bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei of the dorsal midline thalamus in the rat
Authors: Vertes Robert P. , Hoover Walter B. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe paraventricular (PV) and paratenial (PT) nuclei are prominent cell groups of the midline thalamus. To our knowledge, only a single early report has examined PV projections and no previous study has comprehensively analyzed PT projections. By using the anterograde anatomical tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, and the retrograde tracer, FluoroGold, we examined the efferent projections of PV and PT. We showed that the output of PV is virtually directed to a discrete set of limbic forebrain structures, including ‘limbic’ regions of the cortex. These include the infralimbic, prelimbic, dorsal agranular insular, and entorhinal cortices, the ventral subiculum of the hippocampus, dorsal tenia tecta, claustrum, lateral septum, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens (core and shell), olfactory tubercle, bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST), medial, central, cortical, and basal nuclei of amygdala, and the suprachiasmatic, arcuate, and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus. The posterior PV distributes more heavily than the anterior PV to the dorsal striatum and to the central and basal nuclei of amygdala. PT projections significantly overlap with those of PV, with some important differences. PT distributes less heavily than PV to BST and to the amygdala, but much more densely to the medial prefrontal and entorhinal cortices and to the ventral subiculum of hippocampus. As described herein, PV/PT receive a vast array of afferents from the brainstem, hypothalamus, and limbic forebrain, related to arousal and attentive states of the animal, and would appear to channel that information to structures of the limbic forebrain in the selection of appropriate responses to changing environmental conditions. Depending on the specific complement of emotionally associated information reaching PV/PT at any one time, PV/PT would appear positioned, by actions on the limbic forebrain, to direct behavior toward a particular outcome over a range of outcomes. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:212–237, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of series arcing in low‐voltage electrical installations
Authors: Hadziefendic Nedzad , Kostic Miomir , Radakovic Zoran 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSeries arcing, which can occur at any point of a line or neutral conductor between the switchboard and a load (mechanically damaged conductor, clamps in the switchboard or in the equipment, connections in outlets, receptacles, and switches), is the most frequent electrical cause of fire. This paper presents an original and simple algorithm for the detection of series arcing, based on permanent spectral analysis of the circuit current signal. A prototype of a simple and cheap detector of series arcing has also been developed. The target group for the application of the protective device are residential premises, the most numerous and most critical buildings in which series arcing occurs. In such buildings a range of potential loads is limited, which enables the application of the presented simple algorithm. Its applicability is confirmed through an extensive set of tests. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Input‐to‐state stability, numerical dynamics and sampled‐data control
Authors: Grüne Lars 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe investigate the relation between asymptotic stability for dynamical systems and families of approximations. Using suitably perturbed systems and the input‐to‐state stability property we develop a framework which yields necessary and sufficient conditions on the stability of the approximations ensuring stability of the approximated system. The results are formulated for numerical one step schemes for ordinary differential equations and for sampled‐data systems. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bone morphogenic protein 3 inactivation is an early and frequent event in colorectal cancer development
Authors: Loh Kim , Chia June A. , Greco Sonia , Cozzi Sarah‐Jane , Buttenshaw Ron L. , Bond Catherine E. , Simms Lisa A. , Pike Tanya , Young Joanne P. , Jass Jeremy R. , Spring Kevin J. , Leggett Barbara A. , Whitehall Vicki L. J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGFB growth factor superfamily with well‐described functions in bone formation. Although disrupted BMP signalling in tumor development has more recently been investigated, a role for BMP3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has remained largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate BMP3 disruption in CRCs in relation to both the traditional and serrated pathways of tumor progression. BMP3 was down‐regulated as assessed by real‐time PCR in 50 of 56 primary tumors (89%). Bisulfite sequencing of the putative promoter revealed extensive hypermethylation in the cell line HT29, in which expression could be restored by treatment with a methyltransferase inhibitor. Aberrant hypermethylation was observed in 33/60 (55%) tumors and was highly correlated with microsatellite instability (P < 0.01), the CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (P < 0.01), BRAF oncogene mutation (P < 0.01), and proximal location (P < 0.001). Methylation was also frequently observed in serrated and traditional adenomatous polyps (22/29, 76%). Re‐introduction of BMP3 into cell lines revealed marked growth suppression supporting the functional relevance of this alteration in colorectal tumor development. This study provides molecular and functional data supporting the importance of BMP3 silencing as an early and frequent event in colorectal tumors progressing via the serrated and traditional pathways. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wilms tumor genetics: Mutations in WT1, WTX, and CTNNB1 account for only about one‐third of tumors
Authors: Ruteshouser E. Cristy , Robinson Stephen M. , Huff Vicki 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWilms tumor is genetically heterogeneous, and until recently only one Wilms tumor gene was known, WT1 at 11p13. However, WT1 is altered in only ∼20% of Wilms tumors. Recently a novel gene, WTX at Xq11.1, was reported to be mutated in Wilms tumors. No overlap between tumors with mutations in WTX and WT1 was noted, suggesting that WT1 and WTX mutations could account for the genetic basis of roughly half of Wilms tumors. To assess the frequency of WTX mutations and their relationship to WT1 mutations in a larger (n = 125) panel of Wilms tumors which had been thoroughly assessed for mutations in WT1, we conducted a complete mutational analysis of WTX that included sequencing of the entire coding region and quantitative PCR to identify deletions of the WTX gene. Twenty‐three (18.4%) tumors carried a total of 24 WTX mutations, a lower WTX mutation frequency than that previously observed. Surprisingly, we observed an equivalent frequency of WTX mutations in tumors with mutations in either or both WT1 and CTNNB1 (20.0%) and tumors with no mutation in either WT1 or CTNNB1 (17.5%). WTX has been reported to play a role in the WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway, and, interestingly, WTX deletion/truncation mutations appeared to be rare in tumors carrying exon 3 mutations of CTNNB1, encoding β‐catenin. Our findings indicate that WT1 and WTX mutations occur with similar frequency, that they partially overlap in Wilms tumors, and that mutations in WT1, WTX, and CTNNB1 underlie the genetic basis of about one‐third of Wilms tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Learning and fatigue during choice experiments: a comparison of online and mail survey modes
Authors: Savage Scott J. , Waldman Donald M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of survey mode on respondent learning and fatigue during repeated choice experiments. Stated preference data are obtained from an experiment concerning high‐speed Internet service conducted on samples of mail respondents and online respondents. We identify and estimate aspects of the error components for different subsets of the choice questions, for both mail and online respondents. Results show mail respondents answer questions consistently throughout a series of choice experiments, but the quality of the online respondents' answers declines. Therefore, while the online survey provides lower survey administration costs and reduced time between implementation and data analysis, such benefits come at the cost of less precise responses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking modularity with problem solving and coordination efforts
Authors: Gomes Paulo J. , Joglekar Nitin R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe explore the relationship between process architecture decisions, problem solving and coordination efforts during distributed product development, i.e., when development work is dispersed across organizational boundaries. Process architecture refers to the manner in which the tasks and interfaces within a project are organized so that a project can be executed in an efficient manner. The theoretical foundation for our investigation draws upon the information processing (IP) view of product development and transaction cost economics. The IP view calls for manipulation of the architecture by making problem‐solving tasks modular, such that reducing task interdependencies minimizes the development time. The transaction cost view calls for transactional efficiency, for example, reduction in the coordination burden for each productive task. We present several measures of modularity based on a design structure matrix (DSM) mapping of the development task structure. Then, we analyze the relation between these measures and transactional efficacy and task completion times. Our empirical evidence comes from 71 tasks carried out in 11 software development projects. Data analyses show that the improvement in the transactional efficacy is associated with increase in task modularity. Our results establish that increasing modularity reduces the development time and the coordination effort. However, these results also suggest trade‐offs: modularity measures do not contribute equally to this gain in efficiency and increasing modularity is negatively associated with the technical problem‐solving efforts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A situatedness‐based Knowledge Plane for autonomic networking
Authors: Bullot Thomas , Khatoun Rida , Hugues Louis , Gaïti Dominique , Merghem‐Boulahia Leila 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIP networks, and particularly the Internet, were proposed to be a simple and robust support for homogeneous communications. This implies that only basic control mechanisms have to be performed by network elements. Communication management has to be performed by the terminals. However, the integration of new services and the increasing need for QoS require the network to be increasingly more flexible and adaptive. New algorithms and protocols have been proposed by many research teams to address these issues, but these new algorithms tend to make network management and control more flexible. Thus, manual configuration of such flexible and adaptive network architectures is very complex, if not impossible. Self‐management is then a good opportunity to address this new complexity, and then to integrate more easily new services into the network. However, this self‐management requires the equipment to carry much more knowledge and information than the actual control and management planes do. Global knowledge management schemes are therefore necessary to achieve this, including new policies for knowledge gathering, computing, sharing and providing. To address this particular need for knowledge management, several studies have proposed building a new plane, called the ‘Knowledge Plane’ (KP). This paper studies different propositions for this KP, and presents an original vision of what this KP should be. Our vision of the KP relies on the paradigm of situatedness. This paradigm was developed by research studies in the field of multi‐agent systems, which tend to solve complex problems using collaborative and autonomous agents (multi‐agent technology has been largely described in Artificial Intelligence literature). These agents in our proposition are embedded within the network elements themselves. Their role is to share local and situated knowledge composing the global KP. We have also developed, as an illustration, a distributed intrusion detection system (IDS) based on the local IDS Snort. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On relative perturbation theory for eigenvalues and eigenvectors of block operator matrices
Authors: Grubišić Luka 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe are concerned with singularly perturbed spectral problems which appear in engineering sciences. Typically under the influence of a singular perturbation the model can be approximated by a simpler, perturbation independent model. Such reduced model is usually better amenable to analytic or numeric analysis. However, the question of the quality of approximation has to be answered. Frequently, correctors which yield an improved solution–capturing important phenomena which the reduced model does not “see”–to the original problems are required. We tackle both question for self‐adjoint eigenvalue/eigenvector problems posed in a general Hilbert space. Our technique is constructive and is based on methods (relative perturbation theory) of modern Numerical Linear Algebra. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extensions of ValEncIA‐IVP for reduction of overestimation, for simulation of differential algebraic systems, and for dynamical optimization
Authors: Rauh Andreas , Auer Ekaterina , Minisini Johanna , Hofer Eberhard P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSimulation techniques are commonly used to analyze the influence of uncertainties of initial conditions and systemparameters on the trajectories of the state variables of dynamical systems. In this context, interval arithmetic approaches are of interest. They are capable of determining guaranteed bounds of all reachable states if worst‐case bounds of the above‐mentioned uncertainties are known. Furthermore, interval algorithms ensure the correctness of numerical results in spite of rounding errors which inevitably arise if floating point operations are carried out on a computer. However, naive implementations of interval algorithms often lead to overestimation, i.e., too conservative enclosures which can make the results meaningless.In this contribution, we summarize the basic routines of ValEncIA‐IVP which computes interval enclosures of all reachable states of dynamical systems described by ordinary differential equations ODEs. ValEncIA‐IVP, VALidation of state ENClosures using Interval Arithmetic for Initial Value Problems, can be applied to the simulation of systems with both uncertain parameters and uncertain initial conditions. Advanced techniques for reduction of overestimation are demonstrated for a simplified catalytic reactor. Afirst approach to using VanEncIA‐IVP for the simulation of sets of differential algebraic equations is outlined. Finally, an outlook on the integration of ValEncIA‐IVP in an interval arithmetic framework for computation of optimal and robust control strategies for continuous‐time processes is given. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fast distributed bi‐directional authentication for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Fantacci Romano , Chiti Francesco , Maccari Leonardo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we present the comparison between a distributed and a centralized authentication protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSN). We outline the difference between authentication and key‐agreement schemes and we propose a novel approach based on the use of polynomial functions to produce a distributed bi‐directional authentication. The advantages of this approach are: speed of operation that can allow multiple subsequent authentications, thus support to mobility; balanced energy consumption if compared with the imbalanced centralized approach and the prevention of partition attacks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Security issues in massive online games
Authors: Hu Jiankun , Zambetta Fabio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper, an investigation is conducted on the security issues in massive multiplayer games. A taxonomy framework for online cheating is provided. Under this proposed framework, online cheating is classified and state of the art counter‐cheating techniques are analysed with emphasis on attacks that pose a considerable challenge to the security of massive multiplayer online games. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraoperative Monitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Dralle H. , Sekulla C. , Lorenz K. , Brauckhoff M. , Machens A. ,   the German IONM Study Group
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy ranks among the leading reasons for medicolegal litigation of surgeons because of its attendant reduction in quality of life. As a risk minimization tool, intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) has been introduced to verify RLN function integrity intraoperatively. Nevertheless, a systematic evidence‐based assessment of this novel health technology has not been performed.MethodsThe present study was based on a systematic appraisal of the literature using evidence‐based criteria.ResultsRecurrent laryngeal nerve palsy rates (RLNPR) varied widely after thyroid surgery, ranging from 0%–7.1% for transient RLN palsy to 0%–11% for permanent RLN palsy. These rates did not differ much from those reported for visual nerve identification without the use of IONM. Six studies with more than 100 nerves at risk (NAR) each evaluated RLNPR by contrasting IONM with visual nerve identification only. Recuurent laryngeal nerve palsy rates tended to be lower with IONM than without it, but this difference was not statistically significant. Six additional studies compared IONM findings with their corresponding postoperative laryngoscopic results. Those studies revealed high negative predictive values (NPV; 92%–100%), but relatively low and variable positive predictive values (PPV; 10%–90%) for IONM, limiting its utility for intraoperative RLN management.ConclusionsApart from navigating the surgeon through challenging anatomies, IONM may lend itself as a routine adjunct to the gold standard of visual nerve identification. To further reduce the number of false negative IONM signals, the causes underlying its relatively low PPV require additional clarification.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Takami Hiroshi E. , Miyabe Rika , Kameyama Kaori 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGoiters were often associated with iodine deficiency in European mountain areas, with some goiters being quite disfiguring. However, some goiters seem not to be related to iodine deficiency. One of the types of goiter that are unrelated to iodine deficiency is the disease described by Hakaru Hashimoto in 1912. Hashimoto described it as a special characteristic of a new type of lymphomatous thyroid tumor in Japan, and this entity was recognized as an autoimmune disease of the thyroid many years later. Hashimoto published his article in a German journal because that was the scientific language of the time, and he thought that writing in German would make the work more widely available around the world. Patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are usually asymptomatic, and some patients develop goiters with or without hypothyroidism. The goiters and hypothyroidism usually respond to treatment with thyroid hormone. The dose of thyroid hormone must be carefully titrated because there may be autonomous thyroid function resulting from thyroid‐stimulating antibodies despite the hypothyroid state.
Prolonged Postoperative Ileus—Definition, Risk Factors, and Predictors after Surgery
Authors: Artinyan Avo , Nunoo‐Mensah Joseph W. , Balasubramaniam Swarna , Gauderman Jim , Essani Rahila , Gonzalez‐Ruiz Claudia , Kaiser Andreas M. , Beart Robert W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus (POI) remains an inevitable consequence of abdominal surgery. Although the pathogenesis of delayed gastrointestinal transit in the postoperative period has been the subject of considerable study, a clinically useful definition of what constitutes a pathologically prolonged ileus has yet to be established. The objectives of this study were to describe a definition for an abnormally prolonged ileus and to identify risk factors and predictors of prolonged ileus in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.Materials and methodsOver a 12‐month period 88 patients who had abdominal surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The association of clinical factors with the duration of POI was examined with statistical tests.ResultsThe mean time to commencing the consumption of unrestricted clear fluids after surgery was 2.3 ± SD 1.6 days. The median duration of POI was 5 days (median 6 days), with an interquartile range of 3–6 days. Univariate regression analysis demonstrated significant correlations between duration of POI and estimated blood loss (EBL), total surgical time, and total opiate dose (TOD) (p = 0.009, p = 0.045, and p = 0.041, respectively). Multiple regression analysis identified EBL and TOD as independent predictors of duration of POI.ConclusionsWe have identified two risk factors (EBL and TOD) that are independently associated with duration of POI. Our data suggest that with the definition of abnormal prolonged postoperative ileus as the number of days above the 3rd quartile, an ileus greater than 6 days serves as a better clinical definition of prolonged POI than 3 days, the measure that has previously been suggested.
Acute Care Surgery: The European Model
Authors: Uranues Selman , Lamont Eugenia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to determine whether there is in fact a European model of acute care surgery and to describe the different care systems in the individual European countries.MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to experts on emergency surgery in 27 European countries. The assessment of attitudes toward the emerging discipline of acute care surgery was the main outcome measure.ResultsReplies were received from at least one respondent from each of 18 countries. They indicated a high awareness of the new field of acute care surgery, although this has not yet become a recognized (sub‐)specialty in any of the countries polled. In addition, several interesting new trends were identified: for example, different approaches depending on individual political influences.ConclusionsThere is no European consensus on acute care surgery. In some central European countries, specialists qualify in general and orthopedic trauma surgery; these allrounders also perform life‐saving thoracic and neurosurgical procedures, such as emergency thoracotomies and craniotomies. The European model is not a uniform system for acute surgical care.