bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canadian scientific journals: Part 1, coverage
Authors: Inhaber H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMost studies of scientific journals have been discipline‐oriented, and thus transnational. Journals are here considered from the point of view of the Canadian national information system. While Canada has a proportion of journals to population higher than most countries, there are comparatively few journals in engineering and applied sciences. Canadian journals rank fairly low on an international scale based on citations, with journals of chemistry, physics and zoology leading the list.
Use of synthetic text in the evaluation of statistically based keyword‐selection strategies
Authors: Carroll John M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPreparation of test corpora by computer simulation avoids the expense of converting real text to machine‐sensible format and forces the experimenter to explicate the basic assumptions underlying his keyword‐selection strategies. Its use permits unidimensional, quantitative, low‐variance measurement of the relative effectiveness of alternative selection criteria.
Derivation of a sample of journal issues for tests of availability and use
Authors: Piternick Anne B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA method of preparing a sample of journal issues for testing purposes is described. A computer file was created by listing every issue of a set of journals, and random samples of the issues were selected by computer and printed out. It is suggested that the method could be applied to a variety of tests of journal availability, delivery and use.
A probabilistic approach to automatic keyword indexing. Part II. An algorithm for probabilistic indexing
Authors: Harter Stephen P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn Part I of this study,* a mixture of two Poisson distributions was examined as a model of specialty word distribution. Formulas expressing the three parameters of the model in terms of empirical frequency statistics were derived, and a statistical measure intended to identify specialty words, consistent with the model, was proposed.In the present paper, Part II of the study, a probabilistic model of keyword indexing is outlined, and some of the consequences of the model are examined. An algorithm defining a measure of indexability is developed‐a measure intended to reflect the relative significance of words in documents. The measure is evaluated and is found to consistently produce indexes superior to those produced by another measure which had previously been identified in the literature as producing the best results.
Applying the management‐by‐objectives technique in an industrial library
Authors: Stanton Robert O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn experimental “management‐by‐objectives” performance system was operated by the Libraries and Information Systems Center of Bell Laboratories during 1973. It was found that, though the system was very effective for work planning and the development of people, difficulties were encountered in applying it to certain classes of employees, particularly those doing public service or routine work.
Opinion Paper. Pragmatic observations on theoretical research in information science
Authors: Slamecka Vladimir 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe likelihood that the development of theoretical foundations for information science is a distant goal suggests that the near‐term objectives of the information research community should be formulated more realistically. Since the task of science is increasingly being determined by urgent, and changing, social concerns, these objectives should be formulated within a socially utilitarian framework and within a problem domain different from that which has sustained information research in the past 15 years. The imminent societal imperative, management of knowledge as a social resource, appears to be a viable new framework for defining major roles and tasks for theory‐oriented work in information science.
Selecting computer resources for inclusion within a pricing system
Authors: Zmud Robert W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA great deal of interest has been shown in the use of prices as a means of allocating computer resources. However, little effort has been exerted toward determining which resources should be priced. As a step in this direction, a study was undertaken to uncover which resources can be validated for inclusion within a pricing structure. The resources thus found most suitable for pricing are core space and CPU time. A basis for including additional resources within the pricing structure is also provided.
A comparison of the readability of abstracts with their source documents
Authors: King Rosemary 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReadability levels of 30 items from Child Development Abstracts and 30 passages from their corresponding journal articles were compared by a CAL SNOBOL computer program referenced to a cloze criterion. The difference between mean predicted cloze restoration percentage scores of 26.77 for abstracts and 30.37 for articles proved to be significant beyond the .05 level. Results supported the hypothesis that abstracts were more difficult to read than their source documents, but indicated that perhaps both types of materials were too hard for undergraduates.
A multifaceted medical data information system and one product: The index‐handbook of ototoxic agents
Authors: Lunin Lois F. , Heath Miriam T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the creation and development of a biomedical information system that includes a machine‐readable data base containing clinical and research data and a publication entitled the Index‐Handbook of Ototoxic Agents. This system provides for compilation of tables of data and it could be used in an interactive mode. Basic to the system is the construction of a profile to facilitate extraction of data from the literature and the development of a format in which to present this data in a brief, informative surrogate. The history and plan of the project and the methods used for search of the literature and file construction are described. The paper also discusses the presentation of data in journal articles and suggests that editors of journals concerned with drug information should be encouraged to require that all articles contain a standard amount of data presented in an unambiguous form.
Toward increased quality consciousness for alcoholism literature
Authors: Chafetz Morris E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe National Clearinghouse for Alcohol Information (NCALI) is an information resource developed by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. It provides numerous information services to professionals in a wide spectrum of alcohol‐related disciplines and to the general public. These services are designed to aid in the identification and dissemination of literature in the alcoholism field.One such service is provision of a quality evaluation rating for the documents announced by the Clearinghouse. The Quality Evaluation of Literature System (QELS) is designed to select and discriminate among literature in the field on the basis of quality criteria developed by alcoholism field professionals and to announce the resulting comparative ratings to literature users. In this way, QELS aids literature users in determining those documents of highest potential value to them.QELS is by no means a censorship system. The Clearinghouse makes available a wide spectrum of alcoholrelated information, including items which do not qualify for the QELS program as well as both high and low rated information items. The mechanics of the system include initial document ratings by highly regarded professionals who are peers of the authors, the conversion of these “raw” ratings into standardized scores for comparability, the announcement of these scores through the many information services of the Clearinghouse, and the encouragement of user feedback ratings which are factored into the document scores on a regular review and update cycle.Evaluation of the techniques employed in the QELS program and of its overall effectiveness is being carried out on a continuing basis. The program holds promise for providing a valuable service to users in any disciplineor issue‐oriented information field.
Use of library materials in terms of age
Authors: Bulick Stephen , Montgomery K. Leon , Fetterman John , Kent Allen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe use of books and monographs is studied in terms of “aging.” Data on the use, over a period of five years, of materials acquired in 1969 is presented. The data is presented in such a way as to indicate the points at which negligible use can be predicted, with regard to one‐time use, two‐time use, three‐time use, etc.This methodology will be used for successive years of acquisitions and the data will be compared. The attempt will be made to develop a predictive model on aging which may be useful both in purchasing and in collection weeding decisions.
A cataloger's authority list maintenance system
Authors: Ross Ian C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA computer system to maintain authority lists is described. The system updates authority lists from computer terminal input of the barest essential material. All reciprocal entries and alphabetization are performed by the system. Subdivisions and examples are identified by punctuational conventions and appropriate entries inserted into the list. Replacement pages or replacement lists may be obtained. This facility permits catalogers to have up‐to‐date authority lists at their disposal. The main system and some ancillary parts, also described, perform various error checking functions. The system also generates subject headings for a printed book catalog.
On‐line logging in of periodicals by CODEN using interactive query report processor
Authors: Allen Albert H. , Beirne Eugene F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractJournal Log In is a computer on‐line system for checking in periodicals. Input is fast and several options are offered for output. Used in conjunction with an IBM system called IQRP (Interactive Query Report Processing), it permits a serials librarian to use shortened commands coupled with a CODEN for ease in logging in periodicals.The greatest benefit of this system has been its ability to perform an on‐line search for delinquent journals. The result is a claims list that can be sent immediately to a subscription agency or a publisher. Other reports that are generated are a daily status report of all the periodicals for the current year, annual bindery lists, order lists for the subscription agency, and a CODEN list with matching titles.
Classification from PRECIS: Some possibilities
Authors: Richmond Phyllis A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe PREserved Context Index System (PRECIS) developed for subject indexing for the British National Bibliography is discussed as a basis for various studies relating to classification which could be made from its initial phrases, strings, entries and back‐up structure. Specific possibilities include use of methodologies such as Goffman's “indirect method,” Fox's “characterization” of rules, derivation of empirical hyperbolic distributions, and lognormal distributions. The relationship of existing methods of subject analysis to each other through PRECIS is explored. Brief samples are included.
Availability analysis
Authors: Kantor Paul B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA recently proposed technique for determining the availability of items in a circulating collection is expanded and applied. We present a discussion of the theoretical justification and a careful analysis of the sources of error and the reliability of the results. We report the results of a new longitudinal study using this technique and apply it retrospectively to a number of previous studies to which it is applicable. The resulting data indicate certain striking regularities in the performance of large university libraries, as well as significant differences.The implications of this tool, both for management and for the scientific analysis of various aspects of library performance, are discussed.
An n‐dimensional retrieval model
Authors: Cleveland Donald B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper reports a technique which expands W. Goffman's Indirect Method search strategy by using means other than index terms to reflect document content. The four basic measures of document relatedness were: (1) Index terms, (2) Journals in which the documents appeared, (3) Closeness of the authors of the documents and (4) Closeness of citations. In the experiment a distance function between documents is defined, based on the properties of the documents themselves. The proximity between pairs of documents is then determined by calculating the Euclidean distance.Based on the results of this experiment, authors or authors with journals are the best measures of document relatedness. This aspect should be explored further.
A national standard for bibliographic references
Authors: Mount Ellis 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBibliographic references to a wide variety of informational materials can be prepared by using the examples presented in this abbreviated version of the forthcoming American National Standard for Bibliographic References. Types of materials described are journals, monographs, patents, conference proceedings, reports, legal materials, newspapers, trade catalogs, letters, manuscripts, dissertations, maps, music (printed), sound recordings, motion pictures, audiovisual materials, video‐recordings, art works, computer programs, and data files.
Nephis: A nested‐phrase indexing system
Authors: Craven Timothy C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNEPHIS is a system of computer‐aided permuted subject indexing designed to be an easy as possible for the indexer, for the programmer, and for the user of the index. The indexer needs to learn only four commands in order to be able to construct any input string. Yet the permutations produced are elegant and browsable, while providing a complete description of even quite complicated subjects. The program is cheap to run, requiring only an input file and an output file and 1K of core.
Factors affecting subject catalog search success
Authors: Bates Marcia J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe study examined the effects of two variables on success in searching an academic library subject catalog that uses Library of Congress subject headings. The vari‐ables were “subject familiarity,” and “catalog familiar‐ity,” representing patron knowledge of a subject field and of the principles of the subject heading system, re‐spectively. Testing was done in a laboratory setting which reproduced a real search situation. The n varied with the particular test, but about 20 university students in each of the following majors participated: psychology, economics, librarianship. Success was measured as degree of match between search term and term used by the library for desired books on the subject. Catalog familiarity was found to have a very signifi‐cant beneficial effect on search matching success, and subject familiarity a slight, but not significant, detri‐mental effect. An interview substudy of subject experts suggested causes for the failure of subject expertise to help in catalog search term formulation.Surprising results were that overall matching success was strikingly low. Since the methodology used enabled a more precise determination of match success than has been typical of catalog use studies, it appears that people may be less successful than we have thought in using subject catalogs.
Future library network automation
Authors: Cooke Michael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article suggests possible new directions towards solving some of the problems which detract from the current computerized cooperative library networks. The author deals with three main problems: varying levels of bibliographic needs; lack of integration of all library technical processing in automated systems; existing computer network architecture bottlenecks and costs. The ideas presented use distributed data and distributed computing to support the network and introduce a tiered system of bibliographic activity to optimize the benefits of cooperation.
Single‐pass method for determining the semantic relationships between terms
Authors: Yu Clement T. , Raghavan Vijay V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA fast single‐pass method for the automatic determination of the semantic relationships between terms is presented. The computing time required for the method is small enough for it to be feasible in a practical environment. The experimental results obtained indicate that the method is effective in the assessment of the relationships between terms. The improvement achieved in retrieval performance over simple keyword matching is quite significant.
Catalog information and text as indicators of relevance
Authors: Marcus Richard S. , Kugel Peter , Benenfeld Alan R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe indicativity of a type of catalog information (or catalog field) is intended as a measure of how well the information in the field conveys the contents of the document it represents. In the experiments reported here, indicativity is measured for several catalog fields by comparing users' evaluations of the relevance of documents on the basis of the information in a given field with their judgments on the basis of full text. A small but statistically significant increase in indicativity is found as the length of a catalog field (as measured by the number of different content‐word stems) is increased. The title field is found to have an indicativity of 0.64; matching subjects, 0.67; subjects, 0.70; abstract, 0.73. Despite the relatively small gain in indicativity for the longer fields, users value the longer fields highly for determining relevance if one judges by the amount of time they spend on them. Support for the hypothesis that the indicativity measure does not fully reflect the value of the fields is developed. Thus, the question of the cost effectiveness of the longer fields is unresolved. Other aspects of catalog field utility studied under the Project Intrex equipments are also reported.
Evaluation of information retrieval systems: A decision theory approach
Authors: Kraft Donald H. , Bookstein Abraham 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Swets model of information retrieval, based on a decision theory approach, is discussed, with the overall performance measure being the crucial element reexamined in this paper. The Neyman‐Pearson criterion from statistical decision theory, and based on likelihood ratios, is used to determine an optimal range of Z, the variable assigned to each document by the retrieval system in an attempt to discriminate between relevant and nonrelevant documents. This criterion is shown to be directly related to both precision and recall, and is equivalent to the maximization of the expected value of the retrieval decision for a specific query and a given document under certain conditions. Thus, a compromise can be reached between those who advocate precision as a measure, due partially to its ability to be easily measurable empirically, and those who advocate consideration of recall. Several cases of the normal and Poisson distributions for the variable Z are discussed in terms of their implications for the Neyman‐Pearson decision rule. It is seen that when the variances are unequal, the Swets rule of retrieving a document if its Z value is large enough is not optimal. Finally, the situation of precision and recall not being inversely related is shown to be possible under certain conditions. Thus, this paper attempts to extend the understanding of the theoretical foundations of the decision theory approach to information retrieval.
Evaluating scientific journals with Journal Citation Reports — a case study in acoustics
Authors: Cawkell A. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe new edition of Journal Citation Reports (JCR), based on a complete year of 1974 data, extends the scope of the preliminary edition which was based on one quarter year of 1969 data. It is published as a bound companion volume to the 1975 Science Citation Index (SCI) and lists 1974 citing journals and the earlier journals cited by them. Some 2,400 1974 citing journals are covered and these journals contained about 4.2 million references to earlier journal items. For each journal JCR shows the total number of citations received by 1972 and 1973 volumes, and by all years. It also shows the number of articles published in the cited journal in 1972 and 1973‐that is the articles available for citing in those years. From this data the impact factor is calculated—the average number of 1972/1973 citations received by each 1972/1973 article. This discounts the effect of size (larger journals receive more citations). JCR also shows the number of articles published in each cited journal during 1974, and the number of 1974 citations to them from all other journals. The immediacy index is the average number of times each 1974 article was cited in 1974. Finally JCR shows, for each journal, the journals which cite it most heavily, and the journals which it cites most heavily.
Cost‐effectiveness comparison of manual and on‐line retrospective bibliographic searching
Authors: Elchesen Dennis R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study to compare the cost effectiveness of retrospective manual and on‐line bibliographic searching is described. Forty search queries were processed against seven abstracting‐indexing publications and the corresponding SDC/ORBIT data bases. Equivalent periods of coverage and searcher skill levels were used for both search modes. Separate task times were measured for question analysis, searching, photocopying, shelving, and output distribution. Component costs were calculated for labor, information, reproduction, equipment, physical space, and telecommunications. Results indicate that on‐line searching is generally faster, less costly, and more effective than manual searching. However, for certain query/information‐source combinations, manual searching may offer some advantages in precision and turn‐around time. The results of a number of related studies are reviewed.
Automatic indexing of pathology data
Authors: Dunham George S. , Pacak Milos G. , Pratt Arnold W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA procedure for automated indexing of pathology diagnostic reports at the National Institutes of Health is described. Diagnostic statements in medical English are encoded by computer into the Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology (SNOP). SNOP is a structured indexing language constructed by pathologists for manual indexing. It is of interest that effective automatic encoding can be based upon an existing vocabulary and code designed for manual methods. Morphosyntactic analysis, a simple syntax analysis, matching of dictionary entries consisting of several words, and synonym substitutions are techniques utilized.
Ad hoc and selective translations of scientific and technical journal articles: Their characteristics and possible predictability
Authors: Anderson James D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTranslation is identified as the most widely used method for overcoming the foreign language barrier. After defining the varieties of translation, a study of ad hoc and selective translations of scientific and technical journal articles is described. On the basis of two random samples, one of translated and one of untranslated foreign language articles, the differences between translated and untranslated articles, with respect to original language, subject, number of references, number of authors, and frequency with which their authors are cited in other works, are presented and discussed. Finally, the possibility of using the differences between translated and untranslated articles for predicting the future need for ad hoc or selective translations is explored.