bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Behavioral Objectives for Perioperative Staff Development
Authors: Beitz Janice M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBehavioral objectives (ie, clear statements that describe intended instructional outcomes) are a crucial component of educational planning for perioperative staff development. Properly written objectives promote positive learning outcomes such as increased motivation, better retention of information, and improved instructional accountability. This article describes the advantages of using behavioral objectives, gives a historical perspective of their development, presents a practical “how‐to” approach to formulating them, and delineates their link to the selection of appropriate evaluation methods.
Increasing OR Efficiency with a Specialty Services Manual
Authors: Au Yue‐Kong , Bynum Patrick S. , Poole Tammy 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe successful operation of a modern ophthalmology OR is dependent on a knowledgeable, well‐educated nursing staff. To improve communication and teamwork between ophthalmology surgeons and nursing staff members at the Louisiana State University Medical Center‐University Hospital, Shreveport, we developed an OR manual. We reduced our level of frustration by producing a manual that facilitates the day‐to‐day operation of the surgical services department. The manual provides consistent information for our ophthalmic surgical procedures; functions as a reference source; and promotes an efficient, productive OR. Although we designed this manual for the ophthalmology surgical service at our medical center, its structure can be applied to other surgical specialties.
Transcultural Perioperative Nursing in Berlin
Authors: Vane Betsy , Singleton Carolyn J. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPolitical events and military base closures in the early 1990s caused the US Army Hospital, Berlin, to extend care to include British military forces and to contract the services of civilian German surgeons and nurses. This article describes transcultural perioperative nursing in Berlin from 1991 to 1994. It also compares the differences between American, British, and German military and civilian expectations of OR nurses, anesthesia care providers, and surgeons and explores nursing education, licensing, practice issues, and socialized medicine in a transcultural environment. AORN J 63 (March 1996) 533–544.
Promoting Perioperative Nursing through International Cooperation
Authors: Hendel Tova , Nomberg Malka 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTAdequate development of human resources is a challenge facing all societies and nations, especially those in transition from one development stage to another. Through international cooperation programs, perioperative nurses can share and exchange knowledge, experience, and expertise. They also can expand their clinical horizons, fostering collegiality and friendships and further advancing nursing professionalism internationally. In Israel, we developed and implemented a special, short‐term course for perioperative nurses from developing countries. Planners and participants found this course to be an outstanding experience. AORN J 63 (March 1996) 548–554.
Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Releases of Scoliotic Anterior Spines
Authors: Nymberg Susan M. , Crawford Alvin H. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTAnterior thoracic discectomy procedures with endplate ablations and posterior spinal fusions are advocated for patients with severe scoliosis. These surgical procedures traditionally are accomplished through extensive open thoracotomy incisions. At Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, surgical team members have used a minimally invasive procedure, video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), to release the anterior spines of patients with scoliosis. This surgical technique has many benefits, including reduced blood loss, decreased postoperative pain, and improved postoperative pulmonary function. Perioperative nurses play key roles in the team approach to patient care through provision of preoperative education programs for patients and family members, organization of OR equipment, anticipation of possible intraoperative complications, and postoperative patient care planning. The implementation of a VATS program within an institution requires a significant financial investment and a long‐term commitment to the ongoing education of OR personnel. AORN J 63 (March 1996) 561–575.
You Can Be in Jeopardy
Authors: Ford Donna A. , Brown Dianne M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTClinical nurse educators are challenged continually to develop interesting and meaningful education sessions for staff members. At the Mayo Medical Center, Rochester, Minn, clinical nurse educators in the surgical services department created an education session based on the television game show Jeopardy. Staff members found they could remember information presented during the education session more easily because of the game show format. AORN J 63 (March 1996) 583–589.
A Perioperative Elective for College Credit
Authors: Brown Margaret B. , Hill Beryl J. , Brouse Suzanne H. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe authors developed a collaborative perioperative elective course between the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, and Indiana University Southeast, New Albany. The course is for students studying for bachelor of science degrees in nursing and is offered as a four‐hour elective. The course allows nursing students to participate more in surgical procedures; learn the proper use, care, and cleaning of surgical instruments; and learn nursing theory. Students' and staff members' responses have been favorable. AORN J 63 (March 1996) 590–598.
Effect of Continuously Warmed IV Fluids on Intraoperative Hypothermia
Authors: Ellis‐Stoll C.C. , Anderson C. , Cantu L.G. , Englert S.J. , Carlile W.E. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe investigators examined the effect of infusing continuously warmed (ie, 37.0° C [98.6° F]) IV fluids in two groups of middle‐aged female patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures. They hypothesized that increasing IV fluid temperature during surgery would decrease patients' risk for hypothermia. One group of patients received prewarmed IV fluids that cooled to room temperature during surgery. The second group received IV fluids that were warmed continuously by a fluid warmer during the surgical procedures. Analyses of covariance, with the first intraoperative temperature measurement treated as the covariate, revealed nonsignificant results at the P <.05 level. The results suggest that administering continuously warmed IV fluids intraoperatively has no significant effect on maintaining patients' body temperatures during short laparoscopic surgical procedures. AORN J 63 (March 1996) 599–606.
Application of Prediction Levels to OR Scheduling
Authors: Dexter Franklin 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTMany perioperative managers record operating room times (ORTs) and use average ORTs to facilitate scheduling of elective surgical procedures. A second statistic, the upper 95% prediction level (ie, 95% chance the next ORT will be less than the upper prediction level) can be calculated from previous ORTs and used in scheduling elective procedures. The author used eight elective surgical procedures to test a distribution‐free method for calculating ORT upper prediction levels. Upper prediction levels can provide perioperative managers better knowledge than average ORTs to facilitate decision making during the scheduling of elective surgical procedures. This method can be used to find upper prediction levels for any desired measure of procedure duration (eg, surgeon, scheduled procedure‐specific times).AORN J63 (March 1996)607–615.
Sealing the Mouth of Outrage Notes on the Meaning and Intent of Hart's These from the land of Sinim
Authors: KING FRANK H. H. 
Published: August 2006

Seal up the mouth of outrage for a while,Till we can clear these ambiguities,And know their spring, their head, their true descent…And let mischance be clove to patience.–Shakespeare, Romeo and JulietSinim. A name…taken by many scholars as meaning China under the name Ts'in, but modern opinion mostly regards it as referring to Syene…–Couling, Encyclopaedia Sinica (1917)
Foreign Devils, Finance and Informal Empire: Britain and China c. 1900–1912
Authors: PHIMISTER IAN 
Published: August 2006

‘An imperial policy is essentially a commercial policy’(Charles Addis, 1905)‘Look at the way we have swindled the Chinese in the case of the Pekin Syndicate and still worse in the case of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company’(G.E. Morrison, 1906)
Markov Chain Monte Carlo Algorithm based metabolic flux distribution analysis on Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Kadirkamanathan Visakan , Yang Jing , Billings Stephen A. , Wright Phillip C. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Metabolic flux analysis via a 13C tracer experiment has been achieved using a Monte Carlo method with the assumption of system noise as Gaussian noise. However, an unbiased flux analysis requires the estimation of fluxes and metabolites jointly without the restriction on the assumption of Gaussian noise. The flux distributions under such a framework can be freely obtained with various system noise and uncertainty models.
Results: In this paper, a stochastic generative model of the metabolic system is developed. Following this, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach is applied to flux distribution analysis. The disturbances and uncertainties in the system are simplified as truncated Gaussian multiplicative models. The performance in a real metabolic system is illustrated by the application to the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum. The flux distributions are illustrated and analyzed in order to understand the underlying flux activities in the system.
Availability: Algorithms are available upon request.
Contact: visakan@sheffield.ac.uk
A new representation for protein secondary structure prediction based on frequent patterns
Authors: Birzele Fabian , Kramer Stefan 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Motivation: A new representation for protein secondary structure prediction based on frequent amino acid patterns is described and evaluated. We discuss in detail how to identify frequent patterns in a protein sequence database using a level-wise search technique, how to define a set of features from those patterns and how to use those features in the prediction of the secondary structure of a protein sequence using support vector machines (SVMs).
Results: Three different sets of features based on frequent patterns are evaluated in a blind testing setup using 150 targets from the EVA contest and compared to predictions of PSI-PRED, PHD and PROFsec. Despite being trained on only 940 proteins, a simple SVM classifier based on this new representation yields results comparable to PSI-PRED and PROFsec. Finally, we show that the method contributes significant information to consensus predictions.
Availability: The method is available from the authors upon request.
Contact: kramer@in.tum.de
Tropical—parameter estimation and simulation of reaction–diffusion models based on spatio-temporal microscopy images
Authors: Ulrich Markus , Kappel Constantin , Beaudouin Joel , Hezel Stefan , Ulrich Jochen , Eils Roland 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Summary: Tropical is a software for simulation and parameter estimation of reaction–diffusion models. Based on spatio-temporal microscopy images, Tropical estimates reaction and diffusion coefficients for user-defined models. Tropical allows the investigation of systems with an inhomogeneous distribution of molecules, making it well suited for quantitative analyses of microscopy experiments such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP).
Availability: Tropical is available free of charge for academic use at after signing a material transfer agreement.
Contact: r.eils@dkfz.de
Supplementary information:
iFold: a platform for interactive folding simulations of proteins
Authors: Sharma Shantanu , Ding Feng , Nie Huifen , Watson Daniel , Unnithan Aditya , Lopp Jameson , Pozefsky Diane , Dokholyan Nikolay V. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Summary: We built a novel web-based platform for performing discrete molecular dynamics simulations of proteins. In silico protein folding involves searching for minimal frustration in the vast conformational landscape. Conventional approaches for simulating protein folding insufficiently address the problem of simulations in relevant time and length scales necessary for a mechanistic understanding of underlying biomolecular phenomena. Discrete molecular dynamics (DMD) offers an opportunity to bridge the size and timescale gaps and uncover the structural and biological properties of experimentally undetectable protein dynamics. The iFold server supports large-scale simulations of protein folding, thermal denaturation, thermodynamic scan, simulated annealing and pfold analysis using DMD and coarse-grained protein model with structure-based Gō-interactions between amino acids.
Availability:
Contact: dokh@med.unc.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Configurational‐bias sampling technique for predicting side‐chain conformations in proteins
Authors: Jain Tushar , Cerutti David S. , McCammon J. Andrew 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPrediction of side‐chain conformations is an important component of several biological modeling applications. In this work, we have developed and tested an advanced Monte Carlo sampling strategy for predicting side‐chain conformations. Our method is based on a cooperative rearrangement of atoms that belong to a group of neighboring side‐chains. This rearrangement is accomplished by deleting groups of atoms from the side‐chains in a particular region, and regrowing them with the generation of trial positions that depends on both a rotamer library and a molecular mechanics potential function. This method allows us to incorporate flexibility about the rotamers in the library and explore phase space in a continuous fashion about the primary rotamers. We have tested our algorithm on a set of 76 proteins using the all‐atom AMBER99 force field and electrostatics that are governed by a distance‐dependent dielectric function. When the tolerance for correct prediction of the dihedral angles is a <20° deviation from the native state, our prediction accuracies for χ1 are 83.3% and for χ1 and χ2 are 65.4%. The accuracies of our predictions are comparable to the best results in the literature that often used Hamiltonians that have been specifically optimized for side‐chain packing. We believe that the continuous exploration of phase space enables our method to overcome limitations inherent with using discrete rotamers as trials.
Revisiting the Voronoi description of protein–protein interfaces
Authors: Cazals Frédéric , Proust Flavien , Bahadur Ranjit P. , Janin Joël 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe developed a model of macromolecular interfaces based on the Voronoi diagram and the related alpha‐complex, and we tested its properties on a set of 96 protein–protein complexes taken from the Protein Data Bank. The Voronoi model provides a natural definition of the interfaces, and it yields values of the number of interface atoms and of the interface area that have excellent correlation coefficients with those of the classical model based on solvent accessibility. Nevertheless, some atoms that do not lose solvent accessibility are part of the interface defined by the Voronoi model. The Voronoi model provides robust definitions of the curvature and of the connectivity of the interfaces, and leads to estimates of these features that generally agree with other approaches. Our implementation of the model allows an analysis of protein–water contacts that highlights the role of structural water molecules at protein–protein interfaces.
Model of the toxic complex of anthrax: Responsive conformational changes in both the lethal factor and the protective antigen heptamer
Authors: Tama Florence , Ren Gang , Brooks Charles L. , Mitra Alok K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe toxic complex of anthrax is formed when the monomeric protective antigen (PA) (83 kDa), while bound to its cell‐surface receptor, is first converted to PA63 heptamers (PA63h) following N‐terminal proteolytic cleavage, and then lethal (LF) (90 kDa) or edema factor (EF) binds to the heptamer. We report a “pseudoatomic” model for the complex of PA63h and full‐length LF determined by applying the normal‐mode flexible fitting procedure to a ∼18 Å cryo‐electron microscopy (EM) density map of the complex. The model describes the interacting surface that buries a total area of ∼10,140 Å2 comprising ∼40% charged, and ∼30% each of polar and hydrophobic residues. For the heptamer, the buried surface, composed of ∼110 residues, involves primarily three monomers and includes for two, similar stretches of the polypeptide chain from domain 1. For LF, the interface again involves ∼110 residues, mostly from the N‐terminal domain I (LFN), and the structurally homologous C‐terminal domain IV. Most interestingly, bound LF displays a marked conformational change resulting from a “collapse” of domains I, III, and IV on domain II, with the largest movement of ∼9 Å noted for domain I. On the other hand, primarily, rigid‐body movements, larger than ∼10 Å for three PA63 monomers, cause the hourglass‐shaped heptamer lumen to enlarge by as much as ∼50% near the middle of the molecule. Such concerted structural rearrangements in LF and the heptamer can facilitate ingress of the ligand into the heptamer lumen prior to unfolding and release through the PA63h channel formed in the acidic late endosomal membrane.
Comparative analysis and “expression space” coverage of the production of prokaryotic membrane proteins for structural genomics
Authors: Surade Sachin , Klein Markus , Stolt‐Bergner Peggy C. , Muenke Cornelia , Roy Ankita , Michel Hartmut 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMembrane proteins comprise up to one‐third of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, but only a very small number of membrane protein structures are known. Membrane proteins are challenging targets for structural biology, primarily due to the difficulty in producing and purifying milligram quantities of these proteins. We are evaluating different methods to produce and purify large numbers of prokaryotic membrane proteins for subsequent structural and functional analysis. Here, we present the comparative expression data for 37 target proteins, all of them secondary transporters, from the mesophilic organism Salmonella typhimurium and the two hyperthermophilic organisms Aquifex aeolicus and Pyrococcus furiosus in three different Escherichia coli expression vectors. In addition, we study the use of Lactococcus lactis as a host for integral membrane protein expression. Overall, 78% of the targets were successfully produced under at least one set of conditions. Analysis of these results allows us to assess the role of different variables in increasing “expression space” coverage for our set of targets. This analysis implies that to maximize the number of nonhomologous targets that are expressed, orthologous targets should be chosen and tested in two vectors with different types of promoters, using C‐terminal tags. In addition, E. coli is shown to be a robust host for the expression of prokaryotic transporters, and is superior to L. lactis. These results therefore suggest appropriate strategies for high‐throughput heterologous overproduction of membrane proteins.
Engineered lanthanide‐binding metallohomeodomains: Designing folded chimeras by modular turn substitution
Authors: Lim Sunghyuk , Franklin Sonya J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA series of chimeric metallohomeodomains are described, engineered by rational design of a flexible Ca/Ln binding site into a DNA‐binding scaffold. A modular turn‐substitution approach was used to create proteins that both bind DNA and lanthanide ions, while retaining the secondary structure of the full homeodomain (determined by circular dichroism [CD]). Four similar metallohomeodomains were designed (C1–C4), their structural stability predicted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of loop‐mutations into the known homeodomain structure, and each designed protein cloned, expressed, and purified using standard molecular biology techniques. Two of the four loop insertions resulted in folded, metal‐ and DNA‐binding proteins (EuC2 Kd = 2.1 ± 0.4 μM; EuC4 Kd = 3.2 ± 1.0 μM). These results show the successful incorporation of a metal site into a full protein domain, without compromising long‐range structure. This is an important achievement in biomolecular design, as it provides a critical starting point for exploring metallonuclease function and substrate accessibility in a well‐organized chimeric protein domain (rather than only in small HTH peptide systems).
Comparison of genetic models for analysing the effects of a PvuII polymorphism in the oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene on prolificacy in an Iberian × Meishan pig population
Authors: Braglia S. , Ramírez O. , Noguera J. L. , Tomás A. , Ovilo C. , Varona L. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryThe effect of a previously reported PvuII polymorphism in oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) was analysed in an F2 population of Iberian × Meishan pigs. We tested three hypotheses: (1) that a causal mutation was fixed in the parental populations, (2) that a causal mutation existed that was in complete linkage disequilibrium with the alleles of the PvuII polymorphism and (3) that a causal mutation existed in linkage disequilibrium within each parental population. The third model was the most plausible based on the available data. ESR1 alleles displayed different patterns of linkage disequilibrium with the causal mutation in each of the parental populations and the PvuII polymorphism was clearly not the causal mutation. As a consequence, the use of the ESR1 mutation for selection must be evaluated for a particular pig population before it is applied.