bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discontinuation of Tube Feeding in Young Children by Hunger Provocation
Authors: Kindermann Angelika , Kneepkens Corneille Marie Francois , Stok Anita , van Dijk Elisabeth Maria , Engels Michelle , Douwes Adriaan Cornelis 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTObjectives:Pathological food refusal (PFR) is not rare in young children with chronic conditions requiring prolonged tube feeding. We investigated whether these children could be weaned from tube feeding with a multidisciplinary hunger provocation program.Patients and Methods:The study included children younger than 2 years with PFR who had been dependent on tube feeding for at least 3 months. They followed a multidisciplinary in‐hospital program. During step 1, only 50% of the normal allowance was given by tube. During step 2, oral feeding was offered and completed up to 50% with tube feeding afterwards. During step 3, supplementary tube feeding was given at night. During step 4, only insensible loss (400 mL/m2), was replaced. When the child had started eating, parents took over feeding (step 5). Primary endpoints were eating without tube feeding while gaining weight at 3 and 6 months after discharge.Results:Ten children (age 9–21 months; 7 girls) were exclusively tube fed for 7 to 19 months. Hospital stay lasted 9 to 33 days (mean 17.3 days). All children but 1 remained in clinically stable condition and started to eat within 1 week. Weight loss was 3.7% to 15.6% (mean 9.2%); in 1 child, the program was discontinued because of excessive weight loss. At follow‐up after 3 and 6 months, 9 of 10 and 8 of 10 children, respectively, were eating adequately and gaining weight without tube feeding. Two children with recurrent infections resumed partial (25%–50%) tube feeding during follow‐up.Conclusions:The multidisciplinary hunger provocation program seems to be a promising method to promote discontinuation of tube feeding in young children.
An Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade, MKK9-MPK6, Plays a Role in Leaf Senescence
Authors: Zhou Chunjiang , Cai Zhaohui , Guo Yongfeng , Gan Susheng 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Leaf senescence is a developmentally programmed cell death process that constitutes the final step of leaf development, and it can be regulated by multiple environmental cues and endogenous signals. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play diverse roles in intracellular and extracellular signaling in plants. Roles of the MAPK signaling module in leaf senescence are unknown. Here, a MAPK cascade involving MKK9-MPK6 is shown to play an important role in regulating leaf senescence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Both MKK9 and MPK6 possess kinase activities, with MPK6 an immediate target of MKK9, as revealed by in vitro, in vivo, and in planta assays. The constitutive and inducible overexpression of MKK9 causes premature senescence in leaves and in whole Arabidopsis plants. The premature senescence phenotype is suppressed when MKK9 is overexpressed in the mpk6 null background. When either MKK9 or MPK6 is knocked out, leaf senescence is delayed.
AtVPS45 Is a Positive Regulator of the SYP41/SYP61/VTI12 SNARE Complex Involved in Trafficking of Vacuolar Cargo
Authors: Zouhar Jan , Rojo Enrique , Bassham Diane C. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We report a functional characterization of AtVPS45 (for vacuolar protein sorting 45), a protein from the Sec1/Munc18 family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that interacts at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) with the SYP41/SYP61/VTI12 SNARE complex. A null allele of AtVPS45 was male gametophytic lethal, whereas stable RNA interference lines with reduced AtVPS45 protein levels had stunted growth but were viable and fertile. In the silenced lines, we observed defects in vacuole formation that correlated with a reduction in cell expansion and with autophagy-related defects in nutrient turnover. Moreover, transport of vacuolar cargo with carboxy-terminal vacuolar sorting determinants was blocked in the silenced lines, suggesting that AtVPS45 functions in vesicle trafficking to the vacuole. These trafficking defects are similar to those observed in vti12 mutants, supporting a functional relationship between AtVPS45 and VTI12. Consistent with this, we found a decrease in SYP41 protein levels coupled to the silencing of AtVPS45, pointing to instability and malfunction of the SYP41/SYP61/VTI12 SNARE complex in the absence of its cognate Sec1/Munc18 regulator. Based on its localization on the TGN, we hypothesized that AtVPS45 could be involved in membrane fusion of retrograde vesicles recycling vacuolar trafficking machinery. Indeed, in the AtVPS45-silenced plants, we found a striking alteration in the subcellular fractionation pattern of vacuolar sorting receptors, which are required for sorting of carboxy-terminal vacuolar sorting determinant-containing cargo. We propose that AtVPS45 is essential for recycling of the vacuolar sorting receptors back to the TGN and that blocking this step underlies the defects in vacuolar cargo trafficking observed in the silenced lines.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Ethylene Response Factor LeERF2 in the Expression of Ethylene Biosynthesis Genes Controls Ethylene Production in Tomato and Tobacco
Authors: Zhang Zhijin , Zhang Haiwen , Quan Ruidan , Wang Xue-Chen , Huang Rongfeng 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Fine-tuning of ethylene production plays an important role in developmental processes and in plant responses to stress, but very little is known about the regulation of ethylene response factor (ERF) proteins in ethylene biosynthesis genes and ethylene production. Identifying cis-acting elements and transcription factors that play a role in this process, therefore, is important. Previously, a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum [f. sp. Lycopersicon esculentum]) ERF protein, LeERF2, an allele of TERF2, was reported to confer ethylene triple response on plants. This paper reports the transcriptional modulation of LeERF2/TERF2 in ethylene biosynthesis in tomato and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Using overexpressing and antisense LeERF2/TERF2 transgenic tomato, we found that LeERF2/TERF2 is an important regulator in the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes and the production of ethylene. Expression analysis revealed that LeERF2/TERF2 is ethylene inducible, and ethylene production stimulated by ethylene was suppressed in antisense LeERF2/TERF2 transgenic tomato, indicating LeERF2/TERF2 to be a positive regulator in the feedback loop of ethylene induction. Further research showed that LeERF2/TERF2 conservatively modulates ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco and that such regulation in tobacco is associated with the elongation of the hypocotyl and insensitivity to abscisic acid and glucose during germination and seedling development. The effects on ethylene synthesis were similar to those of another ERF protein, TERF1, because TERF1 and LeERF2/TERF2 have overlapping roles in the transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in tobacco. Biochemical analysis showed that LeERF2/TERF2 interacted with GCC box in the promoter of NtACS3 and with dehydration-responsive element in the promoter of LeACO3, resulting in transcriptional activation of the genes for ethylene biosynthesis in tomato and tobacco, which is a novel regulatory function of ERF proteins in plant ethylene biosynthesis.
GRAS Proteins Form a DNA Binding Complex to Induce Gene Expression during Nodulation Signaling in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Hirsch Sibylle , Kim Jiyoung , Muñoz Alfonso , Heckmann Anne B. , Downie J. Allan , Oldroyd Giles E.D. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The symbiotic association of legumes with rhizobia involves bacterially derived Nod factor, which is sufficient to activate the formation of nodules on the roots of the host plant. Perception of Nod factor by root hair cells induces calcium oscillations that are a component of the Nod factor signal transduction pathway. Perception of the calcium oscillations is a function of a calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and this activates nodulation gene expression via two GRAS domain transcriptional regulators, Nodulation Signaling Pathway1 (NSP1) and NSP2, and an ERF transcription factor required for nodulation. Here, we show that NSP1 and NSP2 form a complex that is associated with the promoters of early nodulin genes. We show that NSP1 binds directly to ENOD promoters through the novel cis-element AATTT. While NSP1 shows direct binding to the ENOD11 promoter in vitro, this association in vivo requires NSP2. The NSP1-NSP2 association with the ENOD11 promoter is enhanced following Nod factor elicitation. Mutations in the domain of NSP2 responsible for its interaction with NSP1 highlight the significance of the NSP1-NSP2 heteropolymer for nodulation signaling. Our work reveals direct binding of a GRAS protein complex to DNA and highlights the importance of the NSP1-NSP2 complex for efficient nodulation in the model legume Medicago truncatula.
Practical digital asset management and the university library
Authors: Joint Nicholas 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the assertion that, because library‐managed institutional repositories (IRs) have successfully created specific collections of self‐archived textual papers produced by researchers in Higher Education organisations, the entire digital content of a university's network space can be managed by libraries as successfully as the contents of an IR. The system for achieving this is called a “digital asset management” system (DAMs).Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of a review of some recent writing on this topic combined with observations from library and information management practice.FindingsThe paper finds that “DAMs” systems are in reality very under‐developed. Libraries cannot implement ready‐made “DAMs” for universities in the same way that they can implement a library management system. However, they are well placed to use their institutional repository and general information management expertise to improve the DAMs practices of universities and should gradually start to promote better practice in this area.Research limitations/implicationsFurther investigation into the concept of DAMs is necessary to see how software innovations can push the idea forward.Practical implicationsGiven that DAMs are underdeveloped relative to their potential, practitioners should adopt a gradualist and incremental approach to the implementation of DAMs ideas.Originality/valueThe paper tries to present the concepts of DAMs against a background of everyday library and information practice.
The world of outreach
Authors: Gluibizzi Amanda K. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the outreach activities of the Fine Arts Library at Ohio State University.Design/methodology/approachOutreach at Ohio State is intended to have global impact, but successful outreach is often hampered by lack of partnerships, funding restrictions, and a monolithic approach to the patron. The paper reflects on each of these issues and discusses the strategies used by the Fine Arts Library to conduct outreach with user‐focus and budgets in mind.FindingsThe paper finds that there are techniques for outreach that involve small outputs of funds but have larger impacts. Moving past a “one size fits all” philosophy for outreach allows the Fine Arts Library to connect with the patrons it is best able to serve.Originality/valueWhile the phrase “think globally, act locally” is well‐known, it can often be forgotten in libraries, where the goal to reach as many people as possible is very important. This paper suggests that the returns on the local investment are incredibly important to the global missions of libraries.
Exploiting the social style of patrons to improve their satisfaction with the reference interview
Authors: Sisselman Peggy 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discover whether the social styles of patrons affects their perception (and librarians’ perception) of the quality of the reference interview. Also, whether learning to assess social styles of patrons improves perception of the quality of the reference interview.Design/methodology/approachThe researcher observed 24 reference interviews, assessed the social style of each patron using a checklist of behavioral characteristics; both patrons and librarians confidentially filled out a survey to assess the outcome of the reference interview.FindingsIt appears that the social style of patrons has some effect on how both librarians and patrons perceive the outcome of the reference interview. There also appears to be a correlation between the librarians’ awareness of the social styles of people and the outcome of the reference interview.Practical implicationsLiterature has not provided any data on how social style theory on the four social styles (analytical, expressive, driver, amiable) could be used to improve the reference interview.Originality/valueSocial style theory has been explored in academic settings and in the areas of marketing and sales, but not yet in public libraries.
Cognition in strategic decision making
Authors: McKenzie Jane , Woolf Nick , van Winkelen Christine , Morgan Clare 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to challenge an over‐reliance on past experience as the cognitive underpinning for strategic decisions. It seeks to argue that, in complex and unknowable conditions, effective leaders use three distinct and complementary thinking capacities, which go beyond those normally learned during their rise to the top.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model of thinking capacities is justified through a review of the psychology literature; the face validity of the proposed model is supported through six in‐depth interviews with successful CEOs.FindingsA model of non‐conventional thinking capacities describes how strategic decision‐makers make choices that are better adapted to the conditions of uncertainty, ambiguity and contradiction, which prevail in complex situations. These capacities are complementary to the more conventional approaches generally used in thinking about decisions.Practical implicationsThe paper aims to stimulate awareness of the limitations of habitual mental responses in the face of difficult strategic decisions. It challenges leaders consciously to extend their abilities beyond conventional expectations to a higher order of thinking that is better suited to multi‐stakeholder situations in complex environments.Originality/valueThe paper responds to the challenge of McKenna and Martin‐Smith to develop new theoretical approaches to complex environments. It extends conventional approaches to decision making by synthesising from the literature some essential thinking capacities, which are well suited to the demands of situations dominated by uncertainty, ambiguity and contradiction.
Structures of learning for dynamic markets
Authors: Murray Peter A. , Syed Jawad , Roberts Zeynep 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand why structures of learning underpin the creation of competencies that allow firms to compete more successfully in dynamic markets. The paper seeks to challenge the idea that, in the absence of learning, capabilities are the main source of competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the paper discusses the relationships between competencies, learning, and dynamic markets. Second, a preliminary analysis is conducted of the learning routines of 118 top sales managers. The results are compared with three different structures of learning, allowing conclusions to be drawn about learning in dynamic markets.FindingsThe study illustrates that a number of dynamic learning routines are not evident in the sales environments of dynamic markets. The findings suggest that firms are not well placed to renew routines from inside‐out and to respond to market dynamics. The patterns of integration among individuals and groups, however, seem to be well represented, reflecting higher‐level learning routines.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical findings offered here are of a preliminary nature. Future researchers might usefully apply the typology of learning structures to examine in more detail the empirical links established. Studies might also examine organisational learning in a variety of industrial and consumer‐based contexts.Originality/valueThe idea that learning structures (rather than capabilities themselves) are the basis of competencies that enable a firm to better respond to dynamic markets is a useful and novel approach.
Impact of insurers' product variety on performance across underwriting cycles
Authors: Elango B. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThis study sets out to focus on understanding the linkage between product variety and performance of property/casualty insurers during underwriting cycles.Design/methodology/approachThe study sample is based on 4,597 property/casualty (PC) insurers from the time period 2000‐2004. Insurers are categorized into two groups based on performance: insurers whose performance is above 0.1 standard deviation of the mean, and insurers whose performance is below 0.1 standard deviation of the mean. Later logistic regression models are used to determine the influence of product variety on the likelihood of an insurer falling into one of these groups.FindingsStudy findings indicate that insurers with greater product variety had lower performance than focused insurers during both phases of the cycle. Insurers with great product variety fared relatively better than focused insurers during the hard markets compared with soft markets.Originality/valueExtant research has presented significant evidence for the existence of underwriting cycles and factors causing such cycles. However, very little is known about factors that influence performance differentials across property/casualty insurers during underwriting cycles. Using real options theory, the study initially develops a rationale explaining how product variety reduces performance during an underwriting cycle and tests for the same. Study findings show that product variety aids performance of insurance firms in hard markets and soft markets, though more so in the former. In this particular instance, for firms seeking to reduce performance, it could well be that “not putting all your eggs in one basket” may not be a bad idea after all.
Jaguar lifts XF robot total to 179
Authors: Mortimer John 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how Jaguar Cars in the UK has increased the number of industrial robots at its XF body‐in‐white (BIW) facility at its Castle Bromwich site in the UK. This site has three BIW shops – one each for the XK sports car, the XF sports saloon and the XJ saloon. Both XK and XJ use aluminium‐intensive BIW structures. Castle Bromwich is Jaguar's principal manufacturing site alongside Halewood on Merseyside where the X‐Type continues to be built.Design/methodology/approachDescribes the major production line techniques that are used in the manufacture of the BIW structure of the XF vehicle, Jaguar's latest car. The BIW techniques include spot‐welding and ultrasonic weld inspection for parts assembly.FindingsOver the space of the last three or four years, Jaguar has increased significantly the stature of its UK manufacturing units with the aim of increasing productivity.Research limitations/implicationsJaguar Cars, part of the Indian conglomerate TATA, continually assesses all of the functions involved in the manufacture of a motor vehicle, and in this context is working both with its own plants as well as with suppliers of equipment and components to enhance production and quality processes. This includes all of the processes of joining steel and other materials using spot welding and adhesives. There is also much to be gained from the interchange of information between the various plants in the Jaguar/LandRover group with a view to implementing continuous improvement. The benefits achieved from one process in one particular plant are communicated to other facilities, again with the object of improving quality and productivity.Practical implicationsArising out of greater plant integration and utilization, it is likely the management of Jaguar Cars can further increase manufacturing efficiency at the Castle Bromwich site.Originality/valueJaguar Cars continues to rationalise its manufacturing processes, further integrating these production facilities with those of major component suppliers to produce a finished vehicle. There is a heavy concentration of robots within the BIW manufacturing facilities.
Robots boost for GMM van production
Authors: Mortimer John 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how General Motors (GM) Manufacturing has increased the number of installed robots at its Luton, Bedfordshire, UK van making facility as a means of increasing productivity.Design/methodology/approachAs a result of a study of industrial robots the decision was taken to install Fanuc robots to increase the level of automation. The robots are used mainly for spot welding, though some are used for handling large components.FindingsOver the space of the last four years or so the management of GM Manufacturing has been tackling constraints in the body shop using GMs' throughput improvement processes to achieve greater utilization of its facilities at a time of a gradually reducing workforce.Research limitations/implicationsGM has a process of continuous improvement, which it uses in most of the functions involved in the manufacture of motor vehicles. As part of this process, engineers continually examine ways of removing constraints on the shop floor. Many of these constraints are brought about by the old age of the plant and the confined nature of the equipment. The techniques of continuous improvement are being applied with the aim of bringing up the plant to the point that it is in the best position to win the contract for the next generation of compact light commercial van. If the Luton plant does not win this contract then it would have to examine means of manufacturing other niche vehicles that would allow the plant to continue operations. Alternatively, without further work the prospect facing the plant is closure. The importance of making improvements to ensure the future of the plant is crucial.Practical implicationsArising out of the increased robot population, the plant at Luton now has the capability for the first time to manufacture over 100,000 vans a year.Originality/valueFor the first time, Fanuc robots have been installed in a plant, which hitherto has used Comau Smart robots. By such a move, two types of robots are being used on the shop floor with the inevitable implications associated with two different control systems.
Larger is the key word at the latest IMTS show
Authors: Bloss Richard 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the International Manufacturing Technology Show in Chicago with emphasis on innovative robot applications on display.Design/methodology/approachIn‐depth interviews with exhibitors of robots as well as system integrators who apply robots to specific categories of applications.FindingsRobots are becoming smarter with more integrated capabilities such as vision and autonomous part picking from random bin locations. They are becoming more economical, faster and more application specific. Robot system integrators are creating more efficient solutions for customers to consider.Originality/valueThe paper is of value to users who investigated robot solutions in the past and found they did not meet applications requirements and who may need to revisit robotics. Robot builders and system integrators are providing more suitable solutions that can better address application needs in a more cost‐effective manner than ever before.