bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetylenic acid biosynthesis inCrepis rubra
Authors: Haigh W. G. , Morris L. J. , James A. T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTime studies of crepenynic acid synthesis inCrepis rubra show that this acid is not present in the seed for several days after, flowering commences but builds up rapidly between the 14th and 28th days to become the major fatty acid of the seed oil.Radioactive tracer studies clearly demonstrate that the acetylenic bond is introduced into the carbon chain of a preformed long‐chain fatty acid rather than built in during formation of the carbon chain. The nearest precursor found is oleic acid. There is no conversion to crepenynic acid by seed preparations ofcis,cis‐linoleic acid,cis,trans (trans,cis)‐linoleic acid, orcis‐12,13‐epoxy‐oleic acid. Possible biosynthetic pathways to explain these results are suggested.The crepenynic acid is chiefly, but not entirely, in triglycerides in the seed oil, and it has been shown to be esterified in the 2‐ and 3‐ positions of the triglyceride.
The fatty acid composition of some entomophthoraceae
Authors: Tyrrell David 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLipids extracted fromConidiobolus denaesporus Drechsl. were found to contain three branched‐chain fatty acids, which together comprised about 35% of the total fatty acids of the fungus. The branchedchain acids were identified by gas‐liquid chromatography, infrared and mass spectroscopy as 12‐methyl tridecanoic, 12‐methyl tetradecanoic, and 14‐methyl pentadecanoic acids respectively.Then‐saturated acids comprise C12, C13, C14, C16, and C18. Then C16,n C18, andn C20 unsaturated acids were also found. The occurrence of 15.2% of myristic acid and of 8.9% of eicosatetraenoic acid provides a further distinctive feature of the lipids ofConidiobolus denaesporus.
Effect of growth conditions on the fatty acid composition ofListeria monocytogenes and comparison with the fatty acids ofErysipelothrix andCorynebacterium
Authors: Tadayon R. A. , Carroll K. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSix strains ofListeria monocytogenes belonging to four different serotypes all had similar fatty acid profiles when grown at 37 C, with C15 and C17 branched chain acids as major components. The proportion of 17∶0 br decreased markedly as the growth temperature was lowered from 37 C to 4 C, and a reduction of 18∶1 with increasing age of cultures was observed in cells harvested at different stages of the growth curve. The fatty acid composition was also affected by the nature of the culture medium. Two other genera of the family Corynebacteriaceae were analyzed for fatty acid composition. Strains ofErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolated from human, turkey, dog and pig had rather similar patterns, consisting mainly of straight chain, even‐numbered fatty acids from C10 to C18. The three species ofCorynebacterum analyzed each had quite different fatty acid patterns.C. poinsettiae bore some resemblance toL. monocytogenes butC. pseudodiphtheriticum had much higher proportions of 16∶0 and 18∶1 andC. equi contained a rather complex mixture of fatty acids.
The phospholipid composition of human placenta, endometrium and amniotic fluid: A comparative study
Authors: Singh E. J. , Swartwout J. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe contents of lecithin in human lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart muscle, skeletal muscle, placenta, endometrium, amniotic flud, and brain gray and white matter are 52.1–54.2%, 44.2–45.8%, 42.6–44.5%, 35.1–37.2%, 42.5–43.0%, 48.0–50.0%, 45.5–46.4%, 42.0–43.0%, 65.0–66.0%, 23.9–24.3% and 24.7–24.9% respectively in total phospholipids. The level of diphosphatidyl glycerol is much lower in placenta, lung and spleen, and almost absent in amniotic fluid and brain; the heart muscle has 8.6%. The content of phosphatidyl serine is high in endometrium and brain. The content of sphingomyelin is high in lung, spleen, kidney and brain as compared to liver, heart muscle, skeletal muscle and endometrium. It is suggested that the phospholipid composition of various human tissues is characteristic for that class.
Triton‐induced hyperlipidemia in rats as an animal model for screening hypolipidemic drugs
Authors: Schurr P. E. , Schultz J. R. , Parkinson T. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe describe a screening test for hypolipidemic agents in which compounds are administered orally to fasted rats after a single intravenous injection of 225 mg Triton WR‐1339/kg and serum cholesterol and triglycerides are measured 43 hr post‐Triton. Conditions for the screen were established by studying interrelationships between serum cholesterol, triglycerides and Triton levels during the post‐Triton period and the effects of Triton dose, route of administration and fasting on serum lipid levels and drug hypocholesterolemic activity. The test detects compounds which inhibit lipid biosynthesis or stimulate lipid catabolism. Several drugs with different mechanisms of action which are hypolipidemic in man, including nicotinic acid,D‐thyroxine, triparanol, nafoxidine HCl and clofibrate are active in this system. Results with standard hypolipidemic agents are reproducible and conform well to performance levels of the screen predicted from statistical analysis.
Diester waxes in surface lipids of animal skin
Authors: Nicolaides N. , Fu H. C. , Ansari M. N. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe literature is surveyed on two types of diester lipid that occur on the skin surfaces of animals: Type 1, a hydroxy fatty acid of which the hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group are esterified respectively with another fatty acid and a fatty alcohol, and Type 2, and alkane α,β‐diol of which each OH group is esterified with a fatty acid. New data presented here show that the cow, rabbit and cat produce Type 1, whereas the dog, mouse, guinea pig and baboon produce Type 2 diesters. Each occurs as a major component of the surface lipid. The homologue distribution is given for Type 1 diesters of cow, rabbit and cat as well as the Type 2 diesters of dog and mouse. Distribution of long chain fatty acids of Type 1 diesters parallels that of the fatty alcohols suggesting a biogenetic relation between the two types of compounds. GLC of total diesters for the cow suggests that the components are assembled randomly during biosynthesis. Molecular weight of these diesters are in the range of those of natural triglycerides composed mainly of C16 and C18 fatty acids.
Occurrence, function and biosynthesis of wax esters in marine organisms
Authors: Nevenzel Judd C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWax esters occur as a major lipid‐type in at least 30 species of marine animals, distributed among 17 orders and 3 phyla. They are of limited usefulness as a chemotaxonomic character, since only in two suborders, the calanoid copepods, Calanoidei, and the toothed whales, Odontoceti, do the wax esters occur in all members so far examined. In bony fishes their occurrence in muscle correlates better with mesopelagic habitat and vertical migration patterns than with taxonomy. Homologs with 21 to 44 total carbon atoms have been reported, but the usual range for the wax esters in copepods and fish is C30–C42. In fishes the muscle wax esters contain predominantly one and two double bonds per molecule, while in roe lipids up to 65% of the homologs contain three or more double bonds. The component alcohols are saturated and monounsaturated, with 16∶0 and 18∶1 as the usual major constituents. The fatty acids are more diverse, but 18∶1 is most often the main component, and 16∶1 and 20∶1 are frequent major constituents; polyunsaturated acids make up 1–12% in fish muscle and whale oils and up to 45% in fish roe wax esters. Possible functions of the wax esters are for buoyancy, as energy reserves and for thermal insulation. In vitro, various tissues of marine bony fishes synthesize wax esters from long chain alcohols and fatty acids, without activation. A competing pathway for the long chain alcohols in vivo is their catabolic oxidation to the corresponding fatty acids. The key to the accumulation of wax esters is to be sought in the metabolism of the long chain alcohols, their biosynthesis and esterification vs. their catabolism.
The effect of cholesterol supplementation on glutamate‐induced hypocholesterolemia in the Mongolian gerbil
Authors: D'Elia John , Bazzano Gail S. , Bazzano Gaetano 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of cholesterol supplementation on the hypocholesterolemia induced by glutamic acid feeding has been studied in the Mongolian gerbil. Serum triglycerides and phospholipids and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents have also been studied during the control and glutamate feeding. Cholesterol supplementation (0.05% and 1.0%) did not diminish the hypocholesterolemic response (20–24% decrease in serum cholesterol). The glutamate amino acid formula diet caused no change in serum triglyceride, serum phospholipid, hepatic cholesterol and hepatic triglyceride content when compared to the control formula diet. No lesions of the hypothalamic or paraventricular areas of the brain were noted on histological preparation in adult gerbils given large amounts of glutamic acid orally.
Cis‐11‐hexadecenoic acid fromcytophaga hutchinsonii lipids
Authors: Walker Robert W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe principal fatty acid (90+%) of the monoene fraction ofCytophaga hutchinsonii has been identified ascis‐11‐hexadecenoic acid. This fatty acid, which constitutes 29% of the total lipid fatty acids, is located principally in the phosphatidyl ethanolamine fraction.
Purification of sitosterol
Authors: Kircher Henry W. , Rosenstein Fumiko U. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSitosterol and stigmastanol are obtained from the Raney nickel catalyzed hydrogenation of stigmasterol. The sitosterol was separated from stigmastanol by silica gel column chromatography of its dibromide. Sitosterol was also obtained from the steam deodorizer distillate of crude cottonseed oil and purified by manifold recrystallizations of the free sterol from isopropanol and its acetate from alcohol‐acetic acid mixtures at a low temperature.
Phospholipase activity of rat tissues and its modification by trypsin
Authors: Ottolenghi Athos 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTreatment with proteolytic enzymes before the addition of the phospholipid substrate increases the activity of the phospholipases of the spleen, thymys, bone marrow, lung, and liver of the rat. In contrast, the phospholipase activity of the intestine, which is higher than that of all other normal tissues, is not increased when incubated with proteases. The results of fractionation studies by high‐speed centrifugation and gel filtration and differences in enzyme kinetics support the conclusion that the intestinal phospholipases differ substantially from phospholipases found in the other tissues.
Comparison of lipid composition ofAedes aegypti andAedes albopictus cells obtained from logarithmic and stationary phases of growth
Authors: McMeans E. , Yang T. K. , Anderson L. E. , Jenkin H. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe total lipids, total neutral lipids, and total phospholipids fromAedes aegypti andAedes albopictus cells cultivated in vitro in a medium containing fetal calf serum were analyzed. The mosquito cells were harvested in the logarithmic and stationary phases of growth. The fatty acid profiles of the lipids showed differences during the aging of the cells but not between species. There was an increase in chain elongation and unsaturation of the fatty acids in the stationary phase when compared with the logarithmic phase of growth. The major components of the fatty acid profiles of the cells were 16∶1, 16∶1, and 18∶1 fatty acids. Few similarities were found between the lipid analysis of the mosquito cells and the growth medium.
Separation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by argentation thin layer chromatography
Authors: Dudley Peter A. , Anderson Robert E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA single step, silver nitrate thin layer chromatographic procedure which separates a methyl ester mixture containing 0–6 double bonds is described. Purity of each ester recovered from the silver nitrate plate was 98–99%. Recovery of the esters ranged from 100% for saturates to 77% for pentaenes.
Brassica campestris var. Span: I. Fractionation of Rapeseed oil by molecular distillation and adsorption chromatography
Authors: Kramer J. K. G. , Hulan H. W. , Mahadevan S. , Sauer F. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractProcedures for the large scale isolation of pure triglycerides and fractions rich in nontriglyceride components from Span rapeseed oil are described. Fractionation ofBrassica campestris var. Span rapeseed oil by molecular distillation yielded 4 triglyceride fractions, all of which contained traces of sterol esters. An additional triglyceride fraction rich in free and esterified sterols and other volatile components was obtained from the oil. Separation by adsorption chromatography of Span rapeseed oil yielded three fractions: A) a pure triglyceride fraction; B) a triglyceride fraction rich in sterol esters; and C) another fraction containing free sterols and other polar components.
Enzymatic synthesis of glucocerebroside by UDP‐glucose: Ceramide glucosyltransferase during ontogenesis of chicken retina
Authors: Dreyfus H. , Urban P. F. , Edel‐Harth S. , Neskovic N. M. , Mandel P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe activity of uridine diphosphate‐glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase during chick retina ontogenesis was studied. This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic pathway leading to gangliosides. The glucosyltransferase activity was detected in 8 day old embryos, and was present in adult animals. The highest specific activity was found ca. day 10 of embryonic life. The radioactive product was identified as glucocerebroside by means of radiochromatography. The presence of phosphatidylcholine in the incubation mixtures was found to stimulate the enzyme.
Analyses of renal medullary lipid droplets from normal, hydronephrotic, and indomethacin treated rabbits
Authors: Comai K. , Farber S. J. , Paulsrud J. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLipid droplets isolated from rabbit renal medullary tissue were analyzed and found to be composed of triglyceride and free fatty acids in a ratio of 2.9∶1. These triglycerides were unique when compared to triglycerides of other rabbit tissues examined, in that they contained high percentages of octadecanoic acid (stearic acid, 9.8%), 5,8,11,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid (arachidonic acid, 6.8%), and 7,10,13,16‐docosatetraenoic acid (adrenic acid, 10%). Lipid droplet triglycerides were found to increase during experimental hydronephrosis and after administration of indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase and phosphodiesterase inhibitor. From gas liquid chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters of these triglycerides, it was determined that they were enriched further in their percent composition of 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid) and arachidonic acid, a prostaglandin precursor. The inverse relationship between lipid droplets and prostaglandin content in the inner medulla suggested a significant role of lipid droplet triglycerides as storage pools for prostaglandin precursors.
Lipid profiles of plasma lipoproteins of fasted and fed normal and choline‐deficient rats
Authors: Mookerjea S. , Park C. E. , Kuksis A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThree major density classes of lipoproteins and a residual protein (d>1.21) were isolated by ultracentrifugation from plasma of fasted, fed normal, and choline‐deficient rats. Lipid extracts were obtained from total plasma and the various density classes of lipoproteins, and each extract was examined in detail by thin layer and gas chromatographies. The results indicated essentially identical compositions of molecular species of phosphatidyl choline, which suggested their rapid equilibration among the different plasma lipoprotein classes. In contrast, the molecular species of the triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters showed significant differences among the chylomicrons, very low and low, and high density lipoproteins, which excluded the possibility of their ready equilibration in vivo. Omission of choline from diet resulted in a sharp and statistically significant decrease in all lipid components of the very low and low density lipoproteins within 2 days. After 10 days of choline deficiency, the lipid levels of chylomicrons and very low and low density lipoproteins were ca. one‐half the levels found in the choline supplemented animals, and there were discernible distortions in their lipid composition. Reintroduction of choline led to a prompt return to normal levels and lipid composition of both chylomicron and very low and low density lipoprotein fractions. The lack of equilibration of the triacylglycerols among the lipoprotein classes under normal conditions and in choline deficiency demonstrates an as yet unrecognized source of compartmentation of plasma lipids.
Metabolism of 1‐14C linolenic acid in developing brain: II. Incorporation of radioactivity from 1‐14C linolenate into brain lipids
Authors: Dhopeshwarkar Govind A. , Subramanian Carole 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMetabolism of 1‐14C linolenic acid was studied in growing animals by injecting the tracer intraperitoneally into 12–13 day old suckling rats and following up the results by sacrificing groups of animals at 8 hr, 48 hr, 15 day, and 45 day intervals. In the first 15 days, there was a greater decrease in radioactivity of brain total lipids compared to the later period, although the earlier age period is characterized by lipid deposition rather than breakdown. Since the 18∶3 ω3 family of fatty acids occurs largely in the brain total phosphatidyl ethanolamine fraction, we expected that, in the initial period, total phosphatidyl ethanolamine would be the most highly radioactive component. However, results showed that 8 hr after the tracer phosphatidyl choline had the highest specific radioactivity. When the total phosphatidyl ethanolamine fraction was resolved into diacyl and alk‐1‐enyl species, it was found that radioactivity was not distributed evenly between the two species. There was a progressive increase in radioactivity of the alkenyl and a decrease in the diacyl species. Forty‐eight hr after the tracer, however, the radioactivity of phosphatidyl ethanolamine increased and at 45 days remained slightly higher than phosphatidyl choline. Radioactivity of cholesterol, a result of synthesis from acetate undoubtedly derived from the breakdown of tracer linolenate, was also high 48 hr after tracer and remained high until 45 days.
Effect of dietary polyunsaturated pork on plasma lipids and sterol excretion in man
Authors: Nestel P. J. , Homma Y. , Scott T. W. , Cook L. J. , Havenstein N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPork, enriched in linoleic acid content, was compared with conventional pork in the diet of three human subjects with respect to the plasma cholesterol concentration and the excretion in feces of neutral sterols and bile acids. Since the fatty acids in pork glyceride have an unusual positional distribution, the redistribution that might occur during the absorption and disposition of a fat meal was also studied. The plasma cholesterol was lower with polyunsaturated pork, the difference, 14 mg/100 ml plasma, being of the order expected from the change in polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio. On average, the excretion of neutral sterols was 57% greater with polyunsaturated than with conventional pork in all three subjects, and in this respect the results resembled the findings with polyunsaturated ruminant fats. During the absorption of pork fat, the high proportion of palmitate in the 2 position of lard triglyceride served as a useful marker, since human triglyceride carries mainly unsaturated fatty acids in that position. There were stepwise changes in the fatty acid composition at the 2 position of triglyceride as the fat was absorbed, transported through, and cleared from plasma, the palmitate being gradually replaced by oleate and linoleate. By contrast, the total fatty acid profile in the triglyceride changed relatively little, implying selective reacylation with palmitate at the 1 and/or 3 position. During the clearing of dietary triglyceride, the porcine triglyceride was thus converted to the form occurring in humans.
Turnover of fatty acids in rat liver cardiolipin: Comparison with other mitochondrial phospholipids
Authors: Landriscina C. , Megli F. M. , Quagliariello E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFollowing intraperitoneal administration of 1‐14C‐linoleic acid or 2‐3H‐acetate to rats, the specific radioactivities of both liver cardiolipin and other mitochondrial phospholipids after different time intervals were measured. Comparison of the data obtained with those from another stock of rats treated with32P‐phosphate or 2‐3H‐glycerol showed that the fatty acids of cardiolipin, like those of other phospholipids, exhibit an independent turnover with respect to the remaining parts of the molecule. The half‐life of acyl moieties of cardiolipin is ca. 20% higher than that of the same components of other mitochondrial phospholipids. Moreover, it appears that, in both cardiolipin and other phospholipids, linoleyl residues turn over faster than nonessential fatty acids. Discussion is made as to whether this characteristic can be related to the role of phospholipids in the functioning of some enzymes bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Fatty acid interrelationships in plasma, liver, muscle and adipose tissues of cattle fed safflower oil protected from ruminal hydrogenation
Authors: Cook L. J. , Scott T. W. , Faichney G. J. , Davies H. Lloyd 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSteers were given diets containing formaldehyde‐treated casein‐safflower oil supplements, in which the constituent 18∶2 was protected from ruminal hydrogenation. A similar group was given unsupplemented diets. The fatty acid compositions of plasma, liver, muscle and adipose tissue lipids were determined in both groups of cattle after 0, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of experimentation. The proportion of 18∶2 in the triglycerides was markedly increased on feeding the supplement and the rate of incorporation into the plasma triglycerides was higher than that in the triglycerides of muscle and adipose tissue. Associated with this increase there were compensatory decreases in the proportions of 16∶0 and 18∶1 but no consistent change in the proportion of 18∶0. The proportion of 18∶2 in the plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters was initially much higher than in the triglycerides and this was further increased by feeding the safflower oil supplement. A linear relationship existed between the proportion of 18∶2 in the phospholipids and cholesteryl esters of plasma. The supplement also caused substantial increases in the proportion of 18∶2, both in phospholipids from liver and muscle and in cholesteryl esters from liver, and there were compensatory decreases in the proportions of other unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., 18∶1, 18∶3, 22∶6. These studies demonstrate that when ruminal hydrogenation was circumvented by feeding formaldehyde‐treated casein‐safflower oil particles, the linoleic acid was absorbed and the pattern of incorporation into plasma and tissue lipids was similar to that in nonruminants.