bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of IgG and IgM receptors on human peripheral natural killer cells measured on the level of the single effector cell
Authors: Jondal Mikael , Merrill Jean E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing an agarose single‐cell cytotoxicity assay simultaneously with the antibodycoated ox erythrocyte assay for detecting Fc receptor (FcR)‐positive cells, the number of natural killer (NK) cells in fresh human peripheral blood which bear FcR for IgG or IgM have been determined. Of the target binding cells (TBC) which form conjugates with NK‐sensitive target cell lines Molt 4, 1301 and Hd‐Mar. 55% had FcR for IgG and 24% had FcR for IgM. In the active NK cell population, which amounts to about 6% in nylon wool column‐passed peripheral lymphocytes, cells with FcR for IgG account for 60% and cells with FcR for IgM for 17% of the total killing. Even though there is an increase in the number of FcR‐IgM‐positive cells from fresh peripheral blood after overnight incubation at 37°C, no increase was found in FcR‐IgM‐positive NK cells. The reasons why FcR for IgM have not been described earlier on human NK cells are discussed, as well as the functional implications of these and their probable expression on other types of cytotoxic effector cells.
Enhancement of monocyte thromboplastin activity by antigenically stimulated lymphocytes: a link between immune reactivity and blood coagulation
Authors: van Ginkel Cornelis J. W. , Zeijlemaker Willem P. , Stricker Liesbeth A. M. , Oh Johannes I. H. , van Aken Willem G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmune reactions are often associated with fibrin deposition. The mechanisms that lead to this fibrin formation have not yet been clarified.In this study, we show that mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from donors with a high proliferative response to protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) have on average 2.5 to 15‐fold more thromboplastin (TP) activity, both exposed and intracellularly, compared with MNL from low responder after 4, 7 and 11 days of culture in the presence of PPD. This difference was not observed between the two groups of donors when PPD was omitted from the culture medium. Further evidence for a specific enhancement of the leukocyte TP activity can be derived from the about 4‐fold increase in TP activity of the bilateral mixed leukocyte culture relative to the individually cultured controls after 7 days of incubation.TP activity was associated selectively with the monocytes in a PPD‐stimulated culture of MNL. The PPD‐specific enhancing effect on the leukocyte TP activity could be transferred by soluble factor(s) from stimulated lymphocytes to purified monocytes, which suggests that the effect is, at least partially, mediated by lymphokine(s).
Lymphoblastogenesis stimulates proliferation of interacting Lyt1 T cells in a syngeneic system
Authors: Reimann Jörg , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Diamantstein Tibor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe intravenous transfer of polyclonally activated lymphoblasts elicited a proliferative response of host‐derived Lyt1 T cells in the spleens of syngeneic recipient mice. These Lyt1 T cells (responding in vivo to a syngeneic lymphoblast graft) stimulated proliferation of resting, syngeneic splenic Lyt1 T cells, derived from uninjected mice, in a one‐way syngeneic mixed lymphocyte culture in vitro. The data are discussed in the context of T cell activation induced by lymphoblastogenesis in a syngeneic system.
Evidence for immediate hypersensitivity phenomena in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis
Authors: de Kozak Yvonne , Sainte‐Laudy Jean , Benveniste Jacques , Faure Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence is presented for the involvement of immediate hypersensitivity phenomena in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis, an ocular inflammatory disease induced in Lewis rats by injection of the purified S antigen from bovine retina. Several parameters at various dates after immunization have been studied. In vivo degranulation of choroidal mast cells, in vitro degranulation of peritoneal mast cells in the presence of S antigen and cutaneous anaphylaxis were observed as early as 6–8 days after immunization. Serum antibodies were detected by passive hemagglutination from day 7 on. These phenomena preceded the onset of the ocular inflammation, consisting of a transient polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, a long‐lasting lymphoid cell infiltration and extensive damage to the retina and surrounding tissues. Such time course of events may suggest a role for reaginic antibody as a trigger for vascular changes in the target ocular tissue, favoring the development of inflammatory lesions.
Transglutaminase as a marker for subsets of murine macrophages
Authors: Schroff Gotthard , Neumann Christine , Sorg Clemens 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransglutaminase was detected either at the single cell level by fluorescent staining with dansylcadaverine or in cell homogenates by incorporation of [14C] putrescine into α‐casein. In the mouse it was found that erythrocytes, granulocytes, thymocytes or lymphocytes with or without concanavalin A stimulation were negative in the fluorescence test. Normal peritoneal washout macrophages and peritoneal exudate cells stained positive to varying degrees (induced with mineral oil 64%, with thioglycollate 50%, with proteose peptone 22%, normal washout 1%). Macrophages from bone marrow liquid cultures were 20% positive at day 3 and 100% at day 17. Promonocytes and monocytes were negative. Positively stained cells also phagocytosed opsonized sheep erythrocytes. The degree of staining varied considerably in the macrophagelike cell lines IC21 (100%), J774.2 (75%), P388‐D1 (50%). This result and those from autoradiography studies indicate that expression of transglutaminase is not associated with the S‐phase of the cell cycle. The fluorescence test correlates quantitatively with the [14C] putrescine incorporation test. The enzyme is Ca2+‐dependent and appears neither to be on the outer cell surface nor being released into the culture medium. Circumstantial evidence indicates that it is also not compartmentalized in cytoplasmic vesicles. While the induction and modulation of enzyme expression is still under study, it is concluded that transglutaminase is a new marker for macrophages of a certain differentiation or activation state.
Lack of age‐associated auto‐anti‐idiotypic antibody regulation in mucosal‐associated lymph nodes
Authors: Szewczuk Myron R. , Campbell Rita J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has previously been shown that the loss of immune competence in the splenic B cell population with age may be due to auto‐anti‐idiotypic antibody regulation (M. R. Szewczuk and R. J. Campbell, Nature 1980. 286: 164). In the present study we have investigated the appearance of auto‐anti‐idiotypic antibody on immune B cells from the mucosal‐associated lymph nodes of old and young mice of the same strain. Various aged C57BL/6J male mice were immunized with 500 μg trinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin (TNP‐BGG) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) intraperitoneally. IgM, IgG and IgA anti‐TNP plaque‐forming cell (PFC) responses in the spleen, mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes were assayed for anti‐idiotype‐blocked, hapten‐augmentable PFC, 14 days later. It was found that 8 months or older C57BL/6J male mice produced a significantly high percentage of hapten‐augmentable IgM, IgG and IgA anti‐TNP PFC in the spleen. In contrast, there was a lack of hapten‐augmentable anti‐TNP PFC in the mesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes with increasing age of the animal. Mice receiving antigen in the footpads and base of the tail also produced a significantly high percentage of hapten‐augmentable IgG PFC in the draining peripheral lymph nodes. TNP‐ε‐amino‐n‐caproic acid (EACA) as hapten was shown to specifically augment anti‐TNP PFC. Immune sera from 15‐month‐old mice caused a specific inhibition of anti‐TNP PFC in vitro. The inhibition of plaque formation was completely reversible by addition of TNP‐EACA as hapten. This PFC inhibitory activity in immune sera lacked anti‐TNP antibody activity, but reacted with anti‐TNP antibody of C57BL/6J origin. Immune sera from 8 month or older mice also revealed anti‐(anti‐TNP F(ab')2 IgG) titer as assayed by passive hemagglutination. Thus, the results of this study indicate a division of the immune system into regulatory compartments. Auto‐anti‐idiotypic antibody may be involved in a down‐regulation of systemic responses but with no apparent effect in the mucosal‐associated lymph nodes.
F4/80, a monoclonal antibody directed specifically against the mouse macrophage
Authors: Austyn Jonathan M. , Gordon Siamon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA hybridoma clone which secretes a macrophage (MΦ)‐specific monoclonal antibody, F4/80, was produced by fusing spleen cells from a rat hyperimmunized with cultured thioglycollate‐induced mouse peritoneal MΦ with a mouse myeloma, NS1. Binding of antibody to primary cells and cell lines was detected by radioimmune indirect binding assay, autoradiography or fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analysis. F4/80 binds to mouse MΦ from the peritoneal cavity or other sources, blood monocytes, MΦ derived from bone marrow precursors in culture and MΦ‐like cell lines, but not to other cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes or fibroblasts. F4/80 does not bind to MΦ via Fc receptors, is not cytotoxic and is of the rat IgG2b subclass. Since F4/80 binds to all MΦ defined by adherence, morphology and immune phagocytosis, it provides a new marker to define the MΦ in the mouse. Large differences in expression of antigen F4/80 were found, depending on intraperitoneal stimulation, time in culture and stage of maturation. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the antigen F4/80 is part of a component of Mr 160000 which is synthesized by the MΦ and, at least in part, exposed on the cell surface.
The killing of newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis by eosinophil peroxidase in vitro
Authors: Buys Jannie , Wever Ron , van Stigt Rien , Ruitenberg E. Joost 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHelminth infections in mammals are characterized by a high level of eosinophils in parasitized tissues and blood, and it has recently been suggested that these cells have a direct parasiticidal effect. Newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis can be killed within 20 min by incubation at room temperature in a cell‐free system, including purified human eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), H2O2 and chloride at pH 5.5. Killing was measured by microscopic observation of the larvae. The larvicidal effect was dependent on each component of the EPO/H2O2/Cl− system and could be prevented by using SO42− instead of Cl−. Killing was totally inhibited by sodium azide and catalase, and substantially by bovine serum albumin, a protein that is an effective scavenger for HOCI. Since larvae could also be killed directly by HOCI under these conditions and EPO is able to oxidize Cl− to hypochlorous acid, it is very likely that the larvicidal effect of the EPO system is due to formation of hypochlorous acid. It is proposed that in vivo, the combination of EPO, which is exocytosed onto the surface of the parasite, and H2O2, which is generated by stimulated eosinophils, is responsible for the larvicidal effect.
Modulation of concanavalin A‐induced lymphocyte stimulation by human low‐density lipoproteins
Authors: Waelti Ernst R. , Glueck Reinhard , Hess Max W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen lymphocytes and T cells were stimulated by concanavalin A in the presence of various concentrations of human low‐density lipoproteins (LDL). The proliferative responses were measured by [14C]thymidine incorporation. Low LDL doses (5–50 μg/ml) significantly enhanced the stimulation of splenic lymphocytes and T cells. Further, LDL had the capacity to partially relieve the suppression produced by supraoptimal doses of concanavalin A.
Marginal zones: the major B cell compartment of rat spleens
Authors: Kumararatne Dinakantha S. , Bazin Hervé , MacLennan Ian C. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe marginal zones of rat and human spleens are a broad band of cells, which surround the small lymphocyte areas of the white pulp. Staining for acid phosphatase and α‐naphthyl acetate esterase activity indicates that the majority of cells in this compartment are intermediate‐sized lymphocytes. Macrophages only form a minor component. Using quantitative histology, it is shown that the marginal zones are the largest white pulp compartment in terms of volume. They contain approximately as many lymphocytes as the small lymphocyte zones. The cells of the marginal zone are strongly C3‐ and Fc receptor‐positive. While the cells of this zone have demonstrable surface membrane Ig, it is difficult to exclude that this is not passively absorbed. Other means were therefore sought to determine the lineage of lymphocytes in this area. First, the cells in this zone do not bear appreciable quantities of the rat T cell selective antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody W313. Second, marginal zone cells are present in normal numbers in congenitally athymic “nude” rats. Finally, marginal zones do not become populated with lymphocytes in rats treated from birth with anti‐μ antibody. Further experiments showed that marginal zone lymphocytes do not recirculate.
Monoclonal vs. heterogeneous anti‐H‐8 antibodies in the analysis of the anti‐phosphorylcholine response in BALB/c mice
Authors: Kearney John F. , Barletta Raul , Quan Zoe S. , Quintáns José 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiological activities of monoclonal A/J antibodies to the T15 idiotype in BALB/c mice were compared to heterogeneous antibodies raised by conventional immunization procedures. Two monoclonal antibodies, AB1‐2 and GB4‐10, which are of the γ1,ϰ class, appeared to have identical specificities by binding criteria and reacted similarly to conventional antibodies in their abilities to induce neonatal suppression, inhibit plaque‐forming cell induction by phosphorylcholine (PC) antigens and to inhibit specifically, anti‐PC plaque‐forming cells. However, in functional analyses of anti‐PC responses in various strains of mice, discrepancies were noted in the T15 responses as defined by monoclonal antibodies and conventional antisera. This heterogeneity was also observed in adult mice suppressed with the GB4‐10 monoclonal antibody. These animals eventually produced an anti‐PC response of AB1‐2 idiotype but lacking the GB4‐10 marker.These results show that the T15 IgM anti‐PC response in BALB/c and other strains of mice is heterogeneous and probably consists of a family of clones. Particular clones can be precisely eliminated by the use of appropriate monoclonal antibodies, and the anti‐PC response that eventually recovers is still T15+ but lacking the suppressed clones.
Analysis of antigen‐specific, Ig‐restricted cell‐free material made by I‐J+ Ly‐1 cells (Ly‐1 TsiF) that induces Ly‐2+ cells to express suppressive activity
Authors: Yamauchi Katsumi , Murphy Donal , Cantor Harvey , Gershon Richard K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA set of T cells defined by a unique profile of cell surface alloantigens (phenotype Ly‐1+2−; Qa‐1+; I‐J+) produces biologically active cell‐free material(s) (Ly‐1 TsiF) which induces another T cell set (cell surface phenotype Ly‐1,2+; I‐J+; Qa‐1+) to participate in the suppression of primary immune responses to heterologous erythrocytes. The suppression is specific for the inducing antigen, and the Ly‐1 TsiF binds antigen in a specific way. The activity of Ly‐1 TsiF can be removed by anti‐I‐J immunosorbents and will not be expressed if the functional producer and acceptor cells do not share gene products that are encoded in or are tightly linked to the VH portion of the Ig complex. There is no requirement for the Ly‐1 TsiF and its acceptor cell(s) to share major histocompatibility complex gene products.Thus, for optimal induction of antigen‐specific suppression by cell‐free materials from Ly‐1 T cells, three necessary conditions must be met: (a) antigen recognition by Ly‐1 TsiF; (b) the expression of I‐J gene products and (c) identity of VH‐linked Ig locus gene products (or other products influenced by those genes) on both the inducer molecule and its acceptor cell. The role of the Ig‐linked restriction is particularly intriguing, and its possible meaning is considered in detail.
Natural killer activity of gut mucosal lymphoid cells in mice
Authors: Tagliabue Aldo , Luini Walter , Soldateschi Dario , Boraschi Diana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntraepithelial lymphoid cells (IEL) obtained from the mucosa of mouse small intestine were tested for natural killer (NK) activity in a 20‐h 51Cr‐release assay against YAC‐1 and RL♂ 1 tumor cells. It was found that IEL possess a strong NK activity, higher than spleen cells, whereas lymphocytes from Peyer's patches (PPL) did not show any NK activity. The cytotoxic activity of IEL could be boosted by interferon (IFN‐β) treatment, but no NK activity could be induced in PPL by in vitro IFN‐β treatment. The characteristics of the NK effector cells present in the mouse intestine strictly resemble those of NK cells in the spleen. In fact, intestinal NK activity is not affected by depletion of adherent cells and only partially reduced by anti‐Thy‐1.2 antibodies plus complement. Moreover, the age dependency of NK cytotoxicity is identical for IEL and spleen. Finally, NK‐insensitive target cells are not lysed by IEL.
Inferferon induced in human leukocytes by concanavalin A: isolation and characterization of γ‐ and β‐type components
Authors: van Damme Jozef , De Ley Marc , Claeys Hendrik , Billiau Alfons , Vermylen Carl , De Somer Piet 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInterferon (IFN) was induced in suspensions of fresh human leukocytes by incubation with concanavalin A (Con A). The crude supernatant was concentrated and partially purified by adsorption to silicic acid and elution with an ethylene glycol (EG)‐containing buffer. The EG eluate was shown to contain two antivirally active components (tentatively called 22K and 45K), separable from each other by gel filtration. The 45K component was strictly species specific, relatively sensitive to acid (pH 2) and poorly neutralized by anti‐human IFN‐β(HuIFN‐β) antibody. In all probability, it predominantly contained (a) molecular variant(s) of human γ‐type IFN (HuIFN‐γ). The 22K component was acid resistant and serologically indistinguishable from HuIFN‐β prepared from fibroblasts. However, in contrast to the latter, it had little activity on bovine kidney cells and no activity on human HEp‐2 and monkey Vero cells. A preparation with the same properties was obtained by substituting glycine buffer (pH 2) for EG in the elution of Con A‐induced IFN from silicic acid. This IFN failed to adsorb to a zinc chelate column, while HuIFN‐β from fibroblasts can easily be purified by affinity chromatography on this type of column. It was concluded that the Con A‐induced IFN contained an acid‐resistant component of apparent molecular weight 22000 serologically related to classical HuIFN‐β but differing by certain physicochemical and biological criteria.
Defective induction of antigen‐reactive proliferating T cells in B cell‐deprived mice
Authors: Ron Yacov , De Baetselier Patrick , Gordon Julius , Feldman Michael , Segal Shraga 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice were injected from day of birth onward with rabbit anti‐mouse IgM antiserum or purified rabbit anti‐mouse IgM antibodies. These mice completely lacked Ig‐positive cells or serum Ig, as analyzed by specific fluoresceinated antibodies on the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS‐II), by polyclonal B cell mitogens and by specific precipitation in agar. These animals were then primed in vivo by antigen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, and, subsequently, their draining lymph nodes were tested for their T cell proliferative responses in vitro, to the relevant antigen and were found to be severely impaired. However, the antigen‐presenting capacity of both spleen cells and thioglycollate‐induced peritoneal cells was found to be intact.
Cell surface phenotype of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors in aged nude mice
Authors: Maryanski Janet L. , MacDonald H. Robson , Sordat Bernard , Cerottini Jean‐Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cell surface phenotype of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL‐P) in congenitally athymic C57BL/6 nu/nu mice has been investigated. CTL‐P were detected and quantitated in a limiting dilution mixed leukocyte microculture assay system supplemented with interleukin 2. Minimal estimates of the frequency of CTL‐P among nylon wool passed (NWP) nude spleen cells were obtained following elimination of Thy‐1‐bearing or Lyt‐2‐bearing cells with monoclonal antibodies plus complement. Alternatively, NWP spleen cells bearing Thy‐1 or Lyt‐2 were positively selected on a cell sorter and assayed for CTL‐P frequency. Both positive and negative selection techniques demonstrated that essentially all (>98%) CTL‐P in NWP nude spleen expressed Thy‐1 and that the majority (80–90%) expressed Lyt‐2. In control NWP spleen cells from normal C57BL/6 mice, > 98% of CTL‐P were positive for both Thy‐1 and Lyt‐2. These data demonstrate that most functional alloreactive CTL‐P developing in the apparent absence of thymic influence already express both Thy‐1 and Lyt‐2 prior to exposure to antigen.
Activation of mouse complement by monoclonal mouse antibodies
Authors: Neuberger Michael S. , Rajewsky Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of monoclonal mouse IgM, IgD and IgG anti‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl) acetyl (NP) antibodies to activate mouse complement was studied using a hemolytic assay. Efficient hemolysis was obtained with IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 antibodies but no lysis was observed using a monoclonal IgD. Of several IgG1 antibodies tested, three gave no detectable hemolysis, although weak but significant hemoloysis was obtained with two other IgG1. IgM was found to be powerfully hemolytic in that it was effective at lower concentrations than were IgG. However, using complement from mouse strains carrying the H‐2k haplotype it was found that, under conditions of complement limitation and saturating antibody, a fixed amount of complement could lyse about 3 to 4 times as many IgG‐coated sheep red cells as IgM‐coated red cells. This discrimination between IgM and IgG as regards the efficiency of complement utilization is controlled by a gene in the S region of H‐2 and is not apparent with complement from mice carrying the b, d or s allele at that locus.
T helper cells change their Lyt‐1,2 phenotype during an immune response
Authors: Thomas D. B. , Calderon R. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence is presented that T helper cells change their Lyt‐1,2 phenotype, from Lyt‐1+2− to Lyt‐1−2+, during a secondary response. In a secondary adoptive transfer the Lyt phenotype of carrier‐primed T cells was established before and after secondary challenge using monoclonal antibodies and both positive and negative selection in the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter. In a carrier‐primed donor, the T helper cells were Lyt‐1+2− whereas 3 days after boosting the majority were Lyt‐2+, and resistant to treatment with anti‐Lyt‐1 and complement. Parking experiments in lethally irradiated recipients confirmed that Lyt‐2+ T helper cells were generated from Lyt‐2− precursors. In a primary response, both Lyt‐2− and Lyt‐2+ T helper cells were present 4 to 20 days after immunization. Therefore T helper cells do not exhibit invariant expression of the Lyt‐1,2 alloantigens.