bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divinyl selenide: conformational study and stereochemical behavior of its 77Se1H spin–spin coupling constants
Authors: Rusakov Yury Yu. , Krivdin Leonid B. , Istomina Natalia V. , Potapov Vladimir A. , Amosova Svetlana V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTheoretical energy‐based conformational analysis of divinyl selenide performed at the MP2/6‐311G** level is substantiated by the second‐order polarization propagator approach (SOPPA) calculations and experimental measurements of its 77Se1H spin–spin coupling constants, demonstrating marked stereochemical behavior in respect of the internal rotation of both vinyl groups around the SeC bonds. Based on these data, divinyl selenide is shown to exist in an equilibrium mixture of three nonplanar conformers: one the preferred syn‐s‐cis‐s‐trans and two minor anti‐s‐trans‐s‐trans and syn‐s‐trans‐s‐trans forms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New bounds on the minimum number of calls in failure‐tolerant gossiping
Authors: Hou Zhe , Shigeno Maiko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGossiping is an extensively investigated information dissemination process. In gossiping, every vertex holds a message that has to be transmitted to all other vertices. This article deals with k‐failure tolerant gossiping, which investigates the minimum number of transmissions (calls) required by the communication process, provided that at most k transmissions may fail. We show new bounds for the number of transmissions, an improvement over previous results if k is sufficiently large. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Optimal pricing of capacitated networks
Authors: Grigoriev Alexander , van Loon Joyce , Sitters René , Uetz Marc 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe address the algorithmic complexity of a profit maximization problem in capacitated, undirected networks. We are asked to price a set ofmcapacitated network links to serve a set ofnpotential customers. Each customer is interested in purchasing a network connection that is specified by a simple path in the network and has a maximum budget that we assume to be known to the seller. The goal is to decide which customers to serve, and to determine prices for all network links in order to maximize the total profit. We address this pricing problem in different network topologies. More specifically, we derive several results on the algorithmic complexity of this profit maximization problem, given that the network is either a path, a cycle, a tree, or a grid. Our results include approximation algorithms as well as inapproximability results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
A Hit‐and‐Run approach for generating scale invariant Small World networks
Authors: Ghate Archis , Smith Robert L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHit‐and‐Run is a well‐known class of Markov chain algorithms for sampling from essentially arbitrary distributions over bounded regions of the Euclidean space. We present a class of Small World network models constructed using Hit‐and‐Run in a Euclidean ball. We prove that there is a unique scale invariant model in this class that admits efficient search by a decentralized algorithm. This research links two seemingly unrelated areas: Markov chain sampling techniques and scale invariant Small World networks, and may have interesting implications for stochastic search methods for continuous optimization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2009
Antibiotic glass slide coated with silver nanoparticles and its antimicrobial capabilities
Authors: Lv Yaohui , Liu Hong , wang Zhen , Hao Lujiang , Liu Jing , Wang Yangmin , Du Guojun , Liu Duo , Zhan Jie , Wang Jiyang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSilver nanoparticles were covalently coated on a glass surface by overnight exposure of the glass substrate to nanoparticle solutions, using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as a coupling agent. Washing and air‐drying yield a uniformly coated glass substrate, which can be used as a material capable of killing harmful microorganisms in food industry. Nanoparticles are stable on the glass surface and are not washed away by water; they even remain on the glass surface under short‐term ultrasonic irradiation. The morphology of silver nanoparticles on the glass substrate was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The existence of Ag nanoparticles on the substrate was also confirmed by ultraviolet‐visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) measurement shows that the connection is based on covalent bonds between silver nanoparticle surface/APTES molecules. Combining the effects of low cost and effectiveness in prohibiting the growth of Escherichia coli, such materials are expected to be used as antibacterial coatings, which may have large potential applications in food industry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating soluble endoglin and placental abruption
Authors: Signore Caroline , Mills James L. , Qian Cong , Yu Kai F. , Rana Sarosh , Karumanchi S. Ananth , Levine Richard J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to investigate whether serum concentrations of a novel anti‐angiogenic factor, soluble endoglin (sEng), could predict placental abruption.MethodsIn a nested case–control study of nulliparous pregnancies, we examined levels of sEng in serum collected prospectively from 31 women who later developed placental abruption and from 31 normal controls. All serum specimens were collected before the onset of hypertension or abruption and before labor or delivery. Serum sEng was compared within three gestational age intervals: early‐ (<20 weeks), mid‐ (21–32 weeks), and late (≥33 weeks) pregnancy.ResultsThere was no significant difference in sEng between abruption cases and controls in early pregnancy. sEng was significantly elevated among abruption cases at 21–32 weeks (10.7 vs 5.9 ng/mL, P < 0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed no differences in sEng concentrations at any gestational age interval between cases with abruption without hypertension and healthy controls. Among women who developed hypertension and placental abruption, sEng was not significantly increased in early pregnancy, but was in mid‐pregnancy (19.3 vs 5.5 ng/mL, P = 0.002) and in late pregnancy (15.6 vs 9.5 ng/mL, P = 0.04).ConclusionsSerum levels of the anti‐angiogenic factor sEng are elevated prior to the development of hypertension and placental abruption. These elevations are not apparent until the late second trimester (26–27 weeks, on average), but they persist from this time in gestation onward. sEng may be useful for identifying pregnant women at risk for abruption and hypertension. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal cardiac scanning performed immediately following an abnormal nuchal translucency examination
Authors: Weiner Zeev , Weizman Boris , Beloosesky Ron , Goldstein Israel , Bombard Allan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo study the implications of early fetal cardiac scanning immediately following an abnormal nuchal translucency (NT) examination.MethodsFetal cardiac scanning was performed immediately after an increased NT was observed. Scans were performed transvaginally at 11 to 14 weeks. Fetal echocardiography was repeated between 14 and 24 weeks in continuing pregnancies, or when the cardiac scanning appeared normal at 11 to 14 weeks.ResultsWe performed 2513 NT examinations. An abnormal NT was observed in 135 (5.4%) patients. In addition, 65 patients with an abnormal NT were referred to us for fetal cardiac scanning from other offices. Overall, we performed 200 fetal cardiac scans between 11.2 and 13.5 weeks for an abnormal NT examination. Twelve major fetal cardiac anomalies were diagnosed between 12 and 13.5 weeks. Seven patients (58%) terminated pregnancy between 12 and 14 weeks without performing chorionic villous sampling (CVS). Five patients asked for chromosomal analysis before deciding about their pregnancy. Fetal cardiac anomalies were suspected in six additional cases, but only one of them was diagnosed. Another five minor and one major fetal cardiac anomaly were suspected at 11 to 14 weeks but diagnosed later on fetal echocardiography.ConclusionMajor fetal cardiac anomalies can be detected immediately following an abnormal NT examination and be useful for the patients' decisions about the management of their pregnancy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of block copolymers by combination of ATRP and photoiniferter processes
Authors: Durmaz Yasemin Yuksel , Karagoz Bunyamin , Bicak Niyazi , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Block copolymers of monomers polymerizing by different mechanisms can be prepared by the transformation approach. A wide range of combinations of different polymerization modes has been reported in the literature. In this work, the transformation approach was further extended to the preparation of block copolymers by combining atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and photoiniferter processes.RESULTS: Photoactive morpholine‐4‐dithiocarbamate‐terminated polystyrene (MDC‐PS‐MDC) was prepared by the reaction of dibrominated polystyrene, obtained by ATRP, with morpholine‐4‐dithiocarbamate sodium salt in dimethylformamide. The structure of MDC‐PS‐MDC was confirmed by 1H NMR and UV‐visible spectral analysis. The ability of MDC‐PS‐MDC to act as a photoiniferter for the block copolymerization of methyl acrylate was examined. The polymerization shows a ‘living’ character at up to 25% conversion and produces well‐defined polymers with molecular weights close to those predicted from theory and relatively narrow polydispersities (Mw/Mn ≈ 1.40).CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated that the end groups of polymers obtained by ATRP can be converted into morpholino‐4‐dithiocarbamate groups which act as photoiniferters. In this way, the desired mechanistic transformation between two controlled free radical polymerization methods can be achieved. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Irreversible temperature‐responsive formation of high‐strength hydrogel from an enantiomeric mixture of starburst triblock copolymers consisting of 8‐arm PEG and PLLA or PDLA
Authors: Nagahama Koji , Fujiura Kanae , Enami Shunsuke , Ouchi Tatsuro , Ohya Yuichi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractStarburst triblock copolymers consisting of 8‐arm poly(ethylene glycol) (8‐arm PEG) and biodegradable poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) or its enantiomer poly(D‐lactide) (PDLA), 8‐arm PEG‐b‐PLLA‐b‐PEG (Stri‐L), and 8‐arm PEG‐b‐PDLA‐b‐PEG (Stri‐D) were synthesized. An aqueous solution of a 1:1 mixture (Stri‐Mix) of Stri‐L and Stri‐D assumed a sol state at room temperature, but instantaneously formed a physically crosslinked hydrogel in response to increasing temperature. The resulting hydrogel exhibited a high‐storage modulus (9.8 kPa) at 37 °C. Interestingly, once formed at the transition temperature, the hydrogel was stable even after cooling below the transition temperature. The hydrogel formation process was irreversible because of the formation of stable stereocomplexes. In aqueous solution, gradual hydrolytic erosion was observed because of degradation of the hydrogel. The combination of rapid temperature‐triggered irreversible hydrogel formation, high‐mechanical strength, and degradation behavior render this polymer mixture system suitable for use in injectable biomedical materials, for example, as a drug delivery system for bioactive reagents or a biodegradable scaffold for tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6317–6332, 2008
How is experimentation carried out by companies? A survey of three European regions
Authors: Tanco Martin , Viles Elisabeth , Ilzarbe Laura , Álvarez María Jesus 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA survey was carried out to characterize experimentation in three different European regions: the Baden‐Württemberg region, The Basque Country and the rest of Spain. Results of the survey show that even though experimentation is a frequent activity, almost 95% of companies conduct experiments; the strategies used to carry them out are primitive. The one‐factor‐at‐a‐time strategy is used by 75% of companies far more than the 23%, which apply design of experiments (DoE). Results show that this may be due to the current lack of knowledge of DoE in these regions, where only 33% are familiar with the technique. Finally, the rate of applications of DoE among Six Sigma users is 40%, twice that of non‐users, which stands at 19%. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decentralized position verification in geographic ad hoc routing
Authors: Leinmüller Tim , Schoch Elmar , Kargl Frank , Maihöfer Christian 
Published: August 2008

AbstractInter‐vehicle communication is regarded as one of the major applications of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Compared to MANETs or wireless sensor networks (WSNs), these so‐called vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have unique requirements on network protocols. The requirements result mainly from node mobility and the demands of position‐dependent applications. On the routing layer, those requirements are well met by geographic routing protocols. Functional research on geographic routing has already reached a considerable level, whereas security aspects have only been recently taken into account. Position information dissemination has been identified as being crucial for geographic routing since forged position information has severe impact regarding both performance and security.In this work, we first summarize the problems that arise from falsified position data. We then propose a framework that contains different detection mechanisms in order to mitigate or lessen these problems. Our developed mechanisms are capable of recognizing nodes cheating about their position in beacons (periodic position dissemination in most single‐path geographic routing protocols, e.g., GPSR). Unlike other proposals described in the literature, our detection system does not rely on additional hardware or special nodes, which would contradict the ad hoc approach. Instead, we use a number of different independent sensors to quickly give an estimation of the trustworthiness of other nodes' position claims. The different sensors run either autonomously on every single node, or they require cooperation between neighboring nodes.The simulation evaluation proves that the combination of autonomous and cooperative position verification mechanisms successfully discloses most nodes disseminating false position information, and thereby widely prevents attacks using position cheating. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peer victimisation and internalising difficulties: The moderating role of friendship quality
Authors: Woods Sarah , Done John , Kalsi Hardeep 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTA cross‐sectional study is reported in which loneliness and emotional problems are explored in adolescent victims of direct or relational bullying, together with the potentially moderating influence of friendship quality. Adolescents (N = 401, mean age 13.5) completed the School Relationships Questionnaire, to identify bullying and victimisation roles, the Friendship Activity Questionnaire (FAQ), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to assess emotional problems, and the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (LSDQ). Relational victims, but not direct victims reported significantly elevated feelings of loneliness and emotional problems compared to non‐victims. Direct victims reported a significantly higher quality of friendship, compared to non‐victims. Poor quality of friendship was also associated with high levels of loneliness, and vice versa for direct victims, but not for relational victims. This indicates that the higher quality of friendship found in direct victims is associated with the reduced levels of loneliness found in this group. Given the cross‐sectional nature of this study, it is not possible to ascertain whether this association truly reflects the role of friendship quality as a moderator, and hence protective factor against adverse influences of victimisation. The different mechanisms underlying direct and relational victimisation are important for future research and intervention programmes.
Long‐term prognosis of the transient left ventricular dysfunction syndrome (Tako‐Tsubo cardiomyopathy): Focus on malignancies
Authors: Burgdorf Christof , Kurowski Volkhard , Bonnemeier Hendrik , Schunkert Heribert , Radke Peter Walter 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground:The pathophysiology and long‐term prognosis of the transient left ventricular dysfunction syndrome (LVDS, Tako‐Tsubo cardiomyopathy) is largely unknown.Aims:To investigate the prevalence of malignancies and long‐term mortality in patients with LVDS.Methods and results:Fifty patients with LVDS (47 females and 3 men, age 70±10 years) and 50 age‐ and gender‐matched control patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction (MI) were evaluated. Nine patients (18%) with LVDS and 3 patients (6%) with MI had a previous history of malignancy at the time of the index event. On follow‐up (2.9±1.6 years), 7 malignancies were newly diagnosed in the LVDS cohort whereas no new case of malignancy was found in the control group (p=0.01, odds ratio 16.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.93–304.60). Overall mortality during follow‐up did not differ significantly between both groups (hazard ratio 1.44 for death in LVDS patients, 95% CI 0.52–3.95, p=0.49); however, of those patients who died, cardiac deaths were more frequent in patients with MI (100% versus 11%in patients with LVDS, p<0.001).Conclusions:Our data suggest an association of LVDS with malignancies, potentially as a result of paraneoplastic phenomena. Long‐term prognosis of patients with LVDS is no better than in patients with acute MI.
Ultraviolet‐B induced inflammation of human skin: Characterisation and comparison with traditional models of hyperlagesia
Authors: Bishop Thomas , Ballard Angela , Holmes Helen , Young Antony R. , McMahon Stephen B. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThe effect on human skin of over‐exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been well described. The erythema produced is commonly referred to as ‘sunburn’. Recently UVR induced inflammation has been utilised as a human model of sub‐acute pain. Our aim was to characterise the sensory phenotype of UVB inflammation in human volunteers. We delivered UVB to small areas of volar forearm skin in healthy volunteers and found that the degree of inflammation and concomitant increase in sensitivity to cutaneous stimuli were UVB dose and time dependant. We directly compared UVB induced inflammation and the more established thermal burn and topical capsaicin pain models. UVB inflammation produced precisely demarcated erythematous lesions without secondary flare. Both thermal burns and topical capsaicin produced large areas of flare, indistinguishable in character from the primary lesions. Moreover, UVB inflammation induced large reductions in mechanical pain threshold restricted to the primary lesion site, whereas the more established inflammatory pain models produced not only primary hypersensitivity but also significant areas of secondary mechanical hypersensitivity. Taken together these findings suggest that UVB inflammation, at least using moderate doses produces sensory changes primarily by sensitising peripheral pain processing in the relative absence of alterations in central pain processing.
Cell cycle activation in striatal neurons from Huntington's disease patients and rats treated with 3‐nitropropionic acid
Authors: Pelegrí Carme , Duran‐Vilaregut Joaquim , del Valle Jaume , Crespo‐Biel Natàlia , Ferrer Isidre , Pallàs Mercè , Camins Antoni , Vilaplana Jordi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of cell cycle re‐entry in an experimental model of Huntington's disease and in human brain samples. We found that after treatment of rats with the mitochondrial neurotoxin 3‐nitropropionic acid, the expression of cell cycle markers of G1 phase measured by immunohistochemistry was induced in the striatal brain region. Furthermore, we detected an increase in the nuclear and also cytoplasmatic E2F‐1 expression, suggesting that this protein could activate the apoptotic cascade in rat brain. Western blot analysis of post‐mortem brain samples from patients also showed an increase in the expression of E2F‐1 and cyclin D1 in comparison with control samples. These results indicate that cell cycle re‐entry is activated in Huntington's disease and may contribute to the neurodegenerative process.
Modelling anatexis in intra-cratonic rift basins: an example from the Neoproterozoic rocks of the Scottish Highlands
Authors: RYAN PAUL D. , SOPER N. JACK 
Published: August 2008

The Neoproterozoic metasediments of northwestern Scotland were deformed during the
470 Ma Grampian orogeny. Their pre-Ordovician history has proved difficult to elucidate, due to conflicting
evidence. While the stratigraphic record indicates deposition in intracontinental rift basins
associated with the break-up of Rodinia, isotopic dates in the range 870–780 Ma from granite gneiss,
early pegmatites and metamorphic garnets have been attributed to a Neoproterozoic ‘Knoydartian’
orogeny. Stratigraphic evidence for this orogeny is lacking, and it is not represented elsewhere on the
Laurentian margin. An alternative interpretation is that much of the Knoydartian history can be
related to extensional, not collisional processes. Specifically, it has been proposed that the 870 Ma
West Highland granite gneiss that is intruded into the Moine rocks of northwestern Scotland is not the
product of synorogenic anatexis but represents a suite of granite sheets that were generated during
extensional rifting and were subsequently deformed and gneissified during the Grampian orogeny.
This contribution presents numerical models of extension-related anatexis to test this hypothesis.We first develop a methodology to estimate stretch values and the duration of extension and thermal
subsidence for the Moine rift basins. A thermal model is then constructed for these basins using
transient finite element techniques. This model shows that lithospheric extension sufficient to produce
major rift basins, even if they are filled with feldspathic sediment with Neoproterozoic heat production
characteristics, will not lead to crustal anatexis. However, a regional suite of mafic dykes in the more
easterly (Loch Eil) Moine suggests that stretching led to decompression melting of the mantle. We
model the effect of advecting heat into the extending lithosphere by the introduction of a modest volume
of basaltic magma, and show that substantial granitic melt can be generated in the basement
beneath the basin. The amount of anatexis varies with the locus of basalt intrusion. Some 30% more
granite is generated by dykes emplaced along basin-bounding faults than by either dykes emplaced
beneath the centre of the basin, or by underplating sills. The spatial distributions of the West Highland
gneiss and of the mafic suite are compatible with this finding. There is clear field evidence that the protolith
of the West Highland gneiss consisted of a suite of pre-tectonic granite sheets, and our modelling
demonstrates that they could have been generated during the later stages of extensional rifting and
Moine sedimentation.