bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO INTERACTIONS OF NEOMYCIN SULFATE, BACITRACIN, AND POLYMYXIN B SULFATE
Authors: BOOTH JANE H. , BENRIMOJ SHALOM I. , NIMMO GRAEME R. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Neomycin sulfate, bacitracin, and polymyxin B sulfate have been combined in topical preparations to provide a complementary antimicrobial spectrum for the prevention of minor wound infections. The advisability of the inclusion of neomycin sulfate has been questioned since it may cause contact sensitization. Methods. To assess the value of neomycin, microdilution checkerboard titrations were used to determine the in vitro interactions between two‐antibiotic and three‐antibiotic combinations against reference strains of bacteria commonly associated with wound infections. Using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) indices (< 0.5 indicates synergism with two‐drug combinations), the combination of neomycin/bacitracin was synergistic for both S. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa; neomycin/polymyxin B was synergistic for E. faecalis, and the bacitracin/polymyxin B combination was synergistic against Ps. aeruginosa. A three‐drug combination of neomycin/bacitracin/polymyxin B had FIC values of < 1 for all organisms, indicating synergy and substantiating the clinical role of neomycin sulfate in current topical formulations. Results. Neomycin has the lowest safety profile of the drugs in this combination. A replacement agent should ideally have similar or superior synergistic capabilities with the remaining drugs and contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of the preparation. Additionally, because of the strongly synergistic tendencies displayed by the three‐drug combination, it may be possible to reduce the antibiotic concentrations present in current formulations. Conclusion. By developing this concept, there is potential for the formulation of topical preparations to be based on a sound theoretical and clinical rationale.
ERYTHROMELANOSIS FOLLICULARIS FACIEI ET COLLI
Authors: SODAIFY MANOUCHEHR , SODAIFY SODAIFY , HANDJANI FARHAD , SOTOODEH MASOOD 
Published: May 2007

Three Iranian men of light complexion, aged 15, 18, and 28, were seen in 1992. All three patients were referred with the chief complaint of increasing pigmentation over both cheeks since childhood. The pigmentation had gradually extended to involve the preauricular areas bilaterally. There was no history of pruritus or discomfort. Two patients related an increase in pigmentation to extremes of temperature, and one patient also complained of a burning sensation when exposed to sunlight. The third patient cited no change at different temperatures. All three patients had visited a few local physicians and had received sunblocks and topical steroids with no definite diagnosis. No improvement was noticed by use of the prescribed medications. Family history of pigmentary disturbance was negative in all three cases. Examination in all three cases revealed a well‐demarcated reddish‐brown pigmentation over both cheeks extending to the preauricular area (Fig. 1). In one patient part of the auricle was also involved. No extension to the neck area was seen in any of the cases. Pinhead sized white follicular papules producing a granular texture were clearly evident over the involved areas (Fig. 2). Vellus hair growth was affected in all three cases. No evidence of scar formation or atrophy was noted. Diascopy in all three patients revealed blanching of the erythematous component of the pigmentation with no change in the brown discoloration. Keratosis pilaris was evident over both arms in all three patients, and in one patient mild keratosis pilaris was also noted on the legs. A biopsy was performed in two patients.Histopathologic examination of both biopsy specimens revealed a similar picture. There was slight hyperkeratosis with no parakeratosis and only mild acanthosis. Follicular hyperplasia and plugging were evident. Fontana staining revealed intense melanin pigmentation of the basal layer. Mild perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration was observed in the upper dermis (Fig. 3).
PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS RECONSTRUCTION OF THE NOSE UTILIZING A BILOBED FLAP
Authors: MOY RONALD L. , GROSSFELD JODI S. , BAUM AXINE , RIVLIN DAN , EREMIA SOREN 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Defects of the distal nose are particularly challenging to reconstruct because of this area's unique texture, lack of elasticity, and possible distortion of the alar rim. The bilobed flap has been criticized for having a high incidence of “trapdooring,” flap necrosis, dog ears, and prominent suture lines. Methods. Patients who underwent bilobed flap repairs of the distal nose (n = 171) were reviewed for complications and cosmetic results. The modifications from the traditional design include minimizing the angle of transposition between lobes, thinning of the flap, basing the pedicle on the lateral aspect of the nose, and creating the lobes of the flap to be of equal diameter to the defect. Results. There was a 3% incidence of infection, 7% incidence of partial flap necrosis, and 5% incidence of “trapdooring” and contour distortion. Color match and contour were excellent for all other patients. Conclusions. The modified bilobed flap is an excellent choice for reconstruction of defects of the lower nose because of the good skin match and low incidence of complications.
NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER: NUMBER OF CANCERS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN OUTPATIENTS
Authors: CZARNECKI D. , O'BRIEN T. , MEEHAN C.J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is increasing in incidence and more are developing on the trunk and limbs. The objectives were to determine how many outpatients have more than one NMSC at the time they present for treatment and to determine the anatomical distribution of the cancers. Methods. All outpatients with histologically confirmed NMSC visited by the authors during 1992 received a total body examination and the number and sites of NMSC were recorded. Results. A total of 952 outpatients were seen. A single NMSC was present in 69.4%, two in 16%, three in 6.4%, four in 3.5%, five to nine in 4.2%, and 0.5% had ten or more. Of the 291 patients with more than one NMSC, one anatomical region was involved in 53.4%, two were involved in 38.4%, and 8.2% had three or more regions involved. Conclusion. Patients with NMSC required a total body examination to detect unsuspected skin cancers.
PIGMENTED MACULES ON PALMS AND SOLES IN PUERTO RICANS
Authors: MARTÍN RAFAEL F. , SÁNCHEZ JORGE L. , VÁZQUEZ‐BOTET MIGUEL , LUGO AÍDA 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. One‐third of melanomas in Puerto Ricans occur on the skin of palms and soles. This is a study to define the characteristics of melanocytic nevi in those locations. Background. One‐third of melanomas in Puerto Ricans occur on the skin of palms and soles. This is a study to define the characteristics of melanocytic nevi in those locations. Methods. A sample of 1,039 patients were randomly examined for pigmented macules on the palms and soles. After informed consent, biopsies of these lesions were done on 67 patients. Results. Among the patients, 13% were found to have pigmented macules on the palms and soles. Volar melanocytic macule was the most frequent lesion. Conclusions. Melanocytic nevi occur frequently on volar skin. The criteria for removal of these lesions should not be different from those lesions at other locations.
ACROANGIODERMATITIS: A STUDY OF TEN CASES
Authors: RAO BABAR , UNIS MARK , POULOS EVANGELOS 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Acroangiodermatitis is a benign vesicular process encountered on the lower extremities that histologically resembles the superficial form of stasis dermatitis, but is clinically characterized by circumscribed violaceous, brown or dusky macules, papules, or plaques. Furthermore, unlike stasis dermatitis, acroangiodermatitis is usually associated with minimal epidermal changes and eosinophils in the inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis. Kaposi's sarcoma, pigmented purpura, vasculitis, and lichen planus are other conditions that should be considered when making a diagnosis of acroangiodermatitis. Methods. Ten patients with acroangiodermatitis were referred to us by area physicians. Hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid‐Schiff, Pearl's (an iron stain), and an immunoperoxidase stain for Factor VIII were performed on routinely embedded paraffin sections. Results. All cases showed new vessel proliferation, perivascular inflammation of superficial and mid‐dermis, consisting of lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils, occasional plasma cells, extravasation of red blood cells, and hemosiderin pigment deposition. Dermal fibrosis was observed in all cases. None of the patients showed changes of vasculitis or Kaposi's sarcoma. Only one patient displayed significant epidermal changes of spongiosis and mild acanthosis. Conclusions. Acroangiodermatitis is an uncommon entity with peculiar clinical and histologic features and should be confirmed by histologic tests.
SOLAR (BRACHIORADIAL) PRURITUS—RESPONSE TO CAPSAICIN CREAM
Authors: KNIGHT TIMOTHY E. , HAYASHI TAKUJI 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Solar (brachioradial) pruritus is an enigmatic condition affecting the lateral aspects of the arm(s) and is primarily seen in Caucasian people living in the tropics or subtropics. Methods. Over a 5‐year period we prospectively evaluated 68 patients with solar pruritus seen in an outpatient dermatology clinic. Clinical, biochemical, and microscopic and ultramicroscopic studies were performed. An open‐label trial of capsaicin cream application was initiated in 15 patients. Results. An almost equal number of men and women were seen with an average age of 44 years. Brown‐eyed and blue‐eyed patients were seen with equal frequency. Most patients (86%) had outdoor occupations or avocations. The pruritus was intense, usually bilateral (72%) and invariably affected the lateral (as opposed to medial) aspects of the arm(s) in the absence of primary lesions. The most commonly affected area was the elbow area superficial to the brachioradialis and extensor carpi longus muscles, but extension of the pruritus to include the forearm and/or upper arm was common. Biopsy specimens (stained with hematoxylin and eosin) were normal or showed mild actinic elastosis in 15 patients tested. Ultramicroscopy showed myelin sheath splitting in all four patients studied. This is a nonspecific finding that may also be found in diabetic or alcoholic neuropathy.Ten of thirteen patients completing the capsaicin‐cream study found significant relief (itching much improved or gone) after 3 weeks compared with the untreated control arm. Conclusions. The cause of solar pruritus remains unknown, but circumstantial evidence implicates chronic exposure to solar radiation. Capsaicin may offer relief to these patients, but the patients need to be cautioned about the burning sensation that occurs with capsaicin cream.
VITAMIN E ADDED SILICONE GEL SHEETS FOR TREATMENT OF HYPERTROPHIC SCARS AND KELOIDS
Authors: PALMIERI BENIAMINO , GOZZI GLAUCO , PALMIERI GASPARE 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Trauma of various origins can induce a connective tissue disorder that leads to keloids. This condition has yet not been clearly distinguished from scars and hypertrophic scars. Only electronmicroscopic and biochemical data can help to do this. Among some more or less therapeutic approaches, the use of silicon (polydimethylsiloxane) plates, wrapped on the keloid surface, has been reported effective by some authors. These authors also demonstrated that it is not the mechanical pressure that is the mechanism of action, but a direct action on fibroblasts and a hyperhydration of subcutaneous tissue.The authors of this study conceived that the silicon plate may be able to improve the transdermal penetration of a compound such as vitamin E. This vitamin is capable of preserving some important morphologic and functional features of biological membranes by means of its phytilside chain of the molecule acting as a stabilizer of lysosomal membranes. Materials and Methods. Eighty patients of both sexes, aged between 18 and 63 years, who had hypertrophic scars and keloids, were admitted to the trial. The patients were randomized to two groups in a simple‐blinded study. Group A: Forty patients whose scars have been covered with silicon plates with added vitamin E. Group B: Forty patients treated with simple silicone gel sheets. No pressure bandages were used, only tape fixing the sheet for 10 hours overnight. The trial lasted for 2 months. The results were recorded at 4 and 8 weeks, evaluating the improvement according to a Scott‐Husskinson scale. For objective assessment photos were taken. The results were analyzed by the chi‐square test. Results. At the end of the first month, group A had improved by more than 50% in 85% of cases, whereas the improvement in group B was 55% (P < 0.01). At the end of the second month, 95% of patients in group A had improved by 50%, whereas 75% had improved by 50% in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Vitamin E added to the silicon plate scored better than the simple silicon plate at the end of both periods. We have reported the successful combined action of vitamin E and silicone gel sheets in scar treatment, especially in the short‐term prophylaxis of hypertrophic scars or keloids.
PHARMACOLOGIC MODULATION BY CETIRIZINE OF SOME ADHESION MOLECULES EXPRESSION IN PSORIATIC SKIN LESIONS
Authors: CAPRONI MARZIA , MARIA PALLESCHI GIOVANNI , FALCOS DIMITRIOS , PAPI CATERINA , LOTTI TORELLO 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Adhesion molecules play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases by regulating lymphocyte trafficking and homing in an inflamed area. Methods. The expression of the lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) and of its ligand, the intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐I) has been studied in psoriatic skin lesions of 10 patients with guttate, nummular, and palmoplantar psoriasis. In addition, the peculiar immunophenotype of infiltrating cells (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25) and their correlation with HLA‐DR expression before and after treatment with oral cetirizine, a highly selective, third generation H1‐receptor antagonist has been examined using the labeled avidin biotin (LAB) system. Results. Cetirizine treatment modulated in vivo the expression of adhesion molecules LFA‐I/ICAM‐1 as shown in all cases by decreased levels of their expression on keratinocytes and on dermal endothelial cells (P < 0.001). The expression of HLA‐DR on keratinocytes and endothelial cells was also inhibited after treatment. The numbers of infiltrating CD3–, CD4–, CD8–positive cells were reduced, whereas there was no significant modification of CD25–positive cells within the epidermis and the dermis. Conclusion. This open clinical trial suggests that cetirizine could be effective in treating psoriasis: (1) for its symptomatic control on itching; (2) for its immunopharmacologic modulation of leukocyte integrins and on the immunophenotype pattern of infiltrating and resident cells, and (3) for contributing to the clearing of the lesions clinically.
IMMEDIATE NONALLERGIC PSYCHOTIC REACTION TO INTRAMUSCULAR PROCAINE PENICILLIN
Authors: EINTERZ ELLEN M. , EINTERZ ROBERT M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Though little known by medical personnel, an immediate nonallergic psychotic reaction to intramuscular procaine penicillin has been reported occasionally from many countries since 1951. Materials and Methods. A case report describes a patient whose violent behavior, provoked by this reaction, resulted in legal action taken against him. Two other nonviolent cases are presented and are followed by a review of the literature. Results. Signs and symptoms of this reaction that appears to be to the procaine component resemble a pressor response and are therefore contrary to the signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction. Anxiety, hallucinations, hypertension, and tachycardia are characteristic. The reaction is self‐limited. Long‐term psychologic sequelae might be averted by adequate reassurance. Conclusions. The importance of procaine penicillin as an essential drug in many parts of the world should not be diminished; however, recognition of acute nonallergic psychotic reactions is of paramount importance to assure proper patient management and to avoid misinterpretation of aggressive behavior.
DETECTION WITH THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS DNA IN CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA TREATED WITH CO2LASER AND MICROWAVE
Authors: LI HONG‐XIA , ZHU WEN‐YUAN , XIA MING‐YU 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground. The recurrence rates of condyloma acuminata are high. The reasons for the relatively high relapse rates with different treatments are unknown.Methods. Twelve specimens of condylomata acuminata of the vulva were excised from 12 patients and divided into three parts. One part was untreated, the second and the third parts were treated with CO2laser and microwave, respectively.dnawas then extracted from tissue by proteolytic digestion and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Dot blots were performed with the use of radiolabeled consensus and human papilloma virus (hpv) type‐specific probes.Results.hpvdnawas amplified in 100% of untreated specimens (6‐hpv6; 6‐hpv11), and in 83.3% and 50% of specimens treated with CO2laser and microwave, respectively. There was a significant difference in detection between untreated and microwave‐treated specimens (χ2= 4.18, P < 0.05).Conclusion. Microwave damageshpvdnamore effectively than CO2laser.
ANTIDERMATOPHYTIC ACTIVITY OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) IN VITRO
Authors: VENUGOPAL PANKAJALAKSHMI V. , VENUGOPAL TARALAKSHMI V. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Interest in herbal medicine is enjoying a renaissance at present. Garlic (Allium sativum) is an intriguing herb with a long history of medicinal use for a variety of diseases including ringworm infections. Methods. Antidermatophytic activity of the aqueous extract of garlic (A. sativum) was investigated against 88 clinical isolates of dermatophytes by an agar dilution technique. The isolates included Microsporum canis (50), M. audouinii (5), Trichophyton rubrum (6), T. mentagrophytes (5), T. violaceum (12), T. simii (5), T. verrucosum (1), T. erinacei (1), and Epidermophyton floccosum (2).The results were compared with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of ketoconazole. Results. The aqueous extract of garlic, diluted 1:150 and 1:100, had inhibited 50 and 90% of the isolates tested, whereas the respective values for ketoconazole were 1 and 2.5 μg/mL. Conclusions. Garlic (A. sativum) could be used as an effective antidermatophytic agent. Further purification and extraction of the active principle of garlic would give a true antidermatophytic activity comparable to standard antifungal drugs.
EFFECT OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED ANTITHYROID THIOUREYLENES ON PCNA AND P53 EXPRESSION IN PSORIATIC LESIONS
Authors: ELIAS ALAN N. , BARR RONALD J. , ROHAN MARY KATE , DANGARAN KAROL 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Antithyroid thioureylenes are effective agents in the oral and topical treatment of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Method. The effect of oral treatment with 6‐n‐propyl 2‐thiouracil (propylthiouracil, ptu) and 2‐mercapto 1‐methyl imidazole (methimazole, mmi) on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), and p53 protein expression was studied in patients with stable plaque psoriasis. Results. Following treatment with ptu and mmi, pcna staining in psoriatic epidermis was significantly decreased. P53 was minimally expressed in untreated lesions, and treatment with PTU and MMI did not enhance P53 expression in the psoriatic lesions. Conclusions. Since pcna is a marker of cellular proliferation and p53 inhibits cellular cycling, some of the beneficial effects of ptu and mmi in psoriasis may depend on the ability of the drugs to impair cellular turnover, perhaps by binding to the triiodothyronine (T3) receptor. These effects may be in addition to the previously described effects of ptu and mmi as immune modulators and free radical scavengers.
CEREBRAL AND SUBCUTANEOUS CYSTICERCOSIS TREATED WITH ALBENDAZOLE
Authors: SCHMIDT DIETER K. T. , FRANCOIS JORDAAN H. , SCHNEIDER JOHAN W. , CILLIERS JACQUES 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Cysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous system in the world, but cysticercosis cutis has been reported much less frequently. Because 54% of patients present with subcutaneous nodules, we report here the association of cysticercosis cutis in a patient with neurocysticercosis and review the literature and treatment options. Case Report. The patient presented with multiple, asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules over the trunk and the extremities, associated with central nervous system involvement. Examination of an excised nodule by light microscopy revealed a larval cyst in the deep dermis surrounded partly by a fibrous pseudocapsule. Computed tomographic scanning of the skull showed multiple, nonenhancing, and calcified cysts in both cerebral hemispheres. Treatment with albendazole, 15 mg/kg/day for 30 days, was highly effective. At follow‐up 6 months later, most subcutaneous nodules had disappeared or were markedly reduced in size, and the cerebral lesions had much improved. Conclusions. Albendazole, a newer paracidal drug, seems to be more effective and less expensive than some other drugs in use for the treatment of neurocysticercosis.
EFFECT OF TOPICAL TRETINOIN ON EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS’CELLS IN PHOTODAMAGED SKIN
Authors: BARNADAS MARIA A. , CURELL ROMÁN , DE MORAGAS JOSÉ M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Topical tretinoin has been successfully applied to treat photoaging; however, a decrease in the number of Langerhans’cells (LC) has been reported after its topical application in Macaque skin. A study was performed to evaluate the possible effect of topical tretinoin on the number of LC in human beings. Methods. Eight patients were studied. Topical tretinoin was applied in progressively increasing concentrations: 0.025% for 1 month, 0.05% for one month and 0.1% for 4 months. A skin biopsy from the malar area was taken before this therapy and 6 months later. To study LC, 4 p frozen sections were stained with the anti‐CD1 antibody. Results. The number of CD1+ cells did not change when they were counted per unit of epidermal length, but they decreased when they were counted per unit of epidermal surface. Conclusions. These results indicate that topical tretinoin might damage epidermal Langerhans’cells, when it is applied for long periods of time; future studies are necessary to clarify this point.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH TREATMENT‐RESISTANT ACNE
Authors: MOTEL PETER J. , BERNSTEIN ERIC E. , FAZIO MICHAEL , HUMENIUK HARRY , KAUH YOUNG C. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may involve any number of organ systems and varies greatly in the severity and type of involvement. Cutaneous manifestations of SLE are equally numerous and varied throughout the course of the disease within an individual, as well as varying between patients. Cutaneous manifestations of SLE are frequently the presenting symptoms, typically noted in the classic malar “butterfly” rash; however, other cutaneous patterns are frequently observed. Methods. We present here two patients who presented with what was thought to be acne refractory to treatment. Results. These patients actually were found to have a facial eruption associated with SLE as confirmed by skin biopsy. Conclusions. The importance of investigating atypical or treatment‐resistant eruptions, especially in patients experiencing other symptoms, is emphasized.