bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1‐Alkylphosphonium Salts from 1‐Alkenes.
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of Brevione B, an Allelochemical Isolated from Penicillium sp.
Authors: Takikawa Hirosato , Imamura Yusuke , Sasaki Mitsuru 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Cytotoxic Sesquiterpenes from the Red Algae Laurencia obtusa and Laurencia microcladia.
Authors: Kladi Maria , Xenaki Helen , Vagias Constantinos , Papazafiri Panagiota , Roussis Vassilios 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Stigmastane Steroids Constituents from Rice Hulls of Oryza sativa and Inhibitory Activity on Radish Seed
Authors: Chung Ill‐Min , Ali Mohd , Khanh Tran Dang , Choung Myoung Gun , Park Hong Jae , Ahmad Ateeque 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Practical One‐Pot Synthesis of New S‐Glycosyl Amino Acid Building Blocks for Combinatorial Neoglycopeptide Synthesis.
Authors: Schips Carsten , Ziegler Thomas 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Total Synthesis of Tarchonanthuslactone Exploiting N‐Pyrrole Carbinols as Efficient Stereocontrolling Elements.
Authors: Scott Mark S. , Luckhurst Chris A. , Dixon Darren J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Gambierol: The Generation of the A—C and F—H Subunits by Using a C‐Glycoside Centered Strategy.
Authors: Majumder Utpal , Cox Jason M. , Johnson Henry W. B. , Rainier Jon D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
MOCVD and ALD of High‐ϰ Dielectric Oxides Using Alkoxide Precursors
Authors: Jones Anthony C. , Aspinall Helen C. , Chalker Paul R. , Potter Richard J. , Manning Troy D. , Loo Yim Fun , O'Kane Ruairi , Gaskell Jeffrey M. , Smith Lesley M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Toward a Detailed Understanding of Base Excision Repair Enzymes: Transition State and Mechanistic Analyses of N‐Glycoside Hydrolysis and N‐Glycoside Transfer
Authors: Berti Paul J. , McCann Joe A. B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reinigung von Molkeproteinablagerungen mit pulsierender Strömung
Authors: Bode K. , Hooper R. J. , Paterson W. R. , Wilson D. I. , Augustin W. , Scholl S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHäufige Reinigungsintervalle machen das Milch‐Fouling zu einem Problem der milchverarbeitenden Industrie. Der Einsatz einer pulsierenden Strömung hat ein Potenzial zur Verbesserung des Reinigungsprozesses. Die Reinigungszeit kann auch bei niedrigen Temperaturen um mehr als die Hälfte verkürzt werden. Welligkeit der Pulsation und maximale Strömungsgeschwindigkeit sind die entscheidenden Parameter für die Effektivität des Reinigungsprozesses.
Aufwirbelung von auf Oberflächen abgelagerten Partikelschichten
Authors: Schmidt E. , Nitschke D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDie Resuspension, die Wiederaufwirbelung feiner sedimentierter Partikel von Oberflächen, hat weitreichende Bedeutung in Bereichen der Verfahrenstechnik, des Umweltschutzes und des täglichen Lebens. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit ist der Wiederaufwirbelung von brennbaren Stäuben zu widmen. Hieraus ergibt sich das Gefährdungspotenzial von Staubexplosionen. Die Wiederaufwirbelung von Stäuben ist zum Teil an den diskutierten Feinstaubbelastungen in den Innenstädten beteiligt. Zum einen ergeben sich durch Resuspension gesundheitliche Schädigungen, zum anderen können auch wirtschaftliche Schäden auftreten. Auf Grund von Ablösungen von Partikelschichten, z. B. in zuführenden Rohrleitungen, können technische Systeme mit einer erhöhten Staubkonzentration belastet werden. Dies führt häufig zu einer Verringerung der Lebensdauer des Systems. Mit Hilfe eines besseren Verständnisses der zugrunde liegenden Vorgänge können wirksamere Minderungsmaßnahmen entwickelt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund liefert der Beitrag eine Übersicht über die in der Literatur dokumentierten Modellansätze zum Verständnis der Wiederaufwirbelung von Partikeln im Größenbereich von etwa 1 bis 50 μm.
Analysis of direct hippocampal cortical field CA1 axonal projections to diencephalon in the rat
Authors: Cenquizca Lee A. , Swanson Larry W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe hippocampal formation is generally considered essential for processing episodic memory. However, the structural organization of hippocampal afferent and efferent axonal connections is still not completely understood, although such information is critical to support functional hypotheses. The full extent of axonal projections from field CA1 to the interbrain (diencephalon) is analyzed here with the Phaseolus vulgaris‐leucoagglutinin (PHAL) method. The ventral pole of field CA1 establishes direct pathways to, and terminal fields within, the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic and lateral preoptic areas, medial preoptic area, and certain other hypothalamic regions, as well as particular midline thalamic nuclei. These results suggest that hippocampal field CA1 modulates motivated or goal‐directed behaviors, and physiological responses, associated with the targeted hypothalamic neuron populations. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:101–114, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tin(IV) Fluoride Complexes with Tertiary Phosphane Ligands – A Comparison of Hard and Soft Donor Ligands
Authors: Davis Martin F. , Clarke Maria , Levason William , Reid Gillian , Webster Michael 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe first phosphane complexes of the hard Lewis acid SnF4 have been synthesised including trans‐[SnF4(PR3)2] (R = Me or Cy) and cis‐[SnF4(diphosphane)] [diphosphane = R2P(CH2)2PR2, R = Me, Et, Ph or Cy; o‐C6H4(PR2)2, R = Me or Ph] and characterised by IR and multinuclear NMR (1H, 19F, 31P, 119Sn) spectroscopy. The crystal structures of trans‐[SnF4(PCy3)2] and cis‐[SnF4{Et2P(CH2)2PEt2}] are reported. Tin(IV) fluoride complexes of 2,2′‐bipyridyl, 1,10‐phenanthroline, MeO(CH2)2OMe, Me2N(CH2)2NMe2, pyridine and THF have been characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, the structures of cis‐[SnF4(L–L)] (L–L = 1,10‐phenanthroline and MeO(CH2)2OMe) determined, and the properties were compared with those of the phosphane complexes. Complexes of o‐C6H4(PMe2)2, Et2P(CH2)2PEt2, and MeC(CH2AsMe2)3 with SnCl4 and SnBr4 are also reported and the structures of cis‐[SnCl4{Et2P(CH2)2PEt2}] and cis‐[SnBr4{κ2‐MeC(CH2AsMe2)3}] described. Attempts to prepare tertiary arsane complexes of SnF4 have been unsuccessful. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Novel Poly(ethylene glycol)s Bearing Tributyltin Carboxylate End Groups as Ionophores in the Development of Chloride Ion‐Selective Electrodes
Authors: Tonelli Domenica , Carpani Irene , Mazzocchetti Laura , Angiolini Luigi , Caretti Daniele , Salatelli Elisabetta , Tarterini Fabrizio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe potentiometric response characteristics of electrodes based on PVC membranes containing novel polyethylene glycols (PEGs) with tributyltin carboxylate end groups as ionophores for chloride ions were studied in 0.1 M HEPES solution, at the spontaneous pH. The effects of solvent mediator, amount of cationic additive, amount of ionophore and PEG chain length on the behavior of the sensors were investigated. The membranes with the best composition responded to chloride concentration in a linear range from 10−4 to 10−1 M Cl− with a nearly Nernstian slope and a detection limit of 6.5×10−5 M. The sensor showed a short response time (<25 s) in the whole concentration range and an operational lifetime of about one week for the most performing PVC membranes. In comparison with ISEs based on anion exchangers the interferences from the more lipophilic anions were greatly reduced, as inferable by the selectivity coefficients determined with the matched potential method at chloride concentration of 3.0×10−3 M.
Statistical neuroanatomy of the human inferior frontal gyrus and probabilistic atlas in a standard stereotaxic space
Authors: Hammers Alexander , Chen Chi‐Hua , Lemieux Louis , Allom Richard , Vossos Spyridon , Free Samantha L. , Myers Ralph , Brooks David J. , Duncan John S. , Koepp Matthias J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe manually defined the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) on high‐resolution MRIs in native space in 30 healthy subjects (15 female, median age 31 years; 15 male, median age 30 years), resulting in 30 individual atlases. Using standard software (SPM99), these were spatially transformed to a widely used stereotaxic space (MNI/ICBM 152) to create probabilistic maps. In native space, the total IFG volume was on average 5%, and the gray matter (GM) portion 12% larger in women (not significant). Expressed as a percentage of ipsilateral frontal lobe volume (i.e., correcting for brain size), the IFG was an average of 20%, and the GM portion of the IFG 27%, larger in women (P < 0.005). Correcting for total lobar volume yielded the same result. No asymmetry was found in IFG volumes. There were significant positional differences between the right and left IFGs, with the right IFG being further lateral in both native and stereotaxic space. Variability was similar on the left and right, but more pronounced anteriorly and superiorly. We show differences in IFG volume, composition, and position between sexes and between hemispheres. Applications include probabilistic determination of location in group studies, automatic labeling of new scans, and detection of anatomical abnormalities in patients. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Host–bacterial interaction in the development of gastric precancerous lesions in a high risk population for gastric cancer in Venezuela
Authors: Kato Ikuko , van Doorn Leen‐Jan , Canzian Federico , Plummer Martyn , Franceschi Silvia , Vivas Jorge , Lopez Gladys , Lu Yanhui , Gioia‐Patricola Lydie , Severson Richard K. , Schwartz Ann G. , Muñoz Nubia 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (HP) infection affects over 50% of the world's population. The prevalence is over 90% in populations at high risk for gastric cancer, but clinical outcomes of the infection are highly variable and thus host genetic factors have been suggested to play a role in its outcomes in addition to bacterial factors. In this study, we examined the effects of common functional genetic polymorphisms of several proinflammatory cytokines known to be overexpressed in HP‐infected gastric mucosa on the risk of various stages of gastric premalignant lesions. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia were estimated by multinominal logistic regression analysis among 2,033 Venezuelan subjects. There was a significant effect of IL8 ‐251A allele on the prevalence of dysplasia (p = 0.021). The OR associated with the A‐allele was 1.34 (95% CI: 0.82–2.18) for heterozygotes and 2.00 (95% CI: 1.13–3.56) for homozygotes, compared with the TT genotype. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant interaction between the number of A‐alleles and HP cag A genotype (p = 0.009), suggesting that the A‐allele increased the risk of dysplasia only when cag A was present. The OR for the AA compared with TT genotype was 3.22 (95% CI: 1.60–6.52) in this group. There were no associations with other proinflammatory cytokines studied, i.e., IL1β, IL6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and TNFα, or with other stages of premalignant lesions. The present study provides important evidence suggesting host–bacterial interactions in the development of gastric precancerous lesions. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved recovery of B‐phycoerythrin produced by the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum
Authors: Hernandez‐Mireles Tanhia , Rito‐Palomares Marco 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA simplified process for the primary recovery and purification of B‐phycoerythrin (BPE) from Porphyridium cruentum exploiting aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) and isoelectric precipitation was developed in order to reduce the number of unit operations and benefit from increased purity and yield of the protein product. Evaluation of the partitioning behaviour of BPE in polyethylene glycol (PEG)/sulphate, PEG/dextran and PEG/phosphate ATPS was carried out to determine under what conditions the BPE and contaminants concentrated into opposite phases. An additional stage of isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.0 after cell disruption resulted in an increase in purity of the target protein from the BPE crude extract and enhanced the performance of the subsequent ATPS. PEG1000/phosphate ATPS proved to be suitable after isoelectric precipitation for the recovery of highly purified (defined as absorbance ratio A545 nm/A280 nm > 4.0) BPE with a potential commercial value as high as US$ 50/mg. An ATPS extraction stage comprising 29.5% (w/w) PEG1000, 9.0% (w/w) phosphate, a volume ratio (Vr) equal to 1.0, a system pH of 7.0 and loaded with 40% (w/w) of the BPE extract generated by precipitation allowed BPE recovery with a purity of 4.1±0.2 and an overall product yield of 72% (w/w). The purity of BPE from the crude extract increased 5.9‐fold after isoelectric precipitation and ATPS. The results reported herein demonstrate the benefits of the practical application of isoelectric precipitation together with ATPS for the recovery and purification of BPE produced by P. cruentum as a first step in the development of a commercial purification process. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Drug Release of pH/Temperature‐Responsive Calcium Alginate/Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Semi‐IPN Beads
Authors: Shi Jun , Alves Natália M. , Mano João F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: A series of semi‐interpenetrating, polymer network (semi‐IPN), hydrogel beads, composed of calcium alginate (Ca‐alginate) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM), were prepared for a pH/temperature‐sensitive drug delivery study. The equilibrium swelling showed the independent pH‐ and thermo‐ responsive nature of the developed materials. At pH = 2.1, the release amount of indomethacin incorporated into these beads was about 10% within 400 min, while this value approached to 95% at pH = 7.4. The release rate of the drug was higher at 37 °C than that at 25 °C and increased slightly with increasing PNIPAAM content. These results suggest that the Ca‐alginate/PNIPAAM beads have the potential to be used as an effective pH/temperature sustainable delivery system of bioactive agents.A summary of the temperature‐ and pH‐dependence on the release of the drug over a period of 450 min. The effect of the temperature on the swelling of the beads is shown in the inset.magnified imageA summary of the temperature‐ and pH‐dependence on the release of the drug over a period of 450 min. The effect of the temperature on the swelling of the beads is shown in the inset.
Numerical Simulation of Mesoscopic Mechanical Behaviors of Gradual Multi‐Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Li Hongzhou , Jia Yuxi , Mamtimin Geni , Wang Xin , Jiang Wei , An Lijia 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: To simulate the deformation and the fracture of gradual multi‐fiber‐reinforced polymer matrix composites, a numerical simulation method for the mesoscopic mechanical behaviors was developed on the basis of the finite element and the Monte Carlo methods. The results indicate that the strength of a composite increases if the variability of statistical fiber strengths is decreased.Normalized strength distributions plotted in the Weibull form of $\ln (\sigma /\sigma _{\rm c} )$ versus $\ln [ - \ln (1 - P)]$ for composites with varying WM.imageNormalized strength distributions plotted in the Weibull form of $\ln (\sigma /\sigma _{\rm c} )$ versus $\ln [ - \ln (1 - P)]$ for composites with varying WM.
A First Principle Characterization of Polyethylene, Poly(propylene) and Polystyrene Macroradicals Properties
Authors: Cysewski Piotr , Shyichuk Alexander 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSummary: Structures of polyethylene, poly(propylene) and polystyrene macroradicals have been studied by means of the B3LYP/6‐31G** method. The polystyrene tertiary alkyl radical has been found to be less active as having spin density partially delocalized on the aromatic ring neighboring to the radical site. Considering the main chain bond orders, the following radicals have been found to be susceptible to main chain scission: the sec‐ and tert‐oxyl poly(propylene) ones, the sec‐ and tert‐oxyl polystyrene ones as well as the tertiary alkyl polystyrene one. The energy levels of the last frontier molecular orbitals in the polyolefin macroradicals have been found to be split up and moved—up and down for HOMOs and LUMOs, respectively. The alkyl macroradicals have single occupied molecular orbital with increased energy. In the oxyl and peroxyl radicals the spin density comes from two or three last orbitals that are spread over a broad molecular region and no single occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) may be identified.Localization of the spin density.magnified imageLocalization of the spin density.
Strain‐specific induction of murine lung tumors following in utero exposure to 3‐methylcholanthrene
Authors: Jennings‐Gee Jamie E. , Moore Joseph E. , Xu Mian , Dance Stephanie T. , Kock Nancy D. , McCoy Thomas P. , Carr J. Jeffrey , Miller Mark Steven 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFetal mice are more sensitive to chemical carcinogens than are adults. We previously demonstrated that resistant offspring of a DBA/2 × (C57BL/6 × DBA2) backcross exhibited a high incidence of lung tumors 12–13 mo after transplacental exposure to 3‐methylcholanthrene (MC). We compared the effects of in utero treatment with MC on lung tumor incidence in the offspring of intermediately susceptible BALB/c (C), resistant C57BL/6 (B6), and reciprocal crosses between these strains. Pregnant mice were treated with 45 mg/kg of MC on day 17 of gestation and tumor incidence, multiplicity, and the Ki‐ras mutational spectrum determined in the offspring 12–18 mo after birth. Tumor incidences in C mice and reciprocal crosses were 86% and 100%, respectively, while B6 mice demonstrated resistance to tumorigenesis, with a tumor incidence of 11%. Tumor multiplicities in C, B6C, CB6, and B6 mice were 3.3 ± 3.2, 5.8 ± 3.2, 5.0 ± 2.7, and <0.1, respectively. Ki‐ras mutations, which occurred chiefly in the Ks allele (96%), were found in 79–81% of reciprocally crossed F1 mice, 64% of C mice, and 50% of B6 mice, with the Val12, Asp12, and Arg13 mutations associated with more aggressive tumors. A subset of these mice was used to demonstrate the utility of computer tomography (CT) for the visualization and measurement of lung tumors in the submillimeter range in vivo. Based on known genetic differences in murine strains for lung cancer, our results suggest the presence of a previously unidentified genetic factor(s) which appears to specifically influence lung tumorigenesis following exposure to carcinogens during fetal development. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy in Burkitt‐like lymphoma
Authors: Wanschitz Julia , Dichtl Wolfgang , Budka Herbert , Löscher Wolfgang N. , Boesch Sylvia 
Published: May 2006

AbstractImmune‐mediated neuropathies associated with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma are rare and can be difficult to delineate from neuropathies of other etiologies. We report the clinical and pathological findings of a 36‐year‐old patient with fulminant quadriplegic neuropathy, left facial nerve palsy, and Burkitt‐like lymphoma. Features of the neuropathy, which occurred during induction chemotherapy with a total cumulative dose of 4 mg vincristine, suggested axonal Guillain–Barré syndrome. There was no evidence of direct malignant infiltration of the peripheral nervous system. We hypothesize that immune mechanisms triggered by the lymphoma initiated damage to the peripheral nervous system and enhanced its vulnerability to the toxic effects of vincristine. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties of copolymers containing 9,9‐dihexylfluorene and 9‐dimethylaminopropylcarbazole chromophores
Authors: Liu Chien‐Hsin , Chen Shinn‐Horng , Chen Yun 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSoluble and well‐defined 9,9‐dihexylfluorene and 9‐dimethylaminopropylcarbazole based copolymers PFCN and 5PFCN have been prepared by Suzuki coupling polymerization. For comparison, alternate copolymer of 9,9‐dihexylfluorene and 9‐hexylcarbazole (PFC) was also prepared with the same method. Furthermore, alternate copolymer of 9,9‐dihexylfluorene and 9‐dimethylethylammoniumpropylcarbazole (PFCNE) was prepared from PFCN by the ethylation of its dimethylaminopropyl groups with bromoethane. These copolymers were soluble in organic solvents and showed high glass‐transition temperatures (75–160 °C). The optimized architecture of PFCN from a simulation was a spiral, which was different from the linear structure of poly(9,9‐dihexylfluorene) (PFO). Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the residual weights of 5PFCN, PFCN, PFC, and PFCNE at 800 °C were all greater then 50%, whereas PFO showed complete thermal decomposition. Both the absorption and photoluminescence emission peaks of these copolymers showed blueshifts after the introduction of the carbazole units because of reduced conjugation. Moreover, the introduction of 9‐hexylcarbazole and 9‐dimethylamionpropylcarbazole moieties into copolymers PFC and PFCN, respectively, effectively prevented the excimer formation of PFO. According to cyclic voltammetry results, PFCNE containing quaternary amino pendant groups exhibited the most stable reduction–oxidation cycles. The turn‐on electric fields of their electroluminescence devices decreased with increasing carbazole content because of the more balanced carrier injection. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3882–3895, 2006