bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divergent antibody recognition profiles are generated by protective mRNA vaccines against Marburg and Ravn viruses.
Authors: Bukreyev Alexander , Meyer Michelle , Gunn Bronwyn , Pietzsch Colette , Subramani Chandru , Saphire Erica , Crowe James , Alter Galit , Himansu Sunny , Carfi Andrea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The first-ever recent Marburg virus (MARV) outbreak in Ghana, West Africa and Equatorial Guinea has refocused efforts towards the development of therapeutics since no vaccine or treatment has been approved. mRNA vaccines were proven successful in a pandemic-response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, making it an appealing vaccine platform to target highly pathogenic emerging viruses. Here, 1-methyl-pseudouridine-modified mRNA vaccines formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) were developed against MARV and the closely-related Ravn virus (RAVV), which were based on sequences of the glycoproteins (GP) of the two viruses. Vaccination of guinea pigs with both vaccines elicited robust binding and neutralizing antibodies and conferred complete protection against virus replication, disease and death. The study characterized antibody responses to identify disparities in the binding and functional profiles between the two viruses and regions in GP that are broadly reactive. For the first time, the glycan cap is highlighted as an immunoreactive site for marburgviruses, inducing both binding and neutralizing antibody responses that are dependent on the virus. Profiling the antibody responses against the two viruses provided an insight into how antigenic differences may affect the response towards conserved GP regions which would otherwise be predicted to be cross-reactive and has implications for the future design of broadly protective vaccines. The results support the use of mRNA-LNPs against pathogens of high consequence.
Effects of slag-based cementitious material on the mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution of copper-base cemented tailings backfill
Authors: Zhang Haina , Jiang Xinyue , Li Huan , Chen Shunman , Hu Wenhui , Kang Wenhan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

A novel cementitious material (abbreviated as a cementitious powder (CP)) was developed by to achieve low-cost backfill mining. A comparative analysis of the strength test for cemented tailings backfill (CTB) was carried out to demonstrate the superiority of the CP over ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Furthermore, the deformation behavior and failure mode associated with the strength growth mechanism of the CTB assembled with CP were examined using uniaxial compression tests and micro-scanning observation. The findings indicate that CP has significant potential in replacing OPC; A higher mass concentration and longer curing age, as well as a lower tailing-to-cement ratio, have a favorable impact on the strength enhancement of the CTB; And the formation of C-S-H gel and ettringite cement the tailings particles and promote the densification of the cavity structure, thereby resulting in the high strength of CTB at the macro level. This work provides valuable insights into green mining.
Temporal Patterns of EEG Connectivity Unveil Parkinson's Disease Progression: Insights from Machine Learning Analysis
Authors: Alves Caroline L. , Sallum Loriz Francisco , Rodrigues Francisco Aparecido , Toutain Thaise G. L. de O. , Aguiar Patricia Maria de Carvalho , Moeckel Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives: Parkinson’s disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder whose progression remains complex despiteextensive research. Our study presents an innovative approach to understanding PD progression through detailed analysis ofelectroencephalography signals. By segmenting patients based on disease duration, we uncover unique neural connectivitypatterns corresponding to different duration of PD development.
Methods: Employing advanced machine learning techniques,our methodology achieves exceptional accuracy rates in binary classification tasks compared to prior literature. Integrationof Shapley Additive Explanations values enhances model interpretability, revealing critical brain regions and connectivitypatterns implicated in PD pathophysiology.
Results: Coherence emerges as a crucial metric for capturing synchronizedsignal behaviors, aiding in discriminating PD patients from controls. Further, our analysis suggests a continuum of neuralconnectivity patterns across disease duration, with early-stage PD resembling healthy brain function and advanced durationexhibiting distinct features indicative of disease progression.
Conclusions: These findings deepen our understanding of PDpathogenesis, laying the groundwork for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches tailored to different diseaseduration. Our study contributes significant insights into the complex interplay between neural dynamics, disease progression,and age-related changes in PD, offering potential for future research and clinical applications
A new day 4 embryo evaluation criteria to predict the formation of blastocyst
Authors: Dai Fangfang , Yasong Geng , Tao Linlin , Li Guozhen , Dai Haoyang , Wang Shusong , zheng Bo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Currently, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) typically involve transferring embryos on the third (D3) or fifth day (D5). However, a fresh cycle fourth day (D4) morula transfer offers a flexible and effective alternative. The compaction on the fourth day serves as a simple and reliable indicator to predict embryo implantation potential. The use of D4 transfer is gradually gaining popularity. Nevertheless, there is still a need for a comprehensive evaluation system for fourth day embryos.Thus, this study proposes to explore a day 4 embryo evaluation system based on the potential for the embryo to develop into a transferableblastocyst.
Methods We observed the outcome of blastocyst culture for 1235 embryos from 199 patients. We considered the developmental stage, fragmentation, whether it was in a stage-specific cleavage pattern, and normal fertilization on the fourth day. The fourth day embryo evaluation system was proposed by comparing them with the effect on blastocyst formation rate. The rates of blastocyst formation with different embryo grades were compared. The receiver operative characteristics(ROC) curve was used to compare the predictive abilities of four criteria for day 4 evaluation to develop into transferableblastocysts and high-quality blastocysts.
Results The developmental stage, fragmentation, normal fertilization and stage-specific cleavage pattern had the greatest impact on the formation of transferable blastocysts. There were significant differences in the formation rates of transferableblastocysts and high-quality blastocysts among different embryo grades. The areas under ROC curves of the day 4 embryo evaluation criteria constructed in this study was the highest in predicting formation of transferable or high-quality blastocyst, relative to the other three evaluation criteria. This study observed the presence of pseudo-compacted embryos similar to cleavage-stage embryos on the rate of blastocyst formation.
Conclusion The Day 4 embryo evaluation criteria constructed in this study can effectively predict the ability to develop into a blastocyst.
Enamel surface roughness following debonding resin clean up using high speed air-turbine and electric handpieces. In vitro study.
Authors: Yousry Tarek N. , Abolgheit salma , Kasssem Hassan E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: High speed electric handpieces have been recently gaining popularity in the dental industry. Advantages include smoother surface preparation and increased cutting efficiency.
Aim: The primary objective was to compare the enamel surface roughness following post-debonding resin cleanup and polishing using highspeed air turbine and electric handpieces. The secondary objective was to record the time needed for resin-clean up.
Method: Forty de-identified freshly extracted human premolars were cleaned and sectioned. The crowns were imbedded in acrylic blocks. Roughness parameters of the enamel surface roughness were measured using a stylus profilometer recording (Ra, Rq, Rp and Rt). Brackets were bonded using a light cure orthodontic adhesive. Following bracket debonding, the specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups. Resin clean-up was carried out using a 12-fluted carbide bur mounted on a high-speed air turbine in the first group and an electric handpiece in the second group. Following resin cleanup, the enamel surfaces were polished using pumice and a rubber cup. Surface roughness parameters were recorded following resin clean up and after polishing. Time needed for resin clean-up was recorded. Comparison of surface roughness parameters and time will be compared between groups will be carried out using repeated measures ANOVA and independent samples t-test, respectively at P ≤ 0.05.
Results:
The electric handpiece groups showed significantly higher values for Ra, Rz and Rp both following resin cleanup and polishing. Time taken for resin cleanup was significantly longer for the electric handpiece group.
Conclusion
Considering both surface roughness and time, electric handpiece do not seem to add greater effectiveness or efficiency to resin cleanup following orthodontic bracket debonding.
Global, regional and national burdens of Nasopharynx cancer in the Adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions
Authors: Wang Yaojie , Huang Guoxin , Qin Bingqing , Zeng Jing , tan Huazhang , Zhang Dongdong , Wang Qiuyang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To use data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to report the global, regional and national rates and trends of deaths incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for Nasopharynx cancer (NPC) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs).
Methods
Data from the GBD 2019 were used to analyze deaths incidence, prevalence and DALYs due to NPC at global, regional, and national levels. Joinpoint regression analysis calculated the average annual percentage changes(AAPC). Then analyse the association between incidence, prevalence and DALYs and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Finally, projections were made until 2030 and calculated in Nordpred.
Results
The deaths, incidence, prevalence and DALYs rates (95%UI) were 0.20 (0.19–0.22), 0.96 (0.85–1.09, 6.31 (5.54–7.20) and 12.23(11.27–13.29)in 2019, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the deaths, incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates AAPC (95%CI) were-1.64(-1.78 to -1.49), 1.79(1.03 to 2.55), 2.97(2.13 to 3.82)and-1.6(-1.75 to -1.4), respectively. Deaths and DALYs rates in South Asia, East Asia, North Africa and Middle East decreased with SDI. Incidence and prevalence rates in East Asia increased with SDI. At the national level, the incidence and prevalence rates are high in China, Taiwan(Province of China), Sinagapore, Malaysla, Brunel Darussaiam, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Malta. Meanwhile, the deaths and DALYs rates are still high in Malaysla, Brunel Darussaiam, Greenland and Taiwan(Province of China). The deaths and DALYs rates are low in Honduras, Finland and Norway. From the 2020 to 2030, ASIR、ASPR and ASDR in most regions are predicted to stable, but DALYs tends to decline.
Conclusion
NPC in AYAs is a significant global public problem. The incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates vary widely by region and country. Therefore different regions and countries should be targeted to improve the disease burden of NPC.
Evaluating the bi-directional causal association between temporomandibular disorders and neurodegenerative diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Huang Xin , Li Jianing , Wang Rui , Tian Wenxin , Wang Yue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous observational studies suggested that temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). This association may be mediated by confounding factors or reverse causation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the causal relationship between TMD and the four most common NDs [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)].
Methods
Data on TMD (N = 134,280), AD (N = 63,926), PD (N = 482,730), ALS (N = 80,610), and MS (N = 115,803) were extracted from publicly available Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) used as instrumental variables (IVs) were screened by setting the association strength and eliminating linkage disequilibrium. Inverse-variance weighting (IVW) method was employed as the primary analytical approach. However, weighted median, Mendelian randomization-Egger, and simple and weighted modes were used as complementary analysis methods to evaluate the causal effects. Tests for heterogeneity and pleiotropy were also performed. The results' stability was assessed using a leave-one-out analysis.
Results
Our findings revealed significant positive genetic correlations between TMD and PD (odds ratio = 1.223, 95% confidence interval = 1.064–1.406, P = 0.005). There was no significant association between TMD and AD, ALS, or MS. In the reverse Mendelian randomisation, no significant results supported the effect of NDs on TMD (all P > 0.05). The analyses did not reveal any evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.
Conclusions
These results supply evidence of a potential causal relationship between TMD and PD, emphasising the importance of effectively managing TMD to prevent PD. However, it is imperative to conduct comprehensive studies to validate and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this association.
RSR-YOLO: a real-time method for small target tomato detection based on improved YOLOv8 network
Authors: Yue Xiang , Qi Kai , Yang Fuhao , Na Xinyi , Liu Yanhua , Liu Cuihong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In tomato producing fields, automated large-area detection method is critical for fruit health monitoring and harvesting. However, due to the limited feature information included in tomatoes, large-area detection across long distances results in more missing or incorrect detections. To address this issue, this research proposes an improved YOLOv8 network, RSR-YOLO, for long-distance identification of tomato fruits. Firstly, this paper designs a partial group convolution (PgConv) and furthermore an innovative FasterNet (IFN) module for feature extraction, taking into account the impact of split operations on the computational complexity of the backbone network. The IFN module is lightweight and efficient, which improves the detection accuracy and real-time detection performance of the model. Secondly, this research combines the Gather and Distribute mechanism (GD) and redesigns the feature fusion module to implement the extraction and fusion of various levels of tomato features, given the critical significance that low-dimensional features play in small target recognition and localization. Finally, Repulsion Loss is used in this paper to examine the impact of fruit overlap and leaf occlusion on detection outcomes. RSR-YOLO achieves precision, recall, F1 score, and mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of 91.6%, 85.9%, 88.7%, and 90.7%, respectively, marking increases of 4.2%, 4%, 4.2%, and 3.6% compared to YOLOv8n. In addition, this paper designs a specialized Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the real-time detection task of tomatoes.
Asymptomatic malaria reservoirs in Honduras: a challenge for elimination
Authors: Banegas Sharon , Escobar Denis , Pinto Alejandra , Moncada Marcela , Matamoros Gabriela , Valdivia Hugo O. , Reyes Allan , Fontecha Gustavo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Efforts on a global scale for combating malaria have achieved substantial progress over the past twenty years. Two Central American nations have accomplished their goal of eliminating malaria: El Salvador and Belize. Honduras has decreased the incidence of malaria and now reports fewer than 4,000 malaria cases annually, aspiring to reach elimination by 2030. To accomplish this goal, it is essential to assess the existing strategies employed for malaria control and to address the task of incorporating novel intervention strategies to identify asymptomatic reservoirs.
Methods
A survey for detecting asymptomatic cases was carried out in the community of Kaukira, in Gracias a Dios, Honduras, considered the focus of malaria transmission during 2023. Asymptomatic community members were recruited as participants, malaria screening was performed through a rapid diagnostic test in situ, and a blood sample was collected on filter paper. Highly sensitive molecular assays based on photo-induced electron transfer PCR (PET-PCR) were performed to detect the two species of Plasmodium circulating in Honduras, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, the identification of the parasite species was verified by amplifying three genetic markers (Pvmsp3α, Pvmsp3ß, and Pfmsp1).
Results
A total of 138 participants were recruited, mostly adult women. All individuals tested negative on the rapid diagnostic test. Positive results for malaria were detected by PET-PCR in 17 samples (12.3%). Most samples were amplified with a Ct value between 37 and 42, indicating very low parasitaemias. Out of the 17 samples, 15 of them also showed amplification in the species assays. There were nine cases of P. falciparum infections and seven cases of P. vivax infections that were further confirmed by nested PCR (nPCR) of Pvmsp3 and Pfmsp1. Parasitaemias ranged from 100 p/µL to less than 0.25 p/µL. One sample showed mixed infection.
Conclusions
The existence of asymptomatic malaria reservoirs in Honduras can contribute to disease transmission and poses a challenge that may hinder elimination efforts, requiring public health authorities to modify surveillance strategies to identify the disease and treat this population accordingly.
Genesis of the Lakhshak orogenic Au–Sb deposit, SE Iran: insights from geology, microthermometry and stable isotope geochemistry
Authors: Rajabpour Shahrokh , Niroomand Shojaeddin , Dehkordi Nasim Heydarian , Tajeddin Hossein Ali , Nozaem Reza 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The Lakhshak Au–Sb deposit in the SE Iran, is closely associated with Eocene calc–schist and quartz schist rocks intruded by Oligocene dikes and mylonitic granitoid. The main mineralization is characterized by a NE–SW shear zone structure and hydrothermal alterations have mainly developed in the contact zones of granitoid and calc–schist units. Quartz veins and veinlets are associated with Au and Sb–bearing minerals consisting of pyrite, arsenopyrite, stibnite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, gold and electrum. The ore genesis, metallogenic processes, and the origin of ore fluids in the Lakhshak deposit are unknown, hence we report for the first time the geological, petrographic, microthermometry of fluid inclusions, Raman spectroscopy and sulfur and oxygen isotopes studies. In this study, four types of fluid inclusion assemblages were recognized in the mineralized quartz veins. The results of fluid inclusion microthermometric measurments yield homogenization temperatures of two–phase LV (type III) and ternary carbonic–aqueous phase (LCO2 + LH2 O + VCO2; type IV) fluid inclusions vary between 200 to 280°C and 300 to 330°C, whereas their salinity range from 9 to 11% and 8 to 13% wt. % NaCl, respectively. This implies that gold precipitation is derived from low–temperature and low–salinity ore fluids. The calculated δ18Ofluid values of quartz vary from 7.5 to 9.8‰, implying that the ore fluids may have a metamorphic origin that reacted repeatedly with the volcanic rocks along the conduits as well as the granitoid units adjacent to the ores and subsequently experienced sporadic equilibrium in oxygen fractionation during formation. Therefore, due to the significant oxygen isotopic exchange in the fluid–rock reaction, the metamorphic fluids show the isotopic properties of specific fluids of magmatic origin. Moreover, the δ34S values of pyrite (3.0 to 4.1‰) and stibnite (–0.9 to 0.8‰) from the main satge of mineralization show a magmatic origin for sulfur. Accordingly, it is suggested that the mixing and dilution of metamorphic fluids with meteoric water plausibly had a substantial effect on the evolution of ore–forming system at Lakhshak, similar to orogenic gold deposits worldwide.
In-silico analysis of SARS-CoV-2 N protein host interactors involved in Parkinson’s Disease and Dementia
Authors: Jain Priyanjal , Naithani Urshila , Prakash Vijeta , Gabrani Reema 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic and contagious coronavirus that first surfaced in late 2019. The genome encodes four major structural proteins, non-structural proteins and accessory proteins. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein that is abundant and plays a critical role in packaging the viral genome. Researchers have explored its potential as a target for therapeutic purposes. People with pre-existing neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia have been recognised as a high-risk population for severe COVID-19 illness as SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to cause deterioration of the symptoms of these diseases. This study aims to identify the shared human interactors of SARS-CoV-2 N protein, PD and dementia. Proteins involved were retrieved from databases, and protein-protein interaction networks were created and visualized in Cytoscape. Individual intersection networks of SARS-CoV-2 N protein with PD and dementia resulted in 46 and 26 proteins, respectively, while intersection networks of SARS-CoV-2 N protein, PD and dementia resulted in 15 common proteins. Seed proteins were identified from network clusters and their Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed their involvement in several biological processes. Valosin-containing-protein (VCP) was found to be the only seed protein involved during the co-occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 N protein infection, PD and dementia and is mainly concerned with the regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Further, gene enrichment analysis of the identified 15 common proteins was conducted using the DAVID tool, followed by the identification of 7 druggable targets using the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) and DrugBank. Studying the biological functions of the identified host-protein interactors is crucial for understanding the progression of the disease at a molecular level. Moreover, approved therapeutic compounds against the potential drug target proteins can also be utilized to develop effective treatments.
Directional output distance functions: A profit maximizing iterative method for choosing the optimal direction
Authors: Deng Zhongqi , Jiang Nan , Pang Ruizhi , Fan Xuecheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Building upon the work established by Färe et al. (2013) and Divisia (1926), this study proposes an iterative method to tackle the issue of how to select an optimal direction in a directional output distance function analysis. The core idea behind this method is using shadow prices of outputs, which are estimated by iterating directional output distance functions with slacks-based measure, to replace their real prices. By projecting inefficient firms towards profit maximizing benchmarks, our direction selection is consistent with firms’ profit maximizing behavior. At the end, we provide an illustration that evaluates the health system efficiency of public hospitals in New Zealand during 2011–2017.