bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE POTENTIAL RESPONSE OF GENERALIST HEALTH AND WELFARE WORKERS TO DRINKING PROBLEMS: AN INITIAL STUDY IN AN AUSTRALIAN RURAL TOWN
Authors: BUSH ROBERT A. , EGAN TRISH , WILLIAMS ROBERT J. , REILLY DAVID K. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTIn Australian rural towns generalist health and welfare workers are the major resource for a response to alcohol related problems. However, in this study of a rural town's generalists, it was found that they lacked knowledge, training and support for their work with problem drinkers despite having some experience in the field. In applying some findings of the English Camberwell Project to this Australian rural town and a group of urban generalist workers it was found that experience in the field, training in alcohol studies and counselling, as well as supportive services, act as independent predicators of their therapeutic response. Some strategies for improving this response are suggested as well as some radical departures in local preventative strategies which are yet to be tested.
Problem Areas: Victims, Community and Doctors
Authors: Maddocks I. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: For most doctors and health workers in clinical practice, the problem of alcohol abuse is too hard. Its many subtle presentations elude ready recognition and defy set routines of management.A major difficulty is that it cannot easily be classified or encompassed by a neat diagnostic box. It is much more than a medical problem, even though there is often a definite pathology with clinical signs and accepted treatment regimes; it is much more than a psychological problem, though it has important emotional antecdents and associations; it is certainly a social problem closely woven into the fabric of Australian society, but one seemingly inaccessible to established processes of education or legislation.At a time when many doctors seek to make allies of their patients, enlisting their aid in life‐style changes for health improvements, alcohol abuse seems to mock the well‐intentioned exhortation to participatory self‐improvement. Instead, it seems to demand techniques of consistent confrontation and community recruitment which run in the face of the individual entrepreneurial style of private doctoring.For the physician, there is neither money nor success to be gained in the management of a client who abuses alcohol. The response of private practice to the problem is therefore largely one of avoidance and this constitutes a major contribution to the conspiracy of silence.
Surviving as a Controlled Drinking Therapist
Authors: Ryder David 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: In essence, conducting a controlled drinking programme is no different from conducting an abstinence programme, in that the therapeutic skills and structure of the treatment are the same. Only the drinking goal itself is different. The controversy regarding controlled drinking, however, has led to a greater degree of pressure being applied to those therapists who conduct controlled drinking programmes, particularly by colleagues. The factors required for the therapist to cope with this are detailed.It is also argued that, as controlled drinking appears to be most efficacious with drinkers other than those who attend traditional alcohol problem clinics, therapists need to seek out such clientele in other venues.
Substrate specificity of lentil seedling amine oxidase
Authors: Medda Rosaria , Padiglia Alessandra , Pedersen Jens Z. , Lorrai Anita , Floris Giovanni 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCopper diamine oxidase from lentil (Lens culinaris) seedlings was shown to be able to catalyze the oxidative deamination of a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic monoamine compounds, including some amino acids. Although the catalytic efficiencies were only 1‐3% of that measured with the diamine substrate putrescine, they were still comparable to those of specialized monoamine oxidases. In particular, the lentil enzyme oxidized benzylamine and histamine with Km and Vmax values similar to those found for the mammalian enzymes benzylamine oxidase and histaminase. Cysteamine was found to be a substrate of the enzyme, whereas hypotaurine and taurine were found to be neither substrates nor inhibitors of the enzyme. Quite unexpectedly the aminoacids L‐ornithine and L‐lysine were oxidized by lentil enzyme, and β‐alanine and γ‐aminobutyric acid were oxidized only at high concentrations of enzyme. These results suggest that enzymes normally classified as diamine oxidases could in fact have a more diversified role in metabolism than recognized so far.
Synchronous gene expressions during embryogenesis of Oncorhynchus masou (Yamame)
Authors: Kanaya Shigehiko , Kudo Yoshihiro , Moki‐Toda Shouzo , Katsura Kazuhiko , Carpio Carlos Del 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn order to detect periods of synchronous gene expressions during embryogenesis of Oncorhynchus masou (Yamame), we analyzed the peptide constituents of the embryos by means of two‐dimensional electrophoresis. New kinds of peptides were mainly detected in three periods, i.e. between the 12th and 13th day, between the 20th and 21st day, and between the 30th and 31st day after fertilization. Hatching occurred between the 34th and 37th day. These indicate that these three periods, which corespond to (1) the shifting stage from maternal to nuclear events in gene expression, (2) the development of external organs such as fins, and (3) the preparative stage for hatching, respectively, may be critical stages in gene expression.
Dependence of depurination of oligoribonucleotides by ricin A‐chain on divalent cations and chelating agents
Authors: Glück Anton , Wool Ira G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRicin A‐chain is a cytotoxic RNA N‐glycosidase that inactivates eukaryotic ribosomes by depurinating the adenosine at position 4324 in 28S rRNA. The enzyme retains its specificity when a synthetic oligoribonucleotide (a 35‐mer) that mimics the structure at the site of action is the substrate. However, covalent modification by ricin A‐chain of the oligoribonucleotide but not of ribosomes, depends on the simultaneous presence of a divalent cation and a chelating agent.
A supercoil‐specific endonuclease from Salmonella typhimurium cleaves both negatively and positively supercoiled DNA
Authors: Zargar Manzoor Ahmad , Chakravorty Maharani 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn enzyme which specifically cleaves supercoiled DNA to linear form through nicked circular form as intermediate was isolated from rifampicin‐resistant mutant of Salmonella typhimurium, rif 39. The enzyme activity was stimulated by Mg++, whereas Ca++ had no effect. It does not require ATP for its activity. No activity could be detected with relaxed or single stranded circular DNAs. The molecular weight of the enzyme is approximately 34 kDa. The most characteristic feature of this enzyme is that it cleaves both positively and negatively supercoiled DNAs.
Identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in human leukemia HL‐60 cells and its induction by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Nishihira Jun , Koyama Yoshikazu , Mizue Yuka 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCytokines play an important role in inflammation and immunity. In this study, we examined the expression and presence of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human myelomonocytic leukemia cell line, HL‐60 by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunological methods (Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry), respectively. The RT‐PCR showed that MIF mRNA was constitutively expressed, and the expression was further induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The expression was up‐regulated by LPS at the range of 10 pg/ml to 10 ng/ml; however, it decreased at doses higher than 100 ng/ml. The expression reached the maximum 12 hr after the stimulation, but substantially decreased by 24 hr. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry using an anti‐human MIF antibody revealed the presence of MIF protein in cytoplasm of the cells. The pathophysiological role of MIF in HL‐60 cells has not been fully understood; however, the regulation of MIF mRNA expression by LPS suggests the possibility that the cytokine plays an important role in inflammatory events of leukemia.
Pattern recognition approach to nucleic acid sequences
Authors: Seetharaman J. , Srinivasan R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA pattern recognition method through the two dimensional matrix representation of the nucleic acids sequence is developed. This approach of two dimensional plotting primarily enables to visualize all types of bonding between different bases in a RNA or DNA. The two dimensional matrix uses the capability of intramolecular Watson‐Crick type (A‐U and C‐G) and Wobble type (G‐U) base pairing. The method discusses both parallel and anti‐parallel stranded base pairing. The application of the method to tRNA is shown.
Preparation and specificity of antibodies to an anti‐tumor β‐glucan, lentinan
Authors: Mizono Masashi , Minato Ken‐ichiro , Tsuchida Hironobu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAntibodies against β‐glucan, lentinan from “Shiitake” (Lentinus edodes), were raised in the rabbit by subcutaneous immunization. Our antibodies reacted significantly with lentinan by inhibition assay of ELISA. The antibodies did not recognize the other polysaccharides such as amylose, dextran, laminarin and galactan. It was proved that lentinan contents in mushroom could be measured by ELISA with the anti‐lentinan antisera. Its contents were 3.5 mg/g fresh weight in Lentinus edodes. However, lentinan was not contained in Agaricus brazei, Agaricus bisporus and Ramaria bitrytis.
A new simple method of representing relative orientation of bases in DNA helical structures
Authors: Seetharaman J. , Srinivasan R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt is shown that the strandwise correlation of the torsion angles in Nucleic acid structures can throw light on the aspects like helical distortion, in double helical and other associated forms. The single crystal X‐ray coordinates for 7 A‐DNA, 29 B‐DNA, 8 Z‐DNA and 4 tRNA structures are used to calculate the glycosyl angle χ and they are plotted in a two dimensional plot. A new torsion angle π is defined as O4′‐C1′‐N1(9)‐X, where X is a fictitious atom on the normal at N1(9). The χ1 vs. χ2 plots (where 1 and 2 refer to I and II‐strand of DNA respectively) show the characteristic clustering features of A, B and Z DNAs. They are also compactly reflected in the modified graphical representation like (χ1 + χ2) vs. |χ1 ‐ χ2| plot. χ1 vs. χ2 plot of the Hoogsteen type of base pairing obtained from the tRNA structures is off diagonal. The distortions due to complexing of the structures under each category, in particular, B‐DNAs is readily observed. The observed points of A/B hybrid form clusters between A and B uncomplexed forms. The new torsion angle π shows similar behavior as that of χ.
Expression of mRNA encoding cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase isoforms in rat parotid glands
Authors: Imai Akane , Nashida Tomoko , Shimomura Hiromi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn previous reports, we have shown that cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) is the major PDE in the rat parotid gland, and that PDE4 is activated by phosphorylation. In this study, we investigated the expression of PDE4 isoform genes and alternative splicing variants of PDE4D in the rat parotid gland using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C and PDE4D of PDE4 subfamily were expressed. PDE4D was found to be the dominant PDE4 isoform. A weak band of PDE4C was detectable. Three alternative splicing variants (PDE4D1, PDE4D2 and PDE4D3) derived from the rat PDE4D gene were expressed in the parotid gland. These data suggested that the intracellular cAMP level is regulated by multiple response mechanisms through the activations of the PDE by phosphorylation and gene expression in the rat parotid gland.
Phosphatidylserine directs differential phosphorylation of actin and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase by protein kinase C: Possible implications for regulation of actin polymerization
Authors: Reiss Nachum , Oplatka Avraham , Hermon Jacob , Naor Zvi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe phospholipid‐dependent protein kinase C is implicated in the regulation of cellular motility and energy metabolism. Phosphatidylserine, a main cofactor of protein kinase C, is involved in the regulation of glyceraldhehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, which as actin, was shown to be phosphorylated by purified protein kinase C. Here, we study the effect of phosphatidylserine on the enzyme‐substrate interaction of protein kinase C with glyceraldhehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and actin. The stoichiometry of glyceraldhehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase phosphorylation is not affected by varying the level of phosphatidylserine. However, actin phosphorylation is dependent on phosphatidylserine level, peaking at high phosphatidylserine concentration. Moreover, if actin and glyceraldhehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase are cophosphorylated at high phosphatidylserine concentration, actin phosphorylation is favored, despite lower affinity for protein kinase C. Hence, phosphatidylserine directs differential phosphorylation of these key proteins of glycolysis and cellular motility and might be capable of recruiting protein kinase C for preferential actin phosphorylation. The sedimentation of phosphorylated actin is increased 3.8 fold and total actin 1.7 fold, suggesting that phosphorylation promotes actin polymerization.
Azospirillum lipoferum tRNAs: Fractionation and identification of tRNA species and the nucleotide sequence of tRNAAsn (QUU)
Authors: Sivakamasundari R. , Jayabaskaran C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTransfer RNAs of Azospirillum lipoferum were separated by two‐ dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by aminoacylation. Thirty‐six tRNA spots were resolved by this technique and twenty‐six tRNA species have been identified. There are five tRNAs for Leu, four for Val, three for Pro, two each for Arg, Ile, Lys and Tyr, and one each for Ala, Asp, His, Phe, Ser and Thr. The tRNAAsn (QUU) was purified and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The A. lipoferum tRNAAsn (QUU is 92% similar to lB. subtilis tRNAAsn gene and two hypermodified nucleosides, queuosine (Q) and N‐(9‐β‐D Ribofuranosylpurine‐6‐YL) ‐ carbamoyl)‐ threonine (t6A) are present in this tRNA.
Structural determinats of cobrotoxin affect its mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
Authors: Chang Long‐sen , Chou Lidge , Chang Chun‐Chang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn order to identify the structural determinants of cobrotoxin that caused its anomalous mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel, comparative studies on the capacities of cobrotoxin and its modified derivatives for binding with SDS were made. Cobrotoxin migrates faster in SDS gel after modification of Lys residues or carboxylated groups. However, the capacities of modified derivatives for binding with SDS molecules did not show a positive correlation with their electrophoretic mobilities. Moreover, it was found that the segment at positions 22‐38 had the greatest capacity to bind with SDS than other segments of cobrotoxin, but guanidination of Lys residues of this peptide fragment did not significantly change its migration. These results suggest that the SDS‐binding capacity of cobrotoxin is not solely responsible for its anomalous mobility in SDS gel, and that the effects may arise from the electrostatic interactions between Lys residue and carboxylated groups.
Interleukin‐4 stimulates rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts to express matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (tissue collagenase) and histamine H1 receptor mRNA
Authors: Zenmyo Michihisa , Hiraoka Koji , Sasaguri Takakazu , Komiya Setsuro , Inoue Akio , Morimatsu Minoru , Sasaguri Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the effect of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) on metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1/tissue collagenase) production in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Northern blot analysis revealed that addition of IL‐4 with or without histamine stimulated the cells to increase the amount of proMMP‐1 mRNA, and the IL‐4 with histamine addition resulted in a 3.3‐fold increase compared with histamine only. Furthermore, IL‐4 itself stimulated the expression of histamine H1 receptor mRNA. These results suggest that IL‐4 may play an important role in joint destruction in RA.
A novel property of adenine nucleotides: Sensitivity to helium‐neon laser in mitochondrial reactions
Authors: Gagliardi S. , Atlante A. , Passarella S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractConsideration is made here of the ability of He‐Ne laser light to affect both transport and enzymic reactions by acting on substrates. Adenine nucleotides irradiated with 3 Joules/cm2 fluence (10 mW/cm2 fluence rate) showed altered biochemical behaviour when used as substrates for certain mitochondrial reactions in isolated rat liver mitochondria: ADP/ATP antiport and ATP synthase, which allow for oxidative phosphorylation, and adenylate kinase reaction. In order to determine ATP synthase kinetics a specific method was developed which allows for calculation of ADP phosphorylation rate in intact mitochondria. While no change in ATP synthase kinetics was observed as a result of ADP irradiation, adenine nucleotides proved to be sensitive to He‐Ne laser irradiation when their interaction with ADP/ATP carrier and adenylate kinase was considered.
Small regions of preferential codon usage and their effect on overall codon bias ‐ The case of the plp gene
Authors: Gatherer Derek , McEwan Neil R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPreferential codon usage within synonymous groups (codon bias), is hypothesised to be a consequence of either mutational pressure or translational selection. This paper examines PLP and DM‐20, two transcripts differentially spliced from the plp gene, using a variety of previously described indices measuring codon bias as well as a novel index for quantifying the response to directional mutation pressure. The results demonstrate that small regions of extreme codon bias may have appreciable effects on the quantification of total bias, and that this effect may be either an increase or a decrease depending which index is used.
Prokaryotic iron superoxide dismutase replaces cytosolic copper, zinc superoxide dismutase in protecting yeast cells against oxidative stress
Authors: Agius Dolores R. , Bannister William H. , Balzan Rena 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) gene of Escherichia coli was cloned in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells deficient in copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,ZnSOD). FeSOD replaced Cu,ZnSOD in protecting the yeast cells against oxidative stress. In the recombinant strains the FeSOD gene, which was under the transcriptional control of the yeast phosphoglycerate kinase gene promoter, was functionally expressed at two different levels on episomal and centromeric plasmids. Despite suppression of methionine and lysine auxotrophy, the higher level of FeSOD activity was more beneficial to growth of the mutant yeast cells only when these were exposed to higher levels of oxidative stress induced by paraquat or 100% oxygen. In the presence of paraquat, there was a novel stimulation of FeSOD activity. This was associated with a marked increase in catalase activity, and a decrease in glutathione reductase activity.
Regulation of tumour cell fatty acid oxidation by n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Colquhoun Alison , de Mello Fábio E. P. , Curi Rui 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFatty acids have been shown to regulate the expression of mRNA for both lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes in rat liver. The role of fatty acids in the regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I and II activity in tumour cells was investigated. The polyunsaturated fatty acids, γ‐linolenic and arachidonic acid, caused 60‐70% inhibition of tumour cell CPT I activity and 45‐50% inhibition of [14C]‐palmitic acid oxidation to 14CO2. These effects were blocked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. Prostaglandins E1 and E2 caused marked inhibition of both CPT I and CPT II activity and inhibition of cell proliferation. Prostaglandin E2 production by tumour cells was increased in the presence of arachidonic acid and inhibited when indomethacin was present. The proliferation of the HT29 cell line was unaffected as was its CPT I and II activity by both fatty acids and prostaglandins. CPT I mRNA expression was not inhibited by fatty acids, indeed it increased in the presence of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E1. These results strongly suggest that polyunsaturated n‐6 fatty acids are able, via prostaglandin products, to regulate the CPT activity of certain tumour cells. This may have a considerable impact on mitochondrial β‐oxidation and cellular metabolism of fatty acids, reflected in the marked inhibition of cell proliferation by these fatty acids.
Short‐term effect of dexamethasone on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Giudetti Anna Maria , Gnoni Gabriele V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe short‐term effect of dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, on both fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis has been investigated in rat hepatocyte cultures. Within 4h following hormone addition to the cultures, a noticeable stimulation of labelled acetate incorporation into fatty acids was observed. Similar behaviour was noticed when [3H]H20 was used as an independent index of the lipogenic activity. In the same cultures, however, cholesterol synthesis from both [14C]acetate or [3H]H20 was significantly reduced by dexamethasone addition. In these conditions, no significative variation of cholesterol synthesis starting from labelled mevalonate was observed.
Free radical scavenging activity of fermented papaya preparation and its effect on lipid peroxide level and superoxide dismutase activity in iron‐induced epileptic foci of rats
Authors: Imao Katsuki , Wang H. , Komatsu M. , Hiramatsu M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFermented papaya preparation is a natural health food that has been commercially sold in Japan for 2 years. It is made by yeast fermentation of Carica Papaya Linn. We examined the antioxidant action of the fermented papaya preparation on free radicals and lipid peroxidation. Free radicals have been related with aging and diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and especially in neurological disorders, for example, Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease. A diet including variable antioxidant foods may therefore help to prevent these illnesses.The free radical scavenging activity of the fermented papaya preparation was examined using an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. Fermented papaya preparation (50mg/ml) scavenged 80% of hydroxyl radicals, (·OH) as spin adducts of spin trap, 5,5‐dimethyl‐l‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO) (5.27×1015 spins/ml) generated by Fenton reagents. The value of IC50 was 12.5mg/ml. The oral administration of the fermented papaya preparation for 4 weeks decreased the elevated of lipid peroxide levels in the ipsilateral 30 min after injection of iron solution by iron into the left cortex of rats. The fermented papaya preparation also increased superoxide dismutase activity in the cortex and hippocampus of them. These results suggest that the fermented papaya preparation has antioxidant actions and that it may be prophylactic food against the age related and neurological diseases associated with free radicals.