bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of BSE on Beef Purchases in Alberta and Ontario Quick‐Serve Restaurants
Authors: Maynard Leigh J. , Goddard Ellen , Conley John 
Published: October 2008

This analysis employed a highly disaggregated household data set of Alberta and Ontario fast food purchases from May 2000 to May 2005. A double‐hurdle count data model allowed tests of the hypotheses that frequency of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) media coverage affected neither a household's monthly probability of purchasing a beef entree, nor the household's monthly quantity of beef entrees purchased. Ontario consumers were more likely to stop purchasing beef entrees immediately following a surge in BSE media coverage, but those who did buy beef entrees maintained stable quantity levels. BSE media coverage did not systematically affect fast food purchases among Alberta consumers. Dans la présente analyse, nous avons utilisé un ensemble de données fortement désagrégées sur les achats de repas–minute effectués par des ménages de l'Alberta et de l'Ontario, entre mai 2000 et mai 2005. Un modèle de comptage à deux étapes (double hurdle count data model) a permis de vérifier les hypothèses selon lesquelles la concentration de la couverture médiatique de la crise de l'ESB n'influence pas la probabilité mensuelle d'un ménage d'acheter des repas–minute de bœuf ni la quantité mensuelle de repas–minute de bœuf achetés par un ménage. Les consommateurs ontariens étaient plus susceptibles de cesser d'acheter des repas–minute de bœuf immédiatement après une poussée de la couverture médiatique de la crise de l'ESB, mais ceux qui achetaient des repas–minute de bœuf ont maintenu les quantités achetées. La couverture médiatique de la crise de l'ESB n'a pas systématiquement influencé les achats de repas–minute chez les consommateurs albertains.
REUSABLE SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE ASSAY FOR THE SPECIFIC DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE tmRNA
Authors: GLYNN BARRY , LACEY KATRINA , O'GRADY JUSTIN , BARRY THOMAS , SMITH TERRY J. , MAHER MAJELLA 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT A capture oligonucleotide‐based surface plasmon resonance assay was developed for the specific detection of tmRNA from the gram‐positive pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Candidate species‐specific probes were initially screened on microarrays using labeled in vitro transcribed tmRNA before being subjected to further analysis on a Biacore 2000 biosensor using a variety of unlabeled tmRNA‐containing samples. Previous work had demonstrated that there is approximately 1,000 copies/cfu of tmRNA in S. pneumoniae. The natural amplification of this target has the potential to improve the detection capability of a nucleic acid diagnostics assay. In this study, S. pneumoniae‐specific probes were designed that enabled the detection of 1012 cRNA copies of the tmRNA target on the Biacore instrument. When evaluated in combination with nucleic acid sequence‐based amplification, specific detection of tmRNA from a single S. pneumoniae cell was demonstrated.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPostamplification analysis remains a significant bottleneck in nucleic acid diagnostics protocols, while real‐time amplification consumables are expensive as well as perishable. The method presented here enables the rapid (5 min per sample) and specific identification of target RNA sequences following nucleic acid sequence‐based amplification (NASBA). The biosensor chips used are stable and reusable for more than 100 analyses. Probe hybridization specificity has been demonstrated at a relatively low temperature (40C), while isothermal NASBA amplification removes the requirement for dedicated thermocyclers in the test laboratory. This detection format could also be applied to other in vitro amplification products. The combination of isothermal in vitro amplification with rapid, reusable chip assays potentially allows for the automated, high‐throughput and specific identification of bacterial pathogens.
A RAPID METHOD FOR ESTIMATING VIABILITY IN DESICCATED CELLS OF THE BIOCONTROL AGENT TSUKAMURELLA PAUROMETABOLA C‐924
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ ARMANDO , MOREIRA ALAIN , PIMENTEL EULOGIO , MARTÍNEZ JORGE , MENA JESÚS , DEL TORO NEYLEN 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT A new method for the rapid estimation of viability in anhydrobiotic cells of the biocontrol agent Tsukamurella paurometabola C‐924 was developed. The method is based on the absorbance due to hydrogen sulfide production. A linear model was obtained by plotting decimal logarithm of the corrected absorbance at 670 nm (log[Abscorrected]) versus the decimal logarithm of culturable cells (log[Xv]) (r2 = 0.9428). After comparing the results obtained by the proposed method to the ones obtained by the plate counting technique, no significant difference was observed in the number of culturable cells. The new technique, which is faster than plate counting, permits the estimation of biologic activity in anhydrobiotic cells of the strain C‐924 in only 2 h.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSNo previous reports concerning the method presented in this paper were found in the reviewed literature; in our particular case, this method allows a rapid evaluation of the viability and physiologic state of Tsukamurella paurometabola C‐924. The method presented here permits the estimation of viability in desiccated cells of bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide from cysteine as a sulfur source. This methodology could be applied in research related to the isolation of anhydrobiotes hydrogen sulfide producers. In addition, industrial application could be found, for example, the assessment of the viability of bacteria hydrogen sulfide producers formulated in wettable powders used in bioremediation or bioprecipitation of heavy metals. Furthermore, the biologic activity of these microorganisms could be estimated (i.e., desulfurase activity).
A PORTABLE RAMAN SYSTEM FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF FOODBORNE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: LUO B. STEVEN , LIN MIN 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT Raman spectroscopy is emerging as an important nondestructive, noninvasive, analytical tool for the analysis of biologic materials. This study presents a procedure to make use of commercial off‐the‐shelf components to construct a portable dispersive Raman system and evaluates it for discrimination of bacteria by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The system consists of a semiconductor laser (784.8 nm), a fiber optic probe (∼135 µm focal spot), a mini spectrometer and a computer. UV‐visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis of four silver colloid preparations produced in this study, together with the SERS spectra of Listeria innocua adsorbed on colloidal particles, indicated that silver colloids with the extinction maximum at >415 nm (particle size >75 nm) and a larger long wavelength tail are capable of promoting SERS of bacteria. The SERS spectra of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica were acquired with the system, leading to an unambiguous identification of these bacterial foodborne pathogens on the basis of their unique spectral bands. This study demonstrated the feasibility of constructing a low‐cost compact Raman system using commercially available components to perform the SERS analysis of bacteria.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCommercial off‐the‐shelf components such as a semiconductor laser, a fiber optic probe and a mini spectrometer can be used to construct a portable, low‐cost dispersive Raman system. Such system allows for the acquisition of SERS spectra of bacteria adsorbed on silver colloidal nanoparticles, as exemplified by three important bacterial foodborne pathogens L. monocytogenes (serotype 4b), E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica (serotype Typhimurium DT 104). An unambiguous identification of these pathogens was achieved based on their unique spectral bands, indicating that an inexpensive dispersive Raman system such as the one described here may be built for the rapid characterization of bacteria isolates from food, clinical and environment samples using SERS spectral fingerprints.
RAPID DETECTION AND ENUMERATION OF CONTAMINANTS BY ATP BIOLUMINESCENCE USING THE MILLIFLEX® RAPID MICROBIOLOGY DETECTION AND ENUMERATION SYSTEM
Authors: CHOLLET RENAUD , KUKUCZKA MONIKA , HALTER NADINE , ROMIEUX MARILYN , MARC FREDERIC , MEDER HERVE , BEGUIN VINCENT , RIBAULT SEBASTIEN 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT The Milliflex® Rapid Microbiology Detection and Enumeration System (RMDS) is an automated platform developed for the rapid detection of microbial contaminants in filterable samples. Based on membrane filtration, adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence and image analysis, RMDS gives microorganism enumeration a detection time reduced by a factor of four compared to plate count. After sample filtration and incubation step, a universal lysis solution and bioluminescence reagent are automatically sprayed across the membrane. The membrane is then analyzed in a detection tower where light emission is captured by a charged coupled device camera. Data collected are treated, directly providing a result in colony‐forming units. RMDS sensitivity is one cell and is equivalent to traditional microbiology. Rapid detection of bacteria, mixed bacteria and yeast was performed in various industrial samples. RMDS allowed rapid detection of contaminants in different simple and complex matrices such as water, tea, wine and mammalian cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe Milliflex® Rapid Microbiology Detection and Enumeration System (RMDS) is used to detect and enumerate microorganisms in filterable samples with time to detection in hours.The easy handling of this detection platform enables its use in all kinds of industries from food and beverage industries to biotechnology or pharmaceutical industries where procedures and method validation are stricter. One application is the use of RMDS for purified water testing and rinsing water. Rapid enumeration of contaminants will improve the quality control analysis of industrial products. Rapid release of samples will result in the optimization of manufacturing and product testing, allowing high throughput and simultaneous analysis during the process.
Involvement of endothelin‐1 in habitual exercise‐induced increase in arterial compliance
Authors: Maeda S. , Sugawara J. , Yoshizawa M. , Otsuki T. , Shimojo N. , Jesmin S. , Ajisaka R. , Miyauchi T. , Tanaka H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAim: Habitual aerobic exercise results in a significant increase in central arterial compliance. Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) is a potent endothelium‐derived vasoconstrictor peptide and could play a role in mediating the habitual aerobic exercise‐induced increase in central arterial compliance. The aim of the present study was to examine whether ET‐1 is involved in the mechanisms underlying the increase in central arterial compliance with aerobic exercise training.Methods: Seven apparently healthy middle‐aged and older (60 ± 3 years) adults underwent systemic endothelin‐A/B (ETA/B)‐receptor blockade (500 mg of Tracleer®) before and after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training (70 ± 1% of maximal heart rate, 44 ± 2 min day−1, 4.4 ± 0.1 days week−1).Results: Basal carotid arterial compliance (via simultaneous B‐mode ultrasound and arterial applanation tonometry on the common carotid artery) increased significantly after exercise training. Resting plasma ET‐1 concentration decreased significantly after exercise training. Before exercise intervention, carotid arterial compliance increased significantly with the administration of the ETA/B‐receptor blockade. After training, however, increases in carotid arterial compliance previously observed with the ETA/B‐receptor blockade before training were abolished.Conclusions: Regular aerobic exercise training enhances central arterial compliance in middle‐aged and older humans. The increase in arterial compliance was associated with the corresponding reduction in plasma ET‐1 concentration as well as the elimination of ET‐1‐mediated vascular tone. These results suggest that reductions in ET‐1 may be an important mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of exercise training on central artery compliance.
Cysts of branchial arch origin in the thymus of the Beagle
Authors: NEWMAN A. J. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTExamination of thymus glands from Beagles used in routine toxicological experiments revealed an age‐related increase in the incidence and size of cysts of branchial origin in the groups: 28–30 months, 16–18 months, 10–12 months, 6–8 months.The cysts varied in size and in the distribution of the cell types constituting the epithelium. Histochemical examination of cyst contents revealed mucosubstances that were considered similar to those of normal respiratory mucins in man.SUMMARYThe incidence of small cysts of branchial arch origin in the thymus of beagles was seen to increase with age. The increase is considered to be greater than that attributable to the regression of surrounding thymic tissue alone. Reference is made to a clinical case in which cystic distension of the thymus was present.Résumé. L'examen de thymus de chiens Beagle utilisés en expériences courantes de toxicologie a fait ressortir un accroissement proportionnel à l'âge dans la fréquence et la dimension des kystes d'origine branchiale, dans les groups de 28–30 mois, 16–18 mois, 10–12 mois, 6–8 mois.Les kystes présentaient des variations de grosseur, ainsi que dans la répartition des cellules type constituant l'épithélium. L'analyse histochimique du contenu des kystes a révélé des mucosubstances considtétés similaires à celles des mucosités normales du système respiratoire de l'homme.Zusammenfassung. Prüfung der Thymusdrüsen von Hirschhunden in normalen toxikologischen Versuchen zeigte mit dem Alter zusammenhängende Steigerung im Auftreten und in der Größe von Zysten mit Kiemenurspxung in den Gruppen 28–30 Monate, 16–18 Monate, 10–12 Monate, und 6–8 Monate. In der Größe der Zysten und in der Verteilung der das Epithelgewebe bildenden Zellentypen waren Schwankungen festzustellen. Histochemische Untersuchung der Zysteninhalte ergab Schleimsubstanzen, die ähnlich den normalen Mucinen in den Atmungswegen des Menschen erschienen.
Genetic defects in Antarctic dogs*
Authors: BELLARS A. R. M. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThe occurrence of congenital entropion and true haemophilia in a closed population of working British Antarctic Survey sledge dogs is described. The difficulties of determining the patterns of inheritance are discussed.Résumé. L'occurence de l'entropion congénital et de l'hémophilie de type ancestral dans une population fermée de chiens d'attache est examinée dans le cadre d'une Etude antarctique. L'auteur passe en revue les problèmes que soulève la déterminaton des modes d'hérédité.Zusammenfassung. Das Auftreten kongenitalen Entropiums und echter Hämophilie in einer geschlossenen Population arbeitender Schlittenhunde der British Antarctic Swey wird beschrieben. Die Schwierigkeiten der Bestimmung des Erbgangs werden besprochen.
Synovioma in a cat
Authors: Davies J. Douglas , Little N. R. F. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTA synovial tumour arose from tendon sheath in the right hind paw of an 8‐year‐old British short‐hair tabby cat. Four months after excision the tumour recurred locally but no metastasis was demonstrable at necropsy. Three cases of synovioma in the cat are now on record; they are characterized by a distal site in the limbs, intimate attachment to tendon sheaths, proclivity to local recurrence without metastasis, and prominent tumour giant cells.Résumé. Une tumeur synoviale s'est formée sur l'enveloppe tendineuse de la patte postérieure droite d'un chat anglais moucheté à poils ras, de 8 ans. Quatre mois après l'excision de la tumeur, on a noté une rechute locale mais pas de métastase à l'autopsie. On connaît trois cas de synoviomes chez le chat, les tumeurs sont caractérisées par leur situation distale sur les membres, leur adhérence intime aux enveloppes du tendon, leur tendance à des rechutes locales sans métastase et la prédominance de cellules géantes dans la tumeur.Zusammenfassung. Ein Synovialtumor entstand aus der Sehnenscheide in der rechten Hinterpfote einer acht Jahre alten kurzhaarigen britischen Tabby‐Katze. Vier Monate nach der Exzision kehrte der Tumor örtlich wieder, aber bei der Autopsie war keine Metastase nachweisbar. Es sind jetzt drei Fälle von Synovialom bei der Katze verzeichnet; sie sind charakterisiert durch distales Auftreten an den Gliedmassen, enge Verbundenheit mit Sehnenscheiden, Neigung zum örtlichen Wiederauftreten ohne Metastase und prominente Tumorriesenzellen.
Spermatogenic arrest with azoospermia in two Welsh Springer Spaniels
Authors: Hadley J. C. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThe case histories of two infertile male Welsh Springer Spaniels are described. The semen of one animal showed azoospermia which was later found to be of functional origin when both dogs were examined by testicu‐lar biopsy. Histological examination of the testicles of both dogs revealed the condition of spermatogenic arrest. The incidence of azoospermia in dogs and the aetiology of spermatogenic arrest are discussed. It is considered likely that more cases of spermatogenic arrest would be recognized if infertile dogs were subjected to testicular biopsy.Résumé. L'auteur décrit deux observations d'épagneuls springer infertiles. Le sperme de l'un de ces animaux a présenté de l'azoospermie, dont on a pu constater ultérieurement l'origine fonctionnelle lorsque les deux chiens ont subi une biopsie testiculaire. L'examen histologique des testicules de ces deux animaux a montré un arrêt de la spermatogénèse. La fréquence de l'azoospermie chez le chien et son étiologie spermatogenétique sont discutées. On pense que si l'on soumettait les chiens infertiles à une biopsie testiculaire, on serait amené à découvrir un plus grand nombre d'arrêts de la spermatogénèse.Zusammenfassung. Die Fälle von zwei unfruchtbaren männlichen Welsh Springer‐Spaniels werden beschrieben. Das Sperma des einen Tiers zeigte Azoospermie, die sich später als funktioneilen Ursprungs herausstellte, als beide Hunde durch Testikelbiopsie untersucht wurden. Die histologische Untersuchung der Testikel beider Hunde zeigte den Zustand spermiogene‐tischen Arrests. Die Häufigkeit von Azoospermie bei Hunden und die ätiologie des spermio‐genetischen Arrests werden besprochen. Es wird für wahrscheinlich gehalten, dass mehr Fälle von spermiogenetischem Arrest erkannt würden, falls unfruchtbare Hunde der Testikelbiopsie unterzogen werden.
The treatment of canine acanthosis nigricans
Authors: Bush B. M. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTLong‐term corticostcroid therapy produced a clinical improvement in the skin condition of three dogs with acanthosis nigricans. The administration of TSH, and the stimulation of endogenous TSH production, failed to produce a satisfactory response.Résumé. Une thérapeutique aux corticostéroïdes à long terme a provoqué une amélioration clinique dans l'état cutané de trois chiens souffrant d'acanthosis nigricans. L'administration de THS et la stimulation de la production endogène de TSH n'ont pas amorcé de réaction satisfaisante.Zusammenfassung. Langzeitige Corticosteroidtherapie führte zu einer klinischen Besserung des Hautzustands von drei Hunden mit Acanthosis nigricans. Die Anwendung von TSH und die Anregung der endogenen TSH‐Produktion rief keine zufriedenstellende Reaktion hervor.
Acute peritonitis in a kitten associated with Salmonella typhimurium infection
Authors: Ingham B. , Brentnall D. W. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTSalmonella typhimurium was isolated from the peritoneal exudate of a kitten which died from an acute peritonitis.Résumé. On a isolé Salmonella typhimurium de l'exudat péritonéal d'un chaton, mort d'une péritonite aiguë.Zusammenfassung. Salmonella typhimurium wurde aus dem peritonealen Exsudat einer jungen Katze isoliert, die an einer akuten Peritonitis starb.
Bone tuberculosis in wallabies (Protemnodon rufogrisea frutica)
Authors: Hime J. M. , Jones D. M. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and radiological signs and necropsy findings in four cases of bone tuberculosis occurring in the Bennett's wallaby are described. The implication of these findings in differential diagnosis from muscular dystrophy are discussed.Résumé. On décrit les signes cliniques et radiologiques, ainsi que les conclusions tirées de l'autopsie de 4 cas d'ostéite tuberculeuse rencontrés chez les Bennetts Wallaby. On discute de l'incidence de ces constatations sur le diagnostic différentiel de la dystrophie musculaire.Zusammenfassung. Die klinischen und radiologischen Befunde und die Autopsieergebnisse in vier Fällen von Knochentuberkulose in Bennetts Wallaby werden beschrieben. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde für die Differentialdiagnose dieser Erkrankung und der Muskeldystrophie wird besprochen.
THE BURDEN OF HIV/AIDS IN THE PUBLIC HEALTHCARE SYSTEM
Authors: Cleary Susan , Boulle Andrew , Castillo‐riquelme Marianela , Mcintyre Di 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGiven current lack of routine data, assessing the burden of HIV/AIDS on the public healthcare system is complex. This research aimed to collect a wide range of data that could be used to estimate this burden and the costs of meeting it. Data collection was undertaken by research doctors who were employed in a wide spectrum of facilities to compile information on patients' HIV‐status, retrospective utilisation of services and unit costs of care. Key results indicated that the percentage of expenditure on HIV‐related care was 26% across all facilities. HIV‐positive patients had higher utilisation of services compared to other patient groups; the annual cost per patient was estimated to be R4,813 (2007/08 prices). Results should be interpreted in the light of the underlying population need and context‐specific access barriers.
COST AND QUALITY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR HOME COMMUNITY‐BASED CARE SERVICES TO ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN
Authors: Naidu V , Aguilera J.f. , De Beer J , Netshipale P , Harris G 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe encouragement of care of orphans and vulnerable children by non‐profit organisations (NPOs) is a major policy response to the HIV and AIDS epidemic in South Africa. The purpose of this article is to present a quality–cost model with five performance indicators for quality and two for costs and to test these against actual performance using data collected from nine rural and urban organisations in 2004 and 2005. Six NPOs had acceptable cost but all had unacceptable quality scores; three had unacceptable cost and unacceptable quality scores. Each rural caregiver had many more orphans and vulnerable children beneficiaries than their urban counterparts but made fewer total visits. As a result, urban beneficiaries received, on average, 3.5 times more visits than their rural counterparts. The results suggest the need for different performance indicators and expectations for rural and urban NPOs and that monitoring and evaluation using the model could improve horne community‐based care services.