bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine clinical use of alemtuzumab in patients with heavily pretreated B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Fiegl Michael , Falkner Andreas , Hopfinger Georg , Brugger Stefan , Zabernigg August , Bauer Franz , Haslbauer Ferdinand , Demirtas Dita , Grossschmidt Peter , Tatzreiter Georg , Gastl Günther , Greil Richard ,   The Austrian Collaborative Study Group on Alemtuzumab in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.In previous studies, alemtuzumab demonstrated considerable activity in patients with previously treated B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), including fludarabine‐refractory disease. In this retrospective study, the authors evaluated the benefit of alemtuzumab monotherapy in unselected patients with advanced, previously treated CLL who received treatment in the routine clinical setting.METHODS.Data were collected from 115 consecutive patients who received alemtuzumab therapy at 25 participating centers in Austria. Patients received a median of 3 prior lines of therapy (range, 1–11 prior lines of therapy), and 59% had fludarabine‐refractory disease. Alemtuzumab was administered intravenously or subcutaneously with a planned schedule of 30 mg 3 times per week for up to 12 weeks. Patients received valacyclovir and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for antiinfective prophylaxis.RESULTS.The overall response rate was 23%, with complete responses achieved in 5% of patients. Stable disease (SD) was achieved in 36% of patients. After a median follow‐up of 17.5 months, the median overall survival (OS) was 20.2 months for all patients. A multivariate Cox regression analysis that included pretreatment baseline characteristics, response to therapy, and cumulative dose of alemtuzumab indicated that bulky lymphadenopathy, the administration of ≥3 previous therapies, and lack of response to alemtuzumab remained significant independent risk factors for inferior OS. The median OS had not been reached for responding patients. The median OS was 29.5 months for patients with SD and 10.8 months for patients with progressive disease.CONCLUSIONS.The broad use of alemtuzumab in the routine clinical practice setting is feasible and active in unselected patients with pretreated CLL, and the current results confirmed the activity and safety of this agent, as reported in previously published clinical studies. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Lanreotide autogel every 6 weeks compared with Lanreotide microparticles every 3 weeks in patients with well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Bajetta Emilio , Procopio Giuseppe , Catena Laura , Martinetti Antonia , De Dosso Sara , Ricci Sergio , Lecchi Alberto S. , Boscani Paolo F. , Iacobelli Stefano , Carteni Giacomo , De Braud Filippo , Loli Paola , Tartaglia Andreas , Bajetta Roberto , Ferrari Leonardo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The noninferiority of a 6‐week dosing schedule of lanreotide Autogel (Lan ATG) at a dose of 120 mg compared with a 3‐week dosing schedule of lanreotide microparticles (Lan MP) at a dose of 60 mg was investigated in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET).METHODS.Patients who had sporadic, well differentiated NET with a low grade of malignancy were recruited for this open‐label, Phase III, multicenter trial. Patients were randomized to receive either 3 deep subcutaneous injections of Lan ATG (120 mg, every 6 weeks) or 6 intramuscular injections of Lan MP (60 mg, every 3 weeks). Tumor markers, tumor size, and symptoms were assessed between baseline and Week 18. Success was classified as a response that ranged from disappearance to an increase <25% in tumor marker, tumor size, or symptom frequency.RESULTS.Sixty patients were randomized, and 46 patients completed the study. Both for tumor markers and for tumor size, Lan ATG was not inferior to Lan MP (55% and 59% of patients responded on tumor markers, respectively; 68% and 66% of patients responded on tumor size, respectively). There were too few symptomatic patients to compare carcinoid symptoms. Both treatments were tolerated well, and no safety concerns were identified.CONCLUSIONS.Lan ATG at a dose of 120 mg every 6 weeks was as effective for controlling NET as Lan MP at a dose of 60 mg every 3 weeks. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Role of intraoperative cytology combined with histology in detecting continuous and skip type intraductal cancer existence for intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Eguchi Hidetoshi , Ishikawa Osamu , Ohigashi Hiroaki , Sasaki Yo , Yamada Terumasa , Nakaizumi Akihiko , Uehara Hiroyuki , Takenaka Akemi , Kasugai Tsutomu , Imaoka Shingi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a recently discovered pancreatic tumor that has continuous or discontinuous (skip) lesions. Recent reports suggest a higher frequency of cancer recurrence in the remnant pancreas after surgical resection of IPMN. It is therefore important to precisely detect intraductal cancer extension and skip lesions when resecting IPMN.METHODS.Both intraoperative histologic examination of the surgical margin and cytologic examination of the pancreatic juice from each pancreatic segment (head, body, or tail) were performed on 43 IPMN patients. In addition to the preoperatively planned resection, 1 or 2 pancreatic segment(s) were additionally resected if the pancreatic juice tested positive in cytology. When a surgical margin was positive but the cytology in the remaining segment was negative, a subsegment (2‐cm slice in width) was additionally resected until a negative margin was confirmed.RESULTS.Twenty‐five patients (58%) demonstrated negative results in both histology and cytology obtained from the segment(s) that were not initially intended to be removed. In contrast to the preoperative estimation, 5 patients were found to have a positive surgical margin and negative cytology, 5 patients demonstrated a negative surgical margin and positive cytology, and 8 patients demonstrated a positive surgical margin and positive cytology. Investigations of the resected specimens revealed that 8 patients (19%) had skip lesions in addition to the main lesion. Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with a dilated main pancreatic duct, or those with cancerous lesions in the main tumors, were at high risk for positive histology and/or cytology.CONCLUSIONS.Using intraoperative frozen‐section histology and pancreatic juice cytology, 18 out of 43 patients in the current study (42%) required additional resection of the pancreas. A necessary and sufficient range of resection should be determined by intraoperative examination. Cancer 2006. © 2006 AmericanCancer Society.
Study of free‐surface seepage problems using hypersingular equations
Authors: Chen Jeng‐Tzong , Hsiao Chia‐Chun , Chiu Yi‐Ping , Lee Ying‐Te 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFree‐surface boundary is not only unknown in a priori but also the boundary conditions are overspecified. In this paper, the Laplace problem with overspecified boundary conditions on the free surface is solved by using the hypersingular equation instead of singular equation used conventionally in boundary element method. The free surface can be determined using an iterative procedure starting from an initial guess. By introducing the hypersingular equation, the convergence rate of free surface can be accelerated. Finally, numerical examples including rectangular dams and canals were demonstrated and were compared with others to show the validity of the present method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of a generic domain‐decomposition strategy to solve shell‐like problems through 3D BE models
Authors: Araújo F. C. , Silva K. I. , Telles J. C. F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEfficient integration algorithms and solvers specially devised for boundary‐element procedures have been established over the last two decades. A good deal of quadrature techniques for singular and quasi‐singular boundary‐element integrals have been developed and reliable Krylov solvers have proven to be advantageous when compared to direct ones, also in case of non‐Hermitian matrices. The former has implied in CPU‐time reduction during the assembling of the system of equations and the latter in its faster solution. Here, a triangular polar co‐ordinate transformation and the Telles co‐ordinate transformation are employed separately and combined to develop the matrix‐assembly routines (integration routines). In addition, the Jacobi‐preconditioned Biconjugate Gradient solver (J‐BiCG) is used along with a generic substructuring boundary element algorithm. Thus, solution CPU time and computer memory can be considerably reduced. Discontinuous boundary elements are also included to simplify the coupling of the BE models (substructures). Numerical experiments involving 3D thin‐walled domains (shell‐like structural elements) are carried out to show the performance of the computer code with respect to accuracy and efficiency of the system solution. Precision, CPU‐time and potential applications of the BE code developed are commented upon. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling radiation and moisture content in fire spread
Authors: Ferragut L. , Asensio M. I. , Monedero S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA numerical method is developed for fire spread simulation modelling. The model is a two‐dimensional one which takes into account moisture content and radiation. We consider the combustion of a porous solid, where a simplified energy conservation equation is applied. The effect of the vegetation moisture and endothermic pyrolysis is incorporated in the model by means of a multivalued function representing the enthalpy. Some of the three‐dimensional effects are incorporated in the model, i.e. heat losses in the vertical direction and non‐local radiation from the flame above the vegetal layer. Also the radiation model allows to cope with wind and slope effects. The approximate solution is obtained using a finite element method. A semi‐implicit Euler algorithm in time is applied. The resolution of the multivalued operator is done using the Yosida approximation of a perturbed multivalued operator. The characteristic method combined with a discrete ordinate method is used to solve the radiation equation. Finally, several representative examples are solved and compared with experimental data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating spatial and parameter error in parameterized nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations
Authors: Carnes B. R. , Carey G. F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new approach is proposed for the a posteriori error estimation of both global spatial and parameter error in parameterized nonlinear reaction–diffusion problems. The technique is based on linear equations relating the linearized spatial and parameter error to the weak residual. Computable local element error indicators are derived for local contributions to the global spatial and parameter error, along with corresponding global error indicators. The effectiveness of the error indicators is demonstrated using model problems for the case of regular points and simple turning points. In addition, a new turning point predictor and adaptive algorithm for accurately computing turning points are introduced. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerically evaluated displacement and stress solutions for a 3D viscoelastic half space subjected to a vertical distributed surface stress loading using the Radon and Fourier transforms
Authors: Adolph Marco , Mesquita Euclides , Carvalho Edson Rodrigues , Romanini Edivaldo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this article a numerical solution for a 3D isotropic, viscoelastic half‐space subjected to vertical rectangular surface stress loading of constant amplitude is evaluated with the aid of the Radon and Fourier integral transforms. Dynamic displacement and stress fields are computed for the half‐space surface as well as for points inside the domain. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain. Viscoelastic effects are incorporated by means of the elastic–viscoelastic correspondence principle. The equations of motion are solved in the Radon–Fourier transformed domain. Inverse transformations to the physical domain are accomplished numerically. The scheme used to perform the numerical inverse transformations is addressed. The solution is validated by comparison with results available in the literature. A sample of original dynamic results for displacement and stress fields for the 3D half‐space is furnished. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study of algorithms for minimal cycle bases for efficient force method of frame analysis
Authors: Kaveh A. , Fazli H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA comparative study of different algorithms is presented for the formation of minimal cycle bases of graphs corresponding to sparse cycle‐member incidence matrices, leading to the formation of sparse flexibility matrices. These algorithms employ concepts from matroids and theory of graphs. The algorithms are compared using the computational time and storage requirements. Proof is constructed for the minimality of the algorithm developed by the first author, and an efficient approach is employed for its implementation. The algorithms are also compared through examples having different topological properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Nyström scheme with rational quadrature applied to edge crack problems
Authors: Englund J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of introducing rational quadrature into a recently developed algorithm for the computation of the stress field in edge‐cracked specimens are studied. The algorithm is based on an integral equation of the second kind which is solved using a Nyström method. Rational quadrature can handle the presence of corners and triple‐junctions in a more accurate manner than can polynomial quadrature. A preconditioner is also included in the scheme. The rational quadrature together with the preconditioner results in a scheme that reduces the number of discretization points needed for a certain accuracy by up to 70% and the number of iterations needed by an iterative solver by up to 50%, compared to a scheme using only polynomial quadrature. For validation, several setups with a single edge crack are studied. Larger setups containing up to 1500 edge cracks are also investigated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of diameter errors in slender bar turning with movable support
Authors: Bodi Cui , Rongdi Han 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrediction of machining accuracy is an essential prerequisite for optimization of machining processes. In this study, a numerical model is developed to predict diameter errors in slender bar turning operations. Special attention is paid to the effect of the movable support on diameter error during machining process. The proposed model uses a geometric analysis in the machine frame, in which the elastic deflections of the machine‐tool‐part system due to cutting force are studied by finite element method. Further, for the coupling between cutting force and actual depth of cut, iterative calculation is carried out to obtain the coupling value of the cutting depth which provides further accuracy to the prediction. Finally, numerical examples are provided to investigate the effects of mounting method and movable support stiffness on diameter errors. Experimental results show that the developed model has the ability to predict efficiently the diameter errors for slender bar turning operations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells: Current controversies and future perspectives
Authors: Banham Alison H. , Powrie Fiona M. , Suri‐Payer Elisabeth 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) provide protection from autoimmune disease, graft‐versus‐host disease, transplant rejection and overwhelming tissue destruction during infections. Conversely, high Treg numbers enable cancer cells to evade the host immune response. Thus, Treg are seen as an important tool to manipulate the immune response. However, as the immunological community is trying to move this knowledge from mice to humans, contradictory results regarding the number and function of Treg in various diseases are appearing. This problem arises because we cannot clearly define Treg populations on the basis of expression of CD25 and other cell surface markers in humans. This review addresses the utility of the FOXP3 forkhead transcription factor for the identification of Treg populations and summarizes recent data on the expression of FOXP3 in lymphomas. It is crucial to really understand Treg biology before attempting therapies, including (i) the injection of expanded Treg to cure autoimmune disease or prevent graft‐versus‐host disease or (ii) the depletion or inhibition of Treg in cancer therapy. For instance, new data arising from the study of haematological malignancies highlight the additional complexity of systems where malignant cell populations may also be direct Treg targets.
Highly Regioselective Rhenium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Styrenes
Authors: Zhao Wen‐Guo , Hua Ruimao 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe addition reaction of silanes to styrenes is efficiently catalyzed by ReBr(CO)5 in toluene heated at 120 °C and selectively affords anti‐Markovnikov adducts in good to high yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Electronic ‘Off‐On’ Molecular Switch for Rapid Detection of Thrombin
Authors: Sánchez Josep Lluis Acero , Baldrich Eva , Radi Abd El‐Gawad , Dondapati Srujan , Sánchez Pablo Lozano , Katakis Ioanis , O'Sullivan Ciara K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn electrochemical molecular beacon aptasensor for fast and sensitive assay of thrombin is developed and characterized. A bifunctional derivative of the thrombin‐binding aptamer, 15‐base long with a redox‐active ferrocene moiety and a pendant hexanethiol linker group at the termini of the aptamer strand was immobilized on Au electrode surface. The electrochemical behavior of the aptasensor was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), chronopotentiometry (CP), square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) and chronopotentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) techniques. Taken together, these experiments support the switch “on” mechanism of the system when the thrombin binds to the immobilized aptamer. The variation of response to the concentration of thrombin, the target protein, was evaluated by square‐wave voltammetry and chronopotentiometric stripping analysis in HEPES buffer solution (pH 8.0, 0.01 M). The aptasensor showed a specific response to thrombin in the range 1.0 to 35 nM with a detection limit of subnanomolar level concentrations. The reaction time, reproducibility, specificity and stability of the aptasensor were also studied.
Electrochemical Study on Synergistic Effect of the Blending of Nano TiO2 and PLA Polymer on the Interaction of Antitumor Drug with DNA
Authors: Song Min , Pan Chao , Li Jingyuan , Wang Xuemei , Gu Zhongze 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this report, polylactide (PLA) nanofibers were fabricated with the new strategy of electrospinning that may have some potential prominent application in biomedical areas. Besides, the new nanocomposites produced by the combination of PLA nanofibers with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have been utilized in the biomolecular recognition of antitumor or anticancer drug daunorubicin. Our observations of electrochemical studies indicate that because of the relative large surface area of the blends, the new nano TiO2‐PLA polymer nanocomposites could remarkably increase the detection sensitivity as well as the binding affinity of daunorubicin to DNA, which is also demonstrated in our spectroscopic study. Besides, to further reveal the effect of the new TiO2‐PLA polymer nanocomposites for the biorecognition, the relative influence of nano TiO2 or PLA themselves has also been explored in this study. The results illustrate that the drug molecules and/or DNA could be more readily self‐assembled on the surface of the blends of the nano TiO2‐PLA nanofibers so that the new nanocomposites could efficiently facilitate the relative biorecognition of daunorubicin.
Application of Bacterial Biocathodes in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: He Zhen , Angenent Largus T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis review addresses the development and experimental progress of biocathodes in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Conventional MFCs consist of biological anodes and abiotic cathodes. The abiotic cathode usually requires a catalyst or an electron mediator to achieve high electron transfer, increasing the cost and lowering the operational sustainability. Such disadvantages can be overcome by biocathodes, which use microorganisms to assist cathodic reactions. Biocathodes are feasible in potentiostat‐poised half cells, but only very few studies have investigated them in complete MFCs. The classification of biocathodes is based on which terminal electron acceptor is available. For aerobic biocathodes with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor, electron mediators, such as iron and manganese, are first reduced by the cathode (abiotically) and then reoxidized by bacteria. Anaerobic biocathodes directly reduce terminal electron acceptors, such as nitrate and sulfate, by accepting electrons from a cathode electrode through microbial metabolism. Biocathodes are promising in MFCs, and we anticipate a successful application after several breakthroughs are made.
A label‐free protein microfluidic array for parallel immunoassays
Authors: Wang Zhan‐Hui , Meng Yong‐Hong , Ying Pei‐Qing , Qi Cai , Jin Gang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA label‐free protein microfluidic array for immunoassays based on the combination of imaging ellipsometry and an integrated microfluidic system is presented. Proteins can be patterned homogeneously on substrate in array format by the microfluidic system simultaneously. After preparation, the protein array can be packed in the microfluidic system which is full of buffer so that proteins are not exposed to denaturing conditions. With simple microfluidic channel junction, the protein microfluidic array can be used in serial or parallel format to analyze single or multiple samples simultaneously. Imaging ellipsometry is used for the protein array reading with a label‐free format. The biological and medical applications of the label‐free protein microfluidic array are demonstrated by screening for antibody–antigen interactions, measuring the concentration of the protein solution and detecting five markers of hepatitis B.
Simultaneous electrophoretic analysis of proteins of very high and low molecular weights using low‐percentage acrylamide gel and a gradient SDS‐PAGE gel
Authors: Casas‐Terradellas Eduard , Garcia‐Gonzalo Francesc R. , Hadjebi Ouadah , Bartrons Ramon , Ventura Francesc , Rosa Jose Luis 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo be able to separate and analyze giant proteins and small proteins in the same electrophoretic gel, we have used a continuous SDS‐PAGE gel formed by the combination of a low‐percentage acrylamide gel and a gradient SDS‐PAGE gel that we have named LAG gel. To get a good resolution for proteins of more than 200 kDa, we used an acrylamide/bisacrylamide ratio of 80:1 in the low‐percentage acrylamide gel. To successfully resolve proteins in the 5–200 kDa range, we used a conventional 6–15% SDS‐PAGE gradient gel with the standard acrylamide/bisacrylamide ratio of 40:1. We show that the LAG system can be successfully used in general applications of SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis such as proteomics and immunobloting techniques. Thus, using this continuous LAG gel, it is possible to simultaneously analyze giant proteins, such as HERC1 and dynein, big proteins like clathrin heavy chain and small proteins like ARF. The LAG system has a good resolution, low cost, and high reproducibility. Moreover, to simultaneously analyze all proteins saves time. All these characteristics, together with the use of a standard apparatus found in any biochemistry laboratory, make the LAG system an easy tool to use.