bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the cholinergic and adrenergic effects of two tropane alkaloids from Erythroxylum pervillei
Authors: Chin Young‐Won , Kinghorn A. Douglas , Patil Popat N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPervilleine A is an aromatic ester tropane alkaloid from Erythroxylum pervillei that has shown promising activity as a multidrug resistance inhibitor. Due to its structural similarity with the well known (‐)‐hyoscyamine and (‐)‐cocaine, the cholinergic and adrenergic activities of pervilleine A were evaluated. At 30 µm (±)‐pervilleine A hydrochloride exhibited non‐competitive inhibition of the cholinergic response in the guinea‐pig ileum and did not affect the carbachol‐induced contraction of the rat anococcygeus smooth muscle. (±)‐Pervilleine A hydrochloride blocked nonspecifically the vascular response of (‐)‐norepinephrine in the rat aorta ring, while the contractile response of rat vas deferens to (‐)‐norepinephrine was not affected significantly at a 100 µm concentration. An analogue of pervilleine A, (±)‐pervilleine H, without a 6‐O‐trans‐3,4,5‐trimethoxycinnamoyl ester substituent required for anti‐multidrug resistance activity, did not exhibit any effects in these experiments. The data suggest that (±)‐pervilleine A hydrochloride has weak nonspecific anticholinergic and vascular antiadrenergic activities. The lack of significant cholinergic and adrenergic receptor‐mediated activities may be considered advantageous for the further development of pervilleine A as a new adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of Phellinus linteus extract against Iron overload‐mediated oxidative stress in cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: Ye She‐fang , Hou Zhen‐qing , Zhang Qi‐qing 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhellinus linteus (PL) mushroom has been reported to possess antioxidant activity. The present study was designed to investigate whether an ethanol extract obtained from PL might ameliorate oxidative stress and enhance antioxidant enzyme activities in primary rat hepatocytes, which were overloaded with iron using ferric nitrilotriacetate (FeNTA) complex. FeNTA enables hepatocytes to accumulate substantially redox‐active iron and stimulates the production of injurious hydroxyl radicals, which in turn, initiate oxidative stress‐mediated cytotoxicity. The results showed that pretreatment of hepatocytes with PL extract (50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) for 24 h significantly reversed FeNTA‐induced cell viability loss, lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl formation in a dose‐dependent manner. It was further observed that PL extract produced an inhibitory effect on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation caused by FeNTA. Concomitantly, the amount of GSH content and the activities of glutathione reductase (GSH Rd) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) in hepatocytes pretreated with PL extract increased substantially compared with those treated with FeNTA alone. These results suggest that PL may be useful in protecting against FeNTA‐induced oxidative damage and also be capable of attenuating cytotoxicity of other oxidants. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of campesterol from Chrysanthemum coronarium L. and its antiangiogenic activities
Authors: Choi Jung‐Min , Lee Eun‐Ok , Lee Hyo‐Jung , Kim Kwan‐Hyun , Ahn Kyoo‐Seok , Shim Bum‐Sang , Kim Nam‐Il , Song Myoung‐Chong , Baek Nam‐In , Kim Sung‐Hoon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCampesterol, a plant sterol in nature, is known to have cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects. Since angiogenesis is essential for cancer, it was surmised that an antiangiogenic effect may be involved in the anticancer action of this compound. This study investigated the effect of campesterol on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)‐induced angiogenesis in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and an in vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Campesterol isolated from an ethylacetate fraction of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. showed a weak cytotoxicity in non‐proliferating HUVECs. Within the non‐cytotoxic concentration range, campesterol significantly inhibited the bFGF‐induced proliferation and tube formation of HUVECs in a concentration‐dependent manner, while it did not affect the motility of HUVECs. Furthermore, campesterol effectively disrupted the bFGF‐induced neovascularization in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) in vivo. Taken together, these results support a potential antiangiogenic action of campesterol via an inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and capillary differentiation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effects of several components of Gastrodia elata on lipid peroxidation in gerbil brain homogenates
Authors: Jung Tae‐Young , Suh Seong‐Il , Lee Hyung , Kim In‐Soo , Kim Hyun‐Joo , Yoo Ho‐Sang , Lee Seong‐Ryong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGastrodia elata (GE) Blume, a traditional herbal agent, has been used mainly in anticonvulsive treatment in Asia. Recently, extracts of GE were evaluated for their potential as neuroprotectives and antioxidants. This study was designed to examine the antioxidant effect of the ether fraction of the methanol extract (EFME) of GE along with its major constituents vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, hydroxybenzaldehyde and hydroxybenzyl alcohol. In experiment 1, gerbils were treated with EFME of GE at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. Oxidative stress was induced with H2O2 or ferrous ion, and lipid peroxidation was measured. In experiment 2, oxidative stress was induced with various concentrations of H2O2 or ferrous ammonium sulfate, and lipid peroxidation was measured. To compare the antioxidant potency, the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) was determined. EFME of GE reduced auto‐peroxidation and H2O2‐induced lipid peroxidation. However, it did not significantly reduce ferrous ammonium sulfate‐induced lipid peroxidation. The order of antioxidation potency was as follows: hydroxybenzyl alcohol > vanillyl alcohol > vanillin > hydroxybenzaldehyde. In the case of hydroxybenzaldehyde, its antioxidant effect was more potent than that of melatonin. The excellent antioxidant effects of GE and its main constituents may have potential in the treatment of lipid peroxidation‐associated neurological disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topical antiinflammatory activity of an innovative aqueous formulation of actichelated® propolis vs two commercial propolis formulations
Authors: Sosa Silvio , Bornancin Anna , Tubaro Aurelia , Loggia Roberto Della 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA novel aqueous commercial formulation of a new hydrophilic propolis product (Actichelated® Propolis, contained in ‘LeniGola PropolEffect Spray Senza Alcohol’; Pharbenia, Milan, Italy) was evaluated for its topical antiinflammatory activity in comparison with a hydroglyceric propolis spray solution (‘Propoli LeniGola Spray Senza Alcool’; Pharbenia, Milan, Italy) and a hydroalcohol preparation (‘Propoli LeniGola Spray Forte’; Pharbenia, Milan, Italy). Actichelated® propolis (Actimex, Trieste, Italy) is a multicomposite material obtained with a patented technology, mechano‐chemical activation, which application led to a new hydrosoluble form of propolis.Each propolis preparation provoked a dose‐dependent inhibition of the croton oil‐induced ear oedema in mice. Considering the administered doses of flavonoids, ‘LeniGola PropolEffect Spray Senza Alcool’ (ID50 = 13.6 µL/cm2, corresponding to 13.6 µg flavonoids/cm2) is slightly more active than the hydroglyceric formulation ‘Propoli LeniGola Spray’ (ID50 = 13.7 µL/cm2, corresponding to 20.6 µg flavonoids/cm2) and six times more active than the hydroalcohol preparation ‘Propoli LeniGola Spray Forte’ (ID50 = 5.5 µL/cm2, corresponding to 82.5 µg flavonoids/cm2). As a reference, 15 µL/cm2 of the commercial sprays Tantum® Verde and Froben®, containing 37.5 or 45 µg of the non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drugs benzidamine hydrochloride or flurbiprofen, induced 18% and 35% oedema inhibition, respectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population quantile‐quantile plots for monitoring assay performance in newborn screening
Authors: Pollitt R. J. , Matthews A. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryImmunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) used in screening for cystic fibrosis is heterogeneous, poorly characterized, and displays marked matrix effects when incorporated into blood spots, making long‐term control of assay calibration difficult. The cut‐off required to select a fixed proportion of samples (0.5% for the UK protocol) for second‐tier mutation analysis varies over time, partly owing to slight differences in calibration of individual lots of assay kit. To investigate this and possible inter‐laboratory differences in analytical performance, we developed a monitoring system based on the distribution of measured IRT concentrations in the screened samples. Results were collected fortnightly from five UK screening laboratories in the form of numbers of samples in histogram ‘bins’ of IRT concentration. These data were converted to cumulative percentages and the IRT concentrations at fixed centiles then approximated by triangulation. The quantile‐quantile plot of any subset (by laboratory or by kit lot) of these data using pooled results (all‐laboratories all‐kit‐lots, approximately 270000 samples) as the reference distribution is analogous to a calibration curve and gives a measure of bias in terms of sensitivity (slope) and baseline (y‐intercept). This allows a revised 99.5th centile cut‐off for each subset to be calculated directly. A similar approach has allowed inter‐laboratory comparison of tandem‐mass spectrometric assays for free carnitine (with emphasis on low values) and phenylalanine and has demonstrated that apparently trivial differences in instrumentation and procedures have resulted in marked variation in resultant assay performance.
Gas‐liquid chromatographic analysis of geometrical and positional octadecenoic and octadecadienoic acid isomers produced by catalytic hydrogenation of linoleic acid on Ir/Al2O3
Authors: Kitayama Yoshie , Takahashi Megumi , Sugiyama Hisashi , Kodama Tatsuya , Okamura Mutsuo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenation of linoleic acid was studied on Ir/Al2O3. A detailed analysis of geometrical and positional isomers of octadecenoic acid (18:1) in the products was performed by capillary gas‐liquid chromatography with a new capillary column coated with isocyanopropyl trisilphenylene siloxane (TC‐70). Well‐resolved peaks of 10 species of 18:1 were observed in the product. In addition to monoenoic acid isomers, four species of trans‐dienoic isomers and conjugated dienoic isomers were found. From the distribution of 18:1 isomers, it was found that the double bond closer to the methyl end (Δ12) showed higher reactivity than that closer to the carboxyl end (Δ9) for hydrogenation. Because cis‐8 18:1 and trans‐8 18:1 were not observed but cis‐10 18:1 and trans‐10 18:1 were observed in the products, the double‐bond Δ9 did not migrate to the carboxyl end but migrated to the methyl end. On the other hand, the Δ12 bond migrated to both methyl and carboxyl ends. From the distribution of 18:1 isomers in the reaction pathway, the hydrogenation of linoleic acid proceeds via half‐hydrogenation states. Cis‐18:1 isomers were produced predominantly in the initial stage of the reaction, while trans‐18:1 isomers were produced during progress of the reaction. The cis/trans and positional isomerization took place by readsorption of 18:1 produced by the partial hydrogenation of linoleic acid.
Evaluation of tripalmitin crystallization in sesame oil through a modified avrami equation
Authors: Dibildox‐Alvarado Elena , Toro‐Vazquez Jorge F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTripalmitin (TP) crystallization in sesame oil solutions (0.98, 1.80, and 2.62%, wt/vol) was investigated by utilizing a modification of the Avrami equation. The modified equation retains the original correspondence to the nucleation process (i.e., n) and crystal growth and simply corrects the value of the crystallization rate constant (z) by eliminating the influence of n. The energy of activation (Ea) values for TP crystallization in sesame oil solution, calculated with the modified z, were quite similar to those calculated with the reciprocal of time required to achieve 50% of TP crystallization (tF=0.50−1). However, Eavalues calculated with z from Avrami’s original equation were quite different from those obtained with tF=0.50−1. Thus, z and Eavalues calculated through the Avrami equation yield erroneous results, especially when comparing crystallization processes having different magnitudes of n, as in this study. Additional analysis that considered the viscosity of the TP oil solutions concluded that, at equal supercooling conditions (e.g., 22.0–22.5), the magnitude of z and Eabecame more dependent upon the crystal growth process as oil viscosity decreased. In contrast, as viscosity of the oil phase increased, the main crystallization process, evaluated through z and Ea′was nucleation. Furthermore, within the supercooling interval achieved at the temperatures utilized, the increase in supercooling at constant viscosity conditions (e.g., 5.25–5.5 dynes/cm2) would produce a higher degree of nucleation without an appreciable effect on TP crystal size. The results obtained indicate that investigating the effects of supercooling, molecular diffusion (i.e., viscosity) and TP concentration on the magnitude of z and Eaduring TP crystallization in sesame oil requires a multiple variable statistical approach.
The representation of the mind as an enclosure in Old English poetry
Authors: Mize Britt 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe frequent representation of the mind as a potentially secure enclosure in Old English poetry has unrecognized implications for interpretation. The mind as imagined by Anglo-Saxon poets exhibits both capabilities of an enclosure: containment and exclusion; but the most common image is one of containment, specifically of reified thoughts, knowledge or discourse as figurative treasure objects. This model's interaction with traditional value systems invests it with ethical meaning: what is inside or outside of the mind either should or should not be allowed to pass through its boundary. Mental valuables are closely analogous to material wealth and are subject to the same imperatives for their management and use. The poetry also reflects anxiety about the privacy of the individual mind, which allows the accumulation and concealment of a perverse hord of deceit, sin or folly that can cause social harm through a failure of containment.
The origin of the numbered sections in Beowulf and in other Old English poems
Authors: Fulk R.D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMost observers now agree that the fitt numbers in Beowulf were not in the scribes' exemplar. A question less frequently addressed is whether the sectional divisions themselves are authorial or whether the poem was divided in the course of manuscript transmission. Several of the divisions in the portion of the poem copied by the second scribe make little narrative sense, while the divisions in the first scribe's work are sufficiently rational. The difference suggests that it is these scribes who are responsible for having introduced the divisions. A consideration of sectional divisions in other poems demonstrates that many of these divisions, too, are unlikely to be authorial.
Alfred's epistemological metaphors: eagan modes and scip modes
Authors: Wilcox Miranda 
Published: June 2007

AbstractKing Alfred's translations successively develop the metaphors of eagan modes and scip modes to render the implicit and explicit psychological contexts of nautical and ocular images in their Latin source-texts. The increasing complexity and independence of the metaphorical modification evident in the Old English translations suggest the order in which Alfred translated and reveal his maturing conception of epistemology, particularly the theory of illumination. In Pastoral Care, Consolations of Philosophy, Metres of Boethius, and, especially, Soliloquies, the interplay of these psychosomatic metaphors functions not as rhetorical flourish or stylistic ornamentation but as a means for Alfred to model his inferences about epistemological phenomena.
Canterbury and Flanders in the late tenth century
Authors: Vanderputten Steven 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper provides an edition, translation and discussion of four letters written by Flemish abbots to the archbishops of Canterbury between the years 980 and 991 and preserved in two manuscripts drawn on the archiepiscopal archives in the early eleventh century (London, British Library, Cotton Tiberius A. xv and Cotton Vespasian A. xiv). The letters document the increasing importance of cross-Channel relations in the late tenth century and provide context for a number of hitherto unexplained indications of cultural, religious and financial exchanges between the county of Flanders and England.
Anthropogenic carbon distribution in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Sandrini S. , Ait-Ameur N. , Rivaro P. , Massolo S. , Touratier F. , Tositti L. , Goyet C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Ross Sea is an area of dense water formation within the Southern Ocean, hence it potentially plays an important role for anthropogenic CO2 sequestration. In order to estimate the penetration of anthropogenic carbon in the Ross Sea from total inorganic carbon (TCO2) measurements carried out in 2002–03 Antarctic Italian Expedition, we applied two independent models. Anthropogenic carbon was present throughout the water column. The highest concentrations were associated with the recently ventilated shelf waters, namely High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) and Ice Shelf Water (ISW), due to their recent contact with the atmosphere. The lowest concentrations were observed for Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), due to its relatively older ventilation age. This water mass intrudes onto the shelf in some parts of the Ross Sea and hence is observed in the sampled section, where it is recognizable for its low O2 and high TCO2 concentrations. The overflow of the dense High Salinity Shelf Water out of the continental slope was observed in the area off Cape Adare. Since this recently formed shelf water contributes to the formation of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), this process represents a pathway for anthropogenic carbon export down to the deep ocean.
New Quaternary sedimentary records from near the Larsen C and former Larsen B ice shelves; evidence for Holocene stability
Authors: Curry Philip , Pudsey Carol J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGlacial and post-glacial shelf sedimentation near the Larsen C and former Larsen B ice shelves is compared to records from ice shelves farther north, which underwent mid-Holocene retreat. A core from Larsen C comprises a lower unit of deformation till, overlain by thick mud interpreted as water lain from suspension under the ice shelf. Iceberg-rafted debris occurs only in the top 50 cm, suggesting that prior to that layer's deposition, the ice shelf had not receded past the site since the last deglaciation. Subsequently the site appears to have been seasonally ice free, and the ice shelf has retreated further and is now 15 km landward of the site. A core from Larsen B also consists of a lower unit, interpreted as sub-glacial lodgement till. The overlying mud is thinner, more poorly sorted, with evidence of powerful winnowing of sediments suggesting strong currents. The absence of iceberg-rafted debris implies that this site was covered by an ice shelf continuously from the last deglaciation until its collapse in 2002. Strong currents could have facilitated basal erosion, contributing to its collapse. The Larsen C shelf is also thinning and historical records show retreat in the last hundred years. With continued rising temperatures, Larsen C may eventually retreat to a point at which it collapses.
Molecular Static and Dynamic Analyses reveal Flaw in Murine Model used by US FDA to Detect Drug Carcinogenicity
Authors: Marshall Trevor 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe US FDA currently accepts carcinogenicity studies of pharmaceutical drugs based on murine models. In addition to 6 month studies with p53(+/-) and ras.H2 transgenic mice, lifetime studies (typically 2 years) in WT mice or rats are also considered as evidence that a drug lacks carcinogenic activity. This model is not always exhaustive. For example, during the acceptance testing of the ARB Olmesartan[1], possible carcinogenicity observed in hamsters was not able to be duplicated in rats, or in transgenic mice. We have previously used the static molecular modeling of AutoDock to demonstrate that Olmesartan has agonostic activity in the PDB:1DB1 model of the human VDR Nuclear Receptor[2], while it has antagonistic activity in the PDB:1RK3 model of the rat VDR. This agonism has now been confirmed with Molecular Dynamics, using GROMACS. The murine VDR indeed lost its ability to bind the DRIP-205 co-activator when Olmesartan was the ligand, while the human VDR was activated by Olmesartan similarly to its native ligand (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D). Since the VDR is believed to express 913 genes[3], many of which are known to be associated with cancer pathogenesis, good homology between human VDR, and the animal model VDR, is exceedingly important.CONCLUSION: The murine environment is inadequate to accurately model drug carcinogenic activity in humans. A species should be chosen which has a VDR LBP homology closer to that of man. AutoDock and GROMACS molecular analyses are useful in resolving any remaining anomalies in the observed data.
The peptide-binding activity of GRP94 is regulated by calcium
Authors: Biswas Chhanda , Ostrovsky Olga , Makarewich Catherine A. , Wanderling Sherry , Gidalevitz Tali , Argon Yair 
Published: June 2007

GRP94 (glucose-regulated protein of 94 kDa) is a major luminal constituent of the endoplasmic reticulum with known high capacity for calcium in vivo and a peptide-binding activity in vitro. In the present study, we show that Ca2+ regulates the ability of GRP94 to bind peptides. This effect is due to a Ca2+-binding site located in the charged linker domain of GRP94, which, when occupied, enhances the association of peptides with the peptide-binding site in the N-terminal domain of the protein. We further show that grp94−/− cells are hypersensitive to perturbation of intracellular calcium and thus GRP94 is important for cellular Ca2+ storage.