bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OSPACS: Ultrasound image management system
Authors: Stott Will , Ryan Andy , Jacobs Ian J , Menon Usha , Bessant Conrad , Jones Christopher 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

Background
Ultrasound scanning uses the medical imaging format, DICOM, for electronically storing the images and data associated with a particular scan. Large health care facilities typically use a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) for storing and retrieving such images. However, these systems are usually not suitable for managing large collections of anonymized ultrasound images gathered during a clinical screening trial.

Results
We have developed a system enabling the accurate archiving and management of ultrasound images gathered during a clinical screening trial. It is based upon a Windows application utilizing an open-source DICOM image viewer and a relational database. The system automates the bulk import of DICOM files from removable media by cross-validating the patient information against an external database, anonymizing the data as well as the image, and then storing the contents of the file as a field in a database record. These image records may then be retrieved from the database and presented in a tree-view control so that the user can select particular images for display in a DICOM viewer or export them to external media.

Conclusion
This system provides error-free automation of ultrasound image archiving and management, suitable for use in a clinical trial. An open-source project has been established to promote continued development of the system.
Performance measures of the illiterate E-chart vision-screening test used in Northern District Israeli school children
Authors: Ore Liora , Garzozi Hanna J , Tamir Ada , Stein Nili , Cohen-Dar Michal 
Published: June 2008

Objectives To evaluate the screening performance of 6/6 and 6/12 vision cut-offs with an illiterate E-chart implemented by a public health nurse to test children for ocular abnormalities and uncorrected refractive error. The gold standard diagnosis is an eye examination performed by an ophthalmologist. Setting A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted among 2113 students' ages 6–7 and 13–14 years old in 70 Northern District Israeli schools. Methods Students were tested by nurses and ophthalmologists. A nurse examination was carried out using the illiterate E-chart for vision measurement. The medical examination included vision history, clinical eye examination, vision and retinoscopy testing. The Physician's evaluation of whether students needed a referral for diagnostic procedures, treatment and/or follow-up was recorded. Screening test's performance was determined using ophthalmologist's decision regarding referral as the gold standard. Detection rate (DR), false-positive rate (FPR), odds affected positive result (OAPR), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were estimated overall and by students' demographic characteristics. Results For vision >6/6 cut-off in at least one eye (eyes tested separately): DR – 71.9% (95% CI 65.8–78.7%), FPR – 22.8% (95% CI 17.9–28.9%), OAPR – 0.98:1 (95% CI 0.84:1–1.15:1), PPV – 52.7% (95% CI 45.4–61.2%), NPV – 90.9% (95% CI 88.7–93.1%). For 6/12 vision cut-off, namely vision 6/12 or worse in both eyes (tested separately): DR – 58.6 (95% CI 51.8–66.4%), FPR – 15.2% (95% CI 10.9–21.1%), OAPR – 1.13:1 (95% CI 0.94:1–1.35:1), PPV – 61.1% (95% CI 52.9–70.6%), NPV – 87.6% (95% CI 84.9–90.4%). Conclusions Vision-screening test performance measures are mild. It is suggested to change vision cut-off level that denotes vision abnormality from current policy of vision not equal 6/6 in both eyes (tested separately) to vision 6/12 or worse in both eyes (tested separately). This change will result in reduction of FPR from 22% to 15%, concomitant with an increase in false-negative rate from 28% to 41%. Students may be equally screened by either a senior or a less experienced nurse.
The Role of Targeted Communication and Contagion in Product Adoption
Authors: Manchanda Puneet , Xie Ying , Youn Nara 
Published: June 2008

The two main influences leading to adoption at the individual consumer level are marketing communication and interpersonal communication. Although evidence of the effect of these two influences is abundant at the market level, there is a paucity of research documenting the simultaneous effect of both influences at the individual consumer level. Thus, the primary objective of this paper is to fill the gap in the literature by documenting the existence and magnitude of both influences at the individual customer level while controlling for unobserved temporal effects. The pharmaceutical industry provides an appropriate context to study this problem. It has been conjectured that adoption and usage patterns of a new drug by physicians—“contagion”—acts as a “consumption externality,” as it allows a given physician to learn about the efficacy and use of the drug. In addition, pharmaceutical companies target individual physicians via marketing activities such as detailing, sampling, and direct-to-consumer advertising. Our data contain the launch of a new drug from an important drug category. We chose two unrelated markets (Manhattan and Indianapolis) for our empirical analysis. We model an individual physician's decision to adopt a new drug in a given time period as a binary choice decision. This decision is modeled as a function of temporal trends (linear and quadratic) and individual physician-level contagion and marketing activity (both individual level and market level). Our contagion measure aggregates the adoption behavior of geographically near physicians for each physician in our sample. Our results from the Manhattan market indicate that both targeted communication and contagion have an effect on the individual physician's adoption decision. A major challenge is to rule out alternative explanations for the detected contagion effect. We therefore carry out a series of tests and show that this effect persists even after we control for the effects of time, individual salespeople, other marketing instruments, local market effects, and the effects of some institutional factors. We believe that our contagion effect arises because the consumption externality is stronger for geographically close physicians. We discuss some underlying processes that are probably giving rise to the contagion effect we detected. Finally, we compute the social multiplier of marketing and find it to be about 11%. We also use the estimated parameters to compare the relative effect of contagion and targeted marketing. We find that marketing plays a large (relative) role in affecting early adoption. However, the role of contagion dominates from month 4 onward and, by month 17 (or about half the duration of our data), asymptotes to about 90% of the effect.
Multisystemic Therapy for Adolescents With Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ellis Deborah , Naar-King Sylvie , Templin Thomas , Frey Maureen , Cunningham Phillippe , Sheidow Ashli , Cakan Nedim , Idalski April 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—The study aim was to determine if multisystemic therapy (MST), an intensive home-based psychotherapy, could reduce hospital admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in youth with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes over 24 months. Potential cost savings from reductions in admissions were also evaluated.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 127 youth were randomly assigned to MST or control groups and also received standard medical care.
RESULTS—Youth who received MST had significantly fewer hospital admissions than control subjects (χ2 = 11.77, 4 d.f., n = 127; P = 0.019). MST-treated youth had significantly fewer admissions versus their baseline rate at 6-month (P = 0.004), 12-month (P = 0.021), 18-month (P = 0.046), and 24-month follow-up (P = 0.034). Cost to provide MST was 6,934 USD per youth; however, substantial cost offsets occurred from reductions in DKA admissions.
CONCLUSIONS—The study demonstrates the value of intensive behavioral interventions for high-risk youth with diabetes for reducing one of the most serious consequences of medication noncompliance.
Wolfram Syndrome (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness)
Authors: d'Annunzio Giuseppe , Minuto Nicola , D'Amato Elena , de Toni Teresa , Lombardo Fortunato , Pasquali Lorenzo , Lorini Renata 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Wolfram syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by diabetes insipidus, diabetes (nonautoimmune), optic atrophy, and deafness (a set of conditions referred to as DIDMOAD). The WFS1 gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 4. Wolfram syndrome prevalence is 1 in 770,000 live births, with a 1 in 354 carrier frequency.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We evaluated six Italian children from five unrelated families. Genetic analysis for Wolfram syndrome was performed by PCR amplification and direct sequencing.
RESULTS—Mutation screening revealed five distinct variants, one novel mutation (c.1346C&gt;T; p.T449I) and four previously described, all located in exon 8.
CONCLUSIONS—Phenotype-genotype correlation is difficult, and the same mutation gives very different phenotypes. Severely inactivating mutations result in a more severe phenotype than mildly inactivating ones. Clinical follow-up showed the progressive syndrome's seriousness.
Handling Religious Diversity: The Case of "Holy/Rest Days" in Italy
Authors: Faitini Tiziana , Povino Alessandroantonio 
Published: June 2008

Handling Religious Diversity: The Case of "Holy/Rest Days" in Italy
The accommodation of a plurality of values within the same institutional framework is one of the main challenges with which contemporary democracies have been persistently confronted. This challenge has recently gained strength even in such traditionally homogeneous countries as Italy, as a consequence of an increase in the number of residents committed to diverse religious beliefs. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on the case of requests for the legal recognition of religion-specific holy/rest days in Italy. The analysis of such a case will disclose—or so we believe—some valuable pointers as to how democratic societies could try to accommodate religious diversity in a way that is both respectful of the specificities of each religious group and compatible with the typically liberal commitment to the safeguard of individual freedom.
Behind the Limes: On the Quest for an Eastern Dimension of European Identity
Authors: Hocman Juraj 
Published: June 2008

Behind the Limes: On the Quest for an Eastern Dimension of European Identity
Although the integration processes in Western Europe have been studied for decades, the idea of European identity as a specific area of scholarship is relatively new. This interest coincides with fundamental changes that have occurred in Europe since 1989 and that may impact the internal coherence of the enlarged European Union. Over the past decades, the East-West dichotomy has been magnified due to the impact of Communism in the East, which exacerbated an already existent sense in the West of Eastern Europe's primordial otherness. Since four decades of Communism in East Central and Southern Europe produced only two, or at most, three generations that were raised and lived under a totalitarian regime, a long-term historical perspective is essential for a better understanding of the mutual estrangement. The paper examines the origins and key moments in the alienation of Eastern and Western Europe as reflected in ancient, medieval and modern history. It focuses on the present stage of perception of East Central Europe in the West. In the final part, it identifies societal values that may re-generate socio-cultural cohesiveness aimed at filling the gap between the two parts of Europe.
Direct Access to Physical Therapy in the Netherlands: Results From the First Year in Community-Based Physical Therapy
Authors: Leemrijse Chantal J , Swinkels Ilse CS , Veenhof Cindy 
Published: June 2008

BackgroundIn 2006, direct access to physical therapy was introduced in the Netherlands. Before this policy measure, evaluation and treatment by a physical therapist were only possible following referral by a physician.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to investigate how many patients use direct access and to establish whether these patients have a different profile than referred patients.MethodsElectronic health care data from the National Information Service for Allied Health Care (LiPZ), a nationally representative registration network of 93 Dutch physical therapists working in 43 private practices, were used.ResultsIn 2006, 28% of the patients seen by a physical therapist came by direct access. Patients with non–further-specified back problems, patients with nonspecific neck complaints, and higher-educated patients were more likely to refer themselves to a physical therapist, as were patients with health problems lasting for less than 1 month. Younger patients made more use of direct access. In addition, patients with recurring complaints more often referred themselves, as did patients who had received earlier treatment by a physical therapist. Patients with direct access received fewer treatment sessions. Compared with 2005, there was no increase in the number of patients visiting a physical therapist.LimitationsData came only from physical therapists working on general conditions in general practices. Severity of complaints is not reported.ConclusionsA large, specific group of patients utilized self-referral, but the total number of patients seen by a physical therapist remained the same. In the future, it is important to evaluate the consequences of direct access, both on quality aspects and on cost-effectiveness.
Men who target women: specificity of target, generality of aggressive behavior
Authors: Anderson Craig A. , Anderson Kathryn B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwo studies examined the effects of individual differences identified by the Confluence Model of aggression against women [Malamuth Linz, Hevey et al., 1995] and the General Aggression Model [GAM: Anderson and Carnagey, 2004] as predictors of male‐on‐female aggression. Study 1, a correlational study, found that hostile masculinity predicts self‐reported sexual aggression independently of nonsexual aggression against women, and is itself predicted by proneness to general hostility, masculine gender role stress, and violent attitudes toward women. Furthermore, hostility toward women independently predicted sexual and nonsexual aggression against women, above the effects of general attitudes toward violence and general levels of hostility and aggression. Study 2, an experimental study, found that under high provocation, high hostility toward women predicted increases in male nonsexual aggression against women and slight decreases in male aggression against men. This effect remained significant even after controlling for general attitudes toward violence and for general levels of hostility and aggression, indicating that males who are highly hostile toward women specifically target women and that their aggression toward women generalizes beyond sexual aggression. The findings are discussed in terms of a model that integrates the Confluence Model with GAM. Aggr. Behav. 34:605–622, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization of the foaming mechanism of polyethylene blown by chemical blowing agents under ambient pressure
Authors: Pop‐Iliev Remon , Dong Ning , Xu Donglai , Park Chul B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUnderstanding the fundamental mechanisms that govern the foaming process is the most essential universal prerequisite for developing effective processing strategies for fabricating high‐quality foamed plastic products using any type of foaming technology. Despite chemically blown foaming of thermoplastics under atmospheric pressure has been successfully implemented in rotational foam molding over the last decade, the related open literature does not provide substantial research addressing the fundamentals of this unique foaming mechanism. The present study focuses on clarifying the fundamental foaming mechanisms that govern the successful manufacture of thermoplastic foams using a chemical blowing agent under low‐pressure (atmospheric) conditions. The presented research is mainly based on observing a series of visualization experiments conducted using a custom‐made visualization system including an optical microscope and a computerized CCD camera imaging system, which was utilized for investigating the behavior of foamable polyethylene samples prepared by using the compression‐molding method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 26:213–222, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20102
UV‐curing of acrylate thin films onto Al2O3 particles via free‐radical polymerization
Authors: Feng Jianxin , Lu Chunmeng , Zhu Linjie , Wang Peng , Tan Victor , Zhang Qi , Teng Shuli , Patel Subhash H. , Young Ming‐Wan , Gogos Costas G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe UV curing of ultrathin films of acrylates on Al2O3 particles has been studied by using photodifferential scanning calorimetry (photo‐DSC). Effects on curing of the chemical structure of the monomers, thickness of the films, type of initiators, and the presence of oxygen were investigated. Results show that photopolymerization of ultrathin films on the particle surface is much more sensitive to oxygen poisoning than the thick films on flat surfaces, and the conversion of monomers depends on the types of monomers and initiators selected. When alpha hydroxyl ketones (Esacure KIP100F) were used as photoinitiators, the final double‐bond conversions of both difunctional and trifunctional monomers can only reach up to 10% in the presence of air. The curing kinetics of monomers on particles in either air or nitrogen at the early stages of polymerization can be well fitted with calculations based on the quasi‐steady‐state assumption. Esacure 1001M, a sulfur‐containing benzophenone, has been used together with 2‐ethylhexyl‐4‐dimethylamino benzoate (Esacure EHA) as the initiating system to combat the oxygen‐poisoning effect. It was found that this system is much more effective than Esacure KIP100F in achieving high conversions of monomers in the presence of oxygen. This has been further demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 26:272–283, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20108
Gray matter atrophy is related to long‐term disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fisniku Leonora K. , Chard Declan T. , Jackson Jonathan S. , Anderson Valerie M. , Altmann Daniel R. , Miszkiel Katherine A. , Thompson Alan J. , Miller David H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the relation of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) brain volumes, and WM lesion load, with clinical outcomes 20 years after first presentation with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsSeventy‐three patients were studied a mean of 20 years from first presentation with a clinically isolated syndrome (33 of whom developed relapsing‐remitting MS and 11 secondary‐progressive MS, with the rest experiencing no further definite neurological events), together with 25 healthy control subjects. GM and WM volumetric measures were obtained from three‐dimensional T1‐weighted brain magnetic resonance images using Statistical Parametric Mapping 2.ResultsSignificant GM (p < 0.001) and WM atrophy (p = 0.001) was seen in MS patients compared with control subjects. There was significantly more GM, but not WM atrophy, in secondary‐progressive MS versus relapsing‐remitting MS (p = 0.003), and relapsing‐remitting MS versus clinically isolated syndrome (p < 0.001). GM, but not WM, fraction correlated with expanded disability status scale (rs = −0.48; p < 0.001) and MS Functional Composite scores (rs = 0.59; p < 0.001). WM lesion load correlated with GM (rs = −0.63; p < 0.001), but not with WM fraction. Regression modeling indicated that the GM fraction explained more of the variability in clinical measures than did WM lesion load.InterpretationIn MS patients with a relatively long and homogeneous disease duration, GM atrophy is more marked than WM atrophy, and reflects disease subtype and disability to a greater extent than WM atrophy or lesions. Ann Neurol 2008
Lewis Base Catalyzed 1,3‐Dithiane Addition to Carbonyl and Imino Compounds Using 2‐Trimethylsilyl‐1,3‐dithiane
Authors: Michida Makoto , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLewis base‐catalyzed 1,3‐dithiane addition to electrophiles such as carbonyl compounds and N‐substituted aldimines with 2‐trimethylsilyl‐1,3‐dithiane (TMS‐dithiane) is described. By the activation of the carbon‐silicon bond in the presence of a Lewis base catalyst such as tetrabutylammonium phenoxide (PhONnBu4), a 1,3‐dithiane addition reaction proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding adducts in good to high yields under mild conditions. This synthesis is also applied to the reactions of ketones having α‐protons, and of N‐substituted aldimines.
Biomimetic Iron‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Aromatic Alkenes by Using Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Gelalcha Feyissa Gadissa , Anilkumar Gopinathan , Tse Man Kin , Brückner Angelika , Beller Matthias 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA novel and general biomimetic non‐heme Fe‐catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation of aromatic alkenes by using hydrogen peroxide is reported herein. The catalyst consists of ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3⋅6 H2O), pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid (H2(pydic)), and readily accessible chiral N‐arenesulfonyl‐N′‐benzyl‐substituted ethylenediamine ligands. The asymmetric epoxidation of styrenes with this system gave high conversions but poor enantiomeric excesses (ee), whereas larger alkenes gave high conversions and ee values. For the epoxidation of trans‐stilbene (1 a), the ligands (S,S)‐N‐(4‐toluenesulfonyl)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine ((S,S)‐4 a) and its N′‐benzylated derivative ((S,S)‐5 a) gave opposite enantiomers of trans‐stilbene oxide, that is, (S,S)‐2 a and (R,R)‐2 a, respectively. The enantioselectivity of alkene epoxidation is controlled by steric and electronic factors, although steric effects are more dominant. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the in situ formation of several chiral Fe‐complexes, such as [FeCl(L*)2(pydic)]⋅HCl (L*=(S,S)‐4 a or (S,S)‐5 a in the catalyst mixture), which were identified by ESIMS. A UV/Vis study of the catalyst mixture, which consisted of FeCl3⋅6 H2O, H2(pydic), and (S,S)‐4 a, suggested the formation of a new species with an absorbance peak at λ=465 nm upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide. With the aid of two independent spin traps, we could confirm by EPR spectroscopy that the reaction proceeds via radical intermediates. Kinetic studies with deuterated styrenes showed inverse secondary kinetic isotope effects, with values of kH/kD=0.93 for the β carbon and kH/kD=0.97 for the α carbon, which suggested an unsymmetrical transition state with stepwise O transfer. Competitive epoxidation of para‐substituted styrenes revealed a linear dual‐parameter Hammett plot with a slope of 1.00. Under standard conditions, epoxidation of 1 a in the presence of ten equivalents of H218O resulted in an absence of the isotopic label in (S,S)‐2 a. A positive nonlinear effect was observed during the epoxidation of 1 a in the presence of (S,S)‐5 a and (R,R)‐5 a.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of CeRu0.88In2.
Authors: Murashova E. V. , Tursina A. I. , Kurenbaeva Zh. M. , Gribanov A. V. , Seropegin Yu. D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.