bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen-17 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. III. Oxygen Atoms with a Coordination Number of Two
Authors: Sugawara Tadashi , Kawada Yuzo , Katoh Morimatsu , Iwamura Hiizu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fourier transform 17O NMR spectra have been measured for a number of alcohols, ethers, acetals, formates, acetates, and esters of inorganic acids in natural abundance at 10.8 MHz. The 17O chemical shifts which cover a range as large as several hundred ppm are primarily governed by the sum of electronegativity of the first atoms or groups attached to the central oxygen. The downfield shift due to β-methyl groups in alcohols and ethers is in parallel with decrease in their ionization potentials, demonstrating the importance of the paramagnetic screening term in the 17O shifts of these compounds. Diamagnetic shift due to γ-carbons and -oxygens has also been disclosed.
Studies on Xanthylium Salts. Behaviour of 9-Vinylidenexanthenes in Acid Media
Authors: Abdul-Malik Nadia Fouad , Awad Sami Bassili , Sakla Alfy Badie 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Unsymmetrical allenes namely, 1,1-diaryl-2-(9′-xanthenylidene)ethylenes (1) reacted readily with perchloric acid, hydrogen chloride, and acetic acid to give the corresponding highly coloured 9-vinylxanthylium salts (3). The latter derivatives (3) thermally rearranged in acid media to give spiro[indene-1,9′-xanthene]s (7). Structures of compounds 3 and 7 were established from chemical and spectral evidences. A new route for synthesis of allenes (1) was reported.
Calculation of the H4 Potental Energy Surface by a Semi-empirical Method
Authors: Tanaka Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A semi-empirical method recently proposed for the calculation of the potential energy surface of the H3 system is extended to a larger polyatomic H4 system. The energy formula is based on the valence-bond formulation and is expressed as functions of many multiple exchange integrals. These integrals can be decomposed into “diatomic” contributions by using the Mulliken approximation. The diatomic contributions are estimated from accurate values of the H2 molecule. Calculations of the H4 potential energy for the symmetric linear, linear equidistant, and square planar configurations are presented. The present method is of use for dynamical studies of the H2+D2 exchange reaction.
The Activities of Methyl Orange and Homologs in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Mitsuishi Masaru , Yamaguchi Yuzoh 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mean activity coefficients of Methyl Orange (MO), Ethyl Orange (EO), Propyl Orange (PO), and Butyl Orange (BO) in aqueous solutions ranging in concentration from 10−3 to 10−2 mol kg−1 have been determined by means of isopiestic measurements at 50 and 60 °C respectively. It has been found that the mean activity coefficients of MO being the largest, and those of BO, the smallest. The coefficients have been found to decrease with an increase in the dye concentration. The examination of the results by Milicéivic treatment suggests that MO, EO, and PO are present as a monomer or a dimer, while BO exists as a trimer at 60 °C.
Molecular Force Field of Dialkyl Selenides
Authors: Matsuura Hiroatsu , Murata Hiromu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular force field in terms of the local symmetry coordinates was determined for unbranched dialkyl selenides. Twenty-six important force constants associated with the selenium part were adjusted by using about two hundred observed vibrational wave numbers for a total of twelve conformational isomers of ethyl methyl selenide, diethyl selenide, methyl propyl selenide, butyl methyl selenide, and ethyl propyl selenide. Remaining force constants of the selenides were assumed to be equivalent to those for unbranched dialkyl sulfides and alkanes. The least-squares calculation gave an overall root-mean-square deviation of 6.7 cm−1 between the observed and calculated wave numbers. The force constants and the results of the normal coordinate treatment are given in this paper.
Trimethylenediamine Complexes. VIII. Some Cis-Trans Isomeric Pairs of the Bis(trimethylenediamine)chromium(III) Complexes
Authors: Nakano Mamoru , Kawaguchi Shinichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The cis-trans isomeric pairs of diisothiocyanato-, dinitrito-, diazido-, diaqua-, and aquahydroxo-bis(trimethylenediamine)chromium(III) complexes have been obtained as crystals and characterized by infrared and electronic absorption spectra. The cis isomers of diisothiocyanato and diazido complexes as well as [Cr(N3)2(en)2]ClO4 were resolved and the absolute configurations of (+)589-cis-[Cr(NCS)2(tn)2]SCN, (+)589-cis-[Cr(N3)2(tn)2]ClO4, and (−)589-cis-[Cr(N3)2(en)2]ClO4 were all assigned to Δ.
The Acid Catalyzed Decomposition of Diazo Compounds. I. Synthesis of Oxazoles in the BF3 Catalyzed Reaction of Diazo Carbonyl Compounds with Nitriles
Authors: Ibata Toshikazu , Sato Ryohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The BF3-catalyzed decomposition of diazo carbonyl compounds in nitriles have afforded the corresponding oxazoles in high yields. This method is applicable to diazo carbonyl compounds such as m- and p-substituted diazoacetophenones, ethyl diazoacetate, 1,2-diphenyl-2-diazoethanone, dibenzoyldiazomethane, and dimethyl diazomalonate. Bis(diazo ketone)s such as terminal bis(diazoacetylated) alkanes (III1−4: n=6, 8, 10, 12) and m-and p-bis(diazoacetyl)benzenes also gave the corresponding bisoxazoles in a similar reaction. The reaction has been interpreted in terms of a stepwise mechanism via betaine intermediates initiated by the attack of BF3 on the carbonyl oxygen of diazo carbonyl compounds. The emission spectra of oxazoles are described.
Diversity in the Base-induced Photoreactions of Thiolane-2,4-dione and Derivatives. Reductive Ring Cleavage and Novel Rearrangements of the Carbon Skeleton
Authors: Saito Kimitoshi , Sato Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The irradiation of thiolane-2,4-dione (thiotetronic acid) and its derivatives, 1a–1d, in methanol in the presence of bases induced the reductive ring cleavage to give β,β′-diketo esters. The base-induced reductive ring cleavage was also observed in aprotic solvents, such as acetonitrile or acetone, although the products were obtained as β,β′-diketo amides in these cases. On the other hand, the irradiation of 1a–1d in water in the presence of bases induced a rearrangement of the carbon skeleton to give succinic thioanhydrides, γ-keto amides or succinamides, along with the reduction products. When pyridine was used as a base in the photolysis in water, two 3-acetyl derivatives, 1a and 1b, gave γ-keto thiols and the corresponding disulfides, resulted from another type of rearrangement of the carbon skeleton. Conceivable reaction mechanisms were discussed.
New Methods for Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Esters from Carbonyl Compounds Using Monoanions of Dithiocarbonates, and Dianions of Ethyl Mercaptoacetate and Ethyl 2-Mercaptopropionate
Authors: Tanaka Kazuhiko , Yamagishi Nobuyuki , Tanikaga Rikuhei , Kaji Aritsune 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The lithium enolates of O-alkyl S-alkoxycarbonylmethyl dithiocarbonates and monothiocarbonates were found to be efficient reagents for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters from carbonyl compounds by single-step procedure. The dianions of ethyl mercaptoacetate and ethyl 2-mercaptopropionate were successfully generated by treatment with 2.2 equivalents of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in the presence of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) at −78 °C in THF. The dianions so formed are highly reactive toward various electrophiles. The procedure leads to a novel one-pot synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic esters from carbonyl compounds.
Elimination Reactions of Halohydrin Derivatives with a Palladium (0) Complex
Authors: Sugita Toshio , Shiraiwa Yoshimi , Hasegawa Masayuki , Ichikawa Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Stilbene bromohydrin derivatives (Ph–CHBr–CHY–Ph: Y=OAc, OSO2CH3, OCH3, SCH3) and stilbene dibromide underwent β-elimination reaction with tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) to give stilbene. The stereochemistry of eliminations is nonselective except in the case of dibromide, where anti-selectivity is observed. A coupling reaction occurred favorably in the case of Y=OCH3.
The Jacobsen Rearrangement of Tribromobenzenes
Authors: Nakada Masahiro , Ishibashi Kiichiro , Fukushi Sachio , Hirota Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Jacobsen rearrangement of tribromobenzenes was investigated at 110–180 °C in concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction proceeds exclusively via the intramolecular 1,2-migration of the bromine atom, which is accelerated by the steric repulsion of the neighboring group. Sulfonation of both the reactant and the products occurs simultaneously with the rearrangement. The migration of bromine atoms in the sulfonic acids proceeds far more slowly, the rearranged products not being formed to any considerable extent by sulfonic acids.
Chemical Reactivity of Würster’s Salts at Very High Pressure
Authors: Onodera Akifumi , Sakata Tadayoshi , Tsubomura Hiroshi , Kawai Naoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrical and chemical properties of some Würster’s salts have been studied under the static pressure of up to 250 kbar. In most cases the resistances of the salts decreased to the respective minima and then rose irreversively with increasing pressure. Spectral observations on the recovered specimens revealed that such behavior is associated with chemical reaction induced by the pressure. This reaction takes place more readily in the salts of p-phenylenediamine cation radical than in those of Würster’s red or Würster’s blue radicals.
Magnetic Susceptibility and Low-field ESR of an Organic Ion-radical Salt, Tri-p-tolylaminiumyl Chloroantimonate
Authors: Yoshioka Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The static magnetic susceptibility and the low-field ESR spectra (33.6 and 135 MHz) of powder samples of tri-p-tolylaminiumyl chloroantimonate were measured above 1.7 K. A broad maximum in the susceptibility, which indicates an antiferromagnetic interaction, was observed at 6.0 K; this is consistent with the results of the proton NMR measurements. In the low-field ESR spectra, broadening of the g=2 absorption line and distinct appearance of the g=4 absorption line were observed in the temperature region below Tm, the temperature at which the susceptibility is maximum. The results are interpreted by assuming that the magnetic behavior is due to antiferromagnetic Heisenberg linear chains. An abrupt decrease in the g=2 absorption intensity and a rapid increase in the g=2 absorption linewidth were also found in the temperature range from 3.5 to 2.5 K, while a slight rise in the susceptibility was observed below 2.5 K. These anomalies may imply a magnetic-phase transition in the vicinity of 2.5 K.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Dichloro[1,3-bis(di-t-butylphosphino)propane]platinum(II) Chlorobenzene Solvate
Authors: Harada Masahiro , Kai Yasushi , Yasuoka Noritake , Kasai Nobutami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
X-Ray crystal structure analysis of [PtCl2{(t-Bu)2P(CH2)3P(t-Bu)2}]·0.5C6H5Cl has been carried out. Crystals belong to monoclinic system: a=11.532(2), b=14.984(5), c=16.455(4) Å, β=106.96(2)°, space group P21/c with Z=4. The structure, solved by the heavy-atom method, has been refined anisotropically by least-squares procedure to R=0.056 for 5019 non-zero reflections. The coordination around the platinum atom is approximately square-planar, however, it showed a slight deviation toward the tetrahedral geometry; Pt–P=2.281(3) and 2.282(3), Pt–Cl=2.359(3) and 2.362(3) Å, P–Pt–P=99.05(9) and Cl–Pt–Cl=83.18(11)°.
The Crystal Structure of fac(N)-Δ-Tris(l-asparaginato)cobalt(III) Trihydrate
Authors: Sekizaki Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of tris(l-asparaginato)cobalt(III) trihydrate, [Co(l-H2NCOCH2CHNH2COO)3]·3H2O, has been determined by the X-ray diffraction method, and refined by a block-diagonal least-squares method to give R=0.055 for 1302 non-zero reflections. The crystals are orthorhombic with a space group P212121, a=39.082(4), b=7.523(2), c=6.643(2) Å, and Z=4. The complex molecule has a slightly distorted octahedral coordination with fac(N)-Δ geometry. The three bidentate ligand ions form five-membered planar chelate rings with coordination through amino nitrogen and carboxyl oxygen atoms. The amide groups of the two side-chains approach the central atom, and the oxygen atoms are connected through intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Another amide group is, however, far from the central atom. The complex molecules are hydrogen-bonded to one another to form layers parallel to the (100) plane. These layers are piled up through hydrogen bonds to complete a threedimensional network.
Stereochemistry of Cobalt(III) Complexes with Sulfur-containing Amino-carboxylate. Mixed Cobalt(III) Complexes with l-Methioninate or S-Methyl-l-cysteinate and l- or d-Aspartate
Authors: Isago Takashi , Igi Kozo , Hidaka Jinsai 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Four kinds of [Co(N)2(O)3(S)] type mixed complexes, (l- or d-aspartato)(l-methioninato), and (l- or d-aspartato) (S-methyl-l-cysteinato)cobalt(III) complexes have been prepared and chromatographically separated into their three geometrical isomers, trans(N), trans(SO) and trans(SN), respectively. The isomers were identified from their electronic absorption and PMR spectra. The absolute configurations of sulfur atoms in the ligands after coordination were suggested on the basis of their PMR spectra. The circular dichroism spectra of the isomers were considered in relation to their geometrical configurations.
X-Ray Diffraction Studies on the Structures of Tetra- and Higherammine Complexes of Copper(II) Ion in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshio , Ohtaki Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From X-ray scattering measurements on ammoniacal aqueous solutions of copper(II) chloride at the NH3/Cu mole ratios of 4.8 and 5.0, four ammonia molecules at the equatorial position and other two water molecules at the axial one were found to be coordinated to a copper(II) ion at the distance of 2.03 and 2.33 Å, respectively. The radial distribution curve obtained for an aqueous solution of copper(II) chloride saturated with ammonia (NH3/Cu=11.2) showed that a higher ammine copper(II) complex than the tetraamminecopper(II) ion is formed in the solution. The complex has a distorted octahedral form in which the equatorial Cu–N bond distance is 1.93 Å. The axial apices of the octahedron at the distance of 2.30 Å are occupied by either an ammonia molecule and a water molecule or two ammonia molecules. The present study shows that the structures of the tetra- and higher-ammine copper(II) complexes in solution are different from those in crystal.
Preparation and Optical Resolution of [Co(en)x(dmbpy)3−x]3+ (x=0,1) and Related Complexes
Authors: Suzuki Toshishige M 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The optical resolution of [Co(dmpy)3]3+, [Co(en)(dmbpy)2]3+, [Co(en)(bpy)2]3+, and [Rh (dmbpy)3]3+(dmbpy=3,3′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) has been achieved using (−)d tris(l-cysteinsulfinato)cobaltate(III). The dmbpy complexes consist of a pair of stereo-selective enantiomers. The absorption and CD spectra of two series of complexes, [Co(en)x(dmbpy)3−x]3+ and [Co(en)x(bpy)3−x]3+ (x=0, 1, 2, 3) and also [Rh(dmbpy)3]3+ have been investigated. The complexes containing more than two aromatic ligands showed an exciton CD in the ligand π-π* transition region and the band has been related to the absolute configuration of the complexes. The spectral features of dmbpy Complexes are different from those of the bpy complexes and such differences have been discussed with reference to the twisting nature of dmbpy chelates.
Phase Equilibria in the Er2O3–V2O3–V2O5 System at 1200 °C
Authors: Kitayama Kenzo , Sugihara Tadashi , Katsura Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The phase equilibria in the Er2O3–V2O3–V2O5 system have been established at 1200 °C. In this system, Er2O3, Er8V2O17(4Er2O3·V2O5), ErVO3, ErVO4, VnO2n−1(n: 2 to 7), and VO2 found to be stable, Er8V2O17, ErVO4, V2O3, and VO2 of which had non-stoichiometric compositions. On the basis of the phase equilibria, the standard Gibbs energies for the reactions,
ErVO3+1⁄2O2=ErVO4, (1)
3Er2O3+2ErVO3+O2=Er8V2O17, (2)
have been determined to be −121±1 and −256±1 kJ, respectively. It has been shown that the standard Gibbs energy for Sm, Er, and Lu in Eq. 1 decreases linearly with increasing ionic radius of lanthanoid.
Reaction of Bis[2-hydroxy-1-(2,6-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] Ethers with Tosyl Chloride
Authors: Nakatani Munehiro , Hase Tsunao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the reaction with tosyl chloride in pyridine, the meso isomer (2a) of bis[2-hydroxy-1-(2,6-dimethyl-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] ether rearranged to give arylacetaldehyde (3) and 2-arylmethyl-4-aryl-1,3-dioxolane (4), and the racemic isomer (2b) afforded 3, 4, and 2,6-diaryl-1,4-dioxane. The aryl migration in this reaction has been confirmed by the use of the deuterated compounds, 2a-D and 2b-D, respectively, substituted with deuteriums at the 2,2-positions.
Thermal and Acid-catalyzed Decomposition of 3,6-Diphenyl-1,4-bis(phenylsulfonyl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine
Authors: Ito Suketaka , Kakehi Akikazu , Tanaka Yumo , Yoshida Kazuyoshi , Matsuno Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thermolysis of the title dihydrotetrazine in boiling toluene gives benzenesulfonic anhydride, S-phenyl benzenethiosulfonate, and small amounts of diphenyl disulfide and a rearrangement product, 3,6-diphenyl-1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, together with 3,6-diphenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. On the other hand, the treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid affords 3,6-diphenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine in good yield. On the basis of the kinetic parameters obtained for the thermolysis, the mechanism was discussed.
Radiation-induced Reactions of Pyridinecarboxylic Esters in Acidic Alcoholic Solutions. Substitution by Alkyl and Hydroxyalkyl Groups and Reduction of Carboxylic Esters to Alcohol
Authors: Nakamura Kazuhito , Morita Yukari , Suzuki Toru , Sugiyama Toru , Sugimori Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The main reactions of pyridinecarboxylic esters induced by Co-60 γ-rays in acidic alcoholic solutions are: 1) substitution on the pyridine ring by alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups derived from solvent alcohols, and 2) reduction of carboxylic esters to alcohol (hydroxymethyl group). Substitution is dominant in methanol solutions and reduction is dominant in 2-propanol solutions. Carboxylic esters at the 2- and 4-positions are selectively reduced to alcohols. Alkylation results from the attack by hydrogen atoms and hydroxylalkyl radicals. Reduction of carboxylic esters to alcohol is effected by the hydroxyalkyl radicals derived from the radiolysis of alcohols.
Substituent Effects in Heterogeneous Catalysis. IV. Adsorption Estimations during Competitive Hydrogenation of Cyclohexanone and Its 2-Alkyl Derivatives
Authors: Chihara Teiji , Tanaka Kazunori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cyclohexanone (1) and its 2-alkyl derivatives (2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-, and 2-propylcyclohexanone (2m, 2e, and 2p)) were hydrogenated both individually and competitively in pairs (1+2) in cyclohexane using Ru/Al2O3, Rh/Al2O3, and Pt/Al2O3 as catalysts. For all the catalysts, the reaction rates in competitive reaction decreased in the sequence, l&gt;&gt;2m&gt;2e&gt;2p, while those in individual reaction were in the relation, 1&gt;2m≈2e≈2p. By the analysis of these kinetic data, the relative values of adsorption equilibrium constants have been estimated for 2m, 2e, and 2p. These experimental values are in good agreement with the theoretical ones which have been derived on the basis of statistical mechanics using an adsorption model characterized by immobile adsorption of the substrate ketones.
Reduction of 6,6-Disubstituted Fulvenes and 1,2-Benzoheptafulvene by Naphthalene Radical Anion
Authors: Oku Akira , Yoshida Mitsuhiro , Matsumoto Kenkichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Structural effects of fulvenes in the electron transfer reaction were examined by using naphthalene radical anion (1) as a homogeneous electron source in aprotic media. The reduction of 6,6-diphenylfulvene (2) with 1 in THF at−78 °C gave 3-benzhydrylcyclopentadiene (34%) and its 2-isomer (13%). The structures were determined by hydrogenation and by the reaction with N-phenylmaleimide. The reaction of 6,6-dimethylfulvene (3) with 1 gave bi(2-isopropylidene-3-cyclopentenyl) as the major product (39%) besides bi(2-isopropyl-1,3-cyclopentadienyl) (5%). The reaction of 3,3′,4′,5,5′,6,6′-heptamethyl-1,2-benzoheptafulvene (4) with 1 gave 3,3′,4′,5,5′,-6′,7-octamethyl-1,2-benzo-1,3,6-cycloheptatriene (32%) and 3,3′,4′,5,5′,6,6′,7-octamethyl-1,2-benzo-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (18%). These product structures as well as the CH3I- and D2O-quenching of the reduction intermediates indicate that 2 is reduced by the EEC-mechanism and 3 by the ECC-mechanism, whereas the results are rather complicated in the case of 4 to distinguish between EEC and ECC mechanism.
Synthesis of Viscumamide and Its Analogs
Authors: Sakurai Atsushi , Okumura Yasuaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Viscumamide, cyclo(–l-Leu–l-Ile–l-Leu–l-Ile–l-Leu–) (1a) and its three analogs, cyclo (–l-Leu–l-Leu–l-Leu–l-Leu–l-Leu–), cyclo (–l-Leu-l-Ile-l-Leu–l-Leu–l-Leu–), and cyclo (–l-Ile–l-Ile–l-549.tex Leu–l-Leu–l-Leu–) were synthesized by the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester method. The yields in the cyclization step were low due to a strong intermolecular association even at high dilution, which causes cyclodimerization and other polymerization. Chromatographic and spectroscopic comparison of synthetic 1a with natural viscumamide showed their identity. The structure of viscumamide was confirmed to be 1a.
High Pressure Organic Chemistry. III. Diels-Alder Reaction of Thiophene with Maleic Anhydride
Authors: Kotsuki Hiyoshizo , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Kitagawa Sachio , Ochi Masamitsu , Yamasaki Nakamichi , Matsuoka Kiyoshi , Tokoroyama Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction of thiophene with maleic anhydride has been investigated under conditions of very high pressure. The Diels-Alder adduct was obtained in dicbloromethane at 100 °C and 15 kbar; above a pressure of 15 kbar the reaction was highly accelerated. From the spectral data and chemical evidence it has been suggested that the adduct has the exo-configuration. The reactions in various solvents and with other dienophiles have also been examined.
Reduction of Some Sulfides and Ethers with Aromatic Rings by Electrochemically Generated Solvated Electrons
Authors: Miyake Mikio , Nakayama Yoshihiro , Nomura Masakatsu , Kikkawa Sh\={o}ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reduction of some sulfides and ethers has been investigated in 0.5 M LiCl–HMPA solutions with and without alcohol (methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol). Diphenyl sulfide underwent cleavage to produce benzene as the main product. The hydrogenated products of benzene have been obtained in 35 and 50 mol % alcohol solutions, and the increased dependence on ethanol (i.e., H+) concentrations in the solutions has been established. The cleavage reaction was affected by the ease of α-hydrogen abstraction from the alcohol. The cleavage reaction has been elucidated as proceeding via a one-electron transfer mechanism, while the hydrogenation proceeded via a two-electron transfer mechanism. The estimation of current efficiencies supports this mechanism. Hexyl phenyl sulfide cleaved in the manner similar to that for diphenyl sulfide with a current efficiency of about 80% whereas only the hydrogenated products were obtained from benzo[b]thiophene and dibenzothiophene. Fission of the C–S bond of tetrahydrothiophene has been achieved by this method. Some ethers examined exhibited approx. the same behavior as the corresponding sulfides.