bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of Talaroconvolutin A and Talarofuranone: Gram‐scale Synthesis of Ferroptosis Inducer Talaroconvolutin A
Authors: Yao Ming , Yang Wei , Li Jing , Huang Chengyun , Fang Jin , Qin Sulu , Liu Shuzhi , Yang Xiaolong 
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive SummaryThe first total synthesis of talaroconvolutin A (1.1 g obtained) and talarofuranone has been achieved using accessible materials (12 steps, 7.5% and 8.2% yields, respectively). Convergent routes involved intramolecular Diels−Alder reactions in two approaches for creating the decalin moiety. Additionally, an unprecedented DMP‐mediated domino reaction resulted in the deoxy‐tetramic acid system. These syntheses not only establish the absolute configuration of talaroconvolutin A but also enable further collaborative studies of this type of ferroptosis inducers.
Interobserver agreement in the interpretation of anal cytology
Authors: Benevolo Maria , Rollo Francesca , Latini Alessandra , Giuliani Massimo , Giglio Amalia , Giuliani Eugenia , Donà Maria Gabriella 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnal cytology represents a tool for anal cancer screening in high‐risk populations. In addition to accuracy, the reproducibility of the interpretation is of key importance. The authors evaluated the agreement of anal cytologic interpretation between two cytopathologists.MethodsLiquid‐based cytologic slides from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐negative men who have sex with men (MSM) were evaluated by two readers with at least 10 years of expertise in cervical cytology. Cases with a discordant interpretation were reviewed, and a consensus was reached. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping was performed using a proprietary HPV genotyping test. Unweighted and weighted Cohen kappa and 95% confidence interval (CI) values were calculated.ResultsOverall, 713 slides that were adequate for interpretation were evaluated (MSM: median age, 33 years). An HPV test was performed on 620 samples (87.0%). Considering a dichotomous interpretation (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy vs. atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse), the crude agreement between the two readers was 93.3% (kappa = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77–0.87). Once a consensus for discordant cases was reached, the best agreement was found for the negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy category (511 of 528 samples; 96.8%), whereas the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance category showed the lowest agreement (90 of 117 samples, 76.9%). Considering the individual cytologic categories, overall agreement was 92.1% (kappa = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.89). The discordant interpretations were not associated with high‐risk HPV infection, HPV16 infection, or MSM age.ConclusionsThe results indicating excellent interobserver agreement in this study substantiate the use of anal cytology in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus‐negative MSM.
Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease: Which dementia screening test to use in elderly Puerto Ricans with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Rodríguez‐Santiago María A. , Wojna Valerie , Miranda‐Valentín Eric , Arnold Steven , Sepúlveda‐Rivera Vanessa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTypically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is not made at its earliest period, for instance, at mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early AD (E‐AD). Our study aims to demonstrate a correlation between the screening tools, including the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and the biological biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta 1‐42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) proteins and total tau (t‐tau)/Aβ42 ratio in Puerto Ricans > 55 years old with MCI and E‐AD. We evaluated 30 participants, including demographics, memory scales, and CSF biomarkers. Twenty‐eight CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, p‐tau protein, and t‐tau/Aβ42 ratio) were analyzed using the Meso Scale Discovery Platform (MSD). Associations between memory scales (MoCA, MMSE, CDR) and CSF markers were performed using Spearman rho correlation. Our study revealed a statistical association favoring a direct relationship between MMSE and MoCA with t‐tau/Aβ42 ratio in CSF (P = 0.022, P = 0.035, respectively). We found a trend toward significance with an inverse relationship with MMSE and Aβ42 (P = 0.069) and a direct relationship with MMSE and p‐tau (P = 0.098). MMSE and MoCA screening tests were identified with a statistically significant association with the CSF biomarkers, specifically t‐tau/Aβ42 ratio, in elderly Puerto Ricans with MCI and E‐AD. Puerto Ricans > 55 years old with MCI and E‐AD could be screened confidently with MMSE and MoCA for a higher likelihood of earlier detection and, thus, initiation of disease‐modifying treatment and prompt non‐pharmacological interventions.
Severe circumferential rectal ulcer associated with electric bidet toilet use
Authors: Nishiwaki Takuro , Nakachi Kenichiro , Inoue Shin , Ashikawa Takashi , Funato Tomoyuki , Kawamitsu Natsuki , Yoshimura Shigenobu , Nagumo Hironobu , Nakaji So , Homma Koichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA 66‐year‐old man presented to the gastroenterology department with anal pain. For >10 years, he had used an electric bidet toilet while defecating for >5 min at a time, because of constipation. Two weeks prior to his visit, he became aware of discomfort in his anal area and had used an enema 1 week previously. He had persistent diarrhea and began to use the electric bidet toilet at the highest water pressure for long periods. As a result, his anal pain worsened. A colonoscopy revealed circumferential inflammation and ulceration extending from the anal canal to the lower rectum. Approximately half of the Japanese population washes their anuses before and after defecation. Cleaning the anus after defecation using a bidet contributes to hand hygiene and local comfort, and may be effective against constipation. However, excessive bidet use may cause rectal disorders, such as rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome and solitary rectal ulcers. Herein, we report a rare case of a patient with advanced rectal ulceration caused by electric bidet toilet usage.
Land‐use affects pollinator‐specific resource availability and pollinator foraging behaviour
Authors: Birkenbach Markus , Straub Florian , Kiesel Anna , Ayasse Manfred , Wilfert Lena , Kuppler Jonas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLand‐use management is a key factor causing pollinator declines in agricultural grasslands. This decline can not only be directly driven by land‐use (e.g., habitat loss) but also be indirectly mediated through a reduction in floral resource abundance and diversity, which might in turn affect pollinator health and foraging. We conducted surveys of the abundance of flowering plant species and behavioural observations of two common generalist pollinator species, namely the bumblebee Bombus lapidarius and the syrphid fly Episyrphus balteatus, in managed grasslands of variable land‐use intensity (LUI) to investigate whether land‐use affects (1) resource availability of the pollinators, (2) their host plant selection and (3) pollinator foraging behaviour. We have found that the floral composition of plant species that were used as resource by the investigated pollinator species depends on land‐use intensity and practices such as mowing or grazing. We have also found that bumblebees, but not syrphid flies, visit different plants depending on LUI or management type. Furthermore, LUI indirectly changed pollinator behaviour via a reduction in plot‐level flower diversity and abundance. For example, bumblebees show longer flight durations with decreasing flower cover indicating higher energy expenditure when foraging on land‐use intensive plots. Syrphid flies were generally less affected by local land use, showing how different pollinator groups can differently react to land‐use change. Overall, we show that land‐use can change resource composition, abundance and diversity for pollinators, which can in turn affect pollinator foraging behaviour and potentially contribute to pollinator decline in agricultural grasslands.
Plant functional traits and abundance jointly shape keystone plant species in a plant–ectomycorrhizal fungus network
Authors: Zhu Chunchao , Zhang Minhua , Liu Zheyi , Luo Wenqi , Wang Zihui , Chu Chengjin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKeystone species are more important than others for community dynamics and stability. Keystone species can be identified and evaluated by their centrality (i.e., a relative ranking of the topological positional importance of a species) in ecological networks. Studies of node centrality of plant–fungus bipartite networks, for example, have identified the keystone species that are important for maintaining network structure and stability. However, the underlying drivers of the importance of species in a network have rarely been examined. We assessed the centrality (degree, closeness, and betweenness) of plant and fungal species in a plant–ectomycorrhizal fungus network in a subtropical forest in southern China. Based on the phylogenies of plants and fungi and plant traits, we explored ecological factors that led to a species taking a central position or not. We found one plant species (Ternstroemia gymnanthera) and four species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Russula citrina, Scleroderma sp., and two Cenococcum sp.) were characterized by the highest centrality of degree, closeness, and betweenness among the bipartite network nodes and thus played key roles in maintaining network structure. Centrality for fungi (not for plants) was phylogenetically constrained. Plant traits and abundance together explained 46.36%, 46.0%, and 43.7% of variation in the centrality of degree, closeness, and betweenness of plant species in the bipartite network, respectively. When plant or fungal species were sequentially removed on the order of higher to lower centrality, network was less stable than randomly removed. We suggest that abundance and traits determine the positional importance of plant species in a network. This work helps understand how plant–fungus association networks will respond to species extinction and changes in species abundance and functional traits due to habitat fragmentation and human activities.
Using emerging science to inform risk characterizations for wildlife within current regulatory frameworks
Authors: Johnson Mark S. , Beking Michael , Verbruggen Eric M. J. , McVey Emily A. , Power Beth , Kilgour Clare , Bean Thomas G. , Moore Dwayne R. J. , Greenberg Marc S. , Burris Janet , Charters David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Many jurisdictions have regulatory frameworks that seek to reduce the effects of environmental exposures of anthropogenic chemicals on terrestrial wildlife (i.e., mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians). The frameworks apply for new and existing chemicals, including pesticides (prospective assessments), and to environmental contamination from releases (retrospective risk assessments). Relatively recently, there have been many scientific advances that could improve risk estimates for wildlife. Here, we briefly describe current regulations from North America (United States and Canada) and from Europe that include risk assessments for wildlife to ascertain whether they are conducive to the use of emerging science and new methods. We also provide examples where new and emerging science may be used to improve wildlife risk characterization and identify areas in need of future research. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:765–779. © 2024 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management © 2024 Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Credit risk modelling within the euro area in the COVID‐19 period: Evidence from an ICAS framework
Authors: Chortareas Georgios , Katsafados Apostolos G. , Pelagidis Theodore , Prassa Chara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper develops a logistic regression model in an in‐house credit assessment system (ICAS) framework for predicting corporate defaults in the Greek economy. We consider the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the associated government financial support schemes, aiming to protect against financial vulnerabilities, on the probability of default of non‐financial firms, as well as the relevant sectoral and firm‐size effects. In developing the ICAS framework, we address methodological issues such as the predictive performance of statistical versus machine learning approaches and the imbalanced dataset problem, indicating ways to evaluate such models with strong predictive power. Our findings suggest that the effect of the financial support measures dominates the pandemic shocks, thus substantially reducing the probability of firms' default, while the size‐ and industry‐based models show that firms in the micro and services sectors benefited the most. Furthermore, using a random forest model, our findings highlight the trade‐off between the transparency of traditional statistical models and the predictive value of machine learning models.
Are performance explanations credible or strategic? Evidence from a large sample of MD&As1
Authors: Gong Sabrina , Hao Yamin , Wang Xiaojia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper examines managers’ explanations of firm performance (i.e., management attributions) in a large sample of the Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of annual reports. We find that managers of poorly performing firms tend to attribute firm performance to external factors. We further propose a prediction model to decompose management external attributions into a credible part and a strategic part and find that both components are negatively related to firm performance. This evidence suggests that management external attributions partially reflect the actual impact of external conditions on firm performance and are not entirely subject to managerial opportunism. Additionally, we find that investors react more strongly to firm performance when managers provide credible external attributions, especially for firms without a bad reputation for strategic external attributions. We also show that executive compensation is less sensitive to firm performance when managers make more strategic external attributions.
Plant‐derived biostimulant as priming agents enhanced antioxidant and nutritive properties in brassicaceous microgreens
Authors: Ciriello Michele , Campana Emanuela , Kyriacou Marios C , El‐Nakhel Christophe , Graziani Giulia , Cardarelli Mariateresa , Colla Giuseppe , De Pascale Stefania , Rouphael Youssef 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrogreens constitute dietary sources of bioactive compounds imparting numerous health benefits and enhancing sensory experience. They can be successfully cultivated in soilless systems where biostimulants can be easily integrated as seed‐priming and post‐germination agents improving the sustainability of a crop's final production. Compared to an untreated control, three priming agents (a commercial legume‐derived protein hydrolysate (A250), a novel protein hydrolysate derived from peanut biomass (H250) and hydropriming (H2O)) were applied to Komatsuna and Mibuna seeds grown as microgreens and compared for their effects on yield parameters, mineral composition, ABTS and FRAP antioxidant capacity, carotenoid concentration and phenolic compounds.RESULTSSignificant effects of the main experimental factors and their interactions were identified on antioxidant capacity. Compared to the control and hydropriming, the highest ABTS and FRAP values were observed in Mibuna with the A250 and H250 treatments, respectively. Additionally, the H250 treatment increased the total concentrations of phenolic acid derivatives and flavonoid derivatives in Mibuna and Komatsuna, in tune with the levels of total flavonoids. Concerning mineral composition, the highest concentrations in both species were those of phosphorus and nitrate.CONCLUSIONThese results highlight the potential of select plant‐based biostimulants as priming agents to enhance the antioxidant capacity, nutrient content and bioactive compound content, thus further increasing their functional and nutritive quality. In the light of this, the possibility of reducing the application of fertilizers by promoting a green transition for the intensive production of microgreens could subsequently be evaluated. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sex‐specific independent risk factors of urinary incontinence in acute stroke patients: A multicentre registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Fluck Adam , Fry Christopher H. , Affley Brendan , Kakar Puneet , Sharma Pankaj , Fluck David , Han Thang S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of urinary incontinence (UI) in acute stroke patients indicates poor outcomes in men and women. However, there is a paucity and inconsistency of data on UI risk factors in this group and hence we conducted a sex‐specific analysis to identify risk factors.MethodsData were collected prospectively (2014–2016) from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Program for patients admitted to four UK hyperacute stroke units. Relevant risk factors for UI were determined by stepwise multivariable logistic regression, presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe mean (±SD) age of UI onset in men (73.9 year ± 13.1; n = 1593) was significantly earlier than for women (79.8 year ± 12.9; n = 1591: p < 0.001). Older age between 70 and 79 year in men (OR = 1.61: CI = 1.24–2.10) and women (OR = 1.55: CI = 1.12–2.15), or ≥80 year in men (OR = 2.19: CI = 1.71–2.81), and women (OR = 2.07: CI = 1.57–2.74)–reference: <70 year–both predicted UI. In addition, intracranial hemorrhage (reference: acute ischemic stroke) in men (OR = 1.64: CI = 1.22–2.20) and women (OR = 1.75: CI = 1.30–2.34); and prestroke disability (mRS scores ≥ 4) in men (OR = 1.90: CI = 1.02–3.5) and women (OR = 1.62: CI = 1.05–2.49) (reference: mRS scores < 4); and stroke severity at admission: NIHSS scores = 5–15 in men (OR = 1.50: CI = 1.20–1.88) and women (OR = 1.72: CI = 1.37–2.16), and NIHSS scores = 16–42 in men (OR = 4.68: CI = 3.20–6.85) and women (OR = 3.89: CI = 2.82–5.37) (reference: NIHSS scores = 0–4) were also significant. Factors not selected were: a history of congestive heart failure, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes and previous stroke.ConclusionsWe have identified similar risk factors for UI after stroke in men and women including age >70 year, intracranial hemorrhage, prestroke disability and stroke severity.
Valuing the economic benefits of species recovery programmes
Authors: Browning E. , Christie M. , Czajkowski M. , Chalak A. , Drummond R. , Hanley N. , Jones K. E. , Kuyer J. , Provins A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Accounting for the values placed on nature by the public is key to successful policies in reversing ongoing biodiversity declines. However, biodiversity values are rarely included in policy decisions, resulting in poorer outcomes for people and nature.

Our paper addresses an important evidence gap related to the non‐availability of values for appraising large‐scale policies and investment programmes for species recovery and habitat improvement at the national level.

We use a stated preference choice modelling approach to estimate household preferences and Willingness to Pay for species recovery and habitat improvement over a wide range of habitats in England.

The framing of our stated preference study is crucial to the evidence we develop. Within the study, we define species recovery as incremental improvements to habitat quality and present respondents with choices between conservation policy options that improve different habitat types. We then use the response data to estimate values for habitat quality improvements, and the associated improvements to species presence and abundance. We are thus able to estimate economic benefits for ‘wild species recovery’ simultaneously across a wide range of habitat types.

Willingness to pay values for habitat improvement was found to be highest for improvements from ‘moderate’ to ‘full’ species recovery by 2042; and for habitat types which have relatively low current extents in England, such as lowland fens.

Policy Implications: biodiversity policy designers can make use of stated preference methods to guide decisions over which aspects of biodiversity targets to focus more resources on, since this enables policy to reflect public preferences, and thus engages higher public support for conservation. In our specific data and context, this implies prioritising the restoration of species recovery to high levels and focussing resources on scarcer rather than more abundant habitat types.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Lignosulfonate/silica hybrid nanoparticles as a novel biobased filler in polybenzoxazine matrix
Authors: Candia Adriana , Taverna María Eugenia , Forchetti Casarino Agustín , Busatto Carlos , Casis Natalia , Spontón Marisa Elisabet , La Scala John , Estenoz Diana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLignin is an abundant and sustainable resource that exhibits numerous attractive functional properties as a reinforcing agent for benzoxazine‐based composites, due to its stiffness, thermal stability, and high carbon content. However, the low quality of lignin particles dispersions associated with the weak particles‐matrix interactions reduces the reinforcement capability. In this work, hybrid lignin/silica (NaLS/SiO2) nanoparticles were obtained from sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) under basic conditions. The particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirming their spherical morphology and narrow nanometric‐size distributions. The hybrid particles were incorporated into conventional benzoxazine (BA‐a) and a difuran biobased benzoxazine (SA‐dfda) to prepare nanocomposites with different mass compositions (3, 5, and 10 wt%). Morphological, mechanical, dynamo‐mechanical, and thermal properties of the obtained composites were assessed. All the materials exhibited a homogenous filler dispersion that contributed to improve the reinforcement properties. Hybrid nanoparticles proved to be an interesting alternative as a filler in the benzoxazine matrix to prepare high‐performance thermosetting composites.
The promotional effect of prosocial motivation on time‐based prospective memory
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Gan Jiaqun , Wang Zhen , Li Yongxin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTime‐based prospective memory (TBPM) is the ability to remember to do a planned task at the right time. In social interactions, people are often motivated to do things for others, which reflects an important factor that influences prospective memory, namely prosocial motivation. According to the motivational cognitive model, prosocial motivation promotes TBPM by paying more attention or adopting more effective strategies. This study explored the effect of prosocial motivation on TBPM under different time‐monitoring conditions within the motivational cognitive model framework. One hundred and thirty‐one university students participated in this experiment that adopted a 2 (groups: control, prosocial motivation) × 2 (viewing time conditions: limited, unlimited) between‐subjects design. The results revealed that the prosocial motivation group had better TBPM performance than the control group under both limited and unlimited viewing time conditions. At the same time, compared with the control group, the prosocial motivation group consumed more internal attention and utilized more strategies under both viewing time conditions, and their external attention was more effective. In addition, the external attention of the prosocial motivation group was higher only when time‐monitoring was unlimited. The results of this study further extend knowledge of the motivational cognitive model and expand its scope of application, which has theoretical significance.