bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The common marmoset as a novel preclinical transplant model: identification of new MHC class II DRB alleles and prediction of in vitro alloreactivity
Authors: Prasad S. , Humphreys I. , Kireta S. , Gilchrist R. B. , Bardy P. , Russ G. R. , Coates P. T. H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe difficulties with using nonhuman primate species such as rhesus macaques and baboons have led us to investigate the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as an alternative preclinical model for transplantation research. This requires reliable methods of detecting alloreactivity between donor and recipient pairs, particularly if colonies are inbred and share just a few common alleles for leucocyte antigens. We firstly identified marmoset major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II DRB genes (Caja‐DRB*W1201, Caja‐DRB1*03, Caja‐DRB*W16) using sequence‐based typing techniques. Genomic DNA (n= 49) was extracted from whole blood or spleen tissue. Exon 2 of target genes was amplified by PCR using primers specific for known marmoset alleles, and then sequenced using ABI PRISM® Big Dye Terminator technology and Assign sequence analysis software. DRB*W1201 was universally present. Eight DRB*W16 alleles and five DRB1*03 alleles were identified in this colony. We also identified two previously unreported DRB*W16 alleles, and confirmed inheritance of these alleles within several sibling groups. Subsequently, we investigated whether matching at MHC Class II DRB loci alone could predict alloreactivity, as assessed in vitro by two‐way mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs). Fully DRB‐matched, partially mismatched and fully mismatched animal pairs were prospectively chosen. MLR was performed using mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated from whole blood by density gradient separation. T‐cell proliferation after 5‐day culture was measured by 3H‐thymidine incorporation. Combined MNC from fully mismatched and partially mismatched animal pairs exhibited significant in vitro T‐cell proliferation above single cell controls (P < 0.01). MNC from fully DRB‐matched (but unrelated) animal pairs exhibited no proliferation compared with controls (P= 0.3). Using DRB genotyping, suitably alloreactive donor–recipient pairs may therefore be rapidly and accurately identified for use in further studies of cellular and solid organ transplantation.
Sequence‐based typing of HLA‐DQA1: comprehensive approach showed molecular heterogeneity
Authors: Voorter C. E. M. , Lee K. W. , Smillie D. , Tilanus M. G. J. , Van Den Berg‐Loonen E. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWithin the human leukocyte antigen‐DQA1 workshop project the level of molecular heterogeneity of the DQA1 gene was investigated. An improved sequence‐based typing protocol was used, enabling analysis of the complete coding sequence, comprising exons 1–4. The participating laboratories implemented the amplification and sequencing primers in their own sequence‐based typing approach. The method proved to be sufficiently robust to handle the differences in protocols. All reference samples used for validation were correctly typed for DQA1 by all participating laboratories. Three different populations with a total of 736 individuals were investigated: a population of Korean origin (n= 467), a British Caucasian (n= 114), and a Dutch Caucasian (n= 155) population. Sixteen of the known 28 DQA1 alleles were detected and six new alleles were identified. All novel alleles showed a nucleotide substitution outside exon 2. Comparison of the calculated allele frequencies revealed major differences between the Korean and the Caucasian populations but also between Dutch and British Caucasians. A tight association between DQA1 and DRB1/DQB1 alleles was observed in all three populations.
KIR genotyping by reverse sequence‐specific oligonucleotide methodology
Authors: Nong T. , Saito K. , Blair L. , Tarsitani C. , Lee J.‐H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecent studies suggest that killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) genotyping may be relevant to bone marrow/stem cell transplantation. The objective of this research was to develop a bead‐based reverse sequence‐specific oligonucleotide DNA hybridization assay for KIR genotyping using the Luminex® platform. The oligonucleotide probes were designed to recognize 14 currently known KIR genes and two pseudogenes, as well as null alleles. A unique probe design was used to allow detection of two cis‐polymorphic regions for typing of KIR2DS4, because the functioning alleles cannot readily be assigned by conventional probe detection systems. Assay performance was validated using DNA samples previously typed by the 13th International Histocompatibility Working Group with 100% concordant results.
Increased frequencies of activating natural killer receptors are associated with liver injury in individuals who do not eliminate hepatitis C virus
Authors: Paladino N. , Flores A. C. , Marcos C. Y. , Fainboim H. , Theiler G. , Arruvito L. , Williams F. , Middleton D. , Fainboim L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the role of killer immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genes in the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In patients who cleared the virus (HCV RNA−) we found a decrease of 2DL2 (P= 0.04), and 2DS2 (P= 0.014) accompanied by an increase of 2DS5 (P= 0.04). Those RNA+ patients with elevated levels of hepatic transaminases (HCV RNA+ elevated alanine aminotransferase) showed an increased frequency of 2DS3 (P= 0.018). Additionally, in cirrhotic patients we found an increased frequency of individuals having two copies of 3DS1 and HLA‐Bw4 (P= 0.016). We conclude that higher natural killer cytotoxicity might be associated with a worse progression of the HCV infection.
Immunogenetics of mycobacterial infections in the North Indian population
Authors: Singh M. , Balamurugan A. , Katoch K , Sharma S. K. , Mehra N. K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence highlight the genetic basis of risk to develop mycobacterial diseases. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR2 alleles (DRB1*1501 and DRB1*1502) have been found to be strongly associated with mycobacterial disease, especially the more severe forms such as lepromatous leprosy and multidrug‐resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. In this study, DNA‐based high‐resolution typing techniques of polymerase chain reaction–sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe were used to determine the distribution of HLA‐DR/DQ alleles in patients with leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis. Analysis of different DR2 subtypes based on valine/glycine dimorphism at codon β86 in pocket 1 of HLA‐DR showed an inverse relationship of DR2 alleles with V/G as the severity of disease increased both in leprosy and in pulmonary tuberculosis.
14th IHIWS MHC and Infection Study: summary and conclusions
Authors: Kaur G. , Singh M. , Mehra N. K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInternational collaborative efforts through histocompatibility workshops have helped greatly in collating useful data on interpopulation differences in genetic susceptibility to mycobacterial and viral infections. These are imperative in exploring the genetic basis of disease pathogenesis and host resistance. Because infectious diseases involve multigenic complex traits, several genetic variants contribute modifying effects on the disease but disease outcome depends on the net relative hazards of individual genetic loci taken together. Further because occurrence of genetic variants varies in a population‐specific manner, it becomes even more complicated to show genetic influences across populations. For this, large study cohorts representing different ethnicities are needed. Information thus gained could lead to the development of more effective vaccine design to combat or diminish the emergence of pathogenic multidrug resistant forms.
HLA expression and cancer – 14th IHIWS immunohistochemistry quality control exercise exchange results
Authors: Chew S. F. , Kanaan C. , Tait B. D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn immunohistochemistry (IH) quality control exercise was conducted as part of the 14th International HLA (human leukocyte antigen) and Immunogenetics Workshop (IHIWS) HLA Expression and Cancer component. Six laboratories participated and the exercises involved performing IH using three monoclonal antibodies (HC‐10, β2m and SI00) on three sequential paraffin‐embedded melanoma sections provided by one laboratory. High‐resolution digital photographs of five IH‐stained sections were also distributed for interpretation. While there was generally good agreement between laboratories, several differences in staining and interpretation of IH sections were identified and possible reasons given. Interpretation of the high‐resolution digital photographs showed a high level of concordance between laboratories. It is suggested that further exercises are conducted as part of future collaborative activities in order to further characterise areas of variability between IH performance and interpretation of results.
Corneal sensitivity and aqueous tear production in dogs undergoing evisceration with intraocular prosthesis placement
Authors: Blocker Tiffany , Hoffman Allison , Schaeffer David J. , Wallin Julia A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective To determine whether there is an association between evisceration with intraocular prosthesis placement via a dorsal scleral approach and decreased corneal sensitivity or aqueous tear production in dogs.Design Prospective study.Procedure Twenty‐one dogs scheduled to undergo unilateral evisceration with intraocular prosthesis, and with a normal normotensive contralateral eye, based on slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and applanation tonometry, were included in the study. Central corneal sensitivity was measured with a Cochet‐Bonnet esthesiometer prior to (week 0) and 2, 7, 14 and 28 weeks following surgery. Other pre‐ and postoperative data collected were Schirmer's tear test (STT I), Schirmer's tear test with topical anesthesia (STT II), corneal fluorescein retention, and intraocular pressure (IOP; postoperative control eye only). Axial globe length was determined for both eyes. Scleral incision length in the surgery eye was also recorded.Results Corneal sensitivity was significantly lower in eyes undergoing evisceration with intraocular prosthesis than in control eyes both preoperatively and postoperatively at all time points. There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative corneal sensitivity within the two groups. There was no significant difference in STT I or STT II‐values between control eyes and surgery eyes preoperatively. There was a significant difference between preoperative and 2‐week postoperative STT I in the surgery eye. There was a significant difference between the preoperative and 28‐week postoperative STT II in the surgery eye. The 28‐week postoperative STT I‐values differed significantly between control and surgery eyes. Corneal sensitivity tended to decrease with increased degree of buphthalmos or with increased scleral incision length, although neither relationship was statistically significant.Conclusions Eyes that have sustained chronically elevated intraocular pressure had decreased axial corneal sensitivity compared to normal eyes, which persisted even after intraocular pressure was reduced. The presence of buphthalmos appeared to be a factor in globes developing decreased corneal sensitivity. Evisceration via a dorsal scleral incision did not result in a significant further reduction in axial corneal sensitivity. A mild reduction in aqueous tear production occurred over time in globes following evisceration with intraocular prosthesis.
Circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure in cats
Authors: Del Sole María J. , Sande Pablo H. , Bernades José M. , Aba Marcelo A. , Rosenstein Ruth E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective To evaluate the rhythm of intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy domestic cats with no evidence of ocular disease and to analyze the influence of photoperiod, age, gender and ocular diseases on diurnal‐nocturnal variations of cat IOP.Animals All animals were Domestic Short‐haired cats; 30 were without systemic or ocular diseases, classified as follows: 12 male intact adult cats, five intact adult female, five adult spayed female, and eight male cats; the latter were less than 1 year of age. In addition, five adult cats with uveitis and three adult cats with secondary glaucoma were included.Procedure IOP was assessed with a Tono‐Pen XL at 3‐h intervals over a 24‐h period in 12 healthy adult male cats kept under a photoperiod of 12‐h light/12‐h darkness for 2 weeks. Eight animals from the same group were then kept under constant darkness for 48 h, and IOP was measured at 3‐h intervals for the following 24 h. In addition, IOP was assessed at 3 p.m. and 9 p.m. in five intact females, five spayed females, and in eight young cats, as well as in five adult cats with uveitis and three glaucomatous cats.Results Consistent, daily variations in IOP were observed in animals exposed to a light‐dark cycle, with maximal values during the night. In cats exposed to constant darkness, maximal values of IOP were observed at subjective night. Differences of IOP values between 3 p.m. and 9 p.m. (diurnal‐nocturnal variations) persisted in intact females, spayed females, and young animals, as well as in uveitic and glaucomatous eyes.Conclusions The present results indicate a daily rhythm of cat IOP, which appears to persist in constant darkness, suggesting some level of endogenous circadian control. In addition, daily variations of cat IOP seem to be independent of gender, age, or ocular diseases (particularly uveitis and glaucoma).
Grid keratotomy as a treatment for superficial nonhealing corneal ulcers in 10 horses
Authors: Brünott A. , Boevé M. H. , Velden M. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective  To describe the clinical symptoms of 10 cases of superficial nonhealing corneal ulcers in horses and to evaluate the results of grid keratotomy in these patients.Design  Retrospective study.Animals  Ten horses with superficial nonhealing corneal ulceration in one eye.Procedure  The signalment, history and clinical symptoms are reported of 10 patients with superficial nonhealing corneal ulcers during the period from August 2003 to February 2005. Grid keratotomy was performed in all cases. In addition, the surgical procedure of grid keratotomy and response to therapy are described.Results  Horses generally responded well to grid keratotomy (eight cases healed after one grid keratotomy and one horse healed after a second grid keratotomy; one case was not available for follow‐up). Only 2/10 had discomfort after treatment and only 2/9 had some degree of scarring after treatment. The healing time, which was known in seven cases, averaged 8.4 days (± SD 4).Conclusions and clinical relevance  Grid keratotomy is an appropriate option for treatment of superficial nonhealing corneal ulcers in horses. The procedure is simple to perform. It generally induces a rapid and uncomplicated healing of the cornea. Only in a limited number of cases does a small amount of scarring occur.
Assessment of the posterior segment of the cat eye by optical coherence tomography (OCT)
Authors: Gekeler Florian , Gmeiner Helmut , Völker Michael , Sachs Helmut , Messias Andre , Eule Corinna , Bartz‐Schmidt Karl Ulrich , Zrenner Eberhart , Shinoda Kei 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectives To assess the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for examining the cat ocular fundus, to provide normative data on retinal thickness in different fundus regions, and to demonstrate selected surgically induced vitreoretinal pathologies in the cat.Animal studied Forty‐five eyes of 28 healthy domestic cats and two eyes of domestic cats that had undergone subretinal implantation surgery for a visual prosthesis were examined.Procedures An optical coherence tomograph (Zeiss‐Humphrey) was used to examine the anesthetized animals. At least five vertical and five horizontal scans in regular distribution were recorded for each cat including (1) the peripapillary region, (2) the area centralis, and (3) the peripheral retina. Thickness was measured manually at five locations in each scan. Retinal thickness was compared in the three above‐mentioned fundus regions, between eyes and between vertical and horizontal scans. OCT was additionally performed in animals with retinal detachment and a subretinal visual prosthesis.Results OCT measurements required only minimal adjustments of human settings and yielded high quality images. In comparison to humans intraretinal layers were more difficult to differentiate. Retinal thickness was highest in the peripapillary region (245 ± 21 µm), followed by the peripheral retina (204 ± 11 µm) and the area centralis (182 ± 11 µm; allP < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between right and left eye or between vertical and horizontal scans. OCT demonstrated retinal detachment, an iatrogenic break and a subretinal prosthetic device in high detail.Conclusions Retinal thickness was measurable with high precision; values compare well to older histologic studies. OCT bears significant advantages over histology in enabling one to repeat measurements in living animals and thus allowing longitudinal studies. Various vitreoretinal pathologies common in feline eyes are detectable and quantifiable by OCT.
Effect of refrigerated storage temperature on the viability of probiotic micro‐organisms in yogurt
Authors: MORTAZAVIAN A M , EHSANI M R , MOUSAVI S M , REZAEI K , SOHRABVANDI S , REINHEIMER J A 
Published: April 2007

The effect of refrigerated storage temperature was studied at 2, 5 and 8°C on the viability of probiotics in ABY (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis BB‐12 and yogurt bacteria. Bulgaricus, i.e. Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus) probiotic yogurt. The study was carried out during a 20‐day refrigerated storage period to identify the best storage temperature(s). Also, the viability change of the probiotic micro‐organisms was analysed at 5‐day intervals throughout the refrigerated storage period. After 20 days, storage at 2°C resulted in the highest viability of L. acidophilus, whereas for Bifidobacterium lactis the highest viability was obtained when yogurt was stored at 8°C.
Viability of probiotic micro‐organisms (Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb‐12) in ice cream
Authors: MAGARIÑOS HAROLDO , SELAIVE SADE , COSTA MARCIA , FLORES MIRTZA , PIZARRO OLIVIA 
Published: April 2007

The purpose of this research was to determine the survival of two probiotic micro‐organisms in ice creams (4% fat). The micro‐organisms were Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb‐12. To meet this objective, an ice cream mixture was formulated and subjected to three treatments. Treatment 1 was inoculated with L. acidophilus, treatment 2 with B. lactis and the third treatment was inoculated with a mixture of both bacteria inoculated in 1 : 1 proportions. The inoculation was with 4% culture for each treatment. The final products were stored at −25°C for 60 days. The ice cream inoculated with L. acidophilus had a final concentration of 2 × 106 cfu/g and the survival rate was 87%. The treatment inoculated with B. lactis had a final concentration of 9 × 106 cfu/g, with a logarithmic decrease of 10%. When both micro‐organisms were inoculated together, the survival rate was 86%.
A study of the pH of individual milk samples
Authors: TSIOULPAS A , LEWIS M J , GRANDISON A S 
Published: April 2007

The pH of 285 milk samples was measured from early, middle and late stages of lactation. In total, 35 individual cows were used in this study. It was found that the average pH value for all individual samples analysed was 6.63 ± 0.08. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in mean pH between early, middle and late lactation. The overall data and that for early lactation displayed normal distributions.
Microbiological quality of shredded Cheddar cheese packaged in modified atmospheres
Authors: OYUGI EVONNE , BUYS ELNA M 
Published: April 2007

The microbiological quality of shredded Cheddar cheese packaged in different modified atmospheres with and without oxygen scavengers included in the packaging film was studied with the aim of determining how modified air packaging would affect the mould species present on shredded Cheddar cheese. The film with oxygen scavengers was more effective than the control film against mould growth, whereas the 73% CO2/27% N2atmosphere resulted in the cheese with the best microbiological qualities. The three modified atmospheres and the packaging film influenced the mycoflora of shredded Cheddar cheese as the mould species isolated initially differed, from those isolated at 16 weeks in the six treatments. This study demonstrated that O2scavengers were effective in controlling the growth of moulds on shredded Cheddar cheese.
Cyclooxygenase inhibition attenuates 3‐nitropropionic acid‐induced neurotoxicity in rats: possible antioxidant mechanisms
Authors: Kumar P. , Padi S.S.V. , Naidu P.S. , Kumar A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSystemic administration of 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP), a complex II inhibitor of the electron transport chain, causes motor and cognitive deficits that are associated with excitotoxicity and excessive free radical generation. Recently, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been implicated as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of various neurological disorders. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of COX inhibitors in 3‐NP‐induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats. Intraperitoneal administration of 3‐NP (20 mg/kg for 4 days) showed motor abnormalities and cognitive impairment in rats. Chronic treatment with naproxen (10 and 20 mg/kg) and valdecoxib (5 and 10 mg/kg) once daily for a period of 8 days beginning 4 days prior to 3‐NP administration significantly improved 3‐NP‐induced motor and cognitive impairment in rats. Biochemical analysis revealed that systemic 3‐NP administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels, depleted reduced glutathione levels and reduced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the brains of rats, whereas administration of naproxen, a nonselective COX inhibitor (10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) and valdecoxib, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor (5 and 10 mg/kg p.o.) significantly attenuated 3‐NP‐induced oxidative stress. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors also significantly restored the decreased SDH activity. The results of the present study clearly indicate that naproxen and valdecoxib showed protection against 3‐NP‐induced motor and cognitive impairment by decreasing oxidative stress.
SYMBIODINIUM MICROADRIATICUM FREUDENTHAL, S. GOREAUII SP. NOV., S. KAWAGUTII SP. NOV. AND S. PILOSUM SP. NOV.: GYMNODINIOID DINOFLAGELLATE SYMBIONTS OF MARINE INVERTEBRATES 1
Authors: Trench Robert K. , Blank Rudolf J. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT The use of several independent biochemical, physiological, morphological, and behavioral assays has resulted in the reassessment of the taxonomy of the gymnodinioid symbionts of marine invertebrates which belong to the genus Symbiodinuim Freudenthal (Dinophyceae). The formal description of the type species S. microadriaticum Freudenthal is augmented, and three new species are introduced; S. goreauii, symbiotic with the Caribbean sea anemone Ragactis lucida; S. kawagutii, harbored by the Hawaiian stony coral Montipora verrucosa; and S. pilosum, inhabiting the Caribbean zoanthid Zoanthus sociatus.
CHRYSOAMPHIPYXIS GEN. NOVA A NEW GENUS IN THE STYLOCOCCACEAE (CHRYSOPHYCEAE) 1
Authors: Nicholls K. H. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTChrysoamphipyxis Canadensis gen. Et sp. nov. a new loricate, shizopodial chrysophyte was discovered growing as an epiphyte on filamentous algae in an Ontario pond, Lorica structure includes some features of both Chrysoamphitrema and Chrysopyxis and it can be inferred that Chrysoamphipyxis occupics the same phylogenetic position in the stylococcaceae relative to Chrysoamphitrema and Porostylon as Chrysopyxis does to Lagynion and Stylococcus.