bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Of Mice and Men: Behavioral Medicine in the Study of Type II Diabetes
Authors: Surwit Richard S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The development of a research program in behavioral medicine is reviewed from an historical perspective. Initial studies dealing with the effects of stress management on diabetes control are summarized. Questions raised by these studies led to a switch from human to animal studies. Results from these animal studies suggested that glucose responses to stress are characteristic of individuals predisposed to developing Type II diabetes. This hypothesis was then tested in humans. These studies led to the hypothesis that, while stress responsivity may be a marker for the development of diabetes, dietary effects on the sympathetic nervous system may be responsible for eventual appearance of the disease. Additionally, the development of a new animal model of Type II diabetes allowed new insights into the relationship of obesity and insulin resistance with the development of the disease itself. The evolution of this research program from one focused on behavioral variables to one with a more basic biological orientation is emphasized.
Prognostic Significance of Silent Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Trauner Michael A. , Jiang Wei , Blumenthal James A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Transient myocardial ischemia (TMI), a condition in which blood flow to the heart is temporarily restricted, has been recognized as an important measure of cardiovascular disease activity. Episodes of TMI are associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiac events, are relatively common in patients with coronary artery disease, and are predominantly asymptomatic. These asymptomatic episodes of TMI, which may be triggered by strenuous physical activity or by daily activities involving little physical effort, represent a condition known as silent myocardial ischemia (SMI). Although the unfavorable prognosis associated with symptom-related TMI, commonly referred to as angina pectoris (AP), has been well studied, the independent prognostic value of SMI has not been adequately addressed. Some studies have reported that SMI has independent prognostic significance, while other studies have concluded that the prognostic significance of TMI is the same whether it is SMI or AP. Methodological limitations of past research, including poorly defined patient characteristics, inadequately defined TMI, and insufficient follow-up periods, have contributed to conflicting results. This review examines the prognostic importance of TMI and specifically addresses the independent contribution of SMI over and above that of AP.
Family Influences on the Course of Chronic Illness: a Cognitive-Behavioral Transactional Model
Authors: Kerns Robert D. , Weiss Laura H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Refinements in a social learning perspective on the role of the family in the adaptation and adjustment of chronically ill individuals have been proposed and empirical tests of the validity of the model are beginning to be described. This article will describe an integrative cognitive-behavioral transactional model of family functioning that informs research on the influence of the family on the course of chronic disease. A rapidly evolving literature in the area of chronic pain is offered as an example of work based in part on this model. Suggestions for generalization of the model across the chronic illness domain are made.
The Impact of Chronic Illness on Families: a Family Systems Perspective
Authors: Patterson Joan M. , Garwick Ann W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, a family systems theoretical framework is described for understanding the reciprocal relationships between chronic illness in a family member and the structure and functioning of the family system. The reciprocal impacts between the illness, individual development, and family functioning continue dynamically in a circular pattern of effects over time. Well-adapted families are able to achieve balanced functioning by developing and maintaining their capabilities (resources and coping behaviors) for meeting the continually changing demands (stressors, strains, hassles, chronic illness hardships) they face. This effort to achieve balance is influenced by the meanings families attribute to their situation, as well as to their own identity as a family unit, and to their view of the world. Successful adaptation to chronic illness can best be promoted by focusing on the family system as the unit of intervention. When the family is healthy, the person with chronic illness does better. Families should be encouraged to balance illness needs with other family needs using a style of functioning that is consistent with their existing lifestyle and values.
Personality and Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors
Authors: Siegler Ilene C. , Costa Paul T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This review examines findings on the relationship between personality and breast cancer screening behaviors. Because the literature is limited, data from the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study (UNCAHS) are presented showing the associations between personality measured by the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and mammography and breast self-examination.
Meta-Analysis of the Associations between Social Support and Health Outcomes
Authors: Smith Carol E. , Fernengel Karen , Holcroft Carolyn , Gerald Ken , Marien Lydia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this review was to determine the effect of different types of social support on physical, psychological, and stress-related health outcomes. Meta-analysis was used to aggregate research findings across sixty published and seven unpublished studies with 11 to 3,725 subjects per study. Study results were grouped according to operationally defined categories of social support and types of health outcomes. Data from these studies were then standardized, weighted by sample size, and effect size calculated. Effect size results of the grouped studies of social support and types of health outcomes ranged from –.02 to .22. Effect size results were equivalent when comparing studies grouped by gender of subjects, longitudinal versus cross-sectional design, and high or low quality (as rated on internal and external design validity). These effect size results between social support and the health outcomes measured indicate small amounts of shared variance that may not be considered significant nor generalizable. Conceptual and methodological issues that may have contributed to small effect size results are described herein. These findings counter the generally held assumptions that social support is associated with improved health outcomes. The need for continued research into the negative aspects of social support and suggestions for further refinement of a situation-specific support paradigm are offered.
Safety and quality of parenteral nutrition: Areas for improvement and future perspectives
Authors: Monczka Jessica , Ayers Phil , Berger Mette M , Wischmeyer Paul E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This article is based on presentations and discussions held at the International Safety and Quality of Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Summit (held November 8-10, 2021, at Charleston, SC, and Bad Homburg, Germany) and aims to raise awareness concerning unresolved issues associated with the PN process and potential future directions, including a greater emphasis on patients’ perspectives and the role of patient support.

Summary
Ensuring that every patient in need receives adequate PN support remains challenging. It is important to have a standardized approach to identify nutritional risk and requirements using validated nutritional screening and assessment tools. Gaps between optimal and actual clinical practices need to be identified and closed, and responsibilities in the nutrition support team clarified. Use of modern technology opens up opportunities to decrease workloads or liberate resources, allowing a more personalized care approach. Patient-centered care has gained in importance and is an emerging topic within clinical nutrition, in part because patients often have different priorities and concerns than healthcare professionals. Regular assessment of health-related quality of life, functional outcomes, and/or overall patient well-being should all be performed for PN patients. This will generate patient-centric data, which should be integrated into care plans. Finally, communication and patient education are prerequisites for patients’ commitment to health and for fostering adherence to PN regimes.

Conclusion
Moving closer to optimal nutritional care requires input from healthcare professionals and patients. Patient-centered care and greater emphasis on patient perspectives and priorities within clinical nutrition are essential to help further improve clinical nutrition.
V—Wise Trust
Authors: Jones Karen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Justified trust is rationally permitted trust; wise trust is excellent trust. Excellent (dis)trust is always justified (dis)trust, but the reverse is not true. You can be justified in distrusting someone and yet it be wise for you to trust. Contrary to folk saying, wisdom does not favour distrust ahead of trust. This paper explores what it takes to be wise in entering, maintaining, modifying and exiting trust relations. Wisdom is socially scaffolded, including by distributed networks of distrust that make local trust wise.
Systematic review of targeted axillary dissection in node-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy: variation in type of marker and timing of placement
Authors: de Wild Sabine R , Koppert Linetta B , van Nijnatten Thiemo J A , Kooreman Loes F S , Vrancken Peeters Marie-Jeanne T F D , Smidt Marjolein L , Simons Janine M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
In node-positive (cN+) breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy, combining sentinel lymph node biopsy and targeted lymph node excision, that is targeted axillary dissection, increases accuracy. Targeted axillary dissection procedures differ in terms of the targeted lymph node excision technique. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of targeted axillary dissection procedures regarding definitive marker type and timing of placement: before neoadjuvant systemic therapy (1-step procedure) or after neoadjuvant systemic therapy adjacent to a clip placed before the neoadjuvant therapy (2-step procedure).

Methods
PubMed and Embase were searched, to 4 July 2023, for RCTs, cohort studies, and case–control studies with at least 25 patients. Studies of targeted lymph node excision only (without sentinel lymph node biopsy), or where intraoperative localization of the targeted lymph node was not attempted, were excluded. For qualitative synthesis, studies were grouped by definitive marker and timing of placement. The targeted lymph node identification rate was reported. Study quality was assessed using a National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool.

Results
Of 277 unique records, 51 studies with a total of 4512 patients were included. Six definitive markers were identified: wire, 125I-labelled seed, 99mTc, (electro)magnetic/radiofrequency markers, black ink, and a clip. Fifteen studies evaluated one-step procedures, with the identification rate of the targeted lymph node at surgery varying from 8 of 13 to 47 of 47. Forty-one studies evaluated two-step procedures, with the identification rate of the clipped targeted lymph node on imaging after neoadjuvant systemic therapy varying from 49 to 100%, and the identification rate of the targeted lymph node at surgery from 17 of 24 to 100%. Most studies (40 of 51) were rated as being of fair quality.

Conclusion
Various targeted axillary dissection procedures are used in clinical practice. Owing to study heterogeneity, the optimal targeted lymph node excision technique in terms of identification rate and feasibility could not be determined. Two-step procedures are at risk of not identifying the clipped targeted lymph node on imaging after neoadjuvant systemic therapy.
Impact of type 2 diabetes on complications after primary breast cancer surgery: Danish population-based cohort study
Authors: Kjærgaard Kasper , Wheler Jannik , Dihge Looket , Christiansen Peer , Borgquist Signe , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Knowledge is sparse on the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on surgical outcomes after breast cancer surgery. This study investigated the association between T2D and risk of complications after primary breast cancer surgery, and evaluated the biological interaction between T2D and co-morbidities.

Methods
Using the Danish Breast Cancer Group clinical database, a cohort of all Danish women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer during 1996–2022 was created. All patients underwent mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery. Information on prevalent T2D was collected from Danish medical and prescription registries. Surgical complications were defined as hospital diagnoses for medical or surgical complications developing within 30 days after primary breast cancer surgery. The 30-day cumulative incidence proportion of complications was calculated, and Cox regression was used to estimate HRs. Interaction contrasts were computed to determine the additive interaction between T2D and co-morbidities on the incidence rate of complications.

Results
Among 98 589 women with breast cancer, 6332 (6.4%) had T2D at breast cancer surgery. Overall, 1038 (16.4%) and 9861 (10.7%) women with and without T2D developed surgical complications, yielding cumulative incidence proportions of 16 (95% c.i. 15 to 17) and 11 (10 to 11)% respectively, and a HR of 1.43 (95% c.i. 1.34 to 1.53). The incidence rate of surgical complications explained by the interaction of T2D with moderate and severe co-morbidity was 21 and 42%, respectively.

Conclusion
Women with breast cancer and T2D had a higher risk of complications after primary breast cancer surgery than those without T2D. A synergistic effect of T2D and co-morbidity on surgical complications can explain this association.
Association of abnormal explicit sense of agency with cerebellar impairment in myoclonus-dystonia
Authors: Tarrano Clément , Galléa Cécile , Delorme Cécile , McGovern Eavan M , Atkinson-Clement Cyril , Barnham Isaac Jarratt , Brochard Vanessa , Thobois Stéphane , Tranchant Christine , Grabli David , Degos Bertrand , Corvol Jean Christophe , Pedespan Jean-Michel , Krystkowiak Pierre , Houeto Jean-Luc , Degardin Adrian , Defebvre Luc , Valabrègue Romain , Beranger Benoit , Apartis Emmanuelle , Vidailhet Marie , Roze Emmanuel , Worbe Yulia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Non-motor aspects in dystonia are now well recognized. The sense of agency, which refers to the experience of controlling one's own actions, has been scarcely studied in dystonia, even though its disturbances can contribute to movement disorders. Among various brain structures, the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, and the basal ganglia are involved in shaping the sense of agency. In myoclonus dystonia, resulting from a dysfunction of the motor network, an altered sense of agency may contribute to the clinical phenotype of the condition. In this study, we compared the explicit and implicit sense of agency in patients with myoclonus dystonia caused by a pathogenic variant of SGCE (DYT-SGCE) and control participants. We utilized behavioural tasks to assess the sense of agency and performed neuroimaging analyses, including structural, resting-state functional connectivity, and dynamic causal modelling, to explore the relevant brain regions involved in the sense of agency. Additionally, we examined the relationship between behavioural performance, symptom severity, and neuroimaging findings. We compared 19 patients with DYT-SGCE and 24 healthy volunteers. Our findings revealed that patients with myoclonus-dystonia exhibited a specific impairment in explicit sense of agency, particularly when implicit motor learning was involved. However, their implicit sense of agency remained intact. These patients also displayed grey-matter abnormalities in the motor cerebellum, as well as increased functional connectivity between the cerebellum and pre-supplementary motor area. Dynamic causal modelling analysis further identified reduced inhibitory effects of the cerebellum on the pre-supplementary motor area, decreased excitatory effects of the pre-supplementary motor area on the cerebellum, and increased self-inhibition within the pre-supplementary motor area. Importantly, both cerebellar grey-matter alterations and functional connectivity abnormalities between the cerebellum and pre-supplementary motor area were found to correlate with explicit sense of agency impairment. Increased self-inhibition within the pre-supplementary motor area was associated with less severe myoclonus symptoms. These findings highlight the disruption of higher-level cognitive processes in patients with myoclonus-dystonia, further expanding the spectrum of neurological and psychiatric dysfunction already identified in this disorder.
Molecular diversity in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type glioblastoma
Authors: Fares Jawad , Wan Yizhou , Mair Richard , Price Stephen J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the dynamic landscape of glioblastoma, the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System tumours endeavoured to establish biological homogeneity, yet isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type (IDH-wt) glioblastoma persists as a tapestry of clinical and molecular diversity. Intertumoural heterogeneity in IDH-wt glioblastoma presents a formidable challenge in treatment strategies. Recent strides in genetics and molecular biology have enhanced diagnostic precision, revealing distinct subtypes and invasive patterns that influence survival in patients with IDH-wt glioblastoma. Genetic and molecular biomarkers, such as the overexpression of neurofibromin 1, phosphatase and tensin homolog and/or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, along with specific immune cell abundance and neurotransmitters, correlate with favourable outcomes. Conversely, increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and/or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, coupled with the prevalence of glioma stem cells, tumour-associated myeloid cells, regulatory T cells and exhausted effector cells, signifies an unfavourable prognosis. The methylation status of O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase and the influence of microenvironmental factors and neurotransmitters further shape treatment responses. Understanding intertumoural heterogeneity is complemented by insights into intratumoural dynamics and cellular interactions within the tumour microenvironment. Glioma stem cells and immune cell composition significantly impact progression and outcomes, emphasizing the need for personalized therapies targeting pro-tumoural signalling pathways and resistance mechanisms. A successful glioblastoma management demands biomarker identification, combination therapies and a nuanced approach considering intratumoural variability. These advancements herald a transformative era in glioblastoma comprehension and treatment.
Drug-induced myocarditis precipitated by amlodipine overdose: a case report
Authors: Skaria Maria , Hoey Edward , Watkin Richard , Skaria Binoy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Amlodipine is the most commonly prescribed calcium channel blocker (CCB), used in the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular conditions. Calcium channel blockers remain a well-established cause of cardiovascular drug overdose. We present the case of an intentional overdose with 250 mg of amlodipine resulting in acute left ventricular dysfunction and myocarditis.

Case summary
A 46-year-old man with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department 8 h after intentionally ingesting 250 mg of amlodipine. Although initially asymptomatic with unremarkable physical examination, the patient developed progressively worsening dyspnoea over the next 2 days. Subsequent findings from chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were consistent with a diffuse myocarditis process with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The patient was managed with diuretics and discharged once stable.

Discussion
Our case highlights myocarditis as a potential complication of CCB overdose. Amlodipine is the most commonly prescribed CCB and is associated with cardiac toxicity at high doses. The long duration of action and high volume of distribution of amlodipine further increase the risk of morbidity and mortality from overdose. Known cardiac complications of amlodipine overdose include bradycardia, myocardial depression, and pulmonary oedema secondary to heart failure; however, diffuse myocarditis is a complication that has not previously been described in the literature. The mechanism of development of this complication remains unclear.
Business creation during COVID-19
Authors: Bahaj Saleem , Piton Sophie , Savagar Anthony 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Using UK data, we present greater empirical detail on the puzzling firm dynamics that emerged during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We show that firm entry increased during the pandemic across several countries, and this contrasts with typical recessions where firm entry declines. Additionally, the rise in firm entry is driven by individual entrepreneurs creating companies for the first time, particularly in online retail. We find evidence that firm creation responded significantly to declines in retail footfall and that firms created during the pandemic are more likely to exit and less likely to post jobs. Overall, this implies that despite surging firm creation during the pandemic, the overall employment effect is limited. Finally, we find that the primary contributor to limited employment creation is the shift in ownership composition of new entrants during COVID.
Automated isochronal late activation mapping for substrate characterization in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Arana-Rueda Eduardo , Acosta Juan , Frutos-López Manuel , Sánchez-Brotons Juan-Antonio , González de la Portilla-Concha Carmen , Gallego Pastora , Pedrote Alonso 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Slow conduction (SC) anatomical isthmuses (AIs) are the dominant substrate for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTF). This study aimed to evaluate the utility of automated propagational analysis for the identification of SC-AI in patients with rTF.

Methods and results
Consecutive rTF patients undergoing VT substrate characterization were included. Automated isochronal late activation maps (ILAM) were obtained with multielectrode HD Grid Catheter. Identified deceleration zones (DZs) were compared with both SC-AI defined by conduction velocity (CV) (&lt;0.5 m/s) and isthmuses of induced VT for mechanistic correlation. Fourteen patients were included (age 48; p25–75 35–52 years; 57% male), 2 with spontaneous VT and 12 for risk stratification. Nine VTs were inducible in seven patients. Procedure time was 140 (p25–75 133–180) min and mapping time 29.5 (p25–75 20–37.7) min, using a median of 2167 points. All the patients had at least one AI by substrate mapping, identifying a total of 27 (11 SC-AIs). Isochronal late activation maps detected 10 DZs mostly in the AI between ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve (80%). Five patients had no DZs. A significant negative correlation between number of isochrones/cm and CV was observed (rho −0.87; P &lt; 0.001). Deceleration zones correctly identified SC-AI (90% sensitivity; 100% specificity; 0.94 accuracy) and was related to VT inducibility (P = 0.006). Deceleration zones co-localized to the critical isthmus of induced VTs in 88% of cases. No complications were observed.

Conclusion
Deceleration zones displayed by ILAM during sinus rhythm accurately identify SC-AIs in rTF patients allowing a safe and short-time VT substrate characterization procedure.