bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Celiac disease in Turkish short‐statured children and the value of antigliadin antibody in diagnosis
Authors: AltuntaŞ Buket , Kansu Aydan , Ensari Arzu , GİRgİN Nurten 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background.
It is generally accepted that celiac disease (CD) must always be taken into consideration when dealing with children manifesting growth failure. It is, therefore, important to have laboratory tests capable of detecting patients who should undergo intestinal biopsy. In this study, we have prospectively evaluated clinical characteristics, gliadin antibody measurements and duodenal biopsies in 47 children with short stature and without gastrointestinal symptoms, in order to determine the incidence of CD and the diagnostic value of immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG antigliadin antibodies (AGA) for CD.
Methods:
Anthropometric parameters and IgA‐ and IgG AGA were evaluated in 47 children with short stature. Antigliadin antibodies were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (Euroimmun kit). Endoscopic intestinal biopsies were taken from all children.
Results:
On the basis of intestinal biopsy, 26 (55.3%) patients were found to be probable CD. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for IgA AGA was found to be 23, 90, 75 and 48%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and PPV for IgG AGA was 100, 0 and 55%, respectively. The NPV for IgG AGA was not determined.
Conclusions:
The results of our study demonstrated that because of their incomplete sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV, intestinal biopsy can not be replaced by these tests.
Pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Dhawan Anil , Muiesan Paolo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLiver transplantation in children has become a treatment of choice for end‐stage liver disease. Both graft and patient survival has significantly improved over the last two decades. The major factor contributing towards improved survival is availability of cyclosporin. Surgical innovations like living related donation has not only increased the donor pool, but has also helped patients in countries where cadaveric donation is not available. Auxiliary liver transplantation has made a significant change to the management of children with liver‐based metabolic disorders and, in selected cases of acute liver failure, immunosuppression can be safely withdrawn once the native liver recovers. However, the complications associated with immunosuppression, such as nephrotoxicity, Iymphoproliferative disease and viral infections, continue to be a matter of great concern. Most children with good graft function enjoy near normal quality of life.
Prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining in pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas
Authors: TokuÇ GÜLnur , DoǦAn ÖNer , Ayan İNcİ , Kebudİ RejİN , DoǦAn Sema , DemİRyont MİSten , ÇAmlica Hakan 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background
: The levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are almost negligible in long‐term quiescent cells and increase dramatically during the cell cycle. Recently, the monoclonal antibodies to PCNA have been used to demonstrate the proliferative component of paraffin‐embedded tumor tissues. It has been shown to be available as a simple histological marker of proliferative activity and the PCNA labeling index has been correlated with the prognosis of several malignant neoplasms.
Methods
: Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue specimens of 29 primary pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas were immunostained by using an anti‐PCNA monoclonal antibody (DAKO PCNA PC 10). The relationship between the PCNA index and prognosis, clinicopathological features and survival were assessed retrospectively.
Results
: The mean PCNA index for the whole series was 54%. There was no correlation between PCNA index and any of the clinicopathological characteristics. However, patients having tumors with a high (> 54%) PCNA index demonstrated significantly lower survival rates than tumors with a low (< 54%) PCNA index (P‐ 0.01). Moreover, there were significantly more patients with relapse or progressive disease in the high PCNA index group (P = 0.005).
Conclusion
: The PCNA labeling index can be a useful prognostic factor and a good indicator of recurrence and/or survival in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma.
Infantile hemangioendothelioma of the thymus with massive pleural effusion and Kasabach‐Merritt syndrome: Histopathological, flow cytometrical analysis of the tumor
Authors: Hiraiwa Hisayuki , Hamazaki Minoru , Tsuruta Satoru , Hattori Hiroyoshi , Mimaya Jun‐Ichi , Hasegawa Shirou , Kohno Sumio , Aoki Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractInfantile hemangioendothelioma of the thymus is a rare disease. We describe a patient who developed a large anterior mediastinal mass, severe thrombocytopenia and massive pleural effusion at 1 month of age. Glucocorticosteroid and irradiation therapy had no effect on either the tumor size or clinical symptoms and the tumor was resected subtotally. Three months after the subtotal resection, the remaining tumor had almost disappeared and the symptoms had resolved. The patient has now been well for 1 year after surgery without evidence of recurrence. The tumor tissue was characterized by prominent vascular endothelial proliferation intermixed with a normal thymic structure, producing a picture consistent with that of an infantile hemangioendothelioma in the thymus, lmmunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed positive staining for vimentin, factor VIII and CD34. The DNA stemline and proliferative activity were examined by flow cytometry, which revealed a diploid stemline with a low growth fraction. DNA content and cell cycle analyses of the tumor tissue may be useful for predicting the biological behavior of the tumor.
The Industrial Organization of Financial Markets in Thailand
Authors: Mori Nobuhiro , Tsutsui Yoshiro 
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the industrial organizational features of the financial markets in Thailand which may play an important role in promoting the recent high economic growth. Specifically, we examine whether or not the market‐structure‐performance hypothesis is valid by estimating profit and cost functions. The main results are as follows:1) market concentration in Thailand is higher than in Japan;2) expense rate of Thai commercial banks is considerably higher than Japanese banks;3) economies of scale are not found;4) the more concentrated the market is, the larger are the profits and costs of the commercial banks.
Determinants of R and D Activity in Japan
Authors: Cortes Bienvenido 
Published: October 2007

Numerous studies by Schumpeter (1950), Comanor (1965, 1967), Mansfield (1988), and Scherer (1992), among others, have identified and analysed various causes and motivations for firms’innovative activity including firm size, profitability, market concentration, ‘returns’to R and D investment, and interfirm rivalry.1 Recent international trade studies indicate that comparative advantage results partly from investment in R and D.According to Takenaka (1991), R and D activity in Japan is primarily led by the private sector, it is becoming more capital‐intensive, and has a higher marginal profitability. He also argues that despite the strong relationship between R‐and‐D‐intensive industries and technology imports (which fuels the criticism that Japan ‘freeloads’on the R and D activity of other countries), basic research as a percentage of R and D spending is higher in Japan than in the US. Mansfield states, however, that Japanese basic research has not been productive and that much of Japan's success is due to its ‘applied R and D’. Another important difference, Mansfield points out, is that R and D spending is more positively related to firm size in Japan than in the US.2This paper analyses the determinants of R and D spending in Japan. In particular, it looks at the relationships between R and D activity and factors such as firm size, profitability and the degree of competition or rivalry in the market. The study uses cross‐sectional data for a number of major industries in Japan.
The Market Shares of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Taiwan Manufacturing*
Authors: Hu Ming‐Wen , Schive Chi 
Published: October 2007

Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SEM s) have played an important role in many countries’industrial development. Among these countries, Taiwan is well known for the outstanding performance of its SME s. Limited knowledge about the causes of such performance has been revealed gradually. The main purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of SME s’market shares in Taiwan's manufacturing sector. According to economics literature, economies of scale determine the market share of SME s. The usual explanation given is that economies of scale create barriers against SME s entering the market and competing efficiently with larger firms. It is also said that the strong entrepreneurial drive to have a self‐owned business is a crucial explanation for the creation of new businesses, usually as offshoots from a small one. Finally, such factors such as an even‐handed policy scheme, the availability of technology in relation to R&D, transaction costs, and so forth, are also important for creating a favourable environment for SME s.Applying cross‐industry pooling data from 1976 to 1986, the market shares of SME s in Taiwan's manufacturing sector were found to be affected by the following factors: (1) SME s’performance related to labour productivity and their willingness to set up new enterprises; (2) institutional factors including low entry barriers, suitable technology, the adoption of a subcontract system, and prosperous export markets. The empirical findings are compared with those from studies of the US and Germany.
Report on the EEC Workshop on Graphics Certification Defining a Device Interface for Certification Miltenberg/Darmstadt, FRG25–28 April 1982
Authors: Brodlie K.W. , Pfaff G.E. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe outcome of the Miltenberg meeting shows that a practical method of certification by testing (falsification) can be developed, given a reasonable amount of time and effort. It is based on semiautomatic comparison at the “device” interface of a candidate implementation against a so‐called reference implementation. A prerequisite for this method is the availability of a number of isolated simple basic facilities of the candidate implementation which have been verified by pictorial testing and by testing through operator actions.To permit semi‐automatic comparison, a format for describing graphical output and input items and their associated properties must be defined. The workshop produced an outline design for such a format, which can be applied at any interface within GKS at which testing might be desirable.
Hidden Lines using the EXCELL Method
Authors: Tamminen M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Extendible cell (EXCELL) method provides a data structure for efficient coordinate based access. It stores geometric data into computer storage blocks corresponding to disjoint variable sized rectangular cells accessible by an address calculation type directory. Two efficient hidden line algorithms utilizing an EXCELL structure are presented, both of which perform satisfactorily even if central memory is small compared to the total amount of data. The computation time is approximately proportional to the amount of input. An important aspect of the method is that the programs are contained within a “standard” general purpose graphics system.
Interactive Computer Graphics Applied to Chemistry: Experiences and New Developments
Authors: Combremont J‐J , Roch M. , Weber J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper is essentially a progress report on three years of effort in computer graphics applied to chemistry. The major technical and human problems encountered when running our facility and integrating it into a chemistry department are described. Then progress of our research project, which is developing application programs in several areas of computer graphics applied to chemical education and research, is reviewed. Recent developments in the field of the representation of dynamic processes in molecules and illustrating some basic concepts of reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry are presented, and the important role of graphics in depicting adequately 3D reaction paths is stressed. Finally, some technical problems arising when using the calligraphic system as an audio‐visual tool for teaching chemistry are discussed and some possible solutions are presented.
The GKS Input Facilities and How To Use Them
Authors: Rosenthal D S H 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe input facilities of GKS, the draft international standard for 2‐D graphics software, are presented from an application programmer's viewpoint. The basic concepts are reviewed, concentrating on the differences between GKS and earlier systems.These input facilities can be used in three distinct styles. One provides high portability by sacrificing control over details of the user interface. Another can exploit hardware capabilities by sacrificing portability. A third can provide portability and control over the user interface, at the cost of extra application code. All three styles are described, and illustrated with skeleton applications.
A VLSI Implementation of the Graphics Standard GKS
Authors: Encamaçao J L , Lindner R. , Mehl M. , Pfaff G. , Strasser W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe main advantage when using a standardized graphics system is quite obvious: the application programs become portable. Integrating such a system ‐ and GKS (Graphical Kernel System) is the only one being standardized internationally ‐ into VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) chips, this graphics system may become an integral part of graphical devices. This guarantees a uniform interface of such devices to GKS applications. Devices of many different kinds will become compatible not only with respect to plugging but even in their logical behaviour, eliminating all device dependencies from the host software.We have started to design the GKS‐chip which will be able to be used in a great variety of devices (vector and raster type). The GKS‐chip will bring the computational power to support real time picture updates, limited only by the maximally attainable output data rate.
Raster Display of a Rotating Object Using Parallel Processing
Authors: Strothotte T. , Funt B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractParallel processing algorithms have been developed which approach real‐time in displaying raster graphics images of a single rotating three‐dimensional object. The hardware required consists of a large number of individual processors with inter‐processor communication restricted to immediate neighbours. The overall structure is as if the processors were spread uniformly over the surface of a sphere. The objects for display are modelled as if they were inside this sphere of processors.Each processor stores the following information:

the intersection points of the object's surface with a radial line extended from the sphere's centre along with the surface normals at those intersection points, and
pixels representing a small section of the screen.

The algorithm involves an organised message‐passing scheme to accomplish rotations of the object description and the subsequent display of the image. A simulation of a system involving several hundred processors indicates that its performance improves as a near‐linear function of the number of processors.
Colour Graphics and te Fifth Generation Workstation
Authors: Willis P J 
Published: October 2007

SummaryIf we accept the above idiosyncratic views, what kind of architecture will the fifth generation machine offer to graphics users? We would hope to see high quality colour raster graphics, tightly coupled to a sophisticated processor but in its own address space. It should allow for pictures much larger than the screen and also at higher resolution. The local disk must be organized to handle the large amounts of data which picture manipulation on this scale calls for. Disk and main memory must have support for manipulation of two dimensional arrays of pixel data and the filing system and its utilities must reflect this. Response is more important than ever.The software to be built on to this hardware is still a matter for conjecture and depends on whether a particular combination of hardware and language family can be packaged to give clear performance advantages. However a real‐time style operating system is essential.Timescales for suitable architectures seem quite short, around two or three years, with software developing beyond that. Certainly such a machine will contain far more graphical software in the operating system than any before and ought to satisfy a wide range of raster graphics applications.
The Specification and Implementation of GKS Application Software in ADA (R)
Authors: Mac an Airchinnigh M 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOne of the most important uses of (interactive) computer graphics is as one of the tools available to a User Interface Management System (UIMS) for a variety of user‐computer environments (UCE). Typical UCEs in vogue are Programming Support Environments (PSE), Expert System Builders (ESB), Office Automation systems (OAS). This paper concentrates on the conceptual relationship that exists between the users on the one hand and computer systems on the other. Such relationships are to be seen in the context of specific application domains. The two standards, GKS and Ada, are chosen to be the background against which the argument for a Software Methodology based on the Abstract Data Type approach, is presented. This has significant implications for a GKS binding to Ada and the development of GKS application software written in Ada. A collection of colour models is considered in detail.Ada(R) is a registered trademark of the U.S. Government, Ada Joint Program Office.
An Algorithm for Determining the Intersection of Two Simple Polyhedra
Authors: Szilvási‐Nagy M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn algorithm is presented for the construction of the intersection of two simple possibly non‐convex polyhedra. The methods of descriptive geometry are applied, so that this three‐dimensional problem can be solved in two dimensions.We have to find all intersections of the edges of each polyhedron with the faces of the other, and these points of intersection can be found in Monge's model. Projecting both polyhedra on the xy and on the xz coordinate planes we obtain two superimposed maps in both projections. The algorithm to find the intersection of two maps is based upon the Shamos‐Hoey, the Bentley‐Ottmann and the Nievergelt‐Preparata algorithms. The asymptotic time requirement for determining the polygon of intersection of two polyhedra is O((N + S)log N), where N is the sum of the numbers of vertices of the two polyhedra and S is the total number of intersections of all projected edges in the xy‐plane (S = O(N2)).
The Winchester Graphics System: A Technical Overview
Authors: Heywood T R , Galton B N , Gillett J , Morffew A J , Quarendon P , Todd S J P , Wright W V 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper gives a technical overview of the Winchester Graphics System. It concentrates on the software system, and in particular, the use of a relational database (PRTV). The main use of the system is in scientific research and it has been used a great deal in Chemistry, Biophysics and related sciences. However, the facilities are general and the same system is used for quite different applications. such as engineering and archaeology. This database has been found to provide researchers with a powerful flexible tool and has helped the UKSC to provide an environment where new ideas can be proposed and evaluated quickly and easily.
An Algorithm for Constructing a Quadtree from Polygonal Regions
Authors: Casciani T. , Falcidieno B. , Fasciolo G. , Pienovi C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractQuadtrees are a class of hierarchical data structures particularly suitable for the representation of images in a compact form. In this paper a new algorithm is described which builds up the quadtree corresponding to polygonal multiply connected regions starting from their boundary representation.
High Performance Colour Displays for Computer Graphics*
Authors: Denham Den 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHigh‐performance computer graphics displays for CAD utilize the Shadow‐Mask CRT (SMCRT). Factors affecting colour‐display quality and ergonomics include beam‐to‐beam convergence, beamspot profile, resolution, brightness, mask pitch, and image linearity. This paper briefly covers the results of recent experiments on eye fatique and vision. In particular, the effects of beam‐to‐beam misconvergence and poor spot performance in colour displays. Extensive discussion is given on beam‐to‐beam misconvergence: What it is, how it is corrected in different SMCRT types, and state‐of‐the‐art techniques for controlling it. Emphasis is given to the digital‐processor based convergence system employing feedback (autoconvergence). Also included are considerations given to selection of CRT types for high‐performance graphics. CRTs are available with dot, slot, or line screens. There are also inline and delta configuration electron guns. Each combination of screen and gun offers tradeoffs in quality, performance, and cost.
Integration of Town Planning, Landscaping and 3D‐Architecture: Results and Future Enhancements since Camp ‘83*
Authors: Joosten Roy 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThrough major innovations in software development Graphicomp succeeded in 1983 in creating ILP program (Intelligent Library Program) as a part of the ICAADS package (Integrated Computer Aided Architectural Design System) which enables maintenance of unlimited intelligent library items, in contrast to huge limited library figure files using large amounts of active diskspace unproductively.Further topics will be discussed:

• Library Graphics aspects
• Relations between library figures and architectural networks.
• ACE menus.
• Relations between various ACE applications.
• Image design and solid modelling in ACE.
• Relations towards 3D town planning and management.
• Features of 3D‐landscaping with image design.
Graphics, Bifurcation, Order and Chaos
Authors: Pickover C.A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractChaos theory involves the study of how complicated behaviour can arise in systems which are based on simple rules, and how minute changes in the input of a system can lead to large differences in the output. In this paper, bifurcation maps of the education Xt+1=αλXt [1+Xt] ‐β, where α= 1 or α=e‐Xi, are presented, and they reveal a visually striking and intricate class of patterns ranging from stable points, to a bifurcating hierarchy of stable cycles, to apparently random fluctuations. The computer‐based system presented is special in its primary focus on the fast characterization of simple “chacs equation” data using an interactive graphics system with a variety of controlling parameters.
Preserving the Area of Regions
Authors: Williams Richard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWhen regions are represented by their boundary, the number of points ((x, y) coordinate pairs) used to define the boundary can vary. Many more points are required to satisfactorily display a region at a detailed scale than at a broad scale. The area of a region is an important property in geographic and other applications, and it can easily be computed from the sequence of points. However, reducing or increasing the number of points in the sequence will usually alter the area. This paper considers how the region's area could be preserved by approximation algorithms, which reduce the number of points, and by enhancement algorithms, which increase the number of points.