bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Rotavirus Antigenemia and Extraintestinal Manifestations in Children With Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
Authors: Sugata Ken , Taniguchi Koki , Yui Akiko , Miyake Fumi , Suga Sadao , Asano Yoshizo , Ohashi Masahiro , Suzuki Kyoko , Nishimura Naoko , Ozaki Takao , Yoshikawa Tetsushi 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE. This study was conducted to examine the association between rotavirus antigenemia and clinical features, particularly extraintestinal manifestations, and the association between serum cytokine levels and rotavirus antigen quantity.
METHODS. Sixty hospitalized children who received a diagnosis of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis were enrolled in this study. Paired serum samples were collected from the 60 children when admitted to and discharged from the hospital. Associations among viral antigen levels and fever, elevated transaminase levels, and seizures were evaluated to determine whether antigenemia correlated with disease severity. Viral antigen was measured by using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detected VP6 antigen. A flow-cytometric bead array was used to measure serum cytokine levels.
RESULTS. Rotavirus antigen levels were significantly higher in serum collected at the time of hospital admission than at the time of discharge. Serum rotavirus antigen levels peaked on day 2 of the illness (2.02 ± 0.73), followed by a gradual decrease in antigen levels to nearly undetectable levels by day 6. The quantity of rotavirus antigen was significantly higher in serum collected from patients with fever than those without fever. The presence or absence of elevated transaminase levels and seizures was not associated with serum rotavirus antigen levels. A weak but significantly positive association was observed between interleukin 8 levels and antigenemia. A weak but significantly negative association was observed between interleukin 10 levels and antigenemia.
CONCLUSIONS. Rotavirus antigenemia is frequently observed in a patient's serum during the acute phase, and viral antigen levels change dramatically during the acute phase of the illness. Because patients with fever had higher rotavirus antigen levels, antigenemia severity might contribute to fever. The host immune response plays an important role in controlling antigenemia levels.
A Medical Home for Children With Insulin-Dependent Diabetes: Comanagement by Primary and Subspecialty Physicians—Convergence and Divergence of Opinions
Authors: Wegner Steven E. , Lathren Christine R. , Humble Charles G. , Mayer Michelle L. , Feaganes John , Stiles Alan D. 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to examine pediatricians' and endocrinologists' views about management for routine preventive and acute care, diabetes-specific care, and family education and care coordination for children with insulin-dependent diabetes.
METHODS. We conducted a mixed-mode survey of all of the pediatricians in 1 medicaid managed care network and all of the pediatric and adult endocrinologists who treat children with diabetes in North Carolina.
RESULTS. Of the 201 pediatricians surveyed, 132 responded (65%). Among the 61 endocrinologists who treat children, 59% replied. Nearly all of the respondents agreed that primary care physicians should have responsibility for routine primary care (eg, well-child checkups, treating minor illnesses or injuries, and immunizations). Likewise, large majorities favored endocrinologists as leads for diabetes-specific care (eg, 94% for training in use of an insulin pump and 82% for training in use of a glucometer). Many generalists and subspecialists reported that specific aspects of diabetes care should be comanaged (eg, 31% for tracking of hemoglobin A1c). However, large proportions of pediatricians and endocrinologists expressed differing opinions about the primary responsibility for family education and care coordination and for specific diabetes services. For example, 80% of endocrinologists saw subspecialists as leads for monitoring blood sugar levels, whereas 52% of pediatricians favored comanagement.
CONCLUSIONS. An effective medical home model of care depends on establishing clear lines of responsibility between the primary care physician and subspecialist. Our findings suggest that primary care physicians and subspecialists agree on who should lead most aspects of care for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and that some aspects of care should be comanaged. However, primary care physicians and subspecialists did not agree either between or within disciplines on who should be more responsible for the basic aspect of monitoring of blood sugar levels. Approaches that recognize the appropriate division of care between primary care physicians and subspecialists, facilitate comanagement when it is needed, and reward the collaboration required to provide medical homes for patients should be investigated as models of care.
In-Hospital Falls of Newborn Infants: Data From a Multihospital Health Care System
Authors: Monson Sherry A. , Henry Erick , Lambert Diane K. , Schmutz Nancy , Christensen Robert D. 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE. The fall of a newborn infant to the hospital floor is an error that has received little or no attention in medical publications. We sought to analyze the circumstances surrounding all such falls that occurred in an 18-hospital health care system during a 3-year period.METHODS. Information was located by using electronic and risk-management records. Demographic features, circumstances of the fall, and outcomes were tabulated for each event.RESULTS. During the study period, 88774 live births occurred at the Intermountain Healthcare hospitals. Fourteen neonatal in-hospital falls were identified during this period (incidence estimate: 1.6 falls per 10000 births). Seven falls occurred when a parent, holding the infant in a hospital bed or reclining chair, fell asleep and the infant fell to the floor. Six of these 7 falls occurred between 1:30 am and 9:00 am. Four falls occurred in the delivery room, 2 in the hallway while a nurse was wheeling a bassinette, and 1 from an infant swing. No deaths occurred. One patient sustained a depressed skull fracture and was transported to the regional children's hospital. At hospital discharge, 13 of the 14 were reported to have a normal examination. No specific protocols for preventing in-hospital falls of neonates were in place.CONCLUSIONS. If the incidence of a neonatal in-hospital fall in this study is representative, then 600 to 700 such falls occur annually in the United States. Relatively few scenarios explain the majority of falls. We speculate that the prevalence of this error could be reduced significantly by enacting programs aimed at eliminating or monitoring the most common circumstances under which these falls occur.
Allogeneic Injection of Fetal Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Therapeutic Angiogenesis in a Rat Model of Hind Limb Ischemia
Authors: Ishikane Shin , Ohnishi Shunsuke , Yamahara Kenichi , Sada Masaharu , Harada Kazuhiko , Mishima Kenichi , Iwasaki Katsunori , Fujiwara Michihiro , Kitamura Soichiro , Nagaya Noritoshi , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) have been demonstrated to be an attractive therapeutic cell source for tissue regeneration and repair. However, it remains unknown whether or not allogeneic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from fetal membranes (FM), which are generally discarded as medical waste after delivery, has therapeutic potential. FM-MSC were obtained from Lewis rats and had surface antigen expression and multipotent potential partly similar to those of BM-MSC. Compared with BM-MSC, FM-MSC secreted a comparable amount of hepatocyte growth factor despite a small amount of vascular endothelial growth factor. FM-MSC and BM-MSC both expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I but not MHC class II antigens and did not elicit allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation in mixed lymphocyte culture. FM-MSC or BM-MSC obtained from Lewis rats were injected into a MHC-mismatched August-Copenhagen-Irish rat model of hind limb ischemia. Three weeks after injection, blood perfusion and capillary density were significantly higher in the FM-MSC and BM-MSC groups than in the phosphate-buffered saline group, and allogeneic FM-MSC and BM-MSC were still observed. In nonischemic hind limb tissues, allogeneic FM-MSC and BM-MSC injection were associated with a comparatively small amount of T lymphocyte infiltration, compared with the injection of allogeneic splenic lymphocytes. In conclusion, allogeneic FM-MSC injection did not elicit a lymphocyte proliferative response and provided significant improvement in a rat model of hind limb ischemia, comparable to the response to BM-MSC. Thus, allogeneic injection of FM-MSC may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of severe peripheral vascular disease.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Regulatory Issues for Personalized Pluripotent Cells
Authors: Condic Maureen L. , Rao Mahendra 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The development of personalized pluripotent stem cells for research and for possible therapies holds out great hope for patients. However, such cells will face significant technical and regulatory challenges before they can be used as therapeutic reagents. Here we consider two possible sources of personalized pluripotent stem cells: embryonic stem cells derived from nuclear transfer (NT-ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from direct reprogramming of adult somatic cells. Both sources of personalized pluripotent stem cells face unique regulatory hurdles that are in some ways significantly higher than those facing stem cells derived from embryos produced by fertilization (ESCs). However, the outstanding long-term potential of iPSCs and their relative freedom from the ethical concerns raised by both ESCs and NT-ESCs makes direct reprogramming an exceptionally promising approach to advancing research and providing therapies in the field of regenerative medicine.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
OP9 Stroma Augments Survival of Hematopoietic Precursors and Progenitors During Hematopoietic Differentiation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Ji Junfeng , Vijayaragavan Kausalia , Bosse Marc , Weisel Katja , Bhatia Mickie 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The cellular mechanism and target cell affected by stromal microenvironments in augmenting hematopoietic specification from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has yet to be evaluated. Here, in contrast to aorta-gonad-mesonephros-derived S62 stromal cells, OP9 cells inhibit apoptosis and also augment the proliferation of hemogenic precursors prospectively isolated from human embryoid bodies. In addition, OP9 stroma supported cells within the primitive hematopoietic compartment by inhibiting apoptosis of CD45+CD34+ cells committed to the hematopoietic lineage, but have no effect on more mature blood (CD45+CD34−) cells. Inability of hESC-derived hematopoietic cells cocultured with OP9 stromal cells to engraft in both the adult and newborn NOD/SCID mice after intrafemoral and intrahepatic injection illustrated that although OP9 stromal cells augment hESC-derived hematopoiesis and progenitor output, this optimized environment does not confer or augment repopulating function of specified hematopoietic cells derived from hESCs. OP9 coculture also increases hematopoietic progenitors output from hemogenic precursors overexpressing HOXB4. Our study demonstrates that OP9 cells support both hemogenic precursors and their primitive hematopoietic progeny, thereby providing the first evidence toward understanding the cellular targets and mechanisms underlying the capacity of OP9 stromal cells to support hematopoiesis from ESCs and define the future steps required to achieve the global goal of generating bona fide human hematopoietic stem cells from ESC lines.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Changes in Gingival Dimensions Following Connective Tissue Grafts for Root Coverage: Comparison of Two Procedures
Authors: Han Jung S. , John Vanchit , Blanchard Steven B. , Kowolik Michael J. , Eckert George J. 
Published: August 2008

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in gingival dimensions and root coverage using the same surgical procedure but varying the amount of the connective tissue graft left uncovered.Methods: Twenty‐five Class I or II recession defects in 20 healthy subjects were randomly assigned to test (exposed connective tissue group; E group) or control (fully covered connective tissue group; FC group) groups and treated with a connective tissue graft procedure. In the E group, 1 to 2 mm of the graft was left uncovered at the completion of the surgery, whereas the FC group had the graft completely covered by the flap. Clinical parameters assessed included probing depth, recession depth, clinical attachment level, width of keratinized tissue, mobility, and plaque score.Results: At 12 weeks, the mean root coverage percentages for FC and E groups were 93% and 88%, respectively. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.48). Complete root coverage was observed in 79% and 64% of the subjects in FC and E groups, respectively. There was greater increase in the width of keratinized tissue in the E group (1.5 ± 1.1 mm) than the FC group (0.9 ± 0.9 mm), although this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.16). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for the changes in other parameters.Conclusions: Both procedures resulted in successful root coverage with an increase in the width of keratinized tissue. Leaving a portion of the graft exposed resulted in a greater increase of keratinized tissue, and complete coverage of the graft resulted in greater root coverage. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance.
Long‐Term Results of Guided Tissue Regeneration Therapy With Non‐Resorbable and Bioabsorbable Barriers. IV. A Case Series of Infrabony Defects After 10 Years
Authors: Pretzl Bernadette , Kim Ti‐Sun , Holle Rolf , Eickholz Peter 
Published: August 2008

Background: A 10‐year follow‐up study was conducted to clinically evaluate the long‐term results after guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy of infrabony defects using non‐resorbable and bioabsorbable barriers.Methods: Twelve pairs of contralateral infrabony defects were treated in 12 subjects with advanced periodontitis. Within each subject, one defect received a non‐resorbable barrier and the other received a bioabsorbable barrier by random assignment. Clinical parameters were obtained at baseline and at 12 and 120 ± 6 months after surgery.Results: Eight of 12 subjects were available for the examination at 120 ± 6 months. Twelve and 120 ± 6 months after GTR therapy statistically significant (P <0.05) vertical clinical attachment level (CAL‐V) gain was observed in both groups (3.4 ± 1.0 mm and 1.5 ± 1.2 mm for the control group at 12 and 120 months, respectively, and 3.3 ± 1.6 mm and 3.5 ± 2.5 mm for the test group at 12 and 120 months, respectively). However, 120 ± 6 months after GTR therapy, three infrabony defects (two controls and one test) had lost >2 mm of the attachment that had been gained 12 months after GTR therapy, and a statistically significant mean CAL‐V loss of 1.7 ± 1.3 mm was observed from 12 to 120 ± 6 months in the control group. One tooth in the control group was lost between 60 and 120 ± 6 months. The case series failed to show statistically significant differences between test and control regarding CAL‐V gain 120 ± 6 months after surgery.Conclusion: CAL‐V gain achieved 12 months after GTR therapy in infrabony defects using non‐resorbable and bioabsorbable barriers was stable after 10 years in 12 of 16 defects.
Effect of Eucalyptus Extract Chewing Gum on Periodontal Health: A Double‐Masked, Randomized Trial
Authors: Nagata Hideki , Inagaki Yoshika , Tanaka Muneo , Ojima Miki , Kataoka Kosuke , Kuboniwa Masae , Nishida Nobuko , Shimizu Katsumasa , Osawa Kenji , Shizukuishi Satoshi 
Published: August 2008

Background: Studies in vitro showed that eucalyptus extracts possess antibacterial activity against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria; however, the clinical effects with respect to periodontal health in humans remain unproven. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chewing gum containing eucalyptus extract on periodontal health in a double‐masked, randomized, controlled trial.Methods: Healthy humans with gingivitis but not deep periodontal pockets were randomly assigned to the following groups: high‐concentration group (n = 32): use of 0.6% eucalyptus extract chewing gum for 12 weeks (90 mg/day); low‐concentration group (n = 32): use of 0.4% eucalyptus extract chewing gum for 12 weeks (60 mg/day); and placebo group (n = 33): use of chewing gum without eucalyptus extract for 12 weeks. Plaque accumulation (PLA), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, and 14. Significance was analyzed with repeated‐measures two‐way analysis of variance followed by the Games‐Howell pairwise comparison test.Results: The interaction between the effects of eucalyptus extract chewing gum and the intake period was statistically significant for PLA, GI, BOP, and PD but not for CAL. The low‐ and high‐concentration groups exhibited statistically significant (P <0.05) improvements compared to the placebo group for PLA, GI, BOP, and PD.Conclusions: Eucalyptus extract chewing gum had a significant effect on PLA, GI, BOP, and PD. The use of eucalyptus extract chewing gum may promote periodontal health.
Interferon‐Gamma and Interleukin‐12 Gene Polymorphisms and Their Relation to Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis and Key Periodontal Pathogens
Authors: Reichert Stefan , Machulla Helmut K.G. , Klapproth Jana , Zimmermann Uta , Reichert Yvonne , Gläser Christiane , Schaller Hans‐Günter , Schulz Susanne 
Published: August 2008

Background: The gene polymorphisms interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) 874 T/A and interleukin (IL)‐12 1188 A/C have been associated with the altered production of cytokines. Therefore, they might be indicative of the occurrence of chronic periodontitis (CP) or aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and the prevalence of key periodontal pathogens. For this purpose, we analyzed these polymorphisms in subjects with generalized AgP or generalized CP. Moreover, we assessed the relationship between these polymorphisms and five periodontopathic bacteria.Methods: A total of 124 unrelated German white subjects with periodontitis (AgP = 72 and CP = 52) and 74 periodontitis‐free subjects were studied. Gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers. Subgingival bacteria were molecular biologically analyzed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction and reverse hybridization. The distributions of alleles and genotypes were calculated by the χ2 test with Yates correction. Risk factor analyses were carried out by logistic regression considering established confounders for periodontitis.Results: Allele and genotype frequencies of both investigated polymorphisms were not significantly different between subjects with periodontitis and periodontitis‐free controls. However, in the total study group, IL‐12 AA–positive subjects had a significantly higher bleeding index than individuals who expressed IL‐12 CC (68.2% versus 50.0%, P = 0.025). Moreover, IFN‐γ AA carriers had a decreased odds ratio (OR) for the individual presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) (OR = 0.39, P = 0.012) after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, and probing depth. IFN‐γ TA predisposed an individual to infection with Prevotella intermedia (OR = 2.15, P = 0.019).Conclusion: Although a relationship between the bleeding index and the presence of bacteria was shown, IFN‐γ and IL‐12 polymorphisms are not suitable diagnostic features for AgP and CP.
Management of Patients With Diabetes by General Dentists in New Zealand
Authors: Forbes Keshia , Thomson W. Murray , Kunzel Carol , Lalla Evanthia , Lamster Ira B. 
Published: August 2008

Background: The prevalence of diabetes in New Zealand is reaching epidemic proportions, with serious implications for oral health. We investigated the attitudes, beliefs, and practices of New Zealand (NZ) general dental practitioners (GDPs) with respect to the management of patients with diabetes and contrasted the NZ findings with those from a similar survey of GDPs in the Northeast United States (NE US) conducted in 2002.Methods: A nationwide postal survey was conducted of NZ dentists. A random sample was selected from the 2005 New Zealand Dental Register. Responses were received from 437 dentists (response rate: 64.5%).Results: The sample was representative. Most GDPs participated in the assessment and discussion phases of managing patients with diabetes, but the prevalence of more hands‐on activities (such as testing) was considerably lower. Three‐quarters of dentists asked new patients about their type of diabetes. Just over two in five respondents believed that their evaluation and/or management of the patient with diabetes were hindered by the lack of continuing education opportunities. Almost one‐third of dentists were unwilling to screen for diabetes using a finger‐stick test, and only 2.6% overall had ever done so. There were only minor differences between NZ and NE US dentists.Conclusion: Given the increasing numbers of patients with diabetes (known and unknown), there is a need for NZ and US dentists to be more involved in their active management.
Reliability of Implant Placement With Stereolithographic Surgical Guides Generated From Computed Tomography: Clinical Data From 94 Implants
Authors: Ersoy Ahmet Ersan , Turkyilmaz Ilser , Ozan Oguz , McGlumphy Edwin A. 
Published: August 2008

Background: Dental implant placement requires precise planning with regard to anatomic limitations and restorative goals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the match between the positions and axes of the planned and placed implants using stereolithographic (SLA) surgical guides.Methods: Ninety‐four implants were placed using SLA surgical guides generated from computed tomography (CT) between 2005 and 2006. Radiographic templates were used for all subjects during CT imaging. After obtaining three‐dimensional CT images, each implant was virtually placed on the CT images. SLA surgical guides, fabricated using an SLA machine with a laser beam to polymerize the liquid photo‐polymerized resin, were used during implant placement. A new CT scan was taken for each subject following implant placement. Special software was used to fuse the images of the planned and placed implants, and the locations and axes were compared.Results: Compared to the planned implants, the placed implants showed angular deviation of 4.9° ± 2.36°, whereas the mean linear deviation was 1.22 ± 0.85 mm at the implant neck and 1.51 ± 1 mm at the implant apex. Compared to the implant planning, the angular deviation and linear deviation at the neck and apex of the placed maxillary implants were 5.31° ± 0.36°, 1.04 ± 0.56 mm, and 1.57 ± 0.97 mm, respectively, whereas corresponding figures for placed mandibular implants were 4.44° ± 0.31°, 1.42 ± 1.05 mm, and 1.44 ± 1.03 mm, respectively.Conclusion: SLA surgical guides using CT data may be reliable in implant placement and make flapless implant placement possible.