bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic and extrinsic asthma, a shared lymphocyte abnormality
Authors: SWINBURN C. R. , HUDSPITH B. N. , BROSTOFF J. , JOHNSON N. McI. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have examined in vitro cell‐mediated lymphocyte responses to Concanavalin A, (Con. A), and the effects of histamine and indomethacin upon these responses, in normal subjects, and patients with extrinsic and intrinsic asthma, and chronic bronchitis. Lymphocytes from both intrinsic and extrinsic asthmatics are particularly sensitive to histamine‐induced suppression of their response to Con. A, and this increased sensitivity was reversed by indomethacin. In these respects, lymphocytes from intrinsic and extrinsic asthmatics behave in an identical fashion, but differ significantly from lymphocytes from both normal subjects and patients with fixed airways obstruction (chronic bronchitis). It is suggested that there is a common immunological mechanism in extrinsic asthma and intrinsic asthma.
Asthma and cessation of smoking
Authors: HILLERDAHL G. , RYLANDER R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOne hundred and twenty‐five patients with asthma were questioned on the character of their symptoms in connection with cessation of tobacco smoking. Eighteen out of fifty‐nine patients who stopped smoking, reported worsening of their symptoms. The pathogenesis behind this effect may be the effect of tobacco smoke on the immune system particularly macrophages and T cells.
Platelet‐activating factor: a possible mediator of the dual response to allergen?
Authors: BASRAN G. S. , PAGE C. P. , PAUL W. , MORLEY J 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCertain allergic asthmatic patients exhibit a dual response in the lung following bronchial challenge with the appropriate allergen, Often this is paralleled by a cutaneous dual response when the antigen is injected intradermally. The mechanisms underlying such phenomena are not established, but some evidence suggests that the late response is a consequence of the early response. Since platelet activation has been observed following antigen challenge in asthmatic subjects, we have studied the ability of platelet activating factor (PAF‐acether. AGEPC) to induce cutaneous inflammatory responses in man. In a time course study over 24 hr, PAF‐acether produced a biphasic response: an immediate weal and flare reaction, which resolved within 1‐2 hr and was followed some 3‐6 hr later by a delayed reaction in which erythema associated with hyperaigesia was evident. These observations suggest that PAF‐acether should be considered in the context of allergic asthma as a possible mediator of the dual response to allergen.
A controlled trial of hyposensitization with adsorbed tyrosine Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen in childhood asthma: in vivo aspects
Authors: PRICE J. F. , WARNER J. O. , HEY E. N. , TURNER M. W. , SOOTHILL J. F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryContinuing study for a second year and further analysis of a double‐blind placebo controlled trial, already briefly reported, of injections of tyrosine‐adsorbed, glutaraldehyde‐modified Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen in fifty‐one children with perennial asthma and positive bronchial challenge to the antigen, confirms that the patients receiving the treatment reduced their symptomatic medication more than controls, without deterioration of symptoms. Some became symptom‐free, when off all treatment.A double‐blind placebo controlled trial of continuing treatment for a second year gave evidence of deterioration when the treatment was stopped.Within the treatment group, the improvement was associated with loss of late (6 hr) reaction to bronchial provocation with the antigen, but was not associated with change of immediate (20 min) reaction in lungs or skin. Those who improved in the placebo group did not lose their late reaction.There was a trend for similar benefit from active treatment in the control group, during the second year, though less than in the original active group, and only one lost his late reaction.Only one of the six children with very severe early onset asthma improved.Local reactions to either active or placebo (tyrosine) were seen in half the patients; these were mild and did not influence the treatment. Systemic symptoms occurred shortly after four active injections and after two placebo injections; only one patient stopped the treatment.
Epithelial damage in nasal polyps
Authors: WLADISLAVOSKY‐WASERMAN P. , KERN E. B. , HOLLEY K. E. , EISENBREY A. B. , GLEICH G. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBronchial epithelial damage occurs regularly in bronchial asthma, but it is not known whether such damage occurs in the mucosa of nasal polyps. We obtained nasal polyp tissues from thirty patients and we examined these tissues for evidence of epithelial damage. Immediately after resection, polyp tissue was fixed in Karnovsky's fixative, embedded in methacrylate and stained with Giemsa pH 6‐5. Normal nasal tissue from eight patients undergoing nasal septal reconstruction was similarly processed. As a disease control, we examined tissue from eight patients with nasal polyps associated with cystic fibrosis. Tissues were viewed by microscopy and epithelial damage was expressed as the percent of surface involved. Twenty‐eight of the thirty patients with idiopathic nasal polps (93%) showed complete loss of nasal mucosa in varying degrees (range 3‐81% of surface; mean, 29%). All patients showed evidence of some epithelial damage, either complete loss or marked desquamation (range 9‐99% of surface; mean 54%). In contrast, six of eight biopsies from patients undergoing septal reconstruction and five of eight nasal polyps from patients with cystic fibrosis showed little or no evidence of epithelial damage. The results indicate that nasal polyps regularly show evidence of epithelial damage similar to that seen in bronchial asthma, and this abnormality may partly explain the rhinorrhea which is prominently associated with nasal polyps.
Breast milk cell supernatants from atopic donors stimulate cord blood IgE secretion in vitro
Authors: ALLARDYCE R. A. , WILSON ANDREA 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBreast milk cell culture supernatants from atopic mothers (nineteen) were compared by ELISA with normal breast‐feeding controls (twenty‐one) for regulation of cord blood lymphocyte IgA and IgE secretion in vitro. A minority of atopic (five out of nineteen) and normal (three out of twenty‐one) cell supernatants stimulated cord blood lymphocyte IgA release to the same extent. The others were inactive. Stimulation was not related to breast milk cells donor atopic history or cord blood lymphocyte atopic heredity.In contrast, 70% of atopic milk cell supernatants stimulated cord blood lymphocyte cultures to form IgE (x± s.d. = 2070 ± 2240 pg/culture) while stimulatory supernatants (24%) from normal donors resulted in less lymphocyte IgE release (x ± s.d. = 680 ± 490 pg/culture) (P< 0.001). These differences did not correlate with breast milk cell supernatant IgE concentrations, cord blood donor serum IgE levels or atopic heredity.
Rapid enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG antibodies against
Authors: KHAN Z. V. , RICHARDSON M. D. , WARNOCK D. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA rapid ELISA was developed for the detection of specific IgG against Micropolyspora faeni and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and compared with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in twenty‐seven patients with suspected farmer's lung disease (FLD). Seventeen patients had precipitins to M. faeni or T. vulgaris or both, and ten had no precipitins. The optimum conditions for each step in the ELISA were determined: pre‐equilibration of reagents at 370C and vigorous agitation during incubation enabled the total test time required for the procedure to he reduced to 4 hr. A serum dilution of 10‐fold produced good differentiation between CIE‐positive and ‐negative sera. Little correlation was seen between CIE and ELISA for either M. faeni or T. vulgaris antigens in tests with sera from patients with precipitins: high readings were often recorded in ELISA where no precipitins had been detected with the same antigen. Positive‐ negative discrimination of unknown sera in ELISA was achieved through the inclusion of CIE‐positive and ‐negative reference sera in each test run. Thirteen CIE‐positive sera were classed as positive in ELISA with the M. faeni antigen while eight of thirteen CIE‐positive sera were positive in ELISA with the T. vulgaris antigen. For both antigens, four CIE‐negative sera were recorded as positive in ELISA.
Immediate hypersensitivity, IgE and asthma
Authors: CARSWELL F. , HUGHES A. O. , MERRETT T. G. , MERRETT J. , HARLAND P. S. E. G. , MEAKINS R. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwenty‐one asthmatic and twenty‐two non‐asthmatic children and nine asthmatic adults from two different rural areas of Tanzania, and eight asthmatic children from Dar‐es‐Salaam were surveyed by questionnaires, skin testing and the measurement of serum IgE. Asthma was significantly commoner in female rural children (four males, fifteen females). The rural asthmatic children apparently had less skin reactivity (in seven of nine tests) and lower specific (in two of four tests) and total serum IgE than age‐, sex‐ and village‐matched controls. This pattern of asthma in rural children in the tropics represents a different type of asthma from that found in temperate zones. In contrast, the adult rural asthmatics and the urban children seemed to have the pattern of increased skin reactivity and serum IgE found in asthmatic patients from temperate climates.
Antibodies to hen and duck antigens in poultry workers
Authors: ANDERSEN P. , SCHØNHEYDER H. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySerum antibodies to avian and Aspergillus antigens were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in forty‐two workers from a poultry abattoir and in twenty healthy blood donors. The levels of IgG and IgA antibodies to hen and duck serum were significantly higher in poultry workers than in blood donors (P<0.01). In workers employed for less than 1 year the antibody levels were lower than in those who had been employed for a longer period of time (P<0.05). The IgA antibody level to a high molecular weight Aspergillus antigen was higher in poultry workers than blood donors (P<0‐05), whereas the level of other Aspergillus antibodies were similar in the two groups. The level of IgG antibodies to hen antigen was higher in non‐smokers than in smokers (P<0‐02). A correlation between the antibody levels to hen and duck antigens and to pigeon antigen was found (P<0.05). indicating cross‐reactivity between these antibodies. No cases of allergic alveolitis were found, and no correlation between antibody levels and respiratory symptoms could be demonstrated.
A controlled trial of oral hyposensitization in pollen asthma and rhinitis in children
Authors: COOPER P. J. , DARBYSHIRE JANET , NUNN A. J. , WARNER J. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis study describes the effect of an orally administered grass‐pollen vaccine, taken pre‐seasonally, on the clinical symptoms of fifty‐four children with hay fever, asthma or both, during the 1982 grass‐pollen season.Oral mixed grass‐pollen vaccine and a matched placebo were randomly allocated to form two matched groups. Although small differences were observed in favour of the active group for both hay fever and asthma, no significant advantage was demonstrated over placebo in terms of symptom scores or additional medication required.
Clinical symptoms and IgE responses to common food proteins in atopic and healthy children
Authors: HATTEVIG G. , KJELLMAN B. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. , BJÖRKSTÉN B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe appearance of symptoms suggestive of allergy through the first 4 years of life was studied prospectively in eighty‐six healthy newborn babies. Blood samples were obtained at birth, at 3,8,25 and 48 months of age and analyzed for levels of total serum IgE and for IgE antibodies to some common foods. The occurrence of IgE antibodies was related to atopic manifestations and to a detailed history of infant feeding and family history of allergy. All infants with elevated cord blood IgE (more than 1.3 kU/1) developed manifestations of atopy. Specific IgE antibodies against egg, cow's milk and soy were demonstrated at 3, 8, 25 and 48 months in nine, twenty‐three, six and two children respectively. Egg was a more potent sensitizing agent than cow's milk, IgE antibodies to egg being present in thirty‐one samples, to cow's milk in eleven and to soy in five samples. Nine infants developed IgE antibodies to eggs or cow's milk before the introduction of these nutrients into the food. The IgE antibody levels were generally low in healthy non‐atopic children and did, with one exception, not reach RAST class 1. In contrast, the levels of IgE antibodies to egg or cow's milk were higher in eleven blood samples from atopic children. We conclude that transient low IgE antibody responses to food proteins appear relatively often even in healthy infants. High concentrations of IgE antibodies however are almost exclusively seen in infants with atopic disease. Sensitization may appear early in infancy sometimes even before the offending food has been introduced into the diet.
Comparison of the stability of a mite and a pollen extract stored in normal conditions of use
Authors: BOUSQUET JEAN , DJOUKADAR FATMÉ , HEWITT BRIAN , GUERIN BERNARD , MICHEL FRANÇOIS‐BERNARD 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPollen extracts are stable in solutions containing 50% glycerol. The stability of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) extracts have not been determined. Two lyophilised extracts (Dp and cocksfoot pollen) were reconstituted in 50% glycerol and stored for up to 6 months at +4°C. Every day the extracts were placed at room temperature for 1 hr to mimic the natural use of allergen extracts by allergists. Every 2 months the extracts initially prepared were compared to freshly reconstituted extracts by means of prick skin tests in fifteen allergic patients. It was observed that cocksfoot pollen extract is stable but there appears a slight but significant (P > 0.05) decay in activity when the extract stored for up to 6 months was compared with a freshly prepared extract. On the other hand there is a significant (P > 0.01) decay in activity of the Dp extract after 2 months of storage. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and cocksfoot pollen extracts behave differently when stored. These findings have particular importance in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic disorders.
Detection of antigen‐specific IgE‐plaque‐forming cells from peripheral‐blood lymphocytes of ragweed‐ and grass‐allergic patients
Authors: PERELMUTTER L. , POTVIN L. , HÉBERT J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe reverse haemolytic plaque assay was developed to measure antigen (AgE or rye grass I)‐specific IgE‐plaque‐forming cells from the peripheral‐blood lymphocytes of ragweed‐ and grass‐allergic patients. The anti‐IgE‐developing antisera was shown to be isotype‐specific, and the response of the assay was inhibited by 52% by the addition of 10 pg of antigen. In addition, the assay was shown to have a reproducibility (s.d.) of 15%. The blood lymphocytes from all fifteen atopic (grass and ragweed) patients were shown to form antigen‐specific IgE‐plaque‐forming cells during the pollen season (mean value 115 cells) and up to 6 months after the season (mean value 56 cells). Cycloheximide appears to block the formation of the plaque‐forming cells. This method appears to be sensitive and reproducible enough to study in vitro IgE antibody synthesis of peripheral‐blood lymphocytes from atopies.
In vitro IgE‐secreting cells in man I. Mitogen‐independent and ‐dependent subpopulations
Authors: MATSUMOTO T. , YAMAGUCHI K. , SHIMAMURA M. , HARADA Y. 
Published: April 2006

Summary In vitro IgE secretion by atopic and normal peripheral‐blood lymphocytes was examined in culture with pokeweed mitogen or Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan‐I (StaCw) or without mitogen. IgE secreted in culture supernatants was measured with double antibody radioimmunoassay. Enumeration of IgE‐secreting cells was made by a protein‐A plaque assay. IgE was detected in increasing quantities in supernatants of cultured lymphocytes without mitogen up to the 12th day. IgE‐plaque‐forming cells were formed by the lymphocytes in large numbers on days 4–7 in cultures with mitogen. These results suggest that not only mitogen‐independent but also mitogen‐dependent subpopulations may exist in the IgE‐secreting cells.
Treatment of nocturnal asthma in children with a single dose of sustained‐release theophylline taken after supper
Authors: PEDERSEN S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind cross‐over study of 2 × 3 weeks’duration, twenty‐four children with stable asthma who were wheezing during the night, were treated with a single dose of sustained‐release theophylline (SRT) taken after supperThe mean serum theophylline levels 4 and 12 hr after dosing were 7.7 and 11.2mg/l, respectively. Few side‐effects were seen. The mean morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) was significantly higher during SRT treatment (244 ± 11 l/min) than during placebo treatment (207 ± 12 l/min) (P> 0.001). The mean difference between morning and evening PEF was reduced from 20.7 to 8.6% by treatment with SRT (P>0.001). Theophylline significantly reduced the severity of attacks of bronchoconstriction during the night as judged by PEF measurement and use of extra bronchodilator treatment per attack. The response to inhaled terbutaline was increased during SRT treatment compared with that in the placebo period, however pre‐treatment PEF did differ significantly between the two periods. The number of acute asthma attacks during the night, the number of symptom‐free nights and the use of extra bronchodilators during the night were all significantly improved by SRT treatment (P> 0.001). Seventeen children correctly identified the SRT period whilst six children showed no preference for either period. A single dose of SRT taken after supper is an effective treatment for nocturnal asthma in children.
Atopic asthma: T lymphocyte subpopulations
Authors: SCHUYLER MARK , GERBLICH ADI , URDA GREGORY 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAtopy is associated with diminished cell‐mediated immunity and increased amounts of IgE, both of which may be caused by imbalances of T lymphocyte subsets.We compared the composition of highly purified peripheral‐blood T cells of fifteen atopic asthmatics with ten non‐atopic control subjects. Each subject was examined on five separate occasions. Indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies was used to define T cell subsets. We examined the proportion of T cells with T3 (most T cells), T4 (helper/inducer), T8 (suppressor/cytotoxic), M1 (natural killer), and Ia (activated T cells) surface antigens. Blood was obtained at the same time of day to eliminate the effects of circadian rhythm. Subjects were taking no medications.We found no difference between the groups of the percentage of T cells with T4, T8, M1, and Ia antigens, nor the ratio of T4+ (helper) to T8+ (suppressor) cells. T3 percent was slightly (94.3 vs 92.5%) higher in the atopic group. We conclude that atopic asthma is not associated with imbalances of peripheral‐blood T cell subsets.
Intragastral provocation under endoscopic control (IPEC) in food allergy: mast cell and histamine changes in gastric mucosa
Authors: REIMANN H.‐J. , RING J. , ULTSCH B. , WENDT P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn fourteen patients with food allergy, intragastral provocation under endoscopical control (IPEC) was performed. In all patients positive immediate‐type reactions of the gastric mucosa were observed consisting of oedema, erythema and petechial bleeding. Microscopically, mast cell degranulation was observed and measured by mast cell counts using the o‐phthaldialdehyde technique. Concomitantly, tissue histamine content in gastric mucosa decreased significantly after allergen provocation, while there was no change in normal volunteers. Plasma histamine concentration increased in most patients; the increases were most evident in four patients showing mild systemic reactions (urticaria and bronchospasm). The technique described might prove to be useful in establishing the diagnosis in doubtful cases of food allergy.
Skin test and RAST responses to wheat and common allergens and respiratory disease in bakers
Authors: PRICHARD M. G. , RYAN G. , WALSH B. J. , MUSK A. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryInterrelationships between skin and humoral tests for immediate hypersensitivity to wheat and indicators of respiratory disease were examined in 176 male bakers. Skin tests were assessed by measuring the diameter of the weal resulting from prick innoculation of allergen extract and circulating allergen‐specific IgE by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Fifteen per cent of subjects showed positive skin‐prick test responses to wheat extracts. These subjects demonstrated an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms and of measurable bronchial responsiveness to methacholine. Thirty per cent of subjects had positive skin test responses to common allergens but negative responses to whole wheat. Compared to subjects with no positive skin test responses they had an increased prevalence of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine but a similar prevalence of respiratory symptoms.There was a significant association between skin test responses to whole wheat and skin test responses to common allergens suggesting that bakers with pre‐existing sensitivity to common allergens are at increased risk of developing wheat flour sensitization.There was no significant difference between skin‐prick test and RAST responses to wheat, water‐soluble wheat protein and common allergens. Both tests showed similar relationships with indices of respiratory disease. The associations between skin test and RAST responses to wheat extracts and indices of respiratory disease was stronger for the water‐soluble wheat proteins than for other wheat grain extracts.These results suggest that immediate hypersensitivity to wheat flour is important in the development of non‐specific bronchial hyperreactivity in bakers and that the water‐soluble fractions of wheat flour are the most important allergenic components. It agrees with in vitro results showing that water‐soluble wheat proteins bind IgE in sensitive bakers more closely than other grain extracts.
Reduction of house dust mite allergen levels in the home: use of the acaricide, pirimiphos methyl
Authors: MITCHELL E. B. , WILKINS S. , DEIGHTON McCALLUM , PLATTS‐MILLS T. A. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHouse dust mite sensitivity is very common in patients with bronchial asthma, yet dust mite avoidance frequently receives little attention in clinical management. It is likely that any reduction in allergen levels associated with routine cleaning is insufficient to allow clinical improvement. In the present study the acaricide pirimiphos methyl is shown to reduce the levels of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, antigen P1 in homes. Following a single application the level of antigen P1 in dust from carpets was reduced by up to 73% and by more than 50% in soft furnishings. Serial sampling showed a reduction for 6 weeks under conditions where carpets and chairs treated with solvent showed a progressive rise in allergen level. Furthermore the survival of mites in cultures or infested carpet segments was markedly inhibited, with antigen PI accumulation reduced by >90%. These results suggest major reductions in house dust mite allergen levels in the home can be achieved.