bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Views on Abortion: A Comparison of Female Genetic Counselors and Women from the General Population
Authors: Woltanski Amelia R. , Cragun Ryan T. , Myers Melanie F. , Cragun Deborah L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWhile literature characterizing individual genetic counselors’ abortion attitudes is sparse, the National Society of Genetic Counselors takes a clear stance for reproductive autonomy. To determine genetic counselors’ views, this study compared (1) genetic counselors’ abortion attitudes to those of women from the general population and (2) genetic counselors’ professional abortion attitudes to their personal abortion attitudes. Genetic counselors were invited to complete an online survey. Response rate was 44.3% (709/1,601). Compared to women from the general population, female genetic counselors were significantly more likely to agree abortion should be an option in all cases (p < .001). Controlling for other possible confounders, regression analyses revealed that being a genetic counselor, religious service attendance and age were significantly predictive of abortion attitudes. Although the vast majority of genetic counselors agree that abortion should be available, they are significantly less likely to personally consider abortion under all circumstances presented (p < .001), and the percentage of genetic counselors who would consider terminating in the case of a severe birth defect is similar to studies of other women.
The Distribution of Finite Values of Meromorphic Functions with Deficient Poles
Authors: Kendall G. F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA result is presented giving conditions on a set of open discs in the complex plane that ensure that a transcendental meromorphic function with Nevanlinna deficient poles omits at most one finite value outside the set of discs. This improves a previous result of Langley, and goes some way towards closing a gap between Langley's result and a theorem of Toppila in which the omitted values considered may include ∞
Genetic Diversity and Agricultural Potential in Phaseolus vulgaris L
Authors: Froussios George , Hutchinson Joseph 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTo assess the potentialities of Ph. vulgaris for haricot type bean production in Britain, a large collection of types was surveyed. One hundred varieties, mostly but not exclusively bush types, were grown both in the greenhouse and in the field. Characters of agronomic importance were evaluated. The morphological basis of the difference between the climbing and the bush habit was shown to be the interaction between two character contrasts, indeterminate versus determinate vegetative growth, and long versus short internodes. The four classes resulting from this interaction were identified and are described. Flowering habit, pod type and seed size were surveyed. Among the bush beans, wide variation in day length sensitivity in flowering was shown, and it is clear that day length neutral types can easily be selected. Among the determinate dwarfs, pods are either leathery or fleshy. Leathery types dry out readily, and do not dehisce freely in the field, and are therefore agronomically desirable in dry bean production. Fleshy pods are used for culinary purposes. The indeterminate bush types included in this survey have parchmented pods, which tend to dehisce when dry, and hence are subject to crop loss in the field. A wide range of seed size and seed colour is available for selection according to requirement. Two small variety trials yielded evidence that Colombian determinate bush types grow and crop satisfactorily within the limits of the growing season in eastern England. From two spacing trials, optimum within-row spacing was deduced.
Effects of Soil Moisture Stress on Two Varieties of Upland Cotton in Israel I. The Coastal Plain Region
Authors: Marani A. , Amirav A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYEffects of moisture stress during different stages of cotton development were examined in two experiments when temperatures were mild and evapotranspiration less than 6 mm./day. Two varieties of upland cotton, Acala 4–42 and Deltapine Smoothleaf, were affected similarly. Moisture stress at the beginning of flowering reduced growth rate and the numbers of flowers and bolls. During the second half of the flowering period it reduced the percentage of boll retention, boll number, boll weight, seed index, lint index and lint length. Stress during boll development had similar effects and caused earlier maturity. Lint yield was reduced significantly by moisture stress during each of the periods but tensile strength of lint was not affected. Three irrigations, if properly timed so that no appreciable moisture stress occurred, were sufficient for high yields and good quality of lint, and the first could be postponed until after flowering began without any loss in yield.
Effects of Soil Moisture Stress on Two Varieties of Upland Cotton in Israel II. The Northern Negev Region
Authors: Shimshi D. , Marani A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of moisture stress at various stages of development were studied on two varieties of cotton in the arid Negev region of Israel. Experiments over two years indicated that the stage at which moisture stress occurred determined its effect: when at the beginning of flowering, yield was considerably reduced; at the peak of flowering there was a less pronounced effect; and when stress occurred during boll development it had an effect in only one year, when reserves of moisture in the deep soil layers were low. Lint yield ranged from 380 kg./ha. without irrigation to 2150 kg./ha. with five irrigations. Effects on lint length and lint strength were also studied. Two physiological indices, stomatal aperture and refractive index of leaf sap, were used to determine the onset of moisture stress.
Effects of Depth of Submergence, Fertilization and Cultivation on Water Requirement and Yield of Rice
Authors: Pande H. K. , Mittra B. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYUnder the three levels of submergence (0, 5 and 10 cm. depths), water requirement of rice was maximum at 10 cm. but crop performance was similar to that at 5 cm. With medium and high levels of fertilization the crop had a higher water requirement than under low level, for ‘aus’ and ‘aman’ crops. Compacted soil compared well with puddled soil, but water requirement was appreciably higher with shallow puddling. In the two seasons water requirement, transpiration, evaporation and percolation losses were greater under submergence, and only transpiration was greater under higher levels of fertilization. Transpiration was maximum at flowering stage.
Population and Spacing Studies with Malawian Groundnut Cultivars
Authors: Laurence R. C. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of plant population on the yields of four commercially important Malawian groundnut cultivars have been investigated. Pod number per plant was found to be the most variable component, bearing an inverse relationship to plant density. Kernel weight and shelling percentage were low at reduced populations, and yields and kernel size declined at very high populations. The effect of plant habit upon spacing requirement is discussed and recommendations are made.
Onset and Rate of Root Bulking in Cassava
Authors: Wholey Douglas W. , Cock James H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThirteen cultivars of cassava were planted, widely spaced, and harvested after two, three, five and seven months. Differences in root yield after seven months were caused by variations in rate of root bulking, and were not associated with differences in onset of root bulking, which occurred during the second month of growth in all varieties that produced thickened roots.
Boron Deficiency on Cotton in Northern Nigeria II. The Effect of Variety
Authors: Smithson J. B. , Heathcote R. G. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYCotton varieties differ in their sensitivity to boron deficiency. Breeding for tolerance of deficiency offers some scope for yield increases under the prevailing non-intensive conditions under which most of the crop is grown in northern Nigeria, but cannot be considered a complete solution to the problem.
Effects of Intercropping Maize with Pigeon Peas on Grain Yield and Nutrient Uptake
Authors: Dalal R. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIntercropping maize with pigeon peas, in a mixed stand or in alternate rows, significantly reduced the grain yield of maize but not of pigeon peas. Maize grown alone produced the maximum grain yield ha.−1 week−1, whereas maize and pigeon peas grown in alternate rows produced maximum proteins ha.−1 week−1 and absorbed the maximum amounts of potassium, calcium and magnesium. Pigeon peas grown in a pure stand produced minimum grain yield and proteins ha.−1 week−1, and absorbed minimum amounts of nutrients. The problem of intercropping maize with pigeon peas under optimum nitrogen fertilization is discussed.
Use of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) Leaf Tips as Vegetables I. Evaluation of Morphological Traits
Authors: Villareal R. L. , Lin S. K. , Chang L. S. , Lai S. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThere is wide variation in the morphological characteristics of sweet potato leaf tips which are acceptable as a vegetable for human consumption. Thus many cultivars are available from which further selections can be made for yield, palatability, tenderness, flavour, and nutritional quality. A list is given of some cultivars which combine a number of desirable traits.
Storage of Cassava Chips (Manihot esculenta): Insect Infestation and Damage
Authors: Parker Bruce L. , Booth Robert H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYInsects cause serious problems during the storage of cassava chips, when quality may be reduced and significant quantities of the product consumed. The major species naturally infesting chips were Rhizopertha dominica, Lasioderma serricorne and Araecerus fasciculatus. Infestation occurs during the sun-drying process, and up to 16% reduction in chip weight due to insect feeding was recorded after 2 months storage. Chips that had not received any pre-drying storage, but contained salt as a preservative, were infested by fewer insects than chips without salt. The poorest quality chips had significantly more insects than better quality ones.
Effect of Preceding Grain Legumes on Dryland Pearl Millet in NW India
Authors: Giri Gajendra , De Rajat 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYYields of pearl millet were significantly increased when grown after legume crops such as groundnut (22·6%), cowpea (24·2%) or pigeonpea (12·1%) instead of after pearl millet. A previous crop of short-duration mung did not affect the yield of pearl millet. Benefits from previous crops of groundnut and cowpea were equivalent to about 60 kg N/ha applied to a pearl millet crop following a previous crop of pearl millet.
Symbiosis, Nitrogen and Dry Matter Distribution in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: Evans J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIn symbiotically-dependent chickpea, nodule mass and rates of nitrogenase activity increased when vegetative growth increased rapidly, but declined during fruiting. The specific activity of nodules declined as their mass rapidly increased. Nodule mass and rates of nitrogenase activity varied between genotypes, as did the point of maximum activity, which in some genotypes occurred before fruit growth dominated shoot growth. Current N2-fixation supplied most of the nitrogen for pod and seed growth, but in some genotypes mobilization of nitrogen from vegetative parts was evident. Seed attracted up to 50% of assimilated nitrogen; residual nitrogen was contained mainly in leaf and pod tissue, though in one genotype stem nitrogen was plentiful.
Gas Exchange of Four Cassava Cultivars in Relation to Light Intensity
Authors: Palta Jairo A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYGas exchange measurements were carried out on four cassava cultivars, M. COL22, M. MEX59, M. COL638, and M. VEN218, under a range of light intensities, to investigate possible differences in photosynthesis and transpiration. Over the range of photon flux density 100–1500 μE m−2 s−1 leaves showed a light saturation response typical of C-3 plants with little increase in photosynthetic rate above 1000–1500 μE m−2 s−1 (200–300 Wm−2 PAR). At light saturation there were significant differences in photosynthetic rates between cultivars, with the highest 10% greater than the lowest. Part of the response could be attributed to increased stomatal aperture, and a greater part to a direct effect of light intensity on the photosynthetic apparatus. Transpiration increased with light intensity levels, but no significant differences were observed between cultivars.
Light Transmission and Pasture Composition Under Smallholder Coconut Plantations in Malaita, Solomon Islands
Authors: Litscher T. , Whiteman P. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYFourteen smallholder coconut plantations, subdivided into 27 uniform sub-units, were surveyed in an area around Dala, in Western Malaita, Solomon Islands. Most units (17 out of 27) had densities of 160–200 palms ha−1 with a median light transmission of 50–55%. Palm growth was poor due to low soil K, and copra yields averaged only 540 kg ha−1 year−1 Batiki (Ischaemum aristatum) was the most important sown grass, and its productivity was significantly related to stocking rate and weed control, but not directly with light transmission. Farmers should thin dense palm stands, adjust stocking rates in relation to actual areas of pasture available, and institute careful and adequate weed control.
Studies of the Zinc Requirements of Different Crops
Authors: Tiwari K. N. , Pathak A. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years commencing in 1979–80 on the Indo-Gangetic alluvial soil of Pura to investigate the requirements for zinc of wheat, chickpea, mustard and Egyptian clover. Chickpea and Egyptian clover were more sensitive to zinc deficiency than wheat and mustard, respectively. Average total dry matter production by Egyptian clover and wheat was larger than mustard and chickpea. Egyptian clover and wheat required more zinc to achieve maximum dry matter production but they also recovered from the soil a larger proportion of applied zinc than chickpea and mustard. Mustard produced the most dry matter per unit of zinc absorbed.
Investigating Source-Sink Relations in Cassava by Reciprocal Grafts
Authors: Dahniya M. T. , Oputa C. O. , Hahn S. K. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe relation between source potentials and sink capacities of four cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz) varieties with different characteristics was investigated by means of reciprocal grafts. There were marked differences in the sink capacities (average stock effects) and source potentials (average scion effects) of the varieties.
Effects of Fertilizers and Plant Age on Distribution of Nutrients in Nigerian Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
Authors: Okeke J. E. , Kang B. T. , Obigbesan G. O. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of soil fertilization and plant age on the nutrient composition of various parts of five Nigerian cassava varieties were studied to identify suitable index plant tissue(s), sensitive growth stage(s) and optimum nutrient concentrations, to develop better fertilizer practices for the crop. The third month from planting was the most sensitive stage for diagnostic sampling, when N status was best reflected in leaf blades and K in petioles. N and P were most concentrated in leaf blades and least in root tubers. The largest root tuber yields after 12 months were associated with leaf blade analyses of 5% N, 0.4% P and 2% K at 3 months after planting.
Relationship of Base Temperature to Development of Spring Wheat
Authors: Del Pozo Alejandro H. , García-Huidobro Jorge , Novoa Rafael , Villaseca Sergio 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe base temperature and thermal time for different development stages of spring wheat cultivars were calculated using a linear relation between the rate of development and the mean temperature. The results show that germination, emergence, tillering and leaf elongation (the vegetative phase) have a base temperature around 2°C but the elongation of the culm and the reproductive phase (tillering-maturity) have a base temperature over 6°C. A general model to describe the time to maturity of spring wheats, which takes account of these different phases, is proposed.
Twenty Years' Results from a Shade and Fertilizer Trial on Amazon Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) in Ghana
Authors: Ahenkorah Y. , Halm B. J. , Appiah M. R. , Akrofi G. S. , Yirenkyi J. E. K. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of three shade densities, NPK fertilizers and fertilizer-pest/disease relationship on Amazon cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) over a 20-year period are reported. Yields equivalent to the mean yield from the unfertilized plots were achieved in about 3, 4 and 6 years in fertilized plots under the no shade (S0), medium shade (S1) and heavy shade (S2) treatments, respectively. There were three growth phases, each characterized by a different yield trend. No appreciable changes in the exchangeable Ca and Mg were observed during the experiments, but K dropped to 68% of its initial value while the available P of the unfertilized and the S0 plots fell by 38%. Fertilizer recommendations for P and K should take account of overhead shade. The effect of N application was often negative. No direct relationship was observed between fertilizer treatment and the incidence of pest/blackpod/swollen shoot virus (SSV) disease of cocoa. SSV infection was greatest under S0. Cocoa farms in Ghana cannot maintain high yields (above 1000 kg dry cocoa ha−1) beyond 15 years of intensive cropping.
Response of Chickpea Cultivars to Water Stress in a Semi-arid Environment
Authors: Sivakumar M. V. K. , Singh Piara 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe combined effect of soil moisture stress in the root zone and atmospheric evaporative demand on the growth and yield of two chickpea cultivars was investigated using four sowing dates and three irrigation regimes within each sowing date during the 1980–81 and 1981–82 seasons at the ICRISAT research centre. Total water use was different for different irrigation regimes and sowing dates and there were differences in the total dry weight and seed yield of chickpea between the sowing dates and the irrigation regimes. The cultivars did not differ in dry matter production. However, cv. Annigeri yielded more than cv. L-550 under all irrigation regimes. Differences in seed weight were observed between irrigation regimes and sowing dates and there were interactions between sowing dates and cultivars and between irrigation regimes, sowing dates and cultivars. High air temperatures during the period from flowering to maturity reduced the time to maturity of late-sown chickpea and led to reduced seed size and lower yields. The efficiency of use of applied water was also low for the late-sown crop.
Yield Distribution in Irrigated tea (Camellia Sinensis) at Two Sites in Eastern Africa
Authors: Carr M. K. V. , Dale M. O. , Stephens William 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe results of two tea irrigation experiments conducted independently in southern Tanzania and Malawi, where severe annual droughts of similar duration occur, were compared. There were marked differences in the dry season yield distributions between the two sites. These could be attributed to the adverse effects of large saturation deficits on plant water status and rates of shoot extension in Malawi. The implications for tea irrigation in particular and for irrigation agronomy experiments in general are discussed. The need to include detailed descriptions of the environment in which experiments are conducted is stressed.
Influence of Mode and Time of Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) Application on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) under Semi-arid Rainfed Conditions in North-West India
Authors: Giri Gajendra , Gangasaran  
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted during the monsoon seasons of 1982 to 1984 to investigate the effect of chlormequat chloride (CCC) and its mode and time of application on groundnut. Foliar application of CCC 60 days after sowing at the rate of 200 ppm reduced moisture loss and increased relative leaf water content and yield. Soaking seed in a 0.5% CCC solution also increased relative leaf water content, root nodulation and seed yield.
The Effects of Elemental Sulphur on Shoot Dry Weight, Nodulation and Pod Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) under Irrigation
Authors: Hago Tageldin M. , Salama M. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYField experiments were carried out to study the effects of elemental sulphur on irrigated groundnut. The sulphur was applied at rates of 50, 100 or 150 kg ha−1, either at sowing, at flowering or in two equal splits at sowing and flowering. Shoot dry weight, total sulphur content of leaves, nodule number per plant and pod yield were all significantly increased by sulphur treatment, but nodule dry weight was unaffected. The greatest response lay at or below 50 kg ha−1 applied at sowing. There were no further increases in response above this level.
The Effect of Cumulative Erosion and Rainfall on Sorghum, Pearl Millet and Castor Bean Yields Under Dry Farming Conditions in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Vittal K. P. R. , Vijayalakshmi K. , Rao U. M. B. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTopsoil depth and yields of sorghum, pearl millet and castor bean were found to be positively correlated when monitored over thirteen seasons under widely varying rainfall conditions on an Alfisol in Andhra Pradesh, India. Yields responded up to 2.5 times more to topsoil depth when rainfall in the critical period exceeded evapotranspiration than under drier conditions. Yield variations were explained by topsoil depth in cereals, and by the interaction between rainfall during the critical period and topsoil depth in cereals and castor bean (R2<0.72). The expected yield losses as a result of erosion, based on 56 years of rainfall data, were 138, 84 and 51 kg ha−1cm−1for sorghum, pearl millet and castor bean, respectively. Quadratic models explained the yield losses due to cumulative erosion under conditions of both poor and good rainfall during the critical period. Sorghum and pearl millet tended to produce no yield when erosion exceeded 34 cm and castor bean when it exceeded 40 cm. There was less reduction in yield when rainfall was poor, up to about 10 cm of erosion, than when rainfall was good. The results indicate that pearl millet and castor bean are more suitable than sorghum for low rainfall and eroded conditions.
An Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Soyabean Planting Methods in the Central Province of Zambia
Authors: Chanda K. S. , Bezuneh M. , Gibson P. T. , Olsen F. J. , Hudgens R. E. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYSoyabean (Glycine max) is a relatively new crop for small-scale farmers in Zambia which has been adopted following the introduction of new cultivars, greater opportunity to obtain credit, easier marketing and an attractive guaranteed price. However, low yields limit production partly due to the lack of a planting method that establishes optimal populations. The present method is to plough and plant in the same operation, dribbling the seed behind the ox-plough. This often leads to uneven depth of planting, and hence to poor seedling emergence and erratic stands. Alternative planting techniques evaluated on farmers' fields for three seasons (1985/86–1987/88) suggest that farmers should replace their practice of planting behind the plough with either hand seeding following a plough–harrow operation or the use of a modified ox-drawn planter (Taparia).