bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical Surgical Resection of Locally Invasive Oro‐Cutaneous Tumors in the Buccal Region of 2 Horses
Authors: LYKKJEN SIGRID , STRAND ERIC , ANDREAS HAGA HENNING , LIE KAI INGE 
Published: May 2006

Objective—To report treatment and wound healing after radical surgical mass excision in the equine buccal region.Study Design—Clinical case reports.Animals—An 11‐year‐old Warmblood gelding and a 9‐year‐old Norwegian Trotter gelding.Methods—Large tumoral masses were removed from the buccal region by radical electrosurgery, creating large defects into the oral cavity. Wound ultimately healed by second intention.Results—Buccal defects in both horses healed well by second intention without tumor recurrence.Conclusions—Locally invasive tumors involving the cheek region of the horse can be successfully treated by radical electroexcision alone, creating transmural defects up to 14 cm length × 8 cm height.Clinical Relevance—Large transmural defects in the cheek region of the horse, formed by radical surgery can heal satisfactorily by second intention healing without undue discomfort to the patient or major complications.
Evaluation of a Vessel‐Sealing Device for Laparoscopic Granulosa Cell Tumor Removal in Standing Mares
Authors: HUBERT JEREMY D. , BURBA DANIEL J. , MOORE RUSTIN M. 
Published: May 2006

Objective—To describe a laparoscopic technique for granulosa cell tumor removal using a vessel sealing device (LigaSure™) in standing mares.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Eight mares (8–24 years old; weighing, 406–525 kg).Methods—Before surgery, ovarian size and adjacent body wall thickness was determined by ultrasonography. Mares were sedated and after local anesthesia (inverted L and local infiltration), laparoscopic cannulation was performed without insufflation. The mesovarium was anesthetized and the LigaSure instrument applied to the mesovarium for hemostasis and resection to remove the affected ovary. Mares were hospitalized for 24 hours before discharge.Results—Median ovarian diameter was 10.5 cm (range, 6–14 cm). Median surgery time was 75 minutes (range, 40–180 minutes). Hemostasis was achieved using the LigaSure device in all mares. Median length of the abdominal wall incision made to remove the ovary was 13 cm (range, 5–17 cm); no incisional complications occurred.Conclusions—The LigaSure vessel sealing device provided adequate hemostasis for removal of larger neoplastic ovaries in standing mares.Clinical Relevance—Concerns of ligature placement can be alleviated by use of the LigaSure device and standing laparoscopic technique provides excellent observation of the surgical field ensuring hemostasis.
Comparison of Right Atrium Incision and Right Ventricular Outflow Incision for Surgical Repair of Membranous Ventricular Septal Defect Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Dogs
Authors: SHIMAMURA SHUNSUKE , KUTSUNA HIROMI , SHIMIZU MIKI , KOBAYASHI MASAYUKI , HIRAO HIDEHIRO , TANAKA RYOU , TAKASHIMA KAZUAKI , MACHIDA NOBORU , YAMANE YOSHIHISA 
Published: May 2006

Objective—To compare right atrium incision (RAI) and right ventricular outflow incisions (RVI) for surgical repair of membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) facilitated by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Dogs (n=10) with VSD.Methods—Medical records of dogs that had VSD repair were reviewed. Membranous VSD without any malformation and abnormality was confirmed on several clinical examinations and by angiocardiography. RAI (5 dogs) and RVI (5 dogs) was used for VSD access and repair facilitated by CPB. Procedure comparison was by surgical duration, postoperative recovery period, and occurrence of postoperative arrhythmia.Results—Duration of surgery was similar for RAI and RVI; however, postoperative recovery time was significantly reduced with RAI. Significant moderate operative damage occurred with right atrium incision.Conclusions—Right atrium incision was more effective than RVI for repair of membranous VSD using CPB.Clinical Relevance—RAI should be considered in preference to RVI for repair of membranous VSD using CPB.
Quantification of Surgical Blood Loss
Authors: LEE MARCEL H. , INGVERTSEN BRITT T. , KIRPENSTEIJN JOLLE , JENSEN ASGER L. , KRISTENSEN ANNEMARIE T. 
Published: May 2006

Objective—To compare gravimetric and colorimetric methods of quantifying surgical blood loss, and to determine if there is a correlation between preoperative hemostatic tests (buccal mucosa bleeding time [BMBT] and intraoperative blood loss).Study Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—Dogs (n=15) admitted for cutaneous tumor excision, orthopedic procedure, or exploratory laparotomy.Methods—Intraoperative blood loss was quantified by measuring irrigation fluid and weighing surgical sponges used for blood and fluid collection during surgery. Results of gravimetric measurements were then correlated to blood loss quantified using spectrophotometric analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) content. Hemostatic variables including BMBT were measured before surgery and compared with the calculated amount of blood loss.Results—Blood loss quantified by gravimetric measurement showed a significant correlation with colorimetric determination of Hb content in surgical sponges and collected irrigation fluid (r=0.93,P<.0001). BMBT correlated weakly but significantly with intraoperative blood loss (r=0.56,P<.05).Conclusions—Quantifying intraoperative blood loss using spectrophotometric Hb analysis accurately assessed the amount of blood loss; however, it is a time‐consuming procedure, primarily applicable as a research tool. Gravimetric evaluation of intraoperative blood loss was found to be an accurate method, which can be recommended for use in a clinical setting.Clinical Relevance—Estimation of blood loss using a gravimetric method is accurate and applicable in the clinical setting and provides surgeons with a simple and objective tool to evaluate intraoperative blood loss.
EFFECT OF MANNITOL TREATMENT ON ULTRASOUND EMISSION DURING TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS OF POTATO AND APPLE TISSUE
Authors: ZDUNEK ARTUR , BEDNARCZYK JUSTYNA 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT An ultrasound acoustic emission (AE) signal was recorded during texture profile analysis (TPA) of potato and apple tissue with different texture. The acoustic sensor was in contact with the sample through solid medium. Texture of the tissue was controlled by soaking it in different mannitol solutions. Both TPA and AE parameters change with the texture of potato and apple samples. However, correlation coefficients of linear regression of acoustic parameters are higher than TPA parameters and all of them are significant at a higher confidence level. Critical stress and strain indicate micro‐cracking of the material and they increase with decreasing tissue turgor. The ratio of the critical stress to hardness allows an analysis of sound duration. The sound lasts longer when the tissue is more turgid as a result of the decrease of critical stress to hardness ratio. Counts of AE recorded in the whole TPA test decreased logarithmically with tissue osmolality. The article showed that contact AE can be used for texture evaluation of potato and apple tissue.
On the maximal cliques in c-max-tolerance graphs and their application in clustering molecular sequences
Authors: Lehmann Katharina A , Kaufmann Michael , Steigele Stephan , Nieselt Kay 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Given a set S of n locally aligned sequences, it is a needed prerequisite to partition it into groups of very similar sequences to facilitate subsequent computations, such as the generation of a phylogenetic tree. This article introduces a new method of clustering which partitions S into subsets such that the overlap of each pair of sequences within a subset is at least a given percentage c of the lengths of the two sequences. We show that this problem can be reduced to finding all maximal cliques in a special kind of max-tolerance graph which we call a c-max-tolerance graph. Previously we have shown that finding all maximal cliques in general max-tolerance graphs can be done efficiently in O(n
3 + out). Here, using a new kind of sweep-line algorithm, we show that the restriction to c-max-tolerance graphs yields a better runtime of O(n
2 log n + out). Furthermore, we present another algorithm which is much easier to implement, and though theoretically slower than the first one, is still running in polynomial time. We then experimentally analyze the number and structure of all maximal cliques in a c-max-tolerance graph, depending on the chosen c-value. We apply our simple algorithm to artificial and biological data and we show that this implementation is much faster than the well-known application Cliquer. By introducing a new heuristic that uses the set of all maximal cliques to partition S, we finally show that the computed partition gives a reasonable clustering for biological data sets.
Chronic Stress, Depression, and Cortisol Levels as Risk Indicators of Elevated Plaque and Gingivitis Levels in Individuals Aged 50 Years and Older
Authors: Hugo Fernando N. , Hilgert Juliana B. , Bozzetti Mary C. , Bandeira Denise R. , Gonçalves Tonantzin R. , Pawlowski Josiane , de Sousa Maria da Luz R. 
Published: May 2006

Background: The role of psychoneuroimmunological factors in oral hygiene has been overlooked in the dental literature. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of stress, depression, and cortisol levels in dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis in a population of individuals aged ≥50 years.Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, 230 subjects, selected from caregivers of demented patient groups and from social activities groups of Porto Alegre, Brazil, were evaluated. Stress was evaluated with the Lipp stress inventory, whereas depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck depression inventory. Three saliva samples (at 8, 12, and 20 hours) were collected for cortisol analysis by means of radioimmunoassay. Cortisol levels were expressed as the area under the curve of the three samples for each patient. Multivariate logistic regression was performed with the visible plaque index and gingival bleeding index as outcomes.Results: The mean age of subjects was 61.6 ± 8.2 years, mean monthly income in United States dollars (US$) was US$668 ± 590, and mean cortisol level was 22.1 ± 33.7 nmol/l. A total of 51.5% of the individuals were caregivers; 9.4% were smokers, and 25.5% used interdental floss/brush. Being a caregiver (odds ratio [OR] = 3.97; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.08 to 7.54), using an interdental brush (OR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.47), cortisol (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.81), and stress (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.02) were all significantly associated with visible plaque index >mean (43%). Being a caregiver (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.13 to 4.86), using an interdental brush (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.77), smoking (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.89), stress (OR = 1.78; 95% CI =1.31 to 2.38), and visible plaque index (mean) (OR = 12.87; 95% CI = 6.29 to 26.31) were significantly associated with a gingival bleeding index > mean (37%).Conclusion: Stress was a significant risk indicator of elevated levels of plaque and gingivitis, whereas cortisol was a risk indicator of plaque in the sample after controlling for confounders.
Cessation of Hormone Replacement Therapy After Reports of Adverse Findings From Randomized Controlled Trials: Evidence From a British Birth Cohort
Authors: Mishra Gita , Kok Helen , Ecob Russell , Cooper Rachel , Hardy Rebecca , Kuh Diana 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. We examined the cessation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among British women, by educational level, social class, and cardiovascular risk factors, at the time of publicity about 2 clinical trials of HRT that were halted after adverse findings. Methods. A total of 1387 women aged 57 years reported their monthly HRT use between January 2002 and February 2003. A succession of regression-based time-series models were fitted to detect changes in the proportion of HRT users stratified by education level, social class, hypertension, and obesity. Results. The overall percentage of HRT users declined from 31% in January 2002 to less than 26% by February 2003. Changes in trends of HRT use were first detected in June 2002 (for women with advanced secondary educational qualification or higher) and in July 2002 (for all other groups). The rate of decline was greatest for women with no formal educational qualifications, from the manual social class, or who were hypertensive or obese. Conclusions. These decreases coincided with the announced cessation of a large US clinical trial of HRT. This publicity may have had a differential influence on the immediate decline in HRT use by various groups of British women.
Formatted anti–tumor necrosis factor α VHH proteins derived from camelids show superior potency and targeting to inflamed joints in a murine model of collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Coppieters Ken , Dreier Torsten , Silence Karen , Haard Hans De , Lauwereys Marc , Casteels Peter , Beirnaert Els , Jonckheere Heidi , Wiele Christophe Van De , Staelens Ludovicus , Hostens Jeroen , Revets Hilde , Remaut Erik , Elewaut Dirk , Rottiers Pieter 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe advent of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–blocking drugs has provided rheumatologists with an effective, but highly expensive, treatment for the management of established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to explore preclinically the application of camelid anti‐TNF VHH proteins, which are single‐domain antigen binding (VHH) proteins homologous to human immunoglobulin VHdomains, as TNF antagonists in a mouse model of RA.MethodsLlamas were immunized with human and mouse TNF, and antagonistic anti‐TNF VHH proteins were isolated and cloned for bacterial production. The resulting anti‐TNF VHH proteins were recombinantly linked to yield bivalent mouse and human TNF‐specific molecules. To increase the serum half‐life and targeting properties, an anti–serum albumin anti‐TNF VHH domain was incorporated into the bivalent molecules. The TNF‐neutralizing potential was analyzed in vitro. Mouse TNF‐specific molecules were tested in a therapeutic protocol in murine collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). Disease progression was evaluated by clinical scoring and histologic evaluation. Targeting properties were evaluated by99mTc labeling and gamma camera imaging.ResultsThe bivalent molecules were up to 500 times more potent than the monovalent molecules. The antagonistic potency of the anti‐human TNF VHH proteins exceeded even that of the anti‐TNF antibodies infliximab and adalimumab that are used clinically in RA. Incorporation of binding affinity for albumin into the anti‐TNF VHH protein significantly prolonged its serum half‐life and promoted its targeting to inflamed joints in the murine CIA model of RA. This might explain the excellent therapeutic efficacy observed in vivo.ConclusionThese data suggest that because of the flexibility of their format, camelid anti‐TNF VHH proteins can be converted into potent therapeutic agents that can be produced and purified cost‐effectively.
Functional assay of type I interferon in systemic lupus erythematosus plasma and association with anti–RNA binding protein autoantibodies
Authors: Hua Jing , Kirou Kyriakos , Lee Christina , Crow Mary K. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectivePeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have increased expression of genes typically induced by type I interferon (IFN). However, it has been difficult to identify and quantify the factors responsible for activation of the IFN pathway in SLE. To characterize these mediators, we developed an assay that measures the functional effects of plasma or serum components on the gene expression of cultured target cells.MethodsWISH epithelial cell line cells were cultured with medium, with recombinant IFNα, IFNβ, or IFNγ, or with 50% plasma from SLE patients (n = 73), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (n = 19), or healthy donors (n = 30). Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine WISH cell expression of IFN target genes, including PRKR, IFIT1, IFI44, MX1, and C1orf29 (preferentially induced by IFNα) and CXCL9 (Mig) (preferentially induced by IFNγ).ResultsIFNα‐regulated genes were induced by SLE plasma samples, but not by most of the RA or healthy control plasma samples. The activity in SLE plasma was inhibited >90% by anti‐IFNα antibody, but not by anti‐IFNβ or anti‐IFNγ antibodies. The expression of each IFNα target gene induced by SLE plasma correlated with the expression of that gene studied ex vivo in PBMCs from the same patients and with the titer of anti–RNA binding protein (anti‐RBP)–specific autoantibodies. Plasma activity paralleled PBMC expression of IFNα‐inducible genes over time.ConclusionIFNα in SLE plasma is a major stimulus of IFN target gene expression and is related to expression of those genes in PBMCs from SLE patients and to the titer of anti‐RBP autoantibodies. These data provide additional support for the view that IFNα mediates immune system activation and dysregulation in SLE.
Quality of life after surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Langenhoff B S , Krabbe P F M , Peerenboom L , Wobbes T , Ruers T J M 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
The surgical approach to colorectal liver metastases is becoming increasingly aggressive. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the impact of surgery on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with colorectal liver metastases.

Methods
HRQoL data from 97 patients with colorectal liver metastases were analysed. Sixty patients (group 1) had surgical treatment of the liver metastases. Seventeen patients (group 2) were shown to have inoperable disease at laparotomy. Twenty outpatients with inoperable disease were included as a control group (group 3). Two validated HRQoL instruments, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core questionnaire (QLQ C-30) and the EuroQol-5D, were applied.

Results
By 2 weeks after operation patients in group 1 showed a clear overall deterioration in HRQoL, but after 3 months most HRQoL scores had returned to baseline levels. At 2 weeks after surgery there was clear deterioration in almost all HRQoL domains in group 2, and several symptoms were still being reported at 3 months. Patients in group 3 showed hardly any deterioration in HRQoL over the 3 months.

Conclusion
The fast recovery of HRQoL, generally within 3 months, justifies an aggressive surgical approach to colorectal liver metastases. However, careful preoperative evaluation is crucial to avoid needless laparotomy, considering the ongoing deteriorated HRQoL of group 2.
Bevacizumab combination therapy in recurrent, platinum‐refractory, epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Wright Jason D. , Hagemann Andrea , Rader Janet S. , Viviano Dana , Gibb Randall K. , Norris Lori , Mutch David G. , Powell Matthew A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe study was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of the monoclonal, antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy for women with platinum‐refractory ovarian cancer.METHODSA retrospective analysis of women who received bevacizumab in combination with a cytotoxic agent was performed. Response was determined by measurable disease or assessment of serial cancer antigen (CA) 125 measurements.RESULTSTwenty‐three patients were identified. The patients were heavily pretreated with a median of 7 prior regimens including a median of 3 prior platinum regimens. The combination regimen included cyclophosphamide in 15 (65%), 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in 6 (26%), docetaxel in 1 (4%), and gemcitibine/liposomal doxorubicin in 1 (4%). Two (9%) women developed chylous ascites during treatment. CTC Grade 4–5 toxicities occurred in 4 (17%) subjects. Gastrointestinal perforation occurred in 2 (9%) patients. Measurable disease was present in 22. The overall best response rate was 35% and all 8 were partial responses (PRs). Stable disease was found in a further 10 (44%) women, whereas progressive disease was observed in 5 (22%). The median time to progression was 5.6 months in patients with a PR and 2.3 months in subjects with stable disease. Three (13%) women experienced a progression‐free interval (PFI) of >6 months. At last follow‐up, 8 (35%) subjects had died of disease, whereas 15 (65%) women were alive with disease.CONCLUSIONSCombination bevacizumab therapy demonstrated activity in heavily pretreated women with ovarian cancer. Gastrointestinal perforations were identified in 9%. Despite the toxicity of the regimen, prospective studies, particularly in less heavily pretreated patients, are warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Optimization of a fibrin scaffold for sustained release of an adenoviral gene vector
Authors: Breen Ailish , Strappe Padraig , Kumar Anil , O'Brien Timothy , Pandit Abhay 
Published: May 2006

AbstractOne of the major limitations of adenovirus as an efficient gene delivery vehicle is its transient nature of transgene expression. At present, no biodegradable release system exists that permits the sustained release of gene delivery. This study aimed to optimize a biodegradable fibrin scaffold for sustained adenoviral mediated gene delivery. Scaffold formulations were fabricated incorporating an adenoviral vector encoding β‐galactosidase, and each scaffold was incubated in elution fluid. The level of transfection of cells was measured to assess virus diffusion from each scaffold at different time periods. Results showed that viral particles were present in the elution fluid and had the ability to transfect cells at different time points. Depending on the scaffold formulation, variable rates of diffusion were seen. Analysis of scaffold microarchitecture using stereo pairs showed that variable pore depth is seen in different fibrin scaffold concentration, which may be a determining factor in the diffusion rate. It was concluded that sustained release of the adenovirus could be attained up to 192 h at the optimal concentration of 60 mg/mL fibrinogen and 4 IU thrombin. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Applying Darwinian principles in designing effective intervention strategies: The case of sun tanning
Authors: Saad Gad , Peng Albert 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPublic‐service announcements typically seek to educate consumers regarding a given unhealthy practice, the assumption being that individuals will cease the harmful behavior once they are fully informed. Many intervention strategies have failed in curbing the targeted behaviors because these are not due to incomplete information but instead may also have a Darwinian‐based etiology. Using sunbathing as a case analysis, it is shown how Darwinian theorizing (evolutionary psychology, life‐history theory, gene‐culture co‐evolution, and memetic theory) can augment social marketers' ability to develop efficacious intervention strategies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.