bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of magnetic resonance imaging‐detected cranial nerve involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Liu Lizhi , Liang Shaobo , Li Li , Mao Yanping , Tang Linglong , Tian Li , Liao Xinbiao , Cui Chunyan , Lin Aihua , Ma Jun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐detected cranial nerve (CN) involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).METHODS:Retrospective analysis was made of the magnetic resonance images and medical records of 924 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed NPC.RESULTS:Of 924 patients, 82 (8.9%) initially presented with CN palsy. CN involvement was seen on MRI in 333 (36%) patients. In T3‐4 disease, MRI‐evidenced CN involvement was associated with poor 3‐year overall survival (OS) (35.7% vs 89.2%,P= .001) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) (77.1% vs 87.8%,P= .002) rates. The survival curves of OS and DMFS for T3 disease with MRI‐detected CN involvement approximated those of T4 disease (P= .322 andP= .809, respectively). In patients with MRI‐detected CN involvement, no significant differences were observed in 3‐year OS (78.3% vs 72.9%,P= .120), local relapse‐free survival (LRFS) (89.7% vs 84.1%,P= .154), or DMFS (79.6% vs 74.8%,P= .466) rates between those with and without intracranial or orbital CN involvement. Furthermore, in patients with clinical and/or MRI‐detected CN involvement, there were no significant differences in the 3‐year OS (74.2% vs 80.1%,P= .067), LRFS (86.7% vs 87.9%,P= .899), or DMFS (74.6% vs 84.6%,P= .094) rates between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of MRI‐detected CN involvement was higher than CN palsy. MRI‐detected CN involvement has a negative impact on the prognosis independent of lesion localization and symptoms. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Efficacy and safety of liposomal cytarabine in lymphoma patients with central nervous system involvement from lymphoma
Authors: Garcia‐Marco Jose A. , Panizo Carlos , Garcia Eva Sanchez , Deben Guillermo , Alvarez‐Larran Alberto , Barca Eva Gonzalez , Sancho Juan Manuel , Penarrubia Maria Jesus , Garcia‐Cerecedo Tomas , García‐Vela Jose A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Standard intrathecal chemotherapy for lymphomatous meningitis (LM) is limited by the short cerebrospinal half‐lives of the agents used, necessitating frequent administration. Liposomal cytarabine (DepoCyte) has an extended half‐life that permits administration at 2‐ to 4‐weekly intervals.METHODS:Patients with LM who underwent treatment with liposomal cytarabine at treatment centers in Spain between 2004 and 2007 were identified. Data on demographics, treatment, and outcomes were extracted from medical notes and entered, retrospectively, into a database for analysis.RESULTS:Data on 55 patients with lymphoma (mainly stage IV) and LM were entered into the database. Most patients (n = 36) had diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. The median number of cycles of liposomal cytarabine received was 4 (range, 1‐10), and the median follow‐up period was 124 days. Complete and partial neurologic responses were achieved in 27 and 12 patients, respectively (overall response rate, 72%), all of whom also showed a cytological response, except for 5 with initially negative cytology. Median time to neurologic progression among responders was 105.5 days. Liposomal cytarabine was generally well tolerated; headache was the most commonly reported adverse effect (n = 17).CONCLUSIONS:Liposomal cytarabine is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of LM, and should be considered as an agent of choice for the treatment of this complication. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Supportive versus palliative care: What's in a name?
Authors: Fadul Nada , Elsayem Ahmed , Palmer J. Lynn , Del Fabbro Egidio , Swint Kay , Li Zhijun , Poulter Valerie , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Palliative care has been progressively adopted by American cancer centers; however, referrals to palliative care continue to occur late in the trajectory of illness. It was hypothesized that the perceived association between the name palliative care and hospice was a barrier to early patients' referral. The objectives of this study were to determine the perception of the impact of the name palliative care compared with supportive care on patient referral and to determine whether there was an association between demographic factors and the perceptions of the 2 names by medical oncologists and their midlevel providers (advance practice nurses and physician assistants) at a comprehensive cancer center.METHODS:A survey was conducted among a random sample of 100 medical oncologists and 100 midlevel providers from The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Information was collected on demographics, previous experience in palliative care, and attitudes and beliefs toward the impact of the name palliative care compared with supportive care on patient referral.RESULTS:A total of 140 of 200 (70%) participants responded (74 midlevel providers and 66 medical oncologists). Median age was 43 years (range, 34.5‐50 years), and there were 83 (60%) women. Midlevel providers and medical oncologists generally agreed in their responses to most of the items. More participants preferred the name supportive care (80, 57%) compared with palliative care (27, 19% P < .0001). Medical oncologists and midlevel providers stated increased likelihood to refer patients on active primary (79 vs 45%, P < .0001) and advanced cancer (89 vs 69%, P < .0001) treatments to a service named supportive care. The name palliative care compared with supportive care was perceived more frequently by medical oncologists and midlevel providers as a barrier to referral (23 vs 6% P < .0001), decreasing hope (44 vs 11% P < .0001), and causing distress (33 vs 3% P < .0001) in patients and families. There were no significant associations among the perception of the 2 names and age (P = .82), sex (P = .35), or prior training in palliative care (P > .99).CONCLUSIONS:The name palliative care was perceived by medical oncologists and midlevel providers as more distressing and reducing hope to patients and families. Medical oncologists and midlevel providers significantly prefer the name supportive care and stated more likelihood to refer patients on active primary and advanced cancer treatments to a service named supportive care. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Colorectal cancer incidence in the United States, 1999‐2004
Authors: Rim Sun Hee , Seeff Laura , Ahmed Faruque , King Jessica B. , Coughlin Steven S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:By using recent national cancer surveillance data, the authors investigated colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence by subpopulation to inform the discussion of demographic‐based CRC guidelines.METHODS:Data included CRC incidence (1999‐2004) from the combined National Program of Cancer Registries and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program databases. Incidence rates (age‐specific and age‐adjusted to the 2000 US standard population) were reported among individuals ages 40 to 44 years, 45 to 49 years, 50 to 64 years, and ≥65 years by sex, subsite, disease stage, race, and ethnicity. Rate ratios (RR) and rate differences (RD) were calculated to compare CRC rates in different subpopulations.RESULTS:Incidence rates were greater among men compared with women and among blacks compared with whites and other races. Incidence rates among Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs), American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), and Hispanics consistently were lower than among whites and non‐Hispanics. Sex disparities were greatest in the population aged ≥65 years, whereas racial disparities were more pronounced in the population aged <65 years. Although the RD between blacks and whites diminished at older ages, the RD between APIs and whites, between AI/ANs and whites, and between non‐Hispanics and Hispanics increased with increasing age. By subsite, blacks had the highest incidence rates compared with whites and other races in the proximal and distal colon; the reverse was true in the rectum. By stage, whites had higher incidence rates than blacks and other races for localized and regional disease; for distant and unstaged disease, blacks had higher incidence rates than whites.CONCLUSIONS:The current findings suggested differences that can be considered in formulating targeted screening and other public health strategies to reduce disparities in CRC incidence in the United States. Cancer 2009. Published 2009 by the American Cancer Society.
A woman's heart
Authors: Ewer Michael S. , Glück Stefan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAdjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer may contribute to the expression of underlying cardiovascular disease or expose the heart to additional toxicities. Tamoxifen remains an important component of endocrine therapy for breast cancer, although major clinical trials of the aromatase inhibitors (AIs) anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane suggest that these agents are more effective and better tolerated alternatives to tamoxifen. The AIs inhibit the conversion of androgens to estrogen in postmenopausal women; consequently, their mechanism of action differs from that of tamoxifen. Accordingly, although it has been observed that tamoxifen has some favorable effects on cardiovascular risk, such as reducing total cholesterol levels, because of its partial estrogen‐agonist properties, no such effects exist for the AIs. Some studies, particularly those that compare the AIs with tamoxifen, have suggested a less favorable impact of adjuvant AI therapy on cardiovascular risk. Comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular disease, emerge as competing causes of death as women with breast cancer continue to live longer, and the potential impact of adjuvant therapies on cardiovascular risk becomes an increasingly important consideration for clinicians. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Pseudocyst of the pancreas
Authors: Gonzalez Obeso Elvira , Murphy Erin , Brugge William , Deshpande Vikram 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Currently, the preoperative diagnosis of a pancreatic cyst is based on clinical and imaging findings, frequently in conjunction with chemical analysis of cyst fluid and cytologic evaluation. The purpose of these diagnostic tests is to distinguish benign from malignant cysts of the pancreas. Accordingly, it is imperative to distinguish pancreatic pseudocysts from their mimics. In this study, the authors explored the cytomorphologic features of pseudocyst of the pancreas and evaluated the role of Alcian blue and mucicarmine stains in the cytologic evaluation of pancreatic cysts.METHODS:Forty‐two patients were identified who had an eventual diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst and had an endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspirate available. Clinical and imaging findings and chemical analyses of cyst fluid were recorded. The cytologic preparations were evaluated for gastrointestinal contamination, inflammatory cells, mucin, and pigmented material. The cytomorphologic features of 110 neoplastic mucinous cysts (intraductal papillary‐mucinous neoplasms/mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas) were evaluated and compared with the pseudocysts.RESULTS:The majority of patients (95%) had a prior episode of pancreatitis. On imaging, the pseudocysts were unilocular (92%). In 69% of cases, the endosonographic diagnosis was that of a pseudocyst. The mean carcinoembryonic antigen level was 41 ng/mL. In contrast, the cytopathologist rendered a definitive diagnosis of pseudocyst in only 10% of cases. The majority of smears (75%) revealed neutrophils and/or histiocytes. Atypical epithelial clusters were identified in 3 cases, 1 of which was diagnosed as suspicious for carcinoma. Yellow pigmented material, which was identified in 13 pseudocysts (31%), was not observed in neoplastic mucinous cysts. Alcian blue‐ and mucicarmine‐positive material was identified in 64% and 40% of pseudocysts, respectively, and in 57% and 38% of neoplastic mucinous cysts, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The diagnosis of a pseudocyst depended primarily on clinical and imaging findings and on chemical analysis of cyst fluid. The cytologic features frequently were nonspecific. The presence of yellow pigmented material served as a surrogate marker of a pseudocyst. Special stains for mucin did not distinguish pseudocysts from neoplastic mucinous cysts. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Breast fine‐needle aspiration samples reported as “proliferative breast lesion”: Clinical utility of the subcategory “proliferative breast lesion with atypia”
Authors: Zhao Chengquan , Raza Anwar , Martin Sue E. , Pan Jiangqiu , Greaves Timothy S. , Cobb Camilla J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of proliferative breast lesion is an indeterminate category. The aim of this correlative study was to determine whether a subcategory of “proliferative breast lesion with atypia” was achievable and whether this subcategory has management utility.METHODS:Breast FNA cases from 2000 through 2005 diagnosed as proliferative breast lesion and proliferative breast lesion with atypia were retrieved. Both cytologic and surgical slides of these cases were reviewed blindly. A cytologic diagnosis of proliferative breast lesion (without atypia) or proliferative breast lesion with atypia was used if the findings of the proliferative breast lesion did not fit a more specific category.RESULTS:Of the 3934 breast FNAs performed on palpable breast masses from January 2000 to December 2005 at the LAC + USC Medical Center, 317 (8.1%) were diagnosed cytologically as proliferative breast lesion with atypia, without atypia or without mention of atypia. There was subsequent histopathology on 201 of these cases. After the cytologic smears were reviewed, 29 cases were excluded from this study. Of the 172 remaining cases, 21 (12.2%) were found to be malignant and the remaining 151 (87.8%) were found to be benign on histology. Of the malignant cases, 90% had an FNA diagnosis of proliferative breast lesion with atypia; of the benign cases, 78% were interpreted as proliferative breast lesion without atypia.CONCLUSIONS:Proliferative breast lesion with atypia was clinically significant because it was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of malignancy compared with proliferative breast lesion without atypia. Most of the malignancies had hypocellularity or low nuclear grade on the FNA smears. Fibroadenoma accounted for most of the benign lesions in both proliferative breast lesion and proliferative breast lesion with atypia. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A map of octopaminergic neurons in the Drosophila brain
Authors: Busch Sebastian , Selcho Mareike , Ito Kei , Tanimoto Hiromu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe biogenic amine octopamine modulates diverse behaviors in invertebrates. At the single neuron level, the mode of action is well understood in the peripheral nervous system owing to its simple structure and accessibility. For elucidating the role of individual octopaminergic neurons in the modulation of complex behaviors, a detailed analysis of the connectivity in the central nervous system is required. Here we present a comprehensive anatomical map of candidate octopaminergic neurons in the adult Drosophila brain: including the supra‐ and subesophageal ganglia. Application of the Flp‐out technique enabled visualization of 27 types of individual octopaminergic neurons. Based on their morphology and distribution of genetic markers, we found that most octopaminergic neurons project to multiple brain structures with a clear separation of dendritic and presynaptic regions. Whereas their major dendrites are confined to specific brain regions, each cell type targets different, yet defined, neuropils distributed throughout the central nervous system. This would allow them to constitute combinatorial modules assigned to the modulation of distinct neuronal processes. The map may provide an anatomical framework for the functional constitution of the octopaminergic system. It also serves as a model for the single‐cell organization of a particular neurotransmitter in the brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:643–667, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital area V6Ad of the macaque monkey
Authors: Gamberini Michela , Passarelli Lauretta , Fattori Patrizia , Zucchelli Mino , Bakola Sophia , Luppino Giuseppe , Galletti Claudio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractArea V6A, a functionally defined region in the anterior bank of the parietooccipital sulcus, has been subdivided into dorsal and ventral cytoarchitectonic fields (V6Ad and V6Av). The aim of this study was to define the cortical connections of the cytoarchitectonic field V6Ad. Retrograde and bidirectional neuronal tracers were injected into the dorsal part of the anterior bank of parietooccipital sulcus of seven macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The limits of injection sites were compared with those of cytoarchitectonic fields. The major connections of V6Ad were with areas of the superior parietal lobule. The densest labeling was observed in the medial intraparietal area (MIP). Areas PEc, PGm, and V6Av were also strongly connected. Labeled cells were found in medial parietal area 31; in cingulate area 23; in the anterior (AIP), ventral (VIP), and lateral (LIP) intraparietal areas; in the inferior parietal lobule (fields Opt and PG); and in the medial superior temporal area (MST). In the frontal lobe, the main projection originated from F2, although labeled cells were also found in F7 and area 46. Preliminary results obtained from injections in nearby areas PEc and V6Av revealed connections different from those of V6Ad. In agreement with functional data, the strong connections with areas where arm‐reaching activity is represented suggest that V6Ad is part of a parietofrontal circuit involved in the control of prehension, and connections with AIP specifically support an involvement in the control of grasping. Connections with areas LIP and Opt are likely related to the oculomotor activities observed in V6Ad. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:622–642, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Color processing in the medulla of the bumblebee (apidae: Bombus impatiens)
Authors: Paulk Angelique C. , Dacks Andrew M. , Gronenberg Wulfila 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe mechanisms of processing a visual scene involve segregating features (such as color) into separate information channels at different stages within the brain, processing these features, and then integrating this information at higher levels in the brain. To examine how this process takes place in the insect brain, we focused on the medulla, an area within the optic lobe through which all of the visual information from the retina must pass before it proceeds to central brain areas. We used histological and immunocytochemical techniques to examine the bumblebee medulla and found that the medulla is divided into eight layers. We then recorded and morphologically identified 27 neurons with processes in the medulla. During our recordings we presented color cues to determine whether response types correlated with locations of the neural branching patterns of the filled neurons among the medulla layers. Neurons in the outer medulla layers had less complex color responses compared to neurons in the inner medulla layers and there were differences in the temporal dynamics of the responses among the layers. Progressing from the outer to the inner medulla, neurons in the different layers appear to process increasingly complex aspects of the natural visual scene. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:441–456, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SQORE: an ontology retrieval framework for the next generation Web
Authors: Ungrangsi R. , Anutariya C. , Wuwongse V. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn order to resolve semantic issues in the Semantic Web and in the Semantic Knowledge Grid, tools for retrieving a suitable ontology from an ontology database are essential. However, existing approaches to ontology retrieval base their search mechanisms solely on keyword matching and return a lengthy list of relevant ontologies that may not satisfy user requirements. Users, therefore, are not equipped with expressive means to structurally and semantically describe their ontology needs. To tackle this problem, this paper develops a framework for Semantic Query based Ontology Retrieval, namely, SQORE. It enables precise formulation of a semantic query in order to best capture a user's ontology requirements, which include not only the desired class and property names, but also their relations and restrictions. SQORE employs the XML Declarative Description theory as its theoretical foundation for modeling ontology databases and evaluating semantic queries. Moreover, similarity score is formally defined as a key metric for ranking the resulting ontologies based on their conceptual closeness, their query coverage and their compactness with respect to the given query. A Web‐based prototype system is developed as a proof of concept, and experiments are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the SQORE framework. Experimental results indicate that SQORE yields better results and better rankings compared with existing systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell type specific applicability of 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) for dynamic proliferation assessment in flow cytometry
Authors: Diermeier‐Daucher Simone , Clarke Scott T. , Hill Dani , Vollmann‐Zwerenz Arabel , Bradford Jolene A. , Brockhoff Gero 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUsing the nucleoside analogue EdU (5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine) for thymidine substitution instead of BrdU (5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine) in cell proliferation assays has recently been proposed. However, the effect of EdU on cell viability, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle progression and consequently its usability for dynamic cell proliferation analysis in vitro has not been explored. We compared the effect of EdU and BrdU incorporation into SK‐BR‐3 and BT474 breast cancer cells and the impact on cell cycle kinetics, cell viability, and DNA damage. We found that EdU can be used not only for pulse but also for continuous cell labeling and henceforth in high resolution EdU/Hoechst quenching assays. BrdU and EdU proliferation assays based on click chemistry revealed comparable results. However, cell viability of SK‐BR‐3 breast cancer cells was highly affected by long term exposure to EdU. Both SK‐BR‐3 as well as BT474 cells show cell cycle arrests upon long term EdU treatment whereas only SK‐BR‐3 cells were driven into necrotic cell death by long term exposure to EdU. In contrast BT474 cells appeared essentially unharmed by EdU treatment in terms of viability. Consequently using EdU enables highly sensitive and quantitative detection of proliferating cells and facilitates even continuous cell cycle assessment. Nevertheless, potential cellular susceptibility needs to be individually evaluated. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry