bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les villes-havres africaines créoles atlantiques avant la colonisation : un essai de définition
Authors: Saupin Guy 
Published: April 2024

En Afrique, pendant quatre siècles (1450-1870), l’essor du commerce atlantique a transformé des villages de pêcheurs en places commerciales. La recherche historique les désigne le plus souvent comme « ports d’esclaves » du point de vue de l’histoire maritime ou « villes-forts » sous l’angle de l’histoire urbaine. L’analyse des diverses dimensions du trafic et des acteurs soutenant le développement urbain, des réalités du service portuaire alliant navires et pirogues, plage ou rive et diversité du magasinage urbain, intense travail humain et rareté d’équipements tardifs, et des interrelations entre fonctions portuaires et urbaines à travers les pôles d’urbanisation de la créolisation inégale de la société, conduit à préférer le concept de ville-havre africaine créole atlantique.
Eau et industrie : quelles pistes pour améliorer la gestion de l’eau par l’industrie en France ?
Authors: Legrand Domitille 
Published: April 2024

Comment dépasser le clivage entre la préservation de la qualité et de la disponibilité de la ressource en eau, et la (ré)industrialisation ? Des pistes peuvent être envisagées au niveau d’un territoire industriel. En construisant une collaboration étroite publique privée à cette échelle, les acteurs du développement économique peuvent construire une vision écosystémique de la gestion de l’eau industrielle et renforcer leur solidarité dans la gestion de cette ressource essentielle aux activités industrielles.
L’écu : prouesse, lâcheté et parodie de l’absence. Autour du manuscrit Bodley 264
Authors: Apostu Andreea 
Published: April 2024

La richesse des marginalia qui accompagnent le texte du Roman d’Alexandre dans le ms. Bodley 264 démontre « la possible réversibilité du centre et des marges », pour reprendre les mots d’I. Fabry-Tehranchi. Cet article analyse le traitement de l’écu et des armoiries dont il est le porteur dans ces drôleries qui entrent en concurrence avec l’iconographie centrale du manuscrit, mettant en scène l’épanouissement du monde seigneurial au xiv e siècle. On rencontre, d’une part, une profusion de blasons imaginaires connotés positivement ou négativement, mais aussi un registre parodique qui utilise soit l’écu sans dispositif héraldique soit l’écu anthropomorphe, dont les significations s’apparentent à celles rencontrées dans le topos du combat entre le chevalier et le limaçon, récurrent à l’époque. Miroir de l’identité seigneuriale, le blason est exempt, dans le Bodley 264, de la dérision qui, même si les représentations liminaires magnifient et concordent avec l’iconographie centrale, continue, par moments, à les accompagner.
Quelle place pour la tolérance ecclésiastique dans la doctrine lockienne ?
Authors: Soccard Sophie 
Published: April 2024

L’originalité théorique de la position de John Locke concernant sa doctrine de la tolérance conduit le philosophe d’une part à soulever le droit à exister pour des « Églises particulières » et d’autre part à ériger le processus de conviction au-dessus du contenu intrinsèque de toute croyance. Dans le raisonnement du philosophe, l’Église n’est jamais rendue superflue, car seule la pratique cultuelle démontre la sincérité de toute démarche spirituelle. En revanche, il réfute les postulats de l’autorité cléricale sur la vérité en matière de foi puisque Dieu n’aurait prescrit aucun modèle. Pourtant, la tension entre foi et connaissance se trouve amoindrie par la démonstration lockienne selon laquelle les consciences, bien que et parce que faibles, ne doivent jamais être violentées.
Les Réflexions de l’abbé Baudrand : la dénonciation du tolérantisme
Authors: Vignoles Pierre-Henri 
Published: April 2024

Barthélemy Baudrand (1701 – 1787) est un théologien et écrivain jésuite. Un ouvrage est souvent cité et associé à l’abbé : les Réflexions sur le tolérantisme qui est en réalité un extrait de L’Âme affermie dans la foi. Dans cette partie de l’ouvrage qui a été diffusée séparément, l’abbé s’oppose, comme le reste de l’apologétique catholique, à l’émergence d’un « système du tolérantisme », c’est-à-dire d’une tolérance excessive, civile et ecclésiastique, qui rassemble les « ennemis de Dieu » et qui tend vers l’indifférence destructrice de la religion chrétienne. À l’inverse, cela le mène à réhabiliter une certaine intolérance religieuse et ecclésiastique.
Case Characterization and Perceptions of Athletic Trainers Regarding Medical Disqualification Following Concussion
Authors: Weber Rawlins Michelle L. , Valovich McLeod Tamara C. , Detwiler Kimberly , Schmidt Julianne D. 
Published: April 2024

Context
Medical disqualification (MDQ) following concussion is a challenging decision clinicians may encounter with little evidence-based guidance.

Objective
To (1) describe the MDQ following concussion cases athletic trainers (ATs) have been involved in, (2) describe beliefs about MDQ following concussion, and (3) explore factors that ATs believed should be involved in the MDQ following concussion process.

Design
Mixed methods.

Setting
Online cross-sectional survey with follow-up semistructured interviews.

Patients or Other Participants
Athletic trainers (n = 502) employed at the collegiate setting completed a survey (completion rate = 82.3%, n = 413/502; men = 175, 34.9%; women = 235, 46.8%, prefer not to answer = 4, 0.8%; no response = 88, 17.5%; age = 35.3 ± 10.8 years). Twenty participants were also interviewed (men = 13, 65.0%; women = 7, 35.0%; average age = 40.7 ± 11.0 years).

Data Collection and Analysis
Participants completed a cross-sectional survey comprised of 3 sections of MDQ experience and specific case information, MDQ beliefs, and demographic items. We also interviewed participants who completed the survey and indicated involvement in at least 1 MDQ following a concussion case. We addressed aims 1 and 2 using descriptive statistics and aim 3 with a 5-cycle content analysis.

Results
Nearly half of respondents had been involved in an MDQ case following concussion (49.0%, n = 246; not involved = 51.0%, n = 256). Athletic trainers who had been involved in at least 1 MDQ case were involved in an average of 2.3 ± 1.9 cases (n = 241). Participants often described many factors that they believed should influence the MDQ decision, including sport type, concussion history and recovery, health-related quality of life, and academic performance.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight that nearly half of participants were involved in an MDQ case following concussion and navigated this process without guidelines. Given this, multiple factors were considered to evaluate the patient’s well-being holistically. The number of ATs involved in MDQ cases following concussion and factors that guided this process warrant further research to develop evidence-based recommendations that assist clinicians in these difficult decisions.
Exertional Heatstroke Survivors’ Knowledge and Beliefs About Exertional Heatstroke Diagnosis, Treatment, and Return to Play
Authors: Miller Kevin C. , Amaria Noshir Y. , Casa Douglas J. , Jardine John F. , Stearns Rebecca L. , O’Connor Paul , Scarneo-Miller Samantha E. 
Published: April 2024

Context
Little information exists regarding what exertional heatstroke (EHS) survivors know and believe about EHS best practices. Understanding this would help clinicians focus educational efforts to ensure survival and safe return-to-play following EHS.

Objective
We sought to better understand what EHS survivors knew about EHS seriousness (eg, lethality and short- and long-term effects), diagnosis and treatment procedures, and recovery.

Design
Multiyear cross-sectional descriptive design.

Setting
An 11.3-km road race located in the Northeastern United States in August 2022 and 2023.

Patients or Other Participants
Forty-two of 62 runners with EHS (15 women and 27 men; age = 33 ± 15 years; pretreatment rectal temperature [TREC] = 41.5°C ± 0.9°C).

Interventions
Medical professionals evaluated runners requiring medical attention at the finish line. If they observed a TREC of ≥40°C with concomitant central nervous system dysfunction, EHS was diagnosed, and patients were immersed in a 189.3-L tub filled with ice water. Before medical discharge, we asked EHS survivors 15 questions about their experience and knowledge of select EHS best practices. Survey items were piloted and validated by experts and laypersons a priori (content validity index of ≥0.88 for items and scale).

Main Outcome Measures
Survey responses.

Results
Sixty-seven percent (28/42) of patients identified EHS as potentially fatal, and 76% (32/42) indicated that it negatively affected health. Seventy-nine percent (33/42) correctly identified TREC as the best temperature site to diagnose EHS. Most patients (74%, 31/42) anticipated returning to normal exercise within 1 week after EHS; 69% (29/42) stated that EHS would not impact future race participation. Patients (69%, 29/42) indicated that it was important to tell their primary care physician about their EHS.

Conclusions
Our patients were knowledgeable on the potential seriousness and adverse health effects of EHS and the necessity of TREC for diagnosis. However, educational efforts should be directed toward helping patients understand safe recovery and return-to-play timelines following EHS.
Variation in origin and course of brachial artery among black African population: Cadaveric study in Western Kenya
Authors: Ayonga Oyale Warren , Oyieko Willis , Kosiyo Paul , Marera Domnic 
Published: April 2024

Background: Brachial artery (BA) is the main arterial supply to upper limb, it’s a direct continuation of axillary artery at the lower border of teres major and gives of profunda brachii which is the largest branch, superior ulnar collateral artery, inferior ulnar collateral artery, nutrient artery and muscular branches. BA presents with a lot of anatomical variants as reported by several authors though there is paucity of data on this variant anatomy among black African population. The current study evaluated variation in origin and course of brachial artery among black African population.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in three universities, in western Kenya due to their well-established functional Human Anatomy laboratory used by medical students. The study involved 77 cadavers (n=154 upper limbs) of 39 males and 38 females obtained through stratified sampling technique. Data collected was collated in excel sheet and analyzed using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Descriptive statistics was used to assess frequency distribution of variant origin while Chi square was used to determine difference in proportion of normal origin and cumulative variation of BA regards with to laterality of the upper limb. Brachium region was exposed to access the brachial artery where origin and its course was assessed.
Results: Out of 154 upper limbs examined 3.8% had variation in origin of brachial artery, 2.6% showed superficial origin and superficial course of brachial artery terminating into its terminal branches. However, this variation was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: There were variations in origin of brachial artery among black African population, these variations were more on the right upper limb than the left upper limb, though not statistically significant but clinically significant, hence health care professionals, anatomists and medical students should be made aware of such variants when performing invasive procedures to avoid complications, misdiagnosis and any medical errors that might occur as a result of such variants. Understanding existence of such variants leads to good patient care and outcome after surgical and radiological procedures thus reducing misdiagnosis and mismanagement of patients.
Molecular Profile, Fuel Properties, Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Gasoline-Like Fuel Produced Via Cracking of Used Engine Oil Using Na-Fe3O4/HZSM-5 Catalyst
Authors: Sahabi Yaquba M. , Sokoto Abdullahi M. , Mohammed Misbahu L. , Mohamed Abdul Rahman 
Published: April 2024

A vast quantity of used engine oil (UEO) is generated every day and poses a major disposal issue in modern society due to the heavy metals and other hazardous contaminants present in it. Due to its high carbon content, UEO has great potential to be utilized as a feedstock for fuel production. The studies on the molecular profile, fuel properties, engine characteristics of gasoline-like fuel produced via cracking of UEO were conducted. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized via the one-spot method using iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) and iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) as precursors, while the HZSM-5 was synthesized using Al2(SO4)3.18H2O and Na2SiO3 as sources of alumina and silica, respectively. The UEO was cracked in a fixed stainless-steel batch reactor for 1h at varying temperature (350 – 450 ⁰C). The liquid fuel product obtained was analysed for its molecular composition using GC-MS and FTIR, while ASTM standard procedure was used to determine the fuel properties. The results showed that the catalyst is 97.60% selective for gasoline range hydrocarbons, which could be attributed to the high surface area of HZSM-5, which offers more active sites for catalytic cracking. The fuel properties of the produced liquid fuel determined include specific gravity (0.76), kinematic viscosity (1.69 mm2 /Sec), flash point (-42°C), auto ignition temperature (225°C), carbon residue (0.12%), lower heating value (40,443 KJ/kg), and octane number (94). The engine characteristics results of the liquid fuel were comparable to those of commercially available gasoline. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the fuel obtained could be used directly in spark-ignition engines without any negative impact on engine performance.
Measuring the efficiency of health services financing in Algeria using the data envelopment analysis method (DEA) an applied study of a sample of hospital institutions in the Algerian East (2019-2020)
Authors: Rezgui Nour El Houda , Khellassi Abdelilah 
Published: April 2024

The study aims to show an important aspect related to the health economy in Algeria, which is a close examination of the reality of financing health services and its efficiency by measuring the efficiency of financial resources for a sample of hospital institutions, which included three states in the Algerian East during the two years 2019 - 2020. By using a program of data envelopment analysis method (DEA), and also the use of IBM SPSS Statistics.22, and the adoption of three variables representing funding amounts in sample hospitals and expressing the inputs of the model, and two variables representing health and united health activities at the level of all sample hospitals expressing the outputs of the model, it turns out that efficiency is negatively affected by the surplus sums of money, as the greater the volume of financing is, the greater waste is and thus, the efficiency goes down, and that raising the financial resources does not inevitably raise the level of health activities practiced, and in the case of raising the unpredictable financing, as in the case of the health crisis, the spread of covid-19 virus, only small hospitals maintain their efficiency.
Effects of powdered Monosodium Glutamate (MGS) on growth performance, feed digestibility, haematology and carcass characteristics of Weaner rabbits in northern Ghana
Authors: Nagbila D.A. , Cudjoe S. , Ansah T. 
Published: April 2024

The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary monosodium glutamate (MSG) on feed digestibility, haematological parameters and carcass characteristics of weaner rabbits. Sixteen (16) New Zealand White rabbits with an average initial weight of 612.5±9.1 g were randomly assigned to 4 treatment diets in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates in each group. The control diet (T0) contained 0 g of MSG/kg of feed whilst the treatment diets, T1, T2 and T3 contained 0.2 g, 0.4 g and 0.6 g of MSG/kg of feed respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 46 days, feed intake and apparent nutrient digestibility were not affected by the MSG. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the treatment diets for weight gain, average daily weight gain and final weight gain. The final weight gain for the control diet was 999 g whilst MSG included diets ranging from 982 g to 1023 g. The addition of MSG to the diets did not increase feed intake, and had no negative effect on haematological parameters, weight gain and carcass characteristics.
Determination of most suitable methodology for measuring docility in guinea fowls (<i>Numida meleagris</i>) in Ghana
Authors: Dramani W. , Husein S.M.A. , Birteeb P.T. 
Published: April 2024

The aim of this research was to study the effect and most suitable methodology in measuring docility of Guinea fowls in Ghana. The study was carried out at the Poultry Section of the Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Mampong- Ashanti campus in Ghana. Docility was measured on a 4-point scale as docile (1), flighty (2), restless (3) and aggressive (4). Seventy-nine (79) Guinea fowls of local varieties of average age 10 months were consecutively tested for docility twice a week for four weeks. The birds were tested for behavioural docility in a Completely Randomised Design experiment. Data were analysed using SAS and separation of means was done using LSD. The research revealed that the test criterion had significant (p<0.05) effect on docility. Based on this observation, each individual criterion was unique and can be used independently for the assessment of docility status of the birds. The Human Presence Test (HPT), Novel Object Test (NOT), Contact Test (CT), and Handling Test (HT) produced consistent docility. The HPT, NOT and CT were similar in effect. The method that produced the greatest impact on the birds was HT and hence not suitable for assessing docility of birds. If the test methods are to be used individually, HPT, NOT and CT will be ideal. The most suitable pair of methods that assesses the underlying docility trait very effectively was HPT with NOT and is therefore recommended as the best suitable pair for cage docility scoring. The research revealed that the test criterion of docility (method of assessment) has to be chosen carefully to be used to assess or measure docility of birds.
Polymorphism of selected candidate genes in Ghanaian sheep breeds
Authors: Bekoe E.S. , Kayang B.B. , Adenyo C. 
Published: April 2024

Polymorphisms of candidate genes BMP15 and GDF9, GH and CAST that influence fecundity, growth, and carcass traits, respectively, were studied in two Ghanaian sheep breeds to determine whether these breeds were polymorphic or monomorphic at the above gene loci. DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from 63 Sahel and 49 Djallonké sheep and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Restriction enzyme digestion of the BMP15-FecXB locus revealed two genotypes (AA and AB) in both populations with genotype AA recording the highest frequency in both populations. At the BMP15- FecXG locus, genotype Gg had the highest frequency (0.548) in the Djallonké population whereas GG frequency (0.719) was the highest in the Sahel population. Analysis of GDF9-FecGH with DdeI endonuclease also revealed two genotypes, AA and AB in both populations with the genotypic frequency of AA being the highest in both populations (Sahel= 0.933 and Djallonké= 0.98). At the GH gene locus, restriction digestion with HaeIII showed three genotypes (AA, AB, BB), with genotype AB recording the highest frequency in both populations. In addition, PCR-RFLP analysis at the CAST-MspI gene locus showed three genotypes (MM= 0.048, MN= 0.919, NN= 0.032) in the Sahel population whereas only two genotypes (MM= 0.367, MN= 0.633) were observed in the Djallonké population. Results from this study showed that the selected candidate genes were polymorphic in the two studied sheep breeds of Ghana. These results will form the basis for candidate gene association studies in the two sheep breeds.
Crisis volunteering as a current direction of modern social activity (philosophical view)
Authors: Аула Е.Р. 
Published: April 2024

В статье автор вводит понятие «кризисное добровольчество» раскрывает признаки и формы волонтерских практик в современном российском обществе, столкнувшимся с социально-экономическими и политическими вызовами. За последние несколько лет факторами развития данного направления стали: распространение пандемии COVID-19, начало специальной военной операции, миграционные процессы. Потенциал кризисного добровольчества проявляется в сплочении граждан и повышении уровня социальной активности различных групп населения. Выявлены социальные эффекты актуализации кризисного добровольчества. Именно в условиях риска и неопределенности происходит понимание приоритета общественного блага над ценностями индивидуализма. Благодаря кризисному добровольчеству возрастает уровень ощущения национальной идентичности и личной ответственности перед обществом и государством. Социальная активность становится более конструктивной и важной, происходит положительная трансформация образа волонтера в глазах общественности
In the article, the author introduces the concept of “crisis volunteerism” and reveals features and forms of manifestation of volunteer practices in the conditions of modern Russian society that addresses socio-economic and political challenges. The spread of the COVID19 pandemic, beginning of the special military operation, and mi- gration processes have become factors in the development of this area. The potential of crisis volunteerism is manifested in rallying citizens and increasing the level of social activity of various population groups. Social effects of actualization of crisis volunteerism are revealed. The priority of the public good over individualistic values is particularly viv- id in the conditions of risk and uncertainty. Due to crisis volunteerism, the level of feeling of national identity and personal responsibility to society and the state increases. Social activity becomes more constructive and important, and there is a positive transformation of the volunteer’s image in the eyes of the public
ANALISIS SWOT PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH PADA LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARI’AH DI INDONESIA : STUDI PENDEKATAN NVIVO DAN LITERATUR REVIEW
Authors: Doni Yusuf Bagaskara  , Rohmadi  
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis SWOT mengenai pembiayaan murabahah di Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan NVivo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodelogi kualitatif dengan pendekatan NVivo dan literature review. “Teknik analisis data meliputi: (1) memetakan jumlah code artikel berita berdasarkan analisa SWOT yaitu (kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman), seputar “Pembiayaan Murabahah” menggunakan software NVivo 14; (2) memetakan hasil visualisasi dengan diagram hierarki dan menguji korelasi hubungan antara artikel media menggunakan Analisa SWOT; (3) memetakan topik penelitian dengan Worldcloud atau kumpulan kata yang sering dibahas pada artikel media ; dan (4) Menguji nilai signifikan antara artikel media untuk mengetahui besar atau kecilnya suatu korelasi seputar topik “Pembiayaan Murabahah”. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa topik yang sering dibahas pada artikel media mengenai Pembiayaan Murabahah adalah kelemahan dan kelebihan Pembiayaan Murabahah. Sedangkan topik yang jarang dibahas oleh artikel media mengenai Pembiayaan Murabahah adalah peluang dan ancaman. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukan studi SWOT dan Literatur Review yang dihasilkan menjadi rekomendasi untuk peningkatan pengelolaan pembiayaan murabahah di masa depan.