bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality‐targeted interventions delay the growth of adolescent drinking and binge drinking
Authors: Conrod Patricia J. , Castellanos Natalie , Mackie Clare 
Published: October 2007

Background:  Personality factors are implicated in the vulnerability to adolescent alcohol misuse. This study examined whether providing personality‐targeted interventions in early adolescence can delay drinking and binge drinking in high‐risk youth.Methods:  A randomised control trial was carried out with 368 adolescents recruited from years 9 and 10 (median age 14) with personality risk factors for substance misuse. Participants received either a personality‐targeted intervention or no intervention. Outcome data were collected on alcohol use through self‐reports at 6 and 12‐month post intervention and analyses were conducted on the full intent to treat sample.Results:  Multi‐group analysis of a latent growth curve model showed a group difference in the growth of alcohol use between baseline and 6‐months follow‐up, with the control group showing a greater increase in drinking than the intervention group for this period. Interventions were particularly effective in preventing the growth of binge drinking in those students with a sensation seeking (SS) personality. SS drinkers in the intervention group were 45% and 50% less likely to binge drink at 6 (OR = .45) and 12 months (OR = .50) respectively, than SS drinkers in the control group, p = .001, phi = .49, Number Needed to Treat = 2.0.Conclusions:  Considering the robust, inverse relationship between age of onset of alcohol use and later alcohol dependence, this intervention strategy may prove effective in preventing the onset of adult alcohol use disorders, by helping high‐risk youth delay the growth of their drinking to a later developmental stage.
Emotion regulation in preschoolers: the roles of behavioral inhibition, maternal affective behavior, and maternal depression
Authors: Feng Xin , Shaw Daniel S. , Kovacs Maria , Lane Tonya , O'Rourke Flannery E. , Alarcon Joseph H. 
Published: October 2007

Background:  This study examined preschoolers’ emotion regulation (ER) strategies and the association with temperament, maternal interactive style, and maternal history of childhood‐onset depression (COD).Methods:  Participants were 62 children and their mothers, 37 of whom had mothers with COD. Children's ER was assessed using a disappointment paradigm; temperament assessment also was laboratory‐based.Results:  Maternal COD was inversely related to offspring's active ER and positive mood. Among children of COD mothers, behavioral inhibition was associated with passive regulation and sadness, and maternal positivity toward these children was associated with child active ER and positive mood.Conclusion:  Behavioral inhibition may place children of COD mothers at risk for developing maladaptive ways of regulating negative emotion, whereas mothers’ positivity may serve as a protective factor for them.
Functional interactions between the SK2 channel and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in enteric neurons of the guinea pig ileum
Authors: Nakajima Hidemitsu , Goto Hiroto , Azuma Yasu‐Taka , Fujita Akikazu , Takeuchi Tadayoshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) plays a critical role in gastrointestinal function. The role of the small conductance Ca2+‐activated K+(SK) channel in ACh release was examined using myenteric plexus preparations of guinea pig ileum. Apamin, an inhibitor of the SK channel, significantly enhanced nicotine‐induced ACh release, but neither electrical field stimulation‐ nor 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐induced ACh release, suggesting that SK channels might be selectively involved in the regulation of nicotine‐induced ACh release. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of SK2 and SK3 subunits and the interaction between SK2 channels and nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) in the guinea pig ileum. The immunoreactivity of SK2 subunits was located in enteric neuronal cells. Furthermore, SK2‐immunoreactive cells stained with an antibody for choline acetyltransferase, a marker for cholinergic neurons, and with an antibody for the α3/5 subunits of nAChR. In contrast, immunoreactivity of SK3 subunits was not found in enteric neurons. A co‐immunoprecipitation assay with Triton X‐100‐soluble membrane fractions prepared from the ileum revealed an association of the SK2 subunit with the α3/5 subunits of nAChR. These results suggest that SK2 channels negatively regulate the excitation of enteric neurons via functional interactions with nAChRs.
Specificity in the crosstalk of TGFβ/GDNF family members is determined by distinct GFR alpha receptors
Authors: Peterziel Heike , Paech Tina , Strelau Jens , Unsicker Klaus , Krieglstein Kerstin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGlial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NRTN) are neurotrophic factors for parasympathetic neurons including ciliary ganglion (CG) neurons. Recently, we have shown that survival and signaling mediated by GDNF in CG neurons essentially requires transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). We have provided evidence that TGFβ regulates the availability of the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored GDNF receptor alpha 1 (GFRα1) by promoting the recruitment of the receptor to the plasma membrane. We report now that in addition to GDNF, NRTN, but not persephin (PSPN) or artemin (ARTN), is able to promote survival of CG neurons. Interestingly, in contrast to GDNF, NRTN is not dependent on cooperation with TGFβ, but efficiently promotes neuronal survival and intracellular signaling in the absence of TGFβ. Additional treatment with TGFβ does not further increase the NRTN response. Both NRTN and GDNF exclusively bind to and activate their cognate receptors, GFRα2 and GFRα1, respectively, as shown by the use of receptor‐specific neutralizing antibodies. Immunocytochemical staining for the two receptors on the surface of CG neurons reveals that, in contrast to the effect on GFRα1, TGFβ is not required for recruitment of GFRα2 to the plasma membrane. Moreover, binding of radioactively labeled GDNF but not NRTN is increased upon treatment of CG neurons with TGFβ. Disruption of TGFβ signaling does interfere with GDNF‐, but not NRTN‐mediated signaling and survival. We propose a model taking into account data from GFRα1 crystallization and ontogenetic development of the CG that may explain the differences in TGFβ‐dependence of GDNF and NRTN.
Congo red and thioflavin‐T analogs detect Aβ oligomers
Authors: Maezawa Izumi , Hong Hyun‐Seok , Liu Ruiwu , Wu Chun‐Yi , Cheng R. Holland , Kung Mei‐Ping , Kung Hank F. , Lam Kit S. , Oddo Salvatore , LaFerla Frank M. , Jin Lee‐Way 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSeveral small molecule ligands for amyloid‐β (Aβ) fibrils deposited in brain have been developed to facilitate radiological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, the build‐up of Aβ oligomers (AβO) in brain has been recognized as an additional hallmark of AD and may play a more significant role in early stages. Evidence suggests that quantitative assessment of AβO would provide a more accurate index of therapeutic effect of drug trials. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop methods for efficient identification as well as structural analysis of AβO. We found that some well established amyloid ligands, analogs of Congo red and thioflavin‐T (ThT), bind AβO with high affinity and detect AβO in vitro and in vivo. Binding studies revealed the presence of binding sites for Congo red‐ and thioflavin‐T‐analogs on AβO. Furthermore, these ligands can be used for imaging intracellular AβO in living cells and animals and as positive contrast agent for ultrastructural imaging of AβO, two applications useful for structural analysis of AβO in cells. We propose that by improving the binding affinity of current ligands, in vivo imaging of AβO is feasible by a ‘signal subtraction’ procedure. This approach may facilitate the identification of individuals with early AD.
Variscan relicts in Alpine high‐P pelitic rocks from Samos (Greece): evidence from multi‐stage garnet and its included minerals
Authors: FEENSTRA A. , PETRAKAKIS K. , RHEDE D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPorphyroblastic garnet schists from northern Samos contain in their matrix the assemblage Ca‐rich garnet + phengite + paragonite ± chloritoid equilibrated at ∼530 °C and ∼19 kbar during early Tertiary metamorphism. These high‐pressure/low‐temperature (HP‐LT) metapelitic rocks also exhibit mineralogical and microstructural evidence of an older, higher temperature metamorphism. Large, centimetre‐sized Fe‐rich garnet showing growth zoning developed discontinuous, <0.5 mm thick, Ca‐rich and Mn‐poor overgrowths, compositionally matching small (<1 mm) high‐P matrix garnet. Because the discontinuous garnet rims are in textural and chemical equilibrium with Alpine high‐P minerals, the central parts of the garnet porphyroblasts were found to have formed prior to the Tertiary metamorphism. This is supported by electron microprobe U‐Th‐Pb dating of monazite inclusions yielding partly reset Variscan ages between 360 and 160 Ma. Monazite‐xenotime and garnet‐muscovite thermometry applied to inclusions in the pre‐Alpine garnet yielded temperatures of 600–625 °C (at 3–8 kbar). Prismatic Al‐rich pseudomorphs, possibly after kyanite/sillimanite, and inclusions in garnet composed of white K‐Na mica + quartz ± albite ± K feldspar, interpreted as possible replacements of an intermediate K‐Na feldspar, further support Variscan amphibolite facies conditions. The Samos metapelites thus experienced higher temperatures during the Variscan than during Alpine metamorphism. Diffusional relaxation was very limited between pre‐Alpine garnet and Alpine garnet; both were filled with Alpine garnet along overgrowths and fractures. Fluid‐mediated intergranular element transport, enhanced by deformation, appears crucial in transforming the Variscan garnet into a grossular richer composition during Alpine subduction‐zone metamorphism. At such conditions, dissolution–reprecipitation appears to be a much more effective mechanism for modifying garnet compositions than diffusion. Amphibolite facies conditions are typical for Variscan basement relics exposed in central Cycladic and Dodecanese islands as well as in eastern Crete. The Samos metapelites studied comprise a north‐eastern extension of these basement occurrences.
Accuracy of Physical Examination in the Detection of Arteriovenous Graft Stenosis
Authors: Leon Carlos , Orozco‐Vargas Luis Carlos , Krishnamurthy Gururaj , Choi Kenneth L. , Mercado Carlos , Merrill Donna , Thomas Ian , Salman Loay , Artikov Shukhrat , Bourgoignie Jacques J. , Asif Arif 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPhysical examination has recently been demonstrated to detect vascular access stenosis in patients with arteriovenous fistulae. However, its accuracy in the identification of stenoses when compared with the gold standard (angiography) in patients with arteriovenous grafts has not been studied in a systematic fashion. We conducted a prospective study to examine the accuracy of physical examination in the detection of stenotic lesions when compared with angiography. Forty‐three consecutive cases referred for an arteriovenous graft dysfunction were included in this analysis. Preprocedure physical examination was performed. The findings of the examination and diagnosis were recorded and secured in a sealed envelope. Angiography from the feeding artery to the right atrium was performed. The images were reviewed by an independent interventionalist with expertise in endovascular dialysis access procedures and the diagnosis was rendered. The reviewer was blinded to the physical examination. Cohen’s Kappa was used as a measurement of the level of agreement beyond chance between the diagnosis made by physical examination and angiography. There was a strong agreement between the physical examination and the angiography in the diagnosis of vein‐graft anastomotic stenosis (kappa = 0.52). The sensitivity and specificity for this lesion was 57% and 89%, respectively. There was a moderate agreement beyond chance regarding the diagnosis of intragraft (kappa = 0.43) and inflow stenoses (kappa = 0.40). The sensitivity and specificity for the intragraft and inflow stenosis was 100%, 73% and 33%, 73%; respectively. The findings of this study demonstrate that physical examination can assist in the detection and localization of stenoses in arteriovenous grafts.
Review: Cognitive Function in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Madero Magdalena , Gul Ambreen , Sarnak Mark J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health problem. The incidence of kidney failure is rising in all age groups but particularly in older adults. Individuals in all stages of CKD are at higher risk for development of cognitive impairment and this may be a major determinant in their quality of life. Furthermore, cognitive impairment is associated with an increased risk of death in dialysis patients. Cerebrovascular disease is a strong risk factor for development of cognitive impairment and vascular disease is a more likely cause of cognitive impairment than Alzheimer’s disease in patients with CKD. Both traditional and nontraditional vascular risk factors are more common in CKD and dialysis patients may also be at risk for cognitive impairment via nonvascular risk factors and the hemodialysis procedure itself. Unfortunately, because risk factors for cognitive impairment in CKD have not been thoroughly ascertained, evaluation of potential treatments has been limited. Given the high prevalence of cognitive impairment in all stages of CKD, additional studies are needed to evaluate potential risk factors and treatments in this vulnerable population.
Clinical Experience of StarClose Vascular Closure Device in Patients with First and Recurrent Femoral Punctures
Authors: TAY EDGAR LIK‐WUI , CO MELISSA , TAI BEE‐CHOO , LEE YIAN PING , LOW ADRIAN , LIM YEAN‐TENG , TAN HUAY‐CHEEM , LEE CHI‐HANG 
Published: October 2007

Objective:

We present our clinical experience of StarClose in patients undergoing coronary interventions, including its use in patients after repeated puncture of the same femoral access site.
Background:

The StarClose is a novel vascular closure device that deploys a small, flexible, circumferential nitinol clip onto the femoral artery surface.
Methods:

In this study, 103 consecutive patients (24% with repeated punctures) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and received a StarClose were followed up prospectively. The patients were assessed for vascular complications prior to hospital discharge. Device success, based on time‐to‐hemostasis, was divided into (1) immediate success: hemostasis achieved immediately after StarClose deployment without the need for adjunctive manual compression, (2) partial success: occurrence of minor oozing after StarClose deployment and hemostasis achieved after <3 minutes of manual compression, and (3) device failure: need for adjunctive manual compression for >3 minutes.
Results:

Immediate success, partial success, and device failure rates were 74% (n = 68), 16% (n = 15), and 10% (n = 9), respectively. There were no major complications attributable to the StarClose device. There were 10 (9.7%) cases of minor complications; all were recurrent wound bleeding requiring manual compression in the wards. Among these 10 cases of recurrent bleeding, 5 (50%) had initial device success (immediate success, n = 2, partial success, n = 3) in the catheterization laboratory. The risk for recurrent bleeding was 2.9% after immediate device success and 20.0% after partial device success.
Conclusion:

Our study found no major complications but a 10% failure rate and a 9.7% rate of minor complications. Close surveillance is important as there is a risk for recurrent bleeding, especially in patients with partial device success as defined in this report.
The Retrograde Coronary Approach for Chronic Total Occlusions: Mid‐Term Results and Technical Tips & Tricks
Authors: SHEIBAN IMAD , MORETTI CLAUDIO , OMEDÉ PIERLUIGI , SCIUTO FILIPPO , BOLLATI MARIO , LAUDITO ANTONIO , TREVI GIAN PAOLO , BIONDI‐ZOCCAI GIUSEPPE G.L. 
Published: October 2007

Background: Coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) remain a challenging lesion subset for interventional cardiologists. The retrograde approach is a novel but still incompletely described technique. We report our 5‐year‐long experience in retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CTOs.
Methods: We abstracted patient and procedural data on all cases with attempted retrograde approach by means of a native septal or epicardial collateral pathway. End‐points were wiring, angiographic and procedural success, plus long‐term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
Results: The retrograde approach was used in 18 patients, including 11 CTOs of right coronary artery (RCA), 3 of left circumflex (LCX), and 4 of left anterior descending (LAD), with procedural success in 12 (67%). Conversely, two cases of wiring failures, three angiographic failures despite successful retrograde wiring, and one postprocedural myocardial infarction in an otherwise angiographically successful procedure were found. Causes of wiring failure were inability to retrogradely cross the distal (1) or the proximal stump (1) with the wire, while angiographic failures were due to interruption of the procedure due to rupture of a minor septal collateral branch during attempts at advancing the noninflated balloon (1) or persistent inability to deliver the balloon through the chosen collateral (2). Follow‐up at a mean of 15 months showed MACE had occurred in five (28%) subjects.
Conclusions: The retrograde approach appears feasible and safe in the percutaneous management of coronary occlusions, and its application can be envisioned as a promising alternative in selected patients in whom antegrade approaches fail or are unsafe.
Prevalence of gestational exposure to cannabis in a Mediterranean city by meconium analysis
Authors: Lozano Jaime , García‐Algar Oscar , Marchei Emilia , Vall Oriol , Monleon Toni , Giovannandrea Rita Di , Pichini Simona 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim: To investigate the prevalence of in utero exposure to cannabis in a cohort of 974 mother‐infants dyads from Barcelona (Spain).Methods: A validated gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometric assay was used for meconium analysis.Results: Prenatal exposure to cannabis was detected in 5.3% newborns; however, only 1.7% of the participating mothers disclosed gestational drug use. Ethnicity was not associated with cannabis use, nor were the maternal features or newborns somatometry. A significantly higher percentage of cannabis using mothers had a managerial professional job versus nonusers.Conclusions: Meconium analysis is especially important to identify neonates who have been exposed to cannabis in utero, which appear normal at birth and therefore may not be recognized. Timely detection of these newborns at risk provides the basis for appropriate treatment and adequate medical and social follow‐up.
Growth and neurodevelopment outcome of very low birth weight infants delivered by preeclamptic mothers
Authors: Silveira Rita C , Procianoy Renato S , Koch Maike S , Benjamin Ana Cláudia W , Schlindwein Carolina F 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim: To investigate growth and neurodevelopment outcome of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants delivered by preeclamptic mothers.Methods: A cohort including all VLBW infants delivered between December 2003 and May 2005 was followed up to 12 and 18 months corrected age (CA). Exclusion criteria: death before 1 year corrected age, major malformations, deafness and blindness. Weight, length and head circumference were plotted on NCHS curves. Bayley Scales were performed at 12 and 18 months CA.Results: 40 infants in preeclamptic and 46 in control groups were studied. Birth weight and gestational age were 1148 g ± 236 and 1195 g ± 240, and 31.3 weeks ± 1 and 30.6 weeks ± 2 for preeclamptic and control groups, respectively. At 12 and 18 months, CA, weight for age (Z score) was significantly higher in control than in preeclamptic. PDI scores were higher in preeclamptic than in controls at 18 months CA.Conclusions: Catch‐up of body weight did not occur in the first 18 months CA in preeclamptic infants. Neurodevelopment outcome was better in infants delivered by preeclamptic mothers than in controls at 18 months CA.
Original Articles: Epidemiology and Neurobiology of Female Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Clayton Anita H. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although several conceptual frameworks for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) have been advanced, there still is considerable disagreement over what constitutes a normal vs. abnormal response. Sexual dysfunction is a disturbance in sexual functioning involving one or multiple phases of the sexual response cycle or pain associated with sexual activity, while a sexual disorder includes both dysfunction and marked distress.

Aim
Review the literature regarding the epidemiology and neurobiology of FSD.

Methods
Review of the literature.

Results
While a wide range of epidemiologic studies has been published, it is still difficult to determine the scope of FSD and sexual disorders in the general population. It is becoming clear that good sexual health is associated with good physical and mental health as well as compatible relationships with one's sexual partner. Central nervous system (CNS) control of the sexual response is a relatively new area of scientific exploration.

Conclusions
We are improving our understanding of the contributions of the CNS neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter systems that modulate sexual behavior.
Clinical Application of CNS-Acting Agents in FSD
Authors: Perelman Michael A. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTIntroductionHuman sexual response involves a complex sequencing of interrelated mind/body processes. Few treatment options exist that address the complex multilayered etiological determinants of female sexual dysfunction (FSD).AimReview and evaluate the clinical application of centrally acting agents for the treatment of FSD, with particular emphasis on recently released data on bremelanotide.MethodsReview of literature on the treatment of FSD.ResultsApproaches to FSD treatment have ranged from psychological counseling through a variety of medical interventions along the physiological pathways of sexual function and dysfunction. Despite a great deal of research, especially into hormonal and vasoactive substances, few therapeutics have broad consistent applicability and have withstood scientific scrutiny. Recent clinical trials have investigated the potential role of agents which act on the central nervous system for the treatment of FSD.ConclusionsWhile the recent data supporting the therapeutic use of centrally acting agents as a monotherapy for FSD are cautiously encouraging, there would seem to be tremendous promise for these centrally acting compounds to be integrated with treatment approaches that utilize other pathways in a multilayered, individualized approach to care.
Difficulties Experienced by Families With Disabled Children
Authors: Sen Esine , Yurtsever Sabire 
Published: October 2007

PURPOSE. This study was designed to determine the difficulties experienced by families with disabled children.DESIGN AND METHOD. This descriptive research study was carried out in one public and two private rehabilitation centers. A questionnaire was used for data collection.RESULTS. Families did not have enough knowledge about their child's condition. Mothers felt severe sadness, and they indicated that after having a disabled child, their social life, working life, and family relationships were all affected. Families also have financial problems.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Parents with a disabled child need support from professionals. Nurses have a vital role in providing support for these families.