bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZATIONAL SEGMENTATION AND LABOR TRANSFER POLICIES IN LABOR AND MACHINE LIMITED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Authors: Fryer John S. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a simulation study to examine the effects of different organizational structures on the performance of a dual‐constraint job shop production system. A hypothetical shop in which machines and workers are constraining resources is the setting of the study. The shop consists of divisions comprised of work centers which contain machines to which workers are assigned. There are fewer workers than machines. Variations in organizational structure are achieved by segmenting a fixed number of work centers equally into varying numbers of divisions. Mean flow‐time, flow‐time variance, and worker transfers between divisions and work centers are used as performance measures. Changes in organizational segmentation are shown to affect the performance of the production system and the effects are dependent on the extent to which workers can be transferred between the divisions of the system.
MODELING OF CONFIGURAL JUDGMENT PROCESSES AS A SERIES OF SUBSPACE HYPERPLANES
Authors: Gooch Lawrence L. , Wagner G. R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTPast research in modeling human judgments has been accompanied by continuing debate as to the necessity and effectiveness of using “configural” models, vis‐a‐vis“first‐order” models, to represent complex decision processes. The resounding power of first‐order models adequately to represent apparently configural processes repeatedly has been demonstrated to the frustration of those researchers who intuitively feel that man decides in a complex and configural manner. This paper presents the theory that the apparent weakness of configural models may be attributed to the assumption that interaction effects are “continuous” phenomena when in fact they are “discrete” or local interactions.The definition of subspaces of the predictor set, over which “local” first‐order hyperplanes may be used, is investigated as a viable means of representing “discrete” interactions while preserving some of the parsimony of the “continuous” formulations. The application of the Automatic Interaction Detection technique to define subspaces and local models is attempted with positive results for an installment loan officer. Then a comparison with the results from a recent study which used various “continuous” formulations shows a definite superiority of the “local” modeling approach.
AN ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO PROFESSIONAL STAFF TURNOVER IN PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS1
Authors: Rhode John Grant , Sorensen James E. , Lawler Edward E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA sample of graduate and undergraduate degree holders in accounting are being studied during the first five years of their public accounting careers. Data on the biographical characteristics, vocational interests, and personality factors are analyzed in this study to discover if different profiles exist for those who remain with their firm of original employment in public accounting following graduation and those who find new positions. A number of significant differences were found. The findings should be of benefit to educators and representatives from the accounting profession because of their mutual concern with recruiting, staff development and retention, and academic preparation and career counseling.
CHOICE DILEMMA AS A PREDICTOR OF GROUP RISK BEHAVIOR1
Authors: Brown Stewart L. , McCollough W. Andrew 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTInterest in the Choice Dilemma Questionnaire (CDQ) has centered around the risk shift paradigm rather than around using the CDQ as a measure of an individual's risk preferences. Using 45 lower and middle management bankers as subjects in a computer‐based simulation game, the authors found a significant relationship (p < .05) between risk propensity of group members and an independent measure of group risk behavior. Thus, the CDQ may be a more general measure of risk preference than is commonly assumed.
ON THE DESIGN OF HIERARCHICAL PRODUCTION PLANNING SYSTEMS
Authors: Bitran Gabriel R. , Hax Arnold C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTTo provide effective managerial support for decisions related to production planning and scheduling processes, it is useful to partition the set of decisions into a hierarchical framework. In the resulting system, higher level decisions impose constraints on lower level actions, and lower level decisions provide the necessary feed‐back to reevaluate higher level actions. The purpose of this paper is to suggest optimum procedures to deal with the resulting subproblems and to analyze the interaction mechanisms among the different hierarchical levels. Computational results are given.
A SIMULTANEOUS PLANNING MODEL FOR PRODUCTION AND WORKING CAPITAL*
Authors: Baker Kenneth R. , Damon William W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA simultaneous model is proposed for the planning of production, inventory, workforce, and working capital levels over several periods. By exploiting the capabilities of linear programming, the model provides relevant information more efficiently than would be typical of the more traditional approach, in which planning is decomposed along functional lines. A detailed example is presented in order to illustrate the advantages of the simultaneous model.
HEURISTICS FOR INTEGER PROGRAMMING USING SURROGATE CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Glover Fred 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a class of surrogate constraint heuristics for obtaining approximate, near optimal solutions to integer programming problems. These heuristics are based on a simple framework that illuminates the character of several earlier heuristic proposals and provides a variety of new alternatives. The paper also proposes additional heuristics that can be used either to supplement the surrogate constraint procedures or to provide independent solution strategies. Preliminary computational results are reported for applying one of these alternatives to a class of nonlinear generalized set covering problems involving approximately 100 constraints and 300–500 integer variables. The solutions obtained by the tested procedure had objective function values twice as good as values obtained by standard approaches (e.g., reducing the best objective function values of other methods from 85 to 40 on the average. Total solution time for the tested procedure ranged from ten to twenty seconds on the CDC 6600.
SAMPLING AS A SOLUTION METHODOLOGY
Authors: Mabert Vincent A. , Whybark D. Clay 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the use of sampling procedures as a solution methodology for large combinatorial problems. Three sampling strategies are investigated: random sampling (each alternative is equally likely), biased sampling (alternatives' probabilities are biased by specified criteria), and improvement sampling (alternatives' probabilities are dynamically changed based upon new information). These three methodologies are illustrated and compared on the basis of solution quality and computer time requirements.
SOME IMPLICATIONS OF NIC BIDS ON SERIAL BOND ISSUES
Authors: Bierwag G. O. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTMost state and local governments issue their debt in the form of serial bonds. These bonds are awarded on a competitive basis to the underwriter submitting the lowest “net interst cost”‐a specific measure of interest expense. This paper contains a description of a “pseudo‐dual” to the programming problem, used by underwriters, to prepare such bids. As such, the problem lends itself easily to a diagrammatic description. A further objective of this paper is to survey many constraints typically imposed on the NIC (net interest cost) problem by issuers. It is pointed out that these constraints usually increase the “net interest cost” so that the use of these constraints is an admission that “net interest cost” by itself is not regarded as the sole criterion of a good bid.
SIMULATION FOR FIRE DEPARTMENT DEPLOYMENT POLICY ANALYSIS
Authors: Monarchi David E. , Hendrick Thomas E. , Plane Donald R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the use of simulation in the determination and analysis of alternative deployment strategies for urban fire supression systems. The simulation model utilizes the New York City‐Rand Institute simulator of fire department operations tailored for use with the Denver Fire department. A distinction is made between static deployment (where mathematical programming methods are used) and dynamic analysis (which employs the simulation model). The simulation model is described, as are its extensive data requirements.The results discuss measures of validation of the simulation and outline the recommendations resulting from this research.
AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF CONSTANT AND ADAPTIVE COMPUTER FORECASTING MODELS FOR INVENTORY CONTROL
Authors: Dancer Robert , Gray Clifford 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis study compares the performance of one constant model with two adaptive models. MAD and bias were used as criteria for evaluating performance. The results of testing the adaptive models with the constant model were contrary to the expected better performance of the adaptive models; no significant differences were found between the models over known horizontal, trend, and seasonal demand patterns. However, some of the practical advantages of adaptive forecasting models in business suggest their continued use.
MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING FOR THE STATE EARMARKING PROCESS*
Authors: Simkin Mark G. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn state and local government, earmarking occurs when specific revenues from one or more tax imposts are set aside to fund specific expenditure programs. Problems arise in this dedication process when the theoretical link between the tax and expenditure program is doubtful or when tax receipts do not grow in proportion to desired expenditure patterns. This paper suggests that a long‐range mathematical programming model may be useful in ameliorating this latter “distortionary” aspect of the earmarking process. Extensions of the model, which permit exogenous financial assistance to the special fund, external lending and borrowing, intertemporal transfers of tax revenues or expenditure requirements, or constraints on tax increases or tax‐share burdens, are explored as ways to achieve an equitable as well as flexible tax policy.
ON THE SELECTION OF CRITICAL VALUES IN SEQUENTIAL DECISION PROBLEMS
Authors: Pappas James L. , Wichern Dean W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the effect which the choice of critical values in sequential decisions has on the overall distribution of payoffs. It demonstrates in the context of a simple two‐stage sequential decision model that the mean and variance of the overall distribution can be highly sensitive to the choice of critical values. Finally, it considers the problem of selecting optimal critical values when a standard meanvariance approach is used.
EMPIRICAL TESTS OF CONSTRAINED NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS
Authors: Buffa Elwood S. , Ting Paul B. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA major difficulty in practicing constrained nonlinear optimization is that different optimization algorithms are effective for different classes of problems. The search algorithms tested were selected because they seemingly had the capability of solving ill‐defined problems. The emphasis of this research was on problems that are realistic and do not necessarily satisfy the classical assumptions of convexity, continuity, unimodality, etc. All algorithms were tested on a variety of problems. A problem was described by three types of attributes: the environmental attributes, the objective function attributes, and the constraint set attributes. The results of the study provide selective logic for choosing an effective search algorithm.
COMPARISON OF SEMI‐MARKOV AND MARKOV MODELS IN A PERSONNEL FORECASTING APPLICATION
Authors: Valliant Richard , Milkovich George 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper reports an exploratory study of the development, application, and evaluation of a semi‐Markov model which forecasts personnel mobility rates within a major employer. The accuracy of the model is investigated by comparing the results generated by it to the results from a simple Markov model and to the observed behavior within the organization.
A DECISION MODEL FOR SELECTING ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES: AN EXTENSION*
Authors: Eckardt Walter L. , Aucamp Donald C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA decision rule for selecting a one‐sided or two‐sided alternative for a standard hypothesis test is developed. Using a prior distribution of the parameter to be tested, the alternative is chosen which maximizes expected power. The test of a binomial parameter is presented to illustrate the method.
THE EFFECTS OF ENDORSEMENTS ON PRODUCT EVALUATION
Authors: Fireworker Robert B. , Friedman Hershey H. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effect of product endorsement claims on a consumer's decision making processes. A simulated endorsement claim was made for a product after which a consumer was presented with the product. Endorsements tested were the three most common types in use: celebrity, expert, and typical consumer, with two control groups for experimental design. Three scales of measurement were used to assess the effect of the endorsement: a consumer's intent to purchase, his overall attitude towards the product, and his expected price of the product. The results show the strength of celebrity and typical consumer endorsers. They also show that the endorser effect is dramatically weaker than hypothesized. The Lavidge‐Steiner hierarchy of advertising effects model is introduced in an attempt to explain this phenomenon. Guidelines for further research are provided.
SIMULATION AND SEWAGE
Authors: Mellichamp Joseph M. , Weaver Charles P. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTFaced with increasing pressures on environmental issues, municipal and industrial planners must incorporate changing technology into planning processes. Conventional approaches to wastewater treatment plant design severely limit the ability of the designer to evaluate alternative design configurations. This paper suggests that computer simulation techniques can provide solutions to many of the problems which confront a designer. A simulation model of a hypothetical sewage treatment plant is described, and some of the design trade‐offs that can be evaluated with the model are presented.
A SPECTRAL MEASUREMENT OF THE CYCLICAL PATTERNS OF MULTIVARIATE TIME SERIES
Authors: Cho Dong W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAlthough the diffusion and transmission of cyclical impulses are basic characteristics of economic and business activities, traditional studies of business cycles do not provide an effective measure of cyclical interaction. The purpose of this paper is to use spectral analysis to determine the cyclical patterns of multivariate economic and business time series. The proposed methodology was applied to the regional industrial diversification problem.
DYNAMIC COURSE SCHEDULING FOR COLLEGE FACULTY VIA ZERO‐ONE PROGRAMMING*
Authors: Shih Wei , Sullivan James A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper formulates a multi‐period course scheduling problem as a zero‐one programming model. Under various constraints, and for a planning horizon of several terms, the model seeks to maximize: (1) the faculty course preferences in assigning faculty members to courses, and (2) the faculty time preferences in allocating courses to time blocks, via a two‐stage optimization procedure. The multi‐period structure of the model, strengthened by the explicit inclusion of a wide‐range of constraints designed to represent various special requirements has enabled the model to capture the many dynamic features of the course scheduling problem at the college level. As such, it can be used not only for long‐range or short‐range departmental planning, but also as a suitable framework toward the development of a larger, and all‐inclusive course scheduling decision system. The paper begins with a brief review of several related studies and then presents a multi‐period scheduling model and its extensions. Some numerical examples are used to test the model, and the authors' experience, resulting from such tests with several computer codes, is reported. The possible directions for future research are also suggested.
EDUCATION
Authors: Ahlund Mikael C. , Barksdale Hiram C. , Hilliard Jimmy E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper illustrates how multivariate spectral analysis can be used to analyze complex, dynamic, business systems. Important temporal aspects of multiple time series are captured in the frequency domain by the coherence, phase, and gain statistics. A computer simulation of a time domain model produces sample results which demonstrate how the timing relations between two series can be reversed when the effects common to both series are partialled out. Finally, an empirical multivariate analysis of beef prices is used to determine the timing relations among prices at different levels of the production‐distribution system.
PERCEIVED ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTY AS A MEDIATOR OF EXPECTANCY THEORY PREDICTIONS: SOME PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
Authors: Ferris Kenneth R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractExpectancy theory has been tested in a variety of research settings with somewhat mixed results. One possible explanation for the sometimes low predictive ability of the model is the presence of environmental uncertainty. It was hypothesized that the greater the perceived environmental uncertainty, the greater the uncertainty regarding expectancy estimates. Hence, the predicted relationship between the level of motivation and job performance was expected to vary with the level of perceived uncertainty. Empirical results are presented supporting the hypothesis.
THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF QUANTITATIVE METHODS DOCTORATES IN THE SOUTH
Authors: Render Barry , Wagoner William , Bobo James R. , Corliss Stephen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOf critical importance to educators, students, and their colleges and universities are the demand for and supply of new Ph.D.'s in the quantitative methods field. This study examines projected academic employment conditions, over the period 1977‐1981, for such doctorates in the southern region of the United States.
ON ESTIMATING PARAMETERS FOR BETA DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: Kottas John F. , Lau Hon‐Shiang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to comment on and give historical perspective to two methdologies for estimating parameters of beta distributions. Fielitz and Myers [3] [4] developed and advocated a methodology using the method of moments, while Romesburg [20] advocated a methodology usingthe method of maximum likelihood. However, what Fielitz and Myers presented as new research and suggested as an area needing further study is ground already trampled. The authors have prepared a graph to underline the superiority of the maximum likelihood method in fitting beta distributions.
HERESY IN DECISION ANALYSIS: MODELING SUBSEQUENT ACTS WITHOUT ROLLBACK *
Authors: Brown Rex V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhen making a current decision, like choosing an experiment, a subject will often take into account “subsequent acts” which he does not yet commit to. Common practice requires modeling through preposterior analysis, which treats one act as certain, conditional on the intervening information modeled. This is not logically necessary since the same expected utilities could be obtained by properly conditioning utility on any selection of events (including subsequent acts). The subject could assess utility marginal on subsequent acts or conditional on subsequent acts treated as uncertain events. The preposterior model is a special case of the latter where conditioning information is sufficiently modeled to imply subsequent act probabilities of zero or one. This paper argues that attempts at preposterior modeling are often unsuccessful and have critically flawed much current practice in decision analysis. Simpler approaches such as the “acts‐as‐events” model are intrinsically less dependent on restrictive assumptions and have been successfully applied to many real‐world decisions.
AUTOCORRELATED CASH FLOWS AND THE SELECTION OF A PORTFOLIO OF CAPITAL ASSETS *
Authors: Bey Roger P. , Singleton J. Clay 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCapital budgeting models for analyzing real assets typically are based on a set of restrictive assumptions that influence financial managers' decisions and may prevent optimization of the firm's objectives. This research examines the common restrictive assumption that cash flows are intertemporally independent by first developing an economic state and simulation model based on a Markov process for including autocorrelated cash flows in the capital budgeting decision process and then demonstrating why managers should include autocorrelated cash flows in capital budgeting models by empirically testing the impact of assuming intertemporally independent cash flows on capital budgeting decisions. The results indicate that ignoring autocorrelated cash flows seriously limits the ability of capital budgeting models to provide optimal investment decisions. The model also is very attractive for practical application because it can be implemented with a minimum number of estimates and provides the set of input data required by a number of capital budgeting models. A discussion of the implementation of the model is included.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF ADAPTIVE FORECASTING, RE‐ESTIMATION, AND RE‐IDENTIFICATION USING BOX‐JENKINS TIME‐SERIES ANALYSIS ON QUARTERLY EARNINGS DATA
Authors: McKeown James C. , Lorek Kenneth S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper assesses the predictive ability of the Box‐Jenkins methodology when utilized in an on‐going setting. Three procedures are utilized to update the original forecasts generated from the Box‐Jenkins models: adaptive forecasting, re‐estimation, and re‐identification. The results indicate that constant monitoring of the structure and parameters of the time‐series models are necessary through time. It appears that adaptive forecasting techniques are insufficient to update BJ time‐series models when used in conjunction with quarterly earnings data. Re‐estimation is recommended as each new observation becomes available. Re‐identification procedures are recommended on a less frequent basis.
DIFFERENCES IN ILL‐STRUCTURED PROBLEM SOLVING ALONG THE ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY
Authors: Brightman Harvey J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTProblems are structured when they are repetitive, routine, and well‐defined. Standardized approaches including habit, tradition, standard operating procedures, and sophisticated analytical models are frequently used. Problems are ill‐structured when they are novel, one of a kind, unfocused, and complex. Depending on the level in the organization in which the ill‐structured problems occur, different problem‐solving processes may be utilized. The Dewey and Dewey‐Bentley models are proposed as general methodologies for solving operating problems at the lower levels of the organization. Simon's decision‐process trichotomy is proposed as a methodology for solving strategic problems at the upper levels of the organization. Allison's three conceptual models are suggested as descriptive frameworks for understanding Simon's decision process. Based upon Allison's work, a normative model of strategic problem solving is developed.