bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nonelectrolytes on the Temperature of the Maximum Density of Water. I. Alcohols
Authors: Wada Goro , Umeda Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of various kinds of alcohol on the temperature of the maximum density of water were observed. The results revealed are as follows :
1) The change in the temperature of the maximum density due to alcohols, ΔT, is not proportional to the solute concentration, disobeying Despretz’s rule and in contrast with ordinary electrolytes.
2) The ΔT for univalent aliphatic alcohols at low concentrations is generally positive; that for tert-butyl alcohol is the largest. The ΔT is likely to become high as the number of carbon atoms and the degree of branching in alkyl radicals increase.
3) The elevation of the temperature of the maximum density due to the interaction of alcohol and water, ΔT′, depends upon the weakness of the cohesion of alcohol and the strength of the hydration of the hydrophilic molecules.
4) As the concentration of alcohol increases, there occurs a lowering of ΔT as a result of interaction between the solute molecules themselves. Similar interactions are seen between different alcohol molecules in ternary systems, but can not be seen between alcohol and electrolytic ions, where the solutes behave independently of each other. In the last case, the additivity of ΔT is realized fairly well.
On the Mechanism of Pulp Bleaching. V. Further Investigations on the Residual Lignosulfonic Acid in Unbleached Sulfite Pulp
Authors: Sato Koichiro , Kobayashi Akio , Mikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) By beating unbleached sulfite pulp step by step and changing the beating water, four fractions of residual lignosulfonic acids were obtained. Analytically not very distinct differences were observed between these fractions.
2) The residual lignosulfonic acids isolated by beating and by dimethyl sulfoxide were oxidized with nitrobenzene, and the yields of vanillin obtained from these lignin preparations were comparad with that from ordinary lignosulfonic acid separated from waste liquor. Almost no difference was observed.
3) The amounts of residual lignosulfonic acid dissolved by beating and by dimethyl sulfoxide extraction were in good agreement with those calculated from the amount of the residual lignosulfonic acid remaining in the pulp, thus proving the accuracy of the estimation. Approximately 40 and 20% of the total lignin in unbleached sulfite pulp were dissolved by beating and by dimethyl sulfoxide extraction respectively.
Dehydration Reaction of Hydroxamic Acids with Unsaturated Ethers
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Nohira Hiroyuki , Asano Siro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dehydration reactions of hydroxamic acids with unsaturated ethers have been studied. The reaction of hydroxamic acids with ethoxyacetylene or methylketene diethylacetal led to the formation of corresponding isocyanates, along with ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate and ethanol, through the intermediate of addition compounds of hydroxamic acids and the dehydrating reagents.
The reaction of hydroxamic acids with n-butyl vinyl ether, on the other hand, led to the formation of dihydroxamic acids, along with acetaldoxime and acetaldehyde dibutyl-acetal. This type of reaction was further extended to the reactions of hydroxamic acids with propenyl ether, acetals and aldehydes, and the formation of dihydroxamic acids was confirmed.
The Rate of Formation of Cobalt Hydrocarbonyl under Various Conditions of Oxo Reaction
Authors: Iwanaga Ryoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By treating a solution of dicobalt octacarbonyl in toluene at 100°C under various partial pressures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and by determining the initial rate of formation of cobalt hydrocarbonyl, we have found that the initial rate increases with the increasing pressure of hydrogen and decreases with the increasing pressure of carbon monoxide. These effects of partial pressures on the initial rate of formation of cobalt hydrocarbonyl are parallel with the effects of partial pressures on the rate of the oxo reaction reported by Natta.
In addition, the amount of cobalt hydrocarbonyl in the system during the oxo reaction of methylacrylate and cyclohexene in toluene at 120°C was determined; it was found that only a trace of cobalt hydrocarbonyl appears when acrylate is present, while a large amount of it is present even when cyclohexene is present in the system.
Physicochemical Studies on Cobalt Salts of Higher Fatty Acids. V. Appearances, Densities, and X-Ray Analysis of Crystal Structures of Cobalt Soaps
Authors: Kambe Hirotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Crystallinities of cobalt stearates with different colors have been compared. Blue soap shows a prismatic crystal form, but red soap a plate-like form. The apparent density of blue soap in air is much denser than other soaps. Red soap shows a larger density in acetone than in air. True densities measured in acetone show that the density of red soap is higher than that of blue soap.
X-Ray diffraction patterns show the difference between red or pink soap and blue soap. Red soap has a lamellar structure like that of fatty acid, while blue soap shows a quite different structure. Exact X-ray analysis was not ex-ecuted, however, because single crystals of cobalt soaps have not yet been obtained.
Studies on Antibiotics and Related Substances. XIII. Syntheses of 10-Methylene-11-oxododecanoic Acid and 9-Methylene-10-oxoundecanoic Acid, Antitumor Substances
Authors: Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Nakada Sabur\={o} , Umezawa Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) 10-(Dimethylaminomethyl) -11-oxododecanoic acid hydrochloride (Ia) and 9-(dimethylaminomethyl) -10-oxoundecanoic acid (Ib) have been obtained from the mother liquors remaining after filtration of 13-(dimethylamino)-11-oxotridecanoic acid hydrochloride and 12-(dimethylamino)-10-oxododecanoic acid hydrochloride, respectively.
2) 10-Methylene-11-oxododecanoic acid (IVa) and 9-methylene-10-oxoundecanoic acid (IVb) have been synthesized from the Mannich bases Ia and Ib, respectively.
3) Antitumor activities of IVa and IVb have been described.
Dipole Moments of Polyethylene Glycol Diethyl Ethers
Authors: Kotera Akira , Suzuki Keizo , Matsumura Kimiyoshi , Nakano Takao , Oyama Toshiko , Kambayashi Utako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipole moments of six lower members of the polyethylene glycol diethyl ethers have been measured, and their configurations have been studied. As the configurations of these compounds the two models have been considered; one is a mixture of the various rotational isomers, and the other a model in which the positions of the internal rotations of two C–O bonds around the C–C bond approximately take the gauche positions with regard to each other, and the positions of the C–O bond and the C–C bond around the C–O bond take positions similar to those mentioned above with regard to each other.
Physicochemical Studies on Cobalt Salts of Higher Fatty Acids. VI. Some Observations on Thermal Transitions of Cobalt Soaps, by Differential Thermal Analysis, Thermogravimetry, and Magnetic Measurement
Authors: Kambe Hirotaro , Ozawa Takeo , Onoue Masao , Igarashi Shoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal transitions of red dihydrate and blue anhydrate of cobalt stearate have been measured by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, and magnetic measurement.
Differential thermograms of anhydrous blue soap showed two peaks at high temperatures (about 100°C). When it was heated repeatedly, a new peak appeared at a lower temperature (about 50°C). A low temperature transition is considered to be a transition between mesomorphic phases. The first high-temperature transition corresponds to a transition from a crystalline to an upper mesomorphic state, which disappeared on repeated heating. Red dihydrate soap showed a large peak at 90°C owing to the removal of hydration water. Thereafter it appeared in an anhydrous state.
Thermogravimetric analysis showed the dehydration process in red soap, but not in blue anhydrate. The decomposition of cobalt stearates to stearone and cobalt oxide was found in thermogravimetric curves.
The magnetic susceptibility of cobalt soap obeys Curie-Weiss’ law below the melting temperature, but above it the susceptibility decreases abruptly and anomalous behavior is observed.
Melted soap is in an amorphous state, which was certified by X-ray measurement. Its color and magnetic moment show that melted soap is different in nature from red and blue soaps.
Molecular Association and the Dielectric Constant of a Solution
Authors: Kimura Ko , Fujishiro Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation constant of the nitrobenzene dimer in carbon tetrachloride was estimated as of the order of 0.01 from the dielectric constant of the solution by the use of Scholte’s model. The configuration of the dimer is probably such that one of the constituent molecules lies upon the other. The small formation constant and the configuration of the dimer suggest that there is no need to consider some special forces between molecules such as the Charge tranfer force. The result deduced expermentally are interpreted satisfactorily in terms of the electrostatic force.
Effects of Solvents on the Rate of Oxo Reaction of Methylacrylate
Authors: Iwanaga Ryoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of methylacrylate oxo reactions in a variety of organic solvents were measured by a batch system at 120°C. In general, the rate varies widely in the following order: alcohols &gt; acetone &gt; toluene; this order did not correspond with the order of their dielectric constants nor with the rates of their “base reactions” with dicobalt octacarbonyl, but it does agree with the order of their rates of formation of cobalt hydrocarbonyl under oxo conditions. tert-Butanol shows a positive but small effect on the rate as compared with toluene. When ethylene glycol and formamide having higher dielectric constants were used as solvents, the oxo reaction did not take place. On the bases of these results the mechanisms of the effects of the solvents have been discussed.
Determination of Small Amounts of Copper and Iron with X-Ray Fluorescent Spectroscopy. Combination with Organometallic Precipitation
Authors: Hirokawa Kichinosuke , Gotô Hidehiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The simultaneous determination of small amounts of copper and iron with X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy combined with organic precipitation was investigated. Using an alizarin blue solution, which reacts with copper and iron at a low pH value, as the precipitant, satisfactory results were obtained. The amounts of copper and iron in aluminum, zinc, manganese and nickel were rapidly determined with X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy after this separation.
Electrical Conduction in the Violanthrene-Iodine System
Authors: Uchida Tokiko , Akamatu Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electrical conduction and ESR absorption in the violanthrene-iodine system have been investigated, varying the iodine content. Observation of the Hall effect has been attempted, but the Hall voltage was so small that the effect could not be determined. It was pointed out that, concerning conductive behaviors, the violanthrene-iodine system is analogous with the nickel(II) oxide-lithium oxide solid solution, and that the hopping model of electrical conduction can be applied. From such a view point, the correlation between the observed unpaired spins and charge carriers has been estimated.
Study on Nickel Oxide-Silica-Alumina Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization. II. Catalyst Structures Related to Catalyst Activity
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Imai Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
After nickel oxide is removed from the catalysts consisting of nickel oxide, silica, and alumina, the catalysts usually show a much lower activity than the original catalysts, with a slight increase in the specific surface area.
The acidity of the original catalysts indicates a maximum at the Al/(Al+Al) ratio of 0.05 and diminishes to some extent after the removal of the nickel oxide. The difference between the acidities before and after the removal of nickel oxide, which is a measure of the acidity originating from nickel oxide, is larger in the range of the higher acidity of the original catalysts. The valence state of nickel is found to be 2 in the Al/(Al+Si) range from 0.03 to 0.1, while it is a little higher than 2 with both decreasing and increasing aluminum contents.
Very few definite relationship have been found between the catalyst activity and acidity. However, when both the activity and the acidity originating from nickel oxide are considered on the basis of the unit surface area, an approximately linear relationship is found between them. The structure of the acid site produced by an addition of nickel oxide is discussed from the view point of an extension of Thomas’ proposal for silica and other binary oxide mixtures.
The Phase Transition of Crystalline Potassium Thiocyanate, KSCN. II. X-Ray Study
Authors: Yamada Yasusada , Watanabé Tokunosuké 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The phase transition of potassium thiocyanate has been investigated by the X-ray diffraction. It was confirmed that it is an order-disorder type transition with regard to the orientation of the thiocyanate ions. The temperature dependence of the ordering and the anomalous volume expansion near the transition temperature seem capable of being interpreted by the molecular field approximation if the volume dependence of the interaction energy is taken into account.
The Reduction of Aquopentamminechromium(III) Ions at the Dropping Mercury Electrode
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Sato Yuichi , Tamamushi Reita , Satô Gen 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reduction of aquopentamminechromium-(III) ions at the dropping mercury electrode has been studied in acid solutions by means of the measurement of the direct current, the alternating current and the Kalousek polarograms and the current-time curves. The d. c. polarogram gives a well-defined wave corresponding to the one-electron reduction of chromium (III) to chromium (II). All polarograms, including the Kalousek ones, indicate the irreversibility of the reduction of aquopentamminechromium(III) ions. The heterogeneous rate constants at 0 V. vs. SCE at various temperatures have been presented, and the possible mechanisms for the electrode process have been discussed.
An NMR Study of Acetaldehyde Methanol Solutions
Authors: Fujiwara Yuzuru , Fujiwara Shizuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By the NMR method, the methanol solution of acetaldehyde was studied; in this solution all the species of hydrogen of each molecule are measurable, and a kinetic study of the system was readily performed. This could be compared with any other conventional methods, by which some of the species usually present in the system are directly measured. The formation rates of hemiacetal and acetal were measured as (8.5±1)×10−5 and (2.1±0.5)×10−5 l./mol./hr., respectively, in the absence of a catalyzer. The hydrogen exchange rates for three kinds of OH’s were also obtained. When compared with the related values in the literature, agreement is satisfactory. The relaxation times show a difference in the molecular motion corresponding to molecular structure and in the interaction with surrounding molecules.
Synthetic Studies of the Derivatives of Nitroacetic Acid. III. The Synthesis of Isoxazole-3,5-dicarboxylic Acids from Schiff Bases and Nitroacetic Ester
Authors: Umezawa Sumio , Zen Shonosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Schiff bases react with ethyl nitroacetate in the presence of n-butylamine or benzylamine to give 4-substituted isoxazole-3,5-dicarboxylic amides. This is a new synthesis of isoxazole derivatives.
2) Twenty kinds of 4-substituted isoxazole-3,5-dicarboxylic amides, including aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic derivatives, have been prepared.
3) Seven of the above-mentioned amides have been hydrolyzed to give the corresponding 4-substituted isoxazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acids.
4) Some Schiff bases have been described.
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Molecular Complexes of Tetracycline Salts
Authors: Inouye Shigeharu , Iitaka Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An examination of the salt-complexes of tetracycline and oxytetracycline by the X-ray powder method has shown the presence of at least four different kinds of crystal structures, i.e., the dα, dβ, hγ, and hδ forms. Among them, the dα form has been studied in detail by the use of single crystals. The monoclinic unit cell dimensions of the dα crystals do not vary much either with a salt anion or with a complexing agent, and the intensities of the various reflections so far examined are very similar. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that the crystal structures of the dα-type salt-complexes consist of an almost identical framework of tetracycline or oxytetracycline molecules which encloses spaces capable of containing complexing agents of various types. The orthorhombic dβ form is a polymorphic modification of the dα form, probably arising from submicroscopically polysynthetic twinning of the latter.
The Luminescence Spectra of Triply-ionized Dysprosium and Terbium in Alkaline Earth Fluorides
Authors: Iwase Eiichi , Nishiyama Seijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(i) The luminescence spectra of dysprosium-(III) and terbium(III) ions have been measured in the cubic field (Oh5) of calcium fluoride, strontium fluoride and barium fluoride under excitation by cathode-ray-bombardment.
(ii) The displacement of the luminescence bands of dysprosium (III) ion has been studied with relation to the matrices mentioned above, a blue shift being observed, with 25 and 22 bands as the matrix was changed in successive sequences of calcium fluoride to strontium fluoride and strontium fluoride to barium fluoride respectively. Similarly, this was the case with 35 bands of the terbium (III) luminescence when, the matrix was changed from calcium fluoride to strontium fluoride, and with 33 bands for that from strontium fluoride to barium fluoride.
(iii) The magnitude of the relative crystalfield splittings Δν of the luminescence bands of dysprosium (III) and terbium(III) ions was reported in relation to the increasing strength of the crystal field, i.e., in the sequence of matrices barium fluoride, strontium fluoride and calcium fluoride. For the dysprosium (III) luminescence, the crystalfield splittings observed in the 6F11/2→6H11/2, 6F11/2→6H13/2 and 6F11/2→6H15/2 transitions had a tendency to increase in the matrix-sequence barium fluoride, strontium fluoride and calcium fluoride. In the case of the terbium (III) luminescence, variations similar to that found in the dysprosium (III) luminescence took place in the crystalfield splittings of the 5D4→7F3, 5D4→7F4, 5D4→7F5, 5D3→7F2, 5D3→7F3 and 5D3→7F5, transitions, while the reverse was the case with the 5D4→7F6 and 5D3→7F4 transitions.
(iv) It was found that the band appearing at 18480cm−1 in the luminescence spectrum of the terbium(III) ion embedded in barium fluoride splits into its respective two components when the terbium ion was embedded in matrices of strontium fluoride and calcium fluoride with a more intense crystalfield strength. The magnitudes of these splittings, 30 and 50cm−1 as observed in strontium fluoride and calcium fluoride respectively, are presumably proportional to the differences between the crystalfield strength for barium fluoride, strontium fluoride and calcium fluoride.
Electronic Properties of Quaterrylene, C40H20
Authors: Maruyama Yusei , Inokuchi Hiroo , Harada Yoshiya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Quaterrylene (C40H20) is a dark green-coloured aromatic hydrocarbon and is extraordinarily stable, as it can be heated to over 500°C without decomposition. The semiconduction of the aromatic hydrocarbon possesses a substantial anisotropy by a factor of 107∼108; the resistivity in the direction parallel to the b axis is 106Ωcm. (for a single crystal) or 105Ωcm. (for a surface-type cell) and that perpendicular to the b axis is 1013Ωcm. However, their energy gaps are around 0.6 eV.
From its pulsed photoconduction of the thin film, a drift mobility has been estimated in the order 10−3 cm2/V. sec. However, the rectifying effect of the photoconduction can scarcely be recognized; that is to say, it seems that the mobilities of the holes and electrons in crystal are almost the same.
Further, its photovoltage between aluminium and quaterrylene has a value of 0.1∼0.3 V., while the ionization potential of the hydrocarbon is 4.9 eV. judging from the threshold value of the spectral response of the photoelectric emission.
From these results, a energy level diagram has been introduced for the system of the aromatic hydrocarbon-aluminium contact when a band-type model is employed as the organic semiconductor.
Studies of the Photochemical Reactions. V. The Synthesis of Dimethyldioxanylcarbinol and Dimethyl-α-tetrahydrofurylcarbinol
Authors: Shima Kensuke , Tsutsumi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemical reaction of acetone in dioxane or tetrahydrofuran has been studied, and two new compounds, dimethyldioxanyl-carbinol (III) and dimethyl-α-tetrahydrofuryl-carbinol (IV), were easily produced by this photoreaction.
Thermal and Radiation Oxidations of Benzene to Phenol in Aqueous Solutions Containing Metal Ions at Elevated Temperatures. III. The Effect of Copper Ions
Authors: Hotta Hiroshi , Suzuki Nobutake , Terakawa Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The yield of phenol increases abruptly above 170°C in the cupric sulfate solutions. When the solutions contain copper metal pieces, phenol is produced, even below 160°C, regardless of irradiation or non-irradiation. On the other hand, scarcely any phenol is produced in the cupric-ferric sulfate solution, even at 180°C. These facts are to be attributed to the fast rate of cuprous oxidation by oxygen.
The Absorption Spectra of Cobalt(III) Complexes. IV. The Preparation and the Absorption Spectra of Monohalogenomonoamine-bis (ethylenediamine)-cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Yasui Takaji , Shimura Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The four iodo-amine complexes and some chloro- and bromo-amine complexes belonging to [CoX(NH2-R)en2]X2 type have been newly synthesized to complete the series.
From the measurements of the near-infrared, visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra, the geometrical structures of the complexes have been determined. The ammine complexes, [CoX(NH3)en2]X2, exist in both the cis- and the trans-forms, but the organic amine complexes, [CoX(NH2-R)en2]X2, exist only in the cis-form.
The weak splitting of the A band has been observed for the first time in the bromo-amine complexes.
The Viscometric Properties of Polyesters. I. A Comparison between Crystalline and Amorphous Polyesters
Authors: Nakatsuka Ryuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From the study of the viscosity of aliphatic long-chain polyesters over a wide range of temperatures, the following results have been obtained :
(1) Among aliphatic long-chain polyesters with ether bonds in the main chains, several crystalline polyesters have been obtained.
(2) Accordingly, it has been possible to compare the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the amorphous and the crystalline polyesters with similar chemical structures.
(3) When the temperature is raised, every apparent activation energy for viscous flow (E\eweq) approaches a fixed value, independently of the chemical structure of the polyester.
(4) However, the viscous flow state of the amorphous polyester changes discontinuously in connection with the chemical structure near the melting point of the corresponding crystalline polyester.
(5) In the “transition area” for viscous flow, the viscosity and the apparent activation energy (E\eweq) are, respectively, about 10 poises and 11 kcal./mol.