bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of synthesis and release of interleukin‐8 from human articular chondrocytes and cartilage explants
Authors: Recklies Anneliese D. , Golds Elaine E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. The activation of neutrophils in the joint space may contribute to the destruction of cartilage matrix observed in rheumatoid arthritis. The capacity of articular chondrocytes to synthesize and secrete interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and GROα, two potent neutrophil chemoattractant peptides, was investigated to determine whether cartilage itself could serve as a source of these small cytokines.Methods. Induction of IL‐8 and GRO protein was studied both at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and the protein level by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction and metabolic labeling, respectively.Results. Strong induction of IL‐8 was observed in primary cultures of articular chondrocytes as well as in cartilage explants stimulated with IL‐1β. The increased secretion of the IL‐8 protein was accompanied by corresponding increases in mRNA levels. In contrast to other connective tissue cells, a peptide corresponding in molecular size to the GRO proteins was only weakly induced in cartilage explants or primary chondrocyte cultures. However, mRNA for all 3 members of the GRO family was easily detectable in cultured chondrocytes following stimulation with IL‐1β. In explanted cartilage, mRNA for only GROγ was found to be induced. Newly synthesized IL‐8 was slowly released from cartilage explants over a prolonged time in culture.Conclusion. The results suggest that synthesis and secretion of the diverse members of the IL‐8/GRO family is regulated in a tissue‐specific or cell‐specific manner. The slow release of IL‐8 from articular cartilage following induction by IL‐1β could establish a chemotactic gradient toward the articular surface and mediate the migration and attachment of neutrophils and lymphocytes to this tissue.
Causal link between nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase overactivity and increased intracellular inorganic pyrophosphate generation demonstrated by transfection of cultured fibroblasts and osteoblasts with plasma cell membrane glycoprotein–1
Authors: Terkeltaub Robert , Rosenbach Michael , Fong Felicia , Goding James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. In subjects with idiopathic calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease, cartilage chondrocytes elaborate increased amounts of PPi. The mechanism of the intracellular PPi elevation is not known. Plasma membrane 5'‐nucleotide phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPPPH) activity also is elevated in chondrocytes and dermal fibroblasts of patients with idiopathic CPPD deposition disease. NTPPPH, as an ecto‐enzyme, could act within certain intracellular compartments. Thus, we hypothesized a potential causal link between increased NTPPPH activity and increased intracellular PPi.
Methods. Transformed simian fibroblasts (COS cells) and human osteoblasts (U2OS cells) were transfected with the 5'‐nucleotide phosphodiesterase I ectoenzyme plasma cell membrane glycoprotein–1 (PC‐1), recently shown to be expressed in cartilage, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts.
Results. Transfection with PC‐1 markedly upregulated 5'‐nucleotode phosphodiesterase I activity and increased intracellular PPi concentrations by increasing the capacity of cells to generate PPi. Importantly, this did not require supplementation with exogenous nucleotides.
Conclusion. Cellular overexpression of PC‐1 produces NTPPPH overactivity and increased intracellular PPi generation in vitro. These findings support the potential importance of NTPPPH overactivity in Pi generation, both inside and outside the cell, in some subjects with CPPD deposition disease.
Translation and validation of arthritis outcome measures into spanish
Authors: González Virginia M. , Stewart Anita , Ritter Philip L. , Lorig Kate 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To produce Spanish versions of common arthritis outcome measures: the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Disability Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Pain Severity Scale, the Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale for Pain and Other Symptoms (with the addition of 2 new items), the Visual Analogue Pain Scale, the MOS Self‐Rated Health Item, and a Physical Activities Scale that would be usable by most Hispanics living in the US. We tested these translated measures for reliability and, where appropriate, validity.Methods. Instruments were translated and back translated by bilingual persons from 5 different countries of origin. Translators met to resolve variations in translation. The instruments were then administered to Hispanic arthritis patients in 6 geographic locations (5 in the United States and 1 in Latin America). All instruments underwent standard psychometric testing. As appropriate, the sample was stratified by level of acculturation, nation of origin, and geographic location.Results. The translated instruments, with slight modification, met acceptable levels of reliability and validity. They are understood and easily usable by diverse Spanish‐speaking populations.Conclusion. The availability of these translated outcome measures should enable investigators to include monolingual Spanish‐speakers into their studies, and should facilitate study of cross‐cultural differences with respect to these specific outcomes.
Reduction of synovial inflammation after anti‐cd4 monoclonal antibody treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tak Paul P. , Van Der Lubbe Peter A. , Cauli Alberto , Daha Mohamed R. , Smeets Tom J. M. , Kluin Philip M. , Meinders A. Edo , Yanni Ghada , Panayi Gabriel S. , Breedveld Ferdinand C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To study the effect of chimeric anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapy on synovial inflammation, in order to interpret the clinical experience with anti‐CD4 treatment.Methods. The immunohistologic features of synovial biopsy specimens before and 4 weeks after anti‐CD4 MAb (cM‐T412) therapy were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The patients received intravenous doses of either placebo (n = 1) or 10 mg (n = 4), 25 mg (n = 2), or 50 mg (n = 1) of cM‐T412 daily for 5 consecutive days.Results. Although the patients did not experience clinical improvement, significant decreases in the number of circulating CD4+ cells, the degree of synovial inflammatory infiltration, and the mean scores for expression of adhesion molecules were found in the 7 patients 4 weeks after receiving cM‐T412. The scores for infiltration with CD4+ and other inflammatory cells were particularly reduced following treatment with either 25 mg or 50 mg cM‐T412. Cytokines, such as interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor α, could still be detected in the synovial tissue after treatment.Conclusion. The decline in the numbers of inflammatory cells and adhesion molecules in synovial tissue after CD4+ cell depletion supports the view that CD4+ T cells orchestrate local cellular infiltration. The lack of clinical effect of anti‐CD4 therapy might be explained by an insufficient decrease in the number of synovial CD4+ cells and by the persistence of cytokines. Determination of whether more adequate dosing would lead to a clinical improvement must await further study.
The incidence and natural history of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly, the framingham osteoarthritis study
Authors: Felson David T. , Zhang Yuqing , Hannan Marian T. , Naimark Allan , Weissman Barbara N. , Aliabadi Piran , Levy Daniel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine the incidence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and symptomatic OA (symptoms plus radiographic OA), as well as the rate of progression of preexisting radiographic OA in a population‐based sample of elderly persons.Methods. Framingham Osteoarthritis Study subjects who had knee radiographs and had answered questions about knee symptoms in 1983–1985 were reexamined in 1992–1993 (mean 8.1‐year interval) using the same protocol. Subjects were defined as having new (incident) radiographic OA if they developed grade ≤2 OA (at least definite osteophytes or definite joint space narrowing). New symptomatic OA was present if subjects developed a combination of knee symptoms and grade ≤2 OA. Progressive OA was diagnosed when radiographs showing grade 2 disease at baseline showed grade ≤3 disease on followup.Results. Of 1,438 participants in the original study, 387 (26.9%) died prior to followup. Of the 1,051 surviving subjects, 869 (82.7%) participated in the followup study (mean ± SD age 70.8 ± 5.0 at baseline). Rates of incident disease were 1.7 times higher in women than in men (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–2.7), and progressive disease occurred slightly more often in women (relative risk = 1.4; 95% CI 0.8–2.5) but rates did not vary by age in this sample. Among women, approximately 2% per year developed incident radiographic disease, 1% per year developed symptomatic knee OA, and about 4% per year experienced progres‐ sive knee OA.Conclusion. In elderly persons, the new onset of knee OA is frequent and is more common in women than men. However, among the elederly, age may not affect new disease occurrence or progression.
Which outcome measures should be used in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials?.
Authors: Buchbinder Rachelle , Bombardier Claire , Yeung Maria , Tugwell Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine the discriminant validity of the core set of outcome measures proposed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the Outcome Measures in Clinical Trials (OMERACT) conference committee to be used in clinical trials of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods. Utilizing data from a multicenter randomized double‐blind clinical trial of low‐dose cyclosporine and placebo in RA, we estimated the relative efficiency (RE) of measures to detect a treatment effect (relative to tender joint count, which was assigned a value of 1). Four pain measures (10‐cm visual analog scale [VAS], 5‐point categorical scale, Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ] pain index, Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales [AIMS] pain score) and 3 quality‐of‐life measures (Problem Elicitation Technique [PET], HAQ, AIMS) were compared.Results. Physician and patient global measures were the most responsive instruments, although neither was statistically superior to tender joint count. Swollen joint count, grip strength, pain measured on a 10‐cm VAS, and functional status as measured by the PET and HAQ were all of intermediate responsiveness. Morning stiffness, 5‐point pain scale, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were the least responsive instruments.Conclusion. This study provides further evidence to support the core set of outce measures proposed by the ACR and OMERACT.
Percentage of anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody‐coated lymphocytes in the rheumatoid joint is associated with clinical improvement. Implications for the development of immunotherapeutic dosing regimens
Authors: Choy Ernest H. S. , Pitzalis Costantino , Cauli Alberto , Bijl J. A. , Schantz Allen , Woody J. , Kingsley Gabrielle H. , Panayi Gabriel S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. We assessed the effect of a daily dosing schedule of the chimeric anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb), cM‐T412, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and compared lymphocyte changes in the peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of these patients.Methods. Twelve patients received 50 mg/day of cM‐T412 for 5 days, followed by a maintenance treatment of 50 mg/week for 5 weeks (6 patients), or a retreatment course of 50 mg/day for 5 days after 5 weeks (6 patients). Paired PB and SF samples were obtained during treatment for analysis.Results. Changes in lymphocyte count and coating with the MAb in PB did not reflect changes in the SF. After 5 daily treatments, the percentage of cM‐T412‐coated CD4+ lymphocytes in SF correlated with the degree of clinical improvement seen in patients at 2 weeks after the initiation of therapy (r = 0.75, P < 0.05).Conclusion. These results demonstrate the importance of antibody dosage and treatment regimen in determining clinical benefit. Our findings suggest that the percentage of cM‐T412‐coated CD4+ lymphocytes in SF may be a predictor of clinical outcome.
Relationship of running to musculoskeletal pain with age. A six‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Fries James F. , Singh Gurkirpal , Morfeld Dianne , O'Driscoll Peter , Hubert Helen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine, by longitudinal study, whether long‐distance running, maintained for many years, is associated with increased musculoskeletal pain with age.Methods. A 6‐year prospective longitudinal study of 410 runners' club members and 289 community controls, age 53‐75 years at study initiation, was conducted. Subjects were also categorized as ever‐runners (n = 488) and never‐runners (n = 211). The primary dependent variable was pain score as indicated on a horizontal double‐anchored analog scale; data for this variable were available beginning in 1987. Statistical adjustment for age, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, history of arthritis, and presence of other major medical conditions was done by analysis of covariance. Further analyses of previously reported associations of regular vigorous physical activity with decreased disability and mortality after 9 years were performed.Results. The degree of musculoskeletal pain was slightly lower in the exercise group compared with controls, and the difference was statistically significant for women but not for men. Average adjusted pain scores for men were 18.3 (SEM 0.8) in runners' club members, 20.2 (1.2) in controls, 18.6 (0.8) in ever‐runners, and 20.3 (1.6) in never‐runners. For women, these scores were 17.5 (1.8) in runners' club members versus 22.8 (1.4) in controls (P < 0.05), and 17.2 in ever runners versus 23.7 (1.5) in never‐runners (P < 0.002). Disability had continued to develop in runners' club members at a rate only one‐third that in the controls after 9 years of observation. Mortality over 9 years consisted of 51 deaths, of which 41 were in the control group and only 10 were among runners' club members.Conclusion. Vigorous running activity over many years is not associated with an increase in musculoskeletal pain with age, and there may be a moderate decrease in pain, particularly in women. Vigorous physical activity is associated with greatly decreased levels of disability and with decreased mortality rates.
Distal extremity swelling with pitting edema in polymyalgia rheumatica. Report of nineteen cases
Authors: Salvarani Carlo , Gabriel Sherine , Hunder Gene G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of diffuse distal extremity swelling with pitting edema occurring in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).Methods. Clinical features and laboratory findings were recorded for all 245 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota who developed PMR over a 22‐year period (1970–1991). Those who exhibited ≥1 episode of diffuse distal extremity edema with pitting were selected for this study, and were evaluated further.Results. Thirteen women and 6 men in this incidence cohort of PMR had ≥1 episode of distal extremity swelling with pitting edema. Giant cell arteritis was also identified in 5 patients. In 11 patients, the swelling and edema developed concurrently with proximal PMR symptoms. In 2 patients, the distal swelling was the initial manifestation, and in 6 patients, the distal symptoms developed during relapses or recurrences of PMR. Both upper and lower extremities were affected, usually in a symmetric manner. Other peripheral manifestations were also common. The distal swelling and pitting edema responded promptly to corticosteroids, and slowly or incompletely to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; a similar response was observed in the proximal symptoms. The distal swelling appeared to represent tenosynovitis and synovitis of regional structures.Conclusion. Distal extremity swelling with pitting edema represents a manifestation of PMR that has not been well described in previous studies. Awareness of this finding will help facilitate the proper diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy for this disease.
Cross‐cultural adaptation of a brief outcome questionnaire for Spanish‐speaking arthritis patients
Authors: Escalante Agustín , Galarza‐Delgado Dionisio , Beardmore Thomas D. , Baethge Bruce A. , Esquivel‐Valerio Jorge , Marines Ana Laura , Mingrone Michelle 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To cross‐culturally adapt a brief self‐assessment questionnaire to measure outcome among English‐ or Spanish‐speaking patients with arthritis.Methods. A questionnaire containing the following items was translated to Spanish: the 8 activities of daily living (ADL) questions of the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire; a question about the duration of morning stiffness; and a 10‐point pain scale. Equivalence to the original English, test–retest reliability, and construct, criterion, and discriminant validity were determined on a population of patients from 4 clinical centers.Results. English–Spanish equivalence and test–retest reliability of the questionnaire were almost perfect (intra‐class correlation coefficients [ri] ≥0.90 for each). Construct validity, measured by comparing questionnaire scores with an occupational therapist's evaluation, was also near‐perfect in both languages (ri = 0.93 for English and 0.89 for Spanish). Both versions of the questionnaire correlated well with the physician‐determined Steinbrocker functional class, as well as with the amount of pain, grip strength, and walking velocity. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia differed significantly in their pain: ADL ratios, in both languages.Conclusion. The items of the Spanish questionnaire that we have adapted are equivalent to the original English versions. This questionnaire is suitable for studying Spanish‐speaking subjects with arthritis in the US and elsewhere.
Healing phenomena of erosive changes in rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug therapy
Authors: Rau Rolf , Herborn Gertraud 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To describe radiographic healing phenomena and reparative changes of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods. Serial radiographs of 6 patients with erosive RA undergoing long‐term treatment with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were studied. Radiographs showing healing phenomena were reproduced, and examples of single joints are shown.Results. The examples show recortication of erosions, filling in of erosions with new bone, and secondary osteoarthrosis with bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation. Commonly used radiographic scoring methods do not have the capacity to account for these reparative changes.Conclusion. Healing phenomena can be observed in RA patients undergoing long‐term DMARD treatment. These phenomena can be regarded as clinical end points, and their assessment should be incorporated into existing standardized methods for radiologic evaluation and scoring of RA.
The mortality of rheumatoid vasculitis compared with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Voskuyl Alexandre E. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Westedt Marie Louise , Vandenbroucke Jan P. , Breedveld Ferdinand C. , Hazes Johanna M. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine whether the mortality of patients with rheumatoid vasculitis (RV) is increased in comparison with that of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods. The mortality of all RV patients identified in 1980–1992 (n = 61) was compared with that of 244 RA controls matched for the year the diagnosis was made in the RV cases. Hazard ratios (HR) of death were calculated with a multivariate survival analysis, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, treatment, and parameters of RA severity.Results. The unadjusted risk of death (HR) in RV patients compared with RA controls was 1.65 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.05–2.58). After adjustment for prognostic factors, the HR was reduced to 1.26 (95% CI 0.79–2.01), mainly due to removal of the effects of age and sex. No excess mortality was seen in RV patients with severe organ involvement when compared with RV patients without severe organ involvement, although the former patients were treated more often with cytostatic and immunosuppressive drugs. Infection was the main cause of death in the RV patients, and cardiovascular disease in the RA controls. Vasculitis was reported as the cause of death in only 1 RV patient.Conclusion. After allowance for general risk factors such as age and sex, there remains only a slight excess mortality in RV patients compared with RA controls.
Long‐term followup of patients with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Kruize Aike A. , Hené Ronald J. , van der Heide Agnes , Bodeutsch Cliff , De Wilde Peter C. M. , van Bijsterveld O. Paul , de Jong Jan , Feltkamp T. E. W. , Kater Louis , Bijlsma Johannes W. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To assess long‐term outcome in patients with isolated keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and secondary SS.Methods. In 112 patients referred because of dry eyes, an ophthalmologic diagnosis of KCS was made based on results of the Schirmer I test, the tear fluid lysozyme concentration, and rose bengal staining. Subsequent assessments, including sublabial salivary gland biopsy, were performed. Followup assessments were performed 10–12 years after initial diagnosis.Results. Six patients were excluded because no biopsy specimen was available. Seventy‐three percent of the remaining 106 patients were female, with a mean age of 53.5 years and a mean symptom duration of 3.9 years. Application of the 1987 classification criteria of Daniels and Talal revealed a diagnosis of isolated KCS in 56 patients, primary SS in 31, and secondary SS in 19. At baseline, 2 of 56 patients with isolated KCS and 8 of 31 with primary SS exhibited mild features of organ‐specific autoimmune disease. At followup, 2 of 38 patients with isolated KCS and 4 of 21 with primary SS had developed new features related to autoimmune disease, not necessitating treatment with corticosteroids; none of the patients developed major glandular complications. Three of 30 patients with primary SS died of malignant lymphoma. In 1 of these patients, the possibility could not be excluded that sicca symptoms and infiltrates seen on sublabial salivary gland biopsy had occurred concomitantly with early stages of lymphoma. Malignant lymphoma did not develop in any of the patients with isolated KCS or secondary SS.Conclusion. Primary Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by a stable and rather mild course of glandular and extraglandular manifestations, in marked contrast to the increased risk for development of malignant lymphoma in these patients. Since patients with isolated KCS do not have an increased risk for development of malignant lymphoma, a presumptive diagnosis of primary SS should be confirmed in patients with sicca syndrome.