bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of infusion of adenosine triphosphatemagnesium chloride on cardiopulmonary and clinicopathologic variables, cytokine activity, and endothelin concentration in horses administered a low dose of endotoxin
Authors: Tetens Joanne , Moore Rustin M. , Hosgood Giselle L. , Eades Susan C. , Keowen Michael L. , Horohov David W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate systemic effects of IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2subsequent to infusion of a low dose of endotoxin in horses.Animals—12 adult horses.Procedure—Horses were administered endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, IV, during a 30-minute period. Immediately thereafter, horses in each group were infused IV with ATP-MgCl2or saline solution. Two weeks later, horses were administered the opposite solution (LPS or saline solution), but it was followed by the same infusion as 2 weeks previously (ie, ATP-MgCl2or saline solution). Cardiopulmonary and clinicopathologic variables, cytokine activity, and endothelin (ET) concentrations were recorded.Results—IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2after administration of a low dose of endotoxin failed to attenuate the cardiopulmonary, clinicopathologic, and cytokine alterations that develop secondary to endotoxin exposure. The combination of LPS and ATP-MgCl2potentiated pulmonary hypertension, leukopenia, and neutropenia when compared with the combination of LPS and saline solution. The combination of LPS and ATP-MgCl2resulted in thrombocytopenia. Endothelin concentration was increased in jugular venous and pulmonary arterial plasma in horses receiving LPS and ATP-MgCl2. Similar increases were not observed with LPS and saline solution.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of ATP-MgCl2did not protect horses from systemic effects of experimentally induced endotoxemia. Furthermore, the use of ATP-MgCl2during endotoxemia may worsen the cardiopulmonary and clinicopathologic status of affected horses. Because ATP and other adenine nucleotides are released from cells during shock, their potential role in the development of hemodynamic derangements, leukocyte adherence, and coagulopathies during endotoxemic episodes warrants further investigation. (Am J Vet Res2004;65: 225–237)
Blood pressure assessment in healthy cats and cats with hypertensive retinopathy
Authors: Sansom Jane , Rogers Katherine , Wood James L. N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether there was an association between hypertensive retinopathy and high systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures in cats.Animals—181 cats.Procedure—Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were measured by use of a noninvasive oscillometric technique. The range of blood pressure measurements in healthy cats from various age groups was determined. Associations among systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure; hypertensive retinopathy; hyperthyroidism; left ventricular cardiac hypertrophy; chronic renal failure; and serum biochemical abnormalities were determined.Results—All blood pressure measurements increased with age in healthy cats. The frequency of hypertensive retinopathy also increased with age and with blood pressure, and hypertensive retinopathy was particularly found in cats with systolic blood pressures > 168 mm Hg. There was an increased risk for hypertensive retinopathy in cats that were female, > 10 years old, and neutered. The risk of chronic renal failure also increased as blood pressure, particularly systolic blood pressure, increased.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hypertensive retinopathy was common in cats ≥ 10 years of age and was associated with systolic blood pressures > 168 mm Hg when measured by the noninvasive oscillometric technique. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:245–252)
Effects of injection of botulinum toxin type B into the external anal sphincter on anal pressure of horses
Authors: Adam-Castrillo David , White II Nathaniel A , Donaldson Lydia L. , Furr Martin O. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine effects on anal pressure of
horses after local injection of the external anal sphincter
with Clostridium botulinum toxin type B.

Animals—11 healthy adult horses.

Procedure—Peak and resting anal sphincter pressures
were measured with a custom-made rectal
probe that was connected to a pressure transducer.
Pressures were measured before treatment and after
injection with botulinum toxin type B (BTB) or saline
(0.9% NaCl) solution. Dose titration with 500, 1,000,
1,500, and 2,500 U of BTB was completed. Physical
changes, behavior, and anal pressure were recorded
for each horse.

Results—Injection of 1,000 U of BTB caused a significant
reduction in peak anal pressure from days 2 to
84, compared with pressure in control horses.
Maximal effect of the toxin was observed within the
first 15 days after injection, followed by a slow return
to baseline during the 168-day period. Injection of
2,500 U of BTB in the anal sphincter in 1 horse resulted
in lethargy, generalized weakness, and dysphagia
for 14 days. Adverse clinical effects were not
observed in horses after injections with 500, 1,000, or
1,500 U of BTB.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The effect of
focal intramuscular injection of BTB in horses is similar
to that reported for other species. However, horses
appear to be more sensitive to BTB, compared
with other species, and clinical signs of botulism may
develop at doses exceeding 1,500 U. Injections of
BTB in the external anal sphincter of mares may be
useful to reduce incisional dehiscence after repair of
perineal lacerations. ( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:26–30)
Effects of a mock ultrasonographic procedure on cortisol concentrations during low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing in clinically normal adult dogs
Authors: May Elizabeth R. , Frank Linda A. , Hnilica Keith A. , Lane India F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether the stress of an ultrasonographic procedure would interfere with the suppressive effect of dexamethasone during a lowdose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) in healthy dogs.Animals—6 clinically normal adult dogs.Procedure—In phase 1, an LDDST was performed 5 times at weekly intervals in each dog. Serum samples were obtained 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after dexamethasone injection. A mock 20-minute abdominal ultrasonographic examination was performed on all dogs at each time point during the LDDST on weeks 2 through 5. In phase 2, serum cortisol concentrations were measured before and immediately after a 20-minute mock abdominal ultrasonographic examination, as described for phase 1.Results—We did not detect significant differences after dexamethasone injection when comparing median cortisol concentrations for weeks 2 to 5 (mock ultrasonographic procedure) with median concentration for week 1 (no mock ultrasonographic procedure). For 5 of the 6 dogs, cortisol concentrations after dexamethasone injection decreased to < 35.9 nmol/L after each mock ultrasonographic procedure and remained low for the duration of the LDDST. In phase 2, all dogs had significant increases in cortisol concentrations immediately after the mock ultrasonographic procedure.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A 20-minute mock abdominal ultrasonographic examination performed during LDDST did not alter results of the LDDST in most dogs. Cortisol concentrations measured immediately after a mock ultrasonographic examination were significantly increased. Ultrasonographic procedures should be performed a minimum of 2 hours before collection of samples that will be used to measure cortisol concentrations. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:267–270)
Urodynamic effects of a percutaneously controlled static hydraulic urethral sphincter in canine cadavers
Authors: Adin Christopher A. , Farese James P. , Cross Alan R. , Provitola Mary K. , Davidson Jeffrey S. , Jankunas Hope 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe a percutaneously controlled static hydraulic urethral sphincter (SHUS) and evaluate urodynamic effects of the SHUS in canine cadavers.Sample Population—Cadavers of 6 adult female dogs.Procedure—Cadavers were obtained immediately after dogs were euthanatized. Baseline maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and cystourethral leak point pressure (CLPP) were measured by use of a urethral pressure profilometer. An SHUS system was constructed by use of a silicone vascular occluder and subcutaneous infusion port. The SHUS system was then placed around the pelvic urethra in each cadaver. Measurements of MUCP and CLPP were repeated after varying occlusion of the SHUS (0%, 25%, and 50% occlusion). Baseline MUCP and CLPP values were compared with values obtained at 0%, 25%, and 50% occlusion of the SHUS by use of repeatedmeasures ANOVA.Results—Mean ± SD MUCP for canine cadavers was 7 ± 1.3 cm H2O at baseline, which increased to 127 ± 53 cm H2O after 50% occlusion of the SHUS. Mean CLPP was 11 ± 8.6 cm H2O at baseline, which increased to 73 ± 38 cm H2O after 50% occlusion of the SHUS. Mean MUCP and CLPP were significantly associated with the amount of occlusion.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The SHUS had positive effects on MUCP and CLPP in canine cadavers. Therefore, additional evaluation of the SHUS in live dogs is warranted. (Am J Vet Res2004; 65:283–288)
Evaluation of transmission of swine influenza type A subtype H1N2 virus in seropositive pigs
Authors: Choi Young K , Goyal Sagar M , Joo Han S. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To examine clinical signs, virus infection
and shedding, and transmission of swine influenza
virus (SIV) subtype H1N2 among seropositive pigs.

Animals—Eighteen 3-week-old pigs with maternal
antibodies against SIV subtypes H1N1, H3N2, and
H1N2.

Procedure—Ten pigs (principal) were inoculated
intranasally with subtype H1N2 and 2 groups of contact
pigs (n = 4) each were mixed with principal pigs
on day 7 (group 1) or 28 (group 2). Two principal pigs
each were necropsied on days 4, 14, 21, 28, and 42
days after inoculation. Four pigs in each contact group
were necropsied 35 and 14 days after contact. Virus
excretion was evaluated after inoculation or contact.
Lung lesions and the presence of SIV in various tissues
were examined.

Results—Mild coughing and increased rectal temperature
were observed in principal pigs but not in contact
pigs. Nasal virus shedding was detected in all
principal pigs from day 2 for 3 to 5 days, in group 1
pigs from day 2 for 4 to 9 days after contact, and in
group 2 pigs from day 4 for 2 to 6 days after contact.
Trachea, lung, and lymph node specimens from
infected pigs contained virus. Antibody titers against
all 3 subtypes in all pigs gradually decreased.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Protection
from viral infection and shedding was not observed in
pigs with maternal antibodies, but clinical disease did
not develop. Vaccination programs and good management
practices should be considered for control of
SIV subtype H1N2 infection on swine farms. ( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:303–306)
Evaluation of the six-minute walk test in dogs
Authors: Boddy Kirstin N. , Roche Brian M. , Schwartz Denise S. , Nakayama Tomohiro , Hamlin Robert L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the feasibility for use of a 6- minute walk test (6-MWT) in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) and document that the distance walked in 6 minutes decreases when a dog has CHF.Animals—16 young mature male hound-crossbred dogs weighing between 25 and 37 kg.Procedure—An unobstructed path (22.73 m) was measured in a hallway. Each dog was walked on a leash for 6 minutes; each dog was allowed to set its own pace. At the end of 6 minutes (as measured by use of a stopwatch), the total distance walked was measured. Heart rate (HR) obtained by auscultation and mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) obtained by oscillometry were recorded before and after the 6- MWT. Heart failure was induced by use of rapid ventricular pacing. Mean of the distance walked, HR, and MAP before and after the 6-MWT were compared between the control period and after dogs developed induced CHF.Results—Dogs with CHF had a significant increase in resting HR, significant decrease in MAP, and a significant decrease in the distance walked in 6 minutes. The MAP increased slightly after exercise during the control period but decreased slightly after exercise during the CHF period. Fractional shortening decreased significantly when dogs had CHF.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of these results indicated that the distance walked in 6 minutes decreased significantly when a dog had CHF. The 6-MWT requires little time, space, or equipment and may replace the treadmill exercise test. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:311–313)
Development of a reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction assay to detect feline herpesvirus-1 latency-associated transcripts in the trigeminal ganglia and corneas of cats that did not have clinical signs of ocular disease
Authors: Townsend Wendy M. , Stiles Jean , Guptill-Yoran Lynn , Krohne Sheryl G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to detect feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) latency-associated transcripts (LATs) in the corneas and trigeminal ganglia of cats that did not have clinical signs of ocular disease.Sample Population—Corneas and trigeminal ganglia obtained from 21 cats necropsied at the Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and 25 cats euthanatized at a humane shelter; none of the cats had a recent history of respiratory tract or ocular disease, and all had normal results for ophthalmic examinations.Procedure—Both corneas and both trigeminal ganglia were harvested from each cat. An initial PCR assay detected FHV-1 DNA in the corneas and trigeminal ganglia. The RNA was then isolated from samples positive for FHV-1 DNA, and an RT-PCR assay was used to detect LATs.Results—FHV-1 DNA was detected in 45 of 92 (48.9%) corneas and 38 of 92 (41.3%) trigeminal ganglia. In many samples, the RNA had degraded and RTPCR assay was not possible. Of the samples subjected to RT-PCR assay, none of the 39 corneas but 4 of 16 trigeminal ganglia had positive results when tested for LATs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of the results indicated that a high percentage of cats that did not have clinical signs of ocular disease had detectable FHV-1 DNA in their corneas and trigeminal ganglia. This study documents that the RT-PCR assay can successfully identify LATs and may serve as a tool to better understand the biologic characteristics of FHV-1 and its relationship to clinical disease. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:314–319)
Use of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis for estimation of total body water and extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes in horses
Authors: Fielding C. Langdon , Magdesian K. Gary , Elliott Denise A. , Cowgill Larry D. , Carlson Gary P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) for estimating total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), and intracellular fluid volume (ICFV) in horses.Animals—9 healthy mares.Procedure—TBW and ECFV were measured by use of deuterium oxide and sodium bromide dilution techniques, respectively. Intracellular fluid volume was calculated as the difference between TBW and ECFV. Concurrently, MF-BIA recordings were obtained by use of 4 anatomic electrode positions and 3 measurements of length. Models for MF-BIA data were created for all combinations of length and anatomic electrode position. Models were evaluated to determine the position-length configuration that provided the most consistent estimates of TBW, ECFV, and ICFV, compared with values determined by use of the dilution techniques.Results—Positioning electrodes over the ipsilateral carpus and tarsus and use of height at the tuber sacrale for length provided the closest estimate between values for TBW, ECFV, and ICFV predicted by use of MF-BIA and measured values obtained by dilutional techniques. This model had the narrowest 95% limits of agreement.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—MF-BIA techniques have been used to predict changes in TBW, ECFV, and ICFV in healthy and diseased humans. Results reported in this study provide an equine-specific model to serve as the basis for further evaluation of MF-BIA in horses with altered fluid states. The MF-BIA techniques have a number of potential applications for use in horses, including evaluation of exercise physiology, pharmacologic studies, and critical-care management. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:320–326)
Inheritance of cricopharyngeal dysfunction in Golden Retrievers
Authors: Davidson Autumn P. , Pollard Rachel E. , Bannasch Danika L. , Marks Stanley L. , Hornof William J. , Famula Thomas R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To characterize a genetic component to
cricopharyngeal dysfunction (CD) in Golden Retrievers.

Animals—117 dogs.

Procedure—The CD phenotype was determined by
videofluoroscopy, and dogs were classified as affected
if the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) did not open,
if there were morphologic abnormalities of the UES, or
if opening of the UES was delayed for ≥ 6 videofluoroscopic
frames (0.2 seconds) after closure of the
epiglottis. All survey radiographic and videofluoroscopic
studies were reviewed by the same radiologist.

Results—Of the 117 dogs (47 males and 70 females)
with a CD phenotype determined via videofluoroscopy,
21 dogs (18.0%) had abnormalities of the
UES (affected). Of these 21 dogs, 9 were males
(19.1% of all males) and 12 were females (17.1% of all
females). The heritability of CD in a threshold model
was estimated as 0.61, which established that CD
could be passed from parent to offspring. Results of
complex segregation analysis suggested that a single
recessive allele of large effect contributed to the
expression of this disease in Golden Retrievers.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The determination
that CD is inherited in Golden Retrievers is an
important step in providing information for veterinarians
attending dogs with this disorder. Breeders also
require this information to make informed breeding
decisions. ( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:344–349)
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in neonatal kittens
Authors: Seguin M. Alexis , Papich Mark G. , Sigle Kelly J. , Gibson Nicole M. , Levy Julie K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in neonatal kittens and compare the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in young and adult cats.Animals—7 adult cats and 111 kittens (2 to 8 weeks old).Procedure—A single dose of 5 mg of enrofloxacin/kg was administered to adults (IV) and kittens (IV, SC, or PO). Plasma concentrations of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, were determined.Results—The half-life of enrofloxacin administered IV in 2-, 6-, and 8-week-old kittens was significantly shorter and its elimination rate significantly greater than that detected in adults. The apparent volumes of distribution were lower at 2 to 4 weeks and greater at 6 to 8 weeks. This resulted in lower peak plasma concentration (Cmax) at 6 to 8 weeks; however, initial plasma concentration was within the therapeutic range after IV administration at all ages. Compared with IV administration, SC injection of enrofloxacin in 2-weekold kittens resulted in similar Cmax, half-life, clearance, and area under the curve values. Enrofloxacin administered via SC injection was well absorbed in 6- and 8- week-old kittens, but greater clearance and apparent volume of distribution resulted in lower plasma concentrations. Oral administration of enrofloxacin resulted in poor bioavailability.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In neonatal kittens, IV and SC administration of enrofloxacin provided an effective route of administration. Oral administration of enrofloxacin in kittens did not result in therapeutic drug concentrations. Doses may need to be increased to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations in 6- to 8-week-old kittens. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:350–356)
Cardiovascular effects of insufflation of the abdomen with carbon dioxide in standing horses sedated with detomidine
Authors: Cruz Antonio M. , Kerr Carolyn L. , Bouré Ludovic P. , Sears William C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the cardiovascular effects of 60 minutes of abdominal insufflation with CO2to an intra-abdominal pressure of 15 mm Hg in standing horses receiving a constant rate infusion of detomidine.Animals—5 horses.Procedure—Horses were randomly allocated into treatment or control groups. A washout period of a minimum of 7 days separated the 2 experimental periods of the crossover study. Catheters were placed into the right atrium, pulmonary artery, jugular vein, and right transverse facial artery after lidocaine infiltration. All horses were sedated with detomidine (8.54 µg/kg/h, IV). Horses in the treatment group received abdominal insufflation with CO2via a laparoscopic cannula to a final and constant intraabdominal pressure of 15 mm Hg for 60 minutes. Systemic arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, core body temperature, and the pH and gas tensions of arterial and mixed venous blood were obtained. Cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance were calculated. Data were collected in 3 stages: preinsufflation (–10 and –5 minutes), insufflation (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes), and postinsufflation (70 and 80 minutes). The quality of sedation and level of analgesia were determined.Results—The PaO2of horses in the treatment group was significantly higher after 60 minutes of pneumoperitoneum than in the control group. Core body temperature decreased significantly from baseline in both groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A 60-minute period of abdominal insufflation to an intra-abdominal pressure of 15 mm Hg did not induce significant cardiovascular abnormalities in healthy horses. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:357–362)
Effects of a single intranasal dose of modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine on resistance to subsequent viral challenge in calves
Authors: Woolums Amelia R. , Brown Corrie C. , Brown Jr James C. , Cole Dana J. , Scott Melissa A. , Williams Shamita M. , Miao Congrong 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether a single intranasal dose of modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) vaccine protects calves from BRSV challenge and characterize cell-mediated immune response in calves following BRSV challenge.Animals—13 conventionally reared 4- to 6-week-old Holstein calves.Procedure—Calves received intranasal vaccination with modified live BRSV vaccine (VC-group calves; n = 4) or mock vaccine (MC-group calves; 6) 1 month before BRSV challenge; unvaccinated control-group calves (n = 3) underwent mock challenge. Serum virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies were measured on days –30, -14, 0, and 7 relative to BRSV challenge; nasal swab specimens were collected for virus isolation on days 0 to 7. At necropsy examination on day 7, tissue specimens were collected for measurement of BRSV-specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production. Tissue distribution of CD3+ T and BLA.36+ B cells was evaluated by use of immunohistochemistry.Results—The MC-group calves had significantly higher rectal temperatures, respiratory rates, and clinical scores on days 5 to 7 after BRSV challenge than VCgroup calves. No difference was seen between distributions of BRSV in lung tissue of VC- and MC-group calves. Production of BRSV-specific IFN-γ was increased in tissue specimens from VC-group calves, compared with MC- and control-group calves. Virusspecific IFN-γ production was highest in the mediastinal lymph node of VC-group calves. Increased numbers of T cells were found in expanded bronchialassociated lymphoid tissue and airway epithelium of VC-group calves.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—An intranasal dose of modified-live BRSV vaccine can protect calves against virulent BRSV challenge 1 month later. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:363–372)