bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental verification of measurement principle in standing wave radar capable of measuring distances down to zero meters
Authors: Okubo Yoshihiro , Uebo Tetsuji 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn general, it is difficult to measure short distances by radar, which has a minimum detection distance of several meters. The standing wave radar proposed by the present authors has a minimum detection distance of about 2 m when the frequency bandwidth is 76 MHz. A solution to reduce the minimum detection distance is to increase the frequency bandwidth. This is not realistic due to limits imposed by radio regulations. The authors have proposed a method with measurable distances down to 0 m without enlarging the bandwidth and have presented the configuration and the measurement principle. The measurement principle has been verified by numerical simulation. In the present paper, the measurement principle is experimentally verified by using an actual standing wave radar and the realizability of a standing wave radar with measurement capability down to 0 m is confirmed. It is shown that the distance to the target at locations closer than the minimum detection distance of 2 m (0.14, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 m) can be measured with an error of several centimeters for a frequency bandwidth of 76 MHz at 24 GHz. For distances less than 0.14 m, the target could not be placed closer than 0.14 m due to positional interference of the target and the antenna in the present experimental environment so that physical confirmation was not possible. However, at the confirmed distance, the range spectrum predicted from the theory is obtained. Hence, it is considered possible to make measurements without special restrictions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(9): 25– 34, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20375
Determination of satellite orbital elements by means of on‐board GPS receiver and its verification
Authors: Okamoto Yoshiwo , Hayashi Tomonao , Yokoyama Koji , Hosokawa Shigeru , Masumoto Yoshinari 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe optimized orbital elements to minimize the squared deviation of the satellite position intermittently measured by an on‐board GPS receiver from the satellite position measured from orbital elements using the SGP orbit model, and then reentered the results into the SGP orbital model to attempt an interpolation calculation of the satellite position and velocity at any given point in time. As a result of applying this system to data from a GPS receiver on board the Whale Ecology Observation Satellite (WEOS), we found that by using positions measured at several minute intervals over a period of about 2 hours, we could calculate the position of WEOS with an error of about 50 m at any given instant within the time frame, among other conclusions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(8): 10–19, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20378
A method of decreasing cross‐polarization in dual‐polarized patch antennas
Authors: Nishimoto Kengo , Fukasawa Toru , Ohtsuka Masataka , Makino Shigeru , Sunahara Yonehiko 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method for decreasing cross‐polarization in the tilt plane by optimizing the dielectric substrates of dual‐polarized patch antennas. At the same time, we clarify the limit values for the cross‐polarization level. First, we use a cavity model of the patch antenna to find cross‐polarization dielectric characteristics in the tilt plane. We learn from this that the direction of cross‐polarization increase or decrease in relation to the dielectric is reversed during horizontal polarized excitation and vertical polarized excitation. Therefore, if the cross‐polarization level during horizontal polarized excitation and vertical polarized excitation is the same dielectric, the lowest cross‐polarization level can be obtained in conditions where both horizontal polarization and vertical polarization are decreasing cross‐polarization. Next, we investigate the case where parasitic elements are mounted on the patch antenna, and use the FDTD method and test to show that our method is valid. In addition, if the patch is positioned perpendicularly to the horizontal plane, we show that the optimum dielectric remains virtually unchanged in the tilt plane up to about 15°from the horizontal plane. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(8): 1–9, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20393 Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement in reliability of InP‐based HEMTs by suppressing impact ionization
Authors: Hara Naoki , Okamoto Naoya , Imanishi Kenji , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Makiyama Kozo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe reliability of InP‐based high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) which hold promise as ultrafast transistors for handling the expansion of the communication capacity was investigated, and was shown to be successfully improved by an InP‐based HEMT structure capable of suppressing impact ionization. The structures used are a lattice‐matched composite channel InGaAs/InAlGaAs structure and a double‐doped structure. In the composite channel structure, impact ionization is suppressed because electrons move from InGaAs to InAlGaAs under a high voltage. In the double‐doped structure, the electric field concentration is relaxed and impact ionization is suppressed because the built‐in electric field is small, and the electrons are widely distributed in the channel layer. The results of an aging test at a drain voltage of 2 V and an ambient temperature of 175°C confirmed an improved reliability in both structures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(5): 33– 38, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20321
Leakage losses of quasi‐phase‐matched second‐harmonic‐generation devices with air gap
Authors: Ishikawa Yoshiki , Saitoh Kunimasa , Fujisawa Takeshi , Koshiba Masanori 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper theoretically evaluates the leakage loss characteristics of a quasi‐phase‐matched second‐harmonic generation device using a ridge‐type MgO:LiNbO3/LiNbO3 waveguide with a gap proposed as an efficient low‐loss wave conversion device. The full‐vectorial finite element method for an analysis of the anisotropic waveguide is used. The effects of the distance from the MgO:LiNbO3 surface to the gap and the width and depth of the gap on the leakage loss are studied in detail. Also, it is found that there are cases where the leakage loss of the polarization related to wavelength conversion does not become less than a certain level even if the depth of the gap is made sufficiently deep. Its mechanism is found and a provision for further reduction of such a leakage loss is described. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(5): 11–18, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20328
Monohydrocalcite and Its Relationship to Hydrated Amorphous Calcium Carbonate in Biominerals (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 14/2007)
Authors: Neumann Markus , Epple Matthias 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows an apple snail (Pomacea bridgesi) and scanning electron micrographs of five different forms of calcium carbonate that were prepared in vitro (vaterite, calcite, monohydrocalcite, amorphous calcium carbonate, and aragonite). Details are discussed in the article by M. Neumann and M. Epple on p. 1953 ff.
Electrophoretic affinity measurements on microchip. Determination of binding affinities between diketopiperazine receptors and peptide ligands
Authors: Stettler Alexandra R. , Krattiger Philipp , Wennemers Helma , Schwarz Maria A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractACE on a microchip (MC‐ACE) is introduced as a fast and reliable method to determine binding affinities. It is based on monitoring the change in the ionic mobility of a receptor upon binding to a ligand, or vice versa. The method is complementary to other standard methods for binding affinity determinations, like isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), NMR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, etc. and allows for affinity studies of weak to strong binding interactions. The method is attractive since it principally allows for the analysis of the binding affinity of multiple receptors to a given ligand and requires comparatively small quantities of the binding partners (particularly in comparison to affinity measurements on capillary). We demonstrate the applicability of MC‐ACE for the determination of the binding affinities between acid‐rich diketopiperazine receptors and basic tripeptides in aqueous solution.
Determination of sertraline and N‐desmethylsertraline in human plasma by CE with LIF detection
Authors: Musenga Alessandro , Kenndler Ernst , Mercolini Laura , Amore Mario , Fanali Salvatore , Raggi Maria Augusta 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA method has been developed for the analysis of the antidepressant drug sertraline together with its main metabolite N‐desmethylsertraline (DMS) in human plasma. It is based on CE with LIF detection (λ = 488 nm). A SPE procedure is employed for biological sample pretreatment, followed by a derivatization step with FITC; reboxetine was the internal standard. The effect of CD, acetone and N‐methyl‐D‐glucamine (GLC) as constituents of the BGE for analyte separation was investigated. The final BGE consisted of 20 mM carbonate buffer, pH 9.0, with 2.5 mM heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐CD, 50 mM GLC and 20% v/v acetone. With 30 kV applied voltage, the electrophoretic run is completed in 7.5 min. Linearity was observed in the plasma concentration range from 3.0 to 500 ng/mL for sertraline and 4.0 to 500 ng/mL for DMS. Extraction yield was >97.1%, precision – expressed as RSD% – was <3.7, accuracy (recovery) was >95.6%. Due to its sensitivity and selectivity, the method was suited for the analysis of plasma samples from patients undergoing therapy with sertraline.
The dynamic network subserving the three phases of cognitive procedural learning
Authors: Hubert Valérie , Beaunieux Hélène , Chételat Gaël , Platel Hervé , Landeau Brigitte , Danion Jean‐Marie , Viader Fausto , Desgranges Béatrice , Francis Eustache  
Published: April 2007

AbstractCognitive procedural learning is characterized by three phases (cognitive, associative, and autonomous), each involving distinct processes. We performed a behavioral study and a positron emission tomography (PET) activation study using the Tower of Toronto task. The aim of the behavioral study was to determine cognitive predictors for the length of each of the three learning phases, in order to preselect subjects for the PET study. The objective of the second study was to describe the cerebral substrates subtending these three phases. Contrasted with a reference (motor) task, the cognitive phase activated the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and parietal regions, all of which became less active as learning progressed. The associative phase was characterized by the activation of the occipital regions, right thalamus, and caudate nucleus. During the autonomous phase, new regions were involved, including the left thalamus and an anterior part of the cerebellum. These results, by employing a direct comparison between phases, provide the first evidence of the involvement and the time course of activation of different regions in each learning phase, in accordance with current models of cognitive procedural learning. The involvement of a frontoparietal network suggests the use of strategies in problem solving during the cognitive phase. The involvement of the occipital regions during the associative and autonomous phase suggests the intervention of mental imagery. Lastly, the activation of the cerebellum during the autonomous phase is consistent with the fact that performance in this phase is determined by psychomotor abilities. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biphasic hemodynamic responses influence deactivation and may mask activation in block‐design fMRI paradigms
Authors: Meltzer Jed A. , Negishi Michiro , Constable R. Todd 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA previous block‐design fMRI study revealed deactivation in the hippocampus in the transverse patterning task, specifically designed, on the basis of lesion literature, to engage hippocampal information processing. In the current study, a mixed block/event‐related design was used to determine the temporal nature of the signal change leading to the seemingly paradoxical deactivation. All positive activations in the hippocampal‐dependent condition, relative to a closely matched control task, were seen to result from positive BOLD transients in the typical 4–7 s poststimulus time range. However, most deactivations, including in the hippocampus and in other “default mode” regions commonly deactivated in cognitive tasks, were attributable to enhanced negative transient signals in a later time range, 10–12 s. This late hemodynamic transient was most pronounced in medial prefrontal cortex. In some regions, the hippocampal‐dependent condition enhanced both the early positive and late negative transients to approximately the same degree, resulting in no significant signal change when block analysis is used, despite very different event‐related responses. These results imply that delayed negative transients can play a role in determining the presence and sign of brain activation in block‐design studies, in which case an event‐related analysis can be more sensitive than a block analysis, even if the different conditions occur within blocks. In this case, default mode deactivations are timelocked to stimulus presentation as much as positive activations are, but in a later time range, suggesting a specific role of negative transient signals in task performance. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study on heat transfer characteristics of reservoir embedded loop heat pipe (1st report, Influence of evaporator orientation against gravity and charged liquid weight on heat transfer characteristics)
Authors: Ishikawa Hiroaki , Ogushi Tetsuro , Nomura Takehide , Iwakami Takeshi , Noda Hiroyuki , Yabe Takahiro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHigh‐powered satellites need larger heat rejection areas. A deployable radiator is one of the key technologies for a high‐powered satellite bus. A Reservoir Embedded Loop Heat Pipe (RELHP) is a two‐phase heat transfer device that constitutes a deployable radiator. RELHP has an evaporator core which is used as a liquid reservoir to enhance operational reliability. This paper presents the heat transport characteristics of a RELHP under changing evaporator orientation against gravity and charged ammonia weight by experiment and calculation. Liquid slug position in the reservoir has a great influence on heat transport characteristics, caused by changing heat transfer coefficients between returned liquid into the evaporator and vapor in the reservoir. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(3): 143– 157, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20150
Fluid flow and heat transfer of opposing mixed convection adjacent to upward‐facing, inclined heated plates
Authors: Misumi Toshiyuki , Shigemaru Syogo , Kitamura Kenzo , Kamiya Kazunori 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOpposing mixed convective flows of air induced over uniformly heated, upward‐facing, inclined plates were investigated experimentally. The experiments covered the ranges of the Reynolds and modified Rayleigh numbers, ReL=7.2×102 to 1×104 and RaL*=5×106 to 8×108, and the inclination angles from θ=15 to 75° from horizontal. The flow fields over plates were visualized with smoke. The results showed that a separation of forced boundary layer flow occurs first at the trailing edge, and then the separation point shifts toward upstream with increasing the wall heat flux, and finally, reaches to the leading edge of the plates. It was also found that the separations at the trailing and leading edges are correlated well with the non‐dimensional parameter as (Grθ*/ReL2.5)=0.35 and 1.0, respectively. The local heat transfer coefficients of the inclined plates were also measured and the results showed that the above separation retards the heat transfer significantly from that of the forced convection. It was also revealed that the heat transfer by forced, natural, and combined convections can be classified with the above parameter as (Grθ*/ReL2.5)<0.2,(Grθ*)/ReL2.5)>3, and 0.2<(Grθ*/ReL2.5)<3, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(3): 127– 142, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20151
Synergistic antitumor effects of celecoxib with 5‐fluorouracil depend on IFN‐γ
Authors: Irie Takanobu , Tsujii Masahiko , Tsuji Shingo , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Ishii Shuji , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Egawa Satoshi , Kakiuchi Yoshimi , Nishida Tsutomu , Yasumaru Masakazu , Iijima Hideki , Murata Hiroaki , Takehara Tetsuo , Kawano Sunao , Hayashi Norio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors are effective chemopreventive agents against colorectal cancers. For treatment of advanced cancers, combination of COX‐2 inhibitors and chemotherapy has been attempted, but the results are still controversial. In the present study, the effects of the COX‐2 inhibitor celecoxib on the anticancer potential of chemotherapy, and its mechanisms of action were investigated in point of the angiogenesis, using an advanced cancer model in mice. BALB/c mice were inoculated with colon 26 cells. After the allograft grew up to 5 mm in diameter, the animals received celecoxib, 5FU, or a combination of 5FU and celecoxib (5FU/celecoxib). After 21‐days of the treatment, 5FU/celecoxib significantly inhibited the tumor growth and the tumor vessel density compared with the other groups. Celecoxib, 5FU or 5FU/celecoxib significantly suppressed the VEGF content in tumor tissues. 5FU/celecoxib also enhanced IFN‐γ levels in tumor tissue, which could be involved in the potent antitumor effects of 5FU/celecoxib. This hypothesis was proven, because in IFN‐γ knockout (IFN‐γ−/−) mice, the inhibitory effects of 5FU/celecoxib on angiogenesis and tumor growth were significantly impaired compared with that in wild type mice. These results suggest that celecoxib enhances the antitumor effect of 5FU against an advanced colon cancer model by suppressing angiogenesis. In addition to VEGF, IFN‐γ has pivotal roles in tumor suppression induced by celecoxib. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression profiling in melanoma identifies novel downstream effectors of p14ARF
Authors: Packer Leisl M. , Pavey Sandra J. , Boyle Glen M. , Stark Mitchell S. , Ayub Ana L. , Rizos Helen , Hayward Nicholas K. 
Published: April 2007

Abstractp14ARF is inactivated by deletions/mutations in many cancer types and can suppress cell growth by both p53‐dependent and p53‐independent mechanisms. To identify novel downstream effectors of p14ARF, we used gene expression profiling as a primary screening tool to select candidates for follow up validation studies using in vitro cell‐based assays. Gene expression profiles of a panel of 35 melanoma cell lines with either wild‐type (n = 12) or mutant (n = 23) p14ARF were compared to identify genes associated with inactivation of p14ARF. Analysis of the microarray data identified 1,316 probe sets that were significantly (p < 0.01) differentially expressed between the p14ARF wild‐type and mutant cell lines. Pathway analysis of these genes showed an overrepresentation of many receptor‐mediated signal transduction pathways, e.g. TGFβ, EGF, HGF, PDGF, MAPK, Wnt and integrin pathways. A number of components of these pathways, including FLRT3, RUNX2, MIG‐6 and SMURF2 were confirmed as downstream targets of p14ARF using p14ARF‐inducible cell lines and RNAi. We propose that regulation of these genes may contribute to melanoma development when p14ARF function is lost. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for prostate cancer incidence and progression in the health professionals follow‐up study
Authors: Giovannucci Edward , Liu Yan , Platz Elizabeth A. , Stampfer Meir J. , Willett Walter C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRisk factors for prostate cancer could differ for various sub‐groups, such as for “aggressive” and “non‐aggressive” cancers or by grade or stage. Determinants of mortality could differ from those for incidence. Using data from the Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study, we re‐examined 10 factors (cigarette smoking history, physical activity, BMI, family history of prostate cancer, race, height, total energy consumption, and intakes of calcium, tomato sauce and α‐linolenic acid) using multivariable Cox regression in relation to multiple subcategories for prostate cancer risk. These were factors that we previously found to be predictors of prostate cancer incidence or advanced prostate cancer in this cohort, and that have some support in the literature. In this analysis, only 4 factors had a clear statistically significant association with overall incident prostate cancer: African–American race, positive family history, higher tomato sauce intake (inversely) and α‐linolenic acid intake. In contrast, for fatal prostate cancer, recent smoking history, taller height, higher BMI, family history, and high intakes of total energy, calcium and α‐linolenic acid were associated with a statistically significant increased risk. Higher vigorous physical activity level was associated with lower risk. In relation to these risk factors, advanced stage at diagnosis was a good surrogate for fatal prostate cancer, but high‐grade (Gleason ≥ 7 or Gleason ≥ 8) was not. Only for high calcium intake was there a close correspondence for associations among high‐grade cancer, advanced and fatal prostate cancer. Tomato sauce (inversely) and α‐linolenic acid (positively) intakes were strong predictors of advanced cancer among those with low‐grade cancers at diagnosis. Although the proportion of advanced stage cancers was much lower after PSA screening began, risk factors for advanced stage prostate cancers were similar in the pre‐PSA and PSA era. The complexity of the clinical and pathologic manifestations of prostate cancer must be considered in the design and interpretation of studies. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nano finite element modeling of the mechanical behavior of biocomposites using multi‐scale (virtual internal bond) material models
Authors: Thiagarajan Ganesh , Deshmukh Kavita , Wang Yong , Misra A. , Katz J. Lawrence , Spencer Paulette 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIt is evident that biocomposites, specifically mineralized Type‐I collagen fibrils, have strong mechanical properties, such as a desirable combination of elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and fracture strength. The mineral Hydroxyapatite [Hap] by itself is stiffer, and it is not clear whether a collagen fiber by itself has a lower breaking strength than the mineralized fiber. Hence, the objective of this paper is to develop, outline, apply, and demonstrate issues involving a new nano explicit finite element based framework, by which the mechanical behavior of mineralized collagen fibrils and their constituents can be studied. A multi‐scale virtual internal bond model is used to model the material behavior and failure of such biocomposites. In this research two models have been studied. The first model attempts to illustrate the hypothesis that materials are less sensitive to flaws at nanoscale and the second model studies the mechanical behavior of a nano sized dahlite mineral crystal commonly found in collagen fibril. Two important implementation characteristics have been introduced and illustrated, namely that scaled properties can be used at the micro and nano length scales along with scaled dimensions and secondly the loading time can be appropriately scaled without the loading becoming a dynamic loading. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007