bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by a combined treatment with 13‐cis‐retinoic acid, interferon‐α2a, and α‐tocopherol in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Zhuo (Georgia) , Khuri Fadlo R. , Shin Dong M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground.We have previously conducted phase II trials with a combination of 13‐cis‐retinoic acid (13‐cRA), interferon‐α2a (IFN‐α2a), and α‐tocopherol (α‐TF) in patients with advanced oral premalignant lesions and locally advanced head and neck cancer in the adjuvant settings and achieved promising outcomes. The present study was conducted in vitro to elucidate the mechanisms of anti‐tumor activity of this 3‐drug combination in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).Methods.Five SCCHN cell lines were treated with 13‐cRA, IFN‐α2a, and α‐TF as single agents or 2‐ to 3‐drug combinations for 72 hours. Inhibition of cell growth and cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis by the treatments were evaluated.Results.Our results demonstrated that although each single‐agent and 2‐drug combination showed a certain level of cell growth inhibition, the 3‐drug combination apparently further inhibited cell growth in comparison to any single agents and 2‐drug combinations in the 5 SCCHN cell lines. Cell cycle analysis on Tu212 and 886LN cells by flow cytometry exhibited significant accumulation of the cells at S phase in the 3‐drug combination. On the other hand, Annexin‐V binding assay demonstrated that the 3‐drug combination induced more profound apoptosis than any of the single agents or 2‐drug combinations. In parallel, proteolytic cleavages of pro‐caspase‐8, ‐9, ‐3 and poly (ADP ribose) polymerase as well as caspase‐3 activity induced by the 3‐drug treatment were observed.Conclusions.Our data suggests that 3‐drug combination biochemopreventive regimen has cooperative inhibitory effect on the growth of SCCHN cells. Both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis contribute to cell growth inhibition of this 3‐drug combination therapy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007.
Prognostic value of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Speleman Luciënne , Kerrebijn Jeroen D. F. , Look Maxime P. , Meeuwis Cees A. , Foekens John A. , Berns Els M. J. J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground.Tumor cell biological factors, such as urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), cathepsin D, and c‐myc play a role in tumor invasion, metastasis, and proliferation. In this study, the prognostic importance of these factors in patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was evaluated and correlated with clinicopathologic variables.Methods.In 46 paired primary tumors and normal tissues, levels of uPA, PAI‐1, cathepsin D, and c‐myc amplification were determined. The clinical follow‐up was over 10 years. Relationships between cell biological factors and patient and tumor characteristics were studied by the Mann–Whitney test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis.Results.In this study, only a high level of PAI‐1 was associated with a significantly shorter disease‐free survival (p < .01). PAI‐1 levels were higher in tumors with perineural invasion (p < .01). Both PAI‐1 and uPA levels were higher in patients who smoked (p < .01 and p = .02). In univariate analysis, smoking (p= .04), excessive alcohol intake (p = .02), perineural invasion (p = .001), and vaso‐invasion (p = .009) were associated with a shorter disease‐free survival. The only factor related to overall survival was perineural invasion (p = .045). The combination of a high PAI‐1 level and perineural invasion appeared to be a significant predictor of a shorter disease‐free interval (p = .01).Conclusion.PAI‐1 may present a novel prognostic factor for patients with HNSCC. Perineural invasion and PAI‐1 level combined seemed to be prognostic for disease‐free survival. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007.
Treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with external beam radiation combined with interstitial brachytherapy
Authors: Chen Jergin , Pappas Lisa , Moeller John H. , Rankin Jim , Sharma Pramod K. , Bentz Brandon G. , Christine Fang L. , Hayes John K. , Shrieve Dennis C. , Hitchcock Ying J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground.We reviewed the outcomes of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with external beam radiation and interstitial brachytherapy.Methods.Ninety patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx were treated with interstitial brachytherapy at the University of Utah between 1984 and 2001. Seventy‐two patients received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by brachytherapy boost, 11 had surgery followed by EBRT and brachytherapy, 4 had surgery and brachytherapy, and 3 were treated with brachytherapy alone. Median doses for EBRT and brachytherapy were 50 and 24 Gy, respectively.Results.Median follow‐up after brachytherapy was 48.3 months for all patients. Five‐year local control, disease‐free survival, and overall survival were 76%, 61%, and 55%. For T1, T2, T3, and T4, 5‐year local control rates were 83%, 79%, 79%, and 64%, respectively. Severe complications occurred in 13 patients, including 2 treatment‐related deaths.Conclusions.EBRT combined with interstitial brachytherapy provide good local control rates for locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the head and neck: Management of 10 cases and literature review
Authors: Minovi Amir , Basten Oliver , Hunter Ben , Draf Wolfgang , Bockmühl Ulrike 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground.This study analyzes the management and outcomes of a series of 10 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) of the head and neck.Methods.From 1984 to 2004, 10 patients underwent surgical treatment of a MPNST. We retrospectively reviewed presenting symptoms, radiological findings, surgical management, and follow‐up status and performed a literature review.Results.Eight tumors were located at the lateral skull base; 2 involved the vagus nerve in isolation. Two lesions were growing within the sinonasal tract. The most common presenting symptom was a rapidly enlarging cervical mass. Seventy percent of the tumors could be resected completely. Long‐term follow‐up showed a 2‐year disease‐specific survival rate of 50% and 5‐year survival rate of 20%. Negative prognostic indicators were advanced tumor stage, early recurrence, and presumably also the presence of von Recklinghausen's disease. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy was found to make no difference in outcome.Conclusions.Although rare, MPNST is one of the most aggressive tumors in the head and neck area. Complete tumor removal is the mainstay of treatment and most important prognostic factor of MPNST. Adjuvant radiotherapy should be used to assist surgical excision in local control. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007.
Capabilities, processes, and performance of knowledge management: A structural approach
Authors: Lee Young‐Chan , Lee Sun‐Kyu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine structural relationships among the capabilities, processes, and performance of knowledge management, and suggest strategic directions for the successful implementation of knowledge management. To serve this purpose, the authors conducted an extensive survey of 68 knowledge management‐adopting Korean firms in diverse industries and collected 215 questionnaires. Analyzing hypothesized structural relationships with the data collected, they found that there exists statistically significant relationships among knowledge management capabilities, processes, and performance. The empirical results of this study also support the well‐known strategic hypothesis of the balanced scorecard (BSC). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 17: 21–41, 2007.
Pushing strengths under restricted space
Authors: Lee Tzu‐Hsien 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis study investigates human maximum horizontal isometric pushing strength and rearward foot position while pushing at four different exertion heights (48 cm, 84 cm, 120 cm, and 156 cm) and two exertion spaces (unrestricted and restricted). The restricted space was reduced to an anterior–posterior direction. The results showed that participants' most efficient exertion height and rearward foot position occurred invariably at an exertion height of 84 cm when pushing in an unrestricted exertion space. Restricted space impaired the pushing strength, with a maximal difference of pushing strength between unrestricted and restricted spaces also occurring at the exertion height of 84 cm. The percentages of female to male pushing strength varied little across the four exertion heights. Participants seemed to be prone to utilize only approximately 71% to 82% of the exertion space available while pushing in a restricted space. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 17: 95–102, 2007.
Prediction of vortex penetration depth at thermal stratification by cavity flow in a branch pipe with closed end (effect of heat radiation condition on temperature fluctuations)
Authors: Shiina Kouji , Kawamura Tsutomu , Ohtsuka Masaya , Mizuno Tadashi , Hisatsune Masakazu , Ogura Kenji , Tanimoto Kouichi , Fukuda Toshihiko , Minami Yasuhiko , Moriya Shoichi , Madarame Haruki 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn a branch pipe with one closed end, the cavity flow penetrates into the branch pipe from the main loop and a thermal boundary layer occurs because the cavity flow is a hot fluid, but heat removal causes a colder fluid in the branch pipe. This thermal stratification may affect the structural integrity. Therefore, a pipe design standard to suppress thermal fatigue should be established. The pipe design standard consists of the maximum penetration depth Lsv and the minimum penetration depth Lsh. In order to establish an evaluation method for Lsh, a visualization test and a temperature fluctuation test were carried out. A theoretical formula for thermal stratification was introduced from the heat balance model. Then the model was used to obtain an empirical equation from the map of fluid temperature fluctuation. This method can predict the vortex penetration depth by cavity flow in horizontal branch pipes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(1):38–55, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20135
Preparation and thermal properties of microencapsulated phase change material for enhancing fluid flow heat transfer
Authors: Rao Yu , Lin Guiping , Luo Yan , Chen Shuilin , Wang Liang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMicroencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) is formed by packing PCM into a microcapsule with a solid but flexible shell. MEPCM can be used to enhance liquid cooling performance considerably. In this paper, experiments on the preparation of MEPCM with a double‐layered shell have been conducted. An in‐situ polymerization microencapsulation process was used to prepare the MEPCM with melamine resin as the shell material and n‐Docosane (C22H46) as the core material. Interesting parameters like the size of the prepared MEPCM, the core mass fraction in the MEPCM, and the thermal storage capability of the prepared MEPCM have been measured and analyzed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(1): 28–37, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20138
Characteristics of heat transfer and temperature rise of hydrogen during rapid hydrogen filling at high pressure
Authors: Monde Masanori , Mitsutake Yuichi , Woodfield Peter Lloyd , Maruyama Shinichi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn experiment has been done to measure the rise in temperature of a gas during filling a tank at high pressure. The experimental condition is that filling gases are nitrogen and hydrogen at a pressure of 5 to 35 MPa and at a filling mass of G=45 to 324 g/min for hydrogen. The temperatures are measured either horizontally or vertically at five positions in the tank. It is found that heat loss transferred from compressed gas to the tank wall has a significant effect on the rise in the filled gas temperature. The heat transfer coefficient is estimated after the end of filling and is about αh=270 W/(m2K) for the hydrogen at 35 MPa. A theoretical procedure is proposed to calculate the temperature increase of the gas on a basis of assumption that the gas temperature in the tank is uniform at any time, and the heat transfer coefficient is given. The calculation shows that the temperature is in reasonable agreement with the measured temperatures by assuming αh=500 W/(m2K) during the filling of hydrogen at 35 MPa, although the estimated heat loss after the end of filling becomes larger than the actual one. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(1): 13–27, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20140
Temperature in lowland Danish streams: contemporary patterns, empirical models and future scenarios
Authors: Pedersen Niels Lagergaard , Sand‐Jensen Kaj 
Published: December 2006

AbstractContinuous temperature measurements at 11 stream sites in small lowland streams of North Zealand, Denmark over a year showed much higher summer temperatures and lower winter temperatures along the course of the stream with artificial lakes than in the stream without lakes. The influence of lakes was even more prominent in the comparisons of colder lake inlets and warmer outlets and led to the decline of cold‐water and oxygen‐demanding brown trout. Seasonal and daily temperature variations were, as anticipated, dampened by forest cover, groundwater input, input from sewage plants and high downstream discharges. Seasonal variations in daily water temperature could be predicted with high accuracy at all sites by a linear air‐water regression model (r2: 0·903–0·947). The predictions improved in all instances (r2: 0·927–0·964) by a non‐linear logistic regression according to which water temperatures do not fall below freezing and they increase less steeply than air temperatures at high temperatures because of enhanced heat loss from the stream by evaporation and back radiation. The predictions improved slightly (r2: 0·933–0·969) by a multiple regression model which, in addition to air temperature as the main predictor, included solar radiation at un‐shaded sites, relative humidity, precipitation and discharge. Application of the non‐linear logistic model for a warming scenario of 4–5 °C higher air temperatures in Denmark in 2070‐2100 yielded predictions of temperatures rising 1·6–3·0 °C during winter and summer and 4·4–6·0 °C during spring in un‐shaded streams with low groundwater input. Groundwater‐fed springs are expected to follow the increase of mean air temperatures for the region. Great caution should be exercised in these temperature projections because global and regional climate scenarios remain open to discussion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water and carbon fluxes of European ecosystems: an evaluation of the ecohydrological model RHESSys
Authors: Zierl Bärbel , Bugmann Harald , Tague Christina L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis study investigated whether the regional hydro‐ecological simulation system RHESSys is a suitable tool for long‐term global change impact studies under selected climatic conditions of Europe, taking advantage of the strongly varying climate along elevational gradients in mountain regions. We performed a validation of RHESSys using daily, monthly and yearly data on (1) streamflow and snow cover in five Alpine catchments and (2) water and carbon fluxes at 15 EUROFLUX sites.The simulation results generally agreed well with observations. RHESSys reasonably reproduced daily and monthly streamflow, as well as the seasonal cycle and amplitude of typical Alpine discharge regimes. Furthermore, RHESSys was capable of capturing the key features of the carbon cycle of various forested ecosystems, including significant differences between managed and close‐to‐natural forests, and more subtle distinctions between coniferous and deciduous systems.Our analyses confirmed that RHESSys is a suitable tool for studying global change impacts on mountain hydrology. Regarding the simulation of the carbon cycle, this investigation detected some data and model limitations that are discussed in detail. Finally, suggestions for model improvements are made, mainly concerning the formulations of decomposition and respiration rates in biogeochemical models. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interrelations between maternal smoking during pregnancy, birth weight and sociodemographic factors in the prediction of early cognitive abilities
Authors: Huijbregts S. C. J. , Séguin J. R. , Zelazo P. D. , Parent S. , Japel C. , Tremblay R. E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMaternal prenatal smoking, birth weight and sociodemographic factors were investigated in relation to cognitive abilities of 1544 children (aged 3.5 years) participating in the Québec Longitudinal Study of Children's Development. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) was used to assess verbal ability, the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence‐Revised (WPPSI‐R) block design test to assess visuospatial ability, and the Visually Cued Recall (VCR) task to assess short‐term memory. Prenatal smoking was related to performance on the WPPSI‐R, the PPVT, and the VCR, although it did not independently predict any cognitive ability after maternal education was taken into account. Birth weight was a more robust predictor of all outcome measures and independently predicted VCR‐performance. Birth weight interacted significantly with family income and maternal education in predicting visuospatial ability, indicating a greater influence of birth weight under relatively poor socio‐economic conditions. Parenting and family functioning mediated associations between maternal education/family income and cognitive task performance under different birth weight conditions, although there were indications for stronger effects under relatively low birth weight. We conclude that investigations of moderating and mediating effects can provide insights into which children are most at risk of cognitive impairment and might benefit most from interventions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On growth curves and mixture models
Authors: Hoeksma Jan B. , Kelderman Henk 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe multilevel model of change and the latent growth model are flexible means to describe all sorts of population heterogeneity with respect to growth and development, including the presence of sub‐populations. The growth mixture model is a natural extension of these models. It comes at hand when information about sub‐populations is missing and researchers nevertheless want to retrieve developmental trajectories from sub‐populations. We argue that researchers have to make rather strong assumptions about the sub‐populations or latent trajectory classes in order to retrieve existing population differences. A simulated example is discussed, showing that a sample of repeated measures drawn from two sub‐populations easily leads to the mistaken inference of three sub‐populations, when assumptions are not met. The merits of methodological advises on this issue are discussed. It is concluded that growth mixture models should be used with understanding, and offer no free way to growth patterns in unknown sub‐populations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latent growth mixture models: an important new tool for developmental researchers
Authors: Stanger Catherine 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis manuscript by Connell and Frye (Infant Child Dev 2006; 15(6): 609–621) provides a clear example of the application of latent growth mixture models (LGMM) to the development of antisocial behaviour in adolescence. The LGMM approach is discussed in the context of this example, and factors influencing the results achieved with these methods are highlighted. Overall, developmental psychologists have much to gain from the use of these new approaches. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural killer cell‐mediated ablation of metastatic liver tumors by hydrodynamic injection of IFNα gene to mice
Authors: Takehara Tetsuo , Uemura Akio , Tatsumi Tomohide , Suzuki Takahiro , Kimura Ritsuko , Shiotani Ai , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Kanto Tatsuya , Hiramatsu Naoki , Hayashi Norio 
Published: December 2006

AbstractInterferon (IFN) α is a pleiotropic cytokine acting as an antiviral substance, cell growth inhibitor and immunomodulator. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of IFNα on hepatic metastasis of tumor cells, we hydrodynamically injected naked plasmid DNA encoding IFNα1 (pCMV‐IFNa1) into Balb/cA mice having 2 days hepatic metastasis of CT‐26 cells. Single injection of pCMV‐IFNa1 efficiently enhanced the natural killer (NK) activity of hepatic mononuclear cells, induced production of IFNγ in serum and led to complete rejection of tumors in the liver. Mice protected from hepatic metastasis by IFNα therapy displayed a tumor‐specific cytotoxic T cell response and were resistant to subcutaneous challenge of CT‐26 cells. NK cells were critically required for IFNα‐mediated rejection of hepatic metastasis, because their depletion by injecting anti‐asialo GM1 antibody completely abolished the antimetastatic effect. To find whether NK cells are directly activated by IFNα and are sufficient for the antimetastatic effect, the responses to IFNα were examined in SCID mice lacking T cells, B cells and NKT cells. IFNα completely rejected hepatic metastasis in SCID mice and efficiently activated SCID mononuclear cells, as evidenced by activation of STAT1 and a variety of genes, such as MHC class I, granzyme B, tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand and IFNγ, and also enhanced Yac1 lytic ability. Study of IFNγ knockout mice revealed that IFNγ was not necessary for IFNα‐mediated NK cell activation and metastasis protection. In conclusion, IFNα efficiently activates both innate and adaptive immune responses, but NK cells are critically required and sufficient for IFNα‐mediated initial rejection of hepatic metastasis of microdisseminated tumors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.