bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QUALITY OF FROZEN SHRIMP THAWED BY RECIRCULATING AIR VERSUS WATER IMMERSION
Authors: LIN C. S. , HUNG Y.‐C. , MCWATTERS K. H. , PARK C.‐M. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe quality of shrimp thawed using a constant temperature thawing chamber compared with running water was studied. Shrimp thawed in room temperature air was used as the control. Shrimp thawed using the thawing chamber had lower drip loss, higher yield and moisture content than shrimp thawed by running water. However, the differences were not statistically significant. There were also no significant differences in press juice and shear force between control and shrimp thawed using either thawing method. Shrimp thawed using the thawing chamber had lower aerobic bacterial counts than either control or shrimp thawed using running water. Shrimp thawed using the thawing chamber did not exceed −1C throughout the thawing experiment, and microbial growth during thawing was also avoided. Results indicated that the thawing chamber has potential for the foodservice industry to produce uniformly thawed products under sanitary conditions.
SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE PERCOLATION OF SEA BUCKTHORN PRESS JUICE1
Authors: BEVERIDGE THOMAS H.J. , CLIFF MARGARET , SIGMUND PHILLIP 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTSea buckthorn press juice was subjected to percolation with supercritical carbon dioxide at 13.8 and 27.6 MPa. Control juice was not percolated. Percolation extracted about 81 % of the oil present in the press juice, lightened the orange color compared with the control juice, and changed the character of the juice as perceived by observers. Percolated juices had no visible particulate that adhered to glass surfaces as did the control juice. All juices were perceived by taste panelists as to be very sour, and it was decided to sweeten the juices with 10% sucrose before proceeding with sensory evaluations. Control juice was more yellow and thicker in consistency than the percolated juices which did not differ from each other. Juices prepared by 27.6 MPa percolation were more frequently reported as having citrus and peach‐like quality attributes compared with either of the other two juices. Analytical values for protein, oil, moisture, titratable acidity and pH were reported for the juices. Light microscopy indicated a lower oil content in the percolated juices and that the particle sizes were smaller in the percolated juices. Some morphological characteristics of the particles in both juice types are described.
THE POTENTIAL OF TERMINALIA CATAPPA (TROPICAL ALMOND) SEED AS A SOURCE OF DIETARY PROTEIN
Authors: EZEOKONKWO C.A. , DODSON W.L. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe nutritional value of Terminalia catappa seed as a source of dietary protein was investigated. The crude protein content of the seed was high (25.81%). The amino acid analysis showed a good pattern of the essential amino acids (EAA) (in g/16 g N) ‐ leucine (7.32), isoleucine (3.58), valine (2.74), phenylalanine (3.04), tryptophan (0.9), methionine (1.48), lysine (3.39), threonine (2.94), histidine (2.96). Tyrosine (2.12) is the limiting amino acid. The protein quality of the seed was evaluated by in vivo bioassays using weanling male Sprague Dawley rats (50–60 g). The indices of protein quality measured include PER, BV, NPU and TD. There were positive correlation between PER and BV (r = 0.7105), PER and body weight gain (r = 0.9157), PER and nitrogen intake (r = 0.7428). The results showed that T. catappa seed protein has a good pattern of the EAA, is highly digestible, can support growth and positive nitrogen balance and thus has a high dietary protein quality.
THE EFFECT OF CASEINOMACROPEPTIDE AND WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS ADHESION TO POLYSTYRENE SURFACES AND CELL AGGREGATION
Authors: JANER CAROLINA , DÍAZ JOSÉ , PELÁEZ CARMEN , REQUENA TERESA 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTCaseinomacropeptide (CMP) from bovine, ovine and caprine milk and whey protein concentrate (WPC) were both evaluated for adhesion inhibition of Streptococcus mutans to polystyrene surface and cell aggregation. Adhesion inhibition by the CMPs and WPC at 1 mg/mL was higher than 84%. The CMPs and WPC caused aggregation of S. mutans cells at low concentrations. These findings suggest the application of these milk derived proteins as potential dental caries inhibitors and for possible food application uses.
Multi‐attribute evaluation of flood management in Japan: a choice experiment approach
Authors: Zhai Guofang , Fukuzono Teruki , Ikeda Saburo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper intends to clarify the relationship among the important attributes of flood prevention measures and the effects of socio‐economic factors on the public preferences of selecting the measures based on the choice experiment approach. The experiment was conducted via a mail survey in the Toki–Shonai River basin of central Japan. First, the relationships among the five attributes (external flood reduction, internal flood reduction, early warning systems, environmental protection and willingness to pay for such countermeasures) were quantitatively clarified, and it was shown that an early warning system in terms of fatality rate due to floods was lowly evaluated by the public. Second, certain socio‐economic factors, like annual household income, flood experience, sex and distance to a river, had statistically significant impacts on the utility functions in our model. Third and finally, there was a statistically significant difference in regional model results between Toki city and Kita ward of Nagoya city. These results imply the necessity to implement localized watershed management in Japanese urban catchments, and to improve information provision and public understanding of flood risk.
Pooled faecal culture for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in goats
Authors: Eamens GJ , Walker DM , Porter NS , Fell SA 
Published: May 2007

Objective  To evaluate pooled faecal culture for herd diagnosis of caprine Johne's disease and relate these findings to faecal shedding rates of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (Map).Design  Radiometric broth culture was applied to several pooling dilutions, and shedding rates were estimated from a regression equation based on bacterial growth rates and known processing losses during radiometric culture.Procedure  Sixteen faecal samples from goats naturally infected with sheep (n = 3) or cattle (n = 13) strains of Map, were diluted in normal goat faeces from 1 in 5 to 1 in 50. Cultures were confirmed by IS900 polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis, and mycobactin dependency. The numbers of viable Map in the culture inocula were determined by endpoint titration (most probable number) of nine samples and related to a cumulative growth index.Results  A pooling dilution of 1 in 25 with an incubation period of 10 weeks detected 13 of 16 culture positive goats, all shedding ≥ 2 × 104 Map per gram of faeces. Two samples containing very low numbers of Map (< 2 × 103/g) were only culture positive from undiluted faeces. Thirteen of 16 goats were considered to be shedding low to moderate concentrations of Map (< 2 × 105/g faeces).Conclusions  These data support a pooling dilution of 1 in 25 for application of pooled faecal culture as a diagnostic tool in caprine Johne's disease control. A test based on this dilution would reduce laboratory costs of whole herd testing in goats by approximately 40% relative to serology and 75 to 90% relative to individual faecal culture.
Mass Spectrometric Isotope Dilution Determination of Cadmium in Geochemical Reference Samples
Authors: ROSMAN K.J.R. , DE LAETER J.R. 
Published: May 2007

Twenty seven geochemical reference samples have been analysed for cadmium using the stable isotope dilution technique. These include four USGS, one NBS, five CRPG, eleven ANRT and six NIMROC samples. Each sample has been analysed at least in duplicate.The four USGS samples have previously been measured in this laboratory by Rosman and De Laeter, but the present results are believed to be more accurate than the earlier data. Our results for the other twenty three samples are much lower than most of the published data. There is also evidence of cadmium inhomogeneities in some of the samples.
Determination of the Absolute Hydrogen Isotopic Ratio of V‐SMOW and SLAP
Authors: de WIT J.C. , van der STRAATEN C.M. , MOOK W.G. 
Published: May 2007

By mixing 1H2O and 2H2O, both with accurately known purity, samples were prepared with 2H/1H ratios close to those of the international isotopic water standards: V‐SMOW and SLAP. A mass spectrometrical comparison of these calibration samples with the actual water standards revealed: 2H/1H of V‐SMOW = (155.95 ± 0.08) × 10−6 2H/1H of SLAP = (89.12 ± 0.07) × 10−6δ2HV‐SMOW(SLAP) =−428.5 ± 0.5 %
Application of an Iodide Extraction System For The Determination Of Ag, Cd, Mo And Tl In Rocks by GFAAS
Authors: de CASTRO M.A. , BUGAGAO R. , EBARVIA B. , ROQUE N. , RUBESKA I. 
Published: May 2007

Ag, Cd, Ti and Mo are extracted from 3M HCI and 0.03M I as ion associates with trioctylphosphine oxide into MIBK. Measurement of the organic extract by GFAAS enables a determination down to 0.02 ppm of Cd, 0.2 ppm of Ag, Mo and Tl. The procedure has been tested on standard reference rock materials prepared by the GSJ and the USGS.Ag, Cd, Tl et Mo sont extraits à partir d'une solution de HCI 3M et d'ions I 0.03M associés à une solution de TOPO (Trioctylphosphine oxyde) dans le MIBK. Les dosages dans l'extrait organique par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique avec four graphite permettent une détermination à partir de 0.02 ppm pour Cd et 0.2 ppm pour Ag, Mo et TI. La méthode est testée sur des échantillions de reférence préparés par le GSJ et par I'USGS.
Analyse des Standards de L'U.S.G.S. : GXR‐1 a GXR‐6 par Activation Neutronique et Fluorescence X
Authors: MEYER G. , GLADNEY E.S. , GRUFFAT J.J. , RAIMBAULT L. 
Published: May 2007

Six roches standards de I'USGS : GXR‐1 à GXR‐6 ont été analysées par activation neutronique instrumentale (INAA) pour le dosage de 17 éléments traces et par fluorescence X (XRF) pour les autres éléments difficiles à doser par activation neutronique. Les travaux précédemment publiés par Gladney et al. ont été pris comme référence en particulier les valeurs recommandées (R.V.) qui sont généralement en bon accord avec nos résultats. Quelques remarques et corrections sont proposées pour expliquer certaines disparités.Six United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Geochemical Exploration References Samples (GXR) have been analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for the determination of seventeen trace elements and by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) for other trace elements difficult to determine by INAA. Our results compare favourably with the values recommended by E.S. Gladney et al. Some suggestions and corrections are proposed to explain some discrepancies.
Determination of Total Carbon and Sulfur in Fifty‐two Geochemical Reference Samples by Combustion and Infrared Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: TERASHIMA Shigeru 
Published: May 2007

The contents of total carbon and sulfur in 52 international geochemical reference samples have been determined by a method of infrared absorption following combustion in a high‐frequency induction furnace. A comparison with published data shows clearly the need for much more data on most samples before consensus values could be assigned.Les teneurs en carbone et soufre totaux ont été déterminées dans 52 échantillons géochimiques de référence par combustion suivie de spectrométrie d'absorption infra‐rouge. Une comparaison de ces résultats avec ceux de la littérature montre bien la nécessité de disposer davantage de données pour pouvoir fixer des valeurs de consensus.
Quantification of 1,3-β-
d
-Glucan Levels in Children: Preliminary Data for Diagnostic Use of the β-Glucan Assay in a Pediatric Setting
Authors: Smith P. Brian , Benjamin Daniel K. , Alexander Barbara D. , Johnson Melissa D. , Finkelman Malcolm A. , Steinbach William J. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

1,3-β-
d
-Glucan serum levels have demonstrated good diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of candidiasis in adult patients, but normal levels for children have not been established. We found higher 1,3-β-
d
-glucan levels in children than those previously reported in adults.
Typing of Human Enterovirus by Partial Sequencing of VP2
Authors: Nasri Dorsaf , Bouslama Lamjed , Omar Shabir , Saoudin Henia , Bourlet Thomas , Aouni Mahjoub , Pozzetto Bruno , Pillet Sylvie 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

The sequencing of the VP1 hypervariable region of the human enterovirus (HEV) genome has become the reference test for typing field isolates. This study describes a new strategy for typing HEV at the serotype level that uses a reverse transcription-PCR assay targeting the central part of the VP2 capsid protein. Two pairs of primers were used to amplify a fragment of 584 bp (with reference to the PV-1 sequence) or a part of it (368 bp) for typing. For a few strains not amplified by the first PCR, seminested primers enhanced the sensitivity (which was found to be approximately 10
−1
and 10
−4
50% tissue culture infective dose per reaction tube for the first and seminested assay, respectively). The typing method was then applied to 116 clinical and environmental strains of HEV. Sixty-one typeable isolates were correctly identified at the serotype level by comparison to seroneutralization. Forty-eight of 55 “untypeable” strains (87.3%) exhibited the same serotype using VP1 and VP2 sequencing methods. For six strains (four identified as EV-71, one as E-9, and one as E-30 by the VP2 method), no amplification was obtained by the VP1 method. The last strain, typed as CV-B4 by VP1 and CV-B3 by VP2 and monovalent antiserum, could exhibit recombination within the capsid region. Although the VP2 method was tested on only 36 of the 68 HEV serotypes, it appears to be a promising strategy for typing HEV strains isolated on a routine basis. The good sensitivity of the seminested technique could avoid cell culture and allow HEV typing directly from PCR products.
Sensitive Detection of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
in Human Respiratory Tract Samples by Optimized Real-Time PCR Approach
Authors: Dumke Roger , Schurwanz Nicol , Lenz Matthias , Schuppler Markus , Lück Christian , Jacobs Enno 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

To enhance the sensitivity of the available real-time PCR systems for the detection of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
, we established a method to amplify copies of the repetitive element repMp1. In a study of respiratory tract samples, we found that, compared to the use of the conserved part of the P1 adhesin gene as a monocopy target, the use of the repMp1-PCR showed an increase in the detected genome equivalents by a factor of 22.
Mycobacterium simiae
Complex Infection in an Immunocompetent Child
Authors: Cruz Andrea T. , Goytia Veronica K. , Starke Jeffrey R. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Nontuberculous mycobacteria are ubiquitous in the environment but rarely infect immunocompetent patients. We describe a pediatric case of
Mycobacterium simiae
complex lymphadenitis in an immunocompetent child and review the natural history, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and current management of the disease.
Nonsporulating Clinical Isolate Identified as
Petromyces alliaceus
(Anamorph
Aspergillus alliaceus
) by Morphological and Sequence-Based Methods
Authors: Balajee S. Arunmozhi , Lindsley Mark D. , Iqbal Naureen , Ito James , Pappas Peter G. , Brandt Mary E. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Concerted morphological and sequencing-based strategies revealed the identity of a nonsporulating clinical isolate as
Petromyces alliaceus
(anamorph
Aspergillus alliaceus
). This rare
Aspergillus
sp. was recovered as the etiological agent of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and had reduced in vitro susceptibilities to amphotericin B and caspofungin, which correlated with clinical failure of therapy.
Simplified and Reliable Scheme for Species-Level Identification of
Staphylococcus
Clinical Isolates
Authors: Iorio Natalia Lopes Pontes , Ferreira Rosana Barreto Rocha , Schuenck Ricardo Pinto , Malvar Karoline Lourenço , Brilhante Anike Pereira , Nunes Ana Paula Ferreira , Bastos Carla Callegário Reis , dos Santos Kátia Regina Netto 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Reliable and rapid identification of staphylococcal strains continues to be a problem faced by many microbiology laboratories. This study evaluates a simplified method that uses a flowchart to assist in the identification of 12 clinical species of
Staphylococcus
, including eight subspecies. A total of 198 isolates and 11 control strains were identified by the reference method, which employed 22 tests. The results were compared with those obtained by two other methods: an automated system (MicroScan WalkAway) and a simplified method composed of nine tests. The simplified scheme showed an accuracy of 98.5%, while the automated method showed an accuracy of 79.3% (
P
< 0.001), in identifying staphylococcal species. Atypical phenotypic profiles were detected by both the reference (55.6%) and the simplified (19.7%) methods. The simplified method proposed here was shown to be reliable, with the advantage of being more practical and economic than the reference method.
Puumala Hantavirus Viremia Diagnosed by Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR Using Samples from Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever and Renal Syndrome
Authors: Evander Magnus , Eriksson Irene , Pettersson Lisa , Juto Per , Ahlm Clas , Olsson Gert E. , Bucht Göran , Allard Annika 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Puumala virus (PUUV) is the endemic hantavirus in northern Sweden and causes nephropathia epidemica (NE), a milder form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. There is a need for fast and reliable diagnostics to differentiate the disease from other infections. By aligning virus RNA sequences isolated from 11 different bank voles and one human patient, we designed a real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR method for detection of PUUV RNA. The real-time RT-PCR assay showed linearity from 20 to 2 × 10
6
virus copies with a correlation coefficient above 0.98 to 0.99 for all experiments. The detection threshold for PUUV cDNA was two copies per reaction. A two-step qualitative RT-PCR to detect PUUV RNA showed 100% concordance with the real-time RT-PCR assay. PUUV RNA viremia was detected in 33 of 34 PUUV immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive patients with typical clinical NE disease from the region of endemicity. One PUUV IgM-negative sample had PUUV RNA, and 4 days later, the patient was IgM positive. Of samples with indeterminate IgM, 43% were PUUV RNA positive. The kinetics of antibody titers and PUUV viremia were studied, and five of six NE patients displayed a decrease in PUUV viremia a few days after disease outbreak coupled with an increase in PUUV IgM and IgG. In one patient with continuously high PUUV RNA levels but low IgM and no IgG response, the infection was lethal. These findings demonstrated that real-time RT-PCR is a useful method for diagnosis of PUUV viremia and for detecting PUUV RNA at early time points, before the appearance of IgM antibodies.
New Highly Divergent rRNA Sequence among Biodiverse Genotypes ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiStrains Isolated from Humans in Gabon and Cameroon
Authors: Breton Jacques , Bart-Delabesse Emmanuelle , Biligui Sylvestre , Carbone Alessandra , Seiller Xavier , Okome-Nkoumou Madeleine , Nzamba Chantal , Kombila Maryvonne , Accoceberry Isabelle , Thellier Marc 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTIntestinal microsporidiosis due toEnterocytozoon bieneusiis a leading cause of chronic diarrhea in severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. It may be a public health problem in Africa due to the magnitude of the HIV pandemic and to poor sanitary conditions. We designed two prevalence studies ofE. bieneusiin Central Africa, the first with HIV-positive patients from an urban setting in Gabon and the second with a nonselected rural population in Cameroon. Stool samples were analyzed by an immunofluorescence antibody test and PCR. Twenty-five out of 822 HIV-positive patients from Gabon and 22 out of 758 villagers from Cameroon were found to be positive forE. bieneusi. The prevalence rates of the two studies were surprisingly similar (3.0% and 2.9%). Genotypic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene showed a high degree of diversity in samples from both countries. In Gabon, 15 isolates showed seven different genotypes: the previously reported genotypes A, D, and K along with four new genotypes, referred to as CAF1, CAF2, CAF3, and CAF4. In Cameroon, five genotypes were found in 20 isolates: the known genotypes A, B, D, and K and the new genotype CAF4. Genotypes A and CAF4 predominated in Cameroon, whereas K, CAF4, and CAF1 were more frequent in Gabon, suggesting that different genotypes present differing risks of infection associated with immune status and living conditions. Phylogenetic analysis of the new genotype CAF4, identified in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive subjects, indicates that it represents a highly divergent strain.
Coreceptor Switch in R5-Tropic Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques
Authors: Ho Siu-hong , Tasca Silvana , Shek Lili , Li Amy , Gettie Agegnehu , Blanchard James , Boden Daniel , Cheng-Mayer Cecilia 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT
The basis for the switch from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor usage seen in ∼50% of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B-infected individuals as disease advances is not well understood. Among the reasons proposed are target cell limitation and better immune recognition of the CXCR4 (X4)-tropic compared to the CCR5 (R5)-tropic virus. We document here X4 virus emergence in a rhesus macaque (RM) infected with R5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus, demonstrating that coreceptor switch can happen in a nonhuman primate model of HIV/AIDS. The switch to CXCR4 usage in RM requires envelope sequence changes in the V3 loop that are similar to those found in humans, suggesting that the R5-to-X4 evolution pathways in the two hosts overlap. Interestingly, compared to the inoculating R5 virus, the emerging CXCR4-using virus is highly neutralization sensitive. This finding, coupled with the observation of X4 evolution and appearance in an animal with undetectable circulating virus-specific antibody and low cellular immune responses, lends further support to an inhibitory role of antiviral immunity in HIV-1 coreceptor switch.
Low Immune Activation despite High Levels of Pathogenic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Results in Long-Term Asymptomatic Disease
Authors: Choudhary Shailesh K. , Vrisekoop Nienke , Jansen Christine A. , Otto Sigrid A. , Schuitemaker Hanneke , Miedema Frank , Camerini David 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Long-term asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals (LTA) usually have low viral load and low immune activation. To discern whether viral load or immune activation is dominant in determining progression to AIDS, we studied three exceptional LTA with high viral loads. HIV type 1 isolates from these LTA were as pathogenic as viruses from progressors in organ culture. Despite high viral loads, these LTA had low levels of proliferating and activated T cells compared to progressors, like other LTA. In contrast to those in progressors, HIV-specific CD4
+
T-cell responses in these LTA were maintained. Thus, low immune activation despite a high viral load preserved HIV-specific T-cell responses and resulted in a long-term asymptomatic phenotype.