bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Estimate Forest Carbon for Large Areas from Inventory Data
Authors: Smith James E. , Heath Linda S. , Woodbury Peter B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Carbon sequestration through forest growth provides a low-cost approach for meeting state and national goals to reduce net accumulations of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Total forest ecosystem carbon stocks include “pools” in live trees, standing dead trees, understory vegetation, down dead wood, forest floor, and soil. Determining the level of carbon stocks in forest ecosystems has become a concern of governments, businesses, and many organizations. This article provides examples of inventory-based calculations and identifies resources that are available for analysts and planners to develop large-scale carbon estimates consistent with totals for US forests. Estimates can be based on current regional averages classified according to region, forest type, ownership, or stand size class; on stand-level inventory data, measured or calculated; or on locally specific information, such as individual tree sizes or other data acquired from sampling a specific forest.
Federal and State Influence on Community Responses to Wildfire Threats: Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico
Authors: Steelman Toddi A. , Kunkel Ginger , Bell Devona 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Federal policy has placed a priority on community-based approaches to address the wildfire risks facing communities and the environment. Federal and state governments impact considerably the resources that are available to local communities. This research identifies how federal and state agencies influence community response. Federal agencies impact communities dominantly through policy direction and the provision of financial resources. State agencies impact communities through organizational arrangements, access to funding, and programmatic decisions.
Templates for Sustainable Riparian Management on Family Forest Ownerships
Authors: Zobrist Kevin W. , Gehringer Kevin R. , Lippke Bruce R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Riparian management is challenging for family forests. Regulatory buffers can have significant economic impacts on small ownerships and may not adequately address site-specific needs. Regulations in Washington State suggest riparian management templates as a solution. We propose an approach for developing these templates that combines economic criteria with a nonparametric statistical assessment of predicted stand structure relative to performance targets. This approach can be useful for helping family forest owners in Washington and elsewhere to achieve riparian management goals while maintaining long-term economic sustainability.
Forestland Social Values and Open Space Preservation
Authors: Kline Jeffrey D. , Alig Ralph J. , Garber-Yonts Brian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Concerns have grown about the loss of forestland to development, leading to both public and private efforts to preserve forestland as open space. These lands comprise social values–ecological, scenic, recreation, and resource protection values–not typically reflected in market prices for land. When these values are present, it is up to public and private agencies to provide them in sufficient quantity. We discuss nonmarket social values in the context of forestland market values, to explain the economic rationale for public and private efforts to protect forestland as open space.
Assessing the Accuracy of Wildland Fire Situation Analysis (WFSA) Fire Size and Suppression Cost Estimates
Authors: Donovan Geoffrey H. , Noordijk Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To determine the optimal suppression strategy for escaped wildfires, federal land managers are required to conduct a wildland fire situation analysis (WFSA). As part of the WFSA process, fire managers estimate final fire size and suppression costs. Estimates from 58 WFSAs conducted during the 2002 fire season are compared to actual outcomes. Results indicate that estimates of fire size and suppression costs are systematically biased. Modifications to the WFSA process are suggested to address these problems.
Forestry in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone: Wrestling with an Invisible Rival
Authors: Nepyivoda Vasyl 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
After the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) accident, surrounding forests have served as a sink and long-term accumulator for radionuclides, preventing them from further migration. Never before has the challenge of forestry management under massive radiation impacts existed. The objectives of “Chornobyl Forest,” an enterprise responsible for forestry management within the most contaminated Exclusion Zone, not only prioritize the stabilization of radionuclides but also include the resumption of a forest-products industry. Besides the lack of scientific knowledge, the situation is aggravated by harsh budget constraints. Chornobyl Forest managed to tackle the most urgent problems and accumulate valuable experience.
Digital Forestry: A White Paper
Authors: Zhao Guang , Shao Guofan , Reynolds Keith M. , Wimberly Michael C. , Warner Tim , Moser John W. , Rennolls Keith , Magnussen Steen , Köhl Michael , Anderson Hans-Erik , Mendoza Guillermo A. , Dai Limin , Huth Andreas , Zhang Liangjun , Brey James , Sun Yujun , Ye Ronghua , Martin Brett A. , Li Fengri 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Digital Forestry has been proposed as ”the science, technology, and art of systematically acquiring, integrating, analyzing, and applying digital information to support sustainable forests.” Although rooted in traditional forestry disciplines, Digital Forestry draws from a host of other fields that, in the past few decades, have become important for implementing the concept of forest ecosystem management and the principle of sustainable forestry. Digital Forestry is a framework that links all facets of forestry information at local, national, and global levels through an organized digital network. It is anticipated that a new set of principles will be established when practicing Digital Forestry concept for the evolution of forestry education, research, and practices as the 21st century unfolds.
Economics of Intensively Managed Forest Plantations in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Murphy Glen E. , Sutton Wink R. J. , Hill Denny , Chambers Charles , Creel Dennis , Binkley Clark , New David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lower risks and higher returns favor investment in intensively managed forest plantations in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) for industrial landowners. Intensive forest plantation management is necessary if PNW industrial landowners are to compete effectively in world markets. However, not all landowner classes have the same set of management objectives, investment streams, and performance measures. For a variety of reasons, intensive forest plantation management may not be appropriate for some nonindustrial and public lands.
Forestland Parcelization in the New York City Watershed
Authors: LaPierre Seth , Germain René H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
New York City's (NYC) water supply system is the largest unfiltered surface storage and supply system in the country. Forests cover 89 percent of the Catskill/Delaware systems, with 75 percent of the forest area owned by non-industrial private forestland (NIPF) owners. The results describe the degree of parcelization on private forestlands in four of the five counties within the Catskill/Delaware systems of the NYC Watershed between 1984 and 2000. Parcelization on NIPF in the eastern half of the Catskill/Delaware systems is occurring at a rate exceeding the national average. The average parcel size is 14 acres, 10 acres below the current national average for NIPF, and already below the projected national NIPF average parcel size of 17 acres for 2010. Changes in land use and development on private lands threaten the quality of the NYC water supply.
Shade Trees and Tree Wardens: Revising the History of Urban Forestry
Authors: Ricard Robert M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The contributions that urban forestry has made to society have been increasing over the past two decades. The profession has its origins, as does forestry and other natural resource professions, in the first conservation era of the late 1800s. Tree warden laws are some of the earliest and most important urban forestry laws passed by state legislatures. The importance of public shade trees was recognized by amateur forestry activists, and public sentimentality for shade trees was used strategically by these activists as a forest policy persuasion tool.
Western Pine Forests with Continuing Frequent Fire Regimes: Possible Reference Sites for Management
Authors: Stephens Scott L. , Fulé Peter Z. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In contrast to a few isolated forests in northern Mexico, most forests in the western Untied States have been significantly modified by fire suppression, harvesting, and livestock grazing. This has increased their fire hazards and many are in need of restoration. Understanding reference conditions is challenging because we have few intact forests functioning under the continuing influence of climate variation, insects, diseases, and frequent fires. This article summarizes information from reference sites and argues for incorporating natural heterogeneity in restoration targets across similar forests in the United States.
Natural Areas and Urban Populations: Communication and Environmental Education Challenges and Actions in Outdoor Recreation
Authors: Chavez Deborah J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Challenges, opportunities, and actions exist in areas where large urban populations interface with natural areas, such as outdoor recreation sites in southern California. Challenges in the interface include intense recreation use, public safety issues, and complex information strategies. Research results on communications and environmental education offer opportunities to address information challenges. Actions taken include the use of Eco-Teams (delivers environmental messages), a forest information van (delivers information of interest to visitors), and Hawkins Natural Park in South Central Los Angeles (delivers environmental education). Each exemplifies well-planned ways to address interface issues.
Agroforestry Today: An Analysis of the 750 Presentations to the 1st World Congress of Agroforestry, 2004
Authors: Nair P.K. Ramachandran , Allen Samuel C. , Bannister Michael E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The developmental stage of a discipline can be gauged by the nature of its publications. Major themes of the 750 presentations at the 1st World Congress of Agroforestry, Orlando, Florida, 2004, were biological and ecological (28%); communication and knowledge integration (24%); and economics, marketing, and social issues (23%). The presentations related mostly (88% of total) to the tropics. About 55% of the authors came from educational institutions, 21% represented governments, and 13% represented nongovernmental organizations. The presentations showed that sustainability continued to be a major conceptual foundation of agroforestry, but there was considerable tropical-temperate contrast in efforts to attain sustainability. Although issues such as poverty alleviation, food security, and attainment of the Millennium Development Goals dominate the research and development agenda in the tropics, the focus in the temperate region is on environmental services such as carbon sequestration, water quality enhancement, and biodiversity conservation. The nature, diversity, and distribution of presentations as well as the current trends in agroforestry research suggest that agroforestry is maturing as a robust discipline.
Planning for Wildness: Aldo Leopold’s Report on Huron Mountain Club
Authors: Flaspohler David J. , Meine Curt 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aldo Leopold’s Report on Huron Mountain Club, published privately in 1938, represented a novel synthesis of emerging ideas in forestry, wildlife ecology, protected area design, and landscape-scale planning. Examination of this little-known report provides new insight into the evolution of Leopold’s thinking and the development of applied conservation science. The report emerged at a time when insights from scientific ecology were beginning to alter utilitarian and preservationist approaches to conservation and resource management in North America. In his report Leopold integrated ideas from several disciplines, producing a plan that emphasized the establishment of core and buffer zones in protected areas, reduction of overabundant native species, relaxation of predator control policies, and integration of research in the management of protected areas.
Maple Syrup Production in Ohio and the Impact of Ohio State University (OSU) Extension Programming
Authors: Graham Gary W. , Goebel P. Charles , Heiligmann Randall B. , Bumgardner Matthew S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The maple syrup industry in Ohio, which ranks fifth in total production in the United States, is comprised primarily of small family owned operations that are served by The Ohio State University (OSU) Extension system. We evaluated the effectiveness of OSU Extension educational programming designed to improve sugarbush and sugarhouse management through a survey administered at the three 2004 Ohio Maple Days workshops. Most survey respondents indicated that after attending past maple syrup workshops they implemented changes that were relatively simple and inexpensive; however, most indicated they are interested in learning more about technologies that increase production and maple syrup quality.
All-Risk Response: A Qualitative Study of the Capacity of the Wildland Fire Service
Authors: Donahue Amy K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article was prompted by the 2003 space shuttle Columbia disaster response. Twenty-one type 1 and 2 Incident Management Teams (IMT) performed a central role in the operation by directing a ground search of 680,000 ac. This article draws on the broad experiences of the IMTs that participated in the Columbia shuttle recovery to inform the future of all-risk incident management. It reports the findings of a systematic analysis of the perspectives of senior IMT members on the question: What is the capacity of the wildland IMTs to direct major all-risk responses?
Biodiversity Indicators for Sustainable Forestry: Simplifying Complexity
Authors: Hagan John M. , Whitman Andrew A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Maintaining biodiversity is a primary goal of sustainable forestry. However, maintaining “life in all its forms” can be daunting to forest managers. “Biodiversity,” as commonly defined, is simply too complex to measure or monitor. The only practical solution is to use indicators. In theory, good indicators are simple to measure and correlate with many other elements of biodiversity so they do not also have to be measured. All sustainable forestry programs use indicators; however, there is much confusion and frustration among forest managers and stakeholders about their usefulness. The primary limitation to selecting effective indicators has to do with process, not science. Here, we propose a framework for selecting biodiversity indictors that will better inform decisionmakers and stakeholders.
Guide for Classifying Lands for Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Authors: Lund H. Gyde 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recently, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has issued new Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (GPG–LULUCF), which stipulates different data analysis and reporting procedures for changes in carbon storage and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for six land classes: forest, cropland, grassland, wetland, settlements, and other lands. However, the GPG–LULUCF does not include a decision tree to support the identification and classification of lands. This is a critical first step necessary to proceed on land classification for subsequent calculation of GHG inventories. This article provides a useful decision tree and dichotomous key for classifying lands according to the GPG–LULUCF. Countries and the international community will need this tool to unify common criteria for land classification.
Firewise Activities of Full-Time versus Seasonal Residents in the Wildland-Urban Interface
Authors: Bright Alan D. , Burtz Randall T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Increased migration to rural areas in and near the wildland-urban interface has increased the complexity of wildland fire management in these areas. Creating defensible space around one's home in the wildland-urban interface is one way residents can become involved in protecting their own homes from wildland fire. Using the theory of planned behavior as a conceptual framework, this study examined differences in perceptions of and behaviors regarding the creation of defensible space between full-time and seasonal residents of the wildland-urban interface. Although general support for firewise activities was positive for both resident groups, differences existed regarding the importance of beliefs, norms, and constraints in doing the activities around one's home in the wildland-urban interface.
Challenges in Visualizing Forests and Landscapes
Authors: Wang Xianli , Song Bo , Chen Jiquan , Crow Thomas R. , LaCroix Jacob J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Landscape visualization is a useful tool in understanding forest dynamics and in assessing various management practices. However, the application of this technology remains very challenging. We propose criteria for landscape visualization so that users can judge the quality of the visualization. We also identify the challenges in developing visualizations and discuss the limitations and advantages of visualizations for basic and applied science in natural resource management. We believe that the combination of visualizations with traditional research methods will enable the decisionmaking process to become more convincing and reliable.
Forestry and Forestry Education in Afghanistan
Authors: Groninger John W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Afghanistan contains diverse natural forests and has a long history of forest utilization, irrigation silviculture, and treeplanting for amenities. Presently, the forest resources and supporting institutions are severely degraded after decades of war. Since the fall of the Taliban, rehabilitation of irrigation systems, nursery development, and treeplanting have been undertaken in support of the government's desire to recreate an agriculture- and natural resources–based economy. Students at five Afghan universities are working toward Bachelor of Science degrees in forestry. Although recovery efforts are still in their early stages and many serious challenges remain, the revitalization of Afghan forestry appears to be taking shape.
Ontario's Forest Science Research and Extension Efforts after the 1998 Ice Storm
Authors: Lautenschlager R.A. , Nielsen Cathy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The 1998 ice storm devastated major portions of south central Canada and the northeastern United States. After the storm, Ontario developed major communication and forest-focused research efforts designed to improve understanding of the short- and longer-term ecological consequences of the storm, its economic consequences, and proactive approaches that could be developed to reduce damage in the future. This article summarizes results from the major aspects of that effort: (1) communications, (2) a fertilizer/competition control experiment designed to aid sugar maple recovery and document the physiological and stand-level ecological consequences of those treatments, and (3) the consequences of both damage and postdamage management in woodlots, including plantations.
Invasive Species in the Last Frontier: Distribution and Phenology of Birch Leaf Mining Sawflies in Alaska
Authors: Snyder Cynthia , MacQuarrie Chris J.K. , Zogas Ken , Kruse James J. , Hard John 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Invasive species pose a significant threat to forested ecosystems. Within the past 10 years, three nonnative birch leaf mining sawflies have been found in Alaska: Fenusa pumila, Heterarthrus nemoratus, and Profenusa thomsoni. Damage, caused primarily by P. thomsoni, is particularly notable in urban areas where the impact of browning tree crowns in mid-to-late summer raises public concern. The initial outbreak in Anchorage in 1996 increased to more than 32,000 ac by 2003. That same year, a survey was initiated to determine the extent of leaf mining sawflies throughout most of the state. Adult emergence, flight period, and larval phenology were assessed also. Surveys done through 2006 show that P. thomsoni is present over 20% of the surveyed area with the largest contiguous population in south central Alaska and localized populations in the Fairbanks area and on the Kenai Peninsula. The spread of P. thomsoni in Alaska suggests an association between establishment of new infestations, human population centers, and major travel routes.
Financing Uruguay's Forestry Sector: Survey and Case Study
Authors: Mendell Brooks , Morales Virginia , Bennadji Zohra , Moreno Alejandro , Siry Jacek 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This project summarizes the financing and recent growth of Uruguay's forestry sector, with emphasis on the relevant businesses, associations, and investments in the context of Uruguay's Forestry Law, which encouraged large-scale forestry plantations in the 1990s through the use of subsidies, tax relief, and targeted loans. A survey of Uruguay's largest forestry entities and investors consistently singled out financing and access to capital as major challenges for Uruguayan firms relative to their competitors in larger countries with more developed capital markets. These issues associated with financing created opportunities for encouraging and attracting significant foreign direct investment in Uruguay's forest products industry. The case provides insights for countries seeking to support the expansion of forest industry investment and capacity through financing and regulatory policies.
Forest Measurement and Biometrics in Forest Management: Status and Future Needs of the Pacific Northwest USA
Authors: Temesgen Hailemariam , Goerndt Michael E. , Johnson Greg P. , Adams Darius M. , Monserud Robert A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Forest measurement and biometrics (FMB) programs have been at the heart of forestry education in North America since its beginnings at the Biltmore Forest School more than 100 years ago. Over the intervening period, the field of forestry has changed in critical ways. There are manyforest management and policy issues that, at first glance, do not appear to involve FMB but which, on further examination, are found to be closely linked. In this regard, FMB has both an “inside„ and “outside.„ The outside part faces interactions with its clients andfront-line sciences (e.g., forest ecology, silviculture, etc.) which bring new data-analytic ideas to FMB. The clients and professionals in these allied sciences need solutions to pressing quantitative questions. The inside face relates to the need to extend the structure of statistical inference,integrate emerging technologies, and adapt mathematical and statistical precepts to FMB needs. In this essay, we provide a brief overview of the current diversity of FMB applications using examples from business, policy analysis, and ecosystem and landscape analysis; offer our views on themost critical challenges facing FMB researchers and practitioners in the 21st Century; and outline ways how FMB professionals and academic forestry programs might cooperate to meet these challenges. We assert that FMB needs to be responsive to contemporary resource management challenges andaddress the many land management challenges in the Pacific Northwest and around the world.