bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semisynthetic anti‐lhrh vaccine causing atrophy of the prostate
Authors: Jayashankar Radhika , Chaudhuri Manas K. , Singh Om , Alam Anis , Talwar G. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA modified luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analog (D‐lys)6 was synthesized and linked to ϵ‐amino caproic acid at the 6th position. The free amino group thus generated was used for conjugation to diphtheria toxoid. Immunogenicity and bioefficacy studies of this conjugate vaccine were carried out in rodents. All immunized animals produced antibodies reactive with native LHRH. A gradual decline in testosterone levels accompanied the rise in anti‐LHRH titers. On necropsy, after 10 weeks, a significant reduction in the relative weights of testes and accessory sex organs was noticed. Of particular significance was the marked atrophy of the prostate, indicating a possible therapeutic application of this vaccine in the treatment of androgen‐dependent carcinoma of the prostate.
Determination of canine prostatic size in situ: Comparison of direct caliper measurement with radiologic and transrectal ultrasonographic measurements
Authors: Juniewicz P. E. , Ewing L. L. , Dahnert W. F. , Hamper U. M. , Dembeck C. , Sanders R. C. , Coffey D. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of transrectal ultrasonography to estimate canine prostatic size in situ was evaluated and compared to that of direct measurement via calipers and an in situ radiologic procedure. The length, width, and depth of prostates were measured by transrectal ultrasound in both the transverse and sagittal planes from which prostatic volume was calculated. Prostatic volumes were subsequently transformed into prostatic weights using the following nomogram: prostatic Weight (g) = 0.602 × prostatic Volume (cm3) + 1.16. Prostatic weights estimated by ultrasound as well as by direct measurement with caliper were similar (P > 0.10) to the true gravimetric weight; however, prostate weights estimated by the radiological X‐ray procedure were significantly (P < 0.01) lower. The relationship between true gravimetric prostate weight and that estimated by ultrasound was described by the following regression equation: estimated weight (g) = 1.127 gravimetric weight (g) — 1.665; r = 0.900; P < 0.001; n = 23. In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that transrectal ultrasonography can be used to accurately predict canine prostatic weight.
Partial characterization of a thyroid‐stimulating hormone‐like peptide in neuroendocrine cells of the human prostate gland
Authors: Abrahamsson P.‐A. , Lilja H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunohistochemical identification of the most prevalent type of neuroendocrine (NE) cells in the human prostate gland can be made with polyclonal antisera against human thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH). A TSH‐like peptide was characterized by analysis of prostatic tissue homogenates with sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel (SDS‐PAGE) electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting. A single protein band, with an apparent mass of about 32 kDa after reduction, was identified both with polyclonal antisera against human TSH and with a polyclonal antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxyterminal part of the β‐subunit of human TSH. The TSH‐like prostatic peptide identified here is, on the basis of its molecular mass and absence of immunoreactivity with an antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide representing the mid‐portion of the β‐subunit of TSH, not identical with the pituitary β‐subunit of TSH. On the other hand, this 32 kDa prostatic peptide may have certain structural elements in common with the pituitary β‐subunit of TSH, since it is recognized both with polyclonal antisera against TSH and with an antiserum against the carboxyterminal part of the β‐subunit of TSH.
PAP and PSA in prostatic carcinoma cell lines and aspiration biopsies: Relation to hormone sensitivity and to cytological grading
Authors: Hasenson Michael , Lundh Barbro , Stege Reinhard , Carlström Kjell , Pousette Åke 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause a change from hormone‐sensitive to hormone‐resistant carcinoma of the prostate often occurs concomitantiy with genetic changes or as a result of the latter, the markers specific for prostatic tissues might also be affected. We therefore first studied the presence of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in LNCaP and LNCaP‐r human prostatic carcinoma cell lines. Since both markers were found in these cell lines, we proceeded to quantitate PAP and PSA in aspiration biopsies from patients with prostate tumors. The amounts of these markers were compared with cytological findings. PAP and PSA were analyzed in the biopsy material from from 120 patients using commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits. DNA was determined using Riedel H33258 stain. Cytological grading was performed according to the Uropathological Study Group of Prostatic Carcinoma. Significant correlations were found between PAP/DNA or PSA/DNA values and grade of differentiation of the prostate tumor. In view of earlier reports and the results presented here, the amounts of markers or the protein pattern of tumor tissue may be a useful complement to the morphological findings and for selecting optimal therapy for patients with prostatic tumors.
Cytochemical characterization of cuprolinic blue‐stained proteoglycans in the epithelial—stromal interface of the guinea pig lateral prostate
Authors: Chan L. , Wong Y. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree types (T1, T2, T3) of proteoglycan (PG) filaments, as demonstrated by cuprolinic blue (CB) under critical electrolyte concentration method in the epithelial‐stromal interface of the guinea pig lateral prostate, were characterized cytochemically by using a number of glycosaminoglycan(GAG)‐degrading enzymes and nitrous acid. The results showed that T1 filaments located in basement membranes of the epithelium, endothelium, and smooth muscle cells, were removed by nitrous acid, heparitinase, and pronase but resistant to chondroitinase (Ch)‐ABC and Ch‐AC, heparinase, neuraminidase, and Streptomyces (S) hyaluronidase. The T1 filaments, therefore, contain heparan sulfate. The T2 filaments closely linked to collagen fibrils were removed by Ch‐ABC, Ch‐ABC plus S‐hyaluronidase, and pronase but were resistant to nitrous acid, heparitinase, heparinase, neuraminidase, and S‐hyaluronidase. These show that T2 filaments are rich in dermatan sulfate. The T3 filaments in the interstitial spaces and on the surface of fibroblasts were removed by Ch‐ABC, Ch‐AC, and pronase but were resistant to heparitinase, heparinase, hyaluronidase, neuraminidase, and nitrous acid. They are, therefore, rich in chondroitin sulfate.
Ultrastructural localization of proteoglycans by cationic dyes in the epithelial—stromal interface of the guinea pig lateral prostate
Authors: Cha L. , Wong Y. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProteoglycans (PGs) in the epithelial‐stromal interface of the guinea pig lateral prostate were localized at ultrastructural level, using cuprolinic Blue (CB), alcian Blue (AB), and ruthenium red (RR). After staining with CB or AB according to the critical electrolyte concentration method (CEC), PGs appeared as short electron‐dense filaments. According to their sizes and location, three type (T1, T2, T3) of CB‐stained filaments were identified. T1 filaments were short (25 nm) and were found on both sides of the lamina densa of the basal laminae of the prostatic epithelium, smooth muscle cells, and capillary endothelial cells. They were regularly spaced with an interval of 60 nm. T1 filaments were more randomly distributed in the lamina densa. T2 CB filaments were ∼30–40 nm long and closely associated with the collagen fibrils. They were usually arranged perpendicular to the long axis of collagen fibrils also at intervals of 60 nm. T3 filaments were found in different regions of the lamina propria, including: 1) reticular layer (pars fibroreticularis) below the basal lamina; 2) interstitial spaces; 3) closely associated with the cell surfaces of fibroblasts; and 4) around the collagen fibrils. Their sizes were variable (60–100 nm) and more densely stained. AB revealed similar patterns of PG distribution, except that the three types of PG filaments were longer but thinner. When the tissues were stained with RR, or RR‐AB combined, PGs appeared as dense granules of various sizes, instead of filaments. Their locations and distributions were similar to those of the CB filaments, except that in the case of combined RR‐AB treatment the PG granules were linked by a fine filamentous network, suggesting the interconnecting nature of the PGs and other extracellular components.
A comparison of androgen status in patients with prostatic cancer treated with oral and/or parenteral estrogens or by orchidectomy
Authors: Carlström Kjell , Collste Lars , Eriksson Ambjörn , Henriksson Peter , Pousette Åke , Stege Reinhard , von Schoultz Bo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of orchidectomy, combined oral/parenteral estrogen, and single‐drug parenteral estrogen therapy on the serum levels of testosterone (T), 4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione (A‐4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulfate (DHAS), sex‐hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), and albumin were studied in 48 patients with prostatic cancer. Both estrogen treatment regimens were as effective as orchidectomy in reducing circulating levels of T and A‐4. Orchidectomy caused a slight decrease in DHAS levels. Oral estrogens profoundly decreased the serum levels of DHAS and, to a lesser extent, levels of DHA and of albumin, while parenteral estrogens had no effect in this respect. SHBG serum levels were highly increased by oral estrogens, slightly increased by parenteral estrogens, and unaffected by orchidectomy. The more pronounced effects of oral estrogens on circulating adrenal androgens may reflect an altered liver metabolism associated with this route of administration.
Monoclonal antibody that defines the prostate specific antigen
Authors: Donn F. , Bruns T. , von Meyerinck L. , Schulz M. , Becker W.‐M. , Becker H. , Klosterhalfen H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA monoclonal antibody to a protein with a single band in the 30‐kD region was obtained from fusion of Balb/C mouse spleen cells immunized with epithelial fractions of BPH, with the myeloma cell line P3 × 63 Ag8 6.5.3 by standard procedures. This antigen was characterized in immunobinding studies with various cellular and target antigens and in immunoperoxidase staining.
Selective inhibition of androstenedione‐induced prostate growth in intact beagle dogs by a combined treatment with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate and the aromatase inhibitor 1‐methyl‐androsta‐1,4‐diene‐3,17‐dione (1‐methyl‐ADD)
Authors: Habenicht Ursula‐F. , Fathy Etreby M. El 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInterference with estrogenic and androgenic actions might result in an inhibitory effect of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In the present study the effects of the treatment of intact, adult beagle dogs with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (CPA) and the aromatase inhibitor 1‐methyl‐ADD either alone or in combination on androstenedione‐induced prostate growth and on testes, epididymides, and the pituitary was investigated. 1‐Methyl‐ADD induced a marked counterregulatory increase in the serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations leading to hyperplasia of the glandular part of the prostate. However, the aromatase inhibitor antagonized the androstenedione‐induced (estrogen‐related) stimulation of the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate. CPA caused a complete atrophy of the prostate that was also present after treatment with both the aromatase inhibitor and CPA in spite of a striking elevation of the serum testosterone and DHT levels and in spite of the antagonization of the inhibition of testes and epididymal weight induced by androstenedione plus CPA. This indicates a selective inhibition of the prostate of intact beagle dogs treated with CPA and 1‐methyl‐ADD.
Dose‐dependent hormonal induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in castrated dogs
Authors: Juniewiczd P. E. , Lemp B. M. , Barbolt T. A. , Labrie T. K. , Batzold F. H. , Reel J. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA model for the dose‐dependent hormonal induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in castrated dogs has been established using subcutaneously implanted Silastic capsules containing 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol (3α‐diol) and estradiol‐17β. In vivo release rates per capsule approximated 122.0 ± 4.2 μg 3α‐diol and 22.7 ± 0.8 μg estradiol per day based on in vitro studies and resulted in dose‐dependent increases in serum 3α‐diol and dihydrotestosterone concentrations. The implantation of castrated dogs with either 10 or 20 Silastic capsules containing 3α‐diol and one capsule containing estradiol or the intramuscular injection of 3α‐diol (75 mg/week) and estradiol (0.75 mg/week) for 99 days significantly increased (P < .01) prostatic weights and total prostatic DNA over intact controls. These treatments also resulted in a histomorphological pattern similar to that observed in dogs with the glandular form of spontaneous BPH. In addition, normal prostatic secretory function as determined by semen volume was maintained in these dogs. Although subcutaneous implantation of five Silastic capsules containing 3α‐diol and one capsule containing estradiol into castrated dogs resulted in prostatic weights and total prostatic DNA that were similar (P < .10) to intact controls, these prostates were characterized histomorphologically by glandular atrophy and squamous metaplasia. Furthermore, prostatic secretory function was decreased (P < .05) in these animals compared with intact controls at 3 months of treatment. This study has led to the development of a model of steroid‐induced BPH that will facilitate the evaluation of competitive androgen‐receptor antagonists in the dog.
Application of immunohistologic staining to develop a malignant index to aid in distinguishing benign from malignant prostatic tissue
Authors: Rubenstein Marvin , Shaw Michael W. , Ray Veronica , Dubin Alvin , McKiel Charles F. , Guinan Patrick 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of antisera with reactivities against intermediate filaments, differentiation antigens, and secretory products has aided in identification and characterization of tissue specimens. Such evaluations may assist pathologists in distinguishing between benign (BPH) and malignant (CAP) tissue of prostatic origin. However, attempts to employ this technique are thwarted by 1) the use of frequently incompletely characterized antisera, 2) the use of both paraffin‐ and frozen‐sectioned materials, and 3) a lack of quantitation in the degree of antisera immunoreactivity.To overcome these shortcomings, a mathematical approach was evaluated using eight BPH and 23 CAP specimens. These were sectioned and stained using commercially prepared antisera against cytokeratin (Cyto P, Cyto M), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), NK cells (Leu‐7), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Reactivity was quantitated on a scale of 0–5. Mean values for markers elevated in CAP (relative to BPH) were placed in the numerator; those elevated in BPH (relative to CAP) were placed in the denominator: Malignant index

This malignant index was significantly greater (P < .001) in CAP tissues than in BPH regardless of Gleason grade (3.2 ± 0.9 vs. 1.6 ± 0.9). It was also significantly elevated (3.0 ± 0.8; P < .01) in nine specimens representing prostatic atypical hyperplasia.These data suggest that immunohistologic staining may be applied as an aid in distinguishing between BPH and CAP.
Improved immunohistochemical detection of prostatic acid phosphatase by a monoclonal antibody
Authors: Lam Kwok‐Wai , Li Chin‐Yang , Yam Lung T. , Sun Tsieh , Lee Gregory , Ziesmer Steve 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA monoclonal antibody with high affinity to acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2 (Ab‐AcP2) was selected to examine its binding to different normal and tumor tissues using the indirect immunohistochemical method. Both mature prostatic epithelial cells in the prostate and the highly dedifferentiated prostatic cancer cells in the bone marrow showed strong binding to the antibody. Among nonprostatic tissues, only bone marrow, breast, and kidney showed trace staining in some specimens. The specificity of Ab‐AcP2 was much better than that of the polyclonal antibody to acid phospatase previously reported. When the antibody to the prostate‐specific antigen (Ab‐PSA) was used, weak background staining was often encountered, and weak to moderate stains were seen in the prostatic stroma, bone marrow, lung, skin, and melanoma.
Intracellular distribution of calcium and zinc in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human prostate: X‐ray microanalysis of freeze‐dried cryosections
Authors: Tvedt K. E. , Halgunset J. , Kopstad G. , Haugen O. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractX‐ray microanalysis has been performed on freeze‐dried cryosections of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human prostates. Needle biopsies from prostates suspected to be malignant were collected from ten patients. Seven of these patients had fully developed nodular hyperplasia, whereas the remaining three specimens were histologically classified as moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. Prostates with normal light microscopic appearance were obtained from two brain‐dead kidney donors. The concentration of calcium in secretory vesicles was found to be several orders of magnitude higher than the concentration of magnesium and zinc in all of the glands studied, which is consistent with calcium being the major cation secreted by the prostatic acinar cells. Some elderly prostates and neoplastic prostates revealed even lower mean zinc:calcium ratios in secretory vesicles. Even though both elements varied considerably, the wide variation of the zinc:calcium ratios was due mainly to variations in the concentration of zinc. Large, electron‐dense bodies occasionally were found in the cytoplasm of prostatic acinar cells. These bodies contained high concentrations of sulphur which by far was the dominating element.
Differential reaction of secretory and non‐secretory proteins in hormone‐treated dunning tumor
Authors: Aumüller Gerhard , Hartley‐Asp Beryl , Seitz JÜRgen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor cells from of the Dunning R‐3327 PAP tumor were grown in vivo in the flank region of male Copenhagen rats for 4 months. Untreated control animals, castrated animals, and untreated or castrated animals supplemented with testosterone and estramustine (alone or in combination) bearing tumors were used for immunocytochemical studies of the tumor cells. Antibodies against the following secretory proteins were applied to paraffin sections of formalin‐fixed tissue: anti‐SVS 11, anti‐PBP, anti‐transglutaminase, anti‐acid phosphatase (isoenzymes, isoelectric points [PI] 5. 6, 7, 1, 8, 0), non‐secretory proteins comprised antiglucocorticoid‐receptor, and antibodies against extracellular matrix proteins and intermediate filaments. A differential expression of marker proteins subsequent to the various treatments was observed immunohistochemically. Castration induced a loss of secretory activity, an increase in keratin‐immunoreactive cells, and regressive activity in the secretory cells. Immunoreactivity of the glucocorticoid receptor in the nuclei of the basal cells was also decreased. Testosterone substitution only partially restored secretory activity of tumor cells in castrated animals. In experiments where estramustine had been administered to normal or castrated animals, metaplastic transformation of the epithelium, focal reduction, or increase of secretory and/or regressive activity and persistence of glucocorticoid receptor‐like imniunoreactivity was observed. The findings indicate that different hormonal situations provide conditions for the development of rather heterogeneous reaction patterns of different tumor cells, allowing partial regression of individual clones of tumor cells along with stimulation of others.
Short‐term primary culture of rat prostate tumor epithelial cells on reconstituted basement membrane as a useful in vitro model to assess drug action on prostatic cancer: Efficacy of the thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 19984
Authors: Shea Wendy K. , Black Jennifer , Ip Margot M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA model system has been developed that permits short‐term culture of rat R3327 prostate adenocarcinoma epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane. Growth of prostate tumor cells under these conditions resulted in an enriched epithelial cell population that exhibited an eightfold increase in cell number in 10 days. This model system was used to test the efficacy of the thiazolidinedione derivative CGP 19984, a drug that inhibits luteinizing hormone secretion in vivo. At concentrations ranging between 1 and 25 μg/ml, CGP 19984 inhibited growth of the prostate tumor epithelial cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The results thus demonstrate a direct effect of CGP 19984, which complements its indirect antitumor action in vivo, and suggest that this drug might be an effective agent for treatment of prostatic cancer. Moreover, growth of prostate tumor epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane provides a useful system for in vitro testing of drugs for prostate cancer.
Synthesis of α1‐acid glycoprotein by the human prostate
Authors: Dubé Jean Y. , Paradis Gilles , Tětu Bernard , Tremblay Roland R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order better to define the extent of protein synthesis capacity of the human prostate, we have studied the translation of selected serum proteins using isolated poly(A)+ RNA preparations and the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The translation of α1‐acid glycoprotein could be conclusively demonstrated but there was no apparent translation of albumin and plasmatic transferrin. Labeled α1‐acid glycoprotein was identified by specific immunoprecipitation with a commercial anti α1‐acid glycoprotein antiserum and correct processing by canine pancreatic microsomal membranes. Furthermore, we have shown by the immunoperoxidase technique that α1‐acid glycoprotein was indeed localized mainly in prostatic epithelial cells in 2 out of 2 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and in 3 out of 11 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma. The significance of the synthesis and secretion of α1‐acid glycoprotein by prostatic cell themselves is presently unknown. However, we think that it could represent an interesting subject to explore further in relation with prostatic inflammation.
Evaluation of average life span of epithelial and stromal cells of human prostate by superoxide dismutase activity
Authors: Tunn Sabine , Nass Ralf , Ekernkamp Axel , Schulze Harald , Krieg Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLittle is known about the cell kinetics on which development of benign prostatic hyperplasia is based. This prompted us to study the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, which is known 1) to correlate with the life span of cells and 2) to decrease with advancing age of cells. Therefore, SOD was measured in epithelium and stroma of the human prostate from patients of various ages (20–86 years) and compared with the activity in the postmitotic skeletal muscle. It was found that the highest mean specific SOD activity is present in skeletal muscle (4.0 mU. mg protein−1), followed by the stroma (2.1 mU. mg protein−1) and epithelium (1.4 mU. mg protein−1). Similar results were obtained when SOD activity was expressed per DNA (5.03, 1.73, and 0.16 mU. μg DNA−1, respectively). Comparing the slope of the age‐dependent regression lines, it was demonstrated that the slope of the stroma is much closer to the slope of the postmitotic skeletal muscle than the slope of the epithelium. From the data, it was calculated that the average life span of stromal cells is probably longer than 30 years and of epithelial cells longer than 2 years. Hence in human prostatic tissue the average cell death rate might he rather low.