bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characterisation of Taste-Masked Orally Dissolving Films Containing Ondansetron Hydrochloride Using Novel Poly(Amide-Thioester) Nanocapsules Based on L-Cysteine Amino-Acid
Authors: Dahmash Eman Zmaily , Patel Aayashasiddika Nazirbhai , Faizi Ella , Ali Dalia Khalil , Ataei Abdi , Soltani-Khankahdani Siamak , Merzouk Mahboub 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Ondansetron (OND) is 5-HT3 receptor antagonist commonly used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. However, its short half-life, low bioavailability, and intense bitter taste have led to decreased patient compliance. Administering it via an oromucosal film encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles without the need for water is advantageous due to the difficulty of taking the medication with water when experiencing nausea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to synthesise polymeric nanoparticles using L-cysteine amino acid to encapsulate the bitter-tasting OND and develop paediatric oral dissolving films (ODFs) using them.

Method
Cysteine-based poly(amide-thioester) nanoparticles (CYS-PATE NPs) were developed using the one-step interfacial polycondensation technique between aqueous and organic phases. The nanoparticles were extensively characterised and incorporated into ODFs prepared using various polymers (HPMC, Pullulan and Polyethylene oxide (PEO)).

Results
OND-loaded CYS-PATE NPs (OND/CYS-PATE NPs) were also synthesised with a particle size of 319.7 ± 44.59 nm and a zeta potential of -32.07 ± 0.31. The semi-crystalline nature of both the resultant CYS-PATE NPs and the OND-encapsulated ones was confirmed by DSC and XRD characterisation. In-vitro release studies of optimal formulation (OND/CYS-PATE NPs) showed a total release of 58 µg of OND in 10 mL of artificial saliva after 10 min, equivalent to 5.8 µg/mL, which did not reach the OND bitterness threshold (7.5 µg/mL). Incorporating these NPs into film-forming polymers led to the development of 0.1% HPMC ODFs with homogeneity and a good disintegration time of 49.33 ± 3.99 s.

Conclusions
This study confirms that encapsulating bitter actives in CYS-PATE NPs effectively masked the taste of bitter soluble APIs, formulating them into more palatable forms that can enhance acceptability and adherence, particularly in paediatrics CINV.

Graphical Abstract
Schematic representation diagram of synthesis and characterisation of L-cysteine amino acid based poly (thioester amide) nanoparticles containing OND for taste masking of it
Prediction of Multimorbidity Network Evolution in Middle-Aged and Elderly Population Based on CE-GCN
Authors: Che Yushi , Wang Yiqiao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
With the evolving disease spectrum, chronic diseases have emerged as a primary burden and a leading cause of mortality. Due to the aging population and the nature of chronic illnesses, patients often suffer from multimorbidity. Predicting the likelihood of these patients developing specific diseases in the future based on their current health status and age factors is a crucial task in multimorbidity research.

Methods
We propose an algorithm, CE-GCN, which integrates age sequence and embeds Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) into Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), utilizing the topological feature of network common neighbors to predict links in dynamic complex networks. First, we constructed a disease evolution network spanning from ages 45 to 90 years old using disease information from 3333 patients. Then, we introduced an innovative approach for link prediction aimed at uncovering relationships between various diseases. This method takes into account patients’ age to construct the evolutionary structure of the disease network, thereby predicting the connections between chronic diseases.

Results
Results from experiments conducted on real networks indicate that our model surpasses others regarding both MRR and MAP. The proposed method accurately reveals associations between diseases and effectively captures future disease risks.

Conclusion
Our model can serve as an objective and convenient computer-aided tool to identify hidden relationships between diseases in order to assist healthcare professionals in taking early disease interventions, which can substantially lower the costs associated with treating multimorbidity and enhance the quality of life for patients suffering from chronic conditions.

Graphical Abstract
Machine Learning-Driven Approach for Reducing Tool Wear in Die-Sinking Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Cogun Can , Ayli Ece 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the use of machine learning (ML) techniques to optimize the basic machining parameters and protrusion dimensions that affect tool shape degeneration in die-sinking electric discharge machining (EDM). The primary objective is to decrease errors and enhance prediction and optimization effectiveness. This study introduces a completely novel tool geometry model aimed at minimizing tool shape degeneration, which, to our knowledge, has not been previously documented in the literature. Additionally, this research represents the first instance of employing ML techniques to generate data for addressing this specific type of problem, further advancing the field of die-sinking EDM. The pivotal machining parameters include discharge current, pulse time and machining depth. Three ML approaches are implemented in this investigation: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). In comparison with experimental outcomes, the ANN technique exhibited superior predictive ability with an coefficient of determination (R
2) of 0.99985 and an Mean Relative Error (MRE) of 0.854%. Four distinct EDM machining scenarios are presented and machining parameters and protrusion dimensions are optimized using the ANN technique to decrease tool shape degeneration. Optimizing the machining parameters and diagonal dimensions of the protrusion substantially reduced tool shape degeneration. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of ANN in optimizing machining parameters and improving tool performance in die-sinking EDM. A significant reduction in total wear area of 66.7% was achieved with a considerably lower time cost through the optimized ANN network. While the study demonstrates promising results, its reliance on specific datasets for training may limit the generalizability of the model to broader machining scenarios.
Evaluation of Reduction Behavior of the Acid Pellets Prepared with Sinter-Grade Iron Ore Fines by 55% H2–35% CO–10% N2 and 100% H2
Authors: Kim Rijoo , Suh In-kook , Lee Joonho 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hydrogen is receiving much attention as a reducing agent in iron and steel production processes. Hydrogen-based DRI (Direct-Reduced Iron) production in a shaft furnace is currently under development in many countries. However, due to the limited resources for DR-grade pellets, the hydrogen reduction technology of the pellets produced with sinter-grade iron ore fines is highly anticipated. In this study, the reduction characteristics of the acid pellets produced with sinter-grade iron ore fines were investigated by a typical reformed natural gas (55% H2–35% CO–10% N2), and 100% H2 at temperatures ranging from 973 to 1173 K. The lab-made acid pellet exhibited an average cold crushing strength of 335 kg. When the pellets were reduced by 55% H2–35% CO–10% N2, the degree of metallization was satisfied only at 1173 K. On the other hand, when the pellets were reduced by 100% H2, the degree of metallization was acceptable: 93.04 and 95.54% at 1073 and 1173 K, respectively. The reduction time by 100% H2 at 1073 K was 29 min, whereas that by 55% H2–35% CO–10% N2 at 1173 K was 57 min. Accordingly, the hydrogen reduction process can reduce the reduction time by 51%, although the reduction temperature by 100% H2 is 100 K lower than that by 55% H2–35% CO–10% N2.

Graphical Abstract
Convenient, high-efficiency multiplex genome editing in autotetraploid alfalfa using endogenous U6 promoters and visual reporters
Authors: Xia Xiuzhi , Li Shihao , Wang Na , Cheng Panxu , Zhu Butuo , Zhang Pengcheng , Yang Dahai , Lin Hao , Niu Lifang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
CRISPR/Cas is a simple, robust, versatile tool for plant biology studies and precision plant breeding. However, establishing a high-efficiency gene editing system for multiplex editing of the autotetraploid crop alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), the most important forage legume worldwide, remains a formidable challenge. Here, we systematically identified endogenous U6 promoters in alfalfa through transient expression via Agrobacterium-mediated infiltration of alfalfa leaves. We further demonstrated the efficacy of the three most active promoters for genome editing using an optimized alfalfa hairy root system. Subsequently, we established an improved CRISPR/Cas9 multiplex system containing three or four tandemly arrayed MsU6-promoter-driven polycistronic tRNA-sgRNA (PTG) expression cassettes, each consisting of three tRNA-sgRNA units, to simultaneously edit three or four alfalfa genes, coupled with the visual reporter RH1 or RUBY. This toolkit showed efficient multiplex editing in the hairy root system with visual selection. We successfully obtained regenerated, red-colored shoots resulting from the stable transformation of alfalfa. These results highlight the potential application of the visual reporter system for the stable transformation of alfalfa. Our improved CRISPR/Cas9 multiplex system enables convenient, high-efficiency multiplex genome editing in alfalfa, providing a versatile toolset to facilitate functional studies of multiple genes and gene families for basic research and the genetic improvement of alfalfa.
From peel to health: jaboticaba’s phenolics counteract oxidative stress and liver fat buildup
Authors: Viana Kéllen Wanessa Coutinho , Borges Larissa Lorrane Rodrigues , Nascimento Amanda Lais Alves Almeida , Rigolon Thaís Caroline Buttow , de Andrade Neves Nathália , Pinto da Matta Sérgio Luis , Wischral Daiana , Martins Evandro , Campelo Pedro Henrique , Stringheta Paulo César 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The effect of the administration of different doses of jaboticaba peel phenolic extract (JPPE) on serum biomarkers of hepatic, pancreatic, renal, and oxidative stress and the development of hepatic steatosis in rabbits was evaluated. In this trial, 36 rabbits were divided into six groups: control, hypercholesterolemic diet (HD), HD + 0.4 mg JPPE·kg·day−1, HD + 0.8 mg JPPE·kg·day−1, HD + 0.8 mg JPPE·kg·day−1 on alternate days and HD + 0.3 mg simvastatin·kg·day−1. JPPE consumption reduced levels of lipase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, prevented lipid peroxidation, and stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the animals’ livers. In addition, it was demonstrated that JPPE supplementation attenuates steatosis in hepatic tissue of rabbits. Therefore, the daily consumption of jaboticaba peel or its phenolic extract can prevent the oxidative and pancreatic damage generated by a hypercholesterolemic diet and the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rabbits.
Exploring Plogging’s Usefulness and Feasibility in Schools: Insights from Physical Education Teacher Education Students
Authors: Martínez-Mirambell Carlos , García-Taibo Olalla , Fröberg Andreas , Baena-Morales Salvador 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Education is essential for addressing the global environmental crisis and engaging students through experiential learning is crucial. In physical education, physical literacy offers a holistic approach to sustainable education, with plogging exemplifying this integration. This study investigates the perceptions of Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) students regarding the implementation of plogging in school curricula. Using qualitative interviews with 80 PETE students and analysing responses with NVIVO 12 software, the study reveals mixed feelings about this innovative practice. Participants see plogging as valuable for fostering both physical literacy and environmental awareness. However, concerns about feasibility include the need for institutional support, curriculum flexibility and community involvement. These findings highlight the potential of plogging to enhance educational programmes by combining physical activity with environmental stewardship. The results can inform the development of future educational strategies that integrate plogging to promote sustainability and holistic student development.
Bring in the Sceptics: Using Science and Technology Studies in law
Authors: Wrigley Sam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the interactions between law, technology and society writ large is a very important task for legal analysis. However, the relationship between these areas can be very complex, resulting in a complex web of interactions and feedbacks. Fortunately, Science and Technology Studies (‘STS’) offers a varied toolkit which can help us to understand how these fields overlap.
In this article, I first providing a brief primer regarding STS and its core ideas. The article then considers some high-level legal discussions (particularly those relating to the concept of technology neutral law, and of Lawrence Lessig’s four modalities of regulation) and considers how STS may help to compliment or expand upon those debates. The article then examines how STS may assist with some current legal discussions, focusing on issues that arise from certain types of automated decision-making, as governed by the GDPR, Article 22. Finally, I provide some starting points for those wishing to incorporate STS into their own work, including some of STS’s limitations for law. I conclude that STS can be a very powerful tool for legal scholars, which can help to reinforce existing approaches and to produce analyses which reflect a fuller range of legal, technical and social nuances.
ON THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE VASCONCELOS INVARIANT FOR GRADED MODULES
Authors: FIORINDO LUCA , GHOSH DIPANKAR 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The notion of Vasconcelos invariant, known in the literature as v-number, of a homogeneous ideal in a polynomial ring over a field was introduced in 2020 to study the asymptotic behavior of the minimum distance of projective Reed–Muller type codes. We initiate the study of this invariant for graded modules. Let R be a Noetherian

$\mathbb {N}$

-graded ring and M be a finitely generated graded R-module. The v-number

$v(M)$

can be defined as the least possible degree of a homogeneous element x of M for which

$(0:_Rx)$

is a prime ideal of R. For a homogeneous ideal I of R, we mainly prove that

$v(I^nM)$

and

$v(I^nM/I^{n+1}M)$

are eventually linear functions of n. In addition, if

$(0:_M I)=0$

, then

$v(M/I^{n}M)$

is also eventually linear with the same leading coefficient as that of

$v(I^nM/I^{n+1}M)$

. These leading coefficients are described explicitly. The result on the linearity of

$v(M/I^{n}M)$

considerably strengthens a recent result of Conca which was shown when R is a domain and

$M=R$

, and Ficarra–Sgroi where the polynomial case is treated.
Hydropower reservoirs – their potential association with transmission of trematodes in Vietnam
Authors: Le A.H. , Nguyen H.V. , Van Hoang H. , Tran T.A. , Nguyen C.N. , Nguyen B.N. , Nguyen H.T. , Greiman S.E. , Stauffer J.R. , Madsen H. , Nguyen M.H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The effect of reservoir construction on medically important parasites is well known worldwide but lacks information in Vietnam. With 385 active hydropower plants and numerous water reservoirs, Vietnam provides an ideal setting for studying this issue. This study investigated trematode infection in snail first intermediate hosts from three hydropower reservoirs: Hoa Binh, Son La, and Thac Ba. In total, 25,299 snails representing 16 species were examined, with 959 individuals (8 species) shedding identifiable cercariae. Infection prevalence was highest in thiarid snails (5.4%–15.4%), followed by bithynid snails (2.9%–5.8%). Other snail species showed infection prevalence ranging from 0.3% to 2.9%. Infection prevalence varied significantly across regions, with the highest prevalence in Son La, followed by Hoa Binh and Thac Ba reservoirs. However, no significant differences were observed between snails collected from reservoirs versus canals and paddy fields. Morphological identification resulted in nine cercarial morphotypes, with pleurolophocercaria, xiphidiocercariae, and echinostome being the most common types, accounting for 89.2% of all cercarial infections. Echinostome cercariae were found in seven snail species, while the other cercarial morphotypes were shed by two to five species. Gabbia fuchsiana, Parafossarulus manchouricus, and Melanoides tuberculata were the most common hosts, each harboring five cercarial morphotypes, while Radix auricularia only released echinostome type. In conclusion, our findings highlight the endemic presence of trematodes in hydropower reservoirs and emphasize the need to consider the human-environment interaction around these reservoirs for a better understanding of disease transmission risks.
Redescription of the early zoeal stages of the snapping shrimp Synalpheus fritzmuelleri Coutière, 1909 reared in laboratory conditions
Authors: Santos Rafael Carvalho , Pescinelli Régis Augusto , Sene Matheus , Pantaleão João Alberto Farinelli , Costa Rogerio Caetano 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present study described and illustrated the larval morphology of the three first zoeal stages (zoea I–III) of Synalpheus fritzmuelleri and compared with the previous described larvae of this species. The results pointed out a variety of differences among the descriptions, most of them related to the type and number of setae and articulation of appendages. The first zoea demonstrates similarities shared with the zoea I within the genus besides the diagnostic described characteristics. Other incongruences were also found such as the lack of information about some structures, such as the maxillule in the zoea I, and the use of ambiguous terms do designate type of setae. Moreover, the more advanced the zoea, additional differences were found among the previous and the current descriptions. Due to that, the necessity to review and also add new descriptions for Synalpheus larvae proves imminent to establish a standardization in the morphological description that will strengthen the comparative relationship in the genus.
A comparison study of senior and junior deck officers’ interpretations of the International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea
Authors: Heffernan Ian , O'Mahony Tom 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The International Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea (IRPCS) provide a comprehensive set of instructions for watchkeeping officers to follow and prevent collisions at sea. This study compares how six newly qualified deck officers and six Master Mariners, who were all trained at the same college, applied the IRPCS. Individual, semi-structured interviews were used to uncover how the 12 participants applied and interpreted the rules for three authentic scenarios. Phenomenography was used to capture the qualitatively different means by which participants interpreted the IRPCS. For basic collision avoidance situations, the results indicated little difference between the cohorts' ability to interpret and apply the IRPCS. However, when the scenarios became more complicated, Master Mariners outperformed newly qualified deck officers. In these cases, Master Mariners displayed a greater capacity to assess the overall situation, whereas newly qualified deck officers tended to simplify by focusing on a single rule. These findings indicate that training needs to focus on developing situational awareness; and training scenarios need to incorporate multiple vessels in authentic scenarios to enhance newly qualified deck officers' capacities to interpret the IRPCS.
Beyond rationality. Toward a more comprehensive understanding of the use of negative campaigning
Authors: Maier Jürgen , Oschatz Corinna , Stier Sebastian , Dian Mona , Sältzer Marius 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Most scholars agree that candidates’ use of negative campaigning is based on rational considerations, i.e., weighing likely benefits against potential costs. We argue that this perspective is far too narrow and outline the elements of a comprehensive model on the use of negative campaign communication that builds on personality traits, values, social norms, and attitudes toward negative campaigning as complementary mechanisms to classical rational choice theory. We test our theoretical assumptions using candidate surveys for twelve state elections in Germany with more than 3,100 candidates. Our results strongly suggest that negative campaigning goes beyond rational considerations. Although benefit–cost calculations are the primary driver of the decision to attack the opponent, other factors are also important and enhance our understanding of why candidates choose to engage in negative campaign communication. Our findings have important implications for research on candidate attack behavior.
High-gain circularly polarized Fabry–Perot resonator antenna based on advanced polarization conversion metasurface
Authors: He Xin , Qin Wenhua , Wang Kaize , Xu Juan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a novel polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) is proposed. Compared with the conventional receiver-transmitter metasurface units, two metallized via holes are set up to correct the current. It can achieve better polarization conversion from linear to circular and maintain a high reflectivity performance. A patch antenna with an L-probe feed is used as a feeder. The circularly polarized Fabry–Perot resonator antenna (CP-FPRA) consists of the PCM with a 5 × 5 array and a feeder. The measurements indicate a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 8.6% (22.3–24.3 GHz). And it achieves a maximum gain of 14.2 dBic at 24 GHz, compared to the feed antenna has a gain enhancement of 5.5 dBi (from 8.7 dBi to 14.2 dBic). The proposed CP-FPRA has high gain, a wide AR, and a relatively low profile, providing ideas for subsequent antenna designs.
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering tools to count 5 f electrons of actinides and probe bond covalency
Authors: Schacherl Bianca , Tagliavini Michelangelo , Kaufmann-Heimeshoff Hanna , Göttlicher Jörg , Mazzanti Marinella , Popa Karin , Walter Olaf , Pruessmann Tim , Vollmer Christian , Beck Aaron , Ekanayake Ruwini S. K. , Branson Jacob A. , Neill Thomas , Fellhauer David , Reitz Cedric , Schild Dieter , Brager Dominique , Cahill Christopher , Windorff Cory , Sittel Thomas , Ramanantoanina Harry , Haverkort Maurits W. , Vitova Tonya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The actinides possess a complex electronic structure, making their chemical and physical properties among the least understood in the periodic table. Advanced spectroscopic tools, able to obtain deep insights into the electronic structure and binding properties of the actinides, are highly desirable. Here, we introduce two sensitive spectroscopic tools: one determines the number of localized 5f electrons on an actinide atom, and another assesses the covalent character of actinide-ligand bonding. Both tools are based on the multiplet structure present in actinide M4 edge core-to-core resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (CC-RIXS) maps. The spectral intensity of different many-body final-state multiplets directly depends on the local many-electron ground-state symmetry including the local 5 f spin configuration. By comparing U M4 edge CC-RIXS data for 21 U, Np, Pu and Am compounds, we demonstrate the ability to compare the number of localized 5 f electrons and bond covalency across the actinide series.