bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colle‐Salvetti‐type correction for electron–nucleus correlation in the nuclear orbital plus molecular orbital theory
Authors: Imamura Yutaka , Kiryu Hiroyoshi , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA Colle‐Salvetti (CS)‐type electron–nucleus correction in the nuclear orbital plus molecular orbital theory is proposed. The CS‐type correction is designed to satisfy the cusp condition for the electron–nucleus interaction. Since the CS‐type correction is expressed in terms of the electron and nucleus densities, its evaluation is computationally feasible. Numerical assessment confirms that the CS‐type correction performs well for the small G2 set. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
OPN deficiency suppresses appearance of odontoclastic cells and resorption of the tooth root induced by experimental force application
Authors: Chung Chooryung J. , Soma Kunimichi , Rittling Susan R. , Denhardt David T. , Hayata Tadayoshi , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Ezura Yoichi , Noda Masaki 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN) is a major non‐collagenous bone matrix protein implicated in the regulation of cell function. Although OPN is rich in the cementum of the tooth, the significance of OPN in this tissue is not understood. Tooth root resorption is the most frequent complication of orthodontic tooth movement (TM). The objective of this study was to examine the pathophysiological role of OPN in cementum of the tooth root. For this purpose, the upper right first molar (M1) in OPN‐deficient and wild‐type (WT) mice was subjected to mechanical force via 10 gf NiTi coil spring while the left side molar was kept intact to serve as an internal control. Micro‐CT section and the level of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive cells on the tooth root surface defined as odontoclasts were quantified at the end of the force application. In WT mice, force application to the tooth caused appearance of odontoclasts around the mesial surface of the tooth root resulting in tooth root resorption. In contrast, OPN deficiency significantly suppressed the force‐induced increase in the number of odontoclasts and suppressed root resorption. This force application also induced increase in the number of TRAP‐positive cells in the alveolar bone on the pressure side defined as osteoclasts, while the levels of the increase in osteoclastic cell number in such alveolar bone were similar between the OPN‐deficient and WT mice. These observations indicate that OPN deficiency suppresses specifically tooth root resorption in case of experimental force application. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 614–620, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protease‐mediated arsenic prodrug strategy in cancer and infectious diseases: A hypothesis for targeted activation
Authors: Bellacchio Emanuele , Paggi Marco G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA strategy for the selective in vivo activation of prodrugs by proteases is presented. The approach is based on the design of polythiol peptides able to neutralize the toxicity of As(III) through chelation, and contemporarily to be recognized as substrates of a disease‐linked specific protease. Enzyme digestion implies conversion of such polythiol peptides into monothiol fragments with irreversible loss of the ability to chelate the metalloid, thus triggering the release in its free and pharmacologically effective form. The proteases whose activity appears dramatically up‐regulated in various pathologies, ranging from cancer to infectious diseases, can be conveniently employed as prodrug activators in the disease microenvironment. The design of the representative peptide shown here has been assisted by molecular modeling in order to fulfill the dual characteristic to be an efficient As(III) chelator and simultaneously a substrate of the matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) whose activity results dramatically increased at the surface of cells affected by several pathologies. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 681–686, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High extracellular inorganic phosphate concentration inhibits RANK–RANKL signaling in osteoclast‐like cells
Authors: Mozar Anaïs , Haren Nathalie , Chasseraud Maud , Louvet Loïc , Mazière Cécile , Wattel Alice , Mentaverri Romuald , Morlière Patrice , Kamel Saïd , Brazier Michel , Mazière Jean C. , Massy Ziad A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the effect of inorganic phosphate (Pi) on the differentiation of monocyte/macrophage precursors into an “osteoclastic” phenotype, and we delineated the molecular mechanisms which could be involved in this phenomenon. This was achieved by stimulating human peripheral blood monocytic cells and RAW 264.7 monocyte–macrophage precursor cells to differentiate into osteoclast‐like cells in the presence of receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF). RANKL has been previously reported to stimulate the signaling kinases ERK 1/2, p38, Akt, JNK, and the DNA‐binding activity of the transcription factors AP‐1 and NF‐κB. Increase in extracellular Pi concentration (1.5–4.5 mM) dose‐dependently inhibits both osteoclastic differentiation and bone resorption activity induced by RANKL and M‐CSF. Pi was found to specifically inhibit the RANKL‐induced JNK and Akt activation, while RANKL‐induced p38 and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation were not significantly affected. Moreover, we found that Pi significantly reduced the RANKL‐stimulated DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB. The effects of Pi on osteoclast differentiation and DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB were prevented by Foscarnet®, a sodium–phosphate cotransport inhibitor, suggesting that the effects of Pi occur subsequently to its intake. These results demonstrate that Pi downregulates the differentiation of osteoclasts via a negative feedback exerted on RANK–RANKL signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 47–54, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth and patterning are evolutionarily dissociated in the vestigial wing discs of workers of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis Invicta
Authors: Bowsher Julia H. , Wray Gregory A. , Abouheif Ehab 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOver the last decade, it has become clear that organismal form is largely determined by developmental and evolutionary changes in the growth and pattern formation of tissues. Yet, there is little known about how these two integrated processes respond to environmental cues or how they evolve relative to one another. Here, we present the discovery of vestigial wing imaginal discs in worker larvae of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. These vestigial wing discs are present in all worker larvae, which is uncommon for a species with a large worker size distribution. Furthermore, the growth trajectory of these vestigial discs is distinct from all of the ant species examined to date because they grow at a rate slower than the leg discs. We predicted that the growth trajectory of the vestigial wing discs would be mirrored by evolutionary changes in their patterning. We tested this prediction by examining the expression of three patterning genes, extradenticle, ultrabithorax, and engrailed, known to underlie the wing polyphenism in ants. Surprisingly, the expression patterns of these three genes in the vestigial wing discs was the same as those found in ant species with different worker size distributions and wing disc growth than fire ants. We conclude that growth and patterning are evolutionarily dissociated in the vestigial wing discs of S. invicta because patterning in these discs is conserved, whereas their growth trajectories are not. The evolutionary dissociation of growth and patterning may be an important feature of gene networks that underlie polyphenic traits. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:769–776, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Building on a 50‐year legacy of the MRC Cyclotron Unit: the Hammersmith radiochemistry pioneering journey
Authors: Brady Frank , Clark John C. , Luthra Sajinder K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Medical Research Council Cyclotron Unit (MRC CU) situated at Hammersmith Hospital, London, is widely recognised for its pioneering developments in radiochemistry. The MRC CU became one of the largest and most comprehensive PET centres in the world. More recently, under the umbrella of a public/private partnership between the MRC and Amersham Health (now part of GE Healthcare) this centre has continued to advance PET research.This article reviews the 50‐year history of radiochemistry development and application for medical research at Hammersmith. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fifty years of radiopharmacy at Rossendorf
Authors: Spies Hartmut , Steinbach Jörg 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Central Institute of Nuclear Research was founded in Rossendorf near Dresden in 1956 and the production of radioactive materials and radiopharmaceuticals was started in 1958. The basis for the production was the irradiation of targets in the Rossendorf research reactor and, to a lower extent, at the Rossendorf cyclotron U‐120.This paper gives an account of the accomplishments of Rossendorf in the field of radiopharmacy from the early fifties, in the former department of ‘Radioactive Isotopes’, till to date. The production of radiopharmaceuticals is reviewed in brief. Investigations in technetium chemistry and pharmacology are discussed in more detail, and efforts to set up positron emission tomography (PET) in Rossendorf, as the first PET centre in the former Eastern Block, are described. Nowadays, the research in radiopharmacy is carried out within the well‐equipped Institute of Radiopharmacy, established in 1992. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy landscape roughness of the streptavidin–biotin interaction
Authors: Rico Félix , Moy Vincent T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMolecular interactions between receptors and ligands can be characterized by their free energy landscape. In its simplest representation, the energy landscape is described by a barrier of certain height and width that determines the dissociation rate of the complex, as well as its dynamic strength. Some interactions, however, require a more complex landscape with additional barriers and roughness along the reaction coordinate. This roughness slows down the dissociation kinetics of the interaction and contributes to its dynamic strength. The streptavidin–biotin complex has been extensively studied due to its remarkably low dissociation kinetics. However, single molecule measurements from independent experiments showed scattered and disparate results. In this work, the energy landscape roughness of the streptavidin–biotin interaction was estimated to be in the range of 5–8kBT using dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) measurements at three different temperatures. These results can be used to explain both its slow dissociation kinetics and the discrepancies in the reported force measurements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manganese‐enhanced MRI in a rat model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pelled Galit , Bergman Hagai , Ben‐Hur Tamir , Goelman Gadi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo measure intra‐ and inter‐hemispheric connectivity within the basal ganglia (BG) nuclei in healthy and in unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) Parkinson disease rat model in order to test the BG interhemispheric connectivity hypothesis.Material and MethodsThe manganese‐enhanced MRI (MEMRI) method with direct injection of manganese chloride into the entopeduncular (EP), substantia nigra (SN), and the Habenula nuclei in unilateral 6‐OHDA (N = 22) and sham‐operated (N = 16) rat groups was used. MEMRI measurements were applied before, 3, 24, and 48 hours post‐manganese injection. Signal enhancements in T1‐weighted images were compared between groups.ResultsManganese injection into the EP nucleus resulted with bihemispheric signal enhancements in the habenular complex (Hab) at both groups with stronger enhancements in the 6‐OHDA group. It also exhibited lower sensorimotor cortex signal enhancement in the 6‐OHDA rat group. SN manganese injection caused enhanced anteroventral thalamic and habenular nuclei signals in the 6‐OHDA rat group. Manganese habenula injection revealed enhanced interpeduncular (IP) and raphe nuclei signals of the 6‐OHDA rat group.ConclusionModulations in the effective intra‐ and interhemispheric BG connectivity in unilateral 6‐OHDA Parkinson's disease (PD) rat model support the BG interhemispheric connectivity hypothesis and suggest a linkage between the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in PD, in line with clinical symptoms. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:863–870. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary MR angiography at 3T during diastole and systole
Authors: Gharib Ahmed M. , Herzka Daniel A. , Ustun Ali O. , Desai Milind Y. , Locklin Julia , Pettigrew Roderic I. , Stuber Matthias 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the impact of end‐systolic imaging on quality of right coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in comparison to diastolic and to study the effect of RR interval variability on image quality.Materials and MethodsThe right coronary artery (RCA) of 10 normal volunteers was imaged at 3T using parallel imaging (sensitivity encoding [SENSE]). Navigator‐gated three‐dimensional (3D) gradient echo was used three times: 1) end‐systolic short acquisition (SS): 35‐msec window; 2) diastolic short (DS): middiastolic acquisition using 35‐msec window; and 3) diastolic long (DL): 75‐msec diastolic acquisition window. Vectorcardiogram (VCG) data was used to analyze RR variability. Vessel sharpness, length, and diameter were compared to each other and correlated with RR variability. Blinded qualitative image scores of the images were compared.ResultsQuantitative and qualitative parameters were not significantly different and showed no significant correlation with RR variability.ConclusionImaging the RCA at 3T during the end‐systolic rest period using SENSE is possible without significant detrimental effect on image quality. Breaking away from the standard of imaging only during diastole can potentially improve image quality in tachycardic patients or used for simultaneous imaging during both periods in a single scan. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:921–926. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First‐time shoulder dislocation: High prevalence of labral injury and age‐related differences revealed by MR arthrography
Authors: Antonio Gregory E. , Griffith James F. , Yu Alfred B. , Yung Patrick S.H. , Chan Kai Ming , Ahuja Anil T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate abnormalities and age‐related differences after first‐time shoulder dislocation.Materials and MethodsMRA images of first‐time dislocators were assessed for labral‐ligamentous‐capsular / rotator cuff abnormalities and analyzed the age‐related differences (< and ≥30 years old).ResultsSixty‐six patients (34 <30 years old vs. 32 ≥30 years; 51 males; all anterior dislocations) were imaged. Forty‐eight patients (73%) showed anteroinferior labral avulsion, consisting of: 6% (4/34 vs. 0/32) Perthes; 23% (8/34 vs. 7/32) free ALPSA (anterior labrum periosteal sleeve avulsion) lesion); 6% (1/34 vs. 3/32) adherent ALPSA; 23% (9/34 vs. 6/32) Bankart; 14% (5/34 vs. 4/32) inferiorly displaced avulsed labrum; 2% (1/34 vs. 0/32) GLAD. Extensive labral detachment (extended above 3 o'clock position) was present in 31% (11/28 vs. 4/20). There were 14% (6/34 vs. 3/32) superior labrum anterior‐posterior (SLAP) lesion; 27% (1/34 vs. 17/34) rotator cuff tendon tear; 71% (25/34 vs. 22/32) Hill‐Sachs defect. Young patients were more likely to have extensive labral avulsions (P = 0.054), but less likely to have rotator cuff tears (P < 0.001).ConclusionA high prevalence and wide variety of labral avulsions after first‐time shoulder dislocation, especially adherent ALPSA, inferiorly displaced avulsed labrum, or GLAD lesion, may influence treatment choice and outcome, suggesting a role for early MRA to assist in treatment triage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:983–991. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reconstruction of the human visual system based on DTI fiber tracking
Authors: Staempfli Philipp , Rienmueller Anna , Reischauer Carolin , Valavanis Anton , Boesiger Peter , Kollias Spyridon 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo apply and to evaluate the newly developed advanced fast marching algorithm (aFM) in vivo by reconstructing the human visual pathway, which is characterized by areas of extensive fiber crossing and branching, i.e., the optic chiasm and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).Materials and MethodsDiffusion tensor images were acquired in 10 healthy volunteers. Due to the proximity to bony structures and air‐filled spaces of the optic chiasm, a high sensitivity encoding (SENSE) reduction factor was applied to reduce image distortions in this area. To reconstruct the visual system, three different seed areas were chosen separately. The results obtained by the aFM tracking algorithm were compared and validated with known anatomy.ResultsThe visual system could be reconstructed reproducibly in all subjects and the reconstructed fiber pathways are in good agreement with known anatomy.ConclusionThe present work shows that the advanced aFM, which is especially designed for overcoming tracking limitations within areas of extensive fiber crossing, handles the fiber crossing and branching within the optic chiasm and the LGN correctly, thus allowing the reconstruction of the entire human visual fiber pathway, from the intraorbital segment of the optic nerves to the visual cortex. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:886–893. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatic viscoelastic parameters measured with MR elastography: Correlations with quantitative analysis of liver fibrosis in the rat
Authors: Salameh Najat , Peeters Frank , Sinkus Ralph , Abarca‐Quinones Jorge , Annet Laurence , ter Beek Leon C. , Leclercq Isabelle , Van Beers Bernard E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo determine the correlations between the viscoelastic parameters of the liver measured with in vivo MR elastography and quantitative analysis of liver fibrosis.Materials and MethodsMR elastography of the liver was performed in 10 rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections and five normal rats. Longitudinal waves of 200 MHz were transmitted into the liver with a mechanical transducer. Wave propagation into the liver was analyzed with a phase‐locked spin‐echo sequence at 1.5 T. The viscoelastic parameters, obtained with the Voigt model, were correlated with automatic image analysis of the fibrotic areas and with analysis of the hydroxyproline content of the liver.ResultsSubstantial correlations were observed between the shear viscoelastic parameters and the percentage of fibrosis at automatic image analysis (r = 0.7, P = 0.005 for the elasticity, and r = 0.8, P = 0.001 for the viscosity) and moderate correlations were seen between the shear viscoelastic parameters and the hydroxyproline content (r = 0.6, P = 0.016 for the elasticity and r = 0.5, P = 0.041 for the viscosity).ConclusionThe viscoelastic parameters of the liver measured with in vivo MR elastography correlate with quantitative analysis of liver fibrosis. These results suggest that MR elastography is a promising noninvasive method to quantify liver fibrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:956–962. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI of spontaneous fluctuations after acute cerebral ischemia in nonhuman primates
Authors: Liu Yutong , D'Arceuil Helen , He Julian , Duggan Mike , Gonzalez Gilberto , Pryor Johnny , de Crespigny Alex 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurposeTo study the spontaneous low‐frequency blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) signal fluctuations during hyperacute focal cerebral ischemia.Materials and MethodsA stroke model in nonhuman primates (macaques) was used in this study. Spontaneous fluctuations were recorded using a series of gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) echo‐planar imaging (EPI) images. Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) was performed on the serial EPI data to calculate the frequency and magnitude of the spontaneous fluctuations. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI) were preformed to detect the ischemic lesion.ResultsThe frequency of these fluctuations decreased in the periinfarct tissue in the ipsilateral hemisphere, while their magnitude increased. This area of abnormal signal fluctuations often extended beyond the hyperacute diffusion/perfusion abnormality.ConclusionThis study suggests that measurement of the spontaneous fMRI signal fluctuations provides different information than is available from diffusion/perfusion or T2‐weighted MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;26:1112–1116. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fragmentation of (LiF)nLi+ clusters in the acceleration region of TOF spectrometers
Authors: Ponciano C. R. , Martinez R. , da Silveira E. F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe binary decay of ionized clusters in the extraction region of time‐of‐flight (TOF) spectrometers is analyzed. The dynamics of the fragments is studied and an analytical expression for the TOF peak shape is deduced; simulations are performed for linear spectrometers of different configurations. The questions addressed refer to the design of TOF spectrometers to improve their accuracy in the determination of metastable‐state mean lives, the identification of precursor masses and the investigation of desorption mechanisms. As an illustration, the method is applied to the decay of positive ion clusters (LiF)nLi+ for both spontaneous and collision‐induced fragmentation processes. No clear evidence of delayed emission is found. The bumps observed in the TOF spectrum are due to tertiary ions emitted by the LiF target sputtered by secondary ions produced in the grid, a process that increases with higher target bias. The main cluster fragmentation observed is (LiF)3Li+* decaying preferentially into (LiF)Li+; the data are compatible with a spontaneous decay of metastable clusters with mean lives of 20–30 ns. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometry and Web 2.0
Authors: Murray Kermit K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe term Web 2.0 is a convenient shorthand for a new era in the Internet in which users themselves are both generating and modifying existing web content. Several types of tools can be used. With social bookmarking, users assign a keyword to a web resource and the collection of the keyword ‘tags’ from multiple users form the classification of these resources. Blogs are a form of diary or news report published on the web in reverse chronological order and are a popular form of information sharing. A wiki is a website that can be edited using a web browser and can be used for collaborative creation of information on the site. This article is a tutorial that describes how these new ways of creating, modifying, and sharing information on the Web are being used for on‐line mass spectrometry resources. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.