bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localising pulsations in the hard X-ray and microwave emission of an X-class flare
Authors: Collier Hannah , Hayes Laura A. , Yu Sijie , Battaglia Andrea F. , Ashfield William , Polito Vanessa , Harra Louise K. , Krucker Säm 
Published: February 2024

Aims. The aim of this work is to identify the mechanism driving pulsations in hard X-ray (HXR) and microwave emission during solar flares. Using combined HXR and microwave observations from Solar Orbiter/STIX and EOVSA, we investigate an X1.3 GOES class flare, 2022-03-30T17:21:00, which displays pulsations on timescales evolving from ∼7 s in the impulsive phase to ∼35 s later in the flare.
Methods. We analysed the temporal, spatial, and spectral evolution of the HXR and microwave pulsations during the impulsive phase of the flare. We reconstructed images for individual peaks in the impulsive phase and performed spectral fitting at high cadence throughout the first phase of pulsations.
Results. Our imaging analysis demonstrates that the HXR and microwave emission originates from multiple sites along the flare ribbons. The brightest sources and the location of the emission change in time. Through HXR spectral analysis, the electron spectral index is found to be anti-correlated with the HXR flux, showing a “soft-hard-soft” spectral index evolution for each pulsation. The timing of the associated filament eruption coincides with the early impulsive phase.
Conclusions. Our results indicate that periodic acceleration and/or injection of electrons from multiple sites along the flare arcade is responsible for the pulsations observed in HXR and microwave emission. The evolution of pulsation timescales is likely a result of changes in the 3D magnetic field configuration over time related to the associated filament eruption.
Der kontralaterale C7 Transfer
Authors: Bahm Jörg , Beier Justus P. , Schäfer Benedikt 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungKomplexe Verletzungen des Plexus brachialis mit multiplen oder vollständigen
Ausrissen der Wurzeln machen in einigen Fällen eine Rekonstruktion unter
Verwendung intraplexaler Spendernerven unmöglich. In solchen Fällen ist es
erforderlich, dass man sich extraplexischer Nervenspender bedient, wie
beispielsweise des N. accessorius oder der Intercostalnerven. Die kontralaterale
C7-Wurzel stellt einen Spender mit einer hohen Axonzahl dar, die in solchen
Fällen als Axonquelle herangezogen werden kann. Wir beschreiben die aktuelle
Indikationsstellung, Operationstechnik und funktionelle Resultate nach einem
kontralateralem C7-Transfer bei Plexusläsionen der oberen Extremität anhand
eigener Fallbeispiele und einer spezifischen Literaturrecherche.
Assessment of Efficacy and Complications of Endovascular Interventions for Critical Limb Ischemia in Germany: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Bastian Moritz B. , Scheschenja Michael , Wessendorf Joel , König Alexander Marc , Jedelská Jarmila , Nadjiri Jonathan , Mahnken Andreas H. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose Endovascular interventional radiological procedures have become the mainstay for the treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI) due to arterial stenosis or occlusion. Open surgical or endovascular procedures, such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or stenting can be used as a treatment strategy. The aim is to evaluate the success and major complication rates of interventional radiology treatments for CLI in Germany in 2021, and to compare these results with internationally published data.
Materials and Methods Data for PTA and stenting in CLI for 2021 was obtained from the quality management system of the German Society of Interventional Radiology (DeGIR). 16 393 PTA procedures, 701 stenting procedures, and 8110 combined procedures were documented for 2021. Data was analyzed for technical and clinical success rates, as well as major complication rates documented mainly as major bleeding, distal embolization, and aneurysm formation.
Results PTA had technical and clinical success rates of 96.3 % and 92.33 %, respectively. Stenting had technical and clinical success rates of 98.7 % and 96.15 %, respectively. PTA and stenting combined had success rates of 98.71 % and 96.91 %, respectively. The major complications were mainly: major bleeding (PTA: 0.40 %; stenting: 1.28 %; PTA and stenting: 0.54 %), distal embolization (PTA: 0.48 %; stenting: 1 %; PTA and stenting: 0.96 %), and aneurysm formation (PTA: 0.19 %; stenting: 0.43 %; PTA and stenting: 0.19 %). All procedures showed high technical and clinical success rates, while the complication rates were low.
Conclusion Interventional radiologists in Germany perform effective and safe treatment for CLI, achieving outcomes that tend to surpass internationally published data.
Key points
Citation Format
Facile In Situ Difluoromethylation of Phenols and Thiols Using Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate and K2CO3
Authors: Dond Bharat D. , Chavan Vijay P. , Thore Shivaji N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein, we report an efficient method to access difluoromethyl ethers of thiols and phenols using ethyl bromodifluoroacetate and K2CO3. This method demonstrates chemoselective difluoromethylation of thiols and phenols in the presence of amines. The current method also discloses the synthesis of bis(aryloxy)fluoromethane compounds which are least reported in the literature. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the reaction proceeds through a nucleophilic substitution pathway. We strongly believe this protocol would offer an efficient alternative to earlier photocatalyzed or radical-mediated difluoromethylation methods and it has a great potential in the scale-up of pharmaceutical and agrochemical intermediates that possess difluoromethyl group.
Ultrasound-Mediated Green Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles through C(sp3)–H Functionalization
Authors: Srivastava Vandana , Chauhan Swati , Verma Pratibha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn ultrasound-assisted expedient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles by the C–H functionalization of ketones using a KI/tert-butyl hydroperoxide catalytic system. The reaction takes place in water, a green solvent, and does not require a metal catalyst; it also gives good yields of the products. The method offers numerous noteworthy characteristics, including mild reaction conditions, the absence of a base, broad functional-group compatibility, and excellent reaction yields. Moreover, it avoids the use of costly and air-sensitive chemicals, and can be conducted under ambient reaction conditions.
Free Communications of the Fifth Libyan Diabetes Conference, December 28–30, 2023, Misrata, Libya
Authors: BenRajab Faten , Eammami Adela 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThese are the advance abstracts of the free communications of the Fifth Libyan Diabetes Conference, December 28–30, 2023, Misrata, Libya. They are presented here to give them a wider audience. They mostly provide some insights into clinical practices and research in diabetes and endocrinology mostly from Libya. They are a blend of care reports, observational studies, and a few experimental exercises. We hope this conference abstracts paper helps document the current research interests in the country and stimulate communication between those with mutual research interests in and outside the country.
The double-edged sword effects of perceived algorithmic control on platform workers’ service performance
Authors: Zhu Jian , Zhang Bin , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlgorithmic control has been reflected in online labor platform management, but there is a lack of empirical research on how platform algorithmic control affects platform workers’ service performance. To address this gap, drawing upon the transactional theory of stress and regulatory focus theory, this study sheds light on how perceived algorithmic control affects the platform workers’ service performance. Data collected from 286 platform workers was used for empirical study. Findings indicate: (1) perceived algorithmic control indirectly positively affects service performance through job crafting; (2) perceived algorithmic control indirectly negatively affects service performance through withdrawal behavior; (3) the indirect effect of perceived algorithmic control on service performance via job crafting is stronger when there is a high promotion focus and weaker in the case of high prevention focus; and (4) the indirect effect of perceived algorithmic control on service performance via withdrawal behavior is weaker in situations of high promotion focus and stronger in those of high prevention focus. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed in this work.
CyberGaia: Earth as cyborg
Authors: Collins Logan Thrasher 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince the days of the transcendentalists, most environmental philosophers have assumed a dividing line between human-made technology and nature. In the context of our current technological world and the contemporary environmental movement, this way of thinking is perhaps more pervasive than ever. But from a cybernetic perspective, nature and technology together represent an inextricably connected network of signals and feedback, continuously developing as an organic whole. Drawing from cultural histories of the interconnectedness of life and of the cyborg concept, I propose CyberGaia as a metaphor to describe our biosphere in a fashion which acknowledges human technology as an integral part of nature. In this framework, humanity and technology represent an inseparable constituent of a larger interconnected system. Though CyberGaia does not distinguish nature and technology at a fundamental level, it recognizes that the technological world influences nature’s development by acting on the network within which it is embedded. By emphasizing the sublime beauty of nature’s interconnectedness, CyberGaia also preserves the spiritual-emotional connection to Earth which has heavily contributed to driving the environmental movement. CyberGaia merges physics and inspiration, encouraging us to create sustainable closed-loop technological systems that enable a flourishing biosphere. I argue that seeing the world as an interconnected cybernetic network may help us to better understand the biosphere in its totality while motivating us to take actions which help protect and preserve CyberGaia’s diverse menagerie of human and nonhuman life.
Prosody in linguistic journals: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yan Mengzhu , Wu Xue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study provides a systematic review of prosody research in linguistic journals through a bibliometric analysis. Using the bibliographic data from 2001 to 2021 in key linguistic journals that publish prosody-related research, this study adopted co-citation analysis and keyword analysis to investigate the state of the intellectual structure and the emerging trends of research on prosody in linguistics over the past 21 years. Additionally, this study identified the highly cited authors, articles and journals in the field of prosody. The results offer a better understanding of how research in this area has evolved and where the boundaries of prosody research might be pushed in the future.
Towards a graded lexical inventory of multi-word combinations
Authors: Cuberos Vicente Rocío , Rosado Villegas Elisa , Mañas Navarrete Iban 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Collocations have become increasingly important in our understanding of foreign language learning. When it comes to setting vocabulary learning goals, concerns about how to address collocations still arise today. This article explores the distribution of collocations in L1 and L2 Spanish production with the ultimate goal of informing the design of graded lexical inventories of multi-word combinations. To do so, we explore three defining properties of collocations in L1 and L2 production data, and across different levels of L2 proficiency: syntactic structure, semantic transparency, and the strength of association. Results indicate that there is an increase of collocational density and diversity, but that isolated features of collocations fail to predict L2 proficiency. Findings suggest the need to evaluate collocation use at a high level of granularity.
Universality of the quantum energy flux at the inner horizon of asymptotically de Sitter black holes
Authors: Hintz Peter , Klein Christiane K M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recently, it was found that the energy flux of a free scalar quantum field on a Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter spacetime has a quadratic divergence towards the inner horizon of the black hole. Moreover, the leading divergence was found to be state independent as long as the spectral gap of the wave equation on the spacetime is sufficiently large. In this work, we show that the latter result can be extended to all subextremal Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter and subextremal Kerr–de Sitter spacetimes with a positive spectral gap.
A horizontally driven inverted pendulum
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An inverted pendulum can be stabilised by hand or by a high frequency sinusoidal vertical oscillation of the bottom end or by feedback control if a horizontal force is applied at the bottom end. The pendulum is unstable if a sinusoidal force is applied in a horizontal direction at the bottom end. It is shown in the present paper that an inverted pendulum can be stabilised if a low frequency horizontal force is applied at the bottom end to right the pendulum after it falls through a small angle. The technique requires a measurement of the fall angle but is not sensitive to the actual fall angle. The technique represents a simple example of feedback control and is more easily understood than vertical oscillation of the bottom end.
An efficient parameter-retrieval-based surrogate-assisted optimization of on-platform honeycomb absorbing structures
Authors: Yang Yiting , Yu Wen Ming , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
An electromagnetic parameter-retrieval-based surrogate-assisted optimization (PSAO) algorithm is presented to reduce radar cross section (RCS) by optimizing the on-platform honeycomb absorbing structures. To facilitate the optimization process, the honeycomb structure is transformed to an anisotropic homogeneous slab, and the effective parameters of the slab are extracted by the retrieval algorithm. A multi-fidelity model is employed to reduce the computing-time consumption, in which a Gaussian process (GP) regression model is used as the substitute for the coarse model. The GP model establishes a relationship between the geometry of the honeycomb structure and the RCS response of the target coated with the equivalent slab. Finally, the optimization result of the fine model is achieved through a space mapping strategy. The accuracy of the parameter extraction algorithm is verified by analyzing the honeycomb absorbing structure. Subsequently, the proposed optimization method is applied to a metal plate and a metal cylinder, resulting in a 10 dB reduction of RCS in broadband and wide-angle scenarios. This demonstrates the applicability of the proposed PSAO algorithm to both planar and conformal on-platform honeycomb absorbing structures. Furthermore, an NACA0015 foil is analyzed, showing an average RCS reduction of 10 dB and a minimum RCS reduction of 5 dB in the X-band. These results indicate that the PSAO approach can effectively apply to complicated targets. Additionally, the proposed method exhibits significant advantages in terms of computational accuracy and efficiency compared to the traditional genetic algorithm.
Magnetic anisotropy, magnetization reversal and switching in Ni4Nb2O9 single crystals
Authors: Martin C , Hervé L , Sedmidubsky D , Bolletta J P , Damay F , Maignan A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ni4Nb2O9 is an insulating compensated ferrimagnet with TN
= 77 K and T
comp= 33 K. We report here the study of the magnetic anisotropy using millimeter-size crystals grown in an image furnace. The magnetization measurements, vs temperature, performed with H aligned along the three main crystallographic axes, show similar Curie–Weiss temperatures (Θp
≈ 190 K) and rather similar effective paramagnetic moments (from 3.5 μ
B to 3.6 μ
B). This suggests that the strongest magnetic interaction is the antiferromagnetic one, coupling the ferromagnetic distorted honeycomb layers and zigzag ribbons via face sharing NiO6 octahedra. This strong antiferromagnetic coupling is supported by DFT calculations that do not evidence any inter site ferromagnetic interaction, leading to total compensation between magnetic moments of both Ni2+ sites. Measurements vs magnetic field below TN
reveal an anisotropic behaviour, with square magnetization loops for H in the ab plane, whereas linear M(H) curves without hysteresis are observed for H‖c. This anisotropy between ab plane and c axis occurs also in the magnetization reversal (MR), which is observed in the ab plane only. Starting from M(H) virgin curves collected just below T
comp= 33 K with H‖a or H‖b, the memory-like effect was tested through magnetization switching induced by H or T alternating changes. Below T
comp, smaller H is needed to switch M symmetrically for H along b than along a, and, for T switching (2 K interval, constant H), a larger M change is obtained along a than along b. The comparison with ferrimagnetic oxides which exhibit MR, like spinels or rare earth orthoferrites, shows that Ni4Nb2O9 is unique since only one magnetic cation over two sites in octahedral coordination is at play, thus providing a unique platform to study M switching but also a challenge for theoretical interpretation.
Computational screening of layered metal chalcogenide materials for HER electrocatalysts, and its synergy with experiments
Authors: Sen Prasenjit 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Layered materials have emerged as attractive candidates in our search for abundant, inexpensive and efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts, due to larger specific area these offer. Among these, transition metal dichalcogenides have been studied extensively, while ternary transition metal tri-chalcogenides have emerged as promising candidates recently. Computational screening has emerged as a powerful tool to identify the promising materials out of an initial set for specific applications, and has been employed for identifying HER catalysts also. This article presents a comprehensive review of how computational screening studies based on density functional calculations have successfully identified the promising materials among the layered transition metal di- and tri-chalcogenides. Synergy of these computational studies with experiments is also reviewed. It is argued that experimental verification of the materials, predicted to be efficient catalysts but not yet tested, will enlarge the list of materials that hold promise to replace expensive platinum, and will help ushering in the much awaited hydrogen economy.
IRGD-modified erythrocyte membrane biomimetic temozolomide nanodots for the treatment of glioblastoma
Authors: Luo Dong , Chen Zhichao , Peng Yaonan , Liu Chaoran 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for conventional anticancer drugs is still a big challenge in treating glioma. The biomimetic nanoparticle delivery system has attracted increasing attention and has a promising future for crossing the BBB. Herein, we construct a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform using the erythrocyte membrane (EM) with the tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC) as a delivery, and the inner core loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide (TMZ). The resulting biomimetic nanoparticle has perfect biocompatibility and stealth ability, which will provide more chances to escape the reticuloendothelial system (RES) entrapment, and increase the opportunity to enter the tumor site. Moreover, the decorated iRGD has been extensively used to actively targeting and deliver therapeutic agents across the BBB into glioma tissue. We show that this biomimetic delivery of TMZ with a diameter of 22 nm efficiently slowed the growth of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and increased the survival rate of the 30 d from 0% to 100%.
Motion-artifact-augmented pseudo-label network for semi-supervised brain tumor segmentation
Authors: Qu Guangcan , Lu Beichen , Shi Jialin , Wang Ziyi , Yuan Yaping , Xia Yifan , Pan Zhifang , Lin Yezhi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
MRI image segmentation is widely used in clinical practice as a prerequisite and a key for diagnosing brain tumors. The quest for an accurate automated segmentation method for brain tumor images, aiming to ease clinical doctors’ workload, has gained significant attention as a research focal point. Despite the success of fully supervised methods in brain tumor segmentation, challenges remain. Due to the high cost involved in annotating medical images, the dataset available for training fully supervised methods is very limited. Additionally, medical images are prone to noise and motion artifacts, negatively impacting quality. In this work, we propose MAPSS, a motion-artifact-augmented pseudo-label network for semi-supervised segmentation. Our method combines motion artifact data augmentation with the pseudo-label semi-supervised training framework. We conduct several experiments under different semi-supervised settings on a publicly available dataset BraTS2020 for brain tumor segmentation. The experimental results show that MAPSS achieves accurate brain tumor segmentation with only a small amount of labeled data and maintains robustness in motion-artifact-influenced images. We also assess the generalization performance of MAPSS using the Left Atrium dataset. Our algorithm is of great significance for assisting doctors in formulating treatment plans and improving treatment quality.
Quantum random number generation using an on-chip nanowire plasmonic waveguide
Authors: Strydom C , Soleymani S , Özdemir Ş K , Tame M S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Quantum random number generators employ the inherent randomness of quantum mechanics to generate truly unpredictable random numbers, which are essential in cryptographic applications. While a great variety of quantum random number generators have been realized using photonics, few exploit the high-field confinement offered by plasmonics, which enables device footprints an order of magnitude smaller in size. Here we integrate an on-chip nanowire plasmonic waveguide into an optical time-of-arrival based quantum random number generation setup. Despite loss, we achieve a random number generation rate of

14.4

Mbits

s

−
1

using low light intensity, with the generated bits passing industry standard tests without post-processing. By increasing the light intensity, we were then able to increase the generation rate to

41.4

Mbits

s

−
1

, with the resulting bits only requiring a shuffle to pass all tests. This is an order of magnitude increase in the generation rate and decrease in the device size compared to previous work. Our experiment demonstrates the successful integration of an on-chip nanoscale plasmonic component into a quantum random number generation setup. This may lead to new opportunities in compact and scalable quantum random number generation.