bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent proteins as markers in the plant secretory pathway
Authors: Hanton Sally L. , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe use of fluorescent proteins and live cell imaging has greatly increased our knowledge of cell biology in recent years. Not only can these technologies be used to study protein trafficking under different conditions, but they have also been of use in elucidating the relationships between different organelles in a noninvasive manner. The use of multiple different fluorochromes allows the observation of interactions between organelles and between proteins, making this one of the fastest‐developing and exciting fields at this time. In this review, we discuss the multitude of fluorescent markers that have been generated to study the plant secretory pathway. Although these markers have been used to solve many mysteries in this field, some areas that require further discussion remain. Microsc. Res. Tech. 69:152–159, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Issues in confocal microscopy for quantitative FRET analysis
Authors: Wallrabe Horst , Chen Ye , Periasamy Ammasi , Barroso Margarida 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPreviously, we have carried out extensive quantitative analysis of Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) data to show that polymeric IgA receptors and their ligands cluster in endocytic membranes in the process of sorting and trafficking in polarized cells. Here, we use a similar technique to assay the organization and distribution of another membrane‐bound receptor: transferrin receptor (TFR) and its ligand, holo‐transferrin (Tfn), while explaining the step‐by‐step measures to be taken for successful quantitative analysis of the FRET data. In particular, methodological issues in FRET quantitative imaging, such as spectral bleed‐through and background correction, optimal selection of regions of interest, how to deal with outliers and pooling data and statistical analysis of FRET data, are addressed. Our results indicating a clustered organization of TFR–Tfn complexes fit the well‐known homodimeric structure of TFR. These quantitative approaches can be adapted for other biological applications of FRET. Microsc. Res. Tech. 69:196–206, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
North European last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT; 15–9 ka) tephrochronology: extended limits and new events
Authors: Turney C. S. M. , Den Burg K. Van , Wastegård S. , Davies S. M. , Whitehouse N. J. , Pilcher J. R. , Callaghan C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHigh‐precision correlation of palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental records is crucial for testing hypotheses of synchronous change. Although radiocarbon is the traditional method for dating late Quaternary sedimentary sequences, particularly during the last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT; 15–9 ka), there are inherent problems with the method, particularly during periods of climate change which are often accompanied by major perturbations in atmospheric radiocarbon content. An alternative method is the use of tephras that act as time‐parallel marker horizons. Within Europe, numerous volcanic centres are known to have erupted during the LGIT, providing considerable potential for high‐precision correlation independent of past radiocarbon fluctuations. Here we report the first identification of the Vedde Ash and Askja Tephra in Ireland, significantly extending the known provenance of these events. We have also identified two new horizons (the Roddans Port Tephras A and B) and tentatively recognise an additional horizon from Vallensgård Mose (Denmark) that provide crucial additional chronological control for the LGIT. Two phases of the Laacher See Tephra (LST) are reported, the lower Laacher See Tephra (LLST) and probably the C2 phase of the Middle Laacher See Tephra (MLST‐C2) indicating a more northeasterly distribution of this fan than reported previously. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Alendronate and vitamin D2 for prevention of hip fracture in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sato Yoshihiro , Iwamoto Jun , Kanoko Tomohiro , Satoh Kei 
Published: March 2006

The above article, published online on 14 March 2006 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and in Volume 21, Issue 7, Pages 924–929, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the Editor‐in‐Chief, Jose A. Obeso, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to an acknowledgement from the authors that the co‐authors did not participate in study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of data and drafting the manuscript. Thus all co‐authors are honorary.Reference
Sato, Y.,
Iwamoto, J.,
Kanoko, T., and
Satoh, K. (2006) . Mov Disord. doi: 10.1002/mds.20825
Atypical movement disorders in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Martino Davide , Chew Nee‐Kong , Mir Pablo , Edwards Mark J. , Quinn Niall P. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMovement disorders have only rarely been reported in association with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In such cases, chorea is the most common disorder observed, with occasional reports of hemidystonia, Parkinsonism, and hemiballism. We report here on 3 cases of APS (3 women ages 16, 46, and 56 years) who presented with movement disorders, including tics, tremor, myoclonus, and a corticobasal syndrome, never or rarely reported in association with this disease. Mild executive dysfunction was observed in all 3 patients. We also report the successful treatment of two of these patients with mild oral anticoagulation (INR 2–3). Movement disorders in APS seem more clinically heterogeneous than previously thought. Oral anticoagulation should be considered in the treatment of movement disorders associated with APS. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
CADASIL presenting with a movement disorder: A clinical study of a Chilean kindred
Authors: Miranda Marcelo , Dichgans Martin , Slachevsky Andrea , Urbina Francisco , Mena Ismael , Venegas Pablo , Galvez Marcelo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary vascular disease that usually begins with migraine, followed by repeated strokes and progressive dementia. We describe an unusual clinical presentation of this condition in members of a Chilean family with an established NOTCH3 mutation. We report early clinical, neuropsychological, transcranial ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebral blood flow, and skin biopsy findings on these patients. Of the patients, 2 presented with facial dystonia, 1 of whom had abnormal single photon emission computed tomography and transcranial ultrasound studies after normal brain MRI scans. Our report emphasizes that CADASIL must be considered in the study of patients with secondary dystonia. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
The dependence on temperature and concentration of 129Xe NMR chemical shift values of organoxenon(II) salts [RXe][Y] and of the parent molecule XeF2
Authors: Bardin Vadim V. , Frohn Hermann‐Josef 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe dependence of the 129Xe NMR chemical shift value of XeF2 on temperature and concentration was determined in a variety of prototypic media: in acidic (anhydrous HF, aHF), nonprotic but polar (dichloromethane), and basic (CD3CN‐EtCN, 1:3 v/v) solvents. The 129Xe NMR spectra of a representative series of organoxenon(II) salts [RXe][Y] (R = C6F5, heptafluoro‐1,4‐cyclohexadien‐1‐yl (cyclo‐1,4‐C6F7), pentafluoro‐1,4‐cyclohexadien‐3‐on‐1‐yl (cyclo‐3‐O‐1,4‐C6F5), CF2 = C(CF3), (CF3)2CFC≡C, C4H9C≡C; Y = BF4, AsF6) in aHF showed, compared with XeF2aHF, a quantitatively less distinct but qualitatively related dependence of δ(129Xe) vs temperature. The dependence of their δ(129Xe) values on concentration in aHF is negligible. An explanation for the different behavior of [RXe][Y] and XeF2 is offered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 9,10‐didehydro retinoic acids
Authors: Thibonnet J. , Duchêne A. , Parrain J.‐L. , Abarbri M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA new class of retinoic acids was synthesized containing a 9,10‐rigid bond. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were assigned for eight new compounds (all‐E, 13Z) containing a carboxylic acid or tertiobutylester polar end group. Assignments were based on the combination of one‐ and two‐ dimensional experiments (APT, COSY, HMBC). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
B1‐insensitive T2 preparation for improved coronary magnetic resonance angiography at 3 T
Authors: Nezafat Reza , Stuber Matthias , Ouwerkerk Ronald , Gharib Ahmed M. , Desai Milind Y. , Pettigrew Roderic I. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAt 3 T, the effective wavelength of the RF field is comparable to the dimension of the human body, resulting in B1 standing wave effects and extra variations in phase. This effect is accompanied by an increase in B0 field inhomogeneity compared to 1.5 T. This combination results in nonuniform magnetization preparation by the composite MLEV weighted T2 preparation (T2 Prep) sequence used for coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). A new adiabatic refocusing T2 Prep sequence is presented in which the magnetization is tipped into the transverse plane with a hard RF pulse and refocused using a pair of adiabatic fast‐passage RF pulses. The isochromats are subsequently returned to the longitudinal axis using a hard RF pulse. Numerical simulations predict an excellent suppression of artifacts originating from B1 inhomogeneity while achieving good contrast enhancement between coronary arteries and surrounding tissue. This was confirmed by an in vivo study, in which coronary MR angiograms were obtained without a T2 Prep, with an MLEV weighted T2 Prep and the proposed adiabatic T2 Prep. Improved quantitative and qualitative coronary MRA image measurement was achieved using the adiabatic T2 Prep at 3 T. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subsecond fluorine‐19 MRI of the lung
Authors: Wolf Ursula , Scholz Alexander , Heussel Claus Peter , Markstaller Klaus , Schreiber Wolfgang Günther 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMinimal scan times in rapid fluorine‐19 MRI using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) have been on the order of 10 s. Because of the very short T1 relaxation time of SF6 (T1 = 1.65 ms), high receiver bandwidths are necessary to allow for a high number of excitations. Since high bandwidths cause high levels of electronic noise, SNR per acquisition has been too low to further reduce scan time. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether scan times could be reduced using hexafluoroethane (C2F6), a gas with a longer T1 (T1 = 7.9 ms) at a relatively low bandwidth of 488 Hz/pixel. Gradient‐echo images were acquired during and after completion of the wash‐in of a 70% C2F6‐30% O2 mixture. Peak SNR values of 16 and 7.9 were observed for coronal projection images acquired within 2 s and 260 ms, respectively. These results demonstrate that subsecond imaging is feasible using C2F6. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional radial ultrashort echo‐time imaging with T2 adapted sampling
Authors: Rahmer Jürgen , Börnert Peter , Groen Jan , Bos Clemens 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe application of 3D radial sampling of the free‐induction decay to proton ultrashort echo‐time (UTE) imaging is reported. The effects of T2 decay during signal acquisition on the 3D radial point‐spread function are analyzed and compared to 2D radial and 1D sampling. It is found that in addition to the use of ultrashort TE, the proper choice of the acquisition‐window duration TAQ is essential for imaging short‐T2 components. For 3D radial sampling, a maximal signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) with negligible decay‐induced loss in spatial resolution is obtained for an acquisition‐window duration of TAQ ≈ 0.69 T2. For 2D and 1D sampling, corresponding values are derived as well. Phantom measurements confirm the theoretical findings and demonstrate the impact of different acquisition‐window durations on SNR and spatial resolution for a given T2 component. In vivo scans show the potential of 3D UTE imaging with T2‐adapted sampling for musculoskeletal imaging using standard MR equipment. The visualization of complex anatomy is demonstrated by extracting curved slices from the isotropically resolved 3D UTE image data. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does condition‐specific quality of life correlate with generic health‐related quality of life and objective incontinence severity in women with stress urinary incontinence?
Authors: Oh Seung‐June , Ku Ja Hyeon 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAimsWe examined the impact of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) on health‐related quality of life (QOL) and evaluated the relationships between incontinence‐specific QOL and objective disease severity.MethodsA total of 158 women (mean age 49.9) suffering from SUI were included in the study. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) and the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) were used to assess QOL in the patient and control groups.ResultsThe SF‐36 scores did not show any significant differences between the two groups except for one domain (physical functioning, P = 0.005). The patient KHQ scores were significantly lower than those of the controls (P < 0.001 for all domains). The scores of the KHQ domains correlated with those of the SF‐36 domains, but the relationship was low to moderate, ranging from −0.033 to −0.686. However, they did not correlate with Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP). When patients were divided into the low VLPP group (n = 60) and the higher VLPP group (n = 98), statistically significant differences were found between the groups for general health domains of the SF‐36 (P = 0.010) and of the KHQ (P = 0.027). No statistically significant differences were found in other domains of both questionnaires.ConclusionsThe generic QOL instrument is not a sensitive tool for measuring QOL in women with SUI. In addition, our findings suggest that objective disease severity is not associated with generic or incontinence‐specific QOL. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One‐pot synthesis of isocyanate and methacrylate multifunctionalized polyisobutylene and polyisobutylene‐based amphiphilic networks
Authors: Toman luděk , Janata Miroslav , Spěváček Jiří , Dvořánková Barbora , Látalová Petra , Vlček Petr , Sikora Antonín , Michálek Jiří , Pekárek Michal 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAmphiphilic polymer networks consisting of hydrophilic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and hydrophobic polyisobutylene (PIB) chains were synthesized from a cationic copolymer of isobutylene (IB) and 3‐isopropenyl‐α,α‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (IDI) prepared at −50 °C in dichloromethane in conjunction with SnCl4. The isocyanate groups of this random copolymer, PIB(NCO)n, were subsequently transformed in situ to methacrylate (MA) groups in the dibutyltin dilaurate‐catalyzed reaction with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) at 30 °C. The resulting PIB(MA)n with number–average molecular weight 8200 and average functionality Fn ∼ 4 per chain was in situ copolymerized radically with HEMA at 70 °C, giving rise to the amphiphilic networks containing 41 and 67 mol % HEMA. PHEMA–PIB network containing 43 mol % HEMA was also prepared by radical copolymerization of PIB(MA)n precursor with HEMA using sequential synthesis. An amphiphilic nature of the resulting networks was proved by swelling in both water and n‐heptane. PIB(NCO)n and PIB(MA)n were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEC and the latter also by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy was used for characterization of the resulting PHEMA–PIB networks. Whereas single glass‐transition temperature, Tg = −67.4 °C, was observed for the rubbery crosslinked PIB prepared by reaction of PIB(NCO)n with water, the PHEMA–PIB networks containing 67 and 41 mol % HEMA showed two Tg's: −70.4 and 102.7 °C, and −63 and 107.2 °C, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2891–2900, 2006
Ambient temperature ATRP of benzyl methacrylate as a tool for the synthesis of block copolymers with styrene
Authors: Munirasu Selvaraj , Rühe Jürgen , Dhamodharan Raghavachari 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe rapid atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of benzyl methacrylate (BnMA) at ambient temperature was used to synthesize block copolymers with styrene as the second monomer. Various block copolymers such as AB diblock, BAB symmetric and asymmetric triblock, and ABABA pentablock copolymers were synthesized in which the polymerization of one of the blocks namely BnMA was performed at ambient temperature. It is demonstrated that the block copolymerization can be performed in a controlled manner, regardless of the sequence of monomer addition via halogen exchange technique. Using this reaction condition, the composition (ratio) of one block (here BnMA) can be varied from 1 to 100. It is further demonstrated that in the multiblock copolymer syntheses involving styrene and benzyl methacrylate, it is better to start from the PS macroinitiator compared with PBnMA macroinitiator. The polymers synthesized are relatively narrow dispersed (<1.5). It is identified that the ATRP of BnMA is limited to certain molecular weights of the PS macroinitiator. Additionally, a preliminary report about the synthesis of the block copolymer of BnMA‐methyl methacrylate (MMA), both at ambient temperature, is demonstrated. Subsequent deprotection of the benzyl group using Pd/CH2 results in methacrylic acid (MAA)–methyl methacrylate (MAA–MMA) amphiphilic block copolymer. GPC, IR, and NMR are used to characterize the synthesized polymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2848–2861, 2006
Validation of an offshore occupational accident frequency prediction model—A practical demonstration using case studies
Authors: Attwood Daryl , Khan Faisal , Veitch Brian 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA model has been developed to predict the frequency and associated costs of occupational accidents in the offshore oil and gas industry. Model inputs include: (i) direct factors, such as quality of personal protective equipment; (ii) corporate factors, such as training program effectiveness; and (iii) external factors, such as royalty regime. Three applications of the model are described, two for projects in eastern Canada and one for the Gulf of Mexico drilling sector. Expert opinion is used to provide the required model input associated with the regions' safety programs. Published accident data are used to calibrate the model and validate results. The model is shown to predict actual results well, especially considering the subjective nature of the activity. The model's versatility is demonstrated through its application to different types of accident statistics and regions, and its use in generating performance measures for operators. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
Nonlinear multigrid eigenvalue solver utilizing nonorthogonal localized orbitals
Authors: Feng G. , Beck T. L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA nonlinear multigrid eigenvalue solver utilizing nonorthogonal localized orbitals is formulated and implemented on a real‐space grid. The localization of orbitals is necessary to achieve linear scaling in the computational effort. Numerical tests are performed on the benzene molecule, C20, and C60. The localization centers for the orbitals are allowed to move so as to lower the total energy. The convergence rate depends on the radius of the confined regions. Also, the convergence rate slows when the number of atoms in the system increases, and/or when unoccupied orbitals are included. The slowed convergence is due to ill‐conditioning, which is related to the kinetic contribution to the total energy. Work is in progress to alleviate the ill‐conditioning. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biomechanical aspects of dynamic stability
Authors: Meyer G. , Ayalon M. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Walking is a fundamental motor skill that significantly affects the level of independence in older adults. The amount of variability present in a walking pattern reflects the quality of neuromuscular control. It is well established that a large proportion of falls in older people occurs when walking. The prevention of falls is vital for minimizing disability, preventing injury, and impeding the development of frailty and subsequent deterioration in quality of life. The present literature review focuses on dynamic stability. In dynamic stability, both the base of support and the center of mass are in motion, and effective balance function is required. In general, older adults are expected to have different movement patterns from younger adults, expressed by differences in limb kinematics and kinetics. A better understanding of the biomechanical variables involved can help anticipate and prevent potential falls.
Hydrogen peroxide‐induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma MGC803 cells
Authors: Mao Yubin , Song Gang , Cai Qiufeng , Liu Min , Luo Haohong , Shi Mingxin , Ouyang Gaoliang , Bao Shideng 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a representative ROS, has been used to study the apoptosis of cancer cells to oxidative stress. In this study, we exploited the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in H2O2‐induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma MGC803 cells. Exposure of cells to H2O2 might cause significant viability loss and the increase in apoptotic rate. Treatment with 0.4 mmol/L H2O2 up‐regulated Bax but down‐regulated Bcl‐2 in a time‐dependent manner, while Bcl‐xL expression remained unchanged. Our results also showed that the levels of Fas and Fas‐L were increased, the pro‐caspase‐3 and pro‐caspase‐9 were down‐regulated in H2O2‐treated MGC803 cells. Under H2O2 stress, we found that the protein p53 also participated in MGC803 cells apoptosis. Taken together, the present study indicated that Fas‐mediated cell surface death receptor pathway and mitochondria‐mediated pathway may participate in regulating the MGC803 cells apoptosis under oxidative stress.
Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An ignored combination?
Authors: Rutten Frans H. , Cramer Maarten‐Jan M. , Lammers Jan‐Willem J. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Hoes Arno W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAims:To quantify the prevalence of heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and vice versa. Further, to discuss diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the co‐existence of both syndromes.Methods and results:We performed a Medline search from 1966 to March 2005. The reported prevalence of LVSD among COPD patients varied considerably, with the highest prevalence (10–46%) among those with an exacerbation. One single study assessed the prevalence of heart failure in COPD patients. A prevalence of 21% of previously unknown heart failure was reported in patients with a history of COPD or asthma. We did not find any report on COPD in heart failure or LVSD patients.Diagnosing heart failure in COPD patients or vice versa is complicated by overlap in signs and symptoms, and diminished diagnostic value of additional investigations.In general, pulmonary and heart failure ‘drug cocktails’ can be administered safely to patients with concomitant COPD and heart failure, although (short acting) β2‐adrenoreceptor agonists and digitalis have potentially deleterious effects on cardiac and pulmonary function, respectively.Conclusion:Although knowledge about the prevalence of concomitant heart failure in COPD patients and vice versa is scarce, it seems that the combined presence is rather common. In view of diagnostic and therapeutic implications, more attention should be paid to the concomitant presence of both syndromes in clinical practice and research.