bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can GM and organic agriculture coexist?
Authors: Weber W. E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Coexistence between farmers using different crop production systems needs tolerance, since the growing of plants represents an open system and a perfect separation of plant materials between neighbouring fields is not possible. In the case of genetically modified (GM) plants, the situation is complicated, since not only the farmers themselves are involved. To achieve coexistence, accepted threshold values for labelling and distance measures for separation of fields with different cropping systems have been introduced, as well as rules on how to handle problems. Since organic agriculture is only a production system, the same threshold values for organic products are valid as for conventional products. Nevertheless, different minimum distances are prescribed in Germany for GM maize, the only crop for which released varieties exist for that country. Since GM agriculture is allowed only for varieties that have passed all required safety checks, admixture can only have economic consequences as a result of price differences between organic and labelled GM products. The restriction to product prices alone is facilitating coexistence. Nevertheless, it should be kept in mind that there remains a clash in basic thinking and consequent practical implementation between organic farming and conventional and GM farming; this can affect even social relationships between neighbouring farmers. Gene flow can be reduced by increasing the distances between fields, buffer zones, the use of genotypes differing in flowering time and taking wind direction into account. However, environmental factors such as wind cannot be predicted in advance. This restricts the value of modelling environmental factors in order to manage gene flow. Since GM plants behave as other plants, gene flow as an important force of evolution cannot be suppressed completely. However, this is not unique to GM crops.
The Cultural Roots of Kinship Care
Authors: Hegar Rebecca L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe foster placement of children with relatives is one of the oldest traditions in child rearing and the latest phenomena in formal child placement practice. This chapter explores the extent and natural of traditional kinship fostering, motivations for the practice, and existing knowledge about its outcomes. It considers literature on ancient and mythical cultures, Oceania, Africa, and North America. The final section examines the implications of traditional kinship fostering for modern child placement practice.
Paradigm Shift
Authors: Jackson Sondra M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the training needs of social workers involved in kinship care programs. Child welfare trainers have realized that the traditional foster care training is unable to meet the needs of kinship care practitioners and are seeking alternative curricula. The issues relating to a paradigm shift, the unique training needs of workers in kinship care, the important components of a training program, and child welfare workers' response to kinship care training are discussed.
Kinship Care in the Public Child Welfare System
Authors: Scannapieco Maria 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter presents a systematic review (SR) of kinship care research. It begins with an explanation of the SR method. The findings of the systematic review are presented in three broad categories: characteristics of children, birth parents, and caregivers; provision of child welfare services while in care; and goals and outcomes of placement. Trends that emerged from the review are discussed.
The Adult Functioning of Former Kinship and Nonrelative Foster Care Children
Authors: Zuravin Susan J. , Benedict Mary , Stallings Rebecca 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter reviews findings from research that focused on describing and comparing the young adult functioning of former foster care children and a matched group of adults who had not spent time in foster care; and determining whether the functioning of former kinship foster children differs from that of their nonrelative care counterparts. The methodologies used by these studies are assessed in order to provide direction for future research. The main findings are that, in general, former foster children appear to be less self-sufficient than their nonfoster care counterparts; and that former kin foster care children appear to be more self-sufficient than their nonrelative foster care counterparts.
Perceptions of the Trainees as Corporate Employees
Authors: Perlmutter Felice Davidson 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the perceptions of the new employees during their initial period of adjustment at the Blue Shield corporate facility. It also discusses ways to smooth the transition from training to employment. These include commitment and clarity regarding the goals of the program, careful coordination between the organizations involved in the process, and appointing a “point person” that the new employees trust and to whom they can share their concerns in confidence.
Innovations for High-Risk Infants
Authors: SINGER LYNN T. , MINNES SONIA , ARENDT ROBERT E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of current interventions aimed at addressing the needs of three groups of high-risk infants: infants born after fetal exposure to maternal substance abuse, infants with chronic illnesses diagnosable in infancy, and pre-term infants with low and very low birth weights. For each subgroup, the population and its associated problems, issues pertaining to practice with these populations, and innovations in practice and/or service delivery are discussed.
Innovations in Child Welfare
Authors: LITTELL JULIA H. , SCHUERMAN JOHN R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter focuses on a major service delivery innovation in child welfare—the provision of intensive in-home services aimed at keeping families together and preventing out-of-home placement of children. It begins with an overview of vulnerable children served by the child welfare system and then discusses the functioning of this system and issues in child welfare practice. The in-home service delivery model is then discussed. Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this intervention is reviewed, and implications for practice, policy, and future research are presented.
Innovation in Mental Retardation Services
Authors: BRADDOCK DAVID 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter discusses innovations in mental retardation services over the past thirty years. It begins by discussing the definition, etiology, and prevalence of mental retardation. It then presents a brief historical overview of mental retardation services. It discusses the emergence of supported community living and related innovations. Service delivery innovations for an important subpopulation of those mental retardation—persons who also have behavioral disorders— are considered. Implications for service delivery, policy, and education are presented at the end of the chapter.
Innovation in Practice with Homeless Populations
Authors: LEE JUDITH A. B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter discusses innovative programs and practice approaches in working with homeless persons. It begins by identifying the characteristics of the homeless population. It highlights three nonexclusive categories of homeless women as particularly vulnerable subgroups within the homeless population: women with children, women with chronic mental illness. The chapter then presents service delivery innovations such as enriched service emergency shelters, transitional living facilities, and permanent housing with services. It describes the empowerment approach by providing examples of empowerment group work, political activities, and individual- and family-oriented empowerment programs for homeless and formerly homeless men, women, and children in Hartford, Connecticut. Implications for future policy, practice, and research are presented.
Innovative Intervention Approaches for Alzheimer's Disease Caregivers
Authors: COON DAVID W. , SCHULZ RICHARD , ORY MARCIA G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter discusses the innovative interventions of a new multisite family caregiver intervention research program entitled Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH). It describes five types of caregiver interventions—individual information and support, group support and family systems, psychoeducational and skill-based, home-based environmental, and enhanced technology systems—that are being testing by the REACH program. A major strength of the REACH project is its use of the same standardized instruments across treatment sites to measure the effects of these interventions. The chapter concludes with a discussion of REACH efforts to tailor its interventions to meet the needs of different populations of family caregivers, and presents recommendations for future studies in caregiver intervention research and service delivery.
Nontraditional Settings: Conceptual, Dimensional, and Services
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter presents a theoretical foundation from which to understand better the importance of nontraditional settings in community life. It begins with a discussion of the following concepts: social embeddedness, urban sanctuaries, free space, and social and natural support systems. Help-seeking patterns, types of services provided by nontraditional settings, the translation of theory into practice, and principles for collaborative practice are then considered. The four general approaches to identifying, assessing, mapping, engaging and collaborating with nontraditional settings; and staffing and organizational factors are discussed.
Framework for Practice
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter presents a framework for establishing collaboration within nontraditional settings. The framework has analytical (theoretical) and interactional (political) dimensions, and takes into account the challenges inherent in any form of collaboration between social agencies and nontraditional settings. Viewing collaboration as developmental provides social agencies and nontraditional settings with sufficient time to develop trust and mutual respect.
Smart and Sassy
Authors: Stevens Joyce West 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis book provides an explanatory model of adolescent development in a social context in order to explicate how meaningful psychosocial identities are constructed. The maturational trajectories of adolescents are fully explored within particular developmental domains. The functional constructs of resilience and risk are utilized to clarify the intersection of social context and emotional-behavioral responses in the lives of Black girls and their families. Based on research findings, the book has a particular ethnic focus; notwithstanding, it offers powerful insight into the developmental issues confronting all adolescents. The book brings together empirical data and case illustrations to theorize about social competence and social assets that promote healthy development. The book argues that developmentally self-relatedness or the lack thereof makes for adaptive or maladaptive social adjustment. Altogether, authoritative foundational knowledge in theology, philosophy and human development underscores theorizations about the complexities of concrete life-experiences. The girls' self-reports are told in their own words. Their visceral language communicates chutzpah, intelligence, courage, and hope. Of import to students of social work, counselling, and psychology will be the book's theoretical composition and the presentation of actual case material all of which provide a knowledge base for the development of critical thinking and intervention skills. Case illustrations feature study questions for reflection and class discussion. A Glossary is provided at the end of the book to capture the meaning of core concepts presented throughout the text.
Care Protective Sensibility and Role Model Formulation
Authors: Joyce West Stevens 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this chapter, as in the next two chapters, the developmental domains are linked. The linkages of the domains are such due to their unique compatibility to one another. This chapter and subsequent chapters clarify the developmental tasks of each domain while providing an examination of their paired congruency. The Care Protective Sensibility domain task is to respect and care for others and to be empathic; the Role Model Formulation domain task is to enhance one’s capacity for empathy, to learn from esteemed adults, and to develop a more realistic view of parental figures. It is argued that the maturational tasks of all seven domains operate as organizers of identity and personal meaning systems.
Guiding Principles for Community Capacity-Enhancement Practice
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSocial work practitioners need guiding principles to help them analyze and develop macro interventions. Guiding principles play important roles in helping practitioners decide how practice must be conceptualized and carried out. This chapter presents six key principles that are critical for bringing to fruition all the potential that capacity enhancement is capable of achieving. These principles are: (1) create community participation stressing inter-ethnic-racial relations; (2) adopt and build community spirit as a central goal; (3) systematically build intergenerational activities into interventions; (4) implement interorganizational (formal and informal) collaborative goals; (5) have community capacity enhancement as a central goal; and (6) stress grassroots funding when possible.
Application of the Framework to Practice: Mapping
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter discusses the mapping phase of the community capacity-enhancement framework. Mapping gives practitioners a great deal of flexibility in any given situation because they are able to gather a range of complex information that is not readily available from conventional sources, such as resource directories. Mapping can be used to enhance a community's capacities, which will prove to be an essential element of any form of intervention targeting a community. Practitioners, in turn, can tailor the kind of information they need to gather and to do so with a minimal amount of effort.
Theoretical Underpinnings of Individual Placement and Support (IPS)
Authors: Becker Deborah R. , Drake Robert E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter describes some of the theoretical notions that led to the foundation of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) approach to supported employment. Psychiatric rehabilitation theory indicates that individual functioning is enhanced by supportive environments and skill development. The theory of recovery is that people can move beyond illness and have meaningful life activities such as work. Disability is not an inherent part of illness but a secondary problem resulting from ways society marginalizes people (e.g., stigma, segregation). Furthermore, community mental health treatments and policies have resulted in experiences that lead to disempowerment and deflating learning experiences. For example, people steered to work in sheltered workshops come to believe that they can only work in that setting. Theories that have not been tested may lead to false information. For example, the notion that parallel services are more effective than integrated services was tested and found to be false. While there are many theories in psychology and rehabilitation, IPS supported employment is based not only on theory but also on empirical outcome studies.
Research on IPS
Authors: Becker Deborah R. , Drake Robert E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter reviews several aspects of the research on IPS supported employment, including vocational outcomes, non-vocational outcomes, costs and economic impacts, and future directions. Two types of vocational outcome studies are described. First, traditional rehabilitative treatment programs or sheltered workshops were converted to IPS. In these studies, clients had higher employment rates than when in rehabilitative day treatment or sheltered workshops, highlighting greater work potential than previously believed. Second, IPS was compared experimentally with other vocational programs in multiple studies and with diverse populations. Significantly more people worked in IPS than in the comparison programs. Preliminary research has shown a weak relationship between IPS and non-vocational outcomes. More research is needed to understand aspects of IPS supported employment. For example, what is the long-term course of jobs and of careers in relation to IPS?
Supported Education
Authors: Becker Deborah R. , Drake Robert E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLike others, people with severe mental illness are interested in developing work careers by increasing their knowledge and skills through education. This chapter provides an illustration of a young man who receives supported education services from an employment specialist and returns to school. In IPS supported employment, all clients are encouraged to think about whether further schooling would be an asset in developing their work lives. The components of supported education are parallel to those of supported employment and are carried out by employment specialists. Clients are assisted in obtaining financial aid information, completing financial aid applications and admissions applications, selecting courses and a study major, and developing good study habits and test taking skills. Employment specialists discuss with the client whether s/he is interested in receiving accommodations and/or services from the school’s disability services office. The whole treatment team provides supports to assist people with their educational goals.
Multisystemic Therapy
Authors: Schoenwald Sonja K. , Rowland Melisa D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMultisystemic therapy (MST) is a family- and community-based treatment that addresses the multiple determinants of serious clinical problems that place youth at high risk of out-of-home placement. This chapter discusses MST treatment theory, target populations, MST intervention parameters, program development, MST training and quality assurance, and evidence base for MST.
Treatment Foster Care
Authors: Chamberlain Patricia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTreatment foster care (TFC) is a family-based alternative to residential, institutional, and group care for children and adolescents displaying significant behavioral, emotional, and mental health problems. This chapter examines the use of TFC in children and adolescents with antisocial and conduct problems. It presents a brief overview of the development of antisocial behavior throughout childhood and adolescence, including a description of antecedents and risk factors at various stages of development. Examples of the use of the TFC model are then discussed, including identification of outcomes targeted for change in treatment. The key parameters of the Oregon TFC model are described. The practical aspects of running a TFC program are also considered.
Managing Human Resources in the Human Services
Authors: Perlmutter Felice Davidson , Bailey Darlyne , Netting Ellen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractManagerial supervisors are those persons who supervise direct service staff, who oversee human service programs, and who perform macro practice tasks in their agencies on a daily basis. They are not clinical supervisors who oversee the treatment aspects of direct practice; nor are they administrators at the executive level. This book addresses the challenges facing the often under-appreciated managerial supervisors who oversee and provide a crucial organizational structure for work that occurs in human service across the country. The successful managerial supervisor must be able to create and develop the organizational culture in which client-centered practice can occur, balance the demands of administrative leadership with those of workers who see clients, keep a client-centered focus amid the paradoxes that arise in the process, and maintain a healthy professional presence.
Relationship and Reciprocity
Authors: Brown Joseph Epes , Cousins Emily 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Native Americans' belief about nature. It shows that Native Americans do not dichotomize human and animal, natural and supernatural. Typical Western distinctions between animism and animatism are not necessarily present in the Native American experience, since all forms and aspects of creation are experienced as living and animate. Even “inanimate”rocks are thought to be mysteriously possessed with life. But this experience of the sacred does not exclude a unitary, all-inclusive concept that refers to both a Supreme Being and to all gods, spirits, or powers of creation. The roots of relatedness, Lakota metaphysics, animal beings as teachers, and the cyclical relationships that Native American traditions sustain with nature are discussed.
Clinical Applications of Evidence-Based Family Interventions
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis book reviews the evidence-based treatments relevant to family treatment in human services and social services settings. It addresses some of the main reasons families are seen in mental health and social service settings: child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct problems, substance use disorders, schizophrenia, depression, and dementia. For each problem area, a detailed case study provides step-by-step guidelines on how the evidence-based theory can be applied in practice. Interventions include psychoeducation, behavioral parent training, solution-focused therapy, cognitive-behavioral treatment, structural family therapy, and multisystemic treatment.
Psychoeducation with Caregivers of Older Adults
Authors: Gleason-Wynn Patricia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter describes the use of psychoeducation with caregivers of older adults with dementia conditions such as Alzheimer's. An overview of the psychoeducational model is provided, including its empirical support. Elements of the intervention involve joining; education on the psychoeducational approach, dementia, and management of behavioral symptoms; information on caregiver stress and cognitive-behavioral skill-building to increase coping; and information on community resources. These elements are discussed and applied to a case study.
Integration of Models
Authors: CORCORAN JACQUELINE 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter highlights some of the similarities and differences between the three therapeutic models that comprise the strengths- and skills-building approach — solution-focused therapy, motivational interviewing, and cognitive-behavioral therapy — in terms of the models' stance toward strengths and behavioral change, the client's relationship to the change process, the time needed to enact change, the degree of structure and direction required, and the system level at which change is targeted. As much as possible, client strengths, resources, and motivation are identified, reinforced, and amplified. Cognitive-behavioral skill-building is used to bolster areas where the client has knowledge or skill gaps that seem to interfere with the attainment of their goals. The aim throughout is a collaborative process in which the individual, not the practitioner, is seen as the ultimate expert on his or her life.