bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of cetirizine in healthy cats
Authors: Papich Mark G. , Schooley Elizabeth K. , Reinero Carol R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for cetirizine in feline plasma and determine the pharmacokinetics of cetirizine in healthy cats after oral administration of a single dose (5 mg) of cetirizine dihydrochloride.
Animals—9 healthy cats.
Procedures—Heparinized blood samples were collected prior to and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 hours after oral administration of 5 mg of cetirizine dihydrochloride to each cat (dosage range, 0.6 to 1.4 mg/kg). Plasma was harvested and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. Plasma concentrations of cetirizine were analyzed with a compartmental pharmacokinetic model. Protein binding was measured by ultrafiltration with a microcentrifugation system.
Results—No adverse effects were detected after drug administration in the cats. Mean ± SD terminal half-life was 10.06 ± 4.05 hours, and mean peak plasma concentration was 3.30 ± 1.55 μg/mL. Mean volume of distribution and clearance (per fraction absorbed) were 0.24 ± 0.09 L/kg and 0.30 ± 0.09 mL/kg/min, respectively. Mean plasma concentrations were approximately 2.0 μg/mL or higher for 10 hours and were maintained at > 0.72 μg/mL for 24 hours. Protein binding was approximately 88%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A single dose of cetirizine dihydrochloride (approx 1 mg/kg, which corresponded to approximately 0.87 mg of cetirizine base/kg) was administered orally to cats. It was tolerated well and maintained plasma concentrations higher than those considered effective in humans for 24 hours after dosing. The half-life of cetirizine in cats is compatible with once-daily dosing, and the extent of protein binding is high.
Pharmacokinetics and effects of aminorex in horses
Authors: Soma Lawrence R. , Rudy Jeffrey A. , Uboh Cornelius E. , Xu Fran , Snapp Heidi M. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects of aminorex administered IV and PO in horses.
Animals—7 Thoroughbreds.
Procedures—In a cross-over design, aminorex (0.03 mg/kg) was administered IV or PO. Plasma and urinary aminorex concentrations were determined via liquid chromatography– mass spectrometry.
Results—Decrease of aminorex from plasma following IV administration was described by a 3-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Median (range) values of α, β, and γ half-lives were 0.04 (0.01 to 0.28), 2.30 (1.23 to 3.09), and 18.82 (8.13 to 46.64) hours, respectively. Total body and renal clearance, the area under the plasma time curve, and initial volume of distribution were 37.26 (28.61 to 56.24) mL·min/kg, 1.25 (0.85 to 2.05) mL·min/kg, 13.39 (8.82 to 17.37) ng·h/mL, and 1.44 (0.10 to 3.64) L/kg, respectively. Oral administration was described by a 2-compartment model with first-order absorption, elimination from the central compartment, and distribution into peripheral compartments. The absorption half-life was 0.29 (0.12 to 1.07) hours, whereas the β and γ elimination phases were 1.93 (1.01 to 3.17) and 23.57 (15.16 to 47.45) hours, respectively. The area under the curve for PO administration was 10.38 (4.85 to 13.40) ng·h/mL and the fractional absorption was 81.8% (33.8% to 86.9%).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Aminorex administered IV had a large volume of distribution, initial rapid decrease, and an extended terminal elimination. Following PO administration, there was rapid absorption, rapid initial decrease, and an extended terminal elimination. At a dose of 0.03 mg/kg, the only effects detected were transient and central in origin and were observed only following IV administration.
Effects of warm-up intensity on oxygen transport during supramaximal exercise in horses
Authors: Mukai Kazutaka , Hiraga Atsushi , Eto Daisuke , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Hada Tetsuro , Tsubone Hirokazu , Jones James H. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether warm-up exercise at different intensities alters kinetics and total contribution of aerobic power to total metabolic power in subsequent supramaximal exercise in horses.
Animals—11 horses.
Procedures—Horses ran at a sprint until fatigued at 115% of maximal oxygen consumption rate (O2max), beginning at 10 minutes following each of 3 warm-up protocols: no warmup (NoWU), 1 minute at 70% O2max (moderate-intensity warm-up [MoWU]), or 1 minute at 115% O2max (high-intensity warm-up [HiWU]). Cardiopulmonary and blood gas variables were measured during exercise.
Results—The O2 was significantly higher in HiWU and MoWU than in NoWU throughout the sprint exercise period. Blood lactate accumulation rate in the first 60 seconds was significantly lower in MoWU and HiWU than in NoWU. Specific cardiac output after 60 seconds of sprint exercise was not significantly different among the 3 protocols; however, the arterial mixed-venous oxygen concentration difference was significantly higher in HiWU than in NoWU primarily because of decreased mixed-venous saturation and tension. Run time to fatigue following MoWU was significantly greater than that with NoWU, and there was no difference in time to fatigue between MoWU and HiWU.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—HiWU and MoWU increased peak values for O2 and decreased blood lactate accumulation rate during the first minute of intense exercise, suggesting a greater use of aerobic than net anaerobic power during this period.
Evaluation of twice-daily, low-dose trilostane treatment administered orally in dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Vaughan Matthew A. , Feldman Edward C. , Hoar Bruce R. , Nelson Richard W. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of twice-daily oral administration of a low-dose of trilostane treatment and assess the duration of effects after once-daily trilostane administration in dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism (NOH).
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—28 dogs with NOH.
Procedures—22 dogs received 0.5 to 2.5 mg of trilostane/kg (0.23 to 1.14 mg/lb) orally every 12 hours initially. At intervals, dogs were reevaluated; owner assessment of treatment response was recorded. To assess drug effect duration, 16 of the 22 dogs and 6 additional dogs underwent 2 ACTH stimulation tests 3 to 4 hours and 8 to 9 hours after once-daily trilostane administration.
Results—After 1 to 2 weeks, mean trilostane dosage was 1.4 mg/kg (0.64 mg/lb) every 12 hours (n = 22 dogs; good response [resolution of signs], 8; poor response, 14). Four to 8 weeks later, mean dosage was 1.8 mg/kg (0.82 mg/lb) every 12 or 8 hours (n = 21 and 1 dogs, respectively; good response, 15; poor response, 5; 2 dogs were ill). Eight to 16 weeks after the second reevaluation, remaining dogs had good responses (mean dosages, 1.9 mg/kg [0.86 mg/lb], q 12 h [n = 13 dogs] and 1.3 mg/kg [0.59 mg/lb], q 8 h [3]). At 3 to 4 hours and 8 to 9 hours after once-daily dosing, mean post-ACTH stimulation serum cortisol concentrations were 2.60 and 8.09 μg/dL, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs with NOH, administration of trilostane at low doses every 12 hours was effective, although 2 dogs became ill during treatment. Drug effects diminished within 8 to 9 hours. Because of potential adverse effects, lower doses should be evaluated.
Early‐phase ERK activation as a biomarker for metabolic status in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Weng Ning , Weiler Ivan Jeanne , Sumis Allison , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth , Greenough William T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLack of production of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) leads to changes in dendritic morphology and resultant cognitive and behavioral manifestations characteristic of individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS). FMRP is an RNA‐binding protein that is believed to regulate the translation of a large number (probably over 100) of other proteins, leading to a complex and variable set of symptoms in FXS. In a mouse model of FXS, we previously observed delayed initiation of synaptically localized protein synthesis in response to neurotransmitter stimulation, as compared to wild‐type mice. We now likewise have observed delayed early‐phase phosphorylation of extracellular‐signal regulated kinase (ERK), a nodal point for cell signaling cascades, in both neurons and thymocytes of fmr‐1 KO mice. We further report that early‐phase kinetics of ERK activation in lymphocytes from human peripheral blood is delayed in a cohort of individuals with FXS, relative to normlal controls, suggesting a potential biomarker to measure metabolic status of disease for individuals with FXS. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association analysis of dynamin‐binding protein (DNMBP) on chromosome 10q with late onset Alzheimer's disease in a large caucasian UK sample
Authors: Morgan A.R. , Hollingworth P. , Abraham R. , Lovestone S. , Brayne C. , Rubinsztein D.C. , Lynch A. , Lawlor B. , Gill M. , O'Donovan M.C. , Owen M.J. , Williams J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA recent scan of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the region 40–107 Mb on chromosome 10q in a large Japanese case–control cohort identified six SNPs in or near the dynamin‐binding protein gene (DNMBP) that were associated with late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in individuals lacking the APOE ε4 allele [Kuwano et al. (2006); Hum Mol Genet 15:2170–2182]. We genotyped these six SNPs in 1,212 unrelated Caucasian patients of UK origin with LOAD and 1,389 ethnically, gender and age matched control subjects. We did not observe a statistically significant association with the risk of LOAD for any of the six SNPs in the sample as a whole. When stratifying the sample by APOE one SNP (intergenic SNP rs11190302) was associated with LOAD in individuals lacking the ε4 allele (genotypic P = 0.027, allelic P = 0.066). However this association was in the opposite direction to that detected in the Japanese population. It remains to be determined whether DNMBP is associated with LOAD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal urinary tract infections and selected cardiovascular malformations
Authors: Cleves Mario A. , Malik Sadia , Yang Shengping , Carter Tonia C. , Hobbs Charlotte A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: In a population‐based case‐control study, we investigated the association between congenital cardiovascular malformations (CVMs) and maternal urinary tract infections (UTIs). METHODS: Within the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 3,690 women who had singleton livebirths with nonsyndromic CVMs, and 4,760 women who had infants without birth defects were identified. Affected infants had: conotruncal, septal, anomalous pulmonary venous return, atrioventricular septal defects, or left‐ or right‐sided obstructive heart defects. Mothers had a UTI if they reported having at least one infection during the first trimester. Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were computed to determine the association between CVMs and UTIs. Stratified analyses were conducted to investigate if sulfonamide use and/or fever modified the effect between CVMs and UTIs. RESULTS: Women who had offspring with either left ventricular outflow tract obstructive defects or atrioventricular septal defects were more likely than controls to report a UTI. These associations remained among women who did not have fever or used sulfonamides. Maternal use of sulfonamides during the UTI did not appear to modify the relationship between CVM subtypes and maternal UTIs. CONCLUSIONS: In the National Birth Defects Prevention Study there was little evidence to support an association between CVMs and UTIs during the first trimester of pregnancy. Associations between left ventricular outflow tract obstructive defects and maternal UTI as well as between atrioventricular septal defects and maternal UTI were found. Our findings, while not conclusive, suggest that the possible association between maternal UTI and CVMs should be investigated further. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two MTHFR polymorphisms, maternal B‐vitamin intake, and CHDs
Authors: van Driel Lydi M.J.W. , Verkleij‐Hagoort Anna C. , de Jonge Robert , Uitterlinden André G. , Steegers Eric A.P. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Steegers‐Theunissen Régine P.M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms are associated with complex congenital malformations. Whether these polymorphisms are associated with CHDs is not clear. We studied both MTHFR polymorphisms, folate and vitamin B2 by maternal food intake and supplements, and CHD risk. METHODS: A case‐control family study was conducted in a European population in the Netherlands including 230 case and 251 control children with both parents. Approximately 17 months after the index pregnancy, mothers filled out standardized questionnaires on periconception use of folic acid supplements and a validated food frequency questionnaire on current dietary folate and vitamin B2 intake. All subjects were genotyped for the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms. Data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis and ORs and 95% CIs were calculated. For the interaction analysis the dominant model was used. RESULTS: The risk estimates for the MTHFR 677 CT genotypes were 1.4 (0.9–2.0) in mothers, 1.1 (0.8–1.6) in fathers, and 1.2 (0.8–1.7) in children, and for the MTHFR 677 TT genotypes 0.9 (0.6–1.2), 1.4 (1.0–1.9), and 1.0 (0.7–1.3), respectively. The MTHFR 1298 CC genotype in fathers and the MTHFR 1298 AC genotype in children significantly reduced CHD risk, 0.6 (0.5–0.9) and 0.6 (0.4–0.9), respectively. Of interest is the significant interaction (p = .008) towards a nearly twofold increased risk in mothers carrying the MTHFR 1298C allele and using a periconception folic acid supplement. CONCLUSIONS: The MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms are not strong risk factors for CHDs. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exogenous hydrogen peroxide as a possible messenger for the stimulation effect of magnetized physiological solution on heart contractility
Authors: Ayrapetyan Gayane , Dadasyan Erna , Hayrapetyan Hovik , Ayrapetyan Sinerik 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe dual effect of magnetized physiological solution (MPS) on snail heart muscle contractility (muscle relaxation and stimulation of heartbeat) was shown previously. The MPS‐induced relaxation of the heart muscle has been explained by activation of cGMP‐dependent Ca2+ effluxes from the muscle; however, the mechanism of the stimulating effect of MPS on heartbeat remains unclear. As in the presence of paramagnetic oxygen molecules, magnetic fields could generate the exogenous reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we hypothesize that H2O2 may play a role as the possible messengers through which the activation effect of MPS on heartbeat is realized. To test this hypothesis, the dose‐dependent effects of exogenous H2O2 on heart muscle contractility and 45Ca uptake were studied. Here we compared the obtained data with the previous results of the effects of MPS on heart muscle contractility and 45Ca uptake. We found that exogenous H2O2 and MPS have similar effects on Na+–K+ pump‐induced transient inhibition of muscle contractility and 45Ca uptake. The Na+–K+ pump‐induced depression of H2O2‐sensitivity of muscle contractility is determined by activation of Ca2+ efflux from the cell. On the basis of these data we suggest the exogenous H2O2 as a possible messenger through which the stimulation effect of MPS on heart muscle is realized. Bioelectromagnetics 29:549–558, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a new procedure based on the energy charge measurement using ATP bioluminescence assay for the detection of living mould from graphic documents
Authors: Rakotonirainy Malalanirina Sylvia , Arnold Sylvia 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFungal contamination is a major cause of deterioration in libraries and archives. Curators and conservators increasingly need rapid microbiological analyses. This paper presents a rapid detection method for the fungal contaminants on documents. A previous study showed that the calculation of energy charge, using bioluminescence ATP assays, provides a useful indicator to determinate the viability of fungal strains. We argue that this sensitive and time‐saving method is better than traditional culture techniques. However, the procedure needs to be modified to make it usable for lay persons. An improved and simplified protocol is proposed here for the extraction of adenylate nucleotides (AN) from fungal spores and for their measurements. Our new procedure can detect the existence of viable fungal strains on documents, presenting suspect spots within minutes. The extraction is performed by filtration with DMSO–TE solution as extractant. The different step of the measurement of AN content is carried out successively in a single test tube instead of the three tubes necessary in the initial method. The new procedure was tested on 12 strains among those most frequently found in archives and libraries and validated on swab samples from real documents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photo‐induced chemiluminescent method for determination of reducing sugars
Authors: Chen He , Gao Ying , Su Yingying , Lv Yi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the present study, a simple and sensitive photo‐induced chemiluminescence (CL) method for the quantitation of reducing sugars, including fructose, glucose, sucrose and lactose, was developed. This method was based on the on‐line photocatalytic reaction of the reducing sugars, using a home‐made photoreactor consisting of PTEF tube helically coiling around a high‐pressure mercury UV lamp. Reducing sugars were detected by direct CL emission resulting from the reaction between the photoproducts and luminol. To maximize the signal intensity, the effects of irradiation time, flow rate, luminol concentration, buffer pH and concentration were tested. Under optimum conditions, the linear dynamic ranges were all 0.36–18 mg/L and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.8–2.3%, with limits of detection (3σ) of 0.06 mg/L for fructose, glucose, sucrose and lactose. Finally, interference effects from ascorbic acid, amino acids (alanine, glycine, serine, leucine and methionine) and some metal ions and anions were also investigated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a high‐throughput, indirect antibody immobilization format chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for the determination of progesterone in human serum
Authors: Ren Shiqi , Wang Xu , Lin Zhen , Li, Zhenjia , Ying, Xitang , Chen Guonan , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA high‐throughput and simple chemiluminescence (CL) enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for the determination of progesterone (P) in human serum was developed, with the highly sensitive 4‐methoxy‐4‐(3‐phosphatephenyl)‐spiro‐(1,2‐dioxetane‐3,2′‐adamantane) (AMPPD)–alkaline phosphatase (ALP) system as the CL detection system. The results showed that the indirect immobilization of rabbit anti‐progesterone polyclonal antibody (RAPA) through secondary antibody exhibited apparent advantages over direct coating in terms of antibody saving and improvement of the coating stability and uniformity. The direct analysis of P in human serum without extraction was realized by using 8‐anilino‐1‐naphthalenesulphonic acid (ANS) to displace P from its binding proteins. The effect of several relevant parameters of the immunoreaction were examined and optimized. Compared with some commercial progesterone kits, the presented CLEIA has higher sensitivity with detection limitation as low as 0.06 ng/mL. The recoveries were 95.9–101%. The coefficient of variation was <8.4% and 9.9% for intra‐ and inter‐assay precision, respectively. This method has been successfully applied to the evaluation of P in human serum. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascular factors and depression
Authors: Teper Emma , O'Brien John T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectiveThis paper examines possible mechanisms that may explain the bi‐directional relationship between vascular disease and depression.DesignA literature review was carried out using Medline from 1996 to 2007, using relevant key words including vascular depression, and supplemented by key references to earlier work.ResultsSeveral mechanisms were considered including: autonomic dysfunction, platelet activation, hypothalamic pituitary axis activation, endothelial dysfunction, cytokines, omega 3 fatty acids, genetics, homocysteine and effects of treatment.ConclusionsThe relationship between vascular disease and depression cannot solely be explained by current established risk factors or the effects of treatment for depression. Other mechanisms must apply, and there is some evidence for common genetic factors. Promising future lines of investigation include homocysteine, cytokines and endothelial dysfunction. More longitudinal studies combined with measurements of these biomarkers are needed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of social network characteristics on cognition and functional status with aging
Authors: Green Ariel Frank , Rebok George , Lyketsos Constantine G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether more frequent engagement in larger social networks, and more emotional support protect against cognitive and functional decline with aging.MethodsWe examined the influence of social networks on cognition and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) over a median interval of 10.9 years. Data were from the Baltimore follow‐up of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, a community‐based sample of adults in eastern Baltimore. Eight hundred and seventy‐four participants completed cognitive testing at both the third and fourth study waves (1993–1996 and 2003–2004) on the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a delayed word recall task. Functional status at both waves was self‐reported on the Lawton‐Brody IADL scale. Social network characteristics, assessed at the third study wave, included network size, frequency of contact, and emotional support.ResultsIn cross‐sectional analyses at wave 3, larger networks were associated with higher MMSE and better delayed recall scores. This association persisted after adjustment for covariates. More emotional support was associated with better functional status, before and after adjustment. By contrast, social networks were not longitudinally associated with cognitive change, with two counter‐intuitive exceptions: more frequent contact and more emotional support were associated with worse delayed recall and IADL scores after adjustment.ConclusionsThere was no evidence of a longitudinal association between social networks and cognition or IADLs, although a clear cross‐sectional association exists. Together, these findings suggest the emergence of social isolation in individuals declining in cognition and functioning, rather than a protective effect of social networks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.