bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin‐pulsed dendritic cells stimulate natural killer T cells and γδT cells
Authors: Naoe Michio , Ogawa Yoshio , Takeshita Kumiko , Morita Jun , Iwamoto Sanju , Miyazaki Akira , Yoshida Hideki 
Published: June 2007

Background:  Immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) for bladder cancer is successful, although the precise mechanism is unclear. Natural killer (NK) cells are a candidate for BCG‐activated killer cells, but the roles of other T lymphocytes, such as NKT cells and γδT cells, are not fully understood. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a potent activator of both NKT cells and γδT cells. However, it is known that the patient's prognosis is good if there are increased numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) in the urine after BCG therapy. Therefore, we investigated whether DCs are matured by BCG and whether BCG‐pulsed DCs stimulate NKT cells and γδT cells.Methods:  Naïve Pan T cells were isolated form peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and DCs were obtained by culturing CD14+ monocytes with granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interleukin‐4. The DCs were pulsed with BCG and their maturation was measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analysis using the CD86 antibody. Naïve T lymphocytes were stimulated by coculture with BCG‐pulsed DCs in vitro, followed by FACS analysis to estimate the ratio and activation of NKT cells and the ratio of γδT cells. The 51Cr (chromium) release assay was used to estimate the cytotoxic activity of the stimulated T cells. Cytolytic proteins in the patient's PBMCs were measured during BCG therapy using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction.Results:  The DCs were matured by BCG stimulation and the number of NKT cells and γδT cells increased after culturing with BCG‐pulsed DCs. The BCG‐pulsed DCs also activated the NKT cells and γδT cells. Also, the lymphocytes that were cocultured with the BCG‐pulsed DCs showed unspecific cytotoxic activity against a bladder cancer cell line.Conclusion:  Sensitization of NKT cells and γδT cells by BCG‐pulsed DCs might be one of the mechanisms of BCG immunotherapy.
Cognitive dysfunction associated with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Taylor V. H. , MacQueen G. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMetabolic syndrome which includes visceral obesity, elevated triglycerides, elevated fasting blood sugar, high blood pressure and a decrease in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels comprises the most common chronic physical illnesses in modern society. Components of the metabolic syndrome play a role in the pathogenesis of a plethora of medical illnesses. Evidence has emerged highlighting the detrimental effects of metabolic syndrome and its constituent features on the cognitive aspects of neurological function. The precise mechanisms underlying this association are not known but a combination of neuroanatomical changes and neuroendocrine consequences of somatic dysregulation may be relevant. As the population ages and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases, it is important that this clinically relevant association be recognized.
PATTERN RECOGNITION VIA ROBUST SMOOTHING WITH APPLICATION TO LASER DATA
Authors: Grillenzoni Carlo 
Published: June 2007

SummaryNowadays airborne laser scanning is used in many territorial studies, providing point data which may contain strong discontinuities. Motivated by the need to interpolate such data and preserve their edges, this paper considers robust nonparametric smoothers. These estimators, when implemented with bounded loss functions, have suitable jump‐preserving properties. Iterative algorithms are developed here, and are equivalent to nonlinear M‐smoothers, but have the advantage of resembling the linear Kernel regression. The selection of their coefficients is carried out by combining cross‐validation and robust‐tuning techniques. Two real case studies and a simulation experiment confirm the validity of the method; in particular, the performance in building recognition is excellent.
MODEL SELECTION FOR PENALIZED SPLINE SMOOTHING USING AKAIKE INFORMATION CRITERIA
Authors: Wager Carrie , Vaida Florin , Kauermann Göran 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwo different forms of Akaike's information criterion (AIC) are compared for selecting the smooth terms in penalized spline additive mixed models. The conditional AIC (cAIC) has been used traditionally as a criterion for both estimating penalty parameters and selecting covariates in smoothing, and is based on the conditional likelihood given the smooth mean and on the effective degrees of freedom for a model fit. By comparison, the marginal AIC (mAIC) is based on the marginal likelihood from the mixed‐model formulation of penalized splines which has recently become popular for estimating smoothing parameters. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the use of mAIC for selecting covariates for smoothing in additive models is new. In the competing models considered for selection, covariates may have a nonlinear effect on the response, with the possibility of group‐specific curves. Simulations are used to compare the performance of cAIC and mAIC in model selection settings that have correlated and hierarchical smooth terms. In moderately large samples, both formulations of AIC perform extremely well at detecting the function that generated the data. The mAIC does better for simple functions, whereas the cAIC is more sensitive to detecting a true model that has complex and hierarchical terms.
High in vitro efficacy of Nyda® L, a pediculicide containing dimeticone
Authors: Oliveira FAS , Speare R , Heukelbach J 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground  The therapy of pediculosis remains a common problem in clinical practice. As resistance to commonly used chemical pediculicides is constantly increasing, there is a need for new effective compounds.Study design  The efficacy of Nyda® L, a new pediculicide containing a high concentration of dimeticone, was assessed in an in vitro trial and compared with three reference products (Hedrin® containing 4% dimeticone, Lyclear® containing 1% permethrin, and Prioderm® containing 1% malathion) and a negative control group. Head lice were collected from heavily infested patients in a resource‐poor community in Northeast Brazil, where no resistance against pediculicides has been reported thus far. In each of the five groups, 50 adult fully vital lice were tested. We used a dip test (immersing head lice in the undiluted products for 3 min, washing off products after 20 min). Using predefined criteria for mortality, the lice were monitored at different points in time, for a period of 24 h.Results  Nyda® L and Prioderm® killed all head lice already after 5 min. The efficacy of Nyda® L was better than of Lyclear®. Lice treated with Hedrin® resurrected after several hours and did not show a significantly higher mortality compared with the control group after 24 h.Conclusion  Nyda® L can be regarded as a very efficacious pediculicidal compound, killing all lice in vitro within 5 min.
Epidemiology of orofacial herpes simplex virus infections in the general population in France: results of the HERPIMAX study
Authors: Malvy D , Ezzedine K , Lançon F , Halioua B , Rezvani A , Bertrais S , Chanzy B , Malkin J‐E , Morand P , De Labareyre C , Hercberg S , El Hasnaoui A 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground  Prevalence of clinically manifest orofacial herpes in the general population is poorly characterized.Objectives  To establish the lifetime prevalence of clinically manifest orofacial herpes and its relationship with herpes simplex virus (HSV) serotype in the French general population.Patients/methods  Subjects (N = 2796) were serotyped for HSV1 and HSV2 and provided data on herpetic symptoms by questionnaire. Subjects reporting at least one episode of orobuccal ulcerative mucosal lesions were classified as clinically manifest orofacial herpes.Results  Lifetime prevalence of clinically manifest orofacial herpes was 38.3% (42.1% in women, 32.4% in men). Prevalence in subjects seropositive for HSV1 was 50.3%. This prevalence rate was independent of HSV2 serotype. Prevalence in subjects infected with HSV2 alone was similar to that in subjects seronegative for HSV.Limitations  Lack of case ascertainment limits precision of the data.Conclusions  Clinically manifest orofacial herpes was reported in one third of the sample, principally associated with HSV1 infection. HSV2 infection did not produce orofacial lesions nor influence clinical manifestations of HSV1 infection.
Effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition on short‐ and long‐term plasticity of schaffer collateral/CA1 synapses
Authors: Meighan Peter C. , Meighan Starla E. , Davis Christopher J. , Wright John W. , Harding Joseph W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt is increasingly evident that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc containing extracellular endopeptidases, participate in processes supporting hippocampal synaptic plasticity. The purpose of this study was to further the understanding of MMPs involvement in hippocampal plasticity. Acute hippocampal slices, generated from 20‐ to 30‐day‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats, were subjected to various electrophysiologic stimulatory paradigms to produce either short‐term or long‐term modifications to synaptic efficacy. Slices exposed to broad‐spectrum MMP inhibitor, FN‐439, exhibited impairments in paired‐pulse facilitation, theta‐burst facilitation, and long‐term depression. Additionally, we observed that MMP inhibition impaired both the induction and stability of long‐term potentiation (LTP). Furthermore, evidence indicated that the effect of MMP inhibition on LTP maintenance is dependent upon integrin‐directed adhesion, whereas the effects of MMP inhibition on LTP induction are independent of integrin‐directed adhesion. Together, these data support a generalized role for MMPs in short‐term and long‐term hippocampal plasticity and indicate that MMPs are a necessary facet of integrin‐mediated cell adhesion supporting LTP stabilization.
Hyperammonaemia alters the mechanisms by which metabotropic glutamate receptors in nucleus accumbens modulate motor function
Authors: Cauli Omar , Mlili Nisrin , Rodrigo Regina , Felipo Vicente 
Published: June 2007

AbstractActivation of metabotropic glutamate receptors by injecting (S)3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) in nucleus accumbens (NAcc) increases motor activity by different mechanisms in control rats and in rats with chronic liver failure due to portacaval shunt. In control rats DHPG increases extracellular dopamine in NAcc and induces locomotion by activating the ‘normal’ circuit: NAcc→ventral pallidum→medial‐dorsal thalamus→prefrontal cortex, which is not activated in portacaval shunt rats. In these rats, DHPG activates an ‘alternative’ circuit: NAcc→substantia nigra pars reticulata→ventro‐medial thalamus→prefrontal cortex, which is not activated in control rats. The reasons by which liver failure leads to activation of this ‘alternative’ circuit remain unclear. The aim of this work was to assess whether hyperammonaemia could be responsible for the alterations found in chronic liver failure. We injected DHPG in NAcc of control or hyperammonaemic rats and analysed, byin vivobrain microdialysis, the neurochemical responses of the ‘normal’ and ‘alternative’ circuits. In hyperammonaemic rats DHPG injection in NAcc activates both the ‘normal’ and ‘alternative’ circuits. In hyperammonaemia, activation of the ‘alternative’ circuit and increased motor response following metabotropic glutamate receptors activation in NAcc seem due to an increase in extracellular glutamate which activates AMPA receptors.
Expressed sequence tag‐derived microsatellites for the cool‐water marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus
Authors: PROVAN JIM , BEATTY GEMMA E. , MAGGS CHRISTINE A. , SAVIDGE GRAHAM 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe copepod Calanus finmarchicus is the major contributor to zooplankton biomass in the North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea, but recent studies have shown a 70% decrease in abundance as well as a northward shift in the species’ range. Insights into dispersal capabilities gained from population genetic studies will be crucial in predicting the response of C. finmarchicus communities to climate change and, consequently, we have developed a set of expressed sequence tag‐derived microsatellite markers to allow fine‐scale elucidation of population structuring and dispersal. Ten polymorphic markers displayed between two and 19 alleles, with levels of expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.044 to 0.924.
FORECASTING STOCK INDEX VOLATILITY: COMPARING IMPLIED VOLATILITY AND THE INTRADAY HIGH–LOW PRICE RANGE
Authors: Corrado Charles , Truong Cameron 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe intraday high–low price range offers volatility forecasts similarly efficient to high‐quality implied volatility indexes published by the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) for four stock market indexes: S&P 500, S&P 100, NASDAQ 100, and Dow Jones Industrials. Examination of in‐sample and out‐of‐sample volatility forecasts reveals that neither implied volatility nor intraday high–low range volatility consistently outperforms the other.
THE SLOPE OF THE TERM STRUCTURE OF CREDIT SPREADS: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Bedendo Mascia , Cathcart Lara , El‐Jahel Lina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article we analyze the slope of the term structure of credit spreads. We investigate the explanatory role of interest rate, market, and idiosyncratic equity variables that the recent empirical literature highlights as important determinants of credit spread levels. This study extends the analysis and assesses its effect on credit slopes for a sample of corporate bonds. We find that these factors affect credit spreads at short and long maturities in a significantly different way. A closer inspection of the credit spread slope also reveals that it is a useful indicator of the direction of changes in future short‐term credit spreads. This evidence has important implications for the trading and risk management of portfolios of bonds with different maturities.
Terrorism and Human Rights
Authors: Gearty Conor 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSince the formal invocation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, much global discourse has been shaped by those principles, to the extent that one could without exaggeration describe the period as an ‘age of human rights’. But will and indeed can that survive the perceived danger arising from violent acts of terrorism? Is this now an ‘age of terrorism’– or at least, an ‘age of counter-terrorism’– in which human rights are being accorded a secondary status? This article considers those contentions and also advocates particular roles for those who work in the human rights field.
Profiling Chemokines, Cytokines and Growth Factors in Human Early Pregnancy Decidua By Protein Array
Authors: Engert Sabine , Rieger Lorenz , Kapp Michaela , Becker Jürgen C. , Dietl Johannes , Kämmerer Ulrike 
Published: June 2007

Problem In human decidua, a significant increase of leukocytes including CD56++CD16–uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and CD14+monocytes has been observed with the onset of pregnancy. The mechanisms required for the recruitment of those cells to the uterus are still under debate. Cytokines and chemokines have been suggested as key factors for the regulation of these complex cellular migration and interaction processes.Method of study Investigation of the expression patterns of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in human decidual tissue (7–8 weeks of gestation) was performed by protein array analysis. Isolated decidual leukocytes, i.e. CD56++CD16–uNK, CD14+monocytes as well as cytotrophoblast (CTB) and stromal cells were tested separately.Results This analysis revealed the production of monocyte attracting chemokines (GRO, MCP‐1), angiogenetic substances (EGF, VEGF, Angiogenin) as well as granulocyte activating peptides (ENA‐78, IL‐1β, RANTES, IL‐8) by decidual tissue and its cell subsets.Conclusion The observed pattern supports the role of decidua as a tissue which promotes angiogenesis, attracts monocytes and modulates the function of the latter.
Life-history traits in green toad (Bufo viridis) populations: indicators of habitat quality
Authors: Sinsch Ulrich , Leskovar Christoph , Drobig Anja , König Astrid , Grosse Wolf-Rüdiger 
Published: June 2007

Five life-history traits (age and size at maturity, longevity, potential reproductive life span, age-dependent growth rate) were investigated in four Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768 (= Pseudepidalea viridis (Laurenti, 1768)) populations that inhabited localities at similar altitude (60–100 m above sea level) and latitude (50°N–51°N, Germany), but that differed in habitat quality (i.e., human land use within a radius of 1 km around the breeding site). The age of 374 males and of 127 females collected during the breeding period was estimated using skeletochronology on phalange bones. We tested the hypothesis that sex and habitat quality account for detectable amounts of local variation in life-history traits. Significant sexual size dimorphism was present in all populations. Gender-specific variation in size was mainly accounted for by age, but also to a minor extent by habitat quality. In males, age at maturity varied between 1 and 3 years and was the only life-history trait that was significantly related to the intensity of human land use. In contrast, land-use indices covaried significantly with female longevity (6–15 years) and potential reproductive life span (5–12 years). Our pilot study suggests that, in B. viridis, life-history traits derived from the local age structure may be useful as indicators of habitat quality.
Influence of Cholesterol Screening and Nutritional Counseling in Reducing Cholesterol Levels in Children
Authors: Fitch Jill , Garcia Richard E. , Moodie Douglas S. , Secic Michelle 
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine whether cholesterol screening and nutritional counseling can reduce cholesterol concentrations in populations of otherwise unrecognized hypercholesterolemic children. A large pediatric practice in Parma Heights, Ohio, has conducted cholesterol surveillance of children over 2 years of age since 1986. The importance of cholesterol and other recognized risk factors for the progression of atherosclerosis is discussed with all families, and the American Heart Association's Step-One diet is recommended. The present study examines data from a cohort of 894 children (473 boys, 421 girls) who had cholesterol concentrations above 185 mg/dL (4.79 mmol/L) (the 90th percentile) at baseline and, after counseling, had a repeat measurement an average of 2.2 years later. Their mean ages were 7 years at the first testing and 9.2 years at the second. Children who had cholesterol concentrations above 200 mg/dL (5.18 mmol/L) (the 95th percentile) had lipoprotein profiles done, and if their LDL cholesterol exceeded 130 mg/dL (3.37 mmol/L) (the 95th percentile), they were referred to a nutritionist, and family members were advised to have their blood lipids analyzed. Mean cholesterol concentration for all 894 children over this time period decreased by 9.4% (19.5 mg/dL [0.51 mmol/L]; 95% CI = 17.5 mg/dL [0.45 mmol/L] to 21.5 mg/dL [0.56 mmol/L]; P<0.001). A similar decrease of 8.6% (16.6 mg/dL [0.43 mmol/L]; 95% CI = 14.0 mg/dL [0.36 mmol/L] to 19.3 mg/dL [0.50 mmol/L]; P<0.001) was observed for the 463 children who had initial cholesterol concentrations between 185 and 200 mg/dL (4.79 and 5.18 mmol/L) and who therefore received a less intense intervention. Cholesterol concentrations in groups of otherwise unidentified hypercholesterolemic children can be significantly reduced as a result of cholesterol screening and nutritional counseling in a pediatric practice setting.
Food Analogs
Authors: Wanderstock Jeremiah J. 
Published: June 2007

Food items "tailored" from other than familiar natural sources are being accepted into the American diet at a rapid rate. Many are espe ciall y adaptable to institutional food service. This is particularly true for certain dairy-type products, fruit-flavored drinks, and simulated bacon bits. Meat analogs developed from vege table protein are mainly being utilized as sup plements or extenders in ground meat and as meat substitutes for dietary or religious reasons. The progress made in developing new protein sources holds promise for tomorrow's "hungry planet." Acceptance of such products by Ameri cans, who have relatively plentiful food re sources, provides hope in other parts of the world where people are protein-hungry. Professor Wanderstock based this article on an address he delivered at Stage VI — Exploring Food Systems of the Future, held December 1967 at the School of Hotel Administration, Cor nell University. Professor Wanderstock is widely known for his lectures and writings in many countries. He is co-author (with the late Carl Reitz) of A Guide to the Selection, Combina tion and Cooking of Food, published by Avi Publishing Company in 1965. —Editor
The Push-Button Questionnaire
Authors: Cadotte Ernest R. 
Published: June 2007

Most operators use unreliable measures of customer satisfaction. Suppose a guest is dissatisfied today with a hotel's service: the resulting lost sale will not occur until the next time the guest visits the city—perhaps weeks or months from now Moreover the lost sale may not be reflected in the firm's financial figures for several additional weeks. Several months might pass before management contemplates taking action to correct the problem —and, without an indication of the factors that caused the guest's dissatis faction, management will not know what action to take. It seems clear that retail firms in general require a more accurate means of measuring consumer satisfaction. The recently developed push-button questionnaire appears to meet many managerial and consumer requirements for an effective service-evaluation system.
Excellence at the Top
Authors: Peters Thomas J. 
Published: June 2007

Forget what you've read about Theory X and Theory Y, the managerial grid, and participatory versus authoritarian styles. An analysis of those who hold the reins at our top-performing companies produces a fascinating profile of effective managers. The implications for the hospitality manager: show brute persistence, reward small successes, encourage experimentation, and grant considerable autonomy to managers down the line
What You Should Know About the Wage-Hour Law
Authors: Stefanick Gerald J. 
Published: June 2007

If you were to be audited by the Internal Revenue Service, you'd make sure you were prepared for the audit and that your tax consultant was present. Few hospitality operators take the same precautions for a wage-hour investigation —with damaging re sults. In 1980, food-service employers were assessed $21.9 million in wage underpay ments to 118,000 employees (or almost 18 percent of the $124 million owed by all employers in violation of the wage-hour law). * This article will help you adhere to the wage-hour requirements and prepare for inves tigations -precautions that could save you thousands of dollars