bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomegalovirus infections in leukaemic children
Authors: Caul E. O. , Dickinson V. A. , Roome A. P. , Mott M. G. , Stevenson P. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐two children receiving therapy for leukaemia were studied longitudinally for 23 months for cytomegalovirus (CMV) complement fixing (CF) antibodies and excretion. The frequency of CMV antibodies in these children was similar to that of normal children of the same age. During the period of investigation, four patients developed significant (four‐fold or greater) CMV antibody rises. All of these also excreted CMV. Two had seroconversions from negative to positive which were temporally related to the transfusion of fresh blood. Both patients produced CMV‐specific IgM either at the time of the CF rise or immediately before. Two patients with pre‐existing antibody had CF rises. One of these, who had been diagnosed only 2 months previously, had had five transfusions of fresh blood in that period. The second, who had a rise in titre and prolonged excretion of CMV, had had two units of fresh blood one month before the rise occurred. CMV‐specific IgM was not demonstrated in these two patients. Thus all four significant rises in titre followed the transfusion of fresh blood. The IgM results suggest that the two CF seroconversions were primary infections and that the other two significant rises were reinfections or reactivation.Active CMV infection did not seem to be related to alteration in the leukaemic state or therapy.
Serum‐mediated blocking of cell‐mediated anti‐tumor immunity in a melanoma patient: Association with BCG immunotherapy and clinical deterioration
Authors: Levy Nelson L. , Mahaley M. S. , Day Eugene D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with melanoma was found to have lymphocytes highly cytotoxic for autogenous tumor cells but not for fibroblasts. Autogenous serum did not block the cytotoxicity. He then received an injection of BCG into a small tumor nodule. Three weeks later, in association with accelerated clinical deterioration, his lymphocytes were still cytotoxic, but his serum could now block completely the tumor‐specific lymphocyte reactivity.
Intensive chemotherapy in patients with generalized Burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Ziegler John L. , Bluming Avrum Z. , Magrath Ian T. , Carbone Paul P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of a clinical trial in patients with generalized Burkitt's lymphoma using either multiple doses of cyclophosphamide or a cyclic, sequential regimen employing cylophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and cytosine arabinoside (TRIKE) are reported. Of 42 evaluable patients 24 received cyclophosphamide and 18 received TRIKE. No significant differences were encountered between either group with respect to remission induction, relapse rate or survival. Remission duration was significantly prolonged in the patients receiving cyclophosphamide, but this event has little effect on survival. Although intensive chemotherapy is probably necessary in patients with generalized Burkitt's lymphoma, other variables such as meningeal involvement and immunologic factors appear to affect relapse and survival.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal tumors and its relationship to tumor‐cell differentiation
Authors: Denk H. , Tappeiner G. , Eckerstorfer R. , Holzner J. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarcinomas of gastrointestinal (colon, stomach, pancreas, liver) and of extragastrointestinal (bronchus, breast, tonsil, anus, ovary) origin and normal large‐bowel mucosa were studied by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In addition, an attempt was made to correlate the CEA content of the tumors with the degree of their cellular differentiation. In well‐differentiated tumors of the colon, including hypersecretory well‐differentiated mucoid carcinomas, CEA was abundant on the luminal tumor cell surface and in the lumina of the glands. In moderately differentiated ones, CEA was present in rather low concentrations on the luminal surface and in secondary glandular structures. In poorly differentiated anaplastic carcinomas, CEA was absent. In non‐cancerous colonic mucosa surrounding the tumor, in colonic mucosa distant from the tumor as well as in colonic mucosa taken at autopsy from subjects with non‐neoplastic extragastrointestinal diseases, CEA could not be found by indirect immunofluorescence. The CEA content of gastric carcinomas was lower than in colonic tumors, although the distribution was similar. In pancreatic cancers, CEA was present in variable amounts depending upon the differentiation of the individual tumor. In these malignancies, CEA was found not only on the luminal surface and in the lumina, but also in the cytoplasm of isolated tumor cells. CEA was not detected in carcinomas of extragastrointestinal origin by indirect immunofluorescence. The localization of CEA on the surface (probably glycocalyx) of the cell, together with its dependence upon a certain degree of tumor cell differentiation, suggest that CEA is a secretion product rather than a constituent of the tumor cell membrane.
Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in breeding and retired breeder BALB/cCr mice throughout the natural life span
Authors: Peters Robert L. , Rabstein Louise S. , Spahn Gerard J. , Madison Russell M. , Huebner Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLarge populations (approximately 1,300 from weaning to 10 months and 4,500 at 10 to 12 months of age) of BALB/cCr mice were observed throughout the remainder of their natural life span to determine the age‐specific incidence of various spontaneous neoplasms. Over 2,000 mice were necropsied and their tissues examined microscopically. Neoplasms of all types were rare prior to 1 year of age, but an early life (1‐6 months) “peak” of acute lymphocytic leukemia was noted. The incidence of lymphatic neoplasms increased until about 24 months of age and then declined. The incidence of other types of tumor, including reticulum cell neoplasms, mammary and other epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors (non‐hematopoietic) and benign tumors increased progressively with increasing age. Mammary tumors, myoepitheliomas, hemangioendotheliomas and fibrosarcomas were the most prevalent solid tumor malignancies. Reticulum cell neoplasms were the most frequent malignant neoplasms of the hematopoietic system. Pulmonary alveologenic and adrenocortical adenomas were the most common tumors among those classified histologically as benign.
Prevalence of the group‐specific (gs) antigen and infectious virus expressions of the murine C‐type RNA viruses during the life span of BALB/cCr mice
Authors: Peters Robert L. , Hartley Janet W. , Spahn Gerard J. , Rabstein Louise S. , Whitmire Carrie E. , Turner Horace C. , Huebner Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of C‐type RNA tumor‐virus gs antigen and infectious virion expression was determined at various ages throughout the life span of the BALB/cCr mouse. The incidence of gs antigen was low (2.5%) prior to 6 months of age, but increased progressively to 71% in mice over 24 months of age. The incidence of infectious virus isolated in mouse embryo cell culture was low (10%) prior to 6 months of age, but rose rapidly after 6 months of age and remained relatively stable (varying from 46% to 62%) throughout the remainder of life. Eighteen of nineteen isolations made prior to 1 year of age were made on NIH Swiss mouse embryo cells as opposed to BALB/c mouse embryo cells (1/19). In older mice, isolations on BALB/c cells increased, but only after 24 months of age were isolation rates higher than on NIH Swiss cells. Isolations from the spleens of mice with malignancies were somewhat more frequent than from spleens of mice which were normal or had histologically benign tumors.
Dependence of the specificity of the serologic test for primary liver cancer in different areas of the world on sensitivity of the method used for detecting alpha‐fetoprotein
Authors: Elgort D. A. , Abelev G. I. , O'Conor G. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparative investigation was made of the diagnostic value of the AFP test as dependent on sensitivity of the method used for detecting AFP. Patients' sera, collected from five African countries, from Singapore, Jamaica, and the USSR, and checked earlier by the standard AFP test (agar‐gel precipitation technique) were reexamined using the method of indirect immunoradioautography. The latter method is 30 to 50 times more sensitive than the standard AFP test.As a result the percentage of hepatomas revealed serologically was increased for Africa from 75% to 89.2% and for the USSR from 64% to 87.1% (among histologically proven cases). The diagnostic specificity of the test became significantly lower: a great number of AFP‐positive cases was observed in the control group. The proportion of such “false‐positive” cases is not equal in different parts of the world: 22.6% in Africa and 6.0% in the USSR. Great differences were also observed between African countries, from 7.8% in Uganda to 45.1% in Congo. It is suggested that these variations are related to the existence of a “background” AFP level in healthy people, which may be different in various populations depending on genetic and nutritional factors. The differences may be a reflection of varying predisposition to cancer of the liver.
Human cancer in households containing cats with malignant lymphoma
Authors: Schneider Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince feline malignant lymphoma is viral in nature, a retrospective case‐control study was done to assess if there was any additional risk of cancer for human members in households with cats histologically diagnosed as having that disease. The 221 households identified as having owned cats that developed the disease were matched with control ones on the basis of index cat age, sex and breed. Various compared human demographic factors indicated close agreement in makeup between groups. Tests for association of human cancer with feline malignant lymphoma were negative. Association was sought in two ways: (1) by a case‐control comparison, controlling human household cancer risk and length of time the index cat was in the household; and (2) by a comparison of the last five years' occurrence of human cancer in both groups compared to the expected. The expected numbers were calculated for the population‐at‐risk from human age‐ and sex‐specific incidence rates published for this area. The specific occurrence of human cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic systems was examined. The validity of the study results and extension of these results to cat ownership in general were discussed.
α‐fetoprotein and hepatocarcinogenesis in rats fed 3′‐methyl‐4‐(dimethylamino)azobenzene or n‐2‐fluorenylacetamide
Authors: Kitagawa Tomoyuki , Yokochi Taeko , Sugano Haruo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum α‐fetoprotein (af) of rats during hepatocarcinogenesis by 3′‐methyl‐4‐(dimethylamino)azobenzene (3′‐Me‐DAB) or N‐2‐Fluorenylacetamide (FAA) was checked by the micro‐Ouchterlony method throughout the course of the study. The serum af appeared in two phases, early from the 3rd to 5th week and late during the development of large carcinomas.The frequency of early appearance of serum af varied considerably according to the difference in age, sex, and strain of the animals or the difference in type or dose of the carcinogen. In general, 3′‐Me‐DAB was a much stronger carcinogen than FAA in producing early serum af. A good correlation was observed between the serum af level and the intensity of oval cell proliferation in the liver at this stage.The cell composing the nodular hyperplasia in 3′‐Me‐DAB or the area of hyperplasia in FAA carcinogenesis, which replaced the major part of the liver in the next stage and had been considered the most possible forerunner of the carcinoma, did not seem to produce af.The serum af in the late phase was produced by the carcinoma. The majority of the 3′‐Me‐DAB‐induced carcinomas belonged to the mixed type carcinoma. This type of carcinoma was strongly af‐producing with the required minimal size of 10 mm in diameter for positive serum af. Most of the FAA‐induced carcinomas were of the trabecular type. This type of carcinoma was relatively weak in af‐production and the serum af was negative until a trabecular carcinoma became larger than 20 mm in diameter.The appearance of early serum af was distinct evidence of a fair progress of hepatocarcinogenesis, and a positive correlation was found between the degree of this phenomenon and the frequency of development of a carcinoma producing large amounts of af. However, the appearance of early serum af was not an absolute requisite for later development of carcinomas.
Cellular immunity to human breast carcinoma
Authors: Fossati Giuseppe , Canevari Silvana , Porta Giuseppe Della , Balzarini Gian Paolo , Veronesi Umberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn in vitro microassay technique was used to study the cellular immunological response of 16 breast carcinoma patients against tumor‐associated antigens. The in vitro growth of target cells was achieved with five pleural effusions of patients with breast carcinoma infiltration of the pleura.The lymphocytes obtained from the peripheral blood of three of the five target cell donors had a specific killing effect on autochthonous cancer cells. The lymphocytes of nine of the 13 other patients killed at least one of the target tumor‐cell lines. No cyto‐toxicity was observed with the lymphocytes of five out of six patients with a benign lesion of the breast, of three patients with a carcinoma other than of the breast, and of one patient without tumor.
The distribution of cancer within the large bowel
Authors: de Jong U. W. , Day N. E. , Muir C. S. , Barclay T. H. C. , Bras G. , Foster F. H. , Jussawalla D. J. , Kurihara M. , Linden G. , Martinez I. , Payne P. M. , Pedersen E. , Ringertz N. , Shanmugaratnam T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of cancer of the anatomical sub‐sites of the colon and rectum in Alameda County (California), Bombay, Denmark, Kingston and St Andrew (Jamaica), Miyagi Prefecture (Japan), New Zealand, Norway, Puerto Rico, Saskatchewan (Canada). Singapore, The South Metropolitan Cancer Registry (SMCR) (England), and Sweden were analysed. In this series, the highest rates for large‐bowel cancer are found in North America and New Zealand; the lowest in the East (Japan, Bombay and Singapore) and the Caribbean, while intermediate rates prevail in Scandinavia and England.The pattern of sub‐site distribution of the cancers throughout the large bowel is similar in areas of high and intermediate risk; namely, there is a decreasing incidence from ascending colon towards the descending colon with a sharp increase in incidence at the sigmoid colon, the rates for rectum being in turn higher than those for the sigmoid. In low‐incidence areas, the general pattern is the same, but there may be a deficit of sigmoid cancers. This remains to be proved. Denmark shows a significant excess of lower rectum cancer, particularly in males. The age‐standardized incidence rates for rectum cancer in this registry are higher than in any of the others, although the rates for other parts of the large intestine in Denmark are in the intermediate range. This finding should be exploited.With advancing age, the sex ratio for colon cancer as a whole shows a higher male risk; this male excess is, however, confined to the descending and sigmoid colon. The sex ratios for ascending and transverse colon cancer do not change with advancing age, while those for the sigmoid, and to a lesser extent the descending colon, do. Rectal cancer is commoner in males, the male preponderance becoming more pronounced after 65 years of age. For descending, sigmoid and rectal cancers, incidence increases more steeply with age in males than in females, the incidence‐age curves on a log‐log scale tending to have a downward curvature for the older age‐groups. The slopes for ascending and transverse colon cancer do not differ between the sexes and their age‐incidence curves have an upward curvature, particularly in women. It makes little difference to the incidence rates whether cancers of the recto‐sigmoid are included in the rectum or the colon.The findings are discussed in the light of current aetiological theories. The results are consistent with the sub‐site risk being related to the rate of transportation of colonic content. Transportation rates in the variety of risk situations need to be investigated, with particular attention being paid to the sigmoid in low‐risk areas.
Evaluation of the carcinogenic activity of the hydroxymethyl derivatives of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(A) anthracene by an in vitro‐in vivo technique
Authors: Flaks A. , Hamilton J. M. , Clayson D. B. , Sims P. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract7,12‐Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and three of its metabolites were tested for carcinogenic activity by in vitro incubation with murine pulmonary tissue for 2 days followed by implantation of the explants into isologous mice. 7‐Hydroxymethyl‐12‐methylbenz(a) anthracene and 12‐hydroxymethyl‐7‐methylbenz(a) anthracene were as potently carcinogenic as the parent hydrocarbon but 7,12‐dihydroxymethylbenz(a)‐anthracene was inactive. These results are discussed in the light of current theories of metabolic activation of the hydrocarbon.
Serum alpha‐fetoprotein. VIII. Serum levels during diethylnitrosamine poisoning of baboons
Authors: Purves L. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum alpha‐fetoprotein levels rise during various stages of poisoning of baboons with diethylnitrosamine before the induction of any liver tumours. The possible mechanisms causing raised AFP levels in people from primary liver cancer high‐risk areas are discussed in the light of these experimental toxicity studies on baboons.
Surface antigen and polypseudopodia in abortive transformation of BHK 21 cells by polyoma virus
Authors: Stoker M. G. P. , Thornton Maureen , Riddle P. , Birg Françoise , Meyer G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen BHK 21 cells are exposed to high multiplicities of polyoma virus, a change in surface antigen may be detected by immunofluorescence, beginning at 18 h and affecting up to 88% of cells 24 h after infection. Time‐lapse cinematography shows that there is a concurrent change in movement and shape (polypseudopodia) of the cells in the confluent layer, involving about the same proportion of cells. Both these changes appear before the virus‐induced stimulation of the thymidine incorporation and mitosis, and before the increase in lectin agglutinability. The S antigen disappears more rapidly than the polyspeudopodia in these abortively transformed cells, but both persist in stably transformed cells. The antigenic change and polyspeudopodia are not the result of the virus‐induced stimulation of cell DNA synthesis and mitosis, but it is not yet possible to say if they are an essential requirement for this stimulation.
Re‐exposure of human lymphoblastoid cell lines to Epstein‐Barr virus
Authors: Diehl Volker , Wolf Hans , Schulte‐Holthausen Heinrich , Hausen Harald Zur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman lymphoblastoid lines of various origins which harbour Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific nucleic acid were re‐exposed to EBV. Following infection, cells of the non‐virus‐producing lines, Raji and S 95, predominantly synthesized EBV‐specific early antigens (EA), whereas only a small percentage of cells revealed viral capsid antigens (VCA). In Raji cells, the number of VCA‐producing cells was paralleled by the percentage of virus‐specific DNA‐synthesizing cells. In S 95 cells, however, viral DNA‐synthesizing cells exceeded the number of VCA‐producing cells by a factor of more than 10. Induction of EA in Raji cells was dose‐dependent and inversely related to cell growth. Irradiation of the virus by ultraviolet light prior to infection led to reduced infectivity. This reduction seemed to follow single‐hit kinetics. Raji cells, previously re‐exposed to EBV, showed reduced EA induction after re‐infection with EBV, as compared to Raji control cells not previously exposed. Of 10 lines which spontaneously synthesize EBV‐specific antigens, seven lines proved to be refractory to re‐infection, whereas three were as susceptible as the Raji and S 95 controls. From three of the refractory lines infectious virus could be recovered from the culture medium prior to infection.These results permit the following interpretations: (1) the response of human lymphoblastoid cells after re‐infection with EBV results from the infecting virus and not from stimulation of endogenous genomes; (2) cells demonstrating EA synthesis ultimately die; (3) re‐exposure to EBV increases the resistance to re‐infection of the surviving cells; and (4) cell lines producing infectious EBV are refractory to re‐infection. It is suggested that the spontaneous synthesis of infectious virus favours the selection of resistant cells.
Burkitt's lymphoma in Ghana: Clinical features and response to chemotherapy
Authors: Nkrumah Francis K. , Perkins Ida V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical presentation, response to chemotherapy, relapse pattern and prognosis in Burkitt's lymphoma were evaluated in a prospective manner in 54 patients. Cyclophosphamide induced complete clinical remission in over 75% of the patients irrespective of stage of the disease. Long‐term sustained remissions, however, were mostly obtained in patients with localized disease (stage I‐II). Patients with abdominal tumours (stage III), though showing good initial response to chemotherapy, had a high relapse rate, Intrathecal methotrexate transiently normalized cerebrospinal fluid cell counts in patients with malignant pleocytosis (stage IV). Early meningeal relapse was the rule and the patients did very poorly. Fifteen of the 54 patients have remained tumour‐free and without recurrence for periods ranging from 1 to 2 years. Three patients who had tumour recurrences are also at present tumour‐free after retreatment. Early tumour relapse was usually associated with a poor prognosis. The calculated long‐term survival rate for all patients in the series was 33.1%.
Growth regulation and tumour formation of normal and neoplastic rat cells
Authors: Weiss Robin A. , Veselý Pavel , Sindelařova Jitka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe oncogenicity of cells in syngeneic hosts was compared to the regulation of cell growth in vitro. Normal embryonic fibroblasts (LWF cells) were not tumorigenic. Spontaneously “transformed” fibroblastic cells (LW13 cells) and Rous‐transformed epithelioid cells (RsK4 cells) grew into sarcomas on subcutaneous or intravenous inoculation. TD50 varied according to the route of administration and dispersion of the cells. Rous‐transformed cells gave rise to tumours with a short latent period while the spontaneously transformed cell line showed a biphasic latent period. The histopathology of the two kinds of tumours was similar, with a higher tendency to pleomorphism in the Rous tumours. Normal fibroblasts had low plating efficiency on plastic or in soft gel suspension. LW13 cells plated with high efficiency on plastic but poorly in suspension, and RsK4 cells plated with high efficiency in both situations. Normal cells were highly sensitive to topoinhibition, LW13 cells were moderately sensitive, while LW13 cells explanted from tumours and RsK4 cells were the least sensitive. However, values of topoinhibition and its compensation by serum were themselves found to vary with cell density. RsK4 cells initiated DNA synthesis in low serum medium but normal cells and LW13 cells did not. Neither LW13 nor RsK4 cell proliferation was inhibited by contact with confluent, static 3T3 cells or normal LWF cells. With the cell types examined here an association exists between contact inhibition of cell movement and topoinhibition of growth. The degree to which altered cells respond to the regulatory contact signals of normal cells appears to be the best in vitro indicator of oncogenicity.