bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein expression associated with early intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative surgery
Authors: Yokoo Hideki , Kondo Tadashi , Okano Tetsuya , Nakanishi Kazuaki , Sakamoto Michiie , Kosuge Tomoo , Todo Satoru , Hirohashi Setsuo 
Published: March 2007

The poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is attributed to intrahepatic recurrence. To understand the molecular background of early intrahepatic recurrence, we conducted a global protein expression study. We compared the protein expression profiles of the primary HCC tissues of 12 patients who showed intrahepatic recurrence within 6 months post surgery with those of 15 patients who had no recurrence 2 years post surgery. Two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis identified 23 protein spots, the intensity of which was highly associated with early intrahepatic recurrence. To validate the prediction performance of the identified proteins, we examined additional HCC tissues from 13 HCC patients; six with early intrahepatic recurrence and seven without recurrence. We found that all but one of the 13 patients were grouped according to their recurrence status based on the intensity of the 23 protein spots. Mass spectrometry identified 23 proteins corresponding to the spots. Although 13 of 23 have been previously reported to be correlated with HCC, their association with early intrahepatic recurrence had not been established. The identified proteins are involved in signal transduction pathways, glucose metabolism, cytoskeletal structure, cell adhesion, or function as antioxidants and chaperones. The identified proteins may be candidates for prognostic markers and contribute to the improvement of existing therapeutic strategies. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 665–673)
Loss of smooth muscle calponin results in impaired blood vessel maturation in the tumor–host microenvironment
Authors: Yamamura Hisako , Hirano Noriko , Koyama Hidenori , Nishizawa Yoshiki , Takahashi Katsuhito 
Published: March 2007

The interactions between malignant cells and the microenvironment of the local host tissue play a critical role in tumor growth, metastasis and their response to treatment modalities. We investigated the roles of smooth muscle calponin (Cnn1, also called calponin h1 or basic calponin) in the development of tumor vascul ature in vivo by analyzing mutant mice lacking the Cnn1 gene. Here we show that loss of Cnn1 in host mural cells prevents maturation of tumor vasculature. In vitro studies showed that platelet‐derived growth factor B‐induced vascular smooth muscle migration was downregulated by the Cnn1‐deficiency, and forced expression of Cnn1 restored migration. Moreover, destruction of established tumor mass by treatment with an antivascular endothelial growth factor antibody was markedly enhanced in Cnn1‐deficient mice. These data, coupled with the knowledge that structural fragility of normal blood vessels is caused by loss of the Cnn1 gene, suggest that Cnn1 plays an important role in the maturation of blood vessels, and may have implications for therapeutic strategies targeting tumor vasculature for treatment of human cancers. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 757–763)
Identification of a predictive gene expression signature of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nguyen Su Tien , Hasegawa Shogo , Tsuda Hitoshi , Tomioka Hirofumi , Ushijima Masaru , Noda Masaki , Omura Ken , Miki Yoshio 
Published: March 2007

An accurate assessment of the cervical lymph node metastasis status in oral cavity cancer not only helps predict the prognosis of patients, but also helps surgeons to perform the appropriate treatment. We investigated the utilization of microarray technology focusing on the differences in gene expression profiles between primary tumors of oral squamous cell carcinoma that had metastasized to cervical lymph nodes and those that had not metastasized in the hope of finding new biomarkers to serve for diagnosis and treatment of oral cavity cancer. To design this experiment, we prepared two groups: the learning case group with 30 patients and the test case group with 13 patients. All tissue samples were performed using laser captured microdissection to yield cancer cells, and RNA was isolated from purified cancer cells. To identify a predictive gene expression signature, the different gene expressions between the two groups with and without metastasis in the learning case (n = 30) were analyzed, and the 85 genes expressed differentially were selected. Subsequently, to construct a more accurate prediction model, we further selected the genes with a high power for prediction from the 85 genes using the AdaBoost algorithm. The eight candidate genes, DCTD, IL‐15, THBD, GSDML, SH3GL3, PTHLH, RP5‐1022P6 and C9orf46, were selected to achieve the minimum error rate. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was carried out to validate the selected genes. From these statistical methods, the prediction model was constructed including the eight genes and this model was evaluated by using the test case group. The results in 12 of 13 cases (∼92.3%) were predicted correctly. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 740–746)
Influence of the CYP3A5 and MDR1 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in healthy Korean subjects
Authors: Choi Ji H. , Lee Yoon J. , Jang Seong B. , Lee Jong‐Eun , Kim Kyung H. , Park Kyungsoo 
Published: March 2007

What is already known about this subject • It was found that the genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A5, CYP3A4 and MDR1 could affect the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus.• This study was conducted to find such a possibility in the Korean population. What this study adds • CYP3A5 polymorphisms are likely to be associated with altered pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in Koreans.• MDR1 polymorphisms have no important role in the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus.AimsTo determine the frequencies of the genotypes of CYP3A5 and MDR1 and to examine the influence of the polymorphisms of these genes on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in the Korean population.MethodsTwenty‐nine healthy Koreans who participated in the previous tacrolimus pharmacokinetic study were genotyped for CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3, MDR1 c.1236C→T, MDR1 c.2677G→A/T and MDR1 c.3435C→T. The relationship between the genotypes so obtained and tacrolimus pharmacokinetics observed in the previous study was examined.ResultsNo subject in this study had the CYP3A4*1B variant. The observed frequencies of CYP3A5*1/*1, *1/*3, and *3/*3 were 0.069 [confidence interval (CI) −0.023, 0.161], 0.483 (CI 0.301, 0.665) and 0.448 (CI 0.267, 0.629), respectively. AUC0–∞ for the CYP3A5*1/*1 or *1/*3 genotype was 131.5 ± 44.8 ng h ml−1 (CI 109.6, 153.5), which was much lower compared with the CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype of 323.8 ± 129.3 ng h ml−1 (CI 253.5, 394.1) (P = 2.063E−07). Similarly, Cmax for the CYP3A5*1/*1 or *1/*3 genotype was 11.8 ± 3.4 ng ml−1 (CI 10.1, 13.5), which was also much lower compared with the CYP3A5*3/*3 genotype of 24.4 ± 12.3 ng ml−1 (CI 17.8, 31.1) (P = 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics among the MDR1 diplotypes of CGC‐CGC, CGC‐TTT, CGC‐TGC, TTT‐TGC or TTT‐TTT (P = 0.2486).ConclusionsThis study shows that the CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphisms may be associated with the individual difference in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics. An individualized dosage regimen design incorporating such genetic information would help increase clinical efficacy of the drug while reducing adverse drug reactions.
Population pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tacrolimus in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Antignac Marie , Barrou Benoit , Farinotti Robert , Lechat Philippe , Urien Saïk 
Published: March 2007

What is already known about this subject •  In spite of its success in ensuring graft survival, therapeutic use of tacrolimus is complicated by its narrow therapeutic index and wide intra‐ and interpatient variability.•  Some studies of population pharmacokinetics have already been conducted in liver transplant recipients and in paediatric patients. What this study adds •  Our work determined population pharmacokinetic parameters, in particular bioavailability, in kidney transplant recipients and the relative importance of factors influencing the disposition of tacrolimus.•  Clearance was modelled and days postoperation and corticosteroids dose were significant covariates.Aims The use of tacrolimus is complicated by its narrow therapeutic index and wide intra‐ and interpatient variability. Tacrolimus population pharmacokinetics, including bioavailability, were investigated in an adult kidney transplant cohort to identify patient characteristics that influence pharmacokinetics.Methods The database (drug monitoring data) included 83 adult kidney transplant recipients and analysis was performed by a population approach with NONMEM. Data were collected during the first months after transplantation. Patients were administered oral or intravenous tacrolimus as part of a triple immunosuppressive regimen that also included mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids. Subsequent doses were adjusted on the basis of clinical evidence of efficacy and toxicity as in routine therapeutic drug monitoring.Results A one compartment open model with linear absorption and elimination adequately described the data. The typical value of minimal clearance was 1.8 ± 0.2 l h−1. Clearance increased with time post transplantation to reach 50% of maximal value after 3.8 ± 0.5 days, with a maximal value of 5.6 l h−1. Moreover clearance increased by approximately 1.6 fold (range 0.5–1.6) if the dose of prednisone was >25 mg. The typical value for volume of distribution, V, (98 ± 13 l kg−1) was similar to reported values in kidney transplant patients. The oral bioavailability of tacrolimus was poor and ranged from 11.2 to 19.1%. No covariates significantly influenced V or F.Conclusions The number of days postoperation and corticosteroid dose were significant covariates influencing tacrolimus clearance.
Detection of urinary bladder cancer with flow cytometry and hexaminolevulinate in urine samples
Authors: Čunderlíková B. , Wahlqvist R. , Berner A. , Vasovič V. , Warloe T. , Nesland J. M. , Peng Q. 
Published: March 2007

Objectives:  Urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma is diagnosed by a combination of cystoscopy and biopsy, with cytology as a valuable additional technique. The accuracy of cytological diagnosis depends on the experience of the cytologist and can inevitably vary from one cytologist to another. There is a need for an easy, reliable and objective diagnostic method. In the present study a new method was designed for the detection of bladder cancer cells in urine.Methods:  Flow cytometry was utilized to detect protoporphyrin IX in an artificial model consisting of normal urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells (NBECs) from healthy volunteers’ urine and an established human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line, TCCSUP, after incubation with hexaminolevulinate (HAL). In addition, urine samples from 19 patients with histopathologically confirmed superficial bladder cancer were examined.Results:  Incubation of NBECs or TCCSUP cells with HAL for 1 hour resulted in production of protoporphyrin IX only in the TCCSUP cells. Incubation of a mixture of NBECs and TCCSUP cells with HAL gave rise to a separated subpopulation of cells with protoporphyrin IX fluorescence. After cell sorting by flow cytometry the protoporphyrin IX‐containing subpopulation of cells was confirmed as TCCSUP cells on cytological examination. It was possible to detect 5% TCCSUP cells in the mixture of NBECs/TCCSUP cells. To test the feasibility of the method in clinica diagnosis, urine samples from patients with bladder cancer were also measured with comparable, although preliminary and limited, results to those of cytological examination.Conclusions:  The preliminary results show that the technique may be feasible for the detection of bladder cancer cells in urine with possible advantages of simplicity, reliability and objectivity.
The conceptual structure of transition to motherhood in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Shin Hyunjeong , White‐Traut Rosemary 
Published: March 2007

Abstract Title. The conceptual structure of transition to motherhood in the neonatal intensive care unit Aim.  This paper is a report of a concept analysis of transition to motherhood for mothers with infants in a neonatal intensive care unit.Background.  Mothers with infants in a neonatal intensive care unit have more difficulty in their transition to motherhood compared with mothers of healthy infants. The concept of transition to motherhood in the neonatal intensive care unit is not well‐understood in nursing, often being confused with mothers’ psychological responses in the neonatal intensive care unit.Methods.  The concept analysis combined Rodgers’ evolutionary method with Schwartz‐Barcott & Kim's Hybrid method. Thirty‐eight studies were reviewed and a purposive sample of 10 Korean mothers with infants in a neonatal intensive care unit was interviewed.Findings.  Three critical attributes of transition to motherhood in the neonatal intensive care unit were identified: (1) time‐dependent process, (2) psycho‐emotional swirling and (3) hovering around the edge of mothering. These are caused by the antecedents (1) unexpected outcome of pregnancy, (2) awareness of the situation and (3) mother–infant separation. The consequences were: (1) delayed motherhood and (2) developing a sense of meaning concerning family and life. Additionally, five influencing factors to be alleviated were identified: (1) negative meaning attribution, (2) uncertainty, (3) social prejudice, (4) lack of opportunities to make contact with the infant and (5) the neonatal intensive care unit environment.Conclusions.  This concept analysis should help nurses to understand the process of becoming a mother in a neonatal intensive care unit and plan appropriate interventions for mothers with special needs.
Sexually acquired infections: do lay experiences of partner notification challenge practice?
Authors: Coleman Claire , Lohan Maria 
Published: March 2007

Abstract Tile. Sexually acquired infections: do lay experiences of partner notification challenge practice? Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore experiences of partner notification for syphilis from the perspectives of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men.Background.  Partner notification is the ‘cornerstone’ of the prevention and control of sexually acquired infections. As a health strategy, it has been in use for over six decades and is employed across all continents. Its success relies almost entirely on the voluntary response of index patients in disclosing details of their sexual partners and sexual practices and the voluntary response of sexual partners who have been traced. However, internationally, few studies have explicitly explored lay experiences of partner notification.Method.  A purposive sample of 40 gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men was recruited from two genitourinary clinics in the Greater Dublin area of Ireland and a variety of gay social venues. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out between December 2002 and February 2004.Findings.  Men's perspectives on partner notification featured three interweaving stages: on tracing sexual partners, on informing partners and on attending clinics. Participants were in favour of partner notification, but did not find it easy to comply with the demands it made on their relationships. Compliance was difficult not only because of the problem of physically tracing casual and anonymous partners, but also because of the challenge of actually notifying partners. The main incentive for contacts to attend clinics was concern for their own health and that of others. Barriers to attending were fear of being exposed to the stigma of being gay and/or having a sexually acquired infection.Conclusion.  There is a need to develop evidence‐based methods, which are grounded in the lay experience, to support index patients in ‘breaking bad news’ and for continued efforts to de‐stigmatize sexually acquired infections and homosexuality in the view of the general public.
Brain death: close relatives’ use of imagery as a descriptor of experience
Authors: Frid Ingvar , Haljamäe Hengo , Öhlén Joakim , Bergbom Ingegerd 
Published: March 2007

Abstract Title. Brain death: close relatives’ use of imagery as a descriptor of experience Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to explore the use of imagery to describe the experience of confronting brain death in a close relative.Background.  The brain death of a loved one has been described as an extremely difficult experience for close relatives, evoking feelings of anger, emotional pain, disbelief, guilt and suffering. It can also be difficult for relatives to distinguish brain death from the state of coma and thus difficult to apprehend information about the diagnosis.Methods.  Narrative theory and a hermeneutic phenomenological method guided the interpretation of 17 narratives from close relatives of brain dead patients. All narratives were scrutinized for experiences of brain death. Data were primarily collected in 1999. The primary analysis related to close relatives’ experience of brain death in a loved one. A secondary analysis of the imagery they used to describe their experience was carried out in 2003.Findings.  Six categories of imagery used to describe the experience of confronting a diagnosis of brain death in a loved one emerged: chaotic unreality; inner collapse; sense of forlornness; clinging to the hope of survival; reconciliation with the reality of death; receiving care which gives comfort. Participants also identified two pairs of dimensions to describe their feelings about the relationship between their brain dead relative's body and personhood: presence–absence and divisibility–indivisibility. Being confronted with brain death meant entering into the anteroom of death, facing a loved one who is ‘living‐dead’, and experiencing a chaotic drama of suffering.Conclusion.  It is very important for members of the intensive care unit team to recognize, face and respond to these relatives’ chaotic experiences, which cause them to need affirmation, comfort and caring. Relatives’ use of imagery could be the starting point for a caring conversation about their experiences, either in conversations at the time of the death or when relatives are contacted in a later follow‐up.
What people with multiple sclerosis perceive to be important to meeting their needs
Authors: Forbes Angus , While Alison , Taylor Melissa 
Published: March 2007

Abstract Title. What people with multiple sclerosis perceive to be important to meeting their needs Aim.  This paper is a report of the findings of a survey in which people with multiple sclerosis identified what they believed would be helpful in meeting their current needs.Background.  People with multiple sclerosis have low levels of satisfaction with the health and social care that they receive, but previous studies suggest that they have a broad range of physical, psychological and social needs.Method.  A total of 714 people with different levels of disease impact who were participating in a prospective study evaluating multiple sclerosis specialist nurses were asked, ‘What one thing would be most helpful in meeting your current needs?’ The question was included in the postal questionnaire used for the study (mailed in 2001 and 2002). The overall response rate for usable returns (at both time points) was 42%. Descriptive statistics on the frequency of codes and categories generated by content analysis were compiled and compared in relation to demographic and disease characteristics.Findings.  A total of 445 people responded to the question. Seven categories were identified: medical treatment (29%, n = 126); socio‐environmental support and adaptation (19%, n = 81); enhanced care provision (18%, n = 79); information provision (9%, n = 38); rehabilitation therapies (7%, n = 29); non‐professional care (6%, n = 28); and psychological support (3%, n = 15). Nine per cent of responses (n = 39) were not coded as their meanings were unclear. Socio‐environmental support, rehabilitation and non‐professional care were more frequently identified by those with greater disease impact. Information was identified as a stronger need for those in lower disease impact groups.Conclusion.  The findings could provide the basis for developing a multiple sclerosis‐specific service satisfaction tool. This could be helpful in assessing the quality of provision, given current variations in the coverage and quality of care provided. Nurses could use such a tool to assess the quality of care in a given population, thereby highlighting gaps in service provision.
Specialist health visitor‐led weight management intervention in primary care: exploratory evaluation
Authors: Jackson Cath , Coe Anne , Cheater Francine M. , Wroe Stephen 
Published: March 2007

Abstract Title. Specialist health visitor‐led weight management intervention in primary care: exploratory evaluation Aim.  This paper is a report of an exploratory study to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a specialist health visitor‐led weight management clinic in primary care.Background.  Tackling obesity is a global health priority. Whilst there is evidence to support a role for primary healthcare professionals in its management, provision in England varies widely. Using designated ‘obesity specialists’ is an approach warranting further investigation.Method.  In 2003–2004, patients with a body mass index of 30 or more received a specialist health visitor‐led intervention based on the Jan Felgens ‘I2E2’ model. Clinical outcome data and self‐reported dietary consumption data were collected at weeks 1, 13, 27 and 52. Quantitative and qualitative data on patient acceptability of the clinic were collected at week 26.Findings.  Eighty‐nine patients attended the clinic. Mean body weight and body mass index and systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased over time by statistically significant amounts. There was a non‐significant decrease in fasting blood sugar over time, but approximately one in 10 patients with undiagnosed diabetes were identified. No statistically significant change was evident for cholesterol levels. Mean self‐reported weekly consumption of cakes, desserts and snacks decreased and that of fruit and vegetables increased, each by statistically significant amounts. Participants found the clinic highly acceptable and identified the specialist health visitor as fundamental to its success.Conclusion.  A partnership approach to weight management through which patients are empowered to make sustainable lifestyle changes now needs to be tested in a multi‐centre randomized controlled trial.