bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in Korea
Authors: Park Su Cheol , Jeong Sook‐Hyang , Kim Jin , Han Chul Ju , Kim You Cheoul , Choi Kui Sung , Cho Jang Hyun , Lee Myoungjin , Jung Ha Hyun , Ki Seung Seog , Chang Yoon Hwan , Lee Seung Sook , Park Yeon Hee , Lee Kee Ho 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study assessed the association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in a highly HBV‐endemic area. The prevalence of either HBV or HCV infection in 235 patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was compared with that of an age‐ and sex‐matched hospital control group of 235 patients. The prevalence of HBV infection was higher in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (15.5%) than control (8.1%), but the prevalence of HCV infection in the non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients (2.1%) and control group (3%) was similar. HBV prevalence increased significantly with age in the B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. The presence of HBV proteins and DNA in lymphoma tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HBV‐infected non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients was also investigated using immunohistochemistry and PCR. HBV DNA was frequently detected in PBMCs from HBV‐infected non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, but HBV antigens were not. Therefore, HBV infection, but not HCV infection, was associated with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in Korea, suggesting a possible role for HBV in the development of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. J. Med. Virol. 80:960–966, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymptomatic reactivation and shed of infectious varicella zoster virus in astronauts
Authors: Cohrs Randall J. , Mehta Satish K. , Schmid D. Scott , Gilden Donald H. , Pierson Duane L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVaricella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox), after which virus becomes latent in ganglia along the entire neuraxis. Virus reactivation produces zoster (shingles). Infectious VZV is found in vesicles of patients with zoster and varicella, but virus shed in the absence of disease has not been documented. VZV DNA was previously detected in saliva of astronauts during and after spaceflight, a uniquely stressful environment in which cell mediated immunity (CMI) is temporally dampened. The decline in CMI to VZV associated with zoster led to the hypothesis that infectious VZV would also be present in the saliva of astronauts subjected to stress of spaceflight. Herein, not only was the detection of salivary VZV DNA associated with spaceflight validated, but also infectious virus was detected in saliva from 2 of 3 astronauts. This is the first demonstration of shed of infectious VZV in the absence of disease. J. Med. Virol. 80:1116–1122, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the environment and of mothers in transmission of rotavirus infections in the neonatal nursery
Authors: Ramani Sasirekha , Arumugam Rajesh , Gopalarathinam Nithya , Mohanty Ipsita , Mathew Sudhin , Gladstone Beryl Primrose , Jana Atanu Kumar , Kuruvilla Kurien Anil , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA distinct feature of neonatal rotavirus infection is the association of unusual strains that appear to be prevalent only in neonatal units and persist for long periods of time. The main aims of this study were to determine if rotavirus can be detected on environmental surfaces in the neonatal nursery and whether the infection occurs in mothers of infected and uninfected neonates. Thirty rotavirus positive neonates and an equal number of negative neonates were enrolled in this study. Stool samples from 15 mothers in each group and environmental swabs collected from the bed and surfaces around neonates were tested for rotavirus using single round and nested PCR for the VP6 gene. Rotavirus could be detected in environmental swabs using single round PCR for VP6 gene in 40% of neonates positive for rotavirus antigen by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and 33.3% of EIA negative neonates. The detection rate was almost 100% using the nested VP6 PCR. Rotavirus was detected in maternal samples only if the nested VP6 PCR was used, with no significant difference between rates of rotavirus detection in maternal fecal samples of infected and uninfected neonates (p‐0.4). Sequence analysis of nested VP6 amplicons from two environmental swabs revealed them to be closest in identity to G10P[11], the most common genotype causing infections in neonates in this setting. Interestingly, sequences of amplicons from maternal stool samples did not cluster with G10P[11] or other VP6 subgroup I strains but showed clustering with human strains of VP6 subgroup II. J. Med. Virol. 80:1099–1105, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotypes of varicella‐zoster virus wild‐type strains in Germany
Authors: Sauerbrei A. , Zell R. , Philipps A. , Wutzler P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSurveillance of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) genotypes is indicated in Germany after implementation of universal varicella vaccination. This article reports genotyping data of 77 VZV strains obtained from 54 patients with varicella, 1 newborn with congenital varicella syndrome, 2 fetuses with intrauterine VZV infection and 20 cases with zoster. Fragments of the open reading frames (ORF) 1, 21, 22, 37, 50, 54, and 60 were analyzed by sequencing. In addition, the PstI polymorphism of the ORF 38 was characterized. Thirty strains, 22 from varicella and 8 from zoster, had the genetic markers of genotype E2, 2 of them carried new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Twenty‐nine VZV isolates, 17 from varicella, and 12 from zoster, could be analyzed as E1 strains, 6 of them as E1 variants containing individual SNPs. Finally, 17 strains taken from primary VZV infection were classified as genotype M1, 13 of which belonged to the M1 subtype 1, 3 to the M1 subtype 2, and 1 to the M1 subtype 3. One strain was regarded as potential E2/J recombinant. In conclusion, VZV genotypes E2, E1, and M1 can be found in nearly equal incidence in varicella in Germany. The most frequent group is attributed to the genotype E2. Genotype M1 strains can only be detected after primary VZV infection and not in zoster cases. The possible recombinant could not be classified definitely by the scattered SNP method used and, therefore, has to be confirmed by full‐genome sequencing studies. J. Med. Virol. 80:1123–1130, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of VP4 and VP7 genotypes of human rotavirus in Ecuadorian children with acute diarrhea
Authors: Naranjo Alfredo , Cedeño Cecilia , Teran Enrique , Castello Alejandro ,   and the CASERO Research Team
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to determine rotavirus etiology and prevalence of the different rotavirus serotypes in Ecuadorian children younger than 5 years of age with gastroenteritis. Children (729) less than 5 years of age with acute diarrhea from either public or private primary health care centers in 10 different provinces of Ecuador, between March 2006 and August 2006 were included in the study. Rotavirus infection was diagnosed using a commercial immunoenzymatic test. Rotavirus isolated from stool samples was genotyped. Rotavirus was detected in the feces of 269 of the 729 children (37%) with diarrhea. The most prevalent G genotypes were G9 (46.1%) and G2 (27.2%), while the predominant P genotypes were P[8] (57%) and P[4] (29.5%). Among the single infections, the predominant P/G combinations were: P[8]G9 (56.9%) and P[4]G2 (32.6%). The present countrywide survey is one of the major studies for one single season in Latin America and the first in its class in Ecuador. The value of expanding laboratory capability throughout Latin America in order to monitor rotavirus strains over time, with special attention directed at those strains obtained from children who experience vaccine failure, is critical. Only continuous monitoring of rotavirus disease burden and genotype surveillance will provide this information. J. Med. Virol. 80:1106–1111, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human influenza virus infection and apoptosis induction in human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Sumikoshi Makoto , Hashimoto Koichi , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Sakuma Hiroko , Suzutani Tatsuo , Suzuki Hitoshi , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAcute encephalopathy accompanying influenza virus infection results in brain and systemic organ failure mainly through vasogenic edema with high levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as blood tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6, as well as the cytochrome c apoptosis marker. A highly virulent strain of avian influenza virus causes fatal infection in chickens by infecting vascular endothelial cells in systemic organs, inducing apoptosis therein. To verify the possibility of apoptosis induction by human influenza virus in infected human vascular endothelial cells, purified influenza virus‐infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were examined using a tissue culture method. When pre‐treated with TNF‐α, influenza virus (Philippine strain, H3N2) promoted TNF‐α induced apoptosis of HUVECs. Viral replication was confirmed in HUVECs infected with the Philippine strain in the absence of TNF‐α by measurement of the amount of infective virus in the culture supernatant using the tissue culture infectious dose (TCID) method, immunohistochemistry and real‐time PCR. The number of influenza virus genomes in the infected HUVECs at 24 hr post‐infection increased about fivefold compared to that just after virus adsorption. Many TUNEL‐positive influenza virus‐infected HUVECs were observed using the TUNEL method. Furthermore, cleaved caspase 3 was also detected in influenza virus‐infected cells by immunofluorescence staining. These results demonstrated that human influenza virus can infect and replicate in human vascular endothelial cells and induce apoptosis therein. J. Med. Virol. 80:1072–1078, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of protein expression of the simian virus 40 large T antigen in human lymphomas
Authors: Went Philip , Seemayer Christian A. , Pileri Stefano , Maurer Robert , Tzankov Alexandar , Dirnhofer Stephan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have detected Simian virus 40 (SV40) deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in human tumor tissues, including lymphomas, mainly by the polymerase chain reaction, but these data were not confirmed by subsequent investigations. Regional differences in the distribution of the SV40 and/or technical difficulties have been taken into account to explain these divergent results, but because only a few such studies dealt with the expression of SV40 proteins in tumor tissues, we investigated the expression of the SV40 large T antigen in human lymphomas by immunohistochemistry. Tissue microarrays containing Non‐Hodgkin's‐lymphomas and Hodgkin's‐lymphomas were constructed utilizing archival samples encompassing the years 1974–2001 from Italian, Swiss and Austrian patients. Expression of the SV40 large T antigen was analysed by highly specific and sensitive immunohistochemistry using a mouse monoclonal antibody. Protein expression of the large T antigen was not detected in 655 Non‐Hodgkin's‐lymphomas or in 337 Hodgkin's‐ lymphomas. The results suggest the absence of an association between SV40 large T antigen and human lymphomas. J. Med. Virol. 80:1112–1115, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential of HILIC‐MS in quantitative bioanalysis of drugs and drug metabolites
Authors: Hsieh Yunsheng 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOne fundamental requirement for many lead optimization processes is the need for bioanalytical support within pharmaceutical drug discovery and development. Currently, most bioanalytical methods for pharmaceutical analysis employ HPLC coupled with MS/MS. The combination of HPLC and MS/MS detection frequently offers the complete resolution of the dosed compounds from their metabolites and the endogenous interferences to avoid extra efforts for chemical separation and sample clean‐up procedures resulting in higher‐throughput assays for a series of new chemical entities (NCEs). Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for the retention of polar analytes offering a difference in selectivity compared to traditional RP chromatography. This review summarizes the HILIC‐MS/MS methods for the trace quantitative determinations of the drug compounds and their metabolites to support both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The challenges on performing HILIC‐MS/MS assays such as matrix ionization suppression and the potential for endogenous interferences are also presented.
Evaluation of hydrophilic interaction chromatography versus reversed‐phase chromatography in a plant metabolomics perspective
Authors: t'Kindt Ruben , Storme Michael , Deforce Dieter , Van Bocxlaer Jan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe metabolomics goal, the unbiased relative quantification of all metabolites in a biological system, still lacks a universal analytical approach. In the LC‐MS line of approach, one of the major problems encountered is the polar nature of a large group of (plant) metabolites. Here, we investigate the potential of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and compare its qualities with extended polarity RP chromatography. Two opposite LC phase compositions (Atlantis dC18 vs. TSKgel Amide‐80) are compared in a plant metabolomics setting. Both performed equally well with regard to retentive capacities, but variation in peak area was about 5% higher for the HILIC approach. Focussing on matrix effects (ME) on the other hand, it was observed that this well‐known problem in RP LC‐MS metabolomics was not reduced on using hydrophilic interaction chromatography.
Development of retention prediction models for adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists on a polyvinyl alcohol‐bonded stationary phase in hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Quiming Noel S. , Denola Nerissa L. , Samsuri Shahril Reza Bin , Saito Yoshihiro , Jinno Kiyokatsu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRetention prediction models based on multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) for adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists chromatographed on a polyvinyl alcohol‐bonded stationary phase under hydrophilic interaction chromatography were described. The models showed the combined effects of solute structure and mobile phase composition on the retention behavior of the analytes. Using stepwise MLR, the retentions of the studied compounds were satisfactorily described by a five‐predictor model; the predictors being the %ACN, the logarithm of the partition coefficient (log D), the number of hydrogen bond donors (HBD), the desolvation energy for octanol (FOct), and the total absolute atomic charge (TAAC). The inclusion of the solute‐related descriptors suggested that hydrophilic interactions such as hydrogen bonding and also ionic interactions are possible mechanisms by which analytes are retained on the studied system. ANN prediction models were also derived using the predictors derived from MLR as inputs and log k as outputs. The best network architectures were found to be 5‐3‐1 for the datasets at pH 3.0 and 4.0, and 5‐4‐1 for the dataset at pH 5.0. The optimized ANNs showed better predictive properties than the MLR models for both training and test sets under all pH conditions.
The application of novel 1.7 μm ethylene bridged hybrid particles for hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Grumbach Eric S. , Diehl Diane M. , Neue Uwe D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn un‐derivatized 1.7 μm ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) particle was evaluated for its utility in retaining polar species in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), and was compared to a 3 μm un‐derivatized silica material. Retentivity as a function of mobile phase pH, polar modifier and ACN content was examined. Also, the efficiency of the two particle substrates was compared by plotting HETP vs. linear velocity. Improved chemical resistance of the un‐derivatized BEH particle was compared to un‐derivatized silica at pH 5, demonstrating no performance deterioration over the course of 2000 injections for the BEH particle, while the silica particle deteriorated rapidly after 800 injections. Lastly, ESI‐MS sensitivity as a function of particle size and separation mode was demonstrated. A 2.2 to 4.7‐times higher ESI‐MS response was observed on the 1.7 μm particle compared to the 3 μm particle, whereas a 5.6 to 8.8‐times higher ESI‐MS response was observed using HILIC as when compared to traditional RP chromatography.
Design of GRIN optical components for coupling and interconnects
Authors: Gomez‐Reino C. , Perez M.V. , Bao C. , Flores‐Arias M.T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper reviews the design of some optical systems for coupling and interconnection by GRIN components. The optical systems designed with these components are based on imaging and transforming properties of such components to carry out specific functions. First of all, a brief description of light propagation through GRIN materials will be given. After that, a device to couple light by a GRIN fiber lens into fibers of different core sizes with low loss is described. The coupling efficiency as well as the coupling loss are studied versus variation of the GRIN fiber lens length and the refractive‐index profile of the coupler. The design of crossover and parallel interconnects by using a GRIN planar structure will be presented. The optical analysis includes the PSF for describing the performance of the device and the SBP for estimating the numbers of channels that can be handled. The dependence of the number of channels on the wavelength of light and the transverse aperture of the planar interconnect is shown.
Adaptive 4D MR imaging using navigator‐based respiratory signal for MRI‐guided therapy
Authors: Tokuda Junichi , Morikawa Shigehiro , Haque Hasnine A. , Tsukamoto Tetsuji , Matsumiya Kiyoshi , Liao Hongen , Masamune Ken , Dohi Takeyoshi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFor real‐time 3D visualization of respiratory organ motion for MRI‐guided therapy, a new adaptive 4D MR imaging method based on navigator echo and multiple gating windows was developed. This method was designed to acquire a time series of volumetric 3D images of a cyclically moving organ, enabling therapy to be guided by synchronizing the 4D image with the actual organ motion in real time. The proposed method was implemented in an open‐configuration 0.5T clinical MR scanner. To evaluate the feasibility and determine optimal imaging conditions, studies were conducted with a phantom, volunteers, and a patient. In the phantom study the root mean square (RMS) position error in the 4D image of the cyclically moving phantom was 1.9 mm and the imaging time was ≈10 min when the 4D image had six frames. In the patient study, 4D images were successfully acquired under clinical conditions and a liver tumor was discriminated in the series of frames. The image quality was affected by the relations among the encoding direction, the slice orientation, and the direction of motion of the target organ. In conclusion, this study has shown that the proposed method is feasible and capable of providing a real‐time dynamic 3D atlas for surgical navigation with sufficient accuracy and image quality. Magn Reson Med 59:1051–1061, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multishot diffusion‐weighted SPLICE PROPELLER MRI of the abdomen
Authors: Deng Jie , Omary Reed A. , Larson Andrew C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMultishot FSE (fast spin echo)‐based diffusion‐weighted (DW)‐PROPELLER (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction) MRI offers the potential to reduce susceptibility artifacts associated with single‐shot DW‐EPI (echo‐planar imaging) approaches. However, DW‐PROPELLER in the abdomen is challenging due to the large field‐of‐view and respiratory motion during DW preparation. Incoherent signal phase due to motion will violate the Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) conditions, leading to destructive interference between spin echo and stimulated echo signals and consequent signal cancellation. The SPLICE (split‐echo acquisition of FSE signals) technique can mitigate non‐CPMG artifacts in FSE‐based sequences. For SPLICE, spin echo and stimulated echo are separated by using imbalanced readout gradients and extended acquisition window. Two signal families each with coherent phase properties are acquired at different intervals within the readout window. Separate reconstruction of these two signal families can avoid destructive phase interference. Phantom studies were performed to validate signal phase properties with different initial magnetization phases. This study evaluated the feasibility of combining SPLICE and PROPELLER for DW imaging of the abdomen. It is demonstrated that DW‐SPLICE‐PROPELLER can effectively mitigate non‐CPMG artifacts and improve DW image quality and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map homogeneity. Magn Reson Med 59:947–953, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fat suppression for 1H MRSI at 7T using spectrally selective adiabatic inversion recovery
Authors: Balchandani Priti , Spielman Daniel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractProton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) at 7T offers many advantages, including increased SNR and spectral resolution. However, technical difficulties associated with operating at high fields, such as increased B1 and B0 inhomogeneity, severe chemical shift localization error, and converging T1 values, make the suppression of the broad lipid peaks which can obscure targeted metabolite signals, particularly challenging. Conventional short tau inversion recovery can successfully suppress fat without restricting the selected volume, but only with significant metabolite signal loss. In this work, we have designed two new pulses for frequency‐selective inversion recovery that achieve B1‐insensitive fat suppression without degrading the signal from the major metabolites of interest. The first is a spectrally selective adiabatic pulse to be used in a volumetric 1H MRSI sequence and the second is a spatial‐spectral adiabatic pulse geared toward multi‐slice 1H MRSI. Partial interior volume selection may be used in addition to the pulses, to exclude areas with severe B0 inhomogeneity. Some differences in the spectral profile as well as degree of suppression make each pulse valuable for different applications. 7T phantom and in vivo data show that both pulses significantly suppress fat, while leaving most of the metabolite signal intact. Magn Reson Med 59:980–988, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Slice‐selective tunable‐flip adiabatic low peak‐power excitation pulse
Authors: Balchandani Priti , Pauly John , Spielman Daniel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAdiabatic pulses are useful in achieving uniform excitation profiles in the presence of B1‐inhomogeneity. At higher fields, this inhomogeneity becomes more severe, further amplifying the need for B1‐insensitive excitation. Although gradient modulation techniques for slice‐selective adiabatic excitation have been introduced, a pulse that falls within the gradient and RF amplifier limits for most commercial human scanners is currently unavailable. In this work, we present an alternative gradient modulated approach for pulse design that achieves adiabatic slice selection with significantly lower RF peak power requirements. The resulting Slice‐selective Tunable‐flip AdiaBatic Low peak‐power Excitation (STABLE) pulse consists of an oscillating gradient in conjunction with a BIR‐4‐like RF envelope that is sampled by many short spatial subpulses to achieve spatial selectivity. Simulations show that the expected spatial profile as well as the off‐resonance behavior of the pulse remain invariant for a range of B1 values. Phantom and in vivo results demonstrate the adiabaticity and slice selectivity of the STABLE pulse. Magn Reson Med 59:1072–1078, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.