bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Surface Chemistry on the Removal of Indigo Carmine Dye Using Apricot Stone Active Carbon
Authors: Gad Hamdi M.H. , El-Hakim Abd. , Daifullah A.M. 
Published: January 2008

A biomass agricultural waste material, i.e. apricot stone, was used as an adsorbent either as received (AP), after carbonization at 500°C (C-AP), and after chemical activation using H3PO4 (H-APC) or using KOH (K-APC) followed by carbonization at 500°C. The four adsorbents were characterized by various techniques (e.g. BET specific surface area measurements, FT-IR spectroscopy and measurements of the total pore volume, density, pH and moisture content). Preliminary investigations showed that the highest uptake was exhibited by K-APC. Factors affecting the removal of Indigo Carmine (IC) dye using K-APC were investigated. The amounts of co-existing ions as well as those removed during the desorption process were determined quantitatively. The results obtained were examined using two-parameter equilibrium models (Langmuir and Freundlich equations). Studies of the process at 30, 50 and 70°C demonstrated that adsorption was endothermic. The effects of cations, e.g. K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+, on dye removal were investigated. The monolayer capacity of K-APC was 552.5 mg/g. The proposed mechanism suggests that surface chemistry rather than the surface texture of the activated carbon plays a significant role in the process. Thus, K-APC can be considered as a novel adsorbent for the removal of IC dye from waste effluents.
Regulation of proteasome-mediated protein degradation during oxidative stress and aging
Authors: Breusing Nicolle , Grune Tilman 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Protein degradation is a physiological process required to maintain cellular functions. There are distinct proteolytic systems for different physiological tasks under changing environmental and pathophysiological conditions. The proteasome is responsible for the removal of oxidatively damaged proteins in the cytosol and nucleus. It has been demonstrated that proteasomal degradation increases due to mild oxidation, whereas at higher oxidant levels proteasomal degradation decreases. Moreover, the proteasome itself is affected by oxidative stress to varying degrees. The ATP-stimulated 26S proteasome is sensitive to oxidative stress, whereas the 20S form seems to be resistant. Non-degradable protein aggregates and cross-linked proteins are able to bind to the proteasome, which makes the degradation of other misfolded and damaged proteins less efficient. Consequently, inhibition of the proteasome has dramatic effects on cellular aging processes and cell viability. It seems likely that during oxidative stress cells are able to keep the nuclear protein pool free of damage, while cytosolic proteins may accumulate. This is because of the high proteasome content in the nucleus, which protects the nucleus from the formation and accumulation of non-degradable proteins. In this review we highlight the regulation of the proteasome during oxidative stress and aging.
ATP-dependent chromatosome remodeling
Authors: Maier Verena K. , Chioda Mariacristina , Becker Peter B. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Chromatin serves to package, protect and organize the complex eukaryotic genomes to assure their stable inheritance over many cell generations. At the same time, chromatin must be dynamic to allow continued use of DNA during a cell's lifetime. One important principle that endows chromatin with flexibility involves ATP-dependent ‘remodeling’ factors, which alter DNA-histone interactions to form, disrupt or move nucleosomes. Remodeling is well documented at the nucleosomal level, but little is known about the action of remodeling factors in a more physiological chromatin environment. Recent findings suggest that some remodeling machines can reorganize even folded chromatin fibers containing the linker histone H1, extending the potential scope of remodeling reactions to the bulk of euchromatin.
Human butyrylcholinesterase components differ in aryl acylamidase activity
Authors: Montenegro María F. , Moral-Naranjo María T. , Páez de la Cadena María , Campoy Francisco J. , Muñoz-Delgado Encarnación , Vidal Cecilio J. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Apart from its esterase activity, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) displays aryl acylamidase (AAA) activity able to hydrolyze o-nitroacetanilide (ONA) and its trifluoro-derivative (F-ONA). We report here that, despite amidase and esterase sites residing in the same protein, in human samples depleted of acetylcholinesterase the ratio of amidase to esterase activity varied depending on the source of BuChE. The much faster degradation of ONA and F-ONA by BuChE monomers (G1) of colon and kidney than by the tetramers (G4) suggests aggregation-driven differences in the AAA site between single and polymerized subunits. The similar ratio of F-ONA to butyrylthiocholine hydrolysis by serum G1 and G4 forms support structural differences in the amidase site according to the source of BuChE. The changing ratios of amidase to esterase activities in the human sources probably arise from post-translational modifications in BuChE subunits, the specific proportion of monomers and oligomers and the variable capacity of the tetramers for degrading ONA and F-ONA. The elevated amidase activity of BuChE monomers and the scant activity of the tetramers justify the occurrence of single BuChE subunits in cells as a means to sustain the AAA activity of BuChE which otherwise could be lost by tetramerization.
Remarkable Ligand Effect in Ni‐ and Pd‐Catalyzed Bisthiolation and Bisselenation of Terminal Alkynes: Solving the Problem of Stereoselective Dialkyldichalcogenide Addition to the CC Bond
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Gayduk Konstantin A. , Beletskaya Irina P. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe have developed two new catalytic systems based on Ni and Pd complexes to solve the challenging problem of dialkyldichalcogenide (Alk2E2; E=S, Se) addition to alkynes. A comparative study of two catalytic systems—Ni/PMe2Ph and Pd/PCy2Ph—has revealed that the Ni catalyst is superior with respect to high catalytic activity and more general scope relative to the Pd system. A novel synthetic methodology was developed for the preparation of (Z)‐bis(alkylthio)alkenes and (Z)‐bis(alkylseleno)alkenes from terminal alkynes with excellent stereoselectivity and high yields.
Utilizing Reversible Copper(II) Peptide Coordination in a Sequence‐Selective Luminescent Receptor
Authors: Stadlbauer Stefan , Riechers Alexander , Späth Andreas , König Burkhard 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlthough vast information about the coordination ability of amino acids and peptides to metal ions is available, little use of this has been made in the rational design of selective peptide receptors. We have combined a copper(II) nitrilotriacetato (NTA) complex with an ammonium‐ion‐sensitive and luminescent benzocrown ether. This compound revealed micromolar affinities and selectivities for glycine‐ and histidine‐containing sequences, which closely resembles those of copper(II) ion peptide binding: the two free coordination sites of the copper(II) NTA complex bind to imidazole and amido nitrogen atoms, replicating the initial coordination steps of non‐complexed copper(II) ions. The benzocrown ether recognizes the N‐terminal amino moiety intramolecularly, and the significantly increased emission intensity signals the binding event, because only if prior coordination of the peptide has taken place is the intramolecular ammonium ion–benzocrown ether interaction of sufficient strength in water to trigger an emission signal. Intermolecular ammonium ion–benzocrown ether binding is not observed. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed the binding constants derived from emission titrations. Thus, as deduced from peptide coordination studies, the combination of a truncated copper(II) coordination sphere and a luminescent benzocrown ether allows for the more rational design of sequence‐selective peptide receptors.
Synthesis of tritium‐ and deuterium‐labeled budesonide
Authors: Latli Bachir , Krishnamurthy Dhileep , Senanayake Chris 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTritium‐labeled budesonide was prepared by the selective reduction of a double bond in the butenylenedioxy side chain using carrier‐free tritium and palladium on carbon as a catalyst in absolute ethanol. Although the reduction gave a mixture of the desired product and the expected byproducts resulting from over reduction of the other double bonds in ring A, the desired tritium‐labeled budesonide was easily isolated by reverse phase HPLC and with specific activity of 54 Ci/mmol. [D8]‐budesonide was prepared from 16α‐hydroxyprednisolone and D8‐butyraldehyde in 1,4‐dioxane in the presence of perchloric acid. The isotopic enrichment was found to be more than 99 atom% D. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy characterization of glass/refractory interfaces: A tool to improve the quality of the industrial glass production
Authors: Galinetto Pietro , Falcone Roberto , Negri Elisabetta , Verità Marco 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe report on micro‐Raman spectroscopy as a tool to improve the quality of the industrial glass production. Crystalline inclusions, commonly called stones, are very dangereous defects present in industrial glass products. To minimize this technological problem, the detailed knowledge of the formation and transformation processes of these defects is required, and a complete identification of the different phases requires a multianalytical approach. Micro‐Raman measurements were performed on a series of laboratory samples with different chemical compositions. Performing linear scanning and mapping of Raman features, we obtained a well‐defined characterization of the evolution and nature of stones. In addition, information on the crystallization degree of the reaction layers was obtained by correlating the shape and intensity of the photoluminescence of Cr3+ impurities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of multi‐phosphopeptides by μHPLC–ESI‐MS/MS with alkaline phosphatase treatment
Authors: Wang Hui , Duan Jicheng , Zhang Lihua , Liang Zhen , Zhang Weibing , Zhang Yukui 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe detection of phosphopeptides, especially multi‐phosphopeptides, by tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) is a great challenge due to their low abundance and the poor ionization efficiency of samples. In our recent study, a strategy was proposed for the analysis of trace multi‐phosphopeptides which combined selective enrichment of phosphorylated peptides by TiO2 and dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase (AP). After separation by μHPLC, the profiles of enriched peptides before and after AP treatment were compared, and the additional peaks appearing in the latter case hinted at the existence of multi‐phosphopeptides. Subsequently, an incomplete dephosphorylation reaction was performed to partially remove the phosphate groups so that the phosphorylation sites of the multi‐phosphopeptides might be estimated. Through analysis of the digests of β‐casein and extracted proteins of bovine milk, more information on the multi‐phosphopeptides was obtained by μHPLC–ESI‐MS/MS than that obtained without AP treatment, which demonstrated that such a strategy might supply some potential information about trace multi‐phosphopeptides lost in shotgun analysis.
Preparation and Properties of Salicylic Acid‐Imprinted Polymers from Emulsions
Authors: Li Qiu , Zhang Wei‐ying , Li Xiao 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSummary: Molecularly imprinted polymers with specific recognition to salicylic acid (SA‐MIPs) were prepared by oil‐in‐water emulsion polymerization using salicylic acid as template, acrylamide as functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker. The morphology and size distribution of the SA‐MIPs were detected by SEM and photon cross correlation spectrometry. Equilibrium binding experiments and Scatchard analyses were carried out to investigate the selectivity of the SA‐MIPs. The results show that the SA‐MIPs exhibit a higher affinity and selectivity to salicylic acid than to m‐hydroxybenzoic acid and sulfosalicylic acid. Two classes of binding sites were produced in the SA‐MIPs and the equilibrium dissociation constants were estimated to be 2.03 and 9.97 mmol/L, respectively.
Reverse Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of MMA in the Presence of CaCO3/SiO2 Two‐Component Composite Particles
Authors: Jiang Long , Pan Kai , Zhang Juan , Dan Yi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSummary: We previously discovered that structurally well‐defined polymer/inorganic composite particles, i.e., poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/CaCO3/SiO2 three‐component composite particles, can be achieved via reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), using 2,2′‐azo‐bis‐isobutyronitrile as initiator and CuII bromide as catalyst. In the present study, the influence of the mass ratio of CaCO3/SiO2 two‐component composite particles to methyl methacrylate (MMA) on the rate and behavior of the polymerization was studied in detail. The results illustrate that increasing the mass ratio of CaCO3/SiO2 two‐component composite particles will decrease the overall rate of polymerization of MMA under standard reverse ATRP conditions. Thermal properties of the obtained well‐defined particles were characterized and determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that well‐defined PMMA chains grafted on the surface of CaCO3/SiO2 particles were only degraded by random chain scission of CC linkages within the PMMA chain, which is different from the degradation of PMMA chains prepared via traditional radical polymerization. This difference is reasonably ascribed to the difference between the end groups of PMMA prepared via reverse ATRP and that via traditional radical polymerization, which has been confirmed by end group analysis measured by 1H–NMR spectroscopy.
Preparation and Pyroelectric Properties of Poly(pentafluorostyrene)‐r‐Poly(4‐vinylaniline) Copolymer Films
Authors: Xu Zuxun , Wang Shimin , Wang Lihua , Fang Zhangjian , Wang Xianbao 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAbstract: In this study poly(pentafluorostyrene)‐ran‐poly(4‐vinylaniline) (PPFS‐r‐PVA) was synthesized by solution polymerization with AIBN utilized as an initiator. The dilute THF solution of the resultant copolymer was spin‐coated onto clean Ag/Si(100) substrates, and then the copolymer film was electrically poled at 85 °C for 30 min using a plane poling method with a poling voltage of 7.0 kV. The pyroelectric coefficient was determined by a digital integral method and carried out with a charge integral instrument. It was observed that the average pyroelectric coefficient of the resultant PPFS‐r‐PVA was 20.4 µC/cm2K in the range of 20–45 °C, and the average dielectric loss is about 0.2298 between 3.2 × 104–1.0 × 106 Hz.
The concept of spirituality: its role within health promotion practice in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Fleming Sean , Evans David S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSpirituality is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of health, and it has been adopted by the World Health Organization as part of its seven principles of health promotion. However, little is known about the extent to which it is incorporated into health promotion practice. This paper reports on a survey on spirituality and its perceived role in health and well‐being among Health Promotion Officers within Health Promotion Services in the Republic of Ireland. Although the importance of spiritual health promotion was recognized, it was discussed within health promotion practice relatively infrequently. The need for training in spiritual health promotion, a working definition of spirituality, and a set of guidelines for engagement with client groups were highlighted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical mobility management for fast handoff and load distribution in IPv6 networks
Authors: Seo Jae‐Kwon , Lee Kyung‐Geun 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) has been proposed by the Internet engineering task force (IETF) to compensate for such problems as handover latency and signalling overhead when employing Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6). HMIPv6 supports micro‐mobility within a domain and introduces a new entity, namely mobility anchor point (MAP) as a local home agent (HA). However, HMIPv6 has caused load concentration at a particular MAP and longer handover latency when an inter‐domain handover occurs. In order to solve such problems, this paper establishes a virtual domain (VD) of a higher layer MAP and proposes a MAP changing scheme. The MAP changing scheme enables complete handover by using binding‐update of the on‐link care of address (LCoA) only when inter‐domain handover occurs. In addition, the concentrated load of a particular MAP is distributed as well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthese und Kristallstrukturen der Bismutchalkogenolate Bi(SC6H5)3, Bi(SeC6H5)3 und Bi(S‐4‐CH3C6H4)3
Authors: Sommer Heino , Eichhöfer Andreas , Fenske Dieter 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSynthesis and Crystal Structures of Bismuth Chalcogenolato Compounds Bi(SC6H5)3, Bi(SeC6H5)3, and Bi(S‐4‐CH3C6H4)3Bismuth(III) acetate reacts with thiophenol in ethyl alcohol at 80 °C to yield Bi(SC6H5)3 (1). Slow cool down of the deep yellow mixture lead to the formation of orange crystals of 1. The homotype phenylselenolato compound of bismuth Bi(SeC6H5)3 (2) has been prepared by the reaction of BiX3 (X = Cl, Br) with Se(C6H5)SiMe3 in diethyl ether. In the same way as Bi(SC6H5)3 (1) the reaction between bismuth(III) acetate and 4‐tolulenethiole results in red crystals of Bi(S‐4‐CH3C6H4)3 (3). In consideration of three longer Bi–E distances (intermolecular interactions, E = S; Se) the Bi(EPh)3 molecules form via face‐linked octahedra 1‐dimensional chains in the crystal lattice, while for 3 the 1‐dimensional chain is formed by face‐linked trigonal prisma. We reported herein the synthesis and structures of Bi(SC6H5)3 (1), Bi(SeC6H5)3 (2), and Bi(S‐4‐CH3C6H4)3 (3).
Second Hepatic Resection for Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Kubo Shoji , Takemura Shigekazu , Uenishi Takahiro , Yamamoto Takatsugu , Ohba Kazuki , Ogawa Masao , Hai Seikan , Ichikawa Tsuyoshi , Kodai Shintaro , Shinkawa Hiroji , Tanaka Hiromu 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundAlthough a second hepatic resection (SHR) for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is widely accepted, the indications for SHR have not been established. The risk factors for HCC recurrence after SHR were evaluated to investigate the indications for SHR.MethodsSubjects included 51 patients who underwent a second hepatic resection for recurrence of HCV‐related HCC. Sixteen patients received interferon therapy before or after the first operation. Six patients attained a sustained viral response (SVR) that was defined as return of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity to within the reference range and no detectable serum HCV RNA for at least 1 year after interferon therapy. A biochemical response (BR), defined as a normalized ALT activity for at least 1 year after interferon therapy with or without the transient disappearance of serum HCV RNA, was attained in three patients. The other seven patients were defined as the nonresponse (NR) group.ResultsBy univariate analysis, NR and lack of interferon therapy, high indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICGR15), high aspartate aminotransferase activity, high ALT activity, large tumor, and multiple tumors were risk factors for HCC recurrence after SHR. By multivariate analysis, NR and lack of interferon therapy, high ICGR15, large tumor, and multiple tumors were independent risk factors.ConclusionsPatients in whom active hepatitis has been controlled by interferon therapy are the best candidates for SHR. Interferon therapy should be recommended in patients undergoing resection of an HCV‐related HCC because SHR can prolong life in SVR and BR patients.
Effects of fish oil and conjugated linoleic acids on expression of target genes of PPARα and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in the liver of laying hens
Authors: König Bettina , Spielmann Julia , Haase Kati , Brandsch Corinna , Kluge Holger , Stangl Gabriele I. , Eder Klaus 
Published: January 2008

In mammals, (n-3) PUFA and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) act as activators of PPARα and alter nuclear concentrations of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) in the liver, and thereby influence hepatic lipid catabolism and synthesis. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that (n-3) PUFA and CLA exert similar effects in the liver of laying hens. Thirty hens (64 weeks old) were fed diets containing 30 g/kg of sunflower oil (control), fish oil (salmon oil) or CLA in TAG form (containing predominantlycis-9,trans-11 CLA andtrans-10,cis-12 CLA) for 5 weeks. Hens fed fish oil had a higher expression of some PPARα target genes and a lower nuclear concentration of SREBP-2 in the liver and lower concentrations of cholesterol and TAG in plasma than control hens. Nuclear concentration of SREBP-1 and its target genes involved in lipogenesis were not altered in hens fed fish oil. Hens fed CLA had increased concentrations of TAG and cholesterol in the liver. However, their mRNA levels of PPARα target genes and nuclear concentrations of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 as well as mRNA levels of their target genes in the liver were largely unchanged compared to control hens. The results of this study suggest that (n-3) PUFA cause a moderate activation of PPARα and lower cholesterol synthesis but do not impair fatty acid synthesis in the liver of laying hens. CLA lead to an accumulation of TAG and cholesterol in the liver of hens by mechanisms to be elucidated in further studies.
Midichloria mitochondriiis widespread in hard ticks (Ixodidae) and resides in the mitochondria of phylogenetically diverse species
Authors: EPIS S. , SASSERA D. , BENINATI T. , LO N. , BEATI L. , PIESMAN J. , RINALDI L. , McCOY K. D. , TORINA A. , SACCHI L. , CLEMENTI E. , GENCHI M. , MAGNINO S. , BANDI C. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe hard tickIxodes ricinus(Ixodidae) is the sole animal thus far shown to harbour an intra-mitochondrial bacterium, which has recently been namedMidichloria mitochondrii. The objectives of this work were (i) to screen ixodid ticks forMidichloria-related bacteria and (ii) to determine whether these bacteria exploit the intra-mitochondrial niche in other tick species. Our main goal was to discover further models of this peculiar form of symbiosis. We have thus performed a PCR screening forMidichloria-related bacteria in samples of ixodid ticks collected in Italy, North America and Iceland. A total of 7 newly examined species from 5 genera were found positive for bacteria closely related toM. mitochondrii. Samples of the tick speciesRhipicephalus bursa, found positive in the PCR screening, were analysed with transmission electron microscopy, which revealed the presence of bacteria both in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria of the oocytes. There is thus evidence that bacteria invade mitochondria in at least 2 tick species. Phylogenetic analysis on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences generated from positive specimens revealed that the bacteria form a monophyletic group within the order Rickettsiales. The phylogeny ofMidichloriasymbionts and related bacteria does not appear completely congruent with the phylogeny of the hosts.