bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lasersensoren in der metallverarbeitenden Industrie – Wie überwacht man geometrische Größen?
Authors: Krauhausen Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie meisten modernen Produktionsprozesse haben einen hohen Automationsgrad erreicht. Für eine sichere Prozessführung müssen sowohl die einzelnen Prozessschritte als auch die Qualität der hergestellten Halbzeuge und Produkte laufend überwacht und geprüft werden. Berührungsfreie Messverfahren, die auch im Produktionsprozess einsetzbar sind, erlauben die kürzest möglichen Reaktionszeiten für eine effiziente Prozessregelung. Lasermessverfahren sind für diese Aufgaben prädestiniert.
Der Shack‐Hartmann‐Wellenfrontsensor – Aufbau, Funktion und Anwendung
Authors: Hettwer Manfred 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMit steigenden Anforderungen an Qualität und Präzision lasergestützter Produktionsprozesse kommt auch den Messmethoden zur Charakterisierung der Eigenschaften von Laserstrahlen und Optiken wachsende Bedeutung zu. Der Shack‐Hartmann‐Wellenfrontsensor bietet dabei viele Vorteile gegenüber anderen Messverfahren.
Ein Schweizer in Schwaben – Ein Gespräch mit Prof. Dr. Thomas Graf – dem neuen Direktor des Stuttgarter IFSW
Authors: Graf Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractZum 1. Juni 2004 trat Thomas Graf die Nachfolge von Helmut Hügel an, der nach 18 Jahren als Direktor des Instituts für Strahlwerkzeuge der Universität Stuttgart (IFSW) in den Ruhestand ging. Der neue Direktor, Thomas Graf, kommt aus Bern nach Stuttgart. Er will in der Tradition des Instituts die bisherigen Forschungsgebiete fortführen aber auch eigene Ideen einbringen. Die größte Stärke des IFSW sieht Thomas Graf in der ganzheitlichen Herangehensweise an die Laserforschung und ‐entwicklung. Von der Grundlagenforschung über die Strahlquellenentwicklung bis hin zur verfahrenstechnischen Anwendung will er möglichst viele Projekte vorantreiben. Ideen dazu hat er mehr als genug. Mit Thomas Graf sprachen Andreas Thoß und Holger Kock.
Reactivity of ashes from biomass combustion plant in biomass combusting atmospheres
Authors: Cha S. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExposure tests were carried out to study the reactivity of filter and cyclone ashes from biomass combustion plant in the atmospheres of biomass combustion with variations of H2O and HCl‐content for 360 h at 535 °C. The changes of C‐, Cl‐ and S‐content of the exposed ashes were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atom absorption spectroscopy (ICP‐AAS). The analysis of untreated filter and cyclone ashes showed that the cyclone ash was more aggressive than the filter ash. As a result, in the HCl containing atmosphere the alkali chloride, which can be formed from alkali carbonate and hydroxides as well as oxides, can additionally accelerate the oxidation process. In the HCl free atmosphere at increased H2O content, alkali carbonates and hydroxides can be formed, so enhanced alkali chloride induced oxidation will not occur. Furthermore, thermodynamic calculations between alkalis and gases were conducted.
High temperature oxidation behavior of FeCo‐based nanocrystalline alloys
Authors: May J. E. , Galerie A. , Busquim T. P. , Kuri S. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the dynamic and isothermal oxidation behavior of three different FeCo‐based Fe38.5Co38.5Nb7Cu1B15, Fe36Co36Nb7Si10B 11 and Fe33.5Co33.5Nb7Si15B11 alloys and one traditional FINEMET Fe73Nb3Cu1Si15.5B7.5 alloy. Dynamic and isothermal oxidation measurements in controlled oxidizing atmosphere were performed and the oxidation apparent energy as well as the oxidation behavior was obtained. SEM observations were carried out in order to characterize the oxide layer formed during the oxidation measurements. The apparent activation oxidation energy found for the Fe36Co36Nb7Si10B11, Fe33.5Co33.5Nb7Si15B11 and Fe73Nb3Cu1Si15.5B7.5 alloys was about 35 kJ/mol and for the Fe38.5Co38.5Nb7Cu1B15 alloy was about 70 kJ/mol.
Assessment of the interphase behaviour of two bronze alloys in archaeological soil
Authors: Hassairi H. , Bousselmi L. , Triki E. , Ingo G. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work is to evaluate the behaviour of bronze in archaeological soil by gravimetric study, electrochemical research and analytic survey. Archaeological soil samples were collected from Jama that date back to the second Punic war. Mineralogical, micro‐structural, micro‐morphological and chemical analyses of soil constituents were performed. The bronze samples correspond to Cu‐9.4Sn (B1) and Cu‐7.7Sn with 1% of Pb (B2). The open circuit potential value recorded for B2/corrosion product/soil is stable after only 7 min due to its reactivity allowing to a rapid development of a protective corrosion layer. The B2 interphase is more developed and stable than B1. Under anodic polarisation, the B2 alloy corrodes less than the B1 alloy owing to its lower anodic current. Based on the EIS study, two evolution stages of the bronze alloy/corrosion product/soil interphase are detected. For the first stage, the interphase is equivalent to two R//C loops at high and medium frequencies, respectively related to the corrosion layer and charge transfer process, associated to mass transport phenomena. For the second stage, the resistance of corrosion layer decreases and the first loop vanishes. SEM‐EDS analysis demonstrate that the first stage (20 days of immersion) can be characterized by a well covered surface with a thin corrosion product, the external layer exhibits low tin content. However, after 310 days of immersion, the surface state is different with isolated particulates composed by Cu and soil compounds on a cracked layer with the presence of craters showing an internal layer.
Polymeric Nanocapsules Containing Nematic LCs as Hydrophobes in Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Koh Haeng‐Deog , Lee Jae‐Suk 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distinct polymeric nanocapsule hybrid‐structures consisting of LCs in the core and PMMA or polystyrene in the corona domain were prepared by one‐step miniemulsion polymerization. Nematic LCs (4′‐pentyl‐4‐biphenylcarbonitrile and 4′‐heptyloxy‐4‐biphenylcarbonitrile) were especially adopted as hydrophobes that can suppress Ostwald ripening and had an important role to stabilize the miniemulsion droplets and control the size distributions of the latexes. The polymeric nanocapsule structures with narrow size distributions were confirmed by TEM and DLS measurements.magnified image
Preparation of Star‐Shaped ABC Copolymers of Polystyrene‐Poly(ethylene oxide)‐Polyglycidol Using Ethoxyethyl Glycidyl Ether as the Cap Molecule
Authors: Wang Guowei , Huang Junlian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe 3‐miktoarm star‐shaped ABC copolymers of polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether) (PS‐PEO‐PEEGE) and polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide)–polyglycidol (PS‐PEO‐PG) with low polydispersity indices (PDI ≤ 1.12) and controlled molecular weight were synthesized by a combination of anionic polymerization with ring‐opening polymerization. The polystyryl lithium (PS−Li+) was capped by EEGE firstly to form the functionalized polystyrene (PSA) with both an active ω‐hydroxyl group and an ω′‐ethoxyethyl‐protected hydroxyl group, and then the PS‐b‐PEO block copolymers, star(PS‐PEO‐PEEGE) and star(PS‐PEO‐PG) copolymers were obtained by the ring‐opening polymerization of EO and EEGE respectively via the variation of the functional end group, and then the hydrolysis of the ethoxyethyl group on the PEEGE arm. The obtained star copolymers and intermediates were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and SEC.magnified image
Blow‐up analysis for a system of heat equations coupled via nonlinear boundary conditions
Authors: Song Xianfa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we study a system of heat equations $u_t=\Delta u, \, v_t=\Delta v\,{\rm in}\,\Omega\times(0,T)$ coupled via nonlinear boundary conditions

Here p, q>0. We prove that the solutions always blow up in finite time for non‐trivial and non‐negative initial values. We also prove that the blow‐up occurs only on SR = ∂BR for Ω = BR = {x ϵ ℝn:|x|<R}and $C_1(T-t)^{-1/2q}\le u(R, t) \le C_2(T-t)^{-1/2q},\,\log(c_3(T-t)^{-(q+1)/2pq})\le v(R, t)\le \log(C_4(T-t)^{-(q+1)/2pq})$ under some assumptions on the initial values. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of acyl‐CoA‐binding protein (ACBP) single nucleotide polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in two German study populations
Authors: Fisher Eva , Nitz Inke , Gieger Christian , Grallert Harald , Gohlke Henning , Lindner Inka , Dahm Stefan , Boeing Heiner , Burwinkel Barbara , Rathmann Wolfgang , Wichmann H.‐Erich , Schrezenmeir Jürgen , Illig Thomas , Döring Frank 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe human acyl‐CoA‐binding protein (ACBP) is a potential candidate gene of type 2 diabetes (T2D), since it plays a central role in determining the intracellular concentration of activated fatty acids which contribute to insulin resistance. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ACBP gene are associated with risk of T2D. Genotyping of eight SNPs (rs2084202, rs3731607, rs8192501, rs8192504, rs2244135, rs2276596, rs8192506, rs2289948) was performed in 192 incident T2D subjects and 384 matched controls of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition‐Potsdam cohort. A putative promoter SNP (rs2084202) of splice variant ACBP 1c showed decreased risk of T2D (odds ratio (OR) 0.63, 95% CI 0.41–0.96). The haplotype, that contained the mutant base of rs2084202 showed similar evidence for the association with disease risk as single SNP rs2084202. In a second population‐based study, Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region of 226 individuals with T2D and 863 control subjects a borderline significant association between rs2084202 and T2D (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.51–1.01) was observed. In summary, we obtained evidence from two Caucasian study populations that the minor allele of ACBP rs2084202 might be associated with reduced risk of T2D.
MRI‐measured water mobility increases in response to chemotherapy via multiple cell‐death mechanisms
Authors: Morse David L. , Galons Jean‐Philippe , Payne Claire M. , Jennings Dominique L. , Day Sam , Xia Guowei , Gillies Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNumerous pre‐clinical and clinical reports have demonstrated that the MRI‐measured apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC) increases early in the response to a wide variety of anti‐cancer therapies. It has been proposed that this increase in ADC generally results from an increase in the tumor extracellular volume fraction leading to a greater degree of unrestricted water motion. Furthermore, an increase in extracellular volume has been ascribed to the cell shrinkage that occurs early in the process of programmed cell death. However, other modes of death can be initiated soon after beginning therapy. These other modes of death include mitotic catastrophe and necrosis, and may also involve changes in the fraction of water with unrestricted motion. This work examines whether MRI‐measured ADC is altered in response to therapies that induce cell death via non‐apoptotic mechanisms and correlates ADC changes with cell death modalities regionally within the tumor. Apoptotic responses were limited to the tumor periphery in apoptosis‐proficient tumors. Apoptosis was not observed in deficient tumors. Mitotic catastrophe was observed after treatment at the periphery and deeper into the tumor. Necrosis was the predominant response in the center of the tumor. ADC changes were moderate in the periphery and larger in the center. The results indicate that early and significant changes in ADC can occur in concert with mitotic catastrophe and lytic necrosis in the absence of apoptosis. Hence, changes in ADC may be a generalized measure of cytotoxic response to chemotherapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the evaluation of the method of finite spheres for the solution of Reissner–Mindlin plate problems using the numerical inf–sup test
Authors: BaniHani Suleiman M. , De Suvranu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper we use the numerical inf–sup test to evaluate both displacement‐based and mixed discretization schemes for the solution of Reissner–Mindlin plate problems using the meshfree method of finite spheres. While an analytical proof of whether a discretization scheme passes the inf–sup condition is most desirable, such a proof is usually out of reach due to the complexity of the meshfree approximation spaces involved. The numerical inf–sup test (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 1997; 40:3639–3663), developed to test finite element discretization spaces, has therefore been adopted in this paper. Tests have been performed for both regular and irregular nodal configurations. While, like linear finite elements, pure displacement‐based approximation spaces with linear consistency do not pass the inf–sup test and exhibit shear locking, quadratic discretizations, unlike quadratic finite elements, pass the test. Pure displacement‐based and mixed approximation spaces that pass the numerical inf–sup test exhibit optimal or near optimal convergence behaviour. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking context and strategy in donor support for decentralisation: a diagnostic framework
Authors: Fritzen Scott A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInternational donors, long‐standing supporters of decentralisation reforms in developing countries, often face the challenge of aligning programme assistance to the great variety of country governance settings in which many operate. This article presents a framework for assessing the implications of governance and institutional context for a range of programming challenges, with particular reference to the challenge of decentralised programming. The framework has three conceptual steps. Country governance and institutional change environments are first described in terms of how enabling governance capacities are for decentralised programming, and how rapid and predictable the rate of institutional change is. Second, these environmental considerations are associated with overall assistance modalities of donors, in areas such as the type of partners sought and interventions selected. Third, a range of options concerning the aims, scope and extent of decentralising programming are reviewed and linked to the diagnostic framework above. The framework is broadly derived from organisational contingency theory, which it is argued has been relatively neglected in the study of development administration due to a preponderance of analysis based on single‐case studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does consolidation with autologous stem cell transplantation improve the outcome of children with metastatic or relapsed Ewing sarcoma?
Authors: Al‐Faris Nafisah , Al Harbi Talal , Goia Cristina , Pappo Alberto , Doyle John , Gassas Adam 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the role of high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as consolidation therapy for children with high‐risk Ewing sarcoma (ES) treated at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto.Patients and MethodsThe charts of children treated for high‐risk ES (defined as metastatic at diagnosis or relapsed) between 1990 and 2005 at SickKids were reviewed. Forty‐five children were identified. Twenty patients received ASCT after induction with vincristine, doxorubicin, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide. Patients with resectable tumor or lung metastases underwent surgery and those with non‐resectable tumors were treated with irradiation. Twenty‐five patients were treated with conventional chemotherapy (CC). Primary metastatic patients were treated with either a local protocol or as per POG 9354. At relapse, patients were treated with topotecan, cyclophosphamide, then ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE). Local control was attained with surgery and/or irradiation.ResultsTen of the 20 patients treated with ASCT are alive (median follow‐up 6 years), with 8/10 being in remission more than 5 years from diagnosis. The 3‐year overall survival (OS) for ASCT was 59%, (95% CI: 36%, 81%) compared to 34% (14%, 53%) for patients treated with CC (P‐value = 0.06). The 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) for the ASCT was 39% (17%, 60%) compared to 32% (13%, 50%) in the CC group (P = 0.08).ConclusionASCT appears to add some benefit to conventional multimodality therapy for children with high‐risk ES. Randomized controlled trials are warranted. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:190–195. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Translocation positive acute myeloid leukemia associated with valproic acid therapy
Authors: Williams David C. , Massey Gita V. , Russell E. Clifton , Riley Roger S. , Ben‐Ezra Jonathan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractValproic acid is an effective anti‐epileptic medication often used for long‐term control of seizure disorders that has been implicated in hematological toxicities, including rare reports of myelodysplasia and acute leukemia. Here, we report a case of valproic acid‐related leukemia‐like syndrome with a t(8;16) chromosomal translocation. After discontinuing valproic acid, the hematological findings completely resolved. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:641–643. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the capabilities of accelerated solvent extraction and sonication as extraction techniques for the quantification of kavalactones in piper methysticum (Kava) roots by high performance liquid chromatography with ultra violet detection
Authors: Warburton Emma , Norris Paul L , Goenaga‐Infante Heidi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA conventional extraction technique of sonication has been compared, in terms of extraction efficiency, extraction time and amount of solvent, with the more novel technique of accelerated solvent extraction for the extraction of kavain from the powdered roots of Piper methysticum (Kava) with acetone. The extracts were analysed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultra violet detection. The effects of varying solvent volume and extraction time upon the quantity of kavain extracted with sonication, and the effects of varying temperature upon the kavain extraction efficiency by ASE, were investigated. ASE was found to be more efficient with respect to time and solvent volume required; however, a good agreement was found between the kavain concentration obtained using both extraction techniques. © Crown Copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of total hypericin and hyperforin in St. John's wort extracts by HPLC with electrochemical detection
Authors: Rückert Ulla , Likussar Werner , Michelitsch Astrid 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn analytical procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of total hypericin (protopseudohypericin, pseudohypericin, protohypericin and hypericin) and hyperforin in Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) extracts and its preparations. The determination of total hypericin and hyperforin in one step was achieved by exposing the samples to artificial daylight in amber glass vials. This procedure allows both the photoconversion of the protoforms into the appropriate hypericins and the protection of the photosensitive hyperforin. For quantification, an HPLC method with electrochemical detection was applied. As an example of the application of the principle, two preparations containing St. John's wort were assayed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A single HPLC‐PAD‐APCI/MS method for the quantitative comparison of phenolic compounds found in leaf, stem, root and fruit extracts of Vaccinium angustifolium
Authors: Harris Cory S. , Burt Andrew J. , Saleem Ammar , Le Phuong Mai , Martineau Louis C. , Haddad Pierre S. , Bennett Steffany A. L. , Arnason John T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method was developed for the analysis of Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. (Lowbush blueberry), which is a widely used natural health product, particularly for the treatment of diabetic symptoms. While the anthocyanin content of the fruit has been well characterized, the chemistry of the vegetative parts used in supportive therapy for diabetes has been largely ignored. Using a metabolomics‐based approach for compound identification with an emphasis on phenolic metabolites, a single HPLC‐PAD‐APCI/MS method was developed for the separation and quantitation of the major metabolites found in the 95% ethanol extracts of leaf, stem, root and fruit. The leaf extract contained high concentrations of chlorogenic acid (∼100 µg/mg extract) and a variety of quercetin glycosides that were also detected in the fruit and stem extracts. Flavan‐3‐ol monomers (+)‐catechin and (−) ‐epicatechin were found in all plant parts but their procyanidin dimers were exclusively identified in the stem and root. The accuracy and precision of the presented method were corroborated by low intra‐ and inter‐day variations in quantitative results in all plant part extracts. Further validation of the extraction and analytical protocols focused on identified compounds with reputed anti‐diabetic activity, revealing recoveries greater than 80% and detection limits of 0.12–2.73 µg/mL. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method for estimating insolation based on PV‐module currents in a cluster of stand‐alone solar systems
Authors: Nieuwenhout Frans , van der Borg Nico , van Sark Wilfried , Turkenburg Wim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to evaluate the performance of solar home systems (SHSs), data on local insolation is a prerequisite. We present a new method to estimate insolation if direct measurements are unavailable. This method comprises estimation of daily irradiation by correlating photovoltaic (PV) module currents from a number of SHSs, located a few kilometres apart. The method was tested with a 3‐year time series for nine SHS in a remote area in Indonesia. Verification with reference cell measurements over a 2‐month period showed that our method could determine average daily irradiation with a mean bias error of 1·3%. Daily irradiation figures showed a standard error of 5%. The systematic error in this method is estimated to be around 10%. Especially if calibration with measurements during a short period is possible, the proposed method provides more accurate monthly insolation figures compared with the readily available satellite data from the NASA SSE database. An advantage of the proposed method over satellite data is that irradiation figures can be calculated on a daily basis, while the SSE database only provides monthly averages. It is concluded that the new method is a valuable tool to obtain information on insolation when long‐term measurements are absent. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nucleophilic reactivity of the azide ion in various solvents
Authors: Phan Thanh Binh , Mayr Herbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions of the azide ion with benzhydrylium ions were investigated photometrically in different alcohol/acetonitrile mixtures and in DMSO at 20°C. Since the competing reactions of the benzhydrylium ions with the solvents are generally slower, the second‐order rate constants of the reactions of the benzhydrylium ions with the azide ion can unambiguously be determined to yield nucleophilicity parameters N and s for the azide ion in different alcohols. Several reactions of the benzhydrylium ions with the azide ion are reversible, which allowed the determination of the equilibrium constants and the rate constants of the reverse reactions. It is found that benzhydrylium ions with annelated six‐membered rings are better electrophiles and better electrofuges than the five‐membered ring analogs due to the lower intrinsic barriers of the former reactions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.