bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi-uniform completions of partially ordered spaces
Authors: Buhagiar David , Telenta Tanja 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In this paper we define partially ordered quasi-uniform spaces (X,
$$\mathfrak{U}$$
, ≤) (PO-quasi-uniform spaces) as those space with a biconvex quasi-uniformity
$$\mathfrak{U}$$
on the poset (X, ≤) and give a construction of a (transitive) biconvex compatible quasi-uniformity on a partially ordered topological space when its topology satisfies certain natural conditions. We also show that under certain conditions on the topology
$$\tau _{\mathfrak{U}*} $$
of a PO-quasi-uniform space (X,
$$\mathfrak{U}$$
, ≤), the bicompletion
$$(\tilde X,\tilde {\mathfrak{U}})$$
of (X,
$$\mathfrak{U}$$
) is also a PO-quasi-uniform space (
$$(\tilde X,\tilde {\mathfrak{U}})$$
, ⪯) with a partial order ⪯ on
$$\tilde X$$
that extends ≤ in a natural way.
Point sets with low L
p-discrepancy
Authors: Kritzer Peter , Pillichshammer Friedrich 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In this paper we study the L
p-discrepancy of digitally shifted Hammersley point sets. While it is known that the (unshifted) Hammersley point set (which is also known as Roth net) with N points has L
p-discrepancy (p an integer) of order (log N)/N, we show that there always exists a shift such that the digitally shifted Hammersley point set has L
p-discrepancy (p an even integer) of order
$$\sqrt {\log N} /N$$
which is best possible by a result of W. Schmidt. Further we concentrate on the case p = 2. We give very tight lower and upper bounds for the L
2-discrepancy of digitally shifted Hammersley point sets which show that the value of the L
2-discrepancy of such a point set mostly depends on the number of zero coordinates of the shift and not so much on the position of these.
(Cyclic) subgroup separability of HNN and split extensions
Authors: Ateş Firat , Sinan Çevik A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
This work has been divided in two parts. In the first part we give a sufficient conditions on an HNN extension of a free group to be cyclic subgroup seperable. In the second part we define just subgroup separability on a split extension of special groups which is actually on holomorph.
Statistical maps: A categorical approach
Authors: Frič Roman 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In probability theory, each random variable f can be viewed as channel through which the probability p of the original probability space is transported to the distribution p
f, a probability measure on the real Borel sets. In the realm of fuzzy probability theory, fuzzy probability measures (equivalently states) are transported via statistical maps (equivalently, fuzzy random variables, operational random variables, Markov kernels, observables). We deal with categorical aspects of the transportation of (fuzzy) probability measures on one measurable space into probability measures on another measurable spaces. A key role is played by D-posets (equivalently effect algebras) of fuzzy sets.
Problems of an additional experiment
Authors: Kubáček Lubomír 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In some situations estimates of unknown parameters must be corrected by additional measurements. It is in principle no problem to calculate the corrected estimates, however, it is of more interest to find formulae for correction itself. The formulae enable us to design an additional experiment and to judge its usefulness.
The aim of the paper is to find such formulae for several situations.
MSE of the best linear predictor in nonorthogonal models
Authors: Štulajter František 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The problem of computing the mean squared error (MSE) of the best linear predictor (BLP) in finite discrete spectrum with an additive white noise models(FDSWNMs) for an observed time series is considered. This is done under the assumption that the corresponding vectors in models for finite observation of this time series are not orthogonal.
The Processes of Collective Memory Research: Methodological Solutions for Research Challenges
Authors: Wolfgram Mark A. 
Published: June 2007

Alon Confino, Germany as a Culture of Remembrance: Promises and Limits of Writing History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006)Wulf Kansteiner, In Pursuit of German Memory: History, Television, and Politics after Auschwitz (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2006)
Reproductive success in relation to dominance rank in the absence of prime‐age males in Barbary macaques
Authors: Modolo Lara , Martin Robert D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn some primate species dominance rank of males is correlated with reproductive success, whereas in other species this relationship is inconsistent. Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) live in a promiscuous mating system in which males are ranked in a dominance hierarchy that influences their access to females. High‐ranking males usually monopolize fertile females during their estrous period and show increased mating activities. Subadult males generally rank below adult males. For Barbary macaque females in the Gibraltar colony, there was no correlation between dominance status and reproductive success. Paternity data for 31 offspring collected over four consecutive breeding seasons were used to test whether male social rank was associated with reproductive success and whether reproductive success was mainly confined to a small number of males. Genetic variation was assessed using 14 microsatellite markers for a dataset of 127 individuals sampled in all five social groups of the Gibraltar colony. Paternity analysis was conducted for offspring in one social group only, where all in‐group males were sampled. Eighty‐three percent of the offspring could be assigned to an in‐group candidate father; none of the extra‐group males appeared to have sired an infant. Male dominance rank was not found to contribute to the observed variation in male reproductive output. Fifty‐nine percent of the offspring was sired by two low‐ranking males, whereas the two top‐ranking males sired one‐fifth. A highly significant correlation was found for male age and dominance rank. Reproductive success of subadult males might be explained by the gap in the age distribution of male group members. These missing prime males are usually regarded as serious competitors for older males. Subadult males may have gained easier access to females in their absence. In addition, the presence of inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, which might also have overpowered possible rank effects, cannot be excluded. Am. J. Primatol. 70:26–34, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metal‐based sulfonamides: synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of pyrrolyl‐ and thienyl‐derived compounds
Authors: Chohan Zahid H. , Naseer Muhammad M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPyrrolyl and thienyl derived sulfonamides and their metal [cobalt(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II)] complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and electronic spectral data. These compounds were screened for in‐vitro antibacterial activity against four Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexeneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains, and for in‐vitro antifungal activity against Trichophyton longifusus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Microsporum canis, Fusarium solani and Candida glaberata. The results of these studies revealed that all compounds showed significant to moderate antibacterial activity; however, the zinc complexes were shown to be the most active against various species. The brine shrimp bioassay was also carried out to study their in vitro cytotoxic properties of all the synthesized ligands and their metal complexes. Only two compounds (14 and 19) displayed potent cytotoxic activity as LD50 = 5.5637 × 10−4 and 4.4023 × 10−4 M ml−1 respectively, against Artemia salina. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective cyanosilylation of aldehydes catalyzed by Mn(salen) complex/triphenyl phosphine oxide
Authors: Kim Sung Soo , Kwak Ju Myung , George Soney C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe activation of chiral Mn(salen) complexes with Ph3PO has been found to provide a good strategy for the asymmetric cyanosilylation of aldehydes. Aromatic aldehydes have been converted into the corresponding cyanohydrin trimethylsilylether in yields up to 95% and ee up to 67% using 0.25 mol% chiral Mn(salen) complex in combination with 10 mol% of achiral Ph3PO as additive. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some addition reactions of bisgermavinylidene
Authors: Leung Wing‐Por , Kan Kwok‐Wai , So Cheuk‐Wai , Mak Thomas C. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe reaction of bisgermavinylidene [(Me3SiNPPh2)2CGe→GeC(PPh2NSiMe3)2] (1) with AdNCO (Ad = Adamantyl) afforded the [2 + 2] cycloadditon product [(Me3SiNPPh2)2CGeC(O) NAd] (2). Similar reaction of 1 with Ph3SiOH in tetrahydrofuran (THF) yielded the base‐stabilized germanium(II) triphenylsiloxide [H2C(PPh2NSiMe3)2Ge(OSiPh3)2] (3). The results suggested that reactive germavinylidene may exist in solution and is capable of forming addition reaction products. The X‐ray structures of 2 and 3 were determined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of dendritic star‐shaped poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(L‐lactide) block copolymers
Authors: Zhang Weian , Zheng Sixun , Guo Qipeng 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDendritic star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(L‐lactide) (PCL‐b‐PLLA) diblock copolymers were synthesized via sequential ring‐opening polymerization. In the first step, an aliphatic dendritic polyester containing 16 terminal hydroxyl groups was used as the core molecule to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone, which was catalyzed by stannous(II) octanoate, to obtain dendritic star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) terminated with hydroxyls, which was used further to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide to form the dendritic star‐shaped diblock copolymers. The dendritic star‐shaped polymers (PCL‐b‐PLLA) were characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The results showed that the arm length of the dendritic star‐shaped polymers could be well controlled in terms of the molar ratios of the initiators (i.e., the aliphatic dendritic polyester and star‐shaped PCL) to the monomers (i.e., ε‐caprolactone and L‐lactide). The crystalline structure and thermal properties of the dendritic star‐shaped polymers were investigated with X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The X‐ray diffraction indicated that the formation of the dendritic star‐shaped topological structure did not affect the structure of the crystals of PCL and poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) blocks. The thermal analyses showed that the crystallization rate of the PCL blocks in the block copolymers was greatly reduced compared to that in the parent dendritic star‐shaped PCL. This observation could be attributed to the confinement of the dendritic core and PLLA blocks upon the crystallization of the PCL blocks. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Corrosion‐protection aspects of electrochemically synthesized poly(o‐anisidine) coatings on mild steel: An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study
Authors: Chaudhari Sudeshna , Patil P. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe corrosion‐protection aspects of poly(o‐anisidine) (POA) coatings on mild steel in aqueous 3% NaCl solutions were investigated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, a potentiodynamic polarization technique, and open circuit potential measurements. The POA coatings were electrochemically synthesized on mild steel with cyclic voltammetry from an aqueous salicylate medium. The corrosion behavior of the POA coatings was investigated through immersion tests performed in aqueous 3% NaCl solutions, and the recorded electrochemical impedance spectra were fitted with an equivalent circuit to obtain the characteristic impedance parameters. The use of a single equivalent circuit was inadequate to explain the various physical and electrochemical processes occurring at different exposure times. It was suggested that some characteristic element(s) should be incorporated into the equivalent circuit at different stages of the immersion to elucidate the various processes occurring at different exposure times. The evolution of the impedance parameters with the immersion time was studied, and the results showed that POA acted as a protective coating on the mild steel against corrosion in a 3% NaCl solution. From these data, the water uptake and delamination area were determined to further support the corrosion‐protection performance of the POA coating. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Different effects of silane and carboxyled polypropylene on crystal morphology of polypropylene/molecular sieves type 5A composites
Authors: Ma Zhi‐Ling , Guo Hua‐Ying , Jia Wei , Yang Xiao‐Jing 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe silane KH‐550 and carboxyled polypropylene (EPP) were used as compatibilizers in this study. The effect of them on crystalline morphology of polypropylene/molecular sieves type 5A (PP/5A) composites was investigated. IR illustrated that 5A interacts with EPP by forming molecule interaction or hydrogen bonds, but interacts with silane by covalent bonds. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that a suitable amount of silane can promote β‐crystal formation in PP, and the average size of spherulites in the PP/5A/silane is smaller than that of PP. EPP interacts with 5A by molecule interaction and cocrystallizes with PP, leading to the crystal morphology of PP/5A/EPP resembles to that of pure PP. Significant difference was detected in the effect of the two compatibilizers, which attributed to the different compatibility mechanisms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Polytherapy with hERG‐blocking antiepileptic drugs: Increased risk for embryonic cardiac arrhythmia and teratogenicity
Authors: Danielsson Christian , Azarbayjani Faranak , Sköld Anna‐Carin , Sjögren Niklas , Danielsson Bengt R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) phenytoin, phenobarbital, dimethadione, and carbamazepine cause a similar pattern of malformations in humans, with an increased risk after polytherapy. The teratogenicity has been linked to cardiac rhythm disturbances and hypoxic damage as a consequence of their common potential to inhibit a specific potassium ion current (IKr). The IKr is of major importance for embryonic cardiac repolarization and rhythm regulation. This study investigated whether these AEDs cause irregular rhythm and if various combinations of AEDs result in higher arrhythmia risk than exposure to a single AED. METHODS: The effects on heart rhythm of a single AED (monotherapy), and of various combinations (polytherapy) of AEDs, in gestational day 10 C57BL mouse embryos in culture were analyzed and graphically illustrated during a 25 s recording with a digitalization technique. RESULTS: All of the studied AEDs caused increased intervals between heartbeats (resulting in bradycardia) and large variations in the interval between heartbeats (resulting in irregular rhythm) in a concentration‐dependent manner in cultured mouse embryos. Dimethadione caused irregular rhythm at concentrations within and phenytoin slightly above the therapeutic ranges. Polytherapy resulted in more substantial prolongation of the mean interval between heartbeats (>60 ms) than monotherapy at clinically relevant concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that polytherapy more than monotherapy causes substantial prolongation of the cardiac repolarization, a marker associated with high risk of developing irregular rhythm during longer exposure periods (days to months). This supports the idea that the increased risk for malformations following polytherapy is linked to an increased risk for cardiac rhythm disturbances. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebral palsy due to nonlethal maternal carbon monoxide intoxication
Authors: Alehan Füsun , Erol Ilknur , Onay Özge Sürmeli 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in pregnancy is a relatively rare occurrence, but it can result in fetal mortality and neurologic complications in fetuses who survive to term. CASE: We describe the course of an infant who was acutely exposed to CO at 20 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that despite maternal well‐being, CO intoxication at critical periods of human brain development can lead to hypoxic‐ischemic lesions in the globus pallidus and that dystonic cerebral palsy may develop in the infant during long‐term follow‐up. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single median maxillary central incisor: New data and mutation review
Authors: El‐Jaick Kênia B. , Fonseca Renata F. , Moreira Miguel A. , Ribeiro Márcia G. , Bolognese Ana M. , Dias Sânia O. , Pereira Eliane T. , Castilla Eduardo E. , Orioli Iêda M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Single median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) is a rare anomaly that may occur alone or associated with other conditions, frequently as part of the holoprosencephaly (HPE) spectrum. However, it has been suggested that SMMCI alone, or associated with some midline defects, may be considered a different entity from HPE (OMIM: 147250). Families with SMMCI, without HPE cases, are difficult to counsel for the risk of HPE in future generations because the same midline defects described as part of the “SMMCI syndrome” can also be part of the HPE spectrum. METHODS: We screened five cases of SMMCI for mutations in three HPE genes, SHH, TGIF, and SIX3. RESULTS: A missense mutation c.686C>T was found in the gene SIX3 of one patient, which did not differ from the accepted 20% of known HPE gene mutations among all HPE cases. Our results and an extensive literature review of gene mutations in patients with SMMCI showed that 27/28 of them were in HPE genes: SHH (n = 21), SIX3 (n = 3), TGIF (n = 1), GLI2 (n = 1), and PTCH (n = 1), and only one in the SALL4 gene. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical findings in patients with SMMCI without HPE in families with mutations in HPE genes cannot be distinguished from the findings reported in the SMMCI syndrome. Therefore, persons with SMMCI and their relatives should be carefully investigated for related midline disorders, especially of the HPE spectrum, and all known HPE genes screened. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alkaloid production in Vernonia cinerea: Callus, cell suspension and root cultures
Authors: Maheshwari Priti , Songara Bharti , Kumar Shailesh , Jain Prachi , Srivastava Kamini , Kumar Anil 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFast‐growing callus, cell suspension and root cultures of Vernonia cinerea, a medicinal plant, were analyzed for the presence of alkaloids. Callus and root cultures were established from young leaf explants in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media supplemented with combinations of auxins and cytokinins, whereas cell suspension cultures were established from callus cultures. Maximum biomass of callus, cell suspension and root cultures were obtained in the medium supplemented with 1 mg/L α‐naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 5 mg/L benzylaminopurine (BA), 1.0 mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/L BA and 1.5 mg/L NAA, respectively. The 5‐week‐old callus cultures resulted in maximum biomass and alkaloid contents (750 μg/g). Cell suspension growth and alkaloid contents were maximal in 20‐day‐old cultures and alkaloid contents were 1.15 mg/g. A 0.2‐g sample of root tissue regenerated in semi‐solid medium upon transfer to liquid MS medium containing 1.5 mg/L NAA regenerated a maximum increase in biomass of 6.3‐fold over a period of 5 weeks. The highest root growth and alkaloid contents of 2 mg/g dry weight were obtained in 5‐week‐old cultures. Maximum alkaloid contents were obtained in root cultures in vitro compared to all others including the alkaloid content of in vivo obtained with aerial parts and roots (800 μg/g and 1.2 mg/g dry weight, respectively) of V. cinerea.
Bio‐electrosprays: The development of a promising tool for regenerative and therapeutic medicine
Authors: Jayasinghe S. N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRegenerative and therapeutic medicine are two fields of research to which engineering sciences are increasingly contributing. One such case in which physical sciences have been greatly involved is in the generation of tissues by directly processing living cells. In this article we focus on the current status of cell or tissue engineering approaches by way of jets, particularly focusing on bio‐electrosprays.
Biotechnological studies in the Far‐Eastern Region of Russia
Authors: Stonik Valentin A. , Mikhailov Valery V. , Bulgakov Victor P. , Zhuravlev Yuri N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAchievements and problems in both the studies on natural bioactive compounds from the Far‐Eastern higher plants and marine invertebrates and development of the corresponding biotechnologies concerning new drugs and food supplements, as well as pharmaceutical leads are discussed. Special emphasis is made on recent results from the Far‐eastern Institutions belonging to the Russian Academy of Sciences, and their application in both medicine and the food industry, as well as on peculiarities of biological and chemical diversity in the North‐Western part of Asia and adjoining seas.
Chemically enhanced liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of glutamic acid in the diffusion medium of retinal cells
Authors: Timperio Anna Maria , Fagioni Marco , Grandinetti Felice , Zolla Lello 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA rapid, reproducible and highly sensitive method, based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, was developed for the determination of the excitatory amino acid glutamic acid released in the diffusion medium of control, ischemic and mutant cells from retinas. Signal intensity of glutamic acid was enhanced by dansyl chloride derivatization giving rise to a detection limit in the order of pmol/mL. Further, in HPLC‐ESI‐MS detection an MS‐friendly dansyl group to glutamic acid enhanced both ionization efficiency in the ESI source and collision‐activated dissociation in the collision cell. The sample processing procedure included liquid–liquid extraction, derivatization with dansyl chloride and a final cation‐exchange extraction to generate clean extracts for LC/MS/MS analysis. This approach has been validated as sensitive, linear (20–300 ng/mL), accurate and precise for the differential quantification of glutamic acid in the diffusion medium of retina cells. This is the first report of using chemical derivatization to enhance MS/MS detection of the glutamic acid released in the diffusion medium of wild‐type and mutant retina cells, under ischemic conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.