bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among young people living with HIV in Sub Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nasuuna Esther M , Nanyenya Nicholus , Kibirige Davis , Izudi Jonathan , Chikwari Chido Dziva , Kalyesubula Robert , Castelnuovo Barbara , Tomlinson Laurie A , Weiss Helen A 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing among young people living with HIV (YPLHIV), with inconsistent estimates. Aggregated data on the prevalence of CKD are needed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to inform strategies for early diagnosis and management. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of CKD among YPLHIV in SSA.MethodsWe searched Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online for articles reporting the prevalence of CKD among YPLHIV in SSA using predefined search strategies up to 15thJanuary 2024. The reference lists of identified articles were checked for additional eligible studies. The eligibility criteria were studies among YPHLIV aged 10-24 years reporting CKD prevalence defined by either glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) or proteinuria. We used a narrative synthesis to report differences between the included studies. The DerSimonian-Liard random effects model was used to pool the CKD prevalence, and heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q-test and I-squared values. We assessed the risk of bias in each article using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and publication bias in a funnel plot and Egger’s test.ResultsOf 802 retrieved articles, 16 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 13 (86.7%) were cross-sectional studies that used estimated GFR to diagnose CKD. Only two studies followed the standard definition of CKD. The pooled CKD prevalence was 12.1% (95% CI 6.5-19.2%), ranging from 0.8% to 53.1% according to the definition used, with a high degree of heterogeneity (I2=97.5%, p<0.001). The included studies were of moderate quality, with no evidence of publication bias. Sensitivity analysis showed that the findings were robust to the methodological and analytic approach.ConclusionCKD prevalence among YPLHIV is moderately high and highly heterogeneous across SSA. The standard definition of CKD should be used to enable estimation of CKD prevalence in different studies and settings. HIV programs enrolling YPLHIV should routinely screen for CKD to ensure early diagnosis and management.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022347588.
Recurrent issues with deep neural network models of visual recognition
Authors: Maniquet Tim , Op de Beeck Hans , Costantino Andrea Ivan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObject recognition requires flexible and robust information processing, especially in view of the challenges posed by naturalistic visual settings. The ventral stream in visual cortex is provided with this robustness by its recurrent connectivity. Recurrent deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently emerged as promising models of the ventral stream, surpassing feedforward DNNs in the ability to account for brain representations. In this study, we asked whether recurrent DNNs could also better account for human behaviour during visual recognition. We assembled a stimulus set that included manipulations that are often associated with recurrent processing in the literature, like occlusion, partial viewing, clutter, and spatial phase scrambling. We obtained a benchmark dataset from human participants performing a categorisation task on this stimulus set. By applying a wide range of model architectures to the same task, we uncovered a nuanced relationship between recurrence, model size, and performance. While recurrent models reach higher performance than their feedforward counterpart, we could not dissociate this improvement from that obtained by increasing model size. We found consistency between humans and models patterns of difficulty across the visual manipulations, but this was not modulated in an obvious way by the specific type of recurrence or size added to the model. Finally, depth/size rather than recurrence makes model confusion patterns more human-like. Contrary to previous assumptions, our findings challenge the notion that recurrent models are better models of human recognition behaviour than feedforward models, and emphasise the complexity of incorporating recurrence into computational models.
Co-transcriptional splicing facilitates transcription of gigantic genes
Authors: Fingerhut Jaclyn M. , Lannes Romain , Whitfield Troy W. , Thiru Prathapan , Yamashita Yukiko M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough introns are typically tens to thousands of nucleotides, there are notable exceptions. In flies as well as humans, a small number of genes contain introns that are more than 1000 times larger than typical introns, exceeding hundreds of kilobases (kb) to megabases (Mb). It remains unknown why gigantic introns exist and how cells overcome the challenges associated with their transcription and RNA processing. TheDrosophilaY chromosome contains some of the largest genes identified to date: multiple genes exceed 4Mb, with introns accounting for over 99% of the gene span. Here we demonstrate that co-transcriptional splicing of these gigantic Y-linked genes is important to ensure successful transcription: perturbation of splicing led to the attenuation of transcription, leading to a failure to produce mature mRNA. Cytologically, defective splicing of the Y-linked gigantic genes resulted in disorganization of transcripts within the nucleus suggestive of entanglement of transcripts, likely resulting from unspliced long RNAs. We propose that co-transcriptional splicing maintains the length of nascent transcripts of gigantic genes under a critical threshold, preventing their entanglement and ensuring proper gene expression. Our study reveals a novel biological significance of co-transcriptional splicing.
Cardiovascular and vasomotor pulsations in the brain and periphery during awake and NREM sleep in a multimodal fMRI study
Authors: Tuunanen Johanna , Helakari Heta , Huotari Niko , Väyrynen Tommi , Järvelä Matti , Kananen Janne , Kivipää Annastiina , Raitamaa Lauri , Ebrahimi Seyed-Mohsen , Kallio Mika , Piispala Johanna , Kiviniemi Vesa , Korhonen Vesa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe glymphatic brain clearance mechanism convects brain cerebrospinal fluid driven by physiological pulsations such as cardiovascular and very low-frequency (VLF < 0.1 Hz) vasomotor waves. Presently, ultrafast functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) facilitates the measurement of these signals from both venous and arterial compartments. In this study, we compared the interaction of these two pulsations in awake and sleep using fMRI and peripheral fingertip photoplethysmography in both arterial and venous signals in ten subjects (5 female). Sleep increased the power of brain cardiovascular pulsations, decreased peripheral pulsation and desynchronized them. Vasomotor waves, however, increase in both power and synchronicity in brain and peripheral signals during sleep. Peculiarly, vasomotor lag reversed in sleep within the default mode network vs. peripheral signal. Finally, sleep synchronized cerebral arterial vasomotion measured with cardiovascular hemodynamic envelope (CHe) vs. venous blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals in parasagittal brain tissue. These changes in power and pulsation synchrony may reflect differential changes in vascular control between the periphery and brain vasculature, while the increased synchrony of arterial and venous compartments may reflect increased convection of neurofluids in parasagittal areas in sleep.Statement of SignificanceThis study shows that while sleep attenuated the cardiovascular synchrony and powers of pulsatility between the periphery and brain, it also increased brain tissue synchrony of venous and arterial vasomotor waves, specifically in the parasagittal regions. The study also shows that vasomotor waves increased in the human brain and the periphery during NREM sleep. Thus, sleep induces a whole-body vasomotor synchronization where the initiation of peripheral vasomotor waves is preceded within the default mode network area. Based on these results, we suggest that the synchronization of vasomotor waves may be a significant contributor to the enhancement of glymphatic fluid exchange in the human brain during sleep.
Spinal Cord Elongation Enables Proportional Regulation of the Zebrafish Posterior Body
Authors: Saunders Dillan , Camacho Carlos , Steventon Benjamin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEarly embryos display a remarkable ability to regulate the patterning of tissues in response to changes in tissue size. However, it is not clear whether this ability continues into post-gastrulation stages upon cell commitment to distinct germ layers. Here, we performed targeted removal of neural fated cells in the zebrafish tailbud using multi-photon ablation. This led to a proportional reduction in the length of both the spinal cord and paraxial mesoderm in the tail, revealing a capacity to regulate tissue morphogenesis across multiple tissues to build a well-proportioned posterior body. Following analysis of cell proliferation, gene expression, signalling and cell movements, we found no evidence of cell fate switching from mesoderm to neural fate to compensate for neural progenitor loss. Furthermore, we found that tail paraxial mesoderm length is not reduced upon direct removal of an equivalent number of mesoderm progenitors, ruling out the hypothesis that neuromesodermal competent cells enable proportional regulation. Instead, reduction in the numbers of cells across the spinal cord reduces both spinal cord and paraxial mesoderm length. We conclude that spinal cord elongation is a driver of paraxial mesoderm elongation in the zebrafish posterior body and that this can explain proportional regulation of both tissues upon neural progenitor reduction.
The cytokine receptor Fn14 is a molecular brake on neuronal activity that mediates circadian functionin vivo
Authors: Ferro Austin , Arshad Anosha , Boyd Leah , Stanley Tess , Berisha Adrian , Vrudhula Uma , Gomez Adrian M. , Borniger Jeremy C. , Cheadle Lucas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo survive, organisms must adapt to a staggering diversity of environmental signals, ranging from sensory information to pathogenic infection, across the lifespan. At the same time, organisms intrinsically generate biological oscillations, such as circadian rhythms, without input from the environment. While the nervous system is well-suited to integrate extrinsic and intrinsic cues, how the brain balances these influences to shape biological function system-wide is not well understood at the molecular level. Here, we demonstrate that the cytokine receptor Fn14, previously identified as a mediator of sensory experience-dependent synaptic refinement during brain development, regulates neuronal activity and function in adult mice in a time-of-day-dependent manner. We show that a subset of excitatory pyramidal (PYR) neurons in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus increase Fn14 expression when neuronal activity is heightened. Once expressed, Fn14 constrains the activity of these same PYR neurons, suggesting that Fn14 operates as a molecular brake on neuronal activity. Strikingly, differences in PYR neuron activity between mice lacking or expressing Fn14 were most robust at daily transitions between light and dark, and genetic ablation of Fn14 caused aberrations in circadian rhythms, sleep-wake states, and sensory-cued and spatial memory. At the cellular level, microglia contacted fewer, but larger, excitatory synapses in CA1 in the absence of Fn14, suggesting that these brain-resident immune cells may dampen neuronal activity by modifying synaptic inputs onto PYR neurons. Finally, mice lacking Fn14 exhibited heightened susceptibility to chemically induced seizures, implicating Fn14 in disorders characterized by hyperexcitation, such as epilepsy. Altogether, these findings reveal that cytokine receptors that mediates inflammation in the periphery, such as Fn14, can also play major roles in healthy neurological function in the adult brain downstream of both extrinsic and intrinsic cues.HighlightsNeuronal activity inducesFn14expression in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampusFn14 constrains neuronal activity near daily transitions between light and darkLoss of Fn14 lengthens the endogenous circadian period and disrupts sleep-wake states and memoryMicroglia contact excitatory synapses in an Fn14-dependent manner
Krylov complexity of modular Hamiltonian evolution
Authors: Caputa Pawel , Magan Javier M. , Patramanis Dimitrios , Tonni Erik 
Published: April 2024

We investigate the complexity of states and operators evolved with the modular Hamiltonian by using the Krylov basis. In the first part, we formulate the problem for states and analyze different examples, including quantum mechanics, two-dimensional conformal field theories and random modular Hamiltonians, focusing on relations with the entanglement spectrum. We find that the modular Lanczos spectrum provides a different approach to quantum entanglement, opening new avenues in many-body systems and holography. In the second part, we focus on the modular evolution of operators and states excited by local operators in two-dimensional conformal field theories. We find that, at late modular time, the spread complexity is universally governed by the modular Lyapunov exponent λLmod=2π and is proportional to the local temperature of the modular Hamiltonian. Our analysis provides explicit examples where entanglement entropy is indeed not enough; however the entanglement spectrum is, and encodes the same information as complexity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Near-wall streamwise turbulence intensity as
Reτ→∞
Authors: Hwang Yongyun 
Published: April 2024

In this study, asymptotic scaling of near-wall streamwise turbulence intensity u′u′¯/uτ2 (uτ is the friction velocity) is theoretically explored. The three scalings previously proposed are first reviewed with their derivation and physical justification: (1) u′u′¯/uτ2∼lnReτ (Reτ is the friction velocity); (2) u′u′¯/uτ2∼1/U∞+ (U∞+ is the inner-scaled freestream velocity in boundary layer); (3) u′u′¯/uτ2∼Reτ−1/4. A new analysis is subsequently developed based on velocity spectrum, and two possible scenarios are identified based on the asymptotic behavior of the outer-scaling part of the near-wall velocity spectrum. In the former case, the outer-scaling part of the spectrum is assumed to reach a nonzero constant as Reτ→∞, and it results in the scaling of u′u′¯/uτ2∼lnReτ, both physically and theoretically consistent with the classical attached eddy model. In the latter case, a sufficiently rapid decay of the outer-scaling part of the spectrum with Re is assumed due to the effect of viscosity, such that u′u′¯/uτ2<∞ for all Reτ. The following analysis yields u′u′¯/uτ2∼1/lnReτ, asymptotically consistent with the scaling of u′u′¯/uτ2∼1/U∞+. The scalings are further verified with the existing simulation and experimental data and those from a quasilinear approximation [Holford ], the spectra of which all appear to favor u′u′¯/uτ2∼1/lnReτ, although new datasets for Reτ≳O(104) would be necessary to conclude this issue.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Almost Ricci–Yamabe soliton on contact metric manifolds
Authors: Khatri Mohan , Singh Jay Prakash 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThis paper aims to study almost Ricci–Yamabe soliton in the context of certain contact metric manifolds.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is designed as follows: In Section 3, a complete contact metric manifold with the Reeb vector field ξ as an eigenvector of the Ricci operator admitting almost Ricci–Yamabe soliton is considered. In Section 4, a complete K-contact manifold admits gradient Ricci–Yamabe soliton is studied. Then in Section 5, gradient almost Ricci–Yamabe soliton in non-Sasakian (k, μ)-contact metric manifold is assumed. Moreover, the obtained result is verified by constructing an example.FindingsWe prove that if the metric g admits an almost (α, β)-Ricci–Yamabe soliton with α ≠ 0 and potential vector field collinear with the Reeb vector field ξ on a complete contact metric manifold with the Reeb vector field ξ as an eigenvector of the Ricci operator, then the manifold is compact Einstein Sasakian and the potential vector field is a constant multiple of the Reeb vector field ξ. For the case of complete K-contact, we found that it is isometric to unit sphere S2n+1 and in the case of (k, μ)-contact metric manifold, it is flat in three-dimension and locally isometric to En+1 × Sn(4) in higher dimension.Originality/valueAll results are novel and generalizations of previously obtained results.
OpenMP-based parallel MLPG solver for analysis of heat conduction
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Singh Krishna Mohan 
Published: April 2024

PurposeIn the present work, we focus on developing an in-house parallel meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) code for the analysis of heat conduction in two-dimensional and three-dimensional regular as well as complex geometries.Design/methodology/approachThe parallel MLPG code has been implemented using open multi-processing (OpenMP) application programming interface (API) on the shared memory multicore CPU architecture. Numerical simulations have been performed to find the critical regions of the serial code, and an OpenMP-based parallel MLPG code is developed, considering the critical regions of the sequential code.FindingsBased on performance parameters such as speed-up and parallel efficiency, the credibility of the parallelization procedure has been established. Maximum speed-up and parallel efficiency are 10.94 and 0.92 for regular three-dimensional geometry (343,000 nodes). Results demonstrate the suitability of parallelization for larger nodes as parallel efficiency and speed-up are more for the larger nodes.Originality/valueFew attempts have been made in parallel implementation of the MLPG method for solving large-scale industrial problems. Although the literature suggests that message-passing interface (MPI) based parallel MLPG codes have been developed, the OpenMP model has rarely been touched. This work is an attempt at the development of OpenMP-based parallel MLPG code for the very first time.
Hybrid algorithm for global optimization based on periodic selection scheme in engineering computation
Authors: Zhou Ting , Wei Yingjie , Niu Jian , Jie Yuxin 
Published: April 2024

PurposeMetaheuristic algorithms based on biology, evolutionary theory and physical principles, have been widely developed for complex global optimization. This paper aims to present a new hybrid optimization algorithm that combines the characteristics of biogeography-based optimization (BBO), invasive weed optimization (IWO) and genetic algorithms (GAs).Design/methodology/approachThe significant difference between the new algorithm and original optimizers is a periodic selection scheme for offspring. The selection criterion is a function of cyclic discharge and the fitness of populations. It differs from traditional optimization methods where the elite always gains advantages. With this method, fitter populations may still be rejected, while poorer ones might be likely retained. The selection scheme is applied to help escape from local optima and maintain solution diversity.FindingsThe efficiency of the proposed method is tested on 13 high-dimensional, nonlinear benchmark functions and a homogenous slope stability problem. The results of the benchmark function show that the new method performs well in terms of accuracy and solution diversity. The algorithm converges with a magnitude of 10-4, compared to 102 in BBO and 10-2 in IWO. In the slope stability problem, the safety factor acquired by the analogy of slope erosion (ASE) is closer to the recommended value.Originality/valueThis paper introduces a periodic selection strategy and constructs a hybrid optimizer, which enhances the global exploration capacity of metaheuristic algorithms.
The effects of environmental factors on user’s personal traits related to mobile payment adoption: a case study of Indonesia
Authors: Lisana Lisana , Handarkho Yonathan Dri 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the influence of environmental factors on individual personality traits associated with mobile paymens (MP) adoption using the technological personal environment (TPE) theory as a framework for the proposed theoretical model.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 736 feedback from respondents was used to validate the proposed model using structural equation modeling. The model comprises Trust and Self-efficacy to explain MP adoption from a personal trait perspective. Meanwhile, environmental aspects are represented by social influence, vendor regulations and network externalities.

Findings
The result indicates that self-efficacy has the most significant direct effect on user intention to use MP, followed in decreasing order of significance by social influence, trust, vendor regulations and network externalities. Furthermore, social influence is the most contributing aspect from the environmental area that influences user intention directly and indirectly through trust and self-efficacy as mediators. Meanwhile, the moderating effect analysis also found that gender moderates the effect of user self-efficacy on MP adoption.

Originality/value
This study fills the gap by comparing trust and self-efficacy and exploring how those factors are developed and affected by the environmental aspect of MP usage. It was discovered that self-efficacy was the most influential construct influencing the adoption of MP. Social influence was identified as the primary environmental factor that directly impacts user intention regarding MP usage. Furthermore, gender was shown as a moderator, as males place a higher value on self-efficacy as a factor affecting their intention to embrace MP in comparison to females.
The sleepless sentinel: factors that predict burnout and sleep quality in cybersecurity professionals
Authors: Reeves Andrew , Pattinson Malcolm , Butavicius Marcus 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which a sample of the Australian cybersecurity industry is impacted by burnout.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the review of the literature, this research investigates the following three hypotheses. Gender will significantly predict burnout scores. Those who identify as women will score higher on average than those who identify as men (because of being in a male-dominated industry). Self-reported burnout will differ across job roles. In addition, the authors expect these relationships to hold across the three dimensions of burnout, namely, emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and professional efficacy. Sleep quality will be associated with burnout.

Findings
Gender and job role were significant predictors of emotional exhaustion, but not depersonalisation or professional efficacy. The interaction between gender and job role was also significant. Senior managers experienced poorer quality sleep, and poorer sleep quality was associated with greater reported emotional exhaustion at work. For emotional exhaustion, female respondents who worked in security consultant roles tended to score higher than their male counterparts.

Practical implications
Left unaddressed, the high level of workplace burnout may add to the well-being and retention problems developing within the cybersecurity community. These results indicate that organisations should look to measure the well-being of their own cyber workforce and implement meaningful changes if they wish to keep their cyber talent and enable them to thrive at work.

Originality/value
This research paper is an extension of a previous paper by the same authors which is titled “Is Your CISO Burnt Out Yet”. This paper examined the demographic differences in workplace burnout among cybersecurity professionals.