bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fingerprint recognition to assist daily identification of radiotherapy patients
Authors: Palmgren J.-E. , Lahtinen T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA system to assist daily identification of radiotherapy patients and to prevent accidental exposures to mis-indentified patients was developed. The fingerprint-based biometric system was chosen because of its high sensitivity in identification and suitability for hospital use. In a 6-month survey, 85.7% of the daily treatment fractions were identified successfully; 5.5% of the unsuccessful identifications were overridden by the staff and the remaining 8.8% were due to poor-quality fingerprints. No false identifications occurred so that patient was identified as a different person. During the past 2.5 years and 47,000 treatment fractions, the system has been well accepted by the patients and radiation technologists and misidentified patients have not been treated since the installation.
Women Acting for Women? An Analysis of Gender and Debate Participation in the British House of Commons 2005–2007
Authors: Catalano Ana 
Published: March 2009

The recent push for more women parliamentarians around the world via positive action measures such as gender quotas naturally begs the question of whether the increased descriptive representation of women in parliament is making a substantive difference, in terms of the types of policies passed, behavioral norms, and procedures. How does the substantive representation of women take place? One way of measuring gendered impacts in politics is to look at the participation of Members of Parliament (MPs) in formal, parliamentary debate on key policy issues. It is reasonable to assume that one (though certainly not the only) measure of a good MP is his or her ability to contribute his or her voice and thoughts to public policy debates in parliament. Furthermore, if we consider women MPs representative of women in particular as a marginalized group, making their voices heard in parliamentary debates is perhaps one of the best ways of acting for women. As Melissa Williams (1998, 138) argues, the unique voice of women is a necessary component for women's political equality:
It is not enough that women communicate their perspectives to men; a full respect for women's agency, and a full protection of their interests, requires that they act on their own behalf. Only through their legislative presence can women be sure that the “woman's point of view” on each policy issue is formulated and expressed.
No correlation between cesarean section rates and perinatal mortality of singleton infants over 2,500 g
Authors: JONSDOTTIR GUDNY , SMARASON ALEXANDER K. , GEIRSSON REYNIR T. , BJARNADOTTIR RAGNHEIDUR I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA rising cesarean section rate has been suggested as of benefit in reducing the already low perinatal death rates seen in developed countries for infants of normal birthweight. Iceland has one of the lowest national corrected and uncorrected perinatal mortality rates. Information was collected through the Icelandic birth registry for all 82,251 deliveries of non‐malformed singletons weighing ≥ 2,500 g at birth, for the 20 years 1987–2006. The mean birthweight‐specific perinatal mortality rate for these pregnancies was 2.0/1,000 per year (range 0.8–4.1/1000) without significant changes over the study period. The cesarean section rate varied between 11.9 and 16.7% and did not correlate with the perinatal mortality rate. Among the nulliparous women, cesarean section rates increased from 13.1 to 17.9% without correlation to the perinatal mortality, which on average was 1.7/1,000. A further benefit from rising cesarean section rates at term in countries with a prior low perinatal mortality is questioned.
First Report of Cherry virus A in Sweet Cherry Trees in China
Authors: Rao W.-L. , Zhang Z.-K. , Li R. 
Published: March 2009

Plants in the genus Prunus of the family Rosaceae are important fruit and ornamental trees in China. In June of 2007, sweet cherry (Prunus avium) trees with mottling and mosaic symptoms were observed in a private garden near Kunming, Yunnan Province. Twenty-four samples, six each from sweet cherry, sour cherry (P. cerasus), flowering cherry (P. serrulata), and peach (P. persica) were collected from trees in private and community gardens in the area. The peach and sour and flowering cherry trees did not show any symptoms. Total nucleic acids were extracted using a cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) extraction method, and the extracts were tested for the following eight viruses by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR: American plum line pattern virus, Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Cherry green ring mottle virus, Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus, Cherry virus A (CVA), Little cherry virus 1, Prune dwarf virus, and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus. Only CVA was detected in two symptomatic sweet cherry trees by RT-PCR with forward (5′-GTGGCATTCAACTAGCACCTAT-3′) and reverse (5′-TCAGCTGCCTCAGCTTGGC-3′) primers specific to an 873-bp fragment of the CVA replicase gene (2). The CVA infection of the two trees was confirmed by RT-PCR using primers CVA-7097U and CVA-7383L that amplified a 287-bp fragment from the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the virus (1). Amplicons from both amplifications were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences of the 873-bp fragments (GenBank Accession Nos. EU862278 and EU862279) showed that they were 98% identical with each other and 97 to 98% with the type isolate of CVA from Germany (GenBank Accession No. NC_003689). The 286-bp sequences of the 3′-UTR (GenBank Accession Nos. FJ608982 and FJ608983) were 93% identical with each other and 93 to 98% with the type isolate. The sequence indicated that the three isolates were very similar and should be considered to be the same strain. CVA is a member of the genus Capillovirus in the family Flexiviridae and has been previously reported in Europe, North America, and Japan. The contribution of CVA to the symptoms observed and its distribution in China remain to be evaluated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CVA in sweet cherry in China. References: (1) M. Isogai et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 70:288. (2) W. Jelkmann. J. Gen. Virol. 76:2015, 1995.
First Report of Japanese Apple Rust Caused by Gymnosporangium yamadae on Malus spp. in North America
Authors: Yun H. Y. , Minnis A. M. , Rossman A. Y. 
Published: March 2009

Plants in the genus Malus Mill. are grown in temperate regions for fruit crops such as apple and ornamental landscape plants such as flowering crab apple. Gymnosporangium yamadae Miyabe ex G. Yamada, cause of Japanese apple rust, is known to attack economically important species of Malus in Asia. In August 2004 and July 2008, the aecial stage of a rust fungus was observed in Wilmington, DE and nearby in Media, PA on leaves of toringo crab apple (Malus toringo (Siebold) Siebold ex de Vriese), a cultivated plant native to Asia. On the basis of morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungus was identified as G. yamadae. This pathogen has not been previously reported in North America. The identification was confirmed by morphological comparisons with specimens of G. yamadae from Asia and descriptions (1–3) as well as using the D1/D2 domain of 28S rDNA sequence data G. clavariiforme (GenBank Accession No. AR426211), G. clavipes (GenBank Accession No. DQ354545), G. cornutum (GenBank Accession No. AF426210), G. juniperi-virginianae (GenBank Accession Nos. AF522167, AY629316, and DQ354547), G. libocedri (GenBank Accession No. AF522168), G. sabinae (GenBank Accession Nos. AF426209 and AY512845) and G. yamadae (GenBank Accession Nos. FJ559373 and FJ559375). The specimens from North America included aecia of G. yamadae that are foliicolous, hypophyllous, roestelioid, and 4 to 7 mm high. The peridia are yellow-brown to brown and cornute to tubular with a closed brown tip at the apex and lacerate sides; the peridial remains often form a reticulate pattern. The peridial cells are long-narrow rhomboid, 83 to 120 μm long with smooth outer walls and verrucose to echinulate inner and side walls. The aeciospores are globose, 18 to 28 × 19 to 29 μm, with a slightly coronate surface and brown-yellow walls 2 to 3 μm thick. The telia known on Juniperus spp. were not observed. The specimens were deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 878846, BPI 878847, BPI 878848, and BPI 878849). The 28S rDNA sequence of G. yamadae from BPI 878849 was deposited in GenBank as Accession No. FJ455091. Aecia of G. juniperi-virginianae, cause of cedar apple rust, differ from G. yamadae in having recurved peridial walls at maturity. References: (1) F. D. Kern. A Revised Taxonomic Account of Gymnosporangium. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA, 1973. (2) S. K. Lee and M. Kakishima. Mycoscience 40:109, 1999. (3) S. K. Lee and M. Kakishima. Mycoscience 40:121. 1999.
Natural Infection of Iris yellow spot virus in Twoscale Saltbush (Atriplex micrantha) Growing in Utah
Authors: Evans C. K. , Bag S. , Frank E. , Reeve J. R. , Ransom C. , Drost D. , Pappu H. R. 
Published: March 2009

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV; family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus) continues to be an economically important pathogen affecting onion bulb and seed production in several parts of the world and the United States (1). Several weeds were reported naturally infected with IYSV (1,2,4). Leaves of Atriplex micrantha Ledeb. (synonym A. heterosperma Bunge) were collected from naturally occurring plants in a weed trial conducted in commercial onions grown in Box Elder County, UT on 24 September 2008. Leaves displayed a range of symptoms including spotting, chlorosis, and necrosis. Symptomatic leaves were preferentially selected for subsequent diagnostic analyses. Samples were positive for IYSV when tested by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA using a commercially available kit (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). For further confirmation, total nucleic acid extracts from the symptomatic parts of the leaves were prepared and tested for the presence of IYSV by reverse transcription-PCR with primers specific to the nucleocapsid (N) gene coded by the small (S)-RNA of IYSV. The forward and reverse primer pair, 5′-TCAGAAATCGAGAAACTT-3′ and 5′-CACCAATGTCTTCAACAATCTT-3′, respectively, amplifies a 751-nt fragment of the N gene (3). An amplicon of expected size was obtained, cloned, and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence analysis and comparison with known IYSV S-RNA sequences showed that the sequence of the amplicon from A. micrantha (GenBank Accession No. FJ493541) shared more than 84% nt sequence identity with the corresponding region of IYSV isolates available in GenBank, confirming the IYSV infection of the new host weed. The highest sequence identity (98%) was with an IYSV isolate from Jefferson County, OR (GenBank Accession No. DQ233479). To our knowledge, this is the first report of IYSV infection of A. micrantha under natural conditions. The role of A. micrantha and other weeds in IYSV epidemiology needs further investigation. References: (1) D. Gent et al. Plant Dis. 90:1468, 2006. (2) C. Nischwitz et al. Plant Dis. 91:1518, 2007. (3) H. R. Pappu et al. Arch. Virol. 151:1015, 2006. (4) R. Sampangi et al. Plant Dis. 91:1683, 2007.
First Report of Impatiens necrotic spot virus in Blackberry in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Tzanetakis I. E. , Guzmán-Baeny T. L. , VanEsbroeck Z. P. , Fernandez G. E. , Martin R. R. 
Published: March 2009

Blackberry yellow vein disease (BYVD) has emerged as an important disease of blackberry (Rubus spp.) in the south and southeastern United States (2,3). In an effort to characterize viruses that may be involved in the disease, double-stranded RNA extracted from a symptomatic ‘Apache’ blackberry from South Carolina was used for shotgun cDNA cloning (4). Sequence analysis showed that in addition to Blackberry yellow vein associated virus (BYVaV) (2), a constant component of BYVD, sequences of Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) also were obtained. The 623-nt fragment of INSV (Genbank Accession No. EU287930) shared 98% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity with GenBank Accession No. NC003616. Confirmation of the results of the initial shotgun cloning was done by reverse transcription-PCR with primers INSVF (5′ GATCTGTCCTGGGATTGTTC 3′) and INSVR (5′ GTCTCCTTCTGGTTCTATAATCAT 3′) that amplify a 460 base fragment of the M RNA of INSV. Amplicons obtained from single-stranded and dsRNA templates were sequenced and found to be identical with EU287930. The identity of INSV by PCR was also supported by positive results with a commercially available INSV-ELISA kit (AC Diagnostics, Fayetteville, AR). Earlier, more than 400 plants from North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia with BYVD and other virus-like symptoms were tested for INSV by ELISA and approximately 33% were found to be infected with the virus (1). Thus, INSV appears to be one of the major viruses infecting blackberry in the southeastern United States, and it remains to be seen if INSV acts synergistically with BYVaV and other viruses to contribute to the severity of BYDV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of INSV infecting Rubus spp. References: (1) T. L. Guzmán-Baeny. M.S. thesis. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 2003. (2) J. Susaimuthu et al. Plant Pathol. 55:607, 2006. (3) J. Susaimuthu et al. Virus Res. 131:145, 2008. (4) I. E. Tzanetakis et al. J. Virol. Methods 124:73, 2005.
First Report of Crown Rot, Stem Rot, and Root Rot Caused by Binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-G on Viburnum tinus in Italy
Authors: Polizzi G. , Aiello D. , Vitale A. , Lahoz E. , Nicoletti R. , Hyakumachi M. 
Published: March 2009

Laurustinus (Viburnum tinus L.), native to the Mediterranean Region, is an evergreen shrub belonging to the Caprifoliaceae that is commonly cultured as an ornamental shrub or small tree. During the summer and autumn of 2007 and 2008, a widespread yellowing, partial foliar necrosis, or death of the whole plant was observed on 3- to 4-year-old potted plants of V. tinus in a commercial nursery in eastern Sicily (Italy). More than 20% of the plants showed disease symptoms. Infected roots, crowns, and stems turned dark brown, leaves gradually became necrotic, and infected plants were often killed. Diseased tissues were disinfested for 1 min in 1% NaOCl, rinsed in sterile water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin sulfate at 100 mg/liter, and then incubated at 25°C. A binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) species was consistently isolated from affected tissue of Laurustinus. Fungal colonies were initially white, then turned light brown or brown with age, and formed irregularly shaped, light brown sclerotia after 10 days. Hyphal cells were determined to be binucleate when stained with 1% safranin O and 3% KOH solution (1) and examined with a microscope at ×400. Anastomosis groups were determined by pairing isolates on 2% water agar in petri plates (4). Pairings were made with tester strains of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A through AG-S, except AG-J and AG-M. Anastomosis was observed only with tester isolates of AG-G. The rDNA-ITS of two isolates of BNR (DISTEF-Vt 31 and DISTEF-Vt 32) was sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. AB478783 and AB478784, respectively) (3). The sequence from these two isolates exhibited 100% homology with BNR AG-G (GenBank Accession No. AY927334). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on potted, healthy, 6-month-old laurustinus. Twenty plants were inoculated by placing 1-cm2 plugs of PDA from 5-day-old mycelial cultures near the base of the stem. The same number of plants was treated with 1-cm2 PDA plugs as control. Plants were kept at 25°C and 95% relative humidity with a 12-h fluorescent light/dark regimen. Stem, crown, and root rot symptoms, identical to ones observed in nursery, appeared 20 days after inoculation, and all the inoculated plants showed symptoms within 1 month. Control plants remained healthy. Binucleate Rhizoctonia was reisolated from symptomatic tissues, completing Koch's postulates. R. solani was previously reported on Viburnum sp. in the United States (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of binucleate Rhizoctonia causing disease on V. tinus. References: (1) R. J. Bandoni. Mycologia 71:873, 1979. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Page 1252 in: Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 1989. (3) M. Hyakumachi et al. Phytopathology 95:784, 2005. (4) C. C. Tu and J. W. Kimbrough. Mycologia 65:941, 1973.
Assignment of 128 genes localized on human chromosome 14q to the IMpRH map
Authors: Shimogiri T. , Nishibori M. , Hiraiwa H. , Hayashi T. , Yasue H. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryTo provide a gene‐based comparative map and to examine a porcine genome assembly using bacterial artificial chromosome‐based sequence, we have attempted to assign 128 genes localized on human chromosome 14q (HSA14q) to a porcine 7000‐rad radiation hybrid (IMpRH) map. This study, together with earlier studies, has demonstrated the following. (i) 126 genes were incorporated into two SSC7 RH linkage groups by CarthaGene analysis. (ii) In the remaining two genes, TOX4 linked to TCRA located in SSC7 by two‐point analysis, whereas SIP1 showed no significant linkage with any gene/marker registered in the IMpRH Web Server. (iii) In the two groups, the gene clusters located from 19.9 to 36.5 Mb on HSA14q11.2‐q13.3 and from 64.0 to 104.3 Mb on HSA14q23‐q32.33 respectively were assigned to SSC7q21‐q26. (iv) Comparison of the gene order between the present RH map and the latest porcine sequence assembly revealed some inconsistencies, and a redundant arrangement of 16 genes in the sequence assembly.
The impact of dose escalation and resistance modulation in older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and high risk myelodysplastic syndrome: the results of the LRF AML14 trial
Authors: Burnett Alan K. , Milligan Donald , Goldstone Anthony , Prentice Archibald , McMullin Mary‐Frances , Dennis Michael , Sellwood Elizabeth , Pallis Monica , Russell Nigel , Hills Robert K. , Wheatley Keith ,   on behalf of the United Kingdom National Cancer Research Institute Haematological Oncology Study Group
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)14 trial addressed four therapeutic questions in patients predominantly aged over 60 years with AML and High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome: (i) Daunorubicin 50 mg/m2 vs. 35 mg/m2; (ii) Cytarabine 200 mg/m2 vs. 400 mg/m2 in two courses of DA induction; (iii) for part of the trial, patients allocated Daunorubicin 35 mg/m2 were also randomized to receive, or not, the multidrug resistance modulator PSC‐833 in a 1:1:1 randomization; and (iv) a total of three versus four courses of treatment. A total of 1273 patients were recruited. The response rate was 62% (complete remission 54%, complete remission without platelet/neutrophil recovery 8%); 5‐year survival was 12%. No benefits were observed in either dose escalation randomization, or from a fourth course of treatment. There was a trend for inferior response in the PSC‐833 arm due to deaths in induction. Multivariable analysis identified cytogenetics, presenting white blood count, age and secondary disease as the main predictors of outcome. Although patients with high Pgp expression and function had worse response and survival, this was not an independent prognostic factor, and was not modified by PSC‐833. In conclusion, these four interventions have not improved outcomes in older patients. New agents need to be explored and novel trial designs are required to maximise prospects of achieving timely progress.
The evaluation of human papillomavirus genotyping in cervical liquid‐based cytology specimens; using the Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping assay
Authors: Jamison J. , Wilson R. T. , Carson J. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:  To ascertain the usefulness of the Roche Linear Array human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assay for assessing HPV genotypes in liquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples and to evaluate this methodology within a cytopathology laboratory. These tests are of importance as persistent infection with high‐risk HPV genotypes is considered a causal factor in the development of cervical cancer.Methods:  A total of 175 cervical LBC samples were tested using the Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping test. The suitability of the assay use in routine cytopathology laboratory was considered. HPV genotypes were matched to the cervical cytology results, which included negative, borderline nuclear abnormalities, mild, moderate and severe dyskaryosis.Results:  The assay could be applied to screening samples with the combined result available at the reporting stage. There were no test failures. All samples used after cytological analysis had sufficient DNA for testing. The results were reproducible and easily read and there was concordance of results between biomedical scientists. The results of the assay showed co‐infection with multiple HPV genotypes was common in both high‐grade and low‐grade cytology samples. The percentage of HPV+ samples in the normal cytology samples (although in this grouping the number of samples was low) was 37%. In the cytology samples reported as severe dyskaryosis the HPV genotypes most commonly found were HPV16 and HPV51.Conclusion:  The assay was able to detect multiple HPV infection with a wide range of genotypes in LBC samples sent for routine cytological analysis. It would be suitable for use in a cytopathology laboratory. The results of the assay show that the genotype profile has some variation from other geographical regions, and more work is needed to determine population prevalence, to ascertain the impact of the HPV vaccine, to evaluate test for cure and HPV triage management.
Significance of collagenous and mucinous spherulosis in breast cytology specimens
Authors: Hata S. , Kanomata N. , Kozuka Y. , Fukuya M. , Ohno E. , Moriya T. 
Published: March 2009

S. Hata, N. Kanomata, Y. Kozuka, M. Fukuya, E. Ohno and T. Moriya Significance of collagenous and mucinous spherulosis in breast cytology specimensObjective:  Spherulosis of the breast is a rare but distinct benign morphological entity. As there are few cytological reports of breast spherulosis, the significance of spherulosis among cytological specimens is unclear. The objective was to document cytological aspects of spherulosis.Methods:  A total of 3491 consecutive breast fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples and 69 nipple discharge cytology samples were reviewed. Papanicolaou‐stained slides with or without Romanowsky staining were analysed. The corresponding 1926 histological specimens were also reviewed.Results:  We detected 17 cases of collagenous spherulosis (CS) and/or mucinous spherulosis (MS) among 3560 breast cytology specimens (0.48%). All samples were from women, who varied in age from 22 to 69 years. CS and/or MS were present in 15 of 3491 FNAC specimens (0.43%) and in two of 69 nipple discharge cytology specimens (2.9%). Corresponding histological specimens were available for 14 of the 17 specimens. Of the 14 specimens, 12 consisted of intraductal papilloma, one of fibroadenoma, and one of fibrocystic change. There was no spherulosis among the 1251 cytological specimens of malignant diseases.Conclusions:  Cytological evidence of spherulosis is a good indicator of intraductal papilloma.