bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender disparity in living organ donation: a qualitative analysis of experiences and perceptions of female donors in Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Mahrukh , Saleem Javeria , Tehreem Abida , Asghar Raja Sajjad , Ishaq Muhammad , Shahzad Ruhma Binte , Touqeer Aleena , Bukkhari Gul Mehar Javaid 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore and analyse the interplay of sociocultural, psychological and institutional factors, gender roles and power dynamics in shaping the decision-making processes and experiences of living kidney and liver donors in Punjab, specifically focusing on women.DesignThis study employed a qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews to delve into the narratives and experiences of living kidney and liver donors in Punjab.SettingPunjab Human Organ Transplantation Authority (PHOTA), Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.Participants17 participants registered at the PHOTA for kidney or liver donation.ResultsInterviews with living donors at PHOTA, Lahore, provided qualitative data, which was then systematically coded and analysed to identify recurring themes that explore the underlying social and cultural reasons for the observed gender disparity. The qualitative research yielded 17 interviews to include in the analysis, representing the voices of living kidney and liver donors. The study resulted in the following themes emerging: (1) female donation as a consequence of economic vulnerability; (2) comorbidities impacting donor eligibility; (3) altruism among female donors; (4) social and self-benefit of the donors and (5) social obligation on the female donors. These themes transcended the medical considerations and highlighted the interplay between social norms, family dynamics and gendered expectations surrounding caregiving and self-sacrifice.ConclusionThe findings of this study underscore the significant relationship between gender roles, economic pressures and social expectations in the context of living organ donation. The study’s results highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to address the gender gap in living kidney and liver donation. By acknowledging the influence of social and economic factors, strategies to create a more equitable landscape for living kidney and liver donors can be created.
Patterns and factors associated with healthcare utilisation in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study based on the World Health Survey Plus 2023
Authors: Chhim Srean , Kowal Paul , Ngor Chamnab , Long Sereyraksmey , Walton Poppy , Maung Khin Thiri , Marie Ku Grace , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Ng Nawi , Ir Por , Chhea Chhorvann , Sopheab Heng 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe Cambodian government aims to boost healthcare utilisation in public facilities and reduce the spending burden for disadvantaged households. This study aims to describe patterns of public and private outpatient and inpatient healthcare use and investigate the factors associated with public healthcare usage in Cambodia.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in all provinces in Cambodia, including the capital, Phnom Penh. The analysis included 4603 individuals aged ≥18 who had received care within the last 12 months.ResultsAround 9% of outpatient and 50% of inpatient visits were made to public healthcare facilities. The number of outpatient visits made to public healthcare compared with private healthcare facilities was significantly higher in women (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.8), living in rural settings (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.7), those in the poorest (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2, 2.3) and poor (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.1) compared with the richest wealth quintiles, and respondents with insurance coverage (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6, 2.5). The number of inpatient visits made to public healthcare compared with private healthcare facilities was significantly higher in the poorest (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4, 3.9), poor (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5, 4.0) and middle (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5, 4.1) compared with those in the richest wealth quintiles and respondents with insurance coverage (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5, 3.2).ConclusionOur study shows that private healthcare dominates outpatient services in Cambodia, while public healthcare is more significant for inpatient care. Individuals with low socioeconomic status and those with insurance showed higher public healthcare utilisation for outpatient and inpatient services, with women more likely to use public outpatient care. To progress towards universal health coverage, it is essential to improve public healthcare quality, especially in rural areas, expand service coverage and social health protection and develop strategies to engage the private sector.
Association between the number of social roles and self-rated health: mediation effect byikigaiand the size of close social networks
Authors: Suzuki Yuka , Honjo Kaori , Iso Hiroyasu , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Muraki Isao , Sakata Kiyomi , Tanno Kozo , Yasuda Nobufumi , Saito Isao , Kato Tadahiro , Arima Kazuhiko , Nakashima Hiroki , Yamaji Taiki , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Goto Atsushi , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundHealth effects of multiple role occupancy and their mechanism are not fully addressed. We examined (1) the association between the number of social roles and self-rated health (SRH) and (2) the mediation effects ofikigai(the sense of life worth living) and the size of close social networks to the association.MethodsWe analysed the cross-sectional baseline questionnaire data of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation (JPHC-NEXT) of 22 180 men and 26 616 women in age 40–59 years. The independent variable was the number of social roles, counting five social roles as a spouse, parent, child, worker and a role in a community. The dependent variable was poor SRH. Logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs for poor SRH by the number of social roles and to test linear trends. Mediation analyses were conducted to estimate the proportion mediated byikigaiand the size of close social networks.ResultsCompared with people with 0–1 social role, those who had two or more roles had a lower OR of poor SRH in both men and women. There was a linear inverse trend in the association; people having the largest (5) versus lowest (0–1) number of social roles had the lowest ORs: 0.55 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.66) in men and 0.72 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.86) in women. The estimated proportion mediated byikigaiwas over 50%, whereas the size of close social networks mediated the association by approximately 20%.ConclusionAn inverse association between the number of social roles and poor SRH and mediation effects ofikigaiand the size of close social networks were identified. Having even one more social role might benefit subjective health via increasedikigaiand the size of close social networks.
Association of race and ethnicity with mortality in adults with SLE: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Patel Samir , Yang Zijing , Nagra Deepak , Adas Maryam , Russell Mark , Norton Sam , Wincup Chris , Galloway James , Bramham Kate , Gordon Patrick 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesEthnicity and health outcomes are intrinsically interrelated, although mechanisms are complex. SLE is a disease with higher incidence in Asian, Black, Hispanic and Indigenous populations than in White populations. SLE is associated with premature mortality, but it is unclear if ethnicity impacts on health outcomes as studies are frequently underpowered. We aimed to describe the association between SLE and mortality across different racial and ethnic groups using meta-analysis.MethodsWe identified studies of adults with SLE that reported mortality, stratified by racial and ethnic group, through a systematic literature review. We used a pairwise meta-analysis to determine the pooled odds ratio (OR) of death for those from underserved groups compared with those of White race and ethnicity.ResultsThirty-seven studies, comprising 85 578 patients with SLE, were included. Mortality was higher in Black patients (OR 1.30 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.46)) and Indigenous patients (OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.94)), while Asian and Hispanic patients showed no significant differences compared with White patients with SLE. Seventy per cent of included studies were conducted in the USA and when excluded, the significant difference in mortality between Black and White individuals with SLE was no longer seen (OR 0.84 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.31)).ConclusionOverall, patients with SLE from Black or Indigenous racial and ethnic groups had higher mortality than those of White race and ethnicity. We observed no significant association in the mortality of Black patients compared with White patients from non-USA cohorts, but a scarcity of data outside of the USA was highlighted. We promote caution in the use of race and ethnicity as a factor in determining mortality risk until more generalisable data are available.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023379034.
Rare and common single nucleotide variants in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sayadi Ahmed , Sandling Johanna K , Eloranta Maija-Leena ,   ImmunoArray Development Consortium,   DISSECT Consortium, Jönsen Andreas , Gunnarsson Iva , Rantapää-Dahlqvist Solbritt , Sjöwall Christopher , Bengtsson Anders A , Svenungsson Elisabet , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Leonard Dag , Rönnblom Lars 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundSLE is a systemic autoimmune disease with a large number of common risk gene variants, but several rare gene variants can cause monogenic SLE. The relationship between common and rare variants in SLE is unclear. We therefore investigated the occurrence of rare deleterious variants in patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) and adult-onset SLE (aSLE) and compared the frequency of these variants with their individual SLE polygenic risk score (PRS).Materials and methodsTargeted sequencing of 1832 gene regions, including coding regions of 31 genes associated with monogenic SLE, was performed in 958 patients with SLE and 1026 healthy individuals. A total of 116 patients with SLE had disease onset before the age of 18 (cSLE). An SLE common variant PRS was created from 37 SLE genome-wide association study single nucleotide variants (SNVs).ResultsRare coding deleterious SNVs (RD SNVs) were observed in 23 of the monogenic SLE-associated genes. Six per cent of patients with cSLE, compared with 3.2% of controls and 4.6% of patients with aSLE, carried rare deleterious alleles. In cSLE, RD SNVs were observed in theC1S,DDX58,IFIH1,IKZF1,RNASEH2AandC8Agenes. A PRS analysis showed that patients with cSLE with any of these gene variants had a similar average PRS as control individuals.ConclusionRD SNVs were observed in a small proportion of cSLE and carriers of these RD SNVs had a PRS similar to healthy individuals, suggesting the importance of rare coding heterozygous variants in driving disease risk in a subset of children with SLE.
Association of blood pressure and left ventricular mass with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Loh Enver De Wei , Huang Weiting , Sultana Rehena , Kong Siew Ching , Ng Chirk Jenn , Tan Swee Yaw , Chin Calvin , Yap Jonathan Jiunn Liang , Yeo Khung K 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) mass is closely associated with atherosclerotic heart disease, but the mechanisms are not well defined. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with LV mass and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, in an Asian population free of baseline cardiovascular disease.MethodsThe SingHEART study is a population-based cohort in which individuals underwent ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring, cardiac MRI to measure indexed LV mass index (LVMI) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring. Individuals were stratified based on LVMI and the presence of CAC, and intergroup differences in risk factors were analysed. Logistic regression models were used to assess the interaction of BP and LVMI on prevalent CAC.ResultsThe study included 880 subjects (mean age 45.8±11.7 years, 51.4% women). Individuals with high LVMI had higher BP than those with normal LVMI. Across all LVMI groups, higher BP was associated with the presence of CAC. Compared with individuals with normotensive BP and normal LVMI, those with normotensive BP and high LVMI had no increased risk of prevalent CAC (p=0.530); however, risk was progressively higher in those with hypertensive BP and normal LVMI (risk ratio (RR) 1.47, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.91), or hypertensive BP and high LVMI (RR 1.72, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.36).ConclusionsIn this healthy asymptomatic population, hypertension was the strongest risk factor for high LVMI and prevalent CAC. LV hypertrophy was a risk modifier, and its prognostic significance in adults without hypertension requires further study.
Phase 1 study of novel anti-platelet agent to overcome pharmacogenomic limitations of clopidogrel
Authors: Pareek Anil , Chandurkar Nitin , Raut Vivek , Naidu Kumar 
Published: February 2025

AimsClopidogrel is the most commonly prescribed thienopyridine as part of dual anti-platelet therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, clopidogrel responsiveness shows variability based on CYP2C19 polymorphism. Therefore, we planned a study with an objective of evaluating safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of a novel thienopyridine antiplatelet agent AT-10 in healthy Indian subjects compared with standard dosage regimen of clopidogrel based on their CYP2C19 genotyping.MethodsTwo CYP2C19 genotype–based groups were identified, that is, poor metabolisers and extensive metabolisers, with 20 subjects in each group (n=40) for participating in a randomised, two-period, crossover study. Each study period lasted 6 days including administration of loading and maintenance doses of AT-10 (40 mg/10 mg) or clopidogrel (300 mg/75 mg). The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were assessed on day 1 and day 6 at several time intervals.ResultsOverall result of pharmacodynamic parameters showed that mean %inhibition of platelet aggregation between AT-10 and clopidogrel in all subjects at 6 hours postdose (loading dose) (AT-10: clopidogrel; 73.30% vs 18.53%) and 6 hours postdose on day 6 (maintenance dose) (AT-10: clopidogrel; 83.41% vs 51.19 %) obtained from the AT-10 group was significantly higher than the clopidogrel group. Further, %inhibition of platelet aggregation from AT-10 treatment in poor metaboliser group was significantly higher than the clopidogrel treatments in extensive metaboliser group.Overall pharmacokinetic comparison in all subjects indicates that AT-10 gives greater exposure to active Metabolite H4 than clopidogrel.ConclusionAT-10 showed better inhibition of platelet aggregation in poor metabolizers as compared to Clopidogrel. AT-10 may emerge as a potential alternative to Clopidogrel as an anti-platelet drug. It can be further developed in clinical studies for the unmet medical needs in management of CVDs and overcome the pharmacogenomic limitations of Clopidogrel.Trial registration numberClinical Trial Registry-India URL:http://ctri.nic.in. Registration number: CTRI/2021/03/032206.
Energy-Aware Drone Path Finding with a Fixed-Trajectory Ground Vehicle
Authors: Diller Jonathan , Han Qi 
Published: February 2025

Rotary-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (commonly referred to as drones) are versatile autonomous transportation platforms that can be used for a variety of data collection applications including emergency response, environmental monitoring, surveillance, and many others.
In this work, we investigate how to plan efficient paths that minimize mission completion time for drone data collection where the drone must rendezvous with a moving ground vehicle (GV) that cannot stop and wait for the drone. Moreover, we address the limited onboard energy storage issue by adapting drone speed.

We propose a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) solution to solve this problem to optimality and provide two heuristics-based alternative solutions (the
k
-TSP and
D
-TSP approaches) that are more computationally tractable.

We evaluate these approaches in extensive simulations using real drone characteristics to highlight their trade-offs. Our results show that the
k
-TSP algorithm performs well when data collection points are closer to the GV, averaging within 4.5% of the optimal solution, while the
D
-TSP approach is more versatile, finding solutions in situations where the
k
-TSP algorithm tends to fail. Furthermore, we show that adapting drone speed can improve solution quality by up to 47.1% compared to fixed-speed approaches. In summary, this article serves as an exploratory study in energy-aware planning and scheduling for drones and other autonomous transportation systems.
Adaptive Address Family Selection for Latency-Sensitive Applications on Dual-Stack Hosts
Authors: Piraux Maxime , Bonaventure Olivier 
Published: February 2025

Latency is becoming a key factor of performance for Internet applications and has triggered a number of changes in its protocols. Our work revisits the impact on latency of address family selection in dual-stack hosts. Through RIPE Atlas measurements, we analyse the address families latency difference and establish two requirements based on our findings for a latency-focused selection mechanism. First, the address family should be chosen per destination. Second, the choice should be able to evolve over time dynamically.
We propose and implement a solution formulated as an online learning problem balancing exploration and exploitation. We validate our solution in simulations based on RIPE Atlas measurements, implement and evaluate our prototype inside a DNS resolver in four access networks using Chrome and popular web services. We demonstrate the ability of our solution to converge towards the lowest-latency address family and improve the latency of transport connections used by applications.
Surface Damaged by Xylotrechus arvicola Larvae on Vitis vinifera: Relationship With Resistance and Breaking Times
Authors: Rodríguez-González Álvaro , Ramírez-Lozano Daniela , Antolín-Rodríguez Andrea , Zanfaño Laura , Carro-Huerga Guzmán , Casquero Pedro A. , Guerra Marcos , Vega-Valdés Carmen , García-González Julia , Juan-Valdés Andrés 
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims: The main wine‐producing areas of the Iberian Peninsula are affected by Xylotrechus arvicola, an insect pest species which causes structural and biomechanical damage in vineyards (Vitis vinifera) due to the ingestion of vascular tissues.Methods and Results: To evaluate the mechanical properties of wood affected by X. arvicola larvae, we performed compressive and flexural tests. Damaged trunk wood samples presented a larger damaged section (DS) than that in branch wood samples. The compressive strength × DS interaction yielded significant differences, which suggest a stronger relationship between DS and loss of resistance in branches. Both loading (Time 1) and breakage (Time 2) times decreased as DS increased for branch wood samples (fresh and dry); however, significant differences were observed in Time 2, suggesting that, in branches, DS causes greater fragility. Maximum bending moment was higher in undamaged branch wood samples than that in damaged ones (dry or fresh); this demonstrates that undamaged wood fibers are less resistant than those attacked by X. arvicola larvae.Conclusions: The grape weight and/or the vibration applied by harvesting machines in affected wood branches can produce production losses and cause serious economic losses to the wineries or owners of the affected vineyards and, therefore, could be recommended to remove annually the affected parts to avoid the accumulation of dead wood due to the ingestion of its vascular tissues at the first insects attacks.
Interactions Between Ploidy and Resource Availability Shape Clonal Evolution in Glioblastoma
Authors: Nowicka Zuzanna , Rentzeperis Frederika , Tagal Vural , Teer Jamie K. , Ilter Didem , Beck Richard J. , Cole Jackson P. , Forero Pinto Ana M. , Tejero Joanne D. , Scanu Elisa , Veith Thomas , Dominguez-Viqueira William , Maksin Konstantin , Carrillo-Perez Francisco M. , Gevaert Olivier , Xu Xiaonan , Karreth Florian A. , Abdalah Mahmoud A. , Fiandaca Giada , Pasetto Stefano , Prabhakaran Sandhya , Schultz Andrew , Ojwang’ Awino Maureiq E. , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Farinhas Joaquim M. , Gomes Ana P. , Katira Parag , Andor Noemi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor. The infiltrative nature of GBM makes complete surgical resection impossible. The selective forces that govern gliomagenesis are strong, shaping the composition of tumor cells during the initial progression to malignancy with late consequences for invasiveness and therapy response. Here, we developed a mathematical model that incorporates ploidy level and the nature of the brain tissue microenvironment to simulate the growth and invasion of GBM and used the model to make inferences about GBM initiation and response to standard-of-care treatment. The spatial distribution of resource access in the brain was approximated through integration of in silico modeling, multi-omics data, and image analysis of primary and recurrent GBM. The in silico results suggested that high ploidy cells transition faster from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis than low ploidy cells because they are more sensitive to hypoxia. Between surgeries, simulated tumors with different ploidy compositions progressed at different rates; however, whether higher ploidy predicted fast recurrence was a function of the brain microenvironment. Historical data supported the dependence on available resources in the brain, as shown by a significant correlation between the median oxygen levels in human tissues and the median ploidy of cancers that arise in the respective tissues. Taken together, these findings suggest that availability of metabolic substrates in the brain drives different cell fate decisions for cells with different ploidy, thereby modulating both gliomagenesis and GBM recurrence.
Functional profiling of p53 and RB cell cycle regulatory proficiency suggests mechanism-driven molecular stratification in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Yang Zelei , Mogre Saie , Jun Hyeji , He Ruiyang , Ghosh Chaudhary Sneha , Bhattarai Upendra Raj. , Ho Sui Shannan J. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Lazo Suzan , Shetty Aniket , Cameron Amy , Nguyen Quang-De , Hill Sarah J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the United States, Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most frequently occurring gynecologic cancer. Many ECs harbor mutations in cell cycle regulatory genes including TP53 and RB1, amongst others. RB and p53 both regulate the G1/S transition while p53 also regulates the G2/M transition and mitotic progression, all of which rely on targetable regulatory kinases. It is likely that many ECs harbor targetable defects in some aspect of cell cycle regulation, but there has been no profiling of p53- or RB- linked cell cycle functional capacity and corresponding therapeutic vulnerabilities in EC cells. Here, we utilize functional and transcriptomic assays on a panel of EC cell lines and patient-derived organoids to characterize the p53 and RB cell cycle regulatory proficiency and linked therapeutic vulnerabilities in EC. We show that TP53 genomic and functional status has poor predictive capacity for EC therapeutic response. Rather, proper RB regulation correlates with response to G1/S targeting CDK4/6 inhibitors, and dysfunction in regulation of mitotic progression correlates with response to Aurora kinase B inhibitors. A subset of TP53 mutant ECs are RB1 wild type, express RB protein, have intact RB regulation, and are sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibitors, suggesting that excluding patients from emerging CDK4/6 inhibitor trials based on aggressive histology or TP53 status should be reconsidered. These findings were validated in vivo in xenograft models. These results can expand current EC molecular stratification to include mechanism-driven subtypes and suggest clinical trials of novel targeted therapies based on biologic understanding for advanced or recurrent EC patients.