bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TESTOSTERONE AND THE GROWTH OF MAMMARY GLANDS AND OTHER TISSUES OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS TREATED WITH THYROXINE, INSULIN AND CORTISONE
Authors: Donovan B. T. , Jacobsohn Dora 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The reaction of the mammary glands to testosterone propionate was studied in gonadectomized, hypophysectomized rats treated with thyroxine, insulin and cortisone in various combinations. The weight and length of the body and the weight of the liver, heart ventricles, adrenal glands, seminal vesicles and ventral prostate was also recorded.
Growth of alveolar lobules, such as produced by injections of testosterone into rats with intact pituitary gland did not occur in any of the 3 groups of hypophysectomized rats studied, that is, neither after treatment with testosterone and 1) thyroxine and cortisone, 2) insulin and cortisone, nor 3) thyroxine, insulin and cortisone. An abnormal elongation of side buds and a hyperplasia and proliferation of ductal epithelium did occur and was most prominent in the group receiving insulin and cortisone.
A marked increase in body length, as well as in body weight, was observed in the group treated with testosterone, thyroxine, insulin and cortisone. The results are discussed with regard to the enhanced growth response to ovarian hormones observed in this laboratory under similar conditions.
ACTION OF ENZYME DIGESTED PITUITARY GLANDS OF THE SKIPPER-FROG ON THE OVULATION OF THE SAME
Authors: Ramaswami L. S. , Lakshman A. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By using enzymes, the gonadotrophic factors in the skipper-frog pituitary glands have been selectively inactivated or destroyed. By incubating a known number of pituitary gland homogenate with ptyalin in a constant temperature bath for 5–6 h the follicle-stimulating factor is inactivated; with trypsin or pepsin, the luteinizing factor is inactivated. Bioassay on gravid skipper-frogs indicate that the ptyalin digested homogenate brings about profuse spawning while the trypsin or pepsin digested homogenates do not. When a combination of ptyalin digested and trypsin digested homogenates is injected into fresh gravid skipper-frogs, poor spawning is brought about. These experiments show that the luteinizing factor alone brings about more profuse spawning than when it is combined with the follicle-stimulating factor. It is likely, therefore, that in the lower vertebrates the luteinizing factor of the pituitary gland plays a more predominant role. The exact proportions in which the different dosages for the control and test animals are administered are also tabulated.
STUDIES ON OESTROGENS IN CATTLE
Authors: Velle Weiert , Erichsen Stian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A review is given of previous in vitro investigations on oestrogen metabolism. In the present investigation use has been made of the tissue culture technique, whereby possible blood or serum effects on oestrogen transformations could be excluded. The conversion products were characterized by chemical methods.
In the presence of bovine kidney cells grown on a medium of known composition, the following conversions were recorded: Oestrone to oestradiol-17β, oestradiol-17β to oestrone, oestradiol-17α to oestrone. Control incubations of the hormones with medium only showed that the transformations must be due to the presence of the living cells. The rate of conversion to oestrone was markedly higher for oestradiol-17β than for oestradiol-17α. As previous in vivo experiments have shown oestradiol-17α to be an important end product in the bovine, following injections of both oestrone and oestradiol-17β, the free interconvertibility of oestrone and oestradiol-17β demonstrated in the present investigation becomes significant. The findings are discussed in relation to recent observations on hormoneenzyme interrelations.
FLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF FREE PLASMA 11-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS IN MAN
Authors: De Moor Pieter , Steeno Omer , Raskin Monique , Hendrikx Achiel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A fluorimetric method for the determination of the free 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (cortisol and corticosterone) in human plasma has been described. Using a routine fluorimeter, 1–2 ml plasma samples are needed for a valid determination. The procedure is reliable as judged by the criteria of Borth (1957). One single trained technician can perform 40–50 determinations a day. Background fluorescence equivalent to about 3 μg % hydrocortisone is found; this background fluorescence does not appear to be related to plasma cholesterol. The method is designed primarily to study the dynamics of adrenocortical function in a given individual and can be of help as an emergency screening test (a determination can be done in one hour) in cases of suspected adrenocortical dysfunction.
ELIMINATION OF ENDOGENOUS CORTICOSTEROIDS IN VIVO
Authors: Bojesen Ejgil , Egense Johan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In experiments with the anaesthetized and acutely adrenalectomized cat it has been shown that the endogenous corticosteroids, cortisol and corticosterone are eliminated at the unstimulated normal level at a rate proportional to the plasma concentration. Hepatectomy prolonged the half life by a factor of about two (from 35 ± 8.6 to 79 ± 22 min) and total abdominal evisceration abolished all true elimination. Determinations of the arteriovenous difference across the portal system gave results in accordance with these results. A few experiments suggested that the intestine is responsible for the main part of the extrahepatic elimination. In experiments with the perfused isolated hindquarter preparation it was impossible to demonstrate any elimination of corticosteroids in spite of electrical stimulation or the administration of large amounts of insulin.
CONN'S SYNDROME: THE EFFECT OF AMPHENONE
Authors: Hoet Joseph J. , Molineaux Louis 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of primary aldosteronism is described which was associated with a marked left kidney atrophy. This patient showed hypertension, hypokalaemia, hypochloraemic alkalosis with urinary sodium and potassium loss. The inhibition of aldosterone secretion by the administration of amphenone and the associated changes in the urinary and blood electrolytes made it possible to focus attention to the mineralocorticoid secretion of the adrenal in this case, since it induced a reversion to normal of the abnormal biochemical blood picture. The patient died suddenly of a cerebrovascular accident. At autopsy, a left adrenal adenoma, weighing 13 g, mainly containing cells resembling those of the zona glomerulosa, was found.
35S-AUTORADIOGRAPHY OF THE RETROBULBAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND HARDER'S GLAND IN THYROTROPHIN-STIMULATED GUINEA-PIGS
Authors: Wegelius Otto , Lamberg B.-A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The localization of 35S-labelled sulphate in the retrobulbar connective tissue and Harder's glands of untreated and thyrotrophin stimulated guinea-pigs was autoradiographically determined. Uptake of sulphate was observed in the mast cells, in the metachromatic connective tissue ground substance, in the cells of Harder's gland, and in the secretion of the latter of untreated as well as of stimulated animals. The secretory activity seemed to be due to thyrotrophic hormone stimulation.
THE NEUTRAL 17-KETOSTEROID EXCRETION DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Huis in 't Veld L. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of Zimmermann chromogens was determined during 3 menstrual cycles in a woman with regular menstruation, suffering from Addison's disease following bilateral adrenalectomy. The 3 cycles investigated were normal (ovulatory) according to the conventional criteria. The medication given (DOCA, deoxycorticosterone-trimethyl-acetate (DOCTA), cortisone) gave rise to the excretion of small quantities of pregnanediol, pregnanolones and 11-oxygenated 17-ketosteroids in the urine. The progesterone produced in the corpus luteum gave rise to urinary excretion of pregnanediol and probably pregnanolones.
The results obtained indicate that the ovarian secretion of precursors of 17-ketosteroids (17-hydroxyprogesterone and androst-4-en-3,17-dione) must be exceedingly small. No findings were obtained which indicate the existence of cyclic fluctuations in the ovarian secretion of precursors of neutral 17-ketosteroids.
COMPARISON OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF OESTROGEN ON THE VAGINAL CYTOLOGY IN GONADAL DYSGENESIS AND AFTER OOPHORECTOMY
Authors: Hortling H. , Hiisi-Brummer Leila 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The vaginal cytology was compared in cases of gonadal dysgenesis and in surgically castrated women. In the castrated women a moderate oestrogen effect was observed in the vaginal smear, but this was not as a rule seen in the smears of the patients suffering from gonadal dysgenesis. The possible cause of this discrepancy is discussed.
CROSS-OVER DESIGNS IN THE BIOASSAY OF CORTICOTROPHIN
Authors: Lyng Jørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relevant data from 28 subcutaneous triplet cross-over assays of corticotrophin are given.
The possible advantage of a twin cross-over design for the »in vitro« standardization of corticotrophin has been investigated, and it is concluded, that when the randomization of the adrenal tissue has been properly performed, there will be no advantage in this design.
An attempt has been made to do an »in vitro« cross-over assay of corticotrophin without mixing the glands. The efficiency of the design is shown, but it is concluded that it is not effective enough to eliminate the effect of the highly heterogeneous material.
STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI
Authors: Krusius F.-E. , Peltola P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect.
In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance.
In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls.
Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.
TREATMENT OF POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS WITH OESTROGENS AND ANDROGENS
Authors: Hernberg C. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fifteen patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and 51 postmenopausal women without osteoporosis were subjected to intermittent treatment with oestrogens and androgens during 2 to 8 years.
In the patients with osteoporosis there was prior to treatment a considerable loss of height which ceased more or less during therapy.
In the nonosteoporotic postmenopausal women there was a negligible reduction in height during treatment in comparison to control cases of the same age group.
ÜBER DIE BEZIEHUNGEN ZWISCHEN DEM THYREOIDALEN UND PERIPHEREN JODSTOFFWECHSEL BEI SCHILDDRÜSENGESUNDEN UND HYPERTHYREOSEN
Authors: Klein Erich 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 28 euthyroid persons and 22 patients with hyperthyroidism several data of thyroidal and peripheral iodine metabolism were measured. A normal thyroxine/triiodothyronine-ratio of 100/0–85/15 has been found. With increasing age the turnover of iodine by the thyroid gland and the peripheral turnover of thyroxine proved to be accelerated, whereas the protein bound iodine in blood remained unchanged. Most hyperthyreotic patients showed an altered ratio of hormone secretion. The greater the amount of thyrogenic triiodothyronine in blood the slower was the thyroidal conversion of 131I to organically bound iodine (PB131I), and the smaller were the extrathyroidal organic iodine, the hormonal iodine in blood, the daily turnover of hormonal iodine and the oxygen consumption. The relations between the several data are explained by use of a 5 compartment modell of iodine metabolism.
TROPHIC HORMONE CONTENT OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND IN NORMAL AND CASTRATE MALE DOGS
Authors: Davidson Julian M. , Contopoulos Alexander N. , Ganong William F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pituitary FSH, ICSH, and TSH activities of intact and castrate male dogs were assayed in hypophysectomized immature female rats by determining the minimum amount of anterior pituitary tissue necessary to produce a response characteristic of each of these hormones. In intact dogs only, pituitary ACTH and GH content were also determined. The minimum effective doses obtained for intact dogs in fractions of anterior pituitary were: FSH – 1.5, ICSH – 0.25, TSH – 0.016, ACTH – 0.025, GH – 0.125. Castration had no significant effect on TSH content, but resulted in a sixteen-fold increase in FSH content and a two-fold increase in ICSH content of the pituitary gland.
SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS WITH ELEVATED SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE LEVEL
Authors: Vogt Jörgen Herman 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of subacute thyroiditis is recorded, in which a transient rise in serum alkaline phosphatase values leads to the hypothesis of a transient parathyroid hyper-activity induced by the inflammation of the thyroid tissue in which the parathyroid may be embedded.
RENAL FUNCTION IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: Osler Mogens 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Investigations into the glomerular filtration rate, water, electrolyte and nitrogen excretion as well as the specific gravity and osmolarity of the urine were carried out on a series of 14 diab. infants (infants born to diabetic mothers), 10 normal full-term infants and 4 premature infants during the first 2–3 days after birth.
Glomerular filtration rate was found to be low immediately after birth, but of the same order of magnitude in diab. infants and normal infants. Both diab. infants and premature infants have a high water, electrolyte, and nitrogen excretion as compared with normal infants, but diab. infants excrete more water per unit of nitrogen during the first 24 hours of life than do premature infants. The urine of diab. infants has a high specific gravity, but a rather low osmolarity, indicating a content of high-molecular substances.
It is emphasized that the composition of the urine merely gives an indirect picture of the metabolic processes in the body, but as a supplement to other investigations, urinalysis during the first few days of life may facilitate the elucidation of the body composition of the newborn infant and the metabolic adjustments during the first few days of life.
The present studies appear to confirm that at birth premature infants have small glycogen and fat depots and thus have to utilize their own body protein during the first few days after birth and that diab. infants, like the premature infants, burn protein, but in addition also glycogen during the first 24 hours of life.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE RESULTS OF F. S. H.-MEASUREMENTS IN HYPOPHYSES OF RATS WITH EXTRACTION AND IMPLANTATION TECHNIQUES RESPECTIVELY
Authors: Paesi F. J. A. , van Rees G. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The F. S. H.-content of the hypophyses of intact testosterone-treated female rats is much higher than that of control animals. No such difference, however, is found if the glands are implanted intraperitoneally instead of being homogenized and extracted.
In ovariectomized females a significant increase in the pituitary F. S. H.-content is noted under the influence of testosterone (hypophysis extracts), but a decreased F. S. H.-effect after implantation.
Oestradiol markedly decreases the pituitary F. S. H.-content in spayed females (hypophyses homogenized and extracted). The difference with control glands appears much smaller, however, after intraperitoneal implantation.
These discrepancies between the results of the two methods of administration are best explained by assuming that testosterone inhibits and oestrogen promotes the »release« of F. S. H. from the hypophyseal cells.
Evidence is advanced in favour of the existence of similar influences of sex hormones in the intact rat, on the pituitary gland in situ.
CHROMOSOMENBEFUNDE BEIM ECHTEN KLINEFELTER-SYNDROM
Authors: Nowakowski H. , Lenz W. , Bergman S. , Reitalu J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Chromosome analysis in 13 patients with true Klinefelter's syndrome revealed in the majority of the cases a variation of the typical number of 47 chromosomes characteristic for the disease. The deviation varied in positive or negative direction or both, that is, in addition to the typical complement of 47 chromosomes the number ranged between 45 and 49. Clinically there was a pronounced correlation between the pathologic karyotypes and the low intelligence of the patients.
PLASMA LEVEL OF GROWTH HORMONE AND CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT IN FOUR PATIENTS WITH GONADAL DYSGENESIS (TURNER'S SYNDROME)
Authors: Fraccaro Marco , Gemzell Carl A. , Lindsten Jan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Elevated levels of growth hormone (GH) were found in the plasma of four patients with Turner's syndrome.
The somatic chromosome complement of these patients was determined by using a cell culture method.
Bone marrow cells from three patients had 45 chromosomes instead of the normal number of 46. The missing chromosome is all probability one of the two X chromosomes. These subjects have therefore a sex chromosome constitution of the XO type.
The fourth patient had a complement of 45 chromosomes in the skin cells but in bone marrow cultures cells with 45 and 46 chromosomes were found. During successive transfers in vitro the cells with 46 chromosomes outnumbered those with 45.
It is assumed that in these patients the production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland is normal but a target system, as yet unidentified, is defective or absent.
ÜBER DIE WIRKUNG PHARMAKOLOGISCHER OXYTOCINDOSEN AUF DIE MILCHDRÜSE
Authors: Berde B. , Cerletti A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study was made of the influence of pharmacological amounts of synthetic oxytocin (»Syntocinon«) on the lactating mammary gland of the rabbit. The drug was given by intravenous infusion, by intramuscular injection and by intranasal administration.
Two different types of reaction were noted: a tonic reaction, i. e. a lasting increase in pressure in the mammary gland without significant fluctuations, or a rhythmic reaction, i. e. a series of increases in pressure at more or less regular intervals.
In order to elicit reactions approximately identical in intensity and character with those produced by intravenous infusion, it was necessary to give approximately 1.5 to 8.0 times as much by intramuscular injection and approximately 10 to 100 times as much by intranasal administration.
Intravenous administration of adrenaline transiently suppressed a long-lasting reaction to oxytocin.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PROTEIN-BOUND SULFHYDRYL GROUPS AND THYROID ACTIVITY
Authors: Hopsu Väinö K. , Heikkilä K. J. , Härkönen M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twelve guinea-pigs treated with methylthiouracil for periods varying from 1 to 4 weeks and 8 untreated controls served as material. The thyroid glands were weighed and the relative amounts of epithelium, colloid and interstitial tissue determined by area sampling. The protein-bound sulf-hydryl groups were studied chemically and histochemically.
During treatment with methylthiouracil the weight, the proportion of the epithelial tissue, and the concentration of sulfhydryl groups in the thyroid glands increased proportionally with the duration of the treatment. The ratio of SH-groups to epithelium content did not alter, i. e. the concentration of the sulfhydryl groups in the epithelium remained unchanged. The same observation was confirmed with the histochemical methods.
THE EFFECT OF CORTISONE ON CARDIOVASCULAR SCLEROSIS INDUCED IN RATS WITH CHOLESTEROL AND VITAMIN D
Authors: Vanha-Perttula T. P. J. , Näätänen E. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The authors have studied the effect of cortisone on rats fed 3.5 % cholesterol and 0.01 % vitamin D3, together or separately as part of the regular diet for a period of 100 days. The dose of cortisone was at first 2.5 mg but was reduced after thirty days to 1 mg/day. Particular attention was paid both macroscopically and histologically to any changes observed in the cardiovascular system.
The study showed that, when administered alone cortisone in the doses used is not capable of inducing any changes characteristic of sclerosis in the walls of the arteries or in the heart. When cholesterol had been added to the diet, it was noted that after some time slight degenerative changes occurred in the elastic fiber structure of the aorta among both the female and male rats. The feeding of cholesterol alone had not led to changes in the walls of the blood vessels in previously performed experiments.
The addition of large doses of vitamin D3 to the basic diet however caused a massive Mönckeberg-type mediasclerosis. With the addition of cortisone, these changes developed more rapidly and spread over a more extensive area. The mediasclerosis was then also accompanied by local, reactive proliferative formations in the intima, subendocardial fibrosis, necrosis and calcification of the myocardium. In the coronary arteries, accumulation of calcium in the media, occlusions and thromboses were found. Cartilaginous metaplasia and dissecting aneurysms were observed in the aorta.
ERREGUNGSPHYSIOLOGISCHE REGELWIRKUNGEN VON 17β-OESTRADIOL AM MYOMETRIUM
Authors: Jung Hugo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Investigations have been carried out as to the effect of 17β-oestradiol on the mechanism of excitation of the single uterine muscle fibre of spayed rats. In preliminary experiments aqueous solutions of oestradiol monophosphate and oestrone sulphate succeded in the inhibition of the frequency of contraction, of the amplitude and of the tonus of the uterus in noncastrated rats. Preceding this effect there was a short transient increase of the amplitude lasting for one or two contractions.
Action potentials of the uterus disappear in spayed animals as do the two kinds of shortening of the hormonal stimulated uterus. While the normal uterus has a tonic system, which is induced by the membrane potential and a phasic system, stimulated by tetanic excitements, the uterus of castrated rats exhibits flat, tonic contractions maintained by fluctuations of the membrane potential. This potential has a mean value of −57.3± 1.2 mV.
The membrane potential increases to −75.4 ±1.4 mV after treatment with 2.5 μg oestradiol-3-monophosphate for 10 days. Higher doses as 10 or 50 μg oestradiol are not able to increase the potential to any further extent. Therefore we can demonstrate a steep decline in the dose-effect relationship between 0.0 and 0.4 μg oestradiol. After treatment with the hormone the uterus comes into a position to form action potentials. Therefore the Na-carrier system of the muscle fibre must be depending on oestrogens. The amplitude of the action potentials, however, is still smaller than in pregnancy. The spontaneous fluctuations of the membrane potential of castrated animals are suppressed by a membrane stabilizing effect of oestradiol.