bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace Driven Pipeline and Cache Simulation of Multithreaded Computers
Authors: McCrackin Daniel C. , Srinivasan Sumathi 
Published: March 2007

A technique for applying trace-driven simulation to cached multithreaded ma chines with dynamic thread scheduling is presented. A small amount of constraint information is added to each trace record, permitting the correct order of execution in the pipeline to be constructed. Strategies like context switching on a cache miss, in which the behaviour of the cache affects the instruction dispatch order, can be modelled with this technique. The design of a multithreaded pipeline and cache trace-driven simulation system is described. This system allows thread- scheduled multithreaded processors, which are not simulatable by conventional trace- driven techniques, to be efficiently and accurately simulated. Sample simulation results illustrate the flexibility of this simulation technique.
La sociologie du catholicisme depuis Ia conférence internationale (Louvain 1956)
Authors: Pin E. 
Published: March 2007

Since the international Conference of Religious Socio logy at Louvain in 1956, religious sociology has pro gressed both in extension and in depth. In extension, by the creation of new associations and of centres of research, the more frequent use of sociology in the service of the pastoral work of the Church, and the extension of studies of the morpho logy of Catholicism. In depth, both by empirical research with a scientific objective, and by theoretical studies and certain general works and treatises.
Vocation et Iimites d'une sociologie du protestantisme en France
Authors: Dreyfus F.G. 
Published: March 2007

During recent years, the sociology of religion has developed rapidly in French Protestant circles. Ap parently the difficulties, at least as regards sociogra phy, had been greater than those faced by Catholics. Statistics of religious practice were, in fact, less meaningful. It was only after 1950 that studies began to gain ground. These first studies tackled the problems of participation in the rites, particularly in Bordeaux and in Strasbourg of those of political behaviour. Various enquiries have been made in Alsace between 1954 and 1959. The problem of the pastors and that of certain aspects of the pastorale (geographical sectors, e.g.) have also been tackled. The sociology of religion is being deve loped apace with the theological renewal and with the effort to define the real meaning of the Church. The social and cultural conditions of Protestantism are much different from those of Catholicism. The sociology of Protestantism cannot just follow in the footsteps of that of Catholicism, and a psycho-socio logical study of French Protestantism has yet to be made.
Catholics and the institutional Church : obedience vs. critical distance
Authors: Estruch Juan 
Published: March 2007

Dans le cadre d'une recherche plus vaste, cet article essaie d'isoler la variable religieuse d'une enquête actuellement en voie d'achèvement et de l'analyser plus en profondeur. Par tant de l'hypothèse de la nécessité d'une mesure pluridimen sionnelle de la religiosité, cette variable est un essai d'élabo ration d'une de ces dimensions possibles, à savoir, celle qui mesurerait le degré de soumission ou la capacité de prendre une distance critique vis-à-vis de l'Eglise institutionnelle. L'effort porte essentiellement sur l'élaboration d'une ap proche méthodologique axée sur des critères sociologiques plus que psycho-sociologiques, et où le modèle ne soit pas construit subjectivement au départ, mais se définisse progres sivement lui-même à partir des données. Essayant ainsi de limiter au maximum l'intervention arbitraire du chercheur, l'Auteur traite les résultats de telle sorte que les items dis criminants apparaissent et se hiérarchisent d'eux-mêmes par ordre d'importance. Les modèles « soumis » et « critique » se construisent ainsi progressivement, pour aboutir finalement à la création de quatre groupes significatifs. Chacun de ces quatre groupes est par la suite traité en croisement avec d'autres variables, et notamment avec les données concernant la pratique religieuse. Un décalage assez net entre l'intégration au niveau des attitudes et l'intégra tion au niveau des comportements (ceux-ci demeurant stables pendant plus longtemps que les attitudes) semble indiquer que la pratique religieuse constitue une entrée relativement inadé quate pour l'analyse sociologique des problèmes religieux.
Attitudes of the Irish toward Changes in the Catholic Churh
Authors: Streib Gordon F. 
Published: March 2007

Cet article analyse la relation entre des phénomènes socio culturels et psycho-sociaux à l'aide d'indicateurs d'attitudes collectés à Dublin. Les questionnaires furent appliqués à deux échantillons : 396 adultes fréquentant une école du soir et 331 étudiants universitaires (y compris 48 prêtres et religieuses). L'auteur étudie le changement d'attitude chez les Irlandais après Vatican II, la variable dépendante étant le degré d'ac ceptation ou de rejet du changement. Les questions portent sur les relations entre membres du clergé et laïcs, la liturgie, l'oecuménisme etc... L'allure générale des réponses révèle des différences impor tantes. La comparaison entre les adultes des cours du soir et les universitaires indique une plus grande orientation vers le changement chez ces derniers. Cependant, une analyse plus fine des données relatives au sexe, à l'engagement religieux, à l'origine familiale et au fait de l'émigration nous font dé couvrir qu'il n'est guère fondé de considérer les catholiques irlandais comme un groupe monolithique quant à leur attitude envers l'Eglise et ses changements. Les réalités que l'étude met en lumière doivent être interprétées dans un contexte socio-culturel plus large : (1) : l'Eglise Catholique et le monde moderne en change ment, (2) : l'Irlande comme cadre spécifique d'étude.
Effect of Alternate Heating and Cooling on the Breaking Strength and Elongation of Cotton and Rayon Tire Cords
Authors: Lewis Walter S. 
Published: March 2007

Six different tire cords, including one mercerized and two unmercerized cottons, and three rayons, were subjected to alternate heating for 16 hours at 265°F and then cooling for 8 hours in a room temperature of 70°F and 65 percent relative humidity. The effects of these treat ments on the tenacity (grams per denier) and elongation were determined at the end of 1, 24, 36, and 48 heating periods. Tests were conducted on the cords in the oven-dry state, and also after conditioning in a standard atmosphere of 65 percent relative humidity at 70°F. Elonga tions at breaking load were read from the charts measuring from the point where the pen first registers and also from the point where it leaves the axis. In all tenacity tests the mercerized cotton cord showed the greatest resistance to change, and was generally followed by one of the rayons. The unmercerized cotton cords gave better re tention of tenacity than the other two rayon cords under standard conditions of test, but this order was reversed under oven-dry conditions. All the rayons exhibited higher initial elonga tions and, with one exception, greater losses on heating and cooling than did the cottons. The two methods of measuring elongation gave a slightly different order of rankings of the cords. The degrees of polymerization of the cellulose changed after 48 heating and cooling cycles from 2400 to 385 for Wilds 13 unmercerized cotton cord, from 2360 to 310 for the Wilds 13 mercerized cotton cord, and from 430 to 129 for the rayon cords.
Inter- and Intramolecular Bonding in the Reaction of Wrinkle Resistant Finishes with Cellulosic Fabrics
Authors: O'Brien S.J. , van Loo W.J. 
Published: March 2007

It is shown that the relationship between the improvement in wrinkle recovery and the concentration of a number of wrinkle resistant finishes applied under different con ditions to cellulosic fabrics of different structures and composition is similar to the relationship in the formaldehyde-cotton system. The theory developed for the reaction of formaldehyde with cotton, leading to the conclusion that only a small fraction of the concentration of cross-linking agent required to impart a given improvement in the wrin kle recovery is involved in cross-linking, is shown to be generally applicable to cellulosic reactants. Dialdehydes, diglycidyl ethers, and triazyridinyl phosphine oxide as well as the well known formaldehyde-containing finishes were considered. The relationship between the improvement in wet wrinkle recovery and the concentra tion of agent applied to give the wet wrinkle recovery only is similar to the relationship for dry wrinkle recovery improvement and concentration of the reacted finish. The structures and weave of a cotton fabric have little influence on the wrinkle recovery improvement-concentration relationship. Cyanoethylation of cotton makes the hydroxyl groups of cotton less accessible, but the relationship between the improvement in wrinkle recovery and the concentration of reacted cross-linking agent is of the same form as that for unmodified cotton. Chemical modification with a cross-linking agent in the wet swollen state to impart wet but not dry wrinkle recovery does not prevent the subsequent cross-linking to obtain improvement in dry wrinkle recovery; but the tendency to form cross links is reduced. When the physical character of cellulose differs from that in cotton, as in the case of rayon, the difference in the relationship between the wrinkle recovery improvement and the concentration of reacted agent is more profound. Here the constant terms of the theoretical wrinkle recovery improvement-concentration relationship differ in a way which indicates that the tendency of the applied agent to cross-link is less in rayon than in cotton.
The Mechanical Behavior of Fabrics
Authors: Brenner F.C. , Chen C.S. 
Published: March 2007

Seventy-five fabrics of a variety of constructions have been subjectively evaluated for wrinkling performance after deformation in the Celanese wrinkle tester. Their mechani cal behavior is determined in buckling and in-plane shearing experiments. It is shown that the wrinkling performance is correlateable with the energy (per unit thickness) to produce a specific bending deformation and the rate of recovery from it. Further, it is shown that the extent of wrinkling can be significantly modified by the magnitude of the frictional restraints at the yarn crossover points. This quantity is estimated in the shearing experiment.
Adaptation of Simons' Staining Technique to the Quantitative Assessment of Wear in Cotton Fabric
Authors: Loeb L. , Giuffria R. , Cochran S.D. , Shuck R.O. 
Published: March 2007

A method is described for quantitatively assessing the low-level wear or damage that may be sustamed by cotton fabries during mechanical agitation in the wet state. The method involyes dyeing of the damaged and control fabries in a two-component dye hath with preferential absorption of one dye by the mechanically damaged fibers. The key to the quantitative use of this technique lies in the careful characterization of the color imparted to the various dyed swatches. A simple and reproducible dyeing procedure is described. The two direct cotton dyes employed are those originally specified by F. L. Snnons as a stain for momtoring the action of the "beater" on cellulose fibers used in papermaking. The utility of this dye uptake method is illustrated with data from several experi ments encompassing a wide range of power inputs. The extent of surface fiber damage as indicated by the colorimetric data is shown to correlate with both the weight of fibrous debris liberated from the test loads and with subjective evaluations of fabric harshness.
Significance of Becke Line Refractive Indices in Synthetic Fibers
Authors: McLean J.H. 
Published: March 2007

Microscopy literature states that the Becke line gives the refractive index of the fiber surface In this work, interferometric measurement of the refractive index across the fiber showed that Becke refractive indices are not confined to the fiber surface, but may occur at any point on the fiber radius. Further, the Becke indices need not occur in the same axial fiber element. When either refractive index varies along a fiber radius, Becke n111 corresponds to the maximum n11 found by interferometric measurement, and Bocke n1 occurs at the minimum interferometric n11. In some cases, two Becke n11 values appear, the second corresponding to an inflection or a plateau in the plot of interferometric refractive index vs. fiber radius. Birefringence obtained by Berek or Soleil compensator techniques (Δ nC) is the same as that obtained from Becke or interferometric data (Δ n B) when no refractive index gradients exist across the fiber. If gradients are present, Δ nC is always greater than Δ nB by an amount related to the gradient magnitude.
The Mexican State: 1915-1973 a Historical Interpretation
Authors: Leal Juan Felipe 
Published: March 2007

This section constitutes the core of this special issue. The problem of correctly analyz ing the nature and function of the State in Mexico is introduced by Juan Felipe Leal in a substantiated piece of historical interpretation. The main conclusion of Leal's work, i.e. that the Mexican State promotes the capitalist development of the country within the lim its allowed by imperialism is developed by David Barkin, a well-known student of the Mexican economy and teacher of economics at Herbert Lehman College. Barkin success fully shows the intricate but concrete relationship that exists between the country's social and economic ills and the overwhelming manner in which U.S. imperialism has shaped the Mexican economic structure. Nora Hamilton, a graduate student at the Department of Sociology, University of Wis consin, suggests that the Cárdenas administration attempted to implement a revolution ary conceptualization of the autonomous state. Real contradictions in this attempt are shown to be responsible for the later change in class-state relations in which the state acts on behalf of the dominant classes. Hamilton's article is a very sophisticated utilization and development of the notion of "state autonomy" which was first explored by Marx in his Eighteenth Brumaire and was later elaborated by Gramsci. "State autonomy" refers to the fact that under conditions of stalemate in the class struggle, when no particular class can clearly "win" but they are all fairly strong, the state is "floated up" and be comes an arbiter, usually in favor of the dominant class, but with a much higher degree of autonomy than the usual bourgeois state. This is developed by Gramsci in order to explain dictatorship and Caesarism and is an important component of the Marxian explanation of "states of exception" and fascism. In closing this section, Stephen Niblo argues that any optimism about the contempor ary economic situation is unfounded and that such measures as have been taken by the most recent government administration have failed to mitigate the increasing degree of misery under which most Mexicans labor. Stephen R. Niblo teaches history at the Univer sidad de las Américas in Puebla.
A General Correlation Between Treadwear and Carbon Black Properties
Authors: Janzen Jay , Kraus Gerard 
Published: March 2007

A set of treadwear data representing over eight million tire section-miles of road testing was fitted by a carefully constructed simple model involving only two carbon black properties as independent variables, plus test severity as a parameter. It is shown that the carbon black char acteristics measured by two practical laboratory tests — surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) adsorption for accessible specific sur face area and dibutylphthalate absorption on precompressed black for "structure" — can account for virtually all of the observed wear resistance variation among carbon blacks which is not obscured by random exper imental error. This degree of success in correlating roadwear data using only a simple two-parameter description of morphology hinges on use of surface area and structure test methods relatively free of extraneous influences known to affect results obtained by the standard ASTM iodine number and DBP procedures. The weight of data on which the model is based renders predictions by means of the correlation more reliable than results of individual tire tests of conventional design. Potentially attractive economies in quality testing of carbon black are implied by the possibility of "instant" roadwear screening of carbon blacks from diverse sources.
"Tough" Smc Resins
Authors: Voeks Steven L. , Kallaur Michael 
Published: March 2007

Traditionally low profile SMC parts have exhibited cracking and chipping problems throughout various production phases. Thus, molders are continually looking for "tougher" resins to eliminate these problems, with the "friendly fender" material as the ultimate performance goal. Previous attempts to manufacture this type of material have caused problems in handl ing characteristics during SMC processing, in surface appearance, and in ability to withstand oven bake cycles in paint lines. The present paper introduces two new SMC resins which pro vide a practical approach to the "friendly fender." These resins provide tremendous increases in toughness as exhibited through flexural modulus, Izod impact, matrix crazing strain, and high speed impact. In addition, these resins provide easy SMC pro cessing, excellent surface appearance, and the ability to withstand oven bake cycles on paint lines.
A Numerical Method of Analysis for Three Bodies in Elastic Frictional Contact
Authors: Chow C.L. , Wong C.M. 
Published: March 2007

This paper describes the development of a modified contact algorithm based on the flexibility matrix approach for the analysis of three bodies in elastic frictional contact. This analysis reduces four nodal- displacement equations of potential contact nodes in three bodies to two equa tions by satisfying the compatibility condition of displacement and force of equilibrium. The third contact surface is considered necessary for computing contact pressure between tire and road, or wheel and rail, which must be loaded through an additional contact between shaft and tire/wheel. In view of the fact that the common normal/tangential direction of contacting surfaces may vary during the loading process, a method of determining the common normal direction between contacting surfaces is proposed and incor porated into the modified algorithm. In order to ease computational procedures, two levels of operation are adopted, namely, primitive level and higher level. The primitive level is designed to compute the nodal reactional forces and rigid body motions whereas the latter is designed for the determination of common normal/ tangential directional and contact pressure. The algorithm is applied to solve the contact pressure for the two body assembly of a cylinder/flat surface block and for the three body assembly of a shaft/disk/flat plate. The computed and measured results are compared and found to achieve excellent agreement, veri fying the validity of the proposed algorithm for solving contact problems of practical engineering interest.
Recycling of Microcellular Polyurethane Elastomer Waste
Authors: Modesti M. , Simioni F. , Rienzi S.A. 
Published: March 2007

Waste and scraps from polyurethane rigid foams, with a glycolysis process, can be transformed into products that are liquid at room temperature and terminated with hydrogen active groups, so that they can be directly recycled in the production process of new rigid foams. The process is a very con venient solution to an ecological problem. With proper variations the process can be applied to the recycling of polyurethane structural foams and of microcellular elastomers. The glycolysis chemistry is very complicated because of the presence in the polymer of numer ous groups taking part in the reactions, and because at the process tempera ture, secondary reactions of pyrolysis products cannot be excluded. Moreover, these reaction products can react with themselves and with the glycolysis products. It is therefore of paramount importance that the selective catalysts for the transesterification reactions be active at the lowest possible tempera tures. Chemical plants which are easily managed and require small invest ments have been built in situ by the industries that produce the waste and scraps that are available in the appropriate form and free from transport costs.
The future impact of telecommunications on information science
Authors: Isotta N.E.C. 
Published: March 2007

A brief review is first made of present telecommunication methods as used in today's information systems. Limitations are outlined and explained. An ideal system as it might be conceived now is postulated, compared with present technol ogy and with what will probably be available within the next ten years. Increasing role of satellite communications is emphasised. It is suggested that one of today's obstacles to worldwide systems, i.e. acceptance of standards, will no longer remain a problem, and the multistandard systems will be common. All speeds up to 9.6 Kbit/s will be used in some wideband transmission at 1 to 2 Mbit/s will not be unusual. By the end of the first year period, the hardware in use for the various component elements of the total system will have fundamentally changed and improved almost beyond recognition. A new leap-frogging process will follow in the techniques of transmission. Satellite systems will be in wide- scale use and optical fibre technology will already be replac ing standard transmission lines on a fairly large scale. By the year 2001, obsolescence of most of today's transmission equipment will have ensured almost total replacement, and noise problems will virtually have disappeared. Newspapers will also probably disappear at the same time, and contrary to Orwell's 1984 predictions, the era of the total information society will be in full swing.
DOMESTIC: a minicomputer based information storage and retrieval system
Authors: Omer Y. , Kuflic M. , Kozarinsky M. , Branse J. , Harmon L. , Keren C. 
Published: March 2007

DOMESTIC (Development of Minicomputers in an Envi ronment of Scientific and Technological Information Cen ters) is a joint Israeli-German project for the application of minicomputers in information storage and retrieval. The DOMESTIC software package includes functions for online creation and updating of inhouse databases; assimila tion of external databases; setting up, running and reformu lating online database searches; viewing search results; printing the output in selected formats; and various tasks associated with the acquisition, cataloging and circulation phases of information-center activities. At present (June 1980) the DOMESTIC database management system and the information-retrieval functions have been programmed and development is underway on the functions for online input, database maintenance, the print generator and library management.