bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoradiographic evidence of sex steroid receptors in laryngeal tissues of the baboon (papio cynocephalus)
Authors: Aufdemorte Thomas B. , Sheridan Peter J. , Holt G. Richard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA number of studies have implicated the gonadal steroids as significant factors in laryngeal development and disease. In addition, antiandrogens are receiving limited trials in the treatment of laryngeal carcinoma. However, there is little experimental data to document the presence, and more specifically the location of receptors for the sex steroid hormones in the larynx. The purpose of this study is to provide such data. Utilizing an autoradiographic technique, tissues from baboons injected with tritiated estradiol (3H‐E2) or dihydrotestosterone testosterone (3H‐DHT) were examined and analyzed. The data gathered confirmed that the larynx is rich in receptors for these steroids and that there are specific patterns of distribution of receptor positive cells. The vocalis muscle and other mesenchymal tissues contained the largest number of receptors, while ciliated columnar and stratified squamous epithelium were negative. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Pediatric temporal bone fractures
Authors: Williams William T. , Ghorayeb Bechara Y. , Yeakley Joel W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty‐seven temporal bone fractures in 25 pediatric patients were evaluated over a 6‐year period. The diagnosis was confirmed with otoscopy and high‐resolution computed tomography scans (HRCT). Three‐dimensional reconstruction of high‐resolution computed tomography scans were used to aid in the diagnosis. The most common fracture was an oblique fracture which is oriented in an axial or horizontal plane with the temporal bone. Facial nerve paralysis was found in 6 of our patients, which is less than the expected incidence when compared to adults. Hearing loss was found in 24 patients, the most common of which was conductive hearing loss, which had a higher incidence than expected when compared with adults.
Noise‐induced hearing loss in children
Authors: Brookhouser Patrick E. , Worthington Don W. , Kelly William J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOccupational noise exposure remains the most commonly identified cause of noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL), but potentially hazardous noise can be encountered during leisure‐time activities. NIHL in the pediatric population has received scant attention. This study focuses on 114 children and adolescents (ages 19 and under: 90.3% males) who were diagnosed as having probable NIHL on the basis of history and audiometric configuration. In 42 children the loss was unilateral, while the remaining 72 had sensorineural losses of varying configurations in the contralateral ear. The mean age of referral for evaluation was 12.7 years (range 1.2 to 19.8, SD 4.21), although 26% of these losses were diagnosed in children aged 10 years and younger. Such irreversible, but potentially preventable losses, should be given high priority on the public health agenda. Comprehensive, age‐appropriate educational programs must be developed for elementary and secondary students and their parents to acquaint them with potentially hazardous noise sources in their environment.
Effects of denervation on laryngeal muscles: A canine model
Authors: Shindo Maisie L. , Herzon Garrett D. , Hanson David G. , Cain Donald J. , Sahgal Vinod 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to chronologically evaluate the changes in function and histomorphometry of denervated laryngeal muscles. In 14 adult mongrel dogs, a 2.5‐cm segment of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve was excised. Videolaryngoscopy and electromyography were performed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 months under intravenous sedation. The animals were then killed, and the laryngeal muscles were processed for histochemical reactions. The mean muscle fiber diameter, standard deviation, and muscle fiber type composition were determined. The findings indicate that, following recurrent laryngeal nerve sectioning, the canine intrinsic laryngeal muscles undergo denervation atrophy for approximately 3 months, after which reinnervation occurs. The source of reinnervation appears to be from regenerated nerve fibers of the sectioned recurrent laryngeal nerve. The nerve fibers nonselectively reinnervated the abductor and adductor muscles of the larynx.
Effects of bacterial endotoxin applied to the guinea pig cochlea
Authors: Darrow David H. , Keithley Elizabeth M. , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe ototoxic potential of bacterial endotoxin present in middle ear effusions was evaluated by inoculating endotoxin solutions of 10 μg/mL or 1000 μg/mL directly into the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea. Median auditory brainstem response threshold shifts of 12.5 and 20 dB were observed in the experimental ears exposed to the higher dose at days 2 and 4, respectively, with gradual improvement to near baseline by day 28. Histologic examination revealed inflammatory infiltrates in the scala tympani and scala vestibuli of several of these cochleas. The lower concentration, closer to that found in human effusions, elicited no significant loss of hearing and a milder inflammatory response. It is concluded that brief exposure of the cochlea to endotoxin from middle ear effusions is insufficient to cause hearing loss. Under chronic conditions, however, persistent inflammation within the cochlea may result in a sensorineural deficit.
S‐100 protein in human inner ear: Use of a novel immunohistochemical technique on routinely processed, celloidin‐embedded human temporal bone sections
Authors: Shi Shan‐Rong , Tandon Atul K. , Coté Catherine , Kalra Krishan L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors recently developed a new antigen retrieval technique which allows immunohistochemical detection of proteins in routinely processed, celloidin‐embedded human temporal bone sections. This technique was used in the present study, which reports the occurrence of S‐100 protein in the human inner ear. Fifteen celloidin‐embedded human temporal bone sections, obtained from the Eastern Temporal Bone Bank at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, were tested with the monoclonal antibody to S‐100. This protein was found in the spiral ligament, in Reissner's membrane, in the spiral limbus, and in the basement membrane of the cochlea. S‐100‐positive, thin fibers could be seen as supporting elements in the acoustic nerve and the facial nerve. This protein was localized along the surface of vestibular wall. The new technique provides an immunohistochemical approach to studying routinely processed human temporal bone sections and may prove useful in the field of immuno‐otopathology.
Laryngeal chondrosarcomas: A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases, including two “dedifferentiated” chondrosarcomas
Authors: Brandwein Margaret , Moore Sandra , Som Peter , Biller Hugh 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngeal chondrosarcomas are uncommon, and those that contain a distinct, nonchondroid, high'grade spindle cell sarcoma (the so'called “dedifferentiated” chondrosarcoma or chondrosarcoma with additional malignant mesenchymal component [CAMMC]) are extremely rare. Laryngeal CAMMC merit special attention, as CAMMC in other sites portends a poor prognosis. Eleven patients with laryngeal chondrosarcomas are reported on; 2 of these patients had CAMMC.On follow'up, 3 of the 11 patients had recurrences. The first had recurrence 4 and 11 years after tumor enucleation; that patient died disease free 2 years after salvage total laryngectomy. The second had recurrence 2 years after partial laryngectomy and was lost to follow'up after salvage total laryngectomy. The last patient recurred 13 years after partial laryngectomy and underwent salvage total laryngectomy; that patient was one of the two who developed CAMMC, and he also developed stomal recurrence of the “dedifferentiated” component 3 years after total laryngectomy. The other 8 patients are disease free after partial laryngectomy (6) or total laryngectomy (2) 10 months to 12 years later (mean: 51 months). This includes the 1 other patient with CAMMC, who is disease free 60 months after total laryngectomy.Laryngeal CAMMC has been shown, in at least one of the two patients, to be associated with a poor outcome. Patients with recurrent laryngeal chondrosarcomas do not have a poorer outcome after salvage total laryngectomy. The authors advocate partial laryngectomy if technically feasible.
Effectiveness of salvage neck dissection for advanced regional metastases when induction chemotherapy and radiation are used for organ preservation
Authors: Wolf Gregory T. , Fisher Susan G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe recently completed VA Cooperative Study (CSP #268) of induction chemotherapy (cisplatin/5‐FU) and definitive radiation (6600 to 7600 cGy) for organ preservation in advanced (stage III or IV) laryngeal cancer demonstrated that, although larynx preservation could be achieved in 64% of randomized patients, overall survival rates were not improved over conventional treatment (surgery/postoperative radiation). Of 166 patients randomized to induction chemotherapy, 46 had N2 or N3 disease and were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the organ preservation treatment strategy on control of neck disease and survival. The clinical response of neck metastases to induction chemotherapy was significantly associated with subsequent salvage neck dissection (P = .008). The overall death rate was increased (P = .014) and survival time decreased in patients with less than a complete response in the neck after chemotherapy (P = .15). This was related primarily to failure to control the disease in the neck. The overall survival of patients achieving a complete response in the neck was improved over the randomized group of N2 or N3 patients treated with primary surgery. The findings suggest that response of neck nodes should be assessed independently of primary tumor response in trials of organ preservation strategies using induction chemotherapy, and that failure to achieve a clinical complete response in the neck warrants planned early salvage neck dissection in order to achieve improved overall survival.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Treatment results with primary radiation therapy
Authors: Bailet Jeffrey W. , Mark Rufus J. , Abemayor Elliot , Lee Steve P. , Tran Liu M. , Juillard Guy , Ward Paul H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne hundred three patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with radiotherapy at UCLA Medical Center from January 1955 to December 1990. Overall survival, disease‐free survival, and local control rates were analyzed. In addition, survival from 1955 to 1978 and from 1979 to 1990 were evaluated. Overall 5‐ and 10‐year actuarial survival rates for all patients were 58% and 47%, respectively. Disease‐free survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 45% and 30%, respectively. Local, persistent, or recurrent disease in the nasopharynx was the primary cause of failure, occurring in 32% of patients and correlating with the initial tumor size (T stage). Twenty‐four percent of patients developed distant metastases, which correlated with nodal status but not with T stage. Seventy‐nine percent of patients failed either locally or distally by 4 years. Sex, race, age, and T and N stage categories were evaluated as prognostic variables in terms of survival. Control of primary disease is important in determining long‐term outcome. Modern imaging techniques have greatly assisted in the evaluation of disease extent and treatment options.
Cochleovestibular nerve compression syndrome. II. Vestibular nerve histopathology and theory of pathophysiology
Authors: Schwaber Mitchell K. , Whetsell William O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to systematically examine and characterize pathological changes in vestibular nerve specimens obtained at surgery in patients with symptomatic cochleovestibular nerve compression syndrome (CNCS). Vestibular nerves were obtained in six cases of CNCS and were intermingled with vestibular nerves obtained in cases of Meniere's disease. All of the nerve specimens were coded and reviewed microscopically in a blind‐study fashion by the neuropathologist. The vestibular nerves obtained from CNCS cases showed significant endoneurial fibrosis, compared to controls (specimens from patients with Meniere's disease). Based on observations in this study, as well as the clinical symptoms and audiovestibular test findings in these patients, a theory of pathophysiology in CNCS of the cochleovestibular nerve is proposed. The implications of this theory are discussed with respect to the diagnosis of CNCS.
Presence of urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA) in tissue extracts of antrochoanal polyp
Authors: Yamashiro Yutaka , Nakamura Mariko , Huang Guang‐Wu , Kosugi Tadayoshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsing a biochemical technique, the authors characterized and identified a plasminogen activator (PA) derived from tissue extracts of antrochoanal polyp (AP) and paranasal mucous membrane (PMM) with chronic sinusitis. The results of fibrin zymography indicated that the tissue extracts of AP revealed two lytic zones and that those of PMM revealed a single lytic zone on fibrin‐agarose plates. One of the AP zones exhibited the same relative mobility as the PMM zone (molecular weight: 65 kd), while the other AP zone had a smaller molecular weight (about 54 kd). Goat immunoglobulin G (IgG) fraction of antihuman uterine tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) inhibited the 65‐kd lytic zones of AP and PMM. Anti‐human low‐molecular‐weight urokinase inhibited only the 54‐kd lytic zone of AP, and nonspecific goat IgG failed to inhibit any of the lytic zones. On the other hand, 10−2 mol trans 4‐(aminomethyl)cyclohexane‐carboxylic acid (t‐AMCHA) inhibited all of the lytic zones. No lytic zones could be observed on plasminogen‐free fibrin‐agarose plates. These findings confirmed that the tissue extracts of PMM contained t‐PA, and that those of AP contained both t‐PA and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (u‐PA). In addition, it appeared that u‐PA in inflammatory tissue was related to proliferative changes of the mucous membrane.
The effect of unilateral and bilateral nasal obstruction on snoring and sleep apnea
Authors: Miljeteig Harald , Hoffstein Victor , Cole Philip 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare apnea and snoring in patients with different patterns of nasal resistance: normal, high unilateral, and high bilateral. The authors examined 683 unselected patients referred for evaluation of snoring and possible sleep apnea. All patients had determination of nasal resistance (performed during wakefulness in the seated posture) and nocturnal polysomnography including quantitative measurement of snoring. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in apnea and snoring indices among the three nasal resistance groups (normal, high unilateral, and high bilateral). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the frequency of patients with different severity of apnea and snoring among the three groups. It is concluded that 1. unilateral and bilateral elevation of nasal resistance may lead to equally severe snoring or apnea; 2. there is no direct relationship between awake seated nasal resistance measurement and sleep disordered breathing; and 3. measurements of supine nasal resistance during sleep may be required to elucidate the relationship between sleep‐disordered breathing and nasal obstruction.
Cholesteatoma in the pediatric population: Prognostic indicators for surgical decision making
Authors: Stern Scott J. , Fazekas‐May Mary 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA review of surgical therapy for pediatric cholesteatoma at the Arkansas Children's Hospital was performed. Fifty‐three children treated surgically for cholesteatoma were studied over a 10‐year period. Primary acquired, or attic retraction cholesteatomas, were generally treated with a canal up tympanomastoidectomy; there were very few complications or secondary procedures in this group. Middle ear or secondary acquired cholesteatomas were initially treated by both canal up and canal down procedures; however, a large percentage of these patients eventually required an open cavity procedure. The presence of cholesteatoma in the sinus tympani strongly predicted failure to control disease with a canal up procedure (P < .05); conversely, the absence of matrix in the sinus tympani was predictive for success when a canal up procedure was used for attic cholesteatoma (P < .05). Finally, it was determined that follow‐up was not adequate in our patient population. With this in mind, guidelines for the management of pediatric cholesteatoma will be presented.
Shult sets and translation ovoids of the Hermitian surface
Authors: Cossidente A , Ebert G. L , Marino G , Siciliano A 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Starting with carefully chosen sets of points in the Desarguesian affine plane AG(2; q
2) and using an idea first formulated by E. Shult, several infinite families of translation ovoids of the Hermitian surface are constructed. Various connections with locally Hermitian 1-spreads of 𝒬−(5, q) and semifield spreads of PG(3, q) are also discussed. Finally, geometric characterization results are developed for the translation ovoids arising in the so-called classical and semiclassical settings.
Hertzian Fracture, Kinetic Friction and the Mechanical Impact LOX Compatibility Testing of Polymers and Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Gerzeski R 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA cascade of probabilistic mechanisms is proposed to better understand the 72 ft-lbs mechanical impact in liquid oxygen ignition threshold sensitivity testing of polymeric and polymer matrix composite materials. This model teams the well established and understood mechanisms of Hertzian fracture and kinetic friction. In conjunction they explain the mechanical fracturing of the specimen and the very rapid transformation of the test's mechanical energy into temperature rising heat energy. The model also provides the first explanation for the random probabilistic occurrence or nonoccurrence of ignitions in tested materials.
A New Concept for Leak Testing Environmental Enclosure Filtration Systems
Authors: Organiscak JA , Schmitz M 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA method (patent pending) has been developed to determine the quality of environmental cab filtration systems. This method utilizes specially configured filter cartridges to remove carbon dioxide from the ambient air with the environmental cab's air filtration system. A real-time gas monitor is placed inside an unoccupied cab with the filtration system running to time decay the carbon dioxide to its lowest concentration or equilibrium level. The outside carbon dioxide concentration level can be measured concurrently with another gas monitor or with the same inside cab gas monitor during a representative period before and after the inside sampling is conducted. Cab filtration system leakage is comparatively deduced from the difference between the special cartridge filter efficiency and overall cab efficiency. Laboratory trials have illustrated that desirable high efficiency test filter configurations (greater than 99 % efficiency) can be devised, but have air quantity and test time limitations. These trials also demonstrated that CO2 penetration was reflective of controlled air leaks around a high efficiency filter under equilibrium conditions. This report examines the elements of this patent pending method.
Anonymous IV as an Informant on the Craft of Music Writing
Authors: HAINES JOHN 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT
For the 13th-century music writer known as Anonymous IV, the craft of music writing was a primary literary concern, though one virtually ignored by previous modern writers on music. The importance of music writing to Anonymous IV is evident from the variety and quantity of references in his treatise, many of which are found in its central second chapter. This information-rich chapter includes a history of music notation and a miniature handbook for music scribes. The Anonymous is indebted to the then recent surge in production of how-to manuals of all kinds; his miniature handbook for music scribes partakes of their style and vocabulary. This practical work of Anonymous IV is tied to the revival of Euclidean geometry in the liberal arts curriculum at Paris. The specialized geometric terms he uses are attested in numerous sources, including student handbooks from the university. It is possible that the anonymous writer came under the spell of Roger Bacon, also an Englishman at the University of Paris in the late 13th century, whose writing and pedagogy reveal several similarities with the music treatise of Anonymous IV.
Trismus‐pseudocamptodactyly syndrome is caused by recurrent mutation of MYH8
Authors: Toydemir Reha M. , Chen Harold , Proud Virginia K. , Martin Rick , van Bokhoven Hans , Hamel Ben C. J. , Tuerlings Joep H. , Stratakis Constantine A. , Jorde Lynn B. , Bamshad Michael J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTrismus‐pseudocamptodactyly syndrome (TPS) is a rare autosomal dominant distal arthrogryposis (DA) characterized by an inability to open the mouth fully (trismus) and an unusual camptodactyly of the fingers that is apparent only upon dorsiflexion of the wrist (i.e., pseudocamptodactyly). TPS is also known as Dutch‐Kentucky syndrome because a Dutch founder mutation is presumed to be the origin of TPS cases in the Southeast US, including Kentucky. To date only a single mutation, p.R674Q, in MYH8 has been reported to cause TPS. Several individuals with this mutation also had a so‐called “variant” of Carney complex, suggesting that the pathogenesis of TPS and Carney complex might be shared. We screened MYH8 in four TPS pedigrees, including the original Dutch family in which TPS was reported. All four TPS families shared the p.R674Q substitution. However, haplotype analysis revealed that this mutation has arisen independently in North American and European TPS pedigrees. None of the individuals with TPS studied had features of Carney complex, and p.R674Q was not found in 49 independent cases of Carney complex that were screened. Our findings show that distal arthrogryposis syndromes share a similar pathogenesis and are, in general, caused by disruption of the contractile complex of muscle. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frontonasal malformation, first branchial arch anomalies, congenital heart defect, and severe central nervous system involvement: A possible “new” autosomal recessive syndrome?
Authors: Guion‐Almeida Maria Leine , Richieri‐Costa A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHere we report on a girl presenting with midline cleft lip/palate, prominent forehead, macrocephaly, first branchial arch anomalies, and tetralogy of Fallot. Imaging studies showed polymicrogyria, enlarged ventricles with a large cystic lesion extending postero‐superiorly over the cerebellum, abnormally modeled cerebellum, and congenital aqueductal stenosis. To our knowledge, this combination of clinical signs involving the frontonasal process, midline lip clefting, congenital heart malformation, and severe CNS developmental abnormalities has not previously been reported. Clinical, imaging data, as well as differential diagnosis are discussed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitramine, 17. Mitt. Alkyl‐arylmethyl‐nitramine
Authors: Unterhalt Bernard , Mohr Rolf , Thamer Dieter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Darstellung der Alkyl‐benzyl‐nitramine 3, 5 und 6, des Benzhydryl‐methyl‐nitramins (7) sowie des Methyl‐triphenylmethyl‐nitramins (9) wird beschrieben; die Diazen‐oxide 8 und 11 werden charakterisiert.