bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formalizing Date Arithmetic and Statically Detecting Ambiguities for the Law
Authors: Monat Raphaël , Fromherz Aymeric , Merigoux Denis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLegal expert systems routinely rely on date computations to determine the eligibility of a citizen to social benefits or whether an application has been filed on time. Unfortunately, date arithmetic exhibits many corner cases, which are handled differently from one library to the other, making faithfully transcribing the law into code error-prone, and possibly leading to heavy financial and legal consequences for users.In this work, we aim to provide a solid foundation for date arithmetic working on days, months and years. We first present a novel, formal semantics for date computations, and formally establish several semantic properties through a mechanization in the F$$^\star $$

⋆

proof assistant. Building upon this semantics, we then propose a static analysis by abstract interpretation to automatically detect ambiguities in date computations. We finally integrate our approach in the Catala language, a recent domain-specific language for formalizing computational law, and use it to analyze the Catala implementation of the French housing benefits, leading to the discovery of several date-related ambiguities.
Observables from classical black hole scattering in Scalar-Tensor theory of gravity from worldline quantum field theory
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Ghosh Debodirna , Ghosh Saptaswa , Pal Sounak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we compute the two observables, impulse and waveform, in a black hole scattering event for the Scalar-Tensor theory of gravity with a generic scalar potential using the techniques of Worldline Quantum Field Theory. We mainly investigate the corrections to the above mentioned observables due to the extra scalar degree of freedom. For the computation of impulse, we consider the most general scenario by making the scalar field massive and then show that each computed diagram has a smooth massless limit. We compute the waveform for scalar and graviton up to 2PM, taking the scalar as massless. Furthermore, we discuss if the scalar has mass and how the radiation integrals get more involved than the massless case. We also arrive at some analytical results using stationary phase approximation. Interestingly, we also show that the λ4φ4 interaction vertex does not contribute to the radiation by showing that the integral has no non-zero finite value.
Characterizing 4-string contact interaction using machine learning
Authors: Erbin Harold , Fırat Atakan Hilmi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The geometry of 4-string contact interaction of closed string field theory is characterized using machine learning. We obtain Strebel quadratic differentials on 4-punctured spheres as a neural network by performing unsupervised learning with a custom-built loss function. This allows us to solve for local coordinates and compute their associated mapping radii numerically. We also train a neural network distinguishing vertex from Feynman region. As a check, 4-tachyon contact term in the tachyon potential is computed and a good agreement with the results in the literature is observed. We argue that our algorithm is manifestly independent of number of punctures and scaling it to characterize the geometry of n-string contact interaction is feasible.
Perturbative method for mutual information and thermal entropy of scalar quantum fields
Authors: Bramante Joseph , Buchanan Andrew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A new approach is presented to compute entropy for massless scalar quantum fields. By perturbing a skewed correlation matrix composed of field operator correlation functions, the mutual information is obtained for disjoint spherical regions of size r at separation R, including an expansion to all orders in r/R. This approach also permits a perturbative expansion for the thermal field entropy difference in the small temperature limit (T ≪ 1/r).
Nonlocal Lagrangian fields and the second Noether theorem. Non-commutative U(1) gauge theory
Authors: Heredia Carlos , Llosa Josep 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on three main contributions. Firstly, we provide an in-depth overview of the nonlocal Lagrangian formalism. Secondly, we introduce an extended version of the second Noether’s theorem tailored for nonlocal Lagrangians. Finally, we apply both the formalism and the extended theorem to the context of non-commutative U(1) gauge theory, including its Hamiltonian and quantization, showcasing their practical utility.
Bound on Lyapunov exponent in Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black holes by a charged particle
Authors: Park Junsu , Gwak Bogeun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigate the bound on the Lyapunov exponents by a charged particle in Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black holes using analytic and numerical methods. We determine whether the Lyapunov exponent can exceed the bound by an electrically charged particle with an angular momentum. Our tests are applied to the de Sitter spacetime by the positive cosmological constant such as Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter, Kerr-de Sitter, and Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black holes. In particular, we consider Nariai and ultracold limits on these black holes for our tests. From our analysis results, there remain violations on the bound under the positive cosmological constant, and electric charge and angular momentum of the particle significantly impact the Lyapunov exponent.
El Escorial, Derand and Guarini: About Formal Control of Ribbed Spherical and Elliptical Vaults
Authors: Calvo-López José 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGuarino Guarini’s ribbed vaults have been connected with Islamic sources. However, this connection relies almost exclusively on plans and visual observations from the church floor. By contrast, the vertical layout, although clearly shown in Guarini’s Dissegni di architettura civile ed ecclesiastica, and the intrados surface of the ribs have not been taken into account, except by Marco Boetti (Guarino Guarini, Umberto Allemandi, Torino, 2006). In this contribution, I will deal with some possible sources of Guarini’s designs for the ribbed vaults of Sainte-Anne-la-Royale in Paris, Padri Somaschi in Messina, San Lorenzo in Turin and San Gaetano in Nice. I will take into account not only the plan layout of the ribs, but also their shape in space, and the nature of the intrados surface, analysing such possible sources as the stereotomic treatise of François Derand and several Spanish stonecutting manuscripts connected with El Escorial.
An $$L^p$$-Spectral Multiplier Theorem with Sharp p-Specific Regularity Bound on Heisenberg Type Groups
Authors: Niedorf Lars 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prove an $$L^p$$

L
p

-spectral multiplier theorem for sub-Laplacians on Heisenberg type groups under the sharp regularity condition $$s>d\left| 1/p-1/2\right| $$

s
>
d

1
/
p
-
1
/
2

, where d is the topological dimension of the underlying group. Our approach relies on restriction type estimates where the multiplier is additionally truncated along the spectrum of the Laplacian on the center of the group.
Evaluating the effectiveness of functional decomposition in early-stage design: development and application of problem space exploration metrics
Authors: She Jinjuan , Belanger Elise , Bartels Caroline 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to explore metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of functional decomposition methods regarding problem space exploration at the early design stage. Functional decomposition involves breaking down the main purpose of a complex problem or system into a set of more manageable sub-functions, leading to a clearer understanding of the problem space and its various aspects. While various metrics have been used to evaluate functional decomposition outcomes, little literature has focused on assessing its effectiveness in problem space exploration. To address the gap, this research introduces three metrics for problem space evaluation defined by functional models: quantity of unique functions (M1), breadth and depth of the hierarchical structure (M2), and relative semantic coverage ratio of the problem space (M3). An example study is conducted to illustrate the evaluation process, comparing functional analysis with and without explicit human-centric considerations using a power screwdriver as a case product. The analysis in the example study reveals that the breadth of the hierarchical structure (part of M2) is marginally larger in the condition with explicit human-centric considerations (Condition A) compared to the condition without such considerations (Condition B). However, no significant differences are observed in terms of other metrics. The qualitative analysis based on semantic comparisons suggests that Condition A facilitates participants in generating a diverse set of functions supporting user safety requirements more effectively than Condition B. Overall, the example study demonstrates the evaluation process for each metric and discusses their nuances and limitations. By proposing these metrics, this research contributes to benchmarking and evaluating the effectiveness of different methods in promoting functional analysis in engineering design. The metrics provide valuable insights into problem space exploration, offering designers a better understanding of the efficacy of their functional decomposition methods in early design stages. This, in turn, fosters more informed decision-making and contributes to the advancement of functional analysis methodologies in engineering design practices.
Validation of putative biomarkers of furan exposure through quantitative analysis of furan metabolites in urine of F344 rats exposed to stable isotope labeled furan
Authors: Kalisch C. , Reiter M. , Krieger M. , Wüst L. , Klotz C. , Dekant R. , Lachenmeier D. W. , Scherf-Clavel O. , Mally A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHumans are chronically exposed to furan, a potent liver toxicant and carcinogen that occurs in a variety of heat-processed foods. Assessment of human exposure based on the furan content in foods is, however, subject to some uncertainty due to the high volatility of furan. Biomarker monitoring is thus considered an alternative or complementary approach to furan exposure assessment. Previous work suggested that urinary furan metabolites derived from the reaction of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial (BDA), the reactive intermediate of furan, with glutathione (GSH) or amino acids may serve as potential biomarkers of furan exposure. However, some metabolites were also reported to occur in urine of untreated animals, indicating either background contamination via animal feed or endogenous sources, which may limit their suitability as biomarkers of exposure. The overall aim of the present study was to accurately establish the correlation between external dose and concentration of furan metabolites in urine over time and to discriminate against endogenous formation and furan intake via feed. To this end, the furan metabolites GSH-BDA (N-[4-carboxy-4-(3-mercapto-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1-oxobutyl]-L-cysteinylglycine), NAcLys-BDA (R-2-(acetylamino)-6-(2,5-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1-hexanoic acid), NAcCys-BDA-NAcLys (N-acetyl-S-[1-[5-(acetylamino)-5-carboxypentyl]-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-L-cysteine) and NAcCys-BDA-NAcLys sulfoxide (N-acetyl-S-[1-[5-(acetylamino)-5-carboxypentyl]-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-L-cysteine sulfoxide) were simultaneously analyzed by stable isotope dilution ESI–LC–MS/MS as unlabeled and [13C4]-furan dependent metabolites following oral administration of a single oral dose of isotopically labelled [13C4]-furan (0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µg/kg bw) to male and female F344/DuCrl rats. Although a linear correlation between urinary excretion of [13C4]-furan-dependent metabolites was observed, analysis of unlabeled NAcLys-BDA, NAcCys-BDA-NAcLys and NAcCys-BDA-NAcLys sulfoxide revealed substantial, fairly constant urinary background levels throughout the course of the study. Analysis of furan in animal feed excluded feed as a source for these background levels. GSH-BDA was identified as the only furan metabolite without background occurrence, suggesting that it may present a specific biomarker to monitor external furan exposure. Studies in humans are now needed to establish if analysis of urinary GSH-BDA may provide reliable exposure estimates.
Abelian covers and the second fundamental form
Authors: Frediani Paola 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe give some conditions on a family of abelian covers of $${\mathbb P}^1$$

P

1

of genus g curves, that ensure that the family yields a subvariety of $${\mathsf A}_g$$

A
g

which is not totally geodesic, hence it is not Shimura. As a consequence, we show that for any abelian group G, there exists an integer M which only depends on G such that if $$g >M$$

g
>
M

, then the family yields a subvariety of $${\mathsf A}_g$$

A
g

which is not totally geodesic. We prove then analogous results for families of abelian covers of $${\tilde{C}}_t \rightarrow {\mathbb P}^1 = {\tilde{C}}_t/{\tilde{G}}$$

C
~

t

→

P

1

=

C
~

t

/

G
~

with an abelian Galois group $${\tilde{G}}$$

G
~

of even order, proving that under some conditions, if $$\sigma \in {\tilde{G}}$$

σ
∈

G
~

is an involution, the family of Pryms associated with the covers $${\tilde{C}}_t \rightarrow C_t= {\tilde{C}}_t/\langle \sigma \rangle $$

C
~

t

→

C
t

=

C
~

t

/

⟨
σ
⟩

yields a subvariety of $${\mathsf A}_{p}^{\delta }$$

A

p

δ

which is not totally geodesic. As a consequence, we show that if $${\tilde{G}}=(\mathbb Z/N\mathbb Z)^m$$

G
~

=

(
Z
/
N
Z
)

m

with N even, and $$\sigma $$
σ
is an involution in $${\tilde{G}}$$

G
~

, there exists an integer M(N) which only depends on N such that, if $${\tilde{g}}= g({\tilde{C}}_t) > M(N)$$

g
~

=
g

(

C
~

t

)

>
M

(
N
)

, then the subvariety of the Prym locus in $${{\mathsf A}}^{\delta }_{p}$$

A

p
δ

induced by any such family is not totally geodesic (hence it is not Shimura).
Quantum dot fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic strip for detecting PRRSV antibodies
Authors: Yang Rui , Ru Yi , Wang Huibao , Hao Rongzeng , Li Yajun , Zhang Tao , Zheng Haixue , Zhang Yong , Zhao Xingxu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Current vaccine prevention and treatment approaches for PRRS are not adequate, and commercial vaccines do not provide sufficient cross-immune protection. Therefore, establishing a precise, sensitive, simple, and rapid serological diagnostic approach for detecting PRRSV antibodies is crucial. The present study used quantum dot fluorescent microspheres (QDFM) as tracers, covalently linked to the PRRSV N protein, to develop an immunochromatography strip (ICS) for detecting PRRSV antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies against PRRSV nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins were both coated on nitrocellulose membranes as control (C) and test (T) lines, respectively. QDFM ICS identified PRRSV antibodies under 10 min with high sensitivity and specificity. The specificity assay revealed no cross-reactivity with the other tested viruses. The sensitivity assay revealed that the minimum detection limit was 1.2 ng/mL when the maximum dilution was 1:2,048, comparable to the sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Moreover, compared to PRRSV ELISA antibody detection kits, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of QDFM ICS after analyzing 189 clinical samples were 96.7%, 97.9%, and 97.4%, respectively. Notably, the test strips can be stored for up to 6 months at 4 °C and up to 4 months at room temperature (18–25 °C). In conclusion, QDFM ICS offers the advantages of rapid detection time, high specificity and sensitivity, and affordability, indicating its potential for on-site PRRS screening.

Key points
• QDFM ICS is a novel method for on-site and in-lab detection of PRRSV antibodies
• Its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy are on par with commercial ELISA kits
• QDFM ICS rapidly identifies PRRSV, aiding the swine industry address the evolving virus
Experimental determination of Fe–Mg interdiffusion in orthopyroxene as a function of Fe content
Authors: Dias Maria A. , Dohmen Ralf 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe have measured the dependence of the Fe–Mg interdiffusion coefficient,DFe-Mg, on the ferrosilite component in orthopyroxene, which so far has not been experimentally calibrated. Diffusion couples, consisting of approximately 1 µm thin-films were deposited by pulsed laser ablation on orthopyroxene crystals of En91Fs9composition. Diffusion experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure in vertical gas mixing furnaces (CO-CO2) at temperatures between 950 and 1100 °C at constantfO2 = 10–7Pa. Using a focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM), FIB-foils were cut from diffusion couples before and after annealing. Diffusion profiles were extracted by using combined backscattered electron (BSE) imaging and energy dispersive X-ray (EDXS) mapping on FIB-foils which allowed to resolve concentration gradients within 20 nm. The microstructure of the diffusion experiments was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using this method, we obtained the first experimentally determined data on the dependence ofDFe-Mgon the ferrosilite content in orthopyroxene at different temperatures, appearing to increase with increasing a temperature. For the temperature range (950 – 1100 °C), logfO2 = -7 Pa, along [001] in the composition Fs9, the logDFe-Mgyields the following Arrhenius equation:$$D_{Fe - Mg} [m^2 /s] = 3.8 \cdot 10^{ - 9} \exp [ - 261.07 \pm 24[kJ/mol]/(R/T[K])]$$DFe-Mg[m2/s]=3.8·10-9exp[-261.07±24[kJ/mol]/(R/T[K])]The effect ofXFeonDFe-Mg,given by$$D(X_{Fe} ) = D(X_{Fe} = 0.09) \cdot {10}^{m (X_{Fe} - 0.09)},$$D(XFe)=D(XFe=0.09)·10m(XFe-0.09),can be calculated by the following parameterization wheremfollows a linear regression ofmon temperature:$$m = - 2.711 \cdot 10^4 /T(K) + 23.5408$$m=-2.711·104/T(K)+23.5408By considering theDFe-Mgdependence onXFe, the timescales of natural processes obtained from modelling the compositional zoning of natural crystal may considerably differ from previously estimated timescales.
Phosphatidylserine externalization as immune checkpoint in cancer
Authors: Kur Ivan-Maximiliano , Weigert Andreas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in cancer treatment including immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, new unconventional biomarkers and targets for the detection, prognosis, and treatment of cancer are still in high demand. Tumor cells are characterized by mutations that allow their unlimited growth, program their local microenvironment to support tumor growth, and spread towards distant sites. While a major focus has been on altered tumor genomes and proteomes, crucial signaling molecules such as lipids have been underappreciated. One of these molecules is the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) that is usually found at cytosolic surfaces of cellular membranes but can be rapidly and massively shuttled to the extracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane during apoptosis to serve as a limiting factor for immune responses. These immunosuppressive interactions are exploited by tumor cells to evade the immune system. In this review, we describe mechanisms of immune regulation in tumors, discuss if PS may constitute an inhibitory immune checkpoint, and describe current and future strategies for targeting PS to reactivate the tumor-associated immune system.
Clinicopathological factors predict residual lymph node metastasis in locally advanced rectal cancer with ypT0-2 after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Cui Yujun , Song Maxiaowei , Tie Jian , Li Shuai , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Yangzi , Geng Jianhao , Liu Zhiyan , Teng Huajing , Sui Xin , Zhu Xianggao , Cai Yong , Li Yongheng , Wang Weihu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Residual lymph node metastases (RLNM) remained a great concern in the implementation of organ-preserving strategies and led to poor prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). In this study, we aimed to identify the clinicopathological factors correlated with RLNM in LARC patients with ypT0-2 after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 417 patients histologically diagnosed middle-low LARC after NCRT and total mesorectal excision (TME), whose pathological staging was ypT0-2. All patients received pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before NCRT. The radiation doses were 50–50.6 Gy for the planning gross tumor volume and 41.8–45 Gy for the planning target volume, respectively. A nomogram for predicting RLNM was constructed using a binary logistic regression. Nomogram performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve (CIC).

Results
After surgery, 191 patients (45.8%) were ypT0, 43 patients (10.3%) were ypT1 and 183 patients (43.9%) were ypT2, and a total of 49 patients (11.8%) were found the presence of RLNM. Multivariable analyses identified MRI-defined mesorectal fascia (MRF)-positive, high-grade histopathology at biopsy, advanced ypT-category, and the presence of perineural invasion (PNI) as the predictive factors. The nomogram, incorporating all these predictors, showed good discrimination and calibration efficacy, with the areas under the ROC curve of 0.690 (95% CI: 0.610–0.771). Both DCA and CIC demonstrated that this nomogram has good clinical usefulness.

Conclusion
The nomogram model can predict RLNM in patients with ypT0-2 tumors. It can help select suitable patients for performing organ-preserving strategies after NCRT.
Variant effect predictors: a systematic review and practical guide
Authors: Riccio Cristian , Jansen Max L. , Guo Linlin , Ziegler Andreas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLarge-scale association analyses using whole-genome sequence data have become feasible, but understanding the functional impacts of these associations remains challenging. Although many tools are available to predict the functional impacts of genetic variants, it is unclear which tool should be used in practice. This work provides a practical guide to assist in selecting appropriate tools for variant annotation. We conducted a MEDLINE search up to November 10, 2023, and included tools that are applicable to a broad range of phenotypes, can be used locally, and have been recently updated. Tools were categorized based on the types of variants they accept and the functional impacts they predict. Sequence Ontology terms were used for standardization. We identified 118 databases and software packages, encompassing 36 variant types and 161 functional impacts. Combining only three tools, namely SnpEff, FAVOR, and SparkINFERNO, allows predicting 99 (61%) distinct functional impacts. Thirty-seven tools predict 89 functional impacts that are not supported by any other tool, while 75 tools predict pathogenicity and can be used within the ACMG/AMP guidelines in a clinical context. We launched a website allowing researchers to select tools based on desired variants and impacts. In summary, more than 100 tools are already available to predict approximately 160 functional impacts. About 60% of the functional impacts can be predicted by the combination of three tools. Unexpectedly, recent tools do not predict more impacts than older ones. Future research should allow predicting the functionality of so far unsupported variant types, such as gene fusions.URL: https://cardio-care.shinyapps.io/VEP_Finder/.Registration: OSF Registries on November 10, 2023, https://osf.io/s2gct.