bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral manifestations of systemic chemotherapy and their management
Authors: Carl William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany antineoplastic drugs in use now have cytotoxic side effects that also manifest in the oral cavity or influence dental management. Chemothera‐peutic agents that have a high potential for precipitating oral mucosal damage and bone marrow depression are methotrexate, cyclophospha‐mide, daunorubicin doxorubicin hydrochloride, 5 fluorouracil, bleomy‐cin, nitrogen mustard, cytosine‐arabinoside, 6‐mercaptopurine, busulfan, and L‐phenylalanine mustard. Mucositis may lead to neglected oral hygiene, which in turn may cause a chain reaction of local infections, bleeding, and septicemia in myelosuppressed patients. Preventive oral care before chemotherapy and active oral care during therapy are necessary for compromised patients. A protocol for oral care is described.
The current status of early detection and screening for colorectal cancer
Authors: Mettlin Curtis , Cummings K. Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere are several approaches to the early detection of colorectal cancer that currently are in use in various segments of the health care system. Herein, the status of cancer control research regarding symptom and risk factor assessment, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy DOuble contrast barium enema, and fecal occult blood testing is reviewed. In addition to the different technologies of early cancer detection, there are different models of disease control intervention. These include the routine clinical activities of primary care providers as well as programmatic screening of mass populations. The currently available techniques for early colorectal cancer detection appear better suited for existing patient care settings than for programs outside the direct supervision and follow‐up, of the health professional.
Radiation‐induced chronic arterial injury
Authors: Himmel Peter D. , Hassett James M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcute arterial disruption associated with infection, previous irradiation, and the postoperative state is a well‐described entity. The recognition of a chronic form of radiation‐induced arterial injury presenting years after therapeutic doses of radiation is less well appreciated. This paper summarizes the vital data obtained by reviewing the literature concerning 162 cases of arterial injury associated with prior radiotherapy. The vessels involved include coronary arteries, the aorta, renal arteries, the extra‐ and intracranial circulation, the ilio‐femoral system, and the upper extremity arteries. A review of the histologic findings, me studies regarding pamo‐genesis, and the morphology of the lesions found in these 162 patients suggests a disease distinct from the atherosclerotic process.
A comparison of results of type I and type II radical operations for carcinoma of the gastric cardia
Authors: Wang De‐Yuan , Zhang Xi‐Zeng , Wu De‐Tai , Wei Jian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring 1954–1981, 527 patients with cancer of the gastric cardia underwent resection. Of these, 146 underwent type I radical operation (trans‐thoracic resection) with eight (5.5%) operative deaths; 344 underwent type n radical operation (abdominothoracic resection) with 42(12.2%) operative deaths; and 37 with Stage IV lesions underwent extended operation or palliative operation with 4(10.8%) operative deaths. Of 440 cases of Stage I‐HI cases that survived die operation, die 5‐year survival rate was 18.5%. and the 10‐year survival rate was 10.7%. For stage I cancer, the end results of type I and type II radical operations weft' similar. In Stage n, whether the lymph nodes were positive or negative, the end result of die type n operation was better, but without statistical significance. In Stage III cancer without lymph node metastases, die end result of the type n operation was better, but without statistical significance; in those with lymph node metastases, die type n operation was definitely better than the type I operation (P <0.05).
Liver resection in malignant disease
Authors: Edwards William H. , Blumgart Leslie H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs more surgeons become familiar with the techniques of hepatic resection and the mortality and morbidity decrease, the indications for resection of malignant disease within the liver broadens. The preoperative assessment of malignant liver lesions, as well as the definition of resectability, are outlined. Indications for operative intervention as well as the results obtained are covered. The personal experience of the authors at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School Hepatobiliary Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, in dealing with malignant lesions of the liver is detailed with respect to procedures performed and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and metastatic colon carcinoma are discussed in detail. The authors' experience with each of these diseases is presented.
Intraoperative radiotherapy in stage I and II lung cancer
Authors: Hilaris Basil S. , Nori Dattatreyudu , Martini Nael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in the United States. Treatment depends on the type and stage of lung cancer. For stage I and II cancer, surgery is usually the treatment of choice. Radiation therapy is used in patients who are considered poor risks for surgical resection. Intraoperative brachytherapy is an effective alternative to external irradiation in this group of patients. From 1958 to 1984, 55 patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer were explored at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and found to have surgical stage I or II tumors, which were considered to be unresectable mainly because of severe obstructive pulmonary disease precluding adequate resection. All these patients were treated with intraoperative brachytherapy at the time of the thoracotomy. Forty‐four percent of these patients received in addition external irradiation, mainly to the mediastinum. The overall 5‐year survival calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier Method was 32%, and the local disease‐free survival was 63%. Cox regression multivariant analysis demonstrated that there is a distinct subgroup with a better prognosis based on tumor site and patient's age—ie, patients who were younger than 58 years of age and had right‐side lesions.
Current role of chemotherapy in the management of ovarian cancer
Authors: Yakushiji Michiaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA discussion of the current role of chemotherapy in the management of ovarian cancer, based on results obtained from studies by Kurume University Hospital and the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JOG) group, is presented. Higher response rates were obtained for epithelial cancer when combinations of cisplatin, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide were used. However, cancers such as ovarian cancer that form huge tumor masses cannot be cured completely with chemotherapy alone. Therefore, we think that effective combinations of chemotherapy and surgical treatment are the key to improving patients' prognoses.
Studies on the special tumor marker of cervical cancer of the uterus
Authors: Kato Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough cervical cancer is the most common malignancy of the gynecologic system, very few tumor markers have been specially prepared for this disease. This article reviews some of the current investigations of those markers, particularly describing TA‐4, a tumor antigen of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, which has currently been widely used in clinical practice.
Patterns of inheritance of colonic polyps
Authors: Watne Alvin L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhile the inheritance pattern of familial polyposis coli is established as an autosomal dominant pattern, the expression of the various extracolonic manifestations associated with the neoplastic polyposis is less well understood. The discrete polyp cancer syndrome may not be recognized unless both polyps and colon cancer are considered in the inheritance pattern. The hamartomatous polyps follow a Mendelian‐dominant inheritance pattern for the Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome, while the inheritance pattern for the juvenile polyposis syndromes is less clear. Cowden's disease appears in a Mendelian dominant pattern, but the occurrence of colonic polyps is less well documented. The ganglioneuromas follow a mendelian dominant inheritance pattern, while the relationship and occurrence of colonic polyps in association with Torre's syndrome is uncertain. The Mendelian dominant inheritance pattern for the cancer family syndrome is documented; the role of colon polyps in this syndrome is less well understood. A further understanding of the inheritance patterns of these various colon polyps will lead to more understanding of the basic disease and help in prevention and early detection for treatment and cure.
Dental and bone abnormalities in patients with familial polyposis coli
Authors: Carl William , Herrera Lemuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDental and bone abnormalities of the maxilla and mandible are present in approximately 80% of patients with familial polyposis coli. The dental abnormalities include impacted teeth (other than third molars), supernumerary teeth, congenitally missing teeth, fused roots of first and second molars, and unusually long and tapered roots of posterior teeth. The bone lesions consist mostly of osteomas, either isolated or in clusters, in the maxilla and mandible or of exostoses with lateral and/or lingual extensions. Since dental and bone abnormalities are already present early in life there is a strong suggestion that they may be used as diagnostic features in the recognition of familial polyposis coli.
Incidence of associated diseases in familial polyposis coli
Authors: Bülow Steffen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this review we present diseases associated with hereditary polyposis syndromes. In addition to the known extracolonic manifestations of the so‐called Gardner's syndrome, other important diseases are carcinomas of the thyroid and of the small bowel and bile duct adenoma. The incidence of these diseases is discussed.
Causes of death in patients with familial polyposis coli (FPC)
Authors: Herrera‐Ornelas Lemuel , Elsiah Sayed , Petrelli Nicholas , Mittelman Arnold 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAutopsy reports from patients with familial polyposis coli were obtained from the Roswell Park Memorial Institute Registry as well as clinical data on patients with familial polyposis coli with regard to their causes of death. Although the latter group did not undergo autopsy they were the subject of a close follow‐up. From this data it is clear that diagnosis at an early age may not diminish the chances of the patient with familial polyposis to develop cancer. Removal of the colonic mucosa does not provide absolute assurance that patients with this condition will be cured, as these patients remain at considerable risk for developing other benign and malignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and perhaps also of other organs. Close follow‐up of FPC patients who have had surgery for colorectal polyps or cancer is necessary. Other proliferative abnormalities of FPC patients include an abnormal fibroblastic response, tendency to develop adhesions, and the propensity for developing desmoids. Desmoids may follow a slow but unrelenting course with a lethal outcome. Autopsy findings support the view that there should be no distinction between familial polyposis coli and Gardner's syndrome.
Biochemical markers in patients with familial colonic neoplasia
Authors: Luk Gordon D. , Silverman Ann L. , Giardiello Francis M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany potential markers, including biochemical markers, have been studied in an attempt to identify the presence of early colorectal neoplasia or risk of neoplasia, particularly in those families with hereditary colonic neoplasia syndromes. Unfortunately, most of these markers are useless in screening or diagnosis. Nevertheless, such markers as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19‐9 may have a role in pretherapeutic and post‐therapeutic monitoring of disease or recurrence. The newer tumor markers, including the carbohydrate markers, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and the polyamines, are of great interest as potential tumor markers; ODC and the polyamines may also have a future potential as therapeutic targets. However, further studies are needed to determine their true sensitivity and specificity in hereditary colonic neoplasia syndromes, as well as in patients without genetic syndromes who are at risk for colorectal cancer.
Endoscopic Nd‐YAG laser treatment of gastrointestinal polyps in patients with familial polyposis
Authors: Herrera‐Ornelas Lemuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe introduction of the laser into clinical practice has augmented our options for local control of neoplasias. Herein is presented a preliminary report in the use of laser via endoscopy in selected patients with inherited gastrointestinal polyposis.
Tissue culture assays in familial polyposis coli: Observations and considerations
Authors: Kopelovich Levy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present studies illustrate the utility of biomarkers that occur systemically in two of the relatively frequent, dominantly inherited, precancer disorders: adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) and neurofibromatosis (NF). These biomarkers provide insight about the initiated cell phenotype, systemic abnormalities and cancer progression, genetic determinants of cancer predisposition, and clinical‐genetic considerations. In conjunction with clinical signs, these biomarkers can be used to determine gene expression and gene penetrance. Biomarkers are currently being used in a study of a kindred in which, remarkably, a patient manifested both ACR and NF. Extension of these studies may permit the early detection of cancer in the general population, including “cancer‐cured” individuals.
Dynamics of glycoprotein metabolism in familial polyposis coli‐derived colonic epithelial tissue
Authors: Quinlan Dennis C. , Davidson Ann , Watne Alvin L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFamilial polyposis coli is a disease state that offers an opportunity to obtain colon tissue in a predictable manner in terms of identifying putative premalignant markers. Our results support the hypothesis that a sequential series of alterations occur in the dynamics of glycoprotein metabolism as normal colonic mucosa progresses to colon adenocarcinoma. Specifically, both nonmalignant polyps and colon adenocarcinoma tissue expressed diminished glycosylation of proteins, whereas an elevated level of activity for membrane‐associated glycosyltransferases does not appear until colon cancer itself develops.
Much abnormality in colonic mucosa in patients with familial polyposis coli
Authors: Muto Tetsuichiro , Acawa Senichiro , Ooya Masatoshi , Morioka Yasuhiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractColonic mucosa of the left colon in 41 patients with familial polyposis coli (FPC) was stained by a periodic acid‐thionin Schiff/potassium hydroxide/ periodic acid‐Schiff method in which the normal colonic mucosa usually stained red and carcinoma stained blue or purple. In FPC 82.9% stained blue or purple whereas 35.5% stained blue or purple in normal controls. The data suggest that sialomucin properties of the flat mucosa surrounding polyps in FPC are different from those of the normal colon and that this simple technique may be useful for the early detection of high‐risk family members in the FPC family.
Much histochemistry in colonic polyps and cancer
Authors: Boland C. Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMucins are the predominant glycoproteins found in gastrointestinal epithelia, and their structures differ according to the location in the GI tract and the state of cellular differentiation. Different forms of mucin are secreted in colonic polyps and cancers compared to those found in the normal colon. This paper reviews the methods available to probe mucin structure and the state of knowledge regarding the structures of neoplasia‐associated mucins. Many of the assumptions made in the interpretation of classical histochemical stains on tissue sections have recently been questioned, and new insight into mucin structure has been gained from the development of newer methodologies such as lectin histochemistry and immunocytochemistry that use well‐defined monoclonal antibodies.
Sarcomas of the jaw
Authors: Yoel José , Aguilar Osvaldo González , Simkin David Oscar , Barg Salomón 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective analysis is made of 61 patients with clinical and histological diagnosis of pure sarcomas of the jaw treated between 1950 and 1984. Surgery was the treatment of choice in 41 cases. Biopsy or palliative treatment were undertaken in the remaining patients. Twenty‐four cases relapsed before 12 months, and 12 relapsed before 3 years. Twenty‐four died before 12 months, nine before 2 years, and three after 2 years. At present there is no evidence of disease in eight patients: three out of 25 fibrosarcomas (one more than 1 year, one more than 13 years, and one more than 14 years), three out of 15 chondrosarcomas (one more than 1 year, one more than 13 years, and one more than 14 years), and two out of 15 osteosarcomas (one more than 18 years). The prognosis is gloomy. However, an early diagnosis and radical surgery contribute to an improvement in the course of the disease.
An improved technique of radical neck dissection with an analysis of long‐term results of 1,000 operated cases of head and neck cancer
Authors: Li Chen‐Chuan , Ou Shen‐Ming , Zheng Zong‐Yuan , Liao Fang‐Rong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn improved technique of radical neck dissection is presented with a report of all 1,000 operated cases of the head and neck region from 1964 to 1980 at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhongshan Medical College, in Guangzhou, China. The practice has proved that our operative procedures are time‐saving, with less blood loss during operation, fewer operative mortalities, fewer complications, better end results, better cosmetic effects, and that the techniques are easier to master.
Latissimus dorsi and rectus abdominis breast reconstruction postmastectomy: Musculocutaneous breast reconstruction
Authors: Montoreano Isidoro E. , Pujato Domingo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe female breast is one of the most important physical expressions of femininity. Removal of this sexual organ can induce severe psychological effects. In our service the final decision for breast reconstruction is always made by the patient. We have done this operation on 115 patients: 43 with the latissimus dorsi technique (LDT) and 72 with the rectus abdominis technique (RAT). At present we prefer the RAT, done simultaneously with mastectomy or delayed, since the breasts obtained with it have in general a very natural and harmonious appearance.
Comparative study of long‐term effects of surgical excision and excision combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy in breast cancer: An analysis of 192 cases
Authors: Zhou Hui‐Nan , Wan De‐Sen , Yang Ming‐Tian , Zhan You‐Ging 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinical data of 192 patients with breast cancer with a primary lesion of 2‐5 cm (stage II according to the criteria recommended by the UICC) and with histopathologically confirmed positive axillary lymph nodes were analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) surgical excision alone; 2) surgery plus irradiation; and 3) surgery plus chemotherapy. It was shown that the 5‐year survival rates for these groups were 40.5%, 61.0%, and 62.0%, respectively (P < .05).
Histological diagnosis and grading of soft‐tissue sarcomas
Authors: Leyvraz Serge , Costa José 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrading methodology for soft‐tissue tumors is not yet unequivocally established. The authors use a system that is an elaboration upon that of the National Cancer Institute: grade 1 or low‐grade lesions are malignant lesions with minimal risk of metastases with a tendency for local recurrence if not totally excised, and with a capability for progression to a higher grade with recurrence; grades 2 and 3 are high‐grade lesions with a significant risk of metastases; grade 2 are lesions with intermediate aggressiveness, and grade 3 are highly malignant lesions with dissemination early in the course of the disease. Whereas the great majority of grade 3 lesions recur within 24 months of the initial diagnosis, patients with grade 2 lesions may go recurrence‐free beyond 36 months. Although more experience is needed in grading soft‐tissue sarcomas, it is hoped that grading will continue to contribute to the management of patients with malignant tumors of the soft tissue. It represents an adjunct to histological typing, which is useful in conveying the degree of biological aggressiveness as judged by histological features. Histologically 80% of the lesions can be classified on the basis of hematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections and other conventional special stains. In some instances electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry are necessary for histotyping. The most challenging area for histopathological differential diagnosis remains the distinction of tumor‐like reactive conditions, and pleomorphic benign tumors from sarcomas.
Tumors of the peripheral nervous system
Authors: Ariel Irving M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMost nerve tumors (benign and malignant) do not arise from the nerves per se, but from the supporting cells; tumors arising from the cells of Schwann are termed schwannoma or neurilemmoma—benign or malignant. Surgical extirpation is the most effective treatment for these tumors. Radiation therapy can offer significant palliation and prolongation of life, but no cures have been observed. Benign tumors can be treated by local surgical extirpation; malignant tumors must be radically resected, including major amputation where indicated. Neurofibromatosis (von Reckling‐hausen's disease) is a genetic error of metabolism with a proclivity to produce multiple neurofibromas and, in about 10% of the patients, malignant neurilemmomas. Of 100 patients with malignant neurilemmomas treated by the author, 74 were considered determinate; among them, the 10‐year “cure” rate was 32%. Patients with von Recklinghausen's disease had almost as good a 10‐year survival rate as those with solitary malignant schwannoma (30% vs. 39%).