bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equinor Leads Project To Turn Ubiquitous Drill Cuttings Into Precious PVT Samples
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: April 2024

They were told it wouldn’t work.
But in a new study, experts at Equinor and Applied Petroleum Technology (APT) suggest they are on the brink of using contaminated drill cuttings to predict critical reservoir fluid properties.
The two Norwegian firms believe their project will soon make it possible to treat cuttings, collected from each well, as if they were pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) samples, which are collected from a significantly smaller share of wells due to the risks and high cost of doing so.
Since its inception in 1972, Equinor has drilled over 5,000 offshore wells, from which just over 2,000 PVT samples have been gathered.
Given that only two or three good samples are taken from most wells—almost always exploration wells—a significant data gap exists for the remainder, most of which are the subsequent development wells. And each year, Equinor drills around 20 to 25 new wells, mostly near existing platforms.
If oil and gas firms could obtain PVT-like results from cuttings alone, they would presumably gain more precise guidance on where to place new wells along with insights on facility/topside design, reservoir management, and eventually on the plugging and abandonment phase.
The big obstacle Equinor and APT are trying to surmount centers on how rock cuttings are soaked in oil-based muds (OBMs) as they circulate up the wellbore before being collected from a shale shaker. The oil ends up masking the reservoir’s hydrocarbons, rendering traditional geochemistry methods ineffective.
What Equinor has shown in its study is that problem can be circumvented to obtain reliable estimates of API gravity and viscosity, two defining aspects of reservoir fluid quality and flow potential. Several more outputs are in the works.
Tao Yang, an industry-recognized reservoir expert and chief professional at Equinor, said when he spoke with geochemists in the company about the project nearly 2 years ago, they were decidedly dubious.
“They gave us a warning at the beginning and said that this was a very difficult area, that the cuttings were too dirty, and that we probably wouldn’t get anything out of them,” he said.
But what few in the upstream industry knew at the time is that there existed a technology that can overcome the contamination issue—and it has been around for decades. Invented in the 1960s, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) absorbance detection, or simply GPC-UV, is used primarily by the chemicals sector for polymer analysis.
The GPC aspect separates molecules based on their size as they flow through a gel-filled column. The smaller molecules take the longest to pass through while the larger molecules move more rapidly—the opposite of how most geochemistry assays work.
As the molecules move down the column, they are exposed to UV light. Depending on their chemical structure, each molecule will absorb light at varying intensities which in turn can be measured and used to detect the presence of various compounds, including those indicative of oil.
Efficient Plug Milling and Cleaning Solution with Customized Slim Hole Bottomhole Assembly for Recompleted Wells – A Case History
Authors: Unnikrishnan Vikram , Navin Guruswami 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In North America, refracturing existing fracked shale wells, is carried out by installing smaller liners with the already proven success of using frac plugs for zonal isolation. Post stimulation, intervention operation is carried out to remove the plugs via milling on coiled tubing. Due to restricted Internal Diameter (ID) of the smaller liner, it was critical to deploy slim hole downhole tools which is fishable but still allows higher flow rate capacities with lowest pressure drops to maximize clean out efficiency.
Smaller casing/liner, smaller Coiled Tubing (CT) Outer Diameter (OD), higher wellhead pressures, higher circulating pressures, smaller OD Bottomhole Assembly/s (BHA), tougher frac plugs etc. make wellbore cleanout more challenging than a newly completed well. Under normal circumstances, a 2" OD CT in a smaller casing/liner ID, should be able to provide the desired Weight on Bit (WOB) for millout, however in this case based on modelling, it was determined that an extended reach tool would be required to achieve the objective.
This paper will discuss the steps incorporated to configure slim hole BHA at higher flow rates, which includes the workover motor and the extended reach tool, to successfully remove frac plugs inside refrac liner. Several dynamometer flow tests on the motors were conducted at higher than published design flow rate and post disassembly inspections were made to ensure the motor maintained full integrity and reliability at higher flow rates. The extended reach tool vendor modified the tool for higher flow rate capacity to provide maximum traction force.
This tailor-made approach eliminated the need for a diverter sub, historically used in these applications to achieve higher flow rates of ~2.6 Barrels Per Minute (BPM). Excluding the diverter sub, assured no compromise to the motor's power delivery, or the traction force of the extended reach tool. By maintaining 2.6 BPM, it increased annular velocities by 30% resulting in improved solid transport for efficient clean out in three wells each with ~ 16,500 ft Measured Depth (MD). This approach has resulted in an overall time saving of 65 hours to the operator compared to previous jobs allowing to save up to $130k USD in three well pad with average wellhead pressures of 4,000 psi inside 3-1/4" 7.9 lb/ft liner.
Development and Internal Validation of a Novel Pre-Transplant Biomarker Panel to Predict Post-Transplant Mortality in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Panayotova Guergana G. , Simonishvili Sopio , Nguyen Duc T. , Graviss Edward A. , Aware Nikita , Manner Carl J. , Minze Laurie J. , Ayorinde Tumininu , Qin Yong , Jin Lianhua , Lemenze Alexander , Mysore Krupa R. , Moore Linda , Paterno Flavio , Saharia Ashish , Mobley Constance M. , Amin Arpit , Hobeika Mark J. , Pyrsopoulos Nikolaos , Li Xian C. , Guarrera James V. , Ghobrial R. Mark , Lunsford Keri E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Current scoring systems accurately predict risk of pre-liver transplant (LT) mortality but fall short in estimation of post-LT survival. This study seeks to identify biomarkers of pre-LT immune dysfunction that predict mortality following LT.
Methods
From 10/1/13 − 3/23/21, 279 cirrhotic patients underwent assessment of plasma biomarker (Luminex) and clinical variables immediately prior to LT (T0).
Results
Cox-proportional hazards modeling identified HCV IgG, Fractalkine, and MMP3 as multivariate predictors of 1-year mortality, with covariate selection by clinical importance and LASSO methodology. These were utilized to comprise the novel Liver Immune Frailty Index (LIFI), which stratifies recipients into -low, -moderate, and –high risk tertiles. One-year mortality was 1.4%, 12.7%, and 58.3% for LIFI-low, -moderate, and -high, respectively. Internal validation through bootstrap resampling with 2000 replicates demonstrates LIFI predicts early post-LT mortality with C-statistic = 0.84 and Brier score of 0.04. LIFI-high is not dependent upon HCV status. The relative contribution of the continuous variables in the LIFI calculation exceeded the discrete HCV IgG binary variable contribution. Stratification into either LIFI-high or moderate requires cumulative contribution of elevated MMP3 and Fractalkine levels. Excluding HCV IgG+ as a covariate similarly stratifies patients at high-, moderate-, and low-risk of early futility after LT based only on MMP3 and Fractalkine levels (C-statistic 0.83).
Conclusions
LIFI may identify patients at risk for persistent severe immune dysfunction and early mortality following LT.
An Advanced Bacterial Single-cell RNA-seq Reveals Biofilm Heterogeneity
Authors: Pu Yingying , Yan Xiaodan , Liao Hebin , Wang Chenyi , Huang Chun , Zhang Wei , Guo Chunming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In contrast to mammalian cells, bacterial cells lack mRNA polyadenylated tails, presenting a hurdle in isolating mRNA amidst the prevalent rRNA during single-cell RNA-seq. This study introduces a novel method, Ribosomal RNA-derived cDNA Depletion (RiboD), seamlessly integrated into the PETRI-seq technique, yielding RiboD-PETRI. This innovative approach offers a cost-effective, equipment-free, and high-throughput solution for bacterial single-cell RNA sequencing. By efficiently eliminating rRNA reads and substantially enhancing mRNA detection rates (up to 92%), our method enables precise exploration of bacterial population heterogeneity. Applying RiboD-PETRI to investigate biofilm heterogeneity, distinctive subpopulations marked by unique genes within biofilms were successfully identified. Notably, PdeI, a marker for the cell-surface attachment subpopulation, was observed to elevate cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) levels, promoting persister cell formation. Thus, we address a persistent challenge in bacterial single-cell RNA-seq regarding rRNA abundance, exemplifying the utility of this method in exploring biofilm heterogeneity. These findings advance our understanding of biofilm biology and offer insights for targeted therapeutic strategies against persistent bacterial infections.
Scale of sensitivity to bullshit: Development and evidence of validity in adult population
Authors: Ferrer-Urbina Rodrigo , Sepúlveda-Páez Geraldy , Rodríguez-Fuentes Bárbara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Research on misinformation has acquired great relevance in the era of social media given the massive social, sanitary and political impacts it has. In this context, fake information without any specific purpose (bullshit) is being spread with ease on social media. It is relevant to identify people's characteristics that could moderate the credibility that they give to misinformation. Sensitivity and receptivity to bullshit has evidence to be a relevant factor. However, despite the interest in this construct, the available instruments are scarce and generated from experimental expositions or ad hoc scales without enough psychometric support, which limits the development of related research. Hence, the purpose of this study was to develop a brief scale to be incorporated in large studies that contains evidence of reliability and validity to measure sensitivity to bullshit in the adult population. We conducted a psychometric study in general population, with a preliminary exploratory phase (n = 118) and a confirmatory phase (n = 603) using ESEM. The final instrument is constituted by 14 items and two dimensions (Sense and Nonsense). We present reliability evidence through McDonald’s omega along with internal validity evidence through ESEM. Furthermore, it has evidence of invariance between men and women and evidence of validity related to other variables (conspirations, paranormal beliefs, naive skepticism). Finally, we discussed the reaches and limitations of this instrument, as well as its possible application in social and health psychology.
Gamma oscillations induced by 40-Hz visual-auditory stimulation for the treatment of acute-phase limb motor rehabilitation after stroke: study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fu Wang , Yu Xiaomi , Lai Minhui , Li Yuanli , Yang Yiting , Qin Yong , Yu Min , Wang Feng , Wang Cong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

• Background
The incidence of hemiparetic limb dysfunction reaches 85% in stroke patients, emerging as a critical factor influencing their daily lives. However, the effectiveness of current rehabilitation treatments is considerably limited, particularly in patients with upper extremity impairment. This study aims to conduct a prospective clinical trial to validate the safety and effectiveness of gamma oscillations induced by 40Hz visual-auditory stimulation in treating post-stroke upper limb dysfunction and to explore the relevant mechanisms.
• Methods
This trial is a prospective, randomized-controlled, double-blind study. All enrolled patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group received intervention through 40-Hz visual-auditory stimulation, while the control group underwent intervention with randomly matched visual-auditory stimulation frequencies. The primary efficacy endpoint is the change in motor function. Secondary efficacy endpoints include motor-evoked potentials, cerebral hemodynamic changes, neural network connectivity, and alterations in synaptic-related genes. Safety evaluation included major adverse events, all-cause mortality, and photosensitive epilepsy. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, after a 14-day treatment period, and during subsequent follow-up visits (at 3 months and 6 months) post-treatment. The differences between the two groups will be compared.
• Discussion
This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of gamma oscillations induced by 40Hz visual-auditory stimulation in treating patients with upper extremity dysfunction after an acute cerebral stroke. Concurrently, we will explore potential mechanisms, including changes in synaptic-related genes and neural network connectivity. This trial is expected to provide evidence for the effectiveness of this new technique in treating upper extremity dysfunction after a stroke and improving patients’ quality of life.
Trial registration
The study protocol has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) under registration number ChiCTR2300076579 on October 12, 2023 (https://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojEN.html?proj=207189 ).
Effects of cassava root meal on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, organ and intestinal indices, and slaughter performance of yellow-feathered broilers
Authors: Yang Yajin , Lei Fuhong , Zhang Zubing , Liu Lily , Li Qingqing , Guo Aiwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

To investigate the effects of cassava root meal (CRM) on the growth performance, apparent digestibility, and organ and intestinal indices of broilers. A total of 140 one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatment groups [control diet (CT), 15% CRM (CRM15), 30% CRM (CRM30), and 45% CRM (CRM45)] with five replicates of seven birds per replicate. The Results showed that the body weight of broilers in the CRM groups was significantly lower than that in the CT group at 21 and 42 days of age, and the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in the CRM group were significantly lower than those in the CT group from 1 to 21 days of age. However, from days 22 to 42, there were no significant differences between CRM15 and CT birds regarding average daily gain and average daily feed intake. but there was no difference in feed conversion rate between the CRM15 and CT groups. At 42 days of age, there were no significant differences between CRM15 and CT birds in in body measurements, the slaughter performance and semi-evisceration ratio. The addition of CRM reduced the proportion of breast and thigh muscles during the feeding period, although we detected no significant difference between CRM15 and CT regarding the apparent digestibility of nutrients. Collectively, our findings indicate that 15% cassava was the optimal proportion for supplementing diets for broiler production.
Follow-up study to explore the relationship between Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and impaired fasting glucose: using the Group- Based Trajectory Modeling
Authors: Liu Xuekui , Peng GangShan , Liu Ran , Zang Xiu , Zou Caiyan , Sun Haojie , Zhu Qian , Geng Houfa , liang Jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and objective: Previous studies have reported an association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG), but the conclusions were controversial. A follow-up study in the real world can observe the occurrence of diseases and verify the relationship between NLR and IFG.
Methods: A total of 1,168 patients without prediabetes or T2DM were followed up for six years. At baseline, participants' NLR levels, fasting plasma glucose and other clinical characteristics were recorded. During the follow-up period, NLR levels and the prevalence of IFG were recorded. Ultimately, 45 individuals were lost to follow-up, leaving 1,123 participants for analysis. Using Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM), the sample was divided into three groups.
Results: The prevalence of IFG in the three groups was 12.1%, 19.4%, and 20.85%, respectively. Compared with the low-level NLR group, the hazard ratio of IFG in the moderate-level NLR group and high-level NLR group were 1.628 (1.109-2.390) and 1.575 (1.001-2.497), respectively, after adjusting for sex, age, and other variables. There was a significant interaction effect of BMI and NLR on the risk of IFG (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: In this real-world follow-up study, we observed a positive association between NLR and the risk of IFG, with this relationship being exacerbated by obesity status.
Evaluation of machine learning pipeline for blood culture outcome prediction on prospectively collected data in Western Australian emergency department
Authors: McFadden Benjamin , Inglis Timothy , Celenza Antonio , Reynolds Mark 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are particularly problematic in the emergency department (ED) of hospitals, where patients often present with undifferentiated illness, and the presence of BSI is hard to detect. Identifying whether a patient needs a blood culture (BC) test performed is one component of this challenge with implications for diagnostic efficiency, stewardship, and unnecessary resource expenditure. This paper explores the validation of previously developed machine learning (ML) models for BC outcome prediction using a prospectively collected ED patient dataset. An ML pipeline containing models previously trained using complete blood count (CBC), white blood cell differential (DIFF), and cell population data (CPD) generated by Sysmex XN-2000 haematology analysers was further evaluated using prospectively collected data containing patient sample results from the ED at Sir Charles Gairdner hospital (SCGH), Perth, Western Australia. Blood samples used to produce CBC,DIFF, and CPD were obtained at the same time as BC samples. There were 64 samples from 63 unique patients. 54 of those samples were associated with negative BC results, and 10 with positive BC results. We evaluated previously developed XGBoost (XG) and Random Forest (RF) ML models for positive BC outcome prediction. The RF and XG models obtained area under the receiver operating characteristic curve scores of 0.870 and 0.841 on the ED dataset. These results provide the foundation for further validation and shadow deployments of BC outcome prediction models in clinical settings. ML models,data, and code for reproducing the results presented in this work is provided in an open-source repository.
Estimation of cardinal temperatures for germination among Turgenia litifolia (L.) Hoffm and Datura stramonium L seeds.
Authors: Zeidali Ehsan , Hosseini Mojtaba , Alizadeh Yaser 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Modeling is necessary to better understanding of weed management. For this aim, Turgenia litifolia (L.) Hoffm and Datura stramonium L. as two important and problematic weeds germination in wheat and corn fields were compared under temperatures of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C in the germinator, controlled condition included the lighting (12.12 hours and the relative humidity with 30% as of two separate designs in completely randomized design with four replications in the Faculty of Agriculture of Ilam University. Two experiments were carried out twice, the data of the experiments were pooled for analysis, as there was no time-by treatment interaction. Four models, segmented, dent-like, beta and modified beta were used to describe germination changes with respect to temperature. The results showed that four models were significant for T. litifolia germination, and all models were significant on D. stramonium except the beta model. In T. litifolia, suitable germination models were dent-like and beta models. According to dent-like model, base temperature of T. litifolia; was Zero, the first optimum temperature; 15 degrees, optimal second; 29.5 degrees and maximum germination was estimated at 35 degrees. The suitable model for D. stramonium germination was also the segmented model. According the segmented model, the base temperature, optimum temperature and maximum germination were estimated to be zero, 29.7 and 35°C, respectively. Generally, experiment results showing that, for T. litifolia weed management in wheat field, appropriate time for herbicide application is in the range of 15.5–29°C and the appropriate time for D. stramonium management in corn field is mechanical, herbicide application or integrated weed management at time it is 29.7 degrees.
Dynamics of changes in dry and wet periods based on monthly precipitation in Western Polesie, Poland
Authors: GRZYWNA ANTONI , LIPIŃSKA HALINA 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In the article, daily rainfall values were used to analyse water conditions in Western Polesie. The SPI standardized precipitation index was calculated based on weighted averages from 1986–2015 for various periods. Based on time sequences for periods of 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, periods with different moisture levels were distinguished. It has been shown that the average frequency of dry and wet periods is 27.2 and 31.4%, respectively. Four intense drought periods were identified: 1990–1993, 2002–2006, 2007–2008, and 2019–2020. Drought was most often associated with deficient monthly and annual rainfall, 20 and 450 mm, respectively. Three wet periods were identified in 1997–1999, 2009–2011, 2013-14. Excess water was associated with high monthly rainfall above 150 mm. In the 21st century, there has been a statistically significant increase in the frequency of dry and wet periods and of longer duration.
Cr12MoV Mold Steel Milling Vibration Characteristics and Experimental Research
Authors: ZHAO Changlong , MA Hongnan , JIA Xiaoyu , ZHAO Qinxiang , ZHANG Zihao , DU Weilong , YU Zice , ZHANG Haifeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article sets up a three-dimensional model of the milling tool system, carries out modal analysis of the milling cutter with different overhangs of the tool system, and investigates the vibration patterns under different modes; conducts milling experiments on Cr12MoV mold steel, uses acceleration sensor equipment to measure the tool amplitude in the X, Y and Z directions during milling machining, and simulates and analyzes the amplitude in the three directions by response surface method, and establishes a regression model respectively, and uses ANOVA to verify the significance of the model, and finally obtains the optimal cutting parameters. A regression model was developed to verify the significance of the model using analysis of variance, and finally, the optimal cutting parameters were obtained. This study helps to further understand the interrelationship of various factors in the cutting process, provides positive theoretical analysis and practical guidance for metal cutting machining, provides strong support for improving machining efficiency and ensuring the quality of workpieces, and provides a useful reference for engineering practice in the field of precision machining.