bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The atypical Spitz tumor of uncertain biologic potential
Authors: Ludgate Mathew W. , Fullen Douglas R. , Lee Julia , Lowe Lori , Bradford Carol , Geiger James , Schwartz Jennifer , Johnson Timothy M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Atypical Spitz tumors (AST) are rare spitzoid melanocytic proliferations with an uncertain malignant potential. ASTs have overlapping features of both Spitz nevi and spitzoid melanoma, and consequently generate controversy with diagnosis and management. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been proposed as a possible means to gain additional insight into the true biologic potential of these tumors; however, previous reports on the use of SLNB in ASTs have been limited by small numbers of patients and short durations of follow‐up.METHODS:The authors extracted data from their institution's prospective melanoma database, collected between 1994 and 2007, for all patients with ASTs of uncertain biologic potential. They reviewed the clinical features of these patients, including the sentinel lymph node status, and the histological features of the tumors.RESULTS:A total of 67 patients with ASTs were identified, with a median age of 23.7 years. The mean depth was 2.4 mm. Of these, 57 had a SLNB performed, with 27 (47%) having a positive sentinel lymph node. SLNB‐positive cases had a significantly lower mean age than SLNB‐negative cases (17.9 vs 28.7 years; P = .013); however, no other significant differences were observed. All 27 patients with a positive SLNB were alive and disease free with median follow‐up of 43.8 months. One patient who did not receive a SLNB developed recurrent disease with regional and distant metastases.CONCLUSIONS:ASTs do not appear to behave like conventional melanoma. There is a high incidence of microscopic lymph node deposits in SLNBs, but despite this finding, patients have a favorable prognosis. Our findings raise several questions regarding the malignant potential of ASTs, and the role of SLNB in their management. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase immunoexpression in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Widhalm Georg , Wolfsberger Stefan , Preusser Matthias , Woehrer Adelheid , Kotter Mark R. , Czech Thomas , Marosi Christine , Knosp Engelbert 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Currently, no effective alternative treatment exists for progressive, regrowing, nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) that are resistant to conventional multimodality therapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) was proposed as a treatment option for pituitary carcinomas and aggressive pituitary adenomas. Recently, it was suggested that the responsiveness of pituitary tumors to TMZ depends on the immunoexpression of O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Therefore, the authors of this report assessed MGMT expression in a series of patients with progressive, regrowing NFPAs to evaluate whether TMZ may serve as alternative treatment option.METHODS:On the basis of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging, 45 patients with NFPAs were allocated to either a group with progressive, regrowing tumors (n = 24) or a tumor‐free group (n = 21), which served as a control. MGMT expression was assessed semiquantitatively by immunohistochemistry (low expression was defined as ≤50% immunostained adenoma cells, and high expression was defined as >50% immunostained adenoma cells) and was compared between the 2 groups.RESULTS:At the time of initial surgery, low MGMT expression was observed in 12 of 24 patients (50%) in the study group with progressive, regrowing NFPAs. In the control group of tumor‐free patients, only 5 of 21 patients (24%) exhibited low MGMT expression. A comparable distribution of MGMT expression was observed in the specimens from repeat surgeries. A shorter interval to second surgery was observed in patients who had low MGMT expression.CONCLUSIONS:The current data has suggested that half of the patients with progressive, regrowing NFPAs exhibit low MGMT expression and are potential candidates for treatment with TMZ. These findings provide a rationale for the use of TMZ as an alternative treatment approach in this subgroup if conventional therapy, including reoperation, radiosurgery, and radiotherapy, fails. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Locoregional recurrence of triple‐negative breast cancer after breast‐conserving surgery and radiation
Authors: Freedman Gary M. , Anderson Penny R. , Li Tianyu , Nicolaou Nicos 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The results of radiation on the local control of triple receptor‐negative breast cancer (negative estrogen [ER], progesterone [PR], and HER‐2/neu receptors) was studied.METHODS:Conservative surgery and radiation were used in 753 patients with T1‐T2 breast cancer. Three groups were defined by receptor status: Group 1: ER or PR (+); Group 2: ER and PR (−) but HER‐2 (+); and Group 3: triple‐negative (TN). Factors analyzed were age, menopausal status, race, stage, tumor size, lymph node status, presentation, grade, extensive in situ disease, margins, and systemic therapy. The primary endpoint was 5‐year locoregional recurrence (LRR) isolated or total with distant metastases.RESULTS:ER‐ and PR‐negative patients were statistically significantly more likely to be black, have T2 disease, have tumors detectable on both mammography and physical examination, have grade 3 tumors, and receive chemotherapy. There were no significant differences noted with regard to ER− and PR− patients by HER‐2 status. There was a significant difference noted in rates of first distant metastases (3%, 12%, and 7% for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively; P = .009). However, the isolated 5‐year LRR was not significantly different (2.3%, 4.6%, and 3.2%, respectively; P = .36) between the 3 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Patients with TN breast cancer do not appear to be at a significantly increased risk for isolated LRR at 5 years and therefore remain appropriate candidates for breast conservation. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Incidence of bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis of the jaws in breast cancer patients
Authors: Walter Christian , Al‐Nawas Bilal , du Bois Andreas , Buch Laura , Harter Philipp , Grötz Knut A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BP‐ONJ) is a relatively new disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of BP‐ONJ in breast cancer patients with osseous metastasis and bisphosphonate therapy.METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted in a EUSOMA accredited breast unit in Germany. All patients treated from January of 2000 to March of 2006 with metastatic breast cancer and bisphosphonate therapy were reviewed. All patients were contacted, and missing data were completed through structured interviews with their dentists and physicians (n = 75). Primary outcome was the development of BP‐ONJ and the detection of possible additional trigger factors for the development of BP‐ONJ.RESULTS:A total of 117 patients with breast cancer fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and data for 75 still living patients were included. Of these 75, 4 patients developed a BP‐ONJ, resulting in a prevalence of 5.3%: 3 patients received zoledronate only; 1 patient had first pamidronate followed by zoledronate and ibandronate. A tooth extraction could be identified as an additional trigger factor for 2 patients.CONCLUSIONS:With a prevalence of 5.3%, BP‐ONJ in breast cancer patients has become a relevant disease that should be discussed with patients for whom bisphosphonates have been recommended. Appropriate dental care before bisphosphonate therapy commences has been advised to reduce the occurrence of BP‐ONJ. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Frequent loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 1q in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Maru Dipen M. , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Correa Arlene M. , White‐Cross Jill , Anandasabapathy Sharmila , Krishnan Sunil , Guha Sushovan , Komaki Ritsuko , Swisher Stephen G. , Ajani Jaffer A. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Rashid Asif 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Previous microarray expression profiling studies have shown that genes located on chromosome region 1q21‐23 were down‐regulated in the progression of Barrett esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma and that, among patients with the latter condition, these genes were differentially expressed between responders and nonresponders of preoperative chemoradiation therapy. It was unclear whether this difference was due to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or to other genetic alterations at this locus.METHODS:The status of chromosome 1q LOH was retrospectively evaluated in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded pretreatment biopsy specimens from 33 patients with locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma who were treated with preoperative neoadjuvant therapy, and the findings were correlated with clinicopathologic features and overall survival duration. LOH was determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis of 7 dinucleotide microsatellite markers that spanned chromosomal region 1q21‐23.RESULTS:Allelic loss of chromosome 1q with any marker was found in 66% of tumors; 58% of tumors demonstrated loss of chromosome 1q21, and 45% of tumors demonstrated loss of chromosome 1q23. Patients with loss of chromosome 1q21.3 had shorter overall survival duration than patients without loss of chromosome 1q21.3 (P = .02). The difference in survival with loss of the chromosome 1q21.3 region was also found to be significant in a subset of patients with incomplete pathologic response to preoperative therapy (P = .024).CONCLUSIONS:Loss of chromosome 1q was a frequent finding in esophageal adenocarcinoma cases, and loss of the 1q21.3 region was associated with shorter overall survival duration. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
A Facile Method to Assemble PNIPAM‐Containing Microgel Photonic Crystals
Authors: Zhou Mi , Xing Fubao , Ren Meilin , Feng Yan , Zhao Yongqiang , Qiu Haixia , Wang Xiaodong , Gao Chunjuan , Sun Feifei , He Yongqiang , Ma Zhiqing , Wen Pu , Gao Jianping 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStructural colors: Poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) based microgel photonic crystals are fabricated by using a new method called “high‐temperature‐induced hydrophobic assembly”. The assembling conditions affect the water content of the crystals, thus determining their structural color (see image). The obtained photonic crystals are sensitive to solvents, and the reversible changes in their color can be observed with the naked eye.magnified image
Two‐Color Two‐Photon Excitation of Intrinsic Protein Fluorescence: Label‐Free Observation of Proteolytic Digestion of Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Quentmeier Stefan , Quentmeier Claudia C. , Walla Peter J. , Gericke Karl‐Heinz 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTwo into one: Simultaneous absorption of two photons of different colors (2c2p) extends the applicable wavelength range of the Ti:Sa laser beyond that of conventional two‐photon excitation (TPE) into the UV region (see schematic). The intrinsic fluorescence of bovine serum albumin during proteolytic cleavage by subtilisin (see plot) are monitored without exposing the protein to damaging UV radiation.magnified imageTwo‐color two‐photon (2c2p) excitation fluorescence is used to monitor the enzymatic cleavage of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by subtilisin. Fluorescence is generated by irradiation with spatially and temporally overlapping femtosecond laser beams resulting in simultaneous absorption of an 800 and a 400 nm photon. Thereby, excitation of the fluorescent amino acid tryptophan present in BSA corresponds to an effective one‐photon wavelength of 266 nm. The progress of protein cleavage is monitored by time‐resolved fluorescence analysis. The fluorescence lifetime of tryptophan decreases during the reaction. This demonstrates a novel label‐free multiphoton observation technique for conformational changes of proteins containing tryptophan. Due to the strong 2c2p fluorescence signal it is suitable for fast evaluation and monitoring of protein reactions. The course of the reaction is monitored simultaneously by gel electrophoresis. In contrast to conventional one‐photon techniques, 2c2p excitation enables label‐free protein fluorescence studies without irradiating the sample with UV light. Due to the dependence of the excitation on the power of both laser beams, excitation is limited to a relatively small focal volume. This results in dramatically reduced overall photodamage compared to direct UV irradiation. This method can be easily extended to microscopy imaging techniques.
A Theoretical Study on the Electronic States and O‐Loss Photodissociation of the NO2+ Ion
Authors: Chang Hai‐Bo , Huang Ming‐Bao 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAt a loss: CASPT2 geometry optimization calculations assign the eight low‐lying ionic states observed in the photoelectron spectra of NO2+. CASPT2 potential energy curves for O‐loss dissociation from the 11A′ (X1Σg+), 13A′ (a3B2), 13A′′ (b3A2), 11A′′ (A1A2), 21A′ (B1B2), and 23A′′ states of the NO2+ ion are shown in the figure.magnified imageCASPT2 (multiconfiguration second‐order perturbation theory) calculations were performed at the molecular geometry for 17 low‐lying singlet and triplet states of the NO2+ ion. The CASPT2 vertical relative energies (Tv′) were obtained and the characters of these ionic states (primary or shake‐up ionization states) were determined. For the eight low‐lying states, we performed CASPT2 geometry optimization calculations and obtained the CASPT2 adiabatic relative energies (T0). We conclude that the 11A1, 13B2, 13A2, 11A2, 11B2, 13A1, 23B1, and 33B2 states of NO2+ correspond to the X1Σg+, a3B2, b3A2, A1A2, B1B2, c3A1, d3B1, and (3b2)−1 3B2 states (the eight ionic states below 20 eV observed in the photoelectron spectra of Brundle et al.1 and Baltzer et al.2), respectively. The 11A1, 13B2, 13A2, 11A2, 11B2, 13A1, and 33B2 states are primary ionization states, and the CASPT2 Tv′ and T0 values of these states are close to the corresponding experimental values from refs. [1] and [2]. The 23B1 state is not a typical primary ionization state, and the CASPT2 Tv′ and T0 values for 23B1 are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values for d3B1 from refs. [1] and [2] (the CASPT2 T0 value for 13B1 is more than 2.5 eV smaller than the experimental values). Based on our CASPT2 T0 calculations, we comment on the assignments of the d3A1, C1B1, and D1B2 states below 20 eV observed by Jarvis et al. and on the MRCI T0 values of Hirst for the 13B1, 11B1, and 3A1 states. On the basis of the CASPT2 potential energy curve (PEC) and CASSCF singlet/triplet minimum‐energy crossing point (MECP) calculations, we reach the following conclusions concerning O‐loss photodissociation from the X1Σg+, a3B2, b3A2, A1A2, and B1B2 states, which are in line with the experimental facts. The adiabatic dissociation process of the X1Σg+ state to the second limit [NO+(X1Σ+)+O(1D)] cannot occur due to a high energy barrier (>5.0 eV) along the PEC, and the nonadiabitic process of X1Σg+ to the first limit [NO+(X1Σ+)+O(3P)] via the triplet states is unlikely since the MECPs lie very high above X1Σg+. For the a3B2 and b3A2 states, adiabatic dissociation processes to the first limit may occur. Both the A1A2 and B1B2 states can undergo processes of predissociation to the first limit by a repulsive 23A′′ state, since the MECPs lie low above A1A2 and B1B2 and the calculated spin–orbit couplings at the MECPs are not small.
Epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the liver with striking giant cell component: Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy findings of a rare neoplasm
Authors: Alatassi Houda , Sahoo Sunati 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAngiomyolipoma (AML) is a uncommon benign neoplasm of the liver with cyto‐ and histologic features similar to the more commonly encountered renal AML. Tumors composed predominantly of epithelioid cells have been referred to as epithelioid AML. Because most liver lesions are first evaluated by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), it is important to distinguish this variant of AML from more common hepatic neoplasms such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastatic tumors. Rare reports of epithelioid AML of the liver diagnosed by FNAB are in the literature. Here, we describe the cytologic findings of a unique case of epithelioid AML with numerous giant cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of a papillary thyroid carcinoma involved by malignant plasma cell disease: A case report
Authors: Bhanote Monisha , Vazquez Madeline F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe described the fine‐needle aspiration biopsy findings in a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma involved by a malignant plasma cell disease of the thyroid gland in a 54‐year‐old female. Although papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, involvement by plasma cell disease is exceptionally unusual. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma presenting as rectangular cell type on fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Schreiner Andrew M. , Yang Grace C. H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMedullary thyroid carcinoma typically presents as dyscohesive plasmacytoid, spindled, or polygonal cells on fine‐needle aspiration smears. We recently encountered a case of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma that presented as a hypercellular aspirate composed of cohesive aggregates of rectangle‐shaped cells. The case was mistakenly reported as a hypercellular follicular neoplasm on cytology. Subsequent thyroidectomy revealed medullary carcinoma. We draw attention to this distinctive rectangular cell type as an additional morphology for medullary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extranodal lymphomas: Review of clinicopathologic and cytologic features
Authors: Siddiqui Momin T. , Pitelka Lisa A. , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractExtranodal lymphomas can be challenging for a practicing cytopathologist, especially in the fine needle aspiration clinic setting. These lymphomas can vary in type from one extranodal site to another. A variety of these lymphomas have very specific clinicopathologic features. They also may be associated with underlying autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency syndromes, infection, or be noted in unique ethnic communities. This article reviews some of the commonly encountered lymphomas in extranodal sites with an emphasis on clinicopathologic and cytologic features. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alkaline Earth Metal Salts of 5‐Nitro‐2H‐tetrazole: Prospective Candidates for Environmentally Friendly Energetic Applications
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Sabaté Carles Miró , Welch Jan M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDeprotonation of ammonium 5‐nitrotetrazolate in aqueous or alcoholic solution upon reaction with a suitable alkaline earth metal (M2+) hydroxide or carbonate (M2+ = Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ or Ba2+) leads to the synthesis of a family of sensitive energetic metal salts based on the 5‐nitrotetrazolate anion (NT–). These new compounds were characterized by IR, Raman and NMR (1H, 13C and 14N) spectroscopy as well as by mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. In addition, the crystal structure of the calcium salt was determined by low‐temperature X‐ray measurements [orthorombic, space group Pna2; a = 6.8960(2), b = 32.575(1), c = 6.2399(2) Å; V = 1401.73(8) Å3]. All compounds show good thermal stabilities at or above 180 °C, as proved by DSC measurements, and the sensitivity of the salts towards impact and friction increases with the size of the cation (Mg < Ca < Sr < Ba). Lastly, the 5‐nitro‐2H‐tetrazole salts presented here show promise for future use as energetic compounds.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Operational stability of immobilised lipase/acyltransferase during interesterification of fat blends
Authors: Osório Natália Melo , Dubreucq Eric , da Fonseca Maria Manuela R. , Ferreira‐Dias Suzana 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis is an unusual enzyme that preferably catalyses alcoholysis over hydrolysis in biphasic aqueous/organic media. The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational stability of an immobilised form of this enzyme during the interesterification of fat blends containing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in solvent‐free media, at 60 °C, carried out continuously and batchwise. When the interesterification was performed in a continuous fluidised‐bed reactor, an operational half‐life of 9 h was estimated. The biocatalyst was also reused in consecutive 23‐h batches, in a total of four batches, either using fresh medium with no water addition or adding water to rehydrate the biocatalyst. When no water and extra water was added to the reaction medium, the obtained half‐lives were 10 and 18 h, respectively. Thus, the loss of activity may be explained by a progressive dehydration occurring along the reaction rather than by product or substrate inhibition effects. The interesterification activity was accompanied by changes in the acylglycerol profile. An increase in compounds of low equivalent carbon number (ECN) and in triacylglycerols (TAG) of ECN 42 and 44 was observed. This increase was accompanied by the consumption of TAG of ECN 46, 48 and 50.
Pronounced Catalytic Effect of a Micellar Solution of Sodium Dodecylsulfate (SDS) Upon a Three‐Component Reaction of Aldehydes, Amines, and Ketones Under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Jafari Abbas Ali , Moradgholi Fatemeh , Tamaddon Fatemeh 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA micellar solution of anionic, cationic or neutral surfactants can be used as an excellent medium for three‐component Mannich reactions of aldehydes, amines, and ketones at room temperature. Sodium dodecylsulfate turned out to efficiently catalyze the reaction in neutral pure water (pH ≈ 7), and the corresponding desired β‐amino ketones precipitate while the reactions proceedes. This method provides a novel and improved modification of the three‐component Mannich reaction in terms of mild reaction conditions, clean reaction profile, improved yields, and excellent regio‐ and diastereoselectivities with a simple workup. Interesting examples of click chemistry under neutral conditions in water were observed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Screening and confirmatory methods for the analysis of macrocyclic lactone mycotoxins by CE with amperometric detection
Authors: Arribas Alberto Sánchez , Bermejo Esperanza , Zapardiel Antonio , Téllez Helena , Rodríguez‐Flores Juana , Zougagh Mohammed , Ríos Ángel , Chicharro Manuel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA simple analytical scheme for the screening and quantification of zearalenone and its metabolites, α‐zearalenol and β‐zearalenol, is reported. Extracts from maize flour samples were collected by supercritical fluid extraction and afterwards, they were analyzed by CE with amperometric detection. This scheme allowed a rapid and reliable identification of contaminated flour samples according to the reference value established for zearalenone by directive 2005/38/EC (200 μg/kg). The sample screening method was carried out by CZE using 25 mM borate separation buffer at pH 9.2 and 25.0 kV as separation voltage, monitoring the amperometric signal at +700 mV with a carbon paste electrode. In this way, total amount of mycotoxins was determined and samples were processed in 4 min with a detection limit of 12 μg/L, enough to discriminate between positive (more than 200 μg/L total mycotoxins) and negative samples (less than 200 μg/L total mycotoxins). Positive samples were then subjected to CZE separation and quantification of each analyte was done with 50 mM borate running buffer modified with 30% methanol at pH 9.7 and 17.5 kV as separation voltage. Under these conditions, separation was achieved in 15 min with detection limits from 20 to 35 μg/L for each analyte.