bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired lactation in mice expressing dominant‐negative FADD in mammary epithelium
Authors: Shackleton Mark , O'Reilly Lorraine A. , Sutherland Kate D. , Bath Mary L. , Ellis Sarah , Strasser Andreas , Visvader Jane E. , Lindeman Geoffrey J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Fas‐associated death domain (FADD/Mort1) adaptor protein was originally identified as a key mediator of apoptosis, although pleiotropic functions for FADD have also been reported. FADD‐mediated tumoricidal effects have been described in breast cancer cells; however, its physiological role in normal mammary gland epithelium is not well understood. To determine the role of FADD signaling during mammary gland development, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing dominant‐negative FADD (DN‐FADD) in mammary epithelium, using the steroid responsive mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. Transgenic mice exhibited a perturbation in lactation resulting in impaired milk production and pup growth retardation. Reduced expansion of alveoli was evident during early lactation with extensive shedding of luminal alveolar cells. Significantly more TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick end‐labeling)‐positive cells were present at this time point and a subsequent increase in bromodeoxyuridine‐positive cells was observed. These findings suggest a role for FADD in maintaining the survival of mammary secretory alveolar cells after the establishment of lactation. Developmental Dynamics 238:1010–1016, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro embryo culture in defined, sub‐microliter volumes
Authors: Melin Jessica , Lee Alan , Foygel Kira , Leong Denise E. , Quake Stephen R. , Yao Mylene W.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe high attrition rate of in vitro human embryo culture presents a major obstacle in the treatment of clinical infertility by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Physical and genetic requirements are not well understood for human or mouse preimplantation embryo development. Group culture is an established requirement for optimal embryo development in the mouse model. However, conventional microdrop culture limitations hinder investigations of the effects of physical parameters on in vitro embryo development. We report a microfluidics platform that enables embryo culture in precisely defined, sub‐microliter volumes (5–500 nl) which cannot be investigated using conventional methods. Groups of two embryos per microfluidic well successfully developed to the blastocyst stage, at a rate of over 80%, which is comparable to those cultured in 20‐μl microdrops. This system can be used to dissect physical requirements of in vitro single or group embryo culture, and be made highly parallel to increase experimental throughput. Developmental Dynamics 238:950–955, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formaldehyde‐based whole‐mount in situ hybridization method for planarians
Authors: Pearson Bret J. , Eisenhoffer George T. , Gurley Kyle A. , Rink Jochen C. , Miller Diane E. , Alvarado Alejandro Sánchez 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRobust, high resolution formaldehyde‐based in situ hybridization method for the interrogation of planarian regeneration. Schmidtea mediterranea specimen after head and tail regeneration labeled by combining immunofluorescence and double fluorescent in situ hybridization. Riboprobes for Smed‐porcn‐1 (gastrovascular system) and Smed‐slit (midline cells) are shown in blue and green, respectively, while mouse anti‐a‐tubulin antibody (brain, ventral nerve chords, pharynx, flame cells) is shown in red/magenta. Images obtained by Sarah Elliott and Kyle Gurley, University of Utah. See Pearson et al., Developmental Dynamics 238:443‐450. Developmental Dynamics, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cloning of a dominant roller mutant and establishment of DNA‐mediated transformation in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus
Authors: Schlager Benjamin , Wang Xiaoyue , Braach Georg , Sommer Ralf J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report the molecular cloning of a dominant Roller mutant of Pristionchus pacificus, which encodes a cuticle collagen. We use the mutant locus as a marker to develop transgenic technique by generating complex arrays and present flourescent‐protein based transcriptional reporter constructs for P. pacificus. genesis 47:300–304, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Compound {[Mn(trien)]2SnS4}·4H2O: Exhibiting a Hitherto Unknown Binding Mode of the [SnS4]4– Tetrahedron
Authors: Pienack Nicole , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe compound {[Mn(C6H18N4)]2SnS4}·4H2O (C6H18N4 = triethylenetetramine) was obtained under solvothermal conditions. In the structure of the {[Mn(C6H18N4)]2SnS4}∞ chain, two S atoms of the [SnS4]4– anion act in a hitherto never observed μ3 bridging mode that connects the Mn2S2N8 di‐octahedra. The Mn2+ ions are octahedrally coordinated by four N and two S atoms, and two symmetry‐related octahedra share a common S–S edge. Three of the H2O molecules are joined into chains through H‐bonding interactions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Dinuclear Copper(II) Phosphonates Containing Chelating Nitrogen Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetism and Nuclease Activity
Authors: Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Senapati Tapas , Clérac Rodolphe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O with RPO3H2 (R = cyclopentyl, isopropyl, trichloromethyl) in the presence of chelating nitrogen ligands bpya or bpy afforded dinuclear copper phosphonates [Cu2(μ2‐C5H9PO3)2(bpya)2(H2O)2] (H2O)4 (1), [Cu2(μ2‐C3H7PO3)2(bpya)2(H2O)2] (H2O)2 (2) and [Cu2(μ2‐CCl3PO3)2(bpy)2(MeOH)2] (H2O) (3) [bpya = 2,2′‐bipyridylamine, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine]. The molecular structures of these complexes reveal that they are isostructural and possess two copper centres that are bridged to each other by two isobidentate phosphonate ligands generating an eight‐membered Cu2O4P2 ring. Magnetic studies on 2 reveal antiferromagnetic behaviour at low temperatures. Dinuclear complexes 1–3 were found to be excellent nucleases and can convert supercoiled pBR322 DNA form I into nick form II in only 30 min without the need for any external oxidant through a hydrolytic pathway. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Numerical implementation of the Crank–Nicolson/Adams–Bashforth scheme for the time‐dependent Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: He Yinnian , Li Jian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article considers numerical implementation of the Crank–Nicolson/Adams–Bashforth scheme for the two‐dimensional non‐stationary Navier–Stokes equations. A finite element method is applied for the spatial approximation of the velocity and pressure. The time discretization is based on the Crank–Nicolson scheme for the linear term and the explicit Adams–Bashforth scheme for the nonlinear term. Comparison with other methods, through a series of numerical experiments, shows that this method is almost unconditionally stable and convergent, i.e. stable and convergent when the time step is smaller than a given constant. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Valuing health: a new proposal
Authors: Hausman Daniel M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAfter criticizing existing systems of health measurement for their unargued commitment to evaluating health states in terms of preferences or well‐being, this essay argues that public rather than private values of health states should help guide the allocation of health‐related resources. Private evaluation of health states is relative to a prior individual choice of specific activities and goals, while public evaluation is relative to the whole range of important activities and goals. Public evaluation is concerned with securing a wide range of choices as well as with success given one's choice. A reasonable simplification from the public perspective is to focus on just two features of health states: the subjective feelings attached to health states and the limitations that health states imply on the range of important activities that individuals can pursue. Focusing on just these two dimensions permits the construction of a parsimonious classification of health states with regard to what matters most from the public perspective. This classification, which resembles those in the HALex and the Rosser and Kind Disability and Distress Index, might best be built on top of existing health‐state classifications, by mapping the health states they define to activity‐limitation/feeling pairs.To assign values to these pairs, I propose relying on deliberative groups to make comparisons among the pairs with respect to the relation ‘is a more serious limitation on the range of objectives and good lives available to members of the population’. A ranking according to this property, is not a preference ranking, because it is not a ranking in terms of everything that matters to individuals.Working back from the weights attached to the activity‐limitation/feeling pairs, one can impute weights for the health states in other classification systems that were mapped to those pairs. If those weights coincide roughly with current weights, then one legitimizes current weights and provides a vehicle for their public discussion and possible revision. If those weights do not coincide, then one has both an argument for revising current views of the cost effectiveness of treatments and policies and a method to carry out such a revision. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting AKT with the proapoptotic peptide, TAT‐CTMP: A novel strategy for the treatment of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Simon Peter O. , McDunn Jonathan E. , Kashiwagi Hiroyuki , Chang Katherine , Goedegebuure Peter S. , Hotchkiss Richard S. , Hawkins William G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPancreatic adenocarcinoma carries an ominous prognosis and has little effective treatment. Several studies have demonstrated that the potently antiapoptotic phosphatidyl inositol 3′‐kinase (PI3K)—protein kinase B/AKT pathway is active in pancreas cancer. A recent study identified an endogenous AKT antagonist, carboxyl terminal modulator protein (CTMP). CTMP inhibits the phosphorylation of AKT, preventing full activation of the kinase. We screened several cell permeable peptides from the N‐terminal domain of CTMP (termed TAT‐CTMP1–4) in vitro and found one that caused significant apoptosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. An inactive variant of this peptide was synthesized and used as a negative control. In all cell lines tested, TAT‐CTMP4 induced a dose‐dependent increase in apoptosis as detected by %‐TUNEL positive cells and %‐active caspase‐3 (% active caspase‐3 ranged from 31.2 to 61.9 at the highest dose tested (10 μM). A screening of various cell and tissue types revealed that the proapoptotic activity was highest in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. TAT‐CTMP induced similar levels of active caspase‐3 as several other known inducers of apoptosis: gemcitabine, radiation therapy, wortmannin and recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. No apoptosis was observed in donor human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, p < 0.01). We further showed that TAT‐CTMP4 could augment either gemcitabine chemotherapy or radiation therapy, standard therapies for pancreas cancer. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts treated with a single dose of TAT‐CTMP4 demonstrated a marked increase in caspase‐3 positive tumor cells when compared with untreated controls. Additionally, pancreatic adenocarcinoma allografts treated with intratumoral TAT‐CTMP and systemic gemcitabine displayed a significantly smaller tumor burden while undergoing treatment than mice in control groups (p < 0.001). These data indicate that inhibiting AKT with CTMP may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and, when combined with established therapies, may result in an increase in tumor cell death. © 2009 UICC
P21‐activated kinase 5 is overexpressed during colorectal cancer progression and regulates colorectal carcinoma cell adhesion and migration
Authors: Gong Wei , An Zhengwen , Wang Yunling , Pan Xinyan , Fang Weigang , Jiang Bo , Zhang Hongquan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractP21‐activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is the recently identified member of the group B p21‐activated kinase (PAK) family which are effectors of the small GTPase Cdc42 and Rac1, known to regulate cell motility and activate cell‐survival signaling pathways. However, overexpression of PAK5 has not been associated with any cancers so far. Interestingly, we found that PAK5 was overexpressed in a variety of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell lines in a Western‐blotting examination. Therefore, in this study, we aim to examine the PAK5 expression during CRC progression and to answer if PAK5 is involved in malignant progression of CRC. By immunohistochemistry, our results showed that PAK5 expression was increased with CRC progression through the adenoma to carcinoma sequence, with the most significant increases in invasive and metastatic CRCs (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, increased PAK5 expression was also found with the development of CRC from lower Duke's grades to higher ones (p < 0.01). Moreover, PAK5 was also increased from well to poorly differentiated CRCs (p < 0.01). Using gain and loss of function experiments, we found that PAK5 reduced CRC cell adhesion but promoted their migration on collagen type I. Taken together, our study demonstrated that PAK5 expression increased significantly with malignant progression of CRC and that PAK5 might promote CRC metastasis by regulating CRC cell adhesion and migration. © 2009 UICC
Identification and characterization of a novel CXC chemokine in xenograft tumor induced by mas‐overexpressing cells
Authors: Lin Wen‐Zhen , Li Zhou‐Fang , Tsang Sup‐Yin , Lung Lydia K.W. , Wang Da‐Kui , Chan Wood‐Yee , Zhu You‐Kai , Lee Susanna S.T. , Cheung Wing‐Tai 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOverexpressions of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) with elevated downstream signaling events have been reported in various tumors. However, the cellular mechanism that GPCR overexpression leads to tumor formation is largely unknown. The orphan GPCR mas was originally isolated from a human epidermoid carcinoma. In vivo studies of mas‐overexpressing cells suggested that xenograft tumor formation was positively correlated with the levels of mas expression. Histochemical analysis indicated that xenograft tumor consisted of mas‐transfected and stromal cells. Biochemical analyses revealed that cells overexpressing mas exhibited significantly increased anchorage‐independent growth, whereas there was no significant difference in cell proliferation in comparison with empty vector‐transfected control cells. Expression profiling using mRNA differential display and Northern analysis indicated an elevated expression of GRO and a novel CXC chemokines, tumor‐induced factor (TIF), in mas‐transfected cells and xenograft tumor. Bacterially expressed recombinant TIF was found to act as a neutrophil chemoattractant in a chemotactic assay. These results suggest that mas overexpression enables anchorage‐independent growth of transformed cells, and interplays of secreted chemokines with stromal cells modulate xenograft tumor formation. Importantly, a novel CXC chemokine, TIF, was identified in the xenograft tumor tissues. © 2009 UICC
Design of a multiphase osteochondral scaffold. I. Control of chemical composition
Authors: Lynn Andrew K. , Best Serena M. , Cameron Ruth E. , Harley Brendan A. , Yannas Ioannis V. , Gibson Lorna J. , Bonfield William 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis is the first in a series of articles that describe the design and development of a family of osteochondral scaffolds based on collagen‐glycosaminoglycan (collagen‐GAG) and calcium phosphate technologies, engineered for the regenerative repair of defects in articular cartilage. The osteochondral scaffolds consist of two layers: a mineralized type I collagen‐GAG scaffold designed to regenerate the underlying subchondral bone and a nonmineralized type II collagen‐GAG scaffold designed to regenerate cartilage. The subsequent articles in this series describe the fabrication and properties of a mineralized scaffold as well as a two‐layer (one mineralized, the other not) osteochondral scaffold for regeneration of the underlying bone and cartilage, respectively. This article describes a technology through which the chemical composition—particularly the calcium phosphate mass fraction—of triple coprecipitated nanocomposites of collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and calcium phosphate can be accurately and reproducibly varied without the need for titrants or other additives. Here, we describe how the mineral:organic ratio can be altered over a range that includes that for articular cartilage (0 wt % mineral) and for bone (75 wt % mineral). This technology achieves the objective of mimicking the composition of two main tissue types found in articular joints, with particular emphasis on the osseous compartment of an osteochondral scaffold. Exclusion of titrants avoids the formation of potentially harmful contaminant phases during freeze‐drying steps crucial for scaffold fabrication, ensuring that the potential for binding growth factors and drugs is maintained. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Measuring the strength of dermal fibroblast attachment to functionalized titanium alloys in vitro
Authors: Pendegrass Catherine J. , Middleton Claire A. , Gordon David , Jacob Josh , Blunn Gordon W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe success of intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prostheses (ITAP) relies on soft tissue attachment to prevent infection which leads to implant failure. Fibronectin (Fn) has been shown to enhance dermal fibroblast attachment in vitro, however measurement of cell attachment strength has been indirect; using cell area and immunolocalization of focal adhesion components. In this study, we have developed a flow apparatus to assess the biophysical strength of cell attachment to biomaterials used in ITAP. We have demonstrated that dermal fibroblast attachment strength increases significantly up to 96 h and that data from direct and indirect methods of assessing cell attachment strength have a significant positive correlation. Additionally, we have used direct and indirect assessment methods to demonstrate that dermal fibroblast attachment strength is significantly greater on fibronectin‐coated titanium alloy compared with uncoated controls at 1, 4, and 24 hours. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Phenotypic changes in proliferation, differentiation, and migration of chondrocytes: 3D in vitro models for joint wound healing
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Hui , Chen Chun‐Wei , Lai Wen‐Fu T. , Tang Ja‐Reng , Deng Win‐Ping , Yeh Shauh‐Der , Chung Andrew , Zuo Chun S. , Bowley John F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe aim to establish a 3D model of cartilage wound healing, and explore the involvement of chondrocytes in its repair. To characterize chondrocyte involvement in wound healing, an in vitro 3D model composed of chondrocyte mixing with either type II/I collagen or type I collagen matrix was established. The “defects” measuring 5 mm in diameter were made on each collagen matrix‐chondrocyte construct to mimic in vivo cartilage defects. The effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on chondrocytes migration and differentiation were studied. The migration and Glucosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis of chondrocytes in the defect areas were observed by microscopy after Alcian‐blue staining. In the presence of bFGF, GAG expression increased significantly when chondrocytes were cultured in type II/I collagen matrix compared to type I collagen matrix. However, mild GAG accumulation was also found when cells were cultured in either type I or type II/I collagens without bFGF. In a 3D model of cartilage wound healing, bFGF promote chondrocyte proliferation, migration and differentiation in the presence of type II/I collagen matrix, and showed potential to regulate wound healing. These wound healing models may provide feasible methods to explore various drugs prior to human trials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Pancreatic cancer stem cells and relevance to cancer treatments
Authors: Bednar Filip , Simeone Diane M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPancreatic cancer continues to be a malignancy with few therapeutic options. The majority of patients that present for an evaluation have locally advanced or metastatic disease that is incurable by surgical approaches. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance of pancreatic adenocarcinomas limits the efficacy of these therapeutic approaches. Recent evidence supports the existence of human pancreatic cancer stem cells, which appear to drive tumor initiation and progression and are particularly resistant to cell death induced by radiation or chemotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer stem cell self‐renewal and resistance to standard therapies may lead to new, more effective therapies to treat this dismal disease. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 40–45, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On set intersection representations of graphs
Authors: Jukna Stasys 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe intersection dimension of a bipartite graph with respect to a typeLis the smallest numbertfor which it is possible to assign setsAx⊆{1, …,t} of labels to verticesxso that any two verticesxandyfrom different parts are adjacent if and only if |Ax∩Ay|∈L. The weight of such a representation is the sum Σx|Ax| over all verticesx. We exhibit explicit bipartiten×ngraphs whose intersection dimension is (i) at leastn1/|L| with respect to any typeL, (ii) at least$\sqrt{n}$with respect to any type of the formL={k, k+ 1, …}, and (iii) at leastn1/|R| with respect to any type of the formL={k|k modp∈R}, wherepis a prime number. We also show that any intersection representation of a Hadamard graph must have weight aboutn lnn/ln lnn, independent on the used typeL. Finally, we formulate several problems about intersection dimensions of graphs related to some basic open problems in the complexity of boolean functions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 61: 55‐75, 2009
Adapted list coloring of planar graphs
Authors: Esperet Louis , Montassier Mickaël , Zhu Xuding 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGiven an edge coloring F of a graph G, a vertex coloring of G is adapted to F if no color appears at the same time on an edge and on its two endpoints. If for some integer k, a graph G is such that given any list assignment L to the vertices of G, with |L(v)|⩾k for all v, and any edge coloring F of G, G admits a coloring c adapted to F where c(v)∈L(v) for all v, then G is said to be adaptably k‐choosable. In this note, we prove that K5‐minor‐free graphs are adaptably 4‐choosable, which implies that planar graphs are adaptably 4‐colorable and answers a question of Hell and Zhu. We also prove that triangle‐free planar graphs are adaptably 3‐choosable and give negative results on planar graphs without 4‐cycle, planar graphs without 5‐cycle, and planar graphs without triangles at distance t, for any t⩾0. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 62: 127–138, 2009