bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Practical Method for the Synthesis of Pyrrolizidine, Indolizidine and Pyrroloazepinolizidine Nucleus.
Authors: Quiroz Tomas , Corona David , Covarruvias Adrian , Avila‐Zarraga Jose Gustavo , Romero‐Ortega Moises 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Antiviral, Antituberculostic, and Antibacterial Activities of Some Novel, 4‐(4‐Substituted phenyl)‐6‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐(substituted imino)pyrimidines.
Authors: Siddiqui Anees A. , Rajesh Ramadoss , Mojahid‐Ul‐Islam Mojahid‐Ul‐Islam , Alagarsamy Veerachamy , De Clercq Erick 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4,7‐trione and Pyrido[2,3‐d:6,5‐d] Dipyrimidine‐2,4,6,8‐tetrone Derivatives.
Authors: Dabiri Minoo , Arvin‐Nezhad Hamid , Khavasi Hamid Reza , Bazgir Ayoob 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Construction of Six‐Membered Fused Heterocyclic Rings via Pd/C‐Mediated C—C Coupling Followed by Iodocyclization Strategy: A New Entry to 2H‐1,2‐Benzothiazine‐1,1‐dioxides.
Authors: Barange Deepak Kumar , Batchu Venkateswara Rao , Gorja Dhillirao , Pattabiraman Vijaya Raghavan , Tatini Lakshmi Kumar , Babu J. Moses , Pal Manojit 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Thiazines by Sequential 4‐Oxothiazolidine to 1,2‐Dithiole to 1,3‐Thiazine Transformations: Role of Intramolecular Non‐Bonded S×××O Interactions.
Authors: Rasovic Aleksandar , Steel Peter J. , Kleinpeter Erich , Markovic Rade 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bolevenine, a Toxic Protein from the Japanese Toadstool Boletus venenatus
Authors: Matsuura Masanori , Yamada Mina , Saikawa Yoko , Miyairi Kazuo , Okuno Toshikatsu , Konno Katsuhiro , Uenishi Jun'ichi , Hashimoto Kimiko , Nakata Masaya 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convergent Synthesis of the CDEF Ring Fragment of Yessotoxin via α‐Cyano Ethers.
Authors: Oishi Tohru , Suzuki Miho , Watanabe Koji , Murata Michio 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Reduction of Three‐Dimensional Silica Microassemblies into Microporous Silicon Replicas.
Authors: Bao Zhihao , et al. et al. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase Transitions in Multiferroic BiFeO3 Crystals, Thin‐Layers, and Ceramics. Enduring Potential for a Single Phase, Room‐Temperature Magnetoelectric ′Holy Grail′
Authors: Kadomtseva A. M. , Popov Yu. F. , Pyatakov A. P. , Vorob'ev G. P. , Zvezdin A. K. , Viehland D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design, Synthesis and Photophysics of Ruthenium and Osmium Complexes (20 Years of Collaboration)
Authors: De Cola Luisa , Belser Peter , Von Zelewsky Alex , Voegtle Fritz 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ideen zum Mol‐Begriff
Authors: Hadfield Malcolm 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDER MOL‐BEGRIFF gehört trotz der Geläufigkeit, mit der Chemiker, Chemielehrer und erfahrene Schüler mit ihm umgehen, zu den für den jungen Schüller schwierigen Begriffen. In diesem Artikel möchte ich den Weg vorstellen, den ich unter teilweiser Anlehnung an das Nuffield‐Konzept in meinem Chemieunterricht gegangen bin. Wichtig erscheint mir auch heute der frühzeitige Umgang mit sehr kleinen Größen und die frühzeitige Einführung der Idee relativer Massen für Atome und Moleküle. Ich habe versucht, diesen Gedanken durch Rückgriffe aus der Lebenswelt und durch Modell‐Experimente zu veranschaulichen. Aus den relativen Massen kann man nun, wenn man sie in Gramm angibt, den Molbegriff definieren als 6,02 · 1023 Atome, Moleküle bzw. Teilchen. Im weiteren Verlauf meines Artikels möchte ich zeigen, wie man an geeigneten Stellen diesen Molbegriff mit dem Periodensystem der Elemente verbinden kann, ihn zur Ermittlung chemischer Formeln nutzen und mit seiner Hilfe den „Valenz”︁‐Begriff einführen kann. Ich möchte betonen, daß die im Artikel dargestellten Aspekte nicht „am Stück”︁ unterrichtet wurden, sondern an geeigneten Stellen meines Unterrichtsprogramms eingebaut wurden.
Der Mensch in der Umwelt Fach‐ und schulformübergreifende Zusammenarbeit in der gymnasialen Oberstufe für die Fächer Biologie und Chemie in Marl
Authors: Schultes‐Bannert Lorenz 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMIT DEN AUSSAGEN der Kultusministerkonferenz von 1995 zur Weiterentwicklung der gymnasialen Oberstufe wird dem fächerübergreifenden Lernen eine erheblich größere Bedeutung zugemessen als dies in der Vergangenheit der Fall war. Den Beratungen der Kultusministerkonferenz lag die Auffassung zugrunde, die Fachbildung sei zwar eine notwendige Grundlage der Studierfähigkeit. Es sei aber gleichfalls erforderlich, Wissen, Fertigkeiten und Einstellungen zu bündeln. Besonders diese Sichtweise zielt darauf ab, Formen ganzheitlichen Lernens in fächerübergreifender Perspektive in dafür passenden Lernorganisationsformen zu entwickeln. Dabei sollen komplexe Problemstellungen und Schlüsselprobleme betrachtet werden, die fachübergreifend, unter Stärkung der sozialen Kompetenz und der Kooperationsfähigkeit in der gymnasialen Oberstufe bearbeitet werden [1]Neue Medien, die für die heutigen programmtechnischen, fachdidaktischen und mediendidaktischen Anforderungen zur Verfügung stehen, sollen selbst ein integratives Band für aktiv konstruierendes, handlungsorientiertes und fächerübergreifendes Lernen darstellen. Ein wissenschaftsorientierter Unterricht, der auch berufsvorbereitend angelegt ist, wird durch die neuen Medien unterstützt. Modellbildung und Simulation mit dem Computer, Anwendungen von Tabellenkalkulationsprogrammen, die Erfassung und Bearbeitung von Meßwerten und die variable, medienintegrative Dokumentation von Ergebnissen sind für die Verwirklichung von fachübergreifendem Unterricht von hohem Nutzen [2].
Quantitative Alkoholbestimmung in Wein Ein Praktikumsversuch für eine Unterrichtseinheit Redoxreaktionen
Authors: Reineck Peter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVOR DEM HINTERGRUND der gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit wird bei diesem Praktikumsversuch das alkoholische Getränk Wein auf eine andere Ebene gehoben ‐ die der Untersuchungssubstanz. Ethanol wird aus einer kleinen Probe Wein in eine Vorlage mit Kaliumchromat und Salpetersäure destilliert. Aus dem iodometrisch ermittelten Verbrauch an Kaliumchromat läßt sich die Menge an Ethanol ermitteln. Bei diesem Versuch sollen exaktes Experimentieren und stöchiometrisches Rechnen eingeübt werdenBei Verkehrskontrollen wird der Alkoholgehalt in der Atemluft mit Alco‐Check‐Röhrchen ermittelt. In der Forensischen Chemie bedient man sich heute zur Bestimmung des Alkoholgehaltes im Blut der Gaschromatographie und der Alkohol‐Dehydrogenase‐Methode.
Repetitive short‐course hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with high‐dose 5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Park Jun Yong , Ahn Sang Hoon , Yoon Young Joon , Kim Ja Kyung , Lee Hyun Woong , Lee Do Yun , Chon Chae Yoon , Moon Young Myoung , Han Kwang‐Hyub 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has often been selected as a therapeutic option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of repetitive HAIC with high‐dose 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and cisplatin given for 3 days in patients with advanced HCC.METHODS.Between January 2001 and December 2004, a total of 41 patients with unresectable advanced HCC were enrolled. The patients underwent HAIC via the implantable port system with 5‐FU (at a dose of 500 mg/m2 on Days 1–3) and cisplatin (at a dose of 60 mg/m2 on Day 2) every 4 weeks. Tumor response was assessed at the end of every 3 cycles.RESULTS.The median age of the patients was 53 years and 34 patients (82.9%) had evidence of portal vein thrombosis. In total, 230 cycles of HAIC were administered to the 41 patients, with a median of 6 cycles given (range, 1–14 cycles). Nine patients (22.0%) achieved a partial response and 14 patients (34.1%) had stable disease. The median time to disease progression and overall survival were 7.0 months and 12.0 months, respectively. The overall survival was found to be significantly longer in the successful disease control group (patients with a complete response, partial response, and stable disease) than in the disease progression group (median of 14.0 months vs 6.0 months; P < .001). Adverse reactions were tolerable and successfully managed with conservative treatment.CONCLUSIONS.HAIC with high‐dose 5‐FU and cisplatin given for 3 days achieved effective and safe results in patients with advanced HCC. Therefore, repetitive short‐course HAIC with high‐dose 5‐FU and cisplatin may be useful as an alternative therapeutic option for patients with advanced HCC. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Chromium picolinate and biotin combination improves glucose metabolism in treated, uncontrolled overweight to obese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Albarracin Cesar A. , Fuqua Burcham C. , Evans Joseph L. , Goldfine Ira D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundChromium and biotin play essential roles in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of chromium picolinate and biotin on glycaemic control.MethodsFour hundred and forty‐seven subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c≥ 7.0%) were enrolled and received either chromium picolinate (600 µg Cr+3) with biotin (2 mg), or matching placebo, for 90 days in combination with stable oral anti‐diabetic agents (OADs). Major endpoints were reductions in HbA1c, fasting glucose, and lipids. Safety and tolerability were assessed.ResultsChange in HbA1cwas significantly different between treatment groups (p= 0.03). HbA1cin the chromium picolinate/biotin group decreased 0.54%. The decrease in HbA1cwas most pronounced in chromium picolinate/biotin subjects whose baseline HbA1c≥ 10%, and highly significant when compared with placebo (−1.76%vs− 0.68%;p= 0.005). Fasting glucose levels were reduced in the entire chromium picolinate/biotin groupversusplacebo (−9.8 mg/dLvs0.7 mg/dL;p= 0.02). Reductions in fasting glucose were also most marked in those subjects whose baseline HbA1c≥ 10.0%, and significant when compared to placebo (−35.8 mg/dLvs.16.2 mg/dL;p= 0.01). Treatment was well tolerated with no adverse effects dissimilar from placebo.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the chromium picolinate/biotin combination, administered as an adjuvant to current prescription anti‐diabetic medication, can improve glycaemic control in overweight to obese individuals with type 2 diabetes; especially those patients with poor glycaemic control on oral therapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Belief in afterlife as a moderator of fear of death?
Authors: Ochsmann Randolph 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInvestigating the notion that belief in afrerlife (BA) serves the function of helping the individual to deal with fear of death, a study was designed to explore the effect of public commitment to religion, repression‐sensitization, and anticipatory concern with death and dying on BA, and examine the relationship between BA and state anxiety.Fifty students of theology and fifty students of various other subjects responded to a German version of Byrne's R‐S scale, and then were randomly assigned to two conditions: they either worked through Thanatos‐Questionnaire, and thereby were confronted with death and dying for about 15 to 20 minutes, or filled out a questionnaire unrelated to the topic. Thereupon, a BA scale was administered, and at last, subjects responded to a scale measuring state anxiety.The findings of Osarchuk and Tatz (1973) that religiously committed persons are strengthening BA after being confronted with death and dying could not be replicated. However, among subjects with no public commitment, those concerned with death and dying scored significantly lower on BA than those not concerned. This effect was especially observed among students classified as sensitizers. Because changes of BA did not correspond with changes of within cell correlations between BA and state anxiety, an alternative explanation of the findings in terms of dissonance theory is put forward.
Shyness and Psychological Imperialism; on the dangers of ignoring the ordinary language roots of the terms we deal with
Authors: Harris Peter Richard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractShyness is one of a class of psychological terms that have their roots in ordinary, everyday language. Accordingly, researchers are obliged either to base their definitions of shyness on a thoroughgoing analysis of the conditions prescribed socially for the use of the term and its derivatives, or to otherwise maintain a rigorous distinction between their use and the lay person's use of the term. Unfortunately, however, they have failed to do this. The consequences of this are outlined, including the doubtful practice of ‘Psychological Imperialism’, in which psychologists effectively superimpose their professional definitions of psychological constructs upon those developed by the lay person. The implications of this argument for the conduct of future research into shyness are discussed, and it is suggested that researchers dealing with like terms in other areas of psychology should also be alert to these dangers.
Does the distinction between causal and moral responsibility really salvage the defensive attribution hypothesis?: A critique of Nogami and Streufert's thesis
Authors: Fincham Frank D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNogami and Streufert's (1983) thesis, that the distinction between causal and moral responsibility accounts for contradictory data in the defensive attribution literature, is criticized on empirical and conceptual grounds. It is argued that the results reported may be idiosyncratic to their study given the procedures they used. Moreover, close examination reveals several problems in using their results to account for previous contradictory research findings.
Misattributions in attribution research: Choices of scientific certainty vs. understanding of reality: A rejoinder
Authors: Streufert Siegfried , Nogami Glenda Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFincham (1984) has argued that Nogami and Streufert (1983) advanced a thesis which (1) attempts to empirically demonstrate that attributions for an accident are lower with severe as opposed to less severe outcomes and (2) applies these data to account for previous contradictory findings of the ‘defensive attribution’ literature. The present authors show that Fincham's attribution of intent to Nogami and Streufert is in error and that the divergent views of Nogami and Streufert versus those of Fincham and associates reflect legitimate but different approaches toward the problem of attribution theory and research.
Interpreting the texts of nature and culture: A reply to Jahoda
Authors: Gergen Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn his Tajfel Memorial lecture Gustav Jahoda (1986) proposes that experimental findings infrequently reflect natural laws of human action, but are reflections of cultural conventions. In developing his arguments he finds it useful to criticize a number of my earlier ideas (Gergen, 1982). The present paper demonstrates that this critique is not only misguided, but that if the implications of my earlier work had been properly elaborated neither the argument for cultural convention nor general laws could be adequately sustained. Because of the non‐objective character of behavioural interpretation, neither of these positions can be empirically warranted. Their justification is more properly considered in ethical, or ideological terms.
Language games, or As you like it: A reply to Gergen
Authors: Jahoda Gustav 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAfrer noting some areas of common ground, in particular my acceptance of the fact that causal analysis is not sufficient to capture motivation and meaning, the main disagreement is pinpointed: in my view causal explanations are relevant to human actions. In response to Gergen's contention that cross‐cultural replications have no bearing on theories, which essentially turn on language games, I submit that his account of cross‐cultural work is in several respects misleading. It is suggested that ignoring the striking regularities of social behaviour runs the risk of a return to empty scholasticism.
Conservative coalitions: An expectation states approach
Authors: Wilke H. A. M. , Van Knippenberg A. F. M. , Bruins J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present study investigates subjective expectancy of formation of conservative coalitions as a function of status characteristics of actors and nature of the task. Five predictions, derived from Expectation States Theory (cf. Berger, Rosenholz and Zelditch, 1980) are tested. Thirty‐four university freshmen participated in the experiment. Subjects estimated the formation of coalitions in eleven ‘choice situations’, which were composed by varying status differences between scenario actors, the nature of the status characteristic and the task to be performed. The predictions derived from Expectation States Theory were generally supported: (1) differentiation on a relevant status characteristic appeared to lead to the expectation of conservative coalitions, (2) a burden of proof process appeared to operate, and (3) the expectation of conservative coalition decreased as the path of relevance was longer. Contrary to predictions, however, it appeared that irrelevant status characteristics did not led to the expectation of conservative coalitions, and that the expectation of conservative coalitions did not covary with the magnitude of the status differentiation. In the discussion of these results two modifications of the burden of proof theorem are proposed and discussed in the light of other findings.
Equity and individual preferences in an MDG
Authors: Wilke H. A. M. , Liebrand W. B. G. , Lotgerink B. , Buurma B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBefore participating in an Maximizing Difference Game (MDG) subjects were classified with the help of a social motive test (GDG, Liebrand, 1984) as having a cooperative, an individualistic or a Competitive preference for own/other outcome distributions. Thereafter subjects did make choices in an MDG. A status (high, equal, low, no feedback) × matrix (advantage: 8/6, disadvantage 6/81) × preference (competitive, individualistic, cooperative)‐design was employed, whereas one control condition, i.e. equal statuslmatrix equal (616) was added.Equity theory could explain the data rather well. Support was found for the status hypothesis, i.e. high status subjects made more D‐choices in an MDG than equal status subjects; equal status subjects made more D‐choices than low status subjects, and for the matrix hypothesis, i.e. matrix disadvantage subjects made more D‐choices than subjects playing in a matrix advantage position. Equity theory could also explain a significant status × matrix interaction effect. Support was partly found for a preference hypothesis: Competitors made more D‐choices than cooperatives, while contrary to the hypothesis, individualists behaved more like competitors.
Studies on latent influence by the spectrometer method I: The impact of psychologization in the case of conversion by a minority or a majority
Authors: Moscovic Serge , Personnaz Bernard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effects of psychologization on the conversion phenomenon were studied for cases where influence was exerted either by a minority or by a majority. In a 2×2×3 ANOVA design (minority source versus majority source, personality versus aesthetics, phases) 48 subjects are faced with a confederate who represents either 18.2 per cent or 81.8 per cent of a population and consistently responds green when an objectively blue slide is shown. Colour perception is said to be associated with either aesthetic or personality factors. The prediction is in this last case that psychologization of the majority induces conversion of the subjects, while psychologization of the minority stands in the way of this latent influence. Influence is measured by four response levels for each trial of the three phases (pre‐influence, post‐influence in the presence or in the absence of the influence source). Manifest influence is measured in terms of the Subjects' Judgements and by the way in which they adjust their stimulus colour perception, as determined with the help of a spectrometer. The latent influence is reflected by the subjects' judgements about the colour of the afterimage upon presentation of the stimulus, as measured on a nine‐point scale and with the help of spectral adjustments of this afterimage. The subjects having been influenced without being aware of their conversion shows up in the shifts toward green or the complementary colour of green. Results indicate a cross‐over for the effect of indirect influence. Under the personality condition, psychologization has the anticipated effect. The majority is the only one to produce a conversion. The attenuating effect of minority influence again manrfests itserf (Mugny and Papastamou, 1980). Under the aesthetic condition, non‐psychologization also induces latent and perceptive shifts, but they go in the opposite direction and coincide closely with other results (Moscovici and Personnaz, 1980; Personnaz, 1981). In this condition, only the minority exerts an influence on all three levels.