bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case study of a cooperative learning experiment in artificial intelligence
Authors: Díez Fernando , Cobos Ruth 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article describes an innovative teaching experiment (part of a project for Innovation in Teaching at the University Autónoma of Madrid) which was undertaken by the authors during the first semester of the academic year 2004/2005. This teaching experiment has been the object of evaluation by the students as part of their coursework and has consisted of the use of the groupware system KnowCat, by which the students prepare a repository of documents related to topics and themes associated with the subject matter (Artificial Intelligence). During the process of elaboration both the votes for the best documents and the annotation made about them play an essential role. These documents are carried out exclusively by the students and they are who decide, by means of their activity, which of the documents presented are to be chosen as representative of the entire collection. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 308–316, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20114
Synthesis, Modeling, and Biological Evaluation of Analogues of the Semisynthetic Brevetoxin Antagonist β‐Naphthoyl‐Brevetoxin
Authors: Michelliza Sophie , Abraham William M. , Jacocks Henry M. , Schuster Thomas , Baden Daniel G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBrevetoxins are neurotoxic compounds produced by the dinoflagellateKarenia brevis. Extensive blooms induce neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) and asthma‐like symptoms in humans. β‐naphthoyl‐brevetoxin, the first semisynthetic brevetoxin antagonist, has been defined as the lead compound in the investigation of the mechanisms of bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled brevetoxins and relaxation or reversal of those effects by selected derivatives. In pursuit of more potent and effective brevetoxin antagonists, a series of β‐naphthoyl‐brevetoxin analogues have been synthesized. Activities were determined by competitive displacement of tritiated brevetoxin‐3 from rat brain synaptosomes and by lung resistance measurements in sheep. Additionally, preliminary computational structural studies have been performed. All analogues bound to rat brain synaptosomes with affinities similar to β‐naphthoyl‐brevetoxin but exhibited very different responses in sheep. The biological evaluations along with computational studies suggest that the brevetoxin binding site in rat brain synaptosome might be different from the ones in lung tissue and both steric and electrostatic factors contribute to the efficacy of brevetoxin antagonism.
A Delphi survey of the views of adult male patients with personality disorders on psychoeducation and social problem‐solving therapy
Authors: McMurran Mary , Wilmington Rebekah 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground Psychoeducation and social problem‐solving therapy are treatment components that work well in tandem for offenders with personality disorders, hence it is worthwhile to maintain and improve their effectiveness.Aim The aim was to seek patients' views of these therapies to contribute to their development.Method A Delphi survey was conducted with all 12 male inpatients of a personality disorder hospital treatment unit.Results Round 1 produced 30 statements for psychoeducation and 59 for social problem‐solving therapy to be rated in Round 2. There was consensus at a level of 70% for all items. Both psychoeducation and social problem‐solving therapies were viewed as useful by these patients. The men also suggested improvements in psychoeducation, including minimizing the delay between assessment and feedback, provision of reference material, preparation for the work and support afterwards. Areas identified for improvement in social problem‐solving therapy included more frequent review of progress, greater consistency of delivery, eliciting problems more effectively, providing reference material, supporting patients in group work, and the development of an advanced therapy.Discussion A Delphi approach to evaluation of therapies with the people receiving them is not only feasible but seems to offer a practical way of making useful clinical adjustments to the work. Further research with larger samples might usefully focus on whether such an approach enhances treatment compliance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large Magnetic Anisotropy in Pentacoordinate NiII Complexes
Authors: Rebilly Jean‐Noël , Charron Gaëlle , Rivière Eric , Guillot Régis , Barra Anne‐Laure , Serrano Marc Durán , van Slageren Joris , Mallah Talal 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPentacoordinate complexes in which NiII is chelated by the tridentate macrocyclic ligand 1,4,7‐triisopropyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (iPrtacn) of formula [Ni(iPrtacn)X2] (X=Cl, Br, NCS) have relatively large magnetic anisotropies, revealed by the large zero‐field splitting (zfs) axial parameters |D| of around 15 cm−1 measured by frequency‐domain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (FDMRS) and high‐field high‐frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (HF‐HFEPR). The spin Hamiltonian parameters for the three complexes were determined by analyzing the FDMRS spectra at different temperatures in zero applied magnetic field in an energy window between 0 and 40 cm−1. The same parameters were determined from analysis of HF‐HFEPR data measured at different frequencies (285, 380, and 475 GHz) and at 7 and 17 K. The spin Hamiltonian parameters D (axial) and E (rhombic) were calculated for the three complexes in the framework of the angular overlap model (AOM). The nature and magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy of the three complexes and the origin of the influence of the X atoms were analyzed by performing systematic calculations on model complexes.
Multivalent Binding of Small Guest Molecules and Proteins to Molecular Printboards inside Microchannels
Authors: Ludden Manon J. W. , Ling Xing Yi , Gang Tian , Bula Wojciech P. , Gardeniers Han J. G. E. , Reinhoudt David N. , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: November 2007

Abstractβ‐Cyclodextrin (β‐CD) monolayers have been immobilized in microchannels. The host–guest interactions on the β‐CD monolayers inside the channels were comparable to the interactions on β‐CD monolayers on planar surfaces, and a divalent fluorescent guest attached with a comparable binding strength. Proteins were attached to these monolayers inside microchannels in a selective manner by employing a strategy that uses streptavidin and orthogonal linker molecules. The design of the chip, which involved a large channel that splits into four smaller channels, allowed the channels to be addressed separately and led to the selective immobilization of antibodies. Experiments with labeled antibodies showed the selective immobilization of these antibodies in the separate channels.
The value of household life cycle variables in consumer expenditure research: An empirical examination
Authors: Putler Daniel S. , Li Tieshan , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe examine why studies reach contradictory conclusions concerning the value of the household life cycle model as a predictive tool in consumer expenditure research. Using a database of roughly 14,000 Canadian households, we find that household life cycle variables do not generally enhance prediction over a more parsimonious model containing a basic set of socioeconomic and demographic variables, even when comparing less aggregated to more aggregated expenditure categories. However, they do enhance prediction for categories that are defined such that the typical users of the category fall into a fairly narrow age range. The theoretical and applied significance of our findings are discussed and directions for future research are offered. Copyright © 2007 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiamine Pyrophosphate Dependent Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions: Stereoselective C–C Bond Formations in Water
Authors: Demir Ayhan S. , Ayhan Peruze , Sopaci S. Betül 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEnzymes are biodegradable and renewable resources that utilize water as the reaction solvent. Reactions catalyzed by enzymes are among the most effective, selective, and ‘green’ processes available today. The advantages of using biocatalysts include their high degree of regio‐ and stereo‐specificity, versatility, and high reaction rates under mild reaction conditions. Enzyme catalyzed enantioselective C–C bond formation reactions are rather important aspects of synthetic organic chemistry. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) dependent enzymes, especially, have an important role in the stereoselective formation of C–C bonds. This review covers the recent advances in enzyme catalyzed asymmetric C–C bond formation using the most pronounced thiamine pyrophosphate dependent enzymes: acetohydroxyacid synthase, benzaldehyde lyase, benzoylformate decarboxylase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase. These enzymes are all capable of acyloin‐type condensation reactions in water under mild conditions, in turn leading to chiral α‐hydroxy ketones, which are versatile building blocks for the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
Effects of Long‐Term Sewage Sludge Amendment on the Composition, Structure and Proton Binding Activity of Soil Fulvic Acids
Authors: García‐Gil Juan Carlos , Plaza César , Senesi Nicola , Brunetti Gennaro , Polo Alfredo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe objective of this research was the evaluation of long‐term effects of amendment with sewage sludge (SL) on the compositional, structural, and functional characteristics of soil fulvic acids (FAs) with special emphasis on their acid‐base properties. For this purpose, FAs were isolated from SL, soils amended with SL after 9 and 36 months from amendment, and the corresponding unamended soil. With respect to unamended soil FA, SL‐FA was characterized by a prevalent aliphatic character, larger contents of C, H, N, and S, smaller contents of O, carboxyl and phenolic OH, total acidity, and C/N and C/H ratios. The SL‐amendment determined a number of modifications in soil FA, including an increase of aliphaticity and N, H and S contents, a decrease of O and acidic functional group contents and C/N ratios, and a slightly increase of proton affinity of the carboxylic‐type and phenolic‐type groups. Further, SL‐application induced a decrease of heterogeneity of carboxylic‐type groups, whereas the heterogeneity of phenolic‐type groups increased substantially. These changes, in turn, influenced the acid‐base buffering capacity of SL‐amended soils, which is expected to have an important impact on the biological availability, mobilization, and transport of nutrients and heavy metal ions in SL‐amended soils. However, these effects on SL‐amended soil FAs become less and less apparent with a clear trend to approach the molecular properties of native soil FA.
Preparation and NMR Spectroscopy of Selected Polychlorinated meta‐Terphenyls
Authors: Hopf Henning , Carjila Andreia , Ernst Ludger 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe preparation of eight polychlorinated terphenyl (PCT) congeners by Suzuki coupling from readily available starting materials is described: the dichloride 3,3′′‐dichloro‐meta‐terphenyl (3), the tetrachlorides 2,2′′3,3′′‐tetrachloro‐meta‐terphenyl (5a), 2,2′′4,4′′‐tetrachloro‐meta‐terphenyl (5b), 2,2′′,5,5′′‐tetrachloro‐meta‐terphenyl (5c), and 3,3′′,4,4′′‐tetrachloro‐meta‐terphenyl (5d) and the pentachlorides 3,4,5′,3′′,4′′‐pentachloro‐meta‐terphenyl (8), 2,4,5′,3′′,4′′‐pentachloro‐meta‐terphenyl (9), and 2,4,5′,3′′,5′′‐pentachloro‐meta‐terphenyl (10), the latter being obtained by a combinatorial approach to these meta‐terphenyl derivatives. The structure elucidation of these model compounds rests largely on NMR spectroscopy which allows unambiguous assignment of the substitution pattern.
Management of Waste from Health Care Institutions
Authors: Meyer Roswitha 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEfficient health‐care waste management is crucial for the prevention of the exposure of health care workers, patients, and the community to infections, toxic wastes and injuries as well as the protection of the environment, according to the World Health Organization. Health care waste is classified according to local governmental directives. These, as well as the disposal of the different waste streams vary extremely between different countries. This requires country specific solutions for disposal of health care wastes. Since 1989 the author participates in hospital waste management projects for the Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) and the Senior Expert Service (SES) in Brazil, Thailand, and Ghana. In 2003 she founded the consultancy “Meyro‐Consulting” (www.meyro‐consulting.de).
Selective Human Adenosine A3 Antagonists based on Pyrido[2,1‐f]purine‐2,4‐diones: Novel Features of hA3 Antagonist Binding
Authors: Priego Eva‐María , Pérez‐Pérez María‐Jesús , von Frijtag Drabbe Kuenzel Jacobien K. , de Vries Henk , IJzerman Adriaan P. , Camarasa María‐José , Martín‐Santamaría Sonsoles 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBased on our previous results on the potent antagonist effect of 1H,3H‐pyrido[2,1‐f]purine‐2,4‐diones at the human A3 adenosine receptor, new series of this family of compounds have been synthesized and evaluated in radioligand binding studies against the human A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors. A remarkable improvement in potency, and most noticeable, in selectivity has been achieved, as exemplified by the 3‐cyclopropylmethyl‐8‐methoxy‐1‐(4‐methylbenzyl)‐1H,3H‐pyrido[2,1‐f]purine‐2,4‐dione (10) that combines a very high affinity at hA3 (Ki=2.24 nM), with lack of affinity for the A1, A2A, and A2B receptors. On the basis of the published hA3 receptor model (PDB 1OEA), molecular modeling studies, including molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, have been performed to depict the binding mode of the 1 H,3H‐pyrido[2,1‐f]purine‐2,4‐diones and to justify the selectivity against the other adenosine receptors. These studies have led to novel features of the cavity where our antagonists are bound so that the cavity is lined by the hydrogen‐bonded Gln 167‐Asn 250 pair and by the highly conserved Phe 168.
Modeling language and tools for the semantic link network
Authors: Zhuge Hai , Yuan Kehua , Liu Jin , Zhang Junsheng , Wang Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe semantic link network (SLN) is the extension of the hyperlink Web by attaching semantics to hyperlinks. It is an approach to construct a semantic overlay on Web resources. The specification of the semantics of the SLN model is an essential issue of SLN application. This paper proposes a modeling language for SLN consisting of an algebraic definition for SLN, a SLN metamodel and a Unified Modeling Language (UML) profile for SLN. The SLN metamodel specifies the primitives of the modeling language. The UML profile for SLN defines the specific syntax on SLN to make the modeling language understandable and usable. The development of the SLN builder implementing this language and the graphical SLN browser is introduced. This work is a part of the SLN model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and analysis of an electronic ballast with a secondary DC output
Authors: Cheng K. W. E. , Wang H. Y. , Cheng D. K. W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn electronic ballast circuit for a high‐frequency operated fluorescent lamp, which uses switched‐capacitor techniques, is presented in this paper. A part of energy in the electronic ballast is derived to a secondary DC output as a power supply. All the switching devices are zero‐current switching in the proposed circuit. The circuit is integrated with the function of a DC/DC converter. Therefore, the circuit has a dual functionality with simple control method. Simulation results and experimental results of the ballast with an FL‐15D lamp are used to verify the performance of the proposed circuit. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex difference in neural tube defects in p53‐null mice is caused by differences in the complement of X not Y genes
Authors: Chen Xuqi , Watkins Rebecca , Delot Emmanuele , Reliene Ramune , Schiestl Robert H. , Burgoyne Paul S. , Arnold Arthur P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo shed light on the biological origins of sex differences in neural tube defects (NTDs), we examined Trp53‐null C57BL/6 mouse embryos and neonates at 10.5 and 18.5 days post coitus (dpc) and at birth. We confirmed that female embryos show more NTDs than males. We also examined mice in which the testis‐determining gene Sry is deleted from the Y chromosome but inserted onto an autosome as a transgene, producing XX and XY gonadal females and XX and XY gonadal males. At birth, Trp53 nullizygous mice were predominantly XY rather than XX, irrespective of gonadal type, showing that the sex difference in the lethal effect of Trp53 nullizygosity by postnatal day 1 is caused by differences in sex chromosome complement. At 10.5 dpc, the incidence of NTDs in Trp53‐null progeny of XY* mice, among which the number of the X chromosomes varies independently of the presence or absence of a Y chromosome, was higher in mice with two copies of the X chromosome than in mice with a single copy. The presence of a Y chromosome had no protective effect, suggesting that sex differences in NTDs are caused by sex differences in the number of X chromosomes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Measurement of daily activity in restrictive type anorexia nervosa
Authors: Harris Ann M. , McAlpine Donald E. , Shirbhate Rashmi , Manohar Chinmay U. , Levine James A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective:The assessment of daily activity in patients with restrictive type anorexia nervosa is limited by an absence of accurate and precise technology. We wanted to test a daily activity detecting device named, the physical activity monitoring system (PAMS).Method:Women participants with restrictive type anorexia nervosa (n = 8, 36 ± 11 years, 17 ± 2 kg/m2) and healthy women participants (n = 8, 30 ± 11 years, 27 ± 7 kg/m2) were asked to lie, sit, and stand motionless, and walk at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mph while wearing PAMS.Results:For all restrictive type anorexia nervosa and healthy participants, body posture was correctly detected for all measurements (300/300). There was excellent correlation of an individual's body acceleration with walking velocity and walking energy expenditure (r2 > .99).Conclusion:The PAMS technology could serve as a tool for lending insight into the pathophysiology of restrictive type anorexia nervosa; and potentially measuring compliance with activity recommendations for medical professionals treating individuals with restrictive type anorexia nervosa. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Peptide‐based immunotherapy of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis without anaphylaxis
Authors: Leech Melanie D. , Chung Chen‐Yen , Culshaw Abigail , Anderton Stephen M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAdministration of peptide antigens in tolerogenic form holds promise as a specific treatment for autoimmune and allergic disorders. However, experiments in rodent autoimmune models have highlighted the risk of anaphylaxis in response to systemic peptide application once the aberrant immune response is underway. Thus, mice with clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) or diabetes have been reported to suffer fatal anaphylaxis upon administration of native autoantigenic peptides. Clearly, this might represent a significant barrier to the use of synthetic peptides in the treatment of ongoing human autoimmune conditions. Here we describe the development of an altered peptide ligand (APL) engineered to prevent anaphylaxis (no antibody binding) whilst retaining the ability to silence pathogenic myelin‐reactive T lymphocytes. Administration of the APL to mice with an ongoing anti‐myelin immune response did not cause anaphylaxis, but led to complete protection from the subsequent induction of EAE and, when given during ongoing EAE, led to a rapid remission of clinical signs. The approach of removing antibody recognition whilst maintaining the desired functional effect (in this case T cell tolerance) may be of value in other situations in which there is a risk of triggering anaphylaxis with peptide‐based drugs.
Monocyte‐mediated T cell suppression by HIV‐2 envelope proteins
Authors: Cavaleiro Rita , Brunn Gregory J. , Albuquerque Adriana S. , Victorino Rui M. M. , Platt Jeffrey L. , Sousa Ana E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHIV‐2 is associated with an attenuated form of HIV disease. We investigate here the immunosuppressive effects of the HIV‐2 envelope protein, gp105. We found that gp105 suppresses activation of T cells through a monocyte‐mediated mechanism. Suppression of T cell activation by gp105 depends on contact between monocytes and T cells, but not on CD4+CD25+ T cells. The TLR4 pathway is likely involved, since gp105 activates TLR4 signaling and induces TNF‐α production by monocytes. Immunosuppression is viewed as the main pathophysiologic consequence of infection by HIV. However, the main immunologic defect caused by HIV, depletion of T cells, requires T cell activation. Our findings are consistent with a new concept that HIV‐2 envelope proteins act on monocytes to suppress T cell activation and that this property may contribute to the benign course of HIV‐2. We hypothesize that the HIV‐2 envelope immunosuppressive properties limit bursts of T cell activation, thus reducing viremia and contributing to the slow rate of disease progression that characterizes HIV‐2 disease.
Unusual biochemical features and follicular dendritic cell expression of human Fcα/μ receptor
Authors: Kikuno Kaoru , Kang Dong‐Won , Tahara Kazuki , Torii Ikuko , Kubagawa Homare M. , Ho Kang Jey , Baudino Lucie , Nishizaki Naoto , Shibuya Akira , Kubagawa Hiromi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Fc receptor for IgA and IgM (Fcα/μR) is of particular interest because it can bind antibodies of both IgM and IgA isotypes and thus may play a pivotal role in systemic and mucosal immunity. Using IgM and IgA ligands and newly generated Fcα/μR specific monoclonal antibodies we have defined biochemical features and cellular distribution of the human Fcα/μR. Both recombinant and native forms of human Fcα/μR are expressed on the cell surface as remarkably stable homodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins that can bind specifically polymeric IgM or IgA. The only human B cells to express Fcα/μR, albeit at very low levels, are found in the pre‐germinal center subpopulation defined by the IgD+/CD38+ phenotype. Hence the expression pattern differs from that of the mouse wherein Fcα/μR is expressed by both circulating and resident B cell populations. Significantly, the predominant cell type expressing the Fcα/μR in humans is the follicular dendritic cell of germinal centers. The Fcα/μR may thus function in antigen presentation and B cell selection in the germinal center response.