bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic Differences in the Prevalence, Co‐Occurrence, and Correlates of Adolescent Bullying at School
Authors: Carlyle Kellie E , Steinman Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Despite a large literature on bullying, few studies simultaneously examine different dimensions of the phenomenon or consider how they vary by demographic characteristics. As a result, research findings in this area have been inconsistent. This article focuses on 2 dimensions of bullying behaviors—aggression and victimization—and examines demographic variation in their prevalence, co‐occurrence, and association with other health outcomes.Methods:  School‐based surveys were administered to a census of 6th‐12th graders in 16 school districts across a large metropolitan area in the United States (n = 79,492). A 2‐factor scale assessed repeated experiences with bullying aggression and victimization.Results:  Both dimensions of bullying tended to be more common among younger, male, African American and Native American students. There were, however, several exceptions as well as considerable variation in the magnitude of demographic differences. Most youth involved with bullying were either perpetrators or victims, but not both. For example, only 7.4% of all youths were classified as bully/victims. Substance use was more strongly associated with aggression, whereas depressive affect was more strongly associated with victimization.Conclusions:  Researchers should distinguish different dimensions of bullying and consider how they vary by demographic characteristics. In particular, repeated aggression and victimization largely involve different students and may require distinct approaches to prevention.
Calcified tumours of the paranasal sinuses in three horses
Authors: Schaaf KL , Kannegieter NJ , Lovell DK 
Published: October 2007

Three horses, a 10‐year‐old Thoroughbred mare, a 9‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding and a 6‐year‐old Arab gelding, with calcified tumours of the paranasal sinuses, are described. All horses presented with purulent nasal discharges and facial distortion. Exophthalmos, blepharospasm and ocular discharge were also a feature in individual horses. A presumptive diagnosis of a calcified tumour was made on the basis of clinical signs and radiographic and endoscopic findings. The tumours ranged from 15 to 25 cm in diameter. A large frontonasal bone flap was used to expose the tumours, which were cleaved into several pieces with an osteotome and removed. Histological examination of the masses identified cementomas in two cases and an osteoma in the third. Long term follow up from 18 months to 5 years after surgery indicated that there was no recurrence. This case series demonstrates that, although calcified tumours of the paranasal sinuses are rare in horses, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of purulent nasal discharge, facial swelling and ocular distortion, and are amenable to surgical treatment.
Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus infections in light bodyweight Merino lambs
Authors: McClure SJ , Emery DL 
Published: October 2007

Objective   To show that low bodyweight is a predisposing cause of high Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus burdens and egg counts in Merino lambs.Design   A comparison was made, among lambs of different bodyweights, on the effect on immunity of a primary or secondary viable infection with T colubriformis or H contortus larvae.Procedure   Sixty‐one Merino lambs, 1 or 6 months of age, were penned indoors and given primary, or both primary and secondary, infection of T colubriformis or H contortus. Faecal egg counts, worm counts and parasite‐specific immunoglobulin concentrations were examined for their relationships with bodyweight.Results   Bodyweight at the start of a primary infection was correlated with worm burden, worm fecundity and jejunal IgA antibody concentration. Merino lambs weighing less than 23 kg at the time of first exposure to T colubriformis or H contortus had impaired ability to develop protective mucosal immunity and to resist homologous challenge.Conclusion   If the goal is to ensure that lambs develop immunity before weaning, then every endeavour should be made to achieve the combination of critical bodyweight and exposure to moderate levels of nematode infection as soon as possible.
Salmonella Typhimurium persistence in a Hunter Valley dairy herd
Authors: Vanselow BA , Hum S , Hornitzky MA , Eamens GJ , Quinn K 
Published: October 2007

Objective  An epidemiological study was undertaken at a Hunter Valley dairy with persistent Salmonella Typhimurium infection. The aim of the study was to identify cattle currently or previously infected with Salmonella, possible sources of the organism, patterns of spread, and husbandry practices that could be improved.Methodology  Faecal samples, feed, water and environmental samples were cultured for Salmonella and blood samples were tested for antibodies against Salmonella (Dublin and Typhimurium). A questionnaire was designed to identify possible risk factors associated with Salmonella excretion.Results  S Typhimurium was apparently introduced from an old to a new dairy through manure spread as fertiliser. Salmonella apparently persisted in the effluent pond, and the following year clinical cases occurred after pasture, irrigated with water from the pond, was grazed by dry cows, and adult cattle became clinically ill with salmonellosis. The disease spread to other cows and calves. Poor design of calf pens assisted spread of Salmonella from sick to healthy calves. In addition, there was suspected transmission to the dairy farmer's 9‐month‐old daughter. Salmonellosis on a farm is a potential zoonotic risk to farm workers and their families. There is also the risk that cull cows may carry Salmonella to the abattoir and subsequently into the human food chain. Methods of waste management, and the design of calf pens, were identified as major risk factors that could be improved to minimise the spread of salmonellosis on this property.
Occurrence and risk factors of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic sensitisation in rural and urban Mongolia
Authors: Viinanen Arja 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction:  The prevalence of atopic diseases varies widely throughout the world. The increase in the risk of these types of diseases has been associated with a western lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of environment and lifestyle changes on the risk of atopy in Mongolia, a country in transition between nomadic and western lifestyles.Objective:  To study the prevalence and risk factors of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic sensitisation in Mongolia in areas with different levels of urbanisation: villages, rural towns and Ulaanbaatar city.Materials and Methods:  In the screening study, questionnaire data were obtained from 9453 subjects aged 10–60 years. In the clinical study, a subsample of 869 subjects (participation rate 50.0%), enriched with symptomatic subjects, was examined. A detailed questionnaire‐based interview, clinical examination, skin‐prick tests, spirometry, and bronchodilation tests or methacholine challenge tests were carried out. Asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic sensitisation were defined by the clinical examination. The results were related to the population level using sampling weights. The prevalence rates were evaluated in the villages, rural towns and Ulaanbaatar city. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used for the investigation of risk factors.Results:  The prevalence rate of current asthma was low, 1.1%–2.4%, depending on the study area. The prevalence rate of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was high in relation to the prevalence rate of asthma, but low compared internationally, 9.3%–18.4%. The prevalence rate of allergic sensitisation was 13.6%–31.0%. The prevalence rates were lowest in the villages. A significant increase was seen in the prevalence rates of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic sensitisation with increasing exposure to town environment in analyses of current place of residence and also in analyses considering relocation from rural to urban areas. Keeping herd animals did not explain the protective effect of living in a village, but exposure to both herd animals and to dung heating was associated with a reduced risk for allergic sensitisation and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Keeping animals was a risk factor for asthma in the city, but not in the rural areas.Conclusions:  The prevalence rate of atopic disorders was low in rural Mongolia, but it increased with increasing urbanisation. Moving from a village to a town increased the risk of atopy, but the risk was highest among those living in a town since birth. An environment with exposure to dung heating and herd animals protected against atopy in rural Mongolia, which suggests the importance of exposure to environmental microbes for protection.
Blau syndrome‐associated mutations in exon 4 of the caspase activating recruitment domain 15 (CARD 15) gene are not found in ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis
Authors: Milman Nils , Nielsen Finn Cilius , Hviid Thomas Vauvert F. , Van Overeem Hansen Thomas 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground:  Distinct mutations of the caspase activating recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene (also known as nucleotide‐binding oligomerisation domain protein 2) on chromosome 16q are associated with the chronic granulomatous disease called Blau syndrome. Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease, which has features in common with Blau syndrome.Aim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis have CARD15 mutations associated with Blau syndrome.Methods:  Analysis of exon 4 of the CARD15 gene containing mutations associated with Blau syndrome was performed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of genomic DNA from 52 patients with histologically verified sarcoidosis.Results:  None of the patients had mutations in CARD15 associated with Blau syndrome. Eight other variations were found in exon 4: single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)6 in 40% of the 104 alleles examined, SNP7 in 26%, c. 1833 C > T and SNP8 in 4%, c. 2107 C > T in 2%, and c. 931 C > T, c. 1292 C > T and c. 2377 G > A in 1%. One variation was found in intron 4 (IVS4 + 10 A > C) in 3% of the alleles. The frequencies of the variations in sarcoidosis patients were not statistically significant compared with frequencies in a control group of 103 healthy subjects. The course of disease was not significantly different in patients with or without variations in CARD15 or in the 46 patients with SNP6 and/or SNP7.Conclusions:  Danish sarcoidosis patients have frequent variations in CARD15 exon 4, but do not present any mutation associated with Blau syndrome. The variations found had no influence on the course of disease.Please cite this paper as: Milman N, Nielsen FC, Hviid TVF and van Overeem Hansen T. Blau syndrome‐associated mutations in exon 4 of the caspase activating recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene are not found in ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2007; 1: 74–79.
Four‐Year Cost‐Utility Analyses of Sealed and Nonsealed First Permanent Molars in Iowa Medicaid‐Enrolled Children
Authors: Bhuridej Patita , Kuthy Raymond A. , Flach Stephen D. , Heller Keith E. , Dawson Deborah V. , Kanellis Michael J. , Damiano Peter C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectives:Dental sealants, by their ability to prevent caries and maintain teeth in better health, have some inherent utility to individuals, programs, or society. This study assessed the 4‐year incremental cost utility of sealing first permanent molars of 6‐year‐old Iowa Medicaid enrollees from a societal perspective and identified the group of teeth or children in whom sealants are most cost effective.Methods:Dental services for first permanent molars were assessed using claims and encounter data for a group of continuously enrolled Medicaid enrollees who turned 6 between 1996 and 1999. Previously published utilities were used to weight the different health states. The weighted sum of outcomes [Quality‐Adjusted Tooth‐Years (QATYs)] was the measure of effectiveness. Costs and QATYs were discounted to the time of the child’s sixth birthday.Results:For all first molars, the cost of treatment associated with sealed teeth was higher but the utility was also slightly higher over the 4‐year period. The relative incremental cost per 0.19 QATY ratio [changing the health state from a restored tooth (utility=0.81) to a nonrestored tooth (utility=1)] by sealing the molar ranged from$36.7 to$83.5 per 0.19 QATY. The incremental cost/QATY ratio was lower for sealing lower utilizers and for mandibular versus maxillary molars.Conclusions:Sealants improved overall utility of first permanent molars after 4 years. The 4‐year cost/QATY ratio of sealing the first permanent molar varied by arch and type of utilizers. Sealing first permanent molars in lower dental utilizers is the most cost‐effective approach for prioritizing limited resources.
A Comparison of Dental Treatment Utilization and Costs by HMO Members Living in Fluoridated and Nonfluoridated Areas
Authors: Maupomé Gerardo , Gullion Christina M. , Peters Dawn , Little Sally Jo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectives:To compare dental treatment experiences and costs in members of a health maintenance organization (HMO) in areas with and without community water fluoridation.Methods:HMO members with continuous dental eligibility (January 1, 1990 to December 31, 1995) who resided in Oregon and Washington were identified using administrative databases. Fluoridation status was determined by geocoding subscriber address. Measures were utilization of dental procedures, fluoride dispensings, and associated costs. Costs were based on nonmember fees, adjusted to 1995 dollar values. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance, controlling for age and interactions.Results:About 85 percent of eligible members (n = 51,683) were classified as residing either in a fluoridated (n = 12,194) or nonfluoridated (n = 39,489) area. Mean age was 40.0 years; 52.3 percent were women. More than 92 percent of members had one or more dental visits. Community water fluoridation was associated with reduced total and restorative costs among members with one or more visits, but the magnitude and direction of the effect varied with locale and age and the effects were generally small. In two locales, the cost of restorations was higher in nonfluoridated areas in young people (<age 18) and older adults (>age 58). In younger adults, the opposite effect was observed. The impact of fluoridation may be attenuated by higher use of preventive procedures, in particular supplemental fluorides, in the nonfluoridated areas.Conclusions:These results are particularly relevant to insured populations with established access to dental care. Differences in treatment costs (savings) associated with water fluoridation should be estimated and included in future cost‐effectiveness analyses of community water fluoridation.
Jephthah's Daughter as Object of Desire or Feminist Icon
Authors: Sjöberg Mikael 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe narrative of Jephthah and his daughter (Judg. 10:6-12:7) has inspired approximately five hundred artistic treatments throughout history. In this article, I investigate two works of fiction from the twentieth century: Richardt Gandrup's Jeftas Datter (1922) and Naomi Ragen's Jephte's Daughter (1989). My main purpose is to see how these pieces of literature deal with the issue of violence by engaging in dialogue with the biblical tradition. On the basis of a narratological analysis, I discuss these works in terms of their strategies for interpreting the biblical text and of their impact on society.
Latecomers: Four Novelists Rewrite the Bible
Authors: Swindell Anthony 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis essay examines the use of biblical stories as sourcetexts in four novels: David Maine's Fallen, Howard Jacobson's The Very Model of a Man, Muriel Spark's The Only Problem, and Gloria Naylor's Bailey's Café. While each goes about its business of rewriting the biblical story in relation to a particular contemporary agenda or concern (American consumerism, the crisis of theism, the viability of happy endings in fiction, the revolt against patriarchy), they have in common a sense of lateness which they ironically project onto the biblical urtext. A sense of lateness is typical of modern and postmodern rewritings of ancient narratives and indeed is a characteristic of late-twentieth and early-twenty-first century literary consciousness. By turning the biblical story into a latecomer, the four novelists simultaneously free themselves from deference to a story deemed sacred in Western culture and pay homage to its indispensability as a platform. Rewritings of this kind are of value both as a reality-test for pro-theological readings of the Bible and, by their very existence, as a barometer of interest in the Bible among the general reading (or cinema-going) public.
The Big Sleep: Strategic Ambiguity in Judges 4-5 and in Classic film noir
Authors: Christianson Eric 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAmbiguity is a driving force of the narrative world of film noir. It is expressed through unconventional characterization as well as innovative and excessive visual and narrative techniques. Through all of the gaps and unanswered questions film noir poses, viewers are engaged in an intellectually demanding process. The book of Judges makes similar demands of its readers and shares a number of the concerns found in film noir, such as: anxiety over constructs of masculinity and normality, interest in ritualized violence, fetishization of women, existential deliberation over character, resignation to the fate of the individual (and by extension the nation), withering acknowledgment of the façade of material progress—all expressed with indeterminate narrative modes that frustrate attempts at making meaning. My argument in particular is that film noir and the Jael episode (Judg. 4; 5:24–31) share a remarkably similar rhetoric of ambiguity, and that examination of their correspondences, by an evidence-based comparison, can lead to fruitful hypothesis regarding the social context from which the Judges stories emerged.
Pathogenicity of two Pratylenchus coffeae populations from Brazil on coffee plants
Authors: Inomoto Mario M. , Kubo Roberto K. , Silva Rosangela A. , Oliveira Claudio M.G. , Tomazini Melissa D. , Mazzafera Paulo 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
There is limited information on the influence of Pratylenchus coffeae on the
growth and development of coffee plants, in spite of the widespread
occurrence of this nematode in coffee plantations. In addition, populations
of P. coffeae vary in morphological and molecular features, as well as
reproductive fitness and pathological potential. The objective of the
present study was to compare the pathogenicity of two Brazilian P. coffeae
populations, K5 from Coffea arabica roots and M2 from Aglaonema sp. roots,
in terms of their influence on the plant growth and photosynthesis of
Arabian coffee (C. arabica). Five experiments were conducted in controlled
conditions, and the results demonstrated that K5 is pathogenic on coffee, as
it can reproduce and causes obvious damage on the plant. Moreover K5 proved
to be very virulent on Arabian coffee, considering its effects on seedling
mortality, plant growth and photosynthesis. By contrast, M2 was considered
to be of low virulence, or even non-pathogenic, on coffee because it failed
to reproduce. Thus, the results indicate that K5 and M2 may be distinct
species, supporting the hypothesis of previous authors.
Host status of green manures for two isolates of Pratylenchus brachyurus in Brazil
Authors: Machado Andressa C.Z. , Motta Luis C.C. , de Siqueira Kércya M.S. , Ferraz Luiz C.C.B. , Inomoto Mário M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Due to the complexity of management of plant-parasitic nematodes in cash
crops, the use of non-chemical methods, such as rotation with green manures,
has increased in recent years. However, data about the host status of green
manures for lesion nematodes are scarce. Thus, two glasshouse trials were
carried out to evaluate the host status of some green manures for two
isolates of Pratylenchus brachyurus, a root-lesion nematode often found
attacking soybean, maize and cotton in Brazil. Green manures tested were
pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) cultivars Fava Larga and Iapar 43, Crotalaria
juncea, C. spectabilis, C. mucronata, C. breviflora, C. ochroleuca, C.
paulina, velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) cvs Black, Dwarf and Gray. Soybean cv.
Pintado and French marigold (Tagetes patula) were included as standard good
and poor hosts for P. brachyurus. In a separate glasshouse experiment, a
naturally infested soil was used to evaluate the suitability of two green
manures to P. brachyurus in comparison with two gramineaceous cover crops.
In addition, morphometric studies were carried out with the two isolates of
P. brachyurus used in experiments in order to confirm the species. Among the
11 green manures tested, at least two, C. spectabilis and C. breviflora, can
be useful as rotation crops to reduce population densities of P. brachyurus,
irrespective of the origin of the nematode. By contrast, all velvetbean
cultivars and C. juncea must be avoided in infested areas as they are good
hosts for the nematode.
The effect of sandy soil, bacterium dose and time on the efficacy of Pasteuria penetrans to control Meloidogyne incognita race 1 on coffee
Authors: Carneiro Regina M.D.G. , de Mesquita Luiz F.G. , Cirotto Pedro A.S. , Mota Fabiane C. , Almeida Maria Ritta A. , Cordeiro Maria Célia 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
An obligate parasite bacterium of the root-knot nematode, Pasteuria penetrans
strain P10, isolated from Meloidogyne incognita females on banana roots in
Imperatriz Maranhão State, Brazil, was evaluated in glasshouse conditions,
using two doses of a dry root bionematicide (107 endospores (5.0 g/seedling)
and 106 endospores (0.5 g/seedling)) on seedlings of cv. Mundo Novo coffee.
The soil in which coffee seedlings were raised was inoculated previously
with these two doses of P. penetrans and after 2 months the plants were
transferred to soils of different textures: clay-sandy soil (38% clay, 2%
silt and 60% sand) and sandy soil (17% clay, 0% silt and 83% sand). When the
coffee plants were 30 cm high, they were inoculated with 20 000 eggs/plant
of M. incognita race 1. The coffee plants were examined 8, 16 and 24 months
after nematode plant infestation. The effectiveness of the biological
control was determined by the reduction of nematode reproduction factor,
which ranged from 62 to 67% in clay-sandy soil and 80 to 85% in sandy soil.
The mechanism of suppression caused by the bacterium was evaluated by the
percentage of infected second-stage juveniles (J2), number of endospores
attached/J2 and number of infected females. The high levels of suppression
were related to time, increasing from 8 to 24 months, and to the percentage
of sand in the soil.