bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index and Mortality among Older Breast Cancer Survivors in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Reeves Katherine W. , Faulkner Kimberly , Modugno Francesmary , Hillier Teresa A. , Bauer Douglas C. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Cauley Jane A. ,   for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer survival is inversely related to body mass index (BMI), but previous studies have not included large numbers of older women. This study investigated the association between BMI and mortality after breast cancer diagnosis in a cohort of older Caucasian women enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.
Methods: All women were age ≥65 at study entry (N = 533). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to determine the effect of BMI as a continuous variable on risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, any cancer, and breast cancer mortality. Interaction terms were included to evaluate effect modification by age at diagnosis.
Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 78.0 years (SD 5.7) with an average of 8.1 years (SD 4.4) of follow-up after diagnosis. There were 206 deaths during follow-up. The effect of BMI on mortality depended on age (Pinteraction = 0.02). At age 65, the risk of mortality was 1.4 times higher for a BMI of 27.3 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.03-2.01] and 2.4 times higher for a BMI of 34.0 kg/m2 (95% CI, 1.07-5.45) compared with women with a BMI of 22.6 kg/m2. At age 85, risk of death was lower for a BMI of 27.3 kg/m2 (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65-1.01) or a BMI of 34.0 kg/m2 (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.36-1.02) compared with a BMI of 22.6 kg/m2. Similar results were observed for any cancer and breast cancer mortality. BMI was not associated with cardiovascular mortality.
Conclusions: In this population of older women, the effect of increased BMI on risk of mortality after breast cancer varied by age. These results differ from those observed among populations of younger postmenopausal breast cancer survivors. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1468–73)
Cholecystectomy and the Risk of Recurrent Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: Vinikoor Lisa C. , Robertson Douglas J. , Baron John A. , Silverman William B. , Sandler Robert S. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Prior studies have shown an increased risk of colorectal cancer following cholecystectomy, but few studies have explored the association between cholecystectomy and the risk of colorectal adenomas. We used data from three large randomized adenoma chemoprevention trials to explore the association between cholecystectomy and the occurrence of adenomas. After adjusting for confounding factors, we found no increased risk for adenomas among individuals who had undergone cholecystectomy [risk ratio (RR), 1.02; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.88-1.18]. There was a slight increase in the risk of advanced recurrent adenomas (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.94-1.76) and multiple advanced recurrent adenomas (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.97-1.85) but the 95% CIs included the null in both cases. We conclude that the increased risk for colorectal cancer following cholecystectomy seems to be due to a biological process occurring after the adenoma has developed. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1523–5)
Effects of an open-label pilot study with high-dose EPA/DHA concentrates on plasma phospholipids and behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Sorgi Paul J , Hallowell Edward M , Hutchins Heather L , Sears Barry 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurological condition in children. This pilot study evaluated the effects of high-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on the isolated plasma phospholipids and behavior in children with ADHD (primarily inattentive subtype and combined subtype).

Methods
Nine children were initially supplemented with 16.2 g EPA/DHA concentrates per day. The dosage was adjusted dependent on the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to EPA in the isolated plasma phospholipids at four weeks to reach a level normally found in the Japanese population.

Results
At the end of the eight-week study, supplementation resulted in significant increases in EPA and DHA, as well as a significant reduction in the AA:EPA ratio (20.78 ± 5.26 to 5.95 ± 7.35, p < 0.01). A psychiatrist (blind to supplement compliance or dosage modifications) reported significant improvements in behavior (inattention, hyperactivity, oppositional/defiant behavior, and conduct disorder). There was also a significant correlation between the reduction in the AA:EPA ratio and global severity of illness scores.

Conclusion
The findings of this small pilot study suggest supplementation with high-dose EPA/DHA concentrates may improve behavior in children with ADHD.
The effect of cryosurgery on the canine and human larynx
Authors: Hong Soo Wung , Silverstein Herbert , Sadeghee Saeed 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effect of cryosurgery with the Brymill laryngeal spray was studied in 14 canine larynges. The liquid nitrogen spray was applied via a laryngo fissure or through the Jako suspension laryngoscope. Tissue temperatures were recorded with a thermocouple. The effects of liquid nitrogen spray on canine laryngeal tissues to determine the amount of tissue which can be destroyed, while preserving normal laryngeal function, were studied.The results of the treatment of four patients with the laryngeal cryosurgery are presented.
Five hundred cancers of the larynx and pyriform sinus: Results of treatment by radiation and surgery
Authors: Kirchner John A. , Owen James R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThree hundred eighty cancers of the larynx and 120 of the pyriform sinus were treated in the 15 years from 1958‐1973 at Yale‐New Haven Hospital. They were studied for response to treatment by surgery, radiation or a combination of the two. Overall control rates in the entire group of 500 were 51% for radiotherapy, 51% for surgery. Further analysis showed significant differences in the results obtained by stage and by location for surgery and radiotherapy. The total number of cases treated by combined therapy was relatively small, except for pyriform sinus.Radiotherapy success showed a steep gradient from 82% in Tl lesions to 5% in T4. The gradient for surgery was less steep with 64% success for Tl and 40% for T4. Both radiotherapy and surgery were most successful in glottic cancer and least successful in the pyriform sinus. However, the success range varied more with radiation than with surgery (83% success in glottic cancer, 5% in pyriform sinus cancer for radiotherapy; 81% in glottic cancer and 24% in pyriform sinus for surgery). Late primary recurrences (3 years or more after radiation therapy) developed only in the glottic group.Recurrent cancer at the primary site in non‐glottic lesions appeared within 2 years after radiotherapy in 65 of the 66 local recurrences. Similarly, 77 of the 82 local recurrences of non‐glottic cancer after surgery appeared within 2 years.With only 1 exception in 34 cases, surgical salvage of radiation failures succeeded only in glottic cancer.Of the 136 T1 glottic lesions there were no discernible regional metas‐tases. In the remaining 73 glottic T2 and T3 lesions, cervical node me‐tastases developed in 8 lesions.Supraglottic cancer was the most likely to produce cervical node metastasis from an early primary lesion (5 Tl lesions among 10 supraglottic lesions with unrecognized positive nodes).Eight of the 65 patients with fixed cervical node metastasis were controlled with no evidence of disease after 3 years.Among the treatment failures, most of those in the radiotherapy group were due to uncontrolled primary disease (72%). The failures among the surgical group were due mainly to metastasis (72%).Final controls obtained by surgery, radiotherapy, combined treatment and secondary salvage of radiation or surgical failures were as follows: glottic 82%; supraglottic 58%; transglottic 58%; subglottic 60%; pyriform sinus 17%.
The effect of tracheostomy on the laryngeal closure reflex
Authors: Sasaki Clarence T. , Suzuki Masafumi , Horiuchi Masatoshi , Kirchner John A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe clinical observation of aspiration following prolonged tracheostomy prompted a neurophysiologic investigation of the glottic closure reflex in dogs longitudinally evaluated after permanent tracheostomy. The data support significant alterations in the central organization of the protective closure reflex heretofore considered phylogenetically primitive and therefore physiologically stable over wide ranges of functional demand. The data indicate that chronic upper airway bypass results in: 1. increased threshold of the evoked adductor response; 2. random shifts in its latency; 3. rapid attenuation of the primary evoked response to repetitive SLN stimulation; and U. reduced after‐discharge activity, all of which contribute to a weakened, ill‐coordinated closure response.
Central auditory imperception
Authors: Snow James B. , Rintelmann William F. , Miller Josef M. , Konkle Dan F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe development of clinically applicable techniques for the evaluation of hearing impairment caused by lesions of the central auditory pathways has increased clinical interest in the anatomy and physiology of these pathways. A conceptualization of present understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the central auditory pathways is presented.Clinical tests based on reduction of redundancy of the speech message, degradation of speech and binaural interactions are presented. Specifically performance‐intensity functions, filtered speech tests, competing message tests and time‐compressed speech tests are presented with the emphasis on our experience with time‐compressed speech tests. With proper use of these tests not only can central auditory impairments be detected, but brain stem lesions can be distinguished from cortical lesions.
Acinic cell tumors of salivary gland origin
Authors: Clemis Jack D. , Bland James , Fung Christopher 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe acinic cell tumor of salivary gland origin, once thought to be benign, is now known to be an incidiously slow growing malignant neoplasm with lethal potential. While the degree of malignant behavior of individual acinic cell tumors is notably variable, all must be treated with aggression. Traditional and current methods of treatment are reviewed; and, in conjunction with the tumors herein reported, guidelines for management of this uncommon malignancy are suggested. Four cases have been reviewed in detail and critically analyzed. The pathology, including features of both light and electron microscopy, is included‐particularly in relation to the oncocytoid areas identified in from 10% to 40% of the parenchymal cells of our tumors. Since an accurate histopathologic diagnosis is the first step in the establishment of a proper treatment plan, pitfalls in histologie diagnosis have been stressed.
Composite resection in the elderly: A well‐tolerated procedure
Authors: Johnson Jonas T. , Rabuzzi Daniel D. , Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe advisability of surgery in the elderly must be weighed against continued nonoperative care. The gloomy prospects of the patient with uncontrolled carcinoma of the head and neck led to the development and wide application of the composite resection for control of carcinoma of the oral cavity. The risks involved in this major undertaking in the elderly have not been previously reported.To this end a retrospective study of charts of patients over the age of 64 were reviewed and complications categorized. A representative group of younger patients were similarly reviewed for comparison.Wound complication rates were similar in the two groups, however the elderly were more likely to suffer associated medical problems which tended to be of a more serious nature.An overall complication rate of 29% was encountered with a mortality of 4%.
Middle ear effusions in neonates
Authors: Balkany Thomas J. , Berman Steven A. , Simmons Michael A. , Jafek Bruce W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSuppurative middle ear effusions (MEE) have been shown to occur commonly in neonates. In spite of this, otoscopy is not routinely performed on septic infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). This is clinically significant since unrecognized suppurative MEE may act as a focus for dissemination of bacteria into the circulation and/or central nervous system (CNS).We have completed a prospective study in an attempt to define the prevalence, bacteriology, and response to therapy of MEE in neonates. To facilitate this, the normal micro‐otoscopic appearance of the newborn TM was established by systematically examining 50 normal infants under 24 hours old.MEE was present in 30% of 125 consecutively examined infants in the neonatal ICU. Bacteriologic data are drawn from tympanocentesis performed on 34 neonates. Nasotracheal intubation of longer than seven days is highly associated with suppurative MEE. Suppurative MEE in the neonatal ICU is often refactory to treatment and may require prolonged therapy and repeated tympanocentesis.
Deficient cell‐mediated immunity in head and neck cancer patients secondary to autologous suppressive immune cells
Authors: Berlingek Norman T. , Hilal Elias Y. , Oettgen Herbert F. , Good Robert A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFifty‐four patients with epidermoid head and neck cancer were studied with routine and modified mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) techniques to quantify and characterize their cell‐mediated immunity (CMI). Of these, 67% demonstrated deficient CMI in MLC. Employing G&10 column filtration to remove adherent cells selectively, the authors found that 56% of these deficient individuals demonstrated significantly increased lymphocyte responsiveness in MLC. Returning the adherent cells to the cultures usually recaptured the suppressive effect of these adherent cells. Cell marker analyses reveal that the macrophage is the most likely candidate for this suppressive cell. Therapeutic measures which address this paradoxically suppressive cell could be of benefit in enhancing CMI and gaining tumor control.
Acute epiglottitis: Intubation versus tracheostomy.
Authors: Cantrell Robert W. , Bell Roger A. , Morioka Wilfred T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAcute epiglottitis is a disease with significant mortality. The patient, usually an otherwise healthy pre‐school child, develops a sore throat and muffled voice from swollen supraglottic structures, and may progress rapidly to respiratory arrest. Early diagnosis and airway maintenance can prevent these fatalities. Whether to secure an airway by tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation is the subject of much discussion.Nineteen series totalling 738 cases of epiglottitis plus 11 new cases are reviewed. These patients were treated as follows: Tracheostomy = 348 (3 deaths ‐ 0.86%); Endotracheal intubation = 216 (2 deaths ‐ 0.92%); Medical management with no artificial airway = 214 (13 deaths ‐ 6.1%). The difference in morbidity and mortality between tracheostomy or nasotracheal intubation is so slight that the choice should be determined by local factors.Medical management with no artificial airway should not be used in children.
Efficiently Learning Metric and Topological Maps with Autonomous Service Robots (Effizientes Lernen metrischer und topologischer Karten mit autonomen Servicerobotern)
Authors: Stachniss Cyrill , Grisetti Giorgio , Mozos Oscar Martinez , Burgard Wolfram 
Published: July 2007

Summary
Models of the environment are needed for a wide range of robotic applications, from search and rescue to automated vacuum cleaning. Learning maps has therefore been a major research focus in the robotics community over the last decades. In general, one distinguishes between metric and topological maps. Metric maps model the environment based on grids or geometric representations whereas topological maps model the structure of the environment using a graph. The contribution of this paper is an approach that learns a metric as well as a topological map based on laser range data obtained with a mobile robot. Our approach consists of two steps. First, the robot solves the simultaneous localization and mapping problem using an efficient probabilistic filtering technique. In a second step, it acquires semantic information about the environment using machine learning techniques. This semantic information allows the robot to distinguish between different types of places like, e. g., corridors or rooms. This enables the robot to construct annotated metric as well as topological maps of the environment. All techniques have been implemented and thoroughly tested using real mobile robot in a variety of environments.
Zfp206 Is a Transcription Factor That Controls Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Zheng-Xu , Kueh Jacqueline L.L. , Teh Christina Hui-Leng , Rossbach Michael , Lim Linda , Li Pin , Wong Kee-Yew , Lufkin Thomas , Robson Paul , Stanton Lawrence W. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Zfp206 (ZNF206 in human) encodes a zinc finger- and SCAN domain-containing protein that is highly expressed in pluripotent ESC. Upon differentiation of human and mouse ESC, Zfp206 expression is quickly repressed. Zfp206 was found to be expressed throughout embryogenesis but absent in adult tissues except testis. We have identified a role for Zfp206 in controlling ESC differentiation. ESC engineered to overexpress Zfp206 were found to be resistant to differentiation induced by retinoic acid. In addition, ESC with knocked-down expression of Zfp206 were more sensitive to differentiation by retinoic acid treatment. We found that Zfp206 was able to enhance expression from its own promoter and also activate transcription of the Oct4 and Nanog promoters. Our results show that Zfp206 is an embryonic transcription factor that plays a role in regulating pluripotency of embryonic stem cells.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Cyclopamine-Mediated Hedgehog Pathway Inhibition Depletes Stem-Like Cancer Cells in Glioblastoma
Authors: Bar Eli E. , Chaudhry Aneeka , Lin Alex , Fan Xing , Schreck Karisa , Matsui William , Piccirillo Sara , Vescovi Angelo L. , DiMeco Francesco , Olivi Alessandro , Eberhart Charles G. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Brain tumors can arise following deregulation of signaling pathways normally activated during brain development and may derive from neural stem cells. Given the requirement for Hedgehog in non-neoplastic stem cells, we investigated whether Hedgehog blockade could target the stem-like population in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We found that Gli1, a key Hedgehog pathway target, was highly expressed in 5 of 19 primary GBM and in 4 of 7 GBM cell lines. Shh ligand was expressed in some primary tumors, and in GBM-derived neurospheres, suggesting a potential mechanism for pathway activation. Hedgehog pathway blockade by cyclopamine caused a 40%–60% reduction in growth of adherent glioma lines highly expressing Gli1 but not in those lacking evidence of pathway activity. When GBM-derived neurospheres were treated with cyclopamine and then dissociated and seeded in media lacking the inhibitor, no new neurospheres formed, suggesting that the clonogenic cancer stem cells had been depleted. Consistent with this hypothesis, the stem-like fraction in gliomas marked by both aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and Hoechst dye excretion (side population) was significantly reduced or eliminated by cyclopamine. In contrast, we found that radiation treatment of our GBM neurospheres increased the percentage of these stem-like cells, suggesting that this standard therapy preferentially targets better-differentiated neoplastic cells. Most importantly, viable GBM cells injected intracranially following Hedgehog blockade were no longer able to form tumors in athymic mice, indicating that a cancer stem cell population critical for ongoing growth had been removed.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Pluripotentiality and Conditional Transgene Regulation in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Expressing Insulated Tetracycline-ON Transactivator
Authors: Vieyra Diego S. , Goodell Margaret A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Conditional manipulation of gene expression by using tetracycline (TET)-ON based approaches has proven invaluable to study fundamental aspects of biology; however, the functionality of these systems in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) has not been established. Given the sensitivity of these cells to both genetic manipulation and variations of culture conditions, constitutive expression of TET transactivators might not only be toxic for hESC but might also impair their ability to self-renew or differentiate into multiple tissues. Therefore, the effect of these transactivators on the biology and pluripotentiality of hESC must first be evaluated before broad use of TET-ON methodologies is applied in these cells. Improved insulated lentivectors that display stable transgene expression and minimal insertional transactivation have been described for hESC. By using insulated lentivectors that allow simultaneous expression of TET components and fluorescent reporters, here we demonstrate that hESC constitutively expressing the TET-ON transactivator rtTA2SM2 can be derived and expanded in culture while retaining inducible transgene expression and pluripotentiality, including marker expression, a normal karyotype, and the ability to generate multiple tissues of different germ layer origin in teratomas. We also show that these cells retain the ability to control the expression of a stable integrated transgene in a doxycycline-dependent manner, which demonstrates that an insulated TET-ON lentiviral system is functional in hESC. Together, our results indicate that improved TET regulators like rtTA2SM2 in combination with insulated lentiviral-based systems offer alternative strategies for conditional gene expression in hESC.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Voltage‐to‐Frequency Converters
Authors: Vidal‐Verdú Fernando , Navas‐González Rafael , Delgado‐Restituto Manuel , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Angel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionBasic Concepts and Models for Oscillator DesignConverters Based on MultivibratorsSchmitt Trigger Type ConvertersDesign Issues and Limitations of Converters Based on MultivibratorsFrequency to Voltage ConversionApplicationsAcknowledgment
Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields with Emphasis on Health and Safety
Authors: Foster Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article will focus on biological effects of electromagnetic fields with emphasis on potential hazards (i.e, effects that a person would perceive as adverse to health and safety). The frequency range to be covered is from DC through microwaves (0–300 GHz). Excluded from this review are hazards resulting from contact of the body with external conductors, such as electric shock and burns. Moreover, its approach is tutorial rather than comprehensive. Readers are referred to the sources in the annotated bibliography for additional information.
Shape Representation
Authors: Farin Gerald 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere are many ways to digitally represent two‐dimensional (2D) or three‐dimensional (3D) shapes. This article is a survey of the most important ones.IntroductionThe Shape of TrianglesBézier CurvesB‐spline CurvesNurbsThe Shape of CurvesParameteric SurfacesSubdivision SurfacesThe Shape of SurfacesTriangle MeshesVolumetric Data