bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the 21st birthday a turning point for alcohol and cannabis use? A monthly study of young adults
Authors: Rhew Isaac C. , Gilson Michael S. , Fleming Charles B. , Walukevich‐Dienst Katherine , Guttmannova Katarina , Patrick Megan E. , Lee Christine M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn important life‐course event with respect to alcohol and cannabis use is turning 21 years of age, which may be associated with increases in use of these substances due to celebrations during the month and easier access to them on and following this birthday. We examined the trajectories of alcohol and cannabis use behaviors in the months leading up to, during, and following the 21st birthday month. We also examined whether the use trajectories vary by college status and baseline levels of use.MethodsWe used data from 203 young adults recruited from the Greater Seattle region who turned 21 during the course of the study. Surveys were administered each month for 24 consecutive months. Measures included the typical number of drinks per week for the past month, the frequency of heavy episodic drinking, the number of cannabis use days, and any simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use. Multilevel spline models were run that estimated linear slopes over time at four intervals: (1) up to 1 month before the 21st birthday month; (2) from 1 month before to the month of the 21st birthday; (3) from the 21st birthday month to 1 month following; and (4) from 1 month following the 21st birthday month through all following months.ResultsAlcohol use, generally, and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use showed sharp increases from the month before the 21st birthday month to the 21st birthday month and decreases following the 21st birthday month. For cannabis use, there were significant increases in the months leading up to the 21st birthday and no other significant changes during other time intervals. Patterns differed by baseline substance use and college status.ConclusionsFindings from the current study have implications for the timing and personalization of prevention and intervention efforts. Event‐specific 21st birthday interventions may benefit from incorporating content targeting specific hazardous drinking behaviors in the month prior to the 21st birthday.
Peri‐operative cardiac arrest in the older frail patient as reported to the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists
Authors: Moppett I. K. , Kane A. D. , Armstrong R. A. , Kursumovic E. , Soar J. , Cook T. M. ,   NAP7 panel and team members
Published: April 2024

SummaryFrailty increases peri‐operative risk, but details of its burden, clinical features and the risk of, and outcomes following, peri‐operative cardiac arrest are lacking. As a preplanned analysis of the 7th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists, we described the characteristics of older patients living with frailty undergoing anaesthesia and surgery, and those reported to the peri‐operative cardiac arrest case registry. In the activity survey, 1676 (26%) of 6466 patients aged > 65 y were reported as frail (Clinical Frailty Scale score ≥ 5). Increasing age and frailty were both associated with increasing comorbidities and the proportion of surgery undertaken as an emergency. Except in patients who were terminally ill (Clinical Frailty Scale score 9), increasing frailty was associated with an increased proportion of complex or major surgery. The rate of use of invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring was associated with frailty only until Clinical Frailty Scale score 5, and then plateaued or fell. Of 881 cardiac arrests reported to the 7th National Audit Project, 156 (18%) were in patients aged > 65 y and living with frailty, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 1204 (95%CI 1 in 1027–1412) and a mortality rate of 1 in 2020 (95%CI 1 in 1642–2488), approximately 2.6‐fold higher than in adults who were not frail. Hip fracture, emergency laparotomy, emergency vascular surgery and urological surgery were the most common surgical procedures in older patients living with frailty who had a cardiac arrest. We report a high burden of frailty within the surgical population, requiring complex, urgent surgery, and the extent of poorer outcomes of peri‐operative cardiac arrest compared with patients of the same age not living with frailty.
Does digital transformation crowd out the employment of lower skill labor?
Authors: Wu Ying , Deng Yuanyue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of digital transformation on the employment of low‐skilled labor. Using a large sample of Chinese listed firms for the 2008–2021 period, we find that digital transformation reduces the employment of low‐skilled labor. This result is robust to a battery of sensitivity tests and is attenuated for firms located in regions with higher unemployment rates and for small enterprises. Mechanism tests show that digital transformation affects the employment of low‐skilled labor through the wage effect channel and the substitution effect channel. The paper deepens our understanding of the economic effect of digital transformation on the labor market.
Detection and comparison of neutrophil extracellular traps in tissue samples of peri‐implantitis, periodontitis, and healthy patients: A pilot study
Authors: Al‐Bakri Sarmad Muayad Rasheed , Magan‐Fernandez Antonio , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , O'Valle Francisco , Martin‐Morales Natividad , Padial‐Molina Miguel , Mesa Francisco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to detect and compare the tissular expression of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in peri‐implant and periodontal samples of patients with peri‐implantitis, periodontitis, and controls.Materials and MethodsAn observational study was performed on patients with peri‐implantitis, periodontitis, and controls. Peri‐implant and/or periodontal clinical examinations were performed on each participant. Tissue samples were collected during tooth/implant extraction for clinical reasons. Electron microscopy analysis, Picro‐Sirius red staining, immunohistochemical (CD15), and immunofluorescence (citrullinated H3 and myeloperoxidase) techniques were performed to detect NET‐related structures and the degree of connective tissue destruction, between the study groups.ResultsSixty‐four patients were included in the study: 28 peri‐implantitis, 26 periodontitis, and 10 controls, with a total of 51 implants, 26 periodontal teeth, and 10 control teeth. Neutrophil release of nuclear content was observed in transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a greater CD15 expression in both peri‐implantitis and periodontitis compared to controls (p < 0.001), and peri‐implantitis presented lower levels of connective tissue and collagen compared to both periodontitis (p = 0.044; p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence showed greater citH3 expression in peri‐implantitis than the one found in both periodontitis (p = 0.003) and controls (p = 0.048).ConclusionsA greater presence and involvement of neutrophils, as well as a greater connective tissue destruction were observed in cases of peri‐implantitis. A higher expression of NET‐related markers was found in mucosal samples of peri‐implantitis compared to periodontitis and controls.
Guild‐specific response of bats to motion‐triggered LED lighting of bicycle trails
Authors: Heim Olga , Chávez Fernanda , Courtiol Alexandre , Paul Frederike , Voigt Christian C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMotion‐triggered light‐emitting diodes (LED) could reduce light pollution; however, its effect on nocturnal animals is poorly known. Here, we investigated how bats respond to the motion‐triggered lighting of a bicycle path, an infrastructure that is increasingly being built to support human mobility. We measured the acoustic activity of bats in relation to the activity of LED lights. The responses of bats varied during the night and between functional guilds: Edge‐space foraging bats avoided LED lighting, but the response was less clear during early and late night. Open‐space foraging and narrow‐space foraging bats avoided the LED lighting, especially late at night. The foraging intensity remained relatively stable across the night for bats of all guilds. We conclude that the motion‐sensitive LED lighting of bicycle paths induces a guild‐specific avoidance response in bats, which could be mitigated by shorter lighting periods.
Fusion‐driven cutaneous and superficial mesenchymal and adnexal tumors—A clinicopathologic and molecular study of 15 cases, including a novel case of ACTB::ZMIZ2‐rearranged adnexal carcinoma
Authors: Dehner Carina A. , Johnson Emma F. , Wieland Carrie N. , Camilleri Michael J. , Kajdacsy‐Balla Andre , Oliveira Andre M. , Halling Kevin C. , Gupta Sounak , Guo Ruifeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile the list of fusion‐driven soft tissue neoplasms is expanding rapidly, their importance among cutaneous and superficial mesenchymal and adnexal neoplasms remains poorly understood. This challenge is especially evident in cases with ambiguous histopathology that are difficult to classify based on morphology.AimsOur goal was to investigate the benefits of next‐generation sequencing in diagnosing complex cutaneous neoplasms.Materials & MethodsDepartmental archives were searched for fusion‐driven cutaneous neoplasms. Slides were retrieved and clinical information including follow‐up was obtained.ResultsFifteen cases occurred in eight female and seven male patients, with a median age of 26 years (range: 1–83) at diagnosis. Tumors involved the extremities (9), scalp (5), and head and neck (1). Predominant features included myoepithelial (5), nested spindled with clear cytoplasm (2), atypical adnexal/squamoid (2), small round blue cell (2), cellular spindled (3), and fibrohistiocytic morphology (1). Most frequently encountered fusions involved EWSR1 (6) fused to ERG (1), FLI1 (1), CREB1 (2), CREM (1), PBX3 (1), followed by PLAG1 (4) with LIFR (2), TRPS1 (1) and CHCHD7. Additional fusions encountered were YAP1::NUTM1, EML4::ALK, SS18::SSX1 (2), and a novel fusion: ACTB::ZMIZ2. Integration of histologic features and molecular findings led to final diagnoses of primary cutaneous Ewing sarcoma (2), soft tissue myoepithelioma (4), cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma (1), cutaneous adnexal carcinoma (1), porocarcinoma (1), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (1), synovial sarcoma (2), clear cell sarcoma (2), and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (1).Discussion and conclusionOur results show that fusion testing can be a helpful diagnostic tool, especially in cases with unusual or uncommon morphology in superficial sites. Furthermore, it can allow for the identification of potential therapeutic targets in some instances.
Immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of biosimilar insulin glargine (Gan & Lee glargine) compared with originator insulin glargine (Lantus®) in patients with type 2 diabetes after 26 weeks' treatment: A randomized open label study
Authors: Christofides Elena A. , Puente Orlando , Norwood Paul , Denham Douglas , Maheshwari Hiralal , Lillestol Michael , Hart Terence , Nakhle Samer , Chadha Anurekha , Fitz‐Patrick David , Sugimoto Danny , Soufer Joseph , Young Douglas , Warren Mark , Huffman David , Reed John , Bays Harold , Arora Samir , Rizzardi Barbara , Tidman Raymond , Rendell Marc , Johnson Kimball A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the equivalence of immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of Gan & Lee (GL) Glargine (Basalin®; Gan & Lee Pharmaceutical) with that of the reference product (Lantus®) in adult participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThis was a phase 3, multicenter, open‐label, equivalence trial conducted across 57 sites. In total, 567 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo treatment with either GL Glargine or Lantus® for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants in each treatment arm who manifested treatment‐induced anti‐insulin antibodies (AIA). Secondary endpoints included efficacy and safety metrics, changes in glycated haemoglobin levels, and a comparative assessment of adverse events. Results were analysed using an equivalence test comparing the limits of the 90% confidence interval (CI) for treatment‐induced AIA development to the prespecified margins.ResultsThe percentages of participants positive for treatment‐induced glycated haemoglobin by week 26 were similar between the GL Glargine (19.2%) and Lantus® (21.3%) treatment groups, with a treatment difference of −2.1 percentage points and a 90% CI (−7.6%, 3.5%) (predefined similarity margins: −10.7%, 10.7%). The difference in glycated haemoglobin was −0.08% (90% CI, −0.23, 0.06). The overall percentage of participants with any treatment‐emergent adverse events was similar between the GL Glargine (80.1%) and Lantus® (81.6%) treatment groups.ConclusionsGL Glargine was similar to Lantus® in terms of immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety, based on the current study.
Evaluating the global impact of low physical activity on type 2 diabetes: Insights from the global burden of disease 2019 study
Authors: Luo Juan , Zhao Xinlan , Li Qianru , Zou Binbin , Xie Wen , Lei Yanjun , Yi Jinglin , Zhang Chi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to assess the global implications of low physical activity (LPA) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019.MethodsThe analysis was conducted by examining the age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) rates over a 30‐year period. To assess the trends, we utilized estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs).ResultsThe study revealed a notable increase in the burden of DALYs attributable to T2DM resulting from LPA, with an EAPC of 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.78‐0.89). Among the regions examined, Oceania showed the highest burden, whereas Eastern Europe exhibited the lowest burden. Specifically, within the Central Asia region, a considerable increase in T2DM‐LPA DALYs was observed, with an EAPC of 3.18 (95% confidence interval 3.01‐3.36). The burden associated with T2DM‐LPA DALYs was found to be similar between genders and increased across all age groups, peaking in the 80‐84 years. Furthermore, there was a clear association between the socio‐demographic index (SDI) and the age‐standardized DALYs rate. Regions categorized as low‐middle and middle SDI experienced a substantial rise in burden.ConclusionThis study highlights a substantial increase in the T2DM‐LPA DALYs in low‐middle and middle SDI regions, as well as among individuals aged 80‐84 years. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing comprehensive global health interventions that promote physical activity, particularly targeting high‐risk populations and regions.
An update review of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus: Concept, risk factors, clinical implications and management
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Topçu A. Umur , Guldan Mustafa , Ozbek Lasin , Gaipov Abduzhappar , Ferro Charles , Cozzolino Mario , Cherney David Z. I. , Tuttle Katherine R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveKidney transplantation is the gold standard therapeutic alternative for patients with end‐stage renal disease; nevertheless, it is not without potential complications leading to considerable morbidity and mortality such as post‐transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). This narrative review aims to comprehensively evaluate PTDM in terms of its diagnostic approach, underlying pathophysiological pathways, epidemiological data, and management strategies.MethodsArticles were retrieved from electronic databases using predefined search terms. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies investigating PTDM diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and management strategies.ResultsPTDM emerges as a significant complication following kidney transplantation, influenced by various pathophysiological factors including peripheral insulin resistance, immunosuppressive medications, infections, and proinflammatory pathways. Despite discrepancies in prevalence estimates, PTDM poses substantial challenges to transplant. Diagnostic approaches, including traditional criteria such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c, are limited in their ability to capture early PTDM manifestations. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) emerges as a valuable tool, particularly in the early post‐transplant period. Management strategies for PTDM remain unclear, within sufficient evidence from large‐scale randomized clinical trials to guide optimal interventions. Nevertheless, glucose‐lowering agents and life style modifications constitute primary modalities for managing hyperglycemia in transplant recipients.DiscussionThe complex interplay between PTDM and the transplant process necessitates individualized diagnostic and management approaches. While early recognition and intervention are paramount, modifications to maintenance immunosuppressive regimens based solely on PTDM risk are not warranted, given the potential adverse consequences such as increased rejection risk. Further research is essential to refine management strategies and enhance outcomes for transplant recipients.
Patterns of initial and first‐intensifying antidiabetic drug utilization among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Scotland, 2010–2020: A retrospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Mahmoud Fatema , Mueller Tanja , Mullen Alexander , Sainsbury Christopher , Rushworth Gordon F. , Kurdi Amanj 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the utilization and prescribing patterns of antidiabetic drugs (ADDs) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at treatment initiation and first intensification.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using linked routinely collected data of patients with T2DM who received ADDs between January 2010 and December 2020 in Scotland. The prescribing patterns were quantified using frequency/percentages, absolute/relative change, and trend tests.ResultsOverall, 145 909 new ADD users were identified, with approximately 91% (N = 132 382) of patients receiving a single ADD at first treatment initiation. Metformin was the most often prescribed monotherapy (N = 118 737, 89.69%). A total of 50 731 patients (39.40%) who were started on metformin (N = 46 730/118 737, 39.36%) or sulphonylurea (SU; N = 4001/10 029, 39.89%) monotherapy had their treatment intensified with one or more additional ADD. Most initial‐metformin (45 963/46 730; 98.36%) and initial‐SU users (3894/4001; 97.33%) who added further drugs were intensified with single ADDs. SUs (22 197/45 963; 48.29%) were the most common first‐intensifying monotherapy after initial metformin use, but these were replaced by sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in 2019 (SGLT2 inhibitors: 2039/6065, 33.62% vs. SUs: 1924/6065, 31.72%). Metformin was the most frequently added monotherapy to initial SU use (2924/3894, 75.09%). Although the majority of patients received a single ADD, the use of combination therapy significantly increased over time. Nevertheless, there was a significant increasing trend towards prescribing the newer ADD classes (SGLT2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors) as monotherapy or in combination compared with the older ones (SUs, insulin, thiazolidinediones) at both drug initiation and first intensification.ConclusionsAn overall increasing trend in prescribing the newer ADD classes compared to older ADDs was observed. However, metformin remained the most commonly prescribed first‐line ADD, while SGLT2 inhibitors replaced SUs as the most common add‐on therapy to initial metformin use in 2019.
Cell‐type specific molecular expression levels by restricted‐dimensional cytometry
Authors: Kaplan David , Lazarus Hillard M. , Christian Eric 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCytometric analysis has been commonly used to delineate distinct cell subpopulations among peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the differential expression of surface receptors. This capability has reached its apogee with high‐dimensional approaches such as mass cytometry and spectral cytometry that include simultaneous assessment of 20–50 analytes. Unfortunately, this approach also engenders significant complexity with analytical and interpretational pitfalls.MethodsHere, we demonstrate a complementary approach with restricted‐dimensionality to assess cell‐type specific intracellular molecular expression levels at exceptional levels of precision. The expression of five analytes was individually assessed in four mononuclear cell‐types from peripheral blood.ResultsDistinctions in expression levels were seen between cell‐types and between samples from different donor groups. Mononuclear cell‐type specific molecular expression levels distinguished pregnant from nonpregnant women and G‐CSF‐treated from untreated persons. Additionally, the precision of our analysis was sufficient to quantify a novel relationship between two molecules—Rel A and translocator protein—by correlational analysis.ConclusionsRestricted‐dimensional cytometry can provide a complementary approach to define characteristics of cell‐type specific intracellular protein and phosphoantigen expression in mononuclear cells.
An intelligent detecting model for financial frauds in Chinese A‐share market
Authors: Sun Yunchuan , Zeng Xiaoping , Xu Ying , Yue Hong , Yu Xipu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFinancial frauds can cause serious damage to financial markets but are hard to detect manually. In this study, we develop an intelligent detecting model to efficiently identify financial frauds by using XGBoost on raw financial data items in corporation financial statements. With listed companies in Chinese A‐share Market taken as samples, empirical results reveal that the proposed model works better than traditional models by a large margin in detecting fraud. Notably, the proposed model exhibits superior performance when used together with raw financial data items than with financial indicators. Moreover, the proposed model remains robust on outperformance in fraud detection when serial fraud cases are recoded, test periods are altered, more raw financial data are input, as well as other machine learning models–the AdaBoost and SVM–are selected as benchmark models. Our study enriches the application of machine learning in finance sector, and highlights the economic significance of raw financial data as the financial system's most fundamental components.