bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologic and diagnostic considerations of strychnine poisoning in the dog
Authors: Blakley Barry R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Records pertaining to 261 cases of canine strychnine poisoning during a 15-year period (1968 to 1982) were retrieved from the toxicology laboratory files at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine. Strychnine poisoning occurred more often in younger dogs, with 61% of the cases being in animals <2 years old. Large breeds of dogs and male dogs were affected more often. The German Shepherd Dog was the most common breed of dog affected (14.6%). Numbers of cases were similar for urban and rural districts. About 15% to 20% of the cases were recorded as multiple occurrences of strychnine poisoning.
Chemical analysis of tissues and ingesta containing strychnine indicated that the highest concentrations were in stomach contents, 229.0 ± 21.1 μg/g, followed by the liver, 18.1 ± 3.2 μg/g and the kidney, 14.6 ± 1.0 μg/g.
Two-dimensional, gray-scale ultrasonography for assessment of hepatic and splenic neoplasia in the dog and cat
Authors: Feeney D. A. , Johnston G. R. , Hardy R. M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
An analysis was made of 17 cases of microscopically proven hepatic and splenic neoplasms, with the objective of describing the ultrasonographic findings and determining how interpretation of these findings contributed to the diagnosis and prognosis of these cases. The ultrasonographic appearance of these tumors ranged from focal, large (6 to 20 cm diameter) mixed hyperechoic/hypoechoic masses to multifocal (0.5 to 2.0 cm diameter) hypoechoic masses. The ultrasonographic appearance was not specific for the microscopic cell-type of the neoplasm. When the combined clinical, hematologic, serum chemical, and ultrasonographic findings were interpreted, neoplasia was always the primary consideration, but microscopic confirmation was mandatory.
The uses of ultrasonography in these cases were: (1) to characterize the internal architecture of a mass identified radiographically, (2) to confirm the organ of origin of the mass, (3) to define the extent of disease in or around an affected organ, (4) to evaluate palpable abdominal mass(es) in the presence of poor abdominal radiographic contrast, and (5) to identify previously undetected or unsuspected metastases. Three interpretive errors were found, but only one would have influenced the prognosis for that specific patient.
Radiotherapy of brain tumors in dogs
Authors: Turrel Jane Μ. , Fike John R. , LeCouteur Richard A. , Pflugfelder Christina Μ. , Borcich Janice K. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Brain tumors in 4 dogs were treated with external beam, megavoltage radiation. X-ray computed tomography was used to localize and characterize brain tumors and to assess treatment response. Total radiation doses were 3,000 or 3,600 rad, given in 5 or 6 fractions over 14 to 19 days. Complete tumor regression, as determined from computed tomography scans, improvement in clinical signs, and reduction in medication, were documented in all irradiated dogs. The median survival time for irradiated dogs was 322 days, which was significantly (P<0.05) longer than the median survival time of 56 days in 8 dogs with brain tumors treated symptomatically. The one-year survival rate for the irradiated dogs, after correcting for deaths from intercurrent disease, was 100%. It was concluded that canine brain tumors may be treated effectively by use of megavoltage radiation.
Isolation of mastitis pathogens from quarters of cows recently treated with antimicrobial agents
Authors: Stem E. S. , Barnes Frances D. , Olmsted Stephen , White Maurice E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Milk samples for aerobic culturing were collected from 72 quarters of cows with clinical mastitis that had been nonresponsive to antimicrobial intramammary treatment. All samples were collected within 24 hours of the most recent treatment. Mastitis pathogens were isolated from 56 samples (78%).
Blood culture of the canine patient
Authors: Hirsh Dwight C. , Jang Spencer S. , Biberstein Ernst L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Blood for bacteriologic culture was obtained from 581 sick dogs. Of these, 134 (23%) were considered to have bacteremia. The conditions most frequently associated with bacteremia were malignant neoplasms and infections of the skeletal, cardiovascular, and urogenital systems. The most frequently isolated bacteria were members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and coagulase-positive staphylococci, in sum accounting for more than 50% of the 150 isolates.
Most of the dogs with bacteremia had high proportions of immature neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, and monocytes in blood. Dogs with bacteremia and osteomyelitis due to staphylococci had normal hemograms. Blood from dogs with bacteremia due to gram-negative bacteria was more likely to have a high proportion of immature and segmented neutrophil leukocytes than was blood from dogs with bacteremia due to a gram-positive species. Toxic neutrophils were observed more often in blood obtained from patients with bacteremia due to gram-negative bacteria. The development of fever correlated with the bacteremic state regardless of the species of bacteria in the blood.
Intramural intestinal hematoma causing obstruction in three dogs
Authors: Moore Ronda , Carpenter James 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Intramural hematoma of the intestine caused intestinal obstruction in three dogs. Two dogs were examined because of vomiting and anorexia of several weeks' duration. In one of these, an intramural hematoma of the duodenum was associated with chronic pancreatitis. A cause was not found in the second dog. The third dog, which had clinical and radiographic evidence of gastric dilatation, was found at surgery to have hemoperitoneum associated with a ruptured intramural intestinal hematoma.
In 1 dog, the hematoma was evacuated through a serosal incision. In the other 2 dogs, the problem was resolved by resection of the involved segment of intestine, followed by anastomosis. All 3 dogs recovered without complications.
A sampling protocol for the thyrotropin-stimulation test in the horse
Authors: Held J. P. , Oliver J. W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A study was designed to assess the secretory response of thyroid glands in horses to an economically feasible dose (5 IU) of thyrotropin injected iv, and to establish valid blood sampling periods in cases in which thyroxine concentrations were different from base-line values. Significant (P<0.001) response (doubling or near-doubling of base line) occurred as early as 3 hours after thyrotropin administration, with peak response at 4 to 5 hours. It was concluded that administration of 5 IU of thyrotropin is economical and effective in the horse, with collection of a second blood sample possible as early as 3 hours after administration.
Evaluation of ammonium chloride as a urinary acidifier in the cat
Authors: Taton Glenda F. , Hamar Dwayne W. , Lewis Lon D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-four cats were fed a dry commercial cat food once daily for 2 weeks and then ad libitum for 2 weeks. Urine pH was measured 4 times daily the last 3 days of each feeding period. Subsequently, the cats were allotted to 2 equal groups and fed ad libitum an experimental, dry ration with or without 1.5% ammonium chloride for 11 months. During this period, urine pH was measured at 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks, then monthly through 29 weeks, and then every 6 weeks for the duration of the study.
When the cats were fed ad libitum, urine pH remained constant throughout the day, regardless of ration. In cats fed once daily, urine pH increased to 7.6 by 2 hours after feeding and remained between 6.6 and 7.6 for 9 hours. Urine pH remained constant throughout the study when cats were fed the experimental ration with or without 1.5% ammonium chloride, but was significantly different (P<0.01) between the 2 groups, 5.9 ± 0.3 (n = 1,035) and 7.0 ± 0.5 (n = 616), respectively. Ammonium chloride consumption had no effect on food and water consumption or body weight.
It was concluded that ammonium chloride was an effective urinary acidifier for a prolonged time, maintained urine pH below 6.6, and did not decrease food intake when given at a concentration of 1.5% of the diet.
Mandibular resection for removal of oral tumors in 30 dogs and 6 cats
Authors: Bradley R. L. , MacEwen E. G. , Loar A. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 30 dogs and 6 cats with oral tumors involving the mandible or soft tissues adjacent to the mandible, the tumors were removed by mandibular resection. The most common tumors in the dog were malignant melanoma (10 cases; 33%) and squamous cell carcinoma (8 cases; 27%). The most common tumor in the cat was the squamous cell carcinoma (5 cases; 83%). Thirteen dogs (43%) were evaluated as locally tumor-free at a median follow-up of 15.4 months. Local recurrence of tumor and/or metastasis was evident in another 10 dogs (33%). Four of the 6 tumors in the cat recurred within 8 months.
Radioactive iodine therapy in cats with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Turrel Jane M. , Feldman Edward C. , Hays Marguerite , Hornof William J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eleven cats with hyperthyroidism were treated with radioactive iodine (131I). Previous unsuccessful treatments for hyperthyroidism included hemithyroidectomy (2 cats) and an antithyroid drug (7 cats). Two cats had no prior treatment. Thyroid scans using technetium 99m, showed enlargement and increased radionuclide accumulation in 1 thyroid lobe in 5 cats and in both lobes in 6 cats. Serum thyroxine concentrations were high and ranged from 4.7 to 18 μg/dl.
Radioactive iodine tracer studies were used to determine peak radioactive iodine uptake (raiu) and effective and biological half-lives. Activity of 131I administered was calculated from peak raiu, effective half-life, and estimated thyroid gland weight. Activity of 131I administered ranged from 1.0 to 5.9 mCi. The treatment goal was to deliver 20,000 rad to hyperactive thyroid tissue. However, retrospective calculations based on peak raiu and effective half-life obtained during the treatment period showed that radiation doses actually ranged from 7,100 to 64,900 rad.
Complete ablation of the hyperfunctioning thyroid tissue and a return to euthyroidism were seen in 7 cats. Partial responses were seen in 2 cats, and 2 cats became hypothyroid. It was concluded that 131I ablation of thyroid tumors was a reasonable alternative in the treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats. The optimal method of dosimetry remains to be determined.
Nonclinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa mastitis in a dairy herd
Authors: Kirk John H. , Bartlett Paul C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Atypical Pseudomonas aeruginosa mastitis in a dairy herd was characterized by nonclinical mastitis that responded to antibiotic treatment, but only for the cows to become reinfected because of a persisting source of contamination in the milking parlor wash water. At least 36% of the cows were infected during a 37-month period. The source of infection was contaminated water, wash hoses, and spray nozzles in the parlor. After the source of infection was removed and long-term control measures were instituted, the nonclinical infections became less severe and shorter in duration and they occurred for a lesser percentage of the lactation period.
Radiographic diagnosis and surgical management of fragmented medial coronoid process in dogs
Authors: Henry W. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The diagnosis of fragmented (ununited) medial coronoid process was made in 21 dogs, with 10 dogs having bilateral lesions. Ten of these dogs were presented to surgery.
The diagnosis of fragmented medial coronoid process was made in young and middle-aged large- and giant-breed dogs with a history of intermittent or persistent lameness. Diagnosis was based on history as well as results of clinical examination and radiographic study of both elbows. Concomitant elbow lesions seen with fragmented medial coronoid processes were ununited anconeal process and osteochondritis dissecans of the medial humeral condyle. Avulsion of the medial epicondyle and posteromedial supracondylar ridge of the humerus were thought not to have occurred in these cases. Instead, dystrophic ossification of the synovial membrane and periosteal proliferation on the medial epicondyle and posteromedial supracondylar ridge had taken place. It was concluded that, with a questionable radiographic diagnosis of fragmented medial coronoid process, exploratory arthrotomy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Without surgery, the eventual outcome of fragmented coronoid process is degenerative joint disease. Even with degenerative joint disease, however, clinical improvement was seen following removal of the fragment of the medial coronoid process.
Propylthiouracil-associated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and antinuclear antibodies in cats with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Hurvitz Arthur I. , Leib Michael S. , Cavanagh Paul G. , Dutton Ronald E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nine of 105 cats with hyperthyroidism treated with propylthiouracil developed a serious immune-mediated drug reaction during treatment. Adverse clinical signs, which developed after 19 to 37 days (mean, 24.8 days) of propylthiouracil administration, included lethargy, weakness, anorexia, and bleeding diathesis. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, and petechial hemorrhages of the skin and oral cavity. Results of hematologic testing revealed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. The direct antiglobulin (Coombs') test was positive in all 7 cats evaluated, whereas the serum antinuclear antibody titer was ≥ 1:10 in 5 of the 8 cats tested. In 4 of the cats, treatment included appropriate supportive therapy and cessation of propylthiouracil; in these cats, anemia and thrombocytopenia resolved and Coombs' and antinuclear antibody tests became negative within 2 weeks.
Histologic classification as an indication of therapeutic response in malignant lymphoma of dogs
Authors: Gray Kenneth N. , Raulston Gilbert L. , Gleiser Chester A. , Jardine John H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In retrospective evaluation of treatment of canine malignant lymphoma, 12 of 13 dogs that had received doxorubicin alone or in combination with dacarbazine attained complete remission. Doxorubicin had been given alone, with combination chemotherapy being used only when complete remission could not be achieved and maintained with doxorubicin. The response to single or combined chemotherapy was correlated with histologic cell type of the malignant lymphoma. Histiocytic cell types did not respond to doxorubicin alone, but lymphoblastic types did respond. Combination chemotherapy was effective against histiocytic types. A mixed-cell type, which was initially responsive to doxorubicin alone, but not responsive after relapse, was observed to be histiocytic on rebiopsy.
Hypernatremia and adipsia in a dog
Authors: Crawford M. A. , Kittleson M. D. , Fink G. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Primary adipsia and defective osmoreceptor function were diagnosed in a 7-month-old female Miniature Schnauzer. Also, the dog was noted to be dehydrated and to have chronic hypernatremia. On multiple occasions the dog's urine osmolality:plasma osmolality was > 4. The dog had inappropriate responses to isoosmotic and hypertonic NaCl infusions. Chlorpropamide administration initiated water intake but the volume was insufficient to avoid hypernatremia. The chronic hypernatremia and dehydration were treated successfully by mixing the calculated maintenance fluid volume in canned food. At 25 months of age, the dog died several days after becoming dehydrated and severely hypernatremic. Astrogliosis and neuronal degeneration were noted in both the thalamic and hypothalamic regions, but were believed to be nonspecific degenerative lesions compatible with seizures and severe dehydration.
Orthovoltage radiotherapy of acanthomatous epulides in 39 dogs
Authors: Thrall Donald E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Acanthomatous epulides in 39 dogs were treated with orthovoltage x-rays. The acanthomatous epulis recurred in only 3 dogs, 2 of which were successfully retreated with x-rays. Malignant tumors other than acanthomatous epulis developed at the site of the irradiated acanthomatous epulis in 7 of the dogs. Five of the tumors were squamous cell carcinoma, one was a fibrosarcoma, and one was an osteosarcoma.
The range of survival times (1 to 102 months), mean survival time (38 months), median survival time (37 months), 1-year survival rate (85%), and 2-year survival rate (67%) were encouraging and suggested that the described treatment was satisfactory for acanthomatous epulides. Cause of death in most dogs was not related to the acanthomatous epulis.
Intestinal sclerosis with pseudo-obstruction in three dogs
Authors: Moore Ronda , Carpenter James 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intestinal sclerosis causing chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction was diagnosed in 3 dogs. The pseudo-obstruction was characterized by vomiting and weight loss of 2 weeks' to 3 months' duration. A patent intestinal lumen was determined by contrast radiography and verified at surgery. Intestinal biopsy revealed diffuse atrophy, fibrosis, and mononuclear cell infiltration of the tunica muscularis. Each dog was euthanatized because of a progressive, deteriorating clinical course.
Lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis in the cat
Authors: Nelson R. W. , Dimperio M. E. , Long G. G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Lymphocytic-plasmacytic colitis was diagnosed in 6 cats. Owners sought veterinary care because of semiformed-to-liquid feces, tenesmus, fresh blood and/or mucus in the feces, or increased frequency of defecation in their cats. Lymphocytic, plasmacytic infiltration in the colonic lamina propria was found on colon biopsies. Clinical signs resolved in all 6 cats after dietary management, utilizing lamb and rice, horsemeat, or a feline prescription diet. Clinical improvement also occurred in 1 cat following sulfasalazine therapy.
Esophageal anastomosis in two foals
Authors: Gideon Leonard 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Esophageal anastomosis was performed on 2 foals after resecting a midcervical stricture. Nasogastric tube alimentation and antibiotic therapy allowed these foals to recover, and they matured to useful performing horses. These cases demonstrated a feasible and successful surgical management regimen for the strictured esophagus.
Conjunctival fungal flora in horses, cattle, dogs, and cats
Authors: Samuelson D. A. , Andresen T. L. , Gwin R. M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Conjunctival swab specimens were obtained from both eyes of 43 horses, 25 cows, 50 dogs, and 25 cats without keratitis or other ophthalmologic problems. Fungi were isolated from 95% of the horses, 100% of the cows, 22% of the dogs, and 40% of the cats. Aspergillus spp were isolated from 56% of the horses, 12% of the cows, 8% of the cats, and none of the dogs. Penicillium spp and Cladosporium spp were isolated ubiquitously. Collectively, 28 species from 209 isolants were identified.
Lacerations of the equine eye: A review of 48 cases
Authors: Lavach J. D. , Severin G. A. , Roberts S. M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Perforating corneal wounds in horses have a better prognosis than wounds that involve both cornea and sclera. Sharp objects tend to produce more isolated corneal wounds and have a better prognosis than do wounds produced by blunt objects.
The records of 43 horses that sustained penetrating wounds of the cornea were reviewed. In addition, the surgical approach and postoperative wound management is described. The report attempts to provide more information regarding the management of ocular trauma in horses.
Treatment of canine blastomycosis with amphotericin B and ketoconazole
Authors: Legendre Alfred M. , Selcer B. A. , Edwards David F. , Stevens Reenee 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The treatment of 62 dogs with blastomycosis was reviewed to identify prognostic factors and response to various treatment regimens. Severity of lung involvement, as determined by radiography, and the number of nonsegmented neutrophils were useful prognostic factors. Females survived treatment better than did males, but females were more prone to relapse. Ketoconazole treatment at a dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 60 days was not as effective as amphotericin B. The most notable adverse effect of amphotericin B treatment was nephrotoxicosis. Treatment with amphotericin B followed by ketoconazole was as effective as amphotericin B alone and resulted in less nephrotoxicosis. Most dogs that had relapses were retreated effectively with amphotericin B and/or ketoconazole. Canine blastomycosis was shown to be a treatable disease, with a cure rate of approximately 75%.
Disseminated protothecosis causing acute blindness and deafness in a dog
Authors: Cook J. R. , Tyler D. E. , Coulter D. B. , Chandler F. W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A 3-year-old Collie bitch was euthanatized two weeks after the onset of blindness and deafness. The hearing deficit had been localized by clinical signs, brain stem auditory evoked responses, and impedance audiometry. Protothecosis was diagnosed by cytologic and histologic examinations. The organism was identified as Prototheca zopfii. Organisms and granulomatous lesions were found in kidney, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, thyroid gland, colon, bronchial lymph node, brain, and cochlea.
Epidemiologic and laboratory observations of Chlamydia psittaci infection in pet birds
Authors: Mohan Ram 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Psittacosis was diagnosed in 13 (24%) of 55 pet bird submissions in the first 3 months of 1983, compared with 18 (17%) of 103 in 1982, 4 (4.6%) of 87 in 1981, and 3 (8%) of 36 in 1980. The numbers and types of birds in which psittacosis was diagnosed were 2 of 47 budgerigars, 8 of 45 cockatiels, 3 of 11 small parrots (lovebirds, conures), 20 of 116 medium-sized parrots (African Grays, Amazons), 2 of 21 macaws, and 3 of 21 cockatoos. Thirty-nine percent of psittacosis-positive birds were received from pet bird owners, compared with 21% from pet shops, 18% from pet bird breeders and fanciers, and 13% from pet bird jobbers and retailers.
Most frequently observed clinical signs were anorexia, weight loss, and diarrhea or yellowish droppings. Major gross lesions were spleno-hepatomegaly (77%), followed by enteritis (53%), sinusitis (47%), airsacculitis (37%), pneumonitis (23%), and pericarditis (10%).
Regarding the 38 cases of confirmed psittacosis in pet birds since 1980, transmission of the disease to human beings was confirmed in 2 cases and suspected in 4 cases.
Blood pressures obtained by indirect measurement in conscious dogs
Authors: Coulter Dwight B. , Keith James C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Heart rate and arterial systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures were measured indirectly in apparently healthy dogs in clinical situations (eximination rooms, cages, or runs) and in 3 groups of abnormal dogs. An electronic automatic sphygmomanometer measured and analyzed arterial pulses (oscillometric method). Apparently healthy dogs had a mean ± sd heart rate of 134 ± 32 beats/min and systolic, mean, and diastolic pressures of 144 ± 27, 110 ± 21, and 91 ± 20 mm of Hg, respectively. The mean systolic pressure was significantly higher in hospitalized dogs than in nonhospitalized dogs. When compared with relaxed dogs, playful dogs had a higher mean heart rate. Apprehensive dogs had a higher mean diastolic pressure than did relaxed dogs. The mean heart rate and blood pressures of panting dogs were not significantly different from the mean values from relaxed dogs. Heavier (> 18 kg) and older (> 2 years) dogs had lower mean heart rates and higher pressures, compared with lighter (≤ 18 kg) and younger (≤ 2 years) dogs. Infection with Dirofilaria immitis had no effect on heart rate and lood pressures when compared with apparently healthy dogs. Dogs with renal failure had a significantly higher mean diastolic pressure and dogs with mitral regurgitation had a significantly lower mean diastolic pressure, compared with apparently healthy dogs.