bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of edge-localized electron cyclotron current drive on edge-localized mode suppression by resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D
Authors: Hu Q.M. , Logan N.C. , Yu Q. , Bortolon A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
According to recent DIII-D experiments (Logan et al 2024 Nucl. Fusion
64 014003), injecting edge localized electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) in the counter-plasma-current (counter-I
p) direction reduces the n = 3 resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) current threshold for edge-localized mode (ELM) suppression, while co-I
p ECCD during the suppressed ELM phase causes a back transition to ELMing. This paper presents nonlinear two-fluid simulations on the ECCD manipulation of edge magnetic islands induced by RMP using the TM1 code. In the presence of a magnetic island chain at the pedestal-top, co-I
p ECCD is found to decrease the island width and restore the initially degraded pedestal pressure when its radial deposition location is close to the rational surface of the island. With a sufficiently strong co-I
p ECCD current, the RMP-driven magnetic island can be healed, and the pedestal pressure fully recovers to its initial ELMing state. On the contrary, counter-I
p ECCD is found to increase the island width and further reduce the pedestal pressure to levels significantly below the peeling-ballooning-mode limited height, leading to even stationary ELM suppression. These simulations align with the results from DIII-D experiments. However, when multiple magnetic island chains are present at the pedestal-top, the ECCD current experiences substantial broadening, and its effects on the island width and pedestal pressure become negligible. Further simulations reveal that counter-I
p ECCD enhances RMP penetration by lowering the penetration threshold, with the degree of reduction proportional to the amplitude of ECCD current. For the ∼1 MW ECCD in DIII-D, the predicted decrease in the RMP penetration threshold for ELM suppression is approximately 20%, consistent with experimental observations. These simulations indicate that edge-localized ECCD can be used to either facilitate RMP-driven ELM suppression or optimize the confinement degradation.
Multi-pixel photon counter-based gamma camera with pinhole collimator to locate Cs-137 sources at high dose rates for the Fukushima nuclear power plant
Authors: Tomoda T. , Arimoto M. , Mizuno T. , Sato D. , Lucyana F. , Kataoka J. , Kato M. , Ishii J. , Sawano T. , Yonetoku D. , Terazawa S. , Shiota S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant was severely damaged during the 2011 Great East
Japan Earthquake. However, the ongoing decommissioning work has been limited by the complexity of
the reactor's internal structure and very high radiation levels; locating radioactive sources is
essential for efficient decommissioning. Conventional gamma cameras are mainly designed for low
radiation dose (∼mSv/h) and using them under high radiation conditions is difficult
(>Sv/h). Therefore, we developed a pinhole gamma camera with a gamma radiation detector
consisting of a high-speed YGAG scintillator array and multi-pixel photon counters to locate
radioactive sources at high dose rates. The gamma-ray photon signals captured by the developed
two-dimensional detector array can be processed at a speed as high as >1 MHz/pixel using the
developed large scale integrated circuit. Herein, we report the measurement results of an
extremely high radioactivity of 137Cs (∼34 TBq) using the developed gamma camera. The
gamma-ray source position was determined using an angular size of ∼4.6°, with images
obtained at 2 m from the radioactive source and at a dose rate of 0.3 Sv/h. The direct gamma rays
with a photoelectric peak at 662 keV and scattered component of gamma rays can be distinguished
from the measured spectrum. We also characterize the imaging capability of the 137Cs
depending on the detected gamma-ray energies and discuss related details.
Status of the detector setup for the FAMU experiment at RIKEN-RAL for a precision measurement of the Zemach radius of the proton in muonic hydrogen
Authors: Rossini R. , Adamczak A. , Bakalov D. , Baldazzi G. , Banfi S. , Baruzzo M. , Benocci R. , Bertoni R. , Bonesini M. , Bonvicini V. , Cabrera H. , Carsi S. , Cirrincione D. , Clemenza M. , Colace L. , Danailov M.B. , Danev P. , de Bari A. , de Vecchi C. , Fasci E. , Gadedjisso-Tossou K.S. , Gaigher R. , Gianfrani L. , Hillier A.D. , Ishida K. , King P.J.C. , Maggi V. , Menegolli A. , Mocchiutti E. , Moretti L. , Morgante G. , Niemela J. , Petroselli C. , Pirri A. , Pizzolotto C. , Prata M.C. , Pullia A. , Pullia M. , Ramponi R. , Rossella M. , Sarkar R. , Sbrizzi A. , Stoilov M. , Suarez-Vargas J.J. , Toci G. , Tortora L. , Vallazza E.S. , Yokoyama K. , Vacchi A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The FAMU experiment at RIKEN-RAL is a muonic atom experiment with the aim to determine the Zemach radius of the proton by measuring the 1s hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen. The activity of the FAMU Collaboration in the years 2015–2023 enabled the final optimisation of the detector-target setup as well as the gas working condition in terms of temperature, pressure and gas mixture composition. The experiment has started its data taking in July 2023. The status of the detector setup for the 2023 experimental runs, for the beam characterisation and muonic X-ray detection in the 100–200 keV energy range, is presented and discussed.
Langmuir-probe measurement through the plasma grid aperture of hydrogen negative ion source
Authors: Rattanawongnara E. , Osakabe M. , Tsumori K. , Nakano H. , Nagaoka K. , Ikeda K. , Takeiri Y. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The extraction physics of negative-ion sources is still unknown because of the complication of the plasma-beam boundary (meniscus), which includes electronegative plasma, the magnetic field, and a surface production of negative ions. This paper shows results from Langmuir probe measurements inside of the extraction aperture (EA) and the criteria for locating the meniscus. The criteria are defined by the appearance and disappearance of Maxwellian feature of plasma. The result gives direct information on the location and shape of the plasma-beam boundary.
Spreading of an active region of semi-insulating GaAs detectors after radiation degradation
Authors: Sagatova A. , Kurucova N. , Necas V. , Kovacova E. , Zatko B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The radiation hardness of GaAs detectors against high-energy electrons goes up to a few MGy. Their degradation is mainly connected to the decrease of the charge collection efficiency and the increase of the reverse current. On the other hand, an improvement in detection efficiency was observed at low degradation doses. The explanation that this could be caused by an enlargement of the detector active area due to spreading of the collecting electric field caused by radiation-induced defects is studied in this paper. We have used the alpha particles of 241Am, which interact in the GaAs surface layer, to study the enlargement of the detector active region after its degradation by 5 MeV electrons with doses ranging from 24 to 2000 kGy. The results show that the electric field spreads behind the Schottky contact metallization edges not only with increasing applied reverse bias but also with rising cumulative dose of radiation degradation in the dose range from 24 up to 100 kGy, followed by a slight reduction in area size. The electric collecting field keeps larger dimensions than before detector degradation for doses up to 600 kGy. For higher doses than 1000 kGy, the active area of the detector was reduced below its initial size before degradation. Moreover, the improvement of detection efficiency with increasing bias applied becomes weaker with increasing degradation dose. Radiation degradation affects the electric field distribution in semi-insulating GaAs detectors and the results obtained may provide useful knowledge to preparation of multi-pixel GaAs structures for imaging and particle tracking.
A prototype electromagnetic calorimeter for the MUonE experiment: status and first performance results
Authors: Spedicato E. ,   the MUonE collaboration
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The MUonE experiment proposes a novel approach to determine the leading hadronic contribution to the muon g-2, from a precise measurement of the differential cross section of the μ-e elastic scattering, achievable by using the CERN SPS muon beam onto atomic electrons of a light target. The detector layout is modular, consisting of an array of identical tracking stations, each one made of a light target and silicon strip planes, followed by an electromagnetic calorimeter made of PbWO4 crystals with APD readout, placed after the last station, and a muon filter. The scattering particles are tracked without any magnetic field, and the event kinematics can be defined in a large phase space region from the expected correlation of the outgoing particle angles. The ambiguity affecting a specific region, with electron and muon outgoing with similar deflection angles, can be solved by identifying the electron track as the one with extrapolation matching the calorimeter cluster or the muon track by associating it to hits in the muon filter. The role of the calorimeter will be important for background estimate and reduction, and to assess systematic errors, providing some useful redundancy and allowing for alternative selections.
Beam tests are carried out at CERN with a prototype calorimeter to determine its calibration with both high energy (20–150 GeV) and low energy electrons (1–10 GeV). In late summer a pilot run is scheduled with up to three tracking stations and the calorimeter integrated within a common triggerless readout system. The main motivations for the MUonE calorimeter are discussed, and the status and first performance results will be presented.
3D-integrated pixel circuit for a low power and small pitch SOI sensor
Authors: Zhou Y. , Lu Y. , Zhou J. , Zhang H. , Dong J. , Zheng W. , Xu C. , Dong M. , Ouyang Q. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Targeting on low power consumption and high spatial resolution, the CPV-4 SOI pixel sensor has been developed. Its pixel circuit requires about 120 transistors to implement the analog-digital mixed signal processing functionality within a compact pixel area of 17 μm × 21 μm. By utilizing 3D vertical integration, sensing diode and analog front-end are realized in the lower-tier chip, while hit information storage and sparse readout are achieved in the upper-tier chip, thereby minimizing its pixel size and power consumption. This work presents the pixel circuit design and the test results on the completed 3D chips. The feature of SOI pixel process and the 3D integration are also highlighted in this article.
Coupler RF kick and emittance optimization of the SHINE injector
Authors: Guo Junjie , Gu Duan , Jiang Zenggong , Wang Zhen , Zhang Meng , Gu Qiang , Deng Haixiao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Coupler RF kick due to the asymmetric structure caused by
the coupler, is more likely to lead to emittance growth in the SHINE
injector with low beam energy. The calculation of coupler RF kick
and resulting emittance dilution has been studied in detail in the
literature. In this paper, a novel approach is provided that a
lossy material is placed on the surface of the superconducting
cavity to approximate the Q
0 of the TESLA cavity, and a frequency
solver of CST is used to simulate the electromagnetic field
distribution, which is used to calculate coupler RF kick, and
calibrated against the results of CST Particle Tracking Studio with
a good agreement. In order to minimize the emittance growth of SHINE
injector, a 1.3 GHz symmetric twin-coupler cavity is adoped in the
single-cavity cryomodule, and the rotational angle and permutation
of the 8 cavities in the 8-cavities cryomodule is
optimized. Ultimately, the optimized emittance is lower than the
design parameter.
Modulation of the impact of winter-mean warm Arctic-cold Eurasia pattern on Eurasian cold extremes by the subseasonal variability
Authors: Wang Sai , Ding Minghu , Li Guancheng , Chen Wen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Utilizing ERA5 data, this study provides evidence that both the winter-mean state and subseasonal variability (SSV) of the warm Arctic-cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern significantly influence the frequency of cold extremes in Eurasia. The positive phase of winter-mean WACE (WACEMean) or a stronger SSV of WACE (WACESSV) corresponds to a higher occurrence of cold extremes over central Eurasia and East Asia. Furthermore, the study reveals that the impact of WACEMean on the cold extremes is modulated by WACESSV. During years characterized by a positive WACEMean and enhanced WACESSV, the associated winter-mean anticyclonic anomalies, combined with amplified subseasonal circulation fluctuations over the northern Eurasia continent, contribute to a significant increase in the blocking frequency over the Ural–Siberia region. This, in turn, contributes to an intensified occurrence of cold extremes in central Eurasia and East Asia. In contrast, during the years with a positive WACEMean but reduced WACESSV, in the absence of significant changes in the subseasonal circulation fluctuations, the winter-mean anticyclonic anomalies over the northern Eurasia continent do not exert a significant impact on Ural–Siberian blocking frequency by themselves. Consequently, there are no notable anomalies in the frequency of cold extremes over central Eurasia and East Asia. Finally, this study reveals that the differences in the distribution of the frequency anomalies in the blocking between the two sets of years are attributed to the constructive and destructive superposition of anomalies in subseasonal circulation fluctuations related to the WACEMean and WACESSV.
Uncovering exceptional contours in non-Hermitian hyperbolic lattices
Authors: Chadha Nisarg , Narayan Awadhesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hyperbolic lattices are starting to be explored in search of novel phases of matter. At the same time, non-Hermitian physics has come to the forefront in photonic, optical, phononic, and condensed matter systems. In this work, we introduce non-Hermitian hyperbolic lattices and elucidate its exceptional properties in depth. We use hyperbolic Bloch theory to investigate band structures of hyperbolic lattices in the presence of non-Hermitian on-site gain and loss as well as non-reciprocal hopping. Using various analytical and numerical approaches we demonstrate widely accessible and tunable exceptional points (EPs) and contours in {10,5} tessellations, which we characterize using phase rigidity, energy scaling, and vorticity. We further demonstrate the occurrence of higher-order EPs and contours in the {8,4} tessellations using the method of Newton polygons, supported by vorticity and phase rigidity computations. Finally, we investigate the open boundary spectra and densities of states to compare with results from band theory, along with a demonstration of boundary localisation. Our results unveil an abundance of exceptional degeneracies in hyperbolic non-Hermitian matter.
Computational ghost imaging with adaptive intensity illumination for scenes featuring specular surfaces
Authors: Xiong Jiahao , Zhang Xuan , Fu Ai , Liu Hong-Chao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Imaging a target scene with specular surfaces is a daunting challenge for both direct imaging and indirect computational imaging techniques. The intense specular reflection component during the measurement severely degrades the quality of the reconstructed image, resulting in a substantial loss of scene information. To address this issue, we propose a computational ghost imaging (CGI) method with adaptive intensity illumination. Capitalizing on the encoded imaging feature of CGI, this method enables effective imaging of target scenes with specular surfaces through two series of measurements, eliminating the necessity for additional optical components. Based on the position and intensity information of pixels in the specular regions from the first series of measurements, our method modulates the illumination patterns to weaken the intensity of the specular region in the second series of measurements. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the utilization of these modulated illumination patterns for target scene measurement effectively mitigates interference from the specular surface during imaging. Consequently, the reconstructed image is capable of presenting more detailed information about the target scene other than the specular regions. Our work introduces a novel approach for imaging target scenes with specular surfaces and broadens the scope of applications for CGI in reality.
Effect of Sr and Nb co-doped on the total conductivity of Li0.5La0.5TiO3 ceramic electrolytes
Authors: Wu Qi Yun , Zheng Deyi , Mao Run Yu , Liu Chang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The solid electrolyte Li0.5La0.5TiO3 is widely used in solid-state batteries due to its high grain conductivity at room temperature (RT). However, the ever-increasing requirement for high ionic conductivity necessitates the improvement of its total conductivity. In this study, tuning the total conductivity of perovskite-type La2/3-xLi3xTiO3 (LLTO) membranes through a co-doping strategy was proposed and systematically investigated, Here, an Li0.5−y+x
Sr
x
La0.5−x
Ti1−y
Nb
y
O3 (LLSTN, x = 0, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 mol%) ceramic solid electrolyte was prepared via the conventional solid-state reaction method. The introduction of Sr2+ and Nb5+ increases the lithium-ion vacancies and transforms the Li0.5La0.5TiO3 crystal structure from tetragonal to cubic. On the other hand, the lattice constant becomes larger, causing the migration channel of the lithium ions to become larger. Meanwhile, with the increase of Nb5+ doping amount, lithium lanthanum niobate forms between grains, inhibiting grain growth and it helps to reduce the resistance of lithium ion migration at grain boundaries. The total conductivity of sample Li0.5La0.42Sr0.08Ti0.92Nb0.08O3 reaches 5.10 × 10−5S·cm−1 at RT, which is about six times higher than that of the undoped sample, and the activation energy is 0.28 eV.
Enhanced acetone detection for non-invasive diabetes monitoring by atomic layer deposited WO3 nanoparticle on hierarchical In2O3 particles
Authors: Sun Xiaojie , Wang Jun , Wang Yingbin , Zhang Bo , Liang Yong , Liu Yiqian , Duan Shaobo , Guo Wanli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study addressed the critical need for non-invasive monitoring of diabetes by proposing an acetone gas sensor based on hierarchical In2O3 with atomic layer deposition (ALD)-deposited WO3 nanoparticles. The sensor fabrication involved a carefully designed process, leveraging ALD to control WO3 deposition, ensuring uniform distribution, and mitigating agglomeration. The resulting composite exhibited enhanced sensitivity, making it promising for detecting acetone, a key biomarker for diabetes. Material synthesis, including hydrothermal formation of In2O3 hierarchy particles and ALD of WO3, was meticulously conducted. Comprehensive characterizations, involving SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, XPS, and BET, validated the successful synthesis and deposition. The sensor’s response to varying acetone concentrations (50–2000 ppb) was systematically investigated, revealing a positive correlation. The In2O3/WO3–2 sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity, attributed to the catalytic properties of WO3. The proposed sensor presented a cost-effective, sensitive, and selective solution, paving the way for non-invasive diabetes monitoring.
Triboelectric ‘electrostatic tweezers’ for manipulating droplets on lubricated slippery surfaces prepared by femtosecond laser processing
Authors: Yong Jiale , Li Xinlei , Hu Youdi , Peng Yubin , Cheng Zilong , Xu Tianyu , Wang Chaowei , Wu Dong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The use of ‘Electrostatic tweezers’ is a promising tool for droplet manipulation, but it faces many limitations in manipulating droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. Here, we achieve noncontact and multifunctional droplet manipulation on Nepenthes-inspired lubricated slippery surfaces via triboelectric electrostatic tweezers (TETs). The TET manipulation of droplets on a slippery surface has many advantages over electrostatic droplet manipulation on a superhydrophobic surface. The electrostatic field induces the redistribution of the charges inside the neutral droplet, which causes the triboelectric charged rod to drive the droplet to move forward under the electrostatic force. Positively or negatively charged droplets can also be driven by TET based on electrostatic attraction and repulsion. TET enables us to manipulate droplets under diverse conditions, including anti-gravity climb, suspended droplets, corrosive liquids, low-surface-tension liquids (e.g. ethanol with a surface tension of 22.3 mN·m−1), different droplet volumes (from 100 nl to 0.5 ml), passing through narrow slits, sliding over damaged areas, on various solid substrates, and even droplets in an enclosed system. Various droplet-related applications, such as motion guidance, motion switching, droplet-based microreactions, surface cleaning, surface defogging, liquid sorting, and cell labeling, can be easily achieved with TETs.
A review on the state of the art of dynamic voltage restorer: topologies, operational modes, compensation methods, and control algorithms
Authors: Shah Muhammad Shahzaib , Ullah Mian Farhan , Nouman Danish , Khan Muhammad Adnan , Khan Tahir , Waseem Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Enhancing and regulating power quality is a fundamental necessity in any industry reliant on power, aiming for the optimal utilization of resources. The power quality challenges, including sags, swells, harmonic distortions, and interruptions, have been acknowledged as critical issues. Among these, sags and swells are prevalent and can significantly impact electrical devices or machines, necessitating swift compensation to prevent malfunction or failure. Custom power devices such as the Unified Power-Quality Conditioner (UPQC), Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM), and Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) are employed to address these issues. The DVR, a custom power device specifically designed for compensating voltage sags and swells, offers the advantage of active/reactive power control. A considerable body of literature over the past years has explored various DVR configurations and control techniques. This comprehensive review focuses on DVRs, presenting diverse power circuit topologies and control techniques available to address power quality issues. Noteworthy advancements in DVR technology include the incorporation of advanced control algorithms, facilitating more accurate voltage tracking and precise injection of compensating voltage. These algorithms can be implemented through digital signal processors (DSPs) or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), ensuring rapid and precise DVR control. Furthermore, the adoption of high-frequency inverters in DVRs represents a significant development. These inverters operate at much higher frequencies than traditional counterparts, enabling quicker switching and the injection of a more precise compensating voltage. This review aims to assist in selecting optimal control strategies and power circuits for DVRs tailored to specific requirements, providing valuable insights for researchers in this field.