bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified in vitro method to label equine red blood cells with technetium 99m in concentrated whole blood
Authors: Koblik Philip D. , Hornof William J. , Srivastava Suresh C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An in vitro method to label equine rbc with technetium 99m was modified to achieve quantitative labeling of cells in concentrated whole blood. After a blood sample was incubated with a reducing agent (stannous citrate), an oxidizing reagent (NaOCl) and a chelating agent (edta) were added to inactivate residual Sn2+ in the plasma. This step prevented premature reduction of pertechnetate in plasma. Labeling of rbc from 9 healthy horses, using a standard whole blood protocol, resulted in only moderate labeling efficiency (44 to 85%) and indicated a linear relationship between labeling efficiency and pcv. Effects of increased incubation time, increased incubation temperature, prelabeling sedimentation, and double addition of NaOCl/edta were investigated in whole blood from 10 healthy horses. Labeling efficiency was improved by each independent factor and by combination of factors. Highest labeling efficiencies (96 to 97%) were achieved when blood samples were sedimented for 20 minutes before being labeled, regardless of incubation time or incubation temperature. Morphologic features of rbc were unaffected by labeling procedures.
In vivo whole blood clearance time for labeled cells was determined in 5 healthy horses. Sedimented blood samples were labeled, using a standard 15-minute incubation time at 20 to 22 C. Mean clearance half-time for 5 horses was approximately 20 hours. More than 95% of 99mTc activity was associated with the cells during the 24 hours after reinjection.
Infertility in heifers inoculated with modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1 vaccinal strains against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis on postbreeding day 14
Authors: Miller J. M. , Van Der Maaten M. J. , Whetstone C. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Heifers were inoculated iv with 1 of 4 modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1 vaccinal strains against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (2 heifers/strain) on postbreeding day (pbd) 14. The effect of infection on fertility was monitored by plasma progesterone assay at 1- to 3-day intervals from the time of virus exposure until pbd 60. Infertility was detected in 4 of 8 inoculated heifers. In 2 heifers, progesterone concentrations decreased to values indicative of estrus within 10 days after inoculation (pbd 24). The 2 other heifers had evidence of embryonic death on pbd 40 and 42. Two control heifers inoculated with culture medium from noninfected cells maintained their pregnancies.
Effect of Pasteurella haemolytica (A1) capsular polysaccharide on sheep lung in vivo and on pulmonary surfactant in vitro
Authors: Brogden Kim A. , Adlam C. , Lehmkuhl Howard D. , Cutlip Randall C. , Knights J. M. , Engen Richard L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Capsular polysaccharide (CP) of Pasteurella haemolytica (type A1) was first deposited by fiberoptic bronchoscopy into the lungs of sheep to examine lesions and changes in bronchoalveolar lavage cell populations and, later, was mixed with pulmonary surfactant to investigate alterations in physical properties or surface tension. At 22 hours after deposition, minimal lesions were seen in the lungs only at and contiguous to the site of cp deposition in 2 of 4 sheep. Microscopically, alveoli and interlobular septa were filled with edema fluid. Terminal airways and alveoli contained a moderate amount of neutrophils that varied between sheep. Significant differences in number or type of bronchoalveolar lavage cells were not observed in the weekly lavages between each group or among sheep within each group, either before or after deposition of cp or physiologic saline solution.
After 6 hours of incubation at 37 C, cp-surfactant mixtures were examined with a surface tensiometer and centrifuged in sucrose gradients. The cp bound to surfactant, resulting in formation of a precipitate with a surface tension of 31.6 ± 0.1 dynes/cm and a density of 1.07 to 1.08 g/ml. Lipopolysaccharide of P haemolytica, used as a control, also bound to surfactant, resulting in a complex with a surface tension of 57.7 ± 0.4 dynes/cm and a density of 1.06 to 1.10 g/ml. Surfactant alone had a surface tension of 32.6 ± 0.2 dynes/cm and density of 1.05 to 1.06 g/ml. The cp appears by itself not to be a direct major factor in the lung damage that develops in cases of pneumonic pas-teurellosis. However, the precipitation of surfactant by cp may be a lectin reaction that would allow the attachment of the organism to the lining of the alveolus and become established during an infection.
Efficacy of long-acting oxytetracycline alone or in combination with streptomycin for treatment of Brucella ovis infection of rams
Authors: Marín Clara M. , de Bagués María P. Jiménez , Barberán Montserrat , Blasco José M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-four rams inoculated with Brucella ovis by conjunctival and preputial routes were treated with a long-acting oxytetracycline alone or in combination with di-hydrostreptomycin sulfate. The combined treatment eliminated Brucella ovis from 11 of 12 (91.6%) treated rams. Only 4 of 12 (33.3%) rams treated with oxytetracycline alone were bacteriologically negative. Neither treatment resolved clinical epididymitis in 2 rams affected before treatment. Many rams had pathologic lesions in the epididymis and ampullae, which limited the efficacy of antibiotic treatment.
Distribution of bovine cysticercosis in Washington
Authors: Hancock Dale D. , Wikse Steven E. , Lichtenwalner Anne B. , Wescott Richard B. , Gay Clive C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Data from slaughter plants (n = 3) and feedlots (n = 18) in eastern Washington were analyzed to characterize occurrence patterns of cysticercosis in Washington during 1984. Three concurrent peaks in cysticercosis rates (0.6/1,000 to 5/1,000 slaughtered cattle) were detected at 3 slaughter plants. Peaks were observed at 8 feedlots from December 1983 to March 1984, at 6 feedlots from April to July 1984, at 2 feedlots from August to October 1984, and at 3 feedlots from November 1984 to February 1985. Affected feedlots were not closely associated geographically and were feeding cattle from many, predominantly northwestern, origins. For 3 feedlots for which time in the feedlot was available for each slaughter shipment, an increase in cysticercosis rate with increasing time in the feedlot was noticed. Within these 3 feedlots, cases of cysticercosis were widely scattered spatially. The pattern of cysticercosis indicated human fecal contamination of a regionally available feed source. Of feedstuffs in use, potato waste, a byproduct of the processed potato industry, appeared to be the most likely source of Taenia saginata ova.
Hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values in Greyhounds before and after exercise
Authors: Ilkiw Jan E. , Davis Philip E. , Church David B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
After racing 722 m, 16 Greyhounds were evaluated to determine changes in hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values following exercise. Values were determined before racing (T0), immediately after racing (T1), and 3 hours after racing (T2). Significant changes detected immediately after racing included increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Significant changes in hematologic values included increases in pcv, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, rbc, wbc, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Change was not detected in values for monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophil/lymphoçyte ratio. Other increases included those for plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium, lactic acid, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose. Concentrations of potassium and urea did not change. Measurement of blood-gas and acid-base status revealed significant increases in Pao2 and base deficit, whereas Paco2, pH, and bicarbonate decreased. Three hours after exercise, all vital signs and blood-gas and acid-base values, except for Paco2, which was still slightly low, had returned to baseline (T0) values. Most biochemical values had also returned to baseline, although sodium, chloride, aspartate transaminase, and creatine kinase were still high, and urea was low. Many hematologic values were still different from baseline values, with high values for wbc, neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and low values for pcv, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, rbc, and lymphocytes.
Cell proliferation of epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands of Beagles and Cocker Spaniels with healthy skin
Authors: Kwochka Kenneth W. , Rademakers Adriana M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cell proliferation kinetic values were established for the epidermis, hair follicle epithelium, and sebaceous glands of 10 Beagles and 4 Cocker Spaniels with healthy skin and coats. Values were established by intradermal pulse-labeling injections of [3H]thymidine, examination of cutaneous biopsied tissues, and autoradiography. The epidermal basal cell-labeling index was 1.41 ± 0.46% for Beagles and 1.71 ± 0.56% for Cocker Spaniels. The hair follicle basal cell-labeling index was 1.46 ± 0.78 and 1.07 ± 0.42%, respectively. Calculated epidermal cell-renewal time for viable layers of the epidermis was 23.38 ± 5.93 days for Beagles and 20.97 ± 4.92 days for Cocker Spaniels. Differences between cell kinetic data for the 2 breeds were not significant (P > 0.05).
The basal cell-labeling index for the sebaceous gland was significantly (P = 0.009) lower for Cocker Spaniels (0.40 ± 0.18%) than for Beagles (1.81 ± 1.08%). Seemingly, epidermal and follicular cell proliferation kinetics in healthy dogs was similar between the 2 breeds, whereas sebaceous gland basal cells were less proliferative in healthy Cocker Spaniels than in healthy Beagles.
Pathogenesis of psoroptic scabies in Hereford heifer calves
Authors: Stromberg Paul C. , Guillot Frank S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hereford heifer calves were experimentally infested with Psoroptes ovis. Histologic examination of skin specimens was conducted at weekly intervals before and after treatment with ivermectin on postinfestation week 7. Electron microscopy revealed numerous degranulating mast cells in the skin of infested but not in control calves. Many active, as well as degenerate, neutrophils were in the scab on infested calves. Microscopic epidermal ulcers developed on infested calves when live mites were present but not after treatment. Numbers of dermal neutrophils and plasma cells decreased and numbers of circulating neutrophils increased 1 week after treatment. Numbers of dermal eosinophils and mast cells in calves with eosino-philia increased for several weeks after treatment. Statistical analysis indicated significant correlations (P < 0.05) among numbers of dermal inflammatory cells, hem-ogram values, and changes in dermal thickness. Seemingly, mite-induced epidermal damage was the key pathogenic event in psoroptic scabies in calves. Mast cell degranulation contributed to the pathogenesis of the dermatitis, and neutropenia was caused by sustained, poorly compensated efflux of neutrophils into the scab through mite-induced breaks in the epidermis.
Effects of intracameral injection of viscoelastic solutions on intraocular pressure in dogs
Authors: Gerding Paul A. , McLaughlin Susan A. , Brightman Alan H. , Essex-Sorlie Diane , Helper Lloyd C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intraocular pressure (iop) was determined in right eyes of 20 healthy dogs after sodium hyaluronate (1%, n = 5), sodium chondroitin sulfate (4%) and sodium hyaluronate (3%, n = 5), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (2%, n = 5), or balanced salt solution (control, n = 5) was injected into the anterior chamber. Applanation tonometry was used to measure iop in both eyes of each dog for up to 168 hours.
The 3 viscoelastic solutions resulted in an increased mean iop by postinjection hours (pih) 2; from pih 12 until pih 72, the iop was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than baseline. The control group did not have an increase in iop at pih 2; mean iop decreased below baseline measurements within 2 hours and remained lower until pih 72. Mean differences in iop were not found among treated eyes (P = 0.50), and a significant interaction of any treated eyes in a group was not detected (P = 0.21). By pih 168, the iop approached baseline values in all groups.
Isoelectric focusing under dissociating conditions for analysis of muscle protein from clinically normal dogs and Labrador Retrievers with hereditary myopathy
Authors: Mehta Jagjivan R. , Braund Kyle G. , McKerrell Rosemary E. , Toivio-Kinnucan Maria 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Protein profiles of whole homogenates of anconeus (slow twitch) and biceps femoris (fast twitch) muscles of clinically normal dogs and of Labrador Retrievers with hereditary myopathy (hm) were resolved on flat bed Polyacrylamide isoelectric-focusing gels. Three methods of sample solubilization were performed. The solubilization buffer, with high concentrations of urea, precipitated the zwitterionic detergent, but use of the buffer containing 3% NP-40, 9.2M urea, and 0.1M arginine resulted in better resolution and stability of pH gradient. Gels of anconeus muscle from clinically normal dogs contained 2 protein bands specific to anconeus muscle, whereas gels of biceps femoris muscle from clinically normal dogs contained 3 protein bands amplified in biceps femoris muscle that were barely detectable in anconeus muscle. The staining intensity of protein bands in biceps femoris muscles from Labrador Retrievers with hm was decreased, relative to controls. The quantitative analysis of peak height ratios of biceps femoris muscle revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences between profiles of clinically normal dogs and Labrador Retrievers with hm.
Nuclear scintigraphic assessment of liver size in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Godshalk Cynthia P. , Twardock A. Robert , Kneller Stephen K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Measurement of liver size was made on nuclear scintigraphic images obtained from 16 clinically normal, anesthetized dogs in ventral, dorsal, right and left lateral, and left dorsal oblique positions after administration of technetium 99m-sulfur colloid. Linear measurements of liver length and width were made from each scintiscan, and liver surface area was determined by setting a region of interest manually and by use of a computer count of pixels above a minimal intensity (threshold method). All linear measurements had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) correlation with liver and body weight, with the exception of the measurements of liver width made on dogs in dorsal and left lateral dorsal oblique positions. The highest correlation (r = 0.89) between the scintigraphic measurements and liver weight was the multiplication of measurements of liver width and length from the right lateral view. Although all area determinations were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with liver and body weight, for most views, the manual method of determining the region of interest had a slightly better correlation with the liver weight than did the threshold method.
Clinical and microbiologic findings in lambs inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica after infection with ovine adenovirus type 6
Authors: Lehmkuhl Howard D. , Contreras Jose A. , Cutlip Randall C. , Brogden Kim A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Colostrum-deprived lambs (10 to 20 days old) were inoculated with either ovine adenovirus type 6 (oav-6; n = 6), Pasteurella haemolytica type Al (n = 6), or oav-6 followed by P haemolytica 5 days later (n = 10). Another group (n = 3) served as sham-inoculated controls. Lambs inoculated with oav-6 or P haemolytica developed mild and moderate respiratory tract disease of 6 and 3 days' duration, respectively. Lambs inoculated with virus and bacteria developed clinical signs of respiratory tract disease of greater intensity and duration (9 days) than with either agent alone. Within 3 hours of bacterial inoculation, all lambs that received P haemolytica were anorectic, listless, and febrile, and had hyperpnea and dyspnea. Ovine adenovirus type 6 was isolated from all virus-inoculated lambs. Although P haemolytica was not recovered from all bacteria-inoculated lambs, it was recovered for a longer period in the group that received both agents. Antibody to oav-6 was detected in virus-inoculated lambs as early as day 6 after inoculation. The control lambs remained clinically normal and neither virus nor bacteria were recovered at necropsy.
Lesions of transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection in experimentally inoculated pigs suckling immunized sows
Authors: Moxley Rodney A. , Olson LeRoy D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intestinal lesions of transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus infection in conventionally reared pigs suckling either nonvaccinated, vaccinated, or previously infected sows were studied by scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and immunofluorescent microscopy for tge viral antigen. Pigs were inoculated with virulent tge virus when they were 5 or 21 days old and were euthanatized shortly after the onset of diarrhea or 96 hours after inoculation if no diarrhea developed. Pigs inoculated when they were either 5 or 21 days old and suckling nonvaccinated sows developed severe lesions, including swelling and necrosis of enterocytes and severe villus atrophy. Pigs inoculated when they were 5 days old and suckling sows vaccinated with attenuated vaccines developed less-severe villus atrophy, and those suckling sows immunized by exposure to nonattenuated tge virus developed moderate or no villus atrophy. Pigs inoculated when they were 21 days old and suckling sows vaccinated with attenuated vaccines had severe villus atrophy, whereas those suckling sows immunized by exposure to nonattenuated virus had more-moderate villus lesions. Villus atrophy was inhibited to various degrees in pigs suckling immunized sows, depending in part on the antibody titer in the colostrum and milk.
Time of appearance of esterase-positive alveolar macrophages in bovine fetal lung
Authors: Hambolu Joseph O. , Klemm Robert D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine fetal lung tissue was examined histochemically, using α-naphthyl butyrate (nonspecific method), to detect the presence of esterase-positive pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam). Positively stained pam were first seen in the alveolar septa and lumina of the lungs of 4 of 8 fetuses 240 days old. Macrophages (n = 100) in 240-day-old fetuses were 6.74 ± 0.07 µm, and in most cells, esterase-positive granules were sparsely distributed in the cytoplasm. In 10 fetuses 250 days old, the alveolar septa and lumina of lungs contained positively stained macrophages, as did those of all older fetal lungs examined. Compared with macrophages of the 240-day-old fetuses, those (n = 50) of 250-day-old fetuses were significantly larger, 7.32 ± 0.10 µm (P < 0.0001), and esterase-positive granules were heavily distributed throughout the cytoplasm.
In all fetal lungs, T lymphocytes contained a single, small, esterase-positive granule, compared with the numerous diffuse esterase-positive granules in pam. Type-II pneumonocytes with well-developed lamellar bodies had no evidence of positive nonspecific esterase reaction in lungs.
Xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in horses
Authors: Hubbell J. A. E. , Bednarski R. M. , Muir W. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of xylazine in combination with a 1:1 mixture of tiletamine and zolazepam were determined in 6 horses. Each horse was given xylazine iv or im, as well as tiletamine-zolazepam iv on 4 randomized occasions. Anesthetics were administered at the rate of 1.1 mg of xylazine/kg of body weight, iv, 1.1 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, iv (treatment 1); 1.1 mg of xylazine/kg, iv, 1.65 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, iv (treatment 2); 1.1 mg of xylazine/kg, iv, 2.2 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, iv (treatment 3); and 2.2 mg of xylazine/kg, im, 1.65 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam/kg, iv (treatment 4). Tiletamine-zolazepam doses were the sum of tiletamine plus zolazepam. Xylazine, when given iv, was given 5 minutes before tiletamine-zolazepam. Xylazine, when given im, was given 10 minutes before tiletamine-zolazepam.
Tiletamine-zolazepam induced recumbency in all horses. Duration of recumbency in group 1 was 31.9 ± 7.2 (mean ± 1 sd) minutes. Increasing the dosage of tiletamine-zolazepam (treatments 2 and 3) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the duration of recumbency. Xylazine caused significant (P < 0.05) decreases in heart rate and cardiac output and signifient (P < 0.05) increases in central venous pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure 5 minutes after administration. Respiratory rate was decreased. Arterial blood pressures increased significantly (P < 0.05) after xylazine was administered iv in treatments 1 and 3, but the increases were not significant in treatment 2. Xylazine administered im caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in central venous pressure and significant (P < 0.05) decreases in cardiac output. Tiletamine-zolazepam administration caused significant (P < 0.05) decreases in arterial partial pressure of oxygen and arterial pH and significant (P < 0.05) increases in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide. These changes persisted for the duration of recumbency.
Induction to lateral recumbency was rapid and smooth. Recovery from anesthesia was smooth when xylazine was administered iv. Results of this study indicated that xylazine, in combination with tiletamine-zolazepam, is useful to induce reasonably safe short-term anesthesia in horses.
Effects of phenylbutazone on glucose tolerance and on secretion of insulin in healthy geldings
Authors: Zicker Steven C. , Brumbaugh Gordon W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg of body weight, iv, q 24 h, for 5 days) on glucose tolerance and on secretion of insulin in 6 healthy geldings was determined. Phenylbutazone significantly lowered fasting concentrations of glucose in plasma but did not significantly change the concentration of insulin in serum. There was no significant effect of phenylbutazone on glucose tolerance, on secretion of insulin, or on the area under the insulin/glucose ratio vs time curve in healthy geldings, as determined by paired t test analysis.