bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What the experts see: A qualitative analysis of the behaviors of master adaptive learners in emergency medicine
Authors: Hopson Laura R. , Branzetti Jeremy , Gisondi Michael A. , Regan Linda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe Master Adaptive Learner (MAL) model postulates that learners develop adaptive expertise through cycles of self‐regulated learning. Despite a robust theoretical basis, the actual observable behaviors of MALs are not well characterized. We sought to define behaviors that characterize MALs within emergency medicine (EM) training.MethodsUsing a constructivist grounded theory approach, we analyzed semistructured interviews with expert EM educators. These experts reflected on observable behaviors as well as factors in the clinical learning environment that may modulate these behaviors. We recruited using purposive sampling until thematic saturation.ResultsWe identified four overall themes, of which three described groups of learner behaviors and a fourth described modifiers of these behaviors. Learner behaviors include: (1) critical interrogation of practice, (2) intellectual risk‐taking, and (3) intentional curation of a learning network. Critical interrogation of practice encompasses several observable behaviors including learner‐driven feedback conversations, independent synthesis of clinical information, appropriate deviation from algorithms based on their conceptual understanding of core principles, intentional use of case variation and hypothetical questioning, and continuous refinement of decisions. MALs also engage in intellectual risk‐taking for their development by communicating clinical decision‐making processes even at the risk of being wrong, openly addressing errors and gaps, and intentionally seeking out uncomfortable experiences. Intentional curation of a learning network is the deliberate development of a consortium of trusted individuals who serve as mentors and sounding boards. We also identified a fourth theme related to the expression of learner behaviors: learning environment modulates behaviors. Active promotion of psychological safety is necessary for learners to express these behaviors. This safety is mediated through trusting relationships and expert supervisors who serve as colearners and role models.ConclusionsWe present several behaviors that allow identification of MALs among EM trainees. These data expand our understanding of MALs and the critical influence of the learning environment. Identification of these behaviors may allow for more precise categorization of targeted curricular interventions and meaningful learning outcomes.
Benzotriazolium Ylides‐Assisted Multicomponent Diastereoselective Synthesis of Activated Tetra‐ and Penta‐Substituted Cyclopropanes
Authors: Xia Yaolin , Zhang Qian , Lin Xinkui , Lin Shuizhen , Ma Xiaoyu , Xiao Xiaohui , Huang Xiaolei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA one‐pot three component reaction of benzotriazolium ylides, aldehydes or ketones, and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds has been developed for the synthesis of activated tetra‐ and penta‐substituted cyclopropanes. The transformation features high reactivity and diastereoselectivity, broad substrate scope, room temperature, and simple operation.
Surface Lattice Modulation Enables Stable Cycling of High‐Loading All‐solid‐state Batteries at High Voltages
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Shen , Lei Xin‐Cheng , Su Dong , Guo Si‐Jie , Zhu Jia‐Cheng , Wang Xue‐Feng , Zhang Xing , Wu Ting‐Ting , Lu Si‐Qi , Li Yu‐Tao , Cao An‐Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHalide solid electrolytes, known for their high ionic conductivity at room temperature and good oxidative stability, face notable challenges in all–solid–state Li–ion batteries (ASSBs), especially with unstable cathode/solid electrolyte (SE) interface and increasing interfacial resistance during cycling. In this work, we have developed an Al3+–doped, cation–disordered epitaxial nanolayer on the LiCoO2 surface by reacting it with an artificially constructed AlPO4 nanoshell; this lithium–deficient layer featuring a rock–salt–like phase effectively suppresses oxidative decomposition of Li3InCl6 electrolyte and stabilizes the cathode/SE interface at 4.5 V. The ASSBs with the halide electrolyte Li3InCl6 and a high–loading LiCoO2 cathode demonstrated high discharge capacity and long cycling life from 3 to 4.5 V. Our findings emphasize the importance of specialized cathode surface modification in preventing SE degradation and achieving stable cycling of halide–based ASSBs at high voltages.
Pt(II)/Pd(II)‐Based Metallosupramolecular Architectures as Light Harvesting Systems and their Applications
Authors: Bokotial Dikshit , Acharyya Koushik , Chowdhury Aniket , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of artificial light‐harvesting systems mimicking the natural photosynthesis method is an ever‐growing field of research. Numerous systems such as polymers, metal complexes, POFs, COFs, supramolecular frameworks etc. have been fabricated to accomplish more efficient energy transfer and storage. Among them, the supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) formed by non‐covalent metal‐ligand interaction, have shown the capacity to not only undergo single and multistep energy migration but also to utilize the harvested energy for a wide variety of applications such as photocatalysis, tunable emissive systems, encrypted anti‐counterfeiting materials, white light emitters etc. This review sheds light on the light‐harvesting behavior of both the 2D metallacycles and 3D metallacages where design ingenuity has been executed to afford energy harvesting by both donor ligands as well as metal acceptors.
MXene‐mediated Interfacial Growth of 2D‐2D Heterostructured Nanomaterials as Cathodes for Zn‐based Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Zhang Guangxun , Yang Hui , Zhou Huijie , Huang Tianyu , Yang YiFei , Zhu Guoyin , Zhang Yizhou , Pang Huan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a novel approach for synthesizing two‐dimensional (2D) MXene heterostructures featuring a sandwiched and cross‐linked network structure. This method addresses the common issue of activity degradation in 2D nanomaterials caused by inevitable aggregation. By utilizing the distinct surface characteristics of MXene, we successfully induced the growth of various 2D nanomaterials on MXene substrates. This strategy effectively mitigates self‐stacking defects and augments the exposure of surface areas. In particular, the obtained 2D‐2D MXene@NiCo‐layered double hydroxide (MH−NiCo) heterostructures exhibit enhanced structural stability, improved chemical reversibility, and heightened charge transfer efficiency, outperforming pure NiCo LDH. The aqueous MH−Ni4Co1//Zn@carbon cloth (MH−Ni4Co1//Zn@CC) battery demonstrates exceptional performance with a remarkable specific capacity of 0.61 mAh cm−2, maintaining 96.6 % capacitance after 2300 cycles. Additionally, it achieves an energy density of 1.047 mWh cm−2 and a power density of 32.899 mW cm−2. This research not only paves the way for new design paradigms in energy‐related nanomaterials but also offers invaluable insights for the application and optimization of 2D‐2D heterostructures in advanced electrochemical devices.
Developing thermally stable beverage emulsions using mildly fractionated pea proteins
Authors: Devaki Neksha Diwakar , Ghosh Supratim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOil‐in‐water emulsions are widely used as the base flavoring or clouding agents in various beverages. Pulse proteins can play a major role as a natural emulsifier in beverages. However, the presence of insoluble components greatly minimizes their potential application in beverage emulsions. In this work, pea protein concentrate was mildly fractionated by aqueous centrifugation to recover a soluble fraction with 71% protein yield, which was then used to develop 5% oil‐in‐water emulsions using a high‐pressure homogenizer. Emulsion stability was tested by heat treatment (90°C, 30 min) in the presence of NaCl (0–1 M) at pH 7.0 and 2.0. Stability increased upon the addition of salt at pH 7, while at pH 2, proteins and droplets aggregated. Heat treatment led to extensive aggregation at both pH values, which was further worsened by salt. To prevent thermal destabilization, the proteins were heat‐treated at 75°C for 30 min for partial denaturation before emulsification under hot conditions. The heat‐treated protein‐stabilized emulsions at pH 7 had superior thermal stability at all salt concentrations without aggregation. However, a similar improvement was not observed at pH 2. Pre‐heating the soluble protein exposed the hydrophobic patches, leading to better adsorption on the droplet surface, which did not show additional aggregation upon further heating the emulsions at pH 7. Interestingly, heat‐treated protein‐stabilized emulsions showed a 44% drop in lipid digestibility compared to the original emulsions. The proposed approach could be a valuable addition to the utilization of pea proteins in beverage emulsions that could withstand heat treatment during food processing.
Toughness enhancement of polylactide with low amounts of poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) through in situ reactive compatibilization
Authors: Li Lin , Li Tian‐xiang , Zhao De‐fang , Xie Yu‐hui , Feng Dong , Wu Feng , Xie Delong , Wang Chi , Liu Yuxin , Mei Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolylactide (PLA) was melt blended with low amounts of poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) using a simple reactive extrusion process herein, aiming to address the inherent brittleness of PLA without significantly compromising its stiffness. PLA/PBAT (90/10) blends with a small amount of peroxide (0.02 phr) and a second crosslinker agent triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) were produced to explore the structure‐performance relationship evolution in reactive extrusion. The results showed that the PLA blend with an appropriate amount of TAIC (i.e., 0.3 phr) exhibited a remarkable increase in elongation at break, reaching as high as 96%. The sample with high elongation also demonstrated a high stiffness, boasting a Young's modulus of 2.4 GPa and a yield strength of 43 MPa. It was evident that the combination of enhanced compatibility and optimized homogeneous PBAT phase size of approximately 0.6 μm worked synergistically to enhance the toughness of PLA. Conversely, higher TAIC contents resulted in over‐crosslinking, despite considerable improvements in compatibility. This study offers a versatile, scalable, and practical method to prepare fully biodegradable PLA blends with high toughness.
Kinetic migration of PBS and PBSA biopolymers prepared by cast film extrusion and biaxial stretching: A combined experimental and modeling approach
Authors: Jariyasakoolroj Piyawanee , Chongcharoenyanon Busarin , Wadaugsorn Kiattichai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe kinetic migration of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate) (PBSA) biopolymers, prepared by cast film extrusion (thin film) and biaxial stretching (biaxially oriented [BO] film) techniques, were investigated based on experimental and mathematical modeling. MATLAB coding was used to fit the migration data to a diffusion model. BO films significantly reduced the migration rate compared with thin films, with reductions of 29% and 41% for BO‐PBS and BO‐PBSA, respectively, due to the increased degree of molecular crystallinity. Higher ethanol content increased the quantity of substance diffusing from plastic film. PBS and PBSA are more suitable for packaging hydrophilic foods than alcoholic beverages. PBS exhibited a lower migration rate than PBSA due to its more rigid polymer matrix. Remarkably, BO‐films exhibited 31% and 41% lower diffusion coefficients (D) compared with thin films, but significantly higher partition coefficients (KP,F) by 44% and 267% for BO‐PBS and BO‐PBSA, respectively. This suggests a stronger affinity of migrant for BO film matrix. However, at 70°C, PBSA films may be hydrolyzed with a high ethanol, resulting in an inadequate diffusion model. The diffusion–reaction concept should be implemented for a better fit. These findings provide valuable insights for selecting appropriate packaging materials and predicting migration under diverse conditions, ultimately promoting consumer safety.
Rational design and synthesis of 2,4‐dichloro‐6‐methyl pyrimidine derivatives as potential selective EGFRT790M/L858R inhibitors for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Duan Lei , Chu Cilong , Huang Xiaoling , Yao Huizhi , Wen Jie , Chen Rui , Wang Caolin , Tu Yuanbiao , Lv Qiaoli , Pan Qingshan , Xu Shan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) initially benefit from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapy. Unfortunately, varying degrees of resistance or side effects eventually develop. Overcoming and preventing the resistance and side effects of EGFR inhibitors has become a hot topic of research today. Based on the previous studies on AZD‐9291, we designed and synthesized two series of 2,4‐dichloro‐6‐methylpyrimidine derivatives, 19 compounds in total, as potential inhibitors of the EGFR kinase. The most promising compound, L‐18, showed better inhibitory activity (81.9%) and selectivity against EGFRT790M/L858R kinase. In addition, L‐18 showed strong antiproliferative activity against H1975 cells with an IC50 value of 0.65 ± 0.06 μM and no toxicity to normal cells (LO‐2). L‐18 was able to dose‐dependently induce the apoptosis of H1975 cells and produced a cell‐cycle‐blocking effect, and it can also dose‐dependently inhibit the migration and invasion of H1975 cells. L‐18 also showed in vivo anticancer efficacy in H1975 cells xenograft mice. We also performed a series of in vivo and in vitro toxicological evaluations of compound L‐18, which did not cause obvious injury in mice during administration. These results suggest that L‐18 may be a promising drug candidate that warrants further investigation.
Spin period evolution of Vela pulsar based on the wind emission: Application to the long period radio pulsars GPM J1839‐10 (P = 21 min) and GLEAM‐X J1627 (P = 18 min)
Authors: Sun Yi‐Hong , Wang De‐Hua , Zhang Cheng‐Min , Cui Xiang‐Han , Zhang Jian‐Wei , Yu Jing , Zhou Yun‐Gang , You Zi‐Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Vela pulsar is a young neutron star with spin period of P = 89 ms and a measured low braking index (˜1.4) that is much less than the standard value of 3 predicted by the magnetic dipole radiation (MDR) model; however, its spin period evolution has been a mystery. In this article, we assume that the spin‐down of the Vela pulsar is attributed to both MDR and wind flow (hereafter MDRW), and find that the ratio of wind flow to the magnetic dipole radiation is about 80%, which is higher than that of the Crab pulsar (25%). In other words, the spin‐down torque of the Vela pulsar is dominated by the wind flow. The spin period (P) evolution of the Vela pulsar depends on its real age, where its supernova remnant age is assumed to be an indicator of its true age, estimated from 10 to 20 kyr, and then we obtain their initial spin periods of ˜53.89 and ˜20.90 ms, respectively, which are consistent with the observed initial spin period ranges of young pulsars. Furthermore, we find that the Vela‐like pulsar by MDRW can evolve to the long spin period of a thousand of seconds in less than million years, which can conveniently help the astronomers understand the recently observed ultra‐long period radio pulsars like GPM J1839‐10 (P = 21 min), GLEAM‐X J1627 (P = 18 min), as well as PSR J0901+4046 (P = 76 s).
Use of an inexpensive carbon source for the production of a cellulase enzyme complex from Penicillium ucsense S1M29 and enzymatic hydrolysis optimization
Authors: da Silva Lima Deise Juliana , Couto Rafaela , Souza Juçara Cristina Pereira , Camassola Marli , Fontana Roselei C. , Dillon Aldo José , da Cruz Pradella José Geraldo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe high cost of cellulolytic enzyme complexes (CECs) has been a significant impediment to the commercial production of bioproducts from lignocellulose biomass. This study aimed to develop a cost‐effective CEC derived from Penicillium ucsense (former Penicillium echinulatum), utilizing diverse forms of pretreated sugarcane bagasse as the primary carbon/inductor source. Among the different pretreatments used, the hydrothermal pretreatment followed by NaOH delignification (BHD) produced higher FPase and xylanase activities (4.5 FPU mL–1 and 120 IU mL–1) in bioreactor experiments at 20 g BHD L–1 initial concentration. A batch‐mode assay conducted across a range of initial carbon source (5 to 60 g L–1) confirmed the highest FPase activity (4.0 to 5.0 FPU mL–1 at 120 h), in the range of 20–40 g BHD L–1. During these assays the agitation rate, controlled by dissolved O2, tended to stabilize at lower levels, indicating substrate limitation. Conversely, higher initial carbon source concentrations led to an excess of glucose, likely triggering carbon catabolite repression and inhibiting cellulase production. This insight prompted the development of a controlled pulsed fed‐batch strategy, resulting in FPase activity of 11 FPU mL–1 at 220 h using 90 g L–1 BHD controlled fed into the bioreactor. An enzymatic hydrolysis procedure using the generated CEC was also optimized using a central composite rotational design (CCRD). The optimized enzyme hydrolysis conditions achieved a reducing sugar concentration of 80.9 g L–1 in 48 h using 170 g L–1 of BHD as the substrate at a ratio of 15 FPU of enzyme substrate per g of BHD. A preliminary economic assessment demonstrated that, for a first‐ and second‐generation (1G + 2G) ethanol biorefinery, the cost contribution of enzymes would be about US$0.2/L of biofuel. In conclusion, an efficient and highly productive procedure was developed successfully for the production of a CEC. It was particularly effective for the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated sugarcane bagasse.
Delayed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diagnosis with subtle cardiac manifestations: Was anchoring bias contributory?
Authors: Cherin Neyha , Patel Shivani , Jukic Michelle 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. Throughout medical training, it is taught that the most recognizable clinical presentation involves both motor and bulbar changes. Given the complexity of the diagnosis however, it is no surprise that there is significant multisystem involvement secondary to the autonomic dysfunction associated with the disease. The clinical cognitive biases that exist due to prior educational training and patient provided chief complaint can mislead clinicians and prevent a holistic, inclusive approach toward each patient encounter. This can delay diagnosis and increase unnecessary healthcare spending. In a disease with such a poor prognosis, this effect can be catastrophic, resulting in unacceptable medical, functional, and psychosocial outcomes. As clinicians, it is imperative to acknowledge these cognitive biases through introspection, which can improve clinical outcomes and ultimately patient quality of life for those facing this devastating disease. We report a case of a 55‐year‐old female who presented with a chief complaint of palpitations and minimal slurred speech on multiple encounters, subsequently leading to a focused cardiovascular workup. It was not until after several hospital encounters that a thorough functional and neuromuscular exam was performed, which ultimately helped to broaden the differential and lead to the diagnosis of ALS. Unfortunately, due to this delayed diagnosis, the patient's functionality was beyond repair. Given the underlying cognitive biases that are present in all clinicians, we hypothesize this patient's sex, presenting symptom, and primary chief complaint misled clinicians to perform limited history and physical examinations, therefore, leading to a narrowed differential. If diagnosed in a timely fashion, vital services such as rehabilitation could have provided this patient with the necessary medical, functional, and psychosocial support to face this devastating disease.
Metal Oxides Derived from Perovskite or Spinel for the Selective Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: A Mini–Review
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Xin Huiyue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMixed metal oxides with perovskite ABO3 or spinel AB2O4 structure can provide uniformly and highly dispersed metal oxides, which can be adopted as catalyst supports, as catalysts directly or as catalysts after reduction. When they are used as catalyst supports, the spatial isolation of A‐site ions with B‐site ions not only makes these ions highly dispersed, but also enhances the intimate contact with the active components supported on them, leading to electron transfer or synergistic effect to promote the catalytic ability. After reduction, highly dispersed A/B nanoparticles supported on BOx/AOx can be achieved for the relevant applications. Herein, recent developments in the liquid–phase selective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, with metal oxides derived from perovskite or spinel as supports or catalyst precursors, were summarized.
Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine at a Novel Poly(2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzaldehyde) Film Modified Electrode
Authors: Elugoke Saheed E. , Fayemi Omolola E. , Adekunle Abolanle S. , Adesanya Funmilola A. , Ebenso Eno E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel electrodeposition of poly(2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzaldehyde) on bare glassy carbon electrode for dopamine detection was reported. 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzaldehyde and the electrodeposited poly(2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzaldehyde) were characterized using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The bare electrode modified with the optimum amount of 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzaldehyde (PTGCE) was used for dopamine electroanalysis. The linear dynamic range and the limit of detection of DA at PTGCE were 0.70‐19.48 μM and 19.48–53.30 μM, and 0.64 μM, respectively. The modified electrode showed outstanding discriminatory dopamine detection in the presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid due to a dopamine‐uric acid and a dopamine‐ascorbic acid peak‐to‐peak separation of 160 mV and 200 mV, respectively. The proposed sensor showed considerable reproducibility of dopamine current response and excellent % dopamine recovery of 99.70 % from the real sample solution.
On the Preparation and Spectroelectrochemical Characterization of Certain 2,5‐Bis(het)aryl Substituted Thiophenes
Authors: Dmitrieva Evgenia , Barche Jens , Popov Alexey A. , Hartmann Horst 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, a series of novel 2,5‐bis(het)aryl and 2,5‐bis‐thienyl substituted thiophenes have been synthesized and characterized by ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared (UV‐Vis‐NIR) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. From the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)/UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroelectrochemical data, information about the optical and magnetic properties of the charged species of these compounds have been provided. The spin distributions in the electrochemically generated radical ions were estimated experimentally and compared with theoretical data.