bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical condition of two nursery ponds at Iswarganj, Mymensingh
Authors: Hossain M Kabil , Hossain MD , Rahman M Habibur , Afza R , Khanom DA 
Published: January 2009

The research work was conducted to measure the nursery pond water quality parameters during the period of June 2006 to May 2007 in Mymensingh. The highest value of water temperature, alkalinity, ammonia, free carbon dioxide, DO, PH and hardness was 30.2Â°C (May'07) in pond-1, 174ppm (Feb.'07) in pond-2, 3.5ppm (July'06) in pond-1, 8.5ppm (Dec.'06&Jan.'07) in pond-1, 9ppm (July;06) in pond-1(also in April in pond-2), 8.4 (June'06) in pond-2 and 175ppm (Sep.'06) in pond-2 respectively. The lowest value of these parameters was 18Â°C (Jan.'07) in pond-2, 70ppm (Nov.'06) in pond-1, 0.03ppm (Sep.'06) in pond-2, 4ppm (Sep.'06) in pond-2, 5.5ppm (June'06) in pond-1, 6.2 (Oct.'06) in pond-2 and 64ppm (March'07) in pond-1. The value of physicochemical parameters of water had more or less significant combined effect on one another. Key words: Physicochemical, nursery pond, fish fry, disease Â doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1952 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 43-46
Growth performance of thai pangus (<i>Pangasius hypophthalmus</i>) in polyculture system using different supplementary feeds
Authors: Sayeed MAB , Hossain GS , Mistry SK , Huq KA 
Published: January 2009

Thai pangus polyculture with carps has been increasing for its high potential, however very few attempts were made to compare its growth using different types of feed. A research was undertaken to assess the effect of three types of feed on growth of Thai pangus (Pangasius hypophthalmus) and rohu (Labeo rohita) in polyculture system for 11 months from 15 May 2005 to 15 April 2006 in Khulna. Growth performance using Hand-made Feed (F1) was compared with two commercial fish feed, Sunney Feed (F2) and Saudi-Bangla Feed (F3) in three respective treatments of T1, T2 and T3. All treatments were carried out in triplicate at 24700/ha for Thai pangus and 4940/ha for rohu. Average initial weight of Thai pangus and rohu were 4.5 and 33.5g respectively. Growth performance was influenced by feed type. Average final weight of Thai pangus and rohu were 820 and 710; 846 and 770; and 872 and 717g with specific growth rate 1.58 and 0.93; 1.59 and 0.95 and 1.60 and 0.93 % day -1 in T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Feed conversion ratio was estimated 2.3 in T1, 2.1 in T2 and 1.96 in T3. The result showed a typical increasing trend of final weight and specific growth rate of Thai pangus along with the increasing of feed protein level. But rohu showed highest growth in T2 where protein level was 26-30% which was lower than that of T3 (Protein level 28-32%). The study suggests that suitable protein level and quality feed is required for adequate growth of fish. Key words: Feed, Thai pangus, Polyculture, Growth. Â Â Â doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1956 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 59-62
Intestinal parasitic infestation and anaemic status among the adolescent boys in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md Hafiz , Khanum Hamida 
Published: January 2009

The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation and anaemic status of adolescent boys (age 10-19 years) of two selected villages, Kutumbopur, Comilla and Gazirchat, Dhaka districts was investigated. Anaemic status was determined by measuring hemoglobin percentage and parasitic infestation was detected and identified under microscope with wet mount and stained preparations. Out of 106 adolescent boys, only two (1.9%) showed severe anaemia. Among the other anaemic status, 50.9% was moderately anaemic, 39.6% mildly anaemic and 7.5% non anaemic. Adolescent boys were infected (49.01%) with one or more type of protozoan and helminth parasites. Both anaemia and parasitic infestation were more prevalent in Gazirchat while compared to Kutumbopur. Parasitic infestation and anaemia was not correlated. Key words: Anaemia, adolescent boys, Ascaris, Trichuris, Entamoeba, Giardia Â doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1957 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 63-65
Effects of age, body weight, body condition and scrotal circumference on sperm abnormalities of bulls used for artificial insemination (AI) programme in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarder Md Jalal Uddin 
Published: January 2009

Impacts of age, body weight, body conditions, and scrotal circumference on sperm abnormalities of bulls used for artificial insemination (AI) in Bangladesh have been studied. During 1997-2002, 1390 ejaculates of semen from 71 bulls from Central Cattle Breeding Station and Dairy Farm, Savar, Dhaka, Rajshahi Dairy and Cattle Improvement Farm, Rajabarihat, and District Artificial Insemination Centre, Rajshahi, were collected and examined. Total head abnormalities, free loose head, mid-piece, tail abnormalities, proximal and distal cytoplamic droplets, total tail abnormalities and total sperm abnormalities were recorded. Age of the bulls had significant effect on sperm abnormalities (P < 0.01) except for proximal cytoplasmic droplet. Similarly, body weight had significant effect (P < 0.05) except for the total head abnormalities, while body conditions had no significant effect on mid-piece, total tail abnormalities and total sperm abnormalities except for the total head abnormalities. Scrotal circumference had significant effect (P < 0.05) on all the sperm abnormalities. The present results demonstrate that the middle (8 to < 10 yrs) and older (>10 yrs) bulls having body weight of < 450 kg, very good body condition and 36 to < 38 cm scrotal circumference had the lowest sperm abnormalities. The need for semen examination for morphological abnormalities of spermatozoa in bulls to be used for AI programme is strongly implicated by this study. Key words: Bull sperm abnormalities, age, body weight, body conditions, scrotal circumference, artificial insemination (AI) doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1959 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 73-78Â Â
Cyanobacterial blooms and water quality in two urban fish ponds
Authors: Rahman Sharmeen , Jewel Md Abu Sayed 
Published: January 2009

The occurrence and abundance of cyanobacterial population was monitored monthly in two urban fish ponds in Rajshahi City Corporation area from January to December, 2006. The bloom was observed in March, August and September. Some environmental parameters such as water temperature, transparency, pH, Dissolved Oxygen(DO), free Carbon dioxide(CO2), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), NO2-N, NH3-N, NH4+, toxic ammonia, Oxidation reduction Index (rH2) were recorded and their relationship with the bloom formation by cyanobacteria are discussed. During the study period 23 species of cyanobacteria were identified. Among which Microcystis, Anabaena, Planktothrix were found to be the dominant genera. Microcystis aeruginosa was the most dominant species during the bloom period. At the peak bloom period, Microcystis aeruginosa comprised 81.64% and 83.24% of total cyanophyceae in pond-1 and pond-2, respectively. The initiation and persistence of natural bloom of cyanobacteria, especially Microcystis was found to be triggered by relatively high temperature (33.21-33.53Â°C), alkaline pH (8.8), and nutrient enrichment especially high NO2-N, NH3-N, and NH4+ concentration. Key words: Cyanobacterial bloom, nutrient, fish pond Â Â doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1960 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 79-84
Studies of some aspects of rodent ecology in the four districts of the gangetic plain of West Bengal, India
Authors: Santra Lalyan Brata , Manna Chanchal Kumar 
Published: January 2009

This study has been conducted in four Districts (i.e., Nadia, North 24-Parganas, Hooghly and Burdwan) of the Gangetic plain of West Bengal, India. The results of the present study indicate that these Districts are badly infested by various types of rodents. Among them wild Indian house rat (Rattus rattus) is quite preponderant followed by field mice (Mus musculus), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) and Indian mole rat (Bandicota sp). Percentage of the female individual of these species is higher than the male individual. They cause severe types of damages in the fields and houses. In the District Nadia, Hooghly, North 24-Parganas and Burdwan, paddy and potato were damaged and estimated during the study period. Other crops and vegetables such as wheat, gourd, cauliflower, cabbage and jute were also damaged by the rodents. Household properties e.g., books, clothes, utensils and electronic goods were also destroyed by the rats. Damages were maximum in the mud built houses. They build their nest and burrows in the upland, trees and periphery of the field but extensive damages were noticed in the centre of the field. Rodents breed throughout the year but peak breeding seasons are August to October and late winter season and average litter size is about 6 to 8. The present study also points out the migratory behavior, hoarding materials in the burrows, nature of damages in relation to field conditions. For the control operation of the rodents and especially the rats, it is essential to have a clear-cut idea about the species present in the area, their habit and habitat, mode of burrowing, their movements, preference of food and a detailed life history of predominant rodent species. These aspects have been thoroughly studied in the present investigation. Key words: Gangetic plain, West Bengal, rodents, Rattus rattus, paddy, burrow. Â Â doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1961 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 85-90
Spontaneous Formation of Complex Periodic Superstructures under High Interferential Illumination of Small‐Molecule‐Based Photochromic Materials
Authors: Ishow Eléna , Camacho‐Aguilera Rodolfo , Guérin Juliette , Brosseau Arnaud , Nakatani Keitaro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA series of push‐pull azo compounds containing bulky substituents are synthesized, yielding fully amorphous materials with glass‐transition temperatures above 200 °C. Thin films are subjected to holographic illumination and show superior bulk photomigration in terms of speed and efficiency compared to materials exhibiting similar electronic and photochromic properties in the solid state. The reported results give evidence that a microscopic consideration of the free volume rather than macroscopic parameters like the glass‐transition temperature should to be adopted to interpret the matrix stiffness and its deformation ability. Irradiation performed at higher laser intensity produces periodic superstructures whose height is five to six times as high as the initial film thickness. The surface tension and instability effects are put forward to interpret the growth of such superstructures.
Generic Method of Preparing Multifunctional Fluorescent Nanoparticles Using Flash NanoPrecipitation
Authors: Akbulut Mustafa , Ginart Paul , Gindy Marian E. , Theriault Christian , Chin Katherine H. , Soboyejo Winston , Prud'homme Robert K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThere is increased demand for nanoparticles with a high fluorescence yield that have the desired excitation wavelength, surface functionalization, and particle size to act as biological probes. Here, a simple, rapid, and robust method, Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP), to produce such fluorescent nanoparticles is described. This process involves encapsulation of a hydrophobic fluorophore with an amphiphilic biocompatible diblock copolymer in a kinetically frozen state. FNP is used to produce nanoparticles ranging from 30 to 800 nm with fluorescence emission peaks ranging from, but not limited to, 370 nm to 720 nm. Such fluorescent nanoparticles remain stable in aqueous solutions, and, in contrast to soluble dyes, show no photobleaching. Fluorophores and drugs are incorporated into a single nanoparticle, allowing for simultaneous drug delivery and biological imaging. In addition, functionalization of nanoparticle surfaces with disease‐specific ligands permits precise cell targeting. These features make FNP‐produced fluorescent nanoparticles highly desirable for various biological applications.
Hospitalization in Winnipeg, Canada due to occupational disease: A pilot study
Authors: Kraut Allen G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe objectives of this study were to identify the extent of occupational exposures to hazardous substances amongst male medical inpatients and to determine the extent to which these exposures may have contributed to the development of medical conditions.MethodsA random sample of 297 male who were admitted from outside the hospital to the medical wards to a large tertiary care hospital, were between age 18–75 and could communicate in English completed an occupational history questionnaire. This information was merged with an inpatient database which contained patient demographics, admission diagnoses, and co‐morbidity data. A specialist in occupational medicine and internal medicine determined whether the medical conditions the participants had were related to their exposures.ResultsOne individual had a condition causing admission that was related to his work and 12 others (4%) had a condition that was possibly related to their work which had caused symptoms. One additional individual was found to have asymptomatic asbestos related pleural fibrosis. Fourteen of 37 possible harmful occupational exposures were reported by more than 10% of the study participants. On average each participant reported 5.5 exposures.ConclusionsOccupational exposures to male medical inpatients are common. For 4.4% (13/297) of male admissions to the general medical wards from the emergency room occupational factors may have played a role in the development of medical conditions which led to admission or to major co‐morbidities. Detailed occupational histories will likely lead to more suspected cases of work related medical admissions. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:372–379, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Cobalt Growth on the Tips of CdSe Nanorods
Authors: Maynadié Jérôme , Salant Asaf , Falqui Andrea , Respaud Marc , Shaviv Ehud , Banin Uri , Soulantica Katerina , Chaudret Bruno 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDie Reduktion einer Organocobaltvorstufe auf CdSe‐Nanostäben ergibt zwei unterschiedliche Halbleiter‐Magnet‐Heterostrukturen (siehe Bild). Selektives Aufwachsen von Co an den Spitzen der CdSe‐Stäbe resultiert zunächst in Nanokügelchen‐Nanostab‐Strukturen, die sich dann in Nanostab‐Nanostab‐Strukturen umwandeln. In den Hybridobjekten bleiben die magnetischen Eigenschaften von Co erhalten, während die Lumineszenz von CdSe geschwächt, aber nicht komplett gelöscht ist.magnified image
Protein Recognition by an Ensemble of Fluorescent DNA G‐Quadruplexes
Authors: Margulies David , Hamilton Andrew D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNäschen für Proteine: Aus fluoreszierenden DNA‐G‐Quadruplexen wurden vielseitige Signalrezeptoren für Proteine in Lösung aufgebaut. Die Einführung einer Proteinprobe in das Ensemble resultiert in einem einzigartigen, charakteristischen Emissionsmuster (siehe Schema, R = Fluorophor). Die selbstorganisierten Proteindetektionssysteme sind leicht herstellbar, für Hochdurchsatzverfahren geeignet und auf kleine Proteinproben anwendbar.magnified image
Reversible σ‐Boran‐Borylen‐Umwandlung: etwas für jeden Geschmack
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEine Reaktion mit vielen Facetten: Ausgehend von einem Dihydroboran (rechts im Schema) gelang die Synthese eines Borylenkomplexes (links), die bei Raumtemperatur reversibel unter H2‐Eliminierung verläuft. Die Bedeutung dieser Reaktion für verschiedene Bereiche der Element‐ und metallorganischen Chemie sowie der Wasserstoffspeicherung wird in diesem Highlight angesprochen.magnified image
Nanostructured Cobalt Oxide Clusters in Mesoporous Silica as Efficient Oxygen‐Evolving Catalysts
Authors: Jiao Feng , Frei Heinz 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLeicht, günstig, effizient: Co3O4‐Nanostrukturen (siehe Bild) in mesoporösem Siliciumoxid sind die ersten nanometergroßen Mehrelektronenkatalysatoren mit einem Übergangsmetalloxid der ersten Periode, die Wasser unter Bildung von Sauerstoff effizient spalten. Die sehr große Oberfläche der Nanostabbündel trägt wesentlich zur hohen Umsatzfrequenz bei.magnified image
Highly Proton‐Conducting Self‐Humidifying Microchannels Generated by Copolymer Brushes on a Scaffold
Authors: Yameen Basit , Kaltbeitzel Anke , Langer Andreas , Müller Frank , Gösele Ulrich , Knoll Wolfgang , Azzaroni Omar 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLückenfüllung: Makroporöse Siliciummembranen, die mit sulfonierten Polymerbürsten modifiziert sind, wurden durch porenfüllende Oberflächenpolymerisation synthetisiert (siehe Bild); so wurden protonenleitende Kanäle mit maßgeschneiderten, fein abgestimmten physikochemischen Eigenschaften erhalten. Die Leitfähigkeit der Membranen (ca. 10−2 S cm−1) ist feuchtigkeitsunabhängig und übertrifft die von Nafion.magnified image
A Designer Axially Chiral Amino Sulfonamide as an Efficient Organocatalyst for Direct Asymmetric Mannich Reactions of N‐Boc‐Protected Imines
Authors: Kano Taichi , Yamaguchi Yukako , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDie mäßige Nucleophilie des axialchiralen Aminosulfonamids (S)‐1 unterdrückt störende Nebenreaktionen, darunter Aldolreaktionen, bei der asymmetrischen Mannich‐Reaktion zwischen N‐Boc‐geschützten Iminen und Aldehyden. Die Addukte entstehen in guten Ausbeuten und mit ausgezeichneter Stereoselektivität (siehe Schema; Boc=tert‐Butoxycarbonyl, Tf=Trifluormethansulfonyl).magnified image
Air‐Stable {(C5H5)Co} Catalysts for [2+2+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Geny Anaïs , Agenet Nicolas , Iannazzo Laura , Malacria Max , Aubert Corinne , Gandon Vincent 
Published: January 2009

AbstractInter‐ und intramolekulare [2+2+2]‐Cycloadditionen von Alkinen, Nitrilen und/oder Alkenen zu Benzolen, Pyridinen oder 1,3‐Cyclohexadienen werden effizient von Cyclopentadienylcobalt‐Komplexen mit einem Fumarat‐ und einem CO‐Liganden katalysiert (siehe Bild). Anders als [CpCo(CO)2] oder [CpCo(C2H4)2] sind die Komplexe luftstabil, leicht handhabbar, mikrowellengeeignet und müssen zur Aktivierung nicht unbedingt bestrahlt werden.magnified image
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Non‐activated and Functionalized Alkyl Halides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Vechorkin Oleg , Hu Xile 
Published: January 2009

AbstractVerträgliche Katalyse: Die Kreuzkupplung von nichtaktivierten und funktionalisierten Alkylhalogeniden mit Alkyl‐Grignard‐Reagentien wird durch den diskreten Nickel(II)‐Komplex 1 katalysiert. Die Umsetzung toleriert wichtige funktionelle Gruppen, die mit Grignard‐Reagentien in Kreuzkupplungen oftmals unverträglich sind.magnified image
QM/MM Methods for Biomolecular Systems
Authors: Senn Hans Martin , Thiel Walter 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTwo are better than one: Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods are the state‐of‐the‐art computational technique for treating reactive and other “electronic” processes in biomolecular systems. This Review presents the general methodological aspects of the QM/MM approach, its use within optimization and simulation techniques, and its areas of application, always with a biomolecular focus.magnified imageCombined quantum‐mechanics/molecular‐mechanics (QM/MM) approaches have become the method of choice for modeling reactions in biomolecular systems. Quantum‐mechanical (QM) methods are required for describing chemical reactions and other electronic processes, such as charge transfer or electronic excitation. However, QM methods are restricted to systems of up to a few hundred atoms. However, the size and conformational complexity of biopolymers calls for methods capable of treating up to several 100 000 atoms and allowing for simulations over time scales of tens of nanoseconds. This is achieved by highly efficient, force‐field‐based molecular mechanics (MM) methods. Thus to model large biomolecules the logical approach is to combine the two techniques and to use a QM method for the chemically active region (e.g., substrates and co‐factors in an enzymatic reaction) and an MM treatment for the surroundings (e.g., protein and solvent). The resulting schemes are commonly referred to as combined or hybrid QM/MM methods. They enable the modeling of reactive biomolecular systems at a reasonable computational effort while providing the necessary accuracy.
New Principles for Glycoside‐Bond Formation
Authors: Zhu Xiangming , Schmidt Richard R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMeeting the demand for sugars: The importance of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates in biological systems has stimulated a need to access significant amounts of these compounds. Much effort has been devoted to the stereoselective generation of the key glycosidic bond, both between carbohydrate residues (see scheme) and to the aglycone. Various methodologies are now available for the efficient synthesis of structurally defined complex oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates.magnified imageIncreased understanding of the important roles that oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates play in biological processes has led to a demand for significant amounts of these materials for biological, medicinal, and pharmacological studies. Therefore, tremendous effort has been made to develop new procedures for the synthesis of glycosides, whereby the main focus is often the formation of the glycosidic bonds. Accordingly, quite a few review articles have been published over the past few years on glycoside synthesis; however, most are confined to either a specific type of glycoside or a specific strategy for glycoside synthesis. In this Review, new principles for the formation of glycoside bonds are discussed. Developments, mainly in the last ten years, that have led to significant advances in oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate synthesis have been compiled and are evaluated.
Semisynthesis of a Homogeneous Glycoprotein Enzyme: Ribonuclease C: Part 1
Authors: Piontek Christian , Ring Petra , Harjes Olaf , Heinlein Christian , Mezzato Stefano , Lombana Nelson , Pöhner Claudia , Püttner Markus , Varón Silva Daniel , Martin Andreas , Schmid Franz Xaver , Unverzagt Carlo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSeven in one blow: The efficient formation of mixed disulfides on the thiol‐rich fusion proteinAfollowed by subsequent intein cleavage gave the fragmentBwith all seven cysteines protected against oxidation. The native chemical ligation ofBwith synthetic glycopeptide thioesters provides glycoproteins.magnified image
An Ugi Reaction in the Total Synthesis of (−)‐Dysibetaine
Authors: Isaacson Jerry , Kobayashi Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2009

Abstract(−)‐Dysibetaine has been synthesized in 11 steps from readily available L‐malic acid (see scheme). The key step is a unique Ugi 4‐center‐3‐component cyclization reaction, where an ester group acts as the carboxylic acid component. The use of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyldisilazane as an ammonia equivalent and a specially designed isocyanide leads to an expeditious synthesis.magnified image
Patterned Monolayers of Neutral and Charged Functionalized Manganese Arene Complexes on a Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite Surface
Authors: Kim Sang Bok , Pike Robert D. , D'Acchioli Jason S. , Walder Brennan J. , Carpenter Gene B. , Sweigart Dwight A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractComplex patterns: The arene manganese tricarbonyl complexes [Mn(η5‐2,5‐didodecoxy‐1,4‐semiquinone)(CO)3] and [Mn(η6‐1,4‐dioctyloxybenzene)(CO)3] BF4 form patterned monolayers on the surface of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), as a result of hydrogen‐bonding, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions, leading to an ordered 2D array of manganese atoms or ions.magnified image
Air‐Stable {(C5H5)Co} Catalysts for [2+2+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Geny Anaïs , Agenet Nicolas , Iannazzo Laura , Malacria Max , Aubert Corinne , Gandon Vincent 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCobalt cyclopentadienyl complexes incorporating a fumarate and a CO ligand (see picture) efficiently catalyze inter‐ and intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloadditions of alkynes, nitriles, and/or alkenes to give benzenes, pyridines, or 1,3‐cyclohexadienes. Unlike catalysts such as [CpCo(CO)2] or [CpCo(C2H4)2] (Cp=C5H5), they are air‐stable, easy to handle, compatible with microwave conditions, and do not necessarily require irradiation to be active.magnified image