bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large cross‐sectional area of the umbilical cord as a predictor of fetal macrosomia
Authors: Cromi A. , Ghezzi F. , Di Naro E. , Siesto G. , Bergamini V. , Raio L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a large cross‐sectional area of the umbilical cord is a predictor of fetal macrosomia.MethodsConsecutive patients of > 34 weeks' gestation, who presented for sonographic examination and who delivered within 4 weeks of the examination, were included in the study. The sonographic cross‐sectional areas of the umbilical cord, the umbilical vessels and the Wharton's jelly were measured in a free loop of the umbilical cord. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of macrosomia (actual birth weight > 4000 g and > 4500 g). Fetal biometric parameters (biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length), sonographic estimated fetal weight and umbilical cord area > 95th centile for gestational age were used as covariates.ResultsDuring the study period, 1026 patients were enrolled. Fifty‐three (5.2%) newborns had a birth weight > 4000 g, and 22 (2.1%) weighed > 4500 g. The proportion of cases with a large umbilical cord was significantly higher in the group of macrosomic compared with non‐macrosomic infants (54.7% vs. 8.7%, P < 0.0001). Multiple regression models demonstrated an independent contribution of the large cord in the prediction of birth weight > 4000 g and > 4500 g (odds ratio (95% CI), 20.6 (9.2–45.9) and 4.2 (1.2–17.7), respectively). The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of a sonographic large umbilical cord were 54.7%, 91.3%, 25.4%, and 97.4%, respectively. The combination of abdominal circumference > 95th centile and large cord predicted 100% of macrosomic infants. The proportion of umbilical cords with a Wharton's jelly area > 95th centile for gestation was significantly higher in macrosomic fetuses of diabetic compared with non‐diabetic mothers.ConclusionsSonographic assessment of umbilical cord area may improve the prediction of fetal macrosomia. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family caregiver's experiences in caring for a patient with terminal cancer at home in Japan
Authors: Sano Tomomi , Maeyama Etsuko , Kawa Masako , Shirai Yuki , Miyashita Mitsunori , Kazuma Keiko , Okabe Takeshi 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to clarify the care experience of primary caregivers when caring for a terminal cancer patient in the home with the assistance of a home palliative care service. Participants were asked to provide background data and to evaluate their experience of caregiving and of the patient's response throughout the period of home palliative care, up to the time of death.Methods:One hundred twelve primary family caregivers were a mailed self-report questionnaire, and 74 valid questionnaires were returned (response rate 66%).Results:Ninety percent felt that the patient's condition of mind and body was reasonably stable, and 75% felt that the death was peaceful. About 90% reported a deepening of their bond with the patient and that the bond of other family members deepened also. Sixty percent reported that the burden of caregiving was not too great or not felt at all. Approximately 90% judged that the patient retained his or her own personal qualities to the end. Ninety percent also felt that they had done their best in their caregiving and judged that home care had been beneficial for the deceased, for the primary caregiver him/herself, and for other family members. These primary caregivers' evaluations of caring for a terminally ill patient at home in conjunction with a home palliative care service were both high and positive.Significance of results:Our findings suggest that it is important to maintain the patient's personal qualities up to the time of death through appropriate symptom management, to respect the family bond of the household, and to provide professional support in order to reduce the load on the family. If appropriate care is provided, peaceful home death will be possible, resulting in significant benefits for patients and their families in Japan.
Determinants of trust in the patient–oncologist relationship
Authors: Seetharamu Nagashree , Iqbal Uzma , Weiner Joseph S. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTObjective:The relationship between the patient and physician is at the heart of good medical care, and trust is an essential component of this relationship. To enable the oncologist to better form a trusting relationship with the patient, this article describes four factors that influence patient trust.Methods:Thematic literature review and a clinical vignette.Results:The authors discuss four factors that influence patient trust. These factors are whether and how the oncologist (1) minimizes the potential for shame and humiliation during the medical encounter, (2) manages the power imbalance between doctor and patient without abuse or misuse, (3) demonstrates to the patient an appreciation of how he or she is suffering from experience of cancer, and (4) demonstrates to the patient how he or she is suffering from the treatment provided by the oncologist. The authors illustrate these factors with a clinical vignette.Significance of results:The cancer patient is best cared for by an oncologist who can not only understand disease and treat medical problems, but also accompany the patient through the illness experience. This requires an appreciation of the challenges to trust that are inherent in the special characteristics of the patient–physician interaction.
Separation of Murine Neutrophils and Macrophages by Thermoresponsive Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Hoshino Akiyoshi , Ohnishi Noriyuki , Yasuhara Masato , Yamamoto Kenji , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMagnetic particles have been used widely in both biotechnological and medical fields, including for immunoassay, enzyme immobilization, drug transport, and immunological diagnosis. Especially particles with bioactive molecules such as antibodies and streptavidin are very useful tools for cell separation. Here we report affinity selection of neutrophils and macrophages from peritoneal inflammatory cells performed by thermoresponsive magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with macrophage‐specific anti‐F4/80 antibody. The magnetic nanoparticles, which are capped with thermoresponsive polymers, are aggregated by heating the particles over 30 °C and show their intrinsic magnetism. The neutrophils are concentrated approximately 90% by these magnetic nanoparticles without any activation, indicating that this novel cell separation method could fulfill a wide range of applications in analysis of the isolation of fragile cells such as neutrophils.
Demonstrations in Russia 1876–1976
Authors: Owen Richard 
Published: October 2007

Judge: What don't you like about Article 190? Khaustov: It abrogates liberties guaranteed by the Constitution. Judge: Do you believe that all opinions should be freely expressed? Khaustov: Yes. Judge: Whatever they are? Khaustov: Yes, because for every view there is an opposite one. Moscow Municipal Court, 16 February 1967
Comedy is everywhere
Authors: Kundera Milan 
Published: October 2007

Novelist, playwright and short story writer Milan Kundera is one of the many Czech authors who, though they represent the best in their country's contemporary literature, cannot publish their work in Prague. Acclaimed in France, where in 1973 he won a major literary prize for his last but one novel, and published in English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, Hebrew, Japanese and many other languages, he remains one of the 400 or more writers who are ‘on the index’ in post-invasion, ‘normalised’ Czechoslovakia. Born in Brno forty-eight years ago, Kundera was until 1969 a professor at the Prague Film Faculty, his students including all the young film makers who were to bring fame to the Czechoslovak cinema in the sixties with such movies as The Firemen's Ball, A Blonde in Love and Closely Observed Trains. In 1960 he published a highly influential essay, ‘The Art of the Novel’. Two years later the National Theatre put on his first play, The Owners of the Keys. Produced by Otomar Kreja, the play was an immediate success and was awarded the State Prize in 1963. His first novel, The Joke, came out in 1967, being reprinted twice in a matter of months and reaching a total of 116,000 copies. This book, whose appearance was delayed by a long, determined struggle with the censor, opened the way to publication abroad, where Aragon called it one of the greatest novels of the century. After the Soviet invasion Kundera was forced to leave the faculty, his work was no longer published in Czechoslovakia, all his books being removed from the public libraries. Since then, his works have only come out in translation. Life Is Elsewhere ( see Index 4/1974, pp.53–62) first appeared in Paris in 1973, where it won the Prix Medicis for the best foreign novel of the year. The French version of his latest novel, The Farewell Party, was published last year. In 1975 Kundera was offered a professorship by the University of Rennes and obtained permission from the Czechoslovak authorities to go to France, which is now his second home. All his prose works now exist in English translation. (For an appraisal of his work, see Robert C. Porter's article in Index 4/1975, pp.41–6). Unfortunately, The Joke - published by Macdonald in London and Coward McCann in New York in 1969 - was drastically cut without the author's consent, forcing Kundera to write an indignant letter to the Times Literary Supplement, disclaiming all responsibility - an interesting case of a non-political, commercial censorship. The irony of the situation was certainly not lost on the author, who is a master of the genre. His collection of short stories, Laughable Loves ( with a foreword by Philip Roth) and his other two novels have since been published by Knopf, and The Farewell Party has just been brought out by John Murray in London. This selection of Kundera's stimulating and often provocative views on such topics as the writer in exile, committed literature, the death of the novel, the nature of comedy, and so on, has been compiled by George Theiner.
Pulse
Authors: Mezgebe Alem 
Published: October 2007

The author of the play from which the excerpt below is taken is an Ethiopian writer and journalist who was born in Asmara (Eritrea) in 1938. After a brief period as a teacher, he worked as translator, feature writer, commentator and disc jockey for Radio Addis Ababa (1957-60). In 1959 he was appointed Private Secretary to the Minister of Information, but had to leave the country two years later, after he had become a spokesman for the Decembrist Movement opposed to Emperor Haile Selassie. He was not to return home for almost 15 years, during which time he lived in Egypt, Algeria and various European countries, founding and editing underground periodicals in both Amharic and English. He also wrote about Ethiopia for Dutch and Belgian newspapers, and from 1968 to 1974 worked as an editor and announcer on the Amharic Service of Deutsche Welle radio in Germany. After his return home on the overthrow of the Emperor in 1974, Alem Mezgebe became manager of the Ethiopian Television Service. He was dismissed because of his resistance to interference by the military authorities and, finding himself in danger of his life, he last year went into exile for the second time and now lives and works in London.
At Least 10,000
Authors: Cox Robert 
Published: October 2007

Robert Cox has been editor of the English-language Buenos Aires Herald since 1968. While generally sympathetic to the military government, the Herald became well known for its criticism of the methods used against the regime's opponents. Almost alone among the Argentinian press it took up the cases of disappeared prisoners and championed their families. In December 1979, after a series of threats culminated in a letter to his ten-year-old son, Robert Cox and his family left the country for what they hope will be a brief period of ‘a kind of exile’.
Profile Juan Carlos Onetti
Authors: Rowe William 
Published: October 2007

Juan Carlos Onetti is less known in the English-speaking world than other Latin American authors such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Júlio Cortázar or Mario Vargas Llosa. To these writers, however, he is ‘the master’, affectionately regarded as one of the major founders of modern Latin American literature. Born in Montevideo on 1 July 1909, his first short story was published in 1933, winning the prestigious La Prensa prize. In 1939 he joined the editorial staff of the newly-founded magazine Marcha, working as its literary editor and also writing a regular humorous column. Although he left Uruguay two years later for Argentina, his association with Marcha continued, helping to make it Latin America's foremost cultural publication, the tribune of two generations of writers and intellectuals. Until his return to Montevideo in 1955, Onetti worked in Buenos Aires as a journalist, translator and editor of English-language novels. In 1957 he was appointed Director of Montevideo's Municipal Libraries, and ten years later became a member of the governing body of Uruguay's National Theatre (Comedia Nacional). In 1972, he was chosen as the ‘best Uruguayan narrative writer of the last 50 years’ by 35 writers and poets interviewed by Marcha. It was his association with Marcha which finally cost Onetti his freedom and his country after the 1973 military takeover. Never an overtly political figure, Onetti had nevertheless given his support to the left-wing Frente Amplio (‘ Broad Front’) electoral coalition, and was highly regarded for his independent, disquieting vision of Uruguayan society. In 1974 he was a member of the jury for the annual Marcha literary competition. The story chosen for the prize, El guarda espaldas ( ‘The Henchman’) by Mercedes Reiss, was taken by the authorities as an attack on the police. Marcha was closed for good, and several members of its staff, including Onetti, arrested ( see Index on Censorship 4/1974 and 2/1979). After a week in a police cell and four days in a sports stadium, he was held for three months in a psychiatric clinic before being brought to trial. Among the defendants found innocent of any charge, Onetti later left Uruguay, first for Italy, then for Spain, where he now lives.
Zambian political theatre: How my play The Cell was prevented from being seen abroad
Authors: Mwansa Dickson 
Published: October 2007

When Dickson Mwansa's The Cell was performed in Zambia in 1980 it won extraordinary applause and two substantial prizes. But approbation turned to disapproval when his production of his own play was on the point of going abroad to represent Zambian drama. In the article which follows Dickson Mwansa gives his own account of the rise and fall of The Cell. The author, who wrote the article in Ontario while doing a year's M. Ed. course, now teaches at the Centre for Continuing Education at the University of Zambia.
All you need is a typewriter
Authors: Vladislav Jan 
Published: October 2007

In another article, the journalist Tomasz Mianowicz describes how his first encounter with samizdat transformed his life, turning the young art student from Cracow into first a dedicated editor and ‘underground’ publisher, then an exile in Paris. Also living in Paris, where he emigrated two years ago, is the distinguished Czech poet Jan Vladislav, who spent his last five years in Prague running one of the most interesting of those unofficial literary ventures which give the many banned Czech writers an opportunity to publish their work — even if only a few hundred (or a few dozen) typescript copies. His life, too, was radically changed when in 1975 he decided to incur the displeasure of the secret police by joining his fellow-writers Vaculík, Havel and others in the production of unofficial literature. He collected manuscripts from authors afflicted, like himself, by a ban on all their work, and organised the typing and distribution of the finished books, which he taught himself to bind. Surveillance and intimidation by the secret police inevitably followed: weekly interrogations, harassment and threats. In an interview with Index on Censorship, conducted over two days in his Paris flat last November, Jan Vladislav spoke about the historical roots and present importance of this ‘parallel’ literature, as well as about his personal experience of samizdat publishing and police intimidation. This is an edited and much abbreviated record of that interview.
Electoral fraud and the Western press
Authors: Soyinka Wole 
Published: October 2007

The Nigerian 1983 elections were a disaster for democracy Wole Soyinka — Nigeria's leading playwright, novelist and poet, Professor of Literature at the University of Ife — wrote this ‘interim statement’ on the Nigerian 1983 elections when he passed through London in late August. The official FEDECO (Federal Election Commission) results for Ondo State have since been challenged by the judiciary and reversed. Those for Oyo State still stand, after a panel of judges dismissed an election petition by the defeated incumbent governor.
An ordinary day
Authors: Hrabal Bohumil 
Published: October 2007

This short story, written and hidden in 1953, found in 1971, remains unpublishable in Czechoslovakia Bohumil Hrabal is one of the best and most original contemporary Czech story-tellers. Unable to publish his work for many years, he was fifty when his books started coming out during the ‘thaw’ in the 1960s, and he was the author of Closely Observed Trains, made famous by Jiří Menzel's film of the same name. Together with the surrealist poet and musician Karel Marysko and the literary historian Professor Václav Černý, he is a character in his own story, this record of an ordinary day in the Czechoslovakia of the fifties when the Stalinist terror was at its height. On another level, the main hero of this particular story is time: although written as long ago as 1953, it has so far not appeared even in samizdat; the author himself added a postscript 18 years later, in 1971. The second postscript comes from Index on Censorship another 13 years on, 31 years after this hitherto unpublished story was written.
Interview with Duyen Anh
Authors: Tan Lek Hor 
Published: October 2007

‘One of the ten most dangerous writers’ of South Vietnam describes his experiences since the Communist take-over in 1975 Duyen Anh (pen name of Vu Mong Long) was a well-known writer and journalist in South Vietnam. After the communist victory in April 1975 he was arrested and sent to jail, and later to ‘re-education camp’, together with many other writers, journalists, intellectuals and artists. Like most political prisoners in Vietnam, he was not charged and was never tried. On 2 September 1981, Duyen Anh was released. This was part of the government's policy of clemency, he was told. Duyen Anh, however, still believes it was due to international pressure from organisations such as Amnesty International and International PEN, which had taken up his case and those of many other Vietnamese writers. On 24 March 1983, Duyen Anh fled from Vietnam as a ‘boat person’, after having bribed some officials. Ten days later he landed in a refugee camp in Pulau Bidong, a small island off Malaysia's east coast. On 20 October 1983, he arrived in France and was allowed to stay. He has now joined a community of some thirty thousand Vietnamese refugees who have been granted political asylum by the French government since 1975. In early March, Lek Hor Tan interviewed him in Paris. For other articles on persecuted Vietnamese writers and journalists see Index 4 and 6/1978, 3/1982 and 3/1983.
The execution
Authors: Yakhlaf Yahya 
Published: October 2007

Excerpt from a novel banned in most of the Arab world The novel whose opening chapter we print below was published in Beirut in the early 1980s. Its author, a Palestinian, worked as a migrant teacher in Saudi Arabia, and now lives in Damascus. Najran Below Zero is banned not only in Saudi Arabia, but in most Arab-speaking countries. The story is set amongst the population of Najran — an area of Saudi Arabia near the border with North Yemen. Many of the people there, as in other parts of Saudi Arabia, are Arab migrant workers, forced to cross the border by the overwhelming poverty of their own countries, and compelled to accept the most menial forms of livelihood in order to subsist in the inflation-ridden economy of Saudi Arabia. The novel demonstrates the variety of means by which such a population is silenced: not only overtly by the Saudi security agents — the execution of one of their victims is the focus of the opening chapter — but equally by hunger and the exploitation of foreign enterprise, by old loyalties and new enemies, by community and dislocation, survival and escape. In the story, Abu Shannan provides the central thread; he has recently been released from prison, and is then co-opted by the royalist allies in the border region. Stephen Hayden, ‘Mr’, with his ever-present camera, represents the Western interests which bolster the Saudi regime. The Najran area and its population is typical of Saudi Arabia, but it has particular features which are significant in Yahya Yakhlaf's novel. Najran became part of Saudi territory in 1934, after a long dispute between the Yemeni and Saudi Arabian governments. In 1962 a military coup abolished the Imamate and declared the Yemen a Republic. During the civil war which followed, Najran was a loyalist stronghold, where the Imam of Yemen's troops (drawn to a large extent from the Zaydi tribal confederation) were bolstered by the support of the Saudi regime, and indirectly by that of Western interests.
The Man
Authors: Dongala E. B. 
Published: October 2007

Short story from collection entitled Jazz et vin de palme which has been banned in the Congo Emmanuel Boundzéki Dongala was born in 1941: his father was from the Congo, his mother from the Central African Republic. He spent his childhood and adolescence in the Congo; he then went abroad to study science, first to the USA then to Montpellier in France, where he obtained his doctorate. He is now Professor of Chemistry at the University of Brazzaville. Dongala's novel, Un fusil dans la main, un poème dans la poche (‘A gun in the hand, a poem in the pocket’), was published in 1973 (Albin Michel, Paris) and won the Ladislas-Dormandi prize. It satirised party members and the official ‘scientific Marxism’ ideology of the Congo. This was followed by a collection of short stories, Jazz et vin de palme (‘Jazz and palm wine’), published in 1982 (Hatier, Paris, Collection Monde Noir Poche). The stories draw on Dongala's experiences as a student in the USA and France, as well as providing further satirical comment on contemporary Congolese political moeurs Jazz et vin de palme has been formally banned by the official Censorship Commission in Brazzaville; it is unobtainable in bookshops there, and the local Cercle Culturel Français is forbidden to display it on its shelves. However, Dongala has himself not been subjected to any restrictive measures in his work, administrative responsibilities, or freedom of movement. The short story ‘Jazz et vin de palme’ has been translated and included in a collection of African short stories by various writers, published under the title Jazz and Palm Wine in 1981 (Longman, London, Drumbeat). But the translation of ‘L’Homme' (‘The Man’) printed below is, as far as we know, the first to be published.