bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonsimultaneous bilateral radical neck dissection
Authors: Baffi Raul , Razack Mohamed S. , Sako Kumao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom January 1963 to December 1977, 63 patients underwent a therapeutic second (staged) neck dissection at our institute. The mean interval between the first neck dissection and the second neck dissection was 13.2 months; 58.7% of the second neck dissections were performed between 6 and 12 months after the first. Forty‐six patients had histologically positive and 17 patients had histologically negative nodes in the first neck clearance; 57 patients had histologically positive and 6 patients had histologically negative nodes in the second neck clearance. Forty‐two of the 63 patients had bilateral nodal disease, while 2 patients had no disease in either side of the neck. Fifty‐four percent of the patients had postoperative complications; 30% developed immediate postoperative edema, and 14% had wound infection. The overall three‐year and five‐year survival rates were 60% and 38%, respectively. Patients who had bilateral histologically positive nodes had a 16% five‐year survival rate, while those who had histologically positive nodes in one side of the neck only had a 26% five‐year survival rate.
The assessment and enhancement of skin flap viability
Authors: Donegan J. Oliver 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne of the most difficult tasks facing the reconstructive surgeon is the successful transfer of skin flaps. Despite recent dramatic advances in the application of skin flaps and despite the skill and experience of the surgeon, flaps still fail. This review discusses the methods regarded as most accurate in assessing skin flap viability, and the techniques used to augment flap survival.
The pathology of head and neck tumors: Squamous and mucous‐gland carcinomas of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and larynx, part 6
Authors: Batsakis John G. , Rice Dale H. , Solomon Alvin R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarcinomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are statistically dominated by squamous‐cell lesions, which account for between 85% and 90% of the epithelial malignancies in these sites. Neoplasms of glandular derivation are far less frequent, accounting for between 4% and 8% of carcinomas in this region. Both classes of malignancy, however, indicate an ominous prognosis for their hosts, and for both, it is the extent of the cancer, and hence the clinical stage, that is the major determinant. The clinicopathologic characteristics of squamous‐cell and glandular carcinomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are presented, and for the latter, a review of their presentation in the larynx is also offered.
Squamous‐cell carcinoma of Stensen's duct
Authors: Vigorita Vincent J. , Huvos Andrew G. , Gerold Frank 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of epidermoid carcinoma of Stensen's duct, the major duct of the parotid gland, is reported. The literature on this rare tumor is reviewed including four previously reported cases. In the current case, both the gross appearance of the tumor confined to the duct and the lack of histologic involvement of adjacent parotid tissue establish that the carcinoma arose from the duct itself, presumably following development of squamous metaplasia. The patient was alive without evidence of disease 12 months following surgery.
Squamous‐cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth
Authors: Crissman John D. , Gluckman Jack , Whiteley Joseph , Quenelle David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong the histologic parameters described by Jakobsson, only the stage (depth) of invasion appears to be of value in predicting lymph node metastases. Early carcinomas of the FOM examined in our institution (T1 and some T2) grew in a superficial or horizontal manner and none developed metastases or local recurrence. Larger neoplasms (some T2 and all T3 and T4) had extensive submucosal and deep soft tissue infiltration and a corresponding high frequency of regional lymph node metastases. T1 and T2 neoplasms with only superficial or microinvasion of the submucosa have little or no propensity for lymph node metastases, while T2 cancers with nodular or vertical infiltration into the submucosa have a substantial frequency of metastatic disease (44%). If the biopsy sites are carefully selected, these growth patterns can be identified by the pathologist. In addition, our experience is that clinical assessment of cervical lymph nodes for the presence of metastatic disease is often erroneous. Rates of 56% false positives and 24% false negatives were observed, which were similar to rates reported in other series. Biopsy evaluation of the extent and growth pattern of the primary neoplasm is as important as physical examination in determining the type of surgery to be done and whether lymph node dissection should be performed.
Elective neck irradiation in squamous‐cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Million Rodney R. , Cassisi Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred fifty‐nine patients with squamous‐cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, and supraglottic larynx, and with clinically negative neck (Stage NO) were reviewed to determine the value of elective neck irradiation (ENI). The primary cancer was controlled in 125 patients; in these patients the neck failure rate was 1.9% with ENI and 18% without ENI. Recurrence in the neck in cases where the primary cancer was controlled was associated with an increased risk of death due to cancer. The primary cancer was not controlled in 34 patients; in these patients the neck failure rate was 25% with ENI and 67% without ENI. Ten of 11 patients in whom treatment failed both at the primary site and in the neck died of cancer despite attempts at surgical salvage. ENI may be associated with an increased risk of local failure in oral tongue lesions as a result of a decreased proportion of treatment given with interstitial therapy.
A bloodless technique for tongue surgery
Authors: Weitz J. , Hodgson W. J. B. , Loscalzo L. J. , McElhinney A. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA System) has been used at our institution in the resection of carcinoma of the tongue in 10 patients. This device is an ultrasonically powered aspirator that selectively fragments and aspirates tissue within a 1‐ to 2‐mm radius of its tip. The technique used in our unit in tongue surgery was to incise the tough mucosal capsule of the tongue with electrocautery, and then to divide muscle and skeletonize blood vessels using the CUSA System. Smaller vessels, up to 2 mm in size, were cauterized directly by the friction created at the tip of the instrument. In this way, excellent control was available at all times and blood loss was consequently minimal. As our experience in the use of the CUSA System increased, blood loss was virtually eliminated, anatomic landmarks were more easily defined, and at no stage did any tongue necrosis occur in any of the patients of the series.
Radiographic staging of juvenile angiofibroma
Authors: Sessions Roy B. , Bryan R. Nick , Naclerio Robert M. , Alford Bobby R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA staging system for juvenile angiofibroma based on computerized tomographic findings is suggested. The need for such an endeavor has come about because of a lack of standardization of tumor data in both individual series and interinstitutional reports. The various stages reflect the number of anatomic sites occupied by a lesion rather than the actual tumor size. The “simpler” tumors are confined to the medial part of the skull base and are entirely extracranial. As a tumor extends laterally and/or intracranially, the staging designation, and therefore the treatment plan, changes accordingly. Presumably, with the application of consistent diagnostic tools and standardized stage designations, the analysis of both morbidity and treatment data will become more meaningful.
The management of parotid neoplasms
Authors: Krause Charles J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn recent years, the management of parotid gland neoplasms has changed considerably, to include a more aggressive surgical approach and multimodality therapy. An organized approach to surgical management and the rationale for postoperative irradiation for selected tumors are presented. A review of several studies supporting the efficacy of postoperative irradiation is included. The principles of palliative management of adenoidcystic carcinoma are unlike those for most other malignancies, and include repeated use of limited procedures to control local and regional disease over extended periods of time, and delayed treatment of distant disease until the patient becomes symptomatic.
Pi meson radiotherapy for advanced head and neck neoplasms: Preliminary results
Authors: Khan Kutub M. , Bush Steven , Herzon Fred , Kligerman Morton M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnder the auspices of the University of New Mexico Cancer Research and Treatment Center, trials are under way at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility to evaluate the effects of pi meson irradiation on locally advanced human tumors. This paper summarizes the preliminary results in patients with locally advanced head and neck tumors treated under Phase I and Phase II studies. A total of 26 patients were treated between June 1977 and May 1979 with a minimum follow‐up of 9 months and a maximum follow‐up of 33 months. Sites of disease included the oropharynx in 10 cases (base of tongue in 7, tonsil in 2, and pharyngoepiglottic fold in 1), the supraglottic larynx in 4, the nasopharynx in 5, the oral cavity in 4, the hypopharynx in 2, and the sublingual salivary gland in 1. Twelve of the 26 patients are alive, and 10 survive with no evidence of disease. Doses employed ranged from a minimum of 1,000 peak pion rad in 7 fractions over 9 days to a maximum of 5,400 peak pion rad in 51 fractions over 89 days. The minimum dose employed for any patients treated with peak pions alone was 3,000 rad. These data are analyzed according to dose, site, histology, tumor response, local control, and survival. Results from these cases form the basis of the Phase III randomized trials for advanced squamous‐cell carcinomas of the head and neck, which are currently in progress.
Massive necrotizing infections of the neck
Authors: Krespi Yosef P. , Lawson William , Blaugrund Stanley M. , Biller Hugh F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNecrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck is a rare condition with only 7 cases recorded in the literature. Two cases are presented in which there was massive necrosis of the soft tissues of the neck with extension into the mediastinum. The offending organisms were a mixed bacterial flora which produced gangrene accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema. Both patients were successfully treated with a regimen of intravenous antibiotics, fasciotomy, radical debridement, and hyperbaric oxygenation (1 case). The clinical features, bacteriology, and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis are reviewed.
Recent advances in neuro‐otology
Authors: Brackmann Derald E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour advances in the field of neuro‐otology are described: (1) auditory brain‐stem response audiometry, (2) electroneuronography, (3) the cochlear implant, and (4) the infratemporal fossa approach to the skull base. Auditory brain‐stem response audiometry is an accurate method for the early detection of hearing impairment and early diagnosis of acoustic neurinomas. Electroneuronography accurately assesses the degree of injury to the facial nerve, thereby improving management of facial nerve lesions. The cochlear implant restores the sensation of sound to totally deaf patients. The infratemporal fossa approach is used to treat extensive lesions of the skull base.
Intraarterial infusion chemotherapy for head and neck cancer using a totally implantable infusion pump
Authors: Baker Shan R. , Wheeler Richard H. , Ensminger William D. , Niederhuber John E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntraarterial infusion chemotherapy has not been widely accepted for the treatment of head and neck cancer due to the high rate of complications it involves. To avoid these complications, a totally implantable infusion pump has been developed to achieve continuous low‐level drug delivery for long periods of time. The pump is implanted in a subcutaneous pocket and connected to a permanent, indwelling, arterial catheter. It can be repeatedly refilled with chemotherapeutic agents by hypodermic needle injection through the skin and through a self‐sealing septum located at the entry to the pump. Refilling the pump recharges an inexhaustible power source for the next delivery cycle. Preliminary results suggest that long term intraarterial infusion chemotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer is practical for outpatients.
Framework invasion by laryngeal carcinomas
Authors: Pittam M. R. , Carter R. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe accuracy of standard clinical and radiologic methods in detecting invasion of the laryngeal framework or the presence of a transglottic tumor was examined by comparing clinical and pathologic findings in a series of 50 randomly selected laryngectomies for squamous carcinoma. Forty‐two of the patients had received radiation therapy as primary treatment. The presence of pain referred to the ear immediately before laryngectomy indicated invasion of the laryngeal framework or spread into the extralaryngeal soft tissues in 11 of 12 patients. Transglottic tumors were correctly identified in 10 of 14 patients from laryngeal tomograms, but seven additional tumors were incorrectly designated as transglottic. Both transglottic tumors and infraglottic extension were seriously underdiagnosed by direct laryngoscopy. Framework invasion was seen to be a feature of transglottic tumors 2 cm or more in diameter. The morphology of this process is described. Limited follow‐up has already shown a pattern of early recurrence, frequently as cervical node metastases, that is significantly more common in patients with framework invasion.
New concepts in lower lip reconstruction
Authors: Meyer Rodolphe , Failat Abdul S. Abul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree new methods for reconstructing the lower lip after partial or total resection are described. An advancement flap is used to reconstruct partial defects. It can be combined with a reverse Abbé‐Estlander flap for repair of total loss of the lower lip. A new technique also is presented that allows single‐stage reconstruction after total resection of the lower lip.
Approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors of the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Bass Richard M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumors of the parapharyngeal space appear as painless masses bulging into the tonsillar, nasopharyngeal, or retromandibular area. Most are benign and represent a wide range of tumor growth, from parotid extension to intrinsic growth of nerves, blood vessels, and salivary gland tissues within or around the parapharyngeal area. The anatomy of this area and diagnostic procedures are discussed. Sinus films, tomograms of the skull base and lateral pharyngeal area, CT scans with simultaneous parotid sialograms, and angiograms are part of the evaluation of these rarely seen tumors. The approach to therapy is discussed.
Temporal bone anatomy: Comparison of computed tomography and complex motion tomography
Authors: Shaffer Katherine A. , Littleton Jesse T. , Durizch Mary Lou , Callahan William P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpecially reconstructed 1.5‐mm thick CT scans and complex motion tomograms of the temporal bones were compared with anatomic sections of the same bones. Computed tomography demonstrated sloping bone surfaces and soft tissues better than tomography, whereas standard complex motion tomography produced a slightly thinner section with better spatial resolution. The advantages of computed tomography will probably make it the preferred radiologic study for many abnormalities of the temporal bone.
Voice change surgery in the transsexual
Authors: Donald Paul J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSexual reassignment surgery for individuals with gender identity confusion has been highly successful, especially in the male‐to‐female transformation. A troublesome problem for some of these individuals is the retention of their male voice. Although castration and estrogen therapy may produce minor elevations of pitch and the assumption of a falsetto voice produces a more typical but contrived female tone, the basic male anatomic structure of the larynx must be altered to effect a physiological transformation. In three transsexuals, an attempt was made to effect a more female tonal quality by shortening the vibrating length of the vocal folds. Through a laryngofissure, the anterior one third of each cord was denuded and the raw edges approximated. This produced an anterior web that successfully resulted in pitch elevation in all three cases.
Intratumoral BCG therapy of transplanted head and neck tumors in strain 2 guinea pigs
Authors: Bier Jurgen , Bier Henning , Kleinschuster Steve , Rapp Herb 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe generally unfavorable prognosis associated with advanced squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region in humans led us to immunotherapeutic experiments with bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) in inbred guinea pigs with solid growing and lymphogenous metastasizing tumors. The injection of live BCG or BCG cell wall preparation (CWP) into the planum buccale in the guinea pig led to a pronounced local inflammatory reaction. If live BCG or BCG CWP were injected into the planum buccale together with line 10 tumor cells, no growth of the tumor could be observed. Animals treated in this manner developed a tumor‐specific immunity. Guinea pigs treated intratumorally with live BCG or BCG CWP in established, 6‐day‐old tumors of the planum buccale showed regression of the primary tumor and prevention of the development of lymph node metastases. These cured animals also developed a tumor‐specific immunity. Guinea pigs with 6‐day‐old tumors of the planum buccale remained tumor free after surgical removal of the primary tumor and the draining submandibular and cervical lymph nodes (radical operation) whereas locally operated animals (primary tumor excision) developed lymph node metastases. Animals that were tumor free after radical surgery did not develop tumor‐specific immunity. Despite insufficiently clarified mechanisms for the induction and effect of BCG immunotherapy, we can state that, with intratumoral BCG therapy, a tumor experimentally placed in the head and neck region is eliminated, regionally manifest metastases are eliminated, and specific tumor immunity can be demonstrated in successfully treated animals.
Recent advances in surgery of the larynx and trachea
Authors: Sessions Donald G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent advances in surgery of the larynx and trachea have occurred in the general areas of diagnosis, pretreatment nutritional therapy, surgical technique, and reconstruction. In diagnosis the routine use of the flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope in the office and the use of computerized tomography have been valuable. The addition of enteral and parenteral nutrition therapy in selected patients with laryngeal cancer has been an advance. In the area of surgical technique, section of the recurrent nerve for the treatment of abductor laryngeal spastic dysphonia has proved successful. In the area of reconstruction the use of the epiglottic flap for repair of the larynx after near‐total laryngectomy for glottic cancer and the use of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for one‐stage pharyngoesophageal reconstruction have been significant advances. An increase in the number of patients with chronic lung disease has created a new interest in tracheal fenestration.
Ectopic parathyroid tissue in the hypopharyngeal mucosa (pyriform sinus)
Authors: Joseph Michael P. , Nadol Joseph B. , Pilch Ben Z. , Goodman Max L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEctopic thyroid tissue was discovered in the mucosa of the pyriform sinus as an incidental finding in two patients who underwent laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma. Reports of ectopic parathyroid tissue in the neck are summarized, and the relevance for the endocrine surgeon is discussed.
Mechanisms of hypercalcemia in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Angel Michael F. , Stewart Andrew , Pensak Myles L. , Pillsbury Harold R. C. , Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHypercalcemia associated with head and neck malignancy is not an uncommon occurrence; its causes are multiple. Eight hypercalcemic patients with head and neck malignancy were studied. Serum calcium, serum phosphorus, tubular phosphorus threshold, fasting calcium excretion, plasma 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D, nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone were measured. Excessive dietary calcium administration in the form of an oral hyperalimentation preparation appeared to be the cause of hypercalcemia in 2 patients. Six patients demonstrated humorally mediated hypercalcemia. These patients resembled patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in having elevated nephrogenous cyclic AMP excretion and reduced proximal tubular phosphorus reabsorption, but they differed from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism by having normal levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, MA rkedly increased fasting calcium excretion, and strikingly reduced mean plasma levels of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D. These data strongly suggest that the humoral factor responsible for hypercalcemia in patients with head and neck cancer is not parathyroid hormone, and that patients with hyperparathyroidism can now be distinguished with confidence from those with malignancy‐associated hypercalcemia.
The thyroglossal cyst
Authors: Allard Remy H. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe thyroglossal cyst is the most common nonodontogenic cyst in the neck. This cyst may also occur in the lingual or submental areas, though more rarely. Malignant changes have been described. Clinically, no differentiation between a benign cyst and a malignancy can be made. The literature is reviewed regarding the embryology, epidemiology, etiology, symptomatology, radiology, histology, and treatment of this cyst and its malignant counterpart.
Traumatic aneurysm of the proximal superficial temporal artery
Authors: Myer Charles M. , Donegan J. Oliver 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTraumatic aneurysms of the external carotid artery and its branches are uncommon. A case of a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the proximal portion of the superficial temporal artery is presented. In addition, a general review of this problem is provided, including the etiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management.
Melanoma of the head and neck in queensland
Authors: Harris Trevor J. , Hinckley Del M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of melanoma in Queensland, 40 cases per 100,000 population, is the highest in the world. In this series of 740 melanomas over a 7‐year period at the Royal Brisbane Hospital, 21.75% occurred on the head and neck. Of these, 46.5% arose in Hutchinson's melanotic freckle and 54.8% were histologically superficial, that is, Clark Levels I and II or less than 0.76 mm in thickness, or both. As local recurrence and distant metastasis is infrequent in superficial melanoma, less radical surgical excision of these lesions is advocated than for thicker lesions or those exhibiting a greater depth of invasion, where aggressive excision and even regional node dissection may be required. Anatomical variations in areas such as the nose, eyelid, ear, and scalp influence patterns of spread and necessitate differences in treatment at each site.