bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of fiber posts using conventional versus guided endodontics: a comparative study of dentin loss and complications
Authors: Krug R. , Schwarz F. , Dullin C. , Leontiev W. , Connert T. , Krastl G. , Haupt F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the efficacy of fiber post removal using conventional (CONV) versus guided endodontics (GE) in terms of dentin loss, residual resin material, procedural errors, and working time in vitro.

Material and methods
Ninety human central incisors were root-filled and scanned by micro-computed tomography (CT), then restored with fiber posts and composite. Twenty-four sets of teeth with up to four human maxillary central incisors were fabricated and divided into three groups: conventional post removal by a general dentist (CG) or endodontology specialist (CS) and guided endodontics (GE) by a general dentist, yielding 30 teeth per operator and group. After treatment, the prepared access cavities were volumetrically assessed by micro-CT. Statistical significance was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc comparisons with Tukey's HSD test and Pearson's chi-squared test for independence.

Results
Both CONV and GE resulted in dentin loss and residual resin material. CS resulted in more dentin loss and less residual resin material than CG and GE (p < .05). All groups had some deviations from the original root canal but no perforations. The shortest working time was observed in the GE group.

Conclusions
Compared to the conventional freehand technique, GE resulted in significantly less radicular dentin loss, a few deviations but no perforations.

Clinical relevance
Guided endodontics can improve the speed and safety of fiber post removal without root perforation.
Immersive virtual reality for complex skills training: content analysis of experienced challenges
Authors: Laine Joakim , Rastas Elisa , Seitamaa Aino , Hakkarainen Kai , Korhonen Tiina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the challenges that adult participants experienced in immersive virtual reality (I-VR). Practitioners have indicated that some challenges persist from trainee to trainee and scholars have called for the design and development of virtual reality (VR) applications based on learning theories. Thus, we examined challenges immersed learners experienced during self-discovery of game mechanics and assembly task within an early-development I-VR program. We clarified the immersive learning phenomenon by studying the self-reported problem statements from 168 university students and staff. They used an HTC Vive Pro Eye device and a custom-built software. Through an iterative content analysis of post-survey and video-stimulated recall interviews, we retrieved 481 problem statements from the participants. As a result, we derived and detailed 89 challenges, 22 component features, 11 components, and 5 principal factors of immersive learning. The most cited components that the participants found challenging were the use of controllers and functions, reciprocal software interaction, spatial and navigational constraints, relevance realisation, and learner capabilities. Closer inspection of the quantified data revealed that the participants without digital gaming experience reported relatively more hardware-related problem statements. The findings regarding the constraints of immersive learning helped clarify the various actants involved in immersive learning. In this paper, we provide a design implication summary for VR application developers. Further research on theory-based development and design implications in various immersive training settings is needed.
Impact of immersive virtual reality games or traditional physical exercise on cardiovascular and autonomic responses, enjoyment and sleep quality: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Rubio-Arias Jacobo Á. , Verdejo-Herrero Alberto , Andreu-Caravaca Luis , Ramos-Campo Domingo J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectives: To assess the potential of immersive virtual reality (IVR) in achieving moderate exercise intensity, and 2) to examine the acute effects of two IVR exergame sessions (BOXVR and Beat Saber), comparing them with the impact of traditional exercise on heart rate variability (HRV), perceived effort, delayed onset muscle soreness, motivation, and sleep. Materials and methods: A crossover design was used. The participants (n = 22) randomly performed two sessions of IVR and one session of moderate intensity physical activity, each session lasting 30 min. Heart Rate (HR) and HRV, Perceived Exertion Scale, Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, sleep quality, and perceived pain, were evaluated. Results: The cardiac response to the activities was significantly higher when participants performed traditional physical activity as compared to the BOXVR and Beat Saber games. Traditional training provided a different HRV response as compared to Beat Saber (LnRMSSD, p = 0.025; SDNN, p = 0.031). Although the sessions were planned for moderate intensity, BOXVR generated a moderate intensity (49.3% HRreserve), Beat Saber (29.6% HRreserve) a light one, and the Circuit session, a vigorous one (62.9% HRreserve). In addition, traditional training reported higher perceived exertion and pain with less enjoyment. Differences were observed between the exergames. BOXVR resulted in a lower cardiac response (HRmax and HRmean), and a higher perception of exertion and pain at 72 h. The sleep variables analyzed were not altered by any of the sessions. Conclusions: BOXVR and traditional training can lead to moderate intensity physical activity. However, traditional training could result in lower adherence to physical exercise programs, as it was perceived as more intense and less enjoyable.
Resampling strategies for imbalanced regression: a survey and empirical analysis
Authors: Avelino Juscimara G. , Cavalcanti George D. C. , Cruz Rafael M. O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImbalanced problems can arise in different real-world situations, and to address this, certain strategies in the form of resampling or balancing algorithms are proposed. This issue has largely been studied in the context of classification, and yet, the same problem features in regression tasks, where target values are continuous. This work presents an extensive experimental study comprising various balancing and predictive models, and wich uses metrics to capture important elements for the user and to evaluate the predictive model in an imbalanced regression data context. It also proposes a taxonomy for imbalanced regression approaches based on three crucial criteria: regression model, learning process, and evaluation metrics. The study offers new insights into the use of such strategies, highlighting the advantages they bring to each model’s learning process, and indicating directions for further studies. The code, data and further information related to the experiments performed herein can be found on GitHub: https://github.com/JusciAvelino/imbalancedRegression.
Burden of female breast cancer in India: estimates of YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs at national and subnational levels based on the national cancer registry programme
Authors: Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Ramamoorthy Thilagavathi , Sathishkumar Krishnan , Mohan Rohith , Tomy Nifty , Miller G. J. , Mathur Prashant 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Female breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in India, and accounted for 13.5% of new cancer cases and 10% of cancer-related deaths in 2020. This study aims to estimate and report the female BC burden in India at state level from 2012 to 2016 in terms of years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and to project the burden for the year 2025.

Methods
The cancer incidence and mortality data from 28 population-based cancer registries were analysed. The mean mortality to incidence ratio was estimated, and mortality figures were adjusted for underreporting. The burden of female BC was estimated at national and subnational levels using Census data, World Health Organisation’s lifetables, disability weights, and the DisMod-II tool. A negative binomial regression is employed to project burden for 2025.

Results
The burden of BC among Indian women in 2016 was estimated to be 515.4 DALYs per 100,000 women after age standardization. The burden metrics at state level exhibited substantial heterogeneity. Notably, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Karnataka, and Delhi had a higher burden of BC than states in the eastern and north-eastern regions. The projection for 2025 indicates to a substantial increase, reaching 5.6 million DALYs.

Conclusion
The female BC burden in India was significantly high in 2016 and is expected to substantially increase. Undertaking a multidisciplinary, context-specific approach for its prevention and control can address this rising burden.
Making fibers from cellulose derivatives by pressurized gyration and electrospinning
Authors: Qosim Nanang , Majd Hamta , Ahmed Jubair , Williams Gareth , Edirisinghe Mohan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCellulose derivatives are obtained from renewable sources, making them an environmentally friendly option in many industrial applications. Manufacturing fine cellulose fibers is confronted with multifaceted challenges due to cellulose's intricate nature, such as its highly organized structure and hydrogen bonding chain. In this study, for the first time, fibers in the nanometer to micrometer scale diameter from cellulose derivatives were successfully produced without the assistance of polymer precursors using the pressurized gyration (PG) technique. The cellulose derivatives investigated in this work were ethyl cellulose (EC) and cellulose acetate (CA), representing the ether and ester cellulose derivatives, respectively. Electrospinning (ES) technique was also used to compare the fibers produced by this technique with those produced by PG. Both PG and nozzle-PG succeeded in producing EC-based fibers with diameters ranging from 488 to 825 nm, with a higher production rate than ES. In contrast, ES succeeded in producing bead-free fibers from EC and CA with a wide range of solvent systems and concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the fiber morphology, diameter distribution, and alignment. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to compare the physicochemical nature of the fibers produced by PG and ES. These tests revealed that the fibers produced from the two spinning methods had identical physicochemical structures and properties. With further research and development efforts, PG has the potential to be a promising technique for producing cellulose derivative-based fibers with a high production rate, which could be employed for applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound dressing.
Harmonising cryptocurrency regulation in Europe: opportunities for preventing illicit transactions
Authors: Benson Vladlena , Adamyk Bogdan , Chinnaswamy Anitha , Adamyk Oksana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the analysis of cryptocurrency regulatory developments in Europe. The aim is to review national crypto-legislation in Europe and the EU's latest initiative to create designated regulatory instruments for the crypto-economy. This study assessed whether the European Union's Regulation on Markets in Crypto-Assets (MiCA) would have the intended effect. Drawing on the results of a survey of crypto experts from five European countries, this study evaluated the effectiveness of current regulation across Europe and how it can be improved to reduce financial crimes. The findings show that a unified national legal framework for regulating transactions with crypto assets does not exist in European countries. Current crypto regulations are dictated by anti-money laundering recommendations. This study provides suggestions for improving MiCA regulation. The article offers recommendations for an international regulatory standard for crypto assets and insights for increasing efficiency in regulating DeFi, NFTs, and smart contracts.
Comparison of physicochemical and bioactive contents of 36 different quince cultivars and genotypes
Authors: Göksel Zekiye 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, 36 cultivars and genotypes of quince fruits were harvested as materials from the collection garden of Yalova Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute. This study aims to determine the nutritional contents of quince cultivars and genotypes, including vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid mg/100 g), reducing sugar content (glucose mg/100 g), mineral substances (N, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, K, Ca, Mg, P; mg/100 g, Ash %), total antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, CUPRAC; µmol/100 g TE), total phenolic content (mg/100 g GAE), SSC (%), titratable total acidity (%), and pH and color values (L*, a*, b*). Based on these evaluations, quince cultivars and types with the highest nutritional content beneficial to human health were determined. This study can contribute to recommending high-nutrient cultivars and types to producers for cultivation in broder areas and promoting their widespread adoption.
Thermal Conductivity of Glycerol at Atmospheric Pressure Between 268 K and 363 K by Using a Steady-State Parallel-Plate Instrument
Authors: Bioucas Francisco E. Berger , Koller Thomas M. , Fröba Andreas P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present work reports experimental data for the thermal conductivity of glycerol which is an important fluid in many technical applications. Measurements were performed in an absolute way at ambient pressure using a steady-state guarded parallel-plate instrument (GPPI) with an average expanded (k = 2) measurement uncertainty of 2.3%. For data representation over a temperature range from (268.15 to 363.15) K in steps of 5 K, the thermal conductivities are averaged from measurements at three different temperature gradients for each temperature. The present results indicate an almost constant thermal conductivity of glycerol over the studied temperature range and agree with the sparse experimental data available in the literature. Based on the experimental database including the results from this work, a simple correlation for the thermal conductivity of glycerol at 0.1 MPa as a function of temperature between (268 and 413) K is suggested. The additional study on the influence of water as possible contamination up to water mass fractions of 0.02 on the thermal conductivity of glycerol reveals negligible changes. Overall, the experimental results from this work contribute to an improved data situation for the thermal conductivity of glycerol, particularly in the subcooled liquid region at temperatures below 283 K.
Investigating the Effects of Transdiagnostic Processes on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Autistic Young People: the Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation
Authors: Barnes Georgina L. , Ozsivadjian Ann , Baird Gillian , Absoud Michael , Hollocks Matthew J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Internalising symptoms are elevated in autism compared to the general population. Few studies have investigated emotional dysregulation (ED) as a potential mediator between specific transdiagnostic processes and anxiety and depression symptoms in autistic youth. In a sample of 94 autistic young people aged 5–18 years referred to a specialist clinic for an autism evaluation, we tested the effects of ED as a mediator between cognitive inflexibility (CI), intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and alexithymia with anxiety and depression symptoms, using structural equation modelling. Effect sizes were compared to a non-autistic comparison group (n = 84). CI and alexithymia did not significantly predict depression symptoms in autistic young people, directly nor via ED. Relationships between CI/alexithymia and depression were fully mediated by ED in the non-autistic sample. There was a direct effect of CI on anxiety in the non-autistic group but not in those with a diagnosis. IU predicted depression symptoms in the autism group; and ED mediated this relationship only in those who did not receive a diagnosis. IU directly predicted anxiety in both groups and this relationship did not occur via ED. The finding of a direct pathway from IU to anxiety and depression in autistic youth is consistent with the literature. The finding that CI did not predict anxiety or depression in those with autism is novel, as was the finding that ED mediated relationships between alexithymia and anxiety/depression symptoms in both samples. The findings may have important implications for the delivery of psychological interventions for autistic youth.
Cardinality-Constrained Multi-objective Optimization: Novel Optimality Conditions and Algorithms
Authors: Lapucci Matteo , Mansueto Pierluigi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider multi-objective optimization problems with a sparsity constraint on the vector of variables. For this class of problems, inspired by the homonymous necessary optimality condition for sparse single-objective optimization, we define the concept of L-stationarity and we analyze its relationships with other existing conditions and Pareto optimality concepts. We then propose two novel algorithmic approaches: the first one is an iterative hard thresholding method aiming to find a single L-stationary solution, while the second one is a two-stage algorithm designed to construct an approximation of the whole Pareto front. Both methods are characterized by theoretical properties of convergence to points satisfying necessary conditions for Pareto optimality. Moreover, we report numerical results establishing the practical effectiveness of the proposed methodologies.
Interrelatedness of thermodynamics and information: transformation of heat as a measurable information process and quantity, an overview
Authors: Hejna B. , Šesták J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNo one has yet investigated the information reach and influence of thermal analysis. Even so the heat and entropy are bound closely. The very problem of the term entropy is that it was defined specifically within the classical, equilibrium Thermodynamics like Clausius entropy, while its meaning is more general. It is usable in all areas of physics, in the communication theory and technology, and also, in social sciences, just as an universal quantitative model. The bridge to this wider world is in Boltzmann’s statistical point of view used in the Shannon’s information point of view. The difference is that the Shannon entropy is defined more generally, both for the uniform and for the not uniform probability distributions. But with renormalization and with the Boltzmann constant we can speak, using the Clausius entropy, about a certain thermodynamic system considered as a heat model of the area of our wider interests. So we will to deal with the heat and its entropy embodied to a wider consideration. In addition to the standard physical meaning, another thermodynamic realization in the form of a message is derived from Shannon’s information theory, where the sample carries a measure of Shannon’s information given by its structure or internal organization. This is also a contribution to improving the approach to thinking about the importance of observation and measurement, reflecting at the same time the costs and influence of the measurement itself and its organization on the measured object or, on its environment or, even on the environment of the measuring itself generally. Statistical sorting also carries with it the internal movement of individual elementary particles, the value of which indicates the resulting state of heat transfer and dissipation to and from the system providing a state of called equilibrium. It is statistically described by a weighted quantity called temperature, the changes of which via momentum alteration satisfy Newton’s laws of inertia allowing enumeration of the related heat information processing. The terminology used is still non-institutional.
FTUNet: A Feature-Enhanced Network for Medical Image Segmentation Based on the Combination of U-Shaped Network and Vision Transformer
Authors: Wang Yuefei , Yu Xi , Yang Yixi , Zeng Shijie , Xu Yuquan , Feng Ronghui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSemantic Segmentation has been widely used in a variety of clinical images, which greatly assists medical diagnosis and other work. To address the challenge of reduced semantic inference accuracy caused by feature weakening, a pioneering network called FTUNet (Feature-enhanced Transformer UNet) was introduced, leveraging the classical Encoder-Decoder architecture. Firstly, a dual-branch Encoder is proposed based on the U-shaped structure. In addition to employing convolution for feature extraction, a Layer Transformer structure (LTrans) is established to capture long-range dependencies and global context information. Then, an Inception structural module focusing on local features is proposed at the Bottleneck, which adopts the dilated convolution to amplify the receptive field to achieve deeper semantic mining based on the comprehensive information brought by the dual Encoder. Finally, in order to amplify feature differences, a lightweight attention mechanism of feature polarization is proposed at Skip Connection, which can strengthen or suppress feature channels by reallocating weights. The experiment is conducted on 3 different medical datasets. A comprehensive and detailed comparison was conducted with 6 non-U-shaped models, 5 U-shaped models, and 3 Transformer models in 8 categories of indicators. Meanwhile, 9 kinds of layer-by-layer ablation and 4 kinds of other embedding attempts are implemented to demonstrate the optimal structure of the current FTUNet.
Landslide and ravine distributions related to ground conditions in elevated marine deposit in Mid-Norway
Authors: Solberg Inger-Lise 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Trondheim and Gauldal areas in Mid-Norway are characterized by thick marine deposits from the ice age and deglaciation period. The following glacio-isostatic rebound has led to river incisions in the valleys and extensive landsliding and ravine erosion. This study is based on data from an upgraded Quaternary geological map of this region for the areas below the highest sea level after the last ice age, with a focus on landslide scars and ravines. The study has a multidisciplinary approach, which is important in order to get a good regional geological understanding of the ground conditions and the landscape development. This means that geological, geomorphological, geotechnical, geophysical and hydrogeological data are used. The study area is divided into six parts, based on natural topographical divisions and the distribution of landslide scars and ravines. Factors influencing the development of sensitive clay and the triggering of landslides are described for each area; these include sediment distribution, thicknesses and stratigraphy, bedrock topography, the degree of leaching of clay, groundwater conditions, the number, size and shape of landslides, and the distribution of rivers, streams and ravines. The study shows that the size, behaviour and erosional potential of the main river or stream influence the landscape development to a high degree. The erosional basis, stratigraphy and presence of bedrock are essential for leaching and the development of quick clay.