bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of a temperature-sensitive bovine viral diarrhea vaccine strain
Authors: Lobmann M. , Charlier P. , Florent G. , Zygraich N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A naturally occurring strain of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus was chemically treated to produce a genetically stable, temperature-sensitive mutant, designated RIT 4350. The RIT 4350 strain had a restrictive growth temperature of 39.5 C, so that systemic replication or fetal infection was not detected after parenteral administration in cattle. The RIT 4350 strain was tested as a cell culture-adapted vaccine in healthy heifers, immunodepressed calves, and pregnant cows. In a pathogenicity test in 5 healthy heifers, vaccination with 10 times the field dose resulted in seroconversion, but produced no clinical signs of disease or leukopenia.
In a pathogenicity test in immunodepressed calves, 7 test animals were treated with dexamethasone and inoculated with 10 times the field dose. The calves developed mild enteric signs, but virus isolation attempts were negative. Following vaccination, the immunodepressed vaccinated calves were challenge exposed with the Osloss strain of bvd virus; all these vaccinated calves remained healthy. Two of 68 postchallenge serum samples from vaccinated calves were positive for bvd virus, compared with 9 of 20 samples from control calves.
In another pathogenicity test, 7 pregnant cows vaccinated with 4 times the field dose seroconverted, remained clinically healthy, and delivered healthy calves.
Actinomyces hordeovulneris, a canine pathogen that produces L-phase variants spontaneously with coincident calcium deposition
Authors: Buchanan Audria M. , Scott Jamon L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The spontaneous production of cell-wall-deficient filaments and protoplasts by a strain of Actinomyces hordeovulneris (UCD 81-332-9) in 10% sucrose l-form media is reported. Multiple mineral deposits were present within the variants at 48 hours. Electron microscopy revealed that these deposits were amorphous, dense, and at the inner face of the cytoplasmic membrane in wall-less protoplasts and also in filaments which had a thin wall of 10 nm. These cell-wall-deficient variants produced l-form colonies when cultured for an additional 48 hours on 10% sucrose-BYE l-form plates. The colonies were composed of only a few filaments and many vesicles which were negative with Dienes' stain. Silver substitution stains of UCD 81-332-9 cells that had been grown in l-form broth for 5 days revealed heavy calcification of all cells including protoplasts. Gram stains of l-form grown cells revealed the presence of long-beaded, infrequently branched gram-positive filaments similar to those observed in clinical specimens. The formation of cell wall-deficient variants with coincident mineralization is believed to be related to the phenomenon of sulfur granule formation in vivo.
Immune responses and plasma hormone concentrations in cold-exposed, xeranol-implanted calves
Authors: Kelley Keith W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hormonal involvement in the regulation of immune events was studied by exposing calves to cold air (−15 C) for 12 hours or by implanting animals with a growth promotant (xeranol) that is known to affect plasma hormone concentrations. Cold exposure significantly reduced serum IgM concentration by 23%, increased expression of tuberculin reactions to purified protein derivative by 60%, and augmented contact-sensitivity reactions to dinitrofluorobenzene by 31%. There was also a significant increase in plasma cortisol and insulin values and a reduction in growth hormone and prolactin values in cold-exposed calves. The cold-induced increase in contact reactions and plasma insulin was higher in xeranol-implanted calves, but the increase in plasma cortisol concentration caused by cold exposure tended to be reduced by the xeranol treatment. These data demonstrate that cold exposure alters immune reactions of calves and that these changes in immune events are associated with changes in a variety of plasma hormones. These results also indicate that it may be possible to augment immune reactions in vivo by appropriate hormonal modulation.
Susceptibility of Bacteroides from swine abscesses to 13 antibiotics
Authors: Benno Y. , Mitsuoka T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 129 strains of genus Bacteroides, isolated from abscesses in pigs, for 13 different antimicrobial agents were determined by an agar-dilution method under anaerobic conditions. Clindamycin, the most active antibiotic tested, had a median mic of 0.8 μg/ml. Penicillin G, talampicillin, minocycline, chloramphenicol, and cefoxitin also inhibited all isolates at lower concentrations. Some isolates of B pyogenes were susceptible to gentamicin (mic, 0.4 μg/ml), erythromycin (mic, 0.8 μg/ml), cephalexin (mic, 0.8 μg/ml), and cefoxitin (mic, 3.2 μg/ml). Erythromycin, at a concentration of 3.2 μg/ml, was active against 70% of B suis tested, but it was less active against the other Bacteroides species. Some strains tested were resistant to streptomycin and neomycin.
Equine tracheobronchial lavage: Comparison of lavage cytologic and pulmonary histopathologic findings
Authors: Larson Vaughn L. , Busch Robert H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Differential cell counts were done on bronchial lavage specimens from 166 horses. Postmortem gross and histologic examinations were done to determine the pathologic diagnosis of the lungs from these horses. Ninety-two (55%) were normal, 18 (11%) had interstitial pneumonia, 13 (8%) had bronchopneumonia, 13 (8%) had focal eosinophilia, 11 (7%) had diffuse eosinophilia, 11 (7%) had chronic bronchitis, and 8 (5%) had suppurative bronchitis. Little relationship was found between cellular features of the lavage specimens and the pathologic status of the lungs of individual horses.
Neutrophil function in the dog: Shape change and response to a synthetic tripeptide
Authors: Stickle Julia E. , Kwan David Kam-Hung , Smith C. Wayne 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Isolated dog neutrophils exposed to known chemotactic factors assumed a bipolar configuration in suspension. This response was initiated within 2 minutes with a gradual return to spherical shape. The rate of return to sphere was positively correlated with the dose of stimulant. Dog neutrophils exposed to N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp) did not adapt to bipolar conformation and did not bind radiolabeled fmlp. These findings are consistent with other species (pig and cow) that also did not respond to fmlp.
Efficacy of a combined paste formulation of praziquantel/febantel against immature Echinococcus granulosus and immature Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: Andersen Ferron L. , Short Jeffery A. , McCurdy H. Dennis 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A combined paste formulation of praziquantel (1 mg/kg of body wt)/febantel (10 mg/kg) given for 3 consecutive days gave 100% clearance of immature Echinococcus granulosus and E multilocularis in experimentally infected dogs. The formulation was extremely convenient to administer. Adverse reactions were not noted in the treated animals.
Enhancement of lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function by avridine in dexamethasone-treated and nontreated cattle
Authors: Roth James A. , Kaeberle Merlin L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The lipoidal amine, N, N-dioctadecyl-N′, N′-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) propanediamine (avridine or CP 20,961), formulated in liposomes, was evaluated for its effect on leukocyte kinetics, lymphocyte blastogenesis, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) function in dexamethasone-treated and nontreated cattle. In the 1st experiment, cattle were given avridine in a single im injection of 0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg/kg of body weight. All doses induced swelling at the injection site, a febrile response, and a leukocytosis due to a neutrophilia. Mononuclear cell numbers were normal. All 3 groups of avridine-treated animals had a higher mean lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens on the 4 days after administration than did the control nontreated animals. Avridine administration was associated with an enhanced ability of pmn to ingest Staphylococcus aureus and to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc). The highest dose (10 mg/kg) was associated with a depression of the ability of pmn to iodinate protein. An effect of avridine on pmn random migration under agarose or nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) reduction was not observed.
In a 2nd experiment, cattle were given no treatment, 0.04 mg of dexamethasone/kg im, or 10 mg of avridine/kg im followed 24 hours later by 0.04 mg of dexamethasone/kg. Dexamethasone administration caused a leukocytosis due to a neutrophilia with normal mononuclear cell numbers, an enhancement of pmn random migration under agarose, and an inhibition of nbt reduction, iodination, and adcc activity of pmn. Dexamethasone did not have a detectable effect on lymphocyte blastogenesis or on ingestion of S aureus by pmn. Cattle that were given dexamethasone 24 hours after avridine had a prolonged leukocytosis due to a neutrophilia, which was gradually replaced by a marked increase in mononuclear cell numbers. An increase in mononuclear cells was not observed with either drug alone, Dexamethasone administration did not prevent the enhancement of lymphocyte blastogenesis or prevent pmn S aureus ingestion induced by avridine. Administration of avridine 24 hours before dexamethasone prevented the effects of dexamethasone on pmn random migration, nbt reduction, and adcc activity. Avridine did not prevent the dexamethasone-induced depression of pmn iodination.
Vasculitis associated with ovine progressive pneumonia virus infection in sheep
Authors: Cutlip Randall C. , Lehmkuhl Howard D. , Brogden Kim A. , McClurkin Arlan W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Vasculitis, involving small muscular arteries and arterioles, was found in 5 of 18 sheep naturally infected with ovine progressive pneumonia (opp) virus and in 5 of 11 sheep experimentally infected with opp virus. In order of frequency, arterial lesions were seen in carpal joint capsules, kidneys, meninges, brains, lungs, and tracheas. The lesions were intramural edema and hemorrhage, mononuclear cell infiltration, fibrinoid necrosis of media, and thrombosis. The vascular lesions were frequently associated with interstitial pneumonitis, arthritis, and encephalitis also induced by opp virus.
Cellular and lipopolysaccharide subunit requirements for the caprine lymphoblastogenic response to endotoxin
Authors: Greenlee Anne , Banks Keith L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Caprine B lymphocytes were established as the cell type that divided when cultured with lipopolysaccharide (lps), and lipid A was defined as the in vitro mitogenic component of lps. The conclusion that the caprine B lymphocyte was stimulated by lps was based on 3 observations: (i)Numbers of B lymphocytes increased in cultures containing lps, but not in unstimulated or concanavalin A-stimulated cultures, (ii) mixtures of T lymphocytes and monocytes did not incorporate tritiated thymidine when lps was added, and (iii) removal of monocytes from mixtures of T and B lymphocytes did not reduce the lps-stimulated reaction. Stimulation of B lymphocytes by lps occurred when < 1% monocytes were present and was augmented by > 5% monocytes. The lipid A subunit of lps was most likely responsible for mitogenesis, since purified lipid A stimulated lymphocytes and the addition of polymyxin B, a specific inhibitor of lipid A activity, blocked the lymphocyte reaction.
Evaluation of Key's hypothesis in the feline tibia: An experimental model for augmented bone healing studies
Authors: Toombs James P. , Wallace Larry J. , Bjorling Dale E. , Rowland George N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Key's hypothesis states that a segmental long bone defect 1.5 times the diaphyseal diameter exceeds the regenerative capacity of bone in skeletally mature dogs and results in nonunion. This hypothesis was evaluated in 5 adult cats with rigidly fixated segmental tibial ostectomies ranging from 1.25 to 1.52 times the diaphyseal diameter. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic data were obtained over a 12-week period. Healing was classified as mature bony union, clinical union, delayed union, or nonunion.
Absence of a consolidating callus and instability after removal of fixation devices was found for all cats at 12 weeks. Scant formation of new bone within the gap was histologically evident for only 1 cat. In the remaining 4 cats, fibrous tissue and striated muscle predominated within the gap, and independent healing of the proximal and distal cut ends of the bone were observed. The occurrence of 4 nonunions and 1 equivocally delayed union indicated that Key's hypothesis overestimates the regenerative capacity of bone in the cat. Failure of this experimental model to produce clinical union within 12 weeks demonstrated that this model is a valid method of investigating augmented bone healing techniques that promote union within this period in the cat.
Release of immunosuppressive substances from tissue culture cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Markham R. J. F. , Ramnaraine M. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine fetal lung tissue culture cells were infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. The cells released substances into the supernatant fluid that suppressed the proliferative response of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells which had been stimulated with concanavalin A. Activity could be found in low molecular weight fractions (≤ 2,000 daltons). During the assay, these fractions were required to inhibit the response of leukocytes to concanavalin A. Addition of indomethacin to the infected tissue culture cells inhibited generation of immunosuppressive supernatants; addition of indomethacin to the suppressive supernatants did not block their activity. The possible involvement of prostaglandins in this immunosuppressive activity is discussed.
Nucleotide sequences of the genes for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin I of bovine, avian, and porcine origins
Authors: Sekizaki Tsutomu , Akashi Hiroomi , Terakado Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The nucleotide sequences of cloned Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin 1 (STI) genes isolated from bovine, avian, and porcine origins were determined. They were found to be almost identical to that of Tn1681. The nucleotide sequences were completely preserved in bovine and avian genes, whereas the porcine gene had different sequences at 3 positions in the external region of STI structural genes, as compared with Tn1681. The amino acid sequences of the STI genes of the 3 animal origins corresponded to STIa, which had initially been found in a bovine strain.
Plasma and serum concentrations of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone in racing Thoroughbreds 24 hours after treatment with various dosage regimens
Authors: Soma L. R. , Sams R. , Duer W. , Tobin T. , Woodward C. , McDonald J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The plasma and serum concentrations of phenylbutazone (pbz) and oxyphenbutazone were measured in 158 Thoroughbred horses after various doses of pbz were given. All horses were competing or training at racetracks in various parts of the country. All horses used in the study had not been given pbz 24 hours before they were placed on a specific dosage schedule. Samples were collected 24 hours after the last pbz administration. Four grams of pbz were given daily by stomach tube, paste, or tablet for 3 days. On day 4, 24 hours before sample collection, an iv dose of 2 g of pbz was given, regardless of the dose and method of administration. The 24-hour pbz plasma concentrations were 3.51, 6.13, and 6.40 μg/ml, respectively. After 2 g of pbz was administered iv daily for 4 days, the plasma pbz concentration was 4.16 g/ml; after a single 2-g iv administration, the serum concentration was 0.87 g/ml. Concentrations of oxyphenbutazone were 3.35 (stomach tube), 4.29 (paste), 3.60 (tablet), 3.65 (4-day iv), and 1.11 g/ml (single iv). A significant relationship was not found between the serum and the urinary concentrations at this 24-hour measurement. Split samples sent to various laboratories confirmed the stability of high-performance liquid chromatography as a method of analysis.
Propionate loading test for liver function during experimental liver necrosis in sheep
Authors: Gröhn Y. , Bruss M. L. , Lindberg L.-A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The first objective of this work was to study the conversion of propionate to glucose by liver of the sheep during experimentally induced liver necrosis. An additional objective was to determine the most appropriate sampling time after a propionate load has been given to use glucose concentration as an aid in the diagnosis of disturbed liver function. Sodium propionate (3 mmol/kg) was injected iv into 6 healthy sheep before and after they were given carbon tetrachloride (20% CCl4 in mineral oil; 0.25 ml of CCl4/kg, orally). To differentiate the effects of liver necrosis from the effects of decrease in food intake after CCl4 administration, 5 sheep which were fasted for 2 days, but not given CCl4, were studied.
Microscopically, liver necrosis was observed, as well as an increase of fatty infiltration in nonnecrotic liver tissue. After sheep were given CCl4, the plasma liver-specific enzyme activities (namely, those of iditol dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyl-transferase) were elevated. Microscopic and enzymatic changes were not observed in fasted animals. Serum sulfobromophthalein (bsp) half-life (t½) was markedly increased in the sheep given CCl4 treatment (t½ = 22.8 ± 11 minutes) when compared with the t½ before treatment (t½ = 2.5 ± 0.2 minutes). The bsp t½ did not differ between fed and fasted sheep. The t½ of the iv propionate load increased significantly, from 6.9 ± 0.4 minutes in the control sheep to 12.8 ± 2 minutes in the CCl4-treated sheep, whereas an insignificant increase was seen after fasting (6.8 ± 1 minutes to 8.3 ± 1 minutes). Changes in plasma glucose concentrations subsequent to propionate loading differed significantly before and after CCI4 treatment. Two days' fasting did not have a significant effect on change in glucose concentration after propionate loading when compared with the response before fasting.
Glucose concentration after propionate loading served as a good indicator of liver function. Changes in glucose concentration of < 2 mM at 7 minutes after propionate loading indicated disturbance of liver function in sheep.
Effects of atropine, acepromazine, meperidine, and xylazine on gastroesophageal sphincter pressure in the dog
Authors: Strombeck Donald R. , Harrold Doris 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gastroesophageal sphincter (ges) pressure was 47.9 ± 1.2 mm of Hg in nontreated dogs. Treatment with atropine, acepromazine, and xylazine reduced ges pressure to 13.2 ± 2.03, 18.6 ± 2.14, and 11.7 ± 1.19 mm of Hg, respectively. Treatment with meperidine resulted in phasic contractions with minimum and maximum pressures of 27.9 ± 4.55 and 98.9 ± 9.16 mm of Hg, respectively. Drugs used in anesthetic procedures can reduce ges pressure in dogs.
Diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infection in beef calves by plasma enzyme analysis
Authors: Wyckoff J. H. , Bradley R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma analysis for albumin, total bilirubin, and total protein values and aspartate aminotransferase (ast), arginase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) activities was H used for the early and quantitative diagnosis of experimental Fasciola hepatica infections in beef calves. Calves were infected on 3 occasions with 1,000 (n = 5), 100 (n = 5), or 10 (n = 4) metacercariae for a total infective dose of 3,000, 300, or 30, respectively. Albendazole (l5 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to 7 infected calves on postinfection (initial) week (piw) 13. All calves were euthanatized and necropsied on piw 16 for the determination of fluke infections.
Plasma constituents were determined weekly. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in ast activity occurred as early as piw 4 and ggt activity at piw 9, as compared with that in noninfected controls. Fluke burden-related differences were observed in ggt activity from piw 9 onward. Increases in ast activity reflected parenchymal liver damage, whereas increases in ggt reflected hepatobiliary damage; therefore, differentiation could be made between the migratory and ductal phases of the infection. There was no correlation between arginase activity and fluke infection.
As compared with fecal examination results, plasma enzyme analysis gave an earlier and semiquantitative indication of F hepatica infection in experimentally infected calves. Although increases in these plasma constituents were not definitely diagnostic of fascioliasis, useful information on the size of the fluke burden and progress of the disease process could be obtained by these methods. Plasma enzyme analyses of ast and ggt were not indicative of chemotherapeutic success or failure when calves with mature F hepatica (14 weeks old) infections were treated.
Development of an indirect fluorescent antibody test, using microfluorometry as a diagnostic test for bovine anaplasmosis
Authors: Goff W. L. , Johnson W. C. , Kuttler K. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The indirect fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was modified for use with microfluorometry. The test was standardized by use of a fluorometer that measures intensity of fluorescence. Standardization included A marginale-infected blood smears on microscope slides as antigen, serum from an inoculated calf as a positive control containing specific antibody, and an affinity-purified fluorescein-conjugated anti-bovine immunoglobulin as 2nd antibody.
The modified test and microfluorometry allowed for titration of sera from A marginale (Florida isolate)- inoculated cattle with a degree of accuracy exceeding visual determinations. In addition, the fluorometric test was more sensitive than the complement fixation or card agglutination tests in identifying cattle that had previous Anaplasma infections.
Failure of superoxide dismutase to alter equine arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, in vitro or ex vivo
Authors: Clemmons R. M. , Lee M. R. Dorsey , Bliss E. L. , Asbury A. C. , Cook D. , Brown V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Superoxide dismutase (sod), a free radical scavenger with anti-inflammatory activity, was administered im to horses. Ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to arachidonic acid was monitored to determine whether exogenous sod altered equine platelet prostaglandin metabolism. Preparations of platelet-rich plasma obtained before sod administration were incubated with different concentrations of sod and were aggregated with arachidonic acid. Superoxide dismutase did not exert a demonstrable effect, either ex vivo or in vitro. Aspirin abolished arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. This indicates that sod (in the resting state) does not exert an effect on platelet-derived free radicals that could alter the arachidonic acid pathway of equine platelets, that equine platelets do not release free radicals, or that equine platelets are insensitive to the products formed from free radicals by sod.
Pathologic changes caused by transplacental infection with an adenovirus-like agent in pigs
Authors: Narita Minoru , Imada Tadao , Fukusho Akio 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five hysterectomy-derived colostrum-deprived pigs housed in individual cages with positive ventilation developed severe skin cyanosis and edema of the subcutaneous tissues in the submandibular, thoracic, and abdominal regions. The 5 pigs were killed 7 to 10 days after birth. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in endothelial cells of capillary and small blood vessels throughout the body. Ultrastructurally, nuclei of these affected endothelial cells contained small crystalline arrays of virus particles, which were considered to belong to the adenovirus-like group from their size and structure. The present results indicated that the porcine adenovirus-like agent might also have the ability to produce transplacental infection.