bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-throughput microfluidic production of carbon capture microcapsules: fundamentals, applications, and perspectives
Authors: Liu Xiangdong , Gao Wei , Lu Yue , Wu Liangyu , Chen Yongping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the last three decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources. To address this pressing issue, the importance of reducing CO2 emissions has grown, leading to increased attention toward carbon capture, utilization, and storage strategies. Among these strategies, monodisperse microcapsules, produced by using droplet microfluidics, have emerged as promising tools for carbon capture, offering a potential solution to mitigate CO2 emissions. However, the limited yield of microcapsules due to the inherent low flow rate in droplet microfluidics remains a challenge. In this comprehensive review, the high-throughput production of carbon capture microcapsules using droplet microfluidics is focused on. Specifically, the detailed insights into microfluidic chip fabrication technologies, the microfluidic generation of emulsion droplets, along with the associated hydrodynamic considerations, and the generation of carbon capture microcapsules through droplet microfluidics are provided. This review highlights the substantial potential of droplet microfluidics as a promising technique for large-scale carbon capture microcapsule production, which could play a significant role in achieving carbon neutralization and emission reduction goals.
Anti-lock braking system control design using a non-linear multi-body dynamic model for a two wheeled vehicle
Authors: Khadr Aymen , Houidi Ajmi , Romdhane Lotfi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the design of an Antilock Braking System for a Two Wheeled Vehicle using a non-linear multi-body dynamic model developed by an approach widely used in robotics. The Antilock Braking System is controlled using Matlab/Simulink by applying the Bang-Bang, Proportional-Integral-Derivative and Fuzzy Logic controllers in order to set the longitudinal slip to a desired value. The developed model is used to study the braking performances of a Two Wheeled Vehicle in a straight-line maneuver under different road conditions: dry, wet and a transition between both. The simulation results indicate that the non-linear dynamic model can effectively simulate the behavior of the Two Wheeled Vehicle under emergency braking conditions and with the different types of controllers. The braking performance of the Two Wheeled Vehicle with Antilock Braking System was improved by decreasing the stopping distance, avoiding wheel lockup and therefore contributes to ensure the vehicle control and stability and to reduce the risk of falling. Also, it can be seen through comparative analysis that the Fuzzy logic is one of the most efficient controllers that improve the braking safety.
Population Estimates
Authors: Sinner Alejandro , Carreras Cèsar , Houten Pieter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPopulation studies in archaeology rely on various methodological approaches, including the analysis of architectural remains, cemeteries, and field surveys. Chapter 3 of the book focuses on the different methods, formulae, and variables used to calculate population densities in both rural and urban areas. The chapter discusses the limitations and possibilities of different methods. It also presents a bottom-up approach that highlights the need for a more regional approach to the calculation of population densities to better reflect the reality of antiquity, taking into account factors such as climate, culture, or living standards that can affect individual or family living space. The chapter ends discussing the importance of archaeological field survey data to calculate rural densities and how these data can later be compared with historical sources such as Pliny’s statements about population densities in specific regions of the province.
Population, Urbanization, and Settlement Patterns in the Late Iron Age
Authors: Sinner Alejandro , Carreras Cèsar , Houten Pieter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChapter 4 uses a methodological approach to estimate the population of Iron Age settlements (oppida) in the territory under study, as well as to identify urbanization ratios and settlement patterns. The chapter also addresses the challenges faced while working with Iron Age data, such as the lack of a complete sample of cities and the difficulty of determining which settlements should be classified as urban, secondary agglomerations, or rural sites. The chapter also employs rank-size analysis, which is a method used to evaluate whether city sizes display regularities that indicate a hierarchy related to territorial and/or political control, and employs this method to analyse a large sample of sites from each Iron Age group individually. This approach provides a new perspective on the similarities and differences between the settlement hierarchies and political systems of different Iron Age groups in the Iberian peninsula.
Household Finance
Authors: Deaves Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Household Finance: An Introduction to Individual Financial Behavior is about how individuals make financial decisions and how these financial decisions contribute to and detract from their well-being. Financial decision makers must plan, save, take on an appropriate amount of risk, insure assets when needed, handle debt appropriately, and invest, either on their own or through delegating portfolio management. These and other decisions are covered, both in the normative sense (i.e., what is best) based on conventional financial theory and in the positive sense (i.e., what is actually done) based on observing behavior. Household finance thus covers both modern finance and behavioral finance at the level of the household decision-making unit. While modern finance builds models of behavior and markets based on strong assumptions such as the rationality of decision makers, behavioral finance is based on the view that sometimes people behave in a less-than-fully-rational fashion when making financial decisions. Important puzzles and issues are addressed, such as financial illiteracy, whether education and advice can improve outcomes, intertemporal consumption optimization, consumption smoothing, optimal dynamic risk-taking, the stock market participation puzzle, the credit card debt puzzle, anomalous insurance decisions, mortgage choices, skewness preference, investments driven by availability and attention, local and home bias, the disposition effect, optimal pension design, and improving outcomes through nudging.
Introduction
Authors: Deaves Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This introduction sets the stage for an exploration of household finance, a field that describes how individuals and households should make and actually do make financial decisions in their day to day lives. In this sense both normative and positive aspects of behavior are explored. Evidence is presented that decision-makers do not always behave in a fully rational fashion. For example, they display loss aversion in fixating on short-term losses. Furthermore, while people appropriately shy away from risk, there is an inappropriate tendency to needlessly avoid ambiguity. Such behaviors are argued to arise from evolutionary adaptation. The introduction ends by previewing the rest of the book.
Planners
Authors: Deaves Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter, after summarizing the key financial decisions that must be made by households, considers whether individuals are equipped to make them. Planners are better positioned to do so than avoiders. The same holds for those with a reasonable level of financial literacy, whether obtained by financial education or through other means. If it is well intentioned and done competently, advice can help. Unfortunately, conflicts of interest are not uncommon, inducing some financial decision makers to steer clear of advice. The chapter also explores two important personal investment decisions, the decision to obtain higher education and the owning vs. renting decision in the context of housing.
Allocators
Authors: Deaves Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on risk-taking via the asset allocation decisions that households must make. Investment funds must be assigned to asset classes, in particular domestic vs. foreign, and equity vs. fixed income. Related issues are addressed, such as the importance of international diversification and whether investors truly understand asset allocation. Risk-taking also has a dynamic dimension. As a nontheoretical beginning, a common rule of thumb suggested by financial advisors is described for risk-taking over the life cycle. But it is not a one-time decision: rebalancing must be done over time, because the appropriate risky share can change both because of market events and with the mere passage of time. Whether one might want to adjust the risky share in anticipation of rising or falling equity markets is also discussed.
Delegators
Authors: Deaves Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on two alternatives to do-it-yourself active investment, namely indexation and investment management delegation. How indexation, which is the act of replicating an index, usually a market-level index, works is described. The choice of indexation means that an investor is willing to accept average market returns and not seek to detect mispriced securities. The pros and cons of another salient option, delegating active management, are discussed. The main focus is on whether the fees charged are at least earned back in return enhancement. One useful finding is that direct sold funds tend to do a bit better than broker sold funds. The chapter ends with a look at investment best practices.
Analysis of appropriateness and safety when discharging patients on triple-antithrombotic therapies
Authors: Robichaux Taylor , Edwards Kristyn , Carter Ashley , Washington Andrea , Brooks Shelby 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To analyze the appropriateness of triple-antithrombotic therapy based on the 2020 American College of Cardiology (ACC) consensus statement while evaluating safety outcomes for patients with respect to adverse events.

Methods
A single-center, retrospective chart review was conducted using electronic medical records from December 18, 2020, to August 31, 2022. The primary endpoint was the rate of appropriateness for triple-antithrombotic therapy in patients discharged from Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport. Appropriateness was a composite endpoint extrapolated from the 2020 ACC consensus statement. For therapy to be defined as appropriate, patients had to have had the correct therapy indication, medications, dosing, and 30-day duration. Secondary safety endpoints included the percentage of patients rehospitalized at 14 and 30 days, the rate of major bleeding events, and the percentage of patients on gastrointestinal prophylaxis while on triple-antithrombotic therapy.

Results
A total of 93 patients were included in the study, of whom 31 (33%) received appropriate triple-antithrombotic therapy. Prolonged duration of triple-antithrombotic therapy was the most common reason that therapy did not meet the primary endpoint. The readmission rate due to bleeding was 2.2% at 14 days and 6.5% at 30 days. Within 30 days of initiation of triple therapy, 4.3% of patients endured major bleeding as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis and 2 patients died.

Conclusion
In this single-center study, triple-antithrombotic therapy appropriately adhered to the 2020 ACC consensus statement for one-third of patients discharged on this therapy.
The matador bug’s elaborate flags deter avian predators
Authors: Rubin Juliette J , Medina-Madrid Jorge L , Falk Jay J , Somjee Ummat 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Large, conspicuous traits frequently evolve despite increased predator attention, but in some cases, specifically to attract attention. Sexually selected traits provide some of the clearest examples of elaboration, yet natural selection can also be a powerful driver. The matador bug, Anisoscelis alipes (Hemiptera: Coreidae), has large, colorful flags on its hindlegs that, unlike many other coreid species, are not used in reproductive competition. We hypothesized that these flags either 1) warn predators of chemical defense or 2) deflect predatory attack to the removable hindlegs. We pitted matador bugs with or without flags and crickets (Acheta domesticus) with or without bug flags experimentally attached to their legs, against live motmot bird predators (Momotus subrufescens and Electron platyrhynchum). Contrary to the deflection hypothesis, almost none of the predatory strikes were directed at hindleg flags. Instead, we found support for the aposematism hypothesis: matador bug flags reduced attacks on palatable crickets but were unnecessary to prevent predator attacks against matador bugs. Palatability studies with naïve chicks (Gallus gallus) further supported a chemical defense hypothesis. Thus, these elaborate hindleg flags serve an aposematic anti-predator function, but in their absence, birds use alternative cues. These findings add to our understanding of the role of predation in driving the evolution of elaborate morphological structures.
longmixr: a tool for robust clustering of high-dimensional cross-sectional and longitudinal variables of mixed data types
Authors: Hagenberg Jonas , Budde Monika , Pandeva Teodora , Kondofersky Ivan , Schaupp Sabrina K , Theis Fabian J , Schulze Thomas G , Müller Nikola S , Heilbronner Urs , Batra Richa , Knauer-Arloth Janine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Summary
Accurate clustering of mixed data, encompassing binary, categorical, and continuous variables, is vital for effective patient stratification in clinical questionnaire analysis. To address this need, we present longmixr, a comprehensive R package providing a robust framework for clustering mixed longitudinal data using finite mixture modeling techniques. By incorporating consensus clustering, longmixr ensures reliable and stable clustering results. Moreover, the package includes a detailed vignette that facilitates cluster exploration and visualization.

Availability and implementation
The R package is freely available at https://cran.r-project.org/package=longmixr with detailed documentation, including a case vignette, at https://cellmapslab.github.io/longmixr/.
Digger: directed annotation of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor V, D, and J gene sequences and assemblies
Authors: Lees William D , Saha Swati , Yaari Gur , Watson Corey T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Summary
Knowledge of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor encoding genes is derived from high-quality genomic sequencing. High-throughput sequencing is delivering large volumes of data, and precise, high-throughput approaches to annotation are needed. Digger is an automated tool that identifies coding and regulatory regions of these genes, with results comparable to those obtained by current expert curational methods.

Availability and implementation
Digger is published under open source license at https://github.com/williamdlees/Digger and is available as a Python package and a Docker container.
scPathoQuant: a tool for efficient alignment and quantification of pathogen sequence reads from 10× single cell sequencing datasets
Authors: Whitmore Leanne S , Tisoncik-Go Jennifer , Gale Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Currently there is a lack of efficient computational pipelines/tools for conducting simultaneous genome mapping of pathogen-derived and host reads from single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) output from pathogen-infected cells. Contemporary options include processes involving multiple steps and/or running multiple computational tools, increasing user operations time.

Results
To address the need for new tools to directly map and quantify pathogen and host sequence reads from within an infected cell from scRNAseq datasets in a single operation, we have built a python package, called scPathoQuant. scPathoQuant extracts sequences that were not aligned to the primary host genome, maps them to a pathogen genome of interest (here as demonstrated for viral pathogens), quantifies total reads mapping to the entire pathogen, quantifies reads mapping to individual pathogen genes, and finally integrates pathogen sequence counts into matrix files that are used by standard single cell pipelines for downstream analyses with only one command. We demonstrate that scPathoQuant provides a scRNAseq viral and host genome-wide sequence read abundance analysis that can differentiate and define multiple viruses in a single sample scRNAseq output.

Availability and implementation
The SPQ package is available software accessible at https://github.com/galelab/scPathoQuant (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10463670) with test codes and datasets available https://github.com/galelab/Whitmore_scPathoQuant_testSets (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10463677) to serve as a resource for the community.
Morphological diversity and evolutionary changes of pollinaria in Hoya (Marsdenieae: Apocynaceae)
Authors: Kuang Yanfeng , Jia Raozhen , Rodda Michele , Zhang Jingfeng , Xia Meng , Wu Chenghou , Liao Jingping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The pollinarium morphologies of 85 species and four subspecies of Hoya were investigated in the present study. The longest pollinium was found in Hoya multiflora, the widest in H. archboldiana, and the smallest in H. bilobata. Pollinium shape showed the widest variation range of all palynological characters, and nine shapes were distinguished in this study. A pellucid margin was present in the pollinium of 84 taxa, and absent in five species. In total, 10 types of pollinarium were recognized based on the following characters: presence/absence of a pellucid margin and the caudicle wing, the ratio of corpusculum/pollinarium length, width/length of pollinium, and curving orientation of the caudicle wings. Types V and X were found in a greater number of taxa compared with the other eight types. Type V is a combination of obliquely elongate or oblong pollinium, presence of a pellucid margin and caudicle wing, and corpusculum length less than half of the pollinium. Type X combines pollinium with variable shapes, a pellucid margin, unwinged and twisted caudicle, and corpusculum with obvious lateral extensions. The characters of 46 taxa with a resolved position in the latest phylogeny of Hoya were mapped and ancestral reconstruction analysis was carried out, indicating that the presence of a pellucid margin in the pollinium, corpusculum length less than half of the pollinium, and rhomboid-shaped corpusculum with lower extensions represent the ancestral state of the genus. Clade II is characterized by the absence of a pellucid margin and twisted caudicles. Loss of the pellucid margin occurring in Clade II and sometimes in other clades is considered independent reversals to the plesiomorphic state. The presence of a pellucid margin and rhomboid corpusculum, and absence of caudicle wings characterizes Clade IV. Ancestral reconstruction analysis revealed that pollinarium type V was the ancestral state of the core lineage Clade V. The species in this clade share presence of both a pellucid margin and caudicle wing, straight caudicle, and pollinium width of 201–300 µm. Clade VI (the largest lineage) as well as Clades I and III have diverse palynological characters, but pollinarium type X and type V is probably the ancestral state of Clades VI and I, respectively.
Paroxysmal dystonia results from the loss of RIM4 in Purkinje cells
Authors: Kim Hyuntae , Melliti Nesrine , Breithausen Eva , Michel Katrin , Colomer Sara Ferrando , Poguzhelskaya Ekaterina , Nemcova Paulina , Ewell Laura , Blaess Sandra , Becker Albert , Pitsch Julika , Dietrich Dirk , Schoch Susanne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Full-length RIM1 and 2 are key components of the presynaptic active zone that ubiquitously control excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter release. Here, we report that the function of the small RIM isoform RIM4, consisting of a single C2 domain, is strikingly different from that of the long isoforms.
RIM4 is dispensable for neurotransmitter release but plays a postsynaptic, cell type-specific role in cerebellar Purkinje cells that is essential for normal motor function. In the absence of RIM4, Purkinje cell intrinsic firing is reduced and caffeine-sensitive, and dendritic integration of climbing fibre input is disturbed. Mice lacking RIM4, but not mice lacking RIM1/2, selectively in Purkinje cells exhibit a severe, hours-long paroxysmal dystonia. These episodes can also be induced by caffeine, ethanol or stress and closely resemble the deficits seen with mutations of the PNKD (paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dystonia) gene.
Our data reveal essential postsynaptic functions of RIM proteins and show non-overlapping specialized functions of a small isoform despite high homology to a single domain in the full-length proteins.
Resting network architecture of theta oscillations reflects hyper-learning of sensorimotor information in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Authors: Takacs Adam , Toth-Faber Eszter , Schubert Lina , Tárnok Zsanett , Ghorbani Foroogh , Trelenberg Madita , Nemeth Dezso , Münchau Alexander , Beste Christian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. It is associated with enhanced processing of stimulus–response associations, including a higher propensity to learn probabilistic stimulus–response contingencies (i.e. statistical learning), the nature of which is still elusive. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that resting-state theta network organization is a key for the understanding of superior statistical learning in these patients. We investigated the graph–theoretical network architecture of theta oscillations in adult patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and healthy controls during a statistical learning task and in resting states both before and after learning. We found that patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome showed a higher statistical learning score than healthy controls, as well as a more optimal (small-world-like) theta network before the task. Thus, patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome had a superior facility to integrate and evaluate novel information as a trait-like characteristic. Additionally, the theta network architecture in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome adapted more to the statistical information during the task than in HC. We suggest that hyper-learning in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is likely a consequence of increased sensitivity to perceive and integrate sensorimotor information leveraged through theta oscillation-based resting-state dynamics. The study delineates the neural basis of a higher propensity in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome to pick up statistical contingencies in their environment. Moreover, the study emphasizes pathophysiologically endowed abilities in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, which are often not taken into account in the perception of this common disorder but could play an important role in destigmatization.