bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow stirred by open turbine: A modal analysis of multiscale flow characteristics
Authors: Jin Jie , Bu Shaoyang , Fan Ying , Han Jianjun , Yin Kuangdi , Chen Wenyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe turbulence observed in the stirred tank is a result of the superposition of flows at different scales, each exerting various influences on the operational processes. To understand the flow characteristics associated with stirring, this paper undertakes particle image velocimetry (PIV) experimental research on an unbaffled tank stirred by an open turbine featuring four distinct blade deflection angles. The flow field in the unbaffled tank manifests as a double‐circulation flow pattern; however, it is worth noting that the blade deflection angle exerts a significant impact on the stirring process. Specifically, when the blade deflection angle reached 90°, the flow discharge aligned closely with the radial direction, accompanied by pronounced fluctuations in the high‐velocity region. The Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) formed were subsequently extracted and subjected to finite‐time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) analysis. Notably, a more regular wake pattern emerged in proximity to the blade tip, while a larger scale flow structure persisted along the flow direction. To systematically analyze the flow field stirred by the open turbine, modal analysis was employed. By reconstructing the flow field based on the principle of 50% energy content, the decomposition of flows at different scales was achieved. The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) generated by the various scale flows was subsequently calculated, revealing that the high TKE values primarily originate from the large‐scale flow structure. Conversely, the TKE generated by the small‐scale flow exhibits a uniform distribution across different regions. Notably, in regions characterized by higher velocities, the peak TKE associated with the small‐scale flow also manifests; however, it is significantly smaller in magnitude compared to that generated by the original flow or the large‐scale flow.
Molecular design and hygrothermal resistance of high‐toughness polysiloxane–polyurethane block copolymer composite adhesives
Authors: Yan Jinyuan , Li Rui , Jiang Ruihong , Yu Jie , Tang Qing , Song Dayu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the development of new energy sources, the demand for aluminum composite films for power batteries is expanding; at the same time, higher requirements have been put forward for aluminum composite films and adhesives. Polyurethane, as the binder of aluminum composite films, strongly affects the performance of aluminum composite films when exposed to moisture and high temperature and can lead to delamination. This thesis prepares a polyurethane and silicone block copolymer composite adhesive by adjusting the ratio of hard and soft polyurethane segments to obtain polyurethane (PU) with excellent flexibility. On the basis of block copolymerization with bis‐amino‐terminated organosiloxane (ATPS), obtained excellent flexibility, high peel strength, moisture resistance, and heat resistance from a polysiloxane‐based polyurethane composite adhesive (PUSR). The properties are also tested using tensile tests and peel strength tests. The test results show that by adjusting the ATPS content, the flexibility and hydrophobicity of the PUSR composite adhesive further improved, with a tensile strength of 36 MPa, an elongation at break of 757%, and bonding performance of 11 N/15 mm. Additionally, the damp heat resistance of 6 N/15 mm, exceeding the international standard of 3 N/15 mm, in the power battery soft package aluminum–plastic film has potential application prospects.
Antibacterial hierarchical surface fabricated using nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Oopath Sruthi Venugopal , Martins Jarrod , Kakarla Akesh Babu , Petrovski Steve , Kong Ing , Baji Avinash 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAntibacterial materials and surfaces play an important role in various applications, including healthcare, food packaging, and environmental protection. This study investigated the use of nanoimprint lithography for the fabrication of antibacterial hierarchical polymer film. The hierarchical structures were produced on poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) films incorporated with silver (Ag) particles. The fabrication process involved an in situ chemical reduction method to synthesize the PVDF‐HFP/Ag film. Subsequently, a two‐step nanoimprint lithography technique was employed to create the hierarchical structures. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the uniform distribution of these structures across the surface of the PVDF‐HFP/Ag film. The antibacterial properties of the produced samples were assessed using two model bacterial species, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli as representative bacteria models. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in antibacterial behavior, which is attributed to the presence of hierarchical structures on the surface of PVDF‐HFP/Ag films. This study offers insights into the development of antibacterial surfaces using nanoimprint lithography. These materials can be potentially used in various biomedical applications.
Additive manufacturing of 3D networks based on poly(lactic acid) and amine functionalized graphene oxide as a platform for scaffolds
Authors: Pinto Isabella Nayara , da Silva Medeiros Felipe , Nunes Fabio Caixeta , de Sousa Ricardo Geraldo , Albergaria Juliano Douglas Silva , Santos João Paulo Ferreira 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the present study, 3D networks were printed using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. The purpose was investigate the printability of graphene oxide (GO)‐based composites for potential bone tissue engineering applications. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments containing GO and amine functionalized GO (N‐GO) were produced by melt extrusion and employed to print 3D networks. The cytotoxicity, morphological, rheological, and thermal behavior of the samples were compared. The morphological, rheological, and wettability analyses indicated an improvement in dispersion of GO throughout the matrix of PLA when GO was amine functionalized. The viscoelastic and flow properties, as determined by rheology, indicated that printed PLA samples containing freeze‐dried GO had lower viscosity than other composites, with a viscosity of 59.4 (Pa s), a decrease of nine times when compared with pure PLA, while the PLA containing N‐GO presented an improved viscoelastic interaction. PLA contact angle (108°) decreased by 87° and 84° for N‐GO and GO, respectively. The thermal analyses depicted that the incorporation of freeze‐dried GO and N‐GO had no effect on the crystallinity or thermal transitions of PLA matrix, maintaining its thermal stability. Finally, the cytotoxicity analysis indicated that the composites were not toxic throughout the cell culture assay and were found to promote cell viability, especially for the PLA/N‐GO network. Thus, these results revealed a vast horizon toward the use of GO/biodegradable polymers as platforms to print 3D networks to be applied as scaffolds.
Epitaxial silicon transition zone measurements by spreading resistance profiling and Fourier transform infrared reflectometry
Authors: Najbauer Eszter E. , Sinkó Lucza , Biró Szilvia , Durkó Zsolt , Basa Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSilicon epitaxy is an essential building block in the manufacturing of complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Accurate determination of epitaxial layer thickness is indispensable for a uniform and reproducible process. In this paper, we compare thickness values of the transition zone (TZ) in silicon epitaxial wafers obtained by two of Semilab's production‐compatible electrical and optical characterization techniques: Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) reflectometry and spreading resistance profiling (SRP). We demonstrate a high correlation between TZ thicknesses obtained from the optical modeling of FTIR reflectance spectra and SRP profiles. The dependence of TZ thickness change on the high‐temperature annealing steps is also examined. FTIR reflectometry thus offers a quick, contactless alternative for obtaining structural parameters of an epitaxial layer, and these values can be well matched to those given by SRP.
Bifunctional Sildenafil Diazeniumdiolates Acting as Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors and Nitric Oxide Donors− Towards Wound Healing
Authors: Mas‐Roselló Josep , Tenor Hermann , Szabo Timea , Naef Reto , Sieber Simon , Gademann Karl 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInefficient wound healing poses a global health challenge with a lack of efficient treatments. Wound healing issues often correlate with low endogenous nitric oxide (NO) levels. While exogenous delivery with NO‐releasing compounds represents a promising therapeutic strategy, controlling the release of the highly reactive NO remains challenging. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, like sildenafil, have also been shown to promote wound healing. This study explores hybrid compounds, combining NO‐releasing diazeniumdiolates with a sildenafil‐derived PDE5 inhibitor. One compound demonstrated a favorable NO‐release profile, triggered by an esterase (prodrug), and displayed in vitro nanomolar inhibition potency against PDE5 and thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation. Both factors are known to promote blood flow and oxygenation. Thus, our findings unveil promising prospects for effective wound healing treatments.
Laser‐Induced Carbon Nanofiber‐Based Redox Cycling System
Authors: Perju Antonia , Wongkaew Nongnoot 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInvited for this issue's Front Cover is the group of Nongnoot Wongkaew. The cover picture shows an example of a 3D‐electrochemical redox‐cycling system made from laser‐induced carbon nanofiber electrodes where a fibrous insulating layer with a thickness in the range of micrometers is placed vertically between two electrodes. The cyclic voltammograms in blue and green exhibit the current response from the generator and collector, respectively, while the orange‐pink one represents the situation without redox cycling. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202300271.
Covalent Organic Frameworks as Nano‐Reservoir for Room Temperature RNA Storage
Authors: Nath Satyapriya , Tulsiyan Kiran D. , Mohapatra Binayak , Puthukkudi Adithyan , Alone Pankaj V. , Biswal Himansu S. , Biswal Bishnu P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe emerging role of Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) as therapeutics is alluring. However, RNAs are extremely labile under ambient conditions and typically need to be stored in cryogenic conditions (−20 °C to −80 °C). Hence, storage, stabilization, and transportation of RNA under ambient conditions have been an arduous task and remain an unsolved problem. In this work, a guanidinium‐based ionic covalent organic framework (COF), TTGCl with nanotubular morphology, was synthesized and used as nano‐reservoirs for room‐temperature storage of RNA. To understand the role of the nanotubular morphology and chemical nature of TTGCl in stabilizing the RNA structure and for comparison purposes, a neutral COF, TMT‐TT, is synthesized and studied. Further, density functional theory (DFT) studies confirmed non‐covalent interaction between the COFs and the RNA nucleobases, facilitating reversible storage of RNA. RNA loaded in COFs was found to be resistant to enzymatic degradation when treated with RNase. Gel electrophoresis and sequencing confirmed the structural integrity of the recovered RNAs and their further processibility.
Moderne Prozess‐ und Anlagensicherheit – Themen, Trends und Perspektiven
Authors: Schmidt Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDie Sicherheit von Prozessen und Anlagen rückt in den Fokus – Pandemien, Kriege und bilaterale Spannungen verschieben die strategische Ausrichtung von Unternehmen. Und der Fachkräftemangel fordert neue Wege, z.B. für Sicherheitsanalysen und Audits. Dies zeigen neue Regelwerke und Projekte, die gerade in der Entwicklung sind. Der Stand der Technik wird fortgeschrieben, u.a. mit Regelwerken wie der DIN‐EN‐ISO‐4126‐10, TRBS1115‐1, NIS II, die Betreiber von Anlagen in 2024 sicherlich beschäftigen werden.
Zugelassen nach der Druckgeräterichtlinie
Authors: Kazaklis Dimitrios , Kogler Josef 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWeil sie aus einem kohlenstofffaserverstärkten Kunststoff (CFK) gefertigt sind, bieten platzsparende CFK‐Druckbehälter Gewichts‐ und Stabilitätsvorteile gegenüber Modellen aus Metall. Sie kommen auch in Anlagen zum Einsatz, die mit Wasserstoff arbeiten. Vor ihrem Einbau in stationäre Anwendungen, die in den Geltungsbereich der Druckgeräterichtlinie 2014/68/EU (DGRL) fallen, müssen sie jedoch erst gemäß DGRL zugelassen werden. TüV Süd hat hierzu ein Prüfprogramm entwickelt und bei einem Weltmarktführer für Wasserstoffspeicher erfolgreich angewendet.
Potenziale des digitalen Sicherheitszyklus nutzen
Authors: Sieber Peter , Turdo Marco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnlagenbetreiber stehen vor vielfältigen Herausforderungen wie Fachkräftemangel, Internationalisierung, Betriebserlaubnis und Druck zur Produktivitäts‐ und Effizienzsteigerung. Ein neuer und ganzheitlicher Ansatz zur Digitalisierung des Sicherheitslebenszyklus eröffnet jetzt neue Potenziale und hilft dabei, die Herausforderungen zu meistern.
OT‐Security beginnt mit der Anlagenplanung
Authors: Fritzsche Denise , Crocoll Nora 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFür Maschinenbauer und Anlagenbetreiber wird Security ein immer wichtigeres Thema. Normen wie die IEC 62443 stellen unter anderem Anforderungen an die Systemsicherheit und Sicherheitsstufen. Ziel ist es, mit der Maschinenverordnung die Cybersicherheit der Industrie zu stärken, gerade auch auf OT‐Ebene. Denn immer öfter wird diese von Angriffen auf die IT‐Ebene quasi als “Beifang” in Mitleidenschaft gezogen. Gleichzeitig sollte sie aber auch vor direkten Angriffen, die im Produktionsumfeld stattfinden, geschützt werden.
Sicher ist sicher
Authors: Schweder Christine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractZunehmende Anforderungen an die Sicherheit und weiter steigende Rohstoffpreise – es wird immer wichtiger, Ausfälle in der Produktion zu vermeiden. Eine Schlüsselrolle für die Anlagensicherheit spielt die eingesetzte Messtechnik: Je zuverlässiger ein Messgerät in jeder Situation ist, desto sicherer ist die gesamte Anlage. Messgeräte für Druck‐ und Temperaturmessung mit SIL‐Qualifikation erfüllen die hohen Ansprüche an die Anlagenverfügbarkeit.
Application of Exciton Coupling for Characterization of Nanographene Edges
Authors: Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Haino's group at Hiroshima University. The image shows the mirror image circular dichroism spectra of nanographenes carrying chiral chromophores. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300740.
Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate via Transesterification of Ethylene Carbonate and Methanol over Mesoporous KF‐loaded Mg‐Fe Oxides
Authors: Wei Meng‐Ge , Li Hong‐Ru , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA series of KF/Mg‐Fe oxides were fabricated via the solid‐state reaction between KF and Mg‐Fe oxides. Especially, when 20 wt % KF was supported on the Mg‐Fe bi‐metal oxides and calcined at 400–600 °C, the solid material with more basic sites than the support itself was obtained. When applied as catalyst to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis through transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) and methanol, this material can afforded up to 88 % yield and 97 % selectivity toward DMC in 2 h under reflux conditions with the molar ratio of methanol to ethylene carbonate set at 8. It is worth noting that the catalyst was easily separated and reused, retaining at least 89 % catalytic activity during the first four recycles. Although an attenuated activity was still observed due to the inevitable filtration loss and dissolution, this solid base can still provide clues to the development recyclable catalyst in green synthesis of DMC.
Non‐Equivalent Donor‐Acceptor Type Polymers as Dopant‐Free Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Haotian , He Zhichao , Wang Xuelin , Yao Lu , Li Chunyan , Zhou Zhonggao , Li Kan , Ling Qidan , Zhen Hongyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectron donor (D)‐electron acceptor (A) type conjugated polymers present bright prospects as dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Most of the reported D‐A polymeric HTMs contain equivalent amounts of D and A units, while the appropriate excess proportion of D units could optimize the aggregation state of polymer chains and improve the hole transport properties of the polymers. Herein, a non‐equivalent D‐A copolymerization strategy was utilized to develop three indacenodithiophene‐benzotriazole‐based polymeric HTMs for PVSCs, named as F‐10, F‐15, and F‐20, and the equivalent D‐A polymer F‐00 was studied in parallel. Effects of D : A ratio on the hole transport properties of these D‐A type polymeric HTMs, including energy level, molecular stacking, hole mobility, and surface morphology, were investigated by theoretical simulation and test analysis. F‐15 performed best due to the appropriate D : A ratio, endowing the PVSCs a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.37 % with high stability, which confirms the fine‐tuning D : A ratio via non‐equivalent D‐A copolymerization strategy is very helpful to construct D‐A type polymeric HTMs for high‐performance PVSCs.
Multicenter study of invasive gastric cancer detected after 10 years of Helicobacter pylori eradication in Japan: Clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic characteristics
Authors: Kobayashi Masaaki , Fujisaki Junko , Namikawa Ken , Hoteya Shu , Sasaki Akiko , Shibagaki Kotaro , Yao Kenshi , Abe Seiichiro , Oda Ichiro , Ueyama Hiroya , Isomoto Hajime , Ito Masanori , Sugimoto Mitsushige , Kawai Takashi , Kodama Masaaki , Murakami Kazunari , Adachi Kyoichi , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki , Ohata Ken , Ushijima Toshikazu , Kato Mototsugu , Miyamoto Shin'ichi , Yoshimura Daisuke , Yao Takashi , Yagi Kazuyoshi , Iwaizumi Moriya , Uemura Naomi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesGastric cancer can be diagnosed even in patients long after Helicobacter pylori eradication. Most cases involve intramucosal lesions; however, some are invasive and require surgery. To clarify appropriate long‐term surveillance methods, this study compared invasive gastric cancer diagnosed ≥10 and <10 years after eradication.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study included 14 institutions. We included 377 patients with gastric cancer with submucosal or deep invasion after surgical or endoscopic resection. Ordered logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors contributing to the pathological stage and histological type.ResultsInvasive gastric cancer was detected in 84 patients (Group L) and 293 patients (Group S) ≥10 and <10 years after H. pylori eradication, respectively. Endoscopic mucosal atrophy at the time of cancer detection was similar in both groups; 50% of the patients had severe atrophy. Annual endoscopy correlated with early pathological stage (odds ratio [OR] 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.54, p < 0.001). Group L exhibited an independent correlation with the advanced pathological stage (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.06–4.88, p = 0.035) and the undifferentiated type (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.16–3.90, p = 0.015). The pure differentiated type and early pathological stage significantly (p = 0.001) correlated with severe mucosal atrophy in Group S but not in Group L.ConclusionsInvasive cancers diagnosed ≥10 years after H. pylori eradication were likely to be more malignant in histological type and pathological stage. Gastric cancer surveillance should continue regardless of endoscopic atrophy, particularly ≥10 years after eradication.
Interleukin‐2‐induced skin inflammation
Authors: Sommer Charline , Cohen Jarish N. , Dehmel Susann , Neuhaus Vanessa , Schaudien Dirk , Braun Armin , Sewald Katherina , Rosenblum Michael D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecombinant human IL‐2 has been used to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer; however, side effects like skin rashes limit the use of this therapeutic. To identify key molecules and cells inducing this side effect, we characterized IL‐2‐induced cutaneous immune reactions and investigated the relevance of CD25 (IL‐2 receptor α) in the process. We injected IL‐2 intradermally into WT mice and observed increases in immune cell subsets in the skin with preferential increases in frequencies of IL‐4‐ and IL‐13‐producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL‐17‐producing dermal γδ T cells. This overall led to a shift toward type 2/type 17 immune responses. In addition, using a novel topical genetic deletion approach, we reduced CD25 on skin, specifically on all cutaneous cells, and found that IL‐2‐dependent effects were reduced, hinting that CD25 — at least partly — induces this skin inflammation. Reduction of CD25 specifically on skin Tregs further augmented IL‐2‐induced immune cell infiltration, hinting that CD25 on skin Tregs is crucial to restrain IL‐2‐induced inflammation. Overall, our data support that innate lymphoid immune cells are key cells inducing side effects during IL‐2 therapy and underline the significance of CD25 in this process.
Leukotriene B4‐induced neutrophil extracellular traps impede the clearance of Pneumocystis
Authors: Zhou Yanxi , Deng Shuwei , Du Chunjing , Zhang Liang , Li Lan , Liu Yujia , Wang Yijie , Zhang Yue , Zhu Liuluan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a fungal pulmonary disease with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. Neutrophils are essential in defending against fungal infections; however, their role in PCP is controversial. Here we aim to investigate the effects of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on Pneumocystis clearance and lung injury using a mouse model of PCP. Intriguingly, although neutrophils play a fundamental role in defending against fungal infections, NETs failed to eliminate Pneumocystis, but instead impaired the killing of Pneumocystis. Mechanically, Pneumocystis triggered Leukotriene B4 (LTB4)‐dependent neutrophil swarming, leading to agglutinative NET formation. Blocking Leukotriene B4 with its receptor antagonist Etalocib significantly reduced the accumulation and NET release of neutrophils in vitro and in vivo, enhanced the killing ability of neutrophils against Pneumocystis, and alleviated lung injury in PCP mice. This study identifies the deleterious role of agglutinative NETs in Pneumocystis infection and reveals a new way to prevent NET formation, which provides new insights into the pathogenesis of PCP.