bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum thyroglobulin in hospitalized chronic geriatric patients: its relationship to age, non-thyroidal illness, goitre and thyroid dysfunction in a follow-up study
Authors: Szabolcs István , Bernard Wolfdieter , Horster Franz A 
Published: December 2008

Szabolcs I, Bernard W, Horster FA. Serum thyroglobulin in hospitalized chronic geriatric patients: its relationship to age, non-thyroidal illness, goitre and thyroid dysfunction in a follow-up study. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:462–6. ISSN 0804–4643
The objectives were to determine whether the serum thyroglobulin (TG) level is influenced by age or by non-thyroidal illness (NTI) of the aged, to investigate the constancy of the TG level after 1- and 2-month intervals and to investigate if the TG level could help to differentiate whether a subnormal thyrotrophin (TSH) level in a geriatric patient is caused by autonomous thyroid function, by age or by NTI. Two-hundred and twenty-six non-selected, chronic hospitalized patients over 60 years old and 82 healthy adults (20–40 years) participated in the study, and TSH, thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine and TG were estimated. In 122 euthyroid geriatric patients with normal TSH the mean TG was normal (12.18 μg/l), but elevated (> 45 μg/l) TG values occurred more often than in healthy control persons (15/122 vs 3/82; χ(1)2 = 4.54, p = 0.03). The severity of the clinical state of the euthyroid patients had no influence on the TG values. If TG was measured after 1 and/or 2 months, in only 3/123 non-selected geriatric patients was there a fluctuation between the normal and abnormal range (versus fluctuation of the corresponding TSH values in 19/123 cases; χ(1)2 = 12.78, p = 0.0012). In 28 patients with subnormal TSH, a normal TG value had a predictive value of 0.6 to exclude autonomous thyroid function. Age and NTI of the geriatric patients have no significant influence on their mean TG level but high TG levels occur more often, even in euthyroid patients. The predictive value of TG is not sufficiently high to allow a clear differentiation of whether a subnormal TSH is caused by autonomous thyroid function or by the age process or by NTI. Nevertheless, the advantage of TG estimation to be more constant than TSH could be of benefit in screening studies.
I Szabolcs, HIETE I. Bel., Budapest, PO Box 112, 1389, Hungary
Influence of interleukin 1 and antihuman interleukin 1 receptor antibody on the growth and function of the thyroid gland in rats
Authors: Żerek-Mełeń G , Żylińska K , Fryczak J , Mucha S , Stępień H 
Published: December 2008

Żerek-Mełeń G, Żylińska K, Fryczak J, Mucha S, Stępień H. Influence of interleukin 1 and antihuman interleukin 1 receptor antibody on the growth and function of the thyroid gland in rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:531–4. ISSN 0804–4643
Cytokines seem to influence the hypothalamo–pituitary–thyroid axis. We have studied the effect of different doses of interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β (given twice daily ip) alone or together with antihuman IL-1 receptor antibody (aIL-1ra) on the proliferation of thyroid follicular cells and thyroid hormone levels in male Wistar rats. We have examined the influence of IL-1α and IL-1β at doses of 10.0, 1.0 and 0.1 μg/kg body wt of animal and aIL-1ra at a dose of 10.0 μg/kg body wt of animal. The incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into thyroid follicular cell nuclei was used as an index of cell proliferation (labeling index: LI) and measured 24 h after the last of two injections of interleukin. Interleukin 1β, at all examined doses, increased thyroid follicular cell proliferation when compared to controls (p < 0.05), and a positive correlation between log of the dose of IL-1β used and LI (r = 0.62, p < 0.05) using Student's t-test was found. The administration of aIL-1ra alone also enhanced the thyroid follicular cell proliferation, whereas aIL-1ra used together with IL-1β exerted a less pronounced effect than each of these substances used separately (p < 0.05). Interleukin 1α at the dose of 10.0 μg/kg body wt increased the proliferation of thyroid follicular cells (p < 0.05). Thyroid hormone levels did not change in any of the experiments. These results suggest a regulatory role of IL-1 upon the proliferation of thyroid cells.
Henryk Stępień, Institute of Endocrinology, Medical University of Łódź, Dr. Sterling Str. 3, 91-425 Łódź, Poland
Pars tuberalis-specific cells in the ovine pituitary do express the common α-chain of glycoprotein hormones: an in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical study
Authors: Böckers TM , Bockmann J , Fauteck J-D , Kreutz MR , Bock R , Wittkowski W 
Published: December 2008

Böckers TM, Bockmann J, Fauteck J-D, Kreutz MR, Bock R, Wittkowski W. Pars tuberalis-specific cells in the ovine pituitary do express the common α-chain of glycoprotein hormones: an in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical study. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:540–6. ISSN 0804–4643
The ovine pituitary pars tuberalis was investigated by electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and non-radioactive in situ hybridization in order to characterize further the pars tuberalis-specific cells, whose functional role within the endocrine system is still enigmatic. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that, besides gonadotropic cells, the vast majority of cells in the ovine pars tuberalis show the typical characteristics of pars tuberalis-specific cells with clear signs of secretory activity. Immunocytochemical staining with a polyclonal antibody directed against the α-subunit of ovine glycoprotein hormones and in situ hybridization with an antisense oligonucleotide complementary to the α-subunit mRNA showed that the common α-chain of glycoprotein hormones is expressed in pars tuberalis-specific cells. Antibodies against the β-subunits failed to detect any of the known β-chains of pituitary glycoprotein hormones in these cells. The demonstration of the glycoprotein α-subunit in pars tuberalis-specific cells of the adult sheep supports previously existing evidence that these cells do secrete one or more glycoprotein hormones. With respect to the thyrotropin-β-like immunoreactivity in rats and hamsters, one might speculate that pars tuberalis-specific cells are a pluripotent cell type with a low secretory activity under basal conditions. Further studies should prove the hypothesis that a pre-existing mRNA pool in these cells can be used for sustained translation of glycoprotein hormones after physiological or pharmacological stimulation.
W Wittkowski, Institute of Anatomy, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 2–4, 48 129 Münster, Germany
[111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]Octreotide scintigraphy in patients with carcinoid tumours: the predictive value for somatostatin analogue treatment
Authors: Janson Eva Tiensuu , Westlin Jan-Erik , Eriksson Barbro , Ahlström Håkan , Nilsson Sten , Öberg Kjell 
Published: December 2008

Tiensuu Janson E, Westlin J-E, Eriksson B, Ahlström H, Nilsson S, Öberg K. [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]Octrotide scintigraphy in patients with carcinoid tumours: the predictive value for somatostatin analogue treatment. Eur J Endocrinol 1994:131:577–81. ISSN 0804–4643
This study was performed to evaluate whether the presence or absence of somatostatin receptors in malignant carcinoid tumours detected by [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]octreotide scintigraphy can be used to predict response to somatostatin analogue treatment. Thirty patients were investigated, 28 with midgut carcinoid tumours and two with foregut carcinoid tumours. Twenty-seven patients showed pathological uptake in tumour lesions at scintigraphy: of these, 22 responded to somatostatin analogue treatment using octreotide, somatuline or octastatin, while five patients failed to respond. None of the three patients displaying negative scintigraphic investigations responded to treatment with somatostatin analogues. These results show a good correlation between the somatostatin receptor status and the patients' ability to respond to somatostatin analogue treatment (p = 0.014). We conclude that somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]octreotide can be used to select patients with malignant carcinoid tumours suitable for somatostatin analogue treatment and exclude those that will not benefit from such medication.
Eva Tiensuu Janson, Dept of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
Exaggerated blood pressure response to angiotensin II in patients with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma
Authors: Yasuda Gen , Shionoiri Hiroshi , Umemura Satoshi , Takasaki Izumi , Ishii Masao 
Published: December 2008

Yasuda G, Shionoiri H, Umemura S, Takasaki I, Ishii M. Exaggerated blood pressure response to angiotensin II in patients with Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical adenoma. Eur J Endocrinol 1994:131:582–8 ISSN 0804–4643
We studied the roles played by the renin-angiotensin system in inducing hypertension in nine patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) resulting from adrenocortical adenoma, and compared them with those in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), renovascular hypertension (RVH) and essential hypertension (EH). In the CS group, each parameter, including serum potassium, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone concentrations, is within the normal range. However, plasma renin activity in the CS group was lower than that in the RVH group but higher than that in the PA group, and plasma aldosterone concentration was lower than that in each RVH or PA group. These findings indicated that the CS group had a different type of hypertension from that in either RVH or PA, in which the renin angiotensin system or mineralocorticoids play an important role in hypertension. Meanwhile, captopril (50 mg) administration either with or without indomethacin pretreatment decreased the mean blood pressure in the CS group, although captopril failed to change it in the PA group or in normal subjects. Furthermore, the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin II in the CS group was higher than that in the RVH or EH group, but was not different from that in the PA group. Thus, the hypertension in patients with CS due to adrenocortical adenoma appears to be mediated through a change in the renin-angiotensin system in the form of exaggerated pressor responses to angiotensin II.
G Yasuda, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-46 Urafune, Minami, Yokohama 232, Japan
Persistence of somatostatinergic tone in acromegaly
Authors: Attanasio Roberto , Cozzi Renato , Oppizzi Giuseppe , Dallabonzana Daniela , Chiodini Iacopo , Benini Zaira , Orlandi Paola , Liuzzi Antonio , Chiodini Pier Giorgio 
Published: December 2008

Attanasio R, Cozzi R, Oppizzi G, Dallabonzana D, Chiodini I, Benini Z, Orlandi P, Liuzzi A, Chiodini PG. Persistence of somatostatinergic tone in acromegaly. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:27–31. ISSN 0804–4643
It is a matter of debate whether hypothalamic somatostatin (SRIH) secretion in acromegaly is preserved and still regulated by the physiological feedback mechanisms of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I. To gather further information on this, the reproducibility of plasma GH changes induced by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) administration was evaluated in 15 acromegalic patients. There was a highly significant correlation between the peak/basal ratio (P/B) GH response in the 15 patients administered GHRH on two separate occasions (r = 0.99, p <0.001). The test was performed also before and after the administration of drugs able to inhibit or stimulate hypothalamic SRIH release, by activating (pyridostigmine) or inhibiting (pirenzepine) cholinergic pathways, respectively. The GHRH-induced GH response (P/B = 2, range 1.1–26.1) was increased significantly by pyridostigmine pretreatment in 30 patients (P/B = 2.6, range 1.3–34.8; p = 0.0045). In nine out of 30 patients an increase of greater than 2sd of within-subject GHRH variability was observed in response to GHRH plus pyridostigmine when compared to GHRH alone. An inverse correlation (r = −0.37, p <0.05) was observed between GH response to GHRH alone and after pyridostigmine pretreatment. On the contrary, no change of GHRH-induced GH response was observed in 12 patients after pirenzepine pretreatment (P/B =1.9, range 1.1–5 and P/B = 2, range 1.3–6 without and after pirenzepine pretreatment, respectively). These data suggest that in acromegaly the somatostatinergic tone does not seem to fluctuate, and that it can be inhibited often by cholinergic pathway activation but not increased further by cholinergic suppression.
Roberto Attanasio, Divisione di Endocrinologia, Ospedale Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 1-20162 Milano, Italy
Effect of 15-day treatment with growth-hormone-releasing hormone alone or combined with different doses of arginine on the reduced somatotrope responsiveness to the neurohormone in normal aging
Authors: Ghigo E , Ceda GP , Valcavi R , Goffi S , Zini M , Mucci M , Valenti G , Muller EE , Camanni F 
Published: December 2008

Ghigo E, Ceda GP, Valcavi R, Goffi S, Zini M, Mucci M, Valenti G, Muller EE, Camanni F. Effect of 15-day treatment with growth hormone-releasing hormone alone or combined with different doses of arginine on the reduced somatotrope responsiveness to the neurohormone in normal aging. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:32–6. ISSN 0804–4643
It is well known that both spontaneous and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-stimulated GH secretion undergo an age-related decrease; in addition, there is supportive evidence that the GH hyposecretory state of aging is of hypothalamic origin. The aims of the study in 35 normal elderly subjects (20 males and 15 females aged 65–89 years) were to verify whether the low somatotrope responsiveness to GHRH (1 μg/kg) can be primed by a daily GHRH treatment and whether the potentiating effect of both high intravenous (0.5 g/kg) and low oral (8 g) doses of arginine (ARG) on GH response to GHRH is maintained with time. In group A (N = 14) the GH response to GHRH on day 1 (AUC: 373.5 ± 78.5 μg·1−1·h−1) was unchanged after 7 (3720 ± 38 μg·1−1·h−1) and 15 days (377.9 ± 63.8 μg·1−1·h−1) of daily GHRH administration. In group B (N = 6) the GH response to GHRH co-administered with iv ARG on day 1 (1614.2 ± 146.2 μg · 1−1 · h−1) was higher (p < 0.05) than that of GHRH alone (group A) and persisted unchanged after 7 (1514.7±366.5 μg·1−1·h−1) and 15 days (1631.7 ± 379.1 μg · 1−1 · h−1) of treatment. In group C (N = 15) the GH response to GHRH co-administered with oral ARG on day 1 (950.6 ± 219.4 μg·1−1 · h−1) was higher (p < 0.03) than that of GHRH alone (group A) but lower (p < 0.05) than that to GHRH plus iv ARG (group B). It was unchanged after 7 (816.2 ± 208.5 μg·1−1 · h−1) and 15 days (760.4 ± 165.0 μg · 1−1· h−1) of treatment; these responses were still higher (p < 0.05) than that to GHRH alone. Insulin-like growth factor I levels were not modified by any of the treatments. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that in normal aging the low somatotrope responsiveness to GHRH is not improved by prolonged treatment with the neurohormone but it is enhanced by the combined treatment with ARG and this effect does not vanish after a 15-day treatment period. The effect of ARG is present even after a low oral dose, although less markedly than after a high intravenous dose.
F Camanni, Divisione di Endocrinologia, Ospedale Molinette, C. so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
Bone mineral density in middle-aged women with Turner's syndrome
Authors: Sylvén Lisskulla , Hagenfeldt Kerstin , Ringertz Hans 
Published: December 2008

Sylvén L, Hagenfeldt K, Ringertz H. Bone mineral density in middle-aged women with Turner's syndrome. Eur J Endrocrinol 1995;132:47–52. ISSN 0804–4643
Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content and body composition were determined in 47 middle-aged (mean age 47.9 ± 1.1 years) women with Turner's syndrome. Bone mineral density was measured in the forearm, femoral neck and total body. The women investigated had a BMD lower than the normal mean. When expressed as Z scores (individual values compared to normal reference data matched for age, weight and sex), the median Z score of the total body was −1.23. When comparing women with the karyotype 45,X and mosaic women, the latter showed a higher BMD in all sites of measurement. Duration of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) differed significantly between the mosaic and the 45,X women, with a longer duration in the mosaic group (20.7 ± 2 vs 12.1 ± 2.6 years; p < 0.01). The duration of HRT was found to be the more important factor to maintain bone mass, not the karyotype. Bone mineral density increased with years of HRT but not until after > 20 years of HRT could a significant difference be shown between the women with HRT ≤ 20 years and those with HRT > 20 years. No correlation was found between BMD and body weight, body fat or percentage body fat. Whether the osteopenia found in women with Turner's syndrome is similar to that found postmenopausally or is a specific form related to the chromosome aberration remains to be investigated further. The present data support a relation to estrogen deficiency.
Lisskulla Sylvén, Department of Woman and Child Health, Division for Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
Thyroid cytotoxic antibodies in atrophic and goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Bogner Ulrich , Hegedüs Laszlo , Hansen Jens Molholm , Finke Reinhard , Schleusener Horst 
Published: December 2008

Bogner U, Hegedüs L, Hansen JM, Finke R, Schleusener H. Thyroid cytotoxic antibodies in atrophic and goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:69–74. ISSN 0804–4643
It is unknown whether in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis the goitrous (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and atrophic forms (primary myxedema) are variants of the same disease or different pathogenic entities. Conventional thyroid-related autoimmune parameters are unable to separate both diseases serologically. It is assumed that cellular and humoral cytotoxic events induce gland atrophy and thus should be detectable more often in non-goitrous than goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. We determined antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in 67 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, using a 51chromium-release assay against human thyroid cells. Thyroid volume had been measured by ultrasonography. Other thyroid-specific antibodies, like TSH binding-inhibiting antibodies, TSH function-blocking antibodies, thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroid peroxidase antibodies, were determined. Cytotoxic antibody activity was 20.5% (median, range 0–54.5%) in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and 8.3% (median, range 0–18.4%) in controls (p < 0.0001). Analysis of cytotoxicity regarding thyroid size showed a high incidence of cytotoxic antibodies in atrophic disease (median thyroid volume 6 ml), where cytotoxic antibodies were detectable in 80% versus 39% (x2 = 9.6; p < 0.0001) in goitrous disease (median thyroid volume 36 ml). The specific lysis of 30% (median; 95% confidence limit 23.9–32.9) in non-goitrous thyroiditis patients was significantly higher than in goitrous patients (16.9%; 95% confidence limit 13.2–20.4) (p = 0.0006). Prevalence of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were equally distributed in both groups, with slightly higher levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies in goitrous thyroiditis (p < 0.05). Both TSH binding-inhibiting and TSH function-blocking antibodies were rarely positive in either atrophic or goitrous disease. Our study shows for the first time a striking association of thyroid cytotoxic antibodies with the atrophic variant of autoimmune thyroiditis. We suggest that the occurrence of cytotoxic antibodies in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is the decisive event that favors the development of the atrophic rather than goitrous form of the disease.
Ulrich Bogner, Thyroid Research Unit, Freie Universität Berlin, Kurfürstenstr. 126, 10785 Berlin, Germany
Intrasellar bony spine, a possible cause of hypopituitarism
Authors: Abs Roger , Van Breusegem Ludo , Verhaert Griet , Smet Helena , Parizel Paul M 
Published: December 2008

Abs R, Van Breusegem L, Verhaert G, Smet H, Parizel PM. Intrasellar bony spine, a possible cause of hypopituitarism. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:82–5. ISSN 0804–4643
A 39-year-old male patient with long-standing pituitary deficiency is reported. The onset of hypopituitarism was probably at about the age of 12 years, but diagnosis was not made until 6 years later. Since then he has received substitutive hormonal treatment and was referred with complaints suggestive of growth hormone deficiency. Retrospective study of a skull radiography performed at the age of 18 years revealed a calcified lesion in the sellar region. Additional radiological examinations showed the presence of a 9-mm intrasellar bony spine. Magnetic resonance examination showed a ventrally extending arrow-shaped bone deformation in continuity with the dorsum sellae, consisting of a hyperintense structure comparable with the intensity of the bone marrow of the dorsum and clivus. Computed tomography scanning confirmed in detail the morphology of the bony spine. This deformity probably represents the non-regressed cephalic segment of the notochord. Only in four reports has the existence of this congenital abnormality been described, but this is the first one in which hypopituitarism can be regarded as a complication of the intrasellar spine.
R Abs University of Antwerp, Department of Endocrinology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium