bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in dentin permeability using a slurry containing dicalcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide
Authors: Cherng Aishuan Maria , Takagi Shozo , Chow Laurence 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTreatments that obdurate dentin tubules have been used for reducing dentin hypersensitivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a treatment with a slurry of micron sized calcium phosphate on the hydraulic conductance (Lp) of etched dentin discs in vitro. The treatment slurry was prepared by mixing a powder mixture of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous and calcium hydroxide with a solution that contained sodium fluoride and carboxymethyl cellulose. The mean baseline Lp (in mL cm−2 s–1 H2O cm–1) was 2.07 ± 1.45 (mean ± SD; n = 13)). After one treatment and 2, 4, and 7 days of incubation in a protein‐free saliva‐like solution (SLS), the mean relative Lp, presented as % of baseline, were 65 ± 16, 42 ± 27, 36 ± 26, and 33 ± 27 (n = 13), respectively. The Lp values of the baseline and treatment after incubation in the SLS were significantly (p < 0.05) different. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed partial obturation of dentin tubules in the treated dentin. X‐ray diffraction and chemical analyses indicated the major product formed from the slurry was a fluoride‐containing hydroxyapatite. Treatment appeared effective in further reducing Lp of dentin discs after incubation in the SLS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Critical comparison of two methods for the determination of nanomechanical properties of a material: Application to synthetic and natural biomaterials
Authors: Lewis Gladius , Xu Jie , Dunne Nicholas , Daly Catherine , Orr John 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTwo methods used for determining the elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H) of a material—the original version of the well‐known Oliver‐Pharr Method, OOPM, and a variant of it called the Modified Slopes Method, MSM—were critically compared. The nanoindentation test results, of indenter load‐versus‐indenter displacement, were recorded for six series of specimens, three of commercially‐available acrylic bone cements (Palacos® R and Cemex® XL) and three of bones (human, bovine, and mouse). In the first series, the specimens were prepared from Palacos® R cement mantles retrieved from cemented total hip joint replacements after 11 months, 11 years, and 21 years in vivo. In the second and third series, the specimens were fabricated from hand‐ and vacuum‐mixed dough of Cemex XL® cement, respectively. In the fourth, fifth, and sixth series, the specimens were prepared from fresh frozen cortical bone of human tibia, plexiform bone from fresh bovine tibia, and femora from inbred mice, respectively. It was found that, for a given material, the values of E or H computed using OOPM and MSM are not significantly different. However, the recommendation is that MSM is preferable because it is straightforward—only the nanoindentation measurements and values of constants that depend on the geometry of the indenter used are needed. In contrast, when the OOPM is used, there is a critical input (the indenter tip area function), whose computation is problematic. The article also includes a succinct discussion of factors that affect the values of material properties computed from nanoindentation measurements, such as the loading rate and the surface roughness of the test specimen. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Pulsatile dynamic stiffness of cartilage‐like materials and use of agarose gels to validate mechanical methods and models
Authors: Scandiucci de Freitas P. , Wirz D. , Stolz M. , Göpfert B. , Friederich N.‐F. , Daniels A. U. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractStiffness is a fundamental indicator of the functional state of articular cartilage. Reported test modes include compressive incremental strain to determine the equilibrium modulus, and sinusoidal strain to determine the dynamic modulus and stress/strain loss angle. Here, initial development is described for a method recognizing that gait is pulsatile. Agarose gels have been used by others for validation or comparison of mechanical test methods and models for cartilage and proteoglycan aggregate. Accordingly, gels ranging from 0.5 to 20% agarose were prepared. Pulsatile stiffness in both indentation and unconfined compression were closely reproducible. Stiffness as a function of agarose concentration rose exponentially, as found using other methods. Indentation stiffness was higher than for unconfined compression and ranged from ∼2.0 kPa for 0.5% gel to ∼3800 kPa for 20% gel. Pulsatile dynamic stiffness appears to be a useful method, although further development is needed. Agarose gel stiffness values obtained by other methods were reviewed for comparison. Unfortunately, reported values for a given agarose concentration ranged widely (e.g. fourfold) even when test methods were similar. Causes appear to include differences in molecular weight and gel preparation time–temperature regimens. Also, agarose is hygroscopic, leading to unintended variations in gel composition. Agarose gels are problematic materials for validation or comparison of cartilage mechanical test methods and models. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Multivariate analysis of surface physico‐chemical properties controlling biofilm formation on orthodontic adhesives prior to and after fluoride and chlorhexidine treatment
Authors: Chin Mervyn Y. H. , Sandham Andrew , Pratten Jonathan , Joop De Vries  , van der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBiofilm formation on orthodontic adhesives is a serious clinical problem, as it leads to enamel demineralization around fixed orthodontic appliances, often leaving white spot lesions after their removal. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of surface physico‐chemical properties of four commonly used orthodontic adhesives (Concise™, Fuji ORTHO™ LC, Ketac Cem μ, and Transbond™ XT) on early bacterial biofilm formation. In addition, effects of two commercially available mouthrinses (0.05% sodium fluoride and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate) on these properties and biofilm formation were determined. Water contact angles on the adhesives decreased after fluoride and chlorhexidine treatment, concurrent with an increase in carbon and a decrease in oxygen surface concentrations, except for Transbond, as determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. No fluorine was detected on any of the adhesive surfaces after fluoride treatment, while all surfaces showed chlorine after chlorhexidine treatment. Surface roughness of the adhesives measured using three‐dimensional optical profilometry was around 4 μm and found not to be a factor governing early biofilm formation. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that early biofilm formation by Streptococcus sanguis could be explained in a model comprising hydrophobicity and the prevalence of oxygen‐ and nitrogen‐rich components on the adhesive surfaces. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Biodegradable polymer–silica xerogel composite microspheres for controlled release of gentamicin
Authors: Xue J.M. , Tan C.H. , Lukito D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSingle and double layered composite microspheres were prepared by encapsulating gentamicin‐loaded silica xerogels with biodegradable PLGA polymers (poly(DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)). The in vitro drug release properties of both the composite microspheres were investigated. The single layered composite microspheres showed a high initial burst, followed by two sustained release stages lasting for ∼6 weeks. The two sustained release stages of the single layered composite microspheres could be attributed to the swelling and bulk erosion of the polymer encapsulations, respectively. In comparison with the single layered composite microspheres, the double layered composite microspheres realized a much reduced initial burst together with three sustained release stages. The whole release period of the double layered composite microspheres could last more than 9 weeks. These distinct behaviors make the double layered composite microspheres promising as a new drug release material for localized drug delivery applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Behavior of human osteoblast‐like cells in contact with electrodeposited calcium phosphate coatings
Authors: Richard D. , Dumelié N. , Benhayoune H. , Bouthors S. , Guillaume C. , Lalun N. , Balossier G. , Laurent‐Maquin D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractCalcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite (Ca‐def‐HAP) thin films were elaborated on Ti6Al4V substrates by electrodeposition. The coatings exhibit two different morphologies and crystallinities. Human osteoblast‐like cells (MG‐63) were cultured on the surfaces of these materials; the cell content and viability were evaluated up to 28 days. The scanning electron microscopy and biological investigations showed cells with a normal morphology, good proliferation, and viability from 7 to 21 days. But after 28 days, the number of live cells decreases in both cases; however, this decrease is less important in the case of calcium phosphate (CaP) coating surface when compared with the control (cell culture plastic). The cells cultured on Ca‐def‐HAP coating exhibit more cellular extensions and extracellular matrix. RT‐PCR for type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin studies were also carried out, and was found that the CaP enhances gene expression of ALP and OC and thus the differentiation of osteoblast‐like cells. Moreover, this study shows that the difference in the morphology of CaP coatings has no effect on the biocompatibility. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Are calculated enthalpies of formation sometimes more reliable than experimental? A test on alkyl substituted benzoic acids
Authors: Böhm Stanislav , Exner Otto 
Published: February 2006

AbstractEnergies of 20 alkyl‐substituted benzoic acids were calculated at the levels B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) and MP2/6‐311+G(d,p)//MP2/6‐311+G(d,p); the pertinent enthalpies at 298 K were calculated at the same levels. Comparison with experimental enthalpies of formation ΔfH°g(298) was carried out in terms of isodesmic reactions, that is, in the relative values. Of the four calculated quantities, the DFT enthalpies yielded best correlation with the standard deviation of 2.1 kJ mol−1, near to the experimental uncertainty; the DFT energies are only slightly worse and the MP2 enthalpies or energies much worse. However, the DFT method overestimated systematically the substituent effects and had to be calibrated. Comparison with the experimental gas‐phase acidities was less telling and the fit was worse because both methods overestimated the substituent effects. Extending the base in selected examples did not give better results. Although the systematic deviations are evidently due to the imperfections of the theoretical models, individual big deviations should be attributed to experimental errors or to the abnormal behavior of certain compounds at the experimental conditions. From this point of view, three examples of the so‐called long‐range effect claimed in the case of different benzoic acid derivatives, always for substituents in the meta position, must be refused as unproven because the experimental energies were not confirmed by calculations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 5: 571–577, 2006
An orbital localization criterion based on the theory of “fuzzy” atoms
Authors: Alcoba Diego R. , Lain Luis , Torre Alicia , Bochicchio Roberto C. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis work proposes a new procedure for localizing molecular and natural orbitals. The localization criterion presented here is based on the partitioning of the overlap matrix into atomic contributions within the theory of “fuzzy” atoms. Our approach has several advantages over other schemes: it is computationally inexpensive, preserves the σ/π‐separability in planar systems and provides a straightforward interpretation of the resulting orbitals in terms of their localization indices and atomic occupancies. The corresponding algorithm has been implemented and its efficiency tested on selected molecular systems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 596–608, 2006
Identification of the four most common β‐globin gene mutations in Greek β‐thalassemic patients and carriers by PCR‐SSCP: advantages and limitations of the method
Authors: Kakavas Konstantinos V. , Noulas Argiris , Chalkias Christos , Hadjichristodoulou Christos , Georgiou Ioannis , Georgatsou Elena , Bonanou Sophia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn the present study we investigated whether the single‐strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) method could be employed to identify (rather than simply detect) the four most common β‐globin gene mutations in the Greek population: IVS‐I‐110, Cd39, IVS‐I‐1, and IVS‐I‐6. Using DNA from 50 β‐thalassemic patients and carriers, we amplified by PCR the appropriate 238‐bp region of the human β‐globin gene, analyzed the reaction products by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and visualized the bands by silver staining. Single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) fragments showed a reproducible pattern of bands that was characteristic of the mutations present. With the use of control samples containing six of the 10 possible combinations of the four most common β‐globin gene mutations, we were able to predict the mutations present in a quarter of the patients studied. Our predictions were confirmed independently by the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) method. We conclude that this non‐radioactive PCR‐SSCP method can be used to reliably identify mutations in patients, provided that suitable controls are available. Moreover, the method is easy to apply to the identification of mutations in carriers, which makes it particularly useful for population screening. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:1–7, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection
Authors: Mania‐Pramanik Jayanti , Potdar Shobha , Kerkar Shilpa 
Published: February 2006

AbstractImportant progress in the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) includes the development of nucleic acid amplification techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligase chain reaction (LCR). Commercial kits are available, but they are costly, sporadic in availability, must be imported, and are economically beyond the reach of common people. To overcome this limitation, most research laboratories have standardized their in‐house‐developed PCR methods for diagnosing this infection. However, each laboratory has to spend a great deal of time and money to accomplish this. Published reports do not always elaborate the steps involved in standardizing a test so that it can immediately be reproduced in another setting. In the present study we attempted to elaborate the steps involved in standardizing a sensitive and specific PCR technique followed by hybridization with specific C. trachomatis probe to diagnose this infection in cervical, introital, and urine specimens, and used it to determine the infection rate in a clinical population. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:8–14, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of a new silica clotting time for diagnosing lupus anticoagulant in patients who meet the clinical criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Grypiotis Panagiotis , Ruffatti Amelia , Pengo Vittorio , Tonello Marta , Biasiolo Alessandra , Zamboni Daniela , Cavazzana Anna , Todesco Silvano 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe silica clotting time (SCT) is a phospholipid‐dependent coagulation assay used for the laboratory diagnosis of lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of a new commercial SCT for identifying LA in patients who meet the clinical criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and its association with thrombotic events were evaluated here. Forty‐five patients who met the clinical criteria for APS according to the Sapporo International Consensus Statement were examined. Sixty‐nine patients who did not meet the clinical criteria for APS, and 20 blood donors were used as controls. Plasma samples from the patients and controls were tested for LA using a new commercial SCT with low and high synthetic phospholipid concentrations. The results were compared with those obtained by diluted Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). SCT's sensitivity for identifying LA in patients who met the clinical criteria of APS was higher compared to APTT and dRVVT (53.3% vs. 31.1% and 31.1%), and the specificities of these assays were 96.6%, 100%, and 98.9%, respectively. When dRVVT was combined with SCT, and dRVVT was combined with APTT their sensitivities were 57.7% and 48.8%, and their specificities were 96.6% and 98.9%, respectively. A stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that the combination of dRVVT with SCT was associated with total thrombotic events (odds ratio (OR)=11.5, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.25–106.3, P=0.031) as well as with venous thrombosis (OR=4.09, 95% CI=1.16–14.43, P=0.028). According to our results, SCT is the most sensitive assay for identifying LA in patients who meet the clinical criteria for APS. Moreover, the highest sensitivity was reached with a combination of SCT and dRVVT. The method's association with total thrombotic events and venous thrombosis was in fact significant. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:15–18, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive value of the serum level of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein in left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Xiaozhou Hu , Jie Zhang , Zhenrong Li , Liyan Cui 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis study was designed to measure the correlation between left ventricular (LV) remodeling 3 months after successful reperfusion therapy, and the levels of serum N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) at 3 days after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to determine the predictive levels of NT‐proBNP and hs‐CRP for LV remodeling. A total of 106 patients with first AMI were included in this study. Each patient was examined by echocardiography (ECG) on the third day and third month after AMI, and LV remodeling was determined by the difference in the LEV end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) between the third day and the third month. Serum NT‐proBNP and hs‐CRP level were measured 3 days after AMI. Then the correlation between the 3‐months change in LVEDV and the levels of serum NT‐proBNP or hs‐CRP was determined. In addition, sensitivity and specificity were calculated with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify correspondence with LV remodeling (defined as the change rate of LVEDV >20%). Our results showed that the correlation coefficients with the change of LVEDV were 0.706 for serum NT‐pro BNP (P<0.001) and 0.596 for hs‐CRP (P<0.05). With a cutoff value of 0.2, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.894 for NT‐proBNP and 0.825 for hs‐CRP. Although the AUC did not statistically differ between NT‐proBNP and hs‐CRP, NT‐proBNP is more effective than serum hs‐CRP as a marker to predict LV remodeling. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:19–22, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutation analysis of Crouzon syndrome in Taiwanese patients
Authors: Chang Chin‐Ping , Wan Lei , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Lee Cheng‐Chun , Tsai Fuu‐Jen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractCrouzon syndrome is an autosomal‐dominant disorder that causes premature fusion of the cranial suture. Crouzon, Pfeiffer, and Apert syndromes are caused by mutations in the extracellular, third immunoglobulin‐like domain, and adjacent linker regions (exons IIIa and IIIc) of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. We screened 12 Crouzon syndrome patients for mutations in exons IIIa and IIIc of the FGFR2 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Mutations were detected in nine of 12 patients at amino acid positions 278, 281, 289, 342, and 354. More than half of the studied Crouzon patients carried a mutation resulting in either the loss or gain of a cysteine residue. A novel missense Ser354Phe substitution at exon IIIc of the human FGFR2 gene was found. According to our results, sequencing analysis of IgIII domain of the FGFR2 gene can lead to a genetic diagnosis of Crouzon syndrome. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:23–26, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mechanisms of change in the treatment of borderline personality disorder with transference focused psychotherapy
Authors: Levy Kenneth N. , Clarkin John F. , Yeomans Frank E. , Scott Lori N. , Wasserman Rachel H. , Kernberg Otto F. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe address how Transference Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) conceptualizes mechanisms in the cause and maintenance of borderline personality disorder (BPD) as well as change mechanisms both within the patient and in terms of specific therapists' interventions that engender patient change. Mechanisms of change at the level of the patient involve the integration of polarized representations of self and others; mechanisms of change at the level of the therapist's interventions include the structured treatment approach and the use of clarification, confrontation, and “transference” interpretations in the here and now of the therapeutic relationship. In addition, we briefly review evidence from our group regarding the following hypothesized mechanisms of change: contract setting, integration of representations, and changes in reflective functioning (RF) and affect regulation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 481–501, 2006.
Interpersonal psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Possible mechanisms of change
Authors: Markowitz John C. , Skodol Andrew E. , Bleiberg Kathryn 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis article describes the rationale for applying interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) to the treatment of patients who have borderline personality disorder and explains the adaptation of standard IPT to that end. The authors describe the preliminary stages of adapting IPT for a pilot study to test its feasibility and potential efficacy and speculate on potentially therapeutic mechanisms for IPT in treating patients who have borderline personality disorder. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 431–444, 2006.