bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multigrid‐based shifted Laplacian preconditioner for a fourth‐order Helmholtz discretization
Authors: Umetani N. , MacLachlan S. P. , Oosterlee C. W. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper, an iterative solution method for a fourth‐order accurate discretization of the Helmholtz equation is presented. The method is a generalization of that presented in (SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 2006; 27:1471–1492), where multigrid was employed as a preconditioner for a Krylov subspace iterative method. The multigrid preconditioner is based on the solution of a second Helmholtz operator with a complex‐valued shift. In particular, we compare preconditioners based on a point‐wise Jacobi smoother with those using an ILU(0) smoother, we compare using the prolongation operator developed by de Zeeuw in (J. Comput. Appl. Math. 1990; 33:1–27) with interpolation operators based on algebraic multigrid principles, and we compare the performance of the Krylov subspace method Bi‐conjugate gradient stabilized with the recently introduced induced dimension reduction method, IDR(s). These three improvements are combined to yield an efficient solver for heterogeneous problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A unified and flexible solution for integrating CRL and OCSP into PKI applications
Authors: Berbecaru Diana , Desai Amarkumar , Lioy Antonio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPublic key certificates (PKCs) are used nowadays in several security protocols and applications, so as to secure data exchange via transport layer security channels, or to protect data at the application level by means of digital signatures. However, many security applications often fail to manage properly the PKCs, in particular when checking their validity status. These failures are partly due to the lack of experience (or training) of the users who configure these applications or protocols, and partly due to the scarce support offered by some common cryptographic libraries to the application developers.This paper describes the design and implementation of a light middleware dealing with certificate validation in a unified way. Our middleware exploits on one side the libraries that have already been defined or implemented for certificate validation, and it constructs a thin layer, which provides flexibility and security features to the upper layer applications. In our current approach, this layer boasts an integrated approach to support various certificate revocation mechanisms, it protects the applications from some common security attacks, and offers several configuration and performance options to the programmers and to the end users. We describe the architecture of this approach as well as its practical implementation in the form of a library based on the famous OpenSSL security library, and that can be easily integrated with other certificate‐aware security applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Government informatization: a case study
Authors: Zhang Li , Wei Yuan , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGovernment informatization, as a new feature of public administration, has gained intense attention in China. After years of development, there have been some achievements but at the same time, it is still rife with problems. This paper gives a comprehensive analysis on the background of government informatization in China, expounds on the trend of the e‐government in China by using the case of Shenzhen, and introduces the development of e‐government in some other cities. On top of that, we predict the trend for government informatization and propose that e‐government will be the future direction for China's public administration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal cardiac function assessed with four‐dimensional ultrasound imaging using spatiotemporal image correlation
Authors: Uittenbogaard L. B. , Haak M. C. , Spreeuwenberg M. D. , van Vugt J. M. G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe goal of this study was to use spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) to provide reference values for left and right ventricle volumes, and indices of fetal cardiac function.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal study, STIC volumes were acquired periodically from 12 weeks of gestation onwards. The STIC volumes were frozen in end‐systole and end‐diastole, and volumetric data were measured by manual tracing and summation of multiple slices. These ventricle volumes were used to calculate stroke volume, ejection fraction and cardiac output.ResultsSome 202 STIC volumes of 63 fetuses were included in the analysis. Mean left and right ventricle stroke volume increased from 0.02 mL at 12 weeks to 1.41 mL and 1.46 mL, respectively, at 30 weeks, while the mean right to left stroke volume ratio remained stable at around 1.2. Mean left and right ventricle cardiac output increased from 2.40 mL/min and 2.60 mL/min at 12 weeks to 197.74 mL/min and 204.81 mL/min, respectively, at 30 weeks. Both left and right mean ejection fraction remained constant at around 0.45 with advancing gestational age. Bland–Altman analysis showed a coefficient of variation for measured stroke volume of 13.7%.ConclusionsThis study establishes reference values for fetal cardiac volumes and indices for fetal cardiac function from 12 to 30 weeks of gestation using STIC. STIC seems to overcome many of the pitfalls of conventional ultrasound methods and has the potential to become the method of choice. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Structure of a Hybrid Metal Phthalate Compound and Its Magnetic Property
Authors: Wu Wen , Xie Ji‐Min , Xuan Ya‐Wen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe hybrid transition metal – alkali metal compound, [Ni(H2O)6·(μ‐H2O)2·K2(phth)4(H2O)], (phth = phthalate) (1), was synthesized from nickel(II) nitrate, KOH and potassium hydrogen phthalate, and was isolated by crystallization. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that 1 belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 10.455(2) Å, b = 6.8670(14) Å, c = 29.704(6) Å, γ = 98.14(3)°, R1 = 0.0585, wR2 = 0.1503. In the title compound, [K2(phth)4]2+ units are bonded to water‐bridged Ni chains forming 2D lamellar‐like compounds.
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Behavior of Two 4d‐4f Coordination Polymers Based on N and O Donor Ligands
Authors: Lian Qing‐Yang , Huang Chun‐De , Zeng Rong‐Hua , Qiu Yong‐Cai , Mou Ji‐Xia , Deng Hong , Zeller Matthias 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwo new 4d‐4f coordination polymers, [Ag2Nd(nic)4(H2O)4·(ClO4)·H2O] (1) and [Ag8Yb4(inic)8(ox)6]· [Ag2(inic)2] (2) [nic = nicotinate, inic = isonicotinate and ox = oxalate] have been synthesized and characterized by element analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis, as well as single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 exhibits a wavelike layer that is assembled from neodymium‐carboxylate subunits, silver centres and perchlorate ions. Complex 2 represents a extended heterometallic sandwich‐like layered network that is constructed from ytterbium‐oxalate layers and Ag(inic) chains.
Thiosemicarbazonates of Ruthenium(II): Crystal Structures of [Bis(triphenylphosphine)][bis(N‐phenyl‐pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde Thiosemicarbazonato)]ruthenium(II) and [Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane][bis(salicylaldehyde Thiosemicarbazonato)]ruthenium(II)
Authors: Lobana Tarlok S. , Bawa Gagandeep , Butcher Ray J. , Liu Chen W. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractReaction of RuCl2(PPh3)3 with N‐Phenyl‐pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (C5H4N–C2(H)=N3‐N2H–C1(=S)N1HC6H5, Hpytsc‐NPh) in presence of Et3N base led to loss of ‐N2H‐proton and yielded the complex [Ru(pytsc‐NPh)2(Ph3P)2] (1). Similar reactions of precursor RuCl2[(p‐tolyl)3P]3 with a series of thiosemicarbazone ligands, viz. pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Hpytsc), salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (H2stsc), and benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Hbtsc), have yielded the complexes, [Ru(pytsc)2{(p‐tolyl)3P}2] (2), [Ru(Hstsc)2{(p‐tolyl)3P}]2 (3), and [Ru(btsc)2{(p‐tolyl)3P}2] (4), respectively. The reactions of precursor Ru2Cl4(dppb)3 {dppb = Ph2P–(CH2)4–PPh2} with H2stsc, Hbtsc, furan‐2‐carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Hftsc) and thiophene‐2‐carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Httsc) have formed complexes of the composition, [Ru(Hstsc)2(dppb)] (5), [Ru(btsc)2(dppb)] (6), [Ru(ftsc)2(dppb)] (7), and [Ru(ttsc)2(dppb)] (8). The complexes have been characterized by analytical data, IR, NMR (1H, 31P) spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography (1 and 5). The proton NMR confirmed loss of –N2H– proton in all the compounds, and 31P NMR spectra reveal the presence of equivalent phosphorus atoms in the complexes. In all the compounds, thiosemicarbazone ligands coordinate to the RuII atom via hydrazinic nitrogen (N2) and sulfur atoms. The arrangement around each metal atom is distorted octahedral with cis:cis:trans P, P:N, N:S, S dispositions of donor atoms.
Reactions of Complex Ligands. Part 107 Densely Substituted Hydroquinoid Phenanthrene and Triphenylene Cr(CO)3 Complexes: Chromium‐Templated Synthesis and Molecular Structure
Authors: Dötz Karl Heinz , Stendel Joachim , Nieger Martin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDensely substituted hydroquinoid phenanthrene (10–18), acephenanthrene (19), and triphenylene chromium tricarbonyl complexes (20–22) have been prepared via benzannulation of naphthalenyl (1–7), acenaphthenyl (8) and phenanthrenyl carbene complexes (9), respectively. The naphthalenyl, acenaphthenyl and phenanthrenyl carbene complexes 1–9 were obtained in 52–88 % yield starting from commercially available bromoarenes by dehalolithiation, addition of hexacarbonyl chromium to the lithioarene and O‐alkylation of the resulting acyl chromates with trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (Fischer route). The benzannulation of the aryl carbene complexes (either with 3‐hexyne / (t‐butyl)dimethylsilyl chloride or with (t‐butyl)dimethylsilylethyne) allowed the regiospecific synthesis of the oligocyclic hydroquinoid arene tricarbonyl chromium complexes 10–22 in 44–94 % yield thus providing a two‐step synthesis with overall yields of 18 ‐ 80 %. Under the kinetic reaction conditions used the metal atom is exclusively coordinated to the persubstituted terminal hydroquinoid ring. The molecular structures of phenanthrene complexes 10, 12–14, and 16, acephenanthrene complex 19, and triphenylene complexes 20 and 21 in the solid state have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. The carbonyl ligands either adopt an eclipsed (10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20) or staggered (13, 21) exo‐conformation pointing away from the center of the phenanthrene, acephenanthrene and triphenylene ligands, respectively. The coordination of the metal atom to the hydroquinoid ring is unsymmetric with the largest metal‐carbon distances found between the chromium atom and one bridgehead carbon and the ring carbon atom bearing the bulky (t‐butyl)dimethylsilyloxy (TBDMSO) substituent.
The Crystal Structure of Ni21Sn2P6
Authors: Schmetterer Clemens , Wildner Manfred , Giester Gerald , Richter Klaus W. , Ipser Herbert 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDuring an investigation of the phase equilibria in the ternary system Ni/P/Sn, the existence of a new phase Ni21Sn2P6 with a composition close to the known Ni10P3Sn phase was found. The crystal structure of the new phase was determined using single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structure was solved employing Patterson and Difference Fourier Analysis. Ni21P6Sn2 (space group $Fm{\bar 3}m$, a = 1112.2 pm) crystallizes in an ordered variant of the C6Cr23 structure common to many carbides, borides and phosphides. The relation between Ni21Sn2P6 and other C6Cr23 type phases and to Ni10P3Sn was established.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Ternary Potassium Transition Metal Chlorides
Authors: Pawelke Roland H. , Felderhoff Michael , Weidenthaler Claudia , Bogdanovíc Borislav , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTernary halide systems KMIICl3 (MII = Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) have been prepared by mechanochemical synthesis. Furthermore, TiCl2 was converted to Ti7Cl16 by mechanochemical treatment. For most samples, the X‐ray powder diffraction patterns could either be assigned to isotypic structures or were found in accordance with reference data. The monochloride systems of Ti, Co and Zn were extended to their double chloride stoichiometry K2MIICl4.
Tuning the Photophysical Properties and Solid‐State Organization of Perfluorophenyl‐functionalized Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]phospholes
Authors: Dienes Yvonne , Englert Ulli , Baumgartner Thomas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA series of perfluorophenyl‐substituted dithienophosphole derivates has been synthesized. Investigation of their photophysical properties, as well as their organization in the solid state reveals that these properties can be manipulated via introduction of bromine substituents in 2,6‐position of the dithienphosphole scaffold, as well as the complexation of the phosphorus center with an electron rich gold(I) fragment. The strongly electron‐withdrawing character of the perfluorophenyl‐group surmounts the effect of the oxidation of the phosphorus center with respect to photophysics, leading to leading to optoelectronic features similar to those of the trivalent phosphole species. The trivalent phosphole species. The solid‐state organization of the members of this perfluorinated dithienophosphole family, on the other hand, strongly depends on the heteroatoms present within the system, as close intermolecular interactions can be observed between varieties of different atoms (Au‐Au, Br‐Br, Br‐O, Br‐C, F‐C, O‐S), next to regular C‐C π‐stacking interactions.
Reaction of Selenium with Bromine in the Presence of Methyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [PMePh3]2[Se2Br6] and [PMePh3]2[SeBr6(SeBr2)2]
Authors: Janickis Vitalijus , Klinga Martti 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe brown crystals of [PMePh3]2[Se2Br6] (1) and red crystals of [PMePh3]2[SeBr6(SeBr2)2] (2) were obtained when selenium and bromine reacted in the solution of acetonitrile in the presence of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 has been determined by the X‐ray methods and refined to R = 0.0373 for 2397 reflections and 0.0397 for 3417 reflections, respectively. The salt 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the cell dimensions a = 13.202(5) Å, b = 11.954(4) Å, c = 13.418(6) Å, β = 93.08(4)° (193(2)). The crystals of 2 are triclinic, space group $P{\bar 1}$ with the cell dimensions a = 10.266(3) Å, b = 11.311(3) Å, c = 11.619(2) Å, α = 108.87(2)°, β = 105.72(2)°, γ = 99.40(2)° (193(2) K). In the solid state structure of 1 the dinuclear hexabromo‐diselenate(II) anion is centrosymmetric and consists of two distorted almost square planar SeBr4 units sharing a common edge through two μ‐bridging Br atoms. The terminal SeII–Br bonds are 2.3984(11) and 2.4273(11) Å, whereas the bridging μBr–SeII bonds are 2.7817(11) and 2.9081(12) Å. In the solid state the trinuclear [SeBr6(SeBr2)2]2− anion of 2 is centrosymmetric too and contains a nearly regular [SeBr6] octahedron where the four equatorial bromo ligands each have developed bonds to the SeII atoms of the SeBr2 molecules. The contacts between the bridging bromo and the SeII atoms of the SeBr2 molecules are 3.0603(15) and 3.1043(12) Å, and can be interpreted as bonds of the donor‐acceptor type with the bridging bromo ligands as donors and the SeBr2 molecules as acceptors. The SeIV–Br distances are in the range 2.5570(9)–2.5773(11) Å and the SeII–Br bond lengths in coordinated SeBr2 molecules – 2.3411(12) and 2.3421(10) Å.
New Nitriminotetrazoles – Synthesis, Structures and Characterization
Authors: Fischer Niko , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe reactions of 5‐nitriminotetrazole (4) with 1‐methyl‐5‐aminotetrazole (2) as well as 2‐methyl‐5‐aminotetrazole (3) were investigated. In the first reaction 2 was protonated yielding 1‐methyl‐5‐aminotetrazolium 5‐nitrimino‐1H‐tetrazolate monohydrate (7). In the latter case no protonation could be observed and a co‐crystallization of 5‐nitraminotetrazole and 2‐methyl‐5‐aminotetrazole was obtained. In this compound a new tautomer of 4 could be found. Both products were determined by low temperature single crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR, Raman and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 15N) NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis as well as differential scanning calorimetry. In addition the heats of formation were calculated using experimentally obtained heats of combustion. With these and the X‐ray densities several detonation parameter were computed using the EXPLO5 software. In addition the sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were determined. Further, two crystal structures of the important starting materials in energetic research 5‐nitriminotetrazole monohydrate (4·H2O) and 1‐methyl‐5‐nitriminotetrazolemonohydrate (5·H2O) are presented and compared with the water‐free compounds. The heats of formation of 4, 4·H2O, 5, 5·H2O have been calculated by the atomization method using the CBS basis set. Inclusion of crystal water decrease heats of formation about 265 kJ mol−1. Also the influence of crystal water on sensitivities (impact, friction, electrostatic discharge) but also performance is discussed.
Hyperbolic Cation Diffusion Paths in α‐RbAg4I5 Type Superionic Conductors (Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2008, 634, 2156–2160)
Authors: Chang Jen‐Hui , Zürn Anke , von Schnering Hans Georg 
Published: February 2009

Abstracton Page 2158:The distances Δ and Δ′ from the Ag+ positions to the three adjacent I3 triangles have to be multiplied by the lattice parameter a. The correct values are Δ = 0.086(1) × a (in Å) and Δ′ = 0.084 × a (in Å), respectively.
Combined hyperlipidaemia as a presenting sign of cholesteryl ester storage disease
Authors: Decarlis S. , Agostoni C. , Ferrante F. , Scarlino S. , Riva E. , Giovannini M. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryLysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency results in Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD), a more benign form. CESD is a recessive disorder characterized by hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, low blood HDL and variable phenotype, while hepatomegaly is usually evident during childhood or adolescence. An 11‐year‐old girl was referred to our department for combined hyperlipidaemia (total cholesterol 323, triglycerides 259 mg/dl). All family members had normal lipid profile and liver function tests. At 8 years she was admitted for acute Epstein–Barr virus infection, with hepatosplenomegaly and elevation of liver enzymes. Liver‐spleen enlargement resolved, but serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were persistently twice the upper limits, with other liver function tests within the normal range. Ultrasonography showed normal liver and spleen size and minimal hepatic steatosis. Infectious, autoimmune and metabolic causes of elevated liver enzymes were ruled out, including glycogen storage disease. Dysbetalipoproteinaemia was also ruled out (ApoE phenotype: E3E3). In the following 2 years the girl was symptom‐free, BMI was at the 50th–75th centile for age and lipid profile was unchanged despite a low‐fat diet. At 13 years of age, low acid lipase activity was demonstrated in leukocytes (10 nmol/h/per mg protein, normal 140–380) and cultured skin fibroblasts (181 nmol/h per mg protein, normal 1100–2400), leading to diagnosis of CESD. CESD usually progresses to hepatic fibrosis, with high risk of premature atherosclerosis. CESD prevalence may be underestimated in the general population. The diagnosis may be considered in all subjects with atypical combined hyperlipidaemia (usually dominant in transmission or related to metabolic syndrome) and atypical ‘fatty liver disease’, in the absence of overweight.
Comparisons of Biodiesel Produced from Unrefined Oils of Different Peanut Cultivars
Authors: Davis J. P. , Geller D. , Faircloth W. H. , Sanders T. H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBiodiesels were prepared according to standard procedures from unrefined oils of eight commercially available peanut cultivars and compared for differences in physical properties important to fuel performance. Dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity and density were measured from 100 to 15 °C, and differences (p < 0.05) in these physical properties occurred more frequently at lower temperatures when comparing the different cultivars. Unlike data for the oil feedstocks, no meaningful correlations among biodiesel fatty acid profiles and either fuel viscosity or density were observed. Low temperature crystallization of the peanut biodiesels was measured via differential scanning calorimetry. Increased concentrations of long chain saturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were associated with an increased propensity for low temperature crystallization, and the single FAME category most associated with low temperature crystallization was C:24. Tempering at 10 °C followed by analysis of the soluble fractions (winterization), improved crystallization properties and confirmed the importance that long chain saturated FAMEs play in the final functionality of peanut biodiesel. Peanut data is also compared to data for canola and soy biodiesels, as these feedstocks are more common worldwide for biodiesel production. Overall, this work suggests that minimizing the concentration of long chain saturated FAMEs within peanut biodiesel, either through processing and/or breeding efforts would improve the low temperature performance of peanut biodiesel.
Evaluation of cervical screening in rural North India
Authors: Bhatla Neerja , Gulati Arti , Mathur Sandeep R. , Rani Sangita , Anand Krishnan , Muwonge Richard , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of cervical screening with visual inspection and cytology testing, and the cure rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after treatment, in a rural population in North India.MethodsA cross‐sectional study evaluated the detection rates of CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions by cytology testing and by visual inspection of the cervix following the application of 5% acetic acid (VIA) or Lugol's iodine (VILI). It also evaluated the cure rates following treatment of CIN.ResultsOf 5050 women approached in 17 villages, 3000 (59.4%) participated (range, 41%–91%). Of these, 14.2% were positive by VIA, 15.6% by VILI, and 5.4% by cytology testing at ASCUS threshold, and 37 women were diagnosed as having CIN 1 and 20 as having CIN 2 or CIN 3. Detection rates of CIN 2 or 3 using VIA, VILI, and cytologic findings of ASCUS and LSIL were 3.7, 3.3, 4.5, and 4.2 per 1000 women, respectively, and 91.4% of the treated women were cured.ConclusionBoth VIA and VILI were found to be accurate screening tests and the cure rates for CIN were satisfactory.
Some Quotations in the Liber Glossarvm
Authors: Mountford J. F. 
Published: February 2009

In response to a suggestion in the Class. Rev. (XXXIII. 106), the two MSS. of the Liber Glossarum preserved at Tours have recently been examined. Since they had not been seen by Goetz when he published his excerpts, the following short descriptions may be added to the introduction of Vol. V. of the Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum:1. Tours, Bibliothèque de Ville, MS. No. 850; end of the ninth century; foll. 493, of which 1, 491, 492 are mere corners; cmm. 49 by 29. The last item is an Isidore gloss, Zatenen.-gemmam. Gaps due to loss of folia occur between Abiectus and Abdolet; Dextera manus and Dialogus; Faber and Impulitum; Res diuinae and Samsacus. There are no corrections except between folia 197 and 300, where a thirteenth-century hand has checked the MS. by means of another copy of the Lib. Gloss. The items are drawn up in two columns, and the alphabetical arrangement agrees for the most part with that of Vat. Pal. lat. 1773. Marginal indications of the sources of the items are numerous except between Profanum and Remeantes; where two or three neighbouring items come from the same source, the marginal mark is repeated; and towards the end of the MS., where the scribe takes to writing two items in the same line, the indication is also carefully transferred. This is important in view of Goetz' theory that the source of an unlabelled item is that given by the last preceding label.