bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical defects in heavily Mg‐doped Al0.69Ga0.31N
Authors: Wu Y. , Moe C. G. , Keller S. , DenBaars S. P. , Speck J. S. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract The microstructure of p‐type Al0.69Ga0.31N with high Mg‐doping was studied by conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Spike‐like domains were observed with an average diameter of ∼10 nm, height of ∼400 nm and density of 2.2 × 1011/cm2. These long and narrow domains nucleated about 200 nm above the Mg‐doping boundary and resembled ordinary inversion domains induced by Mg‐doping. However, the energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy line‐scan results provided unambiguous evidence that the domains were Ga‐rich. The lateral composition segregation between the domains and surrounded matrix was further confirmed by high angular dark field images in STEM. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles study of the electronic structure and the associated magnetism of carbon‐doped TiO2
Authors: Li Q. K. , Wang B. , Zheng Y. , Wang Q. , Wang H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBased on first‐principles calculations, the electronic structure and the associated magnetism of carbon‐doped rutile TiO2 have been investigated in the frame of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We find that the carbon substitutional oxygen ions can induce a magnetic moment of about 2.0µB/C, but the carbon substitutional titanium cannot provide any magnetism. Graphics of the spin density show that the magnetism is from the structure distortion around the carbon substitutional oxygen ions in the (110) plane of primitive TiO2. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical calculation of overlap and kinetic integrals in prolate spheroidal coordinates
Authors: Romanowski Zbigniew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe efficient algorithm calculating the overlap and the kinetic integrals for the numerical atomic orbitals is presented. The described algorithm exploits the properties of the prolate spheroidal coordinates. The overlap and the kinetic integrals in ℝ3 are reduced to the integrals over the rectangular domain in ℝ2, what substantially reduces the complexity of the problem. We prove that the integrand over the rectangular domain is continuous and does not have any slope singularities. For calculation of the integral over the rectangle any adaptive algorithm can be applied. The exemplary results were obtained by application of the adaptive Gauss quadrature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
The cutoff phenomenon for randomized riffle shuffles
Authors: Chen Guan‐Yu , Saloff‐Coste Laurent 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe study the cutoff phenomenon for generalized riffle shuffles where, at each step, the deck of cards is cut into a random number of packs of multinomial sizes which are then riffled together. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2008
Novel Biocatalysts Based on S‐Layer Self‐Assembly of Geobacillus Stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a: A Nanobiotechnological Approach
Authors: Schäffer Christina , Novotny René , Küpcü Seta , Zayni Sonja , Scheberl Andrea , Friedmann Jacqueline , Sleytr Uwe B. , Messner Paul 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe crystalline cell‐surface (S) layer sgsE of Geobacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a represents a natural protein self‐assembly system with nanometer‐scale periodicity that is evaluated as a combined carrier/patterning element for the conception of novel types of biocatalyst aiming at the controllable display of biocatalytic epitopes, storage stability, and reuse. The glucose‐1‐phosphate thymidylyltransferase RmlA is used as a model enzyme and chimeric proteins are constructed by translational fusion of rmlA to the C‐terminus of truncated forms of sgsE (rSgsE 131−903, rSgsE331−903) and used for the construction of three principal types of biocatalysts: soluble (monomeric), self‐assembled in aqueous solution, and recrystallized on negatively charged liposomes. Enzyme activity of the biocatalysts reaches up to 100 % compared to sole RmlA cloned from the same bacterium. The S‐layer portion of the biocatalysts confers significantly improved shelf life to the fused enzyme without loss of activity over more than three months, and also enables biocatalyst recycling. These nanopatterned composites may open up new functional concepts for biocatalytic applications in nanobiotechnology.
Parallel analysis of tetramerization domain mutants of the human p53 protein using PCR colonies
Authors: Merritt Joshua , Roberts Kim G. , Butz James A. , Edwards Jeremy S. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
A highly-parallel yeast functional assay, capable of screening approximately 100–1,000 mutants in parallel and designed to screen the activity of transcription activator proteins, was utilized to functionally characterize tetramerization domain mutants of the human p53 transcription factor and tumor suppressor protein. A library containing each of the 19 possible single amino acid substitutions (57 mutants) at three positions in the tetramerization domain of the human p53 protein, was functionally screened in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Amino acids Leu330 and Ile332, whose side chains form a portion of a hydrophobic pocket that stabilizes the active p53 tetramer, were found to tolerate most hydrophobic amino acid substitutions while hydrophilic substitutions resulted in the inactivation of the protein. Amino acid Gln331 tolerated essentially all mutations. Importantly, highly parallel mutagenesis and cloning techniques were utilized which, in conjunction with recently reported highly parallel DNA sequencing methods, would be capable of increasing throughput an additional 2–3 orders of magnitude.
Identification and Validation of Proteinase 3 and Latent Matrix-Metalloproteinase 9 as Potential Biomarkers for Chronic Lung Transplant Rejection
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wendt Christine H. , Hertz Marshall I. , Nelsestuen Gary L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and early detection of chronic allograft rejection after lung transplantation.MethodsProtein ratios in pooled samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from lung transplant recipients at different stages of pre- and postchronic rejection were determined by iTRAQ labeling and mass spectrometry. The potential biomarkers were validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay.ResultsTwo hundred sixty-five proteins were identified, about two thirds of which showed more than a twofold difference between a pooled control sample (individuals who did not develop chronic rejection in 100 months) and a pooled sample from those with chronic rejection. Proteinase 3 (PR-3) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were validated by ELISA assay of 124 individual samples. PR-3 and the latent form of MMP-9 (proMMP9) both demonstrated a specificity of 92% with sensitivities of 76% and 82%, respectively, for disease diagnosis; both were also predictors of developing chronic rejection up to 15 months before diagnosis. While immunoglobulin M (IgM) was upregulated in the pooled samples, individual sample analysis revealed that this arose from outlier values.ConclusionsiTRAQ can be used to detect a large number of proteins in pooled samples for the discovery of potential biomarkers, but the findings must be validated with technology capable of distinguishing broadly based changes from outcomes as a result of a few extreme cases. The proteins identified in this study expanded the panel of potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of chronic rejection and provided additional insight into the mechanism of the disease.
Regularity results for degenerate elliptic systems
Authors: Pingen Michael 
Published: September 2007

We prove regularity results for certain degenerate quasilinear elliptic systems with coefficients which depend on two different weights. By using Sobolev- and Poincaré inequalities due to Chanillo and Wheeden [S. Chanillo, R.L. Wheeden, Weighted Poincaré and Sobolev inequalities and estimates for weighted Peano maximal functions, Amer. J. Math. 107 (1985) 1191–1226; S. Chanillo, R.L. Wheeden, Harnack's inequality and mean-value inequalities for solutions of degenerate elliptic equations, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 11 (1986) 1111–1134] we derive a new weak Harnack inequality and adapt an idea due to L. Caffarelli [L.A. Caffarelli, Regularity theorems for weak solutions of some nonlinear systems, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 35 (1982) 833–838] to prove a priori estimates for bounded weak solutions. For example we show that every bounded weak solution of the system

−D_{\alpha }(a^{\alpha \beta }(x,u,\mathrm{∇}u)D_{\beta }u^{i}) = 0

with

|x|^{2}|\xi |^{2}⩽a^{\alpha \beta }\xi _{\alpha }\xi _{\beta }⩽|x|^{\tau }|\xi |^{2}

,

|x| < 1

,

\tau \in (1,2)

is Hölder continuous. Furthermore we derive a Liouville theorem for entire solutions of the above systems.

Résumé

Nous prouvons des résultats de régularité pour certains systèmes elliptiques quasi linéaires dégénérés avec des coefficients dépendant de deux poids différents. En employant des inégalités de Sobolev- et Poincaré dues à Chanillo et Wheeden [S. Chanillo, R.L. Wheeden, Weighted Poincaré and Sobolev inequalities and estimates for weighted Peano maximal functions, Amer. J. Math. 107 (1985) 1191–1226 ; S. Chanillo, R.L. Wheeden, Harnack's inequality and mean-value inequalities for solutions of degenerate elliptic equations, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 11 (1986) 1111–1134] nous déduisons une nouvelle inégalité de Harnack et adaptons une idée due à L. Caffarelli [L.A. Caffarelli, Regularity theorems for weak solutions of some nonlinear systems, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 35 (1982) 833–838] pour prouver des évaluations a priori pour des solutions limitées et faibles. Par exemple, chaque solution limitée et faible du système

−D_{\alpha }(a^{\alpha \beta }(x,u,\mathrm{∇}u)D_{\beta }u^{i}) = 0

avec

|x|^{2}|\xi |^{2}⩽a^{\alpha \beta }\xi _{\alpha }\xi _{\beta }⩽|x|^{\tau }|\xi |^{2}

,

|x| < 1

,

\tau \in (1,2)

est continue selon Hölder. De plus, nous déduisons un théorème de Liouville pour les solutions entières des systèmes ci-dessus.
Strong solutions for a compressible fluid model of Korteweg type
Authors: Kotschote Matthias 
Published: September 2007

We prove existence and uniqueness of local strong solutions for an isothermal model of capillary compressible fluids derived by J.E. Dunn and J. Serrin (1985). This nonlinear problem is approached by proving maximal regularity for a related linear problem in order to formulate a fixed point equation, which is solved by the contraction mapping principle. Localising the linear problem leads to model problems in full and half space, which are treated by Dore–Venni Theory, real interpolation and

\mathcal{H}^{\infty }

-calculus. For these steps, it is decisive to find conditions on the inhomogeneities that are necessary and sufficient.

Résumé

Nous prouvons l'existence et l'unicité de fortes solutions locales pour un modèle de fluides compressibles isothermes avec capillarité, dérivé par J.E. Dunn et J. Serrin (1985). L'idée de la démonstration consiste à montrer la régularité maximale d'un problème linéaire apparenté, afin de formuler un problème de point fixe, résolu par la suite par le principe de la contraction. Le problème linéaire est transféré par le principe de la localisation aux problèmes de modèle correspondants sur l'espace entier et sur le demi-espace. Ceux-là peuvent être traités à l'aide de la théorie de Dore–Venni, de l'interpolation réelle et du calcul des

\mathcal{H}^{\infty }

. Pour ces étapes, il est essentiel de trouver les conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour les inhomogénéités.
Nonlinear diffusion from a delocalized source: affine self-similarity, time reversal, & nonradial focusing geometries
Authors: Denzler Jochen , McCann Robert J. 
Published: September 2007

A family of explicit solutions is described, to the porous medium equation in its full range of nonlinearities (plus some analogous fourth-order diffusions), in which the pressure is given by a quadratic function of space at each instant in time. These include spreading solutions whose source is concentrated on any conic region of dimension lower than the ambient space, and solutions which focus at conic regions. The singular limiting distributions are affine projections of Barenblatt type solutions (with arbitrary signature) onto lower dimensional subspaces. All affine images of Barenblatt solutions form an invariant space on which the dynamics can be integrated explicitly. A time-reversal symmetry is revealed for the pressure equation which transforms spreading solutions to focusing solutions, and vice-versa. This yields new information about the long and short time asymptotics of finite-mass solutions, about the instability of focusing, and about singularity geometry.

Résumé

On décrit une famille de solutions explicites pour l'équation des milieux poreux pour toute l'échelle des nonlinéarités (ainsi que pour d'autres équations de diffusion analogues de quatrième degré). Pour ces solutions, la pression à chaque instant est une fonction quadratique en

\boldsymbol x

. Certaines de ces solutions sont diffusées à partir d'une source concentrée sur un domaine conique arbitraire de dimension inférieure à celle de l'espace ambient ; d'autres se focalisent sur des régions coniques. Pour les solutions focalisantes, on obtient à la limite une distribution singulière qui est une projection affine d'une solution de type Barenblatt (à signature arbitraire) sur un espace de dimension inférieure. L'ensemble des images affines des solutions de type Barenblatt est un espace invariant, sur lequel la dynamique peut s'intégrer explicitement. Par un changement de variables qui inverse le sens du temps, on arrive à transformer une solution diffusive en une solution focalisante. Ceci donne de nouvelles informations sur l'asymptotique en temps court et long pour des solutions de masse finie, sur l'instabilité des solutions focalisantes, ainsi que sur la géométrie des singularités.
Establishment and characterisation of two novel breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Bagadi Sarangadhara Appala Raju , Kaur Jatinder , Ralhan Ranju 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTwo novel oestrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer cell lines, BCa‐11 (familial) and BCa‐15 (sporadic) were successfully established from primary tumours. Characterisation of these cell lines showed expression of epithelial specific antigen and cytokeratins confirming their epithelial lineage. Analysis of ultrastructure and anchorage independent growth confirmed the epithelial nature and transformed phenotype of these cells. Both cell lines showed loss of pRb, Dab2 and ERα and elevated levels of proliferation marker Ki67. In addition, BCa‐11 cells showed loss of HOXA5, tumour suppressor genes p16INK4A and RARβ as well as overexpression of CyclinD1. Elevation of DNMT1 and DNMT3B transcript levels, promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A, RARβ2, and HOXA5 further support their neoplastic origin. In conclusion, the two ERα negative breast cancer cell lines established herein have certain useful characteristics that may make them valuable for understanding the mechanism of oestrogen receptor negative breast tumours and testing new drugs.
Towards a neuroanatomy of autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Stanfield Andrew C. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Spencer Michael D. , Philip Ruth , Gaur Sonia , Lawrie Stephen M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundStructural brain abnormalities have been described in autism but studies are often small and contradictory. We aimed to identify which brain regions can reliably be regarded as different in autism compared to healthy controls.MethodA systematic search was conducted for magnetic resonance imaging studies of regional brain size in autism. Data were extracted and combined using random effects meta-analysis. The modifying effects of age and IQ were investigated using meta-regression.ResultsThe total brain, cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and caudate nucleus were increased in volume, whereas the corpus callosum area was reduced. There was evidence for a modifying effect of age and IQ on the cerebellar vermal lobules VI–VII and for age on the amygdala.ConclusionsAutism may result from abnormalities in specific brain regions and a global lack of integration due to brain enlargement. Inconsistencies in the literature partly relate to differences in the age and IQ of study populations. Some regions may show abnormal growth trajectories.
A well-being programme in severe mental illness. reducing risk for physical ill-health: A post-programme service evaluation at 2 years
Authors: Smith Shubulade , Yeomans David , Bushe Chris J.P. , Eriksson Cecilia , Harrison Tom , Holmes Robert , Mynors-Wallis Laurence , Oatway Helen , Sullivan Gary 
Published: September 2007

AbstractintroductionCardiovascular disease is more prevalent in patients with severe mental illness (SMI) than in the general population.MethodSeven geographically diverse centres were assigned a nurse to monitor the physical health of SMI patients in secondary care over a 2-year period in the “Well-being Support Programme” (WSP). A physical health screen was performed and patients were given individual weight and lifestyle advice including smoking cessation to reduce cardiovascular risk.ResultsNine hundred and sixty-six outpatients with SMI >2 years were enrolled. The completion rate at 2 years was 80%. Significant improvements were observed in levels of physical activity (p < 0.0001), smoking (p < 0.05) and diet (p < 0.0001). There were no changes in mean BMI although 42% lost weight over 2 years. Self-esteem improved significantly. Low self-esteem decreased from 43% at baseline to 15% at 2 years (p < 0.0001). At the end of the programme significant cardiovascular risk factors remained, 46% of subjects smoked, 26% had hypertension and 81% had BMI >25.ConclusionPhysical health problems are common in SMI subjects. Many patients completed 2 years follow up suggesting that this format of programme is an acceptable option for SMI patients. Cardiovascular risk factors were significantly improved. interventions such as the Well-being Support Programme should be made widely available to people with SMI.
Post-surgical follow-up (by ELISA and immunoblotting) of cured versus non-cured cystic echinococcosis in young patients
Authors: NOUIR N. BEN , NUÑEZ S. , FREI E. , GORCII M. , MÜLLER N. , GIANINAZZI C. , MEKKI M. , NOURI A. , BABBA H. , GOTTSTEIN B. 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYThe study was designed to determine comparatively the prognostic value of immunoblotting and ELISA in the serological follow-up of young cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients exhibiting either a cured or a progredient (non-cured) course of disease after treatment. A total of 54 patients (mean age 9 years, range from 3 to 15 years) with surgically, radiologically and/or histologically proven CE were studied for a period up to 60 months after surgery. Additionally, some of the patients underwent chemotherapy. Based on the clinical course and outcome, as well as on imaging findings, patients were clustered into 2 groups of either cured (CCE), or non-cured (NCCE) CE patients. ELISA showed a high rate of seropositivity 4 to 5 years post-surgery for both CCE (57·1%) and NCCE (100%) patients, the difference found between the two groups was statistically not significant. Immunoblotting based upon recognition of AgB subcomponents (8 and 16 kDa bands) showed a decrease of respective antibody reactivities after 4 years post-surgery. Only sera from 14·3% of CCE patients recognized the subcomponents of AgB after 4 years, while none (0%) of these sera was still reactive at 5 years post-surgery. At variance, immunoblotting remained positive for AgB subcomponents in 100% of the NCCE cases as tested between 4 and 5 years after surgical treatment. Immunoblotting therefore proved to be a useful approach for monitoring post-surgical follow-ups of human CCE and NCCE in young patients when based upon the recognition of AgB subcomponents.
New perspectives through data discovery and modeling
Authors: Vorosmarty C. J. , McGuire A. D. , Hinzman L. , Holland M. , Murray M. , Schimel J. , Warnick W. , Weatherly J. , Wiggins H. 
Published: September 2007

Dramatic changes in the Arctic have captured the attention of the public. Understanding changes such as the decline of sea ice, the fate of polar bears and other marine mammals, melting of the Greenland ice sheet, changes in the terrestrial carbon budget, and impacts on and feedbacks from the human community require a new approach to research involving synthesis of linkages between system components and threshold behaviors.Addressing these challenges requires substantial improvement in methods to integrate complex and disparate data from observations and models, including traditional knowledge. Data are collected for a variety of purposes, are poorly harmonized over space and time, and bear varying degrees of access. Synthesizing this information requires innovative data discovery, standardization, interdisciplinary data integration, distribution, and advanced data assimilation to support the development of Arctic system models.
Diane Wickland receives 2007 Edward A. Flinn III award
Authors: Foley Jonathan A. , Trumbore Susan , Wickland Diane E. 
Published: September 2007

Several 2007 AGU Awards were presented at the Joint Assembly in Acapulco, Mexico. Winners were introduced by President Tim Killeen in a formal ceremony held on 25 May 2007. An honors fiesta followed the ceremony.It is with great pleasure that we recognize and honor the accomplishments of Diane E. Wickland, the 2007 winner of the Edward A. Flinn III Award from the American Geophysical Union, for her pivotal contributions to the development of the emerging field of biogeosciences.
Uppugunduri Aswathanarayana receives AGU's new international award
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2007

It is a distinct pleasure to present the new international award citation for Uppugunduri Aswathanarayana, honorary director of the Mahadevan International Centre for Water Resources Management, in India. This award, here being presented for the first time, recognizes individuals or small groups that further the Earth and space sciences, and use science for the benefit of society in less favored nations.I became acquainted with Professor A (as he is known to those who have difficulty pronouncing his name) in the course of geophysical fieldwork in East Africa in the mid‐1980s, when he was head of the Department of Geology at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. I have followed his diverse career ever since. In July 2006 he turned 78, but he hasn't slowed down at all!
Communication between professionals during volcanic emergencies
Authors: Solana Carmen , Spiller Claire 
Published: September 2007

Successful communication between scientists, officials, media, and the public is imperative during a volcanic crisis. Misunderstanding can lead to confusion and distrust, and it ultimately can transform an emergency into a disaster.Experience developed during volcanic crises in the Caribbean has helped identify ‘good practice’ guidelines for communication by scientists during volcanic emergencies (see “Communication during volcanic emergencies: An operations manual for the Caribbean, by C. Solana et al., Benfield Greig Haz.Res. Cent., Univ. Coll. London, 2001; available at http://www.bghrc.com).