bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automatic diagnosis model of otitis media with high accuracy rate using transfer learning
Authors: Qi Fangyu , You Zhiyu , Guo Jiayang , Hong Yongjun , Wu Xiaolong , Zhang Dongdong , Li Qiyuan , Cai Chengfu 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) and Middle Ear Cholesteatoma are two common chronic otitis media diseases that often cause confusion among physicians due to their similar location and shape in clinical CT images of the internal auditory canal. In this study, we utilized the transfer learning method combined with CT scans of the internal auditory canal to achieve accurate lesion segmentation and automatic diagnosis for patients with CSOM and middle ear cholesteatoma.Methods: We collected 1019 CT scan images and utilized the nnUnet skeleton model along with coarse grained focal segmentation labeling to pre-train on the above CT images for focal segmentation. We then fine-tuned the pre-training model for the downstream three-classification diagnosis task.Results: Our proposed algorithm model achieved a classification accuracy of 92.33% for CSOM and middle ear cholesteatoma, which is approximately 5% higher than the benchmark model. Moreover, our upstream segmentation task training resulted in a mean Intersection of Union (mIoU) of 0.569.Discussion: Our results demonstrate that using coarse-grained contour boundary labeling can significantly enhance the accuracy of downstream classification tasks. The combination of deep learning and automatic diagnosis of CSOM and internal auditory canal CT images of middle ear cholesteatoma exhibits high sensitivity and specificity.
Marriage and childbearing in patients with epilepsy in Turkey
Authors: Tokuç Firdevs Ezgi Uçan , Genç Fatma , Göksu Eylem Özaydın , Erdal Abidin , Gömceli Yasemin Biçer 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionFor epilepsy, a common neurological disorder, brings psychosocial challenges like stigma, employment difficulties, and barriers to marriage and childbearing. Stigma often stems from misconceptions and societal beliefs, particularly in less developed regions like Turkey. However, research on the marital and childbearing experiences of epilepsy patients in such settings is limited. We aimed to research the marriage and childbearing behaviors of men and women with epilepsy.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 215 adult epilepsy patients at Antalya Training and Research Hospital between 2019 and 2022. Patients were asked questions about marriage and having children on prepared questionnaires.ResultThe gender distribution of the 215 patients included in the study was revealed to be 62.3% (134) females and 37.7% (81) males. 71.6% of patients were married, and 12.7% had no children. 33.3% of these patients stated that they did not desire children because of the disease. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the duration of the disease and being unmarried. A significant correlation was observed between age at disease onset and number of children.ConclusionOur study revealed the effects of individuals with epilepsy on marriage and childbearing, and as we know, it is the first study conducted in Turkey on childbearing attitudes in individuals with epilepsy. Despite medical and social developments, epilepsy is still one of the most stigmatized diseases, and the disease has considerable negative effects on marriage and fertility. Our study supported the findings of a small number of previous similar studies on this subject and additionally showed that the likelihood of having children decreased in patients using multiple ASM, and on the other hand, it showed that marriage positively affected patients in terms of social support.
Association of atopic dermatitis and headache disorder: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Yang Wei , Dai Hong , Xu Xiao-feng , Jiang Hai-yin , Ding Ji-yuan 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that headache disorders and atopic dermatitis share similar pathological mechanisms and risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the risk for headache disorders in patients with atopic dermatitis.MethodsWe systematically searched the PubMed and Embase databases from inception to December 1, 2023, for observational studies that examined risk of migraine in subjects with atopic dermatitis. Risk estimates from individual studies were pooled using random-effects models.ResultsTen studies with 12,717,747 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Our results showed that patients with atopic dermatitis were associated with a higher risk of headache disorder (OR, 1.46, 95% CI = 1.36–1.56; P &lt; 0.001; I2 = 98%) or migraine (OR, 1.32, 95% CI = 1.18–1.47; P &lt; 0.001; I2 = 98.9%). Most of the results of the subgroup analyses were consistent with the overall results.ConclusionThe findings of this meta-analysis suggest that atopic dermatitis is a potential risk indicator for headache disorder or migraine. Further studies are still needed to verify our findings due to the substantial heterogeneity in our analyses.
Bipolar disorder and the gut microbiota: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Lin Xiaoxiao , Huang Jinyu , Wang Shuai , Zhang Kai 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPrevious studies have explored the relationship between bipolar disorder and gut microbiota. However, there has been no bibliometric analysis to summarize and analyze these publications. Our objective was to perform a bibliometric analysis to investigate the current status and frontiers of the publications in the field of the association between bipolar disorder and the gut microbiota.MethodsWe retrieved publications concerning the interplay between the gut microbiota and bipolar disorder from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). The analysis was executed using WoSCC’s literature analysis tool and VOSviewer 1.6.16.ResultsIn total, we identified 177 publications originating from 362 institutions across 39 countries/regions, and these articles were disseminated in 104 different journals. The most productive institutions, authors, countries/regions, and journals were Zhejiang University contributing 18 publications, Shaohua Hu authoring 12 publications, China with 53 publications, and Frontiers in Psychiatry with 11 publications. The first high-cited document was published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research in 2017, and authored by Evans. In this article, they found gut microbiome composition was associated with BD and its illness severity, and they concluded that targeting the gut microbiota may be helpful to develop the effective treatment for bipolar disorder. The top 5 keywords with the highest frequency except for bipolar disorder and gut microbiota were as follows: depression, inflammation, probiotic, gut-brain axis, and anxiety.ConclusionIn conclusion, this is the first bibliometric analysis to explore the publications in the field of the association between bipolar disorder and the gut microbiota. The main research hotspots regarding this field were the characteristics, abundance, and diversity of gut microbiome in bipolar disorder, the role of treatment and gut microbiome in bipolar disorder, microbiome-brain connections in bipolar disorder, and interventions for bipolar disorder based on microbiota composition modification. The number of studies about the association between gut microbiota and bipolar disorder is relatively small, and more studies are needed to expand our understanding the association between gut microbiota and bipolar disorder.
Key results from examinations of seven high burnup pressurized water reactor spent nuclear fuel rods
Authors: Montgomery Rose , Bevard Bruce , Cantonwine Paul , Sasikumar Yadukrishnan 
Published: March 2024

At present, spent nuclear fuel (SNF) assemblies discharged from US commercial power plants are placed into dry storage following a short cooling time (&lt;10 years) in the plant’s spent fuel pool. The process of packaging the spent fuel into dry-storage canisters includes a drying step to remove residual water from the canister. During the drying process, the fuel rod cladding may reach temperatures as high as 400°C. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is performing destructive examinations of high burnup (HBU) (&gt;45 GWd/MTU) SNF rods to address knowledge and data gaps related to extended interim storage and eventual transportation for disposal. The rods examined include four different kinds of fuel rod cladding: standard Zircaloy-4 (Zirc-4), low-tin (LT) Zirc-4, ZIRLO, and M5. Three rods were subjected to a thermal transient to assess the effects of decay-heat-driven high temperatures expected during vacuum drying of the fuel as it is prepared for interim dry storage. The examinations focus on the composite fuel rod performance, as compared with the performance of defueled rod cladding, and establish the baseline mechanical properties of a fuel rod before interim dry storage. The key results of these examinations are presented, including the measured mechanical and fatigue properties, observations of cladding hydrogen pickup and hydride reorientation effects on rod performance, effects of the simulated drying temperatures on rod performance, and general conclusions of SNF performance in extended interim dry storage and transport. The rods were found to be strong and durable in the expected loading conditions, even considering the formation of radial hydrides associated with vacuum drying. The combined testing provides a broad body of data supporting extended interim storage and transportation performance of HBU spent fuel.
Impact of the geriatric nutritional risk index on long-term outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Hung Kuo-Chuan , Kao Chia-Li , Hsu Chih-Wei , Yu Chia-Hung , Lin Chien-Ming , Chen Hsiao-Tien , Chang Ying-Jen , Liao Shu-Wei , Chen I-Wen 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThis meta-analysis aimed to synthesize current evidence on the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis.MethodsElectronic databases were systematically searched for relevant studies that investigated the association between GNRI and long-term outcomes in hemodialysis patients until November 2023. The primary outcome was the association between the GNRI (i.e., low versus high) and overall mortality risk, while the secondary outcome was the relationship between the GNRI and cardiovascular mortality risk.ResultsThirty cohort studies involving 55,864 patients were included. A low GNRI was found to be significantly associated with increased overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CIs]: 2.10–2.79, p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 65%). Each unit increase in GNRI corresponded to a 5% reduction in mortality risk (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.96, p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 79%). The association remained consistent across Asian (HR = 2.45, 95% CI: 2.08–2.88, p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 70%) and non-Asian subgroups (HR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.72–3.06, p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 23%). Meta-regression analysis of patient age (coefficient: −0.002; p = 0.896), male proportion (coefficient: 0.002; p = 0.875), percentage of diabetes mellitus (coefficient: −0.003; p = 0.605), and follow-up duration (coefficient: −0.003; p = 0.431) revealed that these moderator variables did not significantly influence the association between GNRI and overall mortality risk. Cardiovascular mortality risk also increased with low GNRI (HR, 1.93; 95%CI: 1.51–2.45, p &lt; 0.00001; I2 = 2%). Similarly, an inverse association was observed between the GNRI values and cardiovascular mortality risk (HR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.91–0.97; p &lt; 0.0001; I2 = 65%) (per unit increase).ConclusionThe GNRI is a simple nutritional screening tool that can be used to effectively stratify patients undergoing hemodialysis globally. Further studies are warranted to determine whether nutrition optimization based on the GNRI improves long-term outcomes.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42023483729.
Case Report: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and Wilms’ tumor in infancy and childhood
Authors: Zina Doviltyte , Rosita Kiudeliene , Kristina Zviniene , Giedre Rutkauskiene , Jurate Masalskiene 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is rare but one of the most common inherited kidney diseases. Normal kidney function is maintained until adulthood in most patients. About 7 in 10 patients with ADPKD develop kidney failure in the latter half of their fifth decade of life. Wilms' tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common malignant tumor stemming from kidney cells in the pediatric age group. This type of tumor is the most frequently occurring kidney malignancy in children between the ages of 0 and 5 years. The exact cause of Wilms' tumor is unknown, though about 10% of cases have a genetic predisposition. Wilms' tumor is one of the most successfully treated childhood oncological diseases. Overall, the 5-year survival rates were approximately 90% in both the National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS) and Paediatric Oncology SIOP studies, showing similar results.Case presentationWe report a case of a girl diagnosed with autosomal polycystic kidney disease, who subsequently developed Wilms' tumor and underwent successful treatment with chemotherapy. Polycystic kidney disease was suspected in the fetus during prenatal ultrasound and confirmed after birth with ultrasound and genetic testing. The Wilms tumor was an accidental finding during abdominal MRI at the age of 2 years old to rule out liver pathology.ConclusionReports on whether a diagnosis of ADPKD is a risk factor for malignancy are conflicting. In this particular case, Wilms' tumor is present in the background of polycystic kidney disease and was timely diagnosed by an incidental MRI.
In silico identification of compounds from Piper sarmentosum Roxb leaf fractionated extract inhibit interleukin-6 to prevent rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Dao Tran Nhat Phong , Onikanni Sunday Amos , Fadaka Adewale Oluwaseun , Klein Ashwil , Tran Van De , Le Minh Hoang , Wang Chih-Hao , Chang Hen-Hong 
Published: March 2024

Objective: Medicinal herbs with a phytonutrient background has been applied globally as major alternatives to ameliorate the continuous increase in rheumatoid arthritis cases worldwide. We herein aimed to critically examine the bioactive components of the medicinal herb Piper sarmentosum Roxb leaf fractionated extract for its potential to inhibit the influx of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rheumatoid arthritis.Methods: The Schrödinger platform was employed as the main computational acumen for the screening of bioactive compounds identified and reference compounds subjected to molecular simulation (MDS) for analyzing the stability of docked complexes to assess fluctuations and conformational changes during protein–ligand interactions.Results: The values of the simulatory properties and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the good stability of these phytochemicals in the active pocket of interleukin-6 (IL-6).Discussion: Our findings reveal new strategies in which these phytochemicals are potential inhibitory agents that can be modified and further evaluated to develop more effective agents for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, thereby providing a better understanding and useful model for the reproduction and/or discovery of new drugs for the management of rheumatoid arthritis and its complications.
Low TGF-β1 plasma levels are associated with cognitive decline in Down syndrome
Authors: Grasso Margherita , Fidilio Annamaria , L’Episcopo Francesca , Recupero Marilena , Barone Concetta , Bacalini Maria Giulia , Benatti Cristina , Giambirtone Maria Concetta , Caruso Giuseppe , Greco Donatella , Di Nuovo Santo , Romano Corrado , Ferri Raffaele , Buono Serafino , Cuello A. Claudio , Blom Johanna M. C. , Tascedda Fabio , Piazza Pier Vincenzo , De La Torre Rafael , Caraci Filippo 
Published: March 2024

Almost all individuals with Down’s syndrome (DS) show the characteristic neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by the age of 40, yet not every individual with DS experiences symptoms of AD later in life. Similar to neurotypical developing subjects, AD in people with DS lasts for a long preclinical phase in which biomarkers follow a predictable order of changes. Hence, a prolonged asymptomatic period precedes the onset of dementia, underscoring the importance of identifying new biomarkers for the early detection and monitoring of cognitive decline in individuals with DS. Blood-based biomarkers may offer an alternative non-invasive strategy for the detection of peripheral biological alterations paralleling nervous system pathology in an early phase of the AD continuum. In the last few years, a strong neurobiological link has been demonstrated between the deficit of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels, an anti-inflammatory cytokine endowed with neuroprotective activity, and early pro-inflammatory processes in the AD brain. In this clinical prospective observational study, we found significant lower plasma TGF-β1 concentrations at the first neuropsychological evaluation (baseline = T0) both in young adult DS individuals (19–35 years) and older DS subjects without AD (35–60 years) compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Interestingly, we found that the lower TGF-β1 plasma concentrations at T0 were strongly correlated with the following cognitive decline at 12 months. In addition, in young individuals with DS, we found, for the first time, a negative correlation between low TGF-β1 concentrations and high TNF-α plasma concentrations, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is known to be associated with cognitive impairment in DS individuals with AD. Finally, adopting an ex vivo approach, we found that TGF-β1 concentrations were reduced in parallel both in the plasma and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of DS subjects, and interestingly, therapeutic concentrations of fluoxetine (FLX) applied to cultured PBMCs (1 µM for 24 h) were able to rescue TGF-β1 concentrations in the culture media from DS PBMCs, suggesting that FLX, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) endowed with neuroprotective activity, might rescue TGF-β1 concentrations in DS subjects at higher risk to develop cognitive decline.
Machine Learning for prediction of violent behaviors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Parsaei Mohammadamin , Arvin Alireza , Taebi Morvarid , Seyedmirzaei Homa , Cattarinussi Giulia , Sambataro Fabio , Pigoni Alessandro , Brambilla Paolo , Delvecchio Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundSchizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) can be associated with an increased risk of violent behavior (VB), which can harm patients, others, and properties. Prediction of VB could help reduce the SSD burden on patients and healthcare systems. Some recent studies have used machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify SSD patients at risk of VB. In this article, we aimed to review studies that used ML to predict VB in SSD patients and discuss the most successful ML methods and predictors of VB.MethodsWe performed a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Embase, and PsycINFO on September 30, 2023, to identify studies on the application of ML in predicting VB in SSD patients.ResultsWe included 18 studies with data from 11,733 patients diagnosed with SSD. Different ML models demonstrated mixed performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.56-0.95 and an accuracy of 50.27-90.67% in predicting violence among SSD patients. Our comparative analysis demonstrated a superior performance for the gradient boosting model, compared to other ML models in predicting VB among SSD patients. Various sociodemographic, clinical, metabolic, and neuroimaging features were associated with VB, with age and olanzapine equivalent dose at the time of discharge being the most frequently identified factors.ConclusionML models demonstrated varied VB prediction performance in SSD patients, with gradient boosting outperforming. Further research is warranted for clinical applications of ML methods in this field.
The cost-effectiveness of syphilis screening in pregnant women: a systematic literature review
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Hongyan , Hui Xiaoqing , Qu Huimin , Xia Junfen , Xu Feng , Shi Cannan , He Junjian , Cao Yuan , Hu Mengcai 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe cost-effectiveness study of syphilis screening in pregnant women has not been synthesized. This study aimed to synthesize the economic evidence on the cost-effectiveness of syphilis screening in pregnant women that might contribute to making recommendations on the future direction of syphilis screening approaches.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies published before 19 January 2023 and identified the cost-effectiveness analyses for syphilis screening in pregnant women. The methodological design quality was appraised by the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 checklist.ResultsIn total, 17 literature met the eligibility criteria for a full review. Of the 17 studies, four evaluated interventions using different screening methods, seven assessed a combination of syphilis testing and treatment interventions, three focused on repeat screening intervention, and four evaluated the interventions that integrated syphilis and HIV testing. The most cost-effective strategy appeared to be rapid syphilis testing with high treatment rates in pregnant women who were positive.DiscussionThe cost-effectiveness of syphilis screening for pregnancy has been widely demonstrated. It is very essential to improve the compliance with maternal screening and the treatment rates for positive pregnant women while implementing screening.