bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus Vaccination and Intussusception: Can We Decrease Temporally Associated Background Cases of Intussusception by Restricting the Vaccination Schedule?
Authors: Tai Jennifer H. , Curns Aaron T. , Parashar Umesh D. , Bresee Joseph S. , Glass Roger I. 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVE. The first rotavirus vaccine that was licensed in the United States, RotaShield, could have prevented the enormous burden of rotavirus diarrhea in American children but left instead the unfortunate legacy that live oral rotavirus vaccines may be associated with a serious but rare adverse event: intussusception. Although large trials indicate that the next generation of rotavirus vaccines is not associated with this complication, many children likely will develop intussusception by chance alone in the 2-week window after immunization, raising concerns about whether these cases might be “caused” by the vaccine. Our objective for this study was to model and compare the number of temporally associated intussusception events that are expected by chance alone under 2 rotavirus vaccination strategies.
METHODS. We used national vaccine coverage rates and age-specific incidence of intussusception by months to model the number of temporally associated cases of intussusception that are expected by chance alone for 2 potential vaccination strategies: a strict schedule, limiting immunization to children within 1 month of the designated age for each dose (ie, 60–89, 120–149, and 180–209 days for doses 1, 2, and 3, respectively) versus a free schedule whereby infants are immunized whenever they appear for their routine vaccines up to 1 year of age.
RESULTS. The number of intussusception events during the 2-week postvaccination window was 24% lower for the strict versus the free schedule (138 vs 182, respectively). This reduction was attributable largely to the smaller number of infants who were immunized fully under the strict schedule (vaccine coverage for 3 doses, 67% vs 89%). The cumulative risk for intussusception's occurring by chance in the 2-week postvaccination window essentially was the same between schedules (4.59 vs 4.76 per 100000 doses). Most cases occurred after the second or third dose.
CONCLUSIONS. Although an age-restricted vaccination schedule substantially reduced the number of intussusception events that were observed in the 2-week postvaccination window when compared with a schedule with fewer restrictions, this decrease was attributable to a lower rate of vaccine coverage rather than a safer schedule of vaccination. The risk for intussusception did not differ significantly between vaccination strategies. Public health policy and education messages for physicians and parents should be developed to anticipate intussusception events that will occur by chance alone but are temporally related to rotavirus vaccination.
Does Maternal Control During Feeding Moderate Early Infant Weight Gain?
Authors: Farrow Claire , Blissett Jackie 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVE. Our objective with this study was to examine whether observed maternal control during feeding at 6 months of age moderates the development of early infant weight gain during the first year of life.METHODS. Sixty-nine women were observed feeding their 6-month-old infants during a standard meal. Mealtimes were coded for maternal use of controlling feeding behavior. All infants were weighed at birth and at 6 and 12 months of age, and weight gain was calculated from birth to 6 months and from 6 to 12 months. Weight scores and weight gain scores were standardized for prematurity, age, and gender.RESULTS. Infant weight gain between 6 and 12 months of age was predicted by an interaction between early infant weight gain (birth to 6 months) and observed maternal control during feeding at 6 months. When maternal control was moderate or low, there was a significant interaction with weight gain from birth to 6 months in the prediction of later infant weight gain from 6 to 12 months, such that infants who showed slow early weight gain accelerated in their subsequent weight gain, and those with greater early weight gain decelerated. Conversely, when maternal control was high, infant weight gain followed the opposite pattern.CONCLUSION. Maternal control of solid feeding can moderate infant weight gain.
How Safe Is Triage by an After-Hours Telephone Call Center?
Authors: Kempe Allison , Bunik Maya , Ellis Jennifer , Magid David , Hegarty Teresa , Dickinson L. Miriam , Steiner John F. 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVES. Our goals were to assess (1) compliance with nurse disposition recommendations, (2) frequency of death or potential underreferral associated with hospitalization within 24 hours after a call, and (3) factors associated with potential underreferral, for children receiving care within an integrated health care delivery organization who were triaged by a pediatric after-hours call center.METHODS. The study population included all pediatric patients enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Colorado whose families called the Children's Hospital after-hours call center in Denver, Colorado, during the period between October 1, 1999, and March 31, 2003. Postcall disposition recommendations were categorized as urgent (visit within 4 hours), next day (visit in &gt;4 hours but within 24 hours), later visit (visit in &gt;24 hours), or home care (care at home without a visit). Compliance with the nurses’ triage disposition recommendations was calculated as the proportion of cases for which utilization data matched the disposition recommendations.RESULTS. Of the 32968 eligible calls during the study period, 21% received urgent, 27% next day, 4% later visit, and 48% home care disposition recommendations. Rates of compliance with both urgent and home care disposition recommendations were 74%, and the rate of compliance with next day recommendations was 44%. No deaths occurred within &lt;1 week after the after-hours calls. The rate of potential underreferral with subsequent hospitalization was 0.2%, or 1 case per 599 triaged calls. In multivariate modeling, age of &lt;6 weeks or &gt;12 years and being triaged after 11 pm were associated with higher rates of potential under-referral.CONCLUSIONS. Approximately three fourths of families complied with recommendations for their child to be evaluated urgently or to be treated at home, with much lower rates of compliance with intermediate dispositions. The rate of potential underreferral with hospitalization was low, and age and time of call triage were associated with this outcome.
Increased Rates of Morbidity, Mortality, and Charges for Hospitalized Children With Public or No Health Insurance as Compared With Children With Private Insurance in Colorado and the United States
Authors: Todd James , Armon Carl , Griggs Anne , Poole Steven , Berman Stephen 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND. There has been a gradual decrease in the proportion of children covered by private health insurance in Colorado and the United States with a commensurate increase in those with public insurance or having no insurance which may impact access to care and outcomes.OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to determine whether children with public or no health insurance have differences in hospital admission rates, morbidity, mortality, and/or charges that might be improved if standards of primary care comparable to those of children with private insurance could be achieved.METHODS. We conducted a retrospective comparison of hospitalization-related outcomes for children &lt;18 years of age in Colorado from 1995–2003 and in the United States in 2000. Population-based rates for hospital admission were determined stratified by age, race/ethnicity, disease grouping, and health insurance status.RESULTS. Compared with those with private insurance, children in Colorado and the United States with public or no insurance have significantly higher rates of total hospital admission, as well as admission for chronic illness, asthma, diabetes, vaccine-preventable disease, psychiatric disease, and ruptured appendix. These children have higher mortality rates, higher severity of illness, are more likely to be admitted through the emergency department and have significantly higher hospital charges per insured child. Higher hospitalization rates occur in children who are nonwhite and/or Hispanic and those who are younger. If children with public or no health insurance in the United States in 2000 had the same hospitalization outcomes as children with private insurance, $5.3 billion in hospital charges could have been saved.CONCLUSIONS. There is an opportunity to achieve improved health outcomes and decreased hospitalization costs for children with public or no health insurance if private insurance standards of health care could be achieved for all US children.
A Randomized, Prospective, Comparison Study of Polyethylene Glycol 3350 Without Electrolytes and Milk of Magnesia for Children With Constipation and Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Loening-Baucke Vera , Pashankar Dinesh S. 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVE. Our aim was to compare 2 laxatives, namely, polyethylene glycol 3350 without electrolytes and milk of magnesia, evaluating the efficacy, safety, acceptance, and 1-year outcomes.METHODS. Seventy-nine children with chronic constipation and fecal incontinence were assigned randomly to receive polyethylene glycol or milk of magnesia and were treated for 12 months in tertiary care pediatric clinics. Children were counted as improved or recovered depending on resolution of constipation, fecal incontinence, and abdominal pain after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. An intent-to-treat analysis was used. Safety was assessed with evaluation of clinical adverse effects and blood tests.RESULTS. Thirty-nine children were assigned randomly to receive polyethylene glycol and 40 to receive milk of magnesia. At each follow-up visit, significant improvement was seen in both groups, with significant increases in the frequency of bowel movements, decreases in the frequency of incontinence episodes, and resolution of abdominal pain. Compliance rates were 95% for polyethylene glycol and 65% for milk of magnesia. After 12 months, 62% of polyethylene glycol-treated children and 43% of milk of magnesia-treated children exhibited improvement, and 33% of polyethylene glycol-treated children and 23% of milk of magnesia-treated children had recovered. Polyethylene glycol and milk of magnesia did not cause clinically significant side effects or blood abnormalities, except that 1 child was allergic to polyethylene glycol.CONCLUSIONS. In this randomized study, polyethylene glycol and milk of magnesia were equally effective in the long-term treatment of children with constipation and fecal incontinence. Polyethylene glycol was safe for the long-term treatment of these children and was better accepted by the children than milk of magnesia.
Fetal Tricuspid Valve Size and Growth as Predictors of Outcome in Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum
Authors: Salvin Joshua W. , McElhinney Doff B. , Colan Steven D. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , del Nido Pedro J. , Jenkins Kathy J. , Lock James E. , Tworetzky Wayne 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVE. Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is a complex congenital cardiovascular anomaly that frequently requires single ventricle palliation. Fetal diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is common, but the natural history of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum diagnosed in midgestation, predictors of neonatal anatomy, and predictors of biventricular repair have not been determined. The objective of this study was to determine whether the size and rate of growth of the fetal tricuspid valve predict neonatal anatomy and biventricular repair.
DESIGN AND RESULTS. Twenty-three fetuses diagnosed with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum between 1990 and 2004 were studied. Of 13 fetuses with a midgestation fetal tricuspid valve z score ≤−3, 1 achieved biventricular repair, compared with 5 of 5 with a tricuspid valve z score &gt;−3. Of 13 fetuses with a midgestation fetal tricuspid valve z score ≤−3, 8 were diagnosed postnatally with a right ventricular dependent coronary circulation, compared with none with a tricuspid valve z score &gt;−3. Midgestation and late gestation fetal tricuspid valve z scores correlated with neonatal tricuspid valve z score. The average rate of tricuspid valve growth between mid- and late fetal echocardiograms was significantly lower in patients who did not achieve biventricular repair than in those who did (0.012 ± 0.008 cm per week vs 0.028 ± 0.014 cm per week).
CONCLUSIONS. Fetal tricuspid valve z score and rate of growth predict postnatal outcome in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. These findings may have important implications for prenatal counseling and selection of patients for fetal pulmonary valve dilation.
Assessment of Treatment Responses to Dental Flossing in Twins
Authors: Biesbrock Aaron , Corby Patricia M.A. , Bartizek Robert , Corby Andrea L. , Coelho Mania , Costa Simone , Bretz Walter A.G. , Bretz Walter A. 
Published: August 2006

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess treatment responses to dental flossing in twins.Methods: The study was a two‐treatment, examiner‐blind, randomized, parallel group, controlled study. Fifty‐one twin pairs between 12 and 21 years of age were randomized to a 2‐week supervised and unsupervised treatment regimen consisting of 1) tongue brushing and toothbrushing (TB) and 2) TB + flossing (TB+Fl). Clinical endpoints were gingival bleeding (papillary bleeding score [PBS]) and oral malodor (levels of volatile sulfur compounds [VSC]). Analysis of variance and covariance methodologies were employed to analyze the data.Results: Baseline average PBS values were 1.352 and 1.342 for the TB+Fl and TB groups, respectively (P = 0.937). After 2 weeks of treatment, the TB+Fl group had a statistically significant decrease in PBS values of 0.558 (41.5% versus baseline), whereas the TB group showed no improvement from baseline. The change from baseline for the TB+Fl group was superior to that for the TB group (P <0.001). Similar findings were observed for the number of baseline papillary bleeding sites. Baseline average intraoral halimeter values were 45.91 and 41.75 for the TB+Fl and TB groups, respectively (P = 0.504). Both treatment regimens demonstrated highly statistically significant reductions in intraoral breath values versus baseline (all P <0.001), and the difference between treatment groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.339). Similar findings were found for expired air.Conclusions: In a well‐matched twin cohort, tongue and toothbrushing plus flossing significantly decreased gingival bleeding after 2 weeks.
Short Dental Implants in Posterior Partial Edentulism: A Multicenter Retrospective 6‐Year Case Series Study
Authors: Misch Carl E. , Steigenga Jennifer , Barboza Eliane , Misch‐Dietsh Francine , Cianciola Louis J. , Kazor Christopher 
Published: August 2006

Background: Implants <10 mm long in the posterior regions of partially edentulous patients have a higher failure rate in many clinical reports. The purpose of this case series study was to evaluate implant survival when a biomechanical approach was used to decrease stress to the bone‐implant interface.Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 273 consecutive posterior partially edentulous patients treated with 745 implants, 7 or 9 mm long, supporting 338 restorations over a 1‐ to 5‐year period was reviewed from four private offices. Implant survival data were collected relative to stage I to stage II healing, stage II to prosthesis delivery, and prosthesis delivery to as long as 6 years follow‐up. A biomechanical approach to decrease stress to the posterior implants included splinting implants together with no cantilever load, restoring the patient with a mutually protected or canine guidance occlusion, and selecting an implant designed to increase bone‐implant contact surface area.Results: Of the 745 implants inserted, there were six surgical failures from stage I to stage II healing. All five failures were with a one‐stage surgical approach (240 implants). There were two failures from stage II healing to prosthesis delivery. No implants failed after the 338 final implant prostheses were delivered. A 98.9% survival rate was obtained from stage I surgery to prosthetic follow‐up.Conclusions: Short‐length implants may predictably be used to support fixed restorations in the posterior partial edentulism. Methods to decrease biomechanical stress to the bone‐implant interface appear appropriate for this treatment.
Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Mealey Brian L. , Oates Thomas W. 
Published: August 2006

Background: The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with practical knowledge concerning the relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. Over 200 articles have been published in the English literature over the past 50 years examining the relationship between these two chronic diseases. Data interpretation is often confounded by varying definitions of diabetes and periodontitis and different clinical criteria applied to prevalence, extent, and severity of periodontal diseases, levels of glycemic control, and complications associated with diabetes.Methods: This article provides a broad overview of the predominant findings from research published in English over the past 20 years, with reference to certain “classic” articles published prior to that time.Results: This article describes current diagnostic and classification criteria for diabetes and answers the following questions: 1) Does diabetes affect the risk of periodontitis, and does the level of metabolic control of diabetes have an impact on this relationship? 2) Do periodontal diseases affect the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus or the metabolic control of diabetes? 3) What are the mechanisms by which these two diseases interrelate? and 4) How do people with diabetes and periodontal disease respond to periodontal treatment?Conclusions: Diabetes increases the risk of periodontal diseases, and biologically plausible mechanisms have been demonstrated in abundance. Less clear is the impact of periodontal diseases on glycemic control of diabetes and the mechanisms through which this occurs. Inflammatory periodontal diseases may increase insulin resistance in a way similar to obesity, thereby aggravating glycemic control. Further research is needed to clarify this aspect of the relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes.
Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on vitellogenesis in trypanorhynch cestode Dollfusiella spinulifera Beveridge, Neifar et Euzet, 2004 (Eutetrarhynchidae)
Authors: Świderski Zdzisław , Miquel Jordi , Młocicki Daniel , Neifar Lassad , Grytner-Zięcina Barbara , Mackiewicz John 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe first description of vitellogenesis in the Trypanorhyncha is presented in this paper. Though the type of vitellogenesis and mature vitellocyte in Dollfusiella spinulifera appear to be unique among the Eucestoda, to some extent they resemble that observed in the lower cestodes, namely the Tetraphyllidea and Pseudophyllidea. Maturation is characterized by: (1) an increase in cell volume; (2) extensive development of large, parallel, frequently concentric cisternae of GER that produce proteinaceous granules; (3) development of Golgi complexes engaged in packaging this material; (4) continuous enlargement of proteinaceous granules within vesicles and their transformation into shell globule clusters; and (5) progressive fusion of all vesicles, with flocculent material containing the proteinaceous granules and shell globule clusters, into a single very large vesicle that characterises mature vitellocytes of this tapeworm. Cell inclusions in and around the large vesicle consist of flocculent material of a very low density, a few shell globule clusters, moderately dense proteinaceous granules and numerous large droplets of unsaturated lipids. A new previously unreported mode of transformation of proteinaceous granules into shell globule clusters, that evidently differs from that of pseudophyllideans and tetraphyllideans, is described. Cytochemical staining with periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate for polysaccharides indicates a strongly positive reaction for membrane-bound glycoproteins in all membranous structures such as GER, mitochondria, Golgi complexes, nuclear and cell plasma membranes. Similar staining revealed β-glycogen particles scattered in the cytoplasm of maturing vitellocytes. Typical cytoplasmic β-glycogen particles appear mainly during early vitellocyte maturation but it is characteristic for this species that they are only seldom visible in mature cells. Some working hypotheses concerning the interrelationship between this particular pattern of vitellogensis, possible mode of egg formation in D. spinulifera, its embryonic development and trypanorhynchean life cycle, are drawn and discussed.
Influence of metal oxides in the colorimetric determination of acid volatile sulfide in sediments
Authors: Oliveira Janaina L. , Eugênio Alessandra , Rodrigues de Azevedo Júlio C. , Nozaki Jorge 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe sediment of Lagoa dos Patos‐MS, Brazil, was investigated to verify the influence of metal sulfides and oxyhydroxides of Mn and Fe on the heavy metal availability. The spectrophotometric method of methylene blue was used, with 8 interlinked tubes containing the samples with SnCl2, where N2 was introduced to release the H2S extracted with 6.0 mol L–1 HCl, and trapped in 0.05 M NaOH solution. The influence of SO42–, Mn(IV) and Fe(III) oxyhydroxides was investigated with samples constituted by a mixture of MnO2; Na2SO4; FeCl3, and sediments. The presence of SnCl2 was very important to avoid the interferences of iron and manganese oxyhydroxides. The method of standard addition was applied and the efficiency was (100.8 ± 9.4)%. The ratio among the quantities of metals potentially available and the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) indicate that the system presents small metals availability to the benthic community, by the existence of sulfide capable to immobilize the metal as insoluble sulfide.