bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced glycation end products induce in vitro cross‐linking of α‐synuclein and accelerate the process of intracellular inclusion body formation
Authors: Shaikh Shamim , Nicholson Louise F.B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCross‐linking of α‐synuclein and Lewy body formation have been implicated in the dopaminergic neuronal cell death observed in Parkinson's disease (PD); the mechanisms responsible, however, are not clear. Reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been found in the intracellular, α‐synuclein‐positive Lewy bodies in the brains of both PD as well as incidental Lewy body disease patients, suggesting a role for AGEs in α‐synuclein cross‐linking and Lewy body formation. The aims of the present study were to determine 1) whether AGEs can induce cross‐linking of α‐synuclein peptides, 2) the progressive and time‐dependent intracellular accumulation of AGEs and inclusion body formation, and 3) the effects of extracellular or exogenous AGEs on intracellular inclusion formation. We first investigated the time‐dependent cross‐linking of recombinant human α‐synuclein in the presence of AGEs in vitro, then used a cell culture model based on chronic rotenone treatment of human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells (SH‐SY5Y) over a period of 1–4 weeks, in the presence of different doses of AGEs. Cells (grown on coverslips) and cell lysates, collected at the end of every week, were analyzed for the presence of intracellular reactive oxygen species, AGEs, α‐synuclein proteins, and intracellular α‐synuclein‐ and AGE‐positive inclusion bodies by using immunocytochemical, biochemical, and Western blot techniques. Our results show that AGEs promote in vitro cross‐linking of α‐synuclein, that intracellular accumulation of AGEs precedes α‐synuclein‐positive inclusion body formation, and that extracellular AGEs accelerate the process of intracellular α‐synuclein‐positive inclusion body formation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient 5‐(4‐phenylbutoxy)psoralen (PAP‐1) treatment dissociates developing pathologies in autoimmune optic neuritis into two distinct pathology profiles
Authors: Stokely Martha E. , Garg Puja , Bhat Manzoor A. , Koulen Peter 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDiscovery of treatments to protect axonal function of neurons and prevent permanent disability associated with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) has faced the uphill challenge of assessing relatively small changes in accumulated axon damage within a background environment that is disorganized by CNS inflammation. We hypothesized that transient immunosuppression after initiation of MS‐like autoimmune mechanisms would disassociate development of MS‐like myelinated axon pathology from development of CNS inflammation in a rat model of autoimmune optic neuritis (AON). A rat model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide‐induced AON was transiently treated (on days 3–7 after antigen exposure) with 5‐(4‐phenylbutoxy)psoralen (PAP‐1), an immunomodulatory drug previously shown specifically to suppress proliferation of effector memory T‐cells and immunoglobulin class‐switched B‐cells. Thirteen days after antigen exposure, optic nerves were harvested for quantitative assessment of 12 MS‐associated pathologies using microfluorimetry. With one exception, the immunoreactivities (‐ir) for eight markers of MS‐like neuroinflammation and immune infiltration were significantly reduced (P< 0.05) by transient PAP‐1 treatment, often to levels significantly below those detected in normal control rat optic nerves. With one exception, four immunoreactive markers of MS‐like myelinated axon pathology were detected at levels indicating increased axon/myelin pathology compared with vehicle‐treated rats with AON (P< 0.05). These data suggest the conclusion that early causative mechanisms in CNS autoimmunity initiate signaling mechanisms that diverge into two separate pathways, one that is strongly associated with inflammatory responses and one that is associated predominantly with disturbed axon‐myelin interactions and impaired fast axonal transport. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adult human spinal cord harbors neural precursor cells that generate neurons and glial cells in vitro
Authors: Dromard C. , Guillon H. , Rigau V. , Ripoll C. , Sabourin J.C. , Perrin F.E. , Scamps F. , Bozza S. , Sabatier P. , Lonjon N. , Duffau H. , Vachiery‐Lahaye F. , Prieto M. , Tran Van Ba C. , Deleyrolle L. , Boularan A. , Langley K. , Gaviria M. , Privat A. , Hugnot J.P. , Bauchet L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAdult human and rodent brains contain neural stem and progenitor cells, and the presence of neural stem cells in the adult rodent spinal cord has also been described. Here, using electron microscopy, expression of neural precursor cell markers, and cell culture, we investigated whether neural precursor cells are also present in adult human spinal cord. In well‐preserved nonpathological post‐mortem human adult spinal cord, nestin, Sox2, GFAP, CD15, Nkx6.1, and PSA‐NCAM were found to be expressed heterogeneously by cells located around the central canal. Ultrastructural analysis revealed the existence of immature cells close to the ependymal cells, which display characteristics of type B and C cells found in the adult rodent brain subventricular region, which are considered to be stem and progenitor cells, respectively. Completely dissociated spinal cord cells reproducibly formed Sox2+ nestin+ neurospheres containing proliferative precursor cells. On differentiation, these generate glial cells and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic neurons. These results provide the first evidence for the existence in the adult human spinal cord of neural precursors with the potential to differentiate into neurons and glia. They represent a major interest for endogenous regeneration of spinal cord after trauma and in degenerative diseases. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Folic acid deficiency increases delayed neuronal death, DNA damage, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 immunoreactivity, and gliosis in the hippocampus after transient cerebral ischemia
Authors: Hwang In Koo , Yoo Ki‐Yeon , Suh Hong‐Won , Kim Young Sup , Kwon Dae Young , Kwon Young‐Guen , Yoo Jun‐Hyun , Won Moo‐Ho 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFolic acid deficiency increases stroke risk. In the present study, we examined whether folic acid deficiency enhances neuronal damage and gliosis via oxidative stress in the gerbil hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia. Animals were exposed to a folic acid‐deficient diet (FAD) for 3 months and then subjected to occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 5 min. Exposure to an FAD increased plasma homocysteine levels by five‐ to eightfold compared with those of animals fed with a control diet (CD). In CD‐treated animals, most neurons were dead in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion, whereas, in FAD‐treated animals, this occurred 3 days after ischemia/reperfusion. Immunostaining for 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) was performed to examine DNA damage in CA1 neurons in both groups after ischemia, and it was found that 8‐OHdG immunoreactivity in both FAD and CD groups peaked at 12 hr after reperfusion, although the immunoreactivity in the FAD group was much greater than that in the CD group. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 (PECAM‐1; a final mediator of neutrophil transendothelial migration) immunoreactivity in both groups increased with time after ischemia/reperfusion: Its immunoreactivity in the FAD group was much higher than that in the CD group 3 days after ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, reactive gliosis in the ischemic CA1 region increased with time after ischemia in both groups, but astrocytosis and microgliosis in the FAD group were more severe than in the CD group at all times after ischemia. Our results suggest that folic acid deficiency enhances neuronal damage induced by ischemia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopic study of artificially aged natural and dyed wool
Authors: Doherty Brenda , Miliani Costanza , Berghe Ina Vanden , Sgamellotti Antonio , Brunetti Brunetto Giovanni 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of micro‐Raman spectroscopy as a non‐invasive vibrational spectroscopic technique applied to the examination of wool samples, which may be applied to textile materials of cultural heritage interest. In this work, a selection of wool materials were primarily investigated in their unaged states through the utility of a natural wool reference together with selected samples dyed with different natural colorants, namely woad, weld and madder. The identification of the main modes of vibration of the wool fibre keratin was assessed in all the samples, which aided the determination of the changes within the protein structure, in particular, through the cysteine and peptide cross‐linkages brought about by the addition of the dyes that can produce effects similar to degradation. The dye too was assessed importantly to enable its identification through its characteristic scattering or fluorescence emissions on a woollen matrix, as well as to ascertain whether a uniform covering across the surface of the wool was achieved or not. Regarding the artificial degradation of the samples it was possible to observe numerous modifications within the molecular structure of the wool, in particular, within the amide I, CH bending, amide III and S‐S stretchings along with the physical photo‐yellowing of fibres given by the presence of lipids dispersed across the surface of the wool. The effects of ageing on the dyed samples were also investigated, indicating that many of the bands relative to the colorants were still present, yet so too were numerous vibrations from the wool that also indicated a certain level of stress and degradation to the underlying wool. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman identification of corrosion products on automotive galvanized steel sheets
Authors: Colomban P. , Cherifi S. , Despert G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIron oxides (haematite, maghemite, magnetite), (oxy)hydroxides (lepidocrocite), carbonates, as well as zinc carbonate and oxide, have been identified on corroded galvanized steel samples after corrosion accelerating tests in the laboratory and compared with those observed on samples taken from vehicles that have been in circulation for five years in severe weather conditions. Spectra recorded on the corroded parts are compared with synthesized compounds. (Hydroxy)carbonates are clearly evidenced on galvanized and phosphated steel sheets. Corrosion layers beneath the paint could be detected. White regions always correspond to a ZnO‐rich phase but maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3) and sometimes akaganite (β‐FeOOHCl) are observed at the centre (maroon) of very corroded spots. Maghemite is observed in strongly corroded regions. Goethite (α‐) and lepidocrocite (γ‐FeOOH) (and akaganite) are observed at the surface of less corroded regions of phosphate‐free galvanized steel and are absent for phosphate‐coated steel. Green rust is observed only on galvanized samples corroded in the laboratory. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of systemic inflammation on outcome following resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Gomez Dhanwant , Morris‐Stiff Gareth , Toogood Giles J. , Lodge J. Peter A. , Prasad K. Rajendra 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAimsTo analyse the results and prognostic factors affecting disease‐free and overall survival following potentially curative resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC).MethodsPatients undergoing resection for IHCC from January 1996 to December 2006 were included. Data analysed included demographics, clinical and histopathology data.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were identified with a median age of 57 (32–84) years. The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 74%, 16% and 16%, and 44%, 15% and 15%, respectively. On univariate analysis, age <65 years, female gender, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 5, micro‐vascular invasion and lymph node involvement were predictors of poorer overall survival. Multivariate analysis did not identify any independent predictors of overall survival. A NLR ≥ 5 was the only adverse predictor of disease‐free survival. The median disease‐free survival of patients with NLR ≥ 5 was 6 months compared to 18 months for those with NLR < 5. There was a significant association between patients with a NLR ≥ 5 and larger tumour size, satellite lesions, micro‐vascular invasion and lymph node involvement.ConclusionLong‐term outcome following resection of IHCC is poor. A pre‐operative NLR ≥ 5 was an adverse predictor of disease‐free survival and was associated with an aggressive tumour biology profile. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:513–518. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are buccal cancers in India and Canada any different?
Authors: Pathak K.A. , Nason R.W. , Talole S.D. , Abdoh A.A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground and objectiveTo compare the treatment outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of buccal mucosa in India and Canada.MethodsWe compared the outcome of 169 patients with SCC of buccal mucosa treated at Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), India with 64 matched patients from Cancer Care Manitoba (CCMB), Canada. Overall and cause specific survivals for the two geographical groups were calculated by Kaplan–Meir method and compared using log rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to see impact of independent variables.ResultsAt 5 years, CCMB patients had lower over all survival (57.4% vs. 67.1%; P = 0.002) than TMH ones but similar cause specific survival (76.4% vs. 74.2%; P = 0.690). Age had an independent influence on both over all and cause specific survival. After adjusting for the age confounding in the Cox proportional hazard model there was no difference in the overall survival of the two groups (HR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.51, 1.40; P = 0.509). Radiated patients had three times higher risk of dying of disease than surgically treated ones (HR = 3.03; 95% CI = 1.64, 5.60; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere was no difference in the cause specific survival between the two groups. Apparent difference in the overall survival was due to the difference in the age of presentation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:529–532. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term pancreatic endocrine function following pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy
Authors: Murakami Yoshiaki , Uemura Kenichiro , Hayashidani Yasuo , Sudo Takeshi , Hashimoto Yasushi , Ohge Hiroki , Sueda Taijiro 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate long‐term pancreatic endocrine function following pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy.MethodsRecords of 52 patients who had survived for three or more years following pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy were studied retrospectively. Serum HbA1c levels had been measured prior to and at 3‐ to 6‐month intervals after surgery.ResultsThree of 42 patients with normal preoperative serum HbA1c levels (≦5.8%), and five of 10 patients with elevated preoperative serum HbA1c levels (>5.8%) showed deterioration of glucose tolerance. Five of these eight patients developed a pancreatic fistula postoperatively. However, the average serum HbA1c levels of patients with normal preoperative serum HbA1c levels have remained within the normal range for 3–10 years after surgery.ConclusionsPancreatic endocrine function was maintained for a long‐term period after pancreatoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy. Impaired glucose tolerance appeared to be associated with postoperative pancreatic fistula formation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:519–522. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of biogenic amines in human plasma based on the derivatization with N‐hydroxy‐succinimidyl fluorescein‐O‐acetate by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Deng Ying‐Hua , Zhang Hua‐Shan , Du Xiao‐Lan , Wang Hong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn HPLC method for the determination of biogenic amines based on the precolumn derivatization with N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl fluorescein‐O‐acetate (SIFA) has been developed. The derivatization was performed at 45°C for 30 min in borate buffer (pH 8.0). The derivatives were separated on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB‐C8 column (150 mm×4.6 mm id; 5 μm) and monitored by fluorescence detection (excitation, 469 nm; emission, 512 nm). The LODs (S/N = 3) for spermine, spermidine, putrescine, cadaverine, and phenethylamine were 0.4, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.4 nM, respectively. The developed method has been successfully applied to the determination of biogenic amines in human plasma of three healthy volunteers and four cancer patients. Average recoveries for plasma samples ranged from 94 to 106% and coefficients of variation ranged from 1.8 to 4.6%. Deproteinization of plasma was accomplished with ACN to precipitate interfering substances and the centrifuged supernatant was used directly for analysis.
Sensitive detection of tumor marker CA15‐3 in human serum by capillary electrophoretic immunoassay with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ming , Zheng Yan‐Li , Cao Jun‐Tao , Chen Yong‐Hong , Li Fu‐Rong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new and sensitive non‐competitive immunoassay (IA) for tumor marker carbohydrate antigen 15‐3 (CA15‐3) by CE coupling with ECL detection has been developed. This method is based on luminol–H2O2 reaction catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The optimum CE separation and CL detection conditions were investigated. After the non‐competitive immunoreaction, the free HRP‐labeled CA15‐3 antibody (Ab*) and the bound Ab*‐antigen (Ab*‐Ag) complex were separated in a separation capillary and then catalyzed the CL reaction of luminol and H2O2 in a reaction capillary following the separation capillary. The calibration curve based on the peak areas of Ab*‐Ag complex plotted against the concentrations of CA15‐3 is in the range of 0–250 U/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9983 and the detection limit is 0.035 U/mL (S/N = 3). The response for five consecutive injections of 125 U/mL CA15‐3 resulted in RSDs of 0.83% and 3.1% for the migration time and the peak area, respectively. The method was successfully used for the quantification of CA15‐3 in human sera obtained from healthy persons and from patients with breast cancer.
Impact of Short Chain Branching on Conformations of Metallocene LLDPE Melts: NMR, Light Scattering and MD Simulation Study
Authors: Tukur Nasiru M. , Sharkh Basel F. Abu , Osei‐Twum Emmanuel Y. , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSummary: The influence of short chain branching on molecular conformations of melts and solutions of metallocene linear Low‐density polyethylene (m‐LLDPE) was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, light scattering, and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. Both T2 relaxation measurements by NMR and MD simulations suggest the loss of molecular order in m‐LLDPE at temperatures >135°C. Similar trends were observed for the radius of gyration as measured by light scattering and calculated from MD simulations vs. branch content (BC) and type. At high BC (>40 branches/1000 C) m‐LLDPE tends towards self assembly. Neither the branch type nor the BC has significant effect on the intermolecular orientation correlation function. This might be attributed to the fact that the high temperature of the melt results in loss of order in the chains. This lack of order is independent of BC or type. This result is in agreement with the results of the dihedral distribution analysis. Also, it is in agreement with our NMR T2 measurements. The radial distribution functions are nearly identical indicating no effect of branch type at low branch density on the correlation between branches and backbone segments. However, increasing the BC to 80 branches/1000C resulted in a change in the correlation between the branches and backbone segments.
Implications of LDPE Branching and Mw on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PP/LDPE Blends
Authors: Suleiman Mohammed A. , Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSummary: The influences of short chain branching (SCB) and molecular (Mw) weight of low density polyethylene (LDPE) on the solid state properties of polypropylene (PP)‐LDPE blends were investigated by mechanical and thermal techniques. DSC analysis of all blends exhibit a double melting peak at all compositions studied thus suggesting that both PP and LDPE crystals exist separately in the solid state. It was found that the SCB and Mw of LDPE influenced the modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the blends. However, elongation at break seems to be independent of the molecular characteristics of the pure homopolymer especially at PP blend composition greater than 50%. LDPE with high SCB showed broader melting peaks. Addition of a small amount of a low Mw LDPE (10%) resulted in a higher elongation at break than a high Mw LDPE. There is likely a correlation between the presence of a new peak in the thermograms of PP‐rich blends and the observed poor elongation at break.
Developments in perforator imaging for the anterolateral thigh flap: CT angiography and CT‐guided stereotaxy
Authors: Rozen W. M. , Ashton M. W. , Stella D. L. , Ferris S. , White D. C. , Phillips T. J. , Taylor G. I. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIntroduction: The anterolateral thigh flap is an increasingly popular reconstructive option despite uncertainty in its perforator anatomy. Perforators are not always present, vary in size and intramuscular course, and have variable cutaneous courses and supply. As such, preoperative imaging has become favored. Methods: The current study describes the preliminary use of two new modalities for preoperative imaging: computed tomography (CT) Angiography and CT‐guided stereotaxy. These have been utilized in the preoperative imaging of two patients undergoing ALT flap reconstruction. Each patient underwent each of these techniques combined with Doppler ultrasound, the previous standard modality. The size, location, and course of perforators were explored and compared with operative findings. Results: Both techniques are technically feasible, highly accurate, and provide more information to the surgeon than ultrasound. Conclusion: CT Angiography and CT‐guided stereotaxy are useful adjuncts to Doppler ultrasound for imaging perforators prior to ALT flaps. A larger study is suggested to quantify the accuracy of these techniques. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Pilot study of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐mobilized peripheral blood stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Cashman Neil , Tan Lih‐Yeen , Krieger Charles , Mädler Burkhard , Mackay Alex , Mackenzie Ian , Benny Barrett , Nantel Stephen , Fabros Marife , Shinobu Leslie , Yousefi Masoud , Eisen Andrew 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. It has been proposed that bone marrow (BM)‐derived cells might supply motor neurons and other cells with a cellular milieu more conducive to survival in ALS. Direct injection of stem cells in ALS is problematic because of the large expanse of the neuraxis that would need to be injected. We reasoned that transiently increasing the number of circulating hematopoietic stem cells might be a useful therapeutic approach. However, agents stimulating the activation and mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells may have adverse effects such as activation of microglial cells. We conducted a small pilot trial of the collection and reinfusion of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in ALS patients and found no adverse effects, paving the way for a properly powered therapeutic trial with an optimized regimen of G‐CSF. Muscle Nerve, 2007