bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of novel thermal sprayed antibacterial coating and evaluation of release properties of silver ions
Authors: Noda Iwao , Miyaji Fumiaki , Ando Yoshiki , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Shimazaki Takafumi , Yonekura Yutaka , Miyazaki Masaki , Mawatari Masaaki , Hotokebuchi Takao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have addressed the use of antibacterial coating to reduce implant‐associated infections. In this study, novel silver (Ag)‐containing calcium‐phosphate (CP) coating technology based on the thermal spraying method was developed. The coating's physical and chemical properties, in vitro antibacterial activity, hydroxyapatite (HA)‐forming ability, and release of Ag ions were evaluated. An amorphous structure of the coating was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, and Ag residue in the coating was determined by elementary analysis. The coating showed strong antibacterial activity to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in fetal bovine serum (FBS) along with HA‐forming ability in simulated body fluid. Therefore, it is expected that the coating would confer antibacterial and bone bonding abilities to the implant surface. Time course release testing of Ag ions from the coating on immersion in FBS showed pronounced Ag release for up to 24 h after immersion, with consistent strong antibacterial activity at the early postoperative stage. In repeated testing, the amount of released Ag ions was about 6500 parts per billion (ppb, μg/L) for the first release test, after which it gradually decreased. However, retention of significant release of Ag ions after a sixth repeat implies that Ag release from the coating is slow in FBS. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
The use of brushite calcium phosphate cement for enhancement of bone‐tendon integration in an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model
Authors: Wen Chun‐Yi , Qin Ling , Lee Kwong‐Man , Chan Kai‐Ming 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the osteoconductivity and bioresorption of brushite calcium phosphate cement (CPC) in bone‐tendon interface healing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Surgical reconstruction using grafted tendon in bone tunnel was performed bilaterally in 28 skeletal mature rabbits. Brushite CPC was implanted between grafted tendon and bone tunnel of one limb with the contralateral one as the control. A batch of 14 rabbits was sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, after surgery. At each time point, six rabbits were used for micro‐CT and subsequent histological examinations, whereas the remaining eight rabbits were used for pull‐out testing. The components of brushite CPC‐dicalcium phosphate dihydrate matrix degraded rapidly with β‐tricalcium phosphate granules left for guiding new bone formation. Brushite CPC augmented the peri‐tendon bone volume and promoted bone growth into the healing interface. The ultimate strength and stiffness of the graft‐tunnel complexes on experimental side was higher than that of the control by 117% and 102%, respectively, at 6 weeks postoperatively (p < 0.05 for both). The use of brushite CPC caused a paradigm shift in failure mode from intra‐tunnel to intra‐articular portion at 12 weeks postoperatively (p = 0.013). Brushite CPC significantly enhanced the bone‐tendon integration after ACL reconstruction, which provided a scientific basis for clinical application. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Preparation and characterization of novel biphasic calcium phosphate powders (α‐TCP/HA) derived from carbonated amorphous calcium phosphates
Authors: Li Yanbao , Kong Fanzhi , Weng Wenjian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNovel biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powders composed of α‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were prepared by thermal decomposition of carbonated amorphous calcium phosphates (CACP). At first, the CACP precipitates were synthesized by adding ammonium carbonate in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) at pH 10 with an initial Ca/P molar ratio of 1.60 at 5°C. The Ca/P molar ratios of the CACP precursors are between 1.50 and 1.67 investigated by ICP. Then BCP (α‐TCP/HA) powders were obtained after heating the CACP precursors at relatively low temperature (800°C) for 3 h. α‐TCP/HA powders were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectra, transmission electron microscopy/scanning electron microscopy, and sedimentation experiment. The results show that α‐TCP and HA phases form in one powder, α‐TCP/HA powders are sphere with the diameter of 300 nm to less than 100 nm varied with their chemical compositions and the ratio of α‐TCP and HA in the powders can be adjusted by the adding amount of carbonates. The possible formation process of biphasic α‐TCP/HA powders was proposed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Revisiting the greed and grievance explanations for violent internal conflict
Authors: Murshed Syed Mansoob , Tadjoeddin Mohammad Zulfan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo phenomena have been recently utilised to explain conflict onset among rational choice analysts: greed and grievance. The former reflects elite competition over valuable natural resource rents. The latter argues that relative deprivation and the grievance it produces fuels conflict. Neither the presence of greed or grievance issufficientfor the outbreak of violent conflict, something which requires institutional breakdown, which we describe as the failure of the social contract. The degradation of the social contract is more likely in the context of poverty and growth failure. We provide a synthesis of the greed and grievance hypotheses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symmetry variation in the heart‐descending artery system of the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish
Authors: Vogt Günter , Wirkner Christian S. , Richter Stefan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe internal anatomy of freshwater crayfish is strictly bilaterally symmetric, with the conspicuous exception of the vertically oriented descending artery (sternal artery), which originates from the heart and terminates in the subneural artery. Serial sectioning of 133 juveniles of the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish revealed that the descending artery was bilaterally symmetric in 4.5% of the specimens, right asymmetric in 45.1%, and left asymmetric in 50.4%. In the bilaterally symmetric variant two branches arise from the left and right chambers of the bulbus of the heart, run laterally around the hindgut, and fuse underneath it. The asymmetric variants have only one dorsal branch, which loops around the hindgut on either the left or the right side. Other structures of the heart, such as the paired antennary and hepatopancreatic arteries and the ostia or the unpaired anterior and posterior aortae, showed no symmetry variation. Because of the genetic identity of the experimental animals and their culture under identical environmental conditions, the variation in symmetry of the descending artery observed is interpreted as the result of developmental variation. We recommend that the marbled crayfish be considered for investigation of the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for the maintenance and breaking of bilateral symmetry in metazoans. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A high‐order discontinuous Galerkin method with time‐accurate local time stepping for the Maxwell equations
Authors: Taube Arne , Dumbser Michael , Munz Claus‐Dieter , Schneider Rudolf 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe present an explicit numerical method to solve the time‐dependent Maxwell equations with arbitrary high order of accuracy in space and time on three‐dimensional unstructured tetrahedral meshes. The method is based on the discontinuous Galerkin finite element approach, which allows for discontinuities at grid cell interfaces. The computation of the flux between the grid cells is based on the solution of generalized Riemann problems, which provides simultaneously a high‐order accurate approximation in space and time. Within our approach, we expand the solution in a Taylor series in time, where subsequently the Cauchy–Kovalevskaya procedure is used to replace the time derivatives in this series by space derivatives. The numerical solution can thus be advanced in time in one single step with high order and does not need any intermediate stages, as needed, e.g. in classical Runge–Kutta‐type schemes. This locality in space and time allows the introduction of time‐accurate local time stepping (LTS) for unsteady wave propagation. Each grid cell is updated with its individual and optimal time step, as given by the local Courant stability criterion. On the basis of a numerical convergence study we show that the proposed LTS scheme provides high order of accuracy in space and time on unstructured tetrahedral meshes. The application to a well‐acknowledged test case and comparisons with analytical reference solutions confirm the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The industry settings of leading organizational research: the role of economic and non‐economic factors
Authors: O'Leary Michael Boyer , Almond Bradley A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDespite calls for attention to the role of context in organizational research, there have been no assessments of the distribution of industry contexts in organizational research. This paper explores that distribution in relation to the industry composition of the U.S. economy. Our analysis of 914 empirical field studies published in four leading journals from 1988 to 2002 reveals striking, persistent, and growing discrepancies between the industries that are economically important and the industries that have served as settings for organizational research. For example, education and manufacturing are oversampled in relation to their economic importance, while real estate, construction, wholesale, and retail are undersampled. We also develop and test a series of hypotheses predicting which industries serve as the contexts for leading research. Using negative binomial regression, we show that the percentage of recent MBA graduates in an industry and the percentage of employees with doctoral degrees in an industry predict the number of articles set in that industry, with the total number of employees and average establishment size in an industry enhancing the power of the model. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for advancing organizational theory and research methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of chemical species of fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer–I (FITC) monolayers on platinum by doubly resonant sum‐frequency generation spectroscopy
Authors: Maeda Toshiki , Nagahara Tetsuhiko , Aida Misako , Ishibashi Taka‐aki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDoubly resonant sum‐frequency generation (DR‐SFG) spectroscopy of fluorescein‐4‐isothiocyanate isomer‐I (FITC) monolayers on platinum was performed. Vibrational spectra of the monolayers for the IR wavenumber of 1750–1450 cm−1 were measured with visible probes ranging from 431 to 582 nm. Two vibrational bands at 1643 and 1610 cm−1 were observed, and their DR‐SFG excitation profiles displayed different shapes. By rinsing the monolayers with an alkaline solution, the smaller wavenumber band disappeared and the larger wavenumber band gained intensity. On the basis of the spectral response to the rinsing, we concluded that the FITC molecules existed on platinum as deprotonated and protonated forms; the former corresponds to the 1643 cm−1 band and the latter to the 1610 cm−1 band. The deprotonated form was assigned to an anionic surface species, and the protonated form to a neutral surface species by comparing the DR‐SFG excitation profiles with electronic absorption spectra of the protolytic forms of fluorescein in an aqueous solution (Sjöback R et al., Spectrochimica Acta A 1995; 51: L7–L21). The results demonstrate that the measurement of DR‐SFG excitation profiles is a useful technique to identify chemical species of monolayers on metal surfaces. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatially resolved Raman investigation on phase separations of mixed Na2SO4/MgSO4 droplets
Authors: Dong Jin‐Ling , Xiao Han‐Shuang , Zhao Li‐Jun , Zhang Yun‐Hong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBy using spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy together with in situ microscopy, mixed Na2SO4/MgSO4 aerosol particles with molar ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 deposited on a quartz substrate were carefully examined in their evaporation processes. Upon decreasing the relative humidity (RH), phase separations were found to occur for these droplets. For Na2SO4/MgSO4 droplets with a molar ratio of 1:1, two paths of phase separation were identified, and a large amount of small crystals were observed to disorderly distribute in the residual solutions. By comparisons with the known Raman spectra of crystals, it was concluded that the scattered crystals in the two paths were anhydrous Na2SO4 in metastable phase III and the double salt of Na2SO4· MgSO4 · 4H2O, respectively. For Na2SO4/MgSO4 aerosol droplets with a molar ratio of 2:1, only anhydrous Na2SO4 in metastable phase III precipitated with the decrease of RH. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rotational disorder in 2‐piperidyl‐5‐nitro‐6 ‐methylpyridine: structural phase transition and its vibrational characteristics
Authors: Lorenc J. , Palasek B. , Hanuza J. , Mączka M. , Waśkowska A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractX‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that 2‐piperidyl‐5‐nitro‐6‐methylpyridine, C11H15N3O2, undergoes a structural phase transition at T = 240 K. The room temperature structure is tetragonal, space group I41/a, with the unit‐cell dimensions a = 13.993(2) and c = 23.585(5) Å. The pyridine ring takes trans conformation with respect to the piperidine unit. While pyridine is well ordered, the piperidine moiety shows apparent disorder resulting from a libration about the linking NC bond. The low‐temperature phase is monoclinic, space group I2/a. Contraction of the unit‐cell volume by 2.3% at 170 K enables the CH···O linkage between the molecules of the neighbouring stacks. As result, the asymmetric unit becomes bi‐molecular. The thermal librations of the piperidine and methyl groups become considerably reduced at 170 K and nearly fully reduced at about 100 K. The IR spectra and polarised Raman spectra agree with the X‐ray structure and confirm the disorder effect on the piperidine ring. The assignment of the bands observed was made on the basis of DFT chemical quantum calculations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering activity on an ex situ ORC roughened nickel electrode
Authors: Gu W. , Fan X. M. , Yao J. L. , Ren B. , Gu R. A. , Tian Z. Q. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRoughened nickel electrode surfaces have been demonstrated to exhibit a moderate enhanced Raman scattering effect with an enhancing factor of about 104, which is not suitable in some cases for further inhibition adsorbates study. We reported here a new modified roughening procedure of nickel electrodes, by which a high S/N ratio surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of pyridine was obtained. At least two major advantages were found for the modified roughening methods: (1) enhancing factor was improved by a factor of about 10, (2) SERS‐active sites were distributed uniformly on the Ni surfaces. Potential‐dependent SERS spectra of a candidate inhibitor molecule benzotriazole (BTAH) adsorbed onto nickel electrodes were briefly presented for verifying the feasibility of the modified roughening method in this paper. Results showed that BTAH molecules were adsorbed on the nickel electrodes in neutral molecule form at more negative potentials and a polymer‐like film with the composition of [Nin(BTA)p]m formed on the nickel electrodes with the positive shift of potentials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl phosphate mineral dumontite Pb2 [(UO2)3O2(PO4)2]·5H2 O
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Čejka Jiří 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRaman spectra of dumontite were measured at 298 and 77 K. Observed bands were attributed to the stretching and bending vibrations of uranyl and phosphate units and OH stretching vibrations of water molecules. U–O bond lengths in uranyls and approximate O–H···O bond lengths were calculated. The values of the U–O bond lengths are in agreement with the data from the single crystal structure analysis of dumontite. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple primary tumors in men with breast cancer diagnoses—a SEER database review
Authors: Wernberg Jessica A. , Yap Johnny , Murekeyisoni Christine , Mashtare Terry , Wilding Gregory E. , Kulkarni Swati A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundMale breast cancer (MBC) comprises 1% of all breast cancers and less than 1% of cancer cases in men. After a diagnosis of MBC, men are at risk of developing a second primary cancer, particularly a second primary breast cancer. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the population of men diagnosed with a second malignancy, specifically a second MBC.MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 4,873 male patients diagnosed with invasive or in situ breast cancer from 1973 to 2004 were identified and data from patients who developed a second MBC were reviewed. Additional non‐breast primary cancer diagnoses were also recorded.ResultsA review of 4,966 records corresponding to 4,873 patients revealed 4,462 invasive and 504 in situ breast cancer events. Of the 4,873 patients, 93 (1.9%) were identified with a second MBC. Among the 4,873 patients with MBC, 1,001 (21%) have other non‐breast primary cancer diagnoses recorded in the SEER registry.ConclusionsAlthough MBC is uncommon, these patients are at risk of a contralateral breast cancer and second primary non‐breast cancers. Our findings support that men with breast cancer would benefit from continued long‐term surveillance for breast cancer and appropriate screening for non‐breast cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:16–19. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preoperative C‐reactive protein as a prognostic and therapeutic marker for colorectal cancer
Authors: Koike Yuhki , Miki Chikao , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Yokoe Takeshi , Toiyama Yuji , Tanaka Koji , Inoue Yasuhiro , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the significance of preoperative C‐reactive protein (CRP) as a prognostic marker for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)‐independent stage I or II colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.MethodsPreoperative CRP was measured in 300 CRC patients to assess its relationships with clinicopathological factors and long‐term survival. Based on the results of the initial study, the relationship between preoperative CRP and long‐term survival was evaluated with reference to adjuvant 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based chemotherapy in a further 128 stage II patients.ResultsCRP was associated with disease progression and factors reflecting nutritional depletion such as serum albumin, lymphocyte count and body weight loss ratio. In stage I or II patients, CRP could predict early disease recurrence, even when a CEA test could not. Multivariate analyses revealed that CRP was an independent prognostic variable in stage I or II patients. In the additional 128 stage II patients, CRP‐positive patients showed a 3‐year survival rate of only 55% without adjuvant chemotherapy, but this increased to 90% with adjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionsCRP may be a potent prognostic and therapeutic indicator that provides valuable information for determining the need for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II CRC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:540–544. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors associated with anastomotic recurrence after total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer patients
Authors: Kim Young‐Wan , Kim Nam‐Kyu , Min Byung‐Soh , Huh Hyuk , Kim Jin‐Soo , Kim Jeong‐Yeon , Sohn Seung‐Kook , Cho Chang‐Hwan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn patients undergoing total mesorectal excision (TME), the clinical variables most relevant to anastomotic recurrence have not been identified. We evaluated factors associated with anastomotic recurrence in patients undergoing TME and the impact of a reduced distal margin on anastomotic recurrence.MethodsThirty‐eight patients with anastomotic recurrence were compared with 876 patients who received curative rectal cancer surgery. Patients were compared according to: (1) the presence of anastomotic recurrence (recurrence vs. recurrence‐free), (2) distal margin length (≤10 mm vs. >10 mm) and (3) additional treatment (none, adjuvant, or neoadjuvant). The risk factors for anastomotic recurrence were analyzed.ResultsIn the recurrence group, an advanced T stage (T3 and T4) (P = 0.01) microscopic distal margin involvement (P = 0.002) and an elevated CEA level (>5 ng/ml) (P = 0.04) were more commonly found. The incidence of anastomotic recurrence was not higher in the distal margin ≤10 mm group and did not differ according to additional treatment. The multivariate analysis showed that an advanced T stage (T3 and T4) and microscopic distal margin involvement were risk factors for anastomotic recurrence.ConclusionA distal margin ≤10 mm appears to be acceptable in terms of anastomotic recurrence. Patients with a positive distal margin, on the postoperative pathology, should be considered at high risk for anastomotic recurrence. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:58–64. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
cAMP–Epac2‐mediated activation of Rap1 in developing male germ cells: RA‐RhoGAP as a possible direct down‐stream effector
Authors: Aivatiadou Evanthia , Ripolone Michela , Brunetti Francesco , Berruti Giovanna 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRap1 is a small GTPase that functions as a positional signal and organizer of cell architecture. Recently Rap1 is emerged to play a critical role during sperm differentiation since its inactivation in haploid cells leads to a premature release of spermatids from the supporting Sertoli cell resulting in male infertility. How Rap1 is activated in spermatogenic cells has not yet been determined. Our objective was to investigate on a possible cAMP‐mediated activation of Rap1 employing a cAMP analogue selective to Epac, the Rap1 activator directly responsive to cAMP, for stimulating cultured testis germ cells. Here we provide biochemical, cellular and functional evidence that the Epac variant known as Epac2 is expressed as both a transcript and a protein and that it is able to promote Rap1 activation in the cultured cells. A time course immunofluorescence analysis carried out on stimulated cells revealed the translocation of endogenous Epac2, which is cytosolic, towards the site where Rap1 is located, i.e., the Golgi complex, thus documenting the effective Rap1–Epac2 protein interaction ‘in vivo’ leading to Rap1‐GTP loading. A combination of biochemical and molecular techniques supported the immunofluorescence data. The search for the presence of a putative Rap1 downstream effector, described in differentiating somatic cells as a target of cAMP–Epac‐activated Rap1, revealed the presence in spermatogenic cells of RA‐RhoGAP, a Rap1‐activated Rho GTPase‐activating protein. Taken together, our results, obtained with endogenously expressed proteins, are consistent with a cAMP/Epac2/Rap1‐mediated signaling that could exert its action, among others, through RA‐RhoGAP to promote the progression of spermatogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 407–416, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.