bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Nucleo-Olivary Stimulation on Climbing Fiber EPSPs in Purkinje Cells
Authors: Öhman Josefine , Sjölin Elias , Cundari Maurizio , Johansson Fredrik , Gilbert Mike , Boele Henk-Jan , Svensson Pär , Rasmussen Anders 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimbing fibers, connecting the inferior olive and Purkinje cells, form the nervous system's strongest neural connection. These fibers activate after critical events like motor errors or anticipation of rewards, leading to bursts of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in Purkinje cells. The number of EPSPs is a crucial variable when the brain is learning a new motor skill. Yet, we do not know what determines the number of EPSPs. Here, we measured the effect of nucleo-olivary stimulation on periorbital elicited climbing fiber responses through in-vivo intracellular Purkinje cell recordings in decerebrated ferrets. The results show that while nucleo-olivary stimulation decreased the probability of a response occurring at all, it did not reduce the number of EPSPs. The results suggest that nucleo-olivary stimulation does not influence the number of EPSPs in climbing fiber bursts.
Pages of Earth History in an Exceptional Uniqueness: The Geo-Heritage of the Sila National Park and its Spheroidal Boulders Geosite (Northern Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Muto Francesco , Biondino Deborah , Crisci Gino Mirocle , Marabini Stefano , Procopio Fabio , Scarciglia Fabio , Vai Gian Battista 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe knowledge of the territory that people inhabit, the awareness of the geological heritage value and its management are aimed both at the benefit of local socio-economic sustainable development goals and at promoting geopark-inclined geotourism through actions which identify potential geosites or enhance those already assessed. The objective of this study is focused on the geoheritage exploration of the Sila massif area, in southern Italy, in order to illustrate the high “geological diversity” like first step for inherent potential geotourism. The Sila landscape exhibits a rich geodiversity to give value, but it is poorly known to the public, although it has been and is the subject of many national and international scientific works. The focus of this work is to enhance the geological, geomorphological and landscape uniqueness of a Sila area, characterized by the presence of a wide range of weathering products and morphologies as a result of geological and geomorphological events and processes, in a variety of temporal and spatial scales, which have an influence on the development and evolution of reliefs and landscape, giving rise to the three geosites: Sila Spheroidal Boulder Field Geosite, Sila Sand Geosite and Sila Paleosols Geosite. These sites of geological interest were subjected to quantitative assessment in terms of the scientific, educational, touristic values and degradation risk of geosites.
The decision maker’s lament: If I only had some science!
Authors: Bisbal Gustavo A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnvironmental decision makers lament instances in which the lack of actionable science limits confident decision-making. Their reaction when the needed scientific information is of poor quality, uninformative, unintelligible, or altogether absent is often to criticize scientists, their work, or science in general. The considerations offered here encourage decision makers to explore alternative approaches to alleviate their disappointment. Ironically, many researchers lament the lack of support for the science they wish to deliver and accuse decision makers of failing to realize the value of the scientific studies they propose. Both communities would benefit by remembering that producing actionable science for a pending decision requires knowing the context for that decision beforehand. They may also look inward. Only then will they find answers to the question: What can I do within my own capacity to ensure that the necessary actionable science becomes available and facilitate its use to inform decisions?
Gathering strengths and building capitals: engaging Chinese immigrant grandparents in a collaborative project
Authors: Guo Karen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The significance of family involvement in early childhood services has been recognised as crucial for enhancing the educational outcomes of young children, particularly among those from minority and immigration backgrounds. Extensive research has been conducted on collaborative practices between immigrant parents and early childhood communities, but it may be useful to pursue further efforts targeting immigrant grandparents, given their substantial influence on children’s learning and development. This study reports one initiative that involves a team comprising council officers, early childhood educators and Chinese grandparents within a local government area in Australia to design and implement a collaborative project that gathers capitals and strengths in order to support grandparents’ active engagement in Chinese immigrant children’s learning while enhancing their confidence in working with early childhood educators and local communities. Unlike other parenting programmes that aims to enhance parents’ knowledge and practices, this project elicits and celebrates working strategies of everyone involved. Employing the concepts of symbolic capital and strengths-based approach as theoretical frameworks, the flow of resources, strengths and values is embedded in this collaborative effort as an overarching theme. This paper explores how the theme is realised in the project process through workshops, reflective meetings and online and face to face discussions.
Populist Jurisprudence? Examining Selected Case Law of the Polish Constitutional Court After 2016
Authors: Stambulski Michał 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSince the parliamentary elections in 2015 and the subsequent change in the personal composition of the Polish Constitutional Court, this institution is in crisis. The Court, once one of the main guardians of the rule of law and a model for the constitutional judiciary in the region of Central and Eastern Europe, is criticized. Judges are accused of lack of proper appointment and party subordination. Court activities are perceived as part of illiberal democracy and populist constitutionalism, that is, introducing majority rule by “switching off” the checks and balances mechanisms by democratically elected parties and groups. However, what is often overlooked in this type of analysis is the more internal perspective of jurisprudence and legal reasoning. What kind of decisions does the “populist” constitutional court issue? How does it justify its decisions? The paper will discuss three cases of the Polish Constitutional Court. The first case is from 2017 and concerns the right of assembly in connection with the introduction of a special category of “cyclical assemblies”. The second, of 2019, is the so-called “printer case”, which concerned the possibility of refusing to provide a service for reasons of conscience (a refusal to print a poster because of opposition to “LGBT promotion”). The third case is the controversial ruling narrowing access to abortion from 2020. The aim of the analysis is to answer the question of whether the current jurisprudence of the Court is the breaking or continuation of the previously dominant liberal constitutionalism. I will be particularly interested in whether these decisions introduce any changes at the level of possible rights holders (legal subjects), the introduction of a new or changed scope of existing rights, and new ways of resolving conflicts between rights.
Boundedness of Solutions to a Fully Parabolic Indirect Pursuit–Evasion Predator–Prey System with Density-Dependent Diffusion in $${{\mathbb{R}}}^2$$
Authors: Zeng Fugeng , Wang Dongxiu , Huang Lei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with a fully parabolic indirect pursuit–evasion predator–prey system with density-dependent diffusion

$$u_{t}=\Delta (\psi _1(w)u)+u(\lambda -u+\alpha v), v_{t}=\Delta (\psi _2(z) v)+v(\mu -v-\beta u), w_{t}=\Delta w -w+v, z_{t}=\Delta z-z+u$$

u
t

=
Δ

(

ψ
1

(
w
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)

+
u

(
λ
-
u
+
α
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)

,

v
t

=
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ψ
2

(
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+
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(
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,

w
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=
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w
-
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v
,

z
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-
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under a smooth bounded domain

$$\Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}}^2$$

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⊂

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2

with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where the parameters

$$\lambda , \mu , \alpha$$

λ
,
μ
,
α

and

$$\beta$$

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are assumed to be positive. Through the establishment of appropriate conditions for the density-dependent diffusion functions

$$\psi _1(w)$$

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and

$$\psi _2(z),$$

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,

it is revealed that a unique classical solution exists for the corresponding initial-boundary problem, which remains uniformly bounded over time.
Securitizing high-technology industries: South Korea–Japan dispute over materials–parts–equipment products
Authors: Koo Min Gyo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Japan–Korea whitelist dispute (2019–2023) embodies key features of interstate disputes related to economic statecraft ideas. Against the backdrop of the legal dispute over Japan’s “essential security interests” claim based on GATT Article 21 (Security Exceptions), this study analyzes South Korea’s response to the whitelist dispute, with a focus on its materials–parts–equipment localization policy. The findings indicate that the policy process and outcomes align with very few of the criteria suggested by the new industrial policy literature. Notably, the policy’s goals and tools were driven by ideology rather than by science, and the implementing agency—The Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy—while competent, was politically captured. In conclusion, this study suggests that policymakers should purposefully and consciously connect security with trade or implement industrial policies within a well-defined strategic framework.
HORIZONTAL WATERMILL CHRONOLOGIES BASED ON 14C DATING OF ORGANICS IN MORTARS: A CASE STUDY FROM JARASH, JORDAN
Authors: Boyer David 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTHorizontal watermills in the southern Levant have proved difficult to date. This study investigates the use of radiocarbon (14C) dating of various organic carbon fractions in structural mortars and carbonate deposits to identify terminus post quem (TPQ) construction dates for seven arubah watermills and two chute watermills in northern Jordan. Dating results from the various organic fractions are discussed in the contexts of carbon fraction integrity and mortar type. The arubah watermill construction dates fall into two chronological groups. Four arubah watermills have Middle Islamic (late 12th to early 14th century AD) construction dates based on macrocharcoal and bulk organic fraction ages, whereas the bulk organic fraction ages of two earlier arubah watermills straddle the Byzantine-Early Islamic transition. Their possible fifth to seventh-century construction dates are among the earliest in the southern Levant. Limited 14C data from the chute water mills suggests that the earliest may date to the sixth–seventh century period, concurrent with the older arubah watermills. The study supports the viability of the AMS 14C method to provide estimated TPQ construction dates for watermills, providing caution is exercised. Short-lived macrocharcoals have the highest integrity but are subject to severe sample loss during pretreatment. 14C ages from humic and humin fractions in earthen mortars are influenced by “old carbon” contamination, possibly a soil reservoir effect, and are centuries older than the probable construction date. Attention is drawn to the potential use of arubah carbonate deposits as proxy records of water flow, watermill use, and hydroclimate.
Unveiling the Intricacies of the Inner Ear Anatomy: Novel 3D-Printed Model for Detailed Visualization and Functional Demonstrations
Authors: Wu Shou-Wu , Nian Zhong-Zhu , Lin Wen , Zhang Xiao-Dong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis research aimed to print realistically detailed and magnified three-dimensional models of the inner ear, specifically focusing on visualising its complex labyrinth structure and functioning simulation.MethodsTemporal bone computed-tomography data were imported into Mimics software to construct an initial three-dimensional inner-ear model. Subsequently, the model was amplified and printed with precision using a three-dimensional printer. Five senior attending physicians evaluated the printed model using a Likert scale to gauge its morphological accuracy, clinical applicability and anatomical teaching value.ResultsThe printed inner-ear model effectively demonstrated the intricate internal structure. All five physicians agreed that the model closely resembled the real inner ear in shape and structure, and simulated certain inner-ear functions. The model was considered highly valuable for understanding anatomical structure and disorders.ConclusionThe three-dimensionally printed inner-ear model is highly simulated and provides a valuable visual tool for studying inner-ear anatomy and clinical teaching, benefiting otologists.
Partnerships between private landowners and conservationists to protect one of the most evolutionarily distinct amphibians
Authors: Valenzuela-Sánchez Andrés , Miranda Sebastián , Moreno-Gonzalez Ricardo , Gerding Julio , Catrileo Rayen , Guillemot Jules , Delgado-Oyarzún Soledad , Núñez Maricela , Cunningham Andrew A. , Zapararte María Belén 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Wildlife conservation on private land is an important approach that is increasingly utilized to protect biodiversity and can help contribute to the 30 by 30 target of the Global Biodiversity Framework. In 2018, a Chilean non-profit conservation organization launched a land conservation programme aiming to build long-term partnerships with private landowners to protect critical habitat for threatened amphibians in Chilean Patagonia. Here we describe a new locality record of the micro-endemic, Endangered Barrio's frog Insuetophrynus acarpicus found at a site that joined the programme in 2020. Barrio's frog is ranked 11th in the list of Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered amphibians. Our systematic literature search showed that most aspects of the natural history and ecology of this species are unknown, limiting our ability to provide actionable science to inform its conservation. The newly described Barrio's frog population is the eighth known locality of this species and one of only three occurring within a protected area. Habitat quality assessments indicated optimal conditions for most of the measured habitat parameters in the high-gradient stream where the species occurs. This case study illustrates that long-term partnerships between private landowners and conservationists can be used as an effective tool to protect the habitat of highly threatened amphibians.
Electrocardiographic proarrhythmic changes in pregnancy of women with CHD
Authors: Weismann Constance G. , Wedlund Frida , Ryd Thuva Lindblad , von Wowern Emma , Hlebowicz Joanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectives:Pregnancy-related physiological adaptations result in increased heart rate as well as electrocardiographic changes such as a mean QTc prolongation of 27 ms. Pregnant women with CHD are at increased risk for cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for abnormally prolonged QTc interval—a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias—in pregnant women with CHD.Material and method:Retrospective longitudinal single-centre study. Pre-pregnancy demographic and electrocardiographic risk factors for abnormal QTc duration during pregnancy of (a) > 460 ms and (b) >27 ms increase were analyzed.Results:Eighty-three pregnancies in 63 women were included, of which three had documented arrhythmias. All five Modified World Health Organization Classification of Maternal Cardiovascular Risk (mWHO) classes were represented, with 15 pregnancies (18.1%) in mWHO class I, 26 (31.3%) in mWHO II, 28 (33.7%) in mWHO II-III, 11 (13.3%) in mWHO III, and three pregnancies (3.6%) in mWHO class IV. Heart rate and QTc interval increased, while QRS duration and PR interval shortened during pregnancy. QTc duration of > 460 ms was associated with increased pre-pregnancy QTc interval, QRS duration, and weight, as well as body mass index. QTc increase of > 27 ms was associated with increased heart rate prior to pregnancy. No significant associations of electrocardiographic changes with mWHO class or CHD type were identified.Conclusion:Increased QTc in pregnant women with CHD was associated with being overweight or having higher heart rate, QRS, or QTc duration prior to pregnancy. These patients should be monitored closely for arrhythmias during pregnancy.
Components of an Updated Disaster Medicine Curriculum Included in Emergency Medicine Residency and Emergency Medical Services Fellowship in the United States
Authors: Sandifer Sara P. , Wexler Bryan J. , Flamm Avram 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Disaster medicine (DM) is a unique field that has undergone significant development as disaster events become increasingly complicated to respond to. However, DM is not recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) or Accreditation Committee of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), and therefore lacks board certification. Furthermore, prior studies have shown that there is unique body of DM knowledge not being addressed in emergency medicine (EM) residency or Emergency Medical Services (EMS) fellowship, resulting in fundamental DM topics not being covered amongst graduate medical education (GME) programs most prepared to produce DM physicians. A recently published DM core curriculum addresses this knowledge gap and seeks to promote standardization of DM training.Study Objective:The objective of this study is to analyze EM residency and EMS fellowship curricula for the inclusion of DM major curriculum topics and subtopics, using the most recently published DM core curriculum as a control.Methods:Both EM residency and EMS fellowship curricula were analyzed for inclusion of DM curriculum topics and subtopics, using the DM curriculum recommendations published by Wexler, et al as a control. A major curriculum topic was deemed covered if at least one related subtopic was described in the curricula. The included and excluded DM topics and subtopics were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:While all the DM major curriculum topics were covered by either EM residency or EMS fellowship, EMS fellowship covered more major curriculum topics (14/15; 93%) than EM residency (12/15; 80%) and EMS fellowship covered more DM curriculum subtopics (58/153; 38%) than EM residency (24/153; 16%). Combined, EM residency and EMS fellowship covered 65 out of 153 (42%) of the DM curriculum subtopics.Conclusion:Although this study finds that all the DM major curriculum topics will be covered in EM residency followed by EMS fellowship, over one-half of the subtopics are not covered by either program (16% and 38%, respectively) or both programs combined (42%). Increasingly relevant subtopics, such as climate change, droughts, and flooding, are amongst those not covered by either curriculum. Even amongst the DM topics included in GME curricula, an emphasis on themes such as mass treatment, preparedness, and mitigation is likely under-represented. Accreditation from ACGME for DM fellowship would further promote uniform implementation of the updated core curriculum and ensure optimal training of disaster-ready physicians.
“Moderate” vs “Extremist” Muslims? How a decontextualized distinction can trigger a contradictory assessment of security and radicalization in Malaysia
Authors: Gkoutzioulis Athanasios 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article demonstrates how the application of a broad and decontextualized distinction between “moderate” and “extremist” Muslims can undermine our assessment of an Islamic identity, security, and radicalization. It compares how this distinction has been used by the British colonial administrators (in Raffles, Crawfurd, Marsden, and Swettenham) in nineteenth-century Malaya and by Malaysia's Prime Ministers (Mahathir, Badawi, and Najib) in the late-twentieth and early-twenty-first centuries. This comparison demonstrates that both groups, despite their very different backgrounds (Western non-Muslim and Muslim non-Western), introduced a similar distinction between “moderate” and “extremist” driven more by socio-political objectives than by religious ones. Furthermore, the article stresses the importance of considering the socio-political and contextual dimensions of Islamic identity before attempting to explain the process of radicalization and its implications for security. Such an approach discourages reference to broad categories such as “moderate,” “extremist,” “Islamism,” or “Salafism,” and allows for discussion of their contextual and socio-political connotations.
Compared to what?: Setting American political development in comparative context
Authors: Lieberman Robert C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe recent crisis of democracy in the United States and around the world has highlighted the value of both historical and comparative analysis and brought the subfields of American political development and comparative politics into frequent conversation with each other. In fact, these subfields emerged from common origins and draw on similar conceptual and methodological tools. This essay identifies the historical and intellectual connections between the two fields and suggests the emerging possibilities of bringing the cross-national study of political development onto a common platform. It then draws out some themes that emerge from this pathway and considers how these themes might point the way toward a more systematic enterprise that can help illuminate some of the most pressing challenges of a turbulent political era.