bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic health record-based identification of inpatients receiving antibiotic treatment for community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Yang David , Cressman Leigh , Hamilton Keith W. , Dutcher Lauren 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective study to assess performance of provider-selected antibiotic indication (PSI) in identifying hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia. PSI showed moderate sensitivity (64.4%) and high specificity (96.3%). PSI has potential utility for targeted real-time antibiotic stewardship interventions, though future research should investigate methods to improve sensitivity.
Navigating the network: a narrative overview of AMR surveillance and data flow in the United States
Authors: Robillard Darin W. , Sundermann Alexander J. , Raux Brian R. , Prinzi Andrea M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance landscape in the United States consists of a data flow that starts in the clinical setting and is maintained by a network of national and state public health laboratories. These organizations are well established, with robust methodologies to test and confirm antimicrobial susceptibility. Still, the bridge that guides the flow of data is often one directional and caught in a constant state of rush hour that can only be refined with improvements to infrastructure and automation in the data flow. Moreover, there is an absence of information in the literature explaining the processes clinical laboratories use to coalesce and share susceptibility test data for AMR surveillance, further complicated by variability in testing procedures. This knowledge gap limits our understanding of what is needed to improve and streamline data sharing from clinical to public health laboratories. Successful models of AMR surveillance display attributes like 2-way communication between clinical and public health laboratories, centralized databases, standardized data, and the use of electronic health records or data systems, highlighting areas of opportunity and improvement. This article explores the roles and processes of the organizations involved in AMR surveillance in the United States and identifies current knowledge gaps and opportunities to improve communication between them through standardization, communication, and modernization of data flow.
Growing indoor environmental infrastructure: designing for microbial diversity with implications for pollutant metabolism and human health
Authors: Mankiewicz Ledins Phoebe , Bhattacharya Chandrima , Dyson Anna , Hénaff Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Urban inhabitants spend upwards of 90% of their time indoors where building design and mechanical air-handling systems negatively impact air quality, microbiome diversity and health outcomes. Urban bioremediation infrastructure designed to improve indoor environmental quality by drawing air through photosynthesizing plants and metabolically diverse rhizospheres have been investigated since the 1960s; however, in-depth analysis of the potential impacts on indoor environments is required: (1) although recent evidence has illustrated human microbiome alteration and associated health benefits related to exposure to green wall systems, the mechanism(s) of diversification have not yet been established, (2) microbial metabolism and airborne chemical dynamics are extraordinarily complex and hypotheses pertaining to rhizosphere microorganisms metabolizing pollutants require more attention. To explore these areas, we applied a shotgun metagenomic approach to quantify microbial diversity and establish preliminary metabolic profiles within active green wall modules spanning a range of growth media and plant selections. Results indicate that fundamental design decisions, including hydroponic vs. organic growth media, support rhizosphere microbiomes with distinct diversity and metabolic profiles which could impact system performance. The described relationships indicate fundamental green infrastructure design represents an opportunity to “grow” indoor microbial diversity and metabolisms with potential benefits for human pollutant exposure and health outcomes.
Verifying the Australian MWA EoR pipeline I: 21-cm sky model and correlated measurement density
Authors: Line J.L.B. , Trott C.M. , Cook J.H. , Greig B. , Barry N. , Jordan C.H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present the first of two papers dedicated to verifying the Australian Epoch of Reionisation pipeline (AusEoRPipe) through simulation. The AusEoRPipe aims to disentangle 21-cm radiation emitted by gas surrounding the very first stars from contaminating foreground astrophysical sources and has been in the development for close to a decade. In this paper, we build an accurate 21-cm sky model that can be used by the WODEN simulation software to create visibilities containing a predictable 21-cm signal. We verify that the power spectrum (PS) estimator CHIPS can recover this signal in the absence of foregrounds. We also investigate how measurements in Fourier-space are correlated and how their gridded density affects the PS. We measure and fit for this effect using Gaussian-noise simulations of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) phase I layout. We find a gridding density correction factor of 2.651 appropriate for integrations equal to or greater than 30 minutes of data, which contain observations with multiple primary beam pointings and LSTs. Paper II of this series will use the results of this paper to test the AusEoRPipe in the presence of foregrounds and instrumental effects.
CITRO OR CEDRO REFICIT? ON AN EMENDATION TO A FRAGMENT OF VARRO'S DE BIBLIOTHECIS (FR. 54 GRF FUNAIOLI)
Authors: Verdura Umberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses an earlier emendation to fr. 54 GRF Funaioli from Varro's De bibliothecis and argues that, while the text et citro refers to cedar oil, it should not be emended to et cedro. A comparison with a passage from Pliny the Elder (HN 13.86) is used to support the view presented in the article.
JUSTICE IN THE LIMINAL: THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND THE RIGHT TO A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Heri Corina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs the human right to a healthy environment is codified around the globe, some systems still lag behind. One noticeable straggler is the Council of Europe, which is currently undergoing its fourth attempt to recognize the right. This article examines the proposals tabled within this system in light of overarching debates about climate justice and environmental rights, before focusing specifically on the spatial and temporal limits of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the institutional features of its Court. First, the article describes what the author sees as the current liminal moment in the development of human rights law, a time of transition in which established legal concepts can be questioned or reaffirmed. Second, it sketches recent proposals for locating and conceptualizing the right to a healthy environment within the Council of Europe. Evaluating different options, it makes the case for including this right in the ECHR. Third, the article discusses the right's potential to reshape the spatial and temporal limitations on legal subjectivity and Convention protections. These proposals come at a crucial time when the system's ability to protect human rights from environment-related impacts is being tested by climate litigation. The article understands these developments as interrelated and discusses whether current proposals could deliver on demands for climate justice by extending protection to future generations and for extraterritorial environmental impacts.
Putting the Violence Back in the Late Medieval German Feud
Authors: Sharp Tristan W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper explains how a sanitized image of the late medieval German feud has come to predominate in contemporary German scholarship and explores its consequences for understanding the social implications of feuding violence. By tracing out the reception of Otto Brunner's seminal Land and Lordship (1939) in post-WWII German feud research, this paper shows how a complex interplay between democratic-liberal sensibilities, Brunner's feud as legal institution model, and his own historical vision of violence resulted in the sanitized model of feuding violence. This model divides feuding violence into categories of rational–functional violence and dysfunctional violence, which, as this article argues, do not map onto the empirical evidence for feuding violence. A series of case studies elucidates the limitations of this model, providing a de-sanitized and de-domesticated image of feuding by vividly demonstrating some overlooked realities of feuding violence: from high rates of interpersonal violence between elites to sexual violence against female non-combatants among others. On the basis of these case studies, this article argues for a fundamental revision of how medieval historians have hitherto approached the topic of violence more broadly.
Vast Workshop and Laboratory: Labor and Refugees to the Bohemian Lands and Czechoslovakia, 1914–39
Authors: Frankl Michal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a part of the conversation in the forum “Austria and the Czech Republic as Immigration Countries: Transnational Labor Migration in Historical Comparison” this article revisits the history of refugees in the Bohemian Lands and Czechoslovakia, from World War I until the occupation by Nazi Germany in 1939. Taking stock of existing research, it suggests alternative lines of thinking about the management of migrants' labor and contributes to the wider discussion about how to conceptually combine refugee studies and research on labor migration. For analytical purposes, it focuses on three distinct state approaches to managing refugee labor that often existed in parallel: mobilization of refugee labor in a crisis situation, the support of labor as a pathway to future citizenship, and the denial of work as a sign of statelessness. These three approaches show how refugees' work impacted their status, communicated ideas about the future, and reproduced hierarchies defined by ethnicity, class, or political persuasion.
Design and singularity analysis of a parallel mechanism with origami-inspired reconfigurable 5R closed-loop linkages
Authors: Kuang Yili , Qu Haibo , Li Xiao , Wang Xiaolei , Guo Sheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe reconfigurable mechanisms can satisfy the requirements of changing environments, working conditions, and tasks on the function and performance of the mechanism and can be applied to machine tool manufacturing, space detection, etc. Inspired by the single-vertex fivefold origami pattern, a new reconfigurable parallel mechanism is proposed in this paper, which has special singular positions and stable motion due to replicating the stabilizing kinematic properties of origami. Through analyzing the topologic change of the folding process of the pattern and treating it as a reconfigurable joint, a new reconfigurable parallel mechanism with 3, 4, 5, or 6 degrees of freedom is obtained. Then, the kinematics solution, workspace, and singularity of the mechanism are calculated. The results indicate that the singular configuration of the origami-derived reconfigurable parallel mechanism is mainly located in a special plane, and the scope of the workspace is still large after the configuration change. The mechanism has the potential to adapt to multiple tasks and working conditions through the conversion among different configurations by folding reconfigurable joints on the branch chain.
Variation in the production of Basque ergativity: Change or stable variation?
Authors: Gondra Ager , Rodríguez-Ordóñez Itxaso , Franco-Landa Eukene 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines the extent to which the Basque ergative -k marker is undergoing change in the Basque Autonomous Community. The inclusion of Standard Basque in the education system since 1982 has brought a significant generational change in the mode of language acquisition: older speakers had no formal education in Basque, whereas younger speakers were educated in the Basque immersion program. Contrary to popular belief, results provide no evidence of ergative loss in apparent time; rather, they are consistent with linguistic stabilization. We claim that the differences in social constraints of gender and language use among the younger group reflect social changes, in which mode of language acquisition is responsible for the social stabilization and further stratification of ergativity. We conclude by arguing that minoritized contexts undergoing language revitalization provide important implications for sociolinguistic change, whereby social changes are embraced in assessing linguistic change.
You can only be lucky once: optimal gossip for epistemic goals
Authors: van Ditmarsch Hans , Gattinger Malvin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is known that without synchronization via a global clock one cannot obtain common knowledge by communication. Moreover, it is folklore that without communicating higher-level information one cannot obtain arbitrary higher-order shared knowledge. Here, we make this result precise in the setting of gossip where agents make one-to-one telephone calls to share secrets: we prove that “everyone knows that everyone knows that everyone knows all secrets” is unsatisfiable in a logic of knowledge for gossiping. We also prove that, given n agents,
$2n-3$
calls are optimal to reach “someone knows that everyone knows all secrets” and that
$n - 2 + \binom{n}{2}$
calls are optimal to reach “everyone knows that everyone knows all secrets.”
Modulating bilingual language production and cognitive control: how bilingual language experience matters
Authors: Han Xuran , Li Wei , Filippi Roberto 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Adaptive Control Hypothesis and the Control Process Model propose that bilingual language use in different interactional contexts requires control processes that can adapt in different ways to linguistic demands. This study explored the effects of language experience on cognitive flexibility and inhibition among 41 Chinese–English bilingual adults. In particular, it aimed to investigate the relationship between spontaneous language production (i.e., bilingual conversation and narration tasks) and cognitive control. Participants’ inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility efficiency was measured through verbal and spatial Stroop tasks, and a colour-shape switching task. Overall, it showed that frequent practices of intersentential switching in speech production resulted in significant facilitatory effects in both verbal and nonverbal inhibitory control. This study provides new evidence for the importance of bilingual language experience in adaptive cognitive control in naturalistic speech production and furthers our theoretical knowledge of the relationship between the language system and crucial domain-general cognitive processes.
Neonatal anthropometric indicators of infant growth and mortality in Burkina Faso
Authors: Bountogo Mamadou , Sié Ali , Zakane Alphonse , Compaoré Guillaume , Ouédraogo Thierry , Lebas Elodie , O’Brien Kieran Sunanda , Lietman Thomas M , Oldenburg Catherine E 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Most evidence supporting screening for undernutrition is for children aged 6–59 months. However, the highest risk of mortality and highest incidence of wasting occurs in the first 6 months of life. We evaluated relationships between neonatal anthropometric indicators, including birth weight, weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), weight-for-length Z-score (WLZ), length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and mortality and growth at 6 months of age among infants in Burkina Faso.

Design:
Data arose from a randomised controlled trial evaluating neonatal azithromycin administration for the prevention of child mortality. We evaluated relationships between baseline anthropometric measures and mortality, wasting (WLZ < –2), stunting (LAZ < –2) and underweight (WAZ < –2) at 6 months of age were estimated using logistic regression models adjusted for the child’s age and sex.

Setting:
Five regions of Burkina Faso.

Participants:
Infants aged 8–27 d followed until 6 months of age.

Results:
Of 21 832 infants enrolled in the trial, 7·9 % were low birth weight (<2500 g), 13·3 % were wasted, 7·7 % were stunted and 7·4 % were underweight at enrolment. All anthropometric deficits were associated with mortality by 6 months of age, with WAZ the strongest predictor (WAZ < –2 to ≥ –3 at enrolment v. WAZ ≥ –2: adjusted OR, 3·91, 95 % CI, 2·21, 6·56). Low WAZ was also associated with wasting, stunting, and underweight at 6 months.

Conclusions:
Interventions for identifying infants at highest risk of mortality and growth failure should consider WAZ as part of their screening protocol.
A CBT-based training module for UK health visitors who support parents with excessively crying babies: development and initial evaluation
Authors: St James-Roberts Ian , Griffiths Sarah , Watson Maggie , White Charlotte , Brown Jayne 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Parents report that around 20% of infants cry a lot without apparent reason during the first four postnatal months. This crying can trigger parental depression, breastfeeding cessation, overfeeding, impaired parent–child relationships and child development, and infant abuse. The Surviving Crying (SC) cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)-based materials were developed in earlier research to improve the coping, wellbeing and mental health of parents who judge their infant to be crying excessively.

Aim:
This study set out to:

develop a health visitor (HV) training module based on the SC materials, tailored to fit health visiting;

assess whether HVs could deliver a SC-based service successfully;

confirm whether parents gained similar benefits to those in the earlier study;

prepare for a controlled trial of the SC-based service.

Methods:
A training module was developed to enable HVs to deliver the SC materials, much of it provided online. Ten HVs took the training module (‘SC HVs’). They and the Institute of Health Visiting provided feedback to refine it. SC HV delivery of the CBT sessions to parents with excessively crying babies was assessed using a standardised test. Parental wellbeing was measured using validated questionnaires. Parents and SC HVs evaluated the effectiveness of the SC service using questionnaires or interviews.

Findings:
The study produced the intended training module. Most SC HVs completed the training, and 50% delivered the SC-based service successfully. Both training and delivery were disrupted by the Covid-19 pandemic, illness and work pressures. Replicating earlier findings: most parents’ anxiety and depression scores declined substantially after receiving the SC service; improvements in parents’ confidence, frustration and sleep were found; and all parents and the SC HVs interviewed found the SC service useful and agreed it should be included in the National Health Service. A controlled trial of the resulting SC service is underway.
Response to Bryan Mercurio's Caveat Emptor
Authors: Denamiel Thibault 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBryan Mercurio's brief accurately describes the inflection point of the global trading system as world governments retreat from free and fair trade. Chief among them is the United States, whose recent reversal is sending shockwaves throughout the rules-based economic world order. The United States' conflation of trade policy vis-à-vis China and national security, as well as the use of trade policy to garner political support from voters disenfranchised by the global trading system, have given way to industrial subsidies and protectionist tendencies. This article aims to build upon Mercurio's points and identify the underlying causes and long-term consequences of the current US direction. In addition, this piece differs from Dr Mercurio's assertions on three critical aspects of today's trade landscape. Firstly, industrial policy and economic security measures were first undertaken by China, and the United States and allied nations only followed suit. Secondly, the current US economic policy regarding China is severely constrained by today's political landscape, and the Biden administration's approach is moderate given these confines. Lastly, despite challenges, low-income countries can gain from the diversification movement as production shifts away from China.
Electro-optic tuning in composite silicon photonics based on ferroionic 2D materials
Authors: Dushaq Ghada , Serunjogi Solomon , Tamalampudi Srinivasa R. , Rasras Mahmoud 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTunable optical materials are indispensable elements in modern optoelectronics, especially in integrated photonics circuits where precise control over the effective refractive index is essential for diverse applications. Two-dimensional materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and graphene exhibit remarkable optical responses to external stimuli. However, achieving distinctive modulation across short-wave infrared (SWIR) regions while enabling precise phase control at low signal loss within a compact footprint remains an ongoing challenge. In this work, we unveil the robust electro-refractive response of multilayer ferroionic two-dimensional CuCrP2S6 (CCPS) in the near-infrared wavelength range. By integrating CCPS into silicon photonics (SiPh) microring resonators (MRR), we enhance light-matter interaction and measurement sensitivity to minute phase and absorption variations. Results show that electrically driven Cu ions can tune the effective refractive index on the order of 2.8 × 10−3 RIU (refractive index unit) while preserving extinction ratios and resonance linewidth. Notably, these devices exhibit low optical losses and excellent modulation efficiency of 0.25 V.cm with a consistent blue shift in the resonance wavelengths among all devices for either polarity of the applied voltage. These results outperform earlier findings on phase shifters based on TMDs. Furthermore, our study demonstrates distinct variations in electro-optic tuning sensitivity when comparing transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, revealing a polarization-dependent response that paves the way for diverse applications in light manipulation. The combined optoelectronic and ionotronic capabilities of two-terminal CCPS devices present extensive opportunities across several domains. Their potential applications range from phased arrays and optical switching to their use in environmental sensing and metrology, optical imaging systems, and neuromorphic systems in light-sensitive artificial synapses.