bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Electron Broadening in Strong Magnetic Fields. II. Large Enhancements due to Exchange Interactions
Authors: Gomez Thomas A. , Zammit Mark C. , Bray Igor , Fontes Christopher J. , White Jackson R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a quantum treatment of atom–electron collisions in magnetic fields, demonstrating the significant importance of including the effect of exchange that arises from two interacting electrons. We find strange behaviors that are not encountered in collisions without a magnetic field. In high magnetic fields, exchange can lead to orders of magnitude enhancements of collision cross sections. Additionally, the elastic collision cross sections that involve the ground state become comparable to those involving excited states, and states with large orbits have the largest contribution to the collisions. We anticipate significant changes to spectral line broadening in neutron star surfaces and atmospheres.
Secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with low dose apixaban or rivaroxaban: results from a patient population with more than 2 years of median follow-up
Authors: Laganà Alessandro , Assanto Giovanni Manfredi , Masucci Chiara , Passucci Mauro , Donzelli Livia , Serrao Alessandra , Baldacci Erminia , Santoro Cristina , Chistolini Antonio 
Published: February 2024

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely used for the treatment and secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Nowadays, DOACs represent the gold standard for long-term anticoagulation, with low-intensity DOACs administration becoming increasingly used worldwide in such scenario. Albeit low-intensity apixaban and rivaroxaban are approved for clinical usage as secondary VTE prophylaxis, there are few literature data regarding their efficacy and safety with a long follow-up.
Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose DOACs for VTE secondary prophylaxis, in patients at high risk of VTE recurrence.
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who required long-term anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrent VTE, treated with apixaban 2.5 mg BID or rivaroxaban 10 mg daily with a follow-up ≥ 12 months.
Results: The examined patients were 323. The median low-dose DOACs administration time was 25.40 months (IQR 13.93-45.90). Twelve (3.7%) VTE recurrences were observed; 21 bleeding events were registered (6.5%), including one episode of MB (0.3%), 8 CRNMB (2.5%) and 12 minor bleeding (3.7%). No statistically significant difference in the rate of VTE recurrence and/or bleeding events emerged between rivaroxaban and apixaban groups. Patients included in the study for multiple episodes of VTE presented a significant higher risk of a new VTE recurrence during low-intensity DOAC.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that low-dose DOACs may be effective and safe in the secondary VTE prophylaxis in patients at high risk of VTE recurrence, but attention might be needed in their choice in such scenario for patients who experienced multiple episodes of VTE.
Coexistence of multiple gene variants in some patients with erythrocytoses
Authors: Benetti Andrea , Bertozzi, PhD, MD Irene , Ceolotto Giulio , Cortella Irene , Regazzo Daniela , Biagetti Giacomo , Cosi Elisabetta , Randi, MD, Prof Maria Luigia 
Published: February 2024

Background: Erythrocytosis is a relatively common condition, however a large proportion of these patients (70%) remain without a clear etiologic explanation.
Methods: We set up a targeted NGS panel for patients with erythrocytosis and 118 sporadic patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis were studied.
Results: In 40 (34%) patients no variant was found while in 78 (66%) we identified at least one germinal variant; 55 patients (70.5%) had 1 altered gene, 18 (23%) had 2 alterations, and 5 (6.4%) had 3. An altered HFE gene was observed in 51 cases (57.1%), EGLN1 in 18 (22.6%) and EPAS1, EPOR, JAK2, and TFR2 variants in 7.7%, 10.3%, 11.5%, and 14.1% patients, respectively. In 23 patients (19.45%), more than 1 putative variant was found in multiple genes.
Conclusions: Genetic variants in patients with erythrocytosis were detected in about 2/3 of our cohort. A NGS panel including more candidate genes should reduce the number of cases diagnosed as “idiopathic” erythrocytosis in whom a cause cannot yet be identified. It is known that HFE variants are common in idiopathic erythrocytosis. TFR2 alterations supports the existence of a relationship between genes involved in iron metabolism and impaired erythropoiesis. Some novel multiple variants were identified. Erythrocytosis appears to be often of multigenic nature.
Clinical signs and treatment of New-onset Bone marrow failure associated SARS-CoV-2 infection in Children : a single institution prospective cohort study .
Authors: Youssef Mervat A M , Hmed Ebtisam Shawky , Kamal Dalia Tarik , Elsayh, Khalid , Abdelfatta Mai A , Mahran Hyam Hassan Mahran , Embaby Mostafa  M 
Published: February 2024

Viral infections can cause direct and indirect damage to hematopoietic stem cells.
The objectives of this study were to identify the frequency and severity of aplastic anemia in Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2) infected children as well as recognition of the response to treatment
Methodology: 13 children with newly-diagnosed severe aplastic anemia enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. Blood samples were obtained from all patients to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction to detect SARS-CoV-2 viruses. According to the laboratory results, patients were classified in to SARS-CoV-2 positive antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 negative antibodies . Both groups received combined cyclosporine (CsA) + Eltrombopag (E-PAG). The hematological response either complete response (CR)or partial response (PR), no response (NR) and overall response (OR) rates of combined E-PAG + CsA treatment after 6 months were evaluated.
Results: Four children were recognized to have aplastic anemia and SARS-CoV-2 positive antibodies. Two patients fulfilled the hematological criteria for CR and no longer required transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) or platelets and one had PR and were still PRBC transfusion-dependent but no longer required platelet transfusion. The remaining patient showed NR and he had died before reaching the top of the HSCT waiting list. Moreover, six patients in the SARS-CoV-2 negative antibodies group had CR while three patients had PR. The difference in ANC, Hg, and platelet counts between both groups was not significant.
Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 virus is added to several viral infections known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of aplastic anaemia. Studies are needed to establish a definitive association and determine whether the response of bone marrow failure to standard therapy differ from that of idiopathic cases.
The Gyan Burman Fellowship in gastrointestinal surgery at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital: A global perspective based on feedback from former fellows
Authors: Pandya Sameer Mukundkumar , Nundy Samiran , Tiwari Parmanand 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The 3-month Gyan Burman Fellowship (GBF) in Surgical Gastroenterology and Liver Transplantation at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in New Delhi has been offered to aspiring surgeons worldwide since 2003. Using a questionnaire, we evaluated whether the experience had been useful to its past candidates.

Aims:
Our aim was to evaluate how useful the experience had been to its past candidates.

Materials and Methods:
We sent a standard questionnaire online to 100 of the 138 fellows whom we were able to contact and who had graduated up to 31st December 2022. The data were collected on pre-designed data sheets, entered in a computer and analysed.

Results:
We received 69 responses. Sixty-one (88.4%) were male, and 8 (11.6%) were female. They came from 15 different developing countries. The GBF was the primary choice for training for 59 (85.5%), and 40 (58%) came because they did not have any equivalent training available locally. They said that overall the 3-month fellowship had had a positive impact on both the careers of the trainees and their respective regions’ healthcare. The experience was reported to have been excellent by 40 (60%).

Conclusion:
The 3-month GBF has been useful to most of its candidates and has provided them with knowledge on the quality of their surgical care in their local healthcare centres.
Qualitative Analysis of Sanitation Management in Residential Area around Gampong Jawa Landfill in 2021 Based on Fly Distribution Pattern
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Sarong Muhammad Ali , Mudatsir Mudatsir , Marlina Marlina , Sayuthi Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Residents are concerned about the presence of flies, especially in areas near landfills, so it is important to study the distribution patterns of fly communities and community responses to the presence of flies. This study focuses on two main topics: fly distribution in various zones and people’s perspectives on fly prevention initiatives.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected by dividing the sampling location into four clusters and collecting data three times per day (morning, noon, and afternoon). Flypaper was used to collect the insects, which were then separated based on their morphology. The data were tabulated and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener equation for the diversity index, and the Morisita index equation for the distribution pattern. The observation was then continued by asking people about the existence of the fly community.

Results:
Cluster 4 has the strongest dynamics with varying absolute density. The morning has the highest absolute density, with an average of 26.56. The findings of the relative density analysis suggest that Musca domestica has the highest percentage, with an average percentage of 74.36%. Only 45% of respondents took actions to combat the presence of flies. The study’s findings also revealed that 97% of the population had never been socialized about sanitary management and attempts to control fly communities.

Conclusions:
Community sanitation, the prevalence of trash, and the presence of insects are not successfully regulated. The residential sector of the Gampong Jawa Community, which has the most direct access to the landfill, is at a higher risk of getting affected by hazardous diseases conveyed by flies.
Fractional Order Predictive Proportional Integral Control of pH in Effluents of Industrial Plants
Authors: Mary J. Susai , Hemavathy P. R. , Kiran S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim:
A robust and advanced controller for pH monitoring and control is necessary in industrial processes inorder to treat the effluents to protect the flora and fauna in the environment. Advanced controllers such as fractional controllers could be used for effective control with increased accuracy and reliability.

Materials and Methods:
This study includes a comparison of conventional controllers with advanced fractional order controllers to improve the performance of pH control in effluents from the industrial plants.

Results:
A fractional order predictive proportional integral (FOPPI) controller for effective control of pH was designed and simulated. This controller includes the advantages of a smith predictor for dead time compensation and the robustness of a fractional order controller. The presented method shows an improvement in control performance in terms of rise time (32 s), settling time (140 s), lesser oscillations (2%), and lesser integral of the absolute error of 171.

Conclusion:
FOPPI provides efficient control of pH in all regions of the titration curve and can be used for the control of pH in industrial waste water.
Developing an intelligent prediction system for successful aging based on artificial neural networks
Authors: Nopour Raoof , Kazemi-Arpanahi Hadi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Due to the growing number of disabilities in elderly, Attention to this period of life is essential to be considered. Few studies focused on the physical, mental, disabilities, and disorders affecting the quality of life in elderly people. SA1 is related to various factors influencing the elderly’s life. So, the objective of the current study is to build an intelligent system for SA prediction through ANN2 algorithms to investigate better all factors affecting the elderly life and promote them.

Methods:
This study was performed on 1156 SA and non-SA cases. We applied statistical feature reduction method to obtain the best factors predicting the SA. Two models of ANNs with 5, 10, 15, and 20 neurons in hidden layers were used for model construction. Finally, the best ANN configuration was obtained for predicting the SA using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and cross-entropy loss function.

Results:
The study showed that 25 factors correlated with SA at the statistical level of P < 0.05. Assessing all ANN structures resulted in FF-BP3 algorithm having the configuration of 25-15-1 with accuracy-train of 0.92, accuracy-test of 0.86, and accuracy-validation of 0.87 gaining the best performance over other ANN algorithms.

Conclusions:
Developing the CDSS for predicting SA has crucial role to effectively inform geriatrics and health care policymakers decision making.
Publication Rates of Abstracts Presented at Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society Annual Meetings
Authors: Korbal Tara , Rivera Jessica C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Annual scientific meetings are intended in part to provide initial dissemination of research findings directly to meeting participants. However, the eventual publication of research findings is important for dissemination to the broader medical and scientific communities. The Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction Society: ASAMI–North America (LLRS) annual meetings showcase important research and case studies in the field of limb reconstruction pertinent to an international community of surgeons. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the publication rates of abstracts from recent LLRS annual meetings.

Materials and Methods:
Annual meeting programs from six LLRS annual meetings from 2014 to 2021 were cataloged. Listed abstract titles and authors were then queried in PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Journal of Limb Lengthen and Reconstruction to determine if a corresponding work was published journal up to December 2022 and time to publication.

Results:
During all studied annual meetings, 249 abstracts were presented. By December 2022, 60% (161/269) were published. The longest time to publication was 6 years following the presented annual meeting, whereas the meantime to publication was 21 months. The top publishing journals were the Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, the Journal of Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction, and Strategies in Trauma and Limb Reconstruction.

Discussion:
The LLRS annual meeting abstracts lead to a corresponding publication at rates revealing other orthopedic subspecialty societies. However, there are opportunities to improve these rates by continuing to promote the LLRS partnering journals including the Journal of Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction.
Evaluating the Accuracy of AI-Based Software vs Human Interpretation in the Diagnosis of Dental Caries Using Intraoral Radiographs: An RCT
Authors: Das Maneesha , Shahnawaz Kamil , Raghavendra Koti , Kavitha R. , Nagareddy Bharath , Murugesan Sabari 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental caries is a prevalent oral health issue, often diagnosed through intraoral radiographs. The accuracy of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in diagnosing dental caries from these radiographs is a subject of growing interest

Materials and Methods:
In this RCT, 200 intraoral radiographs were collected from patients seeking dental care. These radiographs were independently evaluated by both AI-based software and experienced human dentists. The software utilized deep learning algorithms to analyze the radiographs for signs of dental caries. The performance of both AI and human interpretations was compared by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy. Arbitrary values of 85% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 88% overall accuracy were set as benchmarks.

Results:
The AI-based software demonstrated a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 91%, and an overall accuracy of 89% in diagnosing dental caries from intraoral radiographs. Human interpretation, however, yielded a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 88%, and an overall accuracy of 86%. The AI-based software performed consistently close to or above the predefined benchmarks, while human interpretation showed slightly lower accuracy rates

Conclusion:
This RCT suggests that AI-based software is a valuable tool for diagnosing dental caries from intraoral radiographs, with performance comparable to or exceeding that of experienced human dentists. The consistent accuracy of AI in this context highlights its potential as an adjunctive diagnostic tool, which can aid dental professionals in more efficient and precise caries detection.
A Study to Investigate Parents’ Satisfaction and Concerns Regarding the Different Sedation Options Available for Pediatric Oral Surgery
Authors: Mathew Sujo , Yeshodharan Venu , Jacob Tharun V. , Kiran R. Raahee , Anshad Z. , George Jumaly 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pediatric oral surgery often necessitates the use of sedation to ensure patient comfort and cooperation. This study examines parents’ satisfaction and concerns regarding the various sedation options available for their children’s oral surgery, aiming to improve the overall patient experience

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was employed, with a sample size of 500 parents or guardians of children who had undergone pediatric oral surgery with sedation. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, satisfaction with sedation methods, and common concerns.

Results:
The study revealed a high level of satisfaction among parents, with 80% reporting satisfaction or very high satisfaction with the sedation process. However, specific concerns were identified, including fear of sedation complications, concerns about long-term effects, child anxiety or trauma, perceived lack of control, and communication with the healthcare team

Conclusion:
The findings highlight the importance of clear communication and education for parents and guardians in the context of pediatric oral surgery.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Different Techniques for the Management of Dental Implant Peri-Implant Mucositis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gupta Bharti , Gupta Shekhar , Divya Divya , Dev Shruti Vishal , Bhola Surabhi , Guruprasad Yadavalli 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental implant peri-implant mucositis is a prevalent complication that can lead to implant failure if left untreated. Various management techniques have been proposed, but their comparative effectiveness remains unclear of dental implant peri-implant mucositis

Materials and Methods:
A total of 120 patients with peri-implant mucositis were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group A received mechanical debridement alone, Group B received mechanical debridement with adjunctive antiseptic mouthwash, Group C underwent laser therapy, and Group D received a combination of mechanical debridement and systemic antibiotics. Clinical parameters, including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and plaque index (PI), were recorded at baseline and after a three-month follow-up period.

Results:
At the three-month follow-up, significant improvements were observed in all treatment groups. However, Group D, which received a combination of mechanical debridement and systemic antibiotics, showed the most substantial reduction in BOP (mean reduction of 78.2%), PPD (mean reduction of 2.5 mm), and PI (mean reduction of 1.7). Group C, treated with laser therapy, demonstrated the second-best outcomes with a mean reduction of 65.4% in BOP, 2.0 mm in PPD, and 1.3 in PI. Groups A and B showed moderate improvements, with no statistically significant differences between them

Conclusion:
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) suggests that a combination of mechanical debridement and systemic antibiotics (Group D) is the most effective treatment for managing dental implant peri-implant mucositis, yielding superior clinical outcomes compared to other techniques.
Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Saad Khaled , Shabaan Islam , Hassan Abd-El-Monem M. , Ezzat Mohamed , Abouzed Mohamed A. , Hamed Yasser , Ibrahim Mohamed Fahmy M. , Gad Eman F. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Numerous therapeutic and dietary interventions have been examined in the last thirty years for pediatric patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our interventional study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diet in a cohort of Egyptian children with ASD

Materials and Methods:
The present clinical trial was conducted as a prospective 12-month, open-label, case-controlled interventional study. Thirty-six ASD children who were newly diagnosed and had not taken any prior psychiatric or rehabilitation therapy were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups: group A, which received the GFCF diet, and group B, which served as the control group and was not restricted to food containing gluten and casein for 12 months. All patients were followed up for 1 year.

Results:
Following the implementation of the GFCF diet in group A, significant improvements in CARS scores were observed compared to group B after 6-month and 1-year follow-up periods.

Conclusions:
The introduction of the GFCF diet could be helpful and promising for autistic children. Conclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of the GFCF diet remains a subject of controversy. Nonetheless, our study contributes some evidence supporting its potential benefits for children with ASD. It is recommended that future research on the GFCF diet employ a more sophisticated research design, incorporating a consistent baseline measure that can effectively assess the therapeutic effects of these interventions for individuals with ASD.
Comparing Radiation Doses in CBCT and Medical CT Imaging for Dental Applications
Authors: Zaman Mahmud U. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
We are always concerned about radiation exposure during dental imaging procedures. We explore the crucial differences in radiation doses between Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Medical computed tomography (CT) imaging, aiming to shed light on the safety and efficiency of these techniques

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using state-of-the-art dental imaging equipment. We employed phantoms that simulated real dental scenarios, ensuring accuracy in our measurements. The radiation doses were measured with precision dosimeters, and various exposure settings were tested to obtain a comprehensive dataset.

Results:
Our findings reveal substantial differences in radiation doses between CBCT and Medical CT for dental applications. In the case of CBCT, the average effective dose was found to be approximately 100 microsieverts (μSv), making it a preferable choice for routine dental imaging. Medical CT, on the other hand, yielded significantly higher radiation exposure, with an average effective dose exceeding 500 μSv, emphasizing its need for specific clinical scenarios

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the choice between CBCT and Medical CT for dental applications should be made with careful consideration of radiation dose implications. CBCT emerges as the safer and more efficient option for routine dental imaging, offering a lower radiation burden to patients while still delivering high-quality diagnostic images. However, Medical CT may be necessary for specialized cases where the additional radiation risk is justified by diagnostic requirements.