bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audio Distraction for Traction Pin Insertion
Authors: Albersheim Melissa , Huyke-Hernández Fernando A. , Doxey Stephen A. , Parikh Harsh R. , Boden Allison L. , Hernández-Irizarry Roberto C. , Horrigan Patrick B. , Quinnan Stephen M. , Cunningham Brian P. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Insertion of a skeletal traction pin in the distal femur or proximal tibia can be a painful and unpleasant experience for patients with a lower-extremity fracture. The purpose of this study was to determine whether providing patients with audio distraction (AD) during traction pin insertion can help to improve the patient-reported and the physician-reported experience and decrease pain and/or anxiety during the procedure.

Methods:
A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted at 2 level-I trauma centers. Patients ≥18 years of age who were conscious and oriented and had a medical need for skeletal traction were included. Patients were randomized to receive AD or not receive AD during the procedure. All other procedure protocols were standardized and were the same for both groups. Surveys were completed by the patient and the physician immediately following the procedure. Patients rated their overall experience, pain, and anxiety during the procedure, and physicians rated the difficulty of the procedure, both on a 1-to-10 Likert scale.

Results:
A total of 54 patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-eight received AD and 26 did not. Femoral fractures were the most common injury (33 of 55, 60.0%). Baseline demographic characteristics did not differ between the 2 groups. The overall patient-reported procedure experience was similar between the AD and no-AD groups (3.9 ± 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.1 to 4.7] versus 3.5 ± 2.2 [95% CI, 2.9 to 4.1], respectively; p = 0.55), as was pain (5.3 ± 3.2 [95% CI, 4.4 to 6.2] versus 6.1 ± 2.4 [95% CI, 5.4 to 6.8]; p = 0.28). However, anxiety levels were lower in the AD group (4.8 ± 3.3 [95% CI, 3.9 to 5.7] versus 7.1 ± 2.8 [95% CI, 6.3 to 7.9]; p = 0.007). Physician-reported procedure difficulty was similar between the groups (2.6 ± 2.0 [95% CI, 2.1 to 3.1] versus 2.8 ± 1.7 [95% CI, 2.3 to 3.3]; p = 0.69).

Conclusions:
AD is a practical, low-cost intervention that may reduce patient anxiety during lower-extremity skeletal traction pin insertion.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Radiographic Thigh Muscle Measurements Are a Reliable Predictor of Psoas Area and Sarcopenia
Authors: Lurie Benjamin , Nelson Karen , Pietryga Janel , Urness Daniel , Daubs Michael , Kubiak Erik , Surina Jeff 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Sarcopenia is associated with falls, fractures, postoperative complications such as periprosthetic joint infections and dislocations, and early mortality. Although cross-sectional imaging is currently used to diagnose sarcopenia, inexpensive and widely available screening tests are needed. The goal of this study was to investigate whether measurements of thigh muscles made on radiographs can predict psoas muscle area and the presence of sarcopenia as determined on computed tomography (CT) scans.

Methods:
A retrospective radiographic review was performed to measure thigh muscle area in the coronal and sagittal planes using the differential in soft-tissue attenuation. Psoas muscle area on CT at L3 and L4 served as the gold standard for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The correlation between thigh muscle and psoas muscle areas was determined, and multivariable models were developed to identify predictors of psoas muscle area and sarcopenia.

Results:
Four hundred and fourteen patients (252 male, 162 female) were identified. Seventy-six (18.4%) of the patients had an L4 psoas muscle area below the sex-specific cutoff value for sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia on abdominal CT had significantly smaller thigh muscle measurements on all radiographic views. The mean and standard deviation of the thigh muscle measurements were determined for the entire cohort and for patients with sarcopenia, as well as for adults aged 18 to 40 years without sarcopenia to provide normative reference values. The intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.8 for all radiographic measurements. The anteroposterior-view measurement of thigh muscle width and lateral-view measurement of quadriceps height were identified as independent predictors of both psoas muscle area and sarcopenia.

Conclusions:
Measurements of thigh muscle size made on radiographs can predict both psoas muscle area and sarcopenia. These measurements are a reliable and readily available screening tool to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia in the orthopaedic population.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of Different Concentrations of Sulphur on the Economic Yield of Three Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum) Varieties
Authors: Ameen Nimrah , Muhammad Murad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Chickpea is a major pulse crop in Pakistan, where it is grown from high-yield seeds in soil with plenty of water and all the necessary nutrients. Sulphur is the fourth major nutrient essential for biosynthesis, metabolism, and chlorophyll production. The high levels of sulphur create ideal conditions for growing crops, boosting their vitality, growth rate, and yields. The experiment was conducted at the field of University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan, to examine the effect of different concentrations of sulphur on the economic yield of three chickpea varieties (Cicer arietinum). Seeds of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum) varieties, Noor-19, Bittal-21, and Bittal-16 were collected from the Ayub Agricultural Research Institute in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangements having two factors: chickpea varieties (Noor-19, Bittal-21, and Bittal-16) and different levels of sulphur (120 mg and 240 mg) that were applied at the flowering stage. The data regarding PH (cm), RL (cm), 100 SWT (g), SL (cm), RFW (g), SDW (g), RDW (g), SFW (g), BY (%), EY (%), HI (%) and chlorophyll a, b, and c (%) were recorded during the growth period and at the time of harvest. The data was analyzed through Tukey's test for statistical analysis to see the variation among treatments.
Comparison of models for estimating the year-round range of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and predictions for New Zealand under current and future climates
Authors: Phillips Craig , Han Yujie , Davies Nicholas , Kean John 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), fall armyworm (FAW), is a pest of corn, maize and other crops that has rapidly spread from its native range in the Americas to much of Africa, India, Asia and Australia, and was first detected in New Zealand (NZ) in March 2022. To estimate where FAW will occur year-round in NZ, we evaluated a range of published models of FAW’s potential distribution in tandem with various publicly available gridded climate datasets. Model predictions were compared to geocoded observations of where FAW has survived or died during winter in southeastern China and southeastern USA. All of the combinations of model and climate dataset tested performed relatively well, with an isotherm model performing best. This and a consensus of three Climex models were used to produce predictions for New Zealand in current and future climates. They predicted that in current climates FAW will occur year-round in the northern third of the North Island and in warmer years may also persist year-round in some coastal parts of the southern North Island and northern South Island. As NZ’s climate warms, FAW will occupy marginal areas year-round with increasing frequency and by about 2080 will occupy them year-round practically every year. Concurrently the areas where it occasionally survives winter during warm years will extend further south and further inland. Our study demonstrated the benefits for illustrating uncertainty in model results of evaluating a wider range of models and climate datasets than is normal practice in species distribution modelling. Moreover, using annual climate datasets in addition to 20 year means provided valuable information about annual fluctuations in FAW’s potential year-round distribution that is often lacking in species distribution estimates. The work demonstrated the high value of recording species absences (or failures to survive at specified locations) for measuring model performance. Documentation of such observations is generally rare and greater awareness of their value might encourage more recording.
Association between caffeine intake and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) in asthmatic children: NHANES 2007-2012
Authors: ZHENG Haitao , YAN Xiaoyu , REN Xianqing , ZHANG Xia , ZHAO Qianyi , DING Ying , YAN Yongbin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Most studies explored the possible effects of caffeine on asthma and its symptoms in children, but the results were inconsistent. Few studies have investigated the association between caffeine and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO). Therefore, we explored the association between caffeine intake and FENO in pediatric asthma patients by utilizing data from NHANES.
Methods: A total of 928 asthmatic children were enrolled in our study after screening NHANES participants from 2007 to 2012. Linear regression model and XGBoost model were used to assess the potential association between caffeine intake and FENO in asthmatic children. Linear or nonlinear association was further confirmed with generalized additive model and piecewise linear regression model. We also executed stratified analyses to identify specific populations.
Results: Multivariate linear regression models showed a negative correlation of caffeine intake with FENO in asthmatic children. Simultaneously, for each unit increase in caffeine intake (mg) FENO decreased by a certain amount, with 0.03 (-0.04,-0.02) ppb for model 1 which adjusted no covariates, 0.03 (-0.04,-0.01) ppb for model 2 which adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, educational background, family income, and 0.03 (-0.05,-0.01) ppb for model 3 adjusted for BMI, waist, TC, TG, HDL based on model 2. Furthermore, we applied the XGBoost model of machine learning to assess the relative importance of chosen variables, and identified vitamin C, iron, caffeine intake, vitamin B12 and vitamin D as the five most significant variables for FENO. And the generalized additive model and the piecewise linear regression model further verified this linear and inverse association.
Conclusion: Our study elucidated the linear and inverse relationship between caffeine intake and FENO in pediatric asthma patients, suggesting a potential immunological role of caffeine intake in asthmatic children. These findings pave the way for further research on the role of caffeine in the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma, and underscore the importance of recognizing the immunological implications of caffeine in asthma management.
Processes of change in family therapies for anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative data
Authors: Cripps Sophie , Serpell Lucy , Pugh Matthew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective: To synthesise young person and family member perspectives on processes of change in family therapy for anorexia nervosa (AN), including systemic family therapy and manualised family-based treatment, to obtain an understanding of what helps and hinders positive change.
Method: A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify qualitative studies focussing on experiences of therapeutic change within family therapies for AN from the perspectives of young people and their families. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria and underwent quality appraisal following which they were synthesised using a meta-synthesis approach.
Results: Six overarching themes were generated: “The psychological underpinnings of AN”; “The therapeutic relationship”; Confinement to a “script”; “A disempowering therapeutic context”; “Externalisation”; and “Family involvement”. Positive change was helped by understanding and support given to the young person’s overall psychological and emotional development and wellbeing, as well as positive therapeutic relationships, relational containment within the family system and externalising conversations in which young people felt seen and heard as individuals beyond an eating disorder. Positive change was hindered by inflexibility in the treatment approach, counter-effects of externalisation, negative experiences of the therapist, a narrow focus on food-intake and weight, as well as the neglect of family difficulties, emotional experiences, and psychological factors.
Conclusions: Positive change regarding the young person’s eating-related difficulties ensued in the context of positive relational changes between the young person, their family members and the therapist, highlighting the significance of secure and trusting relationships. The findings of this review can be utilised by Eating Disorder services to consider how they may adapt to the needs of young people and their families in order to improve treatment satisfaction, treatment outcomes, and in turn reduce risk for chronicity in AN.
Acidic hydrolytic stability of the Lifitegrast: Degradation, Method development, Validation, Synthesis, LC-MS/NMR Characterization, In silico and In vitro cytotoxicity
Authors: Kandula Jony Susanna , Gantala Mahendar , Nishad Ankita , Shankar Sujithra , Vyas Shivam Kumar , Dixit Vaibhav A , Singh Vivek , P Radhakrishnanand 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In addition to the multiple vision problems, the toxicity of the degradation products of ophthalmic medications on eye health is today’s concern. Hence, degradation studies of ophthalmic drug and toxicity establishment of the degradation products have been considered. The manuscript includes simple, mass-compatible HPLC methodology and comprehensive protocol for forced degradation studies of the lifitegrast (LFT). Two degradants, (S)-2-(5,7-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carboxamido)-3-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl) propanoic acid, (DP1) and benzofuran-6-carboxylicacid (DP2) were formed under acidic stress conditions. An accurate, robust HPLC method has been validated for routine quality control analysis of LFT. Theoretical quantum chemical calculations of reaction enthalpy were studied to explain the formation of DP1 and DP2. A synthesis scheme for DP1 was employed, and characterised using LC-ESI-MS, NMR techniques. The characterization of DP2 was conducted using various analytical advancements. By employing Swiss ADME software, the details of DPs concerning various physicochemical characteristics, and skin permeation capabilities were predicted. A DEREK prediction has revealed the meta-structures in the test molecules which have adverse toxicological properties. Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell viability assessment upon treatment with LFT DPs revealed that the compound DP2 showed significant cytotoxicity at lower concentration (8 µg/mL) whereas DP1 showed significant toxicity only at higher concentrations (1280 µg/mL).
Sex hormones and risk of lung and colorectal cancers in women: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Denos Marion , Sun Yi-Qian , Brumpton Ben , Li Yafang , Albanes Demetrius , Burnett-Hartman Andrea , Campbell Peter T , Küry Sébastien , Li Christopher I , White Emily , Samadder Jewel N , Jenkins Mark , Mai Xiao-Mei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The roles of sex hormones such as estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the etiology of lung and colorectal cancers in women, among the most common cancers after breast cancer, are unclear. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study evaluated such potential causal associations in women of European ancestry. We used summary statistics data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on sex hormones and from the Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study and large consortia on cancers. There was suggestive evidence of genetically predicted 1-standard deviation increase in total testosterone levels being associated with a lower risk of lung non-adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio (HR) 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.98) in the HUNT Study. However, this was not confirmed by using data from a larger consortium. In general, we did not find convincing evidence to support a causal role of sex hormones on risk of lung and colorectal cancers in women of European ancestry.
Clusters of post-acute COVID-19 symptoms: a latent class analysis across 9 databases and 7 countries
Authors: Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Güell Kim López , Català Martí , Dedman Daniel , Duarte-Salles Talita , Kolde Raivo , López-Blasco Raúl , Martínez Álvaro , Mercier Gregoire , Abellan Alicia , Arinze Johnmary , Burkard Theresa , Burn Edward , Cuccu Zara , Delmestri Antonella , Delseny Dominique , Khalid Sara , Kim Chungsoo , Kim Ji-woo , Kostka Kristin , Loste Cora , Mayer Miguel , Meléndez-Cardiel Jaime , Mercadé-Besora Nuria , Mosseveld Mees , Nishimura Akihiko , Nordeng Hedvig ME , Oyinlola Jessie O , Paredes Roger , Pérez-Crespo Laura , Pineda-Moncusí Marta , Ramírez-Anguita Juan Manuel , Trinh Nhung TH , Uusküla Anneli , Valdivieso Bernardo , Xie Junqing , Mateu Lourdes , Jödicke Annika 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Prior evidence has suggested the multisystem symptomatic manifestations of post-acute COVID-19 condition (PCC). Here we conducted a network cluster analysis of 24 WHO proposed symptoms to identify potential latent subclasses of PCC. Individuals with a positive test of or diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 after 09/2020 and with at least one symptom within ≥ 90 to 365 days following infection were included. Sub-analyses were conducted among people with ≥ 3 different symptoms. Summary characteristics were provided for each cluster. All analyses were conducted separately in 9 databases from 7 countries, including data from primary care, hospitals, national health claims and national health registries, allowing to validate clusters across the different healthcare settings. 787,078 persons with PCC were included. Single-symptom clusters were common across all databases, particularly for joint pain, anxiety, depression and allergy. Complex clusters included anxiety-depression and abdominal-gastrointestinal symptoms. Substantial heterogeneity within and between PCC clusters was seen across healthcare settings. Current definitions of PCC should be critically reviewed to reflect this variety in clinical presentation.
Global, regional, and national burden of liver cancer due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, 1990–2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Huang Minshan , Chen Hang , Wang Hui , Wang Xianmei , Wang Da , Li Yu , Zhou Qingqing , Zhang Dan , Li Mengwei , Ma Lanqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has rapidly become the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to report the global, regional, and national burden of NASH-related HCC and its attributable risk factors between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, and sociodemographic index. In 2019, 46.8 thousand prevalent cases of NASH-related HCC were reported globally, with NASH-related HCC accounting for 34.7 thousand deaths and 795.8 thousand disability-adjusted life year (DALY). The global age standardised point prevalence, death, and DALY rates for NASH-related HCC were 0.6, 0.4, and 9.6 per 100 000 population. The death and DALY were 5.3%, 15.1% lower than in 1990, respectively, while the prevalence was 19.8% higher than 1900. High-income Asia Pacific (1.5) had the highest age standardised point prevalence of NASH-related HCC. Australasia (265.1%), Central Asia (256.8%), and High-income North America (207%) showed the largest increases in age standardised point prevalence across the study period. In 2019, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa (0.8) had the highest and Tropical Latin America (0.2), Central Sub-Saharan Africa (0.2), Eastern Europe (0.2), and Southern Latin America (0.2) had the lowest age standardised death rates per 100 000. Southern Sub-Saharan Africa (19.1) and Tropical Latin America (3.6) had the highest and lowest age standardised DALY rates per 100 000, respectively. The burden of NASH-related HCC will rise slightly over the next decade, and this disease, which is not associated with SDI, remains a major public health problem. In addition, the escalating rates of obesity, demographic shifts, and an aging population could position NASH as a leading factor in liver cancer cases, surpassing viral hepatitis. It's imperative, therefore, that the forthcoming years see the implementation of strategic interventions aimed at the early detection and prevention of liver cancer associated with NASH.
Age-dependent alterations in the human striatum identify a PPP1R15B-miR-196a node as a modifier of Huntington’s disease phenotypes
Authors: Yoo Andrew , Church Victoria , Krzyzosiak Agnieszka , Chen Shawei , Kwon Ji-Sun , Victor Matheus , Miao Benpeng , Zhang Bo , Dahiya Sonika , Bertolotti Anne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Polyglutamine expansion in Huntingtin (HTT) causes its aggregation and progressive loss of striatal neurons in Huntington’s disease (HD). HD is a mostly adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder with no disease-modifying therapies. Here we found that human striatal aging is associated with a global upregulation of genes involved in translation, including the translation and proteostasis regulator PPP1R15B (R15B). We used the R15B inhibitor Raphin1 to investigate if the age-associated changes could modify HD pathology. R15B inhibition rescued early learning and late motor deficits in HDYAC128 mice. In striatal medium spiny neurons directly reprogrammed from fibroblasts of symptomatic HD patients (HD-MSNs), Raphin1 reduced the formation of mutant HTT aggregates and neuronal death. Genetic knockdown of R15B also protected HD-MSNs from neurodegeneration whereas its overexpression exacerbated disease phenotypes. Moreover, both human striatum and reprogrammed MSNs exhibited age-dependent decline of miR-196a, a microRNA that directly targets non-conserved sites in human R15B 3’UTR and overexpressing miR-196a lowered mutant HTT aggregation. This work identifies age-dependent alterations in miR-196a and its target R15B and demonstrates the therapeutic potential of reversing these changes in diverse models and readouts of HD. We propose miR-196a and R15B as disease-modifying targets in HD.
Social Presence in Online Live Learning Improves Learners’ Mentalizing: An fMRI Study
Authors: Cheng Siqi , Yu Guoming , Liu Jia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

As the use of live and pre-recorded learning platforms becomes increasingly prevalent, it is crucial for educators and learners to effectively leverage these formats, acknowledging their distinct educational implications. This study aims to understand how different online learning formats—live and per-recorded—impact students’ perceptions of social presence, likability, credibility, and academic performance, while maintaining consistent instructional quality. Moreover, it explores how these two learning formats uniquely affect cognitive processing in the brain. Behavioral experiments assessed the influence on learning experiences and outcomes, complemented by fMRI analysis to monitor real-time cerebral activity during participant engagement with both learning modalities. Behaviorally, participants reported a heightened sense of social presence and a more favourable attitude during live online learning. From a neural perspective, the precuneus, a cortical region engaged in mentalizing, showed a significantly higher activation during live online learning than that during pre-recorded online learning. In summary, our study suggests that the perception of social presence in live learning environments may automatically enhance individuals’ mentalizing capacity, which may guide strategies for effectively implementation of diverse online learning formats in practical scenarios.