bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin Integrity in the Pediatric Population: Preventing and Managing Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Quigley Sandy M. , Curley Martha A. Q. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To summarize clinical and empirical knowledge about pressure ulcers in infants and children and to describe an approach developed at Children's Hospital, Boston, to prevent and manage pressure ulcers population. Acutely ill children with potential or actual alteration in skin integrity due to pressure ulcers conclusions. The three‐pronged approach for pressure ulcer prevention and management developed by the Skin Care Task Force at the Children's Hospital, Boston, decreases unnecessary variation in practice surrounding the prevention and care of pressure ulcers in acutely ill children. practice implications. The Skin Care Task Force recommends use of the Braden Q for pediatric risk assessment, a skin care algorithm for prevention of pressure ulcers, and a pressure ulcer algorithm for staging and managing pressure ulcers.
Breastfeeding Among Black Mothers: Evidence Supporting the Need for Prenatal Intervention
Authors: Timbo Babgaleh , Altekruse Sean , Headrick Marcia , Klontz Karl 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To identify factors that might be targeted for intervention to increase breastfeeding among black mothers design. Secondary analysis of the 1988 National Maternal Infant Health Survey participants. Black mothers (N = 5,142) from a nationally representative sample of mothers who had births in 1988 main outcome measures. Breastfeeding rates results. Factors associated with breastfeeding included a mother's plan to breastfeed; Women, Infants and Children (WIC) advice, or advice from a prenatal‐care provider on breastfeeding; and discussion of breastfeeding practices at prenatal birth classes. conclusions. The results suggest that the prenatal period may be a critical time to influence a prospective black mother's decision to breastfeed her infant.
An Introduction to Pediatric Home Health Care
Authors: Madigan Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To provide an overview of the delivery of home health care services to pediatric patients population. All pediatric patients conclusions. Institution‐based nurses are integral in making referrals for home health care services and assuring home health care agencies have the needed information for providing seamless services. practice implications. Institution‐based nurses are the first line in the transition to home and are key members in making the transition happen without unnecessary difficulty for the child and family. This article presents pragmatic information about home health care agencies and how they operate so that institution‐based nurses can maximize the benefit their pediatric patients receive from home health care.
Parental Consent for Bone Marrow Transplantation in the Case of Genetic Disorders
Authors: Prows Cynthia A. , McCain Gail C. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To describe the responses of mothers and fathers who were offered bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for their children with genetic disorders design. Qualitative setting. Private hospital rooms/offices participants. Six mothers and 4 fathers of children with genetic disorders results. The basic social‐psychological problem confronting the parents was the conflicting alternatives of life versus death for their children. It was certain that these children would die from their genetic disorders but without having to endure the pain and suffering of a BMT. The BMT would be difficult, possibly resulting in death, but with a chance of survival. conclusions. Parents believed that BMT was the only chance of survival for their children, leaving them no choice except to pursue the BMT treatment
Standards to Prevent Complications of Urinary Catheterization in Children: Should and Should‐Knots
Authors: Carlson Doris , Mowery Bernice D. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To share standards for urinary, catheterization developed at Children's Hospital, Washington, DC, to prevent complications from using feeding tubes, inserting intermittent catheters too far into the bladder, or not inserting Foley catheters far enough into the bladder. population. Infants and children requiring urinary catheterization. conclusions. Using appropriate length urinary catheters and/or inserting catheterizing devices appropriate lengths based on sex, age, and purpose will help prevent knotting of catheters in the bladder and urethral trauma. practice implications. Short urinary catheters should be used for intermittent urinary catheterization. If these are not available, standards for length of insertion of the catheterizing device should be followed. To prevent urethral trauma, Foley catheters should be inserted to the hub before inflation of the balloon.
Cultural Influences on the Sexual Attitudes, Beliefs, and Norms of Young Latina Adolescents
Authors: Villarruel Antonia M. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To describe the influence of cultural values familialism, gender‐role expectations, and religion on sexual attitudes, beliefs, and norms of young Latina adolescents. design. Ethnography, focus group interviews. Setting. Community‐based agencies in two urban cities. participants. Puerto Rican and Mexican‐American adolescents (10–15 years) and their mothers. main outcome measures. Ethnographic interview guide. results. The importance of family and the role of the extended network, dimensions of familialism, were evident in such patterns as respect for self and family, protection of self, child, and family. The protectiveness of families toward girls, gender differences in rules, value of virginity, and the importance of having a family, were findings consistent with Latino gender roles. However, there were also some important deviations from these roles. For example, virginity, although important, was not associated with religious doctrine or practice. The necessity of preventing pregnancy was also considered important. conclusions. Latino cultural values need to be incorporated in primary and secondary prevention efforts to decrease the risks associated with early and unprotected sexual activity.
Perceived Needs of Parents of Critically Ill Children
Authors: Scott Linda D. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To identify the needs of parents of critically ill hospitalized children as perceived by the parents and critical care nurses, and to identify any differences between the two groups.design. Descriptive, comparative.setting. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in a Midwestern hospital.participants. A nonprobability convenience sample of parents or primary caregivers of critically ill children (n = 21) and pediatric critical care nurses (n = 17).outcome measures. Critical Care Family Needs Inventory modified for pediatrics and demographic questionnaires.results. Information, assurance, and proximity to the critically ill child were identified as priority needs of the PCGs in this study. Significant differences on specific needs were identified between PCG/nurse matched pairs; however, no significant differences were found in total scores between the two groups by a two‐tailed paired t test.conclusions. This study supports the need to investigate interventions to better address parental needs of critically ill children. By consistent identification, prioritization, and incorporation of parental needs into the plan of care, nurses can assist the parents in the recognition and fulfillment of needs that have less perceived importance. Research‐based interventions will facilitate improved parental adaptation to their child's critical hospitalization.
Prescriptive Theory of Acute Pain Management in Infants and Children
Authors: Huth Myra Martz , Moore Shirley M. 
Published: February 2007

Purpose. To present a middle‐range nursing theory of acute pain management that provides direction for practice and research.CLIENT POPULATION. Patients from 6 months to 12 years old who have acute pain.CONCLUSIONS. The potential of the proposed theory, Acute Pain Management in Infants and Children, is to assist nurses in managing clinical pain and to expand the knowledge and research base in children's pain.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. To provide clinicians with prescriptions for pain reduction and a conceptual basis for pain interventions. Statement and theory testing are needed to determine adequacy of this theory for infants and children experiencing acute pain.
Parents' Reports of “Tricks of the Trade” for Managing Childhood Chronic Illness
Authors: Gallo Agatha M. , Knafl Kathleen A. 
Published: February 2007

purpose. To examine how parents respond to and manage the challenges of childhood chronic illness.design. Qualitative, comparative, secondary analysis.participants. Fifty‐eight families (55 mothers, 44 fathers) with a school‐age child (6‐15 years old) with a chronic illness.results. Three approaches to illness management were identified: strict adherence, flexible adherence, and selective adherence. These approaches varied in the extent to which parents developed and relied on target management behaviors that concurred with or deviated from the treatment plan prescribed by healthcare providers.conclusions. The three management approaches contribute to understanding the processes associated with differing interactions between healthcare professionals and parents when a child has a chronic illness.
Nebraska School Nurses Identify Emotional Maltreatment of School‐Age Children: A Replication of an Ohio Study
Authors: Pakieser Ruth A. , Starr Debra K. , LeBaugh Denise 
Published: February 2007

Purpose. To determine how often school nurses identify emotional maltreatment using validated vignettes. DESIGN. Survey, with 16 behavior vignettes, mailed to 550 Nebraska school nurses. Four forms represented nonwhite and white, male and female children. Demographic questionnaire included. SETTING. Survey mailed with regular spring school nurses' newsletter. PARTICIPANTS. One hundred twenty‐one school nurses completed and returned surveys. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Each vignette was an example of emotional abuse; subjects indicated “refer” or “not refer” decisions about the vignette. All items were positive for emotional abuse. RESULTS. Sixty‐four of 121 (53%) respondents correctly identified 13 or more vignettes as referable for emotional maltreatment. No influence of child gender and race on reporting decision. No nurse characteristics correlated with referral rates. CONCLUSIONS. None of the variables studied significantly influenced school nurses' identification of emotional abuse. Further research is needed to ascertain correlation between text vignettes and reporting, and to identify interventions to increase the rate of identifying emotional abuse.
Examination of Gavage Tube Placement in Children
Authors: Ellett Marsha L. Cirgin , Beckstrand Jan 
Published: February 2007

issues and purpose. A primary issue in ensuring safe and effective enteral feeding by tube is achieving and maintaining correct tube position. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of tube placement errors, risk factors associated with these errors, and accuracy of commonly used bedside placement‐screening methods. design and methods. In this descriptive study, 39 hospitalized children having one or more types of enteral tubes were studied prospectively. Tube placement was assessed across time, using three common placement‐screening methods compared to radiographs. results. Tube placement error occurred in 43.5% of tubes at least once during the observation period. Children who were comatose or semicomatose, were inactive, had swallowing problems, or had Argyle tubes were more likely to have tube placement errors. practice implications. Findings suggest that radiographs to document tube placement may be needed, at least on initial enteral tube insertion.
Face to Face With Sturge‐Weber Syndrome
Authors: Walker Mary B. , Hilbert Gail A. , Rinehart Joan 
Published: February 2007

issues and purpose. Chronic illness is a way of life for parents of children with Sturge‐Weber syndrome (SWS), a rare progressive congenital disease that has as its defining feature a port wine stain. This case study describes the experience of one family living with a child with SWS. conclusions. This family's struggle with a devastating syndrome and the ways in which they coped and maintained hope inform all those who care for families living with a chronically ill, disabled child. practice implications. Social support is critical for families facing overwhelming care needs. Families also need anticipatory guidance about child rearing, developmental milestones, decision making, and coping strategies. Additionally, families may need help in mobilizing professional and family resources and in effectively using available services.
Parent Behavior and Child Distress During Urethral Catheterization
Authors: Kleiber Charmaine , McCarthy Ann Marie 
Published: February 2007

issues and purpose. Researchers need a clear understanding of the natural behaviors parents use to help their children cope. This study describes the relationships between naturally occurring parent behaviors and child distress behaviors during urethral catheterization. design and methods. In this descriptive study, researchers videotaped the behaviors of parent‐child interactions during urethral catheterization. results. Parents used distraction to maintain calm behavior during the first part of the procedure and used more reassurance when the children started to become distressed. Seven of the nine children displayed calm behavior at least half the time following distraction. Parental reassurance did not decrease distress behavior in most children. practice implications. Early implementation of developmentally appropriate nursing interventions to decrease child distress is imperative. Parents may need specific instruction and practice to continue the use of distraction throughout procedures, even when the child is upset.
The Misunderstood Child: The Child With a Nonverbal Learning Disorder
Authors: Little Liza 
Published: February 2007

issues and purpose. To introduce nurses to the characteristics of nonverbal learning disorders (NLD) and their psychosocial trajectory in children. Despite the prevalence of learning disorders in children, few nursing professionals are familiar with NLD and their manifestations. conclusions. The child with NLD faces unique challenges in the social, academic, visual‐spatial, motoric, and emotional spheres. practice implications. Nurses can play a vital role in the identification, education, and provision of resources for these children.
Risky Sexual Behavior Among Adolescent Women
Authors: Taylor‐Seehafer Margaret , Rew Lynn 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To review the epidemiology and etiology of risky sexual behavior in adolescent women, and to discuss implications for primary prevention.CONCLUSION. Adolescent women who participate in risky sexual behavior are at risk for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Black, Hispanic, and out‐of‐home adolescent women, however, are at greatest risk. Factors contributing to risky sexual behavior include early initiation of sexual intercourse, inconsistent use of condoms and other barrier contraception, and unprotected sexual intercourse. Identified protective factors for early initiation of sexual activity include the development of healthy sexuality, family and school connectedness, and the presence of caring adults.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Effective clinical interventions target high‐risk adolescent women; incorporate environmental and cognitive‐behavioral components; use social learning theories; address differences in regards to culture, developmental stage, and sexual experience; and support family and school involvement.
Review of Research Studies That Evaluated the Impact of Treatment for Childhood Cancers on Neurocognition and Behavioral and Social Competence: Nursing Implications
Authors: Challinor Julia , Miaskowski Christine , Moore Ida , Slaughter Robert , Franck Linda 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Given the increasing incidence of childhood cancer, increasing survivor rates, and documented incidence of sequelae, nurses need evidence on which to base interventions for families at risk. The authors review and critique research studies that evaluated the impact of treatment for childhood cancers. Implications for nursing practice are discussed.CONCLUSIONS. Research to evaluate the effects of treatment on neurocognition and behavioral and social competency of children with cancer has produced conflicting results. Most studies found deleterious effects on all three areas associated with childhood cancer treatment. Some studies, however, found no differences between childhood cancer survivors and children on therapy compared to normative data or healthy controls.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Knowledge of the short‐and long‐term impact of treatment for childhood cancer on neurocognition and behavioral and social competence allows nurses to design interventions that mitigate neurocognitive effects, decrease behavioral problems, and improve social competence.
Without Parental Consent: Conducting Research With Homeless Adolescents
Authors: Rew Lynn , Taylor‐Seehafer Margaret , Thomas Nancy 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To identify the ethical and legal implications of conducting research with homeless adolescents and to discuss guidelines for conducting research without parental consent.CONCLUSIONS. Ethical principles of capacity, risk, postponement, and truthful disclosure within the context of the rights of minors to consent to healthcare treatment form the basis of the argument for allowing adolescents to consent to participate in research without parental consent when there is minimal risk or when such consent could place them at increased risk for harm.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Adolescents who are the target population for clinical research or who are intended recipients of nursing care should be involved in setting priorities, purposes, and protocols. Parents and other adults from their communities should be included in developing strategies to protect their confidentiality and privacy while helping them achieve autonomy in making informed health‐related decisions.
Insights on Immunizations From Caregivers of Children Receiving Medicaid‐Funded Services
Authors: Evers Deborah B. 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Despite numerous programs aimed at improving immunization rates among American children, under‐immunization remains a significant problem. This study was conducted to gain insight into parents' /guardians' knowledge and attitudes regarding childhood immunizations.DESIGN AND METHODS. Thirteen African‐American mothers and grandmothers participated in semistructured, audiotaped focus‐group interviews.RESULTS. Four major themes emerged: health knowledge and beliefs about immunizations, system barriers that impede obtaining immunizations, facilitators that enhance obtaining immunizations, and suggestions for change.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Immunizations are one of the most important health advantages available to children. Therefore, nurses must become aware of the problem of underimmunization and work to address some of the concerns caregivers have identified in this study. The health and lives of the nation's children depend on it.
Experiences of Students in Pediatric Nursing Clinical Courses
Authors: Oermann Marilyn H. , Lukomski Angela P. 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Learning may be inhibited if students experience undue stress in the clinical setting. This study described the stresses, challenges, and emotions experienced by pediatric nursing students.DESIGN AND METHODS. Students (n = 75) completed a modified Pagana Clinical Stress Questionnaire at the end of their pediatric nursing clinical course. The comparison group of students (n = 383) was enrolled in nonpediatric clinical courses in the same nursing programs. RESULTS. The most stressful aspect of clinical practice was giving medications to children. High stress scores were related to more fear and disappointment in clinical practice. Students who experienced high stress were less stimulated by their clinical activities and developed less confidence in practice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Knowledge of students' perceptions of clinical stress can help educators and clinicians promote a positive and rewarding clinical atmosphere.
Effectiveness of a Parent Education Intervention for At‐Risk Families
Authors: Cowen Perle Slavik 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Although many parenting programs exist to prevent child maltreatment, few are supported by research evidence. This study explored whether parents who completed the Bavolek Nurturing Program improved their parenting attitudes.DESIGN AND METHODS. Secondary analysis of data from a larger study involved a convenience sample of 154 families from 15 county child maltreatment prevention councils.RESULTS. On the pretest, parents demonstrated scores associated with maladaptive parenting practices. Posttest scores were consistent with nurturing parenting attitudes.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Effective and readily accessible parent education programs are highly indicated for prevention of child maltreatment. It is important for nurses to have the information either to provide effective parent education interventions or to be able to refer parents to effective programs.
Infant Behaviors as Indicators of Established Acute Pain
Authors: Fuller Barbara F. 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Many infant pain assessment tools use infant behaviors indicative of increased arousal. These tools were developed and tested using clinical situations involving acute immediate pain responses. Are these behaviors valid, clinical indicators of acute established pain (non‐procedurally caused) pain? Can these tools be used to assess acute established infant pain? This article explores research findings to answer these questions.CONCLUSIONS. Findings suggest that behaviors indicative of increased arousal (e.g., crying, facial expressions that accompany crying) are nonspecific indicators of distress rather than independent indicators of established acute pain. Thus, the use of behaviors representing acute immediate pain responses to assess acute established pain, or the use of tools that incorporate these behaviors, can be misleading.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Always use acute immediate pain behavioral responses (behaviors indicative of increased arousal) in conjunction with clinical data concerning “likelihood of pain“ and consolability.
Spirituality in African‐American Mothers Coping With a Seriously Ill Infant
Authors: Wilson Sonja M. , Miles Margaret S. 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To describe how African‐American mothers' spirituality helped them cope during the time of their infants' hospitalization for a serious illness.DESIGN AND METHODS. Fourteen mothers whose infants were seriously ill in the early months of life were interviewed for this retrospective, descriptive study.RESULTS. The core theme related to prayer. Four mothers reported a strengthened faith, while two mothers continued to have difficulty relating to God or attending church.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. These findings support the importance of understanding and respecting the spiritual needs and expressions of spirituality in African‐American mothers who are coping with a serious illness in one of their children.