bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Introduction to a Library material management and security control system - Radio Frequency ldentification (RFID) technology
Authors: Ranawella Thanuja C 
Published: February 2009

Radio Frequency ldentification (RFID) allows an item, (i.e. library book) to be tracked and communicated with by using radio waves. There are several methods of identification, but the most common is to store a serial number that identifies a person or object, and perhaps other information, on a microchip that is attached to an antenna. In a library environment, RFlD technology resembles a traditional barcode system in that it provides a means of assigning an ID to an item and reading that ID to perform circulation transactions or to take inventory. Introducing RFID, a library is able to identify and locate even the most remotely out of place item and helps to speed inventory process, and enhances the customer experience by increasing product availability and delivering faster checkouts. This allows the library to improve its circulation and inventory control, which helps to optimize the allocation of labour and financial resources. Self-service checkout and check-in is enjoying greater and greater acceptance at libraries around the world. With no special item orientations required or scan line to find customers enjoy an extremely high self-service success rate. So our libraries can further increase the number of customers who use this time- and labour-saving technology. The driver for today's libraries to adopt RFlD is the need to increase efficiency and reduce cost. Automation and self-service can help libraries of all sizes toward achieving these aims, and RFlD has the added advantage that it can also provide security for the range of different media on offer in libraries. doi: 10.4038/jula.v10i0.316 Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka (Vol. 10) 2006 p.29-39
Nitrided Amorphous Stainless Steel Coatings Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering from an Austenitic Stainless Steel Target
Authors: Cusenza Salvatore , Jürgens Daniel , Uhrmacher Michael , Schaaf Peter 
Published: February 2009

AbstractStainless steel films were reactively magnetron sputtered in argon/nitrogen gas flow onto oxidized silicon wafers using austenitic AISI 316 stainless‐steel targets. The deposited films of about 300 nm thickness were characterized by conversion electron Mö‐i;ssbauer spectroscopy, magneto‐optical Kerr‐effect, X‐ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and resonant nuclear reaction analysis. These complementary methods were used for a detailed examination of the nitriding effects for the sputtered stainless‐steel films. The formation of an amorphous and soft ferromagnetic phase in a wide range of the processing parameters was found. Further, the influence of postvacuum‐annealing was examined by perturbed angular correlation to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the nitriding process and phase formation. The amorphous phase is not very stable and crystallization can be observed at 973 K.
Simple and Generalized Synthesis of Semiconducting Metal Sulfide Nanocrystals
Authors: Choi Sang‐Hyun , An Kwangjin , Kim Eung‐Gyu , Yu Jung Ho , Kim Jeong Hyun , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUniform‐sized semiconducting nanocrystals of binary metal sulfides are synthesized from the thermolysis of metal‐oleate complexes in alkanethiol. The size of the Cu2S nanocrystals can be tuned from 7 to 20 nm by varying the reaction conditions. Various shaped nanocrystals of CdS, ZnS, MnS, and PbS are synthesized from the thermal reaction of metal‐oleate complex in alkanethiol.
High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Braga Daniele , Horowitz Gilles 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWith the advent of devices based on single crystals, the performance of organic field‐effect transistors has experienced a significant leap, with mobility now in excess of 10 cm2 V−1 s−1. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art of these high‐performance organic transistors. The paper focuses on the problem of parameter extraction, limitations of the performance by the interfaces, which include the dielectric–semiconductor interface, and the injection and retrieval of charge carriers at the source and drain electrodes. High‐performance devices also constitute tools of choice for investigating charge transport phenomena in organic materials. It is shown how the combination of field‐effect measurements with other electrical characterizations helps in elucidating this still unresolved issue.
Simulation and optimization of supercritical fluid purification of phytosterol esters
Authors: Fornari Tiziana , Torres Carlos F. , Señoráns F. Javier , Reglero Guillermo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSupercritical carbon dioxide extraction to separate phytosterol esters from fatty acid esters and tocopherols was simulated and optimized using the group contribution equation of state. Experimental extraction data at 328 K, pressures ranging from 200 to 280 bar and solvent‐to‐feed ratio around 25, was employed to verify the performance of the thermodynamic model. The raw material is the product obtained after a two‐step enzymatic reaction carried out on soybean oil deodorizer distillates, and contains mainly fatty‐acid ethyl esters, tocopherols and phytosterol esters. The extraction process was simulated using model substances to represent the complex multicomponent feed material. Nonlinear programming techniques were applied to find out optimal process conditions for a steady‐state countercurrent process with partial reflux of the extract. The process optimization procedure predicts that a product with 94.2 wt % of phytosterol ester purity and 80% yield could be achieved. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
FAK silencing inhibits leukemogenesis in BCR/ABL‐transformed hematopoietic cells
Authors: Le Yi , Xu Luhong , Lu Jiayun , Fang Jianpei , Nardi Valentina , Chai Li , Silberstein Leslie E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is constitutively activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in BCR/ABL‐transformed hematopoietic cells, but the role it plays during leukemogenesis remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of RNA interference‐mediated FAK silencing on leukemogenesis induced by a BCR/ABL‐transformed cell line. Transduction of BCR/ABL‐BaF3 cells with FAK shRNA inhibited FAK expression and reduced STAT5 phosphorylation, but induced caspase‐3 activation. In vitro studies showed that treatment with FAK shRNA resulted in impaired cell proliferation and colony formation, while increasing cell apoptosis. Mice that received transplants of BCR/ABL‐BaF3 cells with FAK shRNA displayed significantly prolonged survival time and diminished leukemia progression. In addition, FAK silencing enhanced in vitro and in vivo efficacy of ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib in BCR/ABL‐BaF3 cells. Our results suggest that FAK is critical for leukemogenesis and might be a potential target for leukemia therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracranial hemorrhage following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Najima Yuho , Ohashi Kazuteru , Miyazawa Maho , Nakano Mikako , Kobayashi Takeshi , Yamashita Takuya , Akiyama Hideki , Sakamaki Hisashi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCharts and radiographs of 622 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, over a 20‐year period, were retrospectively reviewed for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) following transplant. A total of 21 cases of ICH were identified (3.4%) including 15 cases of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), two cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and four cases of subdural hematoma (SDH). The median time from transplantation to the onset of ICH was 63 days (range, 6–3,488 days). The clinical features of post‐transplant ICH patients were similar and included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), systemic infection, and veno occlusive disease (VOD), recently referred to as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, in addition to severe thrombocytopenia. Mortality rate was especially high (89%) after IPH with a median survival of 2 days (range, 0–148 days). In contrast, all patients with SAH or SDH following HSCT survived. The cause of post‐transplant ICH appears to be multifactorial, including thrombocytopenia, hypertension, acute GVHD, VOD, and radiation therapy. Most patients in our series displayed severe thrombocytopenia at the onset of ICH, even though adequate prophylactic platelet transfusions were given. By univariate analysis, cord blood transplantation, acute GVHD, systemic infection, and VOD were related to the incidence of ICH, whereas prior CNS episodes and radiation therapy did not reach statistical significance. A multivariate analysis with logistic regression identified acute GVHD as the only factor that significantly influenced ICH occurrence. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Convergent genome wide association results for bipolar disorder and substance dependence
Authors: Johnson Catherine , Drgon Tomas , McMahon Francis J. , Uhl George R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwin studies document substantial heritability for substance dependence and bipolar disorder [Shih et al. (2004); Uhl et al. (2008a)]. Individuals with bipolar disorder display substance use disorders at rates that are much higher than those in the general population [Krishnan (2005)]. We would thus predict: 1) substantial overlap between different genome wide association (GWA) studies of bipolar disorder 2) significant overlap between results from bipolar disorder and substance dependence. Recent GWA studies [Baum et al. (2007); Sklar et al. (2008); Uhl et al. (2008a); Wellcome Trust Consortium (2007)] allow us to test these ideas, although 1) these datasets display difficult features that include use of differing sets of SNPs, likely polygenic genetics, likely differences in linkage disequilibrium between samples, heterogeneity both between and within loci and 2) several, though not all, reports have failed to identify any allele of any single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (“same SNP same allele”) that is reproducibly associated with bipolar disorder with “genome wide” significance. We now report analyses that identify clustered, P < 0.05 SNPs within genes that overlap between the bipolar samples (Monte Carlo P < 0.00001). Overlapping data from at least three of these studies identify 69 genes. 23 of these genes also contain overlapping clusters of nominally‐positive SNPs for substance dependence. Variants in these “addiction/bipolar” genes are candidates to influence the brain in ways that manifest as enhanced vulnerabilites to both substance dependence and bipolar disorder. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence that self‐reported psychotic experiences represent the transitory developmental expression of genetic liability to psychosis in the general population
Authors: Lataster Tineke , Myin‐Germeys Inez , Derom Catherine , Thiery Evert , van Os Jim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt has been suggested that self‐reported, common, non‐clinical psychotic experiences may represent the transitory developmental expression of distributed genetic risk for psychosis. In a sample of female MZ (176 pairs) and DZ twins (113 pairs), cross‐twin, cross‐trait analyses were conducted to investigate the association between repeated continuous measures of self‐reported psychotic experiences (PE—three measures over 18 months), assessed with the CAPE, in one twin and clinical interview categorical measures of psychotic symptoms (PS), assessed with SCID‐I, in the other twin. The results showed that in MZ but not DZ pairs (interaction: χ2 = 7.9, df = 1, P = 0.005), the cross‐twin association between PE and PS was large and significant (standardized effect size: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10–0.42) and of similar magnitude as the within‐twin PE–PS association (standardized effect size: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10–0.45), demonstrating both PE validity and genetic effects. In addition, the cross‐twin association between PE and PS was significantly larger (interaction: χ2 = 20.3, df = 1, P < 0.0001) for younger MZ twins (standardized effect size: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.44–0.90) than older MZ twins (standardized effect size: −0.05, 95% CI: −0.26 to 0.16), demonstrating developmental effects. This study indicates that self‐reported psychotic experiences in the general population may represent the developmental expression of population genetic risk for psychosis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How race becomes biology: Embodiment of social inequality
Authors: Gravlee Clarence C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe current debate over racial inequalities in health is arguably the most important venue for advancing both scientific and public understanding of race, racism, and human biological variation. In the United States and elsewhere, there are well‐defined inequalities between racially defined groups for a range of biological outcomes—cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, certain cancers, low birth weight, preterm delivery, and others. Among biomedical researchers, these patterns are often taken as evidence of fundamental genetic differences between alleged races. However, a growing body of evidence establishes the primacy of social inequalities in the origin and persistence of racial health disparities. Here, I summarize this evidence and argue that the debate over racial inequalities in health presents an opportunity to refine the critique of race in three ways: 1) to reiterate why the race concept is inconsistent with patterns of global human genetic diversity; 2) to refocus attention on the complex, environmental influences on human biology at multiple levels of analysis and across the lifecourse; and 3) to revise the claim that race is a cultural construct and expand research on the sociocultural reality of race and racism. Drawing on recent developments in neighboring disciplines, I present a model for explaining how racial inequality becomes embodied—literally—in the biological well‐being of racialized groups and individuals. This model requires a shift in the way we articulate the critique of race as bad biology. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Über Reppe hinaus: Aufbau substituierter Arene durch [2+2+2]‐Cycloaddition von Alkinen
Authors: Galan Brandon R. , Rovis Tomislav 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAus drei mach eins: Die Übergangsmetall‐katalysierte [2+2+2]‐Cycloaddition ist als Methode zum Aufbau von carbocyclischen Gerüsten etabliert, zeigt aber häufig nur schlechte Selektivitäten. Jüngst wurden jedoch vielversprechende Arbeiten vorgestellt, in denen bei einer intermolekularen metallkatalysierten [2+2+2]‐Cycloaddition aus drei Alkinen ein mehrfach substituiertes Aren erhalten wird (siehe Schema).magnified image
Tellus in, Tellus out: The Chemistry of the Vanadium Bis(telluride) Functionality
Authors: Kilgore Uriah J. , Karty Jonathan A. , Pink Maren , Gao Xinfeng , Mindiola Daniel J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDie Aktivierung von elementarem Tellur mit Vanadium lieferte den Vanadium‐Bis(tellurid)‐Komplex [(PNP)V(Te)2] (siehe Struktur). Seine terminalen Tellurideinheiten können als Abgangs‐ oder Schutzgruppen fungieren, und sie maskieren {(PNP)VI}‐ oder {(PNP)VIII}‐Fragmente, wenn sie Oxidationsmitteln wie Aziden und Diphenyldiazomethan ausgesetzt sind. Isocyanide vermitteln die Eliminierung eines Te‐Liganden unter Bildung eines VIII‐Komplexes mit einem terminalen Telluridliganden.magnified image
One‐Pot Approach to Well‐Defined Biomolecular Assemblies by Orthogonal Chemoselective Ligations
Authors: Galibert Mathieu , Dumy Pascal , Boturyn Didier 
Published: February 2009

AbstractKlick‐Klick am Cyclopeptid: Definierte Biomolekülanordnungen wurden mithilfe von Oximbildung und Kupfer(I)‐vermittelter Alkin‐Azid‐Cycloaddition als orthogonale Reaktionen stufenweise oder in einem Reaktionsgefäß erhalten. Die Strategie wurde am Beispiel der regioselektiven Ligation biologischer Peptide an ein Cyclopeptidgerüst veranschaulicht.magnified image
Bindungsmuster zweier C90‐Isomere, bestimmt durch Strukturaufklärung von C90Cl32
Authors: Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDie chlorreichen Zwei: Das erste halogenierte Derivat von C90 – C90Cl32 (siehe Struktur; grau C, grün Cl) – wurde durch Chlorierung eines Gemischs höherer Fullerene mit SbCl5 erhalten. Die Molekülstruktur im Kristall zeigt, dass zwei isomere C90‐Käfige vorliegen, die dem C2v‐Isomer 46 und dem Cs‐Isomer 34 entsprechen. Die Addition von 32 Cl‐Atomen entspricht dem maximalen Chlorierungsgrad für alle bisher bekannten Fullerenchloride.magnified image
Antagomirzymes: Oligonucleotide Enzymes That Specifically Silence MicroRNA Function
Authors: Jadhav Vaibhav M. , Scaria Vinod , Maiti Souvik 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMany important cellular processes are regulated by small endogenous noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs). The precise molecular function of many miRNAs is unknown; different loss‐of‐function methods are required to gain insight into the biology of these small RNA molecules. Nucleic acid enzymes termed antagomirzymes are now shown to be valuable tools for the specific knockdown of miRNA in vitro and in vivo (see scheme).magnified image
When Do Interacting Atoms Form a Chemical Bond? Spectroscopic Measurements and Theoretical Analyses of Dideuteriophenanthrene
Authors: Grimme Stefan , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Erker Gerhard , Kehr Gerald , Wang Huadong , Beckers Helmut , Willner Helge 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDon't rewrite the textbooks! Vibrational spectra of a selectively deuterated derivative of phenanthrene indicate that the C4H⋅⋅⋅HC5 interaction in its “bay” area should be interpreted as steric (Pauli) repulsion. These findings and the results of theoretical analysis are in conflict with interpretations that describe this interaction as strongly stabilizing.magnified image
Tellus in, Tellus out: The Chemistry of the Vanadium Bis(telluride) Functionality
Authors: Kilgore Uriah J. , Karty Jonathan A. , Pink Maren , Gao Xinfeng , Mindiola Daniel J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe vanadium–bis(telluride) complex, [(PNP)V(Te)2] (see picture), in which the terminal telluride units can act as leaving groups or protecting groups, is prepared by activation of elemental Te by V. The complex masks {(PNP)VI} or {(PNP)VIII} sources when exposed to oxidants such as azides and diphenyldiazomethane. Isocyanides promote elimination of one Te ligand to furnish a VIII complex with a terminal telluride ligand.magnified image
One‐Pot Approach to Well‐Defined Biomolecular Assemblies by Orthogonal Chemoselective Ligations
Authors: Galibert Mathieu , Dumy Pascal , Boturyn Didier 
Published: February 2009

AbstractClick–click cyclopeptides: Well‐defined biomolecular assemblies are synthesized using orthogonal oxime bond formation and copper(I)‐mediated alkyne–azide cycloaddition reactions in a stepwise or in a one‐pot approach. To illustrate this strategy, regioselective ligation of biologically relevant peptides onto a cyclopeptidic scaffold was performed.magnified image
Connectivity Patterns of Two C90 Isomers Provided by the Structure Elucidation of C90Cl32
Authors: Kemnitz Erhard , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwo for the price of one: The first halogenated derivative of C90, C90Cl32 (see structure; gray C, green Cl), is obtained by chlorination of a higher fullerene mixture with SbCl5. Its molecular structure, elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, reveals the presence of two isomeric C90 cages that correspond to C2v isomer 46 and Cs isomer 34. The addition of 32 chlorine atoms is the maximum degree of chlorination achieved for fullerenes.magnified image
Combustion modeling of blended coal in a 300‐MW tangentially fired boiler using a two‐mixture‐fraction model
Authors: Fang Qing‐Yan , Wang Hua‐Jian , Li Wei‐Jie , Zhou Huai‐Chun , Lei Lin , Duan Xue‐Long , Li Guan‐Wu , Yang Hui 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe combustion process in a 300‐MW tangentially fired boiler furnace fired with a blended coal has been numerically simulated. The blended coal contains a low‐quality bituminous coal and anthracite and it was injected into the furnace from different burner nozzles. In order to better capture the combustion characteristics, a two‐mixture‐fraction model has been developed to model the combustion process of each individual coal of the blend. The two mixture fractions were used to separately track the combustion processes of the two component coals to reveal the effect of the combustion of the two coals on the chemical reactions in local zones of the furnace. The sum of the two mixture fractions was used to calculate the gas‐phase turbulent combustion. Temperature measurements in the furnace were carried out by a flame image processing technique for model validation. Simulation results show that the temperature and oxygen concentration on the horizontal cross‐sections close to the primary air burner nozzles in the furnace are nonuniformly, but symmetrically distributed across the four corners. The temperatures predicted by the simulation agree well with those measured by the flame image processing technique with a maximum error of 8.65%. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serglycin proteoglycan: Regulating the storage and activities of hematopoietic proteases
Authors: Pejler Gunnar , Åbrink Magnus , Wernersson Sara 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSerglycin (SG), like all other proteoglycans, consists of a protein “core” to which sulfated and thereby negatively charged polysaccharide chains of glycosaminoglycan type are attached. The recent generation of mice lacking a functional SG gene has revealed a number of biological functions of SG. In particular, it has been shown that SG has a key role in promoting the storage and in regulating the activities of a number of proteases expressed in hematopoietic cell types, most notably various mast cell proteases. In this review, we summarize the recent development in our understanding of the biological function of SG, in particular by focusing on the novel insight provided through analysis of the SG‐deficient mouse strain. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Type III IFNs: New layers of complexity in innate antiviral immunity
Authors: Ank Nina , Paludan Søren R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCytokines are small secreted molecules, which mediate cross‐talk between cells involved in the immune response. Interferons (IFN)s, constitute a class of cytokines with antiviral activities, and the type I IFNs have been ascribed particularly important roles in the innate antiviral response. Type III IFNs (also known as IFN‐λ or interleukin 28/29) represent a class of novel cytokines with biological activities similar to the type I IFNs, but seem to have a more specialized role in antiviral defense by exerting host‐protection primarily at epithelial surfaces. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the role of type III IFNs in antiviral defense. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.