bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitting solid meshes to animated surfaces using linear elasticity
Authors: Choi Jaeil , Szymczak Andrzej 
Published: February 2009

Computing correspondence between time frames of a time-dependent 3D surface is essential for the understanding of its motion and deformation. In particular, it can be a useful tool in compression, editing, texturing, or analysis of the physical or structural properties of deforming objects. However, correspondence information is not trivial to obtain for experimentally acquired 3D animations, such as time-dependent visual hulls (typically represented as either a binary occupancy grid or as a sequence of meshes of varying connectivity).
In this article we present a new nonrigid fitting method that can compute such correspondence information for objects that do not undergo large volume or topological changes, such as living creatures. Experimental results show that it is robust enough to handle visual hull data, allowing to convert it into a constant connectivity mesh with vertices moving in time. Our procedure first creates a rest-state mesh from one of the input frames. This rest-state mesh is then fitted to the consecutive frames. We do this by iteratively displacing its vertices so that a combination of surface distance and elastic potential energy is minimized. A novel rotation compensation method enables us to obtain high-quality results with linear elasticity, even in presence of significant bending.
Data-driven curvature for real-time line drawing of dynamic scenes
Authors: Kalogerakis Evangelos , Nowrouzezahrai Derek , Simari Patricio , Mccrae James , Hertzmann Aaron , Singh Karan 
Published: February 2009

This article presents a method for real-time line drawing of deforming objects. Object-space line drawing algorithms for many types of curves, including suggestive contours, highlights, ridges, and valleys, rely on surface curvature and curvature derivatives. Unfortunately, these curvatures and their derivatives cannot be computed in real-time for animated, deforming objects. In a preprocessing step, our method learns the mapping from a low-dimensional set of animation parameters (e.g., joint angles) to surface curvatures for a deforming 3D mesh. The learned model can then accurately and efficiently predict curvatures and their derivatives, enabling real-time object-space rendering of suggestive contours and other such curves. This represents an order-of-magnitude speedup over the fastest existing algorithm capable of estimating curvatures and their derivatives accurately enough for many different types of line drawings. The learned model can generalize to novel animation sequences and is also very compact, typically requiring a few megabytes of storage at runtime. We demonstrate our method for various types of animated objects, including skeleton-based characters, cloth simulation, and blend-shape facial animation, using a variety of nonphotorealistic rendering styles.
An important component of our system is the use of dimensionality reduction for differential mesh data. We show that Independent Component Analysis (ICA) yields localized basis functions, and gives superior generalization performance to that of Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
Strong Convergence of a Modified Halpern's Iteration for Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Hu Liang-Gen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to consider that a modified Halpern's iterative sequence "Equation missing" converges strongly to a fixed point of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces which have a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. Our result is an extension of the corresponding results.
Interaction between Tobacco and Alcohol Use and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: Pooled Analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium
Authors: Hashibe Mia , Brennan Paul , Chuang Shu-chun , Boccia Stefania , Castellsague Xavier , Chen Chu , Curado Maria Paula , Dal Maso Luigino , Daudt Alexander W. , Fabianova Eleonora , Fernandez Leticia , Wünsch-Filho Victor , Franceschi Silvia , Hayes Richard B. , Herrero Rolando , Kelsey Karl , Koifman Sergio , La Vecchia Carlo , Lazarus Philip , Levi Fabio , Lence Juan J. , Mates Dana , Matos Elena , Menezes Ana , McClean Michael D. , Muscat Joshua , Eluf-Neto Jose , Olshan Andrew F. , Purdue Mark , Rudnai Peter , Schwartz Stephen M. , Smith Elaine , Sturgis Erich M. , Szeszenia-Dabrowska Neonilia , Talamini Renato , Wei Qingyi , Winn Deborah M. , Shangina Oxana , Pilarska Agnieszka , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Ferro Gilles , Berthiller Julien , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Background: The magnitude of risk conferred by the interaction between tobacco and alcohol use on the risk of head and neck cancers is not clear because studies have used various methods to quantify the excess head and neck cancer burden.
Methods: We analyzed individual-level pooled data from 17 European and American case-control studies (11,221 cases and 16,168 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. We estimated the multiplicative interaction parameter (ψ) and population attributable risks (PAR).
Results: A greater than multiplicative joint effect between ever tobacco and alcohol use was observed for head and neck cancer risk (ψ = 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-3.04). The PAR for tobacco or alcohol was 72% (95% confidence interval, 61-79%) for head and neck cancer, of which 4% was due to alcohol alone, 33% was due to tobacco alone, and 35% was due to tobacco and alcohol combined. The total PAR differed by subsite (64% for oral cavity cancer, 72% for pharyngeal cancer, 89% for laryngeal cancer), by sex (74% for men, 57% for women), by age (33% for cases &lt;45 years, 73% for cases &gt;60 years), and by region (84% in Europe, 51% in North America, 83% in Latin America).
Conclusions: Our results confirm that the joint effect between tobacco and alcohol use is greater than multiplicative on head and neck cancer risk. However, a substantial proportion of head and neck cancers cannot be attributed to tobacco or alcohol use, particularly for oral cavity cancer and for head and neck cancer among women and among young-onset cases. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):541–50)
Disparities in How Parents Are Learning about the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
Authors: Hughes Jessica , Cates Joan R. , Liddon Nicole , Smith Jennifer S. , Gottlieb Sami L. , Brewer Noel T. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Background: Differential access to basic health information may contribute to persistent cervical cancer disparities. We examined whether human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine awareness, HPV knowledge, and use of information sources about the vaccine differ by sociodemographic characteristics associated with cervical cancer.
Methods: Study participants (n = 889) were caregivers of adolescent girls ages 10 to 18 years living in southeastern North Carolina. Analyses simultaneously controlled for caregivers' gender, race, age, education, income, and rural residence.
Results: Although most caregivers were aware of HPV (83%) and the HPV vaccine (82%), awareness differed by gender, race, education, and income. The largest differences were for race, with 87% of Whites versus 68% of African Americans having heard of the vaccine (P &lt; 0.001). Caregivers correctly answered an average of 69% of questions on HPV, with differences by race and education. Most respondents heard of the HPV vaccine through drug company advertisements (83%) or broadcast media coverage (69%). African Americans were less likely than Whites to have heard about the vaccine from advertisements but more likely from a broadcast source (P &lt; 0.05). Health care providers (88%) and the internet (65%) were the most favored sources for future information about the vaccine. Vaccine uptake was associated with awareness, knowledge, and media use.
Discussion: Whereas drug company advertisements seem to play a central role in high HPV vaccine awareness, doctors and the internet are the preferred future “go to” sources for seeking out information. Communication-based interventions for caregivers from cervical cancer risk groups, especially African Americans, may need to use different communication channels and content. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):363–72)
Reproductive and Hormonal Factors, and Ovarian Cancer Risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results from the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study
Authors: Antoniou Antonis C. , Rookus Matti , Andrieu Nadine , Brohet Richard , Chang-Claude Jenny , Peock Susan , Cook Margaret , Evans D. Gareth , Eeles Rosalind ,   EMBRACE, Nogues Catherine , Faivre Laurence , Gesta Paul ,   GENEPSO, van Leeuwen Flora E. , Ausems Margreet G.E.M. , Osorio Ana ,   GEO-HEBON, Caldes Trinidad , Simard Jacques , Lubinski Jan , Gerdes Anne-Marie , Olah Edith , Fürhauser Christine , Olsson Hakan , Arver Brita , Radice Paolo , Easton Douglas F. , Goldgar David E. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Background: Several reproductive and hormonal factors are known to be associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population, including parity and oral contraceptive (OC) use. However, their effect on ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers has only been investigated in a small number of studies.
Methods: We used data on 2,281 BRCA1 carriers and 1,038 BRCA2 carriers from the International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study to evaluate the effect of reproductive and hormonal factors on ovarian cancer risk for mutation carriers. Data were analyzed within a weighted Cox proportional hazards framework.
Results: There were no significant differences in the risk of ovarian cancer between parous and nulliparous carriers. For parous BRCA1 mutation carriers, the risk of ovarian cancer was reduced with each additional full-term pregnancy (P trend = 0.002). BRCA1 carriers who had ever used OC were at a significantly reduced risk of developing ovarian cancer (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence intervals, 0.37-0.73; P = 0.0002) and increasing duration of OC use was associated with a reduced ovarian cancer risk (P trend = 0.0004). The protective effect of OC use for BRCA1 mutation carriers seemed to be greater among more recent users. Tubal ligation was associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer for BRCA1 carriers (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence intervals, 0.22-0.80; P = 0.008). The number of ovarian cancer cases in BRCA2 mutation carriers was too small to draw definitive conclusions.
Conclusions: The results provide further confirmation that OC use, number of full-term pregnancies, and tubal ligation are associated with ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 carriers to a similar relative extent as in the general population. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):601–10)
Decreased Expression of Inhibitor of Growth 4 Correlated with Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Fang Feng , Luo Lai-Bang , Tao Yi-Ming , Wu Fan , Yang Lian-Yue 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: Inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) is a candidate tumor suppressor that plays an important role in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Here, we examined the expression of ING4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and analyzed its correlation with the progression of HCC.
Methods: Specimens from 136 HCC patients were determined immunohistochemically for ING4 expression. The correlation of ING4 levels with clinicopathologic variables, prognosis, and metastatic potential was analyzed. Among the 136 cases, 36 paired HCC and paracarcinomatous liver tissue specimens were analyzed for ING4 expression levels by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. MVD was determined by CD34 immunostaining to test whether it correlated with ING4 protein expression level.
Results: The ING4 mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower in HCC than paracarcinomatous liver tissue from both real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting (P = 0.039 and 0.012, respectively). Importantly, the ING4 protein level correlated with the Edmondson-Steiner grade (P = 0.035), vein invasion (P = 0.015), and microvessel density (P = 0.005). Survival and metastasis analysis indicated that HCC patients with lower ING4 expression had poorer overall survival and disease-free survival than those with high expression (P = 0.0001 and 0.0065; respectively). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the ING4 expression level was an independent factor for prognosis (hazard risk, 9.63; P = 0.001).
Conclusions: ING4 expression is down-regulated in HCC tissues. ING4 expression level correlates with prognosis and metastatic potential, which suggests that ING4 is a candidate prognostic marker of HCC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):409–16)
Social-Cognitive and School Factors in Initiation of Smoking among Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bidstrup Pernille Envold , Frederiksen Kirsten , Siersma Volkert , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Ross Lone , Vinther-Larsen Mathilde , Grønbæk Morten , Johansen Christoffer 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Aims: The aim of the present study was to examine the association between social-cognitive factors, school factors, and smoking initiation among adolescents who had never smoked.
Methods: The study was based on longitudinal data on Danish adolescents attending randomly selected public schools. Adolescents enrolled in grade 7 (mean age, 13 years) who had never smoked (n = 912) were followed up for 6 months after baseline. Those who had still never smoked were followed up again 18 months after baseline, in grade 8 (n = 442). Social-cognitive factors were examined with five measures: self-efficacy, social influence (norms), social influence (behavior), social influence (pressure), and attitude. We used multilevel analyses to estimate the associations between social-cognitive factors at baseline and smoking initiation as well as the random effects of school, school class, and gender group in the school class.
Results: At the first follow-up, we found significant associations between attitude, father's smoking, best friend's smoking, and smoking initiation. At the second follow-up, we found a significant association with pressure to smoke from friends. Of the school factors, gender group in the school class showed an effect at both first and second follow-up.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that father's smoking, best friend's smoking, attitude, and pressure to smoke from friends affect smoking initiation. The results for school factors suggest an effect of classmates of the same gender, which has not previously been examined longitudinally. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):384–92)
Sperm-Associated Antigen 9, a Novel Biomarker for Early Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: Kanojia Deepika , Garg Manoj , Gupta Samir , Gupta Anju , Suri Anil 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
To date, there have been no tumor biomarkers validated and incorporated into oncologic practice for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Recently, we showed that sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9), a member of cancer testis (CT) antigen family, is associated with ovarian carcinomas. In the present study, we investigated SPAG9 expression and humoral immune response in breast cancer. We further evaluated the diagnostic potential of autoantibodies to SPAG9 protein in various stages, grades, and histotypes of breast cancer. We analyzed the association of SPAG9 immunoreactivity score (IRS) with predicted risk of breast cancer recurrence over 10 years. Our reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed SPAG9 expression in 88% breast cancer specimens independent of tumor stages and grades. Further, the humoral immune response against SPAG9 was detected in 80% breast cancer patients with SPAG9-expressing tumors. The linear regression modeling predicted a direct relationship between presence of lymphovascular invasion and high SPAG9 IRS, whereas the univariate and multivariate logistic regression models predicted a strong association of SPAG9 IRS with tumor grade. Further, our data indicated a significant higher trend of SPAG9 IRS with the predicted high risk of breast cancer recurrence. The present investigation reports for the first time SPAG9 expression and humoral immune response in early stages and low-grade breast cancer. Although our data indicated that autoantibodies against SPAG9 represent a promising approach for the development of biomarker, further large-scale validation studies are required to establish its potential use in early diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer recurrence. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):630–9)
Vacations to Waterside Locations Result in Nevus Development in Colorado Children
Authors: Pettijohn Kelly J. , Asdigian Nancy L. , Aalborg Jenny , Morelli Joseph G. , Mokrohisky Stefan T. , Dellavalle Robert P. , Crane Lori A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Nevi are a main risk factor for malignant melanoma, and most nevi develop in childhood. This study examined the relationship between vacations and nevi in 681 White children born in 1998 who were lifetime residents of Colorado. Vacation histories were assessed through telephone interviews of parents, whereas nevus and phenotypic characteristics were assessed through skin exams at age 7. Multiple linear and logistic regression were used to assess the influence of vacations on counts of nevi &lt;2 mm in size and the presence of any nevi ≥2 mm after controlling for other variables. Each waterside vacation ≥1 year before the exam at age 7 was found to be associated with a 5% increase in nevi &lt;2 mm. Waterside vacations &lt;1 year before the skin exam were not related to nevus count (&lt;2 mm); regardless of timeframe, waterside vacations were not related to the presence of nevi ≥2 mm. UV dose received on waterside vacations, number of days spent on waterside vacations, and nonwaterside vacations were not significantly related to nevi &lt;2 or ≥2 mm. These results suggest that there is a lag of at least 1 year in the development of new nevi after vacation sun exposure. It appears that a threshold dose of UV exposure is received quickly on each waterside vacation. Parents of young children should exercise caution in selection of vacation locations to reduce melanoma risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):454–63)
Genetic Variation in the Androgen Receptor Gene and Endometrial Cancer Risk
Authors: Yang Hannah P. , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Lacey James V. , Brinton Louise A. , Lissowska Jolanta , Peplonska Beta , Chanock Stephen , Gaudet Mia M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGenetic variation in the androgen receptor (AR) gene may be associated with endometrial cancer risk based on the role of AR in regulating androgen levels. However, endometrial cancer studies reported inconsistent associations for a CAG repeat polymorphism in exon 1. Only one of these studies measured haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNP) in AR and found statistically nonsignificant, decreased associations with endometrial cancer risk. In a population-based case-control study of 497 cases and 1,024 controls, we examined the CAG repeat polymorphism and six htSNPs (rs962458, rs6152, rs1204038, rs2361634, rs1337080, and rs1337082), which cover an estimated 80% of the known common variation in AR among Caucasian populations. CAG repeat length was not significantly associated with endometrial cancer [odds ratio per unit increase in the average number of repeats, 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.08); Ptrend = 0.29]. Minor alleles in three correlated htSNPs (rs6152, rs1204038, and rs1337082; r2 &gt;0.6) were associated with increased risk for endometrial cancer. The strongest association was observed for rs6152, with the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) being 1.13 (0.89-1.44) for heterozygous and 2.40 (1.28-4.51) for homozygous minor genotypes (Ptrend = 0.02) compared with homozygous major allele genotype. However, these associations were not statistically significant after permutation adjustment for multiple comparisons (Ptrend &gt; 0.09). Haplotype analyses did not reveal any additional associations with endometrial cancer. Results from our study, taken together with previously published studies, provide little evidence of a consistent association between common genetic variation in AR and endometrial cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):585–9)
Meta Association of Colorectal Cancer Confirms Risk Alleles at 8q24 and 18q21
Authors: Curtin Karen , Lin Wei-Yu , George Rina , Katory Mark , Shorto Jennifer , Cannon-Albright Lisa A. , Bishop D. Timothy , Cox Angela , Camp Nicola J. ,   Colorectal Cancer Study Group
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) have identified genetic variants that reproducibly associate with CRC. Associations of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms at 8q24, 9p24, and 18q21 (SMAD7) and CRC were investigated in a three-center collaborative study including two U.K. case-control cohorts (Sheffield and Leeds) and a U.S. case-control study of CRC cases from high-risk Utah pedigrees.
Methods: Our combined resource included 1,092 CRC case subjects and 1,060 age- and sex-matched controls. Meta statistics and Monte Carlo significance testing using Genie software provided a valid combined analysis of our mixed independent and related case-control resource. We also evaluated whether these associations differed by sex, age at diagnosis, family history, or tumor site.
Results: At 8q24, we observed two independent significant associations at single nucleotide polymorphisms located in two different risk regions of 8q24: rs6983267 in region 3 [Ptrend = 0.01; per allele odds ratio (OR), 1.17; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 1.03-1.32] and rs10090154 in region 5 (Ptrend = 0.05; per allele OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.51). At 18q21, associations were observed in distal colon tumors but not in proximal or rectal cancers: rs4939827 (Ptrend = 0.007; per allele OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.93; case-case pdiff = 0.03) and rs12953717 (Ptrend = 0.01; per allele OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06-1.52). We were unable to detect any associations at 9p24 with CRC.
Conclusions: Our investigation confirms that variants across multiple risk regions of 8q24 are associated with CRC, and that associations at 18q21 differ by tumor site. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):616–21)