bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ArgusSpec Prototype: Autonomous Spectroscopic Follow-up of Flares Detected by Large Array Telescopes
Authors: Galliher Nathan W. , Procter Thomas , Law Nicholas M. , Corbett Hank , Howard Ward S. , Vasquez Soto Alan , Gonzalez Ramses , Machia Lawrence , Carney Jonathan , Marshall William J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
ArgusSpec is a prototype autonomous spectroscopic follow-up instrument designed to characterize flares detected by the Argus Pathfinder telescope array by taking short exposure (30 s) broadband spectra (370–750 nm) at low resolutions (R ∼ 150 at 500 nm). The instrument is built from consumer off-the-shelf astronomical equipment, assembled inside a shipping container, and deployed alongside the Argus Pathfinder at a dark sky observing site in Western North Carolina. In this paper, we describe the hardware design, system electronics, custom control software suite, automated target acquisition procedure, and data reduction pipeline. We present initial on-sky test data used to evaluate system performance and show a series of spectra taken of a small flare from AD Leonis. The $35k prototype ArgusSpec was designed, built, and deployed in under a year, largely from existing parts, and has been operating on-sky since 2023 March. With current hardware and software, the system is capable of receiving an observation, slewing, performing autonomous slit acquisition, and beginning data acquisition within an average of 32 s. With Argus Pathfinder’s 1 s cadence survey reporting alerts of rising sources within 2 s of onset, ArgusSpec can reach new targets well within a minute of the start of the event. As built, ArgusSpec can observe targets down to a 20σ limiting magnitude of m

V
≈ 13 at 30 s cadence with an optical resolution of R ∼ 150 (at 500 nm). With automated rapid acquisition demonstrated, later hardware upgrades will be based on a clean-sheet optical design, solving many issues in the current system, significantly improving the limiting magnitude, and potentially enabling deep spectroscopy by the coaddition of data from an array of ArgusSpec systems. The primary science driver behind ArgusSpec is the characterization of the blackbody evolution of flares from nearby M-dwarfs. Large flares emitted by these stars could have significant impacts on the potential habitability of any orbiting exoplanets, but our current understanding of these events is in large part built on observations from a handful of active stars. ArgusSpec will characterize large numbers of flares from across the night sky, building a spectroscopic library of the most extreme events from a wide variety of stellar masses and ages.
Transferable non-invasive modal fusion-transformer (NIMFT) for end-to-end hand gesture recognition
Authors: Xu Tianxiang , Zhao Kunkun , Hu Yuxiang , Li Liang , Wang Wei , Wang Fulin , Zhou Yuxuan , Li Jianqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Recent studies have shown that integrating inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals with surface electromyographic (sEMG) can greatly improve hand gesture recognition (HGR) performance in applications such as prosthetic control and rehabilitation training. However, current deep learning models for multimodal HGR encounter difficulties in invasive modal fusion, complex feature extraction from heterogeneous signals, and limited inter-subject model generalization. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop an end-to-end and inter-subject transferable model that utilizes non-invasively fused sEMG and acceleration (ACC) data. Approach. The proposed non-invasive modal fusion-transformer (NIMFT) model utilizes 1D-convolutional neural networks-based patch embedding for local information extraction and employs a multi-head cross-attention (MCA) mechanism to non-invasively integrate sEMG and ACC signals, stabilizing the variability induced by sEMG. The proposed architecture undergoes detailed ablation studies after hyperparameter tuning. Transfer learning is employed by fine-tuning a pre-trained model on new subject and a comparative analysis is performed between the fine-tuning and subject-specific model. Additionally, the performance of NIMFT is compared to state-of-the-art fusion models. Main results. The NIMFT model achieved recognition accuracies of 93.91%, 91.02%, and 95.56% on the three action sets in the Ninapro DB2 dataset. The proposed embedding method and MCA outperformed the traditional invasive modal fusion transformer by 2.01% (embedding) and 1.23% (fusion), respectively. In comparison to subject-specific models, the fine-tuning model exhibited the highest average accuracy improvement of 2.26%, achieving a final accuracy of 96.13%. Moreover, the NIMFT model demonstrated superiority in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score compared to the latest modal fusion models with similar model scale. Significance. The NIMFT is a novel end-to-end HGR model, utilizes a non-invasive MCA mechanism to integrate long-range intermodal information effectively. Compared to recent modal fusion models, it demonstrates superior performance in inter-subject experiments and offers higher training efficiency and accuracy levels through transfer learning than subject-specific approaches.
Comparison of reduced model predictions for divertor detachment onset and reattachment timescales in ASDEX Upgrade and JET experiments
Authors: Henderson S.S. , Bernert M. , Brida D. , Cavedon M. , David P. , Dux R. , Février O. , Jacquet P. , Järvinen A. , Kallenbach A. , Karhunen J. , Kirov K. , Komm M. , Lennholm M. , Lomanowski B. , Lowry C. , McDermott R. , Meigs A. , Reimerdes H. , Sun H. , Thomas B. ,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   JET Contributors
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Building on prior analysis of ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) experiments (Henderson et al 2023 Nucl. Fusion
63 086024), this study compares simple analytical formula predictions for divertor detachment onset and reattachment timescales in JET experiments. Detachment onset primarily scales with divertor neutral pressure, impurity concentration, power directed to the targets, machine size, and integral perpendicular power decay length. JET experiments, focusing on seeding mixtures of Ne and Ar, align with the detachment onset predictions. Radiation efficiencies among the impurities show good agreement with the model predictions, contrasting with AUG observations which suggested higher efficiency for Ar and lower efficiency for Ne. The time taken to re-ionise the neutral volume in front of the outer target in fully detached divertor conditions was measured following both abrupt increases in injected neutral beam power and, separately, cutting of the impurity gas flow. Re-ionisation of the neutrals occurs within approximately 1 s on JET, which aligns with the simple model prediction derived from AUG data. While the AUG results are not new, their comparison with the JET results enhances understanding, reinforcing confidence in using simple models to predict future reactor scenarios.
Recent progress of flexible pressure sensors: from principle, structure to application characteristics
Authors: Liu Shimin , Liu Guilei , Qiu Jianlong , Yang Lei , Guo Yanjie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Due to its conformal capability, the flexible pressure sensor has a wide range of applications in wearable devices, health monitoring, human–machine interfaces, and other fields. Sensors designed according to various principles and application scenarios exhibit a variety of good characteristics such as high sensitivity, high transparency, a wide detection limit, and low crosstalk. However, achieving all these exceptional functions within a single sensor is evidently challenging. Therefore, it is prudent to emphasize specific advantageous features depending on the unique usage environments and application scenarios. This paper first describes the classification of flexible pressure sensors based on their working principle, then summarizes the commonly used materials and sensor characteristics, and finally reviews the application characteristics of flexible pressure sensors based on different application fields and scenarios. The bottleneck challenges encountered in the development of flexible pressure sensors are discussed, and the foreseeable development strategy is predicted.
Evaluation of models and drought-wetness factors contributing to predicting the vegetation health index in Dak Nong Province, Vietnam
Authors: Luong Van Viet , Bui Dang Hung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Monitoring and predicting vegetation health are essential for agricultural activities and food security. This study aimed to select a model and evaluate the factors contributing to predicting the vegetation health index (VHI) in the Dak Nong Province, Vietnam. Machine learning algorithms were evaluated, including multiple linear regression, xGBoost, and artificial neural networks (ANN). The input variables of the models included the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), soil moisture (SM), and VHI in the previous periods. Research results showed that the ANN model gave the best prediction results. The accuracy of prediction results depended on the season of the year, in which the dry season gave a result with high accuracy. The results also indicated that SM from one to two previous months, SPEI1 from one to three previous months, SPEI3 and SPEI5 from three to six previous months, and VHI from one previous month contributed mainly to the prediction model. The relative contribution of SM and SPEI ranged from 42% to 52% in the last 4 months of the dry season. In addition, land use type also affected prediction quality.
Behavioral carry-over effect and power consideration in crossover trials
Authors: Shi Danni , Ye Ting 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A crossover trial is an efficient trial design when there is no carry-over effect. To reduce the impact of the biological carry-over effect, a washout period is often designed. However, the carry-over effect remains an outstanding concern when a washout period is unethical or cannot sufficiently diminish the impact of the carry-over effect. The latter can occur in comparative effectiveness research, where the carry-over effect is often non-biological but behavioral. In this paper, we investigate the crossover design under a potential outcomes framework with and without the carry-over effect. We find that when the carry-over effect exists and satisfies a sign condition, the basic estimator underestimates the treatment effect, which does not inflate the type I error of one-sided tests but negatively impacts the power. This leads to a power trade-off between the crossover design and the parallel-group design, and we derive the condition under which the crossover design does not lead to type I error inflation and is still more powerful than the parallel-group design. We also develop covariate adjustment methods for crossover trials. We evaluate the performance of cross-over design and covariate adjustment using data from the MTN-034/REACH study.
Development of a workforce self-assessment tool for public health emergency preparedness
Authors: Hayes Jessica S , Barreto Marta , Kalin-Mänttäri Laura , Mexia Ricardo , Connolly Máire A , Voutilainen Liina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
In collaboration with six European public health agencies as part of the PANDEM-2 consortium, we have developed and validated a self-assessment tool that captures the workforce capacities and capabilities needed at the institutional level within National Public Health Institutes (NPHIs) to deal with public health emergencies.

Methods
The work carried out in this study included (i) a review of existing tools for workforce assessment, (ii) focus group discussions and interviews to map the experiences and needs of NPHI’s, (iii) the development of a tool for NPHI’s to assess their workforce capacity and capabilities in public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) and (iv) refinement of the assessment tool via a Delphi study.

Results
Capacity markers were identified to assess the workforce required for PHEP functions and the availability of surge capacity during a public health emergency. The tool also enables NPHIs to analyze gaps in PHEP staff competencies. The assessment scores can assist NPHI pandemic preparedness by identifying and prioritizing training and recruitment needs.

Conclusions
In line with EU Regulation 2022/2371 on serious cross-border threats to health, article 11 Training of healthcare staff and public health staff, Member States (MS) are tasked with assessing current workforce capacity and capability gaps. The PANDEM-2 workforce self-assessment tool aligns with this requirement and will support effective planning and development to strengthen the public health workforce capacity in EU MS.
Nuclear factor Y-A3b binds to the SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS promoter and regulates flowering time in tomato
Authors: Zhang Dedi , Ji Kangna , Wang Jiafa , Liu Xinyu , Zhou Zheng , Huang Rong , Ai Guo , Li Yan , Wang Xin , Wang Taotao , Lu Yongen , Hong Zonglie , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Junhong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The control of flowering time is essential for reproductive success and has a major effect on seed and fruit yield and other important agricultural traits in crops. Nuclear factors Y (NF-Ys) are transcription factors that form heterotrimeric protein complexes to regulate gene expression required for diverse biological processes, including flowering time control in plants. However, to our knowledge, there has been no report on mutants of individual NF-YA subunits that promote early flowering phenotype in plants. In this study, we identified SlNF-YA3b, encoding a member of the NF-Y transcription factor family, as a key gene regulating flowering time in tomato. Knockout of NF-YA3b resulted in an early flowering phenotype in tomato, whereas overexpression of NF-YA3b delayed flowering in transgenic tomato plants. NF-YA3b was demonstrated to form heterotrimeric protein complexes with multiple NF-YB/NF-YC heterodimers in yeast three-hybrid assays. Biochemical evidence indicated that NF-YA3b directly binds to the CCAAT cis-elements of the SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) promoter to suppress its gene expression. These findings uncovered a critical role of NF-YA3b in regulating flowering time in tomato and could be applied to the management of flowering time in crops.
Prior Appendectomy Is Associated With a Milder Clinical Course in Crohn’s Disease: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Mark-Christensen Anders , Kristiansen Eskild Bendix , Laurberg Søren , Erichsen Rune 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Appendectomy may affect the clinical course of Crohn’s disease (CD), but rigorous evidence is sparse and contradicting. The aim of this study was to examine the association between appendectomy and the clinical course of CD.

Methods
All patients diagnosed with CD in Denmark in the period from 1977 to 2017 were identified from the Danish National Patient Registry. Patients with appendectomy were matched with up to 10 comparators with CD and no appendectomy; and rates of CD-related hospital admissions were compared between CD patients with and without appendectomy using incidence rate ratios (IRRs). We used stratified Cox regression analysis to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of initiating treatment with biologics or undergoing intestinal resections.

Results
In all, 21 189 CD patients (1936 with appendectomy and 19 253 without) were identified and followed for a median of 13.6 years. Crohn’s disease patients who had undergone appendectomy experienced a lower rate of CD-related hospital admissions (appendectomy before CD: IRR = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.85; appendectomy after CD: IRR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81-0.88) compared with CD patients without appendectomy. For patients with appendectomy before CD diagnosis, the rate of initiating biologics was lower compared with CD patients with no appendectomy (aHR1-&lt;5 years = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46-0.81; aHR5-&lt;10 years 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33-0.66; aHR10-20 years = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47-0.79), as was the risk of undergoing colorectal resections (aHR1-&lt;5 years = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77-1.15; aHR5-&lt;10 years 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47-0.85; aHR10-20 years = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.54-1.04). Rates of small bowel resections were comparable for CD patients with or without appendectomy prior to CD. Appendectomy performed after CD did not influence the rate of initiating treatment with biologics or undergoing intestinal resections.

Conclusion
The clinical course of CD is milder for those who have previously undergone appendectomy.
On the probable distribution of stock-recruitment resilience of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Hsu Jhen , Chang Yi-Jay , Brodziak Jon , Kai Mikihiko , Punt André E 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Determining how resilient a stock-recruitment relationship is to environmental variation is crucial for fisheries management. Steepness is a key factor characterizing the resilience of a fish stock and, hence, for establishing management reference points. This study estimates the distribution of steepness for Pacific saury using a simulation approach based on evolutionary ecology and reproductive biology, and how it changes in response to environmental change. The median estimated steepness is 0.82 (80% probable range 0.59, 0.93) based on the best available biological information, which suggests that Pacific saury can produce a relatively high proportion of unfished recruitment when depleted to 20% of unfished spawning biomass. Elasticity analysis indicates that steepness for Pacific saury is most sensitive to the survival rate of early life stages, mean body weight, growth, and length-at-maturity. Environmental change could substantially impact steepness, with unfavorable conditions related to survival rates, length-at-maturity, mean body weight, and growth potentially leading to a reduction in resilience. Understanding these impacts is crucial for the assessment and management of Pacific saury. Our numerical simulation approach provides an analytical tool applicable for calculating the steepness distribution in other small pelagic fish influenced by increases in sea surface temperature due to global warming.
Resisting Domestic Violence
Authors: Briddick Catherine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the jurisprudence on domestic violence in international refugee and human rights law. It identifies and offers an original response to shortcomings in both bodies of law. Drawing on the work of Michelle Madden Dempsey, its focus is on domestic violence in its ‘strong’ sense: violence that sustains or perpetuates patriarchy. Decisions on women’s claims for international protection from domestic violence have generated strands of case law which contradict each other, as well as the Refugee Convention’s object and purpose. Decision makers have delineated overly restrictive social groups and ignored, identified, or imputed a range of political opinions. A disproportionate focus on ‘private’ motives has also obscured the nexus between persecution and the Convention ground(s). Similarly, issues left unresolved by the European Court of Human Rights have resulted in the European Convention on Human Rights’ prohibition of discrimination being applied inconsistently, and recently, not at all, in cases involving domestic violence. These deficiencies are traced to a lack of conceptual and legal clarity as to the nature of domestic violence. A response is offered that understands such violence as political and discriminatory. The article concludes by arguing that victims of domestic violence, properly understood, have experienced unlawful discrimination and are members of the ‘simple’ particular social group of ‘women’. It also answers calls within the literature for gender-sensitive approaches to the political opinion ground, offering an analysis that recognizes women’s resistance to violence, including in cases where commitments to gender equality are not expressed. Overall, the article contributes an improved understanding of domestic violence that could be relied on to ground principled decision making on discrimination, persecution, and the Convention grounds.
Accelerated numerical solutions for discretized Black–Scholes equations
Authors: Saâdaoui Foued 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Accepted by: Aris Syntetos
This study thoroughly investigates the efficiency of advanced numerical extrapolation methods aimed at enhancing the convergence of vector sequences in the realm of mathematical finance. Our focus lies in the application of polynomial extrapolation techniques to calculate finite difference solutions for the Black–Scholes (BS) equation—an indispensable model in options pricing. The performance of our algorithms undergoes rigorous evaluation through a comprehensive analysis involving both simulated and real-world data. Notably, our experiments uncover that a stochastic scheme, incorporating two extrapolation strategies and a random relaxation parameter, outperforms other proposed methods, excelling in both convergence and stability metrics. Our findings underscore the potential of this numerical extrapolation method to enhance the efficiency of financial calculations, particularly in the realm of option pricing. This innovation holds promise for refining financial models and addressing specific challenges within the field of mathematical programming, providing effective solutions to the primary computational bottlenecks commonly encountered in financial decision-making.
A Formalism of F-modules for Rings with Complete Local Finite F-Representation Type
Authors: Quinlan-Gallego Eamon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We develop a formalism of unit $F$-modules in the style of Lyubeznik and Emerton-Kisin for rings that have finite $F$-representation type after localization and completion at every prime ideal. As applications, we show that if $R$ is such a ring then the iterated local cohomology modules $H^{n_{1}}_{I_{1}} \circ \cdots \circ H^{n_{s}}_{I_{s}}(R)$ have finitely many associated primes, and that all local cohomology modules $H^{n}_{I}(R / gR)$ have closed support when $g$ is a nonzerodivisor on $R$.
Identification of two critical amino acid residues in short-chain aldehyde-responsive odorant receptors
Authors: Kanemaki Reina , Hayakawa Toshiya , Kudo Haruto , Yohda Masafumi , Fukutani Yosuke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMammalian odorant receptors (ORs) are crucial for detecting a broad spectrum of odorants, yet their functional expression poses a significant challenge, often requiring Receptor-transporting proteins (RTPs). This study examines mouse Olfr733 and Olfr732, which, despite high homology, show different functional expression profiles in heterologous cell systems. Our research aimed to identify key amino acids impacting Olfr733's functional expression. We discovered that G112FBW3.40 and L148PBW4.49 (Ballesteros–Weinstein numbering in superscript) substitutions in Olfr732 markedly enhance its RTP-independent expression and ligand responsiveness, mirroring Olfr733. These substitutions, particularly Phe112 and Leu148, are crucial for aldehyde recognition and membrane localization in Olfr733, respectively. While Olfr732-type ORs are conserved across species, Olfr733-types, unique to specific rodents, appear to have evolved from Olfr732, with Pro148 enhancing membrane expression and aldehyde sensitivity. Mouse ORs with ProBW4.49 tend to exhibit improved membrane expression compared to their paralogs, especially when co-expressed with RTP1S. This study concludes that the Pro residue in the fourth transmembrane domain significantly contributes to the structural stability of certain olfactory receptors, highlighting the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying OR functionality and evolution.