bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron Deficiency Anemia Following Prenatal Nutrition Interventions
Authors: Leblanc Caroline P. , Rioux France M. 
Published: November 2007

Purpose: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy and infancy is still common in developed countries, especially in low-income groups. We examined the prevalence of anemia and IDA in healthy low-income pregnant women participating in the Early Childhood Initiatives (ECI) program, and in their infants when they reached six months of age. Methods: Pregnant women were recruited by nutritionists. In mothers, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume, and serum ferritin (SF) were measured at 36 ± 2 weeks of gestation. In infants, Hb, mean corpuscular volume, SF, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation (TS) were measured at six months of age. Thirty-one mother-infant pairs participated. Results: Among the 31 pregnant women participating in the ECI program, six (19.4%) were anemic (Hb <110 g/L) and five (16.1%) suffered from IDA (Hb <110 g/L and SF <10 µg/L). Among infants, seven of 23 (30.4%) were anemic (Hb <110 g/L) and five of 23 (21.7%) suffered from IDA (Hb <110 g/L plus two of the following: TIBC >60 µmol/L, SF <10 µg/L, serum iron <5.3 µmol/L, TS ≤15%). Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in this group of lowincome pregnant women is comparable to that in privileged women. The prevalence of IDA in infants is comparable to that observed in other high-risk groups. Effective strategies are needed to prevent IDA in vulnerable groups.
La quête des primitifs sémantiques
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: November 2007

1. A. Wierzbicka, « Searching for semantic primitives (1965-1992) »
This paper provides a state of the art report on the search for semantic primitives as carried out over the last 28 years. It is argued that the failure of the philosophical speculation triggered by the reflections of the great 17th century thinkers (Leibniz, Descartes, Pascal, Arnauld) is not irreversible : the challenge lies in replacing the speculation with a linguistic approach based on the observation of the most diverse languages in the world.
Commencer et se mettre à : une description axiologico-conceptuelle
Authors: Peeters Bert 
Published: November 2007

2. B. Peeters, « Commencer and se mettre à : an axiologico-conceptual description »
This paper examines in full detail all syntactic environments in which the Modern French aspectual verbs commencer and se mettre à are currently used. It also investigates the precise semantic differences between both verbs. Definitions are couched in semantic primitives. The author attempts to take a stand with respect to all observations made by others on these verbs over the last thirty years. Most examples are drawn from a corpus of weekly magazines and/or 20th century novels.
L'accès perceptuel à l'information : à propos des expressions un homme arrive / on voit arriver un homme
Authors: Vogeleer Svetlana 
Published: November 2007

Svetlana Vogeleer : « The perceptual access to information : on the expressions un homme arrive / on voit arriver un homme »
This paper aims to provide an analysis of a particular type of existential sentences based on the perceptual access to information. The purpose of the analysis is twofold : first, to describe the semantic and cognitive (perceptual) content of the sentences where the perceptual relation of access is implicit ; secondly, to establish, on the basis of the preceding analysis, the conditions of use for the explicit perceptual marker on voit in the same sentences.
La dilution linguistique des responsabilités. Essai de description polyphonique des marqueurs évidentiels il semble que et il parait que
Authors: Nølke Henning 
Published: November 2007

Henning Nølke : « The linguistic dilution of responsibilities. A polyphonic description of the evidential markers il semble que and il parait que »
Assertion guarantees truth based on evidence available to the speaker. The speaker may indicate the source and type of his evidence. This paper deals with the two French evidentials il semble que and il paraît que. Both indicate hearsay evidence and are equivalent to the English evidential it seems that. Although very similar at first glance, closer analysis reveals important, though often rather subtle differences as to the type of evidence. A polyphonic study permits a detailed explication of their functioning, and may explain observable distributional differences.
La dérivation des adjectifs en « -ble » : morphologie ou sémantique ?
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude , Leeman Danielle 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Claude Anecombre et Danielle Leeman : « La dérivation des adjectifs en -able : morphologie ou sémantique ? »
Morphologically speaking, an adjective in -able can be derived from any transitive verb. But in the facts, not all these derivatives are acceptable ones. No satisfiying explanation can be given in terms of syntactical properties of the verbs or semantic correspondence either (following the stem model, for instance). Our claim here is that the suffix selects the verbal argument that corresponds to a stereotype, and thus the derived adjective expresses conformity with a given norm.
Pratique du français en Afrique noire francophone
Authors: Manessy Gabriel 
Published: November 2007

Gabriel Manessy : « Pratique du français en Afrique noire francophone »
French in Subsaharan Africa is the object of a double « appropriation » : as a linguistic system and as a vernacular means of communication. Because of the important part French plays in the socio-economical and socio-political organization of the francophone African states, it belongs to the actual or potential repertoire of every individual. Its use by multilingual speakers as a means of inter-group communication leads to structural changes influenced by the particular dominant indigenous language. As a result, a process of dialect formation is in progress, and « national Frenches » are developing which show a number of areal common characteristics determined by the modes of conceptualization and enunciation specific to Nergo-African culture.
L'appropriation du français en Afrique noire : une dynamique discursive
Authors: Wald Paul 
Published: November 2007

Paul Wald: «Appropriation of French in Black Africa : a discursive dynamics»
French in Africa is an object of appropriation. After defining this concept, we examine the connections between functionality and vernacularity. In their own functional domains, speakers must negociate their legitimacy by showing that they master the externally defined norm. The diffuse self-appropriation inherent in urban plurilingualism remains virtually referred to its functional use and to the norm associated to it.
Une clé pour différencier deux types d'interprétation figurée, métaphorique et métommique
Authors: Tamba-Mecz Irène 
Published: November 2007

Irène Tamba-Mecz, A Key for Differentiation between Metaphoric and Metonymic Interpretation
It has already been noticed that figurative meaning can be intensified or attenuated by modifiers such as regular (vrai), a kind of (une espèce de), literally speaking (littéralement) and so on. But no attention has yet been paid to the fact that these modifiers cannot be used indifferently with any figurative interpretation. In this paper we first show that figurative meaning involves at least three different levels of gradation : the occurrence level, the type level, and the proposition level. Then we demonstrate that metaphor requires a type level modifier, while metonymy is only compatible with occurrence level modifiers. Thus we propose to use this distinctive property as a test in order to differentiate between metaphoric and metonymic interpretations.
Métaphore : le problème de la déviance
Authors: Kleiber Georges 
Published: November 2007

Georges Kleiber, Metaphor, the Problem of Deviation
This paper has a restricted aim. We do not intend to make the headlines about what a metaphor is, but to make a very modest appraisal of the work of E.F. Kittay (1987) and M. Turner (1988) on the one hand, and that of F. Rastier (1987) on the other hand, in order to delimit the specificity of the 'metaphoric' incongruity, and thus give an answer to one of the main questions of the metaphoric process ; « is it always the case that there is an incongruity in a metaphorical utterance, and, if so, is there an incongruity distinctive to metaphor ? » (E.F. Kittay, 1987 : 68).
Synchronie, diachronie et pragmatique ; d'une dichotomie de la langue à l'interaction dans la langue
Authors: Swiggers Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Pierre Swiggers : « Synchrony, diachrony, and pragmatics : from a dichotomy of language to structure within language »
The first part of this study is devoted to an analysis of the theoretical and empirical relationships between diachrony and pragmatics. This analysis is followed by an investigation into the attitude of linguists — Saussure, his predecessors and his followers — with respect to synchrony and diachrony, and with respect to the place that can be assigned to pragmatics. This investigation paves the way for a comprehensive study of the possibilities of interaction between diachrony and pragmatics ; for this purpose it is necessary to present a systematic overview of pragmatics and to point to the areas of contact with a diachronic vantage point. Finally, the general problem of the relationship between pragmatics and diachrony is dealt with from a theoretical point of view : it is here that we face the problem of grammatical description in its relation to the history of speech (and of speaking), and this allows us to appreciate the vistas opened by the integration of pragmatics within diachrony.
Tout : polysémie, grammaticalisation et sens prototypique
Authors: Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot Hava 
Published: November 2007

Hava Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot : « Tout : polysémie, grammaticalisation et sens prototypique »
This paper aims to provide an analysis of the lexical item tout, generally recognized as an adjective, a pronoun, an adverb, a noun and even a conjunction (tout....que). We claim that prototype theory together with grammaticalization could provide an explanation for the polysemy of tout, showing that a semantic common denominator that overrides syntactic categories is in fact present. Combining synchrony and diachrony we show that the development of tout corresponds to a semantic model of the type : quantity>quality >concession.
L' « autre » de : une tête quantificationnelle ?
Authors: Hulk Aafke 
Published: November 2007

Aafke Hulk : L'« autre » de, une tête quantificationnelle ?
In this article we consider the three following constructions, containing each the non-prepositional element de followed by an AP or an NP :
(1) de chaud, il y a deux pizzas
(2) j'ai pris la tienne, de voiture
(3) j'ai beaucoup bu de lait
We will show that semantically these constructions involve an intersection or a partition of domains. The NP/AN expresses a « virtual » domain of reference, which is linked to another element in the sentence that represents either the extension of the reference domain or a specimen of its class. We will translate this interpretation in syntactic terms by postulating the hypothesis that de in these constructions is the quantificational head of a functional projection that takes an AP or NP as its internal argument and an empty operator in its specifier position. We will demonstrate that if we adopt such a structure, general licensing principles of generative grammar predict the (partially similar) distribution of these constructions.
Parole et musique dans « L'ombre des arbres » : Verlaine et Debussy
Authors: Choi-Diel In-Ryeong 
Published: November 2007

In-Ryeong Choi-Diel : Words and music in « The shadow of the trees » : Verlaine and Debussy
The study of a poem and its setting into music. Starting from both formal and cognitive principles, we try to show that structural links converge on the evocation of a prototypical image.
Les formes proverbiales
Authors: Gouvard Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Michel Gouvard : Proverbial forms
The word proverb refers to a wide range of utterances among which it is hard to find one's way. I show that it is impossible to study such an array without distinguishing between subclasses of « proverbs » and taking into account all aspects of language. Only afterwards it will be possible to examine the role of proverbs in poetry.
Où placer l'adjectif épithète ? Focalisation et modularité
Authors: Nølke Henning 
Published: November 2007

Henning Nølke : Where to place the attributive adjective in French ? Focalisation and modularity
More than 450 years of research have shown that the placement of the French attributive adjective — before or after its substantive — is governed by a huge number of apparently disparate factors. This paper argues that a cogent theory of focalisation can explain a large scale of facts which hitherto been regarded as non-related. Conceived of as a component of a linguistic modular model, focalisation theory may thus contribute to yielding valuable new insight into the complex mechanisms underlying word order even at the phrase level.
La clé du mystère : mettre le réfèrent à sa place
Authors: Tracy Leland 
Published: November 2007

T. Leland : La clé du mystère : remettre le réfèrent à sa place
The prominence of the noun in the discussion of language results from a privilege accorded to the perceived tangibility of its referent. However, the physical properties of a referent are an insufficient basis for a semantic analysis of the word which designates it. An examination of the polysemic noun « key » in French and English, demonstrates this deficiency, providing an opportunity to develop a semantic account of the distribution of its use in the two languages.
Le langage jeune en Italie
Authors: Pelon Martine 
Published: November 2007

Martine Pelon: The Language of Youth in Italy
In Italy where the linguistic reality is an extremely varied one (situation of balanced bilinguialism) a distinctive linguistic phenomenon has developed : the Language of Youth.
This language goes beyond the limits of the young people's world since the media, TV programmes, advertisements and the written press make numerous references to or are interested in it. It represents a language variety which is spoken to a greater or lesser extent by teenagers in peer group relationships. Its linguistic features combine a strong acceleration in linguistic dynamics, a ludic aspect, the use of old slang devices as well as the coexistence of elements from local parlance (exploitation of dialects) and international traits. Its main function lies in strenghening speaker indentity within the group. It is a language with strong regional characteristics. Finally, today it is one of the moving forces in the formation of the common language, spoken Italian.
Entre le plus et le moins : l'ambivalence du déterminant plusieurs
Authors: Bacha Jacqueline 
Published: November 2007

Jacqueline Bacha: Entre le plus et le moins: l'ambivalence du déterminant plusieurs
The acquisition of the French indefinites plusieurs and quelques is highly problematic for Tunisian children, despite the frequent use of French in Tunisia, especially in school and at the university. We show that this is due to the mistaken idea that these indefinite forms signal different quantities, plusieurs alledgedly referring to a greater quantity than quelques. We further show that this idea cannot be upheld, since both forms can refer to exactly the same quantity, and we defend the idea that plusieurs signals a positive and precise orientation — and is related to exact counting — , whereas quelques tends to direct interpretation towards the negative and the less precise.
Structure "quantifiante" : illocutionnaire vs locutionnaire
Authors: Attal Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Pierre Attal: Structure "quantifiante": Illocutionnaire vs locutionnaire
This analysis of pronouns / adjectives is not based on their alledged referential value, but on the distinction between different semantic structures. This distinction is essentially based on the opposition illocutionary / locutionary, which is at the heart of the behavioral (neo-behaviorist) model I propose. I call illocutionary all elements of an utterance that are linked to its use as an act and that refer to the intentions of the utterer. I call locutionary, on the other hand, all elements of the utterance that are not related to those intentions and that are only linguistic reflexes of possible acts.
The quantifying structure is represented by utterances such as "Certains arbres sont morts" or "J'aime certains arbres": both are affirmations of the existence of This analysis of pronouns / adjectives is not based on their alledged referential value, but on the distinction between different semantic structures. This distinction is essentially based on the opposition illocutionary / locutionary, which is at the heart of the behavioral (neo-behaviorist) model I propose. I call illocutionary all elements of an utterance that are linked to its use as an act and that refer to the intentions of the utterer. I call locutionary, on the other hand, all elements of the utterance that are not related to those intentions and that are only linguistic reflexes of possible acts.
The quantifying structure is represented by utterances such as "Certains arbres sont morts" or "J'aime certains arbres": both are affirmations of the existence of trees in such a way that one can say of each one of them "II est mort" or "J'aime cet arbre". These affirmations are present in the utterances at a second level, in the locutionary predicates sont morts or j'aime...
Apart from the quantifying structure I introduce the referential structure "Ces arbres sont morts" whose elements are all illocutionary (referential acts by j'or ces arbres, assertion by sont morts or j'aime), the verbal structure, "Des arbres meurent en ce moment", whose illocutionary center is the verb; the generic structure, "Un arbre mort doit être abbatu", where the illocutionary element serves to relate two locutionary predicates être un arbre mort and doit être abattu.
Science et institution : la linguistique et l'université en France (1865-1945)
Authors: Bergounioux Gabriel 
Published: November 2007

Gabriel Bergougnioux, Science and institution: linguistics in the University in France (1865-1945)
The institutionalization of linguistics became effective during the 1870s, when a French comparativist school appeared at the time of the creation of the École Pratique des Hautes Études (1868) and the reform of the licence syllabus (1876). The spread of the historical grammar network took place principally in research oriented institutions and less in the faculties of Arts which kept up the tradition of the humanities. Linguistics came into its own during the 1880s with the new syllabus of the lycées and the creation of specific teachers' entrance examinations. Henceforth, under the authority of Antoine Meillet, French comparativism, which was construed as the scientific approach in philological studies, was to hinder the development of structuralism until the 1940s.
Développement de la construction argumentale de trois verbes essentiels : mettre, prendre, donner
Authors: Martinot Claire 
Published: November 2007

C. Martinot, The development of the argument structure of three essential verbs: mettre ('to put'), prendre ('to take'), donner ('to give')
The verbs mettre ('to puť), prendre ('to take'), and donner ('to give'), which are very frequent and used very early with various semantic values, present different types of structural variations: they vary just as well according to the presence vs omission of their arguments in the target language as according to the nature of these arguments (pronominal, adverbial, or nominal).
Nonetheless, with all three verbs the same relation was found between two otherwise independent phenomena, namely the lexical diversity of the nominal arguments increases as a function of verbal morphology in the following order: uninflected infinitival form, inflected form, complex form. These results are based on a thousand utterances produced by two-to four -year-old children.
Référence spatiale dans les récits d'enfants français : perspective inter-langues
Authors: Hickmann Maya , Hendriks Henriëtte , Roland Françoise 
Published: November 2007

M. Hickmann, H. Heindriks, F. Roland, Spatial reference in French children's narrative: a crosslinguistic perspective
Although the expression of motion and location follows some universal principles of organization, recent crosslinguistic research has shown that language-specific properties may affect how children acquire the relevant linguistic devices. Little is known, however, concerning spatial reference in French within this perspective and more research is necessary concerning the role of discourse determinants across languages. The present study addresses these questions by comparing narratives produced by adults and children in French and English. The results show large variations in predicate use across these languages at all ages, but similar developmental progressions in the ability to provide spatial anchors in discourse. The conclusion highlights the impact of language-specific properties on the organization of spatial reference at the sentence level, as well as the impact of universal discourse determinants in the developmental process.
Les signes graphiques du mot à travers l'histoire
Authors: Catach Nina 
Published: November 2007

N. Catach : « The Written Markers of Words Throughout History »
The various devices and auxiliary signs that can be added to writing, in order to make word-units (or groups of words) easier to identify, have always existed, and have always made up one of the essential components of writing systems : the paragraphemic level.
In the Classical tradition, we find a wide range of signs, many more than our modernday, typographical vision has accustomed us to seeing : i.e. not only spaces delimiting groups of letters, and signs indicating the separation of elements (points, hyphens, symbols, punctuation, etc.). The causes of our modern, limited vision of things are no doubt to be found in our over-estimation of the role played by the letters of the alphabet alone in visual activity, and in the under-estimation of the substantial and complex evolution of what constitutes, for us, « reading-units ».
To take only the example of the European Middle Ages, we can find, in the writing of Latin, from one type of writing to another, a very varied range of graphic signs, both intra- and extra-Linear, all of which must be taken into account, and whose main purpose was to make the task of reading easier. All these Medieval visual devices have contributed to our present rich stock of symbols, typographical as well as electronic.
It is therefore necessary to acquire a wider and unprejudiced view of the major historical role that has always been played by the different levels of writing systems in making reading easier, and in identifying and conceiving the « word » as a distinct unit.
Le Factum Textus : fait de grammaire, fait de linguistique ou fait de cognition ?
Authors: Lundquist Lita 
Published: November 2007

Lita Lundquist : Le Factum Textus, fait de grammaire, fait de linguistique ou fit de cognition ?
People are able to distinguish with a large degree of consensus between texts and non-texts. In the present article, I discuss the theoretical implications of this fact for text linguistics. I demonstrate, partly via a small experiment, that sentences in text can contain three categories of linguistic expressions which contribute to signal their position in the text : anaphors, argumentative signals and mental space builders. Taking a partly psycholinguistic point of view, I argue how text linguistics must integrate cognitive as well as linguistic aspects, but suggest that it can nevertheless obtain status as a linguistic science by satisfying the three criteria proposed by Milner (1995) of falsification, « mathematisation » and « technical application ».