bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Prasad Chandrajit , Netravathi M , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Bhat Maya D , Pendharkar Hima 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare entity characterized by a protracted course and progressive neurological deterioration.

Objective:
We present patterns of diffusion restriction in eight cases of SSPE, a seldom described imaging attribute.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and neuroimaging data obtained from records of patients with proven SSPE. Patients whose magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed evidence of diffusion restriction were included in the analysis. MRI was performed on 3 T and 1.5-T clinical MR systems. Imaging characteristics were reviewed and tabulated by two neuroradiologists.

Results:
Eight SSPE patients (seven men, one woman; age range: 5–15 years; mean age: 11 years) diagnosed and managed at our institute were included in the analysis. Restricted diffusion was evident in the basal ganglia (n = 3), corpus callosum (n = 2), white matter (n = 2) and in bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles (MCP) (n = 2). One patient had diffusion restriction in the genu of the corpus callosum and bilateral frontal cortical white matter. None of the diffusion-restricted lesions showed contrast enhancement or susceptibility. Six cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for fulminant SSPE (fSSPE). The extent of neuroparenchymal involvement was greater in this subset of patients.

Conclusions:
Restricted diffusion in SSPE, hitherto infrequently described, can indeed occur in both grey and white matter structures and in both supratentorial and infratentorial compartments. Parenchymal diffusion restriction in SSPE possibly reflects an early time point in the clinical evolution. A greater extent of parenchymal diffusion restriction may portend a rapid downhill course, possibly qualifying for fSSPE.
Utilization of smart technology for pediatric cardiac consultations in acute care settings: Pediatricians’ perspective
Authors: Bakr Asmaa , Rakha Shaimaa 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
Smart technology (ST) is starting to be integrated into cardiology medical practice. Therefore, this work aims to assess the extent of ST utilization among young pediatricians in acute pediatric cardiology consultations.

Methods
Between December 2021 and May 2022, a survey was distributed online to pediatricians linked to emergency services regarding pediatric cardiology consultations. The questionnaire was formulated to gather demographic data of participants, ST devices, and applications used. Questions explored cardiac diseases and acute presentations where ST was used. Pediatrician’s perspective of the benefits, outcome, limitations, and drawbacks of this consultation form was investigated.

Results
Smartphones were the most used ST device 83/85 (97.65%) for acute cardiac consultation in pediatrics, especially messaging applications such as WhatsApp (92.94%); none of participants chose emails or simple short message service. The most accurately transferred data were vitals, laboratory results, and electrocardiogram. Arrhythmia was reported as the disease benefits the most from ST consultations. Starting supportive therapy was the highest immediate benefit from pediatricians’ perspectives. Although it could not impact mortality, ST was thought to shorten the waiting time for consultations by 65 (76.47%). The major ST limitation was network coverage difficulties (50.58%), and possible consultation delay was the significant drawback in acute settings.

Conclusion
Smartphones are widely utilized for pediatric cardiac consultations in acute conditions, especially messaging applications. Most acute cardiac consultations are performed for heart failure and arrhythmia in children with the high benefit of shortening the waiting time for preliminary cardiac specialized opinion. However, several concerns about the limitations and drawbacks of ST use in acute cardiac specialty consultations warrant further research and organization.
Bone mineral density among β–thalassemic children: age and sex comparative study
Authors: Abozid Saad S. , Elalfy Omar , El-Feky Said S. , Samir Hekmat , Abdelghafour Reem A. M. , Abdallah Tarek M. A. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Parathyroid function and bone mineral density (BMD) in β–thalassemia major (β-TM) patients are provided. Some recent suggestions are presented about the cellular and structural changes in thalassemia bones.

Aim
The current work aims to study BMD and related mineral and hormonal profiles in β-TM cases and its relation to the sex and age strata of the patients.

Patients and methods
The study includes 30 healthy control and 55 β-TM patients who were divided into subgroups according to age and sex. Parathormone (PTH), ferritin, and calcium were investigated. The dual-energy radiography absorptiometry were used to the assessment of BMD.

Results
Serum ferritin level was as expected significantly elevated in β-TM cases. Serum PTH was significantly lower in β-TM cases when matched with healthy control. Serum calcium was within normal in β-TM. BMD of lumber spine in β-TM was markedly detracted when matched with the healthy normal group. 76% of our cases showed reduced BMD.

Conclusion
BMD is reduced in 76% of β-TM. PTH is reduced in all age strata of β-TM.
Neurodevelopmental outcome after nosocomial sepsis in preterm neonates: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hasan Ayman G.H. , Khashaba Mohamed T. , Abdel-Fattah Abdel-Hady E.-G. , Eltantawi Noha T. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Nosocomial infections (NIs) are associated with significant mortality affecting up to 56% of all infants, as well as long-term morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, and increased healthcare costs.

Objective
This study aimed to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age in preterm infants exposed to nosocomial sepsis (NS) during neonatal ICU admission with the outcomes in unexposed preterm infants.

Study design
This was a retrospective study in the follow-up clinic of the neonatal ICU of a tertiary hospital.

Participants
Preterm infants who met the criteria were divided into: group A exposed to NS and group B not exposed to NS.

Intervention
All infants were examined across the three domains of neurodevelopment: cognitive function, language, and motor function. The examination was done at 18 months of corrected age, using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (III).

Outcome
The neurodevelopment of preterm infants at 18 months of age.

Results
Among the 61 former preterm infants at 18 months of age, who met the criteria, 31 were exposed and 30 were not exposed to NS. Male infants, low birth weight, and low APGAR score were significantly higher in the nosocomial group. Gram-negative organisms accounted for 60% of cases. Staphylococci accounted for 16.7% of the cultures. The neurodevelopmental delay was more in the sepsis group than in the nonsepsis group in all functions examined, and the difference was significant, and sepsis cases accounted for about 2/3 of the cases that had neurodevelopmental impairment.

Conclusion
This study showed that neurodevelopmental impairment was significantly increased in neonates who developed NI despite treatment with effective antibiotic therapy.
Shining a Light on TORCH Infections in Pregnancy
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Ram , Kandikuppa Ravi Teja 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
TORCH infections continue to present to clinicians as a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. There is a great need for awareness regarding prepregnancy serology screening tests, vaccination, and safety measures to prevent these infections which cause serious fetal sequelae, particularly rubella and varicella zoster being vaccine-preventable diseases. Serology testing for these infections along with immunoglobulin G avidity testing should be more commonly available. In this review, we discuss the evaluation needed prepregnancy, during pregnancy if there is a suspected infection, and treatment of TORCH infections.
The Current State of Adult Immunization in India: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Ramabhadran Madhumitha , Ramasubramanian Venkatasubramanian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Immunization has been a quintessential part of preventive health saving millions of lives from Vaccine preventable diseases. Adult immunization has also been accepted as an important intervention mandated by immunosenescence and newer co-morbidities faced by adults. However, there has been little headway in establishing adult immunization as an integral aspect of health care for older adults in India. There have been several challenges identified for this scenario. Apart from limited guidelines for vaccinating adults, poor awareness, limited access, vaccine hesitancy and expense play an important role. Though customized guidelines for the Indian population is warranted along with improving awareness about vaccines in the adult population, access to care through adult vaccines are mandatory to establish a functional system. Apart for reiterating vaccines that are most useful for the Indian adults, this commentary outlines the various facets of setting up an adult vaccine clinic in the Indian context.
Evaluation of taste score and fungiform papillae quantification using digital image analysis in COVID-19 patients with smell and taste dysfunction
Authors: Srikantaiah Vidya Chikkarahalli , Bilimale Anil Somashekara , Doddawad Vidya Gowdappa , Marulaiah Srinath Kenkere , Gowdappa Hathur Basavana , Shankaregowda Ranjitha , Madhu Basavegowda , Thotambailu Amulya Manohar , Achar Raghu Ram 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a major global health crisis in recent years. Despite this, there have been few studies that have utilized reliable methods to assess changes in taste and smell perception. Therefore, our study aims at the number of fungiform papillae and objective measures of taste perception relationship among COVID-19 patients with olfactory and gustatory disorders.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional analytical study in which 57 COVID-19 patients were recruited who confirmed the dysfunction of taste and smell. Objective assessment of the sense of taste was evaluated using four different standardized solution preparations, and the scores were given according to the patient's statements. Digitalized quantification of fungiform papillae was counted. The data were analyzed with the Pearson's correlation coefficient using the SPSS version. 23 [Licensed JSSAHER, Mysuru, Karnataka, India], and the level of significance was set at <0.001.

Results:
In terms of altered or reduced taste and smell, male patients exhibited a higher incidence compared to females. Compared to the sour taste, a substantial number of COVID-19 patients have displayed a notable decrease in their ability to taste sweet, salty, and bitter flavors. However, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between taste scores and fungiform papillae density (r = 0.518, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Our Study demonstrated that the quantitative evaluation of taste perception and the count of fungiform papillae can serve as important indicators of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and could potentially help in the early detection and treatment of COVID-19 patients, as reduced taste function is a significant marker of the disease.
Effect of polishing versus glazing of CAD-CAM ceramics on wear and surface roughness of opposing composite resin
Authors: Khoramian Esfahani Mina Sadat , Ahmadi Ghazaleh , Esmaeili Behnaz 
Published: February 2024

Background:
This study aimed to assess the effect of polishing versus glazing of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) ceramics on depth of wear and surface roughness of opposing composite resin.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro study was conducted on 40 Z250 composite and 40 CAD-CAM ceramic specimens including Celtra Duo, Vita Mark II, e.max CAD, and Vita Suprinity ceramics. All ceramic specimens were roughened by a fine-grit bur after primary glazing to simulate an adjusted surface in the clinical setting. They were then randomly assigned to two subgroups and underwent reglazing or polishing. All composite and ceramic specimens underwent profilometry after surface treatment and prior to the wear test, and the results were recorded quantitatively. Composite specimens were then subjected to 120,000 wear cycles against ceramic specimens in a chewing simulator, and the depth of wear was measured by a scanner. Data were statistically analyzed by repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).

Results:
Comparison of the surface roughness of composite specimens before and after the wear test revealed significant differences in both glazed Suprinity (P = 0.048) and Vita Mark II (P = 0.026) ceramics groups. The change in surface roughness after the wear test (compared with baseline) was significant in glazed (P = 0.000) and polished (P = 0.013) Vita Mark II and polished Suprinity (P = 0.037) ceramics, but this change was not significant in other ceramics (P > 0.05). The depth of wear after the wear test was not significantly different among the ceramic and composite subgroups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Assessment of depth of wear and surface roughness of composite specimens showed that the polishing kits of CAD-CAM ceramics can serve as a suitable alternative to reglazing.
Multicystic renal dysplasia, a histomorphological spectrum: Seven years experience from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Gupta Kanika , Mandal Shramana , Mallya Varuna , Singh Meeta , Khurana Nita , Sarin Yogesh K. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is defined as the presence of multiple noncommunicating cysts of various sizes, detected sonographically, without evidence of functioning renal parenchyma on dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan. It has an incidence of 1:4000 live births. They are more commonly diagnosed in boys, usually on the left side, but may also be bilateral. There is the presence of primitive ducts surrounded by fibromuscular connective tissue. These are because of the disturbed connection of the ureteric bud with renal blastema and abnormal division at the stage of metanephros, resulting in an abnormal metanephros differentiation.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty cases of MCDK were included to study their histomorphology along with their clinical features. Cases were retrieved from the last seven years (2015–2021) from the Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College.

Result:
Age ranged from 10 days to 18 years. The cases were between 1 years and 5 years of age. Six out of 30 cases (20%) were infants with three of them being neonates. Twenty-one cases were males. All the cases had unilateral kidney involvement with the left kidney being involved in 20 out of 30 cases. Twenty-eight cases underwent nephrectomy in view of small contracted nonfunctional kidneys with one of them being horseshoe shaped. Five cases had associated hydronephrosis (two ipsilateral and three bilateral). One case had Hirshprung’s disease, four had anorectal malformation, two had posterior urethral valves with vesicourethral reflux, one had duplex moiety, and one had undescended testes. On histopathological examination, all of them showed the presence of immature disorganized tubules surrounded by a collarette of immature mesenchymal stroma. One of the cases showed osteoid formation and four had areas of immature cartilage. Normal kidney parenchyma was seen at the periphery in four cases.

Conclusion:
This series has been presented to highlight the various histomorphological features of MCDK. MCDK can be managed conservatively in most of cases due to autoinvolution and, hence, needs to be differentiated from other close differentials like polycystic kidney disease, cystic nephroma, and cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma in order to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.
Papillary glioneuronal tumor: A rare case with recent updates as per 2021 CNS WHO 5th classification
Authors: Mehrotra Bandana , Bhargav Mithlesh , Kapoor Ashok , Pandey Shubhi , Brij Saumya , Gopal Vaibhav R. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The papillary glioneuronal tumor is a WHO grade 1, rare neuronal-glial tumor and comprises 0.02% of all CNS tumors. Histologically, it is a mixture of glial and neuronal components showing a pseudopapillary pattern with hyalinized vessels. PGNT is considered a low-grade neoplasm, and surgical excision has been curative in most cases. In this paper, we report a new case of papillary glioneuronal tumor in a 44-year-old male having a divergent presentation, to analyze it due to the rarity of its occurrence as per the latest classification.
Comparison of molecular analysis results determined by next-generation sequencing to immunohistochemical indicators and clinicopathological parameters in prostate adenocarcinomas
Authors: Balta Merve Çırak , Erdoğdu İbrahim Halil , Oktay Esin , Çulhac Nil 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Prostate cancer is a common cancer in males, frequently leading to mortality. Multiple genetic factors play roles in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Demonstration of pathological pathways and customised treatment options have been possible with next-generation sequencing.

Aim:
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships of the changes in the prostate cancer pathways genes with the pathological, immunohistochemical and the clinical parameters.

Study Design:
Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
Among the prostate needle biopsy materials investigated in Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, thirty-one cases, who had been analysed using the next-generation sequencing system, were included in this study.

Results:
As a result of statistical analysis, a significant relationship was found between the pathogenic mutation detected in androgen receptor and Breast Cancer Gene 2 genes and tumour volume. In all cases with a pathogenic mutation in the androgen receptor gene, a pathogenic mutation in the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog gene was also observed and a significant relationship was found between them. Castration resistance was observed in cases with high tumour volume, and a statistically significant difference was found. A statistically significant relationship was found between tumour volume and Ki-67 expression. In addition, a significant relationship was observed between the castration resistance and Ki-67, c-erbB2 expressions. A statistically significant relationship was found between Ki-67 and c-erbB2.

Conclusion:
Regarding prognosis prediction and treatment, identifying the molecular changes in genes playing roles in prostate cancer with next-generation sequencing is very important.
Identification of hub genes and pathogenesis in Kawasaki disease based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Cao Min , Zhang Zhenhu , Liu Qian , Zhang Yuda 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The aim of this study was to explore new biomarkers of Kawasaki disease (KD) and provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Materials and Methods:
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE68004 and GSE73461 were downloaded, and the differentially expressed genes (DGEs) were taken, along with DEGs enrichment analysis and protein interaction network. Finally, five algorithms in CytoHubba plug-in were applied to obtain hub genes.

Results:
In this study, 32 Co-DEGs were identified, and these genes mainly participated in neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil activation involved in immune response, and negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response; meanwhile, they were primarily enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, autophagy and apoptosis, ferroptosis, and other pathways. Combined with the results of PPI and CytoHubba, 13 key genes were selected as follows: S100A12, HK3, HP, MMP9, MCEMP1, PYGL, ARG1, HIST2H2AA, ANXA3, HIST2H2AC, HIST2H2AA3, GYG1, DYSF.

Conclusions:
These 13 key genes may mediate the occurrence and development of KD through various processes such as immune regulation, inflammatory response, glucose metabolism, autophagy, and apoptosis, which provide valuable references for the diagnosis and treatment of KD.
Disseminated multiloculated peritoneal inclusion cysts: Bubble trouble in belly
Authors: Osama Md A. , Aggarwal Aditi , Rao Seema , Yadav Amitabh , Verma Ritu 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Multiloculated peritoneal inclusion cysts, usually arise from peritoneal mesothelium lining the serous cavity of the abdomen, pelvis and retroperitoneum. These lesions can be incidentally found on imaging or during surgery, and confirmation of the diagnosis is done by radiological imaging, histomorphology and immunohistochemical findings. Although fewer than 200 cases of solitary peritoneal inclusion cysts have been reported, their occurrence in a disseminated fashion has hardly ever been described in literature. Herein, we report a case of multiloculated peritoneal inclusion cysts that involved the whole abdominal and pelvic cavity and were successfully treated with surgery.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 and its prevention among medical and dental students in an educational institution in Telangana
Authors: Deshpande Preeti U. , Basavaraju Anuradha , Veerapu Nagapraveen , Akula Ashish 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global pandemic, threatening millions of lives worldwide. Everyone was overwhelmed by the plethora of information from different sources, creating confusion, misconceptions, and panic in the community.

Aims:
This study aimed to estimate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among medical and dental students toward COVID-19 and to identify factors influencing them.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students enrolled in MBBS and BDS courses, and KAP scores were calculated using a self-administered questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done by unpaired t test and one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
MBBS students had higher KAP scores when compared with BDS students. Knowledge gaps were discovered in the areas of COVID-19 transmission through blood, World Health Organization (WHO)-designated variants of concern, disinfectant usage, and mandatory vaccination. A majority (91.33%) of the students had a positive attitude toward COVID-19. Better knowledge and practice scores were significantly associated with vaccinated students and those who trusted government website resources.

Conclusion:
Curriculum modifications and creative teaching strategies can fill the lacunae in the KAP scores. Medical and dental students, as torchbearers of the healthcare fraternity, can play a critical role in raising awareness during public health emergencies.