bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arteriovenous shunt construction for vascular access in the rat
Authors: Korber Kenneth E. , Flye M. Wayne 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA method is described that allows high‐frequency venous and arterial blood sampling in the laboratory rat. After distal ligation and division of the external jugular vein and carotid artery, sections of Teflon intravenous catheters are inserted and secured with circumferential ligatures. Between these Teflon segments, a vascular circuit is maintained with the interposition of silicone tubing. The silicone tube segment has been filled with heparinized saline, divided in half, and joined at its center by another segment of the catheter. This in situ arteriovenous (AV) shunt system is secured in the neck of the host animal by creating a subcutaneous tunnel and externalization of a portion of the shunt loop. The shunt facilitates repetitive blood sampling from the conscious rat. The procedure time is approximately 45 minutes, and patency can be assured over several days. Additional uses of the system include pretreatment injection protocols and postoperative drug therapy.
Microvascular transfers of latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscles in rats
Authors: de la Pena Jose Abel , Lineaweaver William , Buncke Harry J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe thoracodorsal artery supplies the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior in the rat in the same fashion as in the human. In the rat, the thoracodorsal artery and vein average 0.57 mm and 0.71 mm in diameter, respectively, at their origins and can be used as pedicles averaging 19 mm in length to the latissimus dorsi muscle and 27 mm to the serratus anterior muscle. We successfully transferred both of these muscles to groin vessels by means of end‐to‐end or end‐to‐side anastomoses. The serratus anterior muscle was technically easier to transfer because its pedicle was longer. We conclude that the serratus anterior transfer in the rat is a feasible animal model for microvascular muscle transfer and may be a useful standard model for pharmacological and biochemical studies in transplanted muscle.
Comparison of skin surface fluorescence and fluorescein tissue concentration with the dermatofluorometer
Authors: Weinberg Hubert , Pozez Andrea 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecently sodium fluorescein has been used to determine viability of tissue and assess blood flow. No study, however, has documented the correlation of surface fluorescence as measured by the dermatofluorometer with the actual distribution of fluorescein in tissue. Abdominal skin flaps were raised on Sprague‐Dawley rats. Following intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein, skin surface fluorescence was measured and compared with tissue fluorescein concentration. This study confirms that skin surface fluorescence correlates well with actual fluorescein distribution in tissue. Furthermore, the study clearly illustrates the statistically significant variation of surface fluorescence as a function of distance from the vascular pedicle.
Microsurgery in China and the development of western reconstructive microsurgery
Authors: Cooney W. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe development of extremity replantation and reconstructive microsurgery was initially carried out independently among the pioneering centers throughout the world. The comparative development of these techniques is outlined. With the fast growth of microsurgical procedures, many of the U.S. residency programs have incorporated microsurgery training into the curriculum.
Induction of experimental aneurysms on the rat common carotid artery using a microsurgical CO2 laser
Authors: Ammirati Mario , Ciric Ivan , Rabin Eleanor 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAneurysms were produced on the common carotid artery of rats by milliwatt CO2 laser welding of an adventitia patch over a hole. Sixty‐nine animals were operated on. Aneurysms were present in 35 animals (51%), 7 of which ruptured spontaneously. The time to aneurysm formation was 1 week or longer. The adventitia patch aneurysm model has features (reliability, minimal vessel manipulation, histology similar to human berry aneurysm, and spontaneous bleeding tendency) that make it theoretically suitable for the induction of intracranial aneurysms in experimental animals. The microsurgical skills required to create and dissect the aneurysm make our experimental aneurysm useful as a teaching model in the development of microneurovascular surgery skills.
Microvascular reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus with free jejunal graft
Authors: McDonough John J. , Gluckman Jack L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFree jejunal graft reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus has become reliable one‐stage technique, but the microsurgeon must be aware of numerous pitfalls. Forty‐two patients were retrospectively reviewed. There were four graft failures for a success rate of 90.5%. When harvesting the graft the thick fatty mesentery may make dissection difficult, and injuries to the mesenteric artery and vein can occur. Neck preparation can be tedius because of previous radiation, and size discrepancies with the carotid branches and the mesenteric artery are seen. Intimal dissection of the mesenteric artery can present as an isolated flap or a circumferential “rosette,” despite the most careful preparation of the vessels; and great care must be taken in the microvascular anastomosis. The end‐to‐end arterial anastomosis to a branch of the external carotid and an end‐to‐side venous anastomosis to the internal jugular were preferred. Vein grafts are occasionally necessary.
Immediate microvascular reconstruction of combined palatal and midfacial defects using soft tissue only
Authors: Shestak Kenneth C. , Schusterman Mark A. , Jones Neil Ford , Johnson Jonas T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMaxillary and midface defects with or without orbital involvement are disfiguring and disabling problems especially in the elderly cancer patient. Often, palatal prostheses are required to enable speech and swallowing. Elderly patients or those with compromised vision often find these appliances cumbersome and difficult to manage. To help obviate these problems a onestage method of immediate palatal reconstruction was needed to obturate the palate and restore facial contour. Over the past 18 months six patients have undergone immediate reconstruction of complex, composite defects of the maxillary and midface structures after tumor extirpation, three of which extended into the orbit. The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was utilized because of its bulk, reliable anatomy, ample pedicle length and diameter, and minimal donor site morbidity. No flap loss, suture line dehiscence, or infection occurred. All patients were capable of deglutition and intelligible speech. This technique is a one‐stage reconstruction of the palate and accompanying defects of the midface and maxilla that obviates the need for cumbersome palatal appliances.
Reconstruction of complex cranial and carniofacial defects utilizing iliac crest‐internal oblique microsurgical free flap
Authors: Shenaq Saleh M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReconstruction of complex cranial and craniofacial defects was accomplished in three patients. The defects were secondary to osteomyelitis, irradiation and infection, and failed reconstruction by alloplastic material. Defects averaged 11.5 × 12.5 cm in diameter. The iliac crest‐internal oblique microsurgical free flap was used in reconstruction of these defects in combination with split rib bone grafts. Satisfactory restoration of contour and continuity of the cranium was achieved in all patients with minimal donor‐site morbidity. We introduce this method for reconstruction of complex cranial and craniofacial defects as a new concept in reconstruction. The results of our experience, although limited, have proven its validity. The muscle portion of the flap enhances the survival of the nonvascularized rib grafts and their contouring effect.
The relationship between structural features of peripheral nerves and suture methods for nerve repair
Authors: Zhong Shi‐Zhen , Wang Guo‐Ying , He Yun‐Shao , Sun Bo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBased on techniques for identifying and distinguishing motor, sensory, and mixed fasciculi in peripheral nerves, the authors propose guidelines for selecting suture methods for nerve repair. When many mixed fasciculi are known to exist at the nerve lesion, epineurial repair is preferable; fascicular (perineurial) repair is more suitable when pure motor and sensory fasciculi are clearly recognized. Generally, epineurial repair is indicated for more proximal injuries, with fascicular repair most appropriate for more distal sites. A greater ratio of epineurial connective tissue to intrafascicular nervous tissue implies an inclination toward fascicular repair.
Microvascular replantation in a seven‐month‐old girl: A case report
Authors: Gaul John S. , Nunley James A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReplantation of an amputated digit in a child demands special techniques for success. Our experiences with replantation in this age group have shown that although these patients have a lower viability rate after digital replantation, those digits that do survive develop excellent function. In this case report of a 7‐month‐old with an amputated thumb, the indications, techniques, and prognosis of replantation in children are discussed.
Improving micrograft patency
Authors: Nichter Larry S. , Bindiger Alan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo help clarify many of the controversial issues affecting early microvascular graft patency, a series of experiments was performed comparing the relative importance of graft material used alone and in conjunction with antiplatelet agents. Using a rat carotid model employing 1 cm micrografts with 1 mm luminal diameter, this study demonstrated that 1) untreated 1 mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and human umbilical vein (HUV) micrografts have unacceptably low patency rates; 2) treatment with the antiplatelet agents indomethacin, ibuprofen, and aspirin significantly improved micrograft patency; 3) differences in patency among the three agents were not significant; and 4) PTFE had higher patency rates than HUV, although this difference did not achieve significance.
Orthotopic knee grafts in rats: A model for growth plate transplantation
Authors: Manfrini Marco , Randolph Mark A. , Andrisano Angelo , Weiland Andrew J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA model for orthotopic whole knee transplantation in syngeneic Lewis rats is presented. The donor knee was isolated on the femoral vessels 1 cm superior and inferior to the knee joint. A minimal muscle cuff was left attached to ensure adequate circulation to the graft via the popliteal vessels. The graft was transplanted to the recipient animal and secured in an orthotopic position by two intramedullary Kirschner wires. The graft pedicle was anastomosed to the recipient's femoral vessels and the muscular elements sutured. Preliminary results are reported, and future implications on growth plate autograft transplantation are discussed.
Surgical correction of severe knee pterygium
Authors: Garsman Gary M. , Bennett James B. , Cain Thomas E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractKnee flexion contracture secondary to a severe pterygium is a disabling condition. Full surgical correction has not been possible because of the sciatic nerve and its terminal branches. Our technique to obtain full correction is to divide the nerve near the neuromuscular junction and bridge the defect with multiple sural nerve cable grafts. Microscopic technique is used.
IgG Antisperm antibodies attached to sperm do not correlate with infertility following vasovasostomy
Authors: Newton Robert A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe sperm of 12 men postvasovasostomy was tested for antisperm antibodies by means of a mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test. Agglutinating antibodies were found in 58% of these patients: 50% of the men whose partners became pregnant and 75% of those whose partners did not become pregnant. No significant difference in the level of antibody attachment could be found between the fertile group and the infertile group. Damage to the testis and epididymis following vasectomy seems more likely to interfere with subsequent fertility following vasectomy reversal.
Successful replantation of a bitten‐off nose by microvascular anastomosis
Authors: Tajima Sadao , Ueda Koichi , Tanaka Yoshio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA case is presented of a nose bitten off by a dog and successfully replanted by artery‐to‐artery and artery‐to‐vein anastomosis. In the absence of vein‐to‐vein anastomosis, the clinical course suggested that artery‐to‐vein anastomosis was useful for venous drainage, although the extent to which this contributed to the survival is not known.
Effect of phosphoenolpyruvate and adenosine triphosphate on rabbit skeletal muscle after ischaemia: Preliminary biochemical study
Authors: Khazanchi Rakesh Kumar , Knight Kenneth R. , Angel Michael F. , Pederson W. Christopher , Coe Serena A. , McC. O'brien Bernard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present study examined the effect of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on rabbit skeletal muscle flap survival after warm ischaemia.Two muscle flap models, rectus femoris pedicle flap and latissimus dorsi free flap, were subjected to a total ischaemia of 4 hours at 37°C and 20°C, respectively. Immediately prior to revascularisation, the muscles were infused with either Hanks' balanced salt solution (BSS) or Hanks' BSS containing 200 μmol PEP and 6.6 μmol ATP. Quantification of muscle damage was determined by measuring the plasma levels of creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, potassium, and phosphate at 0, 2, 24, and 96 hours after revascularisation. Infusion of PEP/ATP compared with Hanks' BSS alone significantly decreased the efflux of CK in both rectus femoris (P< 0.025) and latissimus dorsi muscles (P< 0.05) and of LDH in the rectus femoris muscle (P< 0.01). No significant changes were observed, however, for the plasma levels of lactate, potassium, and phosphate. From this study it was concluded that PEP and ATP partially protect skeletal muscle from ischaemia and reperfusion injury.
Arterialization of liver transplants in rats: I. Application of the tissue perfusion monitor in hemodynamic studies
Authors: Lee Sun , D'silva Milbhor , Dennis Rick , Glassford Edmund , Moossa A. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study demonstrates the use of the tissue perfusion monitor in the investigation of arterialization (using an arteriovenous fistula) of the heterotopic partial liver transplant. An index of peak perfusion rate was introduced as a reliable and accurate measure of the index of delivery rate of blood to the liver. Results revealed a significant (P <.01) difference between arterialized and nonarterialized liver grafts when compared with their respective recipient host livers. Arterialization of grafted livers raised the index of peak perfusion rate to levels that were comparable to host livers. Arterialization also had a significant effect (P <.01) on the host liver, whose values dropped by 74.26% when compared with the normal liver. Surprisingly, host values of the nonarterialized group fell by 61.54%. At this point, explanations for this phenomenon are speculatory. An extensive review of the literature exposes the variability in the observations of the role and usefulness of arterialization in hepatocellular function.
Strength of microvascular anastomoses: Comparison between the unilink anastomotic system and sutures
Authors: Gilbert Ralph W. , Ragnarsson Rafn , Berggren Anders , Östrup Leif 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Unilink system, a mechanical anastomotic device, was compared with standard suture techniques in terms of anastomotic strength under conditions of uniaxial loading. Twenty‐five rabbits underwent Unilink and suture anastomosis of both carotid arteries and facial veins. Animals were sacrificed at 1 hour (five animals), 2 weeks (10 animals), and 16 weeks (10 animals), and all vessels were tested by constant loading in a material testing machine. The maximum load required to disrupt the anastomosis as well as the site of vessel failure were recorded.All 100 anastomoses were fully patent as evaluated by clinical testing. At 1 hour and 2 weeks, the Unilink arterial anastomoses were consistently and significantly stronger than the sutured anastomoses. At 16 weeks the sutured arterial anastomoses were significantly stronger than Unilink. The Unilink anastomoses, however, remained approximately 50% stronger than unoperated normal vessels. No statistical differences were observed in the strength of venous anastomoses at any of the intervals tested. There were no statistical differences in the sites of failure of the vessels under loading (i.e., at the anastomosis or proximal or distal to it) between the two techniques.
An animal study of different treatments to prevent postoperative pelvic adhesions
Authors: Graebe Robert A. , Cornelison Terri Lynn , Pan Sie‐Bin , Haseltine Florence P. , De Cherney Alan H. , Oelsner Gabriel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA study was designed to test various high‐molecular‐weight solutions in the prevention of postoperative intraabdominal adhesions. The bicornuate rat uterus was used as the surgical model, and 80 mature white female rats underwent surgical injury of the right uterine horn. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: groups A, B, and C received 5 ml intraperitoneally of chondroitin sulfate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and 32% dextran 70, respectively; group D was treated with microsurgical repair; and group E, the control, received no therapy. The animals were killed postoperatively, and the adhesions were scored. Significantly better results in adhesion prevention were demonstrated in the sodium carboxymethylcellulose group vs. the other groups, except in group A where the difference was not significant.
Tubulation for peripheral nerve gap: Its history and possibility
Authors: Suematsu Noriaki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA large gap in peripheral nerve will not allow effective regeneration unless a grafting conduit is used to bridge the defect. Conventionally, nerve tissue has been used as such a conduit in nerve reconstruction; however, results from techniques using these grafts are often unsatisfactory. A number of recent investigations have indicated that nerve fibers will regenerate through a nonneural tube. The purpose of this review is: 1) to provide an overview of the various tubulation techniques previously reported for peripheral nerve gap repair; 2) to investigate new possibilities for enhancing the regenerative capacity of nerves following these tubulation techniques by drawing from technical innovations in microsurgery and recent progress in immunology and neurobiology. The interposed graft thus may perform a more positive role, not merely as a pathway for deregenerating axons, but as a source for neuronotrophic factors and neurite‐promoting factors, which would nurture and guide the neurons and axons. Such modifications in graft materials may lead to clinical applications of tubulation of nerve defects that would result in an improvement in clinical results.
Heel reconstruction with an iliac osteocutaneous free flap in a child
Authors: Shenaq Saleh M. , Dinh Tue A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a case of heel reconstruction in a 13‐month‐old child in one stage. An iliac crest osteomyocutaneous free flap based on the deep circumflex vessels was transferred using microsurgical techniques. The apophysis of the os calcis was replaced with a portion of the iliac epiphysis to allow normal growth of the heel. At age 2 years, the patient is walking normally and wearing regular shoes of equal size. Gait analysis reveals normal ambulation.
Effect of heparinized irrigating solutions on patency of experimental microvascular anastomoses
Authors: Zinberg Ephraim M. , Choo Daniel I. , Zotter Leslie Ann 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of five different irrigating solutions on patency of four different types of microvascular anastomoses was studied. The solutions used were lactated Ringer's without heparin and four lactated Ringer's solutions with varying concentrations of heparin ranging from 10,000 units/liter to 100,000 units/liter. These were tested on four different anastomotic models in the rat: 1) end‐to‐end femoral arterial anastomosis; 2) end‐to‐side arterial bypass graft; 3) end‐to‐end venous anastomosis; and 4) end‐to‐side venous bypass graft. There were statistically significant differences in patency rates among the solutions only in the end‐to‐end venous anastomosis group. In these, significantly higher patency was achieved with heparinized lactated Ringer's solution at 20,000 units/liter. The use of higher concentrations of heparin in these solutions resulted in decreasing patency rates and appears to be contraindicated.
Sequential changes of noradrenaline content of vein grafts in rats: Quantitative estimation by high‐performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection
Authors: Hukki Jyri , Attila Martti , Haikala Heimo , Castren Maaret , Lähteenmäki Tapani , Smitten Karl V. , Waris Timo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSupradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava was transplanted end‐to‐end into the abdominal aorta of 11 ‐week‐old rats of the same inbred strain and same litter using microvascular technique. The grafts were removed 3 days, 4,8,16, and 35 weeks postoperatively, and their noradrenaline (NA) content was estimated by high‐performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection. The amount of NA was significantly lower (P <.001) in all vein grafts as compared to nontransplanted vena cava. The substantial decrease of NA in the vein grafts throughout the observation period indicates a persistent denervation of the transplant.
Regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve after different conditioning lesions: Effects of the conditioning interval
Authors: Arntz Craig , Kanje Martin , Lundborg Göran 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRegeneration of the rat sciatic nerve was studied after a crush lesion (test lesion) on nerves previously subjected to a conditioning lesion. The test lesion was made approximately 30 mm proximal to the conditioning lesion. The period between the conditioning lesion and the test lesion was varied. Regeneration was measured by the pinch test. The conditioning procedure increased the rate of axonal elongation and decreased the initial delay. Conditioning intervals between 14 hours and 4 days were sufficient to increase the regeneration distance significantly, but only until day 4. If the conditioning interval was prolonged to 7 or 14 days, the conditioning effect persisted until day 6. A conditioning effect also was produced by transaction of the sciatic nerve and by local compression produced with a silicone tube. The results of this study demonstrate that the type of injury and the conditioning intervals are important determinants in producing the conditioning effect in the rat.
Comparison of sciatic nerve regeneration through silicone tubes and nerve allografts
Authors: Gibson Karen L. , Daniloff Joanne K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSciatic nerve regeneration through implanted silicone tubes was compared to allogenic nerve grafting in 30 adult female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Regeneration was assessed at 10, 24, and 90 days post‐transection. Axonal regrowth through the implanted neural prostheses was evaluated with electromyography and histologic examination.
Complications from silicon‐polymer intubulation of nerves
Authors: Merle Michel , Lee Dellon A. , Campbell James N. , Chang Peter S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree cases are reported to illustrate the potential danger of silicon—polymer intubulation of nerve for either nerve repair or following neurolysis. Since silicon‐polymer intubulation of nerve is now a proven model for producing chronic nerve compression, its use clinically may be contraindicated where neural regeneration is the desired goal.