bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE AROMATISATION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Bolté E. , Mancuso S. , Eriksson G. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In connection with therapeutic abortion, in two patients tracer amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone-4-14C sulphate (DHAS-4-14C) were injected into the umbilical vein and tracer amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone-7α-3H sulphate (DHAS-7α-3H) into an antecubital vein. The over-all aromatisation of the two labelled compounds in the presence of viable foetuses was studied by analysing the radioactive metabolites excreted in the urine during a period of 6 days.
More than 25 per cent of the 3H-labelled metabolites and more than 75 per cent of the 14C-labelled metabolites recovered from the urine were phenolic in character. More than half of this phenolic radioactive material behaved as oestrone (OE1), 17β-oestradiol (OE2) and oestriol (OE3) when analysed by a modified Brown (1955) method.
The OE3 to OE1 + OE2 ratio expressed as 14C incorporated into these three fractions was significantly higher in both patients than the corresponding ratio of 3H. Also the 3H to 14C ratio of urinary OE1 significantly exceeded that of OE3.
The specific activity (S. A.) of OE3-7α-3H was by far lower than that of OE1-7α-3H, whereas the S. A. of OE3-4-14C differed much less from that of OE1-4-14C. A concept is presented describing the placental barrier to circulating androgen and the role of the placenta in the formation of OE1, OE2 and OE3.
OBESITY AND DIABETES MELLITUS IN A RAT WITH HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS
Authors: Hausberger Franz X. , Broadhead Charles L. , Hausberger B. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was observed in a rat after injury to the ventromedial hypothalamus. At the time the diabetes was discovered, the animal was extremely obese. Fasting blood glucose was approximately 200 mg/100 ml, daily urinary glucose varied from 12 to 18 g, urinary volume from 280 to 370 ml. The islets of the pancreas showed no pathological changes. The adrenals weighed 108 mg vs. 58 mg control weight. Extensive infected skin lesions were present. The literature concerning diabetes after experimental hypothalamic injury is briefly reviewed.
CONVERSION OF SOME SYNTHETIC PROGESTINS TO OESTROGEN
Authors: Okada Hiroji , Amatsu Minoru , Ishihara Sadanao , Tokuda Gen-ichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of oral administration of synthetic progestins on the urinary oestrogen excretion were examined. 17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone (ENT) or 17α-ethynyl-estr-4-en-17β-ol (EEL) caused a significant rise of oestrogen output in urine. It appeared that the increased output of oestrogen was due to the conversion of ENT or EEL to ethynyl-oestradiol (EE2). Such a conversion of progestin was also observed with 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone.
To obtain the direct evidence for the conversion of ENT to EE2, human placental homogenates were incubated in vitro first with 19-nortestosterone. The approximate yield of oestrone was 20 percent of that observed with testosterone. However, a conversion of ENT to EE2 was not detected.
IN VITRO METABOLISM OF 17α-METHYL-1 9-NORTESTOSTERONE BY FEMALE RAT LIVER HOMOGENATE
Authors: Okada Hiroji , Matsuyoshi Kichisaburo , Tokuda Gen-ichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Incubation of 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone-3H with female rat liver homogenate resulted in the formation of 17α-methyl-19-norandrostan-17β-ol-3-one-3H and 17α-methyl-19-norandrostane-3α,17β-diol-3H.
ZUR WIRKUNG VON ALDOSTERON UND CORTICOSTERON AUF DEN ELEKTROLYT- UND WASSERGEHALT BINDEGEWEBIGER ORGANE DER RATTE
Authors: Kriegel Walter , Dirscherl Wilhelm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An attempt was made to elucidate the distribution of electrolytes and water in connective tissues of the rat by estimating the sodium, potassium and water content in muscle, liver, skin, cartilage, aorta, tendon and serum. Animal groups treated in the following manner were compared: 1. replacement of drinking water by 0.9 % saline, 2. adrenalectomy, 3. adrenalectomy and saline, 4. adrenalectomy, saline and treatment with aldosterone (25 μg d-aldosterone-monoacetate per day), 5. adrenalectomy, saline and treatment with corticosterone (2—4 mg per day).
In the tissues investigated the electrolyte and water contents varied independently and differently in some cases. Sodium content or sodium depots respectively of the tissues were influenced in a variable manner. After administration of saline there was even a significant loss of amounts of sodium in the tendon and aorta of normal animals. After adrenal-ectomy and the development of severe insufficiency, the sodium content apart from the interstitial space of cellular tissues, was lowered only in the aorta. Moreover, adrenal insufficiency, partly compensated by administration of saline, led to loss of sodium in skin and cartilage, the latter loosing the largest relative amount.
Treatment of adrenalectomized animals with aldosterone normalized the sodium content in all the connective tissues and caused retention of sodium in the cellular tissues.
Adrenalectomized animals showed an increased water content in the connective as well as in the cellular tissues. The interstitial water especially in cartilage did not appear to be bound very tightly. After treatment with aldosterone a retention of water (without simultaneous retention of sodium in the connective tissues) could be observed in all tissues, whereas corticosterone normalized the water content in the connective tissues.
Potassium was found to be increased in all tissues of markedly deficient animals. In addition retention of K in the connective tissues (interstitial space) requires a simultaneous imbibition or loosening of the interstitial tissue.
INFLUENCE OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL AND THYROXINE ON SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION OF THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE HYPOTHYROID RAT
Authors: Bakke John L. , Lawrence Nancy 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Propylthiouracil (PTU) administration to rats produced a progressive and parallel increase in the serum TSH concentration and the thyroid weight over a one year period, but the pituitary TSH content followed a biphasic curve declining markedly for 4 weeks, returning to the control level in 10 weeks and then continuing to rise until a level 5 times the control was achieved after 32 weeks. Either physiologic replacement doses or toxic doses of thyroxine (DL-T4) caused depression of serum TSH levels, significant as early as one hour after administration, followed by an increased pituitary TSH content to as much as 8 times the starting level after 10-60 hours. Thus, T4 did not appear to directly inhibit TSH synthesis during this interval. The reaction appeared to be independent of the duration of prior PTU administration or the initial size and TSH potency of the pituitary gland or the dose of T4 between 2.5 μg/100 g in one day and 40 μg/100 g daily for 4 days. PTU was not essential to this reaction because it also occurred in radiothyroidectomized rats which never received PTU. This rise in pituitary TSH during the period when TSH secretion was suppressed indicated a net pituitary TSH synthesis of as much as 61 mU/h. These values were compatible with those obtained by indirect calculations and consistent with the temporary persistence of the pre-existing TSH synthesis rate although the possibility of the stimulation of TSH synthesis by the T4 was not excluded.
SOME NOTES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF NORETHYNODREL IN PREVENTING FERTILITY IN RATS
Authors: Saunders Francis J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Based on absolute doses required to reach the defined end points in rats, it is proposed that inhibition of implantation or of ovulation per se cannot explain the efficacy of norethynodrel in inhibiting fecundity in female rats. The small size of the dose required to demonstrate gonadotrophin suppression indicates that this action, with consequent inhibition of follicular development, is the probable cause of the anti-fertility effect.
ANDROGEN REGULATION OF MOUSE KIDNEY RIBONUCLEASES
Authors: Kochakian Charles D. , Elsas Fred , Harrison David G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The decrease in mouse kidney weight after castration was accompanied by a proportionate decrease in acid RNase. Administration of testosterone propionate simultaneously restored both the weight and enzyme activity to their normal levels. The total alkaline ribonuclease was not changed after either castration or androgen administration. Consequently the concentration of the enzyme changed in inverse proportion to the changes in weight.
THE EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS PRECURSORS ON ETIOCHOLANOLONE/ANDROSTERONE RATIOS IN MAN
Authors: Kirschner Marvin A. , Lipsett Mortimer B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of the ingestion of large amounts of precursors of urinary androsterone (A) and etiocholanolone (E) on the E/A ratio was explored. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in doses of 1000 mg daily resulted in elevation of the E/A ratios from 0.8 to 2.8 by the third day. The E/A ratio remained near 1.0 after the same amount of testosterone and androstenedione. Triiodothyronine administration blocked the E/A changes seen after DHEA. Significant differences were also noted in the modes of conjugation of A and E and in epiandrosterone excretion after DHEA, androstenedione and testosterone. The data suggest that metabolism of the three precursors does not proceed entirely via the presumed intermediate, androstenedione. The role of enteric metabolism of ingested precursor was examined and found to be of minor importance.
CUSHING'S SYNDROME WITH ATYPICAL BIOCHEMICAL RESULTS
Authors: Harden R. McG. , Forrest A. P. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of Cushing's syndrome is described with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Basal excretion of urinary total 17-OHCS and 17-KS were within the normal range, but the excretion of 17-OHCS was not suppressed by 16 mg dexamethasone daily in divided doses for five days. The adrenal glands were stimulated normally by corticotrophin and the hypophysis by cortisol lack. The blood corticotrophin was estimated to be not significantly different from the levels found in normal persons. It is concluded that the failure of suppression indicates either that the adrenal glands were functioning in part autonomously or more likely that the pituitary corticotrophin regulating mechanism was more completely disturbed than is usually found in Cushing's syndrome, due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia.
SOME ASPECTS OF STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS IN HUMAN OVARIAN TISSUE
Authors: Forleo Romano , Collins William P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the incubation of small amounts of human ovarian tissue with isotopically labelled steroid substrates in the presence of ovine F. S. H. The products are analysed by paper chromatography after preliminary purification by silica gel chromatography and determined by liquid scintillation counting. The method has been applied to samples of ovarian tissue, using 14C-progesterone, 14C-androst-4-enedione and 14C-testosterone as substrates. The tissues were also examined histologically. The results reveal differences in steroid transformations between the various components of pre- and post-menopausal ovarian tissue.
PITUITARY GONADOTROPHIN INHIBITORY ACTION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS
Authors: Kind Fred A. , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thirty-one neutral steroids have been studied for their anti-gonadotrophic activity in a parabiosis test using castrated male and intact female rats. The previous observation that the anti-pituitary activity of certain steroids need not parallel the androgen activity and is frequently correlated with the levator ani activity has been confirmed.
By the subcutaneous injection route, compared to testosterone 100, the following relative anti-pituitary activities were determined: 6α-chlorotestosterone acetate (375); 6α-fluorotestosterone (350); 2-nitrilo-17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol (350); 2-formyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol (250); 2-hydroxymethyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol (220) and 6α,17α-dimethyl-17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one (200).
Particularly favourable separations in gonadotrophin inhibition and androgenicity were found for 2-formyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol, ratio 25 (testosterone ratio = 1) for 2-hydroxymethyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol, ratio 11 and for 2-methyl-5α-androst-2-en-17β-ol, ratio 6.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SIMILARITY BETWEEN HUMAN LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND ONE OF THE ANTIGENIC COMPONENTS OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Shahani Savitri K. , Rao Shanta Savur 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Immunological investigations with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were carried out in order to characterize the antigens of HCG. Attempts were also made to find out whether HCG has antigens common to those of human luteinizing hormone (LH) and human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and also to ovine, bovine and porcine LH and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). The results of the immunoelectrophoretic analysis carried out have indicated that one of the three antigens of HCG seems to be immunochemically similar to the antigen present in human LH. HCG was not observed to have any antigens in common with ovine, bovine and porcine LH and PMSG as revealed by the tests carried out with antiserum to HCG. The combining power and the biological activity of the antigen common to human LH and HCG were not completely destroyed by heating the hormones at 100° C for 30 minutes. These were, however, destroyed by treating the respective hormones with 30 per cent hydrogen peroxide. Haemorrhagic follicles were observed when human FSH was injected into immature mice together with human LH. Such haemorrhagic follicles were also observed in some of the mice injected simultaneously with heated LH or HCG along with human FSH. The significance of these observations are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF NORTESTOSTERONE PHENYLPROPIONATE ON COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY OF THE REMAINING KIDNEY AFTER UNILATERAL NEPHRECTOMY
Authors: Jelínek Jan , Veselá Hana , Valová Blanka 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Forty eight hours after unilateral nephrectomy, both in non-castrated and in castrated male mice the relative dry weight of the remaining kidney increased significantly.
This compensatory hypertrophy was significantly stimulated as early as 96 hours after operation by the treatment with 19-nortestosterone phenylpropionate (= NPP) at the time of operation. The percentual increase of the kidney weight was approximately the same in non-castrated as in castrated mice. The absolute initial values as well as the resulting values 96 hours after operation were higher in non-castrated male mice than in castrated animals.
The number of cells and the DNA concentration per g tissue decreased during the period of non-stimulated compensatory hypertrophy in both groups of animals. NPP caused a still further decrease. The concentration of DNA per cell did not change.
Following non-stimulated compensatory hypertrophy, there was no change in the RNA concentration per g tissue or per cell in castrated mice. In non-castrated mice the concentration increased. NPP caused approximately the same percentual increase of RNA concentration in non-castrated as in castrated animals during the period of compensatory hypertrophy. The difference between both groups of mice in the RNA concentration in the remaining kidney following stimulation of the compensatory hypertrophy by NPP was statistically significant.
DEMETHYLIERUNG VON METHOXYÖSTROGENEN IN VITRO UND IN VIVO
Authors: Breuer H. , Knuppen Marlene , Gross D. , Mittermayer C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The microsomal fraction of rat liver contains an enzyme system which, in the presence of NADPH2 and oxygen, demethylates 2-methoxyoestradiol-17β to 2-hydroxyoestradiol-17β. Under similar experimental conditions, 3-methoxyoestradiol-17β is demethylated to oestradiol-17β. The demethylation of 3-methoxyoestradiol-17β shows an optimum at pH 7.4 and is inhibited by β-diethylaminoethyl diphenylpropylacetate; the type of inhibition seems to be noncompetitive. The Michaelis-Menten constant for 3-methoxyoestradiol-17β was found to be 2.0 × 10−4 m. It appears that demethylation of 2- and 3-methoxyoestrogens is catalysed by a non-specific ether-cleaving enzyme system.
After intravenous injection of 20 mg of 3-methoxyoestradiol-17β into 3 patients, the excretion of oestradiol-17β, oestrone and oestriol in the urine showed a marked increase. The average yield of the 3 urinary oestrogens derived from 3-methoxyoestradiol-17β was 2.7% of the dose administered. By using corrections for metabolic and method losses, a demethylation rate of 17.5% for 3-methoxyoestradiol-17β was calculated. The concentrations of oestradiol-17β, oestrone and oestriol in bile also increased after intravenous administration of 3-methoxyoestradiol-17β. The maximum concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol-17β were found immediately after injection, whereas the maximum in the oestriol fraction occurred 4 h later. Oestrone was predominantly excreted in the sulphate fraction, but most of the oestriol was found in the glucuronoside fraction. These results suggest that demethylation of methoxyoestrogens takes place in liver.
Some of the biochemical and physiological aspects of demethylation are discussed.
LA FRÉQUENCE DES EFFRACTIONS CORTICO-SURRÉNALIENNES DANS LE TISSU ADIPEUX PÉRIGLANDULAIRE
Authors: Rosner P. , Cuendet R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The authors have examined fifty adrenal glands obtained from routine autopsies. The outgrowth of adrenal cortical tissue into the periadrenal fat has been particularly studied.
No statistical correlation has been found between the frequency of these outgrowths and the adrenal weight, the age of the subjects, presence of a clinical hypertension, cardiac enlargement, or a malignant tumour.
The frequency (F) is, however, significantly increased in cases of cortical adrenal hyperplasia, particularly when the latter is associated with fibrinoid arteritis.
EFFECTS OF SHORT TERM ADMINISTRATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DOSES OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE IN THREE PATIENTS WITH TURNER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Almqvist S. , Hall Kerstin , Lindstedt S. , Lindsten J. , Luft R. , Sjöberg H. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of apparently physiological doses of human growth hormone was investigated in three patients with Turner's syndrome in short term metabolic balance studies. The subjects presented an abnormal sex chromosome constitution and an increased level of sulphation factor activity in serum.
Two dose levels of hormone were used, and there appeared an anabolic response to both. No correlation with dose was obtained for any of the parameters used except for urinary magnesium, where the retention was greater with the higher dose. The sulphation factor activity of serum increased during hormone administration in the one case studied in this respect.
The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was within the normal range in the two patients studied in this respect, and was not altered by growth hormone.
All patients had an increased urinary excretion of creatine which at present cannot be explained. The creatinuria diminished during growth hormone treatment.
The mechanism behind the retarded growth is discussed. It is suggested that a major factor might be a defect in the center for linear growth, i. e. the epiphyses that would make these less responsive to all the factors normally stimulating the growth processes in the epiphyseal zones.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON 131I-LABELLED AMINO ACIDS IN HUMAN FAECES
Authors: Blomstedt B. , Neujahr H. Y. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the extraction and purification of 131I-labelled amino acids from human faeces. The degree of purification of the extracts was sufficient for subsequent chromatographic separation on paper of the 131I-metabolites.
The method offers a means of determining 131I-thyroxine, triiodothyronine and diiodotyrosine in faeces with a reasonable degree of reliability.
OESTRIOL METABOLISM IN AN ANENCEPHALIC MONSTER
Authors: Diczfalusy E. , Barr M. , Lind J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestriol-16-14C was injected into the umbilical vein of a newborn anencephalic monster and the circulating and excreted radioactive material was analysed.
Ten to twelve minutes following injection more than 98 per cent of the circulating radioactive material was in a conjugated form. More than 75 per cent of this conjugated material was identified as oestriol-3-sulphate and more than 20 per cent as oestriol-3-sulphate,16(17?)-glucosiduronate. No oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate could be detected in the blood.
Less than 1.0 per cent of the radioactive material was excreted in the urine as unconjugated oestriol. Approximately 50 per cent was present as oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate, more than 16 per cent as oestriol-3-sulphate and more than 25 per cent as oestriol-3-sulphate,16(17?)-glucosiduronate. At least 98 per cent of the oestrogen moiety of the various radioactive conjugates was identified as oestriol.
CORRELATION OF ADRENOCORTICAL HISTOPATHOLOGY WITH ARTERIOSCLEROSIS IN BREEDER RATS
Authors: Wexler Bernard C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Spontaneous arteriosclerosis develops in repeatedly bred male and female rats. Virgin rats of an age comparable to breeder rats do not develop arteriosclerosis. The arteriosclerosis becomes increasingly severe with each successive breeding. In a parallel manner, the thymus gland involutes and the adrenal glands become hypertrophied and hyperplastic with each breeding. During the early stages of the development of arteriosclerosis, the adrenal cortex shows storage of lipids. With continued breeding, the zona glomerulosa increases in width and becomes depleted of lipid. In some cases, growth of the adrenal medulla causes compression of the cortex against the capsule of the gland and the pleomorphic nature of the medullary cells resembles a phaeochromocytoma. In some female breeders with severe arteriosclerosis the adrenal cortex shows severe haemorrhage and thromboses causing marked reduction of the cortex. The histophysiological changes observed in the adrenal cortex of breeder rats are believed to be analogous to conditions seen in humans with hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing's disease. It is suggested that there may be a close correlation between the abnormal adrenal function engendered by repeated breeding and the development of the arteriosclerosis.
PROTEINS OF NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL HUMAN THYROID TISSUE.
Authors: Stanley P. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Extracts of the normal and pathological portions of two thyroid glands containing discrete malignant nodules have been fractionated with ammonium sulphate between the limits 0–30, 30–45 and 45–70% saturation. Ultracentrifugal analysis and determination of the percentage of iodine in the protein of each fraction permitted the conclusion that thyroglobulin S20,w = 18) was the sole or major iodinated protein of each extract, but that the percentage of iodine in the thyroglobulin of the malignant portion of the gland was strongly depressed in one case and almost negligible in the second case.
STUDIES OF IODINE METABOLISM IN ICELAND
Authors: Alexander W. D. , Gudmundsson Th. Veiger , Bluhm M. M. , Harden R. McG. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relation between plasma inorganic iodine level, thyroid clearance and absolute iodine uptake of the thyroid gland has been studied in Iceland and compared with results obtained in Glasgow using identical methods. In Iceland the plasma inorganic iodine (PII) is higher than in Glasgow due to the high iodine content of the diet and the thyroid clearance lower. This adjustment is, however, incomplete, relatively high PII levels being associated with a low thyroid clearance and a raised absolute uptake by the thyroid. There was no evidence of increased hormone production as reflected in the serum PBI.