bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of positive allometry and exaggerated traits in a diverse beetle clade
Authors: Painting Christina J. , Symonds Matthew R. E. , Holwell Gregory I. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Understanding variation in trait allometry and the drivers of variation in sexually selected traits is a major theme in evolutionary biology. The static allometries of sexually selected traits are often positive due to disproportional investment by large individuals into trait size. Comparative studies of weapon allometry are rare, and typically focus on variation along a single dimension (e.g. length), despite weapons often diverging dramatically in shape. Furthermore, studies predominantly focus on groups where weapons have evolved as novel structures (e.g. horns), despite most weapons arising from modifications of existing structures.

We test the hypothesis that sexual selection drives variation in static allometry using a phylogenetic comparative approach with 59 brentine weevil species showing remarkable variation in trait exaggeration and sexual size dimorphism (SSD).

Contrasting two dimensions of head size exaggeration (a sexually selected trait) and elytron length (a nonsexual trait), positive static allometry was common across both measures of male head size, but not females, and there was positive covariance between male head static allometry and SSD across species. Positive static allometry for male elytron length was less common, but did show positive covariance with SSD, possibly due to the function of wings as compensatory structures for bearing large weapons.

Our findings support the hypothesis that sexual selection drives the evolution of allometries both within and among species, and that the modification of existing structures to be used as weapons does not limit the potential for positive static allometry.

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Ant bite artifacts in a case of hanging
Authors: Pulagura Siva Sai Kumar , Jadav Devendra , Meshram Vikas P. , Shekhawat Raghvendra Singh , Kanchan Tanuj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArtifacts produced by postmortem animal scavenging are commonly encountered at autopsy. Knowledge of the pattern of artifacts produced by postmortem animal scavenging is essential for the correct interpretation of the autopsy finding. In household deaths, such artifacts are usually caused by domestic animals and by small insects such as flies, ants, beetles, etc. Ants are one of the early scavengers which feed on the dead bodies. The artifacts produced by the postmortem ant activity are usually superficial and non‐bleeding type. Rarely, in the congested body regions and areas of marked hypostasis, postmortem bleeding artifacts due to ant bites are possible. In the reported case of hanging, such postmortem bleeding artifacts were present over both the legs, predominantly over the left leg. Typical ant bite lesions in the form of superficial excoriations were also present over the peri‐ligature area, over and around both nipples and over the lower part of the abdomen. Morphologically, postmortem bleeding artifacts produced by ant bites exhibit four patterns: droplet pattern, stripe pattern, pool pattern, and mixed pattern. In this case, a mixed pattern (droplet pattern and stripe pattern) of postmortem bleeding artifacts was observed. The presence of postmortem bleeding artifacts over the lower limbs was attributed to the pooling of the blood due to suspension of the body, followed by passive escape of blood due to ant bites. The possibility of such artifacts produced by ant bites should be considered when the origin of the lesion is unclear.
Application of glasses‐free augmented reality localization in precision neurosurgery and literature review
Authors: Cui Yahui , Hou Hui , Zhou Yupeng , Zhang Haipeng , Jin Liangyan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo summarize the characteristics and therapeutic effects of glasses‐free augmented reality (AR) in neurosurgery, a case series of seven patients undergoing resection of intracranial lesions at the Neurosurgery Department of Hangzhou Xixi Hospital from November 2019 to October 2021 was collected. During the surgeries, glasses‐free AR was used for multi‐angle and multi‐modal image localization. The intraoperative positioning errors of all seven patients who underwent body surface localization with glasses‐free AR, in addition to routine surgical procedures, were less than 10 mm. These findings suggest that glasses‐free AR holds great promise for precision neurosurgery.
Optimizing waterborne eDNA capture from waterholes in savanna systems under remote field conditions
Authors: Schenekar Tamara , Baxter Janine , Phukuntsi Metlholo Andries , Sedlmayr Irmgard , Weckworth Byron , Mwale Monica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is used for biodiversity assessments in a variety of ecosystems across the globe, whereby different eDNA concentration, preservation and extraction methods can outperform others depending on the sampling conditions and environment. Tropical and subtropical ecosystems in Africa are among the less studied systems concerning eDNA‐based monitoring. Waterholes in arid parts of southern Africa represent important agglomeration points for terrestrial mammals, and the eDNA shed into such waterbodies provides a powerful source of information for monitoring mammalian biodiversity in the surrounding area. However, the applied methods for eDNA sampling, preservation and filtering in different freshwater systems vary greatly, and rigorous protocol testing in African freshwater systems is still lacking. This study represents the first attempt to examine variations in eDNA concentration, preservation and extraction methods under remote field conditions using waterborne eDNA in a savanna system. Collected samples were heavily affected by microalgal and bacterial growth, impeding eDNA capture and PCR success. We demonstrate clear effects of the methodological choices, which also depend on the state of eDNA. A preliminary metabarcoding run showed little taxonomic overlap in mammal species detection between two metabarcoding primers tested. We recommend water filtering (using filters with pore sizes >1 μm) over centrifugation for eDNA concentration, Longmire's solution for ambient temperature sample preservation and Qiagen's DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit for DNA extraction of these inhibitor‐prone samples. Furthermore, at least two independent metabarcoding markers should be utilized in order to maximize species detections in metabarcoding studies.
Right S3 segmentectomy for lung cancer with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return in the right upper pulmonary vein: A case report
Authors: Isaka Tetsuya , Nagashima Takuya , Murakami Kotaro , Shigefuku Shunsuke , Kikunishi Noritake , Shigeta Naoko , Ito Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPartial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is a rare congenital malformation where the pulmonary vein partially refluxes into the venous system. Here, we present the first robotic‐assisted right S3 segmentectomy in a 70‐year‐old male with early‐stage lung cancer and PAPVR in the right upper pulmonary vein. The patient, with suspected primary lung cancer (11 mm diameter, pure solid appearance in right S3 segment), exhibited clinical stage T1bN0M0 stage IA2. Preoperative computed tomography revealed severe lung emphysema, and right V1–3 returned directly to the superior vena cava. However, no signs of right‐sided heart failure were observed, and echocardiogram was normal with a pulmonary‐to‐systemic blood flow ratio of 1.4. Successful robot‐assisted right S3 segmentectomy with hilar nodal dissection was performed, and the patient was discharged on the sixth postoperative day without complications. One year postoperatively, there has been no recurrence of lung cancer or respiratory/right‐sided heart failure symptoms.
Minimal important difference in postoperative morphine consumption after hip and knee arthroplasty using nausea, vomiting, sedation and dizziness as anchors
Authors: Karlsen Anders Peder Højer , Laigaard Jens , Pedersen Casper , Thybo Kasper Højgaard , Gasbjerg Kasper Smidt , Geisler Anja , Lunn Troels Haxholdt , Hägi‐Pedersen Daniel , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Mathiesen Ole 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMorphine‐sparing effects are often used to evaluate non‐opioid analgesic interventions. The exact effect that would warrant the implementation of these interventions in clinical practice (a minimally important difference) remains unclear. We aimed to determine this with anchor‐based methods.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of three studies investigating pain management after hip or knee arthroplasty (PANSAID [NCT02571361], DEX‐2‐TKA [NCT03506789] and Pain Map [NCT02340052]). The overall population was median aged 70, median ASA 2, 54% female. We examined the correlation between 0 and 24 h postoperative iv morphine equivalent consumption and the severity of nausea, vomiting, sedation and dizziness. The anchor was different severity degrees of these opioid‐related adverse events. The primary outcome was the difference in morphine consumption between patients experiencing no versus only mild events. Secondary outcomes included the difference in morphine consumption between patients with mild versus moderate and moderate versus severe events. We used Hodges–Lehmann median differences, exact Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests and quantile regression.ResultsThe difference in iv morphine consumption was 6 mg (95% confidence interval: 4–8) between patients with no versus only mild events, 5 mg (2–8) between patients with mild versus moderate events and 0 mg (−4 to 4) between patients with moderate versus severe events.ConclusionsIn populations comparable to this post‐hoc analysis (orthopaedic surgery, median age 70 and ASA 2), we suggest a minimally important difference of 5 mg for 0–24 h postoperative iv morphine consumption.
Age‐related changes in human skeletal muscle transcriptome and proteome are more affected by chronic inflammation and physical inactivity than primary aging
Authors: Kurochkina Nadia S. , Orlova Mira A. , Vigovskiy Maksim A. , Zgoda Viktor G. , Vepkhvadze Tatiana F. , Vavilov Nikita E. , Makhnovskii Pavel A. , Grigorieva Olga A. , Boroday Yakov R. , Philippov Vladislav V. , Lednev Egor M. , Efimenko Anastasia Yu. , Popov Daniil V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEvaluation of the influence of primary and secondary aging on the manifestation of molecular and cellular hallmarks of aging is a challenging and currently unresolved issue. Our study represents the first demonstration of the distinct role of primary aging and chronic inflammation/physical inactivity – the most important drivers of secondary aging, in the regulation of transcriptomic and proteomic profiles in human skeletal muscle. To achieve this purpose, young healthy people (n = 15), young (n = 8) and older (n = 37) patients with knee/hip osteoarthritis, a model to study the effect of long‐term inactivity and chronic inflammation on the vastus lateralis muscle, were included in the study. It was revealed that widespread and substantial age‐related changes in gene expression in older patients relative to young healthy people (~4000 genes regulating mitochondrial function, proteostasis, cell membrane, secretory and immune response) were related to the long‐term physical inactivity and chronic inflammation rather than primary aging. Primary aging contributed mainly to the regulation of genes (~200) encoding nuclear proteins (regulators of DNA repair, RNA processing, and transcription), mitochondrial proteins (genes encoding respiratory enzymes, mitochondrial complex assembly factors, regulators of cristae formation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production), as well as regulators of proteostasis. It was found that proteins associated with aging were regulated mainly at the post‐transcriptional level. The set of putative primary aging genes and their potential transcriptional regulators can be used as a resource for further targeted studies investigating the role of individual genes and related transcription factors in the emergence of a senescent cell phenotype.
Advanced age and female sex protect cerebral arteries from mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis during acute oxidative stress
Authors: Norton Charles E. , Shaw Rebecca L. , Safa  , Dockery Beyoncé , Domeier Timothy L. , Segal Steven S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAging increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can impair vascular function and contribute to brain injury. However, aging can also promote resilience to acute oxidative stress. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that advanced age protects smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) of posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs; diameter, ∼80 μm) during exposure to H2O2. PCAs from young (4–6 months) and old (20–26 months) male and female C57BL/6 mice were isolated and pressurized (~70 mm Hg) to evaluate cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ROS production, and [Ca2+]i in response to H2O2 (200 μM, 50 min). SMC death and ΔΨm depolarization were greater in PCAs from males vs. females. Aging increased ROS in PCAs from both sexes but increased SMC resilience to death only in males. Inhibiting TRPV4 channels with HC‐067047 (1 μM) or Src kinases with SU6656 (10 μM) reduced Ca2+ entry and SMC death to H2O2 most effectively in PCAs from young males. Activating TRPV4 channels with GSK1016790A (50 nM) evoked greater Ca2+ influx in SMCs and ECs of PCAs from young vs. old mice but did not induce cell death. However, when combined with H2O2, TRPV4 activation exacerbated EC death. Activating Src kinases with spermidine (100 μM) increased Ca2+ influx in PCAs from males vs. females with minimal cell death. We conclude that in males, chronic oxidative stress during aging increases the resilience of cerebral arteries, which contrasts with inherent protection in females. Findings implicate TRP channels and Src kinases as targets to limit vascular damage to acute oxidative injury.
Comparative responses to 17 different antidepressants in major depressive disorder: Results from a 2‐year long‐term nation‐wide population‐based study emulating a randomized trial
Authors: Kessing Lars Vedel , Ziersen Simon Christoffer , Andersen Frederik Mølkjær , Gerds Thomas , Budtz‐Jørgensen Esben 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term studies comparing nonresponse to antidepressants for major depressive disorder (MDD) are lacking.AimsTo present systematic population‐based nation‐wide register data on comparative 2‐year non‐response within six antidepressant drug classes and 17 different antidepressants in patients with MDD.MethodThe study included all 106,920 patients in Denmark with a first main index diagnosis of MDD at a psychiatric hospital inpatient or outpatient contact and who subsequently had a purchase of an antidepressant in the period from 1995 to 2018. Non‐response to first antidepressant within a 2‐year study period was defined as switch to or add‐on of another antidepressant, antipsychotic medication, lithium, or hospitalization. Analyses emulated a targeted trial in populations standardized according to age, sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity with psychiatric and physical disorders.ResultsCompared with sertraline, there was no difference for citalopram (RR: 1.00 [95% CI: 0.98–1.02]) but fluoxetine (1.13 [95% CI: 1.10–1.17]), paroxetine (1.06 [95% CI: 1.01–1.10]) and escitalopram (1.22 [95% CI: 1.18–1.25]) were associated with higher risk ratio of non‐responses. Within selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, sertraline outperformed reboxetine; within serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, venlafaxine outperformed duloxetine; within noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants, mirtazapine outperformed mianserin and within the class of other antidepressants, sertraline outperformed agomelatine and vortioxetine. Within tricyclic antidepressants, compared to amitriptyline, nortriptyline, dosulepin, and clomipramine had higher non‐response, whereas there was no difference for imipramine.ConclusionsThese analyses emulating a randomized trial of “real world” observational register‐based data show that 2‐year long‐term non‐responses to some antidepressants within six different drug classes are increased over others.
Wild Hogs in the Water: Contested Infrastructural Ecologies of Reservoir Storage in Texas
Authors: Randle Sayd 
Published: February 2024

AbstractReservoirs are developed to store water in reserve for future use. But once built, reservoir sites inevitably hold more than just water, often serving as a key habitat for a range of species. This paper examines how one such animal has transformed water storage facilities and nearby landscapes into contested ground in urbanising areas of Texas, USA. Living around the reservoirs, feral hogs complicate the process of urbanisation by degrading the stockpiled water and infrastructure at the storage sites themselves and by damaging private property throughout the surrounding landscape. Tracking local efforts to manage the hogs, the case study illustrates the spatially extensive stakes of such porous infrastructural ecologies of storage, particularly their role in mediating the ongoing process of the urbanisation of nature.
High‐dose proton pump inhibitor treatment is associated with a higher mortality in cirrhotic patients: A multicentre study
Authors: Yoon Jun Sik , Hong Ji Hoon , Park Soo Young , Kim Seung Up , Kim Hwi Young , Kim Ju Yeon , Hur Moon Haeng , Park Min Kyung , Lee Yun Bin , Lee Han Ah , Kim Gi‐Ae , Sinn Dong Hyun , Park Sung Jae , Lee Youn Jae , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Lee Jeong‐Hoon 
Published: February 2024

SummaryBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPI) are frequently used in patients with cirrhosis.AimsThis study aimed to determine whether PPI use is associated with the prognosis of cirrhotic patients.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study involving 1485 patients who had experienced hepatic encephalopathy (HE) from 7 referral centres in Korea. The primary outcome was overall survival and secondary outcomes included the development of cirrhotic complications, including recurrent HE, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients treated with PPI with a mean defined daily dose (mDDD) ≥0.5 (high‐dose PPI group) were compared to those treated with PPI of an mDDD < 0.5 (No or low‐dose PPI group) for each outcome.ResultsAmong 1485 patients (median age, 61 years; male, 61%), 232 were assigned to the high‐dose PPI group. High‐dose PPI use was independently associated with a higher risk of death (adjusted HR [aHR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38–2.11, p < 0.001). This result was reproducible after propensity score‐matching (PSM) (aHR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.49–2.44, p < 0.001). High‐dose PPI use was an independent risk factor of recurrent HE (before PSM: aHR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.66–2.51, p < 0.001; after PSM: aHR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.70–2.74, p < 0.001), SBP (before PSM: aHR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.43–2.43, p < 0.001; after PSM: aHR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.31–2.36, p = 0.002), HRS (before PSM: aHR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.02–2.15, p = 0.04; after PSM: aHR = 1.47, 95% CI = 0.95–2.28, p = 0.09), and gastrointestinal bleeding (before PSM: aHR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.12–1.90, p = 0.006; after PSM: aHR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.28–2.37, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe use of high‐dose PPI was independently associated with increased risks of mortality and cirrhotic complications.
Estimation of adherence to urate‐lowering therapy in people living with gout using Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and patient‐reported dosing
Authors: Schulz Marcel , Coleshill Matthew J. , Day Richard O. , Wright Daniel F. B. , Brett Jonathan , Briggs Nancy E. , Aung Eindra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to estimate adherence to urate‐lowering therapy (ULT), predominately allopurinol, from Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) claims database in association with (1) patient‐reported doses and (2) World Health Organization's (WHO) defined daily doses (DDD), namely, allopurinol (400 mg/day) or febuxostat (80 mg/day).MethodsProportion of days covered (PDC) was calculated in 108 Gout App (Gout APP) trial participants with at least two recorded ULT dispensings in an approximately 12‐month period before provision of intervention or control apps. Adherence was defined as PDC ≥80%. We measured the correlation between the two methods of calculating PDC using a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Agreement between ULT‐taking status (self‐reports) and ULT‐dispensed status (PBS records) was tested with Cohen's kappa (κ), and positive and negative percent agreement.ResultsAllopurinol was prescribed in 93.5% of participants taking ULT. Their self‐reported mean daily dose (SD) was 291 (167) mg/day. Mean PDC (SD) for allopurinol was 83% (21%) calculated using self‐reported dose, and 63% (24%) using WHO's DDD. Sixty‐three percent of allopurinol users were identified as adherent (PDC ≥80%) using self‐reported dose. There was good agreement between self‐reported ULT use and PBS dispensing claims (κ = 0.708, P < .001; positive percent agreement = 90%, negative percent agreement = 82%).ConclusionsParticipant‐reported allopurinol daily doses, in addition to PBS dispensing claims, may enhance confidence in estimating PDC and adherence compared to using DDD. This approach improves adherence estimations from pharmaceutical claims datasets for medications where daily doses vary between individuals or where there is a wide therapeutic dose range.
Are insulin sensitizers the new strategy to treat Type 1 diabetes? A long‐acting dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist improves insulin‐mediated glycaemic control and controls body weight
Authors: Melander Simone Anna , Larsen Anna Thorsø , Karsdal Morten Asser , Henriksen Kim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeInsulin therapies for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) have limitations, such as glucose fluctuations, hypoglycaemia, and weight gain. Only pramlintide is approved with insulin. However, its short half‐life limits efficacy, requiring multiple daily injections and increasing hypoglycaemia risk. New strategies are needed to improve glycaemic control. Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists are potent insulin sensitizers developed for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) as they improve glucose control, reduce body weight, and attenuate hyperglucagonemia. However, it is uncertain if they could be used to treat T1D.Experimental ApproachSprague Dawley rats received a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg·kg−1) to induce T1D. Humulin (1 U/200 g·day−1 or 2 U/200 g·day−1) was continuously infused, while half of the rats received additional KBP‐336 (4.5 nmol·kg−1 Q3D) treatment. Bodyweight, food intake, and blood glucose were monitored throughout the study. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed during the study.Key ResultsTreatment with Humulin or Humulin + KBP‐336 improved the health of STZ rats. Humulin increased body weight in STZ rats, but KBP‐336 attenuated these increases and maintained a significant weight loss. The combination exhibited greater blood glucose reductions than Humulin‐treated rats alone, reflected by improved HbA1c levels and glucose control. The combination prevented hyperglucagonemia, reduced amylin levels, and increased pancreatic insulin content, indicating improved insulin sensitivity and beta‐cell preservation.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe insulin sensitizer KBP‐336 lowered glucagon secretion while attenuating insulin‐induced weight gain. Additionally, KBP‐336 may prevent hypoglycaemia and improve insulin resistance, which could be a significant advantage for individuals with T1D seeking therapeutic benefits.