bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts for a New One‐Pot Chemical Route in the Synthesis of Fragrances Based on the Heck Reaction
Authors: Climent Maria Jose , Corma Avelino , Iborra Sara , Mifsud Maria 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of the fragrance 4‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)butan‐2‐one, with raspberry scent, has been carried out using palladium on different supports such as magnesium oxide (MgO), hydrotalcite, hydroxyapatite (HA), aluminium oxide (γ‐Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The first pathway consists of a Heck coupling between 4‐methoxyiodoanisole and methyl vinyl ketone followed by hydrogenation. Palladium supported on titanium dioxide showed the best performance for carrying out both consecutive steps giving 4‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)butan‐2‐one with high yields and selectivity. The Pd‐TiO2 catalyst is more active than a homogeneous palladium complex that is well accepted in the literature as being highly active for performing Heck reactions.
Superior Performance of a Nanostructured Platinum Catalyst in Water: Hydrogenations of Alkenes, Aldehydes and Nitroaromatics
Authors: Maity Prasenjit , Basu Susmit , Bhaduri Sumit , Lahiri Goutam Kumar 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe hydrogenations of >CC<, >CO and nitro groups in ArNO2, with a water‐soluble, polymer [poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)] supported, platinum carbonyl cluster {[Pt30(CO)60]2−} derived catalyst 1, have been studied. The performance of 1 has been compared with that of two other platinum catalysts: catalyst 2 prepared by the hydrogen reduction of [PtCl6]2− supported on the same water‐soluble polymer, and 3, a commercial platinum catalyst (5 % Pt on alumina). Our catalyst 1 has been found to be more active than 2 and 3, and by TEM it has been shown that the nanoparticles in 1 are much smaller than those in 2. In the hydrogenation of o‐chloronitrobenzene both 1 and 2 were found to be more selective (no hydrodehalogenation) than 3. To evaluate the advantages of water as a solvent, comparative studies have been carried out in three different solvent systems: water, methanol and a 1:1 mixture of water and toluene. Hydrogenations in methanol have been found to be accompanied by induction times while no such induction time is observed in water. Both liquid (methyl pyruvate, benzaldehyde, safflower oil and styrene) and water‐insoluble solid nitroaromatics (o‐ and m‐chloronitrobenzene and p‐aminonitrobenzene) have been tested as substrates, and for all the substrates the activity in water was found to be higher.
Efficient Reduction of Nitroarenes over Nickel‐Iron Mixed Oxide Catalyst Prepared from a Nickel‐Iron Hydrotalcite Precursor
Authors: Shi Qixun , Lu Rongwen , Lu Lianhai , Fu Xinmei , Zhao Defeng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNickel‐iron mixed oxide prepared from a nickel‐iron hydrotalcite precursor was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes under mild reaction conditions.
1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane (PTA): A Practical and Versatile Nucleophilic Phosphine Organocatalyst
Authors: Tang Xiaofang , Zhang Bo , He Zhengrong , Gao Ruili , He Zhengjie 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the air‐stable and readily available 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadmantane (PTA) is reported as a practical and versatile nucleophilic phosphine organocatalyst. Under the mediation of 15–30 mol % of PTA, various electrophiles like aldehydes and imines readily undergo the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reactions with a variety of activated olefins, giving the corresponding adducts in high yields. In the phosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of 4‐substituted 2,3‐butadienoates with N‐tosylimines, PTA is also proven to be a comparable catalyst as tributylphosphine (PBu3). By systematic comparison with other structurally similar N,P catalysts, it is concluded that the superiority of PTA in the above nucleophilic catalysis is attributable to its comparable nucleophilicity with that of trialkylphosphines. The feasibility to use PTA as an alternative catalyst in place of the air‐sensitive trialkylphosphines is also discussed.
Asymmetric Amplification in the Amino Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Ibrahem Ismail , Sundén Henrik , Dziedzic Pawel , Rios Ramon , Córdova Armando 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe origins of biological homochirality have intrigued researchers since Pasteur’s discovery of the optical activity of biomolecules. Herein, we present the first example of asymmetric amplification in the amino acid‐catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of amino acid derivatives that provides support for a synergistic model for the evolution of homochirality by amino acid catalysis.
An Efficient and Versatile Approach for the Immobilization of Carbene Precursors via Copper‐Catalyzed [3+2]‐Cycloaddition and their Catalytic Application
Authors: Zeitler Kirsten , Mager Ina 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDifferent classes of alkynyl‐substituted heterazolium derivatives could be covalently immobilized on an azide‐functionalized support via copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, which efficiently yields a rigid and robust 1,2,3‐triazole linkage. The catalytic performance of the corresponding nucleophilic carbenes (NHCs) was examined in intramolecular Stetter reactions (chroman‐4‐one products) and organocatalytic redox esterifications (α,β‐unsaturated esters). The MeOPEG‐immobilized organocatalysts are highly active, and show comparable diastereoselectivities to non‐supported derivatives. Additionally, they allow simplified work‐up procedures and also have proven to be recyclable.
A population balance model of the solution‐mediated phase transition of citric acid
Authors: Févotte Gilles , Alexandre and Sheibat Othman Nida Caillet 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe Solvent‐Mediated Anhydrous to Monohydrate Phase Transition (SMPT) of citric acid in water was monitored using in situ Raman spectroscopy and image analysis. The solid phase composition, solute concentration, and crystal size distribution were measured during experiments designed to investigate the different steps of the SMPT process: dissolution of the metastable form, nucleation, and growth of the stable form. A Population Balance Model (PBE) was developed to depict the time evolutions of the two populations of particles involved. Nucleation and growth phenomena were analyzed and described through simplified kinetic laws. The related kinetic parameters were estimated through the nonlinear least squares minimization of model‐experiments prediction errors. The overall PBE model was finally found to satisfactorily describe the SMTP process; the time variations of the solute concentration and solid phase composition in particular. It is clearly shown that the secondary nucleation of stable monohydrate particles depends on both the supersaturation and the overall solid content. Surprisingly, as far as the nucleation of stable particles in the presence of metastable solid is concerned, the rate of particle generation was found to exhibit identical dependency on the metastable and stable content, a feature which remains to be further investigated and explained. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Robust optimal control of polymorphic transformation in batch crystallization
Authors: Hermanto Martin Wijaya , Chiu Min‐Sen , Woo Xing‐Yi , Braatz Richard D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOne of the most important problems that can arise in the development of a pharmaceutical crystallization process is the control of polymorphism, in which there exist different crystal forms for the same chemical compound. Different polymorphs can have very different properties, such as bioavailability, which motivates the design of controlled processes to ensure consistent production of the desired polymorph to produce reliable therapeutic benefits upon delivery. The optimal batch control of the polymorphic transformation of L‐glutamic acid from the metastable α‐form to the stable β‐form is studied, with the goal of optimizing batch productivity, while providing robustness to variations in the physicochemical parameters that can occur in practice due to variations in contaminant profiles in the feedstocks. A nonlinear state feedback controller designed to follow an optimal setpoint trajectory defined in the crystallization phase diagram simultaneously provided high‐batch productivity and robustness, in contrast to optimal temperature control strategies that were either nonrobust or resulted in long‐batch times. The results motivate the incorporation of the proposed approach into the design of operating procedures for polymorphic batch crystallizations. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Fibrinogen deficiency, but not plasminogen deficiency, increases mortality synergistically in combination with sickle hemoglobin SAD in transgenic mice
Authors: Roszell Nancy J. , Danton Mary Jo , Jiang Maorong , Witte David , Daugherty Cynthia , Grimes Timothy , Girdler Benjamin , Anderson Kathleen P. , Franco Robert S. , Degen Jay L. , Joiner Clinton H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPatients with sickle cell disease exhibit both acute and chronic activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. To test the relationship between sickle cell pathology and activation of the hemostatic system, mice with targeted deletions of plasminogen (Plg) or fibrinogen (Fib) were crossed with transgenic mice expressing Hb SAD [β6Glu‐Val (HbS), β23Val‐Ile (HbAntilles), and β121Glu‐Gln (HbD‐Punjab)]. Fibrinogen deficiency dramatically reduced the survival of mice with Hb SAD to a much greater degree than mice with normal hemoglobin. The combination of Hb SAD and fibrinogen deficiency had a greater effect on mortality than that obtained by adding the mortality risks of each defect alone. The deleterious effect of the combination of Hb SAD and fibrinogen deficiency on mortality was accelerated by hypoxia. The excess mortality associated with plasminogen deficiency was identical in SAD and control mice. The adverse effect of fibrinogen deficiency on mortality in SAD mice is not consistent with the simple hypothesis that fibrin deposition is uniformly deleterious in the context of vaso‐occlusive sickle cell disease. Rather, our findings suggest that the contribution of fibrinogen to tissue repair may in some contexts limit sickle cell disease pathophysiology. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐reported health‐related quality of life in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: McMillan Robert , Bussel James B. , George James N. , Lalla Deepa , Nichol Janet L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAdult chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disorder manifested by varying degrees of purpura and mucosal bleeding, rarely including intracranial hemorrhage. Therapy is aimed at increasing the patient's platelet count to safe levels and includes a wide variety of treatments. While the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of chronic ITP have been extensively discussed, the effect of ITP and its treatment on patient quality of life has not been evaluated in adults. In this study, the Short‐Form 36 questionnaire was used to evaluate the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of 73 adult ITP patients compared with that of the general U.S. population and of patients with six other relatively common chronic disorders. This study shows that the HRQOL of adult patients with ITP is significantly worse than that of the general U.S. population. It is also worse than that of patients with hypertension, arthritis, or cancer; similar to that of patients with diabetes; but better than that of patients with congestive heart failure or a missing or paralyzed limb. Future studies need to address the effects of treatment not only on the platelet count and bleeding but also on HRQOL. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
G‐CSF‐mobilized haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in children with poor prognostic nonmalignant disorders
Authors: Arpacı Fikret , Tezcan İlhan , Kuzhan Okan , Yalman Nevin , Uçkan Duygu , Kürekçi Ahmet Emin , İkincioğulları Aydan , Özet Ahmet , Tanyeli Atilla 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHaploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently one of the alternative curative treatment options for some nonmalignant but also for malignant diseases. However, concerns regarding its safety cause delays in time and a successful outcome. Between 2000 and 2005, twenty‐one children with poor prognostic nonmalignant disorders, 13 boys and 8 girls, with a median age of 12 months, underwent 28 haploidentical peripheral HSCT. Immunomagnetic bead depletion device (CliniMACS) was used for indirect T‐cell depletion. Indications for transplant were severe combined immunodeficiency (n = 16), osteopetrosis (n = 2), MDS (n = 1), amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (n = 1), and aplastic anemia (n = 1). Five patients (24%) had lung infection at the time of transplantation. The patients received a median of 25.67 × 106 G‐CSF‐mobilized peripheral CD34+ progenitor cells and a median of 4.19 × 104 T‐lymphocytes per kilogram of body weight with a T‐cell depletion rate of median 4.59 logs. The rate of total engraftment was 66.6%. Median times for leukocyte and platelet engraftment were 14 and 16 days, respectively. The 6‐year projected survival was 32% for all patients and 29.76% for patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The rates of transplant‐related mortality, graft failure, and severe GvHD were 14.2, 33.4%, and 8.3%, respectively. Infection was the main cause of death. The poor outcome may be explained with the poor prognostic factors of our patients such as the type of SCID in most cases (T‐B− SCID), the median age over 6 months and the presence of lung infection in some children at the time of transplantation. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heparin‐induced skin necrosis associated with thrombocytopenia and acquired protein C and protein S deficiency
Authors: Prasad H. Keshava , Govindarajan Rangaswamy 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have described a patient with colon cancer and liver metastases who developed heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and skin necrosis. We believe that the skin necrosis caused by the heparin/platelet factor 4 antibody was exacerbated by the acquired protein C and protein S deficiency. After the heparin was discontinued and infection treated, the skin necrosis and thrombocytopenia resolved. This case illustrates the fact that, in patients with heparin‐induced skin necrosis, a search must be undertaken for an underlying pro‐thrombotic state, which may precipitate the microthrombosis responsible for skin necrosis. We could not find any previous case reports of heparin‐induced skin necrosis associated with isolated protein C deficiency, or combined protein C and protein S deficiency. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacogenetics of morphine: Potential implications in sickle cell disease
Authors: Darbari Deepika S. , Minniti Caterina P. , Rana Sohail , van den Anker John 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMorphine is frequently used to treat painful episodes associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) but may fail to provide adequate analgesia in many patients. This concise review focuses on unique disease related changes in physiologic variables associated with SCD that impacts pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of morphine and may contribute to the variability in analgesia. Emerging evidence suggests that the allelic variants in the genes involving the opioid (UGT2B7, OPRM1, and ABCB1 genes) and nonopioid system (COMT gene) can alter the efficacy of morphine. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura: Surgery for the 21st century
Authors: Dolan James P. , Sheppard Brett C. , DeLoughery Thomas G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAlthough immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common autoimmune hematological disorder, there is still controversy regarding the optimal management of this condition. Medical therapy may cure a proportion of patients with ITP but there are still a significant number of these individuals who are at risk for bleeding events. Surgery has become the least popular therapeutic option for ITP as other medical therapies have become available that attempt to avoid splenectomy and its morbidity. However, the clinical response to these therapies has not been overwhelming based on the fairly small number of trials conducted to date. With current minimally invasive surgical techniques, splenectomy should be again regarded as a viable therapeutic option in patients with ITP. The laparoscopic approach avoids much of the morbidity and complications seen with the conventional open surgical approach and studies have demonstrated similar, if not better, outcomes. In addition, the risk of infection following splenectomy is not as high as may be suspected, particularly with current vaccination regiments. It should be a priority for both the hematology and medical community to advocate for clinical trials to rationally study alternatives to splenectomy. In the interim, laparoscopic splenectomy should be considered as an additional front line therapeutic option in ITP patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral blood monocytes from patients with HBV related decompensated liver cirrhosis can differentiate into functional hepatocytes
Authors: Yan Li , Han Ying , Wang Jingbo , Liu Jingmei , Hong Liu , Fan Daiming 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) have the potential to differentiate into various progenitor cells. Here we have investigated the differentiation potential of PBMCs derived from patients with HBV related decompensated liver cirrhosis into hepatocyte‐like cells. In our clinical trial, the PBMCs from 2 patients were mobilized by the recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor, followed by leukapheresis and transplantation of PBMCs. PBMCs, induced by recombinant human hepatocyte growth factors, were identified by the expression of hepatocyte markers and specific biological functions with biochemical assays in vitro. Patients showed a lasting clinical amelioration for more than one year after transplantation, and hepatocyte‐like cells were identified by expressing liver specific genes, synthesizing albumin, urea, aspirate transaminase, and glycogen, which were all similar to the human normal hepatic cell line QZG. Our results clearly demonstrated that mobilized PBMCs from patients with HBV related decompensated liver cirrhosis could differentiate into functional hepatocyte‐like cells, indicating the possibility of autologous cell transplantation for treating patients with HBV related decompensated liver cirrhosis. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What is the potential for overdiagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia?
Authors: Lo Gregory K. , Sigouin Christopher S. , Warkentin Theodore E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by platelet‐activating antibodies that recognize platelet factor 4//heparin (PF4/H) complexes. According to the “iceberg model,” only a subset of anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies of IgG class evincing strong platelet‐activating properties cause clinical HIT. Since many centers rely predominantly on an anti‐PF4/polyanion enzyme‐immunoassay (EIA) to diagnose HIT, we estimated the potential for overdiagnosis when only this single test is available. We examined a database of 100 patients in whom the probability of HIT had been estimated using a clinical scoring system (4Ts), and where patients underwent systematic testing for HIT antibodies using three assays: the platelet serotonin release assay (SRA), an “in‐house” EIA that detects IgG anti‐PF4/heparin antibodies (EIA‐IgG), and a commercial EIA that detects anti‐PF4/polyanion antibodies of all three immunoglobulin classes (EIA‐GTI). Whereas 16 of 100 patients fulfilled a “classic” definition of HIT (intermediate/high probability plus strong platelet‐activating anti‐PF4/heparin IgG antibodies), an additional 16 patients fulfilled a “liberal” definition in which any investigated patient (irrespective of the pretest probability) who had a positive EIA‐GTI was considered to have HIT. The clinical features of these 16 additional patients—including generally weak antibodies and low risk for thrombosis—suggest underlying non‐HIT explanations for thrombocytopenia. Patients with a positive SRA generally corresponded to those with intermediate or high pretest probability of HIT who also had strong EIA‐GTI reactivity (>1.20 OD units). We conclude there is the potential to overdiagnose HIT by ∼100% if any positive EIA is considered to “confirm” the diagnosis of HIT irrespective of the clinical scenario. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunotherapy in mantle cell lymphoma: Anti‐CD20‐based therapy and beyond
Authors: Zhou Yuhong , Zhang Liang , Romaguera Jorge , Delasalle Kay , Han Xiaohong , Du Xin , Kwak Larry , Yi Qing , Wang Michael 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by t(11; 14)(q13; q32) chromosomal translocation and overexpression of cyclin D1, has the worst prognosis among all lymphomas. Recent advances in biology, genetics, and immunology have supported the development of immunotherapy in MCL. Rituximab monotherapy in MCL has limited activity. It is more effective when used in combination with chemotherapy such as R‐CHOP, R‐hyperCVAD/MTX‐Ara‐C, or R‐FCM as front‐line or salvage therapy for mantle cell lymphoma. Maintenance with Rituximab was shown to prolong response duration. Although most results have suggested that combining autologous stem cell transplantation with Rituximab may lead to durable remission, the sample size was not sufficient to declare survival benefit. Anti‐CD20 radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) 90Yttrium‐ibritumomab tiuxetan and 131Iodine‐tositumomab have been used in mantle cell lymphoma even when patients are relatively resistant to Rituximab‐based therapy. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a treatment modality in advanced or relapsed MCL, particularly using reduced‐intensity conditioning. MCL may have high response rates and sustained remissions after donor lymphocyte infusion. Dendritic cells (DCs) fused with MCL cells for immunostimulation have preliminarily shown anti‐lymphoma effects as well. Idiotype vaccination in MCL patients following Rituximab‐containing chemotherapy induced tumor‐specific T‐cell immunity in the absence of B cells. Other immunotherapy, such as the combination of thalidomide with Rituximab, has shown substantial antitumor activity. A Phase I/II study is ongoing to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the efficacy of lenalidomide in combination with Rituximab for relapsed/refractory MCL. This review summarizes the latest and exciting advances in MCL. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.