bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The d2‐M(NR)2 Fragment, High Valent and Low Valent Organometallic Equivalents, and an Unusual Mode of Ethylene Complexation
Authors: Radius Udo , Hoffmann Roald 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report approximate molecular orbital calculations on models of the ethylene complex W(NMes)2(PMe3)2(η2‐C2H4) 1. The ethylene unit in 1 is oriented perpendicular to the equatorial plane – an unusual orientation for trigonal bipyramidal L4M‐(η2‐C2H4) complexes. In order to understand the bonding in 1, the tungsten fragment W(NR)2L2 is discussed in some detail and we compare the “high valent” ethylene complex 1 and the “low valent” olefin complex Fe(CO)4(η2‐C2H4). An analysis of π‐bonding shows that the metal nitrogen bond in the cis,‐[M(NR)2] unit is less than a triple bond, and the d2‐[M(NR)L2] fragment is more like a 16 than an 18 valence electron fragment. The nature of the occupied d‐orbital explains the opening of the angle E–M–E in trigonal bipyramidal complexes d2‐cis‐M(E)2L3. Both C2v fragments d2‐W(NR)2L2 and d8‐Fe(CO)4 have characteristic frontier orbitals, qualitatively similar to the frontier orbitals of CH2. These orbitals guide the ethylene ligand into or out of the equatorial plane. The general analysis leads to the conclusion that dn (n > O) “high valent” complex fragments are actually better back‐bonding donors for π‐acidic ligands. For 1, we detect also another mininum on the energy surface – the olefin ligand is now oriented parallel to the equatorial plane. This raises the fascinating possibilities of the existence of multiple conformational minima for some transition metal ethylene complexes.
Alkylammonium Hexachlorometallates, IV. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Bis(1,4‐diammoniobutane) Diaquahydrogen Hexachlororhodate(III) Dichloride, [H3N–(CH2)4– NH3]2[H5O2][RhCl6]Cl2
Authors: Frank Walter , Reiß Guido J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBis(1,4‐diammoniobutane) diaquahydrogen hexachlorohodate(III) dichloride, [H3N–(CH2)4 –NH3]2[H5O2][RhCl6]Cl2 (1), was synthesized by the reaction of rhodium(III) chloride with 1,4‐diaminobutane dihydrochloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid. The red compound slowly decomposes at room temperature, but is stable for months and up to 106°C (DTA) under hydrogen chloride. Crystals of 1 were obtained by diffusion‐controlled crystallization (space group P,1¯). The solid‐state structure can be considered as a sequence of layers linked by hydrophobic interactions between the aliphatic chains of the 1,4‐diammoniobutane ions. Within these layers the hydrophilic building blocks (hexachlororhodate and chloride anions, the diaquahydrogen cations and the ammonio groups of the diammoniobutane cations) are connected by a complex system of OHCl and NHCl hydrogen bonds. The H5O2+ ion has a crystallographically imposed Ci symmetry and shows the typical 1:1 disorder of the central hydrogen atom for a symmetrically strong [OO 2.406(10) Å] doubleminimum potential O–H–O bond.
The Synthesis, Structural Analysis and Magnetic Properties of a New Mixed Metal Ferrite Ba3Fe24Ti7O53
Authors: Adams Richard D. , Layland Ralph , Payen Christophe 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new mixed metal titanate Ba3Fe24Ti7O53, 1 was obtained by heating stoichiometRic mixtures of BaCO3, Fe3O4 and TiO2 to 1375°C for 48 h. Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal x‐ray diffraction analysis. Two of the barium ions lie in a network of channels in the bc crystallographic plane. The iron and titanium atoms were refined in a random distribution in 16 independent MO6 octahedral sites and 2 MO4 tetrahedral sites. Magnetization measurements reveal a strong magnetic ordering up to 600 K. M vs. H loop measurements show no hysteresis effects.
The Phosphonate‐Phosphate‐ and Phosphate‐Phosphonate Rearrangement and Their Applications, 4. Deprotonation of Secondary Benzylic Phosphates — Configurationally Stabile Benzylic Carbanions with a Diethoxyphosphoryloxy Substituent and Their Rearrangement to Optically Active Tertiary α‐Hydroxyphosphonates
Authors: Hammerschmidt Friedrich , Schmidt Susanne 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOptically active alcohols (ee ≥ 98%) such as 1‐phenylpropanol, 1‐(2‐naphthyl)ethanol, 1‐tetralol, and 1‐indanol were transformed into diethyl phosphates 7a–d. sBuLi/TMEDA — induced phosphate—phosphonate rearrangement in diethyl ether furnished tertiary α‐hydroxyphosphonates 8a–d of high enantiomeric purity (ee 94–98%) in yields of 43–83% with retention of configuration. The enantiomeric excesses were determined by using homochiral t‐butyl(phenyl)phosphinothioic acid as chiral solvating agent.
Reactions of (CF3)2BNMe2 with ω‐Halonitriles — Crystal and Molecular Structure of [cyclo‐C3H4(CN)](CF3)2B·NHMe2
Authors: Brauer David J. , Bürger Hans , Dittmar Thomas , Pawelke Gottfried 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDimethylaminobis(trifluoromethyl)borane, (CF3)2BNMe2 (A), reacts with Cl(CH2)3CN to yield [Cl(CH2)2CH(CN)](CF3)2B·NHMe2 (1) whereas Br(CH2)3CN and A combine in a 1:2 ratio to form [cyclo‐C3H4(CN)](CF3)2B·NHMe2 (2) and Br(CF3)2B·NHMe2. Br(CH2)nCN and A yield [Br(CH2)n‐1 CH‐(CN)](CF3)2B·NHMe2, n=4 (3), n=5 (4) and n=6 (5). Compound 2 and (NCCH2)CF3)2B·NHMe2 can be alkylated at nitrogen with CH3I/KOH in ether to yield [cyclo‐C3H4(CN)]‐(CF3)2B·NMe3 (6) and (NCCH2)(CF3)2B·NMe3 (7), respectively. treatment of 1 and 3 with hydroxide in ether gives the respective five‐ and six‐membered heterocycles (CF3)2 (8) and (9). Reduction of the nitrile group with (iBu)2Alh in CH2Cl2 at –50°C followed by hydrolysis furnishes the corresponding aldehydes (OCHCH2) (CF3)2B·NMe3 (10), [cyclo‐C3H4(CHO)](CF3)2B·NMe3 (11) and (12). The structure of 2 was determined by an X‐ray investigation.
Tripod‐Rhodium‐COD‐Komplexe: Synthese, Struktur, Dynamik und Katalyse
Authors: Scherer Johannes , Huttner Gottfried , Walter Olaf , Janssen Bernd Christian , Zsolnai Laszlo 
Published: July 2007

Tripod Rhodium COD Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Dynamics and CatalysisThe reaction of the tripod ligands R′C(CH2PR2)3 (1a–c) and X2POCH[CH2P(Ph)2]2 (2a–c) with [RhI(COD)Cl]2] is investigated. It yields tripod rhodium COD complexes [(1a–c)RhI(COD)]Y (3a–c) and [(2a–c)RhI(COD)]Y [4a–c; Y = B(Ph)4, PF6]. The tripod ligand is coordinated by all three donor groups in each case, irrespective of the different donor capabilities of the coordinating groups. The solid state structure of compounds 3a–c and 4a is determined by X‐ray analysis. The observed coordination polyhedra delineate the variation from the idealized trigonal bipyramide to an idealized quadratic pyramide. In solution the analysis of the NMR spectra shows a rapid intramolecular interconversion according to a turnstile pseudo rotation. The complexes 3a and 4a are found to be catalysts for the hydrogenation of prochiral olefines.
A Theoretical Investigation of Cycloadditions of Hydrogen Isocyanide to CH2X and PHX Dipolarophiles (X = CH2, NH, O, SiH2, PH, S)
Authors: Nguyen Minh Tho , Keer Annik Van , Vanquickenborne Luc G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe performed a systematic investigation of [2 + 1] cycloadditions of HNC to dipolarophiles of the type CH2X and PHX with XCH2, NH, O, SiH2, PH, and S, as well as HNNH and H2SiSiH2. Ab initio MO calculations at the QCISD(T)/6‐311G(d,p)/MP2/6‐31G(d,p)+ZPE level were applied to construct the minimum‐energy reaction pathways. Calculated results concerning the regiochemistry of the approaches and the stereochemistry of the product formation were analyzed in relation with established concepts such as frontier orbital, net charge distribution and stereoelectronic effect. For some systems, up to four distinct transition structures for cycloaddition were found. In general, there is a certain similarity between the behavior of both C and P series of dipolarophiles. The characteristics of the transition structures can be, in most cases, recovered by using qualitative concepts. The [2 + 1] cycloadditions are highly regioselective and stereospecific. Silicon‐containing dipolarophiles are particularly attractive as they exhibit very small energy barriers to addition to isocyanides.
Chemical Interconversions in the System TP*Zn/CO2/Alcohol [Tp* = Substituted Tris(pyrazolyl)borate]
Authors: Ruf Michael , Schell Friedrich Alexander , Walz Rainer , Vahrenkamp Heinrich 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe zinc hydroxide complexes Tp*Zn–OH with TpCum,Me = tris(3‐cumenyl‐5‐methylpyrazolyl)borate and TptBu,Me = tris(3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐methylpyrazolyl)borate can be converted to the alkyl carbonate complexes Tp*Zn–OCOOR by reaction with dialkyl dicarbonates or with alcohol and CO2. An alternative formation reaction is the treatment of the pyrazolyl borate with zinc perchlorate and potassium carbonate in alcohol. The interconversion between TpCum,MeZn–OH and TpCum,MeZn–OCOOMe in methanol‐containing solution can be repeatedly performed in both directions by bubbling either CO2 or N2 through the solution. The alkyl carbonate complexes show a variable sensitivity towards hydrolytic destruction with reformation of the hydroxide complexes. The complexes TptBu,MeZn–OCOOR (R = Me, Et) release CO2 under high vacuum to form the alkoxide complexes TptBu,Me‐Zn–OR, which could not be obtained pure due to their extreme water sensitivity. Indirect evidence for their existence is also obtained by the reaction between TpCum,MeZn–OCOOMe and methyl iodide, forming TpCum,MeZn–I and dimethyl ether. The Zinc hydroxide complexes catalyse the formation of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and CO2.
Lithium 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidinoselenolate: An Unsymmetrical Dimer with an Unusually Coordinated Lithium
Authors: Nothegger Thomas , Wurst Klaus , Probst Michael , Sladky Fritz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide inserts elemental selenium into its Li–N bond with the formation of lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinoselenolate 1. In the crystal 1 is an unsymmetric dimer. One lithium atom is coordinated tetrahedrally by two molecules of tetrahydrofuran and two selenium atoms, the other lithium atom exhibits an approximately rectangular‐planar coordination by two N,Se‐chelating groups. The lithium atoms are bridged by two selenium atoms thus forming a planar Li2Se2 core. Ab initio Hartree‐Fock calculations show 1 and the hypothetical symmetric dimer 2 to be of equal energy, whereas the non‐chelated dimer 3 is of distinctly higher energy. Exclusive crystallization of 1 is most likely a consequence of its large dipole moment of 6.18 D. Calculations also show that the deformation of the observed geometry around the uniquely coordinated lithium atom in 1 towards distorted tetrahedral or complete planarity leads to an increase of energy. Excessive charge transfer from selenium to nitrogen explains the overwhelming tendency for the N,Se‐chelating bonding.
Pyrazolate‐Based Oligonuclear Copper and Silver Complexes with N/S Coordination Spheres
Authors: Meyer Franc , Jacobi Albrecht , Zsolnai Laszlo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA series of pyrazole‐based potential ligands bearing thioether substituents in 3‐ and 5‐positions of the heterocycle was synthesized [3,5‐bis(RSCH2)‐pyzH R=Ph (1aH), PhCH2 (1bH), iPr (1cH), tBu (1dH)]. These ligands afford oligonuclear Cu1 and Ag1 coordination compounds [LCu]x (2a–c, L = 1a ‐ c) and [LAg]x (3a‐d, L = 1a‐d), respectively. The single crystal X‐ray analysis of 3c shows the presence of trimeric planar arrays of N,N′‐bridging pyrazolates and linear coordinated silver ions, with each two of the trinuclear moieties being linked by two unsupported short intermolecular Ag…Ag contacts [3.041(1) Å]. Molecular‐weight determinations for 2a (THF) and 3c (toluene) indicate that hexanuclear entities are preserved in solution. Starting from 1bH the CuII complex [(1b)2Cu2](BF4)2 (4) was synthesized. According to an X‐ray crystal structure analysis it consists of dinuclear molecules with two bridging pyrazolates, distorted square planar N2S2 coordination spheres for Cu11 and an axially bridging tetrafluoroborate. Magnetic susceptibility data reveal an antiferromagnetic exchange (J = ‐206 cm−1) that is among the highest found for doubly pyrazolate bridged dicopper(II) complexes, which is rationalized on the basis of the rather symmetric dinuclear core of 4. The irreversibility of the electrochemical reduction and oxidation processes for the CuII and CuI compounds, respectively, is explained by the inability of the respective coordination framework to adapt to different geometric preferences.
Synthesis and Reactions of Bis (4,5‐benzo‐1,3‐dioxa‐2‐phospholano)dichlormethane
Authors: Krill Jochen , Shevehenko Igor V. , Fischer Axel , Jones Peter G. , Schmutzler Reinhard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe title compound 3 was formed in the reaction of Cl2PCCl2PCl2 (2) with catechol in the presence of triethylamine. The reaction of 3 with tetrachloro‐o‐benzoquinone (TOB), 4, led to the σ3P/σ5P‐species 5, and the σ5P/σ5P‐species 6a/6b. 5 was stable only in solution, and its existence and identity are postulated on the basis of its 31P‐NMR spectrum. The structure of 6a/6b could not be assigned unambiguously to one isomer. The reaction of 6a/6b with water yielded the phosphorate 10. The structures of 3 and 10 were determined by single crystal X‐ray methods. A wide PCP angle (123.2°) was observed in 3. The cation of 10 is a centrosymmetric, protonated DMF dimer with OO 241.3 pm.
Olefin Carbonylation Catalysis with Cationic Palladium Complexes: Selectivity and Possible Intermediates
Authors: Sperrle Martin , Consiglio Giambattista 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPalladium complexes L2PdX2 containing various group Va ligands and weakly coordinating anions are active catalysts for the carbonylation of olefin substrates. These catalytic systems, though gaining significance in industry for the synthesis of polyketones, are normally characterised by a low chemoselectivity. This derives from the numerous possibilities for initiation and termination reactions which lead to different catalytic cycles and from facile multiple alternating insertion reactions of olefins and carbon monoxide. Based on experiments carried out under conditions of low selectivity and on previously published data, the factors involved in the control of the regio‐, chemo‐ and stereoselectivity for those reactions are discussed, taking current ideas and model studies involving the above palladium complexes into consideration.
1‐Hexene Hydroformylation with the Rhodium (I) Triphosphane Complex [Rh(CO){PhP(CH2CH2PPh2)2}]PF6: An In Situ Study Using High‐Pressure NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Bianchini Claudio , Meli Andrea , Peruzzini Maurizio , Vizza Francesco , Frediani Piero 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation of 1‐hexene in THF with the linear triphosphane PhP(CH2CH2PPh2)2 [PP,] has been studied both in situ and in high‐pressure autoclaves. Sapphire NMR tubes with titanium valves have proved useful for studying the in situ reactions under conditions of relatively high syngas pressure (30–90 atm H,/CO) and temperature (60–100 C). Under conditions conducive to effective hydroformylation, the catalyst precursor [ (PP,)Rh(CO)]+ is quantitatively converted to the dicarbonyl [ (PP,)Rh(CO),]+, which is also the termination product of the catalysis. Irrespective of the syngas composition and of the total pressure, the dicarbonyl complex is the only phosphorus‐containing species detectable on the NMR time‐scale during the course of the isomerization and hydroformylation of the alkene. The PP2‐Rh catalytic system exhibits some peculiar features that may be summarized as follows. (i) Very high partial pressures of CO (120 atm) neither inhibit the hydroformylation nor affect the n/i selectivity; (ii) alkene hydrogenation occurs neither at very high partial pressures of H, (120 atm) nor in the absence of added CO; (iii) the isomerization rate is slightly faster than that of hydroformylation; (iv) terminal and internal alkenes (2‐, 3‐hexenes) are hydroformylated with comparable rates. Various control experiments have been carried out using in‐situ NMR, as well as batch experiments under different reaction conditions or with different catalyst precursors. Despite these extensive studies, unambiguous conclusions about the catalysis mechanism have not been reached. In particular, the possibility that different catalysts may be operative depending on the reaction conditions cannot be ruled out. The hydroformylation results rule out the involvement of phosphane‐free “Rh‐CO” catalysts, even under conditions of very high partial pressure of CO, and point to “(PP,)Rh(CO),” catalysts with small steric hindrance over the whole range of syngas pressures investigated.
Synthesis Structure and Photoluminescence of 1,2‐Disila‐acenaphthene Si2C10H10 and 1,2‐Diaryldisilane Reference Compounds
Authors: Södner Marcus , Sandor Mario , Schier Annette , Schmidbaur Hubert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor the synthesis of the diaryldisilanes Ar–SiH2SiH2–Ar (1a, Ar = phenyl; 1b, Ar = p‐tolyl 1c, Ar = mesityl; 1d, Ar = p‐anisyl) two convenient preparative routes are reported. The crystal structures of 1c and 1d have been determined in X‐ray diffraction studies; the disilanes have a staggered transconformation with a crystallographically imposed center of inversion. For 1a–d no photoluminescence phenomena can be observed. 1,2‐Disila‐acenaphthene (2) is synthesized in acceptable yield by treatment of 1,8‐dilithionaphthalene with 1 equivalent of 1,2‐bis[((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy]disilane Tf–SiH2SiH2–Tf. The crystal structure of 2 has been determined by X‐ray diffraction. The molecule has no crystallographically imposed symmetry but closely follows the symmetry elements of points group C2v. Solutions of 2 exhibit intense fluorescence in the near UV region at room temperature. The fluorescence spectra are discussed in comparison with data on acenaphthene and naphthalene.
Dichotomy in the Reactivity of Trivalent Phosphorus Compounds Z3P (Z = Ph, nBu, OR) Observed in the Photoreaction with a Ruthenium Complex
Authors: Yasui Shinro , Tsujimoto Munekazu , Shioji Kosei , Ohno Atsuyoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSolutions of tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) dichloride (Ru2+) and various types of trivalent phosphorus compounds Z3P (Z = Ph, n‐Bu, OR; 1) in methanol have been photolyzed with visible light at 20 °C under an argon atmosphere, resulting in the oxidation of 1 to the corresponding pentavalent oxo compounds Z3PO and ligand exchange of Ru2+ with 1. The former process takes place via single‐electron transfer (SET) from 1 to Ru2+ in the photoexcited state, Ru2+*, which generates the radical cation intermediate Z3P.+ from 1. The latter results from nucleophilic attack of 1 upon Ru2+*. The results show that 1 can act either as an electron donor or as a nucleophile toward Ru2+*. The rate constants for both processes are estimated. An excellent linear correlation is found between the logarithm of the SET rate and the oxidation potential for both the aromatic and aliphatic trivalent phosphorus comparison with SET quenching by amines. On the other hand, a dualparameter correlation analysis shows that the ligand exchange is regulated by both steric and electronic factor in 1.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Tetrakis(O,O‐phosphorus)‐Bridged Calix[4]resorcinols and Their Derivatives
Authors: Vollbrecht Alexander , Neda Ion , Thönnessen Holger , Jones Peter G. , Schmutzler Reinhard , Harris Robin K. , Crowe Lindsey A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of the reactive tetrakis (O,O‐phosphorus)‐Bridged calix[4]resorcinols 3 and 4 is described. Because of its poor solubility in common organic solvents, a solid‐state NMR investigation of 3 (1H, 13C, 31P) was conducted. Reaction of 3 with MeMgl, Me3 SiMNe2, and HNMe2 furnished the η3γ3P‐substituted cavitands 5 and 6. Oxidative addition reactions of 6 with the (H2N)2C(=O)/H2O2 (1:1) adduct, tetrachloro‐o‐benzoquinone (TOB), and hexafluoroacetone (HFA) led to the η4γ5P derivative 7, and to the η5γ5P derivatives 8 and 9. An X‐ray crystal‐structure determination of the tetrakis(O,O‐phosphorus)‐bridged calix[4]resorcinol 4 has been conduced. The framework displays the cone conformation; the chlorine atoms are directed inwards.
Halogenation of 1‐Ethoxy‐1‐oxophosphindolin‐3‐one, a Potential Phosphaindigo Precursor
Authors: Vollbrecht Sebastian , Ruthe Frank , Jones Peter G. , Mont Wolf‐Walther Du , Grahn Walter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe bromination of 1‐ethoxy‐1‐oxophosphindolin‐3‐one (1) with two equivalents oi bromine occurs with elimination of hydrogen bromide and ethyl bromide, providing 2,2‐di‐ bromo‐1‐hydroxy‐1‐oxophosphindolin‐3‐one (4) in high yield. In the presence of triethylamine this process leads to 2,2‐dibromo‐1‐ethoxy‐1‐Oxophosphindolin‐3‐one (3) instead. Triethylamine deprotonates 4, providing the solid triethylammonium salt 5. Silylation of 4 with chlorotrimethylsilane leads to the trimethylsilyl ester 6. Monobromination in a two‐phase reaction allows the isolation of a mixture of isomers of 2‐bromo‐1‐ethoxy‐1‐oxophosphindolin‐3‐one (2a, b). Chlorination with chlorine furnishes 2,2‐dichloro‐1‐ethoxy‐1‐oxo‐phosphindolin‐3‐one (7). The new compounds 2–7 were characterized analytically and spectroscopically (EI‐MS, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR). The crystal structure of acid 4 was determined by X‐ray diffraction. Solid 4 consists of aryl stacks connected by chains of POH…O==P hydrogen bonds and secondary Br…Br contacts.
A new impedance‐transformation property and its applications to switching‐diode Q‐factor measurements
Authors: Morawski Tadeusz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new property of impedance transformation is presented that can be applied to semiconductor switching‐diode Q factor measurements. The only parameter that must be known for the diode holder and the diode package is the efficiency of the energy transmission from the source of the signal to the semiconductor junction.
A graph theoretical interpretation of nonsymmetric permutation on sparse matrices
Authors: Sangiovanni‐Vincentelli A. L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn the tableau approach to large‐electrical‐network analysis, as well as in structure analysis, the finite‐element method, linear programming etc., a very sparse linear algebraic set of equations Ax = b has to be solved repeatedly. To efficiently solve the system via Gaussian elimination, an optimization problem has to be faced: the selection of a pivot strategy to maintain the sparsity of the matrix A. It is possible also to follow a different strategy to fully exploit the sparsity of A, i.e. to transform A into an equivalent but more convenient form. Both of these problems have been studied and partially solved by means of directed graphs associated with A when symmetric permutations on A are allowed.In this paper, a graph theoretical interpretation has been given to nonsymmetric permutations on A, which can be considered a fundamental step towards the solution of the above‐mentioned optimization problems. This interpretation is obtained through decomposition theorems on nonsymmetric permutations, correspondence theorems between column (row) permutations and topological operations on a directed graph representing A.
A theory of nonenergic N‐ports
Authors: Wyatt J. L. , Chua L. O. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA circuit element is nonenergic if the instantaneous power flow into it is always zero. Well‐known examples include the ideal diode, transformer, gyrator and circulator. Most of the interesting nonenergic elements are nonlinear N‐ports with N ⩾ 2, and many of their properties are quite counterintuitive. For example, there exists a surprisingly large class of nonenergic multiport capacitors and inductors, all of which, it turns out, are nonlinear and reciprocal. Nonenergic linear N‐ports, on the other hand, are necessarily resistive and antireciprocal.In this paper, we present a rigorous fundamental theory of nonenergic N‐ports that results in a general canonical representation. Special canonical forms are developed for nonenergic resistors, capacitors and inductors, and numerous examples are given.