bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is multidisciplinary research more highly cited? A macrolevel study
Authors: Levitt Jonathan M. , Thelwall Mike 
Published: July 2008

AbstractInterdisciplinary collaboration is a major goal in research policy. This study uses citation analysis to examine diverse subjects in the Web of Science and Scopus to ascertain whether, in general, research published in journals classified in more than one subject is more highly cited than research published in journals classified in a single subject. For each subject, the study divides the journals into two disjoint sets called Multi and Mono. Multi consists of all journals in the subject and at least one other subject whereas Mono consists of all journals in the subject and in no other subject. The main findings are: (a) For social science subject categories in both the Web of Science and Scopus, the average citation levels of articles in Mono and Multi are very similar; and (b) for Scopus subject categories within life sciences, health sciences, and physical sciences, the average citation level of Mono articles is roughly twice that of Multi articles. Hence, one cannot assume that in general, multidisciplinary research will be more highly cited, and the converse is probably true for many areas of science. A policy implication is that, at least in the sciences, multidisciplinary researchers should not be evaluated by citations on the same basis as monodisciplinary researchers.
Detecting changes in naturalistic scenes: contextual inconsistency does not influence spontaneous attention in high‐functioning people with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Loth Eva , Carlos Gómez Juan , Happé Francesca 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often reported to be good at detecting minute changes in the environment. This study tested two factors in this phenomenon; detail‐focus and reduced top‐down influence of scene‐schema expectations on spontaneous attention to visual scene elements. Using a change blindness paradigm, adults with ASD and matched typically developing (TD) adults were presented with images of naturalistic scenes (e.g., living room). Scene changes involved three types of object substitution: an object was replaced with (i) an unexpected scene‐unrelated object, (ii) a scene‐related object of a different basic‐level category, (iii) or a different exemplar of the original object category. Top‐down effects of scene‐schema expectations should render scene‐unrelated (i) substitutions easiest to recognize; detail focus should increase detection of exemplar changes. The TD group showed the expected condition effects, detecting scene‐unrelated substitutions significantly better than both types of scene‐related changes. By contrast, the ASD group showed no condition effect, and was only significantly slower and less accurate than the TD group in detecting scene‐unrelated objects. These findings suggest reduced influence of schematic expectations on spontaneous attention in individuals with ASD. Together with other factors, this may contribute to the tendency to notice “irrelevant” changes in the environment.
Die Entwicklung der körperschall‐ und erschütterungsdämmenden Oberbaukonstruktionen beim Münchner U‐Bahn‐Bau
Authors: Doll Gottfried , Eicher Lothar 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSeit Beginn des U‐Bahn‐Baues in München im Jahre 1965 sind die körperschall‐ und erschütterungsdämmenden Oberbaukonstruktionen bis zum heute erreichten Standard laufend fortentwickelt worden. Es wird über die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Bauherrn und Wissenschaft sowie die Erfahrungen in über 40 Jahren U‐Bahn‐Bau in München berichtet.
Bemessung von Stahlbetonplatten nach der Bruchlinientheorie – Drei bisher kaum beachtete Einflüsse
Authors: Herzog Max 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDie Bemessung umfanggelagerter und punktgestützter Stahlbetonplatten ist von drei Einflüssen abhängig, die bisher kaum Beachtung gefunden haben: die Zugversteifung, die beschränkte Rotationsfähigkeit der Fließgelenke und die Durchbiegung weitgespannter Platten unter langfristigen Einwirkungen.
Zur Ermittlung von Windsoglasten an turmartigen Bauwerken und Hallendächern
Authors: Rosemeier Gustav‐Erich 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFür viele bautechnische Profile endlicher Länge unter Windlast ist interessant, wann die Windsoglasten zweidimensional (2D) und wann räumlich dreidimensional (3D) zu ermitteln sind. Hierfür wird ein allgemeingültiges Berechnungsverfahren bereitgestellt. Weiterhin wird aufgezeigt, dass mit der Festlegung des Totwasserunterdrucks am Profilrand auch die geometrische Form der Totwasserzone festgelegt ist.
Nutzungskosten: DIN 18960‐2008 – Leistungsfähige Grundlage für die zielorientierte Planung der Lebenszykluskosten
Authors: Blecken Udo , Holthaus‐Sellheier Ursula 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDie DIN 18960 – Nutzungskosten im Hochbau – ist in überarbeiteter Form im Februar 2008 herausgegeben worden. Sie ist durch Ergänzungen zu einem vollumfänglichen Controllingkonzept (Nutzungskostenvorgabe, ‐ermittlung, ‐kontrolle und ‐steuerung) weiterentwickelt worden, die dem Bauherrn eine kostengesicherte Nutzungskostenplanung ermöglicht. Mit dieser Norm liegt nun eine ökonomisch und ökologisch wichtige Grundlage für den Planungsprozess vor. Im Folgenden sollen die Neuerungen der Norm 18960 beschrieben, die angrenzenden Normen und wichtigen Merkmale erläutert, das Controllingkonzept inkl. eines Berechnungsbeispiels unter Einschluss von Risikoüberlegungen dargestellt und Planungsvertragsfragen besprochen werden.
The absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of bevirimat in rats
Authors: Bullock Peter , Larsen Douglas , Press Randy , Wehrman Tod , Martin David E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBevirimat is the first drug in the class of maturation inhibitors, which treat HIV infection by disrupting the activity of HIV protease enzyme with a mechanism of action distinct from that of conventional protease inhibitors. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination characteristics of single intravenous (25 mg/kg) and oral (25 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) doses of 14C‐bevirimat were studied in male Sprague Dawley and Long Evans rats. Pharmacokinetic and mass‐balance studies revealed that bevirimat was cleared rapidly (within 12–24 h) after dosing, although plasma radioactivity was quantifiable up to 168 h. Radioactive metabolites of bevirimat were responsible for approximately 60–80% of plasma radioactivity. Systemically available bevirimat was predominantly (97%) excreted via bile in the faeces, with ⩽1% of the dose excreted renally. Less than 0.1% of the dose was excreted in expired air. Quantitative whole‐body autoradiography detected high quantities of radioactivity in the bile and liver soon after intravenous dose administration, and evidence of biliary excretion present during the 8 h following oral dosing. Oral bioavailability for the 25 mg/kg dose of bevirimat was estimated at 22–24% by pharmacokinetic and mass‐balance methods, with bioavailability decreasing disproportionately with increasing dose for the 600 mg/kg group. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public decisions or private decisions? When the specific case guides public decisions
Authors: Kogut Tehila 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEducators' differential decisions towards identified single students as compared with unidentified students, or a group of identified students, were examined by presenting educators with educational scenarios describing actual dilemmas from the three different perspectives. The first two studies indicate that willingness to change the existing policy and to [bend the rule] is greater when a dilemma is presented from the specific identified student's perspective than when presented as a general dilemma. The results of the third study suggest that in their decisions regarding an identified individual student, educators allow more changes in school regulations and give less weight to the school needs as compared with their decisions regarding an unidentified student or a group of students. Implications for policy making are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the conjunction fallacy within a category learning framework
Authors: Nilsson Håkan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe literature presents two major theories on the cause of the conjunction fallacy. The first attributes the conjunction fallacy to the representativeness heuristic. The second suggests that the conjunction fallacy is caused by people combining p(A) and p(B) into p(A&B) in an inappropriate manner. These two theories were contrasted in two category‐learning experiments. As predicted by the latter theory, data showed that participants that could assess p(A&B) directly made fewer conjunction fallacies than participants who had to compute p(A) and p(B) separately and then combine them into p(A&B). Least conjunction fallacies were observed in the cases where the representativeness heuristic was applicable. Overall, data showed that an inability to appropriately combine probabilities is one of the key cognitive mechanisms behind the conjunction fallacy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baudynamische Anforderungen an Labors und Produktionsflächen der Nanotechnik
Authors: Heiland Dieter , Beyer Karlheinz 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDie Nanotechnik stellt strenge Anforderungen bezüglich der Erschütterungen an die Bauwerke. Planer sehen sich mit der Aufgabe konfrontiert, zur Sicherstellung der Gebrauchstauglichkeit
extrem erschütterungsarme Bauwerke zu konzeptionieren. Nicht selten müssen die Erschütterungen im Bauwerk deutlich unter dem Niveau liegen, welches der Baugrund natürlicherweise einleitet. Die Frage realistischer Grenzwerte sowie deren Messung und Beurteilung wird beschrieben und anhand eines Beispielprojekts verdeutlicht.
Vereinfachte Bemessung brandbeanspruchter Stahlbetonkragstützen in Anlehnung an EC 2
Authors: Cyllok Michael , Achenbach Marcus 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird das Tragverhalten eines Stahlbetonquerschnitts unter Brandbeanspruchung mit seinen maßgebenden Einflüssen anhand von Beispielen gezeigt. Umgesetzt wird dies in einem vereinfachten Verfahren zur Heißbemessung von Stahlbetonstützen. Die Anwendung des Verfahrens an einem Beispiel rundet den Beitrag ab.
Zum Feuerwiderstand von Stahlbetonstützen
Authors: Upmeyer Jens , Schaumann Peter 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden Untersuchungen zum Feuerwiderstand von Stahlbetonstützen auf der Basis eines allgemeinen Berechnungsverfahrens durchgeführt. Die Berechnungen erfassen sowohl Pendelstützen als auch Kragstützen mit Knicklängen im Brandfall von bis zu 20,0 m. Für Pendelstützen in Geschossbauten wird aufgrund der üblichen Geschosshöhen von etwa 4,0 m eine neue Klassifizierungstabelle vorgeschlagen. Kragstützen können unter Einhaltung von praxistauglichen Randbedingungen in Feuerwiderstandsklassen eingeordnet werden (Level‐1 Verfahren). Schlussendlich werden Sicherheitsbetrachtungen für bestehende Stahlbetonstützen durchgeführt, die zeigen, dass bestehende Stahlbetonstützen, die entsprechend den Mindestabmessungen der Tabelle 31 der DIN 4102‐4 dimensioniert wurden, im Brandfall standsicher sind, wenn sie regelkonform geplant und hergestellt worden sind.
Zumutbarkeit von Erschütterungen auf Menschen. Messungen, Auswertungen, Beurteilungen
Authors: Kuhlmann Wolfram , Krause Hans‐Jürgen , Kempen Thomas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGroße Teile Deutschlands und auch weite Teile Europas sind sehr dicht besiedelt. Dies führt dazu, dass Wohngebäude, in denen sich Menschen aufhalten, und Bürogebäude, in denen Menschen arbeiten, immer häufiger durch Erschütterungsereignisse in der näheren Umgebung betroffen sind. Andererseits besteht eine wachsende Erwartung, dass Menschen in Wohn‐ und Bürogebäuden nicht durch Erschütterungen gestört werden.Ob Erschütterungen als störend wahrgenommen werden, hängt dabei stark mit der menschlichen Physiologie sowie dem Frequenzgehalt und der Dauer der einwirkenden Erschütterungen zusammen. Um dennoch zu einer zuverlässigen Beurteilung zu kommen, ist daher ein Auswerteverfahren erforderlich, dass diese Aspekte berücksichtigt und verbindliche Grenzwerte festlegt. In diesem Bericht wird zunächst das Vorgehen zur Beurteilung der Zumutbarkeit von Erschütterungen auf Menschen in Gebäuden erläutert. Anschließend wird die Beurteilung der Zumutbarkeit von Erschütterungen aus vier verschiedenen Einwirkungsquellen anhand von vier ausgewählten Projekten vorgestellt. Die Erschütterungsquellen, die dabei zu berücksichtigen waren, umfassen Erschütterungen aus Baustellenbetrieb, aus Produktionsabläufen der Schwerindustrie, aus Straßenverkehr und aus Seilbahnbetrieb. Die Beurteilung der Zumutbarkeit der Erschütterungen nach den jeweiligen länderspezifischen Normen wird in diesem Bericht erläutert.
Hermann von Helmholtz und Carl Stumpf über Konsonanz und Dissonanz
Authors: Kursell Julia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHermann von Helmholtz and Carl Stumpf on Consonance and Dissonance. The article juxtaposes Hermann von Helmholtz's work in the experimental physiology of hearing and Carl Stumpf's tone psychology, focusing on the problem of consonance and dissonance in music. It argues that the experimental set‐up plays a major role in the approaches to hearing of both Helmholtz and Stumpf, shaping their redefinition of the musical concepts of consonance and dissonance. Helmholtz, however, explains dissonance as resulting from the beats that are heard when sound waves interfere, while Stumpf explains consonance from the fusion (Verschmelzung) of sounds, noting that two tones, depending on their distance cannot always be recognized as two but are heard as one single tone. Helmholtz's definition of dissonance eventually threatens his own theory of hearing, which is based on the mechanical principle of resonance and considers sound to be composed of sinusoidal waves. Both the physical and the mathematical tools he uses cannot easily be brought into accordance with his experimental findings on beats, which ask for a discrimination of fast changes in intensity. Dissonance thus becomes “unrecomendable” for Helmholtz, because it overstrains the ear. Stumpf's research, in contrast, has its point of departure in the historically given set of intervals and tries to find a principle that would explain this choice. His tests with experimental subjects who have no conscious knowledge of musical harmony and prove incapable to follow or reproduce music reveals to him a difference between the unity and multiplicity of tones.
Organic cofactors participated more frequently than transition metals in redox reactions of primitive proteins
Authors: Ji Hong‐Fang , Chen Lei , Zhang Hong‐Yu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractProtein redox reactions are one of the most basic and important biochemical actions. As amino acids are weak redox mediators, most protein redox functions are undertaken by protein cofactors, which include organic ligands and transition metal ions. Since both kinds of redox cofactors were available in the pre‐protein RNA world, it is challenging to explore which one was more involved in redox processes of primitive proteins? In this paper, using an examination of the redox cofactor usage of putative ancient proteins, we infer that organic ligands participated more frequently than transition metals in redox reactions of primitive proteins, at least as protein cofactors. This is further supported by the relative abundance of amino acids in the primordial world. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the BioEssays website. BioEssays 30:766–771, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A transformation procedure for recalcitrant tomato by addressing transgenic plant‐recovery limiting factors
Authors: Fuentes Alejandro D. , Ramos Pedro L. , Sánchez Yadira , Callard Danay , Ferreira Aleines , Tiel Kenia , Cobas Karen , Rodríguez Raisa , Borroto Carlos , Doreste Vivian , Pujol Merardo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAgrobacterium tumefaciens technology is the battle horse for tomato genetic transformation. However, tomato varieties with low regeneration capacity are very difficult to transform. In the past, tomato transformation through Agrobacterium infection was focused on varieties capable of high regeneration yield, while successful transformation of low regenerable cultivars has not been reported. The genotype response to tissue culture conditions is believed to drive the frequency of regeneration of transgenic plant, whereas the capacity for cell proliferation could determine the transformation efficiency through this technology. The Campbell‐28 cultivar is an example of constraints arising from a high morphogenetic potential with low conversion compared to normal plants. In the present work the roles that contribute to improved transgenic plant recovery from this recalcitrant variety were explored for factors like Agrobacterium concentration and antibiotics for bacterial removal and transformant selection. Analysis of the efficiency from independent transformation experiments revealed a more than twofold increase of transformant regeneration after selection on ammonium glufosinate compared to kanamycin selection, showing a transformation efficiency of 21.5%.
Coated‐wall microreactor for continuous biocatalytic transformations using immobilized enzymes
Authors: Thomsen Malene S. , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMicrostructured flow reactors are emerging tools for biocatalytic process development. A compelling design is that of the coated‐wall reactor where enzyme is present as a surface layer attached to microchannel walls. However, preparation of a highly active wall biocatalyst remains a problem. Here, a stainless steel microreactor was developed where covalent immobilization of the enzyme in multiple linear flow channels of the reaction plate was supported by a macroporous wash‐coat layer of γ‐aluminum oxide. Using surface functionalization with aminopropyl triethoxysilane followed by activation with glutardialdehyde, the thermophilic β‐glycosidase CelB from Pyrococcus furiosus was bound with retention of half of the specific activity of the free enzyme (800 U/mg), yielding a high catalyst loading of about 500 U/mL. This microreactor was employed for the continuous hydrolysis of lactose (100 mM) at 80°C, providing a space‐time yield of 500 mg glucose/(mL h) at a stable conversion of ≥70%. The immobilized enzyme displayed a half‐life of 15 days under the operational conditions. Due to the absence of hydrophobic solute‐material interactions, which limit the scope of microstructures fabricated from poly(dimethylsiloxane) for biocatalytic applications, the new microreactor was fully compatible with the alternate enzyme substrate 2‐nitro‐phenyl‐β‐D‐galactoside and the 2‐nitro‐phenol product resulting from its hydrolysis catalyzed by CelB.
Acidic‐basic properties of three alanine‐based peptides containing acidic and basic side chains: Comparison between theory and experiment
Authors: Makowska Joanna , Bagińska Katarzyna , Liwo Adam , Chmurzyński Lech , Scheraga Harold A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of the nature of the ionizable end groups, and the solvent, on their acid‐base properties in alanine‐based peptides. Hence, the acid‐base properties of three alanine‐based peptides: Ac‐KK‐(A)7‐KK‐NH2 (KAK), Ac‐OO‐(A)7‐DD‐NH2 (OAD), Ac‐KK‐(A)7‐EE‐NH2 (KAE), where A, D, E, K, and O denote alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, and ornithine, respectively, were determined in water and in methanol by potentiometry. With the availability of these data, the ability of two theoretical methods to simulate pH‐metric titration of those peptides was assessed: (i) the electrostatically driven Monte Carlo method with the ECEPP/3 force field and the Poisson‐Boltzmann approach to compute solvation energy (EDMC/PB/pH), and (ii) the molecular dynamics method with the AMBER force field and the Generalized Born model (MD/GB/pH). For OAD and KAE, pKa1 and pKa2 correspond to the acidic side chains. For all three compounds in both solvents, the pKa1 value is remarkably lower than the pKa of a compound modeling the respective isolated side chain, which can be explained by the influence of the electrostatic field from positively charged ornithine or lysine side chains. The experimental titration curves are reproduced well by the MD/GB/pH approach, the agreement being better if restraints derived from NMR measurements are incorporated in the conformational search. Poorer agreement is achieved by the EDMC/PB/pH method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 724–732, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Structural properties of bombesin‐like peptides revealed by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering on roughened silver electrodes
Authors: Podstawka Edyta 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis work presents a Fourier‐transform absorption infrared, Fourier‐transform Raman, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) study of the following peptides belonging to the bombesin‐like family: phyllolitorin, [Leu8]phyllolitorin, NMB, NMC, and PG‐L. The SERS study was undertaken to understand the adsorption mechanism of bombesin‐like peptides on an electrochemically roughened silver electrode surface and to show changes in the adsorption mechanism with alterations in amino acids and small tertiary structures. The SERS spectra presented here shows bands mainly associated with the Trp8residue vibrations. The presence of mainly pyrrole coring vibrations for phyllolitorin and [Leu8]phyllolitorin and mainly benzene coring modes for NMB and NMC indicated that these groups interact with the roughened silver electrode surface. Furthermore, N1C8and C3C9bonds of the PG‐L indole ring seemed to have nearly a vertical orientation on the electrode surface. In addition, distinct vibrations of the CS fragment were observed in the SERS spectra of [Leu8]phyllolitorin and PG‐L. The strong enhancement of the ν(CO) vibration in the [Leu8]phyllolitorin SERS spectrum yielded evidence that the intact CO bond(s) bind strongly to the silver electrode surface, whereas NMC, phyllolitorin, and NMB were located near the silver surface. This finding was supported by the presence of the ν(CCO) mode. The amide I band observed at 1642 and 1634 cm−1for NMB and NMC, respectively, and the Raman amide III band seen in the 1282–1249 cm−1range for all peptides except PG‐L, indicate that the strongly hydrogen‐bonded α‐helical conformation and random‐coil structure are favored for binding to the surface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 980–992, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com