bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Phonatory Efficiency in Kosovar Pre-primary and Primary School Teachers: Gender and Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Preteni Erza , Kacka Muljaim , Isufi Mirsije , Shabani Jonida , Rexhepi Erletë , Preniqi Mirgena , Hyseni Marigonë , Xhemajli Melinda 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPre-primary and primary school teachers rely heavily on their voices for communication. This study investigates phonatory efficiency differences among these teachers in Kosovo, focusing on gender-based differences and the impact of lifestyle behaviors. We recruited 100 teachers from pre-primary and primary levels in four municipalities. Data collection included maximum phonation measurements for the phonemes /a/, /s/, and /z/; the s/z ratio; sociodemographic data; and a self-reported questionnaire on lifestyle behaviors. Significant differences in phonatory efficiency were found, with pre-primary teachers showing reduced efficiency. Surprisingly, the mean s/z ratio was higher for primary teachers, though the results were not significant. Among primary teachers, females exhibited lower vocal efficiency than males. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between maximum phonation time and lifestyle behaviors, including age, smoking, and loud cheering. Multiple regression analysis indicated that smoking and age significantly affected vocal efficiency. Gender also contributed to variance in vocal function, with females generally showing lower efficiency. Alcohol consumption had a marginally negative effect on vocal efficiency. This study provides insights into phonation differences among educators, marking a pioneering effort in the Southeast Balkan region, and underscores the need for policies and interventions to enhance vocal well-being.
The impact of war on animal welfare: the Imperial Japanese Navy’s manipulation of pigeon behavior in WW II
Authors: Peng Cheng , Luo Zi-qi , Guo Lin-hui , Zhu Yi-fei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Throughout modern history, animals have played a significant role in human warfare. The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) conducted extensive efforts to modify the natural behaviors of pigeons in order to enhance their utility in military operations. To enable pigeons to support communications aboard moving warships, the IJN exposed these land-dwelling birds to maritime environments, training them to endure challenging conditions such as inclement weather, extreme temperatures, long-distance sea flights, and night-time navigation. During the latter stages of World War II, as Japan faced intensified aerial bombardments, the IJN developed concealed underground pigeon lofts. This forced pigeons to adapt to subterranean environments. These experiments, driven by wartime demands, not only distorted the pigeons’ natural behaviors but also seriously compromised their health and survival. Many pigeons died during training and experimentation, while even larger numbers perished on the battlefield. Furthermore, the prolonged shortage of specialized military personnel led to inadequate care and neglect of the pigeons, resulting in the outbreak of infectious diseases and then deaths that could have been avoided among the birds. Despite advancements in military technologies, animals continue to be exploited in modern warfare, with their welfare and survival in ignorance. Reflecting on these historical lessons, it is imperative to recognize that modern warfare ethics should extend beyond human rights to encompass the welfare and protection of animals used in military operations.
The function of ASR-generated live transcription in simultaneous interpreting: trainee interpreters’ perceptions from post-task interviews
Authors: Wang Xiaoman , Wang Binhua , Yuan Lu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores whether live transcription generated with the technology of automatic-speech-recognition (ASR) can be used to facilitate simultaneous interpreting. This article reports an analysis of trainee interpreters’ perceptions based on post-task structured interviews after an eye-tracked interpreting task without live transcription in the first half and with live transcription in the second half, which was done by a group of trainee interpreters from a postgraduate professional interpreting programme. The interviews were analysed in triangulation with the eye-tracking data about their interpreting behaviours. The results show that most participants perceived live transcription beneficial, with data indicating improved performance and lowered error rates in terms of terminologies, numbers, and proper names. It is also found that while some interpreters reported that they can adeptly manage multimodal inputs, others reported challenges in optimizing their focus of attention when live transcription was provided. The overall interference score in interpreting with live transcription spikes from 9 to 13.2, suggesting fluctuating cognitive demand. Eye-tracking data further corroborate these attentional dynamics, echoing participants’ self-reported behaviours. The study points to the need for training programmes to equip interpreters with capabilities to utilize technological tools such as live transcription, ensuring optimal attention management and overall performance.
A microfluidic sucrose gap device for electrical measurement of gap junction connectivity
Authors: Dungan J. , Mathews J. , Levin M. , Koomson V. 
Published: February 2025

A microfluidic device has been designed to electrically measure average intercellular connectivity in a cell monolayer. This proof-of-concept design uses elastomeric microvalves to isolate cells across three microfluidic chambers, creating a direct microscale analog of benchtop sucrose gap physiology rigs. The device operation has been verified for normal rat kidney cells (NRK-49F) using a chemical gap junction blocker, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). At 410 Hz, the system measured an averaged network impedance magnitude between 730 and 930 kΩ and demonstrated the ability to distinguish a significant increase of 6.51 kΩ and 0.464° due to 2-APB perfusion.
Studying the detailed work of play using conversation analysis
Authors: de Rijk Lynn E. M. , Cornips Leonie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper seeks to explore what happens when research methods predominantly reserved for the human animal are applied to study behavior of other animals. Specifically, we apply conversation analysis to investigate play fighting behavior of piglets in industrial-rearing conditions through three case studies. The analysis shows how play fighting is a mutually and continually (re-)established activity that relies on monitoring the other party’s continued willingness to engage. We show this orientation to continued willingness distinguishes the activity from more serious fighting. Maintaining mutual willingness is sequentially achieved through mutually constructed opening and closing sequences, floor yielding, and locally negotiating the rules for play. The head toss, a known play marker for pigs, was used flexibly by these piglets. These findings add to or reframe findings from behavioral studies of pig play. In conclusion, applying conversation analysis to pig interaction proves not only possible but fruitful as an additional approach to methods in the field of animal communication.
Explain with, rather than explain to
Authors: Fisher Josephine B. , Rohlfing Katharina J. , Donnellan Ed , Grimminger Angela , Gu Yan , Vigliocco Gabriella 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research about explanation processes is gaining relevance because of the increased popularity of artificial
systems required to explain their function or outcome. Following an interactive approach, not only explainers, but also explainees
contribute to successful interactions. However, little is known about how explainees actively guide explanation processes and how
their involvement relates to learning. We explored the occurrence and type of explainees’ questions in 20 adult — adult
explanation dialogues about unknown present and absent objects. Crucially, we related the question types to the explainees’
subsequent recall of the unknown object labels. We found that explainees asked different types of questions, especially about the
object’s label and facts. Questions about the object’s function were asked more when objects were present. In addition, requests
for labelling were linked to better recall. The results contribute to designing explainable AI that aims to provide relevant and
adaptive explanations and to further experimental approaches to study explanations.
Play bows by dogs in dog-human play
Authors: Mitchell Robert W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dog play bows are recognized as indicating play motivation in dog-dog play, but have never been examined in
dog-human play. Twenty-seven dogs and 26 humans engaged in interspecific interactions with familiar and unfamiliar cross-species
partners to play; videotapes of the resulting 50 play interactions were examined for play bows. Fifty play bows were detected,
enacted by 10 dogs playing with their owner, 6 of whom also enacted play bows with an unfamiliar player. Play bows occurred only
infrequently before or after pauses (or non-play activities) by the dog or the human, or before escape during play. Play bows
appeared to be integral to dogs’ play activities, usually when the dog was playing object-keepaway and
tug o’ war, or the dog was reacting to the human engaging in frustration games like
object-keepaway or fakeout. Play bows appear to be multi-purpose actions indicating play
motivation within dog-human play.
Cloning, expression, and bioinformatics analysis of odorant receptor genes in
Paratrioza sinica
Authors: Shuai Wei Zhong , Xia Wang Xin , Mei Qi Quan , Rong Li Qiu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose:
Paratrioza sinica
is one of the important pests on
Lycium barbarum
. Adults and nymphs suck in the juice of leaves and tender shoots, causing leaves to turn yellow, even tree death. It results in a decrease in the yield and quality of fruits. The odorant receptor’s receptors (ORs) genes of
Paratrioza sinica
were cloned and analyzed by bioinformatics methods in this study.

Method: Based on the previous transcriptome sequencing data of
Paratrioza sinica
, the transcript sequences of PsinOr50, PsinOr15, and PsinOrco were obtained. The CDS sequences of three odorant receptors (ORs) genes in
Paratrioza sinica
were cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) cloning technology. The expression levels of these three genes in adult insects of different ages were determined by qRT-PCR. Physical and chemical properties, characteristics of sequences, proteins structure, and evolutionary relationships of three genes and their encoded proteins were analyzed systematically.

Result: The CDS sequences of three ORs genes in
Paratrioza sinica
were obtained, and their accession numbers in the NCBI database were PP556383 (PsinOr15), PP556384 (PsinOr50), and PP556385 (PsinOrco). Three genes all achieved significantly higher expression levels within 1- to 3-day-old adults of
Paratrioza sinica
. PsinOr15 is a hydrophilic stable protein that does not contain signal peptides but has a transmembrane domain. It is subcellularly located in the nucleus. PsinOr50 belongs to hydrophobic unstable proteins, with signal peptides and transmembrane domain, and subcellular localization in the cytoplasm. PsinOrco is a hydrophobic stable protein which does not contain signal peptides but has a transmembrane domain. It is subcellularly located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The prediction of the second and tertiary protein structure shows that the proteins encoded by the three ORs genes are mainly alpha helices and random curls. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that they all contain four conserved amino acid sequence sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three ORs genes differentiated into three branches, consistent with the sequence comparison results.

Conclusion: The gene sequences and bioinformatic results of the PsinOr15, PsinOr50, and PsinOrco genes in
Paratrioza sinica
were obtained in this study. It provides a theoretical basis for studying the role of ORs genes and their encoded proteins in the feeding, mating, and egg laying processes of
Paratrioza sinica
.
The gauge theory of Weyl group and its interpretation as Weyl quadratic gravity
Authors: Condeescu Cezar , Micu Andrei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we give an extensive description of Weyl quadratic gravity as the gauge theory of the Weyl group. The previously discovered (vectorial) torsion/non-metricity equivalence is shown to be built-in as it corresponds to a redefinition of the generators of the Weyl group. We present a generalisation of the torsion/non-metricity duality which includes, aside from the vector, also a traceless 3-tensor with two antisymmetric indices and vanishing skew symmetric part. A discussion of this relation in the case of minimally coupled matter fields is given. We further point out that a Rarita–Schwinger field can couple minimally to all the components of torsion and some components of non-metricity. Alongside we present the same gauge construction for the Poincaré and conformal groups. We show that even though the Weyl group is a subgroup of the conformal group, the gauge theory of the latter is actually only a special case of Weyl quadratic gravity.
Solving the acousto-electric tomography by the adaptive Nesterov method of Kaczmarz type
Authors: Zhu Kai , Zhong Min 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Acousto-electric tomography (AET) is a new hybrid imaging technique. It recovers the conductivity of biological tissue using the internal power density distribution and overcomes the shortcomings of classical electrical impedance tomography, where only the boundary measurement data are applied. In this manuscript, we consider the numerical realization of the AET model. Inspired by the work (Jin 2025 Inverse Problems
41 025005), we develop an adaptive Nesterov method of Kaczmarz type. The combination parameters are no longer chosen by line search, but through adaptive procedures with explicit formulas, which greatly improve the computational efficiency. Furthermore, uniformly convex regularization functionals are incorporated to reconstruct the conductivity with sparsity or discontinuity. The convergence property of the method is rigorously proven under reasonable conditions. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the efficiency and feasibility of our proposed method. We emphasize that the proposed method is also applicable for other nonlinear inverse problems with multiple operators.
How to control the plasma jet production of reactive species for medical therapy? A topical review
Authors: KC Sushil Kumar , Ghimire Bhagirath , Hong Sung-Ha , Oh Jun-Seok , Szili Endre J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Atmospheric pressure plasma jets operated in an ambient environment are known to generate a rich mixture of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, collectively referred to as RONS. At the cellular level, RONS have been linked to well-established signaling pathways that are important in tackling disease. However, there are still major gaps in our knowledge of which RONS (speciation, dose, and depth) are delivered by plasma into tissue; and following on from this, how we can control the plasma to deliver RONS effectively and safely into tissue. The purpose of this topical review is to highlight the research achievements that have helped improve our understanding of the physical and chemical mechanisms underpinning the plasma jet production of RONS and how to control their delivery into biological systems. The review also identifies new research ideas to address gaps in our knowledge (of RONS generation and delivery) to tailor the next generation of plasma jets to deliver RONS into human tissue with the precision needed to realize the full clinical potential of the technology. Completing these gaps in our knowledge is vital for the future development of medical plasma technologies; and will improve the possibility of developing optimal plasma technologies and protocols tailored specifically for the requirements of each patient.
Role of surface discharge dynamics in the generation of electrohydrodynamic force: toward performance improvement of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators
Authors: Sato Shintaro , Ohnishi Naofumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators are devices that actively control the airflow using nonequilibrium atmospheric-pressure plasmas, showing promise for practical applications in the field of aerospace engineering. Numerous studies have revealed the dynamics of surface discharge and the process of generating electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force in detail. The performance of DBD plasma actuators has improved continuously over the past 20 years. However, there is a need for further improvement in EHD force generation to enable the practical applications of DBD plasma actuators. In this review, we provide insights that contribute to the development of a high-performance DBD plasma actuator by reviewing previous studies focused on revealing the surface discharge and EHD force generation processes. The foundations of the discharge process in DBD plasma actuators are briefly described from the perspectives of experiments and numerical simulations. We also reviewed various strategies for improving EHD force generation by optimizing the geometric structure and the applied voltage waveform as well as by controlling the surface charge accumulation. Improving EHD force generation and its efficiency is a fundamental research area to realize the practical applications of a novel active airflow control device that uses nonequilibrium plasmas.
Two-step growth procedure for homogeneous GaN NW arrays on graphene
Authors: Tamsaout Dyhia , Cambril Edmond , Travers Laurent , Madouri Ali , Gogneau Noëlle , Tchernycheva Maria , Harmand Jean-Christophe , Largeau Ludovic 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Growth of GaN nanowires (NWs) on graphene substrates is carried out by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. We test a two-step growth procedure consisting of a first stage at relatively low temperature followed by a second stage at higher temperature. We investigate the impact of this process on the usually long incubation time which precedes the first GaN nucleation events on graphene. We also examine how the selectivity of growth between graphene and the surrounding SiO2 surface is affected. After optimization of this procedure, it is applied to the growth of GaN NWs on a graphene layer patterned by electron beam lithography. A clear advantage of the two-step growth is observed in terms of reduction of the incubation time and improvement of height uniformity.
Unravelling the dynamics of coated nanobubbles and low frequency ultrasound using the Blake threshold and modified surface tension model
Authors: Mezdrokhin Ilia , Ilovitsh Tali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective. To develop a model that accurately describes the behavior of nanobubbles (NBs) under low-frequency ultrasound (US) insonation (<250 kHz), addressing the limitations of existing numerical models, such as the Marmottant model and Blake’s Threshold model, in predicting NB behavior. Approach. A modified surface tension model, derived from empirical data, was introduced to capture the surface tension behavior of NBs as a function of bubble radius. This model was integrated into the Marmottant framework and combined with the Blake threshold to predict cavitation thresholds at low pressures, providing a comprehensive approach to understanding NB dynamics. Main results. Experimentally, inertial cavitation for NBs with a radius of 85 nm was observed at peak negative pressures of 200 kPa at 80 kHz and 1000 kPa at 250 kHz. The Marmottant model significantly overestimated these thresholds (1600 kPa). The modified surface tension model improved predictions at 250 kHz, while combining it with the Blake threshold accurately aligned cavitation thresholds at both frequencies (∼150 kPa at low pressures) with experimental results. Significance. This work bridges a critical gap in understanding the acoustic behavior of NBs at low US frequencies and offers a new theoretical framework for predicting cavitation thresholds of NBs at low US frequencies, advancing their application in biomedical US technologies.
Collimated γ-ray emission enabled by efficient direct laser acceleration
Authors: Tangtartharakul K , Fauvel G , Meir T , Condamine F P , Weber S , Pomerantz I , Manuel M , Arefiev A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigate the mechanisms responsible for single-lobed versus double-lobed angular distributions of emitted γ-rays in laser-irradiated plasmas, focusing on how direct laser acceleration (DLA) shapes the emission profile. Using test-particle calculations, we show that the efficiency of DLA plays a central role. In the inefficient DLA regime, electrons rapidly gain and lose energy within a single laser cycle, resulting in a double-lobed emission profile heavily influenced by laser fields. In contrast, in the efficient DLA regime, electrons steadily accumulate energy over multiple laser cycles, achieving much higher energies and emitting orders of magnitude more energy. This emission is intensely collimated and results in single-lobed profiles dominated by quasi-static azimuthal magnetic fields in the plasma. Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that lower-density targets create favorable conditions for some electrons to enter the efficient DLA regime. These electrons can dominate the emission, transforming the overall profile from double-lobed to single-lobed, even though inefficient DLA electrons remain present. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing laser-driven γ-ray sources for applications requiring high-intensity, well-collimated beams.
Multi-colour cascaded wave-mixing for studying atomic and molecular dynamics
Authors: Chintalwad S , Chau Thong , Dao Lap Van 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the specialized spectroscopic techniques used to analyze the interaction of a light field with a target atom or molecule is nonlinear four-wave mixing in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region. In this paper, we investigate the fundamental interaction of atomic argon and molecular nitrogen gases with a light field in the perturbative nonlinear regime by cascading high-order harmonic generation (HHG) radiation with a multi-color laser. We optimize the phase-matching of collinear, multiple-cycle laser pulses with incommensurate frequencies (800 nm, 1400 nm and 560 nm) in third-order nonlinear wave-mixing with HHG-XUV radiation. Using a single-gas-cell interaction chamber, we reveal the electron wave packet dynamics in atomic and molecular systems by examining the time-dependent spectral features of the wave-mixing field, including intensity and frequency modulation patterns. This simple experimental setup presents a novel spectroscopy technique that can provide deeper insights into target systems, and potentially more complex molecular gases, involving multi-electron interaction regimes.