bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flamenco and Spanish Dance
Authors: Thomas Katherine 
Published: February 2008

There is so much information available on flamenco in music books and magazines, on video and DVD inserts and film covers, compact disc jackets, and especially the Internet that it is difficult to determine what materials are worthwhile and reliable. In the world of flamenco, artists' and aficionados' opinions are inclined to be subjective. Given flamenco's exoticized nature juxtaposed with its current drive toward modernity, one wonders where the truth lies.The biggest problem has been that Spanish and flamenco dance scholarship often contains questionable opinions and observations, as is the case in the book Flamenco, edited by Claus Schreiner, with contributions on Baile Flamenco by Schreiner and Marion Papenbrok (Schreiner 1990). There is some good material here on flamenco dancing, but it is tainted by a lack of understanding of flamenco dance history, for example, when Schreiner ponders “what is to be made of Carlos Saura's [films] Carmen [Piedra 1984/1986] or Blood Wedding? No matter how well Antonio Gades and his troupe dance in these films…they have little to do with true flamenco” (Schreiner 1990, 31).
Dancing Democracy
Authors: Daly Ann 
Published: February 2008

Our panel, on “Dancing Democracy,” was conceived and organized this spring and summer, well before September 11. The New School turns out to be a prime location for the topic, and its unanticipated urgency, given the proximity of the New School to ground zero and its historical connection with the self-consciously democratic endeavor of modern dance. This was a genre that sought to distinguish itself as a democratic art form, in response to the perceived elitism of the European ballet. It was here at the New School in the 1930s that dance classes, recitals, and a now-famous series of lecture-demonstrations helped to cohere the young modern dance community.Talk of dance and democracy has crystallized again 60-some years later, the result of a convergence of three intellectual and artistic trends.First, there is the growing concern that a people once known for their civic associations are now, as sociologist Robert Putnam famously put it, “bowling alone.” Political philosophers such as Benjamin Barber have been analyzing the theory and practice of civil society as fundamental to the operation of what he terms “strong democracy.” We don't have to make an either-or choice, Barber tells us, between the purely public space of an invasive government and the purely private space of a crassly commercialized market.
The Return of Hephaistos, Dionysiac Processional Ritual and the Creation of a Visual Narrative
Authors: Hedreen Guy 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe return of Hephaistos to Olympos, as a myth, concerns the establishment of a balance of power among the Olympian gods. Many visual representations of the myth in Archaic and Classical Greek art give visible form to the same theme, but they do so in a manner entirely distinct from the manner in which it is expressed in literary narratives of the tale. In this paper, I argue that vase-painters incorporated elements of Dionysiac processional ritual into representations of the return of Hephaistos in order to articulate visually the principal theme of the myth. The vase-painters structured the myth along the lines of epiphanic processions in which Dionysos was escorted into the city of Athens. Like Dionysiac epiphanic processions, the procession of Hephaistos, Dionysos and the wine-god's followers is distinguished visually by drunkenness, ostentatious display of the phallus and obscene or insulting behaviour. To judge from the aetiological myths associated with them, the epiphanic processions symbolized the triumph of Dionysos over, and his belated acceptance by, those who denied his status as a god. By structuring the visual representations of the return of Hephaistos along the lines of such Dionysiac processions, artists conveyed visually the idea that the myth also concerned the triumph of a god over those who rejected him, and his acceptance among the Olympians. It is not necessary to assume that the vase-painters relied on a detailed poetic account of the myth to create their representations of it, because they employed elements of religious spectacle, an inherently visual phenomenon, to convey the essence of the story.
Judging Athenian Dramatic Competitions
Authors: Marshall C.W. , Willigenburg Stephanie van 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a new model for how the voting worked at the Athenian dramatic competitions, and demonstrates its viability mathematically. Previous proposals have either failed to take full account of the ancient sources or have not considered all the possible permutations of judging results. As is generally recognized, ten votes were cast, but in most circumstances not all were counted. Sections I–IV consider the tragic competition at the Dionysia, in which three competitors vied for the prize. For the questions we consider, two likely cases are examined (when the votes are divided 4–3–3 and 5–3–2), then a random distribution covering all possible cases, and finally the situation when two competitors are favoured against a third (when the votes are divided 5–5–0, 5–4–1 and 4–4–2). Section I presents the proposal and situates it within the Athenian cultural context. Section II asks how many lots are typically drawn before a victory is obtained. Section III considers how other places are determined. Section IV introduces the question of ‘fairness’: does the person who receives the most votes actually win? Section V considers adjudication for comedies and at the Lenaia. Section VI considers dithyrambic competitions.
Bayesian identifiability and misclassification in multinomial data
Authors: Swartz Tim B. , Haitovsky Yoel , Vexler Albert , Yang Tae Y. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe authors consider the Bayesian analysis of multinomial data in the presence of misclassification. Misclassification of the multinomial cell entries leads to problems of identifiability which are categorized into two types. The first type, referred to as the permutation‐type nonidentifiabilities, may be handled with constraints that are suggested by the structure of the problem. Problems of identifiability of the second type are addressed with informative prior information via Dirichlet distributions. Computations are carried out using a Gibbs sampling algorithm.
Goodness‐of‐fit methods for matched case‐control studies
Authors: Arbogast Patrick G. , Lin Danyu Y. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe authors propose graphical and numerical methods for checking the adequacy of the logistic regression model for matched case‐control data. Their approach is based on the cumulative sum of residuals over the covariate or linear predictor. Under the assumed model, the cumulative residual process converges weakly to a centered Gaussian limit whose distribution can be approximated via computer simulation. The observed cumulative residual pattern can then be compared both visually and analytically to a certain number of simulated realizations of the approximate limiting process under the null hypothesis. The proposed techniques allow one to check the functional form of each covariate, the logistic link function as well as the overall model adequacy. The authors assess the performance of the proposed methods through simulation studies and illustrate them using data from a cardiovascular study.
Equiangular polygons
Authors: Ball Derek 
Published: February 2008

The defining property of a rectangle is that it is a quadrilateral whose angles are all equal (or are right angles, which amounts to the same thing).The opposite sides of a rectangle are equal. If a and b are the lengths of adjacent sides of a rectangle, such a rectangle can be described as an abab rectangle (or an (ab)2 rectangle). The area of the rectangle is ab.As far as I understand the latest version of the national curriculum and the new A level syllabuses, which make no serious reference to irrational numbers, students leaving school will not necessarily know that there are two sorts of rectangle: those coverable by a set of identical squares, which can therefore be drawn on squared paper; and those not, such as the golden rectangle. An (ab)2 rectangle is coverable by squares if, and only if, a/b is rational.
Squares in triangles
Authors: Wetzel John E. 
Published: February 2008

When can a triangle cover a square? More precisely, when can a square of side s fit into a triangle with sides a, b, c?Questions about when, and whether, one shape can fit into another are fundamental to the elementary study of shapes in geometry, and yet such questions have only rarely been considered in the literature. In 1872 Cayley thought the question of determining precisely when a given triangle fits into a given circle sufficiently interesting that he posed it as a problem in the Educational Times. In 1956 Ford asked when one given rectangle fits in another given rectangle. A necessary and sufficient condition on the sides was soon supplied by Carver (see also Wetzel). The corresponding question for two triangles, asked in 1964 by Steinhaus, went unanswered for thirty years until Post supplied a set of 18 inequalities on the six sides whose disjunction is both necessary and sufficient.
Peak numbers
Authors: Mingus Tabitha T. Y. , Grassl Richard 
Published: February 2008

Two recent problems appearing in die September 1997 and September 1999 issues of the NCTM publication Mathematics Teacher asked the following:A. An integer is called decreasing if each digit is less than the one to its left. Determine the number of decreasing integers between 2000 and 7000.B. A 5-digit integer is a peak number if its digits strictly increase to the middle one then strictly descend. Determine the number of 5-digit peak numbers that are greater than 70,000.
Managers’ Double Fiduciary Duty: to Stakeholders and to Freedom
Authors: Kaufman Allen 
Published: February 2008

Abstract:In providing an ethical guide for managers, the Clarkson Principles offer one part of a possible professional code, namely, that managers have a fiduciary duty—a duty of loyalty of the corporation’s stakeholders. However, the Clarkson Principles contain little advise for managers when they act politically to fashion the regulatory framework in which stakeholders negotiate. When managers participate in these arenas, I argue that they ought to assume a second fiduciary duty—a duty of loyalty to fair bargaining. Where the first duty of loyalty pertains to the firm’s “constituents,” the second refers to the firm’s “constitution”—to the rules by which the firm’s stakeholders bargain and to the background conditions that distribute advantages. Together, these two fiduciary duties establish the large good—development as freedom—from which a managerial profession can mature.
Fulfilling Institutional Responsibilities in Health Care: Organizational Ethics and the Role of Mission Discernment
Authors: Gallagher John A. , Goodstein Jerry 
Published: February 2008

Abstract:In this paper we highlight the emergence of organizational ethics issues in health care as an important outcome of the changing structure of health care delivery. We emphasize three core themes related to business ethics and health care ethics: integrity, responsibility, and choice. These themes are brought together in a discussion of the process of Mission Discernment as it has been developed and implemented within an integrated health care system. Through this discussion we highlight how processes of institutional reflection, such as Mission Discernment, can help health care organizations, as well as corporations, make critical choices in turbulent environments that further the core mission and values and fulfill institutional responsibilities to a broad range of stakeholders.
Total Quality Management and the Silent Patient
Authors: Mills Ann E. , Rorty Mary V. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract:This essay examines the impact of the imposition of businesses techniques, in particular, those associated with Total Quality Management, on the relationships of important components of the health care delivery system, including payers, managed care organizations, institutional and individual providers, enrollees, and patients. It examines structural anomalies within the delivery system and concludes that the use of Total Quality Management techniques within the health care system cannot prevent the shift of attention of other components away from the enrollee and the patient, and may even contribute to it. It speculates that the organization ethics process may serve as a quality control mechanism to prevent this shift and so help eliminate some of the ethically problematic processes and outcomes within the health care delivery system.
Repetition, Innovation, and Representation in Don Messer’s Media Repertoire
Authors: Rosenberg Neil V. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCanadian fiddler Don Messer saved a massive collection of personal documents that enable researchers to examine questions of repertoire, including definition, use, and meaning. The contrast between his relatively well-documented "old-time" media repertoire and the less-documented "modern" dance repertoire underscores the selective nature of the process of canon formation.
An inexpensive method to test for mercury vapor in herbarium cabinets
Authors: Hawks Catharine , Makos Kathryn , Bell Deborah , Wambach Paul F. , Burroughs G. Edward 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMercuric chloride has been used for control of insect and fungal infestations in herbarium collections for over two centuries. One of the lasting effects of this use is the long­term evolution of elemental mercury vapor from treated specimens. The vapor can contaminate untreated specimens sharing the same closed environment and can pose a human health hazard. By modifying the technique for use of a commercially available mercury indicating powder (Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc., J. T. Baker Mercury Indicator) it is possible to create an inexpensive and fairly rapid test for mercury vapor in herbarium cabinets. The indicator is mixed with deionized water and applied to glass microscope slides. One or more slides are placed inside a cabinet and any color change in the indicator is compared to unexposed controls. In the authors’ experiments, the indicator results were compared against readings taken using a Jerome 431­X Mercury Vapor Analyzer and a Lumex RA­915+ Multifunctional Mercury Analyzer and were found to be broadly related to the concentration of mercury vapor present in each cabinet. The method can be used to check for mercury contamination in incoming shipments of specimens and to identify cabinets that currently contain or formerly contained contaminated specimens. Practical safety guidelines have been developed for accessing cabinets that give a positive test for the vapor and for handling contaminated specimens.
Harpochilus neesianus and other novel cases of chiropterophily in neotropical Acanthaceae
Authors: Vogel Stefan , MacHado Isabel Cristina , Lopes Ariadna Valentina 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFloral adaptation to pollination by bats is rare in Acanthaceae and only known from neotropical species. Two novel cases are described in detail from field observations. Harpochilus neesianus, a shrub endemic in NE Brazil, with long emergent thyrses, was seen being regularly visited by hovering glossophagine bats (Glossophaga soricina). Its large, pale lemon­green corollas are strongly bilabiate, a shape uncommon in the syndrome. The lower lip segments are recurved and the upper lip is reduced to a narrow, arcuate, tubular organ serving to support stamens and style. A sour, cabbage­like odour is released, and copious nectar is secreted by a voluminous disk. Pollen is transferred by the bat's upper, rear surface. Anthesis is confined to a single night. Chiropterophily in Ruellia eurycodon is deduced from the floral syndrome. The flowers of this shrub, studied in Goyás, Central Brazil, share the same features as Harpochilus except for the corolla shape, which conforms to the "short bell type" frequent in neotropical bat flowers. Based on literature sources, bat pollination is also predicted for Ruellia malaca and R. exostemma from Venezuela. The occurrence of this floral type in other genera of the family is briefly surveyed.
Actinocephalus (Körn.) Sano (Paepalanthus sect. Actinocephalus), a new genus of Eriocaulaceae, and other taxonomic and nomenclatural changes involving Paepalanthus Mart.
Authors: Sano Paulo Takeo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPaepalanthus Mart., the largest genus of Eriocaulaceae, has been shown to be polyphyletic by all the phylogenetic analyses performed so far in the family. After intensive and extensive field work and an analysis of various characters in a recent revision of Paepalanthus section Actinocephalus (Körn.) Ruhland, I encountered consistent evidence that this group should be elevated to generic status. This proposal, meant to bring a better comprehension of this group within the family, is supported by the phylogenetic analyses of Giulietti et al. (1995, 2000) that show the group to be monophyletic. Actinocephalus (Körn.) Sano, as proposed here, contains 28 species. The necessary nomenclatural changes are made for the new status, with 28 new combinations proposed, 17 new synonyms, eight lectotypifications, five stati novi and one new name. Actinocephalus (Körn.) Sano is characterized principally by inflorescences composed of capitula in umbels and in having a geographic range restricted to Brazil.
Taxonomy of the Euphrasia transmorrisonensis (Orobanchaceae) complex in Taiwan based on nrITS
Authors: Wu Ming-Jou , Huang Tseng-Chieng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSpecies delineation in Euphrasia has long been a challenge for taxonomists. In this paper, DNA sequences are used to evaluate the morphological taxa of Taiwanese Euphrasia as well as to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship among them. ITS sequences of 147 samples of Euphrasia, one Aeginetia, and one Pedicularis from Taiwan along with nine samples of Euphrasia from abroad were studied. Six non­native species of Section Euphrasia were used as outgroups and 14 haplotypes from four taxa of Taiwanese Euphrasia , E. tarokoana Ohwi, E. nankotaizanensis Yamam., E. transmorrisonensis Hayata, and E. transmorrisonensis var. durietziana (Ohwi) T.C. Huang & M.J. Wu, served as the ingroup to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree according to the criterion of maximum parsimony. Based on the phylogenetic tree, three monophyletic haplotype lineages of the ingroup were obtained, closely correlating with geographical distributions (with some overlap in adjacent regions). However, plants of different taxa are found in the same lineage. Lineage I includes all four Taiwanese taxa, whereas lineage II includes two taxa, E. transmorrisonensis, and E. transmorrisonensis var. durietziana . Lineage III includes three taxa: E. nankotaizanensis , E. transmorrisonensis, and E. transmorrisonensis var. durietziana. Different taxa share a common haplotype. Euphrasia nankotaizanensis , E. transmorrisonensis , and E. transmorrisonensis var. durietziana share haplotype E; E. nankotaizanensis and E. transmorrisonensis share haplotype D; and E. transmorrisonensis and E. transmorrisonensis var. durietziana share haplotypes G and N. The shared haplotypes may reflect retained ancestral polymorphisms at a neutral locus (ITS) through a series of recent speciation events (lineage sorting). The nucleotide additivities are found frequently among taxa. For example, the A+B additivity pattern of E. tarokoana and E. transmorrisonensis var. durietziana could reflect hybridization. Nucleotide additivity also provided insight into reticulate relationships among populations within and between taxa. Lineage sorting and hybridization might be mechanisms driving speciation in Taiwanese Euphrasia, resulting in retention of morphology and adaptation to distinct habitats. According to ITS evidence, we reconfirm four taxa of Euphrasia in Taiwan.
Systematic relationships in southern African Oxalis L. (Oxalidaceae): congruence between palynological and plastid trnL­F evidence
Authors: Oberlander Kenneth C. , Dreyer Leanne L. , Bellstedt Dirk U. , Reeves Gail 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn the most recent morphology­based taxonomic classification of African Oxalis L., 206 species were recognized in nine indigenous southern African sections. A subsequent palynological review of these taxa conflicted with their taxonomic classification. In the present study, phylogenetic relationships within section Angustatae subsection Lineares are re­assessed, using plastid trnL­F non­coding DNA sequence data. The results of this study clearly indicate that, based on the DNA evidence, subsection Lineares is non­monophyletic. Previously hypothesized relationships within the subsection are also refuted. In contrast, molecular and palynological data are highly congruent, and both differ substantially from the current morphological classification for subsection Lineares.
Typification of two Linnaean names in Araceae: Arum proboscideum L. and Arum muscivorum L. f.
Authors: Galán Mera Antonio , Castroviejo Santiago 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAs part of a study of Iberian and Balearic Araceae, two Linnaean names, Arum proboscideum L. and A. muscivorum L. f., are lecto­ and neotypified, respectively.
A phylogenetic study of the tribe Sipaneeae (Rubiaceae, Ixoroideae), using trnL–F and ITS sequence data
Authors: Delprete Piero G. , Cortés–B Rocio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe genera of tribe Sipaneeae have been either included within tribe Rondeletieae or treated as its sister tribe, and historically placed in subfamily Cinchonoideae. The herbaceous habit was the only character used to separate Sipaneeae from Rondeletieae. Recent molecular phylogenies included Maguireothamnus, Sipanea, Sipaneopsis, and Neobertiera in Sipaneeae, and positioned the tribe in subfamily Ixoroideae. These results stimulated a detailed analysis of this tribe and an evaluation of the position and delimitation of several genera believed to be related because of their morphological similarity. Our study indicates that tribe Sipaneeae is monophyletic, and confirms its placement within Ixoroideae. The Sipaneeae clade included Chalepophyllum, Dendrosipanea, Limnosipanea, Maguireothamnus, Neobertiera, Sipanea, and Sipaneopsis. Several genera of this group are small shrubs, and the woody habit is shown to be basal in Sipaneeae. Sipanea and Limnosipanea are shown to be monophyletic and not sister taxa, indicating that the herbaceous habit evolved two times in the tribe. Sequences of Steyermarkia, Pteridocalyx and Neblinathamnus were not available in this study, but because of overall morphological similarity with the genera of Sipaneeae, they are tentatively included in the tribe.