bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of wind speed prediction methods at offshore sites
Authors: McQueen Dougal , Watson Simon 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAs ever more offshore sites are being investigated for the installation of wind farms, there is a need for accurate estimates of the long‐term mean wind speeds at these sites. The cost of installing masts at offshore sites is high compared with onshore sites. In the short term this cost may be difficult to avoid. However, if a developer could get an estimate of the expected long‐term mean wind speed at a potential offshore site using available onshore data sets, this could at least inform the choice of site for more advanced monitoring. With this in mind we present the results of using a number of simple standard analyses to infer the wind speed at three UK offshore masts and a mast and lighthouse off the coast of Ireland. Onshore surface wind measurements, upper air measurements, numerical weather prediction model output pressure data on a regular grid, wind speed output from two numerical weather prediction models and reanalysis data are transformed to the sites of interest using relatively simple methods neglecting the effect of topography or a roughness change‐induced internal boundary layer and assuming neutral atmospheric stability. The predicted wind speeds are compared with actual measurements at the offshore masts and any discrepancies are assessed and discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of a few statistical models for making quantile wind power forecasts
Authors: Bremnes John Bjørnar 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDuring the last few years, probabilistic wind power forecasts have received increasing attention because of their assumed value in decision‐making processes. In the current article, three statistical methods are described and several models based on these are compared. The statistical methods are local quantile regression, a local Gaussian model and the Nadaraya–Watson estimator for conditional cumulative distribution functions. The focus is on quantile forecasts, since these often provide the required type of information to make optimal economic decisions and are ideal for visualizing uncertainty. The statistical methods are applied to data from a wind farm in Norway and results are compared using appropriate measures for assessment of quantile forecasts and in terms of a simple model for economic value. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective Radiation Dose from Radiologic Studies in Pediatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Kim Patrick K. , Zhu Xiaowei , Houseknecht Eileen , Nickolaus Delia , Mahboubi Soroosh , Nance Michael L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEvaluation of the pediatric trauma patient frequently requires radiologic studies. Although low‐dose radiation from diagnostic radiology is considered safe, lifetime risks per unit dose of radiation are increased in children compared to adults. The total effective dose of radiation to a typical pediatric trauma patient is unknown. We sought to estimate the total effective dose of radiation related to the radiologic assessment of injured children admitted to a pediatric Level I trauma center. We reviewed the radiology records of all children admitted directly to a trauma center in 2002 and tabulated all plain films, computed tomograms, angiographic/fluoroscopic studies, and nuclear medicine studies. Using age‐adjusted effective doses (which incorporate biologic effects of radiation), we computed each patient’s total effective dose of radiation. Of 506 admitted patients, 394 (78%) underwent at least one radiologic study. The mean total effective dose per patient was 14.9 mSv (median: 7.2 mSv; interquartile range: 2.2–27.4 mSv). On average, computed tomography accounted for 97.5% of total effective dose. Age and injury severity score did not predict total effective dose. We conclude that in pediatric trauma patients, the estimated total effective dose of radiation varied widely. Computed tomography contributed virtually the entire total effective dose. Regarding radiographic evaluation of pediatric trauma patients, the risks and benefits of current practices should continue to be evaluated critically, because lifetime risks associated with radiation exposure are inversely proportional to age at exposure.
Envoys and Illusions: the Japanese embassy to Europe, 1582–90, De Missione Legatorvm Iaponensium, and the Portuguese viceregal embassy to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 1591
Authors: Massarella Derek 
Published: December 2005

AbstractOn 20 February 1582 when Alessandro Valignano, Visitor to the Jesuit missions in the East Indies (the geographical area from Goa eastwards, to Japan, and southwards, to the Indonesian archipelago) left Japan, the country had been in a state of civil war, (the sengoku jidai) for more than a century. That was about to change. Oda Nobunaga had succeeded in uniting the central and western parts of Honshu under his rule and was intent on imposing his rule over the rest of the country. The Jesuits considered him if not quite a patron, then certainly someone sympathetic to Christianity and their mission in Japan. Yet on 22 June Nobunaga died, the victim of an attack by an ambitious rival, and ironically, considering the previous esteem in which he had been held, unlamented by the Jesuits who believed that during the final months of his life he had transformed himself into a megalomanic tyrant, a Nebuchadnezzar.
Obituary Dr Mildred Archer OBE, MA(OXON), D.Litt (1911–2005)
Authors: Head Raymond 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDr Mildred Archer who died on February 4th 2005 aged 93 was the wife of Dr William “Bill” Archer OBE, MA (Cantab), D.Litt who died in 1979. For several decades she had been Curator of the Prints and Drawings Department at the old India Office Library before it amalgamated with the British Library. It was through her pioneering work on cataloguing those diverse and unknown collections that a new branch of art history came into being, an art form she called “Company” painting; art that had been drawn by European or Indian artists during the time of the East India Company.
Anniversary General Meeting of the Royal Asiatic Society, Thursday 12 May 2005
Authors: Robinson Francis 
Published: December 2005

AbstractI begin by thanking the Honorary Treasurer for his report for 2004. You will note that, sadly, this will be his last report to the Society's anniversary general meeting. During the coming year Kit Naylor will step down as Honorary Treasurer. He would like to do so now, but has very kindly agreed to see the Society through its move. This has the added benefit of permitting his intended successor, Brampton Mundy, to shadow him. Kit, the Society is hugely in your debt for the time, the judgement and the goodwill you have, over the past eight years, brought to its affairs. This meeting should know that Council has commissioned a portrait drawing of Kit with the Society's bust of Henry Thomas Colebrooke in the background. Colebrooke, you will recall, was the Society's first Director and is Kit's ancestor, to whom he bears an uncanny likeness. This is a personal acknowledgement by members of Council of Kit's contribution. The portrait will be on display upstairs.
Spinal cord ependymoma: Retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes of 14 patients
Authors: Zaucha R. , Sosińska-Mielcarek K. , Zander I. , Szewczyk P. , Jassem J. 
Published: December 2005

Spinal cord ependymomas are relatively rare tumours and their management is not well established. This retrospective analysis was performed to examine the outcome of patients treated for this malignancy at our institution between 1982 and 2004.Hospital charts of 14 consecutive patients (10 men and four women) aged 8 to 58 years (median 32 years) were retrospectively analysed. This series included nine extramedullary and five intramedullary well differentiated (eight – G1, six – G2) ependymomas. All patients were treated with primary surgery. Postoperative radiotherapy was administered in 12 patients after subtotal excision. Total dose ranged from 35Gy in 17 fractions to 50.4Gy in 28 fractions. One patient experienced spinal axis failure despite complete resection of the primary tumour and was managed with salvage radiotherapy and chemotherapy following surgical excision of the relapse. There have been no radiotherapy-related serious side effects.One patient was lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 13 patients, at a median follow-up of 5.5 years (3 months to 20 years), 12 were alive including 11 without progression.Conclusion: In our group of patients radiotherapy following subtotal resection or used as a single modality was well tolerated and resulted in 92% long-term survival.
Ca2+‐mediated ascorbate release from coronary artery endothelial cells
Authors: Davis Kim A , Samson Sue E , Best Kelly , Mallhi Kanwaldeep K , Szewczyk Magdalena , Wilson John X , Kwan Chiu‐Yin , Grover Ashok K 
Published: December 2005

The addition of Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or ATP to freshly isolated or cultured pig coronary artery endothelial cells (PCEC) potentiated the release of ascorbate (Asc). Cultured PCEC were used to characterize the Ca2+‐mediated release. An increase in Ca2+‐mediated Asc release was observed from PCEC preincubated with Asc, Asc‐2‐phosphate or dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA).
The effects of various ATP analogs and inhibition by suramin were consistent with the ATP‐induced release being mediated by P2Y2‐like receptors.
ATP‐stimulated Asc release was Ca2+‐mediated because (a) ATP analogs that increased Asc release also elevated cytosolic [Ca2+], (b) Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and cyclopiazonic acid stimulated the Asc release, (c) removing extracellular Ca2+ and chelating intracellular Ca2+inhibited the ATP‐induced release, and (d) inositol‐selective phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 also inhibited this release.
Accumulation of Asc by PCEC was examined at Asc concentrations of 10 μM (Na+‐Asc symporter not saturated) and 5 mM (Na+‐Asc symporter saturated). At 10 μM Asc, A23187 and ATP caused an inhibition of Asc accumulation but at 5 mM Asc, both the agents caused a stimulation. Substituting gluconate for chloride did not affect the basal Asc uptake but it abolished the effects of A23187.
PCEC but not pig coronary artery smooth muscle cells show a Ca2+‐ mediated Asc release pathway that may be activated by agents such as ATP.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 131–139. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706492
Porcine left atrial and sinoatrial 5‐HT4receptor‐induced responses: fading of the response and influence of development
Authors: De Maeyer Joris H , Straetemans Roel , Schuurkes Jan A J , Lefebvre Romain A 
Published: December 2005

In this study, we aimed to characterizein vitrothe effects of the benzofuran 5‐HT4receptor agonists prucalopride, R149402 and R199715 and the indolic agents tegaserod and 5‐HT in the atria of young pigs (10–11 weeks) and newborn piglets.In the paced left atrium of young pigs, only 5‐HT results in positive inotropic responses when administered cumulatively (maximal effect relative to isoprenaline=53%, pEC50=6.8); however, all agonists showed lusitropic effects. Noncumulative administration results in greater positive inotropic responses for 5‐HT and induces moderate positive inotropic responses for the other agonists; these responses fade.Phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme inhibition with 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX; 20 μM) enhances the responses to cumulatively administered 5‐HT (maximal effect=89%, pEC50=7.7) and reveals clear positive inotropic effects for prucalopride, tegaserod, R149402 and R199715; fading is abolished. The maximal effect of the benzofurans is less pronounced than that of the indoles.In the spontaneously beating right atrium of young pigs, all agonists show chronotropic activity when administered cumulatively in the absence of IBMX, without fade. Benzofurans behaved as partial agonists compared to 5‐HT (maximal effect=54%, pEC50=6.5).In newborns, the inotropic activity of the agonists in the IBMX‐treated left atrium was less pronounced than in the young pig; the same applied for the chronotropic response in the right atrium, except for 5‐HT.In conclusion, the atrial responses to 5‐HT4receptor activation increase in the first months of life; the inotropic response is regulated by PDEs. Prucalopride, R149402 and R199715 are partial agonists compared to 5‐HT.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)147, 140–157. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706497
Distribution and pharmacological characterization of primate NK‐1 and NK‐3 tachykinin receptors in the central nervous system of the rhesus monkey
Authors: Nagano Masatoshi , Saitow Fumihito , Haneda Eisuke , Konishi Shiro , Hayashi Motoharu , Suzuki Hidenori 
Published: December 2005

Much attention has focused on tachykinin receptors as therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders, although their expressional distributions in the primate central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. We cloned the genes encoding the NK‐1 and NK‐3 tachykinin receptors (referred to as rmNK‐1 and rmNK‐3) from the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) brain and examined their pharmacological profiles and regional distributions in the CNS.
The deduced rmNK‐1 amino‐acid sequence differed by only two amino acids from the human NK‐1 (hNK‐1). The deduced rmNK‐3 amino‐acid sequence was two amino acids shorter than human NK‐3 (hNK‐3), with a seven‐amino‐acid difference in sequence.
Ligand binding studies revealed that the affinity of rmNK‐1 to substance P (SP) was comparable to that of hNK‐1 in cell lines that expressed individual receptors stably. Nonpeptide antagonists had similar effects on the binding of rmNK‐1 and hNK‐1. Affinity of rmNK‐3 for NKB was stronger than for SP and the IC50 value was comparable with that of hNK‐3. Ca2+ imaging showed that activations of both rmNK‐1 and rmNK‐3 by specific ligands, SP and senktide, induced increased intracellular Ca2+ in cell lines that stably expressed individual primate tachykinin receptors.
The amounts of rmNK‐1 and rmNK‐3 mRNAs were quantitatively determined in the monkey CNS. The expression of rmNK‐1 was observed in all of the cortical and subcortical regions, including the hippocampus and the amygdala. The putamen contained the most NK‐1 mRNA in the brain, with less rmNK‐3 mRNA found in the cortex compared to rmNK‐1 mRNA. In the monkey hippocampus and amygdala, rmNK‐1 mRNA was present at markedly higher concentrations than rmNK‐3 mRNA.
The present results provide an insight into the distinct physiological nature and significance of the NK‐1 and NK‐3 tachykinin systems in the primate CNS. These findings are indispensable for establishing model systems in the search for a subtype‐specific tachykinin receptor agonist and antagonist for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 316–323. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706561
Location, movement and survival: the role of chemokines in haematopoiesis and malignancy
Authors: Laurence Arian D. J. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryChemokines are a family of over 40 small (8 kDa) related proteins with the function of moving cells along a chemotactic gradient, either to organise cells within an organ or to facilitate the movement of leucocytes around the body. Mouse models have implicated the importance of the chemokine CXCL12 in haematopoiesis and this has lead to the use of the inhibitor AMD3100 for autologous transplantation. This review will briefly discuss the biology of chemokines and their role in haematopoiesis and haematological malignancy together with the possible benefits and hazards of therapeutic modification of the chemokine system.
Multilineage involvement of the fusion gene in patients with FIP1L1/PDGFRA‐positive hypereosinophilic syndrome
Authors: Robyn Jamie , Lemery Steven , Philip McCoy J. , Kubofcik Joseph , Kim Yae‐Jean , Pack Svetlana , Nutman Thomas B. , Dunbar Cynthia , Klion Amy D. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryMyeloproliferative hypereosinophilic syndrome (MHES) is a disorder characterised by male predominance, marked eosinophilia, splenomegaly, tissue fibrosis, elevated serum tryptase and the presence of the FIP1L1/PDGFRA fusion gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The characteristic hypercellular bone marrow with dysplastic eosinophils and spindle‐shaped mast cells suggest that multiple lineages may be involved in the clonal process. To determine which haematopoietic lineages are involved in MHES, we purified cells of specific lineages from patients with MHES and used nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), quantitative RT‐PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridisation to analyse the purified cell populations for the presence of the fusion gene. The fusion gene was detected in eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, T cells, B cells and monocytes. These results suggest that the mutation arises in a pluripotential haematopoietic progenitor cell capable of giving rise to multiple lineages. The basis for the preferential expansion of eosinophils and mast cells remains unclear.
Two new phosphoglycerate kinase mutations associated with chronic haemolytic anaemia and neurological dysfunction in two patients from Spain
Authors: Noel Núria , Flanagan John , Kalko Susana G. , Bajo Maria Jose Ramirez , Mañú María del Mar , Fuster José Luis Garcia , Beutler Ernest , Corrons Joan‐Lluís Vives 
Published: December 2005

SummaryWe report two previously undescribed mutations of the phosphoglycerate kinase gene (PGK1) leading to enzyme deficiency. In both cases, the patients were of Spanish origin and they exhibited a severe life‐long chronic haemolytic anaemia associated with progressive neurological impairment. Sequence analysis of the first patient's entire PGK1 gene found a novel missense mutation (140T > A). This mutation caused an amino acid change of Ile to Asn at 46th position from the NH2‐terminal serine residue (Ile46Asn), which has been called PGK‐Barcelona based on the place of origin of the patient. In the second patient, a G to A transversion was discovered at nucleotide 958 (958G > A). This caused a Ser319Asn amino acid substitution. Since this mutation had not been previously described, the provisional name of PGK‐Murcia was given to this deficient enzyme. The crystal structure of porcine PGK was used as a molecular model to investigate how these mutations may affect enzyme structure and function. In both cases, the mutations did not modify any of the PGK binding sites for ATP or 3PG, so their consequence is related to a loss of enzyme stability rather than a decrease of enzyme catalytic function.
Genomic and expression profiling identifies the B‐cell associated tyrosine kinase Syk as a possible therapeutic target in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Rinaldi Andrea , Kwee Ivo , Taborelli Monica , Largo Cristina , Uccella Silvia , Martin Vittoria , Poretti Giulia , Gaidano Gianluca , Calabrese Giuseppe , Martinelli Giovanni , Baldini Luca , Pruneri Giancarlo , Capella Carlo , Zucca Emanuele , Cotter Finbarr E. , Cigudosa Juan C. , Catapano Carlo V. , Tibiletti Maria G. , Bertoni Francesco 
Published: December 2005

SummaryAmong B‐cell lymphomas mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has the worst prognosis. By using a combination of genomic and expression profiling (Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping 10k Xba131 and U133 set), we analysed 26 MCL samples to identify genes relevant to MCL pathogenesis and that could represent new therapeutic targets. Recurrent genomic deletions and gains were detected. Genes were identified as overexpressed in regions of DNA gain on 3q, 6p, 8q, 9q, 16p and 18q, including the cancer genes BCL2 and MYC. Among the transcripts with high correlation between DNA and RNA, we identified SYK, a tyrosine kinase involved in B‐cell receptor signalling. SYK was amplified at DNA level, as validated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis, and overexpressed at both RNA and protein levels in the JeKo‐1 cell line. Low‐level amplification, with protein overexpression of Syk was demonstrated by FISH in a small subset of clinical samples. After treatment with low doses of the Syk inhibitor piceatannol, cell proliferation arrest and apoptosis were induced in the cell line overexpressing Syk, while cells expressing low levels of Syk were much less sensitive. A combination of genomic and expression profiling suggested Syk inhibition as a new therapeutic strategy to be explored in lymphomas.
The involvement of osteopontin and its receptors in multiple myeloma cell survival, migration and invasion in the murine 5T33MM model
Authors: Caers Jo , Günthert Ursula , De Raeve Hendrik , Valckenborgh Els Van , Menu Eline , Riet Ivan Van , Camp Benjamin Van , Vanderkerken Karin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterised by the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Different reports indicate the expression of CD44 variant isoforms (CD44v) by MM cells. Osteopontin (OPN), which is expressed by MM cells, is known to be a ligand for CD44v6. In this study, we investigated the role of OPN with emphasis on a functional correlation between OPN and CD44v in the 5T33MM model. Our group reported the expression of CD44v by 5T33MM cells. Using this model, we have demonstrated the secretion of OPN by 5T33MM cells. OPN affected 5T33MM cell survival by increasing proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. OPN also stimulated 5T33MM cell migration, transendothelial migration and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activity. We confirmed the proliferative and migratory effects of OPN on human MM cells. By applying inhibiting anti‐CD44v6 antibodies, we found that OPN stimulated cell proliferation by engaging this isoform. Anti‐CD44v antibodies and RGD peptides both inhibited cell migration, suggesting an involvement of both, CD44v isoforms and integrins. In conclusion, OPN may act as a mediator of MM cell survival by engaging CD44v. The protein is further involved in migration and invasion of MM cells through the activation of either αvβ3 integrin or CD44v isoforms.
The effect of low‐temperature blanching on the quality of fresh and frozen/thawed mashed potatoes
Authors: Fernández Cristina , Dolores Alvarez M. , Canet Wenceslao 
Published: December 2005

SummaryThe effect of low‐temperature blanching (LTB) prior to cooking on colour, textural, firmness and oscillatory parameters, sensory attributes and overall acceptability of either fresh or frozen/thawed mashed potatoes was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) to establish the optimum temperature and time for blanching in both types of mashed potatoes. A central composite rotatable design was used to study the effects of variation in levels of blanching temperature (57.93–72.07 °C) and time (15.86–44.14 min) on the quality parameters. Stationary points showing maximum thickening had critical temperatures (approximately 67–69 °C) and times (approximately 26–30 min) in the ranges of temperature and time used for each independent variable for both fresh and frozen/thawed mashed potato. Results showed a high correlation between structural reinforcement and overall acceptability under optimum experimental blanching conditions. This demonstrates the potential of this experimental approach in terms of tailoring physical properties to predetermined levels in order to meet consumer preferences in mashed potatoes, and of altering the changes that occur after freezing and thawing.