bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic growth and PTSD symptomatology among colorectal cancer survivors: a 3‐month longitudinal examination of cognitive processing
Authors: Salsman John M. , Segerstrom Suzanne C. , Brechting Emily H. , Carlson Charles R. , Andrykowski Michael A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIntroduction: The experience of cancer can be understood as a psychosocial transition, producing both positive and negative outcomes. Cognitive processing may facilitate psychological adjustment.Methods: Fifty‐five post‐treatment, colorectal cancer survivors (M=65.9 years old; SD=12.7), an average of 13 months post‐diagnosis, were recruited from a state cancer registry and completed baseline and 3‐month questionnaires assessing dispositional (social desirability), cognitive processing (cognitive intrusions, cognitive rehearsal), and psychological adjustment variables (posttraumatic growth (PTG), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, depression, anxiety, positive affectivity).Results: PTSD symptomatology was positively associated with depression, anxiety, and negatively associated with positive affectivity. In contrast, PTG scores were unrelated to PTSD symptomatology, depression, anxiety, and positive affectivity. In addition, PTG was independent of social desirability. Notably, after controlling for age at diagnosis and education, multiple regression analyses indicated that cognitive processing (intrusions, rehearsal) was differentially predictive of psychological adjustment. Baseline cognitive intrusions predicted 3‐month PTSD symptomatology and there was a trend for baseline cognitive rehearsal predicting 3‐month PTG.Conclusions: Additional research is needed to clarify the association between PTG and other indices of psychological adjustment, further delineate the nature of cognitive processing, and understand the trajectory of PTG over time for survivors with colorectal cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A basis for understanding fishery management dynamics
Authors: Dudley Richard G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFishery management complexity conspires to defeat seemingly obvious solutions to overfishing. Management may not adequately include decisions of fishers, management, and politicians. A new, simple, but acceptably complex fish population model is meshed with both fishery activities and management decision making. The population component is based on the common single stock biomass dynamic model. Modifications allow biomass feedback on rates of addition to the stock due to growth and to entry of young fish. Delayed and seasonal entry of new fish biomass is possible. A co‐flow structure tracks age of biomass without using cohorts. Fishers enter the fishery only if catch rates are sufficiently high. When catch rates are low fishers improve their efficiency. Excessive fishing damages ecosystem support of the fish population. Managers attempt to maintain fish stocks at acceptable biomass levels, but lobbying by fishers and varying support of politicians limits their efforts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomalous Photoluminescence in CdSe Quantum‐Dot Solids at High Pressure Due to Nonuniform Stress
Authors: Grant Christian D. , Crowhurst Jonathan C. , Hamel Sebastien , Williamson Andrew J. , Zaitseva Natalia 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe application of static high pressure provides a means to precisely control and investigate many fundamental and unique properties of nanoparticles. CdSe is a model quantum‐dot system, the behavior of which under high pressure has been extensively studied; however, the effect of nonuniform stresses on this system has not been fully appreciated. Photoluminescence data obtained from CdSe quantum‐dot solids in different stress environments varying from purely uniform to highly nonuniform are presented. Small deviations from a uniform stress distribution profoundly affect the electronic properties of this system. In nonuniform stress environments, a pronounced flattening of the photoluminescence enegy is observed above 3 GPa. The observations are validated with theoretical calculations obtained using an all‐atom semiempirical pseudopotential technique. This effect must be considered when investigating other potentially pressure‐mediated phenomena.
Fatty Acid Composition of Turkish Rhododendron Species
Authors: Carballeira Néstor M. , Cartagena Michelle , Tasdemir Deniz 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study describes work aimed at the rapid evaluation of the fatty acid (FA) composition of Turkish Rhododendron species, particularly the leaves and the flowers of the toxic plants, R. ponticum and R. luteum. The FA profiles of the available parts of three other nonpoisonous Rhododendron species were also investigated. Subtotal extracts obtained (using n‐hexane, chloroform and methanol) from total chloroform:methanol (1:1) extracts were analyzed and compared to each other. Palmitic acid was found to be the most abundant FA in almost all Rhododendron extracts, and the majority of leaf and flower extracts contained significant portions of C18 unsaturated FAs (18:1n‐9, 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3). The n‐hexane extracts of R. ponticum leaves and R. luteum flowers were unique, as they contained an unusual series of even‐chain iso FAs (C16–C24). Especially the n‐hexane extracts were found to comprise uncommon FAs with odd‐numbered carbons (C13–C29). Overall, n‐hexane proved to be the best solvent by representing the richest FA profile, whereas chloroform or methanol appeared less suitable for FA analyses. Appreciable intra‐species variations in FA compositions among the leaves as well as other anatomical parts examined were observed. This study highlights the chemotaxonomical importance of the FAs for the genus Rhododendron.
Apple polyphenol extracts prevent aspirin-induced damage to the rat gastric mucosa
Authors: D'Argenio Giuseppe , Mazzone Giovanna , Tuccillo Concetta , Grandone Ilenia , Gravina Antonietta G. , Graziani Giulia , Fogliano Vincenzo , Romano Marco 
Published: May 2008

Aspirin causes gastroduodenal ulcers and complications. Food bioactive compounds could exert beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract. We evaluated whether apple polyphenol extract (APE) reduced aspirin-induced injury to the rat gastric mucosa. Rats were treated with APE (10− 4 m catechin equivalent) before oral aspirin (200 mg/kg). Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) and heparin-binding epidermal-growth-factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) mRNA and protein expression were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively; malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by HPLC; gastric secretion was evaluated in pylorus-ligated rats. APE decreased acute and chronic aspirin injury both macroscopically and microscopically (approximately 50 % decrease in lesion score; P < 0·05). Aspirin up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of COX-2 and HB-EGF, but not of TGFα; APE reduced aspirin-induced mRNA and protein over-expression of COX-2 and HB-EGF; aspirin significantly increased gastric MDA and this effect was counteracted by APE pre-treatment. APE did not significantly affect gastric acid secretion. In conclusion, APE reduces aspirin-induced gastric injury independently of acid inhibition. We speculate that APE might be of therapeutic use in the prophylaxis of aspirin-related gastropathy.
Thomas Hobbes's Materialism, Language, and the Possibility of Politics
Authors: Dungey Nicholas 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThomas Hobbes sought a reconstruction of philosophy, ethics, and politics that would end, once and for all, the bitter disputes that led to the English Civil War. This reconstruction begins with the first principles of matter and motion and extends to a unique account of consent and political obligation. Hobbes intended to produce a unified philosophical system linking his materialist account of human nature to his moral and political theory. However, his materialism gives rise to a set of perceptions, imagination, and desires that contribute to the chaos of the state of nature. The sort of person that emerges from Hobbes's materialist anthropology is unlikely to be able to make the necessary agreements about common meaning and language that constitute the ground of the social contract. Therefore, Hobbes's materialism frustrates the very purpose for which it is conceived.
On the Roots of Rationalism: Strauss's Natural Right and History as Response to Heidegger
Authors: Velkley Richard 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe essay reconsiders the argument of Leo Strauss in Natural Right and History with “radical historicism” and above all its leading representative, Martin Heidegger. Strauss's critique of such historicism is not motivated by the need to recover a teleological natural philosophy for the grounding of natural right. Strauss's turn to “the fundamental problems coeval with human thought” is in accord with Heidegger's claim that the whole is mysterious. His reservation rather concerns Heidegger's attempt, both longing and hopeful, to show that radical questioning of rationalism can solve the problem of philosophy's homelessness in human affairs, thereby taking further modern efforts to make humans “absolutely at home on earth.” In Strauss's judgment Socratic knowledge of ignorance is more authentically open to the aporetic character of the human relation to Being.
A characterization of the Morse minimal set up to topological conjugacy
Authors: COVEN ETHAN M. , KEANE MICHAEL , LEMASURIER MICHELLE 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a dynamical system to be topologically conjugate to the Morse minimal set, the shift orbit closure of the Morse sequence. Conditions for topological conjugacy to the closely related Toeplitz minimal set are also derived.
Screening fungi isolated from historicDiscoveryHut on Ross Island, Antarctica for cellulose degradation
Authors: Duncan Shona M. , Minasaki Ryuji , Farrell Roberta L. , Thwaites Joanne M. , Held Benjamin W. , Arenz Brett E. , Jurgens Joel A. , Blanchette Robert A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo survive in Antarctica, early explorers of Antarctica's Heroic Age erected wooden buildings and brought in large quantities of supplies. The introduction of wood and other organic materials may have provided new nutrient sources for fungi that were indigenous to Antarctica or were brought in with the materials. From 30 samples taken fromDiscoveryHut, 156 filamentous fungi were isolated on selective media. Of these, 108 were screened for hydrolytic activity on carboxymethyl cellulose, of which 29 demonstrated activities. Endo-1, 4-β-glucanase activity was confirmed in the extracellular supernatant from seven isolates when grown at 4°C, and also when they were grown at 15°C.Cladosporium oxysporumandGeomycessp. were shown to grow on a variety of synthetic cellulose substrates and to use cellulose as a nutrient source at temperate and cold temperatures. The research findings from the present study demonstrate that Antarctic filamentous fungi isolated from a variety of substrates (wood, straw, and food stuffs) are capable of cellulose degradation and can grow well at low temperatures.
Sertoli Cell Morphological Alterations in Albino Rats Treated with Etoposide during Prepubertal Phase
Authors: Stumpp Taiza , Freymuller Edna , Miraglia Sandra M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSertoli cells are very important to spermatogenesis homeostasis because they control germ cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. Damages to Sertoli cells cause germ cell death and affect fertility. Etoposide is a potent chemotherapeutic drug largely used against a variety of cancers. However, this drug also kills normal cells, especially those undergoing rapid proliferation. In the testis, etoposide acts predominantly on intermediate and type B spermatogonia. Etoposide was shown to permanently alter Sertoli cell function when administered to prepubertal rats. Based on this, we decided to investigate whether etoposide can affect Sertoli cell morphology. For this, 25-day-old rats were treated with etoposide during 8 consecutive days and killed at 32, 45, 64, 127, and 180 days old. Testes were fixed in Bouin's liquid or in a mixture of 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% formaldehyde for analysis under light and electron microscopes, respectively. Sertoli cells showed morphological alterations such as the presence of chromatin clumps close to the nuclear membrane, nucleus displacement, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Some Sertoli cells also showed nuclear and cytoplasmic degenerative characteristics, suggesting that etoposide causes severe damages to Sertoli cell.
Optical Gap Measurements on Individual Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
Authors: Arenal Raul , Stéphan Odile , Kociak Mathieu , Taverna Dario , Loiseau Annick , Colliex Christian 
Published: May 2008

AbstractElectromagnetic response of individual boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has been studied by spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). We demonstrate how dedicated EELS methods using subnanometer electron probes permit the analysis of local dielectric properties of a material on a nanometer scale. The continuum dielectric model has been used to analyze the low-loss EEL spectra recorded from these tubes. Using this model, we demonstrate the weak influence of the out-of-plane contribution to the dielectric response of BNNTs. The optical gap, which can be deduced from the measurements, is found to be equal to 5.8 ± 0.2 eV, which is close to that of the hexagonal boron nitride. This value is found to be independent of the nanotubes configuration (diameter, helicity, number of walls, and interaction between the different walls).
Broccoli ‘Fiolaro’ (Brassica oleracea) an endangered typical Italian cultivar. A genetic analysis by SSR markers
Authors: Vischi M. , Fiori M. , De Paoli E. , Padovan S. , Guarda M. , Olivieri A. 
Published: May 2008

‘Broccolo fiolaro’ (Brassica oleraceaL. convar. Italica) is a typical vegetable produced in a restricted hill country area around Creazzo (Vicenza) in north-eastern Italy. The cultivation of this vegetable dates back several centuries ago, but a very few farms are still involved in the production. ‘Broccolo fiolaro’ is a variety of broccoli highly valued for its agronomic and organoleptic features.Four ‘Broccolo fiolaro’ selections were characterized by simple sequence repeats (SSRs) molecular markers and compared with other five cultivated varieties of broccoli of the Italica group in order to reconstruct their genetic structure and evaluate the degree of similarity among and within populations. The analysis of 12 SSR polymorphic loci pointed out a low genetic variability among the four ‘Broccolo fiolaro’ selections. Moreover, the whole ‘Fiolaro’ group showed significant differentiation from the other broccoli cultivars and could be easily distinguished by cluster analysis. An assignment test on ~30 genotyped plants randomly chosen from each broccoli population correctly recognized the proper accession 88% of the time, proving this method to be useful for cultivar identification.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses type III secretion system to kill biofilm-associated amoebae
Authors: Matz Carsten , Moreno Ana Maria , Alhede Morten , Manefield Mike , Hauser Alan R , Givskov Michael , Kjelleberg Staffan 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Bacteria and protozoa coexist in a wide range of biofilm communities of natural, technical and medical importance. Generally, this interaction is characterized by the extensive grazing activity of protozoa on bacterial prey populations. We hypothesized that the close spatial coexistence in biofilms should allow opportunistic pathogenic bacteria to utilize their eukaryote-targeting arsenal to attack and exploit protozoan host cells. Studying cocultures of the environmental pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii, we found that P. aeruginosa rapidly colonized and killed biofilm-associated amoebae by a quorum-sensing independent mechanism. Analysis of the amoeba-induced transcriptome indicated the involvement of the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS) in this interaction. A comparison of mutants with specific defects in the T3SS demonstrated the use of the secretion apparatus and the effectors ExoU, ExoS and ExoT in the killing process, of which ExoU had the greatest impact. T3SS-mediated virulence towards A. castellanii was found to be controlled by the global regulators RpoN and RpoS and through modulation of cAMP and alginate biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that conserved virulence pathways and specifically the T3SS play a central role in bacteria–protozoa interactions in biofilms and may be instrumental for the environmental persistence and evolution of opportunistic bacterial pathogens.
First Report of Solanum jasminoides Infected by Citrus exocortis viroid in Germany and the Netherlands and Tomato apical stunt viroid in Belgium and Germany
Authors: Verhoeven J. Th. J. , Jansen C. C. C. , Roenhorst J. W. , Steyer S. , Schwind N. , Wassenegger M. 
Published: May 2008

Recent identifications of Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) and Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) in Solanum jasminoides (3,4) prompted the testing of this plant species for infections with other pospiviroids. From autumn of 2006 to spring of 2007, samples from symptomless plants of S. jasminoides were collected in Belgium (3 samples ranging from 75 to 150 plants), Germany (3 samples ranging from 1 to 200 plants), and the Netherlands (3 samples ranging from 2 to 200 plants). Samples were tested for pospiviroids by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays using the Pospi1-FW/RE and Vid-FW/RE (2) and PSTV-Nb-FW (5′-ggatccccggggaaacctgga-3′)/RE (5′-ggatccctgaagcgctcctcc-3′) primer sets. Each set amplifies several but not all pospiviroids. The first and last primer sets amplified PCR products from six samples. The full-length genomes of all six isolates were amplified using primer pairs CEVd-FW1/RE1 (1) and CEVd-FW2 (5′-gtgctcacctgaccctgcagg-3′)/RE2 (5′-accacaggaacctcaagaaag-3′), which are fully complementary to both Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) and Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd). Sequence analysis of the PCR products identified CEVd from two samples each from Germany and the Netherlands and TASVd from one sample each from Germany and Belgium (plants were imported from Israel). Although the sequences of the different CEVd isolates from S. jasminoides were not identical, all exhibited more than 95% identity with a CEVd isolate from Vicia faba (GenBank Accession No. EF494687). Both TASVd sequences were identical and showed 99.2% identity to a TASVd isolate from tomato (GenBank Accession No. AY 062121). Two nucleotide sequences of CEVd were submitted to the NCBI GenBank (Accession Nos. EU094207 and EU094208). The two other CEVd sequences and the TASVd sequence were submitted to the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database as Accession Nos. AM774356, AM774357, and AM777161. In addition to identification from S. jasminoides by sequence analysis, TASVd infection in the S. jasminoides sample from Germany and CEVd in one sample from the Netherlands was confirmed by mechanical inoculation to tomato followed by RT-PCR using the two CEVd-FW/RE primer pairs and analysis of the sequenced PCR product. Infection by CEVd and TASVd was also confirmed in the German samples by Northern hybridization and TASVd was confirmed in the Belgian sample by return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. To our knowledge, these are the first reports of CEVd and TASVd in S. jasminoides. The viroids do not reduce the quality of S. jasminoides plants; however, the infected plants may act as infection sources for other crops. References: (1) N. Önelge. Turk. J. Agric. For. 21:419, 1997. (2) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:823, 2004. (3) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Plant Dis. 90:1359, 2006. (4) J. Th. J. Verhoeven et al. Plant Pathol. 57:399, 2008.
Outbreak of Ralstonia solanacearum Biovar 2 Causing Brown Rot on Potato in the Aegean Region of Turkey
Authors: Ustun N. , Ozakman M. , Karahan A. 
Published: May 2008

Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi, Kosako, Yano, Hotta, and Nishiuchi, the cause of brown rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum), was detected for the first time in Turkey in 1995 in five potato fields in the Nevsehir Province of the central Anatolia Region and was eradicated under measures mandated by the government. Occurrence of the pathogen was not reported in other parts of the country. However, in 2006, brown rot symptoms were observed in potato (cv. Marabel) fields in the Balikesir Province of the Aegean Region. Symptoms and signs included wilting, browning of stem vascular tissues, and ooze exudation from the transversely cut stem. On tubers, brown discoloration of the vascular ring was observed. Creamy bacterial ooze emerged from the vascular ring a few minutes after cutting. In advanced stages, bacterial slime oozed from the tuber heel end (stolon) and “eyes” causing soil particles to adhere. Isolation of bacteria from diseased stem and tuber tissues on mSMSA medium (1) consistently resulted in white, fluid colonies with red coloration in the center. On the basis of biochemical, immunofluorescence (IF), and real-time PCR tests, 10 representative isolates (one per affected field) were identified as Ralstonia solanacearum. They were further identified as biovar 2 according to metabolization of maltose, lactose, and D (+) cellobiose but not mannitol, sorbitol, and dulcitol. In the IF tests, fluorescent cells were observed at antibody dilutions from 200 to 12,800. The expected real-time PCR products were generated using biovar 2-specific primers (2). Pathogenicity tests were performed by injecting a bacterial suspension (106 CFU/ml) into the stem of 2-week-old tomato seedlings (cv. Alta F1). Inoculated plants (five plants per isolate) were incubated for up to 2 weeks at 25°C and 70 to 80% humidity. Wilting symptoms developed within 5 to 10 days. No symptoms were observed on controls inoculated with sterile water. The bacterium was reisolated and identified as R. solanacearum biovar 2 as described above. The incidence of the disease in the affected fields varied between 20 and 40%, and surveys showed that approximately 163 ha were infested. Phytosanitary measures that were taken included a prohibition of production of host plants in the infested areas, tracing and testing programs to identify the source of the bacterium, and measures to prevent any further spread of the bacterium to new areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solanacearum biovar 2 on potato in the Aegean Region of Turkey. References: (1) J. G. Elphinstone et al. EPPO Bull. 26:663, 1996. (2) M. Ozakman and N. W.Schaad. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 25:232, 2003.