bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and organoleptic properties of dried emulsions
Authors: Fioriti J. A. , Stahl H. D. , Cseri J. , Sims R. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSafflower oil was incorporated into a model emulsion system containing emulsifier, carbohydrates, antioxidants, and protein. Emulsions were spray dried and the dry powders were stored at 60 C. Their oxidation rates were measured by headspace gas analysis (Oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide generation); peroxide and carbonyl values also were run. Although these objective tests all gave good correlation with average flavor scores, results show that oxygen absorption was superior to others as an indicator of flavor deterioration. Stepwise, multiple linear regression analysis showed that oxygen absorption and carbonyl value gave an equation which can predict flavor scores with a high degree of accuracy.
Soybean soapstock utilization: Fatty acid adducts with ethylene and 1‐butene
Authors: Beal R. E. , Lauderback L. L. , Ford J. R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe relation of certain reaction variables to yield was investigated in the preparation of ethylene and 1‐butene Diels‐Alder adducts with alkali conjugated linoleic and linolenic acid soaps derived from soybean oil soapstock. Adduct yields generally increased with pressure at the 295 C reaction temperature. Maximum yields obtained with fatty acids derived from soapstock were ca. 80% of theory with ethylene and 40% of theory with 1‐butene. Purification of adduct methyl esters by vacuum fractional distillation gave adducts with >95% purity. Ethylene adduct amides showed promise as antiblock agents for plastic film.
Mastich as an antioxidant
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman A. ‐H. Y. ,   SOAD, Youssef A. M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMastich, a resin fromPistacia lentiscus L., family Anacardiaceae, contains terpenolic acids, which apparently act as antioxidants similar to butylated hydroxyanisole. Egyptian farmers have used mastich for centuries as a butteroil preservative.
Further compositional analyses of flax: Mucilage, trypsin inhibitors and hydrocyanic acid
Authors: Bhatty R. S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRegistered Canadian cultivars of flax, and laboratory‐prepared and commercially obtained samples of linseed meal (LM), were used to determine extract viscosity and mucilage, trypsin inhibitors and hydrocyanic acid (HCN) concentrations. The mucilage readily leached out from the seed coat (hull) fragments soaked in water, leaving behind pentagon‐shaped cells that could be seen clearly in scanning electron micrographs. Extract viscosity significantly varied in the laboratory‐prepared (23–48 cS) and commercially obtained (30–68 cS) samples of LM and may be used to obtain an indirect, qualitative estimate of flax mucilage. Mucilage was extracted from whole seed in 5.0–5.3% yields and contained 20–24% protein (about 10% ash and 30% total carbohydrates). Laboratory‐prepared LM (raw) contained 42–51 units of trypsin inhibitor activity, commercially obtained samples, 14–37 units, and raw rapeseed and soybean meals, 99 and 1650 units, respectively. Picric acid tests (qualitative) showed only traces of HCN in ten cultivars of freshly ground flax. The acid silver nitrate titration procedure measured HCN quantitatively, but showed its presence only in three of the five cultivars investigated. HCN was conveniently measured by a colorimetric procedure (barbituric acidpyridine reaction), which may be used to screen flax cultivars. HCN content of flax was significantly influenced by environments (growth location and season) and, to a less extent, by cultivar.
Characteristic properties of cutting fluid additives derived from the adducts of diamines and acid chlorides
Authors: Watanabe S. , Fujita T. , Sakamoto M. , Kuramochi T. , Kawahara H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA number of N,N′‐diacylalkyldiamines were prepared from the reaction of acid chlorides with 1,8‐diaminooctane and 1,12‐diaminododecane and screened for anti‐rust properties and antimicrobial activity in spent coolants of water‐based cutting fluids. Aqueous solutions of N,N′‐dihexanoyl‐1,8‐diaminooctane and N,N′‐isobutyroyl‐1,12‐diaminododecane showed good anti‐rust properties for water‐based cutting fluids. Aqueous emulsions of N,N′‐dibutyroyl‐, dipentanoyl‐, dihexanoyl‐ and dioctanoyl‐1,12‐diaminododecane showed good lubricities and antimicrobial activity for water‐based cutting fluids.
8‐Methylethoxyquin: A possible replacement for ethoxyquin
Authors: Thorisson Snorri , Gunstone Frank D. , Hardy Roy 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWhen acting as an antioxidant, ethoxyquin is converted mainly to a 1,8′‐dimer and to a quinone‐imine, with the latter itself acting as a powerful antioxidant. The 8‐methyl derivative of ethoxyquin was prepared in the expectation that this would not form a dimer but more quinone‐imine and, therefore, be a more powerful antioxidant. On oxidation of 8‐methylethoxyquin, the dimer was absent and the quinone‐imine was formed in high yield. Despite this, 8‐methylethoxyquin was a less efficient antioxidant than ethoxyquin in fish oil and meal.
Recovery of fatty acid lights from still vapors
Authors: Atwood C. T. , Woody C. L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA fatty acids still operating primarily on coconut oil fatty acids has two condensers in series to condense the top product. Nonetheless, until recently 1% to 2% of fatty acid lights normally passed through to the hot well. Here the caproic, caprylic and capric acids dissolved in the warm water and these dissolved acids ultimately found their way to the plant effluent stream where they contributed to the biochemical oxygen demand loading. Early in 1969 a Croll‐Reynolds Scrub‐Vactor was placed in operation to remove fatty acids from the vapors leaving the still. A normal scrubber installation could not be employed because of the volatility of the lights, but a modification was devised in which coconut oil low in free fatty acids is sprayed into the scrubber. The coconut oil is removed continuously at such a rate that the free fatty acids content of the oil does not build up to over 10% to 15%. This material then goes to the fat splitter. By this means 80% of more of the fatty acids are removed from the vapor stream with resulting reduction in polution of plant aqueous effluent and collection of salable fatty acid lights.
Spectrophotometric determination of BHA in edible fats and oils
Authors: Komaitis M. E. , Kapel M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA method is described for the analysis of 2‐ and 3‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyanisole (BHA) in edible fats and oils. The method is based on measurement of a specific color developed from the reaction of BHA with NN‐dimethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine in the presence of a mild oxidizing agent in alkaline solution. The purple‐violet color developed is extracted in carbon tetrachloride, and the absorbance is measured at 550 nm. The presence of other antioxidants also was examined, and the method was applied to various foodstuffs (e.g. olive oil, lard and butter). It gave satisfactory results. The detection limit was 0.4 ppm of BHA.
Interactions between linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and water hardness ions. II. Reducing hardness sensitivity by the addition of micelle promotion agents
Authors: Cox Michael F. , Matheson K. Lee 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAgents which promote micellization of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) improve LAS hard‐water detergency performance by reducing water hardness sensitivity. A model is proposed which correlates micellization and water hardness tolerance. The ability of inorganic salts and cosurfactants to act as micelle promotion agents is discussed.
Cis‐trans isomerization in the synthesis of fatty acid nitriles
Authors: Jerzykiewicz W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIsomerization ofcis‐9‐octadecenoic acid and its nitrile was investigated using different catalysts under different experimental conditions during the ammonolysis and dehydration process. It was found that the ratio ofcis‐ totrans‐9‐octadecene nitrile depends upon the catalyst type and decreases as the process temperature and the reaction time increase and as the catalyst load decreases. Simultaneously, higher amounts of hydrocarbons are formed.
Chemical composition ofacacia seeds
Authors: Banerji R. , Chowdhury A. R. , Misra G. , Nigam S. K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe seeds of 12 species ofAcacia, although rich in C‐18 unsaturated acids (47.9–93.5%), have low oil content (2.5–10.2%). Highest concentration of octadecatrienoic acid was inA. lenticularis (80.3%),A. suma (76.8%) andA. tortilis (71.7%) oils.A. mollissima was rich in octadecadienoic (69.1%) andA. senegal in octadecenoic (42.5%) acids. All the seed oils showed the presence of epoxy 18:1 acid, 0.6–3.8%. The protein content of the processed seed meals ranged from 13.4–37.2%, the highest being inA. senegal. Fiber content varied from 8.8–11.9%.
Deacidification of olive oils by supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Brunetti L. , Daghetta A. , Fedell E. , Kikic I. , Zanderighi L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn investigation of the application of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction to the deacidification of olive oils has been made to verify that the nutritional properties of the oil remain unchanged when this technique is applied.Preliminary runs at 20 and 30 MPa in the temperature range of 35–60°C were performed on fatty acids and triglycerides as pure compounds or mixtures, to determine their solubility in SC‐CO2. The solubility data obtained show that CO2 extracts fatty acids more selectively than triglycerides under specific conditions of temperature and pressure (60°C and 20 MPa). It has been noted that the physical state of the solutes plays an important role in determining the solubility trends as a function of temperature and pressure.Extraction of free fatty acids from olive oil was performed on samples with different free fatty acid (FFA) contents at 20 and 30 MPa and at 40 and 60°C. Experimental data suggest that the selectivity factor for fatty acids is higher than 5 and increases significantly as the fatty acid concentration of the oil decreases. For a FFA content of 2.62%, the selectivity reaches a value of 16.In order to evaluate any variations in the composition, several SC‐CO2 extractions of husk oil with high FFA content (29.3%) were made. The results show that selectivity is still significant (≈5) and the composition in the minor component of the deacidified oil has not changed. On the basis of the experimental results and preliminary process evaluations, the authors conclude that SC‐CO2 extraction could be a suitable technique for the deacidification of olive oils, especially for oils with relatively high FFA (<10%).
Applicability of the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms in the bleaching of rubber and melon seed oils
Authors: Achife E. C. , Ibemesi J. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe applicability of Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms to guide bleaching of vegetable oils was examined using rubber [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. Juss) Muell. Arg.] and melon [Colocynthis vulgaris (Schrad)] seed oils at temperatures of 30, 55 and 80 C. Fuller’s earth, activated charcoal and a mixture thereof (1:1 ratio) were used as the decolorizing agents (adsorbents). The degree of bleaching was monitored spectrophotometrically.Plots of log(x/m) versus logXe (for Freundlich) and (Xe/x/m) versusXe (for Langmuir) were made; where x is the amount of coloring matter removed per unit mass of the adsorbent, m, andXe is the equilibrium concentration of the coloring matter. The results obtained show good agreement with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, indicating that the adsorption of the coloring matter from the oils proceeds by monolayer formation on the surface of the adsorbent. The specific adsorption (x/m) and the Freundlich and Langmuir constants were found to increase with temperature for a given oil/bleaching agent ratio, showing the formation of more active sites on the adsorbent with a rise in temperature.
Lipids and fatty acids of the gastropod molluscCerethidea cingulata
Authors: Dutta Ashis K. , Pal Prasanta K. , Ghosh Amitabha , Misra Suniti , Nandi S. , Choudhury A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFatty acids of total lipid, neutral lipid, triglyceride, sterol ester and phosphatidylcholine ofCerethidea cingulata (Gmelin) have been determined. Levels of 16:1 (14%), 20:5ω3 (15%) and nonsaponifiables (40%) were found.
Regioselective analysis of triacylglycerols by lipase hydrolysis
Authors: Foglia Thomas A. , Conkerton Edith J. , Sonnet Philip E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA modified procedure for the regiospecific analysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) with a 1,3‐specific lipase is described. After partial lipase hydrolysis of the triacylglycerol, the released free fatty acids (FFA) and 1,2(2,3)‐diacylglycerols (DAG) were isolated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The FAME were analyzed by gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC). The 1,3‐specific lipases used in this study included supported preparations from strains ofMucor miehei andRhizopus oryzae. The method also was applied to the regiospecific analyses of tung nut and Chinese melon seed oil triacyglycerols, both of which contain high proportions of α‐elaeostearic acid. The TAG composition of the oils was substantiated in parallel analysis of the oils by highperformance liquid chromatography with chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection of intact TAG.
Biodegradation of sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonates evaluated with a soil perfusion method
Authors: Abe S. , Seno M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn order to explain biodegradation behavior of sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) in the soil environment, a soil perfusion method has been applied. This method is one of continuous enrichment cultures with soil. The degree of degradation of LAS was evaluated by measuring the amount of ferroin reagent active substances (FRAS) instead of methylene blue active substances (MBAS) and/or of total organic carbon (TOC) in the perfusion fluid. The biodegradation of LAS started after adsorption onto soils. At high LAS concentrations, the biodegradation occurred after some lag phase, but further added LAS was degraded readily without a lag phase. These results of biodegradation are in good agreement with those obtained from the biodegradation tests on river water and activated sludge, and reproducible results were obtained for the soil perfusion with the same soil. This proves the soil perfusion method to be a useful method for evaluation of biodegradation in the soil environment.
Evaluation of occupational dust control technology in cottonseed oil mills
Authors: Bethea R. M. , Burford C. L. , Kao J. C. , Sneed J. A. , Jacobi J. , Graci A. V. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOccupational cotton dust control technology was evaluated in 10 oil mills throughout the cotton belt of the U.S. This evaluation was restricted to mechanical portions of each mill: seed cleaning, delintering, hulling and separating, and linter baling. Based on the process machinery observed in these mills, a 500 ton/day model cottonseed oil mill was designed. The occupational dust control systems for this mill were based on current state‐of‐the‐art technology observed during this project. Further improvements based on readily available air pollution control devices have been incorporated. In order to achieve minimal respirable dust concentrations in the mill, all dust emission points have been enclosed to the maximal extent consistent with efficient plant operations. The various processing areas in the mill were designed with negative pressure dust control systems separate from the general ventilation system. The dust control system includes coarse dust removal by high‐efficiency cyclones whose effluent discharges into pulse‐jet fabric filter bag‐houses operated at an air‐to‐cloth ratio of 20:1. The emission control system for saw‐type delinter systems were divided into small units to reduce the deleterious effects of fires.
Determination of total sulfur in canola oil
Authors: Abraham V. , deMan J. M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA rapid and sensitive chromatographic method for the determination of total sulfur in canola oil is described. All forms of sulfur in the oil are quantitatively converted to sulfate in an oxygen bomb. The sulfate is separated from other ions and measured using an ion chromatograph equipped with a conductivity detector. Standards containing different forms of sulfur were prepared and analyzed with this method. Recovery achieved on 11 compounds covering the concentration range from 9.3 to 143.5 mg/kg S ranged from 95.7% to 102.2%. The coefficient of variability of total sulfur in canola oils ranged from 1.0% to 2.9%. Values obtained on high sulfur content mustard oils when plotted vs the values determined by barium precipitation method showed a correlation coefficient of 0.997 and provided a slope of 1.0. This new method employing comparatively simple equipment requires less than 40 minutes for a complete analysis and is reliable for the determination of as little as 0.5 mg/kg S in canola oil.
A new hypothesis for the bone marrow edema pathogenesis during transient osteoporosis
Authors: Negri G. , Grassi S. , Zappia M. , Cappabianca S. , Rambaldi P. F. , Mansi L. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Transient osteoporosis is an infrequent condition of uncertain etiology with pain, limited range of motion and radiographic evidence of osteoporosis affecting one or more joints. It is self-limited, reversible and can involve only the hip (transient osteoporosis of the hip, TOH) or, less frequently, one or more joints contemporaneously or at different times (regional migratory osteoporosis, RMO). We studied four men with transient osteoporosis, including two with TOH and two with RMO. All patients underwent a standard radiographic work-up of the affected joints, arteriovenous Doppler US, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-phase bone scanning. In all patients, symptoms were related to bone marrow edema demonstrated at MRI and to a transitory regional arterial hyperflow observed at the early scintigraphic analysis. On the basis of our observations, we hypothesize that regional arterial hyperflow may be the cause of the bone marrow edema and therefore of the transient osteoporosis.
Time course of thrombosis and fibrinolysis during total hip surgery
Authors: Reikerås O. , Clementsen T. , Bjørnsen S. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Venous thrombosis is common in elective hip surgery, and prophylactic treatment is used up to 12 hours before or after surgery. Recent clinical trials suggested that the timing of initiating prophylaxis significantly influenced the antithrombotic effectiveness. Furthermore, the timing of initiating antifibrinolytic treatment to reduce blood loss has been a question of debate. We studied the time course of coagulation and fibrinolysis at all phases during total hip arthroplasty. Specific markers of thrombosis (prothrombin fragment F1.2) and of fibrinolysis (plasminantiplasmin (PAP) and D-dimer) were examined in eight female and two male patients aged 16–62 years. There was a progressive increase in plasma concentrations of F1.2 during the operation. From the end of operation to 4 hours afterwards, there was no further increase in F1.2. Levels of D-dimer did not change until wound closure, when they began to increase up to 4 hours postoperatively, but there were no changes in PAP during the operation or during the 4-h postoperative period. Therefore, surgery for total hip arthroplasty activates thrombin generation during operation with fibrin degradation at a later stage. These observations harmonize with the notion that the interval between surgery and first administration of antithrombotic treatment is a critical variable.
MinSet: a general approach to derive maximally representative database subsets by using fragment dictionaries and its application to the SCOP database
Authors: Pandini Alessandro , Bonati Laura , Fraternali Franca , Kleinjung Jens 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMotivation: The size of current protein databases is a challenge for many Bioinformatics applications, both in terms of processing speed and information redundancy. It may be therefore desirable to efficiently reduce the database of interest to a maximally representative subset.Results: The MinSet method employs a combination of a Suffix Tree and a Genetic Algorithm for the generation, selection and assessment of database subsets. The approach is generally applicable to any type of string-encoded data, allowing for a drastic reduction of the database size whilst retaining most of the information contained in the original set. We demonstrate the performance of the method on a database of protein domain structures encoded as strings. We used the SCOP40 domain database by translating protein structures into character strings by means of a structural alphabet and by extracting optimized subsets according to an entropy score that is based on a constant-length fragment dictionary. Therefore, optimized subsets are maximally representative for the distribution and range of local structures. Subsets containing only 10% of the SCOP structure classes show a coverage of &gt;90% for fragments of length 1–4.Availability: Contact: jkleinj@nimr.mrc.ac.ukSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SNPchip: R classes and methods for SNP array data
Authors: Scharpf Robert B. , Ting Jason C. , Pevsner Jonathan , Ruczinski Ingo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSummary: High-density single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays (SNP chips) provide information on a subject's genome, such as copy number and genotype (heterozygosity/homozygosity) at a SNP. While fluorescence in situ hybridization and karyotyping reveal many abnormalities, SNP chips provide a higher resolution map of the human genome that can be used to detect, e.g., aneuploidies, microdeletions, microduplications and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). As a variety of diseases are linked to such chromosomal abnormalities, SNP chips promise new insights for these diseases by aiding in the discovery of such regions, and may suggest targets for intervention. The R package SNPchip contains classes and methods useful for storing, visualizing and analyzing high density SNP data. Originally developed from the SNPscan web-tool, SNPchip utilizes S4 classes and extends other open source R tools available at Bioconductor. This has numerous advantages, including the ability to build statistical models for SNP-level data that operate on instances of the class, and to communicate with other R packages that add additional functionality.Availability: The package is available from the Bioconductor web page at www.bioconductor.orgContact: ingo@jhu.eduSupplementary information: The supplementary material as described in this article (case studies, installation guidelines and R code) is available from http://biostat.jhsph.edu/~iruczins/publications/sm/