bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disynaptic and polysynaptic statocyst pathways to an identified set of premotor nonspiking interneurons in the crayfish brain
Authors: Fujisawa Kenichi , Takahata Masakazu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNonspiking giant interneurons (NGIs) in the crayfish brain occupy a key position in the neuronal circuit for eyestalk motor control and, hence, play a crucial role in the central compensation process following unilateral deprivation of the statocyst that functions as an equilibrium sensory system. The synaptic organization of their input pathways, however, remains unknown. In the present study we identified 11 local interneurons that were polysynaptically connected to NGIs by making simultaneous intracellular recordings. We also identified three other local interneurons that connected to NGIs monosynaptically. PLNI‐2 was a nonspiking interneuron making an excitatory synaptic connection to an NGI that had its cell body on the opposite side. PLSI was a spiking interneuron that made an inhibitory connection to an ipsilateral NGI. These cells were entirely confined to the protocerebrum. Another local spiking interneuron termed UGLI‐1 was found to make an excitatory connection with a contralateral NGI, extending dendrites in the anterior and posterior medial protocerebral neuropils and the lateral antenna I neuropil in the deutocerebrum where statocyst afferents project. When a depolarizing current was injected into the UGLI‐1, the frequency of discrete excitatory PSPs increased remarkably in the postsynaptic NGI, each PSP following the UGLI‐1 spike in one‐to‐one correspondence. The UGLI was previously reported to be activated monosynaptically by statocyst afferents. The present study thus finally demonstrates the tri‐synaptic organization of the statocyst‐to‐eyestalk motor neuron pathway in its simplest form, suggesting the critical role of the UGLI‐1 in the central compensation. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:560–572, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution of 26RFa binding sites and GPR103 mRNA in the central nervous system of the rat
Authors: Bruzzone Federica , Lectez Benoît , Alexandre David , Jégou Sylvie , Mounien Lourdes , Tollemer Hélène , Chatenet David , Leprince Jérôme , Vallarino Mauro , Vaudry Hubert , Chartrel Nicolas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe novel RFamide peptide 26RFa, the endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor GPR103, affects food intake, locomotion, and activity of the gonadotropic axis. However, little is known regarding the localization of 26RFa receptors. The present report provides the first detailed mapping of 26RFa binding sites and GPR103 mRNA in the rat central nervous system (CNS). 26RFa binding sites were widely distributed in the brain and spinal cord, whereas the expression of GPR103 mRNA was more discrete, notably in the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata, suggesting that 26RFa can bind to a receptor(s) other than GPR103. Competition experiments confirmed that 26RFa interacts with an RFamide peptide receptor distinct from GPR103 that may be NPFF2. High densities of 26RFa binding sites were observed in olfactory, hypothalamic, and brainstem nuclei involved in the control of feeding behavior, including the piriform cortex, the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, the paraventricular nucleus, the arcuate nucleus, the lateral hypothalamic area, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. The preoptic and anterior hypothalamic areas were also enriched with 26RFa recognition sites, supporting a physiological role of the neuropeptide in the regulation of the gonadotropic axis. A high density of 26RFa binding sites was detected in regions of the CNS involved in the processing of pain, such as the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the parafascicular thalamic nucleus. The wide distribution of 26RFa binding sites suggests that 26RFa has multiple functions in the CNS that are mediated by at least two distinct receptors. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:573–591, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incongruent effects of sad mood on self‐ conception valence: It's a matter of time
Authors: Sedikides Constantine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new hypothesis is proposed to account for the relation between sad mood and self‐ conception valence, the ‘first, congruency; then, incongruency’ hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, sad mood initially influences the valence of open‐ended self‐descriptions in a mood‐congruent fashion, but after a short period of time self‐descriptions become mood‐incongruent. Subjects were placed into a sad, neutral, or happy mood state, and were subsequently asked to freely describe themselves in writing. The results were consistent with the hypothesis. Sad mood affected the valence of the first half of self‐descriptions in a congruent manner, but affected the valence of the second half of self‐descriptions in an incongruent manner That is, with the passage of time sad mood led to increasingly positive self‐descriptions (i.e. equally positive as neutral mood did). Implications of the findings are discussed.
Stereotyping and contact with social groups: Measurement and conceptual issues
Authors: Biernat Monica , Crandall Christian S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to understand and integrate various meanings of the stereotype concept, we conducted a longitudinal study in which we measured subjects' stereotypes of various target groups using multiple measurement techniques: trait ascription (Likert scales), group differentiation (diagnostic‐ratio), and deviation from group consensus. The measures were compared with regard to (I) their sensitivity to variations over time and to expected differences between social groups, and (2) their associations with degree of group contact and liking. The data suggested that trait ratings were the best‐performing measures, in that they were quite effective in capturing cross‐sectional effects of group contact and liking and were reliable over time. The diagnostic ratio was less reliable and provided a weaker replication of these effects, and the deviation from consensus measure was most effective in establishing an important longitudinal effect — movement toward consensus with time. Suggestions for researchers concerning appropriate use of measures and conceptions of stereotyping are provided.
Amino acids: Aspects of impurity profiling by means of CE
Authors: Kopec Susanne , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: May 2007

AbstractQuality control of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is commonly performed by means of HPLC. However, CE offers a suitable alternative, especially for the analysis of easily chargeable substances, i.e., amino acids. The article reviews, on the one hand, CE methods developed for impurity profiling of synthesized amino acid analogs. However, nowadays, production of amino acids/peptides is dominated by fermentation. Therefore, on the other hand, CE methods for the analysis of amino acids and small peptides are reported. The results of CE analysis of glutathione samples according to the monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) 5.7 and amino acid samples after derivatization with 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) and 3‐(4‐carboxybenzoyl)quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) may pave the way for impurity profiling of fermentatively produced API by means of CE.
Hopping numerical approximations of the hyperbolic equation
Authors: Tkalich Pavel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPolynomial functions can be used to derive numerical schemes for an approximate solution of hyperbolic equations. A conventional derivation technique requires a polynomial to pass through every node values of a continuous computational stencil, leading to severe manifestation of the Gibbs phenomenon and strict time‐step limitation. To overcome the problem, this paper introduces polynomials that skip regularly (‘hop’ over) one or more nodes from the computational grid. Polynomials hopping over odd and even nodes yield a series of explicit numerical schemes of a required accuracy, with Lax–Friedrichs method being a particular simplest case. The schemes have two times wider stability interval compared to conventional continuous‐stencil explicit methods. Convex combinations of odd‐ and even‐node‐based updates improve further accuracy and stability of the method. Out of considered combinations (up to third‐order accuracy), derived odd‐order methods are stable for the Courant number ranging from 0 to 3, and even‐order ones from 0 to 5. A 2‐D extension of the hopping polynomial method exhibits similar properties. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The female genital morphology of the orb weaving spider genus Agriognatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)
Authors: Dimitrov Dimitar , Alvarez‐Padilla Fernando , Hormiga Gustavo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe female genital morphology of the spiders in the araneoid genus Agriognatha (Tetragnathidae) is described and illustrated. The female genitalia of Agriognatha is characterized by a strong reduction of the sperm storage organs (spermathecae) and by the presence of a specialized distal compartment of the median membranous chamber that functions as a sperm storage organ (the posterior sac). The genital morphology of Agriognatha species is unique among Tetragnathidae and it provides robust synapomorphic evidence for the monophyly of genus. We discuss the phylogenetic implications of these new findings for the placement and monophyly of Agriognatha and for the monophyly of Tetragnathinae. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cranial ontogeny in Philautus silus (Anura: Ranidae: Rhacophorinae) reveals few similarities with other direct‐developing anurans
Authors: Kerney Ryan , Meegaskumbura Madhava , Manamendra‐Arachchi Kelum , Hanken James 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDirect development has evolved in rhacophorine frogs independently from other anuran lineages, thereby offering an opportunity to assess features associated with this derived life history. Using a developmental series of the direct‐developing Philautus silus (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae) from Sri Lanka, we examine features of cranial morphology that are part of a suite of adaptations that facilitate feeding in free‐living tadpoles, but have been changed or lost in other direct‐developing lineages. Larval‐specific upper jaw cartilages, which are absent from many non‐rhacophorine direct‐developing species (such as Eleutherodactylus coqui), develop in embryos of P. silus. Similarly, lower jaw cartilages initially assume a larval morphology, which is subsequently remodeled into the adult jaw configuration before hatching. However, the cartilaginous jaw suspension and hyobranchial skeleton never assume a typical larval morphology. The palatoquadrate, which suspends the lower jaw, lacks the posterior connections to the braincase found in many metamorphosing species. Unlike in metamorphosing species, bone formation in P. silus begins before hatching. However, the sequence of bone formation resembles that of metamorphosing anurans more than that of other direct developers. In particular, P. silus does not exhibit precocious ossification of the lower jaw, which is characteristic of some frogs and caecilians that lack a free‐living tadpole. These data reveal some similarities between Philautus and other direct‐developing anurans. However, the departure of Philautus embryos from the generalized tadpole skeletal morphology is less pronounced than that observed in other direct‐developing taxa. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computable Real‐Valued Functions on Recursive Open and Closed Subsets of Euclidean Space
Authors: Zhou Qing 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we study intrinsic notions of “computability” for open and closed subsets of Euclidean space. Here we combine together the two concepts, computability on abstract metric spaces and computability for continuous functions, and delineate the basic properties of computable open and closed sets. The paper concludes with a comprehensive examination of the Effective Riemann Mapping Theorem and related questions.
On Regressive Isols and Comparability of Summands and a Theorem of R. Downey
Authors: Barback Joseph 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we present a collection of results related to the comparability of summands property of regressive isols. We show that if an infinite regressive isol has comparability of summands, then every predecessor of the isol has a weak comparability of summands property. Recently R. Downey proved that there exist regressive isols that are both hyper‐torre and cosimple. There is a surprisingly close connection between non‐recursive recursively enumerable sets and particular retraceable sets and regressive isols. We apply the theorem of Downey to show that among the regressive isols that are related to recursively enumerable sets there are some with a new property.
Polyaniline Microspheres Consisting of Highly Crystallized Nanorods
Authors: Park Myung‐Chul , Sun Qunhui , Deng Yulin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe preparation of self‐assembled polyaniline (PANi) microspheres via facile interfacial oxidation polymerization of aniline in the presence of DL‐tartaric acid dopant is reported. Compared with PANis reported in the literature, the PANi prepared in this study exhibits a nanorod‐bundle morphology with exceptionally high crystallinity. These nanorods or nanorod bundles can self‐assemble into microspheres with unique alignment. The chemistry, morphology, and crystal structure of DL‐tartaric acid doped microspheres were studied using SEM, TEM, SAED, XRD, and FTIR.magnified image
Photoinduced Fusion of Micro‐Vesicles Self‐Assembled from Azobenzene‐Containing Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Su Wei , Luo Yanhua , Yan Qing , Wu Si , Han Kuo , Zhang Qijin , Gu Yongqiang , Li Yinmei 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPoly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly{6‐[4‐(4‐methylphenyl‐azo) phenoxy] hexylacrylate} (PNIPAM‐b‐PAzoM) was synthesized by successive reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. In H2O/THF mixture, amphiphilic PNIPAM‐b‐PAzoM self‐assembles into giant micro‐vesicles. Upon irradiation of light at 365 nm, fusion of the vesicles was observed directly under an optical microscope. The real‐time fusion process is presented and the derivation is preliminarily due to the perturbation by the photoinduced trans‐to‐cis isomerization of azobenzene units in the vesicles.magnified image
Three‐Dimensional Fluorescence Image Patterning of Network Aliphatic Polyester via Microtransfer Molding and Thermal Treatment
Authors: Yoon Keun‐byoung , Jeong Seonju , Kwak Giseop 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper describes that three‐dimensional (3‐D) fluorescence image patterning of a network aliphatic polyester was successfully conducted by microtransfer molding (µTM) of the prepolymer and subsequent thermal treatment. A highly sticky, aliphatic ester prepolymer, containing a malonate moiety in the main chain, was obtained by a two‐step reaction, quantitatively. The 3‐D micropattern of the prepolymer was fabricated by µTM using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as elastomeric mold. The patterns showed a clear shape without any residual layer. When the molded prepolymer was thermally treated, the patterns exhibited very distinct fluorescence images in a full color range of sky‐blue, yellowish green and red regions when excited at wavelengths of 325, 488, and 580 nm, respectively.magnified image
Pathological crying induced by deep brain stimulation
Authors: Wojtecki Lars , Nickel Janpeter , Timmermann Lars , Maarouf Mohammad , Südmeyer Martin , Schneider Frank , Seitz Rüdiger J. , Voges Jürgen , Sturm Volker , Schnitzler Alfons 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPathological crying (PLC)—an affective gesture without any or an adequate emotion—occurs with various diseases. A recent theory suggests that PLC is caused by a disruption of higher order cortical association areas from the cerebellum which computes profiles of psychomotor responses. We report a patient with Parkinson's disease who developed PLC during stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) predominantly of the right hemisphere. Positron emission tomography imaging showed thalamo‐ponto‐cerebellar activation during such stimulation. These findings indicate that the STN and possibly also ponto‐cerebellar pathways are involved in psychomotor control and in the modulation of PLC. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Tic suppression in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome with exposure therapy: The rebound phenomenon reconsidered
Authors: Verdellen Cara W.J. , Hoogduin Cees A.L. , Keijsers Ger P.J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractExposure and response prevention (ER), a behavioral treatment program consisting of exposure to premonitory sensory experiences during prolonged tic suppression, was shown to be a promising new treatment for tics in Tourette's syndrome (TS). In this study, the commonly reported paradoxical increase in tic frequency following voluntary tic suppression, i.e., rebound phenomenon, was examined. Tic frequency was rated in 20 TS patients during 15‐minute videotaped conversations taken both before and following 10 ER sessions. In addition, tic frequency was obtained at home by family members of the patients during 15‐minute daily tic frequency registrations. Ratings following ER sessions were compared with ratings obtained before the sessions. Neither the ratings at the institute nor the ratings at home supported a rebound effect following ER tic suppression. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Adaptive frequency windowing for multifrequency solutions in structural acoustics based on the matrix Padé‐via‐Lanczos algorithm
Authors: Tuck‐Lee James P. , Pinsky Peter M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor many problems in structural acoustics, it is desired to obtain solutions at many frequencies over a large range in the frequency domain. A reduced‐order multifrequency algorithm based on matrix Padé approximation, using the matrix Padé‐via‐Lanczos (MPVL) connection, has been previously used to solve both exterior and interior acoustic problems. However, the method is not guaranteed to give the correct solution across the entire frequency region of interest, but only locally around a reference frequency. An adaptive frequency windowing scheme is introduced to address this shortcoming for practical application of this method. The application of this algorithm to tightly coupled problems in interior structural acoustics is presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal analysis of ring‐opening metathesis polymerized healing agents
Authors: Lee Jong Keun , Liu Xing , Yoon Sung Ho , Kessler Michael R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene (ENB) and their mixtures were analyzed after ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in the presence of Grubbs catalyst as potential candidate healing agents for self‐healing composite materials using two complementary methods, rotational dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Following isothermal DMA measurements at room temperature (RT = 25 °C) for 120 min, two consecutive dynamic temperature scan experiments were performed for each system. In the first dynamic temperature scans, there was an initial downward peak slightly above RT in the storage modulus versus temperature curve for samples with relatively slower reaction rates (i.e., DCPD and DCPD‐rich mixtures or low catalyst loadings) due to a combination of the glass transition followed by further residual reaction. However, no or negligible downward peaks were observed for the highly reactive ENB and ENB‐rich samples even at much lower catalyst loadings. Implications of the substantial decrease in storage modulus just above RT for the slowly reacting systems are discussed for healing of damage in composite materials at elevated temperatures. The maximum glass transition temperatures (Tg∞) from DMA of the fully cured samples were determined to be approximately 160 °C for DCPD and 120 °C for ENB, decreasing linearly with increased ENB in the blends. The glass transitions and further residual reactions above the glass transitions were confirmed by DSC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1771–1780, 2007
Systemic cytokine profile in children with community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Michelow Ian C. , Katz Kathy , McCracken George H. , Hardy R. Doug 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectivesCharacterization of the systemic cytokine response in community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) may facilitate our understanding of the host immune response and provide a prognostic as well as diagnostic tool. Systemic cytokine characterization of CAP has been limited largely to a few integral cytokines in adults.MethodsAnalyses were performed to investigate whether significant relationships existed between an expanded serum cytokine profile and etiologies, manifestations, and outcomes of pediatric CAP. The serum concentrations of 15 cytokines were investigated in 55 hospitalized children with well‐characterized CAP.ResultsComparison of median cytokine concentrations among patients with CAP caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, viruses, mixed infections, or unidentified pathogens revealed significant differences in IFN‐α, IL‐6, IL‐17, GM‐CSF, and TNF‐α concentrations. The mixed infections category had significantly elevated concentrations of IFN‐α, IL‐6, GM‐CSF, and TNF‐α. There were significant correlations between concentrations of IL‐6 and markers of disease severity (white blood cell band‐forms, procalcitonin, and unequivocal consolidation). No single cytokine could reliably differentiate the etiologic cause of pneumonia.ConclusionsIL‐6 is the only one of 15 serum cytokines studied that correlated with indicators of disease severity in childhood CAP. The applicability of cytokine profiles to identify microbiologic etiologies of pneumonia remains to be defined. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:640–645. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
RhDNase before airway clearance therapy improves airway patency in children with CF
Authors: van der Giessen Lianne J , de Jongste Johan C , Gosselink Rik , Hop Wim CJ , Tiddens Harm AWM 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the optimal timing of rhDNase nebulization in relation to airway clearance therapy (ACT).ObjectiveTo compare the effects of rhDNase before ACT versus rhDNase after ACT in children with CF.MethodsDesign: randomized, double blind, double dummy, cross over study. Inclusion criteria: CF, stable clinical condition, rhDNase maintenance therapy. Children in Group I inhaled rhDNase 30 minutes before ACT, and placebo directly after ACT in week 1–3. The protocol was reversed during week 4–6. Group II performed the reversed sequence. Patients continued their daily routine ACT. Primary endpoint: MEF25 %pred. Pulmonary functions tests were performed on days 0, 14, 21, 35 and 42. In weeks 3 and 6 children scored cough and sputum production on daily diary cards.Results24 patients completed the study. Mean age = 12 years (range 7–19). Mean MEF25 %pred was 5.8% higher after 3 weeks of rhDNase before ACT, compared to rhDNase after ACT (58.3% vs 52.5%, p=0.01). There were no significant differences for any of the other variables.ConclusionInhalation of rhDNase before ACT improves peripheral airway patency in children with cystic fibrosis. Since all children were already on maintenance rhDNase therapy before the study, this effect is additional to any existing effect of regular rhDNase. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:624–630. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Investigation of the atomic core structure of the ($ \vec a + \vec c $)‐mixed dislocation in wurtzite GaN
Authors: Belabbas I. , Béré A. , Chen J. , Ruterana P. , Nouet G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBy using a tight‐binding based ab‐initio method, we have investigated the atomic and electronic core structures of the threading ($ \vec a + \vec c $)‐mixed dislocation in wurtzite gallium nitride. For this dislocation, two core configurations were found to occur: a 5/7‐atoms ring and a complex double 5/6‐atoms ring configurations. Both core configurations were found to induce in the bandgap as well deep as shallow gap states. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)