bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of viruses identified recently in children with acute wheezing
Authors: Chung Ju‐Young , Han Tae Hee , Kim Sang Woo , Kim Chang Keun , Hwang Eung‐Soo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe etiologic role of recently identified respiratory viruses for acute wheezing in children is not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of recently identified viruses, including human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (hBoV), human coronavirus NL63 (hCoV‐NL63), and human coronavirus HKU1 (hCoV‐HKU1) in children with acute wheezing. Viral etiology was identified in 231 children hospitalized with acute wheezing, aged from 1 month to 5 years. Viral antigens for common respiratory viruses were detected by IFA or multiplex PCR. RT‐PCR was used to detect respiratory rhinoviruses, hCoV‐NL63, hCoV‐HKU1, and hMPV. PCR assays for hBoV DNA were performed using the primer sets for noncapsid protein (NP1) and nonstructural protein (NS1) genes. Viruses were found in 61.5% (142/231) of the study population and a single virus was detected in 45.5% (105/231) of the study population. Rhinovirus (33.3%), human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV; 13.8%), and hBoV (13.8%) were the most frequently detected viruses. hMPV and hCoV‐NL63 were detected in 7.8% and 1.3% of wheezing children, respectively. HCoV‐HKU1 was not detected. In 16.0% of the study population, more than one virus was detected. In children with acute wheezing, rhinovirus, hRSV, and hBoV were most frequently detected. Further studies including healthy control subjects are needed to define the clinical significance of hBoV in acute wheezing. J. Med. Virol. 79: 1238–1243, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of furanocoumarins in vegetables (Apiaceae) and citrus fruits (Rutaceae)
Authors: Peroutka Radek , Schulzová Věra , Botek Petr , Hajšlová Jana 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSeveral alternative approaches applicable for the analysis of furanocoumarins, toxic components occurring in some fruits and vegetables representing both Apiaceae and Rutaceae families, were tested in our study. Limits of detection (LODs) for angelicin, psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin, trioxsalen, isopimpinellin, sphondin, pimpinellin and isobergapten obtained by GC/MS (SIM) were in the range 0.01–0.08 µg g−1. Slightly higher LODs (0.02–0.20 µg g−1) were achieved by LC/MS–MS. The latter is the only alternative for analysis of bergamottin (LOD = 0.01 µg g−1) in citrus fruits because this furanocoumarin is unstable under GC conditions. Regardless of the determination step used, the repeatability of the measurements (expressed as RSD) did not exceed 10%. As shown in our study the levels of furanocoumarins in celery, celeriac, parsnip, carrot, lemon and other foods obtained at a retail market varied over a wide range; the highest contents were determined in parsnip, while the levels of these toxins in carrots and citrus pulps were relatively low. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Enantiomeric purity of (+/–)‐methyl jasmonate in fresh leaf samples and commercial fragrances
Authors: Ruiz del Castillo Maria L. , Blanch Gracia P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe enantiomeric purity of (+/–)‐methyl jasmonate in fresh leaf material of Jasminum from different species and Rosmarinus officinalis was examined by solid‐phase microextraction‐GC‐MS (SPME‐GC‐MS). For comparison with these natural products, commercial jasmine and rosemary fragrances were also studied. The extraction conditions were selected as a result of testing different values of temperature (40, 50, and 60°C) and time (2, 15, 30, and 40 min). The results obtained in this work revealed a range of enantiomeric excesses for (+/–)‐methyl jasmonate varying from 13 to 95% depending on the Jasminum specie considered. In contrast, (–)‐methyl jasmonate always occurred as a pure enantiomer in all R. officinalis samples studied. This implies those Jasminum species in which the enantiomeric purity of (–)‐methyl jasmonate is high enough and any R. officinalis sample might be used as natural sources of pure (–)‐methyl jasmonate. Concerning the commercial fragrances, those of jasmine showed enantiomeric composition of (–)‐methyl jasmonate ranging from 1 to 15% whereas those of rosemary exhibited practically the pure (–)‐methyl jasmonate. This fact suggests the addition and nonaddition of the racemic mixture of methyl jasmonate to the commercial jasmine and rosemary samples, respectively.
Are trauma narratives unique and do they predict psychological adjustment?
Authors: Beaudreau Sherry A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCommunity‐dwelling adults (N = 104) aged 20‐ to 99‐years‐old told narratives about neutral, positive, and worst traumatic events; they also completed mental health questionnaires. Consistent with previous research, trauma narratives were longer, and contained more somatosensory and negative bodily experience detail. Recent trauma was associated with more somatosensory detail. Longer trauma narratives were associated with better psychological adjustment, whereas negative bodily experiences related to poorer psychological adjustment and more posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results provide some support for unique trauma narrative characteristics indicative of psychological adjustment among community‐dwelling adults.
A randomized trial of self‐management and psychoeducational group therapies for comorbid chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive disorder
Authors: Dunn Nancy Jo , Rehm Lynn P. , Schillaci Jeanne , Souchek Julianne , Mehta Paras , Ashton Carol M. , Yanasak Elisia , Hamilton Joseph D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe authors randomized 101 male veterans with chronic combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive disorder to an evidence‐based depression treatment (self‐management therapy; n = 51) or active‐control therapy (n = 50). Main outcome measures for efficacy, using intention‐to‐treat analyses, were subjective and objective PTSD and depression scales at pretest, posttest, and 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month follow‐up. Other measures included treatment compliance, satisfaction, treatment‐targeted constructs, functioning, service utilization, and costs. Self‐management therapy's modestly greater improvement on depression symptoms at treatment completion disappeared on follow‐up. No other differences on symptoms or functioning appeared, although psychiatric outpatient utilization and overall outpatient costs were lower with self‐management therapy. Despite success in other depressed populations, self‐management therapy produced no clinically significant effect in depression with chronic PTSD.
Metallocene‐Catalyzed Polymerization in Nonaqueous Fluorous Emulsion
Authors: Nenov Svetlin , Clark Christopher G. , Klapper Markus , Müllen Klaus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA nonaqueous organic‐in‐fluorous emulsion applicable for polymerization using water‐sensitive catalysts is presented. With statistical biphasic copolymers based on poly(4‐hydroxystyrene) containing fluorinated and nonfluorinated alkyl side chains, emulsions of hydrocarbons dispersed in perfluorocarbons were stabilized. The addition of metallocenes, activated by methylalumoxane (MAO), enabled the polymerization of olefins inside this highly hydrophobic system. High molecular weight polyolefin nanoparticles ($\overline M _{\rm n}$ up to 450 000) of polyethylene and poly(propylene) were synthesized without supporting the catalyst and without reactor fouling. In this diffusion‐controlled process, the sizes of the particles were controlled by the reaction time and the ratio of the emulsifier to solvents.magnified image
Pressure‐Sensitive Adhesive Blend Films for Low‐Tack Applications
Authors: Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Ittner Thilo , Maurer Edith , Körstgens Volker , Petry Winfried 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPolymer blend films consisting of a tacky and a nonadhesive component are promising candidates for low‐tack applications. Immiscibility of both components results in a phase separation process yielding a tacky matrix with glassy objects embedded. The influence of the blending ratio of the components poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PnBA) and polystyrene (PS) is addressed. The mechanical information resulting from the tack test shows the possibility of varying the bonding strength of the PSA blend over a wide range. The macroscopic and microscopic structural characterization with optical microscopy and ultrasmall angle X‐ray scattering (USAXS) shows that the blend PnBA/PS exhibits similarities to common filler systems as well as deviates regarding installed structures. Due to the large domain size on a microscopic level, only the tacky component, PnBA, defines the adhesive behavior. The nonadhesive component limits the contact area between the adhesive and the substrate.magnified image
Nerve regeneration along bioengineered scaffolds
Authors: Geuna S. , Nicolino S. , Raimondo S. , Gambarotta G. , Battiston B. , Tos P. , Perroteau I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTissue engineering has recently seen great advancements in many medical fields, including peripheral nerve reconstruction. In the rat median nerve model, we investigated nerve repair by means of bioengineered tissue scaffolds (muscle‐vein‐combined tubes) focusing on changes in the neuregulin‐1/ErbB‐receptor system which represents one of the main regulatory systems of axo‐glial interaction in peripheral nerves. Repaired nerves were withdrawn at 5, 15, and 30 days postoperative and processed for morphological and retro‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis. Results revealed an early and progressive increase in the expression of NRG1α isoform only, while the appearance of the β isoform of NRG1, which is normally present in peripheral nerves, was delayed. In regards to ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors, their expression increased progressively inside the muscle‐vein‐combined scaffolds, though with different kinetics. Taken together, these results suggest that variations in neuregulin‐1/ErbB system activation play a key role in peripheral nerve regeneration along bioengineered muscle‐vein‐combined scaffolds. Since similar variations are also detectable in denervated skeletal muscles, it can be hypothesized that the existence of a NRG1's autocrine/paracrine trophic loop shared by both glial and muscle fibers could be responsible for the effectiveness of muscle‐vein‐combined conduits for repairing nerve defects. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Intraseptal superficial peroneal nerve
Authors: Williams Eric H. , Dellon A. Lee 
Published: June 2007

AbstractKnowledge of the anatomy of the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) is necessary for surgeons caring for patients with lower extremity pain after ankle, leg, or knee injuries, for athletes with exertional compartment syndrome, and those having reconstructive microsurgery with either soft tissue or vascularized fibular flaps. The anatomy of the SPN is known to be that of a peripheral nerve traveling in the lateral compartment of the lower leg. Recently, clearer descriptions of its variability have documented that between 27 and 43% of patients have the SPN in either the anterior compartment or both the anterior and the lateral compartment of the leg. The present observations record the location of the SPN within the septum that separates the anterior from the lateral compartment. Awareness of this unusual variant location will enable the surgeon to find and preserve the SPN during fasciotomy, neurolysis, neuroma resection, or bony and soft tissue reconstruction. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Chimerism and bone marrow based therapies in transplantation
Authors: Siemionow Maria , Nasir Serdar 
Published: June 2007

AbstractComposite tissue allotransplantation holds a great potential for providing increased knowledge of anatomy and microsurgical experience for life‐enhancing reconstructions. Many transplant cases around the world have made this a clinical reality at the present time. Composite tissue allotransplants contain multiple tissue types, including bone, muscle, vessels, nerves, skin, and immune cells and bear a huge antigenic load. Although immunosuppressive drugs are applied successfully to prevent allograft rejection, their side effects pose a barrier to worldwide use. Bone marrow therapy in many tolerance induction protocols, therefore, provides a guide to reaching the target of permanent immunotolerance. Multiple studies suggest that bone marrow is immunomodulatory and may facilitate allograft acceptance. In this review, bone marrow based therapy protocols of clinical and experimental models are presented in two major categories: solid organ and composite tissue transplantation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Why we need excess condemnation. A Boon to the Property Owner—A Blessing to the Public
Authors: Purdy Lawson 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEcxecc Condemnation is a poor word for a good thing. It simply means the power to apply eminent domain to land in excess of that physicaly needed for an improvement but incidental to it. The purpose is usually either to protect the improvement or to put the incidental land to its best use
Visitor orientation and its impact on the financial situation of cultural institutions in Germany
Authors: Hausmann Andrea 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

In Germany, the financing of cultural activities is heavily dependent on state funding. About 90% of cultural funding comes from the public sector. However, because of the precarious state of public finances, funding for cultural activities has been steadily reduced in the last years. Against this background, German cultural institutions are essentially compelled to develop appropriate measures in order to improve their competitive situation in the context of scarce public resources, and to seek additional sources of finance in order to stabilise their situation over the longer term. One of the more suitable means of increasing revenue on an ongoing basis, is to improve and extend the marketing and visitor‐related activities themselves. But how should the marketing or visitor orientation be formulated so that it contributes towards the organisation's social mission as well as improves the financial position of the cultural institution? With respect to the particular financing situation of German cultural institutions, this paper will try to give an answer to this question.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social marketing in action—geodemographics, alcoholic liver disease and heavy episodic drinking in Great Britain
Authors: Powell Jane , Tapp Alan , Sparks Emily 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

This paper explores the use of geodemographic population classifications to identify and predict ‘hotspots’ of Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) prone to greater than expected alcoholic liver disease. MOSAIC geodemographic codes were overlaid onto Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for Great Britain. The HES data included gender, MOSAIC Type, MOSAIC Code, postal and local authority district, month and year of birth, ethnic origin, Primary Care Trust and GP code. Analysis demonstrated that some geodemographic classifications of the population were over‐represented for alcoholic liver disease episodes. These groups had low socio‐economic and socio‐cultural status, lived in areas of high deprivation and disadvantage. Manchester followed by Liverpool and Hull had the highest estimated patient group size in England and Hart, Surrey Heath and Wokingham the three lowest (indicating low expected levels of alcoholic liver disease compared with average). Analysis of the same data was also carried out at postcode level for Manchester indicating ‘hotspots’ for alcoholic level disease at street level. This analysis exemplifies the ways in which geodemographic data might be usefully applied to routine health service data to enhance service planning, delivery and improved targeting of information in harder to reach populations.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein conformational transitions explored by mixed elastic network models
Authors: Zheng Wenjun , Brooks Bernard R. , Hummer Gerhard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe develop a mixed elastic network model (MENM) to study large‐scale conformational transitions of proteins between two (or more) known structures. Elastic network potentials for the beginning and end states of a transition are combined, in effect, by adding their respective partition functions. The resulting effective MENM energy function smoothly interpolates between the original surfaces, and retains the beginning and end structures as local minima. Saddle points, transition paths, potentials of mean force, and partition functions can be found efficiently by largely analytic methods. To characterize the protein motions during a conformational transition, we follow “transition paths” on the MENM surface that connect the beginning and end structures and are invariant to parameterizations of the model and the mathematical form of the mixing scheme. As illustrations of the general formalism, we study large‐scale conformation changes of the motor proteins KIF1A kinesin and myosin II. We generate possible transition paths for these two proteins that reveal details of their conformational motions. The MENM formalism is computationally efficient and generally applicable even for large protein systems that undergo highly collective structural changes. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing Mounting Media to Eliminate Background Noise in Confocal Microscope 3‐D Images of Insect Genitalia
Authors: Schawaroch Valerie , Li Sarah C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecently, the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) has been used to image and generate three‐dimensional reconstructions of miniscule insect tissues and cuticular structures. These three‐dimensional reconstructions provide the investigator with key information concerning the spatial relationship among structures and substructures. Unfortunately, there can be high levels of background “noise” which can obscure the specimen in these three‐dimensional reconstructions. This background “noise” might be a result of the mounting media either autofluorescing or reflecting and scattering the imaged specimen's fluorescence. The standard nonpermanent mounting medium is glycerine jelly (a 1:17:17 ratio of porcine gelatin to glycerine to water). In this study, the organic molecule (lipid, protein, or carbohydrate) added to the glycerine water mixture was varied. The relative background to specimen signal (the mean voxel brightness reading in ImageJ freeware) was compared across mountants. The mounting media tested are ranked from best (least background noise) to worst (most background noise) as follows: agarose, agar, pectin, gelatin (the standard), petroleum jelly. A 1% agarose mountant (1:50:50 ratio of agarose to glycerine to water) is recommended because it causes little to no background noise, provides consistent high quality contrast between specimen and background with increasing depth, and is easy to handle. SCANNING 29: 000–000, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serotonin‐caused phase shift of circadian rhythmicity in a photosensitive neuron
Authors: Rodríguez‐Sosa Leonardo , Calderón‐Rosete Gabina , Flores Gonzalo , Porras M.G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the sixth abdominal ganglion (sixth AG) of the crayfish, two photosensitive neurons are located and have been identified as caudal photoreceptors (CPRs). We have expanded our investigation on the role of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) as a modulator of the spontaneous and light‐induced activity of the CPR. We located, by using immunocytochemistry, neurons in the sixth AG that contain the 5HT1A receptor. The expression of these receptors was examined by binding assays with [3H] 8‐hydroxy‐2 (di‐n‐propylamino) tetralin ([3H(8‐OH‐DPAT). We examined the exogenous action of both 5HT and its agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT on the phase of circadian rhythms of the spontaneous electrical activity and the photoresponse of the CPR in the isolated sixth AG by conventional extracellular recording methods. Experiments were made on the adult crayfish Procambarus clarkii and Cherax quadricarinatus. Thirteen immunopositive neurons were located, principally near the ventral and dorsal surface of the sixth AG, with the mean diameter of their somata 20 ± 3 μm. The specific binding data showed the presence of 5‐HT1A receptors with a mean level of 22.4 ± 6.6 fmol/mg of wet tissue. Spontaneous and light‐induced electrical activity of the CPR showed circadian variations with their activity more intense at night than in the day. Exogenous application of 5‐HT or 8‐OH‐DPAT causes a circadian phase‐shift in electrical activity of the CPR. Taken together, these results lead us to believe the 5‐HT acts as a modulator of circadian electrical activity of the CPR in the isolated sixth AG of crayfish. Moreover, it suggests that the 5‐HT1A receptor participates in this modulation. Synapse 61:801–808, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired contractile reserve in severe mitral valve regurgitation with a preserved ejection fraction
Authors: McGinley Joseph C. , Berretta Remus M. , Chaudhary Khuram , Rossman Eric , Bratinov George D. , Gaughan John P. , Houser Steven , Margulies Kenneth B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundImpaired contractile reserve in chronic MR results from load‐independent, myocyte contractile abnormalities.AimsInvestigate the mechanisms of contractile dysfunction in chronic mitral valve regurgitation (MR).MethodsMild MR was produced in eight dogs followed by pacing induced left ventricular (LV) dilatation over eight months. In‐vivo LV dP/dt was measured at several pacing rates. Contractile function was measured in isolated LV trabeculae and myocytes at several stimulation rates and during changes in extracellular [Ca2+]. Identical studies were performed with six control dogs.ResultsChronic MR resulted in a preserved ejection fraction with decreased dP/dt (p<0.01). LV trabeculae demonstrated significantly lower developed force and a negative force–frequency relation with chronic MR (p<0.05). Myocytes exhibited a negative shortening‐frequency relationship in both groups with a greater decline with chronic MR (p<0.001) paralleled by decreases in peak [Ca2+]i transients. Increases in extracellular [Ca2+] abrogated the defects in force generation in trabeculae from animals with chronic MR.ConclusionEven with a preserved EF, chronic severe MR results in a significant reduction in intrinsic contractile function and reserve. Functional impairment was load‐independent reflecting a predominant defect in calcium cycling rather than impaired peak force generating capacity due to myofibrillar attenuation.
Left-sided aortic arch, right-sided descending aorta, and right-sided arterial duct associated with interruption of the aortic arch and presence of Abbott’s artery
Authors: Nisli Kemal , Aydogan Umrah , Tansel Turkan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe describe a male infant, seen at the age of 10 days, with a very rare form of vascular ring. The aortic arch was left-sided, but the aorta descended on the right, with a right-sided persistently patent arterial duct associated with interruption of the aortic arch and presence of Abbott’s artery. We performed end-to-side anastomosis of the descending aorta to the ascending aorta, divided the Abbott’s artery and the right-sided arterial duct, and banded the pulmonary trunk. Despite our best efforts, the patient died on the eighth day after the surgical intervention.
Workshop report: 1st INCF Workshop on Large-scale Modeling of the Nervous System
Authors: Djurfeldt Mikael , Lansner Anders 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe goal of this workshop was to survey current demands, ongoing activities, and plans relating to development of tools for scalable neural network simulation. Areas covered included software components for preprocessing/model setup, as well as for storage, analysis, and visualization of results. Participants discussed the need for coordinated action in the field with regard to model, method and tool development. The reports a description of the state-of-art in the field as well as recommendations for actions to facilitate infrastructure developments.