bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeontology of the Pleistocene Knocknasilloge Member, Co. Wexford. Ireland
Authors: Thomas G. S. P. , Kerr P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Pleistocene Knocknasilloge Member, an upward coarsening sequence of massive and laminated muds to cross‐laminated fine sands and silts, was deposited in a series of shallow lacustrine basins formed at the retreating margin of the Late Devensian Irish Sea ice‐sheet. Sedimentary successions mark increased proximity to a sediment input source and a shift from lake floor suspension sedimentation to bottom traction in low‐angled prodelta foresets and distributary barmouth channels. The microfauna contained within the sequence is derived from preexisting climatic stages and there is no evidence to support either an in situ interglacial or glaciomarine origin, as previously proposed.
The occurrence of hydrocarbons in Cambrian sandstones of the Welsh Borderland
Authors: Parnell John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHydrocarbon shows occur in Cambrian sandstones in the Welsh Borderland. In Shropshire, sandstones of the Upper Comley Group in particular contain hydrocarbons infilling residual primary porosity and secondary porosity after leaching of feldspars. In the Malvern Hills, the Hollybush Sandstone is locally black due to an impregnation by hydrocarbons. Evidence from the distribution of hydrocarbons in other Lower Palaeozoic rocks and in Precambrian rocks in Shropshire suggests that they have migrated from hydrocarbon‐bearing Carboniferous sandstones. However, the source of hydrocarbons for the Hollybush Sandstone may be the immediately superjacent Upper Cambrian black shales.
A review of sandstone illite cements and aspects of their significance to hydrocarbon exploration and development
Authors: Macchi L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCurrent understanding of the origin of illite cements within the pore systems of sandstone reservoirs is at best speculative whilst knowledge of the control of illite morpholoy is, to all practical purposes, non‐existent. This is unfortunate considering the widespread occurrence of illite and the often disastrous decrease in reservoir performance associated with its presence (up to 200‐fold decreases in permeability have been recorded from aeolian sandstones of the U.K. southern North Sea for example). An advanced knowledge of the origin of this clay mineral is thus of considerable importance to the future of the hydrocarbon exploration and production industry. This paper presents an assessment of sandstone illite morphotypes and reviews the mechanisms which have been proposed for their formation.
Strain fields and foliation trajectories around pre‐, syn‐, and post‐tectonic plutons in coaxially deformed terranes
Authors: Mandal Nibir , Chakraborty Chandan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper determines, using simple mathematical models, maps of strain fields and foliation trajectories in the neighbourhood of plutonic bodies intruded into a region before, during, and after a lateral compression. The analyses reveal contrasting features for the three cases, which may be useful in distinguishing pre‐, syn‐, and post‐tectonic plutons in coaxially deformed terranes.The theoretically calibrated strain variation curve, along the regional shortening direction, around a pretectonic, rigid plutonic body shows a zone of strain increase (relative to the far‐field strain), whereas that around a syntectonic pluton shows a zone of strain decrease along with a zone of strain increase. The foliations deflect outward from a pretectonic pluton, but they bend towards a syntectonic pluton. The analysis also reveals that syntectonic plutons are likely to be elliptical in plan with axial ratio directly dependent on the ratio of the pluton's stress to the tectonic stress.Tectonic foliations deflect away from post‐tectonic plutons. However, the foliated area around a post‐tectonic pluton is systematically divided into two sets of zones one characterized by foliations showing compressional features, the other showing extensional features.
A revision of the age of the hen‐dy‐capel ooidal ironstone (ordovician), llanengan, N. Wales
Authors: Young T. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPendent didymograptid graptolites are described from mudstones immediately overlying the Hen‐dy‐capel ironstone (St. Tudwal's Peninsula, Lly̌n, North Wales). The graptolites indicate a Llanvirn age for these beds, implying a Llanvirn or Arenig age for the ironstone, in contrast with the previous interpretation of a gracilis Biozone age. The redating of the ironstone horizon suggests that the Pen‐y‐gaer mudstones may be at the base of the local Nant Ffrancon Formation, rather than being equivalent to the lower Caradoc Tyddyn Dicwm beds above the Tremadog ironstone as widely supposed. The ironstones at Trefor, Betws Garmon, and Llandegai, which have been correlated with the Hen‐dy‐capel ironstone on the basis of acritarch assemblages, may also have a similar age. A reinterpretation of the age of these localities as Llanvirn would remove the stratigraphic problems introduced by their previously suggested early gracilis Biozone age. The Hen‐dy‐capel ironstone forms one of a large number of ironstones recorded from close to the Arenig‐Llanvirn boundary in N. Wales, and elsewhere at high southern palaeolatitudes.
Terrane sutures in the Maine Appalachians, USA and adjacent areas
Authors: Pollock Stephen G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTerrane sutures in the Maine Appalachians and adjacent areas are recognized as melange dominated, deformed accretionary prisms of Ordovician age, and as a broad synmetamorphic transcurrent fault zone of probable Late Silurian‐Early Devonian age. Although the accretionary prisms are associated with present day aeromagnetic and Bouguer gravity anomalies, they are probably not associated with present day crustal penetrating boundaries. The geology of the accretionary prisms indicates subduction‐obduction dominated regimes during which (1) the Gander and Boundary Mountain (Dunnage) terranes amalgamated and (2) the composite Boundary Mountain‐Gander terrane accreted to the Laurentian margin. The Penobscottian orogeny produced and deformed the older of the two accretionary prisms. This accretionary prism indicates that the Penobscottian was a continuous or perhaps diachronous event which spanned the late Cambrian to early Late Ordovician. The younger accretionary prism was produced and deformed during the Taconian orogeny during late Middle to early Late Ordovician. Initial deformation of this accretionary prism may have overlapped the waning stages of the Penobscottian. Portions of the Taconian arc locally overlie the Penobscottian accretionary prism.A synmetamorphic fault zone lies within Precambrian(?) to Ordovician(?) bimodal metavolcanic and metapelitic rocks assigned here to the Avalon terrane. This zone is several kilometres wide and is interpreted to be the postsubduction suture between the Avalon and Gander terranes, and may, in part, represent a fossil transform fault system. The fault zone contains phyllonites as well as shear zones which generally record dextral motion. The phyllonites were previously interpreted as a stratigraphic unit, whereas the shear zones span or are contained within mappable compositional units. Formation of and movement along these phyllonites and shear zones ceased before the intrusion of Early Devonian plutons. Not all faults in south‐western Maine are related to the suture. Younger dip and/or strike‐slip and thrust faults are approximately parallel to, or may lie within, the older shear zones and they complicate the recognition of the older faults.
Non‐periglacial stone stripes? An example from North Wales
Authors: Bennett Matthew R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA set of active stone stripes below a small debris cone in North Wales is described. In form they do not appear to resemble stone stripes described elsewhere. They are of particular note because their form is not controlled by conventional periglacial processes, but by stones moving downslope when sheep disturb the debris cone above. This downslope movement of stones has resulted in a complex pattern of stripes and horizontal terraces, the exact form of which appears to be controlled by probability. These observations add to the debate over the mode of formation of active stone stripes in Britain and the role of non‐periglacial processes.
Nested plutons as megageopetal structures: The Merrimac plutons, northern Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Guglielmo Giovanni 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContacts within nested plutons are crucial for constraining the relative timing of pluton emplacement and the internal geometry of composite plutons. Exposures in orogenic belts are commonly discontinuous, however, disguising these contacts. In this paper, the Merrimac plutons in the northern Sierra Nevada of California are used as an example of how composition and foliation patterns can allow the definition of unexposed contacts and identify nested plutons.Image analysis techniques were used to determine modal compositions of a total of 52 samples from the Merrimac plutons. The integrated analysis of compositional data and foliations patterns reveals a critical contact within the plutons, and suggests that the Merrimac plutons indicate way‐up towards the north‐east at the time of emplacement 142 ± 3 Ma ago. This paper provides guidelines for recognizing nested plutons in poorly exposed areas and shows that consistent structural and compositional assymmetries within nested plutons can be used as regional top‐direction indicators.
A natural example of mud diapirs formed in wet sediments
Authors: Cave R. , Rushton A. W. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSmall mudstone diapirs in multi‐layer Ordovician rocks near Llanwrtyd, Wales, match in anatomy those produced experimentally by Ramberg (1981) and Jackson and Talbot (1989). This appears to be the first record of natural examples at this scale, and they cast light on the relative viscosities of the sediments during early diagenesis.
An fMRI study of canonical and noncanonical word order in German
Authors: Bahlmann Jörg , Rodriguez‐Fornells Antoni , Rotte Michael , Münte Thomas F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnderstanding a complex sentence requires the processing of information at different (e.g., phonological, semantic, and syntactic) levels, the intermediate storage of this information and the unification of this information to compute the meaning of the sentence information. The present investigation homed in on two aspects of sentence processing: working memory and reanalysis. Event‐related functional MRI was used in 12 healthy native speakers of German, while they read sentences. Half of the sentences had unambiguous initial noun‐phrases (masculine nominative, masculine accusative) and thus signaled subject‐first (canonical) or object‐first (noncanonical) sentences. Noncanonical unambiguous sentences were supposed to entail greater demand on working memory, because of their more complex syntactic structure. The other half of the sentences had case‐ambiguous initial noun‐phrases (feminine gender). Only the second unambiguous noun‐phrase (eighth position in the sentences) revealed, whether a canonical or noncanonical word order was present. Based on previous data it was hypothesized that ambiguous noncanonical sentences required a recomputation of the sentence, as subjects would initially commit to a subject first reading. In the respective contrasts two main areas of brain activation were observed. Unambiguous noncanonical sentences elicited more activation in left inferior frontal cortex relative unambiguous canonical sentences. This was interpreted in conjunction with the greater demands on working memory in the former condition. For noncanonical ambiguous relative to canonical ambiguous sentences, an activation of the left supramarginal gyrus was revealed, which was interpreted as a reflection of the reanalysis‐requirements induced by this condition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Misattribution of speech and impaired connectivity in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations
Authors: Mechelli Andrea , Allen Paul , Amaro Edson , Fu Cynthia H.Y. , Williams Steven C.R. , Brammer Michael J. , Johns Louise C. , McGuire Philip K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral studies report that patients with schizophrenia who experience auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) tend to misidentify their own speech as that of somebody else. We tested the hypothesis that this tendency is associated with poor functional integration within the network of regions that mediate the evaluation of speech. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured brain responses from 11 schizophrenics with AVH, 10 schizophrenics without AVH, and 10 healthy controls. Stimuli comprised prerecorded words, which varied for their source (self, alien) and acoustic quality (undistorted, distorted). Participants had to indicate whether each word was spoken in their own or another person's voice via a button press. Using dynamic causal modeling, we estimated the impact of one region over another (“effective connectivity”) and how this was modulated by source and distortion. In controls and in patients without AVH, the connectivity between left superior temporal and anterior cingulate cortex was significantly greater for alien‐ than for self‐generated speech; in contrast, the reverse trend was found in schizophrenic patients with AVH. In conclusion, when patients with AVH appraise their own speech we find impaired functional integration between left superior temporal and anterior cingulate cortex. Although this finding is based on external rather than internal speech, the same mechanism may contribute to the faulty appraisal of inner speech that putatively underlies AVH. Hum Brain Mapp 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Popovtzer Aron , Morgenstein Sara , Roizman Pepi , Gutman Dan , Bahar Gidi , Stern Yoram , Feinmesser Rafael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground.Recent studies have demonstrated that cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression is associated with the carcinogenesis of numerous neoplasms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of COX‐2 in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).Methods.Tissue specimens of thyroid neoplasms were obtained from 22 patients with MTC and 15 control subjects with nonmalignant thyroid specimens.Results.This immunohistochemical study confirms the presence of COX‐2 in a significant number of MTCs. A large area of staining was noted in only 2 patients in the control group (13%) compared with 18 (82%) in the medullary carcinoma group. On a scale of 0 to 3, the average area of positive staining measured 2.35 in the study group and 0.9 in the control group (p < .0001). The average intensity of staining on a scale of 0 to 5 (deep brown) was 2.15 and 0.8 mm, respectively (p < .001).Conclusion.COX‐2 is expressed significantly in MTC including a larger area of staining and greater intensity than in nonmalignant thyroid tissue. These findings may have important treatment implications for the use of COX‐2 inhibitors in patients with MTC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Speech outcomes in Cantonese patients after glossectomy
Authors: Wong Ripley Kit , Poon Esther Sok‐Man , Woo Cynthia Yuen‐Man , Chan Sabina Ching‐Shun , Wong Elsa Siu‐Ping , Chu Ada Wai‐Sze 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground.We sought to determine the major factors affecting speech production of Cantonese‐speaking glossectomized patients. Error pattern was analyzed.Methods.Forty‐one Cantonese‐speaking subjects who had undergone glossectomy ≥ 6 months previously were recruited. Speech production evaluation included (1) phonetic error analysis in nonsense syllable; (2) speech intelligibility in sentences evaluated by naïve listeners; (3) overall speech intelligibility in conversation evaluated by experienced speech therapists.Results.Patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy had significantly poorer segmental and connected speech production. Total or subtotal glossectomy also resulted in poor speech outcomes. Patients having free flap reconstruction showed the best speech outcomes. Patients without lymph node metastasis had significantly better speech scores when compared with patients with lymph node metastasis. Initial consonant production had the worst scores, while vowel production was the least affected.Conclusion.Speech outcomes of Cantonese‐speaking glossectomized patients depended on the severity of the disease. Initial consonants had the greatest effect on speech intelligibility. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Isolated neck recurrence after definitive radiotherapy for node‐positive head and neck cancer: Salvage in the dissected or undissected neck
Authors: Liauw Stanley L. , Amdur Robert J. , Morris Christopher G. , Werning John W. , Villaret Douglas B. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground.The role of salvage neck dissection for isolated regional recurrences after definitive radiotherapy (RT) is ill‐defined.Methods.Five‐hundred fifty patients were treated with RT for lymph node–positive head and neck cancer. RT consisted of a median dose of 74.4 Gy. Chemotherapy was administered in 133 patients (24%). Patients were followed for neck failure after planned neck dissection (n = 341) or observation (n = 209). Salvage therapy was offered to those with isolated neck recurrences.Results.There were 54 (10%) failures in the neck at a median 3.7 months after RT (range, 0 to 17 months). Thirteen patients had isolated recurrences after receiving definitive RT with (n = 11) or without (n = 2) neck dissection. Nine patients underwent attempted surgical salvage with or without re‐irradiation and 4 were successfully salvaged without major complications.Conclusions.Patients with neck failure after definitive therapy usually have poor outcomes, but salvage attempts may be successful in selected patients with an isolated neck recurrence. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Metastatic carcinoma to the cervical nodes from an unknown head and neck primary site: Is there a need for neck dissection?
Authors: Aslani Maryam , Sultanem Khalil , Voung Te , Hier Michael , Niazi Tamim , Shenouda George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground.The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes and patterns of failure in patients with metastatic carcinoma to cervical lymph nodes from an unknown head and neck primary origin, who were treated curatively with radiotherapy, with or without neck dissection.Methods.The study included 61 patients referred to the McGill University Hospital Centers from 1987 to 2002. The median age was 57 years, with male to female ratio of 4:1. Distribution of patients by N status was as follows: N1, 16 patients (26%); N2a, 18 (30%); N2b, 13 (22%); N2c, 7 (11%); and N3, 7 (11%). Twenty patients underwent neck dissection (11 radical, 9 functional) and 41 patients had biopsy (9 fine‐needle aspiration and 32 excisional biopsy). All patients received radiotherapy. The median dose to the involved node(s) was 64 Gy, and 60 Gy to the rest of the neck. Treatment of the neck was bilateral in 50 patients (82%) and ipsilateral in 11 (18%). The minimum duration of the follow‐up was 12 months, with the median of 32 months.Results.The 5‐ and 8‐year overall survival for the whole population was 79% and 67%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the 8‐year actuarial overall survival (64.8% and 67.6%, respectively, p = .64) and local relapse‐free survival (75% vs 74.5%, respectively, p = .57), among patients who had biopsy versus those who had neck dissection.Conclusion.In our experience, definitive radiotherapy to the neck and the potential mucosal sites, whether preceded by neck dissection or not, is effective to achieve a good local control rate in the unknown primary cancer of the head and neck. The indication for neck dissection, in particular for early nodal stage, is controversial. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Alteration in serum neural cell adhesion molecule in patients of schizophrenia
Authors: Tanaka Yoko , Yoshida Satoshi , Shimada Yumi , Ueda Hiroshi , Asai Kunihiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntroductionThe neural cell adhesion molecule (N‐CAM) plays important roles in neural migration, synaptogenesis and CNS development. Change of N‐CAM fragments in CSF of schizophrenic patients was reported previously, and we aimed to detect difference in circulating N‐CAM in the serum of schizophrenic patients and healthy controls.MethodsSamples were from 14 chronic schizophrenic patients including 3 drug naïve patients and 11 healthy controls. After removal of albumin and globulin, N‐CAM fragments were measured by Western blot technique with monoclonal antibody.ResultsN‐CAM immunoreactive bands were detected primarily at 180, 140, 120, 75, 68 and 52 kDa. Samples from patients and controls showed similar patterns of bands, but schizophrenic patients showed increases or decreases at some bands intensity compared to healthy controls. The 68 kDa/73–75 kDa bands intensity ratio was substantially elevated in schizophrenic patients (0.262 ± 0.14 in patients, 0.065 ± 0.04 in controls) especially, the three drug naïve patients had a higher value of this ratio compared to the medicated patients. One drug naïve patient showed a decrease in this ratio after one month of antipsychotic medication.ConclusionsThe results suggest elevated membrane turnover and/or abnormalities in the regulation of proteolysis of N‐CAM in schizophrenia. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of meteorological and hydrogeological factors on gross recharge percentage at unconfined sandy aquifers with an equatorial climate
Authors: Tan Stephen Boon Kean , Shuy Eng Ban , Chua Lloyd Hock Chye 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA thorough understanding of rainfall recharge processes and their controlling factors is essential for management of groundwater systems. This study investigates the effects of various meteorological and hydrogeological factors on the gross recharge percentages, the rainfall–recharge relationships and the recharge threshold values for unconfined sandy aquifers under an equatorial climate. Among the meteorological factors investigated, rainfall intensity was found to have the most significant impact on the gross recharge rate. The effects of potential evaporation rate, relative humidity and air temperature on the gross recharge percentage were significant when the vadose zone thickness is larger than 2·5 m. The recharge threshold values were found to depend strongly on the vadose zone thickness. The rainfall–recharge relationships could generally be well defined by a normal–log relationship. The rainfall–recharge relationships derived here are applicable to yield estimates of gross recharge percentages for unconfined sandy aquifers under an equatorial climate, using rainfall intensity and vadose zone thickness as input variables. In this study, a theory was developed and validated to provide physical explanations for the observations, based on the residence time of the percolated rainwater within the vadose zone. Among the soil hydraulic parameters tested, porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were found to have the most pronounced effects on the gross recharge percentage. Utilizing the sensitivity results and the theory derived, an approach was developed for extending the application of the derived rainfall–recharge relationships to other sand textures. The approach was found to be capable of producing rough and fast estimations of gross recharge percentage for other sand textures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.