bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Localized Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Processes and Corrosion Reactions with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)
Authors: Pust Sascha E. , Maier Wiebke , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: October 2008

AbstractScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has developed into a very versatile tool for the investigation of solid-liquid, liquid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces. The arrangement of an ultramicroelectrode (UME) in close proximity to the interface under study allows the application of a large variety of different experimental schemes. The most important have been named feedback mode, generation-collection mode, redox competition mode and direct mode. Quantitative descriptions are available for the UME signal, depending on different sample properties and experimental variables. Therefore, SECM has been established as an indispensible tool in many areas of fundamental electrochemical research. Currently, it also spreads as an important new method to solve more applied problems, in which inhomogeneous current distributions are typically observed on different length scales. Prominent examples include devices for electrochemical energy conversion such as fuel cells and batteries as well as localized corrosion phenomena. However, the direct local investigation of such systems is often impossible. Instead, suitable reaction schemes, sample environments, model samples and even new operation modes have to be introduced in order to obtain results that are relevant to the practical application. This review outlines and compares the theoretical basis of the different SECM working modes and reviews the application in the area of electrochemical energy conversion and localized corrosion with a special emphasis on the problems encountered when working with practical samples.
Drosophila Myt1 Is the Major Cdk1 Inhibitory Kinase for Wing Imaginal Disc Development
Authors: Jin Zhigang , Homola Ellen , Tiong Stanley , Campbell Shelagh D 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Mitosis is triggered by activation of Cdk1, a cyclin-dependent kinase. Conserved checkpoint mechanisms normally inhibit Cdk1 by inhibitory phosphorylation during interphase, ensuring that DNA replication and repair is completed before cells begin mitosis. In metazoans, this regulatory mechanism is also used to coordinate cell division with critical developmental processes, such as cell invagination. Two types of Cdk1 inhibitory kinases have been found in metazoans. They differ in subcellular localization and Cdk1 target-site specificity: one (Wee1) being nuclear and the other (Myt1), membrane-associated and cytoplasmic. Drosophila has one representative of each: dMyt1 and dWee1. Although dWee1 and dMyt1 are not essential for zygotic viability, loss of both resulted in synthetic lethality, indicating that they are partially functionally redundant. Bristle defects in myt1 mutant adult flies prompted a phenotypic analysis that revealed cell-cycle defects, ectopic apoptosis, and abnormal responses to ionizing radiation in the myt1 mutant imaginal wing discs that give rise to these mechanosensory organs. Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation was also aberrant in these myt1 mutant imaginal wing discs, indicating that dMyt1 serves Cdk1 regulatory functions that are important both for normal cell-cycle progression and for coordinating mitosis with critical developmental processes.
Conceptual Challenges Displayed through the Financial Reporting of Early Childhood Education Centers
Authors: Cordery Carolyn , Narraway Gwyn 
Published: October 2008

Governments increasingly contract out social services to nonprofit, but also to for-profit organizations. Consumers may also make co-payments for services from these organizations. Government, consumers, and other stakeholders (including equity investors) are likely to demand financial reporting to assess management's performance and to make decisions regarding providing organizational resources. This research note asserts that the moral dimension of such reporting includes the need to report on probity and to preserve intergenerational equity.
By using an example of the early childhood education sector in New Zealand, this paper shows how attempts to “corral” financial reporting standards through conceptual framework projects has the potential to fail to meet the needs of salient users of financial reporting. This empirical example adds depth to prior critiques of conceptual frameworks.
Problems of Safety in Aviation
Authors: Bagiński Adam , Żurek Józef 
Published: October 2008

Problems of Safety in Aviation
The article describes the flight safety problems. It details a set of factors shaping the flight safety and activities required to maintain the requisite safety level. Attention has been paid to the need for rational safety management, including event history, risk assessment and risk cause investigation. Summary contains conclusions from the analysis of the flight safety status in transportation aviation.
Quality Management as a Sound Basis of Integrated Management
Authors: Beckmerhagen Ingo , Berg Heinz-Peter 
Published: October 2008

Quality Management as a Sound Basis of Integrated Management
Various management function-specific systems, such as for quality, environment, and occupational health and safety are described in widely applied international standards and guidelines. These documents are of obvious benefit to practising management. The implementation of a robust and effective integrated management system will support the achievement of high levels of safety performance and the enhancement and improvement of the safety culture in all types of industry. This paper has two main objectives. The first one is to address the key issues in theory and practice of integrated management systems, the second one is to illustrate the importance of an integrated (in particular safety) management system with examples from different organisations in the nuclear field.
Optimized Planning and Scheduling of Pressure Equipment Inspections at Comah Establishments.
Authors: Angelo Bragatto , Grazia Gnoni , Rosaria Vallerotonda 
Published: October 2008

Optimized Planning and Scheduling of Pressure Equipment Inspections at Comah Establishments.In a process establishment, where the legislation on the control of major accidents hazard (COMAH) is enforced, the operator's duties include the implementation of a Safety Management System, which addresses all the procedures significant for safety. A critical issue of the SMS is the planning and the scheduling of mechanical integrity inspections on pressure equipment. This is due to high number of components — including pipes, unfired and fired vessels, pumps and valves, — which could require different technical and organization procedures for testing or inspection. Usually, mechanical integrity inspections may request higher resource use than other safety related activities. The paper presents a model for inspection planning and scheduling, in order to integrate safety issues with other technical and economical issues.
SHM Supporting Damage Tolerance Design Philosophy As a Challenge for Designers of Future Airframes
Authors: Kustroń Kamila 
Published: October 2008

SHM Supporting Damage Tolerance Design Philosophy As a Challenge for Designers of Future AirframesDevelopment design pfilosophy of airframes in all the relevant technological fields is important for the evaluation of high performance airframes best to achive high level of safety and satisfy the market needs. Maintenance cost reduction, increased aircraft availability and weight saving are goals which will be reaching by SHM systems as on-line monitoring of the structure health. Irrespective of which materials will be used in the future, the current design philosophy, which is applied today by the structural designers, will be challenged by the new design philosophy based on SHM. The most efective SHM methods are based on Lamb wave techniques. Using the based on Lamb wave techniques would be cost-effective and reliable damage detection is critical for the utilization of metal, composite and hybrid materials. Multitude of diagnostics data requires to use expert systems for effective analysis.
Low Cost Ais System for Safe Navigation
Authors: Gucma Maciej 
Published: October 2008

Low Cost Ais System for Safe Navigation
Automatic Identification System (AIS) ensures automatic transfer of information between sea going vessels and land based monitoring centers. AIS transceivers are obligatory on board vessels of 300 gross register tones and over. System supports safe navigation at confined and open areas, whilst on the former mentioned is especially helpful due to limited range of radar. Article presents low cost AIS system for small vessels and leisure crafts where AIS is not obligatory but might be valuable navigational aid. Some aspects concerning accuracy are presented as well.
Block Maintenance Policy of Multicomponent Systems with Economic Dependency
Authors: Jodejko Anna 
Published: October 2008

Block Maintenance Policy of Multicomponent Systems with Economic DependencyThe article proposes a simple algorithm to define parameters of block maintenance policy of multi-unit systems composed of elements with economic dependency. The procedure may be used especially in the case when elements of a system are not identical in the sense of their probability characteristics and analytical solution is inaccessible.
Human Reliability Analysis in the Context of Accident Scenarios
Authors: Kosmowski Kazimierz 
Published: October 2008

Human Reliability Analysis in the Context of Accident ScenariosThis article addresses the issue of human reliability analysis (HRA) in the context of accident scenarios. The need for contextual analysis of human operator behavior with careful treating of errors and dependent failures within given accident scenario is emphasized. The functional safety analysis including the human reliability analysis is illustrated on example of the protection layers of a hazardous industrial system that includes the basic process control system (BPCS), human-operator (HO) and safety instrumented systems (SIS) designed with regard to the functional safety criteria.
Using the James Reason Theory in Air Events Study
Authors: Edmund Klich 
Published: October 2008

Using the James Reason Theory in Air Events Study
The paper describes using the James Reason model in investigation aircraft accidents. According to statistic human error is the main factor both military and civil aviation accidents. The causes of the accidents are usually referred as "pilot error". The James Reason model used during the investigation process allows to find other failures than crew unsafe acts like: preconditions for unsafe acts, unsafe supervision and/or organizational (management) influence. That findings allow the investigators take corrective action not only to mishap crew but to the whole system including procedures, training, regulations and even aviation law etc"
Safety of Operation and Maintenance Systems of Aircraft Fleet
Authors: Lewitowicz Jerzy , Gołębiowski Waldemar , Kustroń Kamila 
Published: October 2008

Safety of Operation and Maintenance Systems of Aircraft Fleet
The flight of on aircraft has been realzed I on operational subsystem. The operation of on aircraft and its safeability are determined for aircraft fleet the so-called flight safety. Aircraft operation and its safeability determine the flight safety of aircraft fleet. The flight safety can be modelled, condition diagnosed, put the procedures of genesis and prognosis. As the results of these activities the prevention treatments can be worked out. A aircraft safety, air system safety or air safety can be considered. Within the flight safety science.
Individual Protection of Aircraft as an Essential Factor of Flying in Conflict Zones and Terrorist Threat Areas
Authors: Lewandowski Andrzej , Loroch Leszek , Świech Monika 
Published: October 2008

Individual Protection of Aircraft as an Essential Factor of Flying in Conflict Zones and Terrorist Threat Areas
The paper presents ground-to-air weapon threats for aircraft, especially regarding man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS) and the methods for reducing the threats. Polish participation in military conflicts along with international terrorism result in increasing threats for aircraft. The conducted analysis result in efforts for providing individual protection of aircraft and new countermeasures. Employment of these systems on military aircraft contributes to improved flight safety in threat areas, however expensiveness of individual protection systems make them uncommon on civil aircraft.
An Attempt of Apply the Weibull Distribution in Road Traffic Losses Analysis
Authors: Milewska Anita , Żukowska Joanna 
Published: October 2008

An Attempt of Apply the Weibull Distribution in Road Traffic Losses Analysis
The paper presents an attempt of applying the Weibull distribution for the purpose of analysing road traffic losses (fatalities). The question it asks is whether reliability engineering methods can be applied for the analyses. If this is the case, what should be the interpretation of the numbers and terms? It was assumed that the losses generated by a malfunctioning road transport system are fatalities. Risk exposure to these losses is defined with the average number of vehicles using the roads.
Modelling of Ship's Draught Measurement Error for Safety Underkeel Clearance Determination
Authors: Schoeneich Marta 
Published: October 2008

Modelling of Ship's Draught Measurement Error for Safety Underkeel Clearance Determination
In the article expert research result are presented concerning ship's draught measurement error. The questionnaire was carried out in the group of navigation experts and used for building the model of ship's draught determination error. The results are implied in model for safety underkeel clearance determination.
E-Tool for Data Processing Acquired From the Transport Device On-Board Recorder
Authors: Szpytko Janusz , Hyla Paweł 
Published: October 2008

E-Tool for Data Processing Acquired From the Transport Device On-Board RecorderThe paper is focusing on an e-tool for data processing acquired from the transport device on-board recorder. The developed e-tool is processing data related to the device exploitation parameters and movement trajectory that can be used to improve transport devices safety and reliability.
Reliability and Maintainability of Defense Products as Instruments of Logistic Train Control
Authors: Szymonik Andrzej 
Published: October 2008

Reliability and Maintainability of Defense Products as Instruments of Logistic Train Control
Reliability and maintainability of defense products are key issues of the paper. The NATO and EU member countries attach great importance to both of them as these are among the most essential parameters to be taken into account throughout any product's service life.
Contribution to Failure Description as the Phenomena
Authors: David Valis , Lisa Bartlett 
Published: October 2008

Contribution to Failure Description as the PhenomenaWe frequently work with the events' description besides other assessments in safety/risk assessment. In pure technical applications these events are related with the failure occurrence of equipment, a device, a system or an item. This contribution can be a complex problem for the term "failure" and its related characteristics. In this paper there are mentioned functions of an object and their description, classification of failures, main characteristics of failure, possible causes of failure, mechanisms of failure and consequences of failure and also other contributions related with failure very closely.
Simulation-Based Approach for Calculating the Reliability of Logistic Support Process
Authors: Werbińska Sylwia 
Published: October 2008

Simulation-Based Approach for Calculating the Reliability of Logistic Support ProcessAny operational system, in order to successfully accomplish its intended mission, must rely on logistic support that will be available when required. Moreover, in many systems undesired event occurs later than components failure, if and only if repair is not completed within a grace period. Thus, in the paper there is considered the time dependent system of systems where the system total task must be executed during the constrained time resource. There is used the simulation approach to investigate the influence of parameters of the procurement process (order quantity, critical inventory level, lead-time length) and parameters of time resource on the system of systems behavior.
Community Psychiatry
Authors: Barclay William A. 
Published: October 2008

The definition of community psychiatry and related terms is attempted by reference to various authors in the field. The development of the concepts of community psychiatry in relationship to state psychiatric services is outlined. The essentially practical approach of relating services to community need is derived from epidemiological studies and from socio-cultural studies of the communities to be served. The need for new techniques in treatment and the mobilisation of a variety of professional and social resources forces the clinical psychiatrist into a wider frame of reference. Training in community psychiatry prepares the psychiatrist to utilize a range of skills essential for effective community programmes.
Diagnostic Electroplexy: A Study of the Clonus Phase in E.C.T
Authors: Tresise P. C. , Stenhouse N. S. 
Published: October 2008

Contemporary psychiatry requires a clearer interrelation of scientific and practical medicine. This paper is an attempt to bring observable evidence into the realm of bedside nursing and safe scientific methods. The personal study of many hundreds of E.C.T.s has been undertaken with the aim of clarifying the phenomenon of the clonus phase, defining and studying it in its phase-sequence so that some understanding can be reached as to what is normal clonus. Organically-healthy patients suffering from depressive psychoses were studied under ordinary bedside conditions. In some instances, the clonus events were automatically recorded to confirm the existence of clinically-observable evidence, such as the march of onset and cessation of the clonus in different anatomical locations. A clinical and statistical category of the E.C.T. phases was established. The clonus phase was defined and set into this category. The characteristics were enumerated and described. The clonus phase was taken as a total event with its times of appearances and anatomical sequences, the increments and decrements of frequencies, intrinsities and symmetrical distributions. The evidence was collated, discussed and a unifying process proposed.
Allusive Thinking and its Physiological Correlates
Authors: Barr R. F. , McConaghy N. 
Published: October 2008

In schizophrenic thought disorder, there is a relative inability to inhibit those aspects of a concept which the context makes irrelevant. The thinking of many normal people shows a similar tendency and has been called allusive thinking. In the present study of 62 students, it was found that allusive thinkers differed significantly from non-allusive thinkers in their pattern of conditioning. The allusive thinkers showed less ability to delay conditioned responses and less ability to suppress irrelevant responses. It was concluded that weakness of inhibition as manifested by allusive thinking was significantly related to weakness of inhibition in classical conditioning.
Group: The More Primitive Psychology?: A Review of Some Paradigms in Group Dynamics
Authors: Blomfield O. H. D. 
Published: October 2008

Comment is made on the concept of “paradigm” in contrast with the attitude of mind implicit in Husserl's “phenomenological reduction”. Merleau-Ponty's development of Husserl's phenomenology brings into focus our intersubjective enmeshment with a shared world, a view denied by traditional emphasis on individuality and objectivity. An outline of the origins of group life and individual valency is sketched by consideration of child development and object-relations theory, broadened by the insights of R. D. Laing. W. R. Bion's formulations on the work and basic assumption groups are seen as a description of the group expression of primal patterns of instinctual life. R. Schindler of Vienna has distinguished pre-group from group and has described the binding power of the group's opponent (G) function. His description of fixated group positions represents a sophistication of the ethological concept of pecking-order. This institutionalization is seen as a step in the formation, maturation and decay of a group's structure. Some interrelation is seen between Bion's and Schindler's ideas. The relevance of these dynamic models of the natural history of groups to interpretative technique is discussed, leading to a consideration of H. Ezriel's analysis of the common group tension into required, avoided and calamitous relationships.
Psychological Complications of Hysterectomy
Authors: Chynoweth R. 
Published: October 2008

This paper reports on the preliminary findings of a study which was carried out at the Royal Brisbane Hospital between September 1970 and December 1971 on 100 women who had been admitted for hysterectomy. Pre-operative prediction was made as to the likelihood of a well-adjusted or mal-adjusted outcome on the basis of a semi-structured psychiatric interview. Follow-up assessments were made six months post-operatively and correlated significantly with the predicted outcome. Reference is made to factors which related positively to a mal-adjusted outcome and the implications of the study are discussed.
Premature Ejaculation Treated by the Dual Sex Team Method of Masters and Johnson
Authors: Clarke Michael , Parry Laurel 
Published: October 2008

The treatment of premature ejaculation has always carried a poor prognosis and recovery in an established case is uncommon. In 1970, in their book “Human Sexual Inadequacy”, Masters and Johnson reported the treatment of 186 cases of premature ejaculation with only four failures. Their technique is based on the use of a dual sex team comprising a male and a female therapist who treat the “marital unit”, not just the dysfunctional male. The present authors report initial success in the treatment of two premature ejaculators using a shortened version of the Masters and Johnson programme, requiring only seven treatment sessions. One case is described in detail to indicate the disturbed interpersonal dynamics which may undarly the development of premature ejaculation and to illustrate the manner in which the treatment principles are applied in its management. The success of the technique seems to derive from a reduction of anxiety in the coital situation and a strengthening of trust and confidence in the relationship between the marital partners.