bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal transport practices and effectiveness of the use of low‐cost interventions on outcomes of transported neonates in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Okai Emmanuel , Fair Frankie , Soltani Hora 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsNeonatal deaths contribute significantly to under‐5 mortality worldwide with Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) alone accounting for 43% of global newborn deaths. Significant challenges in the region's health systems evidenced by huge disparities in health facility deliveries and poor planning for preterm births are major contributors to the high neonatal mortality. Many neonates in the region are delivered in suboptimal conditions and require transportation to facilities equipped for specialized care. This review describes neonatal transport across the subregion, focusing on low‐cost interventions employed.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies on neonatal transport in SSA followed by a narrative synthesis. A search in the databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and Google Scholar was performed from inception to March 2023. Two authors reviewed the full texts of relevant studies to determine eligibility for inclusion which was subsequently cross‐checked by a third reviewer using a random 30% overlay. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.ResultsA total of 20 studies were included in this review involving 11,895 neonates from 10 countries. All studies evaluated the transfer of neonates into referral centers from the peripheries. Most neonates were transferred by public transport (n = 12), mostly in the arms of caregivers with little communication between referring facilities. Studies reporting on ambulance transfers reported pervasive inadequacies in both human resources and transport equipment. No study reported on the use of Kangaroo mother care (KMC) in the transfer process.ConclusionsThe neonatal transport system across the SSA region is poorly planned, poorly resourced, and executed with little communication between facilities. Using cost‐effective measures like KMC and improved training of community health workers may be key to improving the outcomes of transported neonates.
Does sin tax on the legal market facilitate the illicit market? An ex‐ante assessment on the US cannabis market
Authors: Han Joohun , Mottaleb Khondoker A. , Ng'ombe John N. , Durand‐Morat Alvaro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSin tax is essential to reduce the harm caused by products like cannabis. However, excessive taxation may facilitate illicit markets. We examine sin tax policies' impact on legal and illicit cannabis markets in the selected US states. Using a Constant Elasticity of Substitution utility framework, we assess scenarios like sin tax increase and anti‐illicit cannabis policies. Our findings indicate high sin taxes may drive consumers to illicit markets, but anti‐illicit market policies could control its extent. However, there is a trade‐off between market size, tax revenue, consumers' utility, and illicit market control. Thus, optimizing sin tax policies is challenging, necessitating a second‐best approach.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for confirming the role of CYP3A1/2 and P‐glycoprotein in detoxification mechanism between glycyrrhizic acid and aconitine in rats
Authors: Jin Jingyi , Xu Xiaoqing , Li Fengling , Weng Fengyi , Zou Bin , Li Yue , Zhao Jing , Zhang Shuang , Yan Dongming , Qiu Furong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFuzi, an effective common herb, is often combined with Gancao to treat disease in clinical practice with enhancing its efficacy and alleviating its toxicity. The major toxic and bioactive compounds in Fuzi and Gancao are aconitine (AC) and glycyrrhizic acid (GL), respectively. This study aims to elucidate detoxification mechanism between AC and GL from pharmacokinetic perspective using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. In vitro experiments exhibited that AC was mainly metabolized by CYP3A1/2 in rat liver microsomes and transported by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) in Caco‐2 cells. Kinetics assays showed that the Km and Vmax of AC towards CYP3A1/2 were 2.38 μM and 57.3 pmol/min/mg, respectively, whereas that of AC towards P‐gp was 11.26 μM and 147.1 pmol/min/mg, respectively. GL markedly induced the mRNA expressions of CYP3A1/2 and MDR1a/b in rat primary hepatocytes. In vivo studies suggested that the intragastric and intravenous administration of GL significantly reduced systemic exposure of AC by 27% and 33%, respectively. Drug–drug interaction (DDI) model of PBPK predicted that co‐administration of GL would decrease the exposure of AC by 39% and 45% in intragastric and intravenous dosing group, respectively. The consistency between predicted data and observed data confirmed that the upregulation of CYP3A1/2 and P‐gp was the crucial detoxification mechanism between AC and GL. Thus, this study provides a demonstration for elucidating the compatibility mechanisms of herbal formula using PBPK modeling and gives support for the clinical co‐medication of Fuzi and Gancao.
Improving regulatory T cell production through mechanosensing
Authors: Shi Lingting , Lim Jee Yoon , Kam Lance C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInduced Tregs (iTregs) have great promise in adoptive immunotherapy for treatment of autoimmune diseases. This report investigates the impacts of substrate stiffness on human Treg induction, providing a powerful yet simple approach to improving production of these cells. Conventional CD4+ human T cells were activated on materials of different elastic modulus and cultured under suppressive conditions. Enhanced Treg induction was observed on softer materials as early as 3 days following activation and persisted for multiple weeks. Substrate stiffness also affected epigenetic modification of Treg specific genes and Treg suppressive capacity. Tregs induced on substrates of an optimal stiffness balance quantity and suppressive quality.
The correlation between flavor formation and microbial community dynamics during the fermentation of zha cai
Authors: Lian Yinyin , Song Jiajia , Mumby William , Suo Huayi , Zhang Yu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundZha cai, a pickled vegetable with unique flavors, is produced by fermenting fresh mustard tubers. In this study, the main physicochemical indices and volatile flavor compounds were determined in three fermentation periods. The bacterial and fungal communities in the three fermentation periods of zha cai were also monitored using high‐throughput sequencing. Key microbial communities were identified based on significant correlations with flavor substances.ResultsFirmicutes and Proteobacteria were the main bacterial phyla found within the three fermentation periods. Lactic acid bacteria, namely Lactobacillus, was the predominant bacteria found at the genus level. Ascomycetes and Stenotrophomonas were the major fungal phyla found in the three fermentation periods. Yeast, namely Debaryomyces, was the predominant fungus found at the genus level. A total of 42 bacterial genera were negatively correlated with volatile flavor substances of zha cai, and 37 bacterial genera were positively correlated. Meanwhile, a total of 47 genera of fungi were negatively correlated with the volatile flavor substances of zha cai, while 50 genera were positively correlated. Several microbial genera were significantly correlated with volatile flavor compounds, including Lactobacillus, Halomonas, Rhodococcus, and Debaryomyces.ConclusionThis study identified the microbial classes that positively regulate the flavor of zha cai which could provide valuable help for flavor modulation in zha cai production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Otolaryngology Office Visit and Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children with Otitis Media
Authors: Shi Yu , Heien Herbert C. , Orvidas Laura J. , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Halbauer Moira , Warner David O. , Phelan Sean 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesRacial disparities are pervasive in access to pediatric surgery. The goal of this study was to test the hypotheses that, compared with White children, non‐White and Hispanic children: (1) were less likely to attend evaluations by otolaryngologists after a diagnosis of otitis media (OM) eligible for surgical referral, and (2) these children were less likely to receive tympanostomy tube (TT) after surgical consultation.MethodsThe OptumLabs Data Warehouse is a de‐identified claims database of privately insured enrollees. Guidelines on the management of OMs suggest that children should be evaluated for surgery if they have recurrent acute OM or chronic OM with effusion. A cohort of children who were diagnosed with OM were constructed. For Hypothesis 1, the primary outcome was otolaryngology office visit within 6 months of a diagnosis of recurrent or chronic OM. For Hypothesis 2, the outcome was TT placement within 6 months following the otolaryngology office visit. Cox regression models were used to determine the relationship between race/ethnicity and the primary outcomes.ResultsAmong 187,776 children with OMs, 72,774 (38.8%) had otolaryngology visits. In a multivariate Cox model, the hazard ratios of attending otolaryngology visit for Black, Hispanic, and Asian children were 0.93 (95% CI,0.90, 0.96), 0.86 (0.83, 0.88), and 0.74 (0.71, 0.77), compared with White children. Among the children evaluated by otolaryngologists, 46,554 (63.97%) received TT. Black, Hispanic, and Asian children with recurrent acute OM had lower likelihood of receiving TT.ConclusionsRacial disparities in attending otolaryngology office visit contributed to the disparities in receiving TT.Quality of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3846–3852, 2024
Role of Sinonasal Anatomic Variants in Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Sunyecz Ian , Hunt Connor , Ramadan Hassan H. , Makary Chadi A. 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesPrior studies evaluating the role of sinonasal anatomic variants with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS) are limited by inconsistent results. The goal of this study is to evaluate the association between sinonasal anatomic variants and RARS.MethodsA 1:2 retrospective case–control study was conducted using patients presenting to the rhinology clinic from August 2020 to January 2023. A total of 60 patients with RARS were compared to 120 control patients. RARS was diagnosed based on the International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology criteria of four or more independent episodes of acute rhinosinusitis per year with at least one episode documented by objective findings, with complete resolution of the infection in‐between episodes. Sinonasal anatomic variants included nasal septal deviation (NSD), concha bullosa (CB), infraorbital (Haller) cells, nasal septal spur in the middle meatus, and frontal sinus cells (supra‐agger, supra‐agger frontal, and suprabullar frontal cells).ResultsAge was similar in RARS and control patients (47.4 ± 16.5 vs. 49.3 ± 14.5, p = 0.432). Both the RARS group and control group were more likely to be female (78.3% vs. 77.5%, p = 0.899). There was no significant association between NSD and RARS compared to the control group (OR = 0.97, p = 0.916), and no significant association between any of the anatomic variants and RARS [infraorbital cells (OR = 0.64, p = 0.167), CB (OR = 0.84, p = 0.596), spur in the middle meatus (OR = 1.28, p = 0.514), supra‐agger (OR = 0.88, p = 0.708), supra‐agger frontal cells (OR = 0.97, p = 0.939), or suprabullar frontal cells (OR = 1.13, p = 0.766)].ConclusionOur findings suggest no association between nasal septal deviation or any of the anatomic variants studied and RARS.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3489–3492, 2024
Using automated analysis of the bibliography to detect potential research integrity issues
Authors: Dunford Robin , Rosenblum Bruce , Izzo Hunter Sylvia 
Published: March 2024

Key points
Efforts to assess research integrity in scholarly publications tend to focus on the front matter (e.g., fake authors) and the article body (e.g., data falsification, image manipulation, plagiarism).
Automated analysis of the bibliography may surface fingerprints pointing to research integrity issues.
Tools exist that can be used at all workflow stages, from manuscript submission through production, to detect citations of retracted articles and articles published by predatory publishers.
Validation of bibliographic references against trusted databases can be used to help detect fake or chimeric references generated by artificial intelligence applications.
Shellfish aquaculture farms as foraging habitat for nearshore fishes and crabs
Authors: Veggerby Karl B. , Scheuerell Mark D. , Sanderson Beth L. , Kiffney Peter M. , Ferriss Bridget E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Oyster reefs across North America have declined precipitously over the past 140 years. In Washington State, Olympia oyster Ostrea lurida reefs historically provided water filtration and nearshore structural habitat for fishes and invertebrates, but this species is now functionally extinct across its historical range. In place of these naturally occurring reefs, shellfish farms consisting mainly of nonnative Pacific oysters Magallana gigas now occupy patches of nearshore habitat across Washington. These farms modify intertidal substrate by adding structural habitat via suspended oyster grow bags, predator exclusion nets, loose oyster beds, and other shellfish grow-out gear. As interest and investment in shellfish aquaculture have expanded both locally and globally, so has interest in how these farms modify intertidal habitat and whether the complex structure created by the shellfish and shellfish growing gear provides ecosystem services that are comparable to those of unfarmed areas, such as mudflats and eelgrass meadows.

Methods
In this study, we sought to quantify how shellfish farms are used as foraging habitat for several common nearshore species of fish and crabs in Puget Sound, Washington. We used direct observations of species-specific behaviors from underwater video to model how habitat type affected observed foraging rates.

Result
We obtained a total of 393 crab observations, 431 demersal fish observations, and 1856 pelagic fish observations across all seven farm sites. Several common species of pelagic fish (e.g., surfperch [Embiotocidae]) used aquaculture-growing gear more frequently than unfarmed areas as foraging habitat, but Metacarcinus spp. crabs displayed higher foraging frequency in unfarmed mudflats. Species groups such as sculpins (Cottidae) and small flatfish (Pleuronectidae) clearly used specific aquaculture-growing gear and mudflats in roughly equal proportion.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that shellfish farms within a larger nearshore habitat mosaic of eelgrass meadows, mudflats, bivalve aquaculture gear, and edge habitat can provide foraging habitat for several species of nearshore fish.
Corporate financialisation, market attention and analyst tracking
Authors: Pu Hongjing , Zhang Mengyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs an effective external governance factor, the effectiveness of analysts' governance and tracking options has been one of the most important topics of research. In recent years, there has been an influx of capital from real companies into finance, real estate and other industries related to the virtual economy, which has a significant impact on the financial position of companies and can also affect analysts' tracking choices. This paper takes A‐share listed companies from 2010 to 2021 as the research object and finds that as the financialisation of enterprises deepens, the number of analysts' tracking decreases; however, with the increase of market attention, the negative impact of the financialisation of enterprises on analysts' tracking will be weakened. Further research shows that, first, financial risk plays a mediating role between corporate financialisation and analyst tracking, in that corporate financialisation increases financial risk, which in turn leads to a decrease in the number of analyst tracking; second, as institutional investors have a greater influence on analysts, the impact of corporate financialisation on analyst tracking is weakened as the shareholding of institutional investors increases; finally, that holding two different types of financial assets, short‐term and long‐term, also has different consequences. The findings of this paper examine the impact of corporate financialisation from the analyst's perspective, confirming the identification and selection capabilities that analysts have.
Innate immunity in diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Chen Le‐Xin , Lu Shu‐Ru , Wu Zhi‐Hao , Zhang En‐Xin , Cai Qing‐Qun , Zhang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) represents a prevalent chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is a major cause of end‐stage renal disease. The anfractuous surrounding of DN pathogenesis and the intricate nature of this metabolic disorder often pose challenges in both the diagnosis and treatment of DN compared to other kidney diseases. Hyperglycaemia in DM predispose vulnerable renal cells into microenvironmental disequilibrium and thereby results in innate immunocytes infiltration including neutrophils, macrophages, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, and so forth. These immune cells play dual roles in kidney injury and closely correlated with the degree of proteinuria in DN patients. Additionally, innate immune signaling cascades, initiated by altered metabolic and hemodynamic in diabetic context, are crucial in instigating and perpetuating renal inflammation, which detrimentally contribute to DN pathogenesis. As such, anti‐inflammatory therapies, particularly those targeting innate immunity, hold renoprotective promise in DN. In this article, we reviewed the origin and feature of the above four prominent kidney innate immune cells, analyze their pathogenic role in DN, and discuss potential targeted‐therapeutic strategies, aiming to enhance the current understanding of renal innate immunity and hence help to discover promising therapeutic approaches for DN.
Physical activity as a tool for preventing and treating depression: Lessons learned from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Raslescu Andreea , Guru Anutra , Delattre Brennan , Park Jae‐Young , Harmer Catherine J. , Murphy Susannah E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) is understood to be important for the prevention and treatment of depression, however, less is known about the effects of withdrawal from PA on mood. Here we consider evidence published since the outbreak of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on PA patterns and to evaluate whether engagement in PA in the context of the pandemic had an impact on depression vulnerability. During the initial stages of the pandemic and consequent lockdowns, there were global decreases in PA, with women, ethnic minorities, lower‐education, lower‐income, younger, and elderly people displaying more marked reductions in PA. Less PA was associated with a higher risk of experiencing moderate‐to‐severe depression symptoms, particularly for those who decreased their PA levels compared to pre‐pandemic. Both PA and sedentary behavior were independently associated with depression, such that low activity and high amounts of sitting both increased the likelihood of clinically significant symptoms. We also consider the role social connection during movement; while both in‐person and online PA can foster a sense of belonging, there is some evidence that socially distant, pandemic‐safe movement might disincentivise certain groups such as older adults and experienced exercisers from participating in PA. We conclude with several implications for prospective public health communications regarding PA, especially in the event of another global pandemic.
Design and numerical modeling of chalcogenide parabolic‐core waveguide for on‐chip supercontinuum generation extending from near‐IR region to mid‐IR region
Authors: Tomer Drishti Singh , Kumar Ajeet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present the design and computational examination of a waveguide structure with a parabolic core, implemented in AsSe2 chalcogenide glass. This structure aims to generate a mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) supercontinuum (SC) spectrum, covering the wavelength range of 1.4−7.6 µm. It includes molecular fingerprint region as well as earth's atmospheric transparent window. A pulsed laser providing pulses of peak power of 250 W and pulse width of 200 fs at 2 µm was considered as the pump. The results illustrate that the broadband SC spectrum can be achieved in a short (~8 mm) waveguide pumped with commercially available fiber laser at 2 µm. The novelty of this work lies in the generation of a mid‐IR SC spectrum using a parabolic‐core waveguide pumped in the normal dispersion region, which has not been investigated earlier. This design is crucial as the fabricated rectangular waveguide does not remain rectangular after laser postprocessing but becomes similar to the proposed parabolic design.
Exploring optimal outsourcing strategy with and without transfer payment
Authors: Luo Zheng , Chen Xu , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates an original equipment manufacturer's (OEM's) outsourcing choice between a competing manufacturer (CP) and a non‐competing manufacturer (NP). We develop a benchmark self‐produce strategy and two outsourcing strategies to differentiate two manufacturing service providers, and examine the optimal strategy alongside an analysis of the respective incentives (e.g., a lump‐sum payment) from the two service providers. The optimal strategy depends on the difference in production efficiency, degree of product substitution, and joint effect of the transfer payments. The transfer payments contribute to a greater range of Pareto improvements, increasing the possibility of outsourcing cooperation while highlighting the role of competition intensity on the model and outsourcing cooperation partner. Effect analysis shows that in the absence of transfer payment, the optimal strategy is beneficial to social welfare. With transfer payment, the optimal strategy is changed and the firms will be more profitable, but at the expense of customers' surplus, which may result in worse social welfare. An extended analysis of mixed strategies, in which the OEM produces part of the products and outsources the rest to CP/NP, shows that while the mixed‐CP strategy can be an optimal choice, the mixed‐NP strategy will degenerate to either self‐produce or complete outsourcing to NP under certain conditions.