bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nassarius corniculus (Olivi, 1792) (Caenogastropoda: Nassariidae): a model of environmental complexity of Italian brackish and marine habitats
Authors: Iannotta Maria Alessandra , Toscano Francesco , Patti Francesco Paolo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStrong environmental selection may give rise to complex species and/or camouflage the presence of sibling species in brackish waters. The prosobranch gastropod Nassarius corniculus (Olivi, 1792) is a common scavenger widely distributed in Mediterranean brackish and marine areas. We examined the morphological and molecular features of N. corniculus populations and related these features to the environmental complexity of brackish habitats. Morphological data revealed differences in radular features between specimens collected from two Mediterranean lagoons (Lake Faro, Messina, Sicily and Lake Fusaro, Gulf of Gaeta). Analysis of with the mitochondrial marker mt 16S rRNA revealed genetic variability within the Lake Faro population but did not show the different geographic structure between the two lagoons indicated by morphological data. We also predicted the gene flow of N. corniculus by comparing populations of two marine areas (Faro Sea and Ischia).
Bilateral Testicular Haemorrhage in a Bleu du Maine Ram: Clinical, Ultrasonographic and Histologic Features
Authors: Smith K , Brown P , Barr F 
Published: December 2008

ContentsBilateral testicular haemorrhage was detected in a 5‐year‐old Bleu du Maine ram in an abattoir survey of male reproductive tracts in sheep; the ultrasonographic and histologic features of the lesions are described.
Offspring from Heterotopic Transplantation of Newborn Mice Ovaries
Authors: Li S , Qin B‐L , Li F , Li W‐L , Shi Z‐D , Tian Y‐B , Chen X‐J 
Published: December 2008

ContentsThis study is aimed at investigating the developmental potential of the primordial follicles from ovaries of newborn mice after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen for long‐term storage, thawing, and heterografting into the kidney capsules of ovariectomized adult female mice. After stimulation of recipient mice with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin on day‐19 after heterografting, the primordial follicles of the transplanted ovaries could develop into antral follicles. When the oocyte‐cumulus cell complexes were retrieved from these antral follicles, they could mature after in vitro culture for 16–17 h. After in vitro fertilization, the rates of embryos derived from these oocytes that developed into the two‐cell stage and the blastocyst stage after 16–17 h and after day‐4, respectively, in the culture medium were 55.40% (55/107) and 9.09% (5/55), respectively. In the ovarian transplantation groups, no pups were derived from the 410 embryos that were transferred into 10 pseudopregnant mothers at the pronuclear stage. However, of the 10 surrogate mothers in whom 570 embryos were transferred at the two‐cell stage, four achieved pregnancy and gave birth to 20 live offspring. These results demonstrated that primordial follicles in newborn mice ovaries were capable of sustaining their developmental potential after freezing and thawing. Once transplanted into the kidney capsules of ovariectomized adult female mice, these primordial follicles could develop and respond to gonadotropin stimulation and reach the antral stage; further, live offspring could be derived from these follicles.
Pre‐breeding Ovaro–Uterine Ultrasonography and its Relationship with First Service Pregnancy Rate in Seasonal‐Calving Dairy Herds
Authors: Mee JF , Buckley F , Ryan D , Dillon P 
Published: December 2008

ContentsThe objectives of the study were to characterize an ultrasound reproductive tract scoring (URTS) system to assess suitability for breeding in dairy cows, to describe the prevalence of these scores in commercial dairy herds and to examine their relationship with subsequent fertility. Ultrasound examinations (7797) were performed on 5751 Holstein–Friesian cows prior to breeding in 62 seasonally calving herds over 2 years. Data recorded from images of both ovaries and the uterus were combined into a six point scoring system and the prevalence of cows with cystic ovarian follicles and uterine abscesses and adhesions was recorded separately. The prevalence of ovulatory cows which had completed uterine involution (score 1), or had mild (2) or moderate endometritis (3) was 62.5%, 21.7% and 2.2%, respectively. The prevalence of anovulatory cows with moderate endometritis (4), ovulatory cows with pyometra (5) and anovulatory cows which had completed uterine involution (6) was 3.3%, 2.2% and 8.1%, respectively. The interval between calving and examination differed between cows with each of the scores 1, 2, 5 and 6 (61, 46, 53 and 50 days, respectively, p < 0.05) but not between cows with scores 3 and 4 (37 and 35 days, respectively). Ovulatory cows which had completed uterine involution (score 1) had a higher likelihood of pregnancy to first service than ovulatory or anovulatory cows which had not completed uterine involution (p ≤ 0.10). The prevalence of cows with cystic ovarian follicles or abscesses or adhesions of the reproductive tract was 3.9% and 1.2%, respectively. In conclusion, 29% and 11% of cows in seasonally calving and breeding dairy herds had not completed uterine involution or were anovulatory prior to the mating start date, respectively. Both conditions, detected using a URTS system, significantly reduced first service pregnancy rate in these pasture‐based dairy herds.
hCG‐Induced Ovulation in Thoroughbred Mares Does Not AffectCorpus luteumDevelopment and Function During Early Pregnancy
Authors: Urquieta B , Durán MC , Coloma I , Parraguez VH 
Published: December 2008

ContentsOur aim was to compareCorpus luteum(CL) development and blood plasma concentration of progesterone ([P4]) in thoroughbred mares after spontaneous (Control: C) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)‐induced ovulation. Lactating mares (C = 12; hCG = 21) were daily teased and mated during second oestruspost‐partum. Treated mares received 2500 IU hCG i.v. at first day of behavioural oestrus when dominant follicular size was >35, ≤42 mm and mated 12–24 h after. Control mares in oestrus were mated with dominant follicular size ≥45 mm. Dominant follicle before ovulation, CL and gestational sac were measured by ultrasound and [P4] by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Blood sampling and ultrasound CL exams were done at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 60 and 90 after ovulation and gestational sac from day 12 after ovulation in pregnant (P) mares; non‐pregnant (NP) were followed until oestrus returned. Data analyses considered four subgroups: hCG‐P, hCG‐NP, C‐P and C‐NP. Preovulatory follicular size was smaller in hCG mares than in C: 39.2 ± 2.7 mm vs 51.0 ± 1.8 mm (p < 0.0001). All hCG mares ovulated 24–48 h after treatment and presented similar oestrus duration as controls.C. luteumsize in P mares showed the same pattern of development through days 4–35, presenting erratic differences during initial establishment. Thus, on days 1 and 3, CL was smaller in hCG‐P (p < 0.05); while in hCG‐NP, CL size was greater than in C‐NP on day three (p = 0.03).Corpus luteumsize remained stable until day 90 in hCG‐P mares, while in C‐P a transient and apparently not functional increase was detected on days 40 and 45 (p < 0.05) and the decrease from day 60 onwards, made this difference to disappear. No differences were observed in [P4] pattern between P, or between NP subgroups, respectively. So, hCG‐induced ovulation does not affect CL development, neither [P4] during early pregnancy. One cycle pregnancy rate tended to be lower in hCG mares while season pregnancy rates were similar to controls.
In Vivo and In Vitro Sperm Interaction with Oviductal Epithelial Cells of Llama
Authors: Apichela S , Jiménez‐Díaz MA , Roldan‐Olarte M , Valz‐Gianinet JN , Miceli DC 
Published: December 2008

ContentsSperm reservoirs in South American Camelids would be crucial for successful fertilization. Since ovulation occurs approximately 36 h after mating, the maintenance of the sperm viability in the oviduct waiting for the ovum is a critical reproductive event. Our study aimed at determining whether the isthmus or the utero tubal junction (UTJ) could function as a sperm reservoir in llama by means of in vivo and in vitro experiments. For the in vivo experiments, the oviducts of adult females with a dominant follicle bigger than 7 mm were examined for the presence of sperm at 6, 18, 24, 28 and 35 h after mating. The results using scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed ultrastructural differences between isthmus and UTJ with respect to (1) predominance of secretory cells in the UTJ and ciliated cells in the isthmus epithelium and (2) cytoplasmic bulbous projection of the secretory cells in the UTJ. Sperm adhered by a mucus‐like substance were seen only in the UTJ at 6, 18, 24 and 28 h post‐mating. Lack of sperm adhered to oviductal mucosa was observed around ovulation (35 h). In vitro experiments demonstrated higher ability of UTJ epithelial cell explants with respect to isthmus explants to bind sperm in a co‐cultured system. The anatomical features and the presence of a sperm bonding agent in the UTJ together with the in vitro differential binding of sperm to UTJ explants strongly suggest that both may be feasible mechanisms that facilitate sperm storage in this oviductal region in llama.
On the Biology of Inclusion Bodies inVirus Diseases (I)* ON ECTROMELIA VIRUSES
Authors: Dohi Seiichi 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY1. We succeeded in getting monocytes with ectromelia inclusion bodies from the peritoneal cavity of the intraabdominally infected mice.2. By this method, quantitative and qualitative development of inclusion bodies and cell reaction in ascites following infection were investigated. The inclusion bodies appear in the periphery zone of the cytoplasm having completely no relation with centrosphere of monocytes, and increase their volume gradually.3. In the supravital state the inclusion bodies stained positive with neutral red and fuchsin but negative with nile blue, brilliant cresyl blue and bordeaux BX.4. Elementary bodies within the inclusion bodies having blue brilliant points were found in the supravital preparations by the dark ground microscope.5. It was possible to take ultra‐violet photomicrographs of the infected monocytes in the supravital preparations. From data obtained by this method we observed the fine figures of elementary bodies in the ectromelia inclusion bodies corresponding to the blue points which had been found by the dark ground microscope.Absorption of ultra‐violet rays by inclusion bodies is much less than by the nuclei, and there is no difference between that of the inclusion, bodies and that of the protoplasm. The results obtained from the ultra‐violet microscopy coincide with the other results that the inclusion bodies give a negative Feulgen reaction in smear preparation. In this case the negative Feulgen test do not mean inevitably the denial of desoxyribonucleic nature of the virus nucleic acid.
Effect of Streptomycin on Tissue Cells Especially on Their Phagocytic Activity in Experimental Studies*
Authors: Nonaka Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYExperiment I and experiment II suggested that streptomycin has an activity in the stimulation of phagocytosis in fixed cells. It is demonstrated that this activity continues for a week in mice injected with 125γ streptomycin. In experiment I (with lithiumcarmine injection) there occurs a very remarkable proliferation of fixed cells in the early period after streptomycin injection. In experiment II (with tubercle bacilli inoculation), it is a particularly noted that following streptomycin administration, degeneration of tissue cells in area adjacent to the necrotic center is very scarce and moderate proliferation of fixed cells with rapid reduction of wandering cell infiltration occurs.Necrotic fixed cells which contained a considerable number of tubercle bacilli formed caseous focus. These findings coincide with my studies in experimental tuberculosis treated with diluted Shwartzman coli‐filtrate. These reveal a slight degree of degeneration with slight wandering cell infiltration compared with controls.
Bone Change in the Fetus Following Toxemia of the Pregnant Mother
Authors: Ohkawa Kimiyasu 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYBone changes of the fetus following toxemia of pregnant mother, is studied. This study shows:(1) Slight shortening of the proliferative cartilage zone.(2) Evident shortening of the zone of ossification and chondro‐osseous trabeculae that are arranged and shaped irregularly, and the irregular dilatation of the primary marrow.(3) The primary marrow capillaries seem to have the pathologic hyperfunction to invade the cartilage.(4) The dilatation of marrow, and the narrow trabeculae.(5) The thin cortex and the dilatation of the canals of Havers.These changes occur in proportion to the extent of clinical symptoms at the time of labour. The more serious the clinical symptoms at the time of labour are, the more evident these changes become.(6) The increase of osteoblasts: some show atrophic changes, others necrotic changes.(7) The decreasing of calcification stained by hematoxylin.(8) The hemorrhage in the marrow.These changes are in proportion to the course of clinical symptoms and not specific to toxemia, but have only a difference of extent.The irregular arrangement of the capillaries invading the cartilage is specific in toxemia.
A Pathological Research on the Internal Secretion of the Salivary Glands
Authors: Takizawa Nobujiro 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY

We confirmed that the removal of parotid and submaxillary salivary glands (asialadenism) caused definite changes in many endocrine organs and definite degeneration of the cartilage tissue of bone and joint, dentin of teeth, elastic fiber system and other mesenchomal tissue.
On the contrary, we confirmed that the removal of submaxillary salivary gland caused hypertrophy of the parotid gland (hypersialadenism) and contrary changes in endocrine organs to the aforementioned experiment, and also contrary changes in the same mesenchymal tissues.
These changes in the deficiency of endocrine apparatus (secretory tube and glandular cells of salivary glands) are recovered by the administration of salivary hormone (Parotin‐Ogata).
As the diseases which are caused by the deficiency of endocrine function of salivary gland we demonstrated the following three; chondrodystrophia fetalis, Kaschin‐Beck's disease, and arthropathia deformans.

Chondrodystrophia fetalis seems to be caused by the retardation of development of endocrine function of salivary gland in the embryonic and new born stage.Kaschin‐Beck's disease, including the changes of bone in Aso volcanic disease, seems to be caused by the acquired deficiency of endocrine function of salivary gland in the growing stage.Arthritis deformans senilis seems to be caused by the disappearance of endocrine function of salivary gland in adult age.

In diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease and myxoedema following sarcoma of the thyroid, we confirmed the definite secondary changes of the endocrine apparatus of salivary gland.
In malnutrition we confirmed hyperplasia of the endocrine apparatus of salivary gland and pancreas, but with the complication of pneumonia and dysentery this endocrine apparatus is also degenerated.
In rickets, which is refractory against vitamin D, we confirmed the disturbance of endocrine apparatus of salivary gland.
We confirmed the close relationship between the disturbance of endocrine apparatus of salivary gland and the elasticomalacia of artery, i. e. arteriopathia senilis (Nordmann), but could not establish a direct relationship to the arteriosclerosis.
In all our cases of arterial bleeding of the brain we confirmed degeneration of the endocrine apparatus of salivary gland as well as in the cases of emphysema.
We are inclined to conclude that the endocrine function of salivary gland maintains the proliferation of mesenchymal tissues, i. e. cartilage, bone, teeth, elastic fiber, reticulo‐endothelial system, connective and hematopoetic tissues.
These diseases, which seem to be primarily caused by the disturbance of endocrine function of salivary gland, are recovered by adequate substitutional application of salivary hormone.
Immuno‐Morphological Study in Tuberculosis, Especially the Lesions Caused by Dead Tubercle Bacilli Embedded in Paraffin‐oil
Authors: Hojimaki Shigeo , Kawauchi Juzo 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe extensively widespread occurrence of the lesions caused by dead tubercle bacilli embedded in paraffin‐oil may be essential for the establishment of the state of hypersensitivity, even if such lesions may be an innocent tuberculoid change. And the fact that the lesions or metastatic foci are chiefly formed by invading the lymph channels, may probably play an important role in the mechanism of the occurrence of such innocent tuberculoid changes.Therefore, the tuberculo‐immunity premises the existence of tuberculous change; namely, it is exactly similar to that of typhoid fever.
The Use of Fluorescence in the Histochemical Technique for Phosphatase
Authors: Takeuchi Tadao , Nogami Shinichiro 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYA new fluorescence method for histochemical demonstration of phosphatase is presented by use of riboflavin‐5‐phosphoric ester as substrate. Consideration of mechanism of the yellow coloring in situ of the enzyme activity is described. Distribution of riboflavin‐nucleotidase in rabbit tissues is compared with nonspecific phosphatase and 5‐nucleotidase.
Two CASES OF PERIARTERITIS NODOSA
Authors: Tamai Sadami 
Published: December 2008

SummaryTwo autopsy cases of periarteritis nodosa were presented in this paper, including a 18 year and 3 month old male and a 29 year and 8 month old female. It may be that the changes in small and middle‐sized arteries of the whole body are main and secondarily gave rise to most of other lesions. Although there were various pictures in the arterial lesions, the author inclined to summarize these findings as follows:–Following primary development of fibrinoid degenerations in the intima and in the inner part of the media, infiltrations of cells occur in the adventitia and gradually replace the media and the intima, resulting in loosening of arterial walls. Fibrocytes proliferate and replace these loose walls and granulation tissues are formed here. At this time the lumens show thrombosis with intimal proliferation, developing pictures of arteritis obliterans. As the granulation tissues become old and cicatrized, recanalization occurs in the lumen and fibrosis in the adventitia. Occasionally, some cicatrized areas may show infiltration of cells with loosening of tissue connection, which suggests replacement of inflammation. Elastic fibers, when involved, may show fragmentation or even disappearance and in the granulation tissue argyrophile fibres are increased in number. That the above mentioned changes in the arteries do not occur at the same time but changes at different stages are mixed, will explain the variety of the histologic picture, and inconstancy of reactions of the internal organs will give rise to variable clinical manifestations. These changes observed in vascular walls correspond to Arkin's description at stage I to IV of periarteritis nodosa. It is of interest that in case 1, despite the presence of typical nodular sclerosis macro‐scopically, early lesions were not conspicuous histologically and in case 2, gross examination failed to find typical nodular sclerosis, but evidence of periarteritis nodosa as well as early lesions was well revealed histologically. These differences between two cases suggest that the histological changes may be influenced by the clinical course and the dose of steroid hormones given to each case.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Kawai Sadao , Ishida Yoichi , Nagashima Isamu , Sato Kazuo , Niibe Hideo 
Published: December 2008

Summary1. Experimental induction of gliogenous tumors was made by implanting methylcholanthrene pellets into the brain of laboratory animals. Two hundred and forty‐two mice of C3H, ddN, CF1, CFW, C57BL strain and 212 rats of Wistar and Donryu strain were employed in this experiment. A total of 112 mice and 21 rats were found to have tumor. By histological examinations, 39 tumors in mice and 13 in rats were classified as gliomas, 8 tumors in mice and 1 in rat as mixed glioma and sarcomas, and the others as mesenchymal tissue tumors.2. Experimantally produced tumors were successfully transplanted into the brain and the subcutis of animals of the same strain. They were capable of subsequent transfer through a number of generations. The transplants recapitulated the histological features of the parent tissue, but they became less pleomorphic and more undifferentiated in appearance. Experimental gliomas were also successfully transplanted into the heterogeneous strains.3. By applying the criteria employed in the classification of human glioma, the experimentally produced gliomas were subclassified into glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma‐, astrocytoma‐, and ependymoma‐like tumors. Glioblastomas comprised the majority of total gliomas. This type of glioma was closely mimiced the corresponding histological type of gliomas in man. Gliomas of adult tissue were classified according to the histology in routine sections. By special impregnation techniques and by electron microscopy it became evident that the constituent cells of this type of tumor appeared more or less anaplastic. It is, therefore, not easy to subclassify the experimental gliomas into various distinct histological types as those in man.4. The frequent production of mixed gliomas, and gliom as mixed with sarcoma was5. Tumors of mesodermal origin were also produced in die experiments. The frequency of their production constitutes one of the characteristic features of experimental tumors in mice. It is argued mat intracerebral vessels and meninges are possible sources of die experimental tumors of mesodermal origin.6. Decisive evidences about the problem of topographical peculiarities in different histological types of experimental gliomas were not obtained in this experiment. There was no tumor incidence with the histology of medulloblastoma in man. Therefore, this study failed to afford any evidence that medulloblastoma is a neuroblastoma derived from the adult neurons in the granular layers of the cerebellar cortex.
INDUCTION OF A DISEASE RESEMBLING SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN LATER STAGE OF PROLONGED SENSITIZATION IN RABBITS*
Authors: Okabayashi Atsushi 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIt is of considerable interest that a complex disorder, both of the blood and tissue, resembling that in human systemic lupus erythematosus was induced in rabbits during the later stage of prolonged sensitization with foreign proteins (egg albumin or egg white) and living bacteria (Escherichia coli). In this paper, data on experimental systemic lupus has been reported.While the experimental systemic degenerative alterations of the connective tissue are accentuated by cardiac lesions of the Libman‐Sacks endocaritis type, wire‐loop glomerular lesions in the kidney, onion‐skin vascular lesions in the spleen and lymph nodes, and skin lesions, the experimental LE phenomenon in tissues, as well as in in vitro‐blood preparatons, seems to be comparable in detail to that of systemic lupus erythematosus in man.It should not be overlooked, however, that in experimental systemic lupus or its related conditions there exists the post‐hyperergic dedifferentiation of antibody‐forming tissues, in reflection of which there could be induced LE phenomenon and dysglobulinemia along with further systemic degerative alterations of the connective tissue.