bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content bias in the neoplastic‐related items of the national board of medical examiners part II examination
Authors: Ruckdeschel John C. , Lea James W. , Brown Sam , Horton John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Education Evaluation Committee of the American Association for Cancer Education (AACE) attempted to employ the neoplastic‐related items from the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Part II examination in a study correlating program characteristics at various medical schools with performance on the neoplastic‐related items. All questions on the September, 1977 and April, 1978 NBME Part II examinations were reviewed by board certified medical oncologists who found an approximate 20% discordance between the AACE and NBME classifications. Content analysis of the neoplastic‐related items disclosed a preponderance of questions related to gynecologic cancer with few questions concerning the major solid tumors: lung, breast and colorectal cancer. In addition, virtually no questions related to the psychologic impact of cancer or to the therapy of cancer were asked. We conclude that the use of item by item performance scores from the neoplastic‐related items is inadequate for program analysis due to disagreements over what constitutes such an item and to content bias in the agreed upon items. We propose a coding system that may allow the results from current NBME examinations to be used in program evaluation.
An unusual manifestation of cryptococcal infection in a chronic lymphedematous arm
Authors: Lee Wyman Y. , Corder Michael P. , Platz Charles E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis case represents a long‐term survival of Hodgkin disease treated by radiation and chemotherapy but complicated by a chronic massive lymphedematous arm and an unusual localized cryptococcosis on the affected arm and a coincidental malignant melanoma. It emphasizes, therefore, the occurrence of localized cryptococcosis in an immuno‐suppressed patient and the need for early pathological diagnosis of such a group of patients.
Primary cultures of human prostatic epithelial cells from transurethral resection specimens
Authors: Clarke S. M. , Merchant D. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe objective of this work was to design a simple and reproducible method of culturing human prostatic epithelial cells from attainable tissue. This type of system is essential for in vitro studies of prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The most readily available source of prostatic tissue is the transurethral prostatic resection (TURP). This tissue can be obtained at surgery and processed immediately in the laboratory using standard cell culture techniques. By detailed sectioning and careful histologic examination of the tissue which represented the mirror image of each explant that was cultured, we found that tissue containing viable glandular structure yielded epithelial outgrowths. Pieces of tissue that did not yield epithelial outgrowth were composed only of fibromuscular stroma or contained acini which were damaged (usually cauterized). We concluded that this type of system can be used routinely to study prostatic disease on an individual basis.
Interference with in vivo growth and metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma (PA‐III) by ICRF‐159
Authors: Pollard Morris , Burleson Gary R. , Luckert Phyllis H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRat prostate adenocarcinoma III (PA III) cells metastasize spontaneously from extravascular implant sites through ipsilateral lymphatic channels to the lungs in which they develop as distinct expanding foci of tumors.ICRF‐159 (30 + 60 mg/kg body weight) was administered to rats with PA‐III cells at daily intervals from day 0 to 2 weeks (5 days/week). When the rats were examined after 35 and 40 days, the drug treatment caused a significant suppression of the primary tumor and of metastatic dissemination. When the treatment schedule with ICRF‐159 was delayed to day 18 in rats with metastasizing PA III cells, the progress of metastasis was thereafter interrupted or retarded significantly.Rats with PA II cells which metastasize in fulminant pattern through lymphatic and blood channels to multiple target organs were administered ICRF‐159 (60 mg/kg body weight) from day 0 for over 2 weeks. They died with disseminated tumors within days after cessation of treatments.
Influence of prostatic secretion protein on uptake of androgen‐receptor complex in prostatic cell nuclei
Authors: Pousette ÅKe , Björk Per , Carlström Kjell , Forsgren Björn , Högberg Bertil , Gustafsson Jan‐Åke 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic secretion protein (PSP) is a major component of rat prostatic cytosol, and this protein is also found in the prostatic fluid. Purified PSP was found to inhibit the nuclear uptake of the [3H]methyltrienolone‐receptor complex in vitro. Furthermore, purified PSP inhibited the binding of this androgen‐receptor complex to DNA‐cellulose. It is suggested that these effects of PSP may represent an intracellular control system regulating the concentration of PSP. Administration of estramustine, the dephosphorylated metabolite of the anti‐cancer drug estramustine phosphate (Estracyt®), to rats was found to decrease the weight of the prostate gland but to maintain the concentration of PSP, calculated as mg PSP/mg protein, at a constant level. In contrast, castration or administration of estradiol‐17β valerate decreased the weight of the prostate gland as well as the concentration of PSP. These findings indicate that the mechanism of action of estramustine is at least partially different from that of estradiol‐17β. Furthermore, it is suggested that estramustine may exert part of its action through its effects on the concentration of PSP.
Cell separation and characterization of epithelial cells from human benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Oishi K. , Romijn J. C. , Schröder F. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpithelial cells were isolated from human prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) after mechanical disruption of the tissue. The tissue was cut into small pieces, then mechanical pressure was applied. Stroma and epithelium were separated by a sequence of sedimentation steps. The recovery rate of epithelial cells was around 20 million cells per gram of tissue and more than 95% of the cells did exclude trypan blue. Epithelial cells can be identified by phase contrast microscopy and by the acid phosphatase content of the cells. In more than 95% of the cells the presence of acid phosphatase could be shown cytochemically with phosphorylcholine as a substrate. This finding indicates that the contamination with other cell types is very small. Histological study of the remaining stroma indicates that most of the epithelial cells are removed. Also, the acid phosphatase content of this fraction was found to be very low. The problem of obtaining large quantities of stromal cells in suspension has not yet been resolved. However, the technique described may be more suitable than others for the separate study of stroma and epithelium from BPH.
Effect of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy on the R3327 MAT‐Ly Lu tumor
Authors: Kadmon Dov , Heston Warren D. W. , Fair William R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe R3327 MAT‐Ly Lu is a prostate derived, anaplastic, hormone independent carcinoma. It spreads primarily to regional lymph nodes, followed by lung metastases. Combination therapy with surgery (tumor removal with or without regional lymphadenectomy) and chemotherapy (ICRF‐159) was more effective treatment than either one alone. Primary tumor excision plus lymphadenectomy appeared to reduce the number of pulmonary metastases.
Melanin‐like pigment in the human prostate
Authors: Seman Gabriel , Gallager H. Stephen , Johnson Douglas E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty surgical specimens of prostate [1 histologically normal, 8 with benign hyperplasia (BPH), and 11 with cancer (PCa)] were examined by histochemical staining methods for the presence of a melanin‐like pigment that we first observed in organ culture. Fontana‐Masson‐positive pigment was observed in epithelial cells of the normal specimen, of five BPH and of eight PCa. The distribution of pigment in BPH was unpredictable and patchy. The pigment was consistently absent in neoplastic epithelia. Silver‐positive stromal cells also were observed in a number of the specimens. The epithelial pigment reacted to histochemical stains in part like melanin, in part like lipofuscin. It probably represents an endogenous pigment similar to other types of noncutaneous melanins.
Densitometric and morphometric evaluation of growth in primary cultures of rat ventral prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Terracio Louis , Douglas William H. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study describes a method for establishing primary cultures in 24‐well culture vessels and evaluating the effects of serum, hormones, and other factors on cell growth using densitometry. Primary cultures of rat ventral prostate epithelial cells were grown in 24‐well culture vessels containing F12K culture medium supplemented with various concentrations of the following substances: fetal bovine serum (FBS), horse serum (HS), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), hydrocortisone (HC), zinc (Zn), transferrin (TR), cysteine (CYS), glutamine (GLT), selenium (SEL), and ascorbic acid (AC). The effect of each supplement on cell growth was evaluated on fixed and stained cultures using a photovoltaic cell densitometer designed to read the total culture surface of a 16‐mm well. Increasing concentrations of both HS and FBS resulted in an increase in cell growth. T, Zn, HC, TR, and AC each had a stimulatory effect on cell growth. CYS, GLT, and DHT had little effect on cell growth, while SEL was inhibitory to cell growth. This data compares favorably with that obtained by other methods, such as morphometric analysis and ornithine decarboxylase production. These results indicate that densitometry is a useful method for determining the effect of supplements on cell growth in primary culture.
Prostatic binding protein, polyamine, and dna synthesis in rat ventral prostate cells
Authors: McKeehan Wallace L. , Glass Howard A. , Rosser Mary P. , Adams Pamela S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic binding protein (PBP), polyamine, and DNA synthesis were examined in primary cultures of rat ventral prostate cells. Soon after aggregates of prostate cells were placed in culture, PBP synthesis fell dramatically and DNA synthetic activity in the epithelial cells increased. The amount of polyamines that were labeled with [3H] from [3H]ornithine fell transiently, but rose again at or before the peak of DNA synthesis. Individual 3H‐labeled polyamines in cells and medium were dansylated and separated by thin‐layer chromatography. The ratio of [3H]Spermidine plus [3H]Spermine to [3H]Putrescine in the culture medium declined as DNA synthesis increased. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity fell dramatically along with PBP synthesis even as DNA synthesis and 3H‐labeled polyamines increased in the prostate‐cell cultures. These results support others that suggest that high ODC activity in prostate epithelial cells is a correlate of prostate epithelial cell function rather than proliferation. However, prostate epithelial cells retain the capacity to synthesize significant levels of polyamines from ornithine (especially Putrescine) during proliferation even when ODC activity is low.
Nuclear androgen receptor assay in biopsy‐size specimens of human prostatic tissue
Authors: Blankenstein M. A. , Bolt‐DeVries J. , Foekens J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNuclear androgen receptors in benign and malignant human prostatic tumors were estimated with a nuclear exchange assay to evaluate the applicability of the assay to biopsy‐size tissue samples. The mean nuclear androgen receptor content of six different prostate samples was not dependent on the amount of tissue used. In contrast, however, there was no significant correlation between the results obtained for individual prostates when large samples (500 mg) and samples weighing 100, 50 (r = 0.38, n = 14), and 25 mg were compared. This lack of correlation could not be attributed to variations in the assay nor to differences in the percentage of epithelium in the samples. There was no effect of the presence of molybdate on the estimated nuclear androgen receptor level. We concluded that androgen receptors are distributed nonhomogeneously over prostatic tissue and that androgen receptor assays on multiple biopsies are required to obtain a proper estimate of the true androgen receptor content of the tissue.
Effect of molybdate on androgen receptor levels in canine prostate
Authors: Naritoku Wesley Y. , Howard Edwin B. , Britt James O. , Markland Francis S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparative study on the stabilizing effect of sodium molybdate on androgen receptors was performed using canine prostates. Prostates from intact male dogs of mixed breeds were run in parallel sucrose density gradient analyses, using buffer systems with or without molybdate. Prostates that were homogenized in a molybdate buffer showed a significant increase in androgen receptor content relative to those in a molybdate‐free system.
Age‐adjusted mortality rate and regional distribution for prostatic carcinoma in Italy between 1969 and 1978
Authors: Di Silverio F. , La Pera G. , Tenaglia R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe age‐adjusted mortality rate for prostatic carcinoma in Italy between 1969 and 1978 was calculated, as was the regional distribution for this disease. An overall increase in mortality was found, but the increase of the age‐adjusted data was not statistically significant. The regional distribution of age‐adjusted mortality rate showed a difference between northern and southern Italy, even when errors that can affect these findings were taken into consideration. At present, however, the size of these errors is not known. Such factors should not, however, prevent development of useful information and indications, but they should not be overlooked in an analytical interpretation of the data.
Effect of inhibitors or RNA and protein synthesis on mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase response to testosterone in rat ventral prostate
Authors: Franklin R. B. , Brandly R. L. , Costello L. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prostate gland is unusual in that it has a high content of citric acid compared with other soft tissues. The mechanism of citrate accumulation in prostate is unknown. One possibility is that aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) could supply an extra Krebs cycle source of oxaloacetate for citrate formation. Since testosterone regulates citrate production and secretion and strong transaminase activity exists in prostate, a relationship between AAT and citrate production could exist if testosterone also regulates AAT activity. To investigate this possibility, animals were castrated and given testosterone. After a total castration period of 72 hours, animals were sacrificed and mitochondrial AAT activity determined. Results revealed that castration decreased AAT activity and testosterone replacement stimulated activity. Neither castration nor testosterone affected malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity. Both actinomycin D and cycloheximide blocked the testosterone stimulation of AAT activity. These studies indicate that testosterone may regulate AAT activity in rat ventral prostate. Furthermore, regulation may occur through testosterone stimulation of specific RNA and protein synthesis.
Intravenous application of omega‐3 fatty acids in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. The ORA‐1 trial. An open pilot study
Authors: Leeb Burkhard F. , Sautner Judith , Andel Ingrid , Rintelen Bernhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe objective of this work was to assess the therapeutic efficacy and to lerability of intravenously applied n‐3‐PUFA in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thirty‐four patients with active RA [identified as having a DAS28 (disease activity score including a 28 joint count) >4.0] were enrolled into this 5‐wk open pilot study (one group design). From the time of screening (visit 0, or V0), background therapy had to remain unchanged. Patients received 2 mL/kg(=0.1–0.2 g fish oil/kg) fish oil emulsion intravenously on 7 consecutive days (Visit 1–Visit 2, or V1–V2) in addition to their background therapy. A decrease of the DAS28>0.6 at day 8 (Visit 2) was the primary efficacy measure. Moreover, the DAS28 at day 35 (Visit 3, or V3), the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response criteria (V2, V3) and the Short Form‐36 (V3) were assessed. Thirty‐three patients completed the trial. The mean DAS28 at V1 was 5.45; at V2, 4.51 (P<.001 V1–V2) and at V3, 4.73 (P<.001 V1–V3; V2–V3, not significantly different). Of the 34 patients, 56% achieved a reduction of the DAS28>0.6 at V2 (mean 1.52); 27%>1.2. At V3, 41% of the patients showed a DAS28 reduction >0.6 (mean 1.06), and 36%>1.2. ACR 20 and 50% responses at V2 were seen in 29 and 12% of patients, respectively; at V3, the comparable values were 18 and 9%, respectively. Overall tolerability was excellent. Intravenous application of n‐3‐PUFA (as an add‐on therapy) was considerably well tolerated and led to improvement of the disease activity status in a reasonable number of RA patients. Future trials are warranted to answer whether the intravenous application of n‐3‐PUFA constitutes a therapeutic option in RA patients.
Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 7. Biologically active hemi‐ and monoterpenoid glycosides
Authors: Dembitsky Valery M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis review article presents 90 hemi‐ and 188 monoterpenoid glycosides, isolated and identified from plants and microorganisms, that demonstrate different biological activities. These natural bioactive glycosides are good prospects for future chemical preparations from these compounds as antioxidants and as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antibacterial agents. These glycosidic compounds have been subdivided into several groups, including hemiterpenoids; acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenoids; and iridoid monoterpenoids.
n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids endogenously synthesized in fat‐1 mice are enriched in the mammary gland
Authors: Ma David W. L. , Ngo Victoria , Huot Pedro S. P. , Kang Jing X. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, we determined the phospholipid FA composition in the mammary gland of the transgenic Fat‐1 mouse. This is the first animal model developed that can endogenously synthesize n−3 PUFA. The synthesis of n−3 PUFA is achieved through the expression of the fat‐1 transgene encoding for an n−3 desaturase from Caenorhabditis elegans, which utilizes n−6 PUFA as substrate. Wild‐type and Fat‐1 female mice were terminated at 7 wk of age and the fifth mammary gland was removed. Lipids were extracted and phospholipids were separated by TLC and converted to FAME for analysis by GC. There was no significant change in total saturated, monounsaturated, and PUFA composition. However, there was a significant increase in total n−3 PUFA and a corresponding decrease in n−6 PUFA. The major n−3 PUFA that were enriched included 20:5n−3 and 22:6n−3. The n−6 PUFA that were reduced included 20:4n−6, 22:4n−6, and 22:5n−6. Overall, these findings demonstrate that female Fat‐1 mice have elevated levels of n−3 PUFA in the mammary gland. Moreover, the n−3 desaturase products are the same n−3 PUFA found in fish oil, which have been shown to have chemoprotective properties against breast cancer. Therefore, this newly developed mouse model may be highly useful for investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms by which n−3 PUFA prevents and inhibits breast cancer growth.
Dietary comparison of conjugated linolenic acid (9 cis, 11 trans, 13 trans) and α‐tocopherol effects on blood lipids and lipid peroxidation in alloxan‐induced diabetes mellitus in rats
Authors: Dhar P. , Bhattacharyya D. , Bhattacharyya D. K. , Ghosh S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study investigated the dietary effect of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) on lipid profiles and lipid peroxidations in alloxan‐induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetic rats were fed with 20% sunflower oil (diabetic control), sunflower oil supplemented with 0.5% CLnA, sunflower oil supplemented with 0.15% α‐tocopherol, and sunflower oil containing 0.25% CLnA+0.15% α‐tocopherol. The results demonstrated that 0.5% CLnA, 0.15% α‐tocopherol, and 0.25% CLnA+0.15% α‐tocopherol each on supplementation significantly lowered total cholesterol and non‐HDL‐cholesterol in comparison with the diabetic control group. The TAG level was significantly lowered in both the 0.15% α‐tocopherol and 0.25% CLnA+0.15% α‐tocopherol groups. LDL lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation were reduced significantly in each of the experimental groups vs. the control group. The CLnA+α‐tocopherol diet induced a greater reduction in membrane lipid and liver lipid peroxidation than the α‐tocopherol diet alone. In conclusion, dietary CLnA exerts antioxidant activity as evidenced by reduced lipid peroxidation in chemically induced diabetes mellitus.
Lymphatic transport of a physical mixture of medium‐and long‐chain TAG in rats
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroyuki , Funabashi Jun , Ooyama Katsuhiko , Aoyama Toshiaki , Sugano Michihiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphatic transport of a mixture of medium‐chain TAG (MCT) and long‐chain TAG (LCT) was studied in lymph‐cannulated rats. Animals were administered a test emulsion containing either triolein, tricaprylin, or a 1∶1 mixture of triolein and tricaprylin, and the lymph was collected for 24 h. The lymphatic recovery rate of medium‐chain FA (MCFA) was significantly higher in rats given the TAG mixture than in those given MCT alone. The lymphatic recovery rate of long‐chain FA (LCFA) also was significantly higher in rats given the TAG mixture than in those given LCT alone. No TAG containing three MCFA (i.e., MCT) was detected, and 37.7% of TAG containing one or two MCFA was detected in the lymph TAG when rats were given the TAG mixture. These results indicate that lymphatic transport of MCFA and LCFA can be modified by the combination of MCT and LCT.