bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into juvenile parotitis
Authors: KOLHO KAIJA‐LEENA , SAARINEN RIITTA , PAJU ANNUKKA , STENMAN JACOB , STENMAN ULF‐HÅKAN , PITKÄRANTA ANNE 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim: We enquired about the possibility of a familial trend in juvenile parotitis and evaluated the role of SPINK1 mutations in juvenile parotitis.Methods: The clinical records of all children admitted to the Helsinki University Hospital during 1995 to May 2003 because of swelling in the parotid gland were reviewed. A questionnaire on possible recurrences and on familial cases was mailed. As disturbances in trypsin inhibition might be involved in the pathogenesis, we assessed the SPINK1 gene encoding for Kazal‐type trypsin inhibitor in voluntary patients. The study group comprised 133 children (boys 82 girls 51) with juvenile parotitis. The median age at presentation of first symptoms was 6.0 y (range 1–19 y).Results: Recurrent symptoms in the parotid gland were common (57%), and 29% of the children (38/133) had suffered from four or more episodes. A young age at the first episode of symptoms increased the likelihood of recurrences (p < 0.0001). Familial cases of parotid swelling were common (22%; response rate 67%). A total of 47 patients (35%) agreed to testing for SPINK1 status. Four children had a major mutation (N34S or P55S), corresponding to an 8.5% (4/47) prevalence, but this was not different from the controls (5%).Conclusion: It is likely that inherited factors are involved in the manifestation of juvenile parotitis in a subset of patients. It is tempting to speculate that disturbed proteolytic balance may play a role in the development of symptoms.
Clinical features of nosocomial infections by extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in neonatal intensive care units
Authors: CHIU SHUN , HUANG YHU‐CHERLNG , LIEN REY‐IN , CHOU YI‐HONG , LIN TZOU‐YIEN 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim: To determine the risk factors for the acquisition of nosocomial extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae infection in infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and to evaluate the therapeutic outcome of these infants.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of infants with nosocomial ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae infection hospitalized in NICUs at Chang Gung Children's Hospital in 2001. The clinical features of these infants were compared with a cohort of non‐ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae‐infected infants during the same period. The therapeutic outcome of the infants in the ESBL group was analysed.Results: Seventy infants were included in this study. Thirty‐one infants with 34 isolates were identified in the ESBL group and 39 infants with 42 isolates in the non‐ESBL group. Of the parameters analysed, including gestational age, birthweight, length of hospital stay before onset, the number of antibiotics used, the duration of third‐generation cephalosporin usage and the number of patients receiving a third‐generation cephalosporin prior to the onset of infection, no significant difference was found between the two groups. The infection‐contributed case fatality rate was 3.0% (1 of 33) in the ESBL group, not significantly different from that in the non‐ESBL group (1 of 41, 2.4%). Of the 31 patients in the ESBL group, 18 were treated with a carbapenem as definitive therapy while 13 were treated with a non‐carbapenem antibiotic regimen. No significant difference was noted in terms of mortality rate between the two subgroups.Conclusion: The outcome of the infants hospitalized in the NICU with ESBL‐producing enterobacterial infections was not indispensably grave, even when treated with a non‐carbapenem antibiotic regimen. The risk factors for the acquisition of ESBL‐producing enterobacterial infections in these infants were not identified in this series.
Epidermal growth factor receptor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in urine ThinPrep specimens
Authors: Politi E. N. , Lazaris A. C. , Lambropoulou S. , Alexopoulou D. , Kyriakidou V. , Koutselini H. 
Published: November 2005

Objective:  To evaluate proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in urine ThinPrep (TP) specimens, to compare these findings with clinical and histological features and to determine whether these immunomarkers are predictive of clinical stage.Patients and Methods:  The TP processed urine samples and the corresponding tissue sections from 42 patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer (18 non‐muscle invasive and 24 muscle invasive) were included in our study. Urine was collected for cytological evaluation before transurethral resection. Tumour grade and clinical stage were assessed from the transurethral resection specimens. The EGFR and PCNA expression was obtained by an automated immunostainer.Results:  There was a remarkable concordance in the expression of both antibodies in TP smears and tissue sections. No significant association was detected for any of the immunomarkers examined with regard to tumour grade. The EGFR expression as well as grade of malignancy were significantly associated with stage of disease (P = 0.0001). PCNA was not found to be a significant predictor of stage (P = 0.210).Conclusion:  Our data suggest that the evaluation of grade of malignancy and EGFR immunopositivity can be considered as reliable predictors of disease stage in urine TP specimens.
Examination of the signal transduction pathways leading to upregulation of tissue type plasminogen activator by Porphyromonas endodontalis in human pulp cells
Authors: Huang F.‐M. , Chen Y.‐J. , Chou M.‐Y. , Chang Y.‐C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim  To investigate the tissue type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) activity in human pulp cells stimulated with Porphyromonas endodontalis (P. endodontalis) in the absence or presence of p38 inhibitor SB203580, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 and phosphatidylinositaol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002.Methodology  The supernatants of P. endodontalis were used to evaluate t‐PA activity in human pulp cells using casein zymography and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, to search for possible signal transduction pathways, SB203580, U0126 and LY294002 were added to test how they modulated the t‐PA activity.Results  The main casein secreted by human pulp cells migrated at 70 kDa and represented t‐PA. Secretion of t‐PA was found to be stimulated with P. endodontalis during 2‐day cultured period (P < 0.05). From the results of casein zymography and ELISA, SB203580 and U0126 significantly reduced the P. endodontalis stimulated t‐PA production respectively (P < 0.05). However, LY294002 lacked the ability to change the P. endodontalis stimulated t‐PA production (P > 0.05).Conclusions  Porphyromonas endodontalis enhances t‐PA production in human pulp cells, and the signal transduction pathways p38 and MEK are involved in the inhibition of t‐PA.
Calcium hydroxide dressings using different preparation and application modes: density and dissolution by simulated tissue pressure
Authors: Peters C. I. , Koka R. S. , Highsmith S. , Peters O. A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim  To study the effect of different apical shapes in prepared simulated root canals on the application of a commercially prepared calcium hydroxide paste by a syringe or lentulo spiral.Methodology  Three different types of root canal preparation were performed in 90 simulated canals: group A to an apical size 20 and a 0.10 taper using hand and rotary instruments, group B to an apical size 30 and a 0.08 taper using GT rotary instruments and group C to an apical size 40 and a 0.04 taper using ProFile 0.04 instruments. The insertion of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] paste was accomplished using either a lentulo spiral or a syringe. After 1 week of simulated fluid pressure applied to the apical end of the canal using physiological saline solution, the solution was evaluated for released Ca(OH)2. The specimens were weighed initially, after preparation, after insertion of Ca(OH)2 paste, after temporization with Cavit and after 1 week of simulated fluid pressure. Digital radiographs of the filled canals were taken and canal areas in mm2, gray values of the Ca(OH)2 dressings, total area of voids in mm2, as well as location of voids in the apical, middle or coronal thirds of the root canals were measured. Analyses of variance, with Scheffe's post‐hoc tests, as well as chi‐square tests were performed.Results  Canals in group C had significantly fewer (P < 0.01) radiographic voids than canals in groups A and B. Using a lentulo spiral resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) fewer voids compared with the injection technique. More voids were detected coronally compared with middle and apical root canal thirds (P < 0.05).Conclusions  Canal shape and method of application had an impact on the amount and radiodensity of calcium hydroxide dressings in simulated root canals. Canals prepared to an apical size 40 and a taper of 0.04 had the least number of voids; Ca(OH)2 was placed with significantly fewer voids using a lentulo spiral compared with the injection technique.
Pleistophora infestation in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque)
Authors: Ruehl‐Fehlert C , Bomke C , Dorgerloh M , Palazzi X , Rosenbruch M 
Published: November 2005

Abstract Pleistophora infestation was observed in adult fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, held under laboratory conditions. Fish were clinically healthy, and presented no gross findings at necropsy. Histopathology revealed parasitic stages only in the ovaries. Spores within sporophorous vesicles were mainly encountered in late vitellogenic oocytes and were ultrastructurally identified as a microsporidian parasite. Heavily parasitized oocytes underwent degeneration followed by the release of spores into the ovarian interstitium. Degenerating oocytes and interstitial spores caused ovarian inflammation. Male fish showed no parasites in the testes. Parasitic infestation was compared with body length, body weight, gonadal weight, gonadosomatic index and plasma vitellogenin levels, and revealed no statistically significant differences between non‐parasitized and parasitized females. The isolated holding conditions of the fish and the presence of parasitic stages in the ovaries suggested that an infestation with Pleistophora ovariaeSummerfelt, 1964 was more probable than that with Pleistophora mirandellae (Vaney & Conte, 1901).
Mortality patterns in infectious salmon anaemia virus outbreaks in New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Hammell K L , Dohoo I R 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMortality levels attributed to infectious salmon anaemia viral (ISAV) infections were examined at the net pen and site level in the 1996 smolt year class in three areas of New Brunswick, Canada. The year class in this region was the first known to have potential exposure to ISAV beginning at the time of seawater transfer. There was considerable variability in mortality patterns among net pen groups of fish. Net pen outbreak definitions were based on at least seven high mortality days in which there were at least 100 per 100 000 fish per day or >5% cumulative mortality for the study period. There were 106 net pen outbreaks in a study population consisting of 218 net pens. Although the number of new cases decreased as water temperature decreased, overall mortality levels at the study sites did not decrease noticeably. The median peak daily mortality rate during outbreaks was 492 per 100 000 fish per day, with 10% of cases experiencing >5200 mortalities per 100 000 fish per day. The median duration of outbreaks in net pens for which the fish were not slaughtered during the outbreak was 33 days and the median total loss in those outbreaks was 6600 per 100 000 fish.
Risk factors associated with mortalities attributed to infectious salmon anaemia virus in New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Hammell K L , Dohoo I R 
Published: November 2005

AbstractOutbreaks of unexplained mortalities attributed to infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) were examined in the 1996 year class of Atlantic salmon in three regions of New Brunswick, Canada. A total of 218 net pens at 14 sites deemed to have been exposed to ISA virus (ISAV) were surveyed for mortality records and management, environmental and host characteristics. Based on definitions of mortality patterns, clinical ISA disease outbreaks occurred in 106 net pens. There were eight sites in which >50% of net pens experienced ISA outbreaks during the study period. Factors related to their potential role in transmission of virus to new sites or new net pens at the same site were identified as sea lice vectors, divers visiting multiple sites, sites belonging to companies with more than one site, exposure to other year classes at the site, and proximity to other infected net pens. Host resistance factors associated with greater risk of outbreaks were identified as larger groupings, general health following smolt transfer, stressful husbandry procedures during growout, and health or productivity during colder water periods. Despite very close proximity between sites, modification of these management factors would probably influence the severity of mortalities caused by ISAV.
Comparative phylogeographic summary statistics for testing simultaneous vicariance
Authors: HICKERSON M. J. , DOLMAN G. , MORITZ C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTesting for simultaneous vicariance across comparative phylogeographic data sets is a notoriously difficult problem hindered by mutational variance, the coalescent variance, and variability across pairs of sister taxa in parameters that affect genetic divergence. We simulate vicariance to characterize the behaviour of several commonly used summary statistics across a range of divergence times, and to characterize this behaviour in comparative phylogeographic datasets having multiple taxon‐pairs. We found Tajima'sDto be relatively uncorrelated with other summary statistics across divergence times, and using simple hypothesis testing of simultaneous vicariance given variable population sizes, we counter‐intuitively found that the variance across taxon pairs in Nei and Li's net nucleotide divergence (πnet), a common measure of population divergence, is often inferior to using the variance in Tajima'sDacross taxon pairs as a test statistic to distinguish ancient simultaneous vicariance from variable vicariance histories. The opposite and more intuitive pattern is found for testing more recent simultaneous vicariance, and overall we found that depending on the timing of vicariance, one of these two test statistics can achieve high statistical power for rejecting simultaneous vicariance, given a reasonable number of intron loci (> 5 loci, 400 bp) and a range of conditions. These results suggest that components of these two composite summary statistics should be used in future simulation‐based methods which can simultaneously use a pool of summary statistics to test comparative the phylogeographic hypotheses we consider here.
The Prenatal Development of the Canine Claw
Authors: Süsskind‐Schwendi M. V. , Bragulla H. , Hirschberg R. M. 
Published: November 2005

Introduction:  The mammalian digital end organ has developed in three basic functional forms, i.e., claw, hoof and nail. Whereas detailed information on the ontogeny and phylogeny of the equine and bovine hooves, and the human nail, respectively, are on hand, such data are still not available for the canine claw. Because phylogenetically the carnivore claw is considered as a primary form of digital end organ, data on the organogenesis of the canine claw will complement current knowledge on onto‐ and phylogeny of the carnivore claw, and digital end organs in general.Materials and Methods:  Light and electron microscopy of 18 canine fetuses of 40–150 mm crown‐rump‐length and five puppies aged 1 day–4 weeks post‐partum.Results:  The development of the canine claw can be divided into four periods. The first stage is initiated by the differentiation of the connective tissue layers of the claw anlage. The second stage is characterized by formation of the specific claw shape, and the third stage by further regional function‐related modifications resulting in the development of the five different segments of the digital end organ. The fourth stage proceeds post‐natally when the influence of increasing body weight and weight bearing leads to the final functional adaptation of the papillary body.Conclusion:  The organogenesis of the canine claw resembles that of the feline claw in many aspects, but also shows some specific deviations. In particular, the development of the dorsal ridge – characteristic for the carnivore claw – differs between both species. The results of our study therefore raise the question whether the current hypothesis on allocation of the different segments of the canine claw has to be reconsidered.
Comparative Morphology of Trigeminal Ganglion in Some Species of Vertebrates
Authors: Szczurkowski A. 
Published: November 2005

The reported examinations were carried out on turtles, Japanese quails and chinchillas of either sex. The trigeminal nerve was studied with the modified thiocholine method and routine histological techniques. The trigeminal ganglion of the turtle is a single, compact structure connected with the trigeminal nerve. Analysis of consecutive sections showed a presence of ganglionic neurocytes only at the medial side of the trigeminal nerve. A small number of nerve cells and large number of fibres is characteristic for the investigated structure.The trigeminal ganglion of Japanese quail is a structure connected with two branches (ophthalmic and mandibular) of the trigeminal nerve. Both parts of the ganglion distinctly differ in their morphology. The part connected with the ophthalmic branch – V1 forms a thickening of the nerve, which becomes narrow approaching the orbital cavity. The second part connected with the mandibular branch – V2 is of regular shape. This part of the ganglion is located in the vicinity of a delicate maxillary branch. Histological investigations allow us to observe a characteristic arrangement of neurocytes with only one layer of nerve cells on the surface of the ganglion. The trigeminal ganglion in chinchilla is a single, irregular cluster of neurocytes closely connected with trigeminal nerve where this nerve divides into ophthalmic and maxillary nerves. Agglomerations of neurocytes allow us to distinguish two parts of trigeminal ganglion. From the medial aspect, the nasal part of ganglion is connected with this part of the trigeminal nerve, which is not distinctly divided into ophthalmic and maxillary branches. The caudal part of the trigeminal ganglion is connected with the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve. These two parts are separated from each other by the motor radix of the trigeminal nerve. From the lateral side all parts of the ganglion form one structure and it is difficult to distinguish precisely different cell aggregations corresponding to the particular branches of trigeminal nerve.
Canine Endothelial Remodelling During the Estrus Cycle: an Overview
Authors: Van Cruchten S. , Simoens P. , Van den Broeck W. 
Published: November 2005

The present study in 58 dogs aimed to verify the changes of the canine endometrial surface epithelium during the estrous cycle using electron microscopy and to investigate the roles of apoptosis, cell proliferation and matrix metalloproteinases in canine endometrial remodelling using immunohistochemistry. Possible correlations between these phenomena and serum levels of estradiol‐17β and progesterone were assessed. Prominent scanning electron microscopic changes of the canine endometrium were observed during early metestrus and included a variable height and number of microvilli of the surface epithelium. Using transmission electron microscopy, pronounced features of the surface epithelial cells were noticed in late metestrus and anestrus, during which a highly vacuolized cytoplasm and deformed nuclei due to fat accumulation were present. In these stages no prominent signs of cell death were noticed and also very low apoptotic numbers were observed using immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation in the endometrial surface epithelium seemed to be in balance with apoptosis. Most prominent features of apoptosis and proliferation were found in the basal glands and to a lesser extent also in the crypts. In contrast, only low amounts of apoptosis and proliferation were observed in the stroma, in which high collagenase‐1 scores coincided with a decreased amount of collagen in the deep part of the endometrium and a massive increase of glandular cells during early metestrus. No cyclic differences were noticed for the expression of TIMP‐1, the collagenase‐1 inhibitor. Finally, no or only low correlations were found between apoptosis, cell proliferation and MMP‐1 expression in the canine endometrium, and the serum levels of estradiol‐17β and progesterone. In conclusion, these findings indicate that there is no desquamation of the canine endometrial surface epithelium at the end of the estrous cycle, but a regular turnover of cells throughout the estrous cycle. Furthermore, our data also suggest a role for MMP‐1 in cellular proliferation.This study was supported by the BOF (#011B4101) of Ghent University.
The Gap Junctional Protein Connexin(Cx)43 in Testicular Cancer: its Loss Marks Progession from Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Germ Cell Tumour
Authors: Brehm R. , Fischer P. , Kliesch S. , Gashaw I. , Winterhager E. , Bohle R. M. , Steger K. , Bergmann M. 
Published: November 2005

Carcinoma‐in‐situ (CIS) of the testis is known to be the pre‐invasive stage of most human germ cell tumours (seminoma and non‐seminoma), but the mechanisms leading to an increased pubertal proliferation of CIS cells after a long latency and to progression of CIS to an invasive malignancy are still not known. Additionally, CIS and seminoma have also been reported in equine testis (Veeramachaneni and Sawyer, 1998). The gap junctional protein and tumour suppressor gene connexin(cx)43 represents the predominant cx in human, canine and rodent testis so far and it is expected to play a key role for the regulation of both proliferation and differentiation of germ cells (spermatogonia and spermatocytes), and its gene‐ and protein‐expression pattern is typical for the pubertal terminal differentiation of somatic Sertoli cells. Using cDNA‐microarray analysis, in‐situ hybridization (ISH), RT‐PCR from tissue homogenate and semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR from well defined microdissected tubules with normal spermatogenesis, CIS, intratubular seminoma (ISe) and from seminoma cells from invasive seminoma we found a downregulation of cx43 starting in intratubular CIS, leading to a complete loss in most invasive seminoma cells. This indicates that regulation of cx43 expression takes place at transcriptional level confirming and expanding earlier studies of protein expression (Brehm et al., 2002). This reduction of cx43‐expression suggests that an early intratubular derangement in cx43‐gene expression and disruption of inter‐cellular communication between Sertoli cells and/or Sertoli cells and pre‐invasive tumour cells via cx43‐gap junctions may play a role in the proliferation of CIS cells and seminoma cells and in the progression phase of testicular seminoma development.References  Veeramachaneni, D. N., and H. R.Sawyer, 1998: Carcinoma in situ and seminoma in equine testis. APMIS 106, 183–185.Brehm R., A. Marks, R. Rey, S. Kliesch, M. Bergmann and K. Steger, 2002: Altered expression of connexins 26 and 43 in Sertoli cells in seminiferous tubules infiltrated with carcinoma‐in‐situ or seminoma. J. Pathol. 197, 647–653.