bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CORTICOSTERONE‐SECRETING TUMOURS: WITH AND WITHOUT RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS
Authors: MILLS I. H. , COOK R. F. , GALLEY J. M. , EDWARDS O. M. , TAIT A. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo cases of corticosterone‐secreting adrenal adenomata are reported. Both patients were middle‐aged females in whom the clinical course spanned several years before the diagnosis was made. Severe hypertension and recurrent hypo‐kalaemia refractory to standard treatments were outstanding features. The importance of measuring the production rates of all mineralocorticoids when a tumour is suspected is emphasized by Case 1 where the production rate of corticosterone alone was elevated. Bilateral renal artery stenosis was responsible for unsuppressed plasma renin activity in Case 2.
HYPERINSULINAEMIA IN HYPERPROLACTINAEMIC WOMEN
Authors: JOHNSTON D. G. , ALBERTI K. G. M. M. , NATTRASS M. , BURRIN J. M. , BLESA‐MALPICA G. , HALL K. , HALL R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe metabolic sequelae of hyperprolactinaemia were studied over a 12 h period of normal meals and activity in nine young female hyperprolactinaemic subjects and fourteen matched controls. In the patients, fasting blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were normal, as was the blood glucose response to meals; the insulin rise with meals was, however, exaggerated and hyperinsulinaemia persisted throughout the day (mean ± SEM 12 h serum insulin, 26 ± 8 vs. 16 ± 9 mu/l, P < 0.01). Blood lactate, pyruvate and alanine response to meals was also increased. Blood glycerol (mean 12 h blood glycerol 0.06 ± 0.01 vs. 0.09 ± 0.01 mmol/l, P < 0.01) and blood 3‐hydroxybutyrate (mean 12 h blood 3‐hydroxybutyrate 0.03 ± 0.01 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01 mmol/l, P < 0.05) concentrations were lower in hyperprolactinaemic subjects. There was a strong negative correlation between mean insulin and mean 3‐hydroxybutyrate levels in the afternoon period (rs = ‐0.92, P < 0.01). Excess circulating prolactin in young females is associated with normoglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia. The changes in blood metabolite levels observed are probably secondary to the increased insulin concentrations.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE MEASUREMENT OF FREE THYROID HORMONES IN THYROID DISEASE
Authors: And L. BALDET , JAFFIOL C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe determined the dialysable fractions of T3 (DFT3) and T4 (DFT4) to study the behaviour of free thyroid hormones in different states of thyroid function.The relationship between DFT4/TBG and DFT3/TBG in forty‐nine individuals, (nine hyperthyroid, ten euthyroid, ten hypothyroid patients, ten pregnant women and ten subjects taking oral contraceptives) was best described in both instances by two regression curves. The first regression showed that both DFT4 and DFT3 were inversely correlated with TBG. The second regression described the nine most biochemically toxic patients. They were statistically independent of the first, and being almost perpendicularly disposed to the TBG axis were interpreted as saturation curves. Analysis of the discriminant value of free thyroid hormone levels (AFT3, AFT4) derived from DFT3 and DFT4 showed that free thyroid hormone measurements were in no way superior to total thyroid hormone measurement in the biochemical diagnosis of hyper‐ and hypothyroidism. Furthermore, there were no signficant differences in DFT3, DFT4, AFT3 and AFT4 between patients and controls in subjects whose only abnormality was a decreased (n=18) or exaggerated (n=9) TSH response in the TRH test. Finally, mean total T3 and AFT3 were both significantly higher than controls in patients with hot nodules who were hyperthyroid (n=9) but only AFT3 was higher in corresponding patients (n=9) who were euthyroid.
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE GLUCOSIDURONATE: A RELIABLE INDICATOR OF FEMALE HYPERANDROGENISM (IDIOPATHIC HIRSUTISM AND ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA)
Authors: TAMM J. , VOLKWEIN U. , TRESGUERRES J. A. F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma concentrations of testosterone glucosiduronate (TG) have been determined by direct radioimmunoassay in seventeen normal females, twenty females with idiopathic hirsutism, and in twelve female subjects with androgenetic alopecia without hirsutism, respectively. The corresponding mean concentrations (SD) of TG were 0.47 ± 0.18; 1.42 ± 0.55; 0.96 ± 0.22 ng/ml. There was no overlapping of plasma TG levels of both groups with hyperandrogenism with those obtained in normal females. On the contrary, plasma concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were found within the normal ranges in about 50% of the patients with hyperandrogenism. The synchronously estimated urinary excretion of TG revealed marked fluctuations (mean ± SD): 27.0 ± 12.0; 60.5 ± 24.6; 36.3 ± 14.1 μg/24 h respectively.
DOPAMINE INHIBITS THE NALOXONE INDUCED GONADOTROPHIN RISE IN MAN
Authors: DELITALA G. , DEVILLA L. , BIASO D. DI 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwenty milligrams of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone were infused over 3 h to five young male volunteers. Naloxone produced a significant rise in both LH and FSH, but did not affect serum prolactin levels. The infusion of dopamine (4μgkg−1min−1) completely abolished the naloxone effect on gonadotrophin release. The results suggest a possible interaction between dopamine, opioid receptors and gonadotrophin secretion in man.
TWO NEW DOPAMINE AGONISTS THAT ARE LONG ACTING IN VIVO BUT SHORT ACTING IN VITRO
Authors: GROSSMAN A. , YEO T. , DELITALA G. , HATHWAY N. R. , BESSER G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of two new ergolines, pergolide and CH29–717, on prolactin secretion in vitro and in vivo were compared with those of bromocriptine. Both ergolines had in vitro potencies similar to that of bromocriptine, but had a shorter duration of action. However, in vivo both were longer acting than bromocriptine after a single dose of 100 μg, and effectively suppressed prolactin secretion for greater than 24 h. It would appear that the pharmacokinetics of these ergolines are different to those of bromocriptine, and this may have considerable therapeutic importance.
VITAMIN D RESISTANT RICKETS WITH ALOPECIA: A FORM OF END ORGAN RESISTANCE TO 1,25 DIHYDROXY VITAMIN D
Authors: BEER S. , TIEDER M. , KOHELET D. , LIBERMAN O. A. , VURE E. , BAR‐JOSEPH G. , GABIZON D. , BOROCHOWITZ Z. U. , VARON M. , MODAI D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 4‐year‐old girl presented with severe clinical and radiological rickets, and alopecia since the age of 1 year. Laboratory studies revealed: hypocalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, abnormally low intestinal calcium absorption, and markedly elevated circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 levels. A normal calcaemic response to parathyroid extract was obtained. Treatment attempts with vitamin D2, 1 α (OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were totally ineffective. Intestinal resistance to the action of 1,25(OH)2D3 appeared well established in this case. Refractoriness of bone to this hormone seems less certain. From this new entity of‘Vitamin D resistant rickets due to end organ unresponsiveness', six cases have been hitherto reported in the literature. However, only two have enough resemblance to our case, to constitute a distinct and well denned nosologic subunit. The molecular basis of this disorder(s) remains to be elucidated.
β‐LIPOTROPHIN AND β‐ENDORPHIN PLASMA LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: GENAZZANI A. R. , FACCHINETTI F. , PARRINI D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYβ‐lipotrophin (β‐LPH) and β‐endorphin (β‐EP) plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassay after glass powder extraction and Sephadex G‐75 column chromatography in plasma samples from controls (ten healthy males and twenty‐six young women in early follicular phase), from eighty‐two pregnant women in weeks 9–40 after their last menstrual period, from nine women just after delivery and the cord blood of their neonates, in fifteen mixed cord blood samples and in seven amniotic fluid samples obtained by amniocentesis. No sex differences were found in β‐LPH (120·6 ± 8·5 pg/ml) or β‐EP (31·1 ± 2·4 pg/ml) plasma levels or in their molar ratio (1·34 ± 0·09) (MR). β‐LPH plasma levels increased in early pregnancy (13–16 weeks) (185·0 ± 27·1 pg/ml) and remained high until weeks 21–24, then declining to levels similar to those of controls. β‐EP plasma levels were significantly depressed in weeks 9–12 (20·7 ± 5·3 pg/ml), subsequently increasing to a maximum at weeks 36–37 (42·7 ± 6·8 pg/ml). β‐LPH/β‐EP molar ratio was about double normal in early pregnancy and decreased to normal in the second half. The present data indicate that β‐LPH and β‐EP present different patterns throughout pregnancy and that β‐EP levels increase progressively, reaching the highest concentrations at term. At delivery, both β‐LPH and β‐EP showed maximum values (β‐LPH: 230·2 ± 20·4 pg/ml; β‐EP: 78·0 ± 7·4 pg/ml) and a MR of 1·02 ± 0·10 indicating that stressful situations, such as labour, stimulate a simultaneous rise in β‐LPH and β‐EP plasma levels. Cord blood specimens showed a wide range of values (β‐LPH:75–347 pg/ml; β‐EP: 16–287 pg/ml) with a MR of 1·21 ± 0·14. Amniotic fluid samples obtained late in the third trimester of pregnancy were characterized by β‐LPH levels of 119·4 ± 26·4 pg/ml and β‐EP levels of 29·6 ± 7·5 pg/ml.
THE DYNAMICS OF PROLACTIN SECRETION DURING THE PUERPERIUM IN WOMEN
Authors: VEMER H. M. , ROLLAND R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThis study deals with serum prolactin concentrations during various conditions in the early puerperium in an attempt to investigate some characteristics of the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of the lactotrophes. In nursing, in non‐nursing, non‐medicated and in non‐nursing, bromocriptine‐treated women prolactin and 17β‐oestradiol were measured during the early puerperium. In the first and the third group this was repeated during and after challenge with oestradiol‐benzoate. The pituitary responsiveness to TRH was also determined in these two groups, challenged and unchallenged with oestradiol‐benzoate. Nursing women had higher prolactin levels than the non‐nursing groups, while bromocriptine decreased prolactin to very low levels. Non‐nursing non‐medicated women had prolactin values between those of nursing and those of bromocriptine‐treated mothers. The already elevated prolactin levels in nursing women were not influenced by chronic oestradiol administration. In non‐nursing puerperal women treated with bromocriptine, exogenous oestradiol caused a significant rise in plasma prolactin. The prolactin response to TRH in nursing women was clearly reduced in comparison with the normal menstrual cycle. In the bromocriptine‐treated group the basal concentration of prolactin and its response to TRH stimulation was similar to normal non‐pregnant women. In nursing and in non‐nursing women treated with bromocriptine prolactin responses to TRH were increased after oestradiol challenge.
WITHDRAWAL OF ENDOGENOUS SYMPATHETIC DRIVE LOWERS BLOOD PRESSURE IN PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM
Authors: NICHOLLS M. G. , JULIUS S. , ZWEIFLER A. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe were able to observe the effect of withdrawal of endogenous sympathetic drive in a hypertensive patient with an aldosterone‐secreting adrenal adenoma. Acute stimulation of both carotid sinus nerves lowered blood pressure to normotensive or hypotensive levels by reducing peripheral resistance. When chronic carotid sinus nerve stimulation was discontinued, peripheral resistance and blood pressure increased. These data suggest that the sympathetic nervous system is important in the maintenance of hypertension in established primary aldosteronism.
CONTROL OF GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION BY STEROID HORMONES IN CASTRATED MALE TRANSSEXUALS. II. EFFECTS OF ANDROGENS ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH OESTRADIOL ON THE SECRETIONS OF FSH AND LH
Authors: GOH H. H. , KARIM S. M. M. , RATNAM S. S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwenty‐nine infusions in twenty castrated male transsexual volunteers were carried out over a period of 7 h with subjects lying in the supine position. The effects of different doses of testosterone and its Sα‐reduced metabolites as well as the effect of testosterone in combination with oestradiol on gonadotrophin secretion were evaluated. Different and varying degrees of suppression of plasma levels of FSH and LH were observed. The infusions of 2·4 mg testosterone, 5α‐androstan‐3α‐17β‐diol (3α‐diol), 5α‐androstan‐3β17β‐diol (3β‐diol) but not dihydrotestosterone (DHT) caused significant suppression of LH. FSH, on the the other hand was not significantly inhibited by the androgens at this rate. At higher doses all four androgens suppressed LH secretion significantly. FSH was similarly suppressed by the androgens except by DHT. A differential effect on FSH and LH secretions was noted with the combined regime of testosterone and oestradiol. The combined regime did not cause a significantly higher degree of FSH suppression compared with either 200 μg of oestradiol or 12 mg of testosterone infused alone. The level of LH, however, was suppressed to a greater extent than either of the hormones when given alone. The inhibitory effect of testosterone demonstrated in this study could be due to the parent hormone or its 5α‐reduced metabolites. Pharmacological doses of testosterone could exert a greater degree of LH suppression through its conversion to oestradiol. It is likely that oestradiol and testosterone act on gonadotrophin secretion through different mechanisms and that they have an additive suppressive effect on the secretion of LH but not FSH. The potencies for the androgens to suppress gonadotrophin secretion can be ranked as: 3α‐diol = 3β‐diol > testosterone > dihydrotestosterone.
IMPAIRED DOPAMINERGIC CONTROL OF THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE SECRETION IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Authors: WEETMAN A. P. , WEIGHTMAN D. R. , SCANLON M. F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAfter administration of intravenous metoclopramide, a dopaminergic receptor blocking agent, no rise in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) could be found in patients with chronic renal failure, in contrast to non‐uraemic controls. Basal TSH values were normal in the uraemic patients but the TSH response to thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was significantly reduced. These results suggest that a discrete abnormality in the hypothalamo—pituitary axis exists in uraemia which may in part be due to interference with central dopaminergic control by a uraemic toxin.
THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE ON THE LEYDIG CELL RESPONSE TO CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN BOYS WITH HYPOPITUITARISM
Authors: KULIN H. E. , SAMOJLIK EUGENIUSZ , SANTEN R. , SANTNER S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEleven boys with growth hormone (hGH) deficiency received human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) stimulation tests for the assessment of Leydig cell function before, during, and after 1 year of treatment with somatotrophin. Two patients entered puberty during the course of the study protocol. Analysis of the data in nine prepubertal boys revealed an augmentation of testosterone (T) responses to hCG in the presence of hGH. In six of these individuals in whom dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was determined, a similar augmentation in responsiveness of this steroid was found in the presence of hGH. Three prepubertal boys exhibited poor T responses to the basal hCG test with only partial improvement following hGH. In man growth hormone may be an important permissive factor in Leydig cell activity during periods of changing testicular function such as occur in utero or during puberty.
H‐Y POSITIVE 46 XX TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM WITH INTRASCROTAL UTERUS
Authors: BOUCEKKINE C. , MENASRIA A. , CHOUITER A. , BENELKADI N. , BENMILOUD M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA rare form of true hermaphroditism with hypogonadism, gynaecomastia, presence of an intrascrotal uterus, and 46 XX karyotype, is reported. It is the third published case in the literature since 1965. The presence of H‐Y antigen and of testicular tissue in the absence of a Y chromosome is discussed.
PITUITARY—ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS DURING TREATMENT WITH THE ANGIOTENSIN‐CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR CAPTOPRIL
Authors: ANGELI A. , BISBOCCI D. , ORLANDI F. , PACCOTTI P. , TABASSO R. , TAMAGNONE C. , LAVEZZARO G. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTo study effects on pituitary‐adrenocortical activity of a sustained block of angiotensin II formation, six ‘drug‐resistant’ patients with essential hypertension were studied before and during treatment with an inhibitor of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (Captopril, SQ 14,225). The drug was given in increasing doses (100–400 mg/day) for 2 weeks whilst patients received a moderately restricted sodium intake (60–80 mmol/day). Immunoreactive ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA) and the activity of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) were measured in blood samples drawn at 0800–0900 h. Urinary excretion of cortisol and aldosterone were measured in 24‐h urine collections. Further information on pituitary‐adrenocortical function was obtained by measuring serial plasma corticosteroid levels after submaximal stimulation with a synthetic ACTH preparation. ACTH and cortisol did not change an observation which does not support the hypothesis that glucocorticoid activity is influenced by a decrease in plasma angiotensin II concentrations.
CUSHING'S DISEASE PRESENTING AS AMENORRHOEA WITH HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA: REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: JURNEY T. H. , DE RUYTER H. , VIGERSKY R. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo patients with Cushing's disease first presented with amenorrhoea, hyperprolactinaemia, and normal tomograms of the sella turcica. Both women underwent trans‐sphenoidal removal of a pituitary microadenoma resulting in a decreased serum prolactin concentration in both, and cessation of galactorr‐hoea and return of menses in one of them. One woman became ACTH deficient while the other has persistent Cushing's disease. A survey of the literature on Cushing's disease and prolactinomas shows the association to be uncommon. A likely mechanism is secretion of both hormones by the microadenomas. These two patients illustrate the need for screening other pituitary hormone function in patients with hyperprolactinaemia.
ABNORMAL PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE RESPONSE TO INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE IN URAEMICS. A POSSIBLE MECHANISM BEHIND IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN URAEMIA
Authors: HALLGREN R. , FJELLSTROM K. ‐E. , LUNDQUIST G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGlucose handling and insulin secretion were studied in chronic haemodialysis patients and correlated with circulating levels of immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (PP). No correlation was found between the elevated basal levels of PP and the K‐rate or the maximum insulin response after a single intravenous injection of glucose. Fifty‐three per cent of the patients had a normal glucose tolerance defined as a K‐rate more than 1. This group of uraemics had a tendency to an exaggerated insulin response compared with the controls but no significant changes of serum‐PP levels after a glucose stimulus were observed. In contrast, uraemic patients with a K‐rate less than 1 and normal insulin response, showed significant increases of serum‐PP at 4 and 6 min after glucose administration. Among all uraemic patients we found a significant inverse correlation between the K‐rate and the early PP response (Pc0.05) and a significant positive correlation between the K‐rate and the early insulin response (P<O.O5). PP release in response to acute hyperglycaemia may be one mechanism behind impaired glucose handling in uraemics, either by reducing peripheral insulin activity or by preventing insulin secretion sufficient to overcome the decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin.
OPIATES CONTROL ACTH THROUGH A NORADRENERGIC MECHANISM
Authors: GROSSMAN A. , BESSER G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe administration of 16 mg of naloxone to six normal male subjects produced a significant rise in plasma cortisol. Pre‐treatment with the noradrenergic α1‐antagonist, thymoxamine 0.2 mg/kg, blocked this rise. It is suggested that opiate inhibition of the pituitary—adrenal axis is mediated via a noradrenergic pathway.
DETERIORATION OF RENAL BONE DISEASE IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH SALMON CALCITONIN
Authors: CUNDY T. , KANIS J. A. , HEYNEN G. , PATON S. , EARNSHAW M. , WOODS C. G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwelve patients with chronic renal failure and osteitis fibrosa were treated for periods of 1–9 months with thrice‐weekly injections of 10–200 iu salmon calcitonin. Treatment had no significant effects on symptoms of bone disease and side effects were common. A transient fall in plasma alkaline phosphatase levels occurred in only three patients, and both plasma alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyproline levels rose in the majority of patients. Radiographic signs of hyperparathyroidism increased in seven of the nine patients treated for longer than 3 months. Paired bone biopsy specimens in nine patients showed significant increases in osteoblast counts, but no changes in the indices of resorption. These treatment‐induced changes were reversed when treatment with 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 was substituted for calcitonin. The use of this regimen of salmon calcitonin is not recommended in the long‐term management of hyperparathyroid bone disease in chronic renal failure.
THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE PENTOSE SHUNT IN THYROID METABOLISM AFTER STIMULATION WITH TSH OR WITH IMMUNOGLOBULINS FROM PATIENTS WITH THYROID DISEASE. 1. THE GENERATION OF NADPH IN RELATION TO STIMULATION OF THYROID GROWTH
Authors: DREXHAGE H. A. , HAMMOND LINDA J. , BITENSKY LUCILLE , CHAYEN J. , BOTTAZZO G. F. , DONIACH DEBORAH 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIt has been shown previously that both thyrotrophin (TSH), and also immunoglobulins (Ig) derived from patients with goitrous Graves’disease, stimulate DNA‐synthesis in guinea‐pig thyroid tissue maintained in vitro. Here we describe the use of the same in vitro system and methods of quantitative cytochemistry to test the effect of these substances on the generation of NADPH, which is another indicator of the potential for growth. As could be predicted by its trophic action, TSH stimulated the generation of NADPH by glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase. The Ig‐fraction from normal subjects depressed this activity. The Ig‐fraction from Graves’disease patients with goitres stimulated the generation of NADPH, whereas the Ig from patients with Graves’disease but with minimal enlargement of the thyroid gland behaved like normal Ig. A similar lack of stimulation was found with Ig from patients with Pendred's syndrome, other dyshormonogenetic goitres, and autonomous single adenomas. In all specimens tested, there was good correlation between the amount of DNA‐synthesis, measured by Feulgen cytophotometry, and the activity of glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity that generated NADPH. These results support the concept that there is a distinct type of autoantibody that influences thyroid growth.