bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'extension sociale du marché dans le néolibéralisme
Authors: Legrand Stéphane 
Published: December 2008

Cet article se propose de reprendre les analyses consacrées par Foucault à l’extension sociale du modèle théorique du marché concurrentiel libre en les rattachant à l’évolution de la catégorie (juridique, morale, psychologique) de responsabilité, et ce autour de deux types de processus : les transformations du concept de responsabilité pénale depuis le début du 19 e siècle, notamment sous l’influence de l’expertise psychiatrique ; la responsabilisation infinie des sujets vis-à-vis d’euxmêmes qu’induisent les dispositifs de gouvernementalité néolibéraux. L’auteur croit pouvoir dégager de cette analyse un chiasme structurant, situé au coeur des régimes normatifs propres aux politiques de la criminalité contemporaines.
Pouvoir, sexualité et politique dans les médias biélorusses
Authors: Ousmanova Almira 
Published: December 2008

Résumé En s'appuyant sur une approche constructiviste des médias, et revisitant L'histoire de la sexualité de Michel Foucault, Almira Ousmanova analyse l'articulation de la question sexuelle et du discours politique post-soviétique dans les médias biélorusses. Elle montre qu'en assimilant tous ceux qui s'opposent au pouvoir en place à des minorités sexuelles elles-mêmes représentées comme dotées d'une sexualité « méprisable », les médias officiels biélorusses contribuent à un double objectif : discréditer toute différence de genre et de sexualité (et ainsi maintenir un statu quo entre le pouvoir actuel et le système de valeurs traditionnel) et délégitimer toute différence politique : l'image de l'opposition « pédérastique » condition de la « masculinité » du pouvoir en place doit jouer son rôle historique à la veille des élections présidentielles.
Peut-on désutopiser le cosmopolitisme ?
Authors: Cusset Yves 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Par-delà la multiplicité des discours sur l'internationalisation des règles juridiques et la globalisation culturelle, la question politique du cosmopolitisme reste encore entièrement ouverte. Le problème qu'elle pose peut aujourd'hui être ramené à l'antinomie entre une thèse habermasienne et une antithèse qu'on peut dire arendtienne. La première stipulerait qu'une politique effective des droits de l'homme est susceptible de donner à une société politique mondiale son fondement normatif quasi-constitutionnel, même s'il demeure éthiquement et culturellement faible. La seconde insisterait au contraire sur le caractère indépassable, même dans la perspective de droits universels, du lien entre citoyenneté et nationalité. La solution à cette antinomie passe par une réflexion à la fois ontologique et politique : ontologique sur la possibilité de repenser le commun hors des limites de l'identique, et historico-politique sur la possibilitÃ© d'une culture politique commune au-delà d'un ethnos commun et d'un espace public national. Cette double réflexion, ainsi que son apport pour penser l'antinomie politique du cosmopolitisme, est le principal objet de cet article.
siRNA‐targeted COL8A1 inhibits proliferation, reduces invasion and enhances sensitivity to D‐limonence treatment in hepatocarcinoma cells
Authors: Zhao Yongfu , Jia Li , Mao Xiaoyan , Xu Henggui , Wang Bo , Liu Yongji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe COL8A1 (collagen type VIII, alpha‐1) gene, which encodes the alpha 1 chain of collagen, type VIII, may modulate migration, proliferation and adherence of various cells. Only very sparse information exists on COL8A1 expression in hepatocarcinoma. To investigate the possible role of COL8A1 in the mouse hepatocarcinoma cell line Hca‐F with highly metastatic potential in the lymph nodes, we used an RNA interference (RNAi) approach to silence COL8A1 expression. The results showed that a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted against COL8A1 significantly impeded Hca‐F cells proliferation and colony formation in soft agar. This reduction of COL8A1 expression also led to the decreased invasion of Hca‐F cells dramatically in vitro. Furthermore, the downregulation of COL8A1 expression also sensitized cells to the action of D‐limonene. These data together provide insights into the function of COL8A1 and suggest that COL8A1 might represent a new potential target for gene therapy in hepatocarcinoma. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 61(1): 74–79, 2009
Isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(phenylene sulfide)/TLCP composites
Authors: Kalkar A.K. , Deshpande V.D. , Kulkarni M.J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe isothermal crystallization kinetics, the morphology, and the melting behavior of melt‐processed composites of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with a thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester, Vectra A950, (TLCP) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. The crystallization behavior of PPS in PPS/TLCP composites is observed to be highly sensitive to Tc and immiscible TLCP content in the composites. The spherulite growth rate, the overall crystallization rate, and the activation energy of PPS in PPS/TLCP composites are markedly depressed by the presence of TLCP. The analysis of the Avrami kinetic parameters (n and k) indicates that blending of TLCP with PPS causes heterogeneous growth process and nucleation mechanisms. At low Tcs, the PPS crystallization rate is faster than that neat PPS with ≤30 wt% TLCP loading whereas at high Tcs it remains almost unchanged. The analysis of the melting behavior of these composites indicates that the stability of PPS crystals and their reorganization is influenced both by the Tcs and the composite compositions. The sizes and the number of spherulites change a great extent with composite composition with a drop of spherulite rapid growth rate, at constant Tc, with increasing content of TLCP in composites. The analysis based on the Lauritzen‐Hoffmann secondary nucleation theory, using present DSC data, indicates that present data predominantly follow a linear growth trend over a present range of Tcs and PPS crystallization in composites still occurs according to regime II kinetics, whereby multiple surface nuclei form on the substrate with multiple nucleation acts commencing before initially formed growth layer is completed. The fold surface free energy of PPS chains in composites is found higher than that of neat PPS, leading to an average higher work of chain folding and is ascribed to a general development of the PPS chain mobility in the composite melt. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Praecordial pulsations in health and disease
Authors: Mounsey Patrick 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In a previous paper (Mounsey, 1966) the genesis of praecordial pulsations in health and disease was examined. The normal, short, outward impulse at the apex reflected underlying early systolic outward movement of the underlying ventricle as visualized in the lateral angiocardiogram. The sustained impulse of left ventricular hypertrophy was seen in the angiocardiogram to be due to failure of retraction of the antero-apical portion of the left ventricle in late systole. In cardiac aneurysm where a sustained impulse is also met, paradoxical pulsation of the aneurysm with failure of late systolic retraction accounted for the abnormal impulse.
Marked systolic retraction of the cardiac impulse was met in two important conditions, tricuspid incompetence and constrictive pericarditis. The high stroke-output of the dilated right ventricle in tricuspid incompetence with both forward and backward ejection of blood accounted for systolic retraction at the apex in this condition. In constrictive pericarditis, on the other hand, in cases where the process involves predominantly the atrioventricular groove and outflow tract regions, the relatively free surface of the anterior wall of the right ventricle may show compensatory increased movement with marked systolic retraction and diastolic expansion, themselves in turn transmitted to the praecordium.
The giant atrial beat of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy reflected increased atrioventricular transport function as was shown in the timed cineangiocardiogram.
In the present paper, details of the form of the cardiac impulse in health and disease are described. These have been recorded with an instrument measuring absolute displacement, the impulse cardiograph (Beilin & Mounsey, 1962). The impulse cardiogram aims at being a graphic record of what the physician’s hand and fingers feel.
Preoperative diagnosis of strangulated obturator hernia
Authors: Archampong Emmunuel Quaye 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Six cases of strangulated obturator hernia seen over a period of 8 months in a sixty-bed surgical unit are reported. The sex ratio was five females to one male. There was no mortality.
The importance of preoperative diagnosis or suspicion of obturator hernia is stressed. In this radiology may be of help.
Treatment is briefly discussed.
A pre- and post-operative study of forty-six cases of slipped intervertebral disc
Authors: Harto-Garofalidis G , Papavassiliou N , Rigopoulos Ch , Papathanassiou B T 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The results of operation on 46 cases of slipped disc have been studied.
The age of the patient and the duration of pre-operative symptoms both influence the late results.
Results were not usually satisfactory in cases with severe limitation of straight-leg raising.
Severe pressure on the nerve-root produces permanent changes and symptoms do not always disappear after its relief.
The presence of degenerative changes, visible on the radiograph, is associated with poor late results.
Tears of the posterior longitudinal ligament are associated with satisfactory late results.
In the majority of cases, the early and late results were similar.
Serum-insulin response to glucose in ‘pancreatic diabetes’
Authors: Bank Simmy , Keller P , Jackson W P U , Marks I N 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Thirty patients with chronic pancreatitis (mostly calcific) were tested for glucose tolerance and serum insulin response to glucose loading. The responses were very variable and the insulin values did not clearly relate to the ‘glucose-tolerance-status’. Some subjects had low insulin levels throughout, some had average to high fasting levels without further response, and some showed an excellent rise of insulin level after glucose.
No antibodies to insulin could be found in seven patients. Synalbumin antagonist was present at 1·25% in five out of twelve patients tested.
A study of pre-operative sedatives
Authors: Parkhouse James , Mahoney Joan 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A state-registered nurse acted as a whole-time investigator following patients through the pre-operative night in hospital and questioning them in the morning, to assess the relative merits of different medications. Two new sedatives were compared with a standard barbiturate and a placebo, and information was collected from patients who elected to have no medication to help them sleep. Subjective assessment enabled the placebo to be distinguished from the active medications, although there was little difference between these. The importance of psychological factors is discussed in relation to those patients who had no medication.
Hypothyroidism due to enzyme defects
Authors: McGirr E M , Thomson John A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Defects in thyroid hormone production, transport and utilization are classified.
Particular attention is given to inherited intrathyroidal defects in hormone synthesis which impair thyroid function and lead to goitre formation and hypothyroidism. Anomalies in biosynthesis may also result from disease or drugs.
Reference is made to the derangement of iodine metabolism that results from iodine deficiency and from insufficient TSH.
Illustrative clinical problems with regard to transport and utilization are quoted, and it is inferred that they lie in rather neglected areas.
Throughout an attempt has been made to show how the clinical problems that are encountered in practice may, by the techniques of investigation available to us, be related to the theoretical list of defects that are included in the classification.
Arteriography of the coeliac axis and superior mesenteric artery in five cases of haemochromatosis with particular regard to the pancreatic circulation
Authors: Scuro L A , Curri G , Monti G , Zuin R , Romani S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Arteriography of the coeliac axis and superior mesenteric artery in five patients with haemochromatosis revealed a constant deficit of pancreatic vascularization as shown by reduced visualization of the arterial circle. These consistent results appear to be significant. There was no correlation between the existence and severity of diabetes mellitus and the pancreatic vascular involvement.
Propranolol in hypertension
Authors: Tewari S N , Grant R H E 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Twenty-four hypertensive patients, eleven of whom had angina pectoris as well, have been treated with propranolol in doses up to 400 mg daily. The thirteen patients without angina received methyldopa 2 g daily in addition to propranolol. A significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found in both groups.
Results from other authors are discussed.
Contrast radiography of the nasopharynx
Authors: Evison Gordon 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A technique of contrast radiography of the nasopharynx is described and indications for the procedure are reviewed. The main advantage of using this method is the simple and effective way it outlines the tumour mass and shows its response to therapy and any localized recurrences. Characteristic features of tumours at different sites are illustrated. The potential usefulness of this technique in detecting early lesions is emphasized.
Hard and soft osteo-arthritis
Authors: Broad C P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
This short paper attempts to show how the X-ray appearance influences the choice and success of operative procedures performed on the hip and knee joints for osteo-arthritis. If the bones look ‘soft’ the only methods likely to succeed are those in which total replacement coupled with the use of cement ensure firm anchorage and wide distribution of stress. When bones look ‘hard’ simpler methods are usually satisfactory.
Nephropathy and viroses
Authors: Reimann Hobart A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The kidneys often are involved during viral diseases, but seem to be peculiarly resistant to injury in contrast to other organs and tissues. They rarely bear the brunt of infection. Clinical evidence of viral nephritis or nephrosis seldom is of serious import and when it occurs it may be indistinguishable from that of other cause unless specific diagnostic criteria are fulfilled. With increasing interest in the subject, as happens in other circumstances, more evidence of acute or chronic viral injury to the kidneys no doubt will accrue.
Viral infections associated with renal disturbance
[Table: see text]
Adult nephrotic syndrome in Ibadan, Nigeria: a prospective study of 135 cases
Authors: Akinkugbe O O , Hunton Mollie 
Published: December 2008

Summary
One hundred and thirty-five adult patients admitted into the medical wards with the nephrotic syndrome have been studied over a period of 3 years.
The histopathology in eighty-one renal biopsies showed predominantly proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Nine patients had filariasis and in six of these the microfilaria isolated was Loa loa. Six patients had malarial parasitaemia; of these, three had P. malariae infection. Urinary schistosomiasis was diagnosed in four patients.
Twenty-seven patients were noted to be hypertensive and 104 patients had some degree of impairment of renal function. A total of nine deaths was recorded (6·7%) in the 3-year period.
The significance of these results is discussed.
Antral function in duodenal ulcer
Authors: Tovey F I , Parker K , Swaminathan M , Daniell A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A dye-dilution technique is used to compare the concentration and output of acid, chloride and pepsin in duodenal ulcer patients and controls following stimulation of the antrum with alcohol, sodium bicarbonate and peptone with the response to insulin hypoglycaemia and maximal histamine stimulation.
The mean secretory rate was higher in response to all the stimuli in duodenal ulcer patients except to sodium bicarbonate.
Following antral stimulation by peptone and sodium bicarbonate the acid and chloride concentrations rose to very high levels. The mean outputs were the same as those following maximal histamine stimulation although there were wide individual variations. There was no difference between duodenal ulcer patients and controls. The ‘neutral chloride’ concentration was much less than in the other phases.
The basal secretion and the secretions in response to insulin and histamine stimulation showed higher concentrations, as well as higher outputs of acid and chloride in duodenal ulcer patients.
Pepsin concentration in response to the various stimuli showed no difference between duodenal ulcer patients and controls and the pepsin output reflected the changes in secretory volume.
Blunt abdominal trauma treated in an intensive care ward
Authors: Arthur G W , Lane B E 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Seventy-two cases of major abdominal trauma with an overall mortality of 29% are reviewed. Only cases of sufficient severity to require nursing in an intensive care unit are included.
The incidence of injury to the various viscera is shown.
Methods of diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
The causes of death in this series are analysed and ways of lowering the mortality figures outlined.
The epidemiology of sarcoidosis
Authors: Hall G , Sharma O P , Naish P , Doe W , James D Geraint 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe nationality, social factors, exposures, morbidity, mortality, and hospital discharge notes have been analysed in a series of patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis, and correlated with clinical and radiological features.Compared with the expected prevalence according to the Central London population obtained from the 1961 Census, Irish and West Indians attended the Sarcoidosis Clinic twice as frequently as British, whereas African Negroes are under-represented.Sarcoidosis is slightly commoner in women, particularly those in the childbearing years of life.Mass miniature radiography rates per 100,000 population reveal prevalence rates of twenty overall, forty-three in those aged 25-34 years, and ten in those aged over 45 years.Erythema nodosum, other skin lesions, and ocular involvement occurred twice as often in women.The death-rate of about 1·7/106 population is slightly higher in women and in those living in rural districts.Hospital discharge rates are about three per 100,000 people at risk each year.
Total fasting, hyperuricaemia and gout
Authors: Runcie J , Thomson T J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Hyperuricaemia occurred in forty-two obese subjects treated by total fasting.
This was apparently harmless in that it did not lead to acute gout in any patient, including one male known to be a sufferer from gout.
The relationship between hyperuricaemia and the acute arthropathy of gout is discussed.
Treatment of Gram-negative infections in patients before and after renal transplantation
Authors: Leigh D A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Sixty-six Gram-negative infections, occurring in thirty-four patients before and after human cadaveric renal transplantation, were treated with either gentamicin or carbenicillin. All patients were difficult chemotherapeutic problems and many were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The majority of the infections occurred either in the urinary tract or in the peritoneal cavity following dialysis.
Laboratory studies with gentamicin showed that 98% of the strains of Gram-negative bacilli from this group of patients were sensitive to 5 μg/ml. Seventy-seven per cent of all Gram-negative bacilli were sensitive to 100 μg/ml of carbenicillin.
The outcome of treatment was found to depend on the presence of an underlying abnormality. An overall cure rate of 75% was achieved in simple infections but where the infection was complicated by an underlying abnormality the rate fell to 45% and reinfection was very common (67%). There was no significant difference in the cure rate obtained with gentamicin or carbenicillin.
Acute toxic effects due to gentamicin were seen in one case but many patients died before assessment was possible. No toxic effects were seen with carbenicillin treatment but intramuscular injections often caused local pain.
Gentamicin and carbenicillin are two valuable additions to the antibiotics available for the treatment of Gram-negative infections. The success of treatment in these infections, however, will depend on the accessibility of the primary focus of infection to the antibiotic and the nature of the underlying abnormality.
The later clinical course of haematemesis
Authors: Shafar J , Midgley J P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A study was conducted on the natural history of haematemesis in patients with peptic ulcer and in those with negative radiological examination, the bleed having occurred at least 5 years previously; excluded were those who had undergone emergency or interim surgery.
No significant difference was found in the average severity of the bleed between the ulcer and non-ulcer groups, which were comparable in age-distributions.
Routine follow-up after the haemorrhage was discontinued following correction of the post-haemorrhagic anaemia; the present haematological status was found to be satisfactory in the very great majority and it appears that the acute bleed bears little if any relationship to the process of chronic blood loss.
Physical examination and liver function tests revealed no evidence of delayed hepatic damage ensuing as a consequence of transfusion.
Recurrent haemorrhages occurred in similar proportions in the ulcer and non-ulcer groups; they revealed no particular time interval or features of significant distinction from those of the initial bleed.
Persistence of dyspepsia showed no correlation with a bleeding tendency.
There is a preponderance of blood group O in the ulcer and non-ulcer bleeders.
The radiological presence of a peptic ulcer does not necessarily indicate that this is the source of the bleeding and it is suggested that the comparable features of the select group of ulcer cases of our series and the non-ulcer cases offer support to the view that the origin of the bleed in a fair proportion of instances is common to the two groups; the possibility of a derangement of the microvasculature as the operating mechanism is mooted.
Defibrination syndrome
Authors: Ata M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Three cases of defibrination syndrome and bleeding tendency are described. In each case the aetiology was completely different but thrombocytopenia and fibrinogenopenia were present together. This combination is invariably due to diffuse intravascular clotting and it is suggested that these simple investigations should be asked for in cases of unexplained shock, acute renal failure of obscure origin, severe intravascular haemolysis, septic abortions, etc.
Heparin would appear to be of value in these cases of defibrination.
However, if there is no thrombocytopenia, defibrination may be due to excessive fibrinolysis. This should be treated with anti-fibrinolytics only when an underlying clotting defect has been excluded.
Progress in asthma
Authors: Palmer K N V 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Bronchial asthma is a serious disease which carries a potential threat to life. Deaths from asthma have risen alarmingly in Britain in recent years in spite of the availability of powerful drugs to combat the attack. Overdosage from pressurized aerosols containing isoprenaline is common and is undoubtedly a factor in the rise in asthma deaths by causing fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Corticosteroid drugs in large doses are needed in all severe exacerbations of asthma and failure to respond to this group of drugs, especially when the arterial carbon dioxide tension is rising, is an urgent indication for assisted ventilation.