bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Gain Prevention among Women
Authors: Levine Michele D. , Klem Mary Lou , Kalarchian Melissa A. , Wing Rena R. , Weissfeld Lisa , Qin Li , Marcus Marsha D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Women 25 to 45 years old are at risk for weight gain and future obesity. This trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of two interventions relative to a control group in preventing weight gain among normal or overweight women and to identify demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors related to weight gain prevention.Research Methods and Procedures: Healthy women (N = 284), ages 25 to 44, with BMI < 30 were randomized to one of three intervention conditions: a clinic‐based group, a correspondence course, or an information‐only control. Intervention was provided over 2 years, with a follow‐up at Year 3. BMI and factors related to eating and weight were assessed yearly.Results: Over the 3‐year study period, 40% (n = 114) of the women remained at or below baseline body weight (±2 lbs), and 60% gained weight (>2 lbs). Intervention had no effect on weight over time. Independently of intervention, women who were older, not actively dieting to lose weight, and who reported less perceived hunger at baseline were more likely to be successful at weight maintenance. Weight maintenance also was associated with increasing dietary restraint (conscious thoughts and purposeful behaviors to control calorie intake) and decreasing dietary disinhibition (the tendency to lose control over eating) over time.Discussion: This study raises concern about the feasibility and efficacy of weight gain prevention interventions because most women were interested in weight loss, rather than weight gain prevention, and the interventions had no effect on weight stability. Novel approaches to the prevention of weight gain are needed.
Does Excess Pregnancy Weight Gain Constitute a Major Risk for Increasing Long‐term BMI?
Authors: Amorim Amanda R. , Rössner Stephan , Neovius Martin , Lourenço Paulo M. , Linné Yvonne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to assess the relevance of the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), regarding gestational weight gain (GWG) for long‐term BMI development.Research Methods and Procedures: The Stockholm Pregnancy and Women's Nutrition is a follow‐up study of 483 women who delivered children in 1984 to 1985. ANOVA was used to examine the change in body weight before pregnancy, at 6 months, and 1 year postpartum and 15 years after childbirth. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the predictors of BMI at 15‐year follow‐up.Results: The weight increase from baseline to 15‐year follow‐up was 6.2 kg for IOM‐insufficient, 6.7 kg for IOM‐recommended, and 10.0 kg for IOM‐excessive weight gain (p < 0.01). ANOVA showed a main effect of time, group and group by time interaction. The weight of the women who had excessive GWG was significantly greater at each time‐point of follow‐up than the weight of those who gained within or below recommendations. GWG was related to BMI at 15‐year follow‐up even after accounting for several confounders. Women who gained excessive weight during pregnancy had an increase of 0.72 kg/m2 in long‐term BMI compared with women who gained within recommendations.Discussion: The findings support the adequateness of IOM guidelines, not only for the pregnancy‐related health matters, but also for preventing long‐term weight retention after delivery. Healthcare providers should give women appropriate advice for controlling GWG and motivate them to lose pregnancy‐related weight during postpartum to prevent future overweight.
Binge Eating Disorder and Night Eating Syndrome in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Allison Kelly C. , Crow Scott J. , Reeves Rebecca R. , West Delia Smith , Foreyt John P. , DiLillo Vicki G. , Wadden Thomas A. , Jeffery Robert W. , Van Dorsten Brent , Stunkard Albert J. ,   The Eating Disorders Subgroup of the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine the prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) and night eating syndrome (NES) among applicants to the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study.Research Methods and Procedures: The Eating Disorders Examination–Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) and the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) were used to screen patients. Phone interviews were conducted using the EDE for those who reported at least eight episodes of objective binge eating in the past month and using the Night Eating Syndrome History and Interview for those who scored ≥25 on the NEQ. Recruitment at four sites (Birmingham, n = 200; Houston, n = 259; Minneapolis, n = 182; and Philadelphia, n = 204) yielded 845 participants (58% women; mean age = 60.1 ± 6.7 years; mean BMI = 36.2 ± 6.3 kg/m2).Results: Screening scores were met by 47 (5.6%) applicants on the EDE‐Q and 71 (8.4%) on the NEQ. Of the 85% (40/47) who completed the EDE interview, 12 were diagnosed with BED, representing 1.4% of the total sample. Of the 72% (51/71) who completed the Night Eating Syndrome History and Interview, 32 were diagnosed with NES, equal to 3.8% of the total sample. Three participants had both BED and NES. Participants with eating disorders were younger, heavier, and reported more eating pathology than those without eating disorders.Discussion: Among obese adults with type 2 diabetes, NES was reported more frequently than BED, which, in turn, was less common than expected.
Which Obesity Index Best Explains Prevalence Differences in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Lorenzo Carlos , Serrano‐Ríos Manuel , Martínez‐Larrad María T. , Gonzalez‐Villalpando Clicerio , Williams Ken , Gabriel Rafael , Stern Michael P. , Haffner Steven M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Obesity drives the diabetes epidemic. However, it is not known which obesity index best explains variations in type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence across populations.Research Methods and Procedures: We analyzed three cross‐sectional studies from San Antonio, TX, (Mexican‐Americans and non‐Hispanic whites, n = 2839), Mexico City (n = 2233), and Spain (n = 2161) (age range, 35 to 64 years). We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to assess performance for identifying diabetic subjects and logistic regression analysis to examine differences in diabetes prevalence.Results: AUCs for waist circumference and BMI were similar in white subjects, but the AUC for waist circumference was greater in Mexican‐origin subjects (Mexican men, 0.594 vs. 0.549, p = 0.008; and women, 0.605 vs. 0.557, p = 0.002; Mexican‐American men, 0.648 vs. 0.600, p < 0.001; and women, 0.744 vs. 0.693, p < 0.001). The AUC for waist‐to‐height ratio tended to be greater than that for waist circumference, but statistical significance was demonstrated only in Mexican women (0.628 vs. 0.613, p = 0.044), Mexican‐American women (0.774 vs. 0.758, p < 0.001), and Spanish women (0.734 vs. 0.715, p = 0.039). No obesity index was consistently superior to the others for explaining differences in diabetes prevalence among populations.Conclusions: In white and Mexican‐origin men, waist circumference may be the preferred marker for identifying diabetic subjects on account of its simplicity; in women, waist‐to‐height ratio may be better. Differences in diabetes prevalence among these populations cannot be attributed to a single measure of obesity.
Calcium and Body Fat in Peripubertal Girls: Cross‐sectional and Longitudinal Observations
Authors: Barr Susan I. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to investigate whether calcium intake is independently associated with body fat in peripubertal girls.Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 45 healthy premenarcheal girls (initially 10.5 ± 0.6 years of age) completed a 2‐year prospective observational study. Percent body fat and trunk fat (by DXA), height, weight, maturational stage, and eating attitudes (children's Eating Attitudes Test [EAT]) were measured at baseline and at 1 and 2 years. Physical activity (by questionnaire) and calcium intake (by calcium‐specific food frequency questionnaire and 3‐day food records) were assessed at 6‐month intervals.Results: Girls with 2‐year mean calcium intake below and above the median had similar age, height, lean mass, and maturational stage at baseline, but girls below the median had significantly higher baseline percentage body fat (29.3 ± 10.3% vs. 22.0 ± 6.8%, p < 0.01) and trunk fat (24.2 ± 10.6% vs. 15.8 ± 6.8%, p < 0.01). However, differences were no longer significant when covariates (most notably children's EAT dieting score) were considered. Regression analysis revealed that dieting score was a consistent positive predictor of percentage body and trunk fat at all cross‐sectional time‐points, accounting for >20% of the variance, but did not predict 2‐year change in percentage fat. Calcium intake did not enter longitudinal regression equations for 2‐year change in percentage fat.Discussion: In this group of girls, an inverse cross‐sectional association between calcium intake and body fat appeared to result from avoidance of foods high in calcium by girls who were concerned about their body weight or shape. Calcium intake was not associated with change in fat over time.
A Community Intervention Reduces BMI z‐score in Children: Shape Up Somerville First Year Results
Authors: Economos Christina D. , Hyatt Raymond R. , Goldberg Jeanne P. , Must Aviva , Naumova Elena N. , Collins Jessica J. , Nelson Miriam E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to test the hypothesis that a community‐based environmental change intervention could prevent weight gain in young children (7.6 ± 1.0 years).Research Methods and Procedures: A non‐randomized controlled trial was conducted in three culturally diverse urban cities in Massachusetts. Somerville was the intervention community; two socio‐demographically‐matched cities were control communities. Children (n = 1178) in grades 1 to 3 attending public elementary schools participated in an intervention designed to bring the energy equation into balance by increasing physical activity options and availability of healthful foods within the before‐, during‐, after‐school, home, and community environments. Many groups and individuals within the community (including children, parents, teachers, school food service providers, city departments, policy makers, healthcare providers, before‐ and after‐school programs, restaurants, and the media) were engaged in the intervention. The main outcome measure was change in BMI z‐score.Results: At baseline, 44% (n = 385), 36% (n = 561), and 43% (n = 232) of children were above the 85th percentile for BMI z‐score in the intervention and the two control communities, respectively. In the intervention community, BMI z‐score decreased by −0.1005 (p = 0.001, 95% confidence interval, −0.1151 to −0.0859) compared with children in the control communities after controlling for baseline covariates.Discussion: A community‐based environmental change intervention decreased BMI z‐score in children at high risk for obesity. These results are significant given the obesigenic environmental backdrop against which the intervention occurred. This model demonstrates promise for communities throughout the country confronted with escalating childhood obesity rates.
Down‐regulation of Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase‐1 in Adipose Tissue by High‐fat Feeding
Authors: Hétu Pierre‐Olivier , Riendeau Denis 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Prostaglandin (PG)E2 is a lipid mediator implicated in inflammatory diseases and in the regulation of lipolysis and adipocyte differentiation. This work was, thus, undertaken to study the regulation of the various PGE2 synthases (PGESs) in obesity.Research Methods and Procedures: C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to a high‐fat or regular diet for 12 weeks. The levels of PGE2 in white adipose tissue (WAT) of lean and obese mice were quantified by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and the change in expression of the three major PGES caused by diet‐induced obesity was characterized by Western blotting. Human preadipocytes and 3T3‐L1 cells were used to assess the expression of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) during adipogenesis.Results: mPGES‐1, mPGES‐2, and cytosolic PGES proteins were all detected in WAT of lean animals. mPGES‐1 was expressed at higher levels in WAT than in any other tissues examined and was more abundant (3‐ to 4‐fold) in epididymal (visceral) compared with inguinal (subcutaneous) WAT. Expression of mPGES‐1 was also detected in undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells and in human primary subcutaneous preadipocytes at all stages of adipogenesis. The mPGES‐1 protein was substantially down‐regulated in epididymal and inguinal WAT of obese mice, whereas mPGES‐2 and cytosolic PGES remained relatively stable. Concordantly, the PGE2 levels in obese inguinal WAT were significantly lower than those of lean animals.Discussion: These data suggest that mPGES‐1 is the major form of PGESs contributing to the synthesis of PGE2 in WAT and that its down‐regulation might be involved in the alterations of lipolysis and adipogenesis associated with obesity.
Short Allele of Serotonin Transporter Gene Promoter Is a Risk Factor for Obesity in Adolescents
Authors: Sookoian Silvia , Gemma Carolina , García Silvia I. , Gianotti Tomas Fernández , Dieuzeide Guillermo , Roussos Adriana , Tonietti Miriam , Trifone Liliana , Kanevsky Diego , González Claudio D. , Pirola Carlos J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObesity and hypertension are increasing medical problems in adolescents. Serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) is involved in mood and eating disturbances. Encoded by the gene SLC6A4, the promoter shows functional insertion/deletion alleles: long (L) and short (S). Because individuals who are carriers for the short version are known to be at risk for higher levels of anxiety, we hypothesized that this variant may be associated with overweight. Data and blood samples were collected from 172 adolescents out of a cross‐sectional, population‐based study of 934 high school students. To replicate the findings, we also included 119 outpatients from the Nutrition and Diabetes Section of the Children's County Hospital. We found that the S allele was associated with overweight (BMI > 85th percentile), being a risk factor for overweight independently of sex, age, and hypertension [odds ratio (OR): 1.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 3.05; p < 0.02]. Additionally, in the outpatient study, compared with the homozygous LL subjects, S allele carriers showed a higher BMI z‐score (1.47 ± 1.09 vs. 0.51 ± 1.4; p < 0.002) and were more frequent in overweight children. In conclusion, the S allele of the SLC6A4 promoter variant is associated with overweight being an independent genetic risk factor for obesity.
Weight Loss on the Web: A Pilot Study Comparing a Structured Behavioral Intervention to a Commercial Program
Authors: Gold Beth Casey , Burke Susan , Pintauro Stephen , Buzzell Paul , Harvey‐Berino Jean 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Internet weight loss programs have become widely available as alternatives to standard treatment, but few data are available on their efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a structured behavioral weight loss website (VTrim) vs. a commercial weight loss website (eDiets.com).Research Methods and Procedures: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted from February 2003 to March 2005, in 124 overweight and obese subjects ages 18 years and older with a BMI of 25 to 39.9 kg/m2 (mean age, 47 ± 9 years; BMI, 32 ± 3 kg/m2; 20% men). Analyses were performed for the 88 subjects who had complete follow‐up data. Participants were randomly assigned to 12‐month VTrim (n = 62) or eDiets.com (n = 62) intervention. VTrim participants had access to a therapist‐led structured behavioral weight loss program delivered on‐line. eDiets.com subjects had access to a self‐help commercial on‐line weight loss program. Body weight, social support, and use of website components were measured at 0, 6, and 12 months.Results: Repeated‐measures analyses showed that the VTrim group lost significantly more weight than the eDiets.com group at 6 months (8.3 ± 7.9 kg vs. 4.1 ± 6.2 kg; p = 0.004) and maintained a greater loss at 12 months (7.8 ± 7.5 kg vs. 3.4 ± 5.8 kg; p = 0.002). More participants in the VTrim group maintained a 5% weight loss goal (65% vs. 37.5%; p = 0.01) at 12 months.Discussion: An on‐line, therapist‐led structured behavioral weight loss website produced greater weight loss than a self‐help commercial website. Because commercial sites have great potential public health impact, future research should investigate the feasibility of incorporating a more structured behavioral program into a commercial application.
Waist Circumference as a Predictor of Disability among Older Adults
Authors: Guallar‐Castillón Pilar , Sagardui‐Villamor Jon , Banegas José R. , Graciani Auxiliadora , Fornés Nélida Schmid , García Esther López , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Few studies have addressed the association between abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference (WC), and disability in the elderly. Moreover, those studies were cross‐sectional and yielded inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to examine longitudinally the association between WC and self‐reported disability among older adults.Research Methods and Procedures: A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2001 to 2003 in 3235 persons (1411 men and 1824 women) representative of the non‐institutionalized Spanish population ages 60 years and older. Baseline information was collected by home‐based personal interviews and measurement of WC, weight, and height. Two years later, information on disability was obtained by telephone interview. The association of interest was summarized with odds ratios obtained by logistic regression.Results: Among persons reporting no disability at baseline, WC predicted disability 2 years later. After adjustment for age, education, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, men in the highest WC quintile had 2.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 4.09) times more risk of mobility disability and 4.77 (95% confidence interval, 2.50 to 9.13) times more risk of agility disability than those in the lowest quintile. Additional adjustment for BMI, chronic diseases, and cognitive function led to only a slight reduction in this association. Results were similar for women. No statistically significant association was observed between WC and restriction of daily activities, limitation in instrumental activities of daily living, and limitation in bathing or dressing, in either men or women.Discussion: WC predicts mobility and agility disability in old age. Avoidance of the highest values of WC might decrease the risk of disability in older adults.
Impact of Vitamin A on High‐Density Lipoprotein‐Cholesterol and Scavenger Receptor Class BI in the Obese Rat
Authors: Jeyakumar Shanmugam M. , Vajreswari Ayyalasomayajula , Giridharan Nappan V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Scavenger receptor class BI (SR‐BI), authentic high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) receptors expressed in liver, are known to play an important role in HDL‐cholesterol (C) metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. Interestingly, obese rats of WNIN/Ob strain have abnormally elevated levels of serum HDL‐C compared with their lean counterparts. Based on the well‐established role of SR‐B1 in HDL‐C metabolism, it was hypothesized that these obese rats may have an underexpression of hepatic SR‐B1 receptors. In view of the significant role of vitamin A in energy expenditure and obesity, we also tested whether vitamin A supplementation can correct abnormal HDL‐C metabolism.Research Methods and Procedures: To test this hypothesis, 7‐month‐old male lean and obese rats of WNIN/Ob strain were divided into two groups; each group was subdivided into two subgroups consisting of six lean and six obese rats and received diets containing either 2.6 or 129 mg vitamin A/kg diet for 2 months.Results: At the end, obese rats receiving normal levels of vitamin A diet showed high serum HDL‐C and lower hepatic SR‐BI expression levels compared with lean counterparts. Furthermore, chronic dietary vitamin A supplementation resulted in overexpression of hepatic SR‐BI receptors (protein and gene) with concomitant reduction in serum HDL‐C levels in obese rats.Discussion: Thus, our observations highlight the role of vitamin A in reverse cholesterol transport through up‐regulation of hepatic SR‐BI receptors and, thereby, HDL‐C homeostasis in obese rats of WNIN/Ob strain.
Treatment Outcome in People with Subthreshold Compared with Full‐Syndrome Binge Eating Disorder
Authors: Friederich Hans‐Christoph , Schild Sandra , Wild Beate , De Zwaan Martina , Quenter Andrea , Herzog Wolfgang , Zipfel Stephan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: There is a controversial discussion in the literature as to whether individuals with subthreshold binge eating disorder (subBED) differ clinically significantly from individuals with full‐syndrome binge eating disorder (BED). This study was designed to compare eating‐related and general psychopathology at baseline and in response to a multimodal treatment program in obese people with subBED compared with BED.Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 96 obese participants (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were assessed for eating‐related and general psychopathology at baseline. Thirty‐nine participants meeting criteria for BED and 19 participants meeting criteria for subBED attended a 15‐session outpatient group therapy including cognitive behavioral therapy extended by interpersonal therapy, nutritional counseling, and a supervised walking exercise. Participants with eating disorders were reassessed at the end of treatment and at 3‐month follow‐up. The obese control group without an eating disorder (n = 38) was assessed once. This was not a randomized controlled trial.Results: Intent‐to‐treat analyses revealed no differences between subBED and full‐syndrome BED participants with regard to eating‐related and general psychopathology at baseline and with regard to treatment outcome. All participants experienced substantial improvements, and the results remained stable during follow‐up (except for dietary restraint). At follow‐up, participants with subBED and BED remained different from non‐eating disorder controls in eating‐related but not general psychopathology.Discussion: The findings indicate that our multimodal treatment program is equally effective in obese subBED and BED participants, suggesting that a differentiation currently seems not to be of clinical significance.