bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Interval Neurocognitive Decline
Authors: Elfassy Tali , Kulandavelu Shathiyah , Dodds Leah , Mesa Robert A. , Rundek Tatjana , Sharashidze Vera , Paidas Michael , Daviglus Martha L. , Kominiarek Michelle A. , Stickel Ariana M. , Perreira Krista M. , Kobayashi Marissa A. , Garcia Tanya P. , Isasi Carmen R. , Lipton Richard B. , González Hector M. 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia, are associated with cognitive decline later in life among U.S. Hispanic/Latina individuals.

METHODS:
The HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) is a prospective population-based study of Hispanic/Latino individuals aged 18–74 years from four U.S. communities. This analysis included parous individuals aged 45 years or older who participated in the HCHS/SOL clinic study visit 1 (2008–2011) neurocognitive assessment and subsequently completed a repeat neurocognitive assessment as part of the Study of Latinos–Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging ancillary study visit 2 (2015–2018). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were assessed retrospectively by self-report of any gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or eclampsia. Cognitive functioning was measured at both study visits with the Brief Spanish-English Verbal Learning Test, Digit Symbol Substitution, and Word Fluency. A regression-based approach was used to define cognitive decline at visit 2 as a function of cognition at visit 1 after adjustment for age, education, and follow-up time. Linear regression models were used to determine whether hypertensive disorders of pregnancy or their component diagnoses were associated with standardized cognitive decline after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, clinical and behavioral risk factors, and follow-up time.

RESULTS:
Among 3,554 individuals included in analysis, the mean age was 56.2 years, and 467 of individuals (13.4%) reported at least one hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy compared with those without were more likely to have higher mean systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and body mass index. After an average of 7 years of follow-up, in fully adjusted models, gestational hypertension was associated with a 0.17-SD relative decline in Digit Symbol Substitution scores (95% CI, −0.31 to −0.04) but not other cognitive domains (Brief Spanish-English Verbal Learning Test or Word Fluency). Neither preeclampsia nor eclampsia was associated with neurocognitive differences.

CONCLUSION:
The presence of preeclampsia or eclampsia was not associated with interval neurocognitive decline. In this cohort of U.S. Hispanic/Latina individuals, gestational hypertension alone was associated with decreased processing speed and executive functioning later in life.
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Stern Rachel , Bibi Moses , Keltz Martin D. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Since the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, a variety of long–COVID-19 symptoms and autoimmune complications have been recognized.

CASES:
We report three cases of autoimmune premature poor ovarian response in patients aged 30–37 years after mild to asymptomatic COVID-19 before vaccination, with nucleotide antibody confirmation. Two patients failed to respond to maximum-dose gonadotropins for more than 4 weeks, despite a recent history of response before having COVID-19. After a month of prednisone 30 mg, these two patients had normal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, high oocyte yield, and blastocyst formation in successful in vitro fertilization cycles. All three patients have above-average anti-müllerian hormone levels that persisted throughout their clinical ovarian insufficiency. Two patients had elevated FSH levels, perhaps resulting from FSH receptor blockade. One patient, with a history of high response to gonadotropins 75 international units per day and below-normal FSH levels, had no ovarian response to more than a month of gonadotropins (525 international units daily), suggesting autoimmune block of the FSH glycoprotein and possible FSH receptor blockade.

CONCLUSION:
Auto-antibody production in response to COVID-19 before vaccination may be a rare cause of autoimmune poor ovarian response. Although vaccination is likely protective, further study will be required to evaluate the effect of vaccination and duration of autoimmune FSH or FSH receptor blockade.
Highlighting recent progress in the treatment of men with advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Gourdin Theodore 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
This review is designed to highlight recent research efforts to optimize treatment strategies in men with advanced prostate cancer.

Recent findings
Recent research analyses have suggested an overall survival advantage to treating some men with newly identified metastatic prostate cancer with a “triplet” of androgen deprivation therapy, docetaxel, and an androgen receptor axis-targeted agent (ARAT), but further work remains to refine which men need this aggressive of a treatment approach. Randomized trials have led to the approval of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor/ARAT agent combinations for some men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer, but the applicability of this approach to the growing number of men receiving combinations of systemic therapy in the castration-sensitive setting is unclear. Trials to refine use of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed radiopharmaceuticals are ongoing, while novel treatment approaches targeting mechanisms driving advanced prostate cancer continue to be explored.

Summary
Ongoing research focuses on refining the best combination and sequence of treatments for men with advanced prostate cancer. Future questions remain about use of existing therapies, and novel treatment approaches need to be developed.
Cutaneous Syncytial Myoepithelioma: An Uncommon and Distinct Variant of Cutaneous Epithelioid Neoplasm
Authors: Shaker Nada , Phelps Robert , Niedt George , Sangueza Omar P. , Youngs Julie , Lauer Scott , Pradhan Dinesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma (CSM) is an uncommon and distinct variant of cutaneous myoepithelioma. We aim to present a case of CSM to enhance the recognition of this unique variant, encompassing its clinical characteristics, histopathological features, immunohistochemical staining, and therapeutic approaches.

Case presentation:
A 10-year-old girl presented with a dome-shaped nodule located on the skin of her left medial distal arm. Microscopic examination of the skin biopsy revealed a well-defined dermal nodular lesion, surrounded by an epidermal collarette. Tumor cells were composed of epithelioid to spindle-shaped cells with round-to-oval nuclei, small nucleoli, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with a syncytial-like growth pattern. A moderate degree of nuclear pleomorphism was noted. Mitotic activity was not prominent. Immunohistochemical staining revealed positive staining for epithelial membrane antigen, GLUT1, collagen IV, and S100. Smooth muscle actin, CD10, and CD68 showed patchy positivity. CD31, CD34, p63, SOX10, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), glial fibrillary acidic protein, pankeratin (AE1/AE3/PCK26), Melan-A, and CD1a were negative. Fluorescence in situ hybridization targeting TFE3 and ALK genes was negative. The differential diagnosis included ALK-negative epithelioid cell histiocytoma, epithelioid perineurioma, and CSM. Based on the above findings, a diagnosis of CSM was rendered.

Discussion:
CSM is a benign cutaneous neoplasm composed of sheets of histiocytoid or short spindle cells with pale eosinophilic cytoplasm with a syncytial-like growth pattern. Clinically, CSM often presents as a painless, slow-growing nodule or plaque in a broad anatomical distribution with a preference for the distal extremities.. CSM is characteristically positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and S100 protein and negative for keratins. In challenging cases, molecular testing for EWSR1 gene rearrangement and EWSR1-PBX3 gene fusion aid in confirming the diagnosis.

Conclusions:
The histologic features of CSM present a unique set of challenges posing a diagnostic dilemma, as they can bear resemblance to a range of benign and malignant cutaneous neoplasms including ALK-negative epithelioid cell histiocytoma, epithelioid perineurioma, malignant or nevoid melanoma, and epithelioid sarcoma. An accurate diagnosis is crucial for guiding proper clinical management considering that this entity typically demonstrates an excellent prognosis following a complete surgical excision.
The Effect of Phacoemulsification on the Intraocular Pressure of Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Benekos Konstantinos , Katsanos Andreas , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Dastiridou Anna , Nikolaidou Anna , Konstas Anastasios G. 
Published: April 2024

Précis:
There is evidence that cataract surgery can reduce intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle, normal tension, or exfoliative glaucoma. The complete effect of phacoemulsification is masked by topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications.

Purpose:
To assess the impact of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation on intraocular pressure (IOP) level in individuals with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), exfoliation syndrome (XFS), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), ocular hypertension (OH), or healthy controls 12 months after the surgery.

Methods:
In July 2023, a comprehensive literature review was conducted across six databases. The analysis focused on the phacoemulsification arms of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome of interest was the mean IOP change observed 12 months after phacoemulsification.

Results:
This meta-analysis included 9 arms from 9 RCTs, comprising a total of 502 participants. Overall, the average IOP was reduced by 3.77 mm Hg (95% CI: −5.55 to −1.99, I
2=67.9%) 12 months after surgery. The subgroup analysis, focused on whether a washout period was used before measuring IOP, revealed that studies with a washout period exhibited a more pronounced IOP reduction of 5.25 mm Hg (95% CI: −7.35 to −3.15, I
2=0%), while studies without a washout period exhibited a reduction of 3.13 mm Hg (95% CI: −5.46 to −0.81, I
2=75.8%). The sensitivity analysis for the latter group, excluding an outlier study, showed a reduction of 1.81 mm Hg (95% CI: −2.95 to −0.67, I
2=0%).

Conclusions:
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that cataract surgery meaningfully lowers IOP in POAG, XFG/XFS, or OH 12 months after surgery. However, the use of topical medications masks the precise impact of phacoemulsification upon postoperative IOP. Further research using appropriate washout periods is warranted.
Skin Involvement
Authors: Ana Pulido-Pérez , Marta Bergón-Sendín , Ricardo Suárez-Fernández , Rosell-Diaz Ángel Manuel , Lucía Barchino-Ortiz , Lula Nieto-Benito , Patricia Muñoz , Emilio Bouza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Skin involvement can occur at the beginning of a septic episode (primary skin and soft tissue infections) or during its progression (secondary or metastatic skin lesions), making skin a useful accessible tissue in the study of septic patients. The objective of this study was to determine the overall prevalence of sepsis-related skin findings and evaluate their possible prognostic value. A retrospective, single-center study of septic patients with documented bloodstream infections admitted in a tertiary hospital in 2019 was carried out. Unselected samples of 320 episodes of sepsis from 265 patients were included. Skin lesions were documented in 83 septic episodes from 69 patients (25.9%). Skin involvement was more frequently associated with bloodstream infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (P = 0.0001), coagulase-negative staphylococci (P = 0.036), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P = 0.005). Mean hospital stay (37.58 vs 27.82 days, P = 0.023) and sepsis-related mortality (18.1% vs 11.0%, P = 0.024) were higher in patients with skin lesions than in individuals without them. Our results suggest that skin involvement (primary and/or secondary) is an unfavorable indicator in the evolution of septic patients with bloodstream infections. Thorough examination of the skin is recommended in the routine evaluation of septic patients, whether or not the origin of the infection is known.
Mitochondrial bioenergetics: coupling of transport to tubular mitochondrial metabolism
Authors: Cheng Yong-Yao W. , Cheng Chih-Jen 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Renal tubules have robust active transport and mitochondrial metabolism, which are functionally coupled to maintain energy homeostasis. Here, I review the current literature and our recent efforts to examine mitochondrial adaptation to different transport activities in renal tubules.

Recent findings
The advance of extracellular flux analysis (EFA) allows real-time assessments of mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and oxidation of energy substrates. We applied EFA assays to freshly isolated mouse proximal tubules, thick ascending limbs (TALs), and distal convoluted tubules (DCTs) and successfully differentiated their unique metabolic features. We found that TALs and DCTs adjusted their mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis in response to acute and chronic alterations of transport activity. Based on the literature and our recent findings, I discuss working models and mechanisms underlying acute and chronic tubular adaptations to transport activity. The potential roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) are discussed.

Summary
Mitochondria in renal tubules are highly plastic to accommodate different transport activities. Understanding the mechanisms may improve the treatment of renal tubulopathies.
The Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Categorization of Pediatric Neck Lymph Nodes: Radiologic and Pathologic Correlations
Authors: Caliskan Emine , Paytoncu Naz , G. Düzkalır Hanife , Arifoglu Meral , Fistikcioglu Neriman , Gunbey Hediye P. 
Published: April 2024

Background/Aim:
To present MRI features of neck lymph nodes in benign and malignant conditions in the pediatric population.

Materials and Methods:
MRIs of the neck of 51 patients aged 1 to 18 years (40 boys, 11 girls [10.08±4.73]) with lymph node biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. Those were grouped as benign including reactive (27 [52.9%]) and lymphadenitis (11 [21.6%]), and malignant (13 [25.5%]). The groups were evaluated multiparametrically in terms of quantitative and qualitative variables.

Results:
The long axis, short axis, area, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the largest lymph node were 21 (17 to 24) mm, 14 (12 to 18) mm, 228.60 (144.79 to 351.82) mm2, 2531 (2457 to 2714) mm2/s for reactive, 24 (19 to 27) mm, 15 (11 to 20) mm, 271.80 (231.43 to 412.20) mm2, 2534 (2425 to 2594) mm2/s for lymphadenitis, 27 (23.50 to 31.50) mm, 20 (15 to 22) mm, 377.08 (260.47 to 530.94) mm2, 2337 (2254 to 2466) mm2/s for malignant, respectively. Statistical analysis of our data suggests that the following parameters are associated with a higher likelihood of malignancy: long axis >22 mm, short axis >16 mm, area >319 cm2, ADC value <2367 mm2/s, and supraclavicular location. Perinodal and nodal heterogeneity, posterior cervical triangle location are common in lymphadenitis (P<0.001). Reactive lymph nodes are distributed symmetrically in both neck halves (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
In the MRI-based approach to lymph nodes, not only long axis, short axis, surface area, and ADC, but also location, distribution, perinodal, and nodal heterogeneity should be used.
A Single-Center Experience of Radiotherapy in Pediatric Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Chest Wall
Authors: Yigit Ecem , Gultekin Melis , Aydin Burca , Kutluk Tezer , Yuce Sari Sezin , Ekinci Saniye , Orhan Diclehan , Yildiz Ferah 
Published: April 2024

Aim:
To evaluate the treatment results, prognostic parameters, and treatment-related toxicity in patients with Ewing sarcoma (ES)/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the chest wall who underwent surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT) in a tertiary referral center.

Methods:
The data of 24 patients under 18 years of age with a histologic diagnosis of ES/PNET in the chest wall that received RT in our department between February 2003 and July 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. RT was applied to the primary site±whole involved chest wall and to the whole lung in patients with lung metastasis.

Results:
The median age was 8.5 years (range: 1.5 to 17 y), 15 (63%) patients were female and 9 were male (37%). The tumor localization was extrathoracic in 18 (75%) and intrathoracic in 6 (25%) patients. Mediastinal lymph node and distant metastasis (DM) was present in 5 (21%) and 4 (16%) cases at diagnosis, respectively. The median follow-up after RT was 47 months (range: 11 to 162 mo). The 2-year and 5-year overall survival, event-free survival, local recurrence-free survival, and pleural recurrence-free survival were 83% and 48%, 48% and 42%, 74% and 48%, and 61% and 52%, respectively. The overall local control rate was 83% and the pleural control rate was 67%. RT was well tolerated, with 1 case of grade 3 acute dermatitis and 1 case of grade 3 subacute radiation pneumonitis. Late toxicity was observed in 3 (13%) cases.

Conclusion:
Long-term survival can be achieved with extended-field RT even in patients with ES/PNET of the chest wall with DM. The low toxicity rates allow us to draw the conclusion that RT with modern techniques is an effective and safe treatment modality for these patients.
Childhood Racism and Cardiometabolic Risk in Latina Mothers Across the First Postpartum Year
Authors: Harris Rebeca Alvarado , Crandell Jamie , Taylor Jacquelyn Y. , Santos Hudson P. 
Published: April 2024

Objective
Immigrant Latinas, particularly of Mexican descent, initially achieve healthy perinatal outcomes. Although this advantage wears off across generations in the United States (US), the early life psychosocial mechanisms that may initiate a cascade of biological vulnerabilities remain elusive. The current investigation aimed to understand the extent to which childhood experiences of racism may contribute to elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an early indicator of cardiometabolic risk, during the first postpartum year.

Methods
Latinas from the Community and Child Health Network (N = 457) retrospectively reported experiences of childhood racism and childhood country of residence via structured questionnaires. Interviewers collected CRP bloodspots and height and weight measurements for body mass index at 6 months and 1 year postpartum.

Results
Latinas who grew up in the US experienced a steeper increase of CRP levels across the first postpartum year (β = 0.131, p = .009) and had higher CRP levels 1 year postpartum than Latinas who grew up in Latin America. Based on Bayesian path analyses, Latinas who grew up in the US reported higher levels of childhood racism than Latinas who immigrated after childhood (β = 0.27; 95% credible interval = 0.16–0.37). In turn, childhood racism mediated the relationship between country of childhood residence and elevated CRP at 6 months and 1 year postpartum, even after adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioral covariates. After adjusting for body mass index, mediational relationships became nonsignificant.

Conclusions
This study is an important first step toward understanding how childhood racism may contribute to postmigratory health patterns among Latinas, particularly cardiometabolic risk 1 year after childbirth.
Conditional deletion of CEACAM1 causes hepatic stellate cell activation
Authors: Muturi Harrison T. , Ghadieh Hilda E. , Asalla Suman , Lester Sumona G. , Verhulst Stefaan , Stankus Hannah L. , Zaidi Sobia , Abdolahipour Raziyeh , Belew Getachew D. , van Grunsven Leo A , Friedman Scott L. , Schwabe Robert F. , Hinds Terry D. , Najjar Sonia M. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesHepatic CEACAM1 expression declines with advanced hepatic fibrosis stage in patients with MASH. Global and hepatocyte-specific deletions ofCeacam1impair insulin clearance to cause hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis. They also cause hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, a condition characterized by excessive collagen production from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Given the positive effect of PPARγ on CEACAM1 transcriptoin and on HSCs quiescence, the current studies investigated whether CEACAM1 loss from HSCs causes their activation.MethodsWe examined whether lentiviral shRNA-mediated CEACAM1 donwregulation (KD-LX2) activates cultured human LX2 stellate cells. We also generatedLratCre+Cc1fl/flmutants with conditionalCeacam1deletion in HSCs and characterized their MASH phenotype. Media transfer experiments were employed to examine whether media from mutant human and murine HSCs activate their wild-type counterparts.ResultsLratCre+Cc1fl/flmutants displayed hepatic inflammation and fibrosis but without insulin resistance or hepatic steatosis. Their HSCs, like KD-LX2 cells, underwent myofibroblastic transformation and their media activated wild-type HDCs. This was inhibited by nicotinic acid treatment which stemmed the release of IL-6 and fatty acids, both of which activate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. Gefitinib inhibition of EGFR and its downstream NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 inflammatory and MAPK-proliferation pathways also blunted HSCs activation in the absence of CEACAM1.ConclusionsLoss of CEACAM1 in HSCs provoked their myofibroblastic transformation in the absence of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. This response is mediated by autocrine HSCs activation of the EGFR pathway that amplifies inflammation and proliferation.