bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulation as an effective method for cyanobacterial bloom control: A review
Authors: Yang Xian , Wang Shulian , Pi Kewu , Ge Hongmei , Zhang Shuo , Gerson Andrea R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEutrophication, the over‐enrichment with nutrients, for example, nitrogen and phosphorus, of ponds, reservoirs and lakes, is an urgent water quality issue. The most notorious symptom of eutrophication is a massive proliferation of cyanobacteria, which cause aquatic organism death, impair ecosystem and harm human health. The method considered to be most effective to counteract eutrophication is to reduce external nutrient inputs. However, merely controlling external nutrient load is insufficient to mitigate eutrophication. Consequently, a rapid diminishing of cyanobacterial blooms is relied on in‐lake intervention, which may encompass a great variety of different approaches. Coagulation/flocculation is the most used and important water purification unit. Since cyanobacterial cells generally carry negative charges, coagulants are added to water to neutralize the negative charges on the surface of cyanobacteria, causing them to destabilize and precipitate. Most of cyanobacteria and their metabolites can be removed simultaneously. However, when cyanobacterial density is high, sticky secretions distribute outside cells because of the small size of cyanobacteria. The sticky secretions are easily to form complex colloids with coagulants, making it difficult for cyanobacteria to destabilize and resulting in unsatisfactory treatment effects of coagulation on cyanobacteria. Therefore, various coagulants and coagulation methods were developed. In this paper, the focus is on the coagulation of cyanobacteria as a promising tool to manage eutrophication. Basic principles, applications, pros and cons of chemical, physical and biological coagulation are reviewed. In addition, the application of coagulation in water treatment is discussed. It is the aim of this review article to provide a significant reference for large‐scale governance of cyanobacterial blooms.Practitioner Points
Flocculation was a promising tool for controlling cyanobacteria blooms.
Basic principles of four kinds of flocculation methods were elucidated.
Flocculant was important in the flocculation process.
Requisite Variety and Simple Institutional Virtues
Authors: Braithwaite John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRegulators achieve more if they learn to collaborate with one another at being cosmopolitan. Regulators can use national enforcement threats to demand global compliance improvements under the shadow of the axe of deferred prosecutions. Early detection and early response are imperative with fast-moving risks. Principles for a dialectics of requisite variety are: (a) Prune and strengthen rules; (b) Transform jurisprudence so fundamental principles justify rules, yet trump rules; (c) Shift away from automaticity of enforcement of rules, algorithmic or human, to a restorative diplomacy of rule enforcement of peace agreements, environmental stewardship, virus containment, and stewardship of financial systems; rally behind front-line workers of crisis-prevention institutions before burnout spreads.
Rapid Cascades, Coupled Crises
Authors: Braithwaite John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImproved peacemaking, and step by step progress toward abolition of Weapons of Mass Destruction helps prevent environmental, pandemic, and financial catastrophes. Across four kinds of crises first prioritize simple principles and simple institutions that prevent coupled catastrophes from cascading one to the other. The next step is to pursue requisite variety in responses by diagnosing dialectically when additional interventions will and will not add value for crisis control. Societies can refine slow-food cooking of crisis response plans. A slow-food approach to growing simple institutions can be iteratively responsive to complexity. This is so when institutions are designed for capability to scale up during crises, to be generative, and to be evidence-based learning institutions that gradually accumulate wisdom to confront complexity.
Containing China: Containing Temporarily
Authors: Braithwaite John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPermanent containment of crisis risks is good, permanent containment of states dangerous. Only temporary containment of states works, and only when combined with ongoing dialogue on what states must do to get containment lifted. Temporary re-containment of Russia makes sense at the time of writing because it wages a war of aggression in Ukraine. Likewise with Myanmar’s military junta until it restores democracy, releases elected members of parliament, ends the Rohingya genocide, and ceases waging war on its own people.
Institutions to Manage Threats
Authors: Braithwaite John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA sequenced architecture of commitment can be a good way to strengthen peace agreements and confidence-building. Late twentieth-century drivers of declining armed conflict can be reenergized for future declines. Single thin reeds of war prevention snap, yet they work when local and international society invests to bind them together in a fabric of multidimensional peacebuilding. Just as market manipulators have progressively learnt new ways to game markets, over time democracy manipulators learnt how to game democracy. The best way to win elections became to misgovern. Earlier in democracy’s evolution, the best way to win elections was to govern well. Democracy’s virtues can be retrieved by investing in checks and balances that temper domination.
Containing Deadly Systems
Authors: Braithwaite John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractForest preservation and planting are vital to climate restoration, war and epidemic prevention, and therefore to financial crisis prevention. Regional organizations like ASEAN avoid the historic pitfalls of European alliance structures that induced world wars. Nuclear weapons-free zones can be expanded. Treaty diplomacy is needed toward guardrails among great powers on the use of AI in warfare and cyber-attacks that cross red lines. Track II diplomacy options exist for great powers to persuade nuclear weapon states like Pakistan on why it is in their interests to dismantle Pakistan’s nuclear weapons. Maximally large, temporary coalitions of states can reveal an escalating responsive regulatory pyramid that invokes chokepoint trade sanctions and conventional military action by many states as a last resort that never needs to be used.
Geometrizing the partial entanglement entropy: from PEE threads to bit threads
Authors: Lin Jiong , Lu Yizhou , Wen Qiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We give a scheme to geometrize the partial entanglement entropy (PEE) for holographic CFT in the context of AdS/CFT. More explicitly, given a point x we geometrize the two-point PEEs between x and any other points in terms of the bulk geodesics connecting these two points. We refer to these geodesics as the PEE threads, which can be naturally regarded as the integral curves of a divergenceless vector field $$ {V}_{\textbf{x}}^{\mu } $$

V
x
μ

, which we call PEE thread flow. The norm of $$ {V}_{\textbf{x}}^{\mu } $$

V
x
μ

that characterizes the density of the PEE threads can be determined by some physical requirements of the PEE. We show that, for any static interval or spherical region A, a unique bit thread configuration can be generated from the PEE thread configuration determined by the state. Hence, the non-intrinsic bit threads are emergent from the intrinsic PEE threads. For static disconnected intervals, the vector fields describing a divergenceless flow is no longer suitable to reproduce the RT formula. We weight a PEE thread with the number of times it intersects with any homologous surface. Instead, the RT formula is perfectly reformulated by the minimization of the summation of PEE threads with all possible assignment of weights.
Quantitative aspects on the ill-posedness of the Prandtl and hyperbolic Prandtl equations
Authors: De Anna Francesco , Kortum Joshua , Scrobogna Stefano 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe address the Prandtl equations and a physically meaningful extension known as hyperbolic Prandtl equations. For the extension, we show that the linearised model around a non-monotonic shear flow is ill-posed in any Sobolev spaces. Indeed, shortly in time, we generate solutions that experience a dispersion relation of order $$\root 3 \of {k}$$

k
3

in the frequencies of the tangential direction, akin the pioneering result of Gérard-Varet, D., Dormy, E.: On the ill-posedness of the Prandtl equation. J. Am. Math. Soc., 23(2), 591–609 (2010) for Prandtl (where the dispersion was of order $$\sqrt{k}$$

k

). We emphasise, however, that this growth rate does not imply (a-priori) ill-posedness in Gevrey-class m, with $$m>3$$

m
>
3

. We relate these aspects to the original Prandtl equations in Gevrey-class m, with $$m>2$$

m
>
2

: We show that the result in Gérard-Varet, D., Dormy, E.: On the ill-posedness of the Prandtl equation. J. Am. Math. Soc., 23(2), 591–609 (2010) determines a dispersion relation of order $$\sqrt{k}$$

k

for a short time proportional to $$\ln (\sqrt{k})/\sqrt{k}$$

ln

(

k

)

/

k

. Therefore, the ill-posedness in Gérard-Varet, D., Dormy, E.: On the ill-posedness of the Prandtl equation. J. Am. Math. Soc., 23(2), 591–609 (2010) in its generality is momentarily constrained to Sobolev spaces rather than extending to the Gevrey classes.
Stochastic diffusion within expanding space–time
Authors: Broadbridge Philip , Donhauzer Illia , Olenko Andriy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paper examines stochastic diffusion within an expanding space–time framework motivated by cosmological applications. Contrary to other results in the literature, for the considered general stochastic model, the expansion of space–time leads to a class of stochastic equations with non-constant coefficients that evolve with the expansion factor. The Cauchy problem with random initial conditions is posed and investigated. The exact solution to a stochastic diffusion equation on the expanding sphere is derived. Various probabilistic properties of the solution are studied, including its dependence structure, evolution of the angular power spectrum and local properties of the solution and its approximations by finite truncations. The paper also characterizes the extremal behaviour of the random solution by establishing upper bounds on the probabilities of large deviations. Numerical studies are carried out to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.
VDR, CXCR1, CXCR2, PSCA Polymorphisms and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Genetic Association Study
Authors: Sarker Paulomi , Pereira Glaucia Miranda Varella , Khullar Vik , Yu Jiakun , Cartwright Rufus 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common human infections. Evidence suggests that there might be a genetic predisposition to UTI. Previous small candidate gene studies have suggested that common variants in genes involved in the immune response to UTI could increase susceptibility to the development of recurrent UTI (rUTI). The objective was to conduct a gene association study to replicate previous gene association studies identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) putatively associated with rUTI in adult women.

Methods
Women with a history of rUTI and healthy controls were recruited (n = 1,008) from gynaecology outpatient clinics. Participants completed a signed consent form and questionnaire for phenotyping. DNA was extracted from blood or saliva samples for each participant. Putative associated SNPs were identified from a comprehensive systematic review of prior gene association studies. Primers for each selected SNP were designed, and genotyping was conducted using a competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The Chi-squared test was used to assess the association between each variant and rUTI. Genotyping quality was assessed by checking for deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.

Results
We found no association between SNPs tested in the VDR (p = 0.16, p = 0.09, p = 0.36), CXCR1 (p = 0.09), CXCR2 (p = 0.39), PSCA (p = 0.74) genes, and rUTI in adult women.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date, finding no significant associations. Previously reported positive associations may have been due to type 1 error, or genotyping errors. Future studies should adjust for confounders and employ adequate sample sizes. A greater understanding of the genetic components associated with rUTI may influence future treatment guidelines and screening for susceptible patients.
Asymptotic expansions for partitions generated by infinite products
Authors: Bridges Walter , Brindle Benjamin , Bringmann Kathrin , Franke Johann 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecently, Debruyne and Tenenbaum proved asymptotic formulas for the number of partitions with parts in $$\Lambda \subset {\mathbb {N}}$$

Λ
⊂
N

($$\gcd (\Lambda )=1$$

gcd
(
Λ
)
=
1

) and good analytic properties of the corresponding zeta function, generalizing work of Meinardus. In this paper, we extend their work to prove asymptotic formulas if $$\Lambda $$
Λ
is a multiset of integers and the zeta function has multiple poles. In particular, our results imply an asymptotic formula for the number of irreducible representations of degree n of $${\mathfrak {so}{(5)}}$$

so

(
5
)

. We also study the Witten zeta function $$\zeta _{{\mathfrak {so}{(5)}}}$$

ζ

so

(
5
)

, which is of independent interest.
Quaternionic slice regularity beyond slice domains
Authors: Ghiloni Riccardo , Stoppato Caterina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAfter Gentili and Struppa introduced in 2006 the theory of quaternionic slice regular functions, the theory has focused on functions on the so-called slice domains. The present work defines the class of speared domains, which is a rather broad extension of the class of slice domains, and proves that the theory is extremely interesting on speared domains. A Semi-global Extension Theorem and a Semi-global Representation Formula are proven for slice regular functions on speared domains: they generalize and strengthen some known local properties of slice regular functions on slice domains. A proper subclass of speared domains, called hinged domains, is defined and studied in detail. For slice regular functions on a hinged domain, a Global Extension Theorem and a Global Representation Formula are proven. The new results are based on a novel approach: one can associate to each slice regular function $$f:\Omega \rightarrow {\mathbb {H}}$$

f
:
Ω
→
H

a family of holomorphic stem functions and a family of induced slice regular functions. As we tighten the hypotheses on $$\Omega $$
Ω
(from an arbitrary quaternionic domain to a speared domain, to a hinged domain), these families represent f better and better and allow to prove increasingly stronger results.
A randomized operator splitting scheme inspired by stochastic optimization methods
Authors: Eisenmann Monika , Stillfjord Tony 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we combine the operator splitting methodology for abstract evolution equations with that of stochastic methods for large-scale optimization problems. The combination results in a randomized splitting scheme, which in a given time step does not necessarily use all the parts of the split operator. This is in contrast to deterministic splitting schemes which always use every part at least once, and often several times. As a result, the computational cost can be significantly decreased in comparison to such methods. We rigorously define a randomized operator splitting scheme in an abstract setting and provide an error analysis where we prove that the temporal convergence order of the scheme is at least 1/2. We illustrate the theory by numerical experiments on both linear and quasilinear diffusion problems, using a randomized domain decomposition approach. We conclude that choosing the randomization in certain ways may improve the order to 1. This is as accurate as applying e.g. backward (implicit) Euler to the full problem, without splitting.
Impact of Larval Food Source on the Stability of the Bactrocera dorsalis Microbiome
Authors: Kempraj Vivek , Auth Jean , Cha Dong H. , Mason Charles J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBacterial symbionts are crucial to the biology of Bactrocera dorsalis. With larval diet (fruit host) being a key factor that determines microbiome composition and with B. dorsalis using more than 400 fruits as hosts, it is unclear if certain bacterial symbionts are preserved and are passed on to B. dorsalis progenies despite changes in larval diet. Here, we conducted a fly rearing experiment to characterize diet-induced changes in the microbiome of female B. dorsalis. In order to explicitly investigate the impacts of larval diet on the microbiome, including potential stable bacterial constituents of B. dorsalis, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing on the gut tissues of teneral female flies reared from four different host fruits (guava, mango, papaya, and rose apple) infested using a single cohort of wild B. dorsalis that emerged from tropical almond (mother flies). Although B. dorsalis-associated microbiota were predominantly shaped by the larval diet, some major bacterial species from the mother flies were retained in progenies raised on different larval diets. With some variation, Klebsiella (ASV 1 and 2), Morganella (ASV 3), and Providencia (ASV 6) were the major bacterial symbionts that were stable and made up 0.1–80% of the gut and ovipositor microbiome of female teneral flies reared on different host fruits. Our results suggest that certain groups of bacteria are stably associated with female B. dorsalis across larval diets. These findings provide a basis for unexplored research on symbiotic bacterial function in B. dorsalis and may aid in the development of novel management techniques against this devastating pest of horticultural importance.
Correlation study on microbial communities and volatile flavor compounds in cigar tobacco leaves of diverse origins
Authors: Wang Haiqing , Guo Dongfeng , Zhang Mingzhu , Wu Guanglong , Shi Yaqi , Zhou Jinglong , Ding Naihong , Chen Xiangsong , Li Xingjiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To elucidate the significant influence of microorganisms on geographically dependent flavor formation by analyzing microbial communities and volatile flavor compounds (VFCs) in cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs) obtained from China, Dominica, and Indonesia. Microbiome analysis revealed that the predominant bacteria in CTLs were Staphylococcus, Aerococcus, Pseudomonas, and Lactobacillus, while the predominant fungi were Aspergillus, Wallemia, and Sampaiozyma. The microbial communities of CTLs from different origins differed to some extent, and the diversity and abundance of bacteria were greater than fungi. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 64 VFCs were identified, mainly ketones, of which 23 VFCs could be utilized to identify the geographical origins of CTLs. Sixteen VFCs with OAV greater than 1, including cedrol, phenylacetaldehyde, damascone, beta-damascone, and beta-ionone, play important roles in shaping the flavor profile of CTLs from different origins. Combined with the correlation analysis, bacterial microorganisms were more closely related to key VFCs and favored a positive correlation. Bacillus, Vibrio, and Sphingomonas were the main flavor-related bacteria. The study demonstrated that the predominant microorganisms were essential for the formation of key flavor qualities in CTLs, which provided a theoretical reference for flavor control of CTLs by microbial technology.

Key points
• It is the high OAV VFCs that determine the flavor profile of CTLs.
• The methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway and the carotenoid synthesis pathway are key metabolic pathways for the formation of VFCs in CTLs.
• Microbial interactions influence tobacco flavor, with bacterial microorganisms contributing more to the flavor formation of CTLs.

Graphical Abstract
Characterization and immunological effect of outer membrane vesicles from Pasteurella multocida on macrophages
Authors: Sun Jiaying , Huang Yee , Li Xuefeng , Xu Xiangfei , Cui Xuemei , Hao Fangjiao , Ji Quanan , Chen Chun , Bao Guolian , Liu Yan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pasteurella multocida is an important bacterial pathogen that can cause diseases in both animals and humans. Its elevated morbidity and mortality rates in animals result in substantial economic repercussions within the livestock industry. The prevention of diseases caused by P. multocida through immunization is impeded by the absence of a safe and effective vaccine. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) secreted from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria are spherical vesicular structures that encompass an array of periplasmic components in conjunction with a diverse assortment of lipids and proteins. These vesicles can induce antibacterial immune responses within the host. P. multocida has been shown to produce OMVs. Nonetheless, the precise characteristics and immunomodulatory functions of P. multocida OMVs have not been fully elucidated. In this study, OMVs were isolated from P. multocida using an ultrafiltration concentration technique, and their morphology, protein constitution, and immunomodulatory properties in RAW264.7 cells were studied. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) revealed that the OMVs exhibited typical spherical and bilayered lipid vesicular architecture, exhibiting an average diameter of approximately 147.5 nm. The yield of OMVs was 2.6 × 1011 particles/mL. Proteomic analysis revealed a high abundance of membrane-associated proteins within P. multocida OMVs, with the capability to instigate the host’s immune response. Furthermore, OMVs stimulated the proliferation and cellular uptake of macrophages and triggered the secretion of cytokines, such as TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1. Consequently, our results indicated that OMVs from P. multocida could directly interact with macrophages and regulate their immune function in vitro. These results supported the prospective applicability of P. multocida OMVs as a platform in the context of vaccine development.

Key points
• Preparation and characterization of P. multocida OMVs.
• P. multocida OMVs possess a range of antigens and lipoproteins associated with the activation of the immune system.
• P. multocida OMVs can activate the proliferation, internalization, and cytokine secretion of macrophages in vitro.