bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progression of tremor and ataxia in male carriers of the FMR1 premutation
Authors: Leehey Maureen A. , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth , Min Sung‐Joon , Hall Deborah A. , Rice Cathlin D. , Zhang Lin , Grigsby Jim , Greco Claudia M. , Reynolds Ann , Lara Rebecca , Cogswell Jennifer , Jacquemont Sebastien , Hessl David R. , Tassone Flora , Hagerman Randi , Hagerman Paul J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPremutation alleles of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene give rise to a late‐onset movement disorder, fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), characterized by progressive intention tremor and gait ataxia, with associated dementia and global brain atrophy. The natural history of FXTAS is largely unknown. To address this issue, a family‐based, retrospective, longitudinal study was conducted with a cohort of 55 male premutation carriers. Analysis of the progression of the major motor signs of FXTAS, tremor and ataxia, shows that tremor usually occurs first, with median onset at ∼60 years of age. From the onset of the initial motor sign, median delay of onset of ataxia was 2 years; onset of falls, 6 years; dependence on a walking aid, 15 years; and death, 21 years. Preliminary data on life expectancy are variable, with a range from 5 to 25 years. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Family‐based association study of the restless legs syndrome loci 2 and 3 in a European population
Authors: Kemlink David , Polo Olli , Montagna Pasquale , Provini Federica , Stiasny‐Kolster Karin , Oertel Wolfgang , de Weerd Al , Nevsimalova Sona , Sonka Karel , Högl Birgit , Frauscher Birgit , Poewe Werner , Trenkwalder Claudia , Pramstaller Peter P. , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Zucconi Marco , Konofal Eric , Arnulf Isabelle , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Happe Svenja , Klein Christine , Hiller Anja , Lichtner Peter , Meitinger Thomas , Müller‐Myshok Betram , Winkelmann Juliane 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThree loci for the restless legs syndrome (RLS) on chromosomes 12q, 14q, and 9p (RLS1, RLS2, and RLS3) have been mapped, but no gene has been identified as yet. RLS1 has been confirmed in families from three different populations. We conducted a family‐based association study of 159 European RLS trios. The subjects were genotyped using microsatellite markers evenly covering the candidate regions on chromosomes 14q and 9p with an average intermarker distance of 1.1 cM. Transmission disequilibrium tests were used to analyze the data, and empirical P values were estimated by permutation testing. On chromosome 14q, a significant association (empirical P = 0.0033) was found with a haplotype formed by markers D14S1014 and D14S1017 when analyzing all families. On chromosome 9p, no significant association in the sample of all families and only marginally significant associations were detected, with a haplotype involving markers D9S1846‐D9S171 in a subset of South European trios and with a haplotype at D9S156‐D9S157 in a subset of Central European trios (P = 0.0086 and 0.0077, respectively). These results represent the first confirmation of these loci in a mixed European population. Variable results observed in families of different ethnic groups further corroborate the genetic complexity of RLS. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Phenomenology of dreams in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Borek Leora L. , Kohn Robert , Friedman Joseph H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) occurs in approximately one third of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with a loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep and aggressive dream content. We examined the dream characteristics of PD patients to determine whether dream content differed between patients with RBD and without RBD, men and women with RBD, and men and women with PD. One hundred‐twenty patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic PD were consecutively recruited from a movement disorders clinic and were assessed for RBD using clinical diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders Revised (2001). Verbatim dream content was obtained from each patient and categorized into dream themes that were coded into nominal categories. Fisher's exact tests determined whether particular dreams were correlated with RBD versus non‐RBD, men and women with RBD, and men and women with PD. RBD patients had a higher percentage of violent dreams compared to non‐RBD patients. There were no significant sex differences in the dream content of RBD patients. Men with PD had more aggressive dreams compared to females with PD. Aggressive dream content was characteristic of RBD patients and sex differences exist in the dream content of the PD population. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Chemistry and some biological effects of model melanoidins and pigments as Maillard intermediates
Authors: Hayase Fumitaka , Usui Teruyuki , Watanabe Hirohito 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVarious pigments were formed in the D‐xylose‐glycine reaction system. Blue pigments (Blue‐M1 and Blue‐M2) and red pigments (Red‐M1 and Red‐M2) were generated in the Maillard reaction. Blue‐M2 is presented to have been generated by the reaction between Blue‐M1, which involved two pyrrolopyrrole structures as the major blue pigment, and di‐D‐xyluloseglycine. We identified red pigments as the isomers of addition compounds of D‐xyluloseglycine to condensated compound between pyrroropyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde and pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde compounds. These pigments have polymerizing activities, suggesting that they are important Maillard reaction intermediates through the formation of melanoidins. Blue‐M1 as well as melanoidins effectively suppressed the peroxidation of linoleic acid. The scavenging activity toward Blue‐M1 on hydroxyl and DPPH radicals was also as strong as that of melanoidins. Furthermore, Blue‐M1 prevents the oxidative cell injury. Therefore, Blue‐M1 will be an antioxidant which protects against the oxidative stress in biological systems. Melanoidins induced IFN‐γ mRNA and IL‐12 mRNA expressions in spleen cells exposed to allergen and in macrophage‐like J774.1 cells, respectively. These findings suggest that melanoidins have suppressive effect on allergic reaction as a novel physiological effect.
Intervention with polyphenol‐rich fruit juices results in an elevation of glutathione S‐transferase P1 (hGSTP1) protein expression in human leucocytes of healthy volunteers
Authors: Hofmann Thomas , Liegibel Ute , Winterhalter Peter , Bub Achim , Rechkemmer Gerhard , Pool‐Zobel Beatrice Louise 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPolyphenols are probably antigenotoxic on account of their antioxidant activities and might alter phase I and II enzymes in a way that results in chemoprotection. We investigated the hypothesis that polyphenols enhance expression of glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs), which increases carcinogen detoxification and thereby provides protection against oxidative stress. HGSTP1 protein expression and GST polymorphisms were determined in leucocytes obtained during an intervention study with healthy subjects consuming two fruit juices in an 8 wk trial (polyphenol‐free run in phase, juice intervention phase, washout phase, second juice intervention phase, each treatment regime lasted for 2 wk). The study had originally shown that juice intervention significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage in leucocytes at week 8 (Bub, A., Watzl, B., Blockhaus, M., Briviba, K. et al., J. Nutr. Biochem. 2003, 14, 90–98). We reanalysed the levels of DNA damage based on GST genotypes. We also treated leucocytes in vitro with mixtures of polyphenols and determined cytotoxicity and expression of 96 genes related to drug metabolism. Key results with leucocytes of the intervention study were that the initial content of hGSTP1 protein was first suppressed at weeks 4 and 6. At week 8, however, hGSTP1 protein expression was significantly increased. HGSTP1 protein levels and DNA damage were inversely correlated (p = 0.005), but there was no difference for cells obtained from subjects with hGSTM1*1 and hGSTM1*0 genotypes, nor was there any difference between cells from subjects consuming the two different juices. The treatment of leucocytes with polyphenol mixtures in vitro did not result in modulated GST gene expression or total GST activity, but in an up‐regulation of other biotransformation enzymes (e. g., members of the cytochrom P450 and the sulphotransferase family). In conclusion, in vitro treatment of leucocytes led to a modulated mRNA expression of selected genes, not directly related to oxidative defence systems. In vivo, however, we observed a delayed enhancement of hGSTP1, which could be associated with an initial repression of oxidative DNA damage in leucocytes from human subjects, consuming juices with high levels of polyphenols.
Numerical investigation of the clogging mechanism in labyrinth channel of the emitter
Authors: Jun Zhang , Wanhua Zhao , Yiping Tang , Zhengying Wei , Bingheng Lu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEmitter clogging is a main factor affecting the performance of drip irrigation products. Considering the small size and intricacy of emitters, numerical methods are introduced to study the clogging mechanism of labyrinth channel in the emitter. A three‐dimensional numerical model of clogging analysis is addressed, where Reynolds stress model with wall function is used to simulate the fluid flow in the Eulerian frame, and stochastic trajectory model is adopted to track the motion of the particles in a Lagrangian co‐ordinate system without taking into account the agglomerating behaviour of particles. The analytical results show that in the labyrinth channel, low‐velocity region is developed ahead of each sawtooth and large vortex is shaped just behind it. Small particles are apt to deposit in those regions due to their better following behaviours than those of large ones. The potential clogging regions predicted by simulation are reasonably consistent with the experimental results. Further, it is also found that the particles ranging from 30 to 50 µm behave best when passing through the labyrinth channel, and particle densities have a remarkable effect on the penetration only when their diameters are large than 50 µm. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact quantum solutions of general driven time‐dependent quantum quadratic system
Authors: Fan Kaimin , Zheng Yujun , Ren Weiyi , Ding Shiliang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe studied the general time‐dependent linear and quadratic system via dynamical symmetries. In an algebraic framework, we obtained exact solutions of the evolution operators, propagators, and wave functions of the general time‐dependent linear and quadratic system. To illustrate our calculations, we discuss a few special cases, including a particle driven by a monochromatic electric field, and cases of oscillatory, linear, or monotonic with respect to the time of the quadratic system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Ab initio calculation of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya parameters: Spin–orbit GSO‐HF, DFT, and CI approaches
Authors: Takeda R. , Yamanaka S. , Shoji M. , Yamaguchi K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present ab initio methods to determine the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) parameter, which provides the anisotropic effects of noncollinear spin systems. For this purpose, we explore various general spin orbital (GSO) approaches, such as Hartree–Fock (HF), density functional theory (DFT), and configuration interaction (CI), with one‐electron spin–orbit coupling (SOC1). As examples, two simple D3h‐symmetric models, H3 and B(CH2)3, are examined. Implications of the computational results are discussed in relation to as isotropic and anisotropic interactions of molecular‐based magnets. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Approximate lower bounds of the Weinstein and Temple variety
Authors: Marmorino M. G. , Bauernfeind Ryan W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBy using the Weinstein interval or coupling the Temple lower bound to a variational upper bound one can in principle construct an error bar about the ground‐state energy of an electronic system. Unfortunately there are theoretical and calculational issues which complicate this endeavor so that at best only an upper bound to the electronic energy has been practical in systems with more than a few electrons. The calculational issue is the complexity of 〈H2〉 which is necessary in the Temple or Weinstein approach. In this work we provide a way to approximate the 〈H2〉 to any desired accuracy using much simpler 〈H〉‐like information so that the lower bound calculations are more practical. The helium atom is used as a testing ground in which we obtain approximate error bars for the ground‐state energy of [−2.904230, −2.903721] hartree using the variational energy with the Temple lower bound and [−2.919098, −2.888344] hartree for the Weinstein interval. For comparison, the slightly larger error bars using the exact value of 〈H2〉 are: [−2.904358, −2.903721] hartree and [−2.919765, −2.887677] hartree, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Identification of endogenous resolvin E1 and other lipid mediators derived from eicosapentaenoic acid via electrospray low‐energy tandem mass spectrometry: spectra and fragmentation mechanisms
Authors: Lu Yan , Hong Song , Yang Rong , Uddin Jasim , Gotlinger Katherine H. , Petasis Nicos A. , Serhan Charles N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResolvin E1 (RvE1, 5S,12R,18R‐trihydroxy‐6Z,8E,10E,14Z,16E‐eicosapentaenoic acid) is a novel anti‐inflammatory lipid mediator recently found in humans, mice, and fish in vivo. To identify endogenous RvE1 and other eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)‐derived lipid mediators using electrospray low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), the MS/MS product ion spectra of these compounds were correlated with their structures, and the MS/MS fragmentation mechanisms were studied. Deuterium labeling confirmed the proposed correlations and the fragmentation mechanisms. β‐cleavage was observed for RvE1, and β and γ cleavages were seen for leukotriene B5; however, α‐cleavage was more common. The positions and numbers of hydroxyls and double bonds of these lipid mediators can be deduced from the MS/MS spectra. The MS/MS fragmentation generating chain‐cut ions involved β‐ene, γ‐ene, or α‐H‐β‐ene rearrangement, depending on the specific structure. The m/z value of a detected chain‐cut ion from RvE1 or from an EPA‐derived product is equal to the corresponding hypothetical homolytic segment (cc, cm, mc, or mm) with the addition or extraction of up to two hydrogen atoms (H) from hydroxyls or an α‐carbon; namely, the m/z value of an α‐cleavage‐generated ion is equal to [cc+H], [cm−2H], [mc−H], or [mm]. Wideband activation increased the signal intensities of chain‐cut ions, and therefore was better for trace analysis of RvE1 in biological samples. RvE1, LTB5, PGE3, and other EPA‐derived lipid mediators were found in trout brain or head‐kidney via this approach on the basis of MS/MS spectra and fragmentation mechanisms. Negative ion electrospray low‐collision‐energy MS/MS spectra provide adequate data to elucidate and identify the structures of RvE1 and other EPA‐derived lipid mediators at levels below a few picomoles in trout samples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How much curriculum change is appropriate? Defining a zone of feasible innovation
Authors: Rogan John M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe article grapples with the question of how much curriculum change is appropriate in a given context and in a given time frame. How can a balance be struck between stagnation, on the one hand, and the promotion of unrealistic innovation on the other? In answer to this dilemma, the concept of a zone of feasible innovation (ZFI) is proposed and explored, drawing on the literature of school development, teacher professional development, and of developmental psychology, the work of Vygotsky in particular. A series of procedures are suggested to help define the nature and scope of a ZFI in any given situation. Finally, vignettes from case studies of innovation in science education are evoked to provide real‐life counterpoints to the theoretical constructs of the literature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed, 91:439–460, 2007
Hands on what? The relative effectiveness of physical versus virtual materials in an engineering design project by middle school children
Authors: Klahr David , Triona Lara M. , Williams Cameron 
Published: November 2006

Abstract“Hands‐on” activities play an important, but controversial, role in early science education. In this study we attempt to clarify some of the issues surrounding the controversy by calling attention to distinctions between: (a) type of instruction (direct or discovery); (b) type of knowledge to be acquired (domain‐general or domain‐specific); and (c) type of materials that are used (physical or virtual). We then describe an empirical study that investigates the relative effectiveness of the physical–virtual dimension. In the present study, seventh and eighth grade students assembled and tested mousetrap cars with the goal of designing a car that would go the farthest. Children were assigned to four different conditions, depending on whether they manipulated physical or virtual materials, and whether they had a fixed number of cars they could construct or a fixed amount of time in which to construct them. All four conditions were equally effective in producing significant gains in learners' knowledge about causal factors, in their ability to design optimal cars, and in their confidence in their knowledge. Girls' performance, knowledge, and effort were equal to boys' in all conditions, but girls' confidence remained below boys' throughout. Given the fact that, on several different measures, children were able to learn as well with virtual as with physical materials, the inherent pragmatic advantages of virtual materials in science may make them the preferred instructional medium in many hands‐on contexts. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach
Detecting spatial interactions in the ragweed (Ambrosia artemissifolia L.) and the ragweed beetle (Ophraella communa LeSage) populations
Authors: Yamanaka Takehiko , Tanaka Koichi , Otuka Akira , Bjørnstad Ottar N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe observed a weed (Ambrosia artemissifolia)–beetle herbivore (Ophraella communa) system for three years in a spatially continuous field (≈200 ha). We analyzed our field data in the light of two contrasting theories: the resource‐concentration hypothesis and reaction–diffusion theory. For the resource‐concentration hypothesis, we calculated the correlation coefficients between weed and beetle abundances for every season in each year. Although we found weak support for resource concentration in some seasons, we could not find any clear relationships in other seasons. We discuss a dispersal‐based mechanism to explain the differences observed among seasons in lieu of the resource‐concentration hypothesis. For the reaction–diffusion theory, we estimated the nonparametric spatial covariance functions for the spatial autocorrelation of weeds and beetles. Although we could not find any strong spatial structure for the individual species, we found evidence of spatial interactions between weeds and beetles using time lagged cross‐correlation functions. Weed abundance enhanced local beetle abundance. Through time, there was evidence of beetle spillover to adjacent locations at roughly the one beetle‐generation time scale. Sites with large number of beetles did not seem to reduce subsequent weed abundance.
Determination of iodine value with a fourier transform‐near infrared based global calibration using disposable vials: An international collaborative study
Authors: Cox R. , Lebrasseur J. , Michiels E. , Buijs H. , Li Hui , van de Voort F. R. , Ismail A. A. , Sedman J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method for the determination of iodine value (IV) by Fourier transform‐near infrared (FT‐NIR) spectroscopy was developed and evaluated in an international collaborative study. The FT‐NIR analyzer employed in this work uses disposable vials for sample handling and incorporates validation protocols designed to ensure that the calibration will give accurate results from analyzer to analyzer and stability over time without any further calibration development work. The global IV calibration was developed from over 1,200 animal, marine, and vegetable oils and fats, which were obtained on a number of different instruments worldwide. The Standard Error of Cross Validation measured from a range of 0–190 IV varied from ±0.2–1.4 IV (1 sigma). The repeatability for all models was on the order of 0.1 IV, which states that most of the error was inherited from the primary methods. Finally, an international interlaboratory study was carried out with 16 samples obtained from the AOCS Smalley Laboratory Proficiency Program and an oil processor. The average reproducibility error in any one lab was better than 0.15, and the average reproducibility between labs was better than 0.33. An uncertainty of 0.45 was calculated from the average FT‐NIR values obtained from the collaborative study vs. the AOCS Certified Wijs method (Cd 1d‐92).
Viscosity prediction for fatty systems
Authors: Rabelo Juliana , Batista Eduardo , Cavaleri Fl vio W. , Meirelles Antonio J. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractViscosity data have been measured as a function of temperature for two pure polyunsaturated fatty compounds (linoleic acid and trilinolein), for two multicomponent fatty systems, for a commercial‐grade oleic acid (approximately 80% pure), and for canola oil. The measurements were performed in Cannon Fenske glass capillary kinematic viscometers. The contents of a large data bank, containing viscosity data for saturated, monousaturated, and polyunsaturated pure fatty substances, were correlated by an equation based on the number of carbon atoms and double bonds. By using this equation for pure compounds and the UNIMOD group contribution method for mixtures, the viscosity data for model fatty systems, commercial oleic acid, and canola oil were predicted. The good results obtained in the present work indicate that this approach can be a valuable tool for designing or evaluating chemical process equipment for the oil industry.
Processing effects on the polyaromatic hydrocarbon content of grapeseed oil
Authors: Moret S. , Dudine A. , Conte L. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGrapeseed oil can occasionally have dangerous levels for human health of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) due to the drying process, which involves direct contact with combustion gases. Oil samples extracted from grapeseeds before and after drying were analyzed for their PAH content with a new, fast, bi‐dimensional liquid chromatography method. Samples collected before drying had relatively high PAH amounts; Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) content ranged from 0.9 to 2.4 ppb with an average of 1.4 ppb. The high contamination level found in the raw material is probably due to the practice of compacting pomace with bulldozers to reduce its volume before storage. The drying process did not significantly influence the light PAH content, but caused a large increase of the heavy fraction. BaP with an average content of 20.2 ppb, had the largest increase.