bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergence of chemical mimicry in a guild of aphid predators
Authors: Lohman David J. , Liao Qing , Pierce Naomi E. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract.  1. A variety of insects prey on honeydew‐producing Homoptera and many do so even in the presence of ants that tend, and endeavour to protect, these trophobionts from natural enemies. Few studies have explored the semiochemical mechanisms by which these predators circumvent attack by otherwise aggressive ants.2. Ants use specific mixtures of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) as recognition labels, but this simple mechanism is frequently circumvented by nest parasites that engage in ‘chemical mimicry’ of their host ants by producing or acquiring a critical suite of these CHCs.3. Analysis of the CHCs from the North American woolly alder aphid, Prociphilus tessellatus (Homoptera: Aphididae), their tending ants, and aphid predators from three insect orders, Feniseca tarquinius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), Chrysopa slossonae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and Syrphus ribesii (Diptera: Syrphidae), showed that while the CHC profile of each predatory species was distinct, each was chemically more similar to the aphids than to either tending ant species. Further, the CHCs of each predator species were a subset of the compounds found in the aphids' profile.4. These results implicate CHCs as a recognition cue used by ants to discriminate trophobionts from potential prey and a probable mechanism by which trophobiont predators circumvent detection by aphids and their tending ants.5. Although several features of the aphids' CHC profile are shared among the chemically mimetic taxa, variation in the precision of mimicry among the members of this predatory guild demonstrates that a chemical mimic need not replicate every feature of its model.
Between‐clutch interactions affect a benefit of group feeding for pipevine swallowtail larvae
Authors: Fordyce J. A. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract.  1. In California, early instar larvae of the pipevine swallowtail (Battus philenor) develop at an accelerated rate when feeding in large groups compared with small groups due to a plant‐mediated response to feeding group size. Larvae benefit from accelerated growth because the time larvae remain in early stages, where mortality is highest, is reduced. Occasionally, multiple clutches are laid on the same plant stem. Clutch size modification by females ovipositing on plant with previously laid clutches and the effect of kinship and group size on larval behaviour was examined. The direct and indirect interactions between clutches were investigated to determine if group size and time between clutch establishment affects the performance of early instar larvae.2. Larger groups consume the young foliage more quickly and develop at an accelerated rate compared with smaller groups. Older foliage available to later clutches is an inferior food resource compared with younger foliage.3. There was no evidence that females adjust clutch size in response to the presence of conspecific clutches.4. Second groups of larvae readily joined previously established feeding groups. There were no observed behavioural differences between sibling and mixed‐family groups.5. The effect of a second group on the growth of the initial group was dependent on the size of both groups and the time interval between the arrival of the two groups.6. Accelerated growth associated with larger feeding aggregations was absent when these groups were introduced to plants with previously established groups.7. It is beneficial for ovipositing females to avoid plants with previously laid clutches because direct and indirect interactions with established clutches compromises larval performance.
Trade‐off between mobility and fitness inCydia pomonellaL. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Gu Hainan , Hughes Jacqueline , Dorn Silvia 
Published: March 2006

Abstract. 1. The codling mothCydia pomonella, one of the most important pest insects of apple fruit orchards worldwide, is regarded as a ‘sedentary’ insect, but the natural populations consist of both mobile and sedentary genotypes that display different dispersal capacity in the field. The current study investigated whether there is a fitness consequence of being mobile in this species by comparing two strains with contrasting levels of mobility obtained through bi‐directional selection.2. Female moths of the sedentary strain were significantly larger, laid more eggs during their lifespan, and both male and female moths of this strain lived longer, when compared with the mobile strain.3. The age‐specific fecundity of female moths from the sedentary strain was significantly greater, in particular between 3 and 5 days after emergence when the peaks of both oviposition and flight capacity occur, relative to the mobile moths, thereby leading to a greater reproductive function.4. These differences resulted in different demographic parameters between the two strains. The sedentary strain had a significantly greater net reproductive rate (Ro) and a higher intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), although the generation time (T) was similar, hence requiring a shorter time to double the population size, in comparison to the mobile strain.5. This study provides empirical evidence for the cost of being mobile inC. pomonella. Trade‐offs between mobility and fitness might have contributed to the existence of genetic variance for dispersal behaviour in the natural populations and the maintenance of relative sedentariness in the species.
Is natural selection a plausible explanation for the distribution of Idh‐1 alleles in the cricket Allonemobius socius?
Authors: Huestis Diana L. , Marshall Jeremy L. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract.  1. Allozyme alleles in natural populations have been proposed as either neutral markers of genetic diversity or the product of natural selection on enzyme function, as amino acid substitutions that change electrophoretic mobility may also alter enzyme performance. To address these possibilities, researchers have used both correlative analyses and empirical studies.2. Here, geographically structured variation of the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase (Idh‐1) in the striped ground cricket Allonemobius socius Scudder (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) is examined. The distributions of Idh‐1 alleles appear to be related to environmental gradients, as allele frequencies showed significant relationships with mean annual temperature and precipitation. Specifically, the slowest mobility allele was more frequent at colder temperatures, while the converse occurred for the fastest mobility allele.3. An exploratory experiment was performed to examine fitness effects of possessing different Idh‐1 alleles at two temperatures to test the hypothesis that the geographic structure of this locus may reflect environmental adaptation. Results showed that a significant interaction between temperature and Idh‐1 genotype affected the number of eggs laid, with success of homozygous individuals matching environmental expectations.4. The above results show that (1) variation in the frequency of Idh‐1 alleles is significantly related to environmental gradients in the eastern U.S.A. and (2) alternative alleles of Idh‐1 appear to influence the egg‐laying ability of individuals differently depending on environmental temperature. Together, these results suggest that natural selection is a plausible mechanism underlying the distribution of Idh‐1 alleles in this species, although more detailed studies are needed.
Fexofenadine, an H1‐receptor antagonist, partially but rapidly inhibits the itch of contact dermatitis induced by diphenylcyclopropenone in patients with alopecia areata
Authors: KATAGIRI Kazumoto , ARAKAWA Shoko , HATANO Yutaka , FUJIWARA Sakuhei 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTAntihistamines have been used for the treatment of not only allergic diseases such as allergic urticaria and rhinitis, but also of eczematous skin diseases because of their anti‐pruritic effects. Moreover, the pruritus associated with eczematous diseases is considered to be induced, in part, by histamine. However, it is unclear whether antihistamines inhibit the itch of eczematous diseases in the absence of topical corticosteroids. In this study, we investigated the anti‐pruritic effect of the antihistamine, fexofenadine, on the itch of contact dermatitis that was induced by topical application of diphenylcyclopropenone for the treatment for alopecia areata. Thirteen patients with alopecia areata, who had been treated weekly with topical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone for 3 months to 2 years, recorded the severity of their itching on a visual analog scale before and 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after application of diphenylcyclopropenone for 4 consecutive weeks. Seven patients took fexofenadine during the first and third weeks, and six patients took fexofenadine during the second and fourth weeks. The severity of itching reached a maximum 6–12 h after the induction of the contact dermatitis in most of the patients. However, fexofenadine partially but rapidly reduced the severity of itching for 72 h during the entire period of treatment in the absence of topical corticosteroids. Our results suggest that fexofenadine can be beneficial in the daily management of patients with itching due to eczematous disease.
Effects of a multilamellar emulsion on glucocorticoid‐induced epidermal atrophy and barrier impairment
Authors: AHN Sung K. , BAK Hana N. , PARK Byeong D. , KIM Yang H. , YOUM Jong K. , CHOI Eung H. , HONG Seung P. , LEE Seung H. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTSkin atrophy is one of the most frequent side‐effects of the topical glucocorticoid. Skin barrier impairment has also been reported as a steroid‐induced side effect. Although there have been various studies on preventing or minimizing this atrophogenic effect, little has been reported about preventing barrier impairment. This study was performed to determine the effects of a multilamellar emulsion (MLE) that had a well‐ordered lamellar structure on the steroid‐induced barrier impairment and epidermal atrophy. To confirm these effects of MLE, 0.05% clobetasol‐17‐propionate (CP) and 0.05% clobetasol‐17‐propionate in MLE (MLE/CP) were topically applied to both flanks of hairless mice for 9 days. The topically applied CP induced a significant impairment of the epidermal permeability barrier, and MLE/CP also did not have a preventive effect on this change. However, skinfold thickness studies and histological studies showed that MLE/CP significantly reduced the steroid‐induced atrophy. The topical application of MLE/CP was also shown to have a preventive effect on the steroid‐induced increase of the stratum corneum (SC) surface pH. In addition, the electron microscopic findings showed relatively well‐conserved lamellar bilayers in the skin treated with MLE, as compared to CP only. The results showed that the topical application of MLE immediately after CP treatment prevented the glucocorticoid‐induced transepidermal water loss values increase. Light microscopy measurements showed that the skin treated with MLE immediately after CP treatment for 1 week had a slightly lower decline of skin thickness than did the CP‐treated skin. These results suggest that MLE should be effective for preventing glucocorticoid‐induced epidermal atrophy and for repairing the barrier impairment.
Basal cell carcinoma in Turkey
Authors: TIFTIKCIOĞLU Yiğit Özer , KARAASLAN Önder , AKSOY Hasan Mete , AKSOY Berna , KOÇER Uğur 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of cancer in Caucasians. This study was undertaken to define clinical features of BCC treated by surgical excision in Turkish patients. One‐hundred and ninety‐eight patients with 216 BCC, all treated by surgical excision, were studied prospectively. Age and sex distribution, personal and family history, skin type, site and size of the lesions, clinical type of the lesions, status of surgical margins and incidence of recurrence were analyzed. The male to female ratio was 9:10, and the average age of the patients was 64.5 years. Of the tumors, 91.5% occurred on the head and neck. There was also personal and/or family history of cancer in 24.8% of our cases. Of all BCC treated, 83.8% had a noduloulcerative clinical appearance. The vast majority of our patients were Fitzpatrick type 3 (53.0%) and type 2 (41.5%). There were seven recurrences after follow‐up periods varying between 3 months and 2 years. In conclusion, clinical characteristics of BCC in Turkish patients have both similarities and differences compared with other countries.
Dermoscopic patterns of the filiform papillae of the tongue in patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: MAEDA Manabu 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine whether there are any differences in the appearance of tongue‐surface structure in different kinds of collagen diseases, because red tongue is well known to be a very important feature of suspected Sjögren's syndrome (Sjs). To clarify some features of the filiform papillae on the dorsal surfaces of the tongues of patients with speculated Sjs, we observed a total of 565 individuals with primary Sjs (n = 24, M/F = 0/24), secondary Sjs (n = 16, M/F = 1/15), possible Sjs (n = 96, M/F = 21/75), collagen diseases (CD) (n = 55, M/F = 15/40; 15 SSc, 10 SLE 10, two MCTD, six dermatomyositis, and 22 others), various cutaneous disorders (n = 324, M/F = 118/206), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 50, M/F = 32/18) by using a dermopscope. The average ages of the patients with Sjs, CD (non‐Sjs), cutaneous disorders (non‐Sjs/CD), and HC were 56.4 14.8, 55.1 116.4, 51.1 121.2, and 37.1 110.6 years of age, respectively. The filiform papillae were classified into four patterns by their structural characteristics: normal papillae (no abnormality with clear cornified tips) (pattern I, n = 162), slightly rounded papillae with unclear cornified tips (pattern II, n = 239), rounded papillae without cornified tips (pattern III, n = 86), and completely flattened papillae (pattern IV, n = 28). Their patterns were reversely related to the volume of salivary fluid (gum test) (P = 0.046) and the degree of furor coating of the tongue (P = 0.051). Pattern IV is predominant in definitive Sjs (primary and secondary Sjs) (n = 15; 53.6%) with positive anti‐SS‐A or ‐B antibody (n = 8) with a specificity of 53.6% and a sensitivity of 36.6%. The present dermoscopic finding that the completely flattened pattern (IV) is predominant in definite Sjs patients may indicate a useful marker for suspicion of Sjs.
Daily versus intermittent application of high‐concentration tacalcitol ointment in combination with low‐dose cyclosporin for psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: ABE Masatoshi , SYUTO Tomoko , HASEGAWA Michiko , SOGABE Yoko , YOKOYAMA Yoko , ISHIKAWA Osamu 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTIn this study, we aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of highly‐concentrated tacalcitol ointment daily versus intermittent application in patients with psoriasis vulgaris who simultaneously took a low dose of cyclosporin. All the patients in both groups showed significant improvements, and the patients in the intermittent application group obtained more patient satisfaction in cost performance. The treatment cost of low‐dose cyclosporin and intermittent application of highly‐concentrated tacalcitol ointment was less than half of that of high‐dose cyclosporin and daily application of highly‐concentrated tacalcitol ointment. This preliminary study suggests that the combination therapy with low‐dose cyclosporin administration and intermittent application of highly‐concentrated tacalcitol is effective, safe and provides acceptable costs for the treatment.
Papulonecrotic tuberculid with spontaneous remission
Authors: MITSUISHI Tsuyoshi , IIDA Kazumi , KAWANA Seiji 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTWe describe a 62‐year‐old Japanese woman who had skin lesions involving her extremities, chest and back that showed spontaneous remission. The skin lesions consisted of slightly atrophic scars and crusted, reddish or necrotic papules. A tuberculin test showed induration and bulla, which was regarded as strongly positivity. Histopathologically, a tuberculoid granuloma with necrosis was present in the upper dermis and the deep dermis, including the adipose tissues. Bacterial cultures were not positive from sputum, urine or stool, and the chest X‐P was also normal. After skin biopsy, all the lesions disappeared within 1 month. No relapse was noted in the entire body.
Contact dermatitis due to orchids (Cymbidium and Oncidium)
Authors: IWATA Masahiro , KANEKURA Takuro , GUSHI Akira , KANZAKI Tamotsu 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTA 64‐year‐old male who cultivated orchids as a hobby, had noticed itchy erythematous lesions on both hands since 6 months earlier. His eruptions had gradually worsened and scales and fissures had appeared. Although he was treated with topical corticosteroids by a doctor, his erythema showed no improvement. Patch tests with the orchids he cultivated, fertilizers, antiseptics and insecticides showed positive reactions to the stems of Cymbidium and Oncidium orchids. A diagnosis of contact dermatitis attributable to the cultivated orchids was made.
Primary cutaneous amyloidosis of the auricular concha: Case report and review of published work
Authors: SHIMAUCHI Takatoshi , SHIN Ji hyun , TOKURA Yoshiki 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTA 70‐year‐old Japanese female developed tiny papules on her bilateral ears 2 years previously. A histological study of a biopsy specimen revealed that amorphous materials were present in the widened dermal papillae. Because these materials were positive for both Congo red and Dylon, we diagnosed the lesion as primary cutaneous amyloidosis of the auricular concha. Immunohistochemically, the amyloid substance stained positively with 34βE12 (cytokeratin 1/5/10/14), suggesting that it had an epidermal origin. Seven reported cases of this unique disorder were also reviewed.
Crusted scabies in an adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma patient successfully treated with oral ivermectin
Authors: YONEKURA Kentaro , KANEKURA Takuro , KANZAKI Tamotsu , UTSUNOMIYA Atae 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTWe report an adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) patient whose crusted scabies was successfully treated with oral ivermectin. This 63‐year‐old man had previously been treated with oral prednisolone, sobuzoxane and etoposide for approximately 1 year. When he developed crusted scabies, he received two doses of oral ivermectin (200 µg/kg) 10 days apart and the concomitant topical application of crotamiton containing 30% benzyl benzoate. This produced remarkable results, suggesting that oral ivermectin should be considered for the treatment of crusted scabies even in immunocompromised patients. While ivermectin may be useful for treating intractable scabies, attention must be paid to the possible appearance of ivermectin‐resistant mites.
A case of infectious eccrine hidradenitis
Authors: OONO Takashi , MATSUURA Hironori , MORIZANE Shi , YAMASAKI Osamu , IWATSUKI Keiji 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTWe report a case of “infectious” neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis who developed papules on the upper arm and trunk. Histological findings revealed vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells in the eccrine sweat ducts and neutrophils that had migrated through ductal epithelium to the lumen. A microabscess was also seen in the eccrine sweat gland coil. Our patient had received no chemotherapy such as cytarabine. Gram‐positive cocci were present in the lesional eccrine duct indicating an infective origin of the disease. Human beta defensin‐2, one of epithelial antimicrobial peptides, was present in the lesional epidermis and eccrine duct.
Cutaneous ciliated cyst of the inguinal area in a man
Authors: LEE Joong Sun , KIM You Chan , LEE Eun So 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTCutaneous ciliated cysts are rare, predominantly occurring on the lower extremities of young women. Most of them have been regarded as müllerian remnants. Cases in men are rarely reported. We report a case of a cutaneous ciliated cyst involving the inguinal area of a 56‐year‐old man and briefly review the published work.
Dose‐dependent promotion of rat forestomach carcinogenesis by combined treatment with sodium nitrite and ascorbic acid after initiation with N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine: Possible contribution of nitric oxide‐associated oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Okazaki Kazushi , Ishii Yuji , Kitamura Yasuki , Maruyama Satoshi , Umemura Takashi , Miyauchi Makoto , Yamagishi Megumi , Imazawa Takayoshi , Nishikawa Akiyoshi , Yoshimura Yoshihiro , Nakazawa Hiroyuki , Hirose Masao 
Published: March 2006

Dose‐dependent promotion effects of combined treatment with sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and ascorbic acid (AsA) on gastric carcinogenesis were examined in rats pretreated with N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Groups of 15 6‐week‐old F344 male rats were given 0.01% MNNG in their drinking water for 10 weeks to initiate carcinogenesis in the glandular stomach and a single intragastric administration of 100 mg/kg/bodyweight of MNNG by stomach tube at week 9 to initiate carcinogenesis in the forestomach. From week 11, they received either drinking water containing 0.05, 0.1 or 0.2% NaNO2 and a diet supplemented with 0.1 or 0.2% AsA in combination, each individual chemical alone or a basal diet until the end of week 42. In the forestomach, the incidence of hyperplasia was increased dose dependently by the treatment with NaNO2 alone. Incidences of neoplastic lesions were dramatically increased by the combined treatment with NaNO2 and AsA in a dose‐dependent manner, but AsA itself had no effect. In the glandular stomach, only toxicity and regenerative changes were increased by the high‐dose combination. In a second short‐term experiment conducted for sequential observation, necrosis and strong inflammation were found in the forestomach epithelium shortly after commencing combined treatment with 1.0% AsA and 0.2% NaNO2, followed by hyperplasia, whereas there were no obvious effects in the glandular stomach. In addition, after a 4 h treatment with 1.0% AsA and 0.2% NaNO2, a slight increase in the 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine levels in the forestomach epithelium was observed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and an electrochemical detection system, albeit without statistical significance. In vitro, electron spin resonance demonstrated nitric oxide formation during incubation with NaNO2 and AsA under acidic conditions. Thus, NaNO2 was demonstrated to exert promoter action in the forestomach, with AsA acting as a strong copromoter through cytotoxicity and regenerative cell proliferation, possibly mediated by oxidative DNA damage, but the combined treatment with NaNO2 and AsA had little influence on glandular stomach carcinogenesis. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 175 –182)