bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary oedema during treatment of acute water intoxication
Authors: Maclean D , Champion M , Trash D B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Acute water intoxication with deepening coma and uncontrolled epileptiform seizures in a 25-year-old previously fit male schizophrenic was treated with hypertonic (2 N) saline and a 20% mannitol solution. This improved his neurological state but precipitated severe pulmonary oedema. Intravenous frusemide increased his urinary output sufficiently to clear the pulmonary oedema. In acute water intoxication the use of hypertonic solutions may thus precipitate left heart failure by expanding the intra-pulmonary blood volume beyond the capacity of even a healthy left ventricle to compensate. Simple water restriction will produce a slower but perhaps safer improvement.
The development of isolators
Authors: Trexler P C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A series has been developed of closed-system isolators which provide patients with the same effective control of microbial infection as is possible in the laboratory animal. These isolators are used to protect susceptible patients from exogenous infection as well as to prevent the spread of dangerous pathogens from infected patients. The six models of isolators are designed for use in operating theatres, or on the wards and to transport patients.
Problems of protection against virus B hepatitis
Authors: Polakoff Sheila 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Various methods have been employed to reduce hepatitis B infections among patients and staff at high risk. Routine screening tests of all blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen has reduced post-transfusion hepatitis B. After a control and prevention programme was instituted hepatitis B cross-infection was eliminated from haemodialysis units in Britain. Prophylaxis with specific immunoglobulin reduced attack rates of clinical hepatitis B, after accidental inoculation with infective material, to about 2%. Endemic hepatitis B in hospitals for the mentally subnormal remains a problem.
A case of subacute bacterial endocarditis treated with parenteral clindamycin (clindamycin-2-phosphate)
Authors: Freeman R , Roberts D W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of subacute bacterial endocarditis which was due to an α-haemolytic streptococcus is described. A therapeutic dilemma arose when the patient developed a drug fever to penicillin and was found to be allergic to cephalosporine. Oral clindamycin was used, but had to be abandoned since severe exacerbation of an unsuspected duodenal ulcer resulted. The patient was finally successfully treated with clindamycin-2-phosphate, a new injectable form of the drug, and the success of this therapy is documented.
Current problems in the measurement of gastrin release. A reproducible measure of physiological gastrin release
Authors: Russel R C G , Bloom S R , Fielding L P , Bryant M G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The interpretation of gastrin release is confused because of variation in the technique of the radioimmuoassay of gastrin, the lack of a standard stimulus for the release of gastrin and diversity in the method used to express the results. These problems have been analysed (a) by examining the cross-reactivity of three gastrin antisera and using each of the antisera to measure basal gastrin levels in fasting normal subjects, duodenal ulcer and post-vagotomy patients; (b) by determining a satisfactory stimulus for gastrin release in normal subjects; (c) by examining the results to determine the best method of presenting the data. The different a ntisera used were found to give different levels of plasma gastrin in the same sample of plasma. This was not related to the cross reactivity of the antisera. An English breakfast was found to be the most satisfactory stimulus for the release of gastrin. The expression of the results of such a stimulus of gastrin release was affected least by assay variation when the incremental integrated gastrin response was used. It is concluded that the incremental integrated gastrin response to an English breakfast is a satisfactory method for exploring variations in gastrin release.
Caroli's disease with intrahepatic gall-stones and salmonella infection
Authors: Hamlyn A N , James O F , Douglas A P , Lavelle M I , Venables C W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
At operation for small bowel intussusception, a 26-year-old man was found to have an enlarged liver and spleen. Subsequent investigations suggested bile passage infection associated with numerous intrahepatic gall-stones but symptomatic cholangitis did not present until 5 months later. Retrograde cholangiography showed cavernous ectasia of the bile ducts which contained gall-stones.
Nephrotic syndrome, sickle-cell disease and pregnancy
Authors: Smith Alan M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A young West Indian with sickle-cell disease and the nephrotic syndrome in the last trimester of pregnancy was treated after admission to hospital with folic acid and blood transfusion. Labour was induced by intravenous prostaglandin E2 but the fetus died. The nephrotic syndrome resolved but the proteinuria, the cause of which it is suggested is a true sickle-cell nephropathy, persisted.
Prolonged nasogastric tube feeding in critically ill and surgical patients
Authors: Woolfson A M , Saour J N , Ricketts C R , Pollard B J , Hardy S M , Allison S P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Fifteen patients with varying diagnoses were fed via nasogastric tubes for between 7 and 41 days using a feed consisting of Caloreen (a glucose polymer) and Albumaid (a beef serum hydrolysate) with vitamin and mineral supplements. The feed proved nutritionally adequate and relatively free of complications. Diarrhoea was seen only in those patients receiving antibiotics by the nasogastric route. Codeine phosphate abolished this symptom in all patients. The constant drip method of administration proved efficient and time saving. Unlike prepacked preparations, the feed could be varied in composition to suit the clinical situation. This was of particular advantage in the intensive care context. The feed was relatively inexpensive.
A blood pressure clinic in a health centre
Authors: Beevers D G , Duncan S , Nelson C S , Padfield P L 
Published: December 2008

SummaryFollowing a screening survey for hypertension in Renfrew, a blood pressure clinic was established in a health centre. Three hospital doctors, each working an average of two sessions weekly, saw 368 patients. A specially trained nurse played an important part in the running of the clinic. Attendance of patients was high, and defaulting amongst those needing treatment was low. Blood pressures were well controlled in 75% of the patients. The clinic has proved an acceptable method of managing large numbers of hypertensives without reference to hospital.
Antidepressant blood levels in acute overdose
Authors: Hallstrom C , Gifford L 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Plasma antidepressant levels and clinical condition were measured sequentially for at least 24 hr in eight patients who presented with acute antidepressant overdosage. There was no evidence to suggest that a knowledge of the drug plasma levels had anything to offer in the management of a patient whose overdose included a tricyclic antidepressant.
The empty sella syndrome
Authors: Sachdev Y , Evered D C , Appleby A , Hall R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The empty sella syndrome (ESS) presents a varied clinical and radiographic picture. It may remain asymptomatic or may stimulate an intrasellar growth thereby causing diagnostic and therapeutic problems. An air encephalogram (AEG) is required for diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical and radiological features of the ESS and to discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms involved.
Emergency myocardial revascularization
Authors: Dubost Charles , Deloche Alain , Carpentier Alain , Relland John , Sellier Philippe , Vial François , Piwnica Armand , Fabiani J Noel 
Published: December 2008

Summary
From 1969 to 1975, 175 patients with acute coronary insufficiency underwent emergency saphenous vein aorto-coronary bypass grafting (SVBG). The patients were divided into two groups: group I, unstable angina (165 patients) and group II, acute evolving myocardial infarction (ten patients).
In group I, the hospital mortality was 8-4%, the incidence of post-operative myocardial infarction was 10-3%. Long-term follow-up was obtained for an average of 25 months, functional improvement was definite in the majority of the patients and actuarial survival curves show 87% patients alive at the end of 48 months.
In group II, the hospital mortality was 30%; seven of ten patients had good results.
Does coronary surgery prolong life in comparison with medical management?
Authors: Rosati Robert A , Lee Kerry L , Mittler Brant S , McNeer J Frederick , Behar Victor S , Margolis James R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
This analysis attempts to utilize natural history controls to answer the question as to whether coronary surgery prolongs life in comparison to medical management. Selected natural history studies are compared and contrasted in an effort to obtain an average survival curve for patients with coronary artery disease comparable to those presently being operated. The Duke University Medical Center series of concurrent operated and non-operated patients is reviewed to demonstrate the difference of prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease and the complexities involved in answering the question. It is concluded that, on average, coronary surgery does not prolong life in comparison to medical management over the span of 2-5 years. There may be certain higher risk patients whose lives may be prolonged by aortocoronary bypass surgery but more patients and more prolonged follow-up are needed fully to answer the question.
Alpha-chain disease in an Englishman
Authors: Wang S W S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Eighty cases of the gastro-intestinal form of alpha-chain disease had been reported up to the time of writing this communication (September 1975). All patients were non-Caucasians. This report presents a case of this in an Englishman who became ill whilst working the tropics. His clinical features and response to therapy were entirely in line with the other cases so far reported.
Double-blind comparison of verapamil and practolol in the treatment of angina pectoris
Authors: Fagher B , Persson S , Svensson S E 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In thirteen patients with coronary insufficiency and angina pectoris the therapeutic effects of verapamil, 80 mg three times/day and practolol, 100 mg three times/day, were compared and tested against placebo in a double-blind cross-over fashion. Verapamil proved to be the most efficient drug as regards attack frequency and glyceryl trinitrate consumption as well as physical working capacity, bringing about a statistically significant increase of the exercise tolerance as compared to placebo after a treatment period of four weeks. Verapamil is a good alternative to beta-blockers in the prophylactic treatment of angina. Possible modes of action of verapamil in angina pectoris are discussed. The study had to be interrupted because of the reports of side effects of practolol, explaining the small number of patients.
Systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome and glomerular nephritis
Authors: Sobel J D , Talor Z , Alroy G , Lichtig C , Valero A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The combination of systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's disease and severe diffuse glomerular nephritis has only rarely been reported. A 14-year-old girl is described with lupus nephritis in whom co-existent clinical and histological features of Sjögren's syndrome were found. These include bilateral parotid enlargement, xerostomia, increased serum amylase, reduced salivary secretion and lymphocyte infiltration of both salivary glands and kidneys. The co-existence of systemic lupus erythematosus with Sjögren's syndrome is discussed together with a consideration of pathogenesis.
A comparative study of dextran-70, warfarin and low-dose heparin for the prophylaxis of thrombo-embolism following total hip replacement
Authors: Barber H M , Feil E J , Galasko C S , Edwards D H , Sutton R A , Haynes D W , Bentley G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In a randomized, controlled clinical study, dextran-70, warfarin, or low-dose heparin were administered to patients undergoing total hip replacement on one surgical unit in an attempt to prevent deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Calf vein thrombosis was detected by the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test. None of the methods prevented calf vein thrombosis (dextran-70, 51%; warfarin, 58-6%; heparin, 52-6%). Pulmonary embolism was completely prevented in patients treated with warfarin but occurred in 4% of patients treated with dextran-70 and 15-5% of those treated with low-dose heparin. The incidence of complications of therapy was small and comparable in each group. It is suggested that calf vein thrombosis is a frequent and in itself a non-serious complication of total hip replacement surgery and that emphasis might be placed more usefully on prevention of pulmonary embolism.
Neonatal barbiturate withdrawal
Authors: Blumenthal I , Lindsay S 
Published: December 2008

SummaryAn infant with neonatal barbiturate withdrawal syndrome is reported. The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of this condition are discussed. A retrospective review of fifty-three infants of barbiturate-treated epileptic mothers indicated a high incidence of "jitteriness" (17%) and feeding problems (36%) in the immediate neonatal period.
Acute leukaemia during azathioprine therapy
Authors: Gilmore I T , Holden G , Rodan K S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Various tumours, in particular lymphomas, have been reported in association with azathioprine treatment, both after renal transplantation and in other conditions. A case is reported here of acute myeloid leukaemia associated with azathioprine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, and this is now the third case reported in the world literature of leukaemia arising during azathioprine therapy for a non-malignant condition.
Barbiturates and serum calcium in the elderly
Authors: Young R E , Ramsay L E , Murray T S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In a retrospective study, based on a biochemical survey of people aged 65 and over in a general practice, subjects taking a barbiturate preparation for indications other than epilepsy had a significantly lower serum calcium concentration than did those taking nitrazepam or diazepam. Ordinary doses of barbiturate may adversely affect vitamin D metabolism in the elderly.
Lysozyme: a brief review
Authors: Mir M A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Serum lysozyme (muramidase) estimation is a simple, convenient and useful laboratory investigation. A review of the literature shows that lysozyme has been implicated as an aetiological factor in various disorders, and credited with being a prognostic indicator in acute myeloid leukaemia, but these promises have not been fulfilled. This low molecular weight protein is found in the urine of some patients with renal tubular disorders, but some workers have emphasized its importance as a causal agent in hypokalaemia of acute myeloid leukaemia. Research should be concentrated on muramidase as an expression of cell functions rather than as an aetiological factor. Hypokalaemia in acute myeloid leukaemia may be caused by an unidentified substance of molecular weight similar to that of lysozyme.
Cardiac tamponade and acute renal failure following Salmonella agona pericarditis
Authors: Webster J , Petersen J , Edward N 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 19-year-old female presented with cardiac tamponade complicated by acute renal failure. Salmonella agona was cultured from pericardial aspirate after repeated pericardiocentesis in several sites. Treatment with ampicillin and intermittent haemodialysis led to complete recovery.
Portal hypertension in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Foadi M D , Shaw S , Paradinas F J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia treated with busulphan for 4-5 years, developed signs of busulphan toxicity and portal hypertension with ascites, oesophageal varices and jaundice. At post-mortem there was minimal leukaemic infiltration but there were alterations in the liver architecture sufficient to explain the portal hypertension. The pathogenesis of the liver changes and their possible relationship to splenomegaly and busulphan toxicity are considered.
Valvar aortic stenosis with unusual features
Authors: Raj M V J , Bennett D H , Fleming H A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
This case report documents the co-existence of valvar aortic stenosis and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with systemic hypertension and calcific mitral annulus, a combination which has not hitherto been reported. It is the purpose of this paper to help assess the true incidence of the co-existence of aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Hypocalcaemia and convulsions
Authors: Gupta M M , Grover D N 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Hypocalcaemia may manifest with tetany, convulsions and even status eqilepticus. Recognition of underlying hypocalcaemia in convulsions is mandatory because the fits may not be adequately controlled by anti-convulsant drugs which may also aggravate hypocalcaemia. Vitamin D, by relieving hypocalcaemia, reduces the frequency of convulsions and may even eliminate them.
The non-invasive recognition of left atrial enlargement: comparison of electro- and echocardiographic measurements
Authors: Ikram H , Drysdale P , Bones P J , Chan W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The aim of this study was to compare the ability of electro- and echocardiography to detect enlargement of the left atrium. Seventy-four patients, divided into three groups (eighteen normal, thirty-six valvular disease, twenty hypertension and/or coronary artery disease) were studied. The P wave terminal force in lead V1 (PTF-V1) was measured from a standard 12 lead electrocardiogram, and the internal left atrial dimension (LAD) was measured from time-motion echocardiograms. Linear regression analysis showed a small but significant linear correlation between PTF-V1 and LAD (r = 0-32, P less than 0-01). Both methods would separate patients with diseases known to cause left atrial enlargement from normals, but echocardiography showed greater "specificity" (100% v. 94+) and "sensitivity" (75% v. 67%). It was much superior to the ECG in detecting milder grades of left atrial enlargement and for following serial changes.
A non-invasive test for receptor binding applied to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Britton K E , Tedder R S , Khokhar A M , Brown N J G , Davison A , Slater J D H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Studies in animals have determined the importance of specific receptors to the action of many hormones and drugs. In man, a non-invasive external counting technique has been used and absence of receptor function has been demonstrated in a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus using radioactively labelled arginine vasopressin. This is in contrast to the findings in a patient with pituitary diabetes insipidus and a normal control. These results suggest a model for the study of hormone and drug kinetics in man avoiding multiple samplings of biological fluids.
Methylprednisolone pulse therapy in the treatment of polyarteritis nodosa
Authors: Neild G H , Lee H A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two cases of lung granulomata associated with ‘crescentic’ glomerulonephritis both in a clinical setting of polyarteritis nodosa were treated with high doses of intravenous methylprednisolone (‘pulse therapy’) in single injections of 30 mg/kg body-weight. In the first case rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with 100% crescents was arrested and followed by improvement of renal function from a creatinine clearance of 5 ml/min to 30 ml/min; in the second case multiple lung granulomata of 8 months' standing, unresponsive to oral steroids, disappeared 8 days after treatment with high dosage intravenous methylprednisolone.
The use of ‘pulse therapy’ with methylprednisolone is advocated, not only in such cases where arteritis is known or suspected, but also in radidly progressive glomerulonephritis associated with crescents.
Leuco-erythroblastosis following withdrawal from glucocorticoid therapy
Authors: Trenchard P M , Wells C E , Jarriwalla A G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Leuco-erythroblastosis has many known associations (Burkett, Cox and Fields, 1965; Weick, Hagedorn and Linman, 1974; Retief, 1964), but the only ones related to drug therapy are the well established response to haematinics (Burkett et al., 1965) and one possible case following anti-epileptic therapy (Retief, 1964). The case described below is of leuco-erythroblastosis following steroid withdrawal in a young man with primary polymyositis.
A case of paraparesis due to extramedullary haemopoiesis in HbE-thalassaemia
Authors: Mihindukulasuriya J C , Chanmugam D , Machado V , Samarasinghe C A , Kynoch P A M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 24-year-old female with haemoglobin E-thalassaemia who presented with paraparesis of 18 months' duration was found to have spinal extradural extramedullary haemopoietic tissue extending from T4 to T9. Complete neurological recovery followed laminectomy. The importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment, of this unusual complication of extramedullary haemopoiesis, before the spinal cord is irreversibly damaged is stressed.
Carcinosarcoma of the adult kidney
Authors: Rao M S , Lotuaco L G , McGregor D H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Carcinosarcoma of the adult kidney is a very rare tumour and there are only a few well documented cases in the literature. In this report such a tumour is described from a 50-year-old white male, which progressed very rapidly with widespread metastases. Histologically, the tumour consisted of renal cell carcinoma and fibrosarcomatous components. The interesting features in this case were that both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements of the tumour exhibited metastases separately to various organs.
Co-existent eosinophilic gastroenteritis and hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction
Authors: Haeney M R , Wilson R J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a 42-year-old man is described. The patient had diarrhoea, faecal blood loss, a protein-losing enteropathy, malabsorption of fat, xylose and vitamin B12. Co-existent hypopituitarism, diabetes insipidus and hypothalamic dysfunction was demonstrated. Complete clinical recovery occurred with pituitary replacement therapy alone. The association of this endocrine abnormality with the picture of eosinophilic gastroenteritis has not previously been described.
Endomyocardial firbrosis and Löffler's endocarditis parietalis fibroplastica
Authors: Olsen E G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The morphological features of endomyocardial fibrosis and Löffler's endocarditis are described. Sixteen cases of the chronic stage of Löffler's endocarditis were compared with pathological material of thirty-two patients with endomyocardial fibrosis. No morphological differences were noted. It is suggested that endomyocardial fibrosis and LOffler's endocarditis are part of the same disease spectrum, the origin of which can be traced back to the presence of eosinophils in the myocardium.
Prevention of infection in nurseries for the newborn
Authors: Keay A J , Simpson R M 
Published: December 2008

SummaryPrevention of infection in nurseries involves consideration of the design of hospitals, wards and equipment, the study of nursing and domestic procedures, the monitoring of environmental flora and the planning of antiseptic and antibiotic policies. These subjects cannot be considered in isolation from each other and are most suitably managed by a Control of Infection Committee. Ultimately the safety of infants in nurseries rests upon the degree to which each individual involved in their care pays attention to the agreed policies of general and personal hygiene.