bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimalisasi Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi : Studi kasus di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Amal Purwakarta
Authors: Suryani Pesi , Sari Isti Diana 
Published: March 2024

Latar belakang: Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) merupakan inisiatif pemerintah untuk menyediakan pendidikan merata dan mengurangi beban biaya pendidikan bagi siswa. Fokusnya adalah meringankan beban keuangan peserta didik, tenaga pendidik, dan orangtua siswa. Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Amal, sebagai subjek penelitian, menjadi objek evaluasi untuk menilai optimalisasi pengelolaan Dana BOS.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kombinasi kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahun 2022, sementara data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan kepala sekolah, bendahara umum, bendahara BOS, operator dana BOS, dan perwakilan orangtua siswa. Metode ini memberikan gambaran menyeluruh mengenai pengelolaan Dana BOS di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Amal.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Amal berhasil mengelola Dana BOS secara efisien dengan tingkat efisiensi mencapai 88,74%. Dana tersebut mampu memenuhi kebutuhan berjalan dan sesuai dengan aturan teknis dan peraturan yang berlaku. Selain itu, Dana BOS mendukung penuh kebutuhan peserta didik, khususnya dalam kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, dan memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap prestasi siswa di bidang non-akademik.
Kesimpulan: Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Amal dapat memanfaatkan Dana BOS secara efisien, memberikan dukungan yang signifikan terhadap kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dan minat bakat siswa, serta memberikan honor yang sesuai kepada tenaga kependidikan non-PNS. Diharapkan hasil studi ini memberikan saran dan masukan positif bagi sekolah tersebut, serta memberikan informasi yang berguna terkait efisiensi Dana BOS dalam meningkatkan minat bakat dan mendukung tenaga kependidikan non-PNS.
Analisis Prediksi Potensi Kebangkrutan Dengan Model Grover, Springate Dan Zmijewski Pada Perusahaan Real Estate & Property BEI Periode 2020 -2022
Authors: Pangestu Juan Carlos , Hati Desty Permata 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prediksi potensi kebangkrutan perusahaan Real Estate dan Property di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan menggunakan model Grover, Springate dan Zmijewski pada tahun 2020-2022. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan Real Estate dan Property yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Analisis statistik pada penelitian ini menggunakan perhitungan rasio keuangan perusahaan dari masing-masing metode kebangkrutan. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling, maka diperoleh total data yang akan dilakukan pengamatan adalah 90 sampel unit analisis data perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua model menghasilkan prediksi potensi kebangkrutan yang berbeda untuk setiap periode dan hanya beberapa prediksi antar model yang memiliki kesamaan di setiap periode. Manajemen perusahaan harus memperhatikan dan menjaga akun laporan keuangan yang menjadi dasar perhitungan model sehingga potensi kebangkrutan mengalami penurunan atau mungkin tidak terjadi sama sekali. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat menambahkan variabel seperti inflasi, kasus hukum dan variabel lainnya yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung memiliki pengaruh pada potensi kebangkrutan
Pendampingan Kelas Ibu Hamil Untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Trimester III Di Puskesmas Manding
Authors: Kurniyati Eka Meiri 
Published: March 2024

Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan Kesehatan ibu hamil adalah melalui kelas ibu hamil. Adanya perubahan system dalam tubuh ibu yang semuanya membutuhkan suatu adaptasi, baik fisik maupun psikologis sehingga tidak jarang ibu akan mengalami ketidaknyamanan. Pengadaan kelas ibu hamil menjadi sarana penting untuk belajar bersama tentang kesehatan bagi ibu hamil, dalam bentuk tatap muka dalam kelompok yang salah satu tujuannya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan terkait kehamilan. Peserta Kelas Ibu Hamil adalah ibu hamil dengan umur kehamilan antara 20 minggu s/d 32 minggu dengan jumlah peserta maksimal 10 orang. Metode Service Learning (SL) dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil terkait ketidaknyamanan pada kehamilan trimester II beserta penanganannya. Hasil dari pengabdian masayarakat ini bahwa pelaksanaan kelas ibu hamil bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hal ini sesuai dengan tujuan dari dibentuknya kelas ibu hamil yaitu meningkatkan pengetahuan, merubah sikap dan perilaku ibu agar memahami tentang kehamilan, perubahan tubuh dan keluhan selama kehamilan perawatan kehamilan.
Kata kunci : Kehamilan, Ketidaknyamanan pada ibu hamil, Kelas ibu hamil
Pemberian Edukasi Pentingnya Sayuran Bagi Siswa TK Kartika Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Makan Sayur
Authors: Ridanies Yustina Adventia 
Published: March 2024

Konsumsi sayur yang cukup bagi anak-anak usia dini khususnya pada anak-anak di jenjang TK adalah suatu hal yang penting guna mencukupi kebutuhan gizinya yakni minimal lima porsi dalam tujuh hari. Kandungan utama yang terdapat pada sayur adalah serat pangan yang tinggi yang sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan anak usia dini. Rendahnya konsumsi sayur pada anak usia dini merupakan suatu permasalahan yang banyak terjadi di lingkungan sekitar kita sehingga diperlukan adanya sosialisasi mengenai hal ini. Metode dalam sosialisasi ini adalah dengan ceramah dan demonstrasi dengan media poster. Kegiatan sosialisasi ini dilakukan pada tanggal 3 Oktober 2023 di TK Kartika 3-17 yang beralamatkan di Jl.Tobong No. 2 Tuguran, Potrobangsan, Kec. Magelang Utara, Kota Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah siswa TK kelas A dan B dengan masing-masing jumlah siswa kelas A yaitu sebanyak 20 anak, dan kelas B sebanyak 19 anak.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik (Cair) Berbahan Baku Limbah Rumah Tangga Di Lingkungan Desa Darmaji
Authors: Kamil Insanul , Rosida Naela , Fadila Yaniar Asyiah , Putri Adinda Fitriana , Yulistiani Linda , Septiana Tia , Marliani Nisrina , Putra Firdaus , Aslam Firar Bismi 
Published: March 2024

Masalah lingkungan masih menjadi masalah terbesar dan tidak akan ada habisnya, terutama terkait sampah. Dimana Desa Darmaji menghasilkan sampah sebanyak 3.373kg/hari. Dengan banyaknya sampah yang dihasilkan, masyarakat belum tahu cara mengolah ataupun memanfaatkan sampah. Banyak cara dalam mengelola dan memanfaatkan sampah/limbah rumah tangga, salah satunya dibuat sebagai pupuk organik cair. Penggunaan pupuk organik cair pada tanaman memiliki manfaat untuk meningkatkan nitrogen dalam tanah. Pada artikel ini, akan membahas terkait suatu kegiatan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (PMD) dengan materi Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) dengan Memanfaatkan Limbah Rumah Tangga.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ PHẪU THUẬT KẾT HỢP XƯƠNG GÒ MÁ CUNG TIẾP BẰNG ĐƯỜNG MỔ TRONG MIỆNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN 19-8
Authors: Phạm Hùng Cường 
Published: March 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả điều trị kết hợp xương gò má cung tiếp bằng đường mổ trong miệng trên bệnh nhân gãy xương gò má cung tiếp do chấn thương. Nhận xét tai biến khi thực hiện phẫu thuật kết xương gò má cung tiếp bằng đường mổ trong miệng tại Bệnh viện 19-8. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu được tiến hành trên 30 bệnh nhân có gãy xương gò má cung tiếp mới tại Bệnh viện 19-8 trong thời gian từ tháng 04/ 2023 đến tháng 10/2023. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang can thiệp và theo dõi sau can thiệp lâm sàng. Kết quả: Kết quả gần: Kết quả chung đạt tốt: 86,7% và khá: 13,3%. Kết quả xa: Kết quả chung đạt tốt: 93,3% và khá: 6,7%. Không có tai biến và biến chứng sau mổ.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ CÁC TỔN THƯƠNG CỔ TỬ CUNG MỨC ĐỘ CAO BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP KHOÉT CHÓP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HÙNG VƯƠNG TỪ NĂM 2018-2020
Authors: Huỳnh Xuân Nghiêm , Huỳnh Thụy Thảo Quyên 
Published: March 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Việc tầm soát phát hiện sớm bằng tế bào học và HPV có thể giúp phát hiện sớm các trường hợp tiền ung thư để ngăn ngừa phát triển thành UTCTC và có thể chữa khỏi bằng các phương pháp can thiệp tối thiểu như khoét chóp để lấy mô tổn thương ra khỏi cổ tử cung. Mục tiêu: Xác định tỷ lệ điều trị thành công các tổn thương CTC mức độ cao bằng phương pháp khoét chóp. 2. Xác định các yếu tố liên quan đến kết quả điều trị khoét chóp CTC. Phương pháp NC: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang, cỡ mẫu 220 trường hợp được khoét chóp CTC lần đầu tại bệnh viện thực hiện trong thời gian 2018 – 2022. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ điều trị thành công các tổn thương CTC mức độ cao bằng phương pháp khoét chóp CTC sau 30 tháng là 87,7% (KTC 95%: 83,36-92,1%). Tỷ lệ thất bại 12,3%. Các yếu tố liên quan đến kết quả điều trị khoét chóp CTC:Tuổi ≥ 38 tuổi làm tăng nguy cơ điều trị thất bại với OR= 1,32 (KTC 95%: 1,22-3,95, sự khác biệt này có ý nghĩa thống kê với p=0,012 < 0,05. Tình trạng mãn kinh làm tăng nguy cơ điều trị thất bại với OR= 1,18 (KTC 95%: 1,07-3,7, sự khác biệt này có ý nghĩa thống kê với p=0,004 < 0,05. Tình trạng nhiễm HPV sau khoét chóp CTC làm tăng nguy cơ điều trị thất bại gấp 5,8 lần so với HPV (-) với OR= 5,8 (KTC 95%: 3,69-8,27), sự khác biệt này có ý nghĩa thống kê với p< 0,001 < 0,05. Kết luận: Điều trị tổn thương cổ tử cung mức độ cao bằng phương pháp khoét chóp dao thường hay vòng điện (LEEP) có tỷ lệ điều trị thành công cao. Lớn tuổi, mãn kinh và nhiễm HPV sau khoét chóp làm tăng nguy cơ thất bại của khoét chóp.
KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT SMILE KẾT HỢP CROSSLINKING DỰ PHÒNG TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN CẬN THỊ CAO GIÁC MẠC MỎNG
Authors: Nguyễn Kiếm Hiệp , Đinh Thị Phương Thủy , Lê Thị Vân Anh 
Published: March 2024

Mục đích: Phân tích tính hiệu quả, an toàn và ổn định trong điều trị cận loạn thị bằng phương pháp phẫu thuật khúc xạ đường rạch nhỏ (SMILE) kết hợp cross-linking (CXL) dự phòng trên bệnh nhân giác mạc mỏng. Đối tượng và phương pháp: nghiên cứu hồi cứu trên 48 mắt của 24 bệnh nhân cận loạn thị đã được phẫu thuật SMILE kết hợp cross-linking dự phòng. Bệnh nhân được theo dõi trong 12 tháng. Máy phẫu thuật: LDV Z8 (Ziemer). Tiêu chuẩn lựa chọn: bệnh nhân có chiều dày giác mạc còn lại dự kiến dưới 300μm. Kết quả: Bệnh nhân tuổi trung bình 20.58 ± 3.12 (tuổi). Khúc xạ cầu tương đương trước phẫu thuật − 6.85 ± 1.80 ( từ−9.75 đến − 5.00) D. Sau phẫu thuật khúc xạ tương đương là -0.5 ± 0.26 (từ -1.00D đến +0.25D)D; 60% bệnh nhân có thị lực 20/20; 81% mắt đạt 20/25; 60% có khúc xạ ± 0.5D và 8.3% mắt đã thay đổi ≥0.5D từ 3 đến 12 tháng. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật SMILE kết hợp CXL dự phòng trên bệnh nhân cận thị cao giác mạc mỏng có hiệu quả, tính an toàn và ổn định tốt sau 12 tháng theo dõi.
THE MAIN POINTS ABOUT HUMAN RESOURCES BUILDING IN THE REPORT OF THE 20TH NATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA
Authors:   Senior research fellow, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), China, Pan Jine 
Published: March 2024

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China opened at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on the morning of October 16, and president Xi Jinping delivered a report on behalf of the 19th Central Committee. In the Report, there are many important statements about the field of human resources. These statements will guide China's government or the development of human resources in the next five to ten years, which means this is the direction and key areas of Chinese human resources in the future. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "education, science and technology, and talent are the basic and strategic support for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country", and the "trinity" of education, science and technology, and talent will be arranged and deployed as one. This is the requirement for highquality development for China to enter a new starting point and new journey, and contains the inevitable logic of supporting Chinese-style modernization with educational modernization. General Secretary XI Jinping pointed out in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that "cultivating a large number of high-quality talents with both ability and political integrity is a major plan for the long-term development of the country and the nation." Which indicates: The Communist Party of China believes that: Talent is the first resource, and the fundamental source of national scientific and technological innovation lies in people. Therefore, the Communist Party of China has launched the strategy of strengthening the country with talents.
Improving The Gross Motor Skills Of Mentally Retarded Children Through Rhythmic Brain Gym Activities
Authors: Baqiyudin Galang , Nurhasan Nurhasan , Suroto Suroto 
Published: March 2024

This study aims to identify and describe the influence of Brain Gym or brain exercises to increase gross motor skills and fine motor mental reterdation category were aged 4 years to 6 years. In this study, the sample were students in kindergarten SLB Muhammadiyah Jombang. This study was conducted in 10 meetings for each child. Each child will be given the treatment in the form of brain exercise, starting from the lateral dimension, focusing dimension and the dimension of convergence. Tests performed every time the student has finished the movement brain gymnastics. This is done so that the results of tests that are obtained more accurately. Mental reterdation characteristics that have limitations in considering would negatively affect the test results. Tests for gross motor movement and fine motor movement using DDST test format. DDST contains procedures for conducting tests and evaluation of test results. For the tests of gross motor movement and fine motor movement there are three assessment criteria, namely failed, refused and passed. At the beginning of the meeting five tests carried out many items in the category of students failed and refused. This is caused by the adaptation of students in recognizing the new environment and the movement of brain exercises that they have never done before. At the end of the five meetings that the number of test items in the category refuse and fail to decline, it is because the students have started to adapt and understand instructions, instructions were given to them. Overall improvement of the results of tests on five initial meeting and five final meeting for categories of pass is 33.8%. Based on this research exercise influence Brain Gym on the development of gross motor movement and fine motor skills of children with intellectual challenges, it can be argued conclusions in this study are: Gymnastics Therapy Brain (Brain Gym) have an influence on the development of gross motor movement and fine motor movement for mental reterdation midle category were aged 4 years to 6 years.
Upadacitinib (Rinvoq)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: March 2024

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses upadacitinib (Rinvoq), 15 mg, 30 mg, and 45 mg once daily, extended-release tablets, oral.
Indication: For the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn disease who have demonstrated prior treatment failure, i.e., an inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance to at least 1 conventional and/or biologic therapy
حوار مع الأستاذ الدكتور محمد سليم العَوّا
Authors: العَوّا محمد سليم , Tilout Jamila 
Published: March 2024

الأستاذ الدكتور محمد سليم العَوَّا مفكر إسلامي وهو عالم بحّاثة في قضايا الفقه والشريعة والقانون، تدل على ذلك كتاباته المتعددة في قضايا الفكر الإسلامي، كما أسهم الدكتور محمد سليم العوا باقتدار في تطوير المنهج المقاصدي، وله آراء ونظرات تجديدية رصينة. وينزع منهج د. العوا إلى التجديد في مسائل الفقه والتشريع والسياسة ونظم الحكم وفق منظور مقاصدي وقيمي.
ويشتمل الإنتاج الفكري للدكتور محمد سليم العَوَّا على عشرات الكتب والمقالات العلمية باللغتين العربية والإنجليزية، إضافة إلى تعقيباته وتخريجاته على بعض الكتب التي كان آخرها مؤلف الشيخ سليم البشري شيخ الجامع الأزهر الأسبق، إلى جانب شروحه وتعقيباته المهمة على كتابي "إحياء علوم الدين" للإمام أبي حامد الغزالي و"مقدمة" العلامة ابن خلدون التي تنشر على قناة الدكتور على اليوتيوب.
مقاصد الشريعة والواقع المعاصر
Authors: غانم إبراهيم البيومي 
Published: March 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى البحث عن سبل فاعلية نظرية المقاصد من خلال ربطها بالواقع، بالتنبيه على مجموعة من الأعطاب المنهجية على المستوى العلمي والعملي. وقد عرضت الدراسة ثلاثة أطروحات لتجديد النظر في موضوع المقاصد؛ الأطروحة الأولى وهي وجوب إعادة هيكلة منظومة المقاصد، ببيان المقاصد المشتركة والعامة كتحقيق الكرامة الإنسانية والحرية وتطبيق العدالة وتحقيق السلم العام. والأطروحة الثانية تتمثل في توسيع مصادر البحث في المقاصد، إذ تظهر الورقة مجموعة من الاختلالات المنهجية مما جعل منظومة "المقاصد العامة للشريعة" نظرية ولا تحقق الأهداف العملية المرجوة منها. أما الأطروحة الثالثة، فهي تحديث الأمثال الشارحة وتجديدها باعتبار المثال أحد أدوات تحرير نظرية المقاصد من المحابس التي وضعت فيها، ومن ثم؛ تدعو الدراسة إلى ربط الأمثلة بالواقع الفعلي، خصوصا الواقع الجماعي والمصالح المشتركة.
Working hours and health – key research topics in the past and future
Authors: Härmä Mikko , Kecklund Göran , Tucker Philip 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE: This paper discusses the past and present highlights of working hours and health research and identifies key research needs for the future.
METHOD: We analyzed over 220 original articles and reviews on working hours and health in the Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health published during the last 50 years. Key publications from other journals were also included.
RESULTS: The majority of identified articles focussed on the effects of shift and night work, with fewer studying long and reduced working hours and work time control. We observed a transition from small-scale experimental and intensive field studies to large-scale epidemiological studies utilizing precise exposure assessment, reflecting the recent emergence of register-based datasets and the development of analytic methods and alternative study designs for randomized controlled designs. The cumulative findings provide convincing evidence that shift work and long working hours, which are often associated with night work and insufficient recovery, increase the risk of poor sleep and fatigue, sickness absence, occupational injuries, and several chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The observed risks are strongly modified by individual and work-related factors.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the observed health risks of shift work and long working hours are mostly low or moderate, the widespread prevalence of exposure and the hazardousness of the many associated potential outcomes makes such working time arrangements major occupational health risks. Further research is needed to identify exposure–response associations, especially in relation to the chronic health effects, and to elucidate underlying pathways and effective personalized intervention strategies.
DETERMINING THE DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF DRUG-RESISTANT AND DRUG-SUSCEPTIBLE TUBERCULOSIS IN KPK, PAKISTAN THROUGH A RETROSPECTIVE SURVEY
Authors: Ahmad Urooj , Arshad Anab , Jadoon Sara , Salih Shahana Saba , Ahmed Hafsa , Saifullah Samreen , Nayab Huma , Safi Sara 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The objective of this research was to find out the demographic characteristics of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant Tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Material and Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted on data from the TB Control Program Khyber Pakhtunkhwa recorded between 1st January 2021 to 3rd June 2022. 7 sentinel sites and 5 Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis sites report the data to the TB control program. The data was entered into Excel and analyzed through frequency tables, histograms, and bar charts.
Results: A total of 39,210 Tuberculosis cases were reported to TB control program KPK from 1st January 2021 to 3rd June 2022; 38,723 were drug-susceptible while 487 were drug-resistant TB cases. The highest percentage of TB was found in the age group 15-24 years. Males were more affected than females with drug-susceptible TB. In contrast, drug-resistant TB was affecting females more than males. 58% of cases were reported in the public sector while 42% cases in the private sector. The households of only 2,412 (6.22%) patients of drug-susceptible Tuberculosis were screened out of 38,723 patients. In 2815 Tuberculosis patients screened for HIV, 4 drug-susceptible and 5 drug-resistant cases were positive for HIV. 8.41% of drug-resistant TB patients were diabetic.
Conclusion: The frequency of TB cases is high in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, especially among 15-24-year-olds. Household contact screening is inadequate in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. There is a high percentage of coexisting drug-resistant TB and diabetes.
Keywords: Drug susceptible TB, Drug-resistant TB, HIV co-infection, Household contact.
COMPARISON OF NEONATAL OUTCOMES IN TERM PREGNANCIES IN NORMAL VS ABNORMAL CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY- AN EXPERIENCE AT A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Akhtar Zubaida , Ghayur Mahjabina S. , Gul Arzoo , Bibi Hifsa , Naib Jamila Mehnaz , Akhtar Naheed 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE: To compare the neonatal outcomes in normal vs abnormal cardiotocograhy in term pregnancy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective analytical study carried out in A unit of obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 15th April 2022 to 15th October 2022. A total 224 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in study. In Group A (normal CTG) there were 111 patients and 113 were in Group B (abnormal CTG). Patients with known fetal congenital abnormalities, intrauterine growth restriction, and fetal mal presentations were excluded from the study.
RESULTS: The mean age of sample population was 26.02+4.497. Multigravidae were more than primigravidae in both groups (86.4% vs 13.6% in Group A and 72.5% vs 27.5% in Group B). In Group B, caesarean section rate was higher (82.3%) than Group A (9%). From Group B, 26 (23%) newborns went to NICU for admission, whereas only 8 (7.2%) newborns from Group A needed NICU admission. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was also observed more in newborns in Group B compared to Group A (10 vs 1). In Group A 12 babies had APGAR score <7 at 1 minute while in Group B 18 babies had APGAR score < 7 at 1 minute. In Group A 2 babies had APGAR score <7 at 5 minutes whereas in Group B 7 babies had APGAR score < 7.
CONCLUSION: The caesarean section rate, NICU admission and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy were more in Group B than in Group A and this difference was statistically significant (p-value 0.000, 0.000 and 0.006 respectively). Whereas there was no statistically significant difference in APGAR Score at 1 and 5 minutes in both groups (p-value 0.26 and 0.094 respectively)
KEY WORDS:
Cardiotocography, APGAR score, Caesarean section, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.