bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red Blood Cell Cold Agglutinins and B Lymphocyte Cytotoxins in Breast Cancer Sera1
Authors: Dube Volker , Iwaki Yuichi , Anderson Byron , Terasaki Paul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCytotoxic activity towards B lymphocytes in sera from individuals with breast carcinoma was related to red blood cell cold agglutinin levels and IgM values. The control group consisted of 32 females with a similar age distribution. Significant increases in red blood cell cold agglutinin levels were found in the group of cancer patients and the group with the histological category of mucin‐producing carcinoma with lymphocyte cytotoxins (p<0.025, respectively), in comparison to the control group and cancer patients without lymphocyte cytotoxins. Serum IgM concentrations were significantly increased in the group of cancer patients (p<0.025) and the group with mucin‐producing carcinoma (p<0.01) with lymphocyte cytotoxins, in comparison to cancer patients and controls without lymphocyte cytotoxins. The lymphocyte cytotoxins were completely or partially adsorbed by red blood cells in 58% of the positive sera. These results suggest that red blood cell cold agglutinins constitute a portion of cytotoxic anti‐B lymphocyte antibodies. At present it is unknown whether the lymphocytotoxic antibodies in breast cancer patients are of importance in immunologic host defenses.
A New Approach to Washing Red Blood Cells Frozen with a High Concentration of Glycerol in a Special Freezing Container1
Authors: Kurtz S.R. , Valeri D.A. , Gray A. , Lindberg J.R. , McMican A. , Blumberg N. , Valeri C.R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report here on a new approach to washing red blood cells frozen with a high concentration of glycerol in a special freezing container. The wash solution consists of a 150‐ml volume of 12% sodium chloride and 2 liters of 0.9% sodium chloride‐0.2% glucose‐25 mEq/l disodium phosphate. Both the Haemonetics Blood Processor 115 and the IBM Blood Processor 2991 have been used with this protocol, with similar results. The in vitro recovery of red blood cells frozen with 8.6M glycerol was 89%, and that of red blood cells frozen with 6.2M glycerol was 93%. The 24‐hour posttransfusion survival values averaged 88% for eight units of outdated‐rejuvenated previously frozen red blood cells washed by this protocol and stored at 4°C for 3 days before autotransfusion.
Plasma Exchange Combined with Cytotoxic Drugs and Lymphocytapheresis for Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Valbonesi M. , Garelli S. , Zerbi D. , Forlani G. , Cornelio F. , Pelucchetti D. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract20 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), refractory to anticholinesterase and steroid therapy, underwent plasma exchange therapy combined with immunosuppressive drugs and lymphocytapheresis. In all these patients an apparent clinical improvement was obtained since their first exchange session. During a follow‐up of 8–18.5 months, a long‐lasting benefit was achieved in 16 patients even though 6 of these had a single recurrence shortly after their first apheretic cycle. 3 patients who achieved substantial improvement of their symptoms during plasmapheresis showed recurrence of weakness after each apheretic course was stopped. However, their clinical response to therapy tended to improve with the following courses, which would be consistent with the effects of immunosuppression. This study strongly suggests that plasma exchange combined with immunosuppressive drugs and lymphocytapheresis can bring about dramatic and sustained improvement of MG and may alter its natural history.
Elution of Granulocyte and Platelet Antibodies
Authors: Helmerhorst F.M. , van Oss C.J. , Bruynes E.C.E. , Engelfriet C.P. , von dem Borne A.E.G.Kr. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBy lowering the pH of the medium, allo‐ and autoantibodies bound to granulocytes and platelets could be eluted from these cells and their presence in the eluate could subsequently be detected with normal donor granulocytes and platelets, respectively, in the immunofluorescence test and/or agglutination test. IgG‐ as well as IgM‐ and IgA‐containing antibodies were detectable in the eluates. Depending on the attraction mechanism between antigen and antibody, some antibodies were also eluted by dimethylsulphoxide at pH 9.5, ether and/or by heating at 56°C. By differential elution of antibodies from donor platelets, we demonstrated the simultaneous presence of platelet‐specific antibodies and HLA antibodies in the serum of a mother whose newborn suffered from transient neonatal thrombocytopenia.
Observations on the Anton Antigen and Antibody
Authors: Poole Joyce , Giles Carolyn M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFive antisera with Anton specificity were studied serologically. The determinant is not sensitive to treatment by proteolytic enzymes (notably trypsin) and is present on cells of the recessive type of Lu(a‐b‐) phenotype. The Anton ‘para‐Lutheran’ antigen/antibody therefore seems to be associated with the Lutheran blood group system only by means of cells of the dominant type of the Lu(a‐b‐) phenotype which is controlled by In(Lu), a gene independent of the Lutheran locus.
Elution of Group‐Specific Substance A from RBC of Various Subgroups of A and Its Effect on the Agglutination of Ax RBC
Authors: Dodd B.E. , Wood N.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractExperiments are described which demonstrate that when the Landsteiner heat elution technique is used to prepare eluates from group A cells, some A substance as well as anti‐A is released into the eluates. The concentration found is greatest from A1 RBC and least from Ax, suggesting a relationship with the number of antigen sites on RBC of the various subgroups. Further experiments have shown that the presence of this A‐specific substance in eluates accounts for the well‐know phenomenon that anti‐A from selected group O sera, when eluted from A1 RBC, will not agglutinate Ax even though the original serum showed an appreciable titre against Ax. The presence of the eluted antigen also suggests an explanation for the behaviour of antibody recovered from the red cells of various subgroups of A towards Ax.
Elimination of Monomeric, Dimeric and Polymeric Human Albumin from the Plasma of Inbred Mice and Dissociation of Natural Albumin Polymers
Authors: Ferner P. , Anhorn C.A. , Laschinger C. , Naylor D. H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCovalently linked albumin dimers and polymers had plasma half‐lives (t 1/2s) in mice which were not significantly different from that of native albumin. The elimination of a chemically treated albumin monomer was also not appreciably different from that of the native protein, but it was significantly faster than covalently linked albumin dimers and polymers. Essentially similar results were obtained when natural monomers, dimers and trimers were compared, although precise t 1/2 data may have been affected by the dissociation of natural polymers into appreciable amounts of monomer in vivo.
Plasma Exchange and Immune Complex Diseases: The Predictability of Immune Complexes Removal to Clinical Response
Authors: Valbonesi M. , Garelli S. , Montani F. , Manca F. , Cantarella S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract58 patients were treated by discontinuous flow plasma exchange because of an immune complex (IC) disease. 41 patients who had a high level of circulating IC prior to plasmapheresis showed both clinical and immunochemical evidence of improvement with plasma exchange. Only 2 patients with a high level of IC did not improve after therapy: these patients suffered from multiple sclerosis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, respectively. Prior to PE therapy the level of circulating IC in 15 patients was within the normal range, when measured according to Manca et al. In this group none of the patients worsened after therapy, whereas 8 patients showed an objective improvement. The positive correlation between IC removal and clinical results suggests that patients with a high level of circulating IC are most likely to benefit from apheretic treatment.
Factors Influencing Changes in pH during Storage of Platelet Concentrates at 20–24°C1,2
Authors: Moroff Gary , Friedman Andrea , Robkin‐Kline Linda 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe magnitude of the pH change during platelet concentrate storage at 20–24°C in polyvinyl chloride containers is not determined solely by platelet count per cubic millimeter of plasma, since a wide variation in pH was observed with similar platelet concentrations. In modified platelet concentrates having lost through centrifugation 3–15% of total platelets and 61–92% of residual leukocytes, the pH was maintained at substantially higher levels than in the paired control platelet concentrates. Leukocyte levels do not appear to determine the magnitude of the pH fall. Continuous oxygen ulilization is needed if the pH is to be maintained near 7.0. However, oxygen tension per se is not the factor which influences the extent of pH change. It has been concluded that a specific platelet subpopulation comprising a small proportion of the total platelets in concentrates and having an enhanced capacity to form lactate may be responsible for a major part of the pH reduction which occurs during storage of many platelet concentrates.
Management of Immune‐Mediated and Paraproteinemic Diseases by Membrane Plasma Separation and Cascade Filtration
Authors: Valbonesi M. , Garelli S. , Montani F. , Cefis M. , Rossi U. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMembrane plasma separation was utilized in the management of 19 patients with autoimmune, immune complex or paraproteinemic diseases. In these patients 34 procedures were carried out employing a new filter composed of polyvinyl alcohol hollow fibers with a nominal pore size of 0.4 μm. Cascade filtration was performed in 23 procedures using a second filter built up with ethylenevinylalcohol copolymer hollow fibers with a nominal pore size of 0.1–0.2 μm. Both filters employed showed a very good biocompatibility, and no untoward effect was observed. Using the differential sieving effect of cascade filtration it was possible to eliminate circulating immune complexes and immunoglobulin M without the loss of necessary plasma components.
Proficiency in Testing for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen: Experience with Ausria II®1
Authors: Nath Nrapendra , Fang Chyang T. , Pielech Mitchell , Lawson William , Dodd Roger Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEight hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) proficiency panels were tested using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) test kit during 1978 and 1979 by routine processing laboratories within the 57 American Red Cross Blood Services Regions. The test results were analyzed and it was found that lot‐to‐lot variability in the reagents may result in a measurable loss of sensitivity of the test leading to an increased error rate. On the basis of these studies, it is recommended that the positive to negative (P/N) ratio for validation of the test be raised to at least 25.
A New Therapeutic Antibody Removal Method Using Antigen Positive Red Cells: Application to M‐Incompatible Pregnant Women
Authors: Yoshida Hisahiro , Yoshida Yataro , Tatsumi Kenichi , Asoh Takeshi 
Published: March 2009

A study was made for the therapeutic removal of red cell antibodies using antigen positive red cells. With preliminary experiments in vitro, the criteria for the optimal absorption of anti‐M with O MM red cells were estimated to be the following: an incubation time of 10min, an incubation temperature of 0–4°C (in an ice‐water bath), and a red cell‐to‐plasma ratio of 1:2.5.On the basis of these in vitro experiments, the following procedure was designed. One unit (about 90 ml) of O MM packed red cells was added to a bag containing 250 ml of patient's plasma, the mixture was incubated in an ice‐water bath for 10 min. Following centrifugation, autologous plasma from which the antibodies were removed was reinfused. After absorption the titer of anti‐M fell from 512 to 4. No variation in the level of other plasma components was detected and no hemolysis was seen. After 2.5 *** of patient's plasma was treated using the above described method, the antibody titer usually decreased one log2 unit.When this method was compared with exchange plasmapheresis, no significant abnormalities in the immunoglobulin and hemostatic factors could be detected, but a moderate decrease in platelet count was seen after plasmapheresis. Thus, it appears that our method provides a rational therapeutic modality for specifically removing antibodies.
Intravenous Immune Serum Globulin in Immunodeficiency
Authors: Cunningham‐Rundles Charlotte 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to compare intravenous gamma‐globulin (IVGG) for 1 year in patients with primary immune defects who had previously been treated with intramuscular gamma‐globulin (IMGG). Forty‐three patients were available for analysis. After administration of 300 mg/kg of IVGG every 3 weeks, blood immunoglobulin levels increased to within 1 SD of normal for the patient's ages. In 5 patients, this dosage regimen did not raise the immunoglobulin levels satisfactorily, although they were still better than those achieved with IMGG. In 18 patients, treatment benefits became apparent after 5–6 months of treatment. Substantial improvement was observed in 70% of these patients. Sixteen reactions occurred with 638 infusions, an incidence rate of 2.5%. If 2 patients with an IgM macroglobulin and 1 patient with an anti‐IgA antibody were excluded, the reaction incidence would probably have been 1%.
Development of CMV Antibody Tests and Their Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Wielaard F. , Scherders J. , Dagelinckx C. , Hooijmans A. , Smit‐Siebinga C. T. , Welle F. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. An anti‐CMV ELISA was developed in which monoclonal antibodies to immobilize the CMV antigens are used. The test was compared with the IHA test and there was 98.6% agreement. Using the CF test as a referee, sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were calculated to be 98.6 and 99.0%, respectively. The seroconversion rate among Dutch donors was estimated from the age‐related prevalence of anti‐CMV antibodies to be about 0.4%. Specific anti‐CMV IgM was searched for in a large donor population using an antibody‐capture IgM ELISA; 1 of 600 donor sera was found positive. This makes it unlikely that screening for IgM anti‐CMV will effectively prevent posttransfusion CMV infections.In order to meet the demand for simpler tests, a one‐step ELISA was recently developed, based on the inhibition principle. Preliminary studies with this test indicate a high sensitivity and specificity.
Application of Robotics in Blood Banking1,2
Authors: Friedman Leonard I. , Severns Matthew L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. To demonstrate the feasibility of using robots in blood banking applications several prototype systems were developed. Activities associated with sample testing and component preparation were examined. In one project, a general‐purpose laboratory robot (Zymate Laboratory Automation System, Zymark, Inc., Hopkinton, Mass.) was configured to prepare samples for microplate‐based ABO/Rh testing. In a second project, this same robot was configured to carry out specific steps in evaluating bar‐coded labels, as part of a quality control procedure.A fluid‐handling robot (Sampler 505, Tecan AG, Hombrechtikon, Switzerland) was used to prepare the dilution of serum samples for the evaluation of an anti‐HTLV‐III test kit. It was then configured to aspirate, dilute and dispense samples for anti‐HTLV‐III and HBsAg testing. This robotic system is now in field trial.The use of large industrial robots for automating component production was also considered. The key element in this design was the development of a fixture that would hold the blood bag set during the balancing, centrifugation and expressing steps. However, a fixture which was capable of performing these operations and that was equivalent in size and adaptable to a standard centrifuge bucket could not be fabricated.
Hepatitis A Virus Transmission by Blood Products in the United States
Authors: Mosley James W. , Nowicki Marek J. , Kasper Carol K. , Operskalski Eva A. , Donegan Elizabeth , Aledort Louis M. , Hilgartner Margaret W. ,   The Transfusion Safety Study Group
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo address the question of HAV prevalence and seroconversion in relation to clotting factor concentrates, we assayed an early serum for 339 hemophiliacs followed every 6 months by the Transfusion Safety Study in the period from mid‐1985 until mid‐1992. We found 58.4% positive around entry, with an age‐specific prevalence that did not vary with age. In comparison to rates for anti‐HIV‐negative blood donors, they were significantly higher. Based on testing of subsequent sera, 11 hemophiliacs (7.8% of 141 susceptibles) changed their anti‐HAV status from negative to positive. In 9 instances, positivity immediately followed the first dose of intravenous immune globulin. A possible seroconversion followed treatment with blood components, and a possible seroconversion followed intermediate‐purity, solvent/detergent(SD)‐treated factor VIII concentrate. Neither of these 2 patients was anti‐HAV IgM positive, so that passively transferred antibody is possible. The high prevalence among hemophiliacs at entry must be further investigated by determining the expected background rate in a US population similar to the hemophilia patients, and by comparing anti‐HAV prevalence associated with SD‐treated and heat‐inactivated concentrates.
Sequence Variability of Hepatitis A Virus and Factor VIII Associated Hepatitis A Infections in Hemophilia Patients in Europe: An Update
Authors: Robertson Betty H. , Friedberg Devorah , Shouval Daniel , Normann Andrea , Graff Judith , Flehmig Bertram 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOutbreaks and sporadic cases of hepatitis A have been observed in 4 European countries in hemophilia patients receiving factor VIII preparations. PCR amplification of potential hepatitis A virus (HAV) nucleic acid present in plasma pools, purified factor VIII and acute‐phase sera from infected individuals has been performed and the nucleic acid sequence determined for those samples that resulted in a positive PCR product. HAV sequences were detected in the serum of 2 German patients, but not in the factor VIII lots administered to these individuals. Screening of plasma pools and the corresponding 5 lots of factor VIII associated with the outbreak in Ireland did not reveal any HAV sequences. In contrast, a study of samples from Italy detected HAV sequences in 5 of 12 lots and in 2 hemophilia patients who developed hepatitis A. These data suggest that implicated factor VIII preparations might have been involved in the outbreaks of HAV infection among Italian hemophiliacs. However, no molecular evidence was obtained for a similar association in Germany or Ireland. The preliminary data from these two investigations must be verified by animal inoculation studies and supported by epidemiologic analysis.
Distribution of Hepatitis A Antibody over a Process for the Preparation of a High‐Purity Factor VIII Concentrate
Authors: Hart H. , Jones A. , McIntosh R.V. , Cuthbertson B. , Cubie H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe levels of hepatitis A antibody were studied in factor VIII products manufactured by the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service. It was found that the current high‐purity factor VIII product has no detectable hepatitis A antibody, whereas the superseded intermediate‐purity product had significant antibody levels (6,700 mIU/ml). Although the finished high‐potency factor VIII product has no detectable hepatitis A antibody, significant levels of antibody are found in the early stages of product manufacture. This antibody may offer some protection against hepatitis A contamination present in very occasional plasma donations. Antibody to parvovirus B19 is also present at intermediate stages in the manufacture of high‐potency factor VIII, but its significance is not known. Hepatitis A antibody levels were also measured in normal immunoglobulin. These data indicate that antibody levels in the plasma pools used to manufacture factor VIII are falling.
Detection of Hepatitis A Virus in a Factor VIII Preparation by Antigen Capture/PCR
Authors: Normann Andrea , Graff Judith , Flehmig Bertram 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe antigen capture/PCR (AC/PCR) has been applied in the analysis of various factor VIII preparations, which were suspected to be contaminated with hepatitis A virus (HAV). AC/PCR involves capturing the antigen, i.e. the intact virus particles, by binding to the HAV monoclonal antibody mAb 7e7, reverse transcription of the viral RNA and amplification of the cDNA with HAV‐specific primer pairs. The PCR analysis of one factor VIII concentrate yielded an HAV‐specific DNA product, which could be confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The HAV strain recovered by AC/PCR from this factor VIII concentrate could be classified into genotype III after solid‐phase sequencing of the product and comparison with the consensus sequences for the known HAV genotypes. Analysis of the sera from 3 haemophiliacs treated with this batch has not resulted in a reliable product. However, the results obtained indicate that HAV can be detected in purified factor VIII preparations by AC/PCR.
Removal and Inactivation of Enveloped and Non‐Enveloped Viruses during the Purification of a High‐Purity Factor IX by Metal Chelate Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Roberts Peter L. , Walker Chris P. , Feldman Peter A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractVirus reduction during the copper chelate affinity chromatography stage used during the purification of a new high‐purity factor IX (BPLs 9MC) has been investigated. Virus reduction for the enveloped virus Sindbis was 6.5 log, a value which included approximately 2 log of inactivation due to the use of an acidic wash buffer (pH 4.4) during chromatography. In the case of the non‐enveloped hepatitis‐A‐like poliovirus, which is acid‐resistant, the virus reduction value was 4.0 log and was exclusively due to physical virus removal during the chromatographic process.
Removal and Inactivation of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) during Processing of Factor VIII Concentrates
Authors: Hamman J. , Zou J. , Horowitz B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlthough hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmission by single donor blood products is a rare event, recent reports have raised concerns about the potential for HAV transmission by pooled plasma products. In this study the removal and inactivation of HAV during production of a factor VIII concentrate, which included solvent‐detergent treatment and anion‐exchange chromatography steps, was assessed at 5 distinct stages of production using infectivity and, in some cases, isotopic assays. The results of these ‘spiking’ studies revealed an overall HAV clearance of >8 log with appreciable contributions from antibody neutralisation, cryoprecipitation, lyophilisation and possibly chromatography, but not filtration. In addition it was shown that neither solvent detergent treatment or ion‐exchange chromatography reversed or impeded the neutralisation of HAV by antibody.