bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association study of polymorphisms in the glutamate transporter genes SLC1A1, SLC1A3, and SLC1A6 with schizophrenia
Authors: Deng Xiangdong , Shibata Hiroki , Takeuchi Naoko , Rachi Shinako , Sakai Mayumi , Ninomiya Hideaki , Iwata Nakao , Ozaki Norio , Fukumaki Yasuyuki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBased on the glutamatergic dysfunction hypothesis for schizophrenia pathogenesis, we have been performing systematic association studies of schizophrenia with the glutamate receptor and transporter genes. We report here association studies of schizophrenia with three glutamate transporter genes SLC1A1, SLC1A3, and SLC1A6 encoding the glutamate transporters EAAT3, EAAT1, and EAAT4, respectively. We initially performed the screening of the total 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed in the three gene regions using 100 out of 400 Japanese cases and 100 out of 420 Japanese controls. After controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) at level 0.05, we observed significant associations of schizophrenia with a genotype of SNP4 (rs2097837, P = 0.007) and with haplotypes of SNP2‐SNP5 (P = 7.5 × 10−5) and SNP3‐SNP5 (P = 9.0 × 10−4) in the SLC1A6 region. The haplotype of SNP2‐SNP5 of SLC1A6 even showed marginally significant association with the disease in the full‐size sample (400 cases and 420 controls, P = 0.031). We concluded that at least one susceptibility locus for schizophrenia may be located within or nearby SLC1A6, whereas SLC1A1 and SLC1A3 are unlikely to be major susceptibility genes for schizophrenia in the Japanese population. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression and parent‐of‐origin effect of the 5‐HT2A receptor gene C102T polymorphism: Analysis of suicidality in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: De Luca Vincenzo , Likhodi Olga , Kennedy James L. , Wong Albert H.C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe serotonin 2A (5‐HT2A) receptor gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of suicidal behavior by a genetic association between the 5‐HT2A C102T silent polymorphism and suicidality in patients with major depression. However, a recent meta‐analysis failed to confirm this association. We developed an improved quantitative assay for the measurement of allele‐specific expression of the 5‐HT2A gene, and find that the ratio of C/T allele expression in the pre‐frontal cortex of heterozygous suicide victims (n = 10) was significantly decreased in comparison with the non‐suicide group (n = 10) (P = 0.049). Because the 5‐HT2A gene is subject to imprinting, the parent‐of‐origin may affect the inheritance of suicidal behavior. Thus we examined the parental origin of specific alleles for genetic association in a genetic family‐based sample of major psychoses in which information on suicidal behavior was available. No association between the 5‐HT2A C102T polymorphism and suicidal behavior in major psychoses was detected with the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT). © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Actimetric evidence that CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP influences sleep and activity patterns in patients affected by bipolar depression
Authors: Benedetti Francesco , Dallaspezia Sara , Fulgosi Mara Cigala , Lorenzi Cristina , Serretti Alessandro , Barbini Barbara , Colombo Cristina , Smeraldi Enrico 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDepressive insomnia and diurnal fluctuations of mood and activity are core clinical features of mood disorders. Here we studied the effect of CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP (rs1801260) on the actimetric recorded diurnal activity and nocturnal sleep of 39 bipolar depressed inpatients. Compared to T/T homozygotes, carriers of the C allele had a similar degree of severity of depression, but showed higher activity levels in the evening, a delayed sleep onset (mean 79 min later), and a reduced amount of sleep during the night (mean 75 min less). Ongoing lithium treatment significantly interacted with rs1801260 by enhancing activity levels in the evening and reducing the differences among genotype groups. Individual characteristics of the molecular clock can influence sleep symptoms in mood disorders. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of Chelatable Mitochondrial Iron by Using Mitochondrion‐Selective Fluorescent Iron Indicators with Different Iron‐Binding Affinities
Authors: Rauen Ursula , Springer Andrea , Weisheit Daniela , Petrat Frank , Korth Hans‐Gert , de Groot Herbert , Sustmann Reiner 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChelatable cellular iron, and chelatable mitochondrial iron in particular, has yet to be well characterized, so the overall strength with which these “loosely bound” iron ions (presumably mainly FeII) are intracellularly/intramitochondrially bound is unclear. We have previously reported the first selective mitochondrial iron indicator: rhodamine B 4‐[(1,10‐phenanthrolin‐5‐yl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl ester (RPA). With this compound as a model, we have now developed two additional mitochondrial iron indicators with very different iron‐binding affinities and have applied these to the study of the chelatable iron pool in the mitochondria of isolated rat liver cells. With the new indicator rhodamine B 4‐[(2,2′‐bipyridin‐4‐yl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl ester (RDA), with 2,2′‐bipyridine as chelating unit (log β3=17.5), essentially the same iron concentration (16.0±1.9 μM) was determined as with RPA (log β3=21.1), despite the four orders of magnitude difference in FeII‐binding affinity. This not only demonstrates the reliability of the procedure, but also confirms that iron complexation by these indicators does not induce any significant release of iron from the iron‐storage proteins on the timescale of the experiment. In contrast, the indicator rhodamine B 4‐[bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)aminomethyl]benzyl ester (PIRO), with anN,N‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amine group as chelating component (log β2=12.2), could not compete against the array of endogenous ligands. The intramitochondrial concentrations of the three indicators were determined to be in the range of 100 μM: that is, about three orders of magnitude lower than the total concentration of endogenous compounds that might chelate iron ions. It is therefore estimated that chelatable mitochondrial iron ions are bound by endogenous ligands with apparent stability constants (log Kapp) of between 9 and 14.
Secondary cytoreductive surgery for localized, recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Salani Ritu , Santillan Antonio , Zahurak Marianna L. , Giuntoli Robert L. , Gardner Ginger J. , Armstrong Deborah K. , Bristow Robert E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of secondary cytoreductive surgery in the outcome of patients who had recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma that was limited to ≤5 recurrence sites within the abdomen or pelvis on preoperative imaging studies and attempt to define selection criteria associated with improved survival, with specific attention to the number of lesions suspicious for recurrent disease.METHODS.Patients who underwent secondary surgical cytoreduction for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer between September 1997 and March 2005 were identified retrospectively from tumor registry databases. Study inclusion criteria required a complete clinical response to primary therapy, ≥12 months between initial diagnosis and recurrence, and ≤5 recurrence sites on preoperative imaging studies. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the effect of clinicopathologic variables on overall postrecurrence survival.RESULTS.Fifty‐five patients met the study inclusion criteria. The median patient age at recurrence was 57.7 years, and the median diagnosis‐to‐recurrence interval was 32 months (range, 12–164 months). Complete cytoreduction was achieved in 41 patients (74.5%). On multivariate analysis, the statistically significant and independent predictors of overall survival were a diagnosis‐to‐recurrence interval ≥18 months (median survival, 49 months vs 3 months; P < .01), the number of radiographic recurrence sites (median survival, 50 months for patients with 1 or 2 sites vs 12 months for patients with 3 to 5 sites; P < .03), and residual disease (median survival, 50 months for patients with no macroscopic residual disease vs 7.2 months for patients with macroscopic residual disease; P < .01). Age, tumor grade, histology, CA‐125 level, ascites, and tumor size were not associated significantly with survival.CONCLUSIONS.The current data supported the definition of localized recurrent ovarian cancer as patients with 1 or 2 radiographic recurrence sites. In this select population, a diagnosis‐to‐recurrence interval ≥18 months and complete secondary surgical cytoreduction, which was achievable in the majority of patients, were associated with a median postrecurrence survival of approximately 50 months. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
A pilot study of the vulnerable elders survey‐13 compared with the comprehensive geriatric assessment for identifying disability in older patients with prostate cancer who receive androgen ablation
Authors: Mohile Supriya G. , Bylow Kathryn , Dale William , Dignam James , Martin Kandis , Petrylak Daniel P. , Stadler Walter M. , Rodin Miriam 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Impairments in geriatric domains adversely affect health outcomes of the elderly. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a key component of the treatment approach for older cancer patients, but it is time consuming. In this pilot study, the authors evaluated the validity of a brief, functionally based screening tool, the Vulnerable Elders Survey‐13 (VES‐13), for identifying older patients with prostate cancer (PCa) with impairment in the oncology clinic setting.METHODS.Patients with PCa aged ≥70 years who actively were receiving androgen ablation treatment and who were followed within the clinics at the University of Chicago were eligible. Patients self‐completed the VES‐13 and CGA instruments and repeated the VES‐13 1 month later. Physical performance and cognitive assessments were administered by a research assistant.RESULTS.Of 50 participating patients, 50% were identified as impaired by the VES‐13 (score ≥3). Sixty percent of patients scored as impaired on ≥2 tests within the CGA, exhibiting deficits in multiple domains. The reliability of the VES‐13 (Pearson correlation coefficient) was 0.92. The cut‐off score of 3 on the VES‐13 had 72.7% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity for CGA deficits and was highly predictive for identifying impairment (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.90). Patients who had mean VES‐13 scores ≥3 performed significantly worse on evaluations of activities of daily living (P = .001), physical performance (P = .002), comorbidity (P = .004), and cognitive impairment (P = .003).CONCLUSIONS.Functional and cognitive impairments are highly prevalent among older patients with PCa who receive androgen ablation in oncology clinics. The current results indicated that the brief VES‐13 performed nearly as well as a conventional CGA in detecting geriatric impairment in this population. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Glutamate AMPA/kainate receptors, not GABAA receptors, mediate estradiol‐induced sex differences in the hypothalamus
Authors: Todd Brigitte J. , Schwarz Jaclyn M. , Mong Jessica A. , McCarthy Margaret M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSex differences in brain morphology underlie physiological and behavioral differences between males and females. During the critical perinatal period for sexual differentiation in the rat, gonadal steroids act in a regionally specific manner to alter neuronal morphology. Using Golgi‐Cox impregnation, we examined several parameters of neuronal morphology in postnatal day 2 (PN2) rats. We found that in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN) and in areas just dorsal and just lateral to the VMN that there was a sex difference in total dendritic spine number (males greater) that was abolished by treating female neonates with exogenous testosterone. Dendritic branching was similarly sexually differentiated and hormonally modulated in the VMN and dorsal to the VMN. We then used spinophilin, a protein that positively correlates with the amount of dendritic spines, to investigate the mechanisms underlying these sex differences. Estradiol, which mediates most aspects of masculinization and is the aromatized product of testosterone, increased spinophilin levels in female PN2 rats to that of males. Muscimol, an agonist at GABAA receptors, did not affect spinophilin protein levels in either male or female neonates. Kainic acid, an agonist at glutamatergic AMPA/kainate receptors, mimicked the effect of estradiol in females. Antagonizing AMPA/kainate receptors with NBQX prevented the estradiol‐induced increase in spinophilin in females but did not affect spinophilin level in males. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Nitric oxide modulates sodium taste via a cGMP‐independent pathway
Authors: Schuppe H. , Cuttle M. , Newland P.L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractInsects, like other animals, require sodium chloride (NaCl) as part of their normal diet and detect it with contact chemoreceptors on the body surface. By adjusting the responsiveness of the chemosensory neurons within these receptors insects can modify the intake of salt and other nutrients, and it has been hypothesized that the responsiveness of chemosensory neurons is regulated by nitric oxide (NO). To identify potential sources of NO in the periphery, the authors applied the NO‐sensitive fluorescent probe 4,5‐diaminofluorescein and the universal NO synthase antibody, and found that in locusts NO is synthesized within one particular class of cells of the epidermis, the glandular cells, from where it may diffuse to neighboring chemosensory neurons. The effects of NO on chemosensory neurons were investigated by recording from contact chemoreceptors on the leg while perfusing it with drugs that interfere with NO signaling. Results showed that both endogenous and exogenous NO decreased the frequency of action potentials in chemosensory neurons in response to stimulation with NaCl by acting via a cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐independent pathway. Variation of the NaCl concentration in the perfusion solution demonstrated that the synthesis of NO in glandular cells depends on the NaCl concentration in the hemolymph. By contrast NO increased the frequency of action potentials in chemosensory neurons in response to sucrose stimulation. The authors suggest that NO released from glandular cells modulates the responsiveness of chemosensory neurons to regulate NaCl intake, and hypothesize that NO may play a key role in the signaling of salt and sugars. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 67: 219–232, 2007.
Nicotine regulates mRNA expression of feeding peptides in the arcuate nucleus in neonatal rat pups
Authors: Huang L.Z. , Winzer‐Serhan U.H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMaternal smoking results in low birth weight. Using a neonatal gastric intubation model corresponding to the third trimester in humans, nicotine, the major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, causes growth retardation in rat pups. Here, we wanted to determine the underlying mechanisms of nicotine's anorexic effects. In adults, body weight and energy expenditure are regulated by the adiposity hormone leptin and the orexigenic peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti‐related peptide (AgRP) and anorexic peptides proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate (Arc) nucleus. Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) could regulate leptin release and/or peptide expression in the Arc. Neonatal rat pups were treated twice daily with nicotine (0.25, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg) from postnatal day 1 to 8 (P1–8). This resulted in an upregulation of heteromeric nAChR binding sites in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and Arc. Nicotine at all three doses significantly reduced body weight gain and increased mRNA expression of NPY, AgRP, and POMC effects, which were blocked by dihydro‐β‐erythroidine (DHβE), an α4β2* nAChR antagonist, but CART expression was unaffected. In contrast, serum leptin levels were significantly increased only by 3 and 1.5 mg/kg, and the increase was only partially blocked by DHβE. These data suggest that in neonates chronic nicotine regulates body weight gain independent from serum leptin levels by a central mechanism involving α4β2* heteromeric nAChRs and stimulated increased expression of the anorexic peptide POMC. Whereas, increased NPY and AgRP expression could be a secondary response to reduction in weight gain. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Development of sex differences in the principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of mice: Role of Bax‐dependent cell death
Authors: Gotsiridze Tina , Kang Ningdong , Jacob Dena , Forger Nancy G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNeuron number in the principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTp) is greater in adult male mice than in females. Deletion of the proapoptotic gene, Bax, increases the number of BNSTp cells in adulthood and eliminates the sex difference in cell number. Here, we map the ontogeny of sex differences in nuclear volume and cell number in the BNSTp of neonatal mice, and evaluate the role of cell death in the development of these differences. We find that BNSTp volume and cell number do not differ between male and female wild‐type mice on postnatal days P3, P5, or P7. Sex differences emerge after the first postnatal week and both measures are significantly greater in males than in females on P9 and P11. Cell death, assessed by TUNEL staining, was observed in the BNSTp of both sexes from P1–P8. Females had more TUNEL‐positive cells than males from approximately P3–P6, with the maximum number of dying cells observed on P5/P6. To test whether the Bax gene is required for sexually dimorphic cell death in the BNSTp, TUNEL cells were counted on P6 in Bax −/− mice and their Bax +/+ siblings. Bax gene deletion nearly abolished TUNEL‐positive cells in the BNSTp of both sexes. Together, these findings support the interpretation that the sex difference in BNSTp cell number seen in adulthood is due to Bax‐dependent, sexually dimorphic cell death during the first week of life. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Costorage of BDNF and neuropeptides within individual dense‐core vesicles in central and peripheral neurons
Authors: Salio C. , Averill S. , Priestley J.V. , Merighi A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSome central and peripheral neurons synthesize brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and, after anterograde transport, release it at synapses. By immunocytochemistry, we examined, in rat and mouse, the subcellular localization of BDNF and BDNF/peptide coexistence, under normal conditions or after intrathecal infusion of nerve growth factor. In dorsal root ganglion neurons and afferent terminals, and in the parabrachial projection to amygdala, we show that BDNF is costored in individual dense‐core vesicles (DCVs) with the neuropeptides calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and substance P. At both locations, nerve endings costoring all three peptides were fairly rare. Remarkably however, costorage occurred in a stoichiometric ratio of 0.7 BDNF:1 CGRP:1 substance P, and DCVs contained 31 (spinal cord) −36 (amygdala) times the amount of BDNF detected in agranular vesicles. This is the first direct demonstration in peripheral and central neurons from two different mammals, that a growth factor is selectively packaged together with neuropeptide transmitters within individual DCVs. It provides structural bases for differential release upon stimulation, and has important implications for understanding BDNF transmitter function. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Selective Palladium‐Catalysed ipso Arylation of α,α‐Disubstituted Benzo[b]thien‐2‐ylmethanols with Aryl Bromides using PCy3 as Ligand
Authors: Bíró A. Beatrix , Kotschy András 
Published: January 2007

Abstractα,α‐Diphenylbenzo[b]thien‐2‐ylmethanol was treated with a series of aryl bromides in the presence of palladium(II) acetate and tricyclohexylphosphane to give the appropriate 2‐aryl‐benzo[b]thiophenes in good to excellent yield with concomitant formation of benzophenone. The reaction wassuccessfully extended to α,α‐diphenylbenzo[b]thien‐3‐ylmethanol, although in certain cases the transformation was biased by concurrent ortho arylation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Long‐term InHM simulations of hydrologic response and sediment transport for the R‐5 catchment
Authors: Heppner Christopher S. , Loague Keith , VanderKwaak Joel E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe physics‐based model known as the Integrated Hydrology Model (InHM) is used to simulate continuous hydrologic response and event‐based sediment transport for the R‐5 catchment (Oklahoma, USA). For the simulations reported herein the R‐5 boundary‐value problem was refined, from that reported by Loague et al. (2005), to include (i) an improved conceptualization of the local hydrogeologic setting, (ii) a more accurate topographical representation of the catchment, (iii) improved boundary conditions for surface‐water outflow, subsurface‐water outflow and evapotranspiration, (iv) improved characterization of surface and subsurface hydraulic parameters and (v) improved initial conditions. The hydrologic‐response simulations were conducted in one‐year periods, for a total of six years. The sediment‐transport simulations were conducted for six selected events. The multi‐year water‐balance results from the hydrologic‐response simulations match the observed aggregate behavior of the catchment. Event hydrographs were generally simulated best for the larger events. Soil‐water content was over‐estimated during dry periods compared with the observed data. The sediment‐transport simulations were more successful in reproducing the total sediment mass than the peak sediment discharge rate. The results from the effort reported here reinforce the contention that comprehensive and detailed datasets are crucial for testing physics‐based hydrologic‐response models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrologic control of waveforms on small meandering rivers
Authors: Phillips R. T. J. , Robert A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSmall river channels within the Humber Basin of Southern Ontario exhibit irregular meandering patterns; however, contemporary river hydrology appears capable of controlling the scale of regular waveform development. Recent changes in river planform are assessed through a bi‐temporal comparison of channel planform using orthorectified aerial photography and statistical analysis of curvature series based on autocorrelation and spectral analysis. Calculated meander wavelengths are acceptable given traditional relationships between wavelength and mean annual flood discharge. It is also evident that changes in stream power are highly correlated with changes in the dominant wavelengths between channel reaches in this study. Gradual development of small scale waveforms following a rare hydrological and geomorphological event in 1954 further confirms that these forms can be attributed to the typical discharge regime. This paper argues that the scaling of wavelengths with discharge can be considered a strong factor controlling planform evolution on some small meandering river systems, despite manifest irregular planforms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.