bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical effect of buffy‐coat vs. apheresis platelet concentrates in patients with severe thrombocytopenia after intensive chemotherapy
Authors: Akkök C. A. , Brinch L. , Lauritzsen G. F. , Solheim B. G. , Kjeldsen‐Kragh J. 
Published: April 2007

Background and Objectives  Therapeutic or prophylactic use of platelet concentrates (PC) is essential for patients with thrombocytopenia due to intensive chemotherapy for various malignancies. PC quality has been improved after introduction of storage containers that are more oxygen permeable than the second‐generation PC containers. Consequently, shelf life of PCs at our blood bank has been extended to 6·5 days after monitoring each PC for bacterial contamination. In this prospective observational study, we compared apheresis PCs harvested by Amicus cell separator with buffy‐coat (BC) PCs during storage for up to 6·5 days.Materials and Methods  All PCs were collected from healthy volunteer donors and were prepared for routine clinical use. A total of 446 transfusion episodes with 688 PCs for 77 adult patients with oncological and haematological diseases were registered during a 13‐month period. Outcome measures were corrected count increment after 1 h (CCI‐1), after 18–24 h (CCI‐2), and transfusion intervals. Transfusions were carried out after storage from 1·5 to 6·5 days.Results  Both CCI and the transfusion intervals decreased statistically significantly by increasing storage time after transfusions with apheresis PCs or BC PCs. However, less than 4% of the variation in CCI and transfusion interval could be explained by platelet storage time. There were no significant differences between BC PCs and apheresis PCs, regarding CCI and transfusion intervals.Conclusion  We can conclude that BC PCs are not inferior to apheresis PCs, and may serve the clinical purposes as well as apheresis PCs harvested by Amicus.
How Elephants are Opening Doors: Developmental Neuroethology, Attachment and Social Context
Authors: Bradshaw G. A. , Schore Allan N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEthology's renewed interest in developmental context coincides with recent insights from neurobiology and psychology on early attachment. Attachment and social learning are understood as fundamental mechanisms in development that shape core processes responsible for informing behaviour throughout a lifetime. Each field uniquely contributes to the creation of an integrated model and encourages dialogue between Tinbergen's four analytical levels: ethology in its underscoring of social systems of behaviour and context, psychology in its emphasis on socio‐affective attachment transactions, and neuroscience in its explication of the coupled development of brain and behaviour. We review the relationship between developmental context and behaviour outcome as a topic shared by the three disciplines, with a specific focus on underlying neuroethological mechanisms. This interdisciplinary convergence is illustrated through the example of abnormal behaviour in wild African elephants (Loxodonta africana) that has been systematically observed in human‐caused altered social contexts. Such disruptions impair normative socially mediated neuroendocrinological development leading to psychobiological dysregulation that expresses as non‐normative behaviour. Aberrant behaviour in wild elephants provides a critical field example of what has been established in ex situ and clinical studies but has been largely absent in wild populations: a concrete link between effects of human disturbance on social context, and short‐ and long‐term neuroethology. By so doing, it brings attention to the significant change in theories of behaviour that has been occurring across disciplines – namely, the merging of psychobiological and ethological perspectives into common, cross‐species, human inclusive models.
Food Deprivation Suppresses a Preference for the Top‐Scent Mark of an Over‐Mark in Meadow Voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)
Authors: Pierce Andrew A. , Vaughn Ashlee A. , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFood availability affects whether mammals communicate their interest in interacting with opposite‐sex conspecifics. This study examined the responses of voles to over‐marks, and factors that influence the formation and maintenance of a preference for the top‐scent in an over‐mark. Specifically, we investigated how food deprivation affected the amount of time male and female voles exposed to an over‐mark, later responded to the marks of the top‐ and bottom‐scent donors when subsequently presented with the two scents side by side. Males and females that were not food deprived and males that were food deprived 6 h before exposure to an over‐mark later maintained a preference for the donor of the top‐scent mark compared with the donor of the bottom‐scent mark of the over‐mark. Females that were food deprived for 6 h before or after exposure of the over‐mark and males food deprived 6 h after the exposure to the over‐mark showed no preference for the top‐scent mark donor. Re‐feeding females that were food deprived for 6 h before exposure to an over‐mark was sufficient to restore their preference for the mark of the top‐scent male over that of the bottom‐scent male. The different responses of food‐deprived male and female voles to over‐marks of opposite‐sex conspecifics may be associated with differences in their tactics for interacting with potential mates and the higher energetic costs of reproduction in female voles than in male voles.
Spoiled Brats: Is Extreme Juvenile Agonism in Ring‐Tailed Coatis (Nasua nasua) Dominance or Tolerated Aggression?
Authors: Hirsch Ben T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRing‐tailed coatis exhibit an extreme form of juvenile agonism not found in other social mammals. Two groups of habituated, individually recognized, coatis were studied over a 2.5‐yr period in Iguazu National Park, Argentina. Dominance matrices were divided by year and group, resulting in four dominance hierarchies which were analyzed using the Matman computer program. Strong general patterns were seen in both groups during both years. Adult males (one per group) were the highest ranking individuals, followed by male juveniles, female juveniles, adult females, and male and female subadults. The pattern in which young, physically inferior individuals were able to outrank larger adults is different from other social mammal species in that the juvenile coatis aggressively defended food resources and directed aggression towards older individuals. These agonistic interactions may not reflect ‘dominance’ in the traditional sense, and appear to be a form of ‘tolerated aggression.’ This tolerated aggression leads to increased access to food, and should help juveniles during a period in which they need to rapidly gain weight and grow. Because this tolerance of juvenile aggression is reinforced through coalitionary support of juveniles by adult females, agonistic patterns are also consistent with the hypothesis that juvenile rank is being influenced by high degrees of relatedness within coati groups. Although some interesting parallels exist, there is little evidence indicating that these dominance patterns are the same as those found in other social mammals such as hyenas, lions, meerkats, or Cercopithicine primates.
Accumulation of cyclitols functioning as compatible solutes in the haptophyte algaPavlovasp.
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshie , Torii Ayako , Kato Misako , Adachi Kyoko 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYUsing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we identified and characterized accumulated compatible solutes in cells of the haptophyte algaPavlovasp. strain CCMP504. The predominant organic solutes wered‐1,4/2,5‐cyclohexanetetrol (CHT), 1,3,5/2,4‐cyclohexanepentol (CHP) andscyllo‐inositol. We then profiled the intracellular organic solutes present inPavlovasp. grown in medium with salinity ranging from 23 practical salinity units (PSU) (hyposaline) to 35 PSU (optimum salinity for growth), to 47 PSU (hypersaline). The results of these analyses reveal progressive accumulation of CHT and CHP in response to increasing growth medium salinity. We also observed altered accumulation of CHT and CHP in samples subjected to salinity shock. To further characterize the CHT and CHP biosynthesis inPavlovasp., we carried out stable isotope feeding experiments. Specific labeling of CHT and CHP withd‐13C‐glucose suggested thatd‐glucose is a biosynthetic precursor of these cyclitols. The salinity‐induced accumulation of CHT and CHP suggests that these cyclitols act as compatible solutes. Our results therefore provide new evidence supporting classification of CHP as a compatible solute.
Phylogenetic study of Gymnodinium dorsalisulcum comb. nov. from tropical Australian coastal waters (Dinophyceae)
Authors: Murray Shauna , De Salas Miguel , Luong‐Van Jim , Hallegraeff Gustaaf 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA new species of the dinoflagellate genus Gymnodinium Stein, previously considered a member of Katodinium Fott, is characterized from two marine benthic habitats in tropical northern Australia. Gymnodinium dorsalisulcum comb. nov. was found to be very abundant at times, and in culture produced large quantities of mucus. We analyzed two regions of ribosomal DNA from this species (partial large subunit and complete small subunit sequences), using Bayesian analysis and phylogenetic models appropriate to alignments of ribosomal RNA genes. We compared it to eight species of the ‘true’Gymnodinium clade and to other dinoflagellates. The results show that it is a member of the Gymnodinium clade, and is closely related to Gymnodinium impudicum and G. chlorophorum. Katodinium was originally defined as having cells with an epitheca that is much larger than the hypotheca. However, this character is clearly inadequate, and the genus requires a re‐investigation to determine the apomorphies of the type species.
BS10 THE PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE OVEREXPRESSION OF THE GROWTH FACTOR CRIPTO IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Carmalt H. L. , Gong Y. P. , Yarrow P. M. , Lin B. P. C. , Xing P. X. , Gillett D. J. 
Published: April 2007

Purpose  To determine the prognostic significance and long term survival of breast cancer patients with overexpression of the epidermal growth factor Cripto.Methodology  120 formalin fixed paraffin embedded breast cancer specimens were constructed on a tissue microarray and detection of Cripto carried out by immunohistochemical staining. Patients were treated between 1989 and 1995 and the median follow up was 125 months. We examined the association of Cripto positivity with age, menopausal status, grade and size of tumour, lymph node status, tumour type, ER/PR/HER2 status, Ki67 and Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI).Results  48% of patients were Cripto positive. We demonstrated a significant association between overexpression of Cripto and NPI (p < 0.01), grade of tumour (p < 0.01), progesterone receptor (p = 0.02), Ki 67 (p = 0.02), tumour type (p = 0.04) and most importantly overall survival (p = 0.0003). Cox regression analysis revealed Cripto to be an independent prognostic variable for survival – HR 2.79 (95% CI 1.20–6.50).Conclusion  Overexpression of Cripto is associated with high grade poor prognostic breast cancer and a significantly decreased patient survival. Future research is required to confirm these findings and to develop an anti‐Cripto humanised antibody for clinical use.
BS14 UPDATE ON IN SITU PROLIFERATIONS OF THE BREAST
Authors: Harris G. C. 
Published: April 2007

This is a pathologist’s view of in situ proliferations of the breast, particularly those other than DCIS. The increasing evidence for Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) as a non‐obligate precursor, at least in some instances, and the emerging entity of pleomorphic LCIS will be discussed. Columnar cell proliferations including Flat Epithelial Atypia will also be presented with particular emphasis on clinical significance and currently recommended management strategies.A short discussion of other "indeterminate" in situ proliferations will also be included.
BS02 MODERN APPROACH TO PALLIATIVE CARE
Authors: Grundy K. 
Published: April 2007

This paper explores the modern concept of Specialist Palliative Care. This includes the gradual and ongoing development of specialist palliative care services in New Zealand, embedded within cancer services and the wider health sector: within the community and the acute care environment. No longer is it accurate to assume that a referral to palliative care indicates that the person is imminently dying or that their care will be transferred to that service as an alternative to any form of continued active treatment. Cancer can be aggressive and unremitting but is increasingly experienced as a chronic illness and patients have concerns and needs that fluctuate over time. Multi‐disciplinary palliative care must be responsive, flexible and able to assist at “points of need”, working together with the referring team. Collaboration across all the medical disciplines and the full health care team is essential and communication between services must be robust so that our care is consistent, unambiguous and patient‐centred. Palliative care is as aspect of clinical care that we all practice, every day, sometimes without realising it. We need to continually develop our own skills in symptom control, effective communication and decision‐making, as well as exploring the philosophy and ethics of end‐of‐life care. Accessible, meaningful education in all of these areas is vital. While it is challenging, we must also find time to reflect on our own practice, learning to acknowledge and work within our own prejudices, fears and short‐comings.This paper will draw on recent work in the area of palliative care and cancer care: The New Zealand Palliative Care Strategy (2001), the Cancer Control Strategy (2006), the proposed adoption of a model of palliative care within NZ that incorporates clear definitions of both Specialist and Generalist services and the new Ministry of Health “Palliative Care Service Specifications” that highlight the need for specialist services to be available in all locations, providing not just clinical care but also education and support.
BS20 FAMILIAL GYNAECOLOGICAL CANCER – ASPECTS OF CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sykes P. 
Published: April 2007

There are significant familial associations between surgical and gynaecological cancers. hereditary non polyposis coli cancer was first described as a family with an increased risk of gynaecological cancer and BRCA mutations have a well known association with ovarian as well as breast cancer. To complicate issues colorectal and breast cancer share similar etiologic factors to colorectal and breast cancers and treatments may influence the incidence and treatment of these cancers. This talk will discuss issues related to; the identification of familial cancer syndromes, screening and prophylactic treatment in women with familial cancer syndromes, quality of life and hormone replacement therapy.The following issues are considered relevant:Women with breast cancer and people under 50 with colorectal cancer or should have family histories taken and genetic counseling referrals made where appropriate.Women with HNPCC related or BRCA mutations should be counseled by a gynaecologist with expertise in familial cancer.Women with BRCA mutations probably do not benefit from screening.Prophylactic surgery is normally indicated.Women with HNPCC should be counseled regarding their risk of gynecological cancer risk reducing surgery is sometimes indicated.Menopause caused by oophorectomy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy is associated with a significant reduction in quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy should be considered.
CT01 IMPACT OF COMPLETION ANGIOGRAPHY AFTER SURGICAL CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION
Authors: Kumar S. , Ahmad R. , Greelish J. , Balaguer J. , Petracek M. , Byrne J. 
Published: April 2007

Background  Coronary revascularization surgery does not traditionally employ angiography to assess procedural success. Early graft failure is reported up to 30% in one year (JAMA Nov 2005) may relate to technical errors or conduit problems. We hypothesize that intra‐operative assessment of graft by angiography identifies graft defects and may improve the long term graft survival.Methods  We have developed one of the first hybrid operation room in the USA. In one year period 203 consecutive patients (age:63+/−16, M/F:126/39) underwent coronary revascularization with angiography before decannulation.Results  Of 436 grafts, 72 angiographic defects were detected in 69 grafts (17% of total grafts). There were 11% conduit defects, 3% anastomotic defects, and 3% target vessel error. Of 72 defects, 25/72 defects required minor revision, 47/72 required either surgical or percutaneous intervention. Intra‐operative angiography added an average 20+/−12 minutes to the surgery and 112+/−56 ml contrast. Renal function at 24hours and 48 hours after procedure did not vary significantly between patients who did vs. those did not have revisions. There were no significant differences in cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross clamp time, and length of hospital stay for patients who underwent revision compared to those who did not. Renal function, bleeding complication, transfusion were similar in patients with percutaneous vs. surgical revision.Conclusions  Intraoperative graft angiography performed at the time of CABG identifies graft defects, allowing for immediate surgical or percutaneous revision. Long‐term study is in progress to assess whether intra‐operative completion angiography decreases the rate of early graft failure.
CT11 CARBON DIOXIDE FLOODING IN CARDIAC SURGERY: AN OLD TECHNIQUE REVISITED
Authors: Bhaskar N. I. L. 
Published: April 2007

Cerebral air embolism is a known complication of open‐heart surgery with devastating consequences. Neurologic injury after CPB can be divided into 2 types:Type I: Focal injury.Type II: Intellectual deterioration/neurocognitive impairment (up to 53% at the time of hospital discharge and 42% could be impaired for up to 5 years). Increasing evidence points to cerebral embolization as the principal culprit. Since the early days of modern cardiac surgery, surgeons have attempted to limits its damage by various means. One of the early techniques propounded was carbon dioxide insufflation of the pericardial cavity. Carbon dioxide, was uniquely positioned for this, being denser than air, more soluble than air, and easily managed perioperatively if the blood levels were to go up beyond physiological ranges. The technique gradually went into disuse, since there was no instrumentation, in the early days of CPB to measure and establish its impact on the actual outcomes. Secondly, the devices, through which CO2 was delivered, were not effective.There has been increasing enthusiasm for the technique but no consensus on the technical considerations or on the actual benefits of the practice.Our literature search showed that if practiced properly, carbon dioxide flooding does decrease the embolic counts significantly and that, by inference, could possibly improve the neurocognitive outcome. Since, there are no studies at this point in time, which show a direct beneficial correlation, we intend to do a prospective randomized controlled trial, to put things in proper perspective.
CT14 PREDICTING ONE‐YEAR SURVIVAL AFTER SURGERY FOR EARLY STAGE NON‐SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
Authors: O’keefe M. , Yap C. H. , Lee A. , Kiyingi K. , Alam N. , Wright G. 
Published: April 2007

Introduction  Post‐operative survival after surgery for early stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is influenced by factors such as stage of disease and co‐morbidities. We sought to assess the performance of 2 models in predicting 1 year survival after resected NSCLC.Methods  The Colinet Simplified Co‐Morbidity Score (SCS) (1) and a prognostic model by Birim (2) were retrospectively applied to a cohort of patients with surgically resected NSCLC. End‐point was 1 year survival obtained from clinical follow‐up and data‐linkage with the Cancer Council of Victoria.Results  216 patients were treated from Feb 1999 to Dec 2005. 52 patients were excluded due to missing data, leaving 164 patients for analysis. Mean patient age was 66.4 ± 10.3. Pathological stage was 1 in 61%, 2 in19% and 3 in 17%. Observed 1 year survival was 78.7%.SCS was predictive of 1 year survival: mean SCS 9.24 for survivors and 11.03 for non‐survivors (p = 0.001 by t‐test). Patient’s with low SCS (0‐9) had a higher 1‐year survival than those with high SCS (>9); 87.2% vs 69.2% (p = 0.005 by chi‐square test). SCS discriminated fairly for 1 year survival (area under ROC curve 0.66).The predicted survival using the Birim model (74.2%) was similar to the observed survival (p = 0.43). The model predicted survival well in both low (predicted 83% vs observed 88%, p = 0.51) and high (66 vs 70%, p = 0.74) risk groups. Birim model discriminated well for 1 year survival (area under ROC curve 0.70).Conclusion  SCS and the Birim model can both be used to estimate 1‐year survival. They may aid the clinician in deciding who should be considered for surgical resection.
CT15 RISK STRATIFICATION MODELS FOR HEART VALVE SURGERY
Authors: Yap C. H. , O’keefe M. , Mohajeri M. , Yii M. 
Published: April 2007

Purpose  Risk stratification models may be useful in aiding surgical decision‐making, preoperative informed consent, quality assurance and healthcare management. While several overseas models exist, no model has been well‐validated for use in Australia. We aimed to assess the performance of two valve surgery risk stratification models in an Australian patient cohort.Method  The Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland (SCTS) and Northern New England (NNE) models were applied to all patients undergoing valvular heart surgery at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne and The Geelong Hospital between June 2001 and November 2006. Observed and predicted early mortalities were compared using the chi‐square test. Model discrimination was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Model calibration was tested by applying the chi‐square test to risk tertiles.Results  SCTS model (n = 1095) performed well. Observed mortality was 4.84%, expected mortality 6.64% (chi‐square p = 0.20). Model discrimination (area under ROC curve 0.835) and calibration was good (chi‐square p = 0.9). the NNE model (n = 1015) over‐predicted mortality. Observed mortality 4.83% and expected 7.54% (chi‐square p < 0.02). Model discrimination (area under ROC curve 0.835) and calibration was good (chi‐square p = 0.9).Conclusion  Both models showed good model discrimination and calibration. The NNE model over‐predicted early mortality whilst the SCTS model performed well in our cohort of patients. The SCTS model may be useful for use in Australia for risk stratification.