bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality in Severely Injured Elderly Trauma Patients—When Does Age Become a Risk Factor?
Authors: Kuhne Christian A. , Ruchholtz Steffen , Kaiser Gernot M. , Nast‐Kolb Dieter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAge is a well‐known risk factor in trauma patients. The aim of the present study was to define the age‐dependent cut‐off for increasing mortality in multiple injured patients. Pre‐existing medical conditions in older age and impaired age‐dependent physiologic reserve contributing to a worse outcome in multiple injured elderly patients are discussed as reasons for increased mortality. A retrospective clinical study of a statewide trauma data set from 1993 through 2000 included 5375 patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16 who were stratified by age. The ISS and Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) quantified the injury severity. Outcome measures were mortality, shock, multiple organ failure, and severe head injury. Mortality in this series increased beginning at age 56 years, and that increase was independent of the ISS. The mortality rate increased from 7.3% (patients 46–55 years of age) to 13.0% (patients ages 56–65 years) in patients with ISS 16–24; from 23.8% to 32.1% in those with ISS 25–50; and from 62.2% to 82.1% in those with ISS 51–75 (P ≤ 0.05). Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) was the most frequent cause of death, with a significant peak in patients older than 75 years. The incidence of lethal multiple organ failure increased significantly beginning at age 56 years (P ≤ 0.05), but it showed no further increase in patients aged 76 years or older. In contrast, the incidence of lethal shock showed a significant increase from age 76 years (P ≤ 0.05), but not at age 56 years. However, from age 56 years, mortality increased significantly in patients who sustained multiple trauma—an increase that was independent of trauma severity.
Impact of Emergency Surgery in the Outcome of Rectal and Left Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Coco Claudio , Verbo Alessandro , Manno Alberto , Mattana Claudio , Covino Marcello , Pedretti Giorgio , Petito Luigi , Rizzo Gianluca , Picciocchi Aurelio 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe negative results in terms of morbidity, mortality and survival among emergency treated patients affected by colorectal cancer are well known. The specific contribution of emergency surgery to adverse outcome is not clear because of the presence in all series of other possible determinants of a poor prognosis. We used a case‐control study design to compare a group of 50 patients operated on for cancer of the rectum and left colon presented as emergencies in our department during the last 14 years, and an equal number of patients who underwent elective procedures during the same period. All records of these patients were reviewed and matched for age, stage, tumor location, and medical comorbidities (coronaropathy, diabetes mellitus, cerebral vascular deficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Outcome measures included length of hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, and actuarial 5‐year survival. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors potentially influencing survival was performed on the entire population of 100 patients. Age, tumor location, stage of disease, and medical comorbidities were well matched by intent of the study design. Overall surgical morbidity (44% versus 12% P = 0.0004), length of hospital stay (16, 64 versus 10, 97 days P = 0.0026) and postoperative mortality (4% versus 0% P = 0.4949) resulted higher in the emergency group. Actuarial overall 5‐year survival was not different between the two groups. The only variables independently predictive of survival in multivariate analysis were age and rectal location of the tumor. Postoperative surgical mortality and long‐term survival appear not to be influenced by emergency presentation of colorectal cancer; the negative impact of the emergency procedures is confined to the immediate postoperative period and is probably connected to the acute medical pathology often presented by patients in emergency situations. Dealing with this kind of patient’s accurate preoperative assessment and solution of acute medical pathologies before surgical treatment are mandatory.
Intraoperative Monitoring of Intact PTH in Surgery for Renal Hyperparathyroidism as an Indicator of Complete Parathyroid Removal
Authors: Elizondo Miguel Echenique , Díaz‐Aguirregoitia Francisco Javier , Amondarain José Antonio , Vidaur Fernando 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn the setting of total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation surgery (TPT × AS) as treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), we evaluated whether intraoperative parathyroid hormone (iPTH) monitoring is useful as a reference for total parathyroid removal. We conducted a prospective, open, single value measurement efficacy study of the intraoperative (i.o.) diagnostic monitoring of iPTH in a cohort of surgical patients. All patients (n = 25) underwent TPT × AS at the Department of Surgery, Donostia Hospital from January 2002 to October 2004. The primary outcome measures were kinetics of serum levels of iPTH during surgery and prediction time of the of descent of PTH levels (measured in the clinic on the day of admission and intraoperatively during induction of anesthesia, every 5 and 10 minutes after removal of the adenoma, and again 24 hours thereafter). iPTH levels returned to normal in all 25 patients, decreasing from pathological levels at the beginning of the operation (1302.24 + 424.9 pg/ml) to half (50%) values at the third intraoperative determination, minute 10 (614.8 ± 196.62), becoming undetectable at 24 hours. Frozen sections were conclusive for parathyroid tissue (20.56 + 10.3 minutes after removal). Intraoperative measurement of iPTH is useful in the prediction complete removal of all parathyroid tissue prior to autotransplantation, thus avoiding persistence of disease because of incomplete surgery.
Improvement of coverage and utilization of EmOC services in southwestern Bangladesh
Authors: Islam M.T. , Hossain M.M. , Islam M.A. , Haque Y.A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe Government of Bangladesh has implemented safe motherhood programs throughout the country supported by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) aimed at reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of the interventions on the UN emergency obstetric care (EmOC) process indicators in Khulna division, Bangladesh.MethodsOf the 71 government health facilities in Khulna division, 32 were providing comprehensive and 20 were providing basic EmOC services. Another 4 facilities were providing comprehensive or basic EmOC services during the first three‐quarters but became non‐functional during the last quarter. EmOC data, from January to December 2002, were collected from all these 56 facilities to determine the levels of EmOC process indicators relative to the UN guidelines and compared with baseline data from 1998 to 1999.ResultsThere were 1.04 and 0.64 comprehensive and basic EmOC facilities respectively per 500,000 population. When compared with the baseline data, the coverage of comprehensive EmOC services was substantially increased from 0.23 to 1.04 per 500,000 population, which achieves the minimum UN standards but the coverage of basic EmOC services remained the same. The data also showed that, compared with the baseline survey, the proportion of births at the EmOC facilities increased 119% from 5.3% to 11.7% (p < 0.001), met need increased 141% from 11.1% to 26.6% (p < 0.001), and cesarean section as a proportion of all expected births, increased 151% from 0.5% to 1.3% (p < 0.001), while the overall case fatality rate (CFR) decreased by 51% (p < 0.001).ConclusionWith the exception of coverage of basic EmOC after the interventions, there was significant improvement in all the EmOC process indicators in Khulna division. However, most of the process indicators are still far from the minimum recommended UN standards.RecommendationsEfforts should continue to keep the EmOC facilities functional 24/7 while increasing the number of basic EmOC facilities, and improving utilization of services to reach the minimum UN standards. Community mobilization should be directed to understand the danger signs and utilization of services at functional facilities when necessary. Further research to identify the factors influencing utilization of EmOC services and continuous monitoring and periodical assessment of the process indicators are recommended to evaluate the overall situation from time to time.
A criteria‐based audit of the management of severe pre‐eclampsia in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Weeks A.D. , Alia G. , Ononge S. , Otolorin E.O. , Mirembe F.M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjective: To improve the quality of clinical care for women with severe pre‐eclampsia. Methods: A criteria‐based audit was conducted in a large government hospital in Uganda. Management practices were evaluated against standards developed by an expert panel by retrospectively evaluating 43 case files. Results of the audit were presented, and recommendations developed and implemented. A re‐audit was conducted 6 months later. Results: The initial audit showed that most standards were rarely achieved. Reasons were discussed. Guidelines were produced, additional supplies were purchased following a fundraising effort, labor ward procedures were streamlined, and staffing was increased. In the re‐audit there were significant improvements in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Conclusion: Criteria‐based audit can improve the quality of maternity care in countries with limited resources.
Sublingual nitroglycerin for management of retained placenta
Authors: Bullarbo M. , Tjugum J. , Ekerhovd E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sublingual nitroglycerin for management of retained placenta and to assess possible adverse effects of the treatment.MethodTwenty‐four women were randomly selected to receive either 1 mg nitroglycerin or placebo tablets sublingually if intravenous oxytocin and controlled umbilical cord traction had failed to expel the placenta. Success rate for delivery of placenta, blood pressure, pulse rate, blood loss, and various side effects were examined.ResultAll 12 women in the nitroglycerin group had successful delivery of placenta, while removal of placenta was successful in only one of the 12 women in the placebo group. No adverse effects of clinical importance were registered.ConclusionSublingual nitroglycerin for treatment of retained placenta seems to be effective without causing serious adverse effects. However, the definite clinical value needs to be evaluated in larger series of patients.
Risk and wealth effects of U.S. firm joint venture activity
Authors: Denning Karen C. , Hulburt Heather , Ferris Stephen P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractUsing a sample of US firms engaged in joint venture activity primarily in the 1990s, we test the hypothesis that joint venture activity is motivated by a desire for efficient risk sharing. We find that approximately ninety‐six percent of our sample experiences a risk change in response to joint venture activity. A significant proportion of these experience a reduction in beta. No market price response is evident in conjunction with this reduction. In addition, the average parent firm experiences a significant increase in firm risk, which we attribute to taking on the risky joint venture. This increase in risk is particularly pronounced for firms engaged in international joint ventures and is accompanied by a positive market response. Investment stake, pre‐venture firm profitability, size and private risk increasing characteristics appear to influence the wealth character of the joint venture. We interpret that there may be a positive market premium for international diversification effects and/or for the flexibility that the real option joint venture opportunity provides.
ABR1, an APETALA2-Domain Transcription Factor That Functions as a Repressor of ABA Response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pandey Girdhar K. , Grant John J. , Cheong Yong Hwa , Kim Beom Gi , Li Legong , Luan Sheng 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant development and stress responses. An important step of ABA action is activation or inactivation of gene expression. Although several transcription factors are identified to function as positive regulators of ABA-induced gene expression, little is known about the negative regulators of ABA-regulated gene expression. Here, we have identified an APETALA2 (AP2) domain transcription factor that serves as a repressor of ABA response during seed germination and ABA- and stress-induced gene expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The expression of the AP2-like ABA repressor 1 (ABR1) gene itself was responsive to ABA and stress conditions including cold, high salt, and drought. Disruption of ABR1 led to hypersensitive response to ABA in seed germination and root growth assays. The mutant plants were also hypersensitive to osmotic stress conditions, such as high salt and high concentrations of mannitol. Further analyses indicated that increased stress sensitivity may result from hypersensitivity to ABA as ABA biosynthesis inhibitor rescued the stress hypersensitivity phenotype. The abr1 mutant plants accumulated significantly higher levels of ABA- and stress-inducible gene transcripts as compared to the wild-type plants, supporting the hypothesis that this AP2 domain protein serves as a repressor of ABA-regulated gene expression.
TheArabidopsisSTV1 Protein, Responsible for Translation Reinitiation, Is Required for Auxin-Mediated Gynoecium Patterning
Authors: Nishimura Taisuke , Wada Takuji , Yamamoto Kotaro T. , Okada Kiyotaka 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRibosomal protein L24 (RPL24) is implicated in translation reinitiation of polycistronic genes. A newly isolated Arabidopsis thaliana short valve1 (stv1) mutant, in which one of the RPL24-encoding genes, RPL24B, is deleted, shows specific defects in the apical-basal patterning of the gynoecium, in addition to phenotypes induced by ribosome deficiency. A similar gynoecium phenotype is caused by mutations in the auxin response factor (ARF) genes ETTIN (ETT) and MONOPTEROS (MP), which have upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in their 5′-transcript leader sequences. Gynoecia of a double mutant of stv1 and a weak ett mutant allele are similar to those of a strong ett allele, and transformation with a uORF-eliminated ETT construct partially suppressed the stv1 gynoecium phenotype, implying that STV1 could influence ETT translation through its uORFs. Analyses of 5′-leader-reporter gene fusions showed that the uORFs of ETT and MP negatively regulate the translation of the downstream major ORFs, indicating that translation reinitiation is an important step for the expression of these proteins. Taken together, we propose that perturbation of translation reinitiation of the ARF transcripts causes the defects in gynoecium patterning observed in the stv1 mutant.
A Large-Scale Screen for Artificial Selection in Maize Identifies Candidate Agronomic Loci for Domestication and Crop Improvement
Authors: Yamasaki Masanori , Tenaillon Maud I. , Vroh Bi Irie , Schroeder Steve G. , Sanchez-Villeda Hector , Doebley John F. , Gaut Brandon S. , McMullen Michael D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMaize (Zea mays subsp mays) was domesticated from teosinte (Z. mays subsp parviglumis) through a single domestication event in southern Mexico between 6000 and 9000 years ago. This domestication event resulted in the original maize landrace varieties, which were spread throughout the Americas by Native Americans and adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. Starting with landraces, 20th century plant breeders selected inbred lines of maize for use in hybrid maize production. Both domestication and crop improvement involved selection of specific alleles at genes controlling key morphological and agronomic traits, resulting in reduced genetic diversity relative to unselected genes. Here, we sequenced 1095 maize genes from a sample of 14 inbred lines and chose 35 genes with zero sequence diversity as potential targets of selection. These 35 genes were then sequenced in a sample of diverse maize landraces and teosintes and tested for selection. Using two statistical tests, we identified eight candidate genes. Extended gene sequencing of these eight candidate loci confirmed that six were selected throughout the gene, and the remaining two exhibited evidence of selection in the 3′ portion of each gene. The selected genes have functions consistent with agronomic selection for nutritional quality, maturity, and productivity. Our large-scale screen for artificial selection allows identification of genes of potential agronomic importance even when gene function and the phenotype of interest are unknown.
Lagaroi: Le temps de la re-rythmisation de l'hexamètre
Authors: Steinrück Martin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAccording to many metricians, the original structure of the hexameter is based on the connection of two cola, not the recurrence of six dactyls. The time of the development of the first form into the second is, however, uncertain. The main evidence in favour of a pre-homeric rerhythmisation seems to consist in the fact that most of Homer can be read as metron-shaped verses. Although this seems certain, this certainty could result from a normalizing transmission of the 'Homeric' text. The history of irregular verses, such as the so-called lagaroi, offers some evidence that there were more irregular, i.e. colon-based, verses in Homer before the long scholarly tradition corrected them into metron-based schemas.
Priscian of Lydia, Commentator on the de Anima in the Tradition of Iamblichus
Authors:   Perkams
Published: October 2005

AbstractIt has been argued that Priscian of Lydia (around 530), to whom the manuscripts ascribe only two short treatises, is the author of an extended commentary on the De anima, which is transmitted under the name of Simplicius. Our analysis confirms this: Priscian's Metaphrase of Theophrastus' Physics is the text which the commentator mentions as his own work. Consequently, its author, Priscian, also wrote the De anima commentary. The parallels between both texts show that the commentator sometimes does not quote Iamblichus directly, but borrowed Iamblichean formulations from the Metaphrase. As for the dating of his works, a comparison with Damascius' writings makes it probable that his On principles is a terminus post quem for the De anima commentary and a terminus ante quem for the Metaphrase. It is likely that both works were composed before 529.
Recollection and Philosophical Reflection in Plato's Phaedo
Authors: Franklin Lee 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInterpretations of recollection in the Phaedo are divided between ordinary interpretations, on which recollection explains a kind of learning accomplished by all, and sophisticated interpretations, which restrict recollection to philosophers. A sophisticated interpretation is supported by the prominence of philosophical understanding and reflection in the argument. Recollection is supposed to explain the advanced understanding displayed by Socrates and Simmias (74b2-4). Furthermore, it seems to be a necessary condition on recollection that one who recollects also perform a comparison of sensible particulars to Forms (74a5-7). I provide a new ordinary interpretation which explains these features of the argument. First, we must clearly distinguish the philosophical reflection which constitutes the argument for the Theory of Recollection from the ordinary learning which is its subject. The comparison of sensibles to Forms is the reasoning by which we see, as philosophers, that we must recollect. At the same time, we must also appreciate the continuity of ordinary and philosophical learning. Plato wants to explain the capacity for ordinary discourse, but with an eye to its role as the origin of philosophical reflection and learning. In the Phaedo, recollection has ordinary learning as its immediate explanandum, and philosophical learning as its ultimate explanandum.
LXX Syntax and the Identity of the NT Veil
Authors: Gurtner Daniel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article argues καταπɛτασμα in the NT (Mt. 27:51a, Mk. 15:38, Lk. 23:45, Hb. 6:19, 9:3, 10:20) is best identified as the inner veil before the holy of holies based on syntactical evidence from their LXX sources.
Cosmic Lordship and Divine Gift-Giving: Psalm 68 in Ephesians 4:8
Authors: Gombis Timothy 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe use of Psalm 68 in Eph. 4:8 has proved to be one of the most difficult interpretive problems in this enigmatic letter. In this article I will engage and critique a leading interpretive proposal and then offer an alternative reading that exploits the elements of divine triumph and divine warfare in Ephesians, and that satisfactorily accounts for the quotation and elaboration by the writer in vv. 9-10.
The OT Background To Armageddon (Rev. 16:16 Revisited)
Authors: Jauhiainen Marko 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis study challenges the old view, recently championed by John Day, according to which 'Aρμαγɛδων (Rev. 16:16) means the 'Mount of Megiddo' and is a conflation of 'Megiddo' in Zech. 12:11 and the 'mountains of Israel' in Ezek. 38-39. Instead of betraying Zecharian and Ezekielian influence, a closer inspection of the context of Rev. 16:16 points to the Isaian and Jeremian prophecies concerning the destruction of Babylon as a more plausible background of 'Aρμαγɛδων. It is concluded that the solution to the riddle of 'Armageddon' is most likely to be found in the etymological approach and that within this approach, an interpretation of the word as a reference to the "cutting down" of the "mountain" Babylon is perhaps more attractive than other alternatives.
Methodology in Identifying Patristic Citations in NT Textual Criticism
Authors: Osburn Carroll 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAfter advancing a preliminary list of criteria for identifying patristic biblical citations, Fee called for adequate guidelines for assessing their text critical usability. Drawing illustrations primarily from fresh assessments of references in Hippolytus, Methodius, Origen, and Epiphanius for Novum Testamentum Graecum, Osburn advances the discussion regarding citations, adaptations, allusions, reminiscences, and locutions. Simple verbal precision is inadequate to establish a reference as reflective of an exemplar. A quotation must be read in its patristic context in order to determine how the text is actually used and in what way it probably reflects a text known to the Father.
Who Was Sitting in the Theatre at Miletos? An Epigraphical Application of a Novel Theory
Authors: Baker Murray 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStephen Mitchell has proposed a broad view of the cult of the Most High God (Theos Hypsistos) in which the followers describe themselves as theosebes. This provides a robust identity for these God-fearers and allows for a wider local context for theosebes (and other God-fearer) inscriptions. Mitchell's view is applied to the famous seating inscription for Jews and God-fearers in the theatre in Miletos. Here a quiet Jewish community is associated with a community of followers of the Most High God which included prominent members. The inscription should be read as, "The place of the Jews [real Jews], who are called [are part of] the group of theosebioi [followers of the Most High God]."