bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Preferences for Treatment Attributes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From a Large Survey Across Seven European Countries Using a Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Fiorino Gionata , Bent-Ennakhil Nawal , Varriale Pasquale , Braegger Fiona , Hoefkens Eveline 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease requires long-term treatment; therefore, understanding patient preferences is important in aiding informed treatment decision making. This study explored patients’ preferences for treatment attributes of available inflammatory bowel disease therapies.

Methods
Adult patients from 7 European countries who self-reported previous/current treatment for Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) participated in an online survey via the Carenity platform. In a discrete choice experiment, the relative importance of treatment attributes for CD and UC was estimated using conditional logit models. Latent class analysis was conducted to estimate heterogeneous treatment preferences based on patient profiles. Patients’ perspectives and preferences regarding their quality of life were assessed.

Results
Across 686 completed survey responses (CD, n = 360; UC, n = 326), the mean patient age was 48 and 50 years, respectively. Patients with CD ranked route of administration as the most important attribute (attribute importance: 32%), preferring subcutaneous over intravenous treatment (P &lt; .001). Patients with UC ranked route of administration and frequency of serious adverse events as the most important attributes (attribute importance: 31% and 23%, respectively), preferring oral (P &lt; .001) and subcutaneous (P &lt; .001) over intravenous treatment and treatment that minimized the risk of serious adverse events (P &lt; .001) or mild adverse events (P &lt; .01). Latent class analyses confirmed the impact of patients’ sociodemographic profile on their preferences. All patients prioritized general well-being, energy level, and daily activities as the most important aspects for improvement through treatment.

Conclusions
Patient preferences for treatment attributes varied among patients with CD or UC, highlighting the importance of personalized care and shared decision making to maximize treatment benefits.
Hand-Tying through Military Signals in Crisis Bargaining
Authors: Post Abigail S , Sechser Todd S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Theories of crisis bargaining suggest that costly signals can enhance the credibility of one’s coercive threats. In particular, engaging in conspicuous military mobilizations or demonstrations of force are thought to communicate one’s resolve in a crisis. Yet, there is disagreement about why this might be the case. One set of theories emphasizes the hand-tying political and reputational effects of visible military action. A different collection of theories argues that mobilizations create bargaining leverage by shifting the balance of power in favor of the mobilizing side. This article uses new data on coercive threats in international crises to discriminate between these two explanations. It makes two key contributions. First, it presents systematic evidence that military mobilizations during a crisis bolster the effectiveness of compellent threats. Second, it demonstrates that such signals are likely effective because they alter the local balance of military power, not because of their political effects.
A systematic review of national interventions and policies to optimize antibiotic use in healthcare settings in England
Authors: Knowles Rebecca , Chandler Clare , O’Neill Stephen , Sharland Mike , Mays Nicholas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To identify and assess the effectiveness of national antibiotic optimization interventions in primary and secondary care in England (2013–2022).

Methods
A systematic scoping review was conducted. Literature databases (Embase and Medline) were used to identify interventions and evaluations. Reports included the UK AMR Strategy (2013–2018), National Action Plan (2019–2024) and English Surveillance Programme for Antimicrobial Utilisation and Resistance (ESPAUR) reports (2014–2022). The design, focus and quality of evaluations and the interventions’ effectiveness were extracted.

Findings
Four hundred and seventy-seven peer-reviewed studies and 13 reports were screened. One hundred and three studies were included for review, identifying 109 interventions in eight categories: policy and commissioning (n = 9); classifications (n = 1); guidance and toolkits (n = 22); monitoring and feedback (n = 17); professional engagement and training (n = 19); prescriber tools (n = 12); public awareness (n = 17); workforce and governance (n = 12).
Most interventions lack high-quality effectiveness evidence. Evaluations mainly focused on clinical, microbiological or antibiotic use outcomes, or intervention implementation, often assessing how interventions were perceived to affect behaviour. Only 16 interventions had studies that quantified effects on prescribing, of which six reported reductions. The largest reduction was reported with structural-level interventions and attributed to a policy and commissioning intervention (primary care financial incentives). Behavioural interventions (guidance and toolkits) reported the greatest impact in hospitals.

Conclusions
Many interventions have targeted antibiotic use, each pulling different levers across the health system simultaneously. On the basis of these studies, structural-level interventions may have the greatest impact. Collectively, the combination of interventions may explain England’s decline in prescribing but direct evidence of causality is unavailable.
Cardiac remodeling: novel pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Nishida Motohiro , Mi Xinya , Ishii Yukina , Kato Yuri , Nishimura Akiyuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Morphological and structural remodeling of the heart, including cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, has been considered as a therapeutic target for heart failure for approximately three decades. Groundbreaking heart failure medications demonstrating reverse remodeling effects have contributed significantly to medical advancements. However, nearly 50% of heart failure patients still exhibit drug resistance, posing a challenge to the healthcare system. Recently, characteristics of heart failure resistant to ARBs and β-blockers have been defined, highlighting preserved systolic function despite impaired diastolic function, leading to the classification of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The pathogenesis and aetiology of HFpEF may be related to metabolic abnormalities, as evidenced by its mimicry through endothelial dysfunction and excessive intake of high-fat diets. Our recent findings indicate a significant involvement of mitochondrial hyper-fission in the progression of heart failure. This mitochondrial pathological remodeling is associated with redox imbalance, especially hydrogen sulphide accumulation due to abnormal electron leak in myocardium. In this review, we also introduce a novel therapeutic strategy for heart failure from the current perspective of mitochondrial redox-metabolic remodeling.
Pornography, identification, alcohol, and condomless sex
Authors: Wright Paul J , Tokunaga Robert S , Herbenick Debby 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Using national probability data from the 2022 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, the present study evaluated whether moderators of the association between frequency of pornography exposure and condomless sex are consistent with the sexual script acquisition, activation, application model’s (3AM) suppositions about the facilitating effects of wishful identification and decreased self-regulation and forethought capacity. Consistent with the 3AM, two-way interaction effect analysis indicated that the strength of the positive association between exposure frequency and condomless sex increased as identification intensified. Inconsistent with the 3AM, two-way interaction effect analysis indicated that the association between exposure frequency and condomless sex was not significantly different among those who had and had not consumed alcohol before their last sexual encounter. However, the three-way interaction between exposure frequency, identification, and alcohol use did suggest a role for each 3AM moderator, as the catalyzing effect of identification was operable among those who had consumed alcohol only.
Research progress on ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacological action, and applications of Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall: a review
Authors: Li Yuxin , Xia Wenxin , Li Tingting , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Wenjin , Yue Jiahui , Wang Lulu , Zhu Xiangdong , Fu Xueyan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall is a plant of the Juglandaceae family, and its leaves is the main part used as a medicine. It is used to relieve heat and pain, gasification, and dampness. The purpose of this review is to provide a systematic review about the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of this plant.

Key findings
Many compounds have been isolated and identified from the plant, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, quinones, essential oils, and other types of chemical constituents. Extensive pharmacological activities of the extracts or compounds of E. roxburghiana Wall in vivo and in vitro were mainly confirmed, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects.

Summary
In this paper, the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of E. roxburghiana Wall were reviewed. In the future, E. roxburghiana Wall needs further study, such as paying more attention to quality control and the utilization on agriculture. In addition, discussing the medicinal components of decoction as well as the toxicity will also contribute to the progress of clinical trial studies.
The Diverse Evolutionary Histories of Domesticated Metaviral Capsid Genes in Mammals
Authors: Henriques William S , Young Janet M , Nemudryi Artem , Nemudraia Anna , Wiedenheft Blake , Malik Harmit S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Selfish genetic elements comprise significant fractions of mammalian genomes. In rare instances, host genomes domesticate segments of these elements for function. Using a complete human genome assembly and 25 additional vertebrate genomes, we re-analyzed the evolutionary trajectories and functional potential of capsid (CA) genes domesticated from Metaviridae, a lineage of retrovirus-like retrotransposons. Our study expands on previous analyses to unearth several new insights about the evolutionary histories of these ancient genes. We find that at least five independent domestication events occurred from diverse Metaviridae, giving rise to three universally retained single-copy genes evolving under purifying selection and two gene families unique to placental mammals, with multiple members showing evidence of rapid evolution. In the SIRH/RTL family, we find diverse amino-terminal domains, widespread loss of protein-coding capacity in RTL10 despite its retention in several mammalian lineages, and differential utilization of an ancient programmed ribosomal frameshift in RTL3 between the domesticated CA and protease domains. Our analyses also reveal that most members of the PNMA family in mammalian genomes encode a conserved putative amino-terminal RNA-binding domain (RBD) both adjoining and independent from domesticated CA domains. Our analyses lead to a significant correction of previous annotations of the essential CCDC8 gene. We show that this putative RBD is also present in several extant Metaviridae, revealing a novel protein domain configuration in retrotransposons. Collectively, our study reveals the divergent outcomes of multiple domestication events from diverse Metaviridae in the common ancestor of placental mammals.
Syntropic spin alignment at the interface between ferromagnetic and superconducting nitrides
Authors: Jin Qiao , Zhang Qinghua , Bai He , Yang Meng , Ga Yonglong , Chen Shengru , Hong Haitao , Cui Ting , Rong Dongke , Lin Ting , Wang Jia-Ou , Ge Chen , Wang Can , Cao Yanwei , Gu Lin , Song Guozhu , Wang Shanmin , Jiang Kun , Cheng Zhi-Gang , Zhu Tao , Yang Hongxin , Jin Kui-juan , Guo Er-Jia 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The magnetic correlations at the superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) interfaces play a crucial role in realizing dissipation-less spin-based logic and memory technologies, such as triplet-supercurrent spin-valves and ‘π’ Josephson junctions. Here we report the observation of an induced large magnetic moment at high-quality nitride S/F interfaces. Using polarized neutron reflectometry and DC SQUID measurements, we quantitatively determined the magnetization profile of the S/F bilayer and confirmed that the induced magnetic moment in the adjacent superconductor only exists below TC. Interestingly, the direction of the induced moment in the superconductors was unexpectedly parallel to that in the ferromagnet, which contrasts with earlier findings in S/F heterostructures based on metals or oxides. First-principles calculations verified that the unusual interfacial spin texture observed in our study was caused by the Heisenberg direct exchange coupling with constant J∼4.28 meV through d-orbital overlapping and severe charge transfer across the interfaces. Our work establishes an incisive experimental probe for understanding the magnetic proximity behavior at S/F interfaces and provides a prototype epitaxial ‘building block’ for superconducting spintronics.
Epigenetic modification of a pectin methylesterase gene activates apoplastic iron reutilization in tomato roots
Authors: Zhu Huihui , Wang Jiayi , Huang Ru'nan , Yang Zheng'an , Fan Wei , Huang Li , Yang Jianli , Chen Weiwei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Iron (Fe) distribution and reutilization are crucial for maintaining Fe homeostasis in plants. Here, we demonstrate that the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Colorless nonripening (Cnr) epimutant exhibits increased Fe retention in cell wall pectin due to an increase in pectin methylesterase (PME) activity. This ultimately leads to Fe deficiency responses even under Fe-sufficient conditions when compared to the wild type (WT). Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing revealed that modifications to cell wall-related genes, especially CG hypermethylation in the intron region of PECTIN METHYLESTERASE53 (SlPME53), are involved in the Cnr response to Fe deficiency. When this intron hypermethylation of SlPME53 was artificially induced in WT, we found that elevated SlPME53 expression was accompanied by increased PME activity and increased pectin–Fe retention. The manipulation of SlPME53, either through overexpression in WT or knockdown in Cnr, influenced levels of pectin methylesterification and accumulation of apoplast Fe in roots. Moreover, CG hypermethylation mediated by METHYLTRANSFERASE1 (SlMET1) increased SlPME53 transcript abundance, resulting in greater PME activity and higher Fe retention in cell wall pectin. Therefore, we conclude that the Cnr mutation epigenetically modulates SlPME53 expression by SlMET1-mediated CG hypermethylation, and thus the capacity of the apoplastic Fe pool, creating opportunities for genetic improvement of crop mineral nutrition.
Incidence of systemic vasculitides after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a population-based cohort study in Korea
Authors: Han Minkyung , Ha Jang Woo , Jung Inkyung , Kim Chi Young , Ahn Sung Soo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality globally and is reported to be associated with the onset of autoimmunity. This study investigated the association between TB and the incidence of systemic vasculitides (SV).

Methods
Data were obtained from the South Korean National Claims database to identify patients with TB and controls (who had undergone appendectomy). The overall occurrence of SV and disease subtypes during the observation period was compared between the two groups. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed to identify the relationship between TB and SV and to compare SV incidence.

Results
We identified 418 677 patients with TB and 160 289 controls. The overall SV incidence rate was 192/1 000 000 person-years during a mean follow-up of 7.5 years and was higher in patients with TB than controls. Cox regression revealed that the risk of SV was elevated in the TB group independently (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45–2.05). Furthermore, the risk of SV was significantly higher in extrapulmonary TB (aHR: 4.28, 95% CI: 3.52–5.21) when the TB group was categorized into pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB. The findings remained identical even after applying a stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis.

Conclusions
Patients with TB have an increased risk of SV, which is prominent in extrapulmonary TB. As well as confirming TB is associated with an increased incidence of immune-related vasculitis, our findings highlight the need for clinical vigilance for early diagnosis and initiation of treatment.
French Psychiatry and Alcoholism in the 1950s and 1960s: The Paradoxes of Outpatient Care
Authors: Le Bras Anatole 
Published: March 2024

Summary
This article examines the place of alcoholic patients in French psychiatry in the 1950s and 1960s, an era of incipient psychiatric reform. Relying on medical literature, national and department archives, as well as hitherto unexploited patient files from one of the first anti-alcoholic consultations opened in the early 1950s in Paris, it shows how new therapies and drugs, such as disulfiram, revived the interest of psychiatrists for alcoholism and enabled the outpatient treatment of alcoholics. However, the study of patient trajectories reveals that ambulatory care did not substitute itself for hospitalisation. The article then analyses how the psychiatrist–patient relation was transformed in the framework of the consultation, and included new stakeholders such as social workers and family members. It finally explains why therapeutic enthusiasm gave way, at the end of the 1960s, to increasing doubts concerning the role of the psychiatrist in the cure of alcoholism.
Ontogenetic development of limb bone microstructure in the king penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus (Miller, 1778), with considerations for palaeoecological inferences in Sphenisciformes
Authors: Canoville Aurore , Robin Jean-Patrice , de Buffrénil Vivian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Birds have colonized various habitats during their evolutionary history, including the aquatic environment. Several studies have investigated the gross morphological changes of the avian skeleton in response to increasing swimming capabilities, but few have documented in detail the microstructural specializations associated with this process. Bone microstructure is nevertheless often used to reconstruct the ecology of extinct aquatic birds, although this relationship is incompletely understood in modern forms, especially for the extent of intra-specific variability related, or not, to age. In an attempt to fill this gap, we investigated the change in limb bone microstructure from hatching to adulthood in 34 Aptenodytes patagonicus specimens. Our results reveal substantial intraspecific variability, regardless of the ontogenetic stage considered. Although most skeletal growth is achieved in the first few months after hatching, limb bone microstructure undergoes important maturation throughout ontogeny until fledging, which occurs in 1-year-old chicks. Architecture and compactness in hindlimb bones mature earlier than in forelimb bones, reflecting the time offset in the use of musculoskeletal elements involved in terrestrial locomotion in chicks (hindlimbs) and sub-aquatic locomotion in adults (forelimbs). These observations allow critical reassessment of previous palaeoecological reconstructions in extinct Sphenisciformes and set a good comparative framework for rigorous inferences.
Contrasting the depths of divergence between gene-tree and coalescent estimates in the North American racers (Colubridae: Coluber constrictor)
Authors: Myers Edward A , Gehara Marcelo , Burgoon Jamie L , McKelvy Alexander D , Vonnahme Lauren , Burbrink Frank T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The North American racers (Coluber constrictor) are widely distributed across the Nearctic and numerous studies have demonstrated extensive variation in morphology, ecology, and population genetic structure. Here we take an integrative approach to understand lineage diversification within this taxon by combining genomic sequence capture data, mtDNA sequence data, morphometrics, and ecological niche models. Both the genomic data and mtDNA phylogeographic analyses support five lineages distributed across the range of this species. However, demographic model selection based on these two datasets strongly conflict in both the model of divergence and estimates of timing of lineage divergence. While mtDNA and concatenated genomic data suggest a Miocene origin of these distinct groups, coalescent-based demographic models with the sequence capture data suggest lineage diversification occurred at ~33 kya in allopatry without gene flow. Using linear morphological measurements of head shape we demonstrate that lineages distributed largely east and west of the Mississippi River are distinguishable. Furthermore, ecological niche models demonstrate that lineages distributed in subtropical habitats have environmental niche space that is significantly differentiated from lineages distributed across the continent. Taken together, these results suggest that ecology is an important axis of lineage divergence within this group and that more fine-scale analyses may find even greater differentiation between the populations identified here. This abstract translated to Spanish is avaliable in the Supporting Infromation section (Este resumen traducido al español está disponible en la sección, Supporting Infromation).