bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity characteristics of high-performing commercial swine breeding farms
Authors: Koketsu Yuzo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine productivity characteristics of high-performing swine breeding herds in the United States and to determine associations among number of litters per mated female per year (LMFY), number of pigs weaned per sow (PWS), and lactation duration.Design—Cohort study.Animals—1997 productivity records for 685 herds.Procedure—Herds were ranked on the basis of number of pigs weaned per mated female per year, and herds in the upper 10th percentile of this ranking were designated as high-performing herds. Productivity measurements for these herds were compared with values for the remaining herds.Results—High-performing herds had shorter lactation durations and higher mean breeding female inventories than did the remaining herds. High-performing herds also had better reproductive efficiency and used farrowing facilities more efficiently than did the remaining herds. For the high-performing herds, lactation duration was significantly associated with PWS but was not significantly associated with LMFY. In contrast, for the remaining herds, lactation duration was not significantly associated with PWS but was significantly associated with LMFY.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that high-performing commercial swine farms could increase PWS by improving preweaning mortality rate and number of pigs born alive, but that LMFY was already maximal. For other herds, however, shortening lactation duration would likely decrease farrowing interval and improve efficiency of the reproductive cycle without reducing litter size. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:376–379)
Clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of bronchiectasis in cats: 12 cases (1987–1999)
Authors: Norris Carol R. , Samii Valerie F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of bronchiectasis in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—12 cats with histologic evidence of bronchiectasis.Procedure—Information on signalment, body weight, clinical signs of respiratory disease, concurrent diseases, method by which lung tissue specimens were obtained (surgical biopsy or necropsy), and histopathologic findings was obtained by reviewing medical records from January 1987 to June 1999 for cats with confirmation of bronchiectasis by histologic examination. Available thoracic radiographs were reviewed by a board-certified radiologist.Results—Bronchiectasis was most commonly identified in older male cats. Clinical signs referable to the lower portion of the respiratory tract were detected in only 5 cats but, when evident, were usually chronic (duration > 1 year). Radiographic pattern of bronchiectasis was cylindrical in 4 cats, and in 1 of these cats, a saccular pattern was also identified. For most cats, bronchiectasis was detected in a single lung lobe. Radiographic evidence of bronchiectasis was not detected in 2 cats. Concurrent respiratory diseases included chronic bronchitis and bronchiolitis, neoplasia, bronchopneumonia, endogenous lipid pneumonia, and emphysema.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Bronchiectasis appears to be an uncommon respiratory tract disorder that predominantly affects older male cats. Thoracic radiography may not be sensitive for the diagnosis of bronchiectasis in cats. Bronchiectasis in cats appears to be a sequela of chronic inflammatory bronchopulmonary diseases, especially chronic bronchitis, neoplasia, and bronchopneumonia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:530–534)
Risk factors for acquired myasthenia gravis in cats: 105 cases (1986–1998)
Authors: Shelton G. Diane , Ho Mindy , Kass Philip H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of initial clinical signs and risk factors for acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) in cats.Design—Retrospective case-control study.Animals—105 cats from the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom with a confirmed diagnosis of acquired MG and 510 cats with other neuromuscular disorders, including generalized weakness, megaesophagus, and dysphagia (control group).Procedures—Records were retrieved from a database containing results of serum samples tested for acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Signalment, including breed, age, and state or country of origin, month of onset, and initial clinical signs were obtained. An acetylcholine receptor antibody titer > 0.3 nmol/L was diagnostic for acquired MG. Unconditional logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.Results—Compared with mixed-breed cats, the breed with the highest relative risk of acquired MG was the Abyssinian (including Somali). Significant differences between sexes were not detected. There was no compelling evidence for a difference in risk of developing MG between states or countries. Relative risk increased after 3 years of age. The most common clinical signs were generalized weakness without megaesophagus and weakness associated with a cranial mediastinal mass. Focal signs, including megaesophagus and dysphagia without signs of generalized weakness, were also evident.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A breed predisposition for acquired MG in Abyssinians (and related Somalis) was observed. Clinical signs were variable and included generalized weakness, megaesophagus, and dysphagia. A cranial mediastinal mass was commonly associated with MG in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:55–57)
Prognosis for presumed feline vaccine-associated sarcoma after excision: 61 cases (1986–1996)
Authors: Hershey A. Elizabeth , Sorenmo Karin U. , Hendrick Mattie J. , Shofer Frances S. , Vail David M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate time to first recurrence (TFR) and overall survival in cats with presumed vaccine-associated sarcomas (VAS) treated with excision.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—61 cats with presumed VAS.Procedure—Medical records of cats that received excision as the only initial treatment for presumed VAS were reviewed to evaluate prognosis. Overall survival curves and TFR were determined.Results—Median TFR was 94 days. Median TFR for tumors treated with excision performed at a referral institution (274 days) was significantly longer than that for tumors excised by a referring veterinarian (66 days). Radical first excision yielded significantly longer median TFR (325 days) than did marginal first excision (79 days). Cats with tumors located on the limbs had longer median TFR (325 days) than cats with tumors located in other sites (66 days). Median overall survival time was 576 days. Significant differences in survival times between groups were not detected. Few cats (13.8%) receiving only surgical treatment had longterm (> 2 years) survival.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Radical first excision of presumed VAS is essential for extended TFR. Current recommendations for vaccination of the distal portions of the extremities are appropriate, because this practice permits radical excision of tumors (amputation) that develop at vaccination sites; however, surgery alone is seldom curative. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:58–61)
Performance of serologic tests used to detect heartworm infection in cats
Authors: Snyder Patti S. , Levy Julie K. , Salute Marc E. , Gorman Shawn P. , Kubilis Paul S. , Smail Paul W. , George Linda L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare heartworm serum antibody (Ab) and antigen (Ag) test results, using commercial laboratories and in-house heartworm test kits, with necropsy findings in a population of shelter cats.Design—Prospective study.Animals—330 cats at an animal shelter.Procedure—Between March and June 1998, 30 ml of blood was collected from the cranial and caudal venae cavae of 330 cats that were euthanatized at a local animal shelter. Results of heartworm Ab and Ag serologic tests for heartworm infection were compared with necropsy findings in this population of cats, using commercial laboratories and in-house test kits to measure serum Ab and Ag concentrations.Results—On necropsy, adult Dirofilaria immitis were found in 19 of 330 (5.8%) cats. Combining results from serum Ab and Ag tests achieved higher sensitivities than using serum Ab and Ag test results alone (ie, maximum sensitivities of 100% vs 89.5%, respectively), whereas use of serum Ag and Ab test results alone achieved higher specificities compared with the use of a combination of serum Ab and Ag results (ie, maximum specificities of 99.4% vs 92.9%, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of our findings, if a cat has clinical signs that suggest heartworm disease despite a negative heartworm serum Ab test result, an alternative heartworm Ab test, a heartworm Ag test, thoracic radiography, or two-dimensional echocardiography should be performed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:693–700)
Effect of animal welfare audits of slaughter plants by a major fast food company on cattle handling and stunning practices
Authors: Grandin Temple 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the percentages of cattle that are stunned correctly and that vocalize (moo or bellow) when a major meat-buying customer conducts slaughter plant audits.Design—Survey of existing practices.Sample Population—22 federally inspected slaughter plants.Procedure—The 3 variables evaluated in each slaughter plant were stunning efficacy, insensibility on the bleed rail, and vocalization.Results—Of the 22 slaughter plants, 17 (77%) rendered ≥ 95% of the cattle insensible with a single shot from a captive bolt stunner. Twenty slaughter plants (91%) rendered 100% of the cattle completely insensible before hanging them on the bleed rail. Eighteen of 21 (86%) slaughter plants achieved cattle vocalization scores of ≤ 3%. The mean vocalization score for all slaughter plants was 3.08%. Vocalization ranged from 0.66 to 17%.Conclusions—Results of this study indicate that audits of slaughter plants by major meat-buying customers may motivate the meat industry to improve handling and stunning practices. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:848–851)
Sialadenosis in dogs
Authors: Boydell Pip , Pike Rachel , Crossley David , Whitbread Trevor 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical findings, cytologic and histologic characteristics of salivary glands, and response to treatment with phenobarbital in dogs with clinical signs typical of sialadenosis.Design—Prospective study.Animals—13 dogs with enlarged salivary glands.Procedure—Data were collected from dogs with clinical signs attributable to enlarged salivary glands. Salivary gland biopsy and cytologic specimens were examined. Dogs were treated with phenobarbital and monitored for response to treatment.Results—Clinical signs commonly associated with sialadenosis included retching and gulping. Substantial cellular changes were not detected by histologic or cytologic examination of enlarged salivary glands. Response to treatment with phenobarbital was rapid, although most dogs required continuous treatment to prevent recurrence of clinical signs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sialadenosis is a condition of unknown cause that may have been underdiagnosed in dogs. Criteria for diagnosis include typical clinical signs, enlarged salivary glands, and lack of substantial microscopic lesions. Response to treatment with phenobarbital is rapid. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:872–874)
Effect of a bioflavonoid dietary supplement on acetaminophen-induced oxidative injury to feline erythrocytes
Authors: Allison Robin W. , Lassen E. Duane , Burkhard Mary Jo , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of a commercial bioflavonoid antioxidant on acetaminophen-induced oxidative injury to feline erythrocytes.Design—Randomized controlled study.Animals—45 healthy age-matched cats.Procedure—Cats were assigned to 3 experimental groups. Groups 1 and 3 received a bioflavonoid antioxidant (10 mg/d) orally for 2 weeks. Groups 2 and 3 received an oxidative challenge with acetaminophen (90 mg/kg [41 mg/lb] of body weight, PO) on day 7. Packed cell volume, percentage of erythrocytes with Heinz bodies, blood methemoglobin concentration, and blood reduced and oxidized glutathione concentrations were determined at various times during the 2-week study period.Results—Adverse effects were not associated with bioflavonoid antioxidant administration alone. Acetaminophen administration resulted in a significant increase in methemoglobin concentration in groups 2 and 3; differences were not detected between these groups. Heinz body concentrations in groups 2 and 3 increased after acetaminophen administration; however, the increase in cats that received the antioxidant was significantly less than in group-2 cats. Total blood glutathione concentrations did not change significantly in groups 2 and 3 after acetaminophen administration; however, ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione concentration increased significantly after administration in group-2 cats, compared with group-3 cats.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Oral administration of bioflavonoid antioxidants to cats at risk for oxidative stress may have a beneficial effect on their ability to resist oxidative injury to erythrocytes. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1157–1161)
Results of ambulatory electrocardiography in overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with echocardiographic abnormalities
Authors: Calvert Clay A. , Jacobs Gilbert , Pickus Cynthia W. , Smith David D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify, by means of 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography, electrocardiographic abnormalities in overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers in which results of echocardiography were abnormal.Design—Clinical case series.Animals—56 (35 male, 21 female) overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with echocardiographic evidence of cardiomyopathy on initial examination that subsequently died of cardiomyopathy.Procedure—Twenty-four-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) recordings obtained at the time of initial examination were reviewed. For all dogs, scan quality was > 90%.Results—Initial Holter recordings of all 56 dogs contained ventricular premature contractions (VPC). Thirty-six (65%) dogs had > 1,000 VPC/24 h, 17 (31%) had > 5,000 VPC/24 h, and 11 (19%) had > 10,000 VPC/24 h. Fifty-four (96%) dogs had couplets of VPC, 37 (66%) had triplets of VPC, and 36 (64%) had episodes of nonsustained (< 30 seconds) ventricular tachycardia. Number of VPC/24 h during the initial Holter recordings was positively correlated with numbers of couplets and triplets of VPC and number of ventricular escape beats and negatively correlated with left ventricular fractional shortening. Twentyeight dogs died suddenly prior to the putative onset of congestive heart failure.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that along with echocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography can be used to help identify overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with cardiomyopathy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217: 1328–1332)
Spatial associations among density of cattle, abundance of wild canids, and seroprevalence to Neospora caninum in a population of beef calves
Authors: Barling Kerry S. , Sherman Michael , Peterson Markus J. , Thompson James A. , McNeill John W. , Craig Thomas M. , Adams L. Garry 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the epidemiologic plausibility of a sylvatic transmission cycle forNeospora caninumbetween wild canids and beef cattle.Design—Spatial analysis study.Animals—1,009 weaned beef steers from 94 beef herds in Texas.Procedure—Calves were grouped on the basis of seroprevalence forN caninumand ecologic region in Texas. The Morans I test was used to evaluate spatial interdependence for adjusted seroprevalence by ecologic region. Cattle density (Number of cattle/259 km2 [Number of cattle/100 mile2] of each ecologic region) and abundance indices for gray foxes and coyotes (Number of animals/161 spotlight-transect [census] km [Number of animals/100 census miles] of each ecologic region) were used as covariates in spatial regression models, with adjusted seroprevalence as the outcome variable. A geographic information system (GIS) that used similar covariate information for each county was used to validate spatial regression models.Results—Spatial interdependence was not detected for ecologic regions. Three spatial regression models were tested. Each model contained a variable for cattle density for the ecologic regions. Results for the 3 models revealed that seroprevalence was associated with cattle density and abundances of gray foxes, coyotes, or both. Abundances of gray foxes and coyotes were collinear. Results of a GIS-generated model validated these spatial models.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In Texas, beef cattle are at increased risk of exposure toN caninumas a result of the abundance of wild canids and the density of beef cattle. It is plausible that a sylvatic transmission cycle for neosporosis exists. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1361–1365)
Pulmonary function, ventilator management, and outcome of dogs with thoracic trauma and pulmonary contusions: 10 cases (1994–1998)
Authors: Campbell Vicki L. , King Lesley G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To document pulmonary function, ventilator management, and outcome of dogs with thoracic trauma that required mechanical ventilation because of severe pulmonary contusions.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—10 dogs that required mechanical ventilation because of severe pulmonary contusions caused by blunt thoracic trauma.Procedure—Signalment, historical data, arterial blood gas values, oxygen tension-based indices, ventilator settings, peak inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, tidal volume, and minute ventilation values were retrieved from medical records.Results—All 10 dogs required positive-pressure ventilation because of dyspnea following trauma and had severely abnormal pulmonary function. Survival rate to discharge was 30%. Dogs were categorized into 2 groups; group A included 5 dogs in which pulmonary function improved during ventilation, whereas group B included 5 dogs that were euthanatized because of progressive lung dysfunction (n = 4) or cardiac arrest (1). Mean ± SD body weight of group- A dogs (30.9 ± 15.9 kg [68 ± 35 lb]) was significantly greater than that of group-B dogs (7.6 ± 1.8 kg [16.7 ± 4 lb]). Dogs with improved lung function had peak inspiratory pressure that decreased progressively, whereas lung compliance deteriorated in dogs in group B.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dyspneic dogs with severe pulmonary contusions may require and benefit from positive-pressure ventilation Prognosis is better for dogs that weigh > 25 kg (55 lb). (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1505–1509)
Evaluation of efficacy of selamectin and fipronil against Ctenocephalides felis in cats
Authors: Ritzhaupt Larry K. , Rowan Tim G. , Jones Robert L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate efficacy of monthly administration of selamectin and fipronil againstCtenocephalides felisin cats.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—36 healthy cats.Procedure—Cats known to be free of fleas were infested with 100 unfed adult fleas on days –28 and –21. On days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120, sixteen cats (8 pairs/treatment group) were treated by topical administration of selamectin (6 mg/kg [2.7 mg/lb] of body weight) or fipronil (7.5 mg/kg [3.4 mg/lb]). Four control cats (2 pairs) were not treated. On day –6 and every 2 weeks after initial treatment, comb counts were performed to detect fleas. Flea counts were recorded, and fleas (≤ 50) that had been removed were replaced onto the cat. On day 89, fleas were not replaced. On day 91 and every 7 days until the end of the study (day 150), cats were challenged with 20 adult fleas. Flea counts were compared between and within treatments.Results—14 days after treatment, geometric mean flea counts were reduced by 71.2% by fipronil treatment and 35.3% by selamectin treatment. Both treatments resulted in 97 to 98% reduction in flea counts on day 29 and 99.8 to 100% reduction from day 44 to the end of the study.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Selamectin is as effective as fipronil in treating infestation in cats housed for 3 months in a flea-infested environment under conditions known to support the flea life cycle and in protecting against subsequent weekly challenges withC felisfor an additional 2 months. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1666–1668)
Evaluation of efficacy of selamectin, fipronil, and imidacloprid against Ctenocephalides felis in dogs
Authors: Ritzhaupt Larry K. , Rowan Tim G. , Jones Robert L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate efficacy of monthly administration of selamectin, fipronil, and imidacloprid againstCtenocephalides felisin dogs.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—44 healthy dogs.Procedure—Dogs known to be free of fleas were infested with 100 unfed adult fleas on days –28 and –21. On days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120, dogs (12/group) were treated by topical administration of selamectin (6 mg/kg [2.7 mg/lb] of body weight), fipronil (7.5 mg/kg [3.4 mg/lb]), or imidacloprid (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb]); 8 untreated dogs were used as controls. On day –6 and every 2 weeks after initial treatment, comb counts of viable adult fleas were made, and fleas (≤ 50/dog) were replaced onto the dog from which they were removed. On day 89, fleas were not replaced. On day 91 and every 7 days until the end of the study, dogs were challenged with 20 adult fleas.Results—14 days after initial treatment, geometric mean flea counts were reduced by 97.5 to 99.1% for all treatments, compared with pretreatment counts on day –6. Selamectin, fipronil, and imidacloprid reduced geometric mean flea counts by 99.7 to 100% from day 29 to the end of the study.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Selamectin is as effective as fipronil and imidacloprid in reducingC felisinfestation in dogs housed for 3 months in a flea-infested environment under conditions known to support the flea life cycle, and in protecting against subsequent weekly challenges withC felisfor an additional 2 months. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217: 1669–1671)
Evaluation of the effect of limited food consumption on radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in dogs
Authors: Kealy Richard D. , Lawler Dennis F. , Ballam Joan M. , Lust George , Biery Daryl N. , Smith Gail K. , Mantz Sandra L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in 4 diarthrodial joints of dogs with restricted feed intake, compared with dogs without restricted feed intake.Design—Paired feeding study.Animals—48 Labrador Retrievers.Procedure—Dogs in litters from 7 dams and 2 sires were paired by sex and weight within litters and randomly assigned to a control-fed group or a limit-fed group that received 25% less food than the controlfed group. Radiographic evaluation of prevalence and severity of osteoarthritis in the hip, shoulder, elbow, and stifle joints was performed when dogs were 8 years of age.Results—Radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis that affected multiple joints was significantly more common in the control-fed group than in the limit-fed group. Prevalence of lesions in the hip joint was 15/22 in the control-fed group and 3/21 in the limit-fed group. Prevalence of lesions in the shoulder joint was 19/22 in the control-fed group and 12/21 in the limitfed group; lesions in this joint were generally mild. Severity, but not prevalence, of osteoarthritis in the elbow joint was greater in the control-fed group than in the limit-fed group.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prevalence and severity of osteoarthritis in several joints was less in dogs with long-term reduced food intake, compared with control dogs. Food intake is an environmental factor that may have a profound effect on development of osteoarthritis in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1678–1680)