bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient priorities of care in rheumatology outpatient clinics: a qualitative study
Authors: Ward Vicky , Hill Jackie , Hale Claire , Bird Howard , Quinn Helen , Thorpe Ruth 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: To provide more understanding of what rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients want and need from an outpatient visit.Methods: 25 patients who experienced care in a nurse practitioner clinic (n = 10), junior doctor clinic (n = 9) or consultant clinic (n = 6) in a large teaching hospital in West Yorkshire were interviewed about their perceptions and experiences of care. Interviews were approximately 11/2 hours in duration and were carried out in a neutral environment by a research nurse. Interview data were subjected to atheoretical content analysis, which resulted in the identification of emergent themes.Results: Five main themes emerged from the analysis of interview data: 1) patients want to be communicated to clearly and effectively and value positive relationships with practitioners. These help to give patients confidence in the care they are receiving; 2) patients want to feel in control of their condition and tend to refuse interventions as a way of gaining control; 3) patients want to be given clear explanations during consultations, and want information in oral and written forms; 4) patients want to be able to access practitioners between scheduled appointments as a way of gaining reassurance; and 5) patients want to feel valued by society through having their difficulties appreciated and understood by others.Conclusion: This research adds to the body of evidence on what patients want from their rheumatology care, and each theme has clear implications for future practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and immunological spectrum of the Miller Fisher syndrome
Authors: Lo Y. L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), characterized by ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia, was first recognized as a distinct clinical entity in 1956. MFS is mostly an acute, self‐limiting condition, but there is anecdotal evidence of benefit with immunotherapy. Pathological data remain scarce. MFS can be associated with infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic disorders. Radiological findings have suggested both central and peripheral involvement. The anti‐GQ1b IgG antibody titer is most commonly elevated in MFS, but may also be increased in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE). Molecular mimicry, particularly in relation to antecedent Campylobacter jejuni and Hemophilus influenzae infections, is likely the predominant pathogenic mechanism, but the roles of other biological factors remain to be established. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of neuromuscular transmission defects in association with anti‐GQ1b IgG antibody, both in vitro and in vivo. Collective findings from clinical, radiological, immunological, and electrophysiological techniques have helped to define MFS, GBS, and BBE as major disorders within the proposed spectrum of anti‐GQ1b IgG antibody syndrome. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Ubiquitin‐ligase and deubiquitinating gene expression in stretched rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Soares Antonio Garcia , Aoki Marcelo Saldanha , Miyabara Elen Haruka , DeLuca Camila Valentim , Ono Hélcio Yogi , Gomes Marcelo Damário , Moriscot Anselmo Sigari 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn order to gain insight into intracellular mechanisms involved in longitudinal growth of skeletal muscle, we determined gene expression of ubiquitin‐ligases (MAFbx/atrogin‐1, E3 alpha, and MuRF‐1) and deubiquitinating enzymes (UBP45, UBP69, and USP28) at different time‐points (24, 48, and 96 h) of continuous stretch of the soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. In the soleus, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that MAFbx/atrogin‐1, E3 alpha, and MuRF‐1 gene expression was downregulated, peaking at 24–48 h. Gene expression of all deubiquitinating enzymes increased with continuous stretch of soleus. In the TA, gene expression of the ubiquitin‐ligases MAFbx/atrogin‐1 and MuRF‐1 was elevated, whereas expression of UBP45 and UBP69 was downregulated. Western blot analysis showed that the overall ubiquitination level decreased in the soleus and increased in the TA during stretch. These results suggest that ubiquitin‐ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes are involved in longitudinal growth induced by continuous muscle stretch. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Prioritized e‐mail servicing to reduce non‐spam delay and loss: A performance analysis
Authors: Marsono Muhammad N. , El‐Kharashi M. Watheq , Gebali Fayez 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a prioritized e‐mail servicing on e‐mail servers to reduce the delay and loss of non‐spam e‐mails due to queuing. Using a prioritized two‐queue scheme, non‐spam e‐mails are queued in a fast queue and given higher service priority than spam e‐mails that are queued in a slow queue. Four prioritized e‐mail service strategies for the two‐queue scheme are proposed and analyzed. We modeled these four strategies using discrete‐time Markov chain analysis under different e‐mail traffic loads and service capacities. Non‐spam e‐mails can be delivered within a small delay, even under heavy e‐mail loadings and high spam‐to‐non‐spam a priori. Results from our analysis of the two‐queue scheme show that it gives non‐spam delay and loss probability two orders of magnitude smaller than the typical single‐queue approach during heavy spam traffic. Moreover, prioritized e‐mail servicing protects e‐mail servers from spam attacks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of transition metal‐binding sites from apo protein structures
Authors: Babor Mariana , Gerzon Sergey , Raveh Barak , Sobolev Vladimir , Edelman Marvin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMetal ions are crucial for protein function. They participate in enzyme catalysis, play regulatory roles, and help maintain protein structure. Current tools for predicting metal–protein interactions are based on proteins crystallized with their metal ions present (holo forms). However, a majority of resolved structures are free of metal ions (apo forms). Moreover, metal binding is a dynamic process, often involving conformational rearrangement of the binding pocket. Thus, effective predictions need to be based on the structure of the apo state. Here, we report an approach that identifies transition metal‐binding sites in apo forms with a resulting selectivity >95%. Applying the approach to apo forms in the Protein Data Bank and structural genomics initiative identifies a large number of previously unknown, putative metal‐binding sites, and their amino acid residues, in some cases providing a first clue to the function of the protein. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Franck–Condon factors for molecules observed in comets
Authors: Palma A. , Sandoval L. , Churyumov K. , Chavushyan V. , Berezhnoy A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFranck‐Condon Factors are calculated for the C and CO molecules and are used to identify these species in the optical spectra of comet C/2000WM1(LINEAR) and C/2000 C1 (Ikeya–Zhang). The present results compare well with those obtained by other methods. The optical spectra were recorded by means of the 2.12‐m telescope at the Guillermo Haro observatory in Cananea, Sonora, México.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Seeing through dust and water vapor: Millimeter wave radar sensors for mining applications
Authors: Brooker Graham , Hennessey Ross , Lobsey Craig , Bishop Mark , Widzyk‐Capehart Eleonora 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper defines the issues required for the development of successful visualization sensors for use in open cut and underground mines. It examines the mine environment and considers both the reflectivity of the rock and attenuation effects of dust and water droplets. Millimeter wave technology, as an alternative to the more commonly used laser and sonar implementations, is selected due to its superior penetration through adverse atmospheric conditions. Of the available radar techniques, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) is selected as being the most robust. The theoretical performance of a number of 77 and 94 GHz FMCW millimeter wave radar systems is determined and these confirm the capability of these sensors in the mining environment. Implementations of FMCW radar sensors for simple ranging and three‐dimensional surface profiling are discussed before data obtained during field trials in mines is presented to justify the selection of this technology. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The OmniTread OT‐4 serpentine robot—design and performance
Authors: Borenstein Johann , Hansen Malik , Borrell Adam 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSerpentine robots are slender, multi‐segmented vehicles designed to provide greater mobility than conventional mobile robots. Serpentine robots are ideally suited for urban search and rescue, military intelligence gathering, and inspection tasks in hazardous or inaccessible environments. One such serpentine robot, developed at the University of Michigan, is the “OmniTread OT‐4.” The OT‐4 comprises seven segments, which are linked to each other by six joints. The OT‐4 can climb over obstacles that are much higher than the robot itself, propel itself inside pipes of different diameters, and traverse difficult terrain, such as rocks or the rubble of a collapsed structure. The foremost and unique design characteristic of the OT‐4 is the use of pneumatic bellows to actuate the joints. The pneumatic bellows allow the simultaneous control of position and stiffness for each joint. Controllable stiffness is important in serpentine robots, which require stiff joints to cross gaps and compliant joints to conform to rough terrain for effective propulsion. Another unique feature of the OmniTread design is the coverage of all four sides of each segment with drive tracks. This design makes the robot indifferent to rollovers, which are bound to happen when the slender bodies of serpentine robots travel over rugged terrain. This paper describes the OmniTread concept and some of its technical features in some detail. In the Experiment Results Section, photographs of successful obstacle traverses illustrate the abilities of the OT‐4. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decisional autonomy of planetary rovers
Authors: Ingrand Félix , Lacroix Simon , Lemai‐Chenevier Solange , Py Frederic 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo achieve the ever increasing demand for science return, planetary exploration rovers require more autonomy to successfully perform their missions. Indeed, the communication delays are such that teleoperation is unrealistic. Although the current rovers (such as MER) demonstrate a limited navigation autonomy, and mostly rely on ground mission planning, the next generation (e.g., NASA Mars Science Laboratory and ESA Exomars) will have to regularly achieve long range autonomous navigation tasks. However, fully autonomous long range navigation in partially known planetary‐like terrains is still an open challenge for robotics. Navigating hundreds of meters without any human intervention requires the robot to be able to build adequate representations of its environment, to plan and execute trajectories according to the kind of terrain traversed, to control its motions, and to localize itself as it moves. All these activities have to be planned, scheduled, and performed according to the rover context, and controlled so that the mission is correctly fulfilled. To achieve these objectives, we have developed a temporal planner and an execution controller, which exhibit plan repair and replanning capabilities. The planner is in charge of producing plans composed of actions for navigation, science activities (moving and operating instruments), communication with Earth and with an orbiter or a lander, while managing resources (power, memory, etc.) and respecting temporal constraints (communication visibility windows, rendezvous, etc.). High level actions also need to be refined and their execution temporally and logically controlled. Finally, in such critical applications, we believe it is important to deploy a component that protects the system against dangerous or even fatal situations resulting from unexpected interactions between subsystems (e.g., move the robot while the robot arm is unstowed) and/or software components (e.g., take and store a picture in a buffer while the previous one is still being processed). In this article we review the aforementioned capabilities, which have been developed, tested, and evaluated on board our rovers (Lama and Dala). After an overview of the architecture design principle adopted, we summarize the perception, localization, and motion generation functions required by autonomous navigation, and their integration and concurrent operation in a global architecture. We then detail the decisional components: a high level temporal planner that produces the robot activity plan on board, and temporal and procedural execution controllers. We show how some failures or execution delays are being taken care of with online local repair, or replanning. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metal Nitride Cluster Fullerenes: Their Current State and Future Prospects
Authors: Dunsch Lothar , Yang Shangfeng 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe world of endohedral fullerenes was significantly enlarged over the past seven years by the cluster fullerenes, which contain structures such as the M2C2 carbides and the M3N nitrides. While the carbide clusters are generated under the standard arc‐burning conditions according to stabilization conditions, the nitride cluster fullerenes (NCFs) are formed by varying the composition of the cooling gas atmosphere in the arc‐burning process. The special conditions for NCF synthesis is described in detail and the optimum conditions for the production of NCFs as the main product in fullerene syntheses are given. A general review of all NCFs reported to date consists of the structures, properties, and stability of the NCFs as well as the abundance of the NCFs in the fullerene soot. It is shown that all cages with even carbon atoms from C68 to C98 are available as endohedral nitride cluster structures (with the exception of C72, C74, and C76). Specifically, the NCFs form the largest number of structures that violate the isolated pentagon rule (IPR). Finally some practical applications of these cluster fullerenes are illustrated and an outlook is given, taking the superior stability of these endohedral fullerenes into account.
Detecting, categorizing and forecasting large ramps in wind farm power output using meteorological observations and WPPT
Authors: Cutler Nicholas , Kay Merlinde , Jacka Kieran , Nielsen Torben Skov 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Wind Power Prediction Tool (WPPT) has been installed in Australia for the first time, to forecast the power output from the 65MW Roaring 40s Renewable Energy P/L Woolnorth Bluff Point wind farm. This article analyses the general performance of WPPT as well as its performance during large ramps (swings) in power output. In addition to this, detected large ramps are studied in detail and categorized. WPPT combines wind speed and direction forecasts from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology regional numerical weather prediction model, MesoLAPS, with real‐time wind power observations to make hourly forecasts of the wind farm power output. The general performances of MesoLAPS and WPPT are evaluated over 1 year using the root mean square error (RMSE). The errors are significantly lower than for basic benchmark forecasts but higher than for many other WPPT installations, where the site conditions are not as complicated as Woolnorth Bluff Point. Large ramps are considered critical events for a wind power forecast for energy trading as well as managing power system security. A methodology is developed to detect large ramp events in the wind farm power data. Forty‐one large ramp events are detected over 1 year and these are categorized according to their predictability by MesoLAPS, the mechanical behaviour of the wind turbine, the power change observed on the grid and the source weather event. During these events, MesoLAPS and WPPT are found to give an RMSE only roughly equivalent to just predicting the mean (climatology forecast). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organoleptic and nutritional effects of phenolic compounds on oilseed protein products: A review
Authors: Sosulski F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn many new oilseed protein sources, phenolic compounds are as important as unsaturated lipids, carbonyl compounds, and nonenzymatic browning in the development of adverse flavors and colors in food products. The free phenolic acids are of particular concern because of enzymatic oxidation too‐quinones and subsequent binding to lysine and methionine in the proteins. Numerous free phenolic acids have been identified in all oilseed flours with syringic, ferulic and vanillic being the major components in cottonseed, peanut and soybean flours. Gossypol in cottonseed, chlorogenic acid in sunflower, and sinapine in rapeseed are microconstituent phenolics which cause unique problems in the utilization of these defatted flours and their protein isolates in food applications. The roles of bound phenolics and tannins in the binding of essential nutrients or altering chemical and functional properties require further investigation.
Response of jojoba seedlings to different photoperiods
Authors: Yermanos D. M. , Banigan T. F. , Verbiscar A. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLengthening the photoperiod under which jojoba seedlings are grown from 12 hours to continuous light increases the average number and length of stems, the number of leaves and the length of internodes and the dry weight of leaves, stems, and roots per plant. The simmondsin content of leaves increases but not that of roots.
Lipids in the germ, endosperm and pericarp of the developing maize kernel
Authors: Tan S. L. , Morrison W. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAcyl lipids were quantified in the germ, endosperm and pericarp of LG‐11 maize kernels at eight stages of development from 9 to 87 days after pollination (DAP). Changes in the lipids are discussed in relation to morphological events in the developing kernel. Storage lipids (triglyceride, steryl ester) and membrane lipids (diacylphospholipids) accumulated in germ until 52–76 DAP, then decreased slightly without formation of lipid degradation products, lated in endosperm until 36–42 DAP and then decreased. Maximum values for galactosyldiglycerides and diacylphospholipids (nonstarch lipids) were reached at 16–23 DAP, and all decreased to very low values at maturity. Loss of these functional (membrane) lipids during the period of endosperm cell filling is unexpected. Starch contained 82% of the lysophospholipids and 64% of the free fatty acids in endosperm at 76 DAP. Endosperm lysophospholipids increased until 76 DAP and then decreased slightly, while free fatty acids increased continuously mostly inside starch granules at all stages of development, and any possible decrease after 76 DAP was masked by acids formed by hydrolysis of aleurone and endosperm nonstarch lipids from 52 DAP. In DAP, and phospholipids decreased after 42 DAP. Loss of these lipids is associated with senescence of most pericarp tissue. Triglycerides and steryl esters accumulated steadily to maturity, while the main accumulation of unsaponifiables occurred after 52 DAP about the time of suberin formation.
Extreme—Pressure lubricant tests on jojoba and sperm whale oils
Authors: Miwa T. K. , Rothfus J. A. , Dimitroff E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLaboratory and simulated in‐use lubricant tests were performed on sulfurized jojoba oil and on reference sulfurized sperm whale oil. Data from these comprehensive tests indicated sulfurized jojoba oil prepared from heat‐treated filtered oil to be comparable or superior to sulfurized sperm whale oil as an extreme‐pressure additive for motor oils, gear lubricants, and automotive transmission fluids.
Selective hydrogenation with tris(triphenylphosphine) chlororhodium (I) catalyst: Preparation of octadecenoate isomers
Authors: Emken E. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFractionation of products obtained from partial catalytic hydrogenation of methylcis‐9,cis‐12‐octadecadienoate (9c,12c‐18:2) with tris(triphenylphosphine) chlororhodium [RhCl(Ph3P)3] provided a facile method for preparation of a nearly equal molar mixture of methylcis‐9‐ andcis‐12‐octadecenoate (9c‐18∶1 and 12c‐18∶1). Isolation of products was achieved by silver resin and C18 reverse phase liquid chromatography. Catalytic deuteration of 9c,12c‐18∶2 yields a mixture of 9c‐18∶1‐12,13‐d2 and 12c‐18∶1‐9,10‐d2 with an isotopic purity of 85%. Final isolated yield of the mixture of 9c‐ and 12c‐18∶1 products was 30%. Isolation of products from partial hydrogenation of conjugated octadecadienoates (9c,11t‐18∶2 or 10t,12c‐18∶2) provided a convenient method for synthesis of an almost equal molar mixture of methyltrans‐10 andtrans‐11‐octadecenoate (10t‐18∶1 and 11t‐18∶1). Characterization of the reaction products from hydrogenation of 9c,12c‐28∶2 indicates that the 9c‐ and 12c‐18∶1 products are formed by the expected 1,2‐hydride addition. The presence of small amounts of 10t‐ and 11t‐18∶1 and conjugated octadecadienoates was evidence for a secondary isomerization‐1,4‐hydride addition pathway. Isolation and characterization of products from RhCl(Ph3P)3‐catalyzed hydrogenation of 9c,11t‐18∶2 and 10t,12c‐18∶2 indicate that both 1,2‐ and 1,4‐hydride addition to the conjugated diene isomers occurs at about equal rates, but only thecis bond is reduced by the 1,2‐hydride addition pathway and the 1,4‐hydride addition pathway yields only atrans‐18∶1. Because of this unusual selectivity for acis bond conjugated with atrans bond, hydrogenation of both 9c,11t‐18∶2 and 10t,12c‐18∶2 yields the same mixture of t‐18∶1 isomers.
Determination of chlorophyll in ground rapeseed using a modified near infrared reflectance spectrophotometer
Authors: Tkachuk R. , Mellish V. J. , Daun J. K. , Macri L. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA rapid and accurate method has been developed for the analysis of chlorophyll in ground rapeseed using a modified near infrared filter instrument. Ground rapeseed was scanned with a Cary 17 spectrophotometer, and optimal wavelengths for chlorophyll prediction (674, 696 nm) were selected from the visible wavelength region by multiple linear regression analysis. Six Dickey‐john Instalab 600's were modified to analyze chlorophyll in ground rapeseed by replacing two standard near infrared filters with two filters having central wavelengths of 674 and 696 nm. Calibration equations incorporating data from three wavelengths (674, 696 and 2100 nm) had an average multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.980 and standard error of estimate (SEE) of 3.1 ppm. Instrument prediction of chlorophyll agreed well with reference solvent extraction analyses (standard error of prediction, SEP=3.0 ppm). A universal calibration equation developed for the determination of chlorophyll in ground rapeseed was tested with several modified instruments and performed well.