bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pore Pressure Detection From the MWD Gamma Ray
Authors: Zoeller W. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Formation pore pressure abnormalities can be detected and evaluated by many known methods1. These abnormalities may be identified by drilling parameters, formation log properties, mud analyses, etc. The natural gamma ray intensity, a formation property, can also be used for pressure detection and evaluation. Using the Measurements While Drilling Gamma Ray Log, pore pressure can be interpreted at the well-site, thus providing a real-time pressure detection tool for better well control.
The gamma ray intensity, a natural radioactive property, has not been used as a primary pore pressure indicator; this paper provides a technique to use this formation property as a pore pressure detection tool. Analyses, primarily from the Gulf Coast, were made from both Measurements While Drilling and wireline gamma ray logs, demonstrating the flexibility of this method.
An Experimental Investigation of Fines Migration in Porous Media
Authors: Gabriel G. A. , Inamdar G. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Permeability decline in argillaceous sandstone formations has tendered a broad spectrum of explanations and related remedial treatments. This decline has often been attributed to the mobilization, migration, and plugging of fine particles in the formation pore spaces. While previous investigations have generally been directed toward either a chemical or a mechanical characterization of the damage mechanism, this experimental study was undertaken to comprehensively analyze both the chemical and the mechanical interactions.
In linear core tests, the flow of a chemically compatible, wetting fluid resulted in severe permeability loss when the fluid velocity exceeded a critical value. The flow of a chemically incompatible, wetting fluid resulted in a total loss of permeability which exhibited no dependency on fluid velocity or volumetric throughput. Pretreatment of the core with a cationic polymer (clay stabilizer) prevented permeability damage due to chemical incompatibility. However, a cationic polymer pretreatment could not protect the core against damage caused by exceeding the critical velocity.
Low Interfacial Tension Relative Permeability
Authors: Harbert L. W. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
EOR processes that feature a near miscible process, CO2 injected below the minimum miscibility pressure or micellar fluids, require relative permeability data to calculate the flow behavior of the low interfacial tension (low IFT) fluids. The flow behavior of low IFT fluids differs from that of conventional gas and oil or water and oil; it depends upon IFT, viscosity, and flow rate as well as the rock properties of pore size distribution and wettability. The results of laboratory core tests using an alcohol, brine, and oil fluid system in outcrop and reservoir rock samples are presented. Both water and oil relative permeability curves were found to shift upward, indicating the two phases interfere less with each other as IFT is reduced. For a given reservoir rock type, the flow behavior is adequately characterized by a capillary number defined by combined (total) fluid velocity, average viscosity, and interfacial tension. It was also found that flow tests on representative reservoir rock samples are necessary to describe low interfacial tension relative permeability for field process performance calculations.
Analysis of Step-Pressure Tests
Authors: Sengul M. M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A new technique has been developed for analyzing step-pressure test data. The technique yields formation permeability and skin factor.
Step-pressure tests involve flowing an oil or gas well at two successive constant pressures and recording the flow rates during the second constant-pressure flow period. Except for a limiting case where the first constant-pressure flow period is large compared to the second, there is no conventional analysis technique available in the literature for analyzing step-pressure test data. The technique presented in this paper is general and can be used regardless of the relative sizes of the constant-pressure flow periods.
The equations necessary for analyzing step-pressure tests were developed, and a new function, "production time function," was defined. Plotting the reciprocal of the rate data against the production time function results in a straight line. Formation permeability and skin factor are computed using the slope of this straight line. The paper includes sample application of the method to simulated step-pressure test data.
Step-pressure tests have two attractive features: (1) they do not require that the well be shut in if it is already producing against a constant pressure, such as a gas well producing against a constant pipeline pressure; and (2) wellbore-storage effects on the test data are short-lived. This paper presents a practical new technique for analyzing data from such tests.
An Analysis of Rate-Sensitive Skin in Gas Wells
Authors: Meehan D. N. , Schell E. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper documents the analysis of rate dependent skin in a gas well. Three build-up tests and an isochronal test are analyzed in some detail. The results indicates the rate dependent skin is due to non-darcy flow near the wellbore. Evidence is presented that suggest the non-darcy flow results from calcium carbonate scale partially plugging the perforations. Also, the summary of a pressure build-up study is included on the wells recently drilled in Champlin's Stratton-Agua Dulce Field.
Formation Dip Determination Using Digital Wellsite Processing Techniques
Authors: Easton Steven B. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Digital processing of recorded dip information at the wellsite can, provide detailed and accurate geological information in a time frame suitable for wellsite economic decisions. A new wellsite formation dip analysis program, Prodip*, has been implemented in the Dresser Atlas computerized logging units on a worldwide basis. The program is quite similar to the formation dip processing program currently used in regional computer centers and utilizes the same methods for pad correlation, quality assurance, and geometric solution of formation dip angle and direction. Prodip, however, is necessarily different due to the limited available memory within the computerized logging unit. Thus, the wellsite program is designed to approach the computer center program results as closely as possible under wellsite operating conditions.
The use of new data handling hardware such as array processors has greatly decreased the timing between data aquisition and computed dip presentation at the wellsite. This new hardware, coupled with the continuing evolution of computer logging units, promises significant improvements in the speed, flexibility and accuracy of wellsite data processing capabilities in the near future.
A Case Study of Retrograde Behavior in a Gas Transmission Network
Authors: Ullah M. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The paper describes an analytical approach that effectively utilizes pressure gradient, transmission factor and effective roughness for identification of the problem area of an offshore gas transmission network suffering retrograde condensation.
The paper also investigates the causes of such behavior of the network in the light of the phase behavior of the gas stream flowing through the affected area.
Measurement of Suction and Discharge Pressure Pulsations in Waterflood Facilities
Authors: Wurzbach W. M. , Happel P. E. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Recent mechanical problems with reciprocating water injection pumps prompted a study of suction and discharge pressure conditions in the Red River Bull Bayou Unit, Red River Parish, Louisiana. Frequent failures in plunger pump components and discharge lines were occurring at several injection sites within the unit. Electronic surveillance equipment consisting of an oscilloscope and pressure transducers was utilized to locate and identify large suction and discharge pressure pulses. The severity of these pulses could not be identified with standard pressure gauges. The data obtained with the electronic equipment indicated that cavitation was occurring on the suction side of the pumps due to insufficient net positive suction head. The large pressure pulsations caused by this cavitation problem were carried through the pump and amplified on the discharge side. This resulted in excessive vibration and equipment overload. Subsequent changes in the suction and discharge piping design eliminated cavitation and effectively reduced the peak pressure pulses. These piping changes were done systematically to measure the effect of each change individually. The resulting measurements gave better insight to future piping design for both suction and discharge installations.
Thermal Synthesis Protection Relay Increases Pump and Motor Life
Authors: Dickson W. D. , Oxley G. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A solid-state relay using a method new to the petroleum industry has been applied to the protection of three-phase submersible pumps and motors. The method consists of a thermal synthesis model of heating that occurs in motors due to electrical abnormalities. Conventional relays monitor only line current magnitude or average magnitude of unbalance. The Thermal Synthesis Relay monitors and analyzes all electrical components that contribute to heating. The relay interrupts the motor on the basis of an inverse time-heat curve, not the conventional time-current curve.
An Engineering Simulator for Drilling: Part II
Authors: Millheim K. K. , Huggins R. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In Part 1, the Engineering Simulator for Drilling (ESD) is described, explaining the overall design, the engineering algorithms, the use of the interactive graphics, and the software and hardware used to create and operate any drilling system.
Part 2 presents how the ESD is designed as a tool for the drilling person, giving the person the flexibility to use the ESD as a drilling time and cost analysis tool, or for well planning, or a full engineering simulator. A stand alone capability to use parts of the ESD for real time drilling analysis is also possible.
An example of how a drilling person would use the ESD to build a drilling system is given. This includes logging onto the ESD, selecting the drilling location and geology, selecting the drilling rig, the initiation of the wellbore and the design of the mud system and the drill string.
A description is given of how the user can operate the newly created drilling system, describing some of the options available to him.
All Figures are actual photographs or plots of the various ESD graphic's pictures and menus.
Exploration in Andaman Forearc Basin its Evaluation, Facies Trend and Prospects – A Review
Authors: Misra P C , Roy T K 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The paper reviews the exploration activities in the Andaman forearc basin. Structural analysis reveals various stages of evolution with corresponding sedimentation cycles. Subduction complex comprises accretionary prisms and forms the floor of the ponded Neogene sediments in the Upper trench slope and also the base of the young accretionary basins in the west of the Outer high. Unconformity overlying subduction complex is much younger in the Lower trench slope as compared to the east. Reliable and continuous reflections are absent within subduction complex. Favourable lithofacies trends vis-avis structural evolution of the area have been outlined. This has enabled to identify broadly the future hydrocarbon prospects in the region.
Analytical Study of Overpressured Area in Bombay Offshore Basin
Authors: Sahay Bhagwan 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Occurrence and evaluation of overpressured sub-surface formations are critical to exploration concepts, drilling and production operation, involving hydrocarbon resources. It is therefore necessary that inter-disciplinary technical approach is required to optimise exploration efforts in such hostile sub-surface environments. In the search for hydrocarbon resources in many areas both onshore and offshore, abnormal formation pressures have been encountered. This paper is aimed on the analytical studies on such overpressures in the Bombay Offshore basin, which is a major oil/gas province in the country.
Bombay Offshore basin which is the southern extension of Cambay basin, came into existence during Upper Cretaceous time as a result of faulting in the Deccan trap basement. Two prominent structural trends, one aligned N-S, while the other E-W, are present in the Offshore, similar to lend part of the basin.
The sedimentary section of this basin comprises mostly of shale and limestone, ranging from Paleocene/Cretaceous to Recent. Considerable facies changes has been observed in the different parts from north to south and east to west in this basin which has played a significant role in the generation of overpressure, specially in the North, North West and North East region, besides contributing to commercial/nen-commerciai hydrocarbon accumulations in different areas. Overpressured zones in this basin have been encountered in the structures, which are mostly aligned in east-west direction and are of late origin. They are also devoid of major commercial accumul tions of hydrocarbons.
The possible reason for the occurrence of such horizons which occur in the sediments of Eocene to Miocene in the Bombay Offshore basin falls in two broad categories.
Primarily Compaction and/or Diagenesis of limestone which might have created permeability barrier in the porous sequences, thus inhibiting expulsion of fluids from the rock.
As a result of work which has been done on the prediction of such overpressured horizons in the sediments with the help of DXC, Shale density, flow-line temperature and conductivity studies, etc, it has been possible to forewarn the occurrence of such overoressured horizons, in different areas in Offshore before they were uncovered by the bit and by devising Mud and Casing policies suitably, it has been thus possible to avoid many well hazords and there by achieve the objectives.
Field case histories from the area will highlight the presentation.
Some Structural Considerations in the Operation of Jack-Up Platforms
Authors: Edwards A. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Self-elevating mobile drilling or accommodation platforms, generally referred to as "jack-ups" have been on the offshore scene in some form or other for many years.
In recent years the range and capability of such structures has extended to enable them to operate in water depths of greater than 400 feet, and in areas with very severe meteorological conditions.
At the same time designers have made great efforts to avoid concomitant in-creases in costs by paying great attention to the structural design of legs, jack frame, jacking system, and hull. Whereas the aoplication of static design methods have been successful in water depths up to above 300 feet, increasing the allowable water depth above this necessitates the detailed consideration of dynamic effects and foundation behaviour.
Post Frac Pressure Analysis Tells a Story
Authors: Lee Byung , Mao Ming 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Analysis of pressure data immediately subsequent to a fracturing stimulation treatment gives indications of the fracture length and representative conductivity. A comparison of these post-treatment values allows corrections to be incorpora ed into treatment design studies and thus improves design optimization.
As a first step, the calculations of fracture length and conductivity using two case histories of wells fracture stimulated are included in this study. Some analysis considerations for designing or evaluating post-frac test are also included.
Single Point Moorings: Options for Offshore Loading, Storage and Process
Authors: Gruy R. H. , Kiely W. L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
While the concept of offshore tanker loading has been around for many years, it was not until the early 1970's that the idea of employing a Single Point Mooring (SPM) terminal as an integral part of an offshore production facility achieved wide industry acceptance. In this application, the SPM provides both a permanent (or semi-permanent) mooring for the tanker and a means for transporting oil from the seafloor to the tanker. The SPM thus eliminates the requirement for a pipeline from the offshore field to the shore which often significantly reduces the overall project cost and may allow development of marginal fields which have insufficient recoverable reserves to justify a pipeline system.
A second economic consideration in the election to use offshore loading is that it makes it possible to ship crude and receive income as soon as oil is available for a relatively small investment and in a relatively short time frame. Thus, production from initial wells can be generating cash flow while the the drilling program continues with delineation of the reservoir. Even if the economics can support the cost of a pipeline, an offshore loading system ensures income during the sometimes lengthy design and construction period and is often retained subsequent to pipeline completion as a backup system in the event of pipeline outage.
Selection of an offshore loading scenario obviously will often require in-depth analysis of many economic considerations. However, the fact that viable concepts for offshore loading are available is of prime importance and offers a much greater flexibility to the operator in his planning than previously existed.
Current Cementing Practices in the Abnormal Pressure Zone Arun Field – Indonesia
Authors: Thibault Leo R. , Calvert D. Gerry 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the Mobil Oil Indonesia experience associated with cementing the 9-5/8 inch casing through the abnormally pressured and water sensitive sand/shale Baong formation in the Arun field. North Sumatra.
The paper will discuss how the cement slurries and cementing procedures for the 9-5/8 inch casing have been modified to overcome two major problems. The first being the inability to fully displace the cement due to swelling of sensitive shales, the second being severe annular flow after cementing.
This paper will further examine the changes made to slurry design after the recent discovery that circulating temperatures during 9-5/8 inch cementing operations are considerably lower than predicted by the API schedules. Because of these low temperatures, the slurries used in the past were greatly over retarded which contributed to the long and costly afterflow periods.
Internal Corrosion in Submarine Pipelines – Methods of Detection, Mapping of Attacks and Procedures to Predict the Lifetime and Allowable Operating Pressure
Authors: Kristoffersen K. , Taberner D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The paper mentions various factors which influence internal corrosion and how they might be controlled and monitored in submarine pipelines carrying hydro-carbon products. There is a description of factors influencing the choice of inspection areas and of inspection methods. Finally, procedures to estimate the corrosion rate/lifetime and the establishment of the allowable operating pressure are given.
A New Approach for a C-100 Performance Sour Gas Grade
Authors: Greer J. B. , Schneider W. P. , Roberts C. D. , Fisher L. D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Unsuccessful exposure to hydrogen sulfide containing production fluids occurred in API N-80 and P-110 grades in the early 1950's and prompted the development of metallurgically improved and strength restricted C-75, L-80 and C-90 grade tubulars for sour service. As deeper, higher pressure wells were drilled, the need for higher performance grades escalated. For wells deeper than about 17,500 feet, economics justified higher performing quality tubulars, yet C-100 or higher performing tubulars remained unavailable.
Following similar developments in other industries facing a need for higher performing, fracture resistant materials, Lone Star Steel Company has combined advanced metallurgical and processing techniques with ID and OD imperfection removal and cold forming steps to upgrade both dimensional control and steel quality of tubulars. The result is a more conservative approach which conveys C-100 performance for the LSS-95 SSGS grade. A method for statistical analysis of dimensional properties is derived and its relationship to manufacturing process design and product dimensional compliance is presented for plain-end OCTG casing.
A Proposed Completion Method for Deep, High-Pressure, Corrosive Wells
Authors: Glaser M. C. , Roy K. W. , Dunn G. T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the development of a completion method for a well in Offshore, Louisiana. This completion was designed and built to handle a corrosive gas up to 20,000 psi at 400 degrees F from depths below 20,000 ft.
Though this well was never completed, all of the equipment was manufactured and the testing completed prior to the well being temporarily plugged and prior to the well being temporarily plugged and abandoned. This completion method resulted in new tools and techniques which will be necessary for similar wells in the future.
Stability Analysis of Miscible Displacement Processes
Authors: Lee Sheng-Tai , Gary Li K.-M. , Culham W. E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents a linear perturbation analysis of viscosity- and gravity-induced instability in miscible displacement processes. The analysis takes into account the time-dependent behavior of the basic flow solution. It also considers the velocity dependence in the hydrodynamic dispersion expressions. By solving analytically the perturbation equations, the necessary and sufficient conditions for instability in miscible displacement processes are derived. These criteria are related to the well-known Dumore's velocity and to a critical wavelength for finger growth. Furthermore, they are calculated at the most unstable location in the solvent-oil mixing zone. The equations derived then relate quantitatively major process variables to the onset of instability in a miscible displacement process.
Examples are presented to illustrate the applications of the criteria derived. It is shown that as the displacement process proceeds, the injection rate can be gradually increased. Furthermore, for dipping and stratified reservoirs, and for laboratory core experiments, a threshold time can be reached, after which the process is said to be in a state of unconditional stability.
The transverse interlayer mixing is an important variable in smearing the fingers. From a qualitative analysis on the stability of horizontal displacement processes, it is revealed that transverse dispersion is more effective in smearing the fingers than longitudinal dispersion. However, the existence of a dispersed longitudinal mixing zone is necessary for the stabilizing effect of the transverse dispersion to be operative.
Oscillatory instability can occur in a miscible displacement process. It is attributable solely to the existence of a longitudinal wave. The existence of a longitudinal perturbation can further stabilize the displacement process.
For horizontal displacement processes with an adverse mobility ratio and in the absence of a gravitational stabilizing force, transverse dispersion alone is incapable of smearing the fingers for typical reservoir length scales. On the other hand, in the case of laboratory core experiments, the small transverse dimension of the core allows the dispersion mechanism to effectively damp the growth of the fingers, resulting in a stable displacement.