bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Satisfaction with Computer‐Assisted Behavioural Risk Screening in Primary Care
Authors: Chisolm Deena J. , Gardner William , Julian Teresa , Kelleher Kelly J. 
Published: June 2008

Background:  This study measures patient satisfaction with a computerised mental health and risk‐behaviour screening tool and predictors of satisfaction.Method:  Youth, aged 11–20, were recruited to use a laptop‐based screening system in nine primary care clinics. The study assessed correlations between satisfaction with the system and selected predictors.Results:  Most users were satisfied with their experience. Multivariate logistic regression found perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust to be significantly associated with high satisfaction. Satisfaction was not related to computer experience or risk behaviour status.Conclusions:  Adolescent patients, even those at risk, accept computer‐assisted screening in primary care.
Participation in Activity and Risk for Incident Delirium
Authors: Yang Frances M. , Inouye Sharon K. , Fearing Michael A. , Kiely Dan K. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Jones Richard N. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVES: To examine the mediating role between educational attainment and risk for incidence delirium of activity participation and to examine the contribution of participation in specific activities to the development of delirium.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: Urban teaching hospital in New Haven, Connecticut.PARTICIPANTS: Participants were drawn from two prospective cohort studies of 779 newly hospitalized patients aged 70 and older without dementia.MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome was delirium, measured using the full Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) algorithm, which consisted of acute onset and fluctuating course, inattention, and disorganized thinking or altered level of consciousness, as rated by trained clinical interviewers.RESULTS: Bivariable results indicated a significant relationship between education and the development of delirium (odds ratio (OR)=0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.88–0.97) and between activity and delirium (OR= 0.60, 95% CI=0.46–0.79). In multivariable analysis, activity mediated the relationship between education and risk for delirium. Considering each activity separately, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that regular exercise significantly lowered the risk for developing delirium (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.60–0.96).CONCLUSION: In older persons without dementia, activity participation before hospitalization is a mediator between education and incidence of delirium. Specifically, it was found that participation in regular exercise was found to be significantly protective against delirium.
Fracture Force, Deflection, and Toughness of Acrylic Denture Repairs Involving Glass Fiber Reinforcement
Authors: Kostoulas Ioannis , Kavoura Victoria T. , Frangou Mary J. , Polyzois Gregory L. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Purpose: Fractures in acrylic resin dentures occur quite often in the practice of prosthodontics. A durable repairing system for denture base fracture is desired to avoid recurrent fracture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture force, deflection, and toughness of a heat‐polymerized denture base resin repaired with autopolymerized resin alone (C), visible light‐polymerizing resin (VLC), or autopolymerizing resin reinforced with unidirectional (Stick) (MA‐FS) and woven glass fibers (StickNet) (MA‐SN). Another group was repaired with autopolymerized resin after wetting the repair site with methyl methacrylate (MA‐MMA) for 180 seconds. A group of intact specimens was used as control. Materials and Methods: Heat‐polymerizing acrylic resin was used to fabricate the specimens. The specimens (10 per group) were sectioned in half, reassembled with a 3‐mm butt‐joint gap, and repaired. A cavity was included when glass fibers were used. Three‐point bending was used to test the repaired site, and data were analyzed with one‐way ANOVA and the Tukey's post hoc test (α≤ 0.05). Results: Fracture force, deflection, and toughness for the repaired groups without reinforcement (MA: 46.7 ± 8.6 N, 2.6 ± 0.3 mm, 0.08 ± 0.001 J; MA‐MMA: 41.0 ± 7.2 N, 2.7 ± 0.4 mm, 0.07 ± 0.002 J) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the control group (C: 78.6 ± 9.6 N, 5.9 ± 0.4 mm, 0.27 ± 0.003 J). Repair with visible light‐polymerizing resin (VLC, 15.0 ± 4.0 N, 1.2 ± 0.4 mm, 0.02 ± 0.0001 J) resulted in significant reduction of mechanical properties (p < 0.05). Reinforcement with glass fibers restored (MA‐SN: 75.8 ± 9.2 N) or increased (MA‐FS: 124.4 ± 12.5 N) the original strength. Conclusion: The most effective repair method was the use of autopolymerized resin reinforced with unidirectional glass fibers.
Effect of Different Exposure Times on Microwave Irradiation on the Disinfection of a Hard Chairside Reline Resin
Authors: Mima Ewerton G. , Pavarina Ana Claudia , Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana , Vergani Carlos Eduardo , Spolidorio Denise Madalena P. , Machado Ana Lucia 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of different exposure times of microwave irradiation on the disinfection of a hard chairside reline resin. Materials and Methods: Sterile specimens were individually inoculated with one of the tested microorganisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Bacillus subtilis) and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. For each microorganism, 10 specimens were not microwaved (control), and 50 specimens were microwaved. Control specimens were individually immersed in sterile saline, and replicate aliquots of serial dilutions were plated on selective media appropriate for each organism. Irradiated specimens were immersed in water and microwaved at 650 W for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 minutes before serial dilutions and platings. After 48 hours of incubation, colonies on plates were counted. Irradiated specimens were also incubated for 7 days. Some specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Results: Specimens irradiated for 3, 4, and 5 minutes showed sterilization. After 2 minutes of irradiation, specimens inoculated with C. albicans were sterilized, whereas those inoculated with bacteria were disinfected. One minute of irradiation resulted in growth of all microorganisms. SEM examination indicated alteration in cell morphology of sterilized specimens. The effectiveness of microwave irradiation was improved as the exposure time increased. Conclusion: This study suggests that 3 minutes of microwave irradiation can be used for acrylic resin sterilization, thus preventing cross‐contamination.
A New Retrieval System for Cement‐Retained Implant Superstructures: A Technical Report
Authors: Ichikawa Tetsuo , Ishida Osamu , Watanabe Megumi , Tomotake Yoritoi , Wei Hua , Jianrong Chen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis article discusses two methods for improving the retrievability of cement‐retained implant superstructures. One method involves incorporating a removal screw in the superstructure and the second method uses a small dimple on the abutment, accessed through a vent in the superstructure.
Transcutaneous Tibial Implants: A Surgical Procedure for Restoring Ambulation After Amputation of the Distal Aspect of the Tibia in a Dog
Authors: DRYGAS KEVIN A. , TAYLOR ROBERT , SIDEBOTHAM CHRISTOPHER G. , HUGATE RONALD R. , MCALEXANDER HEATHER 
Published: June 2008

Objective— To report surgical planning, technique, and long‐term outcome of custom transcutaneous tibial implants used to restore ambulation after bilateral pelvic limb amputation in a dog.Study Design— Case report.Animals— A 4‐year‐old, 25.5 kg, female spayed, Siberian Husky.Methods— Computed tomographic scans of the pelvic limbs were used to build sterolithographic models of the remaining tibia after bilateral amputation of the distal aspect of the tibiae. The sterolithographic models facilitated fabrication of implants that would replace the missing distal segments of the tibiae. Custom implants were surgically placed in both limbs.Results— Assisted ambulation was restored immediately postoperatively and unassisted locomotion occurred at 7 days. At 14 months, aseptic loosening of the right implant occurred, it was removed and a 2nd transcutaneous implant was fabricated and implanted. At 26 months after initial surgery and 17 months after revision of the right implant, function is restored at a walk, trot, and run.Conclusion— Based on over a 2‐year follow‐up, transcutaneous tibial implants allowed for restoration of locomotion.Clinical Relevance— Transcutaneous tibial implants offer a potentially viable treatment option for restoring ambulation after amputation of the distal aspect of the tibiae in the dog.
Accuracy of Fragment Positioning After TPLO and Effect on Biomechanical Stability
Authors: WINDOLF MARKUS , LEITNER MICHAEL , SCHWIEGER KARSTEN , PEARCE SIMON G. , ZEITER STEPHAN , SCHNEIDER ERICH , JOHNSON KENNETH A. 
Published: June 2008

Objective—To compare tibial plateau rotation after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy with the radiographically planned rotation and to determine the effect of translations and rotations of the tibial plateau fragment on the biomechanical stability of the construct under cyclic loading.Study Design—Experimental biomechanical study.Animals—Cadaveric canine pelvic limbs (n=10).Methods—Titanium pins were inserted into the tibial plateau and the proximal metaphysis to track the fragment movements by means of computed tomography (CT) imaging. CT scans were performed (1) before osteotomy, (2) after osteotomy and tibial plateau rotation, and (3) after stabilization with plate and screws. The bones were then cyclically loaded in axial compression.Results—The radiographically planned tibial plateau rotation correlated significantly with the achieved rotation (r=0.73,P=.016), although deviations of up to 4.7° were observed. A significant positive correlation between the amount of rotation about the sawing axis and the plastic deformation of the construct after 30,000 test cycles could be found (r=0.81,P=.005).Conclusion—Considerable deviation occurred between planned and achieved rotation of the tibial plateau fragment. Lower degrees of rotation were beneficial for biomechanical stability.Clinical Relevance—Dogs with larger tibial plateau angles may be at a relatively higher risk for fixation failure, but further studies are needed to establish a safe margin of tibial plateau rotation.
Risk Factors for Tibial Tuberosity Fracture After Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy in Dogs
Authors: BERGH MARY SARAH , RAJALA‐SCHULTZ PÄIVI , JOHNSON KENNETH A. 
Published: June 2008

Objective—To evaluate factors that predispose to tibial tuberosity (TT) fracture after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Dogs (n=182) with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture undergoing 213 TPLO surgeries.Methods—Medical records and radiographs of 2 groups of dogs that had TPLO surgery (2000–2001, 2004–2005) were evaluated to determine the effect of operative technique and surgeon experience on TT fracture.Results—TT fracture was diagnosed in 8 dogs (9 TPLO, 4.2% of surgical procedures). Four fractures occurred after unilateral TPLO in 167 dogs (2.4%), 4 fractures occurred after simultaneous bilateral TPLO in 5 dogs (40%), and 1 fracture occurred after staged bilateral TPLO in 36 dogs (2.8%). Simultaneous bilateral TPLO resulted in a 12.4 times higher odds of TT fracture versus unilateral TPLO (P=.046). The mean absolute thickness of the TT after TPLO was less in dogs sustaining TT fractures (7.2 ± 2.2 mm) than those that did not (10.8 ± 2.7 mm,P<.0001). The odds of fracture decreased by 37% when the absolute TT width postosteotomy increased by 1 mm (P<.0001). An increase in tibial plateau angle at follow‐up versus immediately postoperative was associated with TT fracture (P=.025). Surgeon experience was not associated with TT fracture.Conclusion—A combination of surgical decision‐making and surgical technique play a role in the occurrence of TT fracture after TPLO. Simultaneous bilateral TPLO was associated with a high percentage of TT fracture.Clinical Relevance—Careful planning of osteotomy positioning is advised while performing TPLO surgery.
Effect of Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Flutter on the Natural History of Subsequent Atrial Arrhythmias
Authors: LURIA DAVID M. , HODGE DAVID O. , MONAHAN KRISTI H. , HAROLDSON JANIS M. , SHEN WIN‐KUANG , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. , HAMMILL STEPHEN C. , MUNGER THOMAS M. , GLIKSON MICHAEL , GERSH BERNARD J. , PACKER DOUGLAS L. , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. 
Published: June 2008

Introduction: Patients with atrial flutter (AFL) treated medically are at high risk for subsequent development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether curative radiofrequency ablation of AFL can modify the natural history of arrhythmia progression is not clear. We aimed to determine whether ablation of AFL decreases the subsequent development of AF in patients without previous AF. Methods and Results: Patients with AFL as the sole atrial arrhythmia were selected from patients who underwent successful AFL ablation at Mayo Clinic between 1997 and 2003 (N = 137). The cohort was divided by presence (n = 50) or absence (n = 87) of structural heart disease. A control group comprised 59 patients with AFL and no history of paroxysmal AF, who received only medical therapy. Occurrence of AF after AFL ablation was compared among study groups and controls. Symptomatic AF occurred in 49 patients during 5 years of follow‐up after AFL ablation, with similar frequency in both study groups. The cumulative probability of paroxysmal and chronic AF was similar in controls and each study group. By multivariate analysis, the AFL ablation procedure carries significant risk of AF occurrence during follow‐up. Fifty patients discontinued antiarrhythmic drugs after AFL ablation, and the rate of cardioversions decreased. Conclusion: Successful ablation of AFL does not improve the natural history of atrial arrhythmia progression; postablation AF is frequent. This suggests that AFL may be initiated by bursts of AF and that in the absence of AFL substrate the AF continues to progress.
Reliability Assessment of a Cooled Intraesophageal Balloon to Prevent Thermal Injury During RF Cardiac Ablation: An Agar Phantom Study
Authors: LEQUERICA JUAN L. , BERJANO ENRIQUE J. , HERRERO MARIA , HORNERO FERNANDO 
Published: June 2008

Introduction:
The use of a cooled intraesophageal balloon has recently been proposed to minimize the risk of thermal injury in the esophagus during radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the left atrium. However, the capacity of this device to adequately protect the esophagus under different procedural and anatomical conditions remains unknown.
Methods and Results:
An agar phantom‐based model was built that provided temperature readings not only on the cooled balloon (Tb) but also at a hypothetical point between the esophageal lumen and myocardium at a distance of 2 mm (T2–mm). The RF ablations were conducted considering two anatomical factors (total distance between the electrode and balloon and flow rate around the electrode) and two procedural factors (angle and pressure between the electrode and agar surface). The results show that most of the parameters studied have no significant influence on the temperature measured on the cooled balloon (Tb), the exception being a variation in the flow rate, which was found to influence the temperature. On the other hand, T2–mm was affected to a great extent by all the factors considered, the smallest influence being that of the contact pressure. The results also suggest that when an intraesophageal balloon is employed, the applied power is not a good predictor either of the temperature on the balloon or of the temperature measured at a distance 2 mm away.
Conclusion:
The results suggest that a cooled intraesophageal balloon provides effective thermal protection of the esophageal lumen. However, under certain circumstances, the temperature reached at a distance 2 mm away could possibly put at risk the integrity of the inner layers of the esophagus.
Audit cultures: Neoliberal governmentality, socialist legacy, or technologies of governing?
Authors: KIPNIS ANDREW B. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTIn this article, I analyze the social processes of performance audits in a variety of cases in China, other postsocialist nations, and a U.S. workplace with Chinese immigrant employees. Although the processes share many commonalities, the ideological evaluations of them by the people involved are often diametrically opposed to those by anthropological analysts. For example, the Chinese workers often describe the performance audits as “socialist,” whereas the anthropological analysts tend to see them as a form of “neoliberal” governmentality. I use these contradictory evaluations to develop a critique of Nikolas Rose's conceptualization of “neoliberal governmentality,” especially when it is used as an explanation for contemporary processes of governing. Building on the comparative analysis of the performance audit cases, I conclude with a call for a classic anthropological approach to the study of audit cultures. [governmentality, audit cultures, China, socialism, neoliberalism]
Relations and disproportions: The labor of scholarship in the knowledge economy
Authors: JIMÉNEZ ALBERTO CORSÍN 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTIn this article, I provide an ethnographic exploration of some of the terms for imagining knowledge in today's “knowledge society,” and I attempt to situate the kind of “sociology of knowledge” behind this imagination. In particular, I am interested in the sociological imagination of knowledge in terms of a relational economy, in which knowledge flows uninterruptedly to create and shape what Yochai Benkler has dubbed “the wealth of networks.” I pursue this interest through an ethnography of the production of research among humanities scholars at Spain's National Research Council (CSIC). For CSIC's human scientists, books (and other bookish analogues, such as libraries or manuscript collections) occupy a place of prominence in the institutional production of research. This economy of scholarship (between books, between people and books, and between what books do and what institutions and researchers imagine them to do) finds itself at a “disproportionate” distance from the “network economy of information” encountered in the literature on the knowledge economy and promoted in certain circles within CSIC. I contrast the epistemological economies of CSIC scientists' relational and disproportional views on research and, ultimately, attempt to provide an anthropological description of a contemporary sociology of knowledge, including its analytical categories and models. [knowledge, knowledge economy, relations, proportionality, labor, academia]
Accounting for MeXicana feminisms
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ MÓNICA RUSSEL Y 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTIn this article, I interrogate the iconic Mexican mother–wife image and practices of feminism of primarily U. S.‐born, Mexicanas–Chicanas (MeXicanas). I anchor disempowering discourses about MeXicana motherhood as subordinate and problematic outside the family, but I look closely within the family context to see how the mother–wife image appears, becomes sustained, and is subverted. I argue for more than the fact of resistance to this image: for a range of practices (“differential movidas”) that, in an ethnographic context, are used to dismantle it. I conclude that, through differential movidas, MeXicanas rework stereotypical ideas despite moments that seem to sustain them. [Chicana, Mexican American, feminism, stereotypes, subjectivity, differential movidas]
Fixing national subjects in the 1920s southern Balkans: Also an international practice
Authors: COWAN JANE K. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThe momentous transition from empire to nation‐state in the early 20th century entailed a challenge for European states to produce “national” subjects–citizens. Scholars examining how diverse populations were incorporated into national projects have typically taken the nation‐state's territorial boundaries as analytical boundaries and have rarely considered nation‐building comparatively or investigated the creation of national subjects as an international practice. Taking the case of the League of Nation's supervision of the Greco–Bulgarian Convention Concerning Reciprocal and Voluntary Emigration in the 1920s, I explore collaboration between international and national agents in disambiguating multistranded affiliations of certain subjects in pursuit of homogeneous nation‐states. [international institutions, nation‐building, supervision, subjects, migration, borders, minorities]
Impacts of considering climate variability on investment decisions in Ethiopia
Authors: Block Paul J. , Strzepek Kenneth , Rosegrant Mark W. , Diao Xinshen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractExtreme interannual variability of precipitation within Ethiopia is not uncommon, inducing droughts or floods and often creating serious repercussions on agricultural and nonagricultural commodities. A dynamic climate module is integrated into an economy‐wide model containing a detailed zonal level agricultural structure. This coupled climate‐economic model is used to evaluate the effects of climate variability on prospective irrigation and infrastructure investment strategies, and the ensuing country‐wide economy. The linkages between the dynamic climate module and the economic model are created by the introduction of a climate‐yield factor (CYF), defined at the crop level and varied across Ethiopian zones. Nine sets of variable climate (VC) data are processed by the coupled model, generating stochastic wet and dry shocks, producing an ensemble of potential economic prediction indicators. Analysis of gross domestic product and poverty rate reveal a significant overestimation of the country's future welfare under all investment strategies when climate variability is ignored. The coupled model ensemble is further utilized for risk assessment to guide Ethiopian policy and planning.
Estimating the range of economic impacts on farms of nutrient leaching reduction policies
Authors: Fezzi Carlo , Rigby Dan , Bateman Ian J. , Hadley David , Posen Paulette 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDeclining agricultural incomes, increasing concern over rural poverty and sporadic crises such as those of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Foot and Mouth Disease mean that the imposition of further costs on U.K. agriculture are likely to be politically and socially sensitive. Such additional costs are however on the agenda with the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD; European Commission, 2000). The WFD aims to achieve “good ecological status” in EU water bodies reducing, inter alia, diffuse pollution from agriculture. In this study, we assess four possible WFD measures proposed to the U.K. Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs: reducing inorganic fertilizer application, conversion of arable land to ungrazed grassland, reducing livestock stocking rates, and reducing livestock dietary N and P intakes. For each measure, changes in farm gross margins (FGMs) are estimated using a dataset of over 2000 farms. In contrast to previous analyses, which have focussed upon mean responses on stylized farms, our approach allows the analysis of the range of impacts across a wide variety of real‐world farms and farm types. Findings reveal high variability in impacts. Cost‐effectiveness analysis indicates that, on average, cropping farms seem capable of reducing nutrient leaching in a more cost‐efficient way than livestock or dairy enterprises.