bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic regulation at the tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles of the lignin‐degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium against exogenous addition of vanillin
Authors: Shimizu Motoyuki , Yuda Naoki , Nakamura Tomofumi , Tanaka Hiroo , Wariishi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA proteomic differential display technique was utilized to study cellular responses of Phanerochaete chrysosporium exposed to vanillin, one of the key intermediates found during lignin biodegradation. Intracellular proteins were resolved by 2‐DE and target protein spots were identified using MALDI‐MS after in‐gel tryptic digestions. Upon addition of vanillin to P. chrysosporium, up‐regulation of homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase, 1,4‐benzoquinone reductases, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and aryl‐alcohol dehydrogenase, which seem to play roles in vanillin metabolism, was observed. Furthermore, enzymes involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose‐phosphate cycle, and heme biosynthesis were also activated. Up‐regulation of extracellular peroxidase was also observed. One of the most unique phenomena against exogenous vanillin was a switch from the glyoxylate cycle to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, where a drastic increase in isocitrate dehydrogenase activity was observed. The exogenous addition of other aromatic compounds also caused an increase in its activity, which in turn triggered NAD(P)H production via the action of dehydrogenases in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, heme biosynthesis via the action of aminolevulinic acid synthase on succinyl‐CoA, and energy production via activation of the mitochondrial electron transfer system. These metabolic shifts seem to be required for activating a metabolic system for aromatic compounds.
From proteins to systems: The British Society for Proteomics Research (BSPR) meeting 2005
Authors: McIntyre Sue Francis 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis report describes the highlights of the second scientific meeting of the British Society for Proteome Research (BSPR), jointly organised with the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), and held at The Genome Centre, Cambridge UK in July 2005. The theme of the meeting was “From Proteins to Systems” covering many diverse aspects of proteomics, bioinformatics and systems biology.
Factors influencing distress in Indian cancer patients
Authors: Pandey Manoj , Thomas Bejoy Cherian , Ramdas Kunnambath , NandaMohan Vasudevanpillai 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground: The current study set out to identify distress in cancer patients undergoing curative treatment within India.Patients and methods: This study was carried out to measure distress and contributory factors in 103 cancer patients undergoing treatment with curative intent. The patients were interviewed using the Distress Inventory for Cancer (DI‐C). The data on social, demographic, clinical, treatment, and follow‐up details was collected from case records.Results and conclusion: The distress score for individual respondents ranged from 34 to 90 (mean 62.3). Patients with lower income, those who were single/widowed, or divorced, those living between 150 and 350 km (3–6 h commuting distance) from the cancer centre, presence of pain and patients with advanced tumours at presentation showed higher distress. A higher distress score correlated significantly with patients being lost to follow‐up. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The enhancing connections program: pilot study of a cognitive‐behavioral intervention for mothers and children affected by breast cancer
Authors: Lewis Frances Marcus , Casey Susan M. , Brandt Patricia A. , Shands Mary Ellen , Zahlis Ellen H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn 2005, approximately 211 240 women in the US will be diagnosed with early stage breast cancer and an estimated 22% will be child rearing. Research reveals that both mothers and children have elevated distress attributed to the cancer; struggle with how to talk about and deal with the impact of the cancer; and both fear the mother will die. The Enhancing Connections Program (EC) was developed to reduce this cancer‐related distress and morbidity. The program involves five, 1‐hour educational counseling sessions delivered at 2‐week intervals by specially trained clinicians. This study reports on the program's short‐term impact on mothers' and children's adjustment.Thirteen households were recruited within 7.5 months of the mother's diagnosis with early stage breast cancer. Impact was evaluated within a single group design using data obtained from standardized questionnaires with established reliability and validity.Results revealed significant improvements in the mother's depressed mood, anxiety, and self‐confidence to assist her child (mother report). There were also significant decreases in the child's behavioral problems (mother and father report); the child's cancer‐related worries (child report); and the child's anxiety/depressed mood (mother and father report). Further evaluation is warranted within a clinical trial. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic and crystallographic studies of glucopyranose spirohydantoin and glucopyranosylamine analogs inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase
Authors: Watson Kimberly A. , Chrysina Evangelia D. , Tsitsanou Katerina E. , Zographos Spyros E. , Archontis Georgios , Fleet George W.J. , Oikonomakos Nikos G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractGlycogen phosphorylase (GP) is currently exploited as a target for inhibition of hepatic glycogenolysis under high glucose conditions. Spirohydantoin of glucopyranose and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylamine have been identified as the most potent inhibitors of GP that bind at the catalytic site. Four spirohydantoin and three β‐D‐glucopyranosylamine analogs have been designed, synthesized and tested for inhibition of GP in kinetic experiments. Depending on the functional group introduced, the Ki values varied from 16.5 μM to 1200 μM. In order to rationalize the kinetic results, we determined the crystal structures of the analogs in complex with GP. All the inhibitors bound at the catalytic site of the enzyme, by making direct and water‐mediated hydrogen bonds with the protein and by inducing minor movements of the side chains of Asp283 and Asn284, of the 280s loop that blocks access of the substrate glycogen to the catalytic site, and changes in the water structure in the vicinity of the site. The differences observed in the Ki values of the analogs can be interpreted in terms of variations in hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, desolvation effects, ligand conformational entropy, and displacement of water molecules on ligand binding to the catalytic site. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mitigation of pressure piling by divergent connections
Authors: Di Benedetto Almerinda , Russo Gennaro , Salzano Ernesto 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLiterature results show that the pressure piling phenomenon is the result of the combination of: (1) the precompression effect arising from the jet flow from the ignition vessel); (2) the turbulence induced by the fast flame propagation (jet ignition) in the secondary vessel; and (3) the vent flowing toward the ignition vessel, which mitigates the peak pressure. To control the severity of the explosion in the second vessel it is possible to either limit precompression or to reduce the characteristic ratio between the “reaction” and “venting” times.A mathematical model of the pressure piling phenomenon is proposed herein to study the possibility of reducing the peak pressure in the second vessel by limiting the turbulence level induced and thus increasing the reaction time with respect to the venting time. More precisely, the effect of geometry obtained by using divergent connection tubes from the ignition vessel to the second vessel and by varying the volume ratio between the two vessels has been evaluated, demonstrating that small modifications in the design will prevent the catastrophic behavior of pressure piling. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2005
Experience‐altered oviposition responses to a neem‐based product, Neemix®, by the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: Liu Tong‐Xian , Liu Shu‐Sheng 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe oviposition responses of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., to Neemix® 4.5, a neem‐based oviposition repellent/deterrent, with or without previous experience were studied in the laboratory on plain aluminum foil sheets, on aluminum foil sheets coated with cabbage juice, and on cabbage plants. In the plain aluminum foil sheet experiment, the females without prior experience of Neemix (inexperienced females) deposited more eggs (66.2%) on sections with untreated sheets than on sections with Neemix‐treated sheets (33.8%), indicating that the inexperienced females were significantly repelled and/or deterred by Neemix. In contrast, the Neemix‐experienced females deposited more eggs (69.2–69.7%) on sections with Neemix‐treated sheets than on sections with untreated sheets (30.3–30.8%), implying that the females were not repelled and/or deterred by Neemix following an experience. In the tests using egg‐laying sheets coated with cabbage juice or with cabbage juice plus Neemix, the inexperienced females deposited more eggs (63.8%) on the sections with sheets treated with cabbage juice only than on the sections with sheets coated with cabbage juice and Neemix (36.2%), indicating that inexperienced females were repelled and/or deterred by Neemix. Similarly, Neemix‐experienced females deposited more eggs (62.2–65.6%) on the sections with sheets treated with cabbage juice plus Neemix than on the sections with sheets treated with juice only (34.4–37.8%), suggesting that the females were not repelled and/or deterred by Neemix following an experience. On cabbage plants, inexperienced females oviposited similar numbers of eggs on both Neemix‐treated (50.8%) and untreated plants (49.2%). However, the Neemix‐experienced females oviposited more eggs on the plants treated with Neemix (56.3%) than on untreated plants (43.7%), indicating that the females were attracted by Neemix‐treated plants following an experience. The significance of this study for applications of insect repellents/deterrents in pest management is discussed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparing ecological risks of pesticides: the utility of a Risk Quotient ranking approach across refinements of exposure
Authors: Peterson Robert KD 
Published: October 2005

AbstractEnvironmental risk assessment of pesticides and other chemicals often uses the Risk Quotient (RQ) method to characterize risk quantitatively. An RQ is calculated by dividing an environmental exposure value by a toxicity end‐point value. Tier 1 RQs, which are characterized by highly conservative toxicity and exposure assumptions, are used primarily for screening out negligible risks in regulatory decision making. It has been argued that the tier 1 RQ approach is valuable for making direct comparisons of quantitative risk between pesticides. However, an outstanding question is whether relative risks among pesticides would change if refinements of exposure are incorporated into the RQ calculations. This study tested that hypothesis. Aquatic ecological risk assessments were conducted for 12 herbicide and 12 insecticide active ingredients used on agricultural crops in the USA. The pesticides were chosen because surface‐water monitoring data for them were available as part of the United States Geological Survey's National Water‐Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA). Ecological receptors and effects evaluated were aquatic non‐vascular plants (acute risk), aquatic vertebrates (acute risk) and aquatic invertebrates (acute risk) for the herbicides and aquatic vertebrates (acute and chronic risk) and aquatic invertebrates (acute and chronic risk) for the insecticides. The data indicate that there were significant statistical correlations between numerical rankings of tier 1 RQs and RQs using refined environmental exposures. The results support the hypothesis that numerical ranking of RQs for the purpose of comparing potential ecological risks is a valid approach because the rankings are significantly correlated regardless of the degree of exposure refinement. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Masking the taste of the conditioned taste aversion agent levamisole using an ion‐exchange resin, for practical application in wildlife management
Authors: Cotterill Jane V , Massei Giovanna , Cowan David P 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) agent to be successful in wildlife management applications, the compound must not be detectable by the animal. Levamisole is an effective CTA agent when administered by oral intubation, but it is readily detected by a number of species when mixed directly in food. This paper describes the development of an ion‐exchange resin complex (resinate) to mask the taste of levamisole. Two different resins were evaluated, Amberlite® IRP‐64 and Amberlite® IRP‐69, and release studies indicated that the resinate formed using IRP‐64 resin would be most suitable for use in wildlife management. Although it contained a relatively low loading of levamisole (77 g kg−1), the results indicated that the IRP‐64 resinate should be stable in the mouth and release the levamisole quickly in the acid environment of the stomach (93% of levamisole was released into 0.1 M HCl in 5 min). In a bioassay using laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk), we showed that the taste of levamisole was successfully masked in a biscuit bait using the IRP‐64 resinate and that a CTA was generated to untreated bait. The use of ion‐exchange resins is a new approach in the taste‐masking of CTA agents and could be applied to other wildlife management applications. © British Crown copyright 2005. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of kaolin‐based particle film on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)) oviposition in the laboratory
Authors: Cadogan Beresford L , Scharbach Roger D 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA laboratory study conducted in 2003 determined the influence of a kaolin‐based particle film (Surround™ WP Crop Protectant) on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem)) oviposition. Three concentrations (15, 30 and 60 g litre−1 spray carrier) were applied to white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). When presented with different paired choices of oviposition surfaces, spruce budworms laid very few egg masses overall and showed no significant (P < 0.05) preference between kaolin‐coated and untreated foliage. During no‐choice tests, spruce budworms were significantly (P < 0.05) less inclined to oviposit on the 60 g kaolin litre−1 treated foliage than on the controls, but no kaolin treatment completely inhibited spruce budworm oviposition. Egg mass size and percentage hatch were unaffected by the kaolin treatments, and overall the percentage of egg masses laid on foliage was inversely proportional to treatment concentration. It is unlikely that kaolin‐based particle film would be practical for wide use in natural forests without significant adaptations to current pesticide application equipment and methods. However, the technique might be feasible in selected urban settings. © 2005 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dielectric functions of DNA base films from near‐infrared to ultra‐violet
Authors: Silaghi S. D. , Friedrich M. , Cobet C. , Esser N. , Braun W. , Zahn D. R. T. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis work is reporting the dielectric functions of DNA base films, i.e. guanine, adenine, cytosine, and thymine in the energy range from near‐infrared to ultra‐violet. Spectroscopic ellipsometry using synchrotron radiation was employed in situ on DNA base films grown on hydrogen terminated Si(111) surfaces under ultra‐high vacuum conditions. The optical response of adenine and guanine films is described by a uniaxial model while in the case of thymine and cytosine films an isotropic model was employed. The imaginary part of the dielectric functions ε2 of the DNA base films is compared with the electronic transitions of single molecules calculated using time‐dependent density functional theory. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
From organic superconductors to DNA: Fragment orbital‐based model
Authors: Castet Frédéric , Ducasse Laurent , Fritsch Alain 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA semi‐empirical valence bond/Hartree–Fock (VB/HF) method is developed to calculate one‐ and two‐electron interactions between molecular fragments in conducting supramolecular stacks. This fragment orbital‐based formalism allows for consistent extraction of an effective Hamiltonian defined as a “frontier orbital” model. This Hamiltonian quantitatively describes transfer and electrostatic interactions between conducting electrons, while reducing the active space so dramatically that the electronic eigenstates of very large systems may be investigated. The capabilities of the VB/HF method are illustrated on two different supramolecular stacks involving a π–π interacting fragment. In the first part of this study, the framework of the VB/HF method is used to evaluate the relative magnitude of the electronic interactions between conduction electrons in organic conductors and superconductors derived from Bechgaard salts. In the second part of this study, the VB/HF formalism is extended to derive an effective model for conduction holes along doped DNA double strands. Transferable intra‐ and intersite parameters were first evaluated from VB/HF calculations carried out on nucleoside pairs. From this interaction databank, the effective Hamiltonian of any type of nucleoside sequence can be defined. The thermalized charge distribution for a single hole delocalized along a DNA sequence containing 240 Watson–Crick pairs is then calculated and compared with the experimental yields of damage revealed by photocleavage experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
A robust control based solution to the sample‐profile estimation problem in fast atomic force microscopy
Authors: M. Salapaka Srinivasa , De Tathagata , Sebastian Abu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe atomic force microscope (AFM) is a powerful tool for imaging and manipulating matter at the nanoscale. An optimal control problem is proposed for the control of AFMs which includes the design of a sample‐profile estimate signal in addition to the set‐point regulation and resolution objectives. A new estimate signal for the sample profile is proposed and it is proved that the transfer function between the profile signal and the estimate signal is unity. The main contribution in comparison to existing designs is that there is no bandwidth limitation on estimation of sample profiles! Experimental results are presented to corroborate these results. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of twin–twin transfusion syndrome in pregnancies with iatrogenic detachment of membranes following therapeutic amniocentesis and the role of interim amniopatch
Authors: Quintero R. A. , Kontopoulos E. V. , Chmait R. , Bornick P. W. , Allen M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveDetachment of membranes may occur after therapeutic amniocentesis for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Subsequent amniocenteses or endoscopic fetal therapy may be hindered or made altogether impossible by this complication. The purpose of this study was to describe our experience in the assessment and management of TTTS patients with iatrogenic detached membranes (IDM).MethodsPatients with IDM referred for fetal surgery for TTTS were considered ineligible for standard surgery and were offered different alternatives, including expectant management, serial amniocentesis, or an attempt at surgery with or without prior amniopatch. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between surgical and non‐surgical patients.ResultsNine hundred and forty‐four patients with a diagnosis of TTTS were referred between July 1997 and December 2004, of whom 322 (34.1%) had a prior therapeutic amniocentesis. Twenty‐six of the 322 patients (8%) had IDM. Ten patients opted to be managed with subsequent amniocenteses, two of which had an amniopatch. One patient had voluntary interruption of pregnancy. Fifteen patients underwent surgery, 10 of whom underwent an amniopatch. Overall, resealing of membranes occurred in 8/12 (66%) patients treated with an amniopatch. Survival of at least one fetus was greater in patients treated surgically with or without an amniopatch (12/15, 80% vs. 4/11, 36%, P = 0.04).ConclusionMembrane detachment is an important complication of therapeutic amniocentesis in the treatment of TTTS. Although successful treatment of IDM can be achieved with an interim amniopatch, this alternative is not without risks. Therapeutic amniocenteses should be discouraged in patients considering endoscopic fetal surgery for TTTS. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of Lung Transplantation in Patients with Scleroderma
Authors: Massad Malek G. , Powell Charles R. , Kpodonu Jacques , Tshibaka Cimenga , Hanhan Ziad , Snow Norman J. , Geha Alexander S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPatients with pulmonary insufficiency due to scleroderma have long been considered suboptimal candidates for lung transplantation. This has been supported by small single‐center experiences that did not reflect the entire U.S. experience. We sought to evaluate the outcome of patients with scleroderma who underwent lung transplantation. We conducted a retrospective review of 47 patients with scleroderma who underwent lung transplantation at 23 U.S. centers between 1987 and 2004 and were reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing. Women constituted 57% of the patients. The mean age was 46 years. Twenty‐seven patients received single lung transplants (57%), and the remaining received double lung transplants. The mean cold ischemia time was 4.1 hours. There were 7 early deaths (≤30 days) and 17 late deaths (> 30 days). The causes of early death were primary graft failure and a cardiac event in two patients each and bacterial infection and stroke in one patient each. Late mortality was due to infection in seven patients, respiratory failure in three, malignancy in two, and multisystem organ failure, rejection, pulmonary hypertension, and a cardiac event in one patient each. The causes of early and late death were not recorded for two patients. One patient received a second transplant owing to graft failure of the first. Twenty‐three patients (49%) were alive at a mean follow‐up of 24 months. The Kaplan‐Meier 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates were 67.6% and 45.9% respectively, which are not significantly different from those of 10,070 patients given transplants for other lung conditions during the same period (75.5% and 58.8% respectively, P = 0.25). Donor gender, recipient’s age, and type of transplant did not affect survival. In carefully selected patients with scleroderma who have end‐stage lung disease, lung transplantation is a valid life‐saving therapeutic option. Available data suggest acceptable short‐term morbidity and mortality and a long‐term survival similar to that of patients given transplants for other lung conditions.