bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Natural”︁ killer cells in the mouse. I. Cytotoxic cells with specificity for mouse Moloney leukemia cells. Specificity and distribution according to genotype
Authors: Kiessling R. , Klein Eva , Wigzell H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the spleens of young, adult mice there exist naturally occurring killer lymphocytes with specificity for mouse Moloney leukemia cells. The lytic activity was directed against syngeneic or allogeneic Moloney leukemia cells to a similar extent, but was primarily expressed when tested against in vitro grown leukemia cells. Two leukemias of non‐Moloney origin were resistant and so was the mastocytoma line P815. Although killer activity varied between different strains of mice, the specificity of lysis was the same as indicated by competition experiments using unlabeled Moloney or other tumor cells as inhibitors in the cytotoxic assays. Capacity to compete and sensitivy to lysis by the killer cells were found to be highly positively correlated. Analysis of the kinetics of the cytotoxic assay revealed a rapid induction of lysis within one to four hours, arguing against any conventional in vitro induction of immune response. No evidence was found of soluble factors playing any role in the cytolytic assay.
Cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against ectromelia virus‐infected target cells. III. Role of the H‐2 gene complex
Authors: Gardner I. D. , Bowern Narelle A. , Blanden R. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of the H‐2 gene complex in expression of cytotoxicity exerted by specific ectromelia‐immune thymus‐derived (T) cells against ectromelia‐infected target cells was examined. A repertoire of inbred mouse strains (some congenic) including the H‐2 haplotypes k, d, b, s, q, the recombinant H‐2a (k|d) and F1 hybrids (k/b and d/b) were immunized with virus and their spleen cells tested 6 days later, at the peak of the primary response, against H‐2k, H‐2d and H‐2b target cells. Significant specific cytotoxicity occurred only when the immune cell donors and the target cells shared all or part of the same H‐2 gene complex. For example, H‐2a (k|d) immune cells killed both H‐2k and H‐2d target cells. There wasno detectable effect of the non‐H‐2 genetic background, H‐2 public specificities, or the M‐locus Target cells infected with ectromelia virus exhibited quantitative or qualitative changes (or both) in expression of normal H‐2 antigens as indicated by reduced susceptibility to killing by T cells activated against H‐2 antigens in mixed lymphocyte culture. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that T cells in this system are responding to virus‐induced, specific changes in antigens on infected cells which are controlled by genes in the H‐2 complex; these genes seem likely to be those coding for H‐2 private specificities, or genes closely linked to them.
Bispecific cells among IgM and IgG producers during the early phase of primary and secondary responses
Authors: Couderc J. , Birrien J. L. , Oriol R. , Bleux C. , Liacopoulos P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSimultaneous immunization of mice with sheep (SRBC) and horse (HRBC) erythrocytes regularly resulted in the appearance of hemolytic plaque‐forming cells (PFC) specific for each type of erythrocyte and also of PFC lysing both types of erythrocytes.After primary stimulation the highest number of bispecific cells (42/106 cells) was found among PFC as revealed by the direct procedure (IgM producers).Among PFC enhanced with anti‐mouse Fab serum (IgG producers), bispecific cells were less numerous (8/106 cells). In preparations enhanced by anti‐mouse‐γFc serum which reveals IgG producers without inhibiting IgM antibody, the number of bispecific PFC equalled the sum of bispecific cells revealed by direct and anti‐Fab enhanced procedures.The number of direct bispecific PFC during primary and secondary response was approximately the same, whereas the number of IgG‐producing, bispecific PFC increased considerably during the secondary response. Another difference was the time limitation of the appearance of bispecific cells: after primary immunization direct bispecific PFC were detected only on days 3, 4 and 5, but enhanced bispecific PFC were present from day 4 up to day 12. However, during the secondary reaction, bispecific PFC were detected by all three procedures only between days 3 and 6.Studies on the cross‐reactivity between SRBC and HRBC gave negative results at the humoral levels, even when the mice were primed with a minimal amount of both erythrocytes and then two months later, boosted with one of them. Studies at the cellular level showed that after immunization with one antigen, only 0.4 to 0.7 direct or enhanced PFC/106 cells could simultaneously lyse both erythrocyte types. Thus, a hundred times more bispecific PFC were constantly found after double immunization of the animals. Moreover, sudden disappearance of all bispecific PFC on the 7th day after secondary stimulation makes it unlikely that all bispecific PFC are simply cross‐reacting cells.
Expression of an immunoglobulin VH gene in natural anti‐hapten antibodies
Authors: Mäkelä O. , Imanishi Thereza 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNonimmune sera of CBA and C57BL/6 mice had similar anti‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) titers, but the fine specificities (relative affinities for cross‐reactive haptens (4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP) and (4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitrophenyl)acetyl (NNP)) were very different. Natural anti‐NP antibodies of the C57BL/6 mice resembled immune anti‐NP antibodies in being heteroclitic without exception, while both normal and immune anti‐NP of the CBA mice were nonheteroclitic. Breeding studies suggested that the C57BL/6 trait of the natural antibodies was controlled by the same VH gene as the C57BL/6 trait of immune anti‐NP antibodies.
Antigen binding and idiotypic properties of reconstituted immunoglobulins G derived from homogeneous rabbit anti‐pneumococcal antibodies
Authors: Huser H. , Haimovich J. , Jaton J.‐C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecombinations and hybridizations of H and L‐chains derived from several homogeneous rabbit antibodies to type 3 pneumococcal polysaccharide (SIII) were carried out. All reconstitution experiments performed gave rise to genuine IgG molecules. Antigen‐binding studies and affinity measurements for a hexasaccharide ligand derived from SIII were made. In addition, heterologous antiidiotypic serum raised against one rabbit anti‐SIII antibody was used to measure the reconstitution of idiotypic determinants in hybrid immunoglobulin molecules.The results show that full recovery of the antigen‐binding properties was obtained only when chains derived from the same antibody molecules were reassociated. Similarly, the complete regain of idiotypic determinants (studied in one antibody system) could only be demonstrated in the homologous recombinants. The pairing of an H‐chain with several heterologous L‐chains, which differed in 6–11 positions in the 3 hypervariable sections, led to the formation of hybrid IgG molecules which had an affinity at least 100‐fold lower than that of the parent antibody molecule and a number of hapten‐binding sites which did not exceed 0.30.
Target cell‐dependent T cell‐mediated lysis of vaccinia virus‐infected cells
Authors: Koszinowski U. , Thomssen R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVaccinia virus specific cytotoxicity against infected target cells was observed in vitro. Spleen lymphocytes from normal and immunized mice of the inbred strains C3H and DBA/2 were incubated with vaccinia virus‐infected and non‐infected 51Cr‐labeled mastocytoma P‐815‐X2 cells and L‐929 fibroblasts, which were used as targets. Cytotoxic lymphocytes could be isolated from the mice as early as 2 days after infection with vaccinia virus. The highest cytotoxic effect was obtained with lymphocytes taken 6 days after infection. The degree of lysi was correlated with the ratio of immune lymphocytes to target cells. Specific blocking of target cell lysis resulted after addition of anti‐vaccinia antibody from different sources. The effector cells could be characterized as T cells by elimination of macrophages and B cells. Target cell killing was only possible in a syngeneic system; allogeneic infected target cells were not lysed significantly.
Early detection of potentially lethal events in T cell‐mediated cytolysis
Authors: MacDonald H. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe short‐term kinetics of the interaction between mouse cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and 51Cr‐labeled target cells was investigated. It was found that addition of EDTA to mixtures of CTL and target cells instantaneously blocked de novo lytic interactions, but did not inhibit the release of 51Cr from already damaged target cells. Using this information, a modified cytolytic assay was developed. By applying this assay to highly active CTL populations generated in secondary mixed leukocyte cultures, it was possible to detect appreciable target cell damage as early as 30 seconds after exposure to CTL. Quantitative studies demonstrated linear relationships between cytolysis and time and between rate of cytolysis and cell number under these assay conditions.
Antigens on mouse and rat lymphocytes recognized by rabbit antiserum against rat brain: The quantitative analysis of a xenogeneic antiserum
Authors: Morris R. J. , Williams A. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractQuantitative assays for measuring the binding of xenogeneic antiserum to dispersed cell suspensions are described. Cells were incubated with unlabeled xenogeneic antiserum and the antibody bound measured indirectly by a second binding step with 125I‐labeled anti‐immunoglobulin antibody. This indirect radioactive binding assay was calibrated by measuring, with a radioimmunoassay, the true amount of antibody bound in the first step. With these methods one can measure the strength of antisera, quantitate the number of antigenic sites, and partially differentiate determinants being recognized on cell surfaces.The binding of rabbit anti‐rat brain antiserum to rat and mouse lymphocytes was analyzed in detail. After absorption of the antiserum with rat liver, the antibody remaining recognized lymphocyte antigens that were distributed among various rat and mouse tissues in quantities identical to Thy‐1.1 antigen. Thus, at saturation, 670 000 Ig molecules from liver‐absorbed rabbit antiserum were bound per rat thymocyte, and the antiserum bound to 90 %, 21 %, 4 % and 2 % of rat thymocytes, spleen, lymph node and thoracic duct lymphocytes, respectively. With mouse tissues, 90 %, 24 %, and 50 % of thymocytes, spleen and lymph node cells, respectively, were labeled. In rat brain the concentration of xenoantigen increased with age, while in thymocytes the full adult amount was present at birth.Three antigenic determinants could be defined with the liver absorbed rabbit antiserum: the Thy‐1. 1 antigen, a rat specific antigen and an antigen cross‐reacting between rat and mouse tissues. All 3 may be on the Thy‐1 molecule. The anti‐brain antiserum contained about 0.05 mg/ml of antibody specific to these xenoantigens.
H‐2‐linked genetic control of antibody response to soluble calf skin collagen in mice
Authors: Hahn E. , Nowack H. , Götze D. , Timpl R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn autosomal dominant immune response gene could be demonstrated in congenic resistant strains of mice which is linked to the H‐2 locus and controls the antibody response to soluble calf collagen. High responsiveness was associated with the H‐2 alleles, b and f, low responsiveness with the H‐2 alleles, d, k, m and r. Studies with calf procollagen, which contains an additional carrier moiety, indicated that these genetic differences might be expressed at the level of T cells.
Comparative studies of sheep immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2: Amino acid sequence of carboxy‐terminal cyanogen bromide fragments from their heavy chains
Authors: Conde F. P. , Deverson E. V. , Milstein Celia P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSheep immunoglobulin IgG1 and immunoglobulin IgG2 heavy chains were treated with cyanogen bromide. The fractions from the C‐terminal end of the heavy chains were isolated and purified, and the amino acid sequences of these fractions were determined. The C‐terminal octadecapeptides from γ1 and γ2 heavy chains had the identical sequence: Met‐His‐Glx‐Ala‐Leu‐His‐Asx‐His‐Tyr‐Thr‐Glx‐Lys‐Ser‐Ile‐Ser‐Lys‐Pro‐Pro‐Gly.Comparison with the C‐terminal peptides of other species, reported in the literature, suggests that the subclasses are the results of recent evolutionary processes. Residues at position 4 from the C‐terminus may be phylogenetically related.
Fine specificity of the H‐2 linked immune response gene for the gallinaceous lysozymes
Authors: Hill Sharon W. , Sercarz E. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immune response (Ir) gene is described which controls the abilityof mice to respond to seven very closely related gallinaceous egg white lysozymes (GEL This Ir‐GEL gene locus is linked to the major histocompatibility locus of the mouse and operates at the level of the T cell. Responsiveness to the nonimmunogenic prototype hen egg white lysozyme(HEL) is dominant and is unrelated to age or sex of the animals, or to dose of protein administered.Ninety percent of C57BL/6 mice are absolute nonresponders to thenonimmun genic lysozymes in complete Freund's adjuvant. The remaining mice exhibit severely restricted responses, with different anti‐HEL clonotypes appearing in individual mice.The fine specificity of the Ir‐GEL locus is evident in the discrimination of as few as two amino acid differences in a single region of the lysozyme molecule. This very precise distinction determines whether there will, or will not, be any response to the multideterminant molecule.
Regulation of the immune response by subclasses of T lymphocytes. II. The effect of adult thymectomy upon humoral and cellular responses in mice
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth , Cantor H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunologic consequences resulting from thymectomy in adult lifewere investigated. Primary humoral responses were not diminished shortlyafter adult thymectomy, as judged by responses of intact thymetomized mice as well as by the ability of spleen cells from such mice to transfer primary responses. However, secondary humoral responses were substantially reduced in irradiated recipients of spleen cells from primed adult‐thymectomized mice, suggesting that the thymus is required in adultlife to maintain a population of cells important in the generation of immunologic helper memory. By contrast, small doses of anti‐ thymocyte serum, which primarily affect recirculating T cells, abrogated the printary humoral response, but allowed the subsequent development of immune memory.Using a technique permitting in vitro sensitization of purified T cells to alloantigens, it was shown that adult thymectomy increasesthe ability of T cells to generate primary cytotoxic responses, but had little effect upon the development of cytotoxic T memory activity. Theseexperiments suggest that in adult life the thymus maintains a regulatorypopulation of T cells in peripheral tissues which suppress early T cell differentiation to cytotoxic effector cells and potentiates the development of immune memory.
Antibody response to phosphorylcholine in vitro. I. Studies on the frequency of precursor cells, average clone size and cellular cooperation
Authors: Cosenza H , Quintáns J , Lefkovits I 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe anti‐phosphorylcholine (PC) antibodies synthesized by BALB/c spleen cells in microcultures upon immunization with heat‐killed vaccine of Pneucocci R36A (Pn) are directed exclusively to the PC epitope. These antibod are of very restricted avidity and 88 % of the responding clones express the idiotype characteristic of the TEPC‐15 PC‐binding myeloma. This idiotypi restriction appears to be due to the absence of clones capable of expressins other idiotypes, rather than to “clonal dominance”.The estimated frequency of precursor cells for the PC epitope is 1 × 10− to 2.5 × 10−5. These precursors give rise to clones with an average size of 9 plaque‐forming cells. When the logarithm of the numberof negative wells was plottedagainst the number of spleen cells/well, the fraction of nonresing cultures decreased exponentially as the number of spleen cells was increased. This indicated that only one cell type was limiting in our assay, presumable B cell. Furthermore, treatment of spleen cells with AKR anti‐Θ serum completelyabolished the response to sheep red cells without affecting the response to. It is concluded that PC is a T cell‐independent antigen. Of interest was the finding that PC requires adherent (A) cells and this is a particular character of PC, since most T cell‐independent antigens have been found not torequire A cells. Reasons for the possible homogeneity of the response to PC are a discussed.
Binding of (T,G)‐A—L by normal sera
Authors: Krouwels J. M. , Bruning J. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe synthetic polypeptide poly‐L‐(Tyr, Glu)‐poly‐DL‐Ala—poly‐L‐Lys [(T,G)‐A—L] was found to be bound not only by mouse immune serum, but also by nonimmune sera from several species. A combination of immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography showed that albumin, β‐globulins and immunoglobulins in these sera maybind the antigen. This binding pattern is different, however, for the various species investigated.
A new method of radioiodine labeling of polyanionic macromolecules for radiommunoassay
Authors: Little J. R. , Blanke T. J. , Little Katharine D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method is described for radiolabeling polyanionic macromolecules by the formation of an electrostatic complex with a radioiodinated tyramine conjugated DEAE‐dextran. Data is presented on the use of this technique for the detection and quantitation of immunospecific binding of polynitrophenylated proteins, deoxyribonucleic acids, and cell surfaceantigens.
Immunoglobulin turnover in B lymphocyte subpopulations
Authors: Melchers F , Cone R. E. , von Boehmer H , Sprent J 
Published: February 2007

Abstract“In vitro” turnover of turnover of leucine‐labeled and of radioiodinated IgM has been studied with cells from various lymphoid organs of nude mice, i.e. lymph nodes, thoracic duct, spleen and bone marrow, as well as with subpopulations of B cells fromspleen and bone marrow separated by free flow electrophoresis.Three types of IgM‐producing lymphocytes could be distinguished by their turnover rates of IgM, by the size of the released IgM and by the capacity of the IgM molecules to be labeled by the lactoperoxidase‐catalyzed radioiodination reaction and/or by incorporation of radioactive leucine. Type I cells release 7—8 S IgM rapidly (t1/2 = 1—3 h); the released IgM is leucine‐labeled and radioiodinated. Type II cells release 7—8S IgM slowly (t1/2 = 10—30); the released IgM is leucine labeled and radioiodinated. Type III cells release 19 S IgM rapidly (t1/2 = 2—4 h);the released IgM is leucine labeled, but not radioiodinated. Lymph nodesand thoracic duct contain predominantly type II cells, bone marrow contains type I and II cells, spleen contains type I, II and III cells. It is suggested that type III cells areIg‐secreting, plaque‐forming plasma cells, type II cells are small, resting “memory” B cells, and type I cells may be newly formed antigen‐inexperienced B cells.
Immunologic induction of reticulum cell sarcoma: donor‐type lymhomas in the graft‐versus‐host model
Authors: Gleichmann E , Peters K , Lattmann Evelyn , Gleichmann Helga 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate malignant lymphomas of donor origin induced in F1 mice undergoing a chronic graft‐versus‐host reaction (GVHR) after injection of parental strain spleen cells. A total of 3 × 108 or 4 × 108 C57BL/10 spleen cells were administered to 7—8‐week‐old H‐2 incompaltible (C57BL/10 × HTG)F1 hybrids either as single or fractionated i.p. injections. Recipients were killed at intervals ranging from 1 month to 1 year after the first injection and their lymphoid cells typed for host‐derived and donor‐derived histocompatibility antigens. In 49 % of the 88 GVH F1 mice, cells failed to be killed by a hyperimmune serum against HTG (H‐2g) but reacted normally with antisera to C57BL/10(H‐2b) and, in the 9 cases tested, to theta‐C3H. The conclusion that the lymphoid cells of these mice were derived from donor cells was supported by the finding that these amimals lacked immunoglobulins bearing host‐derived Iga allotype in their serum.Forty‐three percent of the GVH F1 mice developed reticulum cell sarcomas (RCS), 32 % revealed hyperplasticlymphoreticular tissue, and 25 % showed no grossly abnormal changes. Mice with donor‐typelymphoid tissues were found in all three groups; 50 % of the 38 RCS detected were donor‐type neoplasms. The induction of donor‐type RCS during the GVHR strengthens the concept of lymphomagenesis through persistent stimulation with antigen(s).
The amino‐terminal sequence of the VHIII subgroup ofpooled porcine IgG
Authors: Franěk F. , Wasserman R. L. , Novotn J , Kehoe J. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPig γ‐chains contain a significant fraction of the unblocked VHIII variable region subgroup. The amino terminal sequence (30 residues) was found to be uniform and more than 90 % homologous with the prototype sequence of the human VHIII subgroup. An additional VHIII phylogenetically associated residue, glutamic acidin position 2 was identified in these porcine heavy chains.
Immunological effects of IgT synthesized by thetapositive cell lines
Authors: Feldmann Marc , Boylston A , Hogg Nancy M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of immunologlobulin (Ig) purified by affinity chromatography from two cultured T cell lines on in vitro immune responses was studied. IgT purified from both EL‐4 and WEHI‐22 suppressed the thymus‐dependent IgM response, but had no effect on thethymus‐independent IgM response. In contrast, the IgG responses to both thymus‐dependent and independent antigens were augmented at optimal concentrations of IgT. Ig of B cell origin — serum Ig, myeloma Ig, B cell surface Ig — did not have any of these effects. Because of the similarity of the effects of IgT purified from the lymphomas with the effects of T cells and their IgT, it seems likely that the IgT obtained from EL‐4 and WEHI‐22 cell lines are analogues of normal IgT and thus should be useful in elucidating some of the chemicaland biological properties of IgT.