bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex segregation analysis of deafness in Dalmatians
Authors: Famula Thomas R. , Oberbauer Anita M. , Sousa Candace A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To use pedigree analysis to evaluate the
feasibility of a major locus model for deafness in
Dalmatians.

Animals—605 purebred Dalmatians from 42 families.

Procedure—Hearing loss was evaluated through the
brainstem auditory-evoked response. Dogs were
classified into mutually exclusive categories: normal
hearing, unilaterally deaf, or bilaterally deaf.
Information was collected on sex, coat color, presence
or absence of a color patch at birth, and eye
color. Statistical analyses were performed by use of
regressive logistic models designed for complex segregation
analysis. Genetic correlations among eye
color, deafness, and color patch were estimated.

Results—Prevalence of hearing loss was 11% for
dogs classified as unilaterally deaf and 5% for dogs
that were bilaterally deaf. Complex segregation analysis
detected statistical evidence of a single allele with
an expected frequency of 0.21 that had an effect on
the prevalence of deafness. Results of analyses suggested
that this locus cannot completely explain the
inheritance and incidence of deafness in Dalmatians.
Genetic correlation estimates among deafness, eye
color, and color patch revealed strong interrelationships
among these characteristics.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—To reduce the
incidence of hearing loss in Dalmatians, unilaterally
deaf, blue-eyed dogs should not be considered as
potential parents. ( Am J Vet Res 2000;61:550–553)
Influence of dietary protein and lipid on weight loss in obese ovariohysterectomized cats
Authors: Szabo Joseph , Ibrahim Wissam H. , Sunvold Gregory D. , Dickey Kenneth M. , Rodgers Janet B. , Toth Ida E. , Boissonneault Gilbert A. , Bruckner Geza G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of dietary lipid and protein on development of hepatic lipidosis (HL) and on physical and biochemical indices following rapid weight loss in cats.Animals—24 ovariohysterectomized cats.Procedure—Cats were fed a high energy diet until they gained 30% of their ideal body weight and then randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 weight-reduction diets (6 cats/diet) at 25% of maintenance energy requirements per day. Diets contained a low or high quality protein source and a lipid source deficient or sufficient in long chain essential fatty acids (LCEFA). Serum and plasma samples and liver biopsy specimens were obtained for biochemical analyses and determination of hepatic lipid content before and after weight gain and during and after weight loss.Results—Irrespective of weight-reduction diet fed, all cats lost weight at a comparable rate (4.51 to 5.00 g/d/kg of obese body weight). Three cats developed hepatic lipidosis. Significant changes in plasma insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, and serum glucose concentrations were detected after weight gain and weight loss in all diet groups, but values for these variables did not differ among groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cats can lose 25 to 30% of their obese body weight over 7 to 9 weeks without developing overt clinical signs of HL, provided that weight-reduction diets are highly palatable, contain a high quality protein, have a source of LCEFA, and are fortified with vitamins and microminerals. However, rapid weight loss may increase risk factors associated with development of diabetes mellitus. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:559–565)
Acute cardiovascular effects and pharmacokinetics of carvedilol in healthy dogs
Authors: Sawangkoon Suwanakiet , Miyamoto Mutsumi , Nakayama Tomohiro , Hamlin Robert L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine acute cardiovascular effects
and pharmacokinetics of carvedilol in healthy dogs.

Animals—14 mature healthy Beagles.

Procedure—12 dogs were anesthetized with morphine
and α-chloralose. Catheters were placed in the
aorta, left ventricle, and right atrium to record systemic
and pulmonary pressures and determine vascular
resistance and cardiac output. Electrocardiograms
(leads I, aVF, and V3) were recorded to
determine electrocardiographic changes. Variables
were measured before and after IV injection of incremental
doses of carvedilol (cumulative doses, 10, 30,
70, 150, 310, and 630 μg/kg of body weight;
n = 6) or vehicle alone (6). Pharmacokinetic analysis
was performed, using 2 conscious dogs given 160 mg
of carvedilol/kg as a single IV injection.

Results—Heart rate and velocity of fiber shortening at
zero load (Vmax) increased slightly but significantly from
baseline values at doses of carvedilol ≥ 310 μg/kg and
10 μg/kg, respectively. Carvedilol did not affect systemic
and pulmonary pressures or vascular resistances.
Intravenous administration of approximately 150 μg of
carvedilol/kg resulted in a plasma carvedilol concentration
of approximately 100 ng/ml. Mean elimination halflife
was 54 minutes, half-life of distribution was 3.5
minutes, and volume of distribution was 2,038 ml/kg.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The therapeutic
plasma concentration of carvedilol in humans
is 100 ng/ml. At that plasma concentration in dogs,
the reduction in afterload and positive inotropic effect
that we observed would be beneficial for treating
heart failure and minimizing the cardiotoxic effects of
doxorubicin. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:57–60)
Pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole following intravenous and oral administration to pigs
Authors: Petersen Mads Bjelke , Friis Christian 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine pharmacokinetics and
metabolic patterns of fenbendazole after IV and oral
administration to pigs.

Animals—4 mixed-breed female pigs weighing 32 to
45 kg.

Procedure—Fenbendazole was administered IV at a
dose of 1 mg/kg. One week later, it was administered
orally at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected
for up to 72 hours after administration, and plasma
concentrations of fenbendazole, oxfendazole, and
fenbendazole sulfone were determined by use of
high-pressure liquid chromatography. Plasma pharmacokinetics
were determined by use of noncompartmental
methods.

Results—Body clearance of fenbendazole after IV
administration was 1.36 L/h/kg, volume of distribution
at steady state was 3.35 L/kg, and mean residence
time was 2.63 hours. After oral administration, peak
plasma concentration of fenbendazole was 0.07 µg/ml,
time to peak plasma concentration was 3.75
hours, and mean residence time was
15.15 hours. Bioavailability of fenbendazole was
27.1%. Oxfendazole was the major plasma metabolite,
accounting for two-thirds of the total area under the
plasma concentration versus time curve after IV and
oral administration. Fenbendazole accounted for 8.4%
of the total AUC after IV administration and 4.5% after
oral administration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate
that fenbendazole was rapidly eliminated from
plasma of pigs. The drug was rapidly absorbed after oral
administration, but systemic bioavailability was low.
( Am J Vet Res 2000;61:573–576)
Effects of endurance training on standard and signal-averaged electrocardiograms of sled dogs
Authors: Constable Peter D. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Olson Jeanne L. , Stepien Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of endurance training on QRS duration, QRS-wave amplitude, and QT interval.Animals—100 sled dogs in Alaska.Procedure—Dogs were examined in early September (before training) and late March (after training). During the interim, dogs trained by pulling a sled with a musher (mean, 20 km/d). Standard and signal-averaged ECG were obtained before and after training.Results—Endurance training significantly increased mean QRS duration by 4.4 milliseconds for standard ECG (mean ± SEM; 62.3 ± 0.7 to 66.7 ± 0.6 milliseconds) and 4.3 milliseconds for signal-averaged ECG (51.5 ± 0.7 to 55.8 ± 0.6 milliseconds) without changing body weight. Increase in QRS duration corresponded to a calculated increase in heart weight (standard ECG, 23%; signal-averaged ECG, 27%). Signal-averaged QRS duration was correlated with echocardiographically determined left ventricular diastolic diameter for the X orthogonal lead (r= +0.41), Y orthogonal lead (r= +0.33), and vector (r= +0.35). Training also increased QT interval (234 ± 2 to 249 ± 2 milliseconds) and R-wave amplitude in leads II and rV2, increased peak-to-peak voltage and S-wave amplitude in the Y orthogonal lead, and decreased Q-wave amplitude in the Y orthogonal lead.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Electrocardiographic changes reflected physiologic cardiac hypertrophy in these canine athletes in response to repetitive endurance exercise. The QRS duration increases in response to endurance exercise training and, therefore, may be of use in predicting performance in endurance activities. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:582–588)
Concentrations of trace minerals in the spinal cord of horses with equine motor neuron disease
Authors: Polack Evelyne W. , King John M. , Cummings John F. , Mohammed Hussni O. , Birch Milton , Cronin Thomas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare concentrations of trace minerals in the spinal cord of horses with equine motor neuron disease (EMND) with those of horses without neurologic disease (control horses).Animals—24 horses with EMND and 22 control horses.Procedure—Spinal cord trace mineral concentrations in horses with EMND and control horses were analyzed by use of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, aluminum, cobalt, and chromium), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (lead and cadmium), flameless atomic absorption (mercury), and fluorometry (selenium).Results—Copper concentration was significantly higher in the spinal cord of horses with EMND, compared with control horses; spinal cord concentrations of all other trace minerals were similar between groups.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Among spinal cord trace minerals investigated in the study, only copper concentrations were significantly different between horses with EMND and horses without neurologic disease, which suggests that copper may be involved in the pathogenesis of EMND. An hypothesis of oxidative injury in this disease is supported by the finding of increased copper concentrations in the spinal cord and by low vitamin E concentrations reported by other researchers. (Am J Vet Res2000; 61:609–611)
Effects of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α on expression of matrix-related genes by cultured equine articular chondrocytes
Authors: Richardson Dean W. , Dodge George R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of interleukin- 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on expression and regulation of several matrix-related genes by equine articular chondrocytes.Sample Population—Articular cartilage harvested from grossly normal joints of 8 foals, 6 yearling horses, and 8 adult horses.Procedure—Chondrocytes maintained in suspension cultures were treated with various doses of human recombinant IL-1β or TNF-α. Northern blots of total RNA from untreated and treated chondrocytes were probed with equine complementary DNA (cDNA) probes for cartilage matrix-related genes. Incorporation of35S-sulfate, fluorography of14C-proline labeled medium, zymography, and western blotting were used to confirm effects on protein synthesis.Results—IL-1β and TNF-α increased steady-state amounts of mRNA of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 3, and 13 by up to 100-fold. Amount of mRNA of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 also increased but to a lesser extent (1.5- to 2-fold). Amounts of mRNA of type-II collagen and link protein were consistently decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Amount of aggrecan mRNA was decreased slightly; amounts of biglycan and decorin mRNA were minimally affected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment of cultured equine chondrocytes with IL-1β or TNF-α resulted in marked alterations in expression of various matrix and matrix-related genes consistent with the implicated involvement of these genes in arthritis. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases was increased far more than expression of their putative endogenous inhibitor. Results support the suggestion that IL-1β and TNF-α play a role in the degradation of articular cartilage in arthritis. (Am J Vet Res2000;61: 624–630)
Evaluation of nitric oxide as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the equine ventral colon
Authors: Hoogmoed Linda M. Van , Rakestraw Peter C. , Snyder Jack R. , Harmon Faye A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the role of nitric oxide and an apamin-sensitive nonadrenergic noncholingeric inhibitory transmitter on contractility of the ventral colon of horses.Sample population—Strips of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers and taenia of the ventral colon from 14 horses.Procedure—Muscle strips were suspended in tissue baths and attached to force transducers. Contractile activity of circular, longitudinal, and taenia muscle strips in response to electrical field stimulation was measured after addition of apamin and a nitric oxide inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME).Results—Electrical field stimulation reduced contractile activity in the circular muscle layer and taenia but not the longitudinal muscle layer. Addition of L-NAME significantly reduced inhibitory contractile activity at all frequencies for the circular muscle layer, whereas a significant effect was evident for the taenia only at the highest frequency. The combination of L-NAME and apamin resulted in a significant reduction in inhibition of the taenia at all frequencies but for circular muscle only at lower frequencies.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Nitric oxide and an apamin-sensitive neurotransmitter appear to mediate a component of inhibitory transmission in the circular muscle and taenia, but not the longitudinal muscle layer, of the equine ventral colon. Nitric oxide has a role in regulating contractile activity of the equine ventral colon, and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors may be useful in horses with ileus of the large colon. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:64–68)
Effects of a 98% solution of glycerol or sterilization with ethylene oxide on FeLV in bone allografts and effects on bone incorporation of allografts in cats
Authors: Coronado George S. , Swenson Cheryl L. , Martinez Steven A. , Burkhardt Kim S. , Arnoczky Steven P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To compare virucidal effects and bone
incorporation properties of cortical bone allografts transplanted
into specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats.
Allografts consisted of untreated bone from a SPF cat
(negative-control group) and bone from 5 FeLV-infected
cats that was subjected to sterilization with ethylene
oxide (ETO), preservation with glycerol, or no treatment
(positive-control group).

Sample Population—Bones from the aforementioned
groups and twenty 8-week-old SPF cats (5
cats/group) implanted with an allograft from 1 of the
aforementioned groups.

Procedure—After implantation, blood samples were
collected weekly to monitor FeLV p27 antigen and antibody
titers. Quantification of FeLV provirus was performed
on blood samples at weeks 0, 4, and 8 and
donor bone samples at time of implantation. Cats were
euthanatized 8 weeks after transplantation, and graft
sites were evaluated.

Results—All results for negative-control cats were negative.
All ETO group cats had negative results for antigen
and provirus in blood, whereas 1 cat had a low antibody
titer. Although 3 ETO-treated allografts were positive for
provirus, the DNA appeared denatured. One cat in the
glycerol group had positive results for all tests in blood
samples. All glycerol-preserved allografts were positive
when tested for provirus. All results for positive-control
group cats were positive. Differences in incorporation of
bone grafts were not observed.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Glycerol
preservation of FeLV-infected bone allografts did not
eliminate transmission of retrovirus to recipients. In
contrast, ETO sterilization appeared to denature DNA
and prevent infection. Treatments did not affect incorporation
of bone grafts in young cats. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:665–671)
Comparison of pharmacokinetics of fentanyl after intravenous and transdermal administration in cats
Authors: Lee D. David , Papich Mark G. , Hardie Elizabeth M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of fentanyl citrate after IV or transdermal administration in cats.Animals—6 healthy adult cats with a mean weight of 3.78 kg.Procedure—Each cat was given fentanyl IV (25 mg/cat; mean ± SD dosage, 7.19 ± 1.17 mg/kg of body weight) and via a transdermal patch (25 µg of fentanyl/h). Plasma concentrations of fentanyl were measured by use of radioimmunoassay. Pharmacokinetic analyses of plasma drug concentrations were conducted, using an automated curvestripping process followed by nonlinear, leastsquares regression. Transdermal delivery of drug was calculated by use of IV pharmacokinetic data.Results—Plasma concentrations of fentanyl given IV decreased rapidly (mean elimination half-life, 2.35 ± 0.57 hours). Mean ± SEM calculated rate of transdermal delivery of fentanyl was 8.48 ± 1.7 mg/h (< 36% of the theoretical 25 mg/h). Median steadystate concentration of fentanyl 12 to 100 hours after application of the transdermal patch was 1.58 ng/ml. Plasma concentrations of fentanyl < 1.0 ng/ml were detected in 4 of 6 cats 12 hours after patch application, 5 of 6 cats 18 and 24 hours after application, and 6 of 6 cats 36 hours after application.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In cats, transdermal administration provides sustained plasma concentrations of fentanyl citrate throughout a 5- day period. Variation of plasma drug concentrations with transdermal absorption for each cat was pronounced. Transdermal administration of fentanyl has potential for use in cats for long-term control of pain after surgery or chronic pain associated with cancer. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:672–677)
In vitro retinoid-induced growth inhibition and morphologic differentiation of canine osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Hong Sung-Hyeok , Kadosawa Tsuyoshi , Nozaki Kazutoshi , Mochizuki Manabu , Matsunaga Satoru , Nishimura Ryohei , Sasaki Nobuo 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine differentiation and
growth inhibition effects of retinoids on canine
osteosarcoma cells.

Sample Population—3 osteosarcoma cell lines established
from osteosarcomas in dogs.

Procedure—Osteosarcoma cells were incubated
with various concentrations of all-trans-retinoic acid
and 9-cis-retinoic acid or control medium, counted
daily for 10 days, and evaluated for morphologic
changes. Synthesis of DNA was measured by use of
a cell proliferation ELISA. To analyze effect of
retinoids on colony formation on plastic dishes, cells
were cultured for 14 days, fixed, and stained; number
of colonies was counted.

Results—In a dose-dependent manner, both
retinoids induced morphologic differentiation and
growth inhibition in the 3 osteosarcoma cell lines and
inhibited each cell's ability to form anchorage-dependent
colonies.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Retinoids
induced differentiation of osteosarcoma cells of dogs,
resulting in altered expression of their malignant phenotype.
Induction of differentiation by retinoids may
have potential as an adjunctive treatment for
osteosarcoma in dogs. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:69–73)
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin administered intravenously and orally to foals
Authors: Bermingham Eden C. , Papich Mark G. , Vivrette Sally L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin administered IV and orally to foals.Animals—5 clinically normal foals.Procedure—A 2-dose cross-over trial with IV and oral administration was performed. Enrofloxacin was administered once IV (5 mg/kg of body weight) to 1-week-old foals, followed by 1 oral administration (10 mg/kg) after a 7-day washout period. Blood samples were collected for 48 hours after the single dose IV and oral administrations and analyzed for plasma enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations by use of high-performance liquid chromatography.Results—For IV administration, mean ± SD total area under the curve (AUC0-∞) was 48.54 ± 10.46 µg · h/ml, clearance was 103.72 ± 0.06 ml/kg/h, halflife (t1/2β) was 17.10 ± 0.09 hours, and apparent volume of distribution was 2.49 ± 0.43 L/kg. For oral administration, AUC0-∞was 58.47 ± 16.37 µg · h/ml, t1/2βwas 18.39 ± 0.06 hours, maximum concentration (Cmax) was 2.12 ± 00.51 µg/ml, time to Cmaxwas 2.20 ± 2.17 hours, mean absorption time was 2.09 ± 0.51 hours, and bioavailability was 42 ± 0.42%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Compared with adult horses given 5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg IV, foals have higher AUC0-∞, longer t1/2β, and lower clearance. Concentration of ciprofloxacin was negligible. Using a target Cmaxto minimum inhibitory concentration ratio of 1:8 to 1:10, computer modeling suggests that 2.5 to 10 mg of enrofloxacin/kg administered every 24 hours would be effective in foals, depending on minimum inhibitory concentration of the pathogen. (Am J Vet Res2000;61: 706–709)
Efficacy of difloxacin in calves experimentally infected with Mannheimia haemolytica
Authors: Olchowy Timothy W. J. , TerHune Terry N. , Herrick Robert L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the efficacy of difloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic, in calves experimentally infected withMannheimia haemolytica(formerlyPasteurella haemolytica).Animals—Seventy-two 3-month-old Holstein calves.Procedures—Calves were inoculated withM haemolyticaintratracheally; after they developed clinical signs of pneumonic pasteurellosis, they were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (n = 12/group). Calves in each group were treated with 10% difloxacin (2.5 or 5 mg/kg of body weight), 5% difloxacin (2.5 or 5 mg/kg), enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control group), once daily for 5 days, and clinical signs were scored daily. On day 15, calves were euthanatized, and the percentage of diseased lung tissue was calculated. Swab specimens of the lungs were submitted for bacterial culture.Results—Mortality rate and percentage of diseased lung tissue were significantly higher and cure rate and average daily gain were significantly lower for control calves, compared with calves in the treatment groups; however, no significant differences were found among treatment groups.Mannheimia haemolyticawas isolated from the lungs of 10 control calves and from at least 2 calves in each of the treatment groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that difloxacin and enrofloxacin were equally effective for treatment of calves with experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis. However, treatment of infected calves with difloxacin or enrofloxacin may not eliminate the organism. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:710–713)