bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement of bone cement using zirconia fibers with and without acrylic coating
Authors: Kotha Shiva , Li Chaodi , Schmid Steven , Mason James 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAcrylic (polymethylmethacrylate or PMMA) bone cement was modified by the addition of high‐strength zirconia fibers with average lengths of 200 μm and diameters of 15 μm or 30 μm. A novel emulsion polymerization process was developed to encapsulate individual fibers in PMMA. Improvements in tensile and compressive properties as well as in fracture toughness were investigated upon incorporation of uncoated and acrylic coated zirconia fibers. Bone cements were reinforced with 2% by volume of the 15 μm diameter and 5% by volume of the 30 μm fibers. Results indicate that elastic modulus and ultimate strength of bone cements reinforced with zirconia fibers were higher than controls, being the largest for cements reinforced with 30 μm diameter fibers. The fracture toughness of the cement increased by 23% and 41% by the addition of 15 μm and 30 μm fibers, respectively. Coating of individual zirconia fibers did not result in improved material properties of bone cements. The use of uncoated or acrylic coated 30 μm fibers is recommended based on the significant increases in ultimate strength and fracture toughness of the cements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Fabrication of burst pressure competent vascular grafts via electrospinning: Effects of microstructure
Authors: Drilling Sarah , Gaumer Jeremy , Lannutti John 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this work, electrospun tubes of interest for vascular tissue engineering were fabricated and evaluated for burst pressure and suture retention strength (SRS) in the same context as tensile strength providing a direct, novel comparison. Tubes could be fabricated displaying average burst pressures up to 4000 mmHg—well above the standard of 2000 mmHg—and SRS values matching those of relevant natural tissues. Surprisingly, highly oriented fiber and maximal tensile properties are not absolutely necessary to attain clinically adequate burst pressures. The ability to resist bursting is clearly related to both initial solution solids loading and electrospinning deposition time. We make novel in situ observations of the relative microstructural characteristics of failure during bursting, and connect this to the conditions used to fabricate the graft. Processes typically thought to promote fiber alignment are, in fact, highly condition‐dependent and do not always provide superior properties. In fact, electrospun structures displaying no discernable alignment could achieve burst pressures regarded clinically sufficient. The properties of individual electrospun fiber clearly do not fully dictate macroscale properties. Normal background levels of point bonding are enhanced by increased rotational speeds, and can have effects on properties more dominant than those of alignment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Interfaces in graded coatings on titanium‐based implants
Authors: Lopez‐Esteban S. , Gutierrez‐Gonzalez C. F. , Gremillard L. , Saiz E. , Tomsia A. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGraded bilayered glass–ceramic composite coatings on Ti6Al4V substrates were fabricated using an enameling technique. The layers consisted of a mixture of glasses in the CaO‐MgO‐Na2O‐K2O‐P2O5 system with different amounts of calcium phosphates (CPs). Optimum firing conditions have been determined for the fabrication of coatings having good adhesion to the metal, while avoiding deleterious reactions between the glass and the ceramic particles. The final coatings do not crack or delaminate. The use of high‐silica layers (>60 wt % SiO2) in contact with the alloy promotes long‐term stability of the coating; glass–metal adhesion is achieved through the formation of a nanostructured Ti5Si3 layer. A surface layer containing a mixture of a low‐silica glass (∼53 wt % SiO2) and synthetic hydroxyapatite particles promotes the precipitation of new apatite during tests in vitro. The in vitro behavior of the coatings in simulated body fluid depends both on the composition of the glass matrix and the CP particles, and is strongly affected by the coating design and the firing conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Effects of repetitive and short time strain in human bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Diederichs Solvig , Freiberger Friedrich , van Griensven Martijn 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFor the long‐term objective to engineer a functional bone construct, we applied unidirectional cyclic mechanical strain to human bone marrow stromal cells. Two strain regimes were applied comprising single and repetitive strain, respectively. For the single strain, we applied 15 and 60 min of mechanical load (1 Hz, 5% elongation). Increased proliferation and type I collagen levels were detected after 15‐ and 60‐min load accompanied by increased type III collagen production after 60 min of strain. To study a possible amplification of effects, long time strain on 3 consecutive days, with every day 8 h strain duration, was applied in order to induce persistent and evident cellular reactions. Furthermore, an increased calcification was observed. The observed changes were not associated with changes in p38, extracellular signal regulated kinase or c‐jun N‐terminal kinase activation (Western Blot). In conclusion, application of a single strain period of up to 60 min is not sufficient to induce persistent cellular reactions. Fifteen minutes seems to induce beneficial effects, whereas 60 min of strain induces collagen type III (as a sign of scar formation). Repetition of strain (3 × 8 h) induced enhanced differentiation without detrimental side effects. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Characterization of low‐molecular‐weight hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel and differential stem cell responses in the hydrogel microenvironments
Authors: Kim Jungju , Park Yongdoo , Tae Giyoong , Lee Kyu Back , Hwang Chang Mo , Hwang Soon Jung , Kim In Sook , Noh Insup , Sun Kyung 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHyaluronic acid is a natural glycosaminoglycan involved in biological processes. Low‐molecular‐weight hyaluronic acid (10 and 50 kDa)‐based hydrogel was synthesized using derivatized hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid was acrylated by two steps: (1) introduction of an amine group using adipic acid dihydrazide, and (2) acrylation by N‐acryloxysuccinimide. Injectable hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel was prepared by using acrylated hyaluronic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) tetra‐thiols via Michael‐type addition reaction. Mechanical properties of the hydrogel were evaluated by varying the molecular weight of acrylated hyaluronic acid (10 and 50 kDa) and the weight percent of hydrogel. Hydrogel based on 50‐kDa hyaluronic acid showed the shortest gelation time and the highest complex modulus. Next, human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in cell‐adhesive RGD peptide‐immobilized hydrogels together with bone morphogenic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). Cells cultured in the RGD/BMP‐2‐incorporated hydrogels showed proliferation rates higher than that of control or RGD‐immobilized hydrogels. Real‐time RT‐PCR showed that the expression of osteoblast marker genes such as CBFα1 and alkaline phosphatase was increased in hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel, and the expression level was dependent on the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid, RGD peptide, and BMP‐2. This study indicates that low‐molecular‐weight hyaluronic acid‐based hydrogel can be applied to tissue regeneration as differentiation guidance materials of stem cells. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Expression of the calcitonin receptor, calcitonin receptor‐like receptor, and receptor activity modifying proteins during osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Granholm Susanne , Lundberg Pernilla , Lerner Ulf H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe expressions of the calcitonin receptor (CTR), the calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CLR), the receptor activity‐modifying proteins (RAMP) 1–3, and of the receptor component protein (RCP) have been studied in mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMM) during osteoclast differentiation, induced by treatment with M‐CSF and RANKL. Analyses of mRNA showed that CLR and RAMP1–3, but not CTR, were expressed in M‐CSF stimulated BMM. RANKL gradually increased CTR mRNA, transiently enhanced CLR and transiently decreased RAMP1 mRNA, but did not affect RAMP2, RAMP3, or RCP mRNA. However, RANKL did not affect protein levels of CLR or RAMP1–3 as assessed by Western blots or FACS analyses, whereas immunocytochemistry showed enhanced CTR protein. Analyses of cAMP production showed that BMM cells expressed functional receptors for calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), amylin, adrenomedullin, and intermedin, but not for calcitonin and calcitonin receptor stimulating peptide (CRSP), but that RANKL induced the expression of receptors for calcitonin and CRSP as well. Calcitonin, CGRP, amylin, adrenomedullin, intermedin, and CRSP all down regulated the CTR mRNA, but none of the peptides caused any effects on the expression of CLR or any of the RAMPs. Our data show that BMM cells express receptors for CGRP, amylin, adrenomedullin, and intermedin and that RANKL induces the formation of receptors for calcitonin and CRSP in these cells. We also show, for the first time, that the CTR is not only down regulated by signaling through the CTR but also by the peptides signaling through CLR/RAMPs. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 920–933, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypoxia stimulates the autocrine regulation of migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via HIF‐1α‐dependent expression of thrombospondin‐1
Authors: Osada‐Oka Mayuko , Ikeda Takako , Akiba Satoshi , Sato Takashi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe migration of vascular smooth muscle cells from the media to intima and their subsequent proliferation are critical causes of arterial wall thickening. In atherosclerotic lesions increases in the thickness of the vascular wall and the impairment of oxygen diffusion capacity result in the development of hypoxic lesions. We investigated the effect of hypoxia on the migration of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) via HIF‐1α‐dependent expression of thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1). When the cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions, mRNA and protein levels of TSP‐1, and mRNA levels of integrin β3 were increased with the increase in HIF‐1α protein. DNA synthesis and migration of the cells were stimulated under the conditions, and a neutralizing anti‐TSP‐1 antibody apparently suppressed the migration, but not DNA synthesis. The migration was also inhibited by RGD peptide that binds to integrin β3. Furthermore, the migration was completely suppressed in HIF‐1α‐knockdown cells exposed to hypoxia, while it was significantly enhanced in HIF‐1α‐overexpressing cells. These results suggest that the hypoxia induces the migration of CASMCs, and that the migration is elicited by TSP‐1 of which induction is fully dependent on the stabilization of HIF‐1α, in autocrine regulation. Thus we suggest that HIF‐1α plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1918–1926, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ethical practice of psychotherapy: easily within our reach
Authors: Barnett Jeffrey E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPsychotherapists confront a myriad of ethical dilemmas as they endeavor to provide effective services. This issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session on Ethics in Psychotherapy provides psychotherapists with thoughtful reviews, case examples, and practical guidance in the major areas of ethics. Following this brief introduction, the subsequent seven articles cover Informed consent; confidentiality, privilege, and their limits; treatment of minors and their families; business matters of practice (e.g., money, fees, bartering, advertising); clinical competence and scope of practice; boundaries and nonsexual multiple relationships; and termination and abandonment. This issue is designed to promote ethical practice, to provide guidance on common ethical dilemmas, and to prevent ethical challenges before they occur. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol:In Session 64: 1–7, 2008.
Abdominal aortic wall motion of healthy and hypertensive subjects: Evaluation of tissue Doppler velocity imaging
Authors: Huang Ying , Hu Bing , Huang Pin‐Tong , Sun Hai‐Yan , Zhu Jia‐An 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPurpose.To investigate the potential clinical application of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) for motion measurement of the aortic wall in healthy and hypertensive adults.Method.We used TDI to examine 53 hypertensive and 29 sex‐matched healthy adults. Maximum velocity of the first and second systolic wall expansion peaks (S1, S2), maximum velocity of early (D) and end (E) diastolic retraction velocity peaks, pulse wave transmit time (PWTT), and stiffness index (β) of the abdominal aorta were measured and compared as for factors influencing vascular compliance, including age, sex, and blood pressure.Results.Compared with the healthy subjects, the wall motion waveform of hypertensive patients showed absent E, mixed S1 and S2 peaks, and blunted S1. S1 and D were lower in hypertensive than in healthy subjects. Shortened PWTT and increased indicated increased aortic stiffness in both male and female hypertensive subects when compared with controls. Age, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and sex were the significant independent factors modulating S1, while DBP and age were the significant independent factors modulating D. PWTT was independently influenced by age and systolic blood pressure.Conclusion.This study provides evidence that abdominal aortic wall motion measurement with TDI could demonstrate qualitative and quantitative wall motion features differentiating hypertensive from healthy adults. Wall motion velocity and PWTT could reflect abdominal aortic compliance changes related to age, sex, and blood pressure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008.
Four‐dimensional sonography with B‐flow imaging and spatiotemporal image correlation for visualization of the fetal heart
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Dai Shu‐Yan , Inubashiri Eisuke , Kanenishi Kenji , Tanaka Hirokazu , Yanagihara Toshihiro , Araki Seiko 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPurpose.To use B‐flow imaging with 4‐dimensional (4D) sonography and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) in the evaluation of normal fetal heart and congenital heart disease during pregnancy.Method.Volume data sets of the fetal heart were acquired with automated transverse and longitudinal sweeps of the anterior chest wall. We studied 13 normal fetuses and 2 fetuses with congenital heart disease (1 double‐outlet right ventricle and 1 hypoplastic left heart syndrome) at gestation ages ranging from 13 to 39 weeks using transabdominal 4D B‐flow sonography with STIC (4D BF‐STIC).Results.4D BF‐STIC demonstrated dynamic angiographic features in both normal and abnormal fetal hearts. 4D BF‐STIC images could not be obtained in 2 normal fetuses at 18.1 and 33.1 weeks because of the high fetal heart rate and inappropriate fetal position. In normal fetal heart, characteristic hemodynamic changes in both atria and ventricles were clearly demonstrated in systole and diastole. 4D BF‐STIC also allowed visualization of the relationship, size, and course of the outflow tracts, thus helping the examiner to better understand the relationships between the vessels. In a case of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, dramatic hemodynamic changes including the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery were evident. In a case of double‐outlet right ventricle with ventricular septal defect, left‐to‐right shunt flow through a ventricular septal defect was clearly shown, as were great arteries originating in parallel from the right ventricle.Conclusion.4D BF‐STIC provides a means of real‐time 3‐dimensional evaluation of fetal intracardiac and extracardiac hemodynamics in the second and third trimesters. This novel technique assists in the evaluation of fetal cardiac hemodynamics and may play an important role in future fetal cardiac research and in the evaluation of congenital heart disease in the fetus. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008.
Pharmaceutical analysis by supercritical fluid chromatography: Optimization of the mobile phase composition on a 2‐ethylpyridine column
Authors: Brunelli Claudio , Zhao Yining , Brown Melissa‐Hanna , Sandra Pat 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe separation of neutral, acidic, and basic pharmaceuticals with diverse physicochemical properties by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography (pSFC) on a 2‐ethylpyridine column (25 cm×4.6 mm id, 3 μm particles) is presented. The optimization strategy involved separations at 100% methanol (MeOH) and at 50% MeOH/50% ACN while keeping the peak symmetry additives formic acid (FA) and isopropylamine (IPA) at constant levels of 0.25% v/v. By plotting the adjusted retention times as a function of the MeOH/ACN ratio, an optimal modifier ratio composition of 65% MeOH/35% ACN was found. The total set of 26 neutral, acidic, and basic pharmaceuticals was analyzed and the optimal composition experimentally verified. This mobile phase composition is currently used in pharmaceutical method development and open‐access generic screening environments.
Is there any place for alimentary probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics, for patients with inflammatory bowel disease?
Authors: Seksik Philippe , Dray Xavier , Sokol Harry , Marteau Philippe 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves an interaction between genetically determined host susceptibility, dysregulated immune response, and the enteric microbiota. Ecological treatments including probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are actively studied in Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and pouchitis. We review herein the literature on the rational use of probiotics in IBD considering efficacy (as evaluated in randomized controlled trials), mechanisms of action and safety issues. A probiotic effect is strictly restricted to one defined strain and cannot be generalized from one to another. There is evidence of efficacy of some probiotic drugs in pouchitis (VSL#3), and in the prevention of recurrence of UC (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917). However, the evidence for efficacy of probiotic drugs in CD is still low as well as that of dietary ecological treatments. Despite an ecological (hopefully nutritional) treatment of IBD is promising, many questions remain unanswered and further clinical and fundamental studies are needed.
6‐Shogaol induces apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cells via ROS production, caspase activation, and GADD 153 expression
Authors: Pan Min‐Hsiung , Hsieh Min‐Chi , Kuo Jen‐Min , Lai Ching‐Shu , Wu Hou , Sang Shengmin , Ho Chi‐Tang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGinger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, is a traditional medicine with anti‐inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. This study examined the growth inhibitory effects of the structurally related compounds 6‐gingerol and 6‐shogaol on human cancer cells. 6‐Shogaol [1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐decen‐3‐one] inhibits the growth of human cancer cells and induces apoptosis in COLO 205 cells through modulation of mitochondrial functions regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS generation occurs in the early stages of 6‐shogaol‐induced apoptosis, preceding cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation. Up‐regulation of Bax, Fas, and FasL, as well as down‐regulation of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL were observed in 6‐shogaol‐treated COLO 205 cells. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), but not by other antioxidants, suppress 6‐shogaol‐induced apoptosis. The growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD)‐inducible transcription factor 153 (GADD153) mRNA and protein is markedly induced in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner in response to 6‐shogaol.
Effect of artichoke extract (Cynara scolymusL.) on palmitic‐1‐14C acid oxidation in rats
Authors: Juzyszyn Zygmunt , Czerny Boguslaw , Pawlik Andrzej , Drozdzik Marek 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStudies on the effect of the artichoke extract (AE) on oxidation of palmitic‐1‐14C acid administered intravenously to rats at a dose 25 and 50 mg/kg bw demonstrated marked enhancement of both14CO2expiration rate and14CO2recovery in the expired air. The extract suppressed accumulation of palmitic‐1‐14C acid in serum lipids and epididymal fat pad tissue as well. The effects of the extract on14CO2expiration rate,14CO2recovery, as well as accumulation of palmitic‐1‐14C acid were dose dependent. Total14CO2recovery in expired air during 60 min was elevated by 17.3% (p< 0.05) and 52.1% (p< 0.001) in rats administered the extract at a dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg, respectively. The rats supplemented with the AE at a dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg bw were characterized by 10.0% (not significant) and 19% (p< 0.05) decrease in14C radioactivity of serum lipids as well as reduction of epididymal fat tissue14C radioactivity by 8.7 and 17.5% (p< 0.05), respectively, in comparison with the control rats. Thus, the results demonstrate that the AE possess stimulatory properties with respect to oxidation of palmitic acid administered to rats, and provide new information on the mechanism of antilipemic activity of the extract associated with activation of lipid oxidation in the organism.
Kinetin enhances in vitro development of parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer porcine embryos
Authors: Won C. , Park S.K. , Cho S.‐G. , Min B.‐M. , Roh S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCulture conditions affect the development of mammalian embryos in vitro. Kinetin belongs to the family of N6‐substituted adenine derivates and promotes cell division, synthesis of DNA repair enzymes, superoxide dismutase activity, and ribosomal RNA transcription. We investigated the effects of kinetin on in vitro development of parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer (NT) porcine embryos. These embryos were cultured with or without kinetin in either BSA‐ or polyvinyl alcohol‐containing medium for 7 days. mRNA expression of three developmentally important genes, HSP70, Glut‐1, and poly[A] polymerase in NT embryos was analyzed. Regardless of kinetin supplementation, the proportion of blastocysts and blastocyst cells were not significantly different in parthenogenetic embryos. However, kinetin supplementation increased expansion and hatching rates in all groups. In somatic cell NT embryos, kinetin increased the proportion of embryos developed to blastocysts from 7.5% to 15.4% in medium supplemented with PVA. However, gene expression levels of HSP70, poly[A] polymerase and Glut‐1 mRNA were not significantly different in NT blastocysts. The present study indicates that kinetin not only improves blastocyst expansion and cell number of parthenogenetic porcine embryos but also enhances NT porcine embryo development in a completely defined culture condition in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1701–1709, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.