bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
If looks could talk: Threat and familiarity influence with whom and how infants interact in ambiguous situations
Authors: Ehli Samantha , Schneider Silvia , Newen Albert , Voigt Babett 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigated how apparent threat of an ambiguous stimuli modulates infants’ looking to interaction partners of varying familiarity (mother, familiar experimenter, unfamiliar experimenter). We hypothesized a preference for familiar informants under higher apparent threat, but a preference for unfamiliar informants under lower apparent threat. The informant encouraged infants (N = 104, 8–13 months) to cross a visual cliff in one of two apparent threat conditions (lower vs. higher drop‐off). Under lower threat, infants looked equally long to all informants, but switched gazes more often between their mother and the cliff. Infants explored the cliff more and crossed more often in the mother condition compared to the other two conditions. They also expressed less negative affect in the presence of the mother compared to the unfamiliar experimenter, but not compared to the familiar experimenter. Under high threat, a similar pattern emerged, except that looking duration to the unfamiliar informant was shorter compared to the low threat condition. Heart rate acceleration appeared when infants were placed on the cliff compared to a baseline phase. Higher levels of negative affectivity (but not higher arousal) were observed under higher compared to lower threat. Overall, we found little evidence of the influence of threat within the visual cliff task. We argue that infants may have perceived the cliff as quite challenging even in the lower threat condition and call for more research on the situational embeddedness of early social learning processes.
Intraocular Parafilaria bovicola infection and surgical removal in a mixed breed heifer
Authors: Shukla A. K. , Contadini A. , Kazmir‐Lysak K. , Schnyder M. , Gerspach C. , Pot S. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn approximately 1.5‐year‐old mixed breed heifer was presented for evaluation and treatment due to ocular pain affecting the right eye secondary to a live nematode within the anterior chamber. Ophthalmic examination revealed marked blepharospasm, evidence of chronic keratitis, uveitis, and a single, white, approximately 2.5 cm long, 0.5 mm thick, living parasite. The heifer underwent general anesthesia, and the parasite was removed using passive aqueous humor outflow following a stab incision into the anterior chamber. Twenty‐four hours after removal of the intraocular parasite, the heifer displayed a significant improvement in ocular comfort, corneal edema, and uveitis. The nematode was identified via genetic analyses as Parafilaria bovicola, a filarial parasite of cattle. The heifer was discharged 5 days following nematode removal with a marked improvement in all ocular signs and apparently normal vision. To the authors' knowledge, there are no previous reports of confirmed intraocular filariosis caused by P. bovicola in the veterinary literature, nor are there reports detailing surgical removal of intraocular parasites in bovids.
Surviving birth at high altitude
Authors: Heath‐Freudenthal Alexandra , Estrada Alejandra , von Alvensleben Inge , Julian Colleen G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis Symposium Review examines challenges to surviving birth and infancy at high altitudes. Chronic exposure to the environmental hypoxia of high altitudes increases the incidence of maternal vascular disorders of pregnancy characterized by placental insufficiency, restricted fetal growth and preterm delivery, and impairs pulmonary vascular health during infancy. While each condition independently contributes to excess morbidity and mortality in early life, evidence indicates vascular disorders of pregnancy and infantile pulmonary vascular dysfunction are intertwined. By integrating our recent scientific and clinical observations in Bolivia with existing literature, we propose potential avenues to reduce the infant mortality burden at high altitudes and reduce pulmonary vascular disease in highland neonates, and emphasize the need for further research to address unresolved questions.
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Pacemaking in the lymphatic system
Authors: Davis Michael J. , Zawieja Scott D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLymphatic collecting vessels exhibit spontaneous phasic contractions that are critical for lymph propulsion and tissue fluid homeostasis. This rhythmic activity is driven by action potentials conducted across the lymphatic muscle cell (LMC) layer to produce entrained contractions. The contraction frequency of a lymphatic collecting vessel displays exquisite mechanosensitivity, with a dynamic range from <1 to >20 contractions per minute. A myogenic pacemaker mechanism intrinsic to the LMCs was initially postulated to account for pressure‐dependent chronotropy. Further interrogation into the cellular constituents of the lymphatic vessel wall identified non‐muscle cell populations that shared some characteristics with interstitial cells of Cajal, which have pacemaker functions in the gastrointestinal and lower urinary tracts, thus raising the possibility of a non‐muscle cell pacemaker. However, recent genetic knockout studies in mice support LMCs and a myogenic origin of the pacemaker activity. LMCs exhibit stochastic, but pressure‐sensitive, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release (puffs and waves) from IP3R1 receptors, which couple to the calcium‐activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1, causing depolarisation. The resulting electrical activity integrates across the highly coupled lymphatic muscle electrical syncytia through connexin 45 to modulate diastolic depolarisation. However, multiple other cation channels may also contribute to the ionic pacemaking cycle. Upon reaching threshold, a voltage‐gated calcium channel‐dependent action potential fires, resulting in a nearly synchronous calcium global calcium flash within the LMC layer to drive an entrained contraction. This review summarizes the key ion channels potentially responsible for the pressure‐dependent chronotropy of lymphatic collecting vessels and various mechanisms of IP3R1 regulation that could contribute to frequency tuning.
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Rotating Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Novel Cooling Channel for Gas Turbine Blade Trailing Edge With Diamond-Type TPMS Structures
Authors: Yeranee Kirttayoth , Xu Chao , Rao Yu , Chen Jianian , Zhang Yueliang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This work designs a Diamond-type triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure that exhibits excellent thermomechanical properties in a gas turbine blade trailing edge to enhance thermal performance and improve heat transfer uniformity. Since the velocity and temperature distributions are altered in the rotating trailing edge channel, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the baseline pin fin and Diamond TPMS models are numerically investigated at the Reynolds number of 10,000 and the rotation numbers of 0.0–0.28. Compared to the baseline model, the Diamond TPMS network significantly decreases recirculation flow at the inner wall, improving heat transfer, especially at the tip and outlet regions. Although the Diamond TPMS model incurs substantial pressure losses from 191% to 234%, it yields significantly higher overall heat transfer than the pin fins by 179%. Consequently, the thermal performance increased by 93.4%. The flow fluctuations due to the rotating effects are minor in the Diamond TPMS architecture, considerably reducing the differences in heat transfer between the leading and trailing walls. The differences in the wetted-area averaged Nusselt number of the baseline and Diamond TPMS models within the studied rotation numbers are 8.5–14.4% and about 8.5%, respectively. Moreover, the Diamond TPMS structure reduces the differences in heat transfer between the root and tip regions at the outlet by up to 80% compared to the pin fins. This improvement helps protect the trailing edge from thermal failure, thereby potentially prolonging the gas turbine blade's lifetime.
Cadence Paradox in Cycling—Part 1: Maximal Lactate Steady State and Carbohydrate Utilization Dependent on Cycling Cadence
Authors: Beneke Ralph , Granseyer Marisa , Leithäuser Renate M. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: To assess (1) whether and how a higher maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) at higher cycling cadence (RPM) comes along with higher absolute and/or fractional carbohydrate combustion (CHOMLSS), respectively, and (2) whether there is an interrelation between potential RPM-dependent MLSS effects and the maximally achievable RPM (RPMMAX). Methods: Twelve healthy males performed incremental load tests to determine peak power, peak oxygen uptake, and 30-minute MLSS tests at 50 and 100 per minute, respectively, to assess RPM-dependent MLSS, corresponding power output, CHOMLSS responses, and 6-second sprints to measure RPMMAX. Results: Peak power, peak carbon dioxide production, and power output at MLSS were lower (P = .000, ω2 = 0.922; P = .044, ω2 > 0.275; and P = .016, ω2 = 0.373) at 100 per minute than at 50 per minute. With 6.0 (1.5) versus 3.8 (1.2) mmol·L−1, MLSS was higher (P = .000, ω2 = 0.771) at 100 per minute than at 50 per minute. No corresponding RPM-dependent differences were found in oxygen uptake at MLSS, carbon dioxide production at MLSS, respiratory exchange ratio at MLSS, CHOMLSS, or fraction of oxygen uptake used for CHO at MLSS, respectively. There was no correlation between the RPM-dependent difference in MLSS and RPMMAX. Conclusions: The present study extends the previous finding of a consistently higher MLSS at higher RPM by indicating (1) that at fully established MLSS conditions, respiration and CHOMLSS management do not differ significantly between 100 per minute and 50 per minute, and (2) that linear correlation models did not identify linear interdependencies between RPM-dependent MLSS conditions and RPMMAX.
Dual- and Single-Task Training in Older Adults With Age-Related Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Usta Ozdemir Hande , Kitis Ali , Ardıc Fazıl Necdet 
Published: March 2024

We aimed to investigate the effects of dual- and single-task training in older adults with age-related hearing loss. Intervention groups included single-, dual-task training, and control groups. The dual- and single-task trainings were held 2 days a week for 40 min for a total of 10 sessions for 5 weeks. We evaluated physical, cognitive, and auditory functions, quality-of-life, balance, concerns about falling, independence in activities of daily living, and dual-task performance. A total of 42 patients fully participated in this study. Statistically significant differences were observed in chair stand, chair sit-and-reach, global cognitive function, and delayed recall between the intervention groups and control group (p < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in quality-of-life, balance, falling concerns, independence in activities of daily living, and dual-task performance between all groups (p > .05). In conclusion, single- and dual-task training had a positive effect on physical and cognitive functioning in older adults with age-related hearing loss.
Nature Games: Traditional Indigenous Games and Environmental Stewardship in Oceania
Authors: Fabian Tom , Osmond Gary , Phillips Murray G. 
Published: March 2024

Traditional games are often situated in counter distinction to modern sport forms and are not well understood in Western society or scholarship. However, from these games, we have the opportunity to learn much about local play and physical culture. This article focuses on traditional Indigenous games in Oceania and how they can be used as a lens for the development of environmental stewardship or ecological sensibilities. The aims of this study are twofold: (1) to lay a foundation for future research in this area and (2) to situate traditional games within the broader sport ecology conversation. By deconstructing the embodied nature of traditional games and overviewing the histories of environmentalism in Oceania, a more grounded claim can be made for the relevance of traditional games within sport and leisure studies scholarship, including sport history, sport sociology, sport anthropology, and sport ecology. The nature games of Oceania yield diverse insights into Indigenous epistemologies, ecological sensibilities, and how outdoor play can be understood as a form of climate action.
Prognostic factors and prediction models for hospitalisation and all-cause mortality in adults presenting to primary care with a lower respiratory tract infection: a systematic review
Authors: Rijk Merijn H , Platteel Tamara N , van den Berg Teun M C , Geersing Geert-Jan , Little Paul , Rutten Frans H , van Smeden Maarten , Venekamp Roderick P 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo identify and synthesise relevant existing prognostic factors (PF) and prediction models (PM) for hospitalisation and all-cause mortality within 90 days in primary care patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).DesignSystematic review.MethodsSystematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were performed. All PF and PM studies on the risk of hospitalisation or all-cause mortality within 90 days in adult primary care LRTI patients were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool and Prediction Model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool tools for PF and PM studies, respectively. The results of included PF and PM studies were descriptively summarised.ResultsOf 2799 unique records identified, 16 were included: 9 PF studies, 6 PM studies and 1 combination of both. The risk of bias was judged high for all studies, mainly due to limitations in the analysis domain. Based on reported multivariable associations in PF studies, increasing age, sex, current smoking, diabetes, a history of stroke, cancer or heart failure, previous hospitalisation, influenza vaccination (negative association), current use of systemic corticosteroids, recent antibiotic use, respiratory rate ≥25/min and diagnosis of pneumonia were identified as most promising candidate predictors. One newly developed PM was externally validated (c statistic 0.74, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.78) whereas the previously hospital-derived CRB-65 was externally validated in primary care in five studies (c statistic ranging from 0.72 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.81) to 0.79 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.92)). None of the PM studies reported measures of model calibration.ConclusionsImplementation of existing models for individualised risk prediction of 90-day hospitalisation or mortality in primary care LRTI patients in everyday practice is hampered by incomplete assessment of model performance. The identified candidate predictors provide useful information for clinicians and warrant consideration when developing or updating PMs using state-of-the-art development and validation techniques.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022341233.
Exploring the syndemic interaction between social, environmental and structural contexts of HIV infection in peri-mining areas in South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Chimoyi Lucy , Ndini Pretty , Oladimeji Matthew , Seatlholo Nieser , Mawokomatanda Kudzai , Charalambous Salome , Setswe Geoffrey 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the syndemic interaction between social, environmental, and structural contexts and HIV infection in peri-mining areas in South Africa.DesignMixed qualitative methods consisting of in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) exploring the interaction between HIV infection and the social, environmental and structural factors affecting people living in the peri-mining areas of South Africa. Themes were analysed following the syndemic theoretical framework.SettingParticipants were recruited from three mining companies and locations in the peri-mining communities surrounding the mining companies in Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and Northern Cape provinces.ParticipantsInclusion criteria included mineworkers, healthcare workers, female sex workers (FSWs), injection drug users (IDUs), and other community members, ≥18 years, living in the peri-mining area at the time of participation. Three FGDs were conducted (n=30): 13 men and 17 women aged 18–55 years. IDIs were conducted with 45 participants: mineworkers (n=10), healthcare workers (n=11), FSWs (n=15), truck drivers (n=4) and IDUs (n=5).ResultsThe findings from this study indicate that a syndemic of four socio-behavioural factors is associated with HIV acquisition in peri-mining areas. These are migrancy, accessibility to alcohol and substance use, commercial and transactional sex, and uptake of HIV prevention services.ConclusionsOur findings have implications for HIV prevention programmes in mining companies, which rely on male condom usage promotion. More emphasis on better education about HIV prevalence, transmission and up-to-date prevention alternatives, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis for mineworkers is recommended. Furthermore, collaboration with community-based organisations is recommended to wholly address the syndemic factors influencing HIV transmission in peri-mining communities.
Characteristics of constipation screening and assessment tools: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Odgaard Lene , Rasmussen Anne A , Feo Rebecca , Kristensen Pia Kjær 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionConstipation is a common and significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems. Accurate assessment of constipation severity and symptom improvement are vital aspects of caring for patients with constipation. Therefore, nurses and allied healthcare professionals should possess knowledge regarding the characteristics of constipation assessment tools (ie, aim, scope, definition of constipation, content, structure, mode, administration time and context of use). However, existing reviews summarising characteristics of tools have been restricted to chronic constipation and self-reported measures. Furthermore, they have not included literature published after 2011. This scoping review aims to identify and comprehensibly map the characteristics of available tools for screening and assessment of constipation in order to manage the nursing care need related to constipation within any healthcare or research context and any patient group.Methods and analysisThis review will include primary research articles, methodological papers and clinical guidelines using tools for constipation screening and assessment, pertinent to nursing care management. It is not limited to a specific population or healthcare setting. Databases to be searched include PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, ProQuest, ClinicalKey and Google Scholar. To identify grey literature, national health services in selected countries will be searched. Papers written in English, Nordic language or German will be included. The reviewers will independently review the retrieved citations against the inclusion criteria, and data from included papers will be extracted using a data extraction form developed for this review. The scoping review will be conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute Guidelines. The results will be presented in a table accompanied by a narrative summary.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required, as no individual patient data are included. Findings will be shared and discussed with relevant stakeholders and disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The protocol is registered on Open Science Framework (registration number: osf.io/h2vzd).
Psychoeducational interventions for people living with chronic communicable disease: a systematic review
Authors: Burke Aoife , Davoren Martin P , Arensman Ella , Harrington Janas M 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivePsychoeducation is increasingly recognised for its value in facilitating adaption to a chronic disease diagnosis. This study aimed to synthesise available literature on the psychoeducation interventions available to adults living with chronic communicable disease.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SocINDEX, PsycINFO and PsycArticles were systematically searched up to May 2023. Peer-reviewed studies, published in English, investigating the impact of psychoeducational interventions on adults living with chronic communicable disease were included, across a range of outcome measures. Narrative synthesis was performed. The Effective Public Health Practice Project tool and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool were used to assess risk of bias.ResultsIn total, 22 studies were included in the review. The majority (n=16) of study populations focused on people living with HIV, followed by hepatitis C (n=5) and genital herpes (n=1). Interventions were delivered online (n=2), via telephone (n=1) and in-person (n=19). The majority of interventions were delivered in group sessions (n=16) and studies emphasised the value of group cohesion for social support, encouraging participants to share their own knowledge in addition to standard didactic presentations. Four studies facilitated peer-led delivery of the psychoeducation. Studies aiming to improve psychological well-being were beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms and/or emotional distress or showed improvement in the participant group overall. There was some evidence to suggest psychoeducation can improve readiness to attend treatment and medication adherence.ConclusionThe findings of this review highlight potential benefits of psychoeducation but indicate more robust clinical trials will be required to examine their effectiveness and elucidate the mechanisms by which they best operate. Future interventions incorporating a broader focus on resilience enhancement and coping skills specific to stigmatisation could more comprehensively serve the needs of adults living with chronic communicable disease, particularly with HIV. The role of peer support in group psychoeducation merits further exploration.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021243058.