bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating double-diffusive natural convection in a sloped dual-layered homogenous porous-fluid square cavity
Authors: Jalili Bahram , Emad Majdeddin , Malekshah Emad Hasani , Jalili Payam , Akgül Ali , Hassani Murad Khan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article investigates natural convection with double-diffusive properties numerically in a vertical bi-layered square enclosure. The cavity has two parts: one part is an isotropic and homogeneous porous along the wall, and an adjacent part is an aqueous fluid. Adiabatic, impermeable horizontal walls and constant and uniform temperatures and concentrations on other walls are maintained. To solve the governing equations, the finite element method (FEM) employed and predicted results shows the impact of typical elements of convection on double diffusion, namely the porosity thickness, cavity rotation angle, and thermal conductivity ratio. Different Darcy and Rayleigh numbers effects on heat transfer conditions were investigated, and the Nusselt number in the border of two layers was obtained. The expected results, presented as temperature field (isothermal lines) and velocity behavior in X and Y directions, show the different effects of the aforementioned parameters on double diffusion convective heat transfer. Also results show that with the increase in the thickness of the porous layer, the Nusselt number decreases, but at a thickness higher than 0.8, we will see an increase in the Nusselt number. Increasing the thermal conductivity ratio in values less than one leads to a decrease in the average Nusselt number, and by increasing that parameter from 1 to 10, the Nusselt values increase. A higher rotational angle of the cavity reduces the thermosolutal convective heat transfer, and increasing the Rayleigh and Darcy numbers, increases Nusselt. These results confirm that the findings obtained from the Finite Element Method (FEM), which is the main idea of this research, are in good agreement with previous studies that have been done with other numerical methods.
Correlation analysis of disulfidptosis-related gene signatures with clinical prognosis and immunotherapy response in sarcoma
Authors: Xu Juan , Guo Kangwen , Sheng Xiaoan , Huang Yuting , Wang Xuewei , Dong Juanjuan , Qin Haotian , Wang Chao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDisulfidptosis, a newly discovered type of programmed cell death, could be a mechanism of cell death controlled by SLC7A11. This could be closely associated with tumor development and advancement. Nevertheless, the biological mechanism behind disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in sarcoma (SARC) is uncertain. This study identified three valuable genes (SLC7A11, RPN1, GYS1) associated with disulfidptosis in sarcoma (SARC) and developed a prognostic model. The multiple databases and RT-qPCR data confirmed the upregulated expression of prognostic DRGs in SARC. The TCGA internal and ICGC external validation cohorts were utilized to validate the predictive model capacity. Our analysis of DRG riskscores revealed that the low-risk group exhibited a more favorable prognosis than the high-risk group. Furthermore, we observed a significant association between DRG riskscores and different clinical features, immune cell infiltration, immune therapeutic sensitivity, drug sensitivity, and RNA modification regulators. In addition, two external independent immunetherapy datasets and clinical tissue samples were collected, validating the value of the DRGs risk model in predicting immunotherapy response. Finally, the SLC7A11/hsa-miR-29c-3p/LINC00511, and RPN1/hsa-miR-143-3p/LINC00511 regulatory axes were constructed. This study provided DRG riskscore signatures to predict prognosis and response to immunotherapy in SARC, guiding personalized treatment decisions.
Direct additive-free N-formylation and N-acylation of anilines and synthesis of urea derivatives using green, efficient, and reusable deep eutectic solvent ([ChCl][ZnCl2]2)
Authors: Abbasi Fatemeh , Sardarian Ali Reza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the current report, we introduce a simple, mild efficient and green protocol for N-formylation and N-acetylation of anilines using formamide, formic acid, and acetic acid as inexpensive, nontoxic, and easily available starting materials just with heating along stirring in [ChCl][ZnCl2]2 as a durable, reusable deep eutectic solvent (DES), which acts as a dual catalyst and solvent system to produce a wide range of formanilides and acetanilides. Also, a variety of unsymmetrical urea derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of phenyl isocyanate with a range of amine compounds using this benign DES in high to excellent yields. [ChCl][ZnCl2]2 showed good recycling and reusability up to four runs without considerable loss of its catalytic activity.
Evaluation of the deliverability of dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) by gantry wobble and its influence on dose
Authors: Kim Changhwan , Kim Hojae , Jung Dongmin , Kim Heesoo , Park Yeonok , Han Min Cheol , Hong Chae-Seon , Kim Hojin , Lee Ho , Sung Jinsil , Kim Dong Wook , Kim Jin Sung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the deliverability of dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) by gantry wobble owing to the intrinsic inter-segment break of the Elekta linear accelerator (LINAC) and its adverse influence on the dose to the patient. The deliverability of DCAT was evaluated according to the plan parameters, which affect the gantry rotation speed and resultant positional inaccuracies; the deliverability according to the number of control points and dose rates was investigated by using treatment machine log files and dosimetry devices, respectively. A non-negligible degradation in DCAT deliverability due to gantry wobble was observed in both the treatment machine log files and dosimetry devices. The resulting dose-delivery error occurred below a certain number of control points or above a certain dose rate. Dose simulations in the patient domain showed a similar impact on deteriorated deliverability. For targets located primarily in the isocenter, the dose differences were negligible, whereas for organs at risk located mainly off-isocenter, the dose differences were significant up to − 8.77%. To ensure safe and accurate radiotherapy, optimal plan parameters should be selected, and gantry angle-specific validations should be conducted before treatment.
Lusca: FIJI (ImageJ) based tool for automated morphological analysis of cellular and subcellular structures
Authors: Šimunić Iva , Jagečić Denis , Isaković Jasmina , Dobrivojević Radmilović Marina , Mitrečić Dinko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe human body consists of diverse subcellular, cellular and supracellular structures. Neurons possess varying-sized projections that interact with different cellular structures leading to the development of highly complex morphologies. Aiming to enhance image analysis of complex biological forms including neurons using available FIJI (ImageJ) plugins, Lusca, an advanced open-source tool, was developed. Lusca utilizes machine learning for image segmentation with intensity and size thresholds. It performs particle analysis to ascertain parameters such as area/volume, quantity, and intensity, in addition to skeletonization for determining length, branching, and width. Moreover, in conjunction with colocalization measurements, it provides an extensive set of 29 morphometric parameters for both 2D and 3D analysis. This is a significant enhancement compared to other scripts that offer only 5–15 parameters. Consequently, it ensures quicker and more precise quantification by effectively eliminating noise and discerning subtle details. With three times larger execution speed, fewer false positive and negative results, and the capacity to measure various parameters, Lusca surpasses other existing open-source solutions. Its implementation of machine learning-based segmentation facilitates versatile applications for different cell types and biological structures, including mitochondria, fibres, and vessels. Lusca’s automated and precise measurement capability makes it an ideal choice for diverse biological image analyses.
Potential toxicity of graphene (oxide) quantum dots via directly covering the active site of anterior gradient homolog 2 protein
Authors: Luo Yuqi , Gu Zonglin , Chen Hailiang , Huang Yaoxing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted significant attention in biomedicine, while extensive investigations have revealed a reverse regarding the potential biotoxicity of GQDs. In order to supplementing the understanding of the toxicity profile of GQDs, this study employs a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach to systematically investigate the potential toxicity of both GQDs and Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots (GOQDs) on the Anterior Gradient Homolog 2 (AGR2) protein, a key protein capable of protecting the intestine. We construct two typical simulation systems, in which an AGR2 protein is encircled by either GQDs or GOQDs. The MD results demonstrate that both GQDs and GOQDs can directly make contact with and even cover the active site (specifically, the Cys81 amino acid) of the AGR2 protein. This suggests that GQDs and GOQDs have the capability to inhibit or interfere with the normal biological interaction of the AGR2 active site with its target protein. Thus, GQDs and GOQDs exhibit potential detrimental effects on the AGR2 protein. Detailed analyses reveal that GQDs adhere to the Cys81 residue due to van der Waals (vdW) interaction forces, whereas GOQDs attach to the Cys81 residue through a combination of vdW (primary) and Coulomb (secondary) interactions. Furthermore, GQDs aggregation typically adsorb onto the AGR2 active site, while GOQDs adsorb to the active site of AGR2 one by one. Consequently, these findings shed new light on the potential adverse impact of GQDs and GOQDs on the AGR2 protein via directly covering the active site of AGR2, providing valuable molecular insights for the toxicity profile of GQD nanomaterials.
LEAP model-based analysis to low-carbon transformation path in the power sector: a case study of Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Xu Mengke , Liao Cuiping , Huang Ying , Gao Xiaoquan , Dong Genglin , Liu Zhen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs a major carbon emitter, the power sector plays a crucial role in realizing the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This study constructed a low-carbon power system based on the LEAP model (LEAP-GBA) with 2020 as a statistic base aiming of exploring the low-carbon transformation pathway of the power sector in the Guangdong–Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Five scenarios are set up to simulate the demand, power generation structure, carbon emissions, and power generation costs in the power sector under different scenarios. The results indicate that total electricity demand will peak after 2050, with 80% of it coming from industry, buildings and residential use. To achieve net-zero emissions from the power sector in the GBA, a future power generation mix dominated by nuclear and renewable energy generation and supplemented by fossil energy generation equipped with CCUS technologies. BECCS technology and nuclear power are the key to realize zero carbon emissions from the power sector in the GBA, so it should be the first to promote BECCS technology testing and commercial application, improve the deployment of nuclear power sites, and push forward the construction of nuclear power and technology improvement in the next 40 years.
Bioenergetic impairment in Gulf War illness assessed via 31P-MRS
Authors: Golomb Beatrice Alexandra , Han Jun Hee , Fung Alexander , Berg Brinton Keith , Miller Bruce J. , Hamilton Gavin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTime for post-exercise phosphocreatine-recovery (PCr-R), deemed a robust index of mitochondrial function in vivo, was previously reported to be elevated (signifying impaired ATP production) in veterans with Gulf War illness (GWI). Here we sought to replicate the finding and assess the impact of contravening previous eligibility requirements. The replication sample comprised white males. Cases reported ≥ moderate muscle-weakness to match the organ assessed to an organ affected; controls lacked recent headache or multiple symptoms. The expansion sample added cases without muscle-weakness, controls with recent headache, females, nonwhites. PCr-R, following pedal-depression-exercise, was compared in veterans with GWI versus controls (sample N = 38). In the replication sample, PCr-R results closely matched the prior report: PCr-R veterans with GWI mean(SD) = 47.7(16.5); control mean(SD) = 30.3(9.2), p = 0.017. (Prior-study PCr-R veterans with GWI mean(SD) = 46.1(17.9), control mean(SD) = 29.0(8.7), p = 0.023. Combined replication + prior samples: p = 0.001.) No case–control difference was observed in the expansion sample. In cases, PCr-R related to muscle-weakness: PCr-R = 29.9(7.1), 38.2(8.9), 47.8(15.2) for muscle-weakness rated none/low, intermediate, and high respectively (p for trend = 0.02), validating desirability of matching tissue assessed to tissue affected. In controls, headache/multiple symptoms, sex, and ethnicity each mattered (affecting PCr-R significantly). This study affirms mitochondrial/bioenergetic impairment in veterans with GWI. The importance of careful case/control selection is underscored.
Effects of different temperatures on Leiocassis longirostris gill structure and intestinal microbial composition
Authors: Zhao Zhongmeng , Zhao Han , Wang Xiongyan , Zhang Lu , Mou Chengyan , Huang Zhipeng , Ke Hongyu , Duan Yuanliang , Zhou Jian , Li Qiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFish are poikilothermic vertebrates and their physiological activities are affected by water temperature. In recent years, extreme weather has occurred frequently, and temperature changes have adversely affected the growth of farmed fish. To explore the changes in gill tissue structure caused by changing the water temperature and the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the Leiocassis longirostris host adaptation mechanism, gill tissue sections and intestinal microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were conducted under different temperature stress (low temperature 4 °C, normal temperature 26 °C and high temperature 32 °C). The results showed that heat stress and cold stress caused injury and swelling, terminal congestion, cell vacuolation, and necrosis of the gill tissue of L. longirostris. For intestinal microbiota, the abundances of Pseudomonadota and Bacillota increased at the cold stress, while the abundances of Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidota increased at the heat stress. The number of opportunistic bacteria, mainly Aeromonas and Acinetobacter, was the highest under cold stress. In addition, the richness of the intestinal microbiota decreased significantly at heat and cold stresses, while evenness increased. Prediction of intestinal microbiota function showed that most common functions, such as metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, energy metabolism and replication and repair, were decreased significantly at heat stress and cold stress, and phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed significant differences among the groups. In conclusion, the change of temperature altered the gill tissue structure, and affected the structure and homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota, thus affecting the survival time of L. longirostris, and cold stress had a greater effect than heat stress.
An in vitro assessment of the residual dentin after using three minimally invasive caries removal techniques
Authors: Al-Sagheer Rand Mohammed , Addie Ali J. , Al-Taee Lamis A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of three minimally invasive (MI) techniques in removing deep dentin carious lesions. Forty extracted carious molars were treated by conventional rotary excavation (control), chemomechanical caries removal agent (Brix 3000), ultrasonic abrasion (WOODPECKER, GUILIN, China); and Er, Cr: YSGG laser ablation (BIOLASE San Clemente, CA, USA). The assessments include; the excavation time, DIAGNOdent pen, Raman spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness, and scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). The rotary method recorded the shortest excavation time (p < 0.001), Brix 3000 gel was the slowest. DIAGNOdent pen values ranged between 14 and 18 in the remaining dentin and laser-ablated surfaces recorded the lowest reading (p < 0.001). The Ca:P ratios of the remaining dentin were close to sound dentin after all excavation methods; however, it was higher in the ultrasonic technique (p < 0.05). The bur-excavated dentin showed higher phosphate and lower matrix contents with higher tissue hardness that was comparable to sound dentin indicating the non-selectiveness of this technique in removing the potentially repairable dentin tissue. In contrast, the MI techniques exhibited lower phosphate and higher organic contents associated with lower microhardness in the deeper dentin layers. This was associated with smooth residual dentin without smearing and patent dentinal tubules. This study supports the efficiency of using MI methods in caries removal as conservative alternatives to rotary excavation, providing a promising strategy for the clinical dental practice.
Cardiometabolic profiles and proteomics associated with obesity phenotypes in a longitudinal cohort of young adults
Authors: Liao Jiawen , Goodrich Jesse A. , Chen Wu , Qiu Chenyu , Chen Jiawen Carmen , Costello Elizabeth , Alderete Tanya L. , Chatzi Lida , Gilliland Frank , Chen Zhanghua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo assess cardiometabolic profiles and proteomics to identify biomarkers associated with the metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. Young adults (N = 156) enrolled were classified as not having obesity, metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) based on NCEP ATP-III criteria. Plasma proteomics at study entry were measured using Olink Cardiometabolic Explore panel. Linear regression was used to assess associations between proteomics and obesity groups as well as cardiometabolic traits of glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles at baseline and follow-up visits. Enriched biological pathways were further identified based on the significant proteomic features. Among the baseline 95 (61%) and 61 (39%) participants classified as not having obesity and having obesity (8 MHO and 53 MUHO), respectively. Eighty of the participants were followed-up with an average 4.6 years. Forty-one proteins were associated with obesity (FDR < 0.05), 29 of which had strong associations with insulin-related traits and lipid profiles (FDR < 0.05). Inflammation, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling and endoplasmic reticulum lumen functions were enriched by 40 proteins. In this study population, obesity and MHO were associated with insulin resistance and dysregulated lipid profiles. The underlying mechanism included elevated inflammation and deteriorated extracellular matrix remodeling function.
Dietary tryptophan intervention counteracts stress-induced transcriptional changes in a teleost fish HPI axis during inflammation
Authors: Peixoto Diogo , Carvalho Inês , Machado Marina , Aragão Cláudia , Costas Benjamín , Azeredo Rita 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImmune nutrition is currently used to enhance fish health by incorporating functional ingredients into aquafeeds. This study aimed to investigate the connections between tryptophan nutrition and the network that regulates the communication pathways between neuroendocrine and immune systems in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). When tryptophan was supplemented in the diet of unstressed fish, it induced changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis response to stress. Tryptophan-mediated effects were observed in the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoid receptors. Tryptophan supplementation decreased pro-opiomelanocortin b-like levels, that are related with adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion. When stressed fish fed a tryptophan-supplemented diet were subjected to an inflammatory stimulus, plasma cortisol levels decreased and the expression of genes involved in the neuroendocrine response was altered. Modulatory effects of tryptophan dietary intervention on molecular patterns seem to be mediated by altered patterns in serotonergic activity.
Optical phase-truncation-based double-image encryption using equal modulus decomposition and random masks
Authors: Luan Guangyu , Quan Chenggen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work reports an optical double-image crosstalk free encryption scheme that employs equal modulus decomposition and random masks. For the encryption, two plaintexts by a random amplitude mask and a random phase mask have been encrypted into a single ciphertext mask and two private key masks. Owing to the two random masks introduced, the functional relation between the plaintext pair and the ciphertext indirectly cause the paucity of constraints employed for the specific attack. Unlike the traditional phase-truncation-based techniques, this scheme is immune to the information leakage and different types of attacks. Furthermore, the three different diffraction distances and the illuminating wavelength also function as four additional keys to significantly reinforce the security. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposal.
Evaluation of farmers friendly IPM modules for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) in maize in the hot semiarid region of India
Authors: Rajashekhar Mandla , Rajashekar Banda , Reddy Thalla Prabhakar , Manikyanahalli Chandrashekara Keerthi , Vanisree Kalisetti , Ramakrishna Kommagoni , Sunitha Vanam , Shaila Ongolu , Sathyanarayana Eetela , Shahanaz  , Reddy Somireddy Srinivasa , Shankar Adhi , Jahan Afifa , Kumar Padala Vinod , Reddy Maligi Jagan Mohan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInvasive alien species (IAS) pose a severe threat to global agriculture, with their impact projected to escalate due to climate change and expanding international trade. The fall armyworm (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith), a native of the Americas, has rapidly spread across various continents, causing significant damage to several food crops, especially maize. Integrated pest management (IPM) programs are vital for sustainable FAW control, combining multiple strategies for sustainable results. Over three consecutive years, 2019–20, 2020–21 and 2021–22, the field demonstrations were conducted in semiarid regions of India, testing a four-component IPM approach viz., pheromone traps, microbial, botanicals and ETL based applications of insecticides against farmers' practices (sole insecticide application). IPM implementation led to substantial reductions in FAW infestation. Furthermore, egg mass and larvae infestations were significantly lower in IPM-adopted villages compared to conventional practices. Pheromone-based monitoring demonstrated a consistent reduction in adult moth populations. The lowest technology gap (10.42), extension gap (8.33) and technology index (12.25) was recorded during 2020–21. The adoption of IPM led to increased maize yields (17.49, 12.62 and 24.87% over control), higher net returns (919, 906.20 and 992.93 USD), and favourable benefit–cost ratios (2.74, 2.39 and 2.33) compared to conventional practices respectively during 2019–20, 2020–21 and 2021–22. The economic viability of IPM strategies was evident across three consecutive years, confirming their potential for sustainable FAW management in the semiarid region of India. These strategies hold promise for adoption in other parts of the world sharing similar climatic conditions.