bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intranasal exposure to leukotoxindeficient Mannheimia haemolytica at the time of arrival at the feedyard on subsequent isolation of M haemolytica from nasal secretions of calves
Authors: Frank Glynn H. , Briggs Robert E. , Duff Glenn C. , Hurd H. Scott 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of intranasal exposure to live leukotoxin (LktA)-deficientMannheimia haemolytica(MH) at the time of feedyard arrival on nasopharyngeal colonization by wildtype MH in calves.Animals—200 calves.Procedure—Calves from Arkansas (AR calves; n = 100; mean body weight, 205 kg) were purchased from an order buyer barn. Calves from New Mexico (NM calves; n = 100; mean body weight, 188 kg) were obtained from a single ranch. Calves were transported to a feedyard, where half of each group was exposed intranasally with LktA-deficient MH at the time of arrival. Calves were observed daily for respiratory tract disease (RTD), and nasal swab specimens were collected periodically to determine nasopharyngeal colonization status with MH. Serum samples were assayed for antibodies to MH.Results—15 AR calves had nasopharyngeal colonization by wild-type MH at the order buyer barn, whereas none of the NM calves had nasopharyngeal colonization. Intranasal exposure to LktA-deficient MH elicited an increase in serum antibody titers against MH in NM calves, but titers were less in NM calves treated for RTD. Exposure of NM calves to LktA-deficient MH offered protection from nasopharyngeal colonization by wild-type MH.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Exposure of calves to LktA-deficient MH elicited an increase in serum antibody titers against MH and decreased colonization of the nasopharynx by wild-type MH. Earlier exposure would likely allow an immune response to develop before transportation and offer protection from nasopharyngeal colonization and pneumonia caused by wild-type MH. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:580–585)
Effects of acepromazine on renal function in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Boström Ingrid , Nyman Görel , Kampa Naurepon , Häggström Jens , Lord Peter 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To investigate the effects of IM administration of acepromazine on indices of relative renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by means of scintigraphy, as well as the effects on physiologic, hematologic, and serum biochemical variables in anesthetized dogs, compared with effects of administration of saline.Animals—6 healthy Beagles.Procedure—Acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg) or physiologic saline (0.9 NaCl) solution was administered IM 30 minutes prior to induction of anesthesia with thiopentone; anesthesia was maintained with inspired isoflurane for 2.25 hours. Blood gases and circulatory and ventilatory variables were monitored. Renal function was evaluated by scintigraphic measurements of GFR and relative renal blood flow and analyses of serum and urine. Statistical analyses used ANOVA or Friedman ANOVA.Results—Values of relative renal blood flow and GFR remained high despite low blood pressures. After administration of acepromazine, mean ± SD arterial blood pressure was 66 ± 8 mm Hg during anesthesia; this value was below the threshold (80 mm Hg) for renal autoregulation of GFR. In comparison, mean arterial blood pressure after administration of saline was significantly higher (87 ± 13 mm Hg). However, between treatments, there were no significant differences in GFR, relative renal blood flow, or other indices of renal function.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Measurements of renal function and blood flow in dogs during anesthesia with thiopentone and isoflurane did not differ significantly between treatments, which suggested that acepromazine protects renal function despite inducing reduction in blood pressure, compared with effects of administration of saline. (Am J Vet Res2003; 64:590–598)
Effects of calcium disodium EDTA and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on tissue concentrations of lead for use in treatment of calves with experimentally induced lead toxicosis
Authors: Meldrum James B. , Ko Kam W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare the efficacy of calcium disodium EDTA (CaNa2EDTA) and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in reducing concentrations of lead in selected tissues for use in treatment of calves with experimentally induced lead toxicosis.Animals—19 sexually intact male Holstein calves that weighed 35 to 60 kg.Procedure—Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups: group 1, control calves; group 2, lead only; group 3, lead and EDTA; group 4, lead and DMSA; and group 5, lead, EDTA, and DMSA. Calves in groups 2 to 5 were dosed daily with lead (5 mg/kg, PO) for 10 days. Doses of EDTA (100 mg/kg) and DMSA (25 mg/kg) were administered IV once daily for 4 consecutive days beginning on day 11. Effects of the chelators on lead concentrations in the liver, kidneys, testes, muscles, bones, and brain were compared among the various groups.Results—Compared with the effects of EDTA, DMSA greatly reduced lead concentrations in renal and hepatic tissues. We did not detect significant differences for the effects of EDTA or DMSA on lead concentrations in the testes; there was an adverse interaction of EDTA with DMSA that caused an increase in lead concentrations in the testes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—DMSA is much more effective than EDTA in removing lead from renal and hepatic tissues in calves. Use of DMSA in calves with lead intoxication appears to be a viable treatment option. Combining DMSA and EDTA as a treatment modality in calves did not offer any advantages. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:672–676)
Pharmacokinetics of imipenem in dogs
Authors: Barker Corrie W. , Zhang Weijiang , Sanchez Susan , Budsberg Steven C. , Boudinot F. Douglas , Stevenson M. A. McCrackin 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of imipenem (5 mg/kg) after single-dose IV, IM, and SC administrations in dogs and assess the ability of plasma samples to inhibit the growth ofEscherichia coliin vitro.Animals—6 adult dogs.Procedure—A 3-way crossover design was used. Plasma concentrations of imipenem were measured after IV, IM, and SC administration by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. An agar well antimicrobial assay was performed with 3E coliisolates that included a reference strain and 2 multidrug-resistant clinical isolates.Results—Plasma concentrations of imipenem remained above the reported minimum inhibitory concentration for E coli (0.06 to 0.25 µg/mL) for a minimum of 4 hours after IV, IM, and SC injections. Harmonic mean and pseudo-standard deviation halflife of imipenem was 0.80 ± 0.23, 0.92 ± 0.33, and 1.54 ± 1.02 hours after IV, IM, and SC administration, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of imipenem after IM and SC administration were 13.2 ± 4.06 and 8.8 ± 1.7 mg/L, respectively. Time elapsed from drug administration until Cmax was 0.50 ± 0.16 hours after IM and 0.83 ± 0.13 hours after SC injection. Growth of all 3 E coli isolates was inhibited in the agar well antimicrobial assay for 2 hours after imipenem administration by all routes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Imipenem is rapidly and completely absorbed from intramuscular and subcutaneous tissues and effectively inhibits in vitro growth of certain multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of E coli. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:694–699)
Comparison of nociceptive withdrawal reflexes and recruitment curves between the forelimbs and hind limbs in conscious horses
Authors: Spadavecchia Claudia , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Andersen Ole K. , Spadavecchia Luciano , Doherr Marcus , Schatzmann Urs 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWRs) evoked from the distal aspect of the left forelimb and hind limb in conscious standing horses and to investigate NWR recruitment for graded electrical stimulation intensities.Animals—20 adult horses.Procedure—Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the digital palmar (or plantar) nerve was recorded from the common digital extensor and cranial tibial muscles. Stimuli consisted of 25-millisecond train-of-5 constant current pulses. Current intensity was gradually increased until NWR threshold intensity was reached. The EMG signal was analyzed for quantification of the NWR. Behavioral responses accompanying the reflex were scored (scale, 0 to 5). The NWR recruitment curves were determined at 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 times the NWR threshold intensity.Results—The NWR threshold was significantly higher for the hind limb (median value, 6.6 mA; range, 3 to 10 mA) than the forelimb (median, 3 mA; range, 1.7 to 5.5 mA). The NWR of the hind limb had a significantly longer latency (median, 122.8 milliseconds; range, 106 to 172 milliseconds), compared with the forelimb (median, 98 milliseconds; range, 86 to 137 milliseconds), and it was associated with significantly stronger behavioral reactions. Gradual increase of NWR amplitude was evident at increasing stimulation intensities and supported by the behavioral observations.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—We documented NWRs evoked from the forelimb and hind limb and their recruitment with stimuli of increasing intensity in horses. These results provide a basis for use of NWRs in studies on nociceptive modulation in horses. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:700–707)
Evaluation of β3-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation in intact and endotoxin-treated equine digital veins
Authors: Mallem Mohamed Y. , Gogny Marc , Gautier Freddy , Bucas Veronique , Desfontis Jean-Claude 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To investigate the functional expression of β3-adrenoceptors (β3-ARs) in equine digital veins (EDVs) and to examine whether β3-AR relaxation was altered in EDVs incubated with endotoxin.Sample Population—Forelimbs obtained from 30 horses.Procedure—Forelimbs were obtained from horses in an abattoir. Equine digital veins were carefully removed from distal portions of the forelimbs. Rings of dissected EDVs were mounted in 5-mL organ baths to record isometric tension in the presence of various β3-AR agonists (SR 58611A, ZD 2079, and ZM 215001).Results—In intact EDVs, isoprenaline, SR 58611A, ZD 2079, and ZM 215001 induced concentrationdependent relaxation. Isoprenaline and SR 58611Ainduced relaxations were reduced or unaffected by nadolol, respectively. In intact EDVs, SR 58611Ainduced relaxation was significantly reduced in the presence of 2µM ZM 215001 (used as a β3-AR antagonist). In endothelium-denuded EDVs or intact EDVs in the presence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, isoprenaline and SR 58611A-induced relaxations were significantly decreased. The endothelium-independent relaxation to SR 58611A was significantly inhibited in the presence of ZM 215001. In endotoxin-treated EDV, isoprenaline- and SR 58611A-induced relaxations were significantly reduced. In these conditions, cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor) and ibuprofen (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) restored the relaxant response to SR 58611A.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—β3-Adrenoceptors are functionally expressed in EDVs. Incubation in the presence of endotoxin, used as an in vitro model of laminitis, induced an alteration of β-ARmediated relaxations in EDVs, which could be the consequence of cyclooxygenase induction and subsequent prostanoid production. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:708–714)
Correlation of ultrasonographic observations with anatomic features and radiography of the elbow joint in dogs
Authors: Knox Van W. , Sehgal Chandra M. , Wood Andrew K. W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To define the ultrasonographic appearance of the elbow joint of dogs and to develop an ultrasonographic imaging protocol to reliably accomplish complete evaluation of that joint.Animals—11 clinically normal mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—Ultrasonographic observations (by use of a 5 to 10 MHz linear array probe) were made of 22 elbow joints in cadaveric forelimbs from clinically normal dogs. Images in standard anatomic planes were recorded with a multi-image camera, on videotape, or onto a computer. The anatomic plane of the ultrasonographic beam and position of the ultrasonographic probe were also recorded. Dissection of each elbow joint was performed, and anatomic features were correlated with ultrasonographic images.Results—Structures clearly identified ultrasonographically included the lateral and medial humeral epicondyles, the humeroradial and humeroulnar joints, anconeal process, medial coronoid process, hyaline cartilage covering the proximal articular surface of the radius, collateral ligaments, tendons of triceps brachii and supinator muscles, and the supinator tendon and sesamoid in the supinator cartilage. An ultrasonographic imaging protocol for examination of the elbow joint was developed.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Precise correlations were established between the gross anatomic appearance of the elbow joint and the ultrasonographic images of its component structures. The ultrasonographic imaging protocol will enable complete examination of all regions of the joint for detection of pathologic lesions. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:721–726)
Evaluation of ground reaction forces produced by chickens walking on a force plate
Authors: Corr Sandra A. , McCorquodale Caroline C. , McGovern Rod E. , Gentle Mike J. , Bennett David 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of a force plate as a method for objective gait analysis in adult poultry, to characterize ground reaction forces (GRFs) produced in adult chickens during normal walking, and to assess the variability of GRFs.Animals—18 clinically normal 5-month-old Brown Leghorn hensProcedure—Vertical, craniocaudal, and mediolateral GRFs were measured as hens walked across a standard force plate embedded in the middle of a runway.Results—All GRFs were significantly affected by speed, and variability was high. With increasing speed, overall stance time decreased, but the percentage of stance time spent in braking or propulsion remained approximately equal. There was an overall increase in maximum propulsion force, which was produced at a greater rate over a shorter time; thus, propulsion integral decreased. Maximum braking forces and braking integrals were variable, but the rate at which the forces were generated increased. Mediolateral forces were 2 to 3 times greater in hens than values that have been reported for other species.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—A standard force plate can be used to objectively measure GRFs in walking adult hens; however, the large variation in the data suggests that the technique in its current form would be of limited clinical use. Overall, vertical and craniocaudal forces had similar characteristics to those of other species, whereas mediolateral forces were found to be much greater in chickens than for other species. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:76–82)
Differentiation of strains of equine arteritis virus of differing virulence to horses by growth in equine endothelial cells
Authors: Moore Brian D. , Balasuriya Udeni B. R. , Nurton Jane P. , McCollum William H. , Timoney Peter J. , Guthrie Alan J. , MacLachlan N. James 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To compare growth characteristics of
strains of equine arteritis virus (EAV) of differing virulence
to horses in rabbit kidney (RK)-13 cells and
equine endothelial cells (EECs) cultured from the pulmonary
artery of a foal.

Sample Population—13 strains of EAV, including 11
field isolates of differing virulence to horses; the highly
virulent, horse-adapted Bucyrus strain; and the
modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine derived from it.

Procedure—The growth characteristics of the 13
strains were compared in EECs and RK-13 cells. Viral
nucleoprotein expression, cytopathogenicity, and
plaque size were compared to determine whether
growth characteristics of the 13 strains were predictive
of their virulence to horses.

Results—Cytopathogenicity, viral nucleoprotein
expression, and plaque size induced by all 13 viruses
were similar in RK-13 cells, whereas virulent strains of
EAV caused significantly larger plaques in EECs than
did the avirulent strains of EAV. Paradoxically, the
highly attenuated MLV vaccine and 1 field isolate of
EAV caused plaques in EECs that were larger than
those caused by any of the other viruses, and
sequence analysis confirmed the field isolate of EAV
to be indistinguishable from the MLV vaccine.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—With the
notable exception of the MLV vaccine, growth of the
various strains of EAV in EECs was predictive of their
individual virulence to horses. Thus, EECs provide a
relevant and useful model to further characterize
determinants of virulence and attenuation amongst
strains of EAV. (Am J Vet Res 2003;64:779–784)
Effects of pico-tesla electromagnetic field treatment on wound healing in rats
Authors: Trostel C. Todd , McLaughlin Ron M. , Lamberth John G. , Cooper Robert C. , Elder Steven H. , Pool Roy R. , Gao Cheng , Cromiak Joseph A. , Boyle Carolyn R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effects of a pico-tesla electromagnetic field (PTEF) on healing of sutured and open skin wounds and clinicopathologic variables in rats.Animals—64 male Fischer-344 rats.Procedure—An incision made in the dorsal aspect of the neck was sutured (n = 32) or left open to heal (32). In each group, 16 rats were not PTEF-treated (controls). Wound treatment consisted of exposure to a PTEF once daily. Rats in each group were euthanatized at days 2, 4, 7, and 14. Wounds were evaluated via tensiometry (sutured wounds), digital planimetry (open wounds), laser Doppler perfusion imaging, bacteriologic culture, and histologic examination. Blood samples were collected from all rats for analysis.Results—At day 14, sutured wounds in PTEF-treated rats were stronger (ultimate stress) and tougher (strain energy) than were sutured wounds in control rats. Open wounds in PTEF-treated rats contracted more quickly at days 2 and 4 than did those in control rats. Compared with control wounds, histologic changes (indicative of improved healing) in sutured and open wounds in PTEF-treated rats were detected as early as day 4. Laser Doppler perfusion measurements, results of CBCs, serum biochemical analyses, and bacteriologic cultures were not different between groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Exposure to the PTEF caused no adverse effects on clinicopathologic, histologic, or bacteriologic variables tested in this study. It appears that PTEF is a safe form of adjuvant treatment for wounds and improves strength of sutured wounds and speeds contraction of open wounds. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:845–854)
Bispectral index, spectral edge frequency 95%, and median frequency recorded for various concentrations of isoflurane and sevoflurane in pigs
Authors: Martín-Cancho María F. , Lima Juan R. , Luis Laura , Crisóstomo Verónica , Ezquerra Luis J. , Carrasco María S. , Usón-Gargallo Jesús 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate bispectral index (BIS), spectral
edge frequency 95% (SEF), and median frequency
(MED) in relation to a visual analogue scale (VAS)
as indicators of anesthetic depth for various concentrations
of sevoflurane and isoflurane in pigs.

Animals—32 pigs.

Procedure—Pigs were randomly allocated to 8 groups
(4 pigs/group). An electroencephalogram (EEG) was
recorded in each conscious pig. Pigs were then anesthetized
by use of sevoflurane (n = 16) or isoflurane
(16). Agents were administered in oxygen at minimum
alveolar concentrations (MACs) of 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75
MAC in a randomized order. End-tidal sevoflurane and
isoflurane concentrations were maintained for 30 minutes,
after which an EEG was recorded for 5 minutes;
BIS, SEF, and MED were then calculated. Anesthetic
depth was evaluated by use of the VAS. Cardiovascular
and EEG responses to nociceptive stimuli were evaluated
for each anesthetic agent.

Results—BIS decreased significantly for the various
concentrations of each anesthetic. At equivalent
MACs, BIS values were significantly higher during
sevoflurane-induced anesthesia than during isoflurane-
induced anesthesia. Values of MED and SEF
decreased significantly from basal values to 1 MAC of
sevoflurane and isoflurane. For both agents, there
was good correlation between VAS scores and BIS
values and between VAS scores and SEF values.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—BIS was useful
for predicting changes in anesthetic depth at clinical
dosages of inhalant anesthetics. Values of BIS,
SEF, and MED were significantly higher during anesthesia
induced by administration of sevoflurane than
during anesthesia induced by administration of isoflurance
at equivalent MACs. (Am J Vet Res 2003;64:866–873)
Effect of an adenoviral vector that expresses the canine p53 gene on cell growth of canine osteosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines
Authors: Yazawa Mitsuhiro , Setoguchi Asuka , Hong Sung-Hyeok , Uyama Rina , Nakagawa Takayuki , Kanaya Noriko , Nishimura Ryohei , Sasaki Nobuo , Masuda Kenichi , Ohno Koichi , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To generate an adenoviral vector that expressed the caninep53gene and investigate its growth-inhibiting effect on canine osteosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines.Sample Population—2 canine osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, OOS) and 3 canine mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines (CHMp, CIPm, and CNMm).Procedure—An adenoviral vector that expressed the caninep53gene (AxCA-cp53) was generated.p53gene expression was examined by use of reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and immunohistochemistry. Susceptibility of cell lines to the adenoviral vector was determined by infection with an adenoviral vector that expresses β-galactosidase (AxCA-LacZ) and 3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside staining. Growth inhibitory effects were examined by monitoring the numbers of cells after infection with mock (PBS) solution, AxCA-LacZ, or AxCA-cp53. The DNA contents per cell were measured by flow cytometry analysis. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation was detected by use of a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay.Results—AxCA-cp53-derivedp53gene mRNA and P53 protein were detected by RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Multiplicity of infection at which 50% of cells had positive 3-indolyl- β-D-galactopyranoside staining results ranged from 10 to 50. AxCA-cp53 induced growth inhibition in a dosedependent manner. Arrest of the G1-phase population and apoptotic DNA fragmentation were observed in cells infected with AxCA-cp53.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—AxCA-cp53 inhibits cell growth via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines that lack a functionalp53gene. AxCA-cp53 may be useful to target thep53gene in the treatment of dogs with tumors. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:880–888)