bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient and scalable process for helper‐dependent adenoviral vector production using polyethylenimine‐adenofection
Authors: Dormond E. , Meneses‐Acosta A. , Jacob D. , Durocher Y. , Gilbert R. , Perrier M. , Kamen A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSafety requirements for adenoviral gene therapy protocols have led to the development of the third generation of vectors commonly called helper‐dependent adenoviral vectors (HDVs). HDVs have demonstrated a high therapeutic potential; however, the poor efficiency and reliability of the actual production process hampers further large‐scale clinical evaluation of this new vector. The current HDV production methods involve a preliminary rescue step through transfection of adherent cell cultures by an HDV plasmid followed by a helper adenovirus (HV) infection. Amplification by serial co‐infection of complementary cells allows an increase in the HDV titer. Using a HEK293 FLP/frt cell system in suspension culture, an alternative protocol to the current transfection/infection procedure was evaluated. In this work, the adenofection uses the HDV plasmid linked to the HV with the help of polyethylenimine (PEI) and has shown to outperform standard protocols by producing higher HDV yield. The influence of complex composition on the HDV production was examined by a statistical design. The optimized adenofection and amplification conditions were successively performed to generate HDV at the 3 L bioreactor scale. Following only two serial co‐infection passages, up to 1.44 × 108 HDV infectious units/mL of culture were generated, which corresponded to 26% of the total particles produced. This production strategy, realized in cell suspension culture, reduced process duration and therefore the probability of vector recombination by introducing a cost‐effective transfection protocol, ensuring production of high‐quality vector stock. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 102: 800–810. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of oxygen uptake rate to monitor discovery of microbial and enzymatic biocatalysts
Authors: Dumsday Geoff J. , Ocal Gunseli , Bridger John S. , Zachariou Michael 
Published: September 2008

AbstractArising from the requirement for discovery of novel biocatalysts with unusual properties, a process was developed which uniquely combines aspects of continuous culture with the measurement of oxygen uptake. This adaptation of the chemostat can be used to facilitate the isolation of a number of microorganisms with desirable properties, particularly those with useful metabolic capabilities and/or enzymes. The technique was also used to provide feedback on the metabolic status of a microbial population and increase the feed flow rate (i.e., dilution rate) thereby enabling the isolation of microorganisms with enhanced 1,3‐propanediol dehydrogenase activity. The use of oxygen uptake as an indicator of cellular activity enables indirect measurement of substrate utilization and provides a real‐time online assessment of the status of microbial enrichment or evolutionary processes and provides an opportunity, through the use of feedback systems, to control these processes. To demonstrate the utility of the technique, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) was compared with a range of conventional analytical techniques that are typically used to monitor enrichment/evolutionary processes and showed good correlation. Further validation was demonstrated by monitoring a characterizable microbial population shift using OUR. The population change was confirmed using off‐line analytical techniques that are traditionally used to determine microbial activity. OUR was then used to monitor the enrichment of microorganisms capable of using a solvent (1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone) as the sole source of carbon for energy and biomass formation from a heterogeneous microbial population. After purification the microorganisms taken from the enrichment process were able to completely utilize 1 g L−1 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone within 24 h demonstrating that the technique had correctly indicated the enriched population was capable of growth on 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone. The technique improves on conventional microbial enrichment that utilizes continuous culture by providing a real‐time assessment of the enrichment process and the opportunity to use the OUR output for automated control and variation of one or more growth parameters. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 673‐683. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relevance vector machines for multivariate calibration purposes
Authors: Hernández Noslen , Talavera Isneri , Dago Angel , Biscay Rolando J. , Ferreira Marcia M. Castro , Porro Diana 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe introduction of support vector regression (SVR) and least square support vector machines (LS‐SVM) methods for regression purposes in the field of chemometrics has provided advantageous alternatives to the existing linear and nonlinear multivariate calibration (MVC) approaches. Relevance vector machines (RVMs) claim the advantages attributed to all the SVM‐based methods over many other regression methods. Additionally, it also exhibits advantages over the standard SVM‐based ones since: it is not necessary to estimate the error/margin trade‐off parameterCand the insensitivity parameter ε in regression tasks, it is applicable to arbitrary basis functions, the algorithm gives probability estimates seamlessly and offer, additionally, excellent sparseness capabilities, which can result in a simple and robust model for the estimation of different properties. This paper presents the use of RVMs as a nonlinear MVC method capable of dealing with ill‐posed problems. To study its behavior, three different chemometric benchmark datasets are considered, including both linear and non‐linear solutions. RVM was compared with other calibration approaches reported in the literature. Although RVM performance is comparable with the best results obtained by LS‐SVM, the final model achieved is sparser, so the prediction process is faster. Taking into account the other advantages attributed to RVMs, it can be concluded that this technique can be seen as a very promising option to solve nonlinear problems in MVC. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is the Hoveyda–Grubbs Complex a Vinylogous Fischer‐Type Carbene? Aromaticity‐Controlled Activity of Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Barbasiewicz Michał , Szadkowska Anna , Makal Anna , Jarzembska Katarzyna , Woźniak Krzysztof , Grela Karol 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThree naphthalene‐based analogues (4 a–c) of the Hoveyda–Grubbs metathesis catalyst exhibited immense differences in reactivity. Systematic structural and spectroscopic studies revealed that the ruthenafurane ring present in all 2‐isopropoxyarylidene chelates possesses some aromatic character, which inhibits catalyst activity. This aromatic stabilization within the chelate ring may be controlled by variation of the polycyclic core topology as was demonstrated for tetraline and phenanthrene derivatives (4 d, e). General conclusions about a new mode of ligand‐structure tuning in catalytic systems are presented.
A Convergent Approach to Biocompatible Polyglycerol “Click” Dendrons for the Synthesis of Modular Core–Shell Architectures and Their Transport Behavior
Authors: Wyszogrodzka Monika , Haag Rainer 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDendrimers are an important class of polymeric materials for a broad range of applications in which monodispersity and multivalency are of interest. Here we report on a highly efficient synthetic route towards bifunctional polyglycerol dendrons on a multigram scale. Commercially available triglycerol (1), which is highly biocompatible, was used as starting material. By applying Williamson ether synthesis followed by an ozonolysis/reduction procedure, glycerol‐based dendrons up to the fourth generation were prepared. The obtained products have a reactive core, which was further functionalized to the corresponding monoazido derivatives. By applying copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, so‐called “click” coupling, a library of core–shell architectures was prepared. After removal of the 1,2‐diol protecting groups, water‐soluble core–shell architectures 24–27 of different generations were obtained in high yields. In the structure–transport relationship with Nile red we observe a clear dependence on core size and generation of the polyglycerol dendrons.
Novel Guanidine‐Containing Molecular Transporters Based on Lactose Scaffolds: Lipophilicity Effect on the Intracellular Organellar Selectivity
Authors: Biswas Goutam , Jeon Ock‐Youm , Lee Woo Sirl , Kim Dong‐Chan , Kim Kyong‐Tai , Lee Suho , Chang Sunghoe , Chung Sung‐Kee 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe have synthesized two lactose‐based molecular transporters, each containing seven guanidine residues attached to the lactose scaffold through ω‐aminocarboxylate linker chains of two different lengths, and have examined their cellular uptakes and intracellular and organellar localizations in HeLa cells, as well as their tissue distributions in mice. Both molecular transporters showed higher cellular uptake efficiencies than Arg8, and wide tissue distributions including the brain. Mitochondrial localization is of special interest because of its potential relevance to “mitochondrial diseases”. Interestingly, it has been found that the intracellular localization sites of the G7 molecular transporters—namely either mitochondria or lysosomes and endocytic vesicles—are largely determined by the linker chain lengths, or their associated lipophilicities.
Enhanced neurogenesis and cell migration following focal ischemia and peripheral stimulation in mice
Authors: Li Wen‐Lei , Yu Shan Ping , Ogle Molly E. , Ding Xin Sheng , Wei Ling 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPeripheral stimulation and physical therapy can promote neurovascular plasticity and functional recovery after CNS disorders such as ischemic stroke. Using a rodent model of whisker‐barrel cortex stroke, we have previously demonstrated that whisker activity promotes angiogenesis in the penumbra of the ischemic barrel cortex. This study explored the potential of increased peripheral activity to promote neurogenesis and neural progenitor migration toward the ischemic barrel cortex. Three days after focal barrel cortex ischemia in adult mice, whiskers were manually stimulated (15 min × 3 times/day) to enhance afferent signals to the ischemic barrel cortex. 5‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU, i.p.) was administered once daily to label newborn cells. At 14 days after stroke, whisker stimulation significantly increased vascular endothelial growth factor and stromal‐derived factor‐1 expression in the penumbra. The whisker stimulation animals showed increased doublecortin (DCX) positive and DCX/BrdU‐positive cells in the ipsilateral corpus of the white matter but no increase in BrdU‐positive cells in the subventricular zone, suggesting a selective effect on neuroblast migration. Neurogenesis indicated by neuronal nuclear protein and BrdU double staining was also enhanced by whisker stimulation in the penumbra at 30 days after stroke. Local cerebral blood flow was better recovered in mice that received whisker stimulation. It is suggested that the enriched microenvironment created by specific peripheral stimulation increases regenerative responses in the postischemic brain and may benefit long‐term functional recovery from ischemic stroke. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Lewis Base Adducts of Heavier Group 13 Halohydrides – Not Just Aspiring Trihydrides!
Authors: Alexander Sean G. , Cole Marcus L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe chemistries of the heavier group 13 halohydrides have been scarcely studied relative to those of their trihydride and trihalide counterparts. This short review summarises the literature concerning these compounds and seeks to highlight their distinct reactivities such that they may find increasing application in other fields of science. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Optimal sampling frequency for volatility forecast models for the Indian stock markets
Authors: Bhattacharyya Malay , Kumar M Dileep , Kumar Ramesh 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper evaluates the performance of conditional variance models using high‐frequency data of the National Stock Index (S&P CNX NIFTY) and attempts to determine the optimal sampling frequency for the best daily volatility forecast. A linear combination of the realized volatilities calculated at two different frequencies is used as benchmark to evaluate the volatility forecasting ability of the conditional variance models (GARCH (1, 1)) at different sampling frequencies. From the analysis, it is found that sampling at 30 minutes gives the best forecast for daily volatility. The forecasting ability of these models is deteriorated, however, by the non‐normal property of mean adjusted returns, which is an assumption in conditional variance models. Nevertheless, the optimum frequency remained the same even in the case of different models (EGARCH and PARCH) and different error distribution (generalized error distribution, GED) where the error is reduced to a certain extent by incorporating the asymmetric effect on volatility. Our analysis also suggests that GARCH models with GED innovations or EGRACH and PARCH models would give better estimates of volatility with lower forecast error estimates. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are all crowds equally wise? a comparison of political election forecasts by experts and the public
Authors: Sjöberg Lennart 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFour groups made forecasts of the outcome of the Swedish Parliamentary election in the fall of 2006. They consisted of members of the public, political scientists, journalists writing about domestic politics in Swedish daily newspapers, and journalists who were editing sections of readers' letters in daily newspapers. They estimated, using a 12‐step category scale, which percentage of the votes that they believed seven parties would get in the election. Data were then obtained on the outcome of the election, and on the two opinions polls closest in time to it. When median forecasts were compared across groups, it was found that the group from the public was most successful in forecasting the outcome of the election. This was in spite of the fact that the median error made by individual members of that group was about 50% larger than the median error made by members of other groups. The two polls were less efficient than the group from the public and overestimated the span between the incumbent government and the opposition by a factor of 2. The members of the public and journalists showed some wishful thinking in their forecasts. There were large and consistent individual differences in forecasting ability. Men performed better than women, as did those who expressed more interest and knowledge in politics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agitation in the morning: symptom of depression in dementia?
Authors: Theison Anna‐Katharina , Geisthoff Urban W. , Förstl Hans , Schröder Stefan G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the possible correlations between depression in dementia and agitation in the morning by a prospective naturalistic study.MethodsData were collected from three independent nursing homes in an urban setting. Trained nursing home staff pre‐selected 110 demented and agitated patients with a minimum age of 60 years. Three main groups were formed based on agitation peak either: in the morning, evening or none. Each is respectively: ‘sunrisers’, ‘sundowners’ and ‘constants’. Agitation was assessed by the same staff twice a day for a 2‐week timeframe using the CMAI (Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory); MMSE (Mini‐Mental State Examination) for dementia re‐evaluation and staging; CSDD (Cornell Score for Depression in Dementia) for depression screening.ResultsSixty‐three (60%) of all patients were depressive but only 16 patients of them were treated with antidepressants. Forty‐four patients were classified as belonging to the ‘sunriser’ group, 38 to the ‘sundowners’ and 23 to the ‘constants’. There were no significant differences in depression between the three groups: p = 0.798 for the difference in proportion of depressed or not depressed people; p = 0.272 for the difference in raw Cornell‐score between agitation in the morning and evening.Conclusion‘Sunrising’ appears to play an important role in dementia. In our population agitation was slightly more common in the morning than in the evening, but peak of agitation does not seem to be related to depression in dementia. Our data supports that the diagnosis of depression is still often overlooked in demented and agitated persons. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective health‐related quality of life of Chinese older persons with depression in Shanghai and Hong Kong: relationship to clinical factors, level of functioning and social support
Authors: Chan Sally , Jia Shoumei , Chiu Helen , Chien Wai‐Tong , R. Thompson David , Hu Yan , Lam Linda 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAimThis study aimed to measure and compare the perceptions of HRQoL amongst Chinese older people with depression between Hong Kong and Shanghai and to explore the association of HRQoL with clinical factors, level of functioning and social support in the two sites.Methods and ResultsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 80 older people from Hong Kong and 71 from Shanghai with a diagnosis of depression. The results showed that both the Hong Kong and Shanghai groups had a poor perception of their HRQoL when compared with Caucasian populations. The Shanghai group had a significantly higher HRQoL perception than did the Hong Kong group. Physical health problems that affected functional abilities also influenced older people's satisfaction with life. The severity of depression, number of medical conditions, functional abilities and satisfaction towards social support were predictors of HRQoL.ConclusionThe high rate of depression in Hong Kong and Shanghai deserves attention. Older people with depression have both psychological and physical health care needs. This study provides insights for healthcare professionals to plan innovative and co‐ordinated services that meet the various health care needs of older people with depression. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of economic incentives on reported disability status
Authors: Gannon Brenda 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSelf‐reported disability status is often relied upon in labour force participation models, but this may be reported with error for economic or psychological reasons and can lead to a bias in the effect of disability on participation. In this paper, we explore the possibility that reported limitations in daily activities are mis‐reported, in particular for those who define their labour force status as disabled/ill, and assess if economic incentives influence this group to mis‐report. The main questions we wish to address therefore are: (1) was there state‐dependent reporting error and did economic incentives play a role, and (2) did this change over the years 1995–2001? Using a generalised ordered response model, we compute cleansed measures of disability that correspond to predicted responses individuals would have made if employed. Unobserved differences between the employed and non‐employed may exist; therefore, we control for this via correlated random effects. The results indicate that the disabled/ill group did over‐report and the difference between actual and predicted probabilities only marginally changed between 1995 and 2001. The extent of this measurement error is lower once we control for unobserved heterogeneity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional profiling identifies an interferon‐associated host immune response in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: Wenzel Joerg , Tomiuk Stefan , Zahn Sabine , Küsters Daniel , Vahsen Anja , Wiechert Andreas , Mikus Sandra , Birth Michael , Scheler Marina , von Bubnoff Dagmar , Baron Jens M. , Merk Hans F. , Mauch Cornelia , Krieg Thomas , Bieber Thomas , Bosio Andreas , Hofmann Kay , Tüting Thomas , Peters Bettina 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) represent the 2 most common types of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Both derive from keratinocytes but show a distinct biological behavior. Here we present transcriptional profiling data of a large cohort of tumor patients (SCC, n = 42; BCC, n = 114). Differentially expressed genes reflect known features of SCC and BCC including the typical cytokeratin pattern as well as upregulation of characteristic cell proliferation genes. Additionally, we found increased expression of interferon (IFN)‐regulated genes (including IFI27, IFI30, Mx1, IRF1 and CXCL9) in SCC, and to a lower extent in BCC. The expression of IFN‐regulated genes correlated with the extent of the lesional immune‐cell infiltrate. Immunohistological examinations confirmed the expression of IFN‐regulated genes in association with a CXCR3+ cytotoxic inflammatory infiltrate on the protein level. Of note, a small subset of SCC samples with low expression of IFN‐regulated genes included most organ transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive medication. Collectively, our findings support the concept that IFN‐associated host responses play an important role in tumor immunosurveillance in the skin. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of prostate, breast and colorectal cancer after skin cancer diagnosis
Authors: Levi Fabio , Randimbison Lalao , Te Van‐Cong , Conconi Manuela Maspoli , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractUltraviolet radiation is the major cause of skin cancer, but promotes vitamin D synthesis, and vitamin D has been inversely related to the risk of several common cancers including prostate, breast and colorectum. We therefore computed the incidence of prostate, breast and colorectal cancer following skin cancer using the datasets of the Swiss cancer Registries of Vaud and Neuchâtel. Between 1974 and 2005, 6,985 histologically confirmed squamous cell skin cancers, 21,046 basal cell carcinomas and 3,346 cutaneous malignant melanomas were registered, and followed up to the end of 2005 for the occurrence of second primary cancer of the prostate, breast and colorectum. Overall, 680 prostate cancers were observed versus 568.3 expected (standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.29), 440 breast cancers were observed versus 371.5 expected (SIR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08–1.30) and 535 colorectal cancers were observed versus 464.6 expected (SIR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06–1.25). When basal cell, squamous cell and skin melanoma were considered separately, all the SIRs for prostate, breast and colorectal cancers were around or slightly above unity. Likewise, the results were consistent across strata of age at skin cancer diagnosis and location (head and neck versus others), and for male and female colorectal cancers. These findings, based on a population with a long tradition of systematic histologic examination of all surgically treated skin lesions, do not support the hypothesis that prostate, breast and colorectal cancer risk is decreased following skin cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.