bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying successional changes in response to forest disturbances
Authors: Penman Trent D. , Binns Doug L. , Kavanagh Rodney P. 
Published: February 2008

Question: Can dissimilarity measures of individual plots be used to forecast the driving factors among various anthropogenic disturbances influencing understorey successional changes?Location: Yambulla State Forest, south‐eastern Australia (37°14'S, 149°38'E).Methods: Assessments of understorey vegetation communities were taken prior to anthropogenic disturbances and at three subsequent time periods representing a period of 15 years post‐disturbance. Dissimilarities were calculated from the original assessment and modelled in a Bayesian framework to examine the influence of logging, number of prescribed burns and time.Results: All sites underwent significant changes over time independently of the imposed management regimes. Logging resulted in an immediate change in vegetation assemblage which decreased in the subsequent assessments. The number of prescribed fires brought greater change in the shrub vegetation assemblages, but less change in the ground species vegetation assemblages.Conclusions: The anthropogenic disturbances did have some role in the changes of vegetation assemblages but these were minimal. The ongoing changes appear to be a natural response to the last wildfire, which passed through the study area in 1973 (13 years prior to the study). Forest management practices should consider the influence of wildfire succession when planning for the conservation of biodiversity.
Sudden Cardiac Death Caused by Migration of a TrapEase Inferior Vena Cava Filter: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Haddadian Babak , Shaikh Fareed , Djelmami‐Hani Mohamed , Shalev Yoseph 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCaseA 43‐year‐old female presented with sudden onset of palpitations, chest pain, and shortness of breath associated with hypoxemia. A helical computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed a large saddle pulmonary embolism. Intravenous tPA relieved the shortness of breath and improved the hypoxemia. Inferior vena cava (IVC) filter (TrapEase, Cordis Corp., Miami, FL, USA) was placed. On day 6 of her hospitalization, she went into cardiopulmonary arrest while walking back from the rest room. The patient died despite a prolonged attempt at cardiopulmonary resuscitation. At that time, ventricular tachycardia and then ventricular fibrillation were recorded. Autopsy of the heart showed the IVC filter entrapped within the tricuspid valve.DiscussionThe incidence of IVC filter migration ranges from 0.3 to 6% with rare migration to the heart or lung (0.1–1.25%). Sudden cardiac death from migration of IVC filter is extremely rare. We report the first case of sudden cardiac death caused by migration of the TrapEase filter to the heart. There are two reports in the literature of death from migrating Greenfield and Antheor filters.ConclusionAn IVC filter migration to the heart, although rare, can cause serious arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Racial differences in cervical cancer survival in the Detroit metropolitan area
Authors: Movva Sujana , Noone Anne‐Michelle , Banerjee Mousumi , Patel Divya A. , Schwartz Kendra , Yee Cecilia L. , Simon Michael S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDAfrican‐American (AA) women have lower survival rates from cervical cancer compared with white women. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) and other variables on racial disparities in overall survival among women with invasive cervical cancer.METHODSOne thousand thirty‐six women (705 white women and 331 AA women) who were diagnosed with primary invasive cancer of the cervix between 1988 and 1992 were identified through the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System (MDCSS), a registry in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Pathology, treatment, and survival data were obtained through SEER. SES was categorized by using occupation, poverty, and educational status at the census tract level. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare overall survival between AA women and white women adjusting for sociodemographics, clinical presentation, and treatment.RESULTSAA women were more likely to present at an older age (P < .001), with later stage disease (P < .001), and with squamous histology (P = .01), and they were more likely to reside in a census tract categorized as Working Poor (WP) (P < .001). After multivariate adjustment, race no longer had a significant impact on survival. Women who resided in a WP census tract had a higher risk of death than women from a Professional census tract (P = .05). There was a significant interaction between disease stage and time with the effect of stage on survival attenuated after 6 years.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, factors that affected access to medical care appeared to have a more important influence than race on the long‐term survival of women with invasive cervical cancer. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Cognitive–behavioural, pharmacological and psychosocial predictors of outcome during tapered discontinuation of benzodiazepine
Authors: O'Connor Kieron , Marchand André , Brousseau Lucie , Aardema Frederick , Mainguy Nicole , Landry Pierre , Savard Pierre , Léveillé Cathy , Lafrance Valérie , Boivin Sonia , Pitre Denise , Robillard Sophie , Bouthillier Donald 
Published: February 2008

AbstractEighty‐six participants wishing to stop benzodiazepine and who met DSM‐IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. American Psychological Association, 1994) criteria for anxiety disorder or insomnia were assessed pre‐ and post‐taper on clinical, pharmacological and psychosocial measures. An initial cohort of 41 participants received treatment as usual (taper only) plus physician counselling in the same clinic setting. A second cohort of 45 participants were randomly allocated to group cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) plus taper, or group support (GS) plus taper. At 3 months follow‐up, the outcomes in both the CBT and the GS subgroups were equivalent. Intention to treat analysis revealed a slight advantage to the CBT over the GS group and the CBT group showed higher self‐efficacy post‐taper.Over all 86 participants, a high‐baseline level of psychological distress, anxiety and dosage predicted a poor outcome, but increase in self‐efficacy contributed to a successful outcome particularly in those with initially poor baseline predictors. Although there was a decrease in positive affect during preliminary stages of tapered discontinuation compared to baseline, there was no significant overall increase in negative affect. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of mindfulness in obsessive compulsive disorder: suggestions for its application and integration in existing treatment
Authors: Fairfax Hamilton 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTreatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a standard activity of psychologists, particularly those in Community Mental Health Teams (CMHT). In 2005, NICE published guidelines recommending Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with Exposure and Response Prevention (ER‐P) as the evidence‐based psychological treatments of choice. In recent years there have been significant developments within cognitive behavioural theory, including what has been referred to as the ‘Third Wave’. This paper explores the contribution of mindfulness; a practice that has previously been integrated into other CBT models of treatment, to cognitive interventions in OCD, suggesting that in complements both CBT and ER—However it had previously been suggested by Freeston that mindfulness may prevent successful ER‐P by becoming a neutralising technique. Examples of the application of a mindfulness‐based approach are explored (MOCD), including reference to an OCD group run by the author, and areas of potential overlap are identified, in particular thought‐action Fusion. It is concluded that if applied properly, mindfulness not only complements traditional CBT interventions, but could also increase their efficacy and perhaps prevent relapse. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of child anxiety: an exploratory study of the role of maternal anxiety and behaviours in treatment outcome
Authors: Creswell Cathy , Willetts Lucy , Murray Lynne , Singhal Meghna , Cooper Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAnxiety disorders are common among parents of anxious children and have been found to impede child treatment outcomes, yet it is unclear whether it is parental anxiety that needs to be targeted in therapy or associated parental behaviours. Twenty‐two children (6–12 years) with a current anxiety disorder and their mothers received cognitive–behavioural treatment (CBT) for child anxiety. In addition, of the 12 mothers who met criteria for a current anxiety disorder, 6 received CBT for their own disorder. Assessments were made of the mother–child interaction. The main findings were: (1) children did less well from treatment where their mothers had a current anxiety disorder; (2) treatment of maternal anxiety disorder did not improve child treatment outcome; and (3) maternal overinvolvement and expression of fear was associated with child treatment outcome. The results suggest that in the context of maternal anxiety disorder, child treatment outcome may be improved by specifically targeting parenting behaviours. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cre transgene active in developing endodermal organs, heart, limb, and extra‐ocular muscle
Authors: Grieshammer Uta , Agarwal Pooja , Martin Gail R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCre‐mediated recombination, a method widely used in mice for tissue‐specific inactivation of endogenous genes or activation of transgenes, is critically dependent on the availability of mouse lines in which Cre recombinase functions in the tissue of interest or its progenitors. Here we describe a transgenic mouse line, Osr1‐cre, in which Cre is active from embryonic day (E)11.5 in a few specific tissues. These include the endoderm of the posterior foregut, midgut, hindgut, and developing urogenital system, the heart left atrium, extra‐ocular muscle progenitors, and mesenchyme in particular regions of the limb. Furthermore, starting at E12.5, Cre functions in limb interdigital mesenchyme. Within the urogenital system, recombination appears to be virtually complete in the epithelium of the bladder and urethra just posterior to it by E14.5. In males, some of these urethral cells form the prostate. The spatiotemporal pattern of Cre activity in Osr1‐cre makes it a unique resource among the lines available for Cre‐mediated recombination experiments. genesis 46:69–73, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue‐specific expression of Cre recombinase from the Tgfb3 locus
Authors: Yang Liang‐Tung , Li Wai‐Yee , Kaartinen Vesa 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTgfb3, a member of the TGF‐β superfamily, is tightly regulated, both spatially and temporally, during embryogenesis. Previous mouse knockout studies have demonstrated that Tgfb3 is absolutely required for normal palatal fusion and pulmonary development. We have generated a novel tool to ablate genes in Tgfb3‐expressing cells by targeting the promoterless Cre‐pgk‐Neo cassette into exon 1 of the mouse Tgfb3 gene, which generates a functionally null Tgfb3 allele. Using the Rosa26 reporter assay, we demonstrate that Cre‐induced recombination was already induced at embryonal day 10 (E10) in the ventricular myocardium, limb buds, and otic vesicles. At E14, robust recombination was detected in the prefusion palatal epithelium. Deletion of the TGF‐β type I receptor Alk5 (Tgfbr1) specifically in Tgfb3 expressing cells using the Tgfb3‐Cre driver line lead to a cleft palate phenotype similar to that seen in conventional Tgfb3 null mutants. In addition, Alk5/ Tgfb3‐Cre mice displayed hydrocephalus, and severe intracranial bleeding due to germinal matrix hemorrhage. genesis 46:112–118, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of the Diketonato Ligand on the Cytotoxicities of [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)(R2acac)(PTA)]+ Complexes (PTA = 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane)
Authors: Vock Carsten A. , Renfrew Anna K. , Scopelliti Rosario , Juillerat‐Jeanneret Lucienne , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA series of compounds of general formula [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)(R2acac)(PTA)][X] (R2acac = Me2acac, tBu2acac, Ph2acac, Me2acac‐Cl; PTA = 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane; X = BPh4, BF4), and the precursor to the Me2acac‐Cl derivative [Ru(η6‐p‐cymene)(Me2acac‐Cl)Cl], have been prepared and characterised spectroscopically. Five of the compounds have also been characterised in the solid state by X‐ray crystallography. The tetrafluoroborate salts are water‐soluble, quite resistant to hydrolysis, and have been evaluated for cytotoxicity against A549 lung carcinoma and A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. The compounds are cytotoxic towards the latter cell line, and relative activities are discussed in terms of hydrolysis (less important) and lipophilicity, which appears to exert the dominating influence. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
How a major multinational is working to overcome the barriers to improved expatriate ROI
Authors: McNulty Yvonne 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDespite the growing use of international assignments and the high cost of expatriates, few global firms have found the key to gauging the success of their mobility program, especially their expatriate return on investment (ROI). The author reports on one global firm that has made great strides towards a practical ROI tool by targeting the fundamental systems and processes needed to manage international assignments. The author also makes the case that an assignment's purpose, relative to business and/or organizational strategies, determines the types of inputs and outcomes to measure; and that ROI determinations for expatriates must include intangible and long‐term benefits and costs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical properties of auxetic tubular truss‐like structures
Authors: Scarpa F. , Smith C. W. , Ruzzene M. , Wadee M. K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe mechanical properties of cellular tubular structures made of centresymmetric cells are evaluated using analytical and numerical simulations. A theoretical model based on bending stiffness of the single ribs composing the unit cell of the tubes is developed, providing estimations for the Poisson's ratios and uniaxial stiffness of the tubular grid‐like structures, as well as their Eulerian buckling load. Full 3D Finite Element models in linear elastic regime are used to validate the theoretical results. A continuum nonlinear tube bending model is also presented to show the dependence of the curvature‐bending moment versus the Poisson's ratio of the core. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Monte Carlo approach for change‐point detection in the Cox proportional hazards model
Authors: Liu Mengling , Lu Wenbin , Shao Yongzhao 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDetecting a time lag of treatment effect or identifying change points in a hazard function is of great interest and importance in survival analysis. The testing procedures hereto are primarily based on analytical approximations for the asymptotic null distribution of either the likelihood ratio test or the score test. In the presence of random censoring and/or covariates, however, the justification for the limiting distribution often requires some technical assumptions and conditions that are difficult to verify in practice. Moreover, a satisfactory asymptotic theory for testing the existence of multiple change points in hazard function has not emerged. In this paper, we consider maximal score tests for detecting change point(s) in the Cox proportional hazards model with censored data. We propose to use a simple Monte Carlo approach for assessing the statistical significance of tests. The proposed approach is applicable for testing a single change point in the Cox model with covariates and sample stratifications over various types of candidate regions, including discrete time‐point sets or disjoint intervals. We also show that the proposed test statistics and the Monte Carlo procedure are well applicable under situations with multiple change points. Simulation studies and an analysis of a real data from a randomized cancer trial are conducted to demonstrate the finite‐sample performance of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of Pentafluorobenzyl Oxime Derivatives of Long Chain Aldehydes by GC–MS Analysis
Authors: Brahmbhatt Viral V. , Nold Christopher , Albert Carolyn J. , Ford David A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNegative ion mass spectrometric techniques, for compounds having good ionization properties, such as pentafluorobenzyl derivatives, are believed to be more sensitive than positive ion methods. Preparation of PFB oximes of fatty aldehydes from crude lipid extracts is problematic due to the release of free aldehydes from plasmalogens during derivatization. Accordingly, in these studies plasmalogens were removed by silicic acid column chromatography prior to pentafluorobenzyl derivatization. This simple purification step to remove plasmalogens is shown to facilitate the quantification of long‐chain aldehydes by analysis of their pentafluorobenzyl oxime derivatives utilizing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the negative ion chemical ionization mode. The limit of detection for long chain fatty aldehydes using this method is 0.5 pmol and it is linear over two orders of magnitude. Silicic acid column chromatography followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry demonstrated that plasmalogens were removed (the detection limit for this analyses was ≤0.3 pmol). Furthermore, we have exploited the utility and sensitivity of this method to identify increases in hexadecanal and octadecanal in 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole treated human neutrophils.
Destabilization of the Emulsion Formed during Aqueous Extraction of Soybean Oil
Authors: Morales Chabrand Ramón , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Zhang Cheng , Glatz Charles E. , Jung Stephanie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCharacterization and destabilization of the emulsion formed during aqueous extraction of oil from soybean flour were investigated. This emulsion was collected as a cream layer and was subjected to various single and combined treatments, including thermal treatments and enzymatic treatments, aimed at recovery of free oil. The soybean oil emulsion formed during the aqueous extraction processing of full fat flour contains high molecular weight glycinin and β‐conglycinin proteins and smaller oleosin proteins, which form a multilayer interface. Heat treatment alone did not modify the free oil recovery but freeze–thaw treatment increased the oil yield from 3 to 22%. After enzymatic treatment of the emulsion, its mean droplet size changed from 5 to 14 μm and the oil recovery increased to 23%. This increase could be attributed to the removal (due to enzymatic hydrolysis) of large molecular weight polypeptides from the emulsion interface, resulting in partial emulsion destabilization. When enzymatic treatment was followed by a freeze–thaw step, the oil recovery increased to 46%. This result can be attributed to the thinner interfacial membrane after enzymatic hydrolysis, partial coalescence during freeze–thaw, and coalescence during centrifugation. Despite the reduction in emulsion stability achieved, additional demulsification approaches need to be pursued to obtain an acceptably high conversion to free oil.
Primary early correction of tetralogy of Fallot irrespective of age
Authors: Kantorova Andrea , Zbieranek Kai , Sauer Henning , Lilje Christian , Haun Christoph , Hraska Viktor 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe policy of early repair of patients with tetralogy of Fallot, irrespective of age, as opposed to initial palliation with a shunt, remains controversial. The aim of our study was to analyze the midterm outcome of primary early correction of tetralogy of Fallot.MethodsBetween 1996 and 2005, a total of 61 consecutive patients less than 6 months of age underwent primary correction of tetralogy of Fallot in two institutions. The median age at surgery was 3.3 months, and 27 patients (44%) were younger than 3 months of age, including 12 (20%) newborns. We analyzed the patients in 2 groups: those younger than 3 months of age, and those aged between 3 and 6 months.ResultsThere was one early (1.6%), and one late death. Actuarial survival was 98.4%, 96.7%, 96.7% at 1, 5, and 10 years respectively, with a median follow up of 4.5 years. There was no difference in survival, bypass time, lengths of ventilation, and hospital stay between the groups. A transjunctional patch was placed significantly more often in the patients younger than 3 months (p = 0.039), with no adverse effect on survival and morbidity during the follow-up. Freedom from reoperation was 98.2%, 92.2%, and 83% at 1, 5, and 10 years respectively, with no difference between the groups.ConclusionElective primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot in asymptomatic patients is delayed beyond 3 months of age. In symptomatic patients, primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot is performed irrespective of age, weight and preoperative state. This approach is safe, and provides an excellent midterm outcome with acceptable morbidity and rates of reintervention. The long-term benefits of this approach must be established by careful follow-up, with particular emphasis on arrhythmias, right ventricular function, and exercise performance.
On inertial waves in the Earth's fluid core
Authors: Zhang Keke 
Published: February 2008

New classes of inertial oscillation mode in the form of equatorially trapped boundary waves are discovered. The structure and frequency of the waves are hardly affected by the presence of an inner sphere if the azimuthal wavenumberwhere η = ri/ro, the radius ratio of a spherical shell. Also discovered is that equatorially symmetric inertial waves belong to particular subclasses of thermal instabilities. The problem of the inertial waves can therefore be understood within the framework of instability theory. The findings provide valuable insights into many geophysical phenomena, not only for the Earth's fluid core but atmospheres and oceans as well.
Broadband waveform modelling of anomalous strong ground motion in the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake using three‐dimensional geologic structures
Authors: Lomax Anthony J. , Bolt Bruce A. 
Published: February 2008

Strong motion recordings of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake show a large, coherent SH wave displacement pulse across much of the San Francisco Bay area. This distinctive ground motion has been modelled using approximate, broadband synthetics for a double‐couple centroid source in a 3‐D crustal model for the region. The synthetics indicate that (1) horizontal bending and focusing of SH waves by the lateral crustal velocity contrast across the San Andreas fault and (2) the source radiation pattern, contribute significantly to the observed azimuthal variation of the SH pulse and hence to the regional variations of strong ground shaking in the period range of 1 to 8 sec. In addition, the scattering of surface‐reflected shear waves by deep basins under the Santa Clara Valley may contribute to increased coda amplitude and duration observed for sites around Oakland.The wave modelling also supports the earlier conclusion that an increase in intensity in portions of San Francisco and Oakland is in part the result of energy reflected from the base of the crust [Somerville and Yoshimura, 1990].