bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RECEPTION OF DIONYSIUS IN TWENTIETH‐CENTURY EASTERN ORTHODOXY
Authors: GAVRILYUK PAUL L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis essay surveys diverse interpretations of the CD by twentieth‐century Eastern Orthodox theologians. This essay argues that the evaluation of Dionysius' contribution crucially depends upon the master narrative within which the CD is considered. For example, for Vladimir Lossky, Dionysius' apophaticism was the “dogmatic ground” of Byzantine mystical theology, whereas according to John Meyendorff, Dionysius' theology was in need of a “Christological corrective” later provided in the theologies of Maximus the Confessor and Gregory Palamas. The points of contact and contrast between Dionysian mystical theology and Russian sophiology are also discussed. Finally, this essay argues that modern Orthodox readings of the CD are characterized by a profound irony: while they are in various degrees indebted to the Western intellectual tradition (as, for example, Christos Yannaras is to Heidegger), Orthodox theologians often use Dionysius to forge an anti‐Western Orthodox theological identity.
The ACR Model: A Multivariate Dynamic Mixture Autoregression*
Authors: Bec Frédérique , Rahbek Anders , Shephard Neil 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes and analyses the autoregressive conditional root (ACR) time‐series model. This multivariate dynamic mixture autoregression allows for non‐stationary epochs. It proves to be an appealing alternative to existing nonlinear models, e.g. the threshold autoregressive or Markov switching class of models, which are commonly used to describe nonlinear dynamics as implied by arbitrage in presence of transaction costs. Simple conditions on the parameters of the ACR process and its innovations are shown to imply geometric ergodicity, stationarity and existence of moments. Furthermore, consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimators are established. An application to real exchange rate data illustrates the analysis.
Use of the microdialysis technique to assess lipolytic responsiveness of femoral adipose tissue after 12 sessions of mechanical massage technique
Authors: Monteux C , Lafontan M 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground  Adipocytes in femoral areas are known to be metabolically ‘silent’. Changes related to fat cell hypertrophy may be involved in the formation of cellulite. A mechanical massage technique, with circulatory and dermotrophic properties, has been shown to have an impact on clinical evaluations (i.e. changes in morphometric measurements) in cellulite areas. Whether this technique affected lipolytic responsiveness in subcutaneous adipose tissue of cellulite areas was not known.Objective  Using a microdialysis technique in subcutaneous adipose tissue, a study was carried out to test the in situ incidence of a mechanical massage technique in terms of adipose tissue responsiveness to a lipolytic challenge.Materials and methods  Nine healthy women volunteers with cellulite (grade ≥ 2) were included and treated with 12 sessions of mechanical massage technique (Endermologie®). Microdialysis has been carried out in the femoral adipose tissue in order to assess lipolytic responsiveness via glycerol determination following perfusion of a lipolytic agent (0.1, 1 and 10 µm isoproterenol). Clinical evaluations (measurements of waist, thighs and skin fold) were carried out in parallel. All evaluations were performed before and after treatment.Results  The studied intervention lowered resting dialysate glycerol levels in femoral adipose tissue. The lipid‐mobilizing effect of isoproterenol was enhanced after 1 month of treatment. In addition, a clear decrease of morphometric measurements (mean decrease on thighs perimeter: 3.1 to 3.3 cm, P < 0.01) was observed.Conclusion  These results suggest an increase in the lipolytic responsiveness of femoral adipose tissue in women with cellulite having undergone 12 sessions of mechanical massage.
Linkage and Association Study of Late‐Onset Alzheimer Disease Families Linked to 9p21.3
Authors: Züchner S. , Gilbert J. R. , Martin E. R. , Leon‐Guerrero C. R. , Xu P.‐T. , Browning C. , Bronson P. G. , Whitehead P. , Schmechel D. E. , Haines J. L. , Pericak‐Vance M. A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA chromosomal locus for late‐onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) has previously been mapped to 9p21.3. The most significant results were reported in a sample of autopsy‐confirmed families. Linkage to this locus has been independently confirmed in AD families from a consanguineous Israeli‐Arab community. In the present study we analyzed an expanded clinical sample of 674 late‐onset AD families, independently ascertained by three different consortia. Sample subsets were stratified by site and autopsy‐confirmation. Linkage analysis of a dense array of SNPs across the chromosomal locus revealed the most significant results in the 166 autopsy‐confirmed families of the NIMH sample. Peak HLOD scores of 4.95 at D9S741 and 2.81 at the nearby SNP rs2772677 were obtained in a dominant model. The linked region included the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A gene (CDKN2A), which has been suggested as an AD candidate gene. By re‐sequencing all exons in the vicinity of CDKN2A in 48 AD cases, we identified and genotyped four novel SNPs, including a non‐synonymous, a synonymous, and two variations located in untranslated RNA sequences. Family‐based allelic and genotypic association analysis yielded significant results in CDKN2A (rs11515: PDT p = 0.003, genotype‐PDT p = 0.014). We conclude that CDKN2A is a promising new candidate gene potentially contributing to AD susceptibility on chromosome 9p.
Understory Colonization of Eucalyptus Plantations in Hawaii in Relation to Light and Nutrient Levels
Authors: Ostertag Rebecca , Giardina Christian P. , Cordell Susan 
Published: August 2008

Abstract Exotic tree plantations may serve as catalysts for native forest regeneration in agriculturally degraded landscapes. In 2001, we evaluated plant species regeneration in the understory of a 7‐year‐old experimental Eucalyptus saligna forest in Hawaii approximately 1 year after the cessation of 5 years of herbicide. These forests were organized in a 2 × 2–factorial design of planting density (1 × 1– or 3 × 3–m spacing) and fertilization (unfertilized control and regular fertilization), which resulted in varying resource availabilities. We found that understory biomass was highest under high light conditions, regardless of fertilization treatment, whereas species richness was lowest under fertilized 1 × 1–m plots. The understory was dominated by species exotic to Hawaii. The most common tree species, the noxious weed Citharexylum caudatum, was particularly successful because high light–saturated photosynthesis rates and a low light compensation point allowed for high growth and survival under both light conditions. To assess longer‐term recruitment patterns, we resurveyed a portion of this site in 2006 and also surveyed five Eucalyptus plantations in this region of Hawaii that differed in age (5–23 years), species (E. saligna, E. grandis, E. cloeziana, E. microcorys), and management (experimental, industrial, nonindustrial stewardship); all were established on previous agricultural sites within approximately 3 km of native‐dominated forest. Again, very few native species were present in any of the stands, indicating that within certain landscapes and for native species with certain life history traits, exotic plantations may be ineffective nursery ecosystems for the regeneration of native species.
Spatial Analysis of Effects of Mowing and Burning on Colony Expansion in Reintroduced Black‐Tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus)
Authors: Northcott Jason , Andersen Mark C. , Roemer Gary W. , Fredrickson Ed L. , DeMers Michael , Truett Joe , Ford Paulette L. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract Factors governing the rate and direction of prairie dog (Cynomys spp.) colony expansion remain poorly understood. However, increased knowledge and ability to control these factors may lead to more effective reintroductions of prairie dogs and restoration of grassland habitats. We present density and directional analyses of the establishment of new burrows on three reintroduced colonies of Black‐tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) in southern New Mexico; the study colonies had been subjected to mow and burn treatments in the second year of the study. Our hypotheses were that prairie dogs will preferentially dig new burrows in the treatment plots versus control plots and that the colonies will expand in the direction of the treatment plots. The results support these hypotheses; analysis of burrow counts by site and treatment shows that prairie dogs preferentially colonized both mow and burn treatments compared to untreated areas at the periphery of the colonies. Directional analysis showed a significant posttreatment orientation of new burrows toward the treatment plots for all colonies. Our results show that the direction of expansion of prairie dog colonies can be manipulated. Effective control of the expansion of prairie dog colonies may lead to more successful reintroductions.
Waste Not, Want Not: The Need to Utilize Existing Artificial Structures for Habitat Improvement Along Urban Rivers
Authors: Francis Robert A. , Hoggart Simon P. G. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract Urban rivers have often experienced substantial engineering modification and consequently are highly degraded aquatic ecosystems with minimal riparian habitat. Habitat restoration and improvement efforts are needed within urban rivers to support ecological communities and increase ecosystem integrity. Most river restoration techniques are not feasible within large urban rivers, and so there is a need to develop novel methodologies. Artificial structures such as river walls can function as habitat for plant and invertebrate species in urban rivers, and in some cases can be more diverse than remnant habitat. Along the River Thames through central London, plant species richness was found to be significantly higher on river walls than intertidal foreshore, which represents the only remnant habitat for riparian species. Both this survey and other studies have suggested that the physical and environmental characteristics of river walls are likely to influence their capacity to function as ecological habitat, for example, walls composed of more complex construction materials (brick and boulders) being more diverse than simpler structures (concrete and sheet piling). The opportunity exists to use river walls and other artificial structures (e.g., jetties) to improve habitat along urban rivers by installing walls which are designed to be more complex, or by adding modifications to existing walls. Some trial modifications, such as the addition of wall ledges and timber fenders to sheet piling, have been installed at Deptford Creek along the River Thames, and have so far greatly supported the colonization and development of plant communities. The restoration possibilities of such modifications should be considered, and further development and rigorous testing of installations is required in urban rivers to make sound restoration recommendations.
Effects of arc3, arc5 and arc6 Mutations on Plastid Morphology and Stromule Formation in Green and Nongreen Tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana†
Authors: Holzinger Andreas , Kwok Ernest Y. , Hanson Maureen R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMutations in the ARC3, ARC5 and ARC6 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana affect chloroplast division. We investigated whether ARC3, ARC5 and ARC6 are also involved in determining plastid morphology in nongreen tissues, where stromules, stroma‐filled tubular extensions of the plastid envelope membrane, are more abundant than in mesophyll cells. Using plastid‐targeted green fluorescent protein to observe plastids throughout the organs of these mutants, we have discovered a number of new mutant phenotypes. The size of arc3 plastids was heterogeneous in various tissues. arc5 plastids appeared wild‐type in the majority of nongreen tissues examined. However, in cells of stamen filaments, the arc5 mutant showed an increase in the frequency of stromules. Increased stromule frequency was observed for a number of organs in the arc6 mutant. Some arc6 cells contained heterogeneous mixtures of plastids; epidermal cells of hypocotyls, stamen filaments and the bases of petals possessed both very large chloroplasts as well as much smaller nongreen plastids. Quantitative analysis in hypocotyl cells revealed that the alteration in stromule length in arc3 and arc6 mutants occurred despite wild‐type plastid densities. Thus, in hypocotyls, the effects of the arc3 and arc6 mutations on stromule length and frequency are independent of changes in plastid division. Although electron micrographs of stromules emanating from chloroplasts have rarely been reported, within the arc3 mutant, narrow, 40–50 nm diameter, recoiled stromules could be followed for about 10 μm in electron micrographs of leaf tissue.
Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the New Zealand black stilt (Himantopus novaezelandiae) and cross‐amplification in the pied stilt (Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus)
Authors: STEEVES TAMMY E. , HALE MARIE L. , GEMMELL NEIL J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEight polymorphic microsatellite primer pairs were developed for the critically endangered New Zealand black stilt, Himantopus novaezelandiae, representing the first microsatellite markers available for birds in the family Recurvirostridae. The number of alleles ranged from two to four per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.30 to 0.80 and from 0.37 to 0.70, respectively. All eight loci were polymorphic in the related species Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus, indicating these primer pairs may be useful for additional taxa in the globally distributed genus Himantopus.
Microsatellite markers for the fungal banana pathogens Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Mycosphaerella musicola and Mycosphaerella eumusae
Authors: ZAPATER M‐F. , DUCHEMIN M. , DUSSART J‐F. , COSTE D. , BROTTIER P. , CARLIER J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe developed a total of 50 microsatellite markers for the three fungal pathogens causing the most important leaf spot diseases of banana: 32 loci for Mycosphaerella fijiensis are presented, and nine loci each for Mycosphaerella musicola and Mycosphaerella eumusae. All these loci were polymorphic within each species on a sample of isolates collected from various locations around the world. Within M. fijiensis and M. musicola, most of the loci tested (> 80%) in a sample of isolates from a single location in Cameroon were also polymorphic. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction systems were developed with 15 loci for M. fijiensis.
Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci for Allobates femoralis, an Amazonian dendrobatoid frog
Authors: JEHLE R. , GASSER H. , PFUNDER M. , AMÉZQUITA A. , LIMA A. P. , HÖDL W. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWithin the anuran amphibians, dendrobatoids (poison‐arrow frogs) are renowned for their parental care, but the lack of highly variable DNA markers so far precluded precise and comprehensive measurements of their genetic mating system. Here we present 10 polymorphic microsatellites for Allobates femoralis, a widespread dendrobatoid from the Amazon basin. In 24 field‐collected individuals, we found between seven and 15 alleles per locus, without deviations from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium or linkage disequilibrium. The loci will be employed to quantify reproductive success in view of male territoriality and female mate choice, as well as to determine the fine‐scale genetic structure of local populations.
Endoscopic thermal ablation therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi‐center study
Authors: Sakaguchi Hiroki , Seki Shuichi , Tsuji Kunihiko , Teramoto Kenichi , Suzuki Masatoshi , Kioka Kiyohide , Isoda Norio , Ido Kenichi ,   The Japan Society for Laparoscopic Therapy Research
Published: August 2008

Aim:  The differing efficacies of radiofrequency ablation and microwave coagulation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unknown. Therefore, we performed a multi‐center study to assess the factors contributing to survival and local recurrences of HCC among patients with solitary tumors who underwent endoscopic thermal ablation as their primary treatment.Methods:  From six institutions, 391 patients with solitary HCC who were first treated by endoscopic thermal ablation were enrolled in this study and assessed retrospectively. We investigated age, gender, location of tumor, longest diameter of tumor, method of anesthesia, type of endoscope, method of thermal ablation, Child–Pugh classification, the Japan Integrated Staging score and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score. Statistical analyses were performed using univariate analysis with log–rank test and multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model.Results:  On univariate analysis, advanced Child–Pugh score, advanced Italian Program score and local recurrences were significant predictors of poor survival. Young age (≤70), large tumor (>30 mm) and the use of the thoracoscopic approach were significant predictors for the development of local recurrence. On multivariate analysis, local anesthesia and advanced Child–Pugh score were independent predictors of poor survival. Young age, large tumor, local anesthesia and the use of the thoracoscopic approach were independent predictors for the development of local recurrence. The method of thermal ablation did not influence survival or local recurrence.Conclusions:  Differences in the effect on survival and local recurrence between microwave and radiofrequency were not observed in this retrospective, multi‐center study of endoscopic thermal ablation for HCC.
What are the features of an expert haematological microscopist?
Authors: Galvani D 
Published: August 2008

Aims:To determine what skills make a good consultant haematological microscopist; to explore how these skills develop during training and to determine whether these skills are maintained following training.Methods:Twenty consultant haematologists underwent a semistructured interview to explore these issues. The interviews were transcribed and analysed for common themes using the N-vivo analytic package. This provides rich subjective qualitative data as opposed to hard objective quantitative data.Results:Experience, methodicity and interest were the commonest skills mentioned. However, 25% of interviewees admitted they no longer followed a format when reporting. Interviewees agreed they had passed from a hypothetico-deductive to a scheme-inductive diagnostic reasoning model during acquisition of expertise. Only 20% had undertaken refresher training since becoming consultants, but the majority undertake some peer review of their work.Conclusions:These skills could form the basis of vocational and revalidation assessments in the practice of haematological microscopy. The elucidation of such skill development can help refine standards and remedial training through the process of “deliberate practice.” Finally, the low uptake of refresher courses for established consultants needs serious consideration.
Failure of first-line eradication treatment significantly increases prevalence of antimicrobial-resistantHelicobacter pyloriclinical isolates
Authors: Romano M , Iovene M R , Russo M I , Rocco A , Salerno R , Cozzolino D , Pilloni A P , Tufano M A , Vaira D , Nardone G 
Published: August 2008

Objectives:Helicobacter pyloriinfection is a major health problem worldwide, and effective eradication of the infection is mandatory. The efficacy of recommended eradication regimens is approximately 70%. To avoid treatment failure and the consequent development of secondary resistance(s), it is important to choose the most appropriate first-line treatment regimen. This choice should also be made based on the knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance peculiar to a given geographical area. We evaluated the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistantH pyloristrains isolated from naive patients and from patients with previous unsuccessful treatments.Methods:This study examined 109H pylori-infected subjects (Group 1) who had never received an eradication treatment and 104H pylori-infected subjects (Group 2) who had failed one or more eradication treatments. Resistance to amoxicillin (AMO), tetracycline (TET), clarithromycin (CLA), metronidazole (MET) and levofloxacin (LEV) was determined using the epsilometer test. The significance of differences was evaluated by the χ2 test.Results:The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 0% versus 3.1% to AMO, 0% versus 2% to TET, 27% versus 41.3% to MET (p<0.05), 18% versus 45.8% to CLA (p<0.05) and 3% versus 14.6% to LEV (p<0.05) in Group 1 vs Group 2, respectively. In Group 2, there was an increased prevalence ofH pyloristrains resistant to multiple antimicrobials.Conclusions:This study confirms the high prevalence ofH pyloristrains resistant to CLA and MET, and indicates that unsuccessful treatments significantly increase resistance. Choosing eradication regimens other than standard triple therapy as a first-line therapy should be advisable in areas with high primary antimicrobial resistance prevalence.
Genetic research on rare familial disorders: consent and the blurred boundaries between clinical service and research
Authors: Ponder M , Statham H , Hallowell N , Moon J A , Richards M , Raymond F L 
Published: August 2008

Objectives:To study the consent process experienced by participants who are enrolled in a molecular genetic research study that aims to find new genetic mutations responsible for an apparently inherited disorder.Design:Semi-structured interviews and analysis/description of main themes.Participants:78 members of 52 families who had been recruited to a molecular genetic study.Results:People were well informed about the goals, risks and benefits of the genetic research study but could not remember the consent process. They had mostly been recruited to take part by trusted clinicians or their relatives but had little memory of, or concern about signing consent forms. Families appeared to regard the research as a continuation of their, or their relatives’, clinical care.Conclusions:Ethical review should be more flexible in its attitude to consent forms and written information sheets for some sorts of research. For rare genetic disease studies where research has been discussed fully within the clinical setting then the consent obtained at that time could suffice rather than needing extra consent at a later stage. However, clinician-researchers will need to ensure that their duty of care extends for the duration of the research and beyond.