bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent accumulation variability and change on the Antarctic Peninsula from the ERA40 reanalysis
Authors: Miles Georgina M. , Marshall Gareth J. , McConnell Joseph R. , Aristarain Alberto J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Antarctic Peninsula has displayed significant climate change over recent decades. Understanding contemporaneous changes in accumulation is made difficult because the region's complex orography means that ice‐core data are not necessarily representative of a wider area. In this paper, the patterns of regional spatial accumulation variability across the Antarctic Peninsula region are presented, based on an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of European Centre for Medium Range Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA40) data over the 23‐year period from 1979 through 2001. Annual and seasonal trends in the sign and strength of these patterns are identified, as is their relationship with mean sea level pressure, temperature and indices of large‐scale circulation variability.The results reveal that the first pattern of accumulation variability on the Peninsula is primarily related to pressure in the circumpolar trough and the second pattern to temperature: together the two EOFs explain ∼45–65% of the annual/seasonal accumulation. The strongest positive trend in an EOF occurs with EOF2 in the austral autumn March‐April‐May (MAM). This is highly correlated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in this season, suggesting stronger westerly winds have caused an increase in orographic precipitation along the west Antarctic Peninsula. A significant correlation with ENSO occurs only in the winter EOF1, associated with blocking in the Bellingshausen Sea.Inter‐annual ERA40 accumulation is shown to compare favourably with an ice core in the south of the Peninsula, but, for a variety of reasons, correlates poorly with accumulation as measured in an ice core from the northern tip. Opposite trends in accumulation at these two sites can be explained by the spatial pattern and trend of EOF2 in MAM and thus by recent changes in the SAM. The results of this study will aid in the understanding of temporal accumulation changes observed in the regional ice‐core record. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Raman and infrared spectral studies of [C(NH2)3]2MII(H2O)4(SO4)2, MII = Mn, Cd and VO
Authors: Bushiri M. Junaid , Antony C. J. , Fleck Michel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Raman and FTIR spectra of three metal guanidinium sulfates, [C(NH2)3]2MII(H2O)4(SO4)2, (MII = Mn, Cd and VO), are recorded. The observed spectral bands are assigned in terms of the fundamental modes of vibration of the guanidinium ions, sulfate groups and water molecules. The appearance of the sulfate tetrahedra's ν1 and ν2 modes in the IR spectra and the partial lifting of the ν4 mode in the Raman spectra indicate the distortion of the SO42− tetrahedra in the structure, so that its symmetry is lowered from Td to C1. The geometry of the sulfate group in guanidinium vanadyl sulfate does not deviate much from that of the average sulfate group. The distortion of the SO4 tetrahedra is stronger in GuCds than in GuMnS. The CN3 group in the guanidinium ion is planar (D3h point group) in GuCdS and GuMnS, whereas it is lowered in the vanadyl compound. Furthermore, the spectral analyses show the presence of weak hydrogen bonds in the structures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of biaxial load on stress and strain concentrations in a finite thickness elastic plate containing a circular hole
Authors: Yang Zheng , Cho Chongdu , Kim Chang‐Boo , Beom Hyeon Gyu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe elastic stress and strain fields of a finite thickness plate containing a circular hole subjected to a biaxial load are systematically investigated using the finite element method. It is found that the stress and strain concentration factors of the finite thickness plate are different even if the plate is in elasticity state. The maximum stress and strain concentration factors do not always occur on the mid plane of the plate. The maximum stress and strain concentration factors of the notch root increase from their plane stress value to their peak values, then decrease gradually with increasing thickness and tend to constant values related to the load biaxiality ratio, respectively. The stress and strain concentration factors at the notch root of free surface are the monotonic descent functions of thickness. Their values decrease rapidly and tend to lower the limit values related to the load biaxiality ratio with increasing plate thickness. The differences of stress and strain concentration factors between maximum and surface value increase rapidly and tend to constant values related to the load biaxiality ratio with increasing plate thickness. The smaller the load biaxiality ratio, the larger these differences. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact solutions of axial vibration problems of elastic bars
Authors: Ma Haitao 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhile exact solutions for linear static analysis of most frame structures can be obtained by the finite element method, it is very difficult to obtain exact solutions for free vibration and harmonic analyses for non‐trivial cases. This paper presents a study on new finite element formulation and algorithms for exact solutions of undamped axial vibration problems of elastic bars. Appropriate shape functions are constructed by using the homogeneous governing equations, and based on the new shape functions, a novel element is formulated. An iterative procedure is proposed for determining both the exact natural frequency values and the corresponding vibration mode shapes. Exact solutions can also be obtained for undamped harmonic response analyses by using the new element, as its stiffness and mass matrices are exact for a specified frequency. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed element and algorithm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytoplasmic proteome reference map for a glutamic acid‐producing Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14067
Authors: Li Liyuan , Wada Masaru , Yokota Atsushi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe constructed a cytoplasmic proteome reference map for a glutamic acid producing Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14067 by 2‐DE and protein identification by MALDI‐TOF‐MS and PMF using genome database of the type strain ATCC 13032. The map allowed us to identify 166 protein spots representing 139 different proteins. A considerable strain difference was observed in the proteomic images between strains ATCC 14067 and ATCC 13032 grown under the glutamic acid production conditions, suggesting the importance of strain‐specific reference map for proteomic analysis.
Friction studies on surface grinding of granite with a vitrified CBN wheel
Authors: Xu Xipeng , Du Cunji 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn investigation was undertaken to elucidate the interactions at the wheel–workpiece interface in the surface grinding of natural granite with a vitrified cubic boron nitride (CBN) wheel. During grinding, the spindle power and temperature responses were measured. Wear of the CBN wheel after grinding was followed using a digital imaging system. Specific energy was calculated according to the net grinding power and was found to increase with the depth of cut, indicating the action of sliding friction prevailing in the grinding. The ratio of the length of grinding zone to maximum undeformed chip thickness was proposed to include the effects of both size effect and sliding friction. Coupled with the grinding power and temperature responses, energy partitions to the workpiece were obtained and the grit tip temperature was estimated. Wear flats were found to dominate the wear of CBN in the grinding. In some cases, grit tip temperatures were found to be above the temperature of thermal stabilization of CBN. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A variational approach to the local character of G-closure: the convex case
Authors: Babadjian Jean-François , Barchiesi Marco 
Published: November 2007

This article is devoted to characterize all possible effective behaviors of composite materials by means of periodic homogenization. This is known as a

G

-closure problem. Under convexity and

p

-growth conditions (

p > 1

), it is proved that all such possible effective energy densities obtained by a

Γ

-convergence analysis, can be locally recovered by the pointwise limit of a sequence of periodic homogenized energy densities with prescribed volume fractions. A weaker locality result is also provided without any kind of convexity assumption and the zero level set of effective energy densities is characterized in terms of Young measures. A similar result is given for cell integrands which enables to propose new counter-examples to the validity of the cell formula in the nonconvex case and to the continuity of the determinant with respect to the two-scale convergence.

Résumé

Cet article est consacré à la caractérisation de toutes les limites effectives possibles de matériaux composites en terme d'homogénéisation périodique. Ce problème est connu sous le nom de

G

-fermeture. Il est démontré, sous des hypothèses de convexité et de croissance

p > 1

, que toutes ces densités d'énergies effectives, obtenues lors d'une analyse par

Γ

-convergence, peuvent être localement vues comme la limite ponctuelle d'une suite de densités d'énergies périodiquement homogénéisées avec une fraction de volume fixée. Un résultat plus faible est obtenu sans aucune hypothèse de convexité et l'ensemble des zéros de ce type de densités d'énergies effectives est caractérisé en terme de mesures d'Young. Un résultat similaire est donné pour des intégrandes cellulaires, permettant ainsi de proposer de nouveaux contre-exemples quant à la validité de la formule de cellule dans le cas non convexe, ainsi qu'à la continuité du déterminant par rapport à la convergence à double échelle.
Light fluence rate and chloroplasts are sources of signals controlling mesophyll cell morphogenesis and division
Authors: Tan Wesley , Bögre Laszlo , López‐Juez Enrique 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAs part of the acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus to high fluence rates of light, mesophyll (photosynthetic) leaf cells change in morphology (they elongate anticlinally or perpendicular to the leaf surface) and undergo extra cell divisions. This results in increased leaf thickness and internal, protective shading among chloroplasts. Here we have examined whether the chloroplasts themselves are sources of intracellular signals that trigger these changes, by monitoring the Arabidopsis thaliana chm1 variegated mutant, in which albino (chloroplast‐defective) and green (with functional chloroplasts) sectors coexist in one leaf. Our results have uncovered two separable responses. The increase in mesophyll cell elongation was substantially reduced but still observable in albino sectors, indicating that chloroplasts contribute to the cell morphogenesis response, but a chloroplast‐independent light sensory mechanism must exist. In contrast the change in number of mesophyll cell layers was completely abolished when plastids were dysfunctional, indicating that plastids are sole sources of signals for the cell division response. These data highlight the importance of plastid‐derived signals in the cellular responses associated with photosynthetic acclimation.
Screening for left ventricular systolic dysfunction in high‐risk patients in primary‐care: A cost‐benefit analysis
Authors: Goode Kevin M. , Clark Andrew L. , Bristow Janet A. , Sykes Kim B. , Cleland John G.F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate screening strategies are needed to cost effectively identify patients with undiagnosed and untreated left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).AimTo investigate the cost‐benefit of screening high‐risk patients in primary‐care for LVSD (EF<40%) using various screening strategies.MethodsPatients considered at high‐risk of developing LVSD were recruited from three primary‐care practices. Patients with known LVSD were excluded. Echocardiography, electrocardiography and blood tests were performed blinded to an NT‐proBNP result. Logistic regression (LR) and receiver‐operating characteristic analysis were used to assess the univariate and multivariable utility of NT‐proBNP, QRS duration, symptoms and evidence of myocardial infarction (MI) to detect LVSD.Results427 patients were assessed. 7.5% had undiagnosed LVSD. NT‐proBNP, QRS, symptoms and MI were independent predictors of LVSD (p<0.014) and the resultant LR‐model had an area‐under‐the‐curve of 0.89 (0.84–0.94) and specificity of 54% (51–79%) at a sensitivity of 100%. The LR‐model avoided 24.1% (18.1– 48.3%) of the cost and 50.1% (44.1–74.3%) of the echocardiograms compared to screening using echocardiography alone.ConclusionsScreening high‐risk groups in primary‐care increases the pick‐up rate for undiagnosed LVSD and using an LR‐model combining NT‐proBNP, QRS, symptoms and evidence of MI has significant cost benefits.
Estradiol suppresses NMU mRNA expression during sexual maturation in the female rat pituitary
Authors: Shimizu Fumi , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Iwasa Takeshi , Minakuchi Masahiro , Kuwahara Akira , Yasui Toshiyuki , Irahara Minoru 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNeuromedin U (NMU) suppresses food intake and gonadotropin secretion. However, the developmental transition of NMU expression in the pituitary gland and the regulation of NMU expression are unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the transition of the expression of NMU mRNA in the pituitary glands of female rats from the juvenile period to the mature period of development. Furthermore, factors such as estradiol, insulin, leptin, and inhibin A, whose expressions change throughout puberty and which affect gonadotropin secretion in pituitary cell culture, were examined. In the pituitary gland, the expression of NMU mRNA was significantly lower in 8‐week‐old rats than in 4‐ and 6‐week‐old rats. In the pituitary cell culture, the expressions of NMU mRNA in the estradiol‐ and insulin‐treated groups were significantly lower than in the control group. These results suggest that the expression of NMU mRNA in the female rat pituitary is reduced as the rats develop from the pubertal to the mature period. Additionally, the reduction of NMU expression in the pituitary may be related to the increases in serum estradiol and insulin levels that occur during the pubertal period, which may negate NMU suppression of gonadotropin secretion.
Variation in the Bemisia tabaci s. 1. species complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its natural enemies leading to successful biological control of Bemisia biotype B in the USA
Authors: Kirk A.A. , Lacey L.A. , Brown J.K. , Ciomperlik M.A. , Goolsby J.A. , Vacek D.C. , Wendel L.E. , Napompeth B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractParasitoids of the Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) species complex collected in Spain and Thailand were evaluated as biological control agents of B. tabacibiotype B in cole crops in Texas, USA. Parasitoids were identified by morphological and RAPD–PCR analyses. The most abundant parasitoid from Spain was Eretmocerus mundus Mercet with apparent field parasitism of 39–44%. In Thailand, Encarsia formosa Gahan, E. transvena Timberlake, E. adrianaeLopez-Avila, Eretmocerus sp. 1 and sp. 2 emerged, with apparent field parasitism of 1–65%. Identification and molecular classification of B. tabaciassociated with parasitoid collections and in the release site in Texas were accomplished using morphological traits and nucleotide sequence comparison of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) (700–720 bp). Collections of B. tabacifrom Thailand grouped separately from B types from Arizona and Florida and the target B type from Texas, USA, a cluster from India, and other New World B. tabaci. The Spanish B. tabaci host of E. mundus which was laboratory and field-tested to achieve biological control of the B type was most closely related to non-B type B. tabaci populations from Spain and Sudan, the latter which formed a second group within the larger clade that also contained the B type cluster. Laboratory tests indicated that E. mundus from Spain parasitized more B. tabaci type B than did Eretmocerus spp. native to Texas and other exotic parasitoids evaluated. Eretmocerus mundus from Spain also successfully parasitized B. tabaci type B when field-released in a 0.94 million ha test area in Texas, and has significantly enhanced control of B. tabaci type B in California, USA. In contrast, parasitoids from Thailand failed to establish in the field in Texas, collectively suggesting a positive correlation between the centres of diversity of compatible parasitoid–host complexes.
Population genetics ofGlossina morsitans submorsitans(Diptera: Glossinidae)
Authors: Krafsur E.S. , Madsen M. , Wohlford D.L. , Mihok S. , Griffiths N.T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBreeding structure ofGlossina morsitans submorsitansNewstead was evaluated by using genetic markers in mitochondrial DNA where diversity was scored at two loci in five natural populations from The Gambia and two populations in Ethiopia (formugandensisVanderplank), countries separated byc. 5450 km. Twenty six haplotype combinations were found, of which 17 were shared among two or more populations. Nine haplotypes were found in The Gambia and 23 haplotypes in Ethiopia. There were 12 unique haplotypes. Only six haplotypes were shared between the two countries. Populations in The Gambia (he= 0.26 ± 0.04) showed less than a third of the diversity of populations in Ethiopia (he= 0.84 ± 0.03). This suggests recovery from an earlier reduction in population. In a nested analysis of molecular variance of haplotype frequencies, 65%of the variance was due to differences within populations, 34% to differences between populations grouped by country, and only 1% was due to differences among populations within countries. In terms of gene flow, the fixation indexFST= 0.35, which leads to an estimate by Wright’s island model of less than one reproducing migrant per generation exchanged between the eastern and westernsubmorsitanspopulations. Nei’s genetic similarity measure showed a deep division between Gambian and Ethiopian populations.
Control ofGlossina longipennis(Diptera: Glossinidae) by insecticide-treated targets at Galana Ranch, Kenya, and confirmation of the role ofG.longipennisas a vector of cattle trypanosomiasis
Authors: Makumi J.N. , Stevenson P. , Green C.H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGlossina longipennisCorti was studied in Galana Ranch, Kenya over a four year period, in two areas (Tank E and Lali) where the species was abundant and other species were absent or scarce. There was active transmission of trypanosomiasis to cattle in both areas, the parasite species beingTrypanosoma vivaxZiemann andT. congolenseBroden. Mean infection rates of theG. longipenniswere 1.1% and 0.55% forT. vivaxandT. congolenserespectively at Tank E, and 0.88% and 0.15% at Lali. Experimental transmission studies showed that cattle in fly-proof enclosures challenged with wildG. longipenniscollected from Galana became infected with both trypanosome species. A tsetse control operation in one area (Tank E) using targets impregnated with deltamethrin in an oil formulation reduced the population ofG. longipennisby 98% over one year, despite evidence of re-invasion. Populations ofG. longipennisin the other area (Lali) were relatively stable over the whole study period. The effect of tsetse control on the incidence of cattle trypanosomiasis at Tank E was less clear than that on tsetse numbers, probably due to the lack of a sustained reduction in tsetse numbers. However, a significant relationship was demonstrated between fortnightly incidence measurements and electric net catches ofG. longipennisat Tank E. A further significant predictor of incidence was rainfall in the previous four to seven weeks. This study confirms the importance ofG. longipennisas a vector of bovine trypanosomiasis in areas where it is the predominant tsetse present.
Biological control ofBemisia argentifolii(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on poinsettia with inundative releases ofEretmocerus eremicus(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): does varying the weekly release rate affect control?
Authors: Hoddle M.S. , Sanderson J.P. , Van Driesche R.G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of varying weekly release rates of the parasitoidEretmocerus eremicusRose & Zolnerowich for control ofBemisia argentifoliiBellows & Perring on poinsettias was determined. Two variable release rate strategies forE. eremicuswere evaluated: a low–high and a high–low release regimen. In the low–high treatment, one female parasitoid was released per plant per week for seven weeks, then the release rate was increased to five female parasitoids per plant per week for the remaining seven weeks of the trial. In the high–low treatment, five female parasitoids per plant per week were released for the first seven weeks, then the release rate was reduced to one female parasitoid per plant per week for the final seven weeks of the trial. Both release rates averaged three female parasitoids per plant per week. Life-tables were made forB. argentifoliiin the presence and absence of parasitoids. In the absence ofE. eremicus, egg to adult survivorship forB. argentifoliiwas 65%. In low–high release greenhouses, average egg to adult survivorship forB. argentifoliiwas 6% and parasitism was 28%. In high–low greenhouses, average egg to adult survivorship forB. argentifoliiwas 5% and parasitism was 16%. Average net reproductive rates forB. argentifoliiin the absence of parasitoids was 17 indicating a rapidly increasing population. Net reproductive rates were 1.46 and 1.24 for low–high and high–low release greenhouses, respectively, indicating substantially reducedB. argentifoliipopulation growth. At week 14 of the trial, densities of live nymphs and pupae were lower in high–low greenhouses when compared to low–high greenhouses. Better whitefly control is achieved with inundative releases ofE. eremicuswhen this natural enemy acts as a predator as opposed to a parasitoid.
Impacts of canopy cover on soil termite assemblages in an agrisilvicultural system in southern Cameroon
Authors: Dibog L. , Eggleton P. , Norgrove L. , Bignell D.E. , Hauser S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTermites were sampled using randomized soil pits in 64 cropping plots, each 25 x 25 m, forming an experimental agrisilvicultural system in both a 6- and an 18-year-oldTerminalia ivorensisplantation, in which canopy cover, crop, cropping system and land preparation were the principal treatment variables. The treatments were established in April 1995 and sampling was carried out in November 1995, February 1996 and July 1996. A total of 82 termite species were found, of which 67 were soil-feeders. Overall termite abundance and the abundance of soil-feeders increased between November 1995 and July 1996, reaching a mean of nearly 6000 m-2. Pooling termite data from these sampling dates, in the old plantation, the high canopy cover treatment (192 stems ha-1) had a greater abundance of termites, compared with the low canopy cover treatment (64 stems ha-1) and this effect was independent of crop type (plantain or cocoyam), cropping system (single stands or mixed crops) and land preparation (mulch retained or burned, plantain only). The young tree plantation (same tree densities as in the old plantation) showed no significant difference in termite abundance between high and low canopy (levels of tree foliage) densities, though the high canopy sheltered a greater number of termites. Analysis of covariance showed that crop yield (both plantain and cocoyam) was not directly linked to the abundance of all termite populations, but that the cocoyam yield was positively correlated with the abundance of soil-feeding termites (the majority in the assemblage) in the young plantation. This may be due to the beneficial conditioning of soil resulting from the foraging and construction activities of soil-feeders.