bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INITIAL EXPERIENCE WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL PACING
Authors: DAVIS M. J. E. , MEWS G. C. , COPE G. D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Fifty patients, aged 23 to 88 years, with permanent rate‐responsive dual chamber pacemakers were studied prospectively for 14.1 ± 11.4 (S.D.) months after implantation to assess the benefits and complications associated with this technique. In 12 patients the device replaced a ventricular demand pacemaker. Minor complications associated with implantation occurred in one case. Atrial leads required repositioning because of increase in threshold and/or problems of sensing in five cases and ventricular leads in five. There were two patients with symptomatic pacemaker‐related arrhythmias necessitating reprogramming; one patient with pacemaker‐mediated tachycardia and one with pacemaker autoinhibition. Seven patients have died; one suddenly and possibly related to a pacemaker‐triggered arrhythmia. Of 43 living patients, five are now programmed to the ventricular demand mode; two with atrial fibrillation, one with failed atrial lead repositioning, one with persistent sinus tachycardia, and one because of angina pectoris. Thirty‐six of the 43 living patients are asymptomatic and a further six are symptomatically improved. All 12 patients changed from ventricular demand pacing have less symptoms. Rate‐responsive dual chamber pacing is safe and appears to improve symptoms in most cases. Complications are infrequent and usually easily overcome. This mode of pacing should be considered in all patients with normal sinoatrial function in whom a permanent pacemaker is indicated.
THE USE OF FIBREOPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY WITH STERILE CATHETER IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA
Authors: GLANVILLE A. R. , MARLIN G. E. , HARTNETT B. J. S. , YAP J. M. , BRADBURY R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The use of fibreoptic bronchoscopy with sterile catheter sampling of pulmonary secretions was evaluated in 70 patients with a provisional diagnosis of pneumonia. In 37 patients quantitative analysis of the sterile catheter isolates was performed (colony forming units (CFU) per ml). Potential bacterial pathogens were isolated in 37 patients and in the quantitative analysis, 14 of 22 isolates were grown in counts ≤ 103 CFU/ml. Sterile catheter increased the bacterial isolation rate as in only 19 patients blood (2) or sputum (18) cultures yielded the same organisms. Sputum cultures showed a 25% false‐positive rate in patients with no growth from sterile catheter. Quantitative analysis did not yield any further information in patients receiving antibiotics. Atypical or fungal pneumonia was diagnosed in 22 patients, while ten patients had other pathology simulating pneumonia. Sterile catheter sampling of pulmonary secretions at fibreoptic bronchoscopy proved to be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. (Aust NZ J Med 1985; 15: 309–319.)
NORMAL METABOLISM OF DEBRISOQUINE AND THEOPHYLLINE IN A SLOW TOLBUTAMIDE METABOLISER
Authors: MINERS J. O. , WING L. M. H. , BIRKETT D. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The metabolism of debrisoquine and theophylline has been studied in a healthy male who was identified as a slow hydroxylator of tolbutamide. Tolbutamide clearance in this subject was threefold lower than the lowest tolbutamide clearance observed in other healthy males and the drug's half‐life was approximately three‐fold longer. Despite this, his ability to 4‐hydroxylate debrisoquine and both N‐demethylate and 8‐hydroxylate theophylline was normal. Along with previously published information the data from this subject suggest that tolbutamide hydroxylation, debrisoquine hydroxylation, theophylline N‐demethylation, and theophylline 8‐hydroxylation involve four distinct isozymes of cytochrome P‐450. Furthermore, this report illustrates the difficulties of using the metabolic clearance of a model drug to predict the ability of an individual to clear a range of metabolised drugs. (Aust NZ J Med 1985; 15: 348–349.)
RAPID DOPPLER SCREENING TEST FOR INTERNAL CAROTID DISEASE
Authors: Seneviratne B.I.B. , Hughes A. , Jayasinghe L. S. , Hewson D. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:There is increasing evidence that only hemodynamically significant internal carotid lesions (of more than 50% diameter stenosis or occlusion) rather than minor lesions are the precursors of stroke. A Doppler test combining periorbital and direct audible interpretation of internal carotid Doppler signals was performed on 67 patients (134 internal carotids) and the results were compared with those from conventional biplane angiography. The test was 100% sensitive and had a positive predictive value of 91% for hemodynamically significant lesions. Negative predictive value for normal or less than 50% stenosis was 100%. Carotid bifurcation bruits were heard over only 25% of internal carotids with significant stenosis and nearly 60% of bruits were heard over internal carotids with minor disease. The equipment was portable and relatively inexpensive. The test could be performed by vascular technicians in less than 12 minutes with minimal patient discomfort, thus meeting most of the criteria for an ideal non‐invasive screening test. (Aust NZ J Med 1986; 16: 481–485.)
LUNG FUNCTION AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH AFTER PROPRANOLOL IN THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Wang Y. T. , Poh S. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThirty‐five thyrotoxic patients were assessed before treatment, after treatment with propranolol, and after antithyroid drugs. The first group of patients (n= 17) performed the following tests at all three assessment points: forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV,), vital capacity (VC), functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), total lung capacity (TLC), maximal mid‐expiratory flow rate (MMFR), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and maximum static inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures (Plmax and PEmax). Arterial blood gas analysis was also performed for the first group of patients. No significant changes were seen either after propranolol or after antithyroid drugs in the FRC, RV, TLC, MMFR, DLCO, or blood gases. The remaining 18 patients, group 2, performed only the FEV1, VC, Plmax, and PEmax tests at each assessment. The only index of respiratory function that improved significantly after propranolol was Plmax (from 46.5 ± 16.5 to 53.2 ± 22 cmH2O, p < 0.01). This suggests that adrenergic excess may play a role in thyrotoxic inspiratory muscle weakness. After antithyroid drugs, Plmax, PEmax, FEV1, and VC all increased significantly as expected. (Aust NZ J Med 1986; 16: 496–500.)
HYPERCALCEMIA DURING RESOLUTION OF ACUTE RENAL FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH RHABDOMYOLYSIS: EVIDENCE FOR SUPPRESSION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE AND CALCITRIOL
Authors: Prince R. L. , Hutchison B. G. , Bhagat C. I. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHypercalcemia during the recovery phase of renal function is a relatively common complication of rhabdomyolysis‐associated acute renal failure. The cause is unclear but it has been suggested recently that both hyperparathyroidism and high levels of calcitriol are implicated. We present evidence which does not support these hypotheses. (Aust NZ J Med 1986; 16: 506–508.)
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NON‐STEROIDAL ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY DRUGS AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVES AND DIURETICS
Authors: Davis A. , Day R. O. , Begg E. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase blood pressure and antagonise the effects of antihypertensive agents, they can cause salt and water retention and an increase in extracellular volume. NSAIDs also cause a decrease in prostaglandin synthesis in blood vessel walls which removes a direct vasodilatory influence and also increases the vascular response to vasoconstrictor stimuli. The hypotensive effects of frusemide and captopril are due in part to their stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis. Hence the antagonism of the hypotensive effect of these agents is probably due to NSAID‐induced inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. However, the interactions of NSAIDs with the other antihypertensive agents may not be related to inhibition of antihypertensive‐induced release of prostaglandin but to independent and opposing actions of the NSAIDs on the various physiological mechanisms which regulate blood pressure. Clinicians should remain alert to these potential drug interactions. (Aust NZ J Med 1986; 16: 537–546.)
ASYMPTOMATIC CEREBELLAR VENOUS ANGIOMA
Authors: HANKEY G. J. , GUBBAY S. S. , CHAKERA T. M. H. , KHANGURE M. S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract In contrast to the scarcity of recorded cases of radiologically studied venous angiomas, venous angiomas are the most common of the four basic types of congenital intracranial vascular malformations encountered incidentally at autopsy. Their clinical significance remains unclear. When symptomatic, they are associated mainly with hemorrhage or mechanical pressure on cranial nerves by anomalously enlarged veins, however, it is, as yet, impossible to predict what course an asymptomatic cerebellar venous angioma will take. The risks of surgery appear to exceed those of the natural history of the disorder.The following two cases of asymptomatic cerebellar venous angioma are recorded because of the rarity of the condition's diagnosis and the possibility of controversy in its conservative management.
CHEMOTHERAPY FOR SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER: INPUCTION AND REINDUCTION WITH VOCA
Authors: STUART‐HARRIS R. , RAGHAVAN D. , FOX R. H. , PERETZ G. , CROMBIE C. , TERIANA N. , YOUNG I. , BYE P. , TIVER K. , GREEN D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Sixty‐five patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with VP16, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin (VOCA) intravenously at three‐week intervals. Patients with limited disease received four cycles with responders receiving radiation to the primary site and prophylactic cranial irradiation. Patients with extensive disease received chemotherapy only. Of 59 patients evaluable for chemotherapy response, eight (14%) achieved complete remission and 30 (51%) partial remission. Major side‐effects included myelosuppression, alopecia, nausea, and vomiting. Reinduction with VOCA at relapse yielded objective or subjective response in four of seven patients.This regimen is active in small cell lung cancer and was well tolerated by patients. Reinduction of resDonse was Dossible in a small number of Datients retreated and mav provide useful palhation for those who relapse when treatment is discontinued.
DOES COLCHICINE WORK? THE RESULTS OF THE FIRST CONTROLLED STUDY IN ACUTE GOUT
Authors: AHERN M. J. , REID C. , GORDON T. P. , McCREDlE M. , BROOKS P. M. , JONES M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract We have performed the first controlled study of colchicine in acute gout, to determine its efficacy and toxicity, and to define the natural history of acute gout.Two‐thirds of colchicine‐treated patients improved after 48 hours, but only one‐third of the patients receiving placebo demonstrated similar improvement. The colchicine‐treated patients responded earlier; significant differences from placebo were shown after 18–30 hours.All patients given colchicine developed diarrhea after a median time of 24 hours (mean dose of colchicine 6.7 mg). This side effect occurred before relief of pain in most patients.
ENPROSTIL AND RANITIDINE: COMPARATIVE EFFICACY AND SAFETY IN PATIENTS WITH DUODENAL ULCER
Authors: MACKINNON M. , ALP M. , AUSTAD W. I. , BYRNES D. , COWEN A. , DUGGAN J. , PIROLA R. , THOMAS M. , WARD M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract This randomised, double‐blind, double‐dummy, multiclinic study of duodenal ulcer healing compared the efficacy and safety of enprostil with ranitidine. The six week trial admitted 164 patients with endoscopically demonstrated duodenal ulcer. Ratings of symptoms and adverse events were collated from patients' daily diaries, and endoscopy was repeated to verify healing after four weeks and, if appropriate, after six weeks. Medication used was enprostil (35 μg capsule) or ranitidine hydrochloride (150 mg tablet) with matching placebos twice daily. After six weeks, 81 % of patients treated with enprostil and 95% of those treated with ranitidine had healed ulcers, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.007). There were no differences between treatment groups for the number of days until the daytime ulcer pain completely ceased. Night‐time ulcer pain ceased significantly earlier in the group receiving ranitidine (p = 0.019) and was less severe during the week before the last visit (p = 0.001); daytime pain for ranitidine users was also less severe (p = 0.020) during this week. Mild to moderate adverse experiences were reported by 44% of enprostil and 35% of ranitidine patients. There were no severe adverse events.In conclusion, both enprostil and ranitidine were found to be safe and effective in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. However, the ranitidine regimen used in this trial produced better results than the enprostil regimen.
IMPROVED TREATMENT RESULTS FOR LYMPHOBLASTIC LYMPHOMA IN ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS USING A DOXORUBICIN‐BASED (APO) PROTOCOL
Authors: BRADSTOCK K. F. , KOUTTS J. , STANTON A. , LEE C. H. , ROBERTSON T. I. , CASTALDI P. , KAMATH S. , CARTER J. , GREENBERG M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA multi‐drug chemotherapy (APO) protocol incorporating doxorubicin was used to treat 12 patients (median age 19 years) with lymphoblastic lymphoma. The APO protocol consisted of intensive induction and consolidation phases, prophylactic CNS treatment, and 24 months of maintenance therapy. Eleven patients had an anterior mediastinal mass, while T cell markers were found on the lymphoma cells in eight of the nine cases tested. Two patients had initial CNS involvement, with one also having bone marrow replacement. Complete remission was obtained in all patients, with no deaths due to treatment toxicity. There have been four relapses, one in the patient with initial CNS and leukemic disease, two in abdominal sites, and in the mediastinum in one patient. With a median follow‐up time of 30 months from diagnosis, 67% of patients remain alive in first remission. These results indicate that the APO protocol provides a highly effective approach to the management of this high grade lymphoma in adolescents and adults.
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN PATIENTS WITH ABDOMINAL PAIN SYNDROMES
Authors: ROBERTS‐THOMSON I. C. , KNIGHT R. E. , KENNAWAY D. J. , PANNALL P. R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Circadian rhythms for Cortisol, 6‐sulphatoxy melatonin and core body temperature were compared in control subjects and patients with functional abdominal pain. There were 20 patients with biliary pain after cholecystectomy, ten with biliary pain without cholecystectomy and 14 with irritable bowel syndrome. Rhythms were determined by urine collections at intervals of 4 h for 48 h and by overnight monitoring of core body temperature using the Vitalog system. Data were fitted to a sine curve to yield the time of maximal urinary excretion/lowest temperature and the amplitude of each rhythm. Urinary excretion of free Cortisol was similar in patients and control subjects. For urinary 6‐sulphatoxy melatonin, the timing (phase) of rhythms was similar in patients and controls but those with pain had a lower urinary excretion of 6‐sulphatoxy melatonin (p<0.05) and a rhythm of lower amplitude (p<0.02). The amplitude of the temperature rhythm was also lower in patients with biliary pain with and without prior cholecystectomy (p<0.05). Functional abdominal pain is associated with 6‐sulphatoxy melatonin and temperature rhythms of low amplitude, presumably because of suppression of circadian oscillators.
EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN PREVIOUSLY SEDENTARY WOMEN: A FIVE‐YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY
Authors: SEDGWICK A. W. , DAVIDSOND A. H. , TAPLIN R. E. , THOMAS D.W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Fitness, weight, blood‐pressure, and lipids were measured in 290 women joining a fitness programme. Five years later, 110 (38%) had remained active, and the others had become sedentary again. The net effect of being active was to increase fitness by 18% and to reduce weight by 1.9 kg, diastolic blood pressure by 3 mmHg, and triglycerides by 0.15 mmol/L‐1. After controlling for age, weight and fitness, physical activity accounted for 1 % and 3% of the variance of changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively, and was not associated with changes in lipids. Change in fitness accounted for only 1% of change in diastolic blood pressure. More 'active women gave up smoking than ‘inactive’ (70%versus 10%). Hypertensive women were more sensitive to changes in weight and fitness than normotensive women. It was concluded that physical activity and change in fitness were only weakly related to changes in blood pressure and were unrelated to changes in lipids. (Aust NZ J Med 1988; 18: 600–605)
DYSTONIA AND INTRACEREBRAL CALCIFICATION: PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM PRESENTING IN AN ELEVEN‐YEAR‐OLD GIRL
Authors: SIEJKA S. J. , KNEZEVIC W. V. , PULLAN P. T. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Pseudohypoparathyroidism is an uncommon cause of movement disorders. We describe the case of an otherwise well 11‐year‐old girl, who presented with dystonia and was subsequently shown to have the classical metabolic abnormalities of pseudohypoparathyroidism. Cranial computerised tomographic scanning (CT scanning) showed intracerebral calcification of the basal ganglia and frontal lobes. (Aust NZ J Med 1988; 18: 607–609)
THE P300 EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL COMPONENT IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA
Authors: SARA G. , KRAIUHIN C. , GORDON E. , LANDAU P. , JAMES L. , HOWSON A. , MEARES R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that delays in the latency of the P300 ERP component are highly sensitive and specific to dementia and that ERP measurements may become a useful clinical tool in aiding diagnosis. This study examines the sensitivity of P300 measurements to dementia and addresses several methodological issues that limit previous research. Twenty‐four patients with dementia diagnosed according to ICD‐10 criteria were compared with 100 normal controls, 31 of whom were older than 60. An auditory oddball paradigm was employed to elicit the P300. Mean P300 latency did not differ significantly between the two groups. When individual subjects were examined only 13% of patients with dementia fell outside the two standard error band of the regression of P300 latency on age derived from controls. Thus, this study has not demonstrated clinically useful abnormalities of the P300 component in dementia.
HERPES SIMPLEX AND DUODENAL ULCER PATHOLOGY
Authors: WEGMAN E. A. , CROUCH R. L. , BOLIN T. D. , DAVIS A. E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn association between Herpes simplex Virus 1 (HSV‐1) and duodenal ulcer disease has been suggested. Duodenal ulcers, like HSV‐1 lesions, exhibit periodicity in recurrence. Several of the presently available anti‐ulcer agents may have an antiviral action. Antibody titres in some studies have shown selective increases to HSV‐1 in duodenal ulcer patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether a real association exists between HSV‐1 and endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer or duodenal erosive disease. In a prospective study, 27 patients with either duodenal ulcer (16) or duodenal erosions (11) were studied in order to attempt isolation of HSV‐1. Acute and convalescent sera were also taken and examined by an enzyme linked‐immunoabsorbent assay system for antibody titres to HSV‐1. Duodenal biopsies from a further 26 patients with duodenal ulcer or erosive disease were also examined retrospectively for HSV‐1 by the immunoperoxidase technique.In no case of either duodenal ulcer or duodenal erosive disease was HSV‐1 isolated by any of the above methods, nor was a relationship demonstrated by acute or convalescent HSV‐1 antibody titres. Hence, this study does not support an association between HSV‐1 and duodenal ulcer or erosive disease.
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: BUCHBINDER R. , HALL S. , LITTLEJOHN G. O. , RYAN P. F. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractForty‐six episodes of major neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus occurring in 35 patients over a ten‐year period were reviewed. The frequency of central nervous system SLF was lower than that reported from overseas referral centres. Glucocorticosteroid treatment did not precipitate psychiatric problems in this group. Whilst neuropsychiatric recovery was the rule, such features indicated a subgroup of SLE with high short‐term mortality.
THE ROLE OF PERCUTANEOUS LUNG ASPIRATION IN THE BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA IN ADULTS
Authors: BARNES D. J. , NARAQI S. , IGO J. D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn a prospective study of 175 adults with acute pneumonia, percutaneous lung aspiration (PLA) was performed in 144 in an attempt to obtain a bacteriological diagnosis. Positive cultures were obtained from PLA in 90/144 cases (62.5%). The most common organisms isolated were Streptococcus pneumoniae (60%) gram‐negative bacilli including Hemophilus influenzae (26%) and Staphylococcus aureus (11%). In 39% of those patients with positive PLA cultures, the same organism was isolated on blood cultures. Complications of PLA were uncommon, with hemoptysis in 4% and chest wall hematoma in 0.7% of patients. The incidence of post‐aspirate pneumothorax was not determined in this study. PLA was found to be a safe and effective method of obtaining a bacteriological diagnosis in adult patients with pneumonia.
DIABETIC AMYOTROPHY: REASSESSMENT OF THE CLINICAL SPECTRUM
Authors: LEEDMAN P. J. , DAVIS S. , HARRISON L. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDiabetic amyotrophy is a syndrome whose recognition may be difficult or delayed. We reviewed thirteen patients with this disorder, all of whom had significant proximal lower limb wasting and weakness as the predominant feature and eleven of whom had pain in the affected limbs. Significant weight loss was common. In nine patients the deficits were largely or totally reversible. Important variations from the classical features were observed. Only five patients displayed asymmetric proximal lower limb wasting, weakness and pain, motor deficits in the remainder being either unilateral or bilateral and symmetrical. The shoulder girdle and arms were also involved in two patients. Proximal limb pain was not invariable, a distal sensory peripheral neuropathy was common, and diabetic control at diagnosis was likely to be good. No prognostic factors were identified. Thus, not all patients with diabetic amyotrophy exhibit the classically‐described features. Other than careful clinical examination, a thorough bilateral electromyographic and nerve conduction study remains the most helpful diagnostic test. Appreciation of the clinical spectrum and context of diabetic amyotrophy should facilitate its differentiation from other disorders, including other forms of diabetic neuropathy.
INCIDENCE AND OUTCOME OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA, 1960 TO 1984
Authors: NANDAKUMAR A. , ENGLISH D. R. , DOUGAN L. E. , ARMSTRONG B. K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAll patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma in Western Australia have been registered since 1960; 337 men and 280 women were registered in the period 1960–84. During this period there was a 25% increase in incidence. Age adjusted incidence rates rose from 2.34 per 100 000 person years in men and 1.64 in women during the decade 1960–69 to 2.95 in men and 1.92 in women in 1980–84. Overall, the incidence was 1.36 times higher in men than in women (95% confidence interval 1.16–1.59).Survival from multiple myeloma improved substantially during the period. In 1960–69, median survival for both sexes was six months, in 1970–79 it was 19 months, and in 1980–84 median survival in men was 43 months while in women it was at least five years.