bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consent in elective joint replacement surgery: are we doing enough?
Authors: Waheed Atif , Ahmed Kamran , Ansara Sameh , Geeranavar Shivanand S 
Published: July 2007

A substantial number of clinical negligence claims arise from a failure to adequately advise patients prior to surgery. It is important for surgeons at all levels to maintain good practice in obtaining consent and to recognize that the standards against which they are judged in litigation have changed in recent years. Consent is a process rather than an event and evidence of valid consent includes the surgeon's letters, oral and written information given to the patient and, to a limited extent, the consent form. We retrospectively audited the documentation relating to consent in the case notes of 50 patients undergoing elective joint replacement surgery between August 2004 and March 2005, and found that documentation was generally inadequate. We recommend that there should be national guidance on complications for standard elective joint replacement procedures. This could be incorporated into the best practice guidance on joint replacement surgery published by the British Orthopaedic Association.
Advice given to women who are prescribed antibiotics while taking the oral contraceptive pill
Authors: Phillips John , Chokkalingam Perumal , McFerran Don 
Published: July 2007

Introduction It is well established that the concurrent use of antibiotics and the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) may result in unplanned pregnancy. An audit project was conducted to ascertain the proportion of patients that were appropriately informed regarding the consequences of using antibiotics while taking the combined OCP. Patients and Methods Over two 6-month periods all female inpatients between the ages of 16 and 55 years who were discharged from the ENT ward on a course of oral antibiotics were asked if they had been made aware of the possible interaction between antibiotics and the OCP. Results The first audit cycle revealed that no patients in the study group were informed of the potential consequences. The second audit cycle was performed after a brief educational presentation was added to the induction process for training grade doctors, resulting in 85% of patients being appropriately informed. All the women who actually used the OCP were appropriately informed. Conclusions This study showed that medical staff did not inform their female patients of the possible interaction between antibiotics and the OCP. This shortcoming was dramatically improved by instituting a simple educational process.
Lactation Safety Recommendations and Reliability Compared in 10 Medication Resources
Authors: Akus Monica , Bartick Melissa 
Published: July 2007

Background: Discontinuation of breast-feeding is linked with an increased risk of acute and chronic diseases in children, as well as increased risk of maternal disease. Mothers and physicians often depend on pharmacists for accurate drug information. Their information is only as good as the sources available to them. Objective: To determine the reliability of safety recommendations for drugs used during lactation, based on current research and information, and determine whether resources may be inappropriately advising the interruption of breastfeeding. Methods: A comparison of 10 frequently used sources for information on medication used during breast-feeding was done for 14 commonly used drugs. Our sources included the databases used by 2 retail pharmacy chains, available text references, and electronic references. We assessed the number of drugs thought to be safe in breast-feeding for each source. The drugs reviewed included those widely accepted as safe, widely regarded as not safe, and drugs that fit into neither category. Results: We found that many sources did consider the most recent research. For drugs thought to be unequivocally safe, the 2 retail pharmacy databases gave an alternative recommendation at least 75% of the time. Conclusions: If healthcare practitioners are using outdated sources for making safety recommendations to their patients, such a practice may result in many women being inappropriately advised to stop breast-feeding, thus increasing the potential health risks to them and their infants. As the most accessible medication expert, the pharmacist needs to be well educated and continually updated using the most reliable resources for lactation recommendations.
Tumour immunogenicity goes with the (mitochondrial electron) flow
Authors: Ahmed Asma , Tait Stephen W. G. 
Published: March 2024

Mitochondrial metabolism and electron transport chain (ETC) function are essential for tumour proliferation and metastasis. However, the impact of ETC function on cancer immunogenicity is not well understood. In a recent study, Mangalhara et al. found that inhibition of complex II leads to enhanced tumour immunogenicity, T‐cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and inhibition of tumour growth. Surprisingly, this antitumour effect is mediated by succinate accumulation affecting histone methylation. Histone methylation promotes the transcriptional upregulation of major histocompatibility complex–antigen processing and presentation (MHC‐APP) genes in a manner independent of interferon signalling. Modulating mitochondrial electron flow to enhance tumour immunogenicity provides an exciting new therapeutic avenue and may be particularly attractive for tumours with reduced expression of MHC‐APP genes or dampened interferon signalling.
Exploring How the Arms Can Help the Legs in Facilitating Gait Rehabilitation
Authors: Arellano Christopher J. , Vega Daisey 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInspired by the ideas from the fields of gait rehabilitation, neuroscience, and locomotion biomechanics and energetics, a body of work is reviewed that has led to propose a conceptual framework for novel “self‐assistive” walking devices that could further promote walking recovery from incomplete spinal cord injuries. The underlying rationale is based on a neural coupling mechanism that governs the coordinated movements of the arms and legs during walking, and that the excitability of these neural pathways can be exploited by actively engaging the arms during locomotor training. Self‐assistive treadmill walking rehabilitation devices are envisioned as an approach that would allow an individual to actively use their arms to help the legs during walking. It is hoped that the conceptual framework inspires the design and use of self‐assistive walking devices that are tailored to assist individuals with an incomplete spinal cord injury to regain their functional walking ability.
Thermal‐Accelerated Urease‐Driven Bowl‐Like Polydopamine Nanorobot for Targeted Photothermal/Photodynamic Antibiotic‐Free Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Li , Ouyang Feng , Xue Chenglong , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Tao , Pei Zhichao , Shuai Qi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe problem of antibiotic resistance seriously affects the treatment of bacterial infections, so there is an urgent need to develop novel antibiotic‐independent antimicrobial strategies. Herein, a urease‐driven bowl‐like mesoporous polydopamine nanorobot (MPDA@ICG@Ur@Man) based on single‐wavelength near‐infrared (NIR) remote photothermal acceleration to achieve antibiotic‐free phototherapy(photothermal therapy, PTT, plus photodynamic therapy, PDT) is first reported. The smart nanorobots can perform active movement by decomposing urea to produce carbon dioxide and ammonia. Particularly, the elevated local temperature during PTT can increase urease activity to enhance the autonomous movement and thus increase the contact between the antimicrobial substance and bacteria. Compared with a nanomotor propelled by urea only, the diffusion coefficient (De) of photothermal‐accelerated nanorobots is increased from 1.10 to 1.26 µm2 s−1. More importantly, urease‐driven bowl‐like nanorobots with photothermal enhancement can specifically identify Escherichia coli (E. coli) and achieve simultaneous PTT/PDT at a single wavelength with 99% antibactericidal activity in vitro. In a word, the urease‐driven bowl‐like nanorobots guided by photothermal‐accelerated strategy could provide a novel perspective for increasing PTT/PDT antibacterial therapeutic efficacy and be promising for various antibiotic‐free sterilization applications.
The M2 Macrophages Derived Migrasomes From the Surface of Titania Nanotubes Array as a New Concept for Enhancing Osteogenesis
Authors: Li Guangwen , Zhao Yuqi , Wang Haochen , Zhang Yan , Cai Dongxuan , Zhang Yumei , Song Wen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs newly discovered substrate anchored extracellular vesicles, migrasomes (Migs) may bring a new opportunity for manipulating target cells bioactivities. In this study, the M2 macrophages derived Migs are obtained by titania nanotubes surface (NTs). Due to the benefits of nanostructuring, the NTs surface is not only able to induce RAW264.7 for M2 polarization but also to generate more Migs formation, which can be internalized by following seeded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Then, the NTs surface induced Migs are collected by density‐gradient centrifugation for MSCs treatment. As indicated by immunofluorescence staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, and alizarin red staining, the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs is significantly enhanced by Migs treatment, in line with the dosage. By RNA‐sequence analysis, the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation is correlated with PI3K‐AKT pathway activation that may originate from the M2 polarization state of donor cells. Finally, the Migs are coated onto Ti surface for therapeutic application. Both the in vitro and in vivo analysis reveal that the Migs coated Ti implant shows significant enhancement of osteogenesis. In conclusion, this study suggests that the nanosurface may be a favorable platform for Migs production, which may bring a new concept for tissue regeneration.
Macromers for Encapsulating Perovskite Photovoltaics and Achieving High Stability
Authors: Tang Xiaohua , Zhang Tianjiao , Chen Weijie , Chen Haiyang , Zhang Zhichao , Chen Xining , Gu Hao , Kang Shuaiqing , Han Chuanshuai , Xu Tingting , Cao Jianlei , Zheng Jialei , Ou Xuemei , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) are highly unstable even under trace water. Although the blanket encapsulation (BE) strategy applied in the industry can effectively block moisture invasion, the commercial UV‐curable adhesives (UVCAs) for BE still trigger power conversion efficiency deterioration, and the degradation mechanism remains unknown. For the first time, the functions of commercial UVCAs are revealed in BE‐processed pero‐SCs, where the small‐sized monomer easily permeates to the perovskite surface, forming an insulating barrier to block charge extraction, while the high‐polarity moiety can destroy perovskite lattice. To solve these problems, a macromer, named PIBA is carefully designed, by grafting two acrylate terminal groups on the highly gastight polyisobutylene and realizes an increased molecular diameter as well as avoided high‐polarity groups. The PIBA macromer can stabilize on pero‐SCs and then sufficiently crosslink, forming a compact and stable network under UV light without sacrificing device performance during the BE process. The resultant BE devices show negligible efficiency loss after storage at 85% relative humidity for 2000 h. More importantly, these devices can even reach ISO 20653:2013 Degrees of protection IPX7 standard when immersed in one‐meter‐deep water. This BE strategy shows good universality in enhancing the moisture stability of pero‐SCs, irrespective of the perovskite composition or device structure.
The Potential Regulation of Working Anode for Long‐Term Zero‐Volt Storage at 37 °C in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Hanchen , Liu Yingtian , Jiang Mingze , Yao Yu‐Xing , Hu Chunhua , Yan Chong , Zhang Qiang , Li Luming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe advanced lithium‐ion batteries that can tolerate zero‐volt storage (ZVS) are in high demand for implantable medical devices and spacecraft. However, ZVS can raise the anode potential, leading to Cu current collector dissolution and solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) degradation, especially at 37 °C. In this contribution, by quantitatively regulating the dosage of Li6CoO4 cathode additives, controllable potential of the working anode under abusive‐discharge conditions is demonstrated. The addition of Li6CoO4 keeps zero‐crossing potential (ZCP) and the potential of ZVS below 2.0 V (vs Li/Li+) for LiCoO2|mesocarbon microbead cells at 37 °C. The capacity retention ratio (CRR) increases from 69.1% and 35.9% to 98.6% and 90.8% after 10 and 20 days of ZVS, respectively. The Cu dissolution and SEI degradation are effectively suppressed, while the over‐lithiated cathode exhibits high reversible capacity after ZVS. The limiting conditions of long‐term ZVS are further explored and a corresponding guide map is designed. When quantitatively regulating ZCP and the potential in ZVS, Cu dissolution, SEI degradation, and irreversible conversion of the cathode constitute the limiting conditions. This contribution designs the most reasonable potential range for ZVS protection at 37 °C, and realizes the best CRR record through precise potential regulation for the first time.
Quasi van der Waals Epitaxy of Single Crystalline GaN on Amorphous SiO2/Si(100) for Monolithic Optoelectronic Integration
Authors: Liang Dongdong , Jiang Bei , Liu Zhetong , Chen Zhaolong , Gao Yaqi , Yang Shenyuan , He Rui , Wang Lulu , Ran Junxue , Wang Junxi , Gao Peng , Li Jinmin , Liu Zhongfan , Sun Jingyu , Wei Tongbo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe realization of high quality (0001) GaN on Si(100) is paramount importance for the monolithic integration of Si‐based integrated circuits and GaN‐enabled optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, thorny issues including large thermal mismatch and distinct crystal symmetries typically bring about uncontrollable polycrystalline GaN formation with considerable surface roughness on standard Si(100). Here a breakthrough of high‐quality single‐crystalline GaN film on polycrystalline SiO2/Si(100) is presented by quasi van der Waals epitaxy and fabricate the monolithically integrated photonic chips. The in‐plane orientation of epilayer is aligned throughout a slip and rotation of high density AlN nuclei due to weak interfacial forces, while the out‐of‐plane orientation of GaN can be guided by multi‐step growth on transfer‐free graphene. For the first time, the monolithic integration of light‐emitting diode (LED) and photodetector (PD) devices are accomplished on CMOS‐compatible SiO2/Si(100). Remarkably, the self‐powered PD affords a rapid response below 250 µs under adjacent LED radiation, demonstrating the responsivity and detectivity of 2.01 × 105 A/W and 4.64 × 1013 Jones, respectively. This work breaks a bottleneck of synthesizing large area single‐crystal GaN on Si(100), which is anticipated to motivate the disruptive developments in Si‐integrated optoelectronic devices.
Nanosystem Delivers Senescence Activators and Immunomodulators to Combat Liver Cancer
Authors: Gong Ke , Jiao Juyang , Wu Zhihua , Wang Quan , Liao Jinghan , Duan Yi , Lin Jiangtao , Yu Jian , Sun Ying , Zhang Yong , Duan Yourong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCD47 blockade has emerged as a promising immunotherapy against liver cancer. However, the optimization of its antitumor effectiveness using efficient drug delivery systems or combinations of therapeutic agents remains largely incomplete. Here, patients with liver cancer co‐expressing CD47 and CDC7 (cell division cycle 7, a negative senescence‐related gene) are found to have the worst prognosis. Moreover, CD47 is highly expressed, and senescence is inhibited after the development of chemoresistance, suggesting that combination therapy targeting CD47 and CDC7 to inhibit CD47 and induce senescence may be a promising strategy for liver cancer. The efficacy of intravenously administered CDC7 and CD47 inhibitors is limited by low uptake and short circulation times. Here, inhibitors are coloaded into a dual‐targeted nanosystem. The sequential release of the inhibitors from the nanosystem under acidic conditions first induces cellular senescence and then promotes immune responses. In an in situ liver cancer mouse model and a chemotherapy‐resistant mouse model, the nanosystem effectively inhibited tumor growth by 90.33% and 85.15%, respectively. Overall, the nanosystem in this work achieved the sequential release of CDC7 and CD47 inhibitors in situ to trigger senescence and induce immunotherapy, effectively combating liver cancer and overcoming chemoresistance.
Efficient Biosynthetic Fabrication of Spidroins with High Spinning Performance
Authors: Lin Baoyang , Xie Jingjun , Gao Bingbing , He Bingfang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe unique 3D structure of spider silk protein (spidroin) determines the excellent mechanical properties of spidroin fiber, but the difficulty of heterologous expression and poor spinning performance of recombinant spider silk protein limit its application. A high‐yield low‐molecular‐weight biomimetic spidroin (Amy‐6rep) is obtained by sequence modification, and its excellent spinning performance is verified by electrospinning it for use as a nanogenerator. Amy‐6rep increases the highly fibrogenic microcrystalline region in the core repeat region of natural spidroin with limited sequence length and replaces the polyalanine sequence with an amyloid polypeptide through structural similarity. Due to sequence modification, the expression of Amy‐6rep increased by ≈200%, and the self‐assembly performance of Amy‐6rep significantly increased. After electrospinning with Amy‐6rep, the nanofibers exhibit good tribopower generation capacity. In this paper, a biomimetic spidroin sequence design with high yield and good spinning performance is reported, and a strategy for electrospinning to produce an artificial nanogenerator is explored.
In Situ Construction of Interface with Photothermal and Mutual Catalytic Effect for Efficient Solar‐Driven Reversible Hydrogen Storage of MgH2
Authors: Hu Xuechun , Chen Xiaowei , Zhang Xiaoyue , Meng Yang , Xia Guanglin , Yu Xuebin , Sun Dalin , Fang Fang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydrogen storage in MgH2 is an ideal solution for realizing the safe storage of hydrogen. High operating temperature, however, is required for hydrogen storage of MgH2 induced by high thermodynamic stability and kinetic barrier. Herein, flower‐like microspheres uniformly constructed by N‐doped TiO2 nanosheets coated with TiN nanoparticles are fabricated to integrate the light absorber and thermo‐chemical catalysts at a nanometer scale for driving hydrogen storage of MgH2 using solar energy. N‐doped TiO2 is in situ transformed into TiNxOy and Ti/TiH2 uniformly distributed inside of TiN matrix during cycling, in which TiN and Ti/TiHx pairs serve as light absorbers that exhibit strong localized surface plasmon resonance effect with full‐spectrum light absorbance capability. On the other hand, it is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the intimate interface between TiH2 and MgH2 can not only thermodynamically and kinetically promote H2 desorption from MgH2 but also simultaneously weaken Ti─H bonds and hence in turn improve H2 desorption from the combination of weakened Ti─H and Ti─H bonds. The uniform integration of photothermal and catalytic effect leads to the direct action of localized heat generated from TiN on initiating the catalytic effect in realizing hydrogen storage of MgH2 with a capacity of 6.1 wt.% under 27 sun.
Mitochondria‐Modulating Liposomes Reverse Radio‐Resistance for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Junmei , Wang Yuhong , Shen Wenhao , Zhang Ziyu , Su Zhiyue , Guo Xia , Pei Pei , Hu Lin , Liu Teng , Yang Kai , Guo Lingchuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractComplete remission of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unachievable in the majority of patients by common fractionated radiotherapy, leaving risks of tumor metastasis and recurrence. Herein, clinical CRC samples demonstrated a difference in the phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α (p‐eIF2α) and the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), whose increased expression by initial X‐ray irradiation led to the resistance to subsequent radiotherapy. The underlying mechanism is studied in radio‐resistant CT26 cells, revealing that the incomplete mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (iMOMP) triggered by X‐ray irradiation is key for the elevated expression of p‐eIF2α and ATF4, and therefore radio‐resistance. This finding guided to discover that metformin and 2‐DG are synergistic in reversing radio resistance by inhibiting p‐eIF2α and ATF4. Liposomes loaded with metformin and 2‐DG (M/D‐Lipo) are thus prepared for enhancing fractionated radiotherapy of CRC, which achieved satisfactory therapeutic efficacy in both local and metastatic CRC tumors by reversing radio‐resistance and preventing T lymphocyte exhaustion.
Highly Efficient Room‐Temperature Spin‐Orbit‐Torque Switching in a Van der Waals Heterostructure of Topological Insulator and Ferromagnet
Authors: Choi Gyu Seung , Park Sungyu , An Eun‐Su , Bae Juhong , Shin Inseob , Kang Beom Tak , Won Choong Jae , Cheong Sang‐Wook , Lee Hyun‐Woo , Lee Gil‐Ho , Cho Won Joon , Kim Jun Sung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAll‐Van der Waals (vdW)‐material‐based heterostructures with atomically sharp interfaces offer a versatile platform for high‐performing spintronic functionalities at room temperature. One of the key components is vdW topological insulators (TIs), which can produce a strong spin‐orbit‐torque (SOT) through the spin‐momentum locking of their topological surface state (TSS). However, the relatively low conductance of the TSS introduces a current leakage problem through the bulk states of the TI or the adjacent ferromagnetic metal layers, reducing the interfacial charge‐to‐spin conversion efficiency (qICS). Here, a vdW heterostructure is used consisting of atomically‐thin layers of a bulk‐insulating TI Sn‐doped Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S1 and a room‐temperature ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2, to enhance the relative current ratio on the TSS up to ≈20%. The resulting qICS reaches ≈1.65 nm−1 and the critical current density Jc ≈0.9 × 106 Acm−2 at 300 K, surpassing the performance of TI‐based and heavy‐metal‐based SOT devices. These findings demonstrate that an all‐vdW heterostructure with thickness optimization offers a promising platform for efficient current‐controlled magnetization switching at room temperature.
A Self‐Oscillated Organic Synapse for In‐Memory Two‐Factor Authentication
Authors: Liu Shuzhi , Zhong Xiaolong , Li Yuxuan , Guo Bingjie , He Zhilong , Wu Zhixin , Liu Sixian , Guo Yanbo , Shi Xiaoling , Chen Weilin , Duan Hongxiao , Zeng Jianmin , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEntering the era of AI 2.0, bio‐inspired target recognition facilitates life. However, target recognition may suffer from some risks when the target is hijacked. Therefore, it is significantly important to provide an encryption process prior to neuromorphic computing. In this work, enlightened from time‐varied synaptic rule, an in‐memory asymmetric encryption as pre‐authentication is utilized with subsequent convolutional neural network (ConvNet) for target recognition, achieving in‐memory two‐factor authentication (IM‐2FA). The unipolar self‐oscillated synaptic behavior is adopted to function as in‐memory asymmetric encryption, which can greatly decrease the complexity of the peripheral circuit compared to bipolar stimulation. Results show that without passing the encryption process with suitable weights at the correct time, the ConvNet for target recognition will not work properly with an extremely low accuracy lower than 0.86%, thus effectively blocking out the potential risks of involuntary access. When a set of correct weights is evolved at a suitable time, a recognition rate as high as 99.82% can be implemented for target recognition, which verifies the effectiveness of the IM‐2FA strategy.