bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating dna in polyarteritis nodosa and related syndromes
Authors: Steinman Charles R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were previously reported to have a high prevalence of circulating DNA in association with systemic vasculitis. The present study was designed to determine whether circulating DNA also characterizes forms of systemic arterial inflammation other than those associated with SLE. A specific counterimmunoelectrophoresis assay capable of detecting 20–50 ng/ml of doublestranded DNA (dsDNA) in plasma was used. Of a total of 16 patients studied, 15 (94%) had circulating DNA. Similarly, 89% of the 47 plasmas from vasculitis patients contained DNA. In each of the 3 control groups, which consisted of normal individuals, patients with nonvasculitic systemic inflammation, and patients receiving high dose corticosteroid and/or cytostatic agents, no more than 8% had plasma DNA. This difference was significant with P < 0.001. Relevance of this observation to etiologic, pathogenetic, and clinical considerations in the systemic arteritides is discussed. It is suggested that clinical detection of circulating plasma DNA may be useful for the diagnosis and management of systemic polyarteritis nodosa and related syndromes.
Effects of gold compounds on the function of phagocytic cells
Authors: Davis Paul , Johnston Carol , Miller Cindy L. , Wong Ken 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of sodium aurothiomalate and triethyl‐phosphine gold on the generation of superoxide radicals by chemotactic tripeptide‐activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes has been investigated using a cytochrome C reduction technique. Neither gold compound inhibited the binding of the tripeptide to cells. Sodium aurothiomalate in concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 μg/ml produced mild, nonsignificant inhibition of the generation of superoxide radicals. In contrast, triethylphosphine gold at a concentration of 0.25 μg/ml was associated with a mild enhancement of superoxide radical production, but the enhancement was not statistically significant. At concentrations of 1.25 μg/ml and above, there was a profound inhibition of superoxide radical production by these activated cells. Since the products of the respiratory burst, including superoxide, are thought to be inflammatory mediators, it is postulated that the inhibition of superoxide radical generation by gold compounds may be another mechanism by which the compounds modulate their antiinflammatory effects in patients with rheumatoid disease.
Diet therapy for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Panush Richard S. , Carter Randy L. , Katz Paul , Kowsari Badri , Longley Selden , Finnie Sheryl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough diet therapy for arthritis has received considerable publicity, there is little objective information about its efficacy. We undertook a 10‐week, controlled, double‐blind, randomized trial of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Twenty‐six patients completed the study; 11 were on an experimental diet (a specific popular diet free of additives, preservatives, fruit, red meat, herbs, and dairy products) and 15 were on a ‘placebo’ diet. Of 183 variables analyzed, there were no clinically important differences among rheumatologic, laboratory, immunologic, radiologic, or nutritional findings between patients on experimental and placebo diets. Six RA patients on the placebo and 5 on the experimental diet improved by objective criteria. Improvement averaged 29% for patients on placebo and 32% for patients on experimental diets. Two patients on the experimental diet improved notably, elected to remain on the experimental diet following the study period, have continued to improve, and noted exacerbations of disease upon consuming nonexperimental diet foods. Our study failed to provide evidence of objective overaii clinical benefit of this diet as followed by a group of patients with longstanding, progressive, active RA. However, our data are not inconsistent with the possibility that individualized dietary manipulations might be beneficial for selected patients with rheumatic disease.
Fibrin and fibronectin in rheumatoid synovial membrane and rheumatoid synovial fluid
Authors: Clemmensen Inge , Hølund BERIT , Andersen Rasmus Bach 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal synovial membranes and synovial membranes from patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis were investigated for the presence of fibrin and fibronectin by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. In normal synovial membranes, fibronectin was found around the monolayer of the synovial lining cells. Staining was most intense on the surface and beneath the lining cells, but not detectable in the cytoplasm. Fibronectin was also found in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells. No staining for fibrin was found in the normal synovial membrane. In synovial membranes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, large amounts of fibronectin were found around the multilayer of synovial lining cells, in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells, and in argyrophilic fiber‐rich connective tissue. In superficial areas denuded of synovial lining cells, high amounts of fibronectin were found incorporated in fibrin. In some areas with noninjured synovial lining cells, fibrin was also found, but in this case no fibronectin was incorporated. No fibronectin was found in connective tissue in areas with infiltration of inflammatory cells. After treatment of normal and rheumatoid synovial membranes with hyaluronidase, fibronectin was still present around the lining cells but the staining was found to be more distinct. This study relates the presence of fibrin and fibronectin in the rheumatoid synovial membrane to the high amount of these proteins, recently described, in rheumatoid synovial fluid. It also suggests that fibronectin present in the synovial membrane is produced and secreted by the endothelial cells.
Reactivity of serum antibodies to the keratin layer of rat esophagus in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Quismorio Francisco P. , Kaufman Ronald L. , Beardmore Thomas , Mongan Edward S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum antibodies reactive with the keratin layer of rat esophagus (AKA) were found in 46 of 80 (57.5%) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In contrast, AKA were present in only 7 of 82 (9.5%) patients with other types of rheumatic disorders and in 2 of 47 (4.2%) healthy subjects. AKA were not specific for RA, however, because in the former group, AKA were present in 4 of 20 (20%) systemic sclerosis patients and in 3 of 12 (25%) ankylosing spondylitis patients. AKA belong predominantly to the IgG class and are complement fixing. Although found in some RA joint fluids, AKA were not selectively concentrated in the joint fluid. Absorption of RA serum with type I human collagen or with human epidermal keratin did not remove AKA activity. The frequency of AKA in RA patients both negative and positive for DR4 was equal. There was no relationship between the frequency of AKA and the occurrence of other serum autoantibodies such as antibodies to intermediate filaments, smooth muscle, and nuclear antigens. Serum antibody reactive with human stratum corneum found in patients with psoriatic arthritis was shown to be different from AKA. Rabbit antiserum to human keratin did not inhibit the reaction of AKA against the keratin layer of rat esophagus. Autoimmunity to structural proteins including collagen, vimentin intermediate filaments, smooth muscle antigens, and keratin is a characteristic feature of RA.
Low‐Dose D‐Penicillamine Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Williams H. James , Ward John R. , Reading James C. , Egger Marlene J. , Grandone John T. , Samuelson Cecil O. , Furst Daniel E. , Sullivan James M. , Watson Margaret A. , Guttadauria Maria , Cathcart Edgar S. , Kaplan Stanley B. , Halla James T. , Weinstein Arthur , Plotz Paul H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo hundred twenty‐five patients with active severe rheumatoid arthritis were admitted to a multiclinic, controlled, double‐blind trial comparing the use of 500 mg D‐penicillamine per day, 125 mg D‐penicillamine per day, and placebo. One hundred seventy‐one patients completed at least 30 weeks of therapy. The 500 mg D‐penicillamine group demonstrated statistically significant improvement over the placebo group in grip strength, average circumference of swollen proximal interphalangeal joints, and patient assessment. While the trend was for greater improvement with the larger dose of D‐penicillamine, there was no statistically significant difference among the 3 groups in duration of morning stiffness, walking time, physician's assessment, number of swollen joints, or scores for tender and swollen joints. The slight increase in efficacy of higher dose D‐penicillamine was associated with increased toxicity.
A Search for Rheumatoid Arthritis‐Associated Nuclear Antigen And Epstein‐Barr Virus Specific Antigens or Genomes in Tissues and Cells from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Alspaugh Margaret A. , Shoji Hiromu , Nonoyama Meihan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPannus extracts and/or cells and tissues from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls were tested for the presence of RA‐associated nuclear antigen (RANA), anti‐RANA, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific antigens, and EBV genomes. Using our present rather insensitive methods, RANA was rarely detected in RA pannus extracts or tissues, whereas anti‐RANA was commonly found. EBV‐specific antigens or genomes could not be detected in a limited number of tissues tested using our present methods. The data suggest that EBV may not be the primary event causing RA through direct infection and transformation of synovial tissues.
Plasma Protein Binding by Monosodium Urate Crystals
Authors: Terkeltaub Robert , Tenner Andrea J. , Kozin Franklin , Ginsberg Mark H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing 2‐dimensional O'Farrell gel electrophoresis, we have mapped the proteins from undiluted plasma and serum which bind to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. More than 30 crystal‐associated polypeptides were visualized, including anionic and cationic species. Proteins increased on the crystals relative to plasma included C1q, C1r, C1s, fibronectin, fibrinogen, and kininogen. Crystal‐bound polypeptides derived from IgG, albumin, and transferrin were recovered in decreased amounts relative to plasma. Direct evidence for activation of the complement and coagulation systems in plasma was provided by the identification of crystal‐associated activation fragments of C1 and kininogen. Plasmas deficient in selected proteins (e.g., C1q and IgG) were used to define the role of these proteins in such activation events and confirmed activation of C1 in immunoglobulin‐deficient plasma by MSU crystals. In summary, we have described a high resolution, semi‐quantitative approach to analyze protein binding to crystals, have documented the complexity of crystal‐plasma protein interaction, and have provided direct evidence for the binding of coagulation system proteins and binding and activation of complement by MSU crystals, in whole plasma and IgG‐deficient plasma.
Antibodies to SM and RNP
Authors: Munves Ellen Field , Schur Peter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe charts of 150 consecutive patients found to have antibodies to Sm, ribonucleoprotein (RNP), or both were examined to determine these antibodies' possible associations with certain clinical conditions as well as their diagnostic specificities. Patients with anti‐Sm were more likely to have renal disease and antibodies to double‐stranded DNA, single‐stranded DNA, and nuclear protein than were patients with anti‐RNP. No clinical associations were found for anti‐RNP. Although most of the patients with antibodies to Sm, RNP, or both had systemic lupus erythematosus, some had other diagnoses, including cutaneous lupus, drug‐induced lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease, Raynaud's disease, progressive systemic sclerosis, miscellaneous rheumatic and non‐rheumatic diseases, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease syndromes. These findings suggest that these antibodies may be associated with some diseases, but are not disease‐specific.
Penetration and effect of topically applied dimethylsulfoxide or indomethacin on adjuvant arthritis in the rat
Authors: Francis Marion D. , Horn Patricia A. , Mccreary Lionel D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study, using 14C‐DMSO, established the systemic and local load and distribution of topically applied DMSO in adjuvant arthritic rats. Under equivalent conditions, the antiinflammatory effects (systemic and local) of topical DMSO treatments were compared with a topical treatment of a control vehicle or of indomethacin, a known effective antiinflammatory agent. No significant systemic or local antiinflammatory effect of topical DMSO was seen in the adjuvant arthritic rats. Indomethacin, applied topically, had a significant systemic antiinflammatory effect; however, no significant local antiinflammatory effect of indomethacin was observed.
Characterization of latent and active forms of cartilage proteinases produced by normal immature rabbit articular cartilage in tissue culture
Authors: Cartwright Elizabeth C. , Campbell Ian K. , Britz Margaret L. , Sandy John D. , Lowther Dennis A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCultured tissue slices from normal immature rabbit articular cartilage released latent neutral metal‐loproteinases into serum‐free medium. On activation with 4‐aminophenylmercuric acetate, these metalloproteinases could degrade collagen, proteoglycan, and gelatin. Also produced were an acid proteinase with the properties of cathepsin D and an inhibitor of the neutral metalloproteinases. The appearance of both the proteinases and the inhibitor in the culture medium could be prevented by incubation of cultures with cycloheximide. The active and latent forms of the proteinases were characterized using Ultrogel AcA 54 chromatography.
HLA‐B27 haplotypes in family studies of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Lochead John A. , Chalmers Ian M. , Marshall William H. , Larsen Bodil , Skanes Verna M. , Payne Ronald H. , Barnard John M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough HLA‐B27 carries a high relative risk for development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), most B27 positive individuals do not have spondylitis. One interpretation of this observation is that there may be 2 types of B27, 1 which carries the risk factor and 1 which does not. If this were the case, then with the help of markers closely linked to HLA‐B, it might be possible to detect differences between the B27 haplotypes in AS patients and those in healthy probands. We studied 197 members of 18 families with known AS and 110 members of 19 families in which HLA‐B27 was present without any known inflammatory spinal disease. HLA antigens A, B, and C and alleles of complement components C2, C4, and Factor B and glyoxalase‐1 were determined in all cases. Detailed haplotypes were assigned and their associations with development of the disease were examined. We were unable to identify any distinct HLA‐B27 haplotype associated with AS; 2 common haplotypes and several miscellaneous ones were found in both groups. Thinking that the development of AS might be influenced by the other, non‐B27 haplotype, we analyzed this and found that there was no detectable influence. The data do not contradict the notion that B27 in whites is a single entity and is itself the susceptibility factor predisposing to the development of ankylosing spondylitis.
The epidemiology of juvenile arthritis in rochester, minnesota 1960–1979
Authors: Towner Ba Steven R. , , Michet Clement J. , M. O'Fallon William , Nelson Audrey M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 20–year community‐based study of the epidemiology of juvenile arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota from January 1, 1960 to January 1, 1980 is described. Cases were identified using the 1977 revised American Rheumatism Association criteria for juvenile arthritis. Higher incidence and prevalence rates and a greater predominance of pauciarticular disease were observed than previously reported. Lower rates were observed when a minimum of 3 months' disease duration was used to identify incidence.
Crystal populations in human synovial fluid. Identification of Apatite, Octacalcium Phosphate, and Tricalcium Phosphate
Authors: Mccarty Daniel J. , Lehr James R. , Halverson Paul B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDefatted joint fluid pellets from 4 patients with the “Milwaukee shoulder” syndrome, an aspirate of milky fluid from subcutaneous tissue of a girl with dermatomyositis/calcinosis, and 2 rabbit synovial membranes calcified by calciphylaxis were studied by Fourier transform infrared analysis. This method permits sequential electronic subtraction (“stripping”) of known patterns of highly characterized reference compounds from an unknown sample pattern. Collagen and hydroxyapatite, with carbonate partially (1–3%) substituted for phosphate, and to a lesser extent hydroxyl, were found in all samples. Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) was found in all samples except that from a patient with synovial chondromatosis which contained tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Sulfate was found in 2 of the shoulder joint fluid specimens. An unidentified organic phase was present in all samples. This study confirms recent observations by others that pathologic calcifications contain several mineral phases. These data raise the possibility that hydroxyapatite nucleation may be controlled by hydrolytic alteration of precursor calcium phosphate phases such as OCP or TCP. Studies of the biologic effects of synthetic calcium phosphate crystals must take into account the existence of several crystalline phases in natural pathologic calcifications.
Aspirin causes in vivo synthesis of type i collagen by atrophic articular cartilage
Authors: Gay Renate E. , Palmoski Marshall J. , Brandt Kenneth D. , Gay Steffen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that aspirin, when fed to dogs daily for 6 weeks in amounts sufficient to maintain serum levels at 20–25 mg/dl, worsens the degeneration of knee cartilage caused by immobilization of the limb in a cast. Thus, there is a greater decrease in proteoglycan content and synthesis and an increase in proteoglycan extractability in cartilage from immobilized limbs of dogs fed aspirin, compared with dogs not fed aspirin. The present study was designed to examine whether phenotypic changes in cartilage collagen also occur under these conditions. Cartilage samples from the immobilized and contralateral control limbs of 3 dogs killed after 6 weeks of casting showed no reaction with specific fluorescein‐labeled rabbit antibody to human type I collagen. However, if dogs were fed aspirin during the casting period, cartilage from immobilized limbs showed marked staining of the chondrocytes with antibody to type I collagen and weak fluorescence of the interterritorial matrix. In 4 dogs the cast was removed after 6 weeks: 2 were allowed to ambulate in a pen for 3 weeks and 2 were subjected to treadmill running for 3 weeks after cast removal. The animals were maintained on aspirin for the entire 9 weeks. In all 4 dogs, cartilage from the previously immobilized limbs showed marked fluorescence for type I collagen. Cartilage from the non‐immobilized knees, regardless of whether the dog received aspirin, did not react with the antibody, showing that the presence of type I collagen was not due to aspirin feeding alone.
Type ii collagen‐induced arthritis. A Morphologic and Biochemical Study of Articular Cartilage
Authors: Desimone Daniel P. , Parsons Diane B. , Johnson Kurt E. , Jacobs Robert P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArticular cartilage was obtained from type II collagen‐induced arthritic rat joints. Transmission electron microscopy showed a gradual degeneration of chondrocytes, disorganization of the collagenous extracellular matrix, and formation of microscars. Biochemical analyses indicated that type II collagen was the only collagen present and that it was normal in regard to hydroxylation of lysine and glycosylation of hydroxylysine. Analyses of the proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix revealed a 50% loss of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate.
Probable depiction of juvenile arthritis by sandro botticelli
Authors: Alarcön‐Segovia Donato , Laffön Armando , Alcocer‐Varela Jorge 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is a question whether rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of recent or ancient onset since it was only first described in 1800. In support of its earlier appearance are depictions of rheumatoid hands in Flemish paintings of the fifteenth through eighteenth centuries. The first description of juvenile arthritis is attributed to Cornil in 1864, making the question of its antiquity also pertinent. We show here that the “Portrait of a Youth,” painted in 1483 by the Florentine artist Sandro Botticelli, has features of rheumatoid arthritis in the hand of the subject, who would be young enough to be considered as having juvenile arthritis. A review of all of Botticelli's paintings revealed that these changes could not be attributed to stylistic traits. Neither could they be attributed to lack of technique, for he has been considered a superb artist. If the “Portrait of a Youth” does indeed represent juvenile arthritis, it would mean that this disease is older than its initial description would indicate.
Phenotypic characterization of cells within subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
Authors: Hedfors Eva , Klareskog Lars , Lindblad Staffan , Forsum Urban , Lindahl Göran 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immunohistochemical double‐staining technique was applied to frozen sections of biopsies from subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules. Material within the central necrosis reacted with anti‐immunoglobulin and anti‐HLA‐DR antibodies. Cells within the palisading layer were “macrophage‐like,” as indicated by staining for anti‐HLA‐DR and OKM1, and showed a high proliferative activity as seen by OKT9 reactivity. The granulation zone contained many (αLeu‐1+) T cells in close contact with HLA‐DR‐expressing non‐T cells.
Changes in vascular endothelium related to lymphocyte collections in diseased synovia
Authors: Freemont Anthony J. , Jones Carolyn J. P. , Bromley Michael , Andrews Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA population of small blood vessels are described in the synovia of patients with a number of different arthropathies. These vessels are identical to the high endothelial venules (HEV) of lymph node paracortex, known to be the site of lymphocyte diapedesis from blood to tissues. The significance of this finding and its possible role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritides are discussed.
The pathogenesis of group a streptococcal cell wall‐induced polyarthritis in the rat comparative studies in arthritis resistant and susceptible inbred rat strains
Authors: Wilder Ronald L. , Allen Janice B. , Wahl Larry M. , Calandra Gary B. , Wahl Sharon M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report addresses the host mechanisms which regulate susceptibility and resistance to group A streptococcal cell wall‐induced polyarthritis in the rat. We have compared cell wall tissue distribution and persistence following a single intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous suspension of the cell walls into arthritis susceptible LEW/N and resistant F344/N female rats. Selected aspects of the induced inflammatory reaction were also compared. Our results suggest that development of chronic erosive polyarthritis in this model is dependent, in variable degrees, upon 1) deposition and persistence of the cell walls in synovial tissues, and 2) a relative inability of arthritis susceptible rats to neutralize the proinflammatory properties of the cell walls.