bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EU and Brazil in the International Circuits of Disavowal of the Climate Crisis
Authors: Sandrin Paula 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyzes EU-Brazil relations and joint initiatives to tackle the climate crisis, particularly the optimism surrounding green hydrogen as a possible new source of “sustainable connectivity” between them, through the prism of the psychoanalytical concept of disavowal. The chapter makes a distinction between climate denial, when climate change is deliberately denied, and climate disavowal, when climate change is acknowledged, but ineffective responses to mitigate it keep being repeated, in spite of contrary evidence and recurring failures. It argues that mainstream responses to climate change, centered on the conference of the parties (COP), which include net-zero pledges, carbon markets, and natural or artificial carbon sinks, constitute an international circuit of disavowal, in which the EU and Brazil are also caught up. This chapter presents some of the “solutions” being advanced to tackle climate change, presents the ample and readily available evidence that they do not work fast enough or on a scale needed to keep global warming below 1.5 °C, and investigates some of the reasons why they keep being offered despite all the evidence. It proposes that while climate denialism is obviously very dangerous, climate disavowal, which is in operation in the international climate regime, and in EU-Brazil relations and initiatives, including cooperation on green hydrogen, is much more insidious and constitutes a relation of cruel optimism, i.e., “when something you desire is actually an obstacle to your flourishing” (Berlant, 2011, p. 1). It may not work to mitigate the climate crisis, but it works in other spheres: it allows capitalist accumulation to continue unabated; it presents new market niches, new investment opportunities, and new activities in which one can feel useful, productive, creative, and virtuous. There are many benefits, material, symbolic, and psychic, being distributed by this international circuit of disavowal, which explains its durability and expansion despite, or because of, all the evidence that shows that we are heading for catastrophe.
Mord und Totschlag – klinisch-rechtsmedizinische Untersuchungen von Tatverdächtigen in einem 20‑Jahres-Zeitraum
Authors: Kolbe V. , Zack F. , Büttner A. 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Forensisch-medizinische Untersuchungen von Lebenden gehören seit jeher zu den Aufgaben in der rechtsmedizinischen Praxis. Während Studien über Gewaltopfer bereits umfassend veröffentlicht wurden, sind systematische Untersuchungen zu tatverdächtigen Personen, insbesondere zu Verdächtigen in Fällen von Tötungsdelikten, bislang nur vereinzelt publiziert worden.

Fragestellung
Es sollte untersucht werden, in wie vielen Fällen Tatverdächtige eines vorsätzlichen Tötungsdeliktes rechtsmedizinisch untersucht worden sind, und ob sich an den Personen charakteristische Befunde feststellen lassen, die eine Rekonstruktion des Tatgeschehens unterstützen können.

Material und Methoden
Zwischen 2002 und 2022 wurden durch Mitarbeiter des Instituts für Rechtsmedizin der Universitätsmedizin Rostock 67 Personen rechtsmedizinisch untersucht, die zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt tatverdächtig waren, ein Tötungsdelikt begangen zu haben. Die im Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Universitätsmedizin Rostock zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen zu den Untersuchungen als auch den Delikten selbst wurden anhand zahlreicher Kriterien analysiert. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde dabei auf die Korrelation der verschiedenen Gewaltformen mit bestimmten Verletzungsmustern gelegt.

Ergebnisse
Die Tatverdächtigen waren in 91 % der Fälle männlich und vorwiegend im jüngeren Erwachsenenalter. Führend bei der Tatbegehung war die Anwendung von scharfer Gewalt, gefolgt von der kombinierten Anwendung scharfer und stumpfer Gewalt. Von den 48 Personen, die verdächtig waren, eine andere Person u. a. mittels scharfer Gewalt getötet zu haben, wiesen 20 Personen (41 %) Verletzungen auf, die auf das Hantieren mit einem scharfen Werkzeug zurückzuführen waren. Von den 30 Personen, die verdächtig waren, eine andere Person u. a. mittels stumpfer Gewalteinwirkung getötet zu haben, wiesen 23 Befunde (78 %) auf, die im Rahmen einer körperlichen Auseinandersetzung mit der getöteten Person entstanden sein können, wobei die festgestellten Verletzungen wesentlich uncharakteristischer waren. In weiteren 9 Fällen (13 %) konnten Verletzungen festgestellt werden, die als eine körperliche Gegenwehr durch das Opfer interpretiert wurden.

Schlussfolgerung
Die rechtsmedizinische Untersuchung von Beschuldigten, denen ein vorsätzliches Tötungsdelikt vorgeworfen wird, kann erheblich zur Rekonstruktion des Tatgeschehens und zur Aufklärung der Tat beitragen. Insofern sollte den Ermittlungsbehörden eine solche Untersuchung für alle infrage kommenden Fälle mit Nachdruck angeboten werden.
Quantifying the difference between phylogenetic diversity and diversity indices
Authors: Bordewich Magnus , Semple Charles 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhylogenetic diversity is a popular measure for quantifying the biodiversity of a collection Y of species, while phylogenetic diversity indices provide a way to apportion phylogenetic diversity to individual species. Typically, for some specific diversity index, the phylogenetic diversity of Y is not equal to the sum of the diversity indices of the species in Y. In this paper, we investigate the extent of this difference for two commonly-used indices: Fair Proportion and Equal Splits. In particular, we determine the maximum value of this difference under various instances including when the associated rooted phylogenetic tree is allowed to vary across all rooted phylogenetic trees with the same leaf set and whose edge lengths are constrained by either their total sum or their maximum value.
Velocity measurements in particle-laden high-enthalpy flow using non-intrusive techniques
Authors: Salvi Ciro , Gülhan Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research aims at analysing the particle-laden flow of the hypersonic high-enthalpy wind tunnel L2K, situated in Köln at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). In the L2K wind tunnel, Martian atmosphere can be created, and the facility can simulate heat load conditions encountered during atmospheric entry of Martian missions. In the tests, a simplified Martian atmosphere (97% CO2 and 3% N2) was used. The high-enthalpy flow was loaded with micrometric particles of magnesium oxide. The particles’ mean velocity was measured with a 2D–2C particle image velocimetry (PIV) system, in the region right downstream the nozzle expansion of the wind tunnel. The work proves the possibility of creating a high-enthalpy particle-laden flow for thermal protection systems (TPS) testing with simulated Martian atmosphere. Average particle velocities of around 2000 m/s are measured and compared with the numerical simulation of the wind tunnel’s particle-free flow, and with the flow velocity measured with tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). The study also highlights some unexpected results and features of the high-enthalpy particle-laden flow and proposes some theories for the causes of such effects, which include agglomeration due to melting, and gravitational effect.
Clinical value of a comprehensive clinical- and echocardiography-based risk score on predicting cardiovascular outcomes in ischemic heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Liu Dan , Hu Kai , Wagner Camilla , Lengenfelder Björn Daniel , Ertl Georg , Frantz Stefan , Nordbeck Peter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aims
The present study aimed to develop a comprehensive clinical- and echocardiography-based risk score for predicting cardiovascular (CV) adverse outcomes in patients with ischemic heart failure (IHF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 1341 hospitalized patients with IHF and LVEF < 50% at our hospital from 2009 to 2017. Cox regression models and nomogram were utilized to develop a comprehensive prediction model (C&E risk score) for CV mortality and CV-related events (hospitalization or death).

Results
Over a median 26-month follow-up, CV mortality and CV events rates were 17.4% and 40.9%, respectively. The C&E risk score, incorporating both clinical and echocardiographic factors, demonstrated superior predictive performance for CV outcomes compared to models using only clinical or echocardiographic factors. Internal validation confirmed the stable predictive ability of the C&E risk score, with an AUC of 0.740 (95% CI 0.709–0.775, P < 0.001) for CV mortality and an AUC of 0.678 (95% CI 0.642–0.696, P < 0.001) for CV events. Patients were categorized into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk based on the C&E risk score, with progressively increasing CV mortality (5.3% vs. 14.6% vs. 31.9%, P < 0.001) and CV events (28.8% vs. 38.2% vs. 55.0%, P < 0.001). External validation also confirmed the risk score’s prognostic efficacy within additional IHF patient datasets.

Conclusion
This study establishes and validates the novel C&E risk score as a reliable tool for predicting CV outcomes in IHF patients with reduced LVEF. The risk score holds potential for enhancing risk stratification and guiding clinical decision-making for high-risk patients.

Graphical abstract
Vapor-phase crystallization from a hydrous silicate melt: an experimental simulation of diktytaxitic texture
Authors: Sakurai Ryosuke , Nakamura Michihiko , Okumura Satoshi , Mujin Mayumi , Nakatani Takayuki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGroundmass textures of volcanic rocks provide valuable insights into the processes of magma ascent, crystallization, and eruption. The diktytaxitic texture, characterized by a lath-shaped arrangement of feldspar microlites forming glass-free and angular pores, is commonly observed in silicic dome-forming rocks and Vulcanian ashfall deposits. This texture has the potential to control the explosivity of volcanic eruptions because its micropore network allows pervasive degassing during the final stages of magma ascent and eruption. However, the exact conditions and kinetics of the formation of diktytaxitic textures, which are often accompanied by vapor-phase cristobalite, remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the diktytaxitic texture and vapor-phase minerals, cristobalite and alkali feldspar, can be produced from bulk-andesitic magma with rhyolitic glass under water-saturated, near-solidus conditions (± ~10 MPa and ± ~20 °C within the solidus; 10–20 MPa and 850 °C for our starting pumices). Such crystallization proceeds through the partial evaporation of the supercooled melt, followed by the deposition of cristobalite and alkali feldspar as a result of the system selecting the fastest crystallization pathway with the lowest activation energy. The previously proposed mechanisms of halogen-induced corrosion or melt segregation by gas-driven filter pressing are not particularly necessary, although they may occur concurrently. Diktytaxitic groundmass formation is completed within 4–8 days, irrespective of the presence or composition of the halogen. These findings constrain the outgassing of lava domes and shallow magma intrusions and provide new insights into the final stages of hydrous magma crystallization on Earth.
Acute ingestion of Ibuprofen does not influence the release of IL-6 or improve self-paced exercise in the heat despite altering cortical activity
Authors: Vargas Nicole T. , Robertson Caroline V. , Marino Frank E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study tested the hypothesis that ingesting 800 mg Ibuprofen prior to self-paced cycling at a fixed rating of perceived exertion (RPE) improves performance by attenuating the release of Interleukin (IL)-6 and its signalling molecules, whilst simultaneously modulating cortical activity and cerebral oxygenation to the brain. Eight healthy, recreationally active males ingested 800 mg Ibuprofen or a placebo ~ 1 h prior to performing fixed RPE cycling for 60 min in 35 °C and 60% relative humidity at an intensity of hard to very hard (RPE = 16) with intermittent maximal (RPE = 20) sprints every 10 min. Power output (PO), core and mean skin temperatures (Tc, Tsk), respectively, and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings at the frontal (Fz), motor (Cz) and Parietal (Pz) areas (90 s) were collected every 5 min. IL-6, soluble glycoprotein receptor (sgp130) and IL-6 receptor (R) were collected at pre-, 30 min and immediately post-exercise. Mean PO, HR, Tc and Tsk, and RPE were not different between trials (P ≥ 0.33). At end-exercise, the change in IL-6, sgp130 and sIL-6R was not different between trials (P ≥ 0.12). The increase in α and β activity did not differ in any cortices between trials (P ≥ 0.07); however, there was a significant reduction in α/β activity in the Ibuprofen compared to placebo trials at all sites (P ≤ 0.05). Ingesting a maximal, over-the-counter dose of Ibuprofen prior to exercise in the heat does not attenuate the release of IL-6, nor improve performance, but may influence cortical activity evidenced by a greater reduction in α/β activity.
Topological features of functional brain networks and subclinical impulsivity: an investigation in younger and older adults
Authors: Fornaro Silvia , Menardi Arianna , Vallesi Antonino 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImpulsive traits (i.e., the tendency to act without forethought regardless of negative outcomes) are frequently found in healthy populations. When exposed to risk factors, individuals may develop debilitating disorders of impulse control (addiction, substance abuse, gambling) characterized by behavioral and cognitive deficits, eventually leading to huge socioeconomic costs. With the far-reaching aim of preventing the onset of impulsive disorders, it is relevant to investigate the topological organization of functional brain networks associated with impulsivity in sub-clinical populations. Taking advantage of the open-source LEMON dataset, we investigated the topological features of resting-state functional brain networks associated with impulsivity in younger (n = 146, age: 20–35) and older (n = 61, age: 59–77) individuals, using a graph-theoretical approach. Specifically, we computed indices of segregation and integration at the level of specific circuits and nodes known to be involved in impulsivity (frontal, limbic, and striatal networks). In younger individuals, results revealed that impulsivity was associated with a more widespread, less clustered and less efficient functional organization, at all levels of analyses and in all selected networks. Conversely, impulsivity in older individuals was associated with reduced integration and increased segregation of striatal regions. Speculatively, such alterations of functional brain networks might underlie behavioral and cognitive abnormalities associated with impulsivity, a working hypothesis worth being tested in future research. Lastly, differences between younger and older individuals might reflect the implementation of age-specific adaptive strategies, possibly accounting for observed differences in behavioral manifestations. Potential interpretations, limitations and implications are discussed.
Treatment of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of rectum and anus with chemoradiotherapy: a single-centre evaluation
Authors: Fløe Louise Elkjær , Aggerholm-Pedersen Ninna , Tabaksblat Elizaveta Mitkina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PDNEC) of the rectum and anus is a rare disease exhibiting aggressive biological behaviour, even if diagnosed early. Currently, there are no agreed standard treatment approaches and management of locally advanced (LA) and metastatic PDNEC usually follows treatments used in pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas because of the similarities with small cell lung cancer. The role of surgery in PDNEC is still debated and the benefit of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is unknown. This report summarises the experiences of CRT application in anorectal PDNEC in a single Danish institution.

Methods
All patients with PDNEC treated with concomitant CRT between May 2019 and January 2021 at a University hospital in Denmark were evaluated. Demographics, treatment and survival outcomes were collected and analysed.

Results
Six patients were identified. Five patients received radiotherapy with 50.4 Gy/28 fractions, and four were eligible for curative resection after the CRT. Distant metastasis was observed in four patients at diagnosis. Two patients with synchronous liver metastases were treated with RFA, and one received a liver resection. The treatment was well tolerated with limited side effects. The median follow-up time was 17 months (range 10–36 months), and the median duration of response was 11.2 months (range 8.1 to 24.2 months). One patient achieved a complete response.

Conclusion
A multimodal treatment approach with CRT in advanced stages of PDNEC in a highly selected patient group is well tolerated and with a high chance of achieving local control and, combined with surgery, even complete response in a single case.
Increased carotid intima-media thickness in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis compared to controls and associations with markers of inflammation
Authors: Law Lucy , Lindqvist Per , Liv Per , Hellman Urban , Lejon Kristina , Geijer Mats , Söderberg Stefan , Forsblad-d’Elia Helena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
There is an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to, overall and stratified by sex, (i) compare ultrasound derived carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), between patients and controls, and (ii) investigate associations between cIMT, clinical disease activity and inflammation-related laboratory markers in patients with r-axSpA.

Method
In total, 155 patients diagnosed with r-axSpA using the modified New York criteria and 400 controls were included. Bilateral carotid ultrasound, laboratory testing, and questionaries were acquired. Disease-specific assessments were carried out for patients. Linear regression analysis was used to assess associations.

Results
Linear regression analyses showed that patients with r-axSpA had increased mean cIMT compared to controls (mean ± SD, 0.8 ± 0.1 mm vs 0.7± 0.1 mm, respectively, unstandardized β (95% CI) -0.076 (-0.10, -0.052), P < 0.001) adjusted for smoking status and age. Linear regression analyses for patients with r-axSpA showed that only males presented significant associations between cIMT and inflammation-related laboratory markers, white blood cell (WBC) count (mean ± SD, 6.8 ± 1.6 109/L) and monocytes (0.6 ± 0.2 109/L); WBC count (unstandardized β (95% CI) 0.019 (0.0065, 0.031), P = 0.003, R2 = 0.57) and monocytes (0.13 (0.0047, 0.26), P = 0.041, R2 = 0.55), adjusted for age, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, ASDAS-CRP, and treatment with DMARDs and glucocorticoids. No significant association was found between cIMT and clinical disease activity assessed by ASDAS-CRP.

Conclusion
Patients with r-axSpA had significantly increased cIMT compared to controls. In male patients, higher WBC and monocyte count were associated with an increase in cIMT suggesting the role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis.

Key Points•Carotid intima-media thickness was increased in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis compared to controls.•White blood cell and monocyte counts were associated with carotid intima-media thickness in male patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis.
Is cyber hygiene a remedy to IPTV infringement? A study of online streaming behaviours and cyber security practices
Authors: Shah Rajiv , Cemiloglu Deniz , Yucel Cagatay , Ali Raian , Katos Vasilis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpurred by the rapid modernisation of the sector and the advent of Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), audiovisual (AV) piracy is at epidemic levels, with interventions having limited effect. To date, the dominant themes in interventions have been around personal deterrence (i.e. the threat of legal action) and have not considered other factors that may influence an individual’s decision to consume infringing content. In this paper, we consider psychological factors, including perceptions around risk-taking, security behaviours, problematic internet use and personality traits, to gain a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing engagement with IPTV and the potential implications for cyber security. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 283 participants living in the UK (age range 18–74, male 104), and an integrated structural equation model was constructed. Our findings showed a positive relationship between security behaviours and the perceived risk of viewing IPTV and a negative relationship between the dark personality triad and the perceived risk of viewing IPTV. They suggest that security behaviours fully mediate the relationship between problematic internet use and IPTV risk-taking, indicating a potential new path for anti-piracy interventions with greater efficacy.
Tilt-evoked, breathing-driven blood pressure oscillations: Independence from baroreflex-sympathoneural function
Authors: Grabov Edward , Sullivan Patti , Wang Siqi , Goldstein David S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Orthostasis increases the variability of continuously recorded blood pressure (BP). Low-frequency (LF) BP oscillations (Mayer waves) in this setting are related to the vascular-sympathetic baroreflex. Mechanisms of increased high-frequency (HF) BP oscillations at the periodicity of respiration during orthostasis have received less research attention. A previously reported patient with post-neurosurgical orthostatic hypotension (OH) and vascular-sympathetic baroreflex failure had large tilt-evoked, breathing-driven BP oscillations, suggesting that such oscillations can occur independently of vascular-sympathetic baroreflex modulation. In the present study we assessed effects of orthostasis on BP variability in the frequency domain in patient cohorts with or without OH.

Methods
Power spectral analysis of systolic BP variability was conducted on recordings from 73 research participants, 42 with neurogenic OH [13 pure autonomic failure, 14 Parkinson’s disease (PD) with OH, 12 parkinsonian multiple system atrophy, and 3 status post-brainstem neurosurgery] and 31 without OH (control group of 16 healthy volunteers and 15 patients with PD lacking OH), before, during, and after 5′ of head-up tilt at 90 degrees from horizontal. The data were log transformed for statistical testing.

Results
Across all subjects, head-up tilting increased HF power of systolic BP variability (p = 0.001), without a difference between the neurogenic OH and control groups. LF power during orthostasis was higher in the control than in the OH groups (p = 0.009).

Conclusions
The results of this observational cohort study confirm those based on our case report and lead us to propose that even in the setting of vascular-sympathetic baroreflex failure orthostasis increases HF power of BP variability.