bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma testosterone and androstenedione in insulin dependent patients at time of diagnosis and during the first year of insulin treatment
Authors: Gluud Christian , Madsbad Sten , Krarup Thure , Bennett Paul 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Ten male patients and 6 female patients with newly diagnosed insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and significant ketosis were studied before and during the first year of insulin treatment. At onset plasma concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione were significantly (P < 0.02) decreased in female patients when compared to healthy sex- and age-matched controls. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione increased significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05) in both sexes during insulin therapy. Plasma concentrations of testosterone were not significantly different from controls in both sexes after 4 days of insulin treatment and remained so during the first year of insulin treatment. Plasma concentrations of androstenedione were not significantly different from controls in both sexes after 4 days of insulin treatment, but increased to levels significantly raised in both males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.05) after 7 days and during the first year of insulin treatment.
Pituitary responses to a dopamine antagonist at different times of the day in normal women
Authors: Pérez-López F. R. , González-Moreno C. M. , Abós M. D. , Andonegui J. A. , Corvo R. H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In order to determine whether or not pituitary responsiveness to the dopaminergic antagonist clebopride changes during the nyctohemeral cycle, 10 healthy women with regular cycles were given 1 mg of clebopride orally at 09.00 h and 24.00 h with at least a 5 day interval between each test. In addition, 5 of the women were given a placebo instead of clebopride at midnight to evaluate the spontaneous hormonal changes. During the 24.00 h test the women had significantly higher P < 0.05) mean TSH basal levels. Serum prolactin (Prl) increased significantly (P < 0.001) after clebopride administration while these changes did not occur when placebo was used instead of clebopride at midnight. The Prl response to clebopride was qualitatively similar at 09.00 h and at 24.00 h. Clebopride given at midnight induced a significant increase (P < 0.05) in serum TSH while this change did not occur when the drug was given at 09.00 h or when placebo was given at midnight. The administration of clebopride resulted in no discernible alterations in serum LH, FSH or GH in either the 09.00 h or the 24.00 h tests.
Thus, Prl responses to clebopride were similar in the morning and at midnight, TSH significantly increased after clebopride at midnight whereas this did not occur when the drug was given in the morning, and no significant changes were induced in LH, FSH or GH at the times studied.
Long-term effect of oestrogens in combination with gestagen on plasma prolactin and FSH levels in post-menopausal women
Authors: Hagen Claus , Christiansen Claus , Christensen Merete Sanvig , Transbøl Ib 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Plasma prolactin (Prl) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were determined in 196 normal post-menopausal women, aged 45–54 years, receiving different doses of oestrogens in combination with gestagen (28 day cycle) in a placebo-controlled trial. In experiment I, 15 women received trisequens forte for 3 years, 19 women the same hormone combination for 2 years followed by 1 year's placebo treatment, and 15 women received placebo for 3 years. In experiment II, 30 women received trisequens forte, 22 women trisequens, 23 women trisequens mite, 20 women trisequens without oestriol, and 42 women placebo for 1 year. In both studies plasma concentrations of Prl and FSH were measured with 3 to 6 months interval.
The mean plasma Prl concentration increased about 25% (P < 0.01) in all hormone treated groups in both experiments within 1 year's treatment. However, only 26/139 (19%) of the hormone treated women had elevated Prl levels (> 20 μg/l) after 1 year of treatment. The elevated mean plasma Prl levels were maintained throughout the second and the third year of treatment with a trend to further increase. Initially, 6/196 (3.1%) of the post-menopausal women had plasma Prl concentrations of 21–40 μg/l. After 3 years of hormone therapy, 5/15 (33%) had plasma Prl concentrations of 21–60 μg/l. A significant and clearly dose-related fall in the plasma FSH concentration occurred in the hormone treated groups. The decrease varied between 40% and 75% and was seen within the first 3 months of treatment. No significant changes occurred in the mean plasma concentrations of FSH and Prl in the placebo groups.
It is concluded that hormone substitution with cyclical oestrogen/gestagen induces a rise in plasma Prl concentration, which is not related to the dose of oestrogens; and a fall in plasma FSH concentration, which is doserelated. Furthermore, it is suggested that oestriol has no significant Prl stimulating effect.
The effect of ageing on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in non-obese healthy subjects
Authors: Ratzmann K. P. , Witt S. , Heinke P. , Schulz B. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The relationship of age to insulin sensitivity was studied in 74 non-obese healthy subjects with normal fasting plasma glucose concentration, ranging in age from 17 to 65 years. Glucose tolerance and early as well as late insulin responses were characterized by means of a 2 h glucose infusion test (12 mg/kg/min) primed by an initial injection of 0.33 g/kg body weight glucose. Glucose tolerance did not markedly differ between young (< 30 years; n = 31) and middle-aged subjects (31–45 years; n = 29) but deteriorated significantly in the elder group (> 45 years; n = 14). Early and late insulin responses to glucose were not appreciably altered during ageing in this selected healthy population. For the determination of insulin sensitivity a 1 h priming dose-constant infusion technique (two 30 min periods of 8 and 16 mU/kg, insulin 'MC-Actrapid', initiated by a start injection of 1 and 2 mU/kg, respectively) was used. The percent decrease of plasma glucose, FFA and glycerol levels serves as a measure of the whole body sensitivity to exogenous insulin. Under condition of identical steady-state insulin levels the decrease in plasma glucose was significantly reduced in elderly (24 ± 5%) vs young (34 ± 2%) subjects (P < 0.05). However, a marked sensitivity to the antilipolytic effect of insulin was demonstrated in elderly subjects considered to be resistant to its glucose-lowering action. There was no evidence that disappeared time and metabolic clearance rate of insulin were altered with advancing age. In conclusion, the impaired insulin sensitivity to glucose metabolism seems to be the primary factor responsible for the deterioration of glucose tolerance with advancing age.
Early detection of patients at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. A longitudinal study of urinary albumin excretion
Authors: Parving H.-H. , Oxenbøll B. , Svendsen P. Aa. , Christiansen J. Sandahl , Andersen A. R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In an attempt to detect patients at high risk of developing diabetic nephropathy, a longitudinal study of urinary albumin excretion rate (radial immunodiffusion) was carried out in 15 female and 8 male long-term insulin-dependent diabetics without proteinuria (negative Albustix test).
Five females and 3 males had an elevated urinary albumin excretion at the time of screening, mean 115 ± 26 (sd) mg/24 h. Our upper normal range for urinary albumin excretion is ≤ 40 mg/24 h. The 5 patients with the highest albumin excretion subsequently developed persistent albuminuria, 132 → 1007 mg/24 h, P < 0.05, elevated serum creatinine, 83 → 128 μmol/l, P < 0.05, and raised blood pressure, 135/86 → 163/112 mmHg, P < 0.05. One patient developed intermittent albuminuria (positive Albustix test), while the variables in the remaining 2 patients were about the same during the 6 years observation period. Fifteen patients had a normal urinary albumin excretion, mean 17 ± 9 (sd) mg/24 h, at the time of the screening. Intermittent and persistent albuminuria developed in 2 patients, while albumin excretion, serum creatinine, and blood pressure were nearly unchanged in the remaining 13 patients after 6 years.
Our longitudinal study indicates that early detection of patients at high and low risk of developing persistent proteinuria i.e. diabetic nephropathy, is possible by using a sensitive method for measuring urinary albumin excretion.
Effects of diets rich and poor in fibres on the development of hereditary diabetes in mice
Authors: Berglund Ove , Hallmans Göran , Nygren Charlotte , Täljedal Inge-Bert 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Young mice with different genetic dispositions to obesity and hyperglycaemia were fed isocaloric diets rich (B-diet) or poor (O-diet) in fibre from rye. Normal C57BL/KsJ-+/+-mice developed equally well on the two diets with no differences in serum glucose or insulin. In non-inbred ob/ob-mice both diets were as effective as standard laboratory diet in supporting the fat accumulation and weight gain typical of these animals. No effect on serum insulin was observed, but at the age of 10 and 13 weeks the ob/ob-mice were more hyperglycaemic on the O-diet than on the B-diet. C57BL/KsJ-db/db-mice on the B-diet developed and maintained obesity until 20–25 weeks of age; they then began to lose weight and died at a median age of 36 weeks. KsJ-db/db-mice on the O-diet soon began to mobilize their fat reserves and died at a median age of 28 weeks; they also exhibited a more severe hyperglycaemia and less pronounced hyperinsulinaemia than KsJ-db/db-mice fed the B-diet. It is concluded that, at least in mice, the manifestations of a defined genetic disposition to severe diabetes mellitus can be modified by such simple an environmental factor as rye bran.
Acromegaly and hypertension: role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Authors: Karlberg Bengt E. , Ottosson Anna-Maria 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The incidence of arterial hypertension was evaluated in a partly retrospective study of patients with active acromegaly.
Of 37 patients studied, 18 (48%) had hypertension, i.e. a supine blood pressure of > 160/95 mmHg. The type of hypertension was explored further by measuring plasma renin activity and, in some patients plasma aldosterone concentrations before and after stimulation (upright posture or furosemide 80 mg given orally). Urinary 24 h excretion of aldosterone was also determined.
About half of the patients with hypertension but also a substantial part of normotensive acromegalics had inappropriately low plasma renin levels both during basal conditions and after stimulation. On the other hand urinary aldosterone excretion was either normal or (in 2 patients) slightly elevated. There was no other evidence of coexistent primary aldosteronism.
Our results confirm previous reports of a high frequency of alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in acromegalic patients with growth hormone excess which in some instances may lead to an elevated blood pressure. The biochemical changes have many similarities to low renin essential hypertension.
A volume factor may be operating in acromegalic patients with hypertension since in 10 patients treatment with the aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, with doses between 50–200 mg daily lowered blood pressure to near normal levels. Thus, spironolactone seems to be a worthwhile alternative in the treatment of hypertensive acromegalics.
Plasma progesterone levels following subdermal implantation of progesterone pellets in lactating women
Authors: Croxatto Horacio B. , Díaz Soledad , Peralta Octavio , Salvatierra Ana María , Brandeis Astrid 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The magnitude and duration of elevated plasma progesterone levels resulting from subdermal implantation of progesterone pellets were investigated in full nursing women. This condition was chosen because it is associated with a low rate of ovulation and minimal endogenous progesterone production. In addition, treatment with progesterone pellets was intended to be a substitute for oral or parenteral administration of synthetic progestogens to nursing mothers. A control group of full nursing women receiving no hormones provided blood samples so that basal plasma progesterone levels from the second to the sixth post-partum month could be assessed. Progesterone pellets were implanted subdermally on day 30–35 after delivery. Insertion of 2, 4 or 6 pellets each containing 100 mg of progesterone caused an initial elevation of plasma progesterone to 5.9, 9.9 and 13.5 nmol/l, respectively. This initial elevation was followed by a gradual decline, so that basal levels were attained at 70, 100 and 150 days after insertion of 2, 4 or 6 pellets.
Implantation of 6 progesterone pellets led to a significant decrease in the ovulation rate of nursing women. These results indicate that subdermal implantation of 6 progesterone pellets can provide biologically effective levels of the hormone for up to 5 months.
Immunocytochemical study of the hypophysis in 25 dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Krieger Dorothy T. , Drucker William D. , Halmi Nicholas S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Pituitary adenomas were found in 21 (84%) of 25 dogs with spontaneous pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Six dogs had pars intermedia adenomas, whereas 15 had tumours of the pars distalis. Diffuse corticotroph cell hyperplasia was found in 1 of the 4 pituitaries without adenoma; in 2 dogs with pituitary adenoma, coexisting hyperplasia of the surrounding corticotrophs was also present.
Immunocytochemical staining of the pituitaries revealed positive staining for ACTH, β-lipotrophin, and β-endorphin in the majority of both pars distalis and pars intermedia adenomas. The most frequent and intense staining was found with anti-β-endorphin. In most part intermedia tumours, many cells stained strongly for α-MSH; double immunostaining of one pars intermedia adenoma for ACTH and α-MSH showed that some tumour cells stained only for ACTH or α-MSH whereas others contained both peptides. Only occasional cells stained for α-MSH in pars distalis adenomas.
Evidence of a correlation between thyrotrophin receptor binding inhibition and thyroid adenylate cyclase activation by immunoglobulins in Graves' disease before and during long-term antithyroid treatment
Authors: Bliddal Henning , Bech Karine , Petersen Per Hyltoft , Siersbæk-Nielsen Kaj , Friis Thorkild 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In the present study we have measured in parallel thyrotrophin binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) and thyroid adenylate cyclase stimulating immunoglobulins (TACSI) in patients with Graves' disease (GD) both before and during long-term antithyroid treatment.
A statistical model based on the calculation of the differences (TACSI-TBII) is presented, comparing the changes in this parameter to the analytical variation. The correlation between TBII and TACSI in 52 patients with GD before treatment was: r = 0.58, P < 0.0001. During long-term antithyroid treatment of GD the 2 activities changed in parallel in 39 of 45 patients followed. In a few patients discrepancies were observed, and 1 patient, initially TACSI positive, developed adenylate cyclase inhibiting IgG during treatment but without detectable TBII.
In conclusion, 1) TBII and TACSI are significantly correlated in patients with GD both before and during long-term antithyroid treatment, 2) in some patients discrepancies between TBII and TACSI suggest, that these IgGs are heterogeneous with varying capacity for stimulation of the adenylate cyclase and receptor binding, and 3) adenylate cyclase inhibitory IgG without TBII activity was demonstrated in GD.
Pituitary and testicular functions in sexually mature rhesus monkeys under high-dose LRH-agonist treatment
Authors: Akhtar F. Bint , Wickings E. J. , Zaidi P. , Nieschlag E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Treatment with high doses of LRH-agonists leads to a down-regulation of testicular LH/hCG receptors and is accompanied by a suppression of spermatogenesis in some laboratory animals. In order to test whether this may provide an approach to male fertility control, 4 adult rhesus monkeys were treated with very high doses of LRH-agonist, D-Ser(TBu)6-LRH-ethylamide (100 μg daily) for 10 weeks during the breeding season. There was a decrease in testicular volume after 3 weeks of treatment. Serum LH and testosterone levels were suppressed. Sperm counts were stimulated during the first 6 weeks of treatment. At the end of treatment sperm counts, although lower, were still in the normal range. The chronic treatment schedule resulted in a decrease in pituitary responsiveness to an acute challenge with 4 μg agonist iv, indicating a desensitization of the pituitary. However, the testosterone response remained unchanged. This study using extremely high doses of the agonist indicates that, compared to the rat, male primates are far more resistant to the suppressive effects of LRH-agonists.
Relationships between fat and plasma androstenone and plasma testosterone in fatty and lean young boars following castration
Authors: Bonneau M. , Meusy-Dessolle N. , Léglise P. C. , Claus R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of weight of fatty tissue on fat and plasma androstenone and on plasma testosterone relationships was studied in the young boar following castration. For this purpose, 9 boars were castrated at 175 days of age, plasma steroid levels were determined daily up to 10 days after orchidectomy and fat androstenone concentration was measured 1, 3, 6, 10 and 15 days after castration. The results show that the apparent half-life of stored androstenone is very variable between boars (range: 4 to 14 days) and do not depend on the weight of fatty tissue. The rate of elimination of plasma-androstenone is also very variable between boars. The rate of disappearance of fat androstenone following castration does not depend on the rate of androstenone release from fatty tissue to peripheral plasma but is more likely dependent on the intensity of plasma androstenone catabolism and elimination. Therefore, fat androstenone concentration in the intact boar is almost only depending on the equilibrium between the respective rates of testicular production and elimination.
Gonadectomy-induced reduction of blood pressure in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Masubuchi Yoshiko , Kumai Toshio , Uematsu Akiyo , Komoriyama Kenji , Hirai Masanao 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Adult male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-Okamoto, Kyoto) were gonadectomized when they were 17 weeks old. Intact SHR showed a progressive increase of their blood pressure with growth, attaining systolic pressure levels of 194–208 in males and 163–173 mmHg in females when they were 29–30 weeks old. During this same period, the gonadectomized animals showed a significant reduction in blood pressure ranging from 168–175 in males and from 158–163 mmHg in females. These studies indicate that male and female SHR gonadectomized at 17 weeks of age do not show the progressive blood pressure rise that occurs in intact SHR. There was no change in heart rate in either sex. Corticosterone (B) levels in plasma were increased in the orchidectomized males, and 18-OH-DOC levels in plasma were increased in the adrenal glands of ovariectomized females indicating that these hormonal changes probably do not play a role in SHR hypertension. It appears that gonadal and other hormones are involved in the pathogenesis of SHR hypertension.
Presence of melatonin in various cat brainstem nuclei determined by radioimmunoassay
Authors: Sallanon M. , Claustrat B. , Touret M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Microdissected samples of juvenile cat brain tissue were assayed for melatonin content using a double antibody radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive melatonin was consistently detected, albeit in variable amounts, in pineal, habenula, the region of the nucleus gracilis, gigantocellular reticular formation of the pons and medulla oblongata. Among the negative areas were raphe nuclei, substantia nigra and locus caeruleus. These findings suggest that melatonin may play a role in some structures of the central nervous system outside the pineal-hypothalamo-pituitary axis. This immunoreactive melatonin could reflect a local synthesis, or a tissular uptake of melatonin from blood or cerebrospinal fluid.
Effect of intravenous calcium on urinary cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate and hydroxyproline in children with hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Kruse Klaus , Kracht Ute 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of iv calcium on the urinary excretion of total adenosine-3',5',-monophosphate (cAMP) and total hydroxyproline (OH-P) was investigated in 5 children with parathyroid hormone (PTH)-deficient and PTH-resistant hypoparathyroidism, two of them being normocalcaemic during the study, in comparison to 4 healthy and 8 epileptic children and adolescents. Eighteen mg/kg body weight calcium, infused over 3 h, induced a decrease of cAMP to (mean ± sd) 82.1 ± 2.5% of the baseline value in controls and to 69.8 ± 9.7% in epileptic patients with an inverse correlation to the relative increase of serum calcium after the infusion in both groups (r = −0.75, P < 0.01). In contrast, the cAMP excretion increased after calcium load in the 5 hypoparathyroid children to 118.7 ± 14.9% of baseline despite a comparable serum calcium increase. OH-P decreased to (mean ± SD) 48.0 ± 6.8% of baseline in controls, 48.2 ± 12.7% in the epileptic patients and 39.4 ± 9.8% in the children with hypoparathyroidism, the differences between the three groups being statistically not significant.
It is concluded that the simple measurement of urinary cAMP before and after calcium infusion may provide a diagnostic tool to identify hypoparathyroid patients even in the normocalcaemic state. In contrast, the measurement of the calcium-induced suppressibility of OH-P does not discriminate these patients from subjects with normal parathyroid function.
Effects of starvation on oxidative metabolism and insulin release by isolated mouse pancreatic islets
Authors: Welsh Michael , Andersson Arne 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Pancreatic islets were isolated from either 60-h-starved or fed mice and subsequently incubated in order to determine the insulin release in response to various secretagogues, rates of glucose, leucine or glutamine oxidation or the acetoacetate production from leucine. It was found that in contrast to findings with islets isolated from fed mice 16.7 mm glucose, 10 mM leucine and 10 mm α-ketoisocaproic acid did not stimulate the insulin release of islets isolated from starved mice. Moreover, the insulin release in response to leucine plus glutamine or glucose plus glutamine was decreased after starvation although these values were higher than those obtained for glutamine addition alone. Theophylline, however, restored partly the impaired insulin response to glucose and completely that to leucine or α-ketoisocaproic acid. Starvation was found to inhibit the islet glucose oxidation rate but the addition of theophylline was without effect irrespective of whether the islets were prepared from fed or starved mice. On the contrary, islet leucine oxidation was increased after starvation and again theophylline did not affect the islet leucine oxidation rate. Likewise, the islet acetoacetate production was increased after starvation. The glutamine oxidation rates were not affected by starvation, either when tested alone or together with glucose or leucine. It is concluded that although the starvation-induced impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin release may well be explained by an influence on the oxidative metabolism other factors are also involved as regards leucine-stimulated insulin release.