bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sivelestat, a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, suppresses the growth of gastric carcinoma cells by preventing the release of transforming growth factor‐α
Authors: Wada Yoshiyuki , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Hihara Jun , Konishi Kazuo , Tanabe Kazuaki , Ukon Kei , Taomoto Junnya , Suzuki Takahisa , Mizuiri Hirozumi 
Published: August 2006

Neutrophil elastase is a neutral serine proteinase produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes/macrophages, especially under surgical stress. In the present study, we investigated whether NE promotes cell growth by activation of EGFR to elucidate whether surgical stress induces tumor proliferation and progression. Furthermore, we examined the antitumor effect of a specific NE inhibitor, sivelestat. Cell growth assays were carried out in vitro and in vivo using TMK‐1 gastric cancer cells. TMK‐1 cell growth was stimulated to 118% of that of the control cells after 48 h stimulation with 1 µg/mL NE according to an MTT assay. Sivelestat inhibited cell growth to 23.4 and 58.0% of control values at concentrations of 100 and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. NE rapidly phosphorylated EGFR in only 5 min and triggered the ERK1/2–mitogenic signaling pathway in TMK‐1. It was further demonstrated that NE‐induced EGFR phosphorylation was transactivated through TGF‐α, using ELISA. NE increased the cleavage of TGF‐α from the cell surface 30‐fold compared with the cells without treatment. Interestingly, sivelestat significantly reduced NE‐induced EGFR phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation and completely blocked the release of TGF‐α from the TMK‐1 cell surface. In a xenograft study, the addition of ventrotomy as a surgical stress promoted tumor growth. Sivelestat significantly suppressed the tumor growth induced by surgical stress. These results indicate that sivelestat suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the release of TGF‐α stimulated by NE, which often occurs after surgical stresses. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 1037–1043)
Clinico‐pathological characteristics of p63 expression in B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Fukushima Noriyasu , Satoh Toshimi , Sueoka Naoko , Sato Akemi , Ide Masaru , Hisatomi Takashi , Kuwahara Nobuo , Tomimasu Rika , Tsuneyoshi Naoko , Funai Noriko , Sano Masayuki , Tokunaga Osamu , Sueoka Eisaburo 
Published: August 2006

A member of the family of p53‐related genes, p63 plays a role in regulating epithelial proliferation and differentiation programs, but the pathological and clinical meaning of p63 in B‐cell lymphoma has not been elucidated. We investigated the expression pattern of p63 in B‐cell malignancies, and evaluated the correlation between the expression of p63 and other germinal center markers. Ninety‐eight B‐cell lymphomas (28 FCL, 5 MCL, and 65 DLBCL) were analyzed by immunohistochemical examination for p63, bcl‐6, CD10 and MUM‐1 proteins, and for rearrangement of bcl‐2/IgH. Expression of p63 was observed in the nuclei of tumor cells obtained from 15 of 28 (54%) FCL, 22 of 65 (34%) DLBCL, but none of 5 MCL. In DLBCL, the expression of p63 and bcl‐6 showed a significant correlation (P < 0.02), but no correlation was observed between p63 and expression of CD10, MUM‐1, or bcl‐2/IgH rearrangement. RT‐PCR revealed that TAp63α‐type transcripts, a possible negative regulator of transcriptional activation of p21 promoter, were major transcripts in B‐cell lymphoma tissues. As for prognostic significance, only patients in the p63 positive group of FCL died, and in the non‐germinal center group, the p63 positive cases appeared to have inferior overall survival than other groups in DLBCL. Our preliminary results suggested that p63 expression is a disadvantageous factor for prognosis in this subgroup of B‐cell lymphomas. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 1050–1055)
Establishment of transgenic herbicide‐resistant creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) in nonagronomic habitats
Authors: REICHMAN JAY R. , WATRUD LIDIA S. , LEE E. HENRY , BURDICK CONNIE A. , BOLLMAN MIKE A. , STORM MARJORIE J. , KING GEORGE A. , MALLORY‐SMITH CAROL 
Published: August 2006

AbstractConcerns about genetically modified (GM) crops include transgene flow to compatible wild species and unintended ecological consequences of potential transgene introgression. However, there has been little empirical documentation of establishment and distribution of transgenic plants in wild populations. We present herein the first evidence for escape of transgenes into wild plant populations within the USA; glyphosate‐resistant creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) plants expressing CP4 EPSPS transgenes were found outside of cultivation area in central Oregon. Resident populations of three compatible Agrostis species were sampled in nonagronomic habitats outside the Oregon Department of Agriculture control area designated for test production of glyphosate‐resistant creeping bentgrass. CP4 EPSPS protein and the corresponding transgene were found in nine A. stolonifera plants screened from 20 400 samples (0.04 ± 0.01% SE). CP4 EPSPS‐positive plants were located predominantly in mesic habitats downwind and up to 3.8 km beyond the control area perimeter; two plants were found within the USDA Crooked River National Grassland. Spatial distribution and parentage of transgenic plants (as confirmed by analyses of nuclear ITS and chloroplast matK gene trees) suggest that establishment resulted from both pollen‐mediated intraspecific hybridizations and from crop seed dispersal. These results demonstrate that transgene flow from short‐term production can result in establishment of transgenic plants at multi‐kilometre distances from GM source fields or plants. Selective pressure from direct application or drift of glyphosate herbicide could enhance introgression of CP4 EPSPS transgenes and additional establishment. Obligatory outcrossing and vegetative spread could further contribute to persistence of CP4 EPSPS transgenes in wild Agrostis populations, both in the presence or absence of herbicide selection.
Incidence and remission of self‐reported allergic rhinitis symptoms in adults
Authors: Nihlén U. , Greiff L. , Montnémery P. , Löfdahl C.‐G. , Johannisson A. , Persson C. , Andersson M. 
Published: August 2006

Background:  A few studies have examined the incidence and remission of allergic rhinitis (AR) in the same general population.Methods:  A questionnaire focused on respiratory symptoms and airway diseases was mailed out in 1992 and in 2000 to the same subjects. Of 4933 subjects, in 1992 aged 20–59 years, 4280 (86.8%) answered at both occasions. AR was defined on self‐reported AR and a simultaneous report of nasal symptoms provoked by exposure either to tree‐, grass‐pollen, furred animals or house dust. Multiple logistic regression adjusted for age and gender was used to analyze potential predictors, reported in 1992, for incidence and remission of AR.Results:  The prevalence of AR increased from 12.4% in 1992 to 15.0% in 2000. The incidence of AR from 1992 to 2000 was 4.8%, while 23.1% of the cases with AR in 1992 stated no AR symptoms in 2000 indicating remission. The highest incidence was seen in the youngest age group (20–29 years), whereas remission was highest in the oldest age group (50–59 years). Asthma symptoms during the last year (as reported in 1992) predicted increased incidence of AR and less chance for remission, 1.89 (95%CI 1.08–3.31) and 0.52 (0.31–0.87), respectively. Family histories of AR or asthma predicted increased incidence of AR 1.99 (1.42–2.80) and 1.62 (1.10–2.37), respectively, but were not associated with chance for remission, OR = 1.23 (0.81–1.87) and 0.94 (0.60–1.48).Conclusion:  This study showed that AR became more common between 1992 and 2000, but also indicated remission in about 20% of the cases within the 8‐year period, particularly in older ages. Asthma seems to be associated with higher risk for AR as well as less chance for remission, while heredity of asthma (or AR) may only be associated with the risk for the development and not remission of AR.
Inhaled formaldehyde exposure: effect on bronchial response to mite allergen in sensitized asthma patients
Authors: Casset A. , Marchand C. , Purohit A. , Le Calve S. , Uring‐Lambert B. , Donnay C. , Meyer P. , De Blay F. 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Formaldehyde, an indoor air pollutant, is known to be an irritant and an etiologic factor in occupational asthma. An epidemiologic study suggests that it may also increase the risk of childhood asthma for concentrations above 60 μg/m3.Aim:  To evaluate the influence of pre‐exposure to low‐dose formaldehyde (100 μg/m3 in 30 min according to the World Health Organization's recommended maximum value for indoor environments) on bronchial response to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.Method:  Nineteen asthmatic subjects were included. Each subject underwent a mite allergen bronchial challenge test immediately after a standardized exposure in a chamber to formaldehyde or air (random order). Induced sputum were collected 24 h before and after mite challenge.Results:  After formaldehyde inhalation, patients developed an immediate bronchial response at a significantly lower dose of mite allergen than after air exposure (the geometric mean PD20 for Der p 1 was 34.3 ng after formaldehyde and 45.4 ng after placebo, P = 0.05). The late‐phase reaction, expressed as the maximum fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) from baseline, was significantly higher after formaldehyde (15%vs 11%, P = 0.046).Conclusion:  Our study demonstrated that exposure to low levels of formaldehyde significantly enhanced bronchial responsiveness to mite allergen in mite‐sensitized subjects with asthma.
Decrease of cytotoxic T cells in allergic asthma correlates with total serum immunglobulin E
Authors: Bratke K. , Haupt F. , Kuepper M. , Bade B. , Faehndrich S. , Luttmann W. , Virchow J. C. 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Allergic asthma has been linked to an increase in T‐helper type 2‐like cytokines and T cells, but there is growing evidence for a role of lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic potential of different lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with allergic asthma.Methods:  Granzyme A, B, K, and perforin expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry. Soluble granzymes were measured in serum using specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.Results:  Asthmatics had significantly decreased percentages of granzyme and perforin‐positive CD4 T cells compared with non‐atopic controls. In patients with asthma, the granzyme B and perforin‐positive subset of CD8+ T cells and natural killer T cells, which represent more differentiated cell populations, were significantly reduced, while this was not observed in the less differentiated granzyme K+ subsets. In addition, the serum concentrations of granzyme B were significantly reduced in patients with asthma, while granzyme K concentrations were not different. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between granzyme A, B and perforin expression in T cell subsets as well as serum granzyme B concentrations and total serum immunglobulin E. In CD3‐negative natural killer cells, no differences in granzyme or perforin expression between patients with asthma and controls were detected.Conclusion:  In allergic asthma, cytotoxic T lymphocyte subsets of a more differentiated phenotype are significantly decreased and this is correlated to serum immunglobulin E levels.
Allergy to goat and sheep milk without allergy to cow's milk
Authors: Ah‐Leung S. , Bernard H. , Bidat E. , Paty E. , Rancé F. , Scheinmann P. , Wal J. M. 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Cow's milk (CM) allergy is the most frequent cause of food allergy in infants. Most children who are allergic to CM are also sensitized to whey proteins and/or to the casein fraction and many of them cannot tolerate goat's or sheep's milk (GSM) either. Conversely, the GSM allergies that are not associated with allergic cross‐reactivity to CM are rare.Methods:  Twenty‐eight children who had severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, after consumption of GSM products but tolerated CM products were recruited in a retrospective study. Whole casein and whey proteins were fractionated from CM and GSM. β‐Lactoglobulin and the different caseins were isolated, purified and used to perform enzyme allergosorbent tests (EAST) and EAST inhibition studies with the sera of the allergic children.Results:  Clinical observations, skin prick testing and immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐binding studies confirmed the diagnosis of GSM allergy without associated CM allergy. EAST determinations demonstrated that GSM allergy involves the casein fraction and not whey proteins. Cow's milk caseins were not at all or poorly recognized by the patient's IgE, while αS1‐, αS2‐ and β‐caseins from GSM were recognized with a high specificity and affinity. In all cases, increasing concentrations of CM caseins failed to inhibit the binding of patient's IgE to sheep or goat milk caseins, whereas this binding was completely inhibited by GSM caseins.Conclusions:  The characteristics of GSM allergy differ from those of the CM allergy because it affects older children and appears later. CM products do not elicit any clinical manifestation in GSM allergic patients, whereas CM allergic patients, usually cross‐react to GSM. In all the GSM allergic children, the IgE antibodies recognized the caseins but not the whey proteins. Moreover, IgE specificity and affinity was high to GSM and lower to CM caseins despite their marked sequence homology. Doctors and allergic individuals should be aware that GSM allergy requires a strict avoidance of GSM and milk‐derived products because reactions could be severe after ingestion of minimal doses of the offending food.
Decreased Detectability of Grapevine Leafroll‐associated virus 3 in Sakasly Grapevines Cultivated Under the Sahara Conditions
Authors: Ben salem‐Fnayou A. , Gugerli P. , Zemni H. , Mliki A. , Ghorbel A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe detectability of grapevine‐leafroll‐associated virus 3 (GLRaV‐3) was investigated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) in the domestic grapevine cultivar Sakasly, grown over two successive years in the Sahara, at Rjim‐Mâatoug in Tunisia. Self‐rooted cuttings, infected with GLRaV‐3 were cultivated and the presence of the virus was checked over 2 years and compared with controls. During the first year, 80% of the originally infected vines were negative for GLRaV‐3 using ELISA. After the second year, 93% and 95% of these plants were negative for GLRaV‐3 using ELISA and RT–PCR, respectively. Furthermore, rooted cuttings derived from GLRaV‐3‐negative plants and grown under controlled conditions in a greenhouse (at 16–20°C) were ELISA‐negative in most cases (84%). In addition, biological indexing on Vitis vinifera cv. Gamay Rouge de la Loire showed no leafroll symptoms on this indicator in 92% of the grafted vines. These results suggest a naturally occurring heat therapy in the Tunisian Sahara, which could be of practical importance for the production of GLRaV‐3‐free grapevine cuttings, especially as scale insect and mealybug vectors have not been observed in this area.
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprinting Differentiates Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae from Northern Thailand
Authors: Kosawang C. , Smitamana P. , Toojinda T. , Nilpanit N. , Sirithunya P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThirty isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were collected from different rice‐producing area in northern Thailand. For the assessment of genetic variation of bacterial blight pathogen, 19 primer combinations of amplified fragment length polymorphism primer system were screened to evaluate the genetic diversity and five combinations were selected according to their producibility, number of scorable bands and differences detected among representative isolates. Six lineages of X. oryzae pv. oryzae were identified in northern Thailand base on location. Lineage A composed of members from two provinces, Phitsanulok and Chainat. Lineage B was from various provinces as Sukhothai, Phetchaboon, Phicit, Phayao and Phrae. Lineage C was from Phitsanulok and Phrae. Lineage D comprised of members from Phrae, Chiangmai and Chiangrai while the lineage E composed of isolates from Sukhothai and Phitsanulok. The final lineage, lineage F, was from Lampang. Lineages B and D were the most widely distributed while lineage E seemed to be restricted to specific planting area. Wide distribution of the pathogen might be due to seed allocation and germplasm exchanged. Analysis showed that diversity of pathogen is due to single field and cultivars‐specific effects. The results of this study will facilitate the use of effective bacterial blight resistance gene in northern Thailand.
Antifungal Proteins during Sorghum Grain Development and Grain Mould Resistance
Authors: Rodriguez‐Herrera R. , Waniska R. D. , Rooney W. L. , Aguilar C. N. , Contreras‐Esquivel J. C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractProteins potentially inhibitory to the growth of grain‐moulding fungi in vitro have been identified from sorghum seeds. However, their role in vivo during fungi infection is still not clear. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of antifungal proteins (AFPs) during grain development. Sureño (a grain mould‐resistant line), RTx430 (a grain mould‐susceptible) and their F1 hybrid, were planted at two moisture levels. Caryopses were collected from each genotype every 7 days after anthesis (DAA) during development and maturity of the grain. Significant levels of grain mould occurred naturally. Levels of four AFPs (sormatin, chitinases, β‐1,3‐glucanases and ribosomal‐inactivating proteins) were determined using the immunoblotting technique. During grain development (7–35 DAA), Sureño and the F1 hybrid showed higher levels of sormatin and chitinase than RTx430. RIPs levels in Sureño and the F1 hybrid were higher than those in RTx430 after 21 DAA. Sormatin, chitinases, β‐1,3‐glucanases and RIPs levels in Sureño and in the F1 hybrid were higher than those of RTx430 after grain physiological maturity. AFPs are associated with grain mould resistance because Sureño and the F1 hybrid induce and/or retain higher AFPs levels under grain mould infection pressure than did RTx430.
The Phasing of Fiscal Adjustments: What Works in Emerging Market Economies?
Authors: Baldacci Emanuele , Clements Benedict , Gupta Sanjeev , Mulas‐Granados Carlos 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper investigates the political and economic determinants of successful fiscal adjustment in 25 emerging market economies from 1980 to 2001. The results show that large and back‐loaded fiscal adjustments have the highest likelihood of success. Fiscal consolidations based on expenditure cuts increase the probability of approaching and achieving fiscal sustainability but are insufficient to maintain it unless accompanied by revenue reforms. Adjustment episodes launched in countries where governments enjoy a parliamentary majority and do not face imminent elections, are found to be more successful. Fiscal consolidations undertaken under IMF‐supported programs also have a higher probability of success.
Ten microsatellite loci for evolutionary research on Nesospiza buntings
Authors: DELPORT WAYNE , GRANT TYRON J. , RYAN PETER G. , BLOOMER PAULETTE 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe tested 19 loci originally developed for Vidua and Geospiza, of which six Vidua loci were polymorphic and furthermore, developed four microsatellite loci for Nesospiza buntings. Allelic variation ranged from two to 13 alleles, with heterozygosity from 0 to 0.82. Ascertainment bias was evident as increased allelic diversity of loci developed for Nesospiza, versus those developed for Vidua. Two loci showed linkage, and several, deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. We suggest such deviations are through introduction of new alleles by introgression, or of the Wahlund effect. These loci will contribute to the understanding of speciation in Nesospiza buntings of the Tristan da Cunha islands.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the tropical tree species Tabebuia aurea (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: BRAGA ALINE C. , REIS ALESSANDRA M. M. , LEOI LÉLIA T. , PEREIRA RINALDO W. , COLLEVATTI ROSANE G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this study, we report the development and characterization of 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci for Tabebuia aurea, using genomic library enrichment. Number of alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity ranged from nine to 26 and from 0.808 to 0.955. The high combined probability of genetic identity (1.03 × 10−37) and probability of paternity exclusion (0.9889) showed that multilocus genotypes are likely to be unique and will allow detailed parentage studies in natural populations of T. aurea. Additionally, a high percentage of transferability was achieved for the four species of the same genus studied.
The Boomers Are Coming: A Total Cost of Care Model of the Impact of Population Aging on Health Care Costs in the United States by Major Practice Category
Authors: Mary Martini E. , Garrett Nancy , Lindquist Tammie , Isham George J. 
Published: August 2006

Objective. To project the impact of population aging on total U.S. health care per capita costs from 2000 to 2050 and for the range of clinical areas defined by Major Practice Categories (MPCs).Data Sources. Secondary data: HealthPartners health plan administrative data; U.S. Census Bureau population projections 2000–2050; and MEPS 2001 health care annual per capita costs.Study Design. We calculate MPC‐specific age and gender per capita cost rates using cross‐sectional data for 2002–2003 and project U.S. changes by MPC due to aging from 2000 to 2050.Data Collection Methods. HealthPartners data were grouped using purchased software. We developed and validated a method to include pharmacy costs for the uncovered.Principal Findings. While total U.S. per capita costs due to aging from 2000 to 2050 are projected to increase 18 percent (0.3 percent annually), the impact by MPC ranges from a 55 percent increase in kidney disorders to a 12 percent decrease in pregnancy and infertility care. Over 80 percent of the increase in total per capita cost will result from just seven of the 22 total MPCs.Conclusions. Understanding the differential impact of aging on costs at clinically specific levels is important for resource planning, to effectively address future medical needs of the aging U.S. population.