bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of histone deacetylation protects wild‐type but not gelsolin‐deficient neurons from oxygen/glucose deprivation
Authors: Meisel Andreas , Harms Christoph , Yildirim Ferah , Bösel Julian , Kronenberg Golo , Harms Ulrike , Fink Klaus B. , Endres Matthias 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHistone acetylation and deacetylation participate in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this paper, we demonstrate that pre‐treatment with the histone deacetylation inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) enhances histone acetylation in primary cortical neurons and protects against oxygen/glucose deprivation, a model for ischaemic cell death in vitro. The actin‐binding protein gelsolin was identified as a mediator of neuroprotection by TSA. TSA enhanced histone acetylation of the gelsolin promoter region, and up‐regulated gelsolin messenger RNA and protein expression in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Double‐label confocal immunocytochemistry visualized the up‐regulation of gelsolin and histone acetylation within the same neuron. Together with gelsolin up‐regulation, TSA pre‐treatment decreased levels of filamentous actin. The neuroprotective effect of TSA was completely abolished in neurons lacking gelsolin gene expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the enhancement of gelsolin gene expression correlates with neuroprotection induced by the inhibition of histone deacetylation.
A role for P2X7in microglial proliferation
Authors: Bianco Fabio , Ceruti Stefania , Colombo Alessio , Fumagalli Marta , Ferrari Davide , Pizzirani Cinzia , Matteoli Michela , Di Virgilio Francesco , Abbracchio Maria P. , Verderio Claudia 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMicroglia, glial cells with an immunocompetent role in the CNS, react to stimuli from the surrounding environment with alterations of their phenotypic response. Amongst other activating signals, the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely used as a tool to mimic bacterial infection in the CNS. LPS‐activated microglia undergo dramatic changes in cell morphology/activity; in particular, they stop proliferating and differentiate from resting to effector cells. Activated microglia also show modifications of purinoreceptor signalling with a significant decrease in P2X7expression. In this study, we demonstrate that the down‐regulation of the P2X7receptor in activated microglia may play an important role in the antiproliferative effect of LPS. Indeed, chronic blockade of the P2X7receptor by antagonists (oxidized ATP, KN62 and Brilliant Blue G), or treatment with the ATP‐hydrolase apyrase, severely decreases microglial proliferation, down‐regulation of P2X7receptor expression by small RNA interference (siRNA) decreases cell proliferation, and the proliferation of P2X7‐deficient N9 clones and primary microglia, in which P2X7expression is down‐regulated by siRNA, is unaffected by either LPS or P2X7antagonists. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis indicates that exposure to oxidized ATP or treatment with LPS reversibly decreases cell cycle progression, without increasing the percentage of apoptotic cells. Overall, our data show that the P2X7receptor plays an important role in controlling microglial proliferation by supporting cell cycle progression.
Acyl‐based anandamide uptake inhibitors cause rapid toxicity to C6 glioma cells at pharmacologically relevant concentrations
Authors: De Lago Eva , Gustafsson Sofia B. , Fernández‐Ruiz Javier , Nilsson Jonas , Jacobsson Stig O. P. , Fowler Christopher J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCompounds blocking the uptake of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) have been used to explore the functions of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the CNS bothin vivoandin vitro. In this study, the effects of four commonly used acyl‐based uptake inhibitors [N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)arachidonylamide (AM404),N‐(4‐hydroxy‐2‐methylphenyl) arachidonoyl amide (VDM11), (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)‐N‐(3‐furanylmethyl)‐5,8,11,14‐eicosatetraenamide (UCM707) and (9Z)‐N‐[1‐((R)‐4‐hydroxybenzyl)‐2‐hydroxyethyl]‐9‐octadecen‐amide (OMDM2)] and the related compound arvanil on C6 glioma cell viability were investigated. All five compounds reduced the ability of the cells to accumulate calcein, reduced the total nucleic acid content and increased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase recovered in the cell medium. AM404 (10 µm) and VDM11 (10 µm) acted rapidly, reducing cell viability after 3 h of exposure when cell densities of 5000 per well were used. In contrast, UCM707 (30 µm), OMDM2 (10 µm) and the related compound arvanil (10 µm) produced a more slowly developing effect on cell viability, although robust effects were seen after 6–9 h of exposure. At higher cell densities, the toxicities of AM404 and UCM707 were reduced. Comparison of the compounds with arachidonic acid, arachidonic acid methyl ester, AEA, arachidonoyl glycine and oleic acid suggested that the toxicity of the arachidonoyl‐based compounds was related primarily to the acyl side‐chain rather than the head group. A variety of pre‐treatments blocking possible metabolic pathways and receptor targets were tested, but the only consistent protective treatment against the effects of these compounds was the antioxidantN‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine. It is concluded that AM404, VDM11, UCM707 and OMDM2 produce a rapid loss of C6 glioma cell viability over the same concentration range as is required for the inhibition of AEA uptakein vitro, albeit with a longer latency. Such effects should be kept in mind when acyl‐derived compounds are used to probe the function of the endocannabinoid system in the CNS, particularly in chronic administration protocols.
Effectiveness of extracellular lactate/pyruvate for sustaining synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation and vesicular accumulation of GABA
Authors: Tarasenko A. S. , Linetska M. V. , Storchak L. G. , Himmelreich N. H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe effects of extracellular monocarboxylates pyruvate and lactate on membrane potentials, acidification and neurotransmitter filling of synaptic vesicles were investigated in experiments with rat brain synaptosomes using [3H]GABA and fluorescent dyes, potential‐sensitive rhodamine 6G and pH‐sensitive acridine orange. In experiments investigating accumulation of acridine orange in synaptic vesicles within the synaptosomes, monocarboxylates, similarly to glucose, ensured generation of the vesicle proton gradient by available and recycled vesicles, and pyruvate demonstrated the highest efficacy. An increase in the level of proton gradient correlated with enhanced accumulation of [3H]GABA in synaptic vesicles and resulted in enlarged exocytosis and attenuated the transporter‐mediated [3H]GABA release. Pyruvate added to glucose‐contained medium caused more active binding of rhodamine 6G by synaptosomes that reflected mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, and this intensification of nerve terminal energy metabolism resulted in an increase in total ATP content by ∼25%. Pyruvate also prolonged the state of metabolic competence of nerve terminal preparations, keeping the mitochondrial potential and synaptic vesicle proton gradient at steady levels over a long period of time. Thus, besides glucose, the extracellular monocarboxylates pyruvate and lactate can provide sufficient support of energy‐dependent processes in isolated nerve terminals, allowing effective functioning of neurotransmitter release and reuptake systems.
Bone associated with implants in diabetic and insulin‐treated rats
Authors: McCracken Michael S. , Aponte‐Wesson Ruth , Chavali Ramakiran , Lemons Jack E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives: Diabetes is an increasingly prevalent disease with oral health manifestations. While diabetes clearly has an affect on bone, its impact on the healing of bone associated with dental implants is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to measure bone response to implants in uncontrolled and insulin‐controlled diabetic rats.Material and methods: One hundred and fifty‐two rats were divided into control, diabetic, and insulin groups. Rats received streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) to induce diabetes; animals in the insulin group also received a subcutaneous slow‐release insulin implant. Titanium alloy implants (1.5 × 8 mm) were placed in the proximal tibiae of animals. Implants were harvested at 2, 7, 14, and 24 days and examined histologically. Bone or bone‐like tissue adjacent to implants was quantified as a percent. Data were compared using a two‐way analysis is variance (ANOVA) with time and treatment as primary independent factors.Results: Time and treatment were significant factors in predicting bone response to implants (P<0.0001). Mean bone volume peaked at day 7 and decreased over time to day 24. Mean bone volume percent at 2, 7, 14, and 24 days (±SD) was 8.2 (±8), 22.9 (±8), 18.8 (±10), and 14.9 (±9), respectively. Mean total bone volume percent (adjusted for day) for control, diabetic, and insulin groups (±SD) was 12.4 (±9), 22.6 (±10), and 17 (±7), respectively. Bone volume adjacent to implants in diabetic rats was significantly greater than controls (P<0.05). Diabetic animals treated with insulin were not statistically different from controls.Conclusions: Induction of diabetes with STZ is associated with increased bone response compared with controls. This response was mediated by treatment with insulin.
Triamcinolone acetonide mouth rinses for treatment of erosive oral lichen planus: efficacy and risk of fungal over‐infection
Authors: González‐García A , Diniz‐Freitas M , Gándara‐Vila P , Blanco‐Carrión A , García‐García A , Gándara‐Rey JM 
Published: July 2006

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide mouthrinse for treatment of erosive oral lichen planus (OLP), and to evaluate the risk of fungal over‐infection.Patients and methods: Clinical records of all cases of erosive and erosive‐ulcerative OLP treated in our Oral Medicine Service over the period 1993–2003 were reviewed. All patients had been treated with mouthrinses containing triamcinolone acetonide at 0.3% (T1) or 0.5% (T2). Clinical outcome for each patient was classified at 1, 3 and 6 months after start of treatment as total remission (TR), partial remission (PR) or no remission (NR). Fungal over‐infection was also recorded.Results: A total of 35 cases were included in the study. Clinical outcomes considering both treatment groups together (T1 + T2) were as follows: at month 1, 28.6% TR, 62.9% PR, 8.6% NR; at month 3, 57.1% TR, 37.1% PR, 5.7% NR; and at month 6, 80.0% TR, 17.1% PR, 2.9% NR. In four patients (11.4%) fungal over‐infection was noted during the study period.Conclusion: Triamcinolone acetonide mouthrinse is an appropriate treatment for erosive OLP, in view of the high efficacy and low risk of fungal over‐infection.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO POPULAR INDIAN POTATO VARIETIES
Authors: SINGH D.K. , GOSWAMI T.K. , CHOURASIA M.K. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT Physical properties of potatoes, often required for analyzing heat and mass transfer during cooling and storage applications, were determined for the Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Sinduri varieties. The average values of linear dimensions, Dp, Sp, Ra, mass, ρ, Acand A of these two varieties were measured. The Kufri Jyoti was found to have comparatively more variations in a, b and c than the Kufri Sinduri. The average values of Dp, Sp, Ra, ρ, Acand A for the Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Sinduri were found to be 4.647 and 3.692 cm; 82.45 and 86.65%; 82.99 and 91.78%; 1113.3 and 1092.1 kg/m3; 30.86 and 12.10 cm2; and 79.05 and 47.10 cm2, respectively. The average values of ε, Dv, average Dpi, λand bulk density for the Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Sinduri in a commercially used 50‐kg gunny bag were found to be 0.42 ± 0.01 and 0.43 ± 0.008; 4.998 and 4.056 cm, 4.817 ± 0.534 and 3.922 ± 0.211 cm, 0.58 and 0.57; and 647.6 and 622.5 kg/m3, respectively. Relationships were also established for calculating the A of potato as a function of volume and weight.
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF FAR INFRARED RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER: THEORETICAL APPROACH
Authors: TANAKA F. , MORITA K. , IWASAKI K. , VERBOVEN P. , SCHEERLINCK N. , NICOLAÏ B. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT We developed radiation heat transfer models with the combination of the Monte Carlo (MC) method and computational fluid dynamic approach and two‐dimensional heat transfer models based on the fundamental quantum physics of radiation and fluid dynamics. We investigated far infrared radiation (FIR) heating in laminar and buoyancy airflow. A simple prediction model in laminar airflow was tested with an analytical solution and commercial software (CFX 4). The adequate number of photon tracks for MC simulation was established. As for the complex designs model, the predicted results agreed well with the experimental data with root mean square error of 3.8 K. Because food safety public concerns are increasing, we applied this model to the prediction of the thermal inactivation level by coupling with the microbial kinetics model. Under buoyancy airflow condition, uniformity of FIR heating was improved by selecting adequate wall temperature and emissivity.
Bargaining Stances and Outcomes in Buyer–Seller Negotiations: Experimental Results
Authors: Krause Daniel R. , Terpend Regis , Petersen Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYBuyer–supplier relationships are affected by contractual negotiations between the respective parties. This paper examines the variables likely to influence the outcomes of a two‐party negotiation in an experiment that reproduces some of the details encountered in real‐life negotiations. The study used two‐party negotiations to examine the effect of reservation prices, aspiration prices and competitive stance on the outcome of the negotiations. The study confirms the importance of reference points, and that negotiators may adjust their reference points during the negotiation. The results also suggest that the negotiator's bargaining stance has a significant influence on settlement price and may act as a moderator of the effect of reference points on settlement price. Finally, the analysis suggests that a negative bargaining zone does not necessarily lead to an impasse; however, it increases the risk of an impasse compared with a negotiation with a positive bargaining zone.
OEM New Product Development Practices: The Case of the Automotive Industry
Authors: Quesada Gioconda , Syamil Ahmad , Doll William J. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYIn industries where value added by suppliers contributes significantly to the final product, the competitiveness of the value chain depends upon supplier performance (cost, quality and on‐time delivery). Despite the importance of supplier performance in new product development (NPD), most research has focused on supplier performance in operations. Few studies have focused on how product development practices of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) influence OEM evaluations of supplier performance. This paper posits a model of the relationships among three factions: OEM practices that involve suppliers in design, concurrent engineering practices of the OEM and OEM assessments of supplier performance. This model is tested and cross‐validated using a sample of 406 NPD projects in Germany and the United States. The findings suggest that NPD practices of OEMs influence their perceptions of suppliers' performance.
DEFORMED HARMONIC OSCILLATOR FOR NON-HERMITIAN OPERATOR AND THE BEHAVIOR OF PT AND CPT SYMMETRIES
Authors: JANNUSSIS A. , VLACHOS K. , PAPATHEOU V. , STREKLAS A. 
Published: July 2006

In the present paper we study the deformed harmonic oscillator for the non-Hermitian operator [Formula: see text] where λ,θ are real positive parameters, since the parameters α,β,m are for the general case complex. For the case α=1,β=1 and mass m real, we find the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of energy, the coherent states, the time evolution of the operators [Formula: see text] in the Heisenberg picture and the uncertainty relations. In this case the operator ℋ is Hermitian and PT-symmetric. Also for the case m complex α=1,β=1, the operator ℋ is non-Hermitian and no more PT symmetric, but CPT symmetric with real discrete positive spectrum and the CPT symmetry is preserved. In the general case α,β,m complex, for the non-Hermitian operator ℋ, we obtain complex spectrum and for the special values of the complex parameters α,β the spectrum is real discrete and positive and the CPT symmetry is preserved. The general problem of deformed oscillator for non hermitian operators can be applied to the Solid State Physics.
CHOOSING SNPs USING FEATURE SELECTION
Authors: PHUONG TU MINH , LIN ZHEN , ALTMAN RUSS B. 
Published: July 2006

A major challenge for genomewide disease association studies is the high cost of genotyping large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The correlations between SNPs, however, make it possible to select a parsimonious set of informative SNPs, known as "tagging" SNPs, able to capture most variation in a population. Considerable research interest has recently focused on the development of methods for finding such SNPs. In this paper, we present an efficient method for finding tagging SNPs. The method does not involve computation-intensive search for SNP subsets but discards redundant SNPs using a feature selection algorithm. In contrast to most existing methods, the method presented here does not limit itself to using only correlations between SNPs in local groups. By using correlations that occur across different chromosomal regions, the method can reduce the number of globally redundant SNPs. Experimental results show that the number of tagging SNPs selected by our method is smaller than by using block-based methods.Supplementary website: .
COMPARISON OF STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA
Authors: RÉGNIER MIREILLE , VANDENBOGAERT MATHIAS 
Published: July 2006

We study and compare two classes of statistical criteria to assess the significance of exceptional words. Indeed, the Z-score-like criteria, or the normal approximation that is a strict equivalent, suffer from several drawbacks in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Thanks to the combinatorial structure of words, a computation of the exact P-value has been made possible by recent mathematical results. We study here the drawbacks of the Z-score, the choice of the threshold and the tightness to the P-value.A major conclusion is that the normal approximation is always very poor and overestimates statistical significance.
The Puzzle of the Psychiatric Interview
Authors: Stanghellini Giovanni 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe psychiatric interview plays a critical role in clinical assessment and therapy. Problems with assessment reliability and validity that were apparent in nosological and diagnostic discrepancies plagued the field of psychiatry historically. Technical approaches including structured interviews were developed to address these problems. Although these approaches decreased diagnostic variance, they focused narrowly on eliciting signs and symptoms conforming to previously agreed diagnostic categories, necessarily restricting the range and richness of experiences and narratives that are elicited. This restriction inhibits the utility of assessment in furthering the interpersonal rapport and exploration that is essential to the task of therapy. The author reviews critiques of technical approaches to psychiatric assessment and highlights critical, often unexamined, epistemological assumptions and questions. In light of these critiques, he proposes a phenomenological approach to psychiatric assessment focused on narratives that situate particular experiences in the broader life context. In this approach the assessor functions as a participant observer, relying on the same empathic skills that inform effective therapy. It is argued that without over turning the advances in assessment reliability gained through technical approaches to the psychiatric interview, a phenomenological approach can illuminate, enrich, and broaden psychiatric assessment, increasing its effectiveness in psychopathological understanding and in therapy.
The Ability to Distinguish Ritual Actions in Children[1]
Authors: Richert Rebekah A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractResearch on children's religious understanding has recently focused on outlining how and when children develop a variety of religious concepts, however there is a noticeable lack of research into children's understanding of religious rituals. We present three studies exploring children's developing understanding of religious rituals. In Experiment 1, children ages 5 to 11 were told stories about novel actions that were done for functional reasons or ritual reasons. Older children were more flexible than younger children about the functional actions, and all children remained generally inflexible about the ritual actions, claiming that it would be somewhat bad to change how rituals are done. In Experiment 2, children ages 6 to 11 were asked about the flexibility of a familiar ritual (i.e., baptism) and a familiar functional action (i.e., bath). In this case, children of all ages were far more flexible about the functional actions than the ritual actions. In Experiment 3, children ages 4 to 12 were asked about the efficacy of a baptism if the pastor performing the baptism performed the wrong actions. The older children were more likely than younger children to claim that the baptism could still work even if the pastor made mistakes.
,,Heim nach Dameschek". Jerusalem als Ursprung und Verschiebung in der deutsch-jüdischen Literatur vor 1948
Authors: Leuenberger Stefanie 
Published: July 2006

AbstractExamining the depiction of Jerusalem in German-Jewish literature between 1848 and 1948, this essay explores the occupation of real places by the imagination. The work with the old myths as well as the invention of new ones about Jerusalem expressed the negotiation of cultural identity and the German-Jewish situation in an era that saw the far-reaching modernization of Judaism. In the tension between the force of descent and the horizon of self-invention, some authors created the space for the ,,invention of a tradition" in modernity.
The Role of an International Facilitating Service for Conflict Resolution
Authors: Kelman Herbert 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe large numbers of deadly conflicts between ethnic and other identity groups around the world call for more extensive and systematic applications of interactive problem-solving methods of conflict resolution. This article urges the conflict-resolution community to explore the necessity, value, and feasibility of establishing a new international and largely non-governmental organization or consortium devoted to monitoring such conflicts as they evolve and ready to help prevent, de-escalate, and resolve them through the use of interactive problem-solving techniques. The approach to conflict resolution envisaged by the author for this organization is based on direct communication, in a non-official context, between politically influential members of the communities in conflict. The article presents a model of the organization and its three components and concludes with a series of research questions to help determine (1) whether the proposed concept of an international facilitating service ought to be pursued and, if so, (2) how best to define its structure and functions so that it can make a unique contribution to international conflict resolution in constructive interaction with other non-governmental, governmental, and intergovernmental organizations devoted to peacemaking, peacekeeping, developmental aid, humanitarian assistance, human rights, and reconciliation.