bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum immunosuppressive acidic protein reflects systemic deterioration of colorectal cancer patient condition
Authors: Toiyama Yuji , Miki Chikao , Inoue Yasuhiro , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Koike Yuki , Watanabe Hideki , Yokoe Takeshi , Hiro Junichirou , Ojima Eiki , Tanaka Kouji , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAimsImmunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) is a potent biological marker for immunological surveillance in patients with malignant tumors. This study aimed to investigate the significance of serum IAP as an index of disease status, clinicopathological findings and prognosis in colorectal cancer.MethodsA total of 101 patients with colorectal cancer and 80 normal volunteers were included in this retrospective trial. Preoperative serum IAP was assayed using a commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit.ResultsThe serum IAP level in the patients, which was not associated with clinicopathological features except for tumor size, was significantly higher than that in controls. The serum IAP level was closely correlated with percent body weight loss, serum albumin and cholinesterase, and percentage of circulating lymphocytes reflecting the host's nutritional and immunological conditions. Interestingly, these parameters were not associated with factors reflecting disease progression except for tumor size. The prognosis of patients with higher IAP levels was significantly worse than that of patients with lower IAP levels. Furthermore, an elevated serum IAP level was an independent prognostic marker in all patients.ConclusionThe preoperative serum IAP level may reflect the general condition of colorectal cancer patients, and thus may predict long‐term survival independently of stage progression. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:404–408. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Propylene Copolymers with Odd Carbon Number Olefins
Authors: Tincul Ioan , Joubert Dawie , Sanderson Ron 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPreliminary investigation on propylene copolymers with odd carbon number olefin are reviewed. Additional experimental data presents propylene copolymers with 1‐heptene and 1‐nonene having higher impact strength and lower tensile strength values than copolymers of propylene and 1‐pentene.Thermoanalysis shows that the melting temperatures of the different copolymers decreases with increasing comonomer content. Slight changes were observed between the different propylene/1‐heptene copolymer melting and propylene/1‐pentene while the 1‐nonene copolymers show broadening of the melting curves as the comonomer content increases. It was highlighted that the source of novelty for these polymers is the comonomer type and content.
Morphology Control in Metallocene Polymerization; Organic Supports vs. Non‐aqueous Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Klapper Markus , Nenov Svetlin , Diesing Till , Müllen Klaus 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNano‐sized latex support in metallocene polymerization is known to be able to avoid fuming or leaching and leads to a powder‐like and well‐processable polymer. Focus has been put on the fragmentation behaviour of the particles, a key parameter to morphology control. To study the different behaviour of the new systems as classical inorganic supported metallocenes, e.g. SiO2, a wide range of analytical methods were applied. Fluorescence microscopy, polymerization videomicroscopy, as well as kinetic studies led to a better understanding of the process. The performance of the supports was approved by several phenoxy‐imine type catalysts (“FI‐Catalyst”), which were combined with a tailored latex support. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was synthesized without any reactor fouling thereby. A different approach towards the metallocene catalyzed olefin polymerization is also presented. Based on emulsion polymerization, it enables very good control over product morphology. The completely hydrophobic system consists of perfluorinated solvent as a continuous phase and a hydrocarbon solvent as a dispersed phase. In contrast to the already existing water based emulsion polymerization of olefins, very high molecular weights are achieved.
Ethylene–Norbornene Copolymerization by Rare‐Earth Metal Complexes and by Carbon Nanotube‐Supported Metallocene Catalysis
Authors: Tritto I. , Boggioni L. , Ravasio A. , Zampa C. , Hitzbleck J. , Okuda J. , Bredeau S. , Dubois P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractE–N copolymerization with a number of half‐sandwich rare‐earth metal compounds [M(η5‐C5Me4SiMe2R)(η1‐CH2SiMe3)2(L)] (M = Sc, Y, Lu) has been achieved. Mainly atactic alternating EN copolymers are obtained with all catalytic systems. Interestingly, copolymers arising from [Sc(η5‐C5Me4SiMe2C6F5)(η1‐CH2SiMe3)2(THF)]/[/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] possess narrower molar mass distributions than those from [Sc(η5‐C5Me4SiMe3)(η1‐CH2SiMe3)2(THF)]/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. In addition, homogeneous surface coating of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes is accomplished for the first time by in situ E–N copolymerization as catalyzed by rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MMAO‐3A anchored onto the carbon nanotube surface. The copolymerization reaction allows for the destructuration of the native nanotube bundles. The relative quantity of EN copolymer can be tuned up as well as the norbornene content in the formed copolymers and accordingly their glass transition temperature. By melt blending with an ethylene‐vinyl‐co‐acetate copolymer (27 wt.‐% vinyl acetate comonomer) matrix, high performance polyolefinic nanocomposites are obtained.
Ethylene Polymerization with Combinations of Early‐ and Late‐Transition Metal Catalysts Immobilized on MgCl2 Supports
Authors: Chadwick John C. , Huang Rubin , Kukalyekar Nileshkumar , Rastogi Sanjay 
Published: January 2008

AbstractImmobilization of combinations of early‐ and late‐transition metal catalysts on MgCl2 supports has led to significant increases in catalyst activity when a nickel diimine is incorporated into a Fe‐, Cr‐ or Ti‐based catalyst system, and to the formation of intimately mixed, bimodal blends of high‐ and low‐molecular weight polyethylene via coimmobilization of Cr and Fe catalysts.
Ethylene Polymerization over Supported Titanium‐Magnesium Catalysts: Heterogeneity of Active Centers and Effect of Catalyst Composition on the Molecular Mass Distribution of Polymer
Authors: Zakharov Vladimir , Matsko Mikhail , Echevskaya Ludmila , Mikenas Tatiana 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNew experimental approach was used for analysis of molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polymers produced over titanium‐magnesium catalysts (TMC). Polymers were fractionated on to fractions with narrow MWD (polydispersity (PD) values Mw/Mn ≤ 2). Then some of these fractions were combined to get the minimal quantity of fractions with PD values close to 2 (Flory components). It was found that three fractions corresponding to three groups of active centers are sufficient for proper fitting experimental MWD curve for PE obtained over TMC with different Ti content and with different hydrogen concentration in polymerization.
Neurological presentation of Wilson's disease in a patient after liver transplantation
Authors: Litwin Tomasz , Gromadzka Grazyna , Członkowska Anna 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe report of a 32‐year‐old man who showed dystonic symptoms within few days after liver transplantation (LT). The clinical, biochemical, and, finally, genetic evaluation confirmed Wilson's disease diagnosis in this patient. We suspect that extrapyramidal signs in this case could be a result of acute brain injury because of the massive copper release from liver to the circulation just before and during LT. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
The effectiveness of exercise interventions for people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Goodwin Victoria A. , Richards Suzanne H. , Taylor Rod S. , Taylor Adrian H. , Campbell John L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the physical, psychological, social, and functional status of individuals. Exercise programs may be an effective strategy to delay or reverse functional decline for people with PD and a large body of empirical evidence has emerged in recent years. The objective is to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on the effectiveness of exercise interventions on outcomes (physical, psychological or social functioning, or quality of life) for people with PD. RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria were identified by systematic searching of electronic databases. Key data were extracted by two independent researchers. A mixed methods approach was undertaken using narrative, vote counting, and random effects meta‐analysis methods. Fourteen RCTs were included and the methodological quality of most studies was moderate. Evidence supported exercise as being beneficial with regards to physical functioning, health‐related quality of life, strength, balance and gait speed for people with PD. There was insufficient evidence support or refute the value of exercise in reducing falls or depression. This review found evidence of the potential benefits of exercise for people with PD, although further good quality research is needed. Questions remain around the optimal content of exercise interventions (dosing, component exercises) at different stages of the disease. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Psychological distress and GI symptoms are related to severity of bloating in women with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Park Hyo Jung , Jarrett Monica , Cain Kevin , Heitkemper Margaret 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBloating is a frequent complaint of women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We compared retrospective and daily diary gastrointestinal and psychological distress symptoms in 183 women ages 18–48 in three IBS subgroups: Minimal‐Bloating, Mild‐Bloating, Moderate‐Severe‐Bloating. More women with moderate to severe levels of bloating reported a history of hard stools, straining to have a stool, a history of depressive disorders, and more severe daily symptoms of depression and anxiety as compared to women with minimal or mild bloating symptoms. Appraising the level of symptom severity and psychological distress is vital to the selection of appropriate treatment options. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:98–107, 2008
Focus groups as an intervention for low‐income African American smokers to promote participation in subsequent intervention studies
Authors: Webb Monica S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAfrican Americans are often underrepresented in smoking cessation research. Focus groups were examined as an intervention to increase readiness to quit smoking, the processes of change, and the odds of randomized clinical trial (RCT) participation of non‐treatment‐seeking, low‐income African American smokers. Ten focus groups were conducted. Smokers completed baseline and/or post‐group assessments of readiness to quit, the processes of change, and focus group quality. Significant increases were discerned in readiness to quit smoking and the processes of change. Seventy‐six percent of participants enrolled in a self‐help RCT, which was associated with readiness to quit smoking and plans to set a quit date. One‐session focus groups among low‐income African American smokers appear to facilitate cognitive changes and participation in RCTs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:141–151, 2008
Advances in inherent safety guidance
Authors: Moore David A. , Hazzan Mike , Rose Marty , Heller David , Hendershot Dennis C. , Dowell Arthur M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe classic reference from CCPS “Inherently Safer Chemical Processes, A Life Cycle Approach”, 1st edition, 1996, was updated in 2006–2007. The goal of this book is to influence the future state of chemical process evolution by illustrating and emphasizing the merits of integrating process research, development, and design into a comprehensive process that balances safety, capital, and environmental concerns throughout the life cycle of the process. The authors hope that this book will influence the next generation of engineers and chemists as well as current practitioners and managers in the field of chemical processing.Lessons learned since the first edition of the CCPS® inherent safety concept book in 1996, combined with the fact that inherently safer design (ISD) is becoming more widely accepted prompted CCPS® to update the book. Also, since 1996, several jurisdictions have mandated consideration of ISD for certain facilities, and such requirements have been proposed at the Federal level in the United States. In particular, there is a need for more guidance, especially in practical, step‐wise approaches to conduct inherently safer studies. This new edition builds on the first edition with the same philosophy but clarifies the concept with recent research and thoughts of practitioners, added examples, added more industry methods, security issues, and a discussion on regulatory issues. A key feature of the new book is the clarification of the meaning of ISD by setting the 1st and 2nd orders of ISD. This is distinguished from layers of protection and other traditional process safety concepts.Numerous added examples and checklists make this a very practical guide and a good edition to the library of anyone involved in process risk management. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2008
Effect of application timing and method on efficacy and phytotoxicity of 1,3‐D, chloropicrin and metam‐sodium combinations in squash plasticulture
Authors: Desaeger Johan A , Seebold Kenneth W , Csinos Alex S 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Metam‐sodium, 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) and chloropicrin are widely used soil fumigants. Combined application of metam‐sodium and 1,3‐D + chloropicrin is intended to improve efficacy and broaden spectrum of control, but little is known about the effect on crop safety. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of application timing of fumigant combinations on soilborne pest and disease control (nematodes, soil fungi and weeds) and growth of squash. Two separate tests with chisel‐injected and drip‐applied fumigant combinations and plant‐back times ranging from 1 to 4 weeks were conducted in Tifton, GA, USA, in spring and fall 2002.RESULTS: Fumigant combinations using 1,3‐D, chloropicrin and metam‐sodium were as effective as methyl bromide in controlling Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, Pythium irregulare Buis., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Cyperus esculentus L. Chisel‐applied combinations were more effective in terms of root‐knot nematode control than drip‐applied combinations. Root‐knot nematode reduced squash yields by up to 60%. Phytotoxicity problems and lower yields were observed during spring, especially following 1,3‐D + chloropicrin and when plant‐back periods were shorter.CONCLUSION: The main problem with fumigant alternatives to methyl bromide may not be reduced efficacy but, in particular for 1,3‐D products, loss of flexibility in terms of longer plant‐back periods. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of the extensional viscosity of very low concentrations of high molecular mass water‐soluble polymers on atomisation and droplet impact
Authors: Williams Peter A , English Robert J , Blanchard Rowan L , Rose Simon A , Lyons Lynn , Whitehead Mark 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Water‐soluble polymers are increasingly added to herbicide and pesticide formulations at very low concentrations (100–1000 mg L−1) in order to control the spray characteristics, notably to reduce spray drift and influence droplet bounce. The incorporation of polymeric adjuvants improves the efficacy of the spray solutions, thus enabling crop growers to maximise the performance of agrochemical sprays at lower dose rates of active ingredient. It is important to establish a fundamental understanding of how polymers influence the processes involved in droplet deposition.RESULTS: The shear and extensional viscosities of a series of high molecular mass (Mw) poly(acrylamides) (Mw ∼ 106–107) have been determined at very low concentrations (100–1000 mg L−1). The polymer solutions demonstrated typical shear thinning characteristics under shear, and strain hardening behaviour under extension above a critical strain rate. The presence of the polymers was shown to increase the size of droplets produced in atomisation using an agricultural spray nozzle, as measured by laser diffraction. This was attributed to the increase in the extensional viscosity at the strain rates generated under pressure in the spray nozzle and was a function of both polymer concentration and Mw. In addition, the presence of polymer was found to have a significant influence on droplet bounce.CONCLUSIONS: The presence of very low concentrations of high molecular mass poly(acrylamides) significantly influences the size of droplets formed on atomisation and subsequent bounce characteristics. Large extensional viscosities generated above a critical strain rate are responsible for both processes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Editorial: phys. stat. sol. (b) 245/1
Authors: Stutzmann Martin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHow do you find the scientific information and the manuscript reference you need? The answer to this basic but very important question for every active scientist has changed significantly over the last 30 years. When I was a Ph.D. student or a young postdoc, I would venture regularly to a strange and quiet place called a “library”, where all important journals in my field could be easily identified already from the amount of the shelve space they filled. To find a specific reference and to preserve it for future use was limited by the physical exercise to carry a stack of heavy volumes to the copy machine and to press a “copy” button for each page I really wanted to keep. On the way, sometimes I actually found another interesting paper just by browsing through the latest issue of Journal X, and I copied this one, too. And in most cases, I even read what I copied.Today, things are much better! All relevant information is available online in electronic form, so I do not have to leave my office anymore to find out what's new. The impact factors of journals and the h‐factors of authors help me to distinguish good from bad, or at least that is the hope. Whenever I search for a specific topic, anyhow I will get more hits than I can digest in a realistic time. Fortunately, printers by now are so fast and powerful that I can transfer the rest to a printout which I will, most likely, never use again in the foreseeable future.But seriously, although the way to make use of and to deal with scientific information has changed drastically in the last couple of decades, the basic needs of active scientists for reliable, up‐to‐date, and easily accessible information exchange with their international colleagues worldwide has basically remained the same. We at physica status solidi, therefore, for more than 45 years have been and are dedicated to provide exactly that service to our authors and readers, whether they make use of the pss hardcopies in the library or whether they browse the online files of physica status solidi. Last year, more than 2500 articles have been published after strict peer review and careful editing, which makes physica status solidi (nomen est omen) the second largest journal series in solid state physics. The journal has more than doubled in volume since the year 2000, but the Impact Factor also has increased by a factor of two since 1995, showing that we did not trade in quantity for quality. And, last but not least, the visibility of the journal series as measured by the number of full text downloads has increased by a similar factor of two in the last 24 months alone.In October 2007, more than 40000 full text downloads of physica status solidi articles have been registered by the Wiley Interscience data base. Unfortunately, we have no idea how many of these articles have actually been read …In the name of the entire pss‐team, I thank all of you for your continued support of and interest in physica status solidi and wish you a successful year 2008!
Quantum electron transport modeling in uniaxially strained silicon channel of double‐gate MOSFETs
Authors: Fitriawan Helmy , Ogawa Matsuto , Souma Satofumi , Miyoshi Tanroku 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper reports the calculation of quantum electron transport in double‐gate metal oxide semiconductor field effects transistors (MOSFETs) with uniaxially strained silicon channel. The calculation is formulated based on multiband non‐equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method coupled self‐consistently with the Poisson equation. The empirical sp3s * tight binding approximation (TBA) model with nearest neighbor coupling is employed to obtain more realistic band structure in the formulation. We compare the carrier transport characteristics of simulated MOSFETs with strained channel to those of without strain. The simulation results show that the presence of uniaxially strain induce the current enhancement in the devices. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical modelling for carbon nanotubes
Authors: Nakamura H. , Katayama Y. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBased on the NEGF and tight‐binding approaches, the bias‐induced energy of the metallic CNT is accounted for by the capacitance or inductance in the proposed equivalent circuit model, from which we get an excellent agreement with the semi‐classical treatments. The kinetic energy of the electrons in the subband for a FETCNT is modelled as an additional quantum capacitance, which suggests a modified circuit model. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Charge transport in oligophenylenvinylene molecules
Authors: Schuster S. , Scarpa G. , Latessa L. , Lugli P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe have performed a theoretical analysis of current transport in oligophenylenvinylene (OPV) molecules based on the density functional tight‐binding (DFTB) method, extended to the non‐equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) for the self‐ consistent computation of charge density and electronic transport. The results illustrate the importance of molecular features such as thiols bridges and functionalization groups in determining the transport characteristics of single molecules. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hot electron effects in ultra‐short gate length InAs/InAlAs HEMTs
Authors: Ayubi‐Moak J. S. , Akis R. , Saraniti M. , Ferry D. K. , Goodnick S. M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHigh field transport in short channel (sub‐100 nm gate length), InAs/InAlAs pseudomorphic high‐electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs) has been studied using a full‐band Cellular Monte Carlo (CMC) simulator. Reasonable agreement is obtained between simulated devices and recent experimental results in terms of the current, voltage and cutoff frequency. Both 70 nm and 35 nm gate length devices have been simulated in this work. Sustained high carrier energies near the drain electrode are observed and attributed to the long scatter‐ ing times from both X and L valleys back to the Γ valley in InAs. Strong overshoot effects are also apparent in the velocity, although the corresponding increase in cutoff frequency is not as pronounced as expected from simple scaling of the gate length. The relation of this velocity behaviour to the experimental and simulated frequency response is discussed, as well as the limits of performance in this technology as gate lengths are scaled further. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)