bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peptides derived from a secretory yeast library restore factor VIII activity in the presence of an inhibitory antibody
Authors: Mersich Christa , Billes Werner , Pabinger Ingrid , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe development of autoantibodies against factor VIII represents one of the major complications in the treatment of hemophilia A patients. We have employed a novel library system to obtain peptides that specifically neutralize the interaction between factor VIII and these inhibitors. The random peptides are presented as carboxy‐terminal extensions of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5a, an intracellular protein with a molecular mass of 18 kDa. These random peptides formed an unique binding site, as demonstrated by molecular simulations using the computer programs InsightII and GROMACS. The library was screened to identify peptides binding to the murine monoclonal anti‐factor VIII antibody ESH8 and to inhibitors derived from patients with factor VIII antibodies. Ten peptides binding to ESH8 were identified. Their specificity was confirmed by displacement assays. Two peptides with the sequences STKTLGRPLHGPAGPVEGGALAGVAEDADLVTAVSGR and YHCKREDLTDRDATCALRQPPQAVRGLGPRVTAVSGR showed the ability to restore the factor VIII activity from 33% up to approximately 90% in functional tests performed in vitro. Three candidates for binding to factor VIII antibodies derived from four different patient's sera were achieved. Three fusion proteins with the peptide sequences PQLGSRRSTTPSLTFQNASWFPAGGPCARSNRG, SGSRQVCKLARSLQPF and WERGRRVGAQVRHARHLVARVLDGAGHQARLTAVNGP bound to inhibitors derived from different patients. Furthermore, two of the obtained fusion proteins with the peptide sequences RHWTALGPAPTHTCADLNYPLLS and WERGRRVGAQVRHARHLVARVLDGAGHQARLTAVNGP did also bind to the monoclonal antibody ESH8. This study demonstrates the potential of this system to identify peptides that inhibit the activity of potent inhibitory antibodies and also shows potential as a method for screening of bioactive peptides. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 12–21. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microbial production of hydrogen and ethanol from glycerol‐containing wastes discharged from a biodiesel fuel production plant in a bioelectrochemical reactor with thionine
Authors: Sakai Shinsuke , Yagishita Tatsuo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractH2 and ethanol production from glycerol‐containing wastes discharged from a biodiesel fuel production plant by Enterobacter aerogenes NBRC 12010 was demonstrated in bioelectrochemical cells. Thionine as an exogenous electron transfer mediator was reduced by E. aerogenes, and was re‐oxidized by a working electrode applied at +0.2 V against a Ag/AgCl reference electrode by a potentiostat (electrode system). At the initial glycerol concentration of 110 mM, 92.9 mM glycerol was consumed in the electrode system with 2 mM thionine after 48 h. On the other hand, the concentration of glycerol consumed was only 50.3 mM under the control conditions without thionine and the electrodes (normal fermentation). There are no differences in the yields of H2 and ethanol against glycerol consumed between the control conditions and the conditions with the electrode system. A pH of 6.0 was suitable for the H2 production in the range between pH 6 and pH 7.5 in the electrode system. At pH values of 7.0 and 7.5, H2 production decreased and formate was remarkably produced in the reaction solution. The rates of both glycerol consumption and the H2 and ethanol production increased as the thionine concentration and the surface area of the working electrode increased. After 60 h, 154 mM of the initial 161 mM glycerol concentration in the wastes was consumed in the electrode system, which is a 2.6‐fold increase compared to the control experiment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 340–348. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of dexamethasone and corticosterone in rat biofluids and fetal tissue using highly sensitive analytical methods: assay validation and application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Samtani Mahesh N. , Jusko William J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sensitive, specific, accurate and precise LC/MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous measurement of dexamethasone and corticosterone in rat plasma. The method was extended to dexamethasone analysis in rat plasma ultrafiltrate and fetal tissues. Samples were processed using SPE involving Oasis HLB cartridges, which offered complete extraction recovery for the analytes. Samples were subsequently analyzed using LC/MS/MS. A structurally related corticosteroid, prednisolone, was used as the internal standard. Using a 500 µL plasma sample, limits of quantification of 0.2 and 2.0 ng/mL were achievable for dexamethasone and corticosterone. This level of sensitivity allowed characterization of maternal/fetal dexamethasone profiles after administration of multiple doses of dexamethasone sodium phosphate to rats. However, this sensitivity was not satisfactory for corticosterone during pharmacokinetic studies involving dexamethasone due to its strong adrenosuppressive effect. This led us to investigate the suitability of a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit, which through extensive testing and minor modifications was found to offer extremely sensitive, specific, accurate and precise analysis of corticosterone. Knowledge of the steroid profiles captured using these highly sensitive analytical tools may potentially help in the optimization of corticosteroid therapy during pregnancy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiresidue method for the analysis of pesticide residues in polished rice (Oryza sativa L.) using accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography and confirmation by mass spectrometry
Authors: Cho Soon‐Kil , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Park Young‐Seok , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Khay Sathya , Kang Cheol‐Ah , Park Byung‐Jun , Kim Sun‐Ju , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn analytical procedure using accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector has been optimized to simultaneously determine the residue of two insecticides (diazinon and EPN) and one fungicide (isoprothiolane) in polished rice and was confirmed by GC–mass spectrometry. Several parameters, including temperature, pressure, solvent ratio, cell size and cell cycle, were thoroughly investigated to find the optimal extraction conditions. The average recoveries of the three pesticides were between 82.7 and 126.4% at spiking levels of 0.1 and 0.5 ppm. The relative standard deviations were less than 7% for all of the recovery tests. The optimum accelerated solvent extraction operating conditions were 100°C, 1500 atm, acetone–n‐hexane (20:80 v/v) as the extraction solvent, two cycles, and a cell size of 33 ml. The total extraction time was approximately 20 min. The optimized procedure has also been applied to the determination of diazinon, isoprothiolane and EPN in real rice samples. In conclusion, accelerated solvent extraction was used for the first time for the analysis of diazinon, isoprothiolane and EPN in polished rice and offers the possibility of a fast and simple process for obtaining a quantitative extraction of the studied pesticides. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an ion‐pair HPLC method for investigation of energy charge changes in cerebral ischemia of mice and hypoxia of Neuro‐2a cell line
Authors: Chen Yunyun , Xing Dongming , Wang Wei , Ding Yi , Du Lijun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe determination of adenine nucleotides and energy charge (EC) has great importance in the characterization of cerebral ischemic injury and post‐ischemic recovery. An IP‐HPLC method was developed for the quantification of AMP, ADP, ATP and EC in cerebral ischemia and hypoxia of the Neuro‐2a cell line. The chromatographic conditions were: a Zorbax SB‐C18 reversed‐phase column; mobile phase 100 mm KH2PO4, 1 mm tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and 2.5% acetonitrile, brought to pH 7.0 with potassium hydroxide (4 m), filtered through a 0.45 µm Millipore filter and degassed prior to use. The flow‐rate was 1.0 mL/min. The injection volume was 20 µL. Detection was performed at a wavelength of 254 nm under a constant temperature (27 ± 1°C). The method was validated by means of linearity, using calibration curves constructed with five concentration levels of each compound. The limit of detection was also determined. The system precision was calculated as the coefficient of variation for five injections for each compound tested. Cerebral tissue was homogenized (4°C) in 1 mL of an ice‐cold 6% trichloroacetic acid that contained ATPase inhibitor and obtained good recovery (>90%). The results show that the described method for the determination of adenine nucleotides by HPLC has good linearity, limit of detection, precision and specificity, and is simple and rapid to perform. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanotechnology in cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Patel Devang N. , Bailey Steven R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNanotechnology is a new field of science and technology that has already had significant impact in the development of novel products in industry. In medicine, application of nanotechnology has the potential to develop new imaging agents, pharmaceutical drugs and medical devices with unique physical and chemical properties. This article reviews the potential for various nanoparticles in cardiovascular imaging and therapeutics, nanoporous structures for sensing and implant based drug delivery, and self‐assembled monolayers for surface modification and implant based drug delivery. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling of multi‐block data
Authors: Höskuldsson Agnar , Svinning Ketil 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHere is presented a unified approach to modelling multi‐block regression data. The starting point is a partition of the data X into L data blocks, X = (X1, X2,…,XL), and the data Y into M data‐blocks, Y = (Y1, Y2,…,YM). The methods of linear regression, X→Y, are extended to the case of a linear relationship between each Xi and Yj, Xi→Yj. A modelling strategy is used to decide if the residual Xi should take part in the modelling of one or more Yjs. At each step the procedure of finding score vectors is based on well‐defined optimisation procedures. The principle of optimisation is based on that the score vectors should give the sizes of the resulting Yjs loading vectors as large as possible. The partition of X and Y are independent of each other. The choice of Yj can be Xj, Yi = Xi, thus including the possibility of modelling X→Xi, i = 1,…,L. It is shown how these methods can be extended to a network of data blocks. Examples of the optimisation procedures in a network are shown. The examples chosen are the ones that are useful to work within industrial production environments. The methods are illustrated by simulated data and data from cement production. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐processing in biochemometrics: correction for path‐length and temperature effects of water in FTIR bio‐spectroscopy by EMSC
Authors: Martens Harald , Bruun Susanne W. , Adt Isabelle , Sockalingum Ganesh D. , Kohler Achim 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe term ‘biochemometrics’ is proposed. Methodology is presented for simplifying high‐resolution phenotyping measurements, in terms of multivariate modelling methods in order to stabilise FTIR bio‐spectroscopy data. Irrelevant gas contributions from water vapour and CO2 in the instrument light path are modelled and removed, in order to avoid having to wait for N2 purging. Variations in the infrared spectroscopy (IR) spectrum of water with temperature are described in terms of two model component spectra. These additive water variations are quantified and eliminated by Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction (EMSC), along with various physical signal variations of additive and multiplicative nature due to, for example, sample or instrument temperature. Sample temperature is predicted from the EMSC model parameters. The models developed for Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) measurements of pure water at different temperatures are tested successfully in independent water samples as well as in the in vivo monitoring of Candida albicans growing and decaying on the ATR crystal of the same instrument. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unusual Bond Formation in Aspartic Protease Inhibitors: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Pilmé Julien , Berthoumieux Hélène , Robert Vincent , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe origin of the formation of the weak bond N|⋅⋅⋅CO involved in an original class of aspartic protease inhibitors was investigated by means of the electron localization function (ELF) and explicitly correlated wave‐function (MRCI) analysis. The distance between the electrophilic C and the nucleophilic N centers appears to be controlled directly by the polarity and proticity of the medium. In light of these investigations, an unusual dative NC bonding picture was characterized. Formation of this bond is driven by the enhancement of the ionic contribution C+O−induced mainly by the polarization effect of the near N lone pair, and to a lesser extent by a weak charge delocalization N→CO. Although the main role of the solvating environment is to stabilize the ionic configuration, the protic solvent can enhance the C+O−configuration through a slight but cumulative charge transfer towards water molecules in the short NC distance regime. Our revisited bond scheme suggests the possible tuning of the NCO interaction in the design of specific inhibitors.
G‐Quadruplex Recognition by Quinacridines: a SAR, NMR, and Biological Study
Authors: Hounsou Candide , Guittat Lionel , Monchaud David , Jourdan Muriel , Saettel Nicolas , Mergny Jean‐Louis , Teulade‐Fichou Marie‐Paule 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel group of quinacridine‐based ligands (MMQs) is described along with an evaluation of their G‐quadruplex binding properties. A set of biophysical assays was applied to characterize their interaction with DNA quadruplexes: FRET–melting experiments and equilibrium microdialysis were used to evaluate their quadruplex affinity and their ability to discriminate quadruplexes across a broad panel of DNA structures. All data collected support the proposed model of interaction of these compounds with G‐quadruplexes, which is furthermore confirmed by a solution structure determined by 2D NMR experiments. Finally, the activity of the MMQ series against tumor cell growth is reported, and the data support the potential of quadruplex‐interactive compounds for use in anticancer approaches.
Overcoming Tumor Drug Resistance with High‐Affinity Taxanes: A SAR Study of C2‐Modified 7‐Acyl‐10‐Deacetyl Cephalomannines
Authors: Yang Chun‐Gang , Barasoain Isabel , Li Xuan , Matesanz Ruth , Liu Ronghua , Sharom Frances J. , Yin Da‐Li , Díaz J. Fernando , Fang Wei‐Shuo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of C2‐modified 10‐deacetyl‐7‐propionyl cephalomannine derivatives was designed, prepared, and biologically evaluated. Some C2 meta‐substituted benzoate analogues showed potent activity against both drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant tumor cells in which resistance is mediated through either P‐gp overexpression or β‐tubulin mutation mechanisms. The taxoid 15 b and related compounds are of particular interest, as they are much more cytotoxic than paclitaxel, especially against drug‐resistant tumor cells; they are able to kill both drug‐resistant and drug‐sensitive cells (low R/S ratio), and they have high affinity for β‐tubulin. Our research results led to an important hypothesis, that is, a taxane with very high binding affinity for β‐tubulin is able to counteract drug resistance, which may assist in future taxane‐based drug‐discovery efforts.
MR imaging of antigen‐induced arthritis with a new, folate receptor‐targeted contrast agent
Authors: Saborowski Olaf , Simon Gerhard H. , Raatschen Hans‐Juergen , Wendland Michael F. , Fu Yanjun , Henning Tobias , Baehner Rick , Corot Claire , Chen Mei‐Hsiu , Daldrup‐Link Heike E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate if the new folate receptor‐targeted Gd‐chelate P866 may enhance immune‐mediated arthritis. A monoarthritis was induced in the right knee of 15 Sprague–Dawley rats. MR imaging of both knees was performed at 2 T before and up to 2 h and 24 h after injection (p.i.) of P866 (n = 3 dose finding study and n = 6, 0.02 mmol Gd/kg), the non‐FR targeted P866 analog P1001 (n = 3 at 24 h after P866‐administration, 0.02 mmol Gd/kg) or Gd‐DOTA (n = 6, 0.1 mmol Gd/kg). Pulse sequences comprised T1‐SPGR 80°/50 ms/1.7 ms (flip angle/TR/TE) and inversion recovery 10°/3000 ms/1500 ms/50–3050, 10 000 ms (flip angle/TR/TE/TI) sequences. ΔSI‐data and T1‐relaxation times of arthritic knees and contralateral normal knees were determined. Folate receptor expression was confirmed with histopathology. All three contrast agents showed an initial perfusion effect with significantly higher ΔSI‐data of arthritic knees compared with normal knees (p < 0.05). In addition, P866, but not P1001 or Gd‐DOTA, showed a prolonged enhancement of the synovitis. Compared with precontrast values, the T1‐relaxation times of inflamed synovia were significantly decreased at 2 h p.i. of P866 (p < 0.05), but not P1001 or Gd‐DOTA (p > 0.05). Histopathology confirmed the presence of folate receptors in the inflamed joints, but not normal joints. Thus, results suggest a specific accumulation of the folate receptor‐targeted Gd‐chelate P866 in this arthritis model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upper bound limit analysis using discontinuous quadratic displacement fields
Authors: Makrodimopoulos A. , Martin C. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe classical lower and upper bound theorems allow the exact limit load for a perfectly plastic structure to be bracketed in a rigorous manner. When the bound theorems are implemented numerically in combination with the finite element method, the ability to obtain tight bracketing depends not only on the efficient solution of the arising optimization problem, but also on the effectiveness of the elements employed. Elements for (strict) upper bound analysis pose a particular difficulty since the flow rule is required to hold throughout each element, yet it can only be enforced at a finite number of points. For over 30 years, the standard choice for this type of analysis has been the constant strain element combined with discontinuities in the displacement field. Here we show that, provided certain conditions are observed, conventional linear strain triangles and tetrahedra can also be used to obtain strict upper bounds for a general convex yield function, even when the displacement field is discontinuous. A specific formulation for the Mohr–Coulomb criterion
in plane strain is given in terms of second‐order cone programming, and example problems are solved using both continuous and discontinuous quadratic displacement fields. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrafast Voltammetry for Probing Interfacial Electron Transfer in Molecular Wires
Authors: Amatore Christian , Maisonhaute Emmanuel , Schöllhorn Bernd , Wadhawan Jay 
Published: March 2007

AbstractElectron transfer inside self‐assembled monolayers made from complex redox‐active oligophenylenevinylene molecular wires is examined by ultrafast cyclic voltammetry. Rate constants above 106 s−1 are measured when the electroactive moieties are easily accessible to counterions from the electrolyte. These counterion movements are necessary to compensate the local charge created upon electron transfer. Conversely, if the redox center is buried within long hydrophobic diluents, the counterion movement towards the redox entity becomes rate limiting, thus drastically altering the rate magnitude and its physical meaning. This change in the mechanism is examined both for superexchange or when one electron‐hopping step is involved.
Numerical chromosome variation and mitotic segregation defects in the adult brain of teleost fish
Authors: Rajendran R. Samuel , Zupanc Marianne M. , Lösche Andreas , Westra Jurjen , Chun Jerold , Zupanc Günther K.H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTeleost fish are distinguished by their enormous potential for the generation of new cells in both the intact and the injured adult brain. Here, we present evidence that these cells are a genetic mosaic caused by somatic genomic alteration. Metaphase chromosome spreads from whole brains of the teleost Apteronotus leptorhynchus revealed an euploid complement of 22 chromosomes in only 22% of the cells examined. The rate of aneuploidy is substantially higher in brain cells than in liver cells, as shown by both metaphase chromosome spreads and flow cytometric analysis. Among the aneuploid cells in the brain, approximately 84% had fewer, and the remaining 16% more, than 22 chromosomes. Typically, multiple chromosomes were lost or gained. The aneuploidy is putatively caused by segregation defects during mitotic division. Labeling of condensed chromosomes of M‐phase cells by phosphorylated histone‐H3 revealed laggards, anaphase bridges, and micronuclei, all three of which indicate displaced mitotic chromosomes. Quantitative analysis has shown that in the entire brain on average 14% of all phosphorylated histone‐H3‐labeled cells exhibit such signs of segregation defects. Together with the recent discovery of aneuploidy in the adult mammalian brain, the results of the present investigation suggest that the loss or gain of chromosomes might provide a mechanism to regulate gene expression during development of new cells in the adult vertebrate brain. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
The accuracy of regulatory cost estimates: a study of the London congestion charging scheme
Authors: Sherrington Chris , Moran Dominic 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper considers the accuracy of regulatory cost estimates using the London congestion charging scheme as a case study. In common with other regulations, ex ante estimates of the direct costs of the scheme were produced by the regulator, Transport for London. Reviews of a number of environmental and industrial regulations have shown that ex ante costs tend to exceed the ex post (or outturn) costs. This study finds that while Transport for London moderately overestimated the total costs of the scheme (by 16%) there was a significant overestimate of chargepayer compliance costs (by 64%). The main reasons for this were greater than expected reductions in traffic and unanticipated technological innovation. As the compliance cost is essentially the cost of transacting payment of the charge, these results have wider implications for other similar regulations. One example is the proposed national road user charging in the UK, where it could reasonably be expected that the ex post cost of compliance will again be lower than the ex ante estimate, and that compliance costs will continue to reduce over time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.