bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language, Suffering, and the Question of Immanence: Toward a Respectful Phenomenological Psychopathology
Authors: Sells Dave , Staeheli Martha , Davidson Larry , Stayner David 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper explores the status of language and suffering in recovery from psychosis from a transcendentally-informed phenomenological perspective. We suggest that each of these concepts can apply both to the illness itself and to the person with the illness. The relationship between the two will be one focus of this discussion. The other focus will be on the various ways in which phenomenological approaches to psychopathology have understood the nature of this relationship; a relationship characterized by different meanings of the term "immanence." Drawing inspiration from a Borges poem and from Husserl's debate with Heidegger over the content of his "Phenomenology" article for the Encyclopedia Britannica, we argue that it is misleading, as well as unhelpful, to continue to focus on deficits and dysfunction while ignoring the person's hopes, strengths, assets, and agency. As long as there remains no cure for psychosis, we conclude that it is more effective to promote recovery among people with psychosis than to remain focused on reducing, minimizing, or eliminating their disorder.
The Problem of Comparing Different Cultural or Theoretical Frameworks: Davidson, Rorty, and the Nature of Truth
Authors: Barris Jeremy 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn comparing very different cultural, theoretical, or methodological standpoints, the nature of truth itself becomes a problem. If the standpoints have different conceptions of truth, a comparative approach that respects both involves the contradiction of conflicting legitimate claims to truth. But if we reject this contradiction, we eliminate the possibility that standpoints can have legitimately different conceptions of truth. And with that we reject the sense of a genuine comparison in this respect, rather than a reading of one framework in the light of the other. Davidson and Rorty have mounted especially powerful arguments against the very sense of this kind of contradiction between frameworks, and so against the sense of a comparative approach in this respect. Through a detailed discussion of their work, this paper argues that the contradictory conception of truth is the right one. It also argues that this contradiction is manageable. As a result, a properly comparative framework is both possible and necessary, even where the nature of truth itself is concerned. In particular, this conception makes room for ideas of truth as both absolute and relative, and also (contradictorily but with due respect for many of the cultural and theoretical frameworks available for comparison) for non-contradictory conceptions of truth.
Urban Networks, Deregulated Religious Markets, Cultural Continuity and the Diffusion of the Isis Cult
Authors: Wortham Robert A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn an empirical study on the diffusion of the Isis cult throughout 44 major cities of the Greco-Roman world, Hegedus concludes that the expansion of the Isis cult was linked to an urban location's proximity to Alexandria and Rome. In a similar study, Stark concludes that the diffusion of the Isis cult and Christianity were intertwined. These claims are evaluated in a new study that accesses the impact of city size, distance from Rome, religious pluralism and cultural continuity on the diffusion of the Isis cult throughout 22 major cities of the Roman Empire. Updated data on the diffusion of the Isis cult are utilized and the data are subjected to rank-order correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. Findings indicate that the diffusion of the Isis cult and Christianity was somewhat contemporaneous and that a deregulated Roman religious marketplace provided an opportunity for new religious movements to satisfy an unmet demand for religious products.
Die Erinnerungsfigur des Exodus als literarisches Mittel einer zeitgeschichtlichen jüdischen Geschichtsschreibung
Authors: Schneider Ulrike 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe Jewish authors Robert Neumann (1897-1975) and Soma Morgenstern (1890-1976), both forced to leave Austria during the Nazi period, have dealt with the subject of Exodus in their writing. Their novels ,,By the Waters of Babylon" (published 1939 in London, 1954 in Munich/Vienna) and ,,The Third Pillar" (published 1955 in the United States, 1964 in Munich/Vienna) attempt to come to terms with the experience of exile and the Shoah. The reception of texts from the Bible and the composition of language are specific characteristics of both novels.
,,Ein Vorhof zum Paradies". Das Czernowitz-Bild in der deutsch-jüdischen Literatur
Authors: Ludewig Anna-Dorothea 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe present research on Czernowitz focuses mostly on the 20th century and on the works and memoirs of Holocaust survivors. But Czernowitz was at its cultural and economical height at the end of the 19th century, and it was during that time that the myth of the ,,ideal city" was established. This essay stresses the importance of that time period for understanding the ,,Czernowitz myth," and it analyzes the relationship between the ,,real" place Czernowitz and the literary topos of a ,,sunken city" (Rose Ausländer).
Negotiating in a Coordination Network of Citizen Peacebuilding Initiatives in the Georgian-Abkhaz Peace Process
Authors: Nan Susan Allen , Garb Paula 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis article analyzes a set of negotiations within a coordination network. These negotiations surrounded the establishment and development of a coordination network of citizen peacebuilding initiatives focused on the Georgian-Abkhaz peace process. The authors reflect on six years of action research working with both local and international organizations and individuals working on citizen peacebuilding initiatives in the Georgian-Abkhaz peace process. Tracing the negotiations from 1999 through 2005, the article first highlights the context in which the coordination network developed to fill a need for joint strategizing amongst peacebuilders working in the region. In this context the locally recognized organic need for coordination drove the development of the network through an elicitive process. The analysis details early negotiations about establishment of the coordination network, which focused on building a culture of coordination by establishing norms of coordination. Subsequent negotiations within revised network structures, and outcomes of the coordination negotiations are then presented. Key factors that enhanced the coordination network are identified: inclusivity and transparency; in-person meetings; absence of a formal organizational structure; autonomy of each organization; focus on integrative agreements; and a culture of coordination. The case highlights the possibilities for long-term peacebuilding work based on relationships of trust and a culture of coordination.
Stepping Out of the Tracks: Cooperation Between Official Diplomats and Private Facilitators
Authors: Strimling Andrea 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIntermediary cooperation – encompassing various levels of communication, coordination, and collaboration – is necessary to realize the inherent complementarity of many official and private intermediary efforts. Effective negotiation between the intermediaries is necessary to achieve such cooperation. Official and private intermediaries must be willing to "come to the table" and, once there, they must be able to negotiate effectively. The article builds on existing research on complementarity and cooperation by focusing explicitly on the communication and relationships between intermediaries and applying negotiation theory to analyze opportunities for and barriers to cooperation.
Coordination Between Track Two and Track One Diplomacy in Successful Cases of Prenegotiation
Authors: Fisher Ronald 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn important form of coordination between track one and track two diplomacy revolves around unofficial problem-solving workshops at the level of politically influential individuals that make contributions to the process and outcomes of official negotiations. These contributions typically occur during the prenegotiation phase through the opening up of communication, the improvement of attitudes, the analysis of conflict issues and dynamics, the development of frameworks, the creation of options directed toward resolution, and so on. In order for these effects to be maximally beneficial, coordination between unofficial and official interventions is essential. This study describes connections between track two and track one peacemakers through a comparative analysis of four successful instances where workshops made important prenegotiation and paranegotiation contributions to the official peace processes. The analysis finds that such coordination was limited mainly to information sharing and indirect sequencing of efforts, and that in only one case did it involve the more engaging activities of joint strategy planning and collaboration in implementation. The article concludes that there are inherent limitations to coordination between track one and track two, given their unique and independent roles, but that both domains are evidencing more acceptance and respect for the other, which augurs well for the field of conflict resolution in terms of coordination toward greater effectiveness.
Coordination in Conflict Prevention, Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding
Authors: Nan Susan Allen , Strimling Andrea 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis issue of International Negotiation focuses on coordination in conflict resolution. It includes nine articles that discuss theoretical concerns and practical insights about coordination among organizations involved in various aspects of conflict prevention, conflict resolution and peacebuilding, highlighting the utility of applying negotiation theory to the analysis of their relationships, interactions, and cooperative processes. This article presents a thematic overview of the articles and concludes by outlining areas for further development of theory and practice.
Mechanisms Involved in Skeletal Anabolic Therapies
Authors: MARTIN T.J. , QUINN J.M.W. , GILLESPIE M.T. , NG K.W. , KARSDAL M.A. , SIMS N.A. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract:  Since parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the only proven anabolic therapy for bone, it becomes the benchmark by which new treatments will be evaluated. The anabolic effect of PTH is dependent upon intermittent administration, but when an elevated PTH level is maintained even for a few hours it initiates processes leading to new osteoclast formation, and the consequent resorption overrides the effects of activating genes that direct bone formation. Identification of PTH‐related protein (PTHrP) production by cells early in the osteoblast lineage, and its action through the PTH1R upon more mature osteoblastic cells, together with the observation that PTHrP± mice are osteoporotic, all raise the possibility that PTHrP is a crucial paracrine regulator of bone formation. The finding that concurrent treatment with bisphosphonates impairs the anabolic response to PTH, adds to other clues that osteoclast activity is necessary to complement the direct effect that PTH has in promoting differentiation of committed osteoblast precursors. This might involve the generation of a coupling factor from osteoclasts that are transiently activated by receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) in response to PTH. New approaches to anabolic therapies may come from the discovery that an activating mutation in the LRP5 gene is responsible for an inherited high bone mass syndrome, and the fact that this can be recapitulated in transgenic mice, whereas inactivating mutations result in severe bone loss. This has focused attention on the Wnt/frizzled/β‐catenin pathway as being important in bone formation, and proof of the concept has been obtained in experimental models.
Coordination Behavior of O2 and CO in a Solid Film Consisting of Hemoglobin and Maltose
Authors: Chung Joo Eun , Sakai Hiromi , Takeoka Shinji , Nishide Hiroyuki , Tsuchida Eishun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Solid hemoglobin (Hb) films were prepared by casting from a mixed solution of human hemoglobin and maltose (wt ratio of Hb/maltose is 60/40). The behavior of O2 and CO in coordinating to Hb in the films was then observed. The coordination equilibrium constants of both ligands were smaller by about an order of magnitude, and the rate constants (kon and koff) were smaller by about 13 orders of magnitude, than those of aqueous solutions of Hb. Interestingly, O2 and CO saturation was limited to 52% and 86%, respectively, under a partial pressure of 760 Torr (1 Torr = 133.322 Pa) of each gas, in spite of the one-to-one ligand binding ratio in aqueous solutions. This is due to the restraint of the structural change from a tense to a relaxed state in the solid phase. The limited saturation of the coordination in the solid phase was found to increase to 100% when a small amount (5.9%) of water was added; a significant structural change from the tense to the relaxed states followed.
Kinetics of the Peptide Formation Catalyzed by Thermolysin in a Homogeneous Aqueous–Organic System
Authors: Kunugi Shigeru , Suzuki Noriko , Sakamoto Akira , Yoshida Masumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of an organic solvent on the thermolysin-catalyzed peptide condensation reaction from acylamino acid and amino acid amide was investigated. Profiles of the apparent equilibrium yield were roughly divided into three regions: precipitation-driven (mostly low to medium organic-solvent concentration), clear and homogeneous (middle to rather high concentration), and inactivated conditions (very high (&gt;80%) concentration).
In the second, homogeneous region (70%(v/v) DMSO), the kinetics of the condensation reaction were followed by taking into account the simultaneous, solvent-induced gradual inactivation of the enzyme. The dependence on the carboxyl component concentration gave apparent K′m and k′cat parameters for Cbz–Phe and Cbz–Trp; we found that even at 70% DMSO, thermolysin had similar rate parameters and activity to those in 10% DMSO [Wayne and Fruton, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 80, 3241 (1983)]. The amine-component concentration dependence showed distinct substrate-inhibition profiles for both LeuNH2 and PheNH2.
Cyclic Fixed-Bed Operations over K2CO3-on-Carbon for the Recovery of Carbon Dioxide under Moist Conditions
Authors: Hirano Shinichi , Shigemoto Naoya , Yamada Shinichi , Hayashi Hiromu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A modified chemical-absorption method capable of cyclic fixed-bed operations under moist conditions for the recovery of carbon dioxide from flue gases has been proposed employing K2CO3-on-carbon. Deliquescent potassium carbonate was favorably supported on activated carbon as well as on bound carbon dioxide in the presence of water vapor by the following reaction:

After breakthrough, the entrapped carbon dioxide was released by the decomposition of hydrogencarbonate at a higher temperature above 150 °C to shift the reaction in reverse by steam, which could be condensed by cooling to afford high-purity carbon dioxide. An effective use of the pore space as microtanks for aqueous potassium carbonate was verified with XRD evidence under a very humid condition of 7.3% H2O, as anticipated. The amount of CO2 uptake was very small under a dry condition, but increased abruptly in the presence of moisture. Potassium carbonate on carbon was crystalline 2K2CO3·3H2O, even when in contact with moisture of 1.7% H2O; this revealed that it is not necessary for K2CO3 to be in the aqueous phase. Illustrative cyclic fixed-bed operations for the recovery of carbon dioxide under a condition close to the actual flue gas of 13.8% CO2 with 10% H2O at 100 °C under atmospheric pressure were demonstrated up to 10 cycles.
Effect of an Oxygen-Binding Reaction at the Cobalt Porphyrin Site Fixed in a Polymer Membrane on Facilitated Oxygen Transport
Authors: Suzuki Takayuki , Soejima Yuji , Nishide Hiroyuki , Tsuchida Eishun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxygen transport was facilitated in polymer membranes bonded with new derivatives of [meso-α,α,α,α-tetrakis(o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrinato]cobalt (CoPs). The oxygen-binding reactivity of fixed CoPs strongly influenced the facilitated oxygen transport. CoP having a larger cavity structure showed a more rapid reactivity and achieved a higher oxygen permeability in the membrane. There existed correlations of the oxygen-binding and -dissociation rate constants with the diffusion constant of oxygen via CoPs fixed in the membrane.
Chemical Preparation of Polyaniline and Its Derivatives by Using Cerium(IV) Sulfate. Novel Preparation of Polyxylidines
Authors: Toshima Naoki , Yan Hu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polyaniline and its derivatives were prepared by using the cerium(IV) sulfate as an oxidant instead of the conventional ammonium peroxodisulfate. The reaction conditions were optimized with emphasis on the conductivity and yield. The reaction of 3,5- and 2,3-dimethylaniline using cerium(IV) sulfate gave the corresponding polymers, respectively, although no polymeric products were obtained from these aniline derivatives using ammonium peroxodisulfate as an oxidant. The polyaniline and its derivatives were characteristic of the Emeraldine structure on the basis of the IR spectra. A partially belt-like morphology of the polyaniline, when prepared in an acidic medium, was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The polymerization mechanism by cerium(IV) ions is discussed on the basis of the change in the UV-vis spectra during the reaction.
Factors Determining the Adiabatic or the Diabatic Pathway of the Photoisomerization of Unsaturated Bonds
Authors: Tokumaru Katsumi , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ethylenes substituted with aromatic nuclei of low triplet excitation energies undergo cis → trans one-way isomerization in an adiabatic way in the triplet state with a quantum chain process. A new general concept is introduced to cover various types of isomerization in the triplet state: the conventional two-way mutual diabatic isomerization, the newly found one-way isomerization, and inefficient isomerization. This is extended to describe the isomerization in the singlet excited state which occurs in either a diabatic or an adiabatic pathway.
The Investigation of Conductivity of Liquid NdCl3–LiCl–KCl System by Mixture Design
Authors: Yifeng Zhang , Dianpeng Sui , Xuebing Huang , Shulan Wang 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Scheffe’ simplex centroid design and alternating electric bridge method have been used to design an experiment and to measure the conductivity of the rare earth molten salt system NdCl3–LiCl–KCl. The results are presented in the form of a regression equation between composition and conductivity, as well as in the form of an isogram of conductivity for the ternary system.
Ionic Fragmentation of CF3Cl Photoexcited in the Cl L-Shell, C K-Shell, and F K-Shell Transition Regions
Authors: Suzuki Isao H , Saito Norio , Bozek John D 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fragment ions produced from CF3Cl have been measured in the soft X-ray region using monochromatized synchrotron radiation and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The yield ratios for ion production were determined from the TOF spectra over the energy range of 44 through 1200 eV, and the partial yield spectra for the individual ions were observed around the Cl L2,3-edges, the C K-edge, and the F K-edge. The atomic chlorine ion, Cl+, has the greatest intensity between 100 and 700 eV, and exhibits a steep increase at the Cl L2,3-edges. The yield ratios of F+ and C+ decrease sharply at the Cl L2,3-edges and greatly increase at the C K-edge and F K-edge. Some fragment ions, e. g. CF+, have distinctive yield changes upon excitation of the inner-shell electron to unoccupied molecular orbitals.
Characterization of Charge Transfer and Charge Transport in Polypyrrole Film Electrodes
Authors: Komura Teruhisa , Usui Takahiro , Takahasi Kousin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The a.c. response of polypyrrole film electrodes in 0.2 M KNO3 was investigated at different applied potentials and film thicknesses. The results of impedance analysis on the basis of the Randles equivalent circuit indicated that the electron exchange between a metal and the polymer controlled the rate of charge-transfer process at the film electrode. Accordingly, the oxidation of the polymer proceeds from the back of the film to its surface. The resistance due to electric migration in the film strongly depended on the concentration of the supporting electrolyte; this dependence suggests that the migration is ionic. This effect may be due to a change in the solvent swelling of the polymer. The oxidation of the polymer brought about each decrease in the charge-transfer resistance at a metal–polymer interface and the limiting resistance associated with the diffusion of charge carriers. The low-frequency pseudocapacitance of the polymer increased with increasing oxidation level and film thickness, which was expected from a finite diffusion model.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Nanogram Amounts of Tin after Extraction from Iodide Media
Authors: Nalini Swaminathan , Balasubramanian Natesan , Ramakrishna Tiruvesaloor V 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of tin is described. Tin was selectively extracted as SnI4 into benzene and stripped into water. The stripping was treated with bromine water and the resulting iodate was treated with iodide to liberate iodine. The iodine was extracted into benzene and equilibrated with iodate in the presence of excess chloride and acid to produce ICl2− which was reextracted into benzene as ionpair with rhodamine 6G. Measurement of the benzene extract at 535 nm permitted the determination of tin when present in the concentration range 4—200 ng. The molar absorption coefficient was found to be 1.54 × 106 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 and the color system is stable for 1 h. The relative standard deviation for ten determinations of 100 ng of tin was found to be 2.1%. The efficiency of the reaction sequence was found to be 96.2%. The method was found useful for the precise determination of tin in steel and alloy samples.
Orientation Effect of Side Chain Substituents in Aromatic Substitution. Induced Ortho Nitration
Authors: Strazzolini Paolo , Verardo Giancarlo , Gorassini Fausto , Giumanini Angelo G 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The presence of a free carboxyl or ester function on the α-carbon of toluene induces the nitration of the phenyl ring in the ortho position at or above the statistical value (chaperon effect), when pure HNO3 is used in CH2Cl2 solution. This is at variance with the results of classical nitration in H2SO4, where p-nitration predominates by far and m-nitration occurs at a remarkable extent. The new finding is explained in terms of precomplex formation.