bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audit of availability and awareness of guidelines for the management of confusion in older patients on general wards
Authors: Evans Ceri G. , d'Souza Charles , Reynolds Paul , Linton Caroline , Nukalapati Lokesh , Swarnkar Anvita 
Published: March 2008

Aims and MethodConfusion in an older patient on a general hospital ward requires prompt and appropriate management. To this end, evidence-based guidelines have been produced and disseminated by Gwent Healthcare NHS Trust. An audit was carried out when it became apparent that junior doctors might not be aware of the guidelines and that their availability on the wards was limited. An action plan was generated and a second audit carried out. Our aim was to establish whether the doctors' knowledge of the guidelines and their availability on wards changed as a result of our action plan and audit.ResultsThe audit consisted of a survey of general wards at the Royal Gwent Hospital and at St Woolos Hospital to assess availability of the guidelines and a questionnaire administered to a sample of junior doctors. The guidelines were available on 17% of wards; 11% of junior doctors were aware of them. Results of the audit informed implementation of an action plan. The second audit showed a limited improvement in availability (increased to 34%) and awareness (increased to 15%) of the guidelines, with no statistically significant difference.Clinical ImplicationsApparently well-thought-out action plans may produce minimal change, but unless the audit cycle is completed this fact cannot be corroborated. In generating action plans, more consideration may need to be given to the factors that influence the spread of change in healthcare systems.
Managing perinatal mental health disorders effectively: identifying the necessary components of service provision and delivery
Authors: Rothera Ian , Oates Margaret 
Published: March 2008

Aims and MethodTo identify problems with the management of perinatal mental health disorders and areas where improvements are thought-required. The study used qualitative methods comprising focus groups with recovered patients and interviews with health professionals.ResultsIssues we identified included a lack of knowledge, skills, integrated working, poor access to resources and ill-defined professional roles and responsibilities. Improving care and service provision requires the development of training and education programmes, care pathways and protocols, and referral guidelines and liaison services.Clinical ImplicationsDifficulties over managing perinatal mental illnesses occur at all levels of healthcare provision. Our findings confirm best practice recommendations which emphasise improved joint working and the provision of specialist services in all localities.
Remarkable Improvement of Catalytic Performance in Dimethyl Ether to Olefin Reaction over CeO2-modified Calcium-containing MFI Type Zeolite
Authors: Iida Akira , Nakamura Ryo , Komura Kenichi , Sugi Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Dimethyl ether to olefin (DTO) reaction was examined over CeO2-modified Ca-MFI as a catalyst. The CeO2-modified Ca-MFI (Ce/Ca-MFI) showed excellent catalytic performance to give propene as a main product. Activity was 28 times higher than conventional MFI type zeolite and seven times higher than Ca-MFI.
Application of Magnetically Simulated Microgravity for Preparation of Liquid and Solid Thin Films
Authors: Tanimoto Yoshifumi , Yamamoto Hiromi , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Fujiwara Masao , Katsuki Akio 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Liquid thin films having 13–25-mm diameter of water, ethanol, benzene, etc., which cannot be prepared under the earth’s surface gravity, were prepared on a metallic ring using magnetically simulated microgravity. In a magnetic field, poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) solid thin films of 20-mm diameter were prepared, for the first time, from liquid films of the respective aqueous solutions.
Vanadium-catalyzed Asymmetric Transcyanation of Aliphatic Aldehydes with Acetone Cyanohydrin
Authors: Takaki Junko , Egami Hiromichi , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Saito Bunnai , Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The vanadium(V)(salalen) complex prepared in situ from the corresponding vanadium(IV) complex 4 under aerobic conditions was found to be an excellent catalyst for asymmetric transcyanation of aliphatic aldehydes with acetone cyanohydrin as the cyanide source, showing high enantioselectivity of 91–95% ee.
Highly Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Carboxamides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines Using Pyridine-3-sulfonyl Chloride (3-PSC)
Authors: Funasaka Setsuo , Kato Koji , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The use of pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride (3-PSC) in dehydrating condensation was investigated. This novel reagent was successfully employed as a mild dehydrating reagent for preparing various carboxamides in good to excellent yields from the corresponding carboxylic acids and amines.
Errors in the identification of the transepicondylar and anteroposterior axes of the distal femur in total knee replacement using minimally-invasive and conventional approaches
Authors: Yau W. P. , Leung A. , Liu K. G. , Yan C. H. , Wong L. S. , Chiu K. Y. 
Published: March 2008

We have investigated the errors in the identification of the transepicondylar axis and the anteroposterior axis between a minimally-invasive and a conventional approach in four fresh-frozen cadaver knees. The errors in aligning the femoral prosthesis were compared with the reference transepicondylar axis as established by CT. The error in the identification of the transepicondylar axis was significantly higher in the minimal approach (4.5° of internal rotation, sd 4) than in the conventional approach (3° of internal rotation, sd 4; p < 0.001). The errors in identifying the anteroposterior axis in the two approaches were 0° (sd 5) and 1.8° (sd 5) of internal rotation, respectively (p < 0.001).
A prospective randomised controlled trial of autologous retransfusion in total knee replacement
Authors: Amin A. , Watson A. , Mangwani J. , Nawabi D. H. , Ahluwalia R. , Loeffler M. 
Published: March 2008

We undertook a prospective randomised controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of autologous retransfusion drains in reducing the need for allogenic blood requirement after unilateral total knee replacement. We also monitored the incidence of post-operative complications. There were 86 patients in the control group, receiving standard care with a vacuum drain, and 92 who received an autologous drain and were retransfused postoperatively. Following serial haemoglobin measurements at 24, 48 and 72 hours, we found no difference in the need for allogenic blood between the two groups (control group 15.1%, retransfusion group 13% (p = 0.439)). The incidence of post-operative complications, such as wound infection, deep-vein thrombosis and chest infection, was also comparable between the groups. There were no adverse reactions associated with the retransfusion of autologous blood. Based on this study, the cost-effectiveness and continued use of autologous drains in total knee replacement should be questioned.
The blood flow to the femoral head/neck junction during resurfacing arthroplasty
Authors: Amarasekera H. W. , Costa M. L. , Foguet P. , Krikler S. J. , Prakash U. , Griffin D. R. 
Published: March 2008

We used Laser Doppler flowmetry to measure the effect on the blood flow to the femoral head/neck junction of two surgical approaches during resurfacing arthroplasty. We studied 24 hips undergoing resurfacing arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. Of these, 12 had a posterior approach and 12 a trochanteric flip approach. A Laser probe was placed under radiological control in the superolateral part of the femoral head/neck junction. The Doppler flux was measured at stages of the operation and compared with the initial flux. In both groups the main fall in blood flow occurred during the initial exposure and capsulotomy of the hip joint. There was a greater reduction in blood flow with the posterior (40%) than with the trochanteric flip approach (11%).
Unresolved lytic lesions following parathyroidectomy in a patient with chronic renal failure
Authors: Fok W. M. M. , Leung H. B. 
Published: March 2008

With advances in the treatment of patients with chronic renal failure, their life expectancy has increased. In turn, the prevalence of osteitis fibrosa cystica, a manifestation of secondary hyperparathyroidism, and β2 microglobulin amyloidosis, a result of long-term haemodialysis, has risen. While both conditions share similar radiological features, their management is very different. We present the case of a patient with renal failure who had been receiving haemodialysis for over 20 years. Lytic lesions had been observed in the proximal part of both femurs for ten years. A presumptive diagnosis of osteitis fibrosa cystica was made. However, no regression of the lesions occurred after parathyroidectomy. The patient subsequently developed sequential pathological fractures through the lesions, for which bilateral total hip replacements were performed. Histology of the lesions revealed that the patient was in fact suffering from amyloidosis. In patients with chronic renal failure, osseous amyloidosis is a highly probable differential diagnosis, especially if no regression of a lytic lesion is observed after parathyroidectomy.
Piezoelektrischer Stellantrieb (PAD) (Piezoelectric Actuator Drive (PAD))
Authors: Kappel Andreas , Gottlieb Bernhard , Wallenhauer Carsten 
Published: March 2008

Der steigende Bedarf an miniaturisierten mechatronischen Antriebssystemen stellt eine besondere Herausforderung für die klassische Antriebstechnik dar. Zukünftige Antriebssysteme müssen nicht nur kompakter werden, sondern weitere Eigenschaften wie Stellpräzision, Echtzeit-Force-Feedback und Energieeffizienz vereinen. Bereits seit langem gibt es deshalb Bestrebungen, unkonventionelle Aktoren als Antriebselemente zu verwenden, die diese Eigenschaften intrinsisch aufweisen. Einen Beitrag zur Lösung dieses Zielkonfliktes stellt die PAD-Kinematik dar. Sie ermöglicht eine direkte Wandlung der Elongationen von Festkörperaktoren in präzise steuerbare Rotation, bei gleichzeitiger Erfassung der Lastmomente und hoher Energieeffizienz. Aus dem Zusammenwirken der Systemkomponenten PAD-Motor, PAD-Leistungselektronik, PAD-Sensorelektronik und PAD-Motion-Control-Software ergeben sich attraktive Systemeigenschaften (ähnlich Servosystemen).
Today´s challenge in electrical drive engineering is the increasing market for small mechatronic systems. In the future these systems not only have to become smaller but also must offer higher precision, force feedback and high energy efficiency. Hence much attention has been payed on unconventional actuators with intrinsic sensor capabilities in the past. The PAD kinematical principle is a new tool to solve this trade-off and to convert the elongation of solid state actuators into rotation — precisely, efficiently and enabling real-time force-feedback. The interaction of the system components as PAD-Drive, PAD-Power-Stage, PAD-Sensorics and PAD-Motion-Control-Software provides an attractive set of system features (similar to servosystems).
Regelung eines dreiachsigen Lagers auf Basis piezoelektrischer Aktoren zur Schwingungsrreduktion (Control of a Three-axis Mount based on Piezoelectric Actuators for Vibration Reduction)
Authors: Mayer Dirk , Atzrodt Heiko , Herold Sven 
Published: March 2008

Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Schwingungskompensation durch ein mehrachsiges aktives Lager auf Basis piezoelektrischer Aktoren. Ein adaptives Filtersystem zur entkoppelten Beeinflussung der einzelnen Freiheitsgrade wird in Simulation und Experiment untersucht. Ferner wird eine Möglichkeit zur Verbesserung des verwendeten Adaptionsverfahrens durch eine Beschränkung der Filterkoeffizienten implementiert und getestet.
In this contribution, vibration control by means of a multi-axial active mount on basis of piezoelectric actuators is studied. An adaptive filter system for the decoupled control of the mechanical degrees of freedom is examined as well in a simulation as in an experiment. Additionally, the improvement of the adaptation law by means of constraints on the filter coefficients is studied.
Echtzeitfähiger Hysteresekompensator für Festkörperaktoren (Real-time Hysteresis Compensator for Solid-State Actuators)
Authors: Pesotski Denis , Janocha Hartmut , Pagliarulo Pietro 
Published: March 2008

In diesem Beitrag wird ein Entwurfsverfahren für echtzeitfähige inverse Filter zur Kompensation von hysteresebehafteten Aktorkennlinien in offener Wirkungskette vorgestellt, das auf der sogenannten modifizierten Prandtl-Ishlinskii-Methode basiert. Für Anwendungen mit Signalfrequenzen bis zu 1 kHz wird eine Hardwarerealisierung auf der Grundlage eines FPGAs beschrieben, die in Verbindung mit hochgradig parallelisierbaren Algorithmen Abtastraten im MHz-Bereich zulässt. Anhand eines adaptronischen Hilfsmassedämpfers wird beispielartig die Wirkung der Hysteresekompensation auf das Dämpfungsverhalten bei unterschiedlichen Betriebsmodi dargestellt.
This paper presents a method for designing real-time inverse filters based on the so-called Prandtl-Ishlinskii approach for feedforward compensation of hysteretic actuator characteristics. An FPGA based hardware solution, which in combination with the highly parallel algorithms enables sampling frequencies in the megahertz range, is described for applications with signal frequencies up to 1 kHz. The effect of hysteresis compensation on the damping behaviour of an adaptronic auxiliary mass damper is presented for various operating modes.
Intergeneric Hybridization between Sympatric Kirikuchi Char and Red-Spotted Masu Salmon in a Small Japanese Mountain Stream
Authors: Sato Takuya , Watanabe Katsutoshi , Arizono Masahiro , Mori Seiichi , Nagoshi Makoto , Harada Yasushi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Hybridization occurs widely across salmonid species. Intergeneric hybridization of salmonid species in nature, however, has been rarely reported. Using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers, we obtained evidence of intergeneric hybridization between threatened, naturally sympatric Kirikuchi char Salvelinus leucomaenis japonicus and red-spotted masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae in an upper drainage of the Totsu River system, which is located on Kii Peninsula, central Honshu, Japan. Fifteen suspected hybrid juveniles were captured in August 2005 in a tributary within a surveyed drainage, where an intergeneric pair consisting of a female Kirikuchi char and a male red-spotted masu salmon was observed during the preceding spawning season. The suspected hybrids all appeared to be F1 on the basis of microsatellite genotypes at five loci, which is consistent with the previously reported infertility of such hybrids. The maternal parent species was presumed to be the Kirikuchi char, since all hybrids had this species' mtDNA haplotype. The estimated number of hybrids was equivalent to that of age-0 Kirikuchi char, suggesting that at least half of the annual reproduction of Kirikuchi char in the tributary was disturbed by the present hybridization. Six of nine hybrid recaptures were collected from the same tributary in 2006, indicating that hybrids could survive and stay in their nursery tributary at least until age 1. This study suggests that intergeneric hybridization negatively affects long-term persistence of both parental species, especially Kirikuchi char, through reproductive disturbances and competition for resources.
Sea Louse Infestation in Wild Juvenile Salmon and Pacific Herring Associated with Fish Farms off the East-Central Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Authors: Morton Alexandra , Routledge Rick , Krkosek Martin 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Reports of infestations of sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi in juvenile salmonids in Pacific Canada have been restricted to pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta from one salmon-farming region, the Broughton Archipelago of British Columbia. Here, we report on 2 years of sea louse field surveys of wild juvenile pink and chum salmon, as well as wild sockeye salmon O. nerka and larval Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, in another salmon farming region, the Discovery Islands region of British Columbia. For pink and chum salmon we tested for the dependency of sea louse abundance on temperature, salinity, sampling period, host species, and farm exposure category. For both louse species, farm exposure was the only consistently significant predictor of sea lice abundance. Fish exposed to salmon farms were infected with more sea lice than those in the peripheral category. Sea louse abundance on sockeye salmon and Pacific herring followed the same trends, but sample sizes were too low to support formal statistical analysis. The Pacific herring were translucent and lacked scales, and they were primarily parasitized by C. clemensi. These results suggest that the association of salmon farms with sea lice infestations of wild juvenile fish in Pacific Canada now extends beyond juvenile pink and chum salmon in the Broughton Archipelago. Canada's most abundant and economically valuable salmon populations, as well as British Columbia's most valuable Pacific herring stock, migrate through the Discovery Islands; hence, parasite transmission from farm to wild fish in this region may have important economic and ecological implications.
Lake Erie Yellow Perch Age Estimation Based on Three Structures: Precision, Processing Times, and Management Implications
Authors: Vandergoot Christopher S. , Bur Michael T. , Powell Kipp A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Yellow perch Perca flavescens support economically important recreational and commercial fisheries in Lake Erie and are intensively managed. Age estimation represents an integral component in the management of Lake Erie yellow perch stocks, as age-structured population models are used to set safe harvest levels on an annual basis. We compared the precision associated with yellow perch (N = 251) age estimates from scales, sagittal otoliths, and anal spine sections and evaluated the time required to process and estimate age from each structure. Three readers of varying experience estimated ages. The precision (mean coefficient of variation) of estimates among readers was 1% for sagittal otoliths, 5–6% for anal spines, and 11–13% for scales. Agreement rates among readers were 94–95% for otoliths, 71–76% for anal spines, and 45–50% for scales. Systematic age estimation differences were evident among scale and anal spine readers; less-experienced readers tended to underestimate ages of yellow perch older than age 4 relative to estimates made by an experienced reader. Mean scale age tended to underestimate ages of age-6 and older fish relative to otolith ages estimated by an experienced reader. Total annual mortality estimates based on scale ages were 20% higher than those based on otolith ages; mortality estimates based on anal spine ages were 4% higher than those based on otolith ages. Otoliths required more removal and preparation time than scales and anal spines, but age estimation time was substantially lower for otoliths than for the other two structures. We suggest the use of otoliths or anal spines for age estimation in yellow perch (regardless of length) from Lake Erie and other systems where precise age estimates are necessary, because age estimation errors resulting from the use of scales could generate incorrect management decisions.
The Effect of Circle Hooks and Straight (J) Hooks on the Catch Rates and Numbers of White Marlin and Blue Marlin Released Alive by the U.S. Pelagic Longline Fleet in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Diaz Guillermo A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The effect of circle and straight (J) hooks on the catch rates of white marlin Kajikia albida (formerly Tetrapturus albidus) and blue marlin Makaira nigricans and the proportions released alive by the U.S. pelagic longline fleet targeting yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in the Gulf of Mexico was assessed with data collected by scientific observers aboard commercial vessels between 1992 and 2004. Catch rates were lower with circle hooks than with straight hooks, but the differences were not significant; while the catch rates of the targeted species, yellowfin tuna, were the same for both hook types. However, a significantly higher proportion of marlins was released alive from circle hooks than from J hooks.
Does Hook Choice Matter? Effects of Three Circle Hook Models on Postrelease Survival of White Marlin
Authors: Graves John E. , Horodysky Andrij Z. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Throughout the Atlantic, the white marlin Kajika albida (formerly Tetrapturus albidus) is overfished but remains a major target species for offshore recreational anglers. The vast majority of white marlin taken in the U.S. fishery are caught on natural baits and subsequently released. A previous study demonstrated that the use of circle hooks with natural baits resulted in a highly significant increase in white marlin postrelease survival relative to the use of straight-shank (J-type) hooks with natural baits. However, several models of circle hooks, which vary in shape and the degree to which the point is offset from the shaft, are available to anglers. Survival estimates determined from experiments conducted using one model may not be transferable to other models. We evaluated postrelease survival of white marlin caught on three circle hook models commonly used in the recreational fishery. High-resolution pop-up satellite archival tags that were programmed to release from the fish after 10 d were deployed to follow the fates of 20 white marlin caught on each type of circle hook. Only one mortality was inferred from the 59 tags that provided useful data. No significant differences in the incidence of deep (internal) hooking, hook-induced trauma, or postrelease survival were found among fish caught on the different circle hook models. Incidences of white marlin deep hooking, hook-induced trauma, and postrelease mortality were significantly lower for the three circle hook models (combined) than for J hooks evaluated in a previous study. Current U.S. domestic management measures requiring the use of non-offset circle hooks with natural baits during registered tournaments for Atlantic billfishes (Istiophoridae) will provide some relief for white marlin; however, the use of circle hooks in recreational fisheries targeting this species throughout the Atlantic Ocean could substantially reduce fishing mortality on this overfished resource.
Grating Size Needed to Protect Adult Pacific Lampreys in the Columbia River Basin
Authors: Moser Mary L. , Pennington Howard T. , Roos Jeremy M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Adult Pacific lampreys Lampetra tridentata routinely pass through picketed leads and diffuser gratings at lower Columbia River hydropower dams and enter areas where they can be delayed, injured, or killed. We assessed the bar spacing needed to exclude adult lampreys that enter the fishways at Bonneville Dam (river kilometer (rkm) 235). The experimental fish used (n = 242) ranged from 53 to 79 cm in total length and from 282 to 800 g in weight. All were able to swim through a 2.5-cm vertical gap, 47% passed through a 2.2-cm gap, and none passed through a gap of 1.9 cm or less. In dewatering simulations, none of the additional 50 Pacific lampreys tested were able to pass through a 1.9-cm diffuser grating, while 86% were able to pass through a traditional 2.5-cm grating. Based on these results, we conclude that bar spacing of 1.9 cm or less is needed to exclude most adult Pacific lampreys in the Columbia River drainage. An initial field test of the 1.9-cm grating at John Day Dam (rkm 347) confirmed these results.