bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parvovirus B19 genotypes 1 and 2 detection with real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays
Authors: Koppelman M. H. G. M. , Rood I. G. H. , Fryer J. F. , Baylis S. A. , Cuypers H. T. M. 
Published: August 2007

Background and Objectives  Parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA screening has been introduced to comply with European regulations for certain plasma products. Current commercial and some in‐house B19V DNA assays fail to detect or under‐quantify the recently identified genotypes 2 and 3. In this report, we describe 2‐year experience with B19V DNA screening using the commercial assay from Roche (detecting only genotype 1) combined with an in‐house assay (detecting genotypes 1, 2 and 3). This dual testing approach enables the identification of molecular variants of B19V.Materials and Methods  Between 2005 and 2007, approximately 2·6 million plasma donations were screened for B19V DNA loads exceeding 106 IU/ml using the Roche and the in‐house real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay.Results  A total of 232 plasma units were identified with B19V DNA loads above 106 IU/ml. Concordant results were observed for the majority of B19V positive samples; however, three of these showed discrepant results between the two assay systems. One was a B19V genotype 2 strain not detected by the Roche assay; another was a B19V genotype 1 strain with a mismatch in the 3′‐end of the reverse primer and therefore under‐quantified by the Roche assay; and the third one was also a B19V genotype 1 strain that gave an unusual amplification plot in the in‐house assay due to a mismatch in the probe‐binding site.Conclusions  New, high viral load, B19V genotypes 2 and 3 infections are rare in blood donors tested by Sanquin. One case was found while testing 2·6 million donations. The prevalence of B19V genotype 1 variants not detected by commercial or in‐house assays might be in the same range or even higher than the prevalence of B19V genotype 2 viruses, which remain undetected.
Incidence of transfusion‐induced platelet‐reactive antibodies evaluated by specific assays for the detection of human leucocyte antigen and human platelet antigen antibodies
Authors: Fontão‐Wendel R. , Silva L. C. N. , Saviolo C. B. R. , Primavera B. , Wendel S. 
Published: August 2007

Background and Objectives  The aim of this work was to study the incidence of transfusion‐induced platelet‐reactive antibodies in a selective patient population and evaluate different methodologies for platelet antibody screening (PAS).Materials and Methods  The patients were retrospectively selected and divided into three separate groups: haematological malignancies (Group 1: n = 33); cardiac and orthopaedic patients (Group 2: n = 31) and a control group (Group 3: n = 23) selected with the same diagnoses of Group 2. PRE‐ and POST‐transfusion samples were tested for PAS by the following tests: PIFT (platelet immunofluorescence test), MAIPA (monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigen), Flow PRA® and LCT (lymphocytotoxicity test).Results  There was not a 100% concordance among the methodologies used. PIFT, MAIPA and Flow PRA presented very similar results whereas that of LCT differed from the other methods. A high rate of positive results (32%) was found in the PRE samples followed by an increase of almost 50% after blood transfusion (POST samples: 42·5% of positivity), but there was a statistical difference (P < 0·05) between the PRE and POST transfusion sample only for the Flow PRA® technique tested on Group 2. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I antibodies were present on 97·4% of POST positive samples, 5·4% presented anti‐human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1b antibodies and 8·1% presented a mix of panreactive antibodies against glycoprotein IIbIIIa, IaIIa and IbIX.Conclusions  Blood transfusion did not increase the rate of alloimmunization in our haematological patients (Group 1); however, the patients were already admitted with a high rate of alloimmunization (12%). Group 2 patients are being immunized and the impact of this procedure remains to be studied as these patients may eventually undergo further hospitalization and receive more blood transfusion.
Morphology of the Third Eyelid and Superficial Gland of the Third Eyelid on Pig Fetuses
Authors: Klećkowska‐Nawrot J. , Dzięgiel P. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe morphological and histological examinations of the third eyelid and superficial gland of the third eyelid were conducted in pig fetuses coming from the 20th, 24th, 27th, 30th, 35th, 50th, 63rd, 94th and 112th day of gestation. The morphological examinations were carried out by applying the method of macroscopic preparation with a forehead magnifying glass and binocular (magnification 1.5–5.0×). In order to make anatomical elements more visible, 60–80% absolute alcohol and 0.5–4% acetic acid solution were used for the examinations. On the 20th, 24th, 27th and 30th day of gestation, the whole fetuses were collected for the histological examinations. The whole eyeball with developing accessory organs was collected from the pig fetuses on the 35th day of gestation. On the 50th, 63rd, 94th and 112th day of gestation, only the superficial gland with the third eyelid was collected. Staining with haematoxylin‐eosin (H‐E) and Azan method was performed. On the 20th, 24th, 27th and 30th day of gestation, the primordia of the glandular epithelium were not found in the examined material. The process of the third eyelid and superficial gland formation starts on the 35th day of gestation. On the 50th and 63rd day of gestation, the gland surrounding the cartilage of the third eyelid is composed of the high amount of loose connective tissue and gland cells which give rise to excretory segments. On the 94th day of gestation, the gland lobes become visible, the efferent ducts form. On the 112th day, the cartilage of the third eyelid assumes the appearance of the mature hyaline cartilage. The excretory segments are composed of simple cuboid epithelium with a large, round nucleus arranged less or more peripherally. Their number increases 2‐ or even 3‐fold at the end of gestation.
Difference in the Length of the Medial and Lateral Metacarpal and Metatarsal Condyles in Calves and Cows – A Post‐Mortem Study
Authors: Nacambo S. , Hässig M. , Lischer C. , Nuss K. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryMeasurements were taken in the metacarpal and metatarsal bones in 42 calves and 10 dairy cows post‐mortem to determine whether there are anatomical differences in bone length. Manual and digital measurements of various bone length parameters were taken. There was a significant difference in the mean length of the condyles of the metacarpal and the metatarsal bones in calves and cows, the lateral condyle being longer than the medial. In all but one metatarsal bone (98.8%), the lateral condyle was longer than the medial. In the metacarpal bones, the lateral condyle was longer in only 52.4% of the bones, in 21.2%, they had the same length and in 27.4% the medial condyle was longer. These intrinsic anatomical differences can help distinguish between the left and right metacarpal and metatarsal bones, for instance, in anatomical and archaeological studies. Knowledge of these differences might be useful for studies on digit function and on the possible predisposition of cattle to claw diseases in the lateral claws of the hind limbs.
Macroscopic Anatomy of the Heart of the Ringed Seal (Phoca hispida)
Authors: Smodlaka H. , Henry R. W. , Schumacher J. , Reed R. B. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryAnatomical properties of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida) heart and associated blood vessels reveal adaptations related to requirements for diving. Seven adult ringed seals were embalmed and dissected to document the gross anatomical features of the heart. Computed tomography images of the thoracic cavity were taken on one seal prior to dissection. The shape and position of the heart is different from the typical carnivore heart. The most notable difference is its dorsoventral flattened appearance with its right and left sides positioned, respectively, within the thoracic cavity. The long axis of the heart is positioned horizontally, parallel to the sternum. The right ventricle is spacious with thin walls which extend caudally to the apex of the heart such that the apex is comprised of both right and left ventricles. The cusps of the left atrioventricular valve of the ringed seal heart resemble an uninterrupted, circular curtain making it challenging to distinguish the divisions into parietal and septal cusps.
Eye Morphology in some Wild Rodents
Authors: Lluch S. , Ventura J. , López‐Fuster M. J. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe eye anatomy of six rodent species (Murinae: Apodemus sylvaticus, Mus domesticus, and Mus spretus; Arvicolinae: Clethrionomys glareolus, Arvicola terrestris and Microtus arvalis) was compared by means of light or electron microscopy to determine adaptive, and evolutive signals. Our observations revealed inter‐specific morphological differences, which were moderate among representatives of the same subfamily. Specifically, traits that distinguished murines from arvicolines were the globe’s relative size, the pupillary constrictor muscle, the amount of retinal epithelium melanin, and the thickness of certain ocular coats. Moreover, adaptations to new habitats and differences in temporal activity among species of the same subfamily determined discords respect to the phylogenetic patterns. This was true of the adaptations to underground conditions seen in A. terrestris, which involved the thickness of the cornea, sclera, and choroids. Likewise, A. sylvaticus had adaptations to its nocturnal lifestyle, as shown by the large overall size of the eye and lens, and by a large, thick cornea.
Morphology of Lacrimal Gland in Pig Fetuses
Authors: Klećkowska‐Nawrot J. , Dzięgiel P. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe morphological and histological examinations of the lacrimal gland were conducted on pig fetuses coming from the 20th, 24th, 27th, 30th, 35th, 50th, 63rd, 94th and 112th day of gestation. The morphological examinations were carried out using the method of macroscopic preparation with a forehead magnifying glass and binocular (magnification 1.5–5.0×). In order to better visualize the anatomical elements, 60–80% absolute alcohol and 0.5–4% acetic acid solution were used for the examinations. On the 20th, 24th, 27th, and 30th day of gestation the whole fetuses were collected for the histological examinations. The whole eyeball with developing accessory organs was collected from the pig fetuses on the 35th day of gestation. On the 50th, 63rd, 94th and 112th day of gestation only the lacrimal gland was collected. Staining with H–E and Azan method was performed. On the 20th, 24th, 27th, 30th and 35th day of gestation ectodermal cells were not found in the collected material. On the 50th and 63rd day of gestation the connective tissue divides the gland parenchyma into indistinct lobes composed of gland cells. On the 94th day of gestation the number of lobes is substantially higher than on the 50th and 63rd day of gestation, while the number of lobules forming lobes decreases. On the 112th day of gestation each lobe is composed of 8–22 excretory ducts made up of the simple cuboid epithelium with a round nucleus arranged less or more peripherally.
A Cost of Leadership in Human Groups
Authors: Piyapong Chantima , Morrell Lesley J. , Croft Darren P. , Dyer John R. G. , Ioannou Christos C. , Krause Jens 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGroup living is the result of a dynamic trade‐off between associated costs and benefits. However, these costs and benefits are not necessarily distributed equally across different spatial positions of groups which may result in different fitness returns for individuals occupying different positions in groups. Here we consider whether leadership of a group during a navigation task in humans may have a specific cost associated with it. Pairs of students performed a counting task whilst walking through two obstacle courses, once as leader and once as follower. We found that leaders made significantly more errors in the counting task than followers suggesting that there is an attention cost associated with leadership/navigation behaviour.
Prey Capture Behaviour in the Social Spider Anelosimus eximius (Araneae: Theridiidae): Responses to Prey Size and Type
Authors: Souza Andréa L.T. , Gonzaga Marcelo O. , Vasconcellos‐Neto João 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSome species of web building spiders use different capture tactics for different prey types. The main factors influencing the attack behaviour are the ability of the insect to escape, the risks of injury to the spiders and prey size. This study evaluated the effects of size and prey type on prey capture behaviour of the social spider Anelosimus eximius as influenced by the number of spiders attracted by prey movements that did not bite until the immobilization (bystanders) and the number of spiders that contributed to prey immobilization (catchers). We carried out a two‐factor (prey size and type) experiment offering prey belonging to four orders: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Orthoptera, in a size gradient within each prey type. Both factors influenced the number of spiders recruited as bystanders, but only prey body size influenced the number of catchers in the subduing process. The possible advantages of the presence of bystanders around the interception site are discussed.
Social Experience During Development and Female Offspring Aggression in Peromyscus Mice
Authors: Bester‐Meredith Janet K. , Marler Catherine A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCross‐fostering between the highly aggressive, biparental California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) and the less aggressive, less parental white‐footed mouse (P. leucopus) influences female offspring attack latency in California mice, but not in white‐footed mice. Adult female California mice raised by white‐footed mice expressed longer attack latencies in a neutral‐arena test but not in a resident‐intruder test. One social cue that may be used by offspring to develop environmentally appropriate levels of aggression is the type of parental care during development. In California mice, a composite score of maternal behavior was positively associated with neutral‐arena aggression as indicated by decreased attack latency. In both species, paternal nest‐building was positively associated with neutral‐arena aggression and higher maternal retrieval behavior predicted higher offspring resident‐intruder aggression as indicated by decreased attack latency. Together, these results indicate that parental behavior has the potential to shape the development of attack latency in female offspring.
Positive Relationship between Signalling Time and Flight Capability in the Texas Field Cricket, Gryllus texensis
Authors: Bertram Susan M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA trade‐off between dispersal ability and reproduction is generally thought to explain the persistence of wing dimorphism in insects, although this trade‐off has received minimal attention in male insects. Research on male sand cricket, Gryllus firmus, supports the trade‐off hypothesis insofar as flight capable cricket’s spend significantly less time signalling for potential mates than their flightless counterparts. By contrast, here I show that this expected trade‐off between signalling time and wing dimorphism does not exist in a male congener, the Texas field cricket (Gryllus texensis). In G. texensis, flight capable males signal twice as often as flightless males. Thus, unless male G. texensis express trade‐offs between dispersal ability and other, presently unmeasured components of reproduction, the trade‐off hypothesis may not explain the persistence of wing dimorphism in all male insects.
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MAGNESIUM AGAINST ISCHAEMIA–REPERFUSION INJURY THROUGH INHIBITION OF P‐SELECTIN IN RATS
Authors: Ying Shu‐Qin , Fang Lu , Xiang Mei‐Xiang , Xu Geng , Shan Jiang , Wang Jian‐An 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY

The leucocyte‐mediated inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in ischaemia–reperfusion injury. P‐Selectin and CD11b are important mediators for the recruitment of leucocytes into the endothelium. However, the time‐course of changes in P‐selectin and CD11b expression during reperfusion is not defined. Magnesium has been shown to have a protective role in reperfusion injury, but the mechanism of its action is not yet clear.
In the present study, 90 male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomized into three groups, namely a sham‐operated group, an IR group (subjected to 45 min of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion for up to 6 h) and an MgSO4‐treated group, which received an infusion of MgSO4 starting 30 min before occlusion and continuing until the onset of reperfusion. The expression of P‐selectin on platelets and CD11b on leucocytes, endothelial P‐selectin on cardiac microvessels and P‐selectin mRNA in myocardial tissue were measured by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, respectively, at different time points during reperfusion. The degree of myocardial necrosis and arrhythmia was assessed.
The present study shows that P‐selectin expression on platelets and cardiac microvessels, P‐selectin mRNA in myocardial tissue and CD11b expression on leucocytes in the IR group were significantly upregulated compared with the sham‐operated group in a time‐dependent manner during reperfusion. Treatment with MgSO4 attenuated the upregulation of P‐selectin expression, in addition to inhibiting myocardial necrosis and arrhythmia, but had no effect on CD11b expression on leucocytes.
These results suggest that the expression of P‐selectin and CD11b is upregulated after reperfusion and magnesium pretreatment plays a cardioprotective role in ischaemia–reperfusion injury, possibly by inhibiting the upregulation of P‐selectin expression.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN 45T/G POLYMORPHISM OF THE ADIPONECTIN GENE AND PLASMA ADIPONECTIN LEVELS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Li Lin‐Lin , Kang Xiao‐Long , Ran Xin‐Jian , Wang Ye , Wang Chang‐Hui , Huang Lin , Ren Jun , Luo Xin , Mao Xin‐Min 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 45T/G and plasma adiponectin levels and the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Uygurs of the Xinjiang region, China.
We performed a cross‐sectional survey in a representative sample of 151 Uygur adults aged 24–80 years. The polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method was used to determine the distribution of allele and genotype frequency of the SNP45 T/G polymorphism (exon 2) in the adiponectin gene. An ELISA was used to determine plasma adiponectin levels. Logistic regression was used to screen risk factors for T2DM.
Compared with the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group, the T2DM group exhibited a higher distribution of the TG + GG genotype, G allele frequency and lower plasma adiponectin concentrations in TG + GG genotype carriers compared with those with the TT genotype. Compared with SNP45 T carriers, in the NGT group, G carriers had higher levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein (P < 0.05) and total cholesterol (P < 0.005). In the T2DM group, G carriers had lower levels of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05) and higher levels of HOMA of insulin resistance (P < 0.05).
Adiponectin SNP 45 is positively correlated with the prevalence of T2DM in Uygurs of Xinjiang. The G allele carriers who have reduced plasma concentrations of adiponectin may have associated insulin resistance.
Gαq‐PROTEIN CARBOXYL TERMINUS IMITATION POLYPEPTIDE GCIP‐27 ATTENUATES CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Gang , Li Xiao‐Hui , Zhou Jian‐Zhi , Liu Ya , Jia Yi , Yuan Zhi‐Bing 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY

Various Gq‐protein‐coupled receptors, such as α1‐adrenoceptors, angiotension AT1 receptors, endothelin ETA receptors, neuropeptide Y1 receptors etc., contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. In G‐protein signalling pathways, the carboxyl terminus of the Gα subunit plays a vital role within G‐protein–receptor interaction. The present study was designed to explore the effects of the synthetic Gαq carboxyl terminal imitation peptide GCIP‐27 on cardiac hypertrophy.
Hypertrophy of rat cultured cardiomyocytes was induced by noradrenaline (NA) or angiotensin (Ang) II in vitro. Protein content, [3H] incorporation and [Ca2+]i were determined in cardiomyocytes cultured with GCIP‐27. Three in vivo animal models of cardiac hypertrophy were prepared using intraperitoneal injections of NA in mice and rats and suprarenal abdominal aortic stenosis in rats. After treatment with GCIP‐27 (10–100 µg/L) for 15 or 20 days, indices of cardiac hypertrophy were measured. The effect of GCIP‐27 on the mRNA expression of c‐fos and c‐jun was detected using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.
At 10–100 µg/L, GCIP‐27 significantly decreased protein content and [3H]‐leucine incorporation in cultured cardiomyocytes compared with 1 µmol/L NA‐ and 1 µmol/L AngII‐treated groups. After treatment with GCIP‐27 (10, 30 or 100 µg/kg) for 15 days, the heart index (HI) and left ventricular index (LVI) in mice decreased significantly compared with the NA control group. In rats, GCIP‐27 significantly reduced HI and LVI compared with the NA and aortic stenosis groups. Moreover, [Ca2+]i in cardiomyocytes in the GCIP‐27 (3, 10, 30 µg/L)‐treated groups was lower than that in the control groups. Expression of c‐fos and c‐jun mRNA decreased significantly in the myocardium from 5–45 µg/L GCIP‐27‐treated rats compared with NA controls.
The results indicate that GCIP‐27 can attenuate cardiac hypertrophy effectively in various models in vitro and in vivo.
EXPRESSION OF P2X PURINOCEPTORS IN PC12 PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS
Authors: Sun Ji‐Hu , Cai Guo‐Jun , Xiang Zheng‐Hua 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARY

The PC12 cell line, which was cloned from a rat adrenal phaeochromocytoma, is a useful model system. It expresses neuronal properties after treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF). The nervous system‐specific P2X receptor subtype P2X2 was initially cloned from PC12 cells, but little is known about the expression of other subtypes of P2X receptors in PC12 cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PC12 cells express the other P2X receptors when exposed to NGF.
Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction at the mRNA level and immunocytochemisty at the protein level showed that, among the seven P2X purinoceptor subtypes, only P2X2 was found to be expressed in undifferentiated PC12 phaeochromocytoma cells, but all seven P2X purinoceptor subtypes were expressed in differentiated PC12 cells treated with 50 µg/mL NGF.
Electrophysiological recordings indicated that ATP (30 µmol/L) but not α,β‐methylene ATP (α,β‐meATP; 30 µmol/L) evoked an inward current in undifferentiated PC12 cells, but both α,β‐meATP and ATP evoked inward currents in differentiated PC12 cells. The results indicate that the NGF‐induced P2X receptors expressed in PC12 cells are functional channels.
The present study suggests that the NGF‐induced neuronal phenotype of PC12 cells may be a model for the study of P2X heteromeric receptors.