bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENERATION OF SYNGENEIC ANTI‐TUMOUR DOUBLE NEGATIVE CELLS (CD4− CD8−), WITH CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AGAINST CLONES OF DIFFERENT MHC CLASS I EXPRESSION.
Authors: Caballero A. , Garrido A. , Algarra I. , Perez M. , Garrido F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY In vivo immunization and secondary culture techniques were used to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes against a tumour cell clone obtained from a methylcholantrene‐induced fibrosarcoma. Our CTLs differed from classical CTLs (Ly2 + and MHC restricted) in that our lymphocytes exhibited a non‐MHC restricted cytotoxic activity directed to the original tumour and to other MCA‐induced tumours, but have failed to demonstrate any killing activity against a wide range of tumour cell lines of diverse origin (including NK sensitive targets). Depletion and phenotypic studies demonstrated that these cells bear the Thy1.2 antigen but are negative for both Ly2 and L3T4 antigens. These CTLs may belong to a double negative subset (CD4−, CD8−) involved in the anti‐tumour response.
RADIATION LEUKEMIA VIRUS AND ITS EFFECT ON H‐2 GENE EXPRESSION
Authors: Brown G. D. , Meruelo D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn this report we demonstrate that lowered expression of the H‐2 antigens on RadLV‐induced tumour cells is a result of depressed levels of stable mRNA in these cells. Whether this observation is a result of lowered transcription or of mRNA instability is under investigation. In an effort to determine which viral sequences are essential for mediating both the H‐2 regulatory function and the transforming function of RadLV, we have begun to assemble newly integrated proviral genomes from tumours. The restriction enzyme cleavage sites of four isolates are presented; these isolates differ substantially from RadLV genomes previously presented. One of these molecular clones is shown to encode a non‐defective B‐tropic, ecotropic virus which when reinjected into resistant mouse strains can mediate the up‐regulation of H‐2Dd antigen expression. Finally, possible mechanisms of H‐2 regulation are discussed.
FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF H‐2k‐LIKE EPITOPES ON DTIC TREATED AND UNTREATED L1210 (H‐2d) CLONES
Authors: Marelli O.E.A. , Franco P. , Labeta M.O. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFollowing ‘in vivo’ treatment with 5‐(3–3′‐dimethyl‐l‐triazeno)imidazole‐4‐carbox‐amide (DTIC), murine leukemic cells acquire new antigenic specificities not detectable on parental cells and responsible for the rejection of the tumour by syngeneic hosts.‘In vivo’ and ‘in vitro’ experiments pointed out an immunological cross reactivity between DTIC treated and untreated lines. Furthermore, specific CTLs raised against DTIC treated L1210 tumour cells (H‐2d) were cytotoxic for H‐2k target cells. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the H‐2k cross reactivity displayed by L1210/DTIC is related to the drug treatment rather than due to an antigen already present in the parental line and maintained after treatment. Cloned cells from L1210, obtained by limiting dilution ‘in vitro’, were recloned ‘in vivo’ and then treated with DTIC. Syngeneic and allogeneic CTLs raised ‘in vitro’ against parental and treated clones showed lytic activity against H‐2k target cells. Treated and untreated clones were then checked for the presence of H‐2k‐like determinants using monoclonal antibodies. One of these, HB‐53 (IgG2bKkDk was highly positive with all the clones tested in binding assay using iodinated Fab anti‐mouse Ig, fluorescence and FACS analysis. Others displayed a low reactivity against both treated and untreated clones without significant differences. After neuraminidase treatment of two clones (D and D/DTIC), the H‐100.5 (anti H‐2Kk)‐reactive epitope was dramatically exposed mi the DTIC tumour cells but not on the parental clones. These data suggest that the H‐2k cross reactivity is related to the presence of a TAA that is maintained after treatment. Nevertheless DTIC could enhance the expression of some H‐2k‐like determinants. So far it is not possible to rule out that this phenomenon can contribute to increase the antigenicity of DTIC clones.
MHC CLASS I AND II ANTIGENS ON GASTRIC CARCINOMAS AND AUTOLOGOUS MUCOSA
Authors: Ferron A. , Perez‐Ayala M. , Concha A. , Cabrera T. , Redondo M. , Oliva M. R. , Ruiz‐Cabello F. , Garrido F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe expression of HLA class I and II antigens was analysed in 30 primary gastric carcinomas, 27 autologous lymph node metastases and 25 autologous gastric mucosae. We used an immune alkaline phosphatase technique on cryostatic sections and mAbs directed against HLA class I monomorphic determinants, HLA‐B locus‐specific products and HLA‐DR, ‐DP and ‐DQ molecules. In addition HLA class I genes were analysed in tumour tissue and compared by Southern blots with the RFLP from autologous mucosa using locus‐specific HLA probes. Finally the infiltrating mononuclear cells were studied on gastric tumours and adjacent mucosa with mAbs defining CD4, CD8 and CD11b differentiation antigens.The results obtained showed that three out of 27 primary gastric carcinomas completely lack HLA‐ABC antigens (10%). In addition, two primary tumours presented a variable expression. The remaining 22 tumours presented a homogeneous positive HLA class I expression. Interestingly, when the autologous mucosa was analysed, only 12 out 25 specimens were homogeneously stained with mAbs against HLA class I antigens, suggesting that this tissue may lack the expression of HLA antigens before becoming malignant. Indeed, the majority of the gastric carcinomas studied presented a higher HLA‐ABC antigenic expression than autologous mucosa. Finally, the HLA expression observed in the primary tumour was similar to that observed in autologolous metastases.As a second part of the study we have found a direct relationship between the expression of HLA‐DR antigens in mucosa and the intensity of inflamatory infiltration. This relationship was not maintained in the tumour tissue. In the mucosa the CD4‐positive T cell was the predominant lymphocyte, while it was CD8 in the HLA‐DR‐positive tumours.
TNF‐alpha GENE POLYMORPHISMS: ASSOCIATION WITH TYPE I (INSULIN‐DEPENDENT) DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Badenhoop K. , Schwarz G. , Bingley P. , Trowsdale J. , Usadel K. H. , Gale E. A. M. , Bottazzo G. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe localization of TNF genes on the short arm of chromosome 6 between HLA B and the complement genes focused attention to that genetic region which harbours many immunologically relevant genes and is also thought to hold susceptibility genes for a variety of autoimmune diseases that are linked to specific alleles of particular loci in the HLA D region. Since the recently established HLA‐DR‐DQ variation accounts only for part of the genetic susceptibility to insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) we searched for genomic variation of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha. We have identified a TNF‐alpha restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with N coI and analysed diabetic patients including their families, controls and homozygous typing cell lines (HTC) defined by the 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop. Segregation analysis in families and HTC results show a strong linkage of the TNF‐alpha 5.5 kb allele with DR types in particular with AIB8DR3. This tight linkage of TNF‐alpha alleles with extended haplotypes and the significant increase of heterozygotes in patients could lead to some explanation of the DR3 association with a variety of autoimmune diseases particularly IDDM.
HLA‐DP ANTIGENS AND HTLV‐1 ANTIBODY STATUS AMONG JAPANESE WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: EVIDENCE FOR AN INCREASED FREQUENCY OF HLA‐DPw4.
Authors: ØDum N. , Saida T. , Ohta M. , Svejgaard A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPreviously, an association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and HLA‐DPw4 has been reported in Scandinavians. In the present study, the distribution of HLA‐DP antigens was studied in 34 Japanese MS patients, a11 of whom fulfilled the criteria for definite MS. HLA‐DP typings for DPwl through w6 and the local specificity, CDP‐HEI, were performed using the primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) technique. In addition, the patients were typed for a DR2 +, Dw2 +/Dw12–related, PLT defined specificity. The distribution of DPw1‐w5 in 121 healthy, unrelated Japanese controls were from Nishimura et al., 1984; Nishimura, personal communication). Sera from all 34 patients and 38 controls (both from the HTLV‐1 non‐endemic, Kyoto region) were examined for the presence of HTLV‐1 reacting antibodies by a highly sensitive radioimmuno assay (RIA) using two sources of HTLV‐1 antigens, namely total crude protein preparations from disrupted HTLV‐1 virions and affinity purified p24 HTLV‐1 core proteins.The frequency of DPw4 was significantly increased to 35.3% in Japanese MS patients compared to 16.5% in controls (Relative Risk, RR = 2.8, p = 1.9 × 10−2). 41.6% of the MS patients gave clear typing responses with a PLT reagent which recognized a Dw2+ related specificity, which is higher than the frequency of Dw2 (6.8%) in Japanese.Fourteen of the 34 patient sera contrasting to none of the sera from 38 controls contained antibodies of IgG and/or IgM subclasses reacting with the HTLV‐1 derived antigens. This difference is highly significant (P < 1 × 10−5). However, there was no association between DP or Dw2 phenotypes and antibody status.These data provide evidence that genes within (or closely linked to) the HLA‐DP region confer susceptibility to MS in two genetically different ethnic groups: Japanese and Scandinavians.
VARIANTS OF Mta, THE MOUSE MATERNALLY TRANSMITTED ANTIGEN, DETERMINED BY THREE ALLELES OF THE EXTRACHROMOSOMAL GENE Mtf
Authors: Lindahl K. Fischer , Hausmann B. , Guénet J.‐L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwo new forms of Mta, the maternally transmitted antigen of the mouse, were defined by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. One is found in laboratory mice carrying the β allele of the maternally transmitted factor, Mtf, which were previously thought to be Mta‐negative. The other is associated with a new allele, Mtfγ, and is found in wild mice from Toulouse. Like the common form of Mta, determined by the extrachromosomal Mrfα, the new forms are also dependent on the α allele of Hmt, a chromosomal gene linked to H‐2. and are associated with β2‐microglobulin. Killers could be raised in all six combinations of a, β, and γ mice, showing that each form of Mtf determines a distinct (set of) epitope(s). We propose that the product of the Hmt gene, a class I MHC antigen, presents a peptide derived from a mitochondrial gene product on the cell surface and thereby creates the target antigen, Mta.
POST‐TRANSLATIONAL POLYMORPHISM OF HUMAN IgA IDENTIFIED BY IMMUNOISOELECTROFOCUSING
Authors: Benedictis G. De , Rose G. , Brancfti C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYImmunoisoelectrofocusing (IIEF) reveals a microheterogeneity of human serum IgA controlled by an autosomal polymorphic gene, termed S. The microheterogeneity disappears when sialic acid is removed from serum glycoproteins by neuraminidase treatment. It can be postulated, therefore, that S encodes a sialyltransferase which attaches sialic acid at the outer prosthetic chains of IgA.
IDENTIFICATION OF A RECOMBINATIONAL SIGNAL SEQUENCE‐SPECIFIC DNA‐BINDING PROTEIN(S) OF Mr 115,000 IN THE NUCLEAR EXTRACTS FROM IMMATURE LYMPHOID CELL LINES
Authors: Miyake S. , Sugiyama H. , Tani Y. , Fukuda T. , Kishimoto S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYRearrangements of immunoglobulin genes are mediated by highly conserved heptamer and nonamer recombinational signal sequence. Using a protein‐blotting procedure, a heptamer and nonamer recombinational signal sequence‐specific DNA‐binding protein(s) was examined in the nuclear extracts from lymphoid and nonlymphoid cell lines. Nuclear extracts were subjected to SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transferred by electroblotting to nitrocellulose filters. Then the filters were hybridized to *P‐labelled synthetic double‐stranded heptamer‐23bp‐nonamer or nonamer‐ l2bp‐heptamer recombinational signal sequence probes. A relatively large amount of a DNA‐binding protein(s) of M, 115,000 for both probes was detected in the nuclear extracts from immature B and immature T cell lines. No DNA‐binding proteins were detected in a myeloma cell line. Interestingly, this DNA‐binding protein(s) might be able to recognize both heptamer and nonamer. Recombinational signal sequence‐specific DNA‐binding activity of the protein(s) and the presence of the protein(s) in a stage‐specific manner strongly suggest that the protein(s) of M, 115,000 detected here may play an important role in the recombination of Ig and TCR genes.
BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RAT MHC CLASS I ANTIGENS. RT1.Aa, RT1.Fa and Pa
Authors: Misra D. N. , Kunz H. W. , Saito M. , Gill T. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn DA strain rats, there are two other MHC class I loci (Pa and RT1.Fa) in the vicinity of the classical class I locus RT1.Aa. The Pa antigen is the pregnancy‐associated antigen, and it was detected by antibodies elicited in WF females pregnant by DA males without any other immunization. The Fa antigen was detected by a monoclonal antibody raised by alloimmunization. In the present work, the Aa, Fa and the Pa antigens have been compared by HPLC peptide mapping and by isoelectric focusing after their isolation by appropriate monoclonal antibodies. All the three antigens are identical in primary structure with respect to lysine, methionine, asparagine and the aromatic amino acid residues, but they differ from one another with respect to glutamic acid and/or aspartic acid residues. The PI values of the antigens differ slightly. All three antigens have two identical N‐linked glycans, but the Fa antigen has an additional N‐linked glycan. Based on the available amino acid sequence of the Pa antigen, it can be concluded that both Aa and Pa antigens are devoid of glycosylation in the second domain. This lack of glycosylation of the classical antigen Aa is unique for the rat, since classical class I antigens of the mouse show glycosylation in the first and second, and sometimes in the third domain, and those in the human, in the first domain only. The high degree of similarity among the Aa, Fa, and Pa molecules that this study indicates is also unique for the rat, since antigens encoded by different class I genes of the same haplotype are quite disparate in the mouse and human.
EXPRESSION OF I‐Aαk AND ALLELIC RESTRICTION ON Aα/Aα PAIRING IN TRANSGENIC MICE
Authors: Martin J. , Wei B‐Y. , Savarirayan S. , David C. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYCell surface expression of class II major histocompatibility complex encoded (la) molecules depends on association of the component α and β chain into a stable heterodimer. Studies on cell lines transfected with MHC class II genes have revealed important limitations on the assembly of haplotype‐mismatched Aα:Aβ complex. In order to study α: β chain pairing restrictions in vivo a number of lines of transgenic mice carrying the Aαk gene were generated. The transgene was studied in the context of H‐2b, H‐2s, H‐24, H‐2u, H‐2f and H‐2v haplotypes. Initial FACS analysis of spleen and peripheral blood cells showed no Aαk expression. Spleen cells stimulated with LPS and analysed by FACS showed Aαk expression in three different H‐2b strains as well as H‐2u, but not in others. These data indicate that Aαk can associate with Aβb and Aαk, but not with Aβs,Aβq, Aβf, Aβv.
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF TWO RECOMBINANT MOUSE STRAINS WITH CROSSOVERS IN THE Eα RECOMBINATION HOT SPOT
Authors: Lafuse W. P. , Lee S. T. , David C. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYRecombination in the Eα gene of the mouse major histocompatibility complex has been found to occur only in mice derived from crosses between strains with the k and p haplotypes. In the present paper the crossover sites of six additional strains were examined by RFLP analysis. These recombinant strains were derived from crosses between strains (B10.RPD1, B10.RPD2) with crossovers in the Eα gene and B10.M (H‐2f). Four have crossover sites between the Eα gene and the S region. One recombinant (B10.RFD7) also crossed over within the Eα gene and a second (B10.RPF1) crossed over within a segment located to the left of the Eα gene. This study suggests that the DNA sequence responsible for recombination in the Eα gene is also present in the B10.RPD1 and B10.RPD2 recombinant strains.
HLA IN JUVENILE DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS: CLINICAL HETEROGENEITY CORRELATED WITH DNA AND SEROLOGICAL POLYMORPHISM
Authors: Amoroso A. , Mazzola G. , Canale L. , Borelli I. , Dallomo A. M. , Curtoni E. S. , Ansaldi N. , Fusco P. , Elia G. , Barbera C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA group of 30 Italian children affected by Dermatitis Herpetiformis (DH) was analysed for HLA region polymorphisms with both serological and DNA methods. Serological typing was performed on HLA‐A, B, C, DR, DQ antigens and C4A, C4B, Bf polymorphisms. DNA RFLPs obtained with TaqI enzyme were investigated with cDNA probes specific for DR beta, DQ alpha and DQ beta genes. The results were correlated with intestinal involvement and age at onset of the disease. The following observations were made: (1) the intestinal biopsies revealed a direct correlation between degree of lesions and age at onset of DH; (2) a significantly increased relative risk (RR) was found for the following HLA antigens: A1 (RR = 2.2), B8 (RR = 6.2), Cw7 (RR = 3.9), C4AQO (RR = 7.4), DR3 (RR = 5.2), DR7 (RR = 4.4), DRw53 (RR = 4.7), DQw2 (RR = 6.0); (3) B8 and DR3 were significantly more frequent in patients with severe intestinal lesions; and (4) of the two DR3 subtypes revealed by RFLP typing, only 3.1 showed an increased frequency in DH patients (RR = 8.4). It is suggested that the susceptibility to Juvenile DH is determined by the same genes, within the HLA region, that are associated with Coeliac Disease.
THE EUROTRANSPLANT HLA‐DRB OLIGONUCLEOTIDE TYPING SET
Authors: Giphart M.J. , Verduijn W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSeveral sequence‐specific oligonucleotides (SSO) were designed based upon available sequences of HLA‐DRB 1 genes which are associated with HLA‐DR serotypes. Targets for these SSO were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products using primers specific for the second exon of DRB genes. In view of practicality, a hybridization system was developed which was independent of temperature or composition of the hybridization buffers, hence uniformly applicable to all SSO, yet allowing discrimination based upon one nucleotide mismatch only. The SSO typing results were compared with HLA serological typing and a high correlation was observed (99%).
HLA‐DRB AND DQB TYPING BY A COMBINATION OF SEROLOGY, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS AND OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBING
Authors: Doherty D.G. , Donaldson P.T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDNA sequencing has revealed extensive polymorphism within the HLA‐DRB and DQB genes of the major histocompatibility complex. At least 43 alleles of the DRB loci and 13 alleles of the DQB1 locus are currently recognized. Identification of these alleles can be performed phenotypically by cellular and serological techniques or genotypically by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probing of DNA amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, each method has its technical limitations so the tissue typing laboratory must therefore choose from the range of available techniques to maximize the efficiency and accuracy of HLA typing. In this paper we describe a scheme for the accurate determination of all the serologically defined DRB and DQB allotypes using a combination of serology, RFLP analysis and PCR‐SSO probing. The efficiencies of serology versus RFLP analysis for the DR typing of 800 individuals, and RFLP analysis versus PCR‐SSO probing for the DQB typing of 317 individuals, are compared and the merits of each technique discussed. This scheme, which types for both HLA‐DRB and DQB with an accuracy approaching 100%, is now routinely employed in all HLA studies of disease and transplantation in our laboratory.
COMBINED USE OF RFLP AND PCR‐ASO TYPING FOR HLA‐DR‐Dw AND DQw TYPING
Authors: BIGNON J.D. , BlDWELL J.L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDue to some limitations of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in HLA‐DR‐DQ typing, we present a combined use of RFLP and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐allele‐specific oligonucleotide (ASO) typing. This scheme consists in selectively amplifying the few RFLP ill‐defined genes (DR1/DR ‘Br’ and DR4‐Dw subsets) using PCR with allele specific primers to avoid cross‐hybridization.
HLA CLASS I NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES, 1991
Authors: Zemmour J. , Parham P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe HLA class I sequences included in this compilation are taken from publications listed in the accompanying paper, Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1990 (Bodmer et al., 1991), and also in Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1989 (Bodmer et al., 1990). Where discrepancies have arisen between reported sequences the original authors have been contacted where possible, and necessary amendments to published sequences have been incorporated into this alignment. Future sequencing may identify errors in this list and we would welcome any evidence that helps to maintain the accuracy of this compilation.In the sequence alignments identity between residues is indicated by a hyphen (‐). An unavailable sequence is indicated by a full point (.). Gaps in the sequence are inserted to maintain the alignment between different alleles showing variation in amino acid number.
ANALYSIS OF HLA SPECIFICITY OF HUMAN MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES BY CYTOFLUORIMETRY AND CELL ELISA
Authors: Pistillo M. P. , Tazzari P. L. , Mazzoleni O. , Urlacher A. , Falco M. , Vitale M. , Karr R. W. , Ferrara G. B. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn this study we report on the characterization of cytotoxic human monoclonal antibodies (HmAb) detecting polymorphic HLA class II specificities using cytofluorimetric analysis in combination with micro cell ELISA. In both techniques, five anti‐HLA HmAb were tested against HLA‐transfected murine L cells as target cells and the bound antibody was detected, either by cytofluorimetry or by cell ELISA reader, after addition of fluoresceinated or peroxidase‐conjugated anti‐human IgG+IgM antibodies, respectively. The results demonstrate that HmAb directed against HLA‐DR, ‐DQ and ‐DP molecules can be efficiently discriminated by cytofluorimetry and cell ELISA, which appear to be highly sensitive and perfectly comparable to the standard cytotoxicity assay.
A DR7 SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TAL13.1, RAISED AGAINST A TRANSFECTANT DETECTS IL‐4 UPREGULATED ANTIGEN ON PERIPHERAL B‐LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Heyes J.M. , Marsh S.G.E. , Sadler A.M. , Madrigal J.A. , Bodmer J.G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA monoclonal antibody TAL13.1 was raised against mouse L cells transfected with the human HLA‐DRB 1*0701 gene. This antibody was found to be polymorphic recognizing a determinant expressed by the DR7, DRβ1*0701 and DRB1*0702 gene products. Four polymorphic sites unique to this specificity have been identified within the DR pi domain. These are residues 11–14, 25, 30 and 71–74, one or a combination of which is postulated as being responsible for conferring the specificity of the antibody. In Western blot analysis TALI3.1 was found to react with the DRαβ dimer, but not with the free α or β chains. However, in flow cytometry it failed to bind a DRα/DQβ mixed pair transfectant confirming that it recognizes an epitope on the DRβ not the DRα chain. Although TAL13.1, a low affinity antibody is negative or only weakly positive on resting peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), we have demonstrated that by interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) stimulation we can up‐regulate the levels of antigen already present and gain a level of binding comparable to that found on B lymphoid cell lines (B‐LCLs) where it has been found to be a valuable reagent in their characterization.