bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy study of the degradation of polyester and polyester/ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer blend coatings on steel
Authors: de Freitas Cunha Lins Vanessa , Cury Flávia Medina , Moreira Roberto 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThermally sprayed polymer coatings have been used as protection against corrosion and wear. The aim of this study was to produce coated steel with a blend film with low‐velocity combustion thermal spraying and a fusion technique and to evaluate its chemical degradation with infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The substrate used was carbon steel coated with recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), an ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer (EMAA), or PET–EMAA blends. The degradation of the material was evaluated with an ultraviolet condensation–weathering test and a salt‐spray test. Measurements of hardness and adhesion were carried out. The tribological properties of the polymeric films were evaluated with a pin‐on‐disc test. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Electrical and thermal studies of the distribution of carbon black in a polyester matrix in the presence of aluminum oxide
Authors: Mansour S. H. , Abd‐El‐Messieh S. L. , Abd‐El‐Nour K. N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe distribution of a filler in a polymeric matrix is one of the most important factors affecting the physical properties of the final product. For this reason, the main objective of this study was to introduce aluminum oxide (Al2O3), acting as a dispersing agent, to reduce the filler–filler interaction and enhance the filler–polymer interaction. To achieve this aim, the electrical behavior of a styrenated polyester resin filled with different amounts of high‐abrasion furnace black in the presence of 5% Al2O3 was studied in the vicinity of the percolation threshold to evaluate the effect of the addition of Al2O3 in an attempt to reduce the filler–filler interaction through the polyester matrix. At a certain concentration of carbon black, an abrupt increase was noticed through electrical conductivity, permittivity, and dielectric loss investigations. With this increase, the tendency of conductive chain formation increased through the aggregation of a carbon black particle network. The addition of 5% Al2O3 improved the filler distribution by lowering the aggregate size and consequently enhanced the formation of the network. From the Arrhenius temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity, the activation energy and pre‐exponential factor were obtained, and they confirmed the validity of the compensation law for the semiconducting composite systems. The composites were also analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. Al2O3 improved the thermal stability of the composites in comparison with that of a sample free of Al2O3. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Melt rheology of polypropylene reinforced with polyaniline‐coated short glass fibers
Authors: Romero‐Guzmán María Eugenia , Romo‐Uribe Angel , González Agustín E. , Cruz‐Silva Rodolfo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis research deals with the melt rheology of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) reinforced with short glass fibers (SGF) coated with electrically conductive polyaniline (PAn). Composites containing 10, 20, and 30 wt % PAn‐SGF were studied. Moreover, a composite of 30 wt % PAn‐SGF was also prepared with a blend of iPP and PP‐grafted‐maleic anhydride (iPP/PP‐gMA). The composites showed linear viscoelastic regime at small strain amplitudes. The onset of nonlinearity decreased as the concentration of filler increased. The time‐temperature superposition principle applied to all composites. The filler increased the shear moduli (G′, G″) and the complex viscosity η*. Steady‐state shear experiments showed yield stress for the composites with 20 and 30 wt % PAn‐SGF. Strikingly, the 10 wt % composite showed higher steady state viscosity than the 20 wt %. Rheo‐optics showed that shear induced disorder of microfibers at a concentration of 10 wt %. However, at 20 wt % concentration shear aligned the microfibers along the flow axis, this would explain the anomalous steady state viscosity values. The viscosity exhibited a shear thinning behavior at high shear rates for all composites. Creep experiments showed that the filler induced greater strain recovery in the composites and that the amount of strain recovery increased as the PAn‐SGF concentration increased. However, the enhancement of strain recovery (as well as shear viscosity) was more significant when using the iPP/PP‐gMA blend, suggesting greater adhesion between this matrix and the filler PAn‐SGF. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Transcriptional expression of bursicon and novel bursicon‐regulated genes in the house fly Musca domestica
Authors: Wang Songjie , An Shiheng , Song Qisheng 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBursicon is a neuropeptide that regulates cuticle sclerotization (hardening and tanning) via a G protein–coupled receptor. It consists of two subunits, an alpha and a beta. In the present study, we investigated the transcriptional expression and in situ localization of bursicon α and β in the central nerve system of the house fly Musca domestica. Most importantly, we identified two novel bursicon‐regulated genes using recombinant bursicon (rbursicon) heterodimer in a neck‐ligated house fly assay. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that both bursicon α and β subunits were present in the central nerve system of larval and pupal stages, reached the maximal level in pharate adults, and declined sharply after adult emergence, suggesting the release of the hormone upon adult emergence. In situ localization of bursicon transcripts showed that both bursicon α and β transcripts were expressed in a set of neurosecretory cells (NSCs) in the thoracic‐abdominal ganglia of M. domestica. Two Drosophila melanogaster homologous genes, designated CG7985hh and CG30287hh, were up‐regulated by rbursicon in a time‐dependent manner and verified by real‐time PCR, implying their involvement in the cuticle tanning process. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reaction of 1,6‐Enynes with Arylboronic Acids through β‐Hydride Elimination/Hydrorhodation Sequence
Authors: Shimada Masahiko , Harumashi Tatsuro , Miura Tomoya , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMethoxy‐substituted 1,6‐enynes react with arylboronic acids in the presence of a rhodium(I) complex to give arylated cyclization products. This occurs by a multi‐step mechanism consisting of rhodium/boron transmetalation, intermolecular carborhodation, intramolecular carborhodation, β‐hydride elimination, hydrorhodation, and β‐oxygen elimination. A shift of the position of a carbon–carbon double bond is observed, suggesting that the β‐hydride elimination/hydrorhodation process is repeatedly taking place.
Characteristics of rapidly formed hydrogen‐producing granules and biofilms
Authors: Zhang Zhen‐Peng , Adav Sunil S. , Show Kuan‐Yeow , Tay Joo‐Hwa , Liang David Tee , Lee Duu‐Jong , Su Ay 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of rapidly formed hydrogen‐producing granules and biofilms were evaluated in the present study. Microbial species composition was examined using the 16S rDNA‐based separation and sequencing techniques, and spatial distribution and internal structure of microbial components were evaluated by examining the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that a pure culture of Clostridium pasteurianum‐like bacterium (98% similarity) was found in microbial community of granules and biofilms. It is postulated that containing such a species favored the rapid immobilization of hydrogen‐producing culture. Manure granules and biofilms secreted 24–35 mg extracellulous proteins and 142–175 mg extracellulous polysaccharides in each gram of culture (in VSS). Such a high productivity of extracellulous polymers (ECP), a bio‐glue to facilitate cell‐to‐cell and/or cell‐to‐substratum interaction, may work as the driving forces for the immobilization of C. pasteurianum. As abundant proteins were noted in the granule cores, it can be derived that rapid formation of the hydrogen‐producing granules could be due to the establishment of precursor protein‐rich microbial nuclei. Biotechnol. Bioeng. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construction of a fluorescein‐responsive chimeric receptor with strict ligand dependency
Authors: Liu Wenhai , Kawahara Masahiro , Ueda Hiroshi , Nagamune Teruyuki 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSince many cell functions are regulated by members of the cytokine receptor superfamily, the artificial mimicry of the cytokine receptor system would be attractive for cellular engineering. We previously showed that an antibody/cytokine receptor chimera can transduce a growth signal in response to non‐natural ligands, such as fluorescein‐conjugated BSA. However, considerable background of cell proliferation was observed without antigen. Therefore, we redesigned chimeric receptor constructs with different combinations of domains containing anti‐fluorescein single chain Fv (ScFv), extracellular D1/D2 as well as transmembrane domains of erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), and the intracellular domain of glycoprotein 130 (gp130), to obtain strictly fluorescein‐dependent chimeric receptors. When interleukin‐3‐dependent Ba/F3 cells were transduced with retroviral vectors encoding individual chimeric receptors, the chimeras either with both D1 and D2 domains or without any EpoR extracellular domain attained a strict ligand‐dependent ON/OFF regulation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calculations of gas phase 1H NMR chemical shifts of alcohols: An approach to optimize basis functions using factorial design
Authors: Tafazzoli Mohsen , Shaghaghi Hoora , Jalali‐Heravi Mehdi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe wave functions for calculating gas phase 1H chemical shifts of primary and secondary alcohols have been optimized using factorial design as multivariate technique. Gas‐phase experimental 1H chemical shifts of 18 alcohols were used to establish the best levels of theory for obtaining 1H chemical shift, among them the new experimental values of 1H chemical shifts of 10 alcohols were obtained in our laboratory. HF/6‐31G(d,p) wave function is proposed as the best level of theory for calculating 1H chemical shifts of primary alcohols. For secondary alcohols, ONIOM(B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p): HF/6‐31G(d,p)) are recommended. An additional series of primary and secondary alcohols were used as test sets and their results confirmed the validity of approaches. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A: 157–167, 2008.
Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in spinal cord injury
Authors: Ellingson Benjamin M. , Schmit Brian D. , Ulmer John L. , Kurpad Shekar N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNoninvasive assessment of spinal cord integrity following injury is critical for precise diagnosis, prognosis, and surgical intervention strategies. Diffusion weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging are more sensitive to the underlying spinal cord microstructure than traditional imaging techniques. As a result, diffusion imaging is emerging as the clinical technique for imaging the spinal cord after trauma, surgery or during progressive degenerative diseases. This review describes the basic physics of diffusion imaging using magnetic resonance, techniques used to visualize diffusion measurements, and expected changes in diffusion measurements following spinal cord injury. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Concepts Magn Reson Part A 32A: 219–237, 2008.
Cytotoxicity and antibody binding by flow cytometry: A single assay to simultaneously assess two parameters
Authors: Saw Chee L. , Bray Robert A. , Gebel Howard M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground:Cell death, as determined by complement‐dependent cytotoxicity or antibody binding, as assessed by flow cytometry, are the two main methods histocompatibility laboratories use to identify HLA antibodies. Conventional cytotoxicity assays, even anti‐human globulin (AHG) enhanced, are relatively insensitive, subjective and require complement fixation. In contrast, antibody binding assays (e.g.: flow cytometry crossmatch, FCXM) are sensitive, objective, and complement independent. When sera from potential transplant recipients test positive by both methods, most centers would not proceed to transplant unless patients undergo desensitization. However, when the CDC crossmatch is negative but the FCXM positive, how or whether to proceed is controversial. Frequently, both assays are performed.Methods:In this study, we developed a comprehensive procedure that determines cell death, and antibody binding in a single assay: the cytotoxic flow crossmatch (cFCXM). The assay was validated in parallel studies with two other conventional methodologies, namely AHG and FCXM.Results:Using a combination of eight cells and 15 sera, we have determined an optimal method for the simultaneous detection of HLA antibody binding and cytotoxicity using a single platform. Additionally, we have identified three distinct patterns of HLA antibody reactivity: (1) AHGpos/cFCXMpos/FCXMpos, (2) AHGneg/cFCXMneg/FCXMpos, and (3) a previously unrecognized category, namely, AHGneg/cFCXMpos/FCXMpos.Conclusions:These studies document that cytotoxicity and antibody binding can be simultaneously assessed and marks the first demonstration of complement‐dependent HLA antibodies undetectable by conventional cytotoxicity. Routine application of this assay may provide new insights regarding transplantation of patients presenting as AHGneg/FCXMpos by classifying them according to their cFCXM status. © 2008 Clinical Cytometry Society
The clinical significance of amenorrhea as a diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Roberto Christina A. , Steinglass Joanna , Mayer Laurel E.S. , Attia Evelyn , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective:Amenorrhea is a DSM‐IV criterion for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN). Several studies have reported few differences between patients who meet the full DSM‐IV criteria for AN and those who meet all but the amenorrhea criterion. Although this suggests that the absence of menses does not provide critical diagnostic information, many of these studies are limited by small sample sizes. This study aims to examine the clinical utility of amenorrhea as a criterion for the diagnosis of AN.Method:A chart review was conducted of 240 consecutive patients admitted for inpatient treatment at the NY State Psychiatric Institute from 1993 to 2006. Menstrual data were collected from the Eating Disorder Examination conducted upon admission. Independent samples t‐tests were performed to evaluate differences in clinical variables, including age, lifetime lowest body mass index (BMI), admission and discharge BMI, previous number of hospitalizations, duration of illness, Beck Depression Inventory total score, Beck Anxiety Inventory total score, and Eating Disorder Examination subscale scores.Results:The amenorrheic and menstruating groups differed significantly only on lowest lifetime BMI and admission BMI, with individuals with amenorrhea having lower BMIs on both measures.Conclusion:These results indicate that amenorrhea does not distinguish between groups on a number of important measures of clinical severity. It may be that amenorrhea reflects weight and nutritional status, rather than providing useful diagnostic information. Future studies are needed to examine the potential prognostic value of menstrual status. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase at Carbon Nanotube‐gold Colloid Modified Electrode with Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Coating
Authors: Yao Yan‐Li , Shiu Kwok‐Keung 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGlucose oxidase showed direct electrochemical transfer at glassy carbon electrodes immobilized with carbon nanotube‐gold colloid (CNT‐Au) composites with poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) coatings. The modified electrode (GC/CNT/Au/PDDA‐GOD) was employed for the amperometric determination of glucose. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor displayed linear response to glucose from 0.5 to 5 mM with a sensitivity of 2.50 mA M−1 at an applied potential of −0.3 V (vs. Ag|AgCl reference).
Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Oxalate at a Positively Charged Boron‐Doped Diamond Surface
Authors: Kondo Takeshi , Niwano Yu , Tamura Akira , Ivandini Tribidasari A. , Einaga Yasuaki , Tryk Donald A. , Fujishima Akira , Kawai Takeshi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAllyltriethylammonium bromide (ATAB) was covalently attached to the surface of hydrogen‐terminated boron‐doped diamond (BDD) thin films using a photochemical method to fabricate positively charged electrode surfaces. The anodic current for oxalate oxidation both in cyclic voltammetry and in flow‐injection analysis with amperometry was found to be up to two times larger at ATAB‐modified BDD (ATAB‐BDD) than at an unmodified BDD electrode, which may be based on the electrostatic interaction between the oxalate anion and the electrode surface. In addition, the stability of the electrochemical detection of oxalate was improved at the ATAB‐BDD electrode compared to the unmodified electrode.
Valuation of floating range notes in a LIBOR market model
Authors: Wu Ting‐Pin , Chen Son‐Nan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study derives an approximate pricing formula of floating range notes (FRNs) within the multifactor LIBOR market model (LMM) framework. The LMM features the ease for calibration procedure, and the resulting pricing formula is more tractable. In addition, since the underlying rate of FRNs is usually the LIBOR rate, the pricing of the FRNs under the LMM is more direct and full of intuition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:697–710, 2008
In search of the convexity adjustment: Evidence from the sterling futures and IMM FRA markets
Authors: Poskitt Russell 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study examines daily and intraday data on sterling interest rate futures and IMM forward rate agreement (FRA) contracts for evidence of the convexity adjustment in FRA quotes. The futures/FRA differential is marginally negative, contrary to the predictions of convexity models. Standard statistical tests confirm that the futures/FRA differential does not differ between contract maturities. Regression analysis also fails to find any support for the predicted positive relationships between the differential and the term to settlement and volatility of interest rates. These results suggest that dealers in the sterling FRA market do not price convexity into quotes on FRA contracts. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:617–633, 2008
The valuation of inflation‐indexed and FX convertible bonds
Authors: Landskroner Yoram , Raviv Alon 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper derives a valuation model of inflation‐indexed convertible bonds that incorporates the firm's stock price, inflation indexing and the firm's credit risk. The pricing of inflation‐indexed convertible bonds traded on the Tel‐Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) was empirically tested by using a comprehensive database. The study is the first to empirically test the pricing of convertibles in emerging markets. It was found that the theoretical values for the bonds are, on average, 1.94% higher than the observed market prices. Unlike previous studies, it was found that the underpricing increases with the moneyness of the convertible. It was found that as the maturity lengthens, the underpricing increases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:634–655, 2008
Endogenous brain fluctuations and diagnostic imaging
Authors: Kiviniemi Vesa 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMuch of the rising health care costs in aging populations can be attributed to congenital disease and psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Early detection of changes related to these diseases can promote the development of new therapeutic strategies and effective treatments. Changes in tissue, such as damage resulting from continued functional abnormality, often exhibit a time‐delay before detection is possible. Methods for detecting functional alterations in endogenous brain fluctuations allow for an early diagnosis before tissue damage occurs, enabling early treatment and a more likely positive outcome. A literature review and comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge about endogenous brain fluctuations is presented here. Recent findings of the association between various pathological conditions and endogenous fluctuations are discussed. A particular emphasis is placed on research showing the relationship between clinical measures and pathological findings to the dynamics of endogenous fluctuations of the brain. Recent discoveries of methods for detecting abnormal functional connectivity are discussed and future research directions explored. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The power of spectral density analysis for mapping endogenous BOLD signal fluctuations
Authors: Duff Eugene P. , Johnston Leigh A. , Xiong Jinhu , Fox Peter T. , Mareels Iven , Egan Gary F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFMRI has revealed the presence of correlated low‐frequency cerebro‐vascular oscillations within functional brain systems, which are thought to reflect an intrinsic feature of large‐scale neural activity. The spatial correlations shown by these fluctuations has been their identifying feature, distinguishing them from fluctuations associated with other processes. Major analysis methods characterize these correlations, identifying networks and their interactions with various factors. However, other analysis approaches are required to fully characterize the regional signal dynamics contributing to these correlations between regions. In this study we show that analysis of the power spectral density (PSD) of regional signals can identify changes in oscillatory dynamics across conditions, and is able to characterize the nature and spatial extent of signal changes underlying changes in measures of connectivity. We analyzed spectral density changes in sessions consisting of both resting‐state scans and scans recording 2 min blocks of continuous unilateral finger tapping and rest. We assessed the relationship of PSD and connectivity measures by additionally tracking correlations between selected motor regions. Spectral density gradually increased in gray and white matter during the experiment. Finger tapping produced widespread decreases in low‐frequency spectral density. This change was symmetric across the cortex, and extended beyond both the lateralized task‐related signal increases, and the established “resting‐state” motor network. Correlations between motor regions also reduced with task performance. In conclusion, analysis of PSD is a sensitive method for detecting and characterizing BOLD signal oscillations that can enhance the analysis of network connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.