bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nitrogen sources on γ‐linolenic acid accumulation in Spirulina platensis
Authors: De B. K. , Chaudhury S. , Bhattacharyya D. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effect of ammonium phosphate on the growth, lipid content, and γ‐linolenic acid accumulation was determined in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. After 14 d on media containing 0.041 g N/L, γ‐linolenic acid concentration of cultured cells increased up to 35.3±0.13%, w/w. In treatments containing NaNO3, NH4NO3, and NH4Cl, γ‐linolenic acid concentration increased up to 31.2±0.23%, w/w. After the same period, lipid content in the dry biomass was 12.2±0.03%, w/w, with (NH4)2HPO4 compared to about 14.1±0.12%, w/w, in treatments with NaNO3. When (NH4)2HPO4 concentration in the medium was increased to 0.082 g N/L, 30.8±0.28%, w/w, γ‐linolenic acid had formed after 10 d and the lipid percentage in the dry cell mass was 16.7±0.16%, w/w. However, in treatments with NaNO3, NH4NO3, or NH4Cl, γ‐linolenic acid concentration increased up to 30.6±0.23%, w/w, and the lipid content was found to be 18.0±0.17 to 18.9±0.03%, w/w. These data showed that (NH4)2HPO4 is a suitable source of nitrogen for growth of S. platensis, with increased accumulation of γ‐linolenic acid at lower N concentration.
Processing of crambe for oil and isolation of erucic acid
Authors: Vargas‐Lopez J. M. , Wiesenborn D. , Tostenson K. , Cihacek L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCrambe seed (Crambe abyssinica) is an excellent, recently established source of high‐erucic acid oil. Erucic acid has a number of important and potential applications. To develop this potential, a rapid bench‐scale method was desired whereby purified erucic acid in up to several 100‐g quantities could be produced from crambe seed. Using the method developed, oil was expressed from dried, intact seed; clarified, degummed, and bleached; and saponified and acidified to obtain the free fatty acids. Analysis by inductively coupled plasma of the free fatty acids showed negligible levels of phosphorus and most minerals. Erucic acid was twice crystallized from 95% ethanol at −14°C, resulting in a purity of 87.1%. This process yielded 365 g erucic acid crystals per kg bleached oil. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that the prepared erucic acid had an excellent pattern of correlation with a commercial standard. The time needed to convert 1 kg of crambe seed to erucic acid is about 48 h. Crystal filtration and drying stages under the current process conditions require 30% of the overall time. The method is suitable for producing adequate quantities of erucic acid for use in studies of its bench‐scale conversion. There is obviously, still, a fruitful field of work to be explored in the formalization of refining procedures for crambe oil. It seems that crambe is destined to continue expansion into the high‐erucic acid oil markets.
Oxidative stability of natural and randomized high‐palmitic‐and high‐stearic‐acid oils from genetically modified soybean varieties
Authors: Neff William E. , List Gary R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe oxidative stability of soybean oil triacylglycerols (TAG) obtained from genetically modified soybeans was determined before and after chemical randomization. Soybean oil oxidative studies were carried out under static oxygen headspace at 60°C in the dark and oxidative deterioration was monitored by peroxide value, monometric and oligomeric oxidation products, and volatile compounds. Randomization of the soybean oil TAG improved the oxidative stability compared to the natural soybean oil TAG. Oxidative stability was improved by three factors. Factor one was the genetic modification of the fatty acid composition in which polyunsaturated acids (such as linolenic and linoleic acids) were decreased and in which monounsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic) and saturated acids (palmitic and stearic) were increased. Factor two was the TAG compositional modification with a decrease in linolenic and linoleic‐containing TAG and an increase in TAG with stearic and palmitic acids in combination with oleic acid. Factor three was the TAG structure modification accomplished by an increase in saturated fatty acids and a decrease in linoleic and linolenic acids at the glycerol moiety carbon 2.
Lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of structured low‐calorie triacylglycerols
Authors: Mangos T. J. , Jones K. C. , Foglia T. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBecause of their unique fatty acid specificities and regioselectivities, lipases have been found to be effective catalysts for the synthesis of structured lipids that have a predetermined composition and distribution of fatty acyl groups on the glycerol backbone. The prospective plant‐derived lipase found in the exudate of Carica papaya is known for its shortchain acyl group specificity, 1,3‐glycerol regioselectivity, and sn‐3 stereoselectivity. Carica papaya latex (CPL) was therefore examined for its potential ability to synthesize structured lowcalorie short‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (SLCT). In this paper, we describe the utility of CPL in the lipase‐catalyzed interesterification reaction of triacetin and hydrogenated soybean oil. Normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, combined with mass spectrometry, was used to distinguish the structured SLCT synthesized using the lipase from the corresponding SLCT produced by chemical synthesis.
A recommended esterification method for gas chromatographic measurement of conjugated linoleic acid
Authors: Yamasaki Masao , Kishihara Koji , Ikeda Ikuo , Sugano Michihiro , Yamada Koji 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effect of the methylation method on isomerization of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in gas chromatographic analysis was studied. Among methylation methods examined, the magnitude of isomerization of CLA was greatest with BF3 catalyst, followed by HCI and H2SO4 catalyst. Short‐time methylation did not extensively change the CLA composition in all methods, and c,t and t,c isomers were essentially maintained, while the appearance of t,t isomers and unknown peaks was practically restricted. After 120 min of methylation, there was essentially no conversion in the H2SO4 method, in contrast to a marked change in the BF3 method. The antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene, ascorbic acid, β‐carotene, and α‐tocopherol did not suppress conversion, while dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF) attenuated the changes in CLA composition. Suppression was more effective in the H2SO4 method than in the BF3 method. Thus, methylation with H2SO4 in the presence of a proper amount of DMSO or DMF is recommended for esterification of CLA.
Shear strength and water resistance of modified soy protein adhesives
Authors: Sun Xiuzhi , Bian Ke 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSoy protein polymers recently have been considered as alternatives to petroleum polymers to ease environmental pollution. The use of soy proteins as adhesives for plywood has been limited because of their low water resistance. The objective of this research was to test the water resistance of adhesives containing modified soy proteins in walnut, maple, poplar, and pine plywood applications. Gluing strength and water resistance of wood were tested by using two ASTM standard methods. Glues with modified soy proteins had stronger bond strength than those containing unmodified soy proteins. Plywood made with glue containing urea‐modified proteins had higher water resistance than those bonded with glues containing alkali‐modified and heat‐treated proteins. After three 48‐h cycles of water‐soaking, followed by 48 h of air‐drying, no delamination was observed for either walnut or pine specimens glued with the urea‐modified soy protein adhesives. Gluing strength for wood species with smooth and oriented surface structure was lower than for those with rough, randomly oriented, surface structures. Wood species with greater expansion of dimensions during water‐soaking had a higher delamination rate than those showing less expansion.
A chemometric study of genotypic variation in triacylglycerol composition among selected almond cultivars
Authors: Prats‐Moya M. S. , Grané‐Teruel N. , Berenguer‐Navarro V. , Martín‐Carratalá M. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTriacylglycerol composition of 10 almond cultivars grown in seven different environments was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography, and multivariate statistical techniques (principal component and cluster analysis) were used to detect and establish associations among almond cultivars. In particular, linear discriminant analysis showed that cultivars Desmayo Largueta, Masbovera, Texas, Non Pareil, Tuono, and Guara are different from each other and can be classified in different groups. This statistical approach also predicted the origin of eight hybrids produced from these cultivars. As a result, it is concluded that triacylglycerol composition in almonds can distinguish genetic from environmental effects on almond triacylglycerol composition.
The effect of dissolved transition metal complexes on the rate of yellowing of linseed oil
Authors: Chen Zhong , Hoggard Patrick E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA number of metal complexes were examined as potential antiyellowing additives for linseed oil‐based coatings. Yellowing was measured as the rate of increase of the absorbance at 400 nm of solutions of 20% linseed oil in toluene. Most metal complexes increased the yellowing rate, but 1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene retarded the rate by 50% over a wide concentration range, and some complexes caused nonlinear changes that might make them useful as additives.
Identifying correlates of suicide attempts in suicidal ideators: a population-based study
Authors: BREZO JELENA , PARIS JOEL , TREMBLAY RICHARD , VITARO FRANK , HÉBERT MARTINE , TURECKI GUSTAVO 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTBackgroundIdentification of factors that distinguish between ideators who act on their suicidal thoughts from those who do not is an important clinical and research objective.MethodWe examined correlates of suicide attempts in suicidal ideators, members of a French-Canadian, school-based cohort. Suicidal thoughts were evaluated in adolescence and early adulthood in the total sample of suicidal ideators, who were then stratified into subgroups consisting of persistent ideators, male ideators and female ideators.ResultsIn addition to persistent suicidal ideas [odds ratios (ORs) 2·1–2·8], Axis I psychopathology, female gender and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were the most consistent correlates of suicide attempts. Externalizing disorders were significant contributors in persistent ideators [drug misuse: OR 2·8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1–6·9] and in male ideators in particular (disruptive disorders: OR 5·9, 95% CI 2·2–16·0). In women, psychiatric co-morbidity also had a significant effect (OR 1·6, 95% CI 1·1–2·1). CSA was of relevance in both women (OR 1·2, 95% CI 1·1–1·4) and persistent ideators (OR 1·3, 95% CI 1·1–1·5). Personality traits showed gender-specific contribution with affective instability (OR 1·1, 95% CI 1·01–1·1) and anxiousness (OR 1·3, 95% CI 1·1–1·7) contributing in men and disruptive aggression (OR 1·1, 95% CI 1·03–1·3) in women.ConclusionsCorrelates of suicide attempts in suicidal ideators vary as a function of the persistence of suicidal ideas and gender. This heterogeneity across subgroups of suicidal ideators may be attributed, at least in part, to differences between the sexes, early environmental adversity, maladaptive personality, and psychiatric symptoms. Further exploration and continued prospective follow-up is necessary to examine these possibilities.
Modelling the control strategies against dengue in Singapore
Authors: BURATTINI M. N. , CHEN M. , CHOW A. , COUTINHO F. A. B. , GOH K. T. , LOPEZ L. F. , MA S. , MASSAD E. 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYNotified cases of dengue infections in Singapore reached historical highs in 2004 (9459 cases) and 2005 (13 817 cases) and the reason for such an increase is still to be established. We apply a mathematical model for dengue infection that takes into account the seasonal variation in incidence, characteristic of dengue fever, and which mimics the 2004–2005 epidemics in Singapore. We simulated a set of possible control strategies and confirmed the intuitive belief that killing adult mosquitoes is the most effective strategy to control an ongoing epidemic. On the other hand, the control of immature forms was very efficient in preventing the resurgence of dengue epidemics. Since the control of immature forms allows the reduction of adulticide, it seems that the best strategy is to combine both adulticide and larvicide control measures during an outbreak, followed by the maintenance of larvicide methods after the epidemic has subsided. In addition, the model showed that the mixed strategy of adulticide and larvicide methods introduced by the government seems to be very effective in reducing the number of cases in the first weeks after the start of control.
Large Catalogue Query Performance in Relational Databases
Authors: Power Robert A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe performance of the mysql and oracle database systems have been compared for a selection of astronomy queries using large catalogues of up to a billion objects. The queries tested are those expected from the astronomy community: general database queries, cone searches, neighbour finding and cross matching. The catalogue preparation, sql query formulation and database performance is presented. Most of the general queries perform adequately when appropriate indexes are present in the database. Each system performs well for cone search queries when the Hierarchical Triangular Mesh spatial index is used. Neighbour finding and cross matching are not well supported in a database environment when compared to software specifically developed to solve these problems.
PALMA: mRNA to genome alignments using large margin algorithms
Authors: Schulze Uta , Hepp Bettina , Ong Cheng Soon , Rätsch Gunnar 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMotivation: Despite many years of research on how to properly align sequences in the presence of sequencing errors, alternative splicing and micro-exons, the correct alignment of mRNA sequences to genomic DNA is still a challenging task.Results: We present a novel approach based on large margin learning that combines accurate splice site predictions with common sequence alignment techniques. By solving a convex optimization problem, our algorithm—called PALMA—tunes the parameters of the model such that true alignments score higher than other alignments. We study the accuracy of alignments of mRNAs containing artificially generated micro-exons to genomic DNA. In a carefully designed experiment, we show that our algorithm accurately identifies the intron boundaries as well as boundaries of the optimal local alignment. It outperforms all other methods: for 5702 artificially shortened EST sequences from Caenorhabditis elegans and human, it correctly identifies the intron boundaries in all except two cases. The best other method is a recently proposed method called exalin which misaligns 37 of the sequences. Our method also demonstrates robustness to mutations, insertions and deletions, retaining accuracy even at high noise levels.Availability: Datasets for training, evaluation and testing, additional results and a stand-alone alignment tool implemented in C++ and python are available at http://www.fml.mpg.de/raetsch/projects/palmaContact: Gunnar.Raetsch@tuebingen.mpg.deSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Cytology of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X)
Authors: VAN HEERDE P. , EGELER R. MAARTEN 
Published: May 2007

The cytomorphology of 13 cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is described. the most striking features were the presence of intranuclear clefts, pale nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli, together with ample pale cytoplasm, only slight cellular pleomorphism, and an admixture of varying numbers of eosinophils, macrophages and degenerated cells.In 13 of 16 cases investigated ultrastructurally, characteristic Birbeck granules were detected. Out of six cases tested, four exhibited positivity for S‐100, and of three cases tested, all were positive for CD1a (leu 6) and HLA‐DR. In one case malignant transformation occurred, terminating in monocytic leukaemia.
Nucleolar Organizer Regions In Pituitary Gland Adenomas
Authors: BAYINDIR C. , DOGGAN Ö. , ÜNAL F. , DERVISOGLU S. 
Published: May 2007

Nucleolar organizer regions are DNA segments concerned with the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Some specific proteins related to NORs can be demonstrated by a silver technique and are then referred to as Ag‐NORs. the mean number of Ag‐NORs per cell has been used as a marker of cell proliferation in recent years and there is some evidence to suggest that Ag‐NOR counts can be used to differentiate between normal and neoplastic cells.Paraffin block sections of 42 pituitary gland adenomas and 24 normal adult pituitary glands have been examined using the Ag‐NOR staining technique. Touch imprints of nine adenomas and 12 normal adult pituitary glands were also examined using the same Ag‐NOR staining technique. Using light microscopy at x 2000 magnification, the Ag‐NORs were located as black dots in the cell nuclei and the mean number of Ag‐NORs per cell was determined. No significant difference was observed between blocked sections and imprints of adenomas or between imprints and paraffin sections of normal glands. However, a significant difference was observed between the mean number of Ag‐NORs in pituitary gland adenomas and normal glands in paraffin block sections and touch preparations (P< 0.001). the modified Ag‐NOR technique can be a useful aid in the differential diagnosis between normal pituitary gland tissue and pituitary adenomas, especially during surgical operations.
Expression of Vimentin and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor In Effusions From Patients With Breast Cancer; Correlation With Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status
Authors: ATHANASSIADOU P. , ATHANASSIADES P. , KYRKOU K. , GIAHNAKI E. , GIANNIOTI E. , NANAS S. 
Published: May 2007

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) status and the vimentin (V) status of malignant cells in pleural fluids from patients with breast cancer were determined using an immunoperoxidase labelling technique. the results were correlated with the oestrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR) status of the primary tumour and with disease‐free survival time of the patient. A negative correlation between EGFr and V status and hormone receptor status was found. the longest mean survival time occurred in patients with negative EGFr and V status and positive hormone receptor (ER and PR) status. the shortest mean survival time occurred in patients with positive EGFr and V and negative ER and PR status.Le récepteur du facteur de croissance de l'epiderme (EGFr) et la vimentine (V) ont étéétudiées par une technique d'immunopéroxydase, au niveau des cellules malignes des épanchements pleuraux de malades traités pour cancer du sein. Les résultats ont été corrélés avec les récepteurs d'oestrogènes (ER) et de progestérone (PR) et avec la durée de survie sans récidive. Une corrélation négative est trouvée entre le récepteur de l'EGF, la vimentine et le taux des récepteur hormonaux. La survie moyenne la plus longue est observée chez des patientes négatives pour le récepteur de l'EGF et pour la vimentine et positives pour les récepteurs hormonaux (ER et PR). La plus courte survie est associée a la positivité du récepteur de l'EGF et de la vimentine et à la négativité de ER et PR.In Pleuraergüssen von Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom wurden der Rezeptor für den epidermalen Wachstums‐faktor (EGF) sowie Vimentin mit der Immunperoxydase‐ Technik untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit dem Vorliegen von Östrogen‐ und Progesteronrezeptoren im Tumor sowie dem rezidivfreien Intervall der Patientinnen korreliert. Eine negative Korrelation bestand zwischen EGF‐Rezeptor und Vimentin. Die längste durchschnittliche Überlebenszeit wurde dagegen bei Patientinnen mit negativem Ergebnis für den EGF‐Rezeptor und Vimentin jedoch positiven Hormonrezeptoren gefunden. Die kürzeste überlebenszeit lag bei Patientinnen mit positivem Rezeptor‐ und Vimentinnachweis und Fehlen der Hormonrezeptoren vor.
Detection of p53 protein and Ki‐67 proliferation antigen in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive and HPV‐negative cervical lesions by immunohistochemical double‐staining
Authors: TERVAHAUTA A. I. , SYRJÄNEN S. M. , MÄNTYJÄRVI R. , SYRJÄNEN K. J. 
Published: May 2007

In HPV‐associated genital lesions, low or absent expression of p53 has been attributed to the rapid degradation of p53 through its binding with HPV E6 protein. In this study, we examined p53 protein expression with two antibodies (CM1 polyclonal and PAb 1801 monoclonal antibodies), and Ki‐67 proliferation antigen (monoclonal antibody) using an immunohistochemical (IHC) double‐staining technique in 77 HPV‐positive cervical lesions (HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, and HPV33) and in 15 HPV‐negative cases. p53 protein expression was detected in 36/92 (39.1%) of the specimens. of the p53‐positive cases, 80.6% (29/36) were HPV‐positive samples, including 10/23 (43.5%) of HPV16‐ and 3/10 (30%) of HPV18‐positive biopsies. In 52.8% of the p53‐positive samples, the expression was found in less than 5% of the basal cells which were also positive for Ki‐67.Ki‐67 proliferation marker was found in 91/92 specimens, most intensely in those infected by HPV16. p53 was more abundant in progressive or persistent lesions, but no differences were found between HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative samples. the positive IHC double‐staining of both p53 and Ki‐67 proliferation antigen in the same basal (and parabasal) cells indicates that these two normal cell‐cycle proteins are being expressed while the cells are entering from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Since the latter property is only attributed to the wild‐type p53 (but not to mutated p53), the p53 protein detected in HPV lesions by IHC is likely to be the wild‐type p53 rather than mutated p53, and the result was also confirmed by using p53 mutant specific antibody PAb 240. Accordingly, the concept of HPV inactivating the wild‐type p53 protein should be re‐examined, and other mechanisms for HPV‐mediated carcinogenesis should be considered.