bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well‐drained floodplain taphonomic mode of Late Pleistocene vertebrates from Northeast Argentina
Authors: Méndez CECILIA R. , Montalvo CLAUDIA I. , Luna CARLOS A. , Zurita Alfredo E. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThe vertebrate assemblage recovered from the Toropí/Yupoí Formation (Late Pleistocene) in the Arroyo Toropí area, Bella Vista (Corrientes Province, Argentina), has been subjected to taphonomic evaluation. The fossil‐bearing levels have been dated to ~53 ka (MIS 3) based on Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating. This assemblage primarily comprises mammal remains, with a notable prevalence of herbivorous megamammals. Also, reptiles and birds have been documented. Sedimentological analysis suggests that the skeletal remains were preserved within a floodplain environment influenced by the dynamics of the adjacent fluvial system, and taphonomic features observed in the assemblage support this interpretation. The assemblage resulted from the deposition of disarticulated mammal remains and local dispersion over a relatively short period. Rapid burial is evident, but several processes such as weathering and breakage have contributed to the observed patterns. The loss of several skeletal elements within the assemblage may be attributed to sporadic water flows occurring on the floodplain. During the post‐burial stage, the specimens were affected by diagenetic processes, including filling, impregnation, deformation and breakage. In summary, the taphonomic evaluation of the Toropí/Yupoí Formation offers valuable comparison with other fossil fluvial assemblages. This research contributes to our understanding of the processes and environmental conditions that shaped this Late Pleistocene ecosystem.
Initial validation of a diaphragm tracking system for multiple breath‐hold volumetric modulated arc therapy of abdominal tumors: A phantom study
Authors: Nozawa Yuki , Ohta Takeshi , Katano Atsuto , Nawa Kanabu , Ohira Shingo , Yamashita Hideomi , Nakagawa Keiichi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe breath‐hold radiotherapy has been increasingly used to mitigate interfractional and intrafractional breathing impact on treatment planning and beam delivery. Previous techniques include body surface measurements or radiopaque metal markers, each having known disadvantages.PurposeWe recently proposed a new markerless technique without the disadvantages, where diaphragm was registered between DRR and fluoroscopic x‐ray projection images every 180 ms during VMAT delivery. An initial validation of the proposed diaphragm tracking system (DiaTrak) was performed using a chest phantom to evaluate its characteristics.MethodsDiaphragm registration was performed between DRR and projection streaming kV x‐ray images of a chest phantom during VMAT delivery. Streaming data including the projection images and the beam angles were transferred from a linac system to an external PC, where the diaphragm registration accuracy and beam‐off latency were measured based on image cross correlation between the DRR and the projection images every 180 ms.ResultsIt was shown that the average of the beam‐off latency was 249.5 ms and the average of the diaphragm registration error was 0.84 mmConclusionsInitial validation of the proposed DiaTrak system for multiple breath‐hold VMAT of abdominal tumors has been successfully completed with a chest phantom. The resulting beam‐off latency and the diaphragm registration error were regarded clinically acceptable.
Trendbericht Organische Chemie 2024
Authors: Breugst Martin , Andexer Jennifer , Barra Lena , Beil Sebastian B. , Breinbauer Rolf , Burkhardt Immo , Dumele Oliver , Ernst Martin , Gellrich Urs , Germer Philipp , Giese Michael , Huy Peter , Kath‐Schorr Stephanie , Klepp Julian , Körber Karsten , Kordes Markus , Kuttruff Christian A. , Lindel Thomas , Myllek Sebastian , Pfrengle Fabian , Pietruszka Jörg , Schaschke Norbert , Senge Mathias O. , Storch Golo , Teichert Johannes F. , Tönjes Jan , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Werner Thomas , Winter Christian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnter anderem das hat die Organik im letzten Jahr bewegt: milde Oxidation mit Elektrochemie, Oxidation zu enantiomerenreinen Sulfonylverbindungen, Flüssigkristallphasen erkennen mit maschinellem Lernen, CO2reagiert zu Succinat und Carbamaten, eine Alternative zu Bisphenol A, Subporphyrine, photoschaltbare Spinmaterialien, photochemische Thiophen‐Ringerweiterung, und Peptide werden mit Bor versehen und cyclisiert. Die Zusammenstellung des Trendberichts koordiniert hat Martin Breugst, Universität Chemnitz.
A cross‐sectional study of breastfed infants referred for tongue tie assessment and frenotomy in one Canadian health region
Authors: Lee Tiffany A. , Bishop Jessica , Drover Anne , Midodzi William K. , Twells Laurie K. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTImportanceTongue tie (TT) is a condition that can cause infant feeding difficulties due to restricted tongue movement. When TT presents as a significant barrier to breastfeeding, a frenotomy may be recommended. Universally accepted diagnostic criteria for TT are lacking and wide prevalence estimates are reported. New referral processes and a Frenotomy Assessment Tool were implemented in one Canadian health region to connect breastfeeding dyads with a provider for TT evaluation and frenotomy.ObjectiveTo determine the proportion of babies with TT as well as the frequency of frenotomy.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included infants who initiated breastfeeding at birth and were referred for TT evaluation over a 14‐month period. Data were collected retrospectively by chart review and analyzed using SPSS. Factors associated with frenotomy were examined using logistic regression.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐one babies were referred. Ninety‐two percent (n = 222) were diagnosed with TT and 66.0% (n = 159) underwent frenotomy. In the multivariate model, nipple pain/trauma, inability to latch, inability to elevate tongue, and dimpling of tongue on extension were associated with frenotomy (P < 0.05). Most referrals in our region resulted in a diagnosis of TT; however, the number of referrals was lower than expected, and of these two‐thirds underwent frenotomy.InterpretationTT is a relatively common finding among breastfed infants. Future research should examine whether a simplified assessment tool containing the four items associated with frenotomy in our multivariate model can identify breastfed infants with TT who require frenotomy.
Effects of vasoactive substances on biomechanics of small resistance arteries of male and female Dahl salt‐sensitive rats
Authors: Mensah Eric A. , Daneshtalab Noriko , Tabrizchi Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChanges in vascular biomechanics leading to increase in arterial stiffness play a pivotal role in circulatory dysfunction. Our objectives were to examine sex‐specific pharmacological changes related to the biomechanics and any structural modifications in small resistance arteries of Dahl salt‐sensitive male and female rats. The composite Young modulus (CYM) was determined using pressure myograph recordings, and immunohistochemistry was used for the evaluation of any structural changes in the third‐order mesenteric arteries (n = 6). Animals on high‐salt diet developed hypertension with significant elevation in central and peripheral blood pressures and pulse wave velocity compared to those on regular diet. There were no significant differences observed in the CYM between any of the groups (i.e., males and females) in vehicle‐treated time‐control studies. The presence of verapamil (0.3 μM) significantly reduced CYM in hypertensive males without changes within females compared to vehicle. This effect was abolished by phenylephrine (0.3 μM). BaCl2 (100 μM), ouabain (100 μM), and L‐NAME (0.3 μM) combined significantly increased CYM in vessels from in normotensive males and females but not in hypertensive males compared to vehicle. The increase in CYM was abolished in the presence of phenylephrine. Sodium nitroprusside (0.3 μM), in the presence of phenylephrine, significantly reduced CYM in male normotensive versus hypertensive, with no differences within females. Significant differences were observed in immunohistochemical assessment of biomechanical markers of arterial stiffness between males and females. Our findings suggest sex possibly due to pressure differences to be responsible for adaptive changes in biomechanics, and varied pharmacological responses in hypertensive state.
Stochastic important‐data‐based attack model and defense strategies for cyber‐physical system: A data‐driven method
Authors: Zhang Chunting , Zhao Xia , Tian Engang , Zou Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the security ensured state estimation problem for cyber‐physical system via a data‐driven method. First, based on the fact that different packets possess varying a degree of significance, that is, some packets play more important roles in the state estimation than others, a novel stochastic important‐data‐based (IDB) attack mechanism is constructed from the attacker's perspective, which can focus on attacking the important packets thus is expected to achieve more destructiveness. Second, as a countermeasure to the proposed IDB attack, a new data‐driven compensation method is proposed, for the first attempt, to compensate for the attack effect and enhance the estimation quality. The designed defense strategy has the following two advantages: (1) only system input and output data are utilized to establish the novel estimator, without knowing the actual system model knowledge, and (2) by constructing a data‐driven output predictor to compensate for the data loss, the accuracy of the state estimation can be efficiently improved. With the aid of the least squares technique and completing square technique, a minimum upper bound matrix for the estimation error covariance is obtained by properly designing the estimator gain. Finally, an illustrative example is given to highlight the destructiveness of the designed stochastic IDB attack and the effectiveness of the proposed novel data‐based compensation method.
Quantification of secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements by using ion‐implanted metallic standards
Authors: Soria Guiomar Delgado , González María , Crespillo Miguel Luis , Sánchez Prieto Jesús , García Gastón 
Published: February 2024

This research addresses an analytical methodology to quantify elements of interest in fusion‐relevant materials using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). For this purpose, internal standards have been fabricated by ion implantation to avoid the well‐known matrix effect of this technique. In particular, chromium has been implanted at an energy of 12 MeV using two fluences in high‐purity iron and tungsten matrices together with Si control substrates. The latter were applied to determine the Cr concentration implanted through experimental and semiempirical methods. Specifically, the IBA technique Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) provided the quantitative results being 3.1 × 1019 at/cm3 and 1.6 × 1019 at/cm3 for the high and low dose, respectively. The SIMS depth profiles of Cr for the Fe and W matrices established an ion implantation depth close to 2 μm on both substrates in agreement with the calculations previously performed by Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) simulations. Correlation between the integration of SIMS profiles and known concentrations of the implanted ion resulted in the calibration curve for each matrix, obtaining the SIMS quantification approach by means of this relative sensitivity factor (RSF). Additionally, a cross‐check of the method by comparing commercial Fe‐Cr alloys with the Cr‐implanted Fe matrices of the present study pointed out the need to produce standards with higher chromium concentrations.
Modifying Fluorescent Protein Chromophore to Detect Protamine and Application in Real Serum Samples
Authors: Gao Xiaochen , Li Ke , Xiao Yu , Dai Jianan , Shen Zheyu , Lv Guangping , Yang Yaqiong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs effective methods to accurately and rapidly detect protamine remains a major challenge, here we present a fluorescent protein chromophore‐based probe (IDL‐FP) utilizing twisted‐intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) to detect protamine. The introduction of an electron‐donor group 4‐dimethylaminobenzaldehyde extends the emission wavelength of IDL‐FP to the red region. The deprotection of t‐butyloxy carbonyl groups can then generate an electronegative carboxyl group, which promotes the binding to protamine via electrostatic attraction. Thus, IDL‐FP is sensitive and specific towards protamine and can serve as a highly selective detector for protamine with a detection limit as low as 8.87 ng/mL. As IDL‐FP exhibited good stability in physiological pH environment, we successfully apply IDL‐FP to detect spiked‐in protamine in human serum. In summary, probe IDL‐FP is a promising tool for the quantitative determination of protamine.
Chalcones: Effective Agents for Fighting Cancer Across Multiple Cell Lines
Authors: Kaur Sukhmeet , Kaur Jasneet , Anand Amit , Kaur Kirandeep , Choudhary Vishal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis review article explores the mushrooming research on chalcone hybrid molecules as promising anticancer agents. Chalcones, featuring a unique chemical structure, exhibit diverse biological activities, including potent anticancer properties. Various synthetic chalcones and their derivatives have demonstrated remarkable efficacy against different cancer cell lines, offering advantages such as reduced mutagenicity. The article summarizes recent advancements in chalcone hybrid research, highlighting their potential in cancer treatment and paving the way for novel, safer, and more effective chemotherapeutic agents.
Synthesis, Biological Investigation, and Molecular Docking of Novel Benzimidazole‐Hydrazone Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agent Candidates
Authors: Demirci Serpil , Köprülü Tuğba Kul , Mermer Arif , Yılmaz Gizem Tatar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, six novel Benzimidazole‐hydrazone derivatives starting from the commercially available 1H‐benzo[d]imidazole‐2‐amine were synthesized, and the molecular structure of the obtained compounds were confirmed by NMR, FTIR and MS spectroscopic techniques. The anticancer activities of the synthesized compounds were investigated against HT29 (Human colon adenocarcinoma) and A549 (Human non‐small cell lung cancer) cancer cell lines using xCELLigence real‐time cell analysis. Cell apoptosis was determined by DNA laddering assay and Annexin V/FITC flow cytometer. Compound 4 c exhibited the best anticancer potency against both cancer cell lines (A549 and HT29) with IC50 values of 0.0019 μM and 0.0093 μM, respectively. Compound 4 c reduced the growth of A549 and HT29 cells in vitro and induced early apoptosis of A549 and HT29 cells. Additionaly, all compounds demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics properties compared to Paclitaxel (reference compound) and the best docking scores were obtained for compounds 4 e and 4 b among the compounds.
Smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers: Design, properties and application
Authors: Liu Yuan , Ma Jiazhe , Yang Yanzhao , Valenzuela Cristian , Zhang Xuan , Wang Ling , Feng Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSmart chiral liquid crystal elastomers are a class of soft photonic crystals with periodic nanostructures. There are two kinds of chiral liquid crystal elastomers with structural colors: cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers with a one‐dimensional helical nanostructure and blue‐phase liquid crystal elastomers with a three‐dimensional photonic crystal nanostructure. The self‐assembled nanostructure of chiral liquid crystal elastomers can be dynamically controlled under external stimulation, and the reflected color can be adjusted throughout the visible light range. Along with the development of innovative material systems and cutting‐edge manufacturing technologies, researchers have proposed diverse strategies to design and synthesize chiral liquid crystal elastomers and have thoroughly investigated their properties and potential applications. Here, we provide a systematic review of the progress in the design and fabrication of smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers, focusing on the cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers via surface‐enforced alignment, bar coating, 3D printing, anisotropic deswelling methods as well as the three‐dimensional self‐assembly of blue‐phase liquid crystal elastomers without additional alignment. Smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers are able to respond quickly to external stimuli and have a wide range of applications in areas such as adaptive optics, color‐changing camouflage, soft robotics, and information encryption. This review concludes with a perspective on the opportunities and challenges for the future development of smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers.
Effect of enrofloxacin on clinical parameters and mucociliary system of broilers challenged with H9N2 avian influenza/infectious bronchitis viruses
Authors: Abbasnia Mohammad , Mosleh Najmeh , Dadras Habibollah , Shomali Tahoora 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEffect of antibacterials on mucociliary system and clinical outcome of chickens with mixed viral respiratory conditions is not properly addressed.ObjectiveWe evaluated enrofloxacin effects on clinical parameters and mucociliary system of broilers challenged with H9N2/IB viruses.MethodsBroilers (105), at the age of 25 days, were randomly allocated into three groups: Group 1 (negative control), no treatment; Group 2 (positive control [PC]) challenged by intranasal and intraocular route. Group 3 (antibiotic [AB]‐treated) challenged and also received enrofloxacin started after manifestation of clinical signs (day 2 post‐challenge [pc]) and continued for 5 days.ResultsAdministration of AB was not associated with appreciable changes in body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) or the severity of clinical signs although it slightly reduced mortality rate as compared to PC group (p > 0.05). Virus shedding period and number of virus positive tracheal and caecal tonsil samples were also statistically similar between PC and AB groups. In necropsy, the most profound effect of AB was decreased pleuropneumonia severity score on day 12 pc. Histopathological lesion scores were statistically the same between PC and AB groups. However, the administration of AB increased the number of tracheal goblet cells, with no effect on ciliostasis.ConclusionsWe found a weak positive effect of enrofloxacin administration in H9N2/IB‐infected chickens. Considering the risks of AB treatment in broiler chickens, the results of this small‐scale study do not encourage the benefit of enrofloxacin use in these viral diseases.
A comprehensive analysis of albuminuria in canine chronic kidney disease
Authors: Paukner Karel , Filipejova Zita , Mareš Jan , Vávra Miloš , Rehakova Kristina , Proks Pavel , Gabriel Vojtech , Crha Michal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlbuminuria, an important marker of decreased kidney function in chronic kidney disease (CKD), is not routinely used for CKD detection or proteinuria appearance. Its relationships with biochemical parameters and blood pressure in dogs are poorly understood.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship of albuminuria with various CKD markers, its correlation with the urinary protein to creatinine ratio (UPC), and hypertension in dogs with early stages of CKD. It also sought to determine the usability of the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UAC) for CKD screening.MethodsThe study reviewed records of 102 dogs, categorising them into four groups based on disease status. UAC and UPC ratio, biochemistry and haematology variables, age, and systolic blood pressure were determined.ResultsThe Pearson's correlation coefficient between log‐transformed values of UPC and UAC was r = 0.902 (95% CI: 0.87 to 0.93). Median UAC ratio values were 2.1 mg/g for the Healthy control group (n = 17), 54.2 mg/g for early stages CKD (n = 42), 5.8 mg/g for Acute sick control (n = 30), and 104 mg/g for Chronic sick control (n = 13). Thresholding UAC ratio as an indicator for impaired kidney function with the threshold of 10 mg/g (established based on the receiver operating characteristic curve) had a sensitivity 81.8%, specificity of 89.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) 90%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 80.1%. The correlation of UAC with biochemistry and haematology variables was statistically significant; for SDMA (μg/L), it was r = 0.566 and for other variables, it was weak to moderate. UAC was markedly elevated in cases of severe hypertension.ConclusionsUAC ratio was significantly different among dogs with impaired and not impaired kidney function. The correlation strength for the UAC and UPC ratios was high. UAC ratio may be a promising marker for proteinuria analysis in dogs with CKD or other kidney function alterations.
The Digital Divide: Understanding Vulnerability and Risk in Children and Young People’s Everyday Digital Lives
Authors: Holmarsdottir Halla 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter aims to uncover what it means to be vulnerable or at risk in relation to digital technology. To better understand risk and vulnerability, there is a need to consider specific kinds of protection, education, and socialisation, all of which are tasks assigned to families and other ecosystems surrounding the digital generation. This chapter provides a first step in contributing to a more precise understanding of the concepts of vulnerability and risk regarding the use of digital technology, laying the foundation for some of the discussions in the remaining chapters of this edited volume. More specifically, the chapter has the following objectives: (1) to understand vulnerability and risk and what it means for children and young people to be vulnerable or at risk regarding digital technologies; and (2) to provide a theoretical contribution to this volume by focusing on vulnerability and risk. One thing that is clear is that risk and vulnerability are partly understood within the digital divide literature and that the importance of the various ecosystems surrounding children and young people’s everyday lives has a crucial role to play.
Children’s and Young People’s ICT Experiences in School Education: Participatory Research Design to Engage Children and Young People as Experts in Research
Authors: Labusch Amelie , Eickelmann Birgit , Casamassima Gianna , Drossel Kerstin , Gudmundsdottir Greta Björk , Kazani Aggeliki , Mifsud Louise , Symeonaki Maria , Teidla-Kunitsõn Gertha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith technological change affecting all aspects of life, it is important to ensure that children and young people are prepared for a future in the digital world. Education plays an important role in this. However, the perspectives of children and young people are often overlooked when researching this role. This chapter describes how children and young people were actively involved in a video workshop approach as part of a participatory research design used in the DigiGen study. One of the children’s and young people’s tasks was to develop an interview guide for their peers. The development of interview guides by the children and young people and teacher candidates in these workshops varied considerably between the five participating countries—Estonia, Germany, Greece, Norway, and Romania. The main implications of the methodological approach were the great benefit of uncovering previously unrecognised aspects (which is important in participatory research), such as how children and young people see education as preparation for their future life in the digital age. Solutions could be developed for the challenges that have arisen, and with appropriate planning and preparation, the method can be successful. The results help to highlight the relevance and potential of video workshops for future research and involve children and young people in the research process, making use of their knowledge to supplement traditional approaches.