bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and scale up of production of the PSMA imaging agent [18F]AlF-P16-093 on a custom automated radiosynthesis platform
Authors: Alexoff David , Choi Seok Rye , Ploessl Karl , Kim Dohyun , Zhao Ruiyue , Zhu Lin , Kung Hank 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Recent advancements in positron emission tomograph (PET) using prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiopharmaceuticals have changed the standard of care for prostate cancer patients by providing more accurate information during staging of primary and recurrent disease. [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 is a new PSMA-PET radiopharmaceutical that demonstrated superior imaging performance in recent head-to-head studies with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. To improve the availability of this new PSMA PET imaging agent, [18F]AlF-P16-093 was developed. The 18F-analog [18F]AlF-P16-093 has been synthesized manually at low activity levels using [18F]AlF2+ and validated in pre-clinical models. This work reports the optimization of the production of > 15 GBq of [18F]AlF-P16-093 using a custom automated synthesis platform.

Results
The sensitivity of the radiochemical yield of [18F]AlF-P16-093 to reaction parameters of time, temperature and reagent amounts was investigated using a custom automated system. The automated system is a low-cost, cassette-based system designed for 1-pot syntheses with flow-controlled solid phase extraction (SPE) workup and is based on the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 microcomputer/Python3 ecosystem. The optimized none-decay-corrected yield was 52 ± 4% (N = 3; 17.5 ± 2.2 GBq) with a molar activity of 109 ± 14 GBq/µmole and a radiochemical purity of 98.6 ± 0.6%. Run time was 30 min. A two-step sequence was used: SPE-purified [18F]F− was reacted with 80 nmoles of freeze-dried AlCl3·6H2O at 65 °C for 5 min followed by reaction with 160 nmoles of P16-093 ligand at 40 °C for 4 min in a 1:1 mixture of ethanol:0.5 M pH 4.5 NaOAc buffer. The mixture was purified by SPE (> 97% recovery). The final product formulation (5 mM pH 7 phosphate buffer with saline) exhibited a rate of decline in radiochemical purity of ~ 1.4%/h which was slowed to ~ 0.4%/h when stored at 4 °C.

Conclusion
The optimized method using a custom automated system enabled the efficient (> 50% none-decay-corrected yield) production of [18F]AlF-P16-093 with high radiochemical purity (> 95%). The method and automation system are simple and robust, facilitating further clinical studies with [18F]AlF-P16-093.
Patterns and management outcomes of intracranial extra-axial hematomas in low-resource setup: a 6-month prospective observational study at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia
Authors: Bayleyegn Nebiyou Simegnew , Abafita Mohammed , Worku Addis Temie , Baye Minale Fekadie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Intracranial hematoma is the collection of blood in various intracranial spaces. Knowledge of patterns, origins, causes and outcomes of ICH conditions is important for decision-making for urgent surgical interventions such as craniotomy and hematoma evacuations. No prior study was conducted in our setup. Hence, this study aimed to assess the patterns and management outcomes of intracranial hematomas in low-resource setting and tailored our management approach at Jimma University Medical center.

Methods
An institution-based prospective observational study was conducted at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia, for six consecutive months from June to December 2020. Different data sources and interview methods were used and analyzed using SPSS version 24. A bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was conducted to determine the association between the variables.

Results
A total of 91 eligible patients were recruited during the study period, with a mean age of 34 years. The majority of patients were males [73 (80.2%)] and more common in reproductive age groups (62.6%), from rural areas (50.5%). About 93.4% of patients reported a history of trauma, and road traffic accidents & fighting account for 63.8% of the trauma cases. Sixty-five percent of patients arrive in the hospital within 24 h. Upon presentation, there were loss of consciousness (48.4%), convulsion (11%), aspiration (9.9%) and increased ICP (12%). The majority (49.5%) of the patients had a mild head injury. The focal neurologic deficits were hemiparesis (29.7%) and hemiplegia (5.5%). Acute epidural hematoma (68.1%) was a common finding, followed by sub-acute subdural hematoma. Of the total study participants, 11% had died. All the surviving patients were accessed at 30 days after discharge and re-assessed, 66 patients had good neurologic recovery (62 upper and 4 lower good recovery), 11 patients had moderate disability (7 lower and 4 upper-moderate disabilities), two patients had a severe disability, and two patients (among those with severe disability) had died.

Conclusion
Trauma was invariably the cause of intracranial hematoma, and patients with low GCS, papillary abnormalities, aspiration and increased ICP had an increased risk of dying from their illness. It is good to formulate policies to enhance injury prevention and bring about health-oriented behavioral change.
Predictive factors of aneuploidy in infertile patients undergoing IVF: a retrospective analysis in a private IVF practice
Authors: Salame Anastasia A. , Dahdouh Elias M. , Aljafari Rania , Samuel David A. , Koodathingal Bhavya P. , Bajpai Aparna , Kainoth Shabin , Fakih Michael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
PGT-A has become an important part of IVF treatments. Despite its increased use, there are contradicting results on its role in improving reproductive outcomes of ART cycles. Given that aneuploidy is a main limiting factor for IVF success, we aimed to study the predictive factors of aneuploidy in infertile patients undergoing IVF and hence highlight the patients who would benefit the most from genetic testing.

Results
A retrospective analysis of 1242 blastocysts biopsied in the setting of PGT-A cycles was performed. The euploid group included 703 embryos, while the aneuploid group had 539 embryos. The factors included in the analyses were the couple’s history as well as the embryo characteristics. The primary outcome was the rate of aneuploid embryos per patient’s history as well as per embryo characteristics. The aneuploidy rate (AR) in our cohort was 43.4%. The woman’s age was found to be a significant predictor (OR 1.045, 95% CI 1.008–1.084, p = 0.016). Biopsy on day 5 as well as degree of expansion 3 was also found to affect significantly (OR 0.724, 95% CI .541–.970, p = 0.03 and OR 2.645, 95% CI 1.252–5.585, p = 0.011). Lack of consanguinity decreased the AR by an OR 0.274 with 95% CI .137–.547, p < 0.001. The number of blastocysts available, trophectoderm quality, embryo grade, gonadotropins as well as trigger used were not found to be significant predictors (p = 0.495, 0.649, 0.264, 0.717 and 0.659 respectively).

Conclusion
Advanced female age, consanguinity, the day of embryo biopsy, and the degree of blastocyst expansion were all found to affect the incidence of AR. The age of the male partner, cause of infertility, and grade of embryo at biopsy were not found to correlate with aneuploidy.
Depression, anxiety, and hopelessness in a sample of Egyptian children diagnosed with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Zyada Fadia , Hamdy Hala , Basha N. El , Refaey Mohamed , Atia Fatma M. , Shaheen Somaya H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Even though current therapeutic approaches have significantly increased the longevity and standard of living for children suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF), the crucial psychological components of this illness have not received the same level of attention as other chronic illnesses. The aim of the research was to assess depression, anxiety, and hopelessness in cystic fibrosis-affected children and their relation to the duration of illness. In this study, we compared 40 healthy control children between the ages of 7 and 12 with 40 cystic fibrosis children who were matched for age and sex. All patients had detailed clinical and psychometric evaluations using the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Anxiety Scale for Children (ASC), and the Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC).

Results
The CDI, ASC, and HSC revealed a significant difference between both groups. Positive correlations between depression, anxiety, and hopelessness and disease duration were found.

Conclusions
Patients with CF experienced significantly increased depression, anxiety, and hopelessness, and there is an association between these symptoms and the duration of the illness. We advise making psychiatric screening a standard part of evaluating and monitoring CF patients.
Bilateral breast metastasis from renal cell carcinoma, do not overlook this diagnosis: case report
Authors: AlKhateeb Marwa , Abdel-Hadi Mona , Darwish Azza , Abdel-Kerim Amr 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Renal cell carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the breast. Few cases are reported in the literature. We describe a unique case of bilateral breast metastasis from an RCC treated five years ago. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first reported case in Egypt.

Case presentation
A 65-year-old Egyptian woman who underwent a nephrectomy for a renal cell carcinoma 5-years ago, showed up complaining of bloody nipple discharge from her right breast without any palpable lumps. Mammo-sonography showed multiple bilateral regular breast masses and a worrisome left axillary lymph node. Needle core biopsies were obtained and a final histopathological diagnosis of bilateral metastatic deposits from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was made.

Conclusion
The differential diagnosis of bilateral breast masses should consider metastatic disease of the breast, particularly in patients with a previous history of malignancies.
Comparing pre-trained models for efficient leaf disease detection: a study on custom CNN
Authors: Alam Touhidul Seyam , Jowthi Chandni Barua , Pathak Abhijit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLeaf disease detection is a crucial task in modern agriculture, aiding in early diagnosis and prevention of crop infections. In this research paper, authors present a comprehensive study comparing nine widely used pre-trained models, namely DenseNet201, EfficientNetB3, EfficientNetB4, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNetV2, ResNet50, ResNet152, VGG16, and Xception, with our newly developed custom CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) for leaf disease detection. The objective is to determine if our custom CNN can match the performance of these established pre-trained models while maintaining superior efficiency. The authors trained and fine-tuned each pre-trained model and our custom CNN on a large dataset of labeled leaf images, covering various diseases and healthy states. Subsequently, the authors evaluated the models using standard metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, to gauge their overall performance. Additionally, the authors analyzed computational efficiency regarding training time and memory consumption. Surprisingly, our results indicate that the custom CNN performs comparable to the pre-trained models, despite their sophisticated architectures and extensive pre-training on massive datasets. Moreover, our custom CNN demonstrates superior efficiency, outperforming the pre-trained models regarding training speed and memory requirements. These findings highlight the potential of custom CNN architectures for leaf disease detection tasks, offering a compelling alternative to the commonly used pre-trained models. The efficiency gains achieved by our custom CNN can be beneficial in resource-constrained environments, enabling faster inference and deployment of leaf disease detection systems. Overall, our research contributes to the advancement of agricultural technology by presenting a robust and efficient solution for the early detection of leaf diseases, thereby aiding in crop protection and yield enhancement.
Genetic diversity assessed in Ethiopian highland bamboo [
Oldeania alpina
(K. Schum) Stapleton] populations revealed by microsatellite markers
Authors: Adem Muhamed , Abdie Oumer , Feyissa Tileye , Beyene Dereje 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background

Ethiopian highland bamboo [
Oldeania alpina
(K. Schum) Stapleton] (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Arundinarieae) is one of the economically and environmentally important plants in Ethiopia. Despite its wide presence in the country, nothing is known about genetic diversity and population structure of the species.

Methods

The study relied on 150 DNA samples representing 15
O.alpina
populations collected across major
O.alpina
harboring forests of Ethiopia. Following total genomic DNA isolation SSR primer screening was conducted using PCR, gel electrophoreses, gel doc imaging, allele scoring, and statistical analysis. Accordingly nine SSR primers from Chinese
Phyllostachys edulis
and seven from Ethiopian
Oxytenanthera abyssinica
were found informative and used to investigate the extent of genetic diversity and structure of
O.alpina
populations.

Results
The study revealed the presence of moderate genetic diversity (Ho = 0.262; I = 0.639) within populations and very low genetic differentiation among populations (Fst = 0.019). Cluster (UPGMA), PCoA, and STRUCTURE analysis did not group the populations into clearly defined genetically distinct clusters according to their geographic origins, more likely due to the reproductive biology of the species since vegetative propagation is the main means of reproduction associated with 50–100 years of flowering and low viability of seeds.

Conclusions

Despite limitations connected with employing only 15 SSR markers, the study suggested the presence of moderate genetic diversity within populations and highly mixed population structure resulting in very low genetic differentiation among
O. alpina
populations. This information could serve as a basis for designing suitable conservation strategies and conducting further research using more SSRs and other sequences-based informative markers.
Fast-track anesthesia and outcomes in hepatopancreatic cancer surgery: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano , David Fabrizio , Mandalà Lucio , Villari Patrizia , Mezzatesta Pietro , Casuccio Alessandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aim
To assess the feasibility of a fast-track anesthesia protocol for hepatopancreatobiliary cancer surgery.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of consecutive sample of patients who underwent hepatopancreatic surgery for cancer for a period of 12 months in a high volume cancer center. Blended anesthesia was performed for most patients who were then observed in a recovery room area until achieving a safety score.

Results
Data of 163 patients were examined. Fifty-six and 107 patients underwent surgery for pancreatic cancer and liver surgery for primary tumor or metastases, respectively. Most patients were ASA 3. The mean durations of anesthesia and surgery were 322 min (SD 320) and 296 min (SD 133), respectively. Extubation was performed in the operating room in 125 patients. Post-operatory invasive ventilation was maintained in the recovery room in fifteen patients for a mean duration of 72.7 min (SD148.2). Only one patient was admitted to intensive care for 15 h. NIV was performed in three patients for a mean duration of 73.3 min (SD 15.3). The mean recovery room staying was 79 min (SD 80). The mean hospital postoperative stay was a mean of 8.1 days (SD 5.7). No complications were found in 144 patients. Globally, mortality rate was 3%.

Conclusion
A program of fast-track anesthesia with a short stay in recovery room allowed to achieve a good outcome, limiting the costs of intensive care admission.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Pathologic Complete Response and Overall Survival in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Woriax Hannah E. , Thomas Samantha M. , Plichta Jennifer K. , Rosenberger Laura H. , Botty van den Bruele Astrid , Chiba Akiko , Hwang E. Shelley , DiNome Maggie L. 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE Black women have higher rates of death from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) than White women. We hypothesized that pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and overall survival (OS) may vary by race/ethnicity in patients with TNBC. METHODS We identified women 18 years and older with stage I-III TNBC who received NAC followed by surgery from the National Cancer Database (2010-2019). We excluded patients without race/ethnicity or pathology data. Primary outcomes were pCR rates and OS on the basis of race/ethnicity. RESULTS Forty thousand eight hundred ninety women with TNBC met inclusion criteria (median age [IQR], 53 [44-61] years): 26,150 Non-Hispanic White (64%, NHW), 9,672 Non-Hispanic Black (23.7%, NHB), 3,267 Hispanic (8%), 1,368 Non-Hispanic Asian (3.3%, NHA), and 433 Non-Hispanic Other (1.1%, NHO) patients. Overall, 29.8% demonstrated pCR (NHW: 30.5%, NHB: 27%, Hispanic: 32.6%, NHA: 28.8%, NHO: 29.8%). Unadjusted OS was significantly higher for those with pCR compared with those with residual disease (5-year OS, 0.917 [95% CI, 0.911 to 0.923] v 0.667 [95% CI, 0.661 to 0.673], log-rank P < .001), and this association persisted after adjustment for demographic and tumor factors. The effect of achieving pCR on OS did not differ by race/ethnicity (interaction P = .10). However, NHB patients were less likely (odds ratio [OR], 0.89 [95% CI, 0.83 to 0.95], P = .001) and Hispanic patients were more likely (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.31], P = .001) to achieve pCR than NHW patients. After adjustment for patient and disease factors, including achievement of pCR, Hispanic (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.69 to 0.85], P < .001) and NHA (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.55 to 0.75], P < .001) race/ethnicity remained associated with OS. CONCLUSION Odds of achieving pCR and OS in patients with TNBC appear to be associated with race/ethnicity. Additional research is necessary to understand how race/ethnicity is associated with rates of pCR and OS, whether related to socioeconomic factors or biologic variables, or both.
Pan-Cancer Interrogation of MUTYH Variants Reveals Biallelic Inactivation and Defective Base Excision Repair Across a Spectrum of Solid Tumors
Authors: Paller Channing J. , Tukachinsky Hanna , Maertens Alexandra , Decker Brennan , Sampson Julian R. , Cheadle Jeremy P. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE Biallelic germline pathogenic variants of the base excision repair (BER) pathway gene MUTYH predispose to colorectal cancer (CRC) and other cancers. The possible association of heterozygous variants with broader cancer susceptibility remains uncertain. This study investigated the prevalence and consequences of pathogenic MUTYH variants and MUTYH loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in a large pan-cancer analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 354,366 solid tumor biopsies that were sequenced as part of routine clinical care were analyzed using a validated algorithm to distinguish germline from somatic MUTYH variants. RESULTS Biallelic germline pathogenic MUTYH variants were identified in 119 tissue biopsies. Most were CRCs and showed increased tumor mutational burden (TMB) and a mutational signature consistent with defective BER (COSMIC Signature SBS18). Germline heterozygous pathogenic variants were identified in 5,991 biopsies and their prevalence was modestly elevated in some cancer types. About 12% of these cancers (738 samples: including adrenal gland cancers, pancreatic islet cell tumors, nonglioma CNS tumors, GI stromal tumors, and thyroid cancers) showed somatic LOH for MUTYH, higher rates of chromosome 1p loss (where MUTYH is located), elevated genomic LOH, and higher COSMIC SBS18 signature scores, consistent with BER deficiency. CONCLUSION This analysis of MUTYH alterations in a large set of solid cancers suggests that in addition to the established role of biallelic pathogenic MUTYH variants in cancer predisposition, a broader range of cancers may possibly arise in MUTYH heterozygotes via a mechanism involving somatic LOH at the MUTYH locus and defective BER. However, the effect is modest and requires confirmation in additional studies before being clinically actionable.
Association of RNF43 Genetic Alterations With BRAFV600E and MSIhigh in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Vogel Arndt , Murugesan Karthikeyan , Kendre Gajanan , Quintanilha Julia C.F. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Brummer Tilman , Saborowski Anna 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE Recent studies have provided evidence for a predictive value of RNF43 genetic alterations (GAs) as biomarkers for targeted therapies in microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC). These data have the potential to prioritize treatment strategies in patients with BRAFV600E-mutant CRC and help to identify a subgroup that is more likely to derive benefit versus those patients for whom alternative treatment approaches are needed. We were therefore interested in defining the precise frequency of BRAF V600E and RNF43 GAs and their respective overlap in a large cohort of patients with CRC. METHODS To address this question, we performed a retrospective analysis that included 52,969 patients diagnosed with CRC from the FoundationCORE database. RESULTS We observed a striking association of RNF43 GAs with MSI and tumor mutational burden status and BRAFV600E mutations. Overall, 23% of MSS patients with confirmed BRAFV600E mutation harbor an RNF43 GA—which accounts for 1.1% of all patients with CRC and for 15.7% of all CRC BRAFV600E cases. CONCLUSION Ongoing phase III clinical trials, such as BREAKWATER, should aim to incorporate broader genetic profiling to further validate the superior sensitivity of patients with RNF43-mutant, MSS BRAF V600E CRC to anti–EGFR-/BRAFi-based therapies.
Doege-Potter Syndrome: A Solitary Fibrous Tumor Causing Non-Islet Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia
Authors: Sheikh Khalid , Mody Avni , Haynes Alex B , Kumar Pratima 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Doege-Potter syndrome occurs when incompletely processed insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), also known as big IGF-2, is produced by a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and results in non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH). We discuss here the case of a 66-year-old male who presented with a 2-week history of increasing confusion and a serum glucose of 34 mg/dL. The patient's symptoms immediately improved with dextrose. The patient did not use insulin, serum sulfonylurea screen was negative, and testing for adrenal insufficiency was unremarkable. Outpatient laboratory evaluation revealed a serum glucose of 48 mg/dL along with low insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels. Further work-up showed an IGF-2 to IGF-1 ratio of 38:1. A ratio greater than 10:1 is diagnostic of NICTH. Imaging demonstrated a 21-cm mass in the lower abdomen and pelvis. The patient underwent surgical resection. The hypoglycemia resolved immediately postoperatively. Surgical pathology revealed a malignant SFT. In NICTH, big IGF-2 forms a complex that is biologically active and saturates the insulin and IGF receptors, resulting in refractory hypoglycemia. Although glucocorticoids can mitigate hypoglycemia, complete surgical resection is the only definitive treatment of NICTH. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a broad differential for seemingly simple hypoglycemia.