bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalisability of epileptiform patterns across time and patients
Authors: Karimi-Rouzbahani Hamid , McGonigal Aileen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe complexity of localising the epileptogenic zone (EZ) contributes to surgical resection failures in achieving seizure freedom. The distinct patterns of epileptiform activity during interictal and ictal phases, varying across patients, often lead to suboptimal localisation using electroencephalography (EEG) features. We posed two key questions: whether neural signals reflecting epileptogenicity generalise from interictal to ictal time windows within each patient, and whether epileptiform patterns generalise across patients. Utilising an intracranial EEG dataset from 55 patients, we extracted a large battery of simple to complex features from stereo-EEG (SEEG) and electrocorticographic (ECoG) neural signals during interictal and ictal windows. Our features (n = 34) quantified many aspects of the signals including statistical moments, complexities, frequency-domain and cross-channel network attributes. Decision tree classifiers were then trained and tested on distinct time windows and patients to evaluate the generalisability of epileptogenic patterns across time and patients, respectively. Evidence strongly supported generalisability from interictal to ictal time windows across patients, particularly in signal power and high-frequency network-based features. Consistent patterns of epileptogenicity were observed across time windows within most patients, and signal features of epileptogenic regions generalised across patients, with higher generalisability in the ictal window. Signal complexity features were particularly contributory in cross-patient generalisation across patients. These findings offer insights into generalisable features of epileptic neural activity across time and patients, with implications for future automated approaches to supplement other EZ localisation methods.
Early menopause is associated with abnormal diastolic function and poor clinical outcomes in women with suspected angina
Authors: Bae SungA , Park Seong-Mi , Kim So Ree , Kim Mi-Na , Cho Dong-Hyuk , Kim Hee-Dong , Yoon Hyun Ju , Kim Myung-A , Kim Hack-Lyoung , Hong Kyung-Soon , Shin Mi-Seung , Jeong Jin-Ok , Shim Wan-Joo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEarly identification of women at high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), with subsequent monitoring, will allow for improved clinical outcomes and generally better quality of life. This study aimed to identify the associations between early menopause, abnormal diastolic function, and clinical outcomes. This retrospective study included 795 menopausal women from is a nationwide, multicenter, registry of patients with suspected angina visiting outpatient clinic. The patients into two groups: early and normal menopause (menopausal age ≤ 45 and > 45 years, respectively). If participants met > 50% of the diastolic function criteria, they were classified as having normal diastolic function. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models were used to test associations between menopausal age and clinical outcomes including the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), over a median follow-up period of 771 days. Early menopause was associated with increased waist circumference (p = 0.001), diabetes prevalence (p = 0.003), obstructive coronary artery disease (p = 0.005), abnormal diastolic function (p = 0.003) and greater incidences of MACE, acute coronary syndrome, and hospitalization for heart failure. In patients with abnormal diastolic function, early menopause increased MACE risk significantly, with no significant difference in normal diastolic function. These findings highlight early menopause and abnormal diastolic function as being potential risk markers in women for midlife CVD events.
Characterization of Omicron BA.4.6, XBB, and BQ.1.1 subvariants in hamsters
Authors: Halfmann Peter J. , Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Kuroda Makoto , Hirata Yuichiro , Yamayoshi Seiya , Iida Shun , Uraki Ryuta , Ito Mutsumi , Ueki Hiroshi , Furusawa Yuri , Sakai-Tagawa Yuko , Kiso Maki , Armbrust Tammy , Spyra Sam , Maeda Ken , Wang Zhongde , Imai Masaki , Suzuki Tadaki , Kawaoka Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring the Omicron wave, previous variants such as BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 were replaced by newer variants with additional mutations in the spike protein. These variants, BA.4.6, BQ.1.1, and XBB, have spread in different countries with different degrees of success. Here, we evaluated the replicative ability and pathogenicity of BA.4.6, BQ1.1, and XBB clinical isolates in male Syrian hamsters. Although we found no substantial differences in weight change among hamsters infected with these Omicron subvariants, the replicative ability of BQ.1.1 and XBB in lung tissue was higher than that of BA.4.6 and BA.5. Of note, BQ.1.1 was lethal in both male and female transgenic human ACE2 hamsters. In competition assays, XBB replicated better than BQ.1.1 in the nasal turbinate tissues of female hamsters previously infected with Omicron BA.2. These results suggest that newer Omicron subvariants in the XBB family are still evolving and should be closely monitored.
How turbulence spreading improves power handling in quiescent high confinement fusion plasmas
Authors: Li Zeyu , Chen Xi , Diamond Patrick. H. , Xu Xueqiao , Qin Xijie , Wang Huiqian , Scotti Filippo , Hong Rongjie , Yu Guanying , Yan Zheng , Khabanov Filipp , McKee George R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractViable magnetic fusion devices necessitate combining good confinement with effective power flux handling. A major concern for ITER, and devices beyond, is the divertor heat load width, which sets peak boundary heat loads on the plasma-facing materials. Current estimates of the heat flux width are narrow for future reactors. Here, we demonstrate how pedestal turbulence can expand into, or entrain, the stable scrape-off-layer and so broaden the heat flux width beyond these neoclassical predictions. Employing combined theoretical, computational, and experimental approaches, we focus on quiescent high confinement discharges on the DIII-D tokamak, but the results are of broader significance. Our findings uncover common trends in the edge turbulence intensity flux, the pressure perturbation skewness, and the turbulence mixing length, which together determine the heat flux width. This research demonstrates the physics of scrape-off-layer broadening by turbulence and highlights the promise of a turbulent pedestal for successful core-edge integration in ITER and future fusion devices.
Towards the intentional multifunctionality of urban green infrastructure: a paradox of choice?
Authors: Cook Lauren M. , Good Kelly D. , Moretti Marco , Kremer Peleg , Wadzuk Bridget , Traver Robert , Smith Virginia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Decades of research on multifunctional Green Infrastructure (GI) has yet to translate into holistic implementation in the built environment. This oversight stems from assumptions that many ecosystem services occur passively and thus potential synergies are overlooked during planning and design. This study offers specific guidance for coordinating GI planning, design, and construction by examining the current state of academic literature on these aspects. It identifies 15 GI elements (e.g., green roofs) and 15 objectives (e.g., biodiversity) to collectively consider before implementation. The literature tends to isolate discussions of “engineered” GI elements with water-related objectives, while more “natural” GI are linked to biodiversity and human well-being. Coordinating across GI objectives and elements remains imperative, but evaluating too many options risks a paradox of choice. This study recommends short-term adherence to principles of adaptive design and, in the long-term, reemphasizes multifunctionality assessments, inter and transdisciplinary collaboration, and political will.
Spatial optimization of circular timber hubs
Authors: Tsui Tanya , Venverloo Titus , Benson Tom , Duarte Fábio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the European Union, construction is responsible for 36% of CO2 emissions and 40% energy consumption. The reuse of construction materials has been receiving increasing attention, including regulations established by the European Union, and cities establishing goals to reuse construction materials. This is the case for Amsterdam, which established the goal of reusing 50% of construction materials in new construction by 2030. Part of the challenge of reuse of construction materials in urban areas is to optimize the waste-to-resource loops: finding the optimal scale and location for circular construction hubs—facilities that collect, store, and redistribute construction waste as secondary construction materials. In this paper, we use the supply and demand of timber construction materials in Amsterdam as a case study to find the optimal scale and location for construction hubs. We used the spatial simulated annealing algorithm as an optimization method for balancing the trade-off between small and large-scale hubs, using cost-effectiveness to compare potential locations and identify the optimal solution. We found that the optimal number of hubs for our study area is 29, with an average service radius of 3 km. This study has implications for policymakers, urban planners, and companies seeking to implement circular economy principles.
The evolution and future of research on Nature-based Solutions to address societal challenges
Authors: Dunlop Thomas , Khojasteh Danial , Cohen-Shacham Emmanuelle , Glamore William , Haghani Milad , van den Bosch Matilda , Rizzi Daniela , Greve Peter , Felder Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNature-based Solutions are recognised for their potential to address the biodiversity and climate crises, and less extensively, other societal challenges. However, this nature-society relationship is becoming more important as available food and water resources, income, and human health, are increasingly impacted by environmental changes. Here, we utilise the seven major societal challenges addressed by Nature-based Solutions according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, to identify the primary themes of the Nature-based Solutions research landscape from 1990-2021. We evaluate how these themes, with respect to the societal challenges, evolved over time, and where. Our findings highlight the under-representation of four societal challenges across the research landscape: economic and social development, human health, food security, and water security. We propose six research pathways to advance the evidence for Nature-based Solutions in these societal challenges, and present opportunities for future research programs to prioritise the needs of society, the environment, and the economy.
Sustained meningeal lymphatic vessel atrophy or expansion does not alter Alzheimer’s disease-related amyloid pathology
Authors: Antila Salli , Chilov Dmitri , Nurmi Harri , Li Zhilin , Näsi Anni , Gotkiewicz Maria , Sitnikova Valeriia , Jäntti Henna , Acosta Natalia , Koivisto Hennariikka , Ray Jonathan , Keuters Meike Hedwig , Sultan Ibrahim , Scoyni Flavia , Trevisan Davide , Wojciechowski Sara , Kaakinen Mika , Dvořáková Lenka , Singh Abhishek , Jukkola Jari , Korvenlaita Nea , Eklund Lauri , Koistinaho Jari , Karaman Sinem , Malm Tarja , Tanila Heikki , Alitalo Kari 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiscovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels (LVs) in the dura mater, also known as dural LVs (dLVs) that depend on vascular endothelial growth factor C expression, has raised interest in their possible involvement in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we find that in the APdE9 and 5xFAD mouse models of AD, dural amyloid-β (Aβ) is confined to blood vessels and dLV morphology or function is not altered. The induction of sustained dLV atrophy or hyperplasia in the AD mice by blocking or overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor C, impaired or improved, respectively, macromolecular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage to cervical lymph nodes. Yet, sustained manipulation of dLVs did not significantly alter the overall brain Aβ plaque load. Moreover, dLV atrophy did not alter the behavioral phenotypes of the AD mice, but it improved CSF-to-blood drainage. Our results indicate that sustained dLV manipulation does not affect Aβ deposition in the brain and that compensatory mechanisms promote CSF clearance.
GAN‐MD: A myocarditis detection using multi‐channel convolutional neural networks and generative adversarial network‐based data augmentation
Authors: Ahmadi Golilarz Hengame , Azadbar Alireza , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Gorriz Juan Manuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMyocarditis is a significant public health concern because of its potential to cause heart failure and sudden death. The standard invasive diagnostic method, endomyocardial biopsy, is typically reserved for cases with severe complications, limiting its widespread use. Conversely, non‐invasive cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging presents a promising alternative for detecting and monitoring myocarditis, because of its high signal contrast that reveals myocardial involvement. To assist medical professionals via artificial intelligence, the authors introduce generative adversarial networks ‐ multi discriminator (GAN‐MD), a deep learning model that uses binary classification to diagnose myocarditis from CMR images. Their approach employs a series of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that extract and combine feature vectors for accurate diagnosis. The authors suggest a novel technique for improving the classification precision of CNNs. Using generative adversarial networks (GANs) to create synthetic images for data augmentation, the authors address challenges such as mode collapse and unstable training. Incorporating a reconstruction loss into the GAN loss function requires the generator to produce images reflecting the discriminator features, thus enhancing the generated images' quality to more accurately replicate authentic data patterns. Moreover, combining this loss function with other regularisation methods, such as gradient penalty, has proven to further improve the performance of diverse GAN models. A significant challenge in myocarditis diagnosis is the imbalance of classification, where one class dominates over the other. To mitigate this, the authors introduce a focal loss‐based training method that effectively trains the model on the minority class samples. The GAN‐MD approach, evaluated on the Z‐Alizadeh Sani myocarditis dataset, achieves superior results (F‐measure 86.2%; geometric mean 91.0%) compared with other deep learning models and traditional machine learning methods.
Combining multiple sparse measurements with reference data regularization to create spherical directivities applied to voice data
Authors: Bellows Samuel D. , Katz Brian F. G. 
Published: March 2024

Obtaining high-resolution, spherical phoneme-dependent directivities for voice radiation is beneficial for numerous acoustics applications. This work reports on a spherical interpolation method based on two interleaved measurements using a regularized least-squares fit with reference data. Maximizing the spherical correlation between previously reported results and measured data determines the regularization hyper-parameters to ensure physical solutions. While the resultant spherical directivity patterns show similarities to time-averaged results, distinct radiation characteristics appear, particularly in the range of 630 Hz to 2 kHz.
Trends of Microsurgical Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction and Safety during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bustos Valeria P. , Elmer Nicholas , Veeramani Anamika , Comer Carly D. , Kinney JacqueLyn R. , Manstein Samuel M. , Hassell Natalie , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses unprecedented challenges among patients with head and neck (HN) cancer that require oncological and reconstructive surgeries. This study aims to identify differences in postoperative outcomes for patients who underwent microsurgical HN free flap reconstruction prior to versus during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods A retrospective observational study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2019 to 2020 database to identify patients with HN cancer who underwent a vascularized free tissue transfer was undertaken. Two cohorts were created: pre- and during COVID-19. Fisher's exact test and the unpaired Student's t-test were used to evaluate differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between the cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess differences in reoperation rates between groups as well as to identify potential risk factors for reoperation.
Results A total of 763 patients were analyzed. The mean age of patients in the overall cohort was 63.6 (standard deviation: 11.5) years. Most patients were white (62.7%). Overall, no statistically significant difference was evidenced between cohorts in terms of immediate postoperative outcomes. Similarly, reoperation rates were similar between groups (p > 0.05). Dependent functional status (p = 0.021) and postoperative infection (p < 0.001) were found to be risk factors for reoperation after holding other factors constant.
Conclusion HN flap reconstruction can be performed safely during the COVID-19 era. Standardized protocols for patient selection must be strictly followed to avoid disease progression and optimize surgical outcomes. Further studies assessing long-term outcomes during the pandemic are of utmost importance to elucidate the true impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this population.
Arthroscopic Thermal Shrinkage of Lunotriquetral Ligament Incomplete Tear without Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Perforation
Authors: Kim Byung Sung , Hwang Jin Yeong , Kim Sung Hwan , Park Eunseok , Kim Junyong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Few studies have reported the clinical results of arthroscopic debridement and thermal shrinkage for partial lunotriquetral (LT) ligament injury.
Purpose We estimated the outcomes of arthroscopic thermal shrinkage of a traumatic LT ligament incomplete tear without triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) perforation.
Methods We evaluated the results of 24 patients. The mean follow-up was 16 months. Radiographs were examined for ulnar variance (UV) and radioulnar distance on a true lateral radiograph, and wrist function was assessed based on grip strength, Mayo wrist score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, both pre- and postoperatively.
Results On preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), no obvious LT ligament tear was observed in any of the patients. The preoperative LT shear test was positive in 19 cases, while the LT ballottement test was positive in 18 cases and the ulnar stress test in 16 cases. Preoperatively, the average radiographic UV was 2.1 mm and the average radioulnar distance was 0.9 mm. The LT tear type was a flap tear in 22 cases and bucket handle tear in 2 cases arthroscopically. The visual analog pain scale score improved postoperatively (from 7.5 to 0.4). The average grip strength improved from 72.7% preoperatively to 89.8% postoperatively. The Mayo wrist score was excellent/good in 6/15 cases and fair in 3 cases, with the scores ranging from 68 to 87. The average DASH score improved from 36.8 to 7.
Conclusion We should be careful to differentiate LT ligament tears from TFCC lesions in the cases with ulnar wrist pain, because LT ligament tears may not be detected by MRI. Arthroscopic thermal shrinkage for traumatic LT ligament tear can be an effective treatment.
Level of Evidence Level IV.
Role of the Surgical Approach in the Treatment of Eagle Syndrome
Authors: Kapoor Sahil , Gupta Ayushi , Satya Sneha , Saidha Poonam K , Saini Urvi , Singh Ankesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction Eagle syndrome is a rare and an often misdiagnosed entity in otorhinolaryngology.
Objective To determine the efficacy of the surgical treatment for Eagle syndrome.
Methods The present prospective study included 25 patients who presented with complaints of pain in the throat, ear, and neck, as well as difficulty and/or pain while swallowing; they were assessed for Eagle syndrome. As per patient profile, we performed a clinical assessments along with orthopantomograms (OPGs), three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Pain was assessed pre- and postoperatively through the Numerical Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11), whose score ranges from 0 to 10. Microscopic tonsillo-styloidectomy was performed in cases in which the conservative treatment failed to relieve pain.
Results The mean age of the entire study population was of 36.08 ± 7.19 years, and the male-to-female ratio was of 1.08:1. Referred otalgia was the commonest (44%) complaint. Radiologically, out of 25 patients, 20 patients presented elongated styloid processes. The longest symptomatic styloid process measured radiographically was of 64.7 mm while the shortest was of 28.2 mm. Out of 20 patients, 12 underwent surgery. The postoperative pain assessment through the NRS-11 was performed on day 0 (3.83 ± 0.83), day 7 (1.5 ± 0.52), week 4 (0.5 ± 0.52), and week 12 (0.41 ± 0.51). By 12 weeks, 7 patients were symptom-free, while 5 patients still reported mild pain.
Conclusion Eagle syndrome associated with an elongated styloid process is not a rarity, but it often goes undiagnosed. Microscopic tonsillo-styloidectomy shows excellent results in the management of patients with Eagle syndrome.
Assessment of Peripheral and Central Auditory Processing after Treatment for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Khakzand Soheila , Maarefvand Mohammad , Ruzbahani Masoumeh , Tajdini Ardavan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction When cases of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) are treated successfully, most clinicians assume the normality and symmetry of the auditory processing. This assumption is based on the recovery of the detection ability on the part of the patients, but the auditory processing involves much more than detection alone. Since certain studies have suggested a possible involvement of the central auditory system during the acute phase of sudden hearing loss, the present study hypothesized that auditory processing would be asymmetric in people who have experienced sudden hearing loss.
Objective To assess the physiologic and electrophysiological conditions of the cochlea and central auditory system, as well as behavioral discrimination, of three primary aspects of sound (intensity, frequency, and time) in subjects with normal ears and ears treated successfully for SSNHL.
Methods The study included 19 SSNHL patients whose normal and treated ears were assessed for otoacoustic emissions, speech auditory brainstem response, intensity and pitch discrimination, and temporal resolution in a within-subject design.
Results The otoacoustic emissions were poorer in the treated ears compared to the normal ears. Ear- and sex-dependent differences were observed regarding otoacoustic emissions and pitch discrimination.
Conclusion The asymmetrical processing observed in the present study was not consistent with the hearing threshold values, which might suggest that the central auditory system would be affected regardless of the status of the peripheral hearing. Further experiments with larger samples, different recovery scenarios after treatment, and other assessments are required.
Unusual Case of Colonic Intussusception Caused by Angiolipoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lino Hugo Araujo , Hubbard Brittany , LePhan Huy , Mahoney Sean , Harrel Nicholas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAngiolipomas are benign tumors composed of adipose tissue commonly found in the subcutaneous tissue with vascular proliferation. It is uncommon to find it in the gastrointestinal tract. This report focuses on an angiolipoma found in the sigmoid colon causing intussusception in a young healthy 26-year-old male. We discuss the presentation, workup and surgical management.