bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Breast Density and Subsequent Breast Cancer Following Treatment for Ductal Carcinoma In situ
Authors: Hwang E. Shelley , Miglioretti Diana L. , Ballard-Barbash Rachel , Weaver Donald L. , Kerlikowske Karla ,   for the National Cancer Institute Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Background: Risk of invasive cancer following treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is associated with both treatment- and tumor-related factors. However, it is unknown whether stromal factors such as breast density may also influence subsequent invasive breast events. We investigated whether breast density is an independent predictor of subsequent breast events among women treated for DCIS.
Population: A prospective cohort study of 3,274 women ages 30 to 93 in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium treated with lumpectomy for DCIS between 1993 and 2005. All subjects had an American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast density measure recorded prior to diagnosis.
Methods: Ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancer following lumpectomy for DCIS were ascertained through state tumor registries, regional Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program or pathology databases. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to compare adjusted risk of breast cancer among women with high (BI-RADS 3 or 4) versus low (BI-RADS 1 or 2) breast density.
Results: During a median follow-up period of 39 months (0-132 months), 133 women developed invasive breast cancer. After adjusting for age and radiation treatment, high breast density was associated with increased hazard for contralateral (hazard ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-6.1) but not ipsilateral (hazard ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.6) invasive breast events.
Conclusion: High breast density is associated with contralateral, but not ipsilateral, invasive breast cancer following lumpectomy for DCIS. Thus, women with DCIS and high breast density may especially benefit from antiestrogenic therapy to reduce the risk of contralateral invasive disease. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2587–93)
Nutrients Involved in One-Carbon Metabolism and Risk of Breast Cancer among Premenopausal Women
Authors: Cho Eunyoung , Holmes Michelle , Hankinson Susan E. , Willett Walter C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, methionine, choline, and betaine are nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and have been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, previous epidemiologic studies on most of these nutrients and breast cancer risk have been inconclusive and have included primarily postmenopausal women. No study has examined choline and betaine in relation to breast cancer risk. Therefore, we examined the intake of these nutrients in relation to breast cancer risk among 90,663 premenopausal women ages 26 to 46 years in 1991 in the Nurses' Health Study II. Nutrient intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire in 1991, 1995, and 1999. During 12 years of follow-up from 1991 to 2003, we documented 1,032 incident cases of invasive breast cancer. Overall, none of the nutrients was associated with risk of breast cancer. The results were similar by levels of alcohol intake and folate intake and for estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer. In conclusion, we found no evidence that higher intakes of nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism reduce risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2787–90)
Angkor Vogue: Sculpted Evidence of Imported Luxury Textiles in the Courts of Kings and Temples
Authors: Green Gillian 
Published: December 2007

AbstractComparison of bas relief medallions at Angkor with medallion patterns on Chinese silk and Indian cotton textiles provides compelling evidence that fabrics from these regions were actually in use in the courts of Khmer kings. They served two purposes. One was as items of opulent palace decoration; this role transferred to stone temples, homes of the gods. Second, they represented a canopy or ceiling above a sacred space. Another group, here termed “pseudomedallions,” is described and their function speculated on. While the original textiles at Angkor have long since disappeared, their representations in stone survive as a memorial to these practices. En comparant les médaillons des bas-reliefs d'Angkor avec les motifs de médaillon sur les soieries de Chine et les cotonnades d'Inde, il ressort clairement que ces textiles ont été en usage à la cour des rois khmers. Cette utilisation fut double: pour la décoration luxueuse des palais, étendue à celle des sanctuaires de pierre, maisons des dieux; pour confectionner un dais ou couvrir un espace sacré. Un autre groupe de 'pseudo-médaillons', est également décrit et sa fonction envisagée. Alors que les textiles originaux présents à Angkor ont depuis longtemps disparu, leurs représentations lapidaires ont survécu, témoignant de leur utilisation passée.
The Significance of the Genizah's Medical Documents for the Study of Medieval Mediterranean Trade
Authors: Amar Zohar , Lev Efraim 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe medical texts in the Genizah have been analyzed mainly as part of other subjects, like the various professional classes within the Jewish community in Old Cairo. Until now few have studied these documents in their own right, despite the fact that they offer valuable insights into the medieval economy of the Eastern Mediterranean and beyond. Focussing on saffron and myrobalan, this article offers a tentative investigation of the significance of medical drugs for the study of Mediterranean trade in the Middle Ages on the basis of practical medical fragments found mainly at the Taylor-Schechter collection in Cambridge. L'exploitation des textes médicaux de la Geniza a surtout servi aux sujets tels que les divers groupes professionnels de la communauté juive du vieux Caire. Jusqu'à présent de rares chercheurs ont étudiés ces manuscrits pour leur valeur intrinsèque. Pourtant, leur lecture permet d'approcher d'autres aspects de l'économie médiévale de la Méditerranée orientale et au-delà. Cette contribution, qui traite des drogues médicales, particulièrement le safran et le myrobalan, propose une première recherche sur l'importance des drogues médicales dans l'étude du commerce méditerranéen au Moyen-Âge. Elle est fondée sur les manuscrits incomplets traitant des pratiques médicales conservés principalement dans la collection Taylor-Schechter à Cambridge.
New Responses to Globalization of Scientific Research
Authors: Jiménez Jaime , Escalante Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe world's arrival into the era of knowledge is changing the perception of the role of science and technology in society. A good part of the scientific production appears to be linked to the needs of the global market. However, in the past few years, attempts at new forms of “doing science” have appeared throughout the globe that were very different from the current trends. Although these new forms share some characteristics that resemble those of “Mode 2,” as generally defined by Gibbons and associates in 1994, they differ drastically in the sense that they really are more socially accountable (i.e., at the grassroots level). These modes responded to a need for making scientific research more participative, more socially responsible, incorporating not only the scientists in the decision-making process but also those who have a stake in the results. In this paper, these path-breaking efforts of doing research in two Latin American countries are discussed and a comparison is made with the characteristics of Mode 2. Both cases are strongly based on the New Information and Communication Technologies (NICT). It is concluded that some segments of societies are concerned with the consequences of scientific research and are putting into practice alternative models that confront the current global trend. These models merit broader awareness and approach.
Evolutionary Psychology: 'New Science of the Mind' or 'Darwinian Fundamentalism'?
Authors: Swami Viren 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAs practitioners of a putative science of the mind, evolutionary psychologists have earned a degree of cachet with their provocative and sometimes controversial pronouncements about human nature and behaviour. In this article, I briefly survey the history of an evolutionary approach to the psychological sciences before considering the core assumptions of the field that has come to be known as 'evolutionary psychology'. By examining one particular example of evolutionary psychological research – on interpersonal attraction – I find this 'new science of the mind' to be lacking. Rather, I propose that developmental systems theory, buffered by a reconsideration of the dialectical sciences, offers a more comprehensive and rigorous approach to psychology. I further propose that historical materialists and those on the Left generally should take a keen interest in these issues as they have a bearing on social and political outcomes.
An Explanation of Non-Participation in Planning
Authors: Batley Richard 
Published: December 2007

One of the crucial tests of the policy of public participation called for in the 1968 Planning Act is whether it can work in areas which do not demand a say in planning. There is a danger that these areas could be jostled even further away from resources and consideration as the more vocal areas which have always demanded attention take full advantage of their rights under the new system. The citizen’s statutory right to information and consultation means litde if he doubts that his involvement can have any impact on planning, and if the local authority feel they have nothing to gain from hearing his views.
Although the 1968 Act required that the public should be informed and consulted in some way, it also gave local authorities greater power. First, it left the evolution of the means of consultation to the local authority. Second, it made planning a staged process which could be used to render the public quite impotent. In place of the old detailed development plan only the skeletal structure plan is now subject to public enquiry and ministerial approval, but at this stage the plan is insufficiently detailed for potential objectors to know how their interests are affected.
Automatic Identification of Diagnostic Significant Regions in Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy of Melanocytic Skin Tumors
Authors: Gerger A. , Wagner C. , Smolle J. , Wiltgen M. 
Published: December 2007

Summary

Objectives:
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is used for quick medical checkups. The aim of this study is to check the discrimination power of texture features for the automatic identification of diagnostic significant regions in CLSM views of skin lesions.

Methods:
In tissue counter analysis (TCA) the images are dissected in equal square elements, where different classes of features are calculated out. Features defined in the spatial domain are based on histogram (grey level distribution) and co-occurrence matrix (grey level combinations). The features defined in the frequency domain are based on spectral properties of the wavelet Daubechie 4 transform (texture exploration at different scales) and the Fourier transform (global texture properties are localized in the spectrum). Hundred cases of benign common nevi and malignant melanoma were used as the study set. Classification was done with CART (Classification and Regression Trees) analysis which splits the set of square elements into homogenous terminal nodes and generates a set of splitting rules.

Results:
Features based on the wavelet transform provide the best results with 96.0% of correctly classified elements from benign common nevi and 97.0% from malignant melanoma. The classification results are relocated to the images by use of the splitting rules as diagnostic aid. The discriminated square elements are highlighted in the images, showing tissue with features in good accordance with typical diagnostic CLSM features.

Conclusion:
Square elements with more than 80% of discrimination power enable the identification of diagnostic highly significant parts in confocal microscopic views of malignant melanoma.
Is Home Health Technology Adequate for Proactive Self-care?
Authors: Mueller M. , Wiley D. , Tentler A. , Bocko M. , Chen L. , Leibovici A. , Quinn J. , Shar A. , Pentland A. P. , Horwitz C. M. 
Published: December 2007

Summary

Objective:
To understand whether home health technology in the market and in development can satisfy the needs of patients and their non-professional caregivers for proactive support in managing health and chronic conditions in the home.

Methods:
A panel of clinical providers and technology researchers was assembled to examine whether home health technology addresses consumer-defined requirements for self-care devices. A lexicon of home care and self-care technology terms was then created. A global survey of home health technology for patients with heart disease and dementia was conducted. The 254 items identified were categorized by conditions treated, primary user, function, and purpose. A focus group of patients and caregivers was convened to describe their expectations of self-care technology. Items identified in the database were then assessed for these attributes.

Results:
Patients and family caregivers indicated a need for intelligent self-care technology which supports early diagnosis of health changes, intervention enablement, and improvement of communication quality among patients and the health care system. Of these, only intervention enablement was commonly found in the home health technology items identified.

Conclusions:
An opportunity exists to meet consumer self-care needs through increased research and development in intelligent self-care technology.
What Do Family Caregivers of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Desire in Smart Home Technologies?
Authors: Ollivet C. , Guigui C. , Hervé C. , Rialle V. 
Published: December 2007

Summary

Objectives:
The authors’ aim was to investigate the representations, wishes, and fears of family caregivers (FCs) regarding 14 innovative technologies (IT) for care aiding and burden alleviation, given the severe physical and psychological stress induced by dementia care, and the very slow uptake of these technologies in our society.

Methods:
A cluster sample survey based on a selfadministered questionnaire was carried out on data collected from 270 families of patients with Alzheimer’s disease or related disorders, located in the greater Paris area. Multiple Correspondence Analysis was used in addition to usual statistical tests to identify homogenous FCs clusters concerning the appreciation or rejection of the considered technologies.

Results:
Two opposite clusters were clearly defined: FCs in favor of a substantial use of technology, and those rather or totally hostile. Furthermore the distributions of almost all the answers of appreciations were U-shaped. Significant relations were demonstrated between IT appreciation and FC‘s family or gender statuses (e.g., female FCs appreciated a tracking device for quick recovering of wandering patients more than male FCs: p = 0.0025, N = 195).

Conclusions:
The study provides further evidence of the contrasted perception of technology in dementia care at home, and suggests the development of public debates based on rigorous assessment of practices and a strict ethical aim to protect against misuse.
Privacy and Senior Willingness to Adopt Smart Home Information Technology in Residential Care Facilities
Authors: Courtney K. L. 
Published: December 2007

Summary

Objectives:
With large predicted increases of the older adult (65 years and older) population, researchers have been exploring the use of smart home information technologies (IT) in residential care (RC) facilities to enhance resident quality of life and safety. Older adults’ perceptions of privacy can inhibit their acceptance and subsequent adoption of smart home IT.

Methods:
This qualitative study, guided by principles of grounded theory research, investigated the relationship between privacy, living environment and willingness of older adults living in residential care facilities to adopt smart home IT through focus groups and individual interviews.

Results:
The findings from this study indicate that privacy can be a barrier for older adults’ adoption of smart home IT; however their own perception of their need for the technology may override their privacy concerns. Privacy concerns, as a barrier to technology adoption, can be influenced by both individual-level and community-level factors.

Conclusions:
Further exploration of the factors influencing older adults’ perceptions of smart home IT need is necessary.
Suggestive linkage of a chromosomal locus on 18p11 to cyclothymic temperament in bipolar disorder families
Authors: Evans Lynn M. , Akiskal Hagop S. , Greenwood Tiffany A. , Nievergelt Caroline M. , Keck Paul E. , McElroy Susan L. , Sadovnick A. Dessa , Remick Ronald A. , Schork Nicholas J. , Kelsoe John R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAttempts to identify bipolar disorder (BP) genes have only enjoyed limited success. One potential cause for this problem is that the traditional categorical BP phenotypes currently used in genetic linkage studies are not the most informative, efficient, or biologically relevant. An alternative to these strict categorical BP phenotypes is quantitative BP phenotypes. By isolating one aspect of a complex trait such as BP into a simple, intermediate, quantitative trait, genes that contribute to the larger complex trait can be more readily identified. Along these lines, we utilized a temperament‐based measure (cyclothymic temperament) as a quantitative, intermediate BP phenotype in linkage analyses and hypothesized that this measure might more efficiently detect loci for BP or temperamental traits that predispose to BP. A total of 158 individuals with temperament data from 28 BP families were used in the linkage analyses. All pedigrees had a proband diagnosed with BPI or BPII and at least two other family members with a mood disorder diagnosis. An 8 cM genome scan was performed and analyzed using MERLIN nonparametric multipoint regression linkage for a cyclothymic temperament trait. The highest overall LOD score was on chromosome 18 (LOD = 2.71, P = 0.0002). Other linkage peaks which may indicate potential regions of interest were found on chromosomes 3 and 7. The temperament‐based cyclothymic trait yielded a higher peak LOD score and a lower P‐value than analyses using traditional, categorical phenotypes in a separate analysis including these same families. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical analysis of thermoplastic‐natural‐rubber‐reinforced short carbon fiber and kenaf fiber hybrid composites
Authors: Anuar H. , Ahmad S. H. , Rasid R. , Ahmad A. , Busu W. N. Wan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe hybridization of thermoplastic natural rubber based on carbon fiber (CF) and kenaf fiber (KF) was investigated for its mechanical and thermal properties. Hybrid composites were fabricated with a melt‐blending method in an internal mixer. Samples with overall fiber contents of 5, 10, 15, and 20 vol % were subjected to flexural testing, and samples with up to 30% fiber content were subjected to impact testing. For flexural testing, generally, the strength and modulus increased up to 15 vol % and then declined. However, for impact testing, higher fiber contents resulted in an increment in strength in both treated and untreated composites. Thermal analysis was carried out by means of dynamic mechanical analysis on composites with 15 vol % fiber content with fractions of CF to KF of 100/0, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, and 0/100. Generally, the storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan δ for the untreated hybrid composite were more consistent and better than those of the treated hybrid composites. The glass‐transition temperature of the treated hybrid composite was slightly lower than that of the untreated composite, which indicated poor damping properties. A scanning electron micrograph of the fracture surface of the treated hybrid composite gave insight into the damping characteristics. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Nigrostriatal Neurons in Rat Express the Glial Cell Line‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptor Subunit c‐RET
Authors: Wang Yan‐Qin , Bian Gan‐Lan , Wei Li‐Chun , Cao Rong , Peng Yi‐Feng , Chen Liang‐Wei 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe substantia nigra neurons expressing c‐RET, a glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor intracellular tyrosine kinase subunit, were investigated in rats by using a double labeling method which combined retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling after injection into the striatum with immunohistochemistry to c‐RET. It was revealed that the distribution of c‐RET–immunoreactive neurons and HRP‐labeled nigrostriatal neurons overlapped. Numerous double‐labeled HRP/c‐RET neurons were found in the substantia nigra pars compacta with predominate distribution ipsilateral to the injected striatum. Semiquantitative cell count indicated that a large percentage (97%) of HRP‐labeled neurons showed c‐RET immunoreactivity. Furthermore, double‐labeled HRP/c‐RET ones constituted only 61% of total c‐RET–immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra ipsolateral to the injected striatum. Taken together with previous observations on glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor in the basal ganglia, this study provides evidence that the c‐RET protein may mediate biological activity of GDNF family ligands in most of projecting neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta where the dopaminergic neurons are numerously distributed. Specially, it suggests that c‐RET–mediating signaling cascades may play important roles in neuron–glial interaction that support and sustain nigrostriatal neuronal circuits in the basal ganglia. Anat Rec, 291:49–54, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Podocyte Loss in Aging OVE26 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Teiken Jennifer M. , Audettey Janice L. , Laturnus Donna I. , Zheng Shirong , Epstein Paul N. , Carlson Edward C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRecent studies show that podocyte nuclear density (NV) and numbers of renal podocytes per glomerulus (N) are altered in experimental and spontaneous diabetes mellitus. NV and N are generally reduced, and it has been hypothesized that these morphological changes may relate to the loss of glomerular permselectivity in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the current study, OVE26 transgenic diabetic mice and age‐matched (FVB) controls (60, 150, or 450 days) were fixed by vascular perfusion and renal cortical tissues were prepared for morphometric analyses. ImageJ software and point counting analyses were carried out on light and transmission electron micrographs to determine glomerular volume (VG), NV, and N. As expected, mean VG in OVE26 mice increased substantially (∼134%) over the course of the study and was significantly increased over FVB mice at all ages. At 60 days, NV and N were not statistically distinguishable in OVE26 and control mice, while at 150 days, NV was significantly reduced in diabetics but not N. In 450‐day‐old OVE26 animals, however, NV and N were both significantly decreased (∼231% and ∼99%, respectively) relative to age‐matched FVB mice. These data suggest that in the OVE26 model of diabetes, significant podocyte loss occurs relatively late in the course of the disease. Moreover, it seems possible that these podocytic changes could play a role in sustaining the increased permeability of the blood–urine barrier in the later stages of diabetic renal decompensation. Anat Rec, 291:114–121, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.