bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parenthood after cancer—a population‐based study
Authors: Syse Astri , Kravdal Øystein , Tretli Steinar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany cancer forms today have good prognosis, and parenthood after cancer diagnosis and treatment has become a central research topic. Previous research has mainly focused on reproductive cancers, and few population‐based studies exist.The effect of several cancer forms on fertility at a population level was explored. Discrete‐time hazard regression models were used to analyse register and census data for complete Norwegian birth cohorts. Men and women 17–44 years in the period 1965–2001 were included. Models for first‐ and higher‐order birth rates, for men and women, were estimated.Overall, first‐birth rates among persons with cancer were reduced by only about 25% when compared with the general population. Male cancer survivors' second‐ and third‐birth rates were similarly reduced, whereas higher‐order birth rates for females were 36% below those of the general population. Significant decreases in cancer survivors' fertility disadvantage relative to the general population were seen from 1965 to 2001.Reductions in fertility were most pronounced for reproductive cancer forms, presumably related to subfecundity. However, also cancer forms unrelated to reproductive function led to reduced fertility, perhaps suggesting underlying social mechanisms. This is further supported by the difference in probability between first and subsequent births observed for women. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geomorphic impact of spring avalanches in Northwest Spitsbergen (79° N)
Authors: André Marie‐Françoise 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing persistent snow cover as a debris trap enables isolation of snow avalanching from the combination of processes involved in debris transfer. In glacial cirques of Spitsbergen, accretion rates recorded in sample squares generally ranged from 0.04 mm/yr to 8.13 mm/yr, with extreme values close to 40 mm. Field observations carried out between 1982 and 1986 suggest that differences in erosional effects of spring avalanches primarily depend on morphostructural factors. For instance, rates of denudation presented here imply that the geomorphic impact of snow avalanching is at least twenty times higher on dissected mica schist walls than on steep and smooth gneissic walls. Moreover, it is noticeable that the average accretion rate of 0.3 mm/yr is roughly the same for pellicular avalanches studied in this paper and for major slush avalanches observed in Central Spitsbergen. However, if numerical values are similar, morphogenic effects are very different. While annual snow avalanches only rearrange debris by scraping scree slopes, episodic slush avalanches form long‐lasting boulder tongues.
Alpine debris flows and their sedimentary properties. A case study from the French Alps
Authors: Nieuwenhuijzen M. E. , van Steijn H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDebris‐flow tracks are present at many sites within the French Alps. The vertical zonation (mainly between 1700 m and 2800 m altitude) of these medium‐scale debris flows means that they are active within a mild periglacial environment, where the flows are triggered by high‐intensity summer rainstorms.The present paper describes the grain‐size distribution, particle shape and fabric of some recent to fresh (1 day old) flow deposits. It was found that characteristic differences exist between the different parts of the levees and the terminal lobes. An interpretation of these phenomena is given with regard to processes involved in their origin.It is concluded that the coarse openwork external parts of the debris‐flow levees are formed during the passage of the flow surge(s), and that the matrix‐rich, coarsening upward, channel‐side parts of the levees, as well as the terminal lobes, mainly consist of material transported in the waning phases of the surges.The existence of these sedimentologically different zones within thedeposits of a debris flow that are related to flow morphology has consequences for the recognition of debris‐flow sediments within fossilized deposits. A correct interpretation is only possible if sections allow a sufficiently detailed analysis.
Development of thermokarst lakes during the holocene at sites near Mayo, Yukon territory
Authors: Burn C. R. , Smith M. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe origin and growth of numerous thermokarst lakes near Mayo, central Yukon, has been examined, using ground surveys, aerial photographs and dendrochronology. Many of the lakes are currently expanding, at rates of axial increment up to 1.2 m/yr. Three lakes, whose axes are currently enlarging at about 1.0 m/yr, were studied in particular detail: tree‐ring analysis indicates that these lakes formed by the middle to the late part of the last century. The talik profile was determined beneath one lake, and is consistent with the Stefan solution for thawing of ice‐rich soil with such an initiation date and rate of expansion. Organic‐rich horizons containing logs, vegetative detritus and fresh‐water ostracods have been exposed in two retrogressive thaw slumps near the lakes. These horizons have been interpreted as the bottoms of former thermokarst lakes. Radiocarbon dates of approximately 8500 BP, 3900 BP and 2300 BP have been obtained, indicating several periods of thermokarst activity during the Holocene. The results suggest that thermokarst lake development is not solely associated with changing climatic conditions in this region, since the current lakes and those that formed around 2300 BP do not appear to be directly linked to climatic warming. It is suggested that the most recent initiation of thermokarst activity is related to the effects of forest fires.
Soil and rock temperatures in discontinuous permafrost: Gornergrat and unterrothorn, wallis, swiss alps
Authors: King Lorenz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe areas studied display a rich periglacial geomorphology. The effects of seasonal and perennial ground frost are visible in the form of widespread solifluction phenomena, patterned ground and numerous rock glaciers. Soil and rock temperatures have been recorded, and permafrost distribution has been partly checked in selected areas with measurements of the basal snow temperature, and using geoelectrical and hammer seismic soundings.Permafrost is widespread on northerly exposed slopes, with a thickness of several decametres at 3100m a.s.1. Below 2800 m a.s.1. patchy permafrost occurs. A model for vertical permafrost distribution is presented and an altitude of 3500 m a.s.1. is suggested for the lower limit of continuous permafrost.As a result of aspect, soil and rock temperature fluctuations are different on northern and southern slopes. This induces differences in vegetation cover, debris production and geomorphological processes.
Cryogenic physico‐chemical precipitations: Iron, silica, calcium carbonate
Authors: Vogt Thea 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn Quaternary and present‐day alluvial deposits, secondary mineral accumulations are common. Previous theoretical and experimental studies have shown the occurrence of frost‐related iron and calcium carbonate precipitations. Microscopic and ultramicroscopic observations of alluvial materials from Quaternary cold periods allow the recognition of diagnostic features of cryogenic calcite crystallizations. Some iron and silica concentrations also suggest frost control, although further laboratory experiments are needed to obtain a satisfactory understanding of the mechanisms concerning these precipitations.Nevertheless, it can be suggested that the migration of minerals under frost action is probably more important than previously taken into account.
Secondary sorting of sorted patterned ground
Authors: Warburton Jeff 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe arrangement of small sorted patterns within the central fine domain of a larger sorted circle (herein called 'secondary sorting') was observed at two patterned ground sites: Arikaree Cirque, Colorado Front Range, USA, and Kapp Linné, Western Spitzbergen. Large polygons do not appear to be randomly filled by smaller ones of all sizes. The size of the inset polygons seems to be related to the dimensions of the larger form. Preliminary field survey suggests that large forms are filled by smaller polygon sizes in a width ratio of approximately 1:2.5‐3. Subdivision of the fine centres occurs in 77% of the sorted polygons at the Colorado site (n = 100) but only 42% of patterns at Kapp Linné (n = 31). Possible explanations of the scaling of the secondary polygons include pore water and/or soil convection and desiccation cracking. Desiccation crack systems simulated in a laboratory experiment are similar to those observed in the field.
Quaternary fan and river terrace deposits, glen orchy, East Cape Drakensberg, South Africa
Authors: Lewis Colin A. , Hanvey Patricia M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe processes responsible for the formation of fans and river terraces is deduced from sedimentological evidence. The older fans are a result of solifluction and may have formed between 24000 and ± 12000 yearsBP. A younger fan is predominantly composed of colluvium and accumulated in at least three phases, the most recent of which post‐dates ± 2440 yearsBP. The lower of the two solifluction fans has been partially reworked by fluvial action: some of the eroded debris has been redeposited and now forms a river terrace.
Global solar radiation, soil temperature and permafrost in the Central Andes, Argentina: A progress report
Authors: Schrott Lothar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring various expeditions to the High Andes of Argentina at latitudes 30º and 33º south, extensive geomorphological investigations have been carried out. The subtropical semiarid climate is characterized by intense global radiation with peaks of more than 1400 W/m2 and daily sums of >39 MJ/m2. The daily amplitudes of the soil temperatures (≤25 cm depth) correlate with incoming radiation. Diurnal ranges of soil surface temperature (1 cm) usually exceed 45ºC, with maximum values of 55ºC at 4150 m a.s.l. Active rock glaciers exist above 4000 m a.s.l. and the thickness of the active layer varies from 1.4 to 2.5 m between 4000 and 4700 m a.s.l. Periglacial features (rock glaciers, thermokarst, gelifluction, etc.) are widespread. They are used as edaphic indicators for the lower limit of discontinuous permafrost, which is thought to be at an elevation of 4000 ± 200 m a.s.l.
Chronostratigraphic correlations of cryogenic and glacigenic episodes in central andes with patagonia
Authors: Corte Arturo E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe stratigraphy of cryogenic and glacigenic episodes recorded in Central Andes at latitude 33º south is compared with the magnetostratigraphy of five (I‐V) main Patagonian glaciations. Most of the Central Andes cold episodes are relatively dated. A much older event (≈ 2.3 × 106 years BP) is needed to explain the oldest and largest Central Andes glaciation, the sediments of which are tectonically deformed. This is the beginning of climatic change in the Central Andes. Ice‐wedge casts in till formed 3.5 × 106 years BP in southern Patagonia are related to an even older cold episode.
Absence of frost sorting at an experimental site, green lakes valley, colorado front range, usa
Authors: Warburton Jeff 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA field experiment at 3,350 m.a.s.l. in the Colorado Alpine was initiated in 1959, to investigate frost sorting. Four plots, of varying grain‐size composition, were used to test whether sorting by freeze‐thaw activity could be related to the percentage of soil particles finer than 0.074 mm and whether there was a characteristic grain size at which lateral and/or vertical sorting could be expected. Re‐examination of the site in 1984 indicated that macrofabrics, microfabrics, soil physical properties and surface clast distributions showed no evidence of large‐scale sorting. Critical conditions for the onset of pore water convection, as a mechanism for the initiation of sorting, could occur in only two of the test soils (A and B), and permeability in the third (C) was too low to allow instability. Soil convection is also unlikely, owing to the coarse, freely drained nature of the test soils.
Alpine permafrost temperature zonality, northern trans‐Baikal region, U.S.S.R.
Authors: Romanovskiy N. N. , Zaitsev V. N. , Volchenkov S. Yu. , Zagryazkin D. D. , Sergeyev D. O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChanges of mean annual ground temperature at the depth of zero annual amplitude (tan) with elevation is well known for regions of high latitude and alpine permafrost. However, this phenomenon is not sufficiently studied in the intracontinental regions of Siberia. The authors analyse the altitudinal zonality of mean annual ground temperatures (tan) in the Udokan Ridge, Northern Trans‐Baikal. Measurements were obtained from 321 boreholes situated on different relief elements with altitudes ranging from 830 m a.s.l. to 2170 m a.s.l. A mean integral temperature (t*an), as well as the range of tan variations, was determined for every 200 m altitudinal interval. The results of large‐scale geocryological mapping were used to determine t*an, which allowed one to consider the spatial distribution of landscape types characteristic of certain tan values. It is established that with increasing altitude, t*an values uniformly decrease with a gradient of ‐0.3 °C/100 m. The difference in tan between ‘cold’ and ‘warm’ landscapes changes from 2°C to 5°C for the altitudinal intervals.
Rock moisture data from the juneau icefield (alaska) and its significance for mechanical weathering studies
Authors: Hall Kevin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInformation was obtained regarding rock moisture content from nunataks along a west to east transect across the Juneau Icefield in Alaska. The data, together with rock temperatures and general climatic information, were collected for east‐, west‐, north‐ and south‐facing samples. For one day data were collected every hour. The resulting information indicates the spatial and temporal variability that can exist over both short distances and short time‐spans. It is suggested that this variability can have important repercussions with respect to weathering processes. The number of wetting and drying cycles monitored greatly depends upon the level of sample saturation that is considered significant. Available information suggests that wetting and drying can be operating at more than one level within the rock and that this will result in different weathering products. Wetting and drying may be more important than has been previously thought, both in terms of a weathering agent in its own right and as one that interacts with other processes, thereby speeding up their effect upon the rock.
The contribution of W. R. B. battle to mechanical weathering studies
Authors: Brian Whalley W. , McGreevy J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractW. R. B. Battle had started to make important contributions to the study of the mechanical weathering of rock in relation to the 'bergschrund hypothesis' of corrie erosion when he died. As well as temperature observations in bergschrunds, he made measurements on the reduction in strength (as Young's Modulus) for beams of rock in the laboratory. A summary of his work is given, together with the graph which was used to suggest a critical rate of cooling of 0.1 ºC/min for porous rocks.
Micro‐relief on a rock glacier, Dalton range, Yukon, Canada
Authors: Johnson P. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe micro‐relief on the surface of a rock glacier in the Dalton Range of the southwest Yukon provides evidence of processes occurring during and after development of the rock glacier. Ridges, mounds and flow lobes are interpreted as indicators of either the continuing deformation or reactivation of an ice‐core, solifluction of the surface deposits or changes in the internal hydrological system of the rock glacier. A glacial rather than periglacial origin for the ice core is preferred.
Distribution of mountain permafrost and climate
Authors: Guodong Cheng , Dramis Francesco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between mountain permafrost and climate is still relatively unknown. The implications of zonation (latitude, continentality), the various climatic parameters (MAAT; freezing and thawing indices; basal snow temperature, BTS; solar radiation; and surface heat balance) and climate change are outlined for mountain permafrost. Some research priorities are suggested.
Monitoring of periglacial phenomena in the furggentälti Swiss Alps
Authors: Krummenacher Bernhard , Budmiger Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA monitoring system for periglacial phenomena has been installed in the Furggentälti (Gemmi) Swiss Alps in the framework of geomorphological field studies aimed at the instruction of students. Various periglacial landforms and processes can be observed in an area of about 1 km2. The research layout includes a survey station for soil and air temperatures, a geodetic surveying triangulation network of a solifluction lobe, and photogrammetric analysis of the soil frost pattern dynamics (stone rings) and a small rock glacier. Geophysical explorations (geoelectric and seismic refraction) and BTS measurements are undertaken on the rock glacier; these measurements have ascertained the presence of permafrost. The temperature survey station records values at levels between 1 m beneath the surface and 1.5 m above the surface; this allows correlation between displacement values of the solifluction lobe and the soil temperatures.
Creep of alpine permafrost, investigated on the murtel rock glacier
Authors: Wagner Stephan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBorehole and surface deformation measurements from an active rock glacier in the eastern Swiss Alps are presented and analysed. Borehole deformation was measured by slope indicator and magnetic rings. Analysis of these measurements reveal two layers which behave quite differently. The upper, highly supersaturated (i.e. ice) layer undergoes steady‐state creep (corresponds to a surface velocity of 5.5 to 6.0 cm/yr), overriding a non‐deforming lower layer of saturated (structured) permafrost. Seventy‐five per cent of the deformation takes place in a weak transitional zone, in the middle of the permafrost. Geodetic surveying shows, in contrast to the borehole measurements, a velocity variation in time by a factor of two. A constitutive law (Glen's flow law) was applied and the viscosity ratio between the upper ice layer and the weak transition zone was determined.
Observations on the rock glaciers of Monte Emilius (valle d'Aosta, Italy)
Authors: Smiraglia Claudio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonte Emilius (3559 m a.s.l.) is a small mountain massif situated on the southern slope of Valle d'Aosta (Italy). Twenty‐six rock glaciers have been identified by use of aerial photographs. They are classified on the basis of their activity and subdivided into valley‐wall forms, cirque‐floor forms and valley‐floor forms. The mean altitude of the fronts of the active rock glaciers is 2849 m a.s.l., whereas that of the inactive rock glaciers is 2453 m a.s.l. Utilizing data from six meterological stations in Valle d'Aosta, the large‐scale climatological boundary conditions at the lower limits of the active rock glaciers were defined by calculating the thermal gradient (0.58 °C/100 m) and total annual precipitation. The MAAT at the mean altitude of the active rock glaciers fronts proved to be −2.1 °C. This altitude should represent therefore the lower boundary of discontinuous permafrost.
10 year surficial velocities on a rock glacier (Laurichard, French Alps)
Authors: Francou Bernard , Reynaud Louis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA survey of painted lines on the top and frontal zone of a talus rock glacier allows one to present a longitudinal profile of the surficial velocity distribution. Measurements were taken over a 8–12 year period at regular intervals and the results now provide information on the variability of displacements. In the upper zone a recent slowing of movement coincides with negative mass balance of local glaciers. Discussion focuses on the variations in velocity of the rock glaciers over the short time‐scale.
Rock glaciers in Svalbard and Norway
Authors: Sollid Johan Ludvig , Sørbel Leif 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRock glaciers made by talus creep are common landforms in Svalbard. This area has continuous permafrost with thicknesses varying from about 150 m to 500 m. Most rock glaciers are located in coastal areas at altitudes just above sea level, often situated below the escarpment which delimits the inner part of the strandflat. Most rock glaciers are active (at one rock glacier, annual movement rates of 3–10 cm were measured), but inactive rock glaciers with no movement in their frontal parts also exist in many areas. Their stagnation is due to topography and not to climate.In Norway relic rock glaciers are found in coastal areas in the northern part of the country. Together with other relic permafrost features such as tundra polygons and ice‐cored moraines, the distribution of relic rock glaciers indicates that coastal areas in northern Norway had continuous permafrost during the Younger Dryas and earlier phases of the deglaciation.
Permafrost environment of the Daisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Sone Toshio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of permafrost in the Daisetsu Mountains is discussed on the basis of freezing and thawing indices and the pattern of winter snow distribution. Mean annual air temperature at an altitude of 2000 m a.s.l. is estimated to be −3.6 °C in normal years. Alpine permafrost is distributed mainly on windward bare ground. The windward bare ground extends to summit areas, where most snow is removed from the ground surface by strong prevailing wind. The lower limit of permafrost is considered to be about 1650 m a.s.l. Some active periglacial processes, such as palsa formation and frost cracking, are explained by the present climate of the Daisetsu Mountains.
A note on ground thermal regimes and global solar radiation at 4720 m a.s.l., High Andes of Argentina
Authors: Happoldt Hans , Schrott Lothar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe near‐surface ground thermal regime at 4720 m a.s.l. is described and assessed in terms of its daily and annual fluctuations (frost cycles, freezing and thawing depths, etc.). Correlation between solar radiation and soil temperature in the uppermost parts of the soil is caused by intense radiation (mean annual value of 22.3 MJ m−2 d−1). Surface soil temperatures show an enormous amplitude (>50 °C in a depth of O.1 m) and frost cycles occur almost throughout the year. The seasonally frozen ground extends to only 1.5 m in depth.
Perennial névés and the hydrology of rock glaciers
Authors: Tenthorey Geneviève 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom 1986 to 1990 water tracing was carried out in three rock glaciers in the Upper Val de Réchy. Results indicate different patterns of circulation depending on the size and degree of activity of the rock glaciers. Two rock glaciers show rapid superficial flow and one has slow interstitial flow. This is analogous to supra‐ and subglacial flow. Intra‐flow is also seen in one rock glacier. The importance of perennial névés at the roots of rock glaciers is demonstrated. Meltwater supplies the risings and, by refreezing, probably also increases the ice mass of the rock glaciers.
Southern limit of relict rock glaciers, Central Apennines, Italy
Authors: Dramis Francesco , Kotarba Adam 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRelict rock glaciers have been identified in the Maiella Mountain massif, Central Apennines (42° N). They are located at elevations of 2500–2300 m a.s.l. and probably mark the uppermost and southernmost limit of Pleistocene discontinuous alpine permafrost in the Apennine peninsula.