bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA) in Hong Kong Chinese population
Authors: Kennerknecht Ingo , Ho Nga Yee , Wong Virginia C.N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractProsopagnosia (PA), or the inability to recognize a familiar person by the face alone, had been considered to be a rare dysfunction mainly acquired by trauma to the brain. Recently we have shown that the congenital form of PA, which was considered to be even rarer, is common in Caucasians, with a prevalence of 2.5%. As these cases were familial we coined the term Hereditary Prosopagnosia (HPA). The present study is the first systematic screening for HPA in a defined population of ethnic Chinese. In 2004–2005, 533 out of around 750 medical students of The University of Hong Kong took part in a questionnaire‐based screening. The responses of 133 students indicated that they were likely to be candidates for PA. One hundred twenty agreed for diagnostic interview. Finally we made the clinical diagnosis of PA in 10 subjects. A prevalence of 1.88% (95% CI, 1.05–2.71) is established which is in the same range as in Caucasians. We took a detailed family history of four index prosopagnosic persons and were able to further investigate the families of four probands. Each had other first‐degree relatives with the same visual cognitive dysfunction. Thus, as in the Caucasians, regular autosomal dominant inheritance might best explain the segregation pattern. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathogenic significance of deletions distal to the currently described Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome critical regions on 4p16.3
Authors: South Sarah T. , Hannes Femke , Fisch Gene S. , Vermeesch Joris Robert , Zollino Marcella 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWithin recent years, numerous individuals have been identified with terminal 4p microdeletions distal to the currently described critical regions for the Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS). Some of these individuals do not display features consistent with WHS whereas others have a clinical phenotype with some overlap to the WHS phenotype. In this review we discuss the genetic and clinical presentation of these cases in an attempt to understand the consequence of monosomy of the genes distal to the proposed critical regions and identify the distal boundary for pathogenic genes involved in components of the WHS phenotype. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epoxy/nano‐silica composites: Curing kinetics, glass transition temperatures, dielectric, and thermal–mechanical performances
Authors: Zheng Yun , Chonung Kim , Wang Genlin , Wei Ping , Jiang Pingkai 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNano‐silica particles were employed for enhancement of epoxy vacuum pressure impregnating (V.P.I.) resin. The influences of nano‐silica particles on the curing reaction, glass transition temperatures, dielectric behavior, and thermomechanical performances were investigated. The activation energy (E) for the epoxy curing reaction was calculated according to Kissinger, Ozawa, and Friedman‐Reich‐Lev methods. The glass transition temperatures were determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, dc conduction, and ac dielectric loss analysis. Relationships between the glass transformation behaviors, the thermomechanical performances, and the dielectric behaviors were discussed. The influences of nano‐silica particles on the mechanical properties were also discussed in terms of non‐notched charpy impact strength and flexural strength. The morphologies were studied by means of SEM and TEM. The results indicated that nano‐silica particles could effectively increase both the toughness and strength of epoxy resin at low loadings (no more than 3 wt %) when nano‐silica particles could be well dispersed in epoxy matrix without any great aggregations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Structure development during crystallization and solid‐state processing of poly(glycolic acid)
Authors: Montes de Oca H. , Ward I. M. , Chivers R. A. , Farrar D. F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDSC and time‐resolved WAXS and SAXS are used to study the structure development during isothermal crystallization of poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) in the temperature range 180–195°C. It is shown that the crystallization rate increases with degree of supercooling in the temperature range of consideration. WAXS and DSC crystallinity measurements agree well and a final crystallinity of 50% is found independently of the crystallization temperature. In‐situ SAXS measurements indicate that for PGA the final crystal thickness approaches a limiting value of 70 Å independent of the crystallization temperature in the range 195–180°C. The material develops a well‐defined lamellar structure during crystallization at the highest crystallization temperature under study (195°C). We show that by increasing the degree of supercooling it is possible to hinder the formation of the lamellar structure and crystals, resulting in a less ordered structure. We report that PGA fibers with elastic modulus in the range 20–25 GPa can be prepared by adequate control of the structure before solid‐state plastic deformation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of compatibilizer on morphology, thermal, and rheological properties of polypropylene/functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes composite
Authors: Jin Sang Hyun , Kang Chang Heon , Yoon Kwan Han , Bang Dae Suk , Park Young‐Bin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by a corotating intermeshing twin screw extruder. To improve the dispersion of MWCNTs, the surface of MWCNT was modified with 1,10‐diaminodecane, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA‐g‐PP) was used as a compatibilizer. Micrographs of well dispersed functionalized MWCNTs (diamine‐MWCNT) were observed due to the reaction between MA‐g‐PP and diamine‐MWCNT in PP/MA‐g‐PP/diamine‐MWCNTs composites. The different behaviors in crystallization and melting temperatures of PP/MA‐g‐PP/diamine‐MWCNTs composite were observed compared to PP and PP/neat‐MWCNT. Especially, the decomposition temperature of the composite was increased by 50°C compared to PP. PP/MA‐g‐PP/diamine‐MWCNTs composite showed the highest complex viscosity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Breathing‐in/breathing‐out approach to preparing nanosilver‐loaded hydrogels: Highly efficient antibacterial nanocomposites
Authors: Thomas Varsha , Yallapu Murali Mohan , Sreedhar B. , Bajpai S. K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe key objective of developing novel materials for hygienic living conditions is to lower the risk of transmitting diseases and biofouling. To this end, a number of silver–hydrogel nanocomposite systems are under development. In this study, we attempted a unique strategy to prepare silver‐nanoparticle‐loaded poly(acrylamide‐co‐N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrolidone) hydrogel composites. To load nanosilver particles into such a nonionic hydrogel, a novel breathing‐in/breathing‐out (BI–BO) approach was employed. As the number of BI–BO cycles increased, the amount of the silver nanoparticles loaded into these hydrogels also increased. This behavior was obvious and was confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Furthermore, the hydrogel–silver‐nanoparticle composites were confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies. Antibacterial studies of these hydrogel–silver nanocomposites showed excellent results against Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity increased with the number of BI–BO cycles, and samples that underwent three BI–BO cycles showed optimal bactericidal activity. The degree of crosslinking and the silver content had a great influence on the antibacterial efficacy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of novel thermo‐ and pH‐responsive copolymers based on amphiphilic polyaspartamides
Authors: Moon Jong Rok , Park Young Hwan , Kim Ji‐Heung 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNovel amphiphilic, thermo‐ and pH‐responsive polyaspartamides showing both double‐responsive (pH and temperature) behavior and a sol‐gel transition were prepared and characterized. The polyaspartamide derivatives were synthesized by the successive aminolysis reactions of polysuccinimide using both hydrophobic N‐alkylamine (laurylamine, octylamine, hexylamine) and hydrophilic N‐isopropylethylenediamine. The composition of each component was analyzed by 1H NMR. At the intermediate composition range, the system showed a lower critical solution temperature behavior in water. The transition temperature (pH dependent) could be modulated by changing the alkyl chain length and graft composition. The temperature dependence of the nanoparticle size distribution of the polyaspartamide derivatives was also examined. The critical micelle concentration of the copolymers in a phosphate‐buffered saline (pH 7.4) solution ranged from 6 to 20 μg/L. In addition, physical gelation, i.e., a sol‐gel transition, was observed in a concentrated solution. These novel double‐responsive and injectable hydrogels have potential biomedical applications such as drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Cluster Formation as a Measure of Interpretability in Multiple Testing
Authors: Shaffer Juliet Popper 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMultiple test procedures are usually compared on various aspects of error control and power. Power is measured as some function of the number of false hypotheses correctly identified as false. However, given equal numbers of rejected false hypotheses, the pattern of rejections, i.e. the particular set of false hypotheses identified, may be crucial in interpreting the results for potential application.In an important area of application, comparisons among a set of treatments based on random samples from populations, two different approaches, cluster analysis and model selection, deal implicitly with such patterns, while traditional multiple testing procedures generally focus on the outcomes of subset and pairwise equality hypothesis tests, without considering the overall pattern of results in comparing methods. An important feature involving the pattern of rejections is their relevance for dividing the treatments into distinct subsets based on some parameter of interest, for example their means. This paper introduces some new measures relating to the potential of methods for achieving such divisions. Following Hartley (1955), sets of treatments with equal parameter values will be called clusters. Because it is necessary to distinguish between clusters in the populations and clustering in sample outcomes, the population clusters will be referred to as P ‐clusters; any related concepts defined in terms of the sample outcome will be referred to with the prefix outcome. Outcomes of multiple comparison procedures will be studied in terms of their probabilities of leading to separation of treatments into outcome clusters, with various measures relating to the number of such outcome clusters and the proportion of true vs. false outcome clusters. The definitions of true and false outcome clusters and related concepts, and the approach taken here, is in the tradition of hypothesis testing with attention to overall error control and power, but with added consideration of cluster separation potential.The pattern approach will be illustrated by comparing two methods with apparent FDR control but with different ways of ordering outcomes for potential significance: The original Benjamini–Hochberg (1995) procedure (BH), and the Newman–Keuls (Newman, 1939; Keuls, 1952) procedure (NK). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The impact of victim‐offender mediation: A cross‐national perspective
Authors: Umbreit Mark S. , Coates Robert B. , Roberts Ann Warner 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe field of victim‐offender mediation, now in its third decade, has grown extensively throughout North America and Europe, with programs in more than twelve hundred communities. This article reports on results from three related studies on the consequences of participating in victim‐offender mediation, including programs in four of the United States (Umbreit, 1996, 1994a, 1994b; Umbreit and Coates, 1993), four provinces of Canada (Umbreit, 1999, 1995c), and two cities in England (Umbreit and Roberts, 1996). VOM is implemented differently in various places, reflecting cultural norms and mores. Given innumerable ways of doing victim‐offender mediation, are there common experiences shared among participants that can inform program delivery and justice policy?The VOM model was found to be a highly transportable and flexible program in diverse settings. High levels of client satisfaction with both the process and outcome were found, and a high level of fairness was expressed. VOM continues to be a promising model, reflecting the principles of the restorative justice movement and offering a firm foundation of practice wisdom and research from which other newer forms of victim‐offender dialogue, such as family group conferences, circles, and boards, can benefit (Bazemore and Umbreit, 1999).
Visible‐Light‐Excited Singlet‐Oxygen Luminescence Probe Based on Re(CO)3Cl(aeip)
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ju , Wang Ke‐Zhi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new rhenium(I) complex, Re(CO)3Cl(aeip) [where aeip =2‐(anthracen‐9‐yl)‐1‐ethyl‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline], was designed and synthesized as a luminescence probe under visible light excitation at 410 nm for detection of singlet oxygen (1O2) in aqueous media. The new complex can specifically react with 1O2 in neutral and alkaline media, which results in remarkable luminescence enhancements, with 8‐ and 18.7‐fold increases in the luminescence quantum yields, respectively. The visible light excitation may allow the complex to be useful for biosystems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and characterization of imidazolinium surfactants derived from tallow fatty acids and diethylenetriamine
Authors: Bajpai Divya , Tyagi Vinod K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the synthesis of long‐chain dialkylamido imidazolines based on tallow fatty acids and diethylenetriamine, followed by their quaternization. Imidazolines were obtained by non‐solvent microwave synthesis using calcium oxide as support, which were then quaternized by using dimethyl sulfate as a quaternizing agent and iso‐propanol as a solvent, to produce cationic imidazolinium salts. The synthesized cationic imidazoline surfactants were evaluated for yield and cationic content. The instrumental techniques, viz. FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR, verified the formation of imidazolines and their subsequent quaternization. The surface‐active and performance properties of the cationic imidazolines in terms of critical micelle concentration, surface tension, dispersibility, emulsion stability, softening, rewettability and antistatic properties were also reported.
The effects of slope and slope position on local and upstream fluid threshold friction velocities
Authors: Huang Ning , Shi Feng , Pelt R. Scott Van 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn deserts, dunes are common aeolian landforms, and parallel ridges are common in cultivated land. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to simulate a stable wind blowing over slope beds of varying height and coupled with the slope‐compensating fluid threshold friction velocity formula. The model accurately reproduced patterns of flow deceleration at the slope toe and stoss flow acceleration. Based on the CFD‐based model, quantitative analyses of slope gradient and particle position on the initiation of particle movement are performed. Results indicate that the slope has a great influence on particle saltation in the windward slope, and the initiation of particle movement is particularly sensitive to particle position with respect to the slope. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A three‐dimensional analysis on lift‐off velocities of sand grains in wind‐blown sand flux
Authors: Zheng Xiaojing , Cheng Ning , Xie Li 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper focuses on a key problem in wind‐blown sand transport research, the lift‐off velocities of sand grains. A three‐dimensional grain‐bed collision model comprising an impact sand grain, a creeping sand grain and a sustaining grain is presented. Based on this model, the analytical formulae of sand grains' linear and angular velocities are derived. The rebound/ejected coefficient (ratio of rebound/ejected velocity to impact velocity) and angle are numerically calculated using the analytical formulae and they agree well with the experiment results, which indicates that the three‐dimensional model is credible and necessary. Comparisons of our results with the results gained by a two‐dimensional grain‐bed collision model show that all components of both rebound and ejected velocities gained by the three‐dimensional model are lower than the corresponding ones done by two‐dimensional model apart from the horizontal rebound velocity. It also shows the lateral velocity and the lateral angular velocity, as well as the upward angular velocity, cannot be obtained by a two‐dimensional model, and cannot be ignored when the impact velocity is high. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear Galerkin vs mixed finite element 2D flow fields
Authors: Putti Mario , Sartoretto Flavio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNumerical velocity fields arising from the solution of diffusion equations by the finite element (FE) and the mixed hybrid finite element (MHFE) schemes display different behaviors. In this paper we analyze the characteristics of the two different velocity fields in terms of both accuracy and mass balance properties. General theoretical findings are mostly concerned with the asymptotic behavior of the numerical schemes, i.e. they look at properties as the mesh size tends to zero. For practical applications, it is necessary to work with a fixed mesh of given size. Thus, we attempt to characterize the numerical flow field accuracy by analyzing the resulting mass balance characteristics on a fixed mesh. The comparison is carried out by using direct local mass balance evaluations and by calculating streamlines. We detail the important differences, advantages, and disadvantages of the two approaches. In particular, we show that both FE and MH are perfectly conservative (up to the residual of the linear system solution) if proper control volumes are used. MH streamlines are admissible, i.e. numerical normal fluxes across cell interfaces are continuous. Since continuity of the normal fluxes is not guaranteed by FE, the resulting streamlines are less accurate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basal cell adenoma with myoepithelial cell‐derived “stroma”: A new major salivary gland tumor entity
Authors: Dardick Irving , Daley Tom D. , van Nostrand A. W. Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of a unique variant of tubular‐trabecular basal cell adenoma are described. The unusual feature of the six examples reported is the richly cellular “stroma” composed of spindle cells coursing between the anastomosing cords of epithelial tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry of all six cases and electron microscopy of two examples illustrated the biphasic differentiation of the epithelial portion of this form of basal cell adenoma, with a central core of duct luminal cells bordered on either side by one or more layers of modified myoepithelial cells. By light microscopy, the features and arrangement of cells in “stromal” regions of this tumor convey a fibroblastic derivation. However, this population of cells stains strongly for S‐100 protein, ultrastructurally displays excessive external lamina production, intercellular junctions, and a growth pattern unlike fibroblasts, and is involved in the formation of extracellular mucinous materials. Such aspects indicate a second population of neoplastic myoepithelial cells in this tumor. Thus, this form of tubulartrabecular basal cell adenoma displays tricellular differentiation and, perhaps, may be considered either a hybrid basal cell adenoma and myoepithelioma or a cellular pleomorphic adenoma.
The role of the great toe in balance performance
Authors: Chou Shih‐Wei , Cheng Hsin‐Yi Kathy , Chen Jen‐Hua , Ju Yan‐Ying , Lin Yin‐Chou , Wong May‐Kuen Alice 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate great toe function in maintaining static and dynamic balance. Correlation among great toe length, body height, and balance performance parameters were also investigated. Thirty females (aged 22.1 ± 1.9 years) were tested in two great toe conditions: unconstrained and constrained. Balance testing was done in the following order: (1) static balance, single‐leg stance with right or left foot, eyes open or closed; (2) static balance, stance with both feet, eyes open or closed; (3) dynamic balance, left/right or forward/backward, rhythmic weight shifting; and (4) dynamic balance, target reaching test, eight targets within 90% limit of stability. Significant differences were found in sway velocity between the two toe conditions with eyes open or closed in single‐leg stance (p < 0.05). No difference was found between the two conditions while standing with both feet. For rhythmic weight shifting, significant differences in sway velocity were found in toe conditions and in weight‐shifting directions (p < 0.05). As to target reaching, significance was only noted in directional control scores. Great toe length was correlated with subject's height (r = 0.553, p < 0.05). Our results indicate that constraining the great toe deteriorated the subjects' single‐leg stance performance and worsened the directional control ability during forward/backward weight shifting. The importance of the great toe in balance may be taken into account in toe amputation or transfer in the future. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 549–554, 2009
Central venous catheter complications in sarcoma patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Israel Robert J. , Magill Cordon B. , Brennan Murray F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAs part of a prospective randomized study in patients with high grade soft tissue sarcoma (STS), 47 patients received post‐operative adjuvant Adriamycin. The method of administration was randomized to intravenous bolus (B) or to continuous 72 hour infusion (CI) via a Silastic right atrial catheter. Both groups received 60 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. There were nine hospital admissions for treatment related complications in four of the 26 CI patients compared to none in the 21 B patients (P = 0.03). All of the admissions related to complications involving the central venous catheter (CVC). This apparent increased risk for hospital admission secondary to treatment related complications in patients treated with CI must be considered in the planning of future therapeutic trials.