bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thioredoxin‐binding protein‐2 (TBP‐2): Its potential roles in the aging process
Authors: Yoshida Toru , Kondo Norihiko , Oka Shin‐Ichi , Ahsan Md Kaimul , Hara Tomijiro , Masutani Hiroshi , Nakamura Hajime , Ab Junji Yodoi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThioredoxin (TRX) binding protein‐2 (TBP‐2), a negative regulator of TRX, is involved in intracellular redox regulation and cellular growth. The expression of TBP‐2 is frequently lost in tumor cell lines and tissues, whereas the ectopic expression of TBP‐2 suppresses cellular proliferation along with cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. TBP‐2 was also reported to be a cellular senescence‐associated gene. Besides the retardation of cellular growth, the reduction of white adipose, and alteration of the energy pathway are involved in several features of the aging process. We have generated TBP‐2 genetically modified mice and found that TBP‐2 is closely linked to lipid metabolism. Indeed, TBP‐2 has been suggesting to be related to familial combined hyperlipidemia analyzed by a spontaneous mutant mouse strain. As lipid metabolism is one of the most primitive sources of energy production, we discussed the possible roles of TBP‐2 in the regulation of energy utilization connected to the aging process.
Enhanced cardiovascular function and energy level by a novel chromium (III)‐supplement
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Mahesh , Penumathsa Sureshvarma , Juhasz Bela , Zhan Lijun , Bagchi Manashi , Yasmin Taharat , Shara Michael A. , Thatte Hemant S. , Maulik Nilanjana 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe impetus for the novel Energy Formula (EF) which combines the niacin‐bound chromium (III) (0.45%) (NBC), standardized extract ofWithania somniferaextracts (10.71%), caffeine (22.76%), D‐ribose (10.71%) and selected amino acids such as phenylalanine, taurine and glutamine (55.37%) was based on the knowledge of the cardioprotective potentials of theWithania somniferaextract, caffeine and D‐ribose as well as their abilities to increase energy levels and the abilities of amino acids to increase the muscle mass and energy levels. The effect of oral supplementation of EF on the safety, myocardial energy levels and cardioprotective ability were investigated in an ischemic‐reperfused myocardium model in both male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats over 90 days trial period. At the completion of 90 days, the EF‐treated male and female rats gained 9.4% and 3.1% less body weights, respectively, as compared to their corresponding control groups. No significant difference was found in the levels of lipid peroxidation and activities of hepatic Aspartate transaminase, Alanine transaminase and Alkaline phosphatase in EF treatment when compared with control animals. The male and female rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion at 30 and 90 days of EF treatment. Cardiovascular functions including heart rate, coronary flow, aortic flow, dp/dtmax, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and infarct size were monitored. The levels of myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CP), phospho‐adenosine monophosphate kinase (p‐AMPK) levels, were analyzed at the end of 30 and 90 days of treatment. Significant improvement was observed in all parameters in the EF treatment groups as compared to their corresponding controls. Thus the niacin‐bound chromium (III) based energy formula is safe and effective supplement to boost energy levels and cardioprotection.
Croton lobatus, an African medicinal plant: Spectroscopic and chemical elucidation of its many constituents
Authors: Chabert Philippe , Attioua BarthÉLemy , Brouillard Raymond 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe chemical constituents of the African medicinal plant Croton lobatus were elucidated and characterised using 1D and 2D‐NMR analysis and the application of the technique of High Resolution Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HREIMS) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). The novel triglyceride lobaceride or 3‐((6Z,9Z)dodeca‐6,9‐dienoyloxy)‐2‐octanoyloxypropyl (6Z,9Z)dodeca‐6,9‐dienoate, along with ten compounds were isolated from the stems and leaves of Croton lobatus.
Functional studies of an HIV‐1 encoded glutathione peroxidase
Authors: Zhao Lijun , Olubajo Babatunde , Taylor Ethan Will 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn an alternate reading frame overlapping the viral envelope gene, HIV‐1 has been shown to encoded a truncated glutathione peroxidase (GPx) module. Essential active site residues of the catalytic core regions of mammalian GPx sequences are conserved in the putative viral GPx (vGPx, encoded by the env‐fs gene). Cells transfected with an HIV‐1 env‐fs construct show up to a 100% increase in GPx enzyme activity, and are protected against the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and subsequent cell death induced by exogenous oxidants or mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. An intact vGPx gene was observed to be more common in HIV‐1‐infected long‐term non‐progressors, as compared to HIV‐1 isolates from patients developing AIDS. An antioxidant/antiapoptotic protective role of the vGPx is also consistent with the observation that −1 frameshifting induced by the HIV‐1 env‐fs sequence AAAAAGA (which contains a potential “hungry” arginine codon, AGA) increases during arginine deficiency, which has been associated with increased oxidative stress. Under arginine‐limited conditions, nitric oxide synthase generates superoxide, which rapidly combines with NO to form peroxynitrite, which can cause activated T‐cells to undergo apoptosis. Thus, biosynthesis of the HIV‐1 GPx as an adaptive response to low arginine conditions might delay oxidant‐induced apoptotic cell death, providing an enhanced opportunity for viral replication.
Determination of the illicit drug gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in human saliva and beverages by 1H NMR analysis
Authors: Grootveld Martin , Algeo Deborah , Silwood Christopher J.L. , Blackburn John C. , Clark Anthony D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHigh resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the detection and quantification of the illicit ‘date‐rape’ drug gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in both human saliva and a commonly‐consumed low‐alcohol beer product. Data acquired revealed that this multicomponent analytical technique provided unequivocal evidence for the detection of this agent by this technique in both of these matrices, i.e., all three of its resonances [those ascribable to the α‐CH2 (t, δ=2.25 ppm), β‐CH2 (tt, δ=1.81 ppm) and γ‐CH2 (t, δ=3.61 ppm) group protons] were present in spectra acquired on human saliva, and two of these (the α‐ and β‐CH2 group signals) in the beverage product examined, the latter observation attributable to overlap of the γ‐CH2 1H resonance with those of carbohydrates. Since good linear calibration relationships between the intensities of each of the NMR‐visible signals and added GHB concentration (the former normalised to that of an external 3‐trimethylsilyl [2,2,3,3‐2H4]‐ propionate standard present in a coaxial NMR tube insert) were observed, this illicit drug is also readily quantifiable in such multicomponent samples. Our data demonstrate the advantages offered by this technique when applied to the analysis of illicit drugs in multicomponent sample matrices such as human biofluids and beverage products.
Effects of quercetin and β‐carotene supplementation on azoxymethane‐induced colon carcinogenesis and inflammatory responses in rats fed with high‐fat diet rich in ω‐6 fatty acids
Authors: Choi Soo‐Yeon , Park Jung Han Yoon , Kim Jong‐Sang , Kim Mi Kyung , Aruoma Okezie I. , Sung Mi‐Kyung 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChronic inflammation in gastrointestinal tract has been suggested as a risk factor for tumor formation. The effect of dietary supplementation of quercetin or ß‐carotene on colon carcinogenesis and inflammatory response in rats fed with high‐fat diet rich in ω‐6 fatty acids was assessed. Animals were exposed to two weekly subcutaneous injections of AOM (azoxymethane) at a single dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. A portion of rats from each group was sacrificed at 8 weeks after the last AOM treatment to determine ACF (aberrant crypt foci) formation. Colonic mucosa expression of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide) and COX‐2 (cyclooxygenase‐2) protein, and blood PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) level were measured. The remaining groups of animals were sacrificed at 33 weeks after the last AOM treatment to examine colon tumor formation. Rats on high‐fat diet developed more aberrant crypt foci (P<0.05) compared with those of rats on regular diet. In the same vein, but in contrast to the effect seen with regular diet, the high‐fat diet induced a significant up‐regulation of iNOS expression. There was no significant change in the extent of COX‐2 expression or in the PGE2 levels. Quercetin or β‐carotene supplementation reduced the number of ACF only in animals fed high‐fat diet (p<0.05), however, no significant difference in tumor incidence was found. At week 33, the expression of iNOS was reduced by quercetin without a statistical significance, and COX‐2 expression was slightly reduced in rats on ß‐carotene supplementation. No change in PGE2 levels was observed. Whilst dietary antioxidants are considered as effective suppressors for precancerous lesion formation in colons exposed to high‐risk diet, it is clear that elucidating the role of individual antioxidants in colon tumor formation coupled with an understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved would benefit colon cancer prevention strategies.
Reversal of the TPA‐induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) extracts: Effects on MAP kinases
Authors: Park Jung‐Ran , Park Joon‐Suk , Jo Eun‐Hye , Hwang Jae‐Woong , Kim Sun‐Jung , Ra Jeong‐Chan , Aruoma Okezie I. , Lee Yong‐Soon , Kang Kyung‐Sun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) has continued to receive attention as a folk medicine with indications for the treatment of cancers and digestive diseases. The anticarcinogenic effect of Chaga mushroom extract was investigated using a model system of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in WB‐F344 normal rat liver epithelial cells. The cells were pre‐incubated with Chaga mushroom extracts (5, 10, 20 μg/ml) for 24 h and this was followed by co‐treatment with Chaga mushroom extracts and TPA (12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate, 10 ng/ml) for 1 h. The inhibition of GJIC by TPA (12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate), promoter of cancer, was prevented with treatment of Chaga mushroom extracts. Similarly, the increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 protein kinases were markedly reduced in Chaga mushroom extracts‐treated cells. There was no change in the JNK kinase protein level, suggesting that Chaga mushroom extracts could only block the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase. The Chaga mushroom extracts further prevented the inhibition of GJIC through the blocking of Cx43 phosphorylation. Indeed cell‐to‐cell communication through gap junctional channels is a critical factor in the life and death balance of cells because GJIC has an important function in maintaining tissue homeostasis through the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and adaptive functions of differentiated cells. Thus Chaga mushroom may act as a natural anticancer product by preventing the inhibition of GJIC through the inactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase.
Activity of the dietary antioxidant ergothioneine in a virus gene‐based assay for inhibitors of HIV transcription
Authors: Xiao Lianchun , Zhao Lijun , Li Ting , Hartle Diane K. , Aruoma Okezie I. , Taylor Ethan Will 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe “Long Terminal Repeat” (LTR) of HIV‐1 is the target of cellular transcription factors such as NF‐κB, and serves as the promoter‐enhancer for the viral genome when integrated in host DNA. Various LTR‐reporter gene constructs have been used for in vitro studies of activators or inhibitors of HIV‐1 transcription, e.g., to show that antioxidants such as lipoic acid and selenium inhibit NF‐κB‐dependent HIV‐1 LTR activation. One such construct is the pHIVlacZ plasmid, with the HIV‐1 LTR driving expression of the lacZ gene (encoding β‐galactosidase, β‐gal). Typically, for inhibitor screening, cells transfected with pHIVlacZ are activated using tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and the colorimetric o‐nitrophenol assay is used to assess changes in β‐gal activity. A variant of this assay was developed as described here, in which LTR activation was induced by pro‐fs, a novel HIV‐1 gene product encoded via a −1 frameshift from the protease gene. Cotransfection of cells with pHIVlacZ along with a pro‐fs construct produced a signifcant increase in β‐gal activity over controls. L‐ergothioneine dose dependently inhibited both TNF‐α‐mediated and pro‐fs‐mediated increases in β‐gal activity, with an IC50 of about 6 mM. Thus antioxidant strategy involving ergothioneine derived from food plants might be of benefit in chronic immunodeficiency diseases.
The effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during yeast replicative ageing
Authors: Wilhelm Jiří , Fuksová Hana , Schwippelová Zuzana , Vytášek Richard , Pichová Alena 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFree radicals are considered the most important cause of cellular ageing. We have investigated ageing process in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have compared the wild type strain with the mutant cells with constitutively active Ras oncogen, which generates increased amounts of free radicals. Increased generation of oxygen‐derived free radicals resulted in the Ras mutant cells accumulation of lipofuscin‐like pigments during ageing. Ageing wild type cells did not accumulate lipofuscin‐like pigments. This is quite unique feature among known biological models. It may be caused by increased concentration of alpha tocopherol (the most prominent lipophilic antioxidant) in the wild type cells. In contrast, the Ras mutant cells contained decreased levels of alpha tocopherol even in the young cells. This observation indicates that the increased free radical generation can overwhelm the endogenous antioxidant system. We have documented the involvement of nitrogen‐derived free radicals in the yeast metabolism. Protein nitrotyrosine, a marker of the reactive nitrogen species, has significantly increased in the senescent Ras mutant cells. The wild type cells contained basic level of nitrotyrosine corresponding to its concentration found in non‐activated mammalian macrophages.
Bio‐markers of lipid peroxidation in vivo: Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and hydroxycholesterol
Authors: Yoshida Yasukazu , Niki Etsuo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe biological role of lipid peroxidation products has continued to receive a great deal of attention not only for the elucidation of pathological mechanisms but also for their practical application to clinical use as bio‐markers. In the last fifty years, lipid peroxidation has been the subject of extensive studies from the viewpoints of mechanisms, dynamics, product analysis, involvement in diseases, inhibition, and biological signaling. Lipid hydroperoxides are formed as the major primary products, however they are substrates for various enzymes and they also undergo various secondary reactions. In this decade, F2‐isoprostanes from arachidonates and neuroprostanes from docosahexanoates have been proposed as bio‐markers. Although these markers are formed by a free radical‐mediated oxidation, the yields from the parent lipids are minimal. Compared to these markers, hydroperoxy octadecadienoates (HPODE) from linoleates and oxysterols from cholesterols are yielded by much simpler mechanisms from more abundant parent lipids in vivo. Recently, the method in which both free and ester forms of hydroperoxides and ketones as well as hydroxides of linoleic acid and cholesterol are measured as total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (tHODE) and 7‐hydroxycholesterol (t7‐OHCh), respectively, was proposed. The concentrations of tHODE and t7‐OHCh determined by GC‐MS analysis from physiological samples were much higher than that of 8‐iso‐prostagrandin F_{2α}. In addition to this advantage, hydrogen‐donor activity of antioxidants in vivo could be determined by the isomeric‐ratio of HODE (9‐ and 13‐(Z,E)‐HODE/9‐ and 13‐(E,E)‐HODE).
Mechanisms of adenosine‐induced cytotoxicity and their clinical and physiological implications
Authors: Seetulsingh‐Goorah Sharmila P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExtracellular ATP (ATPo) and adenosine are cytotoxic to several cancer cell lines, suggesting their potential use for anticancer therapy. Adenosine causes cytotoxicity, either when added exogenously or when generated from ATPo hydrolysis, via mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive and which involve, adenosine receptor activation, pyrimidine starvation and/or increases in intracellular S‐adenosylhomocysteine: S‐adenosylmethionine ratio. Given that adenosine also appears to protect against cytotoxicity via mechanisms including immunity against damage by oxygen free radicals, an understanding of the contribution of adenosine to ATPo‐induced cytotoxicity is thus crucial, when considering any potential therapeutic use for these compounds. However, such an understanding has been largely hindered by the fact that many studies have not focused enough on the possibility that both ATPo and adenosine may mediate cytotoxicity in the same system. Such studies can benefit from use a range of ATPo concentrations when assessing the contribution of adenosine to ATPo‐induced cytotoxicity. Whilst future molecular and pharmacological studies are needed to establish the nature of the cytotoxic adenosine receptor, it is possible that more than just one adenosine receptor type is involved and that the cytotoxic receptor(s) type is more likely to have a low affinity for adenosine. Activation of the adenosine receptor(s) would thus lead to cytotoxicity only at relatively high adenosine concentrations, while lower adenosine concentrations mediate non‐cytotoxic physiological effects.
Bioavailability, antioxidant and immune‐enhancing properties of zinc methionine
Authors: Chien Xiaoming Xu , Zafra‐Stone Shirley , Bagchi Manashi , Bagchi Debasis 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough a large number of transition metals and cations remarkably induce oxidative deterioration of biological macromolecules including lipids, proteins and DNA, the trace element zinc acts as a novel dietary supplement and an essential micronutrient, and serves a wide range of biological functions in human and animal health. Zinc promotes antioxidant and immune functions, stabilizes and maintains the structural integrity of biological membranes, and plays a pivotal role in skin and connective tissue metabolism and repair. Zinc is an integral constituent of a large number of enzymes including antioxidant enzymes, and hormones including glucagon, insulin, growth hormone, and sex hormones. High concentrations of zinc are found in the prostate gland and choroids of the eye. Zinc deficiency leads to biochemical abnormalities including the impairments of growth, dermal, gastrointestinal, neurologic and immunologic systems. Given its superior bioavailability, antioxidant and immune‐enhancing properties, zinc methionine may serve as a novel dietary supplement to promote health benefits in humans and animals.
Role of oxygen‐derived free radicals in Helicobacter pylori water extract‐induced mouse skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Ishikawa Takeshi , Yoshida Norimasa , Tokuda Harukuni , Kokura Satoshi , Nakabe Nami , Kuchide Masashi , Ichiishi Eiichiro , Imaeda Atsumune , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Naito Yuji , Okanoue Takeshi , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, the main cause of chronic gastritis, increases gastric cancer risk. The infection causes inflammatory cells to produce reactive oxygen metabolites that may damage DNA and promote carcinogenesis. However, its precise role in gastric carcinogenesis is as yet unknown. Recently we reported that H. pylori water extract (HPE) has an initiating activity on two‐stage mouse skin carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of anti‐oxidants, ascorbic acid and a combination of superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD)and catalase, on two‐stage mouse skin carcinogenesis. Ascorbic acid and CuZnSOD/catalase were given to mice during the period of HPE‐initiation. Both the ascorbic acid and CuZnSOD/catalase treatment attenuated the incidence of tumor formation. The present results suggest that HPE induces tumor formation via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Influence of vitamin E on gastric mucosal injury induced by Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Sugimoto Naohito , Yoshida Norimasa , Nakamura Yasunari , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Naito Yuji , Okanoue Takeshi , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigated the effect of vitamin E on gastric mucosal injury induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Male Mongolian gerbils were divided into 4 groups (normal group without H. pylori infection, vitamin E‐deficient, ‐sufficient and ‐supplemented groups with H. pylori infection). Following oral inoculation with H. pylori (ATCC43504 2 × 108 CFU), animals were fed diets α‐tocopherol 2 mg/100 g diet in the normal and vitamin E‐sufficient groups and α‐tocopherol 0.1 mg/100 g and 50 mg/100 g in the vitamin E‐deficient and ‐supplemented groups, respectively, for 24 weeks. Chronic gastritis was detected in all gerbils inoculated H. pylori. Gastric ulcer was detected in 2 of 7 gerbils only in the vitamin E‐deficient group. In the vitamin E‐deficient group, myeloperoxidase activity and mouse keratinocyte derived chemokine (KC) in gastric mucosa was significantly higher than in the vitamin E supplemented group. Subsequently, in an in vitro study expression of CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils was enhanced by H. pylori water extract. This effect was suppressed in a dose dependent manner by the addition of α‐tocopherol. These results suggest that vitamin E has a protective effect on gastric mucosal injury induced by H. pylori infection in gerbils, through the inhibition of accumulation of activated neutrophils.
Manganese depresses rat heart muscle respiration
Authors: Miller Kevin B. , Caton Joel S. , Finley John W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt has previously been reported that moderately high dietary manganese (Mn) in combination with marginal magnesium (Mg) resulted in ultrastructural damage to heart mitochondria. Manganese may replace Mg in biological functions, including the role of enzyme cofactor. Manganese may accumulate and substitute for Mg during the condition of Mg‐deficiency. The objective of the current study was to determine whether high Mn alters heart muscle respiration and Mg‐enzyme activity as well as whole body Mn retention under marginal Mg. An additional objective was to determine whether high Mn results in increased oxidative stress. In experiment 1: forty‐eight rats were fed a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of Mn (10, 100, or 1000 mg/kg) and Mg (200 or 500 mg/kg). In experiment 2: thirty‐two rats were fed one of four diets in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of Mn (10 or 250 mg/kg) and Mg (200 or 500 mg/kg). In experiment 3: thirty‐two rats were fed one of four diets in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of Mn (10 or 650 mg/kg) and Mg (200 or 500 mg/kg). In experiment 2, high Mn and marginal Mg reduced (P<0.05) oxygen consumption of left ventricle muscle. Marginal Mg, but not Mn, reduced (P<0.05) activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium‐ATPase enzyme. Dietary Mg had no affect on54Mn kinetics, but high dietary Mn decreased (P<0.01) absorption, retention, and rate of excretion of54Mn. Neither cellular stress, measured by Comet assay, nor antioxidant activities were increased by high Mn. A strong interaction (P<0.001) between increasing Mn and adequate Mg on hematology was observed. These results confirm previous research in swine that high Mn alters myocardial integrity as well as function, but not as a result of altered calcium transport or oxidative stress.