bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics simulations of the solubility of chitosan grafted polyacrylamide and its adsorption mechanism with kaolinite: Impact of length and distribution of branched‐chain
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zou Wenjie , Liu Fengyang , Zhang Zhijun , Li Zhengyao , Xiao Ting 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGraft modification can effectively improve the flocculation performance of chitosan. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the water solubility of chitosan‐grafted polyacrylamide (CTS‐g‐PAM) and its adsorption mechanism with kaolinite, focusing on the effects of branched‐chain length and distribution. The solubility parameters obtained from the simulations align better with those calculated using the group contribution method. The radius of gyration (Rg), solvation free energy (∆GSFE), mean square displacement and diffusion coefficient were utilized to analyze changes in solubility of these CTS‐g‐PAM in aqueous solution. The adsorption interaction between CTS‐g‐PAM and kaolinite was investigated using interaction energy and diffusion coefficients. The water solubility of CTS‐g‐PAM initially increased, followed by a subsequent decrease as the length of branched‐chain increased along with a decrease in their number. Similarly, the adsorption interaction between CTS‐g‐PAM and kaolinite increased firstly followed by a decrease with increasing branched‐chain length. The magnitude of interaction energy with kaolinite (0 0 1) followed the order of CA10‐12 (−826.227 kcal/mol) >CA8‐15 (−744.583 kcal/mol) >CA6‐20 (−637.366 kcal/mol) >CA12‐10 (−598.109 kcal/mol). These trends align with the findings of flocculation tests. Our work provides a theoretical basis for designing chitosan‐based flocculants with enhanced water solubility and improved flocculation efficiency.
Postcranial anomalies of Eocene freshwater pleurodiran and cryptodiran turtles from the Spanish Duero Basin
Authors: Guerrero Andrea , Ortega Francisco , Martín de Jesús Santiago , Pérez‐García Adán 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTestudines are one of the best‐represented taxonomic groups among the Paleogene taxa of the Duero Basin (Castile and Leon Autonomous Community, central Spain). Among them, Neochelys (Podocnemidide) and Allaeochelys (Carettochelyidae) are most abundant, allowing the population to be assessed for osteological anomalies. The abundance of postcranial remains of both taxa allows us to identify several individuals with potential anomalies, mostly in their shells. Some of them have already been described in previous studies, but most of them are still unpublished. The objective of this study is to analyze in detail the anomalous Neochelys and Allaeochelys remains. As a result, different categories of causal agents (such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, or trauma) have been identified as potential producers of the anomalies in these freshwater turtles. Information regarding the pathogenesis and healing stages of some of these anomalies is provided.
Comparing cranial biomechanics between Barbourofelis fricki and Smilodon fatalis: Is there a universal killing‐bite among saber‐toothed predators?
Authors: Figueirido Borja , Tucker Shane , Lautenschlager Stephan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSaber‐tooths, extinct apex predators with long and blade‐like upper canines, have appeared iteratively at least five times in the evolutionary history of vertebrates. Although saber‐tooths exhibit a relatively diverse range of morphologies, it is widely accepted that all killed their prey using the same predatory behavior. In this study, we CT‐scanned the skull of Barbourofelis fricki and compared its cranial mechanics using finite element analysis (FEA) with that of Smilodon fatalis. Our aim was to investigate potential variations in killing behavior between two dirk‐toothed sabretooths from the Miocene and Pleistocene of North America. The study revealed that B. fricki had a stoutly‐built skull capable of withstanding stress in various prey‐killing scenarios, while the skull of S. fatalis appeared less optimized for supporting stress, which highlights the highly derived saber‐tooth morphology of the former. The results may indicate that B. fricki was more of a generalist in prey‐killing compared to S. fatalis, which experiences lower stresses under stabbing loads. We hypothesize that morphological specialization in saber‐tooths does not necessarily indicate ecological specialization. Our results support the notion that morphological convergence among saber‐toothed cats may obscure differences in hunting strategies employed to dispatch their prey. Our findings challenge the assumption of the universally assumed canine‐shear biting as the prey‐killing behavior of all saber‐toothed cats. However, further research involving a wider range of dirk and scimitar‐toothed forms could provide additional insights into the diversity of cranial biomechanics within this fascinating group of extinct mammalian predators.
Nonflammable Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte for High‐Safety and Ultra‐Stable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chao , Liu Jingwen , Zhang Shenghao , Wang Minghui , Lv Qingliang , Li Caixia , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh safety and stability in batteries are crucial factors for the large‐scale application of lithium‐ion technology. In this work, flame‐retardant aluminum diethylphosphonite (ADP) is coated by urea‐formaldehyde (UF) shell to conquer the side reactions caused by ADP during cycling process. And then the core@shell structured ADP@UF is combined with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), high thermal stability can be realized. When exposed to high temperatures, ADP@UF generates N⋅ and P⋅ radicals to eliminate the combustion the H⋅ and OH⋅ radical, to inhibit fire. By controlling the percentage of flame retardant added, PEO‐ADP@UF has totally achieved the effect of inflaming retarding, realizing stable electrochemical properties at the same time. The −NH2 in UF forms hydrogen bonds with PEO, and acts as a Lewis base to promote the dissociation of lithium salts to increase the lithium‐ion mobility number. Compared to PEO, battery with PEO‐ADP@UF has outstanding cycling performance (103 mAh g−1 at 1 C, 2.5–4.2 V) and long service life (800 cycles).
Multivariate data analysis on multisensor measurement for inline process monitoring of adenovirus production in HEK293 cells
Authors: Xu Xingge , Farnós Omar , Paes Barbara C. M. F. , Nesdoly Sean , Kamen Amine A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the era of Biopharma 4.0, process digitalization fundamentally requires accurate and timely monitoring of critical process parameters (CPPs) and quality attributes. Bioreactor systems are equipped with a variety of sensors to ensure process robustness and product quality. However, during the biphasic production of viral vectors or replication‐competent viruses for gene and cell therapies and vaccination, current monitoring techniques relying on a single working sensor can be affected by the physiological state change of the cells due to infection/transduction/transfection step required to initiate production. To address this limitation, a multisensor (MS) monitoring system, which includes dual‐wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy, dielectric signals, and a set of CPPs, such as oxygen uptake rate and pH control outputs, was employed to monitor the upstream process of adenovirus production in HEK293 cells in bioreactor. This system successfully identified characteristic responses to infection by comparing variations in these signals, and the correlation between signals and target critical variables was analyzed mechanistically and statistically. The predictive performance of several target CPPs using different multivariate data analysis (MVDA) methods on data from a single sensor/source or fused from multiple sensors were compared. An MS regression model can accurately predict viable cell density with a relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) as low as 8.3% regardless of the changes occurring over the infection phase. This is a significant improvement over the 12% rRMSE achieved with models based on a single source. The MS models also provide the best predictions for glucose, glutamine, lactate, and ammonium. These results demonstrate the potential of using MVDA on MS systems as a real‐time monitoring approach for biphasic bioproduction processes. Yet, models based solely on the multiplicity and timing of infection outperformed both single‐sensor and MS models, emphasizing the need for a deeper mechanistic understanding in virus production prediction.
Single cell analysis of Chinese hamster ovary cells during a bioprocess using a novel dynamic imaging system
Authors: Breen Laura , Flynn James , Bergin Adam , Flampouri Evangelia , Butler Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReliable monitoring of mammalian cells in bioreactors is essential to biopharmaceutical production. Trypan blue exclusion is a method of determining cell density and viability that has been used for over one hundred years to monitor cells in culture and is the current standard method in biomanufacturing. This method has many disadvantages however and there is a growing demand for more detailed and in‐line measurements of cell growth in bioreactors. This article assesses a novel dynamic imaging system for single cell analysis. This data shows that comparable total cell density, viable cell density and percentage viability data shown here, generated by the imaging system, aligned well with conventional trypan blue counting methods for an industrially relevant Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line. Furthermore, detailed statistical analysis shows that the classification system used by the PharmaFlow system can reveal trends of interest in monitoring the health of mammalian cells over a 6‐day bioreactor culture. The system is also capable of sampling at‐line, removing the necessity for taking samples off‐line and enabling real time monitoring of cells in a bioreactor culture.
Monte Carlo simulation‐guided design for size‐tuned tumor spheroid formation in 3D printed microwells
Authors: Eş Ismail , Ionescu Ana‐Maria Theodora , Görmüş Burak M. , Inci Fatih , Marques Marco P. C. , Szita Nicolas , de la Torre Lucimara Gaziola 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTumor spheroid models have garnered significant attention in recent years as they can efficiently mimic in vivo models, and in addition, they offer a more controlled and reproducible environment for evaluating the efficacy of cancer drugs. In this study, we present the design and fabrication of a micromold template to form multicellular spheroids in a high‐throughput and controlled‐sized fashion. Briefly, polydimethylsiloxane‐based micromolds at varying sizes and geometry were fabricated via soft lithography using 3D‐printed molds as negative templates. The efficiency of spheroid formation was assessed using GFP‐expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK‐293). After 7 days of culturing, circularity and cell viability of spheroids were >0.8 and 90%, respectively. At 1500 cells/microwell of cell seeding concentration, the spheroids were 454 ± 15 μm, 459 ± 7 μm, and 451 ± 18 μm when cultured in microwells with the diameters of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 μm, respectively. Moreover, the distance between each microwell and surfactant treatment before cell seeding notably impacted the uniform spheroid formation. The centrifugation was the key step to collect cells on the bottom of the microwells. Our findings were further verified using a commercial microplate. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation confirmed the seeding conditions where the spheroids could be formed. This study showed prominent steps in investigating spheroid formation, thereby leveraging the current know‐how on the mechanism of tumor growth.
The m6A methyltransferase METTL5 promotes neutrophil extracellular trap network release to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Wang Qi , Huang Yuxi , Zhu Yu , Zhang Wenlong , Wang Binfeng , Du Xuefeng , Dai Qiqiang , Zhang Fabiao , Fang Zheping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, it has a poor prognosis due to its highly invasive and metastatic nature. Consequently, identifying effective prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets has been extensively investigated. METTL5, an 18S rRNA methyltransferase, is abnormally high in HCC. But its biological function and prognostic significance in HCC remain largely unelucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role of METTL5 in HCC progression, and elucidate its possible molecular mechanisms in HCC via transcriptome sequencing, providing new insights for identifying new HCC prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.MethodsThe METTL5 expression in HCC and paracancerous tissues was analyzed using HCC immunohistochemical microarrays and bioinformatic retrieval methods to correlate METTL5 with clinicopathological features and survival prognosis. We constructed a METTL5 knockdown hepatocellular carcinoma cell line model and an animal model to determine the effect of METTL5 on hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Subsequently, RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the molecular mechanism of METTL5 in HCC based on the sequencing results, and relevant experiments were performed to verify it.ResultsWe found that METTL5 expression was elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and correlated with poor patient prognosis, and in the analysis of clinicopathological features showed a correlation with TNM staging. In hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with knockdown of METTL5, the malignant biological behavior was significantly reduced both in vitro and in vivo. Based on the sequencing results as well as the results of GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, we found that METTL5 could promote the generation and release of neutrophil extracellular capture network (NETs) and might further accelerate the progression of HCC.ConclusionThe m6A methyltransferase METTL5 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and correlates with poor prognosis. METTL5 accelerates malignant progression of HCC by promoting generation and release of the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) network, providing new insights for clinical biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets in HCC prognosis.
How do you happen to feel? The effect of certainty–uncertainty appraisals of incidental emotions on consumer affective forecasting error
Authors: Polyportis Athanasios , Kokkinaki Flora 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConsumers frequently forecast how their choices will make them feel in future consumption situations. One possible influence during such affective forecasting is their current emotional state. Although the impact of incidental emotions on consumer decision making is well established, limited research has examined the impact of incidental emotions on affective forecasting. The purpose of the present research is to contribute to the understanding of the effects of certainty–uncertainty, as a key appraisal dimension of incidental emotions, on the process and outcome of affective forecasting. The results of four experimental studies demonstrate that experiencing uncertainty associated incidental emotions, such as fear and hope, during affective forecasting, leads to smaller forecasting error compared with experiencing certainty emotions, such as anger and happiness. Furthermore, heuristic processing, as a result of the certainty versus uncertainty appraisals, plays a mediating role in the effect of certainty–uncertainty on forecasting error. The findings of the present research extend the effects of the certainty–uncertainty appraisals in the context of consumer affective forecasting and elucidate the impact of incidental emotions on decision making.
Determination of Bacterial Community Structure of Table Olive via Metagenomic Approach in Şarköy
Authors: Ucak Samet 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the most popular pickled foods created worldwide is table olives. The aim was to identify the bacterial microbiota of table olive samples collected from Şarköy, Tekirdağ‐Türkiye using next generation sequencing and 16S metagenomic analysis. Samples were studied as non‐pre‐enriched (n : 10) and after pre‐enrichment (n : 10) to compare the effects of the enrichment process on the bacterial diversity. In non‐pre‐enriched, the most common genus found was Sphingomonas, followed by Altererythrobacter and Lysobacter. The most common phylum found was Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidota and Actinobacteria. In pre‐enriched, Bacillus was the most commonly detected genus, followed by Pantoea and Staphylococcus. The most frequently found phylum was Firmicutes, followed by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. This study is the first study for Şarköy, which is the only table olive production place in the Tekirdağ region due to its microclimate feature. Further studies are needed in more table olive samples from different geographical areas to confirm and develop current findings.
Single dose human perinatal stem cells accelerate healing of cold‐induced rat burn wound
Authors: Jameel Fatima , Khan Irfan , Malick Tuba Shakil , Qazi Rida‐e‐Maria , Zaidi Midhat Batool , Salim Asmat , Khalil Enam A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTemporal phases of wound healing and their corresponding healing factors are essential in wound regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) accelerate wound healing via their paracrine secretions by enhancing cell migration, angiogenesis, and reducing inflammation. This study evaluated the local therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) in the healing of cold‐induced burn wounds. An in vitro wound (scratch) was developed in rat skin fibroblasts. The culture was maintained in the conditioned medium (CM) which was prepared by inducing an artificial wound in hUCMSCs in a separate experiment. Treated fibroblasts were analyzed for the gene expression profile of healing mediators involved in wound closure. Findings revealed enhanced cell migration and increased levels of healing mediators in the treated fibroblasts relative to the untreated group. Cold‐induced burn wounds were developed in Wistar rats, followed by a single injection of hUCMSCs. Wound healing pattern was examined based on the healing phases: hemostasis/inflammation (Days 1, 3), cell proliferation (Day 7), and remodeling (Day 14). Findings exhibited enhanced wound closure in the treated wound. Gene expression, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses further confirmed enhanced wound regeneration after hUCMSC transplantation. Temporal gene expression profile revealed that the level of corresponding cytokines was substantially increased in the treated wound as compared with the control, indicating improvement in the processes of angiogenesis and remodeling, and a substantial reduction in inflammation. Histology revealed significant collagen formation along with regenerated skin layers and appendages, whereas immunohistochemistry exhibited increased neovascularization during remodeling. Leukocyte infiltration was also suppressed in the treated group. Overall findings demonstrate that a single dose of hUCMSCs enhances wound healing in vivo, and their secreted growth factors accelerate cell migration in vitro.
EH domain‐containing protein 2 (EHD2): Overview, biological function, and therapeutic potential
Authors: Zhu Guoqiang , Zhang Hu , Xia Min , Liu Yiqi , Li Mingyong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEH domain‐containing protein 2 (EHD2) is a member of the EHD protein family and is mainly located in the plasma membrane, but can also be found in the cytoplasm and endosomes. EHD2 is also a nuclear‐cytoplasmic shuttle protein. After entering the cell nuclear, EHD2 acts as a corepressor of transcription to inhibit gene transcription. EHD2 regulates a series of biological processes. As a key regulator of endocytic transport, EHD2 is involved in the formation and maintenance of endosomal tubules and vesicles, which are critical for the intracellular transport of proteins and other substances. The N‐terminal of EHD2 is attached to the cell membrane, while its C‐terminal binds to the actin‐binding protein. After binding, EHD2 connects with the actin cytoskeleton, forming the curvature of the membrane and promoting cell endocytosis. EHD2 is also associated with membrane protein trafficking and receptor signaling, as well as in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the function of EHD2 in various cellular processes and its potential implications in human diseases such as cancer and metabolic disease. We also discussed the prospects for the future of EHD2. EHD2 has a broad prospect as a therapeutic target for a variety of diseases. Further research is needed to explore its mechanism, which could pave the way for the development of targeted treatments.
AM404 Analogs as Activators of the 20S Isoform of the Human Proteasome
Authors: Salazar‐Chaparro Andres , Kragness Kate , Feleciano Diogo , Trader Darci J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe proteasome is a multisubunit protease system responsible for the majority of the protein turnover in eukaryotic organisms. Dysregulation of this enzymatic complex leads to protein accumulation, subsequent aggregation, and ultimately diseased states; for that reason, positive modulation of its activity has been recently investigated as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative and age‐related diseases. The small molecule AM404 was recently identified as an activator of the 20S isoform of the proteasome and further exploration of the scaffold revealed the importance of the polyunsaturated fatty acid chain to elicit activity. Herein, we report the investigation of the aromatic region of the scaffold and the evaluation of the small molecules in a variety of proteasome activity and protein degradation assays. We found that derivatives A22 and A23, compared to AM404, exhibit enhanced proteasome activity in biochemical and cellular proteasome assays and more favorable cellular viability profiles. Additionally, these compounds demonstrate the ability to degrade intrinsically disordered proteins, regardless of their molecular weight, and the ability to restore the proteasome activity in the presence of toxic oligomeric α‐Syn species in a biochemical setting.
A case report of malignant struma ovarii with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Rahimi Yekta , Rabizadeh Soghra , Seifouri Sara , Seifouri Kiana , Salarvand Samane , Nakhjavani Manouchehr 
Published: April 2024

Key clinical messageStruma ovarii (SO), is a rare and specialized ovarian teratoma. The treatment is controversial depending on the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Here a SO with papillary thyroid carcinoma is reported and the approach is thoroughly discussed.AbstractStruma ovarii (SO) is a highly specialized ovarian teratoma primarily composed of thyroid tissue. Clinical features associated with SO include lower abdominal discomfort, unusual vaginal bleeding, ascites, and hyperthyroidism. While SO rarely transforms into malignancy, the optimal degree of treatment remains controversial due to the varying risks of recurrence and metastasis. In this report, we present the case of a 64‐year‐old woman experiencing abdominal pain and diagnosed with SO, accompanied by papillary thyroid carcinoma. We thoroughly discuss the evaluation and management of this rare condition.
Neuropsychiatric disorder as early clinical presentation of marantic endocarditis in patient with newly diagnosed poorly differentiated esophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Ferrentino Filomena , Campana Sara , Torri Marco , Rostagno Carlo 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageNeuropsychiatric symptoms, depression, and progressive mental confusion should not be overlooked as onset symptoms of multiple cerebral ischemic lesions due to cardiac embolization. Comprehensive clinical evaluation due to progressive anemia led to the diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction as cause of embolizing nonbacterial mitral endocarditis.