bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose metabolism in patients with Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Bowes S. B. , Benn J. J. , Scobie I. N. , Umpleby A. M. , Lowy C. , Sonksen P. H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryGlucose intolerance, sometimes severe enough to cause frank diabetes mellitus, is a Irequent feature of Cushing's syndrome. The primary cause of the hyperglycaemia, whether due to glucose over‐production or under‐utiliza‐tion, remains unresolved. We therefore measured glucose turnover using an intravenous bolus of 3‐3H glucose in 14 normoglycaemlc patients with Cushing's syndrome and 14 control subjects. Seven of the patients with Cushing's syndrome were also restudied post‐operatively. Plasma glucose concentrations were similar in all three groups whereas glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCR) (1.80 ± 0.06 ml/min/kg) and glucose turnover rate (9.09 ± 0.36 μmol/min/kg) were significantly reduced in patients with Cushing's syndrome compared to normal subjects (2.21 ± 0.1; P< 0.001; 10.90±0.50; P<0.01) and rose post‐operatively to normal values (2.35 ± 0.14 ml/ min/kg; 11.07 ± 0.48 μmol/min/kg). We conclude from these results that the hyperglycaemia sometimes found in Cushing's syndrome may be primarily due to decreased utilization rather than increased glucose production.
Role for cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the synergistic interaction between oxytocin and corticotrophin‐releasing factor in isolated human gestational myometrium
Authors: Quartero Hendrlk W. P. , Srivatsa Geeta , Glllham Brian 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective We wished to investigate the role of cAMP In the synergistic effect of corticotrophin‐releasing factor and oxytocin on human myometrial contractility design Isolated human gestational myometrium obtained from Caesarean sections at term was studied in vitro. Static incubation techniques as well as tension recordings were applied to the tissue obtained. patients The subjects were healthy pregnant women undergoing lower segment Caesarean section at term, prior to labour measurements Specimens obtained were immediately dissected into small strips and either incubated In multiwell trays (strip weight 2·75 mg) or superfused and used for tension recordings (strip weight 2·00 mg). cAMP accumulation was measured after incubation with oxytocin (0·1–10 nm), corticotrophin‐releasing factor (1 nm) or a combination of both peptidesTension generated by the muscie strips was recorded isometrically and response to oxytocin (0·01–10 nm), corticotrophin‐releasing factor (1 nm) and forskolin (10 nm) expressed in force per gram wet tissue (N/g) results Oxytocin (0·1 nm) causes a statistically significant dose‐related decrease in cAMP when combined with 1 nm corticotrophin‐releasing factor (P > 0·001), as compared with cAMP stimulation by corticotrophin‐releasing factor alone. Time course studies suggest a maximal effect at 1 minute. The hypothesis that an intracellular reduction of cAMP is a prerequisite for the synergistic response In contraction force was tested with tension recordings. Prevention of a decrease in cAMP in the tissue by addition of 10 nM forskolin to the superfusate abolished the potentlation between oxytocin and corticotrophin‐releasing factor. conclusions These results indicate that a fall in cAMP concentration plays a vital mediating role in the synergistic interaction between oxytocin and corticotrophin‐releasing factor
Pituitary–ovarian function in women with minimal or mild endometriosis and otherwise unexplained infertility
Authors: Bancroft K. , Vaughan Williams C. A. , Elstein M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective To determine whether abnormalities of pltuitary–ovarian function are associated with minor degrees of endometriosls in women with Otherwise unexplained infertility design Comparison of pituitary–ovarian function in a group of 22 patients with that in a control group of 10 healthy fertile women patients Twenty‐two women with minimal or miid endometrlosls and otherwise Unexplained infertility measurements Ovarian ultrasound and radloimmunoassay of pituitary and ovarian hormones results Abnormalities, including lutelnizatlon of unruptured follicles, broad LH surges and low concentrations of progesterone during the luteal phase, were demonstrated in 82% of study cycles conclusion Pituitary‐ovarian dysfunction appears to be associated with minimal or mild endometriosis in women with otherwise unexplained infertility but the diversity of endocrine abnormalities demonstrated suggests that endometriosis is unlikely to be an aetlologlcal factor in their development
Results of long‐term continuous subcutaneous octreotide administration in 14 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Modlgliani E. , Cohen R. , Joannldis S. , Slame‐Mourot C. , Guliana J. M. , Charpentier G. , Cassuto D. , Bentala Pessayre M. , Tabarin A. , Roger P. , Caron P. , Gulllausseau P. J. , Lalau J. D. , Tournlafre J. , Bayard F. , Aulévre P. , James‐Deldier A. , Catmettest C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective Treatment by octreotide has been suggested In medullary thyroid carcinoma patients with post‐surgery metastases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate If the tumoral regression could be Improved by a high dose and by prolonged octreotide treatment design Fourteen thyrofdectomized patients were studled. All patients had persistently elevated plasma calcltonin levels with normal or elevated carclno‐embryonlc antigen levels. Five hundred μ g/day of octreotide were administered by continuous subcutaneous Infusion for 90 days. measurements Plasma calcltonin and carcino‐embryo‐nic antigen levels were determined at days –30, –20, –2, –1, 0, +30, +60, +90, +120; morphological extension was evaluated every month results Continuous infusion of octreotide did not Induce any significant decrease of calcitonln levels, or any morphological improvement, and had no major undesirable effect. However, in 4/14 patients calcitonln levels fell during treatment (–43, –50, –15, –20%), and in 9 patients calcitonln increased (+ 22 to +130%) after cessation of therapy conclusion Biological or morphological parameters of medullary thyroid carcinoma are not significantly improved in a large series of patients treated by octreotide
Changes in stimulating and blocking TSH receptor antibodies in a patient undergoing three cycles of transition from hypo to hyper‐thyroidism and back to hypothyroidism
Authors: Kralem Z. , Baron E. , Kahana L. , Sadeh O. , Shelnfeld M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe report a patient who underwent, over a mere 3‐year period, three successive cycles of oscillation from hypo to hyper‐thyroidism and back to hypothyroidism. This unusual sequence of events originated In a rare passage of primary hypothyroidism to hyper‐thyroidism. The hy‐perthyroldlsm seemed typical of the autolmune subgroup of toxic multlnodular goitre. Stimulating and blocking TSH receptor antibody activities were measured (by cAMP functional bioassays using cultured human thyrocytes) during the course of the fluctuating phases of hypo and hyper‐thyroidism. Measurement of such antibody activities revealed the coexistence of both stimulatory and blocking types of antibody In several serum samples from the patient. Throughout the whole course of alterations In thyroid function, thyroid stimulating antibodies were present. This was not the case with thyrotrophln receptor antibodies exhibiting TSH antagonist activity which seemed to appear and disappear. Monitoring such activity Indicated that the emergence of blocking antibody seems to herald the onset of hypothyroidism
Growth hormone treatment in Turner's syndrome: short and long‐term effects on metabolic parameters
Authors: Haeusler Gabriele , Frisch H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective The effect of GH administration on various metabolic parameters and on growth and bone age development was studied in patients with Turner's syndrome design Patients were treated with daily s.c. GH (20 IU/m2/ week) and ethinyloestradiol p.o. (100 ng/kg/day) during the first year and with additional oxandrolone (0·125 mg/ kg/day) during the second year. The responses of free fatty acids (FFA), urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (HP) and IGF‐I were evaluated after short‐term GH application. Glucose tolerance was investigated before any therapy, during treatment with GH and oestradiol and after adding oxandrolone, respectively. The course of growth, bone age and IGF‐I levels was followed throughout the study. patients Eleven patients with Turner's syndrome aged 12·6±1·9 years (mean ± SD) were included results Free fatty acids increased significantly 4 hours after one s.c. injection of GH (0·7±0·2–1·1±0·3 mmol/l; mean ± SD). Mean urinary hydroxyproline excretion remained unchanged after 6 weeks of GH therapy (337 ± 206–299 ± 145 μ mol/m2/24 h), but there was a significant negative correlation between individual hydroxyproline values and the peak serum GH followed stimulation. IGF‐I was in the prepubertal range and increased significantly after 3 days of GH injection (30·0±10·0–42·5±10·0 nmol/l). Growth velocity (in Turner's syndrome related SD) increased from 0·0±0·3 SD before treatment to 0·9±0·8 SD after the first year and to 3·4±1·3 SD during the second year of treatment. There was no undue acceleration of bone age. During long‐term treatment, IGF‐I increased significantly only when oxandrolone was added. Two patients had impaired glucose tolerance prior to GH therapy and three additional children developed impaired or abnormal glucose tolerance after GH therapy. Insulin concentrations increased significantly only after introduction of oxandrolone. conclusions Patients with Turner's syndrome who had lower basal IGF‐I levels had signlflcantly higher responses of IGF‐I, free fatty acids and hydroxyproline (P > 0·01 for all parameters) after short‐term GH appllcation. The data Indicate adequate endocrine and metabolic responses in patients with Turner's syndrome which are the basis for growth promoting action. A considerable number of patients had impaired glucose tolerance during GH treatment.
A prospective examination of octreotide‐induced gall‐bladder changes in acromegaly
Authors: Eastman Richard C. , Arakaki Richard F. , Shawker Thomas , Schock Roxanne , Roach Paris , Coml Richard J. , Gorden Phillip 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective We wished to determine the effects of octreetide acetate, a somatostatin analogue, on gall‐bladder function during treatment of acromegaly desiqn We used a prospective, open label trial of somatostatin analogue patients Seventeen patients with acromegaly took part measurements Ultrasonographic evaluation of gallbladder contents were performed pretreatment, after 1 month, and subsequently at intervals of 3–6 months results Non‐shadowing floating echogenic particles were observed in the gall‐bladder in 12 of 17 patients after (mean ± SEM) 24·5±0·46 months of treatment. During longterm treatment (mean 20·8±4·3, median 13, range 1–59 months), ultrasound evidence for cholelithiasis was observed In four patients after 20·4 months (range 4·2±43) months of octreotide therapy. No symptoms of biliary tract disease have been observed. Duration of acromegaly, average GH, average IGF‐I, gender, age at entry, dose of analogue, and concurrent use of non‐steroldal anti‐inflammatory drugs did not affect the occurrence of sludge or gallstones conclusions Formation of non‐shadowing, floating echogenic particles occurs commonly during the first 6 months of treatment with octreotide acetate. Cholelithiasis is a risk of long‐term treatment
Impact of octreotide, a long‐acting somatostatin analogue, on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in acromegaly
Authors: Ho Ken K.Y. , Jenkins Authur B. , Furler Stuart M. , Borkman Mark , Chisholm Donald J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective We aimed to investigate the impact of a longacting somatostatin analogue, octreotide, on glucose tolerance and on insulin sensitivity in acromegaly design We performed a non‐randomized controlled trial patients Seven patients with active acromegaly were assessed before and during octreotide therapy given in a dose of 500 μ g three times daily subcutaneously. measurements The effects of octreotide on carbohydrate metabolism were assessed by performing a glucose tolerance test and a euglycaemlc hyperinsulinaemic clamp. These latter tests were undertaken 8 hours after the last dose, allowing GH and glucagon to return to pretreatment levels during the study results Octreotide significantly reduced (P > 0·05) mean ± SEM 12‐h GH (from 42·13 to 10·3 mIU/l) and IGF‐I (from 4·2±0·5 to 2·1±0·5 U/ml) concentrations. Glucose tolerance was normalized in four of five patients with impaired glucose tolerance without a significant change In mean insulin concentrations. The improvement In fasting and mean blood glucose during glucose tolerance testing was dependent on the pretherapy blood glucose concentrations (r=–0·95, P= 0·002). The glucose infusion rate during the hyperinsulinaemic (5 U/h) clamp was significantly increased (P > 0·05, 15·3±1·8 vs 24·2±5·4 μ mol/kg min) following octreotide treatment. Insulin infusion during the glucose clamp completely suppressed hepatic glucose production during but not before octreotide treatment (79·2±4 vs 0·7±2·2 μ mol/kg min, P= 0·02). Insulin‐mediated stimulation of peripheral glucose uptake was unaffected by treatment. Mean GH and glucagon levels during both clamp studies were no: significantly different. conclusions Octreotide improves whole body insulln sensitivity by an increased ability of Insulln to suppress hepatic glucose production without affecting the substantial Impairment of perpheral insutin action. Octrectide has beneficial attects on carbohydrate metabollsm in acromegallc patients with glucose intoferance
Graves’ ophthalmopathy in relation to cigarette smoking and ethnic origin
Authors: Tellez Marlsol , Cooper Jackie , Edmonds Charles 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective We aimed to study the effect of cigarette smoking on the prevalence and severity of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) patients One hundred and fifty‐five newly diagnosed patients with Graves’ disease (GD) were diagnosed clinically and by routine biochemical methods. Twenty‐five per cent (39) were of Asian origin methods Eye signs were classified according to the American Thyroid Association Classification. A detailed smoking questionnaire and data from hospital notes were used to calculate an index of cigarette consumption results Thirty‐four per cent of all patients had Graves’ ophthalmopathy, and the prevalence in males (26%) and females (36%) did not differ significantly. There was a prevalence of 42% among Europeans compared to 7·7% in Asians (P= 0·0002). The overall risk for Europeans for developing Graves’ ophthalmopathy was 6·4 (1·78–22·7 confidence interval) times higher than for Asians. Corrected for the ethnic factor the increased risk from smoking for Europeans was 2·4 (1·12–5·18, 95% confidence interval) times higher. There was a significant dose effect (P= 0·008). conclusions The present findings confirm an effect of cigarette smoking on Graves’ ophthalmopathy and in addition show that Europeans have a substantially greater risk of developing Graves’ ophthalmopathy than have Asians
Galanin reinstates the growth hormone response to repeated growth hormone‐releasing hormone administration in man
Authors: Arvat E. , Ghigo E. , Nicoiosi M. , Boffan G. M. , Bellone J. , Yin‐Zhang W. , Mazza E. , Camanni F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective To clarify the mechanism by which galanin, a 29‐amino‐acid peptide, increases GH secretion in man design We studied the GH‐releasing effect of this neuro‐hormone (galanln, 15 μ/kg) Infused over 60 minutes after 120 minutes of saline, following a previous GHRH bolus (GHRH 1 μ/kg i.v. at 0 minutes, galanin infused from 120 to 180 minutes) and coadministered with the second of two consecutive GHRH boluses (GHRH every 120 minute galanin infused from 120 to 180 minutes). patients Fourteen healthy male subjects, aged 20–34 years, in two groups (group A, 20–31 years (n= 8); group B, 25–34 years (n= 6)) were studied. measurements Blood samples were drawn every 15 minutes for 255 minutes. Serum GH was measured In duplicate by IRMA. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by non‐parametric ANOVA test results The GH response to galanin infused 120 minutes after saline overlapped with that Induced by the neuropeptide infused following previous GHRH bolus (AUC, mean ± SEM: 317·3±73·2 vs 326·8±54·2 μ/l/h). The GH‐releasing effect of the second GHRH bolus (126·9±32·3 μ/l/h) was lower than that of the first one (503·4±41·3 μ/l/h; P= 0·0002). Galanln markedly enhanced the GH responses to the second GHRH bolus (1118·0±212·7 μg/l/h; P= 0·0002 vs second GHRH bolus alone) so that it did not significantly differ from the first one (710·9±107·8 μg/l/h). conclusions Our results show that the GH‐releasing effect of galanin is not modified by GHRH pretreatment and that the neuropeptide reinstates the GH response to the repeated GHRH stimulation in man. They suggest that these effects are due to the inhibition of hypothalamic somatostatin release
Efficacy of a new long‐acting injectable form of bromocriptine in hyperprolactinaemic patients
Authors: Paganl M. D. , Tengattini F. , Montini M. , Pagani G. , Pedroncelli A. , Gianola D. , Gherardi F. , Mazzocchi N. , Cortesi L. , Lancranjan I. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of different doses of a long‐acting bromocriptine preparation (Pariodel LAR) to the degree and duration of PRL suppression. We also measured circulating bromocriptine levels and altered tolerability of the drug design A double‐blind randomized study of three different doses 25, 50 and 100 mg of Pariodel LAR patients Twenty‐one female patients (seven patients/dose) with both tumoral and non‐tumoral hyperproiactinaemia measurements After a single injection of Parlodel LAR 25, 50 or 100 mg, serum PRL and plasma bromocrlptlne levels were assessed during a follow‐up of 60 days together with changes in clinical symptoms and signs of hyperproiactinaemia results Serum PRL levels normailzed In 19 of 21 patients. The suppression of PRL secretion lasted 28 days in four of seven patients treated with either 25 or 50 mg Parlodei LAR and in five of seven patients who received Parlodel LAR 100 mg. In five of seven patients treated with the 100 mg dose, serum PRL levels were still within the normal range on day 60. Plasma bromocriptine levels remained therapeutically active for 28 days in all three groups. On day 60 they were within the therapeutic range only in the 100 mg group. Clinical data show a rapid disappearance of symptoms and signs of hyperprolactlnaemla. Adverse events were mostly mild and transient conclusions These data support the excellent efficacy and good tolerability of Pariodel LAR in patients with hyperproiactinaemia
Age‐related changes in bone density, serum parathyroid hormone, calcium absorption and other indices of bone metabolism in Chinese women
Authors: Chan E. L. P. , Lau E. , Shek C. C. , MacDonald D. , Woo J. , Leung P. C. , Swamlnathan R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective To study the age‐related changes in bone density, serum parathyroid hormone, calcium absorption and other indices of calcium metabolism in Chinese women who habitually have a low calcium intake design Cross‐sectional study subjects One hundred and fifty‐six healthy Chinese women aged 20–83 years. None were on any medication or vitamin supplements. Subjects over the age of 60 years were all living in a hostel; younger subjects were nurses or subjects attending a family clinic for minor illnesses measurements Fasting blood and urine samples were collected for biochemical measurements and calcium absorption was measured using Ca by the method of Marshall and Nordin. Bone density was measured by dual energy X‐ray densitometry (Norland X R20 X‐ray bone densitometer) at the left hip and lumbar spine. Serum parathyroid hormone was measured by a chemiluminometric assay results Plasma Ionized calcium concentration, alkaline phosphatase, bicarbonate, plasma creatinine and serum B2 microgiobulin were significantly higher in the elderly than in the young, whereas plasma phosphate and the anion gap were higher in the young. Urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate and hydroxyproiine were all higher in older women. Plasma parathyroid hormone concentration was positively correlated with age even after taking into account the decline in renal function (as indicated by the rise in B2 microglobulin (r= 0·506, P > 0·001). Serum concentrations of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D were not lower In the older women. Fractional calcium absorption from an oral load of radlolabelled calcium was slgnificantly lower in the older women and 37% of the older women were below the 2.5 percentile found in the younger women. Bone density measured by dual energy X‐ray densitometry was also significantly lower in the elderly. conclusion In Chinese women there is an Increase in PTH and a decrease in calcium absorption with age in spite of the presence of normal vitamin D metabolites
Social, educational and vocational status of 48 young adult females with gonadal dysgenesis
Authors: Aran O. , Galatzer A. , Kaull R. , Nagelberg N. , Roblcsek Y. , Laron Z. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational, vocational and social function of young adults with gonadal dysgenesis design Forty‐eight female patients with gonadal dysgenesis (17, 45XO; 26, 45XO/46XX or other mosaics; and five pure gonadal dysgenesis) followed by our multidisciplinary team from childhood, were re‐evaluated in adult age results Mean age ±SD at diagnosis was 11·4±5·0 years and mean age at the time of survey was 29·6±6·3 years. The mean final height for the patients was 145·5±8·3 cm (range 134–170 cm). Mean verbal IQ (WISC‐R) for the 39 subjects tested was 101·4±20·7 and mean performance IQ was 86·8±17·7. No difference in verbal IQ levels was found between the various karyotype groups. Twenty‐five had an academic education. All were employed except for one housewife; 37 work in white collar professions. A significant corelatlon was found between verbal IQ and education (P= 0·005) and between verbal IQ and profession (P= 0·005). Twenty‐three served in the army. Fourteen are married: three have an adopted child and two a child born after in vitro fertilization (IVF); others are waiting for IVF or adoption. Five patients had some form of psychiatric problem that required psychiatric or psychological treatment in the past (two had transitory anorexia nervosa and three behavioural problems). Sixty‐three per cent reported having wide and satisfactory social relations but limited to female friends. conclusion Positive adjustment in the professional area and fair adjustment in the social area were not related to physical stigmata or to any other independent variable tested, but rather to intellectual ability and a high degree of achievement motivation