bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Kayuk Complex of Arctic Alaska
Authors: Campbell John M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractApproximately 2400 stone and 77 bone and antler artifacts were obtained by extensive trenching of the Kayuk site, a large area on the banks of Kayuk Creek in Anaktuvuk Pass, Brooks Range, northern Alaska, where several Nunamiut Eskimo families now camp. No stratigraphy was noted and no structural features were encountered, but four fire areas were excavated. The most diagnostic artifact is the Kayuk point, a lanceolate form with finely executed parallel oblique flaking, which resembles most closely the Angostura point of the Great Plains. Other stone artifacts, some of which also exhibit the parallel oblique flaking, include blades, scrapers, angle burins, microblades, drills, and adz blades. Implements of bone and antler, mostly caribou, include harpoons, leister and fish spear prongs and barbs, and other forms common in recent and prehistoric Arctic sites. The Kayuk site is believed to have been a hunting camp used during caribou migrations through Anaktuvuk Pass by a prehistoric Eskimo group which probably wintered on the northern coast as do the modern Nunamiut. The Kayuk complex probably belongs somewhere in time between the Denbigh Flint complex and Ipiutak.
A Mississippian Headdress from Etowah, Georgia
Authors: Larson Lewis H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe small embossed ornaments of sheet copper found in Southeastern sites have usually been identified as “pendants” or “symbol badges,” and have been considered part of the ritual equipment of the Southern Cult. Four graves of the Wilbanks period at Etowah contained such objects. They had apparently been mounted with feathers and slender wooden rods to form elaborate headdresses. Observers from the 16th century onwards describe “crowns” worn by the Coosa, Creek, and Natchez nobility that would have been very similar.
The Metallurgy of the Southern Coast of Peru
Authors: Root William C. 
Published: April 2006

A study of the use of gold and silver by the ancient inhabitants of southern Peru and Bolivia has been made by Lothrop (1937). He found that in the region of the southern coast the available material from Paracas and Nasca was adequate, but that there was very little satisfactory material from the later periods, such as Ica. Many of the objects in museum collections that purport to be from Ica are of questionable origin, and many objects actually from Ica are thought to be from Lima, Moche, etc. This not only prevents a satisfactory investigation of the use of metals in Ica, but confuses a study of their use on the central and northern coasts.The present study is an attempt to supply more exact information about the use of metals in the vicinity of Nasca, Ica, and Chincha. Max Uhle made very careful excavations in the Chincha and Ica valleys in 1901, and in the region of Nasca in 1903.
A Preliminary Study of Space and Time Perspective in Northern Colombia
Authors: Reichel-Dolmatoff Gerardo 
Published: April 2006

Although the Republic of Colombia occupies a large area in northwestern South America arid its geographical position makes it an important link between the basic components of nuclear America, our knowledge of Colombia's prehistoric cultures is still very scanty and sporadic. Practically no serious attempts have been made toward correlating its many different cultural manifestations in terms of temporal development or spatial distribution. This has been due mainly to the lack of organized scientific archaeology and to the romantic orientation most research had taken in Colombia, where archaeologists have concentrated upon the more spectacular ceremonial sites while ignoring almost completely the problems of chronology and cultural interrelations.The considerable advance made during the last decade in the field of Venezuelan and Antillean archaeology, together with the many unsolved problems posed by Meso-American and South American relationships, has pressed the need for the establishment of an adequate chronological framework for the archaeological cultures of the north Colombian lowlands.
Spenser Expands His Text
Authors: Gottfried Rudolf 
Published: April 2006

They bene ybrought into a comely bowre,And seru'd of all things that mote needfull beeYet secretly their hoste did on them lowre,And welcomde more for feare, then charitce;But they dissembled, what they did not see,And welcomed themselves. Supper was dight;Then they Malbecco prayd of curtesy,That of his Lady they might have the sight,And company at meat, to do them more delight.Any reader of Renaissance News will immediately identify this stanza as one of the thousands that make up The Faerie Queene; in fact, given the name Malbecco and the situation described, he cannot fail to spot it as occurring in the ninth canto of Book Three. In a sense, however, he will be in error. It is actually a spurious composite of two of Spenser's stanzas in that canto: the nineteenth, which supplies everything before the period in line 6, and the twenty-fifth, from which the remainder is taken.
Contributions to the Study of Florentine Goldsmithwork of the Renaissance
Authors: Steingraeber Erich 
Published: April 2006

A An unknown work by Antonio del Pollaiuolo for the Monastery of S. Gaggio near FlorenceOn the back of a simple reliquary crucifix of c. 1500, which comes from the Augustinian monastery of S. Gaggio near Florence and is now preserved in the Museo Nazionale in Florence, there are six obviously somewhat older translucent silver enamel plaques. Their quality is striking when compared to the simple craftlike work of the crucifix itself. The senseless iconographic arrangement of Mary and John at either side of St. Gaggio also attests to the fact that these smalti are not in their original setting.
Some Sources of 15th Century English Music
Authors: Bukofzer Manfred F. 
Published: April 2006

In the past years a number of manuscripts and small fragments have come to light which enlarge in various degrees our knowledge of 15th-century music in England. It may be useful to give a brief annotated list:1.British Museum, Add. MS 40011 B. Flyleaves from a Memorandum Book of Fountains Abbey containing three- and four-part settings of the Mass, and a few motets some of which are incomplete. The fragment is valuable especially for the concordances with the Old Hall MS.2.British Museum, Egerton MS 3307. Thematic catalogue: Schofield, The Musical Quarterly XXXII (1946), 509. This manuscript is one of the most important recent additions to English music of the Renaissance. It transmits a series of sacred compositions for Holy Week, and, in a separate part, carols with English words and Latin cantilenas for two and three voices. Of particular interest are a three-voice composition of the old Goliard song O potores exquisiti and a four-part motet Cantemus Domino socie, based in its text on the beginning of an elegy by Sedulius.
The Phoenix: Middleton's Comedy de Regimine Principum
Authors: Williamson Marilyn L. 
Published: April 2006

The Phoenix is the most sententious and didactic of all Thomas Middleton's plays. Even his tragedies and tragicomedies are not as pervasively moralistic as this play. The reason for this difference in The Phoenix has never been explored because only the more attractive, realistic parts of the comedy have been singled out for comment.Like A Fair Quarrel and The Old Law, which are also more didactic than the rest of Middleton's dramatic work, The Phoenix was performed before the King: the quarto edition has the subtitle, ‘as it hath beene sundrye times Acted by the Children of Paules, And presented before his Maiestie’. The sententiousness of The Phoenix derives, I think, from a definite attempt by Middleton to interest the King and in a sense advise him. The Phoenix, I hope to show, is a comedy written for a king.
Shakespearean Hymn-Parody?
Authors: Seng Peter J. 
Published: April 2006

Near the end of the bacchanalian revels aboard Pompey's galley in Antony and Cleopatra (II.vii), Shakespeare introduces the only song in his play. As Enobarbus places Antony, Pompey, and Caesar hand in hand—presumably to dance as well as to join in the refrain—a boy comes forward to sing:Come, thou monarch of the vine,Plumpy Bacchus with pink eyne!In thy fats our cares be drown'd,With thy grapes our hairs be crown'd.
Archival Resources in Gabon
Authors: Bucher Henry H. 
Published: April 2006

The researcher interested in archival and bibliographical information on Gabon will already have consulted Hubert Deschamps' Traditions orales et archives du Gabon (Paris, 1962), and Brian Weinstein's “Gabon: A Bibliographical Essay,” Africana Newsletter [Stanford], 1 (Winter 1963), pp. 4-9. It is not my intention to supersede these two documents but rather to provide a more recent survey of what is presently available to the researcher in Libreville.The local administrative archives, like those of most of the former French colonies in Africa, were removed to France on independence. This means that the investigator may spend less archival time in Gabon than he might have anticipated; nevertheless, there are several valuable archival resources available in Libreville. The most voluminous archives in Libreville have now been centralized by the government into the National Archives and Library under the direction of M. Gaston Rapontchombo. Much of the material was personally collected by him during twenty years' residence in France. The card catalogue (chronologically organized) begins with 1856 and is kept as current as is possible with a limited staff and budget. It is in the process of being cross-referenced by author and subject. The index cards (totaling some thirty to fifty linear feet) represent every book and article concerning Gabon (history, natural sciences, religion, politics, art, education, anthropology, and numerous other subject areas) that M. Rapontchombo could locate in his extensive investigations into European repositories. In some cases these include material about Gabon's neighbors. There are entries from about 1000 journals (French, English, Swiss, German, Scandinavian, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Belgian, Portuguese, South African, and other areas, including many other countries in tropical Africa). In many cases M. Rapontchombo has photocopied articles, and even complete books, but these had not been catalogued as of February 1974. There are also many photocopies of manuscripts from various archival collections in France.
HODL(ℝ) is a Core Model Below Θ
Authors: Steel John R. 
Published: April 2006

In this paper we shall answer some questions in the set theory of L(ℝ), the universe of all sets constructible from the reals. In order to do so, we shall assume ADL(ℝ), the hypothesis that all 2-person games of perfect information on ω whose payoff set is in L(ℝ) are determined. This is by now standard practice. ZFC itself decides few questions in the set theory of L(ℝ), and for reasons we cannot discuss here, ZFC + ADL(ℝ) yields the most interesting “completion” of the ZFC-theory of L(ℝ).ADL(ℝ) implies that L(ℝ) satisfies “every wellordered set of reals is countable”, so that the axiom of choice fails in L(ℝ). Nevertheless, there is a natural inner model of L(ℝ), namely HODL(ℝ), which satisfies ZFC. (HOD is the class of all hereditarily ordinal definable sets, that is, the class of all sets x such that every member of the transitive closure of x is definable over the universe from ordinal parameters (i.e., “OD”). The superscript “L(ℝ)” indicates, here and below, that the notion in question is to be interpreted in L(R).) HODL(ℝ) is reasonably close to the full L(ℝ), in ways we shall make precise in § 1. The most important of the questions we shall answer concern HODL(ℝ): what is its first order theory, and in particular, does it satisfy GCH?These questions first drew attention in the 70's and early 80's. (See [4, p. 223]; also [12, p. 573] for variants involving finer notions of definability.)
Warum sind Proteine geladen? Netzwerke aus Ladungs‐Ladungs‐Wechselwirkungen in Proteinen, analysiert über Ladungsleitern und Kapillarelektrophorese
Authors: Gitlin Irina , Carbeck Jeffrey D. , Whitesides George M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFast alle Proteine enthalten geladene Aminosäuren. Während für einzelne Ladungen im aktiven Zentrum die Funktion bei der Katalyse oder der Bindung häufig aufgeklärt werden kann, ist es weniger ersichtlich, welche Funktion den Ladungen außerhalb dieser Region zuzuordnen ist. Sind sie für die Löslichkeit notwendig? Oder haben sie andere Aufgaben? Lassen sich durch Verändern dieser Ladungen die Proteineigenschaften variieren? Eine Kombination aus Kapillarelektrophorese (CE) und “Proteinladungsleitern” ermöglicht es, die Funktionen geladener Reste auf der Proteinoberfläche außerhalb des aktiven Zentrums zu studieren. Dazu werden diese Reste durch Reaktionen modifiziert, die eine große Zahl unterschiedlich geladener Derivate des Proteins liefern. CE trennt diese Derivate in Fraktionen mit der gleichen Zahl modifizierter geladener Gruppen. Die Untersuchung des Ladungseinflusses auf die Proteineigenschaften unter Verwendung von Ladungsleitern ermöglicht es, die Nettoladung und den hydrodynamischen Radius der Proteine zu bestimmen und auf die Rolle geladener Reste bei Ligandbindung und Proteinfaltung zu schließen.
Comparison of Comminution by Impact of Particle Collectives and Other Grinding Processes
Authors: Weber A. , Teipel U. , Nirschl H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis article presents the innovative grinding apparatus Pulsar in which comminution is caused by impact of a particle plug on an impact plate. Advantages of the Pulsar principle in comparison to other types of mills are discussed. The aim of the work is to classify the Pulsar system in the field of grinding apparatus and machines in terms of energy consumption. Experiments were carried out in a Pulsar, a cross beater mill and a ball mill for comparison purposes. The results show that, for the material quartz sand, grinding in the Pulsar at a medium pressure of compressed air (pcar,i = 7.5 bars) and a medium magnetic valve opening time (to = 70 ms) is as efficient as in the ball mill. The grinding energy consumption of both mills, the Pulsar and the ball mill, is remarkably higher than that of the cross beater mill.
Effective Manipulation of the Electronic Effects and Its Influence on the Emission of 5‐Substituted Tris(8‐quinolinolate) Aluminum(III) Complexes
Authors: Montes Victor A. , Pohl Radek , Shinar Joseph , Anzenbacher Pavel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe unique electron‐transport and emissive properties of tris(8‐quinolinolate) aluminum(III) (Alq3) have resulted in extensive use of this material for small molecular organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) fabrication. So far, efforts to prepare stable and easy‐to‐process red/green/blue (RGB)‐emitting Alq3 derivatives have met with only a limited success. In this paper, we describe how the electronic nature of various substituents, projected via an arylethynyl or aryl spacer to the position of the highest HOMO density (C5), may be used for effective emission tuning to obtain blue‐, green‐, and red‐emitting materials. The synthetic strategy consists of four different pathways for the attachment of electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing aryl or arylethynyl substituents to the 5‐position of the quinolinolate ring. Successful tuning of the emission color covering the whole visible spectrum (λ=450–800 nm) was achieved. In addition, the photophysical properties of the luminophores were found to correlate with the Hammett constant of the respective substituents, providing a powerful strategy with which to predict the optical properties of new materials. We also demonstrate that the electronic nature of the substituent affects the emission properties of the resulting complex through effective modification of the HOMO levels of the quinolinolate ligand.
Hydrothermal Syntheses, Architectures and Magnetic Properties of Six Novel MnII Coordination Polymers with Mixed Ligands
Authors: Sun Chang‐Yan , Gao Song , Jin Lin‐Pei 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSix novel manganese(II) coordination polymers, namely [Mn(oba)(4,4′‐bpy)]n·n(4,4′‐bpy) (1), [Mn(oba)(phen)(H2O)]n (2), [Mn2(oba)2(2,2′‐bpy)2(H2O)2]n·nH2oba (3), [Mn2(cca)2(4,4′‐bpy)2]n·2n(4,4′‐bpy) (4), [Mn(cca)(phen)]n (5) and [Mn(cca)(2,2′‐bpy)]n·0.25nH2O (6) [H2oba = 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoic acid); 4,4′‐bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine; phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline; 2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine; H2cca = p‐carboxycinnamic acid] have been synthesised under hydrothermal conditions. Complexes 1 and 4 possess 3D microporous metal‐organic frameworks with free 4,4′‐bpy ligands in the channels. The MnII ions in complex 2 are bridged into 1D infinite double‐chain structures, and those in complex 3 are bridged into 1D zigzag chains. Hydrogen bonds cause the formation of 3D supramolecular networks for complexes 2 and 3. Complex 5 is a complicated 3D metal‐organic framework, and the MnII ions in complex 6 are linked into 2D layers with cavities; interpenetration of these 2D layers results in the formation of a 3D supramolecular network. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that complex 2 displays a weak ferromagnetic interaction between the MnII ions with the following parameters: J = 0.462(3) cm–1, g = 2.0387(6), zJ′ =–0.0062(3) cm–1 and R = 8.0 × 10–6. Complex 4 shows antiferromagnetic coupling between the MnII ions with J =–0.718(4) cm–1, g = 1.986(4) and R = 2.3 × 10–4. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Star‐Shaped Polymers With Calix[6]arene Cores
Authors: Zhu Weipu , Ling Jun , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSummary: The syntheses and characterizations of well‐defined star‐shaped amphiphilic polymers containing a hydrophobic p‐tert‐butyl‐calix[6]arene core and six hydrophilic PPO or PPO‐b‐PDTC arms are described. The average number of PO units in each arm could be adjusted by choosing a suitable amount of raw material.Schematic structure of the amphiphilic star‐shaped block copolymer containing a hydrophobic p‐tert‐butyl‐calix[6]arene core and six PPO‐b‐PDTC arms.imageSchematic structure of the amphiphilic star‐shaped block copolymer containing a hydrophobic p‐tert‐butyl‐calix[6]arene core and six PPO‐b‐PDTC arms.
Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Elastomer
Authors: Darinskii Anatoly A. , Zarembo Anna , Balabaev Nikolai K. , Neelov Igor M. , Sundholm Franciska 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSummary:Molecular dynamic simulation of side chain liquid crystalline elastomer has been carried out. As an initial state a flexible polymer network in a low molecular liquid‐crystal (LC) solvent was used. The LC solvent comprises of anisotropic rod‐like semiflexible linear molecules (mesogens) composed of particles bonded into the chain by FENE potential. Rigidity of LC molecules was induced by a bending potential. All interactions between nonbonded particles are described by a repulsive Lennard‐Jones potential. For the systems with different values of density and order parameter obtained after sufficiently long trajectory the attachment of ends of mesogens to the polymer network was simulated. The kinetic of the process of mesogens attachment to network was studied as well as morphology of attachment. The structural and dynamical behaviour of side chain LC elastomer was studied and compared with systems of polymer network in low molecular LC solvent.
Comparative proteomics of glycosomes from bloodstream form and procyclic culture form Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Authors: Colasante Claudia , Ellis Margrit , Ruppert Thomas , Voncken Frank 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPeroxisomes are present in nearly every eukaryotic cell and compartmentalize a wide range of important metabolic processes. Glycosomes of Kinetoplastid parasites are peroxisome‐like organelles, characterized by the presence of the glycolytic pathway. The two replicating stages of Trypanosoma brucei brucei, the mammalian bloodstream form (BSF) and the insect (procyclic) form (PCF), undergo considerable adaptations in metabolism when switching between the two different hosts. These adaptations involve also substantial changes in the proteome of the glycosome. Comparative (non‐quantitative) analysis of BSF and PCF glycosomes by nano LC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS resulted in the validation of known functional aspects of glycosomes and the identification of novel glycosomal constituents.
Comprehensive glyco‐proteomic analysis of human α1‐antitrypsin and its charge isoforms
Authors: Kolarich Daniel , Weber Alfred , Turecek Peter L. , Schwarz Hans‐Peter , Altmann Friedrich 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHuman α1‐antitrypsin (A1PI) is a well‐known glycoprotein in human plasma important for the protection of tissues from proteolytic enzymes. The three N‐glycosylation sites of A1PI contain diantennary N‐glycans but also triantennary and even traces of tetraantennary structures leading to the typical IEF pattern observed for A1PI. Here we present an approach to characterize A1PI isoforms from human plasma and its PTMs by LC‐ESI‐MS and LC‐ESI‐MS/MS of peptides obtained by proteolytic digestion. The single cysteine residue of A1PI formed a disulfide bridge with free cysteine. The variability of the number of antennae and hence sialic acids on glycosylation site N107, which even contained minute amounts of tetraantennary structures, emerged as a major cause for the IEF pattern of A1PI. Only negligible amounts of triantennary structures were identified attached to N70, and exclusively diantennary structures were present on site N271 in each of the isoforms analyzed. Exoglycosidase digests revealed α2,6‐linked neuraminic acids on diantennary N‐glycans, and triantennary contained additionally one single α2,3‐neuraminic acid per N‐glycan, which, together with a fucose, formed a sialyl Lewis X determinant on the β1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine, as shown by 2‐D‐HPLC of pyridylaminated asialoglycans. Fucosylation of diantennary structures was marginal and of the core α1,6 type.
Kinetic study of the oxide‐assisted catalyst‐free synthesis of silicon nitride nanowires
Authors: Farjas J. , Pinyol A. , Rath Chandana , Roura P. , Bertran E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of Si3N4 nanowires from the reaction of silicon nanoparticles with N2 in the 1200–1440 °C temperature range is reported. The nitridation conditions are such that the reaction with nitrogen is favoured by the presence of silicon oxide in the particles and by the active oxidation of silicon without a catalyst. It is shown that the Si to Si3N4 conversion rate depends on the amount of silicon particles used in the experiments and that, in general, the reaction slows down for greater amounts. This trend is explained by particle stacking, which restricts the exchange of gases between the furnace atmosphere and the atmosphere around the inner particles. In a first stage, local oxygen partial pressure increases around the inner particles and inhibits nitridation locally. If the amount of reactant Si nanoparticles is small enough, this extrinsic effect is avoided and the intrinsic nitridation kinetics can be measured. Experiments show that intrinsic kinetics does not depend on temperature. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)