bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal model for intracellular ice formation and its growth
Authors: Zhao Gang , Luo Dawei , Gao Dayong 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe intracellular ice volume (IIV) term, Vice(c,T), is introduced into the classical water transport model developed by P. Mazur so that the modified model is capable of predicting cell volumetric change even after intracellular ice formation (IIF). By coupling the modified P. Mazur's model, ice nucleation, and the diffusion‐limited ice growth theory, the new model describing IIF and the growth of the intracellular ice (IIG) is developed based on J. O. M. Karlsson's work in 1994. The new model could be used to predict IIF, IIG, the final volumetric fraction of the intracellular ice, and the size distribution of the intracellular ice crystals. The major advantage of the new model is that it can provide reasonable intracellular information for both high cryoprotective agent (CPA) and low CPA concentrations without “Avrami correction”. The new model is then used to study the effect of cooling rate and initial CPA concentration on IIF and IIG. Three interesting phenomena, “hydration of salt ions (Na+ and Cl−)”, “crustaceous vitrification”, and “local vitrification” are presented, and their effects on IIF and IIG are studied in detail. It is found that all three of these factors have significant influences on the predicted critical cooling rate for the vitrification of the intracellular solution. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Bilateral periventricular heterotopias in an X‐linked dominant transmission in a family with two affected males
Authors: Gérard‐Blanluet Marion , Sheen Volney , Machinis Kalotina , Neal Jason , Apse Kira , Danan Claude , Sinico Martine , Brugières Pierre , Mage Katia , Ratsimbazafy Lanto , Elbez Annie , Janaud Jean‐Claude , Amselem Serge , Walsh Christopher , Encha‐Razavi Férechté 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe report on the case of dizygotic twin boys, born prematurely to an asymptomatic mother. Bilateral periventricular heterotopias with enlarged ventricles were discovered at birth in both twins. One of the twins died prematurely of bronchopulmonary complications, and was shown to have several neuropathological anomalies (microgyria, thin corpus callosum, and reduced white matter). The surviving twin had mental retardation, without epilepsy. MRI of the mother showed asymptomatic periventricular heterotopias without ventricular enlargement. She had two affected daughters also with asymptomatic periventricular heterotopias. A point mutation in the last coding exon 48 of the Filamin A (FLNA) gene (7922c > t) was discovered on sequencing and segregated with the affected individuals. This family has a classical X‐linked dominant BPNH pathology, with greater severity in males than females. The location of the FLNA mutation is discussed in light of the neuropathological anomalies and mental retardation in male patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FBN1, TGFBR1, and the Marfan‐craniosynostosis/mental retardation disorders revisited
Authors: Adès L.C. , Sullivan K. , Biggin A. , Haan E.A. , Brett M. , Holman K.J. , Dixon J. , Robertson S. , Holmes A.D. , Rogers J. , Bennetts B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe recent identification of TGFBR2 mutations in Marfan syndrome II (MFSII) [Mizuguchi et al. (2004); Nat Genet 36:855–860] and of TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 mutations in Loeys–Dietz aortic aneurysm syndrome (LDS) [Loeys et al. (2005); Nat Genet 37:275–281] [OMIM 609192] has provided direct evidence of abnormal signaling in transforming growth factors β (TGF‐β) in the pathogenesis of Marfan syndrome (MFS). In light of this, we describe the phenotypes and genotypes of five individuals. Patient 1 had MFS and abnormal cranial dura. Patient 2 had severe early onset MFS and an abnormal skull. Patients 3 and 4 had probable Furlong syndrome (FS). Patient 5 had marfanoid (MD) features, mental retardation (MR), and a deletion of chromosome 15q21.1q21.3. All patients had a condition within the MFS, MD‐craniosynostosis (CS) or MD‐MR spectrum. The names of these entities may become redundant, and instead, come to be considered within the spectrum of TGF‐β signaling pathway disorders. Two recurrent heterozygous FBN1 mutations were found in Patients 1 and 2, and an identical novel heterozygous de novo TGFBR1 mutation was found in Patients 3 and 4, in whom altered fibrillin‐1 processing was demonstrated previously [Milewicz et al. (2000); Am J Hum Genet 67:279]. A heterozygous FBN1 deletion was found in Patient 5. These findings support the notion that perturbation of extracellular matrix homeostasis and/or remodeling caused by abnormal TGF‐β signaling is the core pathogenetic mechanism in MFS and related entities including the MD‐CS syndromes. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of meiotic crossovers during oogenesis in an apparent 45,X Ullrich–Turner syndrome patient with three children
Authors: Houge Gunnar , Boman Helge , Lybæk Helle , Ness Gro O. , Juliusson Petur B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA woman with apparent 45,X Ullrich–Turner syndrome was ascertained after the birth of three girls, the last being growth retarded due to a del(X)(p22.11) of grand‐paternal origin. In this woman no del(X)‐chromosome was detectable in blood by FISH or PCR. Fibroblast cultures from four different biopsies of her skin varied from having 45,X only to mosaic 46,X,del(X) to 46,X,del(X) only. In one fibroblast culture, a few cells with two del(X) chromosomes were found, probably remnants of a paternal dicentric X that caused the condition. Her three daughters were born when she was 29, 31, and 39 years old, respectively, indicating that disomy for the distal half of Xp is not required for normal folliculogenesis. When studying the crossover pattern of her daughters' maternal X‐chromosomes, it turned out that one daughter had an X that was exclusively grand‐maternal, one daughter lacked crossovers on Xq, and one daughter lacked crossovers on Xp. This suggests that univalent X‐chromosomes were present in the Ullrich–Turner patient's primordial egg cells, either because there was only a single X‐chromosome present (a 45,X primary oocyte), or because the X‐chromosome was a partially or completely unpaired in pachytene, indicating a problem with chromosome association and synapsis formation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NO removal in continuous BioDeNOx reactors: Fe(II)EDTA2− regeneration, biomass growth, and EDTA degradation
Authors: van der Maas Peter , van den Brink Paula , Utomo Sudarno , Klapwijk Bram , Lens Piet 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBioDeNOx is a novel technique for NOx removal from industrial flue gases. In principle, BioDeNOx is based on NO absorption into an aqueous Fe(II)EDTA2− solution combined with biological regeneration of that scrubber liquor in a bioreactor. The technical and economical feasibility of the BioDeNOx concept is strongly determined by high rate biological regeneration of the aqueous Fe(II)EDTA2− scrubber liquor and by EDTA degradation. This investigation deals with the Fe(II)EDTA2− regeneration capacity and EDTA degradation in a lab‐scale BioDeNOx reactor (10–20 mM Fe(II)EDTA2−, pH 7.2 ± 0.2, 55°C), treating an artificial flue gas (1.5 m3/h) containing 60–155 ppm NO and 3.5–3.9% O2. The results obtained show a contradiction between the optimal redox state of the aqueous FeEDTA solution for NO absorption and the biological regeneration. A low redox potential (below −150 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) is needed to obtain a maximal NO removal efficiency from the gas phase via Fe(II)EDTA2− absorption. Fe(III)EDTA− reduction was found to be too slow to keep all FeEDTA in the reduced state. Stimulation of Fe(III)EDTA− reduction via periodical sulfide additions (2 mM spikes twice a week for the conditions applied in this study) was found to be necessary to regenerate the Fe(II)EDTA2− scrubber liquor and to achieve stable operation at redox potentials below −150 mV (pH 7.2 ± 0.2). However, redox potentials of below −200 mV should be avoided since sulfide accumulation is unwanted because it is toxic for NO reduction. Very low values for biomass growth rate and yield, respectively, 0.043/d and 0.009 mg protein per mg ethanol, were observed. This might be due to substrate limitations, that is the electron acceptors NO and presumably polysulfide, or to physiological stress conditions induced by the EDTA rich medium or by radicals formed in the scrubber upon the oxidation of Fe(II)EDTA2− by oxygen present in the flue gas. Radicals possibly also induce EDTA degradation, which occurs at a substantial rate: 2.1 (±0.1) mM/d under the conditions investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probing the Transition between the Localised (Class II) and Localised‐to‐Delocalised (Class II–III) Regimes by Using Intervalence Charge‐Transfer Solvatochromism in a Series of Mixed‐Valence Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: D'Alessandro Deanna M. , Topley Amy C. , Davies Murray S. , Keene F. Richard 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIntervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) solvatochromism studies on the diastereoisomeric forms of [{Ru(bpy)2}2(μ‐BL)]5+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine; BL=a series of di‐bidentate polypyridyl bridging ligands) reveal that the solvent dependencies of the IVCT transitions decrease as the “tail” of the bridging ligand is extended, and the extent of delocalisation increases. Utilising a classical theoretical approach for the analysis of the intervalence charge‐transfer (IVCT) solvatochromism data, the subtle and systematic variation in the electronic properties of the bridging ligands can be correlated with the shift between the localised (class II) and localised‐to‐delocalised (class II–III) regimes. The investigation of the diastereoisomeric forms of two series of complexes incorporating analogous structurally rigid (fused) and nonrigid (unfused) bridging ligands demonstrates that the differences in the IVCT characteristics of the diastereoisomers of a given complex are accentuated in the latter case, due to a stereochemically induced redox asymmetry contribution. The marked dependence of the IVCT transitions on the stereochemical identity of the complexes provides a quantitative measure of the fundamental contributions of the reorganisational energy and redox asymmetry to the intramolecular electron‐transfer barrier at the molecular level.
Thermochemical Study on the Chiral Sodium Zincophosphate Nanocrystalline
Authors: Wu Jian , Yuan Ai‐Qun , Huang Zai‐Yin , Song Bao‐Lin , Liao Sen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChiral sodium zincophosphate nanocrystalline has been prepared and characterized. The standard molar enthalpy of the following reaction 12Na3PO4·12H2O(s)+12ZnSO4·7H2O(s)=Na12(Zn12P12O48)·12H2O(s)+12Na2SO4(s)+216H2O(l) was determined by solution reaction calorimetric at 298.15 K, and calculated to be 33.666±0.195 kJ/mol. From the results and other auxiliary quantities, the standard enthalpy of formation for sodium zincophosphate nanocrystalline was derived to be Δ fH⊖m [Na12(Zn12P12O48)·12H2O(s), 298.15 K]=−24268.494±0.815 kJ/mol.
Morphology Investigation of Electrolessly Deposited Ag Film on Ag‐Activated p‐Type Silicon(111) Wafer
Authors: Tong Hao , Wang Chun‐Ming 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA method of electroless silver deposition on silver activated p‐type silicon(111) wafer was proposed. The silver seed layer was deposited firstly on the wafer in the solution of 0.005 mol/L AgNO3+0.06 mol/L HF. Then the silver film was electrolessly deposited on the seed layer in the electroless bath of AgNO3+NH3+acetic acid+NH2NH2 (pH 10.2). The morphology of the seed layer and the silver films prepared under the condition of the different bath composition was compared by atomic force microscopy. The reflectance of the silver films with different thickness was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The experimental results indicate that the seed layer possesses excellent catalytic activity toward electroless silver deposition and rotating of the silicon wafer during the electroless silver deposition could lead to formation of the smoother silver film.
Synthesis, Photochromic Kinetics, Fluorescence and Structure of a New 1,2‐Diarylcyclopentene
Authors: Pu Shou‐Zhi , Xiao Qiang , Xu Jing‐Kun , Shen Liang , Li Gui‐Zhen , Chen Bing 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe photochromic diarylethene, 1,2‐bis[2‐methyl‐5‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐3‐thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene (BMTTP), was synthesized and its photochromic kinetics, fluorescence and X‐ray structure were investigated. This compound underwent a photochromic reaction both in solution and the single crystalline phase. Its cyclization/cycloreversion process was determined to be zeroth/first order reaction, respectively, and this is the first report on the cyclization/cycloreversion reaction order. In addition, its fluorescence property was also discussed.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Thermal Analysis and Magnetic Property of Mono‐ and Bi‐nuclear 1,1‐Cyclobutanedicarboxy‐ late Copper Complexes
Authors: Li Ming‐Xing , Dai Hui , Shao Min , Shi Lei , Lin Kun‐Hua , Cheng Zhi‐Xuan , Weng Lin‐Hong 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo new copper complexes, [Cu(cbdc)(phen)(H2O)]·2H2O (1) and [Cu2(cbdc)(phen)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2·H2O (2) (cbdc=1,1‐cyclobutanedicarboxylate and phen=1,10‐phenanthroline), were synthesized by reaction of cbdc with Cu(ClO4)2and phen in ethanol aqueous solution. Complex1crystallizes in monoclinic system with space groupP2(1)/canda=0.9428(4) nm,b=1.2183(5) nm,c=1.6265(7) nm,β=102.418(5)°,V=1.8246(13) nm3,Z=4,R=0.0445,wR2=0.0947. The structure of1is discretely mononuclear, which is packed by π···π interaction forming a 3D supramolecular structure where Cu(II) ion is five‐coordinated and has square‐pyramidal coordination geometry. Its thermal decomposition procedure detail was studied by thermal analysis TG‐DSC. Complex2belongs to monoclinic system with space groupP2(1)/canda=0.8897(3) nm,b=1.9130(8) nm,c=1.9936(8) nm,β=99.04(2)°,V=3.351(2) nm3,Z=4,R=0.0540,wR2=0.1102. The structure of2is a discrete binucleus, where Cu(1) is four‐coordinated by phen and cbdc in a square‐planar geometry while Cu(2) is five‐coordinated by phen, one O of cbdc and two H2O, which can be best described as distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal geometry. Cu(1) and Cu(2) are linked by carboxylic group of cbdc in a bidentate bridging fashion. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibilities of2in 2–300 K showed that its magnetic behavior obeyed Curie law.
Synthesis of Novel Nucleoside Analogues Based on 1,3‐Dihydrobenzo[c]furan Core
Authors: Liu Zhao‐Peng , Meng Zhao‐Li , Wang De‐Feng 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA novel efficient synthetic route to 1,3‐dihydrobenzo[c]furan glycone was developed and the corresponding 5‐fluoro, 5‐iodo uracil and guanosine derivatives, the aromatic analogues of the well known antiviral 2′,3′‐dideoxy‐2′,3′‐dihydronucleosides (d4N), were synthesized.
Two Multi‐armed Neutral Receptors for α,ω‐Dicarboxylate Anions
Authors: Wu Jin‐Long , He Yong‐Bing , Wei Lan‐Hua , Liu Shun‐Ying , Xu Kuo‐Xi , Meng Ling‐Zhi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo new multi‐armed neutral receptors 1 and 2 containing thiourea and amide groups were synthesized by simple steps in good yields. Receptors 1 and 2 have a better selectivity and higher association constants for malonate anion than other anions examined by the present work. In particular, distinct color changes were observed upon addition of dicarboxylate anions to the solution of 1 in DMSO. The UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectra data indicate that a 1:2 stoichiometry complex was formed between compound 1 or 2 and dicarboxylate anions of shorter carbon chain, and a 1:1 stoichiometry complex was formed between compound 1 or 2 and dicarboxylate anions of longer carbon chain through hydrogen bonding interactions.
Synthesis of a Novel Discrete Metallacycle Complex Self‐assembled into a 3D Hydrogen‐binding Supramolecular Structure
Authors: Wu Ben‐Lai , Zhang Hong‐Yun , Wu Qing‐An , Hou Hong‐Wei , Zhu Yu , Ye Bao‐Xian 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA novel discrete dinuclear metallacyclic copper(II) complex, [Cu2L2(H2O)2]·3H2O (1) has been firstly prepared where L is derived from the 1:2 condensation of 2,2′‐bipyridyl‐3,3′‐diformylhydrazide and acetone during the formation of the complex. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis determines that the complex consists of dinuclear metallacyclic units [Cu2L2(H2O)2] where two metal centers are linked together through two bis(chelating) bridge ligands L to form a bizarre cavity with size 0.9417 nm×0.4999 nm×0.6930 nm. Interestingly, the metal coordination also creates hydrogen bond sites that further aggregate these metallacycles into a 3D supramolecular structure with 2D perpendicular hydrophilic tunnels in crystal.
para‐Dialkylaminophenyl Dyes for Efficient Nanocrystalline TiO2 Sensitization in Far‐red Region
Authors: Li Chao , Zhou Jia‐Hong , Chen Jing‐Rong , Chen You‐Sheng , Zhang Xue‐Hua , Ding Hui‐Ying , Wang Wei‐Bo , Wang Xue‐Song , Zhang Bao‐Wen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFour para‐dialkylaminophenyl (PDAAP1–PDAAP4) bearing carboxyl groups were studied for application to the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSC). It was found the short spacer CH2 between carboxyl and dialkylaminophenyl chromophore in PDAAP3 and PDAAP4 led to highly efficient monochromatic incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiencies (IPCE), however the long alkyl group C4H9 attached on aniline moieties in PDAAP2 and PDAAP4 favored improvement of open‐circuit photovoltage. Thus, the solar cell sensitized by PDAAP4, having both short carboxyl groups CH2COOH and long alkyl groups C4H9, exhibited the IPCE maximum of 73% at 670 nm and overall energy conversion efficiency η of 3.06%, representing the highest IPCE and η values so far in dialkylaminophenyl‐based organic dye‐sensitized semiconductor solar cells. Taking advantage of the highly efficient sensitizing ability of PDAAP4 in far‐red region, the data of IPCE above 630 nm of the solar cells were improved greatly by cosensitization with both N3 and PDAAP4. The influences of the TiO2 film thickness and the concentration of 4‐tert‐butylpyridine (TBP) in electrolyte were also investigated.
Hydrogen‐bonded Lamellar Network of Pyromellitic Acid Pillared by 8‐Hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Hong , Zhang Jing‐Ping , Gao Fei‐Xue , Hua Rui‐Mao , Zhou Guang‐Yuan 
Published: April 2006

Abstract8‐Hydroxyquinoline (8‐q) salt of pyromellitic acid (benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetracarboxylic acid, H4bta) forms robust lamellar structure where [H2bta]2− anions build up sheets through strong hydrogen bonds in two dimensions and [H‐8‐q]+ cations act as pillars to afford an extended three dimensional network.
Kinetic analysis of hyaluronidase activity using a bioactive MRI contrast agent
Authors: Shiftan Liora , Neeman Michal 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOne of the attractions of molecular imaging using ‘smart’ bioactive contrast agents is the ability to provide non‐invasive data on the spatial and temporal changes in the distribution and expression patterns of specific enzymes. The tools developed for that aim could potentially also be developed for functional imaging of enzyme activity itself, through quantitative analysis of the rapid dynamics of enzymatic conversion of these contrast agents. High molecular weight hyaluronan, the natural substrate of hyaluronidase, is a major antiangiogenic constituent of the extracellular matrix. Degradation by hyaluronidase yields low molecular weight fragments, which are proangiogenic. A novel contrast material, HA‐GdDTPA‐beads, was designed to provide a substrate analog of hyaluronidase in which relaxivity changes are induced by enzymatic degradation. We show here a first‐order kinetic analysis of the time‐dependent increase in R2 as a result of hyaluronidase activity. The changes in R2 and the measured relaxivity of intact HA‐GdDTPA‐beads (r2B) and HA‐GdDTPA fragments (r2D) were utilized for derivation of the temporal drop in concentration of GdDTPA in HA‐GdDTPA‐beads as the consequence of the release of HA‐GdDTPA fragments. The rate of dissociation of HA‐GdDTPA from the beads showed typical bell‐shaped temperature dependence between 7 and 36 °C with peak activity at 25 °C. The tools developed here for quantitative dynamic analysis of hyaluronidase activity by MRI would allow the use of activation of HA‐GdDTPA‐beads for the determination of the role of hyaluronidase in altering the angiogenic microenvironment of tumor micro metastases. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic and Ab Initio Analysis of the Controversial Enthalpy of Formation of Formaldehyde
Authors: da Silva Gabriel , Bozzelli Joseph W. , Sebbar Nadia , Bockhorn Henning 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThere are two values, −26.0 and −27.7 kcal mol−1, that are routinely reported in literature evaluations for the standard enthalpy of formation, Δf H°298, of formaldehyde (CH2O), where error limits are less than the difference in values. In this study, we summarize the reported literature for formaldehyde enthalpy values based on evaluated measurements and on computational studies. Using experimental reaction enthalpies for a series of reactions involving formaldehyde, in conjunction with known enthalpies of formation, its enthalpy is determined to be −26.05±0.42 kcal mol−1, which we believe is the most accurate enthalpy currently available. For the same reaction series, the reaction enthalpies are evaluated using six computational methods: CBS‐Q, CBS‐Q//B3, CBS‐APNO, G2, G3, and G3B3 yield Δf H°298=−25.90±1.17 kcal mol−1, which is in good agreement to our experimentally derived result. Furthermore, the computational chemistry methods G3, G3MP2B3, CCSD/6‐311+G(2df,p)//B3LYP/6‐31G(d), CCSD(T)/6‐311+G(2df,p)//B3LYP/6‐31G(d), and CBS‐APNO in conjunction with isodesmic and homodesmic reactions are used to determine Δf H°298. Results from a series of five work reactions at the higher levels of calculation are −26.30±0.39 kcal mol−1 with G3, −26.45±0.38 kcal mol−1 with G3MP2B3, −26.09±0.37 kcal mol−1 with CBS‐APNO, −26.19±0.48 kcal mol−1 with CCSD, and −26.16±0.58 kcal mol−1 with CCSD(T). Results from heat of atomization calculations using seven accurate ab initio methods yields an enthalpy value of −26.82±0.99 kcal mol−1. The results using isodesmic reactions are found to give enthalpies more accurate than both other computational approaches and are of similar accuracy to atomization enthalpy calculations derived from computationally intensive W1 and CBS‐APNO methods. Overall, our most accurate calculations provide an enthalpy of formation in the range of −26.2 to −26.7 kcal mol−1, which is within computational error of the suggested experimental value. The relative merits of each of the three computational methods are discussed and depend upon the accuracy of experimental enthalpies of formation required in the calculations and the importance of systematic computational errors in the work reaction. Our results also calculate Δf H °298 for the formyl anion (HCO−) as 1.28±0.43 kcal mol−1.