bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroblastoma: an analysis of 160 cases
Authors: Grosfeld Jay L. , Baehner Robert L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNeuroblastoma was observed in 160 patients from 1948–1978. Ninety‐seven patients were boys and 63 were girls. At diagnosis, 74 patients were less than 2 years of age, 28 between 2–3 years, and 58 over 3 years. Sixty‐two (38%) patients had localized disease, while 98 (62%) had metastases. Patients were grouped by extent of disease according to the staging criteria of Evans et al.: stage I (5), stage II (31), stage III (26), stage IV (82), stage IV‐S (16). Tumors occurred in the neck (3), mediastinum (16), abdomen (136), and pelvis (3). Clinical findings often included abdominal mass, weight loss, anemia, bone pain, and proptosis. Six patients had diarrhea and 3 had cerebellar ataxia and nystagmus. Lesions were often calcified (>50%), and bone marrow aspirate frequently demonstrated tumor clumps (rosettes). Urinary VMA was elevated in 85% of cases.Therapy varied according to stage. Stage I patients received operative excision alone and stage II patients operative resection with radiation for residual tumor and/or positive lymph nodes. Stage III patients were managed aggressively with operative resection (when possible), irradiation, and combination chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, DTIC, Adriamycin®, VM‐26). Patients with metastases (stage IV) were initially treated with multiagent chemotherapy with late “second‐look” or delayed primary laparotomy for tumor resection done in clinical responders.Two‐year disease‐free survival occurred in 57 of 160 patients or 35.6%. Survival rates were best for infants under age 1 year (74%) and for patients with stage I (100%), stage II (74%) and stage IV‐S (75%) tumors. There was improved survival in patients with tumors that occurred in the neck (100%), pelvis (100%), and mediastinum (75%). Survival rates were poor in patients over 2 years of age (13–17%), with abdominal tumors (28%), and with stage III (34%) and stage IV (10%) tumors. While chemotherapy and irradiation have improved tumor response, survival rate has not been improved. Immunotherapy has been disappointing. Unfortunately, at the present time, there is no specific chemotherapeutic agent that has a curative effect on this tumor.
Esophageal intubation for carcinoma of the esophagus
Authors: Procter Desmond S. C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractOver 2500 cases of esophageal carcinoma were studied, the large majority having incurable disease. Most palliative measures have proved unsatisfactory to date, especially in patients unfit for “active” palliation such as surgery or radiotherapy. The most effective palliation achieved in the cases studied was by means of the Procter‐Livingstone endoesophageal tube, which achieves immediate palliation and can be inserted by a simple technique, almost as an outpatient procedure. The prosthesis is safe and quick to insert, in most cases by esophagoscopy. The results have been most satisfactory under the circumstances, with a low operative mortality rate and almost no morbidity. The technique has been especially useful with fistulae. The commonest complication has been proximal displacement of the tube. A newer design is now used which effectively prevents this. Other complications have been the same as those that accompany esophagoscopy itself. This method of intubation should not be regarded as a favorable alternative to surgery where this is possible. Compared to 18 other prostheses described in the literature, the one that we have used is much safer, quicker, and easier to insert.
Analysis of 607 cases of choledochal sphincterotomy
Authors: Arianoff André A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis is a report of the morbidity and mortality rates in 607 patients who underwent sphincterotomy (SPH), 324 of whom were more than 60 years of age. During the operation there were technical errors in 6 cases; a false passage was made in 5 (and recognized in 4); and the duodenal wall was lacerated and repaired in 1. Postoperative morbidity developed in 43 patients (7.1%) and included general disorders in 16 (2.6%), operative complications unrelated to SPH in 12 (2.0%), and complications due to SPH in the remaining 15 (2.5%). The SPH‐related complications included hemobilia (5 cases), subphrenic or perinephric abscess (4 cases), and biliary or jejunal fistula (3 cases). Postoperative mortality rate was 3.1% (19 cases). Eight of these deaths (1.3%) were due to abdominal complications which included acute pancreatitis (4), hemobilia (2), biliary fistula (2), and duodenal fistula (1). Of 544 patients reviewed after more than 1 year, there were only 12 failures (2.2%) and 23 minor sequelae. It is concluded that sphincterotomy, if correctly performed, is associated with low morbidity and mortality rates, and excellent long‐term results in 94% of patients.
The biology and control of surface overhealing
Authors: Cohen I. Kelman , McCoy Barbara J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractLesions of “surface overhealing” include keloid, hypertrophic scar, and burn scar. All are characterized by overabundant collagen deposition. The biology of these lesions is reviewed, suggesting that abnormal collagen metabolism results from alterations in the inflammatory/immune response. Practical and theoretical treatment plans are outlined based on methods that alter collagen metabolism, the inflammatory/immune system or rely on physical alterations (surgery, pressure).
Monitoring heparin therapy with thromboelastography and activated partial thromboplastin time
Authors: Lee Bok Y. , Taha Salah , Trainor Frieda S. , Kavner David , McCann William J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBlood coagulability in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy has been studied using the Thromboelastograph® and activated partial thromboplastin time. Currently used tests, such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and whole blood clotting time, lack sensitivity and do not correlate well with clinically significant bleeding and clotting events. The Thromboelastograph® is an instrument that allows continuous measurement of overall coagulation and fibrinolysis. Sixty patients on heparin therapy were monitored with thromboelastography and activated partial thromboplastin time. Continuous heparin infusion or intermittent administration was used. The Thromboelastograph® was found to be a more sensitive device for detection of response to heparin than APTT. Early response to heparin was reflected in the reaction time, k time, and maximum amplitude of the thromboelastogram. A more precise administration of heparin was made possible, resulting in use of less heparin and a more stable patient response. A more individualized approach to the patient's therapy was achieved by monitoring with the Thromboelastograph, and the best results were obtained with continuous infusion rather than intermittent administration of heparin.
Results of acute and chronic experiments with assisted and total artificial heart
Authors: Taguchi Kazumi , Mochizuki Takaaki , Nakagaki Mitsuru , Kado Shigenobu , Takamura Keiichi , Miyoshi Nobukasu , Murashita Junji , Maruyama Takashi , Matsumara Makato 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAn assisted artificial heart and a total artificial heart were implanted in 108 calves. Two types of assisted artificial heart, a bladder type and a diaphragm type made of silastic and segmented polyurethane, were tested in left atrial (LA) or left ventricular (LV) to abdominal aorta bypass. Of 40 calves that received LA bypass, 6 survived for more than 100 hours. Of 35 calves that received LV bypass, 18 survived for more than 100 hours. In the total artificial heart experiments, an oval‐ or sphere‐shaped total artificial heart was implanted in 13 calves after 20 pilot experiments. That longest survival period was 864 hours (about 36 days), and the average survival time was 8.5 days.
Selective proximal vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer
Authors: Kuzin M. I. , Postolov P. M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSelective proximal vagotomy (SPV) was performed in 210 patients and SPV with pyloroplasty (SPV + PP) in 31 patients with duodenal ulceration. Following SPV alone, BAO was decreased by 92.4%, MAO after histamine stimulation by 74.3%, and MAO after insulin stimulation by 99.7%. Following SPV + PP, the reductions were 90%, 73%, and 92.5%, respectively. SPV did not suppress gastric acid secretion as extensively as partial gastrectomy, or vagotomy with antrectomy. The function of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, which may be disturbed by peptic ulcer disease, returned to normal after SPV. The postoperative mortality rate for SPV was 0.5%, and postoperative complications were uncommon. The incidence of recurrent ulcer was 1.9%.
Progress in the treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Lawrie Gerald M. , Crawford E. Stanley , Morris George C. , Howell Jimmy F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis report summarizes the clinical, pathological, and surgical aspects of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. The significant risk of rupture of these aneurysms is well documented. Although large aneurysms are more prone to rupture, the risk of rupture of small aneurysms less than 4 cm in diameter is well established. While most aneurysms are a result of atherosclerosis, a small number are mycotic in origin or secondary to a dissection trauma or previous aortic surgery. Rupture of abdominal aneurysms occurs into the retroperitoneum in about ¾ of cases, and into the peritoneal cavity in the remainder. Occasionally rupture occurs into the small bowel or the inferior vena cava with fistula formation. The classical clinical features are abdominal or back pain, hypotension, and a pulsatile tender abdominal mass, but in many cases diagnosis has been delayed because of atypical presentations, in particular the absence of hypotension. Successful treatment requires immediate operation with control of the proximal abdominal aorta. Graft replacement is then performed. Avoidance of technical problems is essential, in particular damage to the great veins. Utilizing these principles we have achieved a major reduction in mortality rate in our own experience. In a series of 61 patients, overall mortality was only 14.8%. The causes of death were related to preoperative hypotension causing acute myocardial infarction, renal failure, and respiratory failure. The major factors responsible for these improved results were immediate operation with rapid proximal aortic control, avoidance of left thoracotomy, absence of technical errors, and expeditious completion of the surgical procedure. Despite these improved results, emphasis must continue to be placed on prevention of rupture by diagnosis and treatment of the unruptured aneurysm.
Current status of medical therapy of acute dissecting aneurysms of the aorta
Authors: Wheat Myron W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn 6 series of patients with acute dissecting aneurysms of the aorta reported during 1970–1979, the best results were obtained by intensive drug therapy initially to correct hypertension and stabilize the patient, then diagnosis by aortography, and then surgical repair for Type A aneurysms involving the ascending aorta, and drug therapy alone for Type B aneurysms involving the descending thoracic aorta. Using this plan of treatment, mortality rates were 30% in patients with Type A dissections (surgical therapy) and 20% in those with Type B dissections (drug therapy).
Portal Hypertension: Contraindication to Liver Surgery?
Authors: Capussotti Lorenzo , Ferrero Alessandro , Viganò Luca , Muratore Andrea , Polastri Roberto , Bouzari Hedayat 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIntroductionIn recent decades liver resection has become a safe procedure, mainly because of better patient selection. Despite this progress, however, outcomes of hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension are still uncertain. The aim of this study was to elucidate early and long‐term outcomes of liver resection in these patients.MethodsBetween 1985 and 2003, a total of 245 cirrhotic patients underwent hepatectomy for HCC. Altogether, 217 patients were eligible for this analysis and were divided into two groups according to the presence of portal hypertension at the time of surgery: 99 patients with portal hypertension and 118 without it.ResultsPatients with portal hypertension had worse preoperative liver function (Child‐Pugh A class patients: 66.7% vs. 94.9%; P < 0.0001). No differences were encountered in terms of intraoperative and pathology data. Operative mortality was similar (11.1% vs. 5.1%; P = 0.100), but patients with portal hypertension had higher morbidity (43.4% vs. 30.5%; P = 0.049) and received a higher rate of blood and plasma transfusions (51.5% vs. 32.2%, P = 0.004; 77.8% vs. 57.6%, P = 0.0017). Considering only Child‐Pugh A patients, short‐term results were similar in the two groups in terms of mortality, morbidity, and transfusion rates. The 5‐year survival rate was significantly higher in patients without portal hypertension (39.8% vs. 28.9%; P = 0.020), although when considering only Child‐Pugh A patients no difference of survival was encountered. Multivariate analysis identified Child‐Pugh classification, tumor diameter, and vascular invasion as independent predicting factors for survival.ConclusionsPortal hypertension should not be considered an absolute contraindication to hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients. Child‐Pugh A patients with portal hypertension have short‐ and long‐term results similar to patients with normal portal pressure.
Major Hepatectomy in Children: Approaching Blood Transfusion‐free
Authors: Lin Chih‐Che , Chen Chao‐Long , Cheng Yu‐Fan , Chiu King‐Wah , Jawan Bruno , Hsaio Chih‐Cheng 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIntroductionMajor hepatectomy complicated with massive blood loss requires blood transfusion, which may result in increased morbidity and mortality. Intraoperative techniques and postoperative management that achieves blood transfusion‐free major hepatectomy in children are described.MethodsFourteen children with a mean age of 3.1 years and mean body weight of 14 kg underwent major hepatectomy between May 1994 and September 2002. Demographic information, surgical techniques, and intraoperative management were analyzed.ResultsHepatectomy included right trisegmentectomy in seven cases, extended right lobectomy in three, right lobectomy in two, and left lobectomy in two. Preoperative imaging, hemihepatic inflow control, intraoperative ultrasonography, and ultrasonic dissection were routinely applied. Fluid was restricted to target a low central venous pressure (5 cm H2O) during transection. Postoperative low hemoglobin (>6.3 g/dl) was tolerated in pediatric patients. There was no operative mortality or major complications and only two cases of pleural effusion. The mean blood loss was 68 ml (range 1.25–13.0 ml/kg), and no blood transfusions were required intraoperatively. Blood transfusion was given because of a liberal strategy for major operation in two patients and preoperative tumor bleeding in one.ConclusionsDespite being technically challenging, major hepatectomy can be performed with minimal blood loss and without blood transfusion in children to decrease postoperative complications.
Cell cycle analysis of in vitro cultured goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) adult skin fibroblasts
Authors: Hashem Md. Abul , Bhandari Dilip P. , Kang Sung Keun , Lee Byeong Chun , Suk Hwang Woo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to examine cell cycle characteristics of endangered Goral (CITES Appendix I) adult skin fibroblasts. Seven experiments were performed, each with a one‐way completely randomized design involving three replicates. Least significant difference (LSD) was used to determine variation among treatment groups. Experiment I focused on the effects of cycling, serum‐starved, and fully confluent stages of Goral cells. In Experiments II and III, the effects of different antioxidants like β‐mercaptoethanol (β‐ME, 10 μM), cysteine (2 mM), and glutathione (2 mM) were examined after cells were fully confluent without serum starvation for 24 h and 4 h, respectively. In Experiments IV and V, three protease inhibitors, namely 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP, 2 mM), cycloheximide (7.5 μg/ml) and cytochalasin B (7.5 μg/ml), were used as in Experiment II. In Experiments VI and VII, the effect of different levels of dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) at 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.5% were tested by flow cytometry (FACS). In Experiment I, 68.7% of Goral skin fibroblasts reached the G0/G1stage (2C DNA content) when subjected to the serum‐starved medium, which was more than the cycling (64.9%) and fully confluent groups (61.0%) (P> 0.05). Among the chemically treated group, β‐ME, cysteine and DMSO showed better results for synchronization of G0+ G1phases than cycling, serum‐starved and fully confluent groups. It can thus be concluded that β‐ME, cysteine and DMSO at certain concentrations can synchronize the cell cycle effectively, which could have a positive impact on somatic cell nuclear transfer in the goral.
HMG‐CoA reductase inhibition causes neurite loss by interfering with geranylgeranylpyrophosphate synthesis
Authors: Schulz Joachim G. , Bösel Julian , Stoeckel Magali , Megow Dirk , Dirnagl Ulrich , Endres Matthias 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTo determine whether neurite outgrowth depends upon the mevalonate pathway, we blocked mevalonate synthesis in nerve growth factor‐treated PC12 cells or primary cortical neurones with atorvastatin, a 3‐hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitor, and substituted different intermediates of the mevalonate pathway. We show that HMG‐CoA reductase inhibition causes a profound reduction of neurite length, neurite loss and ultimatively cell death in undifferentiated and pre‐differentiated PC12 cells and also in rat primary cortical neurones. Geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, but not farnesylpyrophosphate, squalene or cholesterol, completely compensated for the lack of mevalonate. Our data indicate that, under HMG‐CoA reductase inhibition, geranylgeranylpyrophosphate rather than farnesylpyrophosphate or cholesterol is critical for neurite outgrowth and/or maintenance. Loss of neurites is an early manifestation of various neurodegenerative disorders, and dysfunction of isoprenylation might play a role in their pathogenesis.
Unsuccessful Acupuncture Conversion of Breech Presentation
Authors: Vuković-Bobić M. , Habek D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA case is presented of fetal oblique position with compound presentation, where acupuncture conversion of breech presentation failed due to the umbilical being wrapped three times
around the fetus with a knot in the umbilical cord, so that delivery was terminated by cesarean section. Conversion of the fetal breech presentation was induced by manual acupuncture
stimulation of the UB 67 acupoint with simultaneous CTG control in the 35th week of pregnancy. During the first acupuncture stimulation, CTG showed protracted uterine contraction with
subsequent regular low amplitude contractions with intensified fetal activity and CTG curve reactivity. In the 39th week of gestation, the patient felt regular contractions verified by
CTG records showing reactive curves. Obstetrical examination revealed a cervical dilatation of 4 cm, a compound presentation involving both legs and the umbilical cord, and oblique
position. Therefore, a cesarean section according to a modified Misgav-Ladach method was performed and the patient gave birth to a healthy male neonate (3330 g, 49 cm, Apgar 10/10, pH
7.334). The obstetrician should warn the patient of the potential risks and complications associated with any method of breech presentation conversion.
Shotgun proteomics of cyanobacteria—applications of experimental and data-mining techniques
Authors: Barrios-Llerena Martin E. , Chong Poh Kuan , Gan Chee Sian , Snijders Ambrosius P. L. , Reardon Kenneth F. , Wright Phillip C. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria notable for their ability to produce hydrogen and a variety of interesting secondary metabolites. As a result of the growing number of completed cyanobacterial genome projects, the development of post-genomics analysis for this important group has been accelerating. DNA microarrays and classical two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) were the first technologies applied in such analyses. In many other systems, ‘shotgun’ proteomics employing multi-dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry has proven to be a powerful tool. However, this approach has been relatively under-utilized in cyanobacteria. This study assesses progress in cyanobacterial shotgun proteomics to date, and adds a new perspective by developing a protocol for the shotgun proteomic analysis of the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, a model for N2 fixation. Using approaches for enhanced protein extraction, 646 proteins were identified, which is more than double the previous results obtained using 2DE. Notably, the improved extraction method and shotgun approach resulted in a significantly higher representation of basic and hydrophobic proteins. The use of protein bioinformatics tools to further mine these shotgun data is illustrated through the application of PSORTb for localization, the grand average hydropathy (GRAVY) index for hydrophobicity, LipoP for lipoproteins and the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) for abundance. The results are compared with the most well-studied cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Some general issues in shotgun proteome identification and quantification are then addressed.
The impact of later trading hours for hotels on levels of impaired driver road crashes and driver breath alcohol levels
Authors: Chikritzhs Tanya , Stockwell Tim 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTAim To examine the impact of later trading hours for licensed hotels in Perth, Western Australia on levels of associated impaired driver road crashes and driver breath alcohol levels (BALs).Design Police data on the ‘last place of drinking’ for impaired drivers involved in road crashes and their corresponding BALs were examined to identify those associated with Perth hotels between 1 July 1990 and 30 June 1997. During this period, 43 (23%) of the 186 hotels meeting study criteria were granted an Extended Trading Permit for 1 a.m. closing (ETP hotels), while the rest continued to close at midnight (non‐ETP hotels). Time‐series analyses employing multiple linear regressions were applied to determine whether an association existed between the introduction of extended trading and (i) monthly levels of impaired driver road crashes associated with ETP hotels and (ii) driver BALs associated with ETP hotels. Trends associated with non‐ETP hotels were included as controls and possible confounders were considered.Findings After controlling for the trend in crash rates associated with non‐ETP hotels and the introduction of mobile police breath testing stations to Perth freeways, a significant increase in monthly crash rates for ETP hotels was found. This relationship was largely accounted for by higher volumes of high‐alcohol content beer, wine and spirits purchased by ETP hotels. No relation was found between driver BALs and the introduction of ETPs.Conclusions Late trading was associated with increased levels of impaired driver road crashes and alcohol consumption, particularly high‐risk alcoholic beverages. Greater numbers of patrons and characteristics specific to clientele of hotels which applied for late trading hours (i.e. younger age, greater propensity to drunk‐drive, preference for high‐risk beverages) were suggested as having contributed to this increase.