bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between Reach-Scale Habitat Variables and Biotic Integrity Score, Brook Trout Density, and Brown Trout Density in Wisconsin Streams
Authors: Fayram Andrew H. , Mitro Matthew G. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Trout density and biotic integrity scores are central metrics used to guide trout stream management actions. However, it is unclear whether reach-scale habitat characteristics affect trout density and biotic integrity in a similar fashion. To determine the relative strength of relationships between reach-scale habitat characteristics and important biological metrics, we used artificial neural network models to examine the relationships between 11 reach-scale habitat variables and (1) catch per effort (CPE) for brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, (2) CPE for brown trout Salmo trutta, and (3) coldwater fish index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores. The trout CPE models generally included habitat features related to physical characteristics; the IBI model generally included physical characteristics as well as those related to water quality. The brook trout CPE model included sinuosity and percent pool area. The brown trout CPE model included gradient and cover. The coldwater IBI model included gradient, percent fine sediments, buffer width, and width : depth ratio. Habitat restoration efforts that seek to maximize brook trout CPE, brown trout CPE, or IBI may benefit from consideration of habitat variables associated with each metric. We also performed quantile regression to evaluate whether any one of the three response metrics of interest was limiting to any of the other variables. Conditions that control IBI scores may also limit brook trout and brown trout densities; 90th-percentile regressions between brook trout or brown trout CPE and IBI score were significant. Although our findings suggest that IBI scores and trout densities can often be increased simultaneously, the fact that different habitat variables were included in each model suggests that the most appropriate habitat restoration efforts may also differ depending on the management goal.
Survival of the Faucet Snail after Chemical Disinfection, pH extremes, and Heated Water Bath Treatments
Authors: Mitchell Andrew J. , Cole Rebecca A. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The faucet snail Bithynia tentaculata, a nonindigenous aquatic snail from Eurasia, was introduced into Lake Michigan in 1871 and has spread to the mid-Atlantic states, the Great Lakes region, Montana, and most recently, the Mississippi River. The faucet snail serves as intermediate host for several trematodes that have caused large-scale mortality among water birds, primarily in the Great Lakes region and Montana. It is important to limit the spread of the faucet snail; small fisheries equipment can serve as a method of snail distribution. Treatments with chemical disinfection, pH extremes, and heated water baths were tested to determine their effectiveness as a disinfectant for small fisheries equipment. Two treatments eliminated all test snails: (1) a 24-h exposure to Hydrothol 191 at a concentration of at least 20 mg/L and (2) a treatment with 50°C heated water for 1 min or longer. Faucet snails were highly resistant to ethanol, NaCl, formalin, Lysol, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, Baquacil, Virkon, household bleach, and pH extremes (as low as 1 and as high as 13).
Midfacial Growth in a Consecutive Series of Preadolescent Children with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate following a One-Stage Simultaneous Repair
Authors: Fudalej Piotr , Obloj Barbara , Miller-Drabikowska Dorota , Samarcew-Krawczak Anna , Dudkiewicz Zofia 
Published: October 2008

Objective: To evaluate midfacial growth in prepubertal children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate following one-stage simultaneous repair. Subjects: A series of 28 consecutively treated subjects with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate were compared with age- and gender-matched controls with normal midfacial structure. Methods: On the lateral cephalograms taken at the age of approximately 10 years, size and position of the maxilla and upper dental arch were evaluated in vertical and horizontal planes. Statistical analysis included independent t tests and nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The maxilla was found to be retruded (sella-nasion-point A angle decreased by 4.5° and nasion to point A distance increased by 4.2 mm) and rotated posteriorly (sella-nasion/palatal plane angle decreased by 4.5°) in the cleft group. Maxillary length (pterygomaxillare-point A distance) was diminished by approximately 2 mm. Upper incisors were found retroclined in comparison to controls (both upper incisor axis/sella-nasion and upper incisor axis/palatal plane angles were decreased by 10.7° and 6.1°, respectively). Conclusion: Maxillary prominence, as measured with the sella-nasion-point A angle and the condylion-point A and articulare-point A distances, was decreased. Shortened length and posterior position of the maxillary body were responsible at a ratio of 60% to 40% for a decreased prominence of the maxillary complex. The palatal plane demonstrated a larger inclination to the sella-nasion plane by 4.5° due to a decreased sella-posterior nasal spine distance.
Do Undocumented Students “Play by the Rules”?
Authors: Jefferies Julian 
Published: October 2008

Building from a public debate on questions of educational access for undocumented students, the author analyzes common frames and ideologies constructed and reproduced in the media. Access to literacy and the cultural capital of higher education for undocumented students, in the case of Massachusetts, is filtered through meritocratic ideologies that ultimately limit the debate and justify the segregation of new waves of immigrants.يحلّل المؤلف الإطارات الشائعة والعقائد تم تشكيلها وإعادة إنتاجها في وسائل الإعلام بناء على مناظرة عامة حول الأسئلة المطروحة بصدد وسيلة للطلاّب بلا وثائق لدخول التعليم. إذ وسيلة لمعرفة القراءة والكتابة والموارد الثقافية للتعليم العالي للطلاّب بلا وثائق في حالة ولاية ماساتشوستس ترشّح من خلال العقائد المبنية على حكم الأفضل التي في النهاية تقتصر النقاش وتبرّر التفرقة العنصرية للأمواج الجديدة من المهاجرين.根据一个就「无入境证明的学生的教育机会问题」的公开辩论的内容，本文作者分析常在传媒中被建构出来和传播开去的参照标准与意识形态。就马萨诸塞省而言，无入境证明的学生能够获得高等教育的读写技能与文化资本的机会，受到精英制度管理意识形态的过滤，这种意识形态最终限制了辩论的内容，并成为辩护隔离随着移民潮而来的新移民的理由。Se fondant sur le débat public relatif aux questions de l'accès à l'éducation des étudiants non informés, l'auteur analyse les bases communes et les idéologies construites et transmises par les médias. L'accès à la lecture‐écriture et au capital culturel de l'enseignement supérieur pour les étudiants non informés, dans le cas du Massachusetts, est filtré par les idéologies méritocratiques qui en dernier ressort limitent le débat et justifient la ségrégation de nouvelles vagues d'émigrants.На основе данных, полученных из общественных дебатов по вопросам доступа к образованию для учащихся, не имеющих вида на жительство, автор анализирует идеологемы и критерии, которыми оперируют в этой области средства массовой информации. Для учащихся без вида на жительство доступ к грамотности и культурному капиталу в виде высшего образования в таком штате как, например, Массачусетс во многом определяется идеологией меритократии, то есть для наиболее способных делается исключение, что – в конечном счете – сужает возможность полномасштабных дебатов и оправдывают сегрегацию новых волн иммигрантов.Usando como base un debate público sobre cuestiones de accesso a la educación por parte de estudiantes no documentados, el autor analiza marcos e ideologías comunes que han sido construidas y reproducidas por los medios. El acceso a la alfabetización y a la capital cultural de la educación universitaria para los estudiantes no documentados, en el caso de Massachusetts, es filtrado por ideologías meritocráticas que básicamente limitan el debate y justifican la segregación de nuevas oleadas de inmigrantes.
For the Love of Words: Fostering Word Consciousness in Young Readers
Authors: Graves Michael F. , Watts‐Taffe Susan 
Published: October 2008

Recent descriptions of comprehensive vocabulary programs identify fostering word consciousness (getting students really interested in and excited about words) as a crucial component of effective programs. This article defines word consciousness, explains why it is important and how it fits into the curriculum, describes a six‐part framework designed to act as a scaffold as teachers design word consciousness activities for their classrooms, and provides examples of each of these six types of word‐consciousness activities.تعيّن الأوصاف المؤخرة لبرامج مفردات شمولية تنمية وعي الكلمة (جعل الطلاّب مهتمين بالكلمات ومتحمسين لها) كمكوّن حاسم لبرامج فعّالة. وتعرّف هذه المقالة وعي الكلمة وتشرح سبب أهميته ومكانه المناسب في المنهاج الدراسي وتصف أيضاً إطاراً من ستة أجزاء مصمماً ليلعب دور السقالة بينما يصمّم الأساتذة أنشطة وعي الكلمة لصفوفهم وتقدّم أمثلة لكل أنواع أنشطة وعي الكلمة الستّ على حدة.在最近有关广泛词汇学习训练课程的描述中，培养语词意识（使学生真正对语词产生兴趣）被确认为高效能课程中不可或缺的学习部份。本文为语词意识作出定义，解释其重要性及如何使其纳入课程教学中。本文描述一个由六部份组成的框架以协助教师设计语词意识的课室教学活动，并为该框架内的每一部份提供语词意识教学活动实例，以供教师参考。Des descriptions récentes de programmes du vocabulaire général ont indiqué que le renforcement de la conscience du mot (conduire les élèves à s'intéresser vraiment et à être passionnés par les mots) est une composante cruciale des programmes efficaces. Cet article décrit la conscience du mot, explique pourquoi elle est importante et comment elle s'introduit dans les programmes, décrit un plan en six parties conçu pour aider les enseignants à planifier des activités de conscience du mot dans leur classe, et apporte des exemples de chacun de ces six types d'activités relatifs à la conscience du mot.В последнее время в описаниях комплексных программ по развитию словарного запаса основным мерилом их эффективности признается формирование взаимоотношений школьников со словом и пробуждение у них интереса к слову. В данной статье дается определение лексического сознания, аргументируется его важность и объясняется, как вписать его развитие в учебный план – через шестичастную базовую схему, созданную в помощь учителю для становления лексического сознания учащихся. Предложены примеры заданий для каждого из шести этапов работы со словом.Recientes descripciones de programas de vocabulario comprensivo identifican el promover la conciencia sobre la palabra (haciendo que los estudiantes sientan gran interés y entusiasmo por las palabras) como un componente crucial de un programa efectivo. Este artículo define lo que es tener conciencia de la palabra, explica por qué es importante y cómo encaja en el currículo, describe un marco de seis partes diseñado para actuar como una estructura base sobre la cual los maestros pueden diseñar actividades de conciencia de palabras para sus salones de clase, y provee ejemplos de cada uno de estos seis tipos de actividades sobre la conciencia de palabras.
The Unique Experience of Odoptu-more Field Development – A New Stage in Russian Offshore Projects
Authors: Kozin A. A. , Kuznetsov M. A. , Khamitov I. G , Igumnov V. I. , Mukminov I. R. , Azimov T. A. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The paper deals with the unique experience of Odoptu-more (Northern dome) field development by Rosneft. The field is located 5-7 km from the Shore of Sakhalin Island under the Sea of Okhotsk waters. Onshore extended-reach wells (ERW) with horizontal section are drilled in severe arctic conditions.
Similar ERD technology is used worldwide: in the North Sea (BP, Wytch Farm) [1], for example, on South China Sea shelf, at Tiera del Fuego coast (Total, Hidra field) [2]. The successful experience of extended-reach drilling (ERD) gained by Rosneft since 1998 was adopted in 2003 by Exxon Neftegaz Ltd. – Sakhalin-1 Project consortium operator – who revised his initial plans of using expensive fixed sleetproof offshore platform and started Chayvo field development applying onshore ERW [3].
The paper describes the results of geosteering of ERW with up to 800 m long horizontal section in 3-4 m layer at 1500 m TVDSS. Horizontal displacement of 6000 m is typical for this wells. ERD in such geological conditions is a very delicate job considering geological uncertainties related to structure dip angle variation and reservoir discontinuity. It is the first successful application of ERD on the Russian shelf.
Moreover, paper touches upon the optimal object development pattern reasoning. Main design solutions that helped to avoid a number of problems connected with subsurface geology and technological restrictions are described.
Improving Oil Recovery by Adding N2 in SAGD Process for Super-heavy Crude Reservoir with Top-Water
Authors: Gao Yongrong , Liu Shangqi , Shen Dehuang , Guo Erpeng , Bao Yu 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Guantao formation in Du84 block, Liaohe oilfield is a typical massive extra-heavy oil pool with top-water. The oil viscosity is 23.2×104mPa.s (@50℃) and the average formation thickness is 106m. Bitumen shell of 3-4m thick exists between the top-water layer and oil column. If bitumen is softened when heating in the steam injection recovery process, the top-water will flow down. Moreover, the field production showed that conventional steam stimulation recovery with vertical well is poor. Experiment and simulation results have shown that the injection of N2 as an additive can be effective in inhibiting the breakup of bitumen shell hence to prolong the life of SAGD. Also the recovery factor can be improved. After series of simulation, the injection of N2 and steam is optimized as follows: steam injection rate for single well: 100t/d, steam quality: higher than 70%, volume ratio of N2/Steam (Cold water Equivalent) at downhole conditions: 0.5, effective thickness of N2 layer: 10-15m. Under such operating conditions, the life of SAGD can be prolonged by 3-4 years and the recovery factor can be improved by 11.4%.
Use of Impregnated Bits with Turbine to Increase ROP in Hard / Abrasive Carboniferous Formation – Bolivia South HPHT Wells
Authors: Vasquez Ricardo 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Finding appropriate amounts and types of hydrocarbons and the proper and economic way to extract them to surface will be a formidable challenge over the next decades. The use of new technology & resources to brought economic life to oil fields will be a key too in the intent to recover hydrocarbons out.
In order to reach these objectives, different types of tools and operations that years ago were impossible to do have been planned and executed. Geological uncertainties and wells proposed to reach deeper targets on high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) environments give drilling engineers the challenge to work with new technologies in order to reach an economic way to do it.
The Huacaya structure comprises part of the Bolivian Sub Andean. The structure lies at north of Margarita structural trend, discovered in 1998 by the MGR-X1 well. Three additional wells, MGR-X2, MGR-X3 and MGR-4, had been drilled and completed during 1999, 2000 and 2004.
The HCY-X1 well is located 350 km south of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and 12.4 Km North of MGR-4, the closest well of Margarita Field. The target location is placed 750 m to the North of the Margarita Exploitation area boundary (Figures 1 & 2)
A detailed prognosis with formation tops and the casing program are described in Table 1 & 2.
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the difficulties to drill the Carboniferous formations (Taiguati, Tarija, Itacuami and Tupambi) in previous wells, the experienced obtained with the use of impregnated bits with turbine compared with traditional drilling systems and the results of the trial.
Torreele's water re-use facility enabled sustainable groundwater management in de Flemish dunes (Belgium)
Authors: Van Houtte Emmanuel , Verbauwhede ir. Johan 
Published: October 2008

In 2002 IWVA started reusing secondary wastewater effluent for groundwater recharge of the existing dune water catchment ‘St-André’. This integration enabled sustainable groundwater management as the natural groundwater extraction was reduced. Consequently groundwater levels increased and on the long term, risk of seawater intrusion no longer is a point of concern. The public response towards this project is generally positive.
The Torreele plant, where the infiltration water is produced, is built besides the wastewater treatment plant of Wulpen, which is managed by Aquafin. The treatment at Torreele combines ultrafiltration (UF), using the submerged ZeeWeed system, and reverse osmosis (RO), using brackish water low energy membranes.
UF has proved to be a reliable technique for effluent treatment and a good pretreatment before RO. The UF system proved sustainable thanks to the use of air and the combination of filtrate backwashes with periodic extended backwashes adding hypochlorite. The maintenance cleaning of the membranes could be limited to once every month.
Despite the use of UF filtrate as source for the RO treatment an additional bio-fouling prevention scheme is in place. By dosing hypochlorite and ammonium-chloride to the UF filtrate, monochloramines are formed. This proved effective in controlling bio-fouling : after 4 and a half years of operation the same membranes are still in place. Scaling of the RO membranes is prevented by combining pH adjustment and dosing of scale inhibitor. Chemical cleanings of the RO membranes are performed on average 5 times every year. This is done alternating alkaline and acid cleanings or alkaline and biocide cleanings. Up to now the normalized fluxes still recover to around the initial values after cleaning.
Since the start-up of the Torreele plant, many optimizations have been performed, resulting in lower energy and chemical consumption. The RO filtrate produced in Torreele is pumped to the dunes of St-André. Just a small pH correction is performed. The groundwater recharge has proved to be effective : the groundwater level in the dunes increased enhancing not only the quality of this groundwater but also the natural values. The hardness of the drinking-water substantially decreased resulting in a higher comfort for the customer.
Ionic liquid promoted synthesis of bis(indolyl) methanes
Authors: Sadaphal Sandip , Shelke Kiran , Sonar Swapnil , Shingare Murlidhar 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
1-benzyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydrogen sulphate [bnmim][HSO4] was found to be an effective catalyst for the condensation reaction of indoles and derivatives with benzaldehydes in microwave irradiation with lower reaction time and higher yields to give bis(indolyl) methanes.
Modification and characterization of montmorillonite fillers used in composites with vulcanized natural rubber
Authors: Hrachová Jana , Chodák Ivan , Komadel Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractParent Ca-montmorillonite (Jelšový Potok, Slovakia, Ca-JP) and Na-montmorillonite Kunipia-F (Japan, Na-KU) were ion-exchanged with octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA) cations. Characteristics of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermogravimetry (TG). Surface areas were measured by sorption of N2 and ethyleneglycol monoethyl ether. Scanning electron microscopy photographs (SEM) were used to characterize the texture of samples. The XRD patterns show that, upon intercalation, the basal spacing of montmorillonite is expanded and corresponds to the pseudotrimolecular arrangement of organic cations in the interlayers. The IR spectra of organically modified montmorillonite show C-H stretching and bending bands of both CH3 and CH2 groups in the 3000–2800 cm−1 and 1500–1400 cm−1 region, respectively. Modification of montmorillonite by organic cations decreased the hydrophilicity of their mineral surface and adsorbed water evaporated at lower temperatures. The SEM photographs reveal a tendency towards lump formation and agglomeration of the ODTMA-montmorillonite particles. The modification introducing organic moiety lead to a substantial decrease in the surface area of both montmorillonites; however, it remained remarkably high, being at the level typical for silica. Completely characterized fillers were used to prepare rubber compositions with enhanced physical properties, as described in Hrachová et al. (2008).
Mild and efficient conversion of trifluoromethylarenes into tribromomethylarenes using boron tribromide
Authors: Chen Hongbiao , Yin Jianxiang , Lin Yuanbin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTribromomethylarenes were prepared efficiently, at room temperature, from trifluoromethylarenes with boron tribromide as the brominating reagent. The present process is applicable to the preparation of various substituted benzotribromide derivatives from substituted benzotrifluoride compounds. p-Substituted benzotrifluoride compounds were found to be more reactive than o-substituted isomers under the given reaction conditions.
1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin as a useful reagent for efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Abdollahi-Alibeik Mohammad , Zaghaghi Zahra 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEfficient syntheses of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones and the corresponding thioxo derivatives using 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBH) catalysis of a one-pot three-component Biginelli reaction of aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and urea or thiourea under microwave irradiation are described. The advantages of this method are its short reaction times, high yields of the products, inexpensive and commercially available catalyst, and solvent-free conditions. Typical isolated yields exceed 70 % for arylaldehydes (9 examples) and aliphatic aldehydes (2 examples).
Reduction of silver nitrate by polyaniline nanotubes to produce silver-polyaniline composites
Authors: Stejskal Jaroslav , Trchová Miroslava , Brožová Libuše , Prokeš Jan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) nanotubes were prepared by oxidation of aniline in 0.4 M acetic acid. They were subsequently used as a reductant of silver nitrate in 1 M nitric acid, water or 1 M ammonium hydroxide at various molar ratios of silver nitrate to PANI. The resulting PANI-silver composites contained silver nanoparticles of 40–60 nm size along with macroscopic silver flakes. Under these experimental conditions, silver was always produced outside the PANI nanotubes. Changes in the molecular structure of PANI were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. Silver content in the composites was determined as a residue by thermogravimetric analysis, and confirmed by density measurements. The highest conductivity of a composite, 68.5 S cm−1, was obtained at the nitrate to PANI molar ratio of 0.67 in water. Also, the best reaction yield was obtained in water. Reductions performed in an acidic medium gave products with conductivity of 10−4–10−2 S cm−1, whereas the reaction in alkaline solution yielded non-conducting products.
A new xanthone from the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata
Authors: Kang Wen-Yi , Ji Zhi-Qiang , Wang Jin-Mei 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new xanthone, 3-hydroxy-1,2,5,8-tetramethoxyxanthone, along with three known ones, 1,3,8-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone, 1,3,8-trihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone and 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone, was isolated and identified from the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata.