bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of witchcraft and indigenous shrines among the Akan
Authors: Parish Jane 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis article deals with Akan perceptions of witchcraft at two different anti-witchcraft shrines. It is argued that contemporary fears about witchcraft symbolise moral uncertainties about identity, sociability and materialism. These ideas are expressed by means of a highly self-reflexive critique of the concepts of social admiration and transcultural consumption.
Geometric Designs on Mimbres Bowls: (The Gunnison Collection, IX)
Authors: Hurst C. T. 
Published: April 2006

In a series of eight former articles, published elsewhere, the writer has described the designs on many of the prehistoric pottery vessels in the collection of the Museum of Archaeology of The Western State College of Colorado Of these eight articles, the last three1 have dealt with the designs on Mimbres vessels. Of the thirty-four vessels of this culture illustrated in these three papers, all but eight show naturalistic art in their decoration. The present, and subsequent papers will deal with geometric forms exclusively.The Mimbres culture developed in southwestern New Mexico in the valley of the Mimbres River and adjacent regions. It is one of the smallest of the more or less definitely delimited southwestern culture areas. From the standpoint of variety of design, the black-on-white type of pottery reached its greatest degree of specialization in this region in prehistoric times.
A Shell Collar from Puerto Rico
Authors: Montalvo Guenard J. L. 
Published: April 2006

While the stone collars of Puerto Rico are well known none has been reported of other materials. The writer, however, has in his collection a collar of shell in the shape of a slender stone collar. I t has been made out of the top portion of one of the so-called giant conch shells, so common in this island. The shell is of the same kind as those from which shell cups were constructed.The specimen measures 7¼ inches in height and 5¼ inches in its greater width. Its thickness varies from 1 inch to nearly ¼ inch, being thicker at the junction of the shoulder and the decorated panel, where the arch is almost round. It is pear-shaped in its general outline, with the central opening, also of pear shape, surrounded by an almost flat band, an inch wide, which forms the shoulder and the decorated and undecorated panels above it (Fig. 53).
Observations on the Butchering Technique of Some Aboriginal Peoples: I
Authors: White Theodore E. 
Published: April 2006

During the identification of the osteological material from two archaeological sites (39FA23 and 39FA83) in the Angostura Reservoir basin, South Dakota, the distribution of the various elements began to assume a pattern which invited closer examination on the chance that inferences might be drawn concerning the method of preparing the carcass for food.Although the numerical count of the elements is subject to the accidents of preservation and the size of the excavation, the distribution of the various elements from an excavation which meets the archaeological requirements is probably a reasonably accurate reflection of the parts brought into camp, since one element has as good a chance of being preserved as another.
Another Maya Falsification
Authors: Ramos César Lizardi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe claims of antiquity and authenticity made for the Manuscrito pictorico de la Cultura Maya sobre piel de mamifero are false. It contains many elements and scenes copied from a variety of sources, Mixtec, Aztec, Teotihuacan, as well as Maya. Numerals are used in meaningless fashion; many copied items are obviously misunderstood.
Tradition Trend in Ceramic Development
Authors: Willey Gordon R. 
Published: April 2006

Arecent Paper by Sears (1952) calls attention to an overall time trend in the design changes of various complicated stamped pottery styles in the southeastern United States. His analysis raises the question as to whether certain principles implied might not have more general application for the understanding of historical phenomena.
A number of years ago I ventured a definition of what seemed to be a kind of entity in the history of aboriginal Peruvian ceramics. This was termed a “pottery tradition.”
Fraser River Delta Archaeological Findings
Authors: Borden Charles E. 
Published: April 2006

Our findings to date indicate that the archaeology of the Fraser Delta region is far more complicated than Harlan I. Smith or even Philip Drucker anticipated. Every major site investigated so far has a distinctive character. At some of them culture sequences are clearly apparent.Harpoon points are being recognized as important diagnostic elements. Three main classes can be distinguished: 1, barbed harpoons with tang (Pt. Grey, Marpole); 2, one-piece toggles (Locarno Beach); 3, twopiece toggles (Whalen, Musqueam). Two-piece toggles are present at sites with historic (Musqueam) and protohistoric (Whalen) horizons, but conspicuously absent at sites where very old (500 + years) coniferous trees grow on the deposits (Pt. Grey, Marpole, and probably Locarno Beach).
Observations on the Butchering Technique of Some Aboriginal Peoples No. 2
Authors: White Theodore E. 
Published: April 2006

In a brief report, which was read before the 8th Conference for Plains Archeology by George Metcalf, 1 attempted to reconstruct the procedure by which the carcass of an antelope was prepared for food. The inferences thus drawn were based upon the ratio of the various elements to each other and to the greatest number of individuals represented, as well as the location of the breaks or cuts in the bones. Since the antelope is one of the smaller food animals and could be moved to a convenient butchering place, the question immediately posed itself: “How would size affect the butchering technique since a bison must necessatily be butchered where it is killed?“The bison bone which provides the basis for this study was collected during the excavation of two archaeological sites near Pierre, South Dakota. The Dodd site was a multi-component village, but there was evidence of only a single cultural complex at the Phillips Ranch site (Lehmer, 1952).
An Unusual Pueblo III Ruin, Mesa Verde, Colorado
Authors: Luebben Ralph A. , Herold Laurence , Rohn Arthur 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSite 52, a possible platform mound, is unusually situated near the bottom of a draw rather than along the ridge of Chapin Mesa. Complete excavation of the small surface structure yielded two distinct levels of construction and several architectural phenomena which previously had not been reported from San Juan Anasazi sites. A rectangle of multiple-coursed masonry was built on a sloped, irregular ground surface. An interior crosswall with a floor level opening, a raised circular floor feature, two peripheral stepped abutments on opposite sides, and a complex of masonry walls and external alignments on the third side were added to the basic rectangle. The second construction level utilized what appeared to be intentional interior and exterior fill as a base, and two alignments further subdivided the rectangle. Two rubble-filled abutments were appended externally to the fourth wall of the rectangle. Artifacts were rarely found. Solid, continuously built coursed masonry, construction techniques, and pottery types suggest that Site 52 was built during Pueblo III and may have been a platform mound of ceremonial significance.
The Lucy Site in Central New Mexico
Authors: Roosa William B. 
Published: April 2006

The Lucy site in the Estancia Valley of central New Mexico promises to be an important locality for Early Man. Excavations were conducted there in the summer of 1954 as part of the University of New Mexico Field Sessions, directed by Frank C. Hibben. Much of the field work was done by Thomas B. Hughes and William B. Roosa, who acted as foreman. Other students who worked at the site are Erica Child, George Hopkins, Charles McNutt, Stewart Peckham, Octavio Romano, Russell Schorsch, and Gretchen Steiner.The Lucy site was discovered by K. W. (Sambo) Kendall of Willard. It consists of a series of sand blowout areas south of Lucy. The site is in the head of a broad valley well above the shoreline of Pleistocene Lake Estanc'a and appears to have been a series of former ponds or springs. The Estancia Valley, especially around Willard, has a great many blowouts which contain early types of projectile points.
Maya Blue: Alternative Hypotheses
Authors: Shepard Anna O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAlthough the stability of the pigment, Maya blue, indicates to Gettens that the blue colorant as well as the attapulgite clay base of the pigment is inorganic, the optical properties and thermal behavior of the pigment suggest the alternative hypothesis that Maya blue is a clay-organic complex with an organic colorant in an inorganic base of attapulgite clay.
The Antiquity of Pottery in the Northeast
Authors: Ritchie William A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRadiocarbon dates indicate the beginning of fiber-tempered pottery in Georgia and Florida around 2000 B.C. In discussing the relative antiquity of ceramics in the Southeast and Northeast, Bullen rejects a radiocarbon date of 2448 B.C. for Vinette 1 pottery from the Hunter site, New York, because of dubious association of pottery and burial complex. The association is shown to be secure, but a new gas-method radiocarbon date of 841 B.C. for the same sample, removes the difficulty, and establishes an approximate age of 1000 B.C. for the earliest known Northeastern ceramics.
Omaha Kinship Terminology and Spruce-Fir Pollen
Authors: Quimby George I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo points raised in a review of Indian Life in the Upper Great Lakes are discussed. The points questioned were statements about Winnebago social organization and the late glacial and early postglacial vegetation of the Upper Great Lakes. A review of the available evidence suggests that the Winnebago had an Omaha type of kinship system and that the late glacial and early post-glacial vegetation included spruce and fir or spruce and deciduous trees with coeval differences of vegetation being due to factors of soil, drainage, light, elevation, and pioneering ability instead of climate.
Microblades at Cahokia, Illinois
Authors: Mason Ronald J. , Perino Gregory 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSmall blades, blade tools, and cores recently found at the Cahokia site, Illinois, represent a microblade industry probably affiliated with the Old Village stage of Middle Mississippian. The artifacts are described, and attempts to assess their probable functions are discussed. The available comparative evidence is insufficient to demonstrate the degree of historical relationship, if any, between this newly defined industry and such other blade industries in the eastern United States as Poverty Point and Hopewell.
A Word to the Wise: Microfilm Projection at Home
Authors: Seng Peter J. 
Published: April 2006

Research projects that require extensive reading of microfilms can be frustrating and exhausting, as most Renaissance scholars well know. Some scholars already know, but many do not, that an ordinary color-slide projector can easily be converted into a machine for reading microfilms at home. All that is required is the construction of a simple film-holder or frame, through which microfilm may be continuously threaded, to replace the color-slide-holder of the ordinary home projector.The design of the frame for holding the film must be modified to fit the particular brand of projector used, but the general principles of that design would seem to be constant: a flat sleeve of some stiff material like heavy cardboard, into which have been cut ‘windows’ approximately the size of a 35 mm.
Spanish Secular Vocal Music of The Sixteenth Century
Authors: Pope Isabel 
Published: April 2006

Two types of secular vocal music were cultivated in Spain during the sixteenth century: unaccompanied polyphonic songs and solo songs with instrumental accompaniment. The compositions for unaccompanied voices have been preserved principally in musical anthologies, the Cancioneros. Many remain anonymous, but recent investigations have disclosed new names and made possible new and more complete attributions. A number of the composers were chiefly celebrated for their religious works. Usually they were attached to the Royal Chapels in the Peninsula itself or in the Kingdom of Naples. Later in the century Spanish composers lived much abroad holding posts at various Italian courts or at the Imperial Court in Vienna. The great trio, Morales, Guerrero, Victoria wrote little or no secular music.A considerable literature of solo songs with instrumental accompaniment has been preserved in the very numerous collections of music for the vihuela. This instrument, shaped very like the guitar, with narrow waist and flat back, was designed, however, for the performance of complicated contrapuntal music such as was played more generally at that time on the lute.
The Lost Translation Made by Ambrosius Traversarius of the Orations of Gregory Nazianzene
Authors: Way Agnes Clare 
Published: April 2006

From letters of Ambrosius Traversarius, edited by Cannetus and published with the Vita Ambrosii Traversarii of Mehus, it is known that Ambrosius Traversarius translated the Vita Gregorii Nazianzeni written by Gregorius Presbyter and also four orations of Gregory Nazianzene, numbers 18, De Obitu Patris, and 6, 23, and 22, the three orations De Pace. The Vita with its dedicatory letter is preserved in at least eight manuscripts, but no trace of the orations has been found. Our information concerning the translation of the orations comes from the letters written by Ambrosius in the year 1436.Scholars interested in Ambrosius Traversarius have uncovered no further information on these Latin translations. Ludwig Bertalot found twelve additional letters not contained in the collection of Cannetus.
Aulus Gellius: A Post-Praefatio
Authors: Schoeck R. J. 
Published: April 2006

My brief note on Sir Thomas More's reading and use of Aulus Gellius did not pretend to be a complete survey of the fortunes of the Nodes Atticae in the Renaissance; nonetheless it should have made reference to Hans Baron's important essay on Aulus Gellius in the Middle Ages and the Italian Renaissance. Echoing Professor Baron's statement that ‘the study of Gellius’ fortunes in the Renaissance has not made much headway beyond a modest start; we cannot point to any monograph on Gellius among the humanists, or in other Renaissance circles'—I would like to add this further note.Besides More himself and Erasmus, others in the More circle knew their Attic Nights. For having disparaged Seneca, Gcllius was ‘passionately taken to task’ by Juan Luis Vivcs, yet Vivcs cited Gcllius with great frequency in his commentary on the City of God. Clearly, Gellius is one of those classical authors whose influence upon other members of the More-Erasmus circle (such as Bude and Pace) it would be most fruitful to explore further, and that influence will doubtless also be found in many minor writers of the earlier sixteenth century.
The Mind is its Own Place: Paradise Lost, I. 253–255
Authors: Chambers A. B. 
Published: April 2006

Satan's fall from heaven to hell is an external or physical reflection of his moral degeneration from Lucifer to Adversary. Yet Satan himself understandably rejects this parallel, insisting that his isA mind not to be changed by Place or Time.That is Satan's conclusion; the major premise upon which his argument depends is this:The mind is its own place, and in itselfCan make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n.As Isabel MacCaffrcy notes, Satan's boast is at odds with the action of the epic as a whole; and, as D. C. Allen's scholarship has shown, it perhaps is based on heresy. I nevertheless suggest that to reject Satan's speech out of hand is in one way wrong, for the premise of his argument—if not the conclusion—is partially true. And fully to appreciate the way in which Satan's logic goes awry requires, I think, an understanding of the philosophic background from which Satan's words arise.
A Three-Man Song in Fulwell's Like Will to Like at the Folger
Authors: Sabol Andrew J. 
Published: April 2006

The quarto (ca. 1570) of Ulpian Fulwell's An Enterlude intituled Like wil to like quod the Deuel to the Colier at the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D. C. (STC 11473.2 bd. with 4965), contains on its back leaf (Sig. F2v) in ink in what appears to be a contemporary hand the music of a three-man song arranged for counter-tenor, tenor, and bass. The piece is anonymous and has no heading, and there are no words with the music. The rest of the quarto is free from annotations of any kind.The music, whose distribution and range of parts as well as part movement point clearly to a concerted vocal piece, is presumably a setting for the concluding lyric of the play. Sung by Virtuous Life, Honour, and Good Fame, the lyric appears on the preceding signature (F2r). The music easily accommodates the words of the first four lines of each verse; the remaining two lines require the repetition of the second section of the music.
Die Buschmänner Südwestafrikas
Authors: Lebzelter Viktor 
Published: April 2006

Im folgenden gebe ich in grossen Züigen das Bild wieder, welches sich mir nach meinen Beobachtungen in den Jahten 1926–1928 und nach der Durcharbeitung der Ergebnisse von den Buschmännern Südwestafrikas bietet.Die Besuchten Stämme: Besondere Aufmerksamkeit habe ich den Ost-!Kung ausserhalb der Polizeizone im Norden und Osten des Bezirkes Grootfontein gewidmet. Weiterhin habe ich die auf den Farmen dieses Bezirkes und des Bezirkes Outjo lebenden Hei||om und die Hei||om der Etoshapfanne studiert. Im Ambolande besuchte ich die sogenannten !Kung im westlichen Otjimpolofelde, die Daman-Buschmänner des Palmbusches östlich von Ondonga, die bantuisierten Buschleute von Eunda, Ongandjera, Uukualuthi und Ukuambi. Besondere Exkursionen führten mich zu den Nogau am mittleren Omuramba Epukiro und in die Naukluft.
Human Factors Engineering
Authors: Phillips Chandler A. , Repperger Daniel W. , Reynolds David B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHuman Factors Engineering (HFE) is that discipline of engineering concerned with the analysis, design, and development of human‐technological systems in which the primary emphasis is to improve or optimize system performance by considering the human's capabilities and limitations in the system. HFE uses the fundamental engineering sciences to provide the mathematical and analytical methods necessary to implement human factors applications. This chapter describes the applications of HFE to ergonomic engineering practice with specific examples from biomechanics, bioelectronics, and biothermodynamics. The chapter concludes with the application of human control engineering for evaluating the tradeoff in equipment design and human operator capabilities.
Why Are Proteins Charged? Networks of Charge–Charge Interactions in Proteins Measured by Charge Ladders and Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Gitlin Irina , Carbeck Jeffrey D. , Whitesides George M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAlmost all proteins contain charged amino acids. While the function in catalysis or binding of individual charges in the active site can often be identified, it is less clear how to assign function to charges beyond this region. Are they necessary for solubility? For reasons other than solubility? Can manipulating these charges change the properties of proteins? A combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and protein charge ladders makes it possible to study the roles of charged residues on the surface of proteins outside the active site. This method involves chemical modification of those residues to generate a large number of derivatives of the protein that differ in charge. CE separates those derivatives into groups with the same number of modified charged groups. By studying the influence of charge on the properties of proteins using charge ladders, it is possible to estimate the net charge and hydrodynamic radius and to infer the role of charged residues in ligand binding and protein folding.
Potent Inhibitory Effects of Resveratrol Derivatives on Progression of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Yoo Kyung Mi , Kim Sanghee , Moon Bo Kyung , Kim Sung Soo , Kim Kyung Tack , Kim Sun Yeou , Choi Sang Yoon 
Published: April 2006

AbstractResveratrol has been identified as a potent anticancer agent in a variety of studies. In this study, several resveratrol derivatives were synthesized and investigated in the search for an anticancer agent with higher efficacy than resveratrol. During our examination of cancer cell lines, compounds C, F, and G evidenced higher inhibitory activity than resveratrol with regard to the growth of PC‐3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Moreover, four derivatives of resveratrol evidenced potent growth inhibitory activity (IC50 0.01 ˜ 0.04 μM) in LNCaP cells. The levels of activity in these derivatives were 25 ˜ 100 times stronger than that associated with resveratrol (IC50 1.0 μM). Our results suggested that compounds C, D, F, and G might function as anticancer agents on prostate tumors. This study also contains a discussion regarding the structure‐activity relationships of several resveratrol derivatives.
Offset‐Free Inferential Feedback Control of Distillation Compositions Based on PCR and PLS Models
Authors: Zhang J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn offset‐free inferential feedback control strategy for distillation composition control using principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) models is presented in this paper. PCR and PLS model based software sensors are developed from process operational data so that the top and bottom product compositions can be estimated from multiple tray temperature measurements. The PCR and PLS software sensors are then used in the feedback control of the top and bottom product compositions. With this strategy the problem of substantial time delay in composition analyzer based control and of substantial bias in single tray temperature control can be overcome. A practically very important issue in software sensor based feedback control is that static control offsets often exist due to a static estimation bias, especially when the process operating condition changes. A technique for eliminating the static estimation bias and the resulting static control offsets through mean updating of process measurements is proposed in this paper. Applications to a simulated methanol‐water separation column demonstrate the effectiveness of this control strategy.
Operability of an Industrial Catalytic Naphtha Reformer in the Presence of Catalyst Deactivation
Authors: Rahimpour M. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBifunctional naphtha reforming catalysts are deactivated by side reactions such as coking, sintering, and poisoning in the course of industrial operation. This results in a reduction of the octane number of the product in a commercial naphtha reforming unit. Catalyst deactivation is compensated for by increasing the operating temperature so that the primary product yields are kept constant during an operating cycle. In the present study, a deactivation model has been developed for industrial catalytic naphtha reformers. The parameters for the deactivation model have been estimated using plant data. The results of the model show that increasing the reactor weighted average inlet temperature (WAIT) can offset the decrease in aromatic yield. Concentration and temperature profiles have been obtained to provide information about the extent of conversion in the individual reactors. Reactor inlet temperature is an important parameter, which can significantly affect reformer performance, the aromatic yield increasing with an increase in temperature.