bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological and structural characterization of new linear gomesin analogues with improved therapeutic indices
Authors: Fázio Marcos A. , Jouvensal Laurence , Vovelle Françoise , Bulet Philippe , Miranda M. Terêsa M. , Daffre Sirlei , Miranda Antonio 
Published: December 2006

AbstractGomesin (Gm) is a potent antimicrobial peptide isolated from the spider Acanthoscurria gomesiana. The two disulfide bridges Cys2,15 and Cys6,11 facilitate the folding of the molecule in a β‐hairpin structure, conferring on the peptide a high stability in human plasma. We report herein biological and structural features of new linear Gm analogues, obtained by combining the removal of both disulfide bridges and the incorporation of a D‐ or L‐proline. Regarding their biological properties, two analogues, namely, [D‐Thr2,6,11,15, Pro9]‐D‐Gm and [Thr2,6,11,15, D‐Pro9]‐Gm, are as potent as Gm against Candida albicans and only fourfold less against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, at 100 μM they are approximately threefold less hemolytic than Gm. The best therapeutic indices were found for [D‐Thr2,6,11,15, Pro9]‐D‐Gm and for [(Des‐pGlu1, ‐Thr2, ‐Arg3), Thr6,11,15, D‐Pro9]‐Gm with a 32‐fold increase of their activity against bacteria, and from 128‐ to 512‐fold against yeast when compared with Gm. Regarding the stability, [D‐Thr2,6,11,15, Pro9]‐D‐Gm appeared to be the most resistant in human serum, along with [D‐Thr2,6,11,15, Pro8]‐D‐Gm and [Thr2,6,11,15, D‐Arg4,16, D‐Pro9]‐Gm. When evaluating their conformation by CD spectroscopy in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), most linear analogues display β‐conformation characteristics. Moreover, considering its high therapeutic index and stability in serum, [D‐Thr2,6,11,15, Pro9]‐D‐Gm was further analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. 1H NMR experiments in SDS micelles demonstrated that [D‐Thr2,6,11,15, Pro9]‐D‐Gm presents a conformation very similar to that of Gm. In our search for Gm analogues with enhanced potential for drug development, we demonstrated that designing cysteine‐free analogues can improve the therapeutic index of Gm derivatives. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 85:386‐400, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Connexin 43 is localized with actin in tenocytes
Authors: Wall Michelle E. , Otey Carol , Qi Jie , Banes Albert J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractVarieties of cell–matrix or cell–cell adhesions are associated with the actin cytoskeleton. However, for gap junctions, which are both channels and adhesions, there has been little evidence for such an association. The purpose of this study was to determine if connexin 43 (Cx43) associates with actin and to determine if this association is altered under mechanical load in tenocytes, a mechanically sensitive cell. Avian tenocytes were subjected to multiple cyclic strain regimens and then fixed and examined immunohistochemically at various times poststrain to determine where Cx43 protein was localized within the cells in relation to actin filaments. Four percent of tenocytes had colocalization of actin filaments and Cx43, which was significantly increased with 5% cyclic strain. To confirm this phenomenon, human tenocytes and COS‐7 cells were also subjected to cyclic strain and then fixed at the same times after strain. As with avian tenocytes, Cx43 was colocalized with actin in human tenocytes and COS‐7 cells. The colocalization increased significantly after cyclic strain in human tenocytes but not in COS‐7 cells. The lack of detectable changes in COS‐7 cells may indicate that they are less mechanosensitive than tenocytes perhaps due to the less robust actin cytoskeleton seen in the COS‐7 cells when compared to the tenocytes. Furthermore, inhibiting myosin II activity greatly reduced the immunohistochemically‐detectable Cx43 on actin filaments. Connexins may associate with actin to stabilize gap junctions at the plasma membrane, ensuring that tenocytes remain coupled during periods of prolonged or intense mechanical loading. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Racial differences in tumor stage and survival for colorectal cancer in an insured population
Authors: Doubeni Chyke A. , Field Terry S. , Buist Diana S.M. , Korner Eli J. , Bigelow Carol , Lamerato Lois , Herrinton Lisa , Quinn Virginia P. , Hart Gene , Hornbrook Mark C. , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Wagner Edward H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Despite declining death rates from colorectal cancer (CRC), racial disparities have continued to increase. In this study, the authors examined disparities in a racially diverse group of insured patients.METHODS.This study was conducted among patients who were diagnosed with CRC from 1993 to 1998, when they were enrolled in integrated healthcare systems. Patients were identified from tumor registries and were linked to information in administrative databases. The sample was restricted to non‐Hispanic whites (n = 10,585), non‐Hispanic blacks (n = 1479), Hispanics (n = 985), and Asians/Pacific Islanders (n = 909). Differences in tumor stage and survival were analyzed by using polytomous and Cox regression models, respectively.RESULTS.In multivariable regression analyses, blacks were more likely than whites to have distant or unstaged tumors. In Cox models that were adjusted for nonmutable factors, blacks had a higher risk of death from CRC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06–1.30). Hispanics had a risk of death similar to whites (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92–1.18), whereas Asians/Pacific Islanders had a lower risk of death from CRC (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.78–1.02). Adjustment for tumor stage decreased the HR to 1.11 for blacks, and the addition of receipt of surgical therapy to the model decreased the HR further to 1.06. The HR among Hispanics and Asians/Pacific Islanders was stable to adjustment for tumor stage and surgical therapy.CONCLUSIONS.The relation between race and survival from CRC was complex and appeared to be related to differences in tumor stage and therapy received, even in insured populations. Targeted interventions to improve the use of effective screening and treatment among vulnerable populations may be needed to eliminate disparities in CRC. Cancer 2007;109:612–620. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Chemokine receptor expression by neural progenitor cells in neurogenic regions of mouse brain
Authors: Tran Phuong B. , Banisadr Ghazal , Ren Dongjun , Chenn Anjen , Miller Richard J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that chemokine receptors are expressed by neural progenitors grown as cultured neurospheres. To examine the significance of these findings for neural progenitor function in vivo, we investigated whether chemokine receptors were expressed by cells having the characteristics of neural progenitors in neurogenic regions of the postnatal brain. Using in situ hybridization we demonstrated the expression of CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, CXCR3, and CXCR4 chemokine receptors by cells in the dentate gyrus (DG), subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, and olfactory bulb. The pattern of expression for all of these receptors was similar, including regions where neural progenitors normally reside. In addition, we attempted to colocalize chemokine receptors with markers for neural progenitors. In order to do this we used nestin‐EGFP and TLX‐LacZ transgenic mice, as well as labeling for Ki67, a marker for dividing cells. In all three areas of the brain we demonstrated colocalization of chemokine receptors with these three markers in populations of cells. Expression of chemokine receptors by neural progenitors was further confirmed using CXCR4‐EGFP BAC transgenic mice. Expression of CXCR4 in the DG included cells that expressed nestin and GFAP as well as cells that appeared to be immature granule neurons expressing PSA‐NCAM, calretinin, and Prox‐1. CXCR4‐expressing cells in the DG were found in close proximity to immature granule neurons that expressed the chemokine SDF‐1/CXCL12. Cells expressing CXCR4 frequently coexpressed CCR2 receptors. These data support the hypothesis that chemokine receptors are important in regulating the migration of progenitor cells in postnatal brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:1007–1033, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic Study on the Reaction of OH Radical with Dimethyl Sulfide in the Absence of Oxygen
Authors: González‐García Núria , González‐Lafont Àngels , Lluch José M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA variational transition‐state theory calculation for the reaction of OH radical with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the absence of oxygen is presented. The potential energy surface was previously studied and the effects of different levels of theory were analyzed. Here we propose a kinetic model for the atmospheric DMS oxidation in the absence of oxygen. For the first time, addition of OH to DMS and CH3SOH elimination channels are connected, and the equilibrium approximation in the high‐pressure regime is applied to the DMS–OH adduct in the absence of oxygen. Both low‐ and high‐pressure limits are considered to analyze the two different mechanisms of the H‐abstraction channel, and two different kinetic approaches are applied to study them. The rate constants for the addition–elimination and H‐abstraction routes are compared and the branching ratios are also studied. Tunneling contributions and kinetic isotope effects are analyzed. We conclude, in agreement with experimental observations, that in the absence of oxygen DMS oxidation takes place via H‐abstraction with a branching ratio of 1.0 at atmospheric temperatures.
The three faces of Jay S. Rosenblatt
Authors: Fleming Alison S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis essay provides an account of the development of Jay S. Rosenblatt's approach and contributions to the study of maternal behavior and the mother‐young relationship, focusing on the role in that development of his life as painter, analyst, and scientist. It is personal perspective. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 2–11, 2007.
Maternal behavior, infant development, and the question of developmental resources
Authors: Moore Celia L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe natural development of maternal and infant behavior occurs in a dyad characterized by synchrony and reciprocal interactions. Major concepts used to describe and analyze this synchrony were reviewed. It was concluded that the dyad undergoes a developmental progression in which each part of the dyad is both a developing organism and a reliably changing milieu forming part of the extended inheritance of the other. The reliability of inherited resources is rooted in interactions essential to life, such as those used to transfer metabolic needs to dependent offspring; to stimulation (incidentally but necessarily) associated with life‐supporting mechanisms; and to perceptual, motor, or learning mechanisms used to extract specific resources from the available milieu. The diverse resources in extended inheritance contribute to the construction of new traits through opportunistic shaping or regulating interactions among them that are unrestricted by their function at earlier stages. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 45–53, 2007.
Mother rabbits and their offspring: Timing is everything
Authors: González‐Mariscal Gabriela 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMother rabbits nurse once every 24 hr for ca. 3 min. The contribution of pup stimulation to the regulation of this process was investigated by: reducing litter size to one pup, covering all the mother's nipples, or taping the mouths of an eight‐pup litter. Time inside the nest box with the young significantly increased under all these conditions. Yet, eight pups sucking on a single nipple allowed a normal time in the nest box. Bringing the litter to the mother earlier than usual promoted maternal behavior expression twice in 24 hr; the proportion of responsive females and the time at which they responded depended on the size of the litter suckled. These findings indicate that: (a) suckling determines the time inside the nest box and prevents mothers from responding to further pup stimulation for a variable time; (b) pup exposure promotes maternal behavior, even “out of phase” with circadian rhythmicity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 49: 71–76, 2007.
Influence of the mother in the development of flavored‐food preference in lambs
Authors: Saint‐Dizier H. , Lévy F. , Ferreira G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the influence of the mother in the development of flavored‐food preference in lambs. First, we demonstrated that lambs that ate flavored food in the presence of their mothers before weaning ate more of this food 1 month after weaning than lambs that ate flavored food with other ewes or lambs exposed to nonflavored food with their mothers. Second, lambs that could only see their mothers eating the flavored food and had access to the food's olfactory cues before weaning, showed similar preference for flavored food 1 month after weaning to lambs that ate the flavored food with their mothers. However, lambs that were separated from their mothers while their mothers consumed flavored food did not reveal a preference for it. Overall these results suggest that development of food preference in lambs depends mainly on observation of the mother, provided there is also access to olfactory cues characterizing the food. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc Dev Psychobiol 49: 98–106, 2007
Migratory patterns and developmental potential of trunk neural crest cells in the axolotl embryo
Authors: Epperlein Hans‐Henning , Selleck Mark A.J. , Meulemans Daniel , Mchedlishvili Levan , Cerny Robert , Sobkow Lidia , Bronner‐Fraser Marianne 
Published: December 2006

AbstractUsing cell markers and grafting, we examined the timing of migration and developmental potential of trunk neural crest cells in axolotl. No obvious differences in pathway choice were noted for DiI‐labeling at different lateral or medial positions of the trunk neural folds in neurulae, which contributed not only to neural crest but also to Rohon‐Beard neurons. Labeling wild‐type dorsal trunks at pre‐ and early‐migratory stages revealed that individual neural crest cells migrate away from the neural tube along two main routes: first, dorsolaterally between the epidermis and somites and, later, ventromedially between the somites and neural tube/notochord. Dorsolaterally migrating crest primarily forms pigment cells, with those from anterior (but not mid or posterior) trunk neural folds also contributing glia and neurons to the lateral line. White mutants have impaired dorsolateral but normal ventromedial migration. At late migratory stages, most labeled cells move along the ventromedial pathway or into the dorsal fin. Contrasting with other anamniotes, axolotl has a minor neural crest contribution to the dorsal fin, most of which arises from the dermomyotome. Taken together, the results reveal stereotypic migration and differentiation of neural crest cells in axolotl that differ from other vertebrates in timing of entry onto the dorsolateral pathway and extent of contribution to some derivatives. Developmental Dynamics 236:389–403, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐OX40 stimulation in vivo enhances CD8+ memory T cell survival and significantly increases recall responses
Authors: Ruby Carl E. , Redmond William L. , Haley Daniel , Weinberg Andrew D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThere is growing evidence that engagement of OX40 (CD134), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, can directly stimulate antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells. It has been shown that CD8+ T cells express OX40 following activation, but the response of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells to OX40 stimulation has not been fully characterized. We utilized an antigen‐specific transgenic CD8+ T cell model (OT‐I) to determine if OX40 engagement can boost the generation of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cell memory. Our results demonstrate that enhanced OX40 costimulation, via an agonist anti‐OX40 antibody, increases CD25 and phospho‐Akt expression on the antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells and significantly increases the generation of long‐lived antigen‐specific CD8+ memory T cells. The increased numbers of memory CD8+ T cells generated via anti‐OX40 treatment still required the presence of CD4+ T cells for their long‐term maintenance in vivo. In addition, anti‐OX40 costimulation greatly enhanced antigen‐specific CD8+ T cell recall responses. These data show that OX40 engagement in vivo increases the number of antigen‐specific CD8+ memory T cells surviving after antigen challenge and has implications for the development of more potent vaccines against pathogens and cancer.
New vistas on macrophage differentiation and activation
Authors: Mantovani Alberto , Sica Antonio , Locati Massimo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPlasticity and heterogeneity are hallmarks of myelomonocytic differentiation and polarized activation. Evidence published in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, together with other recent data, add new elements and perspectives to the current understanding of mononuclear phagocyte differentiation and activation and are discussed in this Commentary.See accompanying articles http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200636054 and http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200636788
A Series of Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers Synthesized at different pH Values
Authors: Guo Zhengang , Cao Rong , Li Xiaoju , Yuan Daqiang , Bi Wenhua , Zhu Xiandong , Li Yafeng 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA new family of cadmium(II) coordination polymers, {[Cd(Hbic)2·(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (1), [Cd(Hbic)2]n (2), [Cd(Hbic)2·(H2O)]n (3), H2bic = 1H‐benzimidazole‐5‐carboxylic acid, has been hydrothermally prepared by the assembly of CdII with H2bic. A change in the pH values resulted in a series of compounds with different compositions and dimensionalities. Formed at the lowest pH, compound 1 has a two‐dimensional supramolecular structure, which contains 1D chains extended by hydrogen bonds. At a slightly higher pH, compound 2 is synthesized with a higher number of deprotonated carboxylate groups per cadmium atom. A further increase in the pH leads to 3D dinuclear compound 3 with yellow‐green emitting fluorescence. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Understanding the Mechanism of Superoxide Reductase Promoted Reduction of Superoxide (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1/2007)
Authors: Brines Lisa M. , Kovacs Julie A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe cover picture shows the role played by synthetic metalloenzyme analogues in uncovering the relationship between metalloenzyme active site structure, properties, and function at the molecular level. Details are presented in the Microreview by L. M. Brines and J. A. Kovacs on p. 29 ff.
Mycenarubins A and B, Red Pyrroloquinoline Alkaloids from the Mushroom Mycena rosea
Authors: Peters Silke , Spiteller Peter 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTwo previously unknown red alkaloid pigments, mycenarubin A (1), and a dimer thereof, mycenarubin B (6), have been isolated from fruiting bodies of Mycena rosea and the structures of these pyrroloquinoline alkaloids have been established by 2D NMR and ESI‐MS methods. Their absoluteconfigurations were determined by comparison of their CD spectra with the CD spectrum of a synthetic model compound. The fungal pigments are structurally related to the damirones, isolated from a marine sponge, and may be biosynthetically derived from tryptophan and S‐adenosylmethionine.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Tris(biphenyl‐4‐yl)silyl‐Endcapped Polyynes
Authors: Chalifoux Wesley A. , Ferguson Michael J. , Tykwinski Rik R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe use of tris(biphenyl‐4‐yl)silyl (TBPS) as a large protecting group for polyynes has been investigated. The basic building block, TBPS–C≡C–TMS (1), is synthesized in a new “one‐pot” reaction through the sequential addition of lithiated nucleophiles to tetrachlorosilane. The TMS group of differentially protected 1 and the diyne 5 can be selectively removed in the presence of the TBPS group under mild conditions, allowing for the formation of TBPS‐endcapped di‐ and tetraynes (3 and 9) by oxidative homocoupling. For the triyne, TBPS–(C≡C)3–TMS (11), chemoselectivity for desilylation decreases dramatically, preventing formation of the corresponding hexayne. X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 3 confirms a diameter of 20 Å for the TBPS group. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Simulation of ship breaking bow waves and induced vortices and scars
Authors: Wilson Robert V. , Carrica Pablo M. , Stern Fred 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn unsteady single‐phase level set RANS method is used to resolve and investigate bow wave breaking around a surface combatant advancing in calm water, including induced vortices and free surface scars. A level set free surface capturing approach was extended and combined with local overset grid refinement for resolution of complex interfacial topologies and small‐scale free surface features. Although the focus of the paper is on wave breaking at Fr=0.35, results over three speeds (Fr=0.28, 0.35, and 0.41) show that the method can accurately predict the changes in resistance and free surface topology, with the two highest speeds showing bow wave breaking. For the Fr=0.35 case, comparison of wave elevation results shows good agreement with the data, including the development and thickening of the bow wave sheet, sequential formation of two overturning plungers with reconnections, and the formation of two free surface scars at the reconnection sites. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solution shows a steep shoulder wave, similar to the experiment, but does not predict the experimentally observed weak spilling breaking shoulder wave. Although the current predictions converge to steady state, the region of unsteady free surface measured experimentally can be reasonably well predicted from the region of the simulation where the wave slope exceeds 17°. Comparisons of velocity components and axial vorticity at four cross planes show that the method can accurately predict the wake of low axial velocity and vortical cross flow associated with the breaking bow wave. In addition, the simulation is used to explain the initial development of the overturning bow wave, induced vortices and scars and to fill in the relatively sparse experimental data set by providing a global picture of the axial vortex structure near the free surface. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An implicit two‐dimensional non‐hydrostatic model for free‐surface flows
Authors: Ahmadi Afshin , Badiei Peyman , Namin Masoud M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn implicit finite volume model in sigma coordinate system is developed to simulate two‐dimensional (2D) vertical free surface flows, deploying a non‐hydrostatic pressure distribution. The algorithm is based on a projection method which solves the complete 2D Navier–Stokes equations in two steps. First the pressure term in the momentum equations is excluded and the resultant advection–diffusion equations are solved. In the second step the continuity and the momentum equation with only the pressure terms are solved to give a block tri‐diagonal system of equation with pressure as the unknown. This system can be solved by a direct matrix solver without iteration. A new implicit treatment of non‐hydrostatic pressure, similar to the lower layers is applied to the top layer which makes the model free of any hydrostatic pressure assumption all through the water column. This treatment enables the model to evaluate both free surface elevation and wave celerity more accurately. A series of numerical tests including free‐surface flows with significant vertical accelerations and nonlinear behaviour in shoaling zone are performed. Comparison between numerical results, analytical solutions and experimental data demonstrates a satisfactory performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.