bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accessing newly learned names and meanings in the native language
Authors: Hultén Annika , Vihla Minna , Laine Matti , Salmelin Riitta 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTen healthy adults encountered pictures of unfamiliar archaic tools and successfully learned either their name, verbal definition of their usage, or both. Neural representation of the newly acquired information was probed with magnetoencephalography in an overt picture‐naming task before and after learning, and in two categorization tasks after learning. Within 400 ms, activation proceeded from occipital through parietal to left temporal cortex, inferior frontal cortex (naming) and right temporal cortex (categorization). Comparison of naming of newly learned versus familiar pictures indicated that acquisition and maintenance of word forms are supported by the same neural network. Explicit access to newly learned phonology when such information was known strongly enhanced left temporal activation. By contrast, access to newly learned semantics had no comparable, direct neural effects. Both the behavioral learning pattern and neurophysiological results point to fundamentally different implementation of and access to phonological versus semantic features in processing pictured objects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voluntary activation and cortical activity during a sustained maximal contraction: An fMRI study
Authors: Post Marijn , Steens Anneke , Renken Remco , Maurits Natasha M. , Zijdewind Inge 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMotor fatigue is an exercise‐induced reduction in the force‐generating capacity. The underlying mechanisms can be separated into factors residing in the periphery or in the central nervous system. We designed an experiment in which we investigated central processes underlying motor fatigue by means of magnetic resonance imaging in combination with the twitch interpolation technique. Subjects performed a sustained maximal abduction (2 min) with the right index finger. Brain activation was recorded with an MR scanner, together with index finger abduction force, EMG of several hand muscles and interpolated twitches. Mean activity per volume was calculated for the primary motor cortex and the secondary motor areas (supplementary motor, premotor, and cingulate areas) as well as mean force and mean rectified EMG amplitude. Results showed a progressive decline in maximal index finger abduction force and EMG of the target muscles combined with an increase in brain activity in the contralateral primary motor cortex and secondary motor areas. Analysis of the twitches superimposed on the sustained contraction revealed that during the contraction the voluntary drive decreased significantly. In conclusion, our data showed that despite an increase in brain activity the voluntary activation decreased. This suggests that, although the CNS increased its input to the relevant motor areas, this increase was insufficient to overcome fatigue‐related changes in the voluntary drive. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
White matter tract integrity in aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Damoiseaux Jessica S. , Smith Stephen M. , Witter Menno P. , Sanz‐Arigita Ernesto J. , Barkhof Frederik , Scheltens Philip , Stam Cornelis J. , Zarei Mojtaba , Rombouts Serge A.R.B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe pattern of degenerative changes in the brain white matter (WM) in aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been under debate. Methods of image analysis are an important factor affecting the outcomes of various studies. Here we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to obtain fractional anisotropy (FA) measures of the WM in healthy young (n = 8), healthy elderly (n = 22), MCI (n = 8), and AD patients (n = 16). We then applied “tract‐based spatial statistics” (TBSS) to study the effects of aging, MCI, and AD on WM integrity. Our results show that changes in WM integrity (that is, decreases in FA) are different between healthy aging and AD: in healthy older subjects compared with healthy young subjects decreased FA was primarily observed in frontal, parietal, and subcortical areas whereas in AD, compared with healthy older subjects, decreased FA was only observed in the left anterior temporal lobe. This different pattern of decreased anatomical connectivity in normal aging and AD suggests that AD is not merely accelerated aging. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonrigid registration of multiple sclerosis brain images using lesion inpainting for morphometry or lesion mapping
Authors: Sdika Michaël , Pelletier Daniel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMorphometric studies of medical images often include a nonrigid registration step from a subject to a common reference. The presence of white matter multiple sclerosis lesions will distort and bias the output of the registration. In this article, we present a method to remove this bias by filling such lesions to make the brain look like a healthy brain before the registration. We finally propose a dedicated method to fill the lesions and present numerical results showing that our method outperforms current state of the art method. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PET‐based investigation of cerebral activation following intranasal trigeminal stimulation
Authors: Hummel Thomas , Oehme Liane , van den Hoff Jörg , Gerber Johannes , Heinke Michael , Boyle Julie A. , Beuthien‐Baumann Bettina 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate cerebral activation following intranasal trigeminal chemosensory stimulation using O15‐H2O‐PET. A total of 12 healthy male participants underwent a PET scan presented with four scanning conditions; two left‐sided intranasal CO2‐stimuli and two matched baseline conditions consisting of odorless air. CO2 was used as it produces burning and stinging sensations. Stimulation started 20 s before intravenous injection of the isotope and lasted for the first 60 s of the 5 min scan time. A comparison between CO2 and baseline showed a pronounced activation of the trigeminal projection area at the base of the postcentral gyrus (primary and secondary somatosensory cortex) which was more intense for the right hemisphere, contralateral to the side of stimulation. In addition, activation was also found in the piriform cortex which is typically activated following odor presentation and thus thought of as primary olfactory cortex. In conclusion, and in line with previously published work, our data suggest that intranasal trigeminal stimulation not only activates somatosensory projection areas, but that it also leads to activation in cerebral areas associated with the processing of olfactory information. This may be interpreted in terms of the intimate relation between the intranasal chemosensory systems. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary prevention of malignant glioma aggressiveness, implications in oxidant stress and apoptosis
Authors: Pouliquen Daniel , Olivier Christophe , Hervouet Eric , Pedelaborde Francois , Debien Emilie , Le Cabellec Marie‐Thérèse , Gratas Catherine , Homma Taku , Meflah Khaled , Vallette Francois M. , Menanteau Jean 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOur study explored the influence of diet on gliomagenesis and associated systemic effects (SE) in rats. The experimental diet contained various ingredients supposed to interfere with carcinogenesis, mainly phytochemicals (PtcD for phytochemical diet) and its effects were compared to those of the same diet without the phytochemicals (BD for basal diet). Glioma was induced by ethylnitrosourea to pregnant females fed the diets from the start of gestation until the moment of sacrifice of the offpsrings. In male rats fed the PtcD or the BD the incidence of gliomas was markedly reduced compared to rats fed a standard diet (StD). In females this effect was weaker and was limited to the PtcD. A significant proportion of rats with brain tumors and fed the StD exhibited SE evidenced by weight loss, a shorter survival, reduction in liver weight and an increased proportion of liver mitochondria, effects that were not observed in their counterpart fed PtcD. Comparison of the expression of genes involved in the balance proliferation/apoptosis and in the response to oxidative stress in male brain tumors showed that the prevention of SE was associated with an increase in bcl‐2 and catalase and a decrease in ki‐67, sod‐1 and sod‐2 transcripts. These results show that the degree of agressiveness of gliomas can be modulated by dietary interventions and suggest that some phytochemicals with antioxidant properties could participate to the mechanism. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Constrained image reconstruction for magnetic detection electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Ireland Rob H. , Barber David C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMagnetic detection electrical impedance tomography (MD‐EIT) produces images of conductivity from magnetic field measurements taken around the body. The ill‐conditioned nature of the MD‐EIT inverse problem is improved by limiting the number of unknowns to be solved. In this article, a method of iterative grid refinement for MD‐EIT, which produces images significantly better than unconstrained solutions, is described. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 379–382, 2007
Improved data hiding in halftone images with cooperating pair toggling human visual system
Authors: Guo Jing‐Ming 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn improved data hiding in halftone images with cooperating pair toggling human visual system is presented in this paper. An objective halftone image quality evaluation method based on the human visual system obtained by Least‐Mean‐Square (LMS) is also introduced. By rigorously searching the optimum toggled pixels with the proposed human visual LMS‐trained filter, the proposed method is proven to be superior to the Data Hiding Smart Pair Toggling, proposed by Fu and Au [Fu and Au, IEEE Trans Image Process 11 (2002), 477–484], in image quality under a number of tested halftone images. The tested halftone images include ordered dithering [Ulichney, Digital Halftoning (1987)], Floyd error diffusion [Floyd and Steinberg, An adaptive algorithm for spatial gray scale (1975) 36–37], Jarvis error diffusion [Jarvis et al., Comp Graph Image Proc 5 (1976), 13–40], and Stucki error diffusion images. Moreover, the proposed method offers high embedded capacity, and it is flexible to deal with different capacity applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 328–332, 2007
Analysis of skin images using texture descriptor by a combined statistical and structural approach
Authors: Umarani C. , Ganesan L. , Radhakrishnan S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this article, an attempt has been made to analyze various skin (textured) images. They are caused because of hot water, chemical, electrical, thermal, cigarette, etc. These images are analyzed using our texture representation scheme. Our approach uses a set of 92 texture primitives. They are tested for the presence of texture by a statistical design of experiments based approach [Ganesan and Bhattacharyya, Pattern Recogn 28 (1995), 99–105]. These texture primitives are concluded as the local descriptor and their distribution over the entire image is the global representation called texture primitive spectrum. The set of texture primitives and the texture primitive spectrums are successful for a number of Bench mark images (Brodatz, Texture—A photographic album for artists and designers, Reinbold, New York, 1968; Vistex, Available at http://www.white.media.mit.edu\vismod\imgery\Vision Texture, MIT Media Lab, 1995). Using the texture primitive spectrum, several texture images have been categorized as micro, macro, fine, and coarse and a trend is obtained. Similarly, a set of skin images affected by severe burn with many causes are analyzed. The severity has been quantified and concluded based on simple and weighted mean computed for the texture primitive spectrums. The extent of burn and hence the curing duration can be approximated from the results. The outcome of our experimentation with ground truth and the opinion from the experts are closely matching. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 359–366, 2007
Co‐expression of elastin and collagen leads to highly compliant engineered blood vessels
Authors: Gao Jin , Crapo Peter , Nerem Robert , Wang Yadong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractElastin synthesis and physiologic compliance are significant challenges in blood vessel tissue engineering. Here, we report that a biocompatible elastomeric scaffold can support the co‐expression of elastin and collagen, which likely yielded the physiologic compliance in the constructs. A biodegradable elastomer, poly(glycerol sebacate), was fabricated into highly porous tubular scaffolds. Primary baboon arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were seeded in the lumen of the scaffolds followed by a 1‐week culture under gentle perfusion. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) isolated from baboon peripheral blood was seeded directly on the smooth muscle layer in the lumen on day 8. The constructs were perfused using a pulsatile flow system for another 2 weeks before characterization. In another set of experiments, the SMCs were cultured for 7 weeks and were co‐cultured for 1 week with the EPCs. Constructs obtained using either set of culture conditions contained elastin and collagen: Masson's trichrome stain showed a circumferential collagen band in the constructs, and elastin was evident from its characteristic autofluorescence, Verhoff's stain, and amino acid analysis of insoluble remnants after hot alkali digestion. All constructs had a confluent cellular lumen with cells well‐dispersed throughout the scaffolds. At physiologic pressures, the compliance of the 8‐week construct was comparable to human arteries as observed in pressure‐diameter testing. Combination of elastomeric scaffolds, co‐culture of EPC and SMC, and mechanical conditioning appears to encourage the expression of a more natural extracellular matrix and lead to physiologically‐relevant compliance; both are major challenges in blood vessel tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Ectopic testicular xenografts from newborn hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) show better spermatogenic activity in aged compared with young recipients
Authors: Ehmcke Jens , Gassei Kathrin , Schlatt Stefan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe mechanisms behind testicular aging are poorly understood. Previous studies suggest that the testicular microenvironment is more affected by age than the male germ cell lineage. Here we analyze male reproductive aging using a unique xenografting approach. By exposing young and aged mice to newborn hamster testicular tissue, we can explore (a) whether the development and endocrine activity of hamster testicular grafts and the initiation of stem cell activity within them are affected by age of the recipients and (b) whether the endocrine response to the xenografted hamster tissue varies with recipient age. Newborn Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) testes were grafted into young (12 weeks) and aged (1 year) adult castrated nude mice. We also analyzed intact and castrated young and old control groups. After 13 weeks, 100 grafts were recovered from a total of 15 recipients and were histologically analyzed. Anatomical and endocrine parameters were recorded for each recipient as well as for the controls. Xenografted recipients responded with a normalization of their endocrine and anatomical parameters to an extent typical for their age. Although recipient age did not significantly affect graft survival and size, histopathological changes as well as spermatogenic damage within the grafts were more pronounced in the young recipients (56% Sertoli‐cell‐only tubules vs. 32% in the old recipients). We conclude from our data that the androgen‐related changes associated with male reproductive aging are not primarily controlled by the testis. We speculate that the better development of testicular grafts in aged recipients may be owing to immunosenescence. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:278–287, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iberia in 1816, the year without a summer
Authors: Trigo Ricardo M. , Vaquero José M. , Alcoforado Maria‐João , Barriendos Mariano , Taborda João , García‐Herrera Ricardo , Luterbacher Juerg 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe year 1816 was characterized by unusual weather conditions, in particular, by a cold and wet summer season (‘year without a summer’) on both the European and North American continents. The eruption of Tambora, an active stratavolcano, on the Island of Sumbaya (Indonesia) in April 1815 has been identified as the main driving force for the strong 1816 temperature anomaly. This climate anomaly has been relatively well studied in central Europe, France, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom. The unusual unsettled weather and climate at mid‐latitudes in 1816 and 1817 had major socio‐economic impacts, particularly in terms of a poor yield of agricultural production, malnutrition and consequentially an increased potential for diseases and epidemics. The Iberian Peninsula was also affected by the intense climate anomalies during those years. Documentary sources describe the impact that the cold and wet summer of 1816 had on agriculture, namely the bad quality of fruits, delayed ripening of vineyards and cereals.It is within this context that we stress the relevance of recently recovered meteorological observed data, from 1816 onwards, for stations located in Portugal (Lisbon) and also for a longer period for the Spanish stations of Madrid, Barcelona and San Fernando‐Cadiz. We have compared observed (station‐based) and large‐scale reconstructed seasonal temperature anomalies computed for the winter and summer seasons after the eruption (1816–1818). There is qualitative agreement between the two independent data sets, though some stations partly indicate stronger departures from the long‐term averages for single years compared to neighbouring grid points. In particular, all available stations reveal a cold summer of 1816, mainly in July and August. In comparison to the 1871–1900 reference period, those two months were 2–3 °C cooler, close to what has been reported for central Europe. We also discuss the regional climate anomalies for those years (1816–1818) using independently reconstructed atmospheric circulation fields. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Team coaching helps a leadership team drive cultural change at Caterpillar
Authors: Anderson Merrill C. , Anderson Dianna L. , Mayo William D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTeam coaching readied NACD's top leaders for a broad cultural initiative, showing them how to be more effective with each other, and then how to drive behavioral change across the business by embodying the principles of service. The three‐phase initiative included coaching activities such as peer feedback, individual coaching engagements, in‐the‐moment group coaching, and coaching skills training. The leadership team dealt with its nonproductive habits of interaction; gained deeper insights about the individual and organizational behavior changes needed to implement a customer‐centric culture of service; defined and held each other accountable for new behavioral norms; and instituted processes to make its discussions and decision making more effective. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy of 5‐aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence in experimental gliomas
Authors: Kantelhardt Sven Rainer , Diddens Heike , Leppert Jan , Rohde Veit , Hüttmann Gereon , Giese Alf 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe clinical usefulness of 5‐ALA guided detection of tumor tissue has been demonstrated for a number of malignancies. However, current techniques of intraoperative detection of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in situ do not offer subcellular resolution. Therefore, discrimination of non‐specific 5‐ALA induced fluorescence remains difficult.Materials and MethodsIn this study we have used an orthotopic glioma model to analyze PpIX fluorescence in tumor tissue and normal brain by multiphoton excitation microscopy after intraperitoneal administration of 5‐ALA. A DermaInspect in vivo imaging system was used for autofluorescence measurements at 750 nm excitation and detection in the green channel of a standard photomultiplier module. For detection of PpIX fluorescence at different excitation wavelengths a red sensitive version of the photomultiplier and a filter combination of short pass filters and a color glass long pass filter was used restricting the sensitivity in the red channel to a range of 580–700 nm.ResultsMultiphoton microscopy allowed a higher structural definition of tumor tissue based on the excitation of 5‐ALA induced PpIX fluorescence compared to autofluorescence imaging. The high resolution of multiphoton microscopy allowed discrimination of fluorescence from the cytoplasm of tumor cells and 5‐ALA induced PpIX fluorescence of normal brain parenchyma adjacent to tumor. Fluorescence lifetime imaging showed significantly longer fluorescence lifetimes of 5‐ALA induced PpIX fluorescence in tumor tissue compared to normal brain. This allowed definition and visualization of the tumor/brain interface based on this parameter alone.ConclusionMultiphoton microscopy of 5‐ALA induced PpIX fluorescence in brain tumor tissue conceptually provides a high resolution diagnostic tool, which in addition to structural information may also provide photochemical/functional information. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:273–281, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.