bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Dysfunction in Mice with Streptozotocin-induced Type 1 Diabetes Is Opposed by Compensatory Overexpression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in the Vasculature
Authors: Nacci Carmela , Tarquinio Mariela , De Benedictis Leonarda , Mauro Annamaria , Zigrino Addolorata , Carratù Maria Rosaria , Quon Michael J. , Montagnani Monica 
Published: October 2008

Cardiovascular complications of diabetes result from endothelial dysfunction secondary to persistent hyperglycemia. We investigated potential compensatory mechanisms in the vasculature that oppose endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. BALB/c mice were treated with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 1 diabetes (T1D). In mesenteric vascular beds (MVBs), isolated ex vivo from mice treated with STZ for 1 wk, dose-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside was comparable with that in age-matched control mice (CTRL). By contrast, MVBs from mice treated with STZ for 8 wk had severely impaired vasodilator responses to ACh consistent with endothelial dysfunction. Pretreatment of MVBs from CTRL mice with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nearly abolished vasodilation to ACh. In MVB from 1-wk STZ-treated mice, vasodilation to ACh was only partially impaired by L-Nω-arginine methyl ester. Thus, vasculature of mice with T1D may have compensatory nitric oxide-independent mechanisms to augment vasodilation to ACh and oppose endothelial dysfunction. Indeed, pretreatment of MVBs isolated from 1-wk STZ-treated mice with NS-398 [selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor] unmasked endothelial dysfunction not evident in CTRL mice pretreated without or with NS-398. Expression of COX-2 in MVBs, aortic endothelial cells, and aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from STZ-treated mice was significantly increased (vs. CTRL). Moreover, concentrations of the COX-2-dependent vasodilator 6-keto-prostaglandin F-1α was elevated in conditioned media from aorta of STZ-treated mice. We conclude that endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of T1D is opposed by compensatory up-regulation of COX-2 expression and activity in the vasculature that may be relevant to developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications.Endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes is opposed by compensatory mechanisms involving increased expression and activity of cyclooxygenase-2 in the vasculature induced by pro-inflammatory signaling.
Lean Phenotype and Resistance to Diet-Induced Obesity in Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mice Correlates with Induction of Uncoupling Protein-1 in White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Narvaez Carmen J. , Matthews Donald , Broun Emily , Chan Michelle , Welsh JoEllen 
Published: October 2008

Increased adiposity is a feature of aging in both mice and humans, but the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related changes in adipose tissue stores remain unclear. In previous studies, we noted that 18-month-old normocalcemic vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout (VDRKO) mice exhibited atrophy of the mammary adipose compartment relative to wild-type (WT) littermates, suggesting a role for VDR in adiposity. Here we monitored body fat depots, food intake, metabolic factors, and gene expression in WT and VDRKO mice on the C57BL6 and CD1 genetic backgrounds. Regardless of genetic background, both sc and visceral white adipose tissue depots were smaller in VDRKO mice than WT mice. The lean phenotype of VDRKO mice was associated with reduced serum leptin and compensatory increased food intake. Similar effects on adipose tissue, leptin and food intake were observed in mice lacking Cyp27b1, the 1α-hydroxylase enzyme that generates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the VDR ligand. Although VDR ablation did not reduce expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ or fatty acid synthase, PCR array screening identified several differentially expressed genes in white adipose tissue from WT and VDRKO mice. Uncoupling protein-1, which mediates dissociation of cellular respiration from energy production, was greater than 25-fold elevated in VDRKO white adipose tissue. Consistent with elevation in uncoupling protein-1, VDRKO mice were resistant to high-fat diet-induced weight gain. Collectively, these studies identify a novel role for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the VDR in the control of adipocyte metabolism and lipid storage in vivo.
Mice lacking the vitamin D receptor or its ligand display reduced adiposity, resistance to diet-induced obesity, and induction of uncoupling protein-1 in white adipose tissue.
The Cyclopentenone 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 Delays Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Preterm Delivery and Reduces Mortality in the Newborn Mouse
Authors: Pirianov Grisha , Waddington Simon N. , Lindström Tamsin M. , Terzidou Vasiliki , Mehmet Huseyin , Bennett Phillip R. 
Published: October 2008

Intrauterine infection is a common trigger for preterm birth and is also a risk factor for the subsequent development of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the neonate. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binds to toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) to activate proinflammatory signaling pathways, which are implicated in both preterm delivery and antenatal brain injury. The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a key player in the orchestration of the inflammatory response and has a central role in parturition. Here we show that intrauterine administration of TLR-4-specific LPS to pregnant mice results in the activation of NF-κB in the maternal uterus and the fetal brain, up-regulation of proinflammatory proteins cyclooxygenase-2, chemokine ligand 1, ChemoKine (C-C motif) ligand 2, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 in myometrium, and induction of preterm delivery. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is an antiinflammatory prostaglandin that plays a role in promoting the resolution of inflammation. We report that coadministration of 15d-PGJ2 and LPS to pregnant mice delays LPS-induced preterm delivery and confers protection from LPS-induced fetal mortality. This is associated with inhibition of myometrial NF-κB, cytosolic phospholipase A2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, and of inflammatory protein synthesis. Therefore 15d-PGJ2 has anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of multiple aspects of inflammation-driven TRL-4 signaling pathway. Thus, 15d-PGJ2 or compounds with similar antiinflammatory functions may have potential as therapeutic agents in the management of preterm labor with the added advantage of preventing detrimental effects to the fetus that may result from infection/inflammation.
Intrauterine lipopolysaccharide administration to pregnant mice activates nuclear factor-κ and Jun N-terminal kinase, causing preterm labor. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits this via multiple aspects of the toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathway.
Commentary: The Year in Basic Science: Update of Estrogen Plus Progestin Therapy for Menopausal Hormone Replacement Implicating Stem Cells in the Increased Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Horwitz Kathryn B. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
This transcript is based on my The Year in Basic Science lecture at ENDO 2008. I reviewed current data surrounding hormone replacement therapy and the relationship between systemic estrogen plus progestin (E+P) treatment and increased breast cancer risk, and I explored the hypothesis that women who develop breast cancer while on E+P had occult, undiagnosed disease before they started therapy. Beginning with recent hormone replacement therapy data focusing on E+P and its association with breast cancer to set the stage, the lecture then reviewed our newly published data that progestins expand breast cancer stem cells. Finally, the issues of occult or undiagnosed breast cancer in presumably healthy women, and of tumor dormancy in breast cancer survivors, were brought to bear on the discussion. Taken together, these apparently disparate themes allowed me to suggest the idea that systemic progestins have the ability to reawaken cancers that were presumed to be either nonexistent or cured. To avoid this potentially devastating outcome while retaining the benefits of E+P, I advocated the use of local P delivery methods, rather than the currently popular systemic routes.
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations of Mono- and Dihydrated Clusters of the Guanine Nucleosides: Possibility of Different Hydration Structures for Guanosine and 2′-Deoxyguanosine
Authors: Saigusa Hiroyuki , Mizuno Nobuteru , Asami Hiroya , Takahashi Kenshi , Tachikawa Masanori 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Mono- and dihydrated clusters of guanosine (Gs) and 2′-deoxyguanosine (2′-dGs) are formed by laser desorption combined with supersonic-jet cooling, and their electronic spectra are obtained by resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy. The electronic spectra of these hydrated clusters appear to be composed of multiple structural isomers. Possible hydration structures are investigated based on comparison with the result for 9-methylguanine (9MG) and computational studies. The dihydrated cluster of Gs is found to exhibit absorption bands which are significantly shifted with respect to those of 2′-dGs and 9MG. The observation suggests the existence of specific dihydrate structures involving the 2′-hydroxy group of Gs.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ruthenium Complexes Having Tridentate N-Ethyl-N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine Coordinating in a Facial or Meridional Fashion
Authors: Shimizu Yasunori , Fukui Sohei , Oi Takao , Nagao Hirotaka 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Ruthenium complexes containing a tridentate N-ethyl-N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylamine: bpea) ligand having two different types of nitrogen donors, one an amine and the other pyridine rings connected with flexible CH2-arms, were synthesized and characterized. A trichlororuthenium isomeric pair of fac- and mer-[RuCl3(bpea)] was synthesized from RuCl3·nH2O in a H2O–C2H5OH solution. A reaction of fac-[RuCl3(bpea)] in an C2H5OH–H2O–CH3CN solution under refluxing conditions afforded a triacetonitrile complex, fac-[Ru(CH3CN)3(bpea)](PF6)2. Four nitrosylruthenium complexes, trans(NO, py), cis(NO, Cl), fac-[RuCl2(NO)(bpea)]PF6, trans(NO, OH), cis(NO, NO2), mer-[Ru(NO2)(OH)(NO)(bpea)]PF6, trans(NO, OCH3), cis(NO, Cl), mer-[RuCl(OCH3)(NO)(bpea)]PF6 and trans(NO, OH), cis(NO, Cl), mer-[RuCl(OH)(NO)(bpea)]PF6, were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The bpea of three nitrosylruthenium complexes bearing an electron-donating ligand such as hydroxo or methoxo as an ancillary ligand coordinated in a meridional fashion.
Preparation, Characterization, and Structures of Dinuclear Cobalt(III) Complexes Triply Bridged by Two μ-Hydroxo and One μ-Carbonato
Authors: Ama Tomoharu , Yonemura Toshiaki , Yoshimura Takahisa 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Two [Co2(L)2(μ-CO3)(μ-OH)2] complexes (L: N-methyliminodiacetato, or 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) were prepared and characterized. In each complex, the dihedral angle between Co–Oμ-OH–O′μ-OH and Co′–Oμ-OH–O′μ-OH planes was ca. 160° and the μ-CO32− plane was perpendicular to each Co–Oμ-OH–μ-O′μ-OH plane. 13C NMR signals of μ-CO32− in these complexes appeared at ca. 170 ppm.
Synthesis of Benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b′]dithiophene/triphenylamine Copolymers: Effects of Substituents on Optical and EL Properties
Authors: Nishide Yosuke , Osuga Hideji , Iwata Kunihiro , Tanaka Kazuhiko , Sakamoto Hidefumi 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b′]dithiophene/triphenylamine copolymers P-2eh (with no methyl substituents) and P-Me and P-2Me (with methyl substituents at triphenylamine sites) were synthesized by Stille coupling reactions. In the ground state, the methyl substituents at the ortho positions to the BDT unit on the triphenylamine (TPA) moiety in P-Me and P-2Me caused twisting of the polymer structure and clearly limited conjugation of the polymer backbones. However, in their excited states, all of these copolymers were shown to have planar structures, and almost the same emission maxima were observed. This result indicates that, in the excited states, π-conjugation of the polymer backbone results in the adoption of a more stable planar structure rather than the twisted structure observed in the ground state. The maximum EL efficiencies of devices based on P-Me and P-2Me were about three times higher than that of P-2eh due to restricted π-stacking/aggregation of the conjugated copolymers in the solid state and improvements in thermal and electrochemical stability.
Analytical Study of Resistance Drift Phenomena on (PANI)xMoO3 Hybrid Thin Films as Gas Sensors
Authors: Itoh Toshio , Matsubara Ichiro , Shin Woosuck , Izu Noriya , Nishibori Maiko 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI)-intercalated MoO3 ((PANI)xMoO3), which is a conventional layered organic/MoO3 hybrid, as a gas sensor has a resistance drift problem, which should be solved in order to realize practical applicable gas sensing devices. In this analytical study, XPS studies reveal that the resistance drift is caused by adsorbing and desorbing oxygen molecules from the atmosphere. The adsorption of enough oxygen molecules by annealing in air at a higher temperature than operating temperature can reduce the resistance drift phenomena.
Studies of the Adsorption of Organic Vapours by Metal Stearates and Their Complexes with Octadecylamine in a Flow Impulse Regime by Piezoquartz Sensor Techniques
Authors: Filippov Aleksei P. , Strizhak Peter E. , Serebry Tamila G. 
Published: October 2008

The adsorption properties of metal (Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+) stearates and their coordination compounds with octadecylamine, as well as those of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been studied by piezoquartz resonator (PQR) sensor techniques in steady flow and flow impulse regimes for vapours of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especially hydrocarbons. It was shown that the adsorption of hydrocarbon homologues onto each of the studied sensor coverings was characterized by a linear dependence between the logarithm of the Henry constant and the boiling points of the corresponding substances. Such individual linear dependencies were observed for a series of alkanes, cyclanes and aromatics. The slopes of these dependencies differed for different sensor coverings. This allowed discrimination between individual hydrocarbon analogues by using these coverings in a PQR sensor array in combination with the proposed flow impulse technique.
A New Sequential Extraction Heuristic for Optimizing the Delivery of Cancer Radiation Treatment Using Multileaf Collimators
Authors: Baatar Davaatseren , Boland Natashia , Johnston Robert , Hamacher Horst W. 
Published: October 2008

Finding a delivery plan for cancer radiation treatment using multileaf collimators operating in “step-and-shoot” mode can be formulated mathematically as a problem of decomposing an integer matrix into a weighted sum of binary matrices having the consecutive-ones property and sometimes other properties related to the collimator technology. The efficiency of the delivery plan is measured by both the sum of the weights in the decomposition, known as the total beam-on time, and the number of different binary matrices appearing in it, referred to as the cardinality, the latter being closely related to the setup time of the treatment. In practice, the total beam-on time is usually restricted to its minimum possible value (which is easy to find), and a decomposition that minimizes cardinality (subject to this restriction) is sought. This decomposition problem is known to be NP-hard, and the best available exact solution methods cannot solve, in reasonable time, problems with dimensions large enough to be of use in actual medical applications. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic. To ensure that the heuristic is computationally efficient, we make use of exact bounds that apply to the decomposition and prove that these bounds can be computed efficiently. We demonstrate that the heuristic performs very well numerically against the best previously published heuristic (that of Kalinowski), reducing the average gap between the cardinality of the solution found and the optimal value by 37% on the largest problems tested (for which optimal solutions could be found). Importantly, this new heuristic performs well on those instances that are problematical for Kalinowski's heuristic. A “best-of” algorithm, combining heuristics, produces a decomposition with cardinality within one of optimal in about 98.7% of instances tested (for which an optimal solution is available). It reduces the cardinality of solutions produced by about 5% on average. On instances for which optimal solutions can be found, it more than halves the optimality gap and finds an optimal solution in about 28% more cases than Kalinowski's heuristic.
Movie Advertising and the Stock Market Valuation of Studios: A Case of “Great Expectations?”
Authors: Joshi Amit M. , Hanssens Dominique M. 
Published: October 2008

Product innovation is the key revenue driver in the motion picture industry. Because major studios typically launch fewer than 20 movies per year, the financial performance of a single release can have a major effect on the studio's profitability. In this paper we study how single movie releases impact the investor valuation of the studio. We analyze the change in postlaunch stock price and predict the direction and magnitude of excess returns based on the revenue expectation built up for a movie release. That expectation is set, in part, by media support; i.e., highly advertised movies are expected to draw larger audiences than others. By using an event-study methodology, we isolate the impact of a movie launch on studio stock price and track the determinants of that change. We examine a comprehensive data set comprising over 300 movies released by the largest studios. Our results indicate a clear interaction between the marketing support received by a movie and the direction and magnitude of its excess stock return post launch. Movies with above average prelaunch advertising have lower postlaunch stock returns than films with below average advertising. Our findings also suggest that movies that are hits at the box office may result in a lowering of stock price if they had high media support because of high performance expectations built up prior to launch. Thus prelaunch advertising plays a dual role of informing consumers about a movie's arrival as well as helping investors form expectations about the studio's profit performance.
The First Optimized Railway Timetable in Practice
Authors: Liebchen Christian 
Published: October 2008

A short time ago, decision support by operations research methods in railway companies was limited to operations planning (e.g., vehicle scheduling, duty scheduling, crew rostering). In effect since December 12, 2004, the 2005 timetable of the Berlin subway is based on the results of mathematical programming techniques. It is the first such service concept that has been put into daily operation. Profiting from these techniques, compared with the previous timetable, the Berlin subway today operates with a timetable that offers shorter passenger waiting times—both at stops and at transfers—and even saves one train. The work is based on a well-established graph model, the periodic event-scheduling problem (Pesp). This model was introduced as early as 1989. Besides describing in detail its first success story in practice, in this paper we also deepen a result on the asymptotic complexity of the Pesp: we provide MAXSNP-hardness proofs of two natural optimization variants.
Emerging Therapies for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections
Authors: Jodlowski Tomasz Z , Lam Sum , Ashby Charles Ft 
Published: October 2008

Objective: To describe emerging therapies, such as levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, rifaximin, tinidazole, doxycycline, minocycline, lactoferrin, and plaunotol for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Data Sources: Relevant information was identified through a search of MEDLINE (1966–July 2008), PubMed (1955–July 2008), American Search Premier (1975–July 2008). International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1960–2008), Science Citation Index Expanded (1996–2008), Cochrane Databases (publications archived until July 2008), and various tertiary sources using the terms Helicobacter pylori, fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifabutin, rifaximin, lactoferrin, plaunotol, tinidazole, doxycycline, minocycline, faropenem, new treatments, refractory, and salvage alone or in combination. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant information was identified and selected based on clinical relevance and value of information. In vitro and in vivo data were included if available. Data Synthesis: Data exist supporting the use of levofloxacin or rifabutin as salvage therapies for H. pylori infection. Levofloxacin triple therapy has been recommended in the current treatment guideline, but more data are needed, especially from studies conducted in the US. A rifabutin-based regimen is better tolerated than conventional quadruple therapy, but its use is limited due to cost, hematologic adverse effects, drug interactions, and predicted development of resistance. Tinidazole appears to be an option, particularly as sequential therapy when combined with other agents; however, its use is limited by the high prevalence ot nitroimidazole-resistant H. pylori strains in the US. Moxifloxacin data are limited. Data supporting the use of rifaximin, doxycycline, and minocycline are lacking or do not show benefit of these drugs over standard treatments. Conclusions: H. pylori infection remains one of the most significant infections worldwide, and treatment failure rate with the current standard therapy continues to rise. Other treatment options should be explored to meet the emerging challenge.
Combination Treatment With a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator q(SARM) and a Bisphosphonate Has Additive Effects in Osteopenic Female Rats
Authors: Vajda Eric G , Hogue Aimee , Griffiths Kimberly N , Chang William Y , Burnett Kelven , Chen Yanling , Marschke Keith , Mais Dale E , Pedram Bijan , Shen Yixing , van Oeveren Arjan , Zhi Lin , López Francisco J , Meglasson Martin D 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecent clinical trials with bisphosphonates and PTH have not supported the hypothesis that combination treatments with antiresorptive and anabolic agents would lead to synergistic activity. We hypothesized that combination treatment with a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), LGD-3303, and a bisphosphonate would be beneficial. In vitro competitive binding and transcriptional activity assays were used to characterize LGD-3303. LGD-3303 is a potent nonsteroidal androgen that shows little or no cross-reactivity with related nuclear receptors. Tissue selective activity of LGD-3303 was assessed in orchidectomized male rats orally administered LGD-3303 for 14 days. LGD-3303 increased the levator ani muscle weight above eugonadal levels but had greatly reduced activity on the prostate, never increasing the ventral prostate weight to &gt;50% of eugonadal levels even at high doses. Ovariectomized female rats were treated with LGD-3303, alendronate, or combination treatment to study the effects on bone. DXA scans, histomorphometry, and biomechanics were performed. LGD-3303 increased muscle weight in females rats. In addition, LGD-3303 increased BMD and BMC at both cortical and cancellous bone sites. At cortical sites, the effects were caused in part by anabolic activity on the periosteal surface. At every measured site, combination treatment was as effective as either single agent and in some cases showed significant added benefit. LGD-3303 is a novel SARM with anabolic effects on muscle and cortical bone not observed with bisphosphonates. Combination therapy with LGD-3303 and alendronate had additive effects and may potentially be a useful therapy for osteoporosis and frailty.