bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of atrial fibrillation phenotype and left atrial volume on outcome after pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Chollet Laurève , Iqbal Salik ur Rehman , Wittmer Severin , Thalmann Gregor , Madaffari Antonio , Kozhuharov Nikola , Galuszka Oskar , Küffer Thomas , Gräni Christoph , Brugger Nicolas , Servatius Helge , Noti Fabian , Haeberlin Andreas , Roten Laurent , Tanner Hildegard , Reichlin Tobias 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is increasingly performed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Both AF phenotype and left atrial (LA) volume have been shown to influence ablation outcome. The inter-relationship of the two is incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate the impact of AF phenotype vs. LA volume on outcome after PVI.

Methods and results
In a retrospective analysis of a prospective registry of patients undergoing a first PVI, the association of AF phenotype and LA volume index (LAVI) was assessed as well as their impact on AF recurrence during follow-up. Overall, 476 patients were enrolled (median age 63 years, 29% females, 65.8% paroxysmal AF). Obesity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure were all significantly more frequent in persistent AF. After 1 year, single-procedure, freedom from arrhythmia recurrence was 61.5%. Patients with paroxysmal AF had better outcomes compared with patients with persistent AF (65.6 vs. 52.7%, P = 0.003), as had patients with no/mild vs. moderate/severe LA dilation (LAVI &lt;42 mL/m2 67.1% vs. LAVI ≥42 mL/m2 53%, P &lt; 0.001). The combination of both parameters refined prediction of 1-year recurrence (P &lt; 0.001). After adjustment for additional clinical risk factors in multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis, both AF phenotype and LAVI ≥42 mL/m2 contributed significantly towards the prediction of 1-year recurrence.

Conclusion
Atrial fibrillation phenotype and LA volume are independent predictors of outcome after PVI. Persistent AF with no/mild LA dilation has a similar risk of recurrence as paroxysmal AF with a moderate/severe LA dilation and should be given similar priority for ablation.
Insects and Leaf Area Losses of Planted Northern Red Oak Seedlings in an Ozark Forest
Authors: Linit M. J. , Johnson P. S. , McKinney R. A. , Kearby W. H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Insects representing 25 families from six orders were associated with northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings planted in clearcut and partially cut plots. Most insect taxa were equally represented in both plot types. However, three of the most abundant insects were found in only one plot type: Cyrtepistomus castaneus (Roelofs) and Limonius spp. in partial cuts and Attelabus bipustulatus Fabricius in clearcuts. Linear regression equations were derived for estimating leaf area before defoliation from either leaf length or petiole diameter. Oak seedlings in clearcuts had twice the number of leaves and potential standing leaf area as seedlings in partial cuts throughout the growing season. Leaf area losses in both overstory types averaged about 22 percent of potential standing leaf area by 30 October. Forest Sci. 32:11-20.
Oak Regeneration After Clear Felling in Southwest Virginia
Authors: Ross Michael S. , Sharik Terry L. , Smith David Wm. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Oak advance regeneration and stump sprouts were studied during a 2- to 3-year period after clear felling and whole-tree removal in ten midslope stands in the Ridge and Valley Physiographic Province of southwest Virginia. Site quality ranged from poor (oak site index 8-16 m, base age 50) to medium (site index 17-22 m). Chestnut oak was the dominant oak species in most pre-harvest stands. Two years after clear felling, chestnut oak also had a higher density of advance regeneration, a higher frequency of stump sprouting, and greater sprout growth per stump than scarlet or black oak. However, shoot growth of advance regeneration following clear felling did not differ among oak species after correcting for initial stem size and vigor. Both height increase and diameter growth of oak advance regeneration during the 2-year post-harvest period were significantly greater on medium sites than on poor sites, and stump sprouts were taller on medium sites. Regression equations for predicting 2-year stump sprout growth from characteristics of the parent tree usually explained less than 40 percent of the variation among stumps, while equations for predicting 2-year growth of advance regeneration from pre-harvest measurements accounted for as much as 82 percent of total variation. Density of well-established oak advance regeneration 3 years after clear felling was greatest in stands of site index 17-20 m, and decreased on both better and poorer sites. The success of advance oak regeneration following clear felling was most highly correlated with pre-harvest advance regeneration density when small stems (i.e., &lt;30 cm tall) as well as larger stems were included in the pre-harvest inventory. Forest Sci. 32: 157-169.
Estimates of Genetic Parameters for Deer Browsing of Douglas-fir
Authors: Silen Roy R. , Randall William K. , Mandel Nancy L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This report evaluates genetic variation in wintertime deer browsing among full-sib families of Douglas-fir. Cuttings of 10-year-old progeny of a mating of six trees as females crossed with 11 trees as males provided estimates of heritability, combining ability, and genetic gain in browsing resistance. Open-pollinated progeny and cuttings from parent trees were also included in the study. An average of 46 percent of the cuttings were browsed after 38 days exposure. Browsing among seedling families ranged from 39 to 69 percent. Sixty-five percent of the total genetic variation was additive. Reciprocal, maternal, and specific combining ability components were nonsignificant. Family heritability was estimated at 0.73. Gain per generation, based on selecting 10 percent of the most resistant families, was estimated at 11 percent. Forest Sci. 32:178-184.
Characterizing Diameter Distributions with Modified Data Types and Forms of the Weibull Distribution
Authors: Zutter B. R. , Oderwald R. G. , Murphy P. A. , Farrar R. M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Complete, left censored, and left truncated data fitted with a two-parameter complete Weibull distribution were compared for characterizing complete diameter distributions. The complete data provided the best fit, followed by the censored and truncated data. As the intensity of censoring and truncation increased distribution description was generally poorer. The use of left truncated data was judged unacceptable. Left censored data appears to be a reasonable alternative to complete data. In field applications collection of left censored data would reduce measurement time. Complete, left censored, and left truncated data fitted with a two-parameter complete Weibull and left truncated data fitted with a two-parameter left truncated Weibull were compared for characterizing left truncated diameter distributions. The left truncated data fitted with a left truncated Weibull performed best, but no data type-distribution combination worked well for inverse j-shape distributions. Forest Sci. 32:37-48.
Complex Compatible Taper and Volume Estimation Systems for Red and Loblolly Pine
Authors: Byrne John C. , Reed David D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Five equation systems are described which can be used to estimate upper stem diameter, total individual tree cubic-foot volume, and merchantable cubic-foot volumes to any merchantability limit (expressed in terms of diameter or height), both inside and outside bark. The equations provide consistent results since they are mathematically related and are fit using stem analysis data from plantation-grown red and loblolly pine. Comparisons are made to determine which equation system provides the best overall fit to a set of validation data for each species. Results indicate that a system based on a segmented taper equation outperformed all other systems for both species. Forest Sci. 32:423-443.
Simulation Studies on Line Intersect Sampling of Forest Residue, Part II
Authors: Hazard John W. , Pickford Stewart G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A simulation study was conducted to establish the statistical properties of line intersect sampling of forest residue on cable-logged and tractor-logged populations. These two distinctly patterned populations were described and reproduced in the computer by mathematical functions. Systematic grid sampling of clusters of one, two, and three lines with random and systematic orientation was performed.
Three sampling allocation strategies were used to compare systematic grid sampling with random sampling; one-, two-, and three-line clusters; and systematic orientation with random orientation. The strategies studied were maximum precision for fixed total cost, fixed total length of transect, and fixed number of sample points (line clusters).
The authors recommend systematic grid sampling of forest residues from cable logging. Either two- or three-line clusters at each grid point (line orientations of 90 or 120 degrees, respectively) axe most efficient: two-line clusters for controlling precision when total cost and total transect length are fixed; three-line clusters when the number of grid points is fixed.
For sampling tractor-logged residues with a fixed total length of transect, we recommend sampling with one randomly located and oriented transect line per sample point. Otherwise, we recommend systematic sampling with two or three lines (at 90 and 120 degrees, respectively). Lines should be randomly oriented. Three lines are recommended for a strategy of fixed number of sample points, and two lines for a fixed cost strategy. Forest Sci. 32:447-470.
Regeneration and Growth After Logging Florida Pondcypress Domes
Authors: Terwilliger Valery J. , Carter Ewel Katherine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recovery of vegetation after logging 16 small (1-5 ha), undrained pondcypress domes in north central Florida was analyzed. One dome was undisturbed and the others had been logged from a few months to 45 years before the study began. Densities of young (&lt;2 yr old) pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var. nutans (Ait.) Sweet) were higher in domes that were recently logged than in older domes, whereas densities of other young woody plants were similar regardless of when a dome had been logged. Pondcypress saplings were significantly more abundant in domes logged 3 years before the study, and had sprouted after the domes were logged. There were no striking differences in canopy composition between older (15-45 yr) logged domes and historical descriptions of unlogged domes. In general, no differences in tree species composition (importance values, relative and absolute densities, frequencies and dominances of major species, and species diversity) were found among the domes. Also, selective logging did not result in a growth release among remaining trees. Over a period of 45 years or less, pondcypress domes appeared to recover their original basal area and dominance after selective logging and clearcutting. Forest Sci. 32: 493-506.
Lateral Root Morphology as an Expression of Sweetgum Seedling Quality
Authors: Kormanik Paul P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sweetgum seedlings from four open pollinated mother trees were grown in nursery beds infested with one of four vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, and with available soil P levels (Bray II) adjusted to 50 ppm. Comparable beds had no VAM fungi present but had their available soil P levels adjusted to about 75, 100, 200, and 300 ppm. When lifted, the seedlings were placed in one of three morphological grades based upon number of permanent lateral roots exceeding 1 mm in diameter: Grade 1 seedlings had more than six roots; grade 2 between four and six roots; grade 3 had fewer than four roots. Approximately 50 percent of all seedlings fell within the inferior root grade 3 classification. Nursery mycorrhizal condition and phosphorus fertilization had no affect upon lateral root morphology of seedlings from the four seedlots. No significant biological differences in seedling heights were observed among the different root grades at lifting but root collar diameter (RCD) varied significantly among the grades in order: grade 1 &gt; grade 2 &gt; grade 3. One year after outplanting, effects of root grade were significant for both height and RCD: grade 1 &gt; grade 2 &gt; grade 3. Early first year seedling dieback and first year survival varied significantly among grades. Dieback percentages for grades 1, 2, and 3 were 41, 67, and 89 percent; survival averages for grades 1, 2, and 3 were 79, 67, and 51 percent. These data suggest that number of lateral roots on a sweetgum nursery seedling is an indicator of probable performance after outplanting. Forest Sci. 32:595-604.
Clearcutting Northern Hardwoods: Effects on Hydrologic and Nutrient Ion Budgets
Authors: Hornbeck J. W. , Martin C. W. , Pierce R. S. , Bormann F. H. , Likens G. E. , Eaton J. S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Two evenaged management systems, progressive strip cutting and block clearcutting, have been studied since 1970 on small watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. In the progressive strip cutting, all merchantable trees were harvested in a series of three strips over 4 years (1970-74). In the block clearcutting, all trees were harvested in a single operation in 1970. Block cutting caused an increase in water yield of 673 mm over 10 years compared to an increase of 397 mm for strip cutting. Maximum annual increases were 278 mm in the first year after block cutting versus 114 mm in the third year of the strip cutting sequence (two-thirds of watershed harvested). Nearly all of the increases on both watersheds occurred during the growing season months of June through September. For the 10-year period after strip cutting, nutrients lost as dissolved ions in streamflow were increased by 27 kg ha-1 for Ca2+, 30 kg ha-1 for K+, and 22 kg ha-1 for N. Corresponding increases after block clearcutting were 40 kg ha-1; for Ca2+, 48 kg ha-1 for K+, and 59 kg ha-1 for N. The combined losses of nutrients to product removal and increased leaching did not exceed 3 percent of preharvest capital for any of the nutrients studied. The losses assume greater importance when contrasted with plant-available capitals of nutrients. However, with careful logging and continued use of intervals of 70 to 120 years between harvests, clearcutting of northern hardwoods should not have adverse impacts on site nutrient capital. Forest Sci. 32:667-686.
A Growth Model for Mixed Species Stands
Authors: Lynch Thomas B. , Moser John W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A technique for predicting stand tables for each of two species groups in a mixed species stand was developed. Future stand conditions for each species group are determined by integrating a system of differential equations which relate rates of change in per acre values of basal area, sum of diameters, and numbers of trees to current amounts of basal area, sum of diameters, and numbers of trees. Solutions to the system at future times include estimates of basal area, sum of diameters, and number of trees for each species group. Parameter recovery is used to obtain the Weibull diameter distribution parameters for each species group, which are used to develop predicted stand tables. Forest Sci. 32:697-706.
A Nonlinear Programming Approach to Stand Optimization
Authors: Roise Joseph P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The stand management decision problem is formulated as a constrained nonlinear program. Constraints inherent to the production system are part of the production function and can be incorporated into the objective function. If there are no constraints from external sources the problem is an unconstrained nonlinear program. Three nonlinear programming (NP) techniques and discrete dynamic programming (DP) are compared for their relative efficiency in solving an example problem. The three NP techniques are the simplex method of Nelder and Mead, Hook and Jeeves' method, and Powell's method. Hook and Jeeves' and Powell's method are computationally more efficient techniques. Discrete DP optima did not compare favorably with NP optima. Forest Sci. 32:735-748.
Uptake and Phytotoxicity of Selenium in Black Cherry and White Ash Seedlings
Authors: Angradi Theodore R. , Tzilkowski Walter M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Uptake and phytotoxicity of soil-applied sodium selenite in black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) and white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings were evaluated in a greenhouse study. For both species, foliar concentration of selenium was positively related to treatment level and elapsed time from treatment. Selenium toxicity was observed at all treatment levels in both species. Fifty percent mortality occurred at foliar Se concentrations exceeding 10 and 90 ppm dry weight basis in black cherry and white ash, respectively. At soil treatment levels &gt; 10 ppm Se, dry weight basis, cherry diameter growth was reduced. Forest Sci. 32:806-811.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Even-Aged and Uneven-Aged Stand Management
Authors: Haight Robert G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The first part of this paper describes a general investment model for stand management. The objective of the model is to find the sequences of diameter-class harvesting rates and planting intensities that maximize the present value of an existing stand. Since the model includes the problems of converting the initial stand to plantation management and converting the stand to steady-state uneven-aged management as special cases, the model provides a unifying framework for comparing three measures of management system efficiency: forest value, land expectation value, and managed forest value. When maximum present value is the efficiency criterion, forest value, which measures the present value of conversion and steady-state management for both even-aged and uneven-aged systems, is the correct measure for evaluating the efficiency of these systems. Determining the most efficient system by comparing land expectation values is correct in a special case. Managed forest value measures the present value of steady-state management and should not be used to evaluate the efficiency of management systems that include both conversion and steady-state management policies. In the second part of the paper, the investment model is coupled with equations for recruitment, growth, and valuation developed for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) in Arizona to demonstrate that gradient techniques can be used to solve for optimal harvesting and planting regimes. The case study emphasizes that, in general, constrained management regimes that involve clearcutting and planting are suboptimal relative to the optimal solution to the more general investment model, which may involve selection harvesting and uneven-aged management. For. Sci. 33(1):116-134.
Efficient Specification and Solution of the Even-aged Rotation and Thinning Problem
Authors: Paredes V. Gonzalo L. , Brodie J. Douglas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dynamic programming is frequently used for stand level optimization. In recent years, solution methods have been made available for a number of growth models. However, increasingly complex growth models require network specifications with high dimensionality and its associated high computational cost.
This paper presents a more efficient solution algorithm that overcomes the computational burdens of the traditional dynamic programming approach. The algorithm is described using LaGrange multipliers and network theory.
An illustrative example is presented, and the computational efficiency of the new method is demonstrated by comparing its performance with an existing dynamic programming algorithm. The scope of applicability of the proposed method is discussed as well as aspects requiring further analysis and research. For. Sci. 33(1):14-29.
Compatible Basal Area and Diameter Distribution Models for Thinned Loblolly Pine Plantations in Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: McTague John P. , Bailey Robert L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A simultaneous basal area growth and yield model based on diameter percentiles is developed. It is suggested that the diameter distribution percentiles essentially provide a description of the past stand history. The subsequent growth of a thinned or unthinned stand is affected by the shape and position of the diameter distribution percentiles. A noniterative technique is demonstrated for recovering the Weibull distribution parameters and generating a diameter distribution consistent with basal area. For. Sci. 33(1):43-51.
Plant—Water Relationships and Growth of Black Walnut in a Walnut-Forage Multicropping Regime
Authors: Dey D. , Conway M. R. , Garrett H. E. , Hinckley T. S. , Cox G. S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Eastern black walnut seedlings were planted on a 1.5 x 1.5 m spacing in the spring of 1976 and irrigated throughout the growing season. During the spring of 1977, forage plots consisting of Kentucky 31 tall fescue, orchard grass, or Kobe lespedeza measuring 1 m wide and 10.2 m long and centered on a row of trees, were established with and without irrigation. Soil-water relationships measured throughout the 1977 growing season demonstrated lower Ψs, on the average, in irrigated than in nonirrigated plots during drought periods. Differences were attributed to the greater physiological vigor, thus greater transpiration, of forages growing under irrigated conditions. At the 45 cm depth, Ψs dropped to a low during August of -3.0 MPa with irrigation and only -0.8 MPa without. Predawn xylem pressure potentials of walnut seedlings however, were consistently lower on forage plots without irrigation. Significant decreases in dry weights of walnut grown with forages were associated with reductions in Ψ1 and increases in anthracnose infection. For. Sci. 33(1):70-80.
Response of Longleaf, Sand, and Loblolly Pines to Pisolithus Ectomycorrhizae and Fertilizer on a Sandhills Site in South Carolina
Authors: Hatchell Glyndon E. , Marx Donald H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Barefoot seedlings were established on a deep sandy soil to test the responses of three pine species with ectomycorrhizae formed by Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) or naturally occurring fungi in the nursery and with one of three fertilizer treatments applied during planting. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) had better survival and growth with Pt through seven growing seasons, but the effect of fertilizer was not significant for either ectomycorrhizal condition. Pisolithus tinctorius significantly increased the percentage of longleaf seedlings in active height growth after 3 years. Pisolithus tinctorius significantly improved growth of Choctawhatchee sand pine (P. clausa var. immuginata D. B. Ward) through 4 growing seasons, but survival of this species exhibited a significant interaction of ectomycorrhizal and fertilizer treatments. Pisolithus tinctorius significantly improved survival and growth of loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) only in the first growing season, and this species responded significantly to fertilizer in terms of increased survival and early growth. Ranking of 3- to 7-year growth of the three species was sand pine &gt; loblolly pine &gt; longleaf pine. Longleaf and Choctawhatchee sand pines, which are well adapted to sandy sites and are resistant to fusiform rust infection, are good choices for planting on deep sandy soils in the South Carolina sand-hills. For. Sci. 33(2):301-315.