bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative perceived paternal parenting is associated with dopamine D2 receptor exon 8 and GABA(A) alpha 6 receptor variants: An explorative study
Authors: Lucht Michael , Barnow Sven , Schroeder Winnie , Grabe Hans Joergen , Finckh Ulrich , John Ulrich , Freyberger Harald J. , Herrmann Falko H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTwin studies suggest a genetic influence upon perceived parenting. The D2 dopaminergic receptor is involved in the modulation of social behaviors, and might influence parenting and its perception. A polymorphism (E8) in exon 8 of the D2 receptor gene (DRD2) has been previously associated with alcoholism‐related phenotypes. Similarly, the Pro385Ser variant of GABRA6, the polymorphic gene for GABA(A) receptor α6 subunit, has been associated with alcohol‐ and depression‐related traits; and rat pups maintained a more immature GABAR phenotype after brief separation distress. The relationships among DRD2 (E8) and GABRA6 (Pro385Ser) polymorphisms, and perceived parenting were studied here. The association of DRD2 (E8) and GABRA6 (Pro385Ser) genotypes and perceived parental rearing behavior (short‐EMBU; questionnaire concerning own memories concerning upbringing) were determined in 207 unrelated adults using multivariate analysis of variance. Temperaments (Temperament and Character Inventory; TCI) were included as covariates. Probands with DRD2 (E8) A/A genotype showed higher scores for father rejection (P = 0.011), parents overprotection (P = 0.021), and father overprotection (P = 0.016) in the total group. An interaction between DRD2 and GABRA6 genotypes on father rejection (P = 0.010) and parents rejection (P = 0.030) was also observed. Further analyses showed that these associations were restricted to the female subgroup only; however, secondary gender‐specific analyses were not corrected for multiple testing. Our findings support a role for DRD2 (E8) and GABRA6 (Pro385Ser) in perceived parenting. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mobility in Central European Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age: Femoral cross‐sectional geometry
Authors: Sládek Vladimír , Berner Margit , Sailer Robert 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSome scholars explain the absence of settlements in the Bohemian and Moravian Late Eneolithic (Corded Ware archaeological culture) as a consequence of pastoral subsistence with a high degree of mobility. However, recent archaeological studies argued that the archaeological record of the Late Eneolithic in Central Europe exhibits evidence for sedentary subsistence with mixed agriculture, similar to the subsequent Early Bronze Age. Because the archaeological data do not allow us to address unambiguously the mobility pattern in these periods, we used cross‐sectional analysis of the femoral midshaft to test mobility directly on the human skeletal record. The results of femoral midshaft geometry do not support a high degree of mobility in the Late Eneolithic in Central Europe. This conclusion is supported mainly by no significant differences in male groups between the Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age in mechanical robusticity and shape of the femoral midshaft, although Corded Ware males still exhibit the highest absolute mean values of the diaphyseal shape (IA‐P/IM‐L) ratio and antero‐posterior second moment of area. However, Late Eneolithic females have significantly higher torsional and overall bending rigidity because of a significantly higher medio‐lateral second moment of area. This finding cannot be directly linked with a higher degree of long‐distance mobility for these females. A significant difference was also found in overall decrease of size parameters of the femoral midshaft cross section for one of the Early Bronze Age samples, the Wieselburger females. Since the decrease of size and mechanical robusticity for Wieselburger females does not correspond with the parameters of Early Bronze Age females, we can expect a mosaic pattern of changes during the Late Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age period, instead of a simple unidirectional (diachronic) change of the mechanical environment. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006 © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dentition of moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax mystax) from Padre Isla, Peru, part 1: Quantitative variation
Authors: Tornow Matthew A. , Ford Susan M. , Garber Paul A. , de sa Sauerbrunn Edward 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAnalyses of dental variation in geographically restricted, wild populations of primates are extremely rare; however, such data form the best source for models of likely degrees of variation within and between fossil species. Data from dental casts of a geographically restricted population of moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax mystax) from Padre Isla, Peru, document high levels of dental variability, as measured by coefficients of variation, in a nonsexually dimorphic species, despite its isolation and small population size. Like other primates, moustached tamarins show lower variability in the dimensions of the first molars and increased variability in the dimensions of the final molars in the toothrow. Moustached tamarins from Padre Isla have a distinctive pattern of variability in the remaining teeth, including more stable tooth lengths in the anterior and posterior portions of the toothrow, and more stable tooth widths in the midregion of the toothrow. High variability in incisor width may be due to age effects of a distinctive diet and pattern of dental wear. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Periventricular leukomalacia specifically affects cortical MEG response to biological motion
Authors: Pavlova Marina , Marconato Fabio , Sokolov Alexander , Braun Christoph , Birbaumer Niels , Krägeloh‐Mann Ingeborg 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectivePeriventricular leukomalacia (PVL) underlies most of the neurological morbidity including visual‐perceptual deficits in survivors of premature birth. However, it is unknown whether and, if so, how PVL affects functional cortical activity.MethodsHere, we assessed changes in the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) response to visual displays depicting human locomotion in adolescents who were born premature with magnetic resonance imaging signs of PVL.ResultsDynamics of MEG activity parallel behavioral deficits. Early (140–170 milliseconds) brain activation over the right parietal cortex was weaker in patients compared with term‐born controls.InterpretationThis is the first evidence for stimulus‐specific modulation of cortical activity by periventricular lesions providing new insights into the functional pathology of PVL. Ann Neurol 2006
A novel hereditary small vessel disease of the brain
Authors: Verreault Steve , Joutel Anne , Riant Florence , Neves Georgina , Rui Silva Mario , Maciazek Jacqueline , Tournier‐Lasserve Elizabeth , Bousser Marie‐Germaine , Chabriat Hugues 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectiveOnly few hereditary ischemic small vessel diseases of the brain (SVDB) have been reported so far. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most frequent of them. Herein, we report a family affected by a SVDB distinct from CADASIL.MethodsAfter the occurrence of a small deep infarct associated with white matter lesions both in a 46‐year‐old man and in his 52‐year‐old sister, clinical and neuroimaging investigations were conducted in 13 of their relatives originating from Portugal. Other investigations included (1) skin biopsy immunostaining with a Notch3 monoclonal antibody, (2) sequencing of the 23 exons encoding the epidermal growth factor–like domains of the NOTCH3 gene, and (3) a NOTCH3 locus haplotype analysis.ResultsDiffuse white matter hyperintensities were observed on T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in six individuals. In contrast with MRI results in the father and paternal uncle of the proband who were hypertensive, white matter lesions were extensive in the mother who had no vascular risk factor. MRI data in four asymptomatic family members together with the results in the two initial cases were suggestive of an underlying hereditary small vessel disease of the brain. Skin biopsy and NOTCH3 gene mutation screening were negative. Haplotype analysis excluded the NOTCH3 locus.InterpretationThese data strongly suggest that this family is affected by a novel hereditary small vessel disease of the brainand that the mutated gene is distinct from NOTCH3. Ann Neurol 2006
Effects of reactive low‐profile additives on the properties of cured unsaturated polyester resins. II. Glass‐transition temperature and mechanical properties
Authors: Dong Jyh‐Ping , Lee Jeng‐Huei , Lai Duen‐Horng , Huang Yan‐Jyi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe effects of reactive poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl acetate)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PVAc‐b‐PMMA) as low‐profile additives (LPAs) on the glass‐transition temperature and mechanical properties of low‐shrink unsaturated polyester resin (UP) were investigated by an integrated approach of determining static phase characteristics, reaction kinetics, cured sample morphology, and property measurements. The factors that, according to Takayanagi mechanical models, control the glass‐transition temperature in each phase region of the cured samples, as identified by both the thermally stimulated currents method and dynamic mechanical analysis, and the mechanical properties are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 867–878, 2006
Ozonolysis of model olefins—Efficiency of antiozonants
Authors: Huntink N. M. , Datta R. N. , Talma A. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this study, the efficiency of several potential long lasting antiozonants was studied by ozonolysis of model olefins. 2‐Methyl‐2‐pentene was selected as a model for natural rubber (NR) and 5‐phenyl‐2‐hexene as a model for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). A comparison was made between the efficiency of conventional antiozonants like N‐(1,3 dimethylbutyl)‐N′‐phenyl‐p‐phenylene diamine (6PPD), N‐isopropyl‐N′‐phenyl‐p‐phenylene diamine (IPPD), and a mixture of diaryl p‐phenylene diamines (Wingstay 100) and some newly synthesized antiozonants. The stearic acid salt of 6PPD (PPD‐C18), 2,4,6‐tris(4‐(phenylamino)phenyl)‐1,3–5‐triazinane (ADPAT), and 4‐pyrole diphenylamine (PDPA) showed a higher efficiency than the conventional antiozonants in both NR as well as SBR model system. Special attention was paid to the carboxylic acid salts of 6PPD such as PPD‐C18, which has shown good long‐term protection of passenger tire sidewall compounds. It was demonstrated that by varying the chain length, C7, C18, and C22, of the carboxylic acid part of the 6PPD salts, the ozone protection was not influenced under the selected test conditions. The 6PPD salts made from strong acids like succinic acid (SA) and methyl sulfonic acid (MSA) appeared to be less efficient than PPD‐C18. It was also investigated whether the reactions between ozone and the double bonds of the model rubber could be measured online by a spectroscopic technique. It was demonstrated that near infrared spectroscopy is a suitable technique to study these reactions. FT Raman looked also a promising technique because of the high response factor of double bonds. However, the addition of p‐phenylene diamines (PPDAs) to the sample solution resulted in a strong discoloration (dark brown) and therefore in a high fluorescence background signal. This technique can therefore not be used for the evaluation of staining antiozonants. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 100: 853–866, 2006
Relative strength of H‐bonding groups on biodegradable polymer‐based blends in solution
Authors: Soria V. , Gomez C. M. , Falo M. , Abad C. , Campos A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and poly(styrene‐co‐vinyl phenol) copolymers with mutual solvent epichlorohydrin were thoroughly investigated by steady‐state fluorescence and viscosity techniques. Fluorescence spectroscopy along with viscosity technique was used to asses the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between poly‐(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and its blends with five copolymer samples of styrene–vinyl phenol, containing different proportions of vinyl phenol but similar average molecular weight and polydispersity index. In the case of very low OH contents (2–4 mol %), as expected, both components of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylphenol) chains are well separated and remain so independently of the mixed polymer ratio and overall polymer concentration as well. Conversely, when the OH content reaches 5.8 mol % or more, a significant decrease of the intrinsic fluorescence intensity emitted by the copolymer is detected upon addition of aliquots of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate). In these cases, an average value for the interassociation equilibrium constant, KA = 8.7, was obtained using a binding model formalism. A good agreement of these results with those obtained from complementary viscosity measurements, through the interaction parameter, Δb, was found. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 900–910, 2006
Block copolymer of trans‐polyisoprene and urethane segment: Shape memory effects
Authors: Ni Xiuyuan , Sun Xiaohui 
Published: January 2006

AbstractShape memory behaviors of trans‐polyisoprene (TPI) segmented urethane copolymers were studied. Film specimens for cyclic loading tests were prepared from the polymer solution by casting, and tested at the loading temperature of 65°C. Results show that the recovery rates of the films depend on their TPI segment contents, while the fixity rate was measured to be close to 100% for each sample. The film containing 70% TPI segments was found to show a recovery rate of 85%. Two separated phases were clearly observed in the morphology of the films. The urethane segments were organized into spherical domains acting as physical cross‐links during the shape memory process. The continuous phase formed by the crystalline TPI segments serves as the reversible phase responsible for fixation of the temporary shape. The tensile and dynamic thermal properties of those films were also studied. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 879–885, 2006
How to facilitate immersion in a consumption experience: appropriation operations and service elements
Authors: Carù Antonella , Cova Bernard 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

An entire research current has taken on the mantle of analysing the growing quest on the part of contemporary consumers for immersion into varied experiences. But there has been little empirical analysis of this process of immersion and the experience it produces. This paper introduces and develops the subjective operations that consumers undertake in their efforts to be submerged in the consumption experience. It uses empirical research based on introspective reports filed by consumers who attended a series of classical music concerts. The results suggest that, rather than being an immediate process, immersion in a consumption experience is more progressive. To facilitate this progressive process, greater attention must be paid to the management of those service elements that will have an impact on the so‐called operations of appropriation.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensory stimuli and e‐tailers
Authors: Parsons Andrew , Conroy Denise 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
This paper examines the use of sensory stimuli in the creation of store atmosphere in the online context. Parsons (2002) shows that online shoppers are motivated by many of the same non‐functional aspects of shopping as physical store shoppers (eg Tauber, 1972; Sheth, 1983), including sensory stimulation from aural and visual stimuli. This study investigates what customers desire from a virtual store atmosphere, and conducts an audit of the 15 top e‐tailers as ranked by Nielsen/NetRatings (2001) using the extant set of stimuli/responses established from the physical store literature. Findings suggest a strong desire from customers for sensory stimuli, with only partial matching by e‐tailers, and a surprising lack of differentiation among competitors. Examination of purchase responses to actual stimuli suggests a need for e‐tailers to match consumers' desires.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Spirocyclic PS Cage Cation: Synthesis and Formation of P7S6I2+
Authors: Gonsior Marcin , Krossing Ingo , Matern Eberhard 
Published: January 2006

AbstractUpon ionization of the P4S3I2 molecule with Ag[Al(OR)4], a highly reactive sulfonium cation P4S3I+ is generated (NMR simulated and assigned). At −80 °C this cation reacts with additional P4S3I2 to give either an iodophosphonium P4S3I3+ cation (NMR simulated and assigned) and P4S3 or to give several isomers of a metastable compound that is probably P8S3I3+. This mixture decomposes at 0 °C to give only three isomers of the spirocyclic P7S6I2+ cage cation (31P NMR simulated and assigned, X‐ray of one isomer, IR assigned). The oxidation of the [Ag(P4S3)2]+ complex by I2 also resulted in the formation of P7S6I2+, but with more by‐products. The spirocyclic 15‐atom cage of P7S6I2+ has no precedent and contains the first phosphonium center bonded only to P and S atoms. This structural element gives the first experimental clue as to how formal charge‐bearing elements in the still unknown class of binary PCh (Ch = chalcogen) or homopolyatomic P cations may be constructed.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of MnIII and CuII Tetranuclear Azido Polyoxometalate Complexes: Multifrequency High‐Field EPR Spectroscopy of Cu4 Clusters with S=1 and S=2 Ground States
Authors: Mialane Pierre , Duboc Carole , Marrot Jérôme , Rivière Eric , Dolbecq Anne , Sécheresse Francis 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTwo new azido‐bridged polyoxometalate compounds were synthesized in acetonitrile/methanol media and their molecular structures have been determined by X‐ray crystallography. The [{(γ‐SiW10O36)Mn2(OH)2(N3)0.5(H2O)0.5}2(μ‐1,3‐N3)]10− (1 a) tetranuclear MnIII complex, in which an end‐to‐end N3− ligand acts as a linker between two [(γ‐SiW10O36)Mn2(OH)2]4− units, represents the first manganese–azido polyoxometalate. The magnetic properties have been studied considering the spin Hamiltonian ℋ︁=−J1(S1S2+S1*S2*)−J2(S1S1*), showing that antiferromagnetic interactions between the paramagnetic centers (g=1.98) occur both through the di‐(μ‐OH) bridge (J1=−25.5 cm−1) and the μ‐1,3‐azido bridge (J2=−19.6 cm−1). The [(γ‐SiW10O36)2Cu4(μ‐1,1,1‐N3)2(μ‐1,1‐N3)2]12− (2 a) tetranuclear CuII complex consists of two [γ‐SiW10O36Cu2(N3)2]6− subunits connected through the two μ‐1,1,1‐azido ligands, the four paramagnetic centers forming a lozenge. The magnetic susceptibility data have been fitted. This reveals ferromagnetic interactions between the four CuII centers, leading to an S=2 ground state (ℋ︁=−J1(S1S2+S1*S2*)−J2(S2S2*), J1= +294.5 cm−1, J2=+1.6 cm−1, g=2.085). The ferromagnetic coupling between the CuII centers in each subunit is the strongest ever observed either in a polyoxometalate compound or in a diazido‐bridged CuII complex. Considering complex 2 a and the previously reported basal–basal di‐(μ‐1,1‐N3)‐bridged CuII complexes in which the metallic centers are not connected by other magnetically coupling ligands, the linear correlation J1=2639.5−24.95*θav between the θav bridging angle and the J1 coupling parameter has been proposed. The electronic structure of complex 2 a has also been investigated by using multifrequency high‐field electron paramagnetic resonance (HF‐EPR) spectroscopy between 95 and 285 GHz. The spin Hamiltonian parameters of the S=2 ground state (D=−0.135(2) cm−1, E=−0.003(2) cm−1, gx=2.290(5), gy=2.135(10), gz=2.158(5)) as well as of the first excited spin state S=1 (D=−0.960(4) cm−1, E=−0.080(5) cm−1, gx=2.042(5), gy=2.335(5), gz=2.095(5)) have been determined, since the energy gap between these two spin states is very small (1.6 cm−1).
Vibronic Coupling in Organic Semiconductors: The Case of Fused Polycyclic Benzene–Thiophene Structures
Authors: Coropceanu Veaceslav , Kwon Ohyun , Wex Brigitte , Kaafarani Bilal R. , Gruhn Nadine E. , Durivage Jason C. , Neckers Douglas C. , Brédas Jean‐Luc 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe nature of vibronic coupling in fused polycyclic benzene–thiophene structures has been studied using an approach that combines high‐resolution gas‐phase photoelectron spectroscopy measurements with first‐principles quantum‐mechanical calculations. The results indicate that in general the electron–vibrational coupling is stronger than the hole–vibrational coupling. In acenedithiophenes, the main contributions to the hole–vibrational coupling arise from medium‐ and high‐frequency vibrations. In thienobisbenzothiophenes, however, the interaction of holes with low‐frequency vibrations becomes significant and is larger than the corresponding electron–vibrational interaction. This finding is in striking contrast with the characteristic pattern in oligoacenes and acenedithiophenes in which the low‐frequency vibrations contribute substantially only to the electron–vibrational coupling. The impact of isomerism has been studied as well.
S,O‐Acetals as Novel “Chiral Aldehyde” Equivalents
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Crawley Matthew L. , Lee Chul Bom 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylations (AAA) to form “chiral aldehyde” equivalents were investigated. α‐Acetoxysulfones were formed in high enantiomeric excess as single regioisomers in AAA reactions of allylic geminal dicarboxylates with sodium benzenesulfinate. The directing ability of this novel functional group was highlighted by a series of dihydroxylations, affording syn diols exclusively anti to the acetoxy sulfone as single diastereomers in excellent yields. This is the first example of an asymmetric dihydroxylation protocol that gives the equivalent of reaction with a simple enal. The synthetic value of this process was exemplified by subsequent transformations of the diols including the development of a one‐pot dihydroxylation–deprotective acyl migration protocol to give differentially protected 1,2‐diols.
Substrate‐Independent Transduction of Chromophore‐Free Organic and Biomolecular Transformations into Color
Authors: Das Gopal , Matile Stefan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe concept of synthetic multifunctional pores as substrate‐independent optical signal transducers of chemical reactions is introduced with emphasis on the combination with substrate‐specific signal generation in biomolecular transformations. Comparison with the general electrochemical transduction, known from conventional biosensors, and the general optical transduction of analyte‐specific biomolecular recognition (rather than transformation), known from immunosensing, reveals the fundamental nature of the concept as well as an attractive complementarity to existing methods. Examples with transferases, hydrolases, lyases, and even an isomerase demonstrate that optical transduction with synthetic multifunctional pores is general far beyond the substrate‐specific signal generators of electrochemical transduction, that is, the oxidoreductases, and absolutely unproblematic. In part very recent breakthroughs are used to highlight the remarkable promise of synthetic multifunctional pores as optical transducers of biomolecular transformation with regard to practical sensing and screening applications.