bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lrp6 Hypomorphic Mutation Affects Bone Mass Through Bone Resorption in Mice and Impairs Interaction With Mesd
Authors: Kubota Takuo , Michigami Toshimi , Sakaguchi Naoko , Kokubu Chikara , Suzuki Akira , Namba Noriyuki , Sakai Norio , Nakajima Shigeo , Imai Kenji , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) regulates bone acquisition by controlling bone formation. Because roles of LRP6, another co-receptor for Wnts, in postnatal bone metabolism have not been fully elucidated, we studied bone phenotype in mice harboring an Lrp6 hypomorphic mutation, ringelschwanz (rs), and characterized the mutant protein. First, we performed pQCT, bone histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry on tibias of Lrp6rs/rs and Lrp6+/+ mice and determined biochemical parameters for bone turnover. Lrp6rs/rs mice exhibited reduced trabecular BMD in pQCT. Bone histomorphometry showed low bone volume and decreased trabecular number, which were associated with increased eroded surface. Urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion was increased in Lrp6rs/rs mice, whereas levels of serum osteocalcin were comparable between Lrp6rs/rs mice and wildtype littermates. Increase in cell number and mineralization of calvariae-derived osteoblasts were not impaired in Lrp6rs/rs osteoblasts. Rankl expression was increased in Lrp6rs/rs osteoblasts both in vivo and in vitro, and osteoclastogenesis and bone-resorbing activity in vitro were accelerated in Lrp6rs/rs cells. Treatment with canonical Wnt suppressed Rankl expression in both in primary osteoblasts and ST2 cells. Overexpression of Lrp6 also suppressed Rankl expression, whereas the Lrp6 rs mutant protein did not. Functional analyses of the Lrp6 rs mutant showed decreased targeting to plasma membrane because of reduced interaction with Mesoderm development (Mesd), a chaperone for Lrp6, leading to impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results indicate that Lrp6-mediated signaling controls postnatal bone mass, at least partly through the regulation of bone resorption. It is also suggested that the interaction with Mesd is critical for Lrp6 to function.
Vertebral Fracture Assessment (VFA) With a Densitometer Predicts Future Fractures in Elderly Women Unselected for Osteoporosis
Authors: McCloskey Eugene V , Vasireddy Sreekanth , Threlkeld Jane , Eastaugh Joanne , Parry Ailsa , Bonnet Nicolas , Beneton Monique , Kanis John A , Charlesworth Diane 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Low radiation dose imaging of the lateral spine acquired with a bone densitometer for vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) has great potential for clinical use. We have undertaken an evaluation of VFA in a prospective population cohort of elderly women to examine the prevalence of vertebral fractures, their ability to predict incident fractures, and their use in targeting therapy. Women (n = 5157) ≥75 yr of age living in the general community in the United Kingdom underwent posteroanterior and lateral imaging of the spine (T4–L4) with a densitometer (Hologic QDR4500A) at entry to a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of 800 mg oral clodronate (Bonefos) or matching placebo daily over 3 yr. The women were identified from general practice registers and recruited by letter of invitation regardless of skeletal status. The proportion of vertebrae interpretable varied from 98.2% at T12 to 57.1% at T4, with &gt;92% interpretable at levels between T8 and L3. As judged by BMD at the total hip, 19.6% of the women had osteoporosis, and the prevalence of vertebral fracture was 14.5%. Women with one or more vertebral fractures had a relative risk (RR) for incident osteoporotic fractures of 2.01 (95% CI, 1.64–2.47). The RR for hip fractures was 2.29 (95% CI, 1.63–3.21). After adjustment for age, femoral neck BMD, weight, and treatment, the RR was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.21–1.86) for osteoporotic fractures, with similar results for hip fractures (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.99–2.02). For women with two or more vertebral fractures, the adjusted RRs were 1.97 (95% CI, 1.24–2.72) and 1.86 (95% CI, 1.14–3.03) for osteoporotic and hip fractures, respectively. We conclude that VFA can frequently detect vertebral fractures in a population cohort of elderly women. These fractures, like radiographic fractures, predict future clinical fractures independent of age, weight, and BMD. Having multiple vertebral fractures was associated with greater risk of incident osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures.
Review of Nonprimate, Large Animal Models for Osteoporosis Research
Authors: Reinwald Susan , Burr David 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLarge animal models are required for preclinical prevention and intervention studies related to osteoporosis research. The challenging aspect of this requirement is that no single animal model exactly mimics the progression of this human-specific chronic condition. There are pros and cons associated with the skeletal, hormonal, and metabolic conditions of each species that influence their relevance and applicability to human physiology. Of all larger mammalian species, nonhuman primates (NHPs) are preeminent in terms of replicating important aspects of human physiology. However, NHPs are very expensive, putting them out of reach of the vast majority of researchers. Practical, cost-effective alternatives to NHPs are sought after among ungulate (porcine, caprine, and ovine) and canine species that are the focus of this review. The overriding caveat to using large lower-order species is to take the time in advance to understand and appreciate the limitations and strengths of each animal model. Under these circumstances, experiments can be strategically designed to optimize the potential of an animal to develop the cardinal features of postmenopausal bone loss and/or yield information of relevance to treatment.
Playgrounds, studios and hiding places: emotional exchange in creative learning spaces
Authors: Sagan Olivia 
Published: May 2008

This paper explores notions of space in learning, specifically that of the creative learning space. It maintains that space, far from being neutral, is both socially and psychologically constructed, and reproductive of inequality.
The paper draws directly on the psychoanalytic, Winnicottian
concept of transitional space, and supports its use and value as a tool via which to explore and deepen our understanding of the learning and creative space. The paper looks too at how the very language through which we discuss learning and its spaces is riddled with hierarchical beliefs.
Finally it argues that moves towards greater democratization of learning through widening participation must include a more nuanced understanding of the structural inequalities which are embedded in our thinking about learning and its spaces.
The present epoch will perhaps be above all
the epoch of space.

(Foucault 1986)

I wonder where you're reading this now. Did you choose to read it in a particular place? How do you feel about that space, and how is that space impacting on your reading of this paper, your enjoyment or not, empathizing or not, boredom or not?
Is space really that important, that it can affect the way we read, understand, learn, express ourselves? Maybe not. But this paper discusses the possibility that for some, spaces are that important, that alive, that dynamic because they are filled with emotion, or residual emotion.
Zeitungen in Bibliotheken. Aufsätze, Monographien und Rezensionen aus dem Jahr 2006. Mit Nachträgen aus den Jahren 2003-2005
Authors: Albers Christoph 
Published: May 2008

Die von Wilbert Ubbens und Dr. Willi Höfig im Jahr 1982 begründete und bis zum Jahr 2002 jeweils in Heft 3 dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlichte Bibliographie wird mit der vorliegenden Übersicht fortgesetzt. Die Gliederung nach Schlagwörtern und die Zitierweise wurden weitgehend beibehalten, um sowohl die Orientierung zu erleichtern als auch spätere Hinweise auf diese Bibliographie zu vereinfachen. Wo nötig, wurden wieder erläuternde Hinweise in englischer Sprache hinzugefügt.Für diese Übersicht wurden auch wieder Nachweise aus den verwandten Bereichen der Archive, Dokumentationsstellen und Museen aufgenommen, um die für Zeitungen wünschenswerte spartenübergreifende Zusammenarbeit zu fördern.
Emotional responses to ridicule and teasing: Should gelotophobes react differently?
Authors: Platt Tracey 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe present study examined the hypothesis that gelotophobia blurs the emotional responses between ridicule and good-natured teasing. Ridicule should induce negative feelings and teasing happiness and surprise in individuals not suffering gelotophobia. Gelotophobes will discriminate less between the two. Their responses to teasing will be similar to ridicule. A sample of adults (N = 105) specified which emotions they would experience in nine scenarios of social interactions pre-selected to represent bullying ridicule or good-natured teasing. Ridicule elicited strong responses of shame, fear and anger, and other negative emotions but low happiness and surprise. Responses of gelotophobes and non-gelotophobes were highly parallel, with the exception that among extreme gelotophobes stronger shame and fear were displayed than among non-gelotophobes. Good-natured teasing seemed to elicit happiness and surprise and low levels of negative emotions among the non-gelotophobes. Among the gelotophobes, however, it was the negative emotions; primarily shame, fear, and anger that were exhibited as the emotional response pattern. In fact, the emotion profile to good-humored teasing was highly similar to the profile in response to the bullying-ridiculing situations. Gelotophobes' perceptions do not discriminate between playful teasing and good-natured teasing. They do not identify the safe and non-threatening quality of the teasing situations. Treatment of gelotophobes should, therefore, involve helping them to identify the play-signals, i.e., the meta-message that the interaction is playful, for fun and that no harm is intended.
Measuring responses to humor: How the testing context affects individuals' reaction to comedy
Authors: Martin G. Neil , Sadler Sharon J. , Barrett Clare E. , Beaven Alison 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPsychological studies of responses to humor employ a variety of different recording methods and modes of presentation, but few have addressed whether these methodological differences affect people's responses to comedy. In the present study, participants' expressive (laughter and smiling) and cognitive (ratings of funniness and enjoyment) responses to a popular British comedy program presented via videotape, audiotape, or in script form were measured. Behavioral response was recorded either covertly or overtly by a video camera. Mode of presentation significantly affected behavioral response: the videotape and the audiotape conditions generated significantly greater laughter and smiling than did the script condition. Although the presence of the camera was not regarded as obtrusive, its presence did inhibit laughter and depressed enjoyment (but not amusement). The paper suggests that research using humorous material should carefully consider the mode of presentation and the behavioral recording conditions employed.
Remembering and anticipating stressors: Positive personality mediates the relationship with sense of humor
Authors: Cann Arnie , Etzel Katherine C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractParticipants' reports of recent stressors and anticipated stressors were predicted using a measure of sense of humor that assessed positive and negative uses of humor and measures of positive personality characteristics: optimism, hope, and happiness. The prediction was the tendency to use positive humor and/or avoid negative humor would be associated with higher levels of positive personality qualities, and that the positive personality qualities would mediate the relationship between sense of humor styles and perceptions of stress. The mediator model was supported for both past and future measures of perceived stress. Sense of humor differences explained variance in perceived stressors, but the inclusion of the positive personality qualities in the model virtually eliminated the contributions of sense of humor. It appears that appropriate uses of humor may support the selected positive personality qualities, which contribute to less extreme construal of stressors.
Humor styles and personality-vulnerability to depression
Authors: Frewen Paul A. , Brinker Jaylene , Martin Rod A. , Dozois David J. A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSociotropy and autonomy are personality dimensions that represent vulnerabilities for depression, although relatively little is known about the social-psychological mechanisms underlying this association. The present research tested associations between personality-vulnerability dimensions, depressive symptoms, and positive and negative styles of humor in undergraduates as one means of characterizing the social interaction patterns of sociotropic and autonomous individuals. Sociotropy was associated with a self-defeating humor style, whereas Need for Control (an autonomy dimension) was related to the use of an aggressive humor style. Increased use of a self-defeating humor style and decreased use of self-enhancing and affliative humor styles, were associated with increased depressive symptoms. The results are discussed relative to personality-vulnerability theories of depression.
The Progress of Chinese Legal Protection in Genetic Resources
Authors: Xuezhong Zhu , Yongtao Zhou , Jie Tang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Chinese legal protection and its development in genetic resources are subject to this paper. Since China is one of the countries with rich genetic resources, it is important to apply current legal systems and enact laws or regulations for the protection of intellectual property right in the field of genetic resources. This paper describes the present situation of the Chinese law system including laws and regulations issued by the State Council, Government Office and local governments on protection of intellectual property right in genetic resources and other suggestions being made. At the same time, this paper also discusses the trend of relevant laws and regulations of protection on Chinese genetic resources.
We are you: The plural and the dual in “we” fictional narratives
Authors: Marcus Amit 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The essay discusses grammatical and narratological issues of first-person plural (“we”) narratives. It elaborates on the repercussions of Uri Margolin's argument (1996, 2000) regarding the semantic instability of the pronoun “we”, a feature that remains general and abstract in his formulation. Everyday language tends to conceal this instability, whereas some fictional narratives accentuate it, thereby actualizing the subversive potential of the first-person-plural pronoun and highlighting the relationship of the individual “I” to the “we” group and the relationship of this group to “others”. Like second-person narratives, first-person-plural narratives may transgress the boundary between the virtual and the actual and point to the absence of necessary connection between the grammatical form and its deictic function. The essay also proposes a distinction between plural and dual fictional narratives: due to their deictic properties, plural “we” narratives are frequently more destabilizing than dual “we” narratives, which are not characterized by semantic fluidity.
“Unweaving the rainbow”: The semantic organization of the lyric
Authors: Carney James 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This article develops a semantic model of lyric poetry using the mathematical resources of René Thom's catastrophe theory. In doing this, its central aim is to show that the semantic organization of the lyric can be understood as an embryonic articulation of the basic actional competencies that underwrite narrative expression. In terms of detail, the model shows that any lyric can be conceived as a system involving three macro-structural components (the speaker's consciousness, an indifferent or hostile environment and a desired object) whose reciprocal interactions define what Thom identifies as a cusp catastrophe. In turn, this catastrophist system is shown to correspond with A. J. Greimas' notion of a narrative program, and thus narrative is identified as the superimposition of numerically different lyrical trajectories upon one another. The end result of this is a revised understanding of lyrical semantics that postulates a commonality in how both lyric and narrative refer to world.
The role of style in reader-involvement: Deictic shifting in contemporary poems
Authors: Jeffries Lesley 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This article investigates the language of two contrasting contemporary poems in English: “Mittens” by Peter Sansom and “Pain tells you what to wear” by Mebdh McGuckian. The different experiences of reading them are explored using concepts drawn from the narrative theories of Emmott (1997), deictic shift theory (see McIntyre 2006), and blending theory (see Dancygier 2005), with the aim of explaining some of the apparent differences of reader-involvement. Questions of identity and reference are raised in relation to the use of pronouns in such poems, the potential effects of blending of deictic centres is explored and the different literary effects of bringing the reader into the deictic centre or voiding the deictic centre are discussed.
A TWOOA construction for multi-receiver multi-message authentication codes
Authors: Fuji-Hara Ryoh , Li Xiyang , Miao Ying , Wu Dianhua 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
A (k, n; w) multi-receiver multi-message authentication code allows a transmitter to broadcast up to w − 1 distinct authenticated messages to n receivers in such a way that (1) not only an opponent but also any up to k − 1 receivers cannot cheat any other receivers, and (2) all the receivers can independently verify the authenticity of the messages. Obana and Kurosawa [Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 22 (2001), pp. 47–63] used a special pair of orthogonal arrays, called TWOOA, to construct a (k, n; 2) multi-receiver single-message authentication code. In this paper, we generalize the notion of a TWOOA, and then use this generalized TWOOA to construct a (k, n; w) multi-receiver multi-message authentication code, which exceeds that of Safavi-Naini and Wang [Proc. of Eurocrypt'98, LNCS 1403, Springer (1998), pp. 527–541] at least in the numbers of receivers and authenticated messages. The structures of TWOOAs are investigated. Two constructions for TWOOAs are also provided.
Zur Grammatikalisierung von geben im Deutschen und Lëtzebuergeschen
Authors: Lenz Alexandra 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This contribution focusses on grammatical peculiarities of German and Luxembourgish connected with the verb geben ‘to give’. It addresses the grammaticalization processes which have been resulted in the existential construction es gibt ‘there is’, the geben-copula, and the passive and conditional auxiliary uses of geben. The paper sets out to collect and pull together scattered research findings which address individual aspects of the phenomena, and further, to document the large number of unresolved issues surrounding the grammatical affinity of geben. Selecting from the latter the question of the historical relationship between the grammaticalized geben-variants, this contribution first reviews the hypotheses extant in the research literature before testing these against the inter- and intrasystemic variation found in German regional varieties (dialects and regional varieties).
Das Zustandspassiv – Pragmatische Beschränkungen und Regelkonflikte
Authors: Welke Klaus 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
In constructions of copula + participle II, often called “Zustandspassiv”, we find many unclear restrictions. Maienborn (2007: 83-115) explains these by pragmatics in the following way: One invariant meaning is opposed to different pragmatic readings that are gaining their existence in the pragmatic level only. We explain these restrictions in semantics itself. Restrictions in forming copula + participle II-constructions are due to conflicts between the construction meaning of copula constructions and the construction meanings of participles II. Pragmatics is mediating between the conflicting construction meanings by means of pragmatic implicatures. Due to these accommodations nearly no copula + participle construction is grammatically wrong in a strict sense, but many constructions remain restricted in their acceptability. The construction meaning of Zustandspassiv is opposed to three meaning variants of participle II. The interplay between the construction meaning of copula constructions and the three meaning variants of participles II results in different accomodations between copula-constructions and participle meanings. In some cases participle meanings adapt to copula construction meanings, in other cases the opposite process is going on. On the one hand the construction meaning of copula construction is the predication of a property to the referent of the subject. On the other hand there are a post state (target state) meaning, a present state meaning and a past time meaning of particples II. The interplay with the construction meaning of the copula construction results in four meaning variants of Zustandspassiv: post state (target state) as a property, present state as a property, past time of an event as a property, and past time meaning only. The meaning ‘past time of an event as a property’ is grammaticalizing to a past sein-passive as opposed to past werden-passive with full grammaticality. At least there are constructions that are also not completely wrong, but the accommodation to the construction meaning of copula constructions failed in a way that the only possibility of interpretation is to understand these constructions of sein + participle II as elliptical werden-passives of past tense. In this case the past time meaning of the participle completely has gained superiority to the original copula construction.
Development of an electrochemistry apparatus for the heaviest elements
Authors: Toyoshima A. , Kasamatsu Yoshitaka , Kitatsuji Y. , Tsukada K. , Haba H. , Shinohara Atsushi , Nagame Yuichi 
Published: May 2008

Summary
We developed a new apparatus for the study of electrochemical properties of the heaviest elements. The apparatus is based on a flow electrolytic cell combined with column chromatography. Glassy-carbon fibers modified with Nafion perfluorinated cation-exchange resin are used as a working electrode as well as a cation-exchanger. The elution behavior of 139Ce with the number of 1010 atoms in 0.1 M ammonium α-hydroxyisobutyric acid solution from the column electrode was investigated at the applied potentials of 0.2–1.0 V versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode in 1.0 M LiCl. It was found that 139Ce3+ is successfully oxidized to 139Ce4+ even with tracer concentration at around the redox potential determined by cyclic voltammetry for the macro amounts of Ce with 1017 atoms (10−3 M). The present oxidation reaction and separation of Ce4+ was accomplished within a few minutes.
Age determination of plutonium material by alpha spectrometry and thermal ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Hai-Tao , Zhu F. R. , Xu J. , Dai Y. H. , Li D. M. , Yi X. W. , Zhang L. X. , Zhao Y. G. 
Published: May 2008

Summary
Age is a key parameter to deduce the history of a plutonium material. An experimental method using both alpha spectrometry and thermal ionization mass spectrometry has been developed for the age determination of plutonium material. This method is based on the parent/daughter pair 241Pu/241Am ratio and has been validated using several plutonium source of known age. The results obtained are in good agreement with the last purification date of plutonium source.