bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of humectants for the stabilization of pesto sauce
Authors: Severini Carla , Corbo Maria Rosaria , Derossi Antonio , Bevilacqua Antonio , Giuliani Roma 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThe stabilisation of preserves through the lowering of water activity (aw) and the reduction of pH value are studied as alternatives to the traditional pasteurising/sterilising treatments. aw of samples of pesto has been reduced using two binary systems of humectants: KCl–fructose and KCl–saccharose. The microbiological stability of samples was assessed through the inoculation of Clostridium perfringens spores. Moreover, pH values, aw and colour parameters were measured. The results have pointed out that aw reduction and controlled temperature of storage inhibited the development of C. perfringens. In particular, run 1 (aw 0.92 and temperature 25 °C) allowed a significant increase of the stability time of the samples. The reduction of aw may be a valid alternative to the traditional treatments of stabilisation in maintaining the organoleptic characteristics of the fresh product.
Some engineering and thermal properties of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds
Authors: Al‐Mahasneh Majdi A. , Ababneh Hussein A. , Rababah Taha 
Published: May 2008

SummaryEngineering and thermal properties of black cumin seeds at 5.3% (w.b.) moisture content were obtained. Seed length, width and thickness ranged from 2.85 to 3.27 mm, 1.36 to 1.81 mm and 0.84 to 1.22 mm, respectively. Geometric mean diameter, effective mean diameter, sphericity and roundness ranged from 1.55 to 1.88 mm, 1.63 to 1.77 mm, 51.6 to 60.7% and 66.0 to 71.4%, respectively. One hundred seed mass, true density, bulk density and porosity ranged from 2.35 to 2.85 g, 992 to 1094.1 kg m−3, 538.4 to 568.4 kg m−3 and 46.6 to 48.1%, respectively. Average static friction coefficient on mild steel, stainless steel, galvanised steel, aluminum and plywood were 0.36, 0.22, 0.39, 0.33 and 0.52, respectively. Angle of repose and terminal velocity ranged from 32.2 to 34.7°, and from 5.4 to 5.9 m s−1. Specific heat and thermal conductivity varied from 1672 to 2091 J kg−1 K., 0.16 to 0.21 W m−1 K., respectively.
Inhibition of the decrease of volatile esters and terpenes during storage of a white wine and a model wine medium by glutathione and N‐acetylcysteine
Authors: Papadopoulou Despima , Roussis Ioannis G. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryGlutathione and N‐acetylcysteine, each at 20 mg L−1, were tested as inhibitors of the decrease of volatile esters and terpenes during storage of Debina white wine. Moreover, the inhibition of the decrease of isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and linalool in a model wine medium by glutathione and N‐acetylcysteine, each at 0–20 mg L−1, was also tested. Several volatiles, such as isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate and linalool, decreased during wine storage. Glutathione or N‐acetylcysteine significantly restricted the decrease of these volatiles. In the model medium, each thiol inhibited the decrease of the three volatiles in a dose‐dependent manner. N‐acetylcysteine inhibited the decrease of all three volatiles at 2.5 mg L−1 while glutathione at 2.5 or 5.0 mg L−1. The present results indicate that glutathione and N‐acetylcysteine may be taken into account as potent inhibitors of the disappearance of aromatic esters and terpenes in wines.
Treatment of beverage‐processing wastewater in a three‐phase fluidised bed biological reactor
Authors: Manyele Samwel Victor , Peay Miya , Halfani Mariam Rajabu 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThis paper presents a study on treatment of beverage‐processing wastewater (BPWW) in a three‐phase fluidised bed bioreactor (TPFBB). Wastewater samples were introduced in the TPFBB and aerated at optimum liquid and gas flow rates while measuring wastewater parameters [pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjehldahl nitrogen (TKN) and ammonia‐nitrogen (NH3‐N)]. Two different initial pH levels were studied, i.e. 9.0 and 11.5. The pH of the wastewater was observed to level off at 9.3 after 1 day. The TSS dropped by 95% after 5 days, for both initial pH levels. The NH3‐N and TKN dropped to similar final concentration independent of initial pH. The COD removal efficiency was observed to depend on the initial pH level. A highest efficiency of 98% and lowest efficiency of 50% were observed at initial pH of 9.0 and 11.5, respectively. The study results show that TPFBB is capable of treating food‐processing wastewater under suitable conditions.
Browning of white wines: correlation with antioxidant characteristics, total polyphenolic composition and flavanol content
Authors: Salacha Maria‐Ioanna , Kallithraka Samatina , Tzourou Irini 
Published: May 2008

SummaryBrowning is a serious problem in relation to white wine quality, which mostly affects the sensory attributes. It is well known to be associated with polyphenol oxidation, and therefore it may be accompanied by changes in the antioxidant capacity. On the basis of this consideration, thirteen experimental white wines, vinified and stored under identical conditions, were subjected to accelerated browning, and efforts were made to distinguish compositional parameters that might be related to the extent of browning development. Further, the relation of browning with the reducing power and the antiradical activity were assessed. Regression analysis at 95% significance level indicated that the antiradical activity is likely to be exerted principally by the flavanol fraction (r2 = 0.92) and to a lesser extent by total phenols (r2 = 0.85), as opposed to reducing power, which is mainly affected by total phenols (r2 = 0.78), suggesting that synergistic phenomena account for the overall antioxidant status of white wines. In addition, the total phenolic and flavanol concentration correlated significantly with the browning rate constants and provided strong evidence that browning development might be predominately associated with flavanol (r2 = 0.84) and to a lesser extent with total phenolic (r2 = 0.79) oxidation.
Effect of some thermal and chemical pretreatments on smoked Oyster mushroom quality
Authors: Eissa Hesham A. , Fouad Gamal M. , Shouk Abd Elhafeeze A. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThe effect of different thermal and chemical pretreatments on quality and enzyme activities of smoked mushroom was investigated. Mushrooms were blanched (water and steam) and dipped in different concentrations of sulphites (SO2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ethylene‐di‐amine tetra‐acetic acid (EDTA) and citric acid for 10 min before smoking. Enzyme activities, colour characteristics, microbiological and sensory examinations were carried out every 2 weeks up to 8 weeks of storage in refrigerator at 4 °C. Results could be concluded that smoked mushroom pretreated with SO2, H2O2 and steam blanching had the best colour values, the better score for all sensory characteristics and lower non‐enzymatic browning compared with other pretreatments. The most effective pretreatment against total aerobic bacteria and yeast & moulds were citric acid, EDTA and steam, and then smoking of mushroom can be attributed to the reduction of microbial counts. The most effective pretreatments on quality and safety of smoked mushrooms were H2O2 and steam. It can be concluded that thermal and chemical treatments, rather than smoking of mushroom, reduce enzyme activities and are suitable to preserve mushrooms.
Genetic and enological analysis of selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for wine production
Authors: Ooi Beng Guat , Wanamaker Laura E. , Markuszewski Bartlomiej M. , Chong Ngee Sing 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThe non‐wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain of 96581 was found to be a promising candidate for the production of white wine. It produced wines with fusel alcohols that were 57% higher than those produced by the wine yeasts studied and was also more efficient in the production of 2‐phenethyl acetate and 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol acetate. This study also shows that there is a difference in the ester‐formation efficiency for acetates relative to C6, C8 and C10 fatty acid esters for all the studied yeast strains. Therefore, it supports the view that other unidentified enzymes besides those regulated by ATF1 and ATF2 genes are involved in the production of ethyl esters of C6–C10 fatty acids. DNA analysis of the 25S, 18S, 5.8S and 5S ribosomal DNA genes in these strains showed high conservation. Despite the closely related nature of these yeast strains, the chemical profiles of the wines produced were significantly different.
Good work – how is it recognised by the nurse?
Authors: Christiansen Bjørg 
Published: May 2008

Aim.  The aim of this paper is to shed light on how nurses describe situations that reflect achievement and provide confirmation that they have done good work.Background.  Nurses’ recognition of good work does not seem to have been the object of direct investigation, but is indirectly reflected in studies focusing on nurses’ perceptions on work environments and the multifaceted nature of nursing. However, acknowledging high‐quality performance in professional nurses can facilitate nurses in maintaining and strengthening the goals and values of the profession. This in turn can help nurses shoulder the multifaceted responsibilities they have to patients and next of kin.Design.  This paper is part of the Professional Learning in a Changing Society project, Institute of Educational Research, University of Oslo, funded by the Research Council of Norway. The project involves four professional groups. This paper, however, focuses on a group of 10 nurses, nine of whom work in hospitals and one in an outpatient clinic. A qualitative approach was chosen to gain insight into how nurses, as well as the other professional groups in the project, engage in processes of knowledge production and quality assurance work.Methods.  Data presented in this paper derive from semi‐structured in‐depth interviews conducted during spring 2005 and focuses on the recognition of good work.Results.  The following themes were identified as essential in confirming that one did good work: securing fundamental needs of patients and next of kin; managing the flow of responsibilities; positive feedback.Conclusions.  Good work seems to be related to specific situations and a sense of achievement by the respondents.Relevance to clinical practice.  Recognition of good work is not only rewarding and enjoyable; it may also serve as a source of consciousness raising for professional and ethical guidelines in the work place.
An evaluation of a Diabetes Specialist Nurse prescriber on the system of delivering medicines to patients with diabetes
Authors: Carey Nicola , Courtenay Molly , James June , Hills Mimi , Roland Jonathan 
Published: May 2008

Aim. To evaluate the impact of a Diabetes Specialist Nurse prescriber on insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agent medication errors and length of stay.Background. The National Health Service has committed to a 40% reduction in the number of drug errors in the use of prescribed medicines. Drug errors in diabetes care are a common cause of significant morbidity and complications. Nurse prescribing creates an opportunity for nurses to improve care for these patients.Design. A quasi‐experiment using six wards in a single hospital trust.Methods. Inpatient care of a convenience sample of patients with diabetes was evaluated before (n = 27) and after (n = 29) the intervention of a Diabetes Specialist Nurse prescriber. Prospective data were collected to measure insulin and oral hypoglycaemic medication errors and length of stay.Results. There was a significant reduction in the total number of errors between the pre‐intervention and intervention group (mean reduction 21 errors) (p = 0·016). The median length of stay was reduced by three days. The total number of errors and length of stay were affected by admission category (p = 0·0004).Conclusions. A medicines management intervention, provided by a Diabetes Specialist Nurse prescriber, had a positive effect on the system of delivering medicines to patients with diabetes and significantly reduced the number of errors. This reduction had some effect on length of stay. The cost saving was sufficient to finance a Diabetes Specialist Nurse prescriber post.Relevance to clinical practice. (i) Errors frequently occur in the prescription and administration of medicines to patients with diabetes. (ii) The education of healthcare professionals is a factor contributing to these errors. (iii) Nurse prescribing provides a new system by which to educate patients and staff about their medicines. (iv) A Diabetes Specialist Nurse prescriber can reduce insulin and OHA MEs. This reduction had some effect on LOS.
Severity of periodontal disease correlates to inflammatory systemic status and independently predicts the presence and angiographic extent of stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Amabile N. , Susini G. , Pettenati‐Soubayroux I. , Bonello L. , Gil J.‐M. , Arques S. , Bonfil J. J. , Paganelli F. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract.Background.  Periodontal disease (PD) has been recognized as a risk factor for systemic diseases, but its involvement in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains debated.Objectives.  We sought to evaluate the potential relations between severity of the PD, inflammatory response and angiographic lesions extent in patients with stable CAD.Design.  A total of 131 subjects referred to our centre for coronary angiography were evaluated for presence and extension of CAD, then divided into two groups, one with presence of lesions (cases, n = 85) and other one with absence of lesions (controls, n = 46). Mean periodontal pocket depth (PPkD), high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs‐CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and fibrinogen levels were measured in all patients.Results.  Cases and controls did not differ according to their baseline characteristics and prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. PPkD was greater in patients with CAD than in controls (2.24 ± 1.28 mm vs 1.50 ± 0.93 mm, P < 0.001 by Student’s t‐test). Systemic inflammatory response was more pronounced in cases than in controls, with higher values of hs‐CRP, SAA and fibrinogen. Furthermore, PPkD values correlated with hs‐CRP (r = 0.80, P < 0.001), SAA (r = 0.71, P < 0.001), fibrinogen levels (r = 0.72, P < 0.001) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association angiographic score (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) in cases. Multivariate analysis indicated a persistent independent correlation between PPkD and angiographic score after adjustment for inflammatory markers levels.Conclusion.  In the present study, PD lesions predicted presence of CAD stenosis in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. PD severity was correlated to angiographic extent of coronary lesions, independent of systemic inflammatory status. Those results suggest that these patients might benefit from an intensive periodontal therapy to prevent CAD progression.
A restoration genetics guide for coral reef conservation
Authors: BAUMS ILIANA B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWorldwide degradation of coral reef communities has prompted a surge in restoration efforts. They proceed largely without considering genetic factors because traditionally, coral populations have been regarded as open over large areas with little potential for local adaptation. Since, biophysical and molecular studies indicated that most populations are closed over shorter time and smaller spatial scales. Thus, it is justified to re‐examine the potential for site adaptation in corals. There is ample evidence for differentiated populations, inbreeding, asexual reproduction and the occurrence of ecotypes, factors that may facilitate local adaptation. Discovery of widespread local adaptation would influence coral restoration projects mainly with regard to the physical and evolutionary distance from the source wild and/or captive bred propagules may be moved without causing a loss of fitness in the restored population. Proposed causes for loss of fitness as a result of (plant) restoration efforts include founder effects, genetic swamping, inbreeding and/or outbreeding depression. Direct evidence for any of these processes is scarce in reef corals due to a lack of model species that allow for testing over multiple generations and the separation of the relative contributions of algal symbionts and their coral hosts to the overall performance of the coral colony. This gap in our knowledge may be closed by employing novel population genetic and genomics approaches. The use of molecular tools may aid managers in the selection of appropriate propagule sources, guide spatial arrangement of transplants, and help in assessing the success of coral restoration projects by tracking the performance of transplants, thereby generating important data for future coral reef conservation and restoration projects.
HpaA from Xanthomonas is a regulator of type III secretion
Authors: Lorenz Christian , Kirchner Oliver , Egler Monique , Stuttmann Johannes , Bonas Ulla , Büttner Daniela 
Published: May 2008

SummaryThe Gram‐negative plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria employs a type III secretion (T3S) system to inject effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm. Efficient secretion of several effector proteins depends on the cytoplasmic global T3S chaperone HpaB. In this study, we show that HpaB interacts with the virulence factor HpaA, which is secreted by the T3S system and translocated into the plant cell. HpaA promotes secretion of pilus, translocon and effector proteins and therefore appears to be an important control protein of the T3S system. Protein–protein interaction studies and the analysis of HpaA deletion derivatives revealed that the C‐terminal protein region, which contains a HpaB binding site, is crucial for the contribution of HpaA to T3S. Secretion of pilus and translocon proteins is not affected when HpaA is expressed as an N‐terminal deletion derivative that lacks the secretion and translocation signal. Our data suggest that binding of HpaA to HpaB within the bacterial cell favours secretion of extracellular components of the secretion apparatus. Secretion of HpaA presumably liberates HpaB and thus promotes effector protein secretion after assembly of the T3S apparatus.
Identification of FleQ from Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a c‐di‐GMP‐responsive transcription factor
Authors: Hickman Jason W. , Harwood Caroline S. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryHigh levels of the intracellular signalling molecule cyclic diguanylate (c‐di‐GMP) supress motility and activate exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in a variety of bacterial species. In many bacteria part of the effect of c‐di‐GMP is on gene expression, but the mechanism involved is not known for any species. We have identified the protein FleQ as a c‐di‐GMP‐responsive transcriptional regulator in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FleQ is known to activate expression of flagella biosynthesis genes. Here we show that it also represses transcription of genes including the pel operon involved in EPS biosynthesis, and that this repression is relieved by c‐di‐GMP. Our in vivo data indicate that FleQ represses pel transcription and that pel transcription is not repressed when intracellular c‐di‐GMP levels are high. FleN, a known antiactivator of FleQ also participates in control of pel expression. In in vitro experiments we found that FleQ binds to pel promoter DNA and that this binding is inhibited by c‐di‐GMP. FleQ binds radiolabelled c‐di‐GMP in vitro. FleQ does not have amino acid motifs that resemble previously defined c‐di‐GMP binding domains. Our results show that FleQ is a new type of c‐di‐GMP binding protein that controls the transcriptional regulation of EPS biosynthesis genes in P. aeruginosa.
THE ASTROGLIAL RESPONSE TO STABBING. IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE STUDIES WITH ANTIBODIES TO ASTROCYTE‐SPECIFIC PROTEIN (GFA) IN MAMMALIAN AND SUBMAMMALIAN VERTEBRATES
Authors: BIGNAMI A. , DAHL DORIS 
Published: May 2008

The astroglial response t o stabbing. Immunofluorescence studies with antibodies to astrocyte‐specific protein (GFA) in mammalian and sub‐mammalian vertebratesThe astroglial response to stabbing was studied by immunofluorescence with GFA protein antisera in adult and newborn rats, chickens and goldfish. In the adult normal rat most astrocytes of the isocortex and corpus striatum are protoplasmic and do not stain by immunofluorescence. Two days after injury many astrocytes became brightly fluorescent in the stabbed hemisphere and were still fluorescent 2 months later. In the newborn rat the astroglial response was more limited. Reactive glial cells in the medial frontal cortex and pyramidal layer of the hippocampus had a radial appearance with thin immunofluorescent processes crossing at right angles to the surface of the cortex. In rats stabbed at birth and killed 1 month later many immunofluorescent astrocytes were present in the frontal cortex of both cerebral hemispheres. Radial glia were no longer observed. In the normal adult rat radial glial processes were seen by immunofluorescence extending at right angles from the lateral wall of the third ventricle into the hypothalamus. In the chicken cerebellum the astroglial response to stabbing was limited, with few immunofluorescent fibers in the vicinity of the wound. No changes were observed in the goldfish optic tectum by immunofluorescence.
NEUROPATHOLOGY OF EXPERIMENTAL DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS (DYSBARISM) IN THE GOAT
Authors: PALMER A. C. , BLAKEMORE W. F. , GREENWOOD A. G. 
Published: May 2008

Neuropathology of experimental decompression sickness (dysbarism) in the goatForty‐four goats were subjected to various decompression procedures and the CNS was examined at various times thereafter. Lesions were found in the spinal cord in 24 animals, but these were minimal in 6; no similar abnormalities were found in the brain. The CNS of 9 control animals was normal. In the affected animals there was focal infarction of the white matter, especially in the cervical and to a lesser degree in the thoracic and lumbar regions. The dorsal columns were particularly affected in the cervical regions. In two cases, soon after decompression, changes were also present in the grey matter of the spinal cord. In the early infarcts, oedema occurred around relevant vessels and their walls later became necrotic. The surrounding white matter showed the changes of Wallerian degeneration although some axons survived. An early macrophage reaction was followed by revascularization and gliosis of the infarcted regions. All affected animals had been treated for signs of CNS bends (Type II), except for 7 which had shown only limb bends (Type I). In view of the nature of the lesions shown here suggestions are made as to their pathogenesis and to their treatment.