bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hip Injuries and Labral Tears in the National Football League
Authors: Feeley Brian T. , Powell John W. , Muller Mark S. , Barnes Ronnie P. , Warren Russell F. , Kelly Bryan T. 
Published: July 2008

Background Injuries to the hip account for approximately 10% of all injuries in football, but definitive diagnosis is often challenging. Although these injuries are often uncomplicated contusions or strains, intra-articular lesions are increasingly found to be sources of hip pain. Purpose The objective was to define the incidence and etiologic factors of intra- and extra-articular hip injuries in the National Football League (NFL). Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods The NFL Injury Surveillance System was used to define all hip-related injuries from 1997 to 2006. Injuries were included if the athlete missed more than 2 days. All hip and groin injuries were included for evaluation. The authors also report on NFL players with intra-articular injuries seen at their institution outside of the NFL Injury Surveillance System. Results There were a total of 23 806 injuries from 1997 to 2006, of which 738 were hip injuries (3.1 %) with an average of 12.3 days lost per injury. Muscle strains were the most common injury. Intra-articular injuries resulted in the most time lost. Contact injuries most likely resulted in a contusion, and noncontact injuries most often resulted in a muscle strain. In the authors’ institutional experience, many of the athletes with labral tears have persistent adductor strains that do not improve despite adequate therapy. Conclusion Hip injuries represent a small but substantial percentage of injuries that occur in the NFL. A majority of these injuries are minor, with a return to play within 2 weeks. Intra-articular injuries are more serious and result in a significant loss of playing time. The “sports hip triad” (labral tear, adductor strain, and rectus strain) is described as a common injury pattern in the elite athlete.
Myc regulates aggresome formation, the induction of Noxa, and apoptosis in response to the combination of bortezomib and SAHA
Authors: Nawrocki Steffan T. , Carew Jennifer S. , Maclean Kirsteen H. , Courage James F. , Huang Peng , Houghton Janet A. , Cleveland John L. , Giles Francis J. , McConkey David J. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA enhances cell death stimulated by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZ) by disrupting BZ-induced aggresome formation. Here we report that Myc regulates the sensitivity of multiple myeloma (MM) cells to BZ + SAHA–induced cell death. In MM cells, Myc expression directly correlated with intracellular ER content, protein synthesis rates, the percentage of aggresome-positive cells, and the sensitivity to BZ + SAHA–induced cell death. Accordingly, Myc knockdown markedly reduced the sensitivity of MM cells to BZ + SAHA–mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of Myc was sufficient to provoke aggresome formation and thus sensitivity to BZ + SAHA, and these responses required de novo protein synthesis. BZ + SAHA–mediated stimulation of apoptosis includes the induction of the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Noxa as well as endoplasmic reticular stress, a disruption of calcium homeostasis, and activation of capase-4. Finally, knockdown studies demonstrated that both caspase-4 and Noxa play significant roles in Myc-driven sensitivity to BZ + SAHA–induced apoptosis. Collectively, our results establish a mechanistic link between Myc activity, regulation of protein synthesis, increases in HDAC6 expression and aggresome formation, induction of Noxa, and sensitivity to BZ + SAHA–induced apoptosis. These data suggest that MM patients with elevated Myc activity may be particularly sensitive to the BZ + SAHA combination.
Hematopoiesis is not clonal in healthy elderly women
Authors: Swierczek Sabina I. , Agarwal Neeraj , Nussenzveig Roberto H. , Rothstein Gerald , Wilson Andrew , Artz Andrew , Prchal Josef T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractClonality assays, based on X-chromosome inactivation, discriminate active from inactive alleles. Skewing of X-chromosome allelic usage, based on preferential methylation of one of the HUMARA alleles, was reported as evidence of clonal hematopoiesis in approximately 30% of elderly women. Using a quantitative, transcriptionally based clonality assay, we reported X-chromosome–transcribed allelic ratio in blood cells of healthy women consistent with random X-inactivation of 8 embryonic hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, we did not detect clonal hematopoiesis in more than 200 healthy nonelderly women. In view of the susceptibility of aging hematopoietic stem cells to epigenetic dysregulation, we reinvestigated the issue of clonality in elderly women. Forty healthy women (ages 65-92 years; mean, 81.3 years) were tested by a novel, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) transcriptional clonality assay. We did not detect clonal hematopoiesis in any of the tested subjects. We also tested DNA from the same granulocyte samples using the methylation-based HUMARA assay, and confirmed previous reports of approximately 30% extensively skewed or monoallelic methylation, in agreement with likely age-related deregulated methylation of the HUMARA gene locus. We conclude that the transcriptionally based X-chromosome clonality assays are suitable for evaluation of clonal hematopoiesis in elderly women.
p120-Catenin regulates leukocyte transmigration through an effect on VE-cadherin phosphorylation
Authors: Alcaide Pilar , Newton Gail , Auerbach Scott , Sehrawat Seema , Mayadas Tanya N. , Golan David E. , Yacono Patrick , Vincent Peter , Kowalczyk Andrew , Luscinskas Francis W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractVascular endothelial–cadherin (VE-cad) is localized to adherens junctions at endothelial cell borders and forms a complex with α-, β-, γ-, and p120-catenins (p120). We previously showed that the VE-cad complex disassociates to form short-lived “gaps” during leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM); however, whether these gaps are required for leukocyte TEM is not clear. Recently p120 has been shown to control VE-cad surface expression through endocytosis. We hypothesized that p120 regulates VE-cad surface expression, which would in turn have functional consequences for leukocyte transmigration. Here we show that endothelial cells transduced with an adenovirus expressing p120GFP fusion protein significantly increase VE-cad expression. Moreover, endothelial junctions with high p120GFP expression largely prevent VE-cad gap formation and neutrophil leukocyte TEM; if TEM occurs, the length of time required is prolonged. We find no evidence that VE-cad endocytosis plays a role in VE-cad gap formation and instead show that this process is regulated by changes in VE-cad phosphorylation. In fact, a nonphosphorylatable VE-cad mutant prevented TEM. In summary, our studies provide compelling evidence that VE-cad gap formation is required for leukocyte transmigration and identify p120 as a critical intracellular mediator of this process through its regulation of VE-cad expression at junctions.
Parasitization by the wasp Eretmocerus mundus induces transcription of genes related to immune response and symbiotic bacteria proliferation in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Mahadav Assaf , Gerling Dan , Gottlieb Yuval , Czosnek Henryk , Ghanim Murad 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Background
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and the viruses it transmits, are a major constraint to growing vegetable crops worldwide. Although the whitefly is often controlled using chemical pesticides, biological control agents constitute an important component in integrated pest management programs, especially in protected agriculture. One of these agents is the wasp Eretmocerus mundus (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). E. mundus lays its egg on the leaf underneath the second-third instar nymph of B. tabaci. First instars of the wasp hatch and penetrate the whitefly nymphs. Initiation of parasitization induces the host to form a capsule composed of epidermal cells around the parasitoid. The physiological and molecular processes underlying B. tabaci-E. mundus interactions have never been investigated.

Results
We used a cDNA microarray containing 6,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the whitefly genome to study the parasitoid-whitefly interaction. We compared RNA samples collected at two time points of the parasitization process: when the parasitoid first instar starts the penetration process and once it has fully penetrated the host. The results clearly indicated that genes known to be part of the defense pathways described in other insects are also involved in the response of B. tabaci to parasitization by E. mundus. Some of these responses included repression of a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) and induction of a melanization cascade. A second set of genes that responded strongly to parasitization were bacterial, encoded by whitefly symbionts. Quantitative real-time PCR and FISH analyses showed that proliferation of Rickettsia, a facultative secondary symbiont, is strongly induced upon initiation of the parasitization process, a result that supported previous reports suggesting that endosymbionts might be involved in the insect host's resistance to various environmental stresses.

Conclusion
This is the first study to examine the transcriptional response of a hemipteran insect to attack by a biological control agent (hymenopterous parasitoid), using a new genomic approach developed for this insect pest. The defense response in B. tabaci involves genes related to the immune response as described in model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, endosymbionts of B. tabaci appear to play a role in the response to parasitization, as supported by previously published results from aphids.
Successful elimination of non-neural cells and unachievable elimination of glial cells by means of commonly used cell culture manipulations during differentiation of GFAP and SOX2 positive neural progenitors (NHA) to neuronal cells
Authors: Witusik Monika , Piaskowski Sylwester , Hulas-Bigoszewska Krystyna , Zakrzewska Magdalena , Gresner Sylwia M , Azizi S Ausim , Krynska Barbara , Liberski Pawel P , Rieske Piotr 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Background
Although extensive research has been performed to control differentiation of neural stem cells – still, the response of those cells to diverse cell culture conditions often appears to be random and difficult to predict. To this end, we strived to obtain stabilized protocol of NHA cells differentiation – allowing for an increase in percentage yield of neuronal cells.

Results
Uncommitted GFAP and SOX2 positive neural progenitors – so-called, Normal Human Astrocytes (NHA) were differentiated in different environmental conditions to: only neural cells consisted of neuronal [MAP2+, GFAP-] and glial [GFAP+, MAP2-] population, non-neural cells [CD44+, VIMENTIN+, FIBRONECTIN+, MAP2-, GFAP-, S100β-, SOX2-], or mixture of neural and non-neural cells.
In spite of successfully increasing the percentage yield of glial and neuronal vs. non-neural cells by means of environmental changes, we were not able to increase significantly the percentage of neuronal (GABA-ergic and catecholaminergic) over glial cells under several different cell culture testing conditions. Supplementing serum-free medium with several growth factors (SHH, bFGF, GDNF) did not radically change the ratio between neuronal and glial cells – i.e., 1,1:1 in medium without growth factors and 1,4:1 in medium with GDNF, respectively.

Conclusion
We suggest that biotechnologists attempting to enrich in vitro neural cell cultures in one type of cells – such as that required for transplantology purposes, should consider the strong limiting influence of intrinsic factors upon extracellular factors commonly tested in cell culture conditions.
The impact of generic-only drug benefits on patients' use of inhaled corticosteroids in a Medicare population with asthma
Authors: Fung Vicki , Tager Ira B , Brand Richard , Newhouse Joseph P , Hsu John 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Background
Patients face increasing insurance restrictions on prescription drugs, including generic-only coverage. There are no generic inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), which are a mainstay of asthma therapy, and patients pay the full price for these drugs under generic-only policies. We examined changes in ICS use following the introduction of generic-only coverage in a Medicare Advantage population from 2003–2004.

Methods
Subjects were age 65+, with asthma, prior ICS use, and no chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (n = 1,802). In 2004, 74.0% switched from having a $30 brand-copayment plan to a generic-only coverage plan (restricted coverage); 26% had $15–25 brand copayments in 2003–2004 (unrestricted coverage). Using linear difference-in-difference models, we examined annual changes in ICS use (measured by days-of-supply dispensed). There was a lower-cost ICS available within the study setting and we also examined changes in drug choice (higher- vs. lower-cost ICS). In multivariable models we adjusted for socio-demographic, clinical, and asthma characteristics.

Results
In 2003 subjects had an average of 188 days of ICS supply. Restricted compared with unrestricted coverage was associated with reductions in ICS use from 2003–2004 (-15.5 days-of-supply, 95% confidence interval (CI): -25.0 to -6.0). Among patients using higher-cost ICS drugs in 2003 (n = 662), more restricted versus unrestricted coverage subjects switched to the lower-cost ICS in 2004 (39.8% vs. 10.3%). Restricted coverage was not associated with decreased ICS use (2003–2004) among patients who switched to the lower-cost ICS (18.7 days-of-supply, CI: -27.5 to 65.0), but was among patients who did not switch (-38.6 days-of-supply, CI: -57.0 to -20.3). In addition, restricted coverage was associated with decreases in ICS use among patients with both higher- and lower-risk asthma (-15.0 days-of-supply, CI: -41.4 to 11.44; and -15.6 days-of-supply, CI: -25.8 to -5.3, respectively).

Conclusion
In this elderly population, patients reduced their already low ICS use in response to losing drug coverage. Switching to the lower-cost ICS mitigated reductions in use among patients who previously used higher-cost drugs. Additional work is needed to assess barriers to switching ICS drugs and the clinical effects of these drug use changes.
Serpins in T cell immunity
Authors: Bots Michael , Medema Jan Paul 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSerine protease inhibitors (serpins) are a family of proteins that are important in the regulation of several biological processes. This mainly involves the inhibition of serine proteases, although some serpins inhibit a different class of proteases or even function without inhibitory activity. In contrast to other protease inhibitor families, serpins inhibit their target proteases by a specific mechanism, which depends on a change in conformation. This review primarily focuses on one subgroup of serpins—ovalbumin (ov)-serpins. Different than most members of the family, this group of serpins lacks secretion signal sequences and therefore, mainly functions intracellularly. In addition to expression in most normal tissues, ov-serpins can be found in multiple different cells of the immune system. Interestingly, expression of ov-serpins in these cells is tightly regulated, indicating a role for these serpins in the regulation of immune responses. The role of serpins in the immune response will be the topic of this review.
Iron, zinc, copper, lead and cadmium contents in Ruppia maritima from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon: monthly variation and distribution in different plant fractions
Authors: Malea Paraskevi , Boubonari Theodora , Kevrekidis Theodoros 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Metal concentrations and quantities were determined monthly in different fractions of the submerged angiosperm Ruppia maritima in Monolimni Lagoon, Aegean Sea. Concentrations were the highest in the roots, suggesting that the sediment-to-root pathway is a principal uptake route of metals. Most metals were equally distributed between rhizomes plus stems and leaves; Fe accumulated greatly in the rhizomes plus stems, whereas Cu occurred mostly in the leaves. Positive correlations were found between metal concentrations in different plant parts, suggesting metal translocation. Most metal concentrations in the different parts declined during the growing season. Iron and Cd accumulation was found to be associated with temperature, which strongly influences the plant growth; additionally, Fe and Cd concentrations in plant tissues were negatively correlated with leaf, rhizome plus stem biomass. Copper concentrations in the roots showed a converse monthly pattern. No metal concentration in plant fractions was positively correlated with concentrations in the water or sediments. Metal quantities (μg m-2) stored in the plant generally increased 2- to 4-fold during the growing season. Evidence that return to sediments is a major fate of these quantities is provided by the seasonal pattern in sediment metal concentrations.
Singing Through the Looking Glass: Child's Play and Learning in Medieval Italy
Authors: Long Michael 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study explores the context for a small monophonic Latin song preserved in an eclectic Italian anthology manuscript produced around the turn of the fifteenth century. The song bears the Italian heading L'antefana di Ser Lorenzo, and is presumably connected to the Florentine composer Lorenzo Masini. “Diligenter advertant chantores” (as the Latin text begins) attracted considerable attention when it was first made widely available in facsimiles of the mid-twentieth century. Scholars of late medieval music, confronted by the song's apparent intellectual virtuosity and the diabolical excess of its so-called musica ficta signs, drew the conclusion that its musical context lay hidden within the history of music theory and perhaps even in its most esoteric corners. But repositioned against a new and still-emerging understanding of the pedagogical practices of the ars grammatica and ars memorativa, L'antefana takes on a different sort of historical significance. Details of its previously neglected text and the evidence of its fantastical notation suggest that it is a simple riddle intended for the youngest singers, likely a learning game of a very rudimentary sort (one of several considered in this article). Such classroom amusements still remain childhood constants, bridging the supposed gap between medieval and modern musical lives.
Global Warming and effects on the Arctic Fox
Authors: Fuglei Eva , Ims Rolf Anker 
Published: July 2008

We predict the effect of global warming on the arctic fox, the only endemic terrestrial predatory mammals in the arctic region. We emphasize the difference between coastal and inland arctic fox populations. Inland foxes rely on peak abundance of lemming prey to sustain viable populations. In the short-term, warmer winters result in missed lemming peak years and reduced opportunities for successful arctic fox breeding. In the long-term, however, warmer climate will increase plant productivity and more herbivore prey for competitive dominant predators moving in from the south. The red fox has already intruded the arctic region and caused a retreat of the southern limit of arctic fox distribution range. Coastal arctic foxes, which rely on the richer and temporally stable marine subsidies, will be less prone to climate-induced resource limitations. Indeed, arctic islands, becoming protected from southern species invasions as the extent of sea ice is decreasing, may become the last refuges for coastal populations of arctic foxes.
Silica adsorbent design and process evaluation for recovery of homogeneous catalysts by reverse flow adsorption
Authors: Zivkovic T. Dekic , de Haan A. B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe goal of this work is to demonstrate the stability of reverse flow adsorption process for recovery of homogeneous catalysts and to study the influence of catalyst and adsorbent properties for optimizing the RFA process operation. Data used in simulations were obtained from our previous work. Two models are developed to describe the reversible adsorption. One which describes the adsorption of the metal containing species and second model that describes adsorption of the free ligand. It is shown that stable operation is reached, where leaching of metal is prevented. The RFA process can be applied for wide ranges of the catalyst's stability constants [100–1012 (dm3/mol)2] and it is specially applicable for the recovery of homogeneous catalysts that have a low metal concentration. Values of the adsorbent (βM = 0.8, α = 1850, PeP = 376.4, dp = 100 μm and εb = 0.5) and the column characteristics (Bo = 1.74 × 104 and N = 6.6 × 104) that provide a sharp concentration profile inside the bed are determined. Simulation of the recovery of Rh catalyst in the BASF hydroformylation process required a total adsorption bed volume of 6% of reactor volume. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Design of a silicon‐based microscale trickle‐bed system for singlet‐oxygen production
Authors: Wilhite Benjamin A. , Jensen Klavs F. , Hill Tyrone F. , Velásquez‐García Luis Fernando , Epstein Alan H. , Livermore Carol 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDesign methodology and flow characterization of a miniaturized trickle‐bed system for singlet‐oxygen production via exothermic reaction of chlorine gas and basic hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution are reported. Miniaturized singlet oxygen production is accomplished by integration of several components developed for microsystems (uniform phase distributors, integrated on‐chip cooling, and capillary‐based phase separation) within a single device. Macroscale design equations for pressure‐drop and heat‐transfer rates are verified experimentally in the miniature trickle‐bed reactor. Flow regime data from the present study are summarized with previous reports in microdevices and compared to conventional multiphase flow maps; these maps are found to be incapable of accurately predicting the flow regime trends within the miniaturized trickle‐bed system. Operation of the silicon‐based miniaturized trickle‐bed reactor achieved estimated singlet‐oxygen yields of 78%, comparing well with the reactor model predictions. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008