bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive analysis of the biogeography of the thelastomatoid pinworms from Australian burrowing cockroaches (Blaberidae: Geoscapheinae, Panesthiinae): no evidence of coevolution
Authors: JEX A. R. , SCHNEIDER M. A. , ROSE H. A. , CRIBB T. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe report 21 thelastomatoid species parasitizing 31 described and 5 undescribed geoscapheine and panesthiine cockroaches, representing all but 1 of the known species of these subfamilies in Australia. The nematodes have 3 distinct patterns of host distribution: dominant, moderate and rare. The 4 dominant species, Cordonicola gibsoni, Leidynemella fusiformis, Travassosinema jaidenae and Aoruroides queenslandensis, are highly prevalent, found in nearly all host species examined, and broadly distributed. The 8 moderate species have lower prevalences but are still widely distributed. Many of these species are more common in one host subfamily than the other. The remaining 9 rare species have highly restricted host and geographical distributions. Six of the 21 species are exclusive to geoscapheines, 5 to panesthiines and 10 are shared. These patterns suggest that most of the reported thelastomatoid species are generalists rather than specialists, that host-specificity within this group is low and that co-evolutionary speciation has had little, if any, impact on structuring the thelastomatoid fauna of Australian burrowing cockroaches. In a broader context, this study provides the first comprehensive examination of the role of coevolutionary speciation and host specificity in regulating the distribution of pinworms in arthropods.
Predictors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of conduct disorder in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a longitudinal study
Authors: MONUTEAUX MICHAEL C. , FARAONE STEPHEN V. , MICHELLE GROSS LARA , BIEDERMAN JOSEPH 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTBackgroundResearch on the overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) in males has provided useful information on the etiology, correlates, course, and nosology of this co-morbid condition. However, it is unclear how these results extend to females. Our aim was to examine the predictors, clinical characteristics, and functional outcome of CD in a sample of female youth with and without ADHD.MethodWe conducted a blind, 5-year prospective longitudinal study of girls with (n=140) and without (n=122) ADHD, aged 6–18 years at baseline. At the 5-year follow-up, 123 (88%) and 112 (92%) of the ADHD and control children respectively were reassessed at a mean age of 16·7 years. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using blind structured diagnostic interviews.ResultsBaseline ADHD was a significant risk factor for lifetime CD throughout childhood and adolescence [hazard ratio (HR) 5·8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·9–11·5, p<0·001]. Among ADHD girls, childhood-onset (<12 years) CD was predicted by paternal antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), while adolescent-onset CD (⩾12 years) was predicted by family conflict. In addition, lifetime CD significantly predicted academic, psychiatric and sexual behavior problems in girls with ADHD at follow-up.ConclusionsADHD is a significant risk factor for CD in girls. CD is associated with increased risk for academic, psychiatric and sexual behavior problems compared to ADHD girls without CD. Given that the therapeutic approaches indicated by ADHD and CD differ, these findings highlight the importance of improved efforts aimed at early identification and treatment of CD in girls with ADHD.
Mild cognitive impairment as predictor for Alzheimer's disease in clinical practice: effect of age and diagnostic criteria
Authors: Visser P. J. , Verhey F. R. J. 
Published: April 2007

BackgroundWe investigated whether the predictive accuracy of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for Alzheimer-type dementia (AD) in a clinical setting is dependent on age and the definition of MCI used.MethodNon-demented subjects older than 40 (n=320) who attended a memory clinic of a university hospital were reassessed 5 years later for the presence of AD. MCI was diagnosed according to the criteria of amnestic MCI, mild functional impairment (MFI), ageing-associated cognitive decline (AACD), and age-associated memory impairment (AAMI). The main outcome measure was the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Analyses were conducted on the entire sample and on subgroups of subjects aged 40–54, 55–69 and 70–85 years.ResultsA diagnosis of AD at follow-up was made in 58 subjects. Four of them were in the 40–54 age group, 29 in the 55–69 age group and 25 in the 70–85 age group. The diagnostic accuracy in the entire sample was low to moderately high with AUCs ranging from 0.56 (AACD) to 0.75 (amnestic MCI). A good predictive accuracy with an AUC >0.80 was only observed in subjects aged 70–85 using the criteria of amnestic MCI (AUC=0.84).ConclusionsThe predictive accuracy of MCI for AD is dependent on age and the definition of MCI used. The predictive accuracy is good only for amnestic MCI in subjects 70–85 years. As subjects with prodromal AD are often younger than 70, the usefulness of MCI as predictor of AD in clinical practice is limited.
Filters, mollifiers and the computation of the Gibbs phenomenon
Authors: Tadmor Eitan 
Published: April 2007

We are concerned here with processing discontinuous functions from their spectral information. We focus on two main aspects of processing such piecewise smooth data: detecting the edges of a piecewise smooth f, namely, the location and amplitudes of its discontinuities; and recovering with high accuracy the underlying function in between those edges. If f is a smooth function, say analytic, then classical Fourier projections recover f with exponential accuracy. However, if f contains one or more discontinuities, its global Fourier projections produce spurious Gibbs oscillations which spread throughout the smooth regions, enforcing local loss of resolution and global loss of accuracy. Our aim in the computation of the Gibbs phenomenon is to detect edges and to reconstruct piecewise smooth functions, while regaining the high accuracy encoded in the spectral data.To detect edges, we utilize a general family of edge detectors based on concentration kernels. Each kernel forms an approximate derivative of the delta function, which detects edges by separation of scales. We show how such kernels can be adapted to detect edges with one- and two-dimensional discrete data, with noisy data, and with incomplete spectral information. The main feature is concentration kernels which enable us to convert global spectral moments into local information in physical space. To reconstruct f with high accuracy we discuss novel families of mollifiers and filters. The main feature here is making these mollifiers and filters adapted to the local region of smoothness while increasing their accuracy together with the dimension of the data. These mollifiers and filters form approximate delta functions which are properly parametrized to recover f with (root-) exponential accuracy.
The potential effect of iron defortification on iron-deficiency anaemia in the US population
Authors: Tao Min , Pelletier David L , Miller Dennis D 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the potential effect of iron defortification in the USA on iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA).MethodsMonte Carlo models were built to simulate iron nutrition in the US population. A hypothetical cohort of 15 000 persons from the general population was used in 15-year simulations to compare the prevalence of IDA with and without fortification.ResultsWith iron fortification, the prevalence of IDA was 2.4% for children aged 3–5 years, 5.4% for women aged 20–49 years, and 0.14% for men aged 20–49 years. The corresponding IDA estimates under iron defortification were 4.5%, 8.2% and 0.46%, respectively. Defortification had little effect on the distribution of iron indicators at or above the 50th percentile within each of these three groups and little effect on the distributions of iron indicators among adult men.ConclusionIron defortification is likely to increase IDA among children and women of reproductive age, but is not likely to have meaningful effects on the iron status of men or the majority of women and children.
American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG). Clinical trials include:
ACOSOG Z1031: A randomized phase III trial comparing 16–18 weeks of neoadjuvant exemestane (25mg daily), letrozole (2.5mg), or anastrozole (1mg) in postmenopausal women with clinical stages II and III estrogen receptor positive breast cancer.ACOSOG Z0010: A prognostic study of sentinel node and bone marrow micrometastases in women with clinical T1 or T2 N0 M0 breast cancer.ACOSOG Z0011: A randomized trial of axillary node dissection in women with clinical T1–2 N0 M0 breast cancer who have a positive sentinel node.
Breast European Adjuvant Studies Team (BREAST)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by Breast European Adjuvant Studies Team (BREAST). Clinical trials include:
An intergroup phase III trial to evaluate the activity of docetaxel, given either sequentially or in combination with doxorubicin, followed by CMF, in comparison to doxorubicin alone or in combination with cyclophos-phamide, followed by CMF, in the adjuvant treatment of node-positive breast cancer patients. BIG 02-98/TAX 315HERA: A randomized three-arm multi-centre comparison of 1 year and 2 years of Herceptin versus no Herceptin in women with HER2-positive primary breast cancer who have completed adjuvant chemotherapy. BIG 01-01/B016348Adjuvant trial with lapatinib and trastuzumab* (BIG) *trial title/acronym not available at time of publication.
Finnish Breast Cancer Group (FBCG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by Finnish Breast Cancer Group (FBCG). Clinical trials include:
Comparison of vinorelbine versus docetaxel, and trastuzumab versus no trastuzumab as adjuvant treatments of early breast cancer. FinHer studyRandomized phase III study comparing single-agent docetaxel followed by 5-FU, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC) to docetaxel plus Xeloda followed by cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and Xeloda (CEX) as adjuvant treatment for early breast cancer. FinXX StudyA multicenter phase III open randomised trial of the efficacy of exercise in the prevention of long-term adverse effects of adjuvant treatments and breast cancer recurrences in women with primary breast cancer. BREX 01-2004 Study
International Collaborative Cancer Group (ICCG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by International Collaborative Cancer Group (ICCG). Clinical trials include:
Epirubicin plus tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone in postmenopausal node-positive primary breast cancer. C/4/87Adjuvant cyclophosphamide methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) versus 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC) in premenopausal node-positive primary breast cancer. (CMF/FEC N+). C/2/84Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) versus 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC) in women with node-negative, poor-risk primary breast cancer. C/6/89Adjuvant FEC50 versus FEC75 with or without the additional benefit of sequential hormone therapy (HT) in node-positive premenopausal primary breast cancer. C/9/91High-dose therapy with PBCS support in primary breast cancer. C/10/92 – C/32/96Randomized double-blind trial in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer who have received adjuvant tamoxifen for 2–3 years, comparing subsequent adjuvant exemestane treatment with further tamoxifen. BIG 02-97/Study No. 96 OEXE 031-C/13/96A multicentre-randomized trial of sequential epirubicin and docetaxel versus epirubicin in node-positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients. C/14/96A phase III multicentre double-blind randomized trial of celecoxib versus placebo in primary breast cancer patients. An intergroup study from the International Collaborative Cancer Group and the German Breast Group (GBG). BIG 1-03 – ICCG/C/20/01 – GBG 27
Japan Breast Cancer Research Group (JBCRG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by Japan Breast Cancer Research Group (JBCRG). Clinical trials include:
Study of CEF-DOC as primary systemic chemotherapy for operable breast cancer.Study of FEC-DOC100 as primary systemic chemotherapy for operable breast cancer.DOC-FEC as primary systemic chemotherapy.
Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG). Clinical trials include:
Docetaxel and vinorelbine plus filgrastim with weekly trastuzumab for HER-2 positive, stage IV breast cancer. S0215Phase III trial of continuous schedule AC + G versus q 2-week schedule AC, followed by paclitaxel given either q 2 weeks or weekly for 12 weeks as post-operative adjuvant therapy in node-positive or high-risk node-negative breast cancer. S0221Phase III randomized trial of anastrozole versus anastrozole and fulves-trant as first line therapy for postmenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. S0226Phase III trial of LHRH analog administration during chemotherapy to reduce ovarian failure following chemotherapy in early stage, hormone-receptor negative breast cancer. S0230Phase III trial of bisphosphonates as adjuvant therapy for primary breast cancer. S0307Phase II trial of simple oral therapy (continuous oral cyclophosphamide and capecitabine) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. S0430A phase II study of goserelin plus anastrozole for the treatment of male patients with hormone-receptor positive metastatic or recurrent breast cancer. S0511Randomized placebo-controlled biomarker modulation trial using celecoxib in premenopausal women at high risk for breast cancer. Phase IIb. S0300
West Midlands Breast Group (WMBG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by West Midlands Breast Group (WMBG). Clinical trials include:
aTTom – adjuvant Tamoxifen Treatment – offer more?Sequencing of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in adjuvant breast cancer. SECRABA phase III randomized trial of gemcitabine in paclitaxel-containing, epirubicin-based, adjuvant chemotherapy for women with early stage breast cancer. tAnGoTamoxifen and Exemestane Adjuvant Multicentre trial TEAMNeoadjuvant trial of preoperative exemestane or letrozole ± celecoxib in the treatment of ER positive postmenopausal early breast cancer NEO-EXCELA neoadjuvant study of sequential epirubicin + cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel ± gemcitabine in the treatment of high risk early breast cancer with molecular profiling, proteomics and candidate gene analysis. Neo-tAnGo
West German Study Group (WSG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by West German Study Group (WSG). Clinical trials include:
WSG and AGO-Mamma Intergroup Study: Randomized phase III trial of EC-Doc: adjuvant chemotherapy of breast carcinoma with 1–3 positive lymph nodes. (AM02)WSG Study: Randomized phase III trial of adjuvant CEF/TAC chemotherapy +/− Darbepoetin alfa for patients with primary breast cancer and more than 3 positive axillary lymph nodes. ARA Plus (AM03)ICE – Study: Ibandronate with or without capecitabine in elderly patients with early breast cancer. BIG 4-04 / GBG 32. (see also description under GBG)
Yorkshire Breast Cancer Research Group (YBCRG)
Authors:   The Breast International Group
Published: April 2007

This section provides current contact details and a summary of recent or ongoing clinical trials being coordinated by Yorkshire Breast Cancer Research Group (YBCRG). Clinical trials include:
Does adjuvant zoledronic acid reduce recurrence in patients with high risk localized breast cancer? – The AZURE Trial. BIG 1-04Cost-effective use of BISphosphonates in metastatic bone disease: A comparison of bone MARKer directed zoledronic acid therapy to a standard schedule – The BISMARK Trial.
Laboratory simulation of UV irradiation from the Sun on amino acids. I: irradiation of tyrosine
Authors: Scappini F. , Casadei F. , Zamboni R. , Monti S. , Giorgianni P. , Capobianco M.L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on water solutions of tyrosine (HO—C6H4—CH2—CHNH2—COOH) have been investigated using a Xe lamp in the region 200–800 nm. This is a step in laboratory simulation towards reproducing the action of the Solar radiation on the building blocks of life, specifically α-amino acids, in the primitive Earth anoxic conditions. Results are presented showing the photostability of tyrosine against different UV doses. Degradation products partly maintain life building capability and partly do not. A tendency towards structure complexification was observed. The analysis of the irradiated tyrosine solutions was conducted using various spectroscopic and analytic techniques. The laboratory results are discussed in the light of a primordial life-emerging scenario.
Increased frequencies of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in acute dengue infection
Authors: Lühn Kerstin , Simmons Cameron P. , Moran Edward , Dung Nguyen Thi Phuong , Chau Tran Nguyen Bich , Quyen Nguyen Than Ha , Thao Le Thi Thu , Van Ngoc Tran , Dung Nguyen Minh , Wills Bridget , Farrar Jeremy , McMichael Andrew J. , Dong Tao , Rowland-Jones Sarah 
Published: April 2007

Dengue virus infection is an increasingly important tropical disease, causing 100 million cases each year. Symptoms range from mild febrile illness to severe hemorrhagic fever. The pathogenesis is incompletely understood, but immunopathology is thought to play a part, with antibody-dependent enhancement and massive immune activation of T cells and monocytes/macrophages leading to a disproportionate production of proinflammatory cytokines. We sought to investigate whether a defective population of regulatory T cells (T reg cells) could be contributing to immunopathology in severe dengue disease.
CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ T reg cells of patients with acute dengue infection of different severities showed a conventional phenotype. Unexpectedly, their capacity to suppress T cell proliferation and to secrete interleukin-10 was not altered. Moreover, T reg cells suppressed the production of vasoactive cytokines after dengue-specific stimulation. Furthermore, T reg cell frequencies and also T reg cell/effector T cell ratios were increased in patients with acute infection. A strong indication that a relative rise of T reg cell/effector T cell ratios is beneficial for disease outcome comes from patients with mild disease in which this ratio is significantly increased (P &lt; 0.0001) in contrast to severe cases (P = 0.2145). We conclude that although T reg cells expand and function normally in acute dengue infection, their relative frequencies are insufficient to control the immunopathology of severe disease.
A simple algorithm locates β‐strands in the amyloid fibril core of α‐synuclein, Aβ, and tau using the amino acid sequence alone
Authors: Zibaee Shahin , Makin O. Sumner , Goedert Michel , Serpell Louise C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFibrillar inclusions are a characteristic feature of the neuropathology found in the α‐synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Familial forms of α‐synucleinopathies have also been linked with missense mutations or gene multiplications that result in higher protein expression levels. In order to form these fibrils, the protein, α‐synuclein (α‐syn), must undergo a process of self‐assembly in which its native state is converted from a disordered conformer into a β‐sheet‐dominated form. Here, we have developed a novel polypeptide property calculator to locate and quantify relative propensities for β‐strand structure in the sequence of α‐syn. The output of the algorithm, in the form of a simple x‐y plot, was found to correlate very well with the location of the β‐sheet core in α‐syn fibrils. In particular, the plot features three peaks, the largest of which is completely absent for the nonfibrillogenic protein, β‐syn. We also report similar significant correlations for the Alzheimer's disease‐related proteins, Aβ and tau. A substantial region of α‐syn is also of converting from its disordered conformation into a long amphipathic α‐helical protein. We have developed the aforementioned algorithm to locate and quantify the α‐helical hydrophobic moment in the amino acid sequence of α‐syn. As before, the output of the algorithm, in the form of a simple x‐y plot, was found to correlate very well with the location of α‐helical structure in membrane bilayer‐associated α‐syn.
Inter‐ring communication allows the GroEL chaperonin complex to distinguish between different substrates
Authors: van Duijn Esther , Heck Albert J.R. , van der Vies Saskia M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe productive folding of substrate proteins by the GroEL complex of Escherichia coli requires the activity of both the chaperonin rings. These heptameric rings were shown to regulate the chaperonins' affinity for substrates and co‐chaperonin via inter‐ring communications; however, the molecular details of the interactions are not well understood. We have investigated the effect of substrate binding on inter‐ring communications of the chaperonin complex, both the double‐ring GroEL as well as the single‐ring SR1 chaperonin in complex with four different substrates by using mass spectrometry. This approach shows that whereas SR1 is unable to distinguish between Rubisco, gp23, gp5, and MDH, GroEL shows clear differences upon binding these substrates. The most distinctive binding behavior is observed for Rubisco, which only occupies one GroEL ring. Both bacteriophage capsid proteins (gp23 and gp5) as well as MDH are able to bind to the two GroEL rings simultaneously. Our data suggest that inter‐ring communication allows the chaperonin complex to differentiate between substrates. Using collision induced dissociation in the gas phase, differences between the chaperonin(substrate) complexes are observed only when both rings are present. The data indicate that the size of the substrate is an important factor that determines the degree of stabilization of the chaperonin complex.