bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of anesthetic induction in cats by use of isoflurane in an anesthetic chamber with a conventional vapor or liquid injection technique
Authors: Schmid Renee D. , Hodgson David S. , McMurphy Rose M. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Objective—To compare 2 techniques for induction of cats by use of isoflurane in an anesthetic chamber.
Design—Prospective, randomized study.
Animals—51 healthy cats.
Procedures—Cats were randomly allocated to 2 induction techniques. Cats were premedicated with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], SC) and buprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg [0.0045 mg/lb], SC) 30 minutes before induction. Cats were then placed into an induction chamber, and anesthetic induction was initiated. One technique involved a conventional flow-through system that used an oxygen flowmeter and an isoflurane vaporizer to flow vapors into the induction chamber. Alternatively, liquid isoflurane was injected into a vaporization tray that was mounted to the interior surface of the chamber lid. Inductions were videotaped for analysis. Five variables (head bobbing, head swinging side to side, paddling, rotating 180° to 360°, and rolling over or flipping) were scored to assess induction quality. Time variables recorded during induction corresponded to the interval until onset of excitatory motion, duration of excitatory motion, interval until recumbency, and interval until complete induction.
Results—Compared with cats anesthetized by use of a conventional vapor chamber technique, cats anesthetized by use of the liquid injection technique had a significantly shorter interval until recumbency and interval until complete induction and lower scores for quality of induction, indicating a smoother induction.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Anesthetic induction in cats by use of a liquid injection technique was more rapid and provided a better quality of induction, compared with results for cats induced by use of a conventional vapor technique.
Analgesic efficacy of butorphanol and morphine in bearded dragons and corn snakes
Authors: Sladky Kurt K. , Kinney Matthew E. , Johnson Stephen M. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Objective—To test the hypothesis that administration of butorphanol or morphine induces antinociception in bearded dragons and corn snakes.
Design—Prospective crossover study.
Animals—12 juvenile and adult bearded dragons and 13 corn snakes.
Procedures—Infrared heat stimuli were applied to the plantar surface of bearded dragon hind limbs or the ventral surface of corn snake tails. Thermal withdrawal latencies (TWDLs) were measured before (baseline) and after SC administration of physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (equivalent volume to opioid volumes), butorphanol tartrate (2 or 20 mg/kg [0.91 or 9.1 mg/lb]), or morphine sulfate (1, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg [0.45, 2.27, 4.5, 9.1, or 18.2 mg/lb]).
Results—For bearded dragons, butorphanol (2 or 20 mg/kg) did not alter hind limb TWDLs at 2 to 24 hours after administration. However, at 8 hours after administration, morphine (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly increased hind limb TWDLs from baseline values (mean ± SEM maximum increase, 2.7 ± 0.4 seconds and 2.8 ± 0.9 seconds, respectively). For corn snakes, butorphanol (20 mg/kg) significantly increased tail TWDLs at 8 hours after administration (maximum increase from baseline value, 3.0 ± 0.8 seconds); the low dose had no effect. Morphine injections did not increase tail TWDLs at 2 to 24 hours after administration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Compared with doses used in most mammalian species, high doses of morphine (but not butorphanol) induced analgesia in bearded dragons, whereas high doses of butorphanol (but not morphine) induced analgesia in corn snakes.
Severe reaction to intravenous administration of an ionic iodinated contrast agent in two anesthetized dogs
Authors: Pollard Rachel E. , Pascoe Peter J. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Case Description—Acute severe systemic reactions developed during IV administration of an ionic iodinated contrast agent (iothalamate meglumine) in 2 dogs undergoing contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
Clinical Findings—Both dogs developed marked changes in heart rate and systolic arterial blood pressure during or immediately after IV administration of the contrast agent. The first dog became profoundly hypertensive and bradycardic with poor oxygenation, apparent bronchospasm, and prolonged diarrhea. The second dog became hypotensive and tachycardic with erythema on the ventral aspect of the abdomen and pelvic limbs, periocular edema, and diarrhea.
Treatment and Outcome—Both dogs were treated for shock by means of IV fluid administration, and anesthesia was discontinued. The first dog was placed on a ventilator to improve oxygenation but was hypertensive and unresponsive for 6.5 hours following contrast agent administration. Bloody diarrhea persisted once consciousness was regained. The dog was discharged 3 days after contrast agent administration, and diarrhea resolved 15 days later. The second dog responded to phenylephrine administration, but urine output appeared low immediately following recovery from anesthesia. Urine output was normal the following day, and the dog was released 36 hours after contrast administration with no residual adverse effects.
Clinical Relevance—Findings highlighted the potential risk for severe reactions associated with IV administration of ionic iodinated contrast agents in dogs. Both hypertensive and hypotensive responses were seen. Supportive care for systemic manifestations was effective in these 2 dogs, and extended hospitalization was not necessary.
Retinopathy associated with ivermectin toxicosis in two dogs
Authors: Kenny Patrick J. , Vernau Karen M. , DVM Birgit Puschner , Maggs David J. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Case Description—2 dogs (dogs 1 and 2) were examined for sudden onset of blindness. Both dogs had mild obtundation and mydriasis in both eyes. It was thought that dog 1 may have ingested ivermectin; dog 2 had been treated with ivermectin for demodectic mange.
Clinical Findings—On initial examination, both dogs had mydriasis and decreased pupillary light reflexes in both eyes. Dog 1 had an absent menace response bilaterally. Fundic examination of both eyes in both dogs revealed regions of multifocal retinal edema and folds with low-lying retinal separation. The electroretinogram was extinguished in dog 1 and attenuated in dog 2. Ivermectin was detected in serum samples from both dogs.
Treatment and Outcome—Both dogs made a complete clinical recovery following cessation of exposure to ivermectin; electroretinographic findings improved, and retinal edema resolved with some residual chorioretinal scarring.
Clinical Relevance—To our knowledge, this is the first report of resolution of retinal edema and electroretinographic changes associated with ivermectin toxicosis in dogs. In dogs that develop blindness suddenly, fundic examination, electroretinography, and assessment of serum ivermectin concentration are diagnostically useful, even if exposure to ivermectin is unknown.
Effect of intranasal oxygen administration on blood gas variables and outcome in neonatal calves with respiratory distress syndrome: 20 cases (2004–2006)
Authors: Bleul Ulrich T. , Bircher Barbara M. , Kähn Wolfgang K. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of intranasal oxygen administration on blood gas variables and outcome in neonatal calves with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—20 neonatal calves with RDS.
Procedures—Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) before and after intranasal administration of oxygen were analyzed.
Results—There were significant increases in PaO2 and SaO2 in the first 24 hours after oxygen administration was begun, with mean ± SD PaO2 increasing from 38.4 ± 8.8 mm Hg to 58.7 ± 17.8 mm Hg during the first 3 hours of treatment. Calves with PaO2 > 55 mm Hg within the first 12 hours after oxygen administration was begun had a significantly higher survival rate (9/10) than did calves that did not reach this threshold (4/10).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that intranasal oxygen administration was a simple method of improving blood gas variables in neonatal calves with RDS and that PaO2 could be used to predict outcome.
Cryptosporidiosis in 20 alpaca crias
Authors: Waitt Laura H. , Cebra Christopher K. , Firshman Anna M. , McKenzie Erica C. , Jr John W. Schlipf 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Case Description—20 alpaca crias (13 females and 7 males) were examined for diarrhea (n = 20), weight loss (15), and poor appetite (5). Fourteen crias were between 8 and 18 days of age at time of admission.
Clinical Findings—Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in all crias. Common biochemical abnormalities included acidemia, hyperlactemia, azotemia, and hyperglycemia and increases in aspartate transaminase and γ-glutamyltransferase activities. Serum sodium and chloride concentrations were high or low. Other potential gastrointestinal tract pathogens were identified in only 7 crias.
Treatment and Outcome—Supportive care was instituted, including IV administration of fluids with partial parenteral administration of nutrients (n = 19 crias), antimicrobials (19), supplemental orally administered nutrients (11), administration of plasma (10), and insulin treatment (9). Other palliative treatments used by attending clinicians were sucralfate, flunixin meglumine, vitamin A/D/E/B complex, antiparasitic agents, antidiarrheal agents, and azithromycin. Three crias with inadequate urine production and severe azotemia were treated with furosemide administered IV as a bolus or as a constant-rate infusion. Treatment resulted in a successful outcome in 16 of 20 crias. Weight loss and refractory azotemia were common in nonsurvivors but not in surviving crias.
Clinical Relevance—Findings suggested that Cryptosporidium spp may be a diarrheal pathogen of unweaned alpaca crias that may be more widespread than has been recognized and can become endemic on some farms. Metabolic derangements were unpredictable and should be determined by biochemical analysis before fluid and electrolyte replacement is initiated. Cryptosporidiosis has zoonotic potential, and the infection can be self-limiting in alpacas receiving supportive treatment.
Evaluation and comparison of the health status of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, and Charleston, South Carolina
Authors: Reif John S. , Fair Patricia A. , Adams Jeffrey , Joseph Brian , Kilpatrick David S. , Sanchez Roberto , Goldstein Juli D. , Townsend Forrest I. , McCulloch Stephen D. , Mazzoil Marilyn , Zolman Eric S. , Hansen Larry J. , Bossart Gregory D. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Objective—To conduct health assessments and compare outcomes in 2 populations of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins.
Design—Repeated cross-sectional study.
Animals—171 Atlantic bottlenose dolphins.
Procedures—During June and August of 2003 through 2005, 89 dolphins from the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, and 82 dolphins from estuarine waters near Charleston, SC, were evaluated. A panel of 5 marine mammal veterinarians classified dolphins as clinically normal, possibly diseased, or definitely diseased on the basis of results of physical and ultrasonographic examinations, hematologic and serum biochemical analyses, and cytologic and microbiologic evaluations of gastric contents and swab specimens.
Results—Prevalence of dolphins classified as definitely diseased did not differ significantly between the IRL (32%) and Charleston (20%) sites. Proportions of dolphins classified as possibly diseased also did not differ. Lobomycosis was diagnosed in 9 dolphins from the IRL but in none of the dolphins from Charleston. Proportions of dolphins with orogenital papillomas did not differ significantly between the IRL (12%) and Charleston (7%) sites. From 2003 through 2005, the proportion classified as definitely diseased tripled among dolphins from the Charleston site but did not increase significantly among dolphins from the IRL. Dolphins from the Charleston site were more likely to have leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, and low serum concentrations of total protein and total J-globulins than were dolphins from the IRL.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—High prevalences of diseased dolphins were identified at both sites; however, the host or environmental factors that contributed to the various abnormalities detected are unknown.
Evaluation of prenatal‐onset osteochondrodysplasias by ultrasonography: A retrospective and prospective analysis
Authors: Krakow Deborah , Alanay Yasemin , Rimoin Lauren P. , Lin Victoria , Wilcox William R. , Lachman Ralph S. , Rimoin David L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe osteochondrodysplasias or skeletal dysplasias are a heterogenous group of over 350 distinct disorders of skeletogenesis. Many manifest in the prenatal period, making them amenable to ultrasound prenatal diagnosis. A retrospective analysis evaluated 1,500 cases referred to the International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry (ISDR) to determine the relative frequency of specific osteochondrodysplasias and correlation of ultrasound versus radiographic diagnoses for these disorders. Within the retrospective cohort of 1,500 cases, 85% of the referred cases represented well‐defined skeletal dysplasias, and the other 15% of cases were a mixture of genetic syndromes and probable early‐onset intrauterine growth restriction. The three most common prenatal‐onset skeletal dysplasias were osteogenesis imperfecta type 2, thanatophoric dysplasia and achondrogenesis 2, accounting for almost 40% of the cases. In a prospective analysis of 500 cases using a standardized ultrasound approach to the evaluation of these disorders, the relative frequencies of osteogenesis imperfecta type 2, thanatophoric dysplasia and achondrogenesis 2 were similar to the retrospective analysis. This study details the relative frequencies of specific prenatal‐onset osteochondrodysplasias, their heterogeneity of prenatal‐onset skeletal disorders and provides a standardized prenatal ultrasound approach to these disorders which should aid in the prenatal diagnosis of fetuses suspected of manifesting skeletal dysplasias. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monozygotic twins discordant for Proteus syndrome
Authors: Brockmann Knut , Happle Rudolf , Oeffner Frank , König Arne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractProteus syndrome is a rare, complex disorder predominantly characterized by asymmetric overgrowth of body parts, connective tissue and epidermal nevi, and vascular malformations. General diagnostic criteria comprise mosaic distribution, sporadic occurrence, and progressive course. We report on Proteus syndrome in discordant monozygotic twins. The affected 9‐year‐old boy showed progressive postnatal overgrowth of his right leg and foot and asymmetric progressive overgrowth of single toes with a small cerebriform connective tissue nevus on his right fourth toe. The progressive course was documented by serial photographs over a period of 3 years. Twin monozygosity was determined by PCR‐amplified short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, revealing complete concordance of all alleles in both twins. This observation, to our knowledge, is only the second case report of discordant Proteus syndrome in monozygotic twins. This supports the hypothesis that this rare condition is caused by a postzygotic mutational event resulting in mosaicism. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fear of health insurance loss among individuals at risk for Huntington disease
Authors: Oster Emily , Dorsey E. Ray , Bausch Jan , Shinaman Aileen , Kayson Elise , Oakes David , Shoulson Ira , Quaid Kimberly 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGenetic testing in Huntington disease, an inherited ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is infrequent despite wide availability. Factors influencing the decision to pursue testing are largely unknown. We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study of 1,001 individuals in North America who were at risk for Huntington disease who had not pursued genetic testing prior to enrollment. We evaluated the rationale for remaining untested at baseline, determined the concerns of those who eventually pursued testing, and assessed the population's psychological attributes. We contrasted responses between those who did and did not pursue testing, and between United States and Canadian residents. The principal reasons for remaining untested were comfort with risk and uncertainty and the inability to “undo” knowledge gained. After enrollment, 83 individuals [8.3%] pursued genetic testing. Their greatest concern was losing health insurance, and 41.6% of them [vs. 6.7% of those who did not pursue testing; P < 0.001] reported paying out of pocket for testing or other medical services to conceal their genetic risk from their insurer/employer. Among individuals who were tested, more United States residents [46.1%] than Canadian residents [0.0%; P = 0.02] paid out of pocket for health services or genetic testing. Psychological attributes were similar among individuals who did and did not pursue testing. Individuals at risk for Huntington disease who pursued genetic testing feared losing medical insurance, and many paid out of pocket for medical services. Alleviating the fear of health insurance loss may help those who want to pursue genetic testing for many other conditions. [ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT0052143]. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Marshall–Smith syndrome and septo‐optic dysplasia: An unreported association
Authors: Travan Laura , Oretti Chiara , Zennaro Floriana , Demarini Sergio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMarshall–Smith syndrome is characterized by advanced bone age, failure to thrive, respiratory problems, dysmorphic facial features, and variable mental retardation. Less than 40 cases have been reported in the literature, mostly as single case reports or small series. We describe a female newborn who, in addition to demonstrating many of the well described features of Marshall–Smith syndrome, had septo‐optic dysplasia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Based Drug Discovery
Authors: Sakurada Kazuhiro , McDonald Fiona M. , Shimada Fumiki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAs William Shakespeare beautifully described, increasing age often causes loss of tissue and organ function. The increase in average life expectancy in many countries is generating an aging society and an increase in age‐related health problems. Regenerative medicine is expected to be a powerful actor in this drama, and stem cell technology may hold the key to the development of innovative treatments for acute and chronic degenerative conditions. This Review surveys the present situation and some future prospects for regenerative medicine and stem cell based drug discovery.
Preparation of polypyrrole nanoparticles in mixed surfactants system
Authors: Kwon Woo June , Suh Dong Hack , Chin Byung Doo , Yu Jae‐Woong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPolypyrrole nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion polymerization, and the surface charge of PPy nanoparticles was controlled by the mixed surfactant system of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid and isooctylphenyl ether. The shape and size of nanoparticles prepared could be controlled by changing concentration of surfactant. In addition, it was confirmed that the nanoparticles with good conductivity could be obtained by this preparation method. Consequently, well dispersed PPy nanoparticles with 60–100 nm in diameter with cubic shape were obtained and whose conductivity was 56.53 S/cm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Mesomorphic phases of main‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymers with pendent sulfonic acid groups
Authors: Li Qian‐Yue , Meng Fan‐Bao , Zhang Bao‐Yan , Tian Mei , Lian Jiao 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSome main‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymers were synthesized with pendent sulfonic acid groups (0–6 wt %) on the polymer backbone. The solution viscosity behavior, the chemical structures, and the liquid‐crystalline (LC) properties were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and X‐ray measurements. All the polymers displayed a smectic mesophase with a mesogenic range of 142–155°C and good thermal stability. With an increasing concentration of sulfonic acid groups in the polymer systems, some of the polymers exhibited two kinds of mesophases, including smectic and nematic phases. The glass‐transition temperatures and isotropic‐transition temperature were elevated slightly, whereas the temperature of the smectic–nematic phase transition changed a little. For polymers with a few sulfonated benzene groups, the regular mesogen/soft matrix structures led to a smectic structure because of microdomains between the mesogenic moieties and the soft main‐chain matrix, whereas for polymers with an increased number of sulfonic groups, the ionic groups were distributed in both the soft matrix and the LC microphase. Although the increased ionic interactions between mesogens led to more crystalline phases, the strong electrostatic interactions in the ionic group/mesogen/soft matrix systems may have been tangled in domains. Therefore, they disturbed the regular mesogen/soft matrix smectic phase structure, leading to the appearance of a smectic–nematic transition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effect of the mixing sequence on the morphology and properties of a polypropylene/polydimethylsiloxane/nano‐SiO2 ternary composite
Authors: Prakashan K. , Gupta A. K. , Maiti S. N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTernary composites of polypropylene (PP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, and nano‐SiO2, prepared with three different mixing sequences, were studied for dispersion morphology and its effect on the crystallization of PP and the mechanical properties. The mixing sequence produced a significant effect on the dispersion morphology and, thereby, on the mechanical properties of the composites. A two‐step mixing sequence, in which nano‐SiO2 was added in the second step to the PP/PDMS binary system, produced a significant encapsulation of nano‐SiO2 by PDMS, and this, in turn, resulted in the poor modulus and impact strength of the composite. A one‐step mixing sequence of all three components produced a separated dispersion of PDMS and nano‐SiO2 phases in the PP matrix with the occurrence of a fine band of nano‐SiO2 particles at the boundaries of the PDMS domains and the presence of some nano‐SiO2 filler particles inside the PDMS domains. This one‐step mixing sequence produced an improvement in the tensile modulus but a decrease in the impact strength with increasing nano‐SiO2 content. In the third sequence of mixing, which involved a two‐step mixing sequence through the addition of PDMS in the second step to the previously prepared PP/nano‐SiO2 binary system, the morphology of the dispersion showed separately dispersed PDMS and nano‐SiO2 phases with a loose network of nano‐SiO2 particles surrounding the PDMS domains. This latter series of ternary composites had the highest impact strength and exhibited high shear deformation under tensile and impact conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008