bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid arthritis association with the FCRL3 –169C polymorphism is restricted to PTPN22 1858T–homozygous individuals in a Canadian population
Authors: Newman William G. , Zhang Qing , Liu Xiangdong , Walker Erin , Ternan Heather , Owen Julie , Johnson Ben , Greer Wenda , Mosher Dianne P. , Maksymowych Walter P. , Bykerk Vivian P. , Keystone Edward C. , Amos Christopher I. , Siminovitch Katherine A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveVariants in genes encoding the Fc receptor–like 3 (FcRL‐3) and the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) transactivator proteins have been associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Japanese and Nordic populations, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate these associations in a Canadian Caucasian cohort of RA cases and healthy controls.MethodsA total of 1,187 RA patients and 462 healthy controls were genotyped for FCRL3 and MHC2TA gene variants associated with RA. Epistasis between the FCRL3 –169C and the PTPN22 1858T variants was also examined.ResultsAn association was detected between RA and both the FCRL3 –169C allele (OR 1.19, P = 0.023) and the homozygous genotype (OR 1.41, P = 0.027), but association of the MHC2TA promoter region variant (–168G) with RA was not replicated. Stratification of the RA cohort by PTPN22 genotypes revealed the FCRL3 risk variant and RA association was stronger in the patient subgroup lacking PTPN22 1858T variants (P = 0.004) and was not detectable in the subgroup with PTPN22 1858T variants (P = 0.52). The PTPN22 association with RA was greater in the absence than in the presence of the FCRL3 –169C allele (P = 0.0008 versus P = 0.001). The PTPN22 1858T variant also increased the risk of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in the RA patients, whereas the FCRL3 risk variant was protective against AITD.ConclusionOur findings support an association of RA with an FCRL3 functional polymorphism and reveal that this association is stronger in the absence of PTPN22 risk genotypes. These findings support a genetic heterogeneity across RA populations, suggesting that both the FCRL3 and PTPN22 genes play roles in RA susceptibility, but in different individuals.
Fear avoidance and prognosis in back pain: A systematic review and synthesis of current evidence
Authors: Pincus Tamar , Vogel Steven , Burton A. Kim , Santos Rita , Field Andy P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveFear of pain, which is hypothesized to result in avoidance behavior, has been described as an obstacle to recovery in populations of patients with low back pain. However, the evidence to support the link between high levels of fear at early stages of pain and poor prognosis has yet to be systematically assessed. We undertook this review to explore current evidence and to propose further development of theoretical models.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review of all prospective inception cohorts of patients with acute low back pain that measured fear of pain (often described as fear avoidance) at baseline.ResultsWe reviewed 9 studies reported between 2001 and 2006. Several of these had acceptable/good methodology. Three studies, of which at least 1 had excellent methodology, showed no link between measures of fear at baseline and poor prognosis in the short term (3 months) or the long term (12 months). Three studies with acceptable methodology showed weak evidence for such a link, but the effect sizes were small. The only study with acceptable methodology to find a clear link suggested that fear of movement was linked to long‐term pain.ConclusionDespite the prevalent focus on fear of pain at early stages of back pain, there is little evidence to link such fear states with poor prognosis. There is some evidence to suggest that fear may play a role when pain has become persistent. There is a growing consensus that distress/depression plays an important role at early stages, and clinicians should focus on these factors.
The functional variant of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIb (CD32B) is associated with the rate of radiologic joint damage and dendritic cell function in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Radstake Timothy R. D. J. , Franke Barbara , Wenink Mark H. , Nabbe Karin C. A. M. , Coenen Marieke J. H. , Welsing Paco , Bonvini Ezio , Koenig Scott , Berg Wim B. van den , Barrera Pilar , van Riel Piet L. C. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveFcγ receptors (FcγRs) recognize immune complexes (ICs) and coordinate the immune response by modulating the functions of dendritic cells (DCs). The purpose of this study was to unravel the role of the inhibitory FcγRIIb in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by studying the effect of the FCGR2B 695T>C polymorphism on susceptibility to RA, severity of the disease, and DC function.MethodsGenotyping was performed in RA patients (n = 246) and healthy blood donors (n = 269). The patients' demographic data, disease severity, and disease progression were assessed over a followup of 6 years. DCs were cultured for flow cytometry to determine the expression of FcγRs. For detection of FcγRIIb (CD32B), a unique anti‐FcγRIIb antibody (2B6–fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]) was used. The capacity for antigen uptake by DCs was studied by assessing the uptake of FITC‐labeled ICs. Levels of cytokine production by DCs were measured during lipopolysaccharide‐mediated cell activation in the presence and absence of ICs.ResultsAlthough no role of the FCGR2B variant in RA susceptibility was demonstrated, this variant was associated with a nearly doubled rate of radiologic joint damage during the first 6 years of RA. Multiple regression analysis showed that FCGR2B was by far the strongest predictor of joint damage identified to date. DCs from patients carrying this variant failed to display the inhibitory phenotype normally observed upon IC‐mediated triggering of inflammation and displayed diminished FcγRII‐mediated antigen uptake compared with wild‐type DCs. However, the levels of FcγRs were not affected, suggesting that the FCGR2B variant alters the function rather than regulation of proteins.ConclusionThis study is the first to show that a single genetic variant, the FCGR2B 695T>C polymorphism, is a critical determinant of disease severity in RA and radically changes DC behavior. Our results underscore the key role of DCs in the progression of RA and reveal FcγRIIb as an important potential therapeutic target in RA and other autoimmune conditions.
Immunohistochemical evidence of a cytokine and chemokine network in three patients with Erdheim‐Chester disease: Implications for pathogenesis
Authors: Stoppacciaro Antonella , Ferrarini Marina , Salmaggi Chiara , Colarossi Cristina , Praderio Luisa , Tresoldi Moreno , Beretta Angelo A. , Sabbadini Maria Grazia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveErdheim‐Chester disease (ECD) is a rare form of non–Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) of unknown etiology, characterized by diffuse histiocyte infiltration of bones and soft tissue. The purpose of this study was to assess cell proliferation and expression of cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors that may potentially be important in histiocyte accumulation in ECD lesions.MethodsBiopsies were performed on 3 patients with ECD. The diagnosis of the disease was based on clinical signs including typical radiologic osteosclerosis, and on the detection of foamy CD68+,CD1a− non–Langerhans' cell histiocytes on histologic examination. The expression of the proliferation marker Ki‐67 as well as of selected chemokine/chemokine receptor pairs and cytokines was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn all samples, Ki‐67 was undetectable in CD68+ histiocytes. Conversely, these cells expressed the chemokines CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1), CCL4/macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP‐1β), CCL5/RANTES, CCL20/MIP‐3α, and CCL19/MIP‐3β, and their counter‐receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6, and CCR7. Moreover, ECD histiocytes expressed interferon‐γ–inducible 10‐kd protein (CXCL10), which is specifically induced by interferon‐γ, and interleukin‐6 and RANKL, which are both implicated in bone remodeling. Finally, all cases showed a Th1‐type lymphocyte infiltrate.ConclusionOur data indicate that, similar to LCH, ECD lesions are characterized by a complex cytokine and chemokine network, which may orchestrate histiocyte activation and accumulation through an autocrine loop and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Structure of the impact factor of journals included in the Social Sciences Citation Index: Citations from documents labeled “editorial material”
Authors: González Lidia , Campanario Juan Miguel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe investigated how citations from documents labeled by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) as “editorial material” contribute to the impact factor of academic journals in which they were published. Our analysis is based on records corresponding to the documents classified by the ISI as editorial material published in journals covered by the Social Sciences Citation Index between 1999 and 2003 (50,273 records corresponding to editorial material published in 2,374 journals). The results appear to rule out widespread manipulation of the impact factor by academic journals publishing large amounts of editorial material with many citations to the journal itself as a strategy to increase the impact factor.
Development of measures of online privacy concern and protection for use on the Internet
Authors: Buchanan Tom , Paine Carina , Joinson Adam N. , Reips Ulf‐Dietrich 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAs the Internet grows in importance, concerns about online privacy have arisen. The authors describe the development and validation of three short Internet‐administered scales measuring privacy‐related attitudes (Privacy Concern) and behaviors (General Caution and Technical Protection). In Study 1, 515 people completed an 82‐item questionnaire from which the three scales were derived. In Study 2, scale validity was examined by comparing scores of individuals drawn from groups considered likely to differ in privacy‐protective behaviors. In Study 3, correlations between the scores on the current scales and two established measures of privacy concern were examined. The authors conclude that these scales are reliable and valid instruments suitable for administration via the Internet, and present them for use in online privacy research.
Using the h‐index to rank influential British researchers in information science and librarianship
Authors: Oppenheim Charles 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe recently developed h‐index has been applied to the literature produced by senior British‐based academics in librarianship and information science. The majority of those evaluated currently hold senior positions in UK information science and librarianship departments; however, a small number of staff in other departments and retired “founding fathers” were analyzed as well. The analysis was carried out using the Web of Science (Thomson Scientific, Philadelphia, PA) for the years from 1992 to October 2005, and included both second‐authored papers and self‐citations. The top‐ranking British information scientist, Peter Willett, has an h‐index of 31. However, it was found that Eugene Garfield, the founder of modern citation studies, has an even higher h‐index of 36. These results support other studies suggesting that the h‐index is a useful tool in the armory of bibliometrics.
Relevance judgment in epistemic and hedonic information searches
Authors: Xu Yunjie 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResearch in information science now regards users' relevance judgment as subjective perception. However, user‐centered studies in the extant literature mainly focus on relevance judgment in problem solving contexts in which the situational relevance of a document is the main concern for users. This study investigates users' relevance judgment in non‐problem‐solving contexts, i.e., when users search information for epistemic value or entertainment. It is posited that informative relevance and affective relevance should be the main concerns for users. Based on H. P. Grice's (1975, 1989) communication theory and Y. Xu and Z. Chen's (2006) framework, this study tests the significance of topicality, novelty, reliability, understandability, and scope to informative relevance and affective relevance in non‐problem‐solving contexts. This empirical study finds novelty, reliability, and topicality to be key aspects of informative relevance.
Which factors explain the Web impact of scientists' personal homepages?
Authors: Barjak Franz , Li Xuemei , Thelwall Mike 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn recent years, a considerable body of Webometric research has used hyperlinks to generate indicators for the impact of Web documents and the organizations that created them. The relationship between this Web impact and other, offline impact indicators has been explored for entire universities, departments, countries, and scientific journals, but not yet for individual scientists—an important omission. The present research closes this gap by investigating factors that may influence the Web impact (i.e., inlink counts) of scientists' personal homepages. Data concerning 456 scientists from five scientific disciplines in six European countries were analyzed, showing that both homepage content and personal and institutional characteristics of the homepage owners had significant relationships with inlink counts. A multivariate statistical analysis confirmed that full‐text articles are the most linked‐to content in homepages. At the individual homepage level, hyperlinks are related to several offline characteristics. Notable differences regarding total inlinks to scientists' homepages exist between the scientific disciplines and the countries in the sample. There also are both gender and age effects: fewer external inlinks (i.e., links from other Web domains) to the homepages of female and of older scientists. There is only a weak relationship between a scientist's recognition and homepage inlinks and, surprisingly, no relationship between research productivity and inlink counts. Contrary to expectations, the size of collaboration networks is negatively related to hyperlink counts. Some of the relationships between hyperlinks to homepages and the properties of their owners can be explained by the content that the homepage owners put on their homepage and their level of Internet use; however, the findings about productivity and collaborations do not seem to have a simple, intuitive explanation. Overall, the results emphasize the complexity of the phenomenon of Web linking, when analyzed at the level of individual pages.
Relativistic Fe line emission and highly photoionized absorption in GROJ1655‐40
Authors: Díaz Trigo M. , Parmar A. , Miller J. M. , Kuulkers E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe report on two XMM‐Newton and simultaneous INTEGRAL observations of the microquasar GRO J1655‐40 during its 2005 outburst. The source was most probably in its high‐soft state during both observations. There is evidence for the presence of both a relativistically broadened Fe line providing strong support for the existence of a spinning black hole, and a highly photo‐ionized absorber. The photo‐ionized absorber is responsible for strong K absorption lines of Fe XXV and Fe XXVI in the EPIC pn spectra. The parameters of the highly‐ionized absorber were different during the two observations. A less ionized absorber is present in the second observation, where the 0.5–200 keV luminosity of GRO J1655‐40 decreased by around a half. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Variability of the Fe K line relativistic component in a sample of Seyfert 1 galaxies
Authors: De Marco B. , Cappi M. , Dadina M. , Palumbo G. G. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present the analysis of X‐ray spectral variability made on a sample of 7 Seyfert 1 bright galaxies, using XMM‐Newton data. From the “XMM‐Newton Science Archive” we selected those bright Seyfert 1 showing one or more prominent flares in their 2–10 keV light curves. For each of them we extracted spectra in 3 different time intervals: before, during and after the flare. We fitted them with a simple power law and then shifted a narrow emission and absorption line template across the 2.5–10 keV data, in order to investigate the presence of line‐like features with a confidence level greater than 99%. Some highly significant features were detected in 3 out of 7 sources studied. In particular, the 3 sources, namely PG 1211+143, NGC 4051 and NGC 3783, showed the presence of a variable emission feature in the 4.5–5.8 keV band, characterized by an increase of its intensity after the flare peak. Because of the observed variability pattern, this feature seems to be ascribable to a reverbered redshifted relativistic component of the Fe K line. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Power spectra from ‘spotted’ accretion discs
Authors: Pecháček T. , Dovčiak M. , Karas V. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe are carrying out a project to calculate power spectra of variability, assuming a model of a ‘spotted’ accretion disc near a black hole. We consider relativistic effects that change photon energy and produce light‐bending and time‐delays acting on the X‐ray signal received by an observer. We assume that the life‐time and the intrinsic emissivity of individual.aring events are described in terms of a simple stochastic process. This allows us to give approximate analytical formulae and compare them with numerical computations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic flares in Active Galactic Nuclei: modeling the iron Kα line
Authors: Goosmann R. W. , Czerny B. , Mouchet M. , Karas V. , Dovčiak M. , Ponti G. , Różańska A. , Dumont A.‐M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe X‐ray spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are complex and vary rapidly in time as seen in recent observations. Magnetic flares above the accretion disk can account for the extreme variability of AGN. They also explain the observed iron Kα fluorescence lines. We present radiative transfer modeling of the X‐ray reflection due to emission from magnetic flares close to the marginally stable orbit. The hard X‐ray primary radiation coming from the flare source illuminates the accretion disk. A Compton reflection/reprocessed component coming from the disk surface is computed for different emission directions. We assume that the density structure remains adjusted to the hydrostatic equilibrium without external illumination because the flare duration is only a quarter‐orbit. The model takes into account the variations of the incident radiation across the hot spot underneath the flare source. The integrated spectrum seen by a distant observer is computed for flares at different orbital phases close to the marginally stable orbit of a Schwarzschild black hole and of a maximally rotating Kerr black hole. The calculations include relativistic and Doppler corrections of the spectra using a ray tracing technique. We explore the practical possibilities to map out the azimuthal irradiation pattern of the inner accretion disks and conclude that the next generation of X‐ray satellites should reveal this structure from iron Kα line profiles and X‐ray lightcurves. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐ray spectra and polarization from accreting black holes: polarization from an orbiting spot
Authors: Dovčiak M. , Karas V. , Matt G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe polarization from a spot orbiting around Schwarzschild and extreme Kerr black holes is studied. We assume different models of local polarization. Firstly, as a toy model we set the local polarization vector either normal to the disc plane, or perpendicular to the toroidal magnetic field. Then we examine the more realistic situation with a spot arising due to the emission from the primary source above the disc. We employ either Rayleigh single scattering or Compton multiple scattering approximations. The time dependence of the degree and angle of polarization during the spot revolution is examined as a function of the observer's inclination angle and black hole angular momentum. The gravitational and Doppler shifts, lensing effect as well as time delays are taken into account. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An ionized disc reflection component for the X‐ray spectrum of NGC 4051 and IRAS13224–3809?
Authors: Ponti G. , Miniutti G. , Fabian A. C. , Cappi M. , Palumbo G. G. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA spectral variability study of the two Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies NGC 4051 and IRAS13224–3809 is presented. Both sources show a high degree of flux and spectral variability. The nuclear emission, lightly absorbed by warm material, has been decomposed into a direct power law emission and an ionized disc reflection plus constant emission from distant material. The ionized disc reflection component does not follow the variations of the primary component. Its flux is linearly correlated with the one of the power law component only at low fluxes, while it is almost constant at medium high‐flux. This behavior is expected when the light bending effect is important. If so, most of the primary emission comes from only a few gravitational radii from the black hole. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Relativistic Fe Kα features in the XMM‐Newton spectrum of the intermediate Seyfert galaxy 4U 1344‐60
Authors: Jiménez‐Bailón E. , Piconcelli E. , Sánchez‐Portal M. , Guainazzi M. , Martocchia A. , Motch M. , Schroder A. , Bianchi S. , Matt G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present the analysis of optical and X‐ray XMM‐Newton data of the source 4U 1344‐60. On the basis of the optical data we propose to classify 4U 1344‐60 as a Seyfert 1.5 galaxy and we measured a redshift value z = 0.012 ± 0.001. The observed X‐ray spectrum is complex. The continuum emission can be described as a power law obscured by two neutral absorption components. 4U 1344‐60 exhibits a broad and skewed iron line at 6.4 keV most likely originated in a few gravitational radius of an accretion disc. The analysis also reveals the presence of two narrow emission line‐like features at ∼4.9 keV and ∼5.3 keV. Assuming that hot spots on the surface of the accretion disc, orbiting very close to the black hole is responsible of these emission lines, the accretion disc would present an inclination of 20° and the active regions would be located in the 6–10 R g radius range. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)