bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Releasing carcinogenesis test results: Timing and extent of reporting
Authors: Saffiotti Umberto , Page Norbert P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA carcinogenic response in an animal bioassay is usually characterized by gradual accumulation of a tumor incidence significantly in excess in the treated versus the control animals. In some cases, a definite response is realized relatively early, prior to planned sacrifice. In others, positive results are found at termination. In both cases, a long delay may occur before the information is ready to reach the public due to the time needed to complete pathology, data analysis, and publication of a report. Since the finding that a chemical is carcinogenic may have serious implications for public health and technology, reports of carcinogenesis bioassays should be thoroughly and critically reviewed before being issued. A delicate ethical dilemma confronts scientists in selecting the proper timing and extent for the release of carcinogenesis test results. Early findings may not be confirmed and may cause technological and economic problems and unnecessary anxiety. On the other hand, delaying public notification of highly suspicious findings until a final, detailed report is published, may delay preventive actions that could protect exposed populations from unnecessary risks. To meet differing requirements in regard to timing and extent of reporting, procedures were developed to issue reports on National Cancer Institute (NCI) carcinogenesis bioassays when the findings are clearly identified and well documented in the following forms: a) reports of preliminary findings, when the evidence is strongly suggestive; b) summary reports of completed bioassays; and c) detailed technical reports. Availability of such reports, particularly for preliminary findings, will be announced in the Federal Register and in a press release. The reports will be submitted for publication in the scientific literature.
Estimation of risks due to environmental carcinogenesis
Authors: Cranmer Morris F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral Federal agencies share responsibility for enforcing laws designed to control human exposures to carcinogens. This enforcement activity often has immense effects on other factors of our environment. Absolute safety is not possible, but increased protection is obtainable. Improvements are urgently needed in our ability not only to detect but also to quantify relative risk. Resources should be directed for maximum overall effect. Relative risk must be quantified if we are to reasonably compare risk and benefit. Examples of the inexactness of current toxicological epidemiological, and mathematical models for estimating risk due to exposures to DDT, aflatoxinb1, DES, and benzidine are presented. The impact of different laws and regulations applicable to the control of these agents is compared. Reference is made to major programs in toxicological methods for risk estimation.
A phase II evaluation of bacillus calmette‐guerin plus megestrol acetate in patients with metastatic renal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Laucius J. Frederick , Patel Yogish A. , Lusch Charles J. , Koons Lawrence S. , Bellet Robert E. , Mastrangelo Michael J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe case is reported of a patient with pulmonary metastases from a renal adenocarcinoma who experienced subjective improvement and objective tumor regression on Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) and megestrol acetate therapy. In a subsequent Phase II trial, no objective responses were noted among 15 patients treated with megestrol acetate (160 mg/day × 56 days) and BCG (five immunizing doses intradermally, every 2 weeks × 5). It is concluded that this treatment regimen is not clinically useful in patients with metastatic renal adenocarcinoma.
Adriamycin in combination chemotherapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A southwest oncology group study
Authors: Shaw Michael T. , Raab Spencer O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighteen (72%) of 25 evaluable and previously untreated patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia entered complete remission (CR) following induction therapy with Adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone in a Southwest Oncology Group study. Remission maintenance therapy with methotrexate and 6‐mercaptopurine resulted in a median duration of CR of 10.2 months. The addition of Adriamycin to prednisone and vincristine may be beneficial in slow responders or nonresponders to these two drugs and in patients with initially high peripheral blood blast counts.
Lymphocyte function in the blood of patients with untreated non‐hodgkin lymphoma: Influence of stage and pathology
Authors: Thatcher Nick , Gasiunas Nijole , Crowther Derek , Potter Michael R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytotoxicity of T, non‐T and K cells was found to be diminished in a proprotion of 30 patients with untreated non‐Hodgkin lymphoma; T cell number as enumerated by E sheep cell rosettes was also reduced. The reduction was greatest in patients with disease of unfavorable pathology; the effect of stage on these tests was not marked. Decreased skin reactivity was found in the same group of patients with unfavorable pathology. The reduction of direct and antibody dependent lymphocytotoxicity was not related to an obvious reduction in non‐T cell numbers, as assessed by rosetting tests. There was, however, a decrease in phytohemagglutinin cytotoxicity in those groups with reduced T cell number. The influence of unfavorable pathology on lymphocyte effector function is emphasized by this study.
Chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, and prednisone (COAP) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Sallan Stephen E. , Camitta Bruce M. , Chan David M. , Traggis Demitrius , Jaffe Norman 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree groups of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were treated with intermittent cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, and prednisone (COAP). Group A (no prior relapse) and Group B (prior single‐agent relapse) received COAP after 12 months on another chemotherapy regimen. Children in Group C (prior relapse on multiagent regimens) received COAP following A‐COAP (asparaginase plus COAP) reinduction. Median disease‐free survival after beginning COAP was not reached for Group A, but was only 7 months for Groups B and C. As of November 1976, there were 8 of 15 Group A patients, 1 of 12 Group B patients, and 1 of 28 Group C patients who had remained disease‐free from 38 to 60 (median 54.5) months and were off chemotherapy. COAP has activity in childhood ALL. However, effectiveness in markedly diminished in patients with prior bone marrow relapse.
Lack of correlation between blast cell size and length of first remission in acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood
Authors: Wagner Virginia M. , Baehner Robert L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe bone marrow from 55 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia diagnosed from April 1969 to June 1973 were evaluated for blast cell morphology and size. Sixteen marrows contained a predominance of macrolymphoblasts (> 12 μ), while the remainder contained mainly microlymphoblasts. There was no correlation between blast cell size and the known front‐end prognostic indicators of age and initial white blood count, nor could blast cell size be used to predict the length of initial bone marrow remission.
Hexamethylmelamine treatment of sarcomas and lymphomas
Authors: Borden Ernest C. , Larson Paula , Ansfield Fred J. , Bryan George T. , Johnson Robert O. , Ramirez Guillermo , Wilson William L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn evaluation of the effectiveness of hexamethylmelamine (HMM) in the treatment of tumors of mesenchymal origin was undertaken in 75 patients. To determine the efficacy of HMM for treatment of sarcomas, records of 61 patients treated with this drug were reviewed. One patient with metastatic osteosarcoma obtained a complete response of greater than 8 years duration. Shorter partial responses were observed in individual patients with a leiomyosarcoma, a fibrosarcoma, and a lymphangiosarcoma. Stabilization of disease process for intervals up to 5 years occurred in 20 patients with sarcomas. The records of 14 Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas treated with HMM were also reviewed. Two of these patients had complete responses while partial responses were noted in 10 others. Although a variety of dosages were used, all responses were at doses of 8 mg/kg and almost all occurred within 30 days of initiation of therapy. Responses were observed in 5 lymphoma patients who had had prior alkylating‐agent therapy. At the doses used (up to 12 mg/kg), only 17% of the patients had white blood counts less than 3,000, and only 4% had platelet counts below 50,000. Moderate to severe gastrointestinal toxicity limited therapy in 48% of patients.
Effective combination chemotherapy of adult malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic medullary reticulosis)
Authors: Cabanillas Fernando , Rodriguez Victorio , Valdivieso Manuel , Butler James J. , Burke Jerome S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdult malignant histiocytosis, also known as histiocytic medullary reticulosis, has been, in the past, considered a very aggressive disorder usually resistant to chemotherapy. Management in the past has included either single agent therapy or splenectomy. Recently, several cases have been reported that have responded favorably to combination chemotherapy. This paper reports on our experience with combination chemotherapy for this disorder. Of three patients treated, all three responded with a complete remission and two remain alive and free of disease at the present time. The outlook for patients with this diagnosis appears to be changing favorably with the advent of new treatment regimens.
Mitomycin‐C alone and in combination with infused 5‐fluorouracil in the treatment of disseminated gastrointestinal carcinomas
Authors: Buroker Thomas R. , Kim Paik N. , Baker Laurence H. , Ratanatharathorn Voravit , Wojtaszak Bonnie , Vaitkevicius Vainutis K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred and thirty‐two previously untreated patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract were randomized to receive either a 120‐hr infusion of 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) with mitomycin‐C or mitomycin‐C alone. Superiority of the combination treatment was demonstrated with remissions in 30 out of 82 (37%) patients versus 9 out of 50 (18%) with the single drug treatment (P = 0.02). The median survival with 5FU—mitomycin‐C was 29 weeks, as opposed to 20 weeks with mitomycin‐C alone (P = 0.03). The combination produced significantly more severe myelotoxicity than the single drug, and jaundiced patients experienced more myelosuppression than non‐jaundiced patients with both treatments.
Calcinosis in nonparathyroid malignant disease: An unusual case report and clinicopathologic review of 17 cases
Authors: Hall Stephen W. , Luna Mario A. , Bedrossian Doctorcarlos , Rodriguez Victorio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn unusual finding of systemic calcinosis in a patient with a nonparathyroid malignant neoplasm stimulated us to do a clinicopathologic review of similar cases at our institution in the past seven years. Of 3,268 autopsies performed from 1968 to 1975, a total of 17 cases of calcinosis were found, 11 with solid tumors and 6 with hematopoietic neoplasms. Calcinosis was most prominent in the lung, kidney, heart, and stomach and was rarely discovered prior to death. Eighty‐two percent of the patients had hypercalcemia and 53% had associated bony metastatic disease. Corticosteroid or phosphate treatment for the hypercalcemia may have contributed to the tissue deposition of calcium. Significant hepatic, renal, metabolic, and pulmonary dysfunctions were also associated with this disorder. Thirty‐six percent of the patients had hypercalcemia without skeletal involvement; tumor‐produced para‐thormone‐like substances may be responsible for these calcium abnomalities. Calcinosis was a significant complication of neoplastic disease in these patients and contributed to morbidity and mortality.
Therapeutic leukopheresis of acute myelo‐monocytic leukemia in pregnancy
Authors: Meyer Richard J. , Cuttner Janet , Truog Peter , Ambinder Edward P. , Holland James F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytopheresis techniques have proven useful in the provision of platelets and granulocytes for transfusion to the pancytopenic patient. Mechanical cell removal has been applied to the treatment of chronic myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemias and the Sezary syndrome. We have treated a 16‐year‐old pregnant acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) patient for 12 weeks solely with the use of intensive leukopheresis utilizing batch processing centrifugation and packed red cell transfusions. The patient presented with a white blood cell count of 54,000/mm3 with 64% myelomonoblasts, a platelet count of 45,000/mm3, marked gingival hyperplasia, and splenomegaly. Patient had a normal spontaneous delivery of a 2.5‐kg male infant without complications. At the time of delivery, 12 weeks later, the white blood count had fallen to 4,900/mm3 with 8% blasts and the platelet count had risen to over 100,000/mm3. Gingival hyperplasia decreased and the patient felt well. We have treated an additional small group of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with high white counts with short term intensive leukopheresis followed by chemotherapy with promising results.
Hepatocellular carcinoma in a young woman with prolonged exposure to oral contraceptives
Authors: Gattanell Perry N. , Perloff Marjorie , Holland James F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of hepatocellular carcinoma in a young female is presented in which the apparent etiology was the use of oral contraceptives for 51/2 years. Sequential therapeutic trials with intraarterial 5‐fluorouracil, intraarterial adriamycin, and intravenous 1,3 bis[2‐chloroethyl]‐1‐nitrosourea (BCNU) were unsuccessful. The adverse effects of oral contraceptives on the structure and function of hepatic tissue are reviewed.
Cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (NSC‐119875) in childhood malignancies: A southwest oncology group study
Authors: Nitschke Ruprecht , Starling Kenneth A. , Vats Tribhawan , Bryan Hugh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChildren with malignancies resistant to conventional therapy were treated with cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (PDD), 1 5 to 20 mg/m2, given daily by rapid intravenous infusion for 5 days at 3‐wk intervals. Eleven of 24 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) received two or more courses; among these no remissions occurred. Fifty‐four children with solid tumors were treated: 25 neuroblastoma, 9 rhabdomyosarcoma, 4 Ewing sarcoma, 2 testicular embryonal carcinoma, 2 retinoblastoma, and 12 miscellaneous tumors. One complete remission, 3 partial remissions, and 2 improvements were observed in children with neuroblastoma. One girl with metastatic osteogenic sarcoma achieved a partial remission. One child with metastatic testicular embryonal carcinoma showed improvement. The side effects were vomiting controlled by antiemetics in 26 children and transient elevations of serum creatinine and BUN in 14 children. Nineteen of 39 children with solid tumors, who received more than one course of PDD, had moderately severe myelosuppression caused by PDD. In summary, PDD is a promising agent in neuroblastoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and testicular embryonal carcinoma, and an ineffective agent in ALL. The effect of PDD on other types of solid tumors should be evaluated in the future.
κ light chain — myeloma associated with adult Fanconi syndrome: Response of the nephropathy to treatment of myeloma
Authors: Gailani Salman , Seon Byeong‐Kuk , Henderson Edward S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe association of Bence Jones proteinuria with adult Fanconi syndrome has been reported in a small number of patients. The nephropathy and the Bence Jones proteinuria often precede by several years the diagnosis of frank myeloma.A 39‐year‐old woman developed renal glucosuria 2.5 years prior to the diagnosis of a plasma cell disease characterized by k Bence Jones proteinuria, osteolytic lesions, and histologically proven plasmacytomas. Serum phosphorus of 1.1–2.1 mg/dl and uric acid of 1.3–1.6 mg/dl were compatible with Fanconi syndrome. Glucosuria was constantly present, while the glucose tolerance test was normal. Urinary β2 microglobulin (β2M) excretion was up to 135 mg/24 hours (normal less than 0.14 mg), indicating failure of tubular absorption of this protein. Amino‐aciduria was noted. The patient's myeloma responded to irradiation followed by melphalan plus prednisone and vincristine; the result was a marked reduction of the Bence Jones proteinuria. Some of the manifestations of the Fanconi syndrome disappeared, while the others were markedly reduced; this included disappearance of the glucosuria, elevation of the serum phosphorus and uric acid to normal, decrease of the urinary amino acid excretion to the normal range in 11 of the 14 amino acids tested, and decrease in the β2 M excretion to 5.4 mg/24 hours. The response of the Fanconi syndrome to the treatment of myeloma supports the view that the nephropathy is due to the myeloma process, probably through renal tubular injury induced by Bence Jones proteinuria.
Relapse of Hodgkin disease after extended‐field radiotherapy
Authors: Horner Richard J. , Chaffey John T. , Rosenthal David S. , Moloney William C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirteen relapses occurred among 51 consecutive surgically staged patients with I, IIA, and IIIA Hodgkin disease who achieved complete remission following extended‐field radiotherapy.The median disease‐free interval was 14 months, but three disseminated relapses occurred at 36, 36, and 39 months. In 6 of the 13 cases, relapses occurred within treated fields. Relapse frequency was greater with advancing stage, but was not related to histology. In 9 of 12 evaluable cases the patients achieved complete remission with MOPPMOPP: mustargen, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone (12).
combination chemotherapy. All responders continue in complete remission a median time of 23 months after completing MOPP.This report emphasizes the need for sustained, close follow‐up after radical radiotherapy and the excellent response rate of relapsed patients to MOPP combination chemotherapy.
L‐asparaginase‐induced coagulopathy during therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Sills Richard H. , Nelson Douglas A. , Stockman James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractL‐Asparaginase‐induced coagulation abnormalities were observed in all patients receiving this drug. All patients studied demonstrated low factor IX and fibrinogen levels and most (75%) had low levels of factor XI. Disturbances in other factors were much less frequent. Despite the presence of markedly abnormal coagulation studies, clinical bleeding was not observed.
Chemoimmunotherapy of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Krutchik Allan N. , Sullivan Charles , Sinkovics Joseph G. , Ayala Alberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSarcomatoid renal adenocarcinomas are rare, invariably fatal tumors. There is only one report of treatment of this tumor with chemotherapy. We report a case of an advanced sarcomatoid renal adenocarcinoma treated with chemo‐immunotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), DTIC, BCG, and sarcoma viral oncolysate. The patient had an objective response with a marked reduction in the size of the tumor mass. The residual tumor was removed surgically, and the patient remains in complete remission two years after the diagnosis was made.
The lack of correlation of gallium (67Ga) scans with known prognostic indicators in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Zuraw Margaret S. , Ko Benjamin , Siddiqui Aslam , Weetman Robert M. , Baehner Robert L. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract67Gallium‐citrate scans were performed on 45 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at the time of diagnosis. The extent of uptake and distribution of gallium were compared to known prognostic indicators of age, initial white count, and bone marrow lymphoblast immune markers (T, B, and null cell). Selective increased uptake was noted in bone, kidney, liver/spleen, lymph nodes, or other sites in 29 patients, and 16 patients had “normal” scans. A scoring system giving one point for selective uptake in each organ system was used. Patients were grouped according to scores of zero, 1–2, and 3 or greater. There was no significant correlation found between total gallium scores and any of the three prognostic indicators. There was also no significant correlation when prognostic factors were compared to uptake in the individual organ systems except that T cell disease was associated with a significantly greater propensity for lymph node uptake. There was a suggestion that children with “normal” gallium scans may have a better long‐term prognosis, since 6 of 7 nonrelapsers observed for longer than 18 months had scores of zero at diagnosis compared to 4 of 6 early deaths with scores greater than zero. This study indicates that the 67Ga scan does not significantly correlate with known prognostic indicators, with the possible exception of lymph node uptake in T cell disease, and its value as an independent indicator of long‐term survival will require longer follow‐up.
Metastatic ewing sarcoma to the heart simulating adriamycin cardiotoxicity
Authors: Raafat Jahangir , Brown James A. , Oster Martin W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 20‐year‐old man with metastatic Ewing Sarcoma developed severe congestive heart failure. Because he had been treated with a large amount of Adriamycin, the diagnosis was initially thought to be Adriamycin cardiotoxicity. However, ante‐ and post‐mortem studies revealed the presence of massive cardiac metastases. At post‐mortem, there was no evidence of Adriamycin cardiotoxicity. This case emphasizes that cardiac metastases must be consideredin the differential diagnosis of heart failure in patients treated with Adriamycin.
Safety of delayed leucovorin “rescue” following high‐dose methotrexate in children
Authors: Camitta Bruce M. , Holcenberg John S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) with leucovorin (CF) “rescue” is being investigated for treatment of many malignant tumors. CF is usually begun 2 hours after ending the HDMTX infusion. However, since CF and methotrexate compete for the same cellular transport system, at high extracellular methotrexate concentrations it may be impossible to “rescue” cells with CF. A regimen of HDMTX with delayed leucovorin “rescue” was therefore designed. In this program, a 6‐hour infusion of methotrexate (7.5 gm/m2) was followed 24 hours later by leucovorin “rescue.” Nine patients with osteogenic sarcoma received 115 courses of this treatment. Toxicity was minimal. Plasma methotrexate values were identical to those following early CF “rescue” regimens.HDMTX with delayed “rescue” is well tolerated. Although theoretically sound, further studies are needed to determine its efficacy in comparison to standard early “rescue” regimens.