bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Diazepam Sedation on Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Patient Tolerance During Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Malik G. M. , Mubarik M. , Kadla S. A. , Basu J. A. , Tajamul H. 
Published: August 2007

The impact of intravenous (I/V) diazepam sedation on arterial oxygen saturation
(SaO2) and patient tolerance was studied in 100 patients in the age group of (27–60) years, who were subjected to esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for different indications. Equal number of patients in the same age group, who did not receive the sedation
acted as controls. It was observed that SaO2 showed a transient fall during the first few
minutes of the endoscopic procedure even without sedation and diazepam administration
did not significantly (p > 0.05) aggravate this oxygen desaturation. It was also
observed that diazepam sedation increased the procedure tolerance of the patients when
compared with controls (p < 0.01). In conclusion, it was inferred that I/V diazepam
may act as a safe and favourable sedative for EGD.Corrigendum to “Effect of Diazepam Sedation on Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Patient Tolerance During Esophagogastroduodenoscopy”dx.doi.org/10.1155/DTE.4.51
Role of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography and Nasobiliary Drainage in the Management of Postoperative Biliary Leak
Authors: Goenka M. K. , Kochhar R. , Bhasin D. , Nagi B. , Wig J. D. , Singh G. , Sriram P. V. J. , Singh K. 
Published: August 2007

In order to assess the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in evaluating the patients with post‐operative biliary leak and of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage in its management, 36 patients with biliary leak seen over a period of 9 years were studied. Thirty‐two had biliary leak following cholecystectomy, 3 following repair of liver trauma and 1 following choledochoduodenostomy. Patients presented at an interval of 4 days to 210 days (mean ± SEM, 32.4 ± 6.7 days) following laparotomy. Hyperbilirubinemia was noticed in only 13 patients (36.1%), while abdominal ultrasonogram showed ascites or biloma in 24 (66.7%). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed the leak to involve the common bile duct in 55.6%, cystic duct in 33.3% and intrahepatic biliary radicles in 8.3%. Associated lesions included bile duct obstruction due to stricture or accidental ligature in 20%, bile duct stone in 20% and liver abscess in 2.8%.Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage using a 7 Fr pig‐tail catheter was attempted in 14 patients and could be established in 12 of them. Bile duct leak sealed in all but one of these 12 patients after an interval of 3 days to 40 days (mean ± SEM, 12.2 ± 3.2 days). A single patient with large defect and a proximal bile duct stricture did not respond and required surgery. Common bile duct stones were removed by endoscopic sphincterotomy in 3 out of 4 patients. One patient with large stone required surgical choledocholithotomy. In conclusion, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was safe and useful in confirming the presence of leak as well as its site, size and associated abnormalities. Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage proved an effective therapy in post‐operative biliary leak and could avoid re‐exploration in 71.4% patients.
Arthroscopic Meniscus Repair: Clinical and Isokinetic Results
Authors: Erggelet Christoph , Grosse Carmen , Henche Hans-Rudolph , De Koning Bart 
Published: August 2007

The importance of the menisci for transmitting workloads in the knee joint to protect the
articular cartilage is widely acknowledged. Therefore various techniques have been introduced
to repair the damaged meniscus.We performed an arthroscopic meniscus repair with a modified outside‐in technique on 29
patients (average 25 years) between 2/91 and 10/94. The average time between trauma and
operation was 29 weeks (1–186) – the follow‐up 16.3 months (4–49). All the patients were
interviewed by phone – 23 were available for clinical respectively isokinetic examination,
and categorized following the Lysholm and Lais scores.Twenty‐eight patients were happy with the result of the procedure. Following the Lysholm
score we found 78% good/excellent results (Lais score 74%). Isokinetic testing showed a
muscular deficit of less than 20% in 91% of the cases for flexion (extension 69%). No
significant influence neither of the age of the patient nor the time period between trauma and
operation on the outcome of the procedure could be found. No complications were reported.Based on our results and well aware of the deleterious long term effects of total meniscectomy
the arthroscopic menical repair performed by an experienced surgeon should be
generous choice of therapy for the treatment of the ruptured meniscus.
A Case of Pill‐Induced Esophagitis With Mucosal Dissection
Authors: Adachi Wataru , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Yazawa Kazuyuki , Koide Naohiko , Koike Shoichiro , Amano Jun , Tamai Chisato 
Published: August 2007

With the advance of gastrointestinal endoscopy, pill‐induced esophagitis has been detected
more frequently, but the association of mucosal dissection is rare. We reported a case of pill‐induced
esophagitis associated with mucosal dissection.A 66‐year‐old male with combined valvular heart disease was admitted for cardiac
surgery. Cefotiam hydrochloride tablet was administered for postoperative wound infection
of cardiac surgery. Next morning severe odynophagia and retrosternal pain were occurred.
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed 2 days after onset of the symptom showed
detached mucosa at the upper thoracic esophagus and acute esophagitis at middle and lower
thoracic esophagus. Histological examination of the mucosa revealed that the esophageal
mucosa was detached from the lamina propria. After the treatment for esophagitis, almost
normal esophageal mucosa covered the esophagus without scarring or stricture.The present case was diagnosed as cefotiam hydrochloride tablet induced esophagitis
because of the onset of this disease. Mucosal dissection of the esophagus may be associated
with both the esophagitis and bleeding tendencies caused by anticoagulant therapy.
Cooperative Clinical Trial of Photodynamic Therapy for Early Gastric Cancer With Photofrin Injection® and YAG‐OPO Laser
Authors: Mimura Seishiro , Narahara Hiroyuki , Hirashima Toshio , Fukutomi Hisayuki , Nakahara Akira , Kashimura Hiromasa , Matsui Hirofumi , Tanimura Hiroshi , Nagai Yugo , Suzuki Shigeru , Murata Yoko , Yoshida Kazunari , Isono Kaichi , Kozu Teruo , Ide Hiroko , Kato Harubumi 
Published: August 2007

Background and Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) treats malignant tumors using photosensitizers and light. We employed a new pulse laser as the excitation light source for PDT, i.e. an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) system pumped by a Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser, because it provides extremely high peak power.Study Design/Materials and Methods: The effects of PDT using the photosensitizer Photofrin® and the new laser were evaluated in 12 patients with early gastric cancer.Results: Complete responses (CR) were obtained in 75% of 12 assessable patients, CR was observed in all cases with mucosal carcinoma (response rate 100%).Regarding toxicity, mild photosensitivity was seen in one case and it lasted several weeks. The other major side effect was decrease of total protein, which was observed in six patients (40%), lasting several months. There were no serious abnormalities in symptoms or laboratory tests.Conclusion: We conclude that the YAG‐OPO laser is suitable as an excitation light source for PDT.
Laparoscopic Evaluation and the Management of the Nonpalpable Testis
Authors: Koyama Toshiki , Nonomura Katsuya , Ameda Kaname , Kakizaki Hidehiro , Matsugase Yasukuni , Shinno Yuichiro , Kanno Takayuki , Yamashita Tetsufumi , Murakumo Masashi , Koyanagi Tomohiko 
Published: August 2007

From June 1992 to December 1996, we performed laparoscopic evaluation for 28 nonpalpable
testes in 22 patients (1–21, median 3 years old).The location of 28 testes were divided into 4 categories according to the classification
by Malone et al.: canalicular in 17 testes, just canalicular in 2, abdominal in 7, and
absent in 2. Two‐stage Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy was performed in 3 abdominal
testes and planned two‐stage orchiopexy was performed in one abdominal testis, while
one‐stage standard orchiopexy was performed in 10 testes (canalicular 5, just canalicular
2, and abdominal 3). In 10 of 17 canalicular testes no testicular element was found on
histological examination of the excised remnant tissue. In two completely absent testicular
structures, as verified by vanishing spermatic vessels, no further exploration was
done after laparoscopy. There was one complication in this series: jejunal injury which
needed oversewing, otherwise there was no postoperative sequela in all cases.Laparoscopic evaluation in patients with nonpalpable testes gives us precise information
as to the existence and location of the testicle which is helpful in determining
subsequent appropriate procedure and avoiding unnecessary abdominal exploration.
Clinical Experience Using a Real Time Autofluorescence Endoscopy System in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Ogihara Tatsuo , Watanabe Haruo , Namihisa Akihiro , Kobayashi Osamu , Miwa Hiroto , Sato Nobuhiro 
Published: August 2007

Autofluorescence spectra of neoplastic tissues have been reported to be significantly different
from those of normal tissues when excited by blue or violet light. From this concept, a light‐induced
autofluorescence endoscopic imaging system for gastrointestinal mucosa (LIFE‐GI;
Xillix, Canada and Olympus, Japan) has been newly developed and the clinical evaluation of
the prototype system has been conducted in hospitals in Canada, Netherlands and Japan.We examined the clinical usefulness of the prototype LIFE‐GI system for the detection of
gastrointestinal cancer and high and low grade dysplasia. The LIFE‐GI system was also
applied to the early detection of remnant lesions after endoscopic treatment of early gastric
cancer and to the detection of laterally spreading superficial colonic tumors.This system has potential application for the diagnosis of dysplastic lesions and early
cancers in the gastrointestinal tract as an adjunct to ordinary white light endoscopy. This
system, which needs no administration of a photosensitive agent, may be suitable as a
screening method for the early detection of neoplastic tissues.
Application of PDT for Uterine Cervical Cancer
Authors: Muroya T. , Kawasaki K. , Suehiro Y. , Kunugi T. , Umayahara K. , Akiya T. , Iwabuchi H. , Sakunaga H. , Sakamoto M. , Sugishita T. , Tenjin Y. 
Published: August 2007

We have been performing PDT using Excimer Dye Laser (EDL) or YAG‐OPO laser, a type
of low power laser, both of which have a considerably higher degree of tissue penetration even
when compared to PDT using Argon Dye Laser (ADL).PDT is a relatively simple procedure without any bleeding and does not require anesthesia
since it causes no pain. PDT is performed 48 h after intravenous injection of 1.5–2.0 mg/kg
of PHE (Photofrin®). Precise spot irradiation is possible using a colposcope with an optical laser path. We also use a cervical probe which enables photoirradiation of the entire cervical canal.We have performed PDT on 131 cases (95 CIS, 31 dysplasia, 1 vulval dysplasia (VIN),
3 squamous cell carcinoma, microinvasion, and 1 CIS + endocervical adenocarcinoma,
microinvasion). Of these cases, 127 became CR (96.9%). The first CR case was 10 years ago
and no recurrence has been observed yet.PDT is extremely effective to preserve fertility. Except for sensitive reactions to sunlight,
there are no noticeable side effects or difficulties related to pregnancy or delivery. We expect
that in the near future PDT will be performed using diode lasers and without hospitalization
due to new photosensitizers which have shorter retention times.
Photodynamic Diagnosis and Treatment for Atherosclerosis by an Endoscopic Approach
Authors: Hayashi Junichi , Saito Takashi , Aizawa Katsuo 
Published: August 2007

The photosensitizer, mono‐L‐aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6), specifically accumulates in the
atheromatous plaque. We detected the fluorescence spectra of NPe6 emitted from
atheromatous plaques on the descending thoracic aorta by an angioscopic approach using
the animal model of atherosclerosis. We also showed that a fluorescence spectrum peak at
675 nm was obtained laparoscopically only in parts of the abdominal aorta with an
atheromatous plaque. By a fluorescence endoscope, atheromatous plaques on the carotid
artery were recognized as reddish spots from outside the artery. In addition, we visualized
specifically at the beating heart surface small coronary atherosclerosis using an epifluorescence
stereoscope system.We examined the effects of photodynamic treatment with NPe6 on the atheromatous
plaque. The change in the elastic framework in the atheromatous plaque after photodynamic
treatment was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The destruction of the
architecture of the elastic fiber network in the atheromatous plaque was revealed. We also
studied the change in the lipid components of the atheromatous plaque using Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. FTIR microspectroscopic analysis showed
a dissociation of ester bonds of cholesterol esters in the atheromatous plaque after
photodynamic treatment. The framework of the atheromatous plaque and the lipids
accumulated in the plaque could be destroyed following such treatment.
A Case of Endobronchial Lipoma
Authors: Iwabuchi Hiroshi , Kamura Tetsuo , Tanaka Michio , Kato Harubumi 
Published: August 2007

Endobronchial lipomas are very rare tumors originating from the tracheo‐bronchial wall. We have experienced a case of endobronchial lipoma which was found at the orifice of the left lower lobe bronchus and obstructive pneumonia distal to it. Left lower lobectomy was performed, and the patient has been well without any symptoms so far.Endobronchial lipomas are histologically benign tumors, but more than half of the reported cases underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy due to the presence of varying degrees of irreversible peripheral lung damages.
Can Routine Laparoscopy Help to Reduce the Rate of Explorative Laparotomies for Gastric Cancer? Laparoscopy in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Roviaro Gian Carlo , Varoli Federico , Sonnino Davide , Nucca Ombretta , Rabughino Gianni , Scarduelli Alessandro 
Published: August 2007

1. Background We developed this surgical protocol about performing intraoperative laparoscopy for staging in every patient affected by stomach cancer. Sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative laparoscopy are compared with conventional preoperative
staging techniques.2. Methods From January 1994 to June 1999, 83 patients affected by stomach cancer were accepted in our department: 12 patients (14.5%) were excluded from our study after the preoperative staging; in 71 patients (85.5%) an explorative laparoscopy as the first step
of the operation was performed.3. Results Laparoscopy confirmed preoperative staging in 53 cases (74.6%), in 12 patients demonstrated an overstaging. Laparoscopy demonstrated in 6 patients unsuspected causes of unresectability.4. Conclusions When performed in patients affected by malignant neoplasm and declared resectable, intraoperative laparoscopy can demonstrate conditions not detectable
by traditional preoperative investigations, consequently reducing to zero explorative laparotomies.
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Endoscopic Biopsy Specimens of Gastric Antrum: Laboratory Diagnosis and Comparative Efficacy of Three Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Malik G. M. , Mubarik M. , Kadla S. A. 
Published: August 2007

Aims and objectives The present study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic yield
of three available test procedures for detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in endoscopic biopsies.Methods H. pylori infection was sought in 150 patients referred for upper gastrointestinal
(GI) endoscopy. Multiple (about six) biopsy specimens were taken from pyloric
antrum in each patient. Two biopsy specimens were subjected to one minute endoscopy
room test – OMERT (a modified form of urease test), two were sent for histopathological
analysis, where multiple sections were subjected to Giemsa staining and two were sent for
microbiological evaluation after Gram′s staining of heat fixed biopsy material.Results H. pylori positivity using histology, microbiology and OMERT was observed
to be 33%, 30% and 27% respectively. However, overall 40% patients were infected when
the results from three test procedures were combined, as H. pylori positivity was repeated
more than once by these procedures separately. Histology was found to be superior to other
two tests in our study, especially when multiple sections were examined, for the distribution
of the organism was patchy. Amongst the infected, H. pylori was seen in only 30% of all
3–8 sections cut from a biopsy, whereas in 70% it was noted in a single section only.Conclusion The study revealed that histology has the highest detection rate and can be
chosen as the “gold standard” amongst the three low cost test procedures available at present
in our setup.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Peptic Ulcer Patients of Highly Endemic Kashmir Valley
Authors: Romshoo Gh. Jeelani , Malik G. M. , Basu J. A. , Bhat M. Yousuf , Khan A. R. 
Published: August 2007

Objective This study aimed to find out prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) which is highly endemic disease in Kashmir.Method This study consisted of 50 PUD patients and 30 asymptomatic volunteers.
Peptic ulcer was diagnosed by endoscopic examination and H. pylori was detected by histology
(using Giemsa stain), one minute endoscopy room test (OMERT) and modified
Gram′s staining. Positive results from OMERT plus histology were considered as the
“gold standard” for the presence of H. pylori.Results Out of 50 patients, 46 had duodenal ulcer (DU), 2 had benign gastric ulcer
(GU) and 2 had both DU and GU. The sensitivity and specificity of OMERT were 94%
and 96.70%, histology 97.90% and 96.90% and Gram′s staining 91.30% and 85.30%,
respectively, as compared to our gold standards. H. pylori was present in 76.09% of DU,
50% of GU, whereas patients with duodenitis, channel ulcers, chronic active DU and those
with multiple ulcers were 100% H. pylori positive. H. pylori was present in 10 (33.33%) of healthy volunteers.Conclusion A significant association between H. pylori infection and PUD was found in this study. However, there seem to be other causative factors as well which contribute
for this highly endemic disease.
Clinical Course of Laryngeal Granuloma Without Surgical Treatment
Authors: Horiguchi Satoshi , Suzuki Mamoru , Takagi Hideo , Yamanishi Toshiro , Nakamura Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2007

Laryngeal granuloma is a rather common pathological entity, but its therapeutic strategy is
still controversial. In general, therapeutic strategy consists of medications such as steroids or
tranilast, in addition to vocal hygiene and surgery. Surgical removal is most commonly
performed. However, it has recently been reported that recurrence after surgery is high.We successfully treated 19 of 20 cases of laryngeal granuloma without surgical removal. It
took 28–328 days for the granulomas to disappear. Therefore conservative treatments should
be the first choice of treatment.
Angioscopic Evaluation of Stabilizing Effects of Bezafibrate on Coronary Plaques in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Uchida Yasumi , Fujimori Yoshiharu , Ohsawa Hidefumi , Hirose Jyunichi , Noike Hirofumi , Tokuhiro Keiichi , Kanai Masahito , Yoshinuma Masaki , Mineoka Kazuhito , Hitsumoto Takashi , Aoyagi Kaneyuki , Sakurai Takeshi , Sato Shin , Yoshinaga Kokushi , Ozegawa Masaaki , Morio Hiroshi , Yamada Katsumi , Terasawa Kimiko , Uchida Yuuko , Oshima Tomomitsu 
Published: August 2007

Background Since long‐term administrations of anti‐hyperlipidemic
agents result in reduction in % stenosis or increase in
minimum lumen diameter (MLD) of stenotic coronary
segments, it is generally believed that anti‐hyperlipidemic agents
stabilize vulnerable coronary plaques. However, recent pathologic
and angioscopic studies revealed that vulnerability of coronary
plaques is not related to severity of stenosis and the rims rather
than top of the plaques disrupt, and therefore, angiography is not
adequate for evaluation of vulnerability.Angioscopy enables macroscopic pathological evaluation of the coronary plaques.
Therefore, we carried out a prospective angioscopic open trial for evaluation of the
stabilizing effects of bezafibrate on coronary plaques.Methods From April, 1997 to December, 1998, 24 patients underwent
coronary angioscopy of the plaques in the non‐targeted vessels
during coronary interventions and 6 months later. The patients
were divided into control (10 patients, 14 plaques) and
bezafibrat (14 patients, 21 plaques) groups. Oral
administration of bezafibrate (Bezatol SR, 400mg/day) was
started immediately after the interventions and was continued for
6 months. The vulnerability score was determined based on
angioscopic characteristics of plaques and it was compared before
and 6 months later.Results Six months later, vulnerability score was reduced
(from 1.6 to 0.8;p < 0.05) in bezafibrate group and
unchanged (from 1.4 to 1.3; NS) in control group. In
bezafibrate group, the changes in vulnerability score was not
correlated with those in % stenosis or MLD.
Conclusion The results indicate that bezafibrate can stabilize coronary plaques.
Simulation of the Last 21 000 Years Using Accelerated Transient Boundary Conditions*
Authors: Timm Oliver , Timmermann Axel 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The earth system model of intermediate complexity ECBilt-CLIO has been used for transient simulations of the last deglaciation and the Holocene. The forcing effects of the ice sheets, greenhouse gas concentrations, and orbital configurations are prescribed as time-varying boundary conditions. In this study two key aspects of the transient simulations are investigated, which are of broader relevance for long-term transient paleoclimate modeling: the effect of using accelerated boundary conditions and of uncertainties in the initial state. Simulations with nonaccelerated boundary conditions and an acceleration factor 10 were integrated. These simulations show that the acceleration can have a significant impact on the local climate history. In the outcropping regions of the high southern latitudes and the convective regions in the North Atlantic, the acceleration leads to damped and delayed temperature response to the boundary conditions. Furthermore, uncertainties in the initial state can strongly bias the climate trajectories in these areas over 500–700 model years. The affected oceanic regions are connected to the large heat capacities of the interior ocean, which cause a strong delay in the response to the forcing. Despite the shown difficulties with the acceleration technique, the accelerated simulations still reproduce the large-scale trend pattern of air temperatures during the Holocene from previous simulations with different models. The accelerated transient model simulation is compared with existing proxy time series at specific sites. The simulation results are in good agreement with those paleoproxies. It is shown that the transient simulations provide valuable insight into whether seasonal or annual signals are recorded in paleoproxies.