bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary protein/phosphate restriction in normal dogs and dogs with chronic renal failure
Authors: Polzin D. J. , Osborne C A. , Lulich J. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe effects of three dietary protein intakes (1–9, 1–3, and 0–6 g protein/kg bodyweight/day) on selected aspects of protein, mineral and electrolyte balance as well as renal functions was studied in normal dogs with moderate chronic renal failure. Dietary phosphate levels varied according to the quantity of phosphate in protein sources. Within the ranges of protein intake examined in this study, protein intake did not have a significant effect on glomerular filtration rates as measured by inulin clearance or 24‐hour creatinine clearance. Restricting protein intake to less than 1–9 g protein/kg bodyweight/day further reduced retention of nitrogenous waste products as measured by serum urea nitrogen concentrations, but at the expense of adequate protein nutrition. Diets providing less than 1–9 g protein/kg bodyweight/day promoted protein malnutrition characterised by hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia in both normal dogs and dogs with renal failure. Serum protein concentrations were similar in normal and renal failure dogs, suggesting that, under the conditions of this study, normal and renal failure dogs may have similar protein requirements. Progressive dietary protein/phosphate restriction improved but did not normalise phosphate balance in renal failure dogs.
Delayed ossification of the femoral head in dogs with hip dysplasia
Authors: Madsen J. S. , Reimann I. , Svalastoga E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn humans, delayed ossification of the caput femoris is often seen associated with hip dysplasia in babies. This phenomenon may possibly exist in dogs. In this study, the radiographic appearance of the caput femoris of 13 German shepherd dogs was examined. The dogs underwent pelvic radiography at the age of 14 to 15 days, six weeks, and 12 months. A significant relationship was shown between hip dysplasia and the late appearance of the epiphysis of the caput femoris (P=0–02). At the age of 14 to 15 days it was not possible to see both epiphyses in 54 per cent of the dogs. All of these dogs had hip dysplasia when they were 12 months old. This was in contrast to the six dogs which had both epiphyses visible when they were 14 to 15 days old. At 12 months of age, four of these dogs (67 per cent) did not show any sign of hip dysplasia.
Occipitoatlantoaxial malformation with atlantoaxial subluxation in a cat
Authors: Jaggy A. , Hutto V. L. , Roberts R. E. , Oliver J. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOccipitoatlantoaxial malformation and atlantoaxial subluxation was diagnosed in a three‐year‐old castrated male domestic shorthair cat. Clinical signs included ataxia, postural reaction deficits, abnormal spinal reflexes, and behaviour changes. Radiographic examination revealed malformation and hypoplasia of the occipital condyles, hypoplasia of the dens, and atlantoaxial subluxation. Electroencephalographic (EEG) findings included high voltage slow activity and sharp waves with superimposed low voltage fast activity in the occipital leads and sinusoidal beta waves in the frontal leads. Basilar artery compression as a result of atlantoaxial instability is suspected to have caused the behavioural changes and EEG abnormalities in this patient. The cat was treated by stabilisation of the atlantoaxial subluxation by ventral cross pin fixation, odontectomy, and arthrodesis of the atlantoaxial articulation. The patient responded well to treatment and was neurologically normal 18 months after surgery.
Miliary dermatitis in the cat
Authors: Grant D. I. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMiliary dermatitis is a cutaneous response to disease states seen in the cat. It is not in itself a diagnosis. Conditions which may lead to miliary dermatitis lesions can be divided into hypersensitivity disorders, parasitic causes, infections and miscellaneous causes. A thorough investigation frequently leads to a diagnosis which enables specific therapy. Symptomatic, empirical therapy is less satisfactory and may in the long term cause side effects, The single most important cause of miliary dermatitis in the UK and elsewhere in the world is flea‐bite hypersensitivity. Other important and increasingly recognised causes include atopy and food hypersensitivity. With determination and a thorough approach to diagnosis the number of idiopathic cases of miliary dermatitis are small.
Essential hypernatraemia in a young dog
Authors: Hawks D. , Giger U. , Miselis R. , Bovee K. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA five‐month‐old great dane puppy was presented with hypernatraemia and clinical signs of vomiting, depression, disorientation, hyperi‐rritability and adipsia. A diagnosis of essential hypernatraemia was based on the observation of adipsia, severe hypernatraemia, ability to concentrate urine only when hypovolaemic, normal serum aldosterone levels, normokalaemia and normotension. No abnormalities were found on histopathology of the neurocircuitry of the brain. This dog is compared with other reported cases of hypernatraemia in both dogs and humans.
Canine spinal ‘arachnoid cysts’
Authors: Dyce J. , Heritage M. E. , Houlton J. E. F. , Palmer A. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and radiological findings of five cases of so‐called spinal ‘arachnoid cysts’ in dogs are reported. Four cases presented with neurological syndromes suggestive of focal compression of the spinal cord whereas one was clinically asymptomatic. The diagnosis was confirmed in each case by myelography and supported, in three instances, by histopathology. Evidence of spinal dysraphism was common to these cases. The findings are discussed in relation to four previously described cases.
Use of polyester fibre as a prosthetic cranial cruciate ligament in small animals
Authors: Stead A. C. , Amis A. A. , Campbellt J. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMultifilament polyester was used as a prosthesis for the ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments in 66 dogs and two cats (75 stifles). Three different surgical techniques were used. The polyester was anchored distally through a hole in the tibial tuberosity and either passed ‘over the top’ of the lateral femoral condyle, or through combined femoral and tibial tunnels, or through a single tibial tunnel and over the top of the lateral femoral condyle. The clinical results from the two ‘over the top’ methods were superior. Follow‐up radiographs showed widening of anchor holes and bone tunnels and marginal osteophytes were present in all but one case.
Radiological evaluation of ‘wobbler’ syndrome ‐caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy
Authors: Sharp N. I. H. , Wheeler S. J. , Cofone M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCaudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (‘wobbler’ syndrome) is a common neurological disorder of large and giant breed dogs. Diagnostic evaluation requires radiological assessment, including plain radiography and myelography. Computed tomography can be used to give additional information on vertebral and spinal cord disease. This paper reviews plain radiographic and myelographic techniques and findings in caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy. The value of computed tomographic myelography is also reviewed. The relevance of the conventional radiological and computed tomographic findings to surgical treatment are discussed. Similarities between this condition and cervical spondylotic myelopathy in man are also examined.
Vaginal cytology and cervicovaginal mucus arborisation in the breeding management of bitches
Authors: England G. C. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFifty bitches were mated on the basis of results of vaginal cytological and cervicovaginal mucus arborisation examination. When these were compared with a control group of 50 bitches mated on days 10 and 12 after the onset of proestrus there was a significant increase in pregnancy rate from 78 to 92 per cent. The litter size and bitch productivity was also increased, although this was not statistically significant. Forty‐two per cent of bitches had two peaks of anuclear epithelial cells in the vaginal smear, separated by a mean of 3–6 ± 1–5 (SD) days. For these bitches, the maximum percentage of anuclear cells at the second peak was between 57 and 98 per cent, and the mean interval between the calculated day of the surge in plasma luteinising hormone (LH) and the second peak of anuclear cells was 4‐4 ± 2‐0 days. In bitches with one peak of anuclear epithelial cells, the maximum percentage of anuclear cells was between 43 and 94 per cent and the mean interval between the calculated day of the LH surge and the peak of anuclear cells was 1–9 ± 2‐1 days. Arborisation of mucus collected from the anterior vagina was noted in all bitches; the mean interval between the calculated day of the LH surge and the peak of ferning was 2–3 ± 2‐1 days. The collection of exfoliative cells by aspiration from the cranial vagina and the assessment of the anuclear cell index, may allow the identification of the fertile period after the surge of plasma LH. The anuclear cell index offers advantages over other methods of classification of exfoliative vaginal cells. When used in combination with examination of arborisation of cervicovaginal mucus this method can improve the breeding management of bitches.
Pathology of surgically resected tissue from 305 cases of anal furunculosis in the dog
Authors: Day M. J. , Weaver B. M. Q. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTData are presented from a series of 305 cases of canine anal furunculosis in which the German shepherd dog was over‐represented (n = 255) compared with dogs of other breeds (n = 50). The age and sex distribution in each group was similar. The nature and severity of pathological change in surgically resected tissue from German shepherd dogs was compared to that in dogs of other breeds. The microscopic appearance of lesions in each group was similar and did not suggest a simple reason for the breed predisposition in this disorder.
Inherited hyperchylomicro‐naemia in the cat: Lipoprotein lipase function and gene structure
Authors: Watson T. D. G. , Gaffhey D. , Mooney C. T. , Thompson H. , Packard C. J. , Shepherd J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHyperchylomicronaemia was identified in a four‐week‐old Siamese kitten with lethargy, in‐appetence, hindlimb ataxia and profound anaemia. The kitten was euthanased and at necropsy a thrombus was found occluding the caudal aorta. Two littermates later presented with lethargy, inappetence and hypertriglyceri‐daemia which resolved after being weaned on to a low fat diet. A similar condition was subsequently diagnosed in a kitten born to the same sire but a different queen. The expression of hyperchylomicronaemia in two related litters was suggestive of an inherited, familial defect in the function of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The activity of this enzyme was reduced in all three parents, the two recovered cases and two related, but apparently unaffected kittens, compared with a control group of unrelated cats belonging to the breeder. This reduction in activity was not attributable to defective activation of LPL by its serum cofactor apolipoprotein C‐II or the presence in plasma of a factor that inhibited LPL. The gene that codes for LPL was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using a human LPL cDNA probe. The results showed that the cat has a similar, but not identical, LPL gene to man. However, there were no differences in the restriction fragment patterns obtained from affected, unaffected and control animals.
Total ear canal ablation combined with lateral bulla osteotorny in J the cat
Authors: Williams J. M. , White R. A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEighteen total ear canal ablations combined with lateral bulla osteotomy (TECA/LBO) procedures were performed in 15 cats over a period of 30 months. The indications for surgery included neoplastic disease, ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma of the horizontal canal or middle ear (10 ears), squamous cell carcinoma extending from the pinna (four), polyps emanating from the middle ear (three), and chronic unremitting middle ear disease (one). Complications associated with surgery included facial paralysis (seven cases), facial neuropraxia (four), Horner's syndrome (three), and wound dehiscion (one). Eleven cats were alive and disease‐free six months after the surgery. The results indicate that the major indication for TECA/LBO in the cat is neoplastic disease involving the ear. Unlike the procedure in the dog, for which the usual indication is benign end‐stage ear disease, neurological complications are common despite meticulous surgical dissections. In addition, the postoperative prognosis is guarded because of malignant disease in many cases.
Giardia infection in a group of experimental dogs
Authors: Zajac A. M. , Leib M. S. , Burkholder W. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwelve experimental dogs were monitored for Giardia infection over a 17 month period by both duodenal aspirate and zinc sulphate flotation of faeces. Each animal was found to be Giardia‐pos‐itive at least twice during this time despite treatment of positive animals. Giardia was frequently identified by both faecal examination and aspirate, but in some cases only one technique proved positive. The results indicated that faecal examinations are as effective as duodenal aspirates in the diagnosis of infection. At the end of the 17 month period six dogs were treated with corticosteroid: three of these treated dogs and one of six untreated animals became positive for Giardia.
Legg‐Calve‐Perthes disease in dogs: Genetic aetiology
Authors: Robinson R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe incidence of Legg‐Calve‐Perthes disease among litters with affected individuals is examined for four of the smaller breeds of dog, with special regard to the West Highland white terrier and the Yorkshire terrier. In these two breeds, the incidence is such to indicate monogenic recessive inheritance of the condition. The symbol pd is proposed for the gene. The available evidence suggests a similar aetiology for the miniature poodle and pug.
Large granular lymphoma in an FIV‐positive and FeLV‐negative cat
Authors: Buracco P. , Guglielmino R. , Abate O. , Bocchini V. , Cornaglia E. , DeNicola D. B. , Cilli M. , Ponzio P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical course of a feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)‐negative and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)‐positive cat affected with a large granular lymphocyte lymphoma is presented. Cyto‐logical examination showed neoplastic cells in the pleural effusion and in two abdominal masses. Bone marrow and peripheral blood were moderately involved and chemotherapy was used to control the tumour. Cytochemistry, immunohis‐tochemistry and ultrastructural studies were applied to define the cellular lineage; cytochemistry suggested a T‐cell lineage.
Intrapericardial neoplasia in 14 dogs
Authors: Cobb M. A. , Brownlie S. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFourteen cases of intrapericardial neoplasia seen over a three year period are reviewed. The clinical details and the electrocardiographic, radiographic and laboratory findings are summarised. The usefulness of two‐dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of intrapericardial mass lesions is emphasised. The prognosis was generally very poor, even in cases in which surgery was performed.
Eosinophilic leukaemoid reaction in a dog
Authors: Jensen A. L. , Nielsen O. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA haematological disorder in a dog characterised by a massive leucocytosis, mainly composed of eosinophils and their precursors is reported here. The normal composition of cells in the bone marrow was displaced in favour of the eosinophils and their precursors. No apparent cause for the pronounced eosinophilia could be determined by clinical, haematological, clinical‐chemical, radiological or pathological examinations. A diagnosis of eosinophilic leukaemoid reaction was suggested as the criteria for the diagnosis of eosinophilic leukaemia in the dog but this was not firmly established.
Muscle relaxants in canine anaesthesia 1: History and the drugs
Authors: Jones R. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe history of the introduction of muscle relaxants into medical and veterinary anaesthesia is discussed. It is interesting to note that the compounds were used in animals for therapeutic purposes some 100 years before their introduction into human anaesthetic practice. The concept of the triad approach to anaesthesia by separate consideration of the three components of narcosis, reflex depression and muscle relaxation is considered. The properties of the depolarising and non‐depolarising muscle relaxant drugs are described. The only depolarising relaxant which is in common use is suxamethonium which produces an initial depolarisation of the muscle end‐plate which is accompanied by fasciculation of muscle and is non‐reversible. There are a number of non‐depolarising or competitive muscle relaxants which are available for use in the dog. They are reversible by anticholinesterase drugs and are potentiated by volatile anaesthetic agents. The properties of the more recently introduced compounds atracurium besylate and vecuronium bromide are considered in the light of their differences when compared with the older compounds.
Flexural deformity of the carpus in puppies
Authors: Vaughan L. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA flexural deformity affecting one or both forelimbs identified in 21 puppies of six to 12 weeks of age closely resembled a condition which has long been known in foals and farm animals at birth or shortly afterwards. In the puppies the characteristic feature was carpal hyperflexion which was associated with tautness of the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. The majority recovered spontaneously with conservative management but in two puppies it was necessary to section the shortened tendons to enable a normal limb posture to be regained. The fact that there was a preponderance of dobermann pinschers (17 out of 21) in the group opens speculation about an hereditary factor being involved, but further study is needed before such a correlation can be reached.
A regional curare test for evaluation of myotonia in dogs
Authors: Poncelet L. , Gilbert S. , Snaps F. , Balligand M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a regional curare test performed in a dog suffering from myotonia and hyperadrenocorticism. The test prevented innervation to the pronator teres muscle of the left limb and allowed electrical activity to be observed in the muscle without the need for a general neuromuscular blockade; various types of spontaneous activity other than myotonic discharges were also observed. Details of the method are given and its usefulness in the evaluation of myopathies is discussed.
Paraprostatic cyst in a cat
Authors: Newell S. M. , Mahaffey M. B. , Binhazim A. , Greene C E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA paraprostatic cyst and lymphosarcoma were found in a neutered male cat that was being evaluated for monoparesis and pollakiuria. The cyst was first detected on physical examination as a palpable caudal abdominal mass. Survey radiography, intravenous urography and ultrasonography were used to further evaluate the cyst. The exact histological nature of the cyst was determined by post mortem examination to be a paraprostatic cyst of prostatic origin that communicated with the urethra. The lining of the cyst consisted of one to two layers of transitional epithelium which was continuous with prostatic ductules in several locations. This is the first reported paraprostatic cyst of prostatic origin in a cat.
Measurement of feline intact parathyroid hormone: Assay validation and sample handling studies
Authors: Barber P. J. , Elliott J. , Torrance A. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA two‐site intact immunoradiometric assay was validated for the measurement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the cat, by assessment of precision, sensitivity and specificity. The mean intra‐ and interassay coefficients of variation were 12·7 and 12·8 per cent, respectively. The sensitivity of the assay was 3·90 pgl/ml. The presence of carboxyl fragment interference was suspected from the non‐parallel dilution of two of seven feline samples and the decreased recovery of PTH on addition of carboxyl terminal fragment PTH to samples. The plasma PTH concentration, measured using this assay, in 40 clinically healthy cats was 10·9 ± 5·3 pg/ml (mean ± SD). The assay demonstrated appropriate responses in cases of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcaemia of malignancy and iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. Storage characteristics would permit posting of samples. This assay will therefore provide a useful non‐invasive tool for the diagnosis of disorders of calcium metabolism in the cat.
Spontaneous oesophageal rupture in a dog — a Boerhaave‐like syndrome
Authors: Butinar J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA six‐year‐old dobermann pinscher sustained a spontaneous rupture of the cervical oesophagus following severe tenesmus as a postoperative complication of abdominal surgery. The clinical and histopathological features of this case are described. Since this condition does not appear to have been reported to date in the dog the literature describing this condition in man is briefly reviewed.
Aortic body carcinoma and myocardial infarction in a dobermann pinscher
Authors: Bossbaly M. J. , Buchanan J. W. , Sammarco C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDilated cardiomyopathy is the usual cause of congestive heart failure in the dobermann pinscher and was the presumptive diagnosis in an eight‐year‐old female dobermann pinscher presented for dyspnoea and syncope. This was supported by thoracic radiography and electrocardiographic evidence of ventricular tachycardia. An echocardiogram revealed a left atrial tumour as the principal cause of cardiac failure. Pathological examination confirmed that the tumour was a large aortic body carcinoma in an unusual location. Multifocal myocardial infarctions were also found. This unusual case demonstrates the importance of a complete cardiological examination as part of a diagnostic work up and confirms the necessity of echocardiography as one of the examination methods.
Treatment of periodontitis in dogs with tinidazole
Authors: Sarkiala E. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of tinidazole administered in addition to a single course of scaling was evaluated in the treatment of periodontitis in 14 small dogs. Periodontal parameters, such as pocket depth, gingival bleeding after probing, furcation involvements and tooth mobility, were examined at baseline, 14 days, and three and six months. After thorough scaling and root planing, tinidazole (15 to 25 mg/ kg) or placebo was given orally twice daily for seven days. Tinidazole plus scaling resulted in a statistically significant decrease from the baseline values in the mean pocket depth, percentage of deep (greater than 3 mm) pockets and frequency of gingival bleeding for six months. In the placebo plus scaling group, mean pocket depth, percentage of deep pockets, frequency of gingival bleeding and number of furcation involvements were significantly lower at 14 days than at baseline. The decrease in bleeding tendency was significantly greater in the tinidazole than in the placebo group at the first two follow‐up visits. Similarly, pocket depth and the percentage of deep pockets at the last two visits had decreased significantly more in the tinidazole group than in the placebo group. The use of tinidazole in addition to scaling seems to result in longer lasting improvement of the periodontal condition in dogs with periodontitis than scaling alone.