bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Halide‐Mediated Oxidation on Algae‐Born Adhesives
Authors: Bitton Ronit , Berglin Mattias , Elwing Hans , Colin Carole , Delage Ludovic , Potin Philippe , Bianco‐Peled Havazelet 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAdhesive materials extracted from the brown algae Fucus Serratus were studied. These adhesives are composed of cross‐linked alginate and polyphenols oxidized in the presence of KI or KBr. All formulations were capable of adhering to a variety of surfaces, however the adhesion properties were influenced by the halide used. SAXS and TEM experiments revealed that oxidized polyphenols self‐assemble into chain‐like objects, irrespective of the oxidation conditions. Yet, slight differences in the aggregate size were detected. QCM‐D results showed that the kinetics of the oxidation was faster with iodide than with bromide. Moreover, oxidation with iodide generates stiffer networks, suggesting that the interaction between the alginate and the polyphenol could be the cause of the reduced adhesion.magnified image
Preparation, Characterization, and Controlled Release of Novel Nanoparticles Based on MMA/β‐CD Copolymers
Authors: Liu Yu‐Yang , Yu Yu , Zhang Guo‐Bin , Tang Min‐Feng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA series of random copolymers with different β‐cyclodextrin contents were synthesized by radical copolymerization of MMA with a monovinyl β‐CD monomer. The copolymers were characterized with IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, DSC, and TGA. Based on these copolymers, their nanoparticles were prepared by using DMF, water, and acetone as solvents. Aqueous dispersions of the nanoparticles were further obtained by dialysis against water. Zetasizer Nano‐ZS dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the nanoparticles. Using camptothecin as a model drug molecule, the encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of the nanoparticles were investigated.magnified image
Mesh Size Control of Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Gels by Means of a Hydrosilylation Co‐Gelation of Siloxane or Silsesquioxane and α, ω‐Non‐Conjugated Dienes
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Oda Emiko , Toyota Akinori , Furukawa Hidemitsu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid gels have been synthesized by means of co‐gelation of multi‐functional cyclic siloxane, 1,3,5,7‐tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMCTS), or cubic silsesquioxane, 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15‐octakis(dimethylsilyloxy)pentacyclo‐[9,5,1,1,1,1]octasilsesquioxane (POSS), as crosslinking reagents with α,ω‐non‐conjugated dienes, a hexa‐1,5‐diene (HD) and deca‐1,9‐diene (DD) mixture, using hydrosilylation reaction with Pt catalyst. Network structures of the resulting co‐gels have been quantitatively characterized by means of a novel scanning microscopic light scattering system. The feed ratio of HD to DD strongly affects the gelation and mesh size of the co‐gels. The critical concentration of gelation has maximum values in the co‐gelation with a feed ratio of [HD]/[DD] = 1. The mesh‐size of the resulting co‐gels underwent changes with the [HD]/[DD] ratio in the feed, and the structure (geometry) of the crosslinking reagents affect the trend of the mesh size change. The TMCTS‐HD/DD co‐gel obtained with a feed ratio of [HD]/[DD] = 1, showed the minimum mesh size. Whereas the mesh size of the POSS‐HD/DD co‐gel increased with an increase of DD in the feed ratio. The mesh‐size distribution of the co‐gels was narrower than the gels synthesized from single α,ω‐non‐conjugated dienes. Co‐gelation of a TMCT/POSS‐DD system was also investigated, and the critical gelation concentration showed maximum values for the co‐gelation with a feed ratio of [TMCTS]/[POSS] = 1. The mesh size of the co‐gel increased with increasing POSS ratio in the feed.magnified image
Nanofabrication by Electrohydrodynamic Jetting of a Tailor‐Made Living Siloxane Sol
Authors: Sullivan Alice C. , Scott Ken , Jayasinghe Suwan N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic jetting has the ability to capture and translate different phases of evolution in a living sol into materials with grossly different morphologies such as fibres or remarkably, as shown in this work, monodisperse spherical nanoparticles, depending on the sol properties and exposure time to the spray at the point of jetting as demonstrated using a tailor‐made siloxane sol.magnified image
Synthetic Models of Weak Attractive Ligand‐Polymer Interactions in Olefin Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Chan Michael C. W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe subject of extremely weak hydrogen bonds such as CH···FC remains a contentious and topical area of research. The design and synthesis of a family of Group‐4 post‐metallocene catalysts supported by F‐functionalized tridentate ligands that impose the fluorine substituent(s) in close proximity to the metal center is described, and for the first time, the elusive CH···FC interaction is characterized by a neutron diffraction study. The nature of the weak intramolecular CH···FC contacts in these complexes in solution and in the solid state is probed using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy in tandem with neutron and X‐ray crystallography. These CH···FC interactions are important with regards to design implications and potential applications in olefin polymerization catalysts because they corroborate the proposed ortho‐F···H(β) ligand–polymer contacts derived from density functional theory calculations for the Group 4 fluorinated phenoxyimine catalysts. Compared with the established agostic and cocatalyst–metal contacts, weak attractive non‐covalent interactions between a ‘non‐innocent’ ligand and the polymer chain is a novel concept in polyolefin catalysis.magnified image
Privacy attitudes and privacy‐related behavior
Authors: Norberg Patricia A. , Horne Daniel R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA significant body of research has arisen over the last few decades describing the causes of observed incongruity between attitudes and behaviors. Recent work in the area of privacy has demonstrated this type of situation, in which people with negative attitudes toward the provision of personal information will disclose this very same infor‐ mation for no apparent benefit. However, little theoretical work has been developed to explain why this paradoxical anomaly exists. This paper suggests that attribution plays a crucial role and should be taken into account with regard to both the assessment of behavioral outcomes and the examination of attitude formation. The purpose of the current work, thus, is to consider the contribution of the two theoretical areas, attitude formation and attribution, in explaining the correspondence between privacy‐related attitudes and behaviors. This represents a critical first step in understanding the antecedents of privacy‐related behaviors and in further developing the under‐ standing of attitude models in general. As such, the paper suggests a framework and a set of propositions to guide future research and theoretical development. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charge Mobility and Charge Traps in Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Liu Ching‐Yang , Chen Show‐An 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCharge mobility and charge traps are two important factors that affect performances of semiconductor devices. Here, the measurement techniques and correlation with polymer structures is reviewed. Common traps, such as oxygen, aggregates, long conjugation length subchains, and impurities are found to appear in conjugated polymers and their features are described. Charge mobility is highly sensitive to polymer morphology and chain alignment. Incorporating transport moieties on side chains can either enhance or reduce charge mobilities depending on their ionization potentials. The relationship between charge transport behaviors and chemical structures are also discussed.magnified image
Molecular Engineering of the Band Gap of π‐Conjugated Systems: Facing Technological Applications
Authors: Roncali J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFor almost two decades, the search of an intrinsically‐conductive organic metal has represented the major driving force for research on control of the band gap of extended π‐conjugated systems. However, the emergence of the application of π‐conjugated oligomers and polymers in field‐effect transistors, light‐emitting diodes, electrochromic devices and solar cells has introduced major changes in the chemistry of gap engineering. Besides controlled band gap, active materials for electronic and photonic applications must present appropriate absorption and/or emission properties, highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO) energy levels and charge‐transport properties. The aim of this short review is to present an overview of the recent trends in this area in order to identify possible directions for future research.magnified image
Community survey of primary dystonia in the city of Kolkata, India
Authors: Das Shyamal K. , Banerjee Tapas K. , Biswas Atanu , Roy Trishit , Raut Deepak K. , Chaudhuri Arijit , Hazra Abhijit 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn epidemiological study on dystonia has not been reported from India. As part of a major study to find out the prevalence of major neurological disorders in the large urban city of Kolkata, Eastern India, we planned to determine the prevalence of primary dystonia. The study design was a cross‐sectional study of a sample population obtained through stratified random selection and conducted in a two‐stage procedure of screening by a nonprofessional team followed by confirmation of screened positive cases by the study neurologist. A total population of 52,377 was screened, and 29 subjects with dystonia were diagnosed. Out of them 23 subjects had primary dystonias [crude prevalence rate (CPR), 43.91/100,000; 95% confidence interval (CI), 28.41–64.81; age‐standardized rates to world standard population, 49.06 (95% CI,31.74–72.41)] and all cases were focal type and predominantly of limb dystonia variety. Mean onset of dystonias were earlier in women (43.5 years) as compared to men (46.6 years). Thus our study on primary dystonia shows higher prevalence when compared with that of many studies globally, predominantly of focal type, earlier onset among women, and more cases of limb dystonias when compared with more prominent blepharospasm and cervical dystonias in western reports. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript is increased in Huntington disease
Authors: Björkqvist Maria , Leavitt Blair R. , Nielsen Jörgen E. , Landwehrmeyer Bernhard , Ecker Daniel , Mulder Hindrik , Brundin Patrik , Petersén Åsa 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWeight loss and anxiety frequently occur in individuals with Huntington's disease (HD) but the underlying mechanisms are not well‐understood. Peptides produced in the hypothalamus are involved in regulating energy homeostasis and emotion. Recent data suggest that changes in neuropeptide levels may be reflected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and could therefore serve as biomarkers for HD. Cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) is a neuropetide expressed in several brain regions such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. CART has been shown to increase anxiety and reduce food intake in rodents by as yet unknown mechanisms. Individuals with a CART mutation exhibit increased anxiety. In cross‐sectional CSF samples from HD patients (n = 39), we found that levels of CART peptide were significantly increased by 23% compared to control subjects (n = 28). Increased CART levels in HD therefore hold promise as a biomarker as well as a potential pathogenic mediator of symptoms. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale: Validation study of the mentation, behavior, and mood section
Authors: Starkstein Sergio E. , Merello Marcelo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the validity of the mentation, behavior, and mood items included in Part I of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and to assess its usefulness to screen for dementia, psychosis, depression, and apathy. A consecutive series of 168 patients with PD were assessed by neurologists with the UPDRS, and by psychiatrists using a comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation blind to each other's ratings. ROC analysis demonstrated that a score of 2 or greater on the intellectual impairment item of the UPDRS had 60% sensitivity and 92% specificity to detect dementia, as diagnosed with DSM‐IV criteria. When a score of 23 or lower on the MMSE was included as an additional classification variable, the sensitivity increased to 85%. A score of 2 or greater on the thought disorder item had 43% sensitivity and 92% specificity to detect psychotic symptoms (delusions or hallucinations). A score of 2 or greater on the depression item had 77% sensitivity and 82% specificity to detect major depression as diagnosed with DSM‐IV criteria. Finally, a score of 2 or greater on the motivation/initiative item had 73% sensitivity and 65% specificity to detect apathy, as diagnosed with a standardized criteria. When the sample was divided into mild (i.e. Hohen‐Yahr stages I and II) versus moderate‐severe PD (i.e. Hohen‐Yahr stages III–V), findings remained unchanged, except that the UPDRS show unacceptably low accuracy to detect psychosis in mild PD. The mentation, behavior, and mood section of the UPDRS is an adequate screen for depression and apathy, and has adequate sensitivity to detect dementia when combined with the Mini‐Mental State Exam, but has low sensitivity to detect psychosis. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with deep brain stimulation: A meta‐analysis of ten years' experience
Authors: Appleby Brian S. , Duggan Patrick S. , Regenberg Alan , Rabins Peter V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) has been approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. Case reports and case series have reported significant psychiatric side effects in some individuals. The goal of this meta‐analysis is to characterize the risks and benefits of DBS and to assess its possible use within the psychiatric setting.
A search was conducted on PubMed, EBSCO, and PsycInfo in January 2006 that covered the time period 1 Jan 1996–30 Dec 2005. All identified articles were reviewed and those describing adverse events were further examined with a structured instrument. The initial searches yielded 2667 citations; 808 articles met inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis; 98.2% of studies that specifically assessed motor function reported some level of improvement. Most reported side effects were device or procedure related (e.g., infection and lead fracture). The prevalence of depression was 2–4%, mania 0.9–1.7%, emotional changes 0.1–0.2%, and the prevalence of suicidal ideation/suicide attempt was 0.3–0.7%. The completed suicide rate was 0.16–0.32%. In conclusion, DBS is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor, and case reports suggest that major depression and OCD may also respond to DBS. Reported rates of depression, cognitive impairment, mania, and behavior change are low, but there is a high rate of suicide in patients treated with DBS, particularly with thalamic and GPi stimulation. Because of the high suicide rate, patients should be prescreened for suicide risk prior to DBS surgery. Additionally, patients should be monitored closely for suicidal behavior post‐operatively. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Influences of dopaminergic treatment on motor cortex in Parkinson disease: A MRI/MRS study
Authors: Lucetti Claudio , Del Dotto Paulo , Gambaccini Gianna , Ceravolo Roberto , Logi Chiara , Berti Caterina , Rossi Giuseppe , Bianchi Maria Cristina , Tosetti Michela , Murri Luigi , Bonuccelli Ubaldo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate neurochemical and metabolic changes in the motor cortex in a group of de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) patients before and after 6 mo treatment with the dopamine agonist pergolide. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) has been used to study striatal and cortical metabolism in PD and other parkinsonisms. So far, no studies evaluating possible brain metabolic changes in PD patients before and after dopaminergic therapy have been reported. De novo PD patients (11) and controls (11) underwent clinical evaluation (UPDRS‐III motor evaluation) and a first single‐voxel 1H‐MRS of the motor cortex. 1H‐MRS studies were performed using the PROBE‐SV System implemented on a 1.5 Tesla Scanner (GE Medical System, Milwaukee, WI). Pergolide was administered up to a dose of 1 mg t.i.d. After 6 mo follow‐up, all patients were clinically evaluated and a second single‐voxel 1H‐MRS was performed. Lower values of Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr ratios were observed in the motor cortex of PD patients compared with controls (P < 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). After 6 mo therapy with pergolide (1 mg t.i.d), PD patients showed an improvement in motor performances (P < 0.05) and an increase in Cho/Cr ratios in the motor cortex at the second 1H‐MRS evaluation (P < 0.05) was reported. In conclusion, cortical NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios may be impaired in de novo PD. Dopaminergic therapy capable of improving motor function may restore the Cho/Cr ratio in the motor cortex. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Prospective comparative study on cost‐effectiveness of subthalamic stimulation and best medical treatment in advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Valldeoriola Francesc , Morsi Ossama , Tolosa Eduardo , Rumià Jordi , Martí Maria José , Martínez‐Martín Pablo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis is an open, prospective, longitudinal study designed to compare two cohorts of patients with advanced Parkinson's disease during 1 year, one undergoing bilateral subthalamic stimulation (STN‐DBS) and the other receiving the best medical treatment (BMT), with respect to the clinical effects observed and the medical expenses produced. Assessments were done by using clinical measures and a generic health related quality of life scale. A questionnaire was used to collect direct healthcare resources. As a measure of cost‐effectiveness, we calculated life years gained adjusted by health‐related quality of life (QALY) and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER). Clinical and demographic variables of both groups were comparable at baseline. Total UPDRS scores improved from 50.5 ± 3.6 to 28.5 ± 3.8 in STN‐DBS patients and worsened from 44.3 ± 3.3 to 54.2 ± 4 in the control group. Pharmacological costs in the operated patients were 3,799 ± 940€, while in the BMT group the costs were 13,208 ± 4,966€. Other medical costs were 1,280 ± 720€ in the STN‐DBS group and 4,017 ± 2,962€ in BMT patients. Nondirect medical costs were 4,079 ± 1,289 in operated patients and 2,787 ± 1,209€ in the BMT group. Mean QALYs were 0.7611 ± 0.03 in STN‐DBS and 0.5401 ± 0.06 in BMT patients. In STN‐DBS patients, the ICER needed to obtain an improvement of one point in the total UPDRS score was of 239.8€ and the ICER/QALY was of 34,389€. Cost‐effectiveness parameters were mostly related to the degree of clinical improvement and the reduction of pharmacological costs after STN‐DBS. An ICER of 34,389€/QALY is within appropriate limits to consider subthalamic stimulation as an efficient therapy. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Multiscale modeling for gas flow in pipe networks
Authors: Banda Mapundi K. , Herty Michael 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe consider a multiscale network of natural gas pipelines. Different arcs of the network are to be modeled by possibly different models depending on the requisite qualitative detail required: an isothermal Euler system of equations; linearized model derived from the isothermal Euler system or a steady‐state model of gas flow also referred to as an algebraic model. At the vertices (or joints) of the network coupling conditions are defined. An analysis of the well posedness of the hierarchial coupling conditions is presented. The analytical results are tested numerically on different network configurations including a real‐world network based on the Canadian mainline gas network. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the interferon‐tau expression from primary trophectoderm outgrowths derived from IVP, NT, and parthenogenote bovine blastocysts
Authors: Talbot Neil C. , Powell Anne M. , Ocón Olga M. , Caperna Thomas J. , Camp Mary , Garrett Wesley M. , Ealy Alan D. ,   U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe expression of interferon‐tau (IFN‐τ) is essential for bovine embryo survival in the uterus. An evaluation of IFN‐τ production from somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT)‐embryo‐derived primary trophectoderm cultures in comparison to trophectoderm cultured from parthenogenote (P) and in vitro matured, fertilized, and cultured (IVP) bovine embryos was performed. In Experiment 1, the success/failure ratio for primary trophectoderm colony formation was similar for IVP and NT blastocysts [IVP = 155/29 (84%); NT 104/25 (81%)], but was decreased (P = .05) for P blastocysts [54/43 (56%)]. Most trophectoderm colonies reached diameters of at least 1 cm within 3–4 weeks, and at this time, 72 hr conditioned cell culture medium was measured for IFN‐τ concentration by antiviral activity assay. The amount of IFN‐τ produced by IVP‐outgrowths [4311 IU/mL (n = 155)] was greater (P < .05) than that from NT‐ [626 IU/mL (n = 104)] and P ‐ [1595 IU/mL (n = 54)] derived trophectoderm. Differential expression of IFN‐τ was confirmed by immunoblotting. In Experiment 2, colony formation was again similar for IVP and NT blastocysts [IVP = 70/5 (93%); NT 67/1 (99%)] and less (P < .05) for P blastocysts [65/27 (70%)]. Analysis of trophectoderm colony size after 23 days in culture showed a similar relationship with P‐derived colonies being significantly smaller in comparison to IVP and NT colonies. A differential expression of IFN‐τ was also observed again, but this time as measured over time in culture. Maximal IFN‐τ production was found at day‐14 of primary culture and diminished to a minimum by the 23rd day. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 299–308, 2008. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroendocrine regulation of puberty in fish: Insights from the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) model
Authors: Nocillado Josephine N. , Elizur Abigail 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe investigated the molecular regulation of pubertal development in the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, a relatively late‐maturing teleost fish. We have isolated and characterized the cDNAs of key reproductive genes along the brain–pituitary–gonadal (BPG) axis as well as the promoters of genes that modulate the axis at multiple levels. Together with relevant findings from other model species, we propose a conceptual model of the neuroendocrine regulation of puberty in the female grey mullet. Research areas that warrant further investigation are identified in the model. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 355–361, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.