bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica Associated with Low Density Lipoproteins Deficiency
Authors: Wallis K. , Azizi E. , Kook A.J. , Herczeg E. , Julsary A. , Szeinberg A. , Zaidman J.L. 
Published: March 2008

This study describes clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic findings in a three-month-old infant with acrodermatitis enteropathica. Com plete absence of low density lipoprotein frac tions in serum was found on paper and cellogel electrophoresis. This is the first known patient with acrodermatitis enteropathica in whom a- beta-lipoproteinemia was diagnosed. Despite treatment with fluids, special diets, antibiotics and diiodoquine, the infant died after two months of hospitalization.. A marked reduction in the levels of pre-beta and beta-lipoproteins was also observed in the serum of a sister of the propositus, one month following birth, born after propositus' death. At present, the sister is six months old. During this period, a constant increase in the d < 1.063 lipoprotein fractions in the sister's serum was observed. The propositus and the entire family have been studied and results are presented.
A Case of Somatic Expression of Family and Environmental Stress
Authors: Koch Charles R. , Minuchin Salvador , Donovan Woodrow M. 
Published: March 2008

A child's behavior is caused by many factors. Some are "inside" the child, such as neurons and glands, memories and motivations. "Outside" the child are factors such as his parents, his siblings, his family's socioeconomic status, his house, his school, the hue of his skin, television, and many others. The major theoretical systems in pediatrics and child psychiatry have always been concerned with the influence of both the internal and the external factors upon the development of the child. Particular emphasis has been put, in theory, on the importance of the family and the way the child, an organism with biologic and psychologic needs, negotiates those needs within the nurturing and socializing unit called the family. The techniques of intervention which have been developed by pediatricians and child psychiatrists have been aimed almost entirely at the child as a separate organism. Though the theories have taken account of the importance of the family in the child's development and behavior, the techniques used to help the child have not. Pediatricians acknowledge the significance of the family in the management of a child's illness, yet traditionally they examine the child but talk with the parents, mostly the mother. A team of pediatricians and child psychiatrists at the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have joined to explore the influence of the family in the development of psychosomatic and psychogenic symptoms in children and in the management of pediatric illness. Their researches in psychosomatic syndromes, supported by an NIMH grant (#21336-02), have been described in the bibliography at the end of the third article. The three papers which follow illustrate how includ ing the family in the field of observation leads to a richer way of understanding and treating children's illnesses. —Salvador Minuchin, M.D.
Clinical Review: The Reading Miscue Inventory
Authors: Ramig Christopher J. 
Published: March 2008

Reading Miscue Inventory—RMI—opens avenues of dealing with the reading process in a scientific and process-oriented fashion which can lead to further refining of the theoretical base upon which reading is founded as well as pro viding diagnostic information for use by reading specialists. From such information, reading specialists are able to develop remediation on an individualized basis. Appropriate materials, pro cedures, and practices are developed from the qualitative analysis of miscues rather than from the information provided by standardized achievement or diagnostic reading tests. Insights are gained regarding a child's ability to use the complex process of reading. Remediation of dis ability, at the appropriate place in the process, is based on assumptions regarding the inter relationship of thought and language. Reading specialists are looking to psycho- linguists for theoretical bases upon which to build models of the reading process. Qualitative miscue analysis is based upon recently pro posed notions of the psycholinguistic nature of reading. Common concepts and understanding regarding reading and assessment of reading disability may facilitate learning disability teams in their diagnostic and remedial procedures. Until recently, these discussions have occurred mainly in reading-related research and in educa tion circles, but learning disabilities teams are beginning to participate in the refining and clarifying of these notions of assessment and remediation. Regardless of the eventual outcome, the necessity for considering these views is basic to a fuller understanding of ways in which learning-disabled children may be helped.
Stature and Longitudinal Growth in Thalassemia Major
Authors: Constantoulakis Matthew , Panagopoulos George , Augoustaki Olga 
Published: March 2008

A high percentage of Greek children with homozygous b-thalassemia were short and had a lag in growth, though some severely affected attained normal height. Bone age lagged significantly behind the chronologic age, even in those with normal height for their age. A longitudinal study demonstrated an initial normal growth velocity which decreased after the age of six for males and eight for females. No patient had a spurt of growth at adolescence. Height gain continued up to the age of 21 and then ceased. Statistical analysis with a multiple regression equation showed a significant relationship between the age and height of the patients. Low hemoglobin levels and severity of the disease seemed to hinder normal growth, but neither relationship was statistically significant.
A Case Study of Neurosis Secondary to Trauma in an Eight-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Pederson William M. 
Published: March 2008

This case study deals with an eight-year-old girl who developed persistent abdominal pain and vomiting for which no physiological cause could be discovered. After two months of un successful treatment for her illness, the girl was referred for a psychiatric consultation. During the psychiatric interview, the psycho genic nature of the girl's illness became readily apparent, as did the nature of the conflict which had produced it. The tendency is strong for psychogenic ill ness, such as this, to become chronic without psychiatric treatment. Many physicians are re luctant to apply clinically basic psychiatric techniques to the treatment of physical illness. A suggestion is made that closer collaboration between psychiatry and other medical special ties could be of great value in preventive medicine.
Determination of Uronic Acids in Cellulosic Materials
Authors: Whistler Roy L. , Martin A.R. , Harris Milton 
Published: March 2008

Naturally-occurring cellulosic fibres appear to be a more or less intimate association of cellulose with other constituents, generally referred to as incrusting substances. A portion of these extraneous materials appears to be com posed of uronic acids, presumably contained in the pectic substance of the fibres. Many of the important properties of these fibres, such as tensile strength, moisture and dye absorption, and viscosity in cuprammonium solution have frequently been considered as related to the presence of small quantities of pectin. In order to study this relation ship in greater detail, it was necessary to develop a method for the quantitative estimation of pectin or its constituent uronic acids. Available methods, based on the evolution of carbon dioxide during treatment of the uronic acid with a boiling solution of hydrochloric acid, were found to fail when cellulose or other carbohydrate materials were present, since these substances also decompose with the evolution of some carbon dioxide. An investigation of the rates of evolution of carbon dioxide showed that pure uronic acids evolved carbon dioxide at a rapid rate and that the evolution of gas was complete in several hours. On the other hand, carbohydrates, free of uronic acids, evolved carbon dioxide at a much slower but approximately con stant rate during the entire treatment. It was found that this difference in rates could be utilized for the estimation of uronic acids, even when they are mixed with large pro portions of cellulosic materials. A detailed description of the apparatus and its manipulation is given.
Removal of a Sulfur Black Dye from Suspension by Flotation Methods
Authors: Clanton B.R. , Cameron F.K. , Magoffin J.E. 
Published: March 2008

1. It has been confirmed that the flotation of sulfur black suspensions is dependent on the electrokinetic poten tial of the dye, as measured by the migration velocity. 2. Several new floating agents have been found to be effective alone and in mixtures. 3. Partial coagulation of the dye with electrolytes or positive colloids before addition of floating agents has proved to be effective. The improvement is directly con nected with the change in the electrokinetic potential of the dye caused by the coagulating agent.
Concerning the Existence of Fractions of the Sericin in Raw Silk
Authors: Rutherford Henry A. , Harris Milton 
Published: March 2008

Raw silk fibres consist of at least two proteins, silk fibroin and silk sericin. The latter forms a coating over the fibroin and constitutes 15 to 30% of the total weight of the raw fibre. In practical silk processing, the sericin is generally allowed to remain on the fibre until the fabric is ready to be dyed. In this way, it acts as a protective coating for the silk in the weaving or knitting operations. Removal of the sericin is usually accomplished with hot soap solutions. The results of numerous studies of this process led earlier investigators to a variety of con cepts concerning the state and properties of the sericin in the raw silk fibre. Some stated that the sericin is a single protein substance, whereas others claimed it to be a mix ture of proteins which they designated as sericins A, B, etc. The latter concept formed the basis for further claims concerning the desirability of retaining certain fractions of the sericin to improve some wltimate proper ties of the silk. As many of these claims were based on insufficient experimental evidence, it seemed desirable to make a more extensive investigation of the question of the possible existence of several fractions of the sericin in raw silk. The results of the present investigation show that the relative yields of the so-called sericins A and B, obtained after treatment of silk in an autoclave, were dependent on the duration of the treatment. Practically all of the sericin removed in the early stages of autoclaving was in the form generally designated as sericin B. On continu ing the treatment, this fraction was rapidly converted into the more soluble form, sericin. A. Analyses of the fractions, obtained after autoclaving the silk for differ ent lengths of time, showed that the alleged serieins A and B are not definite chemical entities, but are substances whose chemical compositions vary with the duration of the autoclave treatment. It is concluded from these stud ies that the sericin in raw silk does not exist as a mix ture of fractions, but that the fractions are artifacts which result from the hydrolytic decomposition of the naturally occurring sericin during its removal from the raw fibres.
The Moisture Relations of Textile Fibres at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Wiegerink James G. 
Published: March 2008

The moisture contents of ten kinds of textile fibres in the form of specially prepared yarns were determined when the fibres were in equilibrium with air for a series of relative humidities and tem peratures. Data were obtained for both "desorption." and "ad sorption," the yarns being brought to equilibrium from a wet condition and a dry condition, respectively. The fibres studied were raw cotton, "purified" cotton, mercerized cotton, clothing wool, carpet wool, viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon, raw silk, degummed silk and cellulose acetate. The temperatures ranged from 96° F. to 302° F. and the relative humidities ranged from 5% to 90% for temperatures below 212° F. and up to the maximum obtainable at atmospheric pressure above 212° F. The results are given in the form of graphs showing moisture content against relative humidity and also in the form of graphs in which the logarithms of the moisture contents at given relative humidities are plotted against the reciprocals of the corresponding absolute temperatures. The last show straight line relationships with changes in the slopes of the lines between 200° F. and 220° F.
Viscose Rayon: Stress-Strain Properties
Authors: Bellinson H.R. 
Published: March 2008

Measurements were made of the strength and stretch of viscose rayon yarns at values of relative humidity ranging from 43 to 74%. It was found that the strength decreases and the stretch in creases as the relative humidity is increased. Both effects are ap proximately linear in the region observed. The change in strength is 2.58 grams, in stretch .047%, for each 1% change in relative hu midity. Stretch-load diagrams are shown, and it appears there that the "yield" region decreases and the "work hardening" region in creases with increased relative humidity. Correlation is found to exist between strength and stretch of individual specimens. The best estimate of the coefficient of cor relation is + 0.185.
Effects of Drying Conditions on Properties of Textile Yarns
Authors: Wiegerink James G. 
Published: March 2008

Yarns made from raw cotton, "purified" cotton, mercerized cotton, clothing wool, carpet wool, viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon, cellulose acetate, and degummed silk were saturated with water and then exposed for periods of 1/2 to 6 hours in air having temperatures of 221° 257 °, and 302° F. and absolute humidities of approximately 1%, 55%, and 95%. After conditioning the dried yarns for at least 24 hours in air of 65% relative humidity and 70° F., measurements were made of the breaking strengths, elongations at break, and moisture contents of the yarns; the fluid ities of dispersions of the cellulosic fibres in cuprammonium solu tion, of the silk in aqueous zinc chloride, and of the acetate in aqueous acetone; and the relative affinities of the cellulosic fibres for the dye Benzopurpurine 4B and of the wools for acid dyes. Heating for 6 hours at 221° F. and each of the three humidi ties weakened all of the yarns. The breaking strength and elonga tion at break of the viscose, cuprammonium, degummed silk, and cotton yarns decreased still more at higher temperatures. In com parison with heating at 1% absolute humidity, heating at 95% absolute humidity resulted in lower breaking strengths and elonga tions at break for all yarns except the raw cotton, higher fluidities, lower affinity of cellulosic fibres and higher affinity of wool fibres for the dyes. Heating for 1/2 hour at 302° F. had little effect on the prop erties of the yarns except the viscose and cuprammonium rayon which were adversely affected. The damage which occurred at a given temperature and humidity inereased throughout the heating period.
Combination of Silk Fibroin with Acid and with Base
Authors: Gleysteen Leland F. , Harris Milton 
Published: March 2008

Silk contains a number of acidic and basic groups. The state of combination and the behavior of these groups are important in influencing the tensile and elastic properties of the fibroin and the adsorption of moisture and dyes. As part of a broad research program of the Textile Foundation Research Associateship at the National Bureau of Standards on the acidic and basic properties of fibers, this investigation was under taken to determine the relationship between the quantities of hydro claloric acid and potassium hydroxide taken up by fibroin from solutions and the concentrations of those solutions. The effect of added potassium chloride was also studied. In general, it has been possible to correlate the several parts of the titration curves of proteins with their amino acid contents, but our knowledge of the rôle of the phenolic hydroxyl groups of tyrosine has always been uncertain. Silk fibroin, however, contains such a large proportion of tyrosine as to assure practically an indication of the rôle of the phenolic hydroxyl groups of tyrosine simply by the magnitude of the base-binding capacity. In order to investigate more care fully the part taken by these groups, a titration curve was ob tained for methylated fibroin in which most of the hydroxyl groups had been converted into nonreactive methoxyl groups. The component parts of the titration curve of silk fibroin have been interpreted in terms of the composition of this protein. Thus the hydroxyl groups of tyrosine appear to bind base as shown by the fact that the base-combining capacity is much greater than can be accounted for by the other groups which are able to bind base. The presence of free carboxyl groups in silk fibroin is sug gested by the shape of the titration curve. From the maximum amount of acid bound an estimate of the total content of free amino groups may be obtained. The effect of added salt is simi lar to that obtained with other insoluble proteins, namely to in crease the quantity of acid or base bound at a given pH, in a manner which suggests that the combination of hydrogen ions is affected by the concentration of anions as well as by the concen tration of hydrogen ions and that combination with hydroxyl ions is affected by the concentration of cations.
Fabric Properties of Blends of New and Reprocessed Wool
Authors: Bailey Barbara 
Published: March 2008

Physical and chemical effects of blending new and reprocessed wool have been investigated before and after varying numbers of commercial dry cleanings and pressings. Differences in fundamental fabric properties were found for the four blends of wool used, although identical manufacturing and finishing processes were employed. Ash content tended to increase with dry cleaning, sulfur was not appreciably affected, and the nitrogen content showed a marked increase between, the fifteenth and thirtieth dry cleanings. Applications of statistical methods to the tests of strength and elongation showed in general that blending the sources of new and reprocessed wool used in this study resulted in decreases in fabric strength and elongation as the percentages of reprocessed wool were increased, and these differences persisted through forty- five dry cleanings and pressings. The effects of dry cleaning and pressing were mixed and nominal in magnitude.
Continuous Filament Rayon Slashing
Authors: Yelland William E. 
Published: March 2008

A series of continuous filament rayon warps, which had been sized with different grades of gelatins and glues, and some of which had been dried to high regains, all wove satisfactorily in the weave room. Comparisons were made among them using the criteria discussed in previous articles, namely, (1) the number of breaks due to balling-up in back of the reed and (2) the number of warp defects appearing in the greige goods. It was then found that larger amounts of lower grade gelatin- glues were picked up by the warp and gave much better protection to the yarn than smaller amounts of high grade gelatin taken up by the warp from size baths of the same viscosity but of lower concentration. Moreover, the higher grade material showed a tend ency to distribute itself less regularly on the yarn than the low grade material. Warps dried to high regains, although not classed as soft warps by the slasher tender and weaver, showed a much higher number of breaks due to balling-up in back of the reed and a larger number of defects in the greige goods than the standard warps.
Cross Sectioning of Textile Materials by Hand Without Microtome or Other Special Equipment
Authors: Lee H.N. , Schwarz E.R. 
Published: March 2008

The cutting of thin cross sections of textiles with microtomes of various designs is well established and has been thoroughly de scribed in publications. Except for the cork method no description appears to be published for preparing very thin sections without the use of some kind of microtome. With the cork method it is not easy to cut sections sufficiently thin for best microscopical examina tions. In the following, methods are described which can be used for cutting very thin sections, as thin as can be made with a micro tome. These methods can be used with a microtome but entirely satisfactory sections for most purposes can be prepared with no special equipment of any kind. Fundamentally these methods consist of impregnating a tuft or bundle of fibers or fabric with a material of such stiffness and tenacity that the fibers will be held in position during the cutting operation. Procedures are given in the following which have been satisfactorily employed.
Fiber Structure
Authors: Harris Milton , Mizell Louis R. , Fourt Lyman 
Published: March 2008

Fundamental research in the chemical structure of fibers has received increasing attention in recent years. This research has gone hand in hand with the improvement of regenerated and synthetic fibers, that has brought rayon. to its present commanding position among textile fibers. The unique structure of the wool fiber, namely, flexi ble chains linked together by cross-linkages, and the fact that these cross-links can be ruptured and then re-built, with the effect of making the wool fiber more stable and resistant to the action of alkalies and attacks by moths, was outlined in TEXTILE RESEARCH, November, 1941. The following is a condensed report of further investigations, by Dr. Harris and associates at the Textile Foundation Laboratories. The complete report will be found in the July issue of Journal of Research, National Bureau of Standards; Ind. and Eng. Chemistry ; and in American Dyestuff Reporter.
Postwar Full Employment
Authors: Besse Arthur , Hansen Alvin H. 
Published: March 2008

The September issue of Textile Research contained a condensation of a pamphlet issued by the National Re sources Planning Board, entitled "After the War—Full Employment." We published this because we know that Dr. Hansen's ideas are given considerable weight by men in authority in Washington, and for that reason we felt they should be brought to the attention of our members. Arthur Besse, president of the National Association of Wool Manufacturers and one of our Directors, disa grees with many of Professor Hansen's conclusions. We, therefore, were glad to offer him the opportunity of ex pressing his views. (Mr. Besse's letter follows.) Editor.
Warmth Without Weight
Authors: Kirkpatrick Clifford 
Published: March 2008

For years the heat insulating properties of certain types of metallic coatings have been recognized by engineers and applied in the construction field, a well known ex ample being the use of aluminum paint as a coating for gasoline storage tanks. However, the application of heat reflecting coatings to textiles for the purpose of in sulating against the inflow of cold or the escape of heat from within is a comparatively recent development. The following digest of an article* by Professor Kirkpatrick gives some of the results of his laboratory tests in which the experimental evidence indicates that a reflective film of negligible weight will compare favorably with conventional textiles in restricting heat loss, and that by proper construction it should be possible to in crease the warmth and at the same time decrease the weight of articles of clothing, blankets, bedding and the like.