bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Verwendung von Sprinkleranlagen im Wohnungsbau
Authors: Daniels Gary , Wallasch Karl 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn der Normung wird die Verwendung von Sprinkleranlagen in Wohngebäuden nicht gefordert. Untersuchungen ergaben jedoch, daß ihr Einsatz im Brandfall die Zahl der Opfer reduzieren kann. Im Frühjahr 2007 werden die Richtlinien für England und Wales dahingehend verändert werden, daß für Wohngebäude mit einer Höhe von über 30 m Sprinkleranlagen einzusetzen sind. Der Beitrag diskutiert die Verwendung von Sprinkleranlagen in Wohngebäuden und zeigt ihren Einfluß auf typische Grundrisse für Wohngebäude auf.
Robustheit von Tragwerken – ein vergessenes Entwurfsziel?
Authors: Harte Reinhard , Krätzig Wilfried B. , Petryna Yuri S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTragwerke können auf ungewöhnlich hohe oder ungeplante Einwirkungen sehr unterschiedlich reagieren: Manche bleiben weitgehend frei von Schädigungen, anderen droht der Verlust ihrer Tragfähigkeit. Ein besonders schädigungsarmes Tragwerksverhalten bezeichnet man mit dem Begriff der Robustheit, bezogen auf eine bestimmte Ursache. Für diese Tragwerkseigenschaft fehlt jedoch – anders als z. B. für Redundanz oder Duktilität – bis heute eine exakte Definition und Quantifizierung. Der vorliegende Beitrag formuliert beides aus Ingenieursicht, erläutert Eigenschaften von Tragwerksrobustheit an Beispielen und weist auf Maßnahmenkataloge sowie Vorgehensweisen zur Robustheitserhöhung hin.
Online‐Monitoring und Berechnung der Betonspannungen infolge thermischen Zwangs für ein Trogbauwerk am Hauptbahnhof Berlin
Authors: Rostásy Ferdinand S. , Krauß Matias , Laube Martin , Rusack Thomas , Budelmann Harald 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDas Trogbauwerk N führt die Nord‐Süd‐Linien des Hauptbahnhofes Berlin auf Geländeniveau. Näheres hierzu ist [1] zu entnehmen. Der hohe Grundwasserdruck erforderte die Kopplung der Trogsohle mit der Unterwasserbetonsohle. Weil hierdurch die lastunabhängigen Verformungen behindert werden, ist mit hohem Zwang zu rechnen. Zur Erfassung des Zwangs waren über das Regelwerk hinausgehende Annahmen notwendig. Die Deutsche Bahn hat deshalb das Online‐Monitoring zwangrelevanter Größen an einem repräsentativen Trog entschieden. Die Messungen begannen am Herstelltag dieses Blockes und werden im Bahnbetrieb fortgeführt. Über das Monitoring der Temperaturen, Relativverschiebungen und Pfahldehnungen ist bereits in [1] berichtet worden. In diesem Bericht werden die Ergebnisse der Betonspannungsmessungen im Zentrum der Trogsohle vorgestellt. Die Spannungen werden von der MPA Braunschweig in zwei Richtungen und zwei Ebenen mit hierfür entwickelten Sensoren gemessen.Die Spannungen im frühen Betonalter werden von der Abbindewärme des Betons und vom Klima maßgeblich beeinflußt. Im nahezu gesamten Zeitraum traten am unteren Rand der Trogsohle Zugspannungen auf, während der obere Rand unter Druckspannungen stand. Untere Einrisse waren sehr wahrscheinlich. Die Zugspannung im Alter von 8 Wochen wurde als bleibender Sockelbetrag in den erhärteten Beton exportiert.Der frühe Zwang ist bei der Ausführungsplanung nicht näher untersucht worden. In diesem Bericht werden den Meßwerten Rechenwerte der Spannungen an die Seite gestellt. Ziel der Untersuchung sind Aussagen zur Vorhersagegüte erprobter Näherungsverfahren zur Abschätzung des frühen Zwangs. Die berechneten Spannungen basieren auf den gemessenen Bauteiltemperaturen und Stoffgesetzen, die über Versuche abgeleitet worden sind. Die Behinderung der lastunabhängigen Verformungen im Gesamtsystem wurde an einem Ersatzsystem (Stabwerk) untersucht, in dem sämtliche behindernde Bauteile abgebildet sind. Die nichtlinearen Betonspannungen im Zentrum der Trogsohle wurden mit der Dreischichtenmethode berechnet. Die Gegenüberstellung der gemessenen und berechneten Spannungen ermöglicht Aussagen zur Vorhersagegüte der Ingenieurmodelle.
“Produktionsverfahren im Stahlbau” – online – Lehrveranstaltung via Internet – ein Versuch
Authors: Steinborn Thomas , Lange Jörg 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDie Lehrveranstaltung “Produktionsverfahren im Stahlbau” der Technischen Universität Darmstadt wird seit zwei Jahren parallel zur Präsenzveranstaltung auch online angeboten. Externen Studierenden ist es somit möglich, an der Veranstaltung teilzunehmen, ohne daß sie in Darmstadt präsent sein müssen. Diese Umstellung ist ohne größere Eingriffe in die bestehende Lehrveranstaltung möglich gewesen und trotz beschränkter Ressourcen mit großem Erfolg umgesetzt worden.Die Autoren sehen in dieser Erweiterung des traditionellen universitären Lehrangebots eine Möglichkeit, den durch äußere Sparzwänge auferlegten Kürzungen entgegenzuwirken und, im Verbund mit anderen Hochschulen, ein reichhaltiges Lehrangebot für die Studierenden aufrechtzuerhalten.Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird über die Besonderheiten, die sich aus der Abwicklung dieses Lehrangebotes im World Wide Web ergeben, berichtet. Weiterhin werden einige Ergebnisse der Studentenbefragung und Prüfung vorgestellt.
Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Gedächtniskirche Berlin – Qualität und Geschichte einer Instandsetzung
Authors: Weber Helmut 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBeton und Stahlbeton sind relativ junge Baustoffe, die aber eine ständig wachsende Bedeutung haben. Die Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Gedächtniskirche in Berlin wurde vor ca. 50 Jahren als Stahl‐ und Stahlbetonkonstruktion errichtet. An diesem Objekt wird beispielhaft dargestellt, wie man denkmalgeschützte Bauwerke unter Berücksichtigung der gültigen Richtlinien instandsetzen kann.
Do real estate assets hedge inflation better than financial assets? Some New Zealand evidence
Authors: Ting Zhou Ting , Gunasekarage Abeyratna , Power David M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness of real estate assets in hedging inflation; financial assets are also analysed for the purpose of comparison. The real estate assets classes examined include residential, commercial, industrial and farm buildings, whereas the financial assets classes include stocks, short‐term government bonds and long‐term government bonds. The rate of inflation is proxied by the change in consumer price index. The findings revealed that all four types of real estate assets provide a partial hedge against actual inflation. However, their financial counterparts failed to provide any hedge against inflation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do real estate mutual funds enhance portfolio returns and reduce portfolio risk?
Authors: Gullett Nell S. , Redman Arnold L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examines both the determinants of risk‐adjusted returns of real estate mutual funds relative to that of five categories of equity mutual funds and the systematic risk/return impacts on mutual fund portfolios when combined with real estate mutual funds. We find that there are three variables that are significant in affecting risk‐adjusted returns of real estate mutual funds: correlation with stock market returns, expense ratio and tax efficiency. Real estate funds with returns that have a greater association with stock market returns would have larger risk‐adjusted returns. Low tax efficiency and larger expense ratios would lead to reduced risk‐adjusted returns. This study provides evidence of the positive risk/return impacts of including real estate mutual funds in a portfolio of equity mutual funds. Combining real estate mutual funds into equally weighted portfolios with non‐real estate mutual funds would have increased portfolio returns while decreasing portfolio beta. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Selection to Identify and Chemical Microarray to Study the RNA Internal Loops Recognized by 6′‐N‐Acylated Kanamycin A
Authors: Disney Matthew D. , Childs‐Disney Jessica L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHerein, we describe our initial steps towards identifying the RNA secondary structure motifs that are recognized by small molecules. We selected members of an RNA 3×3 internal loop motif library that bind kanamycin A, an RNA‐binding aminoglycoside antibiotic, by using only one round of selection. A small internal‐loop library was chosen because members are likely to be present in other larger, biologically relevant RNAs. We have identified several internal loops of various size and base composition that kanamycin A prefers to bind. The highest affinity structures are two 5′‐UU/3′‐CU 2×2 internal loops closed by AU pairs. Binding is specific for the selected internal loops with the highest affinities, since binding to the RNA cassette used to display the library or to DNA is >150‐fold weaker. Enzymatic mapping experiments also confirm binding of kanamycin A to the internal loops. This method lays the foundation for finding RNA secondary structure elements that bind small molecules and for interrogating factors affecting RNA–ligand interactions. Information from these and subsequent studies will: 1) facilitate the rational and modular design of drugs or probes that bind target RNAs with high affinity, provided the secondary structure of the target is known and 2) give insight into the potential bystander RNAs that aminoglycosides bind.
Changes in brain function during acute cannabis intoxication: preliminary findings suggest a mechanism for cannabis‐induced violence
Authors: Howard Richard C. , Menkes David B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground Recent evidence suggests that cannabis use may be associated with antisocial and violent behaviour, raising the question: What brain mechanisms mediate the disinhibiting effects of cannabis on behaviour?Aims/Hypotheses To examine whether an electrocortical measure of affective impulsivity, Go/No Go contingent negative variation, is affected by acute cannabis intoxication.Methods Slow brain potentials were recorded in a Go/No Go noise avoidance task from five habitual cannabis users before, during and after they smoked a cannabis reefer containing 11 mg D‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol.Results Slow brain potentials developed normally in both Go and No Go conditions before and during cannabis smoking but were severely disrupted 20–40 minutes later, coincident with peak intoxication. Cannabis effects on Go/No Go brain activity resembled those reported to occur in patients with lateral prefrontal cortex lesions.Conclusion/Implications Our findings are preliminary, calling for larger‐scale studies, to confirm the present findings and to investigate whether brain responses to cannabis intoxication differentiate those who are predisposed to suffer adverse consequences of cannabis use from those who are not. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of rugby match outcome on spectator aggression and intention to drink alcohol
Authors: Moore Simon C. , Shepherd Jonathan P. , Eden Sam , Sivarajasingam Vaseekaran 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground Alcohol, aggression and assault injury are strongly associated with popular sporting events, but mediating factors are not clear.Aims To explore aggression, happiness and plans to consume alcohol among spectators before and spectators after sports matches.Methods Cross‐sectional surveys of male rugby football fans at an international stadium generated four groups: a pre‐match group of 111 men, and three post‐match groups of supporters, 17 whose team had won, 23 whose team had lost and 46 whose team had drawn. Consenting participants were assessed using the assault sub‐scale of the Buss‐Durkee Hostility Inventory, on a self‐rating of happiness (Likert scale), for planned alcohol consumption and demographic variables. Pre‐ and post‐match group mean responses were compared.Results Analyses were performed on 197 male spectators (mean age 42 years). Spectators in ‘win’ (z = 2.63, p < 0.01) and ‘draw’ (z = 2.76, p < 0.01) groups rated themselves as more aggressive than those in the pre‐game group, but those in the losing group did not (z = −0.03, p > 0.05). No differences, however, were observed between pre‐match, ‘win’, ‘draw’ or ‘lose’ groups on the decision to drink after the match. Winning did not increase happiness (t = 0.25, p > 0.05), but losing (t = 2.09, p < 0.05) or drawing (t = 7.64, p < 0.001) decreased it.Conclusions This study suggests that team success but not failure may increase aggression among supporters, and that aggression, not celebration, drives post‐match alcohol consumption. Losing and drawing decreased happiness but winning did not increase it. Better understanding of pathways to violence in these circumstances will pave the way for more effective prevention and management strategies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renal hemodynamics: Theory and practical tips
Authors: Siddiqui Tariq S. , Elghoul Ziad , Reza Syed T. , Leesar Massoud A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe angiographic assessment of renal artery stenosis (RAS) is often difficult and not reliable. A hyperemic systolic pressure gradient (HSPG) >20 mm Hg provides the highest concordance rate of 100% with an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) minimal lumen cross sectional area <8.6 mm2 to predict the severity of RAS. We present 4 cases in whom the role of HSPG and IVUS compared with angiography for the assessment of the severity of RAS is discussed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glass analysis for forensic purposes—a comparison of classification methods
Authors: Zadora Grzegorz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne of the purposes of the chemical analysis of glass fragments (pieces of glass of linear dimension ca. 0.5 mm) for forensic purposes is a classification of those fragments into use categories, for example windows, car headlights and containers. The object of this research was to check the efficiency of Naïve Bayes Classifiers (NBCs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to the application of the classification of glass objects when those objects may be described by the major and minor elemental concentrations obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with an Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectrometer which is routinely used in many forensic institutes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral recognition ability and solvent versatility of bonded amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase: Enantioselective liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic N‐alkylated barbiturates and thalidomide analogs
Authors: Ghanem Ashraf , Al‐Humaidi Ebtessam 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe chiral recognition ability and solvent versatility of a new chiral stationary phase containing amylose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarabamate immobilized onto silica gel (CHIRALPAK® IA) is investigated. Thus, the direct enantioselective separation of a set of racemic N‐alkylated barbiturates and 3‐alkylated analogs of thalidomide was conducted using different nonstandard solvents as eluent and diluent, respectively in high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The separation, resolution, and elution order of the investigated compounds were compared on both immobilized and coated amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phases (Chiralpak IA and Chiralpak AD, respectively) using a mixture of n‐hexane/2‐propanol (90:10 v/v) as mobile phase with different flow‐rates and fixed UV detection at 254 nm. The effect of the immobilization of the amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase on silica (Chiralpak IA) on the chiral recognition ability was noted as the bonded phase (Chiralpak IA) was superior in chiral recognition and possesses a higher resolving power in most of the reported cases than the coated one (Chiralpak AD). A few racemates were not or poorly resolved on the immobilized Chiralpak IA or the coated Chiralpak AD when using standard solvents were most efficiently resolved on the immobilized Chiralpak IA upon using nonstandard solvents. Furthermore, the immobilized phase withstands the nonstandard (prohibited) HPLC solvents such as dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, methyl‐tert‐butyl ether, and others when used as eluents or as a dissolving agent for the analyte itself. The direct analysis of a real sample extracted from plasma using DCM on Chiralpak IA is also shown. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereoselective regulation of MDR1 expression in Caco‐2 cells by cetirizine enantiomers
Authors: Shen Shuijie , He Ying , Zeng Su 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMDR1‐encoded P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is a drug efflux transporter mainly expressed in liver, kidney, intestine, brain (at the level of the blood‐brain barrier), and placenta. It thus plays important roles in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion. Cetirizine is a second‐generation nonsedating antihistamine used to treat allergic disease of respiratory system, skin and eyes. To evaluate P‐gp expression and function in Caco‐2 cells pretreated with cetirizine enantiomers, we assessed the sensitivity of Caco‐2 cells to paclitaxel using the MTT assay and the polarized transport of rhodamine‐123 and doxorubicin across Caco‐2 monolayers. RT‐PCR and flow cytometry were used to assay MDR1 mRNA and P‐gp protein respectively. The sensitivity of Caco‐2 cells to paclitaxel decreased significantly after cells were pretreated with 100 μM R‐cetirizine but increased upon treatment with S‐cetirizine. The efflux of rhodamine‐123 and doxorubicin was enhanced significantly after Caco‐2 monolayers were pretreated with 100 μM R‐cetirizine but was reduced by S‐cetirizine. The MDR1 mRNA and P‐gp levels in Caco‐2 cells were increased by 100 μM R‐cetirizine and decreased by 100 μM S‐cetirizine. These results suggest that R‐cetirizine up‐regulates MDR1 expression while S‐cetirizine down‐regulates MDR1 expression. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ER81 and CaMKIV identify anatomically and phenotypically defined subsets of mouse olfactory bulb interneurons
Authors: Saino‐Saito Sachiko , Cave John W. , Akiba Yosuke , Sasaki Hayato , Goto Kaoru , Kobayashi Kazuto , Berlin Roseann , Baker Harriet 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying dopamine (DA) phenotypic differentiation in the olfactory bulb (OB) have not yet been fully elucidated and are the subject of some controversy. OB DA interneurons destined for the glomerular layer were shown to originate in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and in the rostral migratory stream (RMS). The current study investigated whether calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) either alone or together with the Ets transcription factor ER81 was necessary for phenotypic determination during migration of progenitors. In most brain areas, including the OB, CaMKIV and ER81 displayed a reciprocal distribution. In the SVZ, only ER81 could be demonstrated. In the RMS, a subpopulation of progenitors contained ER81, but few, if any, contained CaMKIV. In OB, CaMKIV expression, restricted to deep granule cells, showed limited overlap with ER81. ER81 expression was weak in deep granule cells. Strong labeling occurred in the mitral and glomerular layers, where ER81 colabeled dopaminergic periglomerular cells that expressed either tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or green fluorescent protein, the latter reporter gene under control of 9‐kb of 5′ TH promoter. Odor deprivation resulted in a significant 5.2‐fold decline in TH immunoreactivity, but ER81 exhibited a relatively small 1.7‐fold decline in immunoreactivity. TH expression as well as brain and bulb size were unchanged in CaMKIV knockout mice. These data suggest that ER81 may be required but is not sufficient for DA neuron differentiation and that CaMKIV is not directly involved in TH gene regulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:485–496, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord is regulated by reelin‐dependent Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation and CrkL
Authors: Yip Yee Ping , Kronstadt‐O'Brien Priscilla , Capriotti Christine , Cooper Jonathan A. , Yip Joseph W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe actions of Reelin in neuronal positioning in the developing cortex and cerebellum are relayed by Src‐family kinase (SFK)‐mediated phosphorylation of Dab1. Biochemical studies show that after phosphorylation Dab1 binds to an adaptor protein, CrkL. Whether CrkL is important for Reelin signaling in vivo is unknown, because crkl−/− embryos die before cortical development is complete. In the developing spinal cord, Reelin and components of its signaling pathway, VLDLR, ApoER2, and Dab1, control the positioning of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN); however, it is not known whether SFKs or Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation is required. In the present study, we asked whether Reelin‐controlled SPN migration depends on tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1 by SFKs and whether CrkL is involved in SPN migration. To answer these questions, we examined the location of SPN in various mutant mouse embryos. Results showed that, in dab15F/5F embryos, which express a nonphosphorylated mutant of Dab1, and in src−/−fyn−/− double knockout embryos, the location of SPN is identical to that of reeler. These results show that tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1 by SFKs is required for Reelin‐regulated SPN positioning. In addition, we found that SPN migration in crkl−/− showed a partial reeler phenotype, suggesting a partial loss of response of SPN to Reelin signaling. These results suggest a role for CrkL in the Reelin signaling pathway to control neuronal migration. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:635–643, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic organization of lobula plate tangential cells in Drosophila: γ‐Aminobutyric acid receptors and chemical release sites
Authors: Raghu Shamprasad Varija , Joesch Maximilian , Borst Alexander , Reiff Dierk F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn flies, the large tangential cells of the lobula plate represent an important processing center for visual navigation based on optic flow. Although the visual response properties of these cells have been well studied in blowflies, information on their synaptic organization is mostly lacking. Here we study the distribution of presynaptic release and postsynaptic inhibitory sites in the same set of cells in Drosophila melanogaster. By making use of transgenic tools and immunohistochemistry, our results suggest that HS and VS cells of Drosophila express γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in their dendritic region within the lobula plate, thus being postsynaptic to inhibitory input there. At their axon terminals in the protocerebrum, both cell types express synaptobrevin, suggesting the presence of presynaptic specializations there. HS‐ and VS‐cell terminals additionally show evidence for postsynaptic GABAergic input, superimposed on this synaptic polarity. Our findings are in line with the general circuit for visual motion detection and receptive field properties as postulated from electrophysiological and optical recordings in blowflies, suggesting a similar functional organization of lobula plate tangential cells in the two species. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:598–610, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.