bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcome of esophageal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma without lymphovascular involvement after endoscopic resection
Authors: Ishihara Ryu , Tanaka Hideo , Iishi Hiroyasu , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Tatsuta Masaharu , Yano Masahiko , Ishiguro Shingo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Esophageal cancer is an aggressive cancer with a reported 3‐year survival of 20%. However, early‐stage esophageal cancer can be cured by endoscopic resection (ER). The long‐term survival of esophageal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma after ER was investigated by calculating the standard mortality rate (SMR).METHODS.From January 1995 to December 2004, 110 patients with 138 esophageal mucosal squamous cell carcinomas without lymphovascular involvement were treated by ER. Long‐term survival after ER was compared with that in the general population by calculating SMR. Subgroup analysis of patients without second primary cancer diagnosed within 1 year before ER (subgroup A) was also performed.RESULTS.A total of 108 patients (98.2%) were followed‐up completely, with a mean observation period of 4.7 (0.4–11.3) years. The cumulative 5‐year survival rate of all patients and subgroup A was 79.5% and 86.6%, respectively. Overall mortality (SMR, 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–2.55) and mortality from malignant tumor (SMR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.79–5.09) was significantly higher than that in the general population. SMR of esophageal cancer was high, although it was not significantly different from that in the general population (SMR, 4.82; 95% CI, 0.06–26.81). In subgroup A overall mortality (SMR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.41–1.57) was similar to that in the general population.CONCLUSIONS.High overall mortality in patients with esophageal mucosal cancer after ER was mainly due to elevated mortality from second primary cancer. Favorable mortality in subgroup A indicates the efficiency of ER as a curative treatment for esophageal mucosal cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Molecular monitoring in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Cortes Jorge E. , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe majority of patients with chronic‐phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who are treated with Bcr‐Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib and dasatinib achieve cytogenetic disease remission (ie, Philadelphia chromosome‐positive cells undetectable by cytogenetic evaluation). However, more sensitive methods are required for monitoring residual disease (ie, molecular monitoring of BCR‐ABL transcript levels). It is generally accepted that molecular responses have prognostic significance. Patients with CP CML who achieve early molecular responses are more likely to achieve durable cytogenetic responses and are less likely to experience disease progression. Rising BCR‐ABL transcript levels also indicate loss of response, often as a consequence of developing BCR‐ABL mutations. However, some studies have suggested that patients who achieve complete cytogenetic disease remission may not derive an additional prognostic benefit from achieving a major molecular response. Practical issues also exist for molecular monitoring with respect to restricted access and variability in methodologies and data reporting. Although molecular monitoring has a clear role in assessing residual disease and determining the risk of disease progression in patients with CML, the importance of cytogenetic monitoring should not be ignored. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Metabolic changes during gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Smith Matthew R. , Lee Hang , McGovern Francis , Fallon Mary Anne , Goode Melissa , Zietman Anthony L. , Finkelstein Joel S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.In men with prostate cancer, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists increase fat mass, decrease insulin sensitivity, and increase triglycerides, features that are shared with metabolic syndrome. To the authors' knowledge, however, less is known regarding the effects of GnRH agonists on other attributes of the metabolic syndrome.METHODS.In an open‐label prospective study, 26 men with recurrent or locally advanced prostate cancer were treated with leuprolide for 12 months. Outcomes included changes in blood pressure, body composition, lipids, adipocytokines, and C‐reactive protein.RESULTS.The mean weight, body mass index, and waist circumference increased significantly from baseline to Month 12 (P < .001 for each comparison). Fat mass increased by 11.2% ± 1.5% (P < .001) and the percentage lean body mass decreased by 3.6% ± 0.5% (P < .001). The total abdominal fat area increased by 16.5% ± 2.6% (P < .001), with the accumulation of subcutaneous fat accounting for 94% of the observed increase. The waist‐to‐hip ratio and blood pressure did not change significantly. Serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations increased significantly (P = .002). Serum adiponectin levels increased by 36.4 ± 5.9% from baseline to Month 3 and remained significantly elevated through Month 12 (P < .001). Resistin and C‐reactive protein levels did not change significantly.CONCLUSIONS.The term metabolic syndrome does not appear to adequately describe the effects of GnRH agonists in men with prostate cancer. In contrast to the metabolic syndrome, GnRH agonists increase subcutaneous fat mass, HDL cholesterol, and adiponectin, and do not alter the waist‐to‐hip ratio, blood pressure, or C‐reactive protein level. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Structural testing criteria for message‐passing parallel programs
Authors: Souza S. R. S. , Vergilio S. R. , Souza P. S. L. , Simão A. S. , Hausen A. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractParallel programs present some features such as concurrency, communication and synchronization that make the test a challenging activity. Because of these characteristics, the direct application of traditional testing is not always possible and adequate testing criteria and tools are necessary. In this paper we investigate the challenges of validating message‐passing parallel programs and present a set of specific testing criteria. We introduce a family of structural testing criteria based on a test model. The model captures control and data flow of the message‐passing programs, by considering their sequential and parallel aspects. The criteria provide a coverage measure that can be used for evaluating the progress of the testing activity and also provide guidelines for the generation of test data. We also describe a tool, called ValiPar, which supports the application of the proposed testing criteria. Currently, ValiPar is configured for parallel virtual machine (PVM) and message‐passing interface (MPI). Results of the application of the proposed criteria to MPI programs are also presented and analyzed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Valleys to Ridges: Exploring the Dynamic Energy Landscape of Single Membrane Proteins
Authors: Janovjak Harald , Sapra K. Tanuj , Kedrov Alexej , Müller Daniel J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMembrane proteins are involved in essential biological processes such as energy conversion, signal transduction, solute transport and secretion. All biological processes, also those involving membrane proteins, are steered by molecular interactions. Molecular interactions guide the folding and stability of membrane proteins, determine their assembly, switch their functional states or mediate signal transduction. The sequential steps of molecular interactions driving these processes can be described by dynamic energy landscapes. The conceptual energy landscape allows to follow the complex reaction pathways of membrane proteins while its modifications describe why and how pathways are changed. Single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) detects, quantifies and locates interactions within and between membrane proteins. SMFS helps to determine how these interactions change with temperature, point mutations, oligomerization and the functional states of membrane proteins. Applied in different modes, SMFS explores the co‐existence and population of reaction pathways in the energy landscape of the protein and thus reveals detailed insights into local mechanisms, determining its structural and functional relationships. Here we review how SMFS extracts the defining parameters of an energy landscape such as the barrier position, reaction kinetics and roughness with high precision.
Anorexia nervosa: Selective processing of food‐related word and pictorial stimuli in recognition and free recall tests
Authors: Nikendei C. , Weisbrod M. , Schild S. , Bender S. , Walther S. , Herzog W. , Zipfel S. , Friederich H.C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective:Maladaptive processing of food cues is considered pivotal in the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. However, the influence of hunger and differences in processing because of the type of stimuli remain largely unclear.Method:Memory bias for food‐related pictorial and semantic stimuli was assessed in a recognition and a free recall test in 16 anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, 16 control participants with food intake prior to the study (CG‐FI) and 16 control participants with a fasting period prior to the study (CG‐NF).Results:Compared with CG‐FI participants, both AN and CG‐NF participants responded faster to food‐related as compared with neutral words (p < .001) in the recognition test. Differences were found for word but not for pictorial stimuli. No group differences were observed with respect to the number of correct retrievals in either the recognition or the free recall test.Conclusion:The present study found behavioral indications of abnormal processing of food‐related and neutral stimuli in anorectic patients similar to those found in fasted healthy controls. Results are discussed in terms of self‐schemata in eating disorders, competitive interference, and levels of processing. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Electroreduction of Oxygen and Electrooxidation of Methanol at Carbon and Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Supported Platinum Electrodes
Authors: Golikand Ahmad Nozad , Irannejad Leila 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present research aimed at investigating the electrocatalytic properties and the electrochemical deposition of Pt nanoparticles on carbon powder, carbon nanotube and preparation of carbon and single wall carbon nanotube supported platinum electrodes. The Pt nanoparticles were synthesized by electroreduction of hexachloroplatinic acid in aqueous solution at −200 mV. Electrocatalytic properties of the modified electrodes for oxygen reduction were investigated by cyclic voltammetry in O2saturated solution containing 0.1 M HClO4. Methanol electrooxidation at the modified surfaces in 0.5 M HCLO4was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The corresponding results showed that the Pt/SWCNT/GC electrode exhibits more improved catalytical activity than the Pt/C/GC electrode.
The Study of a Disposable Reagentless Biosensor for Fast Test of Aspartate Aminotransferase
Authors: Guo Zonghui , Yang Qingde , Liu Hongmin , Liu Chunxiu , Cai Xinxia 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA reagentless biosensor for amperometric measurement of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) has been developed. The three‐electrode biosensor was modified with two enzyme membrane with an integrated planar Ag|AgCl reference electrode. With a cellulose membrane containing catalytic substance coated, the reagentless biosensor was used for measurement of serum AST. The optimal sensitive membrane composition and operation conditions were studied. With low polarizing potential (0 V vs. integrated Ag|AgCl) and appropriate substrate concentration (20 mM α‐ketoglutarate acid), the response of the biosensor to AST activity was linear over the range of 25–1000 U/L with good relativity (R=0.9904 and 0.9823 in standard AST solutions and AST serum respectively) and fast response time (120 s). The biosensor also indicated good stability of more than 90% of its original activity for 60 days stored in 4 °C, and 90% of the activity was retained after a storage period of 15 days at room temperature (25 °C). The biosensor is expected to be used for the diagnosis of heart and liver disease in the future.
Analytical Application of Pyramidal, Rodlike, and Spherical Gold Nanostructures: Simultaneous Detection of Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid
Authors: Liu Haiqing , Tian Yang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSimultaneous detection of ascorbic (AA) and uric acid (UA) is developed at pyramidal (NP), rodlike (NR), and spherical (NS) gold nanostructures, due to their high electrocatalytic activities toward the oxidation of AA and UA. Unlike at bare gold electrode, the fouling resulted from the oxidized product of AA is eliminated at the nanostructured gold electrode. The voltammetric signals of AA and UA are completely separated with a potential difference of 216 mV, 158 mV and 195 mV, respectively, at the pyramidal, rodlike, and spherical gold surfaces. The experimental results reveal that solution pH effects the peak separation of AA and UA, acidic solution is more favorable for the simultaneous determination of AA and UA than neutral one, than alkaline one. The coexistence of a large excess of AA does not interfere with the voltammetric sensing of UA, vice versa. All the three kinds of nanostructured gold electrodes show excellent sensitivity, stability, selectivity, low detection limit, quick response and wide linear range in the repeated detection of AA and UA. The practical utility of the present nanostructured gold electrodes is demonstrating by determining the concentration of AA in fruit juice and UA in urine sample.
Structural performance assessment under near‐source pulse‐like ground motions using advanced ground motion intensity measures
Authors: Tothong Polsak , Cornell C. Allin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing advanced ground motion intensity measures (IMs) to evaluate the seismic performance of a structure subject to near‐source ground motions. Ordinary records are, in addition, utilized to demonstrate the robustness of the advanced IM with respect to record selection and scaling. To perform nonlinear dynamic analyses (NDAs), ground motions need to be selected; as a result, choosing records that are not representative of the site hazard can alter the seismic performance of structures. The median collapse capacity (in terms of IM), for example, can be systematically dictated by including a few aggressive or benign pulse‐like records into the record set used for analyses. In this paper, the elastic‐based IM such as the pseudo‐spectral acceleration (Sa) or a vector of Sa and epsilon has been demonstrated to be deficient to assess the structural responses subject to pulse‐like motions. Using advanced IMs can be, however, more accurate in terms of probabilistic response prediction. Scaling earthquake records using advanced IMs (e.g. inelastic spectral displacement, Sdi, and IM 1I&2E; the latter is for the significant higher‐mode contribution structures) subject to ordinary and/or pulse‐like records is efficient, sufficient, and robust relative to record selection and scaling. As a result, detailed record selection is not necessary, and records with virtually any magnitude, distance, epsilon and pulse period can be selected for NDAs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linearization and first‐order expansion of the rocking motion of rigid blocks stepping on viscoelastic foundation
Authors: Palmeri Alessandro , Makris Nicos 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn structural mechanics there are several occasions where a linearized formulation of the original non‐linear problem reduces considerably the computational effort for the response analysis. In a broader sense, a linearized formulation can be viewed as a first‐order expansion of the dynamic equilibrium of the system about a ‘static’ configuration; yet caution should be exercised when identifying the ‘correct’ static configuration. This paper uses as a case study the rocking response of a rigid block stepping on viscoelastic supports, whose non‐linear dynamics is the subject of the companion paper, and elaborates on the challenge of identifying the most appropriate static configuration around which a first‐order expansion will produce the most dependable results in each regime of motion. For the regime when the heel of the block separates, a revised set of linearized equations is presented, which is an improvement to the unconservative equations published previously in the literature. The associated eigenvalues demonstrate that the characteristics of the foundation do not affect the rocking motion of the block once the heel separates. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of hysteretic energy demand using concepts of modal pushover analysis
Authors: Prasanth Tholen , Ghosh Siddhartha , Collins Kevin R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHysteretic energy dissipation in a structure during an earthquake is the key factor, besides maximum displacement, related to the amount of damage in it. This energy demand can be accurately computed only through a nonlinear time‐history analysis of the structure subjected to a specific earthquake ground acceleration. However, for multi‐story structures, which are usually modeled as multi‐degree of freedom (MDOF) systems, this analysis becomes computation intensive and time consuming and is not suitable for adopting in seismic design guidelines. An alternative method of estimating hysteretic energy demand on MDOF systems is presented here. The proposed method uses multiple ‘generalized’ or ‘equivalent’ single degree of freedom (ESDOF) systems to estimate hysteretic energy demand on an MDOF system within the context of a ‘modal pushover analysis’. This is a modified version of a previous procedure using a single ESDOF system. Efficiency of the proposed procedure is tested by comparing energy demands based on this method with results from nonlinear dynamic analyses of MDOF systems, as well as estimates based on the previous method, for several ground motion scenarios. Three steel moment frame structures, of 3‐, 9‐, and 20‐story configurations, are selected for this comparison. Bias statistics that show the effectiveness of the proposed method are presented. In addition to being less demanding on the computation time and complexity, the proposed method is also suitable for adopting in design guidelines, as it can use response spectra for hysteretic energy demand estimation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of generators' behaviors on Nash equilibrium considering transmission constraints
Authors: Badri A. , Jadid S. , Moghaddam M. P. , Rashidinejad M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn imperfect competition, electricity markets with transmission constraints and limited number of producers, generation companies (GenCos) are facing an oligopolistic market rather than perfect competition. In this market each GenCo may increase its own payoff through strategic bidding. This paper investigates the problem of developing optimal bidding strategies of GenCos considering participants' market power as well as transmission constraints. The problem is modeled as a bi‐level optimization that at the first level each GenCo maximizes its payoff through strategic bidding, while at the second level, an independent system operator (ISO) dispatches power, solving an optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The objective of proposed optimization model is generating optimal bidding strategies for GenCos, while satisfying transmission constraints. Different aspects of exercising market power are studied and the corresponding effects on Nash equilibrium and GenCos' characteristics are proposed. Finally, the interaction of participants' different bidding strategies is investigated. An IEEE‐30 bus test system is used for case study to demonstrate simulation results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical viscosity reduction in the resolution of the shallow water equations with turbulent term
Authors: Fe J. , Cueto‐Felgueroso L. , Navarrina F. , Puertas J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA first‐order finite volume model for the resolution of the 2D shallow water equations with turbulent term is presented. An upwind discretization of the equations that include the turbulent term is carried out. A method to reduce the excess of numerical viscosity (or diffusion) produced by the upwinding of the flux term is proposed. Two different discretizations of the turbulent term are compared, and results for uniform distributions of the viscosity are presented. Finally, two discretizations of the time derivative which are more efficient than Euler's are proposed and compared. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multigrid procedure for Cartesian ghost‐cell methods
Authors: Catalano L. A. , Dadone A. , Daloiso V. S. E. , Scardigno D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a multigrid technique for Cartesian grid flow solvers. A recently developed ghost body‐cell method for inviscid flows is combined with a nested‐level local refinement procedure, which employs multigrid to accelerate convergence to steady state. Different from standard multigrid applications for body‐fitted grids, a fictitious residual needs to be defined in the ghost cells to perform a correct residual collection and thus to avoid possible stalling of the multigrid procedure. The efficiency of the proposed local refinement multigrid Cartesian method is demonstrated for the case of the inviscid subsonic flow past a circular body. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stability analysis of an oscillating body located in fluid flow using automatic differentiation
Authors: Furumi Masakazu , Kawahara Mutsuto 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a stability analysis of an oscillating body subjected to fluid forces located in a transient incompressible viscous flow. If the body is supported by elastic springs, oscillation will begin. If the characteristic period of the body and the excited oscillating period due to fluid forces match each other, resonance can occur. Stability analysis is therefore needed to determine the nonlinear behavior of the body. This paper presents an analysis of the changing stability of bodies by the numerical computation. To implement the computation, the motion of fluid around a body is expressed by the Navier–Stokes equation described in the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian form. The fluid influence on the body is discretized by the finite element method based on a mixed interpolation by the bubble function in space. The motion of the body is assumed to be expressed by the equations of motion.To evaluate stability, stability function is defined by the total energy of the oscillating body. The stability is judged according to a stability index, obtained by the use of the automatic differentiation (AD) of the stability function. AD is a derivative computation method that gives high accuracy. By the use of AD, the second‐order derivative matrix, which is needed to compute the stability index, can be obtained exactly.For the numerical studies, analyses of one degree of freedom and two degrees of freedom (2DOF) for a circular cylinder and 2DOF for a rectangular cylinder are carried out. A combination of a cylinder and supporting elastic spring can produce stable, neutral and unstable states. It is shown that the stability of the cylinder can be determined by the stability index. This paper shows new possibilities for stability analysis of bodies located in a fluid flow. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.