bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of self–report and clinician ratings of depression among outpatient adolescents
Authors: Reinecke Mark A. , Schultz Theresa M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo determine whether adolescents' scores on clinician‐ating and self–report scales for depression were comparable, a sample of 43 adolescent outpatients completed four objective, self–report questionnaires. Their scores on these measures were compared with each other and with clinicians' scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Correlations between the self‐report questionnaires ranged from .52 to .88 (P ± .001); whereas their correlations with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ranged from .56 to .66. While supportive of the convergent validity of these measures, our findings suggest that important differences exist between alternative measures of depression, and that scores derived from different scales may not be equivalent. Depression 3:139–145 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Double‐blind multicenter comparison of fluvoxamine versus sertraline in the treatment of depressed outpatients
Authors: Nemeroff Charles B. , Ninan Philip T. , Ballenger James , Lydiard R. Bruce , Feighner John , Patterson William M. , Greist John H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFluvoxamine and sertraline, both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), were compared in a 5‐center, 7‐week double‐blind study in outpatients with major depression diagnosed by DSM‐III‐R criteria. Ninety‐five patients were titrated from 50 to 150 mg/day offluvoxamine (n = 49) or 50 to 200 mg/day of sertraline (n = 46). The mean dose administered in Weeks 3‐1 was 123.8 mg/day for fluvoxamine, and 137.1 mg/day for sertraline. Forty‐seven percent (47%) of fluvoxamine‐treated patients and 30% of sertraline‐treated patients were titrated to the maximum permissible dose. Fluvoxamine and sertraline were similarly effective in ameliorating depression as demonstrated by a mean reduction from baseline in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) total score of 10.61 ± 7.53 and 10.98 ± 6.08, respectively. Adverse events, mostly mild to moderate in severity, were reported for 93.5% of sertraline patients and 85.7% offluvoxamine patients. The most common events in the sertraline group were insomnia (34.8%), headache (32.6%), diarrhea (23.9%), and ejaculatory difficulty (22.2% of males), and in the fluvoxamine group, nausea (30.6%), headache (26.5%), insomnia (26.5%), and somnolence (24.5%). Significantly more patients reported sexual dysfunction in the sertraline (28%) than in the fluvoxamine (10%) group. An uncharacteristically low dropout rate due to adverse events was observed in the sertraline group (2.2%) compared with the fluvoxamine group (18.4%). The rate of withdrawal due to adverse events in the fluvoxamine group (0–2 patients/center) was comparable to that in the sertraline group (1 patient) for four of the five centers; the fifth center had 4 withdrawals in the fluvoxamine group. The differences in clinical profile of these two SSRIs provide physicians with meaningful choices in antidepressant therapy attuned to individual patient characteristics. Depression 3:163–169 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased levels of alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein and interleukin‐6 in refractory depression
Authors: Sluzewska A. , Rybakowski J. K. , Sobieska M. , Bosnians E. , Pollet H. , Wiktorowicz K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPlasma concentrations of alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP), C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and soluble interleukin‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R) as well as the changes in glycosylation of AGP were measured in 60 patients with major depression hospitalized at the Department of Psychiatry, Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz, and in 20 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Thirty‐four depressed patients met the criteria of refractory depression. Patients with refractory depression (RD) had a longer duration of the illness and the last depressive episode than the responders to antidepressant treatment. RD patients had higher concentrations of AGP, CRP, IL‐6, and higher monocyte count as well as the different glycosylation patterns of AGP (higher values of reactivity coefficient, AGP‐RC) compared with non RD patients. Depressed patients who exhibited DST non‐suppression had significantly higher values of AGP than patients showing suppression on this test. These results may suggest an elevation of acute phase response in refractory depression. Depression 3:170–175 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paroxetine for bipolar depression: Outcome in patients failing prior antidepressant trials
Authors: Baldassano Claudia F. , Sachs Gary S. , Stoll Andrew L. , Lafer Beny , Truman Christine J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBipolar depression is common and often debilitating. Of particular concern are those acutely depressed bipolar patients who have not responded to previous trials of antidepressants. This investigation made use of naturalistic data collected using a standardized assessment format to determine the antidepressant efficacy and affective switch rate with paroxetine treatment far bipolar depression. The charts of 20 depressed outpatients who received paroxetine, and who met DSM‐III‐R criteria for bipolar disorder, were identified and data harvested pertaining to psychiatric history and presence of abnormal mood symptoms during treatment with paroxetine. All patients included had previously failed treatment with at least one standard antidepressant agent. The observed rates of antidepressant efficacy and treatment‐emergent mania were 65% and 10%, respectively. These results suggest that paroxetine is an effective treatment for bipolar depression and is less likely than most other antidepressant medications to induce treatment‐emergent affective switch. Depression 3:182–186 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Placebo‐controlled study of ABT‐200 versus fluoxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder
Authors: Sramek John J. , Kashkin Kenneth , Jasinsky Olga , Kardatzke David , Kennedy Sara , Cutler Neal R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractABT‐200 is a novel potential antidepressant which antagonizes both norepi‐nephrine uptake and noradrenergic a2 receptors. This single‐site study conducted over 5 months compared the safely and efficacy of ABT‐200 (titrated up to 280 mg/day) to a fixed dose offluoxetine (20 mg/day) and placebo in 216 patients meeting DSM‐III‐R criteria for major depressive disorder. Following a 1‐week placebo lead‐in phase, patients were randomized to receive ABT‐200 (n = 72), fluoxetine (n = 72), or placebo (n = 72) for 9 weeks of double‐blind treatment. At the end of the study there were no differences (P > 0.05) in HAM‐D total score changes from baseline between ABT‐200‐treated and placebo‐treated patients, whose mean scores were reduced by 4.6 points (16.8%) and 6.4 points (23.3%), respectively. Patients on fluoxetine, however, showed statistically significant improvement over placebo on total HAM‐D scores with a decrease of 8.6 points (30.5%,P < 0.05). While there were no serious adverse events thought to be related to the study drug, 36.1% of ABT‐200 patients discontinued the study due to adverse events, compared to only 5.6% of placebo patients and 4.2% offluoxetine patients. If ABT‐200 produced the spectrum of biochemical effects in humans predicted from preclinical studies, our results suggest that these actions do not lead to antidepressant effects in general depressed outpatient populations. Depression 3:199–203 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
State‐independent dysregulation of the hpa system in a patient with rapid cycling: Longitudinal evaluation of dex/hcrh test status and comparison with a non‐rapid cycling major depressive control group
Authors: Seifritz Erich , Müller Matthias J. , Hatzinger Martin , Hemmeter Ulrich , Chardon Francois , Taylor Kirsten I. , Holsboer‐Trachsler Edith 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe combined dexamethasone‐suppression/human corticotropin releasing hormone challenge (DEX/hCRH) test was repeatedly applied in a rapid cycling patient (RC) with bipolar illness during different affective states. The results were compared to a matched control group (n = 8) of non‐rapid cycling major depressive disorder patients in whom the DEX/hCRH test was applied at the beginning and end of a 6‐week antidepressant treatment program. RC had normal DEX suppression tests but exhibited exaggerated cortisol and ACTH responses to hCRH. Furthermore, RC's hormone responses were unaffected by the current clinical state (depressive, hypomanic, euthymic), and significantly exceeded the hormone responses of the control group at the beginning (acute) and the end (remitted) of their treatment. These findings suggest that severe and irreversible hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical (HPA) system dysregulation may characterize rapid cycling. Depression 3:204–208 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychodynamic study of suicide attempts in patients with personality disorders
Authors: Jessee Salley S. , Chance Susan E. , D'Orio Barbara , Edelson Deborah 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify similarities and differences in the psychodynamics of patients with personality disorders who make suicide attempts and those who are hospitalized but have never attempted suicide. Twenty patients in each cateogry were interviewed by a psychiatrist, with the interview videotaped. The videotape was used to assess clinical diagnoses and to identify the precipitant for the suicide attempt or hospital admission, the associated effects, and the psychodynamic meaning. No statistically significant between group differences on diagnoses of depressive disorders, substance abuse, severe character pathology, or presence of other DSMIII‐R Axis I psychiatric disorders were found. However, significantly more of the suicide attempters experienced acute interpersonal conflict and expressed feelings of hopelessness, whereas the affects of confusion, anxiety, sadness, and guilt unrelated to acute interpersonal conflict were significantly more associated with hospital admission for the controls. Rage toward a perceived abandoning object was an important psychodynamic factor in this group of suicide attempters, particularly in the serious attempters. Four male attempters and three female attempters, all with severe character pathology, made serious suicide attempts. Eleven of the fourteen females made low risk attempts, but an unexpected finding was that five were pregnant. The motivation for these low risk attempts in females was a maladaptive effort to communicate distress, and in the pregnant attempters also an expression of ambivalence about the pregnancy. Results of this study are of relevance in the assessment and treatment of patients with personality disorders in a variety of clinical settings. Depression 3:290–296 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation of schizoaffective bipolar disorder from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Blehar Mary C. , Faraone Stephen V. , Zeller Pamela J. , Numberger John I. , Tsuang Ming T. , Kirch Darrell , Shore David , Gershefski John M. A. , Reich Theodore , Cloninger C. Robert , Rau N. Leela , DePaulo J. Raymond , Kaufmann Charles A. , Harkavy‐Friedman Jill , Malaspina Dolores , Weise Richard E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDifferential diagnosis of patients whose course of illness includes substantial psychotic and mood syndromes is among the most challenging in psychiatry. The relative temporal preponderance of one or the other of these syndromes over course of illness forms the basis for distinctions among DSM‐III‐R diagnoses of schizoaffective disorder (SA), bipolar disorder (BPD), and schizophrenia (SZ); and such temporal assessments may be especially difficult to make reliably. Elsewhere we report relatively low reliability of SA and a tendency for it be “confused” with SZ and BPD. In this paper, we identify clinical variables that increase diagnostic differentiation. Data are from a Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) reliability study in which patients with independently assessed DSM‐III‐R lifetime diagnoses of SA‐bipolar subtype,(SA‐BP), BPD, and SZ were also clinically assessed and diagnosed by the DIGS on two occasions by two different interviewers blind to entry diagnoses. The relative strength of DIGS‐based DSM‐III‐R diagnoses and individual DIGS clinical variables in predicting entry diagnoses is shown in a series of logistic regression analyses. Models incorporating DIGS variables are more predictive of entry diagnoses than models using DIGS diagnoses alone. Based on DIGS information, the SA‐BP group is more clearly differentiated from the BPD group than from the SZ group. Different profiles of DIGS variables distinguish the groups. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for nosologic research. Depression 3:309–315 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, IncThis article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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TLR9 signaling is essential for the innate NK cell response in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Liese Jan , Schleicher Ulrike , Bogdan Christian 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMice deficient for the TLR adaptor molecule MyD88 succumb to a local infection with Leishmania (L.) major. However, the TLR(s) that contribute to the control of this intracellular parasite remain to be defined. Here, we show that TLR9 was required for the induction of IL‐12 in bone marrow‐derived DC by intact L. major parasites or L. major DNA and for the early IFN‐γ expression and cytotoxicity of NK cells following infection with L. major in vivo. During the acute phase of infection TLR9–/– mice exhibited more severe skin lesions and higher parasite burdens than C57BL/6 wild‐type controls. Although TLR9 deficiency led to a transient increase of IL‐4, IL‐13 and arginase 1 mRNA and a reduced expression of iNOS at the site of infection and in the draining lymph nodes, it did not prevent the development of Th1 cells and the ultimate resolution of the infection. We conclude that TLR9 signaling is essential for NK cell activation, but dispensable for a protective T cell response to L. major in vivo.
Defective Artemis nuclease is characterized by coding joints with microhomology in long palindromic‐nucleotide stretches
Authors: van der Burg Mirjam , Verkaik Nicole S. , den Dekker Alexander T. , Barendregt Barbara H. , Pico‐Knijnenburg Ingrid , Tezcan Ilhan , vanDongen Jacques J. M. , van Gent Dik C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractT–B–NK+ severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is caused by a defect in V(D)J recombination. A subset of these patients has a mutation in one of the non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) genes, most frequently the Artemis gene. Artemis is involved in opening of hairpin‐sealed coding ends. The low levels of residual Dh‐Jh junctions that could be amplified from patients’ bone marrow precursor B cells showed high numbers of palindromic (P)‐nucleotides. In 25% of junctions, microhomology was observed in the P‐nucleotide regions, whereas this phenomenon was never observed in junctions amplified from bone marrow precursor B cells from healthy controls. We utilized this difference between Artemis‐deficient cells and normal controls to develop a V(D)J recombination assay to determine hairpin‐opening activity. Mutational analysis of the Artemis gene confirmed and extended the mapping of an N‐terminal nuclease active site, which contains several indispensable aspartate residues. C‐terminal deletion mutants did not show such severe defects in the V(D)J recombination assay using transient overexpression of (mutated) Artemis protein. However, a C‐terminal deletion mutation causes T–B–NK+ SCID, indicating that the Artemis C terminus is essential for V(D)J recombination at the normal Artemis expression level. The V(D)J recombination assays used in this study contribute to the diagnostic strategy for T–B–NK+ SCID patients.
Phenotypic analysis of human CD4+ T cells specific for immediate early 63 protein of varicella‐zoster virus
Authors: Jones Louise , Black Antony P. , Malavige Gathsaurie N. , Ogg Graham S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOpen reading frame 63 of varicella‐zoster Virus (VZV) encodes an immediate early (IE) phosphoprotein (IE63) that is believed to be important for viral infectivity and establishing latency. Evidence suggests that VZV‐specific T cells are crucial in the control of viral replication; however, data addressing the existence of IE63 protein‐specific CD4+ T cells are limited. Using IFN‐γ immunosorbent assays, we identified high frequencies of responses to overlapping peptides spanning the IE63 protein both ex vivo and after in vitro restimulation in healthy VZV‐seropositive individuals. We identified a commonly recognised epitope, restricted by HLA‐DRB1*1501, which was naturally processed and presented by keratinocytes. We proceeded to investigate the frequency and phenotype of the epitope‐specific CD4+ T cells using HLA class II tetrameric complexes. Epitope‐specific CD4+ T cells were detectable ex vivo and showed a mixed central and effector‐memory differentiation phenotype, with a significant proportion showing evidence of recent activation and rapid effector function. In summary these data implicate persistent low‐level or recurrent VZV antigen exposure in healthy immune donors and are compatible with a role for IE63‐specific CD4+ T cells in the control of viral reactivation.
Toll‐like receptors’ two‐edged sword: when immunity meets apoptosis
Authors: Salaun Bruno , Romero Pedro , Lebecque Serge 
Published: November 2007

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLR) have emerged as key players in the detection of pathogens and the induction of anti‐microbial immune response. TLR recognize pathogen‐associated molecular patterns, and trigger anti‐microbial innate immune responses ranging from the secretion of pro‐inflammatory mediators to the increase of natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Besides activating the innate immune response, TLR engagement also shapes the adaptive immune response. Indeed, the broad diversity of signaling pathways initiated by TLR is progressively unraveled. Recent reports suggested that among the anti‐microbial defenses they initiate, members of the TLR family can induce apoptosis. This review focuses on this newly described function of TLR, and emphasizes the similarities and differences between the different apoptosis‐signaling pathways described downstream of TLR. The functional relevance of TLR‐triggered apoptosis is also discussed, as therapeutic applications are likely to ensue in the near future.
IFN‐β protects from vascular leakage via up‐regulation of CD73
Authors: Kiss Jan , Yegutkin Gennady G. , Koskinen Kaisa , Savunen Timo , Jalkanen Sirpa , Salmi Marko 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChanges in endothelial permeability are crucial in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Adenosine is one of the endogenous mediators controlling endothelial permeability under normal conditions, and an endothelial cell surface enzyme CD73 is a key regulator of adenosine production. Here we report that IFN‐β is a novel inducer of CD73. We found that pretreatment with IFN‐β dramatically improved the vascular barrier function in lungs after intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion injury in wild‐type animals in vivo. IFN‐β had absolutely no protective effects in CD73‐deficient mice, which suffered from more severe lung damage than wild‐type mice, showing that IFN‐β functions strictly in a CD73‐dependent manner. Most importantly, IFN‐β treatment initiated after the ischemic period almost completely inhibited vascular leakage during the reperfusion. IFN‐β also induced the expression and activity of CD73 and concurrently decreased vascular permeability in cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells. These data show that induction of CD73 and improvement of vascular barrier are new mechanisms for the anti‐inflammatory action of IFN‐β. Moreover, IFN‐β treatment may be useful in alleviating vascular leakage induced by ischemia‐reperfusion injury.
A Cyclobutadiene Intermediate in the Intramolecular Cycloaddition of 4,15‐Bis(phenylethynyl)[2.2]paracyclophane
Authors: Kubitschke Jens , Hopf Henning , Jones Peter G. , Dix Ina , Ernst Ludger 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe pseudo‐geminally substituted paracyclophane 4,5‐bis(phenylethynyl)[2.2]paracyclophane (13) was prepared and its photochemical behaviour in solution was studied. Irradiation with a medium‐pressure mercury lamp converts 13 into two dimers: cyclooctatetraene 14 and bicyclo[4.2.0]octatriene derivative 15. The structures of both the substrate and the photolysis products were determined by the usual spectroscopic methods and also by X‐ray structural analysis; an unusually long C–C bond of 1.659 Å opposite the double bond in the cyclobutene ring of 15 was found. It is suggested that product formation involves cyclobutadiene 16 as an intermediate. Photolysis of 13 in the presence of pentacarbonyliron furnishes cyclopentadienone complex 19 in quantitative yield. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Palladium‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Addition of Organic Halides and Terminal Alkynes to 7‐Oxabenzonorbornadiene: An Efficient Route to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Kuo Chun‐Jung , Cheng Shu‐Jin , Chang Shu‐Ting , Liu Charng‐Hsing 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA three‐component coupling reaction of organic halides with oxabicyclic alkenes and terminal alkynes was catalyzed by a palladium complex and a phase‐transfer agent in the presence of aqueous NaOH. The reaction gave a series of 5,6‐disubstituated 7‐oxabenzonorbornene derivatives in good yields. The disubstituted products from oxabenzonorbornadiene can be readily converted into polyaromatic hydrocarbons by a Lewis acid mediated deoxyaromatization reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Metathesis Reactions of Formaldehyde Acetals – Experimental and Computational Investigation of Isomeric Families of Cyclophanes under Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Cacciapaglia Roberta , Di Stefano Stefano , Mandolini Luigi , Mencarelli Paolo , Ugozzoli Franco 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe acid‐catalyzed transacetalation of cyclophane formaldehyde acetals incorporating m‐xylylene units (m‐Ci) generates a well behaved dynamic library of oligomeric macrocycles. Effective Molarities (EM) relating to the formation of the lower cyclic oligomers (i = 2–4) were estimated from equilibrium concentrations measured under conditions closely approaching the critical monomer concentration. Comparison with available EM data relating to the formation of the isomeric paracyclophanes p‐Ci shows that the metacyclophanes m‐Ci are considerably more stable, the stability difference being particularly significant for i = 2. Molecular modeling indicated that incorporation of COCOC moieties in the cyclic structures enforces deviations from the most stable g+g+/g–g– conformation. Consistently with experimental results, such deviations are at a maximum for the dimeric paracyclophane p‐C2, and tend to decrease with increasing ring size in both series. Molecular modeling also showed that the stability of the heterodimer m,p‐C2 is comparable to that of m‐C2, which is again in agreement with the results of a cross‐experiment in which a mixture of m‐C2 and p‐C2 was allowed to equilibrate.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)