bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Protein Bodies and Phytate‐Rich Inclusions in Grain Tissues of Low and High Iron Rice Genotypes
Authors: Prom‐u‐thai C. , Huang L. , Rerkasem B. , Thomson G. , Kuo J. , Saunders M. , Dell B. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe present study aims to understand whether genotypic differences in grain iron (Fe) concentration in four rice genotypes are related to its association with protein bodies containing phytate‐rich inclusions. Rice genotypes with high and low grain Fe concentrations in unpolished brown rice were grown in a greenhouse at Chiang Mai, Thailand, and grains were harvested at maturity. The presence of protein bodies and phytate‐rich inclusions in rice grain tissues were examined by means of light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composition of mineral elements in different grain tissues was examined using energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) and chemical analysis. The relative distribution pattern of protein bodies in the tissues was similar among the four rice genotypes, which resembled the pattern of grain N concentrations in these tissues. The high grain Fe genotypes (based on brown rice Fe concentration) had more protein bodies containing phytate‐rich inclusions in the embryo and aleurone layer tissues than the low Fe genotypes. Phytate‐rich inclusions were not detected in the endosperm tissues in all genotypes. In conclusion, the presence of protein bodies with phytate‐rich inclusions predominantly in the embryo and aleurone regions of the grain is an important parameter contributing to the variation in brown rice Fe concentration among the genotypes, but not in the white rice (the endosperm). Iron associated with the phytate‐rich inclusions present in the embryo and aleurone layer tissues are largely lost during the polishing process to produce white rice.
Eight‐year median survival in multiple myeloma after total therapy 2: roles of thalidomide and consolidation chemotherapy in the context of total therapy 1
Authors: Zangari Maurizio , Van Rhee Frits , Anaissie Elias , Pineda‐Roman Mauricio , Haessler Jeff , Crowley John , Barlogie Bart 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIn comparison to total therapy 1 (TT1), the phase 3 trial total therapy 2 (TT2) evaluated the benefit of up‐front administration of thalidomide (THAL); TT2 also introduced post‐transplant consolidation chemotherapy. With median follow‐up times of 5 and 12 years, respectively, outcome comparisons were made of 668 patient’s enrolled on TT2 and 231 patients treated on TT1. Complete response (CR) rates were similar at 40% for TT1 and TT2 without THALversus60% on the THAL arm of TT2. CR durations were similar with either TT2 arm and both were superior to results of TT1. Event‐free and overall survivals were extended from 2·6 to 5·7 years, respectively, with TT1 to 4·8 and 8·0 years with TT2. TT2’s major advance vis‐à‐vis TT1 pertained to the subgroup without cytogenetic abnormalities (CA), supporting the role of post‐transplant consolidation therapy, whereas the improved survival of the CA subgroup on the experimentalversuscontrol arm of TT2 attests to the role of THAL in this setting. Adjusting for prognostic variables in multivariate and pair‐mate analyses, TT2 was superior to TT1 in terms of CR duration, event‐free and overall survival. These results provide a basis for the prospective evaluation of the consolidation strategy in a randomized clinical trial design.
Bone marrow trephine morphology and immunohistochemical findings in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
Authors: Ngo Nye‐Thane , Lampert Irvin A. , Naresh Kikkeri N. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryChronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a clonal disorder with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative features. Its diagnosis is based on the presence of peripheral blood monocytosis and bone marrow aspirate findings, according to World Health Organization criteria. However, bone marrow trephine biopsy (BMTB) features characteristic of CMML have not been adequately investigated. We studied BMTB in 20 cases of CMML‐1 and three cases of CMML‐2 and compared with ten cases of polycythaemia vera, ten cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia (chronic phase) and ten cases of florid myeloid hyperplasia (MH). Furthermore, we evaluated the use of CD34, CD117 and CD68 (PGM‐1) antibodies in diagnosis and subtyping of CMML and in differentiating from other categories. Hypercellularity, high myeloid:erythroid ratio, increased proportion of ‘myelo/monocytic’ cells often seen as clusters and/or nodules, absence of eosinophilia, and presence of abnormal localisation of immature precursors (ALIP) and dysmegakaryopoiesis can aid in the diagnosis of CMML in BMTB. CD68 (PGM‐1) positive cells amounted to 20·7 ± 6·1% cells among CMML trephines. The proportion of CD34+ cells among cases of CMML‐1 was ≤5% and among CMML‐2 was ≥10% cells in two of three cases and 5% in the other case. Morphological and immunohistochemical features of BMTB samples are extremely helpful in the diagnosis of CMML.
Excellent survival following two courses of COPAD chemotherapy in children and adolescents with resected localized B‐cell non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results of the FAB/LMB 96 international study*
Authors: Gerrard Mary , Cairo Mitchell S. , Weston Claire , Auperin Anne , Pinkerton Ross , Lambilliote Anne , Sposto Richard , McCarthy Keith , Lacombe Marie‐José T. , Perkins Sherrie L. , Patte Catherine ,   On Behalf of the FAB LMB96 International Study Committee
Published: March 2008

SummaryHigh cure rates are possible in children with localized mature B‐cell lymphoma (B NHL) using a variety of chemotherapeutic strategies. To reduce late sequelae, the duration and intensity of chemotherapy has been progressively reduced. The Lymphome Malins de Burkitt (LMB) 89 study reported long‐term survival in almost all children with localized resected disease treated with two courses of COPAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisolone and doxorubicin). This study was designed to confirm the effectiveness of this approach in a larger number of patients in a multinational co‐operative study. The patient cohort was part of an international study (French‐American‐British LMB 96), which included all disease stages and involved three national groups. Patients in this part of the study had resected stage I or completely resected abdominal stage II disease. Following surgery, two courses of COPAD were given, without intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy. One hundred and thirty‐two children were evaluable. Two of 264 (0·9%) courses were associated with grade IV toxicity (one stomatitis and one infection). With a median follow up of 50·5 months, the 4 year event‐free survival is 98·3% and overall survival is 99·2%. Children with resected localized B‐NHL can be cured with minimal toxicity following two courses of low intensity treatment without IT chemotherapy.
Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) vertical movements in the Azores Islands determined with pop‐up satellite archival tags
Authors: ARRIZABALAGA H. , PEREIRA J. G. , ROYER F. , GALUARDI B. , GOÑI N. , ARTETXE I. , ARREGI I. , LUTCAVAGE M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMovement patterns of 17 bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) near the Azores Islands were analyzed between April and May 2001 and 2002 using pop‐up satellite archival tags. Despite short attachment durations (1 to 21 days, 8.2 days on average), their vertical movements revealed much shallower distribution of bigeye tuna in comparison with previous studies in the tropical Pacific and tropical Atlantic. Depth and temperature histograms were unimodal, although overall depth distribution during the day was deeper than during the night due to daily incursions in deeper waters. Although generalized additive models showed significant non‐linear relationships with weight of the fish and sea level anomaly (as a proxy for variability of thermocline depth), the effect of these variables on bigeye depth appeared minor, suggesting that vertical movements of bigeye in the Azores during the spring migration may be influenced by food availability in upper water layers.
Remotely sensed spawning habitat of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) within the California Current
Authors: REISS CHRISTIAN S. , CHECKLEY DAVID M. , BOGRAD STEVEN J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe use trivariate kernel density estimation to define spawning habitat of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current using satellite data and in situ egg samples from the Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (CUFES) deployed during surveys in April by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI). Observed egg distributions were compared with monthly composite satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and surface chlorophyll a (chl a) data. Based on the preferred spawning habitat, as defined in SST and chl a space, the satellite data were used to predict potential spawning habitat along two areas of the west coast of North America. Data from the southern area (21.5 to 39°N) were compared to observations from the CUFES data for the period 1998–2005. Northern anchovy and Pacific sardine exhibited distinctly different spawning habitat distributions. A significant relationship was found between satellite‐based spawning area and that measured during surveys for sardine. CUFES area estimated for sardine was similar in magnitude to that estimated from satellite data (∼60 000 km2). In contrast, spawning habitat of anchovy averaged between 1000 and 200 000 km2 for the period 1998–2005, for CUFES and satellite estimates, respectively. Interannual variability in the area (km2) and duration (months) of estimates of suitable habitat varied between species and between the northern (39 to 50.5°N) and southern portions of the California Current. Long‐term monitoring of habitat variability using remote sensing data is possible in the southern portion of the California Current, and could be improved upon in the northern area with the addition of surveys better timed to describe relationships between observed and estimated spawning habitats.
Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: a cold water refugium
Authors: ARIMITSU MAYUMI L. , PIATT JOHN F. , LITZOW MICHAEL A. , ABOOKIRE ALISA A. , ROMANO MARC D. , ROBARDS MARTIN D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non‐spawning adult and larval capelin in Glacier Bay, an estuarine fjord system in southeastern Alaska. We used principal components analysis to analyze midwater trawl and beach seine data collected between 1999 and 2004 with respect to oceanographic data and other measures of physical habitat including proximity to tidewater glaciers and potential spawning habitat. Both spawning and non‐spawning adult Pacific capelin were more likely to occur in areas closest to tidewater glaciers, and those areas were distinguished by lower temperature, higher turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen and lower chlorophyll a levels when compared with other areas of the bay. The distribution of larval Pacific capelin was not sensitive to glacial influence. Pre‐spawning females collected farther from tidewater glaciers were at a lower maturity state than those sampled closer to tidewater glaciers, and the geographic variation in the onset of spawning is likely the result of differences in the marine habitat among sub‐areas of Glacier Bay. Proximity to cold water in Glacier Bay may have provided a refuge for capelin during the recent warm years in the Gulf of Alaska.
Migrations and hydrography determine the abundance fluctuations of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) in the Barents Sea
Authors: HEINO MIKKO , ENGELHARD GEORG H. , GODØ OLAV RUNE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Barents Sea is the north‐eastern fringe of the distribution of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou). Fluctuations in distribution and abundance of blue whiting in the area have been marked. Two hypotheses are put forward to explain these fluctuations. First, rich year classes in the main Atlantic stock of blue whiting may contribute to increased abundance in the Barents Sea. Second, variations in hydrography, such as influx of warm Atlantic water, may be particularly important in this fringe area. We investigated these hypotheses using data from bottom trawl surveys conducted during the period 1981–2006. Variations in abundance (measured either as incidence or density) and distribution were correlated with recruitment in the Atlantic stock of blue whiting as well as hydrographic conditions. Regression analyses indicated that the abundance fluctuations are primarily determined by variations in recruitment of Atlantic blue whiting, a strong year class leading to high abundance in the Barents Sea the year after spawning. However, salinity anomaly in the Fugløya–Bear Island transect during the previous year, an indicator of high inflow of Atlantic water, had also a significant, positive effect. Thus, the data suggested a climatic modulation of dynamics that were primarily determined by recruitment of blue whiting in the main Atlantic stock. Analyses of size structure as well as earlier studies on population genetics supported this conclusion.
Hydrologic versus geomorphic limitation on CPOM storage in stream ecosystems
Authors: SMALL MELANIE J. , DOYLE MARTIN W. , FULLER RANDALL L. , MANNERS REBECCA B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary1. Stream ecosystems are the products of interactions between hydrology, geomorphology and ecology, but examining all three components simultaneously is difficult and rarely attempted. Frequently, either geomorphology or hydrology is treated as invariable or static.2. To examine the validity of treating either hydrology or geomorphology as static, we studied the individual and combined effects of hydrology and channel geomorphology on coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) storage. Using data from an experimental leaf release in a hydrologically regulated stream we created a simple numerical model. This allowed us to quantify the relative influence of CPOM trapping and CPOM retention on total long‐term CPOM storage under variable regimes of flood frequency and geomorphic structure.3. CPOM storage is a function of supply, flood frequency and the type and frequency of in‐stream structures. In‐stream structures perform two distinct functions, trapping and retention, whose relative importance in leaf storage changes with stream hydrology. Trapping is more important for CPOM storage in streams with few floods, while retention is more important in streams with frequent floods. Different structures (e.g. boulders, large wood, small wood) perform these functions at different efficiencies. We found that large wood trapped two to three times more leaves than the bank, but that the bank retained leaves two to three times more efficiently.4. A modelled channel with five times the amount of large wood as the study channel (a ‘wood restoration’) initially stored 14% more leaves than the modelled ‘natural’ channel. After six floods, however, the modelled wood restoration channel stored 50% less CPOM than the natural channel as the large wood had high trapping but poor retention. The modelled natural channel contained structures that could both trap and retain. Thus, as different structures performed different functions, the structural complexity buffered the stream allochthonous energy base against changes in hydrology through its balance of trapping and retention.5. As the frequency of floods increased, the spatial distribution of CPOM became increasingly patchy as storage was driven entirely by structures with high retention. Thus, the coupling of flood frequency and geomorphic structure influenced CPOM availability, which in turn has ramifications for the entire stream food web.
Effects of throughfall manipulation on soil nutrient status: results of 12 years of sustained wet and dry treatments
Authors: JOHNSON D. W. , TODD D. E. , HANSON P. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo investigate the potential effects of changing precipitation on forest ecosystems, the Throughfall Displacement Experiment (TDE) was established on Walker Branch Watershed, Tennessee, in 1993. Three different throughfall amounts were tested: −33% (DRY); ambient (no change, AMB); and +33% (WET). Throughfall manipulations had no statistically significant effects on total C, N, exchangeable Ca2+, Mg2+, bicarbonate‐extractable P, or extractable SO42− in soils after 12 years of sustained treatments. Increased K+ inputs in the WET treatment resulted in relative increases in exchangeable K+compared with the AMB and DRY treatments. Soil C, N, and extractable P declined in all treatments over the 12‐year study, and the declines in N were inexplicably large. Field observations contrasted with earlier simulations from the Nutrient Cycling Model (NuCM), which predicted greater decreases in exchangeable K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and extractable P in the order WET>AMB>DRY, and no change in C, N, and extractable SO42−. The failure of the NuCM model to accurately predict observed changes is attributed to the lack of mechanisms for deep rooting and the transfer of throughfall K+ from one plot to another in the model. Measurements of element availability using resin membranes during the final years showed higher values in wet and lower values in dry treatments compared with ambient conditions for mineral N, K, Mn, Zn, and Al, but the opposite for B, Ca, and Mg. In the cases of Ca and Mg, the patterns in resin values were similar to those at the soil exchange sites (greatest in the dry treatment) and appeared to reflect pretreatment differences. This study showed that while longer term changes in soil nutrients are likely to occur with changes in precipitation, potential changes over this 12‐year interval were buffered by ecosystem processes such as deep rooting.
GLOBE students, teachers, and scientists demonstrate variable differences between urban and rural leaf phenology
Authors: GAZAL RICO , WHITE MICHAEL A. , GILLIES ROBERT , RODEMAKER ELI , SPARROW ELENA , GORDON LESLIE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe urban heat island effect, classically associated with high impervious surface area (ISA), low vegetation fractional cover (Fr), and high land surface temperature (LST), has been linked to changing patterns of vegetation phenology, especially spring growth. In this study, a collaboration with the Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) program, we investigated the effect of the urban environment on the timing of leaf budburst of native deciduous trees in seven cities: Asia (Tokyo, Japan; Bangkok and Korat, Thailand), Europe (Jyväskylä, Finland; Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan), Africa (Dakar, Senegal), and North America (Fairbanks, Alaska). The cities differed not only in population size but also in climate and vegetation type. Using Landsat satellite imagery from each city, we calculated LST, Fr, and ISA, and classified sites within each study area as rural or urban. The timing of leaf flushing, measured by students using GLOBE budburst protocols, was statistically different within all cities, with absolute differences ranging from 1 to 23 days. We assessed the classic urban phenology paradigm, which proposes higher LST, lower Fr, and earlier budburst in urban areas of temperate cities. Of the four temperate cities, Tokyo followed the classic paradigm, but no other city demonstrated consistent support. Urban budburst was advanced in three of the four temperate cities, but in only one of the three tropical cities. Results suggest that while vegetation phenology is consistently different between urban and rural areas, a uniform paradigm based on the explanatory variables in this study did not emerge. Although not testable here, it is likely that alterations to chilling requirements in temperate climates and humidity in tropical climates may also influence observed budburst differences.
Desmoplasia in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a reliable indicator of metastatic potential
Authors: Koperek O , Scheuba C , Cherenko M , Neuhold N , De Micco C , Schmid K W , Niederle B , Kaserer K 
Published: March 2008

Aims:  To evaluate the reliability of desmoplasia as a reproducible morphological parameter indicating the metastatic potential of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).Methods and results:  One hundred and twenty cases of MTC of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria and 76 cases from the School of Medicine of Marseille, France were analysed for the presence of desmoplastic stroma reaction by four endocrine pathologists. Intra‐ and interobserver concordance was assessed. The Austrian cases were also analysed for various morphological parameters. Intra‐ and interobserver concordance were highly significant with a κ value of 0.883 for intra‐observer reliability and 0.837, 0.79 and 0.758, respectively, when pathologists N.N., C.D.M. and K.W.S. reviewed the Austrian cases. The cases from France were reviewed by C.D.M. and K.K. with a κ value of 0.759. None of the cases that were categorized as desmoplasia negative by any of the investigators showed lymph node metastasis. No other distinct morphological characteristics could be assigned to the MTCs without desmoplasia.Conclusions:  Our data indicate desmoplasia to be a reliable and highly reproducible parameter with regard to lymph node metastatic potential.
Is knowledge a barrier to implementing low back pain guidelines? Assessing the knowledge of Israeli family doctors
Authors: Dahan Rachel , Reis Shmuel , Borkan Jeffry , Brown Judith‐Bell , Hermoni Doron , Mansor Nadia , Harris Stewart 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Objectives  To measure knowledge of Israeli low back pain (LBP) clinical practice guidelines among different subgroups of primary care doctors, prior to designing an intervention programme to enhance guideline adherence in practice.
Study design  Confidential mailed survey questionnaire.
Setting  Family practices in the Haifa and western Galilee district, Israel.
Participants  Random sample of 163 primary care doctors. A total of 134 doctors (82%) completed the questionnaire.
Main outcome measures  A Multiple Choice Questionnaire measuring knowledge of the LBP guidelines. Instrument reliability and inter‐item reliability were tested in a pilot phase. Content validity was assured by having the Israeli LBP guideline authors involved in a consensus procedure.
Results  Distribution of test scores significantly differentiated professional levels and background variables, demonstrating the instrument reliability. Cronbach’s alpha was above 0.91. The average test score was 67.7 [standard deviation (SD) 16.2], family doctors had average scores of 75.2 (SD 9.8), general practitioners (GPs) 57.9 (SD 19) and family practice residents 67.4 (SD 13.2). The difference between the test average scores of family doctors, GPs and residents was significant (P < 0.001). Significant differences were also found for specific variables including the doctor’s age, country of medical training and self‐report familiarity with the LBP guidelines.
Conclusions  Striking differences exist between subgroups of primary care doctors regarding their knowledge of LBP guidelines. These differences will require the design of multiple interventions tailored to each subgroup.