bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Inorganic Ion Exchangers. VII. The Synthesis of γ-NH4ZrH(PO4)2 and Ion-exchange Properties of γ-Zr(HPO4)2·2H2O
Authors: Kobayashi Etsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conditions for the synthesis of γ-NH4ZrH(PO4)2 and the ion-exchange properties of γ-Zr(HPO4)2·2H2O were investigated. The influence of the mole ratio of MH2PO4 (M=Na, K, and NH4) to ZrOCl2 on the formation of γ-zirconium phosphate using NaH2PO4 as MH2PO4 was such that the γ-form was obtained not in the NaH2PO4/ZrOCl2 mole ratio of 4, but in are of 8.3 or more. In case of the Na or K salt, a non-stoichiometric compound, MxZrH2−x(PO4)2, was obtained. When using the NH4 salt, a stoichiometric compound was synthesized at 120–280 °C in accordance with the following equation: ZrOCl2+NH4H2PO4→NH4ZrH(PO4)2+NH4Cl+HCl+H2O. Using an autoclave lined with Hastelloy-B and equipped with a stirrer, the synthesis was carried out by a reaction at 150–160 °C for 18–54 h. γ-Zr(HPO4)2·2H2O was prepared from NH4ZrH(PO4)2, and its ion-exchange capacity at pH 4.5 and selectivity quotient toward alkali metals and ammonium ions were measured. The measured values increased in the order of Li+&lt;Cs+&lt;Na+&lt;K+&lt;NH4+.
Stereoselective Epoxidation of Allylic Alcohols and Dehydrogenative Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols by Means of t-Butyl Hydroperoxide and Aluminium Reagents
Authors: Takai Kazuhiko , Oshima Koichiro , Nozaki Hitosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of a solution of geraniol and (t-BuO)3Al in benzene with t-BuOOH at 5 °C gives (2R*, 3R*)-2,3-epoxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl acetate in 83% yield after acetylative workup. Eight allylic alcohols are converted to α,β-epoxy alcohols in preparative yields. The epoxidation of secondary (E)-allylic alcohols shows opposite stereoselectivities to t-BuOOH–VO(acac)2 system. Asymmetric epoxidation with a chiral hydroxamic acid as a ligand gives unsatisfactory degrees of enantiomeric excess. The same system can also convert secondary alcohols into ketones in excellent yields, while primary ones react very slowly.
Structures of Halogenated Chamigrene Derivatives, Minor Constituents from the Red Alga Laurencia nipponica Yamadan
Authors: Suzuki Minoru , Segawa Makoto , Suzuki Teruaki , Kurosawa Etsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three halogenated chamigrane-type sesquiterpenes have been isolated as the minor metabolites from the red alga Laurencia nipponica, collected at Sannai, near Wakkanai. The absolute structures of these compounds were confirmed by spectral and chemical methods.
The Volumetric Behavior of Several Ammonium Chlorides in Aqueous 18-Crown-6 Solutions
Authors: Harada Shigeharu , Sahara Hideko , Nakagawa Tsurutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The complexation of 18-crown-6 with primary ammonium chlorides [H(CH2)nNH3Cl, n=0, 1, 2, and 4] caused an increase in volume, which was attributable to the dehydration of the ammonium moieties. On the other hand, the apparent molal volumes of (CH3)4−nNHnCl (n=0–2) were not affected appreciably by the presence of the crown ether, and their complex stability seemed to be insignificant.
Effects of the Oxyethylene Chain Length of Fluorocarbon Surfactants on Demixing of Micelles of Fluorocarbon and Hydrocarbon Surfactants
Authors: Funasaki Noriaki , Hada Sakae , Neya Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The critical mole fraction of hydrocarbon surfactant decreases with an increase in the oxyethylene unit of either fluorocarbon surfactant or hydrocarbon surfactant. This tendency is explicable in terms of regular solution theory if the depth of water penetration into the micellar interior is assumed to increase with an increase in the oxyethylene unit.
Preparations and Strucutures of Silver(I) Complexes with cyclo(Glcyl-l-histidyl), cyclo(l-Methionyl-l-histidyl), and cyclo(l-Histidyl-l-histidyl)
Authors: Kojima Yoshitane , Yamashita Tetsushi , Ishino Yoshio , Hirashima Tsuneaki , Miwa Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structures of silver(I) complexes with cyclo(glycyl-l-histidyl), cyclo(l-methionyl-l-histidyl), and cyclo(l-histidyl-l-histidyl) were examined using 1H and 13C NMR. The NMR measurements suggest that the silver(I) ion links to the sulfur atom of thioether and the nitrogen atom of imidazole group of the above cyclic peptides, but not to their amide groups.
Synthesis of 2,2-Diphenyl-3-oxetanol Derivatives and Their Thermal or Acid-catalyzed Decomposition
Authors: Shimizu Nobujiro , Yamaoka Shintaro , Tsuno Yuho 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A series of five different 2,2-diphenyl-3-oxetanols was synthesized by photocycloaddition of benzophenone and enol trimethylsilyl ethers followed by protolysis of the resultant 3-trimethylsiloxyoxetanes. Thermal cleavage and acid-catalyzed rearrangement of these oxetanes are described.
Preparation of Aryltributyltin Having Electron-withdrawing Group by Palladium Catalyzed Reaction of Hexabutylditin with Aryl Iodide
Authors: Kosugi Masanori , Ohya Takao , Migita Toshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nitro-, acyl-, and cyanophenyltributyltin can be prepared by the reaction of hexabutylditin with the corresponding aryl iodide in the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.
Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Esters by Histidine-containing Linear and Cyclic Peptides
Authors: Kodaka Masato 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA) and p-nitrophenyl hexanoate (PNPH) catalyzed by several linear and cyclic peptides containing histidine and other amino acid residues was studied. The catalytic activity of the peptides was less than that of imidazole for PNPA and PNPH. On the other hand, in the presence of a cationic surfactant and a hydrophobic peptide the hydrolysis of PNPH was significantly enhanced.
A Rate Equation System Having a Mnemonic Function
Authors: Iwamoto Kazutoshi , Mitomo Shun-ichi , Sen\={o} Manabu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A chemical system having a mnemonic function is constructed and its behavior is analyzed. The system consists of a subsystem having seven steady states and, under suitable conditions, it stays in a stable steady state or in an oscillating state depending on the initial state. Moreover, the system can show an additional oscillating state around the oscillating state and transitions between two different oscillating states occur by a little change in a certain parameter value(input), which is the characteristic point in this system. Therefore, a response behavior of the system to an input differs drastically depending on the states, i.e., oscillating or stationary. This property could be related to appearance of a mnemonic function. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the system could be linked with an excitable subsystem to show more clearly the mnemonic function proposed here.
A Simple Pressurized High-temperature Proton NMR Apparatus for the Thermal Degradation of Polymers
Authors: Shimokawa Shigezo , Yamada Eiji , Makino Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple pressurized, externally heated, high-temperature proton NMR apparatus for the temperature range from 293 to 823 K and pressure range from 0.1 to 40 MPa is reported. The sample cell has a capillary opening and the vessel is pressurized by inert gas. An application of this apparatus to the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) is presented.
Infrared Intensities in Methyl Chloride. I. The Fundamental Bands
Authors: Kondo Shigeo , Koga Yoshinori , Nakanaga Taisuke , Saëki Shinnosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The integrated intensities of the fundamental bands of CH3Cl and CD3Cl molecules have been measured by the pressure broadening technique. The Coriolis intensity perturbation between ν3 and ν6 bands of CD3Cl has been analysed to determine the sign to be negative. The intensity analysis has been carried out to determine the correct signs of (∂p/∂Qi). The resulting signs are (−++) for A1 and (−+−) for E species. The (∂p/∂SjR) values as well as the atomic polar tensors have been obtained.
Mineralogical Characterization of the Reference Material of “Pond Sediment”
Authors: Iwata Yasuo , Haraguchi Hiroki , Van Loon Jon C , Fuwa Keiichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The identification of rock-forming and clay minerals contained in the reference material of “Pond Sediment” (Reference Material NIES No. 2 from the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan) has been made with X-ray diffraction method. It was found that the sediment contained α-quartz and feldspars as the principal components along with small quantity of pyroxenes, amphiboles, and some clay minerals. The sediment sample was treated chemically for extraction, and also separated with density and with grain sizes. Elemental compositions of such extracted or separated fractions of the sediment were determined by inductively coupled argon plasma emission and atomic absorption spectrometry. The identified minerals and the elemental distributions in the separated fractions helped to characterize the pond sediment.
Mössbauer and ESR Studies of Potassium Borophosphate Glasses
Authors: Nishida Tetsuaki , Miyamoto Yoshiaki , Takashima Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A linear decrease in isomer shifts of Fe3+ and Fe2+ was observed with an increase in alkali content of borophosphate glasses. The decrease is attributed to a change in the role of iron from a network modifier to a network former, or a decrease in the interatomic distance between iron and oxygen atoms. A linear decrease in quadrupole splitting and linewidth was also observed with increasing alkali content, and the decrease is attributed to the increased symmetry around iron nucleus. A linear decrease in relative absorption area of Fe2+ in Mössbauer spectra was also observed with increasing alkali content of the glasses. This result is attributed to an increased oxidation atmosphere brought about by alkali oxide into BPO4 units. Gamma-ray irradiation (1×108 R) experiments resulted in no change in these Mössbauer parameters, indicating that the glasses are less sensitive to γ-rays than borate or phosphate glasses. ESR absorption intensity of PO42− observed in γ-ray irradiated, iron-free borophosphate glasses increased linearly with an increase in the alkali content in the lower alkali region, and the increase is attributed to a linear increase in the fraction of non-bridging oxygen in PO4 tetrahedra constituting BPO4 (and PO4) units.
CIDEP Study of Durosemiquinone Radical in Various Solvents
Authors: Kanemoto Akihiko , Niizuma Sigeya , Konishi Siro , Kokubun Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
F-pair polarization and triplet mechanism (TM) polarization of durosemiquinone radical produced by light irradiation of duroquinone-phenol systems were discriminated at 260 K in a simple way based on the analysis of the enhancement factors in the steady-state method with intermittent light irradiation. Both polarizations are not so sensitive to viscosity or polarity of solvents. TM enhancement factor is nearly constant (−0.8) in wide range of viscosity (2.5–25 cP, 1 cP=0.001 Pa s). F-pair polarization is suppressed in some extent by halogenated solvents while TM polarization is not affected by such solvents.
Photooxidation of Some Aromatic Sulfonic Acids with Alkaline Hypochlorite
Authors: Kimura Makoto , Ogata Yoshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photochemical oxidation of aromatic sulfonic acids such as p-cumenesulfonic, 2-mesitylenesulfonic, 1- and 2-naphthalenesulfonic acids with aqueous sodium hypochlorite has been studied. Addition of a large excess of alkali enhances the decomposition of sulfonic acids remarkably. p-Cumenesulfonic and 2-mesitylenesulfonic acids are oxidized faster than 1- and 2-naphthalenesulfonic acids. The photooxidation of sulfonic acids with an equimolar amount of hypochlorite gives intermediary oxidation products involving desulfonation to parent hydrocarbons, aromatic hydroxylation, side-chain oxidation, and ring cleavage; e.g., p-cumenesulfonic acid gives cumene, 2- and 4-isopropylphenol and 2-phenyl-2-propanol; 1- and 2-naphthalenesulfonic acids give phthalic anhydride. Light-absorbing aromatic sulfonic acids sensitize the decomposition of hypochlorite ion leading to hydroxyl radical, which reacts mainly with ground state sulfonic acid to give radical intermediates. The photooxidation may also involve direct C–S bond fission of sulfonic acids.
Studies on the Polymerization of Acrolein Oxime. XVII. The Structure of the β-Form of the Bicyclic Trimer from Methacrylaldehyde Oxime
Authors: Ota Tadatoshi , Masuda Seizo , Tanaka Hitoshi , Inazawa Yasuo , Kido Masaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal oligomerization of methacrylaldehyde oxime leads to 2,4,7-trimethylperhydroisoxazolo[2,3-a]pyridine-2,7-dicarbaldehyde dioxime (1). The β-form of 1 was separated, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray analysis. It is monoclinic with space group P21/c, a=13.274(11), b=8.652(7), c=11.618(14) Å, β=96.73(8)°, and Z=4. The molecules are linked by two N···O hydrogen bonds, with the N(13)···O(14) and N(8)···O(18) distance of 2.824(5) and 2.897(5) Å respectively.
Furanosesquiterpenoids: Total Synthesis of Pallescensins 2, F, and G
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Usui Shuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxidation of the synthetic pallescensin 1 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid, followed by treatment of the resulting epoxide with lithium diethylamide, afforded 3-[2-(2-furyl)ethyl]-4,4-dimethyl-2-methylenecyclohexanol (6). The alcohol 6 was dehydrated with refluxing hexamethylphosphoric triamide to give pallescensin 2. Oxidation of 6 with pyridinium chlorochromate, followed by intramolecular cyclization with 85% phosphoric acid, afforded 5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a,10-octahydro-6,6-dimethyl-4H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]furan-9-one. This was converted into the corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketone (10) via an α-phenylseleno ketone. Reduction of 10 with lithium aluminium hydride, followed by dehydration with hexamethylphosphoric triamide at 200–210 °C, afforded pallescensin G, which was further isomerized to pallescensin F.
Synthetic Studies on the Validamycins. I. Synthesis of β-d-Glucopyranosylvalidamine: 1l-2-O-(β-d-Glucopyranosyl)-(1,3,4/2,6)-4-amino-6-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol
Authors: Ogawa Seiichiro , Shibata Yasuhito , Chida Noritaka , Suami Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
β-d-Glucopyranosylvalidamine, the structure of which had first been assigned to a degradation product of validamycin A, was synthesized by condensation of a protected validamine with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl bromide, followed by removal of protecting groups. The synthesized β-d-glucopyranoside was not identical with an authentic sample derived from the antibiotic.
Synthetic Studies on the Validamycins. II. Synthesis of 1l-1-O-(β-d-Glucopyranosyl)-(1,3,4/2,6)-4-amino-6-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol
Authors: Ogawa Seiichiro , Chida Noritaka , Ito Hiroyuki , Suami Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title β-d-glucopyranoside was synthesized via an unequivocal route and found to be identical with β-d-glucopyranosylvalidamine derived from antibiotic validamycin A. The position at which the validamine moiety is substituted with d-glucopyranose in validamycin A is revised to C-1 on the basis of the present synthesis.
Synthetic Studies on the Validamycins. III. Bromination of Dl-Tri-O-acetyl-(1,3/2)-4-methylene-5-cyclohexene-1,2,3-triol. Preparation of Several Branched-chain Unsaturated Cyclitols Related to Valienamine
Authors: Toyokuni Tatsushi , Abe Yasuo , Ogawa Seiichiro , Suami Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bromination of Dl-tri-O-acetyl-(1,3/2)-4-methylene-5-cyclohexene-1,2,3-triol with bromine in an appropriate solvent yielded mainly two 1,4-addition products, from which several branched-chain unsaturated cyclitols, related to biologically interesting valienamine, were selectively prepared. Reaction courses are discussed for the bromination of the diene and the debromination of the bromo(bromomethyl)cyclohexenetriol triacetates obtained under various conditions.
Effects of Divalent Metal Cations on Circular Dichroism and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Linear and Cyclic Peptides Having Side-chain Imidazolyl and Acetamido Groups
Authors: Kodaka Masato , Shimizu Toru , Hatano Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A linear peptide, N-t-butoxycarbonyl-S-acetamidomethyl-l-cysteinyl-d-leucyl-l-histidyl-S-acetamidomethyl-l-cysteinyl-d-leucyl-l-histidine methyl ester (1) was synthesized by the solid phase method. Subsequent cyclization by the azide method offered a cyclic peptide, cyclo-S-acetamidomethyl-l-cysteinyl-d-leucyl-l-histidyl-S-acetamidomethyl-l-cysteinyl-d-leucyl-l-histidyl (2). The circular dichroism (CD) and 1H NMR were observed for these peptides 1 and 2, in the absence and presence of metal cations, Zn(II), Ca(II), Mg(II). Spectral results for Zn(II) complexes indicated striking contrasts to those of Ca(II) and Mg(II) complexes. Thus, in H2O, the addition of Zn(II) caused CD spectral changes for both peptides, while Ca(II) and Mg(II) did not cause changes in any CD spectral region. In methanol, the additions of Zn(II) and Ca(II) caused CD changes, while the addition of Mg(II) did not cause any CD changes. The changes caused by adding Zn(II) were quite different from those by Ca(II), suggesting that Zn(II) is coordinated with the peptides in a mode different from that of Ca(II). 1H NMR data also suggested the different coordination mode between these two metal complexes in methanol.
Lewis Acid Mediated Synthesis of 2-Alkenenitriles Using C,N-Bis(trimethylsilyl)ketenimine and Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Matsuda Isamu , Okada Hisashi , Izumi Yusuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Substituted 2-alkenenitriles are obtained in the condensation reaction of carbonyl compounds with C,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)ketenimine in the presence of Lewis acid. The combination of tris(trimethylsilyl)ketenimine and aldehydes results in the high E-selective formation of 2-trimethylsilyl-2-alkenenitriles. Among some Lewis acids, magnesium bromide gives the best E-selectivity in the formation of 2-trimethylsilyl-2-undecenenitrile. Stereospecific protodesilylation of 2-trimethylsilyl-2-alkenenitriles in an aqueous methanol solution of potassium fluoride accomplishes a new route to (Z)-2-alkenenitriles from aldehydes.
Photochemical Nitrogen Extrusion of 5-Amino-1-vinyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,3-triazoles. Formation of Unusual Pyrroles
Authors: Ito Masato M , Nomura Yujiro , Takeuchi Yoshito , Tomoda Shuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photolysis of 4-alkyl-5-ammo-1-vinyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,3-triazoles gave not 3-alkylpyrroles, but unexpected 2-alkylpyrroles in 80–83% yields. 1-Vinylaziridines were assumed as a possible intermediate of this unusual pyrrole formation. In the photolysis of 7a-morpholino-1-styryl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, however, nitrogen extrusion did not occur, but trans-cis isomerization took place.
Hydrolysis of Some Chromogenic Substrates and Adenosine Triphoshate Catalyzed by Phosphodiesterase-phosphomonoesterase from Fusarium moniliforme
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Kawai Masayuki , Okimura Chiseko , Hirama Nobuyuki , Konno Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For comparison with known phosphodiesterases, the mode of action of phosphodiesterase-phosphomonoesterase from Fusarium moniliforme toward some key substrates was examined. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of either thymidine 3′-(4-nitrophenylphosphate) or thymidine 5′-(4-nitrophenylphosphate). The former substrate was hydrolyzed processively into thymidine, inorganic phosphate and 4-nitrophenol, whereas the latter was split into 4-nitrophenol and thymidine 5′-phosphate. The kinetic constants determined on the basis of 4-nitrophenol liberation were: Km=4.6 mmol dm−3 and kcat=115 s−1 for thymidine 3′-(4-nitrophenylphosphate); Km=0.46 mmol dm−3 and kcat=19.7 s−1 for thymidine 5′-(4-nitrophenylphosphate) at pH 5.3 and 37 °C. 4-Nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate was a good substrate for the enzyme showing kinetic constants Km=1.4 mmol dm−3 and kcat=360 s−1 at pH 5.3 and 37 °C. However, its chiral thio analogue, O-(4-nitrophenyl) phenylphosphonothioate, was hydrolyzed by the enzyme only very slowly in a stereo-nonspecific manner. The three phosphoryl groups in adenosine triphosphate was removed by the enzyme sequentially from the terminal position. These findings have made the uniqueness of Fusarium phosphodiesterase-phosphomonoesterase clearer.
Film Dichroism. VI. Linearly-polarized Absorption Spectra of Neutral and Divalent 3,6-Diaminoacridine Dyes in the Stretched Poly(vinyl alcohol) Film
Authors: Yamaoka Kiwamu , Shimadzu Mitsuaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The linear dichroic spectra of the neutral (uncharged) and divalent (doubly charged) Acridine Orange, Acridine Yellow, and Proflavine were measured at 25 °C in the visible and UV wavelength regions by the film dichroism method. These 3,6-disubstituted symmetric acridine dyes were molecularly dispersed in the heattreated poly(vinyl alcohol) film by the staining method. The neutral and divalent dye species were prepared by adding a sufficient amount of sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid to the staining dye solutions. The wavelength dependence of the reduced dichroism, ΔA/A, of the neutral species at a given stretch ratio was very similar to that of the monovalent species previously reported [Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 52, 3163 (1979)]. Values of ΔA/A for the divalent species were nearly constant over the entire wavelength region 550–220 nm. The long-axis and short-axis polarized component (Az and Ay) spectra were computed for the neutral dye species from the observed parallel- and perpendicular-polarized dichroic spectra by using a reduction procedure. The broad, principal band of each dye species in the visible region was deduced to be a composite of two orthogonal (a strong Az and a weak Ay) electronic transitions.
Crystal Structure and Related Properties of Phenothiazine Cation Radical-Hexachloroantimonate. Monoclinic(I) Form
Authors: Uchida Tokiko , Ito Masanori , Kozawa Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three forms of crystals were obtained from mixed solutions of phenothiazine and SbCl5; the crystal structure of the monoclinic(I) modification was determined using 2827 reflections at room temperature. Crystal data: (C12H9NS)+·SbCl6−, F.W.=533.7, monoclinic, a=16.253(3), b=14.334(1), c=15.786(3) Å, β=104.07(1)°, space group C2/c, Dm=2.00, Dx=1.99 g cm−3, Z=8, μ=25.73 cm−1 (Mo Kα). The structure was solved by the heavyatom method and refined by block-diagonal least-squares method to R=0.072. The crystal consists of phenothiazine cation radicals(PT+·) and hexachloroantimonate anions(SbCl6−), and every ion exists as a monomer in the crystal. Each SbCl6− forms a distorted octahedron. The two C–S distances of PT+· are 1.705 and 1.711 Å, and the C–S–C angle is 103.9°. The dihedral angle between the two outer phenyl rings of PT+· is 176.5°. From the ESR measurements of a single crystal, three principal g-values were determined: g1=2.003, g2=2.007 and g3=2.008. The direction of g1 is normal to the molecular plane of PT+·. These facts suggest some π-delocalization in the central ring of PT+·. Absorption spectra polarized parallel to the molecular plane of PT+· are very similar to the poly crystalline reflection spectra of PT+· salts obtained by other authors, and there are no intense bands in the spectra polarized perpendicular to PT+· molecular plane over the wave number range 10 to 27×103 cm−1.