bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probiotics may alleviate intestinal damage induced by cardiopulmonary bypass in children
Authors: Toritsuka Daisuke , Aoki Masaya , Higashida Akihiko , Fukahara Kazuaki , Nishida Naonori , Hirono Keiichi , Hane Mai , Sugimoto Takuya , Asahara Takashi , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Intestinal ischaemia–reperfusion injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass causes intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, leading to dysbiosis and bacterial translocation. We conducted a randomized prospective study with 2 objectives: (i) to investigate epithelial barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation induced by cardiopulmonary bypass and changes in the gut microbiota and (ii) to verify whether probiotics can improve these conditions.

METHODS
Between 2019 and 2020, patients 0–15 years old scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled and randomly allocated to 2 groups: the intervention group received probiotics and the control group did not receive probiotics. We analysed the microbiota in faeces and blood, organic acid concentrations in faeces, plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and immunological responses.

RESULTS
Eighty-two patients were enrolled in this study. The characteristics of the patients were similar in both groups. The total number of obligate anaerobes was higher in the intervention group than in the control group after postoperative day 7. We identified 4 clusters within the perioperative gut microbiota, and cluster changes showed a corrective effect of probiotics on dysbiosis after postoperative day 7. Organic acid concentrations in faeces, incidence of bacterial translocation, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein levels and immunological responses, except for interleukin -17A, were not markedly different between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Administration of probiotics was able to correct dysbiosis but did not sufficiently alleviate the intestinal damage induced by cardiopulmonary bypass. More effective methods should be examined to prevent disturbances induced by cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass.

Clinical trial registration number
https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000037174
UMIN000035556
Frequency of stress dosing and adrenal crisis in paediatric and adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a prospective study
Authors: Tschaidse Lea , Wimmer Sophie , Nowotny Hanna F , Auer Matthias K , Lottspeich Christian , Dubinski Ilja , Schiergens Katharina A , Schmidt Heinrich , Quinkler Marcus , Reisch Nicole 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) require life-long glucocorticoid replacement, including stress dosing (SD). This study prospectively assessed adrenal crisis (AC) incidence, frequency, and details of SD and disease knowledge in adult and paediatric patients and their parents.

Design
Prospective, observational study.

Methods
Data on AC and SD were collected via a patient diary. In case of AC, medical records were reviewed and patient interviews conducted. Adherence to sick day rules of the German Society of Endocrinology (DGE) and disease knowledge using the German version of the CAH knowledge assessment questionnaire (CAHKAQ) were assessed.

Results
In 187 adult patients, the AC incidence was 8.4 per 100 patient years (py) and 5.1 in 100 py in 38 children. In adults, 195.4 SD episodes per 100 py were recorded, in children 169.7 per 100 py. In children 72.3% and in adults 34.8%, SD was performed according to the recommendations. Children scored higher on the CAHKAQ than adults (18.0 [1.0] vs 16.0 [4.0]; P = .001). In adults, there was a positive correlation of the frequency of SD and the incidence of AC (r = .235, P = .011) and CAHKAQ score (r = .233, P = .014), and between the incidence of AC and CAHKAQ (r = .193, P = .026).

Conclusion
The AC incidence and frequency of SD in children and adults with CAH are high. In contrast to the paediatric cohort, the majority of SD in adults was not in accordance with the DGE recommendations, underlining the need for structured and repeated education of patients with particular focus on transition.
What are the determinants of change in walking fitness in patients with a history of depression following cardiac rehabilitation?
Authors: Sever Serdar , Harrison Alexander , Doherty Patrick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to investigate the demographic, clinical, and service-level factors determining change in walking fitness in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients with a history of depression following the CR programme.

Methods and results
The National Audit of Cardiac Rehabilitation clinical data were used to identify 1476 patients with a history of depression who had their pre- and post-incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) recorded between 1 January 2016 and 31 January 2020. A multiple linear regression was conducted to examine the determinants of change in walking fitness (m) following CR. Mean age was 61 (SD 10.45), and mean ISWT distance at baseline and outcome was 352.06 m (SD 169.48) and 463.43 m (SD 197.65), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that change in walking distance reduced by 1.6 m for each year increase in age at baseline (P &lt; 0.001). Females and unemployed patients had less improvement in walking fitness (23.1 and 21.5 m, respectively). Having a body mass index (BMI) &gt; 30 was associated with lower improvement (24.2 m, P &lt; 0.001), while physically active patients had 14.6 m higher change. Higher baseline ISWT quintiles were associated with less improvement, and increased waiting time to start CR was associated with reduced change in walking fitness following CR.

Conclusion
Older age, female gender, unemployment, higher baseline BMI, longer waiting time, and lower physical activity were associated with reduced walking fitness improvement in patients with a history of depression. Targeted intervention and prompt access to CR can optimize outcomes.
2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tzeis Stylianos , Gerstenfeld Edward P , Kalman Jonathan , Saad Eduardo B , Sepehri Shamloo Alireza , Andrade Jason G , Barbhaiya Chirag R , Baykaner Tina , Boveda Serge , Calkins Hugh , Chan Ngai-Yin , Chen Minglong , Chen Shih-Ann , Dagres Nikolaos , Damiano Ralph J , De Potter Tom , Deisenhofer Isabel , Derval Nicolas , Di Biase Luigi , Duytschaever Mattias , Dyrda Katia , Hindricks Gerhard , Hocini Meleze , Kim Young-Hoon , la Meir Mark , Merino Jose Luis , Michaud Gregory F , Natale Andrea , Nault Isabelle , Nava Santiago , Nitta Takashi , O’Neill Mark , Pak Hui-Nam , Piccini Jonathan P , Pürerfellner Helmut , Reichlin Tobias , Saenz Luis Carlos , Sanders Prashanthan , Schilling Richard , Schmidt Boris , Supple Gregory E , Thomas Kevin L , Tondo Claudio , Verma Atul , Wan Elaine Y , Steven Daniel , Agbayani Michael-Joseph , Jared Bunch T , Chugh Aman , Díaz Juan Carlos , Freeman James V , Hardy Carina Abigail , Heidbuchel Hein , Johar Sofian , Linz Dominik , Maesen Bart , Noseworthy Peter A , Oh Seil , Porta-Sanchez Andreu , Potpara Tatjana , Rodriguez-Diez Gerardo , Sacher Frederic , Suwalski Piotr , Trines Serge A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the last three decades, ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become an evidence-based safe and efficacious treatment for managing the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In 2007, the first joint expert consensus document was issued, guiding healthcare professionals involved in catheter or surgical AF ablation. Mounting research evidence and technological advances have resulted in a rapidly changing landscape in the field of catheter and surgical AF ablation, thus stressing the need for regularly updated versions of this partnership which were issued in 2012 and 2017. Seven years after the last consensus, an updated document was considered necessary to define a contemporary framework for selection and management of patients considered for or undergoing catheter or surgical AF ablation. This consensus is a joint effort from collaborating cardiac electrophysiology societies, namely the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Heart Rhythm Society, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society .
Management of patients with an electrical storm or clustered ventricular arrhythmias: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the ESC—endorsed by the Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, Heart Rhythm Society, and Latin-American Heart Rhythm Society
Authors: Lenarczyk Radosław , Zeppenfeld Katja , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Heinzel Frank R , Deneke Thomas , Ene Elena , Meyer Christian , Wilde Arthur , Arbelo Elena , Jędrzejczyk-Patej Ewa , Sabbag Avi , Stühlinger Markus , di Biase Luigi , Vaseghi Marmar , Ziv Ohad , Bautista-Vargas William-Fernando , Kumar Saurabh , Namboodiri Narayanan , Henz Benhur Davi , Montero-Cabezas Jose , Dagres Nikolaos , Peichl Petr , Frontera Antonio , Tzeis Stylianos , Merino Jose Luis , Soejima Kyoko , de Chillou Christian , Tung Roderick , Eckardt Lars , Maury Philippe , Hlivak Peter , Tereshchenko Larisa G , Kojodjojo Pipin , Atié Jacob 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Electrical storm (ES) is a state of electrical instability, manifesting as recurrent ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) over a short period of time (three or more episodes of sustained VA within 24 h, separated by at least 5 min, requiring termination by an intervention). The clinical presentation can vary, but ES is usually a cardiac emergency. Electrical storm mainly affects patients with structural or primary electrical heart disease, often with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Management of ES requires a multi-faceted approach and the involvement of multi-disciplinary teams, but despite advanced treatment and often invasive procedures, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. With an ageing population, longer survival of heart failure patients, and an increasing number of patients with ICD, the incidence of ES is expected to increase. This European Heart Rhythm Association clinical consensus statement focuses on pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and acute and long-term management of patients presenting with ES or clustered VA.
Use of three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping for epicardial access: needle tracking, electrographic characteristics, and clinical application
Authors: Yu Ronghui , Liu Nian , You Binquan , Wang Haixiong , Ruan Yanfei , Wen Songnan , Weiss Peter J , Zawaneh Michael , Su Wilber , Tung Roderick , Zhao Xin , Wang Wei , Tang Ribo , Bai Rong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pericardiocentesis is usually completed under fluoroscopy. The electroanatomic mapping (EAM) system allows visualizing puncture needle tip (NT) while displaying the electrogram recorded from NT, making it possible to obtain epicardial access (EA) independent of fluoroscopy. This study was designed to establish and validate a technique by which EA is obtained under guidance of three-dimensional (3D) EAM combined with NT electrogram.

Methods and results
3D shell of the heart was generated, and the NT was made trackable in the EAM system. Unipolar NT electrogram was continuously monitored. Penetration into pericardial sac was determined by an increase in NT potential amplitude and an injury current. A long guidewire of which the tip was also visible in the EAM system was advanced to confirm EA. Epicardial access was successfully obtained without complication in 13 pigs and 22 patients. In the animals, NT potential amplitude was 3.2 ± 1.0 mV when it was located in mediastinum, 5.2 ± 1.6 mV when in contact with fibrous pericardium, and 9.8 ± 2.8 mV after penetrating into pericardial sac (all P ≤ 0.001). In human subjects, it measured 1.54 ± 0.40 mV, 3.61 ± 1.08 mV, and 7.15 ± 2.88 mV, respectively (all P &lt; 0.001). Fluoroscopy time decreased in every 4–5 cases (64 ± 15, 23 ± 17, and 0 s for animals 1–4, 5–8, 9–13, respectively, P = 0.01; 44 ± 23, 31 ± 18, 4±7 s for patients 1–7, 8–14, 15–22, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). In five pigs and seven patients, EA was obtained without X-ray exposure.

Conclusion
By tracking NT in the 3D EAM system and continuously monitoring the NT electrogram, it is feasible and safe to obtain EA with minimum or no fluoroscopic guidance.
The role for ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring in the diagnosis and prognostication of Brugada syndrome: a sub-study of the Rare Arrhythmia Syndrome Evaluation (RASE) Brugada study
Authors: Scrocco Chiara , Ben-Haim Yael , Ensam Bode , Aldous Robert , Tome-Esteban Maite , Specterman Mark , Papadakis Michael , Sharma Sanjay , Behr Elijah R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Brugada syndrome (BrS) diagnosis and risk stratification rely on the presence of a spontaneous type 1 (spT1) electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern; however, its spontaneous fluctuations may lead to misdiagnosis and risk underestimation. This study aims to assess the role for repeat high precordial lead (HPL) resting and ambulatory ECG monitoring in identifying a spT1, and evaluate its prognostic role.

Methods and results
HPL resting and ambulatory monitoring ECGs of BrS subjects were reviewed retrospectively, and the presence of a spT1 associated with ventricular dysrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Three-hundred and fifty-eight subjects (77 with spT1 pattern at presentation, Group 1, and 281 without, Group 2) were included. In total, 1651 resting HPL resting and 621 ambulatory monitoring ECGs were available for review, or adequately described. Over a median follow-up of 72 months (interquartile range - IQR - 75), 42/77 (55%) subjects in Group 1 showed a spT1 in at least one ECG. In Group 2, 36/281 subjects (13%) had a newly detected spT1 (1.9 per 100 person-year) and 23 on an HPL ambulatory recording (8%). Seven previously asymptomatic subjects, five of whom had a spT1 (four at presentation and one at follow-up), experienced arrhythmic events; survival analysis indicated that a spT1, either at presentation or during lifetime, was associated with events. Univariate models showed that a spT1 was consistently associated with increased risk [spT1 at presentation: hazard ratio (HR) 6.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–28, P = 0.016; spT1 at follow-up: HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.3–7.2, P = 0.008].

Conclusion
Repeated ECG evaluation and HPL ambulatory monitoring are vital in identifying transient spT1 Brugada pattern and its associated risk.
Accurate diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using explainable advanced electrocardiogram analysis
Authors: Hughes Rebecca K , Thornton George D , Malcolmson James W , Pierce Iain , Khoury Shafik , Hornell Amanda , Knott Kristopher , Captur Gabriella , Moon James C , Schlegel Todd T , Ugander Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Typical electrocardiogram (ECG) features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) include tall R waves and deep or giant T-wave inversion in the precordial leads, but these features are not always present. The ECG is used as the gatekeeper to cardiac imaging for diagnosis. We tested whether explainable advanced ECG (A-ECG) could accurately diagnose ApHCM.

Methods and results
Advanced ECG analysis was performed on standard resting 12-lead ECGs in patients with ApHCM [n = 75 overt, n = 32 relative (&lt;15 mm hypertrophy); a subgroup of which underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (n = 92)], and comparator subjects (n = 2449), including healthy volunteers (n = 1672), patients with coronary artery disease (n = 372), left ventricular electrical remodelling (n = 108), ischaemic (n = 114) or non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (n = 57), and asymmetrical septal hypertrophy HCM (n = 126). Multivariable logistic regression identified four A-ECG measures that together discriminated ApHCM from other diseases with high accuracy [area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve (bootstrapped 95% confidence interval) 0.982 (0.965–0.993)]. Linear discriminant analysis also diagnosed ApHCM with high accuracy [AUC 0.989 (0.986–0.991)].

Conclusion
Explainable A-ECG has excellent diagnostic accuracy for ApHCM, even when the hypertrophy is relative, with A-ECG analysis providing incremental diagnostic value over imaging alone. The electrical (ECG) and anatomical (wall thickness) disease features do not completely align, suggesting that future diagnostic and management strategies may incorporate both features.
Interventions for cold homes: a rapid review of the health impacts
Authors: Lazo Green Kimberly , Tan Michelle M C , Johnson Eugenie Evelynne , Ahmed Nisar , Eastaugh Claire , Beyer Fiona , Craig Dawn , Spiers Gemma F , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Cold homes are associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes for older people. To mitigate this risk, homes need to be heated to an appropriate temperature. This review aims to identify interventions designed to improve heating and temperatures within homes and summarize its impact on health, health service utilization and cost effectiveness.

Methods
A rapid review was conducted. Studies assessing the effects of structural, financial, or behavioural interventions designed to improve home temperatures of residents aged 18+ years were eligible. Searches were carried out in four databases. A search for grey literature, and backward and forward citation searching were performed. Data were summarized in a narrative synthesis and mapped using EPPI-Reviewer and EPPI-Mapper software.

Results
Eighteen studies reported across 19 publications were included. Structural interventions were associated with better mental health and quality of life, a reduction in health service utilization, and improvements in satisfaction with internal home temperature, social interactions and financial difficulties. The impact on physical health outcomes varied by age, gender and long-term conditions. Evidence about the impact of behavioural interventions was inconsistent.

Conclusion
Structural improvements to increase home temperatures may offer the potential to improve some aspects of health. However, the impact on physical health, including which groups are most likely to benefit, is unclear. Key gaps include the lack of evidence about the impact of financial interventions, and the impact of all types of interventions, on quality of life, mortality and costs.
Mitochondrial membrane transporters as attractive targets for the fermentative production of succinic acid from glycerol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rendulić Toni , Perpelea Andreea , Ortiz Juan Paulo Ragas , Casal Margarida , Nevoigt Elke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Previously, we reported an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-1A derivative able to produce succinic acid (SA) from glycerol with net CO2 fixation. Apart from an engineered glycerol utilization pathway that generates NADH, the strain was equipped with the NADH-dependent reductive branch of the TCA cycle (rTCA) and a heterologous SA exporter. However, the results indicated that a significant amount of carbon still entered the CO2-releasing oxidative TCA cycle. The current study aimed to tune down the flux through the oxidative TCA cycle by targeting the mitochondrial uptake of pyruvate and cytosolic intermediates of the rTCA pathway, as well as the succinate dehydrogenase complex. Thus, we tested the effects of deletions of MPC1, MPC3, OAC1, DIC1, SFC1, and SDH1 on SA production. The highest improvement was achieved by the combined deletion of MPC3 and SDH1. The respective strain produced up to 45.5 g/L of SA, reached a maximum SA yield of 0.66 gSA/gglycerol, and accumulated the lowest amounts of byproducts when cultivated in shake-flasks. Based on the obtained data, we consider a further reduction of mitochondrial import of pyruvate and rTCA intermediates highly attractive. Moreover, the approaches presented in the current study might also be valuable for improving SA production when sugars (instead of glycerol) are the source of carbon.
Perceived Discrimination and Incident Dementia Among Older Adults in the United States:  The Buffering Role of Social Relationships
Authors: Hsieh Ning , Liu Hui , Zhang Zhenmei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Recent studies have found that perceived discrimination as a chronic stressor predicts poorer cognitive health. However, little research has investigated how social relationships as potential intervening mechanisms may mitigate or exacerbate this association. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults, this study examined how the existence and quality of 4 types of relationships—with a partner, children, other family members, and friends—may modify the impact of perceived discrimination on incident dementia.

Methods
We analyzed data from the 2006 to 2016 Health and Retirement Study (N = 12,236) using discrete-time event history models with competing risks. We used perceived discrimination, social relationships, and their interactions at the baseline to predict the risk of incident dementia in the follow-ups.

Results
Perceived discrimination predicted a higher risk of incident dementia in the follow-ups. Although having a partner or not did not modify this association, partnership support attenuated the negative effects of discrimination on incident dementia. Neither the existence nor quality of relationships with children, other family members, or friends modified the association.

Discussion
Our findings imply that intimate partnership plays a critical role in coping with discrimination and, consequently, influencing the cognitive health of older adults. Although perceived discrimination is a significant risk factor for the incidence of dementia, better partnership quality may attenuate this association. Policies that eliminate discrimination and interventions that strengthen intimate partnerships may facilitate better cognitive health in late life.
Petrophysical parameter estimation using Biot-poroelastic full-waveform inversion
Authors: Wang Haiwei , Liu Yike , Liu Linong , Yan Tianfan , Zhang Zhendong 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY
The increasing need for petrophysical parameter inversion has spurred the advancement of full-waveform inversion (FWI). This study introduces a new inversion method that can directly estimate petrophysical parameters from seismic waveform data. Specifically, we modified the regular elastic wave equation by including Biot poroelastic parameters and designed an inversion workflow based on the framework of elastic FWI. The newly introduced inversion algorithms have demonstrated their effectiveness and accuracy using the Marmousi model and a synthetic model related to the gas hydrate deposits based on the Shenhu area of the South China Sea. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of directly inverting petrophysical parameters and assessing if a deposit contains gas hydrate.