bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Sex Differences in Economic Activity and Mental Health in Scandinavia
Authors: Haavio-Mannila Elina 
Published: June 2008

In this preliminary study, sex differences in first admissions to mental hospitals in Finland, Norway, and Sweden are examined against the background of changes in the economic activity of men and women in 1939-1976 Hypotheses denved from earlier studies about the beneficial effect of meaningful economic activity on the mental health of women get some support from macro-level inter-country and historical comparisons. Also, women's growing awareness of their problems, expressed through the feminist movement, has helped them to solve their mental difficulties outside hospitals. Men seem to be more vulnerable than women to crisis situations like war and rapid structural change in society. During such crisis periods the sex ratio in mental hospital first admissions declines to the disadvantage of men. Before definite conclusions of the direct relationships between social changes and the mental health of the sexes can be made, studies at an individual level are needed. Ecological correlations between female/male ratios in mental hospital residency and the economic development of an area are positive. This is mainly due to the low hospital residency rates of men in the developed areas, where both sexes share the economic provider roles. Paid work among women seemingly does not threaten the mental health of men.
Review Article : From Oddball Research to the Study of Real Life: The Use of Qualitative Methods in Social Science
Authors: Roos J.P. 
Published: June 2008

This review essay* has two aims: to present recent literature in which qualitative 'soft' research methods are either discussed or used, and, secondly, to try to make general conclusions about the use of these methods and their relevance for social research and theorizing. Two of the books are essentially methodological guides in which the techniques are discussed and exemplified. Four are examples of such qualitative techniques and their uses, going from a rather simple biogra phic analysis to an ambitious social scientific analytic scheme in which the qualitative method has been used, in principle, as a comparable method.
Renal Ca2+ + Mg2+ ATPase in Congestive Heart Failure Due to Diabetes
Authors: Sahai Animesh , Weiser Steven J. , Ganguly Pallab K. , Ganguly Pallab K. 
Published: June 2008

The authors have previously shown that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mediates its cellular effects in part by changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in kidney cortex and that Ca2+ + Mg2+ ATPase is linked to ANP receptors, being reciprocally modulated by the guanylate cyclase system. The present study was designed to examine the status of this coupling in diabetes-induced congestive heart failure and the effect of its alterations on the functional integrity of the renal cell. Ca2+ + Mg2+ ATPase and guanylate cyclase were tested in hypertensive-diabetic rats (D+H), which develop congestive heart failure (CHF) at ten weeks following streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) injection and abdominal aortic constriction. The ATPase activity was measured by the release of 32P from [γ-32P]ATP in the medium. While the guanylate cyclase activity was decreased very rapidly in the hypertensive-diabetic group, the sensitivity of the Ca2+ pump to ANP was increased at an early stage (three weeks) and decreased at a late stage (ten weeks) of CHF. The authors conclude that a defect in coupling between the Ca2+ pump and the ANP-receptor system as observed in the D + H group may contribute to the development of nephropathy and CHF.
Surface Electrocardiogram in the Detection of Myocardial Ischemia During Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Katsaris Georgios A. , Tsaritsaniotis Evagelos I. , Tsounos Ioannis P. , Panisois Kostas D. , Katsaris Ioannis A. , Kaprinis Ioannis K. , Roussis Stefanos X. 
Published: June 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine how frequently myocardial ischemia was manifested on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and to select the most sensitive leads for the duration of ischemic ST changes. The study population consisted of 126 patients (pts), 116 men and 10 women, who underwent PTCA for one-vessel coronary artery disease. A 12-lead ECG was recorded in all patients before inflations and at ten-second intervals during each inflation. ST segment deviation, R wave amplitude, and rhythm disturbances were analyzed on all ECG tracings. Ischemic ST changes occurred in 114 pts (90%), 80 with left anterior descending (LAD) artery occlusion, 22 with right coronary artery (RCA) occlusion, and 12 with left circumflex (LCX) artery occlusion (p < 0.01 LAD vs LCX, p < 0.01 RCA vs LCX). Angina pectoris occurred in 74 pts (59%) and coincided with ST changes in 68 of these pts (92%). No significant changes of R wave amplitude were found during balloon inflations. The most sensitive ECG leads for detection of ST elevation were V2 or V3, V4 and V 1 for the LAD, leads aVF and II for RCA, and leads III, aVF, or II, and V6 for LCX. The best leads for detection of ST depression were III, aVF and II for LAD, V2 or V3 and aVL for RCA, and V2 or V3, V1, and V4 for LCX. In conclusion, surface ECG represents a simple and very sensitive method for myocardial ischemia monitoring during PTCA. However, in laboratories in which a 12-lead ECG may not be available, a system of three appropriately selected leads for each coronary artery can be used to provide adequate accuracy.
Takayasu's Arteritis: Low Corticosteroid Dosage and Pregnancy—A Case Report
Authors: Del Corso Laura , De Marco Salvatore , Vannini Alessandro , Pentimone Ferdinando 
Published: June 2008

The authors describe a case of Takayasu's arteritis in a twenty-five-year-old Italian woman, characterized by • nonspecific symptoms (weakness, arthralgias, fever) and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate • early onset of these symptoms at the age of about twenty-three years • early diagnosis, only eighteen months after the onset of symptomatology • absence of progression of the disease under corticosteroid therapy with a follow-up of three years • uneventful pregnancy ending in cesarean section and birth of a baby without maternal and neonatal complications.
Isolated Coronary Ostial Stenosis in Takayasu's Arteritis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Noma Mitsuru , Sugihara Masayoshi , Kikuchi Yutaka 
Published: June 2008

This report describes a rare clinical course of a young Japanese woman with Takayasu's arteritis and a review of the literature. Her first symptom was angina pectoris due to isolated left coronary ostial stenosis, which was relieved by aortocoronary bypass grafting surgery using a saphenous vein graft. At that time, the C-reactive protein was negative and the histopathologic findings of the specimens of the aorta could not confirm aortitis. Although she was free from any cardiovascular symptoms for about fifteen years,. syncopal attacks occurred owing to severe stenosis of the major branches of the aortic arch revealed by intravenous digital subtraction arteriograms. Thus, Takayasu's arteritis could be a cause of coronary ostial stenosis in young women even if the inflammatory findings are negative and the major branches of the aortic arch are not involved at operation. In addition, revascularization using internal thoracic arteries might possess a potential risk of coronary insufficiency due to a later involvement of these proximal arteries.
Interaction of Health-care Professionals with Critically III Children and Their Parents
Authors: Marten George W. , Mauer Alvin M. 
Published: June 2008

The stresses imposed on the emotional equilibrium of a team of health-care professionals by the serious illness of a child can disrupt communication among the team, the child, and the parents. Such stresses may be so severe as to interfere with the ability of the adults to meet the child's needs. Although the feelings and attitudes of critically ill children and their parents are well described in the medical literature, very little has been written about the psychosocial interaction among those responsible for the patient's care. Patterns of interaction which would be most beneficial to the child are still in doubt. The purpose of this article is to review available information, as well as experience at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, on the psychosocial interaction of the health-care team with crit ically ill children and their parents. An awareness of the difficulties of caring for such patients is essential in overcoming communication barriers, in reducing any interprofessional tensions that might arise during treatment, and in ensuring high-quality medical care.
Diagnosis of Adolescent Pregnancy—1965 vs 1980
Authors: Silber Tomas Jose , Saadat Manoochehr 
Published: June 2008

This study compares changes in the accuracy of the diagnosis of pregnancy in adolescents between 1965 and 1980. We compared 44 records of adolescents evaluated in 1965 to those of 44 who were evaluated 15 years later in 1980. The following data were examined: (1) reason for consultation, (2) amount of time prior to making the correct diagnosis, and (3) the most common diagnostic errors. The results showed that (1) the initial diagnosis was correct only 75 per cent of the time in 1965 and 86 per cent in 1980, (2) both in 1965 and 1980 most patients initially consulted for "vague complaints," (3) in 1965 and 1980 the most common diagnostic errors were "gastrointestinal disorder" and "functional symptoms," and (4) pregnancy was diagnosed earlier in 1980 than in 1965. Improvement in diagnostic accuracy should be possible if clinicians screen for pregnancy in adolescent girls consulting for vague symptoms such as nausea, weight gain, urticaria, and som nolence.
Behavior and Feeling Changes in Siblings of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Craft Martha J. , Wyatt Nancy , Sandell Bonnie 
Published: June 2008

The effects of hospitalization on ill children and their parents have been studied repeatedly, but effects on well siblings have received little attention. This investigation was designed to investigate sibling reactions when a brother or sister is hospitalized. The changes in feelings and behavior as reported by 123 siblings of hospitalized children and their parents from a large teaching hospital were studied. Young siblings were interviewed, while older siblings and parents were given a questionnaire. Siblings reported an average of four changes each. The number of changes reported by siblings was related significantly to several factors, such as sibling age, relationship of sibling with hospitalized child, explanation, fear of getting the illness, residence of sibling during hospitalization of the sick child, and perceived changes in parenting. Even though siblings reported 519 changes, their patents reported only one-half that number. Parents of hospitalized children may not know how their well children are reacting. For this reason, health professionals need to interview siblings as well as parents to assess sibling welfare accurately. In addition, health professionals can help siblings by insuring that an adequate explanation is given to siblings and by encouraging parents to maintain siblings at home, either with a sitter or family members.
Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy and Its Application in Infantile Atelectasis
Authors: Nussbaum Eliezer 
Published: June 2008

Forty-six pediatric flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopies were done on 29 infants under 1 year of age, including a 2.3-kg 1-week-old infant girl, and 17 small children between 1 and 2 years of age with persistent unilobar or multilobar atelectasis and declining PaO2 or rising PaCO2. Atelectasis resolved in all 29 infants (100%) and 10 of 17 (59%) small children after direct visualization, bronchial washing, and removal of mucous plugs and/or secretions using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (FFB). The procedure was not associated with any mortality or significant morbidity. Only one infant experienced minor epistaxis and another had transient minimal stridor. None of the 17 small children developed complications. The procedure resulted in resolution of respiratory distress and cough within 24 hours, as well as early hospital discharge in all patients regardless of complete or partial radiographic expansion. Arterial blood gases were improved or normalized in 16 patients. When utilized for selective aspiration of mucous plugs or bronchial secretions, pediatric flexible bronchoscopy is particularly helpful in children with segmental or lobar atelectasis.
Impact of the Diagnosis of AIDS on Hospital Care of an Infant
Authors: Krener Penelope G. 
Published: June 2008

Detailed analysis of caretaker response to the first infant newly diagnosed with AIDS at a university hospital was done by review of nursing notes for three periods: before diagnosis of AIDS, after diagnosis, and after psychiatric consultation. Five consultation questions were posed, and the findings on investigation of these questions are discussed. It was found that the percentage of time that PRN medication was given dropped after diagnosis of AIDS but rose above the initial level after the consultation. The number of times per shift the nurse touched the baby (TLCs) was not found to be associated with use of PRN medication; rather it was explained by which nurse was caring for the child. This study focuses on variations in nursing care of one infant to illustrate how variation in caretaker response can amplify the range of perturbations of the infant's behavioral response. It is speculated that caretakers of patients with AIDS may normally have feelings considered unacceptable in medical settings, including fear, blaming the patient, or a wish to avoid the patient. Such feelings are more difficult to tolerate in the care of children or infants and are superimposed upon the familiar stains associated with the care of chronically ill or dying pediatric patients.
Nonsurgical (Conservative) Treatment of Giant Omphalocele
Authors: Festen C. , Severijnen R.S.V.M. , Staak F. H. J. v. d. 
Published: June 2008

Between January 1970 and December 1984, 65 patients with a congenital anterior abdominal wall defect were admitted to the Pediatric Surgical Center of the St. Radboud Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. There were 39 cases of omphalocele. Ten had giant omphalocele, defined as omphalocele that could not be closed primarily. In these cases, a conservative method of treatment was used. The results are reported of these 10 cases of giant omphalocele with special emphasis on mortality, complications, and length of hospital stay. Mean hospital stay was 95 days. Local infection did not present serious problems. Sepsis occurred in half the patients but was managed with antibiotics. There was one case of late volvulus of the stomach. All local applications, if used regularly, gave rise to complications. Two cases of hypothyroidism caused by the application of povidon-iodine and one case of alcohol intoxication were observed. In early years, one child was lost due to mercury poisoning. There was one early and one late death unrelated to the procedure.
Seizures in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the 1980s
Authors: Calciolari Guido , Perlman Jeffrey M. , Volpe Joseph J. 
Published: June 2008

A retrospective review was taken of 150 newborns with seizures evaluated at the same medical center and by the same investigator(s) from 1982 to 1987. The aims of the study were to determine in this current population the distribution of clinical seizure types, the distribution of causative etiologies, and the relation of etiology to the timing of onset of the seizures. Seizures were classified as subtle, multifocal clonic, generalized tonic, focal clonic, and myoclonic. Subtle (65% of total) and multifocal clonic seizures (54% of total) were the most common seizure types. Subtle seizures usually occurred in combination with other seizure types. Only one seizure type was related to gestational age, i.e., focal clonic seizures in the term infant. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (65% of total) was by far the most common etiology in both preterm and term infants. Seizures with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurred characteristically early in the neonatal period, i.e., 90 percent in the first 2 days of life. Moreover, 80 percent of all seizures in the first 2 days of life were related to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Down Syndrome
Authors: Van Dyke Don C. , Gahagan Cheryl A. 
Published: June 2008

A review of the radiographs of 34 individuals with Down syndrome (DS), between 5 and 21 years of age, demonstrated subluxation of atlantoaxial instability (C1-C2) greater than 5 mm in three of the 34 individuals (9 percent). This is in general agreement with previously reported ranges of 10 to 20 percent. A review of the cervical spine radiographs of adults with DS, between 26 and 42 years of age, showed no subluxation but significant degenerative changes of the cervical spine with spur formation, narrowing of foramina, narrowing of the disc inner space, and osteophyte formation. In both the DS child and the DS adult, the cervical spine may be an area of significant potential problems. In all cases any complaints of cervical pain or historical/clinical findings suggestive of neurologic involvement should initiate evaluation of the cervical spine. Baseline radiographic studies of the cervical spine are indicated in all DS children older than 5 years of age and should be considered in all DS adults, particularly those 30 years of age and older.
Home Nebulizers in Childhood Asthma
Authors: Ryan C. Anthony , Willan Andrew R. , Wherrett Brian A. 
Published: June 2008

Seventy five percent of 91 parents of asthmatic children (aged 6 months to 15.4 years) with home nebulizers, responded to a questionnaire that sought to document parental experience with this form of therapy. The most common indications for acquiring a nebulizer were inability to use metered dose inhalers and poor response or intolerance to oral medications. When the children were classified into those who used the nebulizer daily (27/69) and those who used it less than daily (42/69), we found that the daily users were more likely to be in the severest category of asthma, by parental assessment, prior to the home nebulization program (p = 0.0035). Retrospective, uncontrolled comparison before and after the acquisition of a home nebulizer showed significant decreases both in hospital admissions (1.7 vs 0.7; p < 0.001) and total in-patient days (4.1 vs 1.7; p < 0.0001). Home nebulizers are well tolerated by parents and children alike and may be associated with decreased morbidity.
Diaper Dermatitis
Authors: Bosch-Banyeras Josep Ma , Català Margarida , Mas Pilar , Simón Josep LI , Puig Artur 
Published: June 2008

The role of vitamin A in preventing diaper dermatitis was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, prospective study in which 114 newborns were enrolled over an 11-month period. Patients in Group A (58 infants) were treated with a cream that contained 1,000 IU/g of vitamin A, whereas patients in Group B (56 infants) were treated with a cream that had the same composition, but it did not contain vitamin A. Each participant returned once every 15 days for six follow-up visits. The incidence and severity of diaper rash was not prevented by a vitamin A-containing cream.
Trisomy 22 Mosaicism with Normal Blood Chromosomes
Authors: Lessick Mira L. , Szego Katarina , Wong Paul W. K. 
Published: June 2008

A female infant with growth failure, microcephaly, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, preauricular pit, congenital heart defect, hypotonia, and delayed development is reported. Trisomy 22 mosaicism (46,XX/47,XX,+22) was found in cultured skin fibroblasts but not in blood lymphocytes. Trisomy restricted to skin fibroblasts is uncommon. Cytogenetic evaluation of a second tissue (preferably skin) is suggested in patients with physical and mental abnormalities who have normal blood chromosome studies.
Chronic, Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Authors: Van Howe Robert S. , Starshak Robert J. , Chusid Michael J. 
Published: June 2008

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an unusual inflammatory process involving multiple osseous sites, often recurrently. The authors recently diagnosed CRMO in an 8-year-old girl who had complained of toe pain for several weeks. A number of other involved, asymptomatic areas were discovered by bone scan. Biopsy of the lesions did not reveal any pathogens. Antibiotics and inflammatory agents were not used, and the patient recovered. A review of previously reported cases of CRMO showed 1) that this entity affects children almost exclusively, 2) that from two to 18 sites, usually in the extremities, can be affected at one time, and 3) that about 20 percent of the patients develop a pustular rash on their palms and soles. Other than an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, there are no consistent laboratory abnormalities, and cultures of affected bone are negative. Histopathology typically shows a chronic inflammatory response, sometimes with granulomas. Antiinflammatory agents and antibiotics offer little consistent beneficial effect. The disease is self-limited, and patients usually recover fully, although exacerbations may occur. In the proper clinical setting, CRMO should be considered, since recognition of this entity avoids costly and potentially harmful diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Insurability of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Bailey Mary Ann , Rosenthal Philip 
Published: June 2008

To assess the insurability of children with gastrointestinal disorders, the authors surveyed by questionnaire 106 health-insurance companies concerning their handling of an application for health insurance for a child with a diagnosed gastrointestinal disorder. They received 24 responses (23%) of which only ten companies (42% of the respondents, 9% of the companies surveyed) completed the questionnaire. Insurance companies generally were not receptive to their inquiries. The consensus of the responses was that ultimate insurability is dependent upon review of the medical record. For individual gastrointestinal diseases, responses were variable and often not easily categorized. Many companies encourage applicants previously denied coverage to reapply at a later date. Most pediatric gastrointestinal disorders are not insurable or insurable only at increased rates. Since insurability is dependent upon review of the medical record, the medical record must reflect the diagnosis and prognosis accurately. Education of the insurance industry regarding pediatric gastrointestinal disorders is encouraged.
Valproic Acid Prenatal Exposure
Authors: Carter Brian S. , Stewart Janet M. 
Published: June 2008

Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant that has been associated with open neural tube defects. We report a family in which the maternal use of valproic acid, and other anticonvulsants, during pregnancy resulted in different malformations in two siblings, one of which had a lipomyelomeningocele. The association of valproic acid and closed neural tube defects has not previously been reported. A brief review of the teratogenic effects of valproic acid is included as well as the implications for early surgical management of lipomyelorneningocele.