bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘You can’t really separate these risks, our environment, our animals and us’: Australian children’s perceptions of the risks of the climate crisis
Authors: Arnot Grace , Pitt Hannah , McCarthy Simone , Warner Elyse , Thomas Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Perceptions of the risks associated with the climate crisis are shaped by a range of social and political contexts and information sources. While some have expressed concerns about the impact of the spread of climate misinformation through social media platforms on young people, others have shown that the youth climate movement has played a key role in countering misinformation. Despite this, there has been very limited research with children about how they conceptualize the risks associated with the climate crisis, how they receive climate information, and how they understand and apply this to their own and others’ lives. The following qualitative study used photo-elicitation techniques and in-depth interviews with Australian children to address this gap. A total of n = 28 children (12–16 years) participated, with four themes constructed from the data using a reflexive approach to thematic analysis. Children were concerned about how the climate crisis would continue to harm their futures and the health of planet and people. They recognized that some groups and countries would experience more risks associated with the climate crisis as compared to others. While they received information from a range of different sources (school, family, social media), they mostly used social media to seek out climate information. They recognized that social media sites could be a source of climate misinformation, and argued that a range of strategies were needed to identify and counter false information about the climate crisis. Children's perspectives must be harnessed to improve information about climate risks and action.
Optimization and research of smart grid load forecasting model based on deep learning
Authors: Zhang Dong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In order to accurately grasp the power consumption of the market and deeply understand the operation law of the power market, the power grid must achieve accurate power load prediction by studying the supply and demand of the power system and the change law. Therefore, a smart grid load prediction analysis method based on deep learning is proposed. Firstly, DenseNet network is used to extract features, so as to achieve feature reuse and improve efficiency. Then, combining the long short-term memory (LSTM) network based on attention mechanism, a combined model DenseNet–AM–LSTM is proposed to solve the long-term dependence problem of feature extraction. After using batch normalization, the model can use higher learning rate to improve the training speed of the model and obtain the best prediction accuracy of the model. The experimental results show that this method can accurately predict the power load, and the accuracy is higher than the current popular methods, and it is expected to become an important technical support for solving the core problems of smart grid.
MALDI-TOF MS combined with AUC method for tigecycline susceptibility testing in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yan Zelin , Li Jiapin , Hu Yanyan , Zhang Yanyan , Wu Yuchen , Ju Xiaoyang , Cai Chang , Chen Gongxiang , Sun Chengtao , Zhang Rong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The wide spread of tet(X4) gene orthologues in the environment, food, poultry and humans is causing serious tigecycline resistance. Consequently, developing a fast and universal method to detect tigecycline resistance has become increasingly important.

Methods
During 2019–2022, 116 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from nine provinces in China. All isolates were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents by the microdilution broth method and for the tet(X4) gene by PCR. Ten tet(X4)-positive E. coli isolates were used to confirm certain conditions, including the optimal incubation time, the optimal concentration of tigecycline, and the cut-off of the relative growth (RG) value.

Results
The optimal time and concentration of tigecycline for separation of susceptible and resistant isolates was 2 h and 4 mg/L, and the RG cut-off value was 0.4. We validated whether the experiment was feasible using 116 isolates of E. coli. The method yielded a susceptibility of 94.9% (95% CI: 81.4%–99.1%) and a specificity of 96.1% (95% CI: 88.3%–99.0%).

Conclusions
This research has shown that this optical antimicrobial susceptibility testing method can rapidly differentiate between susceptible and resistant phenotypes in isolates of E. coli. In the same range as the current gold-standard methods, the clinical turnaround time is reduced from 48 h to 2.5 h. The above results suggest that the method has splendid specificity and operationality.
Impact of dry density and incomplete saturation on microbial growth in bentonite clay for nuclear waste storage
Authors: Beaver Rachel C , Vachon Melody A , Tully Claire S , Engel Katja , Spasov Emilie , Binns W Jeffrey , Noël James J , Neufeld Josh D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Many countries are in the process of designing a deep geological repository (DGR) for long-term storage of used nuclear fuel. For several designs, used fuel containers will be placed belowground, with emplacement tunnels being backfilled using a combination of highly compacted powdered bentonite clay buffer boxes surrounded by a granulated “gapfill” bentonite. To limit the potential for microbiologically influenced corrosion of used fuel containers, identifying conditions that suppress microbial growth is critical for sustainable DGR design. This study investigated microbial communities in powdered and gapfill bentonite clay incubated in oxic pressure vessels at dry densities between 1.1 g cm−3 (i.e. below repository target) and 1.6 g cm−3 (i.e. at or above repository target) as a 1-year time series.

Results
Our results showed an initial (i.e. 1 month) increase in the abundance of culturable heterotrophs associated with all dry densities &lt;1.6 g cm−3, which reveals growth during transient low-pressure conditions associated with the bentonite saturation process. Following saturation, culturable heterotroph abundances decreased to those of starting material by the 6-month time point for all 1.4 and 1.6 g cm−3 pressure vessels, and the most probable numbers of culturable sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) remained constant for all vessels and time points. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed a change in microbial community composition from the starting material to the 1-month time point, after which time most samples were dominated by sequences associated with Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Cupriavidus, and Streptomyces. Similar taxa were identified as dominant members of the culture-based community composition, demonstrating that the dominant members of the clay microbial communities are viable. Members of the spore-forming Desulfosporosinus genus were the dominant SRB for both clay and culture profiles.

Conclusions
After initial microbial growth while bentonite was below target pressure in the early phases of saturation, microbial growth in pressure vessels with dry densities of at least 1.4 g cm−3 was eventually suppressed as bentonite neared saturation.
Effect of citric acid on cell membrane structure and function of Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4
Authors: Meng Xiangfeng , Liu Xinyi , Bao Yihong , Luo Ting , Wang Jinling 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to investigate the changes of cell membrane structure and function of Issatchenkia terricola under citric acid by performing physiological analysis.

Methods and results
The membrane integrity, surface hydrophobicity, structure, fluidity, apoptosis, and fatty acid methyl esters composition of I. terricola WJL-G4 cells were determined by propidium iodide staining, microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon test, transmission electron microscopy analysis, fluorescence anisotropy, flow cytometry, and gas chromatography-mass, respectively. The results showed that with the increasing of citric acid concentrations, the cell vitality, membrane integrity, and fluidity of I. terricola reduced; meanwhile, apoptosis rate, membrane permeable, hydrophobicity, and ergosterol contents augmented significantly. Compared to control, the activities of Na+, K+-ATPase, and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase increased by 3.73-fold and 6.70-fold, respectively, when citric acid concentration increased to 20 g l−1. The cells cracked and their cytoplasm effused when the citric acid concentration reached 80 g l−1.

Conclusions
I. terricola could successfully adjust its membrane structure and function below 60 g l−1 of citric acid. However, for citric acid concentrations above 80 g l−1, its structure and function were dramatically changed, which might result in reduced functionality.
Current status and future perspective of postoperative treatment for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Kiyota Naomi , Tahara Makoto , Homma Akihiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSurgery remains a foundation of treatment for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. For postoperative patients at high risk of recurrence, however, surgery by itself is not enough, and improvement in survival requires postoperative treatment. Unlike the case with most other malignancies, the standard postoperative treatment for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck patients with high-risk factors for recurrence is radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin. However, chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin at a dose of 100 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks has raised discussion over insufficient cisplatin delivery due to high-dose-related toxicity. As a possible solution, a recent randomized trial of the JCOG1008 has proved the non-inferiority of postoperative chemoradiotherapy with weekly cisplatin at a dose of 40 mg/m2 to 3-weekly cisplatin in terms of overall survival. Here, this review article focuses on current evidence and future perspectives of postoperative treatment for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Randomized trials of multicancer screening tests: augmenting their ability to identify a genuine mortality benefit
Authors: Weiss Noel S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Randomized trials of the efficacy of multicancer early detection, by means of measurement of cell-free DNA and/or protein biomarkers in peripheral blood specimens, will attempt to document a difference in cancer mortality between persons assigned to intervention and control arms. Their ability to do so is limited by the relatively low rate of death from individual forms of cancer, the relatively low sensitivity of the tests currently being used, and the use of other cancer screening modalities among trial participants. However, if those same blood specimens also could be obtained from control arm participants in a given trial and then tested for the same markers, with results not known (or not made available) until the conclusion of follow-up for cancer mortality, it would be possible to compare mortality from given forms of cancer between test-positive individuals whose results were known and not known during the course of the trial. Such an analysis addresses the impact of a stimulus to offer targeted diagnostic testing, potentially leading to early treatment, against cancer mortality. Among persons who screen as positive, it should provide a relatively more sensitive means of gauging a possible mortality benefit resulting from multicancer screening.
Testing many constraints in possibly irregular models using incomplete U-statistics
Authors: Sturma Nils , Drton Mathias , Leung Dennis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We consider the problem of testing a null hypothesis defined by equality and inequality constraints on a statistical parameter. Testing such hypotheses can be challenging because the number of relevant constraints may be on the same order or even larger than the number of observed samples. Moreover, standard distributional approximations may be invalid due to irregularities in the null hypothesis. We propose a general testing methodology that aims to circumvent these difficulties. The constraints are estimated by incomplete U-statistics, and we derive critical values by Gaussian multiplier bootstrap. We show that the bootstrap approximation of incomplete U-statistics is valid for kernels that we call mixed degenerate when the number of combinations used to compute the incomplete U-statistic is of the same order as the sample size. It follows that our test controls type I error even in irregular settings. Furthermore, the bootstrap approximation covers high-dimensional settings making our testing strategy applicable for problems with many constraints. The methodology is applicable, in particular, when the constraints to be tested are polynomials in U-estimable parameters. As an application, we consider goodness-of-fit tests of latent-tree models for multivariate data.
VKH-like syndrome in the setting of Dabrafenib and Trametinib therapy for BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma: a case report
Authors: Gunaratnam Cadric , Muzicenco Olga , Sivagurunathan Premala , Franzco Michael Hogden 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dabrafenib and trametinib, approved for the treatment of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, are associated with a spectrum ophthalmic toxicity including pan-uveitis and serous retinopathy. Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) is a systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by bilateral granulomatous pan-uveitis, exudative retinal detachments, and often associated with extraocular manifestations such as tinnitus, vitiligo, headaches, or encephalopathy. We present a 49-year-old woman with stage IV metastatic cutaneous melanoma developed bilateral acute pan-uveitis with multifocal serous retinal detachments, 4 months after starting combined dabrafenib and trametinib therapy. Clinical assessment, together with fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and serology led to the diagnosis of a (VKH)-like uveitis. Prompt systemic corticosteroids and modification of the dosing schedule of the suspected offending agents resulted in the resolution of intraocular inflammation and serous retinal detachments. This case underscores the importance of the prompt recognition of the association between VKH-like uveitis and BRAF/MEK inhibitors, enabling early intervention without compromising metastatic melanoma treatment.
ZmMPK6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, regulates maize kernel weight
Authors: Li Wenyu , Li Yayong , Shi Huiyue , Wang Han , Ji Kun , Zhang Long , Wang Yan , Dong Yongbin , Li Yuling 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Kernel weight is a critical agronomic trait in maize production. Many genes are related to kernel weight but only a few of them have been applied to maize breeding and cultivation. Here, we identify a novel function of maize mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (ZmMPK6) in the regulation of maize kernel weight. Kernel weight was reduced in zmmpk6 mutants and increased in ZmMPK6-overexpressing lines. In addition, starch granules, starch content, protein content, and grain-filling characteristics were also affected by the ZmMPK6 expression level. ZmMPK6 is mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, widely distributed across various tissues, and is expressed during kernel development, which is consistent with its role in kernel weight. Thus, these results provide new insights into the role of ZmMPK6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, in maize kernel weight, and could be applied to further molecular breeding for kernel quality and yield in maize.
Alternate day fasting aggravates atherosclerosis through the suppression of hepatic ATF3 in Apoe−/− mice
Authors: Deng Yajuan , Yang Xiaoyu , Ye Xueru , Yuan Youwen , Zhang Yanan , Teng Fei , You Danming , Zhou Xuan , Liu Wenhui , Li Kangli , Luo Shenjian , Yang Zhi , Chen Ruxin , Shi Guojun , Li Jin , Zhang Huijie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major contributor to cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Alternate day fasting (ADF) has gained growing attention due to its metabolic benefits. However, the effects of ADF on atherosclerotic plaque formation remain inconsistent and controversial in atherosclerotic animal models. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ADF on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Eleven-week-old male Apoe−/− mice fed with Western diet (WD) were randomly grouped into ad libitum (AL) group and ADF group, and ADF aggravated both the early and advanced atherosclerotic lesion formation, which might be due to the disturbed cholesterol profiles caused by ADF intervention. ADF significantly altered cholesterol metabolism pathways and down-regulated integrated stress response (ISR) in the liver. The hepatic expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was suppressed in mice treated with ADF and hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Aft3 attenuated the effects of ADF on atherosclerotic plaque formation in Apoe−/− mice. Moreover, the expression of ATF3 could be regulated by Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) and both the expressions of ATF3 and KLF6 were regulated by hepatic cellular ISR pathway. In conclusion, ADF aggravates atherosclerosis progression in Apoe−/− mice fed on WD. ADF inhibits the hepatic ISR signaling pathway and decreases the expression of KLF6, subsequently inhibiting ATF3 expression. The suppressed ATF3 expression in the liver mediates the deteriorated effects of ADF on atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− mice. The findings suggest the potentially harmful effects when ADF intervention is applied to the population at high risk of atherosclerosis.
Poxviruses
Authors: Smith Geoffrey L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Poxviruses are large, complex DNA viruses that have played several seminal roles in medicine and biological science. Cowpox virus was introduced by Jenner as the first human vaccine in 1796; widespread vaccination with vaccinia virus led to the global eradication of smallpox in 1977, the only human disease to have been eradicated. Smallpox is caused by variola virus, the most infamous poxvirus. Other poxviruses include molluscum contagiosum, which is the only other poxvirus that infects only humans, causing benign skin tumours that may be single or multiple, typically persisting for months before undergoing spontaneous regression. In 2022, there was a worldwide epidemic of monkeypox virus, spread largely by sexual contact. The development of vaccinia virus as an expression vector pioneered the concept of using genetically engineered viruses as live vaccines. Vaccinia virus is also being developed as an oncolytic agent. Poxviruses remain excellent models for studying virus-host interactions and virus immune evasion strategies.
Persistent problems and recovery after critical illness
Authors: Mikkelsen Mark E. , Iwashyna Theodore J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Post-intensive care syndrome is defined as new or worsening impairment in cognition, mental health, or physical function that persists after a critical illness. The complexities of post-intensive care syndrome come from the interactions of the patient’s premorbid mental health and physical function, the acute physiologic derangements and acute organ injury of the critical illness, and the side effects of procedures, treatments, and potential complications incurred during the critical illness. Problems are better described as challenging syndromes rather than specific actionable diagnoses, with the four major functional problems for patients being weakness, cognitive impairment, psychological problems, and new or worsened organ dysfunction. The sequelae of critical illness often extend beyond patients and impact the families of critically ill patients.
Disorders of the synthesis or function of haemoglobin
Authors: Hay Deborah , Weatherall David J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Inherited disorders of haemoglobin are the most common single-gene diseases affecting humans. Caused by disordered production of one or more globin chains or changes in globin structure, thalassaemia and sickle cell disease are responsible for an immense burden of illness across the globe. Thalassaemia describes a heterogeneous group of Mendelian conditions due to reduced synthesis of one or more of the globin chains. According to their clinical manifestations, the thalassaemias are classified into major (a severe transfusion-dependent disease), intermediate (characterized by anaemia and splenomegaly), and minor forms (in most cases, a symptomless carrier state). On account of their high frequency in many populations, and because they cause severe anaemia in their homozygous and compound heterozygous states, the β thalassaemias are the most important. Most countries in which the disease is common are introducing programmes for its prevention (population screening and prenatal diagnosis). Symptomatic management of severe thalassaemia requires regular blood transfusion, judicious use of splenectomy if hypersplenism develops, and chelating agents to reduce iron overload. Sickle cell disease—haemoglobin S differs from haemoglobin A by the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 in the β globin chain; homozygosity for haemoglobin S causes sickle cell disease. This occurs very frequently in African populations and, sporadically, throughout the Mediterranean region and the Middle East, and in several populations in India. Management of the acute and chronic complications remains largely supportive, with hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea) hitherto being the only widely used treatment with proven efficacy—although the whole field is now enriched by clinical trials based on several promising therapeutic discoveries and predicated on decades of intensive medical research.
bilby in space: Bayesian inference for transient gravitational-wave signals observed with LISA
Authors: Hoy C , Nuttall L K 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is scheduled to launch in the mid-2030s, and is expected to observe gravitational-wave candidates from massive black hole binary mergers, extreme mass ratio inspirals, and more. Accurately inferring the source properties from the observed gravitational-wave signals is crucial to maximize the scientific return of the LISA mission. bilby, the user-friendly Bayesian inference library, is regularly used for performing gravitational-wave inference on data from existing ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. Given that Bayesian inference with LISA includes additional subtitles and complexities beyond its ground-based counterpart, in this work we introduce bilby_lisa , a python package that extends bilby to perform parameter estimation with LISA. We show that full nested sampling can be performed to accurately infer the properties of LISA sources from transient gravitational-wave signals in (a) zero noise and (b) idealized instrumental noise. By focusing on massive black hole binary mergers, we demonstrate that higher order multipole waveform models can be used to analyse a year’s worth of simulated LISA data, and discuss the computational cost and performance of full nested sampling compared with techniques for optimizing likelihood calculations, such as the heterodyned likelihood.