bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needs assessment of police pre-deployment training for dispatch experts in international development cooperation of policing
Authors: Jeong Junseon , Park Minji , Jo Hyeonah , Kim Chunju , Song Ji Hoon 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThis study identifies the policing pre-deployment training content for Korean experts based on needs assessments. Korean policing is at an excellent level to transfer knowledge and skills. Pre-deployment training should be designed systematically and training of trainers approaches should be implemented.Design/methodology/approachThis study used T-tests, Borich needs assessments, and Locus for Focus model analyses to determine the priorities of needs for pre-deployment training in policing. A survey of 116 experienced experts was conducted, with 87 responding (75%).FindingsThe study identified 26 factors that deployed law enforcement professionals want to learn from pre-deployment training. These factors were categorized into three areas: research, training design and methods and understanding of partner countries and international development cooperation. The nine highest priorities for training needs were related to understanding the status and conditions of police training in the country to which policing experts are deployed.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was limited to Korean policing experts. And the study did not evaluate the validity of the training curriculum or indicators.Practical implicationsTechnical assistance in international policing development cooperation aims to train future trainers who can train local police. This study found that limited learner information and poor communication skills can lead to ineffective technical assistance.Originality/valueThis study highlights the importance of knowledge transfer and effective pre-deployment training for policing. The findings can be used to improve training programs and police human resource development.
Application of fuzzy logic in multi-sensor-based health service robot for condition monitoring during pandemic situations
Authors: Rout Amruta , Mahanta Golak Bihari , Biswal Bibhuti Bhusan , T. Renin Francy , Vardhan Raj Sri , B.B.V.L. Deepak 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to plan and develop a cost-effective health-care robot for assisting and observing the patients in an accurate and effective way during pandemic situation like COVID-19. The purposed research work can help in better management of pandemic situations in rural areas as well as developing countries where medical facility is not easily available.

Design/methodology/approach
It becomes very difficult for the medical staff to have a continuous check on patient’s condition in terms of symptoms and critical parameters during pandemic situations. For dealing with these situations, a service mobile robot with multiple sensors for measuring patients bodily indicators has been proposed and the prototype for the same has been developed that can monitor and aid the patient using the robotic arm. The fuzzy controller has also been incorporated with the mobile robot through which decisions on patient monitoring can be taken automatically. Mamdani implication method has been utilized for formulating mathematical expression of M number of “if and then condition based rules” with defined input Xj (j = 1, 2, ………. s), and output yi. The inputs and output variables are formed by the membership functions µAij(xj) and µCi(yi) to execute the Fuzzy Inference System controller. Here, Aij and Ci are the developed fuzzy sets.

Findings
The fuzzy-based prediction model has been tested with the output of medicines for the initial 27 runs and was validated by the correlation of predicted and actual values. The correlation coefficient has been found to be 0.989 with a mean square error value of 0.000174, signifying a strong relationship between the predicted values and the actual values. The proposed research work can handle multiple tasks like online consulting, continuous patient condition monitoring in general wards and ICUs, telemedicine services, hospital waste disposal and providing service to patients at regular time intervals.

Originality/value
The novelty of the proposed research work lies in the integration of artificial intelligence techniques like fuzzy logic with the multi-sensor-based service robot for easy decision-making and continuous patient monitoring in hospitals in rural areas and to reduce the work stress on medical staff during pandemic situation.
Urbanization drives biotic homogenization of the avian community in China
Authors: DENG Jiewen , ZHU Younan , LUO Yuelong , ZHONG Yongjing , TU Jiahao , YU Jiehua , HE Jiekun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUrbanization‐driven biotic homogenization has been recorded in various ecosystems on local and global scales; however, it is largely unexplored in developing countries. Empirical studies on different taxa and bioregions show conflicting results (i.e. biotic homogenization vs. biotic differentiation); the extent to which the community composition changes in response to anthropogenic disturbances and the factors governing this process, therefore, require elucidation. Here, we used a compiled database of 760 bird species in China to quantify the multiple‐site β‐diversity and fitted distance decay in pairwise β‐diversities between natural and urban assemblages to assess whether urbanization had driven biotic homogenization. We used generalized dissimilarity models (GDM) to elucidate the roles of spatial and environmental factors in avian community dissimilarities before and after urbanization. The multiple‐site β‐diversities among urban assemblages were markedly lower than those among natural assemblages, and the distance decays in pairwise similarities in natural assemblages were more rapid. These results were consistent among taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional aspects, supporting a general biotic homogenization driven by urbanization. The GDM results indicated that geographical distance and temperature were the dominant predictors of avian community dissimilarity. However, the contribution of geographical distance and climatic factors decreased in explaining compositional dissimilarities in urban assemblages. Geographical and environmental distances accounted for much lower variations in compositional dissimilarities in urban than in natural assemblages, implying a potential risk of uncertainty in model predictions under further climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. Our study concludes that taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions elucidate urbanization‐driven biotic homogenization in China.
Bacterial surface display of human lectins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Vázquez‐Arias Alba , Vázquez‐Iglesias Lorena , Pérez‐Juste Ignacio , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Bodelon Gustavo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLectin‐glycan interactions sustain fundamental biological processes involved in development and disease. Owing to their unique sugar‐binding properties, lectins have great potential in glycobiology and biomedicine. However, their relatively low affinities and broad specificities pose a significant challenge when used as analytical reagents. New approaches for expression and engineering of lectins are in demand to overcome current limitations. Herein, we report the application of bacterial display for the expression of human galectin‐3 and mannose‐binding lectin in Escherichia coli. The analysis of the cell surface expression and binding activity of the surface‐displayed lectins, including point and deletion mutants, in combination with molecular dynamics simulation, demonstrate the robustness and suitability of this approach. Furthermore, the display of functional mannose‐binding lectin in the bacterial surface proved the feasibility of this method for disulfide bond‐containing lectins. This work establishes for the first time bacterial display as an efficient means for the expression and engineering of human lectins, thereby increasing the available toolbox for glycobiology research.
Climate change affects the spread of typhoid pathogens
Authors: Jia Chenghao , Cao Qianzhe , Wang Zining , van den Dool Annemieke , Yue Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTyphoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (Salmonella Typhi). Syndromes in patients vary from asymptomatic carriers to severe or death outcomes, which are frequently reported in African and Southeast Asian countries. It is one of the most common waterborne transmission agents, whose transmission is likely impacted by climate change. Here, we claimed the evidence and consequences of climate‐related foodborne and waterborne diseases have increased and provided possible mitigations against Typhoidal Salmonella dissemination.
Mechanism of action of adapalene for treating EGFR‐TKI‐induced skin disorder
Authors: Mimura Chihiro , Nagano Tatsuya , Miwa Nanako , Matsumura Kanoko , Yamada Jun , Satoh Hiroki , Suraya Ratoe , Hazama Daisuke , Tamura Daisuke , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Tachihara Motoko , Nishimura Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin disorders are the most common side effect associated with epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) therapy. It is important to manage skin lesions. Adapalene has been used to treat skin lesions caused by EGFR‐TKIs in some cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional mechanism of adapalene in erlotinib‐induced skin disorder.MethodsTo analyze the effect of adapalene on skin rash, afatinib and adapalene were administered to mice. The relationship between the concentration of adapalene and skin disorders was also examined by analyzing AQP3 expression. A skin lesion model was experimentally established in human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) by using erlotinib with TNF‐α and IL‐1β. We used qRT–PCR to analyze chemokine‐induced inflammation and western blotting to analyze the effects of adapalene on the NF‐κB signaling pathway. Antimicrobial peptides and adhesion factors were also examined using qRT–PCR.ResultsMice administered 0.01% adapalene had less skin inflammation than mice treated with afatinib alone. The expression level of AQP3 decreased in an adapalene concentration‐dependent manner. The mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as CCL2 and CCL27 in HaCaT cells were significantly reduced by adapalene. The expression of an antimicrobial peptide, hBD3, was upregulated after adapalene treatment. Adhesion factors, such as E‐cadherin, were significantly downregulated by EGFR‐TKI and significantly upregulated by adapalene treatment. Western blot analysis suggested that erlotinib‐induced phosphorylation of p65 was decreased by adapalene.ConclusionWe suggest that adapalene may be a possible treatment option for skin disorders induced by EGFR‐TKIs.
Early exposure to cannabis and bipolar disorder incidence: Findings from a 22‐year birth cohort study in Brazil
Authors: Jorge Alan Cristian Rodrigues , Montezano Bruno Braga , de Aguiar Kyara Rodrigues , Noronha Lucas Tavares , Baldez Daniel Prates , Watts Devon , Menezes Ana Maria Baptista , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Gonçalves Helen , Kunz Maurício , Kapczinski Flávio , Passos Ives Cavalcante 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBipolar disorder is a chronic condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Currently, there is some evidence to suggest that cannabis use during adolescence may be an environmental risk factor for its onset, however inconsistencies have been observed across the literature. Considering this, we aimed to assess whether early lifetime cannabis is associated with subsequent bipolar disorder in young adults between 18 and 22 years of age.MethodsUsing data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort (n = 5249), cannabis exposure was examined at age 18 by self‐report, and bipolar disorder diagnosis was measured at age 22 using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). In order to control the analysis, we considered socioeconomic status index, sex, skin color, physical abuse by parents and lifetime cocaine use.ResultsA total of 3781 individuals were evaluated in 2015 aged 22 years, of whom 87 were diagnosed with the bipolar disorder onset after the age of 18. Lifetime cannabis use predicted bipolar disorder onset at 22 years old (OR 1.82, 95% CI [1.10, 2.93]), and the effect remained after adjusting for socioeconomic status, sex, skin color, and physical abuse by parents (OR 2.00, 95% CI [1.20, 3.25]). However, this association was attenuated to statistically non‐significant after further adjustment for all available covariates, including lifetime cocaine use (OR 1.79, 95% CI [0.95, 3.19]). We also found similar results for early cocaine use, where the association with bipolar disorder onset did not maintain significance in the multivariate model (OR 1.35, 95% CI [0.62, 2.86]). Otherwise, when we considered cannabis or cocaine lifetime use as a unique feature, our findings showed that the adolescent exposure to cannabis or cocaine increased the odds by 1.95 times of developing bipolar disorder at 22 years age, even when controlling for all other study variables (OR 2.14, 95% CI [1.30, 3.47]). Finally, our models suggest that cocaine use may potentially exert a major influence on the effect of lifetime cannabis use on bipolar disorder onset, and that physical abuse by parents and sex may modify the effect of cannabis use for later bipolar disorder onset.ConclusionBased on our findings, early cannabis exposure predicted bipolar disorder onset in young adults, but this association was confounded by cocaine use. Contrary to schizophrenia, cannabis as a sole exposure was not associated with bipolar disorder onset after adjusting for control variables.
Novel mating behaviours in male tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) expand our understanding of reptile courtship
Authors: Lamar Sarah K. , Ormsby Diane K. , Nelson Nicola J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObservations of reptile courting and mating behaviour are relatively scant in the literature. Here, using the largest sample of observed courting attempts and matings in tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) ever published, we describe novel behaviours in this rare species: mirrored head bobbing between courting pairs, purring vocalizations by displaying males, and several potential instances of anejaculation in otherwise normal matings. These results highlight the complexity of reptile mating displays and have implications for how we manage this vulnerable species.
Biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease in women with spontaneous preterm birth: A case–control study
Authors: Cederlöf Elin Täufer , Lager Susanne , Larsson Anders , Sundström Poromaa Inger , Lindahl Bertil , Wikström Anna‐Karin , Christersson Christina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionWomen with spontaneous preterm birth have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Studies suggest potential pathophysiological mechanisms in common, but whether these could be identified by measurement of soluble circulating protein biomarkers in women with spontaneous preterm birth is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if protein biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease distinguish women with spontaneous preterm birth from healthy controls, both at pregnancy and at follow up.Material and methodsStudy participants were identified in the population‐based Uppsala biobank of pregnant women in Sweden, where plasma samples were collected in mid‐pregnancy. In a first screening phase, we identified participants who subsequently experienced spontaneous preterm birth (<37 weeks) in the index pregnancy (N = 13) and controls (N = 6). In these samples, differences in protein expression were examined by comparative mass spectrometry. In a second validation phase, we invited 100 cases with previous spontaneous preterm birth in the index pregnancy and 100 controls (matched for age, body mass index, and year of delivery) from the same source population, to a follow‐up visit 4–15 years after pregnancy. At follow up, we collected plasma samples and data on cardiovascular risk factors. We measured concentrations of selected biomarkers identified in the screening phase, as well as lipid profiles in samples both from pregnancy (biobank) and follow up. ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT05693285.ResultsIn the screening phase, fibrinogen, cadherin‐5, complement C5, factor XII, plasma kallikrein, apolipoprotein M, and vitamin D‐binding protein differed significantly at pregnancy. In the validation phase, 65 women agreed to participate (35 cases and 30 controls), with a median follow‐up time of 11.8 years since pregnancy. The concentration of fibrinogen (p = 0.02) and triglycerides (p = 0.03) were slightly higher in cases compared with matched controls at follow up.ConclusionsCompared with women without preterm birth, those with spontaneous preterm birth had slightly higher concentrations of fibrinogen, both at mid‐pregnancy and a decade after pregnancy. Additionally, we found slightly higher concentration of triglycerides at follow up in women with previous spontaneous preterm birth. The relevance of this finding is uncertain but might indicate potential pathophysiological mechanisms in common between spontaneous preterm birth and cardiovascular disease.
From mindreading to originality: Exploring the relationship between Theory of Mind and Creativity across the lifespan
Authors: Beloyianni Vassiliki , Zbainos Dimitrios , Karagianni Maria‐Paraskevi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the previous psychoeducational literature, many theorists have argued that creativity and originality require the ability to make predictions and assumptions regarding other individuals' ideas. Thus, it has been widely hypothesized that social cognition and theory of mind (ToM) might be a fundamental component or even a prerequisite of creativity. Despite their common grounds, the empirical evidence examining the potential link between ToM and creative thinking throughout their development seems to be indirect, limited, and fragmented. In this respect, this scoping review aimed to collect and synthesize the existing knowledge about the relationship between ToM and creativity at different ages to identify significant literature gaps and generate updated research questions that might guide future research. The search process led to the inclusion, analysis, and collation of 6 relevant studies only, indicating that this research topic has been poorly investigated. Results demonstrated that ToM and creativity are strongly correlated even after partialling out significant mediators, such as age and intelligence. Such a strong association should be further investigated and explained.
Evolutionarily conserved roles of foxg1a in the developing subpallium of zebrafish embryos
Authors: Umeda Koto , Tanaka Kaiho , Chowdhury Gazlima , Nasu Kouhei , Kuroyanagi Yuri , Yamasu Kyo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe vertebrate telencephalic lobes consist of the pallium (dorsal) and subpallium (ventral). The subpallium gives rise to the basal ganglia, encompassing the pallidum and striatum. The development of this region is believed to depend on Foxg1/Foxg1a functions in both mice and zebrafish. This study aims to elucidate the genetic regulatory network controlled by foxg1a in subpallium development using zebrafish as a model. The expression gradient of foxg1a within the developing telencephalon was examined semi‐quantitatively in initial investigations. Utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we subsequently established a foxg1a mutant line and observed the resultant phenotypes. Morphological assessment revealed that foxg1a mutants exhibit a thin telencephalon together with a misshapen preoptic area (POA). Notably, accumulation of apoptotic cells was identified in this region. In mutants at 24 h postfertilization, the expression of pallium markers expanded ventrally, while that of subpallium markers was markedly suppressed. Concurrently, the expression of fgf8a, vax2, and six3b was shifted ventrally, causing anomalous expression in regions typical of POA formation in wild‐type embryos. Consequently, the foxg1a mutation led to expansion of the pallium and disrupted the subpallium and POA. This highlights a pivotal role of foxg1a in directing the dorsoventral patterning of the telencephalon, particularly in subpallium differentiation, mirroring observations in mice. Additionally, reduced expression of neural progenitor maintenance genes was detected in mutants, suggesting the necessity of foxg1a in preserving neural progenitors. Collectively, these findings underscore evolutionarily conserved functions of foxg1 in the development of the subpallium in vertebrate embryos.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of once‐weekly insulin icodec in individuals with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hövelmann Ulrike , Engberg Susanne , Heise Tim , Kristensen Niels Rode , Nørgreen Lea , Zijlstra Eric , Ribel‐Madsen Rasmus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of once‐weekly insulin icodec in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsIn this randomized, open‐label, two‐period crossover trial, 66 individuals with T1D (age 18–64 years; glycated haemoglobin ≤75 mmol/mol [≤ 9%]) were to receive once‐weekly icodec (8 weeks) and once‐daily insulin glargine U100 (2 weeks) at individualized fixed equimolar total weekly doses established during up to 10 weeks' run‐in with glargine U100 titrated to pre‐breakfast plasma glucose (PG) of 4.4–7.2 mmol/L (80–130 mg/dL). Insulin aspart was used as bolus insulin. Blood sampling for icodec pharmacokinetics was performed from the first icodec dose until 35 days after the last dose. The glucose infusion rate at steady state was assessed in glucose clamps (target 6.7 mmol/L [120 mg/dL]) at 16–52 h and 138–168 h after the last icodec dose and 0–24 h after the last glargine U100 dose. Icodec pharmacodynamics during 1 week were predicted by pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modelling. Hypoglycaemia was recorded during the treatment periods based on self‐measured PG.ResultsIcodec reached pharmacokinetic steady state on average within 2–3 weeks. At steady state, model‐predicted daily proportions of glucose infusion rate during the 1‐week dosing interval were 14.3%, 19.6%, 18.3%, 15.7%, 13.1%, 10.6% and 8.4%, respectively. Rates and duration of Level 2 hypoglycaemic episodes (PG <3.0 mmol/L [54 mg/dL]) were 32.8 versus 23.9 episodes per participant‐year of exposure and 33 ± 25 versus 30 ± 18 min (mean ± SD) for icodec versus glargine U100.ConclusionsThe pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of icodec suggest its potential to provide basal coverage in a basal‐bolus insulin regimen in people with T1D.