bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin and biology of a testicular wilms' tumor
Authors: Gillis Ad J. M. , Oosterhuis J. Wolter , Schipper Magriet E. I. , Barten E. J. , Van Berlo Romy , Van Gurp Ruud J. H. L. M. , Abraham Mary , Saunders Grady F. , Looijenga Leendert H. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pure triphasic testicular Wilms' tumor, without teratomatous elements, was studied using multiple techniques. Carcinoma in situ (CIS), the characteristic precursor of testicular germ cell tumors of adults (TGCTs), was found in the adjacent parenchyma. Flow cytometric analysis showed a single hypotriploid tumor stem line. Karyotyping of the tumor revealed some numerical and structural abnormalities, including an i(12p), the chromosomal marker of TGCTs. In situ hybridization supported the karyotypic findings, and showed a similar numerical distribution in CIS and the tumor. Molecular analysis of the tumor illustrated that all short arms of chromosome 12, including i(12p), were of maternal origin. No 12q deletions were detected. In spite of complete loss of the paternal 11p13 band, the zinc finger regions and exons 2 and 6 of the WTI gene contained no aberrations. Therefore, this tumor suppressor gene is not inactivated due to aberrations in the studied regions. In addition, all four WTI alternative transcripts were expressed in the tumor. No aberrations were found in chromosomal bands 11p15.5, 16q22.1, and 16q24. Both parental alleles of the human imprinted genes H19 and IGF2 were expressed in the tumor. This is the first report on the chromosomal and molecular characterization of an extrarenal Wilms' tumor. Its germ cell origin was unequivocally demonstrated.
Telomere length variation in normal and malignant human tissues
Authors: Schmitt Holger , Blin Nikolaus , Zankl Heinrich , Scherthan Harry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTissue and tumor specific length variation of telomere (TTAGGG)n repeats was studied in DNAs from various normal and malignant tissues. DNA was isolated from bone marrow and blood cells, malignant tissues, and established tumor cell lines. Nonisotopic Southern hybridization revealed a reduction of telomere repeat arrays in 14 of the 35 tumors analyzed. However, other cases (60%) showed no reduction, or even an increase, in telomeric length. Our finding of elongated telomere stretches in several tumors of different origin compared with normal tissue is in contrast to previous reports describing a general shortening of terminal repeat length in colorectal cancer and neuroblastoma. We tentatively conclude that there is no general tendency to telomere reduction in malignant tissues.
Loss of heterozygosity in 8p is associated with microinvasion in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Kelemen Pond R. , Yaremko M. Lisa , Kim Anne H. , Montag Anthony , Michelassi Fabrizio , Westbrook Carol A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) from the short arm of chromosome 8 is frequent in a variety of malignancies, suggesting the presence of a tumor suppressor gene in this region. Previous studies suggested that this deletion may correlate with higher clinicopathologic stages in colorectal cancer, but others did not support this finding; in part, this difficulty is due to the low heterozygosity of the RFLP markers that were used. Here we report on a preliminary investigation in which we used highly informative microsatellite markers to determine whether deletions of 8p are correlated with poor prognostic features. Paraffin‐embedded tumor tissue from 15 patients was analyzed with a panel of three microsatellite markers that are known to be sites of frequent LOH. Fourteen of the 15 cases were informative with at least one marker, and 7 showed LOH. Analysis of clinical features showed that there was no relation of 8p LOH with patient age or tumor stage, grade, location, or pattern of growth. However, a statistically significant correlation was seen between LOH and lymphatic, vascular, or perineural microinvasion (Fisher exact test, P = 0.01). This histologic feature is known to be a stage‐independent indicator of prognosis. Our data suggest that 8p LOH may be associated with poor outcome and demonstrate the utility of these microsatellite markers for its detection.
Chromosome analysis of brain tumors in childhood
Authors: Fujii Yuji , Hongo Teruaki , Hayashi Yasuhide 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe performed a chromosome analysis of 26 pediatric brain tumors, including 20 primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), 5 astrocytomas, and I immature teratoma. Specimens were treated with collagenase, placed in overnight or short‐term cultures, and harvested for chromosome analysis. Numerical and/or structural abnormalities were noted in 14 of the 20 PNETs and 4 of the 5 astrocytomas. In 13 PNETs, so‐called medulloblastoma in the cerebellum, an i(17q) was the most frequent structural abnormality, accounting for 30% (4/13). Double minute chromosomes (dmin) were observed in one tumor. Near‐diploidy was demonstrated in three of these PNETs, hyperdiploidy in three, and near‐tetraploidy in three. We could not find any correlation of these cytogenetic findings with the prognosis. In the remaining seven PNETs other than medulloblastoma, the karyotypes of five PNETs demonstrated a variety of numerical and structural abnormalities. As to the astrocytomas, losses of chromosomes 7 and 9 with dmin were observed in two, and structural abnormalities of chromosomes 1 and 17 were also observed in two tumors. In our limited cases, however, we could not find the same chromosome abnormalities that are well known in adult astrocytomas. A congenital immature teratoma showed hyperdiploidy with increased numbers of chromosomes 3, 6, and 12. We conclude that i(17q) is an important chromosome abnormality in medulloblastomas, and that the oncogenesis of pediatric astrocytomas might be different cytogenetically from that of adult astrocytomas.
Physical mapping of the uterine leiomyoma t(12;14)(q13‐15;q24.1) breakpoint on chromosome 14 between SPTB and D14S77
Authors: Hug Katherine , Doney Michael K. , Tyler Mary J. , Grundy David A. , Soukup Shirley , Houseal Timothy W. , Menon Anil G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUterine leiomyoma is the most common tumor of smooth muscle cell origin and is often associated with the recurrent balanced translocation t(12;14)(q13‐15;q24). As an initial step toward finding the gene or genes that are interrupted by the translocation breakpoint, a somatic cell hybrid carrying the derivative 14 as the single t(12;14) translocated chromosome was constructed from a leiomyoma cell line with this translocation. Sequence tagged sites (STS) whose locations on the genetic map of chromosome 14 were known were used to map the breakpoint in the translocated chromosomes. The results of this analysis place the translocation breakpoint on the long arm of chromosome 14 between the proximal marker SPTB and the distal marker D14S77, narrowing the chromosomal translocation breakpoint to a region of approximately 7 cM. The identification of flanking markers on chromosome 14 lays the foundation for efforts to clone the breakpoint and to identify the genes involved in the formation of leiomyoma.
Galectins as modulators of tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Saussez Sven , Camby Isabelle , Toubeau Gerard , Kiss Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) remain a significant cause of morbidity worldwide. Biological therapies able to induce and/or upregulate antitumor immune responses could represent a complementary approach to conventional treatments for patients with HNSCC because, despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the overall survival rates for these patients have not changed over recent decades. Galectins are involved in the control of cell proliferation, cell death, and cell migration and in the modulation of various functions of the immune system. In this context, galectin‐1 is known to protect HNSCCs from the immune system. The present review details the involvement of galectins in HNSCC biology and suggests a number of approaches to reduce the levels of expression of galectin‐1 in HNSCCs, with the aim of improving the efficiency of HNSCC immunotherapy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
The myth regarding bone or cartilage involvement by cancer and the likelihood of cure by radiotherapy
Authors: Million Rodney R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA myth persists that tumor involvement of bone and/or cartilage represents a clinical situation in which cure by radiotherapy would be considered unusual. There are sufficient data to the contrary. This essay reviews the radiotherapy results for (1) primary tumors of bone (benign and malignant), (2) primary malignant tumors of cartilage, and (3) benign and malignant tumors that secondarily involve bone and/or cartilage. It is hoped that the myth concerning radiocurability and bone and/or cartilage involvement will be replaced by an appreciation of the relative rates of cure depending on the clinical situation.
Needle aspiration biopsy of the pre‐epiglottic space
Authors: Cusumano Robert J. , Kaufman David , Weiss Michael , Gallo Leza , Reede Deborah , Myssiorek David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinical staging of supraglottic carcinoma requires evaluation of the pre‐epiglottic space (PES). To explore the role of fine needle aspiration biopsy of the PES in the staging of epiglottic carcinoma, endoscopic transvallecular fine needle aspiration biopsies of the PES were performed in 16 patients with epiglottic carcinoma. The results of aspiration cytology were compared with CT scanning and postoperative histopathologic sections of the PES after total or supraglottic laryngectomy. This preliminary report shows that needle aspiration biopsy of the PES is a safe and sensitive technique, having a high correlation with histopathologic follow‐up. Needle biopsy, along with CT scan, is clinically useful in staging the PES, which cannot be examined directly.
Bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Patterns of progression and clinical management
Authors: Hillel Allen D. , Miller Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients with bulbar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are often referred to the otolaryngologist/head and neck surgeon and speech pathologist for evaluation and management of dysphagia and dysarthria. These patients comprise an unusual group because of the progressive and multi‐system nature of their illness. The neuromuscular disabilities associated with bulbar ALS cause a myriad of related symptoms associated with swallowing, speech, and respiration. Although the rate of progression cannot be predicted, a general pattern of progression is noted. Bulbar disease accounts for the majority of the worst symptoms of ALS. The loss of the ability to swallow changes eating from a pleasurable task to a burden of survival. Loss of communication effectively imprisons the patient in a state of isolation. The progressive weakness of respiration, predominantly a spinal rather than bulbar manifestation, is the cause of death for nearly all ALS patients and is also discussed. The general patterns of progression of bulbar ALS are outlined in this paper. The development of symptoms are correlated with specific treatment recommendations to aid the clinician in devising an orderly plan of management for this progressive disease.
Retinoic acid inhibition of a head and neck multicellular tumor spheroid model
Authors: Sacks Peter G. , Oke Victor , Vasey Tracey , Lotan Reuben 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of retinoic acid (RA) on multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) derived from a head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line, MDA 886Ln, were studied. Growth of MTSs was shown to be inhibited by 10−5 to 10−7 M RA; dose response studies demonstrated that by 10−10 M RA, MTS growth was inhibited by less than 20%. MTSs treated with RA for 10 days had a decreased labeling index (15% compared with 23% for controls). Histologic studies at 10 days showed both an alteration in tissue‐like architecture and an inhibition of squamous differentiation in RA‐treated spheroids. Morphologic inhibition of differentiation was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for involucrin. Histologic sections were also probed with a series of biotinylated lectins to search for RA‐induced changes in glycosylation. Changes in staining occurred with two lectins, soybean agglutinin and peanut agglutinin. This study showed that RA induced perturbations in biological processes such as growth and differentiation in a new model system for squamous carcinomas of the head and neck, MDA 886Ln MTS.
Metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: The significance of extranodal extension
Authors: Spires James R. , Robbins K. Thomas , Luna Mario A. , Byers Robert M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective study of patients with papillary carcinoma of the thyroid was conducted at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center to determine the significance of cervical nodal metastases in which the cancer has extended beyond the capsule of the node. The survival of 25 patients with extracapsular invasion was compared to 63 controls. There was no statistically significant difference in regional recurrence, distant metastases, death from cancer, or recurrence‐free survival between the two groups. Surgically resectable extrathyroid extension of tumor at the primary site and the clinical stage of cervical metastases also had no prognostic significance. The most important prognostic factors for differentiated thyroid carcinoma remain the age and sex of the patient, the histology of the cancer, and the presence of distant metastatic disease.
T‐cell markers in tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes of head and neck cancer
Authors: Snyderman Carl H. , Heo D. S. , Chen K. , Whiteside Theresa L. , Johnson Jonas T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFresh suspensions of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from 16 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) were examined for T‐cell markers including CD4 (helper‐inducer), CDS (cytotoxic‐suppressor), natural killer (NK) cell, and activation surface markers using monoclonal antibodies and two‐color flow cytometry. Two of 8 (25%) patients with a CD4/CD8 ratio of less than 1 developed cervical lymph node metastases; none had extracapsular spread. Six of 8 (75%) patients with a CD4/CD8 ratio of greater than 1 developed cervical metastases; 5 of 6 (83%) exhibited extracapsular spread. An increased CD4/CD8 ratio was attributable to a decrease in CD8+cells. A CD4/CD8 ratio of greater than 1 may be a useful prognostic indicator of the development of cervical metastases.
Mutagen‐induced chromosome fragility within peripheral blood lymphocytes of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Schantz Stimson P. , Hsu T. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of chromosome breakage as a response to mu‐tagen exposure may contribute to the development of head and neck cancer. Lymphocytes from 46 previously untreated head and neck cancer patients were cultured in vitro and exposed to the radiomimetic clastogen, bleomycin. The lymphocytes were then arrested in metaphase and analyzed for bleomycin‐induced chromosome breaks. Mean bleomycin‐induced chromosome breaks per cell (b/c) in head and neck cancer patients (0.94 ± 0.3 b/c) were significantly higher than in either controls (0.70 ± 0.3 b/c; p < 0.001) or a concurrently examined patient population with central nervous system tumors (0.55 ± 0.3 b/c; p < 0.001). The expression of mutagen‐induced chromosome fragility in the head and neck cancer population was site‐specific, being most evident in patients with laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer but not oral cavity disease. The differential responses to muta‐gen effects may be a reflection of DNA repair deficiency. Head and neck cancer patients express a higher degree of chromosomal mutagen sensitivity, which may contribute to neoplastic development.
Intraoral and oropharyngeal reconstruction using a de‐epithelialized forearm flap
Authors: Kawashima Takao , Harii Kiyonori , Ono Isamu , Ebihara Satoshi , Yoshizumi Takashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have used free forearm flaps for closure of various intraoral and oropharyngeal defects after radical ablation of tumors. A problem remained, however, in that split‐thickness skin grafts required to close the forearm defect had to be obtained from other areas. To avoid this disadvantage, we de‐epithelialized forearm flaps and the donor defects were closed with the split‐thickness skin obtained from flap de‐epithelialization. As a result of this procedure, unnecessary scarring has been avoided and postoperative management has been simplified. Such complications as flap loss, fistulae, or scar contracture have not occurred with greater frequency than is seen in normal circumstances. The de‐epithelialized forearm flap procedure is explained. Histological findings concerning the de‐epithelialized forearm flap are described, and the advantages of this method stated.
Evaluation of some prognostic factors in small squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue: A multicenter study in Sweden
Authors: Nathanson Arthur , Ågren Karin , Biörklund Anders , Lind Magnus G. , Andréason Lars , Anniko Matti , Freijd Anders , Lejdeborn Lars , Kinman Staffan , Kumlien Anders , Köling Anders , Lindström Jörgen , Novik Anders , Olofsson Jan , Pettersson Kari‐Lvar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a retrospective study of 58 patients from all over Sweden, treated for small squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue (T1N0M0), different prognostic factors were evaluated. A partial glossectomy was performed as primary treatment in all patients. The cancer recurred in 28 (38%) of 58 patients. One of 7 patients with only local recurrence, and 9 of 14 with recurrence in the neck died of their disease. The relative survival rate was 77%. Of the prognostic factors tested, tumor thickness was found to be the most significant. In patients with tumor thickness exceeding 10 mm, recurrences occurred in 58% (P < 0.0048), and 87% (P < 0.0164) died of their cancer. This represents a statistically significant higher degree when compared with tumor thickness of less than 10 mm. Elective treatment of the neck nodes is recommended in epidermoid cancer of the mobile tongue when tumor thickness exceeds 10 mm, even in stage I tumors (i.e., the surface extension diameter is smaller than 20 mm at most).
Nutritional concepts and considerations in head and neck surgery
Authors: Williams Edwin F. , Meguid Michael M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAssessment and correction of malnutrition is a major contribution to the improvements in the pre‐ and postoperative management of patients with head and neck cancer over the past 20 years. These patients are often in a poor nutritional status and thereby are at a higher operative risk secondary to the local and systemic effects of the tumor and its treatment. This article reviews current data emphasizing preoperative nutritional assessment, modalities available for nutritional therapy in head and neck cancer patients, and indications for perioperative use of these modalities.
Epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification and expression in head and neck cancer cell lines
Authors: Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Dunphy Edward J. , Beckett Michael A. , Tybor Allen G. , Moran William J. , Goldman Michael E. , Vokes Everett E. , Panje William R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene am plification and expression in 11 early passage human head and neck carcinoma cell lines. Three cell lines demonstrated EGFR gene amplification and 10 lines showed an increase in EGFR mRNA when compared with normal keratinocytes, placenta, and a human skin carcinoma cell line. The effects of EGF on growth in 6 head and neck carcinoma cell lines was also studied. Growth inhibition at a concentration of 20 ng/mL was observed in one cell line but had no effect on growth in 5 cell lines. An increase in EGFR may be important in the etiology of, or progression of, head and neck carcinoma although the mecha nisms need to be elucidated by further study.
Patterns of spread of squamous cell carcinoma within the mandible
Authors: McGregor A. D. , Macdonald D. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe patterns of spread of squamous cell carcinoma within the mandible were investigated in 43 nonirradiated (33 edentulous and 10 partially dentate) and 16 irradiated mandibles. Two modes of spread were identified: (1) spread in relation to the inferior alveolar nerve, and (2) spread in spaces between cancellous bony trabeculae. Although nerve‐related spread was significantly more frequent in the edentulous than in the partially dentate nonirradiated mandible, the difference in incidence between all nonirradiated mandibles and irradiated mandibles was not significant. The patterns of spread in cancellous bone in irradiated and nonirradiated mandibles differed little. Spread of tumor within the medulla, deep to an intact cortex beyond the extent of extraosseous soft tissue tumor, was seen infrequently.
Tracheogastric puncture for vocal rehabilitation following total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy
Authors: Maniglia Anthony J. , Leder Steven B. , Goodwin W. Jarrard , Sawyer Robert , Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpeech rehabilitation postpharyngolaryngoesophagectomy has not received significant emphasis. We describe our experience with five patients who underwent a delayed tracheogastric puncture (TGP) after pharyngogastric anastomosis. When compared to patients who had undergone tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) after laryngectomy, speech intelligibility and fluency were adequate for conversational speech, but voice quality was characterized by lower pitch, reduced intensity, slower rate, and a “wet” quality. There were no complications related to the TGP. TGP is a safe and often useful procedure for voice and speech restoration in patients who have undergone total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy and pharyngogastric anastomosis.
Iatrogenic cholesteatoma of the neck
Authors: Fliss Dan M. , Puterman Marco , Tovi Ferit 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpidermal cysts of the upper neck may appear years after ipsilateral radical mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma. Three patients are presented, and the etiological factors operating in the development of such tumors in these patients and others cited in the literature are discussed.
Significance and therapeutic implications of tumor regression following radiotherapy in patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and pharyngolarynx
Authors: Bataini Jean P. , Jaulerry Christian , Brunin Francoise , Ponvert Dominic , Ghossein Nemetallah A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prognostic significance of tumor regression following radiotherapy was evaluated in 1,897 patients with oro‐ and pharyngo‐laryngeal cancer. Complete tumor regression occurred in 62% and 80% at the end of treatment and 2 months later, respectively. Complete regression was significantly higher for early tumors than for advanced stages and for exophytic lesions compared to deeply infiltrative cancers. Depending on tumor location, 75% to 90% of T1, T2 stages and 50% to 80% of more advanced tumors were locally controlled in patients who experienced complete tumor regression at 2 months. The local failure rate was at least 80% for those who did not have complete regression. The local failure rate for the incomplete responder was the same for early and advanced tumors. Complete tumor clearance following radiotherapy is a reliable indicator of permanent local control. Tumor regression after a dose of 5,000 to 5,500 cGy should be used as a guide to select patients who could be treated by either radical irradiation or surgery.