bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanin Accumulation Mediated by Blue Light and Cytokinin in Arabidopsis Seedlings
Authors: Chen Da‐Qing , Li Zhi‐Yang , Pan Rui‐Chi , Wang Xiao‐Jing 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIt has been reported that pigmentation in plants is stimulated by light and cytokinin (CTK); however, the signaling pathways and the relationship between light and CTK involved in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation remain to be elucidated. We investigated (i) the role of blue light (BL) and CTK in anthocyanin accumulation ; and (ii) the relationship between BL and CTK in wild type (WT) and hy4 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Two‐d‐old seedlings grown on medium with or without kinetin (KT) or zeatin (ZT) in darkness were irradiated using BL at different fluence rates for 3 d before the anthocyanin content was determined using a spectrophotometric method. Anthocyanin accumulation was strongly induced by BL in WT seedlings but not in hy4 seedlings, which demonstrated that CRY1 is the main photoreceptor for BL. Both KT and ZT enhanced the response of the WT seedlings to BL in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas they were not sufficient to promote anthocyanin accumulation in darkness. In addition, data from experiments using the hy4 mutant showed that the CTK effect of BL was also CRY1‐dependent. The results from experiments with three different treatment programs showed that the relationship between BL and KT in anthocyanin accumulation of Arabidopsis seedlings seems neither multiplicative nor additive coaction, but rather interaction. BL is necessary for anthocyanin accumulation, and KT might be involved in the BL signaling pathway.(Managing editor:Ping He)
Clonal Plasticity in Response to Reciprocal Patchiness of Light and Nutrients in the Stoloniferous Herb Glechoma longituba L.
Authors: Chu Yu , Yu Fei‐Hai , Dong Ming 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInterconnected ramets of clonal plants can functionally specialize in the uptake of resources from aboveground and/or underground sources. Ramet pairs of the clonal stoloniferous herb Glechoma longituba L. were grown in spatially heterogeneous environments with complementary availability of light and nutrients. Plasticity with respect to root‐shoot ratio, fitness‐related traits (biomass, number of ramets and dry weight per ramet), morphological traits (lamina area, root length) were experimentally examined. The aim was to understand the adaptation of G. longituba to an environment with reciprocal patchiness of light and soil nutrients by plasticity in its root‐shoot ratio and clonal morphology. The results showed that the performance of ramets growing in patches with high light intensity and low soil nutrients into the adjacent opposite patches was increased in terms of fitness‐related traits. However, the performance of those from patches with low light intensity and high soil nutrients into the adjacent opposite patches was not changed. The root‐shoot ratio and clonal morphology were plastic. Morphological traits such as lamina area and root length were altered in a way that enhanced the capture of light resources and soil nutrients. Apparent reciprocal resource transport between the ramets in an environment of reciprocal patchiness of resources can enhance the growth of ramets with complementary resource deficiencies.(Managing editor: Ya‐Qin Han)
Effect of Water Deficit on Self‐thinning Line in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Populations
Authors: Liu Jing , Wei Liang , Wang Chun‐Ming , Wangl Gen‐Xuan , Wei Xiao‐Ping 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMonocultures of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown at overcrowded densities (10 000 and 3 000 plants per m2) under well‐watered and water‐stressed conditions to investigate the effects of water deficits on self‐thinning. The results showed that density reduction in water‐stressed populations was delayed compared with that in well‐watered populations. Populations grown in well‐watered conditions conformed to the ‐3/2‐power law. Compared with the well‐watered condition, there was no significant decrease of the self‐thinning line underwater‐stressed conditions in this experiment, although the rate of average shoot biomass accumulation decreased. This result implied that the exponent of the ‐3/2‐power equation is not as sensitive as the rate of average shoot biomass accumulation to water stress. Further analysis indicated that, in each density treatment, the lines of the height versus shoot biomass relationships did not differ significantly between the two water conditions. However, the intercepts of the height versus shoot biomass relationships were greater in the higher‐density populations (10 000/m2) than those in the lower‐density populations (3 000/m2). These results showed that water deficit did not change plant geometry in this experiment. That is to say, shoot competition for light remains constant at a given biomass, although root competition for water becomes more serious in water deficit conditions. Based on these results and previous reports we propose that, to affect the thinning line slope, changes in symmetric competition are not as efficient as changes in asymmetric competition.(Managing editor: Ya‐Qin Han)
Contribution of Root Respiration to Total Soil Respiration in aLeymus chinensis(Trin.) Tzvel. Grassland of Northeast China
Authors: Wang Wei , Guo Ji‐Xun , Feng Jiang , Oikawa Takehisa 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe loss of carbon through root respiration is an important component of grassland carbon budgets. However, few data are available concerning the contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration in grasslands in China. We investigated seasonal variations of soil respiration rate, root biomass, microbial biomass C and organic C content of the soil in a semi‐aridLeymus chinensis(Trin.) Tzvel. grassland of northeast China during the 2002 growing season (from May to September). The linear regression relationship between soil respiration rate and root biomass was used to determine the contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration. Soil respiration rate ranged from 2.5 to 11.9 g C/m2per d with the maximum in late June and minimum in September. The microbial biomass C and organic C content of the soil ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 g C/m2and from 29 to 34 g C/kg respectively. Root biomass had two peaks, in early June (1.80 kg/m2) and mid‐August (1.73 kg/m2). Root respiration rate peaked in mid‐August (6.26 g C/m2per d), whereas microbial respiration rate peaked in late June (7.43 g C/m2per d). We estimated that the contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration during the growing season ranged from 38% to 76%.(Managing editor: Ya‐Qin Han)
Achene Wall Anatomy and Surface Sculpturing of Lactuca L. and Related Genera (Compositae: Lactuceae) with Notes on Their Systematic Significance
Authors: Zhu Shi‐Xin , Qin Hai‐Ning , Shih Chu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe achene wall anatomy and surface sculpturing of 14 species representing Lactuca L. and related genera were investigated to evaluate inter‐ and intrageneric relationships. The achene wall anatomy of the studied species can be divided into two types: winged and ribbed. The winged type is present in Lactuca L., Pterocypsela Shih, Cicerbita Wallr., Chaetoseris Shih and Stenoseris Shih, and is characterized by protruding wings and costae in transverse section. Winged type achene mesocarps are composed of parenchymatous cells and fiber cells, and the distinct fibrous strands are confined to the costae or wings of the achenes. The ribbed type is present in Notoseris Shih and Paraprenanthes Chang ex Shih, and is characterized by only having costae in transverse section. Fiber cells are continuous in the costae and intercostae. In surface sculpturing, the ornamentation and the shape of epidermal cells are different among these genera. The results indicate that L. altaica and L. serriola should be conspecific, and that L. dolichophylla is probably an intermediate taxon between Lactuca and Chaetoseris. The results also support the separation of Pterocypsela, Paraprenanthes, Notoseris, Chaetoseris and Stenoseris from Lactuca and Cicerbita as independent entities. Close affinities between Pterocypsela and Lactuca, Paraprenanthes and Notoseris, and Chaetoseris and Stenoseris are also proposed.(Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Expression of theGrifola frondosaTrehalose Synthase Gene and Improvement of Drought‐Tolerance in Sugarcane(Saccharum officinarumL.)
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Zhen , Yang Ben‐Peng , Feng Cui‐Lian , Chen Ru‐Kai , Luo Jing‐Ping , Cai Wen‐Wei , Liu Fei‐Hu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTrehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide of glucose that functions as a protectant in the stabilization of biological structures and enhances stress tolerance to abiotic stresses in organisms. We report here the expression of aGrifola frondosatrehalose synthase(TSase)gene for improving drought tolerance in sugarcane(Saccharum officinarumL.). The expression of the transgene was under the control of two tandem copies of the CaMV35S promoter and transferred into sugarcane byAgrobacterium tumefaciensEHA105. The transgenic plants accumulated high levels of trehalose, up to 8.805–12.863 mg/g fresh weight, whereas it was present at undetectable level in nontransgenic plants. It has been reported that transgenic plants transformed withEscherichia coli TPS(trehalose‐6‐phosphatesynthase) and/orTPP(trehalose‐6‐phosphate phosphatase) are severely stunted and have root morphologic alterations. Interestingly, our transgenic sugarcane plants had no obvious morphological changes and no growth inhibition in the field. Trehalose accumulation in 35S–35S:TSase plants resulted in increased drought tolerance, as shown by the drought and the drought physiological indexes, such as the rate of bound water/free water, plasma membrane permeability, malondialdehyde content, chlorophyllaandbcontents, and activity of SOD and POD of the excised leaves. These results suggest that transgenic plants transformed with theTSasegene can accumulate high levels of trehalose and have enhanced tolerance to drought.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Genotyping the Heading Date of Male‐Sterile Rice Line II‐32A
Authors: Xu Jun‐Feng , Jiang Ling , Wei Xiang‐Jin , Zhang Wei‐Wen , Liu Shi‐Jia , Chen Liang‐Ming , Wang Chun‐Ming , Luo Lin‐Guang , Wan Jian‐Min 
Published: April 2006

AbstractII‐32A, an elite male‐sterile line of rice (Oryza sativa L.), has been widely used for the production of hybrid rice seed in China. Heading date in most combinations using II‐32A shows transgressive inheritance or similarity to the latter parent, but the genotype of II‐32A with respect to major genes for heading time is unknown. This limits the further exploitation of this sterile line in breeding and hybrid seed production. Using a number of major gene heading date isogenic lines and heading date QTL near‐isogenic lines, we genetically analyzed II‐32B under both long‐ and short‐day conditions. We show that II‐32B carries two photoperiod‐sensitive genes, E1 and E3, a recessive late‐heading gene, ef‐1, and a photoperiod‐sensitive allele, Se‐1u. In addition we identified in II‐32B a recessive inhibitor for E1 or Se‐1n and other modified photoperiod‐sensitive genes. The heading‐date constitution of II‐32A was determined to be E1e2E3Se‐1uef‐1i‐Se‐1.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Genetic Analysis and Mapping of the Dominant Dwarfing Gene D‐53 in Rice
Authors: Wei Li‐Rong , Xu Ji‐Chen , Li Xiao‐Bo , Qian Qian , Zhu Li‐Huang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe dwarfing gene D‐53 is one of a few dominant genes for dwarfing in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In the present study, our genetic analysis confirmed that mutant characteristics including dwarfing, profuse tillering, thin stems and small panicles are all controlled by the dominant D‐53 gene. We measured the length of each internode of KL908, a D‐53‐carrying line, and classified the dwarfism of KL908 into the dn‐type. In addition, we measured elongation of the second sheath and α‐amylase activity in the endosperm, and we characterized KL908 as a dwarf mutant that was neither gibberellic acid‐deficient nor gibberellic acid‐insensitive. Using a large F2 population obtained by crossing KL908 with a wild‐type variety, NJ6, the D‐53 gene was mapped to the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 11, with one simple sequence repeat marker, Ds3, co‐segregating, and the other, K81114, located 0.6 cM away.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Diversity Suppression‐Subtractive Hybridization Array for Profiling Genomic DNA Polymorphisms
Authors: Li Tong‐Xiang , Wang Jin‐Ke , Bai Yun‐Fei , Lu Zu‐Hong 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenomic DNA polymorphisms are very useful for tracing genetic traits and studying biological diversity among species. Here, we present a method we call the “diversity suppression‐subtractive hybridization array” for effectively profiling genomic DNA polymorphisms. The method first obtains the subtracted gDNA fragments between any two species by suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) to establish a subtracted gDNA library, from which diversity SSH arrays are created with the selected subtracted clones. The diversity SSH array hybridizes with the DIG‐labeled genomic DNA of the organism to be assayed. Six closely related Dendrobium species were studied as model samples. Four Dendrobium species as testers were used to perform SSH. A total of 617 subtracted positive clones were obtained from four Dendrobium species, and the average ratio of positive clones was 80.3%. We demonstrated that the average percentage of polymorphic fragments of pairwise comparisons of four Dendrobium species was up to 42.4%. A dendrogram of the relatedness of six Dendrobium species was produced according to their polymorphic profiles. The results revealed that the diversity SSH array is a highly effective platform for profiling genomic DNA polymorphisms and dendrograms.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui Zhao)
Evidence for the strong effect of gas removal on the internal dynamics of young stellar clusters
Authors: Bastian N. , Goodwin S. P. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We present detailed luminosity profiles of the young massive clusters M82-F, NGC 1569-A and NGC 1705-1 which show significant departures from equilibrium (King and Elson, Fall & Freeman) profiles. We compare these profiles with those from N-body simulations of clusters that have undergone the rapid removal of a significant fraction of their mass as a result of gas expulsion. We show that the observations and simulations agree very well with each other, suggesting that these young clusters are undergoing violent relaxation and are also losing a significant fraction of their stellar mass.
That these clusters are not in equilibrium can explain the discrepant mass-to-light ratios observed in many young clusters with respect to simple stellar population models without resorting to non-standard initial stellar mass functions as claimed for M82-F and NGC 1705-1. We also discuss the effect of rapid gas removal on the complete disruption of a large fraction of young massive clusters (‘infant mortality’). Finally, we note that even bound clusters may lose &gt;50 per cent of their initial stellar mass as a result of rapid gas loss (‘infant weight-loss’).
Turbulent velocity fields in smoothed particle hydrodymanics simulated galaxy clusters: scaling laws for the turbulent energy
Authors: Vazza F. , Tormen G. , Cassano R. , Brunetti G. , Dolag K. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We present a study of the turbulent velocity fields in the intracluster medium (ICM) of a sample of 21 galaxy clusters simulated by the smoothed particle hydrodynamics code gadget2, using a new numerical scheme where the artificial viscosity is suppressed outside shocks. The turbulent motions in the ICM of our simulated clusters are detected with a novel method devised to better disentangle laminar bulk motions from chaotic ones. We focus on the scaling law between the turbulent energy content of the gas particles and the total mass, and find that the energy in the form of turbulence scales approximately with the thermal energy of clusters. We follow the evolution with time of the scaling laws and discuss the physical origin of the observed trends. The simulated data are in agreement with independent semi-analytical calculations, and the combination between the two methods allows one to constrain the scaling law over more than two decades in cluster mass.
Effectively Selecting Suppliers Using Total Cost of Ownership
Authors: Degraeve Zeger , Roodhooft Filip 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYIn today's business world characterized by intense global competition, cost management is an important strategic weapon. External purchases of products and services generally account for more than 50 percent of total costs. Significant cost savings can be realized by effectively selecting suppliers and determining optimal order quantities. Existing cost management tools focus on rationalizing production and distribution activities and do not consider the purchasing function. In practice, simple, subjective, and incomplete approaches for supplier selection are often used. This article presents a rigorous decision support system using total cost of ownership information. The system uses a dynamic mathematical programming model that derives a purchasing strategy by minimizing the total costs, taking into account the relevant constraints. It allows the purchasing and supply manager to objectively evaluate alternative policies. A recent implementation of the system for two product groups at Cockerill Sambre shows potential savings of more than 10 percent compared to current practices.
Supply Chain Flexibility: An Empirical Study
Authors: Vickery Shaw nee , Calantone Roger , Dröge Cornelia 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYThis article examines dimensions of supply chain flexibility and their relationships with environmental uncertainty, business performance, and functional interfaces. The findings indicate that volume flexibility and launch flexibility are key responses to marketing practices uncertainty and product uncertainty, respectively, in the highly cyclical furniture industry. Volume flexibility is also positively related to all measures of overall firm performance and highly related to market share and market share growth. Overall, excellent performers on supply chain flexibility are rewarded at the bottomline. However, performance with respect to volume, launch, and target market flexibilities has the widest ranging impact on financial and market performance.
Examining Supplier Improvement Efforts from Both Sides
Authors: Forker Laura B. , Ruch William A. , Hershauer James C. 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYPerceptual data from the population of buyers and suppliers to a major electronics firm were collected to test the extent of judgmental convergence between matched pairs of buyers and suppliers with respect to the suppliers' quality management practices and the buyers' supplier development activities. The customer firm (and its supply base) was chosen due to its national leadership in quality improvement achievements and forward thinking in supply management. It was believed that this electronic systems manufacturer would be most likely to have reached a common understanding with its suppliers regarding continuous improvement needs. Results indicate that buyers and suppliers are largely in agreement regarding the extent of the suppliers' total quality management (TQM) implementation. Little agreement was noted regarding the buyers' execution of supplier development activities. Recommendations to supply managers regarding enhanced communication with their suppliers and recognition of their suppliers' role in quality improvement are offered.
Purchasing and Supplier Involvement in Process Improvement: A Source of Competitive Advantage
Authors: McGinnis Michael A. , Vallopra Rafeekh Mele 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYWhile purchasing and supplier involvement in new product development has been studied, little research has been conducted into purchasing and supplier involvement in production process development/ improvement. Two hundred seventy‐one senior managers responded to a mail questionnaire regarding purchasing and supplier involvement in process development/improvement in anufacturing, service, not‐for‐profit, and government organizations. Factor scores of the research variables were analyzed using t‐tests to assess the effects of process as a source of competitive advantage, purchasing involvement, and supplier involvement on process development/improvement practice and strategy. Contingency table analysis with the chi‐square statistic was used to assess the effects of industry category. It was found that processes contribute to competitive advantage, purchasing plays a major role in process development/improvement, and that purchasing and supplier involvement contributes to process development/improvement in all industry categories. These contributions are greatest in manufacturing. The implications of this research to purchasing professionals, researchers, and academicians are discussed.
The Relationship Among Purchasing Benchmarking, Strategic Purchasing, Firm Performance, and Firm Size
Authors: Carr Amelia S. , Smeltzer Larry R. 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYBenchmarking is not a new process, but it has received increasingly more emphasis within the purchasing process during the recent past. This article presents a brief background and description of benchmarking. The literature on the value of benchmarking is then reviewed. Next, hypotheses are presented and tested on the relationship among benchmarking, strategic purchasing, and firms’ performance. Finally, research and managerial implications of the research results are discussed.
Vendor Selection Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Petroni Alberto , Braglia Marcello 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYPurchasing managers need to periodically evaluate supplier performance in order to retain those suppliers which meet their requirements in terms of several performance criteria. The evaluation element typically consists of identifying the attributes, criteria, or factors relevant to the decision and then measuring or rating each vendor by considering each of the relevant factors. A critical part of the overall supplier selection process is the determination of the relative importance of each of the factors. This article presents an alternative decision model to evaluate the relative performance of suppliers that have multiple outputs and inputs. This approach is based on a multivariate statistical method, principal component analysis, that uses information obtained from eigenvalues to combine different ratio measures defined by every input and every output. The method has been employed to aggregate multiple performance measures for a real‐world data set of suppliers of a medium‐sized firm operating in the bottling machinery industry.