bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upwelling Enhances Hg Particle Scavenging in the California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Cui Xinyun , Adams Hannah M. , Song Yiluan , Stukel Michael R. , Schartup Amina T. , Lamborg Carl H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Mercury (Hg) cycling is essential to explore in marine ecosystems because of the adverse effects of Hg on the health of humans and marine organisms via bioaccumulation. Coastal upwelling could supply Hg into the mixed layer of the ocean, however, its impact on Hg cycling, encompassing particle scavenging, water mass transport, and sea-air exchange, remains understudied. Additionally, particles supplying monomethylmercury (MMHg) in low oxygen water pose a significant environmental concern. During the 2021 California Current Ecosystem (CCE) Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Cruise, we investigated two upwelled water parcels and one non-upwelled water parcel, collecting suspended and sinking particle samples. We observed higher total particulate Hg and sinking flux in the upwelling region compared to the open ocean, indicating upwelling enhances particle scavenging. To better understand the intricate interplay between Hg particle scavenging and upwelling, we further modeled Hg inventories and fluxes in the upper ocean under two scenarios: upwelling and non-upwelling. The model simulations supported the hypothesis that upwelling enhances sinking fluxes by 40% through elevated primary production. The combined effect of these competing forcings results in an increased delivery of Hg to low oxygen regions where net methylation occurs.
Variations in the streamflow of the Nierji Reservoir Basin and quantification of the influencing factors
Authors: Han Chunxu , Li Fengping , Li Xiaolan , Wang Sheng , Xu Yanhua 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Nierji Reservoir is the largest and most important water conservancy project in the Nenjiang River Basin. A thorough understanding of variations in streamflow and the driving factors of the Nierji Reservoir Basin (NERB) is crucial, but there are still gaps. In this paper, the annual streamflow data of Nierji Reservoir from 1898 to 2013 were applied to detect changing trends and abrupt changes using the Mann–Kendall method. Additionally, a Back Propagation–Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) model was developed to explore the relationships between the streamflow and its influencing factors and further quantify the relative contribution of each factor to the streamflow change. The results revealed that the annual streamflow of NERB significantly increased from 1898 to 2013 but declined during 1988–2013. Human activities were found to be the primary driver of streamflow decrease during 1988–2013 (nearly 75% of the total change). GDP had the largest influence, contributing 32% to the overall variation. Forest area, precipitation, and cultivated area had contributions of 25%, 23%, and 18%, respectively. Temperature had the least impact, with a relative contribution of 2%. This study provides valuable insights into water resources management in the Nenjiang River Basin, benefiting both agriculture and ecology.
Chloride ion sequestration by vetiver root biosorption: isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic analyses and ANN prediction
Authors: Dhumal Riddhi Chandrakant , Sadgir Parag 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The present research investigates the potential of activated vetiver root powder as a bioadsorbent for removing chloride ions from saline aqueous environments, especially relevant for addressing agricultural water scarcity. Factors such as pH, biomass dosage, contact duration, and initial salt ion concentration were examined. Thermodynamic analysis provided insights into the adsorption process, demonstrating the feasibility, non-spontaneous behavior, and exothermic nature of chloride ion adsorption onto activated vetiver root powder. The batch adsorption of chlorides adhered to the Langmuir equation and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, demonstrating a monolayer adsorption capacity of 17.58 mg/g for activated vetiver powder. An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to develop a predictive model for estimating the percentage removal of chloride ions. The values of R2 and mean squared error were used to determine the predictive performance of the ANN. In the near term, prospective commercial uses of activated vetiver powder merit further investigation through in-depth research using real wastewater containing salinity-inducing ion.
FTO in Lung Cancer: Its Progression and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Chen Xue-Fen , Gong Chen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
One of the most fatal and frequent malignancies on the planet is lung cancer. Its occurrence
and development are the results of multifactorial and multigenic interactions. In recent
years, RNA N6-methyladenosine transferase (FTO) has gained significant attention in the field
of oncology. FTO is the first RNA demethylase to be found to control target mRNA demethylation.
The growth, proliferation, and metastasis of tumor cells are greatly influenced by FTO.
Recent studies have found that imbalanced m6A methylation regulatory proteins can induce disruption
of downstream RNA metabolism, strongly affecting tumor development. This paper provides
an overview of the relationship between FTO and lung cancer, discussing the mechanisms
by which FTO is involved in lung cancer and its potential clinical applications.
Safety Aspects of Herb Interactions: Current Understanding and Future
Prospects
Authors: Hazra Subhajit , Singh Preet Amol 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The use of herbal medicines is on the rise throughout the world due to their perceived
safety profile. However, incidences of herb-drug, herb-herb and herb-food interactions considering safety aspects
have opened new arenas for discussion.

Objective:
The current study aims to provide comprehensive insights into the various types of herb interactions,
the mechanisms involved, their assessment, and historical developments, keeping herbal safety at the
central point of discussion.

Methods:
The authors undertook a focused/targeted literature review and collected data from various databases,
including Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Springer, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Conventional literature
on herbal remedies, such as those by the WHO and other international or national organizations.

Results:
The article considered reviewing the regulations, interaction mechanisms, and detection of herb-herb,
herb-drug and herb-food interactions in commonly used yet vital plants, including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Mentha
piperita, Aloe barbadensis, Zingiber officinale, Gingko biloba, Withania somnifera, etc. The study found that
healthcare professionals worry about patients not informing them about their herbal prescriptions (primarily
used with conventional treatment), which can cause herb-drug/herb-food/herb-herb interactions. These interactions
were caused by altered pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic processes, which might be explained using
in-vivo, in-vitro, in-silico, pharmacogenomics, and pharmacogenetics. Nutrivigilance may be the greatest
method to monitor herb-food interactions, but its adoption is limited worldwide.

Conclusion:
This article can serve as a lead for clinicians, guiding them regarding herb-drug, herb-food, and
herb-herb interactions induced by commonly consumed plant species. Patients may also be counseled to avoid
conventional drugs, botanicals, and foods with a restricted therapeutic window.
A Combination of Pharmacophore Generation, Ligand-based Virtual Screening, Atom-based 3D-QSAR, and Molecular Docking Studies on Febuxostat-based Amides Analogues as Anti-inflammatory Agents
Authors: Chitre Trupti S. , Bhatambrekar Aniket L. , Hirode Purvaj V. , Thorat Shubhangi B. , Hajare Sayli G. , Garud Dinesh R. , Jagdale Sakshi M. , Asgaonkar Kalyani D. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
A defence mechanism of the body includes inflammation. It is a process
through which the immune system identifies, rejects, and starts to repair foreign and damaging stimuli.
In the world, chronic inflammatory disorders are the leading cause of death.

Materials and Methods:
To obtain optimized pharmacophore, previously reported febuxostat-
based anti-inflammatory amide derivatives series were subjected to pharmacophore hypothesis,
ligand-based virtual screening, and 3D-QSAR studies in the present work using Schrodinger
suite 2022-4. QuikProp module of Schrodinger was used for ADMET prediction, and HTVS, SP,
and XP protocols of GLIDE modules were used for molecular docking on target protein (PDB
ID:3LN1).

Result:
Utilising 29 compounds, a five-point model of common pharmacophore hypotheses was
created, having pIC50 ranging between 5.34 and 4.871. The top pharmacophore hypothesis AHHRR_
1 model consists of one hydrogen bond acceptor, two hydrophobic groups and two ring substitution
features. The hypothesis model AHHRR_1 underwent ligand-based virtual screening using
the molecules from Asinex. Additionally, a 3D-QSAR study based on individual atoms was performed
to assess their contributions to model development. The top QSAR model was chosen
based on the values of R2 (0.9531) and Q2 (0.9424). Finally, four potential hits were obtained by
molecular docking based on virtual screening.

Conclusion:
The virtual screen compounds have shown similar docking interaction with amino
acid residues as shown by standard diclofenac sodium drugs. Therefore, the findings in the present
study can be explored in the development of potent anti-inflammatory agents.
The Emerging Role of Polyethylene Glycol-Water (PEG-H2O) as the Benign Mixed Solvent System in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Divyavani Chitteti , Padmaja Pannala , Narayana Reddy Pedavenkatagari 
Published: March 2024

:
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has become a popular solvent and green catalyst for a variety
of chemical reactions. It is a stable and biodegradable polymeric catalyst used in organic synthesis
because it may be recycled numerous times without significantly losing its catalytic activity. Recently,
the use of PEG-H2O mixed solvent systems in organic synthesis has gained popularity.

:
This article presents an overview of PEG-H2O solvent system-mediated organic reactions, with a
main focus on the importance of the solvent system. The study also focuses on recent developments
in the PEG-H2O solvent system-mediated synthesis of a number of heterocyclic compounds

:
Important characteristics of these PEG-H2O solvent systems include high atom economies, gentle
reaction conditions, faster reaction rates, readily isolated side products and high yields. Results
from various reactions showed that the choice of proper ratio of PEG: H2O solvent system plays a
key role in product yields.
Quercetin Enhances 5-fluorouracil Sensitivity by Regulating the Autophagic
Flux and Inducing Drp-1 Mediated Mitochondrial Fragmentation in Colorectal
Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Mei , Fan Jiaoxiu , Hu Min , Xu Junyu , He Ziyue , Zeng Jun 
Published: March 2024

Background::
While chemotherapy treatment demonstrates its initial effectiveness in eliminating the majority of the tumor cell population, nevertheless, most
patients relapse and eventually succumb to the disease upon its recurrence. One promising approach is to explore novel, effective chemotherapeutic
adjuvants to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, we explored the effect of
quercetin on the sensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the molecular
mechanisms.

Methods::
MTT assay, colony formation assay and Hoechst staining were performed to investigate the growth inhibition effect of quercetin alone or
combined with 5-FU. The expression levels of apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins were assessed by western blotting. Intracellular ROS was
detected using DCFH-DA. The change in the mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by a JC-1 probe. The effect of quercetin on
mitochondrial morphology was examined using a mitochondrial-specific fluorescence probe, Mito-Tracker red.

Results::
The results demonstrated quercetin-induced apoptosis and autophagy, as well as imbalanced ROS, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential,
and Drp-1-mediated mitochondrial fission in CRC cells. Autophagy blockage with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) enhanced quercetininduced
cytotoxicity, indicating that quercetin-induced cytoprotective autophagy. Meanwhile, quercetin enhanced the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-
FU via the induction of mitochondrial fragmentation, which could be further enhanced when the quercetin-induced protective autophagy was
blocked by CQ.

Conclusion::
Our findings suggested that quercetin could induce protective autophagy and Drp-1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and enhance the
sensitivity of CRC cells to conventional agent 5-FU, which not only suggests that quercetin may act as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant but also
implies that the regulation of autophagic flux may be a potential therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer.
Views of Specialist Clinicians and People With Multiple Sclerosis on Upper Limb Impairment and the Potential Role of Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of the Upper Limb in Multiple Sclerosis: Focus Group Study
Authors: Webster Amy , Poyade Matthieu , Coulter Elaine , Forrest Lisa , Paul Lorna 
Published: March 2024

Background
Finding enjoyable and effective long-term approaches to rehabilitation for improving the upper limb (UL) function of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging. Using virtual reality (VR) could be a solution to this challenge; however, there is a lack of reporting on the views of people with MS and clinicians on VR-based approaches and recommendations for games for rehabilitation.

Objective
This study aims to identify common UL problems and their related current therapeutic approaches for people with MS, and to explore the opinions of people with MS and specialist clinicians on VR and obtain suggestions for the development and design of VR games.

Methods
Separate focus groups were conducted with people with MS, recruited through the MS Society UK’s research network, and clinicians, recruited through the MS Trust Therapists in MS network. A total of 10 people with MS (2 focus groups) and 8 clinicians (5 physiotherapists, 2 occupational therapists, and 1 MS nurse in 2 focus groups) were involved. The focus groups were recorded and transcriptions were analyzed using theme-based content analysis.

Results
People with MS commonly reported that their UL problems interfered with activities of daily living and resulted in the loss of meaningful hobbies such as writing. Many people with MS neglected UL exercise and found strategies for adapting to the UL impairments. Similarly, clinicians stated UL rehabilitation was neglected within their service and that it was challenging to find interesting treatment strategies. VR was suggested by both participant groups as a solution, as it was convenient for people with MS to access and it could provide a more engaging and disguised approach to exercise. There were shared concerns with cybersickness and disengagement with using VR approaches. Both groups agreed games should be meaningful and adaptable for users but suggested different VR activities, with clinicians suggesting games directly reflecting activities of daily living and people with MS suggesting more abstract activities.

Conclusions
VR was well received by both people with MS and clinicians for UL rehabilitation. Recommendations were made for the development of VR rehabilitation games which are personalized and customizable for the varying abilities of people with MS.
New Approach to Equitable Intervention Planning to Improve Engagement and Outcomes in a Digital Health Program: Simulation Study
Authors: Killian Jackson A , Jain Manish , Jia Yugang , Amar Jonathan , Huang Erich , Tambe Milind 
Published: March 2024

Background
Digital health programs provide individualized support to patients with chronic diseases and their effectiveness is measured by the extent to which patients achieve target individual clinical outcomes and the program’s ability to sustain patient engagement. However, patient dropout and inequitable intervention delivery strategies, which may unintentionally penalize certain patient subgroups, represent challenges to maximizing effectiveness. Therefore, methodologies that optimize the balance between success factors (achievement of target clinical outcomes and sustained engagement) equitably would be desirable, particularly when there are resource constraints.

Objective
Our objectives were to propose a model for digital health program resource management that accounts jointly for the interaction between individual clinical outcomes and patient engagement, ensures equitable allocation as well as allows for capacity planning, and conducts extensive simulations using publicly available data on type 2 diabetes, a chronic disease.

Methods
We propose a restless multiarmed bandit (RMAB) model to plan interventions that jointly optimize long-term engagement and individual clinical outcomes (in this case measured as the achievement of target healthy glucose levels). To mitigate the tendency of RMAB to achieve good aggregate performance by exacerbating disparities between groups, we propose new equitable objectives for RMAB and apply bilevel optimization algorithms to solve them. We formulated a model for the joint evolution of patient engagement and individual clinical outcome trajectory to capture the key dynamics of interest in digital chronic disease management programs.

Results
In simulation exercises, our optimized intervention policies lead to up to 10% more patients reaching healthy glucose levels after 12 months, with a 10% reduction in dropout compared to standard-of-care baselines. Further, our new equitable policies reduce the mean absolute difference of engagement and health outcomes across 6 demographic groups by up to 85% compared to the state-of-the-art.

Conclusions
Planning digital health interventions with individual clinical outcome objectives and long-term engagement dynamics as considerations can be both feasible and effective. We propose using an RMAB sequential decision-making framework, which may offer additional capabilities in capacity planning as well. The integration of an equitable RMAB algorithm further enhances the potential for reaching equitable solutions. This approach provides program designers with the flexibility to switch between different priorities and balance trade-offs across various objectives according to their preferences.
Hemodialysis as a treatment option for chronic kidney disease in Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital: a retrospective study
Authors: Ibitoba Funmilayo A. , Akpor Oluwaseyi A. , Ogunkorode Agatha O. , Bello Aderemi Y. , Ogunyemi Omotomilola O. 
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has surged to approximately 13 % in the past two decades due to an increase in associated risk factors. Poorly managed CKD can progress to end-stage renal disease, necessitating renal replacement therapy, with hemodialysis being the most common form. This study examines a 5-year record of hemodialysis in a healthcare facility in southwest Nigeria. Study data were collected from dialysis register and case study of patients that were consecutively dialyzed at the dialysis centre of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital between January 2017 and December 2021. Unstructured proforma was used to extract data for the study. There was a total of 152 patients and 1600 hemodialysis sessions between January 2017 and December 2021. More than a quarter of the patients were civil servants and there were more males than females (p = 0.3325). CKD was the major indication for hemodialysis with hypertension as its main cause while post-partum hemorrhage was the most common cause of acute kidney injury. Only 3.3 % of the patients had permanent access of arteriovenous fistula. Notably, 47.2 % of the patients were lost to follow-up, 29.8 % left to other centres by either referral or self-decision, while 18.6 % died of CKD-related complications. Nevertheless, 4.4 % patients were still dialyzing in the Centre as of December 2021. Comparatively fewer hemodialysis sessions occurred, yet they led to improved patient outcomes. Regular follow-ups and government subsidies are recommended to ease patient burdens.
The effectiveness of the algorithm Stroke Gadjah Mada’s (ASGM) and Guy's Hospital Stroke Score (GHSS) in determining the type of etroke emergency in the emergency room of Dr. H. Moch Ansari Saleh hospital
Authors: Mohtar M. Sobirin , Tjomiadi Cynthia Eka F , Jamilah Siti , Apriannor Ahmad 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Good stroke management depends on the speed and accuracy of the assessment system in diagnosing the type of stroke, in order to reduce mortality and morbidity. CT scan is a tool to differentiate the type of stroke, determine the location of the lesion and determine the severity of the disease. However, this tool is expensive and not all areas have it and the procedure takes quite a long time. Nurses need a diagnostic tool in the form of a simple assessment system including the Gadjah Mada Stroke Algorithm (ASGM) and Guy's Hospital Stroke Score (GHSS) which are easy, valid, reliable assessment tools in determining the type of stroke and preventing delays. Objectives: Analyzing the comparison of the ASGM and GHSS scoring systems in determining the type of stroke emergency in the Emergency room. Methods: This research method is quantitative pre-experimental design (posttest only design). The population was all stroke patients in the emergency room with 30 samples and the collection technique was accidental sampling. As for the stages, each respondent undergoes an ASGM assessment which consists of 3 components and GHSS 9 components. The statistical test used is the Paired Sample T-test, then an accuracy test is carried out by looking at the level of sensitivity and specificity. Results: Based on the results of the Paired Sample T-test, the Sig value. amounting to 0.000 <0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the ASGM and GHSS scoring systems in determining the type of emergency in stroke patients. The average difference in the duration of determining the type of emergency and nursing diagnosis in the assessment system and ASGM and GHSS is 7.6 minutes. Furthermore, it also shows lower data of 7,066 and upper data of 8,134. This shows that the duration range for determining the type of emergency using ASGM is around 7.1 – 8.1 minutes faster compared to GHSS. Based on the accuracy test, the ASGM sensitivity level is 86.66% and the specificity level is 96.66%, while the GHSS sensitivity level is 56.66% and the specificity level is 63.33%.This difference is thought to be due to ASGM having more specific assessment variables for the brain, so that detecting suspected types of stroke in the acute phase is more accurate compared to GHSS. Conclusions: The ASGM and GHSS assessment methods are effective in determining the type of emergency in stroke patients in the ERHowever, in terms of duration, determining the type of emergency and.