bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Diversity of Rabies Viruses Associated with Bats in Mexico and Other Countries of the Americas
Authors: Velasco-Villa Andrés , Orciari Lillian A. , Juárez-Islas Víctor , Gómez-Sierra Mauricio , Padilla-Medina Irma , Flisser Ana , Souza Valeria , Castillo Amanda , Franka Richard , Escalante-Mañe Maribel , Sauri-González Isaias , Rupprecht Charles E. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Bat rabies and its transmission to humans and other species in Mexico were investigated. Eighty-nine samples obtained from rabid livestock, cats, dogs, and humans in Mexico were studied by antigenic typing and partial sequence analysis. Samples were further compared with enzootic rabies associated with different species of bats in the Americas. Patterns of nucleotide variation allowed the definition of at least 20 monophyletic clusters associated with 9 or more different bat species. Several lineages associated with distinctive antigenic patterns were found in rabies viruses related to rabies in vampire bats in Mexico. Vampire bat rabies virus lineages associated with antigenic variant 3 are widely spread from Mexico to South America, suggesting these lineages as the most likely ancestors of vampire bat rabies and the ones that have been moved by vampire bat populations throughout the Americas. Rabies viruses related to
Lasiurus cinereus
,
Histiotus montanus
, and some other not yet identified species of the genus
Lasiurus
were found circulating in Mexico. Long-range dissemination patterns of rabies are not necessarily associated with migratory bat species, as in the case of rabies in
Desmodus rotundus
and
Histiotus montanus
. Human rabies was associated with vampire bat transmission in most cases, and in one case, rabies transmission from free-tailed bats was inferred. The occurrence of rabies spillover from bats to domestic animals was also demonstrated. Genetic typing of rabies viruses allowed us to distinguish trends of disease dissemination and to address, in a preliminary fashion, aspects of the complex evolution of rabies viruses in different host-reservoir species.
In Vitro Release by
Aspergillus fumigatus
of Galactofuranose Antigens, 1,3-β-
d
-Glucan, and DNA, Surrogate Markers Used for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: Mennink-Kersten Monique A. S. H. , Ruegebrink Dorien , Wasei Nazhat , Melchers Willem J. G. , Verweij Paul E. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus
markers are becoming increasingly important for the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. The kinetics of release of these surrogate markers, however, is largely unknown. We investigated the release of β-(1-5)-galactofuranosyl (gal
f
) antigens (Platelia
Aspergillus
), 1,3-β-
d
-glucan (BG) (Fungitell), and DNA (PCR) in an in vitro model of
Aspergillus fumigatus
. The results showed that release is correlated to the growth phase of the fungus, which depends on available nutrients. Whereas gal
f
antigens and BG are released during logarithmic growth, DNA is released only after mycelium breakdown. During early logarithmic growth, gal
f
antigens seem to be released somewhat earlier than BG. Furthermore, gal
f
antigen concentrations of more than 120,000 times the serum cutoff value (0.5 ng/ml) can be measured, while BG concentrations reach a value only 978 times the serum cutoff value (60 pg/ml). During lytical growth, release of gal
f
antigens further increased to a maximum level, which depended on pH. After that, the concentration of gal
f
antigens stayed high (pH 7.4) or decreased to zero within 4 days (pH 5.0). In contrast to gal
f
antigens, BG concentration decreased after 1 day of growth. The decrease of gal
f
components seems to be due to the enzyme β-galactofuranosidase, which is able to destroy gal
f
epitopes and whose activity fluctuates in the culture filtrates in parallel with gal
f
antigen concentration. Fungal DNA seems to be released only due to autolysis caused by nutrient limitation. In conclusion, several factors clearly influence the release of surrogate markers in vitro. These same factors might also play a role at the infection site of
Aspergillus
disease in humans.
Comparison between the Hybrid Capture II Test and an SPF1/GP6+ PCR-Based Assay for Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Cervical Swab Samples
Authors: Huang Shang-Lang , Chao Angel , Hsueh Swei , Chao Fang-Yu , Huang Chu-Chun , Yang Jung-Erh , Lin Ching-Yu , Yan Chiu-Cho , Chou Hung-Hsueh , Huang Kuan-Gen , Huang Huei-Jean , Wu Tzu-I , Tseng Mao-Jung , Qiu Jian-Tai , Lin Cheng-Tao , Chang Ting-Chang , Lai Chyong-Huey 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

We compared the efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection between a PCR-based genechip (Easychip HPV Blot [hereafter referred to as HPV Blot]; King Car, Taiwan) method and Hybrid Capture II (HCII; Digene, Gaithersburg, MD) in women with previous normal (
n
= 146) or abnormal (≥atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] [
n
= 208]) cytology. A total of 354 cervical swab samples were collected for HPV DNA assay by both HCII and SPF1/GP6+ PCR followed by HPV Blot tests. Colposcopy-directed biopsy was performed if clinically indicated. Of the 354 samples, HPV-positive rates by these two methods (HCII and HPV Blot) were 12.6% and 18.2% in 143 normal samples, 36.2% and 45.7% in 105 ASCUS samples, 57.4% and 57.4% in 94 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion samples, and 83.3% and 75.0% in 12 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion samples, respectively. The concordance of HPV Blot and HCII was 80.8% (286/354), and the agreement between the methods (κ value, 0.68) was substantial. Discrepancies were further investigated by at least one of the following three methods: direct sequencing, type-specific PCR, and HPV Blot genotyping of cervical biopsy tissue. In the 15 HCII-positive samples, HPV Blot detected only non-HCII HPV genotypes; results of further verification methods were consistent with the latter test in the 15 samples. Of the 20 samples with HCII-negative and HPV Blot-positive results, 18 were found to contain the 13 HCII high-risk genotypes by verification methods. In only 16.7% (3/18) of the HCII-positive but HPV Blot-negative samples, further studies detected the 13 HCII genotypes. We conclude that HPV Blot seemed comparable to HCII for detection of HPV DNA in cervical swab samples.
Novel Approach to Designing Primers for Identification and Distinction of the Human Pathogenic Fungi
Coccidioides immitis
and
Coccidioides posadasii
by PCR Amplification
Authors: Umeyama Takashi , Sano Ayako , Kamei Katsuhiko , Niimi Masakazu , Nishimura Kazuko , Uehara Yoshimasa 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

We developed a pair of primers that specifically identifies
Coccidioides
species, etiologic agents of the human fungal disease coccidioidomycosis. These primers could be used for distinguishing
Coccidioides immitis
and
Coccidioides posadasii
by simply comparing the amplicon sizes on an agarose gel.
Reduction/oxidation-phosphorylation control of DNA binding in the bZIP dimerization network
Authors: Amoutzias Gregory D , Bornberg-Bauer Erich , Oliver Stephen G , Robertson David L 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
bZIPs are transcription factors that are found throughout the eukarya from fungi to flowering plants and mammals. They contain highly conserved basic region (BR) and leucine zipper (LZ) domains and often function as environmental sensors. Specifically, bZIPs frequently have a role in mediating the response to oxidative stress, a crucial environmental signal that needs to be transduced to the gene regulatory network.

Results
Based on sequence comparisons and experimental data on a number of important bZIP transcription factors, we predict which bZIPs are under redox control and which are regulated via protein phosphorylation. By integrating genomic, phylogenetic and functional data from the literature, we then propose a link between oxidative stress and the choice of interaction partners for the bZIP proteins.

Conclusion
This integration permits the bZIP dimerization network to be interpreted in functional terms, especially in the context of the role of bZIP proteins in the response to environmental stress. This analysis demonstrates the importance of abiotic factors in shaping regulatory networks.
Brightness stabilisation of bleached high-yield pulps by novel sulfur-containing inhibitors
Authors: Beyer Mario , Fischer Klaus , Süss Hans-Ulrich 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The stabilisation of a peroxide-bleached chemothermomechanical pulp against light-induced yellowing by novel sulfur-containing radical-scavenging compounds was investigated. Substances were identified that lack the unpleasant odour typical for compounds containing thiol groups. High inhibition effects were observed when the sulfur compounds were combined with small amounts of hindered amines and UV absorbers. A novel group of thiols isolated from biomatter was among the sulfur-containing inhibitors. Photoyellowing could be avoided for 3 years in real conditions when the inhibitors were applied as part of a coating. The ability of the thiol compounds to scavenge phenoxy radicals was demonstrated by ESR spectroscopy of irradiated chemithermomechanical pulp sheets. The results are encouraging for efficient brightness stabilisation of high-yield pulps.
Effect of a waterproof agent on gypsum particleboard properties
Authors: Deng Yuhe , Xuan Ling , Feng Qian 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
This paper describes the influence of the addition of an organosilicon waterproof agent on the properties of gypsum particleboard (GPB). Test results showed that the additive at an appropriate concentration reduces the thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA), and increases the mechanical properties. TS was lowered to ∼1.6% and internal bond strength (IB) was increased to ∼0.4 MPa when 3% organosilicon agent was added. Accordingly, the TS was reduced by 53% and the IB increased by 45% relative to control board without additives. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were also increased in the presence of the organosilicon waterproof agent. The effect was pronounced for MOR. On the other hand, too high a content of organosilicon additive had a negative effect and the corresponding property values were poorer. X-Ray diffraction revealed that the content of gypsum dihydrate increased in the presence of the additive, but other chemical changes were not observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the crystal size in gypsum was reduced is the presence of the additive.
Effect of Flapless Implant Surgery on Soft Tissue Profile: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Oh Tae‐Ju , Shotwell Jeffrey L. , Billy Edward J. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: May 2006

Background: Flapless implant surgery has been suggested as one possible treatment option for enhancement of implant esthetics.Methods: Twenty‐four patients with a missing tooth in the premaxillary region were randomly assigned to one of two groups (12 each): immediate loading (IL) or delayed loading (DL) (loading after 4 months). An endosseous implant was placed in each patient via a flapless surgery. Clinical measurements including the papillary index (PPI) (0, no papilla; 1, less than half; 2, more than half but not complete fill; 3, complete fill; and 4, overfill), marginal levels of the soft tissue (ML), probing depths (PDs), modified bleeding index (mBI), modified plaque index (mPI), and the width of the keratinized mucosa (WKM) were performed at baseline (at the time of loading) and at 2, 4, and 6 months.Results: The soft tissue profile remained stable up to 6 months, without significant differences between the two groups (mean PPI and ML at 6 months, 2.16 and 0.30 mm, respectively). Mean PPI in the IL group significantly increased from 1.50 at baseline to 2.09 at 2 months, and the significance remained up to 6 months (2.30 at 6 months) (P <0.05), whereas in the DL group, no significant changes were found from baseline to 6 months in mean PPI (2.06 at both time points). Mean PPI increased over time when two treatment groups were combined; however, no statistical significance was found. In ML, the difference at baseline between the two groups (−0.28 mm for DL versus 0.17 mm for IL; P <0.05) was no longer significant at 2 months (0 versus 0.08 mm for DL and IL, respectively) and thereafter (P >0.05). No significant differences were detected between groups at each time and over time in the other clinical parameters, PD, mBI, mPI, and WKM (P >0.05).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that creeping attachment (i.e., soft tissue recovery) might occur within 2 months after IL. The study suggests that flapless implant surgery provides esthetic soft tissue results in single‐tooth implants either immediately or delayed loaded. Other long‐term randomized controlled clinical trials with a large sample size and comparison group (i.e., implant surgery with flap) are recommended to verify the conclusions drawn in this preliminary study.
Eosinophilic Granuloma Masquerading as Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Silvestros S.S. , Mamalis A.A. , Sklavounou A.D. , Tzerbos F.X. , Rontogianni D.D. 
Published: May 2006

Background: Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is the mildest and mainly localized form of the clinicopathologic spectrum of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. It is a destructive osseous lesion characterized by a vast number of eosinophils and histiocytes. The etiology remains unknown. In this paper, a case of EG is presented that was initially diagnosed and treated as aggressive periodontitis (AP).Methods: Despite treatment procedures, the EG continued to expand very quickly, destroying the lingual cortical bone and the neighboring soft tissues and exhibiting periosteal reaction. Diagnosis of EG was established on the basis of histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. Moreover, certain manifestations in the skeletal and respiratory system were observed.Results: Surgical curettage of the lesions was effective; however, corticosteroids and low‐dose radiation were used as adjunctive therapy.Conclusion: The rapid progress of eosinophilic granuloma, the diagnostic problems, and the consequences of late diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
Defects in GaN Nanowires
Authors: Tham D. , Nam C.‐Y. , Fischer J. E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHigh‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) are used to characterize common defects in wurtzite GaN nanowires grown via a vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism. HRTEM shows that these nanowires contain numerous (001) stacking defects interspersed with small cubic GaN regions. Using XTEM, bicrystalline nanowires are discovered with twofold rotational twin axes along their growth directions, and are found to grow along high‐index directions or vicinal to low‐index planes. We propose a defect‐mediated VLS growth model to qualitatively account for the prevalence of these extended defects, and discuss the implications of these defects for nanowire growth kinetics and device behavior.
Analysis of Host‐Assisted Guest Protonation Exemplified for p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arene—Towards Enzyme‐Mimetic pKa Shifts
Authors: Bakirci Hüseyin , Koner Apurba L. , Schwarzlose Thomas , Nau Werner M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe pD dependence of the complexation of p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (CX4) with the azoalkanes 2,3‐diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene (1), 2,3‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐ene (2), 2,3‐diazabicyclo[2.2.3]non‐2‐ene (3), and 1‐methyl‐4‐isopropyl‐2,3‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐2‐ene (4) in D2O has been studied. The pD‐dependent binding constants, determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, were analyzed according to a seven‐state model, which included the CX4 tetra‐ and penta‐anions, the protonated and unprotonated forms of the azoalkanes, the corresponding complexes, as well as the complex formed between CX4 and the deuteriated hydronium ion. The variation of the UV absorption spectra, namely the hypsochromic shift in the near‐UV band of the azo chromophore upon protonation, was analyzed according to a four‐state model. Measurements by independent methods demonstrated that complexation by CX4 shifts the pKa values of the guest molecules by around 2 units, thereby establishing a case of host‐assisted guest protonation. The pKa shift can be translated into improved binding (factor of 100) of the protonated guest relative to its unprotonated form as a result of the cation‐receptor properties of CX4. The results are discussed in the context of supramolecular catalytic activity and the pKa shifts induced by different types of macrocyclic hosts are compared.
Regulation of insulin response in skeletal muscle cell by caveolin status
Authors: Oh Yoon Sin , Cho Kyung A. , Ryu Sung Jin , Khil Lee‐Yong , Jun Hee‐Sook , Yoon Ji‐Won , Park Sang Chul 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRecent studies on the role of caveolin‐1 in adipocytes showed that caveolin has emerged as an important regulatory element in insulin signaling but little is known on its role in skeletal muscle cells. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that caveolin‐1 plays a crucial role in insulin dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Differentiation of L6 skeletal muscle cells induce the expression of caveolin‐1 and caveolin‐3 with partial colocalization. However in contrast to adipocytes, phosphorylation of insulin receptor β (IRβ) and Akt/Erk was not affected by the respective downregulation of caveolin‐1 or caveolin‐3 in the muscle cells. Moreover, the phosphorylation of IRβ was detected not only in the caveolae but also in the non‐caveolae fractions of the muscle cells despite the interaction of IRβ with caveolin‐1 and caveolin‐3. These data implicate the lack of relationship between caveolins and IRβ pathway in the muscle cells, different from the adipocytes. However, glucose uptake was reduced specifically by downregulation of caveolin‐1, but not that of caveolin‐3. Taken together, these observations suggest that caveolin‐1 plays a crucial role in glucose uptake in differentiated muscle cells and that the regulation of caveolin‐1 expression may be an important mechanism for insulin sensitivity, implying the role of muscle cells for type 2 diabetes. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 747–758, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The electromagnetic effect of cooling fins
Authors: Chiu S. B. , Ding C. H. , Chou J. H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe electromagnetic effect of cooling fins is studied by solving Maxwell equations numerically using a FDTD method under high‐frequency operating conditions. The fin is attached to a square IC chip to form a package. The overall size of the package is 25 mm × 25 mm × 17.5 mm. A smooth compact pulse with a reference frequency of either 1 or 2.5 GHz is used as the excitation source of EM waves. Six fin configurations are investigated. Computational results indicate that a fin can act as an antenna. For the present type of excitation source, resonance could occur roughly at frequencies of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 GHz, depending on the source reference frequency and fin geometries. Thus, fin effects should be considered in the electrical design phase since noises could be induced in the circuit due to the presence of fins. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interannual variability of the Tropical Atlantic independent of and associated with ENSO: Part II. The South Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Handoh Itsuki C. , Bigg Grant R. , Matthews Adrian J. , Stevens David P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTwo dominant ocean–atmosphere modes of variability on interannual timescales were defined in part I of this work, namely, the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) and South Tropical Atlantic (STA) modes. In this paper we focus on the STA mode that covers the equatorial and sub‐tropical South Atlantic. We show that STA events occurring in conjunction with ENSO have a preference for the southern summer season and seem to be forced by an atmospheric wave train emanating from the central tropical Pacific and travelling via South America, in addition to the more direct ENSO‐induced change in the Walker Circulation. They are lagged by one season from the peak of ENSO. These events show little evidence for other‐than‐localised coupled ocean–atmosphere interaction.In contrast, STA events occurring in the absence of ENSO favour the southern winter season. They appear to be triggered by a Southern Hemisphere wave train emanating from the Pacific sector, and then exhibit features of a self‐sustaining climate mode in the tropical Atlantic. The southward shift of the inter tropical convergence zone that occurs during the warm phase of such an event triggers an extra tropical wave train that propagates downstream in the Southern Hemisphere. We present a unified view of the NTA and STA modes through our observational analysis of the interannual tropical Atlantic variability. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Collaborative rehabilitation at the workplace
Authors: Kearns Daniel J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRehabilitation of disabled workers in the workplace requires a co‐ordinated effort between health professionals and the human resource function. Traditionally, rehabilitation has been conducted in settings outside the workplace and has perpetuated artificial divisions between all professions involved in supporting the human resources within the enterprise. More recently, two insights have emerged that will dictate effective workplace rehabilitation in the future. The first is that job retention of ill, injured, or otherwise disabled workers should be pursued proactively at the workplace rather than allow the employee to drop into the welfare net. Second, successful rehabilitation requires a high level of interdisciplinary effort that is not confined to any particular settings. This article notes some of the international impetus to achieve collaborations in rehabilitation and focuses on strategies for the collaboration between a ‘rehabilitationist’ and the workplace human resource function at three levels: policy, planning, and practice. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Proteomic trajectory mapping of biological transformation: Application to developmental mouse retina
Authors: Haniu Hisao , Komori Naoka , Takemori Nobuaki , Singh Anil , Ash John D. , Matsumoto Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this report we introduce a new concept “proteomic trajectory mapping” for the investigation of a complex phenomenon underlying biological transformation and transition. We define proteomic trajectory to be the kinetic trace of protein expression and present a successful proteomic trajectory mapping of complex molecular events underlying postnatal development of mouse retina. Cluster analysis of the trajectory data using a two‐state model identified four proteomic trajectory types: two distinct trajectory types accounting for the decline or the rise of protein molecules actively expressed in the juvenile stage (J‐type) or in the adult stage (A‐type), a class of transient trajectories that mediate the transformation from the juvenile to the adult stage (T‐type), and the steady trajectories throughout the entire process of transformation (C‐type). The dominance of particular protein categories expressed in each trajectory characterizes the stage of retinal development. Proteomic trajectory mapping will be a powerful tool to study the systematic changes of protein expression caused by physiological, genetic, or pathological agents and the reverse of such changes to the norm by a treatment. The proteomic trajectory mapping is applicable to any biological transformation and, therefore, will be a powerful tool in biomedical sciences.