bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity Diversity and Well-Being in Daily Life: Evidence for Heterogeneity Between Older Adults
Authors: Luo Minxia , Moulder Robert Glenn , Breitfelder Laura K , Röcke Christina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Although higher activity diversity is associated with higher well-being at the between-person level, it is unknown whether a day with higher activity diversity is related to higher well-being within persons. Within 24 hr per day, there are a limited number of activities on which individuals could spend their time and energy. Personal resources could influence the expenditure of energy and thus the experience with daily activities. This study examined daily associations between activity diversity and well-being and whether age and self-related health moderated the associations.

Methods
For seven times per day over 2 weeks, 129 retired older adults (Mage = 73.9 years, SDage = 5.6) reported their present activity engagement and positive and negative affect. Daily activity diversity was operationalized as the number of different activity types reported per day. Daily positive and negative affect were assessed as the average of a range of high- and low-arousal affective states. Self-rated health was assessed with an item from the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey at baseline.

Results
Multilevel models showed that daily activity diversity was unrelated, on average, to daily positive or negative affect at the between- and within-person levels. Daily activity diversity was associated with lower daily positive affect in participants with lower self-rated health, but the Johnson-Neyman regions of significance were outside of the range of observed data.

Discussion
Divergent patterns were observed in the within-person associations between activity diversity and well-being across participants. Results are discussed in the context of time use and well-being in older age.
Widowhood and mortality risk in Taiwan: a population-based matched cohort study
Authors: Wang Shi-Heng , Wu Huijing , Hsu Le-Yin , Lin Mei-Chen , Fan Chun-Chieh , Chen Pei-Chun , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Wu Chi-Shin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Studying the causes of death among deceased spouses and surviving partners may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of the association between widowhood and mortality. This study investigated the mortality risk of widowhood in Taiwan, examined the association of the cause of death between widowed individuals and their deceased spouses and explored potential modifying effects by age, gender and duration after widowhood.

Methods
This matched cohort study utilized Taiwan's National Health Insurance claims database and National Death Registry. In total, 204 010 widowed men and 596 136 widowed women were identified with a mean follow-up period of 6.9 and 7.9 years, respectively, and 816 040 comparison men and 2 384 544 comparison women were selected.

Results
Widowhood was associated with an increased mortality risk, with widowed men having a 1.32 increased risk and widowed women having a 1.27 increased risk. Age at spousal death and duration modified the associations after widowhood. The widowed individuals are more likely to die by the same cause as the deceased spouse if they died by suicide, accident, endocrine, gastrointestinal disorders or infection.

Conclusions
The study suggests that healthcare policies and interventions should be developed to improve widowed individuals' health and overall welfare.
Power data prediction method of new energy system based on wavelet transform and adaptive hybrid optimization
Authors: Xiong Shanxia , Zhang Fan , Zhou Zhi , Zeng Yadong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
New energy power generation is easily affected by climate, seasons, holidays and other factors, and has different fluctuation characteristics. Aiming at the problems of low prediction accuracy and weak generalization ability of power data with different characteristics, a new energy generation data prediction method based on wavelet transform and adaptive hybrid optimization is proposed. First, the power data is transformed by wavelets to obtain sequencing of different types of information. Then LSTM model and autoregressive moving average model are used to fit and predict different sequences. Finally, the prediction sequence is reconstructed to obtain the prediction result of the power data. This method takes the actual data of a power system as the data set, which not only has high prediction accuracy, but also has strong generalization ability.
Diagnosis and Risk Factors of Prediabetes and Diabetes in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Evaluation of Clinical and Microbiome Parameters
Authors: Bar Ziv Omer , Cahn Avivit , Jansen Tallulah , Istomin Valery , Kedem Eynat , Olshtain-Pops Karen , Israel Sarah , Oster Yonatan , Orenbuch-Harroch Efrat , Korem Maya , Strahilevitz Jacob , Levy Itzchak , Valdés-Mas Rafael , Ivanova Valeria , Elinav Eran , Shahar Eduardo , Elinav Hila 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is more common among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) compared with healthy individuals. In a prospective multicenter study (N = 248), we identified normoglycemic (48.7%), prediabetic (44.4%), and diabetic (6.9%) PLWH. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) sensitivity in defining dysglycemia was 96.8%, while addition of oral glucose tolerance test led to reclassification of only 4 patients. Inclusion of 93 additional PLWH with known DM enabled identification of multiple independent predictors of dysglycemia or diabetes: older age, higher body mass index, Ethiopian origin, HIV duration, lower integrase inhibitor exposure, and advanced disease at diagnosis. Shotgun metagenomic microbiome analysis revealed 4 species that were significantly expanded with hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia, and 2 species that were differentially more prevalent in prediabetic/diabetic PLWH. Collectively, we uncover multiple potential host and microbiome predictors of altered glycemic status in PLWH, while demonstrating that FBG and HbA1c likely suffice for diabetes screening. These potential diabetic predictors merit future prospective validation.
Colonial Redress and the Unintended Consequences of Global Opportunities
Authors: Kim Claudia Junghyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Research shows that the rise of political and discursive opportunities enabled by the diffusion of progressive global norms has empowered many aggrieved local actors. Drawing on colonial victims’ transnational redress movements, I add to this literature in two ways. First, rejecting the common association between global opportunities and local movement facilitation and success, I make a counterintuitive argument that the early availability of opportunities can inadvertently hamper a movement’s efficacy in achieving its goals in the long run. Second, contrary to the implicit assumption that large-scale, high-profile transnational movements should fare better than smaller, little-known ones, I demonstrate that the latter can sometimes achieve their goals more easily than the former. In making these arguments, I show that an increasing focus in the norm literature on backlash in target states against norm promotion risks neglecting the flip side of the same coin: Global normative support inadvertently undermining the efficacy of local causes it otherwise helps publicize. Empirically, I look at three Korean colonial victim groups and their divergent paths to transnational redress.
Integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance mediated by R263K plus E157Q in a patient with HIV infection treated with bictegravir/tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Buzon-Martin Luis , Navarro-San Francisco Carolina , Fernandez-Regueras María , Sanchez-Gomez Leticia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The in vivo selection of E157Q plus R263K has not been reported in patients treated with coformulated bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF). To the best of our knowledge, we hereby report the first case of high-grade INSTI resistance associated with the presence of these aminoacidic substitutions in a treatment-experienced HIV patient treated with BIC/FTC/TAF.

Methods
Clinical case report and review of the literature.

Results
A heavily treatment-experienced patient was switched to BIC/FTC/TAF due to drug–drug interactions after being diagnosed with disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare disease. He had been treated before with raltegravir with poor adherence. No mutations in the integrase gene were detected 1 year after finishing treatment with raltegravir. Months after being switched to BIC/FTC/TAF, and again with poor adherence documented, virological failure (VF) was detected. The polymorphic substitution E157Q and the resistance mutation R263K in the integrase gene were detected, as well as M184V, among other mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene. The patient is currently being treated with dolutegravir q12h plus boosted darunavir along with directly observed treatment, and for the first time in 20 years, plasmatic viral load values are below 100 copies/mL.

Conclusions
This case illustrates that the combination of E157Q and R263K plus M184V can be selected in vivo in a clinical scenario of poor adherence with BIC/FTC/TAF, although it is a very rare phenomenon. Previous VF with first-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) should be kept in mind when switching patients to second-generation INSTIs.
Characterizing sow feed intake during lactation to explain litter and subsequent farrowing performance
Authors: Estrada Jorge , Johnson Danielle C , Kyle Kelsey L , Perez Jeremy , Parr Eric , Welch Michael W , Neill Casey , Peterson Beau A , Boler Dustin D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Variation in feed intake results in nearly 20% of sows consuming less than the recommended lysine (Lys) intake for lactating sows. The Lys requirement for lactating sows is based on litter size and piglet average daily gain which influences milk production. Litter size continues to increase every year causing the need for routine reevaluation of nutrient requirements. If dietary inclusion levels are not continuously adjusted this can lead to inadequate daily Lys and energy intake and may negatively impact sow body condition and litter performance. The objective was to characterize the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of sows and define feed intake patterns and their effects on sow body weight, farrowing performance, litter performance, and subsequent farrowing performance. ADFI during lactation was recorded for 4,248 sows from 7 independent research studies. Data collection occurred from November 2021 through November 2023 at a commercial breed-to-wean facility in western Illinois. Each sow was categorized as: consistently low intake (&lt; 5.5 kg/d) throughout the lactation (LLL); low intakes (&lt; 5 kg/d) in the first week, then gradually increased throughout the rest of the lactation period (LHH); gradual increase in intake throughout lactation with no drop and a peak intake after day 10 of lactation (gradual); rapid increase in intake with no drop and the peak intake met before day 10 (rapid); a major drop in feed intake (&gt; 1.6 kg decrease for ≥ 2 d) any time during lactation (MAJOR); minor drop (≤ 1.6 kg for ≥ 2 d; MINOR). Sows were also separated into low (quartile 1; ≤ 25%), average (quartile 2 through 3), or high feed intake (quartile 4; ≥ 75%) by parity (P1, P2, P3+). Sows in the LLL category were younger in parity, had the greatest preweaned mortality, weaned the lightest average pigs, and experienced the greatest loss in body weight percentage compared with sows in all other feed intake categories. Furthermore, sows in the LLL and LHH categories had one fewer subsequent pig born compared with sows in the other four categories. These data support historical findings that feed intake patterns directly contribute to current litter farrowing performance. Lactation intake patterns also influence subsequent farrowing performance. Identifying under-consuming sows that are likely Lys and energy deficient allows producers opportunities to promote consistent, adequate daily intakes to these groups and mitigate negative impacts on sow and litter performance.
Comparisons of in-hospital fee and surgical outcomes between robot-assisted, laparoscopic, and open radical cystectomy: a Japanese nationwide study
Authors: Yokoyama Minato , Chen Wei , Waseda Yuma , Fujiwara Motohiro , Kato Daisuke , Shirakawa Takeshi , Shimizu Yohei , Nenohi Tsunehiro , Matsumoto Yuki , Okumura Taisuke , Urushibara Masayasu , Ai Masumi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fukagai Takashi , Eto Masatoshi , Fujii Yasuhisa , Ishizaka Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate in-hospital fees and surgical outcomes of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC), laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) and open radical cystectomy (ORC) using a Japanese nationwide database.

Methods
All data were obtained from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database between April 2020 and March 2022. Basic characteristics and perioperative indicators, including in-hospital fees, were compared among the RARC, LRC and ORC groups. Propensity score–matched comparisons were performed to assess the differences between RARC and ORC.

Results
During the study period, 2931, 1311 and 2435 cases of RARC, LRC and ORC were identified, respectively. The RARC group had the lowest in-hospital fee (median: 2.38 million yen), the shortest hospital stay (26 days) and the lowest blood transfusion rate (29.5%), as well as the lowest complication rate (20.9%), despite having the longest anesthesia time (569 min) among the three groups (all P &lt; 0.01). The outcomes of LRC were comparable with those of RARC, and the differences in these indicators between the RARC and ORC groups were greater than those between the RARC and LRC groups. In propensity score–matched comparisons between the RARC and ORC groups, the differences in the indicators remained significant (all P &lt; 0.01), with an ~50 000 yen difference in in-hospital fees.

Conclusions
RARC and LRC were considered to be more cost-effective surgeries than ORC due to their superior surgical outcomes and comparable surgical fees in Japan. The widespread adoption of RARC and LRC is expected to bring economic benefits to Japanese society.
The Dynamics of Disease: Toward a Processual Theory of Health
Authors: Nielsen Thor Hennelund 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The following article presents preliminary reflections on a processual theory of health and disease. It does this by steering the discussion more toward an ontology of organisms rather than conceptual analysis of the semantic content of the terms “health” and “disease.” In the first section, four meta-theoretical assumptions of the traditional debate are identified and alternative approaches to the problems are presented. Afterwards, the view that health and disease are constituted by a dynamic relation between demands imposed on an organism and individual presuppositions for adequate response is developed. In the last section, the paper takes stock of three possible objections to and clarifies some implications of this approach to the notions of health and disease.
Prediction of cognitive decline in older breast cancer survivors: the Thinking and Living with Cancer study
Authors: McDeed Arthur Patrick , Van Dyk Kathleen , Zhou Xingtao , Zhai Wanting , Ahles Tim A , Bethea Traci N , Carroll Judith E , Cohen Harvey Jay , Nakamura Zev M , Rentscher Kelly E , Saykin Andrew J , Small Brent J , Root James C , Jim Heather , Patel Sunita K , Mcdonald Brenna C , Mandelblatt Jeanne S , Ahn Jaeil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Cancer survivors commonly report cognitive declines after cancer therapy. Due to the complex etiology of cancer-related cognitive decline (CRCD), predicting who will be at risk of CRCD remains a clinical challenge. We developed a model to predict breast cancer survivors who would experience CRCD after systematic treatment.

Methods
We used the Thinking and Living with Cancer study, a large ongoing multisite prospective study of older breast cancer survivors with complete assessments pre-systemic therapy, 12 months and 24 months after initiation of systemic therapy. Cognition was measured using neuropsychological testing of attention, processing speed, and executive function (APE). CRCD was defined as a 0.25 SD (of observed changes from baseline to 12 months in matched controls) decline or greater in APE score from baseline to 12 months (transient) or persistent as a decline 0.25 SD or greater sustained to 24 months. We used machine learning approaches to predict CRCD using baseline demographics, tumor characteristics and treatment, genotypes, comorbidity, and self-reported physical, psychosocial, and cognitive function.

Results
Thirty-two percent of survivors had transient cognitive decline, and 41% of these women experienced persistent decline. Prediction of CRCD was good: yielding an area under the curve of 0.75 and 0.79 for transient and persistent decline, respectively. Variables most informative in predicting CRCD included apolipoprotein E4 positivity, tumor HER2 positivity, obesity, cardiovascular comorbidities, more prescription medications, and higher baseline APE score.

Conclusions
Our proof-of-concept tool demonstrates our prediction models are potentially useful to predict risk of CRCD. Future research is needed to validate this approach for predicting CRCD in routine practice settings.
The crystal structure of bacteriophage λ RexA provides novel insights into the DNA binding properties of Rex-like phage exclusion proteins
Authors: Adams Myfanwy C , Schiltz Carl J , Sun Jing , Hosford Christopher J , Johnson Virginia M , Pan Hao , Borbat Peter P , Freed Jack H , Thomason Lynn C , Court Carolyn , Court Donald L , Chappie Joshua S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
RexA and RexB function as an exclusion system that prevents bacteriophage T4rII mutants from growing on Escherichia coli λ phage lysogens. Recent data established that RexA is a non-specific DNA binding protein that can act independently of RexB to bias the λ bistable switch toward the lytic state, preventing conversion back to lysogeny. The molecular interactions underlying these activities are unknown, owing in part to a dearth of structural information. Here, we present the 2.05-Å crystal structure of the λ RexA dimer, which reveals a two-domain architecture with unexpected structural homology to the recombination-associated protein RdgC. Modelling suggests that our structure adopts a closed conformation and would require significant domain rearrangements to facilitate DNA binding. Mutagenesis coupled with electromobility shift assays, limited proteolysis, and double electron–electron spin resonance spectroscopy support a DNA-dependent conformational change. In vivo phenotypes of RexA mutants suggest that DNA binding is not a strict requirement for phage exclusion but may directly contribute to modulation of the bistable switch. We further demonstrate that RexA homologs from other temperate phages also dimerize and bind DNA in vitro. Collectively, these findings advance our mechanistic understanding of Rex functions and provide new evolutionary insights into different aspects of phage biology.
The RNA secondary structure of androgen receptor-FL and V7 transcripts reveals novel regulatory regions
Authors: Rouse Warren B , Tompkins Van S , O’Leary Collin A , Moss Walter N 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factor belonging to the steroid hormone nuclear receptor family. Due to its roles in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, AR is tightly regulated to maintain proper levels of itself and the many genes it controls. AR dysregulation is a driver of many human diseases including prostate cancer. Though this dysregulation often occurs at the RNA level, there are many unknowns surrounding post-transcriptional regulation of AR mRNA, particularly the role that RNA secondary structure plays. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of AR transcript secondary structure is needed. We address this through the computational and experimental analyses of two key isoforms, full length (AR-FL) and truncated (AR-V7). Here, a combination of in-cell RNA secondary structure probing experiments (targeted DMS-MaPseq) and computational predictions were used to characterize the static structural landscape and conformational dynamics of both isoforms. Additionally, in-cell assays were used to identify functionally relevant structures in the 5′ and 3′ UTRs of AR-FL. A notable example is a conserved stem loop structure in the 5′UTR of AR-FL that can bind to Poly(RC) Binding Protein 2 (PCBP2). Taken together, our results reveal novel features that regulate AR expression.
Ribosomal RNA modification enzymes stimulate large ribosome subunit assembly in E. coli
Authors: Ero Rya , Leppik Margus , Reier Kaspar , Liiv Aivar , Remme Jaanus 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ribosomal RNA modifications are introduced by specific enzymes during ribosome assembly in bacteria. Deletion of individual modification enzymes has a minor effect on bacterial growth, ribosome biogenesis, and translation, which has complicated the definition of the function of the enzymes and their products. We have constructed an Escherichia coli strain lacking 10 genes encoding enzymes that modify 23S rRNA around the peptidyl-transferase center. This strain exhibits severely compromised growth and ribosome assembly, especially at lower temperatures. Re-introduction of the individual modification enzymes allows for the definition of their functions. The results demonstrate that in addition to previously known RlmE, also RlmB, RlmKL, RlmN and RluC facilitate large ribosome subunit assembly. RlmB and RlmKL have functions in ribosome assembly independent of their modification activities. While the assembly stage specificity of rRNA modification enzymes is well established, this study demonstrates that there is a mutual interdependence between the rRNA modification process and large ribosome subunit assembly.