bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of narrow band millimeter‐wave potential interactions with endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor genes
Authors: Nicolaz Christophe Nicolas , Zhadobov Maxim , Desmots Fabienne , Ansart Armelle , Sauleau Ronan , Thouroude Daniel , Michel Denis , Drean Yves Le 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe main purpose of this article is to study potential biological effects of low‐power millimeter waves (MMWs) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an organelle sensitive to a wide variety of environmental insults and involved in a number of pathologies. We considered exposure frequencies around 60 GHz in the context of their near‐future applications in wireless communication systems. Radiations within this frequency range are strongly absorbed by oxygen molecules, and biological species have never been exposed to such radiations in natural environmental conditions. A set of five discrete frequencies has been selected; three of them coincide with oxygen spectral lines (59.16, 60.43, and 61.15 GHz) and two frequencies correspond to the spectral line overlap regions (59.87 and 60.83 GHz). Moreover, we used a microwave spectroscopy approach to select eight frequencies corresponding to the spectral lines of various molecular groups within 59–61 GHz frequency range. The human glial cell line, U‐251 MG, was exposed or sham‐exposed for 24 h with a peak incident power density of 0.14 mW/cm2. The average specific absorption rate (SAR) within the cell monolayer ranges from 2.64 ± 0.08 to 3.3 ± 0.1 W/kg depending on the location of the exposed well. We analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) the level of expression of two endogenous ER‐stress biomarkers, namely, the chaperones BiP/GRP78 and ORP150/GRP170. It was found that exposure to low‐power MMW does not significantly modify the mRNA levels of these stress‐sensitive genes suggesting that ER homeostasis is not altered by low‐power MMW at the considered frequencies. Bioelectromagnetics 30:365–373, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endocrine controls of keratin expression
Authors: Ramot Yuval , Paus Ralf , Tiede Stephan , Zlotogorski Abraham 
Published: March 2009

AbstractKeratins are a family of intermediate filaments that serve various crucial roles in skin physiology. For mammalian skin to function properly, and to produce epidermal and hair keratins that are optimally adapted for their environment, it is critical that keratin gene and protein expression are stringently controlled. Given that the skin is not only targeted by multiple hormones, but also constitutes a veritable peripheral endocrine organ, it is not surprizing that intracutaneous keratin expression is underlined by tight endocrine controls. These controls encompass thyroid hormones, steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids (GCs), retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin D, and several neuroendocrine mediators. Here, we review why a better understanding of the endocrine controls of keratin expression is not only required for an improved insight into normal human skin and hair function, but may also open new therapeutic avenues in a wide range of skin and hair diseases.
Translocation through the nuclear pore: Kaps pave the way
Authors: Peters Reiner 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTransport through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), a keystone of the eukaryotic building plan, is known to involve a large channel and an abundance of phenylalanine–glycine (FG) protein domains serving as binding sites for soluble nuclear transport receptors and their cargo complexes. However, the conformation of the FG domains in vivo, their arrangement in relation to the transport channel and their function(s) in transport are still vividly debated. Here, we revisit a number of representative transport models—specifically Brownian affinity gating, selective phase gating, reversible FG domain collapse, and reduction of dimensionality (ROD)—in the light of new data obtained by optical single transporter recording, optical superresolution microscopy, artificial nanopores, and many other techniques. The analysis suggests that a properly adapted, simplified version of the ROD model accounts well for the available data. This has implications for nucleocytoplasmic transport in general.
A Ca2+‐binding protein with numerous roles and uses: parvalbumin in molecular biology and physiology
Authors: Arif Syed Hasan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractParvalbumins (PVs) are acidic, intracellular Ca2+‐binding proteins of low molecular weight. They are associated with several Ca2+‐mediated cellular activities and physiological processes. It has been suggested that PV might function as a “Ca2+shuttle” transporting Ca2+from troponin‐C (TnC) to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+pump during muscle relaxation. Thus, PV may contribute to the performance of rapid, phasic movements by accelerating the contraction–relaxation cycle of fast‐twitch muscle fibers. Interestingly, PVs promote the generation of power stroke in fish by speeding up the rate of relaxation and thus provide impetus to attain maximal sustainable speeds. However, immunological monitoring of diverse tissues demonstrated that PVs are also present in non‐muscle cells. The axoplasmic transport and various intracellular secretory mechanisms including the endocrine secretions seem to be controlled by the Ca2+regulation machinery. Any defect in the Ca2+handling apparatus may cause several clinical problems; for instance, PV deficiency alters the neuronal activity, a key mechanism leading to epileptic seizures. Moreover, atypical relaxation of the heart results in diastolic dysfunction, which is a major cause of heart failure predominantly among the aged people. PV may offer a unique potential to correct defective relaxation in energetically compromised failing hearts through PV gene transfer. Consequently, PV gene transfer may present a new therapeutic approach to correct cellular disturbances in Ca2+signaling pathways of diseased organs. Hence, PVs appear to be amazingly useful candidate proteins regulating a variety of cellular functions through action on Ca2+flux management.
Hydra and the evolution of stem cells
Authors: Bosch Thomas C. G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHydra are remarkable because they are immortal. Much of immortality can be ascribed to the asexual mode of reproduction by budding, which requires a tissue consisting of stem cells with continuous self‐renewal capacity. Emerging novel technologies and the availability of genomic resources enable for the first time to analyse these cells in vivo. Stem cell differentiation in Hydra is governed through the coordinated actions of conserved signaling pathways. Studies of stem cells in Hydra, therefore, promise critical insights of general relevance into stem cell biology including cellular senescence, lineage programming and reprogramming, the role of extrinsic signals in fate determination and tissue homeostasis, and the evolutionary origin of these cells. With these new facts as a backdrop, this review traces the history of studying stem cells in Hydra and offers a view of what the future may hold.
The interplay between transcription factors and microRNAs in genome‐scale regulatory networks
Authors: Martinez Natalia J. , Walhout Albertha J. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMetazoan genomes contain thousands of protein‐coding and non‐coding RNA genes, most of which are differentially expressed, i.e., at different locations, at different times during development, or in response to environmental signals. Differential gene expression is achieved through complex regulatory networks that are controlled in part by two types of trans‐regulators: transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). TFs bind to cis‐regulatory DNA elements that are often located in or near their target genes, while miRNAs hybridize to cis‐regulatory RNA elements mostly located in the 3′ untranslated region of their target mRNAs. Here, we describe how these trans‐regulators interact with each other in the context of gene regulatory networks to coordinate gene expression at the genome‐scale level, and discuss future challenges of integrating these networks with other types of functional networks.
Enzymatic surface modification and functionalization of PET: A water contact angle, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy study
Authors: Donelli Ilaria , Taddei Paola , Smet Philippe F. , Poelman Dirk , Nierstrasz Vincent A. , Freddi Giuliano 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the changes induced by a lypolytic enzyme on the surface properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Changes in surface hydrophilicity were monitored by means of water contact angle (WCA) measurements. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the Attenuated Total Reflectance mode (ATR) was used to investigate the structural and conformational changes of the ethylene glycol and benzene moieties of PET. Amorphous and crystalline PET membranes were used as substrate. The lipolytic enzyme displayed higher hydrolytic activity towards the amorphous PET substrate, as demonstrated by the decrease of the WCA values. Minor changes were observed on the crystalline PET membrane. The effect of enzyme adhesion was addressed by applying a protease after‐treatment which was able to remove the residual enzyme protein adhering to the surface of PET, as demonstrated by the behavior of WCA values. Significant spectral changes were observed by FTIR–ATR analysis in the spectral regions characteristic of the crystalline and amorphous PET domains. The intensity of the crystalline marker bands increased while that of the amorphous ones decreased. Accordingly, the crystallinity indexes calculated as band intensity ratios (1,341/1,410 cm−1 and 1,120/1,100 cm−1) increased. Finally, the free carboxyl groups formed at the surface of PET by enzyme hydrolysis were esterified with a fluorescent alkyl bromide, 2‐(bromomethyl)naphthalene (BrNP). WCA measurements confirmed that the reaction proceeded effectively. The fluorescence results indicate that the enzymatically treated PET films are more reactive towards BrNP. FTIR analysis showed that the surface of BrNP‐modified PET acquired a more crystalline character. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 845–856. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic synthesis of β‐glucosylglycerol using a continuous‐flow microreactor containing thermostable β‐glycoside hydrolase CelB immobilized on coated microchannel walls
Authors: Schwarz Alexandra , Thomsen Malene S. , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: March 2009

Abstractβ‐Glucosylglycerol (βGG) has potential applications as a moisturizing agent in cosmetic products. A stereochemically selective method of its synthesis is kinetically controlled enzymatic transglucosylation from a suitable donor substrate to glycerol as acceptor. Here, the thermostable β‐glycosidase CelB from Pyrococcus furiosus was used to develop a microstructured immobilized enzyme reactor for production of βGG under conditions of continuous flow at 70°C. Using CelB covalently attached onto coated microchannel walls to give an effective enzyme activity of 30 U per total reactor working volume of 25 µL, substrate conversion and formation of transglucosylation product was monitored in dependence of glucosyl donor (2‐nitrophenyl‐β‐D‐glucoside (oNPGlc), 3.0 or 15 mM; cellobiose, 250 mM), the concentration of glycerol (0.25–1.0 M), and the average residence time (0.2–90 s). Glycerol caused a concentration‐dependent decrease in the conversion of the glucosyl donor via hydrolysis and strongly suppressed participation of the substrate in the reaction as glucosyl acceptor. The yields of βGG were ≥80% and ≈60% based on oNPGlc and cellobiose converted, respectively, and maintained up to near exhaustion of substrate (≥80%), giving about 120 mM (30 g/L) of βGG from the reaction of cellobiose and 1 M glycerol. The structure of the transglucosylation products, 1‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐rac‐glycerol (79%) and 2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐sn‐glycerol (21%), was derived from NMR analysis of the product mixture of cellobiose conversion. The microstructured reactor showed conversion characteristics similar to those for a batchwise operated stirred reactor employing soluble CelB. The advantage of miniaturization to the microfluidic format lies in the fast characterization of full reaction time courses for a range of process conditions using only a minimum amount of enzyme. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 865–872. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuroscience and the law: Philosophical differences and practical constraints
Authors: Martell Daniel A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractControversies surrounding the value of neuroscience as forensic evidence are explored from the perspective of the philosophy of mind, as well as from a practical analysis of the state of the scientific research literature. At a fundamental philosophical level there are profound differences in how law and neuroscience view the issue of criminal responsibility along the continuum from free will to determinism. At a more practical level, significant limitations in the current state of neuroimaging research constrain its ability to inform legal decision‐making. Scientifically supported and unsupported forensic applications for brain imaging are discussed, and recommendations for forensic report writing are offered. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alteration of Ca2+‐ATPase activity in the homogenate, plasma membrane and microsomes of the salivary glands of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Nicolau José , De Souza Douglas Nesadal , Simões Alyne 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDiabetes has been implicated in the dryness of the mouth, loss of taste sensation, sialosis, and other disorders of the oral cavity, by impairment of the salivary glands. The aim of the present study was to examine the plasma membrane, microsomal, and homogenate Ca2+‐ATPase activity in the rat submandibular and parotid salivary glands of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes. We have also examined the influence of the acidosis state on this parameter. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and acidosis was induced by daily injection of NH4Cl. At 15 and 30 days after diabetes induction, the animals were euthanized and the submandibular and parotid salivary glands were removed and analyzed. Ca2+‐ATPase (total, independent, and dependent) was determined in the homogenate, microsomal, and plasma membranes of the salivary glands of diabetic and control rats. Calcium concentration was also determined in the glands and showed to be higher in the diabetic animals. Ca2+‐ATPase activity was found to be reduced in all cell fractions studied in the diabetic animals compared with control. Similar results were obtained for the submandibular salivary glands of acidotic animals; however in the parotid salivary glands it was found an increase in the enzyme activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intergenerational transmission of internalising and externalising behaviours across three generations: Gender‐specific pathways
Authors: Kim Hyoun K. , Capaldi Deborah M. , Pears Katherine C. , Kerr David C. R. , Owen Lee D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground Few studies have examined gender‐specific pathways in the intergenerational transmission of internalising and externalising behaviours across three generations.Aim The current study considered both parental figures' internalising and externalising symptoms simultaneously and tested path models of the transmission of internalising and externalising symptoms from Generation 1 (G1) to Generation 2 (G2) and from G2 to Generation 3 (G3) by focusing on gender‐specific pathways.Method The study used data from the Oregon Youth Study of 206 young men and two associated studies of their intimate partners (Couples Study) and children (Three‐Generational Study) over 20 years.Results Findings indicated that, in general, mothers' internalising behaviour showed robust influence on offspring's internalising symptoms across three generations, regardless of gender of the child. G2 men's externalising behaviour was further predicted by G1 mothers' internalising as well as externalising behaviour, albeit the latter was only marginally significant. G3 girls' internalising and externalising behaviour was predicted by their fathers' corresponding behaviour. Overall, fathers' influence on their sons was limited.Conclusion The findings shed important light on potential gender‐specific mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of internalising and externalising behaviour. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of curcumin for preventing restenosis in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit iliac artery stent model
Authors: Jang Hyung‐Suk , Nam Hye Yeong , Kim Jeong‐Min , Hahm Dong‐Hoon , Nam So Hee , Kim Koung Li , Joo Jae‐Ryang , Suh Wonhee , Park Jong‐Sang , Kim Duk Kyung , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the efficacy of the curcumin‐coating stent (CCS) on the inhibition of restenosis in a rabbit iliac artery stent model.Results:Curcumin, pigment naturally acquired from the rhizome of the plant curcuma longa, is known to have antiproliferative, antimigratory, and anti‐inflammatory effects. However, it is still unclear that curcumin can inhibit neointimal proliferation of the injured vessel.Methods:Dose‐dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed over a dose range from 10 nM to 10 μM. CCS was prepared by a dip‐coating method (high‐dose: HD, low‐dose: LD). The release profile of the HD CCS showed that drug release persisted until day 21. Scanning electron microscopy of the CCS showed an intact surface of the stent even after expansion. To test the efficacy of CCS in vivo, LD CCS, HD CCS, and bare metal stents (BMS) were implanted in random order in one iliac artery (N = 30 arteries) of male New Zealand White rabbits (N = 15).Results:After 28 days, the LD and HD CCS groups had a 43% and 55% reduction in the neointimal area, compared with the BMS group (BMS 3.3 ± 1.0 mm2, LD 1.9 ± 0.8 mm2, and HD 0.9 ± 0.5 mm2, P < 0.05). There appeared to be no cytotoxicity related to curcumin at the indicated doses.Conclusions:Curcumin, a natural compound in the human diet, seems to be a safe and effective candidate drug for use in a drug‐eluting stent for the prevention of stent restenosis following angioplasty. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The “Buddy‐in‐Jail” technique—A novel method for increasing support during percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Bagnall Alan J. , Spratt James C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe “buddy‐in‐jail” technique is a novel method for increasing support during percutaneous coronary intervention. We report two case‐based examples of successful coronary stent delivery using the jailed buddy wire technique. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carotid artery stenting: Do procedural complications relate to the side intervened upon?
Authors: Zahn Ralf , Ischinger Thomas , Hochadel Matthias , Mark Bernd , Zeymer Uwe , Schmalz Wolfgang , Schramm Alexander , Hauptmann Karl Eugen , Seggewiß Hubert , Janicke Ilse , Mudra Harald , Senges Jochen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives: To determine the influence of the side intervened upon on outcomes during carotid artery stenting (CAS). Background: Anatomic and technical aspects may influence the results of CAS. The value of the side intervened upon has not been analyzed yet. Methods: We analyzed data from the Carotid Artery Stent (CAS) – Registry.
Results: A total of 3,165 CAS procedures, 1,613 (51%) at the left and 1,552 (49%) at the right carotid artery were included. There was a higher proportion of patients treated for symptomatic stenoses when CAS was performed at the left carotid artery (50.1% versus 45.8%, P = 0.016) and more patients already had prior carotid endarterectomy (8.5% versus 5.8%, P = 0.003). Interventions at the left side took 3 min longer than interventions at the right side (46.6 ± 24.3 versus 43.8 ± 23.6, P = 0.003). In patients treated at the left carotid artery amaurosis fugax (0.7% versus 0.1%, P = 0.005), ipsilateral stroke (3.1% versus 1.8%, P = 0.017), and the primary endpoint of in‐hospital death or stroke (4.1% versus 2.3%, P = 0.005) occurred significantly more often. Even after adjusting for confounding parameters, CAS procedures performed at the left carotid arteries remained an independent predictor of death or stroke (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.15–2.72, P = 0.009). Conclusions: In current clinical practice, CAS is performed frequently at the right carotid artery as at the left carotid artery. CAS interventions have a higher in‐hospital complication rate if performed at the left carotid artery. Technical improvements might help to overcome this situation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrograde recanalization of a chronic total occlusion of a saphenous vein graft
Authors: Sachdeva Rajesh , Uretsky Barry F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPercutaneous revascularization of chronically occluded coronary arteries remains technically challenging, with far lower procedural success rates compared to other lesion subsets. Retrograde approach via septal collateral is more promising for improving success rates of this lesion in native coronary arteries. The potential benefits of successful treatment results in improvement in angina and mortality are well established. Occluded saphenous vein graft recanalization retrogradely has not been described before. We describe a case of retrograde recanalization of chronically occluded saphenous vein graft. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early clinical experience with the new amplatzer ductal occluder II for closure of the persistent arterial duct
Authors: Forsey Jonathan , Kenny Damien , Morgan Gareth , Hayes Alison , Turner Mark , Tometzki Andrew , Martin Robin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives: To describe the early single‐center clinical experience with the Amplatzer Ductal Occluder II (ADO II). Methods: All patients undergoing attempted transcatheter closure of persistent arterial duct (PDA) with the ADO II were included. Data collected included demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic parameters. Results: From March until September 2008, 29 procedures were undertaken in 27 patients (21 female). Median age was 1.4 years (range 0.4–76 years) with median weight 9.4 kg (range 4.7–108 kg). A transarterial approach was used in 2 patients. The median minimum ductal diameter was 2.7 mm (range 1.7–5). ADO II was released in 25 patients (92.5%). Two patients had significant residual shunting following deployment of ADO II and underwent closure with Amplatzer ductal occluder (ADO I). Postprocedural echocardiography identified one occluder had changed position with development of a significant leak and one occluder had embolized to the left pulmonary artery. Both occluders were retrieved successfully at a second catheter procedure. Complete occlusion was noted predischarge in 22 of the remaining 23 occluders (96%). One patient had mild flow acceleration in the left pulmonary artery which has resolved. Conclusions: The ADO II is highly effective at providing rapid occlusion of morphologically varied PDAs. Occluder design allows closure with arterial or venous approach and delivery with 4 or 5 F delivery catheters. Stable occluder position is dependent on correct positioning of both aortic and pulmonary discs. A larger range of sizes and configurations of this occluder may be required to successfully occlude all ductal sizes and morphologies. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.