bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular dopamine induces the oxidative toxicity of SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Jiang Yuhua , Pei Lin , Li Shupeng , Wang Min , Liu Fang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDopamine‐induced neuronal cytotoxicity has been proposed as a leading pathological mechanism underlying many neuronal degenerative disorders including Parkinson disease. Various hypotheses have been proposed including oxidative stress and dopamine (DA)‐induced intracellular signal disorder via DA D1 and D2 receptors. The exact mechanism involved in this process is far from clear. In this study, employing a neuronal blastoma cell line, SH‐SY5Y, we tried to elucidate the roles of these different suggested mechanisms in this pathological process. The results showed that DA induced cell toxicity in a dose‐ and time‐dependent way. Selective D1 and D2 DA receptor antagonist could not block the cytotoxic effects, whereas reductive reagent ascorbic acid but not GSH could effectively rescue the cell death, suggesting that DA‐induced cell toxicity was caused by an extracellular oxidative stress. This was further supported by the enhancing effects of DA transporter blocker, GBR, which could increase the cell death when pretreated. Finally, ascorbic acid could also protect SY5Y cells from DA‐induced cellular apoptotic signal changes including PARP and P53. Our studies suggested that DA exerted its cytotoxic effects via an extracellular metabolism, whereas intracellular transportation could reduce its oxidative stress. Cytotoxicity effects induced by extracellular DA could be protected by reductive agents as ascorbic acid. These results help to broaden our understanding of the mechanisms of DA‐induced cell death and may provide potentially therapeutical alternative for the neurodegenerative disorders. Synapse 62:797–803, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phencyclidine and glutamate agonist LY379268 stimulate dopamine D2Highreceptors: D2 basis for schizophrenia
Authors: Seeman Philip , Guan Hong‐Chang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIt has previously been reported that the glutamate ionotropic antagonist phencyclidine directly inhibits the release of prolactin in anterior pituitary cells in culture, suggesting that phencyclidine has a dopamine (DA)‐like action on prolactin‐releasing cells. It has also been reported that the glutamate metabotropic agonist LY379268 can stimulate the incorporation of [35S]GTP‐γ‐S into DA D2Long receptors. The present study was done to examine whether such glutamatergic drugs had similar actions on the DA D2Short receptor. The present results show that phencyclidine, ketamine, and LY379268 also stimulated the incorporation of [35S]GTP‐γ‐S into D2Short receptors. The proportion of D2Long and D2Short receptors existing in the high‐affinity state were both markedly reduced by NaCl. While phencyclidine and LY379268 each stimulated the incorporation of GTP‐γ‐S into D2Long and D2Short receptors, this stimulation was reduced by NaCl, with D2Short being much more sensitive than D2Long to the inhibition by NaCl. The binding of phencyclidine and LY379268 to D2Highreceptors in vivo was directly confirmed by the i.v. injection of phencyclidine and LY379268 in which 50% inhibited the binding of [3H]PHNO to the striatum ex vivo at 0.25 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. The results confirm that glutamate agonists and antagonists have a significant affinity for DA D2Highreceptors. The psychotogenic action of phencyclidine may stem from a combination or synergistic action of glutamate receptor antagonism and DA D2 agonism. In addition, the antipsychotic clinical action of LY379268 congeners such as LY404039 may be related to a combined or synergistic action of glutamate receptor stimulation together with a partial DA agonist action that reduces endogenous DA neurotransmission. Synapse 62:819–828, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective Growth of Vertical-aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays on Si Substrate by Catalyst-free Thermal Evaporation
Authors: Wang H , Zhang ZP , Wang XN , Mo Q , Wang Y , Zhu JH , Wang HB , Yang FJ , Jiang Y 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
By thermal evaporation of pure ZnO powders, high-density vertical-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with diameter ranged in 80–250 nm were successfully synthesized on Si substrates covered with ZnO seed layers. It was revealed that the morphology, orientation, crystal, and optical quality of the ZnO nanorod arrays highly depend on the crystal quality of ZnO seed layers, which was confirmed by the characterizations of field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. For ZnO seed layer with wurtzite structure, the ZnO nanorods grew exactly normal to the substrate with perfect wurtzite structure, strong near-band-edge emission, and neglectable deep-level emission. The nanorods synthesized on the polycrystalline ZnO seed layer presented random orientation, wide diameter, and weak deep-level emission. This article provides a C-free and Au-free method for large-scale synthesis of vertical-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays by controlling the crystal quality of the seed layer.
A Striking Parallel Between Cardiolipin Fatty Acid Composition and Phylogenetic Belonging in Marine Bivalves: A Possible Adaptative Evolution?
Authors: Kraffe E. , Grall J. , Le Duff M. , Soudant P. , Marty Y. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThirty‐five species of marine mollusk bivalves were analyzed for their fatty acid (FA) composition of cardiolipin (Ptd2Gro). All species showed a Ptd2Gro with strong selectivity for only a few polyunsaturated fatty acids, but three characteristic FA profiles emerged, with clear parallels to bivalve phylogeny. A first group of 12 species belonging to the Eupteriomorphia subgroup (Filibranchia) was characterized by a Ptd2Gro almost exclusively composed of 22:6n‐3, whereas in the four Filibranchia Pteriomorph species analyzed, this FA was combined with substantial proportions of 18:2n‐6 and 18:3n‐3. Finally, a third group of 20 species, all belonging to the Heterodonta subclass, possessed Ptd2Gro containing predominantly both 22:6n‐3 and 20:5n‐3. Polyunsaturated FA moieties and arrangements in the Ptd2Gro of some marine species investigated in other classes of the mollusk phylum (Gastropoda, Polyplacophora) were found to be different. The present results suggest that the specific Ptd2Gro FA compositions in bivalves are likely to be controlled and conserved in species of the same phylogenetic group. Functional significances of the evolution of this mitochondrial lipid structure in bivalves are discussed.
Anti‐Nutritional Components, Fibre, Sinapine and Glucosinolate Content, in Australian Canola (Brassica napus L.) Meal
Authors: Mailer Rodney J. , McFadden Amanda , Ayton Jamie , Redden Bob 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCanola meal is highly regarded as a component of animal feed with a high protein content and a desirable amino acid profile. The presence of some components, in particular glucosinolates, sinapine and fibre, affects the value of the meal and reduces the amount that can be used in animal feed formulations. Glucosinolates in traditional cultivars (rapeseed) had very high amounts and this severely limited the usefulness of the meal. Canola breeding programs have successfully reduced glucosinolate content to trace amounts. However sinapine remains at levels sufficiently high to cause problems, particularly in poultry feed. The relatively high fibre level in canola also reduces the value of the product for animal feed. This study has determined the level of sinapine, glucosinolates and fibre in current cultivars of canola in Australia to illustrate advances made by breeding programs and limitations which still remain to raise the usefulness of a potentially valuable feedstock. Although glucosinolate levels in meal were shown to have been reduced to 11 μmol/g in some cases, sinapine remained at traditional levels of about 12–15 g/kg and neutral detergent fibre levels were about 30–40%. These issues are important priorities for canola breeders.
Determination of the Fatty Acid Composition of Acorn (Quercus), Pistacia lentiscus Seeds Growing in Algeria
Authors: Charef M. , Yousfi Mohamed , Saidi M. , Stocker P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe fruits of two plants from Algeria (Quercus and Pistacia lentiscus) were investigated. The paper reports the chemical characteristics and the fatty acid composition of the oil extracts from the fruits. The black fruits of P. lentiscus has the highest crude fat of 32.8%, followed by the red fruits with 11.7%, and the lowest value of 9% in Quercus (acorn). The acid value was highest in red fruits of P. lentiscus oil (24.0 mg KOH/g), followed by the black fruits oil and lowest in acorn oil. The relatively high iodine value in the oils indicates the presence of many unsaturated bonds. Saponification value was highest in the Quercus ilex oil (166.7 mg KOH/g), while the lowest value was in the black fruits of P. lentiscus oil. Gas‐liquid chromatography revealed that the three dominant fatty acids found are: palmitic C16:0 (16.3–19.5%), oleic C18:1 (55.3–64.9%), linoleic C18:2 (17.6–28.4%). The oils contain an appreciable amount of unsaturated fatty acids (78.8–83.5%).
Establishment and characteristics of white ear lobe chicken embryo fibroblast line and expression of six fluorescent proteins in the cells
Authors: Wu Hongmei , Guan Weijun , Li Han , Ma Yuehui 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA white ear lobe chicken embryo (WELCE) fibroblast cell bank, containing 322 tubes of frozen cells, was successfully established from primary explants of 57 embryo samples. The cells were morphologically consistent with fibroblasts, and the growth curve was sigmoidal with a population doubling time (PDT) of 48 h. Karyotyping and G‐banding indicated a total chromosome number of 2n = 78; the rate of diploidy in the cell bank was 97.62%. The cells were also free from bacterial, fungal, viral and mycoplasma contamination. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isoenzymes ruled out cross‐contamination between cells. In order to study exogenous gene expression, six fluorescent proteins were transfected into the WELCE cells. The transfection efficiency of these genes was between 10.1 and 41.9%. The corresponding fluorescence was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus 24 h after transfection. The results indicate that the quality of the cell line meet the quality requirements of the ATCC (American Type Culture Collection).
Can monitoring of intrathoracic impedance reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure? Rationale and design of the Diagnostic Outcome Trial in Heart Failure (DOT‐HF)☆
Authors: Braunschweig Frieder , Ford Ian , Conraads Viviane , Cowie Martin R. , Jondeau Guillaume , Kautzner Josef , Lunati Maurizio , Aguilera Roberto Munoz , Yu Cheuk Man , Marijianowski Monique , Borggrefe Martin , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. ,   DOT‐HF steering committee and investigators
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground:Chronic heart failure is associated with frequent hospitalisations which are often due to volume‐overload decompensation. Monitoring of intrathoracic impedance, measured from an implanted device, can detect increases in pulmonary fluid retention early and facilitate timely treatment interventions.Objective:The DOT‐HF trial is designed to investigate if ambulatory monitoring of intrathoracic impedance together with other device‐based diagnostic information can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure who are treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and/or an implantable defibrillator (ICD).Methods:Approximately 2400 patients will be randomised in a 1:1 fashion to a management strategy with access to the diagnostic information from the implantable device (“access arm”), or a “control arm”, where this information is not made available. Study subjects fulfil standard indications for CRT and/or ICD as outlined in current guidelines. In the access arm, a fluid alert algorithm is used to give early warning of decreasing intrathoracic impedance indicating a high risk of an impending volume‐overload decompensation. The primary endpoint of DOT‐HF is the composite of all‐cause mortality or heart failure hospitalisation. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include all‐cause mortality, the impact on total health care utilization, quality of life and cost effectiveness. The study is expected to close recruitment during 2010 and to report in 2012.
Nutritional intervention in patients with periodontal disease: clinical, immunological and microbiological variables during 12 months
Authors: Jenzsch Axel , Eick Sigrun , Rassoul Fausi , Purschwitz Regina , Jentsch Holger 
Published: August 2008

The role of nutrition in onset, progression and treatment of periodontitis has not been thoroughly evaluated. In the present prospective clinical study, we investigated the influence of a nutritional intervention on changes in clinical, microbiological and immunological periodontal variables during a period of 12 months in patients with the metabolic syndrome and chronic periodontitis. Twenty female subjects with the metabolic syndrome and mild to moderate chronic periodontitis participated in a guided nutritional intervention programme. Examinations were assessed before, and at 2 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after intervention. Clinical measurements included probing depth, Löe and Silness gingival index and Quigley–Hein plaque index. In gingival crevicular fluid, periodontopathogens, levels of IL-1β and IL-6 as well as the activity of granulocyte elastase were determined. In stimulated saliva, antioxidative and oxidative variables were measured. After 12 months the following significant changes could be observed: reduction of clinical probing depth (2·40v.2·20 mm;P < 0·001), reduction of gingival inflammation (gingival index 1·13v.0·9;P < 0·001), reduced concentrations of IL-1β (4·63v.1·10 pg/ml per site;P < 0·001) as well as IL-6 (1·85v.0·34 pg/ml per site;P = 0·022) in gingival crevicular fluid. Bacterial counts in gingival crevicular fluid as well as oxidative and antioxidative variables in saliva showed no significant changes. Only salivary catalase showed a tendency to lower values. These findings indicate that in patients with the metabolic syndrome wholesome nutrition might reduce inflammatory variables of periodontal disease and promote periodontal health.
Fault reactivation and pseudotachylite generation in the semi-brittle and brittle regimes: examples from the Gavilgarh–Tan Shear Zone, central India
Authors: CHATTOPADHYAY A. , KHASDEO L. , HOLDSWORTH R. E. , SMITH S. A. F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn the sheared and foliated granitoids of the Proterozoic Gavilgarh–Tan Shear Zone (GTSZ) in central India, two types of pseudotachylite (Pt-M and Pt-C) are recognized. Pt-M layers are interbanded with mylonite and ultramylonite, show strong internal plastic deformation and buckle folding concurrent with the host rocks, and appear to have formed within the greenschist facies (300–400 °C) in the brittle–plastic transitional (semi-brittle) regime. Pt-C layers show sharp contacts with the host rock, exhibit abundant coeval cataclasis, preserve no evidence of subsequent plastic deformation, and formed at shallower depths, at temperature < 300 °C. Sulphide droplets and embayment of quartz grain margins in the pseudotachylite (Pt-C) matrix indicates a melt origin. Ductile shear sense criteria in the host mylonites are consistently sinistral, while those associated with the deformed pseudotachylite (Pt-M) layers are dextral. It appears therefore that the host mylonite/ultramylonite foliation experienced reactivated slip movement in the ‘semi-brittle’ zone when pseudotachylite was generated and subsequently ductilely deformed. The brittle pseudotachylite (Pt-C) layers were generated later at a shallower level, and at a lower temperature. They are spatially associated with a set of foliation-parallel brittle shears with sinistral-sense displacements. The multiple episodes of frictional melt generation within the Gavilgarh–Tan Shear Zone illustrate that it has a complex history of multiple reactivations. It therefore represents an important new area for the study of seismic behaviour of the upper crust along pre-existing structures and may facilitate a better geological understanding of the present seismic activity in the central Indian Shield.
Cognitive memory control in borderline personality disorder patients
Authors: Sala M. , Caverzasi E. , Marraffini E. , De Vidovich G. , Lazzaretti M. , d'Allio G. , Isola M. , Balestrieri M. , D'Angelo E. , Thyrion F. Zappoli , Scagnelli P. , Barale F. , Brambilla P. 
Published: August 2008

BackgroundIt has been demonstrated that the mechanism of cognitive memory control in humans is sustained by the hippocampus and prefrontal cortices, which have been found to be structurally and functionally abnormal in borderline personality disorder (BPD). We investigated whether the memory control mechanism is affected in BPD.MethodNineteen Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV BPD patients and 19 matched healthy controls (HC) performed a specific think/no-think paradigm exploring the capacity of remembering and suppressing pair of words previously learned. After the think–no think phase, the second member of each word pair has to be remembered either when subjects are presented with the cue word showed at the beginning of the test (Same Probe Test; SPT) or when they are presented with an extra-list categorical word (Independent Probe Test; IPT). We evaluated the effect of suppression and of retrieval activity on later retention of words.ResultsBoth on the SPT and on the IPT, HC showed the expected improvement of memory retrieval on to-be-remembered words, unlike BPD patients. On the SPT, HC, but not BPD patients, correctly recalled significantly more words among remembered words (RW) than among suppressed words (SW). Similarly to HC, subjects with BPD without a history of childhood abuse showed a significantly higher percentage of correctly recalled words among RW than among SW.ConclusionsThe mechanism of active retrieval of memories and of improvement through repetition is impaired in BPD, particularly in those who experienced traumatic experiences. This impairment might play an important role, possibly resulting in the emergence of unwanted memories and dissociative symptoms.
Early striatal hypertrophy in first-episode psychosis within 3 weeks of initiating antipsychotic drug treatment
Authors: Chua S. E. , Deng Y. , Chen E. Y. H. , Law C. W. , Chiu C. P. Y. , Cheung C. , Wong J. C. H. , Lienenkaëmper N. , Cheung V. , Suckling J. , McAlonan G. M. 
Published: August 2008

BackgroundWe and others have reported that patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis already have significant structural brain abnormalities. Antipsychotics seem to reverse subcortical volume deficits after months of treatment. However, the early impact of medication on brain morphology is not known.MethodForty-eight individuals in their first episode of psychosis underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scanning. Twenty-six were antipsychotic naive and 22 were newly treated with antipsychotic medication for a median period of 3 weeks. In each group, 80% of subjects received a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The two groups were balanced for age, sex, handedness, ethnicity, height, years of education, paternal socio-economic status (SES) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score. Group differences in whole-brain grey matter were compared voxel by voxel, using Brain Activation and Morphological Mapping (BAMM) software. We also conducted testing of group differences with region-of-interest (ROI) measurements of the caudate nucleus.ResultsRelative to the untreated group, those receiving antipsychotic medication for 3–4 weeks had significantly greater grey-matter volumes in the bilateral caudate and cingulate gyri, extending to the left medial frontal gyrus. ROI analysis confirmed that, in treated patients, the right and left caudate nuclei were significantly larger by 10% (p<0.039, two-tailed) and 9% (p<0.048, two-tailed) respectively.ConclusionsEarly striatal grey-matter enlargement may occur within the first 3–4 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. Possible reasons for putative striatal hypertrophy and its implications are discussed.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, YIELD AND POPULATION DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOBLE CRAYFISH ASTACUS ASTACUS IN LAKE STEINSFJORDEN
Authors: SKURDAL J. , GARNÅS E. , TAUGBØL T. 
Published: August 2008

Lake Steinsfjorden is the most important noble crayfish locality in Norway. The crayfish population has been monitored annually since 1979 including data on total trapping effort, yield and population composition before and after the catching season.
The harvest has ranged from 0.7-4.7 kg.ha-1. The catch per trap night decreased prior to 1991 and the yield was reduced by some 50% over the years 1987-1992 as compared to 1979-1986. This was due to removal of small crayfish, high exploitation and the establishment of dense stands of Canadian pondweed (Elodea canadensis).
Baited traps catch a large fraction of crayfish < 95 mm total length minimum size. These should according to the regulations immediately be released into the lake. However, it is apparent from the size composition that release of these small crayfish was rather incomplete. In 1983, trap mesh size was increased from 17.5 mm to 21 mm to reduce the fraction of undersized crayfish in the trap catches, yet no effects of this increased mesh size on crayfish size distribution were observed. The legal season has been reduced three times during the study period. In 1983, the closing date was changed from 31 December to 15 September. In 1989 the legal season was further reduced to two weeks and finally in 1995 to 10 days. This reduced total trap effort by 45%. The shorter season allow many crayfish to moult twice instead of once between seasons and the fraction of large crayfish has thus increased and so has the catch per trap night. Canadian pondweed has established dense annual stands and thus has made large parts of the shallow areas unsuitable for crayfish, causing an overall decrease in crayfish population size and production.
ROUNDTABLE SESSION 4A: MANAGEMENT: REINTRODUCTIONS AND RESTOCKING.
Authors: SCHULZ R. , STUCKI T. , SOUTY-GROSSET C. 
Published: August 2008

The present paper summarizes the outcome of a roundtable discussion on reintroductions or restocking as a management strategy for native European crayfish, which took place during the European Crayfish conference in Poitiers, France in September 2001.
Aspects related to the suitability of the target habitat, the stocking material and the stocking procedure itself are important to consider during any reintroduction measure: Apart from general water quality and structural parameters, a suitable habitat is ideally geographically isolated from other surface waters and human activities such as intensive fishing pressure. However, it is of striking importance to make sure that the target habitat is free of crayfish plague, e.g. by experimental in situ exposure of native specimens. Overexploitation should be avoided if the stocking material originates from other surface waters and genetic aspects should be considered in stocking material originating from both natural surface waters and crayfish farms. Information for the stocking procedure itself are summarized from experiences gathered in various European countries.
As an overall result of the discussion, the following three key questions related to reintroductions of native crayfish arised: 1. Why are the native crayfish not present (anymore) in the target habitat? 2. Do native crayfish survive in situ exposure as a test for crayfish plague? 3. Is the reintroduction or restocking measure successful in establishing a self-sustaining stock of native crayfish?