bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Mechanism of Dehydrogenation of the 2,4,5-Triphenyl-4,5-dihydroimidazole over Solid Catalysts
Authors: Hayashi Taro , Kuyama Mineko , Takizawa Emiko , Hata Masako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Amarine has been completely dehydrogenated, without the presence of oxygen, by refluxing solutions in xylene, toluene, benzene or acetone with Raney nickel, whereas no dehydrogenation of isoamarine occurred at all under the same conditions. Amarine was also dehydrogenated without the presence of oxygen by refluxing solutions with platinum black, palladium black or active carbon. The dehydrogenation of amarine, carried out by refluxing a solution in benzene with sulfur powder, was accompanied by the evolution of hydrogen sulfide.
2) Amarine was adsorbed with active carbon from a solution in benzene at room temperature, whereas hardly any isoamarine was adsorbed under the same conditions, the difference in the dehydrogenation behavior of these cis- and trans-isomers being very marked.
3) Considering the results obtained, the dehydrogenation of amarine by refluxing solutions with solid catalysts may reasonably be considered cis-dehydrogenation, the mechanism being, as follows; an amarine molecule is adsorbed on solid catalysts with the side of the plane of an imidazole ring, to which cis 4- and 5-hydrogen atoms are attached, and these hydrogen atoms, which tend to move from the imidazole ring, are eliminated under the effect of solid catalysts. Isoamarine, which has a trans-conformation unfavorable to adsorption, is not subjected to dehydrogenation with solid catalysts.
The Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Polymolybdates. I
Authors: Ma Eikoh 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal decomposition of ammonium di-, hepta-, tri- and octa-molybdate has been investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis, ammonia determination and the use of an omegatron mass-spectrometer. Both weight-decrease curves and ammonia evolution curves exhibit stepwise decomposition, indicating that there should be a difference in bonding strengths of water and of ammonia, presumably as ammonium ions in the crystal, with molybdate ions. Hepta-, di- and trimolybdate decompose in three stages, and octamolybdate in two stages. A certain crystal structure should correspond to each stage. Dehydration precedes deammoniation. Dehydration is complete at about 130, 150 and 280°C with hepta-, tri- and octa-molybdate respectively. Deammoniation is complete in all at the same temperature of 360∼375°C. The existence of nitrogen above 250°C in vacuo has been established. Nitrogen is yielded in the process of the thermal decomposition through oxidation as well as through the catalytic decomposition of ammonia. Nitrogen reached a maximum around 320°C. As evidence for the formation of nitrogen through decomposition, hydrogen was also detected above 250°C, and was found to reach a maximum at about 320°C, although in a much smaller quantity.
The Polarographic Determination of Divalent Tin in Sodium Formate
Authors: Deshmukh G S , Murty S V S S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Well-defined cathodic and anodic polarograms of stannous tin in sodium formate have been reported. The diffusion current is directly proportional to the concentration of stannous tin between 10−5 to 10−4m. The anodic half-wave potential of tin is shifted to positive values with the increase in the concentration of Sn2+, whereas the cathodic half-wave potential is constant. The anodic polarogram is highly irreversible. The cathodic polarogram is also irreversible. The irreversibility of the anodic polarogram is increased with the concentration of stannous formate. This is evidenced by a corresponding increase in the difference between E3⁄4 and E1⁄4. Above pH 5.0 the anodic polarogram merges with the cathodic polarogram,. thereby limiting the polarographic determination of Sn2+ to the pH value 3∼5. The E1⁄2 of the anodic polarogram shifts to negative potentials when the pH was increased, whereas that of the cathodic wave is constant. The polarogram with equal wave heights obtained in 1 molar sodium formate at pH 3.0 with 0.005% gelatin has been taken for the determination of tin.
Infrared Spectra and Rotational Isomerism of Some Long-chain n-Alkoxy Ethanols
Authors: Srinivasan T K K , Jose C I , Biswas A B 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectra of n-alkoxy ethanols CH3(CH2)nO-CH2-CH2-OH with n=13,15,17,19 and 21 have been obtained in the solid and liquid states as well as in solution. From a study of the CH2 rocking modes of the (O–CH2-CH2-O) group at 893 cm−1 and 864 cm−1 during liquid-solid transformation and from the solution spectra in the hydroxyl-stretching region, it has been shown that this group exists predominantly in a gauche configuration in liquids or in solution, while both gauche and trans configurations are present in the solid state.
Studies of Methionine Sulfoxide. III. A New Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Methionine Sulfoxide and Its Derivatives
Authors: Morihara Kensaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) A new colorimetric method for the determination of methionine sulfoxide and its derivatives on the basis of the rearrangement of sulfoxide by the action of acetic anhydride has been established.
2) From about 10 μ to 80 μ mol. of methionine sulfoxide can be determined with an experimental error of 3 per cent.
3) The interference with the reaction by various amino acids and related substances has been investigated.
4) Several compounds related to methionine sulfoxide have been prepared and analyzed by the present method.
Studies of Peptide Antibiotics. I. Dipeptide Anhydrides as Models of Cyclic Peptide Antibiotics
Authors: Izumiya Nobuo , Kato Tetsuo , Fujita Yoshimasa , Ohno Motonori , Kondo Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The d-d, l-l, d-l and l-d stereomers of both valyllysine anhydride and phenylalanyllysine anhydride, and the d-l and l-l stereomers of both valylornithine anhydride and phenylalanylornithine anhydride, have been synthesized in order to compare them with the cyclic peptide antibiotics, with which they possess several structural features in common.
Synthesis has been achiveved by the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-induced condensation of formyl, (or t-butyloxycarbonyl) valine (or phenylalanine) with the ω-carbobenzoxylysine (or ornithine) ester, followed by the treatment of the resulting acyl dipeptide ester with hydrogen chloride in methanol or ethyl acetate to remove the formyl- or t-butyloxycarbonylblocking group. The dipeptide ester hydrochlorides so derived have been converted by the action of ammonia to the corresponding carbobenzoxy-substituted dipeptide anhydrides and these, in turn, transformed to the desired unacylated dipeptide anhydride hydrochlorides by palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis.
Enzymic experiments have been carried out to determine whether the dipeptide anhydride hydrochlorides are attacked by trypsin or chymotrypsin. The results indicate that no hydrolysis of any of the anhydrides occurs. In this connection, valyllysines, phenylalanyllysines and lysylphenylalanine have been synthesized for the purposes of chromatographic comparison.
The effects of the dipeptide anhydride hydrochlorides on bacterial growth have been examined. The results indicate that no antibacterial activities are observed against microorganisms in a bouillon agar medium.
The Radiolysis of Liquid cis-2-Butene
Authors: Hatano Yoshihiko , Shida Shoji , Sato Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The radiolysis of cis-2-butene has been studied in the liquid phase at room temperature.
(1) The major products (and their G-values) were hydrogen (1.02), n-butane (0.83), 1-butene (0.40), trans-2-butene (2.29), C8 hydrocarbons (2.30), and higher polymers, the G-values being independent of the total dose. Small amounts of C1∼C3 and C5∼C7 hydrocarbons were also formed. The hydrogen and the lower hydrocarbons except for n-butane were found, by using p-benzoquinone as a radical scavenger, to be produced for the most part through the molecular mechanism.
(2) The addition of benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene to liquid cis-butene have remarkable effects on the formation of trans-2-butene; thus, the cis-trans isomerization increases at a lower concentration of additives, while it decreases at a higher concentration of additives. The radical scavenging effect cannot explain these results. From a comparison of the experimental results with the ionization potentials and electron affinities of aromatics, it has been concluded that the increase in the isomerization at lower concentrations is due to the electron capture effect of additives, while the decrease at higher concentrations is due to the charge transfer from the butene to the additives.
The Electronic Effect of the Substituents on the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding of o-Aryloxybenzoic Acids
Authors: \={O}ki Michinori , Hirota Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared hydroxyl and carbonyl absorptions of o-aryloxybenzoic acids have been reported and the assignment of each absorption band in these regions made. The higher carbonyl-stretching absorptin at about 1752 cm−1 has been attributed to the intramolecular hydrogen-bonded trans isomer from the following reasons: i) The Ai⁄Ac intensity ratio in the hydroxyl-stretching region increases as the Hammett σ-constant of the substituent decreases, and the same tendency is observed by assigning the carbonyl band at a higher frequency to the trans isomer; ii) From the measurement of the absorption intensity of 2-phenoxybenzoic acid at various temperatures, in both the hydroxyl and carbonyl regions, the authors have obtained nearly equal enthalpy difference values (1.89 and 1.78 kcal./mol. respectively) between the cis and trans isomers by assuming the above assignment.
Stability Order in Metal Chelate Compounds. II. 5-(p-Sulfophenylazo)-salicylate Complexes
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Takagi Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The interaction of 5-(p-sulfophenylazo)-salicylic acid with zinc(II), copper(II), nickel-(II), cobalt(II), manganese(II), magnesium(II), calcium(II) and iron(III) has been investigated in aqueous media at 25.0±0.1°C and the ionic strength of 0.10 m. The stability constants for the 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 (ligand to metal) chelates of nickel, cobalt, manganese and magnesium, and for the 1 : 1 calcium chelate, as well as for the 2 : 1 ferric chelate, have been evaluated, and the resulting stability order with respect to the bivalent metals has been found to follow the sequence: calcium(II)&lt;magnesium(II)&lt;manganese(II)&lt;(zinc(II))&lt;copper(II)&lt;nickel(II)&lt;copper(II). The stability sequence, zinc(II)&lt;nickel (II), is contrary to that observed for the catechol chelates.
A p-sulfophenylazo group demonstrated an electron-withdrawing effect, the magnitude of which was slightly greater than that of a sulfonate group. However, the effect of the former group on the chelate-stability has been found to be comparable with that of the latter.
The present salicylate derivative is also a good chelating agent for iron (III) ion, even though the chelate system somehow becomes involved in a higher pH range.
The Cationic Polymerization of Acrolein
Authors: Toi Yoshio , Hachihama Yoshikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The cationic polymerization of acrolein with boron trifluoride etherate at various temperatures has been studied.
(1) The polymerization rate may be given as follows: RP=K[C] [M]2, on the basis of the polymerization in an ethyl ether solution, and the activation energy of reaction is 4.5 kcal./mol.
(2) The structure of polymers depends very much on the polymerization temperature; the polymerization at the lower temperature gives a polymer containing the larger amount of the end vinyl group as a side chain, and the smaller amount of the aldehyde group.
Catalysis by Organic Semi-conductors. The Photo-oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol in the Liquid Phase
Authors: Inoue Hiroo , Hayashi Shigeki , Imoto Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The natures of organic semi-conductors have been correlated with the catalytic ability for the photo-oxidation of isopropyl alcohol to acetone with oxygen under ultraviolet or visible light irradiation. p-Type compounds are generally effective as sensitizers, but n-type compounds are ineffective. Heteroaromatic compounds are more effective than the parent aromatic compounds among p-type compounds. The molar ratio of the acetone formed to the oxygen absorbed is larger than unity in the case of p-type compounds and less than unity in the case of n-type compounds. Finally, it has been assumed that the migration of a positive hole in a p-type compound can be correlated with the migration of a hydrogen atom of isopropyl alcohol.
The Electrical Conductivity of Heterocyclic Compounds. Molecular Complexes of Phenazine
Authors: Inoue Hiroo , Hayashi Shigeki , Imoto Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some molecular complexes of the salt type have been prepared from phenazinium chloride or methosulfate and pyrene or p-hydroquinone. It has been confirmed that (1) the constitution, the color and the melting point of the molecular complexes varied with the drying conditions; (2) the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of ph-HCl-py by KBr shows a new band at about 620 mμ; (3) an unpaired electron is localized on the nitrogen atom of phenazine, and (4) the electrical conductivities of molecular complexes of the salt type are better than those of the quinhydrone type of phenazine.
The Viscometric Properties of Polyesters. II. Viscosity in the Range of Low Temperatures near the Glass Transition Point
Authors: Nakatsuka Ryuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The viscosities of amorphous long-chain polyesters have been measured in the range of 10∼106 poises and between −60 and 30°C, and the following results have been obtained (cf. also Part I).
(1) Within the limit of 102∼106 poises, all the polyesters are consistent with the WLF equation. At the “transition area” which was described in Part I, the observed viscosity begins to deviate from the WLF equation.
(2) The apparent activation energy for the viscous flow (E\doublebarpipe) is nearly constant within the range of 30∼5°C, and over the range of viscosity beyond 102 poises for all the polyesters.
(3) The estimated curve of the temperature dependence of the free volume fraction (f) can be divided into three straight-line parts, corresponding to the WLF liquid state, the “transition area” for viscous flow, and the Andrade liquid state respectively.
(4) The relationship between the chemical structure and the viscosity can be represented in connection with intermolecular force, intramolecular rotation and so on.
The Spectrophotometric Determination of Cadmium with Xylenol Orange
Authors: Otomo Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The red cadmium - xylenol orange complex has been studied spectrophotometrically to establish the optimum conditions for determining traces of cadmium. The absorption spectrum of the colored complex showed a maximum absorption at 575 mμ when measured against a reagent blank. The reaction was carried out in a buffered solution at a pH value of 6.3. Beer’s law is obeyed over the 20 to 120 μg. range of cadmium. The sensitivity of the reaction was 0.006 μg. cadmium per cm2. Job’s method of continuous variations and the method of Newman and Hume have been applied to determine the composition of the complex. Both methods showed the existence of only one form of the complex, 1 to 1. The apparent formation constant was calculated to be 6.1×103 at a pH value of 5.5.
Electronic Spectra of Substituted Aromatic Hydrocarbons. IV. Anthramines
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Baba Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Absorption and fluorescence spectra of α- and β-anthramines have been observed. The 1A→1Lb transition, which is masked by the 1A→1La in anthracene, emerges in both α- and β-anthramines because of the perturbation by the substituent. In β-anthramine, the 1Lb band is clearly separated from the 1La band. In α-derivatives, the 1Lb band exists on the higher frequency side of the 1La band. These results may be confirmed by observing the effects of hydrogen bonding on the spectra. At the liquid-nitrogen temperature remarkable changes in the absorption spectrum of α-anthramine occur in the presence of triethylamine; these changes have been interpreted as due to the co-operative effects of hydrogen bonding and the solvent. By using the band assignments proposed in this series of papers, reasonable correlation diagrams of the electronic energy levels have been presented for substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, from benzene to anthracene.
The Use of NMR Spectroscopy as a Structural Probe in Ferrocene Chemistry
Authors: Nagai Yoichiro , Hooz John , Benkeser Robert A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
All of the acetylalkylferrocenes have been synthesized and obtained in a highly pure state. The infrared and NMR spectrum of each of these compounds has been determined, and the results tabulated.
It has been shown that NMR spectroscopy provides a convenient tool in elucidating the structure of substituted ferrocenes. It is particularly useful in distinguishing between 1,2-and 1,3-disubstituted structures, a situation where infrared has its greatest limitations.
A series of shielding constants has been developed for a variety of ferrocene substitu-ents. These enable one to predict with considerable precision the chemical shifts of a variety of protons bonded to the ferrocene nucleus.
The Photochemical Transformation of Some p-Quinol Ethers
Authors: Matsuura Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ultraviolet irradiation of 2,4,6-tri-t-butyl-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-dienone (V) in methanol and in ether has yielded a photoketone VI and 3,6-di-t-butylguaiacol (VIII) respectively. The irradiation of V in the presence of oxygen in ether has yielded VIII and the hydroperoxide of VI. Other related p-quinol ethers have also been subjected to photolysis.
The Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Polymolybdates. II
Authors: Ma Eikoh 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal decomposition of ammonium di-, hepta-, tri- and octamolybdates has been investigated by means of differential thermal analysis, chemical analysis, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The steps of the decomposition may be described as follows:
Heptamolybdate
3(NH4)2O·7MoO3·4H2O\underset130°C→2(NH4)2O·
5MoO3\underset245°C→2(NH4)2O·8MoO3\underset360°C→MoO3
Dimolybdate
(NH4)2O·2MoO3\underset226°C→(NH4)2O·3MoO3
\underset225°C→2(NH4)2O·8MoO3\underset360°C→MoO3
Octamolybdate
2(NH4)2O·8MoO3·2H2O\underset287°C→2(NH4)2O
8MoO3\underset370°C→MoO3
Trimolybdate
(NH4)2O·3MoO3·xH2O\underset200°C→2(NH4)2O.
8MoO3\underset287°C→MoO3
The Monoterpene Constituents of the Essential Oil of Hinoki (Chamaecyparis Obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl.)
Authors: Hayashi Shûichi , Yano Katsumi , Matsuura Tamon 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
d-α-Pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, d-limonene, dipentene, β-phellandrene, p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, l-α-terpineol, α-terpinyl acetate and bornyl acetate have been identified, and camphene, linalool and borneol have been gas-chromatographically confirmed. Of these compounds, β-pinene, myrcene, β-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole and p-cymene have been found for the first time in this work. The main constituents of the monoterpene fraction are d-α-pinene and l-α-terpineol; the former amounts to 66.3%, and the latter to 10.1%, the remaining constituents being within a few %.
Studies of Tritium-labeled Compounds. VII. The Platinum-catalyzed Exposure Reaction
Authors: Meshi Teruhiko , Sato Yoshishige 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to elucidate the nature of the chemisorption in the platinum-catalyzed exposure reaction with tritium, the effects of the substituents upon the hydrogen-tritium exchange of the aromatic ring and upon the tritium distribution in benzoic acid, salicylic acid and benzoylvaline have been investigated. All the substituents except the hydroxyl group decrease the hydrogen-tritium exchange of the aromatic ring, and the compounds carrying those substituents poison the catalyst for the tritium incorporation of benzene. This retardation effect of the substituents upon the hydrogen-tritium exchange of the aromatic nucleus may perhaps be attributed to the preferential adsorption of the substituents on the catalyst surface. The tritium distribution in benzoic acid and salicylic acid suggests that the hydrogen-tritium exchange in the aromatic ring may follow the substitution rule for electrophilic aromatic exchange. The relative hydrogen-tritium exchange rates of benzoylvaline show that the more readily a hydrogen dissociates, the more rapidly it undergoes the exchange.
Relative Sensitivities of Elements in a Spark-Source Mass Spectrograph
Authors: Kawano Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relative sensitivities of eleven elements in a spark-source mass spectrograph have been determined for monatomic singly-charged positive ions detected with Ilford Q2 plates. The results show that the elements have approximately the same sensitivities to within a factor of 3 in spite of large differences in both physical and chemical properties among them, and that the sensitivity of each element is constant in value within an uncertainty factor of 1.5, independent of changes in the bulk concentration of the element. Relative ion production rates have also been determined from the above sensitivities; they are in reasonable agreement with published values determined by electrical detection. From repeated measurements of the relative intensities of various ions, it has been suggested that relative ion yields from a spark ion source are not always constant for different elements. On the basis of these investigations, a discussion has been made of the general applicability of the sensitivity as the analytical constant in the quantitative mass spectrography of solids. Five different formulas have been used to express the “density” of mass lines, and exposures have been determined with an integrated monitor current. By trying several isotopic analyses, the calibration methods have been shown to be useful for mass spectrography.
The Electrolytic Preparation of Vanadium(II) Developers
Authors: Honda Kenichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A systematic study of the preparation of a V2+ developer for use in the continuous automatic processing machine has been carried out.
At first the vanadyl salts, such as vanadyl sulfate and vanadyl chloride, were chemically synthesized from vanadium pentoxide with a yield of nearly 100%, while vanadyl nitrate was obtained with a yield of only 38%. The synthesizing method using oxalic acid was considered to be the most advantageous from the standpoint of the succeeding electrolytic process.
Concerning the electrolytic reduction process to obtain V2+ salt from vanadyl salt, the influence of the kind of electrodes, the combination and concentration of electrolytes, and the cathodic current density upon the yield has been studied. On the basis of these studies, the optimum conditions for the electrolysis have been established except for vanadyl nitrate.
Mixed Chelate Compounds of Titanium(III) as Studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Spectrophotometry
Authors: Fujiwara Shizuo , Nagashima Kozo , Codell Maurice 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An electron-paramagenetic resonance and spectrophotometric study has been made of the composition of mixed chelate compounds of titanium(III)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and organic acids. The existence of three titanium(III)-EDTA complexes in solution has been established. The complex formation of titanium(III)-EDTA with oxalate, tartrate, citrate and lactate has been confirmed, and the ratio of the oxalate has been established. Structures for the complexes have been proposed, probable equilibrium mixtures of complexes at various pH values have been discussed and new procedures have been proposed for the detection of chelate compounds in solution.