bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of calcium spiking using a cameleon calcium sensor reveals that nodulation gene expression is regulated by calcium spike number and the developmental status of the cell
Authors: Miwa Hiroki , Sun Jongho , Oldroyd Giles E. D. , Allan Downie J. 
Published: November 2006

Summary Rhizobium‐made Nod factors induce rapid changes in both Ca2+ and gene expression. Mutations and inhibitors that abolish Nod‐factor‐induced Ca2+ spiking block gene induction, indicating a specific role for Ca2+ spiking in signal transduction. We used transgenic Medicago truncatula expressing a ‘cameleon’ Ca2+ sensor to assess the relationship between Nod‐factor‐induced Ca2+ spiking and the activation of downstream gene expression. In contrast to ENOD11 induction, Ca2+ spiking is activated in all root‐hair cells and in epidermal or pre‐emergent root hairs cells in the root tip region. Furthermore, cortical cells immediately below the epidermal layer also show slow Ca2+ spiking and these cells lack Nod‐factor‐induced ENOD11 expression. This indicates a specialization in nodulation gene induction downstream of Nod‐factor perception and signal transduction. There was a gradient in the frequency of Ca2+ spiking along the root, with younger root‐hair cells having a longer period between spikes than older root hairs. Using a Ca2+‐pump inhibitor to block Ca2+ spiking at various times after addition of Nod factor, we conclude that about 36 consecutive Ca2+ spikes are sufficient to induce ENOD11–GUS expression in root hairs. To determine if the length of time of Ca2+ spiking or the number of Ca2+ spikes is more critical for Nod‐factor‐induced ENOD11 expression, jasmonic acid (JA) was added to reduce the rate of Nod‐factor‐induced Ca2+ spiking. This revealed that even when the period between Ca2+ spikes was extended, an equivalent number of Ca2+ spikes were required for the induction of ENOD11. However, this JA treatment did not affect the spatial patterning of ENOD11–GUS expression suggesting that although a minimal number of Ca2+ spikes are required for Nod‐factor‐induced gene expression, other factors restrict the expression of ENOD11 to a subset of responding cells.
Co‐expression of the stress‐inducible zinc finger homeodomain ZFHD1 and NAC transcription factors enhances expression of the ERD1 gene in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tran Lam‐Son Phan , Nakashima Kazuo , Sakuma Yoh , Osakabe Yuriko , Qin Feng , Simpson Sean D. , Maruyama Kyonoshin , Fujita Yasunari , Shinozaki Kazuo , Yamaguchi‐Shinozaki Kazuko 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThe ZFHD recognition sequence (ZFHDRS) and NAC recognition sequence (NACRS) play an important role in the dehydration‐inducible expression of the Arabidopsisthaliana EARLY RESPONSIVETO DEHYDRATION STRESS 1 (ERD1) gene. Using the yeast one‐hybrid system, we isolated a cDNA encoding the ZFHD1 transcriptional activator that specifically binds to the 62 bp promoter region of ERD1, which contains the ZFHDRS. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses confirmed specific binding of the ZFHD1 to ZFHDRS, and the expression of ZFHD1 was induced by drought, high salinity and abscisic acid. The DNA‐binding and activation domains of ZFHD1 were localized on the C‐terminal homeodomain and N‐terminal zinc finger domain, respectively. Microarray analysis of transgenic plants over‐expressing ZFHD1 revealed that several stress‐inducible genes were upregulated in the transgenic plants. Transgenic plants exhibited a smaller morphological phenotype and had a significant improvement of drought stress tolerance. Using the yeast two‐hybrid system, we detected an interaction between ZFHD1 and NACRS‐binding NAC proteins. Moreover, co‐over‐expression of the ZFHD1 and NAC genes restored the morphological phenotype of the transgenic plants to a near wild‐type state and enhanced expression of ERD1 in both Arabidopsis T87 protoplasts and transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
The transfer of a gene conferring resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) from Hordeum bulbosum into H. vulgare chromosome 4HS
Authors: Pickering R. , Ruge‐Wehling B. , Johnston P. A. , Schweizer G. , Ackermann P. , Wehling P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractScald is a serious foliar disease that infects barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) causing reduced yields and adversely affecting quality. A means to combat the disease is to breed cultivars that possess genetic resistance. However, all known resistance alleles have so far originated from within the primary genepool of barley. This reliance on H. vulgare and H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum as resistance sources may encourage virulent forms of the pathogen to become established. To broaden the genetic base of cultivated barley and provide novel resistances to many diseases we have used a species from the secondary genepool of barley, H. bulbosum, in a resistance‐breeding programme. In this study we describe the development and trialling of a scald‐resistant recombinant line derived from a hybrid between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum. The scald resistance is simply inherited and located on the short arm of barley chromosome 4 (4HS).
QTL analysis of quality traits in the spring wheat cross RL4452 × ‘AC Domain’
Authors: McCartney C. A. , Somers D. J. , Lukow O. , Ames N. , Noll J. , Cloutier S. , Humphreys D. G. , McCallum B. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWheat grain quality is a complex group of traits of tremendous importance to wheat producers, end‐users and breeders. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis studied the genetics of milling, mixograph, farinograph, baking, starch and noodle colour traits in the spring wheat population RL4452/‘AC Domain’. Forty‐seven traits were measured on the population and 99 QTLs were detected over 18 chromosomes for 41 quality traits. Forty‐four of these QTLs mapped to three major QTL clusters on chromosomes 1B, 4D, and 7D. Fourteen QTLs mapped near Glu‐B1, 20 QTLs mapped near a major plant height QTL on chromosome 4D, and 10 QTLs mapped near a major time to maturity QTL on chromosome 7D. Large QTLs were detected for grain and flour protein content, farinograph absorption, mixograph parameters, and dietary fibre on chromosome 2BS. QTLs for yellow alkaline noodle colour parameter L* mapped to chromosomes 5B and 5D, while the largest QTL for the b* parameter mapped to 7AL.
ISSR and SCAR markers linked to the mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) resistance gene in blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
Authors: Souframanien J. , Gopalakrishna T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population (F8) was generated by crossing Vigna mungo (cv. TU 94‐2) with Vigna mungo var. silvestris and screened for mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) resistance. The inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker technique was employed to identify markers linked to the MYMV resistance gene. Of the 100 primers screened, 54 showed amplification of which 36 exhibited polymorphism between the parents TU 94‐2 (resistant) and V. mungo var. silvestris (susceptible). Individual plants from 53 RIL populations were analysed and one marker (ISSR8111357) was identified as tightly linked to the MYMV resistant gene at 6.8 cM. Both the phenotype as well as the ISSR8111357 marker segregated in a 1 : 1 ratio. The ISSR8111357 marker was sequenced and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers were designed (YMV1‐F and YMV1‐R) to amplify the marker. Screening for the SCAR marker in the RIL population distinguished the MYMV resistant and susceptible plants, agreeing well with the phenotypic data. The ISSR8111357 marker was validated using diverse blackgram genotypes differing in their MYMV reaction. The marker will be useful for the development of MYMV‐resistant genotypes in blackgram.
Development of SCAR markers for identification of stem rust resistance gene Sr31 in the homozygous or heterozygous condition in bread wheat
Authors: Das B. K. , Saini A. , Bhagwat S. G. , Jawali N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe stem rust resistance gene Sr31, transferred from rye (Secale cereale) into wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) imparts resistance to all the virulent pathotypes of stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) found in India. Wheat genotypes including carriers and non‐carriers of the Sr31 gene were analysed using arbitrary primed polymerase chain reaction (AP‐PCR). AP‐PCR markers viz. SS30.2580(H) associated with the Sr31 gene and SS26.11100 associated with the allele for susceptibility were identified. Linkage between the markers and phenotypes was confirmed by analysing an F2 population obtained from a cross between a resistant and a susceptible genotype. The markers were tightly linked to the respective alleles. Both the AP‐PCR markers were converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, viz. SCSS30.2576 and SCSS26.11100 respectively. The markers were validated in two more segregating populations and 49 wheat genotypes. Using both markers it was possible to distinguish the homozygous from the heterozygous carriers of the Sr31 gene in the F2 generation. The markers developed in this study can be used for pyramiding of the Sr31 gene with other rust resistance genes and in marker‐assisted selection.
Outcrossing in lentil (Lens culinaris) depends on cultivar, location and year, and varies within cultivars
Authors: Horneburg B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractKnowledge about the degree of outcrossing is essential for onfarm crop management and breeding schemes and for lentil (Lens esculenta Medik.) only restricted evidence was available. Three varieties were investigated in two central European locations to foster research into on farm maintenance and development of cultivars. To determine outcrossing rates, the complete dominance of ‘orange cotyledons’ over ‘yellow cotyledons’ was used as a marker. The degree of outcrossing ranged from 0.06% to 5.12%. Results were strongly influenced by cultivar, year and location. The outcrossing rate of individuals also varied within cultivars, the extremes being 0% and 22.2%. There is evidence that the degree of outcrossing can be heritable. The potential for evolutionary changes in lentil cultivars can be considerable. Growing cultivars close together or as a mixture can lead to natural or even conscious selection and local adaptation. On the other hand, spatial separation may be necessary to avoid undesirable cross‐pollination.
QTL analysis of flooding tolerance in soybean at an early vegetative growth stage
Authors: Githiri S. M. , Watanabe S. , Harada K. , Takahashi R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSoybean cultivars are sensitive to flooding stress and their seed yields are substantially reduced in response to the stress. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic basis of flooding tolerance at an early vegetative growth stage. Sixty recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between a relatively tolerant cv. ‘Misuzudaizu’ and a sensitive cv. ‘Moshidou Gong 503’ were grown in pots in a vinyl plastic greenhouse in 2002 and 2003. At the two‐leaf stage, half of the pots were waterlogged by water placed in plastic containers and adjusted to 5 cm above the soil surface. After 3 weeks of treatment, the pots were returned to the greenhouse and grown until maturity. Flooding tolerance was evaluated by dividing the seed weight of the treated plants by that of the control plants. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using 360 genetic markers revealed three QTLs for flooding tolerance, ft1 to ft3 in 2002. The ft1 (molecular linkage group C2) was reproducible and an additional four QTLs, ft4 to ft7, were found in 2003. The ft1 had a high LOD score in both years (15.41 and 7.57) and accounted for 49.2% and 30.5% of the total variance, respectively. A large QTL for days to flowering was consistently observed across treatments and years at a similar position to ft1. Comparing the relative location with markers, the maturity gene probably corresponds to E1. Late maturity may have conferred a longer growth period for recovery from flooding stress.
Rye doubled haploids as a research and breeding tool – a practical point of view
Authors: Tenhola‐Roininen T. , Immonen S. , Tanhuanpää P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDoubled haploid (DH) plants were produced using anther culture from out‐crossing rye, including breeders’ lines, cultivars and F1 plants with DH parents, to examine the feasibility of using the DH technique for breeding and specifically for developing mapping populations. Only 10–36% of green regenerants produced via anther culture were suitable for research or breeding purposes because of low survival rate or low fertility. Spontaneously arising DH regenerants were more often fertile compared with the colchicine‐treated ones. The fertility of spontaneous DHs varied from sterile to half that found in a normal rye population, which has implications for the design of a crossing scheme and subsequent anther culture. In the reciprocal crosses within one DH population, fertility was the lowest observed, probably because of self‐incompatibility factors, whereas in the DH crosses with normal heterozygous cultivars fertility was the highest. Two mapping populations using DHs were established, the first for out‐crossing rye it would seem. These populations will be used for mapping two important traits, the semi‐dwarf growth habit and preharvest sprouting resistance in rye.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy on combine harvesters to measure maize grain dry matter content and quality parameters
Authors: Montes J. M. , Utz H. F. , Schipprack W. , Kusterer B. , Muminovic J. , Paul C. , Melchinger A. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDry matter (DM) content and quality parameters of maize grain are important traits in breeding of maize hybrids. New developments in near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allow to determine DM content and product quality parameters directly on plot combine harvesters. The main objective of our study was to examine the potential of NIRS on combine harvester (NOCH) for determination of DM, crude protein (CP) and starch (ST) contents in maize grain. Plot combine harvesters equipped with spectrometers were used. Eleven locations were harvested in Europe during 2003 and 2004. The NOCH calibration models were developed with standard error of prediction (SEP) and coefficient of determination for validation (R) of 1.2% and 0.95 for DM, 0.3% and 0.88 for CP, and 1.0% and 0.79 for ST, respectively. NOCH is a promising technology for determination of DM, CP and ST contents of maize grain for breeding purposes, because it automates the assessment of each harvested plot, and the information for making selection decision is rapidly available to plan the next generation.
Evaluation of the role of CT in the assessment of response to selective internal radiation therapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases*
Authors: Boppudi S , Wickremesekera SK , Nowitz M , Stubbs R 
Published: November 2006

SummarySelective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is a relatively new method for treating non‐resectable liver tumours. There is reason to believe that conventional assessments of response by CT scan may underestimate the efficacy of this treatment. A study was undertaken in 54 patients to evaluate CT changes after SIRT for advanced colorectal cancer and to compare these with tumour marker (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)) changes to determine how best to assess whether a response has occurred. Computed tomography scans were carried out before treatment and at 3‐monthly intervals thereafter. Serial CEA measurements were undertaken at 4‐weekly intervals. Index lesions were identified and their size was assessed on serial scans by three independent, blinded investigators. Per cent changes in CEA levels after SIRT were calculated for all patients. Disappearance of all index lesions was noted in five patients (9.3%). A decrease in the size was seen in a further 41 patients (76%), no change was seen in five (9.3%), and an increase in size was noted in three (5.4%). The time taken for the maximum decrease in size to occur ranged from 3 to 21 months (median 12 months). Carcinoembryonic antigen changes were more dramatic, with a reduction of more than 75% within 2 months in 35 of 50 patients (70%) and a rise in only 3 of 50 patients (6%). Early assessment of response by CT scan may be misleading because of the time taken for size reduction to occur. Response to SIRT is more accurately judged in the early stages by tumour marker data.
Supraclavicular radiotherapy must be limited laterally by the coracoid to avoid significant adjuvant breast nodal radiotherapy lymphoedema risk
Authors: Graham P , Jagavkar R , Browne L , Millar E 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThis cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the effect of supraclavicular fossa (SCF) radiotherapy volumes as well as patient characteristics and nodal pathology on the development of lymphoedema. Ninety‐one women who had received SCF nodal radiotherapy after axillary dissection were evaluated. Lymphoedema was defined by two measurements: limb volume difference 200 mL, or circumference difference 10 cm proximal or distal to the olecranon >2 cm. On univariate analysis, the addition of axillary to SCF radiotherapy, increasing width of the SCF field, increasing age, presence of extracapsular extension of nodal involvement and use of hormone treatment was associated with lymphoedema by either one or both definitions. For both definitions of lymphoedema, on multivariate analysis, increasing nodal radiotherapy volume remained significant (P = 0.02 to 0.007), as did increased age (P = 0.05 to 0.001). We conclude that conventionally fractionated SCF radiotherapy limited laterally by the coracoid process has a lymphoedema risk similar to that expected from axillary dissection alone and a lower risk than wider SCF fields with or without an axillary boost.
Topographical organization of pathways from somatosensory cortex through the pontine nuclei to tactile regions of the rat cerebellar hemispheres
Authors: Leergaard Trygve B. , Lillehaug Sveinung , De Schutter Erik , Bower James M. , Bjaalie Jan G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe granule cell layer of the cerebellar hemispheres contains a patchy and noncontinuous map of the body surface, consisting of a complex mosaic of multiple perioral tactile representations. Previous physiological studies have shown that cerebrocerebellar mossy fibre projections, conveyed through the pontine nuclei, are mapped in registration with peripheral tactile projections to the cerebellum. In contrast to the fractured cerebellar map, the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) is somatotopically organized. To understand better the map transformation occurring in cerebrocerebellar pathways, we injected axonal tracers in electrophysiologically defined locations in Sprague–Dawley rat folium crus IIa, and mapped the distribution of retrogradely labelled neurons within the pontine nuclei using three‐dimensional (3‐D) reconstructions. Tracer injections within the large central upper lip patch in crus IIa‐labelled neurons located centrally in the pontine nuclei, primarily contralateral to the injected side. Larger injections (covering multiple crus IIa perioral representations) resulted in labelling extending only slightly beyond this region, with a higher density and more ipsilaterally labelled neurons. Combined axonal tracer injections in upper lip representations in SI and crus IIa, revealed a close spatial correspondence between the cerebropontine terminal fields and the crus IIa projecting neurons. Finally, comparisons with previously published three‐dimensional distributions of pontine neurons labelled following tracer injections in face receiving regions in the paramedian lobule (downloaded from http://www.rbwb.org) revealed similar correspondence. The present data support the coherent topographical organization of cerebro‐ponto‐cerebellar networks previously suggested from physiological studies. We discuss the present findings in the context of transformations from cerebral somatotopic to cerebellar fractured tactile representations.
Enaminones and norepinephrine employ convergent mechanisms to depress excitatory synaptic transmission in the rat nucleus accumbens in vitro
Authors: Kombian Samuel B. , Ananthalakshmi Kethireddy V. V. , Edafiogho Ivan O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe recently reported that anticonvulsant anilino enaminones depress excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) indirectly via γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting on GABAB receptors [S.B. Kombian et al. (2005)Br. J. Pharmacol., 145, 945–953]. Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), both known to be involved in seizure disorders, also depress EPSCs in this nucleus. The current study explored a possible interaction between enaminones and adrenergic and/or dopaminergic mechanisms that may contribute to their synaptic depression and anticonvulsant effect. Using whole‐cell recording in rat forebrain slices containing the NAc, we show that NE‐induced, but not DA‐induced, EPSC depression occludes E139‐induced EPSC depressant effect. UK14,304, a selective α2 receptor agonist, mimicked the synaptic effect of NE and also occluded E139 effects. Phentolamine, a non‐selective α‐adrenergic antagonist that blocked NE‐induced EPSC depression, also blocked the E139‐induced EPSC depression. Furthermore, yohimbine, an α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist, also blocked the E139‐induced EPSC depression, while prazosin, a selective α1‐adrenergic antagonist, and propranolol, a non‐selective β‐adrenoceptor antagonist, did not block the E139 effect. Similar to the E139‐induced EPSC depression, the NE‐induced EPSC depression was also blocked by the GABAB receptor antagonist, CGP55845. By contrast, however, neither SCH23390 nor sulpiride, D1‐like and D2‐like DA receptor antagonists, respectively, blocked the E139‐induced synaptic depression. These results suggest that NE and E139, but not DA, employ a similar mechanism to depress EPSCs in the NAc, and support the hypothesis that E139, like NE, may act on α2‐adrenoceptors to cause the release of GABA, which then mediates synaptic depression via GABAB receptors.
The serotonergic inhibition of slowly bursting cells in the intergeniculate leaflet of the rat
Authors: Blasiak T. , Siejka S. , Raison S. , Pevet P. , Lewandowski M. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractElectrophysiological studies combined with local neurotoxic lesions were conducted on anaesthetized rats in order to determine whether the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) inhibits the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) of the lateral geniculate nucleus by means of innervation by serotonin‐containing fibres. In the control animals, electrical stimulation of the DRN induced the long‐latency and long‐lasting inhibition of the neuronal firing of the IGL cells that are characterized by rhythmic, slow‐bursting activity in light conditions. The electrical destruction of the DRN resulted in an increase in the firing rate of the recorded IGL cells, whilst at the same time not affecting the rhythmic, bursting pattern of the activity. In the second group of animals, local neurotoxic lesion of serotonergic fibres was performed by injection of the toxin 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine into the IGL. After 10 days of postoperative recovery, electrophysiological experiments were performed on the toxin‐treated rats. In these animals, electrical stimulation as well as electrical lesion of the DRN did not induce any change in the firing of the slowly bursting cells in the 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine‐injected IGL. The results obtained provide evidence that inhibition of the IGL slowly bursting cells, by innervation from the dorsal raphe, is mediated by the release of serotonin. Furthermore, the observed serotonergic inhibition of the light‐dependent activity of slowly bursting cells can contribute to the neuronal mechanism gating the information that flows through this nucleus to the vestibular, visuomotor, circadian and sleep/arousal systems, with which the IGL is strongly interconnected.