bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soy extract has different effects compared with the isolated isoflavones on the proteome of homocysteine‐stressed endothelial cells
Authors: Fuchs Dagmar , Dirscherl Barbara , Schroot Joyce H. , Daniel Hannelore , Wenzel Uwe 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEpidemiological studies suggest that soy consumption may provide a protection in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. It is under debate, however, whether the soy isoflavones or other compounds are the “active principle”. As apoptosis is a driving force in the process of atherosclerosis, we tested whether a soy extract or a combination of the two predominant isoflavones genistein and daidzein, in concentrations as found in the extract, exert similar or different effects on apoptosis in EA.hy 926 endothelial cells after exposure to the endothelial stressor homocysteine. Plasma membrane disintegration and nuclear fragmentation served as relevant apoptosis markers. To assess whether the extract and the genistein/daidzein mixture differently affect cellular target proteins changed in amount by homocysteine treatment, proteome analysis was performed by two‐dimensional gel‐electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting of regulated protein spots. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in the cells, and both extract and genistein/daidzein inhibited apoptosis to a comparable extent. Whereas the extract prevented for 10 proteins the changes in expression levels as caused by homocysteine, the genistein/daidzein mixture reversed the homocysteine effects on the proteome for 13 proteins. The cytoskeletal protein matrin 3 and a U5 snRNP‐specific 40‐kDa protein were the only protein entities where both extract and genistein/daidzein reversed the homocysteine‐induced changes in a common way. In conclusion, our studies provide evidence that an isoflavone containing soy extract and isolated isoflavones, despite similar effects on inhibition of homocysteine‐induced apoptosis in endothelial cells, affect a quite different spectrum of cellular target proteins.
Age‐related morphological changes in skeletal muscle cells of acid α‐glucosidase knockout mice
Authors: Hesselink Reinout P. , Schaart Gert , Wagenmakers Anton J.M. , Drost Maarten R. , van der Vusse Ger J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type II (GSDII), caused by a genetic defect in acid α‐glucosidase (AGLU), leads to a decline in muscle contractility caused by both muscle wasting and a decrease in muscle quality, i.e., force generated per unit muscle mass. A previous study has shown that loss of muscle mass can only explain one‐third of the decrease in contractile performance. Here we report on changes in the intramyocellular structural organization in a mouse knockout model (AGLU−/− mice) as a possible cause for the decline in muscle quality. Swollen, glycogen‐filled lysosomes and centrally localized cores with cellular debris partially contribute to the decline in muscle quality. Altered localization and deposition of cytoskeletal proteins desmin and titin may reflect adaptive mechanisms at the age of 13 months, but a decline in quality at 20 months of age. The early deposition of lipofuscin in AGLU‐deficient myocytes (13 months) is most likely a reflection of enhanced oxidative stress, which may also affect muscle quality. These collective findings, on the one hand, may explain the decrease in tissue quality and, on the other, may represent markers for efficacy of therapeutic interventions to restore muscle function in patients suffering from GSDII. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Mitochondrial dysfunction and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Hervias Isabel , Beal M. Flint , Manfredi Giovanni 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe causes of motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are still unknown. Several lines of evidence suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. Biochemical and morphological mitochondrial abnormalities have been demonstrated in postmortem spinal cords of ALS patients. Furthermore, in transgenic mice expressing mutant Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD1), the antioxidant enzyme associated with familial ALS (FALS), mitochondrial abnormalities precede the disease onset, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is causally involved in the pathogenesis of SOD1‐FALS. Despite this evidence, it is not yet fully understood how mutant SOD1 damages mitochondria. Recent work has demonstrated that a portion of mutant SOD1 is localized in mitochondria, both in transgenic mice and in FALS patients, where it forms proteinaceous aggregates. These findings have opened new avenues of investigation addressing the hypothesis that mutant SOD1 may directly damage mitochondria. Major future challenges will be to better understand the mechanisms and the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. If mitochondrial dysfunction is convincingly involved in ALS pathogenesis, either as a primary cause or as contributing factor, it is likely to become a novel target for therapeutic intervention. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Systemic oxybutynin decreases afferent activity of the pelvic nerve of the rat: New insights into the working mechanism of antimuscarinics
Authors: De Laet Kevin , De Wachter Stefan , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAimsIn a rat model, intravesical oxybutynin was recently shown to suppress pelvic afferent nerves. This study evaluates if a similar effect exists after systemic administration of oxybutynin.MethodsTwenty‐four single afferent bladder nerves were identified in 15 rats. Based on their conduction velocities they were grouped as C or Aδ fibers. Bladder filling parameters and afferent nerve spike rate were simultaneously recorded 30 min before administration of saline (nine fibers) or oxybutynin (15 fibers, 1 mg/kg), and again 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min after systemic saline or drug administration.ResultsNo change in C or Aδ afferent spike rate was observed after saline injection (P > 0.90). In the study group, a decrease in afferent activity was noted after systemic administration of oxybutynin for C fibers, which were statistically significant 90 (P < 0.004) and 120 min (P < 0.028) after drug delivery. After 150 min, the spike rate was still lower compared to the baseline filling, without reaching the level of significance (P > 0.09). For the Aδ fibers the decrease in afferent spike rate was already significant at 30 min (P < 0.005) and remained significant during all subsequent fillings (P < 0.012). To avoid a possible confounding influence of the bladder compliance, which increased significantly after injection of oxybutynin (P < 0.011), afferent activity during bladder filling was recalculated. Normalized afferent sensitivity of C and Aδ fibers decreased significantly after injection of oxybutynin. This means that the decrease in afferent spike rate is not the result of an increased compliance.ConclusionsThe findings of this study strongly suggest that oxybutynin directly or indirectly influences bladder sensory nerves, inhibiting the afferent part of the micturition reflex. Neurourol Urodynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient simulation of 3D fatigue crack growth based on boundary elements
Authors: Kolk K. , Kuhn G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe three‐dimensional simulation of fatigue crack growth under the consideration of 3D effects is presented to follow complex crack paths as realistic as possible from the macroscopic point of view. This aim is mainly based on two aspects. Firstly, an accurate stress analysis is performed by the boundary element method in terms of the 3D Dual BEM. Secondly, a suitable 3D crack growth criterion based on experimental observations is utilized. Due to the non‐linearity of crack growth the whole procedure is embedded in an advanced incremental crack growth algorithm. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Estimation of crack density due to fragmentation of brittle ellipsoidal inhomogeneities
Authors: Korobeinik M. , Le K. C. , Hackl K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn estimation is found for the energy release due to fragmentation of a brittle inhomogeneity of ellipsoidal shape embedded in a ductile matrix under remote static loading.The energy release calculated for prolate spheroidal inhomogeneities is used in the balance of energy to determine the crack density. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of Short Crack Propagation ‐ Transition from Stage I to Stage II
Authors: K?nkler B. , Fritzen C.‐P. , D?ber O. , Krupp U. , Christ H.‐J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe life‐time of cyclically loaded components with smooth surfaces is mainly determined by the initiation and propagation of microstructurally short fatigue cracks. The phase of short crack propagation can be subdivided into crack growth along single slip bands (stage I, in the direction of maximum shear stress in front of the crack tip) and the growth along alternating slip bands (stage II, perpendicular to the direction of maximum normal stress). Hence, the propagation starts in a single grain and continues through several grains in stage I. Then, additional slip bands are activated and the crack grows on alternating glide planes perpendicular to the direction of maximum normal stress. During the whole propagation process of the still relatively short crack, the plastic deformation on slip bands is blocked by grain boundaries. Due to the strong interaction with the microstructure, a description of the short crack propagation based on linear elastic fracture mechanics is not possible. Thus, an extended two‐dimensional yield‐strip model [1] based on the ideas of Navarro and de los Rios [2] has been developed. The boundary‐element method is used to calculate the displacements along the crack, treating the plastic zones in front of the crack tip as yield strips. Each boundary element consists of a mathematical dislocation at its beginning and its end, describing a constant normal and tangential displacement in the element. Geometrical crack closure can be considered by constraints allowing only positive normal displacements within the crack elements. The model is extended to the transition of stage I crack growth on single slip systems to crack propagation on multiple slip systems, which is presented here. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Boundary Finite Element Method for the Efficient Computation of Orders and Modes of Three‐Dimensional Stress Singularities
Authors: Longeru Markus , Mittelstedt Christian , Becker Wilfried 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this contribution the Boundary Finite Element Method (BFEM) is employed for the computation of the orders of stress singularities for several three‐dimensional stress concentration problems in linear elastic fracture mechanics. The BFEM combines the advantages of both the FEM and the BEM: while only a discretization on a structural boundary is required, the actual surface mesh consists of standard displacement based finite elements. In contrast to the BEM, no fundamental solution is required. The BFEM is an ef.cient analysis tool which leads to highly accurate results with significantly lesser computational effort when compared to e.g. standard FEM procedures. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of Material Forces to Hyperelastodynamics
Authors: Timmel Mario , Kaliske Michael , Kolling Stefan , Mueller Ralf 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the framework of numerical simulation, the analysis of fracture and damage mechanisms play an increasing role. In this context, the configurational force method is an useful tool for investigating structures with the finite element method [1] to predict the material behaviour more precisely. In this paper, we discuss the configurational forces in the context of high strain rate loaded hyperelastic structures [6]. Balance of momentum in the material space and the weak formulation are shown with focus on the explicite finite element method. Finally, an application will be presented based on a detailed treatment of structures subjected to short time loading. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiscale Modelling Of Shape‐Memory Alloys
Authors: Bartel Thorsten , Hackl Klaus 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis work is dealing with the modelling and simulation of shape‐memory alloys by taking into account the different scales which have a bearing on the material behaviour. Particularly we focus on the combination of all these scales in order to formulate one closed, physically well motivated model, which is capable to represent the characteristic phenomena of this kind of material. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aerated autoclaved concrete: Stochastic structure model and elastic properties
Authors: Kadaschewitsch Ilja , Stoyan Dietrich 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAerated autoclaved concrete (AAC) is a modern and important construction material, whose elastic properties are primarily defined by its porosity. The possibility to predict elastic properties of AAC based on the voids distribution is very important. The report describes simulations of the mechanical properties of AAC, based on a stochastic‐geometric model of its structure. The model is the well‐known “cherry‐pit” model, which presents a random system of partially overlapping spheres. In the mechanical analysis the solid phase is approximated by a network model with the help of the so‐called radical tessellation with respect to the hard spheres of the “cherry‐pit” model. The network edges are modelled in ANSYS as 3D beams. In this approach, the discretized elements (the edges) have in distinction to FE calculations with small polyhedral same dimension as the air voids and so the numerical costs can be drastically reduced. The FE simulations calculate the elastic constants and energy concentrations, which are responsible for the material failures, in large samples. Comparisons with fracture tests showed good matching between simulations and experiments. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling of anisotropic surfaces within a covariant contact description
Authors: Konyukhov Alexander , Schweizerhof Karl 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWithin covariant contact descriptions all necessary characteristics, such as kinematics of deformation and the weak form, as well as all necessary operations, such as linearization and derivation of the finite difference scheme, are described in the specially defined local surface coordinate system, which is related to the closest point projection procedure. This description allows to generalize all contact characteristics into an anisotropic domain for both adhesion and sliding behavior in a straightforward form. The model can be used to describe the average behavior of machined surfaces. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal Shape Design for Metal Forming Problems by the Finite Element Method
Authors: Lotfi Abdelhakim 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this work, a method for calculation of the optimal shapes of axisymmetrical converging dies by the finite element method is presented. The shape optimization problem considered in this paper is to find the best shape of the die such that the flow rate will be uniform at the die exit.The optimization problem is to minimize an objective function by varying a part of boundary (ie: the shape of die) subject to constraints imposed by the metal forming problem. In this method, the B‐spline functions allow us to determine the shape of the die, using its control points as design variables. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contact Interaction of Faces of the Plane Crack under Harmonic Loading
Authors: Menshykov Oleksandr V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe present work is devoted to the solution of the three‐dimensional fracture mechanics problem for a linear elastic, homogeneous and isotropic solid with a stationary plane crack under normal time‐harmonic loading. The problem has been solved by the method of boundary integral equations with the allowance for the contact interaction of the opposite faces of the crack. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Implementation of Thermomechanical Coupling for Shape Memory Alloys into the Finite Element Method
Authors: Pietryga Michael , Christ Daniel , Reese Stefanie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNiTi alloys open up new fields of application on the basis of their distinctive thermomechanical properties. Many options of practical application of shape memory alloys are imaginable. For example catheters or stents made of NiTi play an important role in medical technology. Thus the further development and optimisation of simulation tools for shape memory alloys (SMA) structures will play an important role in the future. Based on the powerful material model of Helm [1] the present contribution focuses on the coupling between mechanical and thermal fields. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of forming processes by using a new large deformation solidshell concept
Authors: Schwarze Marco , Reese Stefanie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis contribution deals with a new finite element formulation for the efficient simulation of forming processes, in particular for sheet metal forming. For that goal an isoparametric eight‐node solid‐shell formulation with linear ansatz functions is developed in which the undesirable effect of locking is completely eliminated. So only one element over the thickness is necessary which increases noticeably the numerical efficiency. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical solution of steady and unsteady flow over a vibrating airfoil in a channel
Authors: Honzátko Radek , Kozel Karel , Horáček Jaromír 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe work deals with a numerical solution of 2D steady and unsteady inviscid incompressible flow over the profile NACA 0012 in a channel. The finite volume method (FVM) in a form of cell‐centered explicit schemes at quadrilateral C‐mesh is used. Governing system of equations is the system of incompressible Euler equations. The method of artificial compressibility and time dependent method is applied to steady computations. The small disturbance theory (SDT) applied to a numerical solution of flow over a rotated profile by a small angle only is mentioned. Brief introduction is given to the Arbitrary (Semi) Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) method used for unsteady computations. Some numerical results of unsteady flow over a vibrating profile achieved by both SDT and ALE method are presented. Unsteady flow is caused by prescribed oscillations of the profile (one degree of freedom) fixed in an elastic axis. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RANS‐simulation of premixed turbulent combustion using the level set approach
Authors: Kurenkov A. , Oberlack M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA model for premixed turbulent combustion is investigated using a RANS‐approach. The evolution of the flame front is described with the help of the level set approach [1] which is used for tracking of propagating interfaces in free‐surface flows, geodesics, grid generation and combustion. The fluid properties are conditioned on the flame front position using a burntunburnt probability function across the flame front. Computations are performed using the code FASTEST‐3D which is a flow solver for a non‐orthogonal, block‐structured grid. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kritik an gebräuchlichen dynamischen Messungen zur Bestimmungeffektiver elastischer Moduln
Authors: Besdo Silke , Besdo D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBei numerischen Simulationen von Knochengewebe oder strukturierten Medien werden elastische Konstanten benötigt. Um diese mit Hilfe dynamischer Verfahren, z.B. durch die Laufzeitenbestimmung von Ultraschallwellen, zu bestimmen, kann es, besonders bei den Schermoduln, zu beträchtlichen Fehlern kommen. Der Grund hierfür ist, dass zum einen bei der Aufbringung einer Schub‐Belastung stets auch Biegung auftritt und auerdem Biegewellen entstehen, die durch die einzelnen Bälckchen der Struktur laufen. Somit liegen die ermittelten Schubmoduln zu dicht an den Elastizitätsmoduln. Daher kann es vorkommen, dass eine negative Querkontraktionszahl ermittelt wird und einem Material ein auxetisches Verhalten zugesprochen wird, welches es gar nicht hat. Anhand von Balkentheorien und dynamisch‐numerischen Simulationen desWellendurchlaufs für 2D‐ und 3D‐Modelle kann gezeigt werden, dass tatsächlich Biegewellen und Longitudinalwellen vorweglaufen, die sich am Ende wieder zu einer Scherverformung umlagern. Diese wird dann als Ankunft der Scherwelle gemessen, obwohl die eigentliche Scherwelle erst wesentlich später angekommt. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aerodynamic Interaction of Systems of Bodies in a Supersonic Flow
Authors: Stulov V. P. , Stulov P. V. , Zhdan I. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractUse of numerical experiment methods gives broad opportunities for studying complex flows by rather simple and inexpensive means. This work is devoted to researches on aerodynamic interference of bodies in supersonic flows. Interest to similar problems is shown in a number of areas of modern mechanics: meteoritics, movement of multiphase media, applied fields. The head shock wave before a configuration of spheres with growth of distance h monotonously breaks up to individual shock waves before spheres of forward lines. The basic conclusion of this research is the following: distortion of supersonic stream around systems of bodies as though is transferred downstream, i.e. the influence of back bodies on the flow nearby forward bodies is small. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinetic model for chemical reactions in hypersonic non‐equilibrium flows
Authors: Zus Florian , Olivier Herbert 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe interaction between vibrational relaxation and chemical processes is significant in many gas dynamic environments such as high‐enthalpy air flows. Extending a work of Marrone and Treanor [1] the influence of the vibrational excitation is examined not only on dissociation reactions, but also on exchange reactions. A synthetic cross section is chosen which allows to obtain a relatively simple form of a coupling factor between experimentally measured rates, valid only in thermal equilibrium, and theoretically derived rates, valid also in strong thermal‐nonequilibrium. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Implication for Lie group symmetries for RANS modeling
Authors: Guenther Silke , Oberlack Martin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSince the symmetries of fluid motion are admitted by all statistical quantities of turbulent flows as can be taken from the multipoint equations, we can derive conditions for turbulence models so that they capture the proper flow physics. Concerning these constraints we will exemplary investigate the k – ϵ – model for its capability to reproduce new scaling laws derived from symmetry methods. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation and EMI shielding properties of nickel‐coated PET fiber filled epoxy composites
Authors: Zeng W. , Tan S.T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractElectrically conductive composites were prepared using epoxy resin (EP) as matrix and nickel‐coated polyethylene teraphthalate (PET) fibers as filler. The fibers were coated with nickel by plating and ultrasonic electroless deposition techniques. The coaxial transmission line method was used to measure the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of the nickel‐coated PET fiber/EP composites. The contents of nickel and phosphorus in the coating were determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As a result, the ultrasonic electroless nickel‐coated PET fiber/EP composites showed excellent electrical conductive capability and better EMI shielding effectiveness due to higher content of nickel and lower content of phosphorus in the coating than conventional plated nickel‐coated PET fiber/EP composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 27:24–29, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers