bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Association Between Selected Candidate Gene Polymorphisms and Severe Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Wohlfahrt Johan C. , Wu Tianxia , Hodges James S. , Hinrichs James E. , Michalowicz Bryan S. 
Published: March 2006

Background: Chronic periodontitis (CP) risk is influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Using a case‐control design, we tested for associations between CP and selected DNA sequence variations (single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) in or near genes coding for proteins that play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.Methods: DNA was analyzed from 219 whites who were examined clinically. Cases (N = 137) were ≥35 years of age with eight or more teeth having ≥5 mm of proximal clinical attachment loss. Controls (N = 82) were ≥45 years of age with minimal or no proximal attachment loss or pocketing. Nine diallelic polymorphisms (gene and SNP descriptor) were studied in subjects: cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4, 49 A>G), human β‐defensin‐1 (DEFB1, 692 G>A), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1, 1548 A>G), Fas ligand (fasL, −844 C>T), inducible costimulator (ICOS, 3990 G>T), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6, −174 G>C), cysteine‐cysteine chemokine receptor‐5 (CCR5, 59653 C>T), osteoprotegerin (OPG, 245 T>G), and osteopontin (OPN, 707 C>T). Genotypes were determined using an automated fluorogenic 5′‐nuclease, polymerase chain reaction‐based assay. Gender and smoking history (pack‐years) were included as covariates in logistic regression analyses.Results: Heavy smoking (>10 pack‐years) and male gender were significantly associated with disease (P <0.001). For all SNPs tested, the allele frequencies and distributions of genotypes did not differ between cases and controls (P >0.05). No unadjusted or adjusted odds ratios (comparing genotypes in cases versus controls) were significantly different than 1.0 (P >0.05) under any additive, dominant, or recessive inheritance model.Conclusions: None of the SNPs tested were strongly associated with generalized severe chronic periodontitis in North American whites. A potentially more fruitful approach in future studies will be to test for associations between periodontitis and haplotype blocks constructed from either multiple SNPs in candidate gene regions or from panels of markers that span the entire genome.
The Extent of Alveolar Bone Loss Is Associated With Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Japanese Men
Authors: Saito T. , Murakami M. , Shimazaki Y. , Matsumoto S. , Yamashita Y. 
Published: March 2006

Background: The treatment of periodontal disease in diabetic patients is reported to have a beneficial effect on their glucose control. A recent study indicated that having deep pockets is significantly associated with past development of glucose intolerance in non‐diabetic individuals using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). These findings suggest that periodontal disease is a risk factor for diabetes, although more evidence is needed.Methods: A total of 193 Japanese men aged 50 to 54 years with at least 10 teeth were examined as part of a comprehensive health examination before retirement from the Japan Self‐Defense Force. Alveolar bone loss of the posterior teeth was measured on a panoramic x‐ray film. An OGTT was administered and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes were defined. The relationships between the mean ratio of alveolar bone loss to root length and OGTT results were analyzed after adjusting for known risk factors for diabetes.Results: The proportion of subjects with IGT increased significantly in the subjects with higher tertiles of alveolar bone loss (P <0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis excluding diabetic subjects, the adjusted OR for IGT to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) increased in subjects with higher tertiles of alveolar bone loss (P for trend = 0.03). In the subjects with the highest tertile of alveolar bone loss, the adjusted OR for IGT to NGT was 4.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41 to 12.9; P = 0.01).Conclusion: The degree of alveolar bone loss is significantly associated with IGT, suggesting that periodontitis with alveolar bone loss is associated with impaired glucose tolerance.
Treatment of Class III Furcation Defects With Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane Associated or Not With Anorganic Bone Matrix/Synthetic Cell‐Binding Peptide: A Histologic and Histomorphometric Study in Dogs
Authors: Roriz Virgílio M. , Souza Sérgio L.S. , Taba Mário , Palioto Daniela B. , Grisi Márcio F.M. 
Published: March 2006

Background: Up until now, no predictable periodontal regeneration of Class III furcation defects has been demonstrated after treatment with different available techniques. Recently, a bone graft enriched with a peptide was developed and has shown satisfactory results when applied in intrabony defects. The aim of this study was to compare the use of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane associated (test group) or not (control group) with anorganic bovine‐derived bone matrix (ABM)/synthetic peptide, in the treatment of Class III furcation defects in dogs.Methods: Six mongrel dogs were used in this study, and the second and fourth mandibular lower premolars were extracted. Class III furcation defects were surgically created in the third premolars and filled with impression material. Afterwards, the defects were surgically assessed for debridement and root planing. Teeth were randomly assigned into test and control groups. The membranes were removed after 4 weeks, and the animals were sacrificed 12 weeks later.Results: Comparisons between groups by the Wilcoxon signed rank test showed no statistically significant differences in the parameters evaluated. In the control group, a new bone area (NBA) of 41.71% ± 24.07%, connective tissue area (CTA) of 36.34% ± 15.50%, and epithelium tissue area (ETA) of 9.39% ± 5.85% were observed. The new cementum extension (NCE) was 24.16% ± 13.18%. The test group presented an NBA of 31.84% ± 12.58%, CTA of 47.72% ± 11.33%, ETA of 9.17% ± 6.81%, and an NCE of 30.13% ± 16.43%.Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between the two therapies: ePTFE membrane associated with ABM/synthetic peptide flow or ePTFE membrane only.
Periodontal Status in Patients With Gingival Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Authors: Tricamo Melissa B. , Rees Terry D. , Hallmon William W. , Wright John M. , Cueva Marco A. , Plemons Jacqueline M. 
Published: March 2006

Background: Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) describes an autoimmune disease with a range of variants, including those with oral, ocular, and cutaneous lesions. Persistent oral lesions, lack of effective oral hygiene, and plaque accumulation may increase the risk of long‐term periodontal disease. However, to our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the relationship between the presence of gingival MMP and periodontal health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible impact of gingival pemphigoid lesions on the human periodontium.Methods: Twenty patients with histologic confirmation of subepithelial separation with or without direct immunofluorescence testing were randomly chosen to participate in a study evaluating their periodontal status. Parameters evaluated included plaque score, gingival index, bleeding index, probing depths, recession, clinical attachment level, mobility, furcation involvement, number of missing teeth, and Machtei criteria, a previously defined criteria for periodontitis. Individuals matched with respect to age, gender, and smoking history were selected and evaluated for the same parameters.Results: MMP patients had statistically significant larger mean gingival index scores than age, gender, and smoking history matched controls. Plaque scores, bleeding index, mobility, furcations, clinical attachment level, recession, and periodontal status did not show statistically significant differences between MMP and control patients. A statistically significant difference in plaque index was found when patients with MMP in treatment were compared to patients with MMP in remission. Among patients with MMP, those diagnosed >5 years in the past had statistically significantly greater Class I furcation involvement and recession on facial and lingual surfaces of teeth.Conclusions: A relationship was found to suggest that patients with MMP exhibit more gingival inflammation than a control population. Among patients with MMP, patients currently in treatment have higher plaque indices than those in remission and not receiving treatment. Furthermore, when comparing patients with MMP who received a diagnosis >5 years in the past to those with a diagnosis in the past 5 years, statistically significantly greater Class I furcation and facial and lingual recession were measured. Long‐term follow‐up in this population may provide additional information as to periodontal progression in MMP versus control patients.
Esthetic Buccal Flap for Correction of Buccal Fenestration Defects During Flapless Immediate Implant Surgery
Authors: Steigmann Marius , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2006

Background: Clinically, it is a tremendous challenge to create natural gingival esthetics after immediate or delayed implant placement. Hence, flapless immediate implant surgery has been proposed to overcome the shortfalls of these techniques. Nonetheless, one of the major limitations for this technique is its inability to correct localized horizontal/vertical deficiency, dehiscence, or fenestration without jeopardizing esthetic outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to present a new flap design, the esthetic buccal flap (EBF), aimed at overcoming this potential problem while maintaining the optimal esthetic appearance.Methods: Five consecutively EBF‐treated patients with simultaneous implant placement were included in this pilot case study. Clinical measurements were taken at the time of prosthesis insertion and 6 and 12 months after surgery. These included soft tissue height, papillae appearance, scar appearance, and mid‐buccal probing depth.Results: Data obtained from this pilot case study showed that soft tissue height was preserved, and papillae appearance remained the same as at presurgery. No scar tissue was reported in any cases. Mid‐buccal probing depths remained consistent throughout the study.Conclusion: The results indicate that EBF, together with simultaneously guided bone augmentation, allows clinicians to correct apical buccal fenestration defects while maintaining the supraosseous soft tissue during flapless immediate implant surgery.
Antibody Responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis Hemagglutinin A and Outer Membrane Protein in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuo , Kaneko Susumu , Tahara Tomoyuki , Hayakawa Mitsuo , Abiko Yoshimitsu , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: March 2006

Background: Hemagglutinin and outer membrane protein (OMP) are major virulence factors associated with colonization of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the gingival crevice. The genes for the 200‐kDa antigenic protein (200‐kDa AP) and 40‐kDa OMP of P. gingivalis have been successfully cloned. Additionally, the 200‐kDa AP gene has been shown to constitute the hemagglutinin A (hagA) gene of P. gingivalis. Therefore, this study was constructed to evaluate the distributions and serum levels of immnoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies specific for 200‐kDa AP and 40‐kDa OMP in periodontitis patients.Methods: Fifty patients with chronic periodontitis and 59 controls without periodontal destruction were enrolled in this study. We cloned the genes for 200‐kDa AP and 40‐kDa OMP from P. gingivalis and constructed the purified recombinant proteins. Serum levels of IgG subclass antibodies specific for both recombinant 200‐kDa and 40‐kDa OMP were determined in patients and controls by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: The serum IgG subclass distribution for patients and controls was IgG1 > IgG4 > IgG2 > IgG3 in the anti‐200‐kDa AP response, which was almost identical to that in the anti‐40‐kDa OMP response. The patient group showed significantly higher serum IgG responses to the 40‐kDa OMP than the control group (P <0.01). In contrast, IgG subclass responses to the 200‐kDa AP were not different between the patients and controls. Serum levels of antibodies reactive with both 200‐kDa and 40‐kDa proteins did not have a significant association with mean probing depth.Conclusion: These results suggested that serum IgG responses against P. gingivalis OMP rather than the hagA may be more active in chronic periodontitis.
Long‐Term Clinical Effects of a Chlorhexidine Varnish Implemented Treatment Strategy for Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Cosyn Jan , Wyn Iris , De Rouck Tim , Sabzevar Mehran Moradi 
Published: March 2006

Background: Scaling and root planing in combination with oral hygiene monitoring are still considered the therapeutic standards for periodontitis. Although this treatment concept customarily results in satisfactory clinical improvements, treatment outcome may become less favorable predominantly when full access to periodontal defects is compromised, thereby leaving accretions behind. The purpose of this study was to investigate, over a 9‐month period, the clinical benefits of a treatment strategy for chronic periodontitis based on a combination of sequential scaling and root planing and subgingival chlorhexidine varnish administration.Methods: This randomized controlled, single blind, parallel trial included 26 volunteers with chronic periodontitis. The control group received oral hygiene instructions and was scaled and root planed in two sessions. The test group received the same instructions and treatment; however, all pockets were additionally disinfected using a highly concentrated chlorhexidine varnish. Clinical response parameters were recorded at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 9 months. The impact of the initial strategy on the decision‐making process for supplementary therapy at 9 months was investigated based on treatment decisions made by five independent clinicians.Results: Both treatment strategies showed significant reductions in probing depth and gains in clinical attachment at study termination in comparison with baseline (P <0.001). However, combination therapy resulted in a significant additional pocket reduction of 0.62 mm (P <0.001). Initially deep pockets (≥7 mm) around multirooted teeth seemed to benefit most from the combination strategy, resulting in an additive pocket reduction of 1.06 mm (P = 0.009) and a clinical attachment gain of 0.54 mm (P = 0.048) in comparison to scaling and root planing alone. A trend toward a reduction of surgical treatment needs following the varnish‐implemented strategy was found (P = 0.076).Conclusion: These findings suggest that the outcome of initial periodontal therapy may benefit from the adjunctive subgingival administration of a highly concentrated chlorhexidine varnish.
Periodontal Debridement With Povidone‐Iodine in Periodontal Treatment: Short‐Term Clinical and Biochemical Observations
Authors: Zanatta Guilherme M. , Bittencourt Sandro , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Enilson A. , Sallum Antonio W. , Casati Marcio Z. 
Published: March 2006

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical effects of one‐stage periodontal debridement with an ultrasonic instrument, associated with 0.5% povidone (pvp)‐iodine irrigation in patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: Forty‐five patients were randomly assigned into three groups: the control group (CG) received quadrant root planing at 1‐week intervals over four consecutive sessions; the periodontal debridement plus pvp‐iodine group (PD‐PIG) received a 45‐minute full‐mouth debridement with an ultrasonic instrument, associated with 0.5% pvp‐iodine irrigation; and the periodontal debridement group (PDG) received a 45‐minute full‐mouth periodontal debridement with an ultrasonic instrument, associated with NaCl irrigation.Results: At the 3‐month evaluation, the mean probing depth (PD) reduction in CG was 2.51 ± 0.52 mm, 2.53 ± 0.50 mm in PD‐PIG, and 2.58 ± 0.60 mm in PDG (P <0.05). The clinical attachment level (CAL) analysis showed a statistically significant gain in all groups compared to baseline (1.87 ± 0.56 mm [CG], 1.94 ± 0.70 mm [PD‐PIG], and 1.99 ± 0.92 mm [PDG]). Intergroup analysis of PD and CAL at 1 and 3 months showed no differences (P >0.05). The N‐benzoyl‐L‐arginine‐p‐nitroanilide (BAPNA) test showed a significant reduction in trypsin activity only during the first month (P <0.05); at 3 months there were no differences compared to baseline (P = 0.80).Conclusion: This study provides no evidence that pvp‐iodine is effective as an adjunct for one‐stage periodontal debridement.
The Influence of Dynamic Occlusal Interferences on Probing Depth and Attachment Level: Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)
Authors: Bernhardt Olaf , Gesch Dietmar , Look John O. , Hodges James S. , Schwahn Christian , Mack Florian , Kocher Thomas 
Published: March 2006

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate potential associations between dynamic occlusal interferences and signs of periodontal disease in posterior teeth based on dental and medical measurements obtained from a population‐based sample in the cross‐sectional epidemiological study entitled, “Study of Health in Pomerania” (SHIP).Methods: Medical history and dental and sociodemographic parameters of 2,980 representatively selected dentate subjects, 20 to 79 years of age, were collected. The analysis was performed on posterior teeth only using a mixed linear model that considers the clustered structure of the data. The model also was adjusted with respect to known risk factors for periodontal disease.Results: The presence of non‐working side contacts only was significantly related to probing depth (P <0.0001) and attachment loss (P = 0.001). The presence of non‐working side contacts and working side contacts on the same tooth was significantly related to increased probing depth (P = 0.004) but not attachment level. The effect magnitude was a mean increase of 0.13 mm for probing depth and 0.14 mm in attachment loss. Known risk factors for periodontal disease that also showed significant associations with probing depth and attachment loss included male gender, age, smoking, education, and plaque score. Other factors significantly related to probing depth and/or attachment loss were tilted teeth, restored occlusal surfaces versus sound surfaces, elongated teeth, and tooth type (molar versus premolar).Conclusion: The effect of non‐working contacts on periodontal disease status was discernible, but weak in terms of magnitude and specificity.
Immunolocalization of Lactoferrin in Healthy and Inflamed Gingival Tissues
Authors: Eberhard Jörg , Drosos Zacharias , Tiemann Markus , Jepsen Søren , Schröder Jens M. 
Published: March 2006

Background: It has been reported that lactoferrin prevents biofilm formation and exerts antimicrobial activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cellular source of lactoferrin in healthy and inflamed gingiva.Methods: Lactoferrin synthesis was examined in relation to disease manifestation in biopsies of the marginal gingiva by immunohistochemistry. The expression of lactoferrin in cell cultures was studied by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results: Healthy gingiva demonstrated no immunoreactivity to lactoferrin in epithelial and connective tissue cells. In inflamed specimens, lactoferrin staining was related to inflammatory cells. These results were confirmed by cell cultures of keratinocytes that did not show any immunoreactivity against lactoferrin. No mRNA message for lactoferrin was detected by RT‐PCR in keratinocytes.Conclusions: These data provide evidence that lactoferrin is not synthesized in healthy gingival tissues. Therefore, elevated lactoferrin levels in the crevicular fluid of inflamed tissues originate from invading cells of the inflammatory reaction.
Effect of Manure Application Timing, Crop, and Soil Type on Nitrate Leaching
Authors: van Es Harold M. , Sogbedji Jean M. , Schindelbeck Robert R. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTTiming of manure application affects N leaching. This 3‐yr study quantified N losses from liquid manure application on two soils, a Muskellunge clay loam and a Stafford loamy sand, as affected by cropping system and timing of application. Dairy manure was applied at an annual rate of 93 800 L ha−1 on replicated drained plots under continuous maize (Zea mays L.) in early fall, late fall, early spring, and as a split application in early and late spring. Variable rates of supplemental sidedress N fertilizer were applied as needed. Manure was applied on orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) in split applications in early fall and late spring, and early and late spring, with supplemental N fertilizer topdressed as NH4NO3 in early spring at 75 kg N ha−1 Drain water was sampled at least weekly when lines were flowing. Three‐year FWM (flow‐weighted mean) NO3–N concentrations on loamy sand soil averaged 2.5 times higher (12.7 mg L−1) than those on clay loam plots (5.2 mg L−1), and those for fall applications on maize‐cropped land averaged >10 mg L−1 on the clay loam and >20 mg L−1 on the loamy sand. Nitrate–N concentrations among application seasons followed the pattern early fall > late fall > early spring = early + late spring. For grass, average NO3–N concentrations from manure application remained well below 10 mg L−1 Fall manure applications on maize show high NO3–N leaching risks, especially on sandy soils, and manure applications on grass pose minimal leaching concern.
Performance Characteristics of Sequential Separation and Quantification of Lead‐210 and Polonium‐210 by Ion Exchange Chromatography and Nuclear Spectrometric Measurements
Authors: El Afifi E. M. , Borai E. H. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTA selective separation and quantitative determination procedure for 210Pb and 210Po in various environmental matrices from different sources such as IAEA‐326 soil, phosphate rocks (PR), and phosphogypsum (PG) was developed. The tested samples were digested sequentially using concentrated mineral acids (HF, HNO3) by a programmable high‐pressure microwave digestion system. The sample solution was loaded onto a preconditioned ion exchange column (Sr‐resin) for chromatographic separation. Polonium‐210 was eluted by 6 M HNO3 then spontaneously deposited onto polished silver discs to be measured using low‐background alpha spectrometry. Lead‐210 was sequentially eluted using 6 M HCl solution, precipitated as lead oxalate, dissolved in HNO3 solution, and mixed with scintillation cocktail to be measured by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). Performance of the developed procedure was tested using a reference soil (IAEA‐326), with recommended isotope values, that was used as a quality control to assess separation and quantification efficiency (recovery %). The minimum detectable activities of 210Pb and 210Po were found to be 24 and 0.28 Bq kg−1 for the measurements using LSC and alpha spectrometry, respectively. The recoveries (%) of 210Pb and 210Po were found to be 80 and 60%, respectively. To test the validity of the proposed LSC method, a comparative study was performed by measuring 210Pb activity concentration in test samples by nondestructive gamma‐ray spectrometry.