bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial characterization of the putative rat interleukin 2 receptor
Authors: Osawa Hisao , Diamantstein Tibor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractT lymphoblasts of rat origin were (a) surface labeled with 125I and (b) internally labeled with 3H‐marked sugars. Cell lysates were purified by immunoabsorption using the putative anti‐rat interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor monoclonal antibody ART18. The purified material was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis. Two specific membrane components were detected: a 50‐kDa major and a 36‐kDa minor component in reducing and a 45‐kDA major and a 72‐kDa minor component in nonreducing conditions, respectively. Both components were found to be susceptible to trypsinization and to neuraminidase treatment. 3H‐labeled sugars were incorporated into the major component. The results indicate that the rat IL 2 receptor is either a 50‐kDa glycoprotein or a 36‐kDa molecule, or that both components are part of the receptor molecule.
Immunodominant protein epitopes II. The primary antibody response to hen egg white lysozyme requires and focuses upon a unique N‐terminal epitope
Authors: Wicker Linda S. , Benjamin Christopher D. , Miller Alexander , Sercarz Eli E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antibody response to a defined protein antigen, hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) has been investigated using an aminopeptidase‐treated HEL molecule, des‐1,2,3‐HEL (AP‐HEL). Surprisingly, removal of these three N‐terminal residues eliminates an epitope which is a dominant B cell determinant recognized in the primary antibody response to HEL. Thus, the initial antibody response focuses on a very small region of the molecule. Even more striking is the observation that removal of this epitope markedly reduces the immunogenicity of HEL. Therefore, the epitope is not only the focus of the primary antibody response, but is essential for the initiation of the response. This report demonstrates that a selective mechanism must be activated during the response to this protein antigen. Of the multitude of B cell determinants present on HEL, only a limited number are focused upon by the immune system.
Anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies IV. Cross‐reaction of anti‐idiotypic antibodies specific for rabbit and murine anti‐a1 allotype antibodies with Fc fragment of human immunoglobulins
Authors: Bona Constantin A. , Goldberg Burt , Metzger Dennis , Urbain Jacques , Kunkel Henry G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnti‐idiotype (Id) antibodies against anti‐a1 rabbit allotype antibodies were produced in rabbits and mice by immunization with polyclonal rabbit anti‐a1 allotype or with a monoclonal murine anti‐a1 allotype antibody, respectively. These antibodies recognize an interspecies cross‐reactive idiotope on anti‐a1 allotype antibodies. However, these anti‐Id antibodies also react with various subclasses of human IgG. In multiple systems, it was shown that these anti‐Id antibodies interact with the Fc fragment of human IgG and, therefore, exhibit a rheumatoid factor‐like activity. These results support the hypothesis that γ‐globulin may not be the only stimulus to clones producing rheumatoid factors and that perhaps other antibodies, especially anti‐Id antibodies, also bind γ‐globulin secondarily.
Autoimmunity following viral infection: demonstration of monoclonal antibodies against normal tissue following infection of mice with reovirus and demonstration of shared antigenicity between virus and lymphocytes
Authors: Tardieu Marc , Powers M. Linda , Hafler David A. , Hauser Stephen L. , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSplenic lymphocytes from adult C57BL/6 mice infected with purified reovirus type 1 or 3 particles were fused with NS1 myeloma cells. Approximately 300 clones were obtained from each fusion (type 1 or type 3) and the supernatants from these clones were screened by radioimmunoassay for their ability to bind virus, T lymphocytes, brain, liver, lung tissues and isolated oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. Approximately 10% of clones (33 and 26 clones, respectively) were positive for each fusion. For reovirus type 1: 21% of positive clones bound only virus, 64% bound one of the normal tissues but not virus, and 15% bound both virus and one or more of the normal tissues. For reovirus type 3: 19% of positive clones bound only virus, 73% bound normal tissue only, and 8% bound both virus and normal tissue. Only 3 positive clones were obtained from uninfected control animals. These experiments demonstrate that (a) during the course of an immune response to a virus, autoantibodies are generated which react with a large variety of normal tissues and that (b) there are shared antigenic structures between viral determinants and normal tissue that can be identified by monoclonal antibodies. Although these results suggest two mechanisms by which an autoimmune response may develop following viral infection, the biological significance of these autoreactive monoclonal antibodies remains to be elucidated.
Immune response against the T‐independent antigen α(1→3)dextran II. Occurrence of Bγ memory cells in the course of immunization with the native polysaccharide is T cell dependent
Authors: Schuler Walter , Schuler Amelie , Kölsch Eckehart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immune response of BALB/c mice against the bacterial antigen dextran B1355S [α(1 → 3)dextran] (Dex), a class 2 T cell‐independent antigen, is largely restricted to IgM class antibody production. However, despite the fact that Dex fails to give rise to enhanced IgG responses upon repeated immunization, the development of Dex‐specific Bγ memory cells, i.e. resting B cells committed to the production of specific IgG antibodies, is observed upon immunization with Dex. These Bγ memory cells, albeit not activated to IgG production in situ, can be activated upon adoptive transfer into irradiated congenic BALB.Ighb mice. This mouse strain is a nonresponder strain to Dex. The expression of adoptively transferred Dex‐specific Bγ memory cells is T cell‐independent as T cell depletion of spleen prior to cell transfer into BALB.Ighb recipients does not abolish the IgG response. Dex‐primed athymic BALB/c nude mice, in contrast to euthymic mice, give a pronounced primary IgG response but do not develop Dex‐specific Bγ memory cells. Yet, they do so when reconstituted with syngenic T cells prior to immunization. This indicates that the formation of Dex‐specific Bγ memory cells requires the presence of functional T cells. The pronounced primary IgG anti‐Dex response of nude mice is greatly impaired by T cell reconstitution. Thus, with regard to T cell dependence, there is an inverse relationship between the formation of Bγ memory cells and the capacity to produce IgG anti‐Dex. Dex‐specific Bγ memory cells from BALB/c mice are expressed in congenic BALB.Ighb recipients (nonresponder to Dex) but not when transferred into identically treated syngenic hosts. This also applies to memory cells from Dex‐primed female (CBA/N × BALB/c)F1 [NBF1] or from (BALB/c × CBA/N)F1 hybrids. Dex‐specific Bγ memory cells from these donors are demonstrable upon adoptive transfer into BALB.Ighb mice, but they are not expressed when transferred into syngenic recipients, including male NBF1 hybrids. NBF1 males, albeit possessing the VH‐Dex+ allele, do not mount humoral responses to Dex, a deficiency which is ascribed to an X chromosome‐linked B cell defect. The apparent absence of Dex‐specific antibodies in NBF1 males provides an opportunity to examine whether Bγ memory cell expression is inhibited in syngenic recipients by anti‐Dex or autologous anti‐idiotype antibodies. The observed nonpermissiveness of NBF1 males for transferred Bγ memory cells excludes this possibility but rather suggests a cellular suppressor mechanism acting upon Dex‐specific Bγ cells.From our results we conclude that the T cell‐independent terminal differentiation of Dex‐specific Bγ cells into IgG‐secreting plasma cells is blocked in euthymic BALB/c mice by a T cell‐mediated suppressor mechanism. This suppression allows the accumulation of Dex‐specific Bγ memory cells.
Characterization of human granular lymphocyte subpopulations expressing HNK‐1 (Leu‐7) and Leu‐11 antigens in the blood and lymphoid tissues from fetuses, neonates and adults
Authors: Abo Toru , Miller Charles A. , Balch Charles M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree subpopulations of human granular lymphocytes from blood and lymphoid tissues were characterized using combinations of the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) HNK‐1 (Leu‐7), Leu‐11 and VEP13. Each subpopulation was confirmed to possess natural killer (NK) cell functional capability, but a different level of cytotoxic efficiency (HNK‐1+Leu‐11− HNK‐1+Leu‐11+ < HNK‐1+Leu‐11+). In adult from 23 healthy donors, the subpopulations with HNK‐1+Leu‐11−, HNK‐1+Leu‐11+ and HNK‐1+Leu‐11+ phenotypes comprised 4.7 ± 3.0, 8.0 ± 6.4 and 3.9 ± 3.5% of mono‐nuclear cells, respectively. Despite their distinct surface marker phenotypes and NK functional ability, all 3 subpopulations exhibited granular lymphocyte morphology. One of these subpopulations, HNK‐1+Leu‐11−, also expressed the pan‐T cell antigen Leu‐4. Different patterns were observed in fetal bone marrow and cord blood, where the vast majority of HNK‐1+ cells lacked the Leu‐11 antigen (HNK‐1+ Leu‐11− cells). The HNK‐1 antigen was not expressed on granulocytes and their precursors, whereas both Leu‐11 and VEP13 antigens were expressed on these myeloid cells from fetal bone marrow and cord blood as well as adult bone marrow and spleen. Cell lines of granular lymphocytes cultured in the presence of interleukin 2 all possessed the HNK‐1+Leu‐4+ phenotype and NK functional capability but lacked the Leu‐11 and VEP13 antigens on their surface after 15 days of culture. Although granular lymphocytes expressing the Fc receptors reacting with the mAb Leu‐11 and VEP13, are the most functionally active NK cells, the HNK‐1+ subpopulation lacking the Leu‐11 and VEP13 antigens appears to be an important population (possibly an immature form of granular lymphocytes) for delineating the cell lineage(s) and differentiation of human granular lymphocytes. Although none of the currently available mAb react both inclusively and exclusively with human granular lymphocytes, the combination usage of these antibodies permits a more precise and comprehensive analysis of these subsets.
Cellular expression of idiotopes defined by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Bast Bert J. E. G. , Cooper Max D. , Kearney John F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoclonal anti‐idiotype (Id) antibodies with specificities for determinants related to the antigen‐binding sites of 3 BALB/c myeloma proteins, MOPC‐460, HOPC‐8 and J558, were used to study Id expression on murine lymphocytes. The monoclonal antibodies were shown to react only with Id structures associated with immunoglobulin on B cells. None of these 3 Id nor a VH Id, detected by a monoclonal antibody made against HOPC‐8 heavy chain, were found on T cells. These Id were detected on splenic B cells in neonatal mice; the frequencies in normal, nude and germ‐free mice were similar: MOPC‐460 Id+: 1.05 ± 1.7/104 spleen cells, HOPC‐8 Id+: 1.45 ± 1.2/104 and J558: 0.35 ± 0.6/104. Almost all Id+ cells bore surface IgM, a few expressed surface IgG. MOPC‐460 Id+ IgG+ cells were mainly γ2a+ or γ2b+, whereas J558 and HOPC‐8 Id+ IgG+ cells were γ3+.
In vivo regulation of the cytolytic T cell response to hapten‐altered self: suppressor T cells induced in the regional lymph nodes by exposure to syngeneic spleen cells
Authors: Wong Henry L. , Battisto Jack R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the course of examining the in vivo development of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to hapten‐modified self antigens in mice, we have observed that it can be abrogated through prior exposure of the host's regional lymph nodes (LN) to normal syngeneic spleen cells (NSC). Suppression appeared to be antigen nonspecific and was best seen when animals were injected in the footpads with NSC at least 72 h before sensitization for CTL. The ability to prevent the development of the CTL response was restricted primarily to syngeneic splenic T and B cells since syngeneic thymocytes stimulated only partial suppression and syngeneic LN cells, as well as hapten‐coupled syngeneic spleen cells, did not at all. Suppression appeared to be a local phenomenon in that the NSC induced transferrable suppressor T cells to appear in the popliteal LN draining the footpads but not in spleens. In addition, animals splenectomized prior to injections of NSC showed abrogated CTL responses equivalent to sham‐splenectomized animals indicating that the spleen does not contribute to the mechanism of suppression. Finally, when only one footpad was injected with NSC, suppression was seen in the draining popliteal node and not in the contralateral node. Taken together, the evidence suggests that the source of the suppression and the suppressor T cells may be attributed to an in vivo syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction occurring between responder cells of the draining LN and injected stimulator spleen cells.
In vivo blockage of B cell maturation by splenic T cells of total lymphoid irradiated mice
Authors: Zan‐Bar Israel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) on the induction of cells blocking in vivo B cell maturation was examined. (BALB/c × C57BL/6)F1 mice received 200 rds lymphoid irradiation daily for 8 days. One month after termination of the irradiation splenic T cells of TLI‐treated mice were transferred, together with normal bone marrow cells, to lethally irradiated hosts. In addition, splenic cells or splenic B cells of TLI mice were transferred to irradiated hosts. Two months later, we checked the reconstituted mice for their ability to produce in vivo anti‐trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐Ficoll antibodies and their capacity to respond in vitro to dextran sulfate and lipopolysaccharide. In parallel, stained spleen cells were analyzed on the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter using monoclonal anti‐μ, anti‐λ and anti‐B220 surface marker antibodies.The results indicate that splenic T cells originating from TLI‐treated mice cause maturation arrest of normal and TLI‐treated B cells, since normal bone marrow cells injected together with those cells have immature phenotypic and functional features. In addition, neither splenic cells nor splenic B cells of TLI‐treated mice can mature upon transfer to normal irradiated hosts. The B cells are IgM+, IgD−; they respond with a high proliferation rate to dextran sulfate and low proliferation rate to lipopolysaccharide, and poorly to TNP‐Ficoll challenge.
Suppression of the cytotoxic T cell response to minor alloantigens in vivo II. Fine specificity of suppressor T cells and lack of restriction by immunoglobulin heavy chain‐linked gene products
Authors: Gascoigne Nicholas R. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhile it has been widely reported that some subsets of suppressor T cells are restricted by products of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (particularly the variable region genes), we have been unable to find evidence for such interactions in the suppression of the primary in vivo cytotoxic T cell response to minor alloantigens. We have also examined the repertoire of the suppressor T cells active in this system and find that they recognize a different set of antigens from cytotoxic T cells, out of the same available pool of minor antigens.
Unusually restricted anti‐isotype human immune response to OKT3 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Baudrihaye Marc‐Francois , Chatenoud Lucienne , Kreis Henry , Goldstein Gideon , Bach Jean‐Francois 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe unusual anti‐mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) sensitization of a renal allograft recipient who was treated prophylactically with the anti‐T cell monoclonal antibody OKT3 (IgG2a) is reported. Whereas in most patients, the injection of OKT3 (5 mg/day, i.v. for 13 days) induces the rapid appearance of neutralizing anti‐OKT3 antibodies, the patient reported here did not show the signs of conventional anti‐OKT3 sensitization. High levels of circulating OKT3 persisted and no OKT3+ lymphocytes reappeared during the whole treatment period. Moreover, no IgG or IgM anti‐OKT3 antibodies were detected at any time, using a specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. However, an atypical anti‐isotype response was evidenced in this subject whose Ig were shown by indirect fluorescence to bind to normal T cells coated with OKT3 or with other anti‐T cell murine monoclonal antibodies carrying the IgG2a isotype (no reactivity was observed with IgG1 or IgG2b molecules). The patient's Ig did not bind to normal T cells coated with F(ab')2 fragments of OKT3 and did not inhibit the binding of OKT3 to its target antigen indicating that they reacted with the Fc fragment of the OKT3 molecule. Additionally, and probably explained by this unusual anti‐OKT3 response, the patient's Ig were shown to inhibit the phytohemagglutinin‐induced proliferation of normal lymphocytes, to bind under selected in vitro conditions to normal T cells and lastly to enhance the antigenic modulation induced in vitro by OKT3 on its membrane receptor.
Antigen‐specific proliferative human T cell clones with specificity for diphtheria toxoid: genetic and molecular restriction by class II antigens
Authors: Triebel Frédéric , Missenard‐Leblond Véronique , Autran Brigitte , Couty Marie‐Claude , Charron Dominique , Debré Patrice 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman T lymphocyte clones (TLC) specific for diphtheria toxoid (DT) were isolated from a DR6/7 individual by cloning in soft agar in vivo sensitized T lymphocytes. We report here the isolation and characterization of 3 of these clones by studying: (a) the kinetic of activation, (b) the surface phenotypes, (c) the fine specificity for one of the 2 DT chains and (d) the genetic restriction of the proliferative response by the haplotype DR7.Moreover, blocking studies of the proliferative response to DT by various immunochemically characterized anti‐HLA‐DR monoclonal antibodies indicate that, on the DR7 molecule, more than one Ia determinant may participate in the clonal DT proliferative response. By using human TLC of a defined specificity and well‐characterized anti‐DR monoclonal antibodies, such studies may help to define the functional repertoire of Ia molecules in man.
The E receptor regulates interferon‐gamma production: four‐receptor model for human lymphocyte activation
Authors: Wilkinson Miles , Morris Alan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe E receptor (binds sheep erythrocytes) is found on virtually all human T cells. Here we show that a monoclonal antibody 9.6, which recognizes and binds the E receptor, inhibited interferon‐γ production by human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes induced with the mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, Staphylococcal enterotoxin A and the monoclonal antibody OKT3. Metabolic activation (RNA and DNA synthesis) in human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in response to mitogens was also sharply inhibited by 9.6. This inhibitory effect occurred early during the induction phase since 9.6 had much diminished inhibitory effects when added 15‐24 h after induction; peak IFN‐γ production and DNA synthesis occurred 3‐4 days post induction. An early event inhibited by 9.6 appeared to be interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor formation since: (a) the ability of mitogen‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to absorb IL2 was inhibited by 9.6, and (b) lines of T lymphocytes which already expressed IL2 receptors were largely resistant to the inhibitory effects of 9.6 on IFN‐γ production and DNA synthesis. The tumor promoters 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl phorbol‐13‐acetate and teleocidin largely reversed the inhibition by 9.6 of IFN‐γ production and metabolic activation induced by mitogens. A model for the control of IFN‐γ induction involving four receptors, those for mitogens, tumor promoter, IL2 and erythrocyte, is proposed.
Monoclonal antibodies to polymorphic epitopes on Ia antigens: three independent groups of determinants expressed on DRw6 homozygous cells
Authors: Johnson Judith P. , Wank Rudolf 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMurine monoclonal antibodies directed against polymorphic epitopes on HLA‐linked antigens were readily obtained following a single immunization with DRw6‐homozygous cells. Five antibodies directed against class II antigens were isolated. Two precipitated DC‐like molecules and 3 DR‐like molecules from the immunizing lymphoblastoid cell line. Analysis of association with HLA‐DR antigens in a panel of 60 individuals revealed 2 antibodies directed against the DC1 specificity (S1, R1) and one against the MT2 specificity (R3). Antibodies S2 and S3 showed significant association with DRw6 (χ2 = 30.27) and DRw6 and w8 (χ2 = 18.86), respectively. An analysis of 29 haplotypes indicated that epitopes defined by these monoclonal antibodies appear to identify polymorphic determinants on three independent gene products which can be encoded by a single HLA haplotype.
A Mott cell hybridoma
Authors: Weiss Siegfried , Burrows Peter D. , Meyer Jutta , Wabl Matthias R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA hybridoma is described that exhibits all the characteristic features of Mott cells. It has spherules (Russell bodies) in the cytoplasm made up of dilated rough endoplasmatic reticulum and containing condensed immunoglobulin (λ1 light chains). Some of the cells appear to be very fragile, and free spherules are often found on cell smears. Cells with the Mott cell characteristics are still able to divide, but they do not secrete immunoglobulin. Hybridomas of this kind should be useful for determining the place of the Mott cell within the scheme of B cell differentiation.
Sympathetic innervation of fetal mouse thymus
Authors: Singh Upendra 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the presence of sympathetic nerve fibers in the developing thymus. Thymic rudiments from 13 days of gestation up to birth and adult thymuses were examined by histofluorescence microscopy to detect the presence of these nerve fibers during ontogeny. Sympathetic nerve fibers were first visible around day 17 of gestation and increased in density and distribution by the time of birth and in the adult thymus. The appearance of immunoreactive cells about the same time as the presence of nerve fibers in the thymic rudiments has been discussed in light of a regulatory role for the sympathetic neuronal input on the maturation of thymocytes during ontogeny.