bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and hydrolysis of substituted tetrahydropyrimidinium salts. Behaviour of the degradation products on varying pH
Authors: Reverdito Ana M. , Orelli Liliana , Dalmaso Mónica , Perillo Isabel , Fernández Beatriz M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReaction of 1,2‐diaryl‐3‐methyl‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidinium iodides 1a‐i with alkaline solutions afforded N‐aroyl‐N‐aryl‐N'‐methyltrimethylenediamines 2a‐i. Compounds 2 are stable under acid conditions but in neutral or alkaline media spontaneously rearrange giving N‐aroyl‐N'‐aryl‐N‐methyltrimethylenediamines 3a‐i. Treating compounds 3 with concentrated acids reverse reaction takes place.Kinetic studies were performed on this intramolecular N → N' aroyl transfer over the Ho‐pH range ‐0.9 to 2.30. Compounds 3 undergo acyl transfer to give 2 by a mechanism which involves a change in the rate determining step from formation to acid‐catalysed decomposition of a six‐membered heterocyclic intermediate on going from Ho to pH values. The existence of maxima in the pH rate profile allow to determine apparent pKa values of the hexahydropyrimidine intermediates which gave good correlation with the Swain F substituent constants. Stability of these heterocycles was also predicted by determination of thermodinamic parameters. Comparisons are made with the behaviour of five‐membered heterocyclic intermediates (imidazolidine derivatives) which were studied in an earlier paper.
An improved synthesis of anticancer benzothiopyranoindazoles. An efficient large‐scale β‐aminoethylation procedure
Authors: Beylin Vladimir G. , Colbry Norman L. , Giordani Anne B. , Goel Om P. , Johnson Donald R. , Leeds Robert L. , Leja Boguslawa , Lewis Edward P. , Lustgarten David M. , Showalter H. D. Hollis , Sercel Anthony D. , Reily Michael D. , Uhlendorf Susan E. , Zisek Katherine A. , Mcdonnell Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractImproved processes for the synthesis of bulk quantities of the benzothiopyranoindazole clinical agent CI‐958 and A‐ring congeners is reported. The process chosen for scale‐up operations achieves β‐aminoethylation of an anilino precursor via a three‐step sequence (acylation, reduction, deprotection) starting from N‐(trityl)glycine. Detailed analytical data are reported for the target compounds and most intermediates, and detailed spectroscopy is given for CI‐958.
A new approach to the synthesis of substituted 2(1H)‐quinolinones
Authors: Theodoridis George , Malamas Patricia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new synthetic approach for the preparation of substituted 2(1H)‐quinolinones 5 from readily available anilines has been developed. The four step procedure resulted in the synthesis of a variety of substituted 2(1H)‐quinolinones in good yields and under mild reaction conditions.
Synthesis of analogs of amrinone: 4‐(3,4‐Disubstitutedphenyl)pyridines and derivatives thereof
Authors: Singh Baldev , Lesher George Y. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract4‐(3,4‐Dimethoxyphenyl)pyridine (5c) prepared by the coupling of 3,4‐dimethoxyphenyldiazonium chloride with pyridine was converted to 4‐(4‐pyridinyl)benzene‐1,2‐diol (6c) by treating with hydrobromic acid. Diazotization of 4‐(4‐pyridinyl)benzeneamine (7) and 3‐(4‐pyridinyl)benzeneamine (12) gave the corresponding phenols 8 and 13 which were nitrated to give 2‐nitro‐4‐(4‐pyridinyl)phenol (9) and 2‐nitro‐5‐(4‐pyridinyl)‐phenol (14), respectively. Reduction of these nitrophenols gave the corresponding aminophenols 10 and 16 which in turn were reacted with N,N'‐carbonyldiimidazole to yield benzoxazolones 11 and 17, respectively. Catalytic reduction of 2‐nitro‐4‐(4‐pyridinyl)benzeneamine (18) gave 4‐(4‐pyridinyl)benzene‐1,2‐diamine (19) which was reacted with orthoesters, urea, tetraethoxymethane, and N,N'‐di(carbomethoxy)methylpseudothiourea to give the corresponding benzimidazole derivatives 20, 21, 22, and 23.
Fused s‐triazino heterocycles. XVII. 8,13‐Dihydro‐1,3,7,8,13c‐pentaazabenzo[de]naphthacene, 7H‐1,3,7,8,11b,12,14‐heptaazadibenzo[de,hi]naphthacene and 8H‐1,3,7,8,13,14c‐hexaazabenzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2‐a]phenalene, three new ring systems
Authors: Shaw John T. , Corbett Wendy L. , Cuny Gregory D. , Egler Mallory F. , Peciulis Victoria S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 7,9‐dibromo‐5‐tribromornethyl‐2‐t‐butyl‐4‐cyano‐1,3,6,9b‐tetraazaphenalene (1a) with p‐toluidine is shown to give 4,6‐dibromo‐2‐t‐butyl‐8,13‐dihydro‐13‐imino‐11‐methyl‐1,3,7,8,13c‐pentaazabenzo[de]naphthacene (4) in two steps with 7,9 dibromo‐2‐t‐butyl‐4‐cyano‐5‐p‐toluidino‐1,3,6,9b‐tetraazaphenalene (2b) as the intermediate product. A related annulation reaction of 1a with N‐(5‐amino‐2,4‐dimethylphenyl)trimethylacetamide (8) leads in two steps to 9,11‐dibromo‐2,13‐di‐t‐butyl‐4,6‐dimethyl‐7H‐1,3,7,8,11b,12,14‐heptaazadibenzo[de,hi]naphthacene (6) with 7,9‐dibromo‐2‐t‐butyl‐4‐cyano‐5N‐(2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐trimethylacetamidophenyl)amino‐1,3,6,9b‐tetraazaphenalene (2d) as the intermediate product. In a similar fashion the reaction of 1a with o‐phenylenediamine forms 14‐amino‐4,6‐dibromo‐2‐t‐butyl‐8H‐1,3,7,8,13,14c‐hexaazobenzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2‐a]‐phenalene (12) by way of the intermediate 5‐N‐(2‐aminophenyl)amino‐7,9‐dibromo‐2‐t‐butyl‐4‐cyano‐1,3,6,9b‐tetraazaphenalene (2e). The preparation of N‐(2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐nitrophenyl)‐trimethylacetamide (11) and its reduction to N‐(5‐amino‐2,4‐dimethylphenyl)trimethylacetamide (8) is also described.
A novel approach to the pyrido[4,3‐c]pyridazine ring. Synthesis of pyrido[4,3‐c]pyridazin‐5(6H)‐one from 3,4‐disubstituted pyridazines
Authors: Vors Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of new pyrido[4,3‐c]pyridazin‐5(6H)‐one from ethyl 3‐methyl‐4‐pyridazinecarboxylate using an enamination/ring closure sequence is described. The starting material is easily available from a hetero Diels‐Alder reaction between a 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐diene and ethyl vinyl ether and oxidation of the resulting 1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridazine.
Competitive free radical 4‐nitrophenylation of pyridine and thiophene
Authors: Klemm L. H. , Dorsey James 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCompetitive free radical 4‐nitrophenylation of pyridine and thiophene shows a relative reactivity of thiophene:pyridine of 1.3:1 as based on product isolation. A three‐center reaction is proposed to account for the predominance of alpha substitution in each system. Column chromatography and 1H nmr are used for separation and identification of products.
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 2‐dialkylamino‐alkyl‐1,3‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline‐1,3‐diones and 6‐(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)‐1H‐dibenz[c,e]azepine‐5,7‐dione
Authors: Ganjian I. , Khorshidi M. , Lalezari I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe title compounds were synthesized. Cyclodehydration of aromatic 1,2‐dicarboxylic acids, in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, to the corresponding N‐substituted imides is discussed. Compounds 8 and 10 were tested in vitro against K562 and HL‐60 cell lines. Compound 10 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity.
Synthesis and stereochemistry of stereoisomeric 1,3‐benzoxazino‐1,3‐ and ‐3,1‐benzoxazines
Authors: Lázár László , Fülöp Ferenc , Bernáth Gábor , Kálmán Alajos , Argay Gyula 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPartly saturated 3,1‐benzoxazino[1,2‐c][1,3]benzoxazines and 1,3‐benzoxazino[3,2‐c][1,3]benzoxazines were prepared in one‐pot syntheses from different cyclic 1,3‐aminoalcohols by treatment with salicylaldehyde or 5‐bromosalicylaldehyde, followed by formaldehyde. The structures of tetracycles 3a and 5 were determined by means of X‐ray diffraction.
Benzofurans. Improved syntheses of bufuralol, 7‐ethyl‐2‐(2‐tert‐butylamino‐1‐hydroxyethyl)benzofuran, and 1″‐oxobufuralol, 7‐acetyl‐2‐(2‐tert‐butylamino‐1‐hydroxyethyl)benzofuran
Authors: Weerawarna S. Ananda , Guha‐Biswas Michael , Nelson Wendel L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn improved laboratory scale synthesis of bufuralol (1) and 1″‐oxobufuralol (4) was accomplished. The intermediate benzofurans were prepared via aromatization of 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans or by a one‐step acidcatalyzed cyclization from 2,2‐diethoxyethyl 4‐bromo‐6‐ethyl‐2‐formylphenyl ether (23). Base‐catalyzed cyclization of 3‐(5‐bromo‐3‐ethyl‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1.2‐epoxypropane (16) provided the key intermediate, 5‐bromo‐7‐ethyl‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran (17). Selective functionalization of the C‐2 and C‐7 positions of the benzofuran ring system was accomplished to afford both 1 and 4.
Reaction of lumichrome or 2‐thiolumichrome with alkylamines
Authors: Ueda Taisei , Asahi Masumi , Nagai Shin‐Ichi , Sakakibara Jinsaku 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of lumichrome (2) with alkyl (or allyl)amines such as n‐butylamine, n‐hexylamine and allylamine gave 2,3‐disubstituted 6,7‐dimethylquinoxalines 4a‐d, 5a‐d, 6a‐d, 7a‐d and 8a‐d. Similar reaction of 2‐thiolumichrome (3) with alkyl (or allyl)amines gave 2,3‐disubstituted 6,7‐dimethylquinoxalines 6a‐c, 9a‐c and 10a‐c, 2‐alkyl (or allyl)amino‐6,7‐dimethyl‐3,4‐dihydrobenzo[g]pteridine‐4‐ones 11a‐c and 2,4‐dialkyl (or allyl)amino‐6,7‐dimethylbenzo[g]pteridines 12a‐c.
Substituent effects in the conversion of azido‐ and diazidotrinitrobenzenes to benzofuroxans and difuroxans
Authors: Chaykovsky Michael , Adolph Horst G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe preparation of a number of substituted dinitrobenzofurazan oxides (dinitrobenzofuroxans) and nitrobenzobis(oxadiozoles) (nitrobenzodifuroxans), in which the substituents were amino, fluoro, formamido, hydroxy, and ureido groups, by thermolysis of azido precursors is described. The ease of thermolysis appears to be an inverse function of the angle of twist of the nitro groups ortho to the azido group from the plane of the benzene ring. Amino‐ and hydroxy‐substituted dinitrobenzofuroxans and nitrobenzodifuroxans were found to be much more stable than their non‐nitro‐substituted counterparts.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XL. Reactions of 7‐acetyl‐4‐(1‐carboethoxy‐1‐cyano)methylene‐4,7‐dihydrothieno‐[2,3‐b]pyridine. Part 3: Kinetics of hydrolysis
Authors: Klemm L. H. , Lu Jennifer J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe kinetics of hydrolysis of 7‐acetyl‐4‐(1‐carboethoxy‐1‐cyano)methylene‐4,7‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐b]pyridine (1) in undried DMSO‐d6 to give ethyl 2‐(4‐thieno[2,3‐b]pyridyl)cyanoacetate and acetic acid at ambient temperature was investigated by 1H nmr spectrometry. The reaction is pseudo first order in the concentration of 1 with a rate constant of 9 × 10−4 per minute, not noticeably altered by the addition of deuteriotrifluoroacetic acid. The hydrolysis is, however, catalyzed by means of added pyridine‐d5 (k = 37 × 10−4 per minute). The pyridine is presumed to serve as a transfer agent for the acetylium ion as in acetylations with acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride.
Synthesis and biological activities of substituted dihydrobenzo[h]‐pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolines as tetracyclic 5‐deaza nonclassical folates
Authors: Donkor Isaac O. , Gangjee Aleem , Kisliuk R. L. , Gaumont Y. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNovel tetracyclic compounds 1–4 have been synthesized via a regiospecific cyclocondensation reaction between substituted 6‐aminopyrimidines 5–7 and chlorovinyl aldehydes 13 and 14. The linear structures of these compounds were established by 1H nmr and 13C nmr spectral data and also by synthesis of the compounds via an unambiguous route. The growth of Manca human lymphoma cells was inhibited 50% by 1 and 4 at 4.5 × 10−6 M and 1.2 × 10−6 M respectively. These compounds also inhibited human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)by 50% at 4.4 × 10−6 M and 1.4 × 10−6 irrespectively and L. casei DHFR at 1.9 × 10−5 M and 1.1 × 10−5 M respectively. Compound 16, a positional isomer of 1, was the most potent of the compounds studied, it inhibited the growth of Manca human lymphoma cells by 50% at 9 × 10−8 M. The IC50 values of 16 for the inhibition of human DHFR and L. casei DHFR were 8 × 10−8 M and 1.9 × 10−5 M respectively.
Heterocyclic tautomerism. V. 2‐Guanidinobenzimidazole
Authors: Steel Peter J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis of 2‐guanidinobenzimidazole shows the molecule exists in the solid state as tautomer 1, with an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the benzimidazole‐N3 and a guanidino‐NH2. The guanidino group is inclined at an angle of 13.8° to the benzimidazole plane. Other nitrogen atoms and their attached hydrogens are involved in additional intermolecular hydrogen bonds that connect the molecules in a complex three‐dimensional network.
Synthesis of 5,6,8,9,14,14a‐hexahydroisoquino[1,2‐b][3]benzazepines
Authors: Kim Dong H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSyntheses of 5,6,8,9,14,14a‐hexahydroisoquino[1,2‐b][3]benzazepine‐2,3,11,12‐tetrol and related compounds are described. Key steps involve an initial construction of the isoquinoline ring under the Bischler‐Napieralski conditions, which is followed by the building of the azepine ring via an intramolecular lactam formation on to the isoquinoline nucleus.
Synthesis of condensed quinoxalines. Part II
Authors: Sabnis R. W. , Rangnekar D. W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA novel efficient synthesis of fluorescent, fused quinoxalines was achieved. 7‐Triazolyl‐1,4‐dioxino[2,3‐b]‐quinoxalines were synthesized by the diazotisation of 7‐amino‐1,4‐dioxino[2,3‐b]quinoxaline and coupling with selected aromatic amines followed by air oxidation. Diazotised aryl amines were coupled with 7‐amino‐1,4‐dioxino[2,3‐b]quinoxalines followed by subsequent air oxidation afforded 1,4‐dioxino[2,3‐b]quinoxalino‐[6,5‐d]1,2,3‐triazoles. 7‐Amino‐1,4‐dioxino[2,3‐b]quinoxaline was condensed with conjugated enol ethers followed by cyclization in dowtherm resulted in 1,4‐dioxino[2,3‐b]quinoxalino[6,5‐b]pyridines.
The effect of fused heterocycles on the liquid crystalline properties of di(alkoxy‐substituted‐phenyl)pyridazines and di(alkoxy‐substituted‐phenyl)pyridines
Authors: Mataka Shuntaro , Misumi Osamu , Lin Wei Hua , Tashiro Masashi , Takahashi Kazufumi , Tori‐I Akiyoshi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDi(alkoxy‐substituted‐phenyl)pyridines and di(alkoxy‐substituted‐phenyl)pyridazines annelated with heterocycles such as imidazole, triazole, pyrazine, and 1,2,5‐oxa(thia)diazole were prepared and the effect of the fused heterocycles on the liquid crystalline properties were investigated.
Synthesis of soluble quinacridones
Authors: Kitahara Kiyoshi , Yanagimoto Hiromitsu , Nakajima Namiko , Nishi Hisao 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 4,11‐dialkylthioquinacridones and 5,12‐dialkyl‐4,11‐dialkylthioquinacridone from o‐alkylthioanilines and diethyl 2,5‐dioxo‐1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate is described. These compounds are easily soluble in organic solvents in contrast to unsubstituted quinacridone.
A Convenient and efficient method for the preparation of 6‐Acyl‐2(3H)‐benzoxazolones
Authors: Aichaoui Hocine , Lesieur Daniel , Hénichart Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBenzoxazolinone derivatives have been found to exhibit various pharmacological properties and 6‐acyl‐2(3H)‐benzoxazolones are considered as key starting materials for the preparation of these compounds. Reported here are the optimal conditions for a regioselective acylation at the 6‐position of the benzoxazolinone ring. A general method leading to the expected products in excellent yields consists in using a mixture of aluminum chloride‐dimethylformamide as catalyst and acid anhydrides or chlorides as acylating agents.
Peri‐selective photocycloadditions of methyl 2‐pyrone‐5‐carboxylate with unsaturated cyclic ethers
Authors: Shimo Tetsuro , Iwakiri Tsuneaki , Somekawa Kenichi , Suishu Takaaki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPhotosensitized cycloaddition reaction of methyl 2‐pyrone‐5‐carboxylate (1) with 2,3‐dihydrofuran gave cis‐ exo‐ and cis‐endo‐[2 + 2] cycloadducts across the C3‐C4 double bond in 1, and a [4 + 2] cycloadduct which was different in addition‐orientation from the Diels‐Alder adducts. Each [2 + 2] cycloadduct was obtained by the use of sensitizers having different triplet energies. Photosensitized reactions of 1 with 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrans afforded cis‐endo‐[2 + 2] cycloadducts, respectively. The photocycloaddition mechanism was also explained from the excited state of 1 calculated by means of MNDO‐Cl method.
Products formed by the reaction of o‐diacylbenzenes with primary amines
Authors: Nan'Ya Seiko , Kitahara Takeo , Butsugan Yasuo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reactions of o‐diacylbenzenes with primary amines or ammonia produced several isoindole derivatives in the presence or the absence of acid. From o‐diacylbenzenes and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of triethylamine 1H‐2,3‐benzoxazine derivatives were obtained.
Total assignment of the proton and carbon NMR spectra of 5′‐NOR‐anhydrovinblastine
Authors: Spitzer Timothy D. , Crouch Ronald C. , Martin Gary E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTotal spectral assignment of the bis‐indole alkaloid Navelbine®, 5′‐nor‐anhydrovinbIastine, was accomplished using a combination of two‐dimensional nmr techniques. Conventional homonuclear and inverse‐detected experiments were supplemented with the HMQC‐TOCSY experiment to unequivocally assign carbons directly bound to overlapped protons. In addition, the recently introduced GEM‐COSY experiment was evaluated as a technique for the identification of geminal methylene pairs. Partial assignments proposed by Potier and co‐workers, based on chemical shift considerations, are largely in agreement with the unequivocal assignments determined in this study.
Benzofuran derivatives. Part 4, synthesis of benzofurans and 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1‐benzoxepin‐3,5‐diones
Authors: Suzuki Tsuneo , Tanemura Kiyoshi , Horaguchi Takaaki , Shimizu Takahachi , Sakakibara Tohru 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBy treatment of ethyl 4‐ or 5‐substituted 2‐acetylphenoxyacetates 1 with potassium hydroxide in dry dioxane, benzofurans 2–7 and 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1‐benzoxepin‐3,5‐diones 8 were obtained. The relative yields of benzofurans 2–7 and 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1‐benzoxepin‐3,5‐diones 8 varied with the types of 4‐ or 5‐substituents. The electron‐donating 4‐methoxyl group favored the formation of benzoxepins. On the other hand, electron‐withdrawing substituents such as the 4‐nitro group favored the formation of benzofurans. When esters 1 were treated with sodium amide, 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans 2 were obtained exclusively regardless of 4‐ or 5‐substituents.
Synthesis of optically active 2‐benzyldihydrobenzopyrans for the hypoglycemic agent englitazone
Authors: Urban Frank J. , Moore Bernard S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo syntheses of some optically active 2‐benzyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐benzopyrans and benzopyran‐4‐ones are presented. An asymmetric synthesis starting from D‐ and L‐phenylalanine was used to provide both enantiomers of 2‐benzyl‐6‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐benzopyran‐4‐one 19. Phenylalanine was diazotized in aqueous sulfuric acid to 2‐hydroxy‐3‐phenylpropionic acid 6 which was converted in four steps to 1‐bromo‐2‐(4‐methoxycarbonylphenoxy)‐3‐phenylpropane 11. (4R,S)‐Benzamido‐2‐benzyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐6‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐carboxylic acid 16 was prepared from 11 by amidoalkylation with α‐hydroxyhippuric acid in methanesulfonic acid solution followed by spiroalkylation to (4R,S)‐2‐benzyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐6‐(methoxycarbonyl)spiro[4H‐benzopyran‐4,4′‐2′‐phenyloxazolidin]‐5′‐one 15. After the phenyloxazolidin‐5‐one 15 was hydrolyzed to the spirobenzamido carboxylic acid 16, oxidative decarboxylation with sodium hypochlorite yielded optically active 2‐benzyl‐6‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐benzopyran‐4‐one 19. The ketone in 19 was reduced by hydrogenation over palladium on carbon to a methylene group and the ester was converted to the aldehyde to give both isomers of the desired intermediate 2‐benzyl‐6‐(formyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐benzopyran 25. The second synthesis relied on an enzymatic hydrolysis of ethyl 2,3‐dihydrobenzopyran‐2‐carboxylate 27 with the lipase from P. fluorescens to provide the desired 2R‐ester. The ester group in (R)‐27 was converted to the triflate (R)‐29. Displacement of the triflate group with phenylmagnesium bromide and cuprous bromide as catalyst gave 2R‐benzyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐benzopyran (R)‐30. Formylation of (R)‐30 provided 2R‐benzyl‐6‐(formyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐benzopyran (R)‐25 identical with that from the first synthesis. These optically active intermediates are used in the preparation of the hypoglycemic agent englitazone.
Syntheses of polycyclic‐1,4‐dithiines and related heterocycles
Authors: Matsuoka Masaru , Iwamoto Akihiro , Furukawa Naoyuki , Kitao Teijiro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReactions of dihalogenoquinones or dihalogenoquinoxalines with thioamides gave the corresponding 1,4‐dithiines in high yields. Many of polycyclic 1,4‐dithiin derivatives can be synthesized by the reactions of dihalogenoheterocycles with thioamides, and they are useful as pigments and functional materials for electro‐optical applications. Some of heteroaromatic‐1,4‐dithiins formed an intermolecular charge‐transfer (CT) complex with a π‐acceptor such as TCNQ, and they are useful as π‐donors for CT complex.
Metallation of diazines. V. Synthesis of analogues of biologically active molecules
Authors: Plé N. , Turck A. , Bardin F. , Queguiner G. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2‐Chloro‐4‐methoxypyrimidine was lithiated by lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide. The resulting lithio derivative was reacted with carbonyl derivatives and iodine. Synthesis of analogues of biologically active molecules is reported.
Preparation and properties of octaalkylphthalocyanines having long alkyl side chains of odd numbers of carbons
Authors: Nishi Hisao , Azuma Natsuhiro , Kitahara Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2,3,9,10,16,17,23,23‐Octaalkylphthalocyanines and their copper complexes having long alkyl side chains of odd numbers of carbons (C7H12, C9H19, C11H23 and C13H27) were prepared. Their thermal properties and solubilities were examined.
Synthesis of an s‐butyldibenz[a,h]acridine. Alkyl migration in the bernthsen reaction
Authors: Klemm L. H. , Chiang Eva , O'Bannon Gerald W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Bernthsen reaction between N‐1‐naphthyl‐2‐naphthylamine and 2‐methylbutanoic acid and its anhydride at 200–230° for seven hours gives a low yield of 12‐ or 13‐s‐butyldibenz[a,h]acridine, instead of the expected 14‐isomer. The parent molecule dibenz[a,h]acridine results from the same reaction conducted at 270° for thirteen hours. It is suggested that alkyl migration may have occurred in some other cases where the Bernthsen reaction was reported to yield 14‐alkyldibenz[a,h]acridines.
On the synthesis of pyrido[3,2,1‐kl]phenothiazine, quino[8,1‐bc][1,4]benzothiazepine and their derivatives
Authors: Catsoulacos P. , Catsoulacos D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis review article comprises tetracyclic rigid analogues of phenothiazine and dibenzothiazepine derivatives. In order to discover new useful drugs, the side chain of the heterocyclic nucleus is incorporated into a ring forming tetracyclic compounds. The text has been divided in thirteen sections.