bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of AKT1 haplotype with the risk of schizophrenia in Iranian population
Authors: Bajestan Sepideh N. , Sabouri Amir H. , Nakamura Masayuki , Takashima Hiroshi , Keikhaee Mohammad R. , Behdani Fatemeh , Fayyazi Mohammad R. , Sargolzaee Mohammad R. , Bajestan Mahboobeh N. , Sabouri Zahra , Khayami Esmaeil , Haghighi Sima , Hashemi Susan B. , Eiraku Nobutaka , Tufani Hamid , Najmabadi Hossein , Arimura Kimiyoshi , Sano Akira , Osame Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAKT‐glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling is a target of lithium and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders and schizophrenia. AKT1 protein level is decreased in the peripheral lymphocytes and brains of schizophrenic patients. The SNP2/3/4 TCG haplotype of AKT1 was associated with schizophrenia in patients with Northern European origin. In the present study, we genotyped five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP1–5) of AKT1 gene according to the original study in Iranians comprising of 321 schizophrenic patients and 383 controls, all residing in Mashhad city, Northeastern Iran. Haplotype analysis showed that the frequency of a five‐SNP haplotype (AGCAG) was significantly higher in schizophrenic patients (0.068) than that of controls (0.034) (P = 0.03 after Bonferroni correction, OR = 2.04, CI = 1.2–3.4). In stratified analysis by schizophrenia subtypes, the frequency of the same haplotype was significantly higher in disorganized subtype (n = 78, frequency of haplotype=0.081) when compared with normal controls (P = 0.04 after Bonferroni correction, OR = 2.59, CI = 1.3–5.2). Our findings did not confirm the association of AKT1 SNP2/3/4 TCG haplotype with the risk of schizophrenia as reported in the original study but showed the evidence of association with a different haplotype, AKT1 five‐SNP AGCAG haplotype, with the risk of schizophrenia in Iranian population. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A family‐based study of Indian subjects from Kolkata reveals allelic association of the serotonin transporter intron‐2 (STin2) polymorphism and attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Banerjee Emili , Sinha Swagata , Chatterjee Anindita , Gangopadhyay Prasanta Kumar , Singh Manoranjan , Nandagopal Krishnadas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSerotonin transporter (SLC6A4) polymorphisms are variously implicated in mediating susceptibility to attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a highly heritable and heterogeneous disorder with onset in childhood. Since there has been no survey in this regard from India, a sample of 56 ADHD cases and 174 healthy individuals from Kolkata were genotyped for the SLC6A4 promoter (5‐HTTLPR) and intron‐2 (STin2) polymorphisms. We report that the observed distribution of allele frequencies is consonant with that expected as per Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium proportions. Pair‐wise combination of alleles comprising the 5‐HTTLPR and STin2 polymorphic systems exhibit significant (χ2 = 14.74, df = 1; P = 0.0001) linkage disequilibrium of low magnitude (D' = 0.269). The estimates of haplotype‐based haplotype relative risk (HHRR) (χ2 = 4.92, P = 0.027; RR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.01–2.13) and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) statistics (χ2 = 7.00, P = 0.008; OR = 3.00; 95% CI = 1.53–5.90) using a family‐based study design, indicate significant preferential transmission of the STin2.12 (A12) allele to ADHD cases. Maternal inheritance of the A12 allele is significant in terms of the HHRR (χ2 = 6.53, P = 0.011; RR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.08–3.72) and TDT (χ2 = 8.07, P = 0.005; OR = 6.50; 95% CI = 1.76–23.98) suggesting a novel role for epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology of ADHD. Similar analyses yielded no evidence of association between the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism and ADHD. Studies including additional polymorphic markers, ADHD subjects and other ethnic groups are warranted to further substantiate the present findings. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preliminary evidence for an association between a dopamine D3 receptor gene variant and obsessive‐compulsive personality disorder in patients with major depression
Authors: Light Katrina J. , Joyce Peter R. , Luty Suzanne E. , Mulder Roger T. , Frampton Christropher M.A. , Joyce Laura R.M. , Miller Allison L. , Kennedy Martin A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have previously reported that the Ser9Gly dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) polymorphism was associated with increased rates of obsessive‐compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) symptomology. We tested the replicability of this association within a further two independent groups of individuals with a history of depression, from a clinical sample (n = 149) and a family study (n = 213). The data from the replication samples and the original sample, within which the association was found, were compiled within a meta‐analysis. Although the independent samples did not replicate the original finding, the meta‐analysis elucidated significant evidence supporting the association. An individual with Gly/Gly genotype is 2.4 (P = 0.017) times more likely to be diagnosed with OCPD. Male gender was also found to be a significant predictor of OCPD diagnosis (OR = 2.82, P = 0.001). An exploration of an association of DRD3 with Axis I anxiety disorder diagnoses and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) traits, in particular persistence, revealed no support for an association. We conclude that DRD3 may contribute to the development of OCPD. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Weight gain associated with the α2a‐adrenergic receptor −1291 C/G polymorphism and olanzapine treatment
Authors: Park Young‐Min , Chung Young‐Cho , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Lee Kang‐Joon , Kim Hyun , Byun Young‐Chan , Lim Se‐Won , Paik Jong‐Woo , Lee Heon‐Jeong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWeight gain can be an adverse effect of antipsychotics and is an important factor for long‐term health and treatment compliance. Many reports have shown that the α2‐adrenergic receptor may be related to eating behaviors or lipolytic activities, both associated with body weight change. We hypothesized that there might be a relationship between the α2a‐adrenergic receptor −1291 C/G polymorphism and olanzapine‐induced weight gain. A group of 62 Korean schizophrenic patients participated in a study; weight and height measurements were obtained prior to starting olanzapine and measured again after long‐term treatment. Genotyping for the −1291 C/G polymorphism was performed on all participants. Body weight changes from baseline to endpoint were significantly associated with genotypes (P = 0.028). The frequency of the G allele was significantly higher in subjects who had severe weight gain (defined as a more than 10% weight gain from baseline) compared to subjects who did not have extreme weight gain (less than 10% weight gain from baseline) (X2 = 6.120, P = 0.013; OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.21–5.51). Therefore, the findings from this study support a relationship between the −1291 C/G polymorphism of the α2a‐adrenergic receptor and weight gain in Korean schizophrenic patients receiving olanzapine treatment. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Haplotype analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in VEGF gene for vascular dementia
Authors: Kim Younyoung , Nam Yu Jin , Lee Chaeyoung 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA case‐control study was performed to identify single nucleotide variants of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene associated with vascular dementia. Seven SNPs in promoter, 5′‐UTR, 3′‐UTR, and introns of VEGF gene were identified in 24 Koreans. Three of them, −1154G/A, −7C/T, and 13553C/T, were selected based on allele frequency and linkage disequilibrium (LD), and genotyped in 207 vascular dementia patients and 207 control subjects. Significant association with vascular dementia was not shown (P > 0.05) in the alleles and genotypes of single locus. Subsequent analysis of composing VEGF risk haplotypes associated with vascular dementia was performed with maximum likelihood estimates of their possible haplotypes employing the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm. Of three‐locus haplotypes, only GTC was significantly associated with vascular dementia, conferring a risk of 1.87 (P < 0.05). Of two‐locus haplotypes, the risk was observed with the nested forms of the risk haplotype GTC, that is, GT at the loci −1154G/A and −7C/T and TC at the loci −7C/T and 13553C/T (P < 0.05). Our findings suggested some interaction among −1154G/A, −7C/T, and 13553C/T variants in the determination of risk for vascular dementia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is there an alternative to the full‐leg radiograph for determining knee joint alignment in osteoarthritis?
Authors: Hinman Rana S. , May Rachel L. , Crossley Kay M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the concurrent validity of alternative measures of frontal plane knee alignment, namely the radiographic anatomic axis and 5 clinical measures, in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) as compared with the mechanical axis on radiograph.MethodsForty individuals (mean ± SD age 64.7 ± 9.4 years) with symptomatic medial knee OA participated. Knee alignment was measured according to the following methods: lower‐limb mechanical axis on radiograph, lower‐limb anatomic axis on radiograph, visual observation, distance between medial knee joint lines or medial malleoli using a calliper, distance between a plumb line and medial knee joint line or malleolus using a calliper, tibial alignment using a gravity inclinometer, and lower‐limb alignment using a goniometer. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient or Spearman's rho correlation coefficient and simple linear regression.ResultsThe anatomic axis best correlated with the mechanical axis (r = 0.88), followed closely by the inclinometer method (r = 0.80). Other clinical measures of alignment that were significantly associated with the mechanical axis were the calliper method, the plumb‐line method, and visual observation (r = 0.76, 0.71, and −0.52, respectively). However, the goniometer method failed to correlate.ConclusionThe anatomic axis on radiograph and the inclinometer method appear to be valid alternatives to the mechanical axis on full‐leg radiograph for determining frontal plane knee alignment in medial knee OA. These alternative methods of measuring knee alignment may increase the assessment of this parameter by clinicians and researchers alike, given that malalignment is an important indicator of disease progression and treatment outcome.
Different patterns of illness‐related interaction in couples coping with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mann Cindy , Dieppe Paul 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo learn more about the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on couples' relationships and how couples manage the illness within their dyad.MethodsEight women with RA (ages 31–60 years) and their partners, and 4 men with RA (ages 43–75 years) and their partners were recruited from the rheumatology case load of a hospital in the UK. Interpretative phenomenologic analysis was used for data collection and analysis. During semistructured interviews, couples were asked about the effect of RA on their lives and relationship.ResultsThis study found clear differences in the way couples managed the illness of one partner and in the nature of their illness‐related interactions. Based on these differences, the couples were allocated to 1 of 3 groups: the shared illness management group (SIM), the ill partner in charge group (IPIC), or the conflict over management group (COM). In the SIM group, both partners attended appointments and shared decisions about illness management. In the IPIC group, the ill person claimed and was conceded the right to make autonomous decisions about illness management. In the COM group, the well partner was dissatisfied with the way the ill person was managing the illness, and conflict resulted.ConclusionHeterogeneity exists in the intradyad management of RA. Identifying each couple's style of illness management could make medical consultations and education programs more responsive to the needs and preferences of patients and their partners. Dissatisfaction of either partner with illness management and resulting conflict could be addressed, with benefits for both partners and possible improvement in disease management.
Extent of occupational hand use among persons with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Allaire Saralynn , Wolfe Frederick , Niu Jingbo , Baker Nancy , Michaud Kaleb , Lavalley Michael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveOccupational hand use is increasing due to increased computer use and could place persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at risk for work disability. Although hand involvement in RA is typical, there is little information about occupational hand use in relation to RA. Study objectives were to describe the extent of occupational hand use by persons with RA; the types of jobs that require extensive hand use; the relationship between occupational hand use and joint pain; and the extent of occupational hand use among persons with shorter versus longer disease duration.MethodsCross‐sectional survey data from 2,761 employed participants with RA from a US national cohort were used. Extent of occupational hand use was measured by the hand‐use item from a job physical demand scale used in prior RA studies. Analyses included descriptive statistics and chi‐square tests.ResultsThe mean age was 50.6 years, 78.5% were women, 91.8% were white, and 68.8% had more than a high school education. Eighty‐three percent of participants reported extensive occupational hand use. Large portions of participants in all types of jobs reported extensive hand use, 92% with administrative support jobs and 69% with operator/laborer jobs. Participants with extensive occupational hand use were more likely to have hand joint pain than those with moderate hand use (66% versus 58%; P = 0.004). Extensive hand use did not vary by disease duration (83% and 84% in participants with ≤15 and >15 years' duration, respectively).ConclusionExtensive occupational hand use was ubiquitous among employed persons with RA and was associated with greater hand pain.
Quality of osteoarthritis care for community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Ganz David A. , Chang John T. , Roth Carol P. , Guan Min , Kamberg Caren J. , Niu Fang , Reuben David B. , Shekelle Paul G. , Wenger Neil S. , Maclean Catherine H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the quality of osteoarthritis care provided to community‐dwelling elderly patients and to characterize arthritis‐related function in these patients.MethodsTwo medical groups in the western United States participated in a practice‐redesign intervention targeted at falls and mobility disorders, incontinence, and cognitive impairment, but not osteoarthritis. From 339 individuals reporting a diagnosis of arthritis, we collected information on demographics, functional status, and quality of care via patient interviews and mailed questionnaires. Eight quality indicators measured osteoarthritis care: 4 indicators measuring the provision of effective osteoarthritis care (osteoarthritis treatment indicators) and 4 measuring the provision of safe osteoarthritis care (medication safety indicators).ResultsThe mean ± SD Short Form 12 physical component summary score was 35 ± 11 points, indicating a physically frail population. The overall indicator pass rate was 57.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 53.9–60.2). Pass rates were higher for indicators of osteoarthritis treatment (63.5%, 95% CI 59.8–67.2) than for indicators of medication safety (43.8%, 95% CI 38.2–49.4). Patients with hip or knee pain had mean ± SD Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain, stiffness, and function scores of 6.0 ± 4.0, 3.1 ± 1.7, and 25 ± 12 points, respectively.ConclusionQuality of osteoarthritis care for older adults is suboptimal, particularly with regard to medication safety. Given the high prevalence of osteoarthritis in older age groups, the population impact of any improvement in quality would be substantial. Quality improvement efforts for osteoarthritis should target appropriate use of and counseling regarding medications, as well as underuse of efficacious therapy for osteoarthritis.
Health‐related quality of life in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Shaw K. L. , Southwood T. R. , Duffy C. M. , McDonagh J. E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to examine the usefulness of the Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ) in a UK context. It was hypothesized that HRQOL would decrease with worsening disease and disability.MethodsPatients with JIA ages 11, 14, and 17 years were recruited from 10 major rheumatology centers. HRQOL was measured using the JAQQ. Other data were core outcome variables including the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, demographic characteristics, arthritis‐related knowledge, and satisfaction with health care.ResultsQuestionnaires were completed by 308 adolescents. One‐fifth had persistent oligoarthritis. Median disease duration was 5.7 years (range <1–16 years). The JAQQ was shown to have good psychometric properties when used in the UK, but was not without limitations. HRQOL of adolescents with JIA was less than optimal, particularly in the domains of gross motor and systemic functioning. Items most frequently rated as adolescents' biggest psychological problems were “felt frustrated” and “felt depressed,” rated by 30.2% and 23.4%, respectively. These were particularly problematic for the 17‐year‐olds, with 39% reporting frustration as one of their biggest problems and 63.6% reporting depression. Variation in the adolescent JAQQ scores was explained by functional disability, pain, and disease activity.ConclusionJIA can have a significant adverse effect on the HRQOL of adolescents. The JAQQ is a useful tool to assess the HRQOL of UK adolescents with JIA, but there is need for improved measures that incorporate developmentally appropriate issues.
How “bad” does the pain have to be? A qualitative study examining adherence to pain medication in older adults with osteoarthritis
Authors: Sale Joanna E. M. , Gignac Monique , Hawker Gillian 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the experience of adherence to pain medication in older adults with osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsIndividuals were recruited from an existing cohort (n = 1,300) of persons with disabling hip and knee OA. Twenty‐seven individuals who reported previous physician visits for their arthritis, spoke English, were Toronto residents, and were receptive to in‐depth interviews were approached by the cohort telephone interviewer to discuss their experiences with prescribed painkillers for OA. Semistructured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted by a qualitative researcher in participants' homes.ResultsNineteen adults (10 women, 9 men) ages 67–92 years were interviewed for 1–3 hours. Participants varied in their socioeconomic status and education levels. Most had comorbidities, such as heart disease and diabetes, for which they were also being treated. Findings indicated that adherence to pain medication differed from that of other prescribed medications. Participants were reluctant to take painkillers, and when they did, they generally took them at a lower dose or frequency than prescribed. This behavior did not reflect their recommendations for others, who they expected to be treated appropriately for pain and to adhere to pain medication. Perceptions and attitudes to pain played an integral role in participants' adherence to painkillers. Despite obvious physical limitations, participants minimized their pain and claimed to have a high pain tolerance.ConclusionThese findings suggest that reevaluation of the prescription of pain medication for OA is warranted and that the effectiveness of pain management in OA needs to account for adherence behavior in older adults.
Childbearing decisions and family size among women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Katz Patricia P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate childbearing trends relative to age and stage of family development and to report on childbearing decisions among women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsInformation about childbearing history and decisions was collected through structured telephone interviews with an existing cohort of married women with RA (n = 411), and was examined according to women's age at RA diagnosis and when RA was diagnosed relative to when children were born.ResultsAlmost all women (91.2%) reported at least 1 pregnancy; the majority (85.4%) reported at least 1 live birth. The odds of any pregnancy or a live birth were not significantly different according to age at diagnosis; however, women diagnosed at age ≤18 had fewer pregnancies and fewer children. Similarly, women diagnosed with RA prior to the birth of their first child had the fewest pregnancies and children. Few women (8%) reported being advised to limit family size, although ∼20% reported that RA had affected their childbearing decisions. Being advised to limit family size was associated with fewer pregnancies and fewer children (P < 0.0001). Consideration of RA in childbearing decisions was more common among women diagnosed with RA at an early age. Women who reported that RA affected childbearing decisions were not less likely to have any pregnancy or any children, but had significantly fewer pregnancies and children.ConclusionLower birth rates among women with RA may at least in part reflect choices by women to limit family sizes. Future research into the link between RA and fertility should take women's childbearing choices into account.
Catastrophizing and pain in arthritis, fibromyalgia, and other rheumatic diseases
Authors: Edwards Robert R. , Bingham Clifton O. , Bathon Joan , Haythornthwaite Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectivePain is among the most frequently reported, bothersome, and disabling symptoms described by patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, and other musculoskeletal conditions. This review describes a growing body of literature relating catastrophizing, a set of cognitive and emotional processes encompassing magnification of pain‐related stimuli, feelings of helplessness, and a generally pessimistic orientation, to the experience of pain and pain‐related sequelae across several rheumatic diseases.MethodsWe reviewed published articles in which pain‐related catastrophizing was assessed in the context of one or more rheumatic conditions. Because much of the available information on catastrophizing is derived from the more general chronic pain literature, seminal studies in other disease states were also considered.ResultsCatastrophizing is positively related, in both cross‐sectional and prospective studies across different musculoskeletal conditions, to the reported severity of pain, affective distress, muscle and joint tenderness, pain‐related disability, poor outcomes of pain treatment, and, potentially, to inflammatory disease activity. Moreover, these associations generally persist after controlling for symptoms of depression. There appear to be multiple mechanisms by which catastrophizing exerts its harmful effects, from maladaptive influences on the social environment to direct amplification of the central nervous system's processing of pain.ConclusionCatastrophizing is a critically important variable in understanding the experience of pain in rheumatologic disorders as well as other chronic pain conditions. Pain‐related catastrophizing may be an important target for both psychosocial and pharmacologic treatment of pain.