bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A complex mechanism of call recognition in the katydid Neoconocephalus affinis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Bush Sarah L. , Beckers Oliver M. , Schul Johannes 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARY
Acoustic pattern recognition is important for bringing together males and females in many insect species. We used phonotaxis experiments on a walking compensator to study call recognition in the katydid Neoconocephalus affinis, a species with a double-pulsed call and an atypically slow pulse rate for the genus. Call recognition in this species is unusual because females require the presence of two alternating pulse amplitudes in the signal. A Fourier analysis of the stimulus-envelopes revealed that females respond only when both the first and second harmonics of the AM spectrum are of similar amplitude. The second harmonic is generated by the amplitude difference between the two pulses making up a pulse-pair. Females respond to double pulses that have been merged into a single pulse only if this amplitude modulation is preserved. Further experiments suggest that females use a resonance mechanism to recognize the pulse rate of the call, supporting a neural model of rate recognition in which periodic oscillations in membrane potential are used to filter the pulse rate of the signal. Our results illustrate how a reduction in pulse rate extends the opportunities for females to evaluate fine-scale temporal properties of calls, and provide further evidence for the importance of oscillatory membrane properties in temporal processing. The results are discussed with regard to evolutionary changes in call recognition mechanisms within the genus.
New media art as research: art-making beyond the autonomy of art and aesthetics
Authors: Strehovec Janez 
Published: February 2009

Today we come across new media art projects as post-industrial art services that occur at the intersection of contemporary art, new economy, post-political politics (activism, hacktivism), technosciences and techno lifestyles. The artwork is not a stable object anymore, it is a process,
an artistic software, an experience, a service devoted to solving a particular (cultural and non-cultural) problem, a research, an interface which demands from its user also the ability for associative selection, algorithmic (logical) thinking and for procedures pertaining to DJ and VJ culture,
such as mixing, cutting, sampling and recombination.
The art service is not so much the manufacturing of things as it is a process of reshaping the thing, moving it, repurposing it, connecting it and incorporating it into new contexts and relations. The service presupposes a problem, a
challenge or an order to be solved or carried out. The performer of the service is always faced with a certain task, challenged to solve it in a sequence of steps, chosen as economically as possible. The service therefore ends with a solution of the problem (or its removal) and not with the
manufacturing of a finished object. The service always implies an algorithmic procedure that has to be as rational as possible, economical, divided into phases, steps, instructions needed for it to be carried out. By defining the new media art in terms of post-industrial service activity,
the traditional concepts of aesthetic and autonomous art are left behind and replaced with novel theoretical devices, e.g. software, repurposing, remixing, recombination, rewriting and hybridization.
Exploring hypermedia through the myths
Authors: Nascimento Cludia Martin 
Published: February 2009

Nowadays hypermedia constitutes, with its singular characteristics, a new language whose structure seems to be complex because it includes features such as multiple simultaneous paths, multiplicity of voices, the simultaneous manifestation of ordinary and scholarly languages and the
mixture of means, genres and verbal, visual and aural languages. However, behind its complexity, hypermedia can reveal simple structures of order. Comprehending its nature, we can better construct using its language. This has great potential for creating narratives understood as universal
manifestations of human discourse through which people share their comprehension of the world.
Using a parallel between the narrative structure of hypermedia and that found by the anthropologist Claude Lvi-Strauss in South-American indigenous mythical narratives, I looked for an alternative
perspective for the comprehension and manipulation of the hypermedia logic structure and the resources it mobilizes to form a coherent whole, such as the temporality and spatiality of narratives, symbology and metaphors and its own alternative means of producing meaning.
Gelotophobia: The fear of being laughed at
Authors: Titze Michael 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGelotophobia may be considered as a specific variant of shame-bound anxiety. It is defined as the pathological fear of being an object of laughter. This fear can be traced back to early childhood experiences of intense and repeated exposure to “put-down,” mockery and ridicule in the course of socialization. Gelotophobes constantly fear being screened by others for evidence of ridiculousness. Thus, they carefully avoid situations in which they feel exposed to others. Gelotophobia at its extreme, therefore, involves a pronounced paranoid tendency, a marked sensitivity to offense, and a resulting social withdrawal (Titze, Die heilende Kraft des Lachens, 1995, Humor & Health Journal 5:1–11, 1996). The origins and consequences of gelotophobia are described, and a model of specific treatment is presented.
Humor theory and the fear of being laughed at
Authors: Davies Christie 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSystematic empirical research into the extent to which individuals in different societies fear being laughed at is new and has implications for humor theory. Humor theorists such as Hobbes and Bergson implicitly assume that such fears were generally at a high level and both Hobbes' superiority theory of laughter and Bergson's view of it as a social corrective depend on this assumption. They purport to be general theories but are in fact the product of the particular societies in which those philosophers' lived and whose mores they took for granted. However, we can use their work to generate hypotheses that can in the future be tested against the comparative empirical data now being produced. In particular we should pay attention is the social variables of shame, face, etiquette and embarrassment on the one hand, and hierarchy, status divisions and power on the other, as probably having explanatory power.
The emotions of gelotophobes: Shameful, fearful, and joyless?
Authors: Platt Tracey , Ruch Willibald 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe present research examines the hypothesis that the fear of being laughed at is related to three emotions: shame, fear, and (low) joy. In two self-report studies the participants (N = 234, N = 102) filled in the GELOPH (Ruch and Titze, GELOPH〈46〉. Unpublished questionnaire, 1998) for the assessment of the level of gelotophobia and the Anchor Que question form (Ekman, Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life, Owl Books, 2007) measuring five parameters (latency, maximal intensity, duration, expression, and intensity during a typical week) of emotions. Across both studies gelotophobes reported that their maximal experience of shame was of a higher intensity and longer duration, also they reported experiencing shame more frequently during a typical week. Their maximal experience of happiness was less intense, and it took longer for these intense feeling to develop lasting for shorter periods of time. Gelotophobia was also positively related to intensity, duration, and intensity experienced during a typical week of fear. Among individuals with a higher prevalence of shame, compared to happiness, approximately 50% were gelotophobes. Gelotophobia is notably related to the interplay of three emotions fear, shame and the low disposition to happiness. This dynamic is a new, yet equally plausible explanation for the onset of gelotophobia.
Legal and Biological Perspectives of “Plant Variety” in IPR Context
Authors: Parvin Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe possibilities of human intervention on plants were limited for a long time to simple handling of selection or crossing which were always regarded as essentially biological processes. However, the development of the genetic engineering in the field of plants and the possibilities of plants genetic inheritance handling by the advanced techniques, such as the recombining DNA, evoked debates over the patentability of plant inventions.According to Article 27.3(b) of the TRIPS Agreement, Members may exclude “plants” from patentability, but they shall provide for the protection of “plant varieties” either by patent or by an effectiveThe relationship between plant breeder's rights (as aIn view of the importance of the decision of countries to protect plant varieties, the study assesses also the legal positions adopted by jurisprudence or doctrine to determine the scope of the plant varieties exception.It is concluded that the actual and biological differences between “plant” and “plant variety” could give good reason for interpreting the two terms in different ways.
Mosquito Bed Net Use and Burkitt Lymphoma Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Schmit Nora , Kaur Jeevan , Aglago Elom K. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is one of the most common childhood cancers in sub-Saharan Africa and is etiologically linked to malaria. However, evidence for an effect of malaria interventions on BL is limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the potential population-level association between large-scale rollout of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) in sub-Saharan Africa in the 2000s and BL incidence.Data SourcesIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, a search was conducted in the Embase, Global Health, and Medline databases and in cancer registry publications between January 1, 1990, and February 27, 2023.Study SelectionAll epidemiologic studies on BL incidence rates in children and adolescents aged 0 to 15 years in sub-Saharan African countries where malaria is endemic were identified by 2 reviewers blinded to each other’s decision.Data Extraction and SynthesisThe systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline. Data were extracted independently by 2 reviewers, and quality was scored based on 3 predefined criteria: data collection, case ascertainment, and calculation of person-time at risk.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence rates of BL during childhood and mean ITN use in the population. Data were analyzed using a random-effects negative binomial regression model.ResultsOf 2333 studies meeting selection criteria, 23 comprising 66 data points on BL incidence were included based on 5226 BL cases from locations with large-scale ITN use in 17 countries. Rates of BL were 44% (95% CI, 12%-64%) lower in the period after ITN introduction compared with before. The adjusted pooled incidence rates of BL were 1.36 (95% CI, 0.88-2.10) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.50-1.16) per 100 000 person-years before and after introduction of ITNs, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, a 1–percentage point increase in mean ITN use in the population in the 10 years before BL data collection was associated with a 2% (95% CI, 1%-4%) reduction in BL incidence.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, large-scale rollout of ITNs in the 2000s was associated with a reduction in BL burden among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Although published data may not be representative of all incidence rates across sub-Saharan Africa, this study highlights a potential additional benefit of malaria control programs.
Phenylsilane
Authors: Yang Junyu , Ali Siraj , Radosevich Alexander T. 
Published: April 2024

image

[694‐53‐1]

C
6
H
5
SiH
3

(MW 108.22)

InChI =
1S/C6H8Si/c7‐6‐4‐2‐1‐3‐5‐6/h1‐5H,7H3

InChiKey =
PARWUHTVGZSQPD‐UHFFFAOYSA‐N

(reagent used as reductant in catalysis)

Physical Data
: bp 120 °C (750 torr)

1

; density = 0.8775 g mL
−2
.

Solubility
: soluble in most organic solvents; releases flammable gas upon contact with water.

Form Supplied
: clear, colorless oil, commercially available.

Analysis of Reagent Purity
: purity is analyzed by
1
H NMR (500 MHz, CD
2
Cl
2
): δ 4.19 (s, 3
H
), 7.36–7.41 (m, 3
H
), 7.37 (d,
J
= 7.6 Hz, 2
H
);
13
C{1
H
} NMR (126 MHz, CD
2
Cl
2
): δ 128.7 (s, 2C), 130.4 (s), 136.2 (s), 136.4 (s, 2C), and
29
Si DEPT NMR (99 MHz, CD
2
Cl
2
) δ −59.8.

2

Preparative Method
: reduction of phenyltrichlorosilane or phenyltriethoxysilane with lithium aluminum hydride in ether.

1,3

Purification
: distillation under nitrogen at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

4

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: flammable. Stable at room temperature in closed containers. Phenylsilane is capable of releasing hydrogen gas upon storage, particularly in the presence of acids, bases, or fluoride‐releasing salts.

5

Precautions should be taken to vent possible hydrogen buildup when opening vessels in which phenylsilane is stored.
[
N
,
N
′‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)]‐2,2′‐bipyrrolidinebis(acetonitrile)iron(II) hexafluoroantimonate (White–Chen catalyst; Fe(
S
,
S
‐PDP) or Fe(
R
,
R
‐PDP))
Authors: Magauer Thomas , Kováč Ondřej 
Published: April 2024

image

[
959395‐10‐9
]

C
24
H
32
F
12
FeN
6
Sb
2

(MW 931.90)

InChI =
1S/C20H26N4.2C2H3N.12FH.Fe.2Sb/c1‐3‐11‐21‐17(7‐1)15‐23‐13‐5‐9‐19(23)20‐10‐6‐14‐24(20)16‐18‐8‐2‐4‐12‐22‐18;2*1‐2‐3;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h1‐4,7‐8,11‐12,19‐20H,5‐6,9‐10,13‐16H2;2*1H3;12*1H;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;+2;2*+5/p‐12/t19‐,20‐;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/m0................./s1

InChiKey =
XUNWHBGEOCZDBX‐CGOGJHNFSA‐B

[
1361315‐26‐5
]

C
24
H
32
F
12
FeN
6
Sb
2

(MW 931.90)

InChI =
1S/C20H26N4.2C2H3N.12FH.Fe.2Sb/c1‐3‐11‐21‐17(7‐1)15‐23‐13‐5‐9‐19(23)20‐10‐6‐14‐24(20)16‐18‐8‐2‐4‐12‐22‐18;2*1‐2‐3;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h1‐4,7‐8,11‐12,19‐20H,5‐6,9‐10,13‐16H2;2*1H3;12*1H;;;/q;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;+2;2*+5/p‐12/t19‐,20‐;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/m1................./s1

InChiKey =
XUNWHBGEOCZDBX‐QSKJABRXSA‐B

(catalyst used for oxidative radical reactions, selective oxidation of alkyl carbon–hydrogen bonds, and methylene group oxidation)

Alternative Names
: White–Chen catalyst, [Fe(
S
,
S
‐PDP)(CH
3
CN)
2
](SbF
6
)
2
or [Fe(
R
,
R
‐PDP)(CH
3
CN)
2
](SbF
6
)
2
, Fe(
S
,
S
‐PDP) or Fe(
R
,
R
‐PDP).

Physical Data
: solid (white to purple)
,
m.p. 215–226 °C.

Solubility
: soluble in acetonitrile, dichloromethane,
tert
‐butyl alcohol, hexafluoro‐2‐propanol, or their mixtures.

Form Supplied in
: powder.

Analysis of Reagent Purity
: structure confirmation via X‐ray, purity not specified.

Preparative Methods
: catalyst is prepared from (
S,S
)‐PDP or (
R,R
)‐PDP ligand dissolved in CH
3
CN followed by the addition of Fe(II)Cl
2
·4H
2
O and AgSbF
6
.

1

Purification
: not required.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: handle and store under inert gas. Air‐ and moisture‐sensitive. Toxicity not reported. Can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation upon exposure.
Aryl Thianthrenium Triflates
Authors: Roberts Riley , Stuart David 
Published: April 2024

image

A

[
195072‐48‐1
]

C
19
H
13
F
3
O
3
S
3

(MW 442.48)

InChI =
1S/C18H13S2.CHF3O3S/c1‐2‐8‐14(9‐3‐1)20‐17‐12‐6‐4‐10‐15(17)19‐16‐11‐5‐7‐13‐18(16)20;2‐1(3,4)8(5,6)7/h1‐13H;(H,5,6,7)/q+1;/p‐1

InChiKey =
ILICKJZOLUIMMN‐UHFFFAOYSA‐M

B

[
2839478‐51‐0
]

C
20
H
14
ClF
3
O
4
S
3

(MW 506.95)

InChI =
1S/C19H14ClOS2.CHF3O3S/c1‐21‐15‐11‐10‐13(12‐14(15)20)23‐18‐8‐4‐2‐6‐16(18)22‐17‐7‐3‐5‐9‐19(17)23;2‐1(3,4)8(5,6)7/h2‐12H,1H3;(H,5,6,7)/q+1;/p‐1

InChiKey =
UHXRBIHFIKXURP‐UHFFFAOYSA‐M

C

[
2786722‐96‐9
]

C
20
H
12
F
6
O
3
S
3

(MW 510.48)

InChI =
1S/C19H12F3S2.CHF3O3S/c20‐19(21,22)13‐9‐11‐14(12‐10‐13)24‐17‐7‐3‐1‐5‐15(17)23‐16‐6‐2‐4‐8‐18(16)24;2‐1(3,4)8(5,6)7/h1‐12H;(H,5,6,7)/q+1;/p‐1

InChiKey =
UEAVFAKSNUECER‐UHFFFAOYSA‐M

D

[
2786723‐55‐3
]

C
18
H
12
F
3
NO
3
S
3

(MW 443.47)

InChI =
1S/C17H12NS2.CHF3O3S/c1‐3‐7‐16‐14(5‐1)19‐15‐6‐2‐4‐8‐17(15)20(16)13‐9‐11‐18‐12‐10‐13;2‐1(3,4)8(5,6)7/h1‐12H;(H,5,6,7)/q+1;/p‐1

InChiKey =
SRMXRMTYQFMLCQ‐UHFFFAOYSA‐M

(reagents used as an aryl pseudohalide in transition‐metal catalyzed, transition metal‐free, and photochemical reactions)

Physical Data
:

A

mp 202.8–204.7 °C.

1

B

mp 159.2–162.7 °C.

2

C

mp (Not reported).

D

mp (Not reported).

A–D

Solubility
: soluble in acetonitrile and dichloromethane.

A
–
D

Form Supplied in
: not commercially available; free‐flowing solids prepared by literature procedures.

3–5

A
–
D

Analysis of Reagent Purity
:
1
H and
19
F NMR.

A
–
D

Purification
: trituration from dichloromethane using diethyl ether or hexanes; silica gel chromatography (eluting with DCM:MeOH).

A
–
D

Handling, Storage, and Precautions
: stable under ambient conditions for extended periods of time.

3

Can be weighed in normal atmosphere and stored in a vial under air.

Preparative Methods
: (From simple arenes)

A

Treatment of thianthrene
S
‐oxide (TTSO) with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) and triflic acid (TfOH) in the presence of a desired arene in acetonitrile at 0 °C. After the addition of all reagents, reactions are typically allowed to stir between 1 and 18 h depending on the substrate. Alternatively, treatment of TTSO with triflic anhydride (Tf
2
O) in the presence of a desired arene in dichloromethane or acetonitrile at −40 °C.

3,5

After completion, the purple reaction is quenched with methanol to generate a colorless/yellow solution. The crude reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue is triturated with diethyl ether to afford a solid which is isolated by filtration.

A–D

(From arylboronic acids) Treatment of the desired arylboronic acid with thianthrene, copper(II) triflate and water in acetonitrile under nitrogen atmosphere at 100 °C for 3 h. After aqueous workup, the crude residue is triturated with diethyl ether to afford a solid which is isolated by filtration.

4
Event‐triggered adaptive tracking control for stochastic nonlinear systems under predetermined finite‐time performance
Authors: Wang Dong‐Mei , Zhu Shan‐Liang , Lu Li‐Ting , Han Yu‐Qun , Wang Wenwu , Zhou Qing‐Hua 
Published: April 2024

SummaryIn this paper, an event‐triggered adaptive tracking control strategy is proposed for strict‐feedback stochastic nonlinear systems with predetermined finite‐time performance. Firstly, a finite‐time performance function (FTPF) is introduced to describe the predetermined tracking performance. With the help of the error transformation technique, the original constrained tracking error is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained variable. Then, the unknown nonlinear functions are approximated by using the multi‐dimensional Taylor networks (MTNs) in the backstepping design process. Meanwhile, an event‐triggered mechanism with a relative threshold is introduced to reduce the communication burden between actuators and controllers. Furthermore, the proposed control strategy can ensure that all signals of the closed‐loop system are bounded in probability and the tracking error is within a predefined range in a finite time. In the end, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by two simulation examples.
Functionalized Double‐Gradient Janus Filters for Full‐Scale Capture and Inactivation of Multiscale Aqueous Bioaerosols
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Wang Di , You Tianle , Pan Zhengyuan , Xu Guilong , Liang Yun , Tang Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExposure to bioaerosols can result in severe infection and even death, prompting the development of numerous air filters to capture and inactivate bioaerosols. Although the wettability of filter media determines its bioaerosol‐capture efficiency, the dynamic collision behavior of multiscale aqueous bioaerosols on most filter media is poorly understood. A double‐gradient Janus paper (Janus paper) with a pore‐size gradient, asymmetric wettability, and biocidal and bioadhesion properties is fabricated in this study using an industrially available papermaking process. The dynamic collision behavior at the micrometer and millimeter scales indicates that the Janus paper enables the full‐scale blocking and/or capture of aqueous aerosols by a two‐step mechanism where the water‐repellent top layer blocks large‐size aqueous aerosols, while the hydrophilic bottom layer permits the adherence of small‐size aerosols to its fibers. The Janus paper exhibits a higher capture and inactivation capacity (inactivation efficiency: 98.3%), better dust‐holding capacity (> 21 g m−2), and a longer lifetime than commercial filter media. Commercial air purifiers comprising the Janus paper exhibit high potential for large‐scale commercial applications owing to the facile, low‐cost, and scalable fabrication method. This study enables future research on efficient and practicable Janus‐paper filter media.
A 700 nm LED Light Activated Ru(II) Complex Destroys Tumor Cytoskeleton via Photosensitization and Photocatalysis
Authors: Dao Anyi , Chen Shiyan , Pan Li , Ren Qingyan , Wang Xun , Wu Haorui , Gong Qiufang , Chen Zeduan , Ji Shaomin , Ru Jiaxi , Zhu HaoTu , Liang Chao , Zhang Pingyu , Xia Haiping , Huang Huaiyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotoactivable chemotherapy (PACT) using metallic complexes provides spatiotemporal selectivity over drug activation for targeted anticancer therapy. However, the poor absorption in near‐infrared (NIR) light region of most metallic complexes renders tissue penetration challenging. Herein, an NIR light triggered dinuclear photoactivable Ru(II) complex (Ru2) is presented and the antitumor mechanism is comprehensively investigated. The introduction of a donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) linker greatly enhances the intramolecular charge transition, resulting in a high molar extinction coefficient in the NIR region with an extended triplet excited state lifetime. Most importantly, when activated by 700 nm NIR light, Ru2 exhibits unique slow photodissociation kinetics that facilitates synergistic photosensitization and photocatalytic activity to destroy diverse intracellular biomolecules. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that when activated by 700 nm NIR light, Ru2 exhibits nanomolar photocytotoxicity toward 4T1 cancer cells via the induction of calcium overload and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These findings provide a robust foundation for the development of NIR‐activated Ru(II) PACT complexes for phototherapeutic application.