bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Synthese langkettiger Fettsäuren II: Geradkettige Alkansäuren
Authors: Kaufmann Hans Paul , Stamm Walter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractZur Kettenverlängerung von Fettsäuren werden deren Chloride an Äthylen angelagert zu Alkyl‐[β‐chlor‐äthyl]‐ketonen und diese durch Abspaltung von Chlorwasserstoff in die entsprechenden Vinylketone übergeführt, die durch Permanganant‐Oxydation α‐Keto‐fettsäuren liefern. Aus den Alkyl‐[β‐chloräthyl]‐ketonen erhält man über die Alkyl‐[β‐cyan‐äthyl]‐ketone die γ‐Keto‐fettsäuren, mit Hilfe von Natrium‐malonester δ‐Keto‐fettsäuren. Durch Reduktion der Ketosäuren werden die Fettsäuren mit entsprechend verlängerter Kette gewonnen.
Zur Kenntnis der Chrom(II)‐Salze und des Chrom(II)‐oxyds, I
Authors: Lux Hermann , Illmann Günther 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Auflösung von reinstem Elektrolytchrom in Salzsäure, Bromwasserstoffsäure, Jodwasserstoffsäure, Schwefelsäure, Perchlorsäure, Ameisensäure, Essigsäure, oder Oxalsäure führt bei Luftabschluß zu Chrom(II)‐Lösungen, die praktisch frei von dreiwertigem Chrom und infolge ihrer Reinheit ganz ungewöhnlich stabil sind. — Die Darstellung verschiedener, bisher nicht bekannter Salze aus wäßriger Lösung wird beschrieben, so u. a. des grünen Oxalats CrC2O4 · 2H2O, eines blauen Perchlorat‐Hydrats sowie der blauen Hydrate CrCl2 · 4H2O, CrBr2 · 6H2O, CrJ2 · 6H2O und ihrer grünen isomeren Formen. Das bisher als extrem sauerstoffempfindlich bekannte blaue Sulfat CrSO4 · 5H2O ist in reinem Zustand an der Atmosphäre Jahre hindurch haltbar; es ist mit CuSO4 · 5H2O isotyp.
Lupinen‐Alkaloide, VIII. Zur Konfigurationsbestimmung von Chinolizidin‐Derivaten
Authors: Bohlmann Ferdinand 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEs wird eine charakteristische Bandengruppe im IR‐Spektrum beschrieben, die in Piperidinderivaten nur dann auftritt, wenn mindestens zwei nachbarständige axiale CH‐Bindungen in trans‐Stellung zum einsamen Elektronenpaar am Stickstoff stehen. Dies ist z. B. in trans‐Chinolizidin‐Ringen der Fall, aber nicht, wenn, durch Konstitution und Konfiguration eines Moleküls bedingt, ein cis‐Chinolizidin‐Ringsystem vorliegt. Durch Synthese deuterierter Basen läßt sich die fragliche Bandengruppe eindeutig zuordnen.
Lupinen‐Alkaloide, X. Die Konfiguration des Matrins
Authors: Bohlmann Ferdinand , Weise Wolfgang , Rahtz Dieter , Arndt Christian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUnter Benutzung der in den beiden vorangegangenen Arbeiten beschriebenen Gesetzmäßigkeiten der IR‐Spektren von Chinolizidin‐Derivaten und den Geschwindigkeiten der Dehydrierung dieser Verbindungen mit Quecksilber(II)‐acetat wird unter Hinzuziehung weiterer chemischer Reaktionen die Konfiguration des Hauptalkaloids aus Sophora flavescens — des Matrins — aufgeklärt. Dic sich dabei ergebenden stereochemischen Probleme der Reduktion und Hydrierung von Dehydroverbindungen dieser Reihe werden erörtert.
Über die Umsetzung einiger Alkoxy‐p‐benzochinone mit Äthylenimin
Authors: Gauss Walter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUnter verschiedenen mit Äthylenimin umgesetzten Alkoxy‐p‐benzochinonen kommt dem 2.6‐Dimethoxy‐benzochinon‐(1.4) eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Es liefert in unerwarteter Reaktion nebeneinander 2.6‐Bis‐äthylenimino‐hydrochinon und 2.3.5‐Tris‐äthylenimino‐benzochinon‐(1.4).
Glutamine supplementation prevents exercise‐induced neutrophil apoptosis and reduces p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation and p53 and caspase 3 expression
Authors: Lagranha Claudia J. , Hirabara Sandro M. , Curi Rui , Pithon‐Curi Tania C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that a single session of exercise induces DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, increases expression of pro‐apoptotic genes (bax and bcl‐xS) and decreases expression of anti‐apoptotic genes (bcl‐xL) in rat neutrophils. Glutamine supplementation had a protective effect in the apoptosis induced by a single session of exercise. The mechanism involved in the effect of single session of exercise to induce apoptosis was investigated by measuring expression of p53 and caspase 3 and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and cJun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) in neutrophils from rats supplemented or not with glutamine. Exercise was carried out on a treadmill for 1 h and the rats were killed by decapitation. Neutrophils were obtained by intraperitoneal (i.p.) lavage with PBS, 4 h after injection of oyster glycogen solution. Glutamine supplementation (1g per Kg b.w.) was given by gavage 1 h before the exercise session. Gene expression and protein phosphorylation were then analyzed by reverse transcriptase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. A single session of exercise increased p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation and p53 and caspase 3 expression. Glutamine supplementation partially prevented the increase in p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation and p53 expression, and fully abolished the increase in caspase 3 expression. Thus, neutrophil apoptosis induced by a single session of exercise is accompanied by increased p53 and caspase 3 expression and p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation. Glutamine supplementation prevents these effects of exercise and reduces apoptosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracking molecular particles in live cells using fuzzy rule‐based system
Authors: Jiang Shan , Zhou Xiaobo , Kirchhausen Tom , Wong Stephen T. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent development of detection techniques of molecular particles in live cells has stimulated interest in developing the new powerful techniques to track the molecular particles in live cells. One special type of cellular microscopy images is about the formation and transportation of clathrin‐coated pits and vesicles. Clathrin‐coated pits are very important in studying the behavior of proteins and lipids in live cells. To answer the question, whether there exist “hot spots” for the formation of Clathrin‐coated pits or the pits and arrays formed randomly on the plasma membrane, it is necessary to track many hundreds of individual pits dynamically in live‐cell microscope movies to capture and monitor how pits and vesicles were formed. Therefore, a motion correspondence algorithm based on fuzzy rule‐based system is proposed to resolve the problem of ambiguous association encountered in these dynamic, live‐cell images of clathrin assemblies. Results show that this method can accurately track most of the particles in the high volume images. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
High‐throughput screening and characterization of clones selected from phage display libraries
Authors: Yang Loretta , Nolan John P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground:Clones from phage display libraries are generally selected by a number of rounds of panning and regrowth, followed by primary screening to identify hits and secondary characterization to identify clones with optimal affinity and specificity. Because functional screening for binding or other activity can be material‐, time‐, and labor‐intensive, sequencing is often used to identify the emergence of a consensus sequence prior functional characterization. However, the consensus sequence is not always the optimal one because factors such as phage growth rates, nonspecific binding, and other selection pressures can bias the selection process.Methods:To improve function‐based phage display library screening and characterization, we developed a multiplexed approach employing optically‐encoded microsphere arrays and flow cytometry.Results:We show that capture of phage from crude culture supernatants enables the efficient screening of binding activity and the evaluation of binding avidity. The approach uses small volumes and a homogeneous no‐wash format that minimizes reagent consumption and sample handling. The use of optically‐encoded microspheres allows many phage to be screened simultaneously, greatly increasing throughput.Conclusions:This approach is flexible, supporting primary and secondary screening for a range of functional assays, and scalable, potentially supporting the screening of thousands to hundreds of thousands of clones per hour. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Flow sorting from organ material by intracellular markers
Authors: Moerch Ulrik , Nielsen Henriette S. , Lundsgaard Dorthe , Oleksiewicz Martin B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground:Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) is an attractive technique for gene or protein expression studies in rare cell populations. For cell types where specific surface markers are not known, intracellular markers can be used. However, this approach is currently held to be difficult, as the required fixation and permeabilization may cause protein modification and RNA degradation.Methods and Results:Using the rat thyroid gland as model, rare (parafollicular) and frequent (follicular) endocrine cell types were sorted based on immunostaining for intracellular calcitonin peptide and thyroglobulin protein expression. The sorted cells were compatible with Western blot analysis of proteins, immunoassay detection of calcitonin peptide hormone and RT‐PCR.Conclusion:We developed a robust FACS protocol that allows flow sorting of rare cells from dissociated organ material, based on intracellular markers. Our FACS protocol is compatible with downstream analysis of proteins, peptides, and mRNA in the sorted cells. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Gas‐Phase Fragmentation Behavior of Vanadium(V) Complexes Containing One Molecule of a C4‐Dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Kaczorowska Malgorzata , Schwarz Helmut , Schröder Detlef 
Published: June 2007

AbstractComplexes of vanadium(V) with C4‐dicarboxylic acids, i.e. maleic, fumaric, and succinic acid, are investigated by means of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. Under soft conditions of ionization, ESI of a diluted solution of OV(OC2H5)3 in methanol gives rise to complexes, which are best described by the general formula [(XCOO)2VO(C,H4,O)]+ (X = CH, CH2), where the solvent employed delivers the (C,H4,O) unit, whose components are either attached to vanadium as an intact methanol ligand or are distributed over the other atoms. In the complexes containing maleic or succinic acid, the acids appear to act as chelating ligands with coordination of the vanadium center by two oxygen atoms from two different carboxylic groups. In contrast, the trans‐configuration in fumaric acid prevents the formation of similar chelate complexes. The fragmentation reactions of the complexes are studied by collision‐induced dissociation and labeling experiments. For the vanadium(V) complex derived from maleic acid, a preferential elimination of CO2 is observed, followed by combined losses of CO2, CO, and C2H2 or alternatively an intact C4H2O3 unit, which most likely corresponds to maleic anhydride. Instead, evaporation of water followed by loss of carbon monoxide predominates for the corresponding VV cation generated in the presence of succinic acid. Due to the fact that the loss of water involves the central methylene groups of succinic acid, a connection to the vanadium‐oxide‐mediated formation of maleic acid upon partial oxidation of C4‐hydrocarbons is proposed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Conformational Flexibility in a Carbobicyclic Diphosphinite Ligand
Authors: Fairlamb Ian J. S. , Tommasi Simona , Moulton Benjamin E. , Zheng Wenxu , Lin Zhenyang , Whitwood Adrian C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn unsymmetrical bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanyl diphosphinite ligand, FLEXIphosO, shows flexible coordination modes to palladium centres. The X‐ray crystal structure for [Pd02(P,P′)3] has been determined which reveals that the bicyclic backbone of the FLEXIphosO ligand exists in an exo‐envelope conformation. The change in conformation stands in stark contrast to that observed in mononuclear neutral and cationic palladium(II) complexes containing the FLEXIphosO ligand, where an endo‐envelope is observed in solution and in the solid‐state. Theoretical studies provide an insight into the relative stability of palladium(0) complexes containing the FLEXIphosO ligand. Another large spanning angle ligand, SPANphos, does not form a similar palladium(0) dimer complex under identical reaction conditions, highlighting the unusual behaviour of the FLEXIphosO ligand.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Osmiumporphyrin‐Catalyzed Oxyfunctionalization and Isomerization of Natural (5β)‐Bile Acids with tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Ogawa Shoujiro , Hosoi Keiji , Iida Takashi , Wakatsuki Yasuo , Makino Mitsuko , Fujimoto Yasuo , Hofmann Alan F. 
Published: June 2007

Abstracttert‐Butyl hydroperoxide catalyzed by (meso‐5,10,15,20‐tetramesitylporphyrinate)osmium(II) carbonyl [Os(TMP)CO] was shown to be an efficient, versatile oxyfunctionalization system for the methyl ester peracetate derivatives of a series of common, natural (5β)‐bile acids. Hydroxylation at C‐5 and C‐14, ketonization at C‐15 and C‐16, and isomerization at C‐5 and C‐14 in the nucleus were all attained in one step. Factors governing the regioselectivity as well as the mechanism of formation of these compounds are discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Tartaric Acid Amides by the Gabriel Route
Authors: Villa Gonzalez Susana , Carlsen Per 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOptically active (3R,4R)‐3,4‐diacetoxypyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione was prepared from L‐tartaric acid by ring closure of the ammonium salt of (2R,3R)‐2,3‐diacetoxy‐3‐carbamoylpropanoic acid with thionyl chloride. Mechanistic considerations indicate that the ring closure proceeds through two competing pathways: either direct ring closure of an intermediate acyl chloride or in a parallel route via a ketene intermediate. The cyclic product was further converted into the optically active tartramonoamides and tartradiamides by hydrolysis and reaction with appropriate alkylamines, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Cover Picture: Comparison of Cyclodextrin‐Dipeptide Inclusion Complexes in the Absence and Presence of Urea by Means of Capillary Electrophoresis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Modeling (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 18/2007)
Authors: Waibel Benjamin , Scheiber Josef , Meier Claudia , Hammitzsch Manuela , Baumann Knut , Scriba Gerhard K. E. , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows the route that was used to confirm the formation of the possible complex between ?‐cyclodextrin and Ala‐Tyr in the presence of urea. Capillary electrophoresis shows obvious differences in the enantioseparation of the dipeptide both in the presence and absence of urea. Experimental (NMR spectroscopy) and theoretical (molecular dynamics) approaches were used to investigate these differences. Both methods confirm that a complex is formed in which urea is involved in the binding through hydrogen bonds. Details are discussed in the article by U. Holzgrabe et al. on p. 2921 ff.
Evaluation of instrument leak detection capabilities for Smart LDAR application: Chemical plant testing
Authors: Furry D.W. , Harris G. , Ranum D. , Anderson E.P. , Carlstrom V.M. , Sadik W.A. , Shockley C.E. , Siegell J.H. , White G.M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo progress wider application of optical imaging technology for Smart LDAR (Leak Detection And Repair), confirmatory field test data on instrument leak detection capabilities for several chemical species were collected. During this testing, the optical imaging instrument was used to monitor over 73,000 components in 11 different chemical plant process unit areas. Twenty‐eight leaks were found using the optical imaging instrument and 16 of these leaks were bagged to quantify the mass emission rate. The monitoring team was able to check over 3,600 components per hour on average. Included in this paper are a summary of the process areas monitored with the optical imaging instrument and the times these were monitored, the approximate number of components monitored in each process area, the time for this monitoring and the corresponding rate of monitoring for each process area and for the overall test period, list of the components found leaking by the optical imaging instrument, a rough description of the chemical in the process line, the Method 21 reading, and the mass emission rate if bagging was done. A comparison to the previously published laboratory results shows that for all species tested, the detected leak rates fell within the range of the laboratory wind tunnel testing. This confirms the applicability of the wind tunnel tests as a predictive tool for evaluating optical imaging instrument performance in a process plant. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
Perinatal iron deficiency results in altered developmental expression of genes mediating energy metabolism and neuronal morphogenesis in hippocampus
Authors: Carlson Erik S. , Stead John D.H. , Neal Charles R. , Petryk Anna , Georgieff Michael K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe human and rat hippocampus is highly susceptible to iron deficiency (ID) during the late fetal, early neonatal time period which is a peak time of regulated brain iron uptake and utilization. ID during this period alters cognitive development and is characterized by distinctive, long‐term changes in hippocampal cellular growth and function. The fundamental processes underlying these changes are not entirely understood. In this study, ID‐induced changes in expression of 25 genes implicated in iron metabolism, including cell growth and energy metabolism, dendrite morphogenesis, and synaptic connectivity were assessed from postnatal day (P) 7 to P65 in hippocampus. All 25 genes showed altered expression during the period of ID (P7, 15, and 30); 10 had changes on P65 after iron repletion. ID caused long‐term diminished protein levels of four factors critical for hippocampal neuron differentiation and plasticity, including CamKIIα, Fkbp1a (Fkbp12), Dlgh4 (PSD‐95), and Vamp1 (Synaptobrevin‐1). ID altered gene expression in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and in a gene network implicated in Alzheimer disease etiology. ID during late fetal and early postnatal life alters the levels and timing of expression of critical genes involved in hippocampal development and function. The study provides targets for future studies in elucidating molecular mechanisms underpinning iron's role in cognitive development and function. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Securing skills needed for success. Community job training for negroes
Authors: Blum Albert A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBusiness, unions, and community organizations will have to cooperate more closely than ever before to provide job training programs for Negroes, if explosive racial disturbances are to be avoided and a large section of unused manpower potential is to be developed.Much of this work was done during 1963‐64 and some of its other findings will be published in “job Training Through Adult Education: A Second Chance for the Negro and the Community,” in Arthur Ross and Herbert Hill, eds., Employment, Race, and Poverty, Harcourt, Brace and World, 1966.
A strategy, structure, human resource database: OASIS
Authors: Ulrich Dave , Geller Andrew , DeSouza Glenn 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTraditionally, strategic planners and human resource professionals have taken separate approaches in their attempts to improve organization functioning. As a result, strategic planners lack important information that affects the implementation of their plans and human resource managers have little impact on the strategic direction of their orgnizations. The University of Michigan, Hay Associates, and The Strategic Planning Institute have come together in a new venture to build a multicompany database that links organization characteristics and human resource and strategic planning practices with data on company financial performance. The database will be used to make intercompany comparisons on significant organization variables and to identify those practices that lead to improved financial performance.
Organization and human resource professionals in transition
Authors: Sears L. N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA critical issue confronting business management in the 1980s is how to successfully manage organizations and human resource issues at a time of rapid changes in markets, products, technology, and competition. These issues are aggravated by changing social values, government legislation, and international economics which impact on human resource managers even more. This article argues for a new type of professional, one who combines expertise in aligning the organization structure and culture with human resource systems and business strategy. The organization and human resource professionals (O&HR) role described is not totally new but a logical next generation extension of a role currently found at General Electric.
Management roles in the implementation of participative management systems
Authors: Fisher K. Kim 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough participative management supposedly cures the ills of low morale and productivity, managers in these organizations are often frustrated with their jobs. Part of this frustration may come from not understanding their changing roles in participative work systems. In this paper I introduce a model of the cycle of participative management which outlines the stages of organization maturity and the appropriate management roles for each stage. I also discuss how the manager acts as a Leader, Facilitator, Enabler, and Coach. My purpose is to help Human Resource Managers understand how management roles will change as the organization evolves to a mature participative work system and to show how they can support this challenging transformation.
Human Resources Management Innovation
Authors: Kossek Ellen Ernst 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGuided by a general manager's perspective of human resources management (HRM), this paper identifies key factor affecting the introduction of HRM innovations in organizations. Because the essence of market and technological leadership is the development of the organizational capacity to carry out inventive ideas, it is critical to understand the main forces influencing HRM innovation. Following a definition of HRM innovation, six propositions are discussed using current and historical examples. Since HRM innovation also involves change in the social system of the organization, the adoption and diffusion of these innovations can be attributed not only to external environmental forces but also to social processes.
The threat of professional obsolescence: How do professionals at different career stages experience it and cope with it?
Authors: Pazy Asya 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe accelerated rate of scientific and technological progress puts heavy demands on professionals. To be able to function effectively in the world of modern technology, professionals must continuously update their knowledge and skills so that they do not stay behind and are not threatened by obsolescence. Managers and human resource practitioners need to understand how the threat of obsolescence is perceived, and what professionals actually do to alleviate this threat. An exploratory study, based on in‐depth interviews with 50 professionals in the Israeli high‐tech industry, identified a variety of meanings that professionals assign to the threat of obsolescence, and a variety of updating activities in which they engage in order to cope with these threats. First, three meaning categories were identified: threat in the context of the self, threat in the immediate social context, and threat in the context of the job market. The essence and prevalence of these meanings were different at different career stages. Second, three types of updating resources were identified: structured opportunities, information material, and interpersonal exchange. Both the availability and the utilization of these resources varied with career stage. Implications of the multifaceted view of obsolescence to the management of professional human resources are discussed.