bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Part I : Binary Oxide Catalysts of Alumina–Rare Earth Oxides
Authors: Jayasree Janakiamma , Narayanan Cadavallore S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Binary oxides of alumina with rare earths like europium, samarium, praseodymium, neodymium, and yttrium were prepared by coprecipitation from corresponding nitrates. The composition, thermal stability, and surface properties of the catalysts were determined using XRD, TGA, XPS, and MAS 27Al NMR. Surface area and pore size of the catalysts were determined by BET and mercury porosimetry. The catalysts were found to be amorphous and aluminium atom showed tetrahedral and octahedral coordination in its lattice. Catalysts showed weak to moderate acidity and basicity.
Part II: Transformations of α and β-Pinene Oxides over Binary Oxide Catalysts of Alumina–Rare Earth Oxides
Authors: Jayasree Janakiamma , Narayanan Cadavallore S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalytic activity of binary oxides of Al2O3–Eu2O3, Al2O3–Sm2O3, Al2O3–Nd2O3, Al2O3–Pr6O11, and Al2O3–Y2O3 were checked in the transformations of α and β-pinene oxides. Al2O3–Eu2O3 and Al2O3–Nd2O3 are found to be best catalysts for α-pinene oxide isomeriztion. Among the oxiranes, α-pinene oxide showed more activity mainly yielding 2,2,3-trimethyl cyclopentene-1-acetaldehyde. β-pinene oxide produced trans-myrtanal and myrtanol.
Integrated Real-Time Capacity and Inventory Allocation for Reparable Service Parts in a Two-Echelon Supply System
Authors: Caggiano Kathryn E. , Muckstadt John A. , Rappold James A. 
Published: July 2006

Two critical decisions must be made daily when managing multiechelon repair and distribution systems for service parts: (1) allocating available repair capacity among different items and (2) allocating available inventories to field stocking locations to support service operations. In many such systems, procurement lead times for service parts are lengthy and variable, repair capacity is limited, and operational requirements change frequently—resulting in demand processes that are highly uncertain and nonstationary. As a consequence, it is common to have many items in short supply while others are abundant. In such environments, integrated real-time decision-support tools can provide significant value by reducing the impact of inventory imbalances and responding appropriately to the volatile nature of the demand processes. By “integrated” and “real-time,” we mean (respectively) tools that simultaneously consider key aspects of the current state of the operating environment in deciding what items to repair, where to ship available units, and by what mode to ship them. In this paper, we develop an integrated real-time model for making repair and inventory allocation decisions in a two-echelon reparable service parts system. We formulate the decision problem as a finite-horizon, periodic-review mathematical program, we show it can be formulated as a large-scale linear program, and we develop a practical heuristic method for solving the problem approximately. By simulating the operation of a service parts supply chain, we demonstrate the value of employing integrated decision models over using separate repair and inventory allocation rules for a range of environments where inventory imbalances exist. We also show that our heuristic approach is highly effective and that its inventory allocation subroutine, used as a stand-alone tool for making distribution decisions, outperforms a commonly used inventory allocation rule in most circumstances tested.
Immunofluorometric Point-of-Care Assays for the Detection of Acute Coronary Syndrome-Related Noncomplexed Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A
Authors: Wittfooth Saara , Qin Qiu-Ping , Lund Juha , Tierala Ilkka , Pulkki Kari , Takalo Harri , Pettersson Kim 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground: We recently reported that the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) form specifically related to acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is not complexed with the proform of eosinophil major basic protein (proMBP). The aim of this study was to develop rapid point-of-care immunoassays for the measurement of the noncomplexed PAPP-A.Methods: We developed immunofluorometric noncompetitive dry-reagent assays for total PAPP-A with 2 PAPP-A subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies and for PAPP-A/proMBP complex with 1 PAPP-A subunit-specific antibody and 1 proMBP subunit-specific antibody. The concentration of noncomplexed PAPP-A was determined as the difference of the results obtained with the 2 assays.Results: The assays were linear from 0.5 to 300 mIU/L. The analytical detection limit and functional detection limit (CV &lt;20%) were 0.18 mIU/L and 0.27 mIU/L for total PAPP-A assay and 0.23 mIU/L and 0.70 mIU/L for PAPP-A/proMBP assay, respectively. The total assay imprecisions were &lt;10%, and recoveries were 88%–107% for both assays. The mean difference (95% limits of agreement) between the new total PAPP-A assay and a previously reported total PAPP-A assay was −3.2% (−45.7% to 39.3%; n = 546; P = 0.0019). In serum samples from 159 non-ACS individuals, median concentrations (interquartile range) were 2.42 (1.14) mIU/L for total PAPP-A, 2.20 (1.18) mIU/L for PAPP-A/proMBP, and 0.18 (0.63) mIU/L for noncomplexed PAPP-A. Total PAPP-A and PAPP-A/proMBP, but not noncomplexed PAPP-A, correlated with age (r = 0.290, P = 0.0002; r = 0.230, P = 0.0035; r = 0.075, P = 0.3483, respectively).Conclusions: The new assays described revealed that noncomplexed PAPP-A is found only in negligible amounts in non-ACS samples.
Increased Access to Unrestricted Pharmacy Sales of Syringes in Seattle–King County, Washington: Structural and Individual-Level Changes, 1996 Versus 2003
Authors: Deibert Ryan J. , Goldbaum Gary , Parker Theodore R. , Hagan Holly , Marks Robert , Hanrahan Michael , Thiede Hanne 
Published: June 2006

We examined pharmacists’ attitudes and practices related to syringe sales to injection drug users before and after legal reform and local programming to enhance sterile syringe access. We replicated a 1996 study by conducting pharmacist phone surveys and syringe test-buys in randomly selected pharmacies. Test-buy success increased from 48% in 1996 to 65% in 2003 (P=.04). Pharmacists agreeing that syringes should be available to injection drug users through pharmacy purchase increased from 49% to 71% (P<.01). Pharmacy policies and pharmacist attitudes were strongly associated with syringe access. Structural changes, including policy reform and pharmacy outreach, appear to increase syringe access. Interventions should address pharmacy policies and pharmacist attitudes and policies.
Diffusion of the D.A.R.E and Syringe Exchange Programs
Authors: Des Jarlais Don C. , Sloboda Zili , Friedman Samuel R. , Tempalski Barbara , McKnight Courtney , Braine Naomi 
Published: June 2006

We examined the diffusion of the D.A.R.E program to reduce use of illicit drugs among school-aged children and youths and the diffusion of syringe exchange programs to reduce HIV transmission among injection drug users. The D.A.R.E program was diffused widely in the United States despite a lack of evidence for its effectiveness; there has been limited diffusion of syringe exchange in the United States, despite extensive scientific evidence for its effectiveness. Multiple possible associations between diffusion and evidence of effectiveness exist, from widespread diffusion without evidence of effectiveness to limited diffusion with strong evidence of effectiveness. The decision theory concepts of framing and loss aversion may be useful for further research on the diffusion of public health innovations.
Ten Years and 1 Master Settlement Agreement Later: The Nature and Frequency of Alcohol and Tobacco Promotion in Televised Sports, 2000 Through 2002
Authors: Zwarun Lara 
Published: June 2006

Objectives. I sought to identify what kinds of promotion for alcohol and tobacco products are found in televised sports programming, as well as how frequently they occur. I compared my findings with data from 5 and 10 years earlier to examine the effects of the Master Settlement Agreement and detect industry trends. Method. A content analysis of more than 83 hours of televised sports programming from 2000 through 2002 was conducted. Composite week sampling was used to ensure results were representative of the overall population of television sports programs. Programs were examined for traditional advertising (commercials) and nontraditional advertising (stadium signs, announcer voiceovers, etc.). Results. Rates of certain types of alcohol advertising have decreased, but what remains is strategically chosen to increase the likelihood of audience exposure. Despite the Master Settlement Agreement, tobacco advertising remains prevalent in many sports. A new trend of placing alcohol and tobacco brand names in commercials for other products is evident. Conclusions. Alcohol and tobacco marketers appear able to cleverly adapt to advertising challenges, such as digital video recorders and legislation. Alcohol and tobacco brands remain visible on sports programming.
Toward a Theory-Driven Model of Acculturation in Public Health Research
Authors: Abraído-Lanza Ana F. , Armbrister Adria N. , Flórez Karen R. , Aguirre Alejandra N. 
Published: June 2006

Interest in studying the impact of acculturation on immigrant health has increased in tandem with the growth of the Latino population in the United States. Linear assimilation models continue to dominate public health research despite the availability of more complex acculturation theories that propose multidimensional frameworks, reciprocal interactions between the individual and the environment, and other acculturative processes among various Latino groups. Because linear and unidimensional assessments (e.g., nativity, length of stay in the United States, and language use) provide constricted measures of acculturation, the rare use of multidimensional acculturation measures and models has inhibited a more comprehensive understanding of the association between specific components of acculturation and particular health outcomes. A public health perspective that incorporates the roles of structural and cultural forces in acculturation may help identify mechanisms underlying links between acculturation and health among Latinos.
Efficacy vs Effectiveness Trial Results of an Indicated “Model” Substance Abuse Program: Implications for Public Health
Authors: Hallfors Denise , Cho Hyunsan , Sanchez Victoria , Khatapoush Shereen , Kim Hyung Min , Bauer Daniel 
Published: June 2006

Objectives. The US Department of Education requires schools to choose substance abuse and violence prevention programs that meet standards of effectiveness. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Agency certifies “model” programs that meet this standard. We compared findings from a large, multisite effectiveness trial of 1 model program to its efficacy trial findings, upon which the certification was based. Methods. 1370 high-risk youths were randomized to experimental or control groups across 9 high schools in 2 large urban school districts. We used intent-to-treat and on-treatment approaches to examine baseline equivalence, attrition, and group differences in outcomes at the end of the program and at a 6-month follow-up. Results. Positive efficacy trial findings were not replicated in the effectiveness trial. All main effects were either null or worse for the experimental than for the control group. Conclusions. These findings suggest that small efficacy trials conducted by developers provide insufficient evidence of effectiveness. Federal agencies and public health scientists must work together to raise the standards of evidence and ensure that data from new trials are incorporated into ongoing assessments of program effects.
Effect of Increased Social Unacceptability of Cigarette Smoking on Reduction in Cigarette Consumption
Authors: Alamar Benjamin , Glantz Stanton A. 
Published: June 2006

Taxes on cigarettes have long been used to help reduce cigarette consumption. Social factors also affect cigarette consumption, but this impact has not been quantified. We computed a social unacceptability index based on individuals’ responses to questions regarding locations where smoking should be allowed. A regression analysis showed that the social unacceptability index and price had similar elasticities and that their effects were independent of each other. If, through an active tobacco control campaign, the average individual’s views on the social unacceptability of smoking changed to more closely resemble the views of California residents, there would be a 15% drop in cigarette consumption, equivalent to a $1.17 increase in the excise tax on cigarettes.
Evaluation of input parameterization for batch process optimization
Authors: Welz C. , Srinivasan B. , Marchetti A. , Bonvin D. , Ricker N. L. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFor the optimization of dynamic systems, it is customary to use measurements to combat the effect of uncertainty. In this context, an approach that consists of tracking the necessary conditions of optimality is gaining in popularity. The approach relies strongly on the ability to formulate an appropriatesolution model, that is, an approximate parameterization of the optimal inputs with a precise link to the necessary conditions of optimality. Hence, the need to be able to assess the capability of a solution model to optimize an uncertain process. A loss function is introduced that can be used to verify the conjecture that the solution model derived from a simplified process model can be applied to a more rigorous process model with negligible loss in performance. This conjecture is tested in simulation via the dynamic optimization of a batch distillation column. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Effect of antifreeze protein on nucleation, growth and memory of gas hydrates
Authors: Zeng Huang , Moudrakovski Igor L. , Ripmeester John A. , Walker Virginia K. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe effect of Type I antifreeze protein (AFP) from winter flounder on the formation of propane hydrate and methane hydrate was studied. We show that the formation of both hydrates is inhibited significantly, with both nucleation and crystal growth being affected. Also, AFP showed the so‐far unique ability to eliminate the “memory effect” in the reformation of gas hydrate. We have proposed a mechanism involving the interference of AFP with heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent growth of the hydrates. It is also shown that a number of samples must be studied in order to obtain meaningful statistics, and that magnetic resonance imaging provides a novel way of studying the nucleation and growth of hydrate in multiple droplets. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Combining process and spectroscopic data to improve batch modeling
Authors: Gabrielsson Jon , Jonsson Hans , Trygg Johan , Airiau Christian , Schmidt Bernd , Escott Richard 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPharmaceutical production is at present characterized by static processes where quality is guaranteed by controlling the purity of the final product. Achieving better control throughout the process, as a means for improving product quality, is one of the objectives of the PAT initiative by the FDA. A data set consisting of 11 batches characterized by UV spectroscopy together with process data was used in this study. Design of experiments was used to introduce controlled process variation in test batches. The objective was to investigate possible advantages of MSPC using a combined data set, compared to separate models of the respective data sets. Individual models for the separate data sets show that they contain complementary information. A major advantage of combining spectroscopic and process data is that deviations that would go unnoticed using just an individual model can be detected and interpreted. All process manipulations were detected by the combined data set model. Implementation of these methods to batch processes in primary and secondary pharmaceutical production is feasible. An enhanced understanding of the process together with control tools should lead to a well‐understood process and, ultimately, real time release. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
First report of prevalence of non‐syndromic hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA)
Authors: Kennerknecht Ingo , Grueter Thomas , Welling Brigitte , Wentzek Sebastian , Horst Jürgen , Edwards Steve , Grueter Martina 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAcquired prosopagnosia (PA) is a rare condition after, for example, a stroke or brain injury. The congenital form of PA is generally considered to be even less common. Beside a few single case reports and anecdotal mentioning of familial cases no data on the epidemiology exists. Following a questionnaire‐based screening in local secondary schools and at our medical faculty, candidates suspicious for PA underwent a semi‐structured interview followed by examinations of first degree relatives. Among 689 local pupils and medical students of our university we found 17 with congenital PA. This corresponds to a prevalence rate of 2.47% (95% CI 1.31–3.63). The frequency is among the highest known for a monogenic disorder. All those index subjects (n = 14) of the target group who agreed to further examinations of their family members had other first degree relatives with the same cognitive disorder. This study provides epidemiological evidence that congenital PA is a very common cognitive disorder which almost always runs in families. The segregation pattern of this hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA) is fully compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Back to deception: ‘Winning’ mediation cases by understanding body language
Authors: Krivis Jeffrey , Zadeh Mariam 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIt's a part of the process: People try to deceive their adversaries in negotiations. Jeffrey Krivis and Mariam Zadeh, of Los Angeles, describe the science of deception, and then provide two lists of cues that you can watch for to minimize the chances of being deceived in mediation.
The synergy of ChemMatrix resin® and pseudoproline building blocks renders Rantes, a complex aggregated chemokine
Authors: García‐Martín Fayna , White Peter , Steinauer René , Côté Simon , Tulla‐Puche Judit , Albericio Fernando 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTraditionally, solid‐phase synthesis has relied on polystyrene‐based resins for the synthesis of all kinds of peptides. However, due to their high hydrophobicity, these resins have certain limitations, particularly in the synthesis of complex peptides, and in such cases, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based resins are often found to give superior results. Another powerful strategy for expediting the assembly of complex peptides is to employ pseudoproline dipeptides. These derivatives disrupt the interactions among chains that are usually the cause of poor coupling yields in aggregated sequences. Here we report on an efficient stepwise solid‐phase synthesis of RANTES (1–68) by combining the advantages of the totally PEG‐based ChemMatrix® resin and pseudoproline dipeptides. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 84: 566–575, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Structure‐Based Synthetic Mimicry of Discontinuous Protein Binding Sites: Inhibitors of the Interaction of Mena EVH1 Domain with Proline‐Rich Ligands
Authors: Hunke Cornelia , Hirsch Tatjana , Eichler Jutta 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe Mena EVH1 domain, a protein‐interaction module involved in actin‐based cell motility, recognizes proline‐rich ligand motifs, which are also present in the sequence of the surface protein ActA of Listeria monocytogenes. The interaction of ActA with host Mena EVH1 enables the bacterium to actively recruit host actin in order to spread into neighboring cells. Based on the crystal structure of Mena EVH1 in complex with a polyproline peptide ligand, we have generated a range of assembled peptides presenting the Mena EVH1 fragments that make up its discontinuous binding site for proline‐rich ligands. Some of these peptides were found to inhibit the interaction of Mena EVH1 with the ligand pGolemi. One of them was further characterized at the level of individual amino acid residues; this yielded information on the contribution of individual positions of the peptides to the interaction with the ligand and identified sites for future structure optimization.
Feasibility and short‐term efficacy of percutaneous mitral annular reduction for the therapy of functional mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure
Authors: Duffy Stephen J. , Federman Jacob , Farrington Catherine , Reuter David G. , Richardson Meroula , Kaye David M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground: While functional mitral regurgitation (MR) commonly accompanies heart failure and contributes to heart failure progression, mitral repair in the setting of HF is not routinely practiced because of the attendant significant morbidity and mortality. This limitation has fostered the development of percutaneous devices to reduce MR, and our group has recently reported the short‐ and long‐term effectiveness of a percutaneous mitral annuloplasty device placed in the coronary sinus (Percutaneous Mitral Annuloplasty Device (PMAD), Cardiac Dimensions®, Inc., Kirkland, WA) in reducing MR in experimental animal models of heart failure with associated MR. In this article, we report results of a “first‐in‐human” study of temporary placement of the PMAD device. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of temporary deployment of this device in patients with functional MR in association with heart failure. Methods: Five patients undergoing scheduled coronary angiography with heart failure and functional MR (mean age 52 ± 9 [SD] years) were recruited, and four had anatomy suitable for deployment of the device. Transthoracic echocardiography and coronary angiography were performed before and after temporary placement and tensioning of the PMAD via the right internal jugular vein. Results: Temporary deployment of the device resulted in a significant reduction in the septal‐lateral mitral annular dimension from 35.5 ± 4.7 to 32.2 ± 4.6 mm (P = 0.02), with evidence of a reduction in the MR color Doppler area from 98.3 ± 43.6 to 83.3 ± 35.1 mm2 (P = 0.09). There were no complications. Conclusions: This first‐in‐human study of a novel device for percutaneous treatment of functional MR has shown that temporary placement of this device in the coronary sinus/great cardiac vein of patients with heart failure and MR is feasible and safe. Evidence of temporary reduction in MR and a reduction in mitral annular area indicate promise for device effectiveness in chronic implantation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.