bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Task force examines U.S. hurricane research agenda
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

While U.S. federal, state, and local governments continue to debate what should be done, following the devastating 2005 hurricane season, to rebuild the Gulf Coast and to prevent future disasters, a task force of the U.S. National Science Board (NSB) has begun an effort to construct a national agenda for federally‐sponsored hurricane research.At a 24 January meeting at the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) headquarters in Arlington, Va., task force members and government representatives examined current hurricane‐related research conducted and supported by several federal agencies, identified gaps in understanding and future priorities, and discussed how these agencies can better coordinate their activities.
Age‐calibrated three‐dimensional views of the crust
Authors: Gaillot Philippe , Masago Hideki , Thu Moe Kyaw , Curewitz Daniel 
Published: October 2006

Scientific drilling provides detailed, highresolution, direct observations of the Earth's crust. Ocean drilling science has a nearly 40‐year history, starting with the Deep Sea Drilling Project (1968–1983), running through the Ocean Drilling Program (1985–2003), and continuing as the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP2003 to present). Ocean drilling science also has growing ties to the International Continental Drilling Project (1996 to present).Over the course of these scientific drilling programs, intensive analysis of a wide array of global geological and geophysical systems has been accomplished, including oceanic crustal architecture; tectonics and fluid flow along convergent and divergent plate margins; oceanic plateau composition, structure, age, and genesis; volcanic and nonvolcanic rifted margin tectonics, structure, and evolution; sedimentary records of ocean circulation, climate change, and evolution; fault zone geometry and dynamics.
Development Bank encourages natural disaster planning
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

In an effort to make countries in Latin America and the Caribbean less vulnerable to natural disasters, the Inter‐American Development Bank (IDB) announced on 21 December 2005 that it has developed a new draft disaster risk management policy to encourage its member countries to plan for these events.The IDB, the major development bank for the region, decided to place a focus on natural disaster risk planning following several devastating disasters in the region in the 1990s, including 1998's Hurricane Mitch, said Caroline Clarke, IDB senior specialist in disaster prevention and risk management. The IDB provides loans, technical assistance, and policy guidance to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Real‐time seismic displays in museums appeal to the public
Authors: Smith Meagan , Taber John , Hubenthal Michael 
Published: October 2006

Technology provides people with constant access to the latest news, weather, and entertainment. Not surprisingly the public increasingly demands that the most current information be available for immediate consumption. For museums striving to educate the public and to maintain and expand visitor interest, gone are the days of passively conveying scientific concepts through static displays.Instead, science museums must find creative ways to capture the public's interest—successful advocacy for research funding, solutions to environmental problems, even future generations' scientific innovation depend on this. To this end, the continuous collection and dissemination of real‐time science information by the scientific community offers museums an opportunity to capitalize on visitors' data addiction and increase the public's interest in, and understanding of, the Earth system.
Meet the Editors: Water Resources Research
Authors: Kumar Mohi 
Published: October 2006

On 1 January 2005, a five‐member team assumed editorial responsibility for Water Resources Research (WRR). A year later the team of Brian Berkowitz, Amilcare Porporato, Thomas Torgersen, Scott Tyler, and Editor‐in‐Chief Marc Parlange are pleased with the successes of several changes to the journal.“WRR is the international stage where new and emerging ideas are discussed and where the directions for scientific research in all aspects of hydrology are charted,” explained Porporato. “This is the reason why we have worked hard with our associate editors to attract ‘opinion papers,’ ‘inspired reviews,’ and, more recently,‘rapid communications.’” The aim of these new paper types is to encourage discussion of water resource issues relevant to society and to quickly present new results that advance theoretical, mathematical, technological, and experimental observations, Porporato said.
Identifying grand research questions in the solid‐earth sciences
Authors: Linn Anne M. 
Published: October 2006

Progress in the solid‐Earth sciences has been remarkable over the past few decades, driven by the availability of new instruments, improved modeling capabilities, reduced barriers to cooperation with scientists in other countries, and increased coordination with other disciplines, such as astronomy and biology. With research advancing on such a wide front, it can be difficult to define the frontiers of scientific inquiry and to convey that information in a way that captures the imaginations of the scientific community, the U.S. Congress, U.S. federal agencies, and the general public.At the request of program managers at the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey, and NASA, the U.S. National Academies has assembled a committee of experts to identify the grand research questions driving the solid‐Earth sciences. Although other reports have identified research priorities in this area, just a few (such as “Living on a restless planet,” 63 pp., NASA Solid Earth Science Working Group, Pasadena, Calif., 2002) have cast them mainly as compelling, fundamental science questions. Such ‘big picture’ questions may require decades to answer, and research support from many government agencies and organizations. The answers to these questions could profoundly affect our understanding of the Earth.
Circulation in the Gulf of Mexico: Observations and Models
Authors: Kumar Mohi 
Published: October 2006

A new AGU book, Circulation in the Gulf of Mexico: Observations and Models, edited by Wilton Sturges III and Alexis Lugo‐Fernandez, compiles the current state of knowledge about physical oceanography in this region. Through 22 papers authored by more than 50 scientists, the book highlights the technologies and methodologies that have revolutionized the field since the last such publication more than 30 years ago, and stresses the importance of fundamental science in understanding and mitigating environmental problems.In this interview, Eos talks with Sturges, a physical oceanographer who has studied circulation in the Gulf of Mexico for more than 30 years.Sturges is a professor emeritus at Florida State University, Tallahassee. He received his Ph.D. in physical oceanography from John Hopkins University in 1966.Though retired, Sturges continues to do research, focusing on deep flows in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea and their connection to the open Atlantic, as well as on the strange mechanism of ring shedding from the Loop Current, a gyre that drives surface currents in that area.
U.S. warning system detected the Sumatra Tsunami
Authors: Gower Jim , González Frank 
Published: October 2006

Although the December 2004 great Sumatra earthquake and the resulting tsunami were very distant from the northeast Pacific Ocean, the U.S. Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) array in the northeast Pacific successfully demonstrated high sensitivity and provides useful data for understanding the propagation of the tsunami.At the time of the tsunami, the Pacific DART network already was one of the most sophisticated tsunami detection systems in operation.The network, which then consisted of eight stations (seven U.S. and one Chilean), now consists of 11 stations (10 U.S. and one Chilean) [González et al., 2005] (Figure l). Each station is equipped with a bottom pressure recorder (BPR) transmitting data acoustically from the ocean bottom to a surface buoy, which then passes the data to tsunami warning centers and other land stations by satellite communication links.
Inkaba yeAfrica Project surveys sector of Earth from core to space
Authors: de Wit Maarten , Horsfield Brian 
Published: October 2006

In the Xhosa language, ‘inkaba’ means ‘navel,’ the central point from which all energy, material, and knowledge emerge and are recycled. The word encapsulates a sense of total interconnectivity Uniting inkaba with yeAfrica adds a regional perspective to a project that has as its central focus the understanding of the dynamic interactions between the Earth and its life‐support systems.Following two years of workshops and proposal writing, the German and South African Earth science communities embarked in 2004 on a five‐year program, Inkaba yeAfrica, to survey a cone‐shaped sector of the Earth from core to space, intersecting its solid surface around southern Africa and its ocean basins (Figure l).The vision is to track the history of this sector's components back over at least the past 200 million years to understand Earth systems processes and their evolving interactions at different scales and rates.
Scientific challenges of western U.S. water management
Authors: Kumar Mohi 
Published: October 2006

In the western United States, which is characterized by low precipitation, aridity, drought, and rapid population growth, the availability of water presents serious concerns, according to an 8 February report by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).The report, Water Availability for the Western United States—Key Scientific Challenges, outlines key concerns, including the determination of sustainable ground water levels, methods for desalination and other water reuse programs, sustainable ecosystem management, and the protection of endangered species. In addition, “the potential for departures from average climatic conditions threatens to disrupt society and local to regional economies,” the report stated.
Decadal drought effects on endangered woodpecker habitat
Authors: Stahle David W. , Cleaveland Malcolm K. , Griffin R. Daniel , Spond Mark D. , Fye Falko K. , Culpepper R. Brian , Patton David 
Published: October 2006

The critically endangered ivory‐billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) apparently has been rediscovered in old‐growth bald cypress (Taxodium distichum, Figure 1) and swamp tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) forests of Bayou DeView, located seven kilometers northwest of Brinkley, Ark. [Fitzpatrick et al., 2005]. The evaluation of the impact of drought on forest history and wildlife population levels is critical to the conservation of the ivory‐billed woodpecker and other similarly endangered species. Tree ring chronologies have been developed from old‐growth forests at Bayou DeView to aid in this assessment.This article also describes a conceptual model that has proven useful for the discovery of other noncommercial old‐growth cypress‐tupelo remnants in the Southeast. These relict cypress‐tupelo stands may be candidates for conservation, restoration, and perhaps the eventual reintroduction of the ivory bill and other increasingly rare species native to this ecosystem.
An appeal to the AGU Membership
Authors: Abriola Linda 
Published: October 2006

This past January, the AGU Fellows Committee met in San Francisco, Calif., and elected 45 distinguished AGU members for recognition as Fellows. The expertise of these elected Fellows spans an extremely broad range of Earth and space science disciplines. In this, my fourth and final year on the Fellows Committee, I continue to be amazed at the quality and breadth of the nominees.AGU is committed to ensuring that deserving members from all sectors of the membership are being considered as Fellows. While the demographic distribution of Fellows has become more diverse in the last few years, we still have a long way to go to achieve proportional representation.To further its goal, AGU is expanding its efforts to reach out to underrepresented groups.
Nominations for renewable natural resources awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Renewable Natural Resources Foundation (RNRF) is seeking nominations for three annual awards that honor interdisciplinary achievements in renewable natural resources fields. The RNRF is a consortium of 14 educational, professional, and scientific organizations, including AGU.The RNRF's Sustained Achievement Award honors the long‐term contributions of an individual to the protection and conservation of natural resources. The Outstanding Achievement Award recognizes a single project, publication, piece of legislation, or similar concrete achievement that occurred within the last three years.
Meet the Editors: JGR‐Atmospheres
Authors: Kumar Mohi 
Published: October 2006

Three scientists were newly appointed and one scientist was reappointed last year as editors of JGR‐Atmospheres. The three new editors, John Austin, Jose D. Fuentes, and Ruth Lieberman, along with returning editor Colin O'Dowd, would like to see several changes made to the journal.“JGR‐Atmospheres is still regarded as the highest‐quality atmospheric science journal, having perhaps one of the most stringent and rigorous review processes,” said O'Dowd. “However, there is still room for improvement.”
Future of Environmental Satellite Program uncertain
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

The National Polar‐orbiting Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS), over budget and behind schedule, is undergoing a mandatory review process that could leave the program cut back or canceled. However, the outcome of the review will not be known until June, witnesses testified at a 30 March hearing before the U.S. Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Subcommittee on Disaster Prevention and Prediction.NPOESS is a set of six satellites that are intended to replace the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) program and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, which collects weather data for the military. POES supports many of NOAA's environmental monitoring programs.
U.S. ocean research plan drafted
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

The U.S. Committee on Ocean Policy, which coordinates ocean‐related activities throughout the federal government, released an ocean research priorities draft plan and implementation strategy on 27 March for a 45‐day public comment period.The plan is intended to set priorities for ocean science and technology across a wide range of societal interests.The plan covers seven themes: enhancing human health, improving ecosystem health, sustaining natural resources, promoting marine operations, the ocean's role in climate change and variability, mitigating effects of natural hazards, and improving quality of life. Under each theme, the plan identifies challenges, and research, infrastructure, and technical needs.
Draft Wetlands Rule released
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers released on 28 March a draft of a new rule to guide compensatory mitigation for when wetlands are unavoidably lost due to development. However, whether the rule is successful in preventing a net loss in wetlands will depend largely on its implementation, according to two wetlands scientists who evaluated the issue for the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) in 2001.Under the federal Clean Water Act, developers who seek to build on wetlands must compensate for any wetlands loss if they are unable to avoid or minimize the loss. Such compensation is covered under the newly proposed compensatory mitigation rule. Benjamin Grumbles, EPA assistant administrator for water, called the rule an “innovative new standard that will accelerate the pace of wetlands conservation and restoration.”
Reducing natural disaster vulnerability
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

Because poor countries are vulnerable to the impact of natural disasters, the U.K. Department for International Development (DFID) launched on 30 March a new policy to better integrate natural disaster risk reduction into development and humanitarian activities.Gareth Thomas, U.K. development minister, said, “There is nothing we can do to stop hurricanes, tsunamis, and earthquakes from striking. But what we can do is help put simple measures in place, such as better built houses, schools, and hospitals alongside more high‐tech early warning systems to reduce the loss of life.”
Satellite constellation monitors global and space weather
Authors: Cheng Chio‐Zong Frank , Kuo Ying‐Hwa , Anthes Richard A. , Wu Lance 
Published: October 2006

Six identical microsatellites were successfully launched into a circular low‐Earth orbit from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., at 0140 UTC on 15 April 2006.Termed the Formosa Satellite 3 and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC) mission, the new constellation's primary science goal is to obtain vertical profiles in nearreal time of temperature, pressure, and water vapor in the neutral atmosphere and electron density in the ionosphere. The observations will be used to support operational global weather prediction, climate monitoring and research, space weather forecasting, and ionospheric research.
3‐D visualization of Tonga Earthquake
Authors: Kilb Debi , Jacobs Allison , Nayak Atul , Kent Graham 
Published: October 2006

Scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO; La Jolla, Calif.) have created interactive three‐dimensional (3‐D) visualizations of the 3 May magnitude 8.0 earthquake that occurred near Neiafu,Tonga. The earthquake occurred at 1526 UTC at a depth of 16 kilometers (as recorded by the USArray seismic network operated at SIO, http://anf.ucsd.edu). A tsunami warning was initially issued, but it was subsequently canceled, and to date, no fatalities have been reported.These 3‐D visualizations are available for free download at the Scripps Visualization Center Web site (http://www.siovizcenter.ucsd.edu).The first visualization shows the hypocenter of the 3 May Tonga main shock and locations of historical earthquakes. Global topography and bathymetry data are also included for reference. The second visualization shows a more localized view of the Tonga region, along with vertical cross sections of the velocity structure in the region. An obvious correlation can be seen between changes in the velocity structure and the historical earthquake locations, which map out the geometry of the Tonga subduction zone.
Myers nominated to head USGS
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

U.S. President George W Bush will nominate Mark Myers to be director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the White House announced on 3 May.Myers most recently held the position of Alaska State Geologist and director of the State of Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Survey. Prior to that position, Myers headed the State of Alaska Division of Oil and Gas, the agency that oversees leases of state lands for oil and gas exploration.
NASA satellites will study clouds and aerosols
Authors: Kumar Mohi 
Published: October 2006

Two NASA satellites, with missions to study the vertical distributions of clouds and aerosols within the atmosphere, were launched on 28 April from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif.The satellites, CloudSat and CALIPSO (Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations), eventually will circle approximately 705 kilometers above Earth for three years in a sun‐synchronous polar orbit.
International Symposium on Airborne Geophysics
Authors: Mogi Toru , Ito Hisatoshi , Kaide Hideshi , Kusunoki Kenichiro , Saltus Richard W. , Fitterman David V. , Okuma Shigeo , Nakatsuka Tadashi 
Published: October 2006

Airborne geophysics can be defined as the measurement of Earth properties from sensors in the sky. The airborne measurement platform is usually a traditional fixedwing airplane or helicopter, but could also include lighter‐than‐air craft, unmanned drones, or other specialty craft.The earliest history of airborne geophysics includes kite and hot‐air balloon experiments. However, modern airborne geophysics dates from the mid‐1940s when military submarine‐hunting magnetometers were first used to map variations in the Earth's magnetic field. The current gamut of airborne geophysical techniques spans a broad range, including potential fields (both gravity and magnetics), electromagnetics (EM), radiometrics, spectral imaging, and thermal imaging.
On “Estimating carbon budgets for U.S. ecosystems”
Authors: Turner David P. 
Published: October 2006

In a recent Eos article, Potter et al. [2006] describe an approach to developing terrestrial biogenic carbon budgets at regional to continental scales. Their primary scaling tool is the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford (CASA) model, and spatially explicit inputs include climate as well as vegetation type and vegetation greenness (from satellite imagery). Net primary production (NPP) is simulated with a light use efficiency approach, and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) is based on turnover rates of several litter and soil carbon pools.This approach is well‐suited to characterizing the response of net ecosystem production (NEPNPP‐Rh, as in the work by Lovett et al. [2006]) to interannual variation in climate, but it is worth pointing out that it largely misses the effects of forest management on NEE These management effects have a significant influence on the absolute carbon exchange with the atmosphere, and on the kind of carbon accounting needed for carbon dioxide emissions inventories.
Santa Barbara basin study extends global climate record
Authors: Hopkins Sarah , Kennett James , Nicholson Craig , Pak Dorothy , Sorlien Christopher , Behl Richard , Normark William , Sliter Ray , Hill Tessa , Schimmelmann Arndt , Cannariato Kevin 
Published: October 2006

A fundamental goal of Earth science is to understand the remarkable instability of late Quaternary global climate prior to the beginning of the Holocene, about 11,000 years ago. This unusual climate behavior was characterized by millennial‐scale climate oscillations on suborbital timescales, and a distinctive ‘sawtooth’ pattern of very abrupt glacial and stadial terminations (within decades) followed by more gradual global cooling [e.g., Dansgaard et al., 1993; Hendy and Kennett, 1999]. The fact that both major (glacial) and minor (stadial) cooling periods in Earth's climate were terminated by similar abrupt warming episodes suggests a common mechanism driving such rapid changes in global climate.Understanding the causes of this instability is crucial given developing concerns about global warming, yet knowledge about this climate behavior has been essentially confined to the last 150,000 years or so, owing to the absence of available sequences of sufficient age and chronological resolution. The high‐resolution paleoclimate record from the Greenland ice cores is limited to about 110 thousand years ago (ka),and although Antarctic ice cores now extend back to more than 740 ka [European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, 2004], these latter cores primarily provide information about high‐latitude conditions at much lower resolution than is required to address abrupt climate change.