bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful management of uterine arteriovenous malformation by ligation of feeding artery after unsuccessful uterine artery embolization
Authors: Yokomine Daisaku , Yoshinaga Mitsuhiro , Baba Yasutaka , Matsuo Takashi , Iguro Yoshifumi , Nakajo Masayuki , Douchi Tsutomu 
Published: September 2008

AbstractUterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare and potentially life‐threatening disease. The present report describes a postmenopausal patient with uterine AVM manifesting recurrent, massive genital bleeding. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) was scheduled before hysterectomy, but UAE was unsuccessful due to the dilated, tortuous internal iliac arteries, and extremely rapid arterial blood flow. Hysterectomy appeared to carry a potential risk of massive blood loss due to multiple dilated vessels around the uterine corpus and cervix. Therefore, six arteries feeding the uterus were surgically ligated. At 10 months after the operation there have been no episodes of atypical genital bleeding.
Detection of human papilloma virus subtypes 16 and P16ink4a in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the fallopian tube and concomitant squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix
Authors: Wang Zhiqin , Dong Jianli , Eyzaguirre Eduardo J. , Tang Wendell W. , Eltorky Mahmoud A. , Qiu Suimin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the fallopian tube is rare and often diagnosed postoperatively. Cervical cancer is considered as a long‐term sequaele, resulting from sexual transmitted infection with certain common high‐risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types. The role of human papilloma virus in the development of the tubal SCC is unknown. We report an unusual case of SCC of the fallopian tube, synchronously occurring with cervical SCC in situ in a 49‐year‐old patient. Histological examination of the entire endometrium revealed no involvement. Both tubal and cervical lesions showed the presence of high risk HPV 16 by PCR and increased expression of p16INK4a protein. Both SCC of the fallopian tube and cervical SCC in situ were positive for p63, while the non‐involved tubal epithelium was positive for WT‐1, but negative for p63. In conclusion, the concomitant occurrence of fallopian tube and cervical SCC can be explained by: (i) the ‘field effect’ of HPV infection resulting in the concomitant development of primary SCC in various sites of the female genital tract; (ii) the primary fallopian tube SSC metastasizing to the uterine cervix; or (iii) primary cervical SCC metastasizing to the fallopian tube. The detection of HPV 16 and p16INK4a in both the fallopian tube and cervical SCCs strengthens the hypothesis of the ‘field effect’ of HPV infection.
Maternity waiting homes in Southern Lao PDR: The unique ‘silk home’
Authors: Eckermann Elizabeth , Deodato Giovanni 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe concept of maternity waiting homes (MWH) has a long history spanning over 100 years. The research reported here was conducted in the Thateng District of Sekong Province in southern Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) to establish whether the MWH concept would be affordable, accessible, and most importantly acceptable, as a strategy to improve maternal outcomes in the remote communities of Thateng with a high proportion of the population from ethnic minority groups. The research suggested that there were major barriers to minority ethnic groups using existing maternal health services (reflected in very low usage of trained birth attendants and hospitals and clinics) in Thateng. Unless MWH are adapted to overcome these potential barriers, such initiatives will suffer the same fate as existing maternal facilities. Consequently, the Lao iteration of the concept, as operationalized in the Silk Homes project in southern Lao PDR is unique in combining maternal and infant health services with opportunities for micro credit and income generating activities and allowing non‐harmful traditional practices to co‐exist alongside modern medical protocols. These innovative approaches to the MWH concept address the major economic, social and cultural barriers to usage of safe birthing options in remote communities of southern Lao PDR.
Behavioural responses of the seven‐spot ladybird Coccinella septempunctata to plant headspace chemicals collected from four crop Brassicas and Arabidopsis thaliana, infested with Myzus persicae
Authors: Girling R. D. , Hassall M. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract1 Insects using olfactory stimuli to forage for prey/hosts are proposed to encounter a ‘reliability–detectability problem’, where the usability of a stimulus depends on its reliability as an indicator of herbivore presence and its detectability.2 We investigated this theory using the responses of female seven‐spot ladybirds Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to plant headspace chemicals collected from the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae and four commercially available Brassica cultivars; Brassica rapa L. cultivar ‘turnip purple top’, Brassica juncea L. cultivar ‘red giant mustard’, Brassica napus L. cultivar ‘Apex’, Brassica napus L. cultivar ‘Courage’ and Arabidopsis thaliana. For each cultivar/species, responses to plants that were undamaged, previously infested by M. persicae and infested with M. persicae, were investigated using dual‐choice Petri dish bioassays and circular arenas.3 There was no evidence that ladybirds responded to headspace chemicals from aphids alone. Ladybirds significantly preferred headspace chemicals from B. napus cv. Apex that were undamaged compared with those from plants infested with aphids. For the other four species/cultivars, there was a consistent trend of the predators being recorded more often in the half of the Petri dish containing plant headspace chemicals from previously damaged and infested plants compared with those from undamaged ones. Furthermore, the mean distance ladybirds walked to reach aphid‐infested A. thaliana was significantly shorter than to reach undamaged plants. These results suggest that aphid‐induced plant chemicals could act as an arrestment or possibly an attractant stimulus to C. septempunctata. However, it is also possible that C. septempunctata could have been responding to aphid products, such as honeydew, transferred to the previously damaged and infested plants.4 The results provide evidence to support the ‘reliability–detectability’ theory and suggest that the effectiveness of C. septempunctata as a natural enemy of aphids may be strongly affected by which species and cultivar of Brassica are being grown.
Attraction of ambrosia and bark beetles to coast live oaks infected by Phytophthora ramorum
Authors: McPherson Brice A. , Erbilgin Nadir , Wood David L. , Svihra Pavel , Storer Andrew J. , Standiford Richard B. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract1 Sudden oak death is caused by the apparently introduced oomycete, Phytophthora ramorum. We investigated the role of bark and ambrosia beetles in disease progression in coast live oaks Quercus agrifolia.2 In two Marin County, California sites, 80 trees were inoculated in July 2002 with P. ramorum and 40 were wounded without inoculation. Half of the trees in each group were sprayed with the insecticide permethrin [cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3‐(2,2‐dichloroethenyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐(3‐phenoxyphenyl) methyl ester] to prevent ambrosia and bark beetle attacks, and then were sprayed twice per year thereafter. After each treatment, sticky traps were placed on only the permethrin‐treated trees. Beetles were collected periodically in 2003.3 Inoculated trees accounted for 95% of all beetles trapped. The ambrosia beetles Monarthrum scutellare and Xyleborinus saxeseni and the western oak bark beetle Pseudopityophthorus pubipennis were the most abundant of the seven species trapped.4 Permethrin treatment delayed initiation of beetle attacks and significantly reduced the mean number of attacks per tree. Beetles did not attack any wounded or noncankered inoculated trees.5 Trees with larger cankers trapped more beetles early in the disease. Once permethrin lost effectiveness, the number of beetle entrance tunnels was a more reliable predictor of subsequent trap catch than was canker size.6 Beetles were initially attracted to P. ramorum cankers in response to kairomones generated in the host‐pathogen interaction. After beetles attacked the permethrin‐treated trees, aggregation pheromones most probably were the principal factor in beetle colonization behaviour.
Efficacy and mode of action of female‐equivalent dispensers of pheromone for mating disruption of codling moth
Authors: Stelinski L. L. , McGhee P. , Grieshop M. , Brunner J. , Gut L. J. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract1 We evaluated the efficacy and mode of action of commercially available female‐equivalent dispensers of pheromone for mating disruption of codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae).2 Scentry fibres, but not Hercon flakes, were consistently as or more effective than Isomate C Plus dispensers when applied by hand at 50 dispensers per tree.3 Individual Scentry fibres were slightly more attractive to male codling moth than Hercon flakes.4 Efficacy of aerially applied Scentry fibres was equivalent to that of Isomate dispensers in disrupting male codling moth in 4‐ha commercial apple plots.5 Initial deposition and retention of aerially applied fibres were inefficient with approximately 44% formulation loss at application, poor rainfastness and a gradual loss of dispensers from tree canopies after application.6 Male codling moths were captured in traps baited with lures containing 0.1 mg of pheromone and mated with tethered virgin females that were surrounded by eight fibres placed 30 cm away or 16 fibres placed 45 cm away in untreated plots and plots treated with a background of 50 Isomate dispensers per hectare.7 A plausible explanation for mating disruption of codling moth by female‐equivalent dispensers is competitive attraction without associated habituation and thus improving the effectiveness of these technologies will depend on maximizing the attractiveness of individual dispensers as well as the application density of dispensers per area of crop.
Evaluation of Fopius arisanus as a biological control agent for the olive fruit fly in California
Authors: Sime K. R. , Daane K. M. , Wang X. G. , Johnson M. W. , Messing R. H. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract1 The egg‐prepupal parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was evaluated in quarantine facilities as a potential biological control agent for the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in California, U.S.A.2 Nontarget testing of two weed biological control agents confirmed that F. arisanus will not attack Tephritidae that feed in inflorescences or galls. It may, however, pose risks to native Tephritidae that feed in fruit.3 Females preferentially oviposited in eggs, although first‐instar B. oleae were also attacked. Low lifetime reproductive potential and high rates of direct mortality inflicted on host eggs indicate that rearing on B. oleae may prove difficult.4 In multiparasitized B. oleae, F. arisanus prevailed in competition against two species of larval–pupal parasitoids, Diachasmimorpha kraussii and Psyttalia concolor (both Hymenoptera: Braconidae).5 The broad host‐range of F. arisanus with respect to fruit‐feeding Tephritidae may preclude its introduction to California, as may its low fecundity and its intrinsic competitive superiority over larva l–pupal parasitoids, which include specialists on B. oleae that are currently being introduced to California. High rates of direct mortality, however, point to potential uses in augmentative biological control. Whether or not F. arisanus is released in California, its biology as a parasitoid of B. oleae has been little studied to date and the results herein may be applied in other regions worldwide where B. oleae is a problem.
The enemy of my enemy is still my enemy: competitors add to predator load of a tree‐killing bark beetle
Authors: Boone Celia K. , Six Diana L. , Raffa Kenneth F. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract1 The mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae is a major tree‐killing bark beetle in North America. We evaluated how the subsequent arrival of a competing bark beetle Ips pini influences the arrival of predators and their impact on both species.2 The predators Temnochila chlorodia and Enoclerus sphegeus were strongly attracted to pheromones of D. ponderosae. By contrast, Enoclerus lecontei was mostly attracted to I. pini pheromones. The host compound myrcene synergized attraction of both D. ponderosae and E. sphegeus to the pheromone of D. ponderosae. However, it inhibited attraction of both I. pini and E. lecontei to I. pini’s pheromone.3 Dendroctonus ponderosae were more attracted to trees than logs treated with its pheromones, whereas I. pini were more attracted to logs than trees treated with its pheromones. Some 78% of T. chlorodia were captured at hosts baited with D. ponderosae pheromones, whereas 83% of E. lecontei were captured at hosts baited with I. pini pheromones. We characterized the sequence of arrival to live trees baited with pheromones of D. ponderosae as: D. ponderosae, T. chlorodia, E. sphegeus, I. pini, E. lecontei.4 Various combinations of I. pini and predators were added to logs colonized by D. ponderosae in the above sequence of arrival observed in live trees baited with D. ponderosae aggregation pheromones. Ips pini reduced D. ponderosae adult brood production. However, the combination of I. pini and E. lecontei did not raise D. ponderosae brood production above that observed with only I. pini present. Similarly, the combination of I. pini and T. chlorodia did not reduce D. ponderosae brood production below that observed with I. pini alone. By contrast, the combination of I. pini, T. chlorodia and E. lecontei caused more brood loss to D. ponderosae than I. pini alone.5 Enoclerus lecontei did not reduce brood production by T. chlorodia, whereas T. chlorodia substantially reduced brood production by E. lecontei.6 Secondary bark beetles that exploit the resource created by primary tree‐killing species exert negative effects through both competition and increased predator load. Implications to the population dynamics, ecology and evolution of tree‐killing bark beetles are discussed.
Evolution of an octahaem cytochrome c protein family that is key to aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidation by bacteria
Authors: Klotz Martin G. , Schmid Markus C. , Strous Marc , Op Den Camp Huub J. M. , Jetten Mike S. M. , Hooper Alan B. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe biogeochemical nitrogen cycle is mediated by many groups of microorganisms that harbour octahaem cytochromes c (OCC). In this study molecular evolutionary analyses and the conservation of predicted functional residues and secondary structure were employed to investigate the descent of OCC proteins related to hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) and hydrazine oxidoreductase (HZO) from pentahaem cytochrome c nitrite reductase (NrfA). An octahaem cytochrome cnitrite reductase (ONR) was shown to be a possible intermediate in the process. Analysis of genomic neighbourhoods of OCC protein‐encoding genes revealed adjacent conserved genes whose products, together with HAO, provide a path of electron transfer to quinone and constitute a functional catabolic module. The latter has evolved more than once under a variety of functional pressures on the catabolic lifestyles of their bacterial hosts. Structurally, the archetypical long helices in the large C‐terminal domain of the proteins as well as the distal axial ligands to most haems were highly conserved in NrfA and all descendents. Residues known to be involved in the nitrite reductase activity of NrfA including the ‘CxxCK’ motif at the catalytic haem, the substrate and Ca binding sites, and the nitrite and ammonium channels were conserved in the eight representatives of ONR. In the latter, a unique cysteine has been inserted above the active site. The 64 other OCC proteins differed from ONR by the absence of the ‘CxxCK’ motif, the channel residues and most of the Ca‐binding residues and the conserved presence of an ‘Asp–His’ pair inserted above the active site as well as the tyrosine that forms an intersubunit cross‐link to the catalytic haem of HAO. Our proposed scenario of evolution of OCC proteins in the HAO family from NrfA is supported by (i) homology based on sequence and structure, (ii) its wide distribution among bacterial taxa, (iii) the dedicated interaction with specific proteins, and it is (iv) congruent with geological history.
A temperature‐controlled amplicon system derived from Plum pox potyvirus
Authors: Dujovny Gabriela , Valli Adrián , Calvo María , García Juan Antonio 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe control of replication can facilitate a viral amplicon to reach high expression levels by enabling the virus to escape host defence mechanisms and reducing the deleterious effects of viral infection. We have developed a novel system to regulate amplicon expression by controlling the temperature of plant growth. Nicotiana benthamiana plants were transformed at two different temperatures with a cDNA copy of the Plum pox potyvirus genome harbouring the open reading frame 2 of Porcine circovirus 2 between the nuclear inclusion protein b and coat protein coding sequences. Although transformation at 27 °C mainly yielded nonexpressing amplicons, lines with a tight control of amplicon expression were obtained. Viral replication was not detected in these plants when germinated at 28 °C, but was observed when the plants were shifted to 20 °C. In lines transformed at 24 °C, although the amplicon was expressed at 28 °C, viral accumulation was low and caused only minor growing defects. Viral replication was enhanced in these plants by shifting the temperature to 20 °C; under such conditions, the amplicon reached higher and more persistent expression levels than in plants transformed at 27 °C. These results demonstrate the utility of temperature regulation to control viral amplicon expression.
Exploring the cost effectiveness of land conservation auctions and payment policies*
Authors: Connor Jeffery D. , Ward John R. , Bryan Brett 
Published: September 2008

This article evaluates the cost‐effectiveness of the Catchment Care Australian conservation auction. It provides evidence of auction cost effectiveness, and estimates cost savings from two discrete components: (i) the opportunity cost revelation incentive provided by the auction mechanism, and (ii) the improved environmental targeting capacity that results from development of a scientifically based environmental benefits assessment capacity. Results show that there are potentially very large returns associated with the latter component that have been overlooked in the literature.Additionally, transaction costs involved with administering the case study conservation auction and the prior non‐auction payment policy are compared. We find that the administration costs for the auction were greater than or equal to those associated with the prior policy. Estimates of relative cost effectiveness across policies are shown to be sensitive to the methods of comparison. In this case study, there is inelastic supply of the last units of environmental benefit. This inelasticity results in large estimated auction comparative cost advantage when the benefit metric is the estimated cost required to achieve auction aggregate environmental benefit. Estimated benefit of the auction is much less when measured as environmental benefits attainable with alternative payment policies subject to the auction budget constraint.
China's agriculture, smallholders and trade: driven by the livestock revolution?*
Authors: Rae Allan 
Published: September 2008

China's sustained rapid economic growth and development has contributed to the surge in consumption and production of livestock in that country termed the livestock revolution. Consumption trends are first reviewed, and changes in food consumption patterns include a marked shift away from grains and towards meats and dairy products. A question is to what extent this rapid increase in demand for livestock products is reflected in China's agri‐food trade statistics? While her agri‐food imports have dramatically increased since China's accession to the WTO, livestock products have not made a noticeable contribution, although the import of certain animal feedstuffs has. This implies China's continuing self‐sufficiency in most livestock products. The paper next considers developments in China's livestock farming sector and policies that have been contributing to these supply‐side developments. The paper concludes with an examination of issues that may be important to the future development of China's, and the world's, livestock situation; this includes future demand developments, and the question of whether future demand growth in China might be met with local production, imports of final product, and/or imports of feedstuffs.
A Latent Gaussian Model for Compositional Data with Zeros
Authors: Butler Adam , Glasbey Chris 
Published: September 2008

SummaryCompositional data record the relative proportions of different components within a mixture and arise frequently in many fields. Standard statistical techniques for the analysis of such data assume the absence of proportions which are genuinely zero. However, real data can contain a substantial number of zero values. We present a latent Gaussian model for the analysis of compositional data which contain zero values, which is based on assuming that the data arise from a (deterministic) Euclidean projection of a multivariate Gaussian random variable onto the unit simplex. We propose an iterative algorithm to simulate values from this model and apply the model to data on the proportions of fat, protein and carbohydrate in different groups of food products. Finally, evaluation of the likelihood involves the calculation of difficult integrals if the number of components is more than 3, so we present a hybrid Gibbs rejection sampling scheme that can be used to draw inferences about the parameters of the model when the number of components is arbitrarily large.
Design and Analysis of Clustered, Unmatched Resource Selection Studies
Authors: Clark Robert G. , Strevens Tanya C. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryStudies which measure animals’ positions over time are a vital tool in understanding the process of resource selection by animals. By comparing a sample of locations that are used by animals with a sample of available points, the types of locations that are preferred by animals can be analysed by using logistic regression. Random-effects logistic regression has been proposed to deal with the repeated measurements that are observed for each animal, but we find that this is not feasible in studies where the sample of available points cannot readily be matched to specific animals. Instead, we investigate the use of marginal logistic models with robust variance estimators, by using a study of Australian bush rats as a case-study. Simulation is used to check the properties of the approach and to explore alternative designs.
Analysis of Interval-Censored Data from Clustered Multistate Processes: Application to Joint Damage in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Sutradhar Rinku , Cook Richard J. 
Published: September 2008

Summary
A conditionally Markov multiplicative intensity model is described for the analysis of clustered progressive multistate processes under intermittent observation. The model is motivated by a long-term prospective study of patients with psoriatic arthritis with the aim of characterizing progression of joint damage via an irreversible four-state model. The model accommodates heterogeneity in transition rates between different individuals and correlation in transition rates within patients. To do this we introduce subject-specific multivariate random effects in which each component acts multiplicatively on a specific transition intensity. Through the association between the components of the random effect, correlations in transition intensities are accommodated. A Monte Carlo EM algorithm is developed for estimation, which features closed form expressions for estimators at each M-step.