bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological Manifestations Associated with Cold Hemagglutinin Syndrome Report of Two Cases
Authors: TAKAYANAGI Tetsuya , MIYAZAKI Motoji , ASAI Ichitaro 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTwo cases of cold hemagglutinin syndrome associated with neurological manifestations were reported. One was a 52‐year‐old woman with acute hemolytic anemia which developed following grippe. Cold hemagglutinin titer was elevated to 1:1,024. Neurological manifestations were apathy, confusion, auditory hallucination and EEG abnormality. Steroid administration cleared these neurological abnormalities and EEG was reverted to normal. The other was a 77‐year‐old man with chronic hemolytic anemia. Cold hemagglutinin titer was extraordinarily elevated (1:32,768, 1:524,‐288). Neurological abnormalities were almost confined to the cerebellar system. Hormonal therapy was completely unrewarding and the patient was incapacitated from his daily activity. From the literature some of the reported cases of hemolytic anemia associated with neurological abnormalities, particularly in reference to cold hemagglutinin syndrome, were briefly described. The present authors consider 2 reported cases fall in the category of “Syndromes neuro‐hémolytiques” by French school.
Neuroendocrinological Studies in Mental Disorders and Psychotropic Drugs:
Authors: YAMASHITA Itaru , MOROJI Takashi , YAMAZAKI Kosuke , KATO Hiroaki , SAKASHITA Ayumu , ONODERA Isao , ITO Kozo , OKADA Fumihiko , SAITO Yoshiro , TAMAKOSHI Makoto , SUWA Nozomi 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe circadian variation of the adrenocortical hormone levels in plasma was studied in 105 patients with various mental disorders. Examinations were repeated on the same subjects to follow up changes in the course of the diseases. Effects of prolonged administration of Methamphetamine and Chlorpromazine on the circadian rhythm of plasma corticosteroids were also investigated in albino rats.Schizophrenics who had completely recovered from their illness showed a normal and stable circadian cycle of plasma 17‐ hydroxycorticosteroid (17‐OHCS), with the highest value early in the morning and the lowest in the late evening. Schizophrenics in an acute stage of disease and also those in an extreme state of personality deterioration exhibited marked disturbances of the diurnal rhythm of the plasma 17‐OHCS levels.In depression, the rhythm was always normal in a group of patients, while in another group with extremely severe symptoms or strong tendency to relapse it was often found to be disturbed at the height of the disease.Twelve of 13 subjects with general paresis showed alterations in the circadian pattern of plasma 17‐OHCS and also the enlarged lateral and third ventricles on pneumoencephalogram (PEG). One exceptional case with a normal circadian variation had a normal PEG picture.Among hospitalized epileptics, those subjects with only slight dementia and personality change demonstrated no abnormalities of the diurnal rhythm, whereas in those patients who showed such psychic symptoms as hallucinations, delusions or conspicuous personality disorganization had significant loss of the circadian pattern of plasma cortisol.Alteration in the circadian pattern of plasma corticosteroids were also observed in rats treated with daily injections of Methamphetamine or Chlorpromazine for certain periods of time.In consideration of these data and other reports on the role of the central nervous system in maintaining the circadian pattern of the adrenocortical hormone in blood, the authors postulated a kind of pathological process in the central nervous system in schizophrenic illness, though not determined whether it is diffuse or focal.
Somatosensory Evoked Responses in Patients with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning as compared with those in Schizophrenics
Authors: IKUTA Takumi 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

The IIA ‐SER Pattern (Inter‐Individual A verage Somatosensory Evoked Response Pattern) of 87 mâle adult subjects, who were coalminers and exposed to CO‐gas in an accidental explosion in the coal mine 3 years prior to the present study and were surviving with or without residual symptoms at the time of the present study, was shown as the figure and as the series of numbers representing the deviations of the pattern from an estimated isoelectric line at intervals of 5 msec in latency.
The IIA‐SER Pattern of the CO poisoned consisted of the components N1, P1, N2, P2, N3, P3 and N4, with the latencies of 20, 25, 35, 40, 75, 105 and 165 msec, respectively.
The IIA‐SER Pattern of the CO poisoned was compared with that of mâle adult schizophrenics presented in the previous study. (1) The troughs of Ni, N2 and, especially, N3 were deeper, and the latencies of Pi and P2 were smaller in the IIA‐SER Pattern of the CO poisoned than in that of schizophrenics. (2) The Pattern of Vertical Difference between IIA‐SER Patterns of the CO poisoned and of schizophrenics attained to maximum at 60 msec in latency.
“Sleep Apnoea” and Sleep Regulating Mechanism –A case effectively treated with monochlorimipramine–
Authors: KUMASHIRO Hisashi , SATO Mitsumoto , HIRATA Junichiro , BABA Osamu , OTSUKI Saburo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe patient was a 69‐year old male, with apnoea‐tonic convulsion in sleep as the chief complaint. Over the period of 17 years prior to his admission to our clinic he had been treated as a case of night epilepsy, without improvement but aggravation. Satisfactory results of our treatment are briefly summarized as follows.

Anticonvulsants including diphenyl‐hydantoin proved ineffective, and phenobar‐bital aggravated seizures markedly.
Methyl phenidate and imipramine or monochlorimipramine proved to be effective, and the last drug was completely suppressed the sleep apnoea. During 15 months after discharge the continuous use of this drug has effectively inhibited the seizures up to date.
EEG of our case shows abnormal sleep pattern which has no deep sleep pattern. And no remarkable EEG changes were observed before and after administration of monochlorimipramine, but body movements during sleep were more frequent after the administration.
By recording EEG at the onset of this seizure there was recognized flat EEG suggesting that the tonic convulsion occurring after apnoea is an anoxic convulsion.
As for the action mechanism of monochlorimipramine, on the basis of our findings that this sleep apnoea is closely associated with a certain depth of sleep, which resembles sleep paralysis of narcolepsy, and it has been concluded that the action mechanism of imipramine and monochlorimipramine is directed to the disturbance of sleep regulating mechanism.
It is assumed that the mechanism of the present case consists of visceral crisis of tabes dorsalis, resultant hypoexcitability of the brain stem reticular activating system and disturbance of sleep regulating mechanism.
Prefrontal Cortex and Emotional Behaviors
Authors: SATO Mitsumoto 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWith 13 tame cats as the subjects, of which 10 had bilateral prefrontal lesions, and 3 as the control group with temporal lesion only, a study was carried out on changes occurring in spontaneous behaviors and hypothalamic rage threshold (HRT) after receiving lesions. As a result it has been demonstrated that behavioral changes appear as hyperreactivity, emotional hyperreactivity and perseverative tendencies. As for the changes in the HRT there can be observed instability of HRT, an increase in reactivity, and a rise in HRT of the group without behavioral change. On the basis of these results it has been pointed out that the lateral surface of prefrontal cortext is involved in the process of the organism in incorporating changes of external circumstance into the HRT, and the orbital surface acts inhibitorily on the HRT.
Photic and Bemegride Activation of Triphasic Waves in Portal‐Systemic Encephalopathy
Authors: KOJIMA Takuya , MIYASAKA Matué , MORIYA Hirobumi , FUKUZAWA Hitoshi , SHIMAZONO Yasuo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryPhotic stimulation from 0.5 to 20cps flickers was given on 7 cases of portal‐systemic encephalopathy. The triphasic waves were increased by the stimulation (mostly appearing synchronously with 2.0–3.5 cps of flicker) in all cases at least more than once in repeated EEG examinations.Bemegride activation was performed on three cases who had theta and alpha background activity with very poor delta waves. The triphasic waves increased in number remarkably in two cases and poorly in one.Based on these reactions to the photic stimulation and bemegride activation, it was suggested that the triphasic waves and epileptic discharges might have some similar mechanism in their production.(This study was presented at 18th annual meeting of Japan EEG Society, 1969
Effect of 7‐Bromo‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐3H‐l, 4‐benzodiazepine‐2(1H)‐one, Bromazepam (Ro 5–3350), a New Minor Tranquilizer, on Psychoneurosis with Special Reference to the Obsessive‐Compulsive Symptoms
Authors: OKUMA Teruo , NAKAO Takehisa , OGURA Chikara , KISHIMOTO Akira , MAJIMA Kazuaki 
Published: March 2008

SummaryClinical application of a minor tranquilizer bromazepam, 7‐Bromo‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐3H‐1,4‐benzodiazepine‐2(lH)‐one (Ro 5–3350) was made on 18 cases of obsessive‐compulsive neurosis, 10 of anxiety neurosis, 6 hypochondriasis, 4 hysteria and 3 of phobia of bodily odor.

In 18 cases of obsessive‐compulsive neurosis, bromazepam was found markedly effective in 6, effective in 3, fairly effective in 5, ineffective in 2, and aggravated in 2 cases. The effective cases were those with obsessive thinking and manifest anxiety. In other kind of neurosis, bromazepam was markedly effective in 5 and effective in 2 of 10 anxiety neurotic cases, whereas it was almost ineffective in the cases of hypochondriasis, hysteria and phobia of bodily odor.
The maximum daily dose of bromazepam was 10 to 20 mg in many cases, and 20 to 30 mg in some other cases. The durg is quick‐acting to such an extent that it took 2 to 5 days for its action to become manifest in markedly effective cases.
Various laboratory tests revealed no appreciable abnormality in most cases where bromazepam was employed. Physical side effects such as slight hypotension, dizziness, and sleepiness were observed in a few cases, and mental side effects such as loquaciousness and restlessness in about 20 cases.
The target symptoms of bromazepam were suggested to be anxiety, tension, and irritation like previously reported other benzodiazepines. The fact that its action of relieving anxiety and tension and of elevating mood was found to be more potent than those of other benzodiazepines and that it was effective on some obsessive‐compulsive neurosis that showed little response to other benzodiazepines, suggested that bromazepam is a potent and characteristic new minor tranquilizer of clinical value.
Somatosensory Evoked Responses in Carbon Monoxide Poisoned Subjects (1): Application of Amplitude Scaling
Authors: IKUTA Takumi 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

With 87 CO‐poisoned subjects of coal miners, the differences in the IPA‐SER Pattern (Inter‐Personal Average Somatosensory Evoked Response Pattern) between the severe and mild cases were studied. Then the severe and mild cases were discriminated by their SER pattern according to the values of Discriminant Function, and the rate of coincidence of the discrimination with the clinical graduation of the individual subjects was obtained.

In the IPA‐SER Pattern, the latencies of P3 and N4 were larger with the severe cases than with the mild cases.
The rate of coincidence of the discrimination by SER pattern with the clinical graduation of the individual subjects was 58.6% in all.

Applying the newly adopted technique, Amplitude Scaling, in which the different amplitudes of each individual SER patterns were scaled into percentages in order to eliminate the individual differences in amplitude, the differences in the Scaled IPA‐SER Pattern between the sever and mild cases were studied. Then the severe and mild cases were discriminated by their Scaled SER Pattern according to the values of Discriminant Function, and the rate of coincidence of the discrimination with the clinical graduation of the individual subjects was obtained.

In the Scaled IPA‐SER Pattern, the latencies of P1, N3, P3 and N4 were larger with the severe cases than those with the mild cases.
The rate of coincidence of the discrimination by Scaled SER Pattern with the clinical graduation of the individual subjects attained to 71.3% in all.
Somatosensory Evoked Responses in Carbon Monoxide Poisoned Subjects (2): Influences of Ages
Authors: IKUTA Takumi 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWith SERs recorded from 87 CO‐poison‐ed male adult subjects, ranging in age from 23 to 56 years (median 43), the influences of ages on SERs were studied. Further, the method how to neutralize the influences from SERs was tested successfully.

There were individual SER patterns with larger amplitudes in the senior cases than in the junior cases, dividing the senior and junior cases by the median age. Consequently, the amplitude of IPA‐SER Pattern (Inter‐Personal Average Somatosensory Evoked Response Pattern) was larger with the senior cases than with the junior cases. The latencies of the components of IPA‐SER Pattern were larger with P3 and N4 but smaller with N3, with the senior cases than with the junior cases. The rate of correct discrimination of the senior and junior cases by SER patterns was 67.8% in all.
Scaling the amplitudes of each individual SER patterns into percentages, Scaled SER Patterns were obtained. The amplitude of Scaled IPA‐SER Pattern was larger with the senior cases than with the junior cases. The latencies of the components of Scaled IPA‐SER Pattern were larger with P3 and P4, with the senior cases than with the junior cases, but the values were the same with N1, P1, N2, P2 and N3. The rate of correct discrimination of the senior and junior cases by Scaled SER Patterns was 69.0% in all.
Applying the Age‐Correction, the very coinciding Age‐Corrected IPA‐SER Patterns of the senior and junior cases were obtained. Latencies of the components were the same between these 2 Age‐Corrected IPA‐SER Patterns. The rate of correct discrimination of the senior and junior cases by Age‐Corrected SER Patterns was 51.7% in all.
It was concluded that every part of the SER pattern changes linearly in the vertical direction with age, at least within the range of age, from 23 to 56 years.
Hereditary Spastic Ataxia: Report of a Family Through Four Generations
Authors: ISHINO Hiroshi , SATO Mitsumoto , TERAO Akira , HAYAHARA Toshiyuki , OTSUKI Saburo , HOAKI Takayuki 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe authors reported five cases of here‐ditary ataxia (Marie). The same symptoms of the disease have been observed through four generations in ten members of this family. Clinical and pathological features of one of five cases were as follows:

Clinical course: A male, aged thirty‐eight at the time of death, complained of spastic‐ataxic gait at the age of twenty‐five, which was followed gradually by double vision dysarthria. At the age of thirty‐six, the patient became bedridden, demented and depressed, accompanied with confusional‐oneiroid state in the night. Neurologically he showed accomodation paralysis, horizontal nystagumus, slight nerve deafness, logoclonia and cerebellar ataxia. Deep tendon reflexes were exaggerated, there was a Babinski unilaterally. Muscle atrophy as well as rigidity of the lower limbs was noted. He died after the clinical course of thirteen years.
Autopsy findings: Macroscopically pons, medulla oblongata, spinal cord and cerebellum were small. In frontal sections, moderate enlargement of lateral ventricles was noted. On cross‐section, transverse fibers of pons were diminished in number and gray matter of spinal cord was unsharply‐defined. White matter of cerebellar hemispheres was narrower than normal.Microscopically, ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts were degenerated from lower thoracic segments to lateral sides of corpus restiforme. In addition, moderate demyelination of fasciculus gracilis (Goll) was found from thoracic segments to refgion of pyramidal decussation. Marked diminution of anterior horn cells was found. Chronic cell change of nerve cells of pontine nucleus, severe disparation of nerve cells and scattering of melanin pigments in substantia nigra were also found. Cerebellum was almost normal.
This case belongs to hereditary spastic ataxia (Greenfield). In this case, degeneration of anterior horn cells and substantia nigra was also found. Clinical and pathological comparison with nine cases reported in the literature was made.
The Effect of Fusaric Acid, Inhibitor of Dopamine β‐hydroxylase, on Reaction to Alcohol in Chronic Alcoholics: Clinical Findings
Authors: OGATA Motoi , SANADA Hiroshi , TERAOKA Masatoshi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIn order to explore the question if dopamine β‐hydroxylase inhibitor alone has a disulfiram‐like effect on alcohol, fusaric acid, a potent inhibitor of dopamine β‐hydroxylase, was administered to 23 gamma alcoholics. The alcohol‐test was made twice, prior to administration of fusaric acid and after one week of the treatment. Significant effects of the agent on reaction to alcohol were observed in the symptom of flushing of face, a fall in blood pressure, change of the taste, and feeling of getting drunk. These symptoms were more slight than those of the alcohol‐disulfiram reaction. However, it was emphasized that the mechanism of the alcohol‐disulfiram reaction is not explained by only a transient hyperacetaldehydemia, but may be also related to the metabolism of both catecholamines and serotonin. Further clinical studies are needed to assess therapeutic use of te compound in the treatment of chronic alcoholism.The fusaric acid was supplied from Banyu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. with a favor of Professor Hamao Umezawa, Director of Institute of Biseibutsu Kagaku to meet with the request of one of the authors, Motoi Ogata, M.D.
A Case of Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease)
Authors: ISHINO Hiroshi , HIGASHI Hirofumi , HAYAHARA Toshiyuki , IKEDA Hisao , OTSUKI Saburo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryClinico‐pathological descriptions were made on a case of Binswanger's disease, in whom the illness began with Parkinsonism and followed by progressive dementia. The authors compared the clinico‐pathological findings with those of the cases reported in the literature.
An Autopsy Case of “Pseudo‐Ulegyric Type” of Hepatocerebral Disease
Authors: ISHINO Hiroshi , HIRATA Jun'ichiro , KURODA Shigetoshi , OTSUKI Saburo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe authors reported a case of “pseudo‐ulegyric type” of hepatocerebral disease.1) Clinical course: A male aged 21 at the time of death. The patient had unbalanced diet. The illness began with insomnia and confusional state during the night. Recurring periods of clouding of consciousness lasting several hours were noted. About 5 months after the onset, he became bedridden and showed incontinence. In the later stage the intermittent periods of normality became shorter, and muscular rigidity set in in four limbs. Emaciation was marked, and he regressed mentally. Liver function test showed a slight degree of damage. Death occurred about one year after the onset of the disease.2) Pathological examination showed pseudo‐ulegyric change as well as laminar cortial necrosis in the insula, T.2, T.3 and temporo‐occipital regions on both sides, which were marked in the bottom of the sulci. Alzheimer's type II of glial cells were found diffusely in the cerebral cortex, in the nucleus of which Carmin‐positive substance was found.3) Clinico‐pathological comparison was made with 6 cases in the literature.
A Sporadic Case of Cerebral Lipidosis in an Adult (Kufs)
Authors: ISHINO Hiroshi , ISHIZU Hiroshi , SARAI Keisuke 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe authors reported a sporadic case of adult type of amaurotic idiocy.A female patient who had no specific hereditary taint had well worked as a primary schoolteacher until she married at the age of 27. About the same time she showed slight mental disturbance such as personality change and mild dementia. Subsequently her mental deterioration aggravated, so that she was obliged to retire from school 6 years after the onset of the disease. Then a gait disturbance and the following symptoms successively appeared: muscular rigidity, finger tremor, cerebellar symptoms, myoclonic jerks of the four limbs and generalized convulsions. EEG showed generalized spike and wave complex. The patient died of pneumonia at the age of 42 after the clinical course of 15 years.At autopsy, the brain weighed 900 g. and a moderate enlargement of the lateral ventricles was noted.Histologically the prominent feature was the swelling of the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex except for the area striata. In the regions other than the cerebral cortex, the distention of the neurons was found in the thalamus, oculomotor nucleus, substantia nigra, pontine nucleus, olivary nucleus, Purkinje cells, dentate nucleus and anterior horn cells of the spinal cord.Histochemical examination revealed the storage substance in the nerve cells consisted mainly of phospholipid with PAS‐positive glycolipid. Among the phospholipid sphingomyelin was dominantly exhibited.
Effects of Caudate Stimulation on Unitary and Mass Responses of the Visual Cortex to Light
Authors: KADOBAYASHI Iwao , AMANO Yoshio , YAMANE Hideo , MIYAMOTO Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2008

SummaryEffects of caudate stimulation on unitary and mass responses of the visual cortex to flash were studied in light barbiturate anesthetized, or immobilized cats. A conditioning shock to the caudate nucleus produced an increase in amplitude of the primary components of the photically evoked potential in the lateral gyrus. The increase in amplitude of the potential was caused by bilateral caudate stimulation. Marked effects of caudate stimulation were observed at several conditioning‐test intervals. Unitary responses of the visual cortical neurons to light were enhanced or inhibited by the conditioning shock to the caudate nucleus. Enhancement of firing in response to light was more commonly seen in units which fired primarily after flash, but inhibition in those showing a primary neuronal silence and in those with irregular reaction and with no reaction. It is concluded that the caudate nucleus has an intimate functional interrelation with other structures in the brain stem.