bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low frequency jet ventilation for tracheal resection
Authors: Scamman Franklin L. , Choi Won W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLow frequency jet ventilation was used successfully for maintaining normal ventilation during tracheal resection for stenosis. Following resection of the stenosis around the endotrocheal tube, the tube was withdrawn and the proximal end of a sterile double lumen nasogastric tube with the distal end removed passed over the ether screen. The larger lumen was connected to a Saunders jet apparatus and the smaller to a CO2 analyzer. With the distal end held in the lumen of the distal tracheal stump, jet ventilation was initiated at a rate of 20/min at a pressure sufficient to obtain adequate chest rise and fall. Adequate CO2 removal was verified by monitoring the expired level and blood gases. We obtained normal arterial and end tidal gas tensions by this method which allowed the surgeon complete freedom to anastomose the posterior and lateral tracheal walls.
Microscopic fluorescence in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Berg Lawrence F. , Harris David M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe use of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) as a photosensitizer has been studied in malignant tumor detection via fluorescence and in tumor destruction via a toxic photochemical reaction. Squamous cell carcinoma has been induced in hamster buccal mucosa utilizing the known carcinogen dimethyl‐benzanthracene. HPD was injected intraperitoneally, then at 24 and 48 hours following injection, unstained frozen section specimens were studied with fluorescent microscopy and photographed. The same specimens were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the microscopy correlated. HPD fluorescence was documented in the fibrous stroma of the tumor and the keratin layer. Essentially no fluorescence was noted in the malignant squamous cells themselves. No consistent differences between the two postinjection times were noted. These qualitative observations support the postulated mechanism of HPD accumulation in tumors.
Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas
Authors: Buchwach Kenneth A. , Mangum William B. , Hahn Frederick W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPatients with primary hyperparathyroidism have a parathyroid adenoma approximately 80% of the time. Preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas has been significantly improved by the utilization of high resolution (high frequency) real‐time ultrasound. This technique was accurate in 14 (78%) of the 18 cases in our series. There were four false negatives and no false positives. This imaging technique can routinely identify lesions less than 1 cm. High resolution real‐time ultrasound is fast, safe, and cost effective. It is an ideal screening test for the preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas.
Anterior cricoid split: The chicago experience with an alternative to tracheotomy
Authors: Holinger Lauren D. , Stankiewicz James A. , Livingston Gary L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwenty‐six infants and children underwent anterior cricoid split (ACS) in an attempt to avoid tracheotomy. Twenty (77%) were extubated successfully without tracheotomy; six (23%) failed and required tracheotomy. Our experience corroborates that reported in the literature. To date, 106 (77%) of 138 patients who have undergone ACS have been extubated successfully without tracheotomy. These results substantiate the validity of the operation when done for the proper indications. Substantive glottic and tracheal pathology indicate a high likelihood of failure of ACS.It is not clear precisely why the ACS is effective. Subglottic cysts are a factor in some cases. The histopathology of one such case is presented and the implications discussed.
Surgical considerations and hearing results with the ucsf/storz cochlear implant
Authors: Schindler Robert A. , Kessler Dorcas K. , Rebscher Stephen J. , Jackler Robert K. , Merzenich Michael M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSixteen patients have been implanted with the UCSF/Storz multichannel implant, 11 of whom have been fitted with their external speech processors and transmitters and administered postoperative audiological evaluations. Both the surgical procedures used and the hearing results for these patients are presented. The potential medical/surgical complications of implant surgery and the future direction of research and development within the UCSF/Storz implant program are discussed.
Reirradiation of recurrent head and neck cancers
Authors: Emami B. , Devineni V.R. , Hederman M.A. , Bignardi M. , Spector G. J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNinety‐nine patients with recurrent cancers of the head and neck region were treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or combination therapy. The follow‐up period ranged from 18 months to 18 years. An initial overall complete response rate of 67% and a partial response rate of 7% (overall response rate –‐ 74%) were achieved. The eventual tumor control rate was 15%. Although equal initial response rates were achieved in recurrences at the primary site and the cervical nodes, the eventual local control was better for the former (21% vs. 10%). Patients receiving less than 5,000 rad had radiotherapy had a 44% complete response and an 11% eventual tumor control. Patients receiving over 5,000 rad had an 80% complete response and a 25% eventual tumor control.
Prognostic factors in cervical lymph node metastasis in upper respiratory and digestive tract carcinomas: Study of 1,713 cases during a 15‐year period
Authors: Richard J. M. , Saravane D. , Cachin Y. , Sancho‐Garnier H. , Micheau C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA prospective study of 1,713 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck submitted to neck dissection between 1957 and 1973 is presented.We confirm the prognostic significance of the histological analysis of the nodal metastasis. Capsular rupture is the most important factor regardless of the primary site or tumor size. The presence of tumor emboli within lymphatics, the number of invaded nodes, and the number of nodes with capsular rupture are of significance though to a lesser extent. Classification of the clinical characteristics or the nodes provided, in 70% of the patients, a good prediction of histological involvement. In the clinical estimation of histological invasion, an important parameter is the size of the largest node detected, and we suggest this characteristic should be included in the TNM classification of UICC.
Benign and malignant neoplasms of the parotid gland: Incidence and histology in the danish county of funen
Authors: Poulsen Peter , Jøorgensen Karsten , Grøontved Aksel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe present series is comprised of 155 patients from the county of Funen who were operated on for tumors of the parotid gland during the 5‐year period, 1978 to 1982. Fifteen cases were malignant, 116 were benign, while no neoplasms were found in 24 cases. The incidence was calculated as 5.8 parotid neoplasms per year per 100,000 inhabitants. Computation of age standardized incidence rates adjusted to European and World Standard populations has been performed. It is stated that the county of Funen is a well‐defined area and the series can be regarded to be representative of a certain geographical area. The histological classification was carried out according to the rules of the World Health Organization (WHO) and revealed a remarkably high occurrence of Warthin's tumors, i.e., 27.5%.
Otolaryngologic cases of m¨︁nchausen's syndrome
Authors: Zohar Yuval , Avidan Gideon , Shvili Yitschak , Laurian Nelo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMünchausen syndrome (MS) is now a well recognized and demonstrated entity. This syndrome is characterized by patients who seek hospitalization and present factitious but usually well‐rehearsed histories and symptoms.Five cases of MS, genuine by their ear‐nose‐throat‐maxillofacial factitious signs, are presented. Two of the cases are related to the uncommon MS by proxy. In this subentity the parents fabricate pathological signs for their children. The psycho‐dynamics and the clinical symptoms of our cases are described and the differential diagnoses of malingering, conversion disorders, and hypochondriasis are brought to attention.
Results in resident cholesteatoma surgery: A review of 85 cases
Authors: Moss Richard , Lucente Frank E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA review of all patients with cholesteatoma operated on by the residents of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary under the attending supervision of the Otology Service between 1980 and 1984 was done. Of 130 resident cases, 85 had documented follow‐up 1 year or longer and were included in the study. Recurrence rates were 18% with canal wall down (CWD) and 43% with canal wall up (CWU) techniques. Considering other forms of failure (such as precholesteatoma, tympanic membrane perforation, and chronic infection), overall failure rates were 33% (CWD) compared with 82% (CWU). Cholesteatoma recurrence failure rates were higher in patients under the age of 20 (33%) than over the age of 20 (19%). Overall failure rates were 61% and 37% for younger and older patients, respectively. Due to the high failure rate with canal wall up techniques in resident hands, it is recommended that resident service cases be treated with canal wall down technique, especially in the younger age group.
Parathyroid carcinoma: Two new cases — diagnosis, therapy, and treatment
Authors: Mashburn Mark A. , Chonkich George D. , Petti George H. , Chase Donald R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCarcinoma of the parathyroid gland is a disease only rarely encountered in clinical practice. As most of these tumors retain the ability to manufacture active parathyroid hormone, most patients with the disease present with hypercalcemia, many times symptomatic. Since the tumor accounts for only 0.5% to 4.0% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma may be unsuspected and delayed. The clinical index of suspicion should be elevated if there is a palpable neck mass, an exceptionally high serum calcium level, and/or recurrence of hypercalcemia following surgery.We review two patients with parathyroid carcinoma who presented with hypercalcemia. In both, the diagnosis of malignancy was made only after microscopic examination of the operative specimen. Surgery consisted of wide local excision in both cases; radiation therapy was administered in one. Postoperative disease‐free status is now 23 and 37 months. One of the patients had a history of radiation therapy to the larynx 20 years prior to the development of parathyroid carcinoma. Also reviewed in this paper are the clinical and histopathologic criteria for making the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma and the therapeutic approaches and prognosis of this unusual tumor.
Morphological aspects of the vestibular nerve of the squirrel monkey
Authors: Honrubia Vicente , Kuruvilla Alexander , Mamikunian Dawn , Eichel James E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA morphological study of the vestibular nerve of a primate, the squirrel monkey, revealed a systematic organization of neurons according to fiber diameter. At the center of the cristae, thick fibers align in two parallel rows along the long axis; in the periphery of the cristae, thin fibers predominate. Within the superior vestibular nerve the thick fibers of the anterior and horizontal semicircular canals and utricle are situated in the anterosuperior area, the thin fibers in the posterior part. A similar segregation occurs with fibers of the posterior ampullary nerve and the saccule within the inferior vestibular nerve. The fibers continue to segregate at the root entry zone where they lose their Schwann's cell ensheathing and begin to divide into secondary central branches. There is a correspondence between the volume of the ganglion cell and the fiber diameter; hence, a segregation of ganglion cells according to their size also takes place in the vestibular nerve. The organization of the primate's vestibular nerve is similar to that found earlier in an anuran. The relevance of the phylogenetic preservation of the vestibular nerve's anatomical organization is discussed in terms of current physiological findings, which support the differential role of fibers of different diameters in vestibular function.
Major complications following tracheoesophageal puncture for voice rehabilitation
Authors: Andrews James C. , Mickel Robert A. , Monahan Gail P. , Hanson David G. , Ward Paul H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe successful use of the tracheoesophageal voice prosthesis for speech rehabilitation of the total laryngectomy patient has lead to common application of this device. Although the creation of a tracheoesophageal fistula is a simple procedure, it is not without complications. A review of 104 patients who underwent this procedure indicated a complication rate of 25%. Complications were related primarily to the fistula and included migration and progressive enlargement of the puncture, persistent or recurring infection of the fistula site, aspiration pneumonia, and death. Other problems included aspiration of the prosthesis, vertebral osteomyelitis, and tracheal stomal and esophageal stenosis. Many of these patients required hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics, and major surgical procedures to treat these complications. Guidelines for early identification and management of these problems as well as methods to prevent complications are discussed.
Vestibular reflex changes following aminoglycoside induced ototoxicity
Authors: Black F. Owen , Peterka Robert J. , Elardo Sandra M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe effects of aminoglycoside‐induced changes on the vestibular system were evaluated in three subjects who suffered significant damage over the course of treatment. Measurements of vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) function were made using sinusoidal and pseudorandom rotational stimuli between 0 to 5 days after initiation of drug therapy, during drug therapy, and up to 579 days following drug administration.All subjects tested at baseline evaluations had normal VOR function. During aminoglycoside therapy there was a precipitous drop in both the VOR time and gain constants. The decline in VOR function was larger at lower stimulus frequencies compared to high frequencies, resulting in a relative preservation of function in the high frequencies. Over a period of about a year, VOR high frequency gains recovered to within normal limits. However, the VOR time constants showed only a modest recovery and remained well below the normal range.
Necrotizing external otitis in children: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Sobie Steven , Brodsky Linda , Stanievich John F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNecrotizing external otitis is described almost exclusively in elderly diabetics. A review of the literature revealed 12 children, ages 2 months to 21 years, who have been described with this problem. Two additional patients are reported here.In children the male:female ratio is 1:1, whereas in adults a 2:1 male preponderance is seen. Diabetes mellitus, present in 94.7% of adults, is seen in only 21% of children. Facial nerve paralysis occurs in 35% of the children as compared to 52% of the adults. Facial paralysis was permanent in 100% of the children, but only 36.3% of the surviving adults had permanent facial paralysis. Surgical intervention had no significant effect on either group. Other pediatric complications include external auditory canal stenosis (29%), auricular cartilage deformity (11%), and sensorineural hearing loss (18%). A 40% to 50% mortality rate is seen in adults whereas no deaths have been reported in children.The clinical presentation of necrotizing external otitis in children shares some features with the disease as described in adults. However, notable differences do exist and form the basis of this report. The proposed pathophysiology of necrotizing external otitis in adults and its significance for disease in children are also discussed.
Transtracheal/transesophageal stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Authors: Sanders Ira , Kraus Warren M. , Aviv Jonathan E. , Racenstein Michael , Biller Hugh F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new technique is described which allows stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) through intact tracheal and esophageal mucosa. In ten anesthetized dogs, the posterior‐lateral tracheal wall and the anterior‐lateral esophageal wall were stimulated by a 1 to 2 mA current with a probe placed just distal to the edge of the cricoid cartilage. The tracheal mucosa was approached through a tracheostomy stoma and the esophageal mucosa through the mouth. The resultant vocal cord motion was frequency dependent, with graded abduction occurring below 30 Hz and adduction above 40 Hz. By stimulating the posterior laryngeal mucosa proximal to the cricoid edge, the RLN branch to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle was activated, causing ipsilateral vocal cord abduction independent of frequency. Monitoring of cardiopulmonary parameters demonstrated no alterations at these amperages. There were no mucosal abrasions noted. The transtracheal and transesophageal approaches to RLN stimulation appear promising as diagnostic techniques for evaluating vocal cord function during laryngoscopy and, possibly, as methods of glottic airway control.
Meningioma in the paeotid region
Authors: Nichols Richard D. , Knighton Robert S. , Chason Jacob L. , Strong Douglas D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMeningiomas occurring ectopically in the neck are exceptional. We report two patients who presented as parotid and parapharyngeal masses and analyze them along with 27 previously reported cases.Typical patients present with parotid or parapharyngeal masses and cranial nerve palsies. Meningioma is not considered in differential diagnosis. The tumor is an extension of an unsuspected intracranial mass, occasionally with associated multiple meningiomas or other neurogenic tumors.Ectopic meningiomas should be considered inpatients with parotid and parapharyngeal masses, particularly those with cranial nerve deficits; jugular foramen syndrome is most characteristic. Associated occult intracranial and temporal bone tumors and the cranial form of neurofibromatosis should be suspected.Treatment of cervical meningiomas is excision. The most important aspect of intracranial‐extracranial lesions is recognition and treatment of the intracranial portion.
Facial nerve monitoring during acoustic neuroma removal
Authors: Benecke James E. , Calder H. B. , Chadwick Geraldine 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAs the surgeon's ability to perform total acoustic tumor removal without major neurologic deficit has reached a pinnacle, preservation of facial nerve function has assumed a higher priority. Satisfactory postoperative facial function depends upon an anatomically and physiologically intact facial nerve. Precise localization of the facial nerve is the first step toward preservation of function. Intraoperative facial nerve (FN) stimulation allows the surgeon to safely locate the facial nerve. Monitoring evoked electromyographic activity with an audio speaker provides direct, ongoing information regarding trauma to the nerve during dissection.Intraoperative FN monitoring was used in 18 consecutive translobyrinthine acoustic tumor removals. Seventeen patients had an excellent facial nerve result (Grade I or II using the House 6‐point scale). The authors conclude that intraoperative FN stimulation and monitoring during acoustic tumor removal is a safe and reliable method of locating and protecting the facial nerve during cerebellopontine angle surgery.
Speaking proficiency variations according to method of alaryngeal voicing
Authors: Williams Sarah E. , Watson Jennifer Barber 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwelve judges, with no previous exposure to laryngectomees, rated the speaking proficiencies of 33 laryngectomees divided into the following groups: 1. esophageal speakers (n=12); 2. electrolarynx speakers (n=11); and 3. tracheoesophageal puncture speakers (n=10). In addition, the speech of ten normal subjects was rated. Specific speaking parameters examined included voice quality, pitch, loudness, intelligibility, rate of speaking, visual presentation during speech, extraneous speaking noise, and overall communicative effectiveness. Multiple discriminant analyses performed on the ratings made by each judge revealed significant differences in ratings for various speaking parameters in the four subject groups. Results generally support the stance that tracheoesophageal speech is perceived as superior to communication with either an electrolarynx or with traditional esophageal speech, even though it is not viewed as comparable to normal voice.
Sublabial transseptal repair of choanal atresia or stenosis
Authors: Krespi Yosef P. , Husain Shaista , Levine Toni M. , Reede Deborah L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBilateral choanal atresia in newborns and infants carries significant morbidity and mortality, therefore, prompt correction is required. The transnasal route is usually preferred in the infant age group. This approach, however, carries significant incidence of restenosis. The transpalatal correction of choanal atresia has been the definitive approach in older children and adults. We are introducing a new procedure for correction of choanal atresia or stenosis that can be used at any age. The sublabial transseptal repair was performed in four infants without complications or restenosis. Two of our patients previously underwent different types of repair with persistent choanal stenosis. The sublabial transseptal approach provides wide exposure to the nasal cavity and the floor leading to the choanae. The operating microscope and various otologic micro‐instruments were used in the surgical dissection. Preservation of the anterior inferior cartilaginous septum and the maxillary crest and spine is mandatory in order not to disturb the nasal growth pattern of the nose and premaxilla. The infants were evaluated with a computed tomography (CT) scan, preoperatively. The posterior inferior portion of the vomer is uniformly wide, increasing the degree of stenosis or atresia. Removal of the vomer is an essential part of this procedure in order to open and enlarge the choanae. Both choanae were stented with polyvinyl tubes.Every attempt was made to keep the stents in position for a minimum of 8 to 10 weeks. Follow‐up has been for 2 to 4 years, and no recurrent choanal stenosis has been experienced.
A computerized data management system for head and neck oncology
Authors: Fletcher Margaret M. , Mcmanus Christopher D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMedical information, diagnostic technology, and modes of therapeutic intervention available for treatment of head and neck cancer have increased exponentially. The concurrent explosion of microcomputer technology has created an ideal instrument for organizing, storing, and reporting the expanded data the head and neck oncologist must now consider.This paper presents the principles, design, and operation of a recently developed head and neck oncological database program (HNODB). Details of implementation on a microcomputer are also described. A historical review of currently used prominent cancer registration programs is presented. It defines the fundamental elements of cancer registration.A review of cancer registration in the United States shows that current systems have serious deficiencies and have not kept pace with the evolution of diagnostics, treatments, and computer technologies. The HNODB database program, however, is a valuable model for cancer data management, for it can be applied to small or extensive data collection needs, and it provides an accurate system to identify risk factors, numbers of patients treated, and types of treatment given. The program allows for rapid analysis of treatment, results, follow‐up, and survival rates of patients with carcinoma of the head and neck.