bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial electrodiagnostic testing: Utility and indications in adult neurological disorders
Authors: Hearn Sandra L. , Stino Amro Maher , Howard Ileana M. , Malhotra Gautam , Robinson Lawrence 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough existing guidelines address electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing in identifying neuromuscular conditions, guidance regarding the uses and limitations of serial (or repeat) EDX testing is limited. By assessing neurophysiological change longitudinally across time, serial electrodiagnosis can clarify a diagnosis and potentially provide valuable prognostic information. This monograph presents four broad indications for serial electrodiagnosis in adult peripheral neurological disorders. First, where clinical change has raised suspicion for a new or ongoing lesion, EDX reassessment for spatial spread of abnormality, involvement of previously normal muscle or nerve, and/or evolving pathophysiology can clarify a diagnosis. Second, where diagnosis of a progressive neuromuscular condition is uncertain, electrophysiological data from a second time point can confirm or refute suspicion. Third, to establish prognosis after a static nerve injury, a repeat study can assess the presence and extent of reinnervation. Finally, faced with a limited initial study (as when complicated by patient or environmental factors), a repeat EDX study can supplement missing or limited data to provide needed clarity. Repeat EDX studies carry certain limitations, however, such as with prognostication in the setting of remote or chronic lesions, sensory predominant fascicular injury, or mild axonal injury. Nevertheless, serial electrodiagnosis remains a valuable and underused tool in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of neuromuscular conditions.
Bilanz Merck 2023: Mehr Medikamente, weniger Elektronik
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBeim Darmstädter Konzern Merck fehlten im Jahr 2023 die pandemiebedingten Umsätze mit Tests, Labormaterialien und Lipiden für Impfstoffe. Zudem verkauften sich Halbleitermaterialien und Flüssigkristalle schlecht.
Ig‐Nobelpreis: Von Sinnen
Authors: Blicker Luca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDer Ig‐Nobelpreis im Jahr 2023 war ein visuelles, gustatorisches, haptisches und olfaktorisches Fest: Die Gewinner:innen der naturwissenschaftlichen Rubriken haben Steine abgeleckt, einen Spinnengreifarm entwickelt und eine Toilette mit Ausscheidungs‐Check gebaut.
Farben des Jahres: Prophetischer Pfirsichflaum ist wie eine sanfte Umarmung
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnternehmen empfehlen Farben, die zum Zustand der Welt passen und sich vor allem gut verkaufen lassen sollen. Bei Autos scheinen das wie immer die Nichtfarben Schwarz, Weiß und Grau zu sein. Eine Ausnahme bildet in diesem Jahr Schweinchenrosa. Welche Branchen weltweit mitmachen.
Von CO2‐Abschneidern und F‐gedopten Athleten
Authors: Remenyi Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractManchmal ist es traurig, dass in der Welt da draußen so viele Menschen herumlaufen, die Chemie nach der 9. Klasse abgewählt haben. Aber oft entsteht dadurch auch irrsinnig Komisches.
„Blättern und Lesen im Garten“
Authors: Wille Eva E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEva E. Wille erhielt Mitte März auf der Chemiedozententagung die Gmelin‐Beilstein‐Denkmünze für ihr außergewöhnliches Engagement zur Etablierung und Weiterentwicklung der chemischen Literatur. Der Preis wird seit 1954 in geraden Jahren vergeben und umfasst neben einer Urkunde eine Silbermedaille und 7500 Euro Preisgeld.
Effect of 1‐ethylpyridinium bromide on enhancing the dispersion of silica and interfacial strength in rubber‐silica composite
Authors: Sun Weixing , Liu Guixiang , Fan Xinpeng , Liao Shuangquan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImproving the interfacial interaction between silica and rubber is always a key issue to be solved for silica‐filled rubbers. In this paper, composites are prepared by an in‐situ modification method using 1‐ethylpyridinium bromide ([EPy]Br) as the raw material, and the effect of its dosage on the interfacial interactions and macroscopic properties of silica‐filled natural rubber (NR) composites is investigated. The effect of [EPy]Br on silica dispersion and interfacial interaction between silica and NR is verified through rheological tests and calculations of glass layers. Compared with the original samples, composite performance is optimized when the usage amount is at 1phr which increases tensile strength by 5 MPa, enhances abrasion resistance by 24%, and shortens optimum curing time in half. This study is expected to provide a new strategy for improving the processability of silica‐containing composites while reducing energy consumption.Highlights
[EPy]Br enhances the interaction between rubber and filler while modifying the surface of silica.
Increasing the dosage of [EPy]Br leads to a reduction in the Payne effect.
The addition of [EPy]Br enhances the dispersion of silica in natural rubber.
[EPy]Br significantly reduces the duration of the induction period for vulcanization.
The dosage of [EPy]Br allows for controlling the mechanical properties of NR/SiO2.
Preload relaxation behavior and its influence on the mechanical performance of bolted carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic sheet molding compound joints
Authors: Tong X. , Meng L. , Wan Y. , Takahashi J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, the relaxation of the initial tightening preload of bolted carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic sheet molding compound (CFRTP‐SMC) joints was experimentally investigated under different temperatures and initial preload conditions. The influence of preload relaxation on the bolted structures was evaluated using static bearing tests, whereas the failure modes during the test were verified based on metallographic observations. The experimental results indicate that the speed of the preload relaxation can be accelerated by increasing the temperature and initial preload. The static bearing strength of the bolted SMC material decreased with a continuous increase in the preload loss. Furthermore, the existence of a lateral preload protected the material around the assembly hole from buckling, resulting in a higher static bearing strength. The shielding effect of the preload was weakened after the relaxation of the initial preload.Highlights
Elevated temperature and initial preload can expedite the relaxation process.
Preload loss will result in a declined static bearing performance.
Initial tightening preload can protect the bolted SMC material from buckling.
Bending characteristics of partially reinforced aluminum/CFRP hybrid hat‐section beam structures with an adhesively bonded joint: An experimental, numerical, and analytical study
Authors: Hampaiyan Miandowab Hamed , Rahmani Reza , Saeidi Googarchin Hamad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA significant feature about hybrid structures is the strengthening of critical areas in order to increase the load capacity of the beams. This research evaluates the energy absorption capability and bending collapse behavior of an aluminum hat‐section with adhesively bonded of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) as a partial reinforcement (PR) hybrid beam. The aluminum layers and processed CFRP laminates were bonded with adhesive joints to produce the beams with varied layups for hybrid beams. The specimens showed a range of bending collapses, and the hybrid specimens' peak load and load drop differed depending on failure mechanism. The experimental results reveal that the amount of SEA of the hybrid beam specimens was higher compared with that of the aluminum beam, with Al/CFRP [0/90]S PR hybrid beam exhibiting an 85.9% improvement in SEA value. Subsequently, FE models of aluminum and hybrid beams were developed for bending collapse analysis, and the finite element results were consistent with the experimental specimens' validation. In addition, the consequences of progressive damage failure in the interface effect and transverse matrix damage in various layups were investigated. Eventually, the Kecman model is used to perform analytical modeling of hybrid and aluminum beams in order to examine the impact of CFRP partial reinforcing components based on various bending moment hinge lines.Highlight
Bending characteristics of adhesively bonded partially reinforced Al/CFRP beam
Experimental and numerical investigation on the beams under three‐point bending
Analytical study for the prediction of energy absorption characteristics
A good agreement between numerical, theoretical and experimental results
Comprehensive profiling of the human fecal proteome from IBD patients with DIA‐MS enables evaluation of disease‐relevant proteins
Authors: Harder Brandon J. , Lekkerkerker Annemarie N. , Casavant Ellen P. , Hackney Jason A. , Nguyen Allen , McBride Jacqueline M. , Mathews William Rodney , Anania Veronica G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation. A high unmet need exists for noninvasive biomarkers in IBD to monitor changes in disease activity and guide treatment decisions. Stool is an easily accessed, disease proximal matrix in IBD, however the composition of the IBD fecal proteome remains poorly characterized.Experimental DesignA data‐independent acquisition LC‐MS/MS approach was used to profile the human fecal proteome in two independent cohorts (Cohort 1: healthy n = 5, UC n = 5, CD n = 5, Cohort 2: healthy n = 20, UC n = 10, and CD n = 10) to identify noninvasive biomarkers reflective of disease activity.Results688 human proteins were quantified, with 523 measured in both cohorts. In UC stool 96 proteins were differentially abundant and in CD stool 126 proteins were differentially abundant compared to healthy stool (absolute log2 fold change > 1, p‐value < 0.05). Many of these fecal proteins are associated with infiltrating immune cells and ulceration/rectal bleeding, which are hallmarks of IBD pathobiology. Mapping the identified fecal proteins to a whole blood single‐cell RNA sequencing data set revealed the involvement of various immune cell subsets to the IBD fecal proteome.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceFindings from this study not only confirmed the presence of established fecal biomarkers for IBD, such as calprotectin and lactoferrin, but also revealed new fecal proteins from multiple pathways known to be dysregulated in IBD. These novel proteins could serve as potential noninvasive biomarkers to monitor specific aspects of IBD disease activity which could expedite clinical development of novel therapeutic targets.
Association between cytomegalovirus infection and neurological disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Sanami Samira , Shamsabadi Shahnam , Dayhimi Amir , Pirhayati Mohammad , Ahmad Sajjad , Pirhayati Ahmadreza , Ajami Marjan , Hemati Sara , Shirvani Masoud , Alagha Ahmad , Abbarin Davood , Alizadeh Akram , Pazoki‐Toroudi Hamidreza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) belongs to the Herpesviridae family and is also known as human herpesvirus type 5. It is a common virus that usually doesn't cause any symptoms in healthy individuals. However, once infected, the virus remains in the host's body for life and can reactivate when the host's immune system weakens. This virus has been linked to several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Autism spectrum disorder, Huntington's disease (HD), ataxia, Bell's palsy (BP), and brain tumours, which can cause a wide range of symptoms and challenges for those affected. CMV may influence inflammation, contribute to brain tissue damage, and elevate the risk of moderate‐to‐severe dementia. Multiple studies suggest a potential association between CMV and ataxia in various conditions, including Guillain‐Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute cerebellitis, etc. On the other hand, the evidence regarding CMV involvement in BP is conflicting, and also early indications of a link between CMV and HD were challenged by subsequent research disproving CMV's presence. This systematic review aims to comprehensively investigate any link between the pathogenesis of CMV and its potential role in neurological disorders and follows the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analysis checklist. Despite significant research into the potential links between CMV infection and various neurological disorders, the direct cause‐effect relationship is not fully understood and several gaps in knowledge persist. Therefore, continued research is necessary to gain a better understanding of the role of CMV in neurological disorders and potential treatment avenues.
A compact RTK‐GNSS device for high‐precision localization of outdoor mobile robots
Authors: Lee Sung‐Jin , Kim Bit , Yang Dong‐Wook , Kim Junseo , Parkinson Tom , Billingham Johsan , Park Chulwoo , Yoon Jinsung , Lee Dae‐Young 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccurate location information is crucial for ensuring the reliability of service robots, such as field vehicles and agricultural robots. These practical robots often encounter fluctuating or inclined terrains in dynamic conditions during operation. Additionally, the performance of mobile robots depends on the physical size and weight of the localization system–physically heavy systems may degrade performance. In this paper, we present a compact, lightweight RTK‐GNSS device weighing under 40 g, which achieves centimeter‐level accuracy across different attitudes and dynamic situations. To enhance signal reception and positioning performance, we lessen noise levels in the power circuit and radio‐frequency signal conditioning using a low‐dropout regulator and low‐noise amplifier. Utilizing the configured device, we verified centimeter‐level accuracy through experiments of tracking an unmanned ground vehicle. The potential of the device is substantiated via three application scenarios—a localization of a moving human for a wearable device, a heading estimation of a mobile robot in stationary conditions, and practical field tests in various signal‐reception environments. Attributable to its compact dimensions and lightweight features, the proposed device can yield a low system strain while maintaining high accuracy and reliable performance, rendering it highly adaptable for various robotic applications.
Review on research and development of planetary penetrator
Authors: Zhou Jianqin , Feng Jingkai , Liu Jinguo , Xu Cheng , Tian Yuanzheng , Lu Da 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA planetary penetrator is a kind of machine that can use its special structure to independently penetrate an exoplanet and sample it for storage. It is a hot research topic in the world and has important development potential in the field of deep space exploration. Based on the analysis of relevant literature, this paper classifies and compares various representative planetary penetrator projectiles around the current research status. The development progress and key technologies of the planetary penetrator are analyzed, the current technical challenges are summarized, and the development trend of the planetary penetrator has prospected. The planetary probe has a broad application prospect, and its development will provide technical support for humans to establish extraterrestrial habitat, and play an important role in the field of deep space exploration. Currently, planetary penetrator research is still in its infancy, and the field is full of possibilities that need to be explored and improved.
The hitting time of clique factors
Authors: Heckel Annika , Kaufmann Marc , Müller Noela , Pasch Matija 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 375 (2022), no. 1, 627–668], Kahn gave the strongest possible, affirmative, answer to Shamir's problem, which had been open since the late 1970s: Let and let be divisible by . Then, in the random ‐uniform hypergraph process on vertices, as soon as the last isolated vertex disappears, a perfect matching emerges. In the present work, we prove the analogue of this result for clique factors in the random graph process: at the time that the last vertex joins a copy of the complete graph , the random graph process contains a ‐factor. Our proof draws on a novel sequence of couplings which embeds the random hypergraph process into the cliques of the random graph process. An analogous result is proved for clique factors in the ‐uniform hypergraph process ().
Phytin recovered from grain distillation can serve as a phosphorus fertilizer for maize and soybean
Authors: Lee Jeonggu , Hertzberger Allan , Juneja Ankita , Cusick Roland , Singh Vijay , Margenot Andrew J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhosphorus (P) recovery from waste streams can increase food system P use efficiency while simultaneousl mitigating point source P losses. Phytin is a P‐rich waste product generated from maize grain biorefineries, largely located in the US Midwest. However, since the majority of P in phytin is organic, phytin‐P is likely to have limited crop availability in soil following application, as it must first be mineralized to orthophosphate‐P by soil phosphatases. To evaluate the fertilizer potential of phytin recovered from a maize wet milling plant and test hypothesized mechanisms of P mineralization, a five‐step gradient of phytin substitution for monoammonium phosphate (MAP) (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% substitution) was evaluated for maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) growth in a P‐deficient Aquic Argiudoll. Irrespective of crop species, aboveground biomass at end of vegetative growth (VT stage) was similar for up to 75% phytin substitution as MAP, but was 21% lower for maize and 49% for soybean when phytin was fully substituted for MAP. Soil microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and P, as well as activities of phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase were invariant across the phytin substitution gradient, suggesting negligible mineralization of phytin P. Full substitution of MAP with phytin lowered soil microbial biomass C:N by 121% for maize and by 153% for soybean, and soil phosphatase activities per unit microbial biomass C were 24% higher under soybean. Our results indicate that phytin can be partially substituted for highly water‐soluble P fertilizers for the two major crop species of the US Midwest in which phytin waste generation is co‐located.
Examining activity–pH relationships of soil nitrogen hydrolytic enzymes
Authors: Daughtridge Rachel C. , Margenot Andrew J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N) depolymerization and mineralization in soils are catalyzed by extracellular enzymes, notably proteolytic and chitinolytic enzymes. However, there is limited knowledge of pH optima of these N‐hydrolytic soil enzymes, potentially missing insights to soil pH effects on N cycling and requiring assumptions on pH optima in enzyme activity assays. We evaluated pH optima of five N‐hydrolytic enzymes (casein protease, leucine aminopeptidase, glycine aminopeptidase, alanine aminopeptidase, N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase) in soils under long‐term (145‐year) fertilization and crop rotation treatments, as well as a restored prairie, on an Aquic Argiudoll. We additionally tested the pH dependency of three types of non‐enzymatic interferences in order to assess the relative importance of controls in determining N‐hydrolytic enzyme activity pH optima. For all enzymes, pH–activity relationships varied by soil and exhibited secondary pH optima, though primary pH optima generally agreed with values reported for purified, non‐soil enzymes. Enzyme activity pH optima did not reflect soil pH, though soil pH ranged 6.2–7.4 across 145‐year treatments. Nonenzymatic interference was generally pH‐dependent and soil‐specific for protease and N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase. Though omitting controls for dissolved organic matter tended to have the largest effect on pH optima misestimation, controlling for all three sources of interference had appreciable effects on estimated pH optima values. This study provides a benchmark of empirically determined pH optima of multiple hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze soil N depolymerization. We demonstrate that soil N‐hydrolytic enzyme activities exhibit pH optima that generally vary most by enzyme type, and specifically between proteolytic versus chitinolytic enzymes. Because pH optima of these soil enzyme activities can vary among soils differing in management and land use, pH optima should be determined a priori.
In Situ Synthesis of CuxO/N Doped Graphdiyne with Pyridine N Configuration for Ammonia Production via Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Li Jian , Valenza Roberto , Haussener Sophia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectroreduction of nitrate to ammonia provides an interesting pathway for wastewater treatment and valorization. Cu‐based catalysts are active for the conversion of NO3− to NO2− but suffer from an inefficient hydrogenation process of NO2−. Herein, CuxO/N‐doped graphdiyne (CuxO/N‐GDY) with pyridine N configuration are in situ prepared in one pot. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of pyridinic N in GDY and CuxO, the prepared CuxO/N‐GDY tested in a commercial H‐cell achieved a faradaic efficiency of 85% toward NH3 at ‐0.5 V versus RHE with a production rate of 340 µmol h−1 mgcat−1 in 0.1 M KNO3. When integrating the CuxO/N‐GDY in an anion exchange membrane flow electrolyzer, a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 89% is achieved at a voltage of 2.3 V and the production rate is 1680 µmol h−1 mgcat−1 at 3.3 V in 0.1 M KNO3 at room temperature. Operation at 40 °C further promoted the overall reaction kinetics of NO3− to NH3, but penalized its selectivity with respect to hydrogen evolution reaction. The high selectivity and production rate in this device configuration demonstrate its potential for industrial application.
Hollow Cu2‐xS@NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Core–Shell S‐Scheme Heterojunctions with Broad‐Spectrum Response and Enhanced Photothermal‐Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Zhang Na , Wang Yichao , Liu Meijie , Cheng Tao , Xing Zipeng , Li Zhenzi , Zhou Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesigning a reasonable heterojunction is an efficient path to improve the separation of photogenerated charges and enhance photocatalytic activity. In this study, Cu2‐xS@NiFe‐LDH hollow nanoboxes with core–shell structure are successfully prepared. The results show that Cu2‐xS@NiFe‐LDH with broad‐spectrum response has good photothermal and photocatalytic activity, and the photocatalytic activity and stability of the catalyst are enhanced by the establishment of unique hollow structure and core–shell heterojunction structure. Transient PL spectra (TRPL) indicates that constructing Cu2‐xS@NiFe‐LDH heterojunction can prolong carrier lifetime obviously. Cu2‐xS@NiFe‐LDH shows a high photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency (5176.93 µmol h−1 g−1), and tetracycline degradation efficiency (98.3%), and its hydrogen production rate is ≈10–12 times that of pure Cu2‐xS and NiFe‐LDH. In situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) provide proofs of the S‐scheme electron transfer path. The S‐scheme heterojunction achieves high spatial charge separation and exhibits strong photoredox ability, thus improving the photocatalytic performance.