bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in nanoprobes for molecular MRI of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Parekh Parag , Badachhape Andrew A. , Tanifum Eric A. , Annapragada Ananth V. , Ghaghada Ketan B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia and a leading cause of mortality in the elderly population. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease has traditionally relied on evaluation of clinical symptoms for cognitive impairment with a definitive diagnosis requiring post‐mortem demonstration of neuropathology. However, advances in disease pathogenesis have revealed that patients exhibit Alzheimer's disease pathology several decades before the manifestation of clinical symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the management of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The clinical availability of molecular MRI (mMRI) contrast agents can revolutionize the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we review advances in nanoparticle contrast agents, also referred to as nanoprobes, for mMRI of Alzheimer's disease.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease
Talking About Religion During Religious War: Gilles de Gouberville, Normandy, 1562
Authors: Reinburg Virginia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter investigates a series of recorded private conversations between noblemen at the time of the French wars of religion, suggesting how people talked to each other about religion during a war over religion. Circling around an enigmatic conversation in August 1562, the chapter engages with everyday talk as an engine of both discord and bonding via Gilles de Gouberville’s daily record of meetings with friends and neighbours. Reinburg’s contribution stresses the power of conversation in establishing one’s alliances, beliefs, and allegiances, and how recorded conversations reveal people’s thoughts about broader conflicts.
The geometry of the modular bootstrap
Authors: Chiang Li-Yuan , Huang Tzu-Chen , Huang Yu-tin , Li Wei , Rodina Laurentiu , Weng He-Chen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We explore the geometry behind the modular bootstrap and its image in the space of Taylor coefficients of the torus partition function. In the first part, we identify the geometry as an intersection of planes with the convex hull of moment curves on R+⊗ℤ, with boundaries characterized by the total positivity of generalized Hankel matrices. We phrase the Hankel constraints as a semi-definite program, which has several advantages, such as the validity of bounds irrespective of spin truncation. We derive bounds on the gap, twist-gap, and the space of Taylor coefficients themselves. We find that if the gap is above $$ {\Delta }_{\textrm{gap}}^{\ast } $$

∆
gap
∗

, where $$ \frac{c-1}{12}<{\Delta}_{\textrm{gap}}^{\ast }<\frac{c}{12} $$

c
−
1

12

<

Δ
gap
∗

<

c
12

, all coefficients become bounded on both sides and kinks develop in the space. In the second part, we propose an analytic method of imposing the integrality condition for the degeneracy number in the spinless bootstrap, which leads to a non-convex geometry. We find that even at very low derivative order this condition rules out regions otherwise allowed by bootstraps at high derivative order.
Trace relations and open string vacua
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study to what extent, and in what form, the notion of gauge-string duality may persist at finite N. It is shown, in the half-BPS sector, that the states of D3 giant graviton branes in AdS5 × S5 are holographically dual to certain auxiliary ghosts that compensate for finite N trace relations in U(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills. The complex formed from spaces of states of bulk D3 giants is observed to furnish a BRST-like resolution of the half-BPS Hilbert space of U(N) $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM at finite N. We argue that the identification between the states of certain bulk D-branes and the auxiliary ghosts in the boundary holds rather generally at vanishing ’t Hooft coupling λ = 0. We propose that a complex, which furnishes a BRST-like resolution of the finite N Hilbert space of a boundary U(N) gauge theory at λ = 0, should be identified as the space of states of the dual string theory in the α′ → ∞ limit. The Lefschetz trace formula provides the holographic map in this regime, where bulk observables are computed by taking the alternating sum of the expectation values in an ensemble of states built on each open string vacuum. The giant graviton expansion is recovered and generalized in a limit of the resolution.
Schur indices for $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills with more general gauge groups
Authors: Du Bao-ning , Huang Min-xin , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study the unflavored Schur indices in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory for the Bn, Cn, Dn, G2 gauge groups. We explore two methods, namely the character expansion method and the Fermi gas method, to efficiently compute the q-series expansion of the Schur indices to some high orders. Using the available data and the modular properties, we are able to fix the exact formulas for the general gauge groups up to some high ranks and discover some interesting new features. We also identify some empirical modular anomaly equations, but unlike the case of An groups, they are quite complicated and not sufficiently useful to fix exact formulas for gauge groups of arbitrary rank.
Non-perturbative wavefunction of the universe in inflation with (resonant) features
Authors: Creminelli Paolo , Renaux-Petel Sébastien , Tambalo Giovanni , Yingcharoenrat Vicharit 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study the statistics of scalar perturbations in models of inflation with small and rapid oscillations in the inflaton potential (resonant non-Gaussianity). We do so by deriving the wavefunction Ψ[ζ(x)] non-perturbatively in ζ, but at first order in the amplitude of the oscillations. The expression of the wavefunction of the universe (WFU) is explicit and does not require solving partial differential equations. One finds qualitative deviations from perturbation theory for |ζ| ≳ α−2, where α ≫ 1 is the number of oscillations per Hubble time. Notably, the WFU exhibits distinct behaviours for negative and positive values of ζ (troughs and peaks respectively). While corrections for ζ < 0 remain relatively small, of the order of the oscillation amplitude, positive ζ yields substantial effects, growing exponentially as eπα/2 in the limit of large ζ. This indicates that even minute oscillations give large effects on the tail of the distribution.
MDSC-derived S100A8/9 contributes to lupus pathogenesis by promoting TLR7-mediated activation of macrophages and dendritic cells
Authors: Yang Yonghong , Zhang Xin , Jing Lina , Xiao Yucai , Gao Yangzhe , Hu Yuxin , Jia Shujiao , Zhou Guangxi , Xiong Huabao , Dong Guanjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractToll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR7, play an important role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the abnormal activation of TLR pathways in patients with SLE has not been elucidated. Notably, accumulating evidence indicates that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are important regulators of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with SLE have a greater proportion of MDSCs among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); however, the effect of MDSCs on TLR7 pathway activation has not been determined. In the present study, lupus MDSCs significantly promoted TLR7 pathway activation in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), exacerbating the imiquimod-induced lupus model. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed significant overexpression of S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) and S100A9 in MDSCs from diseased MRL/lpr mice. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that S100A8/9 effectively promoted TLR7 pathway activation and that S100A8/9 deficiency reversed the promoting effect of MDSCs on TLR7 pathway activation in lupus. Mechanistically, MDSC-derived S100A8/9 upregulated interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion by macrophages and IFN-γ subsequently promoted TLR7 pathway activation in an autocrine manner. Taken together, these findings suggest that lupus MDSCs promote TLR7 pathway activation and lupus pathogenesis through the S100A8/9-IFN-γ axis. Our study identified an important target for SLE therapy.
On Recursion Operators for Full-Fledged Nonlocal Symmetries of the Reduced Quasi-classical Self-dual Yang–Mills Equation
Authors: Jahnová Jiřina , Vojčák Petr 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe introduce the idea of constructing recursion operators for full-fledged nonlocal symmetries and apply it to the reduced quasi-classical self-dual Yang–Mills equation. It turns out that the discovered recursion operators can be interpreted as infinite-dimensional matrices of differential functions which act on the generating vector functions of the nonlocal symmetries simply by matrix multiplication. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other examples of such recursion operators in the literature so far, so our approach is completely innovative. Further, we investigate the algebraic properties of the discovered operators and discuss the $${\mathbb {R}}$$
R
-algebra structure on the set of all recursion operators for full-fledged nonlocal symmetries of the equation in question. Finally, we illustrate the action of the obtained recursion operators on particularly chosen full-fledged symmetries and emphasize their advantages compared to the action of traditionally used recursion operators for shadows.
Longitudinal associations between loneliness, social isolation, and healthcare utilisation trajectories: a latent growth curve analysis
Authors: Gao Qian , Mak Hei Wan , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the longitudinal associations between eight-year trajectories of loneliness, social isolation and healthcare utilisation (i.e. inpatient, outpatient, and nursing home care) in US older adults.

Methods
The study used data from the Health and Retirement Study in 2006–2018, which included a nationally representative sample of American adults aged 50 and above (N = 6,832). We conducted latent growth curve models to assess the associations between trajectories of loneliness and isolation and healthcare utilisation over 8 years.

Results
Independent of sociodemographic and health-related confounders, social deficits were associated with a lower likelihood of baseline physician visits (loneliness β= -0.15, SE = 0.08; social isolation β= -0.19, SE = 0.08), but there was a positive association between loneliness and number of physician visits (β = 0.06, SE = 0.03), while social isolation was associated with extended hospital (β = 0.07, SE = 0.04) and nursing home stays (β = 0.05, SE = 0.02). Longer nursing home stays also predicted better trajectories of loneliness and isolation over time.

Conclusion
Loneliness and social isolation are cross-sectionally related to complex patterns of different types of healthcare. There was no clear evidence that social deficits led to specific trajectories of healthcare utilisation, but nursing home stays may over time help provide social contact, supporting trajectories of isolation and potentially loneliness. Non-clinical services such as social prescribing could have the potential to address unmet social needs and further promote patients’ health-seeking profiles for improving healthcare equity.
Developmental trajectories of conduct problems and time-varying peer problems: the Bergen child study
Authors: Girard Lisa-Christine , Bøe Tormod , Nilsen Sondre Aasen , Askeland Kristin Gärtner , Hysing Mari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
While it is increasingly acknowledged that conduct problems and peer problems often co-occur in development, less is known about the ways in which peer problems may alter the developmental course of conduct problems for distinct subgroups.

Methods
Using data from a large population-based study in Norway (the Bergen Child Study/youth@hordaland; 47.4% males), we estimated group-based trajectories of conduct problems and the presence of time-varying peer problems on the developmental progression of conduct problems between seven and 19 years of age. Risk factors for group membership were also examined.

Results
A 3-group model of conduct problems best fit the data (non-engagers, low-engagers, moderate-stable). The presence of peer problems increased the estimated level of conduct problems for both the low-engagers and moderate-stable groups across adolescence. No differences in conduct problems were observed when peer problems were present in childhood or preadolescence for these two groups, nor for the non-engagers group at any point. Being male, having lower perceived economic wellbeing, and lower levels of parental education predicted group membership for the moderate-stable group, whilst lower paternal education predicted membership for the low-engagers group.

Conclusions
Support for developmental ‘turning points’ was found, suggesting that adolescence is a particularly salient time for those with conduct problems. In particular, the presence of peer problems can increase observed conduct problems at this stage in development.
Automatic piecewise linear regression
Authors: von Ottenbreit Mathias , De Bin Riccardo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRegression modelling often presents a trade-off between predictiveness and interpretability. Highly predictive and popular tree-based algorithms such as Random Forest and boosted trees predict very well the outcome of new observations, but the effect of the predictors on the result is hard to interpret. Highly interpretable algorithms like linear effect-based boosting and MARS, on the other hand, are typically less predictive. Here we propose a novel regression algorithm, automatic piecewise linear regression (APLR), that combines the predictiveness of a boosting algorithm with the interpretability of a MARS model. In addition, as a boosting algorithm, it automatically handles variable selection, and, as a MARS-based approach, it takes into account non-linear relationships and possible interaction terms. We show on simulated and real data examples how APLR’s performance is comparable to that of the top-performing approaches in terms of prediction, while offering an easy way to interpret the results. APLR has been implemented in C++ and wrapped in a Python package as a Scikit-learn compatible estimator.
Toxicity of particles derived from combustion of Ethiopian traditional biomass fuels in human bronchial and macrophage-like cells
Authors: McCarrick Sarah , Delaval Mathilde N. , Dauter Ulrike M. , Krais Annette M. , Snigireva Anastasiia , Abera Asmamaw , Broberg Karin , Eriksson Axel C. , Isaxon Christina , Gliga Anda R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe combustion of traditional fuels in low-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa, leads to extensive indoor particle exposure. Yet, the related health consequences in this context are understudied. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro toxicity of combustion-derived particles relevant for Sub-Saharan household environments. Particles (< 2.5 µm) were collected using a high-volume sampler during combustion of traditional Ethiopian biomass fuels: cow dung, eucalyptus wood and eucalyptus charcoal. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP, NIST 2975) served as reference particles. The highest levels of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found in wood (3219 ng/mg), followed by dung (618 ng/mg), charcoal (136 ng/mg) and DEP (118 ng/mg) (GC–MS). BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells and THP-1 derived macrophages were exposed to particle suspensions (1–150 µg/mL) for 24 h. All particles induced concentration-dependent genotoxicity (comet assay) but no pro-inflammatory cytokine release in epithelial cells, whereas dung and wood particles also induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity (Alamar Blue). Only wood particles induced concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in macrophage-like cells, while dung particles were unique at increasing secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α). In summary, particles derived from combustion of less energy dense fuels like dung and wood had a higher PAH content and were more cytotoxic in epithelial cells. In addition, the least energy dense and cheapest fuel, dung, also induced pro-inflammatory effects in macrophage-like cells. These findings highlight the influence of fuel type on the toxic profile of the emitted particles and warrant further research to understand and mitigate health effects of indoor air pollution.
Baseline prepulse inhibition dependency of orexin A and REM sleep deprivation
Authors: Öz Pınar , Kamalı Osman , Saka Hacer Begüm , Gör Ceren , Uzbay İsmail Tayfun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) impairment reflects sensorimotor gating problems, i.e. in schizophrenia. This study aims to enlighten the role of orexinergic regulation on PPI in a psychosis-like model.

Objectives
In order to understand the impact of orexinergic innervation on PPI and how it is modulated by age and baseline PPI (bPPI), chronic orexin A (OXA) injections was carried on non-sleep-deprived and sleep-deprived rats that are grouped by their bPPI.

Methods
bPPI measurements were carried on male Wistar rats on P45 or P90 followed by grouping into low-PPI and high-PPI rats. The rats were injected with OXA twice per day for four consecutive days starting on P49 or P94, while the control groups received saline injections. 72 h REMSD was carried on via modified multiple platform technique on P94 and either OXA or saline was injected during REMSD. PPI tests were carried out 30 min. after the last injection.

Results
Our previous study with acute OXA injection after REMSD without bPPI grouping revealed that low OXA doses might improve REMSD-induced PPI impairment. Our current results present three important conclusions: (1) The effect of OXA on PPI is bPPI-dependent and age-dependent. (2) The effect of REMSD is bPPI-dependent. (3) The effect of OXA on PPI after REMSD also depends on bPPI.

Conclusion
Orexinergic regulation of PPI response with and without REMSD can be predicted by bPPI levels. Our findings provide potential insights into the regulation of sensorimotor gating by sleep/wakefulness systems and present potential therapeutic targets for the disorders, where PPI is disturbed.
The impact of germination and thermal treatments on bioactive compounds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds
Authors: Dostalíková Lucie , Hlásná Čepková Petra , Janovská Dagmar , Jágr Michal , Svoboda Pavel , Dvořáček Václav , Viehmannová Iva 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuinoa is a highly nutritious crop with diverse applications in the food industry. The study assessed the impact of various processing techniques, including microwaving, boiling, roasting, steaming, flaking, and germination, on the crude protein content (CP), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA), and 12 phenolic compounds in quinoa. CP was significantly affected by the heat treatments. Boiled quinoa flakes exhibited the highest average CP, boiling and roasting the lowest. Microwaving strongly enhanced the TPC and the content of six bioactive compounds (CFA, KMP, NAR, QCE, RUT, SA), while boiling and steaming had the most adverse effect. Germination improved the overall nutritional profile of quinoa. The most pronounced increase in the bioactive metabolites occurred between the third and fifth day of germination in a genotype-dependent manner. Six metabolites (NAR, SA, 4BA, IQ, PC, IH) were detected in germinated quinoa for the first time. The results emphasize the substantial influence of processing techniques and type of sample on quinoa nutritional quality and underscore the importance of proper consideration of those factors to obtain nutritionally optimal food products.
Establishment and application of a nomogram diagram for predicting calcium oxalate stones in patients with urinary tract stones
Authors: Zhu Guanhua , Jin Lichen , Guo Yinsheng , Sun Lu , Li Shiqing , Zhou Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis retrospective study aims to examine the correlation between calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones and common clinical tests, as well as urine ionic composition. Additionally, we aim to develop and implement a personalized model to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using charts to predict calcium oxalate stones in patients with urinary tract stones. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 960 patients who underwent surgery for urinary stones at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2022. Among these patients, 447 were selected for further analysis based on screening criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then performed to identify the best predictive features for calcium oxalate stones from the clinical data of the selected patients. A prediction model was developed using these features and presented in the form of a nomogram graph. The performance of the prediction model was assessed using the C-index, calibration curve, and decision curve, which evaluated its discriminative power, calibration, and clinical utility, respectively. The nomogram diagram prediction model developed in this study is effective in predicting calcium oxalate stones which is helpful in screening and early identification of high-risk patients with calcium oxalate urinary tract stones, and may be a guide for urologists in making clinical treatment decisions.
Impact of bariatric surgery on oral anticancer drugs: an analysis of real-world data
Authors: Lau Cedric , Mohmaed Ali Ma Ida , Lin Lishi , van Balen Dorieke E. M. , Jacobs Bart A. W. , Nuijen Bastiaan , Smeenk Robert M. , Steeghs Neeltje , Huitema Alwin D. R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The number of patients with bariatric surgery who receive oral anticancer drugs is rising. Bariatric surgery may affect the absorption of oral anticancer drugs. Strikingly, no specific drug dosing recommendations are available. We aim to provide practical recommendations on the application of oral anticancer drugs in patients who underwent bariatric surgery.

Methods
Patients with any kind of bariatric surgery were extracted retrospectively in a comprehensive cancer center. In addition, a flowchart was proposed to assess the risk of inadequate exposure to oral anticancer drugs in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Subsequently, the flowchart was evaluated retrospectively using routine Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) samples.

Results
In our analysis, 571 cancer patients (0.4% of 140.000 treated or referred patients) had previous bariatric surgery. Of these patients, 78 unique patients received 152 oral anticancer drugs equaling an overall number of 30 unique drugs. The 30 different prescribed oral anticancer drugs were categorized as low risk (13%), medium risk (67%), and high risk (20%) of underdosing. TDM plasma samples of 25 patients (82 samples) were available, of which 21 samples post-bariatric surgery (25%) were below the target value.

Conclusions
The proposed flowchart can support optimizing the treatment with orally administered anticancer drugs in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. We recommend performing TDM in drugs that belong to BCS classes II, III, or IV. If more risk factors are present in BCS classes II or IV, a priori switches to other drugs may be advised. In specific cases, higher dosages can be provided from the start (e.g., tamoxifen).