bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A firmware monitor to support vertical migration decisions in the UNIX operating system
Authors: Holtkamp B. , Kaestner H. 
Published: January 2007

From a methodological point of view vertical migration involves the following four steps: identification of migration objects, prediction of expected system improvements, implementation, and verification of the results. In this paper a firmware monitor is presented as a support tool for the first and fourth step.
The application environment for this monitor is a PDP-11/60 with writable control store running the UNIX operating system. Based upon a UNIX system model the requirements for the monitor are defined in terms of objects and their parameters to be measured. Afterwards the hierarchical structure and the components of the firmware monitor are presented. Furthermore the monitor handling and its influence on the operating system are discussed.
Crossing the machine interface
Authors: Olbert A. G. 
Published: January 2007

The concepts and theory behind a specific type of hardware accelerator, oar “assist”, are presented. Such accelerators are specific extensions to an existing, generalized data processor architecture. Both the software system and the hardware implementation are changed by the extensions. For the accelerators discussed here, the hardware implementation is accomplished solely in microcode.
The generalized architecture can be compatible across a line of data processors. The accelerators are defacto extensions to the basic architecture and are normally only defined on a subset of the processor line. These architectural extensions consist of functions migrated from “above” the generalized architecture (i.e. software functions) into the processor architecture and processor implementation.
The accelerators provide a method of improving system performance that is complementary to improving performance through modification of the generalized processor architecture itself or the underlying circuitry implementation.
MICOS
Authors: Burkhardt Walter H. , Maier Helmut E. 
Published: January 2007

Modern operating systems (OS) spend often more than half of the total CPU-time for overhead. Microprogramming of systems components offers an attractive means for a reduction. However, previous investigators have found only small increases in efficiency by microprogrammed OS-functions, whenever analyzed in detail. They have implemented a total OS in microcode or designed new powerful machine instructions for single systems functions, but without important changes to the hardware architecture or the OS-structure.
A special structure of the present system has been adopted for the comparison of the performance of the different implementation modes for the functions in the OS-nucleus.
A methodology for programming a pipeline array processor
Authors: Cohen Danny 
Published: January 2007

In this note a recursive filter implementation is discussed, analyzed and programmed in the most efficient way for the FPS-AP120B array processor.
The purpose of this note is not only to demonstrate a good technique for programming this filter (even though it is a noble goal by itself), but to demonstrate the methodology involved.
The FPS-AP120B array processor was chosen because it has microprogrammed control parallel pipeline architecture, which is typical for a wide class of high performance array processors.
Integration of TCP-friendly streaming sessions and heavy-tailed elastic flows
Authors: Bekker René , Borst Sem , Néñez-Queija Rudesindo 
Published: January 2007

We consider a fixed number of streaming sessions sharing a bottleneck link with a dynamic population of elastic flows. We assume that the sizes of the elastic flows exhibit heavy-tailed characteristics. The elastic flows are TCP-controlled, while the transmission rates of the streaming applications are governed by a so-called TCP-friendly rate control protocol.
Adopting the Processor-Sharing (PS) discipline to model the bandwidth sharing, we investigate the tail distribution of the deficit in service received by the streaming sessions compared to a nominal service target. The latter metric provides an indication for the quality experienced by the streaming applications. The results yield valuable qualitative insight into the occurrence of persistent quality disruption for the streaming users. We also examine the delay performance of the elastic flows.
The semantic web, web accessibility, and device independence
Authors: Seeman Lisa 
Published: January 2007

Over the past several years there has been a significant increase in awareness of the need for Web accessibility and development of policies relating to Web accessibility in Europe. Techniques for implementations have been standardized and benchmark guidelines accepted (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines -- i.e. WCAG).
However, as Web protocols and technologies develop, new opportunities become available, and it may be realistic to open Web content to more and more people, and to develop more powerful accessibility solutions.
An examination of the predictive validity of several potential predictors of the work proficiency of computer programmers
Authors: Tillman Morris R. 
Published: January 2007

The present study concerns an examination of the predictive validity of several potential predictors of the work proficiency of computer programmers. The study was conducted by the Research Department of a large, multi-line insurance company.
When the research design for this study was developed, it was anticipated that data would be collected on 150--200 computer programmers hired within one year. Unfortunately, it became impossible for this large a number of programmers to be hired. Therefore, the author was left with a research design which had been developed for a much greater number of subjects than it was possible to have. The data analyses were completed as planned even though the smaller-than-hoped-for number of subjects made some of the analyses inappropriate. The data were available so they were used in exploratory analyses, the intent of which was to gain insights which might be valuable in future research. This paper presents all the analyses which were performed in the hope that the method and techniques used will be informative and useful to some readers.
Information sources practicing programmers use to acquire new concepts and the relation between prior programmer education and concept impact
Authors: Taylor Robert P. , Fisher James , Alvarez John 
Published: January 2007

In the field of data processing, the professional needs to keep abreast of new developments. For programmers and their supervisors, this involves learning about, evaluating, and subsequently using or rejecting new programming concepts. Whether one is charged with educating and training programmers or with hiring them, this need to keep abreast raises some interesting questions. This paper concerns itself with three such questions:
1. From what sources do programmers in the field learn about new concepts?
2. Is there a significant relationship between particular aspects of a programmer's background and his/her awareness of new programming concepts?
3. Is there a significant relationship between particular aspects of a programer's working environment and his awareness of new concepts?
Overtime for programmers
Authors: Hammer Howard M. 
Published: January 2007

Overtime For Programmers
There is no doubt that a significant number of those employed as programmers may be non-exempt employees with respect to F.L.S.A. requirements for overtime compensation. Wage and Hour Division Regulations and Interpretive Bulletins seem to limit exemption from these requirements to the programmer who works in a bona fide executive or administrative position. Recent litigation establishes the likelihood that a large group of programmers may come under this exemption and that some programmers may be exempt as professional persons, even though Wage and Hour Division interpretations suggest otherwise.
User education for a computerized environment
Authors: Willoughby Theodore C. , Silbey Val 
Published: January 2007

Business organizations control the information systems development process through three mechanisms - steering committees, project leaders and user representatives. These roles serve to guide an experiential approach to the education of MBA students.
Computer technology has had a major effect on the way people work. It has changed the economics of paperwork, the nature of the data flow in organizations, and the relationships between people on the job. This impact is also recognized in College and University curricula. Elements of computer literacy are required in almost all schools of business. These courses usually require the student to learn a programming language such as Basic or Fortran. But knowledge of one programming language is not sufficient to prepare people for successful roles in an increasingly computerized environment. They need familiarity with these roles prior to entry to the organization.
Organizations have evolved strategies for allocating and controlling the computer resource. Since universities intend to prepare students for this technical world, it is necessary to look at these processes. These organizational processes can serve to guide instructors in the classroom setting.
In the next few paragraphs, we will explain the organizational setting. Then the various roles are described. Finally, we place it within the framework of a MIS course and discuss the parallels between a course and an organization.
X-Window interface to SMART, an advanced text retrieval system
Authors: Li Tong , Chiu Victoria , Gey Fredric 
Published: January 2007

In a research environment for text and document retreival, the experimental functionality is and must be paramount. However, for long-term durability of a software product, the user-interface is seen as a critical component to successful development. In order to explore the effort involved in developing a modern user interface to a text retrieval system, the authors chose to implement a limited X-Window interface to the Cornell University SMART system.
The first section of this paper will briefly introduce the history of the SMART system, its command line interface, and the goal of this project; the second will discuss the scope of the project; the development and integration strategies will be covered in sections three and four; then some ideas on the desired enchancements in section five.
Clustering in object-oriented databases
Authors: de Paula Everton G. , Nelson Michael L. 
Published: January 2007

Object-oriented database management systems are still a relatively new area, with many unanswered questions as to their performance. Objects can be clustered on disk (i.e., stored in contiguous storage areas) so that when accessing one object in a cluster, all of the objects in that cluster are brought into main memory. Thus when accessing additional objects in the cluster, it is then a main memory operation rather than a disk operation.
Unfortunately, determing which objects to cluster together is often left entirely up to the user, and an improper clustering scheme can severly degrade system performance. This paper presents a set of guidelines for developing a clustering scheme, using an actual application as an example.
Is There a Role for Standards in the Future of Fortran?
Authors: Ellis Miles 
Published: January 2007

The first Fortran compiler was delivered to customers by IBM in
April 1957. By the time the author wrote his first Fortran program
in 1965, there were more than 50 Fortran compilers in existence - -
and almost as many different versions of the Fortran language! The
first (American) Fortran Standard came the next year; the first
Interna- tional Fortran Standard was published in 1980 following
the publication of the American Fortran 77 Standard in 1978.
Further Fortran Standards followed in 1991 and 1997.
However, the innovation shown by the early Fortran compiler
writers has now been replaced by a reluc- tance to add any
significant new features to compilers until they have been
standardised internationally N and the international
standardization process can be very slow! It seems ironic that in a
world in which a new lan- guage such as Java can be conceived,
developed, launched, and become dominant in its field in less than
five years, it takes at least twice that long for a major language
such as Fortran to add a few simple features.
Standards have undoubtedly replaced the chaotic, competitive,
potentially incompatible language develop- ment of the 1960s with a
regular, safe, well-coordinated language development of today. But
at what cost?
This paper will argue that the cost may be too great, and that
Fortran must break out of tyranny of the International Standards
process if it is to survive into the 21st century as the major
language that its history deserves.
Control of design data in the integrated ship design system
Authors: Bono Peter R. 
Published: January 2007

The Navy's Integrated Ship Design System (ISDS) is being designed as a collection of application program modules (for preliminary design) which communicate with a centralized set of data files. These files use the existing COMRADE Data Management system which was designed specifically for Integrated systems.
Apart from providing an environment in which to operate the
engineering application modules, ISDS's main role is to manage the creation, flow and archiving of the ship design data and to control access to this data. Consequently, a major concern during the lengthy and complex ship design process is assuring the integrity of the design data as it grows and is revised over time.
Planning for control of the design data requires a clear understanding of the design process and the interrelationships between the design tasks. Requirements are stated, problem areas are identified, and possible approaches for implementation are suggested.
A proposal for information systems design and management
Authors: Roland C. , Richard C. , Leifert S. 
Published: January 2007

This paper is a global presentation of solutions for IS design and management.
We believe that every solution proposed to a design problem implies
that the designer disposes of a design theoretical model, a language for specification, a design method and tools that help him to apply the design method.
We define such a quartet (model,language, method, tools) in order to
satisfy IS design and management. Furthermore the scope of the approach developed for IS design is to integrate the definition of the data structure, of the program structure and of the synchronization.
This paper is more model and language oriented.
Characterizations of parallelism in applications and their use in scheduling
Authors: Sevcik K. C. 
Published: January 2007

As multiprocessors with large numbers of processors become more prevalent, we face the task of developing scheduling algorithms for the multiprogrammed use of such machines. The scheduling decisions must take into account the number of processors available, the overall system load, and the ability of each application awaiting activation to make use of a given number of processors.
The parallelism within an application can be characterized at a number of different levels of detail. At the highest level, it might be characterized by a single parameter (such as the proportion of the application that is sequential, or the average number of processors the application would use if an unlimited number of processors were available). At the lowest level, representing all the parallelism in the application requires the full data dependency graph (which is more information than is practically manageable).
In this paper, we examine the quality of processor allocation decisions under multiprogramming that can be made with several different high-level characterizations of application parallelism. We demonstrate that decisions based on parallelism characterizations with two to four parameters are superior to those based on single-parameter characterizations (such as fraction sequential or average parallelism). The results are based predominantly on simulation, with some guidance from a simple analytic model.
One-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation of SSM/I Observations in Rainy Atmospheres at MSC
Authors: Deblonde G. , Mahfouf J-F. , Bilodeau B. , Anselmo D. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Currently, satellite radiances in the Canadian Meteorological Centre operational data assimilation system are only assimilated in clear skies. A two-step method, developed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, is considered to assimilate Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) observations in rainy atmospheres. The first step consists of a one-dimensional variational data assimilation (1DVAR) method. Model temperature and humidity profiles are adjusted by assimilating either SSM/I brightness temperatures or retrieved surface rain rates (derived from SSM/I brightness temperatures). In the second step, 1DVAR column-integrated water vapor analyses are assimilated in four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR). At the Meteorological Service of Canada, such a 1DVAR assimilation system has been developed. Model profiles are obtained from a research version of the Global Environmental Multi-Scale model. Several issues raised while developing the 1DVAR system are addressed. The impact of the size of the observation error is studied when brightness temperatures are assimilated. For two case studies, analyses are derived when either surface rain rate or brightness temperatures are assimilated. Differences in the analyzed fields between these configurations are discussed and shortcomings of each approach are identified. Results of sensitivity studies are also provided. First the impact of observation error correlation between channels is investigated. Second, the size of the background temperature error is varied to assess its impact on the analyzed column-integrated water vapor. Third, the importance of each moist physical scheme is investigated. Finally, the portability of moist physical schemes specifically developed for data assimilation is discussed.
Validation of an EnKF System for OGCM Initialization Assimilating Temperature, Salinity, and Surface Height Measurements
Authors: Leeuwenburgh Olwijn 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Results are presented from a decade-long assimilation run with a 64-member OGCM ensemble in a global configuration. The assimilation system can be used to produce ocean initial conditions for seasonal forecasts. The ensemble is constructed with the Max Planck Institute Ocean Model, where each member is forced by differently perturbed 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis atmospheric fields over sequential 10-day intervals. Along-track altimetric data from the European Remote Sensing and the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon satellites, as well as quality-controlled subsurface temperature and salinity profiles, are subsequently assimilated using the standard formulation of the ensemble Kalman filter. The applied forcing perturbation method and data selection and processing procedures are described, as well as a framework for the construction of appropriate data constraint error models for all three data types. The results indicate that the system is stable, does not experience a tendency toward ensemble collapse, and provides smooth analyses that are closer to withheld data than an unconstrained control run. Subsurface bias and time-dependent errors are reduced by the assimilation but not entirely removed. Time series of assimilation and ensemble statistics also indicate that the model is not very strongly constrained by the data because of an overspecification of the data errors. A comparison of equatorial zonal velocity profiles with in situ current meter data shows mixed results. A shift in the time-mean profile in the central Pacific is primarily associated with an assimilation-induced bias. The use of an adaptive bias correction scheme is suggested as a solution to this problem.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Supercell Rear-Flank Downdrafts from Project ANSWERS
Authors: Grzych Matthew L. , Lee Bruce D. , Finley Catherine A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractData collected during Project Analysis of the Near-Surface Wind and Environment along the Rear-flank of Supercells (ANSWERS) provided an opportunity to test recently published associations between rear-flank downdraft (RFD) thermodynamic characteristics and supercell tornadic activity on a set of 10 events from the northern plains. On average, RFDs associated with tornadic supercells had surface equivalent potential temperature and virtual potential temperature values only slightly lower than storm inflow values. RFDs associated with nontornadic supercells had mean group equivalent potential temperature and virtual potential temperature values that were colder relative to storm inflow values than their respective tornadic counterparts. Additionally, the analysis revealed that RFDs associated with tornadic supercells had higher CAPE and lower convective inhibition than the RFDs of nontornadic supercells, on average. The results of this study provide further support for the general concept that a thermodynamic delineation generally exists between the RFDs of tornadic and nontornadic supercells.
Group Psychotherapy for Parents of Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Gruber Ema N. , Kajević Milka , Agius Mark , Martić-Biočina Sanja 
Published: January 2007

Background: During a four-month period, the authors provided group psychotherapy combining psychodynamic, supportive and psycho-educational approaches. The aim was to investigate whether this approach would enable parents of patients with schizophrenia to re-establish their psychic balance and the balance of the whole family system by reducing high expressed emotion. Methods: The following tools were administered: a socio-cultural questionnaire, MMPI and PIE psychological tests and two questionnaires for group evaluation. Results: The socio-cultural questionnaire showed that the group of parents is heterogeneous. MMPI profiles showed truthful answers and well organized thinking; there were no psychopathological symptoms. The PIE test showed increased dimensions of sociability and trust. The dimensions of fear, sorrow and anger were decreased. Combinations of primary emotions (marked sociability and high self-protection) show that the parents are cautious, responsible and tend to feel guilt. The parents evaluated the group work as interesting and helpful and the group as a place where the parents can overcome the stigma of the disease that affects them, get information, find help and friends and find a way out of their social isolation. Conclusion: This combined approach changes the emotional profile of parents, reduces high expressed emotions (fear, sorrow and anger) in parents and helps re-establish their psychic balance and the balance of the whole family system.