bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency, accuracy, and health professional's perspectives regarding artificial intelligence in radiology practice: A scoping review
Authors: He Chanchan , Liu Weiqi , Xu Jing , Huang Yao , Dong Zijie , Wu You , Kharrazi Hadi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this scoping review, we evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical radiology practice and examined health professionals' perspectives regarding AI use in radiology. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological guidelines. We searched multiple databases and the gray literature from March 15, 2016 to December 31, 2023. Of 49 articles reviewed, 13 assessed the performance of AI in radiology clinical practice, and 36 examined the attitudes of health professionals toward the use of AI in radiology. In four separate studies, AI significantly improved the diagnostic sensitivity or detection rate. Furthermore, six articles emphasized a significant reduction in case reading times with AI use. Although three studies suggested an increase in specificity with the assistance of AI, these findings did not reach statistical significance. Health professionals expressed the belief that AI would have a significant impact on radiology but would not replace radiologists in the near future. Limited knowledge of AI was observed among health professionals, who supported increased education and explicit regulations and guidelines related to AI. Overall, AI can enhance diagnostic efficiency and accuracy in clinical radiology practice. However, knowledge gaps and the concerns of health professionals should be addressed by prioritizing education and reinforcing ethical and legal regulations to facilitate the advancement of AI use in radiology. This scoping review provides evidence toward a comprehensive understanding of AI's potential in clinical radiology practice, promoting its use and stimulating further discussion on related challenges and implications.
Perceptions, knowledge, and perceived barriers to practicing evidence‐based medicine among pharmacists in Japanese community hospitals: A cross‐sectional multicenter survey
Authors: Enomoto Kiichi , Hashi Hideki , Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Nakagawa Sari , Ozaki Aya F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionEvidence‐based medicine (EBM) skills are required for pharmacists. However, the current status of EBM skills and its education in Japanese pharmacists remains unknown.ObjectivesWe investigated the perceptions, knowledge, and barriers for EBM in Japanese pharmacists.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of pharmacists employed by four community hospitals in Japan. A questionnaire including 55 questions to evaluate pharmacists' perceptions, knowledge, exposure, access, terminology, and barriers for EBM was developed based on our previous research.ResultsThe questionnaire was provided to 70 pharmacists and the response rate was 90% (n = 63). Regarding the 5As (Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply, Assess) skills, only 30.2% of pharmacists were confident in their skills for Ask, 17.5% for Acquire, 19.0% for Appraise, 34.9% for Apply, and 25.4% for Assess. Additionally, although less than 20% of pharmacists felt comfortable teaching EBM to pharmacy residents and were confident to explain to others any EBM‐related terms, more than 90% of the pharmacists recognized the importance of EBM education for patient care. Furthermore, they reported many barriers to EBM, such as skills, statistical knowledge, training, English, and opportunities to practice EBM.ConclusionAlthough most Japanese pharmacists in this study were not confident in their EBM skills and in teaching them, they acknowledged the importance of EBM. Our study suggests that providing EBM training, and the clinical roles and responsibilities could address the identified barriers, such as, lack of skills, knowledge, and opportunities to practice EBM, and pharmacists could better embrace EBM in their practice to optimize patient care.
Prenatal diagnosis of cardiac papillary fibroelastoma of the aortic valve: A report of two cases
Authors: Tekin Sinem , Öcal Aydın 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn our perinatology service, we observed two cases of cardiac papillary fibroelastoma in fetuses. This case‐report focused on assessing the prenatal diagnosis and outcome of these two fetal cases in which cardiac fibroelastoma was initially identified via fetal echocardiography and subsequently confirmed by histopathological analysis.
Management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in CALR mutated post‐essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis: A case report
Authors: Cheekati Mahija , Siu KarLeung , Ochs Rachel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) results from the loss of erythrocyte surface proteins, leading to complement activation and its spectrum of effects. We explore this case of a 57‐year‐old man with post‐essential thrombocythemia (ET) myelofibrosis (MF) who developed symptomatic anemia with evidence of hemolysis on lab work. While hemolysis was localized to be intramedullary based on workup, the exact diagnosis was undetermined, leading to a prolonged course of steroid therapy to control anemia. The hemolysis was eventually attributed to PNH diagnosed on flow cytometry and the patient was treated with complement inhibitors with eventual failure of therapy. He ultimately underwent a successful hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) with post‐transplantation flow cytometry showing complete resolution of PNH. While PNH has been identified as a progression of myelodysplastic syndromes, the mechanisms of its rare development in myeloproliferative neoplasms are poorly elucidated. Furthermore, its rarity and often vague symptoms make diagnosis and treatment a challenge. This is the second reported case of a JAK2‐negative, CALR‐positive post‐ET MF and the first reported case to be treated with HCT. This case probes for further insight into the clinical significance between MF and PNH, its impact on management, and further consideration for HCT as curative therapy in such patients who fail complement inhibitor therapy.
The role of financial constraints in firm transition—Evidence from Indian manufacturing
Authors: Rabbani Golam , Raj S N Rajesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn developing countries' manufacturing, the prevalence of small firms poses a conundrum, as few successfully transition to larger categories. Scholarly attention to the reasons behind this limited upward mobility remains scarce. This study, focusing on Indian manufacturing, explores the role of limited financial access as a significant obstacle hindering small firms' transition. Analysing data spanning 2001–2016, encompassing both formal and informal firms, we find robust evidence that access to finance is crucial for small firm transition in Indian manufacturing. The findings are robust to alternate specifications and methods, and also to concerns arising from reverse causality.
Effect of electron beam irradiation on raw goat milk: microbiological, physicochemical and protein structural analysis
Authors: Wen Chunlu , Peng Yue , Zhang Linlu , Chen Ya , Yu Jiangtao , Bai Junqing , Yang Kui , Ding Wu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGoat milk is considered a nutritionally superior resource, owing to its advantageous nutritional attributes. Nevertheless, it is susceptible to spoilage and the persistence of pathogens. Electron beam irradiation stands as a promising non‐thermal processing technique capable of prolonging shelf life with minimal residue and a high degree of automation.RESULTSThe effects of electron beam irradiation (2, 3, 5, and 7 kGy) on microorganisms, physicochemical properties, and protein structure of goat milk compared with conventional pasteurized goat milk (PGM) was evaluated. It was found that a 2 kGy electron beam irradiation reduces the total microbial count of goat milk by 6‐logs, and the irradiated goat milk protein secondary structure showed a significant decrease in ɑ‐helix content. Low irradiation doses led to microaggregation and crosslinking. In contrast, high doses (≥ 5 kGy) slightly disrupted the aggregates and decreased the particle size, disrupting the microscopic surface structure of goat milk, verified by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy.CONCLUSIONThe irradiation of goat milk with a 2 kGy electron beam may effectively inactivate harmful microorganisms in the milk and maintain/or improve the physicochemical quality and protein structure of goat milk compared to thermal pasteurization. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Elective Surgery Trends and Outcomes of Nonagenarians and Centenarians in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: A NSQIP Study
Authors: Srinivasan Yashes , Briano Juan , Czaja Sara , Lachs Mark S. , Rosen Anthony E. , Stewart Michael G. , Rameau Anaïs 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo describe types and outcomes of elective otolaryngological surgeries undergone by patients ≥90 years of age and to assess whether very old age is an independent risk factor for postsurgical complications and death.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, a validated national prospective surgical outcomes database, was used to identify all patients aged 65 years and older who underwent elective otolaryngological procedures from 2011 to 2020. Study outcomes included minor complications, major life‐threatening complications, and 30‐day mortality. Predictors of outcomes, including frailty, were identified using univariable analyses and age was added into the final logistic regression models with stepwise selection.ResultsA total of 40,723 patients met inclusion criteria; 629 (1.5%) patients were ≥90 years of age. Of the 63,389 procedures, head and neck (67.6%) and facial plastics and reconstructive (15.0%) procedures were most common. The overall incidence of major life‐threatening complications, minor complications, and death was 2.0%, 3.5%, and 0.4%, respectively. Age ≥90 was significantly associated with an increased risk for 30‐day mortality, but not with major or minor postoperative complications. A high modified frailty index was significantly associated with an increased risk for major postoperative complications and death amongst patients ≥90 years.ConclusionsElective otolaryngological surgery can be safe in relatively healthy nonagenarians and centenarians, though there is a small increased risk of 30‐day mortality. Although older age can predispose patients to other comorbidities, age alone should not deter surgeons and patients from considering elective otolaryngological procedures. Frailty may be a better predictor for surgical outcomes.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 134:3989–3996, 2024
Photonic Spin‐Hall Logic Devices Based on Programmable Spoof Plasmonic Metamaterial
Authors: Jiang Zhao Qi , Li Wen Jia , Xu Zhi Xia , Tang Hua Wei , Wang Meng , Chang Jie , Ma Hui Feng , Li Yu Xiang , Zhu Zheng , Guan Chun Ying , Zhang Shuang , Shi Jin Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe entanglement of the momentum of light with its spin at interfaces or inside structured media, known as the photonic spin‐Hall effect, holds great promise for various applications, such as beam splitting, focusing, and polarization detection. However, the photonic spin‐Hall effect remains unexplored in the field of logic operation. In this work, the photonic spin‐Hall effect of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) in programmable metamaterial is demonstrated. Moreover, photonic spin‐Hall logic devices based on programmable spoof plasmonic metamaterial are designed, enabling the control of energy flow through the utilization of both spin and digital coding, with examples including SSPPs logic gates such as the “AND” gate, the “NIMPLY” gate (A AND NOT B), the “OR” gate, and the “NOT” gate. The findings introduce the combination of digital coding metamaterial with the photonic spin Hall effect, which offers a powerful and flexible platform for controlling electromagnetic waves in information processing.
Real‐Time Measurements of Photonic Microchips with Femtometer‐Scale Spectral Precision and Ultrahigh Sensitivity
Authors: Dashtabi Mahdi Mozdoor , Khoshmehr Mohammad Talebi , Nikbakht Hamed , Rodriguez Bruno Lopez , Sharma Naresh , Zadeh Iman Esmaeil , Akca B. Imran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotonic integrated circuits (PICs) are enabling breakthroughs in several areas, including quantum computing, neuromorphic processors, wearable devices, and more. Nevertheless, existing PIC measurement methods lack the spectral precision, speed, and sensitivity required for refining current applications and exploring new frontiers such as point‐of‐care or wearable biosensors. Here, the “sweeping optical frequency mixing method (SOHO)” is presented, surpassing traditional PIC measurement methods with real‐time operation, 30 dB higher sensitivity, and over 100 times better spectral resolution. Leveraging the frequency mixing process with a sweeping laser, SOHO excels in simplicity, eliminating the need for advanced optical components and additional calibration procedures. Its superior performance is demonstrated on ultrahigh‐quality factor (Q) fiber‐loop resonators (Q = 46 × 106), as well as microresonators, realized on a new optical waveguide platform. An experimental spectral resolution of 19.1 femtometers is demonstrated using an 85‐meter‐long unbalanced fiber Mach Zehnder Interferometer, constrained by noise resulting from the extended fiber length, while the theoretical resolution is calculated to be 6.2 femtometers, limited by the linewidth of the reference laser. With its excellent performance metrics, SOHO has the potential to become a vital measurement tool in photonics, excelling in high‐speed and high‐resolution measurements of weak optical signals.
Highly Birefringence‐Guided Microfiber Resonator for Ultra‐High Repetition Rate Ultrashort Pulse
Authors: Huang Xiwei , Guo Xiaoxiao , Huang Xiangzhen , Peng Fang , Li Xiaohui , Wei Zhiyi , Wang Qijie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the past, most of the introduced ultrafast pulse lasers have primarily focused on shortening cavity lengths or employing harmonic mode‐locking methods to achieve megahertz and gigahertz coherent pulses. In contrast, lasers generating pulses at terahertz repetition rates seemed to have received less attention. These pulses are crucial for applications in fields such as biological imaging, quantum computing, and atmospheric earth sciences, requiring ultra‐high repetition rates and ultrafast pulses. Here, an all‐fiber laser system is presented that generates ultra‐high repetition rate pulses. It relies on the comb‐like filtering effect of a microfiber resonator and the interaction with high birefringence. This enables the production of terahertz‐class pulses with a pulse interval of ≈290 fs, achieving a remarkable maximum repetition rate of about ≈3.448 THz. To the authors’ knowledge, this stands as the highest pulse repetition rate achievable in an all‐fiber laser. By contrast experiment, the terahertz repetition rate produced by this system is related to the length of the high‐birefringence fiber; the shorter the length, the wider the filtering spacing, and the higher the achievable repetition rate. The overall system's birefringence effect can be adjusted by two polarization controllers, allowing for a wide range of tunability in pulse repetition rates.
Neural‐Optic Co‐Designed Polarization‐Multiplexed Metalens for Compact Computational Spectral Imaging
Authors: Zhang Qiangbo , Lin Peicheng , Wang Chang , Zhang Yang , Yu Zeqing , Liu Xinyu , Lu Yanqing , Xu Ting , Zheng Zhenrong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the expanding fields of mobile technology and augmented reality, there is a growing demand for compact, high‐fidelity spectral imaging systems. Traditional spectral imaging techniques face limitations due to their size and complexity. Diffractive optical elements (DOEs), although helpful in reducing size, primarily modulate the phase of light. Here, an end‐to‐end computational spectral imaging framework based on polarization‐multiplexed metalens is introduced. A distinguishing feature of this approach lies in its capacity to simultaneously modulate orthogonal polarization channels. When harnessed in conjunction with a neural network, it facilitates the attainment of high‐fidelity spectral reconstruction. Importantly, the framework is intrinsically fully differentiable, a feature that permits the joint optimization of both the metalens structure and the parameters governing the neural network. The experimental results presented herein validate the exceptional spatial‐spectral reconstruction performance, underscoring the efficacy of this system in practical, real‐world scenarios. This innovative approach transcends the traditional boundaries separating hardware and software in the realm of computational imaging and holds the promise of substantially propelling the miniaturization of spectral imaging systems.
Factors Influencing Patient Disclosure of Parkinson's Disease Genetic Testing Results to Relatives
Authors: Schulze Jeanine , Dhaliwal Jasmine Kaur , Miller Mandy , Quinn Emily , Wetherill Leah , Cook Lola 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPersons with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have received genetic test results are faced with the decision of whether, and how, to share that information with family. Studies in other specialties have shown high rates of disclosure motivated by a sense of responsibility. Rates of, and attitudes surrounding, disclosure have yet to be reported in this population.ObjectivesTo explore the disclosure practices and motivations of patients with PD regarding genetic test results, allowing insight to guide genetic counseling and navigation of test result discussions.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was distributed to adults with PD and previous genetic test results. Survey questions assessed demographics, genetic testing results and delivery, sharing behaviors, perceptions of PD, and motivations and barriers to family disclosure.ResultsAmong respondents, 88.9% shared results with at least one family member, most often a child (73.5%) or sibling (65.4%). Seventy‐four percent reported sharing results with someone outside of their family, most frequently a friend (88.4%). The most common motivation for disclosure was the perception that family members would want to know. Barriers to disclosure were lack of close relationships, understanding results, and perceived utility.ConclusionsDisclosure rates in this PD population were consistent with those in previously reported populations. Motivations were anchored in perceptions of utility and family desire for information, suggesting a need to adjust patient education to improve retention and to explore family dynamics and perceptions of results.
Further delineation of phenotype and genotype of Kenny–Caffey syndrome type 2 (phenotype and genotype of KCS type 2)
Authors: Chen Xuefei , Zou Chaochun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundKenny–Caffey syndrome type 2 (KCS2) is an extremely rare inherited disorder characterized by proportionate short stature, skeletal defects, ocular and dental abnormalities, and transient hypocalcemia. It is caused by variants in FAM111A gene. Diagnosis of KCS2 can be challenging because of its similarities to other syndromes, the absence of clear hallmarks and the deficient number of genetically confirmed cases. Here, we aimed to further delineate and summarize the genotype and phenotype of KCS2, in order to get a better understanding of this rare disorder, and promote early diagnosis and intervention.MethodsWe present clinical and genetic characteristics of eight newly affected individuals with KCS2 from six families, including one family with three individuals found to be a father‐to‐daughter transmission, adding to the limited literature. Furthermore, we performed a review of genetically confirmed KCS2 cases in PubMed, MEDLINE and CNKI databases.ResultsThere were six females and two males in our cohort. All the patients presented with short stature (100.0%). Clinical manifestations included ocular defects such as hypermetropia (5/8), dental problems such as defective dentition (3/8) and dental caries (3/8), skeletal and brain anomalies such as delayed closure of anterior fontanelle (6/8), cerebral calcification (3/8), cortical thickening (3/8) and medullary stenosis (4/8) of tubular bones. Endocrinologic abnormalities included hypoparathyroidism (5/8) and hypocalcemia (3/8). One male patient had micropenis and microorchidism. All cases harboured missense variants of FAM111A, and nucleotides c.1706 arose as a mutational hotspot, with seven individuals harbouring a c.1706G>A (p.Arg569His) variant, and one child harbouring a c.1531T>C (p.Tyr511His) variant. Literature review yielded a total of 46 patients from 20 papers. Data analysis showed that short stature, hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia, ocular and dental defects, skeletal features including cortical thickening and medullary stenosis of tubular bones, and seizures/spasms were present in more than 70% of the reported KCS2 cases.ConclusionWe provide detailed characteristics of the largest KCS2 group in China and present the first genetically confirmed instance of father‐to‐daughter transmission of KCS2. Our study confirms that Arg569His is the hot spot variant and summarizes the typical phenotypes of KCS2, which would help early diagnosis and intervention.
Analysis of flap thickness to breast projection ratio correlating to body mass index and age in east Asian women: Considerations in flap selection in breast reconstruction
Authors: Kim Hyung Bae , Kim Young Song , Eom Jin Sup , Han Hyun Ho 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeveral alternative flaps have been introduced and used for autologous breast reconstruction. However, as body fat distribution is different among patients, the donor of choice for sufficient breast projection varies between patients.MethodsPatients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction from Jan 2018 to Sep 2022 were included. Age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history and hypertension, and diabetes occurrence were collected as baseline demographic data. Breast projection with five types of flap thickness was measured based on computed tomography angiography. Analysis was performed for five major autologous flaps for breast reconstruction.ResultsA total of 563 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 47.4 ± 7.9 (standard deviation; SD) years. The mean BMI of the patients was 24.0 ± 3.4 kg/m2. Only the correlation between flap thickness to breast projection ratio and age in the PAP flap illustrated statistical significance (p = .039), but the correlation coefficient was quite low (r = −0.087). Slim patients who had lower BMIs (under 25 kg/m2) had significantly higher sufficient flap thickness for breast reconstruction than patients with higher BMIs over 25 kg/m2 in the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap (p < .001), the lumbar artery perforator (LAP) flap (p < .001), and the superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap (p < .001).ConclusionsThe deep inferior epigastric perforator flap provided sufficient thickness and was not usually affected by age and BMI. The PAP, LAP, and SGAP flaps tended to maintain the thickness of the flap even when BMI decreased, so they are advantageous for reconstruction in slim patients. This study contributes evidence in consideration of flap selection in autologous breast reconstruction.