bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability, feasibility and appropriateness of intensified health education, SMS/phone tracing and transport reimbursement for uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision in a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Malawi: a mixed methods study
Authors: Matoga Mitch M. , Kudowa Evaristar , Chikuni Joachim , Tsidya Mercy , Tseka Jennifer , Ndalama Beatrice , Bonongwe Naomi , Mathiya Esther , Jere Edward , Yatina Dumbo , Kamtambe Blessings , Kapito Martin , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Chasela Charles S. , Jewett Sara 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionUptake of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) remains a challenge in many settings. Innovative implementation strategies are required to scale-up VMMC uptake.MethodologyRITe was a multi-faceted intervention comprising transport reimbursement (R), intensified health education (IHE) and SMS/Telephone tracing (Te), which increased the uptake of VMMC among uncircumcised men with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Malawi. Using a concurrent exploratory mixed-method approach, we assessed the intervention’s acceptability, feasibility and appropriateness among men with STIs and healthcare workers (HCWs) at Bwaila District Hospital. Participants completed Likert scale surveys and participated in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). We calculated percentages of responses to survey items and summarized common themes using thematic analysis. Median scores and interquartile ranges (IQR) were calculated for acceptability, feasibility and appropriateness of each strategy at baseline and end-line and compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsA total of 300 surveys, 17 IDIs and 4 FGDs were conducted with men and HCWs between baseline and end-line. The mean age for men in the survey was 29 years (SD ±8) and most were married/cohabiting (59.3%). Mean age for HCWs was 38.5 years (SD ±7), and most were female (59.1%). For acceptability, participants agreed that RITe was welcome, approvable, and likable. Despite participants agreeing that RITe was a good idea, culture and religion influenced appropriateness, particularly at baseline, which improved at end-line for Te and R. For feasibility, HCWs agreed that RITe was easy to implement, but expressed concerns that R (end-line median = 4, IQR: 2, 4) and Te (end-line median = 4, IQR: 4, 4), were resource intensive, hence unsustainable. Interviews corroborated the survey results. Participants reported that IHE provided important information, Te was a good reminder and R was attractive, but they reported barriers to R and Te such as electricity, limited access to phones and distrust in the government.ConclusionsThe RITe intervention was acceptable, feasible and appropriate. However, culture/religion and structural barriers affected perceptions of appropriateness and feasibility, respectively. Continued awareness raising on VMMC and addressing setting-specific structural factors are required to overcome barriers that impede demand-creation interventions for VMMC.Study registrationClinicalTrials.govidentifier:NCT04677374. Registered on December 18, 2020.
Cardiovascular events associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors based on randomized controlled trials or cohort trials: a safety meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Chengrong , Shen Guoshuang , Li Shengmei , Ma Fei , Li Huihui , Tang Yuyao , Li YongXin , Li Zhoujuan , Zhu Zijun , Qiu Tianlei , Liu Zhilin , Zhao Yi , Huang Shifeng , Zhao Fuxing , Kong Fanzhen , Zhao Jiuda 
Published: April 2024

SummaryBackgroundCDK4/6 inhibitors is highly valued, but the incidence of cardiovascular events (CVAEs) associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors is not clear.MethodsEligible CVAEs were extracted from theClinicalTrials.govregistry. A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and important meetings) until 3 September 2023 was conducted. A disproportionality analysis was performed from the first quarter (Q1) of 2013 to Q1 of 2023 using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Study heterogeneitywas assessed using theI2statistic. Using Peto OR and inverse variance methods to calculate the risk and incidence of CVAEs associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors.Findings21 RCTs and cohort trials (n=24,331) were included. During the follow-up period of 8.4 to 34.0 months, CDK4/6 inhibitors significantly increased the risk of CVAEs (Peto OR, 1.64, 95% confidence interval, 1.23 - 2.21,P< 0.01). The rates of QT prolongation and deep vein thrombosis were 98.83 (89.6-100.1) and 6.41 (5.23-7.18) per 1000 patients, respectively. Moreover, we identified 11 CVAEs that were not reported in RCTs or cohort studies, acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation, and mobile thrombophlebitis etc. were strongly correlated with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Furthermore, the risk of CVAEs varied depending on the specific CDK4/6 inhibitors used, its combination with different endocrine therapies, and the patient’s treatment stage.InterpretationCDK4/6 inhibitors increase the risk of CVAEs, some of which may lead to serious consequences, early recognition and management of CVAEs is of great importance in clinical practice.
Breast imaging with an ultra-low field MRI scanner: a pilot study
Authors: Shen Sheng , Koonjoo Neha , Longarino Friderike K. , Lamb Leslie R. , Villa Camacho Juan C. , Hornung Torben P.P. , Ogier Stephen E. , Yan Susu , Bortfeld Thomas R. , Saksena Mansi A. , Keenan Kathryn E. , Rosen Matthew S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBreast cancer screening is necessary to reduce mortality due to undetected breast cancer. Current methods have limitations, and as a result many women forego regular screening. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can overcome most of these limitations, but access to conventional MRI is not widely available for routine annual screening. Here, we used an MRI scanner operating at ultra-low field (ULF) to image the left breasts of 11 women (mean age, 35 years ±13 years) in the prone position. Three breast radiologists reviewed the imaging and were able to discern the breast outline and distinguish fibroglandular tissue (FGT) from intramammary adipose tissue. Additionally, the expert readers agreed on their assessment of the breast tissue pattern including fatty, scattered FGT, heterogeneous FGT, and extreme FGT. This preliminary work demonstrates that ULF breast MRI is feasible and may be a potential option for comfortable, widely deployable, and low-cost breast cancer diagnosis and screening.
WITHDRAWN:Shewanellais a putative producer of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the gut soil of the composting earthwormEisenia fetida
Authors: Wittlinger Jan-Philipp , Castejón Natalia , Hausmann Bela , Berry David , Schnorr Stephanie L. 
Published: April 2024

Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript owing to a duplicate posting of manuscript number BIORXIV/2024/587473. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author. The correct preprint can be found at doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.31.587473.
Medical ChatGPT – A systematic Meta-Review
Authors: Egger Jan , Sallam Malik , Luijten Gijs , Gsaxner Christina , Pepe Antonio , Kleesiek Jens , Puladi Behrus , Li Jianning 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince its release at the end of 2022, ChatGPT has seen a tremendous rise in attention, not only from the general public, but also from medical researchers and healthcare professionals. ChatGPT definitely changed the way we can communicate now with computers. We still remember the limitations of (voice) assistants, like Alexa or Siri, that were “overwhelmed” by a follow-up question after asking about the weather, not to mention even more complex questions, which they could not handle at all. ChatGPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs) turned that in the meantime upside down. They allow fluent and continuous conversations on a human-like level with very complex sentences and diffused in the meantime into all kinds of applications and areas. One area that was not spared from this development, is the medical domain. An indicator for this is the medical search engine PubMed, which comprises currently more than 36 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. As of March 2024, the search term “ChatGPT” already returns over 2,700 results. In general, it takes some time, until reviews, and especially systematic reviews appear for a “new” topic or discovery. However, not for ChatGPT, and the additional search restriction to “systematic review” for article type under PubMed, returns still 31 contributions, as of March 19 2024. After filtering out non-systematic reviews from the returned results, 19 publications are included. In this meta-review, we want to take a closer look at these contributions on a higher level and explore the current evidence of ChatGPT in the medical domain, because systematic reviews belong to the highest form of knowledge in science.
Increasing the accuracy of exchange parameters reporting on slow dynamics by performing CEST experiments with highB1fields
Authors: Khandave Nihar Pradeep , Hansen D Flemming , Vallurupalli Pramodh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver the last decade chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) NMR methods have emerged as powerful tools to characterize biomolecular conformational dynamics occurring between a visible major state and ‘invisible’ minor states. The ability of the CEST experiment to detect these minor states, and provide precise exchange parameters, hinges on using appropriateB1field strengths during the saturation period. Typically, a pair ofB1fields withω1(= 2πB1) values around the exchange ratekexare chosen. Here we show that the transverse relaxation rate of the minor state resonance (R2,B) also plays a crucial role in determining theB1fields that lead to the most informative datasets. Using, to guide the choice ofB1, instead ofkex, leads to data wherefrom substantially more accurate exchange parameters can be derived. The need for higherB1fields, guided by K, is demonstrated by studying the conformational exchange in two mutants of the 71 residue FF domain withkex∼11 s-1and ∼72 s-1, respectively. In both cases analysis of CEST datasets recorded usingB1field values guided bykexlead to imprecise exchange parameters, whereas usingB1values guided by K resulted in precise site-specific exchange parameters. The conclusions presented here will be valuable while using CEST to study slow processes at sites with large intrinsic relaxation rates, including carbonyl sites in small to medium sized proteins, amide15N sites in large proteins and when the minor state dips are broadened due to exchange among the minor states.
Palynological studies on the selected members ofFabaceae
Authors: Pranav Raj T.K. , Ajin Shaju , Abhinna B.S. , Jojo Joseph 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe investigation into pollen biology encompasses various stages such as pollen production, transfer to stigma, and the ensuing interactions leading to fertilization. Stigma plays a crucial role in providing an optimal environment for pollen germination and subsequent tube growth. However, conductingin vivostudies presents challenges due to the complexities of pistillate tissues, thus necessitating a reliance onin vitrocultures to comprehend pollen physiology. This study focuses on assessing pollen viability and germination in a selection ofFabaceaespecies, includingCanavalia gladiata, Centrosoma pubescens, Clitoria ternatea, Crotalaria pallida, Glyricidia maculata, Pueraria phaseoloides, andVigna unguiculata, utilizing tetrazolium testing and hanging drop culture methods. Results demonstrate a range of variability in pollen viability (from 19.38% to 80.78%) and germination (ranging from 23.90% to 79.81%), withCrotalaria pallidaexhibiting the highest rates of viability and germination, whereasClitoria ternateaandPueraria phaseoloidesdisplayed the lowest rates. This investigation contributes valuable insights into the pollen characteristics ofFabaceaespecies, hinting at possible connections between pollen viability/germination and seed/fruit set percentages.
SlAN1 is a limiting factor for the light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in fruit tissues of purple tomato
Authors: Reis Gabriel Lasmar dos , Vaz Chaiane Fernandes , Arge Luis Willian Pacheco , Santos Adolfo Luís dos , Chaves-Silva Samuel , Peres Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira , Chalfun-Junior Antonio , Benedito Vagner Augusto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnthocyanins are specialized plant metabolites with significant dietary value due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Research indicates that dietary intake of these phenolic compounds contributes to preventing various chronic diseases. As the most consumed vegetable worldwide, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an excellent candidate for anthocyanin-enrichment strategies. In tomato, activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is light-dependent, but this mechanism has yet to be entirely characterized. We investigated the role of light in anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruits of the purple tomato, which is a near-isogenic line (NIL) derived from wild accessions into cv. Micro-Tom (MT). MT-Aft/atv/hp2starts accumulating anthocyanin early during fruit development but is restricted to the peel (exocarp and epicarp). Manipulating light incidence in different fruit tissues determined that the absence of anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh results from the sun-blocking effect of the cyanic epicarp on the mesocarp, thus preventing light from penetrating deeper into the fruit. Transcriptional analyses of the fruit peel and flesh revealed that the bHLH transcription factor SlAN1 (Solyc09g065100) is the limiting factor for light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in both tissues. This research enhances our comprehension of the genetic and environmental regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in fruit tissues, offering valuable insights into plant breeding for human nutrition.HighlightThe expression of theSlAN1gene is activated in response to light signals, and it is the limiting factor for anthocyanin pigmentation in tomato fruit tissues.
Mosaic and cocktail capsid-virus-like particle vaccines for induction of antibodies against the EPCR-binding CIDRα1 domain of PfEMP1
Authors: Riedmiller Ilary , Fougeroux Cyrielle , Jensen Rasmus W. , Kana Ikhlaq H. , Sander Adam F. , Theander Thor G. , Lavstsen Thomas , Turner Louise 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe sequestration ofPlasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to the host endothelium is central to the pathogenesis of malaria. The sequestration is mediated by the parasités diversePlasmodium falciparumerythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) variants, which bind select human receptors on the endothelium. Severe malaria is associated with PfEMP1 binding human endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) via their CIDRα1 domains. Antibodies binding and inhibiting across the sequence diverse CIDRα1 domains are likely important in acquired immunity against severe malaria. In this study, we explored if immunization with AP205 bacteriophage capsid-virus-like particles (cVLPs) presenting a mosaic of diverse CIDRα1 protein variants would stimulate broadly reactive and inhibitory antibody responses in mice. Three different mosaic cVLP vaccines each composed of five CIDRα1 protein variants with varying degrees of sequence conservation of residues at and near the EPCR binding site, were tested. All mosaic cVLP vaccines induced functional antibodies comparable to those induced by matched cocktails of cVLPs decorated with the single CIDRα1 variant. No broadly reactive responses were observed. However, the vaccines did induce some cross-reactivity and inhibition within the CIDRα1 subclasses included in the vaccines, demonstrating potential use of the cVLP vaccine platform for the design of multivalent vaccines.
Alanine-scanning mutagenesis library of MreB reveals distinct roles for regulating cell shape and viability
Authors: Maharjan Suman , Sloan Ryan , Lusk Jada , Bevienguevarr Rose , Surber Jacob , Morgenstein Randy M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe bacterial actin-homolog MreB is a crucial component of the rod-system (elongasome) that maintains rod shape in many bacteria. It is localized beneath the inner membrane where it organizes the elongasome complex. Depletion or deletion ofmreBresults in loss of rod shape and cell death; however, the mechanism of how MreB operates is not known, given that the protein cannot be purified in a functionally intact form. Past studies have reported mutations inmreBcause varying degrees of cell shape and size alterations based on the type and position of the substitution. To better understand the role of MreB in rod shape formation we have taken the first truly systematic approach by replacing the native copy ofmreBwith an alanine-scanning mutagenesis library. Surprisingly, we observed stably growing spherical mutants that have lost MreB’s function(s) for shape regulation without losing viability. Hence, MreB has vital functions related to growth in addition to shape maintenance that can be separated. In support of this, rod shape suppressor analysis of these spherical mutants only revealed reversions or intragenicmreBmutations, suggesting that MreB is indispensable for rod shape. Additionally, our results imply the elongasome is no longer active in these strains, suggesting a novel way for rod shaped bacteria to synthesize cell wall.
Optineurin-facilitated axonal mitochondria delivery promotes neuroprotection and axon regeneration
Authors: Liu Dong , Webber Hannah C. , Bian Fuyun , Xu Yangfan , Prakash Manjari , Feng Xue , Yang Ming , Yang Hang , You In-Jee , Li Liang , Liu Liping , Liu Pingting , Huang Haoliang , Chang Chien-Yi , Liu Liang , Shah Sahil H , Torre Anna La , Welsbie Derek S. , Sun Yang , Duan Xin , Goldberg Jeffrey Louis , Braun Marcus , Lansky Zdenek , Hu Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptineurin (OPTN) mutations are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG), but a relevant animal model is lacking, and the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are unknown. We found that OPTN C-terminus truncation (OPTNΔC) causes late-onset neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), optic nerve (ON), and spinal cord motor neurons, preceded by a striking decrease of axonal mitochondria. Surprisingly, we discover that OPTN directly interacts with both microtubules and the mitochondrial transport complex TRAK1/KIF5B, stabilizing them for proper anterograde axonal mitochondrial transport, in a C- terminus dependent manner. Encouragingly, overexpressing OPTN/TRAK1/KIF5B reverses not only OPTN truncation-induced, but also ocular hypertension-induced neurodegeneration, and promotes striking ON regeneration. Therefore, in addition to generating new animal models for NTG and ALS, our results establish OPTN as a novel facilitator of the microtubule-dependent mitochondrial transport necessary for adequate axonal mitochondria delivery, and its loss as the likely molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration.
Exosomal miRNAs from maternal vaginal discharge as biomarkers for preterm labor: non-invasive liquid biopsy
Authors: Kim Taewoon , Park Jee Yoon , Lee Hyo Jin , Choi Bo young , Kim Hyeon Ji , Lee Luke P. , Hong Jong Wook 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPreterm labor is a serious issue that can lead to preterm birth, posing significant risks to both the mother and the neonate. Despite the high incidence of approximately 15 million preterm births worldwide per year, there is a lack of sufficient strategies for predicting and preventing preterm labor. Here, we found that exosomal miRNAs in maternal vaginal discharge can serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis of life-threatening conditions in both the mother and neonate. Our non-invasive biopsy of vaginal discharge using a swab allows us to isolate enriched exosomes via an advanced microfluidic platform called BEST (Biologically intact Exosome Separation Technology). We have identified specific miRNAs differentially expressed in mothers with preterm labor compared to those with full-term mothers. These miRNAs included hsa-miR-206, which was up-regulated in preterm labor, and hsa-miR-3674, hsa-miR-365a-5p, and hsa-miR-193b-3p, which were down-regulated. We believe our discovery of unique miRNAs as biomarkers can aid in early detection and effective treatment of preterm labor, potentially revolutionizing global healthcare.
A grounded theory study of beliefs underlying use of ancestral spirits for healing among Baganda traditional spiritual healers in Central Uganda
Authors: Sekagya Yahaya H. K. , Muchunguzi Charles , Unnikrishnan Payyappallimana , Mulogo Edgar M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increasing global sensitivity to spirituality in medicine and sociology has elevated the relevance of beliefs in ancestral spirits as an integral element in Africa’s multi-ethnic society and biocultural diversity for health management. However, ancestral spirituality in healthcare in the local context, remains sparse and elusive since most literature relates spirituality with religion and religious practices. The study sought to explore the beliefs in ancestral spirits utilized for health management among practicing Baganda traditional spiritual healers (Balubaale). Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews and partial integration observation methods from twelve (10M, 2F) purposively selected and recruitedBalubaalefrom Central Uganda between 15thJuly 2019 and 29thApril 2020, and we prospectively interacted with them for 24 months. Transcribed data was coded and thematically analyzed using ATLAS ti. 22 computer software based on grounded theory approach. Data revealed themes related to beliefs in spiritual powers of categories of ancestral spirits, sacred places, living plants and animals, non-living things such as fire, water, the Sun, and non-materials such as symbols and colors. Spiritual powers can be potentiated through rituals, sacrifice and communal activities all of which are utilized during health managements. In conclusion,Balubaalebelieve that illness and health management are influenced by ancestral spirits and spiritual powers contained in nature and creation therein. We recommend more exploratory studies among spiritualists of other tribes to contrast the findings.
Cumulative risk of revision after primary total hip arthroplasty in registries: Systematic review and meta-analysis of selected hip stems and cups
Authors: Combescure Christophe , Smith James A , Barea Christophe , Hoogervorst Lotje A. , Nelissen Rob , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J , Lübbeke Anne ,   the arthroplasty registry group
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe objective was to investigate the consistency in cumulative revision rates for a selection of total hip arthroplasty cups and stems across national/regional hip arthroplasty registries worldwide.MethodsTen cups and 10 stems from total hip systems were randomly selected. Two frequently used implants across registries were added, totalling 11 cups and 11 stems. Cumulative revision rates (CRR) and 95%CIs were extracted from the latest annual registry reports using these implants. CRRs were pooled for each cup or stem, and differences between cup-stem combinations and between registries were investigated.ResultsCRRs were available for 10 cups and 8 stems from 8 registries, totalling 552,148 cups and 727,447 stems. Follow-up was 1-20 years. Five-year CRRs pooled on all cups was 2.9% (95%CI 2.3 to 3.6) and on all stems 3.0% (95%CI 2.4 to 3.8). Homogenous (consistent) CRRs with respect to both, associated implant and country, were observed for 2 cups and 3 stems. Significant differences in CRR were identified in 1 cup by associated implant only, in 1 cup by registry only, and in 2 cups and 4 stems for both. Sparse data prevented evaluation of 4 cups and 1 stem.ConclusionRegistries’ annual reports provide a large amount of publicly available information on CRRs of specific implants. These CRRs can be synthesized to improve the assessment of implant performance over time. Our CRR analysis represents a promising approach to detect implants with a consistent low- or high-risk pattern across registries.