bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Changes of Allophane During Purification Procedures as Determined by Solid-State 27Al and 29Si NMR
Authors: Hiradate Syuntaro 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAllophanes are poorly crystalline and quasi-stable aluminosilicate minerals, the structures of which are sensitive to chemical treatment. In the present study, solid-state 27Al and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of allophane samples were monitored as they went through several purification procedures. It was confirmed that no significant structural changes were caused by boiling with 6% H2O2 to remove organic matter, by size fractionation (sonification), by sedimentation, by precipitation at pH 4.0, or by dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate treatment for the removal of Fe (hydr)oxides. Hot 5% Na2CO3 treatment for the removal of reactive silica-alumina gels and adsorbed citrate from allophane samples, however, decreased signal intensity corresponding to imogolite-like Si (Q33VIAl, −78 ppm in 29Si NMR) and increased signal intensities corresponding to IVAl (55 ppm in 27Al NMR) and possibly X-ray amorphous aluminosilicates (centered at −85 ppm in 29Si NMR). Cold (room temperature) 5% Na2CO3 treatment for 16 h proved to be effective in avoiding these structural changes.
Kaolin Deposits from the Northern Sector of the Cunene Anorthosite Complex (Southern Angola)
Authors: Saviano Giovanna , Violo Maurizio , Pieruccini Umberto , Lopes da Silva Emidio Tertulliano 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe Mevaiela kaolin deposits are located in the northern part of the anorthositic-gabbro massif within the Cunene complex (southern Angola) and were formed by the alteration of basic anorthosites and gabbros. The Mevaiela area is part of an elevated region which is located between two extensive NNW-SSE fracture systems. Several kaolinite samples were collected from a quarry (main excavation) and from drill-holes as well as from surficial occurrences in the Cunene complex. Chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy and isotope analyses were performed in order to model the kaolinite occurrences. The alteration of the anorthosite to kaolin approaching the main excavation is characterized by significant decrease in alkaline-earth and transition metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Co, Ni and Mn) between the average anorthosite and the kaolin. The crystallinity indices suggest that the kaolin contains kaolinite with a reasonably well ordered structure and near the transition between T (triclinic) and pM (pseudo monoclinic).Mineral exploration tools have been evaluated during this study to assist in future kaolin exploration in the Cunene anorthosite complex.Isotopic analysis of O and D indicates that Ca-feldspar alteration is essentially due to meteoric fluids, over a different range of temperatures. Furthermore, the presence of quartz-feldspar veinlets in the kaolinite bodies could be the result of hydrothermal activity linked to post-anorthosite granite intrusions of the so-called ‘red granite’. Kaolinite from Cunene plots on or close to the kaolinite line into the ‘warm temperature in tropical region’ area (surficial samples). Samples from drill-holes plot on the left and show the largest displacement from the KS line; these samples also have a relatively reduced δD range of values (−65 to −98%). However, if supergene processes take place in the presence of waters of meteoric origin at temperatures similar to typical surface temperatures, the clays thus formed should plot either in the vicinity of the KS line or be displaced towards lower δO18 and higher δD, depending on both the temperature and relative proportion of clay to water.
Psychoanalyzing the Prepsychoanalytic Subject
Authors: Marshall Cynthia 
Published: November 2005

But look more carefully […]. [T]here is something other, some strewn matter, that does not absorb […].—Adam Thorpe,UlvertonDeclaring Psychoanalysis “Finally Dead and buried” is “one of the seasonal rituals of our intellectual life” (Žižek 7). In the latest salvo of this battle, Lee Patterson rehearses the argument that debunking the scientific base of Freudianism renders the theory useless to the humanities, and he objects particularly to the application of psychoanalytic models to medieval texts—an exercise, for him, in anachronistic reasoning. Patterson's claim recalls earlier rounds led by Stephen Greenblatt and, a decade before that, in a more totalizing vein, by Frederick Crews. My title indicates my interest in the dispute: where Patterson calls psychoanalysis an “ambulance” or “hearse” (656), I argue that the theory is less a vehicle to be abandoned or replaced and more something organic and renewable—an evolving body of ideas that provides techniques for reading. However, in this short essay I will not construct an apologia for psychoanalytic theory generally but take on the more limited task of characterizing recent uses of the theory in critical engagements with early modern texts. Salient qualities of this work have been overlooked by those who demonize psychoanalysis (a habit suggested by Žižek's image) or are allergic to anything linked to Freud.
E Pluribus Unum?
Authors: kirkpatrick susan 
Published: November 2005

Forty years ago, when my department was established as one of the first departments of the new San Diego campus of the University of California (UCSD), its founders had a free hand to construct a new model for literary study by recasting the institutional infrastructure that traditionally divided the field by language or language group. The initial vision, as summarized in the introduction to an early graduate program review, was relatively abstract:The Department of Literature was founded […] on the uncommon but quite logical assumption that there are habits of mind and methods of inquiry peculiar to literary study, whatever the language, and that the literatures of the world have more in common than the usual departmental divisions acknowledge. […] From the standpoint of research and teaching interests, [its structure] runs counter to the provincialism that afflicts many departments of single national literatures.(“Graduate Program Review”)
What's Foreign and What's Familiar?
Authors: Pratt Mary Louise 
Published: November 2005

One of my favorite anthropological anecdotes is one Renato Rosaldo tells from his fieldwork among the Ilongots in the highland Philippines in the late 1960s. He was interviewing a very elderly woman about kinship and marriage and raised the topic of adultery. Did it ever happen, he wondered, that a married person became the lover of someone other than his or her spouse? The woman, uneasy and embarrassed, acknowledged that she did recall a few occasions when this had happened among the Ilongots:At one point she stopped short in mid-tale and asked, “Does this kind of thing happen in your country?” I laughed. Hoping to reassure her, I said that Americans committed adultery much more often than Ilongots. […] A look of shock spread over her face as she asked, “You mean it's spread?” (101)
Why Major in Literature—What Do We Tell Our Students?
Authors: Pope Randolph D. 
Published: November 2005

The progression from language instruction or composition to the higher discipline of literature is no longer the only or even preferred path everywhere. For example, MIT stresses that its literature program goes beyond the traditional:The program in Literature leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Literature is equivalent to the curricula in English (or literary studies) of the major liberal arts universities. The Literature curriculum is notable also for its inclusion, along with traditional literary themes and topics, of materials drawn from film and media, from popular culture, and from minority and ethnic culture. (“Major”)
The Sweatshop Sublime
Authors: Robbins Bruce 
Published: November 2005

There is a passage in David Lodge's 1988 Novel nice work in which the heroine, a marxist-feminist critic who teaches English literature, looks out the window of an airplane and sees the division of labor.Factories, shops, offices, schools, beginning the working day. People crammed into rush-hour buses and trains, or sitting at the wheels of their cars in traffic jams, or washing up breakfast things in the kitchens of pebble-dashed semis. All inhabiting their own little worlds, oblivious of how they fitted into the total picture. The housewife, switching on her electric kettle to make another cup of tea, gave no thought to the immense complex of operations that made that simple action possible: the building and maintenance of the power station that produced the electricity, the mining of coal or pumping of oil to fuel the generators, the laying of miles of cable to carry the current to her house, the digging and smelting and milling of ore or bauxite into sheets of steel or aluminum, the cutting and pressing and welding of the metal into the kettle's shell, spout and handle, the assembling of these parts with scores of other components—coils, screws, nuts, bolts, washers, rivets, wires, springs, rubber insulation, plastic trimmings; then the packaging of the kettle, the advertising of the kettle, the marketing of the kettle, to wholesale and retail outlets, the transportation of the kettle to warehouses and shops, the calculation of its price, and the distribution of its added value between all the myriad people and agencies concerned in its production and circulation. The housewife gave no thought to all this as she switched on her kettle.
Archaic Contamination: Hegel and the History of Dead Matter
Authors: Fay Elizabeth 
Published: November 2005

I tell every body it [the Life] will be an Egyptian Pyramid in which there will be a compleat mummy of Johnson that Literary Monarch.—James Boswell (qtd. in Wendorf 105)Michel de Certeau thinks about reading as an archaic practice: “Readers are travelers; they move across lands belonging to someone else … despoiling the wealth of Egypt to enjoy it themselves” (174). Embedded in Certeau's romanticization of reading is a history of how Egypt has been read: as wealth to be plundered, as endlessly available texts, as the ruin of time. Pose against this lostness Friedrich Nietzsche's contention that all philosophy is just Egyptianism, the nostalgia for and reification of a past tense without a dynamic sense of history, so many “conceptual mummies” (35). Nietzsche reminds us to consider not lost origins but the possibility of endings, not the loss of history but its death—not death in the sense of apocalypse as Percy Bysshe Shelley's “now” and the release of new time in Prometheus Unbound but death as the archaic, the ruin, the mute, as Egypt's lost “now” and the end stop of archaic time. I will pursue the problems of the archaic, poetic ground, and translative readings Romantically through Hegel's Egyptianized account of aesthetic practices, for Nietzsche's post-Romantic Egyptianism mummifies thought. Although Hegel's Egyptianizing also concerns the dead matter of the past, his account renders that matter as dynamic. His revivification of the archaic Romantically accounts for its contaminative potential as a mysterious text whose translation can unearth a curse, and/or a promise, for the new.
Special Relationships: British Higher Education and the Global Marketplace
Authors: Geiger Jeffrey 
Published: November 2005

Americans living in England are sometimes inspired by a sense of belated recognition, a desire to claim the place as their own through an imagined return to an ancestral or a spiritual homeland. Nathaniel Hawthorne was hardly enamored of English life when he took up residence in Liverpool in 1853; nonetheless, after two years' stay he writes of a “latent” recognition: “I suppose there is still latent in us Americans (even of two centuries date, and more, like myself) an adaptation to the English climate, which makes it like native soil and air to us” (121-22). But even as Hawthorne became more at home in England, his contentment was disturbed by the political realities of living in the United Kingdom-an imperial entity created by an act of Parliament in 1801. Appearing at the edges of the detailed travel descriptions in the notebooks are lingering resentments over previous British-American conflicts and a dislike of the colonizer mentality. Writing in October 1854, during the CrimeanWar, Hawthorne adopts the tone of an expatriate's disdain: “Success makes an Englishman intolerable; and already, on the mistaken idea that the way was open to a prosperous conclusion to this war, the Times had begun to throw out menaces against America. I shall never love England till she sues to us for help” (91). Hawthorne's reference is to two Times articles that are worth citing here, in that they seem to prefigure our era of “precision warfare” and triumphalist national self-regard: “The incidents of this [Crimean] war have already immeasurably increased the mutual confidence and respect of two nations [France and Britain] which have just shown they are the most powerful states in the world,” declared the Times on 4 October. The following day it stated:The lessons learned at Bomarsund and Sebastopol will not be forgotten, for they have introduced a new era in warfare by throwing doubt on places before deemed impregnable, and showing that the promptitude of an attack supported by the engines of modern warfare may supercede the more protracted operations of former sieges. The rapid triumphs which are wonderful now would have been impossible before.(qtd. in Hawthorne 632)
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer: Optimal Use of Epirubicin
Authors: Glück Stefan 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer.Critically assess the use of anthracyclines as part of adjuvant chemotherapy.Describe the delivery of anthracyclines regarding dose, dose intensity, and dose density.Evaluate the use of trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Anthracyclines are central components of adjuvant combination chemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer. Epirubicin is underutilized for this indication in the United States, where it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1999, compared to Europe and Canada, where it gained approval in 1980. Use of epirubicin offers advantages in specific treatment settings and patient subsets, including situations where use of dose-dense and/or dose-intense protocols may provide additional benefits and where combinations including taxanes and/or trastuzumab may provide increased efficacy. Epirubicin also has a distinct safety profile compared to doxorubicin with regard to cardiotoxicity. In order to optimize treatment benefits and safety concerns for node-positive, node-negative and HER-2–positive patients as well as patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy and elderly patients it is worthwhile to consider the potential benefits of epirubicin.
The Role of Taxanes in the Management of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Galsky Matthew D. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: List the prognostic factors that are the best predictors of outcome for patients with metastatic bladder cancer.Interpret the results of the completed phase III trials comparing MVAC with taxane-based regimens in patients with metastatic bladder cancer.Describe the ongoing multinational phase III trial using taxane-based therapy in patients with metastatic bladder cancer.Define the role of taxanes as perioperative therapy in patients with localized bladder cancer.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a chemo-sensitive neoplasm. Whereas the MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) regimen was long considered the standard of care for patients with advanced disease, the evaluation of newer agents with retained activity and improved tolerability has been the focus of much investigation over the past decade. Among the most important of these newer agents are taxanes. Whereas taxane-containing regimens have not yet been shown to improve the survival of patients with transitional cell carcinoma in randomized trials, ongoing phase III trials will further define the role of these agents in both the perioperative and advanced disease settings.
Practice Points, Consensus, and Controversial Issues in the Management of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Sanz Miguel A. , Tallman Martin S. , Lo-Coco Francesco 
Published: November 2005

AbstractLearning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Manage patients with a suspicion of APL.Select appropriate diagnostic tools and strategies for rapid genetic diagnosis and molecular monitoring of minimal residual disease in APL patients.Select appropriate frontline treatment and supportive care for patients with APL.Provide practice points for appropriate evaluation of response.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.comRecent reviews on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treatment have focused on comparing therapeutic approaches, including all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy, and do not address several other aspects of APL management that are relevant to the outcome in individual patients. These aspects include appropriate diagnostic tools and strategies, supportive care, recognition and treatment of life-threatening complications, evaluation of response, and, finally, management of the disease in special conditions such as older patients and pregnant women. In addition to reviewing current consensus and controversies of ATRA and chemotherapy treatment, this article addresses the above issues of APL management with special emphasis on aspects that distinguish APL from other acute myelogenous leukemias.
Current Therapy for Wilms’ Tumor
Authors: Metzger Monika L. , Dome Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the clinical and biological prognostic factors for Wilms’ tumor.Discuss the different treatment strategies and staging systems adopted in North America and Europe.Explain the challenges and treatment approaches for anaplastic, bilateral, and recurrent Wilms’ tumor.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Wilms’ tumor was the first solid malignancy in which the value of adjuvant chemotherapy was established. Multimodality treatment has resulted in a significant improvement in outcome from approximately 30% in the 1930s to more than 85% in the modern era. Although the National Wilms’ Tumor Study Group and the International Society of Pediatric Oncology differ philosophically regarding the merits of preoperative chemotherapy, outcomes of patients treated with either up-front nephrectomy or preoperative chemotherapy have been excellent. The goal of current clinical trials is to reduce therapy for children with low-risk tumors, thereby avoiding acute and long-term toxicities. At the same time, current clinical trials seek to augment therapy for patients with high-risk Wilms’ tumor, including those with bilateral, anaplastic, and recurrent favorable histology tumors.
Renal Safety and Efficacy of i.v. Bisphosphonates in Patients with Skeletal Metastases Treated for up to 10 Years
Authors: Guarneri Valentina , Donati Sara , Nicolini Massimiliano , Giovannelli Simona , D'Amico Roberto , Conte Pier Franco 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Introduction. Bisphosphonates (BPs) delay the onset or reduce the incidence of skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases. However, there are few data on the renal safety and activity of i.v. BPs beyond 2 years of administration.
Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed serum creatinine (SCr) levels and skeletal-related events (SREs) in cancer patients receiving i.v. BPs for ≥ 24 months. All patients received 90 mg pamidronate every 3–4 weeks. Pre- and post-treatment SCr levels and the peak levels attained were recorded. A notable SCr increase was defined as: an increase &gt;0.5 mg/dl for patients with baseline SCr &lt;1.4 mg/dl; an increase &gt;1 mg/dl for patients with baseline SCr &gt;1.4 mg/dl; or doubling over baseline. The following parameters were also analyzed: the proportion of patients with at least one SRE, the distribution of each type of SRE, the time to first SRE, and the skeletal morbidity rate (SMR).
Results. Fifty-seven patients with bone metastases resulting from breast cancer (BC) (n = 48), multiple myeloma (n = 7), renal cell carcinoma (n = 1), and prostate cancer (n = 1) were evaluated. The median age at the start of treatment was 57 years (range, 27–81); 25% of the patients were &gt;70 years old. Forty-three patients received pamidronate then switched to zoledronic acid. The median overall duration of BP administration was 34 months (range, 24+ to 131+), with a median duration of zoledronic acid therapy of 25 months (range, 2–40). Twenty-seven of 48 BC patients received different chemotherapy regimens (median number of lines, 2; range, 1–6). The median SCr levels were: baseline, 0.82 mg/dl (range, 0.4–1.4); time of analysis, 0.89 mg/dl (0.4–2); highest level, 1.0 mg/dl (0.5–2). A notable SCr increase was observed in seven patients (12.2%; all grade 1). Twenty-six patients (45.6%) experienced SREs after starting BP treatment. The median time to first SRE was 911 days (95% confidence interval, 731; 1,023). The SMR was 0.20 events per year. Ten patients ceased treatment because of: an SCr level of 2 mg/dl (n = 1) physician decision (n = 6) and jaw osteonecrosis (n = 3). Ten patients died of progressive disease.
Conclusion. i.v. BPs are safe and active during prolonged treatment administration, and renal function is maintained in patients receiving multiple cytotoxic therapies. Jaw osteonecrosis occurred in 5% of the study population, and its causal relationship with BP treatment requires further observation and study.
Subchronic effects of methylmercury on plasma and organ biochemistries in great egret nestlings
Authors: Hoffman David J. , Spalding Marilyn G. , Frederick Peter C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn recent years, high concentrations of mercury have been found in wading birds in Florida, USA. Great egret (Ardea alba) chicks (2 weeks old) were dosed orally daily with the equivalent of 0, 0.5, or 5 μg/g Hg as methylmercury chloride in the diet for up to 12 weeks. Weakness of the legs or paralysis occurred in all high-dosed birds. Geometric mean blood Hg concentrations were 0.17, 10.3, and 78.5 μg/g (wet wt), respectively. Mercury concentrations for organs (μg/g wet wt), including brain (0.22, 3.4, and 35, respectively), liver (0.34, 15.1, 138, respectively), and kidney (0.28, 8.1, and 120, respectively), increased in a dose-dependent manner. Total glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activity was significantly lower in the plasma, brain, liver, and kidney of the high-dosed group. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity increased with mercury treatment, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity decreased. Four other plasma chemistries were decreased significantly in the high-dosed group and included uric acid, total protein, albumin, and inorganic phosphorus. Lipid peroxidation increased in liver (low and high dose) and brain (high dose). Tissue changes in concentrations of reduced thiols included decreased total thiols and protein-bound thiols in liver, decreased protein-bound thiols in kidney, and increased GSH in kidney and brain. Activities of GSH S-transferase and oxidized glutathione reductase increased in liver. In kidney, GSH S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities increased with mercury dose. These findings, including apparent compensatory changes, are compared to other Hg studies where oxidative stress was reported in egrets, herons, and diving ducks in the field and mallards in the laboratory.