bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with relapsed or primary refractory childhood B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and mature B‐cell leukemia: A retrospective analysis of enrolled cases in Japan
Authors: Fujita Naoto , Mori Tetsuya , Mitsui Tetsuo , Inada Hiroko , Horibe Keizo , Tsurusawa Masahito 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundThere have been excellent treatment results for children with B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) and mature B‐cell leukemia (B‐ALL) in the last few decades. However, a small subset of relapsed or refractory patients, after first‐line therapy, still have a poor prognosis.ProcedureThirty‐three patients with relapsed or primary refractory B‐NHL/B‐ALL among 327 newly diagnosed patients between 1996 and 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAfter salvage therapy, 18 patients were chemotherapy‐sensitive and 15 patients suffered from progression. Among 18 patients who had a chemotherapy‐sensitive disease, 4 of 5 patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) during remission survived without progression, while 3 of 12 patients who did not receive HSCT were alive without disease progression. Fifteen patients never sensitive to salvage therapy died.ConclusionsPatients with relapsed/primary refractory B‐NHL/B‐ALL have a poor prognosis with current treatment approaches, while the patients sensitive to salvage therapy have a respectable chance to achieve a sustained complete second remission with HSCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:188–192. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of wood flour and chitosan on mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties of polylactide
Authors: Shah Bhavesh L. , Selke Susan E. , Walters Michael B. , Heiden Patricia A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractComposites of polylactide (PLA, 100–60 wt%) and wood flour (0–40 wt%) were prepared to assess the effects of wood filler content on the mechanical, chemical, thermal, and morphological properties of the composites. The polysaccharide chitosan (0–10 wt%) was added as a potential coupling agent for the PLA‐wood flour composites. Addition of wood flour significantly increased the flexural modulus and the storage modulus of PLA‐wood flour composite, but neither the wood flour nor chitosan had an effect on the glass transition temperature (Tg). Fourier transform infrared spectra did not show any evidence of covalent bonding, but chitosan at the interface between wood and PLA is thought to have formed hydrogen bonds to PLA‐carbonyl groups. SEM images of fracture surfaces showed that fiber breakage was far more common than fiber pullout in the composites. No evidence of discrete chitosan domains was seen in SEM micrographs. When added at up to 10 wt% (based on wood flour mass), chitosan showed no significant effect on the mechanical, chemical, or thermal properties of the composites, with property changes depending on wood flour content only. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
A novel method of hyperbranched poly(amide‐ester) modifying nano‐SiO2 and study of mechanical properties of PVC/nano‐SiO2 composites
Authors: Zhao Hui , Sun Ruimin , Luo Yunjun , Li Jie 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new method of surface chemical modification of nano‐SiO2 was proposed in the paper. In the presence of catalyst, the active hydroxyl groups on the surface of nano‐SiO2 reacted with AB2‐type monomer (N,N‐dihydroxyethyl‐3‐amino methyl propionate) by one‐step polycondensation. And the product's Fourier transform infrared graphs and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images proved that hyperbranched poly(amine‐ester) (HPAE) was grafted from nano‐SiO2 surface successfully. Moreover, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/modified nano‐SiO2 composites were made by melt‐blending. The composites' structures and mechanical properties were characterized by TEM, scanning electron microscopy, and electronic universal testing machine. The results showed that nano‐SiO2 grafted by HPAE increased obviously in dispersion in PVC matrix, and mechanical properties of PVC were effectively improved. Additionally, it was found that mechanical properties of PVC/nano‐SiO2 composites reached the best when weight percent of nano‐SiO2 in PVC matrix was 1%. Compared with crude PVC, the tensile strength of HPAE grafted nano‐SiO2/PVC composite increased by 24.68% and its break elongation, flexural strength, and impact strength increased by 15.73, 4.07, and 184.84%, respectively. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Short‐term effect of distilled water, seawater and temperature on the crushed and interlaminar shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic composites made by the newly proposed rubber pressure molding technique
Authors: Kar Kamal K. , Sharma S.D. , Mohanty A. , Kumar P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites are used in adverse environmental conditions i.e., variation of temperature, humidity, seawater, acidic water, chemicals, organic fuels, etc. It is important to investigate the crushed and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) behavior of these composite materials under adverse conditions. This study shows the effect of temperatures, seawater and distilled water on crushed and ILSS of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite panels made by a recently developed process known as rubber pressure molding (RPM) technique over a range of temperature from 0 to 150°C. The fiber volume fraction in the composite varies from 30 to 60%. The RPM technique is based on the matching die set, where the die is made of hard metal like steel and the punch from flexible rubber like materials. The use of flexible rubber punch helps to intensify and uniformly redistribute pressure (both operating pressure and developed hydrostatic pressure due to the flexible rubber punch under compression) on the surface of the complex shaped product. Natural rubber was used to prepare a rubber punch in this investigation. For performance evaluation of FRP composites made by RPM technique, FRP composites were also made by the conventional method and tested at the same temperatures. It is observed that the crushed and ILSS of FRP composites decreases towards higher extreme of the temperature range selected. FRP composites made by RPM technique show higher crushed and ILSS over the temperature range of 0–150°C compared to the FRP composites made by conventional process. Again crushed and ILSS increases with increasing fiber volume% in the composites made by both techniques. In addition to these results the crushed and ILSS decrease with dipping time both in distilled and seawater. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
InN layers grown by the HVPE
Authors: Syrkin A. L. , Ivantsov V. , Usikov A. , Dmitriev V. A. , Chambard G. , Ruterana P. , Davydov A. V. , Sundaresan S. G. , Lutsenko E. , Mudryi A. V. , Readinger E. D. , Chern‐Metcalfe G. D. , Wraback M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe report on the properties of high quality HVPE InN and on successful subsequent MBE growth of InN layers with improved characteristics on HVPE InN template substrates. InN layers were grown by HVPE on GaN/sapphire HVPE templates. The (00.2) XRD rocking curve of the best InN layer (RC) had the FWHM of about 375 arc sec, being the narrowest XRD RCs ever reported for HVPE InN. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed that at the GaN/InN interface, the threading dislocations that come from GaN were transmitted into the InN layer. We estimated the dislocation density in HVPE grown InN to be in the low 109 cm–2 range. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) confirmed monocrystalline structure of the InN layers surface. Layers photoluminescence (PL) showed edge emission around 0.8 eV. Hall measured free electron concentration was in the range of 1019 ‐1020 cm–3 and electron mobility was ∼200 cm2/V s. MBE growth of InN was performed on the HVPE grown InN template substrate demonstrating the improvement of material quality in the case of homo‐epitaxial growth of InN. Demonstration of the high quality HVPE InN materials opens a new way for InN substrate development. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Junction temperature analysis in green light emitting diode dies on sapphire and GaN substrates
Authors: Senawiratne J. , Zhao W. , Detchprohm T. , Chatterjee A. , Li Y. , Zhu M. , Xia Y. , Plawsky J. L. , Wetzel C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe investigate pn‐junction heating in 525 nm green GaInN/GaN quantum well light emitting diode dies by micro‐Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. We compare dies grown on GaN and sapphire substrates of different sizes at current densities up to 267 A/cm2. Analysis of the experiments was supported by realistic three‐dimensional finite‐element simulations of the thermal properties. Sapphire based LED dies reach a junction temperature as high as 240 °C at a current density of 133 A/cm2, while those on bulk GaN only heat to 83 °C. This corresponds to a thermal resistance of 428 K/W and 63 K/W, respectively. By help of this calibration, the role of junction temperature in the spectral light output performance is identified. From the numerical simulation, dimensions and thermal conductivity of the substrate are identified as the dominant control parameters. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A low‐leakage and reduced current collapse AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field effect transistor with AlOx gate insulator formed by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Sazawa H. , Nishikawa N. , Honda Y. , Hata M. , Yagi S. , Shimizu M. , Okumura H. , Sakurai T. , Akimoto K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe report on metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) heterostructure field‐effect transistor (HFET) with AlOx gate insulator formed by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method designed for achieving low gate leak and less current collapse. The AlOx insulator was formed successively onto the MOCVD‐grown AlGaN/GaN using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and n‐butyl ether as precursors. Flowing gas during the AlOx/AlGaN interface formation was mainly consisted of ammonia and nitrogen with the aim of preventing N vacancy creation and oxide formation on the AlGaN that could lead to the current collapse. The fabricated devices were evaluated under direct current mode. The gate leak current of the MIS‐HFET was three orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional (no insulator) HFET. The change in transition drain current examined as indicator of magnitude of the current collapse was found to be smaller in the MIS‐HFET than in the HFET. Advantages of the novel wafer preparation method and the MIS‐HFET were demonstrated. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Realization of 340 nm‐band high‐power InAlGaN‐based ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes by the suppression of electron overflow
Authors: Fujikawa Sachie , Takano Takayoshi , Kondo Yukihiro , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: April 2008

Abstract(In)AlGaN alloys are attracting much attention as candidate materials for realizing deep ultraviolet (UV) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). In this study, we demonstrated high‐power CW operations of 340 nm‐band InAlGaN‐based UV‐LEDs by suppressing electron overflow using optimized electron injection structures. LED layer structure consisting of quaternary InAlGaN quantum wells (QWs), Mg‐doped InAlGaN electron blocking layer (EBL) and Mg‐doped InAlGaN p‐type layers was grown on sapphire/AlN/AlGaN template by low‐pressure metal‐organic chemical‐vapor deposition (LP‐MOCVD). The output power was dramatically improved by increasing the potential barrier height of EBL. Furthermore, the output power was improved by increasing the depth of the quantum well. These tendencies agree well with the theoretical analysis calculated by a device simulator. The maximum output power was 8.4 mW under room temperature (RT) CW operation with peak emission wavelength at 346 nm. These results indicate that the suppression of electron overflow is quite important for the realization of high‐efficiency (In)AlGaN‐based UV‐LEDs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Redox and debromination reactions of brominated hypericin
Authors: Eriksson Emma S. E. , Guedes Rita C. , Eriksson Leif A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPhototoxic and radical‐generating debromination reactions of monobrominated hypericin with bromine at one of four possible positions were investigated using density functional theory. The study was performed on two closely lying conformational isomers, differing in the relative orientations of the two anthracene units of the hypericin core. Calculated adiabatic electron affinities show that the molecules have the ability to, in aqueous solution, extract an electron from the surrounding. The electron might then be passed on to molecular oxygen, forming reactive superoxide radical anions. If electron extraction from the molecule does not occur in this step, the molecule might dissociate, generating a negatively charged bromine as a leaving group and a hypericin radical capable of forming direct binding to biological molecules. This reaction was found possible for those species substituted by Br at two of the four positions, with barriers of ∼13 kcal/mol in aqueous solution. Debromination was not found energetically possible for neither the neutral ground state compounds nor the bay‐deprotonated species. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Closed‐loop identification of the time‐varying dynamics of variable‐speed wind turbines
Authors: van Wingerden J. W. , Houtzager I. , Felici F. , Verhaegen M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe trend with offshore wind turbines is to increase the rotor diameter as much as possible to decrease the costs per kWh. The increasing dimensions have led to the relative increase in the loads on the wind turbine structure. Because of the increasing rotor size and the spatial load variations along the blade, it is necessary to react to turbulence in a more detailed way: each blade separately and at several separate radial distances. This combined with the strong nonlinear behavior of wind turbines motivates the need for accurate linear parameter‐varying (LPV) models for which advanced control synthesis techniques exist within the robust control framework. In this paper we present a closed‐loop LPV identification algorithm that uses dedicated scheduling sequences to identify the rotational dynamics of a wind turbine. We assume that the system undergoes the same time variation several times, which makes it possible to use time‐invariant identification methods as the input and the output data are chosen from the same point in the variation of the system. We use time‐invariant techniques to identify a number of extended observability matrices and state sequences that are inherent to subspace identification identified in a different state basis. We show that by formulating an intersection problem all states can be reconstructed in a general state basis from which the system matrices can be estimated. The novel algorithm is applied on a wind turbine model operating in closed loop. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rehabilitation of an unloved child: semi‐splaying
Authors: Brinkmann Gunnar , Degraer Jan , De Loof Karel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSplay trees are widely considered as the classic examples of self‐adjusting binary search trees and are part of most courses on data structures and algorithms. Already in the first seminal paper on splay trees (J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 1985; 32(3):652–686) alternative operations were introduced, among which is semi‐splaying. On the one hand, the analysis of semi‐splaying gives a smaller constant for the amortized complexity, but on the other hand the authors write: Whether any version of semi‐splaying is an improvement over splaying depends on the access sequence. Semi‐splaying may be better when the access pattern is stable, but splaying adapts much faster to changes in usage. Maybe this sentence was the reason that nobody seriously ran tests to compare the performance of semi‐splaying and splaying. Semi‐splaying is conceptually simpler than splaying, has the same asymptotic amortized complexity and, as will be clear from empirical data presented in this paper, the practical performance is better for a very broad variety of access patterns. Therefore, its efficiency is a good reason to use semi‐splaying for applications instead of its more prominent brother. Moreover, its simplicity also makes it very attractive for teaching purposes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What World Health Assembly Resolution 60.22 Means to Those Who Care for the Injured
Authors: Mock Charles , Arafat Raed , Chadbunchachai Witaya , Joshipura Manjul , Goosen Jacques 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOn May 23, 2007, the World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted WHA Resolution 60.22, “Health Systems: Emergency Care Systems,” which called on the World Health Organization (WHO) and governments to adopt a variety of measures to strengthen trauma and emergency care services worldwide. This resolution constituted some of the highest level attention ever devoted to trauma care worldwide. This article reviews the background of this resolution and discusses how it can be of use to surgeons, emergency physicians, and others who care for the injured, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Trauma Care in New Zealand: It’s Time to Move Ahead
Authors: Christey Grant R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe quality of trauma care in New Zealand is good, but not optimal; it is characterized by skilled and dedicated staff relying on personal knowledge and institutional guidelines to deliver care. Quality assessment, standardization, and coordination of care continue to be hampered by the absence of a national trauma registry within the framework of a national trauma system. There is some hope that a planned regional pilot of the national trauma database will lead to more robust trauma system development, although this will only be achievable with solid governmental support.
An empirical assessment of the EFQM Excellence Model: Evaluation as a TQM framework relative to the MBNQA Model
Authors: Bou‐Llusar J. Carlos , Escrig‐Tena Ana B. , Roca‐Puig Vicente , Beltrán‐Martín Inmaculada 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTotal quality management (TQM) is an approach to management embracing both social and technical dimensions aimed at achieving excellent results, which needs to be put into practice through a specific framework. Nowadays, quality award models, such as the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) and the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model, are used as a guide to TQM implementation by a large number of organizations. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of empirical research confirming whether these models clearly reflect the main premises of TQM. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the extent to which the EFQM Excellence Model captures the main assumptions involved in the TQM concept, that is, the distinction between technical and social TQM issues, the holistic interpretation of TQM in the firm, and the causal linkage between TQM procedures and organizational performance.Based on responses collected from managers of 446 Spanish companies by means of a structured questionnaire, we find that: (a) social and technical dimensions are embedded in the model; (b) both dimensions are intercorrelated; (c) they jointly enhance results. These findings support the EFQM Excellence Model as an operational framework for TQM, and also reinforce the results obtained in previous studies for the MBNQA, suggesting that quality award models really are TQM frameworks.
The Challenge of Municipal Voting: Vancouver 2002
Authors: Cutler Fred , Matthews J. Scott 
Published: April 2008

Abstract.As compared with federal and provincial elections, municipal elections in Canada present voters with challenges of informational quantity and quality. These unique challenges have implications for the psychological structure of citizens' voting calculus. Using a survey of voters conducted after the city of Vancouver civic election of 2002, we estimate a model of vote choice for mayor. We show that voters respond to the different context in predictable ways: their choices are determined largely by ideological orientations and provincial partisanship, with local economic evaluations and local issues playing only a very small role.Résumé.Si on les compare aux élections fédérales et provinciales, les élections municipales au Canada posent, pour les électeurs, des problèmes d'accès à une information de qualité en quantité suffisante. Ces défis particuliers ont un impact sur la structure psychologique de leurs stratégies de vote. Nous estimerons ici un modèle de choix d'un candidat au poste de maire à l'aide des données d'un sondage effectué après les élections municipales de Vancouver de 2002. Nous démontrerons que les électeurs répondent à ce contexte différent de manière prévisible : leurs choix sont déterminés principalement par leur orientation idéologique et leur soutien partisan au niveau provincial, alors que l'évaluation de l'état de l'économie locale et les questions de politique locale ne jouent qu'un rôle limité.
Changes in Canadian Journalists' Views about the Social and
Political Roles of the News Media: A Panel Study, 1996–2003
Authors: Pritchard David , Brewer Paul R. , Sauvageau Florian 
Published: April 2008

Abstract. This article presents the findings of a panel study
of Canadian journalists, focusing on changes in their views about the
social and political roles of the news media between 1996 and 2003. The
results reveal substantial changes in journalists' views over the
seven-year period. In particular, the analysis documents an erosion of the
importance journalists attach to core roles of Canadian journalism, such
as accurately reporting the views of public figures, providing analyses of
complex problems, and giving ordinary people a chance to express their
views. The change was found almost exclusively among English-language
journalists rather than French-language journalists, suggesting the
possibility of an emerging cultural divide in opinions about such
roles.Résumé. Cet article présente les
résultats de deux enquêtes menées auprès
d'un même groupe de journalistes canadiens, l'une en 1996,
l'autre en 2003, et montre les changements importants intervenus en
quelques années dans les valeurs professionnelles des journalistes.
L'enquête de 2003 fait voir l'érosion de certaines
fonctions centrales du journalisme, comme le reportage fidèle des
propos des personnalités recontrées, l'analyse des
enjeux difficiles, et le souci de donner la parole aux gens ordinaires.
Ces changements se manifestent presque exclusivement chez les journalistes
anglophones, ce qui permet de croire à l'émergence
d'un écart entre journalistes anglophones et francophones dans
la perception de leur rôle.