bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using component metadata to regression test component‐based software
Authors: Orso Alessandro , Do Hyunsook , Rothermel Gregg , Harrold Mary Jean , Rosenblum David S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIncreasingly, modern‐day software systems are being built by combining externally‐developed software components with application‐specific code. For such systems, existing program‐analysis‐based software engineering techniques may not directly apply, due to lack of information about components. To address this problem, the use of component metadata has been proposed. Component metadata are metadata and metamethods provided with components, that retrieve or calculate information about those components. In particular, two component‐metadata‐based approaches for regression test selection are described: one using code‐based component metadata and the other using specification‐based component metadata. The results of empirical studies that illustrate the potential of these techniques to provide savings in re‐testing effort are provided. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating techniques and tools for testing automation
Authors: Polo Macario , Tendero Sergio , Piattini Mario 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis article presents two tools to generate test cases, one for Java programs and one for .NET programs, as well as a structured testing process whereby such tools can be used in order to help in process automation. The main innovation in this work is the joint use of diverse techniques and technologies, which have been separately applied to test automation: reflection to extract the class structure; regular expressions to describe test templates and test cases; JUnit and NUnit as test case execution frameworks; mutation and MuJava as test case quality measurers; serialization to deal with the parameters of complex data types; and once more, reflection, to facilitate the test engineer in the task of writing the oracle. Finally, the article presents an experiment carried out to validate the work. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Further observations in a case of uridine diphosphate galactose‐4‐epimerase deficiency with a severe clinical presentation
Authors: Henderson M. J. , Holton J. B. , MacFaul R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe red‐cell concentrations of galactose‐1‐phosphate and uridine diphosphate galactose have been studied in relation to dietary galactose in a case of uridine diphosphate galactose‐4‐epimerase deficiency (McK usick 23035). Uridine diphosphate galactose accumulates rapidly in response to very small amounts of galactose but the concentration of galactose‐1‐phosphate increases proportionately to galactose intake. The significance of the observation is discussed with respect to the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease.
The management of rhabdomyosarcoma in children and young adults
Authors: Hays Daniel M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSurvival rates among children with rhabdomyosarcoma have increased from approximately 20% to 70% during the past 15 years, and this improvement appears to be progressive. The major factor in this remarkable development has been the increasing effectiveness of multiple‐agent, long‐range chemotherapy regimens in (a) destroying micrometastasis, (b) controlling residual tumor at the sites of local excision, and (c) eliminating established metastatic tumor foci. Improved radiation therapy techniques and operative surgical procedures have been coordinated with this chemotherapeutic approach, largely in an adaptive fashion, resulting in multimodality therapy programs of increasing effectiveness. During the past decade, additional histologic variants of tumor have been identified, new techniques for accurately defining the extent of disease have been developed, and forms of vigorous supportive therapy have been employed for the first time. All of these have contributed to improvement in the results of therapy.
Malignant lymphomas in children
Authors: Exelby Philip R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMalignant lymphomas are tumors of lymphoid tissue that make up almost 30% of cancers in childhood. The term “lymphoma” covers a variety of histologic types of tumor that have been placed in many different classifications. Based on biological behavior and current management, it is convenient to divide lymphomas in children into 2 broad categories: (a) Hodgkin’s disease, and (b) non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Hodgkin’s disease in children resembles the disease in adults. It is a slowly progressive chronic disease, often lacking in systemic symptoms in early stages. Evaluation of Hodgkin’s disease involves careful determination of extent of disease by radiologic, scanning, biochemical, and surgical staging techniques. Non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma, in contrast, is one of the most rapidly growing cancers in children. The disease differs greatly from adult non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma both in behavior and management. The rapid clinical course and early spread to bone marrow and central nervous system resembles acute leukemia more than adult non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The children are often extremely sick at the time of diagnosis and evaluation. More than a 24‐hour delay in treatment may increase the problems of subsequent management and jeopardize cure. The planned staging laparotomy carried out electively in Hodgkin’s disease has no place in the management of non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma in children. Surgery in this tumor consists of biopsy of peripheral node for diagnosis and determination of peripheral nodal presentation, and exploratory laparotomy for resection of gross tumor in abdominal presentation. Whereas the pretreatment evaluation may take 1 week in Hodgkin’s disease, non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma requires urgent induction of chemotherapy within 48 hours of diagnosis. This discussion of lymphoma in children involves separate considerations of Hodgkin’s disease and non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The reader should think of these groups as 2 distinct diseases requiring quite different types of management.
Cimetidine in the management of synchronous crises of MEA I
Authors: Friesen Stanley R. , Hermreck Arlo S. , Brackett Charles E. , Schimke R. Neil 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe clinical problems associated with the simultaneous and critical presentation of acute hyperparathyroidism and perforated jejunal ulceration in multiple endocrine adenopathy (MEA type I) require a multidisciplinary approach to management. In the patient described here, the use of cimetidine, a histamine‐2 receptor blocker, provided sufficient time after surgical closure of the ulcer to control the hypercalcemic crisis medically and surgically, until the persistent hypergastrinemia could be corrected by sequential excisions of the stomach and pancreaticoduodenal apudomas and hyperplasia. The serum gastrin levels, basal and stimulated (by secretin), provide necessary indications for surgical management of otherwise undetected islet cell pathology. The simultaneously associated pituitary hyperprolactinemia in this patient required both surgical and radiologic therapy.
Radiolabeled autologous leukocyte scanning in abscess detection
Authors: Ascher Nancy L. , Forstrom Leroy , Simmons Richard L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractUse of ultrasonography, computed tomography,67gallium scintiscanning, and111indium scintiscanning of labeled autologous leukocytes in the detection of intra‐abdominal infection is reviewed.111In scintiscanning in 405 patients demonstrated 152 sites of acute inflammation or septic foci in the abdomen in 138 patients; the calculated specificity was 92% and the overall diagnostic accuracy was approximately 90%. Success with111In scintiscanning has led us to use it routinely as a screening procedure 5 and 10 days postoperatively to detect intraperitoneal sepsis in high risk postoperative patients.
Collagenolysis: The other side of the equation
Authors: Peacock Erle E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAt least 18 mammalian collagenases have been identified. Acting at neutral pH and under physiological conditions these powerful enzymes cleave the collagen molecule and produce soluble fractions. Thus, tissue collagenase provides balance for collagen synthesis and completes the metabolic equation. Because tissue collagenase is produced only by living cells upon demand, there is no reservoir or pool of active enzyme. Inhibitors and accelerators of collagenolysis have been identified. Such agents have immediate therapeutic implications for conditions characterized by undesirable fibrous tissue.
Internal overhealing: The problem of intraperitoneal adhesions
Authors: Ellis Harold 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAdhesions commonly follow laparotomies and are a frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in the Western World. They have been regarded as passive scar tissue which results from serosal damage, but both clinical and experimental studies confirm that they act as vascular grafts developing in response to the presence of ischemic tissue within the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneal defects, if left open and vascularised, heal rapidly by fibroblast differentiation into a smooth new serosa.
Selective or routine intraoperative cholangiography: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Holmin Torsten , Jönsson Bengt , Lingren Björn , Olsson Sven‐Åke , Petersson Bengt G. , Sörbris Ralph , Bengmark Stig 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn a retrospective analysis of 819 patients operated on for gallbladder disease, the costs and mortality rates were compared for 2 different strategies: (a) routine use of intraoperative cholangiography, or (b) selective use of intraoperative cholangiography on patients fulfilling at least 1 of 4 common clinical criteria. Selective use led to lower costs and lower mortality rates. The main reason for this outcome was that the benefits of detecting more stones in the bile duct by the routine use of cholangiography were counterbalanced by an increase in costs and risks because false‐positive operative cholangiograms led to a greater number of unnecessary choledochotomies.
Anesthesia and monitoring for aortic aneurysm surgery
Authors: Ahmad Saleh Salwa 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass is employed in the treatment of aneurysms of the ascending aorta and transverse aortic arch. Anesthesia in these cases is similar to that used in the treatment of cardiac lesions requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Most surgeons use some form of bypass or shunt for aneurysms in the distal arch, descending thoracic aorta, and the thoracoabdominal aortic segment. My surgical associate replaces these lesions with grafts without bypass or shunt, using simple cross‐clamping technique. This paper is concerned with anesthetic technique and general supportive measures that provide safety for this method of treatment.Anesthesia and muscle relaxation is obtained by drugs that do not depress the myocardium. Surgical exposure and lung protection are facilitated by one lung ventilation, collapsing the left lung with a double lumen endobronchial tube. Blood pressure and cardiac hemodynamics are extensively monitored and controlled by administration of intravenous fluids and nitroprusside, as indicated. Serum electrolytes, blood gases, plasma osmolarity, acid‐base balance, and body temperature are frequently monitored and maintained in safe range. Blood coagulability is assessed and normal ranges achieved by appropriate therapy.
Prospective study of the effect of resection of the rectum on male sexual function
Authors: Fazio Victor W. , Fletcher John , Montague Drogo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA prospective study to evaluate sexual dysfunction following resection of the rectum was performed in 21 male patients. Following proctocolectomy for inflammatory bowel disease (9 patients), the incidence of sexual dysfunction was 11%, and it was always partial. Following abdominoperineal excision of the rectum for carcinoma (7 patients), the incidence of sexual dysfunction was 50%, and it was total in 16%. After anterior resection with low colorectal anastomosis (5 patients), the incidence of sexual dysfunction was 40%. The risk of dysfunction following operations on the rectum increased with the age of the patient and was minimal below the age of 50 years. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, careful dissection close to the rectum should avoid damage to the pelvic nerves, and the incidence of sexual dysfunction should be low.
Total parenteral nutrition in Crohn's disease
Authors: Bos L. P. , Weterman Irene T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA personal experience involving use of total parenteral nutrition in 115 patients with Crohn's disease is reported from a medical unit. Remission occurred without surgery in 24 patients. The regimen was considered to have failed in its objectives in 50 patients, and complications were recorded in 57.
The prevention and treatment of the persistent perineal sinus
Authors: Ferrari Bernard T. , DenBesten Lawrence 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThere is a high reported incidence of persistent perineal sinus after proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease. The cause and prevention are discussed. In a consecutive series, persistent perineal sinuses occurred in 4 of 17 patients with Crohn's colitis, and in none of 20 patients with ulcerative or unclassified colitis (1 died soon after operation). The technique is described for patients with a sinus persisting for more than 6 months, using total excision, primary closure, and suction drainage. Six of 7 patients so treated healed primarily and the seventh healed within 2 weeks. In males, sexual dysfunction was often decreased.
A clinicopathologic study of choledochal cyst
Authors: Miyano Takeshi , Suruga Keijiro , Chen Soul‐Chin 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCholedochal cyst is quite common in Japan. The etiology of this lesion is not clear, and there remain problems in its treatment as well.Radiologic investigation of the distal common bile and pancreatic ducts was performed by operative cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Anomalies at the junction of these ducts were found in all of the patients. Localized cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic bile ducts without intrahepatic bile duct dilatation was produced experimentally by ligation of the distal choledochus in infant rats. Concerning the etiology, we agree with Babbitt's hypothesis that weakness of the choledochal wall is produced by reflux of pancreatic juice via an anomalous choledochopancreatic junction. We think that the stenosis associated with this anomaly is the critical factor.From our follow‐up study of 30 cases, we find excision of the cyst to be the most important part of treatment. Choledochal cysts presenting under 6 months of age had clinical symptoms and pathology similar to biliary atresia.
Prophylaxis of postoperative venous thrombosis in a controlled trial comparing dextran 70 and low‐dose heparin
Authors: Bergqvist David , Hallböök Torgil 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA controlled, randomized trial comparing dextran 70 and low‐dose heparin with no treatment for prophylaxis of postoperative deep vein thrombosis is reported. A total of 168 patients who underwent general and urologic surgical operations participated in the trial. The125I‐fibrinogen test was used for diagnosis. The frequency of deep venous thrombosis was 27% in controls, 29% in patients who also received dextran 70, and 13% in patients treated with low‐dose heparin. Only heparin therapy reduced the incidence of thrombosis. Epidural analgesia did not reduce the frequency of thrombosis. In patients with malignant diseases, the thrombotic process always extended proximally, at least to the knee. The highest frequency of thrombosis was seen after urologic surgery. Complications did not differ between the groups.
Thromboendarterectomy combined with femoropopliteal bypass
Authors: Stavorovsky M. , Iellin A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMost complications that appear within 5–6 weeks after femoropopliteal bypass (FPB) are associated with the surgical procedure in the groin. Destruction of lymphatic structures in the presence of an open foot infection and crushing of the intima by clamping the common and deep femoral arteries are significant predisposing factors in producing early infection or occlusion of the graft. To avoid these predisposing factors, a combined procedure of a short thromboendarterectomy of the proximal superficial femoral artery and an autogenous or prosthetic bypass graft was used, without application of clamps to the common and deep femoral arteris. In a series of 45 patients, this combined procedure was used and a significant reduction of complications was achieved. Indications, technique, and advantages of this combined method are discussed.
Duodenal ulcer disease in children
Authors: Maudar K. K. , Dutta J. , Mitra S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractEleven cases of chronic duodenal ulcer in children were subjected to surgical treatment in a period of 7 years. The diagnosis was based on typical peptic ulcer symptoms, hyperchlorhydria, and barium meal x‐ray studies delineating a duodenal bulb deformity with an ulcer crater in 8 patients. Three cases of duodenal ulcer perforation in infants were diagnosed at laparotomy for peritonitis with pneumoperitoneum. All the patients hailed from the region of Assam, India, where peptic ulcer is prevalent. A positive family history of peptic ulcer in 5 patients, blood group O in 7 patients, and the regional diet were considered to be predisposing factors. Medical treatment consisting of a bland diet, sedatives, antispasmodics, and a brief hospital stay failed to provide permanent relief of symptoms. Truncal vagotomy with a drainage procedure was done in 8 patients with no deaths. However, simple closure of the perforation in the 3 infants resulted in fatalities due to fulminant septicemia.The patients were followed up for 1–8 years. Six patients had permanent relief of symptoms. Two patients occasionally complained of epigastric fullness and eructation. They showed normal growth, gain in weight and hemoglobin levels, and had no recurrence. We believe that operative treatment is preferable to medical management of chronic duodenal ulcer in children.
Ultrasonic and computed tomographic imaging of the abdominal aorta
Authors: Hattery Robert R. , Williamson Byrn , Wallace Robert B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAlthough ultrasonic and computed tomographic technology is continuing to evolve, these already sophisticated imaging tests have become the primary methods of evaluating the patients with aortic aneurysms. Both modalities are accurate and noninvasive. The major value of these techniques to the surgeon is in assessing those patients in whom the diagnosis is in doubt and in following patients in whom it has been elected to observe a small stable aneurysm. Changes in an aneurysm can be detected on serial examinations which might indicate the need for surgery in spite of adverse patient risk factors, and these techniques may provide a means of detecting false aneurysms in patients who are difficult to assess accurately by physical examination. Ultrasound and computed tomography are very helpful techniques in the diagnosis and assessment of aortic aneurysms. These diagnostic modalities are not required in every patient and should be used discriminately and when indicated.
Progress in treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch
Authors: Arisan Ergin M. , Griepp Randall B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA review of past and current operative procedures for treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch is presented in conjunction with a series of 14 patients in whom the aortic arch and variable portions of the ascending and descending aorta were replaced utilizing a combination of surface cooling and cardiopulmonary bypass to produce profound total body hypothermia. Arch replacement was carried out during a single period of circulatory arrest. Cardiopulmonary bypass was then utilized to warm the patient and resuscitate the heart. The average cerebral ischemia time was 42 minutes at an average core temperature of 14°C. The average myocardial ischemia time was 68 minutes, and the average duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 122 minutes. There were 4 deaths in this series. Of the 10 patients undergoing elective operation only 1 died. The remaining patients are alive and well 4 months to 6 years following surgery. This experience indicates that by utilizing total body hypothermia and circulatory arrest, aortic arch replacement can be carried out with superior results. This technique is our method of choice and should find increasing application.
Surgery of the trachea
Authors: Perelman Mikhail , Koroleva Nataliia 
Published: May 2006

AbstractExperience with surgical treatment of 164 patients with various diseases of the trachea at the All‐Union Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery in Moscow since 1963 is summarized. The main diagnostic methods used in tracheal diseases were tracheography and tracheoscopy with biopsy. Operations were performed for malformation, trauma, exflammatory disease, benign and malignant tumors, nontumoral stenoses, and esophagotracheal fistula. A bypass respiration system was used in the majority of patients after tracheal transection. Hyperbaric oxygenation added to the bypass respiration system made it possible to interrupt lung ventilation during operations on the trachea for long periods.The best operative approach to the thoracic trachea was a partial sternotomy and posterior thoracotomy. The standard approach to the tracheal bifurcation was a posterior right thoracotomy.The various operations performed on the trachea included sleeve resection with end‐to‐end anastomosis, resection of the tracheal bifurcation, window resection, tumoral incision in the opened trachea, plastic repair of esophagotracheal fistula, and strengthening of the membranous trachea. Six variations of resection of the tracheal bifurcation were performed. In cases of sleeve resection, operative risk was minimized by suturing the left main bronchial stump closed, leaving the left lung in a state of atelectasis.Of the 164 patients who underwent operation, 138 were discharged from the hospital and 26 (16%) died in the postoperative period. Bleeding from the brachiocephalic artery, pneumonia, thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery, and anastomotic leak were the causes of death. Operations on the trachea and its bifurcation require special anesthesia and surgical expertise in tracheobronchial procedures.
The effect of antiaggregating drugs on the patency of grafts in the arterial system
Authors: Pirk Jan , Ružbarský Vladimír , König Jiří , Krajíček Milan , Pavel Petr , Firt Pavel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn experiments in dogs we studied the effect of anti‐aggregating agents on the patency of prosthetic vascular grafts (4 mm in diameter) and vein grafts, both placed in areas with a rate of flow ranging between 50–60 ml/min. All 6 prosthetic grafts became occluded in the nonmedicated controls, 1 of 5 prosthetic grafts remained patent for a prolonged period of time in dogs receiving 250 mg acetylsalicylic acid 3 times a day, while 5 of 6 prosthetic grafts remained patent in animals receiving an antiaggregating mixture. Follow‐up studies showed that antiaggregating medication had no effect on the patency of vein grafts, but it prevented the formation of mural thrombi and subendothelial proliferation.