bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Torque‐rheometry investigation of model transreactions involving condensation polymers. I. Polyesters
Authors: Filippi Sara , Madrigali Laura , Polacco Giovanni , Magagnini Pierluigi , La Mantia Francesco P. , Acierno Domenico 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe chemical transformations taking place when poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) or poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) are blended in the melt with different low molar mass substances containing hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amine functional groups have been investigated as models of the transreactions, undergone by the polyesters in reactive blending operations. The polyester molecular weight changes caused by the alcoholysis, acidolysis, aminolysis, and esterolysis reactions have been monitored by torque‐rheometry, using a Brabender Plasticorder static mixer. The degradation of the polyesters by hydrolysis was also studied, under similar conditions, by the addition of a water‐releasing substance (wet polyamide‐6), and was shown to occur quite rapidly, although most of the added water was lost by flash vaporization caused by the high temperature of the polyester melt. It has been shown that the rate constants of the reactions leading to breakage of the inner ester bonds of the polyester macromolecules decrease in the following order: aminolysis (with aliphatic amines, either primary and secondary) > alcoholysis (with aliphatic alcohols) ≈ hydrolysis > acidolysis (with aromatic acids) ≥ acidolysis (with aliphatic acids) ≫ aminolysis (with aromatic amines) > alcoholysis (with phenols) ≫ esterolysis. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:139–152, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
On the injection molding of nanostructured polymer surfaces
Authors: Pranov Henrik , Rasmussen Henrik Koblitz , Larsen Niels Bent , Gadegaard Nikolaj 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWell‐defined nano‐topographies were prepared by electron‐beam lithography and electroplated to form nickel‐shims. The surface pattern consisted of square pillars repeated equidistantly within the plane of the surface in a perpendicular arrangement. The width and distance between the squares both ranged from 310 to 3100 nm. All the pillars were 220 nm high. The nickel‐shim was used as a surface‐template during injection molding of polycarbonate. Secondly, a nickel shim, with a surface pattern consisted of a squared sine with a period of 700 nm and amplitude of 450 nm, was mounted on, and it was in good thermal contact with the upper plate in a hot‐press. Polycarbonate/polystyrene was melted on the lower plate while the temperature of the shim was kept below the glass transition temperature. The upper plate was lowered until the shim was in contact with the melt. Experiments were carried out with a clean shim and a shim coated with a monolayer of fluorocarbonsilane. As a result of the surface coating, the amplitude of the replicated grating decreased from about 350 nm in polycarbonate and 100 nm in polystyrene to less than 10 nm. The experiments strongly suggest that the possibility to injection mold sub‐micrometer surface structures in polymers mainly relates to adhesive energy between polymer and shim. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:160–171, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ultrasonically initiated miniemulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Qiu Guihua , Wang Qi , Wang Chao , Lau Willie , Guo Yili 
Published: December 2005

AbstractUltrasonically initiated miniemulsion polymerization of styrene was conducted in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Stable polystyrene (PS)/Fe3O4 nanocomposite emulsions were prepared and magnetic PS/Fe3O4 composite particles were obtained through magnetic separation. The whole procedure comprised two steps. First, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were dispersed in the monomer phase with the aid of stabilizer Span‐80. Second, miniemulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was carried out under an ultrasonic field in the absence of a chemical initiator. The affecting factors, including stabilizer concentration, surfactant concentration, hexadecane concentration and the amount of Fe3O4, were systematically studied. Stabilizer concentration, surfactant concentration and hexadecane concentration strongly affected the formation of the coagulation. The least amount of coagulation was formed at 2.5 wt% Span‐80 concentration. The addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles drastically increased the polymerization rate owing to the fact that Fe3O4 nanoparticles increased the acoustic intensity and Fe2+ reacted with H2O2 to produce hydroxyl radicals and increase the number of radicals. The increase in cosurfactant concentration and power output also increased the polymerization rate. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Luminescence techniques and characterization of the morphology of polymer latices. 1. Fluorescence quenching studies upon labelled acrylic dispersions
Authors: Soutar Ian , Swanson Linda , Annable Tom , Padget John C , Satgurunathan Rajasingham 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFluorescence‐quenching measurements have been made on five differently labelled poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) latices. The accessibility of the fluorescent label to a freely diffusing quencher (nitromethane, in the case of the current study) gives information on the label's micro‐environment. However, it is shown that this is not (necessarily) relevant to considerations of the particle morphology in the absence of the label: the presence of the label during formation of the latex influences the nature of the domain in which it is finally located.Used with caution, fluorescence quenching is capable of yielding information regarding the morphology of polymer latices, especially when complemented by other techniques, such as rheology measurements or small angle neutron scattering. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of oligocaprolactone vinyl ether macromonomers and their use for indomethacin encapsulation in polymer nanoparticles based on polycaprolactone macromonomer–maleic anhydride–N‐vinyl pyrrolidone terpolymers
Authors: Iojoiu Cristina , Cade David , Fessi Hatem , Hamaide Thierry 
Published: December 2005

AbstractOligocaprolactone macromonomers functionalized with vinyl ether have been synthesized by polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of hydroxy ethyl or butyl vinyl ether and characterised by NMR and Maldi time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy. These macromonomers have been copolymerized with maleic anhydride and N‐vinyl pyrrolidone to give terpolymers, which have been used to obtain nanoparticles by the phase‐separation‐dialysis method. Previously dissolving indomethacin in the terpolymer solution allows one to encapsulate the drug inside the nanoparticles. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of novel perfluorinated polyimides with 3D‐controlled structures for photonic applications
Authors: Park Jin Kyu , Lee Dong Hun , Song Bok Ju , Oh Jae Buem , Kim Hwan Kyu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have designed and synthesized novel perfluorinated polyimides with 3D controlled structure. At first, we successfully developed the new synthetic routes to diamines with pendant bulky perfluorinated aromatic units in a multi‐step synthetic procedure. Novel perfluorinated polyimides were prepared in a two‐step reaction in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) solution: The first step was for the synthesis of polyamic acids (PAAs) and the second reaction was for the imidization of PAA. The polymer yield was over 89% and the inherent viscosity of PAAs was in the range of 0.24–0.36 dL/g. The thin films were prepared by spin‐coating the PAA solution in NMP onto various substrates such as a Si wafer or a KBr pellet, dried at 80 °C and further cured at 230 °C. The resultant polyimides are thermally stable over 400 °C. The refractive index and birefringence of the resultant polyimides are 1.5858–1.6452 and 0.01–0.005, respectively. The refractive index of polyimide decreases with increasing the fluorine content. The copolymerization and the ether linkages into the backbone reduce the birefringence of polyimides. Surprisingly, the pendant ether linkage is not a crucial factor in reducing the polyimide birefringence. Their birefringence is comparatively very low, compared with that of previous polyimides. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1326–1342, 2006
Absenteeism from work: the experience of employed breast and prostate cancer patients in the months following diagnosis
Authors: Bradley Cathy J. , Oberst Kathleen , Schenk Maryjean 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground: A better understanding of how cancer treatments affect patient's employment may help patients and physicians make more informed choices between treatment alternatives. This study examined the number of days employed patients undergoing treatment for either breast or prostate cancer were absent from their jobs.Method: Using the Detroit Surveillance, Epidemiology, End‐Results registry, all potentially eligible women diagnosed with breast cancer and men diagnosed with prostate cancer were selected. Subjects who were employed full‐time were included in this analysis.Results: Women treated for breast cancer missed an average of 44.5 days from work; the median days missed was 22. The median days missed by women treated with surgery and chemotherapy was 40. Men diagnosed with prostate cancer missed an average of 27 days (median days=20) from work. The median days missed for men treated surgically without hormone or radiation therapy was 25. In multivariable analyses, taking a leave of absence and greater elapsed time from diagnosis to interview were associated with the greatest number of days absent from work for all patients. Men treated with hormone and/or radiation therapy or who were not treated missed fewer days from work relative to men undergoing surgery.Conclusion: Research and interventions are needed to minimize work loss for cancer patients. Vocational rehabilitation programs may minimize the impact of treatment on work. Information on how treatments may infringe the ability for patients to earn a living may influence treatment decisions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic value of PINP, bone alkaline phosphatase, CTX‐I, and YKL‐40 in patients with metastatic prostate carcinoma
Authors: Brasso Klaus , Christensen Ib Jarle , Johansen Julia S. , Teisner Børge , Garnero Patrick , Price Paul A. , Iversen Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo examine the prognostic value of markers of bone metabolism (serum PINP, BAP, and CTX‐I) and serum YKL‐40 in metastatic prostate carcinoma (PC).METHODSThe biomarkers were determined by ELISAs in 153 metastatic PC patients before treatment with parenteral estrogen or total androgen ablation. The median follow‐up was 4.9 years. One hundred fifteen patients died.RESULTSThe biomarkers were increased in the patients compared to controls (P < 0.001), and related to performance status and Soloway score (except YKL‐40), but not to T‐category and WHO tumor grade. PINP was elevated in 87%, BAP (55%), CTX‐I (33%), and YKL‐40 (43%). Univariate analysis showed an association to survival: PINP (HR = 1.6, P < 0.0001), BAP (HR = 1.4, P < 0.0001), CTX‐I (HR = 1.7, P < 0.0001), and YKL‐40 (HR = 1.4, P = 0.004). In multivariate Cox analysis performance status, WHO grade, Soloway score, PINP, and YKL‐40 were independently predictive factors.CONCLUSIONSHigh serum PINP, BAP, CTX‐I, and YKL‐40 are associated with poor outcome of metastatic PC patients. Prostate © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metastable and quasiperiodic phases in rapidly quenched Fe–B–Si–Nb(Cu) alloys
Authors: Lyasotskii I. V. , Dyakonova N. B. , Vlasova E. N. , Dyakonov D. L. , Yazvitskii M. Yu. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe formation of metastable phases as a result of devitrification of amorphous iron‐based alloys, in particular at the initial stages of the process, was investigated. Compositions with 4–14 at% B, 3–10 at% Nb, 13–15 at% Si, 0–1 at% Cu were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The following metastable phases were observed: bcc phase with α‐Mn‐type structure; quasiperiodic structure with cubic symmetry; hexagonal phase (rhombohedral distortion of α‐Mn structure); and Laves C14 phase. Some of these phases are also observed in “Finemet” alloys with 1% Cu: cubic quasiperiodic phase and α‐Mn‐type phase after laser annealing of amorphous phase, and the hexagonal phase at the late stages of crystallization. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of resistivity of a p‐Si chip on the light‐emitting efficiency of a top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode with the p‐Si chip as the anode
Authors: Xu A. G. , Ran G. Z. , Wu Z. L. , Ma G. L. , Qiao Y. P. , Xu Y. H. , Yang B. R. , Zhang B. R. , Qin G. G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor the top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode (TOLED) with a structure of p‐Si/SiOx/N,N′‐bis‐(1‐naphthl)‐diphenyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐diamine (NPB)/tris‐(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (AlQ)/Sm/Au, we found the resistivity of the p‐Si anode has a great effect on the hole injection and hence on the light‐emitting efficiency. Among the p‐Si anode TOLEDs each having a resistivity of 10–3, 10–1, 1, 10, 20, 40, and 70 Ω cm, the light‐emitting power efficiency is highest for the one with a 40 Ω cm p‐Si anode. The existence of an optimum resistivity for the p‐Si anode is mainly due to the near balance of hole injection with electron injection. When the p‐Si resistivity and the device voltage are high enough, the hole‐injection ability of the p‐Si anode becomes weaker than that of an indium‐tin oxide anode. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ac conductivity and dielectric properties of TlIn0.975Y0.025S2 single crystal
Authors: El‐Nahass M. M. , El‐Barry A. M. A. , Abd el Rahman S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity, dielectric properties, and dielectric loss of TlIn0.975Y0.025S2 single crystal was studied in the temperature range 303–473 K over the frequency range 102–105 Hz. A characteristic frequency, ωp, was found involved in the conduction mechanism, above which the electrical conductivity increased sharply. This observed variation was explained according to Summerfield theory for hopping conductivity which predicted a scaling law for the low‐frequency ac conductivity: σ(ω) = σ(0) [1 + (ω/ωp)β]. At higher frequency (≥4 kHz) the ac conductivity increased sharply with frequency according to the power law σac ≈ Aωs. The analysis of the ac conductivity at higher frequency showed that the correlated barrier hopping model is the most appropriate mechanism. Also, the loss tangent, tanδ, was predicted to decrease with increasing frequency. Capacitance was found to decrease with increasing frequency and decreasing temperature. The capacitance reached a minimum value, Cmin, at higher frequencies. Finally the maximum barrier height, WM, the hopping energy, ωH, the relaxation time, τ, and the density of states, N(Ef), for TlIn0.975Y0.025S2 single crystals were determined. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of nickel–zinc ferrite nanoparticles in polyol: morphological, structural and magnetic studies
Authors: Beji Z. , Ben Chaabane T. , Smiri L. S. , Ammar S. , Fiévet F. , Jouini N. , Grenèche J. M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNickel–zinc ferrite monodisperse nanoparticles are synthesized by forced hydrolysis in diethylenglycol. FC and ZFC susceptibility curves suggest that they present superparmagnetic behaviour with a blocking temperature between 63 and 15 K depending on the zinc content. The saturation magnetization of the nanocrystals at 5 K is very close to that of bulk materials, and very high compared to that of similar particles prepared by other chemical routes. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and In‐field Mössbauer studies show clearly that these relatively high values are mainly due to: (i) the high crystalline quality of the particles and (ii) a cation distribution different from the classical distribution encountered in the bulk material. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling suppression of cyanobacterial blooms by flow management in a lowland river
Authors: Mitrovic Simon M. , Chessman Bruce C. , Bowling Lee C. , Cooke Richard H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGrowth and dominance of the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis in weir pools of the Barwon–Darling River, Australia, are related to persistent vertical thermal stratification between October and March, when discharge is low. We determined critical velocities and discharges required to suppress bloom formation at three sites, and modelled the occurrence of sub‐critical discharges in order to predict the frequency of blooms under different management scenarios. Our model suggests that the frequency of blooms was about double that expected under near‐natural flows (without major impoundment or water extraction) for 1990–2000. Flow management, through Environmental Water Provisions that limit water extraction when river levels are low, has been in place since July 2000. Our model suggests that these provisions are unlikely to have had an effect on bloom frequency for 2000–2003. In the longer term, however, they could reduce bloom frequency at some sites by up to one‐third. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclosporin A does not protect the disruption of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential induced by potassium ionophores in intact K562 cells
Authors: Marques‐Santos Luis F. , Coqueiro Vivian M. , Rumjanek Vivian M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction has been widely associated with programmed cell death. Studies of intact cells are important for the understanding of the process of cell death and its relation to mitochondrial physiology. Using cytofluorometric approaches we studied the mitochondrial behavior in an erythroleukemic cell line. The effects of protonophore carbonyl cyanide m‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), potassium exchanger (nigericin), potassium ionophore (valinomycin), Na+K+‐ATPase inhibitor (ouabain) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor (cyclosporin A) were evaluated. Cyclosporin A (CSA) was very effective in attenuating the disruption of inner mitochondrial membrane potential induced by CCCP. However, CSA failed to protect the loss of inner mitochondrial membrane potential induced by potassium intracellular flux manipulation. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial cyclophilin is not involved in the cell events mediated by deregulation of potassium flux, underlining the need for further studies in intact tumor cells for a better understanding of the involvement of mitochondria physiology in cell death events.
Does yeast shmooing mean a commitment to apoptosis?
Authors: Zadrag Renata , Wojnar Leszek , Bartosz Grzegorz , Biliński Tomasz 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTreatment of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with α‐pheromone has been reported to lead to massive apoptosis of cells finding no conjugation partner [Severin FF, Hyman AA. Pheromone induces programmed cell death in S. cerevisiae. Curr Biol 2002;12:R233–5]. We report here that this effect is not common in yeast. Using different yeast strains, we demonstrate that identical treatment results in a low mortality even after prolonged treatment with the pheromone. These findings are followed by a general discussion of the biological relevance of apoptosis in yeast.
Antiproliferation and apoptosis induced by curcumin in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Shi Mingxin , Cai Qiufeng , Yao Luming , Mao Yubin , Ming Yanlin , Ouyang Gaoliang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCurcumin, an active ingredient from the rhizome of the plant, Curcuma longa, has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer activities. It has recently been demonstrated that the chemopreventive activities of curcumin might be due to its ability to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of curcumin on growth and apoptosis in the human ovarian cancer cell line Ho‐8910 by MTT assay, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and Western blotting. Our data revealed that curcumin could significantly inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis in Ho‐8910 cells. A decrease in expression of Bcl‐2, Bcl‐XL and pro‐caspase‐3 was observed after exposure to 40 μM curcumin, while the levels of p53 and Bax were increased in the curcumin‐treated cells. These activities may contribute to the anticarcinogenic action of curcumin.
Electrically induced gel‐to‐gel phase‐transition in neurons
Authors: Kellermayer Richard , Zsombok Andrea , Auer Tibor , Gallyas Ferenc 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAt the end of transcardial perfusions with ice‐cold physiological saline for 30 min or with isoosmotic potassium chloride for 5 min, but immediately before perfusion fixation, condenser‐discharge electric shocks were administered to rats through surface electrodes pressed onto the temporal muscles of the scalped skull. As a result, striking ultrastructural compaction came about in numerous neurons thinly scattered in certain brain areas. Its features displayed a high degree of similarity to those previously observed following the in vivo administration of the same kind of electric shocks. This surprising independence from the actual state of metabolism questions whether the ultrastructural compaction, induced either in vivo or post mortem, is the result of any cascade of enzyme‐mediated processes. On the other hand, a physical mechanism, phase transition propagated by non‐covalent free energy stored in a cytoplasmic gel structure, which was proposed recently to explain a mechanically induced similar ultrastructural compaction, appears to apply also to the present case.
Chronic infarct‐related artery occlusion is associated with a reduction in capillary density. Effects on infarct healing
Authors: Prech Marek , Grajek Stefan , Marszalek Andrzej , Lesiak Maciej , Jemielity Marek , Araszkiewicz Aleksander , Mularek‐Kubzdela Tatiana , Cieslinski Andrzej 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAim:To assess the relationship between infarct‐related artery (IRA) stenosis and capillary density and to assess its effect on scar formation in the human heart.Materials and methods:Morphometric evaluation was performed in 51 human hearts, as follows. Group I non‐cardiac death (control), Group II post‐Q‐wave myocardial infarction (QMI) death and Group III patients who survived QMI and who underwent aneurysmectomy. Using morphometric parameters, the relationship between left ventricle (LV) mass, infarct size, IRA stenosis, cellular hypertrophy and changes in microcirculation were analyzed within the infarcted area and free LV wall.Results:A significant reduction in capillary density within the infarcted area was noted in group II when compared to the control group (1525.6±378.5/mm2 vs. 2968.7±457.3/mm2; p<0.001). Reduction in capillary density was inversely related to infarct size (r=−0.616; p=0.006) and degree of IRA stenosis (rS=−0.512; p=0.03). The most significant reduction in capillary density was observed in patients with total IRA occlusion (1204.6±156.9/mm2 vs. 1676.6±245.8/mm2; p<0.001). Similarly, a reduction in capillary density of over 60% (1030.7±241.8/mm2) was observed within aneurysms resected surgically.Conclusions:The study demonstrated precise quantification of the capillary network in patients following QMI. The most significant reduction in capillary density was observed in patients with chronic total IRA occlusion.