bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative exploration of emotional inhibition: a basic emotions and developmental perspective
Authors: Coggins Joanna , Fox John R. E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn recent years, emotional inhibition (EI) has come to be regarded as an important transdiagnostic concept within cognitive–behavioural theories/therapies. However, there is still a paucity of empirical knowledge on understanding EI's development, maintenance and consequences within psychopathology. It was due to this lack of research that this study used an exploratory/qualitative approach to investigate EI. This study used a grounded theory methodology to gather and analyse analogue data from 10 university students who had scored significantly high on a measure of EI.The results of this study highlighted four main overarching themes regarding the development and maintenance of EI: (1) emotional development in childhood; (2) current strategies for coping with emotions which included EI strategies; (3) beliefs about emotions; and (4) the impact of EI. Key points included modelling and lack of emotional support in childhood, negative beliefs about emotions and the perceived consequences of experiencing or expressing them, the influence that other people have on emotional expression and the paradoxical nature of EI. Once the data had been collected and analysed, links were then made between the findings of this research and the current literature base. A general model of EI development and maintenance is proposed in the discussion. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Cellulose Fatty Esters as Plastics—Influence of the Degree of Substitution and the Fatty Chain Length on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Crépy Lucie , Chaveriat Ludovic , Banoub Joseph , Martin Patrick , Joly Nicolas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAlternative films: The effect of the chain length and the degree of substitution on the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of various cellulose fatty ester plastic films was studied. The results suggest that the cellulose ester plastic films are promising alternatives to petrochemical commodity plastics such as polyethylene.magnified imageCellulose‐based plastic films were prepared by acylating cellulose in homogeneous media under microwave irradiation with fatty acyl chlorides containing either saturated or unsaturated chains of various lengths (C12 to C18). The resultant cellulose esters were analysed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy to confirm their structure and to determine their degree of substitution. Some of the cellulose fatty esters were then converted into polymer films by casting. The mechanical properties of these films were determined, including their elastic modulus, tensile strength and tensile strain level. The hydrophobicity of the polymer films was determined by contact angle measurement with water. The mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the plastic films were then compared to those of commodity plastics.
The immature B‐cell subpopulation with low RAG1 expression is increased in the autoimmune New Zealand Black mouse
Authors: Toda Teppei , Kitabatake Masahiro , Igarashi Hideya , Sakaguchi Nobuo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractReceptor editing is believed to play a critical role in immunological tolerance by altering the specificity of autoreactive B cells that emerge in the bone marrow. To study whether receptor editing is altered in autoimmune disease, recombination activation gene 1 (rag1) transcription in B cells from New Zealand Black (NZB) mice was examined by introducing a GFP gene at the rag1 locus. Female NZBRAG1‐GFP mice generated autoantibodies and glomerular immune complexes. NZBRAG1‐GFP mice did not display increased RAG1‐GFP signal in B‐1 and B‐2 cells from the spleen and peritoneal cavity even following in vitro stimulation compared with C57BL/6RAG1‐GFP control mice. The early B cells in the bone marrow were classified into RAG1‐GFP− and RAG1‐GFP+ subpopulations. The RAG1‐GFP− immature B‐cell population was in the minority in C57BL/6RAG1‐GFP mice but was markedly increased in NZBRAG1‐GFP mice. RAG1‐GFP− immature B cells from NZBRAG1‐GFP mice differentiated into anti‐dsDNA Ab‐producing cells after stimulation by LPS in vitro. RAG1‐GFP− immature B cells from NZBRAG1‐GFP mice displayed a different expression profile of transcription factors required for receptor editing, including pax5 and irf4, in comparison with the RAG1‐GFP+ immature B‐cell population. In conclusion, the early B‐cell subpopulation, which exhibits low RAG1 expression and presumably concomitantly low receptor editing, was found to be increased in NZB mice.
Involvement of the intrinsic and extrinsic cell‐death pathways in the induction of apoptosis of mature lymphocytes by the Escherichia coli heat‐labile enterotoxin
Authors: Tamayo Esther , Postigo Jorge , Del Giudice Giuseppe , Rappuoli Rino , Benito Adalberto , Yagita Hideo , Merino Ramón , Merino Jesús 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEscherichia coli heat‐labile enterotoxin (LT) exhibits a broad range of immunomodulatory activities, including the induction of lymphocyte‐programmed cell death. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that in vivo LT promotes apoptosis of immature T and B cells through the stimulation of endogenous glucocorticoids. In the present study, we show that the extrinsic cell‐death pathway as well as the apoptosis‐inducing factor do not participate in the LT‐induced elimination of thymocytes. In contrast to developing lymphocytes, LT promotes the death of mature lymphocytes by both glucocorticoid‐ and Fas death receptor/Fas ligand‐dependent mechanisms. However, the dependency of these mechanisms in the LT‐induced cell‐death activity seems to be different among CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Altogether, our study shows that the same bacterial toxin can induce apoptosis of lymphoid cells through several mechanisms depending on the status of differentiation of these cells.
Synthesis, Characterization, Singlet‐Oxygen Photogeneration, DNA Photocleavage and Two‐Photon‐Absorption Properties of Some (4‐Cyanophenyl)porphyrins
Authors: Wang Kai , Poon Chun‐Ting , Wong Wai‐Kwok , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Choi Chun Y. , Kwong Daniel W. J. , Zhang Heng , Li Zao‐Ying 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA series of (4‐cyanophenyl)porphyrins have been prepared and structurally characterized by 1H NMR, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The relative singlet‐oxygen quantum yields, two‐photon absorption cross‐sections and DNA photocleavage activities of these porphyrins were measured. The results show that (4‐cyanophenyl)porphyrins with a properly designed hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance for better cellular uptake have potential application in two‐photon‐absorption photodynamic therapy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Selective Positioning of CB[8] on Two Linked Viologens and Electrochemically Driven Movement of the Host Molecule
Authors: Andersson Samir , Zou Dapeng , Zhang Rong , Sun Shiguo , Åkermark Björn , Sun Licheng 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe binding interactions between cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and a dicationic guest N,N‐dimethyl‐3,3′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (DMV2+) have been investigated by various experimental techniques including NMR, ESI‐MS, and UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. In a three‐component system consisting of CB[8], N,N‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (MV2+) and DMV2+, CB[8] was found to exhibit a higher binding affinity to DMV2+ than to MV2+. When DMV2+ was connected to MV2+ by an alkyl chain, the first equiv. of CB[8] could be selectively positioned on the DMV2+ moiety, and then a second equiv. of CB[8] was positioned on the MV2+ moiety. Spectroelectrochemical studies showed that upon the reduction of this system at –0.6 V vs. AgCl, the CB[8] could move from the DMV2+ moiety to the MV+· radical, which formed a dimer inside the CB[8] cavity. Molecular oxygen quenched the dimer, and the CB[8] moved back to the DMV2+ moiety, indicating a molecular movement driven by electrochemistry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Two Novel Resveratrol Derivatives from the Leaves of Vateria indica
Authors: Ito Tetsuro , Abe Naohito , Masuda Yuichi , Nasu Minori , Oyama Masayoshi , Sawa Ryuichi , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Iinuma Munekazu 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTwo new resveratrol (=5‐[(E)‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene‐1,3‐diol) derivatives, vateriaphenols D (1) and E (2), were isolated from the leaves of Vateria indica (Dipterocarpaceae), together with six known resveratrol oligomers (3–8), a isocoumarin (bergenin, 9), and a benzophenone (10). The structures of the isolates were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including a detailed NMR spectroscopic investigation. Compound 1 is composed of three resveratrol units and a piceatannol (=5‐[(E)‐2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene‐1,3‐diol) unit, and is the first instance of a heterogeneous coupled stilbene tetramer in dipterocarpaceaeous plants. Compound 2 bears a rare 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐2‐ol skeleton in the framework.
Four New C21 Steroidal Glycosides from the Roots of Cynanchum auriculatum
Authors: Gu Xiao‐Jie , Yao Nan , Qian Shi‐Hui , Li You‐Bin , Li Ping 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageFour new C21 steroidal glycosides with an acyl group at C(12) and a straight sugar chain at C(3), namely auriculosides I–IV (1–4, resp.), along with seven known steroidal derivatives, were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and chemical methods. The known constituents were identified as wilfoside C1N (5), wilfoside C3N (6), caudatin (7), cynanauriculoside I (8), cynanauriculoside II (9), wilfoside K1N (10), and kidjoranin (11).
Preparation and Recognition Mechanism of Gallic Acid Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Zhu Xiu‐Fang , Cao Qiu‐E , Yang Xue‐Qiong , Li Fan , Wang Guo‐Song , Ding Zhong‐Tao 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA series of gallic acid (=3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoic acid; GA) imprinted polymers were prepared in MeOH by noncovalent imprint technology. Their recognition properties and selectivity were characterized by equilibrium binding experiments. The recognition mechanism of the optimum imprinted polymer MIP3 which was prepared with the molar ratio 4‐VP (=4‐vinylpyridine=4‐ethenylpyridine)/GA 4 : 1, was explored by UV spectroscopy, Scatchard‐binding‐model analysis, as well as structure‐relevant binding. The obtained data consistently indicated that the recognition by MIP3 was mainly based on the ionic interaction between the COOH group of GA and the pyridine moiety fixed on the matrix of the polymer. MIP3 showed the maximum specific affinity to GA in H2O/MeOH 1 : 1 (v/v) at an apparent pH of 4.7 (imprinting factor 18.6). Due to the high imprinting efficacy, the optimum polymer MIP3 can effectively recognize GA in a complex mixture and possesses certainly an important application potential.
Chlorine‐Atom Transfer Reactions between Chloramine (=Chloramide) and Piperidine: Kinetic Reactivity and Characterization in a Raschig Medium
Authors: Darwich Chaza , Elkhatib Mazen , Steinhauser Georg , Delalu Henri 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe kinetics of the Cl‐transfer reaction between chloramine (1) and piperidine (2) in a Raschig medium (8<pH<9) was studied at various temperatures, with variable concentrations of the two reactants. The influence of the pH on the interaction of 1 and 2 was examined at a pH ranging between 8.25 and 12.89. The Cl‐transfer reaction resulted in the formation of 1‐chloropiperidine (3), which, in the presence of NaOH, underwent a dehydrohalogenation leading to an endocyclic imine derivative: 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydropyridine (4). The kinetics of the dehydrohalogenation was also studied at different temperatures, with variable concentrations of 3 and NaOH. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined for the Cl‐transfer and dehydrohalogenation reactions. Both 3 and 4 were prepared according to efficient synthetic routes; they were isolated, purified, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and MS. Their thermal stabilities were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and their absorption coefficients at various wavelengths were determined experimentally by UV spectrophotometry.
Four New 9,19‐Cyclolanostane Derivatives from the Rhizomes of Cimicifuga yunnanensisHsiao
Authors: Nian Yin , Chen Jian‐Chao , Lu Lu , Zhang Xian‐Ming , Zhou Lin , Qiu Ming‐Hua 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageFour new 9,19‐cyclolanostane‐type triterpenes, 24‐O‐acetyl‐25‐anhydroshengmanol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside (1), 25‐O‐butylcimigenol‐3‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside (2), 12‐β‐hydrocimigenol‐3‐one (3), and 12‐β‐hydrocimigenol‐1‐en‐3‐one (4), together with 15 known analogues were isolated from the rhizome of Cimicifuga yunnanensis Hsiao. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
Two New Alkaloids from Incarvillea mairei var. grandiflora
Authors: Su Yong‐Qing , Shen Yun‐Heng , Lin Sheng , Tang Jian , Tian Jun‐Mian , Liu Xiao‐Hua , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTwo new alkaloids, isoincarvilline (1) and incargranine A (2), together with two known ones, were isolated from the 80% EtOH extract of the whole plant of Incarvillea mairei var. grandiflora. Their structures were identified on the basis of their spectroscopic analysis.
Friedelanes from Crossopetalum lobatum. A New Example of a Triterpene Anhydride
Authors: Rodríguez Félix M. , Perestelo Nayra R. , Jiménez Ignacio A. , Bazzocchi Isabel L. 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThree new triterpenoids, lobatanhydride (1), 3α,25‐dihydroxyfriedelan‐2‐one (2) and 1β,25‐dihydroxyfriedelan‐3‐one (3), were isolated from Crossopetalum lobatum Lundell. In addition, four known friedelane triterpenes, friedelin (4), 2α‐hydroxy‐3‐oxofriedelan‐30‐oic acid (5), 28‐hydroxyfriedelane‐1,3‐dione (6), and 29‐hydroxyfriedelane‐1,3‐dione (7) were isolated. Lobatanhydride represents the first example of a triterpene anhydride with the A ring expanded to a seven‐membered ring. The structures were established on the basis of extensive spectral investigation, and by comparison with the respective literature values.
A New Sesquiterpene from Ximenia americanaLinn.
Authors: de Araújo Mônica R. S. , Monte Francisco J. Q. , Braz‐Filho Raimundo 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe new sesquiterpene 1, named ximonicane, and the known stigmastane steroid 2 were isolated from the EtOH extract of the stems of Ximenia americana. Spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR techniques, have been used to characterize 1 and assign all the signals of the 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra of 1. Ximonicane did not inhibit the growth of HL‐60 (human leukemia), HTC‐8 (human colon), and MDA‐MB‐435 (human breast cancer) cell lines.
The ontogeny of throwing and striking
Authors: Young Richard W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHumans are the most adept throwers in the animal kingdom. Although throwing has been recorded in other primates, it is rare, weak, inaccurate and entails only arm movement. In contrast, human throwing is an explosive act employed from a bipedal stance that involves a complex, exceedingly rapid, full‐body movement. This motion generates a pulse of kinetic energy in the legs that is progressively augmented by the pelvis, trunk, arm and hand, where it is transferred to a missile that is launched toward the target with high velocity and accuracy. Linking the study of throwing development in young children with analysis of the adult throwing motion makes it possible to address the question of whether human throwing is an acquired behavior or is based primarily on an inherited motor program. Current evidence supports the conclusion that the role of instruction and learning is minimal. Human throwing is predominantly the result of an innate motor program which emerges at a very early age in all children without teaching, yields a throwing motion that is the forerunner of the one used by adult athletes, is characterized by a prominent gender difference, and proceeds in some adults to a high level of proficiency. The same conclusions apparently apply also to striking (club‐swinging), which employs a similar full‐body motion. An explanation for these observations is presented, based upon the concept that throwing and club‐swinging prowess provided reproductive advantages during early human evolution.
Direct analysis of clinical relevant single bacterial cells from cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial meningitis by means of micro‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Harz Michaela , Kiehntopf Michael , Stöckel Stephan , Rösch Petra , Straube Eberhard , Deufel Thomas , Popp Jürgen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBacterial meningitis is a relevant public health concern. Despite the availability of modern treatment strategies it is still a life‐threatening disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an initial treatment approach plays an important role. For in‐time identification of specific bacterial pathogens of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and emerged antimicrobial and adjunctive treatment, microbiological examination is of major importance. This contribution spotlights the potential of micro‐Raman spectroscopy as a biomedical assay for direct analysis of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis. The influence of miscellaneous artificial environments on several bacterial species present during bacterial meningitis was studied by means of Raman spectroscopy. The application of chemometric data interpretation via hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allows for the differentiation of in vitro cultured bacterial cells and can also be achieved on a single cell level. Moreover as proof of principle the investigation of a CSF sample obtained from a patient with meningococcal meningitis showed that the cerebrospinal fluid matrix does not mask the Raman spectrum of a bacterial cell notably since via chemometric analysis with HCA an identification of N. meningitidis cells from patients with bacterial meningitis could be achieved. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhanced bone formation by marrow‐derived endothelial and osteogenic cell transplantation
Authors: Kim Sang‐Soo , Park Min Sun , Cho Seung‐Woo , Kang Sun Woong , Ahn Kang‐Min , Lee Jong‐Ho , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBone marrow‐derived osteogenic cells can regenerate bone tissuesin vivo. The aim of the present study is to determine whether the cotransplantation of bone marrow‐derived endothelial‐like cells (BMECs) enhances bone regeneration by bone marrow‐derived osteogenic cell (BMOC) transplantation in osseous defects. Canine bone marrow cells were differentiated separately into BMECs and BMOCs. Using apatite‐coated poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds as cell delivery vehicles, BMOCs were transplanted with or without BMECs into critical‐sized calvarial defects in immunodeficient mice. Histological analyses, microcomputed tomography, and soft X‐ray were performed to assess mineralized bone formation at 8 weeks. Cotransplantation of BMECs and BMOCs resulted in greater bone formation than transplantation of BMOCs alone. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in bone formation area following cotransplantation (30.8% ± 2.5%), compared with transplantation of BMOCs alone (15.3% ± 1.9%). These results demonstrate that the cotransplantation of BMECs enhances bone regeneration mediated by BMOC transplantation in osseous defects. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Secure attachment: implications for hope, trust, burnout, and performance
Authors: Simmons Bret L. , Gooty Janaki , Nelson Debra L. , Little Laura M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSecure attachment is a healthy attachment style that enables individuals to work autonomously as well as with others when appropriate. Secure attachments are characterized by internal regulatory mechanisms that allow individuals to be flexible and constructive in their interpersonal relationships Our model incorporates hope, trust in one's supervisor, and burnout as explanatory variables that translate the benefits of secure attachment into better supervisor‐rated task performance. Among 161 employees of an assisted living center and their supervisors, secure attachment had a significant, positive relationship with hope, trust, and burnout, but only trust had a significant, positive relationship with supervisor‐rated performance. These results indicate that secure attachment should be considered a positive psychological strength that has important implications for working adults. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leader self‐structure: a framework for positive leadership
Authors: Hannah Sean T. , Woolfolk Robert L. , Lord Robert G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe expand the conceptualization of positive leadership and hypothesize that leaders' ability to influence followers across varied complex situations will be enhanced through the development of a rich and multifaceted self‐construct. Utilizing self‐complexity theory and other aspects of research on self‐representation, we show how the structure and structural dynamics of leaders' self‐constructs are linked to their varied role demands by calling forth cognitions, affects, goals and values, expectancies, and self‐regulatory plans that enhance performance. Through this process, a leader is able to bring the “right stuff” (the appropriate ensemble of attributes) to bear on and succeed in the multiple challenges of leadership. We suggest future research to develop dimensional typologies related to leadership‐relevant aspects of the self and also to link individual positive self‐complexity to more aggregate positive organizational processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The perils of positivity
Authors: Hackman J. Richard 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe passion and productivity that characterizes research on positive organizational behavior (POB) is impressive. Yet POB research is accumulating so rapidly that it may exceed what the field's conceptual, methodological, and ideological foundation can bear. I discuss here six concerns prompted by the articles in this special issue. These concerns are (1) the emphasis of positive organizational scholarship on individual‐level phenomena, (2) the ahistorical character of POB research and writing, (3) the construct validity of key concepts, (4) over‐reliance on a particular research strategy, (5) implicit acceptance of fundamental flaws in how work and organizations are designed, and (6) the seductiveness of new research paradigms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The “point” of positive organizational behavior
Authors: Luthans Fred , Avolio Bruce J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPerhaps the most important “Point” we would like to make in this “Point‐Counterpoint” on positive organizational behavior is the role that research must play in this evolving area of study. We follow this point on the importance of research by drawing from recent findings that indicate in discussions such as this point and counterpoint, that taking a positive approach leads to more in‐depth inquiry, whereas a negative perspective leads to advocacy and in our view less learning potential. Thus, the positive perspective we take in this “Point” piece is to identify and make a deep inquiry into the major issues and questions surrounding positive organizational behavior (POB). We consciously try to avoid taking an advocacy position. Specifically, after first setting the stage with the background and status of POB, we draw from the lessons that can be learned from positive psychology and then make an inquiry into “Why POB?” and exactly “What is POB?” The article concludes with further inquiry into the role the negative does and can play, and finally how POB relates to our recent work in authentic leadership development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.