bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery of antigen using a novel mannosylated dendrimer potentiates immunogenicity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sheng Kuo‐Ching , Kalkanidis Martha , Pouniotis Dodie S. , Esparon Sandra , Tang Choon Kit , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Pietersz Geoffrey A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAntigen mannosylation has been shown to be an effective approach to potentiate antigen immunogenicity, due to the enhanced antigen uptake and presentation by APC. To overcome disadvantages associated with conventional methods used to mannosylate antigens, we have developed a novel mannose‐based antigen delivery system that utilizes a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer. It is demonstrated that mannosylated dendrimer ovalbumin (MDO) is a potent immune inducer. With a strong binding avidity to DC, MDO potently induced OVA‐specific T cell response in vitro. It was found that the immunogenicity of MDO was due not only to enhanced antigen presentation, but also to induction of DC maturation. Mice immunized with MDO generated strong OVA‐specific CD4+/CD8+ T cell and antibody responses. MDO also targeted lymph node DC to cross‐present OVA, leading to OTI CD8+ T cell proliferation. Moreover, upon challenge with B16‐OVA tumor cells, tumors in mice pre‐immunized with MDO either did not grow or displayed a much more delayed onset, and had slower kinetics of growth than those of OVA‐immunized mice. This mannose‐based antigen delivery system was applied here for the first time to the immunization study. With several advantages and exceptional adjuvanticity, we propose mannosylated dendrimer as a potential vaccine carrier.
IL‐23‐mediated regulation of IL‐17 production in Helicobacter pylori‐infected gastric mucosa
Authors: Caruso Roberta , Fina Daniele , Paoluzi Omero Alessandro , Del Vecchio Blanco Giovanna , Stolfi Carmine , Rizzo Angelamaria , Caprioli Flavio , Sarra Massimiliano , Andrei Fabio , Fantini Massimo Claudio , MacDonald Thomas T. , Pallone Francesco , Monteleone Giovanni 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is associated with a marked infiltration of the gastric mucosa by inflammatory cells. The molecular pathways that control Hp‐associated inflammatory reaction are complex, but locally induced cytokines seem to contribute to maintaining the ongoing inflammation. We have previously shown that IL‐17 is over‐produced in Hp‐infected gastric mucosa, and that IL‐17 stimulates the synthesis of IL‐8, the major neutrophil chemoattractant. Factors/mechanisms that regulate IL‐17 expression remain, however, unknown. In this study, we initially expanded our previous data, showing that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are a source of IL‐17 in Hp‐infected samples. Since IL‐23 enhances T cell‐derived IL‐17 during bacterial infections, we then assessed the role of IL‐23 in controlling IL‐17 expression in Hp‐colonized stomach. Using real‐time PCR and ELISA, IL‐23 was detected in all gastric biopsies, but its expression was more pronounced in Hp‐infected samples in comparison to controls. Treatment of normal gastric lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) with IL‐23 enhanced Stat3 activation and IL‐17 secretion, and pharmacological inhibition of Stat3 prevented IL‐23‐driven IL‐17 synthesis. Consistently, blockade of IL‐23 in cultures of LPMC from Hp‐infected patients reduced Stat3 activation and IL‐17 production. Data show that IL‐23 is overexpressed in Hp‐infected gastric mucosa where it could contribute to sustaining IL‐17 production.
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection leads to the development of emphysema associated with the induction of alternatively activated macrophages
Authors: Marsland Benjamin J. , Kurrer Michael , Reissmann Regina , Harris Nicola L. , Kopf Manfred 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the 5th most prevalent disease worldwide leading to severe morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The disease is strongly associated with smoking, and can be characterized by progressive and irreversible deterioration in lung function and destruction of the lung parenchyma. We show here that infection with the hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis results in deterioration in lung function, destruction of alveoli and long‐term airways hyperresponsiveness, consistent with COPD and emphysema. N. brasiliensis infection leads to chronic low level hemorrhaging in the lung and the presence of hemosiderin‐laden macrophages in the absence of an overt inflammatory infiltrate. Microarray analysis of gene expression in diseased lungs and quantitative RT‐PCR analysis of purified macrophages revealed a state of prolonged tissue injury and the presence of alternatively activated macrophages producing MMP‐12. Taken together, these data show that lung tissue damage caused by hookworm infection can result in the development of COPD and emphysema.
Slamming the DOR on chemokine receptor signaling: Heterodimerization silences ligand‐occupied CXCR4 and δ‐opioid receptors
Authors: Hereld Dale , Jin Tian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDimerization has emerged as a common mechanism for regulating the function of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCR). Among these are chemokine receptors, which detect various chemokines and regulate a range of physiological process, including immune cell trafficking, cancer cell migration, and neuronal patterning. Homo‐ and heterodimerization in response to chemokine binding has been shown to be required for the initiation or alteration of signaling by a number of chemokine receptors. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a new study indicates that the formation of heterodimers of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the δ‐opioid receptor (DOR) prevents each of them from actively signaling, suggesting a novel mechanism for silencing GPCR function.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji200737630
Benzylamines as Versatile Agents for the One‐Pot Synthesis and Highly Ordered Stacking of Anatase Nanoplatelets
Authors: Garnweitner Georg , Tsedev Ninjbadgar , Dierke Hanno , Niederberger Markus 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe simple reaction of titanium isopropoxide in benzylamine is shown to lead to remarkably complex, highly ordered hybrid structures. These structures consist of anatase nanoplatelets that were stacked in a lamellar fashion with a small organic layer in between. By careful characterization of these structures, we show that indeed solely the benzylamine solvent is present in the organic moiety between the nanocrystals, which thereby provides both shape control and alignment of the inorganic crystals. The solvent also plays a central role during the anatase formation itself; hence, it enacts control on the forming materials on a multitude of levels.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Carbamates of Polyamines – Versatile Building Blocks for the Construction of Polynuclear Metal Complexes
Authors: Neis Christian , Weyhermüller Thomas , Bill Eckhard , Stucky Stefan , Hegetschweiler Kaspar 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA new concept for the design of polynuclear metal complexes is described: Partial aeration of a polyamine solution with CO2 generates a system where both, a chelating agent (the unreacted polyamine) and a bridging agent (the polycarbamate) are present. Together with a metal cation, these components constitute an ideal set of building blocks for the construction of extended molecular architectures. These considerations are exemplified in the reaction of the well‐known triamine 6‐methyl‐1,4‐diazepan‐6‐amine (L) with FeII under aerobic conditions. After partial conversion of L into its dicarbamate derivative H–2L(CO2)22–, the components spontaneously assemble to the tetranuclear complex [(μ‐O)2(FeIIIL)4{μ‐H–2L(CO2)2}2]4+ (14+). 1(ClO4)4 was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2H‐Azirine‐2‐carboxylates via 3‐Azido‐4‐oxobut‐2‐enoates
Authors: Patonay Tamás , Jekő József , Juhász‐Tóth Éva 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPhenacyl azides have been transformed into ethyl 4‐aryl‐3‐azido‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxobut‐2‐enoates by base‐induced coupling of the starting α‐azido ketone with ethyl pyruvate followed by elimination of methanesulfonic acid from the mesylate generated in situ from the labile aldol‐type intermediates ethyl 4‐aryl‐3‐azido‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxobutanoates. Thermolysis of ethyl 4‐aryl‐3‐azido‐2‐methyl‐4‐oxobut‐2‐enoates resulted in the formation of the hitherto unknown 3‐aroyl‐2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐methyl‐2H‐azirines.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Application of Some Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in the Development of Biosensors at Carbon Film Electrodes
Authors: Pauliukaite Rasa , Doherty Andrew P. , Murnaghan Kevin D. , Brett Christopher M. A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTwo room temperature ionic liquids, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bistriflimide and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium nitrate, were employed for enzyme immobilization in a new sol‐gel matrix and, for the first time, were successfully applied as electrolyte carriers in a biosensing system. The new sol‐gel matrix, based on 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bistriflimide mixtures, did not crack even after several weeks when kept dry, and exhibited similar analytical properties to aqueous sol‐gel based glucose biosensors. The linear range was up to 1.1 mM of glucose, sensitivity was 62 nA mM−1 and the limit of detection was 28.8 μM. The optimum ionic liquid electrolyte carrier was found to be 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium nitrate, where the biosensor was made by electrodeposition of the redox mediator, poly(neutral red), and the enzyme was immobilized by cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde. The results showed that application of room temperature ionic liquids to biosensors is very promising and can be further exploited.
A Renewable Potentiometric Immunosensor Based on Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Immobilized Anti‐IgG
Authors: Li Jianping , Gao Huiling 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA renewable potentiometric immunosensor for detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been developed by magnetic force attraction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles immobilized goat‐anti‐human IgG antibody. For preparing sensitive film of the sensor, cysteine was bonded on the nano‐Fe3O4 particles surface. The cysteine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles was attracted on a solid paraffin carbon paste electrode surface to covalently immobilize of anti‐immunoglobulin G (anti‐IgG) by employing a conventional glutaraldehyde‐crosslinking method. The immunosensor showed a specific response to human immunoglobulin G in the range of 0.1–1.2 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.023 ng/mL. The immunosensor based on the magnetic nanoparticles was made easily by this method. It can be used expediently, renewed easily and low‐cost relatively. The renewable potentiometric immunosensor with better stability and higher sensitivity can be employed extensively in clinical diagnosis, monitoring of disease and environmental studies and etc.
Identification of deletion and duplication genotypes of thePMP22gene using PCR‐RFLP, competitive multiplex PCR, and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification: A comparison
Authors: Hung Chia‐Cheng , Lee Chien‐Nan , Lin Chia‐Yun , Cheng Wen‐Fang , Chen Chi‐An , Hsieh Sung‐Tsang , Yang Chih‐Chao , Jong Yuh‐Jyh , Su Yi‐Ning , Lin Win‐Li 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of PCR‐RFLP, competitive multiplex PCR, and a commercially available system of multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for the determination of deletion and duplication genotypes of thePMP22gene. We compared the methods for efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity. We determined the gene dosage of thePMP22geneviaPCR‐RFLP, competitive multiplex PCR, and MLPA. To demonstrate the sensitivity and accuracy of these three methods, a total of 185 samples from 42 patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), 57 patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A), and 86 unaffected individuals, were analyzed. Molecular diagnosis by PCR‐RFLP was performed on all 185 samples; 24 HNPP deletions and 33 CMT1A duplications were identified. In contrast, 25 HNPP deletions and 38 CMT1A duplications were identified correctly using competitive multiplex PCR and MLPA. Six samples were incorrectly identified by PCR‐RFLP (one HNPP deletion and five CMT1A duplications). Competitive multiplex PCR and MLPA demonstrated reliability and relative speed compared to PCR‐RFLP; they were superior to PCR‐RFLP for gene dosage quantification. Multiplex PCR and MLPA should be the methods of choice for detection of deletion and duplication genotypes in molecular genetic diagnoses.
An ellipsoidal mirror for detection of laser‐induced fluorescence in capillary electrophoresis system: Applications for labelled antibody analysis
Authors: Rodat Audrey , Kalck Fabien , Poinsot Véréna , Feurer Bernard , Couderc François 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn LIF detector was integrated into a CE system which uses a ball lens to focus the laser beam on the CE capillary. The detector employs an ellipsoid that is glued on the capillary window, to permit the collection of the fluorescence in the capillary. This ‘trapped’ fluorescence stays in the capillary because the angle of the silica/air interface is greater than the critical angle. The performance of this new detector setup is found to be identical to the collinear setup using the same ball lens. An application to the analysis of FITC‐labeled IgG was optimized using a 14 cm effective length capillary. The LOD of an FITC‐labeled IgG2 at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm was 150 pg/mL, which was 10 times better than the LOD recorded with slab gel silver staining. Using a tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)‐labeled IgG2 and a 532 nm excitation wavelength the LOD is 50 pg/mL. The electropherograms of four different commercial FITC conjugates of IgG were studied. The presence of aggregates was observed in two samples while close kinetics of reduction was observed between free aggregates and high aggregates concentration samples. The integrated LIF detector provides an extremely powerful and convenient tool for antibody analysis and should be useful for therapeutic MAb control in pharmaceutical facilities.
Removal of high‐abundance proteins for nuclear subproteome studies in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm
Authors: Li Guosheng , Nallamilli Babi Ramesh Reddy , Tan Feng , Peng Zhaohua 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEndosperm is a highly specialized storage organ with three sets of genomes. It is one of the most economically important organs in plants. Endosperm development involves parental imprinting and endoreduplication. A thorough study of the endosperm proteome, particularly the nuclear proteome, may provide critical insight into the regulation of seed development. Unfortunately, endosperm is extremely rich in starch grains and protein bodies of different sizes, making proteome studies on nonstorage proteins, particularly the low‐abundance proteins, very challenging. Here we have developed a chromatographic method to remove large starch grains and an electrophoresis method to recover low‐abundance proteins, respectively. Using these methods, we have identified 468 proteins from the nuclear enriched fraction of rice endosperm, including transcription factors, histone modification proteins, kinetochore proteins, centromere/microtubule binding proteins, and transposon proteins. Among the 468 proteins, 208 (44%) are hypothetical proteins, indicating that the endosperm proteome is poorly explored. In addition, analyses of the MS/MS data using BioWorks 3.1 have identified 59 putative acetylated proteins and 40 putative methylated proteins. Our studies have developed a method to remove starch grains and recover low‐abundance proteins, respectively. The methods should be applicable to other organisms.
Determination of stability constants of valinomycin complexes with ammonium and alkali metal ions by capillary affinity electrophoresis
Authors: Ehala Sille , Kašička Václav , Makrlík Emanuel 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCapillary affinity electrophoresis (CAE) has been employed to investigate quantitatively the interactions of valinomycin, macrocyclic depsipeptide antibiotic ionophore, with univalent cations, ammonium and alkali metal ions, K+, Cs+, Na+, and Li+, in methanol. The study involved measuring the change in effective electrophoretic mobility of valinomycin while the cation concentrations in the BGE were increased. The corresponding apparent stability (binding) constants of the valinomycin–univalent cation complexes were obtained from the dependence of valinomycin effective mobility on the cation concentration in BGE using a nonlinear regression analysis. The calculated apparent stability constants of the above‐mentioned complexes show the substantially higher selectivity of valinomycin for K+ and Cs+ ions over Li+, Na+, and NH4+ ions. CAE proved to be a suitable method for the investigation of both weak and strong interactions of valinomycin with small ions.
Least‐squares finite element processes in h, p, k mathematical and computational framework for a non‐linear conservation law
Authors: Surana K. S. , Allu S. , Reddy J. N. , Tenpas P. W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper considers numerical simulation of time‐dependent non‐linear partial differential equation resulting from a single non‐linear conservation law in h, p, k mathematical and computational framework in which k=(k1, k2) are the orders of the approximation spaces in space and time yielding global differentiability of orders (k1−1) and (k2−1) in space and time (hence k‐version of finite element method) using space–time marching process. Time‐dependent viscous Burgers equation is used as a specific model problem that has physical mechanism for viscous dissipation and its theoretical solutions are analytic. The inviscid form, on the other hand, assumes zero viscosity and as a consequence its solutions are non‐analytic as well as non‐unique (Russ. Math. Surv. 1962; 17(3):145–146; Russ. Math. Surv. 1960; 15(6):53–111). In references (Russ. Math. Surv. 1962; 17(3):145–146; Russ. Math. Surv. 1960; 15(6):53–111) authors demonstrated that the solutions of inviscid Burgers equations can only be approached within a limiting process in which viscosity approaches zero. Many approaches based on artificial viscosity have been published to accomplish this including more recent work on H(Div) least‐squares approach (Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 1965; 18:697–715) in which artificial viscosity is a function of spatial discretization, which diminishes with progressively refined discretizations. The thrust of the present work is to point out that: (1) viscous form of the Burgers equation already has the essential mechanism of viscosity (which is physical), (2) with progressively increasing Reynolds (Re) number (thereby progressively reduced viscosity) the solutions approach that of the inviscid form, (3) it is possible to compute numerical solutions for any Re number (finite) within hpk framework and space–time least‐squares processes, (4) the space–time residual functional converges monotonically and that it is possible to achieve the desired accuracy, (5) space–time, time marching processes utilizing a single space–time strip are computationally efficient. It is shown that viscous form of the Burgers equation without linearizing provides a physical and viablemechanism for approaching the solutions of inviscid form with progressively increasing Re. Numerical studies are presented and the computed solutions are compared with published work. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Buoyancy‐corrected k–ε models and large eddy simulation applied to a large axisymmetric helium plume
Authors: Chung W. , Devaud C. B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe present numerical study is focused on testing two different modeling approaches to simulate a large turbulent buoyant helium plume, in particular the near‐field region. First, buoyancy‐corrected k–ε models are applied in Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) calculations, then large eddy simulation (LES) using a standard Smagorinsky model is examined. Good results are produced using the buoyancy‐corrected models, in particular, excellent agreement is achieved for the radial profiles of the streamwise velocity. However, the predictions are very sensitive to the choice of the buoyancy constant, C3ε, in the models. The present LES calculations show that the puffing frequency is accurately predicted. Predictions for the time‐averaged velocities are within experimental uncertainty at all locations. The predicted plume concentrations are in good agreement at the base of the plume, but the centerline values are overpredicted farther downstream. The higher‐order statistics are best predicted with the finest mesh. A sensitivity analysis on grid refinement, values of the Smagorinsky constant and the Schmidt number are included. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detailed comparisons of front‐capturing methods for turbulent two‐phase flow simulations
Authors: Trontin Pierre , Vincent Stephane , Estivalezes Jean‐Luc , Caltagirone Jean‐Paul 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the framework of numerical study of multiphase flows, different front‐capturing methods are compared. Two different approaches dealing with the incompressibility constraint will be compared, too. Then, every technique is tested on several relevant test cases in order to make a comparison. The surface tension treatment is evaluated for each method and every front‐capturing method is tested on a case where interface deformations have something in common with turbulent behaviour. Finally, every method is studied through a phase inversion problem, which is an unsteady test case. Front‐capturing methods are tested on physical cases where Navier–Stokes and advection equations are coupled in a non‐linear way. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accuracy of semiGLS stabilization of FEM for solving Navier–Stokes equations and a posteriori error estimates
Authors: Burda P. , Novotný J. , Šístek J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractStabilization of the finite element method for flow problems at high Reynolds numbers is the main subject of presented research. The semiGLS method is recalled as a modification of the Galerkin least‐squares method. The presented work extends our previous paper on this method by its other important aspects. The main aim of this paper is to analyse and comment on the accuracy of the method. A posteriori error estimates for incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are used as the main tool for error analysis and some conclusions concerning accuracy are derived. Several numerical experiments are presented for both benchmark and practical problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.