bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal hepatic fatty infiltration as a cause of pseudotumors: Ultrasonographic patterns and clinical differentiation
Authors: Wang Sun‐Sang , Chiang Jen‐Huey , Tsai Yang‐Te , Lee Shou‐Dong , Lin Han‐Chieh , Chou Yi‐Hong , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Wang Jyh‐Seng , Lo Kwang‐Juei 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFocal hepatic fatty infiltration may be mistaken for hepatic neoplasm on ultrasonography. A sonographic feature mimicking “space occupying lesions” was identified in 41 cases with focal fatty liver, which led to the recognition of four sonographic patterns: (1) Ten patients in whom the livers were characterized by irregular configurations of hyperechoic and hypoechoic areas. Although confusing to inexperienced sonographers, all of them were properly interpreted by experienced sonographers. (2) One patient in whom the hepatic sonography revealed a hyperechoic nodule, but which was correctly diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) scan. (3) Six patients in whom the livers were characterized by multiple confluent hyperechoic lesions, which were all misinterpreted by sonographers and misinterpreted following CT scans in 4 cases and angiography in 3 cases. (4) Twenty‐four patients in whom the livers revealed focal spared areas, which was misdiagnosed by sonographers in 14 cases, but correctly diagnosed by CT scan in all 24 cases.
Ultrasound diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux and hiatal hernia in infants and young children
Authors: Westra Sjirk J. , Wolf Bart H. M. , Staalman Chris R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 30 young children suspected of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), the G–E junction was examined with ultrasonography directly after a feeding while these children were on overnight extended esophageal pH monitoring (EEpHM) (32 simultaneous ultrasound/EEpHM studies). The two tests showed 81% to 84% agreement in the detection of the presence or absence of GER, depending on whether the whole period of EEpHM or only the part of it covering the ultrasound observation period were used as the standard. The discrepancies between the two tests were explained by the much longer monitoring period of EEpHM compared to ultrasonography and the inability of EEpHM to show reflux of neutralized gastric contents directly after milk feedings. The two studies probably measure different aspects of clinically significant reflux and must be correlated with the clinical symptoms. Morphological findings associated with significant reflux were (1) a short intra‐abdominal part of the esophagus, (2) a rounded gastroesophageal angle, and (3) a “beak” at the gastroesophageal junction. Barium meal findings confirmed these sonographic signs, indicating a sliding hiatal hernia of the distal esophagus, either fixed or intermittent. Ultrasonography can be recommended as a useful and physiological screening test to demonstrate clinically significant GER and a predisposing hiatal hernia of the esophagus in symptomatic children.
Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of abnormal pregnancies in the first trimester
Authors: Stabile Isabel , Grudzinskas Jurgis , Campbell Stuart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDoppler examination of uteroplacental vessels was performed in the first trimester of pregnancy in 111 women with a normal pregnancy outcome and in 10 women with pregnancies that had or subsequently failed due to anembryonic pregnancy (N = 41, missed abortion (N = 11, subsequent spontaneous abortion of live fetus (N = 21, and ectopic pregnancy (N = 3).Flow velocity waveforms (FVWs) were obtained three times by the same observer from subplacental vessels just within the myometrium. The Resistance Index (RI) of the FVWs was compared with the values obtained from 73 uncomplicated pregnancies and 38 women with threatened miscarriage and normal outcome. There was no apparent difference in the values for RI in the 10 patients whose pregnancies had failed, although the 3 live ectopic pregnancies studied had higher values.Although these studies may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of early placentation, they are unlikely to be of value in the diagnosis of early pregnancy failure.
The length of pregnancy: An echographic reappraisal
Authors: Todros Tullia , Ronco Guglielmo , Lombardo Daniela , Gagliardi Leone 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study of 998 pregnant women was conducted to estimate the random errors in dating pregnancy by menstrual history and by ultrasound measurements of the fetus (crown–rump length or biparietal diameter before 20 weeks, menstrual age) as well as the biological variability of pregnancy length. The latter was found to be 7.74 days. The random errors made when dating pregnancy by menstrual history and by ultrasound measurements were 7.16 days and 4.26 days, respectively. (All variabilities are expressed as standard deviations).The differences between the two methods were mainly attributable to some large errors occurring when dating pregnancy on the basis of menstrual history. Differences between methods of more than 10 days were observed in about 10% of our population. When the two methods were used on the same patients to define a pregnancy as preterm, at term, or postterm, discrepancies were found in about 7% of cases.
Sonographic assessment and grading of spleen size
Authors: Ishibashi Hiromi , Higuchi Noriaki , Shimamura Ryuji , Hirata Yasuhiko , Kudo Jiro , Niho Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonography was used to evaluate spleen size in patients with various clinical conditions including those of the liver, blood, collagen, or autoimmune disease. To express spleen size, a spleen index (SI), the product of the transverse diameter and its perpendicular diameter measured on the maximum cross‐sectional image of the spleen, was used. SI correlated well with the volumes of resected spleens. Splenomegaly was present in high percentages of patients with liver, blood, collagen, and autoimmune disease, even though a majority of these spleens were not large enough to palpate. By grading the SI, characteristic distributions of SI were obtained for patients with different types of diseases. Obtaining and grading the SI by the use of ultrasound appears to be a significant supplemental aid for evaluating spleen size, especially in patients whose spleens are not palpable.
Image‐directed Doppler ultrasound: A screening technique for patients at high risk to develop deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Cronan John J. , Froehlich John A. , Dorfman Gary S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHip fracture patients typify a population at high risk to develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Recently ultrasound has been used successfully to diagnose DVT when clinical suspicion exists. In this prospective study, 88 hip fracture patients asymptomatic for DVT were screened serially with compression ultrasound to assess the development of thrombus within the femoral or popliteal systems. Contrast venography was employed as a control. Twelve of the 76 patients (16%) completing the study were noted by ultrasound to have a clot. Venography confirmed a clot in each case and detected no additional femoral or popliteal clot. The possibility of utilizing ultrasound to screen additional high risk groups for DVT should be investigated based on the encouraging results of this series.
Sonographic appearances of superficial soft tissue lipomas
Authors: Fornage Bruno D. , Tassin Gerard B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh‐resolution real‐time sonography was used to evaluate 35 superficial soft tissue lipomas. Thirty were located in subcutaneous tissues and 5 in superficial muscles. The lipomas were assessed for location, shape and size, boundaries, echotexture, homogeneity, and sound through transmission. All were elongated, with their greatest diameter parallel to the skin. Twenty‐three lipomas (66%) showed a homogenous echotexture. Twenty‐one (60%) were well defined, and the remainder showed ill‐defined margins blending into the surrounding tissues. Twenty‐nine percent of the lipomas were hypoechoic, 22% were isoechoic, 29% were hyperechoic, and 20% showed a mixed pattern. An elongated isoechoic or echogenic mass in the subcutaneous tissues should suggest the diagnosis of lipoma.
Umbilical artery velocity waveforms in early pregnancy: A transvaginal color Doppler study
Authors: Arduini Domenico , Rizzo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a cross‐sectional study, umbilical artery velocity waveforms were recorded in 214 low‐risk pregnancies at 7 weeks to 16 weeks, menstrual age, by means of transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. In all the cases studied, end diastolic velocities were absent until the 10th week. From this age onward end diastolic velocities were present in a percentage of pregnancies, progressively increasing with gestation and reaching 100% at 15 weeks. Similarly, the percentage of cardiac cycles in which end diastolic velocities were absent progressively decreased with advancing menstrual age. The normal range for the pulsatility index was constructed and a quadratic function was found to optimally fit its fall during gestation. No differences in pulsatility index values were found at these menstrual ages in 12 pregnancies that later developed intrauterine growth retardation and/or pregnancy‐induced hypertension, suggesting that placental alterations causing abnormalities in umbilical velocity waveforms occur later in gestation.
Hair as a sonographic marker of ovarian teratomas: Improved identification using transvaginal sonography and simulation model
Authors: Bronshtein M. , Yoffe N. , Brandes J. M. , Blumenfeld Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn in vitro sonographic model was developed to simulate the transvaginal sonographic appearance of hair‐containing cystic teratomas of the ovary. Two groups of patients with ovarian teratomas were compared: group A—consisting of 32 patients scanned before the simulation model was used, and group B—consisting of 25 patients in whom the diagnosis of hair‐containing ovarian teratomas was made after the simulation model experience. The positive predictive value of transvaginal sonography in correctly diagnosing this type of tumor was 27/32 (84%) in group A and 25/25 (100%) in group B. By using this simple in vitro simulation model, the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cystic teratomas by transvaginal sonography was made very accurate, enabling prospective planning of the type of operation and its timing.
Thickening of the gallbladder wall in ascites
Authors: Colli Agostino , Cocciolo Massimo , Buccino Guglielmo , Parravicini Roberto , Martinez Edoardo , Rinaldi Giovanni , Scaltrini Giancarlo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe thickening of the gallbladder wall in patients with ascites is commonly related to hypoalbuminemia and/or portal hypertension. To evaluate the pathogenetic role of these two factors, we correlated gallbladder wall thickness (GBWT) with the albuminemia and the serum–ascites albumin gradient (SAAG), an index of portal hypertension, in 47 patients with ascites caused by cirrhosis of the liver or abdominal malignancy. We found a thickened gallbladder wall in 30/47 patients. The correlation between GBWT and SAAG was 0.64 (n = 47 p < 0.001). No correlation was found between GBWT and albuminemia (r = 0.04). We suggest that the sonographic finding of ascites and gallbladder wall thickening should be considered a valuable sign of transudative ascites and of portal hypertension whatever its cause.
Effects of volume loading on left atrial systolic time intervals
Authors: Okamoto Mitsunori , Tsubokura Tokuo , Morishita Kazuhiko , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Yamagata Togo , Kawagoe Takuji , Hondo Tatsuya , Tsuchioka Yukiko , Matsuura Hideo , Kajiyama Goro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of volume loading on the left atrial preejection period (LAPEP) and left atrial ejection time (LAET) were examined in 24 patients with various heart diseases using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. In response to volume loading, the left atrial dimension before atrial contraction significantly increased from 30.6 mm ± 5.8 mm to 32.4 mm ± 5.4 mm and the change in the left atrial dimension during atrial contraction tended to increase. The peak velocity in the atrial contraction phase significantly increased from 58 cm/s ± 14 cm/s to 63 cm/s ± 13 cm/s, and the integral of the atrial contraction phase tended to increase. LAPEP significantly decreased from 114 ms ± 16 ms to 104 ms ± 14 ms and LAET significantly decreased from 128 ms ± 15 ms to 124 ± 12 ms. The relation between LAET and left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure, and that between LAPEP and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, shifted downward to the right after volume loading. Thus, left atrial ejection is augmented by volume loading according to the Frank–Starling mechanism, while LAPEP decreases due to an increase in preload and LAET decreases due to an increase in afterload.
Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: Usefulness of ultrasonography compared with computed tomography and AFP assay
Authors: Shibata Toshiya , Kubo Souichi , Itoh Kyo , Sagoh Tadashi , Nishimura Kazumasa , Nakano Yoshihisa , Yamaoka Yoshio , Ozawa Kazue , Konishi Junji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFollow‐up studies using monitoring with alpha1‐feto protein (AFP), ultrasonography (US), and computed tomography (CT) were carried out in 75 patients who had prior partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recurrence in the remaining liver was confirmed in 31 patients (41.3%) during the 4 month to 3 years 7 month period. Ultrasonography detected recurrence in 29 cases (sensitivity: 93.5%), CT in 26 (83.9%), and AFP assay in 12 (38.7%). In 4 patients, ultrasonography detected four recurrent nodules that CT missed. In 1 patient, two subphrenic nodules were detected with CT but not with ultrasonography. The specificity of US, CT, and AFP assay was 90.9%, 95.5%, and 93.2% respectively. Frequent follow‐up study with ultrasonography in combination with CT and AFP assay should be recommended for the early detection of recurrent HCC. Ultrasonography is mandatory for the follow‐up of patients with a prior hepatectomy for HCC.
Assessment of abdominal involvement of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma by ultrasonography: Comparison among four clinical types
Authors: Shimamura Ryuji , Ishibashi Hiromi , Morioka Eiji , Teshima Takanori , Kudo Jiro , Hirata Yasuhiko , Shibuya Tsunefumi , Niho Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an HTLV‐I associated lymphoid malignancy frequently seen in Japan. Abdominal involvement in 40 patients with ATLL were assessed by ultrasonography and the findings seen in four clinical types, acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering, were compared. Splenomegaly was frequently found in the cases of acute and lymphoma types, and the sizes of the spleens measured by ultrasonography correlated well with the disease activity. Hepatomegaly was also found more frequently in acute and lymphoma types, and hepato‐splenomegaly was proved to be due to the infiltration by ATL cells. Nodular lesions in spleen and liver and abdominal lymph node swelling were also found frequently in the lymphoma type but rarely in the other types. Ascites, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion were found in the active stage of acute and lymphoma types. Ultrasonography also could detect findings associated with therapies. Thus, ultrasonography studies were found to be very useful for assessing the clinical classification, examining various pathological conditions associated with ATLL, and monitoring the disease activity.
Reduction of soft tissue deposition in normal triplets
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Deter Russell L. , Hill Reba M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a previous study, birth weight projections obtained with Rossavik growth models were systematically greater than actual birth weights in triplets but not in singletons. To investigate the cause of this overestimation, average mean percent deviations for head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), thigh circumference (ThC), and weight (WT) at different times in the third trimester were studied in 13 normal triplet and 20 normal singleton fetuses using individual growth curve standards. Average mean percent deviation values for HC in both singletons and triplets were close to zero throughout the third trimester. Average mean percent deviation values for AC in both singletons and triplets were similar, and remained relatively constant. Average mean percent deviation values for ThC in triplets decreased toward the end of the third trimester, but those for singletons increased. Average mean percent deviation values for estimated weight did not change during the third trimester in singletons whereas those in triplets decreased. The difference in average mean percent deviation values for estimated weight between singletons and triplets in the 32‐ to 36‐week interval was statistically significant. There were no significant differences between actual and predicted measurements for HC in both singletons and triplets at birth. However, actual birth measurements were systematically less than predicted birth measurements for AC and ThC in singletons, and for AC, ThC, and WT for triplets. These systematic differences were significantly larger in triplets for ThC and WT. Nutrition Score values, direct measures of subcutaneous tissue, were significantly lower in triplets compared to singletons. These results suggest that the deposition of soft tissue seen in normal singletons during the third trimester occurs to a much lesser extent in normal triplets.
Intrahepatic venous and portal venous aneurysms examined by color Doppler flow imaging
Authors: Tanaka Sachiko , Kitamura Tsugio , Fujita Makoto , Iishi Hiroyasu , Kasugai Hiroshi , Nakanishi Katsumi , Okuda Shigeru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirteen cases with liver cystic lesions, which were suspected to communicate with intrahepatic vessels on the basis of ordinary sonography, were examined by color Doppler flow imaging. By this method, blood flow within the cystic lesion was detected in 5 of these cases, and the communication to the intrahepatic vessel confirmed. Information about the hemodynamics of aneurysms was obtained. Two of these lesions were diagnosed as an aneurysmal porta‐hepatic venous fistula, another 2 as a portal venous aneurysm, and the remaining 1 as a hepatic venous aneurysm.
Flow velocity analysis of umbilical and uterine artery flow in pre‐eclampsia treated with propranolol or pindolol
Authors: Meizner Israel , Paran Esther , Katz Miriam , Holcberg Gershon , Insler Vaclav 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a double blind study, 20 gravidas with pre‐eclampsia were randomly allocated to treatment with either propranolol 120 mg/day or pindolol 15 mg/day for 7 days. Flow velocimetry was performed before and after treatment to assess the influence of these two regimens of beta blocker on the feto‐placental circulation. A continuous wave Doppler unit was used to measure umbilical and uterine artery flow velocity waveforms. The systolic/diastolic (A/B) ratio and the systolic minus diastolic divided by systolic (A‐B)/A ratio (resistance index) were used as indexes of blood flow resistance in the umbilical and uterine arteries, respectively. A resistance to flow in the uteroplacental circulation was significantly less in patients treated with pindolol compared to those treated with propranolol (P < 0.01). The same pattern was also found in umbilical velocimetry, although the statistical significance was borderline (P = 0.06). Although both drugs were equally effective in reducing blood pressure at rest, their effect on the peripheral resistance was different. Pindolol appears to act in part through a peripheral vascular mechanism. Our data support this assumption because the flow in the uteroplacental bed, as reflected by a decrease in resistance index, improved when patients were treated with the drug pindolol.
A review of fetal organ measurements obtained with ultrasound: Normal growth
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Deter Russell L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis review article presents fetal organ measurements obtained with ultrasound. Data derived from measurements of the brain, heart, lung, thymus, liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, gallbladder, kidney, adrenal glands, intestine, and bladder are summarized, compared and evaluated critically. The selection of optimal parameters, development of valid measurement procedures, and use of mathematical modeling and descriptive statistics are necessary for quantitative studies by ultrasound of fetal organ growth.
An assessment of hysterosalpingosonography (HSSG) as a diagnostic tool for uterine cavity defects and tubal patency
Authors: Bonilla‐Musoles F. , Simón C. , Serra V. , Sampaio M. , Pellicer A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe value of hysterosalpingosonography (HSSG) as a diagnostic tool was evaluated in 76 patients and compared to hysteroscopic, laparoscopic, and/or hysterosalpingographic (HSG) findings. Saline solution and Dextran 60 were used as distension media.Patients were divided in three groups: group A (n = 22), patients submitted for control post‐tubal electrocoagulation. Group B (n = 38), patients with a history of pathological metrorrhagias, and group C (n = 16) infertile women with possible tubal pathology.Comparison between the different diagnostic techniques for the evaluation of the uterine cavity and tubes was carried out. Our results indicated that HSSG had more sensitivity but less specificity than hysteroscopy or HSG in the diagnosis of uterine cavity pathology. Hysteroscopy seems to be the best technique for the diagnosis of endometrial pathology, and HSSG seems to be the most effective in the study of the myometrium. HSSG cannot be considered a reliable and accurate method for the diagnosis of tubal patency.
High‐frequency transvaginal sonographic examination for the potential malformation assessment of the 9‐week to 14‐week fetus
Authors: Timor‐Tritsch Ilan E. , Monteagudo Ana , Peisner David B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study was undertaken to evaluate the ability of the high‐frequency transvaginal scanning method to consistently image first‐ and early second‐trimester fetal structures, such as body contours, long bones, fingers, face, palate, feet, toes, and the four‐chamber view.Ninety‐seven low‐risk pregnancies were scanned from 9 weeks to 14 menstrual weeks inclusive. Accurate dating was ascertained.The results showed that consistent detection of the respective structures was achieved at the following menstrual ages: sagittal contours at 9 weeks to 10 weeks, long bones at 10 weeks to 11 weeks, fingers at 12 weeks, face and palate at 12 weeks, feet and toes at 13 weeks, and the four‐chamber view at 14 weeks. The organs and structures examined could be detected at 9 weeks to 14 weeks inclusive. An increasing number of structure were detected consistently with the increasing menstrual age. The study supports the possibility of searching for specific malformations at or after the menstrual ages mentioned, or performing a more comprehensive malformation evaluation after 13 weeks.