bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ipratropium bromide in the treatment of the ‘rhinorrhoea syndrome’
Authors: O'Dwyer T. P. , Lee R. J. , Kaye J. , Fennell G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractConventional treatments for non-allergic perennial rhinitis have proven somewhat unsuccessful in the control of rhinorrhoea when it is the predominant symptom. Hence, a double-blind cross-over trial of Ipratropium, a parasympatholytic, and placebo were carried out over a 12-week period. There was a significant reduction in rhinorrhoea during active treatment, with the most noticable effect being in the moderate-to-severe rhinorrhoea group. No significant effect was noted on nasal obstruction or sneezing and no serious side-effects were seen. A carry-on effect was noted when active treatment was used initially. However, the group given active treatment following placebo had a better result overall. A strong placebo effect was also noted in both groups, in keeping with a trial of this order.
Intubation trauma
Authors: Davies J. E. , Lesser T. H. J. , Cobley M. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn recent years endotracheal tubes with low pressure cuffs have become available with the aim of reducing trauma to the trachea and larynx. This paper uses laryngographic methods to analyse intubation trauma in 20 short to medium term intubations.No difference in laryngeal trauma was found between low pressure, large diameter cuffs when compared ot standard cuffs.
Nasal granuloma gravidarum
Authors: Mcshane D. P. , Walsh M. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNasal granuloma gravidarum is a rare condition that arises exclusively during pregnancy. It usually presents with the non-specific symptoms of nasal bleeding and obstruction though occasionally a patient may notice an intra-nasal mass herself.Three cases of nasal granuloma gravidarum are presented to add to those previously recorded in the literature. Although the aetiology of this condition is unclear, the authors speculate that it probably represents an excessive healing response to some minor trauma sustained in a tissue primed and sensitized by pregnancy.The management of this lesion is discussed and a simple surgical procedure described for its removal.
Relapsing malignant otitis externa successfully treated with ciprofloxacin
Authors: Morrison G. A. J. , Bailey C. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo cases are presented, both patients with advanced maligant otitis externa.The antibiotic ciprofloxacin has strong anti-pseudomonal activity. It was given orally for six months to both patients, following administration of the traditional parenteral antibiotic courses, and in each case the disease has been extinguished. We therefore recommend that the management of patients shown to have malignant otitis externa should include strict diabetic control, regular local aural toilet, gentamicin ear drops and a six week course of parenteral antipseudomonal antibiotic agents (usually gentamicin and azlocillin) together with metronidazole to cover any anaerobic element in the infection. This regimen should be followed by a six month course of oral ciprofloxacin (750 mg b. d.). Indium scans should be used to monitor recovery. We believe that this regimen can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients suffering from malignant otitis externa with cranial nerve involvement.
Basal cell carcinoma of the middle ear—a natural history
Authors: Joachims H. Z. , Arieh Y.Ben 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe natural course of basal cell carcinoma of the middle ear is described. This tumour is extremely rarely found in the middle ear and only two cases have been reported to date. The appearance of the tumour was heralded by earache and deafness, followed years later by wide local destruction of the temporal and parietal bones, base of skull, facial palsy and multiple distant metastases.The patient refused both surgical and irradiation therapy and died 10 years after the initial diagnosis.
Cholesteatoma in children
Authors: Sadé J. , Shatz A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOf 325 previously untreated cholesteatomas, 109 were found to be in children 13 years old and younger—however, these 109 ears were not found to consist of one clinical entity. Sixty-three of the 109 ears presented a marginal perforation or a retraction pocket, at the level of Shrapnell's membrane or beyond the posterosuperior quadrant. In this group the cholesteatoma was distributed mainly in the attic and mastoid and was associated with a non-cellular mastoid. A second group comprising 31 ears presented with cholesteatoma behind an intact drum and were considered to be primary cholesteatomas. These were distributed mostly in the tympanic cavity as cystic epidermoid formations—their mastoid was usually pneumatized. Eight cholesteatomas were related to a central perforation. These ears presented features very similar to the primary cholesteatomas i.e., a pneumatized mastoid and tympanic cavity distribution. The similar features of this group make us think that they may have also originated as primary cholesteatomas which eventually perforated and bring the percentage of primary cholesteatomas in children to 38.3%. Seven of the 109 ears with cholesteatoma were of an indeterminate character.
Perinatal salivary gland tumours (Embryomas)
Authors: Batsakis John G. , Mackay Brune , Ryka A. Francine , Seifert Robert W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEpithelial salivary gland tumours presenting in the first month of life (perinatal tumours) are exclusively of major salivary gland origin and predominantly of the parotid gland. Approximately 25 per cent of these rare tumors have been histologically and/or biologically malignant. Except for an occasional pleomorphic and monomorphic adenoma, the majority of the tumors are proliferations suggesting a tumorous arrest of maturation of the salivary gland anlage, hence their designation as embryomas. A case report of an embryoma of the parotid is presented, accompanied by a review of the literature.
Acute epiglottitis in children and adults. Nasotracheal intubation, tracheostomy or careful observation? Current status in Scandinavia
Authors: Arndal H. , Andreassen U. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA review was performed of the treatment of 92 patients with acute epiglottitis with special reference to the different procedures employed in children and adults. Intubation was performed in 74 per cent of the children but in only six per cent of the adults. More than half of the children were initially observed only, but of these 58 per cent eventually needed intubation. No deaths occurred. We present our management protocol as well as a survey of the routine management of acute epiglottitis in children in the five Scandinavian countries. The number of initially observed patients ranged from nil per cent in Iceland to 35 per cent in Finland. When an artifical airway is needed, 92–100 per cent of the patients are intubated, 0-8 per cent tracheostomized, and 0-5 per cent one or the other, as a standard procedure. Tracheostomy is performed in departments where the facilities do not permit sufficient observation of patients treated by intubation.
Laryngo-tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies in children
Authors: Banerjee Amit , Subba Rao K. S. V. K. , Khanna S. K. , Narayanant P. S. , Gupta B. K. , Sekar J. C. , Retnam C. Rajendra , Nachiappan M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractInhalation of a foreign body into the respiratory passage can be a serious and sometimes fatal childhood accident. In this paper we analyze the management of 223 children with laryngo-tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies. Children below three years of age were found to be the most vulnerable. The majority of the patients were boys. Over a quarter of the patients did not present with a history of inhalation. Only 52 per cent reported within 24 hours of inhalation. Endoscopic removal was possible in all but nine cases. One hundred and fort eight (66.4 per cent) of the recovered foreign bodies were organic in origin, the majority of them being peanuts. In one hundred and five (47.1 per cent) the objects found their way into the right bronchial tree. There were two deaths. The modalities of diagnosis and management are discussed.
Pritt Tak: Another hazard of grommets and swimming
Authors: Clark D. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere is argument about whether, whilst swimming, water should be excluded from ears which have middle ear ventilation tubes in place in the tympanic membrane.The adhesive putty substance BLU-TACK (registered Trade Mark, Bostik Ltd, Leicester, England LE4 6BW) has been suggested as an effective ear plug for this purpose.A case is described in which an alternative adhesive putty substance was used as a waterproof plug. The result was that the plug became semi-solid and impossible to remove without the use of micro instruments and removal would have required general anæstgetic in a less co-operative patient.Patients should be warned of this risk.
Rare mid-line congenital anomalies of the face
Authors: Farag M. Mokhtar , Ragaie A. , El-Oteify M. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree rare cases of congenital anomalies (mid-line nasal proboscis, subintegumental mid-line cleft lip and congenital palatoglossal synechia) are presented with their management. The embryological considerations of these cases are discussed.
Clinical investigation of olfactory and auditory function in type I pseudohypoparathyroidism: participation of adenylate cyclase system
Authors: Ikeda K. , Sakurada T. , Sasaki Y. , Takasaka T. , Furukawa Y. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOlfactory and auditory function was examined in five patient with type I pseudohyppoarathyroidism; in two patient the activity of stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein was examined and found to have low values. The olfactory tests were performed by T & T olfactometer and intravenous injection of thiamine propyl disulphide. The four patients receiving olfactory test showed a disturbance in recoginzation of the odorants. All five patients had normal hearing at frequencies with the normal range. An adenylate cyclase system is thought to play an important role in olfactory transduction, whereas cochlear function may be unaffected by this system in the normal state.
Coronal CT examination in the evaluation of small frontoethmodial encephalocoeles
Authors: Lundorf E. , Kjeldgaard A. , Halaburt H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSymptoms producing small front-ethmoidal encephalocoeles are generally identified radiologically. The examination of choice is coronal CT, eventually performed axially with coronal reconstructions, and best with intrathecal contrast material delineating the basal cisterns. Two case reports demonstrate the clinical and radiological problems in identifying and fronto-ethmoidal encephalocoleles.
A modification of the MacFee incisions for neck dissection
Authors: Shaw H. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe dissection of cervical lymphatics for cancer after radiotherapy imposes a special need to ensure good healing of skin flaps with good access and acceptable aesthetic results. Adaptability of incisions for extended surgery is also desirable.Although it is felt that the adoption of the basic MacFee incision pattern fulfils these criteria, the author has for years employed curved modifications of the two horizontal incision lines. This develops a waisted skin bridge which in freely mobile and gives better access to the deep structures.The technique is contrasted with other approaches and described in detail. It complies with the safe principle of join-free linear incisions and is practical for regular use.
The repair of defects in the head and neck region with the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap
Authors: Chowdhury C. R. , Mclean N. R. , Harrop-Griffiths K. , Breach N. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere are many different flaps available for head and neck reconstruction. The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap has been widely used in this unit on 80 occasions in the past three years, both as a pedicled and as a free microvascular flap following the excision of head and neck malignancy, the commonest pathology being intraoral squamous cell carcinoma.There were nine cases of complete or substantial flap loss requiring a further reconstructive procedure. Few of the patients who underwent total glossectomy suffered from overspill or aspiration and the fistula rate was low.Reference is made to the anatomy and the technique of raising this versatile flap which provides a large volume of tissue and has been particularly useful following total glossesctomy when combined with a hyoid hitch.
Brainstem auditory evoked potentials after irradiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma—Report on two cases with myelopathy of the brainstem
Authors: Lau S. K. , Wei W. I. , Choyt D. , Sham J. S. T. , Engzell U. C. G. 
Published: November 2007

abstractBrainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were recorded in two patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) irradiated 14 and three years ago respectively and compared with 15 healthy controls. The patients had features of post- irradiation myelopathy of the brainstem with reduced gag reflex, unilateral vocal cord paralysis and fasciculation of the tongue. The first patient had a blind left eye. The second patient had quadriparesis. All ears revealed post-irradiation otitis media changes and mixed deafness. BAEP was not recognizable in the left ear of the first patient and was normal in the left ear of the second patient. Simultaneous electrocochleogram and BAEP were recorded from the right ear of the first case. The wave I–V latency interval were rolonged in both right ears. In the absence of local recurrence and brain secondaries, these BAEP changes are attributed to the post-irradiation myelopathy of brainstem.
Osteogenic sarcoma of the ethmoid sinus
Authors: Bradley C. , McCloymont L. G. , Reid R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of osteogenic sarcoma of the ethmoid sinus is reported in a 45 year old man. The tumour extended superiorly through the frontal sinus and involved the medial wall of the left orbit causing diplopia. Treatment comprised partial excision followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with symptomatic improvement, although 13 months later the patient died from progressive local and metastatic disease. A possible relationship to previous radiation exposure is discussed.
Treatment of glue ear in relation to radiographic palatal airway size: a predictor for outcome following adenoidectomy?
Authors: Parker Andrew J. , Maw A. Richard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAdenoidectomy performed for ‘glue ear’ accounts for many of the admissions for surgery in childhood. In spite of this there are no objective guidelines to enable the clinician to select those cases in whom a definite benefit is likely, or in whom such procedures might best be avoided. A total of 147 children with established bilateral glue ear randomized to adenoidectomy (A) or no pharyngeal surgery (NS) treatment groups were examined for clearance of effusion in an unoperated ear after one year. Outcome was analysed with respect to the pre-operative Radiographic Palatal Airway size in three groups in relation to mean measurements obtained from matched populations of normal children and those with established disease. Those with small airways had significantly increased clearance following A when compared with NS between the ages of 3–7 years. Adenoidectomy should probably not be performed in those children with large airway measurements, although the outcome may ultimately be related to the age at which surgery is performed.
Recurrent bilateral peripheral facial palsy
Authors: Stahl N. , Ferit T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFacial nerve paralysis is a common otolaryngological diagnosis. Recurrent unilateral peripheral facial palsy is found in about 7 per cent of the cases. Simultaneous bilateral facial palsy is relatively uncommon and occurs in 0.3–2.0 per cent of cases of facial palsy. Recurrent. simultaneous, bilateral, idiopathic facial palsy to the best of our knowledge has never been reported. A case of recurrent, simultaneous, bilateral, idiopathic facial palsy is presented. No evidence of systemic or local disease was found in both attacks of peripheral facial palsies. The association with states of stress is the only common finding between the two attacks.
Staging in cholesteatoma surgery
Authors: Austin David F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSingle stage surgery was used for 174 operations for cholesteatoma. The results were analysed using months at risk (actuarial) statistics. The methods of data collection and of creating a life-table for cholesteatoma follow-up are described. Ninety-one canal-down procedures are compared with 82 canal-up procedures as to the recidivism rate as well as hearing results. The actuarial tables showed a 50 per cent cumulative success rate for canal-up procedures versus a 90 per cent rate for canal-down operations. The successful canal-up procedures, however, demonstrated slightly better hearing results. These success rates seemed to be comparable to those using planned staged surgery.It was concluded that if single stage canal-up procedures were used with larger mastoids and canal-down procedures with smaller mastoids, 80 per cent of patients could be controlled without either residual or recurrent disease appearing. For the others, it was felt safe to wait for the disease to reappear rather than to do planned two-stage procedures for all patients. It was further urged that actuarial statisties be employed when reporting the results of surgery for cholesteatoma.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo resulting from surgical trauma
Authors: Nigam A. , Moffat D. A. , Varley E. W. B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA patient developed benign paroxysmal positional vertigo following partial excision of the upper jaw for squamous carcinoma. It is probable that the trauma sustained by the labyrinth during surgery led to the development of vertigo. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo may be a preventable post-operative complication.
Haemorrhage during minitracheotomy: reduction of risk by altered incision
Authors: Terry R. M. , Cook P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 46-year-old male was admitted to an intensive care unit: for 11 days he was ventilated via a naso-tracheal tube. Because of excess tracheal secretions, a mini tracheotomy was attempted on the unit which resulted in profuse arterial haemorrhage, necessitating immediate reintubation and subsequent formal tracheostomy. The authors feel that this complication was due to a mid-line vertical incision and that this could have been avoided by a horizontal incision across the lower part of the cricothyroid membrane, as close to the cricoid cartilage as possible. They describe their recommended technique.
Pedunculated squamous papilloma of the laryngopharynx
Authors: Desai S. , Rajaratnam K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPedunculated squamous papillomas usually arise from the soft palate, tonsil or the epiglottis. These lesions can sometimes prove to be fatal. A case of peduculated squamous papilloma, arising from the laryngopharynx, in a young, mentally retarded female, is presented here. The clinical presentation, the site of origin and the size of the lesion were quite unusual. The narrow base of the pedicle made the intra-oral excision possible.
Fibrous histiocytoma of the larynx
Authors: Jordan M. B. , Soames J. V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFibrous histiocytoma is uncommon in the head and neck region and rare in the larynx. Its behaviour is unpredictable.A case is reported in a 54-year-old male which was treated conservatively initially and which recurred several times over a seven year period. During that time the appearances of the lesion changed from those of a densely collagenous, cytologically benign tumour to those of a richly cellular and potentially malignant neoplasm. Laryngectomy was eventually undertaken.
Persisting nystagmus following vestibular nerve section for Menière's disease
Authors: Shotton J. C. , Ludman Harold , Davies Rosalyn 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUnilateral vestibular nerve section (VNS) creates a state of acute dysequlibrium which resolves by a process of central compensation. This disturbance resolves quickly and central compensation is complete generally within a month with resolution of symptoms and signs. The course of central compensation following VNS will be similar to that seen after labyrinthectomy because the detachment of hemi-labyrinthine input that is achieved by both will be identical. Six patients are presented who have undergone VNS at least 2.7 years ago (Average 3.5 years); all of them have persisting spontaneous peripheral type horizontal jerk nystagmus, present with optic fixation in five. This is obvious clinically and was confirmed in each case by agreement of three independent observers and has been recorded by electronystagmography (ENG). They are free from marked vestibular symptoms. The explanations of mechanisms involved in central compensation are discussed with respect to this previously unrecorded clinical observation.
Repair of post-laryngectomy pharyngeal fistulae
Authors: Rubin J. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPost-laryngectomy pharyngeal fistulization is an unpleasant occurrence. Presented herein is the author's approach to this problem, along with two cases in which closure was effected by sternocleidomastoid (SCM) myoplasty.SCM myocutaneous flaps have previously been considered for pharyngocutaneous fistulae and then disregarded due to the doubtful nature of the blood supply to the skin. The SCM myoplasty obviates this problem as it relies on muscle rather than skin. SCM myoplasty has been used as a bolster in pharyngeal reconstruction after the pharynx has been closed by pharyngeal mucosal advancement or rotation. The author has extended this idea utilizing the raw muscle of the SCM to directly reconstruct the defect in fistulae deemed too large for primary closure.Anatomical, oncological and technical considerations are discussed, as well as the author's protocol for post-laryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistulae.
Head and neck surgery in the elderly: a maturing problem
Authors: Harries M. , Lund V. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe number of elderly patients requiring oncologic head and neck surgery is increasing as this proportion of the population continues to grow. To establish the specific problems and relative risks, 100 patients, 70 years of age and over have been examined to determine post-operative mortality and morbidity. Results do not show these to be significantly increased in the elderly and support an aggressive approach to head and neck cancer management in these patients.
Complications of mediastinoscopy
Authors: Puhakka Heikki J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFrom 1968 to 1987, mediastinoscopy was performed on 2021 consecutive patients. The procedure was carried out in 35.7 per cent on patients with a pulmonary infiltrate and in 28.8 per cent with bronchogenic carcinoma. Mediastinoscopy was positive in 54 per cent of the cases. The total number of complications was 2.3 per cent (47/2021). There were four cases with major haemorrhage, three tracheal ruptures and three wound infections. Recurrent nerve paralysis was verified in three patients and pericardial rupture in two patients. The total of major complications was 0.5 per cent (10/2021). There was no deaths in this series. In the authors' opinion, mediastinoscopy can be regarded as an effective and safe procedure in the hands of an experienced surgeon.