bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Actinidia: applications of a cross species EST database for gene discovery in the areas of flavor, health, color and ripening
Authors: Crowhurst Ross N , Gleave Andrew P , MacRae Elspeth A , Ampomah-Dwamena Charles , Atkinson Ross G , Beuning Lesley L , Bulley Sean M , Chagne David , Marsh Ken B , Matich Adam J , Montefiori Mirco , Newcomb Richard D , Schaffer Robert J , Usadel Björn , Allan Andrew C , Boldingh Helen L , Bowen Judith H , Davy Marcus W , Eckloff Rheinhart , Ferguson A Ross , Fraser Lena G , Gera Emma , Hellens Roger P , Janssen Bart J , Klages Karin , Lo Kim R , MacDiarmid Robin M , Nain Bhawana , McNeilage Mark A , Rassam Maysoon , Richardson Annette C , Rikkerink Erik HA , Ross Gavin S , Schröder Roswitha , Snowden Kimberley C , Souleyre Edwige JF , Templeton Matt D , Walton Eric F , Wang Daisy , Wang Mindy Y , Wang Yanming Y , Wood Marion , Wu Rongmei , Yauk Yar-Khing , Laing William A 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Background
Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) are a relatively new, but economically important crop grown in many different parts of the world. Commercial success is driven by the development of new cultivars with novel consumer traits including flavor, appearance, healthful components and convenience. To increase our understanding of the genetic diversity and gene-based control of these key traits in Actinidia, we have produced a collection of 132,577 expressed sequence tags (ESTs).

Results
The ESTs were derived mainly from four Actinidia species (A. chinensis, A. deliciosa, A. arguta and A. eriantha) and fell into 41,858 non redundant clusters (18,070 tentative consensus sequences and 23,788 EST singletons). Analysis of flavor and fragrance-related gene families (acyltransferases and carboxylesterases) and pathways (terpenoid biosynthesis) is presented in comparison with a chemical analysis of the compounds present in Actinidia including esters, acids, alcohols and terpenes. ESTs are identified for most genes in color pathways controlling chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis. In the health area, data are presented on the ESTs involved in ascorbic acid and quinic acid biosynthesis showing not only that genes for many of the steps in these pathways are represented in the database, but that genes encoding some critical steps are absent. In the convenience area, genes related to different stages of fruit softening are identified.

Conclusion
This large EST resource will allow researchers to undertake the tremendous challenge of understanding the molecular basis of genetic diversity in the Actinidia genus as well as provide an EST resource for comparative fruit genomics. The various bioinformatics analyses we have undertaken demonstrates the extent of coverage of ESTs for genes encoding different biochemical pathways in Actinidia.
Fluoride content and recharge ability of five glassionomer dental materials
Authors: Markovic Dejan Lj , Petrovic Bojan B , Peric Tamara O 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Background
The relationship between fluoride content and fluoride release for glass-ionomer cements is not well understood. The aim of this laboratory study was: to determine the fluoride concentrations at the surfaces of glass-ionomer materials with respect to different storage media and different pH environments; to examine the recharge ability of the materials after NaF immersion; and to assess the morphological changes at the material surfaces using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopic techniques (SEM/EDS).

Methods
Five glass-ionomer materials, Fuji Triage (FT), Fuji II LC (FII), Fuji VIII (FVIII), Fuji IX GP (FIX), and Ketac N100 (KN), were analyzed in this study. Resin-based fluoride releasing material Helioseal F (HSF) was used as a comparison material. The sample consisted of 120 cured cement disks (n = 20 disks of each tested material, 10 × 1.5 mm). Five disks of each material were stored in 4 different storage media (I- saline, II- acidic solution ph = 2.5, III- acid solution ph = 5.5, IV- NaF solution (c = 500/106). After 7 days, two disks of each material were transferred from media I, II and III to the NaF solution for 3 min. EDS analysis was conducted in 3 randomly selected spots of each experimental disk. SEM was used to determine morphological characteristics of the material surface. Differences between the experimental groups have been analyzed using Student's t-test with the level of significance set at p < 0.001.

Results
FT showed the highest fluoride content at the surface of the material. The lowest amounts of fluoride ions were detected at the surfaces of the FT disks stored at low pH environments, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Glass-ionomers showed significantly higher fluoride concentrations when compared to the HSF (p < 0.001). After immersion in the NaF solution, fluoride concentrations at the surfaces of the disks increased when compared with previous storage media (FT>FVIII>KN>FII>FIX). SEM analysis of the surface morphology revealed numerous voids, cracks and microporosities in all experimental groups, except for KN and HSF. More homogenous material structure with more discrete cracks was observed in samples stored at neutral pH environment, compared to disks stored in acidic solutions.

Conclusion
The tested materials could be considered as promising dental materials with potential prophylactic characteristics due to their relatively high fluoride content, but also the ability to extensively reabsorb fluoride ions, especially in acidic environments.
SURFIN4.1, a schizont-merozoite associated protein in the SURFIN family of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Mphande Fingani A , Ribacke Ulf , Kaneko Osamu , Kironde Fred , Winter Gerhard , Wahlgren Mats 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Background
In its effort to survive the human immune system, Plasmodium falciparum uses several parasite-derived antigens most of which are expressed at the surface of the parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs). Recently SURFINs, a new family of antigens encoded by the surf multi-gene family, has been reported. One member of the family, SURFIN4.2, was found present both at the pRBC-surface and at the merozoite apex.

Methods
The presence of a second SURFIN member, SURFIN4.1 (PFD0100c, PFD0105c) is reported here. Bioinformatic tools were used to study the structure of the surf
4.1 gene. To investigate the expression of surf genes PCR and real-time quantitative PCR (Rt-QPCR) were employed and Northern and Western blots were used to confirm the size of the surf
4.1 gene and the SURFIN4.1 protein respectively. Localization of SURFIN4.1 was determined using immunofluorescence assays.

Results
The surf
4.1 gene was found present in one copy by Rt-QPCR in some parasites (3D7AH1, 3D7S8, 7G8) whereas six copies of the gene were identified in FCR3 and FCR3S1.2. surf
4.1 was found transcribed in the late asexual stages of the parasite beginning ≈32 hours post invasion and throughout the schizont stages with the level of transcription peaking at late schizogony. The levels of transcript correlated with the number of gene copies in FCR3 and 3D7S8. surf
4.1 was found to encode a polypeptide of ≈Mw 258 kDa (SURFIN4.1) present within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV), around free merozoites as merozoite-associated material, but not at the pRBC-surface. Despite multiple surf
4.1 gene copies in some parasites this was not reflected in the levels of SURFIN4.1 polypeptide.

Conclusion
SURFIN4.1 is a member of the SURFINs, present in the PV and on the released merozoite. The results suggest different SURFINs to be expressed at different locations in the parasite and at distinct time-points during the intra-erythrocytic cycle.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification as an emerging technology for detection of Yersinia ruckerithe causative agent of enteric red mouth disease in fish
Authors: Saleh Mona , Soliman Hatem , El-Matbouli Mansour 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Background
Enteric Redmouth (ERM) disease also known as Yersiniosis is a contagious disease affecting salmonids, mainly rainbow trout. The causative agent is the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia ruckeri. The disease can be diagnosed by isolation and identification of the causative agent, or detection of the Pathogen using fluorescent antibody tests, ELISA and PCR assays. These diagnostic methods are laborious, time consuming and need well trained personnel.

Results
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed and evaluated for detection of Y. ruckeri the etiological agent of enteric red mouth (ERM) disease in salmonids. The assay was optimised to amplify the yruI/yruR gene, which encodes Y. ruckeri quorum sensing system, in the presence of a specific primer set and Bst DNA polymerase at an isothermal temperature of 63°C for one hour. Amplification products were detected by visual inspection, agarose gel electrophoresis and by real-time monitoring of turbidity resulted by formation of LAMP amplicons. Digestion with HphI restriction enzyme demonstrated that the amplified product was unique. The specificity of the assay was verified by the absence of amplification products when tested against related bacteria. The assay had 10-fold higher sensitivity compared with conventional PCR and successfully detected Y. ruckeri not only in pure bacterial culture but also in tissue homogenates of infected fish.

Conclusion
The ERM-LAMP assay represents a practical alternative to the microbiological approach for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of Y. ruckeri in fish farms. The assay is carried out in one hour and needs only a heating block or water bath as laboratory furniture. The advantages of the ERM-LAMP assay make it a promising tool for molecular detection of enteric red mouth disease in fish farms.
A review of imaging techniques for systems biology
Authors: Kherlopian Armen R , Song Ting , Duan Qi , Neimark Mathew A , Po Ming J , Gohagan John K , Laine Andrew F 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
This paper presents a review of imaging techniques and of their utility in system biology. During the last decade systems biology has matured into a distinct field and imaging has been increasingly used to enable the interplay of experimental and theoretical biology. In this review, we describe and compare the roles of microscopy, ultrasound, CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), PET (Positron Emission Tomography), and molecular probes such as quantum dots and nanoshells in systems biology. As a unified application area among these different imaging techniques, examples in cancer targeting are highlighted.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the kidney with vena caval and atrial tumour thrombus: a case report
Authors: Ong Poh Ho , Manikandan Ramaswamy , Philip Joe , Hope Kirsten , Williamson Michael 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Renal primitive neuroectodermal tumour is an extremely rare malignancy.

Case presentation
A 21-year-old woman presented with microscopic haematuria, a palpable right loin mass, dyspnoea, dizziness and fatigue. Initial ultrasound scan of the kidneys revealed an 11 cm right renal mass with venous extension into the inferior vena cava. Computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen revealed an extension of the large renal mass into the right renal vein, inferior vena cava and up to the right atrium. A small paracaval lymph node was noted and three small metastatic nodules were identified within the lung parenchyma. The patient underwent a radical nephrectomy and inferior vena caval tumour (level IV) thrombectomy with cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Immunohistochemical staining of the specimen showed a highly specific cluster of differentiation (CD) 99, thus confirming the diagnosis of a primitive neuroectodermal tumour.

Conclusion
It is important that a renal primitive neuroectodermal tumour be considered, particularly in young patients with a renal mass and extensive thrombus.
Solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis in rectosigmoid carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Musallam Khaled M , Taher Ali T , Tawil Ayman N , Chakhachiro Zaher I , Habbal Moh'd Z , Shamseddine Ali I 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Colorectal cancer most commonly metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes, liver, bone, lung, and brain. Metastases to mediastinal lymph nodes is a rare entity which has never been reported to be solitary.

Case report
We herein describe a 67-year-old male patient with a solitary mediastinal lymph node metastasis three years following the resection of his primary rectosigmoid carcinoma. Pathological characteristics of the metastatic tissue and technical limitations in imaging modalities resulted in incongruity between follow-up CT and PET scans. Diagnosis of this distant metastasis has been confirmed through a mediastinoscopic biopsy.

Conclusion
Attention should be paid to the mediastinum when evaluating PET scan or CT films during follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer. Using PET/CT instead of separate morphological and functional data sets favors better detection. Questions still remain concerning the ideal management protocol of such a presentation, the two main options being locoregional or chemotherapeutic.
Massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage due to gastritis cystica profunda
Authors: Itte Vinay , Mallick Ismail H , Moore Peter J 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Gastritis Cystica Profunda is a well recognized entity which may occur several years after previous gastric surgery. This is a premalignant condition and may lead on to carcinoma of the stomach.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 50-year-old man with epigastric pain and haematemesis. 28 years ago he had undergone partial gastrectomy and gastroenterostomy for benign gastric ulcer. An Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a possible bleeding vessel on the anterior wall lesser curve of the stomach. The lesion was injected with adrenaline 1 in 100,000. In spite of the intervention he continued to have haemetemesis with significant haemodynamic impairment. At exploratory laparotomy, an oedematous ridge on the posterior wall with a bleeding point on the posterior gastric wall. Histology showed features consistent with gastritis cystica profunda. He made an excellent post-operative recovery.

Conclusion
We suggest that patients who are diagnosed with gastritis cystica profunda should be regularly followed up as this is a premalignant condition.
Successful removal of a giant intrathoracic lipoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Hagmaier Ramona M , Nelson Glenn A , Daniels Larkin J , Riker Adam I 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
We report a case of a 44-year old female who presented to her physician complaining of mild dyspnea. A follow-up chest X-ray and chest computed tomography scan revealed a giant bilateral intrathoracic mass, filling the right thoracic cavity and extending across the anterior mediastinum into the left chest cavity. This large mass caused a marked shift in the midline structures, displacing the heart to the left hemi-thorax. The patient underwent surgical removal of the thoracic and breast mass, with histologic examination confirming the diagnosis of a giant intrathoracic lipoma, weighing 4,320 grams and measured 34 × 28 × 11 cm. It is the largest intrathoracic lipoma documented in the modern literature.
IV. Parental Personality and Attitude and Childhood Psychoses
Authors: Kolvin I. , Garside R. F. , Kidd J. S. H. 
Published: August 2008

It is a common assumption in child psychiatry that the personality and attitudes of parents exert a fundamental influence on the developing child. This hypothesis merits careful examination. The authors were particularly interested in testing it in relation to aberrant personalities and undeniable psychiatric disorder in childhood. Theoretically there are two main methodological steps;
(i)The proving of a correlation between parental and childhood variables. The present paper concentrates on this step.(ii)experimental or other studies to demon strate causal relationships between these variables.
Prospective Study into Puerperal Depression
Authors: Dalton Katharina 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA prospective study of mood changes through pregnancy and puerperium was undertaken by a research group centred on the North Middlesex Hospital, Edmonton, London. Data collected from 189 women revealed an evolution of mood changes in those who later developed puerperal depression, which was characterized by anxiety at the first ante-natal visit, elation during later pregnancy and depression in the puerperium. The findings were in agreement with other workers in this field. The arguments in favour of a hormonal aetiology of puerperal depression are presented.
A Psychiatric Service for the Disturbed Adolescent
Authors: Evans J. , Acton W. P. 
Published: August 2008

The recognition of the need for psychiatric services for disturbed adolescents led to the opening of the first two adolescent in-patients units in Great Britain in 1949. As a result of community pressures and active encouragement by the Department of Health and Social Security since 1964, an increasing number of units have opened. Although the provision of psychiatric services specially designed to cater for the adolescent has gained momentum only in the past three to five years, the demands of this section of the population is underlined by Rosen et al. (1965) who showed, in an American survey of 750,000 clinic patients seen in 1962, that approximately one-quarter were aged between ten and nineteen years—a number representing 6 · 2 per thousand adolescents of the population served. Similar figures, namely, 6 · 6 per thousand (Kidd et al., 1968), were found in Aberdeen, and 5 · 6 per thousand (Henderson et al., 1967) were found in Edinburgh. Since an adolescent psychiatric service was opened in Edinburgh in 1967, there has been a continual increase in the demand for its services, as follows:This suggests that the previous figures were an underestimate and that psychiatric disturbance amongst adolescents may be much greater than formerly estimated. Furthermore, such referrals do not indicate the demands for help that Approved Schools and children's homes have made. The authors believe that psychiatric skills are most effectively deployed in these settings if the psychiatrist acts as a consultant to the staff, rather than by assessing and treating individual children (Evans, 1963). Even so, demands have far outstripped the available supply of psychiatric time.
The Relationship Between the Effect of Lactate Infusion on Anxiety States, and their Amelioration by Carbon Dioxide Inhalation
Authors: Haslam M. T. 
Published: August 2008

Anxiety is perhaps one of the commonest and most disabling symptoms in medicine, yet its satisfactory alleviation has been elusive.Work by Kluver and Bucy (1939) suggested that the amygdala generated anxiety, the function of the hippocampus being to decrease it. The hypothalamus appears to organize the level of arousal through the amygdala.
The First Seventy Admissions to an Adolescent Unit in Edinburgh: General Characteristics and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Framrose R. 
Published: August 2008

Summary1.The clinical functioning of the Young People's Unit, Edinburgh is described. This involves a relatively permissive, democratic ‘milieu‘. Psychotherapeutic efforts are devoted to the resolution of family psychopathology and the achievement of maturational progress for the adolescent.2.Data on the first seventy admittions to the Unit were examined. Two-thirds of the patients were diagnosed ‘developmental crisis’; the majority of these also had a personality disorder.3.Assessments of family functioning showed high levels of disturbance and psychiatric morbidity among the parents. The adolescents had mutually good, positive relationships with their opposite-sexed parents, but markedly negative ones with the same-sexed parents. This was not in accordance with the usual findings in ‘normal’ families. Delinquent and impulsive patients showed uniformly negative family attitudes.4.A simple estimation of treatment outcome at discharge gave results comparable to those of other units, with 70 per cent of patients rated as improved. Neurotic and psychotic patients had a relatively better outcome. Tension-discharge personality disorder and a history of very disruptive or antisocial behaviour were associated with poor outcome.5.The poor response of very disturbed, impulsive adolescents to this type of therapeutic regime is discussed. These individuals do not appear to have sufficient personality resources and organization to benefit from this type of treatment. Emerging from this is a suggestion for an increased provision of specialized units offering containment and intensive care to the very disturbed adolescent.
Two Types of Insomnia: Too Much Waking or Not Enough Sleep
Authors: Brezinová Vlasta , Oswald Ian , Loudon John 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe stability of sleep was examined in two kinds of induced insomnia, namely after caffeine administration and after hypnotic drug withdrawal. The duration of each episode of any one sleep stage or any episode of intervening wakefulness plus drowsiness was determined.After caffeine mere was an increase in longer episodes of intervening wakefulness plus drowsiness, but no significant change in the episode duration of any of the sleep stages. In the case of drug withdrawal there was no change in the episode duration of intervening wakefulness plus drowsiness, but there was a significant shortening of episode duration in sleep stages 2 and 3 +4, with a similar trend for REM sleep episodes.Caffeine ‘insomnia’ thus seems characterized by increased stability of wakefulness, and hypnotic withdrawal ‘insomnia’ by decreased stability of sleep. The type of analysis undertaken in this study could increase understanding of other types of insomnia.
Evaluation of Group Therapy: Correlations Between Clients’ and Observers’ Assessments
Authors: Cabral R. , Paton A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAn attempt to compare observers’ evaluations of aspects of group psychotherapy with the patients’ assessments of the same selected variables (i.e. ‘acceptance’, ‘abreaction’ and ‘improvement’) is described.Correlation coefficients between the observers’ and clients’ rankings of these factors were obtained, and the implications of the findings are discussed in relation to each group.
Studies of Adoptees from Psychiatrically Disturbed Biological Parents: Psychiatric Conditions in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Cunningham Lynn , Cadoret Remi J. , Loftus Rosemary , Edwards James E. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryPsychiatric problems were assessed in two groups of adoptees by interviewing the adopting parents. One group of 59 adoptees, the ‘experimental’, were born of psychiatrically disturbed biological parents; the other group, the ‘control’ of 54 adoptees, had psychiatrically ‘normal’ biological parents. Both groups had been separated from biological parents at birth.The incidence of psychiatric conditions requiring professional care was significantly higher in the experimentais than in the controls (37 per centvs.14 per cent). In the experimental group more males than females were disturbed (59 per centvs.30 per cent). Most of the excess of disordered males were diagnosed hyperactive. There was some evidence of correlation of the type of psychiatric diagnosis of the biological parent with that of the adoptee.