bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of microchip migration in horses, donkeys, and mules
Authors: Stein Franklin J. , Geller Sue C. , Carter James C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether microchips used for identification migrate after implantation in horses, donkeys, and mules.Design—Prospective study.Animals—53 horses, donkeys, and mules.Procedure—Twenty horses that had had microchips implanted in the nuchal ligament at a veterinary teaching hospital from 1996 through early 2000 were included (group 1), and the poll-to-withers distance and location of the microchip were determined, measured, and recorded. Additionally, the poll-to-withers distance was measured in 16 horses, 12 donkeys, and 5 mules (group 2), and microchips were implanted in the nuchal ligament on the left side of the neck. Fortytwo to 67 days after implantation, the location of the microchip was determined, measured, and recorded.Results—Microchips implanted in the nuchal ligament ≤ 4 years previously did not migrate. All microchips were detected with a multimode identification tag reader from the left side of the neck in the midcervical region, and microchips were located at the midpoint between the poll and withers for all 53 horses, donkeys, and mules.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Microchips implanted in the nuchal ligament ≤ 4 years earlier did not migrate in horses. Microchips may be useful for identification in horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003; 223:1316–1319)
Economic consequences of control programs for paratuberculosis in midsize dairy farms in the United States
Authors: Groenendaal Huybert , Galligan David T. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the epidemiologic efficacy
and economic efficiency of current and potential
future control programs for paratuberculosis (Johne's
disease) on midsize dairy herds in the United States.

Design—Stochastic dynamic computer simulation
model.

Sample Population—Data on prices and other input
variables collected from various sources were used to
represent a population of midsize US dairy herds
infected with paratuberculosis.

Procedure—The simulation model was modified to
reflect management and production characteristics of
midsize dairy herds in the United States. The model
was validated by use of field data and expert opinion.
Various control strategies then were simulated and
compared on an epidemiologic basis and on the basis
of economic efficiency.

Results—Test-and-cull strategies and vaccination
against paratuberculosis were not able to decrease the
mean prevalence of disease in the United States.
Typically, only vaccination was economically attractive.
Improved management strategies decreased the
prevalence of paratuberculosis considerably and had
high economic benefits.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of
results of this study suggests that test-and-cull strategies
alone do not reduce the prevalence of paratuberculosis
in cattle and are costly for producers to pursue.
Vaccination did not reduce the prevalence but was
economically attractive. Finally, improved calf-hygiene
strategies were found to be critically important in
every paratuberculosis control program and most
were economically attractive programs for midsize US
dairy farms with the disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2003;223:1757–1763)
Evaluation of risk factors for bite wounds inflicted on caregivers by dogs and cats in a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: J. Drobatz Kenneth , Smith Gary 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify factors associated with increased risk of being bitten by a dog or cat in a veterinary teaching hospital.Design—Unmatched case-control study.Study population—207 animal caregivers.Procedure—Case subjects (n = 75) were any caregiver that reported being bitten by a dog or cat. Control subjects (n = 132) were randomly selected from a list of all caregivers interacting with dogs or cats. Information on the characteristics of the caregivers, characteristics of the dogs and cats, and the nature of the interaction between the dog or cat and the caregiver was obtained by use of self-administered questionnaires.Results—Caregivers were more likely to be bitten by dogs or cats that had warning signs on their cages indicating the potential to bite or that were considered difficult to handle. Caregivers interacting with cats or with older dogs and cats were more likely to be bitten. Only 37 to 55% of dogs and cats that had characteristics traditionally associated with biting or were considered likely to bite were muzzled.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Muzzling dogs and cats should be considered more frequently. Dogs and cats considered to have the propensity to bite frequently do bite, and precautions, such as muzzling, should be taken if the medical condition or conformation of the dog or cat is amenable to this type of restraint. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:312–316)
Odds of moderate or severe gastric ulceration in racehorses receiving antiulcer medications
Authors: Orsini James A. , Haddock Marie , Stine Lynne , Sullivan Eileen K. , Rabuffo Tara S. , Smith Gary 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the odds of moderate or severe gastric ulceration in racehorses treated with various antiulcer medications.Design—Unmatched case-control study.Animals—798 horses in active race training (252 Thoroughbreds and 546 Standardbreds). Only horses that had been receiving a single antiulcer medication or no antiulcer medication for at least 2 weeks prior to examination were included.Procedure—Gastroscopy was performed on each horse by a single individual who was not aware of the horses' antiulcer treatments, and severity of gastric ulceration was scored. Signalment and medication history were recorded. Logistic regression was used to determine whether identification of moderate or severe ulceration was associated with treatment, age, breed, or sex. Treatments were grouped as no treatment, buffer, sucralfate, histamine type 2 receptor antagonist, compounded omeprazole, proprietary omeprazole at a low dosage, and proprietary omeprazole at a high dosage.Results—Only proprietary omeprazole was associated with significantly lower odds of moderate or severe ulceration, compared with no treatment. Risks of moderate or severe gastric ulceration in horses receiving a buffer, sucralfate, a histamine type 2 receptor antagonist, or compounded omeprazole were not significantly different from risks in horses receiving no antiulcer medication.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the proprietary formulation of omeprazole was associated with a significantly lower risk of moderate or severe gastric ulceration, compared with no treatment, in racehorses in active race training, whereas other antiulcer medications were not. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:336–339)
Evaluation of transurethral cystoscopy and excretory urography for diagnosis of ectopic ureters in female dogs: 25 cases (1992–2000)
Authors: Cannizzo Karin L. , McLoughlin Mary A. , Mattoon John S. , Samii Valerie F. , Chew Dennis J. , DiBartola Stephen P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate transurethral cystoscopy and excretory urography for diagnosis of ectopic ureter in female dogs and identify concurrent urogenital abnormalities.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—25 female dogs.Procedure—Medical records of female dogs that underwent transurethral cystoscopy, excretory urography, and ventral cystotomy were reviewed for signalment, history, physical examination findings, results of bacteriologic culture of urine, and surgical findings. Videotapes of transurethral cystoscopy and radiographic studies were reviewed systematically without knowledge of surgical findings.Results—Ectopic ureters were diagnosed in 24 of 25 (96%) of the dogs, bilaterally in 22 of 24 (91.6%) dogs. Cystoscopic evaluation yielded a correct diagnosis in all dogs when results of ventral cystotomy were used as the diagnostic standard. Cystoscopic evaluation identified a terminal ureteral opening for all ureters. Urethral fenestrations, troughs, striping, and tenting were identified. Abnormalities of the vestibule were identified in all examinations available for review (24/25). The paramesonephric septal remnant and its association with ectopic ureters were identified and characterized by cystoscopy. Radiographic findings were discordant with surgical findings and correctly identified 36 of 46 (78.2%) ectopic ureters and 2 of 4 normal ureters. Hydroureter and renal abnormalities were associated with distal urethral ectopic ureters on radiographic evaluations.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transurethral cystoscopy was accurate and minimally invasive for identification and classification of ectopic ureters in dogs. Contrast radiography had limitations in diagnosis of ectopic ureters. Cystoscopic findings and associated vaginal and vestibular abnormalities support abnormal embryologic development in the pathogenesis of ectopic ureters. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:475–481)
Incidence of adverse events in ferrets vaccinated with distemper or rabies vaccine: 143 cases (1995–2001)
Authors: Greenacre Cheryl B. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the incidence of adverse
events in ferrets vaccinated with a modified-live avian
cell culture canine distemper virus vaccine licensed
for use in ferrets, an inactivated rabies vaccine
licensed for use in ferrets, or both.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—143 ferrets.

Procedure—Medical records were reviewed to identify
ferrets that had an adverse event after vaccination.

Results—Adverse events developed within 25 minutes
after vaccination in 13 ferrets. One ferret developed
an adverse event after receiving a distemper
and a rabies vaccine simultaneously and developed a
second adverse event the following year after receiving
the rabies vaccine alone. Therefore, a total of 14
adverse events were identified. All adverse events
were an anaphylactic reaction characterized by generalized
hyperemia, hypersalivation, and vomiting. Ten
of the 14 anaphylactic reactions occurred after ferrets
received both vaccines, 3 occurred after ferrets
received the distemper vaccine alone, and 1 occurred
after a ferret received the rabies vaccine alone.
Incidences of adverse events after administration of
both vaccines, the distemper vaccine alone, and the
rabies vaccine alone were 5.6, 5.9, and 5.6%, respectively.
Ferrets that had an anaphylactic reaction were
significantly older at the time of vaccination than were
ferrets that did not.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that there may be a high incidence of anaphylactic
reactions after vaccination of domestic ferrets.
Ferrets should be observed for at least 25 minutes
after vaccination, and veterinarians who vaccinate ferrets
should be prepared to treat anaphylactic reactions.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;223:663–665)
Health performance of feeder calves sold at conventional auctions versus special auctions of vaccinated or conditioned calves in Ontario
Authors: Macartney Joanne E. , Bateman Kenneth G. , Ribble Carl S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare health performance during the first 28 days in the feedlot for vaccinated or conditioned feeder calves sold through special auctions in Ontario with health performance for calves sold through conventional auctions in the province.Design—Cohort study.Animals—12,313 calves sold through conventional and special auctions at the Keady Livestock Market during the fall of 1999 and 2000.Procedure—Buyers of calf groups were approached at the auction market or contacted by telephone and asked to record the number of calves requiring treatment for bovine respiratory tract disease (BRD) during the first 28 days after purchase.Results—211 calf groups (≥ 20 calves/group) were followed up for 28 days after purchase. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that vaccinated calves purchased through special auctions were 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.93) times as likely to receive treatment for BRD as were calves purchased at conventional auctions and that conditioned calves were 0.22 (95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.38) times as likely to receive treatment. Groups that received antimicrobials by injection on arrival at the feedlot were 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.96) times as likely to be treated as were groups that did not.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that vaccinated and conditioned calves were less likely to receive treatment for BRD during the first 28 days in the feedlot; however, there was no difference in mortality rate. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223: 677–683)
Epidemiologic study of intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus during a control program in nine commercial dairy herds
Authors: Zecconi Alfonso , Piccinini Renata , Fox Larry K. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the epidemiologic pattern of
intramammary infections (IMIs) with Staphylococcus
aureus during implementation of a control program in
9 commercial dairy herds.

Design—Cohort study.

Animals—1,651 lactating cows and 53,098 quarter
milk samples.

Procedures—Nine herds located in different regions
of Italy were enrolled. Control of S aureus infections
followed the general principles of contagious mastitis
control and was based on precise diagnostic procedures
and strict control and segregation of infected
cows. All lactating cows in each herd were tested,
and those free of S aureus IMI were enrolled as the
cohorts. Further additions to the cohort group were
cows and heifers free of S aureus IMI, as determined
from aseptically collected milk samples taken approximately
7 and 14 days after calving.

Results—After the ninth month of the program, incidence
decreased to < 2 new IMIs/100 cow-months in
7 of the herds. At the end of the study, 8 of 9 herds
had an incidence of ≤ 1 new IMI/100 cow-months.
Heifers were most at risk of developing an IMI.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that control of S aureus IMIs can be achieved by
use of a control program based on segregation and
use of hygienic and therapeutic protocols. Analysis of
incidence and identification of risk factors in a herd
could avoid the possible shortcomings of the program,
maximizing the probability of success. (J Am
Vet Med Assoc 2003;223:684–688)
Risk factors for leakage following intestinal anastomosis in dogs and cats: 115 cases (1991–2000)
Authors: Ralphs S. Christopher , Jessen Carl R. , Lipowitz Alan J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify factors associated with leakage following intestinal anastomosis in dogs and cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—90 dogs and 25 cats.Procedure—Medical records of all dogs and cats that underwent intestinal resection and anastomosis between 1991 and 2000 were reviewed, and information on 27 factors was recorded.Results—Anastomotic leakage was identified in 13 of the 90 dogs but in none of the 25 cats. Preoperative factors significantly associated with development of anastomotic leakage in dogs included preoperative peritonitis, serum albumin concentration, a left shift, and indication for surgery (dogs with intestinal foreign bodies were more likely to have leakage than dogs that underwent surgery for any other cause). Postoperative and case management factors significantly associated with development of leakage included duration of hospitalization, supplemental alimentation, whether the dog ate the day after surgery, blood product administration, and outcome (died vs survived). Discriminant analysis was performed, and dogs with 2 or more of the following factors were predicted to develop anastomotic leakage: preoperative peritonitis, intestinal foreign body, and serum albumin concentration ≤ 2.5 g/dL. The model accurately predicted whether leakage would develop in 67 of 80 (84%) dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a variety of factors may be associated with development of intestinal anastomotic leakage in dogs. In particular, dogs with 2 or more of the following risk factors are predicted to be at high risk for developing anastomotic leakage: preoperative peritonitis, intestinal foreign body, and serum albumin concentration ≤ 2.5 g/dL. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003; 223:73–77)
Evaluation of effect of estradiol cypionate administered prophylactically to postparturient dairy cows at high risk for metritis
Authors: Overton Michael W. , Sischo William M. , Reynolds James P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether 4 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP) administered prophylactically to highrisk postparturient dairy cows decreases incidence of postpartum metritis.Design—Randomized, placebo-controlled, triplemasked clinical trial.Animals—250 postparturient dairy cows in a herd with postparturient hypocalcemia, retained fetal membranes, dystocia, stillbirth, or twins.Procedure—Cows were given 4 mg of ECP (treatment) or 2 mL of vegetable oil (control) by IM injection within 24 to 36 hours of calving. Monitoring rectal temperatures and evaluation for metritis was performed once daily for 10 days. Cows with fever ≥ 39.7°C (103.5°F) were treated with 1.5 g of ceftiofur hydrochloride.Results—When assessed by ordinal logistic regression, there were no differences between groups in incidence of mild or severe metritis. Cows that calved during the second or third quarter of the year were at increased risk of metritis, compared with those that calved during the fourth quarter. Following stratification by lactation (first and ≥ 2), it was observed that multiparous cows that did not receive antimicrobials during the first 3 days of the postparturient period were 5 times as likely to have metritis, compared with cows treated with antimicrobials on the basis of fever or other concurrent disease.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prophylactic administration of ECP to dairy cows at high risk for metritis did not reduce risk for metritis. Treating multiparous cows with antimicrobials on the basis of fever during the early postpartum period was associated with decreased incidence of metritis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:846–851)
Evaluation of a continuous glucose monitoring system for use in dogs, cats, and horses
Authors: Wiedmeyer Charles E. , Johnson Philip J. , Cohn Leah A. , Meadows Richard L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for use in dogs, cats, and horses.Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—7 horses, 3 cats, and 4 dogs that were clinically normal and 1 horse, 2 cats, and 3 dogs with diabetes mellitus.Procedure—Interstitial glucose concentrations were monitored and recorded every 5 minutes by use of a CGMS. Interstitial glucose concentrations were compared with whole blood glucose concentrations as determined by a point-of-care glucose meter. Interstitial glucose concentrations were also monitored in 2 clinically normal horses after oral and IV administration of glucose.Results—There was a positive correlation between interstitial and whole blood glucose concentrations for clinically normal dogs, cats, and horses and those with diabetes mellitus. Events such as feeding, glucose or insulin administration, restraint, and transport to the clinic were recorded by the owner or clinician and could be identified on the graph and associated with time of occurrence.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Our data indicate that use of CGMS is valid for dogs, cats, and horses. This system alleviated the need for multiple blood samples and the stress associated with obtaining those samples. Because hospitalization was not required, information obtained from the CGMS provided a more accurate assessment of the animal's glucose concentrations for an extended period, compared with measurement of blood glucose concentrations. Use of the CGMS will promote the diagnostic and research potential of serial glucose monitoring. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223: 987–992)
Assessment of plasma concentrations of doxycycline in budgerigars fed medicated seed or water
Authors: Flammer Keven , Trogdon Maureen M. , Papich Mark 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether plasma doxycycline
concentrations considered effective for treatment
of avian chlamydiosis could be safely established
and maintained in budgerigars via administration
of doxycycline in water or seed.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—68 healthy mature budgerigars.

Procedure—In 14-day trials, plasma doxycycline concentrations
were measured in budgerigars provided
with water containing 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg of
doxycycline hyclate/L or a hulled seed diet containing 0,
100, 200, or 400 mg of doxycycline hyclate/kg. On the
basis of these results, birds were fed seed containing
300 mg of doxycycline/kg for 42 days, and a control
group received unmedicated seed. Blood samples for
plasma doxycycline analysis were collected either in
the morning on treatment days 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and
42 or in the afternoon on days 12, 26, and 40. Birds
were observed daily. On days 14, 28, and 42, physical
and plasma biochemical variables, PCV, and total solids
concentration were measured; cloacal specimens
were obtained for bacteriologic and fungal culture.

Results—During a 14-day period, treatment with water
containing ≤ 400 mg of doxycycline/L did not maintain
plasma doxycycline concentrations of ≥ 1 μg/mL, but
seed containing 300 mg of doxycycline hyclate/kg maintained
mean plasma doxycycline concentrations > 0.98
μg/mL for 42 days without notable adverse effects.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that hulled seed containing 300 mg of doxycycline
hyclate/kg can safely establish and maintain
plasma doxycycline concentrations that are considered
adequate for treatment of chlamydiosis in adult
nonbreeding budgerigars. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;
223:993–998)
Prevalence and characteristics of pain in dogs and cats examined as outpatients at a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Muir William W. , Wiese Ashley J. , Wittum Thomas E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective–To determine prevalence of pain among dogs and cats examined as outpatients at a veterinary teaching hospital and characteristics of pain in dogs and cats with evidence of pain.Design–Cross-sectional study.Animals–1,153 dogs and 652 cats examined as outpatients at The Ohio State University during 2002.Procedure–A questionnaire was administered to owners of all dogs and cats. For dogs and cats with evidence of pain, the cause, signs, anatomic location, type (superficial somatic, deep somatic, or visceral), duration, and severity of the pain and the principle mechanism (inflammatory, neuropathic, both, or unknown) responsible for the pain were determined on the basis of questionnaire responses and results of physical examination. The presence of primary hyperalgesia, secondary hyperalgesia, allodynia, and hyposensitivity was recorded.Results–231 (20%) dogs and 92 (14%) cats had evidence of pain. Dogs with evidence of pain were significantly older and heavier than dogs without. Cats with evidence of pain were significantly older than cats without. In most dogs and cats with evidence of pain, the pain was determined to be of short duration (< 7 days), of mild or moderate severity, somatic, associated with primary hyperalgesia, and inflammatory. Analgesic drugs were frequently administered to dogs with chronic pain, but were not always considered effective.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance–Results suggest that mild or moderate pain associated with inflammation may be seen in dogs and cats examined as outpatients. Older, heavier dogs and older cats were more likely to have evidence of pain. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1459–1463)