bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and expression of the Hex 110 gene encoding a glutamine‐rich hexamerin in the honey bee, Apis mellifera
Authors: Bitondi Márcia M.G. , Nascimento Adriana M. , Cunha Adriana D. , Guidugli Karina R. , Nunes Francis M.F. , Simões Zilá L.P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn N‐terminal amino acid sequence of a previously reported honey bee hexamerin, HEX 110 [Danty et al., Insect Biochem Mol Biol 28:387–397 (1998)], was used as reference to identify the predicted genomic sequence in a public GenBank database. In silico analysis revealed an ORF of 3,033 nucleotides that encompasses eight exons. The conceptual translation product is a glutamine‐rich polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 112.2 kDa and pI of 6.43, which contains the conserved M and C hemocyanin domains. Semiquantitative and quantitative RT‐PCR with specific primers allowed for an analysis of mRNA levels during worker bee development and under different physiological conditions. Concomitantly, the abundance of the respective polypeptide in the hemolymph was examined by SDS‐PAGE. Hex 110 transcripts were found in high levels during the larval stages, then decreased gradually during the pupal stage, and increased again in adults. HEX 110 subunits were highly abundant in larval hemolymph, decreased at the spinning‐stage, and remained at low levels in pupae and adults. In 5th instar larvae, neither starvation nor supplementation of larval food with royal jelly changed the Hex 110 transcript levels or the amounts of HEX 110 subunit in hemolymph. In adult workers, high levels of Hex 110 mRNA, but not of the respective subunit, were related to ovary activation, and also to the consumption of a pollen‐rich diet. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 63:57–72, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixture Models as a Method to Find Present and Divergent Genes in Comparative Genomic Hybridization Studies on Bacteria
Authors: Feten Guri , Almøy Trygve , Snipen Lars , Aakra Ågot , Nyquist O. Ludvig , Aastveit Are H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractComparative genomic hybridization (CGH) using microarrays is performed on bacteria in order to test for genomic diversity within various bacterial species. The microarrays used for CGH are based on the genome of a fully sequenced bacterium strain, denoted reference strain. Labelled DNA fragments from a sample strain of interest and from the reference strain are hybridized to the array. Based on the obtained ratio intensities and the total intensities of the signals, each gene is classified as either present (one copy or multiple copies) or divergent (zero copies).In this paper mixture models with different number of components are tted on different combinations of variables and compared with each other. The study shows that mixture models fitted on both the ratio intensities and the total intensities including the replicates for each gene improve, compared to previously published methods, the results for several of the data sets tested. Some summaries of the data sets are proposed as a guide for the choice of model and the choice of number of components.The models are applied on data from CGH experiments with the bacteriaStaphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus pneumoniae. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ligand–DNA interaction in a nanocage of reverse micelle
Authors: Sarkar Rupa , Pal Samir Kumar 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have studied intercalation of ethidium bromide (EB) to genomic DNA encapsulated in a nanospace of an anionic AOT reverse micelle (RM). Circular dichroism (CD) study on the DNA in the RM reveals its condensed form. Here, we have used temporal decay‐associated spectra (DAS) and time‐resolved area normalized emission spectral (TRANES) techniques to investigate EB‐binding to condensed DNA because the interference of emission from unbound EB in the RM makes conventional steady state and picosecond resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques challenging. The binding affinity of the ligand EB with the DNA in the RM is found to increase with the size of the RM, reflecting the effect of lessening of DNA condensation on the binding affinity. CD spectra of the DNA in the RM with various sizes indicate the structural change of the condensed DNA with reverse micellar size. DAS and TRANES techniques along with dynamic light scattering studies of the EB‐DNA complex in the RM further reveal two kinds of binding modes of the ligand with the condensed DNA even in essentially monodispersed RMs. To investigate the role of RM on the ligand binding and secondary structure of the DNA, we have also studied complexation of EB with two synthetic self‐complimentary oligonucleotides of sequences (CGCAAATTTGCG)2 and (CGCGCGCGCGCG)2 in the RM. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 675–686, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Allele frequency distributions of Apo B VNTR locus in Cukurova, Turkey
Authors: Yalin Erdinc , Attila Gulen , Yalin Serap , Aksoy Kıymet 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe highly polymorphic minisatellites contain a variable number of tandemly repeated (VNTR) DNA sequences. They are extremely useful and informative markers to study genetic variation among human populations. We have analysed the allele frequency distribution at the highly polymorphic apolipoprotein B (Apo B) VNTR locus in order to obtain the population data for the Cukurova region in Turkey by using the polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We observed 10 different alleles and 21 genotypes in a sample of 100 unrelated individuals. The allele frequencies ranged from 0.01 to 0.4, with an expected heterozygosity of 0.69 for the Apo B locus. Alleles 37 (frequency = 0.4) and 35 (frequency = 0.17) were the most common in the Cukurova population. There was a significant deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for genotype frequencies (χ2 = 29.12; df = 1; p = 0.000). This study possesses novelty as it is the first DNA polymorphism study conducted at the Cukurova population using an Apo B minisatellite locus. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lysophosphatidylcholine promotes cholesterol efflux from mouse macrophage foam cells via PPARγ‐LXRα‐ABCA1‐dependent pathway associated with apoE
Authors: Hou Mengjun , Xia Min , Zhu Huilian , Wang Qing , Li Yan , Xiao Yongmei , Zhao Ting , Tang Zhihong , Ma Jing , Ling Wenhua 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFormation of macrophage‐derived foam cells is a hallmark in earlier stages of atherosclerosis (AS). Increased cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells promote atherosclerotic regression. In the present study, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells was observed, and the mechanism underlying the action was investigated. Macrophage foam cells from mice were incubated with different concentrations of LPC (10, 20, 40, 80 µM), and the free cholesterol in medium increased but total intracellular cholesterol decreased. At the same time, the expression of PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1 was enhanced in a dose‐dependent manner. The treatment of macrophage foam cells with 40 µM LPC for 12, 24 and 48 h promoted cellular cholesterol efflux in a time‐dependent manner, meanwhile expression of PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1 was also raised respectively. Addition of different specific inhibitors of PPARγ (GW9662), LXRα (GGPP), ABCA1 (DIDS) to the foam cells significantly suppressed LPC‐induced cholesterol efflux. Also treatment with specific inhibitors of PPARγ or LXRα decreased ABCA1 mRNA and protein expressions. LPC (40 µM)‐induced cholesterol efflux was significantly lower in macrophage foam cells from apoE deficient mice than from normal C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, 10 µg apoAI‐induced cholesterol efflux from foam cells remained in apoE deficient mice. The present results indicate that LPC promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells via a PPARγ‐LXRα‐ABCA1‐dependent pathway. Furthermore, apoE may be involved in this process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysing the operation of the basic pass transistor structure
Authors: Nikolaidis Spiridon , Nikolaidis Theodoros 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPass transistor logic has become important for the design of low‐power high‐performance digital circuits due to the smaller node capacitances and reduced transistors count it offers. However, the acceptance and application of this logic depends on the availability of supporting automation tools, e.g. timing simulators, that can accurately analyse the performance of large circuits at a speed, significantly faster than that of SPICE based tools. In this paper, a simple and robust modelling technique for the basic pass transistor structure is presented, which offers the possibility of fast timing analysis for circuits that employ pass transistors as controlled switches. The proposed methodology takes advantage of the physical mechanisms in the pass transistor operation. The obtained accuracy compared to SPICE simulation results is sufficient for a wide range of input and circuit parameters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Timing control for delay‐constrained data aggregation in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Li Hong , Yu HongYi , Yang BaiWei , Liu Ana 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTiming control for delay‐constrained data aggregation is critical for improving the performance of a wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose an adaptive timing control (ATC) mechanism to determine the proper time for data aggregation and forwarding. Given the maximum delay requirements of an application, the ATC mechanism determines the aggregation time for sensor nodes based on both the locations of the nodes and the number of children in the data aggregation tree. The nodes with more children are allocated a longer waiting time. The ATC mechanism maximizes the opportunity for data aggregation and ensures sufficient time to process data from the children. Analytical and simulation results show that the ATC mechanism leads to a higher data delivery rate and lower energy costs compared with existing similar algorithms. Moreover, since a lot of data packets can arrive at the sink earlier, the ATC mechanism is capable of responding more quickly to users. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A taxonomy of distributed query management techniques for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Chatterjea S. , Havinga P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the not too distant future, wireless sensor networks are envisioned to proliferate through the entire spectrum of the ‘environmental monitoring’ market allowing users to monitor a multitude of environments. Thousands or even millions of sensor nodes may span vast geographical areas enabling various environmental parameters to be monitored with significantly higher spatial and temporal resolutions than what is achievable using existing monitoring technologies. In order to manage the large amount of data that will be generated by these numerous sensor nodes, novel querying methods are needed to extract the required information in an energy‐efficient manner. This paper studies the techniques used to manage the queries in a distributed manner and classifies the current state‐of‐the‐art in this field into four main categories: in‐network processing, acquisitional query processing, cross‐layer optimization and data‐centric data/query dissemination. This taxonomy not only illustrates how query management techniques have advanced over the recent past, but also allows researchers to identify the relevant features when designing sensor networks for different applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Migration of immature mouse DC across resting endothelium is mediated by ICAM‐2 but independent of β2‐integrins and murine DC‐SIGN homologues
Authors: Wethmar Klaus , Helmus Yvonne , Lühn Kerstin , Jones Claire , Laskowska Anna , Varga Georg , Grabbe Stephan , Lyck Ruth , Engelhardt Britta , Bixel M. Gabriele , Butz Stefan , Loser Karin , Beissert Stefan , Ipe Ute , Vestweber Dietmar , Wild Martin K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractImmature dendritic cells (DC) reside in tissues where they initiate immune responses by taking up foreign antigens. Since DC have a limited tissue half‐life, the DC pool in tissues has to be replenished constantly. This implies that precursor/immature DC must be able to cross non‐activated endothelium using as yet unknown mechanisms. Here we show that immature, but not mature bone marrow‐derived murine DC migrate across resting endothelial monolayers in vitro. We find that endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule‐2 (ICAM‐2) is a major player in transendothelial migration (TEM) of immature DC, accounting for at least 41% of TEM. Surprisingly, the ICAM‐2‐mediated TEM was independent of β2‐integrins, the known ICAM‐2 ligands, since neither blocking of β2‐integrins with antibodies nor the use of CD18‐deficient DC affected the ICAM‐2‐specific TEM. In humans, the C‐type lectin DC‐specific ICAM‐3‐grabbing nonintegrin (DC‐SIGN) was shown to interact with ICAM‐2, suggesting a similar role in mice. However, we find that none of the murine DC‐SIGN homologues mDC‐SIGN, murine DC‐SIGN‐related molecule‐1 (mSIGN‐R1) and mSIGN‐R3 is expressed on the surface of bone marrow‐derived mouse DC. Taken together, this study shows that ICAM‐2 strongly supports transmigration of immature DC across resting endothelium by interacting with ligands that are distinct from β2‐integrins and DC‐SIGN homologues.
Synthesis and Some Properties of Bis(ruthenocenyl)thiophene Derivatives – Possible Spin‐Coupling in the Two‐Electron Oxidized Species of Dinuclear Ruthenocenes Bridged by Thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Sato Masaru , Kubota Yusuke , Tanemura Atsushi , Maruyama Genta , Fujihara Takashi , Nakayama Juzo , Takayanagi Toshiyuki , Takahashi Kenta , Unoura Kei 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe binuclear ruthenocene derivatives bridged by thiophene, 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene, 2,2′‐bithiophene, thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene, or 3,6‐dimethylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophene were prepared by the Suzuki coupling of 2‐ruthenocenyl‐4,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐dioxaborolane with the corresponding diiodo compounds. In addition, thiophene‐ and bithiophene‐bridged binuclear pentamethylruthenocenes were prepared by the reaction of bis(pentamethylruthenocenyl)diyne and‐tetrayne with NaSH, respectively. The cyclic voltammogramsof these complexes exhibit one‐step two‐electron redox waves in the lower potential region (0–0.3 V versus FcH/FcH+). The two‐electron oxidized species of the thiophene‐bridged binuclear ruthenocene derivatives are comparatively stable and adopt the spin‐coupled and structurally isomerized fulvene complex‐type structure. The solid structure of the oxidized species of bis(pentamethylruthenocenyl)thiophene was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐bridged analog shows a temperature‐dependent 1H NMR spectrum in CD3NO2. The dicationic species exist as a RuII–RuIV mixed‐valence species in CD3CN.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Binuclear Isocyanide Azadithiolatoiron Complex Relevant to the Active Site of Fe‐Only Hydrogenases: Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Hou Jun , Peng Xiaojun , Liu Jifeng , Gao Yunling , Zhao Xing , Gao Shang , Han Keli 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn aromatic isocyanide‐substituted diiron complex5has been synthesized as a mimic for the active site of Fe‐only hydrogenases. Its structure has been fully characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The 4‐iodophenylisocyanide ligands in5are in the basal positions and are nearly parallel to each other, with π–π stacking interactions. Four isomeric geometries of complex5have been optimized by DFT calculations, and the electrochemical properties of5have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry in the absence and presence ofp‐toluenesulfonic acid (HOTs). Analysis of the cyclic voltammetric curve indicates that the reduction event at about–1.43 V is electrocatalytically active to proton reduction. This potential is more positive than that of any functionalized propanedithiolatodiiron complex. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Selective Phosphoramidite Cleavage as a Route to Novel Chiral and Achiral Pentacoordinated Nickel(II) PNP Pincer Complexes
Authors: Benito‐Garagorri David , Mereiter Kurt , Kirchner Karl 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTreatment of NiBr2(DME) (DME = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane) or anhydrous NiBr2 with 2 equiv. of PNP pincer ligands featuring phosphoramidites in CH2Cl2 yields the novel neutral pentacoordinate complexes [Ni(PNP){κ1(P)‐R2P=O}Br]. Over the course of this reaction the P–N bonds of the phosphoramidite units of one PNP ligand are selectively cleaved due to hydrolysis affording an anionic κ1‐(P)‐coordinated phosphinite ligand [R2P=O]–, while a second PNP ligand remains intact and is coordinated in a κ3‐(P,N,P) fashion. The X‐ray structure of one [Ni(PNP){κ1(P)‐PR2=O}Br] complex has been determined.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Structural Studies of [CpMoL2(CO)2]+ (L = NCMe, L2 = 2,2′‐biimidazole) Complexes and Their Inclusion Compounds with Cyclodextrins
Authors: Pereira Cláudia C. L. , Braga Susana S. , Paz Filipe A. Almeida , Pillinger Martyn , Klinowski Jacek , Gonçalves Isabel S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractProtonation of [CpMo(η3‐C3H5)(CO)2] followed by addition of acetonitrile or 2,2′‐biimidazole (H2biim) gave the complexes [CpMo(NCMe)2(CO)2](BF4) (1) and [CpMo(H2biim)(CO)2](BF4) (2) in good yields. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction in the orthorhombic Pbca and triclinic P$\bar {1}$ space groups, respectively. Both complexes have similar metal ion coordination environments, which can be envisaged as slightly distorted pseudo‐square pyramids, a coordination geometry commonly compared with a four‐legged piano stool. The two complexes were immobilised in native and permethylated β‐cyclodextrins (β CD and TRIMEB) by methods tailored according to the stabilities and solubilities of the individual components and this gave four adducts with a 1:1 host/guest stoichiometry. The formation of true inclusion compounds was supported by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), 13C{1H} CP/MAS NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. In the case of the TRIMEB adduct containing complex 1, the crystal packing arrangement is markedly similar to that previously reported for the corresponding 1:1 TRIMEB adducts of the neutral guests [CpMoX(CO)3] (X = Cl, CH2CONH2), featuring columns in which the macrocycles are arranged along the b axis in a tilted fashion.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Transformation of Esters into 2‐Substituted Allyl Halides via Tertiary Cyclopropanols: Application in the Stereoselective Synthesis of (2S,3S,7S)‐3,7‐Dimethyl‐2‐pentadecyl Acetate, the Sex Pheromone of the Pine Sawfly Neodiprion sertifer
Authors: Bekish Andrei V. , Prokhorevich Konstantin N. , Kulinkovich Oleg G. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract(2S,3S,7S)‐3,7‐Dimethyl‐2‐pentadecyl acetate (ac‐1), the sex pheromone of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer, has been newly synthesized by the transformation of the corresponding esters 8 and 12 into 2‐oxyalkyl‐substituted allyl bromides 4 and 5 via tertiary cyclopropanols 6 and 7. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Easily Accessible Chiral Imidazolinium Salts Bearing Two Hydroxy‐Containing Substituents as Shift Reagents and Carbene Precursors
Authors: Jurčík Václav , Gilani Mazhar , Wilhelm René 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe behavior of new enantiopure imidazolinium salts bearing two hydroxy‐containing substituents as chiral shift reagents and as carbene precursors for diethylzinc addition to aldehydes is presented. The new hydroxy‐containing imidazolinium salts can be prepared in a few steps from amino alcohols and qualify as new tridentate ligands and ionic liquids.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Mannich and O‐Alkylation Reactions of Tetraalkoxyresorcin[4]arenes – The Use of Some Products in Ligand‐Assisted Reactions
Authors: Buckley Benjamin R. , Boxhall Jonathan Y. , Page Philip C. Bulman , Chan Yohan , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Heaney Harry , Holmes Kathryn E. , McIldowie Matthew J. , McKee Vickie , McGrath Matthew J. , Mocerino Mauro , Poulton Andrew M. , Sampler Edward P. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe measurement of the pKa of racemic tetramethoxyresorcin[4]arenes explains the failure to obtain good yields in attempted Mannich reactions of these substrates under classical reaction conditions. The failure is related to the lack of adequate concentrations of the iminium ions that results from the reduced acid strength of tetraalkoxyresorcin[4]arenes compared with that of the parent octahydroxyresorcin[4]arenes. However, the preparation of a series of Mannich bases derived from racemic tetraalkoxyresorcin[4]arenes was accomplished under microwave‐assisted aprotic reaction conditions and the use of preformed iminium ion intermediates. When the reactions were carried out with the use of chiral bis(aminol) ethers, mixtures of diastereomers were obtained that could be separated by flash chromatography. The absolute configurations of the enantiomerically pure tetrabenzoxazine derivatives were established in some cases by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and by a comparison of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. The alkylation of racemic tetramethoxyresorcin[4]arenes was achieved with the use of an excess of 2‐bromo‐N‐[(R)‐(+)‐(α‐methylbenzyl)]acetamide in acetonitrile containing potassium carbonate. Enantioselective ligand‐assisted reactions of aromatic aldehydes are also reported with the use of dialkylzinc reagents both in the absence and in the presence of terminal alkynes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: An Efficient Catalyst for the Ring‐Opening Reaction of Aziridine with Acid Anhydride
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Ye Shengqing , Wu Jie 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA N‐heterocyclic carbene serves as an efficient catalyst for the regioselective ring‐opening reactions of aziridines in the presence of acid anhydrides to afford the desired products in good to excellent yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
WTDWTR: What To Do With This Reaction? A New Program in the Field of Computer‐Aided Synthesis Design – Application to the Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Barone René , Attolini Mireille , Arbelot Michel , Chanon Michel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe present WTDWTR (What To Do With This Reaction?), which is a new program in the field of computer‐aided organic synthesis. WTDWTR tries to answer the question: what kind of structures can be obtained from a given reaction? We present the results that were obtained for the Diels–Alder reaction of structures that possess four fused rings of size 6, 6, 6 and 5 (“isomers” of the steroidal skeleton) for which WTDWTR generated 590 solutions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Migrastatin
Authors: Reymond Sébastien , Cossy Janine 
Published: September 2006

Abstract(+)‐Migrastatin, an antimetastatic agent, was synthesized by using three ruthenium‐catalyzed metathesis reactions: a ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) to control the (Z)‐trisubstituted double bond at C11–C12, another RCM at C6–C7 to establish the macrolactone core, and a cross‐metathesis to install the glutarimide side chain at C16–C17. The stereogenic centers at C9, C10, C13, and C14 were introduced by using two stereoselective crotylmetalations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)