bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frustum confining vessel for testing model piles
Authors: Horvath Robert G , Stolle Dieter 
Published: April 2008

A cone-shaped vessel, a frustum, has been developed for testing model piles. The magnitude of the confining stresses in the soil within the vessel can be controlled by applying pressure to a piston in the bottom of the device. A series of continous cone penetration tests was performed to determine approximate stress distributions with depth along the frustum axis. The penetration test results indicated that vertical stress within the soil mass increased with depth from zero at the top of the soil to a maximum value at the bottom, which is controlled by the stress applied to the bottom piston. Finite element analyses, which were carried out to establish stress patterns within the frustum confining vessel, confirmed the results obtained from the physical testing. This study demonstrates that the new confining vessel enables physical testing of small-scale model foundations under soil mass conditions that more closely reflect the in situ stress conditions encountered with full-scale foundations under in-service conditions. Key words: cone penetration resistance, confining stress, finite element analyses, frustum confining vessel, small-scale model testing, stress distribution.
Coupled diffusionfabric-flow phenomena: an effective stress analysis
Authors: Fam M , Santamarina J C 
Published: April 2008

Concentration diffusion, fluid flow and fabric changes are coupled phenomena in fine soils. Indeed, experimental results previously presented by the authors showed the presence of a pressure front advancing ahead of the diffusing high-concentration front in bentonite and kaolinite specimens. This note presents a simple analysis of diffusionfabric-flow coupling, based on elementary double-layer repulsion and attraction. Model predictions adequately agree with experimental data. High specific surface, high initial void ratio, and low initial pore-fluide concentration increase the sensitivity of soils to changes in pore-fluid concentration and enhance the potential development of pore pressure fronts. Key words: coupling, diffusion, clay, pore pressure, interparticle forces.
EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF MACHINE LEARNING BASED SOFTWARE DEFECT PREDICTION TECHNIQUES
Authors: CHALLAGULLA VENKATA UDAYA B. , BASTANI FAROKH B. , YEN I-LING , PAUL RAYMOND A. 
Published: April 2008

Automated reliability assessment is essential for systems that entail dynamic adaptation based on runtime mission-specific requirements. One approach along this direction is to monitor and assess the system using machine learning-based software defect prediction techniques. Due to the dynamic nature of software data collected, Instance-based learning algorithms are proposed for the above purposes. To evaluate the accuracy of these methods, the paper presents an empirical analysis of four different real-time software defect data sets using different predictor models. The results show that a combination of 1R and Instance-based learning along with Consistency-based subset evaluation technique provides a relatively better consistency in achieving accurate predictions as compared with other models. No direct relationship is observed between the skewness present in the data sets and the prediction accuracy of these models. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) does not show a consistent advantage in improving the accuracy of the predictions. While random reduction of attributes gave poor accuracy results, simple Feature Subset Selection methods performed better than PCA for most prediction models. Based on these results, the paper presents a high-level design of an Intelligent Software Defect Analysis tool (ISDAT) for dynamic monitoring and defect assessment of software modules.
Properties of Projection Lines in the Space of the Orientation Distribution Function
Authors: Morawiec A. , Pospiech J. 
Published: April 2008

The relationship between the orientation distribution function (ODF) and the pole
figure is based on the geometry of projection lines in the orientation space.The paper presents an analytical description of the projection lines and their
transformations by symmetry operations. Using simple algebraical rules some
properties of the projection lines as well as some properties of the associated
projection lines (coupled due to the centrosymmetry of the pole figure) have been
derived.
Texture and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Bunge H. J. 
Published: April 2008

The magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials are closely related to the crystallographic texture,
i.e. the orientation distribution of the crystallites, they are, however, not uniquely determined by the
texture. Higher order “textural quantities” such as, for instance, orientation correlation functions are
additionally needed for a more complete description.The properties in saturation are uniquely determined by the texture. They can be expressed by a
fourth—or sixth—order approximation of the texture function which can be obtained by “low
resolution” texture measurements.On the other hand, magnetic anisotropy measurements can only provide a low‐resolution
approximation to the texture function and not the complete function.The distribution of magnetization directions can be described by a “magnetic texture” which can be calculated from pole figures measured by neutron diffraction using the method of superposed pole
figures.
Interlaboratories Tests of Textures of Zircaloy‐4 Tubes. Part 1: Pole Figure Measurements and Calculation of Kearns Coefficients
Authors: Baron J. L. , Esling C. , Feron J. L. , Gex D. , Glimois J. L. , Guillen R. , Humbert M. , Lemoine P. , Lepape J. , Mardon J. P. , Thil A. , Uny G. 
Published: April 2008

Interlaboratories tests of textures initiated by ZIRCOTUBE, a manufacturer of zircaloy tubes and
FRAGEMA, a designer, have been organized. The study focuses on cladding tubes in the cold
worked stress relieved state and on thimble tubes, standard section and reduced section, in the fully
annealed state.The first part of the tests consists in measuring incomplete pole figures in reflection, in drawing the
(RD, LD) and (RD, TD) linear sections of the pole figure (00.2) and in calculating the ƒR,  ƒT,  ƒL Kearns coefficients relative to the pole figure (00.2).The synthesis of the reports presented by the three industrial teams and by two university teams,
which have taken part in the interlaboratories tests, shows that the results are rather clustered, the
remaining differences could have been brought about by various preparations of samples and by
various adjustments of the measuring devices.This study will be completed by three‐dimensional analyses of texture using programs developed or
purchased by the different laboratories (Second part).
Textures in Ceramic Superconductors
Authors: Liu W. P. , Park N.-J. , Bunge H. J. 
Published: April 2008

Textures in bulk Y–Ba–Cu–O superconducting materials were studied. Texturing methods are based
on the paramagnetic anisotropy, grain‐dimension anisotropy and surface‐energy anisotropy of the
crystals. Five incomplete X‐ray pole figures including four superimposed ones were measured for the
ODF calculation. The ODFs were calculated with the series expansion method including the positivity
method by means of an iteration process.The results show that a strong (001)‐fibre texture can be achieved by magnetic alignment but the
density of the materials after sintering is still too low. The grain‐dimension effect which exists in
nearly all powder‐forming process, is very weak for texturing of the materials. The surface texture
depends on recrystallization of the powder particles.
Influence of Cold Rolling With Grooved Rolls on the Texture Formation of Steel Sheets
Authors: Tanikawa Katsumi , Hosoya Yoshihiro , Nishimoto Akihiko 
Published: April 2008

Effects of cold rolling with grooved rolls and following flattening
on both the cold rolling texture and the primary recrystallization
texture of extra low carbon Al‐killed steel sheets have been studied by
crystallite orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis.
Consequently, it was clarified that the preferred orientation of
the sheet subjected to the groove‐rolling followed by flattening shifted
from {112}<111> to {100}<011>. With change in the cold rolling texture,
the primary recrystallization texture of the groove‐rolled sheet was
composed of lower {111}<110> and higher {100}<0vw> as compared with that
of the conventionally flat rolled one. The results suggest that the
lattice rotation around <110> axis which is parallel to the transverse
direction is accelerated by the groove‐rolling.
Effect of Stress on the Variant Selection in Martensitic Transformation
Authors: Miyaji Hirofumi , Furubayashi Ei-Ichi 
Published: April 2008

The anisotropic constraint stress will be induced in the specimens of
thin sheets, when they are quenched below Ms temperature without external
stress. The characteristics of variant selection phenomenon were studied
under these conditions. The texture of γ and α of ferrous alloys were
analyzed with X‐ray method. The results obtained could be explained
satisfactorily with the Bain Strain model as follows:(1) Variant selection phenomenon depends on the orientation of the parent
phase and on the Bain strain associated with martensitic transformation.(2) Such variants that have the largest Bain strain components to the
sheet normal are selected predominantly, because the occurrence of variants
are prevented least of all under the anisotropic constraint stress.
Effect of Dispersoid Al3Ni on Mechanical Properties and Texture in Extruded Al‐Ni Alloys
Authors: Tsukuda I. , Nagai S. , Fukui K. , Inakazu N. 
Published: April 2008

The strengthening mechanism of a dispersion strengthened alloy is strongly related
to such metallurgical parameters as particle size, volume fraction of particles, interparticle
spacing and grain size. Such relationships are described in extruded Al‐Ni alloys containing
fine eutectic particles and coarse primary particles.The theoretical values derived from the shear‐lag theory and Orowan strengthening
are not in agreement with the observed strength. The grain size should also be taken into account.The effects of particles on the microstructure arise either from the presence of nucleation
site at the coarse particles or the pinning of grain boundaries due to the fine particles.
The recrystallization behavior is investigated using a textural observation by changing the
dispersion parameters. The coarse particles weaken the deformation texture. The relationships
between the texture and the dispersion parameters are discussed.
Recrystallization of High Symmetry Aluminium Single Crystals AfterPlane Strain Compression
Authors: Akef A. , Fortunier R. , Driver J. H. , Watanabe T. 
Published: April 2008

Recrystallization textures have been correlated with the initial deformation textures
and microstructures of 3 high symmetry orientations of aluminium crystals deformed in
plane strain compression up to true strains of 1,5 and annealed at 400°C. The
deformation textures were characterised by X‐ray pole figures and the recrystallized grain
orientations by SACP. The initial orientations were chosen to provide different types
and spatial distributions of potential nucleation sites in the form of high lattice
misorientation regions.In the case of 2 of the orientations, the recrystallization textures could be derived
from the initial deformation textures by means of the 30‐40°<111> orientation
relationship characteristic of oriented growth. These orientations, {111}<112> and
{110}<011> do not appear to form large numbers of transition bands.However, during plane strain compression, the {001}<010> cube orientation splits
into many {012}<021> bands misoriented by large rotations of opposite sign about TD.
Subsequent recrystallization develops a strong cube texture, probably as a consequence
of oriented nucleation from the relatively high density of cube oriented nuclei in the
residual transition band regions. It is concluded that the controlling mechanism of
recristallization texture development‐oriented growth or oriented nucleation‐depends upon
the initial grain orientation.
Approximation of the Orientation Distribution of Grains in Polycrystalline Samples by Means of Gaussians
Authors: Nikolayev D. I. , Savyolova T. I. , Feldmann K. 
Published: April 2008

The orientation distribution function (ODF) obtained by classical spherical harmonics analysis may be falsified by ghost influences as well as series truncation effects. The ghosts are a consequence of the
inversion symmetry of experimental pole figures which leads to the loss of information on the “odd”
part of ODF.In the present paper a new method for ODF reproduction is proposed. It is based on the
superposition of Gaussian distributions satisfying the central limit theorem in the SO(3)‐space as well
as the ODF positivity condition. The kind of ODF determination offered here is restricted to the fit of
Gaussian parameters and weights with respect to the experimental pole figures. The operating mode
of the new method is demonstrated for a rolling texture of copper. The results are compared with the
corresponding ones obtained by the series expansion method.
A New Library Program for Texture Calculations
Authors: Wagner F. , Esling C. , Baro R. 
Published: April 2008

A new library program which allows the calculation
and storage of the numerical tables necessary
for a three‐dimensional texture analysis is proposed.
Its main characteristics are:–possibility of selecting the values to be stored according
to the desired microscopic and macroscopic
symmetries as well as to the step of exploration of
the pole figures;–possibility of choosing the quantity of information
to be stored for obtaining, in the further three‐dimensional
analysis, a good agreement between the
computing time and the memory space; and–great precision of the stored values and short time
of calculation due to the use of new and optimized
aigorithms.
The Determination of Local Texture by Electron Diffraction–A Tutorial Review
Authors: Schwarzer R. A. 
Published: April 2008

Electron diffraction methods are briefly reviewed for the determination of individual grain
orientations and for the measurement of SAD pole figures. The standard techniques of orientation
determination grain by grain using a TEM are the interpretation of selected area electron spot and
microbeam Kikuchi diffraction patterns. Electron‐transparent thin samples are required. Specimen
regions smaller than 500 nm or 10 nm in diameter, respectively, can be studied. Alternatively,
quantitative pole figures can be measured using a TEM from selected areas down to 0.5 μm in
diameter.The orientations of grains in a bulk sample are obtained with an SEM from backscatter Kikuchi
patterns or from (selected area) channelling patterns. Spatial resolution is approximately 1 μm or
5 μm, respectively.Individual grain orientation and pole figure measurements can be performed on‐line by interfacing
the electron microscope with a computer. In contrast to X‐ray or neutron diffraction, electron
microscopes give the means to image microstructural details at high resolution as well as to study
crystal texture of exactly the same specimen region by electron diffraction.
Transformation Texture Analysis of BCC and BCT Ferrous Martensite
Authors: Miyaji Hirofumi , Furubayashi Ei-Ichi 
Published: April 2008

The theoretical prediction of transformation textures, that developed in thin sheet without external stress,
was carried out based on the Bain‐Strain and Twinning‐Shear model, respectively. To examine the
validity of the prediction, the experiments were conducted with X‐ray pole figure method on Fe‐30Ni
and Fe‐30Ni‐0.8C alloy sheets. The results obtained are as follows:(1) Variant selection phenomenon depends on the crystal orientation of the parent phase and on the Bain strain in the martensitic transformation.(2) The effect of the anisotropic constraint stress on the shear deformation involved in the lattice
change and on the Bain distortion appears most remarkably in the BCT martensite transformed
from the cube textured parent phase.
(3) It became clear that such a variant that has the largest Bain strain component to the sheet normal,
that is, the variant, of which the Bain distortion is prevented least of all by the anisotropic constraint
stress, forms predominantly.
Group‐Theoretical Approach to Reduced Orientation Spaces for Crystallographic Textures
Authors: Yashnikov V. P. , Bunge H. J. 
Published: April 2008

A unified group‐theoretical approach to the reduction problem for the orientation space of a
crystallographic texture is developed. After preliminary considerations of the three‐dimensional rotation
group SO(3) the concept of the invariant inner distance function in the group space has been introduced.
Left and right group translations, inner auto‐morphisms, motions of general form, and inversion
transforms in the space SO(3) are analysed. The concept of Dirichlet‐Voronoi partition dual to an
arbitrary finite set of rotations has been considered. It is shown that the Dirichlet‐Voronoi partition,
dual to the proper point group for the grain lattice of original orientation, is regular with respect to
the group of motions generated by elements of proper point group.
It is demonstrated that the true orientation space of a texture (at the absence of specimen symmetry)
may be obtained by passing to the topological closure of any Dirichlet‐Voronoi domain with the next,
identifying crystallographically equivalent rotations belonging to its topological boundary. Thus an
invariant derivation for the reduced (true) orientation space is given that does not require using any
particular parametrization for the group space SO(3).
Symmetry properties of Dirichlet‐Voronoi domains are studied in conclusion. It is shown that any
domain of such kind admits a finite group of symmetries generated by elements of a proper point group
and by an appropriate inversion of the group space SO(3). It is proved that only part of them may
be extended onto the true orientation space.
Characterization of Microstructure and Texture of a Titanium Alloy Corona 5
Authors: Benhaddad S. , Quesne C. , Penelle R. 
Published: April 2008

Both parameters, microstructure and texture, are studied on several samples for different processes.
The same route, thermomechanical treatment (forging or rolling) followed by solutioning and ageing
is carried out with various temperature and deformation amount on an identical titanium alloy CORONA 5.
According to three temperature fields: low (α + β), β and high (α + β) three important microstructures are obtained: equiaxed, acicular and bimodal.All measured textures present two components which vary with deformation mode and temperature of both forging and solutioning.
Influence of the Initial Grain Size on the Rolling and Recrystallization Textures in the Alloy Al‐1.8% Cu
Authors: Engler O. 
Published: April 2008

The influence of the initial grain size prior to deformation on the rolling and recrystallization textures is investigated in the alloy Al‐l.8wt%Cu by X‐ray macrotexture analysis. Two different particle stages are examined: (i) Small shearable precipitates give rise to shear band formation and, during annealing, to nucleation of recrystallization at shear bands. (ii) Large particles cause particle stimulated nucleation of recrystallization (PSN). The microstructural evolution, particularly during recrystallization nucleation, is elucidated by metallographical investigations supported by EBSD local texture analysis.Both the initial grain size and the precipitation state strongly influence the evolution of the rolling textures. The results are interpreted with the help of Taylor‐type deformation models. The recrystallization textures of Al‐alloys emerge from a superposition of the orientations stemming from the various nucleation sites, i.e. Cube‐bands, shear bands and particles. An increase of the initial grain size prior to deformation substantially shifts the recrystallization texture from the Cube‐orientation towards the orientations being attributed to the other nucleation sites (shear bands, particles) which is interpreted by the spatial density of the various nucleation sites.
Textures of Silver‐Halide Infrared Fibres
Authors: Böcker W. , Brokmeier H. G. , Bunge H. J. 
Published: April 2008

Fibres consisting of a silver chloride core, a silver bromide cladding and a metallic silver coating were produced by co‐extrusion followed by wire drawing and annealing. In most cases the core material was initially single crystalline. Together with the different flow stresses of core and cladding this may lead to inhomogeneous, non‐axially symmetric flow. Particularly it may lead to a non‐circular shape of the boundary between core and cladding which must be avoided when the fibres are to be used as infrared light conductors.The deviation from axially symmetric flow was studied with the help of texture investigations using neutron diffraction. The high penetration depth of neutrons allows the simultaneous measurement of the textures of all three phases of the composite fibres. Using neutron diffraction texture analysis as a sensitive flow indicator, coated “core‐cladding” as well as “graded” fibres with sufficient axial symmetry could thus be obtained. The fibres are well suited as infrared light conductors.
Physical Versus Mathematical Aspects in Texture Analysis
Authors: Bunge H. J. 
Published: April 2008

Texture deals with the orientational aspects of the crystal lattice in polycrystalline aggregates. This
comprises the classical orientation distribution function ODF as well as higher‐order textural quantities.
The quantitative treatment of these quantities requires a good deal of mathematical methods. This
concerns particularly the representation of orientation data including all kinds of symmetries, the
transformation of experimentally measured raw data into the required distribution functions, as well
as mathematical models of texture formation by physical processes and of the texture‐property
relationship.When physical facts are idealized in terms of a mathematical description or by mathematical models
then the physical limits, within which these are valid, must be known. Such physical limits are, for
instance, definition of crystal orientation by the crystal lattice which leads to an unsharpness relationship
between location and orientation resolution as well as a relationship between statistical relevance and
angular resolving power. Other physical limits are given by the “fuzzyness” of sample symmetry. A
central problem is pole figure inversion i.e. the inversion of the projection equation. This problem may
have a “physical” solution even if it does not have a mathematical one. Finally, in the problem of
rationalizing orientation distribution functions in terms of a low number of “components”, mathematical
aspects may be quite different from physical ones.In all these problems it is thus necessary to keep the mathematical aspects apart from physical aspects.