bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic chemotherapy in tumor‐bearing rats using high‐dose cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II) with low nephrotoxicity in combination with angiotensin II and sodium thiosulfate
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroaki , Hasuda Keitaro , Aoki Ken , Taniguchi Shun'Ichiro , Baba Tsuneo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSystemic chemotherapy using high‐dose DDP and its antidote, STS, was combined with the AT‐II‐induced hypertension method and evaluated for efficacy against s.c. tumors in rats. After i.v. infusion of DDP plus AT‐II for 5 min, STS was administered i.v. over a further 5 min. The rats treated with this combination chemotherapy showed normal levels of BUN and serum creatinine 4 days after the treatment, although most rats given i.v. STS after DDP without AT‐II showed severe nephrotoxicity. The absence of obvious nephrotoxicity in AT‐II‐combined chemotherapy using i.v. DDP plus post‐administered STS can be explained by a transient inhibition of DDP‐delivery to the kidney during the AT‐II‐induced hypertension. The anti‐tumor effect of this modified therapy, evaluated by inhibition of tumor growth, was superior to other treatments, as follows: concomitant i.v. administrations of DDP and STS; i.v. DDP, with or without AT‐II. The improvement in anti‐tumor effect of this combination therapy is explained by the delayed neutralization of active DDP by STS at the tumor site and the selective enhancement of DDP delivery to the tumor tissue, as produced by AT‐II. Thus, systemic chemotherapy using high‐dose DDP induced no obvious nephrotoxicity and improved the anti‐cancer effect in the case of concomitant administration of DDP plus AT‐II and the time‐delayed injection of STS.
Cell lines of human oral squamous‐cell carcinomas retaining their differentiated phenotype
Authors: Crooijmans R. P. M. A. , Schwachöfer J. H. M. , Hoogenhout J. , Merkx G. , Poels L. G. , Jap P. H. K. , Ramaekers F. C. S. , Mijnheere E. P. , Elprana D. , Thomas C. M. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo cell lines from head‐and‐neck squamous‐cell carcinomas (SCC) have been established and characterized. Cell line R105 was derived from a xenografted SCC of the floor of the mouth and cell line T87/rc from a SCC of the epiglottis. Identification of individual cytokeratins 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 18 and 19 led to the conclusion that both cell types had squamous characteristics and that keratinization occurred in xenografts. Ultrastructurally, junctional complexes were observed in both cell lines. Characteristic marker chromosomes were found and although both cell lines were derived from male patients, the Y chromosome was missing from all examined cells. The basic biological parameters of both cell lines were modal chromosome numbers of 59 (R105) and 60 (T87/rc), a doubling time of 60 (R105) and 45 hr (T87/rc) and a DNA index of 1.54 (R105) and 1.31 (T87/rc). The tumorigenicity of the 2 cell lines was proved by the ability to form colonies on a plastic substratum, as well as in a soft agar assay. Furthermore, the cells could produce multi‐cellular tumour spheroids, and formed tumour nodules after subcutaneous inoculation into nude mice. The R105 tumour cells appeared to be better differentiated than the T87/rc as observed by histology and immuno(histo)chemistry. Both cell lines appear to retain SCC differentiation after being xenografted into nude mice, cultured for more than 40 passages in vitro and thereafter again xenografted into nude mice.
Monosialoganglioside biosynthesis by subcellular membranes of rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines differing in metastatic potential
Authors: Liepkans V. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe found that rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) subcellular membranes contain sialyltransferase activities for LcOse4Cer and GgOse4Cer acceptors. Chromatographic analyses and neuraminidase lability of the sialyltransferase products indicated that the principal site of sialylation was the non‐reducing terminal galactosyl moiety. In order to control for the effects of cell density in culture, metastatic S4T18 RMS cells and non‐metastatic F9‐4/21 RMS cells were harvested at 2 × 104 to 6 × 104 per cm2 prior to analyses. Irrespective of metastatic potential, we found that sialyltransferase‐specific activities were influenced by cell densities. F9‐4/21 cells, for example, at a density of 6 × 104, produced membranes with sialyltransferase‐specific activities to LcOse4Cer 1.9‐fold higher than cells at 2.1 × 104/cm2. Metastatic potential (predetermined in vivo) appeared to be correlated with an accelerated effect of cell density on the sialyltransferase activity to LcOse4 Cer. Metastatic S4T18 cells at 6.3 × 104/cm2 yielded membranes with sialyltransferase‐specific activities 5.4‐fold higher than membranes from cells at 1.9 × 104/cm2. Conversely, fucosyl‐transferase activities in the presence of LcOse4Cer were highest in non‐metastatic F9‐4/21 cells at low cell densities. Quantitative analyses of monosialoganglioside fractions of RMS cells were in agreement with the sialyl‐transferase studies. HPLC and HPTLC analyses demonstrated the presence of glucosamine‐containing monosialoganglioside with Rf identical with the radioactive products of LcOse4Cer sialylation, which increased 4.5‐fold on a per mg protein basis as cell densities increased in S4T18 cells in culture from 1.9 × 104/cm2 to 6.3 × 104/cm2. Plasma membrane marker Na+, K+, ATPase‐specific activity also increased in RMS metastatic cells in a manner comparable to that described for the sialyl‐transferase activity to LcOse4Cer. Our results suggest that metastatic potential is expressed in the rate of sialylation at specific membrane sites of RMS intercellular contact. We propose a process of selection for metastasis whereby specific cell surface non‐reducing galactosyl termini are recognized by intercellular transferases and lectins in the primary tumor, and the corresponding labile sialylated sites (on disseminated cells) are recognized by host neuraminidases.
Transmission of HTLV‐I to rabbits via semen and breast milk from seropositive healthy persons
Authors: Iwahara Y. , Takehara N. , Kataoka R. , Sawada T. , Ohtsuki Y. , Nakachi H. , Maehama T. , Okayama T. , Miyoshi I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour rabbits inoculated intravenously with milk cells from 4 post‐partum women seropositive for human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) and one rabbit inoculated with semen cells from a seropositive healthy man seroconverted for HTLV‐1 after 3–5 weeks but no seroconversion occurred in 2 rabbits inoculated with milk cells from a seronegative mother or with heated (56°C, 30 min) milk cells from a seropositive mother. Attempts were made to isolate HTLV‐1 from peripheral blood lymphocytes harvested 5–15 weeks after cell inoculation and cultured in the presence of interleukin‐2. An HTLV‐1‐carrying lymphoid cell line of rabbit origin was established from a rabbit inoculated with milk cells. Another long‐term culture, derived from a rabbit inoculated with semen cells, also expressed HTLV‐1 antigens and harbored virus particles. Furthermore, transfusion of 20 ml of blood from all 5 seroconverted rabbits, but not from the 2 seronegative ones, caused seroconversion in normal recipient rabbits after 4–6 weeks.
Role of glycolipids in the metastatic process: Characteristics of neutral glycolipids in clones with different metastatic potentials isolated from a murine fibrosarcoma cell line
Authors: Mannori Gianna , Cecconi Oliviero , Mugnai Gabriele , Ruggieri Salvatore 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe investigated whether metastatic phenotype is associated with a characteristic glycolipid pattern. For this study, we developed a system of variants with different metastatic potentials that we isolated from the highly metastatic T3 murine fibrosarcoma line by culture in 0.3% agar or on plastic. The glycolipid profiles of T3 cells and of their highly metastatic isolates were characterized by a high level of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3ose). On the other hand, Gb3ose was reduced in a weakly metastatic clone isolated from T3 cells. A reduced level of Gb3ose was also found in a weakly metastatic subclone isolated from a highly metastatic T3 clone. Propagation of this subclone led to the emergence of a series of variants which expressed a high metastatic potential together with a high Gb3ose level. We also observed that Gb3ose was 10 times more prevalent on the cell surface in T3 cells than in a weakly metastatic clone. On the whole, these findings indicate that, in our system of metastatic cells, a high Gb3ose level correlates with metastatic phenotype. It is possible that the highly exposed Gb3ose in metastatic cells is relevant to the metastatic process in view of the role played by the unique molecular structure of this glycolipid in other models of cell‐to‐cell interaction.
Childhood cancer incidence in Queensland, 1979–88
Authors: McWhirter W. R. , Petroeschevsky A. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData on the incidence of childhood cancer in Queensland during the 10‐year period 1979–88 are presented. During this period, 786 cases were registered. The average annual crude and age‐standardized (to the world population) incidence rates for both sexes were 12.63 and 13.30 per 100,000 respectively. The incidence of cancer in males is unusually high, as is the sex ratio of 1.57. ALL accounted for 78% of all leukaemias. There appears to have been a decline in the incidence of Hodgkin's disease, especially in older children, compared with an earlier Queensland series. Ewing's tumour remains commoner than osteosarcoma. Some modifications to the classification scheme for childhood cancer are proposed. The most important of these is the omission of Langerhans‐cell histiocytosis, which is not now regarded as a neoplasm.
Increased risk of urothelial cancer in Stockholm during 1985‐87 after exposure to benzene and exhausts
Authors: Steineck Gunnar , Plato Nils , Gerhardsson Maria , Norell Staffan E. , Hogstedt Christer 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a population‐based case‐referent study of urothelial cancer in Stockholm during 1985–87, information was obtained from 80% of 320 identified male cases and 79% of 363 selected male referents. Industrial exposures were assessed for each subject by an industrial hygienist on the basis of questionnaire data. Exposure to benzene (any annual dose) gave a relative risk (with 95% confidence interval) of 2.0 (1.0–3.8). The highest risk was seen for a high annual dose. Subjects exposed to both diesel and petrol exhausts (moderate/high annual dose) had a relative risk of 7.1 (0.9–58.8). However, adjusting for benzene changed the relative risk to 5.1 (0.6–43.6). It might be rewarding to consider whether benzene from petrol confounds the associations previously suggested between exhausts and urothelial cancer. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) gave a relative risk of 3.3 (0.6–18.4).
Amplification and overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in human renal‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Ishikawa Jiro , Maeda Sakan , Umezu Kei‐Ichi , Sugiyama Taketoshi , Kamidono Sadao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined 22 cases of renal‐cell carcinoma (RCC) for structural alterations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and found gene amplification in one case of high‐stage‐high‐grade RCC. Dot blot analysis of the total RNA from tumorous and normal kidney tissues revealed overexpression of the EGFR gene in 12 of 20 (60%) cases of RCC. The highest expression was observed in the geneamplified case. No correlation was observed between the level of EGFR mRNA and tumor stage or grade. Northern blot analysis revealed normal 10‐ and 5.6‐kb EGFR mRNA bands in RCC. Our data indicate that gene amplification of the EGFR gene is one of the molecular mechanisms of its overexpression in a subset of RCCs.
Occupational and other non‐dietary risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Yu Mimi C. , Garabrant David H. , Huang Teng‐Bo , Henderson Brian E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe conducted interviews on 306 histologically confirmed incident cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) occurring in residents of Guangzhou City, China, who were under the age of 50, and an equal number of age‐, sex‐, and neighborhood‐matched controls. We also interviewed 110 mothers of patients under 45 and 139 mothers of controls who were matched to patients under age 45, to obtain information on childhood exposures of study subjects. Occupational exposure to products of combustion (RR = 2.4, p = 0.001) and cotton dust (RR = 0.3, P = 0.01) was independently related to risk of NPC. Use of tobacco products showed a moderate association with NPC; a lifetime exposure of 30+ pack‐year equivalents conferred a 2‐fold increased risk. A history of chronic ear or nose condition (rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal polyp, otitis media) was another risk factor for NPC (RR = 2.2, p < 0.0005), and 18 cases compared to 3 controls had a first‐degree relative with NPC (RR = 6.0, p = 0.001).
Changes in glycolipid expression in human testicular tumor
Authors: Ohyama Chikara , Fukushi Yasuo , Satoh Makoto , Saitoh Seiichi , Orikasa Seiichi , Nudelman Edward , Straud Mark , Hakomori Sen‐Itiroh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGlycolipids were extracted from testicular tumor tissues of 13 patients, and their pattern of expression compared with that of normal testicular tissue. The most conspicuous and consistent change in the tumor extracts was marked accumulation of CTH (ceramide trihexoside). Structural analysis by enzyme cleavage showed that CTH which accumulated in the tumor tissue was Gb3 (Galαl‐4Galßl‐4Glcßl‐Cer). Immunohistochemistry using anti‐Gb3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) (lA4) also indicated massive accumulation of Gb3 in the tumor tissue. Gb3 may be a new marker of testicular tumors, especially seminomas, for which useful markers are so far lacking.
Incidence of childhood cancer in La Plata, Argentina, 1977–1987
Authors: Drut Ricardo , Hernández Ana , Pollono Daniel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIncidence data on malignant tumors in children aged 0–14 for the period 1977–87 were calculated in La Plata, Argentina. The number of children living in La Plata was 151,085. The overall incidence of malignant tumors was 106.5 per million (127.4 for males and 83.4 for females). Leukemia (30.5%), lymphoma (15.2%) and central nervous system (14.1%) comprised 60% of all tumors. The relative frequency of histologic types was similar to the pattern recognized in other countries of Latin America and different from that reported in North America and Europe where brain tumors rank second. A high incidence of orchioblastoma (infantile embryonal carcinoma) present in this survey can only be substantiated after a longer period of study.
Maintenance on extracellular matrix and expression of heparanase activity by human ovarian carcinoma cells from biopsy specimens
Authors: Peretz Tamar , Antebi Shaul U. , Beller Uziel , Horowitz Aviva T. , Fuks Zvi , Vlodavsky Israel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA routine procedure has been developed for the isolation and maintenance in culture of human ovarian carcinoma cells derived from biopsy specimens. Cell attachment, plating efficiency and initial outgrowth were greatly improved by seeding the cells on a basement‐membrane‐like extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by cultured corneal endothelial cells. These effects were most significant in serum‐free conditions which markedly reduced the rate of cell attachment and growth on regular tissue culture plastic. In 60–80% of the cases and regardless of the patient's age, cells cultured on ECM in the absence of serum divided actively and formed a tightly packed epithelial cell monolayer. Fibroblast overgrowth and cell detachment often occurred on ECM in the presence of serum. Incubation of the human ovarian carcinoma cells with sulfate‐labelled ECM, resulted in the release of heparan sulfate degradation fragments, 4‐ to 7‐fold smaller than intact heparan sulfate side chains. This degradation was brought about by endoglycosidase (heparanase) activity expressed to a higher extent by cells that were first maintained in primary cultures as compared with cell aggregates taken directly from the biopsy specimen. In most cases, cells derived from metastatic tumors expressed a higher heparanase activity than cells from the primary ovarian tumor. This result corroborates previous studies, performed with cell lines, on the possible involvement of heparanase in tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
Immunophenotyping of childhood astrocytomas with a library of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Bodey Bela , Zeltzer Paul M. , Saldivar Victor , Kemshead John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunophenotype (IP) analysis of 14 childhood glial tumors was performed with a library of 16 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) using biotin‐streptavidin‐alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemical detection technique. Presence of glial or neuronal differentiated cells within the tumors was evaluated with MAbs against cell‐lineage‐specific markers: high‐, medium‐ and low‐molecular‐weight neurofilament protein (NFP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Intense expression of GFAP was demonstrated in 14/14 astrocytomas. The three NFs were detected in 10–50% of the cells in 6/14 cases. The pan‐neuro‐ectodermal antigen defined by MAb UJ 13/A was present in 7/14 astrocytomas on more than 10% of the cells. Thy‐1 was expressed in 14/14 tumors on more than 50% of their cells. The GQ ganglioside antigen detected by MAB A2B5, was found in 12/14 tumors. Shared antigens exist among morphologically benign and malignant glial tumor cells and leukocytes detectable with the following four MAbs: Thy‐1, Pl 153/3, UJ 308 and anti‐HLe, common leukocyte antigen (CLA). CLA‐expressing cells were demonstrated in 8/12 astrocytomas, and in 4/12 cases more than 90% of the cells were positive. We have shown that cells within childhood astrocytomas can express neuronal IP. The most common expressed phenotype for glial tumors was: GFAP+, Thy‐1+, A2B5+, UJ 167.11+, UJ 223.8+, NF (H,M)+, UJ 13/A+, UJ 127.11−, and NF (L)−.
Immunochemical localization of heparanase in mouse and human melanomas
Authors: Jin Li , Nakajima Motowo , Nicolson Garth L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHeparanase, an endo‐β‐D‐glucuronidase, has been associated with melanoma metastasis. Polyclonal antibodies directed against the murine N‐terminal heparanase peptide detected a Mr ∼ 97,000 protein on SDS‐PAGE of mouse melanoma and human melanoma cell lysates. In an indirect immunocytochemical study, human A375‐SM and mouse B16‐BL6 melanoma cells were stained with the anti‐heparanase antibodies. Heparanase antigen was localized in the cytoplasm of permeabilized melanoma cells as well as at the cell surface of unpermeabilized cells. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen sections from syngeneic mouse lungs containing micrometastases of B16‐BL6 melanoma demonstrated heparanase localized in metastatic melanoma cells. Similar studies using frozen sections of malignant melanomas resected from patients indicated that heparanase is localized in invading melanoma cells. Our studies suggest that (a) the N‐terminus of the heparanase molecule in mouse and human is antigenically related; (b) heparanase antigens are localized at the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of metastatic human and mouse melanoma cells; and (c) heparanase antigens are enriched in invasive and metastatic murine and human melanomas in vivo.
Tumor necrosis factor induces necrosis of human carcinoma xenografts in the presence of tricyclodecan‐9‐yl‐xanthogenate and lauric acid
Authors: Amtmann Eberhard , Sauer Gerhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rh TNF) when administered intravenously together with the phospholipase C inhibitor tricyclodecan‐9‐yl‐xanthogenate (D609) and lauric acid (C12), leads to the partial regression of various human tumor transplants in athymic mice. Extensive necrosis occurred after a single intravenous infusion, with no detectable side effects. TNF‐mediated cytotoxicity was found to be correlated with the depletion of energy in HeLa cells. The activity of rh TNF was enhanced by the absence of glucose, while it was reduced by addition of extraneous ATP. In the presence of rh TNF, D609, and C12, cellular energy metabolism was almost completely switched to glycolysis. Under these conditions the cytocidal activity of rh TNF on HeLa cells was amplified at least 60‐fold.
Extraction of type‐IV collagenase/gelatinase from plasma membranes of human cancer cells
Authors: Zucker Stanley , Moll Ute M. , Lysik Rita M. , Dimassimo Elizabeth I. , Stetler‐Stevenson William G. , Liotta Lance A. , Schwedes Janine W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor proteinases are considered to be important in the process of cancer invasion and metastasis. We have proposed that the surface membrane localization of these proteinases places them in an optimal site to facilitate the invasion of surrounding extracellular matrix. In this study, we have used the organic solvent, n‐butanol, and the detergent, n‐octylglucoside, to sequentially extract metalloproteinases from crude plasma membranes of human RWP‐1 pancreatic cancer cells. Anion exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography were employed to further purify enzymes with the capacity to degrade gelatin, type‐IV collagen, and carboxymethylated transferrin. Gelatin zymography was used to demonstrate proteinase bands of 92, 70 and 62kDa. Immunoblotting of solubilized, partially purified pancreatic cancer plasma membrane proteins using polyclonal rabbit antibodies, which have specificity for type‐IV collagenase/ gelatinase, resulted in the recognition of a 70‐kDa protein, but not the 92‐kDa gelatinase. A type‐IV collagenase/gelatinase of 68kDa was similarly identified in A2058 human melanoma cancer cell plasma membranes.
Expression of ras oncogene leads to down‐regulation of protein kinase C
Authors: Haliotis Tina , Trimble William , Chow Sue , Bull Shelley , Mills Gordon , Girard Peggy , Kuo J. F. , Hozumi Nobumichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of mutated c‐Ha‐ras expression on Ca2+ and phospholipid‐dependent protein kinase C (PKC) activity during the process of transformation was analysed using an inducible metallothionein‐ras hybrid oncogene system. A close correlation was found between the timing of ras expression and the loss of PKC enzymatic activity measured in a cell‐free system. Examination of the subcellular distribution of the enzyme in inducible and constitutive ras‐transformants revealed that expression of ras was associated with an apparent translocation of PKC to the plasma membrane concomitant with down‐regulation of PKC enzymatic activity in particulate as well as cytosolic fractions. Quantitation of PKC protein utilizing a PKC‐specific antiserum showed that ras expression was associated with a decrease in the total amount of PKC protein present in the cell. We conclude that transformation by c‐Ha‐ras is accompanied by down‐regulation of PKC activity and that the basis of this effect may, to a large extent, lie in the down‐regulation of the amount of PKC protein.