bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription–PCR Study of the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Splice Variants and VEGF Receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zygalaki Eleni , Tsaroucha Emily G , Kaklamanis Loukas , Lianidou Evi S 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator of angiogenesis and its expression is increased in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to determine the expression pattern of VEGF splice variants in NSCLC and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of tumors.Methods: We used real-time reverse transcription PCR to quantify the mRNA expression of total VEGF, 4 VEGF splice variants (VEGF121, VEGF165, VEGF183, and VEGF189), and 2 VEGF receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) in 27 pairs of cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues originating from patients with NSCLC.Results: Total VEGF, VEGF121, and VEGF165 were expressed in all specimens, whereas VEGF183 and VEGF189 were present in small amounts in certain samples. Total VEGF, VEGF121, and VEGF165 mRNA was upregulated in cancerous compared with healthy tissues, whereas VEGF183 and VEGF189 expression tended to be higher in healthy tissues. The expression of VEGFRs was similar between matched specimens. No correlation was found between the expression of total VEGF or VEGF splice variants and the clinicopathological characteristics of tumors. The expression patterns of VEGF splice variants differed between tissue pairs. VEGF121 was the major variant expressed in all samples; however, its relative expression was higher in cancerous tissues. The relative expression of VEGF183 and VEGF189 was upregulated in healthy lung tissues, whereas the ratio of VEGF165 to total VEGF was similar between matched specimens.Conclusions: The expression pattern of certain VEGF splice variants is altered during tumorigenesis. Our data support the hypothesis that during malignant progression an angiogenic switch favoring the shorter diffusible isoforms occurs.
An Association Between RRM1 Haplotype and Gemcitabine-Induced Neutropenia in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Rha Sun Young , Jeung Hei Cheul , Choi Yeon Ho , Yang Woo Ick , Yoo Jin Ho , Kim Byung Soo , Roh Jae Kyung , Chung Hyun Cheol 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Purpose.
We examined the pattern of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of gemcitabine metabolism-related and target genes in breast cancer patients and evaluated their association with drug response or toxicity.

Patients and Methods.
SNPs in deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase (DCTD), and ribonucleotide reductase M1 polypeptide (RRM1) were analyzed with genomic DNA of 10 breast cancer cell lines, 74 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from advanced breast cancer patients treated with gemcitabine, and 56 PBMC samples from healthy volunteers.

Results.
The incidences of SNPs of breast cancer patients were 1.4% in dCK (626 A&gt;G), 10.8% in DCTD (315 T&gt;C), 40.5% in the first RRM1 (1082 C&gt;A), 44.6% in the second RRM1 (2455 A&gt;G), 44.6% in the third RRM1 (2464 G&gt;A), and 23% in two RRM1 sites (2455 A&gt;G and 2464 G&gt;A) that were similar to those of the normal control group. We found a double SNP of RRM1 (2455 A&gt;G and 2464 G&gt;A) to be the novel haplotype that was associated with a lower frequency of chemotherapy-induced toxicity, such as neutropenia (p &lt; .01) and G-CSF requirement (p &lt; .005).

Conclusion.
RRM1 haplotype showed an association with susceptibility to gemcitabine monotherapy in breast cancer patients.
The $5 Man: The Underground Economic Response to a Large Cigarette Tax Increase in New York City
Authors: Shelley Donna , Cantrell M. Jennifer , Moon-Howard Joyce , Ramjohn Destiny Q. , VanDevanter Nancy 
Published: June 2007

Objectives. We examined the mechanisms by which living in a disadvantaged minority community influences smoking and illegal cigarette sale and purchasing behaviors after a large cigarette tax increase.Methods. Data were collected from 14 focus groups (n=104) that were conducted during the spring of 2003 among Blacks aged 18 years and older living in New York City.Results. A large tax increase led to what focus group participants described as a pervasive illegal cigarette market in a low-income minority community. Perceived pro-smoking community norms, a stressful social and economic environment, and the availability of illegal cigarettes worked together to reinforce smoking and undermine cessation.Conclusions. Although interest in quitting was high, bootleggers created an environment in which reduced-price cigarettes were easier to access than cessation services. This activity continues to undermine the public health goals of the tax increase.
Attempts to Undermine Tobacco Control
Authors: Sebrié Ernesto M. , Glantz Stanton A. 
Published: June 2007

We sought to understand how the tobacco industry uses “youth smoking prevention” programs in Latin America. We analyzed tobacco industry documents, so-called “social reports,” media reports, and material provided by Latin American public health advocates. Since the early 1990s, multinational tobacco companies have promoted “youth smoking prevention” programs as part of their “Corporate Social Responsibility” campaigns. The companies also partnered with third-party allies in Latin America, most notably nonprofit educational organizations and education and health ministries. Even though there is no evidence that these programs reduce smoking among youths, they have met the industry’s goal of portraying the companies as concerned corporate citizens and undermining effective tobacco control interventions that are required by the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
The Rise and Fall of Tobacco Control Media Campaigns, 1967–2006
Authors: Ibrahim Jennifer K. , Glantz Stanton A. 
Published: June 2007

Extensive research has demonstrated that public education through media campaigns is an effective means to reduce smoking prevalence and tobacco consumption. Aggressive media campaigns that confront the tobacco industry’s deceptive practices are most effective and are therefore a prime target for attack. The tobacco industry has attacked public tobacco control media campaigns since 1967, when the first public tobacco control media advertisements ran. Through studying tobacco control media campaigns in Arizona, California, Florida, Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Oregon, and of the American Legacy Foundation, we identified industry strategies to prevent a campaign’s creation, limit the target audience and the content of the messages, limit or eliminate the campaign’s funding, and pursue litigation against the campaigns. Tobacco control advocates must learn from the past and continue to confront the tobacco industry and its third-party allies to defend antitobacco media campaigns or, despite evidence of their effectiveness, they will be eliminated.
A Closer Look at Smoking Among Young Adults: Where Tobacco Control Should Focus Its Attention
Authors: Green Molly P. , McCausland Kristen L. , Xiao Haijun , Duke Jennifer C. , Vallone Donna M. , Healton Cheryl G. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives. We sought to fill gaps in knowledge of smoking behaviors among college-educated and non–college-educated young adults. Methods. We used data from the 2003 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey to analyze smoking behaviors among young adults aged 18–24 years and older young adults aged 25–34 years by college status (enrolled, or with a degree, but not enrolled) and other measures of socioeconomic position. Results. Current smoking prevalence among US young adults aged 18–24 years who are not enrolled in college or who do not have a college degree was 30%. This was more than twice the current smoking prevalence among college-educated young adults (14%). Non–college-educated young adults were more likely than were college-educated young adults to start smoking at a younger age and were less likely to have made a quit attempt, although no differences were found in their intentions to quit. Higher rates of smoking in the non–college-educated population were also evident in the slightly older age group. Conclusions. Non–college-educated young adults smoke at more than twice the rate of their college-educated counterparts. Targeted prevention and cessation efforts are needed for non–college-educated young adults to prevent excess morbidity and mortality in later years.
Differences in Donor Heart Acceptance by Race and Gender of Patients on the Transplant Waiting List
Authors: Breathett Khadijah , Knapp Shannon M. , Lewsey Sabra C. , Mohammed Selma F. , Mazimba Sula , Dunlay Shannon M. , Hicks Albert , Ilonze Onyedika J. , Morris Alanna A. , Tedford Ryan J. , Colvin Monica M. , Daly Richard C. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceBarriers to heart transplant must be overcome prior to listing. It is unclear why Black men and women remain less likely to receive a heart transplant after listing than White men and women.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether race or gender of a heart transplant candidate (ie, patient on the transplant waiting list) is associated with the probability of a donor heart being accepted by the transplant center team with each offer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used the United Network for Organ Sharing datasets to identify organ acceptance with each offer for US non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) and non-Hispanic White (hereafter, White) adults listed for heart transplant from October 18, 2018, through March 31, 2023.ExposuresBlack or White race and gender (men, women) of a heart transplant candidate.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was heart offer acceptance by the transplant center team. The number of offers to acceptance was assessed using discrete time-to-event analyses, nonparametrically (stratified by race and gender) and parametrically. The hazard probability of offer acceptance for each offer was modeled using generalized linear mixed models adjusted for candidate-, donor-, and offer-level variables.ResultsAmong 159 177 heart offers with 13 760 donors, there were 14 890 candidates listed for heart transplant; 30.9% were Black, 69.1% were White, 73.6% were men, and 26.4% were women. The cumulative incidence of offer acceptance was highest for White women followed by Black women, White men, and Black men (P &amp;lt; .001). Odds of acceptance were less for Black candidates than for White candidates for the first offer (odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69-0.84) through the 16th offer. Odds of acceptance were higher for women than for men for the first offer (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.39-1.68) through the sixth offer and were lower for the 10th through 31st offers.Conclusions and RelevanceThe cumulative incidence of heart offer acceptance by a transplant center team was consistently lower for Black candidates than for White candidates of the same gender and higher for women than for men. These disparities persisted after adjusting for candidate-, donor-, and offer-level variables, possibly suggesting racial and gender bias in the decision-making process. Further investigation of site-level decision-making may reveal strategies for equitable donor heart acceptance.
Gut‐Derived Exosomes Mediate the Microbiota Dysbiosis‐Induced Spermatogenesis Impairment by Targeting Meioc in Mice
Authors: Chen Tong , Zhang Boqi , He Guitian , Wang Nan , Cao Maosheng , Shen Caomeihui , Chen Xue , Chen Lu , Liu Kening , Luo Yuxin , huang Yiqiu , Yuan Chenfeng , Zhou Xu , Li Chunjin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiseases like obesity and intestinal inflammation diseases are accompanied by dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (DSGM), which leads to various complications, including systemic metabolic disorders. DSGM reportedly impairs the fertility of male mice; however, the regulatory mechanism is unclear. Exosomes are molecular mediators of intercellular communication, but the regulation of spermatogenesis by non‐reproductive tissue‐originated exosomes remains unknown. The present study shows that DSGM altered the miRNA expression profile of mouse circulating exosomes and impaired spermatogenesis. Moreover, the single‐cell sequencing results indicate that circulating exosomes from mice with DSGM impaired spermatogenesis, while circulating exosomes from wild mice improved spermatogenesis by promoting meiosis. Further study demonstrates that DSGM leads to abnormal upregulation of miR‐211‐5p in gut‐derived circulating exosomes, which inhibited the expression of meiosis‐specific with coiled‐coil domain (Meioc) in the testes and impaired spermatogenesis by disturbing meiosis process. In summary, this study defines the important role of gut‐derived exosomes in connecting the “gut‐testis” axis.
Does fall manure injection cause differential growth and forage nutritive value in small grains?
Authors: Hilfiker Derek R. , Maguire Rory O. , Ferreira Gonzalo , Thomason Wade E. , Stewart Ryan D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProducers utilizing fall manure injection have reported increased growth and greenness in small grains growing on the injection band compared to small grains growing between injection bands. To determine how producers utilizing fall manure injection in small grains should manage potential differential growth, 24 sites under fall manure injection were established. Soil samples were taken in‐band and between‐band 1 month after manure application and at silage harvest for soil NO3‐N. Small grain growth stage was assessed 1 month after planting and at silage harvest, while dry matter (DM) yield and forage nutritive value parameters were assessed at silage harvest. Soil NO3‐N was elevated in‐band compared to between‐band 1 month after manure application (p < 0.05); however, this did not persist until silage harvest. No differences in growth stage were observed 1 month after planting in 2021; however, growth stage means were consistently elevated in‐band in 2022, likely due to earlier planting dates in 2022 compared to 2021. Growth stage at harvest was the same in‐band and between‐band at each site. Small grain DM yield was only increased in‐band compared to between‐band in three of 24 sites. Two of the three sites planted with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) showed significantly increased DM yield in‐band, suggesting DM yield response could be species dependent. No consistent differences in forage nutritive value parameters were observed. As no consistent differences in small grain DM yield and forage nutritive value were found at harvest, we recommend no changes to management practices for producers utilizing fall manure injection in small grains.
Detection of plagiarism among rhinology scientific journals
Authors: Benaim Ezer H. , Wase Saima , Zaidi Saif , Monk Aurelia , Klatt‐Cromwell Cristine , Thorp Brian D. , Ebert Charles S. , Kimple Adam J. , Senior Brent A. 
Published: March 2024

Key points
Automated plagiarism‐checking software can be a valuable tool for detecting plagiarism in manuscripts.
Twenty‐five of 60 articles (42%) had at least one incidence of plagiarism, predominately text recycling.
A “similarity score” ranging from 22% to 35% could be a potential cut‐off value when screening submitted manuscripts.
Rational Design of an In‐Situ Polymer‐Inorganic Hybrid Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Realising Stable Zn Metal Anode under Harsh Conditions
Authors: Chen Ruwei , Zhang Wei , Guan Chaohong , Zhou Yundong , Gilmore Ian , Tang Hao , Zhang Zhenyu , Dong Haobo , Dai Yuhang , Du Zijuan , Gao Xuan , Zong Wei , Xu Yewei , Jiang Peie , Liu Jiyang , Zhao Fangjia , Li Jianwei , Wang Xiaohui , He Guanjie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe in‐depth understanding of the composition‐property‐performance relationship of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is the basis of developing a reliable SEI to stablize the Zn anode‐electrolyte interface, but it remains unclear in rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries. Herein, a well‐designed electrolyte based on 2 M Zn(CF3SO3)2‐0.2 M acrylamide‐0.2 M ZnSO4 is proposed. A robust polymer (polyacrylamide)‐inorganic (Zn4SO4(OH)6.xH2O) hybrid SEI is in situ constructed on Zn anodes through controllable polymerization of acrylamide and coprecipitation of SO42− with Zn2+ and OH−. For the first time, the underlying SEI composition‐property‐performance relationship is systematically investigated and correlated. The results showed that the polymer‐inorganic hybrid SEI, which integrates the high modulus of the inorganic component with the high toughness of the polymer ingredient, can realize high reversibility and long‐term interfacial stability, even under ultrahigh areal current density and capacity (30 mA cm−2~30 mAh cm−2). The resultant Zn||NH4V4O10 cell also exhibits excellent cycling stability. This work will provide a guidance for the rational design of SEI layers in rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Completely Non‐Fused Low‐Cost Acceptor Enables Organic Photovoltaic Cells with 17 % Efficiency
Authors: Yang Ni , Cui Yong , Xiao Yang , Chen Zhihao , Zhang Tao , Yu Yue , Ren Junzhen , Wang Wenxuan , Ma Lijiao , Hou Jianhui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo meet the industrial requirements of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, it is imperative to accelerate the development of cost‐effective materials. Thiophene‐benzene‐thiophene central unit‐based acceptors possess the advantage of low synthetic cost, while their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is relatively low. Here, by incorporating a para‐substituted benzene unit and 1st‐position branched alkoxy chains with large steric hindrance, a completely non‐fused non‐fullerene acceptor, TBT‐26, was designed and synthesized. The narrow band gap of 1.38 eV ensures the effective utilization of sunlight. The favorable phase separation morphology of TBT‐26‐based blend film facilitates the efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport in corresponding OPV cell. Therefore, the TBT‐26‐based small‐area cell achieves an impressive PCE of 17.0 %, which is the highest value of completely non‐fused OPV cells. Additionally, we successfully demonstrated the scalability of this design by fabricating a 28.8 cm2 module with a high PCE of 14.3 %. Overall, our work provides a practical molecular design strategy for developing high‐performance and low‐cost acceptors, paving the way for industrial applications of OPV technology.
Mechanically Tunable Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Liquid Crystal‐Templated Chiral Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Li Lin , Chen Yuanhao , Valenzuela Cristian , Liu Yuan , Yang Yanzhao , Feng Yufan , Wang Ling , Feng Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEndowing perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) offers great promise for innovative chiroptical applications, but the existing strategies are inefficient in acquiring stimuli‐responsive flexible chiral perovskite films with large, tunable dissymmetry factor (glum) and long‐term stability. Here, we report a strategy for the design and synthesis of luminescent cholesteric liquid crystal elastomer (Lumin‐CLCE) films with mechanically tunable CPL, which is enabled by liquid crystal‐templated chiral self‐assembly and in situ covalent cross‐linking of judiciously designed photopolymerizable CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) PQD nanomonomers into the elastic polymer networks. The resulting Lumin‐CLCE films showcase circularly polarized structural color in natural light and noticeable CPL with a maximum glum value of up to 1.5 under UV light. The manipulation of CPL intensity and rotation direction is achieved by controlling the self‐assembled helicoidal nanostructure and the handedness of soft helices. A significant breakthrough lies in the achievement of a reversible, mechanically tunable perovskite‐based CPL switch activated by biaxial stretching, which enables flexible, dynamic anti‐counterfeiting labels capable of decrypting preset information in specific polarization states. This work can provide new insights for the development of advanced chiral perovskite materials and their emerging applications in information encryption, flexible 3D displays, and beyond.
Manifestations of the ethics of hospitality at children's hospitality centres in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almutairi Abdullah , Alothman Hanadi Fahad , Aldossari Abdulaziz Salem , Alfaifi Mousa S. , Alshuaibi Abdulrahman A. , Aseery Ahmad Yahya , Aseri Safana , Bashatah Lina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEarly childhood education is an institutional introduction of children to the world, making it essential for policymakers, educators and society to find the best way to provide such an introduction. Following a new policy in Saudi Arabia, daycare centres have been renamed ‘hospitality centres’, bringing a set of duties and rights rooted deep in the ethics of hospitality. However, empirical research on nursery provision is generally lacking in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined the experiences of children and caregivers in two children's hospitality centres in the capital city of Riyadh. Through in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews and field observations, the authors observed and listened to the experiences of educators and children in two of the new hospitality centres. Open and focused coding of the interviews and structured observations helped to identify the way the ethics of hospitality manifested itself in the daily experiences of the caregivers/hosts and the children/guests. The results demonstrated the complexity of the situations in which the ethics of hospitality encountered reality.
Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with carcinoma of unknown primary from three tertiary centers in Australia
Authors: Boys Emma L. , Gao Bo , Grimison Peter , Sutherland Sarah , MacKenzie Karen L. , Reddel Roger R. , Liu Jia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCarcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) remains an important tumor entity and a disproportionate cause of cancer mortality. Little is known about the contemporary clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of CUP patients based on updated international classification guidelines. We evaluated a contemporary CUP cohort to provide insight into current clinical practice and the impact of tissue of origin assignment, site‐specific and empirical therapy in a real‐world setting.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of CUP patients, as defined by the updated European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2023 guidelines, across three tertiary referral centers in Australia between 2015 and 2022. We analyzed clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression proportional hazard model between favorable and unfavorable risk groups.ResultsWe identified a total of 123 CUP patients (n = 86 unfavorable, n = 37 favorable risk as per the 2023 ESMO guidelines). Sixty‐four patients (52%) were assigned a tissue of origin by the treating clinician. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 6.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.1–12.1) months and overall survival (OS) 10.2 (95% CI 6.0–18.5) months. Unfavorable risk (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9, p = 0.006), poor performance status (HR 2.8, p < 0.001), and non‐squamous histology (HR 2.5, p < 0.05) were associated with poor survival outcome. A total of 70 patients (57%) proceeded to systemic therapy. In patients with non‐squamous histology and unfavorable risk, site‐specific therapy compared to empirical chemotherapy did not improve outcome (median OS 8.2 vs. 11.8 months, p = 0.7).ConclusionsIn this real‐world cohort, CUP presentations were heterogenous. Overall survival and rates of systemic treatment were poor. Poor performance status and unfavorable risk were associated with worse survival. For most patients, site‐specific therapy did not improve survival outcome. Improved and timely access to diagnostic tests and therapeutics for this group of patients is urgently required.