bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of various host factors to resistance to experimentally induced bacterial endotoxemia in calves
Authors: Michaels Frank H. , Banks Keith L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The reactions of 15 calves to iv administered bacterial lipopolysaccharide was investigated and was correlated with the capacity of 2 host defense mechanisms. The calves had a wide range of changes in clinical response, total wbc count, plasma lactate dehydoogeaaee (ld) activity, reaction to intradermally inoculated lipid A, and rectal temperature response. The early rectal temperature response of an individual calf was correlated with plasma ld activity, indicating a relationship between cell damage and fever. The concentration of antibody against lipid A at the time of lipopolysaccharide inoculation was negatively correlated with the rectal temperature changes recorded during endotoxemia, suggesting a protective ability of antibody. The capacity of a plasma inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide-mediated clotting of limulus amebocyte lysate was correlated with increases in plasma ld activity. Therefore, antibody to lipid A probably is involved in protection of cattle during endotoxemia, but the plasma lipopolysaccharide inhibitor actually may potentiate lipopolysaccharide toxicity.
Evaluation of praziquantel against induced Nanophyetus salmincola infections in coyotes and dogs
Authors: Foreyt William J. , Gorham John R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Efficacy of praziquantel against Nanophyetus salmincola, the trematode vector of salmon poisoning disease, was determined in coyotes (n = 29) and dogs (n = 25). The 10- to 14-week-old animals were fed fish or fish kidneys that contained metacercariae of N salmincola. To prevent salmon poisoning disease, all animals were treated with tetracycline on days 8 and 9 after they were fed fish. Ten days after ingestion of infected fish, 19 coyotes and 12 dogs were treated once with praziquantel, administered sc or im, at dosages between 6.68 and 38.73 mg/kg of body weight. Within 8 days after treatment, the numbers of trematode eggs in feces and trematodes recovered from the small intestine were reduced by > 99% when compared with untreated controls. Signs of drug toxicosis were not observed. On the basis of these results, praziquantel at doses approved for use in dogs against cestodes was highly effective against N salmincola in coyotes and dogs.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced liver disease in horses: An early diagnosis
Authors: Mendel V. E. , Witt M. R. , Gitchell B. S. , Gribble D. N. , Rogers Q. R. , Segall H. J. , Knight H. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nine adult horses were fed alfalfa hay cubes containing approximately 10% Senecio vulgaris until all horses had consumed approximately the same amount of toxic components of S vulgaris, pyrrolizidine alkaloids (pa). The amount of pa consumed was determined by the amount that induced clinical signs of pa toxicosis in 3 horses. The 6 other horses were given similar amounts per kilogram of body weight. An initial decrease of feed intake was observed when horses diets were changed from alfalfa cubes to alfalfa/Senecio cubes, and feed intake was decreased further over 89 to 98 days. From 50 to 159 days, body weight decreased in all horses.
Liver disease was induced in all 9 horses after they ate an average of 233 ± 9.2 mg of pa/kg of body weight. Eight horses died or were euthanatized. Treatment with branched chain amino acids had no effect on mortality, but appeared to reduce neurologic problems. Clinical signs of pa-induced liver disease included ataxia, head pressing, and decreased feed intake. Other clinical signs of toxicosis were observed in individual horses, but did not develop in most horses.
Megalocytic hepatopathy developed. Liver abnormalities proceeded as pa was consumed and were severe in 8 of 9 horses before clinical signs of toxicosis appeared. Sulfobromophthalein sodium clearance did not decrease until pa-induced liver disease was advanced. Bile acid (ba) concentrations increased to ≥ 50 μmol/L, in the 8 horses that died. One horse had hepatopathy and increased ba concentration, but survived. In this horse, ba concentration peaked at 33 μmol/L and then decreased. Plasma ba concentrations may have a predictive value for survived in horses with pa-induced liver disease. An accurate record of feed intake provided a sensitive measure of pa-induced liver dysfunction.
Scrotal circumference, seminal characteristics, and testicular lesions of yearling Angus bulls
Authors: Madrid N. , Ott R. S. , Veeramachaneni D. N. Rao , Parrett D. F. , Vanderwert W. , Willms C. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of age and body weight on scrotal circumference (sc), the effect of sc on percentage of sperm abnormalities and seminal characteristics, and the relationship of sc with testicular weight, epididymidal weight, degree of germinal epithelial loss (dgel), and percentage of tubules graded 4 or greater (G4 +) were studied in 37 Angus bulls. All bulls were from one herd and were examined at monthly intervals, during a 140-day weight gain test starting when they were 11 months old. The study was terminated when the bulls were slaughtered at 14 months of age. As age and body weight increased, sc increased (P < 0.001). The incidence of sperm abnormalities decreased (P < 0.001) as sc increased; however, seminal characteristics remained poor in bulls with sc ≤ 32 cm. Pathologic changes in 600 cross sections of seminiferous tubules from each bull were classified into 9 grades. The dgel per 100 tubules was calculated by assigning a value to each grade according to the severity of loss of germinal epithelium. Tubules classified as G4 + were devoid of germinal cells and provided an mdex of irreversible loss of germinal epithelium. The sc was correlated positively with testicular weight (r = 0.91, P < 0.001) and epididymal weight (r = 0.59, P < 0.001) and negatively with dgel (r = -0.48, P < 0.01) and G4+ (r = -0.44, P < 0.01). Of the 37 bulls, 8 that had sc ≤ 32 cm (range 27.5 to 32) had greater (P < 0.01) dgel and G4+ than did the remaining 29 bulls that had sc > 32 cm (range 32.5 to 38.5); means were 37.4 and 19.9% vs 11.2 and 4%, respectively. Fourteen-month-old Angus bulls with sc ≤ 32 cm had more testicular lesions and poorer seminal characteristics than did bulls with sc > 32 cm.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to bovine β2-microglobulin
Authors: Guidry Albert J. , Shapiro Rona P. , Srikumaran S. , Nickerson Stephen C. , Goldsby Richard A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In an attempt to isolate monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine lymphocytes, spleen cells from mice immunized with bovine lymphocytes were fused with the mouse myeloma cell line SP-2/0. The resulting hybridoma cell lines were tested for reactivity with bovine lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, rbc, γ-globulin, κ-casein, β-casein, α-S1-casein, and β2-microglobulin (β2m) and with β2m from rabbits, goats, and human beings. None of the clones secreted anti-bovine lymphocyte-specific antibody. However, 4 secreted monoclonal antibodies to bovine β2m. They also reacted with β2m from rabbit, goat, and human being. One monoclonal antibody also was found to be reactive with bovine immunoglobulin. Monoclonal antibodies to β2m could serve as a tool to (1) explore the homology of the β2m molecule among various species, (2) examine the relationship of β2m with the constant region of the immunoglobulin molecule, (3) quantitate bovine β2m in various body fluids and major histocompatibility antigens on cell surfaces, (4) help characterize those antigens in cattle, and (5) be used for tissue typing of those antigens.
Phenotypic characterization of canine lymphoma, using monoclonal antibodies and a microlymphocytotoxicity assay
Authors: Ladiges Warren C. , Keast Mike , Appelbaum Frederick , Storb Rainer 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cells acquired from lymph node biopsy specimens obtained from 58 dogs scheduled to undergo chemotherapy for lymphoma were immunophenotyped, using a microlymphocytotoxicity (mlct) assay comprising a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for canine cell surface antigens. Cells from 54 of the dogs concurrently were tested cytofluorometrically, using surface immunoglobulin (SIg) as a marker for B cells and the mab DT2 specific for peripheral blood T cells. The mlct results indicated frequent coexpression of antigens identified by DT2 antibody and, to a lesser extent, by 1A1 antibody on SIg-positive cells, suggesting that these antigens may be associated with other types of less-differentiated lymphoid cells, in addition to being associated with mature T cells. Class-II major histocompatibility antigens, as recognized by mab H81.98.71, HB10a, and H40.315.7, were detected on most SIg-positive cells, but generally were lacking on SIg-negative, DT2-negative cells. The mab Wig4, reactive with canine monocytes, recognized relatively few cells (11 of 58). Response to chemotherapy was not correlated with reactivity to mab DLy6 specific for resting lymphocytes or to mab W3G10 specific for a polymorphic antigen associated with the canine major histocompatibility complex. The mlct assay appears to be efficient, rapid, and inexpensive for immunophenotyping cells from lymphoma biopsy specimens.
Long-term persistence of Toxoplasma gondii in tissues of pigs inoculated with T gondii oocysts and effect of freezing on viability of tissue cysts in pork
Authors: Dubey J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To study the distribution of tissue cysts in porcine tissues, 16 pigs were fed oocysts of 4 strains of Toxoplasma gondii (4 pigs/strain). Pigs were euthanatized between postinoculation days 103 and 875 and portions of 5 to 14 organs were bioassayed in mice and/or cats for T gondii. For bioassays, 50- to 100-g portions of tissue were incubated in acidic pepsin solution to free bradyzoites from cysts in parenchyma, and washed sediment from the digests of each specimen was inoculated sc into mice (6 mice/organ). For bioassays in cats, a 500-g portion or whole organ was fed to Toxoplasma-free cats (1 cat/organ). Toxoplasma gondii was recovered from tissues of 14 of the 16 pigs (from the brains of 12, hearts of 11, tongues of 10, and diaphragms of 6). Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from commercial cuts of meat from 5 infected pigs; from the arm picnic and ham of 3, Boston butt, spareribs, and tenderloin of 2, and bacon and tailbone of 1. Regarding the 4 pigs euthanatized between postinoculation days 759 and 865, cats shed T gondii oocysts after the ingestion of hearts of all 4; tongues of 3; bacons, hams, arm picnics, Boston butts, spareribs, and diaphragms of 2; and livers, kidneys, and tenderloins of 1. Toxoplasma gondii was found to be inconsistently distributed among the organs and muscles, but overall, tongue and heart were more heavily infected than were other tissues. Tissue cysts in pork were rendered nonviable at −12 C for 3 days.
Dermal dysplasia characterized by collagen disorder-related skin fragility in a cow
Authors: Kawaguchi Takaki , Fukazawa Hiroyuki , Naito Yoshihisa , Okada Kōsuke 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Holstein cow 1 was examined because of skin fragility and delayed healing of skin wounds, which were markedly exacerbated around the time of parturition.
A skin biopsy sample was obtained, and light microscopy revealed irregular deposition of thin collagen fibers in a dermal matrix. Although diffuse inflammation did not occur, the number of plump fibroblasts was increased. Electron microscopy revealed poor construction of collagen fibrils in the dermal matrix. Biochemical analysis of the dermis revealed a normal amount of collagen and uronic acid, but sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an increased proportion of soluble α-, β-, and γ-collagen chains of normal molecular weights. Neither procollagen nor its intermediates devoid of amino- or carboxy-terminal extension peptide were observed. Dermal collagen from cow 1 was more soluble in a neutral salt solvent, 0.5M acetic acid, and the acid containing pepsin than was dermal collagen from healthy cow 2. The peptic digestion profile of dermis from cow 1 revealed a lowered degree of intermolecular cross-linking and destabilization of helical structure in the dermis collagen. The extrahelical peptic cleavage of collagen before cyanogen bromide digestion resulted in release of more fragments derived from carboxy-terminal part of α1 chains in dermis of cow 1 than in dermis of healthy cow 2.
Evaluation of clorsulon against immature Fascioloides magna in cattle and sheep
Authors: Foreyt William J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Efficacy of clorsulon was evaluated against infection with immature Fascioloides magna in 24 cattle and 12 sheep. Infections were induced by oral administration of 600 metacercariae/host. In cattle, clorsulon at dosages of 7 and 21 mg/kg of body weight was 65 and 100% effective against 8-week-old flukes, and 20 and 74% effective against 16-week-old flukes, respectively. In sheep, clorsulon at a dosage of 21 mg/kg was 92% effective against 8-week-old flukes. Significantly (P < 0.05) more F magna were recovered from untreated sheep than from untreated cattle.
Evaluation of a short-term saline diuresis protocol for the administration of cisplatin
Authors: Ogilvie Gregory K. , Krawiec Donald R. , Gelberg Howard B. , Twardock A. Robert , Reschke Robert W. , Richardson Bruce C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was undertaken to determine the toxic effects of cisplatin, an antineoplastic agent, on canine kidneys and bone marrow when administered during a 6-hour saline diuresis. Cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface) was administered iv to 6 healthy dogs over a 20-minute period after 0.9% NaCl solution (saline) was administered iv for 4 hours at a rate of 18.3 ml/kg/hr. After cisplatin injection, saline diuresis was continued at the same rate for 2 hours. Each dog vomited within 8 hours after the drug was administered. Clinical status, weight gain, and food consumption were normal throughout the 27-day study. All measures of renal function remained unchanged and were within normal limits for 27 days after the drug was administered. Nadirs in the daily neutrophil count were observed on days 6 (3,240 ± 404/μl) and 15 (1,196 ± 275/μl). There were no important gross or histologic abnormalities referable to cisplatin administration when the dogs were necropsied at the conclusion of the study (day 27). We concluded that cisplatin can be administered safely at a dosage of 70 mg/m2 of body surface, using a short-term diuresis protocol, and that the drug induces a nadir in the neutrophil count on days 6 and 15.
Cardiac dysrhythmias during anesthesia for cervical decompression in the dog
Authors: Stauffer Jean-Louis , Gleed Robin D. , Short Charles E. , Erb Hollis N. , Schukken Ynte H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a retrospective study, the risk for cardiac dysrhythmias was evaluated in dogs undergoing ventral decompression and/or fenestration of the cervical spine (cerv) and compared with that for dogs undergoing dorsal laminectomy for decompression of the thoracic or lumbar spine (tl). The dogs in the cerv subset (48 dogs) tended to be heavier and older than the dogs in the tl subset (111 dogs). There was no apparent bias detected in treatment before anesthesia and surgery. The risk for dysrhythmias was 2.5 times greater in the cerv subset, compared with that in the tl subset (P < 0.01). The risk for ventricular premature contraction was 3.5 times higher in the cerv group (P < 0.05). Bradycardia was found in 6 dogs from the cerv subset and was not found in any dogs from the tl subset. A logistic model was derived from the data and may be used to evaluate the risk for dysrhythmias in similar patients undergoing similar surgery and anesthesia. This model uses age, preoperative heart rate, and site of surgery (cerv or tl) to estimate the risk.
Validation of a radioimmunoassay for measurement of gastrin in equine serum
Authors: Young Diane W. , Smyth G. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A commercial radioimmunoassay kit designed for measuring gastrin in human serum was validated for use with equine serum. This nonextraction, double-antibody procedure uses an antiserum with broad specificity for molecular forms of gastrin. Synthetic human gastrin (G17-I) was added to pooled equine serum, and the observed assay values were compared with the mass added. Recovary was 99 to 115% in the gastrin concentration range of 40 to 640 pg/ml. Dilutions of postprandial serum with serum from fasted horses were assayed, and the inhibition curves were compared with those of the human gastrin kit standards, using a log-logit transformation. The slopes of the sample dilution plots were not significantly different from the slopes of the standard curves. Ethylenediamine tetraacetate and heparin adversely affected the assay, resulting in lower assayed gastrin concentration values. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (n = 10) was 3.8%, and the interassay coefficient of variation (n = 6) was 11.2%. The assay sensitivity, as reported by the manufacturer, is 8 pg/ml. Gastrin concentrations in serum from fasted horses ranged from undetectable values (< 8 pg/ml) to 17.5 pg/ml, and peaked at a mean value (n = 6) of 70 pg/ml 3 hours after feeding. Serum cortisol values monitored during the postprandial blood collection period were in the normal range for horses.
Morphologic and immunocytochemical study of young dogs with diabetes mellitus associated with pancreatic islet hypoplasia
Authors: Atkins Clarke E. , LeCompte Philip M. , Chin H. P. , Hill James R. , Ownby Charlotte L. , Brownfield Mark S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 11 dogs (7 males, 4 females; 10 purebred, 1 mixed breed), diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus before the age of 6 months, the pancreas was evaluated histologically; in 6, the pancreas also was examined by use of electron microscopy and/or immunocytochemical methods. Each dog was placed in 1 of 3 groups (A through C) on the basis of pancreatic histopathologic findings: Group A (n = 3)—no recognizable islets, but the pancreas in 2 dogs contained scattered endocrine cells detectable by use of immunoperoxidase staining or electron microscopy; Group B (n = 4)—no recognizable islets, but the pancreas had severe vacuolation of ducts and acini, as well as acinar atrophy; Group C (n = 4)—scant shrunken islets; 1 pancreas had reduced numbers of recognizable islets, hydropic β-cell vacuolation attributable to glycogen deposition, and islet and nonislet endocrine cells in expected proportions. Insulitis was not observed in any pancreas, although scattered lymphocytes were seen in the pancreatic interstitial fibrous tissue of 3 dogs. Histologic pancreatic lesions in these young dogs were distinct from those of type-I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in human beings, as well as from those of diabetes mellitus in aged dogs, but were similar to those described in other young diabetic dogs.
This uncommon syndrome is distinct from commonly recognized canine diabetes mellitus, on the basis of age of onset, predisposition for purebred dogs, lack of predisposing endocrinopathies or obesity, and pancreatic histologic features. The cause(s) is unknown, but is related to pancreatic endocrine hypoplasia and not to insulitis or to exocrine pancreatic inflammation. The term pancreatic islet hypoplasia is chosen as best describing this disorder.
Effect of acupuncture on young pigs with induced enteropathogenic Escherichia coli diarrhea
Authors: Hwang Y. C. , Jenkins E. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-four preweaning pigs with induced enteropathogenic Escherichia coli diarrhea were treated with electroacupuncture, traditional acupuncture, or neomycin. In the group treated with electroacupuncture, points GV-1, bilateral ST-36, and Bai-hui were stimulated electrically. In the group treated with traditional acupuncture, points GV-1, bilateral ST-36, BL-20, bulb points, bilateral ear tip, and Shan-gen were used. Acupuncture points CV-12 and bilateral ST-25 also were treated with moxibustion (applying heat generated by a burning herb, Artemisia argyi). Hemoacupuncture also was applied to Shan-gen, bilateral ear tip, and bulb points. Pigs in the third group were given neomycin orally. Five pigs were inoculated with E coli, but were not treated and served as nontreated controls.
At postinoculation day 5, 60% of control pigs and > 80% of pigs in treated groups recovered from diarrhea. However, at postinoculation day 3, recovery rates for pigs in the control and group treated with electroacupuncture were only 20 and 27.3%, respectively; whereas pigs treated with acupuncture or neomycin attained 81.8 and 71.4% of recovery rates, respectively. Seemingly, traditional acupuncture, but not electroacupuncture, was effective in controlling induced E coli diarrhea in pigs at its early stage.
Thyroid and immunologic status of dogs with perianal fistula
Authors: Killingsworth C. R. , Walshaw Richard , Reimann Keith A. , Rosser E. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lymphocyte-proliferation responses, absolute lymphocyte counts, and thyrotropin-stimulation responses were determined in 33 dogs with perianal fistula; serum immunoglobulin values also were determined in 15 of the 33 dogs. Lymphocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and phytohemagglutinin and were cultured with medium containing normal pooled canine serum or fresh patient’s autologous serum. Initially, lymphocytes from 9 dogs (27.3%) had depressed stimulation responses to ≥ 1 phytomitogen, and 4 of the 9 dogs had absolute lymphopenia. One month after recovery in these 9 dogs, lymphocytes from 4 dogs (66.7%) had normal proliferation responses.
Of immunoglobulin determinations in 15 dogs, serum IgA values were 32 to 185 mg/dl (mean, 69 ± 10 mg/dl) and were low in 2 dogs (13%), and serum IgM values were 48 to 610 mg/dl (mean, 263 to 46 mg/dl) and were high in 8 dogs (53%). Serum IgG values were 1,050 to 3,220 mg/dl (mean, 2,339 ± 165 mg/dl) and were high in 10 dogs (71%). After thyrotropin stimulation, 1 dog was considered hypothyroid.
Neither pathogenesis nor prognosis of canine perianal fistula was clarified via immunoglobulin concentrations or absolute lymphocyte counts. Based on lymphocyte-proliferation assays, suppression of cell-mediated immunity was probably a result of perianal fistula, rather than a cause of the fistula.
A turbidimetric method for fibronectin assay in the dog
Authors: Hauptman J. G. , Feldman B. F. , O’Neill S. L. , Lippert A. C. , Davis A. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An immunoturbidimetric method, using spectrophotometry, for the assay of canine plasma fibronectin concentration was compared with the immunoelectrophoretic method. The spectrophotometric method (S) correlated positively (r = 0.7) and significantly (P < 0.01) with the immunoelectrophoretic method (I). The regression equation was S = 0.37I + 53. Ninety-five percent confidence levels for the regression line were calculated to allow detection, by spectrophotometry, of plasma fibronectin concentrations outside the normal range.
Pathogenesis of blue fox parvovirus on blue fox kits and pregnant vixens
Authors: Veijalainen P. M. -L. , Smeds E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To study the pathogenicity of a newly isolated parvovirus of blue fox (Alopex lagopus), pregnant vixens and 43 kits of different ages were experimentally infected with the agent. The kits had no clinical signs of disease, even though most of them excreted virus in their feces, and they responded immunologically to viral exposure. Infection during pregnancy appeared to affect the fetuses. A group of 15 blue fox vixens inoculated with the virus produced a statistically smaller number of kits (78) than did 15 untreated controls (131). Vaccination with a homologous inactivated virus preparation appeared to afford protection against reproductive losses. After infection, 15 vaccinated vixens gave birth to 97 kits, compared with 54 kits born to a similar, non-vaccinated experimental group.