bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production Data Standards: The PRODML Business Case and Evolution
Authors: Shipley David , Weltevrede Ben , Doniger Alan , Klumpen Hans Eric , Ormerod Laurence 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
PRODML™ is a set of production data standards, initiated by 13 upstream oil and service companies with the industry standards body Energistics (then POSC) in 2005. In November 2006, PRODML Version 1.0 was released. The focus was on production optimization processes which could produce results implementable within a day. The domain was from perforations through to start of processing on the surface. The objective was to enable plug and play integration of current upstream applications while supporting a variety of optimization processes.
In 2007, the PRODML community, now expanded to 23 companies, worked on extensions addressing production reporting, the use of a common "flow network model", and into "smart wells".
This paper, authored by experienced members of the PRODML community, explains the evolution from a concept to "do something about production data" into a well-defined series of interoperable services, with a defined future path.
A practical approach to the implementation of an integrated production optimization "analytic environment" will then be described, illustrated by a richly detailed and broad-based real life case study as deployed by Chevron.
The strategy that current members have set for the next three years will be outlined. This covers expansion of the "footprint" of PRODML, (reflecting the need for a clear understanding of business drivers for end-users and for developers), functionality (supporting above all a focus on "usability" – ensuring that PRODML expands while remaining accessible and quick to pick up for new developers), support, and governance.
Implementation Results for Chevron's i-field in San Joaquin Valley, California
Authors: Oran Kenan , Brink James , Ouimette James R. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
This paper summarizes results to date of implementing i-field projects in selected assets in Chevron's San Joaquin Valley Business Unit (SJVBU) in California. The i-field projects include collaborative environments to transform operational processes at a basin-wide or asset level remote collaboration and visualization has been implemented to help execute reservoir management and major capital project targets reliably and efficiently in the field. Successful asset prototypes are standardized and replicated across the business unit. The results to date demonstrate business value and take-up of the technology and processes by oilfield operations.
Enabling Change with New Technology and Integrated Operations
Authors: McNicol James , Stavland Marianne 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The introduction of a new downhole digital technology has the potential to revolutionize well intervention operations through performance management, faster decision cycles and organizational change. The new system has the ability to send real-time downhole data from well intervention operations to the surface, and from there to data centers anywhere in the world. The system facilitates collaborative work by engaging a broader spectrum of specialists than has been traditionally available at the wellsite.
A major benefit is the technology's capability as the catalyst for bringing about the significant organizational change required to replace currently aging offshore personnel with an adequate supply of competent employees within the context of the existing management and supply chain systems. Case studies are presented taken from over 20 field runs conducted during field integration testing.
Transforming E&P data into knowledge: applications of an integration strategy
Authors: Couput Jean-Paul , Louis Alain , Danquigny Jacques 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The full added value of a field performance strategy is only achieved when every effort is treated as an integral part of the complete and larger production system, which ranges from reservoir to export. By combining data gathering, integrated modelling, and control elements in so-called "value loops", optimization opportunities of the field efficiency are achieved in every phase of the asset lifecycle.
The Field Monitoring solutions of TOTAL, aim at improving this field performance through the execution of pertinent analyses, that help take strategic decisions; these decisions are based on a common, single and widely shared view of the information, that provides a better understanding of ongoing events on each asset.
This paper presents TOTAL field examples of Data Validation and Reconciliation (DVR) applied to flow measurement (metering) systems; and the resulting added value: in improving production allocation along with reservoir and surface material balance,in reconciling surface and subsurface monitoring for production and reserves optimization.
It evidences in particular: That DVR implementation associated with flow modelling improves the reliability and accuracy of the production estimates, and of the subsea and downhole measurement devices,The high potential of DVR in analyzing, qualifying and interpretating large amounts of measurements, and in providing more information from existing sensors, which is of particular interest when key measurements fail or are non available.
Incisor Root Resorption Due to Ectopic Maxillary Canines
Authors: Falahat Babak , Ericson Sune , Mak D'Amico Rozmary , Bjerklin Krister 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To document the long-term fate of maxillary incisors with resorbed roots after correction of the associated ectopic canines.
Materials and Methods: The subjects were recruited from 107 children and adolescents age 9–15 years (mean 12.5 years) at initial registration, with 156 ectopically positioned maxillary canines. The children were referred to the specialist orthodontic clinic for consultation because of the risk of incisor root resorption. Of 51 patients contacted, 16 failed to attend. Eight of the remaining 35 were excluded because their lateral incisors had been extracted, leaving 27 subjects for follow-up registration. At initial consultation, all subjects had undergone radiographic examination, including computed tomography (CT) scans. At the follow-up consultation, the radiographic examination was limited to intraoral films.
Results: No resorbed incisor was lost during the 2- to 10-year follow-up period. The resorptive lesions had undergone repair in 13 teeth, remained unchanged in 12 teeth and progressed in 7 teeth. In the 13 teeth exhibiting signs of repair, no resorption was detectable in 11 teeth and minor resorption was detected in 2 lateral incisors. At the initial registration, severe or moderate resorption had been diagnosed in 12 lateral and 5 central incisors, compared with 11 lateral and 6 central incisors at follow-up. In 10 subjects initially diagnosed with resorption of 13 incisors, the lesions were no longer discernible on intraoral radiographs at follow-up.
Conclusions: Even in cases of severe resorption, the incisor roots show good long-term healing. Incisors with root resorption can be used in an orthodontic appliance system.
Molar Changes with Cervical Headgear Alone or in Combination with Rapid Maxillary Expansion
Authors: Marchiori Farret Marcel , de Lima Eduardo Martinelli S. , Pereira Araújo Vanessa , Deon Rizzatto Susana Maria , Macedo de Menezes Luciane , Lima Grossi Marcio 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the distal movement of the maxillary first permanent molars when cervical headgear is used alone or in combination with rapid maxillary expansion.
Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 36 subjects (aged 9 to 13 years), treated in the Faculty of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Cat;aaolica, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The individuals were in good health and in their pubertal growth period. All had Class II division 1 malocclusion. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (22 subjects), Class II, with a normal transverse maxilla treated with cervical traction headgear (HG) 400 g 12 h/d, and group 2 (14 subjects), Class II maxillary transverse deficiency treated with rapid maxillary expansion plus cervical traction headgear (RME + HG). An additional group 3 (17 subjects) served as a control group and included individuals with the same characteristics. All subjects had two lateral cephalograms: initial (T1) and progress (T2), taken 6 months later. Differences between T1 and T2 were compared with the Student's t-test, and three groups were compared by the analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison test.
Results: Results showed greater distal tipping and greater distal movement of the first permanent molars in group 1 (HG) than in group 2 (RME + HG), P &lt; .05. No extrusion of first permanent molar occurred in either group (P &gt; .05).
Conclusion: The hypothesis was rejected. Cervical traction headgear alone produced greater distal movement effects in maxillary first permanent molars when compared with rapid maxillary expansion associated with cervical headgear.
Surface Roughness of Auto Polymerized Acrylic Resin According to Different Manipulation and Polishing Methods
Authors: Gonçalves Tatiana Siqueira , Spohr Ana Maria , de Souza Rodrigo Matos , Macedo de Menezes Luciane 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that no differences exists in the in situ level of surface roughness of an auto polymerized acrylic resin irrespective of the method of manipulation and polishing.
Materials and Methods: Forty volunteers received the test specimens. Surface roughness was evaluated using a rugosimeter. Samples of auto polymerized acrylic resin were submitted to two methods of manipulation—mass and addition—as well as to two types of polishing—mechanical and chemical. Four test groups were designated according to manipulation and polishing techniques: mass-mechanical, mass-chemical, addition-mechanical, and addition-chemical. Five measures of surface roughness were taken from each sample and average surface roughness (Ra) was determined before and 20 days after the samples were worn by the volunteers. The data obtained were analyzed by the Student's t-test for paired samples as well as by analysis of variance.
Results: Significant differences in Ra were found between mechanical and chemical polishing. Surface roughness was not influenced by manipulation techniques. Mechanical polishing presented the lowest values of Ra. There was a significant increase in surface roughness after volunteers wore the specimens for 20 days.
Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. There were differences on the surface roughness according to the different methods of manipulation and polishing used, but high values of surface roughness were found for all groups. Mechanical polishing showed the lowest values of surface roughness and thus should be preferred.
“Effective” TMJ and Chin Position Changes in Class II Treatment
Authors: Serbesis-Tsarudis Christos , Pancherz Hans 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the “effective” temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes (the sum of condylar modeling, glenoid fossa modeling, and condylar position changes within the fossa), and their influence on chin position in patients with a Class II division 1 malocclusion treated orthodontically with a multibracket appliance and Class II elastics (Tip-Edge) and orthopedically with a fixed functional appliance (Herbst).
Materials and Methods: Two groups of successfully treated subjects were evaluated: Tip-Edge (n = 24) and Herbst (n = 40). The Bolton Standards served as a control group. Lateral head films obtained before treatment and after an observation period of 2.6 years (Herbst also after 0.6-year period) were analyzed.
Results: In comparison with the Herbst and control groups, the Tip-Edge group exhibited less favorable sagittal “effective” TMJ growth and chin position changes necessary for skeletal Class II correction.
Conclusions: Orthodontic therapy with a multibracket appliance and Class II elastics seems not to have any favorable sagittal orthopedic effect on the mandible, while bite jumping with the Herbst appliance has a favorable sagittal orthopedic effect on a short-time basis.
In Vivo Comparison of Conventional and Cone Beam CT Synthesized Cephalograms
Authors: Kumar Vandana , Ludlow John , Soares Cevidanes Lucia Helena , Mol André 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective: To compare measurements from synthesized cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) lateral cephalograms using orthogonal and perspective projections with those from conventional cephalometric radiographs.Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients were imaged using CBCT and conventional cephalometry. CBCT volume data were imported in Dolphin 3D. Orthogonal and perspective lateral cephalometric radiographs were created from three-dimensional (3D) virtual models. Twelve linear and five angular measurements were made on synthesized and conventional cephalograms in a randomized fashion. Conventional image measurements were corrected for known magnification. Linear and angular measurements were compared between image modalities using repeated measures analysis of variance. Statistical significance was defined as an α level of .01.Results: With the exception of the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (P &lt; .0001), angular measurements were not statistically different for any modality (P &gt; .01). Linear measurements, whether based on soft or hard tissue landmarks, were not statistically different (P &gt; .01).Conclusions: Measurements from in vivo CBCT synthesized cephalograms are similar to those based on conventional radiographic images. Thus, additional conventional imaging may generally be avoided when CBCT scans are acquired for orthodontic diagnosis.
Media Advertising Effects on Consumer Perception of Orthodontic Treatment Quality
Authors: Edwards Daenya T. , Shroff Bhavna , Lindauer Steven J. , Fowler Chad E. , Tufekci Eser 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine the effect of media advertising on consumer perception of orthodontic treatment quality.Materials and Methods: A survey instrument was designed to evaluate factors influencing consumer selection of an orthodontist and consumer perception of different forms of media advertising (radio, television, newspaper, magazine, direct mail, and billboard) by orthodontic practices. The surveys were distributed by eight orthodontic offices in and around the Richmond, Virginia area. The survey return rate was 97%.Results: Respondents most often cited dentist and patient referrals as how they learned of the orthodontic practices they visited (50% to 57%). A caring attitude and good practitioner reputation were the top reasons influencing actual selection of an orthodontist (53% and 49%, respectively). Of respondents, 14% to 24% felt that advertising orthodontists would offer a lower quality of care than nonadvertising orthodontists. Newspaper, magazine, and direct mail advertisements were viewed more favorably than radio, television, and billboard advertisements. Chi-square analyses revealed few statistically significant differences in perception between different income and education groups.Conclusions: The majority of patients do not perceive advertising to reflect poorly on the quality of orthodontic care. However, patients with different income and education levels perceive media advertising differently.
Success Rate and Risk Factors Associated with Mini-Implants Reinstalled in the Maxilla
Authors: Baek Seung-Hak , Kim Bo-Mi , Kyung Seung-Hyun , Lim Joong Ki , Kim Young Ho 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine the difference in the success rate for two types of oral installed mini-implants (OMIs): one type of initially installed OMI and a new implant of the same type that is reinstalled.Materials and Methods: The subjects consisted of 58 patients (19 male, 39 female; mean age = 21.78 ± 5.85 years) who had received at least one OMI (self-drilling type, conical shape with 2.0-mm upper diameter and 5-mm length) in the attached gingiva of the upper buccal posterior regions for maximum anchorage during en masse retraction. If an OMI failed, a new one was immediately installed in the same area after 4 to 6 weeks or in an adjacent area immediately. The total number of initially installed OMIs (II-OMI) was 109 and the total number of reinstalled OMIs (RI-OMI) was 34. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 test, Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results: The success rate and mean duration were 75.2% and 10.0 months, respectively, for II-OMI and 66.7% and 6.4 months, respectively, for RI-OMI. Age, vertical skeletal pattern, and site and side of implantation were not related to the success rates of II-OMI and RI-OMI. Log-rank test showed that II-OMI in males and Class III malocclusions were more prone to failure. The relative risk of II-OMI failure in Class III malocclusions as opposed to Class I malocclusions was 5.36 (95% confidence interval, 2.008 to 14.31, P = .001).Conclusion: The success rate of the II-OMI was not statistically different from that of the RI-OMI. Sex and ANB angle might be more important factors for better II-OMI results.
TMJ Osteoarthritis/Osteoarthrosis and Immune System Factors in a Japanese Sample
Authors: Nishioka Masato , Ioi Hideki , Matsumoto Ryusuke , Goto Tazuko K. , Nakata Shunsuke , Nakasima Akihiko , Counts Amy L. , Davidovitch Ze'ev 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To determine whether there is an association between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis (OA) and immune system factors in a Japanese sample.
Materials and Methods: The records of 41 subjects (7 men, aged 22.0 ± 3.8 years; 34 women, aged 24.8 ± 6.3 years) and 41 pair-matched controls (7 men, aged 22.1 ± 2.3 years; 34 women, aged 24.8 ± 6.4 years) based on age and gender were reviewed. Information on medical history included local or systemic diseases, details on medication type and use, and the presence of allergies and asthma. Dental history questions referred to details regarding past oral injuries. The validity of the hypothesis, defining allergies and asthma as risk factors in OA, was tested by using a logistic regression analysis.
Results: The incidence of allergy was significantly higher in the TMJ OA (P = .008), with a mean odds ratio of 4.125 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.446–11.769.
Conclusion: These results suggest that allergy may be a risk factor in association with TMJ OA in this Japanese sample.
Changes in Occlusal Contact Area during Oral Appliance Therapy Assessed on Study Models
Authors: Ueda Hiroshi , Almeida Fernanda R. , Lowe Alan A. , Ruse N. Dorin 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that long-term use of an oral appliance (OA) does not cause changes in the occlusal contact area (OCA).
Materials and Methods: Baseline and follow-up treatment study models were obtained for 45 patients with obstructive sleep apnea who had been using an OA for 4 or more days/week for more than 5 years. Study models in centric occlusion, with an inserted pressure-sensitive sheet, were loaded in compression. An image scanner was used to evaluate OCA.
Results: A significant change in total OCA was identified in 39 patients (86.7%): a decrease in 26 (66.7%) and an increase in 13 (33.3%) patients. Regional changes &gt;5% were observed in &gt;90% of patients in each of the three regions. In the molar and premolar regions, 24 (53.3%) and 27 (60.0%) of the patients showed an OCA decrease, while only 16 (35.6%) and 15 (33.3%) showed an increase. Conversely, for the anterior region, more increases (24 patients–53.3%) than decreases were identified.
Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. Long-term OA therapy resulted in dramatic changes of occlusion, suggesting that monitoring of occlusal changes is required.
Generation of Microcellular Foams by Supercritical Carbon Dioxidein a PMMA Compound
Authors: Kim K. Y. , Kang S. L. , Kwak H.-Y. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Decompression experiments from a PMMA compound saturated with CO2 at high pressure were performed to investigate the heterogeneous effect due to the aggregate of the additives on the microcellular foam structure generated. The observed results were compared with calculation results from a previously proposed homogeneous nucleation model. Uniform distribution of foams was obtained at a lower temperature of 20°C at various initial pressures tested. However, the heterogeneous effect due to the aggregate of the additives in the compound occurred at the solution temperature of 40°C, which is quite different from the results obtained in PMMA/CO2 solution where homogeneous nucleation occurs in the temperature range between 40°C and 70°C. Experimental results obtained in this study may be applied to the injection-molding process of PMMA compounds.
Analysis of the Isothermal Compression in Nanoimprint Lithography Assuming a Power-Law Fluid
Authors: Hsin I.-C. , Young W.-B. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
One of the choices for defining a nano pattern in micro fabrication is to use the nanoimprint lithography. This method is also known as a hot embossing lithography due to its inherited process technique from the compression process. It is important to determine the appropriate conditions of pressure, temperature, and time in the nanoimprint lithography process. To determine the right conditions for nanoimprint lithography, one has to understand the polymer flow behavior during the imprinting process. In this study, a simplified analytical model was developed based on a power-law fluid to predict the polymer flow during the imprinting process. Under a constant imprint force, the imprint depth on a polymer film can be predicted using this model. Experimental tests were also conducted to verify the results. It was demonstrated that the model can provide reasonable results on the imprint depth.
A Mechanical Model for Stress Developmentin PA12 Tube Extrusion
Authors: Haudin J.-M. , Carin A. , Parant O. , Guyomard A. , Vincent M. , Peiti C. , Montezin F. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
In polyamide 12 tube extrusion, calibration is the key step of the process that affects the subsequent mechanical properties. In previous work it has been shown that according to the calibration conditions, a very oriented skin layer may be created, which has been correlated to an important decrease of elongation at break. In the present paper we develop a thermomechanical model which consists of two parts: a viscoelastic mechanical model for the calculation of stresses and a thermal model for the determination of the temperature field. Three types of inputs are necessary: processing parameters, material data (e. g., crystallization kinetics and rheology in the melt, the solid state and the transition zone) and heat transfer coefficients to describe the heat exchanges along the extrusion line. The model allows us to propose a physical interpretation of the oriented layer. During cooling high axial stresses are frozen in the first solidified layers. They induce a plastic deformation of the polymer leading to a high level of orientation in the outer zones.