bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les pêches maritimes dans l'Atlantique du Nord-Est
Authors: Carré François 
Published: October 2008

Thanks to the biological wealth of its waters and to the high economic development of the bordering countries, the North East Atlantic provides more than one fifth of the world sea fish catches. The arctic, north and south temperate species belonging to the three biogeographical fishery complexes of this region are intensively exploited, particularly since the fishermen look for non-conventional species so far neglected.
Intensive fisheries which began to increase between 1950 and 1955 were both the cause and consequence of great changes such as the failure of the herring fisheries front 1968, the fast development of industrial fisheries (now almost 50% of the total catches) and the advent of a severe regulation of fisheries by means of quotas and the new 200 miles limit.
These changes altered the distribution of the fishing grounds and the role of the fishing countries. Among these, some have chosen to develop industrial fisheries, for example Norway, Denmark and Iceland, whereas others maintained their traditional trend towards fisheries for human consumption such as the United Kingdom.
Déséquilibres hydroclimatiques et catastrophes dans le Pacifique intertropical, juillet 1982 - avril 1983
Authors: Doumenge François 
Published: October 2008

Une anomalie climatique très profonde tenant à la disparition des alizés remplacés par un large flux de vents d'Ouest s'étendant sur la bande équatoriale du Pacifique a entraîné à partir de la mi-1982 l'apparition des mécanismes typiques d'une très forte «Oscillation Méridionale d'El Niño».
Ce phénomène a atteint son maximum d'intensié à la fin de 1982 et il a acquis sa maturité l'entraînant vers un déclin rapide en mars-avril 1983. Les bouleversements des conditions hydroclimatiques du Pacifique intertropical durant cette période ont été générateurs de multiples catastrophes.
Les géographes devant l'environnement physique
Authors: Faugères Lucien , Godard Alain 
Published: October 2008

A l'occasion du XXVe Congrès International de Géographie (UGI) tenu à Paris en août 1984, il est permis de s'interroger sur l'évolution des études concernant le milieu physique.
La géographie physique connaît actuellement une mutation rapide dans ses méthodes, ses techniques et ses objectifs. Le courant de recherche « global » fondé sur l'étude du fonctionnement du « système » que représente le milieu physique avec ses interrelations, ne cesse de se renforcer. Mais les recherches plus spécialisées ou sectorielles, assez peu représentées à Paris, gardent tout leur intérêt.
Avec les progrès de la quantification qui passent souvent pas l'analyse des processus et des mécanismes, les prolongements en matière d'application se développent rapidement, comme vient de le montrer le Ier Congrès International de Géomorphologie réuni à Manchester en septembre 1985.
De plus en plus, sur le plan international, la Climatologie, la Géomorphologie émergent comme des disciplines majeures qui ont tissé avec les autres sciences leurs propres faisceaux de relations. Cette émergence est parfaitement compatible avec une démarche qui peut demeurer spécifiquement géographique.
La délimitation des aires métropolitaines. Représentations et enjeu politique
Authors: Moriset Bruno 
Published: October 2008

La métropolisation constitue un des sujets importants de l'actualité géographique de ces dernières années, notamment en France. Les difficultés théoriques posées par le processus sont nombreuses ; sans doute parce que son objet même, la métropole, est d'une définition malaisée.
La métropole lorraine permet d'illustrer ce problème avec une acuité accrue, du fait de son multipolarisme. Aucune définition ne fait l'unanimité. Faute de pouvoir délimiter une aire métropolitaine, le sens commun, dominé par le structuralisme, se tourne vers les métaphores, à partir des concepts d'axe ou de réseau métropolitain. Les définitions qui pourraient revendiquer l'objectivité n'apparaissent guère plus satisfaisantes, du fait de la complexité du tissu urbain et de l'obsolescence de certains indicateurs chiffrés. Aussi les zonages produits par l'I.N.S.E.E. sont-ils sujets à caution.
Dans la rude compétition que constitue la métropolisation, ces difficultés se transposent sur le terrain politique. Chaque ville revendique le découpage le plus favorable pour attirer les investissements ou améliorer ses bilans.
Il y a donc bien une « dilution » de la réalité géographique de la grande ville, qui devient un champ de forces sans limites précises.
Modelizacion matemática de la hidroquímica de las aguas de un macizo dolomítico-yesífero. Aplicación a la génesis de los travertinos de las Lagunas de Ruidera
Authors: Ordoñez S. , Felipe A. 
Published: October 2008

La utilización de las ecuaciones termodinámicas que relacionan los procesos de disoluciónprecipitación de travertinos calcáreos permite establecer una modelización matemática del proceso. Se han analizado dos supuestos teóricos: el de un acuífero dolomítico (D) y el de un acuífero dolomíticoyesífero (DY). La actividad de calcio de las aguas subterráneas en los dos supuestos puede ser expresada como una función del tipo:

as=10p1 ∙ (pCO2)p2 ∙ (Ts)p3

Las constantes p1, p2 y p3 varían en función de la hipótesis considerada, así en el caso del acuífero dolomítico los valores de estas constantes son:

p1= 6,71624 p2= 0,32933 p3= 3,64469

Y en el caso de un acuífero dolomítico yesífero estas constantes toman los siguientes valores:

p1= 3,29381 p2= O,03392 p3= -0,40223

Utilizando las mismas consideraciones se puede calcular el valor de la actividad final de calcio (af) en las aguas superficiales en equilibrio con la pCO2 atmosférica.
Conocidos los valores de aI y at para cualquier tipo de condicionante podemos escribir la expresión aproximada:

[[(Vt ∙ aB / (VI - SL (eL - pL))] – at] ∙ (VI - SL (eL - pL)) ∙ 105

en la que VI, es el volumen del agua infIltrada; SL la superficie de las zonas encharcadas; eL la evaporación en la lámina libre de agua, y PL la precipitación del agua sobre las zonas encharcadas. Esta expresión nos permite calcular la velocidad de precipitación de carbonatos en zonas de surgencias kársticas, así como establecer la influencia sobre el proceso de los diferentes parámetros cuencales climáticos y ambientales. Así como puede ser utilizada en la conservación y en su caso desarrollo de sistemas travertínicos actuales amenazados por desafortunadas actuaciones humanas.
A model reference robust control with application to a flight control system design
Authors: Xu Jiang , Yan Lin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a new model reference robust control scheme for plants with relative degree greater than one is proposed for the purpose of coping with the “explosion of complexity” problem in control law design. The key of the scheme is that we use a first‐order filter to link each subsystem, so that the derivative of some nonlinear functions can be avoided. As a result, the final control law can be greatly simplified. The application of this scheme to a flight control system shows that both the tracking performance and the control effort can be improved significantly in comparison with earlier research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Column and diagonal‐reduction of polynomial matrices by orthogonal transformation
Authors: Stefanovski Jovan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMany of the applications of polynomial matrices in real world systems require column‐ or diagonally‐reduced polynomial matrices. If a given polynomial matrix is not column‐ or diagonally‐reduced, Callier or Wolowich algorithms, which use unimodular transformations, can be applied for column‐ or diagonal‐reduction, respectively, as a pre‐processing step in the applications. However, Callier and Wolowich algorithms may be unstable, from a numerical viewpoint, because they use elementary column and row operations. The purpose of this paper is to present sufficient conditions for existence of a constant orthogonal transformation of the given polynomial matrix so that it becomes column‐ or diagonally‐reduced. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Review of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies with isopropanol
Authors: Faber Willem D. , Pavkov Kenneth L. , Gingell Ralph 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPublished studies for reproductive and developmental toxicity conducted with isopropanol have been conducted by the inhalation and oral gavage routes of administration. Interpretation of the data from these studies has resulted in discussions regarding NOAELs and additional benchmark dose modeling publications. Unpublished reproductive and developmental toxicity studies administered in the drinking water were also conducted by BIBRA, and the results of those studies are presented here. In addition, all of the reproductive and developmental toxicity studies conducted with isopropanol are summarized and evaluated for concordance of effects and NOAELs. Endpoints of concern for regulatory agencies were decreases in male mating index and reductions in postnatal pup survival. Original study reports were evaluated and data collated to address these two endpoints, and the data summarized. Data are presented suggesting that there were technical problems in the study that implied a decrease in male mating index, and based on the results from the drinking water studies, the weight of evidence suggests that isopropanol does not affect male mating or fertility at dose levels of up to 1000 mg/kg/day. The weight of evidence suggests that isopropanol can cause decreases in postnatal pup survival following oral gavage administration of 1000–1200 mg/kg/day to the dams. The NOAEL for this endpoint with oral gavage administration was 700 mg/kg/day. Indications of maternal toxicity were also an important predictor for decreased postnatal survival. Decreased postnatal pup survival was also noted in the drinking water studies with isopropanol with a LOAEL of 2278 mg/kg/day and a NOAEL of 1947 mg/kg/day. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 83:459‐476, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studying protein structure and function using semisynthesis
Authors: Muir Tom W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this review, which is more or less a transcript of my du Vigneaud Award Lecture, I cover the development and application of the protein semisynthesis technique, Expressed Protein Ligation (EPL). EPL allows the assembly of modified proteins from recombinant and synthetic peptide building blocks. The approach has been widely used since its introduction in 1998 and has allowed a number of biochemical problems to be solved through the use of CEdesigner1 proteins. In this article, the utility of the approach is illustrated through work in my own lab and with an emphasis on the use of EPL to study the role of protein post‐translational modifications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 743–750, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Pollenschlauchwachstum. Need for speed oder: im Rausch der Geschwindigkeit
Authors: Pertl Heidi , Obermeyer Gerhard 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTrotz seines einfachen Aufbaus ist die Biologie des Pollenkorns komplizierter als erwartet. Die einzelnen zellulären Prozesse, die für das Wachstum des Pollenschlauches wichtig sind, sind vielfach über ein regulatorisches Netzwerk miteinander verknüpft, sodass nur eine genaue Steuerung aller Prozesse zu einem erfolgreichen und schnellen Wachstum führt. Störungen im Ablauf der zellulären Prozesse führen zu einem Stopp oder einer Verlangsamung des Schlauchwachstums oder einem zu schnellen Wachstum mit dem Risiko des Platzens des Schlauches. In beiden Fällen ist keine erfolgreiche Befruchtung mehr möglich. Vielleicht erlaubt diese labile Balance die Selektion des fittesten Erbgutes für die nächste Generation der Pflanzen.
Welternährung im 21. Jahrhundert. Eine umfassende Herausforderung (Teil 1)
Authors: Krawinkel Michael B. , Keding Gudrun B. , Chavez‐Zander Ursula , Jordan Irmgard , Habte Tzige‐Yohannes 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDie Ernährung der Weltbevölkerung im 21. Jahrhundert erscheint manchen als unlösbares Problem. Tatsächlich umfasst diese Herausforderung mehr als eine Steigerung der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion. Aus einem kurzen Rückblick auf die Geschichte der Nahrungsproduktion werden verschiedene Aspekte der Entwicklung deutlich: Errungenschaften wie die “Grüne Revolution”, aber auch ihr Preis in der Zunahme der Zahl der Landlosen. Große Unterschiede bestehen in der landwirtschaftlichen Produktivität: Auf den bisher schon genutzten Flächen kann mehr produziert werden. Der Klimawandel verändert die Rahmenbedingungen landwirtschaftlicher Produktion mit Verlusten und Gewinnen an nutzbarer Fläche. Allein durch Innovationen in Pflanzenzucht und ‐anbau sind die Herausforderungen der Welternährung nicht zu bewältigen. Sozioökonomische Faktoren, Bildung und Gesundheit spielen eine zunehmende Rolle.
Höhlenfische: Und die im Dunkeln sieht man doch...
Authors: Tobler Michael , Plath Martin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDie Weibchen des Atlantikkärpflings (Poecilia mexicana) bevorzugen große Männchen. Doch was geschieht, wenn Populationen dieser Art in der vollkommenen Dunkelheit von Höhlen leben? Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass die Evolution hier in unterschiedliche Richtungen wirken kann: Während die Weibchen in einer kleinen Höhle keine Unterschiede zwischen großen und kleinen Männchen machen, entwickelten die Weibchen einer größeren Höhle die Fähigkeit, auch im Dunkeln besonders attraktive Sexualpartner zu finden.
Überexpression rekombinanter Proteine
Authors: Boesler Benjamin , Müller Sara 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFür viele biochemische und molekularbiologische Analysen ist es notwendig, Proteine in großer Menge herzustellen. Dazu werden im Labor beispielsweise gentechnisch veränderte Bakterienstämme von Escherichia coli genutzt, die zu einer vermehrten Expression rekombinanter Proteine fähig sind.
Ilja Ilič Mečnikov erhält den Nobelpreis für Medizin und Physiologie
Authors: Penzlin Heinz 
Published: October 2008

AbstractVor hundert Jahren erhielten der russische Zoologe Ilja Ilič Mečnikov und der deutsche Mediziner Paul Ehrlich den Nobelpreis für Medizin und Physiologie “als Anerkennung ihrer Arbeiten über die Immunität”. Mit Mečnikov wurde der Hauptvertreter des zellulären, mit Paul Ehrlich der Hauptvertreter des humoralen Konzepts der natürlichen Abwehrvorgänge geehrt. Beide Konzepte bilden heute die Grundpfeiler der modernen Immunologie.
Alternative dispute resolution in medical malpractice: A survey of emerging trends and practices
Authors: Szmania Susan J. , Johnson Addie M. , Mulligan Margaret 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis article summarizes the survey findings from thirteen organizations offering alternative dispute resolution (ADR) services in medical malpractice cases. We discuss the types of disputes handled, the ADR systems used, the typical case outcomes, and the staff qualifications. We also report on the challenges and successes that these ADR programs faced, including the impact of recent legislation on medical malpractice litigation. The results highlight the central role of communication in resolving conflict following unexpected medical errors.
The mediation metamodel: Understanding practice
Authors: Alexander Nadja 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe mediation metamodel provides a systematic framework for understanding mediation as it is practiced in a variety of professional and cultural contexts. Six mediation practices are introduced within the framework of the metamodel: settlement mediation, facilitative mediation, transformative mediation, expert advisory mediation, wise counsel mediation, and tradition/based mediation. The relationships of these different practices to one another are explored and the assumptions underlying them are examined with reference to the literature. The metamodel provides orientation in the dispute resolution field not only for mediators, parties, and their lawyers, but also for regulators, referring bodies, researchers, and students of mediation.
Analysis of high molecular mass proteins larger than 150 kDa using cyanogen bromide cleavage and conventional 2‐DE
Authors: Morla Aymeric , Poirier Florence , Pons Sylvie , Beaulieu Corinne , Charrier Jean‐Philippe , Ataman‐Önal Yasemin , Gléhen Olivier , Jolivet Michel , Choquet‐Kastylevsky Geneviève 
Published: October 2008

AbstractProteomic approaches including high‐resolution 2‐DE are providing the tools needed to discover disease‐associated biomarkers in complex biological samples. Although 2‐DE is an extremely powerful approach to analyze the proteome, the separation of proteins with extreme molecular masses still remains an issue requiring improvement. Because high molecular mass (HMM) proteins larger than 150 kDa have already been observed to be differentially expressed in several pathologies such as cancer, we developed an original strategy to analyze this part of the proteome that is not easily separated by 2‐DE in polyacrylamide gels. This strategy is based on the 2‐DE separation of cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragments of purified HMM protein fractions, and combines techniques including SEC fractionation, TCA precipitation, CNBr cleavage, 2‐DE and MS analysis. The method was first tested on a model protein, the BSA. Preliminary results obtained using colonic tissues led to the identification of six HMM proteins with Mr comprised between 163 and 533 kDa in their reduced state. These results demonstrated that our CNBr/2‐DE approach should provide a powerful tool for identification of new biomarkers larger than 150 kDa.
Enantiomeric separation of some flavanones using shinorhizobial linear octasaccharides in CE
Authors: Kwon Chanho , Paik Seung R. , Jung Seunho 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSuccinoglycan, a shinorhizobial exopolysaccharide produced by Shinorhizobium meliloti, is composed of an octasaccharide subunit. S. meliloti produces both high‐molecular‐weight and low‐molecular‐weight (Mr<10 000) succinoglycans that consisted of monomer, dimer, or trimer of an octasaccharide unit. We isolated and purified the monomer among low‐molecular‐weight succinoglycans and used this microbial linear octasaccharide as a novel chiral additive for enantiomeric separation of some flavanones such as homoeriodictyol, hesperetin, naringenin, and isosakuranetin in CE. Throughout the present investigation, we firstly used noncyclic oligosaccharides for the chiral separation of flavanones. We also found that successful enantioseparation of four flavanones depends on the presence of succinate substituents of the linear monomeric octasaccharide in CE, suggesting that succinylation of succinoglycan monomer is decisive for the effective enantiomeric separation.
Further Basidiomycetes from Yemen
Authors: Kreisel H. , Al‐Fatimi M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAs a result of recent (2004–2007) collections from continental Yemen and Socotra island, 22 additional species of Basidiomycetes could be added to the macromycete flora of Yemen, and additional localities of species already known from Yemen are enumerated. For the first time since 1892 several species of larger fungi have been collected on the Socotra island, belonging to Yemen.The distribution of macromycete species in the principal types of habitat (main vegetation units) is presented, some phenomena of adaptation with regard of spore dispersal under conditions of semidesertic and steppe habitats are described, and the mycogeographic elements represented in the territory are discussed. Endemic taxa of macromycetes could not be ascertained with reliability from Yemen up to date. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gedanken über sommergrüne Breitlaubwälder
Authors: Knapp H. D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDie klimatisch bedingten Varianten nemoraler Laubwälder werden in ihrer pflanzengeographischen Stellung skizziert und für Europa durch Vegetationstypen der Karte der natürlichen Vegetation Europas charakterisiert. Flächenanteil und Struktur von sommergrünen Breitlaubwäldern wurden durch Waldrodungen und diverse Nutzungen stark verändert. Ihre Schutzsituation ist unzureichend und bedarf der Verbesserung durch deutliche Erhöhung des Anteils von nutzungsfreien Schutzgebieten und durch konsequente Anwendung der Prinzipien guter fachlicher Praxis in Wirtschaftswäldern. Deutschland trägt eine besondere globale Verantwortung für den Schutz von Buchenwäldern. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bivariate association analyses for the mixture of continuous and binary traits with the use of extended generalized estimating equations
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Pei Yufang , Papasian, Chris J. , Deng Hong‐Wen 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGenome‐wide association (GWA) study is becoming a powerful tool in deciphering genetic basis of complex human diseases/traits. Currently, the univariate analysis is the most commonly used method to identify genes associated with a certain disease/phenotype under study. A major limitation with the univariate analysis is that it may not make use of the information of multiple correlated phenotypes, which are usually measured and collected in practical studies. The multivariate analysis has proven to be a powerful approach in linkage studies of complex diseases/traits, but it has received little attention in GWA. In this study, we aim to develop a bivariate analytical method for GWA study, which can be used for a complex situation in which continuous trait and a binary trait are measured under study. Based on the modified extended generalized estimating equation (EGEE) method we proposed herein, we assessed the performance of our bivariate analyses through extensive simulations as well as real data analyses. In the study, to develop an EGEE approach for bivariate genetic analyses, we combined two different generalized linear models corresponding to phenotypic variables using a seemingly unrelated regression model. The simulation results demonstrated that our EGEE‐based bivariate analytical method outperforms univariate analyses in increasing statistical power under a variety of simulation scenarios. Notably, EGEE‐based bivariate analyses have consistent advantages over univariate analyses whether or not there exists a phenotypic correlation between the two traits. Our study has practical importance, as one can always use multivariate analyses as a screening tool when multiple phenotypes are available, without extra costs of statistical power and false‐positive rate. Analyses on empirical GWA data further affirm the advantages of our bivariate analytical method.Genet. Epidemiol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.