bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PDGF‐A as an epicardial mitogen during heart development
Authors: Kang Jione , Gu Ying , Li Peng , Johnson Betsy L. , Sucov Henry M. , Thomas Penny S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn the developing heart, reciprocal interactions between the epicardium and myocardium drive further sublineage specification and ventricular chamber morphogenesis. Several observations suggest that the epicardium is a source of secreted factors that influence cardiomyocyte proliferation, and these factors may have other roles as well. However, the identity of these epicardial factors remains mostly unknown. We have identified platelet‐derived growth factor‐A (PDGF‐A) as one of several mitogens expressed by the rat EMC epicardial cell line (epicardial mesothelial cells), by embryonic epicardium and myocardium during mouse heart development, and by adult epicardium. Expression of the cognate receptor gene Pdgfra was detected in the epicardium, although a low level of expression in myocardium could not be ruled out. To address the potential role of PDGF signaling in heart development, we mutated both PDGF receptor genes in the myocardial and mesodermal compartments of the heart; however, this did not result in an observable cardiac phenotype. This finding suggests that mesodermal PDGF signaling is not essential in heart development, although its role may be redundant with other signaling pathways. Indeed, our results demonstrate the presence of additional mitogens that may have such an overlapping role. Developmental Dynamics 237:692–701, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The LIM‐domain protein Zyxin binds the homeodomain factor Xanf1/Hesx1 and modulates its activity in the anterior neural plate of Xenopus laevis embryo
Authors: Martynova Natalia Y. , Eroshkin Fedor M. , Ermolina Ludmila V. , Ermakova Galina V. , Korotaeva Anastasia L. , Smurova Ksenya M. , Gyoeva Fatima K. , Zaraisky Andrey G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe question of how subdivision of embryo into cell territories acquiring different fates is coordinated with morphogenetic movements shaping the embryonic body still remains poorly resolved. In the present report, we demonstrate that a key regulator of anterior neural plate patterning, the homeodomain transcriptional repressor Xanf1/Hesx1, can bind to the LIM‐domain protein Zyxin, which is known to regulate cell morphogenetic movements via influence on actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Using a set of deletion mutants, we found that the Engrailed‐type repressor domain of Xanf1 and LIM2‐domain of Zyxin are primarily responsible for interaction of these proteins. We also demonstrate that Zyxin overexpression in Xenopus embryos elicits effects similar to those observed in embryos with downregulated Xanf1. In contrast, when the repressor‐fused variant of Zyxin is expressed, the forebrain enlargements typical for embryos overexpressing Xanf1 develop. These results are consistent with a possible role of Zyxin as a negative modulator of Xanf1 transcriptional repressing activity. Developmental Dynamics 237:736–749, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells during metamorphosis of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Parthasarathy R. , Palli Subba R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe insect midgut epithelium is remodeled during larval‐pupal metamorphosis when larval polyploid cells (LPCs) are replaced by the daughters of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). We characterized the proliferation of ISCs during midgut remodeling in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Midgut remodeling is initiated at 96 hr after ecdysis into the final instar larval stage. Immunocytochemistry with bromodeoxyuridine and phospho‐histone H3 antibodies showed that the ISCs are the progenitors of the pupal/adult midgut epithelium and they undergo proliferation and differentiation to form new midgut epithelium. In vitro midgut culture experiments revealed that 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) in the absence of juvenile hormone induces proliferation of ISCs. RNA interference (RNAi) mediated silencing of ecdysone receptors (EcRA and EcRB) and ultraspiracle (USP) identified EcRA and USP but not EcRB as the proteins involved in 20E regulation of ISCs proliferation. These data show that the proliferation of ISCs is under both developmental and endocrine regulation. Developmental Dynamics 237:893–908, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liver‐specific expression of p53‐negative regulator mdm2 leads to growth retardation and fragile liver in zebrafish
Authors: Chen Li‐Je , Hsu Chia‐Chun , Hong Jiann‐Ruey , Jou Luen‐Kuang , Tseng Hung‐Chia , Wu Jen‐Leih , Liou Yih‐Cherng , Her Guor Mour 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTumorigenesis requires inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway, likely involving the negative regulator Mdm2 protein. To analyze the possible roles of Mdm2 in oncogenesis and other functions during zebrafish hepatogenesis, we generated transgenic zebrafish by liver‐specific Mdm2 over‐expression utilizing a fusion between genes encoding GFP and mdm2, GFP::Mdm2. Over‐expression of GFP::Mdm2 in the zebrafish liver did not interrupt normal liver development in the larval stages but approximately 30% of the adult fish raised from the same larvae displayed obvious growth retardation at 16 weeks of age. Most growth‐retarded adults displayed liver atrophy, contraction, or hypoplasia, which proved lethal within 4 to 8 months. Histologically, over‐expression of GFP::Mdm2 in Gmdm2‐liver leading to liver degeneration may in some way have been due to an increased cell apoptosis accompanied by a slightly interrupted cell cycle or hepatocyte proliferation. Liver degeneration or other transgenic phenotypes were not associated with liver cancer; however, liver‐degenerated phenotypes could be passed to wild‐type zebrafish. In this study, we generated transgenic zebrafish lines with a “fragile liver.” The “fragile liver” zebrafish can provide a model for molecular pathology of liver diseases and for screening small molecules that affect mdm2‐related pathways. Developmental Dynamics 237:1070–1081, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression pattern of Popdc2 during mouse embryogenesis and in the adult
Authors: Froese Alexander , Brand Thomas 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWhole‐mount staining of beta galactosidase activity in a heterozygous E15.5 Popdc2‐LacZ embryo. After staining the embryo was cleared in benzyl benzoate to visualize internal structures. Differentiated skeletal muscle tissue as well as the umbilical vessels display strong LacZ activity. Expression of the marker gene in the heart and in smooth muscle tissue of the gastrointestinal tract and the coelomic wall are not visible here. See Froese and Brand, Developmental Dynamics 237:762–769, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Level‐set based flamelet approach for simulating turbulent lifted jet flame
Authors: Kang Sungmo , Kim Hoojoong , Kim Yongmo , Ahn Kook‐Young 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe present study focuses on numerically investigating the flame structure, flame liftoff, and stabilization in a lifted turbulent H2/N2 jet flame with a vitiated coflow. To realistically represent the turbulent partially premixed nature in the flow region between nozzle exit and flame base, the level‐set approach coupled with the conserved scalar flamelet model has been applied. The unstructured‐grid level‐set approach has been developed to allow the geometric flexibility and computational efficiency for the solution of the physically and geometrically complex reacting flows. The pressure–velocity coupling is handled by the multiple pressure‐correction method. The predicted flame pattern is in good conformity with the measured one. In terms of the liftoff height, the agreement between prediction and experiment is quite good. Even if there are noticeable deviations in a certain region, the predicted profiles for the overall flame structure agree reasonably well with the experimental data. These numerical results indicate that the present level‐set‐based flamelet approach in conjunction with the unstructured‐grid finite‐volume method is capable of realistically predicting the essential features and precise structure of the turbulent‐lifted jet flame with computational efficiency. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Provenance and microprobe assays of phyllite‐tempered ceramics from the uplands of central Arizona
Authors: Abbott David R. , Lack Andrew D. , Hackbarth Mark R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe ceramics in use across a broad upland zone of central Arizona during the early Classic period (ca. A.D. 1100–1300) were characterized by a lack of mineralogical variability; nearly all of the clay containers were tempered with one rock type, phyllite. Consequently, nearly all of the upland pottery is assigned to a single pottery type, Wingfield Plain. This compositional uniformity has frustrated ceramic provenance studies, and, as a result, little has been learned previously about the organization of ceramic production and exchange in the upland territory. There are, however, considerable and interpretable chemical differences in the phyllite‐tempered wares, as shown with microanalyses of the temper fragments and pottery clay fractions with an electron microprobe. The chemical patterning is useful for investigating issues pertaining to the upland zone, including the organization of ceramic manufacture, community arrangements, and pottery transactions during a time of prevalent hostilities in central Arizona. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source selectivity: An assessment of volcanic glass sources in the southern primorye region, far East Russia
Authors: Doelman Trudy , Torrence Robin , Popov Vladimir , Ionescu Mihail , Kluyev Nickolay , Sleptsov Igor , Pantyukhina Irina , White Peter , Clements Mark 
Published: February 2008

AbstractArtifacts made from volcanic glass have been found in archaeological contexts dating from the Late Palaeolithic (ca. 20,000 yr B.P.) through to the end of the Bronze Age (ca. 2700 yr B.P.) in the southern Primorye region of Far East Russia. A geoarchaeological survey of volcanic glass outcrops assessed the various potential sources to determine their potential for sustained exploitation. A characterization study of source samples and artifacts from 27 spatially and temporally dispersed sites using a combination of PIXE‐PIGME and relative density identified which sources had actually been exploited and a technological analysis of the assemblages described patterns of use. The combination of these three approaches shows the impact of a relatively stable geological environment on patterns of procurement and exchange. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sharp ideas for controlling costs
Authors: Reider Rob 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTypically, business management shies away from cost accounting. But it is a major area of operations. And unfortunately, everything affecting the business's operations relates to cost accounting. So how can you develop effective systems for identifying, reporting, and controlling costs?This article is adapted from Effective Operations and Controls for the Small Privately Held Business by Rob Reider, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in December 2007. © 2007 Rob Reider.
In search of finance excellence
Authors: Wunder Thomas , Mueller Michael 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn recent years, CFOs have been asked to improve efficiency and competitive cost structures within the Finance department, while simultaneously meeting the growing demands of the company's operations. This occurs, of course, while CFOs have also had to face additional external scrutiny and compliance requirements. Together, these developments place themes like “finance excellence” or “finance transformation” at the top of the CFO's agenda. In many cases, the result is a comprehensive reorientation of the entire Finance organization with significant performance improvements in both Finance and the entire company. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Full absorption: The good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Vercio Alan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThere are good, bad, and ugly uses associated with full absorption costing. Good characteristics include ensuring that all dollars are accounted for. Bad characteristics include combining costs that do not have similar cost driver patterns. Ugly characteristics include decisions made with fully absorbed cost data that combines different drivers. Financial accounting inventory valuation forces us to combine unlike drivers of cost. But there is a relatively easy way to manage around this for internal reporting. An unfortunate outcome of letting the bad and the ugly creep into the full‐absorption costing process is that the value of full absorption has been undermined, and consultants often recommend not using full absorption for decision making (a case of throwing the baby out with the bathwater). This article provides insight and recommendations for getting the full value from full‐absorption costing. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NYSE merger creates first transatlantic financial market
Authors: Raiborn Cecily A. , McGinnis Michael 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe recent merger of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Euronext N.V. has created the first transatlantic financial market. The authors believe it is a marriage with a priceless wedding gift. But what are the implications of this union? © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing the psychometric properties of multiple teacher report instruments as predictors of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: Youngstrom Eric A. , Joseph Megan F. , Greene Jamelle 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe psychometric properties of four teacher report measures and their utility for accurate diagnosis of pediatric bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSDs) were examined. Participants were 191 youth (65% male; 62% African‐American; 23% diagnosed with a BPSD), age 5–18 (M=10.16, SD=3.27) years, 70% recruited from a community mental health center and 30% recruited from a mood disorders clinic. Teachers “who knew the child best” were asked to complete the Achenbach Teacher Report Form (TRF) as well as teacher versions of the General Behavior Inventory (T‐GBI), the Child Mania Rating Scale (CMRS‐T), and the Young Mania Rating Scale (T‐YMRS). Teacher response rates and missing data varied significantly depending on the age of the child. Exploratory factor analysis identified stable and interpretable factors; however, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and logistic regression analyses showed that teacher report measures were not able to discriminate BPSD cases from non‐BPSD cases, or from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases. Teacher report appears to be insufficiently specific or sensitive to BPSD for clinical diagnostic use, although teacher scales might have research utility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64: 1–20, 2008.
Multivariable control of anaerobic reactor by using external recirculation and bypass ratio
Authors: Mu Shengjing , Zeng Yingzhi , Wu Ping 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The operation of a high‐rate anaerobic process usually suffers from problems of high sensitivity to disturbances arising from environmental and operational factors. Application of advanced process controls is an efficient approach to enhancing process robustness and stability.RESULTS: A multivariable linear quadratic tracking (LQT) approach to the output tracking of an anaerobic reactor was proposed, using external recirculation‐to‐feed ratio (Rr) and external bypass‐to‐feed ratio (Rs). The anaerobic digestion process is described by a distributed parameter model with a two‐step (acidogenesis‐methanization) kinetics. A state space model was developed using linear approximations of the nonlinear terms, and an output tracking method was developed combining linear quadratic tracking (LQT) and an integral action.CONCLUSION: Simulations show that, compared with the normal LQT method and proportional‐integral (PI) controller, using both Rr and Rs and a conventional dilution rate (Dr) based single variable PI controller, the proposed control approach achieved better results in both output set‐point tracking and stabilization of effluent quality under influent disturbances and model‐process mismatch. The new control strategy also had the advantage of using less storage capacity. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Purification of Aspergillus carbonarius polygalacturonase using polymeric membranes
Authors: Nakkeeran E. , Venkatesh K.S. , Subramanian R. , Kumar S. Umesh 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Microfiltration (MF: 70–450 nm) and ultrafiltration (UF: 10–500 kDa) membranes were used to eliminate carbohydrates and other non‐protein impurities from Aspergillus carbonarius culture broth containing polygalacturonase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.15) that would otherwise interfere with the purification processes and lead to enzyme loss. Further, diafiltration was attempted to improve the elimination of impurities as well as recovery of enzymes.RESULTS:MF resulted in removal of 2–25% carbohydrates with an enzyme recovery of 69–82% from the crude culture broth owing to the secondary layer formation. UF with 10 kDa membrane eliminated most of the carbohydrates (96%), phosphate salts and total acids with a recovery of 96% polygalacturonase and resulted in greater productivity. Using the above procedure, the enzyme was concentrated nearly 10‐fold while the purity improved from 4.6 to 49.4 U mg−1 of dry matter.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study focused on the elimination of carbohydrates and other non‐protein impurities showed that UF could be used efficiently as a primary purification step during downstream processing of microbial culture broths containing enzymes. The present approach will ensure complete elimination of non‐protein impurities thereby reducing the losses and difficulties in the subsequent purification steps. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of the Stover–Kincannon kinetic model to nitrogen removal by Chlorella vulgaris in a continuously operated immobilized photobioreactor system
Authors: Karapinar Kapdan Ilgi , Aslan Sebnem 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ammonium nitrogen removal performance of algae culture Chlorella vulgaris in a novel immobilized photobioreactor system under different operating conditions and to determine the biokinetic coefficients using the Stover–Kincannon model.RESULTS: The photobioreactor was continuously operated at different initial ammonium nitrogen concentrations (NH4‐N0 = 10–48 mg L−1), hydraulic retention times (HRT = 1.7–5.5 days) and nitrogen/phosphorus ratios (N/P = 4/1–13/1). Effluent NH4‐N concentrations varied between 2.1 ± 0.5 mg L−1 and 26 ± 1.2 mg L−1 with increasing initial NH4‐N concentrations from 10 ± 0.6 mg L−1 to 48 ± 1.8 mg L−1 at θH = 2.7 days. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained as 79 ± 4.5% at 10 mg L−1 NH4‐N concentration. Operating the system for longer HRT improved the effluent quality, and the percentage removal increased from 35 ± 2.4% to 93 ± 0.2% for 20 mg L−1 initial NH4‐N concentration. The N/P ratio had a substantial effect on removal and the optimum ratio was determined as N/P = 8/1. Saturation value constant, and maximum substrate utilization rate constant of the Stover–Kincannon model for ammonium nitrogen removal by C. vulgaris were determined as KB = 10.3 mg L−1 d−1, Umax = 13.0 mg L−1 day−1, respectively.CONCLUSION: Results indicated that the algae‐immobilized photobioreactor system had an effective nitrogen removal capacity when the operating conditions were optimized. The optimal conditions for the immobilized photobioreactor system used in this study can be summarized as HRT = 5.5 days, N/P = 8 and NH4‐N0 = 20 mg L−1 initial nitrogen concentration to obtain removal efficiency greater than 90%. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrastructure of activated mouse platelets: A qualitative scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Pretorius E. , Oberholzer H.M. , Smit E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPlatelets form an integral part of the coagulation process, and their ultrastructure can provide valuable information regarding diseases associated with hemostasis. During coagulation, platelets aggregate; this aggregation can be achieved in vitro, by adding thrombin to platelet‐rich plasma. Previous research showed that human thrombin could be used successfully to activate mouse platelets. When conservative changes are included, the amino acid similarity between human and mouse thrombin is ∼75%. In this qualitative study, we compare the ultrastructure of mouse platelet aggregates activated by human thrombin as well as two concentrations of mouse thrombin, using the scanning electron microscope. Results show that both human and mouse thrombin activate platelets to form aggregates with typical pseudopodia formation. Magnification up to 250,000× showed membrane morphology with the open canalicular system pores visible in both the mouse‐ and human‐activated platelets. It is therefore concluded that mouse platelets can be successfully aggregated using either mouse or human thrombin. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of microscopy in authentication of traditional Tibetan medicinal plants of five Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) alpine species by comparative anatomy and micromorphology
Authors: Li Tao , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA comparative analysis was undertaken to conduct an anatomical and micromorphological study of five species of Rhodiola—R. kirilowii, R. yunnanensis, R. crenulata, R. fastigata, and R. quadrifida—collected from the western Sichuan province plateau of China. Rhodiola plants are a popularly used ethnodrug from the Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau of China. Modern studies have shown that the plants of Rhodiola possess different pharmacological activities, chemical constituents, and efficiencies in clinical application. To distinguish five main species of Rhodiola and ensure their safety and efficacy, microscopic characteristics of roots, rhizomes, and stems, including transverse sections, stem and foliar epidermis, as well as the crude drug powder, were observed. The fixed, sectioned, and stained plant materials, as well as the crude powder, were studied using a light microscope according to the usual microscopic techniques. The results of the microscopic features were systematically and comparatively described and illustrated. The five species have distinct microscopic characteristic differences, thus allowing us to distinguish between the species. Also, semi‐quantitative and quantitative micrographic parameter tables were simultaneously presented. Further, a key to the five species and a comparative chart of the key authentication parameters based on these anatomic characteristics analyzed was drawn up and is presented for the Rhodiola species studied. The study indicated that light microscopy and related techniques provide a method that is convenient, feasible, and can be unambiguously applied to the authentication of species of Rhodiola. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.