bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactions of the Small Tin Clusters with Carbon Monoxide: Infrared Spectra and DFT Calculations of the SnnCO (n = 2–5) and Sn2(CO)2 Molecules in Solid Argon
Authors: Jiang Ling , Xu Qiang 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Laser-ablated Sn atoms have been co-deposited with CO molecules in solid argon to produce tin carbonyls. In addition to the previously reported Sn(CO)n (n = 1 and 2) molecules, small tin cluster carbonyls SnnCO (n = 2–5) and Sn2(CO)2 are formed on sample annealing, and are characterized using infrared spectroscopy on the basis of the results of the isotopic substitution, the CO concentration change, and the comparison with theoretical predictions. It is found that Sn2CO, Sn3CO, and Sn5CO are bridge-bonded carbonyl compounds, whereas Sn2(CO)2 and Sn4CO are terminal-bonded carbonyl molecules. The Sn2(CO)2 species observably undergoes photo-induced decomposition to Sn(CO)2. Another interesting finding is that the absorption of Sn4CO shifts from 1994.0 to 1989.8 cm−1 by UV light irradiation, probably due to the change of the electronic state or the matrix effect. The density functional theory calculations have been performed on these molecules and the corresponding small naked tin clusters. Furthermore, energetic analysis for the possible reactions of lead atoms with CO molecules is also given.
Dynamic Property of H2O in Layered VOPO4·2H2O Studied by Solid-State NMR
Authors: Kawaguchi Takamoto , Ohki Hiroshi , Yamada Koji , Okuda Tsutomu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The dynamics of interlayer H2O in VOPO4·2H2O have been studied by 1H and 2H NMR measurements. This compound contains two different kinds of water molecules. One of the two water molecules has a coordination bond to the V in the layer. The 2H NMR spectrum at 150 K was reproduced by one component with the quadrupole-coupling constant QCC = 220 kHz and the asymmetry parameter η = 0.12. This result suggests that all H2O molecules are static at this temperature. In the temperature range of 160–240 K, both interlayer H2O molecules show 180°-flipping motion from the 2H NMR spectra. This motion of the two different H2O molecules suggests the hydrogen-bonding network between these interlayer H2O. The activation energies of this motion could be determined to be 30 kJ mol−1 from the 2H NMR spectrum simulation. Additionally, the diffusional component also appeared above 240 K. Above 270 K, two-dimensional diffusion of the interlayer species is suggested in this material.
Crystal Structure of Double Salts with Different Organic Cations Obtained from the Reaction of Tetrabutylammonium Bis(2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato)nickelate(II) and 1-Propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanium Bromide
Authors: Onozaki Kei , Miyamura Kazuo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The reaction between (Bu4N)2[Ni(dmit)2] (Bu4N = tetrabutylammonium, dmit = 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato) and the bromide of 1-propyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanium (C3DABCO) yielded crystals of the double salt (Bu4N)4(C3DABCO)2[Ni(dmit)2]3 together with (C3DABCO)2[Ni(dmit)2]. The structures of the two crystals have been solved and compared. The crystal of the double salt was made up of one (C3DABCO)2[Ni(dmit)2] and two (Bu4N)2[Ni(dmit)2] units. In both units, planar [Ni(dmit)2]2− was sandwiched by two cations. The Ni–N+ distance of the (C3DABCO)2[Ni(dmit)2] unit in a single salt was 0.3 Å longer than that in the double salt. The ethyl- and butyl-substituted analogues, abbreviated as C2DABCO and C4DABCO, respectively, were also synthesized by a similar procedure, but did not form a double salt. However, the volume of the C4DABCO single salt was found to be smaller than that of the C3DABCO single salt, although the alkyl chain was elongated.
Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes of a Macrocyclic Compartmental Ligand in Two Isomeric Forms. Exogenous Ion Effect upon Ligand Isomerism
Authors: Sekine Noboru , Shiga Takuya , Ohba Masaaki , Okawa Hisashi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A dinucleating compartmental ligand derived from the cyclic [2:1:1] condensation of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol, 1,3-propanediamine, and diethylenetriamine (dien) assumes two isomeric forms in the dinuclear copper(II) complexes, [Cu2(La)](ClO4)2·2H2O (1) and [Cu2(Lb)(AcO)]BPh4 (2). Complex 1 has the ligand in the usual condensation with a trimethylene chain (–(CH2)3–) and a 3-azapentamethylene chain (–(CH2)2NH(CH2)2–) between two azomethine nitrogen atoms; the nitrogen atom of the 3-azapentamethylene chain is free from coordination. Complex 2 has the ligand in an unusual condensation with dien: The central amino nitrogen of dien is further involved in the condensation with one C=N linkage to form an imidazolidine ring. An acetate ion bridges two copper ions to form a μ-acetato-di(μ-phenolato) dinuclear core with a saddle-like shape. The origin for the unusual condensation in 2 is considered and the physicochemical properties of 1 and 2 are examined.
π-Conjugated Poly(1,10-phenanthroline)–RuII(bpy)2 Complex as an n-Type Active Material for FET
Authors: Yamamoto Takakazu , Sakai Yoshimasa , Aramaki Shinji 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
RuII(bpy)2 complexes of poly(2-nonyl-1,10-phenanthroline-3,8-diyl) and poly(1,10-phenanthroline-3,8-diyl) acted as an n-channel in field-effect transistors (FETs), and showed electron mobility of 5.5 × 10−3 and 1.9 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. Without the Ru2+ complexation, the original poly(1,10-phenanthroline-3,8-diyl) did not behave as the n-channel active material, suggesting the enhancement of electron-accepting and electron-conducting properties of the polymer by the metal complexation.
Myth and Measure: Drawings of the 1970s
Authors: Rinder Lawrence 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany of the 1970s’ drawings of Lebbeus Woods feature disguised human form. The most classical physiognomies maintain links with a primordial, even reptilian antipode. Lawrence Rinder, Director Emeritus of the University of California, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, explores the manifestations of figure in Woods's private mythology, and points to the uncanny synergy of its themes and compositions with works by Giambattista Tiepolo.
In Place of Light: On Early Writings
Authors: Keller Eliyahu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhere is one's voice to be found? Not all architects search for it in both drawing and writing. Eliyahu Keller, an architectural historian working at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, examines one of Lebbeus Woods's distinct early tropes: an ever‐tense continuum between the image and the text. His ocular reading of Woods's scripts diagnoses their involvement with a darkness of an age, not its light.
Catalytic Moments, Friendships and Journeys
Authors: Cook Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen an architectural argonaut whose creative life was spent on a quest to open more possibilities for architecture meets another, a special mutual respect is instilled. Peter Cook, Archigram co‐founder and doyen of the Architectural Association (AA) in the 1980s, recalls his initial encounter and some of the moments he has shared with Lebbeus Woods over the decades.
Integration of Mechatronic Functions on Additively Manufactured Components via Laser‐Assisted Selective Metal Deposition
Authors: Vieten Tobias , Weser Sascha , Schilling Alexander , Gläser Kerstin , Zimmermann André 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current industrial revolution derives much of its momentum from value creation based on interconnected products and related data based services. Such products must fulfill both mechanical and electrical requirements, making them mechatronic systems. The production of such systems via additive manufacturing (AM) processes offers advantages in achievable complexity, reduction of the amount of individual components, and cost‐effective as well as sustaina ble production of small quantities. In this work, a process chain is presented that allows for refining additively manufactured 3D structures made from industry‐standard materials into mechatronic components by creating electrically conductive structures directly on their surfaces. The process chain is based on masking the component's surface and selectively removing the masking according to the circuit geometry using laser radiation. In a wet–chemical bath process, the surface is then exposed to palladium nuclei, the masking is fully removed and metal layers (copper/nickel/gold) are deposited by electroless plating. The procedure is developed using stereolithography as a model process for AM and transferred to four additional AM methods. In all cases, despite markedly different surface properties, good selectivity of metal deposition is observed as well as adhesion strength and conductivity comparable to industrially common injection‐molded laser direct structured mechatronic interconnect devices.
Tailored Micromagnet Sorting Gate for Simultaneous Multiple Cell Screening in Portable Magnetophoretic Cell‐On‐Chip Platforms
Authors: Yoon Jonghwan , Kang Yumin , Kim Hyeonseol , Ali Abbas , Kim Keonmok , Torati Sri Ramulu , Im Mi‐Young , Jeon Changyeop , Lim Byeonghwa , Kim CheolGi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConventional magnetophoresis techniques for manipulating biocarriers and cells predominantly rely on large‐scale electromagnetic systems, which is a major obstacle to the development of portable and miniaturized cell‐on‐chip platforms. Herein, a novel magnetic engineering approach by tailoring a nanoscale notch on a disk micromagnet using two‐step optical and thermal lithography is developed. Versatile manipulations are demonstrated, such as separation and trapping, of carriers and cells by mediating changes in the magnetic domain structure and discontinuous movement of magnetic energy wells around the circumferential edge of the micromagnet caused by a locally fabricated nano‐notch in a low magnetic field system. The motion of the magnetic energy well is regulated by the configuration of the nanoscale notch and the strength and frequency of the magnetic field, accompanying the jump motion of the carriers. The proposed concepts demonstrate that multiple carriers and cells can be manipulated and sorted using optimized nanoscale multi‐notch gates for a portable magnetophoretic system. This highlights the potential for developing cost‐effective point‐of‐care testing and lab‐on‐chip systems for various single‐cell‐level diagnoses and analyses.
Integrated Electrostimulation Cell Culture Systems Driven by Chemically Modified Twistron Mechanical Energy Harvesting Electrodes
Authors: Oh Seongjae , Kim Keon Jung , Kim Chae Hwa , Lee Jun Hyuk , Kim Hyunsoo , Kim Beomsu , Park Chae‐Lin , Oh Junho , Kim Eun Sung , Kim Hyun , Yeo Sang Young , Kim Doyong , Hu Xinghao , Choi Joonmyung , Suh Dongseok , Lim Seong Chu , Baughman Ray H. , Park Chan Hee , Kim Tae Hee , Kim Shi Hyeong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping mechanical energy harvesters for electrical stimulation (ES) needed to augment cell behavior is a burgeoning area of interest. Mechanical energy harvesters that can generate electrical energy in electrolyte‐containing aqueous environments offer a unique solution for delivering ES to cells. In this work, a fully integrated ES assembly (FESA) is introduced that comprises coiled polydopamine (PDA) containing carbon nanotube yarn (CNT) harvesters, serving as ES generators, and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) coated carbon nanotube (PEDOT/CNT) sheets employed as a conductive scaffold. The PDA containing CNT (PDA/CNT) yarn, a novel twistron electrode, achieves an enhanced electrical power at a lower matching impedance than coiled CNT yarn to efficiently transfer ES to the conductive scaffold. The PEDOT used for the scaffold provides a suitable surface for cell adhesion and low resistance for effective ES transmission. In addition, the upscaled array of coiled PDA/CNT yarns provides an ES current density range up to 75.4 µA cm−2, which is much higher than for ES systems using different mechanical energy harvesters. This FESA is designed to provide an optimal level of ES for the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. The findings illuminate the potential of chemically modified twistron energy harvesters as an innovative and effective strategy to promote biological response.
The Robust Ferroelectric and Electrical Response in 2D Bi2O2Se Semiconductor
Authors: Khan Usman , Xu Runzhang , Nairan Adeela , Han Mengjiao , Wang Xusheng , Kong Lingan , Gao Junkuo , Tang Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe amelioration of atomically thin ferroelectric materials is imperative for next‐generation outperformed two‐dimensional (2D) electronics, which is elusive by their bulk counterparts. These remarkable materials’ ferroelectric and piezoelectric features are the fundamental urges in optoelectronics, electronics, and energy harvesting. In this work, 2D ferroelectric Bi2O2Se flakes have been synthesized using a modified chemical vapor deposition technique. The 6 nm thick Bi2O2Se flake provides a robust ferroelectric switching under an applied voltage of ±10 V by piezoresponse force microscopy, further confirmed by first principles. Leveraging the successful growth, the high‐quality Bi2O2Se flakes permit the fabrication of a field‐effect transistor (FET) with state‐of‐the‐art performance. The FET device rewards a high current on–off ratio of 108 and field effect mobility of almost 131 cm2 V−1 s−1, owing to the small carrier effective mass of 0.2 m0. Combined, the electric field‐induced local polarization of ferroelectric switching and unprecedented device performance of Bi2O2Se semiconductors are certified for their utilization in advanced nanoelectronics and miniaturization of multifunctional devices with multifunctionalities.
Cation Vacancy Modulated Interfacial Electronic Interactions for Enhanced Electrocatalysis in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zheng Ruixin , Du Dayue , Yan Yu , Liu Sheng , Wang Xinxiang , Shu Chaozhu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLi–O2 batteries deliver ultrahigh theoretical specific energy while suffering from low energy efficiency and poor cyclability due to sluggish kinetics of oxygen electrode reactions. Herein, a strategy of engineering interfacial electron structure of MXene‐based composites is presented to boost oxygen electrode reactions for advancing Li–O2 batteries with the cation vacancy‐rich CoSe@MXene (VCo‐CoSe2@MXene) as the case study. The formation of interfacial Co─C bond between VCo‐CoSe2 and Ti3C2 MXene and its enhanced covalency after introducing Co vacancy leads to promoted electron transfer from Ti3C2 MXene to CoSe2 and optimized electronic structure of interfacial Co sites, especially the second Co sites neighboring Co vacancy, which serve as the active centers for oxygen redox reactions. On this basis, VCo‐CoSe2@MXene‐based Li─O2 batteries exhibit low overpotential (0.35 V) and excellent cycling stability (250 cycles at 500 mA g−1). This work proposes an effective strategy to develop MXene‐based electrocatalysts for Li–O2 batteries by tailoring interfacial electron structure.
Oxygen Atom Coordinative Position Inducing Catalytic Sites Structure Reconstruction for Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Pang Weiying , Du Xu , Yang Yuting , Long Chang , Li Yutong , Hu Canyu , Xu Ruohang , Tian Meng , Xie Jiaojiao , Wang Wenjing , Guo Jun , Li Baohui , Zhang Pan , Fu Dong , Zhao Kun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOxygen‐inducing controllable surface reconstruction on the transition metal‐based (TMB) materials surface has a great impact on catalytic performance. However, regulating the oxygen coordinative position during the active sites reconstructive process is challenging and poorly understood. Here, the metastable isomeric catalytic site is reasonably designed and fabricated for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Due to the controlled coordinative position of the oxygen atom, a new ternary catalytic site Co‐P(‐‐O) is created, improving the photocatalytic performance of H2 evolution toward 20.7 mmol g−1 in 6 h and 0.56% apparent quantum efficiency. The reconstruction method not only changes the electronic state around the catalytic site but also tunes the adsorption energy of the hydrogen atom. Compared with Co‐Co, Co‐P, Co‐O, and O‐Co‐P catalytic sites, the remarkable Co‐P(‐‐O) sites would drive the H‐atom connecting with the Co‐P bridge style achieving the best performance and excellent stability. Such a reconstructed catalytic site is also proved efficient in electrocatalysis and photo‐electrocatalysis systems. In conclusion, this work provides a new insight that the controllable isomeric catalytic site reconstruction strategy can dramatically enhance the catalytic performance.
Research Progress on Injectable Microspheres as New Strategies for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Through Promotion of Cartilage Repair
Authors: Lin Jianjing , Jia Shicheng , Cao Fuyang , Huang Jingtao , Chen Jiayou , Wang Juan , Liu Peng , Zeng Hui , Zhang Xintao , Cui Wenguo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease caused by a variety of factors with joint pain as the main symptom, including fibrosis, chapping, ulcers, and loss of cartilage. Traditional treatment can only delay the progression of OA, and classical delivery system have many side effects. In recent years, microspheres have shown great application prospects in the field of OA treatment. Microspheres can support cells, reproduce the natural tissue microenvironment in vitro and in vivo, and are an efficient delivery system for the release of drugs or biological agents, which can promote cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Thus, they have been widely used in cartilage repair and regeneration. In this review, preparation processes, basic materials, and functional characteristics of various microspheres commonly used in OA treatment are systematically reviewed. Then it is introduced surface modification strategies that can improve the biological properties of microspheres and discussed a series of applications of microsphere functionalized scaffolds in OA treatment. Finally, based on bibliometrics research, the research development, future potential, and possible research hotspots of microspheres in the field of OA therapy is systematically and dynamically evaluated. The comprehensive and systematic review will bring new understanding to the field of microsphere treatment of OA.
Degradable n‐Type Organic Semiconductors Based on Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction
Authors: Xu Yi , Xu Chenhui , Wang Cheng , Liu Yuqian , Wang Shiyu , Ji Deyang , Geng Dongling , Han Yang , Deng Yunfeng , Geng Yanhou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increasing amount of electronic exerts a profound impact on both the environment and human health. Looking forward, it is imperative to develop electronic products that can degrade under mind condition, which largely relies on the development of degradable organic semiconductors (OSCs). Yet, designing degradable OSCs with decent electrical properties is challenging. In this study, two degradable n‐type OSCs based on a dynamic covalent C═C bond formed via the Knoevenagel condensation reaction are reported. The cleavage of Knoevenagel formed C═C bond through a retro‐Knoevenagel process imparts the degradability of these two OSCs in the weak base, particularly in the human‐friendly α‐amino acid of lysine. Meanwhile, the C═C bond formed by Knoevenagel reaction preserves optimal backbone planarity and good electron delocalization of the molecules. This, in turn, endows the OSCs with commendable electron transport performance, achieving an electron mobility of up to 0.57 cm2 V⁻¹ s⁻¹ in organic thin‐film transistors. This work provides a new insight into the molecular design strategy for the development of OSCs with degradability and good electrical properties.
Efficient Lithium Transport and Reversible Lithium Plating in Silicon Anodes: Synergistic Design of Porous Structure and LiF‐Rich SEI for Fast Charging
Authors: Li Xin , Chen Zhiyu , Liu Xuewei , Guo Liewen , Li Ang , Chen Xiaohong , Song Huaihe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSilicon (Si) anodes hold great promise for enhancing the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, issues such as slow intrinsic kinetics and unstable interfaces caused by significant volume changes hinder the practical deployment of Si anodes. Fast charging is desired by Si‐related issues that worsen Li plating and dead Li, making it essential to overcome these for safe, reversible charging. Herein, a novel approach is proposed by combining structural design and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) modulation to enable efficient and safe fast charging of LIBs. 3D porous micro‐particles consisting of Si nanosheets coated with a pitch‐based carbon layer are successfully prepared. This design provides enhanced ion transport pathways while maintaining the material's intrinsic rate performance and tap density. Furthermore, the designed localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE) exhibits a lower Li+ desolvation energy barrier and leads to the formation of a LiF‐rich SEI, mitigating the Li plating “tip effect” during fast charging, maintaining interface stability, and demonstrating high Coulombic efficiency. Overall, this study highlights the synergistic importance of structure design and SEI regulation in enhancing LIB anodes for fast charging, aiding in developing superior, safe energy storage.
Development of Polymethine Dyes for NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Jieyan , Roy Shubham , Ullah Zia , Gu Jingsi , Huang Haiyan , Yu Chen , Wang Xuejin , Wang Han , Zhang Yinghe , Guo Bing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) is burgeoning because of its higher imaging fidelity in monitoring physiological and pathological processes than clinical visible/the second near‐infrared window fluorescence imaging. Notably, the imaging fidelity is heavily dependent on fluorescence agents. So far, indocyanine green, one of the polymethine dyes, with good biocompatibility and renal clearance is the only dye approved by the Food and Drug Administration, but it shows relatively low NIR‐II brightness. Importantly, tremendous efforts are devoted to synthesizing polymethine dyes for imaging preclinically and clinically. They have shown feasibility in the customization of structure and properties to fulfill various needs in imaging and therapy. Herein, a timely update on NIR‐II polymethine dyes, with a special focus on molecular design strategies for fluorescent, photoacoustic, and multimodal imaging, is offered. Furthermore, the progress of polymethine dyes in sensing pathological biomarkers and even reporting drug release is illustrated. Moreover, the NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided therapies with polymethine dyes are summarized regarding chemo‐, photothermal, photodynamic, and multimodal approaches. In addition, artificial intelligence is pointed out for its potential to expedite dye development. This comprehensive review will inspire interest among a wide audience and offer a handbook for people with an interest in NIR‐II polymethine dyes.