bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution of a multiple Nevanlinna–Pick problem for Carathéodory functions via orthogonal rational functions in the matrix case
Authors: Lasarow Andreas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe consider an interpolation problem of Nevanlinna–Pick type for matrix‐valued Carathéodory functions, where the values of the functions and its derivatives up to certain orders are given at finitely many points of the open unit disk. For the non‐degenerate case, i.e., in the particular situation that a specific block matrix (which is formed by the given data in the problem) is positive Hermitian, the solution set of this problem is described in terms of orthogonal rational matrix‐valued functions. These rational matrix functions play here a similar role as Szegő's orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle in the classical case of the trigonometric moment problem. In particular, we present and use a connection between Szegő and Schur parameters for orthogonal rational matrix‐valued functions which in the primary situation of orthogonal polynomials was found by Geronimus. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Alkyne‐Linked Poly(1,8‐carbazole)s: A Novel Class of Conjugated Carbazole Polymers
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Osako Haruka , Shigehara Kiyotaka 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNovel conjugated carbazole polymers based on the alkyne‐linked 1,8‐carbazole structure are synthesized in high yield by the Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction and acetylenic oxidative coupling reaction. The polymers are thermally stable and highly soluble in common organic solvents such as CHCl3, CH2Cl2, and THF. As compared to ethynylene‐linked polymer, the butadiynylene‐linked polymer display a bathochromic shift in the absorption maximum and end absorption position. In addition, the fluorescence behaviors in CH2Cl2 are almost identical for both polymers. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the ethynylene‐linked polymer possesses a lower first oxidation potential than the butadiynylene‐linked one.magnified image
Botulinum toxin type B vs. type A in toxin‐naïve patients with cervical dystonia: Randomized, double‐blind, noninferiority trial
Authors: Pappert Eric J. , Germanson Terry 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare efficacy, safety, and duration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) and type B (BoNT‐B) in toxin‐naïve cervical dystonia (CD) subjects. BoNT‐naïve CD subjects were randomized to BoNT‐A or BoNT‐B and evaluated in a double‐blind trial at baseline and every 4‐weeks following one treatment. The primary measure was the change in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) from baseline to week 4 post‐injection. Secondary measures included change in TWSTRS‐subscale scores, pain, global impressions, and duration of response and safety assessments. The study was designed as a noninferiority trial of BoNT‐B to BoNT‐A. 111 subjects were randomized (55 BoNT‐A; 56 BoNT‐B). Improvement in TWSTRS‐total scores 4 weeks after BoNT‐B was noninferior to BoNT‐A (adjusted means 11.0 (SE 1.2) and 8.8 (SE 1.2), respectively; per‐protocol‐population (PPP)). The median duration of effect of BoNT‐A and BoNT‐B was not different (13.1 vs. 13.7 weeks, respectively; P‐value = 0.833; PPP). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of injection site pain and dysphagia. Mild dry mouth was more frequent with BoNT‐B but there were no differences for moderate/severe dry mouth. In this study, both BoNT‐A and B were shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of toxin‐naive CD subjects. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Broadband gap‐coupled half hexagonal microstrip antennas
Authors: Ray K. P. , Pandey M. D. , Deshmukh A. A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThree configurations of compact gap‐coupled half hexagonal microstrip antennas have been presented for broad bandwidth. Parametric studies for the effect of coupling gap and feed point location on the performance of these antennas have been investigated and the results have been validated experimentally. Increase in bandwidth is more than twice for the two configurations and about four times for the third case when compared with that of the corresponding hexagonal microstrip antenna. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 271–275, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23069
A frequency reconfigurable bow‐tie slot antenna with wide bandwidth
Authors: Lee Woosung , Kim Hyungrak , Yoon Young Joong 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this article a wide bandwidth frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented. The basic geometry of the antenna is a microstrip‐fed bow‐tie slot antenna. This type of antenna allows bandwidth to increase and it is modified to mount switches easily as well as to maintain good impedance matching in all operating bands. Both the simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna has good frequency reconfigurability with wide bandwidth. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 404–406, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23086
A compact branch‐line coupler using defected ground structures
Authors: Maddah‐Ali Mohsen , Dalili Oskouei Hamid , Forooraghi Keyvan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA compact branch‐line coupler (BLC) with a size reduction of about 70% of a conventional BLC has been introduced. The coupler has been designed using a defected ground structure (DGS). No bonding wire or via holes have been used. The simulation results have been verified by measurement with good agreement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 386–389, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23118
The use of MPA amide for the assignment of absolute configuration of a sterically hindered cyclic secondary amine by ‘mix and shake’ NMR method
Authors: Gao Jinhai , Haas Hansjoerg , Wang Kate Yaping , Chen Zhuoliang , Breitenstein Werner , Rajan Srinivasan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe present here a new method using methoxyphenylacetic acid (MPA) as the chiral derivatizing agent (CDA) for the assignment of absolute configuration of cyclic secondary amines. The MPA amides were prepared using the purification‐free ‘mix and shake’ method. A detailed conformational analysis for the two diastereomeric amides was conducted by 2D NMR experiments and molecular mechanics calculations. We have established that, in the most stable conformation of each syn rotamer of MPA amides, the H‐α in the MPA moiety is oriented toward the bulky substituent group at the asymmetric carbon in the chiral amine, presumably to avoid steric and/or electrostatic interactions. The observed NMR data were correlated with the conformational model to allow unambiguous assignment of absolute configuration of secondary amines. The results demonstrate that the MPA can be used as a useful CDA in the case of sterically crowded cyclic secondary amines from which the MTPA amides are usually difficult to make. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multinuclear solid‐state magnetic resonance study of the interactions between the inorganic and organic coatings of BaSO4 submicronic particles
Authors: Borsacchi S. , Geppi M. , Veracini C. A. , Lazzeri A. , Di Cuia F. , Geloni C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSilica‐coated BaSO4submicronic particles, modified on the surface by treatment with stearic acid, have been characterized by means of 29Si, 13C, and 1H magic‐angle‐spinning (MAS) high‐resolution techniques, and low‐resolution 1H‐FID analysis. Two types of adsorbed water were identified; adsorbed either inside or on the surface of BaSO4, most of the latter being removed by the silica coating. Evidences of silica–stearic acid interactions were found involving either carboxylic acid or carboxylate functional groups, and occurring by means of hydrogen and/or covalent bonds. Stearic acid was present as monolayer only, its chain being mostly rigid, even though a small fraction was subjected to fast inter‐conformational motions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dielectric permittivity and temperature effects on spin–spin couplings studied on acetonitrile
Authors: Sahakyan Aleksandr B. , Shahkhatuni Astghik A. , Shahkhatuni Aleksan G. , Panosyan Henry A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDielectric permittivity (ε) and temperature effects on indirect spin–spin coupling constants were studied using acetonitrile as a probe molecule. Experiments were accompanied by hybrid DFT (density functional theory) studies, where the solvent was modeled using the polarization continuum model. Owing to its numerous types of J‐couplings, acetonitrile is a very convenient molecule against which various basis sets can be tested or the best basis set can be selected for a given study. The results show reasonable agreement between calculated and experimental values. According to our data, scalar spin–spin coupling constants undergo substantial shifts at lower values of the dielectric constant. Thus J‐coupling values are not transferable between measurements made at differing ε–conditions, and the assumption of the ε‐independence of the J‐coupling can lead to crucial mistakes in experiments using low‐ε media. Dielectric permittivity also causes small geometric fluctuations within the molecule, which themselves can affect J‐coupling values. Examinations of the results computed with frozen and relaxed geometries show that geometry mediation mostly affects the spin‐dipole term of the J‐coupling; hence, for accurate evaluation of the latter, frozen geometries are not acceptable. Another interesting fact revealed is the connection between the solvent dielectric properties and the temperature‐dependence slopes of J‐couplings in corresponding media. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral analysis of 1H coupled 13C spectra of the amino acids: adaptive spectral library of amino acid 13C isotopomers and positional fractional 13C enrichments
Authors: Tiainen Mika , Maaheimo Hannu , Niemitz Matthias , Soininen Pasi , Laatikainen Reino 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe natural abundance 1H‐coupled 13C NMR spectra of all proteogenic amino acids were measured in D2O at pH* 1. The accurate 1H,13C spin‐spin coupling constants were analyzed using total‐line‐shape fitting. The obtained spectral parameters can be used to establish a spectral library of amino acid 13C isotopomers. The adaptive spectral library principle is introduced and discussed in this article. The simulated spectra can be applied to quantification of 13C isotopomer mixtures of amino acids and, thus, for exploring metabolic pathways. Also a protocol for amino acid 13C isotopomer metabolomic profiling in 13C labeled glucose feeding experiments is outlined. The approach is suggested to give invaluable information about positional fractional 13C enrichments, which are not easily available by any other method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two new phenylbutanoids from inner bark of Betula pendula
Authors: Liimatainen Jaana , Sinkkonen Jari , Karonen Maarit , Pihlaja Kalevi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTwo phenylbutanoids, 7‐{3R‐[(4‐hydroxyphenyl)butyl] β‐glucopyranosid‐O‐6‐yl} 4‐O‐β‐glucopyranosylvanillin and 3‐β‐glucopyranosyloxy‐1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐butanone were isolated from an aqueous methanol extract of the inner bark of Betula pendula. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The complete assignment of proton and carbon signals was achieved by 1D and 2D NMR experiments: selective 1D TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC and DQF‐COSY. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in a Tubular Reactor
Authors: Müller Matthias , Cunningham Michael F. , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe use of a tubular reactor for conducting living radical polymerizations by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was investigated. Solution polymerization experiments were performed with styrene and butyl acrylate to elucidate the influence of a continuous reaction process on conversion, molecular weight, and polydispersity compared to batch polymerization experiments. The continuous polymerizations were well controlled. Initial conversion was found to be slightly higher in the tubular reactor than in a batch polymerization run at similar conditions, while number average molecular weight and polydispersity are comparable between the continuous and batch processes. Residence time distribution studies showed the reactor exhibits nearly plug flow behavior.magnified image
Transcriptome and proteome profiling of colon mucosa from quercetin fed F344 rats point to tumor preventive mechanisms, increased mitochondrial fatty acid degradation and decreased glycolysis
Authors: Dihal Ashwin A. , van der Woude Hester , Hendriksen Peter J. M. , Charif Halima , Dekker Lennard J. , IJsselstijn Linda , de Boer Vincent C. J. , Alink Gerrit M. , Burgers Peter C. , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. , Woutersen Ruud A. , Stierum Rob H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractQuercetin has been shown to act as an anticarcinogen in experimental colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to characterize transcriptome and proteome changes occurring in the distal colon mucosa of rats supplemented with 10 g quercetin/kg diet for 11 wk. Transcriptome data analyzed with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that quercetin significantly downregulated the potentially oncogenic mitogen‐activated protein kinase (Mapk) pathway. In addition, quercetin enhanced expression of tumor suppressor genes, including Pten, Tp53, and Msh2, and of cell cycle inhibitors, including Mutyh. Furthermore, dietary quercetin enhanced genes involved in phase I and II metabolism, including Fmo5, Ephx1, Ephx2, and Gpx2. Quercetin increased PPARα target genes, and concomitantly enhanced expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) degradation. Proteomics performed in the same samples revealed 33 affected proteins, of which four glycolysis enzymes and three heat shock proteins were decreased. A proteome‐transcriptome comparison showed a low correlation, but both pointed out toward altered energy metabolism. In conclusion, transcriptomics combined with proteomics showed that dietary quercetin evoked changes contrary to those found in colorectal carcinogenesis. These tumor‐protective mechanisms were associated with a shift in energy production pathways, pointing at decreased cytoplasmic glycolysis and toward increased mitochondrial FA degradation.
Multidimensional chromatography: Validation and efficient fishing for biomarkers and fractions containing them using the VisualCockpit software package
Authors: Cumme Gerhard A. , Kreusch Stefan , Nagel Matthias , Rhode Heidrun 
Published: December 2007

Abstract2‐D native LC yields thousands of fractions especially when applied to sera of different origin. Checking reproducibility of repeated separation of the same serum or searching for biomarker candidates and fractions containing them requires finding, selection, and comparison of interesting data subsets out of huge data volumes. An innovative software package is applied that markedly enhances simplicity, velocity, and reliability of (i) check of reproducibility of the separation method and (ii) analysis of proteomes pertaining to different disease states.
Characterisation of the plasma membrane subproteome of bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Bridges Daniel J. , Pitt Andrew R. , Hanrahan Orla , Brennan Kiva , Voorheis H. Paul , Herzyk Pawel , de Koning Harry P. , Burchmore Richard J. S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractProteome analysis by conventional approaches is biased against hydrophobic membrane proteins, many of which are also of low abundance. We have isolated plasma membrane sheets from bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei by subcellular fractionation, and then applied a battery of complementary protein separation and identification techniques to identify a large number of proteins in this fraction. The results of these analyses have been combined to generate a subproteome for the pellicular plasma membrane of bloodstream forms of T. brucei as well as a separate subproteome for the pellicular cytoskeleton. In parallel, we have used in silico approaches to predict the relative abundance of proteins potentially expressed by bloodstream form trypanosomes, and to identify likely polytopic membrane proteins, providing quality control for the experimentally defined plasma membrane subproteome. We show that the application of multiple high‐resolution proteomic techniques to an enriched organelle fraction is a valuable approach for the characterisation of relatively intractable membrane proteomes. We present here the most complete analysis of a protozoan plasma membrane proteome to date and show the presence of a large number of integral membrane proteins, including 11 nucleoside/nucleobase transporters, 15 ion pumps and channels and a large number of adenylate cyclases hitherto listed as putative proteins.
Synthesis of polyisobutylene with arylamino terminal group by combination of cationic polymerization with alkylation
Authors: Zhang Cheng‐Long , Wu Yi‐Xian , Xu Xu , Li Yan , Feng Li , Wu Guan‐Ying 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe controlled cationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) initiated by H2O as initiator and TiCl4 as coinitiator was carried out in n‐Hexane/CH2Cl2 (60/40, v/v) mixture at −40 °C in the presence of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA). Polyisobutylene (PIB) with nearly theoretical molecular weight (Mn = 1.0 × 104 g/mol), polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of 1.5 and high content (87.3%) of reactive end groups (tert‐Chlorine and α‐double bond) was obtained. The Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of triphenylamine (TPA) with the above reactive PIB was further conducted at different reactions, such as [TPA]/[PIB], solvent polarity, alkylation temperature, and time. The resultant PIBs with arylamino terminal group were characterized by 1H NMR, UV, and GPC with RI/UV dual detectors. The experimental results indicate that alkylation efficiency (Aeff) increased with increases in [TPA]/[PIB], reaction temperature, and reaction time and with a decrease in solvent polarity. The alkylation efficiency could reach 81.0% at 60/40(v/v) mixture of n‐Hex/CH2Cl2 with [TPA]/[PIB] of 4.49 at 50 °C for 54 h. Interestingly, the synthesis of PIB with arylamino terminal group could also be achieved in one pot by combination of the cationic polymerization of IB initiated by H2O/TiCl4/DMA system with the successive alkylation by further introduction of TPA. Mono‐, di‐ or tri‐alkylation occurred experimentally with different molar ratio of [TPA]/[PIB]. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 936–946, 2008
Polystyrene/Fe3O4 composite latex via miniemulsion polymerization‐nucleation mechanism and morphology
Authors: Luo Ying‐Da , Dai Chi‐An , Chiu Wen‐Yen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this research, oil‐based Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by means of coprecipitation method followed by a surface modification using lauric acid. Oil‐based Fe3O4 could disperse in styrene, and polystyrene/Fe3O4 (PS/Fe3O4) composite particles were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization in the presence of potassium peroxide (KPS) as an initiator, sodium dodecyl sulphate as a surfactant, hexadecane or sorbitan monolaurate(Span 20) as a costabilizer. The effects of Fe3O4 content, homogenization energy, amount of initiator, amount of surfactant and costabilizer on the conversion, size distributions of droplets and latex particles, nucleation mechanism and morphology of composite latex particles were investigated. The results showed that different nucleation mechanisms dominated during the course of reaction when polymerization conditions changed. The most important two key factors to influence the nucleation mechanism were homogenization energy and initiator. High homogenization energy provided critically stabilized size of droplets. Otherwise, secondary nucleation, including micellar and/or homogeneous nucleation, would take place rather than droplet nucleation when a water‐soluble initiator, KPS, was used. It resulted in two populations of latex particles, pure PS particles in smaller size and PS/Fe3O4 composite particles in larger size. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1014–1024, 2008
Long‐term X‐ray stimulated crystallization of poly(N‐methyldodecano‐12‐lactam) in blend with poly(styrene‐stat‐acrylic acid)
Authors: Kratochvíl Jaroslav , Baldrian Josef , Brus Jiří , Sikora Antonín 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe effect of X‐ray irradiation on crystallization of the blend of poly(N‐methyldodecano‐12‐lactam) (PMDL) with 29.5% of statistical copolymer poly(styrene‐stat‐acrylic acid) (PSAA) was studied using DSC, WAXD, and solid‐state 13C NMR methods. Significant acceleration of crystallization was found in the as‐prepared X‐ray irradiated (XI), that is, WAXD‐measured, samples compared with the nonirradiated (NI) ones. In the XI blend, the incubation period was shortened and crystallization proceeded at significantly higher rate. In the asymptote, after 100–120 days, both NI and XI samples reached the same final crystallinity of about 18%. The second DSC runs indicated that the stimulating effect of X‐ray irradiation was eliminated by heating the sample during the first run. The 13C NMR studies have shown that PMDL chains crystallize exclusively in cis conformation on the CN bond. Both in neat PMDL and in the blend with PSAA, the XI samples contained a significantly higher proportion of cis conformers in amorphous phase than the NI samples. It is suggested that energy absorbed by the sample during the standard WAXD measurement helps overcome the barrier of the trans/cis transition in the PMDL molecules. This opens the way to the formation of a higher number of critical equilibrium nuclei and, finally, results in accelerated crystallization of the XI samples. No irreversible changes were found in the XI samples. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 311–321, 2008
Managing bioremediation of a creosote‐contaminated superfund site by optimizing moisture and temperature in a biopile
Authors: Portier Ralph J. , Iqbal Javed , Metosh‐Dickey Caroline A. , Davis T. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSoil moisture content and temperature in a contaminated soil biopile equipped with immobilized microbe bioreactors (IMBRs) were optimized during ex situ bioremediation at a creosote‐contaminated Superfund site. Efficiency of remediation during warm summer months without soil‐temperature and moisture optimization was compared with that of cold winter months when corrective measures were applied. Significant reduction (35 percent) in total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was observed, compared to 3.97 percent without corrective measures (p < 0.05). Kinetic rates (KRs) for total PAH removal were significantly enhanced from 3.93 to 50.95 mg/kg/day. KRs for removal of high molecular mass four‐to‐six‐ring PAHs were also significantly enhanced from 70.29 mg/kg/day to 97.45 mg/kg/day ( p < 0.05). Bioremediation of two‐ and three‐ring PAHs increased significantly from 15 percent to 40 percent. Benzo[a]pyrene toxicity equivalent mass (BaPequiv) was significantly reduced by 48 percent with KR of 0.47 mg/kg/day as compared to 22 percent with KR of 0.14 mg/kg/day (p < 0.05). Soil moisture content was enhanced from 15.7 percent to 41.4 percent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.