bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of the hot deformation behavior of boron microalloyed steels under uniaxial hot-compression conditions
Authors: Mejia Ignacio , López-Chipres Edgar , Maldonado Cuauhtemoc , Bedolla-Jacuinde Arnoldo , Cabrera José Maria 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The present study shows that the hot deformation behavior of boron microalloyed steels can be quantitatively described by constitutive equations. These equations take into account both dynamic recovery and recrystallization phenomena. They have been fitted using experimental data taken from hot compression tests of four boron microalloyed steels in order to determine their characteristic parameters. The tests were carried out over a wide range of temperatures (950, 1000, 1050 and 1100°C) and strain rates (10−3, 10−2 and 10−1 s−1). The analysis of the characteristic parameters of the constitutive equations describing the hot flow behavior of these steels shows that boron additions play a major role in softening mechanisms rather than on hardening. A quantification of the boron effect is also presented. The experimental data were compared with the predictions of the proposed model and an excellent agreement between measured and predicted values for all boron micro-alloyed steels over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates was obtained.
Thermodynamic description of the C-Fe-Mn system with key experiments and its practical applications
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Du Yong , Chen Qing , Xu Honghui , Zheng Feng , Tang Chengying , Chen Hailin 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Based on the critically reviewed experimental data available in the literature, new phase transition temperatures and phase equilibria at 800 °C close to the Cu-Fe side of the Cu-Fe-Mn system were measured in the present work. The composition-invariant (γFe, γMn) → (αFe) massive transformations were observed in the two quenched alloys in the Fe-rich region. A set of consistent thermodynamic parameters of the Cu-Fe-Mn system was then obtained by taking into account all kinds of experimental data. Comparisons between the calculated and measured phase diagrams indicate that most of the experimental information is satisfactorily described by the present thermodynamic modeling. The liquidus isolines, liquidus projection and reaction scheme of this ternary system are also presented. Significant improvements have been made, compared with the previous assessments. The presently obtained parameters were applied in successfully solving the !surface fissure" during hot rolling of steel and controlling the micro-structure of the Cu-Fe based alloys in rapid solidification.
The effect of pre-structure process on magnetorheological elastomer performance
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Gong Xinglong , Xu ZhenBang , Jiang Wanquan 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
On fabricating magnetorheolgoical elastomer, the mixture of iron particles and un-vulcanized rubber is placed under a curing magnetic field for some time so that iron particles are driven by the magnetic force to form a columnar structure; this process is called the pre-structure process. The microstructure of a magnetorheological elastomer sample is influenced by the pre-structure process, however, few reports address this problem in detail. This paper aims to study the effect of the pre-structure process on the magnetorheological elastomer performance. The pre-structure process is dominated by three influencing factors: magnetic field, curing time and temperature. A variety of magnetorheological elastomer samples were fabricated under different pre-structure conditions and their shear moduli were measured by using a dynamic mechanics analyzer machine. Scanning electron microscope images of these samples were also taken. The results demonstrated the magnetic field-induced modulus shows an increasing trend with magnetic strength before the magnetorheological elastomer samples reach magnetic saturation. The relative magnetorheological effect has an optimal value when the pre-structure field is 110 mT. The effects of the pre-structure time and temperature on the magnetorheological effect were also addressed by using the optimal pre-structure field. These three pre-structure conditions also affect each other. Thus, to fabricate higher-performance magnetorheological elastomer, these pre-structure conditions should be optimized. These results were also explained by study of the particle motion within the matrix.
Corrosion protective double layer hard coatings
Authors: Afshari N. , Novinrooz A. J. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
A Cr + TiN double layer was coated on an SS-420 substrate using a hollow cathode discharge gun. The compositional analysis of the samples carried out by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy confirmed the Cr/TiN constituents. X-ray diffraction pattern studies showed that due to the presence of chromium in the TiN matrix, preferential growth of TiN was changed from (200) to (111) reflection plane, leading to formation of a Cr + TiN double layer hard composite. However, at the same time, the hard coating layers exhibited unavoidable defects exposing them to corrosive environments. In this work, the corrosion protective behaviour of the Cr + TiN double layer was examined by potentiodynamic measurements in sodium chloride solution. It was inferred from this study that the increase in corrosion potential from −505 mV to −452 mV corresponding to the bare substrate and Cr + TiN coatings, respectively, led to the formation of more corrosion protective layers. The electrochemical impedance spectra analysis of the SS-420 substrate, TiN and Cr + TiN layers revealed that corrosion resistance increased and the electrochemical impedance of the Cr + TiN layer decreased. This is attributed to the corrosion protective properties of the resultant coating and its reduced permeability to the corrosive environment.
Reassessment of the Ni–B system supported by key experiments and first-principles calculation
Authors: Sun Wei-Hua , Du Yong , Kong Yi , Xu Hong-Hui , Xiong Wei , Liu Shu-Hong 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The Ni – B system is reassessed based on critical literature review and the results of key experiments and first-principles calculation. Eight Ni – B alloys are prepared by arc melting the pure elements. The samples are analyzed by means of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. NiB12 and NiB2 are not found in the equilibrium condition. Four invariant temperatures are measured: 1098 ± 2 °C for L ↔ fcc(Ni) + Ni3B, 1114 ± 2 °C for L ↔ Ni3B + Ni2B, 1025 ± 2 °C for L ↔ Ni2B + orthorhombic-Ni4B3 and 1044 ± 2 °C for L + βB ↔ NiB. The heat capacity of NiB is determined to be 58.46092 + 0.0012 · T – 1 597 915.59793 · T– 2 (J mol– 1 K– 1, T in Kelvin) in the temperature range from 40 to 950 °C by differential scanning calorimetry. First-principles calculation indicates that the energy of inserting a B atom into the interstitial site of the lattice for Ni atoms is lower than that of substituting for an Ni atom with a B atom. Consequently, the sublattice model (Ni) (B, Va) in which B atoms occupy the interstitial sites is employed for the fcc(Ni) phase rather than the model (Ni, B) (Va) in which B atoms substitute for Ni atoms. In addition, the enthalpies of formation for the five compounds are obtained via first-principles calculation to supplement the modeling. A self-consistent set of thermodynamic parameters for the Ni – B system is finally obtained and the calculated results show good agreement with the experimental data.
Surface tension of liquid binary alloys – theory versus experiment
Authors: Brillo J. , Chatain D. , Egry I. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
In the present study, we compare available experimental surface tension data with two theoretical concepts: the Butler equation and a multilayer model in which the surface is described as a stacking of atomic layers. The experimental data were measured systematically over a wide temperature and concentration range using electromagnetic levitation and the oscillating drop technique. Three classes of alloys are studied: alloys with rather weak or no segregation, alloys with strong segregation, and associate forming alloys.
The anatomy of the International Journal of Materials Research1 in the light of bibliometry
Authors: Marx Werner 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Bibliometric methods, in particular citation analysis, are used to evaluate the International Journal of Materials Research (IJMR) and its two predecessor journals Zeitschrift für Metallkunde (ZfM) and Internationale Zeitschrift für Metallographie (IZfM). Firstly, the coverage of the journals by the various literature databases is discussed and the number of articles per year is determined. The time evolution of the publications with respect to German and English as original languages is established and the language dependent impact is analyzed. A ranking of the most important countries of authors is given. Furthermore, the ensemble of ZfM and IJMR articles is analyzed with respect to the occurrence of substances (metals, alloys, compounds) and some subject specific terms (diffusion, microstructure, recrystallization, mechanical properties). A listing of the twenty most frequently cited articles and the citation time evolution (citation history) of the top three articles are presented. Moreover, the distribution of the citations on the articles is determined and the amount of simultaneous citations with other journals (co-citations) is given. The citing papers of the IJMR and ZfM articles are analyzed with respect to the most frequently appearing countries of authors and journals. Finally, the Journal Impact Factor (JIF), the Cited Half-Life and the Citing Half-Life as bibliometric indicators of a journal as a whole are analyzed. The meaning of the widely used JIF is discussed and hints for its careful and cautious use are given.
Verhakungen, dislocations, solitons, and kinks
Authors: Seeger Alfred 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The paper retraces, from a personal viewpoint, the development of atomistic models of dislocations in crystals from the model of Prandtl, Dehlinger, Frenkel, and Kontorova, first conceived in 1912, to recent work on kinks in dislocations. Among the topics discussed in some detail are the emergence of the theory of solitons, the rate theory of kink-pair generation, and the interplay of experiment and theory in the quantitative investigation of kinks by mechanical relaxation and flow-stress measurements. An outcome of this interplay, the determination of the planes of the elementary slip steps of screw dislocations in refractory body-centred cubic metals, has become the ‘open sesame!’ of quite a number of puzzling phenomena in which the plastic deformation of bcc metals differs from that of fcc metals and alloys. These phenomena include non-uniformities in the flow-stress – temperature relationship, anomalous slip, tension – compression asymmetry in uniaxial straining tests, alloy softening, and the enigma of ‘reversible’ vs. ‘irreversible’ γ-relaxation. The key for their understanding is a first-order transition transforming the cores of a0<111>/2 screw dislocations from a low-temperature configuration capable of slipping on {110} planes to a configuration with a {112} slip plane at elevated temperatures. Various problems needing further research are pointed out.
Study on Warpage Behavior and Filler Orientation during Injection Molding
Authors: Michii T. , Seto M. , Yamabe M. , Kubota Y. , Aoki G. , Ohtsuka H. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
In this study, the warping mechanism was examined in terms of the difference in warpage behavior due to the presence or absence of fiber filler, using a ribbed plate. It was found that the warping mechanism due to anisotropic shrinkage is caused by the filler orientation distribution and filler form, including its size and geometry. It is seen that the sensitivity (the effect of the rib thickness on the amount of warpage) increased as the glass flake content was increased in PBT-hybrid filler. From this result, the glass flake used in this study were sufficiently small and that aspect ratio was approximately 2 compared with the glass fiber (aspect ratio: 10 ∼ 20). It can be inferred therefore that the glass flake acted like spherical filler, which contributed to reducing the anisotropic shrinkage.
Effect of Compatibilizer on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of SAN/EPDM Blends
Authors: Ptiček A. , Hrnjak-Murgić Z. , Jelenčić J. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Miscibility of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) blends containing high impact polystyrene (HIPS) as a compatibilizer were studied. Blends were characterized by determination of mechanical properties, glass transition temperatures and their morphology was inspected by scanning electronic microscopy. Blends were separated into components to clarify the effects of the extrusion process and the obtained components were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and by gel permeation chromatography. It was observed that significant fraction of in situ formed graft copolymer is formed during extrusion, which contributes to the homogeneity of the studied systems. The results show finer morphology and size reduction of the dispersed phase due to enhanced interface adhesion in compatibilized blends, with enhanced mechanical properties.
Effect of Electric Current on Beads Formation in Electrospinning of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
Authors: Kadomae Y. , Amagasa M. , Sugimoto M. , Taniguchi T. , Koyama K. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We investigate effects of electric current on formations of beads in electrospinning by changing an electric conductivity of a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aqueous solution and spinning conditions, such as applied voltage, distance between a tip of needle and a collector, and relative humidity. From the results of experiments done by changing the conductivity of PVA aqueous solution and spinning conditions, we found that a beads formation is suppressed at a lower electric current. Furthermore, when the electrospinnings are performed at a certain constant electric current in various spinning conditions where the applied voltage and tip-collector distance are changed so as to give the same constant electric current, resultant PVA fibers have no beads and almost the same distribution of fiber diameter.
Ultrasound Assisted Single Screw Extrusion Process for Dispersion of Carbon Nanofibers in Polymers
Authors: Isayev A. I. , Jung C. , Gunes K. , Kumar R. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
A novel method for the continuous dispersion of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in a polymer matrix for manufacturing high performance nanocomposites was developed using an ultrasonically assisted single screw extrusion process. The effect of ultrasound on die pressure, electrical and thermal conductivity, rheological, morphological and mechanical properties of polyetherimide (PEI) filled with 1 to 20 wt.% CNFs was studied. A reduction in the die pressure and percolation threshold of CNF/PEI nanocomposites with a permanent increase in the viscosity and a permanent decrease in tan δ was achieved through ultrasonic treatment. Morphological studies of the treated nanocomposites revealed their improved homogeneity leading to an increase of the Young's modulus and electrical and thermal conductivity.
A Comparison of Statistical Process Control (SPC) and On-Line Multivariate Analyses (MVA) for Injection Molding
Authors: Kazmer D. O. , Westerdale S. , Hazen D. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Manufacturing process automation is often impeded by limitations related to automatic quality assurance. Many plastics manufacturers use univariate statistical process control (SPC) for quality control by charting the critical process states relative to defined control limits. Alternatively, principal component analysis (PCA) and projection to latent stuctures (PLS) are multivariate methods that measure the process variance by the distance to the model (DModX) and the Hotelling t-squared (T2) values. A methodology for robust model development is described to perturb the manufacturing process for process characterization based on a design of experiments; best subset analysis is used to provide an optimal set of regressors for univariate SPC. Four different statistical models were derived from the same data set for a highly instrumented injection molding process. The performance of these models was then assessed with respect to fault diagnosis and defect identification when the molding process was subjected to twelve common process faults. Across two hundred molding cycles, the univariate SPC models correctly diagnosed five of the twelve process faults with one false positive, detecting only eighteen of twenty four defective products while indicating two false positives. With the same molding cycles, PCA and PLS provided nearly identical performance by correctly diagnosing ten of the twelve process faults and detecting twenty three of the twenty four defective products; PCA indicated two false positives while PLS indicated only one false positive.
Developmental adaptation: Where we go from here
Authors: Frisancho A. Roberto 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe concept of developmental adaptation is a powerful framework that can be used for understanding the origin of population differences in phenotypic and genotypic biological traits. There is great deal of information describing how developmental responses can shape adult biological outcomes. Specifically, current research suggest that individuals developing in stressful environments such as high altitude will attain an adult enlarged residual lung volume that contribute to the successful cardiovascular adaptation of the high‐altitude Andean native. Likewise, studies on the etiology of the metabolic syndrome indicate that development under poor nutritional environments elicit efficient physiological and metabolic responses for the utilization of nutrients and energy, which become disadvantageous when the adult environmental conditions provide abundant access to food and low energy expenditure. Epigenetic research in experimental animals and retrospective research in humans confirm that environmental influences during developmental period have profound consequences on the phenotypic expression of biological and behavioral traits during adulthood. Research on epigenetics is a productive direction for human biologists concerned with understanding the origins of human biological variability. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuropsychological attention deficits in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)
Authors: de Vries Petrus J. , Gardiner Julian , Bolton Patrick F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) (OMIM191100) is a genetic disorder with multi‐system involvement including neurodevelopmental manifestations. There is great interest in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these neurobehavioral and neurocognitive manifestations. However, there are still significant gaps in knowledge about the exact neuropsychiatric phenotypes observed in TSC. Here we report on the first systematic evaluation of neuropsychological attentional skills in a population‐derived sample of children and adolescents with TSC. The study showed that, even when age, gender, IQ, and intra‐familial clustering were controlled for, the TSC group had significantly lower scores than their unaffected siblings on a range of neuropsychological attentional tasks, and that they had significantly more neuropsychological attention deficits. Eighteen of the 20 children (90%) showed deficits on one or more attentional tasks, with dual task performance most consistently impaired (85%) and visual selective attention a relative strength. Active seizures and anti‐epilepsy medication did not influence attentional profiles. Furthermore, parent rating of attention‐related behaviors were not able to identify children at risk of neuropsychological deficits. The findings suggest that clinical neuropsychological evaluation of attentional skills should be performed in children and adolescents with TSC even when they have normal global intellectual abilities, no seizures, and no disruptive behaviors. Results suggest that the mechanisms underlying these deficits may include contributions from structural, seizure‐related and molecular factors. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family risk and related education and counseling needs: Perceptions of adults with bipolar disorder and siblings of adults with bipolar disorder
Authors: Peay H.L. , Hooker G.W. , Kassem L. , Biesecker B.B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGenetics and mental health professionals increasingly provide education and counseling related to risk for psychiatric illness, but there is insufficient evidence about patient perceptions and needs to guide such interventions. Affected individuals and relatives may perceive increased family risk and have interest in genetic education and counseling. Our objectives were to explore perceptions of family vulnerability, perceived control, and coping strategies related to familial risk and needs from genetic counseling. Our methods included conducting semi‐structured interviews (n = 48) with individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) and unaffected siblings. Content analysis generated descriptive data that provide guidance for clinical interventions and themes to evaluate in future studies. The results showed that participants perceived increased personal and family risk, attributing BPD to genes and family environment. Causal attributions were often uncertain and at times inconsistent. Participants wished to modify psychiatric risk to relatives, but were uncertain how to do so; despite the uncertainty, most parents reported risk‐modification efforts. Efforts to cope with family vulnerability included monitoring and cognitive distancing. Participants endorsed the usefulness of education and psychological support, but described more ambivalence about receiving risk assessment. Educational and supportive interventions around family risk for BPD should focus on perceptions of cause and vulnerability, reproductive decision‐making, and early intervention and risk modification in young relatives. Psychological support is an important component. Providers should evaluate patient coping strategies, which could facilitate or hinder genetic counseling interventions, and should not assume interest in quantitative risk assessment. Published 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.