bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Somatotopic features of the collagen skeleton of the knee meniscus in men
Authors: Russkikh A. N. , Shabokha A. D. , Kasimov V. I. , Yaremin B. I. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance. The structural features of the collagen skeleton, including constitutional ones, suggest the ability of the menisci to withstand excessive mechanical stress and injury.Purpose – to study the differences in the collagen skeleton of the knee menisci in male corpses of different types of sexual dimorphism according to J. Tanner.Materials and methods. The menisci of the knee joints (medial and lateral) from the corpses of 84 men aged 22–74 years of different types of sexual dimorphism according to J. Tanner were studied. Microslides of the menisci at the level of the body, anterior and posterior horns, stained according to the method of K. Masson, were made. The location is described and the percentage of collagen fibers of the fibrous cartilage of the menisci of the knee joints with surrounding formations per unit area of unchanged cartilage tissue at the level of the horns and body of the menisci is calculated.Results. The collagen fibers of the body of both menisci of men are located in parallel, forming the central, upper and lower middle and superficial layers. In the horns, collagen fibers are located chaotically, which leads to “smoothing” of the boundaries. A minimal amount of collagen was found in the central layer of both horns and the body of the meniscus compared to the superficial layers. The maximum values of the percentage of collagen in the central layer are characteristic of the body, the minimum – for the posterior horn of the menisci. Low percentages of collagen in the dorsal horn are due to the andromorphic type.Conclusion. The andromorphic type of sexual dimorphism according to J. Tanner in men is a predisposition factor to damage to the menisci of the knee joints.
The relationship between the indicators of spectral analysis of heart rate variability and sociopsychological adaptation to work load in people with disabilities
Authors: Nagovitsyna E. A. , Vasilyeva N. N. 
Published: April 2024

Taking into account social, psychological and physiological factors, the labor impact on the human body with disabilities requires the activation of adaptive mechanisms, which in this category has features related to the specifics of the state of health.The purpose of the work is to identify the features of the dynamics of psychophysiological adaptation in disabled people in the course of work.Materials and methods. Hart rate variability indicators, socio-psychological adaptation and stress sensitivity of 130 disabled people were monitored before and after completing work practice at the Center Labor Rehabilitation and Habilitation.Results. The analysis of data depending on the group, category of disability, gender, age and disabling disease revealed the features of adaptive activity of each group of the study, as well as threshold values of psychoemotional indicators relative to the tension of regulatory systems.
The relationship between the adaptive potential of the cardiovascular system and some psychophysiological personality properties in medical students
Authors: Pavlova O. N. , Budaev A. I. , Gromova D. S. , Pavlenko S. I. , Makarova-Gorbacheva E. V. , Ivashchenko A. V. 
Published: April 2024

Adaptive potential is an important indicator of the efficiency of the cardiovascular system. A possible cause of tension in adaptation processes may be situational anxiety, while the question of predictors of its occurrence and its impact on the cognitive abilities of medical students remains incompletely studied.Purpose of the work: to study the relationship between indicators of adaptation of the cardiovascular system and the level of situational anxiety, as well as to analyze individual parameters of attention and social intelligence among second-year medical university students.Object and methods. The study assessed the state of the cardiovascular system, the level of situational anxiety, the level of development of social intelligence and the level of attention in 22 students of both sexes. Results. Adaptation potential is 8.56±0.354 points, which indicates unsatisfactory adaptation of students. Analysis of the index of functional changes showed a satisfactory state of adaptation mechanisms, while 27% of students noted tension in the adaptation mechanisms of the cardiovascular system, which may indicate an excessive influence of stress factors on the functional capabilities of the body. In addition, correlations were identified between: IFI and the level of situational anxiety, situational anxiety and the level of development of social intelligence, and between the indicator of situational anxiety and the duration of work with Schulte tables.Conclusions. The study made it possible to assess the state of students’ adaptation mechanisms and identify the reason for the tension of these mechanisms – the development of anxiety states.
A Rapid MRI Protocol for the Evaluation of Acute Pediatric Musculoskeletal Infections
Authors: Chan Kyle S. , McBride Daniel , Wild Jacob , Kwon Soyang , Samet Jonathan , Gibly Romie F. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Acute musculoskeletal infection affects >1 in 6,000 children in the United States annually. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal infection, but it traditionally requires contrast and anesthesia for children, delaying management. A rapid MRI protocol involves MRI without anesthesia and with limited non-contrast sequences optimized for fluid detection and diffusion-weighted images to identify abscesses. We hypothesized that a rapid MRI protocol would improve imaging and treatment efficiency for pediatric patients undergoing musculoskeletal infection evaluation without substantially affecting accuracy.

Methods:
This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients undergoing evaluation for musculoskeletal infection before (60 patients in the traditional cohort [TC]) and after (68 patients in the rapid cohort [RC]) implementation of the rapid MRI protocol. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were extracted from electronic health records, and statistical comparisons were performed.

Results:
The anesthesia rates were 53% for the TC and 4% for the RC, and the contrast administration rates were 88% for the TC and 0% for the RC. The median time to MRI after ordering was 6.5 hours (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0 to 8.6 hours) for the TC and 2.2 hours (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.6 hours) for the RC (p < 0.01). The median duration of MRI was 63.2 minutes (95% CI, 56.8 to 69.6 minutes) for the TC and 24.0 minutes (95% CI, 21.1 to 29.5 minutes) for the RC (p < 0.01). The median hospital length of stay was 5.3 days (95% CI, 3.7 to 6.9 days) for the TC and 3.7 days (95% CI, 1.9 to 4.1 days) for the RC (p < 0.01). The median hospital charges were $47,309 (95% CI, $39,137 to $58,769) for the TC and $32,824 (95% CI, $22,865 to $45,339) for the RC (p < 0.01). Only 2 positive cases of musculoskeletal infection in the RC were missed on the initial imaging, but these instances were not attributable to the rapid protocol itself. Although 10 of 68 rapid MRI scans resulted in nondiagnostic outcomes due to patient motion, only 6 of 68 required repeat MRI with anesthesia.

Conclusions:
In patients evaluated for musculoskeletal infection, the rapid MRI protocol eliminated contrast and minimized anesthesia while improving MRI access and decreased scan and interpretation times, hospital length of stay, and hospital charges. The rapid MRI protocol had high sensitivity for diagnosing musculoskeletal infection and a low rate of imaging failure.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Workflow for Direct Pore-Scale Simulation of Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure Curves with Hysteresis at Low Capillary Numbers
Authors: Jettestuen E. , Aursjø O. , Helland J. O. , Vinningland J. L. , Hiorth A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We propose an efficient workflow to estimate relative permeability and capillary pressure curves directly from pore-scale images for capillary dominated flows. In this workflow, we use a method to determine saturation configurations, and by coupling these configurations to a single-phase lattice Boltzmann fluid flow solver, we can impose higher order boundary conditions at the phase interfaces and avoid spurious currents and phase mixing. This removes some of the common drawbacks when employing multiphase fluid solvers: it improves numerical accuracy, and it increases the computational speed, compared to full two-phase simulations.
Linear Regression with Regularization for Well Flow Rate Back Allocation
Authors: Ellingsen Kjetil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Well flow rate back allocation is the estimation of how much individual wells contribute to the total flows out of a process. It is essential for the oil and gas industry. The allocated rates are used for production optimization, reservoir management, placement of new wells and distribution of revenue between stakeholders.
To obtain good allocation is often difficult and production engineers spend much time on it. Well tests may lead to production losses, and needed instrumentation can be expensive. This article describes a new method for well flow rate back allocation. Available well sensors are used as input to a linear regression with regularization model. The model is trained to match the total flows out of the process and is constructed such that it is possible to extract the individual well flow rates. Model results are presented both for simulated and real field data. It is shown that for some cases results can be excellent without any well testing, whereas for others one needs far fewer well tests than with traditional methods. Other advantages are that it is cheap to implement and can succeed where traditional methods fail.
Evaluation of Casing - Cement Debonding: Correlation Between Acoustic Logging, X-Ray Imaging and Leakage Rate
Authors: Feneuil B. , Wiggen E. , Stenebråten J. F. , Opedal N. , Larsen I. , Skorpa R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Annulus barrier materials are an essential component of Oil & Gas wells to prevent fluid migration across geological layers. When a well is prepared to be plugged, evaluation of the integrity of the barrier is essential to decide whether the annulus materials can be left as such, or must be repaired or replaced. To support quantitative evaluation of the cement annulus, we have designed a laboratory-scale experimental setup, where we evaluate casing-cement debonding by acoustic logging, X-ray imaging and flow experiments.
The main novelty of this experimental setup is that it allows for cement-casing evaluation with three different techniques. (1) We use Pulse-Echo ultrasonic logging tool. (2) We use an X-ray Computed tomography scanner to obtain images of the cement with a resolution of 30 or 12 μm. (3) We measure the gas permeability of the samples. Gas-permeability measurements evaluate the risk of leakage across the cement sample, it provides an estimation of the average thickness of debonding (microannulus). However, the debonding may not be uniform at the surface of the casing. Acoustic logging measurement and X-ray images are used to obtain insights on the morphology of the microannulus. In addition to these three evaluation techniques, the setup allows for the application of thermal loads in the casing by circulation cold or hot fluid.
In this paper, we present the setup and give examples of results for all three measurements techniques. First, we show the observations in the reference state, i.e., before temperature loading. Then, we perform temperature cycling from room temperature to −20°C, and we measure how the casing-cement interface is affected by thermal loading. The goal of this setup is to provide experimental data about the geometry of microannulus formed by thermal cycling. The results can be used as input for models to predict leakage in full-scale wells. In addition, this work will support an improved interpretation of acoustic logging tools for quantitative evaluation of casing-cement debonding.
An Overview of the Fundamental Differences in Performance Between Density-Based and Viscosity-Based Autonomous Inflow Control Technologies
Authors: Killie R. , Grüner V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Being part of the lower completion, viscosity-based autonomous inflow control technologies utilize viscosity contrasts to distinguish between wanted and unwanted reservoir fluids. Since the first installation on the Norwegian Troll field in 2008, such technologies have proven extremely successful in preventing excessive inflow of unwanted gas in oil wells. They can also stop water in oil wells, provided that the viscosity contrast between oil and water is sufficient to give a meaningful operational envelope. It is, however, important to fully understand the limitations of viscosity-based technologies when used to control water. In general, the viscosity-based technologies do not depend on viscosity alone, but rather on the Reynolds number, which in turn depends on velocity. In other words, the performance of these technologies is a function of the well's local inflow rate, which will change over time. If the local oil rate is high, the Reynolds number is also high, which may be interpreted as low-viscosity water, inadvertently causing the technology to choke back the oil flow instead. Furthermore, if one device closes inside a well compartment with multiple devices, it may lead to higher oil rate through the other devices and set up a chain reaction, such that they all end up closing or choking, thereby imposing a large pressure drop across the lower completion in that compartment.The Reynolds number does not depend on viscosity and velocity alone, but also on fluid density. For this reason, suppliers of viscosity-based technologies sometimes emphasize that their technology is also density-based. This can be misleading because technologies that depend exclusively on density, do not suffer the same disadvantages. The working principle of density-based technologies is typically insensitive to flow rate, viscosity and Reynolds number, which means that they can stop inflow of water even in light-oil wells with small or non-existing viscosity contrast. At least one of the density-based technologies can close and reopen at any pre-defined phase fraction of unwanted fluid. Furthermore, the density-based technologies allow high flow capacity and low pressure drop in open position combined with high choking efficiency in closed position. This allows choking of watered-out zones without the risk of excessive and premature choking of oil from the same zones.In a constructed case study, the performance of density-based and viscosity-based technologies is compared for a given well compartment with multiple inflow control devices. For the viscosity-based technologies, it is illustrated how the risk of the above-mentioned chain reaction increases with decreasing local productivity, and how the operational envelope of each device might become too limited if the viscosity contrast is small and the geological uncertainty large.
Soft Sensor Fusion Model for Multi-Annuli Temperature and Pressure Monitoring in Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Semwogerere David , Sangesland Sigbjørn , Pavlov Alexey , Colombo Danilo 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Subsea wellhead design has always rendered the B annulus on subsea wells inaccessible for monitoring. One of the leading causes of sustained casing pressure especially inside the B-annulus during production is annular pressure buildup as a result of thermal expansion of the annulus fluid. Without the ability to bleed this pressure off, casing failure ensues in the form of collapsed production casing or burst intermediate casing. Such failures lead to catastrophic well integrity loss consequences documented in several literature. In this work we introduce a model for monitoring the temperature in the A and B annulus without installing sensors in either annulus. This monitoring consequently gives an indication of the pressure change due to thermal expansion in the annuli and allows safer production and increased life of the well. Real-time temperature measurements are taken from a sensor installed in the production tubing, a soft sensor model that uses heat transfer thermodynamics and sensor fusion data analytics then uses this tubing temperature measurement to reconstruct the temperature and pressure in the A and B annulus. The results show that the model correctly predicts the temperature and pressure in both the A-annulus and the B-annulus. For subsea wells, this dismisses the need for a physical sensor in the B-annulus as suggested in some literature. Improved well integrity, reduced sensor installation and intervention costs and longer well life are the benefits of the system.
Analysis of All-Electric Subsea Gate Valve Designs and System Overview
Authors: Ahmadli M. , Gjersvik T. B. , Sangesland S. , Reynes and C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of all-electric subsea gate valve designs offered by a range of manufacturers within the context of the subsea production systems. The scope of the analysis includes a detailed technical examination of the actuation designs, mechanisms, and corresponding technologies. The aim of the analysis is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the technical details and specifications of these valves and their critical role in contributing to energy transition. The analysis is conducted through a systematic examination of multiple all-electric subsea gate valve actuator designs. We carried out technical evaluation methods (detailed examination, technical criteria, performance metrics, and consistency), going through components, actuation mechanisms, operational efficiency, and safety. Comparative assessments are made regarding energy efficiency, safety and reliability, and design complexity. This paper contributes novel technical insights by conducting an in-depth analysis of all- electric subsea gate valve designs, emphasizing their technical complexities, and evaluating their potential within the energy industry. It contributes to the current literature by providing a comprehensive overview of these technologies and their implications for subsea production systems.
Ensemble-Based Proactive Optimization using a Reactive Strategy for ICV Control
Authors: Sutoyo H. R. D. , Bellout M. C. , Hånes M. , Oliveira R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Interval Control Valves (ICVs) are widely used to control fluid flow in producers and injectors. These devices help increase recovery throughout a field's lifespan by enabling effective drainage of reservoir zones. Suitable control methodologies are essential to ensure effective application of this technology in field cases. This paper introduces a workflow for assisting ICV operation based on a rule-based control criteria applied over an ensemble of models and how the optimal control targets can be found by putting these targets as control variables in ensemble optimization.
The proposed methodology is developed to assist engineers in planning ICV operations using ensemble-based reservoir simulation. The inclusion of multiple realizations in the procedure ensures that a proper representation of uncertainty is considered in the development of the ICV operational plan. The methodology implements a rule-based control concept performing the following steps: (1) check whether the control criteria are satisfied, (2) modify the ICV setting, (3) advance the simulation a given small time step, followed by returning to (1) to check whether the criteria are satisfied. On top of this, a gradient-based optimization is performed that uses an ensemble-based stochastic approximation of the derivative. The controls of the optimization are the individual values of the target parameters used in step (1), and the objective of the optimization is to maximize hydrocarbon the ensemble mean oil recovery.
The methodology is applied on a synthetic reservoir model with ten realizations. The case studied involves five producers and two water injectors. One ICV each is installed on four of the producers, while the fifth producer consists of two laterals with one ICV in each branch. The rule-based control ensures that each individual producer’s water-cut limit is fulfilled for every realization, while the optimization ensures the optimal values of the limits are found. This approach provides a way to efficiently operate ICVs given reservoir uncertainty. Two definitions for the water-cut limit are tested. Results for this simple case study yield 5% increase in mean oil recovery across the ensemble.
MARINO – Maria Integrated Network Optimizer
Authors: Milicevic Monika , Kronberger Peter 
Published: April 2024

Summary
The Maria field setup allows easy access to real-time data, which may be used for production optimization through ad-hoc analysis, or automatic updating of tools like Prosper and GAP with its visualization opportunities. By utilizing this potential, various workflows such as optimization of gas lift, water injection, and general production system may be performed. Introduction of advanced analytics with the help of physical models from the IPM Suite and connection via OpenServer to real-time data reduces the work spent on data cleansing and preparation and increases the production by optimizing the Maria integrated network. To implement and achieve all the above, the MARINO (MARia Integrated Network Optimizer) tool was developed. The MARINO prototype consists of two different spreadsheet workbooks: The Well Test Excel, which involves the connection with nodal analysis software and focuses on well models update and validation. The second workbook is the Optimizer Excel, which involves the connection to a network simulator and focuses on the production network model update and validation as well as gas lift optimization and VLP/IPR visualization.
The novelty of the approach consists in connecting three different available software packages: Real time data source, nodal analysis, and network simulator via OpenServer. The goal is to use already existing tools that are familiar to users and automates the process between real time data, well modelling, and finally production optimization of the entire network.