bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentary: Munro CL et al. (2006). Oral health status and development of ventilator‐associated pneumonia: a descriptive study
Authors: McFetridge Brian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground:  Ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and may be influenced by oral health.Objective:  To describe the relationship between VAP and oral health status, changes in oral health status during the first 7 days after intubation and microbial colonization of the oropharynx and trachea.Methods:  A total of 66 patients were enrolled within 24 h of intubation and were followed up for up to 7 days. Data on oral health measures and the clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) were collected at baseline, day 4 (n = 37) and day 7 (n = 21). A regression model was used to predict risk of pneumonia at day 4.Results:  Dental plaque and oral organisms increased over time. Correlations were significant for baseline and day 4 dental plaque (P < 0·001), baseline salivary lactoferrin and day 4 plaque (P = 0·01), and lower salivary volume and higher day 4 CPIS (P = 0·02). Potential pathogens were identified in oral cultures for six patients before or at the same time as the appearance of the organisms in tracheal aspirates. Correlations were significant with day 4 CPIS for score on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II (P = 0·007), day 4 salivary volume (P = 0·02), interaction of APACHE II score and day 1 CPIS (P < 0·001), and interaction of day 1 CPIS and plaque (P = 0·01).Conclusions:  Higher dental plaque scores confer greater risk for VAP, particularly for patients with greater severity of illness. Salivary volume and lactoferrin may affect the risk. Abstract reprinted from American Journal of Critical Care, volume 15, Munro CL et al., ‘Oral health status and development of ventilator‐associated pneumonia: a descriptive study.’, pages 453–460. © 2006, reproduced with permission from American Association of Critical Care Nurses.
Total Hip Replacement in an Alpaca Using a Cementless Implant
Authors: SCHULZ KARA L. , ROUSH JAMES K. , ANDERSON DAVID E. , HOOTS ERIC 
Published: January 2009

Objective— To report use of a cementless total hip prosthesis in an alpaca.Study Design— Case report.Animals— Alpaca (n=1) with chronic craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation.Methods— A 2.5‐year‐old Suri alpaca, 3 months pregnant, was admitted for evaluation of acute onset severe left hind limb lameness (grade 4/5) of 6 weeks duration. After diagnosis of craniodorsal luxation of the left femoral head, total hip replacement (THR) using a cementless implant was performed because of the poor prognosis for reduction of a chronic luxation.Results— A press‐fit prosthesis was used and the alpaca delivered a live cria 8 months later. Persistent mild mechanical lameness remained after surgery, with moderate reduction in mobility of the coxofemoral joint. The prosthesis was stable and correctly positioned at 7 weeks and at 9 months. There was mild exostosis surrounding the proximal aspect of the femur at 9 months, and Steinmann pins used to repair the trochanteric osteotomy were removed because of migration. At 1 year, the alpaca has a slight gait abnormality, remains with the herd on pasture and has been re‐bred.Conclusion— Chronic coxofemoral luxation in an alpaca can be managed by THR.Clinical Relevance— THR is a viable treatment option in alpacas with severe coxofemoral disease.
Biomechanical Comparison of Two Alternative Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Plates with the Original Standard in an Axially Loaded Gap Model: An In Vitro Study
Authors: KLOC PAUL A. , KOWALESKI MICHAEL P. , LITSKY ALAN S. , BROWN NANCY O. , JOHNSON KENNETH A. 
Published: January 2009

Objective— To compare the axial compression stiffness of osteotomized canine tibiae stabilized with Slocum, Securos, or Synthes plates after a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure.Study Design— In vitro, paired comparison of cadaveric tibial constructs subjected to mechanical testing under an axial load.Sample Population— Canine tibiae (n=16 pairs) from skeletally mature male and female dogs of various breeds (18–55 kg).Methods— Tibial pairs (n=16) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 study cohorts (n=8 pairs/cohort): cohort 1, tibial osteotomy stabilization with a Slocum or a Securos plate, or cohort 2, tibial osteotomy stabilization with a Slocum or a Synthes plate. One tibia from each pair was stabilized with 1 of each plate design assigned to the cohort after TPLO. A 3.2 mm osteotomy gap was maintained during plate application in all constructs. Load and axial displacement were recorded while constructs were loaded to 2000 N in axial compression. Failure loads were not reported because no distinct yield point or failure point was evident within the load range for many specimens. Failure modes were recorded for each construct, and photographs of typical failures were obtained. Stiffness (N/mm) was calculated from load–displacement curves. Paired comparisons of mean stiffness were performed within study groups using a paired t‐test. Significance was set at P<.05.Results— The mean construct stiffnesses for the Slocum (383±183 N/mm) and Securos (258±64.1 N/mm) constructs were not significantly different (P=.164; power=0.566). The mean construct stiffness for the Synthes constructs (486±91.0 N/mm) was significantly greater than that of the Slocum constructs (400±117 N/mm); P=.0468. Modes of failure for the Slocum (16/16) and Securos (8/8) constructs included plastic deformation of the implant with valgus deformity combined with fibular luxation (2/16 Slocum; 1/8 Securos) or fibular fracture (2/16 Slocum; 4/8 Securos). Most Synthes constructs underwent elastic deformation (7/8). One Synthes construct fractured in the saggital plane through the tibial plateau depression at the point of load application.Conclusions— The Slocum and Securos plate/tibia construct have similar stiffness, whereas the Synthes/tibia constructs are significantly stiffer than the Slocum/tibia constructs. Modes of fixation failure observed in this model were consistent with TPLO fixation failures observed clinically.Clinical relevance— Construct stiffness in axial load varies with implant type. Implants that confer higher stiffness to the construct may result in greater fixation stability in tibial metaphyseal osteotomies.
Hilar Liver Resection in Dogs
Authors: COVEY JENNIFER L. , DEGNER DANIEL A. , JACKSON ANDREW H. , HOFELING ANDREW D. , WALSHAW RICHARD 
Published: January 2009

Objective— To describe hepatic vasculobiliary anatomy important to hilar liver lobe resection in the dog.Study Design— Experimental study.Animals— Canine cadavers (n=7).Methods— The vasculobiliary system of 7 fresh canine livers was injected with a polymer. The parenchyma was dissected at the level of the hilus to determine the vascular and biliary supply to each liver lobe, and then macerated with a corrosion preparation. The information gathered was used to describe a surgical approach for hilar liver lobe resection.Results— Each liver lobe had a single hepatic artery and biliary duct. The location of these structures was consistent, although minor variations existed (dorsal versus ventral to the lobar portal vein) in the left lateral lobe and papillary process in 2 specimens. Most liver lobes (34/49) were supplied by 1 lobar portal vein and drained by 1 lobar hepatic vein (39/49). The location of the portal and hepatic veins was consistent among specimens.Conclusions— The left division is the most mobile of the liver lobes and each lobe can be removed separately or en bloc. Because of the location of the hepatic veins, the central division is best removed as a single unit. The right lateral lobe can be removed individually or together with the caudate process. The papillary process is removed by itself.Clinical Relevance— A hilar liver lobectomy technique can provide an alternative approach to conventional procedures for tumors that encroach upon the hilus of the liver.
Comparison of Alternate and Simultaneous Tensioning of Wires in a Single‐Ring Fixator Construct
Authors: RYAN STEWART , EHRHART NICOLE , ZUEHLSDORFF KELLY , JAMES SUSAN 
Published: January 2009

Objective— To measure and compare the strain of wires tensioned with alternate (ALT) and simultaneous (SIM) tensioning in a single‐ring fixator construct and compare the stiffness of these constructs under axial loading.Study Design— Experimental mechanical study.Sample Population— Twenty‐four, 84 mm diameter, single‐ring constructs.Methods— Twenty‐four, 84 mm diameter, single‐ring constructs were assembled using 2 1.6 mm wires placed at a 60° angle tensioned with either ALT or SIM technique to 90 kg tension. Voltage data from a strain gauge were recorded during the wire‐tensioning process, cyclic axial loading, and load‐to‐failure testing. Wire strains were calculated for each wire and compared within constructs and between ALT and SIM groups. Construct stiffness was compared between groups.Results— There was no difference between the tensioning methods in final wire strains after initial tensioning for both the wire below the ring (W1; P=.698) and the wire above the ring (W2; P=.233). There was also no difference in final wire strains within each tensioning method group (ALT, P=.289; SIM, P=.583). Loss of wire strain (3.5–5%) occurred after cyclic loading for both wires in both groups. There was no difference in construct stiffness between the ALT and SIM groups (P=.126). Mode of failure was by wire breakage in all constructs and occurred most frequently in W1.Conclusion— ALT tensioning of wires produced similar wire strains within a single‐ring construct after initial tensioning to SIM tensioned wires. There was no difference in construct stiffness under axial loading between AIM and SIM tensioned constructs.Clinical Relevance— ALT tensioning of wires in a single‐ring fixator construct can be used as an alternative to SIM tensioning, as similar initial wire tensions are achieved.
Revision of Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty with Cementless Components in Three Dogs
Authors: TORRES BRYAN T. , BUDSBERG STEVEN C. 
Published: January 2009

Objective— To report revision of cemented total hip arthroplasty failure with cementless components in 3 dogs.Study Design— Clinical case reports.Animals— Dogs with total hip arthroplasty failure (n=3).Methods— Cementless total hip arthroplasty revision was performed in 3 dogs with previously cemented femoral and acetabular components. All dogs required revision of the femoral component and 1 dog also required revision of the acetabular component.Results— Revisions resulted in a stable functional prosthesis with successful bone integration.Conclusions— Use of cementless components may be a viable option for revision of loosened cemented prosthesis after explantation of failed cemented canine total hip replacements.Clinical Relevance— Failed canine‐cemented total hip arthroplasties can be successfully revised with cementless components.
Successful Cementless Cup Reimplantation Using Cortical Bone Graft Augmentation after an Acetabular Fracture and Cup Displacement
Authors: TORRES BRYAN T. , CHAMBERS JONATHAN N. , BUDSBERG STEVEN C. 
Published: January 2009

Objective— To report repair of a periprosthetic acetabular fracture with concurrent component displacement after cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA).Study Design— Clinical case report.Animals— Dog (n=1) with an acetabular fracture after THA.Methods— Acetabular repair was performed on a highly comminuted periprosthetic acetabular fracture after cementless THA. A bulk, structural corticocancellous autograft from the ipsilateral ilial wing was used for repair and reconstruction of the dorsal acetabular wall before reimplantation of a cementless acetabular component.Results— Repair of a periprosthetic acetabular fracture with a bulk structural autograft was successful in reconstruction of the dorsal acetabular wall and in reestablishing a stable, functional cementless THA acetabular prosthesis.Conclusions— Structural corticocancellous autografts from the ilium can be successfully used in repair of periprosthetic acetabular fractures after THA.Clinical Relevance— Structural corticocancellous grafting from the ilium can be considered as a treatment option for repair of periprosthetic acetabular fractures after THA.
Placement of Brånemark implants in the maxillary tuber region: anatomical considerations, surgical technique and long‐term results
Authors: Ridell Arne , Gröndahl Kerstin , Sennerby Lars 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground: Fixture placement in the tuber area is one way to overcome the problem of insufficient bone volume for routine implant surgery in the posterior maxilla due to severe resorption of jawbone and an extensive enlargement of the maxillary sinus. However, little is known about the long‐term results.Purpose: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the survival rate and marginal bone conditions at fixtures placed in the tuber region of the maxilla.Material and methods: Twenty‐one patients previously treated with at least one implant in the tuber region of the maxilla were included in this retrospective analysis. A total of 23 standard Brånemark System fixtures with a turned surface had been surgically placed in the tuber regions and 71 additional implants in adjacent areas to support fixed dental bridges. All implants were allowed to heal for 6–8 months before abutment connection and following prosthetic treatment. The patients were radiographed after 1–12 years for evaluation of marginal bone levels. In addition, the relation between the apex of the fixture in the tuberosity area and the posterior border of the maxilla was measured.Results: Twenty of the 21 patients representing 22 tuber and 64 additional implants were radiographically evaluated. No implants in the tuber areas were lost during the follow‐up whereas two fixtures in the anterior region had to be removed, one before loading and the other after 4 years of loading not interfering with the prosthesis stability. The mean marginal bone level at tuber implants was situated on average 1.6 mm (SD 1.1, n=22) from the abutment‐fixture junction, whilst the other implants showed an average bone level of 1.9 mm (SD 0.8, n=64). The results were similar when comparing partially and totally edentulous patients.Conclusion: The present retrospective study shows good clinical outcome with standard Brånemark fixtures placed in the tuber region of the posterior maxilla using a two‐stage procedure. In appropriate cases where bone of adequate volume and density is available, our data indicate that the technique can be used as an alternative to more extensive surgery and especially to the sinus lift procedure. However, prospective comparative studies are needed in order to evaluate the efficacy of the described technique for this purpose.
CAD/CAM fabrication and clinical application of surgical template and bone model in oral implant surgery
Authors: Sohmura Taiji , Kusumoto Naoki , Otani Takafumi , Yamada Shinichi , Wakabayashi Kazumichi , Yatani Hirofumi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives: A novel implant surgery support system with computer simulation for implant insertion and fabrication of a surgical template that helps in drilling bone was developed. A virtual reality haptic device that gives the sense of touch was used for simulation and a surgical template was fabricated by CAD/CAM method. Surgical guides were applied for two clinical cases.Material and methods: Three‐dimensional (3D) jaw bone images transferred from DICOM data filmed by CT scanner were fed to the software and manipulated using the haptic device. The site for implant insertion was determined after evaluating the quality of bone and position of the mandibular canal. The surgical template was designed with ease using the free design CAD function of haptic device. The surgical template and bone model were fabricated by a fused deposit modeling machine. Two clinical cases were applied using the present system.Results: Simulation to determine the site of implant insertion and fabrication of the surgical bone templates were successfully done in two clinical cases, one for three implant insertion in lower right jaw and the other is for seven implant insertion in lower edentulous jaw, respectively. During surgery, the templates could be firmly adapted on the bone and drilling was successfully performed in both cases.Conclusion: The present simulation and drilling support using the surgical template may help to perform safe and accurate implant surgery.
Behavior of two osteoblast‐like cell lines cultured on machined or rough titanium surfaces
Authors: Shapira Lior , Halabi Amal 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground: Two osteosarcoma‐derived cell lines have been extensively used to investigate the biological events occurring on titanium surfaces: MG63 and Saos‐2. However, the behavior of the two lines on different titanium surfaces has never been compared.Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the behavior of MG63 and Saos‐2 cells on two different titanium surfaces, machined and rough (sandblasting and acid‐etched). We compared cell proliferation and morphology, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and secretion of osteocalcin (OC).Results: The most pronounced difference between the two cell lines was that ALP activity in the Saos‐2 cells was 10‐fold higher than in the MG63 cells. The proliferation rate of the MG63 cells was much higher than that of the Saos‐2 cells at all the tested cell concentrations. MG‐63 cells, but not Saos‐2 cells, grown on rough surface titanium proliferated more rapidly than cells grown on machined surfaces. Morphological analysis revealed that Saos‐2 cells and cells grown on the rougher surface, displayed a more mature phenotype. The level of OC secreted by the Saos‐2 cells, but not the MG63 cells, were higher on the rough surface than on the machined surface.Conclusions: This study shows that Saos‐2 cells exhibit a more mature osteoblast phenotype, compared with that of MG63 cells, rendering them a good candidate for an in vitro model of osseointegration.
Review article: Animal bites: An update for management with a focus on infections
Authors: Dendle Claire , Looke David 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAnimal bites are a significant public health problem, with an estimated 2% of the population bitten each year. The majority of bites are from dogs and risk factors include young children, men, certain dog breeds and unrestrained dogs. The risk of infection following bites differs among animal species and is dependent on animal dentition and oral flora. Recent studies have demonstrated a broad range of pathogens isolated from infected bite wounds, with Pasteurella species being the predominant isolate from dog and cat bite wounds. Controversy exists about the use of prophylactic antibiotics; however, they are currently only recommended for high‐risk bite wounds. Two fatal cases of Australian bat lyssavirus have been reported and bats are the only identified reservoir in Australia. All bat bites are of high risk and should receive post‐exposure prophylaxis for rabies. Workers handling bats should be offered routine immunization.
Comparative review of the clinical use of intranasal fentanyl versus morphine in a paediatric emergency department
Authors: Borland Meredith Louise , Clark Lisa‐Jayne , Esson Amanda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives:  Comparison of intranasal fentanyl (INF) and parenteral morphine in children in an ED. Primary objective was to compare time to analgesia from presentation, with secondary objectives to assess patient profiles, specifics of opiate analgesics used plus rate of i.v. access for analgesia alone.Setting:  Tertiary paediatric ED.Methods:  Retrospective review of case notes identified through controlled drug register. Patients who received INF and/or parenteral morphine between 1 January and 31 March 2005 (before introduction of fentanyl) and in corresponding months in 2006 and 2007 were included.Results:  A total of 617 patients were included. Geometric mean time to analgesia was statistically different for INF versus morphine in 2006 (31.2 min, SD 2.6 vs 55.6 min, SD 2.4) and in 2007 (23.7 min, SD 2.8 vs 53.1 min, SD 3.1) (both P < 0.000). Mean initial dose of INF in 2007 was 1.46 µg/kg (SD 0.11) compared with 1.32 µg/kg (SD 0.36) in 2006 [Correction made 22 May 2009 after publication: all 17 instances of fentanyl dosing and concentrations have been corrected from milligrams (mg) to micrograms (µg)]. Mean total dose in 2007 was 2.14 µg/kg (SD 0.93), increased from 1.60 µg/kg (SD 0.56) in 2006. INF was used most commonly for fractures and morphine for abdominal pain. The i.v. access for opiate analgesia decreased from 161/161 (100%) in 2005 to 99/237 (41.8%) in 2007.Conclusion:  Use of INF in our paediatric ED setting was associated with a significantly reduced time to analgesia for patients requiring immediate analgesia compared with parenteral morphine. Since the introduction of an INF protocol to our department in mid‐2005, INF use has increased, with a corresponding decrease in the use of morphine and a reduction in i.v. access for analgesia.
Hooker Corporation: A Case For Cashflow Reporting?
Authors: Flanagan Jack , Whittred Greg 
Published: January 2009

This study was prepared from public information as a basis for classroom discussion, rather than to illustrate effective handling or otherwise of an administrative situation. It was suggested by an earlier case analysis of the W.T. Grant bankruptcy in the US by James A. Largay HI and Clyde P. Stickney, which appeared in the Financial Analysts Journal (July/August 1980).In the 1988 annual report of Hooker Corporation, the chief financial officer's review of performance contained the following: “The confidence of major banks with regard to Hooker's strategy is reflected in the large increase in banking lines negotiated during the year, with a number of United States and Canadian banks joining the group as lenders.”
Establishing the Fair Value of Consideration Given In an Acquisition
Authors: LONERGAN WAYNE 
Published: January 2009

The impact of accounting standards on acquisitions has significant implications for the purchaser's reported financial position, reported profits and ability to pay dividendsreported profits and ability to pay dividends. Two major problems arise with respect to the bases used in assessing the fair value of offer consideration – the size of the control premium and the notional placement discount. These problems are exacerbated by the little‐noticed, but significant, change in measurement date (from offer date to acquisition date) in AASB 1015. Hence, further differences arise if the share price moves significantly between the offer date and the acquisition date. Current international accounting standards are being harmonised. However, they are inconsistent in their requirements as to whether takeover consideration should be assessed at acquisition date rather than offer date.