bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rotational Study of 2‐tert‐Butylphenol and Its 1 : 1 Argon Complex
Authors: Li Wenqin , Heras Domingo , Maris Assimo , Melandri Sonia , Lesarri Alberto , Evangelisti Luca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe chirped‐pulse Fourier Transform microwave spectrum of 2‐tert‐butylphenol, an industrial intermediate for the production of antioxidants, has been investigated in the 2–8 GHz frequency range. The spectral analysis has allowed obtaining precise structural information on the most stable conformer and its complex with argon. The conformation of the monomer reveals that the hydroxyl group is coplanar with the ring but points in the opposite direction to the tert‐butyl group, reducing steric interactions. In the tert‐butyl group one methyl group is coplanar and the other two are symmetrically staggered respect to the ring. The complex shows the rare gas sitting above the aromatic ring. Interestingly, neither the monomer nor the complex exhibit large‐amplitude hydroxyl torsion motions, previously observed in 2,6‐disubstituted phenols such as 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol or propofol. The experimental results are supported by computational calculations, validating the molecular structure. Additionally, symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory has allowed determining the van der Waals intermolecular interaction energy of the complex.
Environment‐aware intelligent numerology control approach for 5G and beyond systems
Authors: Sazak Halenur , Yazar Ahmet 
Published: March 2024

Summary5G and beyond (5GB) systems show a flexible characteristic to meet different user communications requirements in parallel. Multi‐numerology waveform design is an important part of this human centric characteristic, however, it is necessary to make multi‐numerology planning. In this paper, the integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) concept is used with machine learning (ML) techniques to develop an intelligent numerology control mechanism for 5GB. Thanks to the ISAC capabilities, an environment‐aware system is designed, and several useful sensing information (USI) that affect the wireless channel characteristic is utilized. It is assumed that the USI is obtained through 5GB smart city networks. At that point, synthetic data generation is performed to form a new dataset with USI‐based features. Additionally, a novel feature control algorithm is proposed in the paper. Lastly, simulation results are presented for different type of ML models including several ensemble methods.
Exploring patterns of female house mouse spatial organisation among outbreaking and stable populations
Authors: Van de Weyer Nikki , Ruscoe Wendy A. , Brown Peter R. , Henry Steve , Robinson Freya , Hinds Lyn A. , Oh Kevin P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe size and distribution of home ranges reflect how individuals within a population use, defend, and share space and resources, and may thus be an important predictor of population‐level dynamics. Eruptive species, such as the house mouse in Australian grain‐growing regions, are an ideal species in which to investigate variations in space use and home range overlap between stable and outbreaking populations. In this study, we use spatially explicit capture–recapture models to explore if space use and home range overlap among female mice could serve as indicators of changes in population density leading into summer. Additionally, we assess the sensitivity of space use and home range estimates to reduced recapture rates. Our analysis did not reveal variations in the spring spatial organisation of female mice based on existing capture–mark–recapture data. However, our study highlights the need to balance monitoring efforts within regions, emphasising the importance of exploring studies that can improve spatial recaptures by optimising trapping efforts. This is particularly important in Australian agricultural systems, where varying farm management practices may drive differences in population dynamics.
Genomic diversity and structure of a Neotropical microendemic fig tree
Authors: Rojas‐Cortés Ángela P. , Gasca‐Pineda Jaime , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Ibarra‐Manríquez Guillermo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGenetic diversity is a key component of evolution, and unraveling factors that promote genetic differentiation in space and time is a central question in evolutionary biology. One of the most diverse and ecologically important tree genera in tropical forests worldwide is Ficus (Moraceae). It has been suggested that, given the great dispersal capacity of pollinating fig wasps (Chalcidoidea; Agaonidae), the spatial genetic structure, particularly in monoecious fig species, should be weak. However, no studies have addressed the factors that determine the genetic structure of Ficus species in regions of high geological, geographic, and climatic complexity, such as the Mexican Transition Zone. Using nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (5311 SNPs) derived from low‐coverage whole genomes and 17 populations, we analyzed the population genomics of Ficus pringlei to characterize neutral and adaptive genetic variation and structure and its association with geographic barriers such as the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, environmental heterogeneity, and wind connectivity. From genomic data of 71 individuals, high genetic diversity, and the identification of three genomic lineages were recorded (North, South, and Churumuco). The results suggest that genetic variation is primarily determined by climatic heterogeneity. Ficus pringlei populations from the north and south of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt also exhibited minimal genetic differentiation (FST = 0.021), indicating that this mountain range may not act as an insurmountable barrier to gene flow. Wind connectivity is also highlighted in structuring putative adaptive genetic variation, underscoring the intricate complexity of the various factors influencing genetic variation in the species. This study provides information on the possible mechanisms underlying the genetic variation of endemic species of the tropical dry forest of Western Mexico, such as F. pringlei.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza increases the facilitation between adult plant and seedling but root‐knot nematode inhibits it
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhou Xuhang , Tang Zhanhui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoil biotic and abiotic factors can affect the interaction between invasive and native species. However, it is not yet clear how arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis affects the interaction between adult invasive plants and neighboring seedlings. We used an invasive weed (Bidens frondosa) to test the hypothesis that adult invasive plants facilitate the growth of neighboring seedlings through AM symbiosis, and this facilitation can be inhibited by the biological stress of root‐knot nematode infection. The results showed that the height and total biomass of seedlings near the adult plant increased, indicating that the belowground effects mediated by AM symbiosis played a facilitative role. The positive growth response to resource allocation between adult plant and neighboring seedlings through mycorrhizal connection was inhibited when adult plants were infected by root‐knot nematode. Only the total biomass and root–shoot ratio of adult plants were increased, while seedling growth performance did not change. Our results supported the hypothesis that adult invasive plants can facilitate their neighboring seedlings growth through AM symbiosis and the benefits vary with biotic stress on adult plant. These findings provided important evidence to explain the role of AM symbiosis in plant invasion.
Adventures in the Chemistry of Multicomponent and Domino Reactions
Authors: Langer Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present personalized account summarizes various cyclization reactions, including multicomponent and domino processes, which are directed towards the synthesis of complex heterocyclic products. Domino Knoevenagel/hetero‐Diels‐Alder reactions provide a synthesis of annulated quinol‐2‐ones. The combination of Knoevenagel reactions with [3+2] cycloadditions of nitrogen ylides afford complex spiroheteriocyclic products. Domino Knoevenagel/enamine cyclization reactions result in the formation of condensed purine analogues. Formal [3+3] cyclizations of pyridinium salts allow for a rapid assembly of bridged heterocyclic systems and include the employment of thioxindoles and cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones as dinucleophilic building blocks. The formal [3+3] cyclization of thioxindoles with fluoroaroyl chlorides, such as 2‐fluorobenzoyl chlorides and 2‐chloropyridine‐3‐carboxylic chloride, give rise to the synthesis of condensed benzothiophenes. The cyclization of heterocyclic enamines with diimines and triazines afford various purine analogues by domino [4+2]/retro [4+2] reactions. The formal [3+3] cyclization of 2,4,6‐tris(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine with 1,3‐bis(silyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes afford, depending on the conditions, 2,6‐bis(trifluoromethy)pyrid‐4‐ones or triazaadamantanone derivatives. Heating of 2‐ethynylpyridines with electron‐rich dienes afforded 2‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)pyridines by a domino [4+2]/retro [4+2] process. The reaction of 2‐ethynylpyridines with enones afforded indolizines by a formal [3+3] cyclization. The reaction of trifluoromethyl‐substituted 1,3‐diketones with lithiated alkynes afforded 3‐hydroxy‐pent‐4‐yn‐1‐ones. Formal [5+1] cyclization of the latter with urea afforded trifluoromethyl‐substituted pyridines. The Pd catalyzed formal [3+2] cyclizations of 2,3‐dihalopyridines with imines afforded a series of regioisomeric 4‐ and 7‐azaindoles.
Pagans on campus: A cursory exploration
Authors: Maples Gordon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPaganism, despite growing as a religious affiliation over recent decades, has rarely been the subject of study within higher education. Due to the general lack of cohesive organizations, a persistent social stigma, and a number of ill‐defined identity labels, they have proven difficult to study even within the general population. This chapter will provide a descriptive snapshot of the population of Pagan college students in the United States and offer guidance for higher education practitioners working with this often‐invisible religious demographic group on their campuses.Practical Takeaways
Pagans remain a small population, which can be an isolating experience for students, particularly given their tendency for solitary practice. Even for Pagan students who want to practice in a community, their small numbers—as well as their social stigma—can make organization difficult. For these and other reasons, social isolation is a pressing concern for Pagan students.
Demographically, Pagan students appear to identify as LGB and with gender identities outside of the binary norm at higher rates than the general population of college students. Expressions of these identities may be sources of tension with other religious groups on campus, as well as with individual student peers. Campus professionals should note this tendency when considering the power dynamics at play in their campus spaces.
Spiritual customs for Pagans are often personal, personalized, and frequently private. The holidays, practices, and symbols may be strange or even alarming to outsider peers and campus professionals, so it is not unusual for Pagans to conceal them.
Special economic zone and infant mortality: Evidence from China
Authors: Guo Siwei , Qu Zhaopeng , Sun Weizeng , Zhang Ming‐ang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBy exploiting the development of special economic zones (SEZs) in China as a quasi‐natural experiment, this paper evaluates how such zones affect infant mortality. Difference‐in‐differences analysis reveals that SEZs significantly decrease the local infant mortality rate, and the impact is larger for male infants and infants with less‐educated mothers. Further studies show that the SEZs, which acts as an economic growth shock, improve infant survival by increasing the local income. Furthermore, there is no supportive evidence that the SEZs significantly alter either women's fertility‐associated behaviors or environmental pollution. These results highlight the previously ignored human capital‐related consequences of place‐based policies in China.
Smoothing consumption in times of illness: Household recourse mechanisms
Authors: Dureja Abhishek , Negi Digvijay S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the welfare impacts of illness shocks on rural agricultural households in the semi‐arid tropical and humid eastern regions of India. These regions are characterized by rainfed agriculture, missing markets for credit and insurance, and limited access to publicly funded healthcare infrastructure. We find that illness shocks increase households' medical expenditures and reduce wage income. However, aggregate non‐medical, food, and non‐food consumption expenditures are insensitive to illness shocks. Disaggregating illness by the age and the gender of the household members, we observe that illness in male children leads to the largest increase in medical expenditure, and illness in prime‐aged adults leads to the largest decline in per‐capita wage earnings. We also find illness shocks leading to changes in household dietary diversity, higher travel expenditures, and a compensating reduction in spending on education and entertainment. Analysis of risk‐coping strategies reveals that households rely on transfers from kinship networks and loans from informal sources like local moneylenders to smooth consumption. While large landowners rely on gifts from kinship networks, landless and smallholders increase borrowings from informal sources.
Naringin activates semaphorin 3A to ameliorate TGF‐β‐induced endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition related to atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lai Ying‐Ju , Chang Shang‐Hung , Tung Ying‐Chang , Chang Gwo‐Jyh , Almeida Celina De , Chen Wei‐Jan , Yeh Yung‐Hsin , Tsai Feng‐Chun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe loss of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), which is related to endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in atrial fibrosis, is implicated in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). To explore the mechanisms by which EndMT affects atrial fibrosis and assess the potential of a Sema3A activator (naringin) to prevent atrial fibrosis by targeting transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β)‐induced EndMT, we used human atria, isolated human atrial endocardial endothelial cells (AEECs), and used transgenic mice expressing TGF‐β specifically in cardiac tissues (TGF‐β transgenic mice). We evaluated an EndMT marker (Twist), a proliferation marker (proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PCNA), and an endothelial cell (EC) marker (CD31) through triple immunohistochemistry and confirmed that both EndMT and EC proliferation contribute to atrial endocardial fibrosis during AF in TGF‐β transgenic mice and AF patient tissue sections. Additionally, we investigated the impact of naringin on EndMT and EC proliferation in AEECs and atrial fibroblasts. Naringin exhibited an antiproliferative effect, to which AEECs were more responsive. Subsequently, we downregulated Sema3A in AEECs using small interfering RNA to clarify a correlation between the reduction in Sema3A and the elevation of EndMT markers. Naringin treatment induced the expression of Sema3A and a concurrent decrease in EndMT markers. Furthermore, naringin administration ameliorated AF and endocardial fibrosis in TGF‐β transgenic mice by stimulating Sema3A expression, inhibiting EndMT markers, reducing atrial fibrosis, and lowering AF vulnerability. This suggests therapeutic potential for naringin in AF treatment.
The telocytes relationship with satellite cells: Extracellular vesicles mediate the myotendinous junction remodeling
Authors: Pimentel Neto Jurandyr , Batista Rodrigo Daniel , Rocha‐Braga Lara Caetano , Chacur Marucia , Camargo Paula Oliveira , Ciena Adriano Polican 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe peripheral nerve injury (PNI) affects the morphology of the whole locomotor apparatus, which can reach the myotendinous junction (MTJ) interface. In the injury condition, the skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) are triggered, activated, and proliferated to repair their structure, and in the MTJ, the telocytes (TC) are associated to support the interface with the need for remodeling; in that way, these cells can be associated with SC. The study aimed to describe the SC and TC relationship after PNI at the MTJ. Sixteen adult Wistar rats were divided into Control Group (C, n = 8) and PNI Group (PNI, n = 8), PNI was performed by the constriction of the sciatic nerve. The samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy and immunostaining analysis. In the C group was evidenced the arrangement of sarcoplasmic evaginations and invaginations, the support collagen layer with a TC inside it, and an SC through vesicles internally and externally to then. In the PNI group were observed the disarrangement of invaginations and evaginations and sarcomeres degradation at MTJ, as the disposition of telopodes adjacent and in contact to the SC with extracellular vesicles and exosomes in a characterized paracrine activity. These findings can determine a link between the TCs and the SCs at the MTJ remodeling.Research Highlights
Peripheral nerve injury promotes the myotendinous junction (MTJ) remodeling.
The telocytes (TC) and the satellite cells (SC) are present at the myotendinous interface.
TC mediated the SC activity at MTJ.
Y‐box binding protein 1 in small extracellular vesicles reduces mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to osteoblasts—implications for acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Chetty Venkatesh Kumar , Ghanam Jamal , Lichá Kristína , Brenzel Alexandra , Reinhardt Dirk , Thakur Basant Kumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released by acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells have been reported to influence the trilineage differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs). However, it remains elusive which biological cargo from AML‐sEVs is responsible for this effect. In this study, sEVs were isolated from cell‐conditioned media and blood plasma using size‐exclusion chromatography and ultrafiltration and characterized according to MISEV2018 guidelines. Our results demonstrated that AML‐sEVs increased the proliferation of BM‐MSCs. Conversely, key proteins that are important for normal haematopoiesis were downregulated in BM‐MSCs. Additionally, we revealed that AML‐sEVs significantly reduced the differentiation of BM‐MSCs to osteoblasts without affecting adipogenic or chondrogenic differentiation. Next, LC‐MS/MS proteomics elucidated that various proteins, including Y‐box‐binding protein 1 (YBX1), were upregulated in both AML‐sEVs and BM‐MSCs treated with AML‐sEVs. Clinically relevant, we found that YBX1 is considerably upregulated in most paediatric AML patient‐derived sEVs compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, sEVs isolated after the downregulation of YBX1 in AML cells remarkably rescued the osteoblastic differentiation of BM‐MSCs. Altogether, our data demonstrate for the first time that YBX1 containing AML‐sEVs is one of the key players that disrupt the normal function of bone marrow microenvironment by reducing the osteogenic differentiation of BM‐MSCs.
Flip distance and triangulations of a polyhedron
Authors: Wang Zili 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is known that the flip distance between two triangulations of a convex polygon is related to the smallest number of tetrahedra in the triangulation of some polyhedron. The latter was used to compute the diameter of the flip graph of convex polygons with a large number of vertices. However, it is yet unknown whether the flip distance and this smallest number of tetrahedra are always the same or even close. In this work, we find examples to show that the ratio between these two numbers can be arbitrarily close to . We also propose two conjectures in the end, one about this ratio, and the other may have some implications on when two triangulations can achieve maximal distance.
Synthesis, anticancer evaluation and in silico studies of novel N‐substituted arylidenethiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives as adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase activators
Authors: Chothani Savankumar R. , Chamakiya Chirag A. , Joshi Rupal J. , Karmur Manisha B. , Karmur Sheetal B. , Varu Hardik L. , Pissurlenkar Raghuvir R. S. , Patel Anilkumar S. , Kapuriya Naval P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesign and development of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for various types of cancers. In this context, thiazolidine 2,4‐dione was invariably found as an important skeleton for the development of new lead compounds. The present study described the synthesis and antitumor evaluation of new hybrids of N‐substituted arylidenethiazolidine‐2,4‐diones as AMPK activators. The in vitro results revealed that several of newly prepared compounds exhibited significant anticancer activity against human prostate cancer (PC3) and breast cancer (MDMB‐231) cell growths with IC50 in the range of 2–10 μM. Particularly, molecular hybridization of thiazolidine 2,4‐dione with N‐2‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol and azaindole (compound 16) was the most effective among the series against both PC3 and MDMB‐231 cell lines with IC50 4.28 and 2.5 μM, respectively. Western blot analysis of these thiazolidine 2,4‐dione hybrids showed increased (p)‐AMPK level in the PC‐3 cells indicating direct activation of AMPK. The docking studies at the interface of activator binding site of the AMPK reinforced the in vitro results of potent compounds 13, 16, and 25 having low docking scores −9.0, −9.5, and −9.1 Kcal/mol, respectively.
Genetic aetiologies of acute liver failure
Authors: Hegarty Robert , Thompson Richard J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, rapidly evolving, clinical syndrome with devastating consequences where definitive treatment is by emergency liver transplantation. Establishing a diagnosis can be challenging and, historically, the cause of ALF was unidentified in up to half of children. However, recent technological and clinical advances in genomic medicine have led to an increasing proportion being diagnosed with monogenic aetiologies of ALF. The conditions encountered include a diverse group of inherited metabolic disorders each with prognostic and treatment implications. Often these disorders are clinically indistinguishable and may even mimic disorders of immune regulation or red cell disorders. Rapid genomic sequencing for children with ALF is, therefore, a key component in the diagnostic work up today. This review focuses on the monogenic aetiologies of ALF.