bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypersensitivity syndrome reaction to oral terbinafine
Authors: Gupta Aditya K , Porges Andrew J 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYTerbinafine is used extensively to treat onychomycosis and other dermatomycoses. The case of a patient who developed a hypersensitivity syndrome reaction to oral terbinafine is discussed. A 66‐year‐old male was placed on terbinafine (250 mg/day) for the treatment of onychomycosis. After 4.5 weeks of therapy, the patient developed a cutaneous eruption, pyrexia, lymphadenopathy and hepatic dysfunction. No infectious or other cause was found for the symptoms and signs, which resolved within 6 weeks of stopping terbinafine. The patient had been on prednisone, doxazosin mesylate and aspirin for several months prior to starting terbinafine. These medications were continued during the episode and subsequently afterwards, with adjustment to the prednisone dosage only. The hypersensitivity syndrome reaction in this case involved multiple systems and was idiosyncratic in nature with no apparent predisposing factors. With the increasing use of oral terbinafine, it is likely that rare adverse events will occur more frequently. It is, therefore, important for physicians to be aware of the possible development of a hypersensitivity syndrome reaction in a patient on terbinafine who experiences an adverse event with multisystem involvement. Prompt recognition and determination of the extent of systemic involvement is important for the proper management of the patient.
Cardiovascular effects of prazosin in normotensive and genetically hypertensive rats
Authors: Wood A. J. , Phelan E. L. , Simpson F. O. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The cardiovascular effects of prazosin, a new antihypertensive drug, were studied in normotensive and genetically hypertensive rats.2. Prazosin, infused intra‐arterially, lowered vascular resistance in the blood‐perfused rat hind limb. This effect was dependent on the presence of intact sympathetic innervation to the limb; no direct vasodilatation was demonstrated. In this preparation prazosin infusion reduced vasoconstrictor responses to nor‐adrenaline.3. In the saline‐perfused rat mesenteric artery preparation prazosin reduced responses to noradrenaline and sympathetic nerve stimulation but not those to serotonin and vasopressin. Prazosin was more potent than phentolamine, on a molar basis, in reducing the vasoconstrictor effects of noradrenaline.4. A comparison of the effects of prazosin injected intravenously and into a lateral cerebral ventricle failed to show any central action of the drug on blood pressure. Experiments using the donor blood‐perfused, vascularly isolated rat hind limb preparation confirmed that the sympatholytic effect of prazosin occurred within the limb itself.
Effects of changes in external calcium concentration and frequency of stimulation on inotropic responses to isoprenaline and tolbutamide in rabbit atria
Authors: Cornish E. J. , Miller R. C. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Driven left atrial preparations were used to study inotropic responses to isoprenaline and tolbutamide.2. Decreasing the external calcium concentration from 2·2 to 1·1 and 0·55 mM decreased resting force of contraction but increased the maximal inotropic responses to isoprenaline. There was an associated increase in EC50 values.3. Decreasing the external calcium concentration from 2·2 to 1·1 mM also increased the maximal inotropic responses to tolbutamide. These responses were 23‐and 44‐fold less than those to isoprenaline at equivalent calcium concentrations.4. Preparations maintained in 1·1 mM calcium were used to compare inotropic responses to isoprenaline and tolbutamide at different frequencies of stimulation.5. Decreasing the frequency of stimulation from 4 to 2 or 1 Hz decreased the resting force of contraction and increased the maximal inotropic responses to isoprenaline. There was an associated increase in EC50 values.6. No significant inotropic responses to tolbutamide were observed at 4 Hz. Positive inotropic responses of similar magnitude occurred at 2 and 1 Hz. The maximal inotropic responses at these frequencies were 43‐and 127‐fold less than those to isoprenaline.7. It is concluded that tolbutamide is a very weak inotropic agent.
Pentaerythritol trinitrate and glyceryl trinitrate on myocardial oxygen consumption and haemodynamics in the dog
Authors: Wilkes Sandra B. , Howe Burton B. , Winbury Martin M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The effects of pentaerythritol trinitrate (pentrinitrol) and glyceryl trinitrate on myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial and systemic haemodynamics were studied in anaesthetized open‐chest dogs. An in vivo oximeter in the coronary sinus permitted continuous determination of arteriovenous oxygen difference and myocardial oxygen consumption. All parameters were determined simultaneously at various intervals after drug administration.2. Myocardial oxygen consumption was diminished by both nitrates for more than 16 min. Changes in arteriovenous oxygen difference and coronary sinus oxygen content were variable between drugs. Following an initial transient increase, coronary blood flow was reduced by both nitrates. Aortic blood pressure, aortic blood flow, left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure and left ventricular dP/dt were also reduced. Heart rate and contractile force were not appreciably altered by either nitrate.3. The decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption appears to be associated with the haemodynamic profile of these drugs. Both nitrates produced comparable reductions in preload (left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure) and afterload (aortic pressure) as well as dP/dt.
Hormone metabolism and response of adenylate cyclase to parathyroid hormone in kidney
Authors: Moseley Jane M. , Martin T. J. , Robinson C. J. , Reit B. W. , Tregear G. W. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Incubation of parathyroid hormone with plasma membranes from rat kidney cortex resulted in rapid loss of all hormonal activity.2. Chick kidney membranes showed no ability to inactivate parathyroid hormone even with prolonged incubation.3. Biologically active, labelled parathyroid hormone was degraded to fragments by rat kidney membranes, but not by chick kidney.4. Hormone‐responsive adenylate cyclase activity in a mixture of rat and chick kidney membranes was additive.5. Parathyroid hormone bound specifically to chick kidney plasma membranes.6. It is concluded that hormone inactivation during incubation has little relevance to the effectiveness of parathyroid hormone in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity in kidney, and furthermore that failure of chick kidney to metabolize the hormone is not the explanation for the greater sensitivity of this species to the hormone.
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF AMITRIPTYLINE IN ANAESTHETIZED DOGS
Authors: Dhumma‐Upakorn P. , Cobbin L. B. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The effect of amitriptyline on cardiovascular variables has been studied in anaesthetized dogs.2. In small doses (0.25 mg/kg) amitryptyline caused small increases in heart rate, contractility, blood pressure, coronary blood flow and aortic flow.3. Larger doses produced initial depressant effects on myocardial contractility and rate and blood pressure, which were followed by secondary reflex rises in these measurements.4. The depressant effects were dose‐related and were accompanied by marked increases in coronary flow and smaller increases in aortic flow.5. The secondary reflex rises in cardiac parameters were abolished by propranolol and that of the blood pressure was much reduced.
THE EFFECT OF A CHROMATOGRAPHICALLY PURE SAMPLE OF ADENOSINE 5′‐TETRAPHOSPHATE ON SHEEP AND RABBIT BLOOD PLATELETS
Authors: Penglis Fylia 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The commercially available trisodium salt of adenosine S'‐tetraphosphate (ATetraP) (Sigma) was found to be contaminated with ATP, ADP and AMP, and therefore unsuitable for use in platelet studies.2. The more stable barium salt of ATetraP was converted to the ammonium salt and found to be chromatographically homogeneous. This sample was tested for its influence on sheep blood platelets in citrated platelet‐rich plasma by the photometric method.3. The ammonium salt of ATetraP (5–105 μmol.1−1) induced platelet aggregation which showed no tendency towards disaggregation.4. The log dose‐response lines for ATetraP and for adenosine diphosphate were parallel. On a molar basis, the tetraphosphate had only 1.5% of the aggregating activity of ADP.5. The initial rate of aggregation induced by the tetraphosphate was inhibited by adenosine 5′‐monophosphate analogues which are selective ADP‐antagonists. These compounds also dispersed aggregates produced by ATetraP.6. Platelets made refractory to ADP were also refractory to ATetraP.7. Like ADP, ATetraP induced the change in shape of rabbit platelets and in this respect had only 3.4% the activity of ADP.8. It is concluded that ATetraP per se can induce platelet aggregation and platelet shape change, and appears to exert its effect at the same site on the platelet surface as does ADP.
INTESTINAL BLOOD FLOW IN THE DOG MEASURED BY INDICATOR FRACTIONATION WITHOUT TISSUE SAMPLES
Authors: Eade M. N. , Reid I. R. , Quinn J. P. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYA modification of Sapirstein's indicator fractionation technique for measurement of intestinal blood flow has been studied and evaluated in the dog.The concentration of 42K within the intestinal wall was measured simultaneously by a tissue assay procedure and by use of a miniature Geiger‐Müller tube within the intestinal lumen. Both methods gave similar results under a wide variety of conditions.Isotope measurement by the Geiger‐Müller tube technique obviates the need for tissue samples to be taken and would permit repeat measurements of intestinal blood flow in the same animal.
INCREASED RENAL SENSITIVITY TO ALDOSTERONE IN THE RAT: INDUCTION BY A HIGH POTASSIUM DIET
Authors: Adam William R. , Funder John W. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The renal response to aldosterone, measured by urinary sodium and potassium excretion, was determined in adrenalectomized rats that had been previously fed either a high potassium diet or a control diet. High K+ rats showed an enhanced response to aldosterone at all doses tested.2. The induction of this enhanced response to aldosterone could be suppressed by a high sodium intake. It may also require the presence of the adrenal glands during the induction period, although interpretation of adrenalectomy experiments in the present study was made difficult by the effect of maintenance DOC therapy on the renal response to aldosterone.3. The enhanced response could not be induced by a low sodium diet alone or by the administration of high doses of exogenous aldosterone.4. No difference between high K+ and control rats could be detected in rat kidney mineralocorticoid receptors, assessed by both in vivo and in vitro binding of tritiated aldosterone.5. The method of the induction, and the mechanism of the enhanced response remains to be defined.
STUDIES ON NORMAL HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE IN RELATION TO THE PATHOPHARMACOLOGY OF MALIGNANT HYPERPYREXIA
Authors: Nelson T. E. , Denborough M. A. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The effects of dantrolene on pharmacologically‐induced contractures and potentiated isometric twitches in normal human skeletal muscle have been studied in vitro.2. Dantrolene sodium, at concentrations of 3 μmol/l or less, attenuates basal twitch, inhibits halothane potentiation of basal twitch and inhibits halothane‐potentiated potassium contractures, but has less effect on twitch potentiation by 2 mmol/l caffeine.3. Caffeine contractures are attenuated by dantrolene concentrations of 12 μmol/l or greater. The effect of dantrolene on caffeine contracture is characterized by decreased contracture tension and by prolonged time to peak contracture.4. The results indicate that halothane and 2 mmol/l caffeine have agonistic effects on the excitation‐contraction (E‐C) coupling mechanism, and suggest that they may act at separate E‐C coupling sites. The relationships of these findings to the pathopharmacology of malignant hyperpyrexia are discussed.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PLASMA DOPAMINE‐β ‐HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITIES IN NORADRENALINE‐SECRETING AND ADRENALINE‐SECRETING PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMAE
Authors: Aunis Dominique , Bouclier Martine 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Circulating dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase activities were measured in two hypertensive patients, with a phaeochromocytoma tumour. Tumours were found to differ by their secretory properties, one secreting noradrenaline, the other adrenaline. After removal of the tumour, the plasma dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase activities in both patients gradually decreased to reach a stable value in correlation with urinary, excreted catecholamine levels. The only difference was the rate of the plasma enzyme activity decrease.2. Thus, it appeared that some phaeochromocytomae are able to secrete dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase in addition to catecholamines. Therefore, dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase activity measurements may be of interest: (1) in determining secretory properties of phaeochromocytoma tumours, and (2) in following the evolution during the postoperative period.
DISSOCIATION OF INCREASED 5‐HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID LEVELS AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE: THE EFFECTS OF NALOXONE
Authors: Laska F. J. , Fennessy M. R. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. A slow release emulsion of naloxone (naloxone SR) was administered sub‐cutaneously to rats in an attempt to induce physical dependence of the morphine type.2. Naltrexone (2.5 mg/kg), injected i. p., failed to elicit an abstinence syndrome in rats treated with 75, 100 or 150 mg/kg naloxone SR for 24, 48, or 72 h.3. Naloxone SR had no effect on the whole brain levels of noradrenaline, dopamine, homovanillic acid or serotonin.4. Naloxone SR caused an apparent dose‐related increase in the brain levels of 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid.5. These results show that while naloxone does not induce physical dependence of the morphine type, it may, like morphine, increase the brain serotonin turnover rate.6. It is proposed that the increase in brain serotonin turnover rate may not be causally related to physical dependence on morphine‐like drugs but may be a property of drugs containing the basic opiate molecular structure.
SENSITIVITY CHANGES IN GUINEA‐PIG ATRIA AND ILEUM FOLLOWING SUBACUTE ADMINISTRATION OF DYFLOS
Authors: Mitchelson F. , O'Shea R. A. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Subacute administration of dyflos to guinea‐pigs (1.2 mg/kg, s. c., daily for 10 days) led to the development of subsensitivity to carbachol in the ileum but not in the electrically stimulated left atrium.2. Atria from dyflos‐pretreated animals became supersensitive to acetylcholine but the ileum became subsensitive to this agonist despite marked inhibition of cholinesterases. The degree of subsensitivity was less than that for carbachol.3. Subsensitivity also developed to histamine and was of a similar order to that observed for carbachol supporting the suggestion that subsensitivity is a nonspecific post‐receptor mechanism.4. Other changes which occurred in the ileum, together with the increase in the EC50 value to agonists were an increase in tissue mass, an increase in the slope of the concentration‐response curve to agonists and an increase in the maximal response to agonists.
EFFECTS OF THIOPENTONE SODIUM, METHOXYFLURANE AND HALOTHANE ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN SHEEP DURING PROLONGED ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Edjtehadi M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Satisfactory surgical anaesthesia in sheep was achieved by i.v. injection of thiopentone sodium per se (20mg/kg); and also with thiopentone/methoxyfiurane and thiopentone/halothane anaesthetics (2–3% and 1.5–2%, respectively).2. Cardiac arrhythmias were not observed during thiopentone sodium, thiopentone/methoxyfiurane and thiopentone/halothane anaesthesia. However, during thiopentone anaesthesia, one sheep displayed a high degree of sinus tachycardia followed with ventricular tachycardia.3. Pneumograms recorded during thiopentone sodium and thiopentone/methoxyfiurane anaesthesia showed no irregularity, but in thiopentone/halothane anaesthesia, 30% of the sheep developed Cheyne‐Stokes periodic respiration.4. Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) were significantly decreased in thiopentone/methoxyfiurane and thiopentone anaesthetized sheep, but not in animals anaesthetized by thiopentone/halothane.5. White blood cell count (WBC) was significantly decreased only in thiopentone/methoxyfiurane anaesthetized sheep, but was not remarkable in thiopentone and thiopentone/halothane anaesthetized animals.6. A significant lymphocytopenia occurred in thiopentone/methoxyfiurane and in thiopentone/halothane anaesthetized sheep, but not in the thiopentone anaesthetized animals. This was accompanied with an increase in neutrophils.7. Clotting time fell, but the extent and time course was different in thiopentone, thiopentone/methoxyfiurane and thiopentone/halothane anaesthesia.8. From these data, it is suggested that thiopentone sodium, thiopentone/methoxyfiurane and thiopentone/halothane have different effects on different blood parameters during prolonged anaesthesia, and may be clinically significant.
CONCENTRATION OF GUANIDINES IN NORMAL HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Lazdins I. , Dawborn J. K. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The concentration of methylguanidine and guanidinosuccinic acid has been measured in normal human plasma and discrepancies between various published methods for measuring methylguanidine have been resolved. Previous methods have been modified to allow these guanidines, together with guanidinoacetic acid and creatine, to be measured on the same serum sample.2. Mean values in six normal subjects were as follows: methylguanidine 1.62 μmol/1 (s.d. = 1.3); guanidinosuccinic acid 0.66 μmol/1 (s.d. = 0.22); guanidinoacetic acid 7.06μmol/l (s.d. = 1.29); creatine 80.9μmol/l (s.d. = 37.9).
COMPARATIVE HAEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF CLONIDINE ADMINISTERED INTRAMUSCULARLY OR INTRAVENOUSLY TO ANAESTHETIZED RATS
Authors: Oates H. F. , Stoker L. M. , Throupe P. , Stokes G. S. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The acute haemodynamic effects of clonidine, 0.001–1.0 mg/kg, administered intramuscularly or intravenously, were studied in anaesthetized rats.2. The direct pressor potency of clonidine was 100‐fold greater following intravenous administration than after intramuscular injection, but hypotensive efficacy was equal by either route.
SEPARATION OF TWO CONJUGATES OF CLOFJBRIC ACID (CPIB) FOUND IN THE URINE OF SUBJECTS TAKING CLOFIBRATE
Authors: Faed Ellen M. , McQueen E. G. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Two main conjugates of CPIB (2‐[chlorophenoxy]‐2‐methylpropionic acid) are present in the urine of subjects taking clofibrate. The metabolites can be separated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC).2. Both conjugates are hydrolysed by dilute alkali, but only one is hydrolysed by the enzyme β‐glucuronidase. In eighty‐five urine specimens this conjugate accounted for an average of 54.5% (range 25–70%) of the total CPIB, while 2.6–12.45% (mean 5.1%) was present as free CPIB.
THE EFFECT OF SPONTANEOUS DIABETES MELLITUS ON FATTY ACID OXIDATION, 0‐HYDROXYBUTYRATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY AND RESPIRATORY COUPLING OF HEPATIC MITOCHONDRIA IN THE GUINEA‐PIG (CAVIA PORCELLUS)
Authors: Nevalainen T. O. , White W. J. , Lang C. M. , Munger B. L. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hepatic mitochondria of guinea‐pigs with spontaneous diabetes mellitus differ from those of non‐diabetic guinea‐pigs in the oxidation of fatty acids, the activity of β‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, or respiration‐linked oxidative phosphorylation. During the course of the study, a third group of animals (referred to as the unclassified group) was discovered which, on the basis of the clinical chemistry and histological changes in the pancreas, appeared to be in a pre‐diabetic or post‐diabetic state.2. No differences in the respiratory control ratios were found between any of the three groups. Fatty‐acid oxidation in hepatic mitochondria was greater in both the unclassified and diabetic groups than in the non‐diabetic group. /3‐Hydroxy‐butyrate dehydrogenase activity, however, was increased only in the diabetic group. These findings suggest that increased fatty acid oxidation is probably an intermediate change in the development of or the recovery from diabetes mellitus, whereas the activity of β‐hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is affected only in more advanced stages.
THE EFFECTS OF INTRACISTERNAL ADMINISTRATION OF α‐ADRENORECEPTOR AGONISTS ON THE SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE AND ITS RESPONSE TO HEAD‐UP TILTING IN ANAESTHETIZED CATS
Authors: Nolan P. L. , Bentley G. A. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The effects of intracisternal injections of the α‐adrenoreceptor agonists clonidine (0.2, 0.63 and 2.0μg/kg), xylazine (0.5, 8.0 and 50μg/kg), oxymetazoline (2.0 and 8.0μg/kg), noradrenaline (12.5, 50 and 100μg/kg) and α‐methylnoradrenaline (5.0 and 25;μ/kg) on mean arterial pressure and the reflex pressure responses to bilateral carotid occlusion and 45° vertical head‐up tilting have been investigated in chloralose‐urethane‐anaesthetized cats.2. All the a‐adrenoreceptor agonists tested caused dose‐dependent reductions in mean arterial pressure (P<0.05, Anova, d.f. = 1,58) and the reflex pressor response to bilateral carotid occlusion (P < 0.05, Anova, d.f. = 1,58).3. Only xylazine (50μg/kg) and noradrenaline (100μg/kg) produced a significant depression of the magnitude of the pressure compensatory response to tilting (P<0.05, Anova, d.f. = 1, 58) whilst all the agonists tested caused an increase in the period required for pressure compensation to occur (P<0.05, Anova, d.f. = 1,58).The action of the a‐adrenoreceptor agonists to depress mean arterial pressure and the reflex responses to bilateral carotid occlusion and tilting could be reversed by the subsequent intracisternal injection of the a‐adrenoreceptor antagonist piperoxane (50 or 100μg/kg).5.Clonidine (0.63 μg/kg) decreased the perfusion pressure of the vascularly isolated autoperfused hindquarters (P<0.05, Anova, d.f. = 1,19), but had no significant effect on the reflex rises in perfusion pressure evoked by bilateral carotid occlusion or tilting. Noradrenaline (50 jug/kg) significantly reduced the reflex response to tilting (P<0.05, Anova, d.f. = 1,19), but had no effect on the other hindquarter parameters. Oxymetazoline (8.0 μg/kg) caused no significant change in any of these parameters.6. It is concluded that intracisternally administered a‐adrenoreceptor agonists may cause some depression of orthostatic cardiovascular reflexes via a central interaction with adrenergic mechanisms.
THE CONTRACTION INDUCED BY ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRACETIC ACID‐4 SODIUM (EDTA‐4Na) IN GUINEA‐PIG ISOLATED VAS DEFERENS KEPT IN ISOTONIC SUCROSE MEDIUM
Authors: Sugimoto J. , Furumichi A. , Murakami M. , Morita M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid‐4 sodium (EDTA–4Na) induced a contraction in guinea‐pig isolated vas deferens kept in isotonic sucrose medium containing 0.07%NaHCO3 and 0.1% glucose after preincubation in Locke's solution. The maximum contraction was 82.1 ± 6.7% of that induced by added KCl.2. EDTA‐Ca‐2Na (10‐7 to 10‐3 g/ml) induced no contraction in preparations. kept in the sucrose medium.3. The EDTA‐4Na‐induced contraction was also obtained when sucrose in the sucrose medium was replaced by glucose but not when the preparation was kept in Locke's solution.4. The EDTA‐4Na‐induced contraction was decreased by reduction of the CaCl2 or KC1 concentration of the Locke's solution in which the preparation had been preincubated before placing in the sucrose medium.5. The EDTA‐4Na‐induced contraction was suppressed with increasing concentrations of NaCl used to partially replace sucrose in the sucrose medium.6. When the preparation was kept in EDTA‐free sucrose medium after pretreat‐ment with 10‐4 g/ml of EDTA‐4Na in the sucrose medium for 20 min, a contraction was induced by added CaCl2. The maximum contraction induced by CaCl2 was 30.1 ± 11.8% of that of the EDTA‐4Na‐induced contraction, when CaCl2 was added at 20 min after the exchange of medium.