bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan Mobile E-Learning Berbasis Android
Authors: Liliana Liliana , Soesanto Daniel , Rahardjo Kevin Sebastian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract—E-Learning utilizes information and communication technology for learning. Most universities use e-learning-based websites. However, currently website-based e-learning is not enough because of technological developments which have resulted in more and more smartphone users and require Android-based mobile applications to improve learning. In this study, distributing questionnaires and making observations on similar systems. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the problems faced are that students do not know or forget if there is an assignment and there is no communication feature that can be used in e-learning. From these problems, an e-learning mobile application was created so that lecture materials and assignments can be accessed via smartphones and help communication. The application is developed with Angular Ionic framework with MySQL DBMS. The main features created are creating resources, creating reminders and notifications, sending assignments and quizzes, and private chat and group chat features. Based on the results of trials and evaluations, it was found that the end of the application was that it could assist lecturers in delivering material, perform assignments or quizzes and assist students in accessing material and doing quizzes via smartphones. In addition, the application made also helps students communicate with lecturers through chat.
Keywords: android, e-learning, mobile

Abstrak—E-Learning memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi untuk pembelajaran. Pada universitas umumnya menggunakan e-learning berbasis website. Namun, saat ini e-learning berbasis website belum cukup karena perkembangan teknologi mengakibatkan pengguna smartphone semakin banyak dan membutuhkan aplikasi mobile berbasis android untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran. Pada penelitian ini, disebarkan kuesioner dan dilakukan pengamatan pada sistem sejenis. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, masalah yang dihadapi yaitu mahasiswa tidak tahu atau lupa jika ada tugas serta belum adanya fitur komunikasi yang dapat digunakan pada e-learning Dari permasalahan tersebut, dibuat aplikasi mobile e-learning sehingga materi dan tugas perkuliahan dapat diakses melalui smartphone serta membantu komunikasi mahasiswa dengan dosen. Aplikasi dikembangkan dengan Bahasa pemrograman typescript dengan framework ionic angular dengan DBMS MySQL. Fitur utama yang dibuat adalah membuat resource perkuliahan, membuat pengingat dan notifikasi, mengirim dan menerima tugas serta quiz, dan fitur private chat dan group chat. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba serta evaluasi, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa aplikasi yang dibuat dapat membantu dosen dalam menyampaikan materi, tugas, quiz serta melakukan penilaian tugas ataupun quiz dan membantu mahasiswa dalam mengakses materi serta mengerjakan tugas serta quiz melalui smartphone. Selain itu, aplikasi yang dibuat juga membantu komunikasi mahasiswa dengan dosen melalui chat.
Kata kunci: android, e-learning, mobile
Embryo Transfer in Cattle: Nonsurgical Collection Techniques
Authors: Rowe R. F. , Del Campo M. R. , Critser J. K. , Ginther O. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four experiments were conducted to improve nonsurgical, ova recovery techniques in superovulated cattle. The measure of collection efficiency (mean ova recovery index) was defined as [(No. ova recovered per collection ÷ No. of estimated corpora lutea) × 100] ÷ No. of collections. In experiment 1, ova were collected from 25 heifers by flushing each uterine horn eight times. The percentage of ova recovered in each flush was 19 ± 25, 32 ± 29, 17 ± 15, 15 ± 23, 8 ± 13, 4 ± 8, 1 ± 4, and 4 ± 11, respectively. Mean ova recovery index was 62% ± 33 when eight flushes were used compared with 57% ± 31 for the first five flushes.
In experiment 2, positive pressure was used to infuse, and negative pressure was used to recover the flushing fluid from uteri of 20 heifers. The mean ova recovery index was 56% ± 29. Average fluid recovery percentages in experiments 1 and 2 were 96% ± 4 and 97% ± 5, respectively. Experiment 3 was a direct comparison between the technique of experiment 1 (large volume, no aspiration) and that of experiment 2 (small volume, aspiration). Mean ova recovery index for the 20 superovulated heifers was 60% ± 25. Ova recovery efficiency was not different between techniques, among order of uterine horn collection, or between sides collected.
In experiment 4, the recovery process of experiment 2 (small volume, aspiration) was used for 100 collections in 75 heifers. The type of superovulatory drug (pregnant mare serum gonadotropin or follicle stimulating hormone), the number of previous superovulatory treatments (none and ≥1), or the side from which the collection was made did not affect collection efficiency (56% ± 31). The combined 120 collections, using the small-volume, aspiration technique, resulted in an average recovery efficiency of 56%, involved the use of less flushing medium, and resulted in a more rapid flushing procedure.
Clearance and Shedding of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus from the Nasal Mucosa of Immune and Nonimmune Calves
Authors: Lupton H. W. , Reed D. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was rapidly cleared from the nasal mucosa of calves after intranasal aerosol exposure. Nonimmune calves (experiment 1) cleared 109 plaque-forming units (pfu) of virus from the nasal mucosa in less than 4 hours and 106 pfu of virus in 1 hour. An eclipse phase followed the clearance of viral inoculum. Replicating virus was first detected at 9 hours. Viral titers increased stepwise until maximum was attained on postinoculation day 4. Virus persisted in the nasal mucus until day 12. Clinical signs of disease corresponded with the shedding of virus.
In contrast to nonimmune calves, immune calves (experiment 2; same calves as in experiment 1, but 30 days after initial exposure) cleared 109 pfu of virus in 1 hour and 106 pfu of virus in less than 5 minutes. An abortive reinfection occurred after exposure of immune calves with 109 pfu of virus. Virus was first detected in these calves at 14 hours after exposure and was not detected beyond 24 hours after inoculation. Immune calves given 106 pfu of virus did not shed virus after clearance of inoculum. Clinical signs of infection were not observed in immune calves after viral challenge exposure. The data indicated that there was no detectable residual virus beyond 3 hours after the exposure.
Ultrastructure of Haemophilus equigenitalis, Causative Agent of Contagious Equine Metritis
Authors: Swaney Lois M. , Breese Sydney S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Haemophilus equigenitalis, a proposed new species of Haemophilus and the causative agent of contagious equine metritis, a venereal disease of the horse, had ultrastructural characteristics of gram-negative bacteria. The organism additionally had a small, threadlike capsule that was removed by heating in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Heating also detached the outer membrane from the cytoplasmic membrane. The capsule could only be demonstrated when bacteria were stained with ruthenium red during the preparation of ultrathin sections. The gross morphology of newly isolated organisms (rodlike or coccal) depended upon the medium on which they were grown.
Plasma Phase Viremia in Canine Distemper Virus Infection
Authors: Krakowka Steven , Higgins Robert J. , Metzler Alfred E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma samples from gnotobiotic pups infected with R252 canine distemper virus at 7 days of age contained free infective virus when titrated on canine pulmonary macrophage cultures. Virus was detected 7 days after infection and increased thereafter. Platelets may be involved in leukocyte-free viremia. The present study indicated that the method of dissemination of the virus in vivo involves plasma and canine distemper virus-infected leukocytes.
Coagulation Properties of Fresh-Frozen Canine Plasma During Prolonged Storage
Authors: Greene C. E. , Beck B. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Coagulation properties of fresh platelet-poor canine plasma from 20 dogs were examined before freezing and after storage at intervals of up to 1 year. Prothrombin time and factor V activity did not change in frozen plasma when compared with data obtained after plasma was stored 1 week.
When compared with that of fresh plasma, activated partial thromboplastin time shortened and factor VIII activity decreased after freezing and thawing of fresh plasma after 1 week. When compared with the first week, activated partial thromboplastin time in fresh-frozen plasma gradually shortened during the year of storage. Factor VIII activity increased in the first 4 months of storage, but gradually decreased by 1 year.
Identification of Rotaviruses of Different Origins by the Plaque-Reduction Test
Authors: Estes M. K. , Graham D. Y. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The plaque assay for the simian rotavirus SA11 was shown to be applicable to the economically important calf and porcine rotaviruses. In addition, neutralization of viral infectivity with specific antiserum before assay (plaque-reduction test) was found to be a useful test to identify the species of origin of rotaviruses.
Effects of Iridocryothermy in the Normal Dog
Authors: Barrie Kathleen P. , Gelatt Kirk N. , Gwin Robert M. , Peiffer Robert L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The base and pupillary zones of the iris were exposed for 10 s to a ‒79 C cryoprobe (iridocryothermy). The resultant iritis lasted 7 to 10 days as evidenced by aqueous flare, hypotony, and miosis. At 21 days, the iris was depigmented and had an irregular pupil. The initial histopathologic changes after iridocryothermy were iridic intrastromal hemorrhage, exudation, and neutrophil infiltration. The iridic pigmented epithelium was lyzed, and the melanin granules were liberated into the iridic stroma, posterior, and anterior chambers. Irides frozen at the pupillary zone exhibited sphincter muscle degeneration. By 21 days after iridocryothermy, the irides were depigmented and atrophic.
Cell-Mediated Immunity in Marek's Disease Virus-Infected Chickens Genetically Selected for High and Low Concentrations of Plasma Corticosterone
Authors: Thompson D. L. , Elgert K. D. , Gross W. B. , Siegel P. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lines of chickens genetically selected for high (hpc)- and low-plasma corticosterone (lpc) titers were assessed for cell-mediated immunity during Marek's disease tumorigenesis. Lymphocyte transformation (using phytohemagglutinin and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-bovine serum complex) and mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity were evaluated with peripheral blood leukocytes. Chickens from the lpc line showed a greater lymphocyte transformation response than those from the hpc line. All tumor-bearing chickens demonstrated a markedly suppressed blastogenic response. Although the blastogenic response was suppressed in those chickens infected with Marek's disease virus but not having gross tumors when compared with the steroid level, this response was greater than that of chickens with tumors and less than that of normal controls. In comparison with lpc-line chickens, hpc-line chickens demonstrated a decreased mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity. A decreased mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity was observed in both steroid lines concomitant with the onset and severity of tumors. The impaired cell-mediated response observed in the hpc line was associated with an increased tumor incidence and a greater mortality than that observed in the lpc line. Metyrapone, a chemical which blocks adrenal corticosterone synthesis, transiently enhanced mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity and initiated tumor regression in chickens debilitated with Marek's disease tumors.
Relationship Between Protective Activity and Antigen Structure of Haemophilus paragallinarum Serotypes 1 and 2
Authors: Kume Katsumi , Sawata Akira , Nakase Yasukiyo 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The object in this investigation was to determine the relationship between protective activity and antigenic structure of Haemophilus paragallinarum, serotypes 1 and 2. A close relationship exists in both serotypes between protective activity and colonial phenotypic form (iridescent and noniridescent). Protective activities of both serotypes were related to a heat-labile, trypsin-sensitive (L) antigen of iridescent form that produced serotype-specific agglutinin to chickens. The chickens having the agglutinins were protected against challenge exposure with homologous strain, but not with heterologous strain. The chickens injected with unencapsulated organisms of noniridescent form that were derived from encapsulated organisms of iridescent form failed to produce both serotype-specific agglutinins and protection against challenge exposure with homologous strain.
Most of the chickens injected with serotype 1 strain produced both hemagglutination-inhibition antibody and serotype 1-specific agglutinin, whereas those injected with serotype 2 produced serotype 2-specific agglutinin and protected against homologous challenge exposure. The protective activity was found in saline extract derived from encapsulated organisms of serotype 1, but was absent in those of serotype 2.
Long-Term Stability of Blood Lymphocyte Nuclear Pocket Prevalence in Clinically Normal Adult Dairy Bulls
Authors: Weber A. F. , Pomeroy K. , Dias E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study on blood lymphocyte nuclear pocket (lnp) prevalence stability was made over a 2-year period on ten clinically normal adult Holstein-Friesian bulls. The design of the experiment included 3 categories of animals as follows: (a) 3 bovine leukosis virus (blv)-seronegative bulls (N); (b) 4 blv-seropositive bulls with initial low (< 1.0%) blood lnp prevalence; and (c) 3 blv-seropositive bulls with initial high (≥ 2.0%) blood lnp prevalence. Prevalences of lnp for individual animals in all three groups were stable as to category of initial designation during the 2-year period.
All animals initially designated as seronegative or seropositive remained so throughout the experiment. Essentially, correspondence between lnp concentration and blv serotiter was observed only in the seronegative group in which prevalence was low on all samples.
Because increased lnp prevalence has been shown to be related to in vitro C-type blv production and because lnp prevalence appears to be stable, this measurement may be of discriminatory value in studies to develop criteria for the disposition of enzootic bovine leukosis seropositive cattle.
Graft Versus Host Reactions in Foals with Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Perryman Lance E. , Liu Irwin K. Μ. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nine foals with combined immunodeficiency were given hepatic and thymus cells from 68- to 110-day-old (gestational age) fetuses or peripheral blood lymphocytes from nonrelated horses. Clinical signs and lesions consistent with graft vs host reaction were observed in eight of the foals. Diarrhea was observed in these 8 foals, and ulcerative dermatitis, stomatitis, or glossitis was detected in 6 of the 8 foals. Histopathologic changes consisting of necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in liver, skin, alimentary tract, and less frequently in lymphoid tissues. Changes in complete blood counts, plasma bilirubin concentration, and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity were compared with sequential histopathologic alterations in the liver of two combined immunodeficiency foals given peripheral blood lymphocytes from unrelated donor horses. Elevations of sorbitol dehydrogenase correlated with the onset and increasing severity of hepatic lesions.
Metrizamide Myelography in the Horse: Clinical, Radiographic, and Pathologic Changes
Authors: Nyland Thomas G. , Blythe Linda L. , Pool Roy R. , Helphrey Marvin G. , O'Brien Timothy R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Myelograms of seven clinically normal horses were made, using metrizamide as the radiopaque medium. Preanesthetic medication was not used before anesthetic induction. Five animals were euthanatized and necropsied 2 days after myelograms were done, and two animals were euthanatized 30 days after myelograms were done.
Lateral survey radiographs of the cervical region were taken with the neck in neutral, fully flexed, and extended positions. Radiographic quality for the lateral projections was excellent. Ventrodorsal radiographs were of good quality for the cranial half of the cervical region only.
Myelography was done by injecting 56.5 ml of an isotonic metrizamide solution into the cisternal subarachnoid space. High-quality lateral radiographs outlining the subarachnoid space were repeated in neutral, fully flexed, and extended-neck position.
Postmyelographic effects of metrizamide on neuromuscular activity and recovery are described.
Histopathologic changes indicative of mild, acute suppurative meningitis of the brain and spinal cord were found in five horses necropsied 48 hours after myelography. At 30 days after myelography, chronic effects of metrizamide myelography were minimal and were considered insignificant.
It was concluded that metrizamide was an excellent positive contrast agent for demonstrating the subarachnoid space in the horse. The absence of significant clinical and pathologic side effects indicates that metrizamide myelography is a safe procedure in the horse.
Ontogeny of Host Responses in Ovine Fetuses Infected with Bluetongue Virus
Authors: Enright Frederick Μ. , Osburn Bennie I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ovine fetuses were inoculated (im) with bluetongue virus (btv) between the 50th and the 130th days of a 150-day gestation. At 10 to 15 days after virus was inoculated, the interstitial tissue of the fetal lung was diffusely infiltrated with large mononuclear leukocytes. By 20 days, unitized nodules of macrophages were seen in the interstitial tissue of the lung. The only gross alterations observed in infected fetuses were large lymph nodes and prominent lymphoid nodules within the spleen. Fetuses inoculated on the 80th day developed increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) within 20 days after inoculation, whereas fetuses inoculated on the 100th gestational day and later developed increased concentrations of IgG by 10 days. Fetuses inoculated on the 80th gestational day also developed serum neutralizing antibodies by 20 days after infection. The btv was recovered from fetuses which had serum neutralizing antibody. The sequential development of responses to btv infection during ontogeny in ovine fetuses is discussed.
Radionuclide Joint Imaging: An Ancillary Technique in the Diagnosis of Canine Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Allhands R. V. , Kallfelz F. A. , Lust G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Radionuclide joint imaging has been adapted for use in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia. Studies were done on 29 growing Labrador Retriever pups between 3 months and 1.5 years of age and on two adult dogs. Initially, pelvic radiographs and joint images were done on pups 12 to 16 weeks of age and were repeated at 2-week intervals thereafter. 99m Technetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTcMDP), an osteotrophic agent, was the radiopharmaceutical used for all imaging studies. Interference due to 99mTcMDP accumulation in the urinary bladder was avoided by static abdominal pressure. In 19 of the 21 dogs identified as abnormal by pelvic radiography, a similar diagnosis based on joint imaging was made for a true positive ratio of 0.90. Eight of ten dogs were identified as normal by means of both procedures, for a true negative ratio of 0.80. The overall accuracy was 0.87. Joint imaging was thus shown to be of similar value as pelvic radiography in the diagnosis of hip dysplasia. Joint images, however, displayed information on bone metabolic activity that could not be determined by pelvic radiography.
Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses of German Shepherd Dogs and Beagles to Experimental Infection with Ehrlichia canis
Authors: Nyindo Μ. , Huxsoll D. L. , Ristic Μ. , Kakoma I. , Brown J. L. , Carson C. A. , Stephenson E. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The cell-mediated and the humoral immune responses of 12 German Shepherd Dogs and 5 Beagles inoculated with Ehrlichia canis were evaluated. Results indicated that specific and nonspecific immunosuppression due to E canis occurred in the German Shepherd Dogs. Canine leukocyte migration-inhibition factor was successfully isolated and shown to be physically and functionally similar to human and guinea pig migration-inhibition factor. Of the German Shepherd Dogs, 58% developed positive cell-mediated responses; 80% of the Beagles became positive. German Shepherd Dogs that developed severe chronic ehrlichiosis did not respond to as great a degree as did the German Shepherd Dogs and Beagles with mild chronic disease.
The cell-mediated responses decreased with time and disappeared by 147 days after inoculation. Humoral antibody titers in all inoculated dogs increased with time and remained at increased concentrations.
Treatment of four inoculated dogs with antilymphocyte serum did not modify the course of the disease. The findings indicated that cell-mediated immunity may have a significant role in determining the course of disease in dogs infected with E canis.
Caprine Bluetongue Virus Isolations
Authors: Inverso Michael , Lukas G. N. , Weidenbach S. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Viral isolation procedures demonstrated the presence of bluetongue virus serotypes 10, 11, and 17 in routine caprine accessions. The goats in this report showed one or more of the following signs or lesions: weakness, pulmonary disease, abortion, fetuses with developmental abnormalities, kerato-conjunctivitis, anemia, and swollen joints.
Cell-Mediated Immunity in Marek's Disease: Correlation of Disease-Related Variables with Immune Responses in Age-Resistant Chickens
Authors: Confer Anthony W. , Adldinger Hans K. , Buening Gerald Μ. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A sequential study of cytotoxic and mitogen stimulation responses of peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) after inoculation with Marek's disease (md) virus was done with line 7 × 15 chickens at 2 weeks of age (group 1) and at 12 weeks (group 3). Control groups were inoculated with chicken kidney cells at 2 weeks of age (group 2) and 12 weeks (group 4). During an 8-week observation period, morbidity and mortality were greater in group 1 chickens than in group 3 chickens. The cytotoxic response of pbl against an md tumor cell line (MSB-1) was greater during the first 2 weeks after chickens in group 3 were inoculated than in group 1 chickens. Correlations did not exist between cell-mediated cytotoxic responses and severity of disease for individual group 1 chickens. However, pbl of group 3 chickens that developed gross lesions of md had reduced cytotoxic activities after an initial activity equal to, or greater than, the activities of chickens that survived without gross lesions. Phytohemagglutinin stimulation of pbl was depressed in both groups during weeks 1 to 3 after inoculation. Group 3 chickens had higher virus titers in pbl than group 1 chickens during weeks 1 to 3 after inoculation. The titers subsequently decreased below those for group 1 during the remainder of the experiment.