bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative damage of retinal pigment epithelial cells and age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Qin Suofu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDamage to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is an early and crucial event in the molecular pathways leading to clinically relevant age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) changes. Oxidative stress, the major environmental risk factor for atrophic AMD, causes RPE injury that results in a chronic inflammatory response, drusen formation, and RPE atrophy. RPE degeneration ultimately leads to a progressive irreversible degeneration of photoreceptors. In vitro studies show that oxidant‐treated RPE cells undergo apoptosis, a possible mechanism by which RPE cells are lost during the early phase of atrophic AMD. The main target of oxidative injury appears to be mitochondria, an organelle known to accumulate genomic damage during aging. Addition of GSH, the most abundant intracellular thiol antioxidant, protects RPE cells from oxidant‐induced apoptosis. Similar protection occurs with dietary enzyme inducers that increase GSH synthesis. In addition, enhancing survival signaling preserves RPE cells under oxidative stress. These results indicate that therapeutic or nutritional intervention to enhance the antioxidant capacity and survival signaling of RPE may provide an effective way to prevent or treat AMD. This review describes major molecular and cellular events leading to RPE death, and presents currently used and new experimental, forthcoming therapeutic strategies. Drug Dev Res 68:213–225, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Donepezil‐ or rivastigmine‐induced acetylcholinesterase inactivation is not modulated by neramexane in rat brain
Authors: Gupta Ramesh C. , Dekundy Andrzej 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn Alzheimer's disease (AD), the involvement of cholinergic deficit and overstimulation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors by excessively released glutamate has been proposed. Since no existing drug currently addresses both pathologies, a combination therapy may be used clinically to target both mechanisms. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the NMDA receptor antagonist, neramexane affects the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition produced by donepezil and rivastigmine, two drugs used in the treatment of AD, or a prototype organophosphate compound diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) in rat cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and brainstem. Neramexane, at therapeutically relevant or higher doses (3.1, 6.2, or 12.4 mg/kg, ip), did not produce any apparent behavioral toxicity. Donepezil (0.75 mg/kg, ip), rivastigmine (0.35 mg/kg, ip) or DFP (1.5 mg/kg, ip) were administered at doses that produced approximately 50% inhibition of AChE and were well tolerated. Also, neramexane in combination with either of the AChE inhibitors did not produce any behavioral toxicity. This magnitude of AChE inhibition has been shown to increase extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations to therapeutically relevant levels. Neramexane (12.4 mg/kg) did not inhibit AChE activity in any of the brain regions tested when evaluated over a 24‐h period. Rats receiving neramexane alone or in combination with an AChE inhibitor (donepezil, rivastigmine, or DFP) were sacrificed 60 min after neramexane or DFP, 15 min after donepezil, and 30 min after rivastigmine administration. The times at which drug (donepezil, rivastigmine, or DFP) effects were assessed were based on maximal AChE inhibition established from previously reported time course studies. The current findings indicate that neramexane alone did not affect AChE activity at any dose tested nor did it influence the AChE inhibition produced by donepezil or rivastigmine in any brain region examined. However, a low dose of neramexane (3.1 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the inhibition of AChE produced by DFP in the hippocampus, striatum and brainstem, while higher doses (6.2 or 12.4 mg/kg) attenuated DFP‐induced AChE inhibition in all four of the brain regions evaluated. These results suggest that AChE inhibition produced by donepezil or rivastigmine is not altered by the co‐administration of neramexane. Drug Dev Res 68:253–260, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidation of Spirocyclohexyl‐1,2,4‐trithiolane and Complexation Reaction with [Pt(η2‐nb)(PPh3)2]
Authors: Petzold Holm , Bräutigam Silvio , Görls Helmar , Weigand Wolfgang , Romanski Jaroslaw , Mloston Grzegorz 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOxidation of spirocylcohexyl‐1,2,4‐trithiolane 1 yielded the 4‐S‐ and 1‐S‐oxide, 2 and 3, respectively. The complexation reactions of 1–3 with [Pt(η2‐nb)(PPh3)2] (4; nb = norbornene) have been studied. The formed dithiolato, thioketone, thiolatosulfenato and sulfine complexes 5–8 have been isolated and characterized by 1H‐, 31P NMR and IR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed. The reaction proceeds by insertion of the Pt0 complex fragment into the sulfur–sulfur bond and subsequent ring contraction by extrusion of a thioketone or sulfine. Comparison of the molecular structures of the oxidized complexes 7 and 8 with the nonoxidized complex 5 shows elongation of the sulfenato–platinum bond and elongation of the platinum–phosphorus bond in the corresponding trans position. The product formed suggests that, in this system, formation of thiolato–platinum bonds is energetically favoured to sulfenato–platinum bonds. The structures of 5, 7 and 8 were established by X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Reservations inside clusters of all‐optical core nodes achieve distributed burst aggregation and switching improving efficiency and loss
Authors: Stavdas A. , Kanonakis K. , Koukouvakis G. , Leligou H. C. , Orphanoudakis Th. , Angelopoulos J. D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractClustering neighbouring nodes of an all‐optical core network into medium‐sized rings controlled by a master node allows two‐way reservation‐based control to aggregate bursts destined for other clusters in a lossless way with tolerable delay. The densely packed bursts can then be sent over static or switched light paths and be received in the destination cluster ring without the delay of end‐to‐end reservations. This hybrid approach where two‐way reservations are geographically limited inside clusters only avoids both the handicap of heavy loss of one‐way Optical Burst Switching (OBS) and the intolerable delay and multiplexing gain of end‐to‐end reservations. In addition, the number of multi‐port space‐switching all‐optical nodes is reduced delegating part of this function to the distributed control of the laser sources of the ring under the guidance of the medium access protocol. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TVD adaptive mesh redistribution scheme for the shallow‐water equations
Authors: Louaked M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis work presents a high‐resolution scheme combined with a moving mesh method for approximating the solution of shallow water system. The main difficulties in deriving stable and convergent numerical approximations can be due to solutions that vanish in nontrivial parts of domain such as dry states in water flows. In these situations, the coupling between characteristic fields gradually increases as water height is stepped down. The basic methodology in our method is to avoid characteristic decompositions in the spatial discretization. Moving dry regions within the computing domain are captured without the appearance of negative values. The high‐resolution properties of the scheme as well as its resistance to mesh orientation gives the great potential of the moving mesh methods for reducing computational costs without sacrificing the overall level of accuracy, which is demonstrated in a variety of hydraulic examples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implicit FEM‐FCT algorithms and discrete Newton methods for transient convection problems
Authors: Möller M. , Kuzmin D. , Kourounis D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new generalization of the flux‐corrected transport (FCT) methodology to implicit finite element discretizations is proposed. The underlying high‐order scheme is supposed to be unconditionally stable and produce time‐accurate solutions to evolutionary convection problems. Its nonoscillatory low‐order counterpart is constructed by means of mass lumping followed by elimination of negative off‐diagonal entries from the discrete transport operator. The raw antidiffusive fluxes, which represent the difference between the high‐ and low‐order schemes, are updated and limited within an outer fixed‐point iteration. The upper bound for the magnitude of each antidiffusive flux is evaluated using a single sweep of the multidimensional FCT limiter at the first outer iteration. This semi‐implicit limiting strategy makes it possible to enforce the positivity constraint in a very robust and efficient manner. Moreover, the computation of an intermediate low‐order solution can be avoided. The nonlinear algebraic systems are solved either by a standard defect correction scheme or by means of a discrete Newton approach, whereby the approximate Jacobian matrix is assembled edge by edge. Numerical examples are presented for two‐dimensional benchmark problems discretized by the standard Galerkin finite element method combined with the Crank–Nicolson time stepping. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quasi‐gasdynamic numerical algorithm for gas flow simulations
Authors: Elizarova T. G. , Khokhlov A. A. , Sheretov Yu. V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe quasi‐gasdynamic equation system and the numerical algorithm for non‐stationary viscous gasdynamic flow calculations are presented. The quasi‐gasdynamic equation system generalizes the Navier–Stokes equations and differs from it by the additional dissipative terms. The numerical examples are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymorphisms in nonhomologous end‐joining genes associated with breast cancer risk and chromosomal radiosensitivity
Authors: Willems Petra , Claes Kathleen , Baeyens Ans , Vandersickel Veerle , Werbrouck Joke , De Ruyck Kim , Poppe Bruce , Van den Broecke Rudy , Makar Amin , Marras Emanuela , Perletti Gianpaolo , Thierens Hubert , Vral Anne 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAs enhanced chromosomal radiosensitivity (CRS) results from non‐ or misrepaired double strand breaks (DSBs) and is a hallmark for breast cancer and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DSB repair genes, such as non homologous end‐joining (NHEJ) genes, could be involved in CRS and genetic predisposition to breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the association of five SNPs in three different NHEJ genes with breast cancer in a population‐based case‐control setting. The total patient population composed of a selected group of patients with a family history of the disease and an unselected group, consisting mainly of sporadic cases. SNP analysis showed that the c.2099‐2408G>A SNP (XRCC6) has a significant, positive odds ratio (OR) of 2.81 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–6.05) for the heterozygous (He) and homozygous variant (HV) genotypes in the selected patient group. For the c.‐1310 C>G SNP (XRCC5) a significant OR of 1.85 (95%CI: 1.01–3.41) was found for the He genotype in the unselected patient group. On the contrary, the HV genotype of c.1781G>T (XRCC5) displays a significant, negative OR of 0.43 (95%CI: 0.18–0.99) in the total patient population. The He+HV genotypes of the c.2099‐2408G>A SNP (XRCC6) also showed high and significant ORs in the group of “radiosensitive,” familial breast cancer patients. In conclusion, our results provide preliminary evidence that the variant allele of c.‐1310C>G (XRCC5) and c.2099‐2408G>A (XRCC6) are risk alleles for breast cancer as well as CRS. The HV genotype of c.1781G>T (XRCC5) on the contrary, seems to protect against breast cancer and ionizing radiation induced micronuclei. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are patients' attitudes towards and knowledge of electroconvulsive therapy transcultural? A multi‐national pilot study
Authors: Bustin Julian , Rapoport Mark J , Krishna Murali , Matusevich Daniel , Finkelsztein Carlos , Strejilevich Sergio , Anderson David 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective, yet controversial treatment. Most patients receiving ECT have depression and it is likely that the majority having this treatment are older adults. However, attitudes towards ECT and knowledge of ECT in this population have never been studied in relation to the patients' cultural background.ObjectiveTo compare the attitudes and knowledge of ECT among older adults depressed patients across three culturally different populations and to explore the relationship between culture, knowledge and attitudes.MethodsThe study was conducted in one centre in each country. A semi‐structured survey was used which included three sections: demographics characteristics, attitudes towards and knowledge of ECT.ResultsA total of 75 patients were recruited in this study: 30 patients from England; 30 patients from Argentina; and 15 patients from Canada. There was a significant difference in knowledge about ECT across the three countries. No significant difference was found in terms of attitudes. Knowledge was poor in all three countries. The most influential factor shaping subjects' attitudes and knowledge of ECT differed for the three countries. A weak correlation was found between knowledge of and attitudes towards ECT across all patients from the three different countries.ConclusionAttitudes towards ECT are a very complex phenomenon. We could not find evidence that a particular cultural background affects attitudes towards ECT. Generalising the results of our study is restricted by the fact that this was a pilot study that suffered from limitations including small sample size and number of settings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence of entorhinal and CA3 inputs onto pyramidal neurons and interneurons in hippocampal area CA1—An anatomical study in the rat
Authors: Kajiwara Riichi , Wouterlood Floris G. , Sah Anupam , Boekel Amber J. , Baks‐te Bulte Luciënne T.G. , Witter Menno P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe entorhinal cortex (EC) conveys information to hippocampal field CA1 either directly by way of projections from principal neurons in layer III, or indirectly by axons from layer II via the dentate gyrus, CA3, and Schaffer collaterals. These two pathways differentially influence activity in CA1, yet conclusive evidence is lacking whether and to what extent they converge onto single CA1 neurons. Presently we studied such convergence. Different neuroanatomical tracers injected into layer III of EC and into CA3, respectively, tagged simultaneously the direct entorhino‐hippocampal fibers and the indirect innervation of CA1 neurons by Schaffer collaterals. In slices of fixed brains we intracellularly filled CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons in stratum lacunosum‐moleculare (LM) and stratum radiatum (SR). Sections of these slices were scanned in a confocal laser scanning microscope. 3D‐reconstruction was used to determine whether boutons of the labeled input fibers were in contact with the intracellularly filled neurons. We analyzed 12 pyramidal neurons and 21 interneurons. Perforant path innervation to pyramidal neurons in our material was observed to be denser than that from CA3. All pyramidal neurons and 17 of the interneurons received contacts of both perforant pathway and Schaffer input on their dendrites and cell bodies. Four interneurons, which were completely embedded in LM, received only labeled perforant pathway input. Thus, we found convergence of both projection systems on single CA1 pyramidal and interneurons with dendrites that access the layers where perforant pathway fibers and Schaffer collaterals end. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toughening of Epoxy Resin by Methyl Methacrylate/2‐Ethylhexyl Acrylate Copolymers: The Effect of Copolymer Composition
Authors: Zaioncz Soraia , Silva Adriana A. , Sirqueira Alex S. , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMMA‐EHA copolymers with different compositions and with a low amount of AA were synthesized and used as impact modifier for epoxy networks. The effect of the copolymers on the tensile and dynamic mechanical properties as well as impact resistance of the epoxy network was evaluated. The addition of 10 phr of low‐molar‐mass MMA‐EHA copolymer with defined composition resulted in a significant increase in impact resistance without any significant changes in the tensile strength, modulus, and glass transition temperature. The morphology of the modified epoxy network depends upon the copolymer composition.magnified image
Social economic costs and health‐related quality of life in patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxia in Spain
Authors: López‐Bastida Julio , Perestelo‐Pérez Lilisbeth , Montón‐álvarez Fernando , Serrano‐Aguilar Pedro 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo determine the economic burden (direct and indirect costs), as well as health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) in Spain. A cross‐sectional study was carried out on 84 patients with SCA from the Spanish Ataxia Federation (FEDAES) during 2004. A retrospective assessment of the use of resources was obtained through questionnaires filled out by the patients or the patient's caregivers. The approach used was the cost‐of‐illness study based on a societal perspective. To assess HRQOL in patients with SCA, they were asked to fill out the EQ‐5D generic questionnaire. The mean annual cost per patient with SCA was €18,776. The most important categories of costs were informal care, early retirement (permanent disability), medications, and orthopaedic devises. The mean EQ‐5D index score was 0.48 (0.38 for high and 0.58 for low severity patients) and the mean EQ‐5D VAS score was 48 (43 for high and 52 for low severity patients). Considerations of the costs related to caregivers due to the patients' disabilities, as well as the high indirect costs resulting from permanent disabilities in patients with SCA, should become a priority for health authorities. Furthermore, the patients' quality of life, as determined by the EQ‐5D questionnaire, was very low and substantially influenced by the degree of severity of SCA. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Anticholinergic‐responsive gait freezing in a patient with pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Lyoo Chul Hyoung , Prokisch Holger , Meitinger Thomas , Lee Seung Yeob , Kim Do Hyoun , Lee Myung Sik 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 43‐year‐old male patient suddenly developed freezing of gait (FOG) when making a first step, turning, or passing through a narrow path. Dystonic plantar flexion of his left foot always accompanied with FOG. He could walk without FOG when stepping on visual cues. Brain magnetic resonance imaging study showed typical “eye of the tiger” sign in the globus pallidus. He had heterozygous mutations in the exons 3 and 4 in the PANK2 gene. His FOG dramatically responded to the anticholinergic treatment. We report the first instance of a patient with genetically confirmed pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration showing typical FOG that responded to anticholinergic treatment. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
A novel AF9 breakpoint in MLL‐AF9‐positive acute monoblastic leukemia
Authors: Alonso Cristina N. , Longo Patricia L. Rubio , Gallego Marta S. , Medina Adriana , Felice María S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMLL‐AF9 is the most frequent MLL rearrangement in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and it may be also found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of patients younger than 1‐year‐old (infants). We report a novel AF9 breakpoint site, located between previously reported sites A and B, detected in an infant who was diagnosed with AML‐FAB M5. The occurrence of this new breakpoint should be considered when designing RT‐PCR assays for the screening of MLL abnormalities. The precise characterization of the MLL‐AF9 transcript is important to carry out the minimal residual disease analysis during the follow‐up of the patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:869–871. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primhe: Primary Care Mental Health & Education
Authors: Randall Jason , Rankin Jennifer 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBenefits of mindfulness‐based stress reduction groups to primary care mental healthIn this article, Jason Randall provides a brief description of meditation, mindfulness, and the mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) group developed by Dr Jon Kabat‐Zinn. He discusses the benefits of this group to the primary care mental health team (PCMHT) as well as some of the obstacles to its implementation.Mental Health in the Mainstream: a new approach to mental healthHere, Jennifer Rankin, author of the Institute for Public Policy Research (ippr) report Mental Health in the Mainstream, outlines the main recommendations of the report and discusses the changes that are needed for these recommendations to be implemented. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Diagnosis and management of asthma in primary care
Authors: Corrigan Chris 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPerfect control of asthma is now a realistic aim in patients with mild to moderate disease, although there are many factors that may limit the success of treatment. Our Drug review considers the current stepwise approach to management, followed by sources of further information, an analysis of prescription data and the Datafile. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
QSAR of Antiproliferative Activity of N‐Substituted 2‐Amino‐5‐(2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles in Various Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Matysiak Joanna 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAntiproliferative activities in vitro against some human cancer cell lines of N‐substituted 2‐amino‐5‐(2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles were correlated with their structure‐dependent properties. Phase affinity: lipophilicity and phospholipophilicity were determined by Reversed‐Phase Overpressured Layer Chromatography (RP‐8 OPLC) and Immobilized Artificial Membrane (IAM) High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Electronic and steric descriptors were calculated by computational methods. The results indicate that phospholipophilicity and electronic properties expressed by partial charge of atoms of 2‐amino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole moiety are the main factors that influence the antiproliferative effects of studied compounds. The Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) equations obtained by the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis predict activity of compounds of high and average effects precisely and can be used in screening of new potential antiproliferative analogues of 2‐amino‐5‐(2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole set. At the same time, these dependences as well as Quantitative Activity–Activity Relationship (QAAR) equations point to some differences in the individual human cancer cell lines studied.
Sensitive, preclinical detection of prions in brain by nanospray liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Onisko Bruce C. , Silva Christopher J. , Dynin Irina , Erickson Melissa , Vensel William H. , Hnasko Robert , Requena Jesús R. , Carter John Mark 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMore sensitive detection of prions in brain is important because it would allow early detection of disease in young animals and assure a safer food supply. We have quantitated the amount of proteinase K‐resistant prion protein (PrP 27–30) by use of nano‐scale liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry using the multiple reaction monitoring mode of operation. We used a method based on the detection of VVEQMCTTQYQK (residues 209–220) obtained by reduction, alkylation and digestion with trypsin. Quantitation of the amount of PrP 27–30 in the brains of Syrian hamsters was possible as early as 24 h after inoculation. Our results show sensitive detection of 180 fmol of PrP 27–30 per g brain (wet weight) as early as 24 h after inoculation. Clinical symptoms are not observed until 9 weeks after inoculation. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.