bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Patients with Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis
Authors: Schmulson Max J. , León Gilberto De , Kershenovich Amir , Vargas‐Vorackova Florencia , Kershenobich David 
Published: February 2007

Background.The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis is uncertain. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of H. pylori infection among cirrhotic patients and to explore its relationship to demography, etiology of cirrhosis, and liver function.Materials and Methods.Thirty‐three cirrhotic patients were included. H. pylori infection was determined by the 14C urea breath test (n = 30) and endoscopy with antral biopsy (n = 4). Etiology of cirrhosis was classified as alcoholic or nonalcoholic. The rate of H. pylori infection was related to age, gender, etiology, Child‐Pugh grading, portal hypertension, and portal‐systemic encephalopathy (PSE). None of the patients received antibiotics for at least the last 3 months.Results.Twelve alcoholic and 21 nonalcoholic cirrhotics, with a median age of 57 years and a male:female ratio of 1 : 1.4 were studied. Overall H. pylori prevalence was 45.5%. This prevalence varied from 47.1% to 43.8% in those younger and older than the median age, and from 35.7% to 52.6% in men and women, respectively. Fifty percent of alcoholic and 42.9% of nonalcoholic cirrhotics were H. pylori–positive. According to Child‐Pugh grading, 69% of grade A, 40% of grade B, and 0% of grade C were infected (  p = .03). Among patients with PSE, 25% were H. pylori–positive compared to 52% of those without PSE (  p = .24).Conclusions.The prevalence of H. pylori infection in cirrhotics is 45.5%. Prevalence was unrelated to age, gender, and etiology of cirrhosis. An inverse relation to the Child‐Pugh grading and a tendency to a lower prevalence in PSE was found.
Relationship Between Migraine and Patent Foramen Ovale: A Study of 121 Patients with Migraine
Authors: Domitrz Izabela , Mieszkowski Jerzy , Kamińska Anna 
Published: February 2007

Background.—Migraine is a common neurological disorder, the origins of which remain unknown. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is considered to have a role in migraine. The relationship between migraine and patent foramen ovale may be stronger in patients suffering from migraine with aura compared to patients with common migraine.Objectives.—The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of PFO in patients with migraine with aura (MA+) and compare it with the prevalence of PFO in migraine patients without aura (MA−), and in a healthy age‐matched control group. We investigated PFO association with migraine, considering such factors as: A type of migraine aura, frequency of attacks, familial occurrence, sex and age of patients.Patients.—121 patients: 61 patients suffering from migraine with aura, 60 without aura and 65 normal controls. The group of patients with migraine with aura was divided into subgroups regarding to the type of aura.Methods.—In order to detect PFO the contrast transcranial Doppler was performed during Valsalva maneuver.Results.—The presence of PFO was found in 33/61 (54%) patients with MA(+) compared to 15/60 (25%) without aura and 16/65 (25%) control subjects. The difference between MA(+) patients and MA(−) patients and the difference between MA(+) patients and control group was statistically significant (P < .05). There was no association between type of migraine aura and PFO, as well as we found no association between PFO and frequency of attacks, familial occurrence, sex and age of patients and PFO.Conclusions.—Our findings suggest possible association of migraine with aura and PFO. It seems that PFO does not influence the type of aura and frequency of attacks of migraine as well as it is not associated with familial occurrence of migraine.
Normal Atrial Activation and Voltage During Sinus Rhythm in the Human Heart: An Endocardial and Epicardial Mapping Study in Patients with a History of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: LEMERY ROBERT , BIRNIE DAVID , TANG ANTHONY S.L. , GREEN MARTIN , GOLLOB MICHAEL , HENDRY MATT , LAU ERNEST 
Published: February 2007

Background:
The three‐dimensional contributions to human atrial activation in sinus rhythm have not been specifically characterized. We evaluated the sequence of endocardial and epicardial activation and voltage of the atria during normal sinus rhythm. Methods and Results: The study group includes 35 patients with history of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Prior to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, we performed multielectrode electroanatomic mapping during sinus rhythm, endocardially of the RA, LA, and coronary sinus (CS) and, in 10 patients, epicardially of the transverse sinus and oblique sinus. Following activation of the atrial region of the sinus node, the epicardial transverse sinus was activated 11 ± 18 msec later, while the earliest endocardial LA activation occurred in the region of Bachmann's bundle at 31 ± 13 msec, significantly earlier than the earliest epicardial LA activation of the oblique sinus at 54 ± 10 msec (P < 0.002). The posterior LA revealed complex types of activation in 66% of patients analyzed, due to the convergence of wavefront propagation from the CS, oblique sinus, and endocardial LA. Bipolar voltage measurements revealed significantly higher values for the epicardium (mean 3.05 ± 1.31 mv) than for the endocardium (mean 1.65 ± 0.75 mv), P < 0.0001 between both groups. Conclusions: In sinus rhythm, we have characterized endocardial and epicardial atrial activation and voltage, and provide an analysis and understanding of the genesis of the P wave complex in humans.
Mechanism of the Conversion of a Pulmonary Vein Tachycardia to Atrial Fibrillation in Normal Canine Hearts: Role of Autonomic Nerve Stimulation
Authors: HORIKAWA‐TANAMI TOMOE , HIRAO KENZO , FURUKAWA TOSHIYUKI , ISOBE MITSUAKI 
Published: February 2007

Introduction: The role of the autonomic nervous system in inducing pulmonary vein (PV)‐triggered atrial fibrillation (AF) and the termination mechanism of the AF are unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of the conversion of a tachycardia within a PV into AF under autonomic stimulation and the termination mechanism of the AF in normal canine hearts. Methods and Results: In open‐chest dogs, the electrophysiologic parameters were measured under vagal stimulation (VS) or an isoproterenol administration. The effects of the VS or isoproterenol on the PV tachycardias (PVTs), which were created by burst pacing from a PV or the application of aconitine onto the PV, were evaluated. Pilsicainide, a Na channel blocker, was administered during the induced AF. VS and isoproterenol shortened the atrial and PV effective refractory periods. In the pacing model, the VS converted the PV rapid activations into sustained AF in 9 of 12 dogs during pacing cycle lengths ≤120 msec, but the isoproterenol did not cause any sustained AF. In the aconitine model, the VS increased the rate of the aconitine‐induced PVTs and transformed them into sustained AF in all 14 dogs, whereas the isoproterenol did not induce AF, and decreased the PVT rate. In all 14 dogs the sustained AF was terminated by pilsicainide, which had suppressive effects on the PVT as well as atria and PV‐atrial junction. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the vagal effects affecting the PVT and atria facilitate the onset and maintenance of PV‐triggered AF in normal canine hearts.
A Comprehensive School‐Based Clinic: University and Community Partnership
Authors: McClowry Sandee G. , Galehouse Pam , Hartnagle William , Kaufman Howard , Just Barbara , Moed Richard , Patterson‐Dehn Cathleen 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To describe the evolution and current status of a university and community partnership engaged in operating an urban elementary school‐based clinic (SBC) population. The children at the school who are eligible to receive care at the SBC include 500 elementary students and 200 adolescents who attend a magnet junior high school housed in the same building. The vast majority of the children attending the school are from families whose incomes are below the national poverty level. Eighty‐five percent of the children are black. Fifteen percent are Hispanic, non‐white. conclusions. A variety of services and programs are offered to the children and their families for the promotion of health and the prevention of mental disorders. Service, education, and research occur simultaneously to achieve the multiple goals of the partners and participants. practice implications. Advanced practice nurses can provide quality health and mental health care services for school‐age children and their families through SBCs. Institutional partnerships, capitalizing on each other's strengths, can expand the availability of SBC offerings.
Issues in Pediatric Research: Safeguarding the Children
Authors: Conrad Barbara , Horner Sharon 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To address the ethical question: “How can one safeguard children who participate in research?” patient population. Infants through adolescents. conclusions. Federal guidelines that delineate when research is allowable with children may not be enough to ensure children's safety from harm. practice implications. Risk evaluation conducted by those who understand child development because such understanding allows one to better anticipate children's potential exposure to harm. Safeguarding children requires a conscientious effort to envision children's understanding of events, their potential reactions, and the possible immediate and long‐term consequences. This understanding provides the foundation for implementing sound research procedures to safeguard the children.
Daytime and Nighttime Wetting in Children: A Review of Management
Authors: Kelleher Ruth E. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To describe the types of voiding dysfunction common to children, review pertinent literature on enuresis, discuss treatment options, and explore the nurse's role in identifying and managing children with voiding difficulties. population. Children beyond the age of normal toileting who continue with uncontrolled urination either during the day, at night, or both. conclusion. Inappropriate urination in children is a common occurrence. Ninety‐five percent of voiding problems are functional, and 5 percent represent pathologic conditions. There is widespread misunderstanding among parents, teachers, and primary care providers on the causes and management options for these children. practice implications. Pediatric nurses are in key positions to identify children with voiding problems. Once the problem has been acknowledged, nurses can assess the problem and its impact on the family; educate parents, children, and others regarding causes; discuss management options; and refer children for medical intervention when necessary.
Mastery of Stress in Mothers of Preterm Infants
Authors: Younger Janet B. , Kendell Mary Jean , Pickler Rita H. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To explore the relationships among, stress, social support, mastery, and depression design. Descriptive correlational study setting. 60‐bed, Level 3 NICU in an urban medical center in a Mid‐Atlantic state participants. 31 mothers who delivered infants born between 26 and 36 weeks gestation. Inclusion criteria included no maternal illness or complications requiring hospitalization beyond four days, and no report of a recent major stressful life event other than the birth of the child. major outcome measures. The Mastery of Stress Instrument, the Account of Social Resources Inventory, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale results. Social support was positively related to mastery and inversely related to depression. conclusions. Mothers of preterm infants experienced significant levels of stress and depression in the early postpartum period.
A Randomized Trial of Heparin and Saline for Maintaining Intravenous Locks in Neonates
Authors: Heilskov Joni , Kleiber Charmaine , Johnson Karen , Miller June 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To determine, the effects of saline, heparin 2 units (U) per ml saline, and heparin 10 U/ml saline flush solutions on the duration of intravenous (IV) locks and the incidence of IV infiltration in neonates.design. Randomized double‐blind experiment.setting. Tertiary‐care nursery.participants. Neonates (N = 90) hospitalized at birth in the intensive, intermediate care, or newborn units.main outcome measures. Total hours from the time the IV was inserted to the time the IV was removed; hours from the time the IV was first flushed to the time the IV was removed; number of IVs removed because of infiltration.results. No statistical or clinical differences between the three groups for duration of IV nor for incidence of complications.conclusions. The use of heparin in IV lock flush solution did not affect the duration of IV locks nor the incidence of infiltration in neonates.
The Effectiveness of a Standardized Educational Program for Children Using Patient‐Controlled Analgesia
Authors: Kotzer Anne Marie , Coy Julie , LeClaire Andrea D. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To examine the effectiveness of two types of preoperative education (routine education and a standardized educational program) for children undergoing spinal fusion.design. Two group, phase‐lag design.setting. Tertiary pediatric hospital.participants. Children ages 8‐18 years (N = 93)main outcome measures. Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool, Child Pain Scale, Post‐PCA Satisfaction Interview, and PCA infusion pump data.results. No statistically significant differences between the groups on any of the main outcome variables. Children and parents reported, however, that the SEP provided them with invaluable information regarding the use of PCA and alleviated their concerns about getting “hooked on drugs,” overdosing, side effects, and being able to get pain relief when needed.conclusion. Children having spine fusion surgery experienced severe postoperative pain that was not ameliorated by optimizing use of PCA through standardized education. Further testing of the SEP with other populations is needed in order to more fully realize its potential for influencing pain outcomes.
Pediatric Nursing Resources in Cyberspace
Authors: Kuntz Kathleen Ryan 
Published: February 2007

Purpose. To provide information on pediatric nursing resources on the Internet. POPULATION. Pediatric nurses in all settings. CONCLUSIONS. A basic understanding of essentials for “surfing the web” will open the doors to unprecedented opportunities to query, find, and share information with others. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Pediatric nurses in every setting can benefit from access to the Internet and knowledge of what resources are available to enhance their practice and support their clients.
Pediatric Registered Nurse Usage and Perception of EMLA
Authors: May Karen , Britt Robin , Newman Mary M. 
Published: February 2007

issues and purpose. Pediatric nurses do not consistently use the anesthetic cream for children. This study examined availability, use, and perception of driving and restraining forces for use of EMLA cream for venipuncture and IV catheter insertion. design and methods. In this descriptive study, surveys were sent to 400 randomly selected pediatric RNs. Surveys were returned by 211 nurses from 36 states. results. Driving forces for EMLA usage included ease of use and increased patient rapport. Restraining forces were focused on barriers to accessing EMLA. Positive perceptions of EMLA were affected by ease of accessibility. practice implications. Use of EMLA may be enhanced by standard orders, inservice instruction, and stocking EMLA on the patient care unit.
Quality Care in an Era of Retrenchment
Authors: Biester Doris J. , Duggan Mary , Perkins Mary , Powers Linda K. , Classick Susan 
Published: February 2007

source and purpose. Constraints in the healthcare delivery system are resulting in unprecedented challenges to quality nursing care. In response to concerns expressed by readers in a JSPN survey, we solicited input from prominent SPN members.conclusions. Quality care can be sustained through nurses' creativity, flexibility, leadership, and collaboration. The context for quality care is an organizatinal environment with attention to critical analysis, careful resource utilization, and improved outcomes.practice implications. Nurses can not only maintain premium standards of quality care but, by assuming leadership, help shape the future of health care.
Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Nursing Care, and Management Issues
Authors: Jakubik Louise D. , Colfer Andrea , Grossman Michael B. 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. A comprehensive overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, nursing care, and medical and surgical management of the child with short bowel syndrome (SBS), which follows massive anatomical or functional loss of the small intestine.CONCLUSIONS. The outlook for children with SBS has improved due to recent advances in parenteral and enteral nutrition, pharmacologic interventions, and surgical options.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Nurses whose practice reflects an in‐depth knowledge of the etiology, pathophysiology, medical and surgical management, nursing interventions, and complications of SBS will be equipped to provide quality care for children and families affected by SBS.
Clinical and Economic Outcomes of Infants Receiving Breast Milk in the NICU
Authors: Barton Amy J. , Danek Gale , Owens Brenda 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. This study compared clinical and economic outcomes for infants who were exclusively fed breast milk and infants who were fed commercial formula.DESIGN AND METHODS. A retrospective medical record review from a regional neonatal intensive care unit (N = 80) using consultation logs from the lactation coordinator and a matched sample of formula‐fed infants.RESULTS. Neither clinical (weight gain, length of stay, days of parenteral nutrition) nor economic outcomes (direct variable costs, net revenue) differed significantly between the groups.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. While it may not be possible to demonstrate sufficient cost savings while the infant resides within the NICU to justify a lactation coordinator, long‐term clinical and economic outcomes may be sensitive to this specialized nursing service.
To Bridge a Quality Chasm: Connect With the Guidelines
Authors: Gallagher Carolyn 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. A wide chasm exists between the care we have and the care we could have. This article will inform nurses about the pediatric quality “chasm“ by identifying practice variations from evidence‐based guidelines for common childhood conditions.CONCLUSIONS. Nurses are accountable for providing state‐of‐the‐art, evidence‐based care to children. The pediatric quality chasm calls for nurses to stand up and speak out for children, to use and develop tools that activate the best scientific knowledge, and to empower parents to make it happen.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Advocacy and patient‐centered care are nurses' means to partner with parents and collaborate with colleagues to connect with the guidelines and bridge the quality chasm.
Utilization of Shallow Geophysical Sensing at Two Abandoned Municipal/Industrial Waste Landfills on the Missouri River Floodplain
Authors: Rudy Richard J. , Caoile John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the past 30 to 40 years, floodplain areas of large rivers, such as the Missouri River, have been extensively used for large industrial and municipal landfills. Many of these sites are now causing varying degrees of ground water contamination. Rapid geophysical characterization techniques have proven useful for delineation of anomalous areas indicative of potential contaminant plumes. These methods have also resulted in a cost effective approach to the location and number of monitoring wells.An effective technique to initially characterize ground water contamination at such landfills along the Missouri River in northwestern Missouri involved a combination of electrical resistivity and electromagnetic conductivity methods. Resistivity was used to obtain soundings of the alluvium by using a modified Wenner array and to corroborate shallow electromagnetic conductivity measurements by using short Wenner array electrode spacings.Upon confirmation of similar measurements of the upper soils for the two methods, numerous electromagnetic conductivity traverses were made at each landfill site. The data generated from these surveys were graphed and contoured to delineate anomalous areas. Based on the geophysical study, a ground water monitoring well network was then designed for each landfill.As a result, a minimal number of wells were required to initially characterize the ground water quality at these two sites. In general, analysis of water samples from these wells displayed good correlation with the geophysical results.
Ground Water Instrumentation Program of the U.S. Geological Survey
Authors: Cordes Edwin H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe U.S. Geological Survey has been Involved, for many years, in a variety of ground water data collection and sampling programs. The constraints imposed by logistics and the environment often preclude the use of commercial and industrial equipment; thus the survey is forced to do in‐house design and development of selected instruments or modify existing equipment to fit the specific need. Ground water instrumentation currently being designed and developed include: (1) running time totalizer (2) cross‐correlation pipe flowmeter (3) ground water monitoring system, and (4) small‐diameter deep well pump. A description and principle of operation for each of the developments are presented.
Darcian Flow Characteristics Upgradient of a Kettle Pond Determined by Direct Ground Water Flow Measurement
Authors: Kerfoot William B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn glacial outwash deposits, the movement of ground water Is determined by small scale irregularities in the pattern of hydraulic conductivity. Permeability determinations on split spoon samples obtained from coring the site are not sufficient to predict the patchiness of flow since it cannot define continuity of the strata. The lattice work pattern can be determined by vertical profiling with direct ground water flow measurement. The rate and direction of flow is combined with head gradient changes to compute hydraulic conductivity changes across the site.The results of the tests can be plotted on triangular graphs depicting the fundamental Darcy equation. The local conditions reflect a mathematical “patchiness” of hydraulic conductivity unique to outwash deposits.The procedure was employed to determine flow characteristics and define the zone of contribution to porous bottom kettle lakes. The zone of contribution was defined by projecting backward from the vertical profiling and shallow measurements and taking into account the daily rain water recharge rate across the site.For the unconfined aquifer north of the pond, shallow ground water flow measurements were necessary to define the recharge portion of the shoreline. Vertical profiling was required to define the recharge volume since the rate of flow was not even with depth. A simple differential equation for determining the recharge area is presented along with the calculations.