bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stent Insertion for Inoperable Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Comparison Between Unilateral Radioactive Stent and Bilateral Normal Stent
Authors: Liu Yi-Ren , Cui Shi-Jun , Tong Zhu , Song Tao , Yuan Fu-Kang , Feng Jin-Ling 
Published: February 2024

Objective:To comparatively analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of unilateral radioactive stent (RS) insertion versus bilateral normal stent (NS) insertion in patients with inoperable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC).Patients and Methods:Patients with inoperable HC were treated in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2020. The treatment approach included the insertion of either unilateral RS or bilateral NS, evaluating the efficacy and safety of therapy in 2 distinct groups.Results:A total of 58 individuals experienced the insertion of a unilateral RS, whereas 57 patients underwent the insertion of bilateral NS. No statistically significant difference between the unilateral RS and bilateral NS groups was seen in the technical success rates (98.3% vs 94.7%,P= 0.598) and clinical success rates (98.2% vs 100%,P= 0.514). While there is no statistically significant difference in the rates of stent restenosis (19.3% vs 9.3%,P= 0.132) between the two groups, the unilateral RS group demonstrated substantially longer stent patency (202 vs 119 d,P= 0.016) and overall survival (229 vs 122 d,P= 0.004) compared with the bilateral NS group. Moreover, 8 patients (14.0%) in the unilateral RS group and 14 patients (25.9%) in the bilateral NS group had postoperative complications with no significant difference (P= 0.116).Conclusion:When inserting stents for inoperable HC, both unilateral RS and bilateral NS insertion procedures have demonstrated favorable therapeutic efficacy. Nevertheless, inserting a unilateral RS provided a longer duration of stent patency and overall survival than implantation of bilateral NS.
Effect of Specimen Extraction Site on Postoperative Incisional Hernia after Minimally Invasive Right Colectomy
Authors: Johnson Josh A , Mesiti Andrea , Herre Margo , Farzaneh Cyrus , Li Ying , Zambare Wini , Carmichael Joseph , Pigazzi Alessio , Jafari Mehraneh D 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Incisional hernia (IH) is a known complication after colorectal surgery. Despite advances in minimally invasive surgery, colorectal surgery still requires extraction sites for specimen retrieval, increasing the likelihood of postoperative IH development. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of specimen extraction site on the rate of IH after minimally invasive right-sided colectomy for patients with available imaging.

STUDY DESIGN:
This is a retrospective multi-institutional cohort study at 2 large academic medical centers in the US. Adults who underwent right-sided minimally invasive colectomy from 2012 to 2020 with abdominal imaging available at least 1 year postoperatively were included in the analysis. The primary exposure was specimen extraction via a midline specimen extraction vs Pfannenstiel specimen extraction. The main outcome was the development of IH at least 1 year postoperatively as visualized on a CT scan.

RESULTS:
Of the 341 patients sampled, 194 (57%) had midline specimen extraction and 147 (43%) had a Pfannenstiel specimen extraction. Midline extraction patients were older (66 ± 15 vs 58 ± 16; p < 0.001) and had a higher rate of previous abdominal operation (99, 51% vs 55, 37%, p = 0.01). The rate of IH was higher in midline extraction at 25% (48) compared with Pfannenstiel extraction (0, 0%; p < 0.001). The average length of stay was higher in the midline extraction group at 5.1 ± 2.5 compared with 3.4 ± 3.1 days in the Pfannenstiel extraction group (p < 0.001). Midline extraction was associated with IH development (odds ratio 24.6; 95% CI 1.89 to 319.44; p = 0.004). Extracorporeal anastomosis was associated with a higher IH rate (odds ratio 25.8; 95% CI 2.10 to 325.71; p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients who undergo Pfannenstiel specimen extraction have a lower risk of IH development compared with those who undergo midline specimen extraction.
Early enteral nutrition support for patients with acute pancreatitis in the inpatient setting: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Xie Jieying , Cai Yuhan , Xu Huiying , Peng Yang , McArthur Alexa 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Acute pancreatitis is a major disease that endangers the health and lives of people. Historically, clinical therapy has recommended. that patients with acute pancreatitis remain nil by mouth. As one of the therapies recommended in recent guidelines, early enteral nutrition support reduces the incidence of infectious complications and reduces the risk of severe conditions. However, early enteral nutrition support has not been optimally implemented within clinical practice for acute pancreatitis inpatients.Objectives:This evidence implementation project aimed to increase compliance with best practice recommendations for early enteral nutrition support, while standardizing the enteral nutrition support process and reducing the incidence of delayed enteral nutrition.Methods:The project was guided by the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework, which is grounded in the audit and feedback process, as well as a seven-stage structured approach to identifying and managing barriers to compliance with recommended practices.Results:In the baseline audit, compliance rates were low for all evidence-based audit criteria. Four of the eight criteria showed 0% compliance. However, after implementation, all eight criteria achieved a minimum compliance rate of 60%, with Site 2 achieving 90% to 100% compliance. In addition, nurses improved their knowledge and skills in early enteral nutrition support. The incidence of delayed enteral nutrition also fell from 86.2% to 20.7% at both study sites. The implementation strategy included a training program, psychological interventions, and financial and human resource support.Conclusion:This project not only significantly improved early enteral nutrition support for acute pancreatitis patients, but also increased nurses’ knowledge and practice skills, standardized the process of enteral nutrition support, and reduced the incidence of delayed enteral nutrition.Spanish abstract:http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A177
Urbanization, self-harm, and suicidal ideation in left-behind children and adolescents in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Kelly , Ramos Sandra , Sun Jing 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Economic development and urbanisation have prompted many Chinese parents to move from rural to urban regions for better job opportunities. Their children, who remain behind in rural regions, become left-behind children (LBC). With absent parents, children and adolescents are unable to maintain the secure attachment required for healthy social and emotional development, increasing the risk of mental illness. This study aimed to compare risk of self-harm and suicidal ideation in LBC and non-LBC in China.

Recent findings
Greater risks for poor mental health outcomes including worse depression, loneliness and anxiety have been identified in LBC in cross-sectional studies. Previous studies have also identified higher prevalence of bullying victimization, poorer school performance and worse school attendance amongst LBC.

Summary
Findings indicate that prolonged separation from parents put LBC at greater risks of poor mental health. Policy changes to allow children to migrate with their parents and policies to reduce inequalities in job opportunities between urban and rural regions are needed.
Graph Attention Networks for Drug Combination Discovery: Targeting Pancreatic Cancer Genes with RAIN Protocol
Authors: Parichehreh Elham , Kiaei Ali A. , Boush Mahnaz , Safaei Danial , Bahadori Reza , Salari Nader , Mohammadi Masoud , Khorram Alireza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMalignant neoplasm of the pancreas (MNP), a highly lethal illness with bleak outlook and few therapeutic avenues, entails numerous cellular transformations. These include irregular proliferation of ductal cells, activation of stellate cells, initiation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and changes in cell shape, movement, and attachment. Discovering potent drug cocktails capable of addressing the genetic and protein factors underlying pancreatic cancer’s development is formidable due to the disease’s intricate and varied nature.MethodIn this study, we introduce a fresh model utilizing Graph Attention Networks (GATs) to pinpoint potential drug pairings with synergistic effects for MNP, following the RAIN protocol. This protocol comprises three primary stages: Initially, employing Graph Neural Network (GNN) to suggest drug combinations for disease management by acquiring embedding vectors of drugs and proteins from a diverse knowledge graph encompassing various biomedical data types, such as drug-protein interactions, gene expression, and drug-target interactions. Subsequently, leveraging natural language processing to gather pertinent articles from clinical trials incorporating the previously recommended drugs. Finally, conducting network meta-analysis to assess the relative effectiveness of these drug combinations.ResultWe implemented our approach on a network dataset featuring drugs and genes as nodes, connected by edges representing their respective p-values. Our GAT model identified Gemcitabine, Pancrelipase Amylase, and Octreotide as the optimal drug combination for targeting the human genes/proteins associated with this cancer. Subsequent scrutiny of clinical trials and literature confirmed the validity of our findings. Additionally, network meta-analysis confirmed the efficacy of these medications concerning the pertinent genes.ConclusionBy employing GAT within the RAIN protocol, our approach represents a novel and efficient method for recommending prominent drug combinations to target proteins/genes associated with pancreatic cancer. This technique has the potential to aid healthcare professionals and researchers in identifying optimal treatments for patients while also unveiling underlying disease mechanisms.HighlightsGraph Attention Networks (GATs) used to recommend drug combinations for pancreatic cancerRAIN protocol applied to extract relevant information from clinical trials and literatureGemcitabine, Pancrelipase Amylase, and Octreotide identified as optimal drug combinationNetwork meta-analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the drug combination on gene targetsNovel and efficient method for drug discovery and disease mechanism elucidationAbstract Figure
The Rise of Open Data Practices Among Bioscientists at the University of Edinburgh
Authors: Deeb Haya , Creasey Suzanna , de Ugarte Diego Lucini , Strevens George , Usman Trisha , Wong Hwee Yun , Kutzer Megan A. M. , Wilson Emma , Zieliński Tomasz , Millar Andrew J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOpen science promotes the accessibility of scientific research and data, emphasising transparency, reproducibility, and collaboration. This study assesses the openness and FAIRness (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) of data-sharing practices within the biosciences at the University of Edinburgh from 2014 to 2023. We analysed 555 research papers across biotechnology, regenerative medicine, infectious diseases, and non-communicable diseases. Our scoring system evaluated data completeness, reusability, accessibility, and licensing, finding a progressive shift towards better data-sharing practices. The fraction of publications that share all relevant data increased significantly, from 7% in 2014 to 45% in 2023. Data involving genomic sequences were shared more frequently than image data or data on human subjects or samples. The presence of data availability statement (DAS) or preprint sharing correlated with more and better data sharing, particularly in terms of completeness. We discuss local and systemic factors underlying the current and future Open data sharing. Evaluating the automated ODDPub (Open Data Detection in Publications) tool on this manually-scored dataset demonstrated high specificity in identifying cases where no data was shared. ODDPub sensitivity improved with better documentation in the DAS. This positive trend highlights improvements in data-sharing, advocating for continued advances and addressing challenges with data types and documentation.
Fair molecular feature selection unveils universally tumor lineage-informative methylation sites in colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Xuan Cindy , Liu Yuelin , Schäffer Alejandro A. , Mount Stephen M. , Sahinalp S. Cenk 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the era of precision medicine, performing comparative analysis over diverse patient populations is a fundamental step towards tailoring healthcare interventions. However, the critical aspect of equitably selecting molecular features across multiple patients is often overlooked. To address this challenge, we introduceFALAFL(FAir muLti-sAmple Feature seLection), an algorithmic approach based on combinatorial optimization.FALAFLis designed to bridge the gap between molecular feature selection and algorithmic fairness, ensuring a fair selection of molecular features from all patient samples in a cohort.We have appliedFALAFLto the problem of selecting lineage-informative CpG sites within a cohort of colorectal cancer patients subjected to low read coverage single-cell methylation sequencing. Our results demonstrate thatFALAFLcan rapidly and robustly determine the optimal set of CpG sites, which are each well covered by cells across the vast majority of the patients, while ensuring that in each patient a high proportion of these sites have good read coverage. An analysis of theFALAFL-selected sites reveals that their tumor lineage-informativeness exhibits a strong correlation across a spectrum of diverse patient profiles. Furthermore, these universally lineage-informative sites are highly enriched in the inter CpG island regions.FALAFLintegrates equity considerations into the molecular feature selection from single-cell sequencing data obtained from a patient cohort. We hope that it will help propel equitable healthcare data science practices and contribute to the advancement of our understanding of complex diseases.
A biomimetic fruit fly robot for studying the neuromechanics of legged locomotion
Authors: Goldsmith Clarus A. , Haustein Moritz , Büschges Ansgar , Szczecinski Nicholas S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor decades, the field of biologically inspired robotics has leveraged insights from animal locomotion to improve the walking ability of legged robots. Recently, “biomimetic” robots have been developed to model how specific animals walk. By prioritizing biological accuracy to the target organism rather than the application of general principles from biology, these robots can be used to develop detailed biological hypotheses for animal experiments, ultimately improving our understanding of the biological control of legs while improving technical solutions. In this work, we report the development and validation of the robot Drosophibot II, a meso-scale robotic model of an adult fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster. This robot is novel for its close attention to the kinematics and dynamics ofDrosophila, an increasingly important model of legged locomotion. Each leg’s proportions and degrees of freedom have been modeled afterDrosophila3D pose estimation data. We developed a program to automatically solve the inverse kinematics necessary for walking and solve the inverse dynamics necessary for mechatronic design. By applying this solver to a fly-scale body structure, we demonstrate that the robot’s dynamics fits those modeled for the fly. We validate the robot’s ability to walk forward and backward via open-loop straight line walking with biologically inspired foot trajectories. This robot will be used to test biologically inspired walking controllers informed by the morphology and dynamics of the insect nervous system, which will increase our understanding of how the nervous system controls legged locomotion.
Exploring Directed Connectivity Patterns of OPM-MEG with Multivariate Transfer Entropy
Authors: Pedersen Mangor , Vashista Geet , Henare Dion , Sowman Paul F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe explored the directed connectivity of magnetoencephalography data recorded via Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPM-MEG). Ten healthy adult participants were scanned twice while watching a movie in an OPM-MEG system. Beamformer source localisation was employed to obtain source time series within 62 cortical brain regions. Multivariate transfer entropy (mTE) was used to quantify directed connectivity. Our results suggest that out-degree connectivity (node-to-network) was stronger than in-degree (network-to-node). Out-degree display a more heavy-tailed distribution, indicative of brain hubs, whereas in-degree nodes had a distribution closer to a normal distribution. Although in-degree and out-degree nodes were positively correlated, we observed that out-degree connectivity was stronger in somatomotor and attention networks than in other resting-state networks. However, in- and out-degree were both inversely related to the physical distance between nodes, suggesting that directed connectivity is stronger between short-distanced nodes. As OPM-MEG research is likely to expand substantially in the future, we propose that directed connectivity measures may provide additional insights into the underlying mechanisms of brain communication.
MRI mapping of hemodynamics in the human spinal cord
Authors: Hemmerling Kimberly J. , Hoggarth Mark A. , Sandhu Milap S. , Parrish Todd B. , Bright Molly G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImpaired spinal cord vascular function contributes to numerous neurological pathologies, making it important to be able to noninvasively characterize these changes. Here, we propose a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based method to map spinal cord vascular reactivity (SCVR). We used a hypercapnic breath-holding task, monitored with end-tidal CO2(PETCO2), to evoke a systemic vasodilatory response during concurrent blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI. SCVR amplitude and hemodynamic delay were mapped at the group level in 27 healthy participants as proof-of-concept of the approach, and then in two highly-sampled participants to probe feasibility/stability of individual SCVR mapping. Across the group and the highly-sampled individuals, a strong ventral SCVR amplitude was initially observed without accounting for local regional variation in the timing of the vasodilatory response. Shifted breathing traces (PETCO2) were used to account for temporal differences in the vasodilatory response across the spinal cord, producing maps of SCVR delay. These delay maps reveal an earlier ventral and later dorsal response and demonstrate distinct gray matter regions concordant with territories of arterial supply. The SCVR fMRI methods described here enable robust mapping of spatiotemporal hemodynamic properties of the human spinal cord. This noninvasive approach has exciting potential to provide early insight into pathology-driven vascular changes in the cord, which may precede and predict future irreversible tissue damage and guide the treatment of several neurological pathologies involving the spine.
Friend, food, or foe: sea anemones discharge fewer nematocysts at familiar anemonefish after delayed mucus adaptation
Authors: Hoepner Cassie M. , Fobert Emily K. , Rudd David , Petersen Oliver , Abbott Catherine A. , da Silva Karen Burke 
Published: February 2024

1.AbstractFor decades, it has been hypothesized that anemonefishes are able to live within the stinging tentacles of host sea anemone species because the chemical composition of their mucus layer inhibits or lacks the trigger for firing host nematocysts. However, there is very little molecular evidence for this, beyond suggestions that glycans in the mucus could be key. In this study we assessed these hypotheses by testing Bubble-tip anemone (Entacmaea quadricolor) nematocysts in response to three different mucus sources, before and after anemonefish association. We also profiled the corresponding mucus lipid and glycan composition of anemonefish. Host sea anemones significantly reduced nematocyst firing at acclimated anemonefish mucus compared to mucus from unacclimated individuals. Changes in anemonefish mucus glycan composition became distinguishable three weeks after introduction relative to an anemonefish that was not living in association of a host sea anemone. The glycan composition reverted back to a pre-acclimated composition when profiled 24 hours after anemonefish removal from a host sea anemone. Triggering fewer nematocysts through glycan profile alterations may be an important adaptation that has enabled anemonefish to live long-term in a sea anemone host. However, the delay in mucus response indicates it is not the initial mechanism used by anemonefish to enter a host sea anemone without being stung.
Changes in cognition and neuroinflammation in a rodent model of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment are variable both acutely and chronically
Authors: Haller Olivia J. , Semendric Ines , Collins-Praino Lyndsey E. , Whittaker Alexandra L. , George Rebecca P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) affects up to 75% of cancer survivors between 6-months and 20-years post-treatment. Impairments include memory loss, learning difficulties, inability to concentrate and a decrease in processing speed, all of which can negatively impact quality of life. Several mechanisms are proposed to drive these impairments, with evidence implicating neuroinflammation as a key contributor. However, the time course over which impairments occur is less well-established. Several preclinical studies have focused on acute (0-7 days) and sub-acute (8-days to 12-weeks) time-points following chemotherapy, but few have investigated more longer-term time-points. This study therefore aimed to understand the evolution of cognitive changes following methotrexate (MTX) or 5-flurouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy treatment, assessing three time-points: acute (96-hour), sub-acute (31-days) and chronic (93-days). Further, we investigated whether alterations in cognition were associated with concomitant changes in neuroinflammation, assessed via astrocytic reactivity. Female Sprague Dawley rats received two intraperitoneal injections of MTX, 5-FU or saline and were assessed on the novel object recognition, 5-choice serial reaction time task and Barnes maze. Hippocampal (HIPP) and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) tissue was examined for GFAP expression. Results indicate that both MTX and 5-FU exposure were associated with impairments in spatial memory, task acquisition, and processing speed at 31-days, with impairment ameliorated by 93-days post-treatment. While MTX and 5-FU increased GFAP expression across all time-points, with the largest changes at 96-hours and 31-days, drug-specific and region-specific variations were noted. These results provide valuable insight into the complexity of the neuroinflammatory response in CICI. While neuroinflammation may be a promising therapeutic target, further work is required to fully understand this response, including which aspects to target and at what time-points, to ensure optimal outcomes for cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.