bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium dietary restriction, knowledge, beliefs, and decision‐making behavior of older females
Authors: Sheahan Sharon L. , Fields Becky 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPurpose: The purposes of this qualitative/descriptive study were to (a) explore experiences and decision‐making behaviors associated with adoption of a sodium‐restricted diet (SRD) among older women with hypertension or heart failure and (b) identify healthcare system and contextual factors that facilitate or impede adherence to SRD.Data sources: Participants were 33 single older women, aged 65–98 years, residing in three congregate living facilities in the high‐risk “coronary valley” area of the United States. A semistructured interview format was employed with three focus groups. The audio‐taped transcribed data were content analyzed for themes by the researchers with the assistance of ATLAS.Ti computer software.Conclusions: Predominant themes were lack of SRD education by healthcare providers, a desire for more information about sodium, including the use of alternative herbal seasonings, and large‐print informational materials. Eating alone with no motivation to cook and share meals was a contextual barrier to healthy nutrition.Implications for practice: To prevent costly hospitalizations and rehospitalization from nonadherence to SRD, clinicians need to provide more structured SRD education supplemented with printed brochures. Exploring the client’s nutritional social setting may improve SRD adherence.
Obtaining a thorough sleep history and routinely screening for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Lamm Jamie , Poeschel Jane , Smith Sheila 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPurpose: To present a clinical case study of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and discuss a potential correlation between OSA, unexplained distal pain symptoms, and pyschoemotional concerns.Data sources: A review of the scientific literature was performed on OSA using the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and MEDLINE.Conclusions: OSA is potentially life threatening and can have serious consequences to a patient’s health. Many of the obvious signs of OSA occur at night, and the symptoms of OSA may correspond to a variety of other diseases. Clinicians should recognize a possible correlation between OSA and unexplained distal pain symptoms as well as psychoemotional concerns. These clinically associated conditions may be less apparent but may dramatically affect quality of life. By improving recognition and treatment of OSA, morbidity and mortality can be reduced and quality of life can be improved for patients and their families.Implications for practice: It is imperative that clinicians are attentive and take detailed histories to recognize the clinical signs and symptoms of OSA, paying more attention to the less obvious symptomatology that may be significantly impacting quality of life.
Relationship Between Physical Disabilities or Long‐Term Health Problems and Health Risk Behaviors or Conditions Among US High School Students*
Authors: Jones Sherry Everett , Lollar Donald J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  This study explores the relationship between self‐reported physical disabilities or long‐term health problems and health risk behaviors or adverse health conditions (self‐reported engagement in violent behaviors, attempted suicide, cigarette smoking, alcohol and other drug use, sexual activity, physical activity, dietary behaviors, self‐reported overweight [based on height and weight], physical health, and mental health) among US high school students.Methods:  Data were from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 2005 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross‐sectional paper‐and‐pencil survey collected from a representative sample of public and private high school students (grades 9 through 12) in the United States.Results:  Significantly more students with physical disabilities or long‐term health problems than without described their health as fair or poor and reported being in a physical fight, being forced to have sexual intercourse, feeling sad or hopeless, seriously considering and attempting suicide, cigarette smoking, using alcohol and marijuana, engaging in sexual activity, using computers 3 or more hours per day, and being overweight (for all, p ≤ .05). For none of the health risk behaviors analyzed were the rates significantly lower among students with physical disabilities or long‐term health problems than among other students.Conclusions:  Young people who live with physical disabilities or long‐term health problems may be at greater risk for poor health outcomes. Public health and school health programs, with guidance from health care providers, need to work with these adolescents and their families to develop and implement appropriate interventions, with particular emphasis on promoting mental health.
The Varied Circumstances Prompting Requests for Emergency Contraception at School‐Based Clinics
Authors: Sidebottom Abbey , Harrison Patricia A. , Donna Amidon , Finnegan Katie 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  Little is known about the circumstances that prompt teenagers to request emergency contraception (EC). This evaluation was designed to refine the EC clinical protocol and improve pregnancy prevention efforts in high school–based clinics by analyzing information on EC use and subsequent contraception use of EC patients.Methods:  Sites included 5 clinics located at mainstream, racially diverse, and urban high schools. Nursing staff documented all EC‐related visits during the 2002‐2003 school year on a standardized form. These forms and additional information were collected from chart reviews.Results:  EC was requested in 113 instances involving 91 students and dispensed in all but 4 instances. The most frequently reported circumstance prompting an EC request was the use of no protection (37.2%), followed by a condom mishap (27.4%) and questionable protection from a hormonal method (23.9%). Anxiety despite adequate protection from a hormonal method (9.7%) or a condom (1.8%) accounted for the remaining cases. Although the clinical protocol included a follow‐up appointment 2 weeks after receipt of EC, 39.5% of EC users failed to keep this appointment. The chart review revealed that hormonal contraception was eventually initiated following two thirds (68.0%) of the EC instances that involved either no protection or only a condom.Conclusions:  Because young EC seekers vary considerably in terms of sexual experience, contraceptive use consistency, and pregnancy risk, individualized risk assessment and counseling are essential. The EC visit may be an optimal time to encourage initiation or reinstitution of hormonal methods of birth control.
Factors Influencing Teachers’ Implementation of an Innovative Tobacco Prevention Curriculum for Multiethnic Youth: Project SPLASH
Authors: Sy Angela , Glanz Karen 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  The effectiveness of school‐based tobacco use prevention programs depends on proper implementation. This study examined factors associated with teachers’ implementation of a smoking prevention curriculum in a cluster randomized trial called Project SPLASH (Smoking Prevention Launch Among Students in Hawaii).Methods:  A process evaluation was conducted and a cross‐condition comparison used to examine whether teacher characteristics, teacher training, external facilitators and barriers, teacher attitudes, and curriculum attributes were associated with the dose of teacher implementation in the intervention and control arms of the study. Data were collected from a total of 62 middle school teachers in 20 public schools in Hawaii, during the 2000‐2001 and 2001‐2002 school years. Sources included teacher questionnaires and interviews. Chi‐square test and t test revealed that implementation dose was related to teachers’ disciplinary backgrounds and skills and student enjoyment of the curriculum.Results:  Content analysis, within case, and cross‐case analyses of qualitative data revealed that implementing the curriculum in a yearlong class schedule and high teacher self‐efficacy supported implementation, while high perceived curriculum complexity was associated with less complete implementation.Conclusions:  The results have implications for research, school health promotion practice, and the implementation of evidence‐based youth tobacco use prevention curricula.
Social Strain, Structural Breakdown, Political Opportunity, and Collective Action
Authors: Buechler Steven M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSociology traditionally identified social strain and structural breakdown as causes of collective action. Such explanations were widely interpreted as endorsing social order and viewing its breakdown and the resulting collective action in a negative light. In the 1970s, advocates of the resource mobilization perspective criticized strain and breakdown explanations and this negative connotation of collective action. Rather than strain or breakdown, these theorists explained collective action in terms of solidarity, interests, and resources. Despite these criticisms, strain and breakdown explanations persisted at the margins of mainstream social movement theory. Moreover, the resource mobilization approach invoked ‘opportunity’ to explain collective action. There is a strong resemblance between ‘strain and breakdown’ and ‘opportunity’. Both explain collective action in terms of external, facilitating conditions, but opportunity explanations connote a more favorable evaluation of the resulting collective action. Such resemblances suggest the viability of a synthesis between older and newer explanations of collective action.
Mapping space for water: screening for urban flash flooding
Authors: Hankin B. , Waller S. , Astle G. , Kellagher R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper builds on the ‘Flooding from Other Sources’ project (HA4a), funded as part of Defra's Making Space for Water strategy. The HA4a study concluded that flood risk mapping is feasible for many of the sources of flooding that were investigated, which are not currently covered by the Environment Agency Flood Map, using existing flow modelling and GIS tools. However, there are some major constraints in terms of the need to undertake extensive data collection to allow the generation of useful flood maps that are not dominated by modelling uncertainties. The project anticipated that different levels of data collection and modelling might be needed for different purposes, given the hierarchical nature of UK flood risk assessment and management in the United Kingdom under PPS25 and the EC Floods Directive. This paper compares and contrasts three different approaches to urban flood modelling using topographic analysis, blanket extreme rainfall and semi‐coupled sewer/overland routing. The UK summer floods 2007 have highlighted the pressing need for mapping the risk from urban flash flooding, and the Pitt Review has recommended that areas at high risk from surface waters should be urgently identified. This can be done now at some level of detail, and we can be guided as to what level, from our increasing knowledge of vulnerable populations, from records of historical flooding and by using some of the screening methods described herein.
Chlamydophila psittaci Infections in Humans during an Outbreak of Psittacosis from Poultry in Germany
Authors: Gaede W. , Reckling K.‐F. , Dresenkamp B. , Kenklies S. , Schubert E. , Noack U. , Irmscher H.‐M. , Ludwig C. , Hotzel H. , Sachse K. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryIn 2005, an outbreak of severe respiratory disease in a mixed poultry flock that was infected with Chlamydophila (C.) psittaci led to dissemination of the infection to at least 100 small poultry farms in 11 districts of Central Germany. At the same time, a total of 24 persons in contact with poultry from one of the flocks reported flu‐like symptoms to their physician, thus suggesting zoonotic transmission. Within 3 weeks, seven individuals had to be hospitalized, with three of them requiring intensive care. Analysis of ompA sequences from chlamydial isolates and directly from clinical samples revealed the presence of both genotype A and E/B of C. psittaci at the source of the outbreak and in contact flocks. Genotype A was also detected in the three severely ill patients. The findings of the present study demonstrate the high zoonotic potential of avian chlamydiae. To ensure speedy eradication of psittacosis in poultry flocks and effective treatment of infected humans, fast, sensitive and species‐specific detection of the causative agent is essential, as well as close collaboration between regional public health services, attending physicians and the diagnostic laboratories involved.
The diagnosis of longstanding groin pain: a prospective clinical cohort study
Authors: Bradshaw C J , Bundy M , Falvey E 
Published: April 2008

Background:Longstanding groin pain is a difficult diagnostic challenge for sports physicians, and the lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria and taxonomy makes comparison of published studies difficult.Aim:To determine the usefulness and validity of the clinical classification proposed by Holmichet alin a primary care sports medicine population.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Private sports medicine clinic in London, UK.Participants:218 consecutive cases presenting with longstanding groin pain.Interventions:Clinical assessment, diagnostic investigations and follow-up.Results:Groin pain patients (173 men, 45 women) presented from 23 sporting codes from professional athletes to the recreational exerciser. Men most commonly played soccer (football) (22%) and rugby (21%), while women were most often runners (40%). 12 month follow-up was successful in 65% of cases; an accurate diagnosis was made in 89% of cases. Hip pathology (50.4%) was the most common form of injury, with pubic pathology seen in 21% of cases. Pubic pathology was most often seen in kicking sports (58%), and straight line activities most often resulted in hip pathology (39%). Those patients diagnosed with hip pathology were less likely to return to pre-morbid levels of activity than those diagnosed with pubic pathology (28%vs15%).Conclusion:This series shows a different breakdown of injuries in a sporting population presenting with groin pain than previously reported. This reflects diagnostic difficulties in the area. The high incidence of hip pathology and the poor prognosis which this confers are worthy of note.
Identification of p18INK4c as a Tumor Suppressor Gene in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Solomon David A. , Kim Jung-Sik , Jenkins Sultan , Ressom Habtom , Huang Michael , Coppa Nicholas , Mabanta Lauren , Bigner Darell , Yan Hai , Jean Walter , Waldman Todd 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Genomic alterations leading to aberrant activation of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) complexes drive the pathogenesis of many common human tumor types. In the case of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), these alterations are most commonly due to homozygous deletion of p16INK4a and less commonly due to genomic amplifications of individual genes encoding cyclins or cdks. Here, we describe deletion of the p18INK4c cdk inhibitor as a novel genetic alteration driving the pathogenesis of GBM. Deletions of p18INK4c often occurred in tumors also harboring homozygous deletions of p16INK4a. Expression of p18INK4c was completely absent in 43% of GBM primary tumors studied by immunohistochemistry. Lentiviral reconstitution of p18INK4c expression at physiologic levels in p18INK4c-deficient but not p18INK4c-proficient GBM cells led to senescence-like G1 cell cycle arrest. These studies identify p18INK4c as a GBM tumor suppressor gene, revealing an additional mechanism leading to aberrant activation of cyclin/cdk complexes in this terrible malignancy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):2564–9]
The Heart beyond Hearts
Authors: Tyagananda Swami 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMany religious traditions ascribe to the term "heart" a meaning that goes beyond the physical and the emotional levels. In Hinduism, the discovery of the spiritual heart is generally seen as a precursor to higher experiences that transcend the mind and the senses, and culminate in the vision of God. This essay briefly describes the Hindu view of the spiritual heart, where the heart is located, and how it is experienced.
Encountering the (Divine) Mother in Hindu and Christian Hymns
Authors: Clooney Francis 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn Divine Mother, Blessed Mother, the book from which the following excerpts are drawn, I ask about what Christians are to do with the invitation and the powers of sacred Hindu hymns addressed to the Divine Mother, Divine Consort, the Supreme Goddess, particularly in relation to the tradition of Mary available to Catholicism. The book's third chapter explores how texts from the Tantric tradition, such as the Saundarya Lahari, can assist in awakening our Catholic religious and inter-religious imaginations. In the passages excerpted below, I approach this question by setting my reflections on the Saundarya Lahari ("Flood of Bliss, Flood of Beauty") side-by-side with my reading of the Stabat Mater, a medieval hymn to Mary ("Flood of Sorrow, Flood of Love"). Since my reading of the Saundarya Lahari cannot be reproduced here in full, due to spatial restrictions, I refer the reader to the book itself for a more detailed exegesis of the Hindu hymn.
Pranayama: Breathing from the Heart
Authors: Kearney Richard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis essay is a testimonial account of the author's apprenticeship with a yoga teacher in the Hindu pilgrimage town of Rishikesh, Northern India. It explores the meeting of Western and Eastern attitudes to spirituality, desire, the body, study, and breathing. In particular, it seeks to register the encounter with the Vedantin and yogic notions of the "cave of the heart" as privileged space for prayer, peace, and meditation.
Bibliographia Gnostica: Supplementum II/8.1
Authors: Scholer David 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis is the first section of the eighth in the series of supplementary bibliographies to David M. Scholer's Nag Hammadi Bibliography 1970-1994 (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies 32; Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997). The second section will be published in issue 50.3 (2008). This supplement contains items published in 2002-2006 (and a few beyond) as well as earlier items which had not been previously listed. This supplement continues the numbering of Supplementum II/7 [Novum Testamentum 46 (2004), 46-77] and, thus, begins with number 10627 and contains 917 items. For new reviews of books previously listed, the author, a brief title and bibliography entry number of the book are given.
Practical Mysticism, Habermas, and Social Work Praxis
Authors: Gray Mel , Lovat Terence 
Published: April 2008

• Summary: Mysticism holds that there is an unseen non-empirical reality which is just as important in people's lives as concrete, observable reality and experience. Practical mysticism implies that this unseen reality results in concrete experience and a particular kind of knowing which is just as influential on people's actions and behaviour as observable reality. The authors draw a connection between practical mysticism and the increasing interest in themes relating to religion and spirituality in social work. These themes relate mainly to issues of meaning, motivation and intention in social work. Like all service professions, social work is undergoing re-evaluation away from merely pragmatic and instrumentalist conceptions of its mission to ones concerned with broader issues of meaning and purpose. In this context, issues of religious and spiritual motivation and intention become relevant. • Findings: We propose that `practical mysticism', arguably revived in Habermasian critical theory, has particular relevance to debates relating to the role of religion and spirituality in social work education and practice. Importantly, practical mysticism has the effect of impelling a rethinking of the relationship between spirituality, religion and the applied values inherent in day-to-day social work practice. We see the consideration of practical mysticism to be a fruitful way of embracing religious and spiritual discourses relevant to social work, including their link with social work ethics and practice. • Applications : When combined with Habermasian critical and communicative action theories, a practical mystical approach to social work impels a practice (or praxis ) with enhanced potential to motivate the actions of social workers themselves, including in their sensitivity to the religious and spiritual motivations and needs of their clients, and so their capacity to engage more effectively with these clients.
Pro-protein convertases control the maturation and processing of the iron-regulatory protein, RGMc/hemojuvelin
Authors: Kuninger David , Kuns-Hashimoto Robin , Nili Mahta , Rotwein Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundRepulsive guidance molecule c (RGMc or hemojuvelin), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked glycoprotein expressed in liver and striated muscle, plays a central role in systemic iron balance. Inactivating mutations in the RGMc gene cause juvenile hemochromatosis (JH), a rapidly progressing iron storage disorder with severe systemic manifestations. RGMc undergoes complex biosynthetic steps leading to membrane-bound and soluble forms of the protein, including both 50 and 40 kDa single-chain species.ResultsWe now show that pro-protein convertases (PC) are responsible for conversion of 50 kDa RGMc to a 40 kDa protein with a truncated COOH-terminus. Unlike related molecules RGMa and RGMb, RGMc encodes a conserved PC recognition and cleavage site, and JH-associated RGMc frame-shift mutants undergo COOH-terminal cleavage only if this site is present. A cell-impermeable peptide PC inhibitor blocks the appearance of 40 kDa RGMc in extra-cellular fluid, as does an engineered mutation in the conserved PC recognition sequence, while the PC furin cleaves 50 kDa RGMcin vitrointo a 40 kDa molecule with an intact NH2-terminus. Iron loading reduces release of RGMc from the cell membrane, and diminishes accumulation of the 40 kDa species in cell culture medium.ConclusionOur results define a role for PCs in the maturation of RGMc that may have implications for the physiological actions of this critical iron-regulatory protein.