bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Detention Environment and Mental Health of Detainees in Immigration Detention Centers in Spain
Authors: Paloma Virginia , Benítez Isabel , Agüero-Collins Armando , López-Núñez Carla , Saavedra-Macías Francisco J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increase in migratory flows worldwide has led to the creation of detention centers as a form of control of irregular migration. Recipient countries are responsible for protecting detainees’ right to mental health, but the literature suggests that immigration detention centers are environments associated with complex mental health needs among the detainees. This study aims to approach the mental health of people detained in the immigration detention centers in Spain, a southern border of Europe. Eighty-seven migrants coming from different Latin American and African countries were interviewed using an adaptation of the Measure of Quality of Life in Detention (MQLD; Bosworth & Gerlach, 2020) to measure the perceived detention environment and The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25; Derogatis et al., 1974) to assess mental health. The results show a high prevalence of detainees with significant levels of anxiety and depression (69%) and attempts at self-harm within the detention centers (19.5%). A more positive perception of the detention environment—especially concerning institutional decency and the relationship with officers—is related to a lower degree of negative mental health symptoms. Finally, people detained for more than 2 weeks assess the detention environment more negatively than those detained for less time. Scientific contributions and social implications to ensure the mental health of detainees from a human rights-based approach are discussed.
Theory of self-generated vortex flows in a tokamak magnetic island
Authors: Choi G. J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present a gyrokinetic theory of an E$$\times$$
×
B vortex flow in a magnetic island self-generated from turbulence in a collisionless tokamak plasma. We have found that after fast collisionless damping, the self-generated vortex flow arrives at a residual level higher than the Rosenbluth-Hinton level predicted in the tokamak geometry. In the longer term, the residual vortex flow undergoes further damping with a deformation toward a zonal-vortex mixture, making open streamlines near the X-points that reduce the isolated region of the island. It is due to the helical symmetry breaking by the toroidal precession, expected to be stronger in higher-temperature plasmas and in lower aspect ratio tokamaks. A strong enough background vortex flow can significantly suppress the toroidicity-induced damping and deformation of the self-generated vortex flow, proposing that the island boundary is a key location for the bifurcation of the confinement state.
Real-Time Graph Building on FPGAs for Machine Learning Trigger Applications in Particle Physics
Authors: Neu Marc , Becker Jürgen , Dorwarth Philipp , Ferber Torben , Reuter Lea , Stefkova Slavomira , Unger Kai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present a design methodology that enables the semi-automatic generation of a hardware-accelerated graph building architectures for locally constrained graphs based on formally described detector definitions. In addition, we define a similarity measure in order to compare our locally constrained graph building approaches with commonly used k-nearest neighbour building approaches. To demonstrate the feasibility of our solution for particle physics applications, we implemented a real-time graph building approach in a case study for the Belle II central drift chamber using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Our presented solution adheres to all throughput and latency constraints currently present in the hardware-based trigger of the Belle II experiment. We achieve constant time complexity at the expense of linear space complexity and thus prove that our automated methodology generates online graph building designs suitable for a wide range of particle physics applications. By enabling an hardware-accelerated preprocessing of graphs, we enable the deployment of novel Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in first-level triggers of particle physics experiments.
Towards misinformation mitigation on social media: novel user activity representation for modeling societal acceptance
Authors: Abouzeid Ahmed , Granmo Ole-Christoffer , Goodwin Morten , Webersik Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntervention-based mitigation methods have become a common way to fight misinformation on Social Media (SM). However, these methods depend on how information spreads are modeled in a diffusion model. Unfortunately, there are no realistic diffusion models or enough diverse datasets to train diffusion prediction functions. In particular, there is an urgent need for mitigation methods and labeled datasets that capture the mutual temporal incidences of societal bias and societal engagement that drive the spread of misinformation. To that end, this paper proposes a novel representation of users’ activity on SM. We further embed these in a knapsack-based mitigation optimization approach. The optimization task is to find ways to mitigate political manipulation by incentivizing users to propagate factual information. We have created PEGYPT, a novel Twitter dataset to train a novel multiplex diffusion model with political bias, societal engagement, and propaganda events. Our approach aligns with recent theoretical findings on the importance of societal acceptance of information spread on SM as proposed by Olan et al. (Inf Syst Front 1–16, 2022). Our empirical results show significant differences from traditional representations, where the latter assume users’ exposure to misinformation can be mitigated despite their political bias and societal acceptance. Hence, our work opens venues for more realistic misinformation mitigation.
Prevalence, Inequalities, and Impact of Bullying in Adolescence: Insights from the #BeeWell Study
Authors: Thornton Emma , Panayiotou Margarita , Humphrey Neil 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMeasurement is fundamental to understanding and preventing bullying, but approaches in the field are inconsistent, producing much conflicting evidence. We illustrate this by demonstrating the sensitivity of findings to researcher-led analytical decisions (exposure threshold and type(s) of bullying considered) in a study addressing the following aims: (i) to determine the prevalence of bullying; (ii) to establish the nature and extent of inequalities in bullying exposure between different socio-demographic groups; (iii) to examine the relationship between bullying exposure and internalising symptoms; and (iv) to establish if this relationship varies between socio-demographic groups. Adolescents aged 12–15 (N = 35,825) attending 147 secondary schools in the #BeeWell study completed measures of bullying and internalising mental health difficulties. These data were linked to information on their socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. socio-economic disadvantage). A series of pre-registered analyses were undertaken. With regard to the first aim, the prevalence of bullying victimisation was found to range between 5 and 16%. In relation to the second aim, disparities in exposure to bullying were consistently found among gender and sexual minorities (vs cisgender heterosexual boys), those with special educational needs (vs those without special educational needs), younger students (vs older students), and those from more disadvantaged neighbourhoods (vs those from less disadvantaged neighbourhoods), irrespective of the bullying exposure threshold or type being considered. However, disparities among cisgender heterosexual girls (vs cisgender heterosexual boys) and ethnic minority groups (vs White students) varied by exposure threshold and type of bullying. Pertaining to the third aim, the population attributable fraction for the association between bullying exposure and internalising symptoms was found to range between 6 and 19%, with the odds ratio ranging between 3.55 and 4.20. Finally, in terms of the fourth aim, there was limited evidence that the magnitude of the impact of bullying victimisation varied across socio-demographic subgroups, except that bullying exposure was more strongly associated with internalising symptoms among LGBTQ+ young people and cisgender heterosexual girls (vs cisgender heterosexual boys), and less strongly associated with internalising symptoms among Black students (vs White students). Our findings speak to the importance of developing more consistent measurement practices in bullying research, with consequent implications for prevention and intervention. These implications are contextualised by consideration of study strengths and limitations.
Low-level memory and timing analysis of flight code for unmanned aerial systems
Authors: Saleab Micheal , Sax Franz , Schumann Johann , Holzapfel Florian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of flight software for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) is challenging due to the absence of an established development process defined by aerospace certification authorities. This research paper outlines our methods and tools for analyzing flight-critical UAS control software on the target hardware. We present our toolchain and methodology for evaluating the flight control computer stack, runtime memory, and timing characteristics. Additionally, we compare the performance of the flight control computer under various hardware and cache settings to justify, which hardware features should be enabled. The tools and processes employed in this research are deployable to any other development environment and are not restricted to the specific target hardware used in this paper.
Preparation of some selective glass–ceramics from nano-silica within the Li2O–SiO2 system with ZrO2 for future dental applications
Authors: ElBatal F. H. , Marzouk M. A. , Azooz M. A. , Elbatal H. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany recent studies have indicated that some modified silicate glass–ceramics are considered and recommended to be part of the process of dental applications. Examples from the recommended glass–ceramics include modified lithium silicate with various dopants (ZrO2, CeO2), mica-based glass–ceramics, and leucite-based glass–ceramics. The present study employs a new direction of research in the preparation of modified lithium silicate glasses containing varying dopant percents of ZrO2 to produce the parent glasses using nano-silica as an essential chemical component in comparison with silica. The ZrO2-doped glass–ceramic reveals the crystalline phase of lithium aluminosilicate (Li5AlSi2O8) due to the effect of ZrO2. The modified lithium silicate glasses doped with ZrO2 prepared from nano silica indicate their high mechanical properties and can be primarily recommended for dental applications.
Encapsulating Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Chitosan Nanoparticles Influenced Multiple Genes Controlling Oncostatic Signaling Pathways in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Shabana Sameh M. , Neamatallah Mustafa , Said Muhamad M. A. , Othman Azza I. , Ammar Omar A. , Amer Maher A. , El-Missiry Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe primary polyphenol in green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is the primary active polyphenol in green tea that showed a remarkable anticancer effect in a variety of cancer types including liver cancer. However, its anticancer impact on gene expressions related to liver cancer proliferation and apoptosis is limited. The current study investigated the oncostatic influence of chitosan encapsulating EGCG (Chit-nanoEGCG) on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells compared with its native form and the conventional anticancer drug cisplatin in vitro. The Chit-nanoEGCG caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and significantly induced apoptosis compared with control. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the results of RT-qPCR, displaying a significant increase in the expression of transcriptomes (P53, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and PARP) with a significant decrease in the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene. Also, there was a significant decrease in transcription genes (OCT4 and SOX2) and receptor genes (CD133, NOTCH1, c-MET, and Ezrin) but an increase in CD95 expression. Furthermore, there was a highly significant decrease in oncogenes (mTOR, PI3K, RALA, and BMI) in HepG2 cells after Chit-nanoEGCG treatment when compared with the control group. The current findings indicate that Chit-nanoEGCG had a significant impact on a number of genes involved in controlling signaling pathways to inhibit the proliferation and development of HepG2 cells. In addition, encapsulating EGCG in chitosan nanoparticles increases its antitumor effectiveness compared to its native form, which encourages the use of various polyphenols in nanochemotherapy for cancer treatment. The finding that the nanoparticles (NPs) influenced the expression of genes involved in apoptosis and proliferation enables the development of medical chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Graphical Abstract
Poststroke Care Pathways and Spasticity Treatment: A Retrospective Study in Alberta
Authors: Satkunam Lalith , Dukelow Sean P. , Yu Jaime , McNeil Stephen , Luu Huong , Martins Karen J.B. , Vu Khanh , Nguyen Phuong Uyen , Richer Lawrence , Williamson Tyler , Klarenbach Scott W. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Limited evidence exists regarding care pathways for stroke survivors who do and do not receive poststroke spasticity (PSS) treatment.Methods:Administrative data was used to identify adults who experienced a stroke and sought acute care between 2012 and 2017 in Alberta, Canada. Pathways of stroke care within the health care system were determined among those who initiated PSS treatment (PSS treatment group: outpatient pharmacy dispensation of an anti-spastic medication, focal chemo-denervation injection, or a spasticity tertiary clinic visit) and those who did not (non-PSS treatment group). Time from the stroke event until spasticity treatment initiation, and setting where treatment was initiated were reported. Descriptive statistics were performed.Results:Health care settings within the pathways of stroke care that the PSS (n = 1,079) and non-PSS (n = 22,922) treatment groups encountered were the emergency department (86 and 84%), acute inpatient care (80 and 69%), inpatient rehabilitation (40 and 12%), and long-term care (19 and 13%), respectively. PSS treatment was initiated a median of 291 (interquartile range 625) days after the stroke event, and most often in the community when patients were residing at home (45%), followed by “other” settings (22%), inpatient rehabilitation (18%), long-term care (11%), and acute inpatient care (4%).Conclusions:To our knowledge, this is the first population based cohort study describing pathways of care among adults with stroke who subsequently did or did not initiate spasticity treatment. Areas for improvement in care may include strategies for earlier identification and treatment of PSS.
State-society relations and government technology: a survey of public awareness and communication in Hong Kong
Authors: Hartley Kris 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A survey of Hong Kong residents finds that public support for government technology, as understood through the concept of smart cities, is associated with concept-awareness and official communications. The statistical analysis identifies moderating effects attributable to personal social media use and controls for personal ideological views about scope of government intervention and perceived political legitimacy of smart city policies. The study builds on a growing body of empirical scholarship about public support for government technology, while also addressing a practical trend in urban governance: the growing sophistication of technologies like artificial intelligence and their use in strengthening government capacities. The Hong Kong case exemplifies ambitious investments in technology by governments and, at the time of the survey, relatively high freedom of political expression. The study’s findings help refine theories about state-society relations in the rapidly evolving context of technology for public sector use.
The challenge of youth unemployment in Nigeria
Authors: Virk Amrit , Nelson Ediomo-Ubong , Dele-Adedeji Ini 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNigeria is home to a significant and growing “youth” population, over a third of it below 24 years of age. The demographic potential for productivity and growth this group represents occurs alongside large-scale unemployment among young people of working age. The “unemployment crisis” has deep historical roots and exists within a wider context of poor governance, insecurity, conflict, and poverty. Policy norms and practices to address youth unemployment in Nigeria largely centre on skill development and job creation, with complementary schemes selectively targeted to specific groups of vulnerable and poor individuals. Measures are typically ad hoc, detached from a coherent programme of sustainable reform. Pre-existing structural factors and capacity constraints also shape the effectiveness of these programmes. While a productivist focus within current policy is potentially empowering in giving young Nigerians “worker” status, it also detracts from attending to deep-rooted structural problems seen to affect young people in disproportionate ways. Securing meaningful choices and lives for Nigerian youth requires reframing youth unemployment beyond labour markets alone, and embedded in ideas of equality and collective action.
Triangular matrix categories over quasi-hereditary categories
Authors: Ochoa De La Cruz Rafael Francisco , Ortíz Morales Martin , Santiago Vargas Valente 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that the lower triangular matrix category
$\Lambda =\left [ \begin{smallmatrix} \mathcal{T}&0\\ M&\mathcal{U} \end{smallmatrix} \right ]$
, where
$\mathcal{T}$
and
$\mathcal{U}$
are
$\textrm{Hom}$
-finite, Krull–Schmidt
$K$
-quasi-hereditary categories and
$M$
is an
$\mathcal{U}\otimes _K \mathcal{T}^{op}$
-module that satisfies suitable conditions, is quasi-hereditary. This result generalizes the work of B. Zhu in his study on triangular matrix algebras over quasi-hereditary algebras. Moreover, we obtain a characterization of the category of the
$_\Lambda \Delta$
-filtered
$\Lambda$
-modules.
With or without the European Union: the convention for the protection of the Black Sea against pollution
Authors: Bayramoglu Basak , Haita-Falah Corina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Black Sea is an enclosed sea surrounded by six coastal countries, of which Bulgaria and Romania are EU Member States. The Convention for the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution was ratified in 1994 by all coastal countries. This Convention is the only European regional sea convention to which the EU is not a Party. While Romania and Bulgaria are in favor of EU accession to the Convention, Turkey, Russia and Ukraine thus far have blocked accession. In this paper, we develop a negotiation model with endogenous enforcement and exogenous fraud to analyze the different positions of groups of coastal countries relative to EU accession to the Convention. Our model contributes to defining a proposal that the EU could make to the opposing states such that they accept the EU as a Party to the Convention. In that context we investigate also whether Romania and Bulgaria might be better off delegating their decision power to the EU, rather than retaining their individual voting rights.
Human Genetics Society of Australasia Position Statement: Predictive and Presymptomatic Genetic Testing in Adults and Children
Authors: Vears Danya F. , McLean Alison , La Spina Chloe , McInerney-Leo Aideen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis Position Statement provides guidelines for health professionals who work with individuals and families seeking predictive genetic testing and laboratory staff conducting the tests. It presents the major practical, psychosocial and ethical considerations associated with presymptomatic and predictive genetic testing in adults who have the capacity to make a decision, children and young people who lack capacity, and adults living with reduced or fluctuating cognitive capacity.Predictive Testing Recommendations: (1) Predictive testing in adults, young people and children should only be offered with pretest genetic counseling, and the option of post-test genetic counseling. (2) An individual considering whether to have a predictive test should be supported to make an autonomous and informed decision. Regarding Children and Young People: (1) Predictive testing should only be offered to children and young people for conditions where there is likely to be a direct medical benefit to them through surveillance, use of prevention strategies, or other medical interventions in the immediate future. (2) Where symptoms are likely to develop in childhood, in the absence of direct medical benefit from this knowledge, genetic health professionals and parents/guardians should discuss whether undertaking predictive testing is the best course of action for the child and the family as a whole. (3) Where symptoms are likely to develop in adulthood, the default position should be to postpone predictive testing until the young person achieves the capacity to make an autonomous and informed decision. This is applicable regardless of whether there is some action that can be taken in adulthood.
Observations of Energy Conversion Caused by Magnetic Reconnection at a Dipolarization Front
Authors: Jiang K. , Huang S. Y. , Yuan Z. G. , Xiong Q. Y. , Xu S. B. , Lin R. T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDipolarization fronts (DFs) are widely believed to host energy conversion processes. However, which mechanism is responsible for the energy conversion is still obscure. Using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, a current sheet is observed at a DF. This current sheet is caused by interchange instability bending the edge of the DF. Inside the current sheet, Hall electromagnetic field, super Alfvénic electron jets, demagnetization of ions and electrons, strong energy conversion, and steady ion flow and temperature are observed, indicating an electron‐only reconnection at the DF. The duskward plasma flow, which may be deflected by the DF, compresses the bent edges of the DF. As a result, the width of the current sheet between two adjacent bent edges of the DF reduces, and then reconnection begins. Our observations give direct evidence that magnetic reconnection results in energy conversion at a DF.