bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating local and scientific knowledge for adaptation to land degradation: Kalahari rangeland management options
Authors: Reed M. S. , Dougill A. J. , Taylor M. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDespite numerous assessments of the sensitivity and resilience of drylands to degradation, there has been little research into the way affected communities innovate and adapt in response to land degradation. This paper shows how local and scientific knowledge can be combined to identify rangeland management strategies to reduce or adapt to land degradation. To achieve this, we have developed and applied a four‐stage social learning approach based on stakeholder participation in three degradation ‘hotspots’ in communal rangelands of the Kalahari, Botswana. This approach aims to collate, evaluate and apply both scientific and local knowledge on rangeland degradation and management options. First, current practice and possible management options were identified from the literature. Second, a series of semi‐structured interviews with rangeland users identified local knowledge of strategies to reduce and adapt to land degradation. Third, these options were discussed and evaluated with rangeland stakeholders in focus groups held across each study region. Finally, the outputs from these focus groups were used to produce rangeland assessment guides for each region that provided management options agreed to be locally relevant by both researchers and local stakeholders. The study found that the majority of strategies reported in the literature were not suitable for use by pastoralists in the Kalahari. However, many of the strategies suggested by stakeholders could only be applied effectively under common property regimes, giving impetus to the growing literature encouraging institutional reform to strengthen common property management regimes. The research stimulated a social learning process that combined knowledge from local stakeholders (both pastoralists and extension workers) with the scientific knowledge of researchers to provide a range of management options that could help land managers reduce or adapt to land degradation. By combining participatory research with insights from scientific literature in this way, more relevant results were provided than either approach could have achieved alone. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caregiver burden in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Martínez‐Martín Pablo , Forjaz Maria João , Frades‐Payo Belén , Rusiñol Angels Bayés , Fernández‐García José Manuel , Benito‐León Julián , Arillo Víctor Campos , Barberá Miquel Aguilar , Sordo Margarita Pondal , Catalán María José 
Published: January 2007

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that imposes an important burden upon the patient's caregiver. This study aims at assessing caregiver burden (CB) and analyzing its relationship with sociodemographic, emotional, and functional factors, as well as health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The following measures were applied to 80 patients with PD: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); the EuroQoL (for HRQoL); and PD‐specific measures (Hoehn and Yahr staging and SCOPA‐Motor ADL subscale). Patients' main caregivers completed the HADS, SF‐36, EuroQoL, and Zarit CB Inventory (ZCBI). The ZCBI was found to be a valid and reliable measure in the context of PD. There was a significant association between CB and caregivers' HRQoL (r = −0.29 to −0.64). Mental aspects of caregivers' HRQoL and burden were affected by disability and disease severity. The presence of caregivers' depression had a significant negative effect on both CB and HRQoL. The main predictors of CB were caregivers' psychological well‐being, patients' mood and clinical aspects of PD (disability and severity), and HRQoL of patients and caregivers. This study underscores the need to consider the impact of PD on caregivers' well‐being. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
High levels of CXCL8 in tracheal aspirate samples taken at birth are associated with adverse respiratory outcome only in preterm infants younger than 28 weeks gestation
Authors: De Dooy Jozef , Ieven Margareta , Stevens Wim , De Clerck Luc , Mahieu Ludo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe investigated the relation between perinatal endotracheal colonization, the associated cytokine response and respiratory outcome in ventilated preterm neonates. Between September 1999 and March 2002, a cohort of 141 neonates with a gestational age <31 weeks requiring ventilation directly after birth, were followed prospectively. All were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Antwerp, Belgium. A tracheal aspirate (TA) sample was collected soon after birth and was processed for microbiological examination, leukocyte count, and cytokine analysis (interleukines [IL] IL‐1β, IL‐6, CXCL8 (formerly called IL‐8), IL‐10, IL‐12p70 and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF‐α]). Together with the prospectively registered patient's comorbidities and severity of disease, these inflammatory parameters were analyzed in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model with time of extubation and duration of oxygen therapy as main outcome measures. Of the 141 patients included, 31 (22%) died before discharge from the unit and 37 (26%) had a positive TA culture. Independent predictors of duration of mechanical ventilation were: gestational age <28 weeks, degree of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) at birth, significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the SNAP‐score, and high levels of CXCL8 (>4,153 pg/ml) in TA only in neonates with a gestational age <28 weeks. Variables associated with extended duration of oxygen therapy were gestational age <28 weeks, birth weight <1,000 g, degree of RDS at birth, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:193–203. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of a sustained inflation on regional distribution of gas and perfluorocarbon during partial liquid ventilation
Authors: Morris Kevin , Cox Peter , Frndova Helena , Holowka Stephanie , Babyn Paul 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo study the effect of a sustained inflation (SI) maneuver on the regional distribution of gas and perfluorocarbon (PFC) during partial liquid ventilation (PLV) in normal pigs using computerized densitometry.Study DesignObservational study.SettingAnimal research laboratory.ParticipantsThree healthy anaesthetized pigs.InterventionsPartial liquid ventilation, lung recruitment, CT densitometry.MethodologyLungs were filled with PFC to “liquid functional residual capacity (FRC)” (35–41 ml/kg) and CT images were recorded at a series of predetermined airway pressure levels (0, 20, 30, 40 cm H2O) both before and after SI to an airway pressure of 40 cm H2O for 30 sec. Anterior, middle, and posterior regions from upper (apical lung) to lower (basal lung) CT slices were analyzed at each pressure level for Hounsfield units to describe the relative distribution of gas and PFC before and after SI. Using an occlusion technique true gas volume above FRC was determined at each pressure level, before and after SI, and a pressure‐volume (gas) envelope determined for each animal.ResultsAt low airway pressures (<20 cm H2O) gas was distributed predominantly to the anterior (non‐dependent) part of the lung and PFC predominantly to the posterior (dependent) lung. Gas and liquid were more uniformly distributed throughout the lung at airway pressures >20 cm H2O. Generation of a pressure‐volume (gas) envelope for each animal demonstrated an increase in total gas volume above FRC at each pressure level following recruitment of the lung with SI. However, marked regional differences were evident with the greatest effects of SI seen at higher airway pressures in posterior and basal regions.ConclusionThe healthy PFC filled lung demonstrates an increase in total gas volume following SI. CT densitometry suggests marked heterogeneity of gas/PFC distribution between different regions of lung and heterogeneity of response to SI. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:204–209. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship of clinical and inflammatory markers to outcome in stable patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Downey Damian G. , Martin S. Lorraine , Dempster Martin , Moore John E. , Keogan Mary T. , Starcher Barry , Edgar Julia , Bilton Diana , Elborn J. Stuart 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDecreased survival in patients with cystic fibrosis has been related to FEV1, BMI, and infection with Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC). We have assessed the relationship of blood, sputum, and urine inflammatory markers to lung function, BMI, colonization with B cenocepacia (Bc), and patient survival. Thirty‐nine stable cystic fibrosis (CF) patients (10 with Bc) were enrolled in a study to determine the effect of alpha‐1‐antitrypsin on airways inflammation. Pre‐treatment measurements were used in this study. Demographics, sputum microbiology, heart rate, oxygen saturation, lung function were recorded. Blood samples were obtained for white blood count (WBC), C‐Reactive Protein (CRP), and plasma neutrophil elastase/AAT complexes (pNEC). Neutrophil elastase (NE), neutrophil elastase/AAT complexes (sNEC), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), TNF‐receptor 1 (sTNFr), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in sputum and urinary desmosine concentration determined. Patients with Bc had significantly higher levels of pNEC, 332 ± 91.4 ng/ml (mean ± SEM) versus 106 ± 18.2 ng/ml (P = 0.0005) and sNEC, 369 ± 76.6 ng/ml versus 197 ± 36.0 ng/ml compared to those who were not. Five deaths were reported at the end of 1 year, (four with Bc) (P = 0.011). Patients who subsequently died had significantly lower lung function FEV1, 1.2 ± 0.2 L versus 2.0 ± 0.1 L (P = 0.03) and FVC, 2 ± 0.3 L versus 3.1 ± 0.2 L (P = 0.01), compared to those that survived. There was significantly higher NE activity, 3.6 ± 1.6 U/ml versus 1.5 ± 0.6 U/ml (P = 0.03), pNEC, 274 ± 99 ng/ml versus 142 ± 30 ng/ml (P = 0.05), MPO, 163 ± 62 mcg/ml versus 54 ± 6.9 mcg/ml (P = 0.03), and urinary desmosines 108 ± 19.9 pM/mg creatinine versus 51.1 ± 3.3 pM/mg creatinine (P = 0.001), in those patients who subsequently died compared to those that survived. These data suggest there is increased neutrophil degranulation in patients infected with Bc and these patients have a poor outcome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:216–220. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence and outcome of scoliosis in children with pleural infection
Authors: Mukherjee S. , Langroudi B. , Rosenthal M. , Balfour‐Lynn I.M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAimsTo ascertain the incidence and outcome of secondary scoliosis associated with parapneumonic effusions/empyema.MethodsRetrospective review of case notes of children with pleural effusions over a 3‐year period. Review of digitalized erect chest radiographs by two observers with serial measurements of Cobb angles. Scoliosis defined as lateral curvature of the spine ≥10°.ResultsOf 122 children (median age 4.3 years), 103 (84%) required chest drains of whom 83/103 (81%) received urokinase; 5 (4%) required surgical decortication. On admission, 56 (46%) had a scoliosis, 68 (62%) on the 2nd radiograph, and 68 (59%) at discharge; overall 87 (71%) had a scoliosis at some stage. In all cases, there was a single thoracic curve with the direction towards the side of the effusion. There was no association between scoliosis and size or type of effusion, nor inflammatory markers. There was a statistically significant but small effect from duration of illness prior to admission. At follow‐up, 6 (5%) had a mild residual scoliosis but all subsequently resolved. Intraobserver variability for measurement of Cobb angles was ±4.6° and interobserver variability was ±5.8°.ConclusionsScoliosis was common but always resolved so therapy is unnecessary; follow up is recommended to exclude coincidental idiopathic scoliosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:221–224. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unilateral lung agenesis—detrimental roles of surrounding vessels
Authors: Chou An‐Kou , Huang Shu‐Chien , Chen Shyh‐Jye , Huang Pei‐Ming , Wang Jou‐Kou , Wu Mei‐Hwan , Chen Yih‐Sharng , Chang Chung‐I , Chiu Ing‐Sh , Wu En‐Ting 
Published: January 2007

AbstractUnilateral lung agenesis is a rare congenital defect and could be associated with multiple abnormalities. The patients usually have poor long‐term outcomes especially in those with right lung agenesis. We reviewed the 10‐year experience in our hospital to describe special clinical features and try to delineate the causes of poor outcomes. From 1995 to 2005, 14 patients less than 18 years of age with unilateral lung agenesis (4 with left agenesis, 10 with right agenesis) were enrolled. Medical records reviewed included diagnosis, presentation, chromosome anomalies, cardiovascular anomalies and interventions, outcomes. We found that the mechanisms of severe airway disease in right lung agenesis included (1) trachea compression by the aortic arch, (2) the presence of “pseudo–ring‐sling complex,” (3) distended pulmonary artery due to left to right shunt which impinged the only bronchus, and finally (4) the persistent LSVC that restricts the growth of trachea. The etiologies of airway complication in left lung agenesis included anomalous aortic arch compression on trachea and the coexisting heart disease with significant left to right shunt, which impinged on the bronchus. In conclusion, unilateral lung agenesis has frequently associated airway problems due to its surrounding vessels. Satisfactory airway intervention remains challenging. This disease still requires great effort to improve patient outcomes. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:242–248. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abiotic influences on the biomass of Vallisneria americana Michx. in the Upper Mississippi River
Authors: Kreiling Rebecca M. , Yin Yao , Gerber D. Timothy 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAmerican wildcelery, Vallisneria americana Michx. is an ecologically important component of aquatic communities in the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). We conducted a study in 2002 to determine the association of several abiotic factors on the vegetative growth of Vallisneria in Navigation Pool 8 (Pool 8) of the UMR. We measured turbidity, percent light absorbance, surface water ammonium, surface water nitrate, current velocity, conductivity, pH and water depth throughout one growing season at 56 stratified sites based on where Vallisneria occurred in previous years. Sediment and aboveground biomass samples were collected during peak growth. Sediment was analysed for organic content, particle size, pore water nitrate and pore water ammonium. Vallisneria biomass samples were dried to constant mass. Because some sites were without water for much of the growing season, only data from 52 sites were reported. Biomass was associated with depth, percent light absorbance, turbidity and wind fetch. Vallisneria was abundant in the depth range of 0.55 to 1.03 m, in areas receiving at least 38% of surface light and in areas exposed to greater wind fetch (>2000 m). Our results suggest that the primary abiotic variable associated with Vallisneria americana in the UMR is light, not nutrients. Published in 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining and developing measures of lean production
Authors: Shah Rachna , Ward Peter T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOur research addresses the confusion and inconsistency associated with “lean production.” We attempt to clarify the semantic confusion surrounding lean production by conducting an extensive literature review using a historical evolutionary perspective in tracing its main components. We identify a key set of measurement items by charting the linkages between measurement instruments that have been used to measure its various components from the past literature, and using a rigorous, two‐stage empirical method and data from a large set of manufacturing firms, we narrow the list of items selected to represent lean production to 48 items, empirically identifying 10 underlying components. In doing so, we map the operational space corresponding to conceptual space surrounding lean production. Configuration theory provides the theoretical underpinnings and helps to explain the synergistic relationships among its underlying components.
Reactions to a psychiatric service for adolescents: a survey of professional referrers
Authors: Raven Faith 
Published: January 2007

An investigation to discover what factors underlay the referrers' overall reaction to the service provided by an adolescent unit is described. In particular, the part played by unfamiliar features of the unit's admission procedure is explored.The survey covers 102 referrers who could be traced after their contact with the unit.The referrer's satisfaction correlated with perceived improvements in the adolescents and the increased degree of contact with the unit and with the involvement of the referrer in decisions about the patient.
Representations of the future among Senegalese secondary school students
Authors: D'Hondt W. , Vandewiele M. 
Published: January 2007

This study investigated future perspectives of young Senegalese by administering a questionnaire to 1044 secondary school students (282 girls and 762 boys, age range 11–22 years). This amounted to only two questions: (1) how do you imagine yourself in 20 years' time and (2) how do you figure out the world in the year 2000?Concerning their own future, the students' main preoccupation was about their role as a father/mother of a family and their assistance to their parents. A majority nourished great professional ambitions and paid most particular attention to the material aspects of their careers. Over half of them expected a definite change in the evolution of their personality. As to the world's future, they were slightly more pessimistic than optimistic (boys and older students above all). A portion of the sample expressed fear of war and concern over the moral degradation of the times while some others still believed in peace and a better world.
Declarative modelling in the ecological and environmental sciences
Authors: Muetzelfeldt Robert 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMost simulation models in ecological and environmental research are implemented as computer programs in a conventional programming language. This brief paper argues for a radically different approach, based on the representation of the model structure, relationships and equations in a declarative format (e.g. XML). Simulation code can then be generated from this, but in addition the model can be displayed and processed in a wide range of useful ways, greatly increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the modelling process.
Environmental modelling and Web 2.0 - using Connotea to share XML-represented information
Authors: Muetzelfeldt Robert 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMuch academic information can be represented in a structured way and published on the web as XML documents. Such information can then be displayed in a wide variety of ways, using different XSLT stylesheets. This presentation presents MultiGuise, a Web application which allows any of several XML documents to be displayed using any of several stylesheets. Both the documents and the stylesheets are bookmarked in Connotea, from where MultiGuise retrieves them using a special tag. This approach means that anyone can add documents and stylesheets, simply by bookmarking them in Connotea.The approach is illustrated primarily with environmental models represented in XML, but also with examples from SBML (Systems Biology Markup Language) and philosophical arguments marked up in XML.
Molecular Dynamics of Methane at Low and Moderate Densities Studied by Cold Neutron Scattering
Authors: L G Olsson  
Published: January 2007

In order to study the molecular dynamics of methane at low and moderate densities cold neutron scattering experiments were undertaken with the following target samples:
gas: Temperature 295 K and pressures 15, 70 and 130 atm.
Temperature 198 K and pressure 60 atm.
liquid: Temperature 184 K and pressure 45 atm.
To interpret the experimental data it is necessary to assume that the rotational and translational motions of the molecule scatter neutrons independently. The following result is then obtained:
1. The rotational motion is fairly well reproduced by models close to the free rotation behaviour for all the investigated states.
2. The translational motion at 295 K is described by the ideal gas model only for very dilute systems. Already at the pressure 15 atm the collision narrowing effect is visible. For pressures 15 to 130 atm and the temperature 295 K the rigid sphere model gives the best agreement with the experimental data, while for states around the critical point no available model can satisfactorily reproduce the measured spectra. The observed discrepancies are manifested in a somewhat larger width of the experimental, quasielastic peak than predicted by the theoretical models based on the picture of freely streaming particles making binary collisions.
Les niveaux 4f11(4I15/2) 5d, 6p de l'holmium une fois ionisé (Ho II)
Authors: Nissan Spector  
Published: January 2007

The two entire structures of the 10 odd levels 4f11(4I15/2)5dand 6 even levels 4f11(4I15/2)6pof Ho II have been established. Forty infrared lines are classified. The following values for the spin-orbit parameters have been obtained directly from the two structures based on their evidentJ-jcharacter:ζ5d= 802 cm-1, ζ6p= 2 118 cm-1
A Study of the Beam-Foil Excitation Mechanism Using 30-300 keV He+Projectiles
Authors: B Dynefors  , I Martinson  , E Veje  
Published: January 2007

Beam-foil excitation functions have been measured for some optical transitions in neutral He (singly as well as doubly excited) and ionized He in the projectile energy range 30-300 keV. The excitation functions have been converted into relative population functions, which for levels within individual level schemes are proportional. The three sets of population functions have been linked by two parameters, one accounting for Rydberg states, and the other accounting for 1s core vacancies. The two empirically determined parameters reproduce also charge state distribution data as well as an absolute beam-foil population measurement.The relative level populations have been measured for thend3DRydberg series,n⩽ 11, at 100 keV and at 200 keV and found to be asymptotically close to ann-3behaviour.A search for optical observation of radiative electron capture was performed at 100 keV and 200 keV, the result being negative.
Erratum for "Five-meson VDM Fits to the Nucleon Form Factors", S. Mehrotra and M. Roos, Physica Scripta 13, 265 (1976)
Authors: S Mehrotra  , M Roos  
Published: January 2007

By mistake the following errors appeared in this paper:Page 265, equation (2): F11should read F1/21;Page 269, the reference list in this erratum is to be added.