bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systolic time interval recordings in rabbits with congestive cardiomyopathy induced by chronic anthracycline administration
Authors: Long Harry J. , Diamond Sheldon S. , Burningham Richard A. , Raflo Charles P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Systolic time interval recordings were performed serially on 104 healthy female New Zealand White rabbits and 51 rabbits with congestive heart failure (chf) induced by chronic anthracycline drug therapy. The results were analyzed and the comparisons were made with studies of systolic time interval recordings of chf in persons. In the rabbit, chf is manifested by prolongation of the isovolumic contraction time, the preejection period (pep), and by shortening of the left ventricular ejection time (lvet). The ratio of pep/lvet was a sensitive indicator of left ventricular failure, with values in excess of 0.466 reflecting significant cardiac dysfunction at the 95% confidence level. The mean pep/lvet = 0.337 ± 0.66 in healthy rabbits and pep/lvet = 0.502 ± 0.075 in rabbits with chf. The pep index increased from 0.057 ± 0.007 in healthy rabbits to 0.074 ± 0.007 in rabbits with heart failure. The lvet index decreased from 0.173 ± 0.007 in healthy rabbits to 0.166 ± 0.010 in rabbits with chf.
Effect of C31G, an antimicrobial surfactant, on healing of incised guinea pig wounds
Authors: Michaels Edwin B. , Hahn Edwin C. , Kenyon Alan J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An anti-infective surfactant composition (C31G) promoted healing of infected and noninfected wounds in guinea pigs. In this animal model, histologic features of wounds treated topically with C31G revealed an increased rate of wound closure associated with decreased inflammatory response and increased C31G fibroblast infiltration and epithelialization. The effect of C31G on fibrin formation, the initial event of wound healing, was compared with effects of anionic and cationic surfactants that delay healing. The surfactants had different effects on clotting time, platelet activation, and cross-linkage of the stabilized clot. Seemingly, C31G increased the protein crosslinking of fibrin in clots containing fibronectin.
Enhancement of Moraxella bovis-induced keratitis of mice by exposure of the eye to ultraviolet radiation and ragweed extract
Authors: Gerber Jay D. , Frank Sandra K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of a ragweed extract and ultraviolet (uv) radiation on Moraxella bovis-induced keratitis of DBA/2J mice were investigated. Mouse eyes were exposed to ragweed extract and/or uv radiation during induction of keratitis. Pathogenesis was enhanced by exposure to ragweed extract alone and by exposure to uv radiation alone. It was enhanced most when eyes were exposed to ragweed extract and uv radiation.
Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in sheep
Authors: Guerrini V. H. , Filippich L. , English P. B. , Bourne D. W. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five healthy adult Merino ewes were each given 2 g of cefotaxime by the iv, im, and subcutaneous (sc) routes. The serial plasma samples collected after each treatment were analyzed for cefotaxime by a new high-pressure liquid chromatographic method. Plasma concentration time profiles were characterized by a linear 2-compartment model after iv administration and the following mean values (± sd) were found: biological half-life, 23 ± 8 minutes; apparent volume of distribution, 5.5 ± 1.3 L; plasma clearance, 0.37 ± 0.09 L/min; elimination rate constant, 0.066 ± 0.014 minute−1; rate of diffusion into tissue, 0.013 ± 0.013 minute−1; and out of tissue, 0.035 ± 0.017 minute−1. Plasma cefotaxime concentrations in the ewes given the drug by the iv, im, and sc routes were 113 ± 32, 71 ± 20, and 38 ± 11 μg/ml, respectively, at 15 minutes; 2.31 ± 0.82, 11.3 ± 6.6, and 16.4 ± 3.7 μg/ml at 120 minutes; and 1.05 ± 1.22, 9.3 ± 5.2, and 14.9 ± 1.27 μg/ml at 150 minutes.
After cefotaxime was given sc and im, plasma values were higher for a longer time than they were after the drug was given iv, probably due to a slower release of drug from the former injection sites.
Radiographic diagnosis of canine pregnancy: Onset of fetal skeletal radiopacity in relation to times of breeding, preovulatory luteinizing hormone release, and parturition
Authors: Concannon Patrick , Rendano Victor 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The onset and progression of canine fetal skeletal radiopacity were studied in relation to the times of mating, the preovulatory peak in serum luteinizing hormone (lh) levels, and parturition for each of 6 pregnancies. Lateral radiographs were obtained at 2- to 3-day intervals 30 days after mating and at 1- to 2-day intervals during the period fetal skeletons became radiopaque. Radiographs were assessed as to whether fetal elements were absent, barely discernible, distinct, or obvious. Fetal skeletal elements were 1st detected 20 to 21 days before parturition (42 to 52 days after mating and 44 to 47 days after the lh peak). Radiographs of fetal skeletons, sufficiently distinct for an unequivocal diagnosis of pregnancy, were obtained 17 to 20 days before parturition (43 to 54 days after mating and 46 to 49 days after the lh peak)
Scanning electron microscopic studies of adverse effects of ammonia on tracheal tissues of turkeys
Authors: Nagaraja K. V. , Emery D. A. , Jordan K. A. , Newman J. A. , Pomeroy B. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of 10 and 40 μl of NH3/L of air (10 and 40 ppm) on the tracheal tissues of turkeys were examined under the scanning electron microscope. Turkeys maintained in the presence of either level of NH3 had deterioration of their normal mucociliary apparatus after prolonged exposure. Excessive mucous production, matted cilia, and areas of deciliation in the tracheal tissues were detected in birds exposed to NH3 concentrations as low as 10 μl/L.
The tracheal tissues of birds not exposed to NH3 appeared normal. The implications of respiratory tract damage caused by NH3 are discussed.
Orthovoltage radiation of normal canine nasal passages: Assessment of depth dose
Authors: Feeney D. A. , Johnston G. R. , Williamson J. F. , Jessen C. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Frozen heads of 9 clinically normal dogs were irradiated with orthovoltage x-rays. Surface doses and nasal cavity depth doses were measured, and the percentage of surface dose (depth dose) was calculated at random depths from the dorsal cutaneous surface in transverse planes through the medial and lateral canthi. Depth dose of 2 orthovoltage x-ray beams having half-value layers of 1.5 mm of Cu (96 keV) and 2.6 mm of Cu (134 keV) were compared with and found to resemble that reported in depth dose tables based on soft tissue equivalent material. Any differences (identified graphically) in depth dose, compared with that described using a uniform (soft tissue equivalent) phantom, were explained by the variations in tissue composition and the presence of air within the normal nasal and paranasal cavities.
Resistance of Rowett athymic (nude) rats to casein-induced amyloidosis
Authors: Vargas Karen J. , Stephens L. Clifton 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Rowett athymic (nude) rats (n = 18) were injected subcutaneously (36 to 86 injections) or intraperitoneally (10 to 56 injections) with 10% casein solution to attempt to induce amyloidosis. Neither the injected nor the control rats had gross or microscopic evidence of amyloid deposition. Serum β- and γ-globulin concentrations were significantly higher in the injected rats than in the control rats. There were no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen or serum alanine aminotransferase values of the experimental groups compared to the control groups. The relationship of amyloidosis to deficient cell-mediated immunity and the use of the nude rat for the study of the pathogenesis of amyloidosis are discussed.
Inhibitory and lethal activities of rosaramicin, erythromycin, and clindamycin against Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni and intestinalis
Authors: Smith John A. , Isaac-Renton Judith L. , Jellett Joanne F. , Chow Anthony W. , Ngui-Yen John 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a comparative study of the inhibitory and lethal effects of rosaramicin, erythromycin, and clindamycin on strains of Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni and C intestinalis, C jejuni was more readily killed by rosaramicin and clindamycin than was C intestinalis. Erythromycin exhibited an equally lethal effect against both subspecies. However, it was the least active of the macrolides tested against both C jejuni and C intestinalis.
Development of colonies of Anaplasma marginale in the gut of incubated Dermacentor andersoni
Authors: Kocan Katherine M. , Holbert Donald , Ewing S. A. , Hair Jakie A. , Barron Selwyn J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three splenectomized dairy calves were inoculated with a Virginia isolate of Anaplasma marginale and were used as a source to infect laboratory-reared Dermacentor andersoni nymphs. One month after these had molted, groups of adult ticks were incubated at 37 C for 0, 1.5, 2.5, and 7 days. Tissue sections of gut were prepared from ticks in each incubation period in 3 trials and examined by light microscopy for colony density (No. of colonies/0.001 mm2 of gut tissue examined) and diameter and type of colonies of A marginale. The mean colony density for all trials of incubated ticks ranged widely from 2.23 to 7.32 colonies/0.001 mm2 of gut tissue examined. Despite this wide range, sections of gut from 345 of 346 ticks examined contained colonies. Both male and female ticks were infected in all experimental groups. Although variations of colony density among incubation groups of each trial were not statistically significant, the colony densities were greatest in the tick group incubated 7 days in trial 1 and in the groups incubated 2.5 days m trials 2 and 3.
The colonies were classified according to morphologic characteristics (colony types 1 to 5); all colony types were present in each incubation group from the 3 trials. Although distinct patterns of distribution of colony type were not apparent, there were fewer type 1 colonies (small electron-dense organisms) in the nonincubated tick groups of each trial than in any others, and type 1 colonies were most frequently observed in the 7-day incubated groups, especially in male ticks. In all 3 trials, type 3 colonies (electron-dense and reticulated organisms) were the most frequently observed type in ticks that were incubated 2.5 days. Mean diameter of each colony type became progressively larger in the 3 trials, ranging from 5.63 μm (for type 1) to 13.33 μm (for type 5). Usually, average diameters of colonies of all types were larger in male ticks than in female ticks.
Protection by oral administration of Brucella abortus strain 19 against an oral challenge exposure with a pathogenic strain of Brucella
Authors: Nicoletti Paul , Milward Francis W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty heifers were vaccinated orally with Brucella abortus strain 19. These heifers and 21 control heifers were challenge exposed in midgestation with strain 2308 by the oral route. Ten of 19 pregnant control heifers aborted and 14 were culture positive. Two additional heifers were seropositive at slaughter. Strain 2308 was recovered from 4 vaccinates at slaughter; none of the vaccinates aborted. Titers after oral vaccination persisted for less than 82 days.
Anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole against the bovine hookworm Bunostomum phlebotomum
Authors: Williams J. C. , Baumann B. A. , Hoerner T. J. , Knox J. W. , Snider T. G. , Fredotovich V. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 35 beef calves (mixed breeding and both sexes) with mixed naturally occurring infections of gastrointestinal nematodes, including several harboring Bunostomum phlebotomum, were assembled for the drug-efficacy evaluation on Nov 15, 1979. All animals were experimentally inoculated with hookworm L3 at an infection rate of 30 L3/kg of body weight by placing the larval inoculum, in small volume, in the outer chamber of the ear and restraining the animal for 18 minutes to allow the parasite to penetrate the skin. The animals had not been treated with anthelmintic to remove natural infection before they were experimentally inoculated. Increased hookworm egg counts (fecal examination) at the appropriate time for patency of infection and uniformity of numbers of adult worms in nontreated controls at necropsy indicated success of the inoculation procedure.
When 30 animals were positive for hookworm infection (Feb 14, 1980; or 59 to 66 days after experimental inoculation), they were allotted to 3 equal groups of 10 and treated as follows: group I—nontreated controls; group II—drenched with fenbendazole (10% suspension) at dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight; and group III—drenched with fenbendazole (10% suspension) at dose of 10 mg/kg. Equal numbers of cattle from each group were killed daily at 6 to 8 days after treatment.
Fecal egg counts were near zero in treated animals. Efficacy of fenbendazole against immature and mature parasites in the abomasum was in excess of 97% at both drug dosages. Cooperia spp were most numerous in the intestinal tract of nontreated controls. Large numbers of adult hookworms, ranging from 34 to 375, were recovered from nontreated controls. Fenbendazole efficacy at the 2 dosages against genera of the intestinal tract, including B phlebotomum, was near 100%.
Radiographic assessment of epiglottic length and pharyngeal and laryngeal diameters in the Thoroughbred
Authors: Linford Robert L. , O'Brien Timothy R. , Wheat John D. , Meagher Dennis M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
A lateral radiograph of the pharyngeal region provides a technique for identifying pharyngeal disorders, including entrapment of the epiglottic cartilage and dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Epiglottic cartilage length, predicted from radiographs by measurement from the body of the thyroid cartilage to the tip of the epiglottis (thyroepiglottic length), was well correlated to actual length at postmortem examination (r2 = 0.98). Thyroepiglottic length, corrected for magnification, was 8.76 ± 0.44 cm in 24 healthy Thoroughbreds. Nine Thoroughbreds with entrapment of the epiglottic cartilage and 6 with dorsal displacement of the soft palate had significantly short thyroepiglottic lengths—6.59 ± 0.33 cm and 6.43 ± 0.40 cm, respectively. The nasopharyngeal diameter of the Thoroughbreds with dorsal displacement of the soft palate was significantly less than the nasopharyngeal diameter of healthy Thoroughbreds. There was no significant difference between healthy and abnormal Thoroughbreds for pharyngoepiglottic, laryngeal, or tracheal measurements as determined from the lateral radiographs.
The head should be placed in a normal resting position to obtain the pharyngeal radiograph. Maximum dorsiflexion of the head significantly increased the pharyngoepiglottic distance, whereas maximum ventriflexion significantly decreased this distance. The nasopharyngeal diameter during dorsiflexion was significantly greater than during ventriflexion.
This investigation documented that a lateral pharyngeal radiograph provides important diagnostic information for evaluating suspected pharyngeal disorders in Thoroughbreds with airway obstruction of the cranial part of the respiratory tract.
Influence of selenium on aflatoxin B1 or crotalaria toxicity in turkey poults
Authors: Burguera John A. , Edds George T. , Osuna Orlando 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
This research compared the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 and monocrotaline, the active principle of Crotalaria spectabilis, and the additive effect between aflatoxin B1 and monocrotaline in turkey poults. It was of interest whether selenium fed at dosage levels of 0.1, 5, or 10 μg/g of feed would protect against the toxic effect of aflatoxin and/or monocrotaline, and whether the toxicants would result in detectable residues in poult tissues. A total of 180 healthy 1-day-old male turkey poults was assigned at random to 12 treatment groups (15 birds/group).
Body and liver weight losses, and low serum concentrations in total protein (TP), albumin (A), α-globulin (αG), and β-globulin (βG), as well as high values in γ-globulin (γG), were produced in the groups fed crotalaria. Pathologic changes were induced by monocrotaline with no protection afforded by the added selenium. Low values in TP, A, αG, and βG and in body and liver weights were observed in groups given the combination of aflatoxin plus crotalaria. Gross lesions were associated with an additive toxic effect and a lack of protective effect of selenium against this combination.
However, higher values in TP, A, αG, and βG, and liver weights in groups fed aflatoxin B1 plus selenium indicated that selenium had a protective effect against aflatoxin toxicity.
Residues of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 were found in the kidneys of poults fed aflatoxin B1; also, dehydro-retronecine (the metabolite of monocrotaline) was detected in livers of poults fed Crotalaria spectabilis seeds.
Absorption and distribution patterns of aflatoxicol and aflatoxins B1 and M1 in blood and milk of cows given aflatoxin B1
Authors: Trucksess Mary W. , Richard John L. , Stoloff Leonard , McDonald John S. , Brumley William C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two 600-kg lactating cows were each given a single oral dose (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) of aflatoxin B1 (B1). Samples were obtained at postdosing hours 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 and thereafter every 12 hours for 10 days. Aflatoxicol (Ro), B1, and aflatoxin M1 (M1) were found in the milk, plasma, and rbc of both cows at postdosing hour 1. Maximum concentrations of the toxins were observed at 12 and 60 hours. The ratio of the concentrations for Ro, B1 and M1 was approximately 1:10:100. Both cows had clinical signs of distress at 24 hours; 1 cow died at 60 hours and the other cow recovered within 4 days.
In the samples of liver, kidney, urine, bile, and rumen contents of the cow that died, the B1 concentrations were 5.1, 3.3, 4.1, 1.6, and 320 ng/g, respectively, and the M1 concentrations were 4.3,20, 37,16, and 8.6 ng/g. The Ro concentrations in the kidney were approximately equal to that of B1; however, liver, urine, bile, and rumen contents concentrations were 0.88, 0.10, 0.36, and 4.9 ng/g, respectively.
Effects of T-2 mycotoxin on bovine serum proteins
Authors: Mann D. D. , Buening G. M. , Hook B. , Osweiler G. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mycotoxin T-2 (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally to mixed-breed beef calves. Serum protein fractions, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and several complement protein concentrations were studied in control and toxin-treated calves. Total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations all decreased in toxin-treated calves as compared with that in controls. Similarly, the concentrations of α-, β1-, and β2-globulin fractions were reduced in the toxin-treated calves more than those in controls.
The IgG and IgM values were lower in toxin-treated calves than those in the controls. Complement proteins Bbov (of the alternate pathway) and the 3rd component of complement were lower in the toxin-treated calves. The fragment of Bbov activation, Bγ2, was increased after toxin treatment, indicating that activation of the alternate complement pathway was responsible for at least some of the reduction of the 3rd component of complement.
Serologic survey for leptospirosis in Arizona beef cattle in 1981
Authors: Songer J. G. , Chilelli C. J. , Marshall M. M. , Noon T. H. , Meyer R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sera from 1,215 beef cattle in Arizona were evaluated by leptospiral microscopic agglutination test in 1981. Over 25% had agglutinins to ≥ 1 of 5 serovars of Leptospira interrogans used as antigens (canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona) at a titer of ≥ 1:100, and 8.2% had titers of ≥ 1:400 to ≥ 1 serovars. The most common serovar to which reactions were detected was hardjo; agglutinins were detected at titers of ≥ 1:100 in 14.3% and of ≥ 1:400 in 5.5%. Cross reactions were rare at serum dilutions ≥ 1:100 (2%) and extremely rare at ≥ 1:400 (0.7%). Because vaccination with leptospiral bacterins is seldom practiced in Arizona beef cattle, a titer of ≥ 1:100 may be useful in estimating incidence and prevalence of the disease and as an aid to diagnosis of leptospirosis.
Simultaneous cystometry and uroflowmetry (micturition study) for evaluation of the caudal part of the urinary tract in dogs: Studies of the technique
Authors: Moreau Philippe M. , Lees George E. , Gross David R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A procedure similar to one used for urodynamic evaluation of persons was adapted for simultaneous cystometry and uroflowmetry in dogs. Percutaneous transabdominal urinary bladder catheterizations were used for bladder infusion and cystometry, so that urine flow during voiding would not be altered by urethra instrumentation.
The technique was evaluated twice in each of 12 healthy dogs (6 males and 6 females). Studies of individual dogs were performed 1 week apart. Comparisons were made between xylazine and oxymorphone for sedation to accomplish the procedure. Although the 2 drugs provided adequate sedation, oxymorphone was unsatisfactory because it interfered with micturition, whereas xylazine generally did not. Adverse consequences of the procedure occurred infrequently and were minor. According to results of urinalyses, hematuria or pyuria, or both, appeared during the week after the procedure was done in a few dogs, and staphylococcal bacteriuria was induced in 4 dogs. Fluid leakage from urinary bladders was not demonstrated by abdominal paracentesis immediately after each procedure or by contrast radiography performed the day after the 2nd study for each animal.
Micturition studies were concluded to be reasonably safe to do, especially when performed by experienced individuals. The studies were judged to have considerable potential value as a means to evaluate lower urinary tract function in dogs.
Comparative biological features of a rat liver abscess model induced with three Fusobacterium necrophorum strains
Authors: Scanlan C. M. , Berg J. N. , Lairmore M. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Several biological features were compared in a rat liver abscess model, using intraportal inoculations with 3 bovine strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum which varied in virulence. Serum alanine aminotransferase activities were increased significantly (P < 0.05) in rats inoculated with F necrophorum 2101 by postinoculation hours 6, 12, and 24. Thereafter, alanine aminotransferase values returned to base line for the remainder of the experiment. Also, rats inoculated with F necrophorum 2101 had a significantly greater (P < 0.05) weight loss than did the control rats during the first 5 postinoculation days and developed leukocytosis characterized by a neutrophilia with a left shift. The duration of the bacteremia was related directly to the virulence of the F necrophorum strain. Fusobacterium necrophorum 2101, a biotype A which was the most virulent, induced the most persistent bacteremia; F necrophorum 2035, a biotype B which was the least virulent, produced the shortest bacteremia; and F necrophorum 2030, a biotype AB which was of intermediate virulence, led to bacteremia of intermediate duration. Plasma endotoxin was demonstrated intermittently during the first 24 hours, but did not correlate with the bacteremia.