bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information seeking and source selection among ePatients with cancer: Findings from the HINTS 2005
Authors: Kim Kyunghye , Kwon Nahyun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study is a secondary analysis of the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) of 5,586 randomly chosen Americans, conducted by the National Cancer Institute. The current study focuses on a subset of this dataset and includes the responses of ePatients (n=252) – people with history of cancer researching cancer topics from the Internet‐, and other cancer information seekers (n=1,740). A series of t‐tests and chi‐square tests was conducted to obtain insight into the socio‐demographic, communication, and information‐seeking characteristics the two groups possess. Compared to other cancer information seekers, ePatients were older; poorly employed or retired; more likely to have health coverage (insurance or Medicare, etc.); non‐immigrant; more likely to pay higher attention to media coverage of health news; more likely to e‐mail to doctors; more likely to trust information from the Internet; less likely to trust information from family/friends or radio; and more likely to have higher search expertise. More than half of the ePatients used the Internet for their primary information source, but growing number of the ePatients preferred doctors as the most preferred information source. The findings reveal five patterns in information and communication behaviors of ePatients. Implications from HINTS for health information providers were suggested.
“Where'd it go?”: How people ask after lost Web information
Authors: Teevan Jaime 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper investigates the way people described the difficulties they encountered when returning to information on the Web. It presents analysis of Web pages, collected via a Web search, where the phrase, “Where'd it go?” was used. A number of interesting observations arose from this analysis, including that the path originally taken to get to the information target is commonly referred to during its re‐retrieval, and that the temporal aspects of when the information was last seen were only important when considered relative to other events. While people expressed frustration when problems re‐finding arose, an explanation of why the change had occurred was often sufficient to allay that frustration, even in the absence of a solution. The implications of these observations for systems that support re‐finding in dynamic environments are discussed.
Figure and table retrieval from scholarly journal articles: User needs for teaching and research
Authors: Sandusky Robert J. , Tenopir Carol , Casado Margaret M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper discusses user needs for a system that indexes tables and figures culled from scientific journal articles. These findings are taken from a comprehensive investigation into scientists' satisfaction with and use of a tables and figures retrieval prototype. Much previous research has examined the usability and features of digital libraries and other online retrieval systems that retrieve either full‐text of journal articles, traditional article‐level abstracts, or both. In contrast, this paper examines the needs of users directly searching for and accessing discrete journal article components – figures, tables, graphs, maps, and photographs – that have been individually indexed.
An asymmetric FRP laminate with a circular precrack to determine impact‐induced damage
Authors: Singh Kalyan Kumar , Singh R.K. , Chandel P.S. , Kumar Prashant 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn asymmetric laminate is employed to study impact‐induced damage of subpenetration experiments. The configuration of the asymmetric laminate is chosen to have its stiffness characteristics almost identical to those of a symmetric laminate. The impact is made with a mild steel striker to have impact energy close to 12 J and impact velocity close to 50 m/s. A circular precrack is also introduced to facilitate failure on the midplane of a laminate. Due to material discontinuity at the midplane the damage area extension (DAE) of the precrack is found to be 1.83 cm2 on asymmetric laminates against 0.73 cm2 on symmetric laminates. Impact experiments are also conducted on bonded GFRP specimen with Epibond 1590 A/B adhesive using asymmetric laminates. DAE of adhesive interface is found to be substantially smaller than DAE of interlaminar failure. DAE of adhesive interface is further reduced when the adhesive is modified with 7.5% XNBR. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
A rapid ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray Ionisation mass spectrometric method for the analysis of saponins in the adventitious roots of Panax notoginseng
Authors: Dan Mo , Xie Guoxiang , Gao Xianfu , Long Xiangbao , Su Mingming , Zhao Aihua , Zhao Tie , Zhou Mingmei , Qiu Yunping , Jia Wei 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIntroductionSaponins are bioactive compounds employed in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The adventitious roots of Panax notoginseng may offer an alternative source of saponins. Identification and determination of saponins in the crude extract is challenging owing to their similar structures and the lack of standards.ObjectiveTo develop a rapid, sensitive and accurate method based on solid‐phase extraction followed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐MS) for the identification and quantification of saponins in P. notoginseng.MethodologyFollowing extraction using Waters OasisTM HLB cartridges, the analytes were subjected to a UPLC system with a Waters Acquity BEH C18 chromatographic column and a binary mobile phase system consisting of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile under gradient elution conditions, with final detection by ESI‐MS in the positive ion mode.ResultsThe UPLC‐ESI‐MS method gave limits of detection and quantification within the range 0.015–0.382 and 0.052–1.124 µg/mL, respectively, for 15 studied saponins. The instrumentation/injection precision (RSD) was 4.5% for a low concentration and 3.2% for an intermediate concentration sample. The intra‐ and inter‐day repeatability was less than 2.65% (RSD). The method described was validated using spiked samples with different amounts of saponin standards.ConclusionThis UPLC‐ESI‐MS assay provides a suitable quality control method for the tentative identification and determination of major biological active constituents in adventitious and native roots of P. notoginseng. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Goodness‐of‐fit diagnostics for the propensity score model when estimating treatment effects using covariate adjustment with the propensity score
Authors: Austin Peter C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe propensity score is defined to be a subject's probability of treatment selection, conditional on observed baseline covariates. Conditional on the propensity score, treated and untreated subjects have similar distributions of observed baseline covariates. In the medical literature, there are three commonly employed propensity‐score methods: stratification (subclassification) on the propensity score, matching on the propensity score, and covariate adjustment using the propensity score. Methods have been developed to assess the adequacy of the propensity score model in the context of stratification on the propensity score and propensity‐score matching. However, no comparable methods have been developed for covariate adjustment using the propensity score. Inferences about treatment effect made using propensity‐score methods are only valid if, conditional on the propensity score, treated and untreated subjects have similar distributions of baseline covariates. We develop both quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the balance in baseline covariates between treated and untreated subjects. The quantitative method employs the weighted conditional standardized difference. This is the conditional difference in the mean of a covariate between treated and untreated subjects, in units of the pooled standard deviation, integrated over the distribution of the propensity score. The qualitative method employs quantile regression models to determine whether, conditional on the propensity score, treated and untreated subjects have similar distributions of continuous covariates. We illustrate our methods using a large dataset of patients discharged from hospital with a diagnosis of a heart attack (acute myocardial infarction). The exposure was receipt of a prescription for a beta‐blocker at hospital discharge. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure and orientation behavior of transversely compressed poly(ethylene‐co‐1‐octene) filaments
Authors: Shan Haifeng , White James L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA basic study on crystal structure and orientation behavior of transversely compressed ethylene‐1‐octene copolymer with different 1‐octene contents was described. All polymers were first melt spun under different spinline stress and subsequently transversely compressed. For the melt‐spun filaments, an orthorhombic crystal structure was found for all polymers, but a pseudo‐hexagonal mesophase was also found for polymers with the highest 1‐octene level (13.3 mol%). For the transversely compressed filaments, several reflection peaks from a monoclinic unit cell were found for polyethylene without octene. For those with higher octene levels, the reflection peaks from monoclinic became fainter and disappeared for the one with the highest 1‐octene level. After being transversely compressed, the (110) and (200) peaks of orthorhombic crystal structures became oriented along the meridian direction, which is the fiber axis direction. The reason for this appears to be that the compression deformation of the filament induces elongation along its width direction and shrinkage along its length and thickness direction, and in this change the polymer chain orients. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Proteome approaches combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed a distinctive biofilm physiology in Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Serra Diego Omar , Lücking Genia , Weiland Florian , Schulz Stefan , Görg Angelika , Yantorno Osvaldo Miguel , Ehling‐Schulz Monika 
Published: October 2008

AbstractProteome analysis was combined with whole‐cell metabolic fingerprinting to gain insight into the physiology of mature biofilm in Bordetella pertussis, the agent responsible for whooping cough. Recent reports indicate that B. pertussis adopts a sessile biofilm as a strategy to persistently colonize the human host. However, since research in the past mainly focused on the planktonic lifestyle of B. pertussis, knowledge on biofilm formation of this important human pathogen is still limited. Comparative studies were carried out by combining 2‐DE and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy with multivariate statistical methods. These complementary approaches demonstrated that biofilm development has a distinctive impact on B. pertussis physiology. Results from MALDI‐TOF/MS identification of proteins together with results from FT‐IR spectroscopy revealed the biosynthesis of a putative acidic‐type polysaccharide polymer as the most distinctive trait of B. pertussis life in a biofilm. Additionally, expression of proteins known to be involved in cellular regulatory circuits, cell attachment and virulence was altered in sessile cells, which strongly suggests a significant impact of biofilm development on B. pertussis pathogenesis. In summary, our work showed that the combination of proteomics and FT‐IR spectroscopy with multivariate statistical analysis provides a powerful tool to gain further insight into bacterial lifestyles.
Enhanced detection and identification of multiply phosphorylated peptides using TiO2 enrichment in combination with MALDI TOF/TOF MS
Authors: Schmidt Andreas , Csaszar Edina , Ammerer Gustav , Mechtler Karl 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe analysis of PTMs such as phosphorylation has become an important field in MS because they can directly indicate protein states and interactions. Whereas the characterization of singly and doubly phosphorylated peptides has almost become routine, identifying phosphorylation events at multiple residues within a small region of a protein is still problematic. The identification of multiple modifications can be further hampered by low sequence information due to multiple neutral losses from phosphorylated side chains. Here we present a strategy for the analysis of complex phosphopeptides that combines peptide enrichment by titanium dioxide, separation by RP separation on monolithic columns and MS using high energy HE‐CAD in a MALDI TOF/TOF analyser. Using synthetic phosphopeptides our approach is compared to multistage activation (MSA) MS/MS and the recently described electron transfer dissociation (ETD) method using an ESI‐LTQ mass spectrometer.
Controlled synthesis of fluorinated copolymers with pendant sulfonates
Authors: Dimitrov Ivaylo , Jankova Katja , Hvilsted Søren 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNovel, fluorinated copolymers with different architectures bearing sulfopropyl groups were synthesized in a three‐step procedure. The first step involved atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of aromatic fluorinated monomers followed by two modification reactions performed on the polymer chain: demethylation and sulfopropylation. As a result two types of fluorinated copolymers were obtained. The first one was synthesized by ATRP of 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐4‐methoxystyrene (TFMS). After the modification steps copolymers with randomly distributed sulfopropyl groups along the backbone were obtained. The second type of copolymers has diblock architecture with one of the blocks being sulfopropylated. They were synthesized via ATRP of 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene (FS) initiated by a PTFMS‐macroinitiator followed by demethylation and sulfopropylation of the TFMS‐block. The copolymers were characterized by size‐exclusion chromatography, FTIR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Their thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analyses. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7827–7834, 2008
Small‐angle neutron scattering study on the miscibility and concentration fluctuation of hydrogen‐bonded polymer blends
Authors: Urakawa Osamu , Ikuta Hiroyoshi , Nobukawa Shogo , Shikata Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThermal concentration fluctuation in the blends of deuterated poly(ethylene oxide) (dPEO) and poly(vinyl acetate‐co‐vinyl alcohol) [P(VAc‐VOH)] with various VOH contents fOH were examined by small angle neutron scattering techniques at a fixed blend composition, dPEO/P(VAc‐VOH) = 20/80 which is close to the critical composition. Blends at the highest fOH (=0.35) showed a non‐Lorentzian scattering profile: specifically the scattering intensities at the low q (angle) region were suppressed compared to those expected from the random phase approximation (RPA) theory. However, for the blends at lower fOH (≤0.28), the profiles could be represented by the RPA. Using the RPA we determined effective values of the Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter χeff as a function of fOH (=0–0.28). The χeff showed the minimum around fOH = 0.1–0.18 meaning the highest miscibility of the blend at these fOH. On the basis of the random copolymer theory, we evaluated the three interaction parameters χAc–EO, χEO–OH, and χAc–OH separately from the χeff(fOH) and found the order of magnitude; χAc–EO < 0 < χEO–OH < χAc–OH. The largest positive χAc–OH showing intrachain interaction in the P(VAc‐VOH) copolymer was concluded to be the origin of the enhanced miscibility at around fOH = 0.1–0.18. On the basis of the Coleman and Painter's theory, the effects of hydrogen bonding on these three χA‐B were discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2556–2565, 2008
Influence of the compatibilizer polarity and molar mass on the morphology and the gas barrier properties of polyethylene/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Picard E. , Vermogen A. , Gérard J‐F. , Espuche E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this study, different modified polyethylenes with different molar masses and different modification rates were examined as compatibilizers to prepare high density polyethylene/organoclay nanocomposites. Nanocomposites having 5 wt % organo‐modified clay and 20 wt % interfacial agent were prepared by melt blending. The effect of compatibilizer molar mass and polarity was investigated on the clay dispersion and on the gas barrier properties. It was observed that the amount of large and dense fillers aggregates was considerably reduced by introduction of an interfacial agent. The nanocomposite final morphology was governed by a diffusion/shear mechanism. A high degree of clay delamination was obtained with the high molar mass compatibilizers, whereas highly swollen clay aggregates resulted from the incorporation of the low molar mass interfacial agents. In the investigated nanocomposites series, the barrier properties could not be directly related to the clay dispersion state but resulted also from the matrix/clay interfacial interactions. A gas transport mechanism based on these both parameters was proposed to explain the barrier properties evolution in these low polar nanocomposites series. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2593–2604, 2008
Molecular dynamics of copolyester/clay nanocomposites as investigated by viscoelastic and dielectric analysis
Authors: Kalgaonkar Rajendra A. , Jog Jyoti P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe have investigated the molecular dynamics of poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐cycloxeane‐1,4‐dimethanol terephthalate) (PETG) nanocomposites based on a organically modified layered silicate. Intercalated nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding technique as evidenced from the X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies. Two relaxation processes were observed in pure PETG as well as in the nanocomposites. The low‐temperature β‐process was assigned to the local motions of CO polar groups and the α‐process was due to the glass‐rubber transition or the segmental relaxations associated with the polymer chain backbone. Presence of layered silicates accelerated α‐relaxation dynamics in the nanocomposites accompanied by a depression in Tg which was attributed to the reduced intermolecular cooperativity between intercalated polymers chains. Additionally, a direct comparison between the viscoelastic and dielectric studies shows excellent agreement between the accelerated α dynamics of the nanocomposites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2539–2555, 2008
Free volume of molten and glassy polystyrene and its nanocomposites
Authors: Utracki L. A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe Pressure‐Volume‐Temperature (PVT) dependencies of polystyrene‐based clay‐containing nanocomposites (CPNC) were determined in the glassy and molten state. The PVT data in the melt were fitted to the Simha‐Somcynsky (S‐S) lattice‐hole equation‐of‐state (eos), yielding the free volume quantity, h = h(T, P), and the characteristic reducing parameters, P*, V*, T*. The data within the glassy region were interpreted considering that the latter parameters are valid in the whole range of independent variables, than calculating h = h(T, P) from the experimental values of V = V(T, P). Next, the frozen free volume fraction in the glass was computed as FF = FF(P). In the molten state the maximum reduction of free volume was observed at wsolid ≈ 3.6–wt % clay, amount sufficient to adsorb all PS into solidified layer around organoclay stacks. In the vitreous state FF increased with clay content from 0.6 to 1.6—this is the first time FF ≫ 1 has been observed. The highest value was determined for CPNC with the highest clay content, w = 17.1 wt %, thus well above wsolid. The derivative properties, compressibility, κ, and the thermal expansion coefficient, α, depend on T, P, and w. Plots of κ versus T indicate the presence of two secondary transitions, one at Tβ/Tg ≈ 0.9 ± 0.1 and other at TT/Tg = 1.2 ± 0.1. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2504–2518, 2008
Hamstring length in patellofemoral pain syndrome
Authors: White Lisa C. , Dolphin Philippa , Dixon John 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurpose. To investigate whether there was a difference in hamstring length between patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome and healthy asymptomatic control participants between 18 and 35 years old. Relevance. Short hamstrings may produce greater patellofemoral joint reaction forces. Only three studies, which had conflicting results, have measured the hamstring length in this patient group (Smith et al., 1991; Witvrouw et al., 2000; Piva et al., 2005). Subjects. Two groups were tested, one was diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome (mean age 27 years, n = 11, six males, five females) and one was of asymptomatic control participants (mean age 25 years, n = 25, 13 males, 12 females). Methods. Ethical approval was granted by the Local Research Ethics Committee and a cross‐sectional observational study was carried out in a hospital's physiotherapy department. Hamstring length was evaluated using the passive knee extension method and a masked universal goniometer to measure the popliteal angle. Analysis. An independent t‐test was used to evaluate between‐group differences. Results. Mean (standard deviation) values for hamstring length were 145.6 (8.7)° for the patellofemoral pain patients and 153.7 (10.1)° for the asymptomatic control participants. The mean (95% confidence interval) difference between the groups was 8.0 (0.8 to 15.1)°, and this was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Discussion. Although limited by a small sample size, these results show that hamstring length is shorter in the patellofemoral patient group than in the asymptomatic participants. It is unclear whether this is a cause or an effect of the condition. Further research should study how hamstring length changes with rehabilitation and its relationships with pain. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.