bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of goniometric joint measurements in cats
Authors: Jaeger Gayle H. , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , DePuy Venita , Lascelles B. Duncan X. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To compare and validate goniometric joint measurements obtained from nonsedated and sedated cats with measurements from radiographic evaluation.
Animals—20 adult cats with no evidence of joint disease.
Procedures—Measurements of flexion and extension of the carpus, elbow, shoulder, tarsus, stifle, and hip joints and of carpal and tarsal joints during varus and valgus angulation were made by a single investigator before and after sedation of cats. Measurements were made by use of a goniometer with a masked dial. Joint angle measurements were compared between nonsedated and sedated cats and also with measurements from radiographs made while cats were sedated. Each series of measurements was repeated 4 times. To evaluate repeatability, Cronbach α values were calculated for repeated measure results of goniometric joint measurements of nonsedated and sedated cats. An intraclass correlation was calculated to determine reliability among the 3 measurement types (ie, measurements from nonsedated and sedated cats and on radiographic evaluation).
Results—Joint measurements did not differ significantly by measurement type, when comparing radiographic measurements with goniometric measurements in sedated and nonsedated cats. Cronbach α values were > 0.99 for goniometric joint measurements within individual nonsedated and sedated cats and also for comparison of mean meaurements obtained from sedated cats versus nonsedated cats versus radiographs. An intraclass correlation of 0.999 revealed high reliability among measurement types.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that goniometric joint measurements in nonsedated and sedated cats are repeatable and valid.
Effects of Rho-kinase and Src protein tyrosine kinase inhibition on agonist-induced vasoconstriction of arteries and veins of the equine laminar dermis
Authors: Robertson Tom P. , Moore James N. , Noschka Erik , Lewis Tristan H. , Lewis Stephen J. , Peroni John F. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of inhibition of Rho-kinase or Src-family protein tyrosine kinases (srcPTK) on agonist-induced contractile responses in equine laminar arteries and veins.
Sample Population—Laminar arteries and veins obtained from 13 adult mixed-breed horses.
Procedures—Laminar vessels were mounted on myographs and exposed to phenylephrine (PE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) with or without the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (10μM), srcPTK inhibitor PP2 (10μM), or a negative control analogue for PP2 (PP3; 10μM).
Results—Responses to PE were reduced by use of Y-27632 in laminar vessels (approx inhibition, 55%). However, Y-27632 reduced responses to 5-HT to a greater degree in veins than in arteries (approx inhibition of 55% and 35%, respectively). The Y-27632 also reduced responses of laminar veins to ET-1 by approximately 40% but had no effect on maximum responses of laminar arteries to ET-1, although a rightward shift in the concentration response curve was evident. Addition of PP2 reduced responses to PE, 5-HT, and PGF2α in laminar veins by approximately 40%, 60%, and 65%, respectively, compared with responses after the addition of PP3; PP2 had no effect on responses to ET-1. In laminar arteries, PP2 reduced 5-HT–induced contractions by approximately 50% but did not affect responses to PE or ET-1.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the study were consistent with activation of Rho-kinase being important during agonist-induced constriction in laminar vessels, activation of srcPTK being an agonist-dependent event, and more prominent roles for Rhokinase and srcPTK in veins than in arteries.
Quantification of mitral valve regurgitation in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease by use of the proximal isovelocity surface area method
Authors: Gouni Vassiliki , Serres François J. , Pouchelon Jean-Louis , Tissier Renaud , Lefebvre Hervé P. , Nicolle Audrey P. , Sampedrano Carolina Carlos , Chetboul Valérie 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the within-day and between-day variability of regurgitant fraction (RF) assessed by use of the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method in awake dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (MVD), measure RF in dogs with MVD, and assess the correlation between RF and several clinical and Doppler echocardiographic variables.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—6 MVD-affected dogs with no clinical signs and 67 dogs with MVD of differing severity (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council [ISACHC] classification).
Procedures—The 6 dogs were used to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of the PISA method, and RF was then assessed in 67 dogs of various ISACHC classes. Mitral valve regurgitation was also assessed from the maximum area of regurgitant jet signal-to-left atrium area (ARJ/LAA) ratio determined via color Doppler echocardiographic mapping.
Results—Within- and between-day coefficients of variation of RF were 8% and 11%, respectively. Regurgitation fraction was significantly correlated with ISACHC classification and heart murmur grade and was higher in ISACHC class III dogs (mean ± SD, 72.8 ± 9.5%) than class II (57.9 ± 20.1%) or I (40.7 ± 19.2%) dogs. Regurgitation fraction and left atriumto-aorta ratio, fractional shortening, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, and ARJ/LAA ratio were significantly correlated.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that RF is a repeatable and reproducible variable for noninvasive quantitative evaluation of mitral valve regurgitation in awake dogs. Regurgitation fraction also correlated well with disease severity. It appears that this Doppler echocardiographic index may be useful in longitudinal studies of MVD in dogs.
Clinical features and heritability of hypoadrenocorticism in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers: 25 cases (1994–2006)
Authors: Hughes Angela M. , Nelson Richard W. , Famula Thomas R. , Bannasch Danika L. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the clinical features and heritability of naturally occurring hypoadrenocorticism in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers (NSDTRs).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—25 NSDTRs with hypoadrenocorticism.
Procedures—Questionnaires completed by owners of NSDTRs with hypoadrenocorticism and medical records from veterinarians were reviewed for information regarding diagnosis, age at diagnosis, concurrent diseases, age at death, and cause of death. Pedigrees were analyzed for heritability and mode of inheritance of hypoadrenocorticism (including complex segregation analysis of pedigrees of 1,515 dogs).
Results—On the basis of results of ACTH stimulation testing, hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed in 16 female and 9 male NSDTRs (including 6 full siblings). Median age at diagnosis was 2.6 years; the diagnosis was made prior to 2 years of age in 11 dogs. Seventeen dogs had hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, or both, and serum electrolyte concentrations were within reference ranges for 8 dogs at the time of diagnosis. Median survival time after diagnosis for 4 dogs that died or were euthanized as a result of medical causes was 1.6 years. Heritability was calculated at 0.98 with no sex effect, and complex segregation analysis fit a major gene model with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In NSDTRs, hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed at an earlier age, compared with published reports of age at diagnosis among the general dog population. Among the study dogs, 32% had no serum electrolyte abnormalities at the time of diagnosis, and the disease appeared to have an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in the breed.
Accuracy of sow culling classifications reported by lay personnel on commercial swine farms
Authors: Knauer Mark , Karriker Locke A. , Baas Thomas J. , Johnson Colin , Stalder Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the accuracy of sow culling classifications reported by lay personnel on commercial swine farms.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—A convenience sample of 923 sows from 8 conventional, farrow-to-wean farms that followed standard operating procedures.
Procedures—Sows were examined at slaughter, and lesions were recorded. Individual production records were reviewed to determine the farm-reported reason for culling the sows, and criteria were developed to assess the accuracy of recorded culling classifications.
Results—For 209 of the 923 (23%) sows, the farm-reported culling classification was judged to be inaccurate. The culling code was considered to be inaccurate for 62 of 322 (19%) sows reportedly culled because of old age, 48 of 172 (28%) sows reportedly culled because of failure to conceive, 31 of 90 (34%) sows reportedly culled because of poor body condition, and 23 of 73 (32%) sows reportedly culled because of poor farrowing productivity.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that for commercial swine farms, farm-reported culling code classifications were frequently inaccurate. This degree of inaccuracy may cause severe limitations for studies that rely on farm-reported assessments of clinical conditions.
Proteins separation and purification by salt gradient ion‐exchange SMB
Authors: Li Ping , Xiu Guohua , Rodrigues Alirio E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe process performance of the separation and purification of proteins by ion‐exchange simulated moving bed (IE‐SMB) can be improved when a step‐wise salt concentration is formed in the SMB unit, called salt gradient IE‐SMB. In this paper, a gradient SMB model is used to analyze the performance of the salt gradient IE‐SMB process, based on literature data for linear adsorption of proteins. Some strategies are discussed for the selection of salt gradient in IE‐SMB chromatography for proteins effective separation. Three configurations of the gradient SMB process, open loop, closed loop, and closed loop with a holding vessel are compared. When running a gradient SMB with closed loop configuration, a holding vessel with a given volume is added to the system to mix online the desorbent with the recycled stream from section IV during the switching interval, in order to reduce the fluctuation of salt or solvent strength in the columns. Moreover, we also present a comparison of two strategies of modeling, the gradient SMB model and the equivalent gradient TMB model, for the prediction of internal concentration profiles in gradient SMB chromatography with open loop and closed loop, respectively. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Flowsheet optimization with complex cost and size functions using process simulators
Authors: Caballero José A. , Odjo Andrew , Grossmann Ignacio E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this article we address the design and optimization of chemical processes using Chemical Modular Process Simulators—that include state of the art models—including discontinuous cost and sizing equations. Equations are divided into “implicit” ones which include all the equations in the process simulators with an input–output black box structure, and other third party equations (i.e. sizing and costing correlations for any database) and “explicit” constraints in the form of equalities or inequalities like in any regular equation based optimization environment. Using this modular framework, the problem is formulated as a generalized disjunctive programming problem and reformulated and solved as a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming problem. Different algorithms (branch and bound, outer approximation, and LP/NLP based branch and bound) have been adapted to deal with implicit equations and their capabilities have been studied. Several examples are presented in order to illustrate the performance of the algorithms. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Autosomal linkage analysis of a Japanese single multiplex schizophrenia pedigree reveals two candidate loci on chromosomes 4q and 3q
Authors: Kaneko Naoshi , Muratake Tatsuyuki , Kuwabara Hideki , Kurosaki Takanori , Takei Mitsuru , Ohtsuki Tsuyuka , Arinami Tadao , Tsuji Shoji , Someya Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe analyzed a large multiplex schizophrenia pedigree collected in mid‐eastern Japan using 322 microsatellite markers distributed throughout the whole autosome. Under an autosomal‐dominant inheritance model, the highest pairwise LOD score (LOD = 1.69) was found at 4q (D4S2431: theta = 0.0), and LOD scores at two other loci 3q (ATA34G06) and 8q (D8S1128) were 1.62 and 1.46, respectively. In multipoint analysis, LOD scores of the regions on 4q and 3q remained at a similar level; however, the LOD score of the region on 8q apparently decreased. Additional dense map analysis revealed haplotypes on 4q and 3q regions shared by affected individuals. On chromosome 4q, the haplotype spanning about 8 centiMorgans (cM) was shared by four of six genotyped individuals with schizophrenia and one affected individual whose haplotype was estimated. On 3q, the haplotype spanning about 20 cM was shared by five genotyped individuals with schizophrenia. We obtained two candidate regions of major susceptibility loci for schizophrenia on chromosomes 3q and 4q. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression and hepatitis C virus–related chronic hepatitis
Authors: Persico Marcello , Capasso Mario , Persico Eliana , Svelto Monica , Russo Roberta , Spano Daniela , Crocè Lori , La Mura Vincenzo , Moschella Francesco , Masutti Flora , Torella Roberto , Tiribelli Claudio , Iolascon Achille 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

The response to antiviral therapy is lower in hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with genotype 1 than in those with genotype 2. Overexpression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene in liver tissue is associated with a poorer treatment outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C viral genotype 1. Also, insulin resistance has been implicated in nonresponse to an anti-HCV treatment. To understand why HCV genotype 1 patients respond differently, we investigated SOCS3 gene expression, metabolic syndrome (MS), and the response to therapy in a cohort of patients with HCV-related hepatitis. A total of 198 patients (108 with genotype 1 and 90 with genotype 2) treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin were consecutively enrolled in the study. We measured SOCS3 expression in Epstein-Barr virus–transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from peripheral lymphocytes of a subset of 130 patients. MS was more frequent in genotype 1 patients than in genotype 2 patients (

P

< 0.01). Nonresponders (

P

< 0.01), MS (

P

< 0.001), and genotype 1 (

P

< 0.001) were significantly related to SOCS3 overexpression. However, SOCS3 levels were higher in nonresponders also, regardless of the genotype (

P

< 0.01). In a univariate analysis, the genotype (

P

< 0.001), age (

P

< 0.001), SOCS3 (

P

< 0.001), and MS (

P

< 0.001) were significantly related to the response to therapy. However, in a multivariate analysis, SOCS3 was the only independent predictor of the response (odds ratio = 6.7;

P

< 0.005).

Conclusion:

We speculate that SOCS3 expression per se may influence the response to antiviral therapy and that the genotype 1b virus might induce its up-regulation. This may account for the different responses to therapy between genotype 1–infected and genotype 2–infected patients. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Electrical stimulation enhances viability of human cutaneous fibroblasts on conductive biodegradable substrates
Authors: Shi Guixin , Rouabhia Mahmoud , Meng Shiyun , Zhang Ze 
Published: August 2007

AbstractElectrically conductive biodegradable polymer membranes were prepared by mixing conductive polypyrrole particles with poly(L‐lactic acid) solution followed by solution casting and solvent evaporation. Multi‐well electrical cell culture plates were fabricated to host electrically stimulated cell culture and monitor parameters. Human cutaneous fibroblasts were cultured on conductive membranes with or without electrical stimulation (ES). Cell count, MTT, Hoechst staining, and SEM were performed to characterize the cells. The membranes supported the adhesion and proliferation of the fibroblasts in both the presence and absence of ES. In the presence of direct electrical field strength of 100 mV/mm, cell viability on the PPy/PLLA membranes at 2 and 24 h was 2.2‐ and 4.0‐fold (p < 0.05) respectively of that on the same membranes without ES. Direct electrical current ranging from 2.5 to 250 μA/mm had no effect on the viability of cells cultured on the gold‐coated Petri dish. Electrical field applied to conductive biodegradable polymer surfaces is therefore an effective approach to upregulate the mitochondrial activity of human skin fibroblasts. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Hardness and elastic modulus of TiO2 anodic films measured by instrumented indentation
Authors: Soares Paulo , Mikowski Alexandre , Lepienski Carlos M. , Santos Emanuel , Soares Glória A. , Filho Vitoldo Swinka , Kuromoto Neide K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the mechanical properties of the titanium anodic films (TiO2) produced by anodic oxidation under galvanostatic conditions, using a 1.4M phosphoric acid electrolyte, with different current densities (J) on commercially pure titanium (cp‐Ti). The morphology of the oxide films were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas the composition of the film was determined by Raman spectroscopy. Porosity, average roughness (Ra) and thickness of the TiO2 films increased with the applied J. Hardness and elastic modulus were measured by instrumented indentation technique, and the influence of the substrate was corrected using analytical models. The anodic films presented higher hardness and lower elastic modulus values compared with the cp‐Ti. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
The p53 mutation “gradient effect” and its clinical implications
Authors: Zambetti Gerard P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe p53 tumor suppressor‐signaling pathway is inactivated in most human cancers. Depending on how p53 is targeted during tumorigenesis impacts whether partial or full tumor suppressor activity is lost. The degree of remaining p53 activity, if any, intuitively impacts the tumor phenotype. This review focuses on recent findings from human cancer studies and genetically engineered mouse models to highlight a p53 functional “gradient effect” and its clinical implications. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 370–373, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Akt kinase targets association of CBP with SMAD 3 to regulate TGFβ‐induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1
Authors: Das Falguni , Ghosh‐Choudhury Nandini , Venkatesan Balachandar , Li Xiaonan , Mahimainathan Lenin , Choudhury Goutam Ghosh 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) controls expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1), which regulates degradation of extracellular matrix proteins in fibrotic diseases. The TGFβ receptor‐specific Smad 3 has been implicated in the PAI‐1 expression. The mechanism by which non‐Smad signaling contributes to this process is not known. We studied the cross‐talk between Smad 3 and PI 3 kinase/Akt signaling in TGFβ‐induced PAI‐1 expression in renal mesangial cells. Inhibition of PI 3 kinase and Akt kinase blocked TGFβ‐ and Smad 3‐mediated expression of PAI‐1. In contrast, constitutively active PI 3 kinase and Akt kinase increased PAI‐1 expression, similar to TGFβ. Inhibition of PI 3 kinase and Akt kinase had no effect on TGFβ‐induced Smad 3 phosphorylation and its translocation to the nucleus. Notably, inhibition of PI 3 kinase‐dependent Akt kinase abrogated TGFβ‐induced PAI‐1 transcription, without affecting binding of Smad 3 to the PAI‐1 Smad binding DNA element. However, PI 3 kinase inhibition and dominant negative Akt kinase antagonized the association of the transcriptional coactivator CBP with Smad 3 in response to TGFβ, resulting in inhibition of Smad 3 acetylation. Together our findings identify TGFβ‐induced PI 3 kinase/Akt signaling as a critical regulator of Smad 3‐CBP interaction and Smad 3 acetylation, which cause increased PAI‐1 expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 214: 513–527, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative spermatology of selected polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
Authors: Liana Marcin K. , Litvaitis Marian K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSperm ultrastructure of four acotylean (Idioplana atlantica, Armatoplana leptalea, Styloplanocera fasciata, Melloplana ferruginea) and three cotylean polyclads (Pseudoceros bicolor, Phrikoceros mopsus, Enchiridium evelinae) was investigated. All spermatozoa are biflagellate, exhibiting a 9+“1” axoneme pattern. All acotylean axonemes originate and extend within the sperm shaft, and once exiting the shaft, remain attached to it. The flagella of all cotylean spermatozoa exit the shaft immediately and remain free. Structures shared by all species include: an elongated nucleus, in acotyleans located only in the posterior part of the shaft, whereas in cotyleans it extends along the entire sperm body; mitochondria along with small and large dense bodies arranged in a specific pattern; and a ring of microtubules that extends along the entire sperm shaft just beneath the cell membrane. A unique spermatozoon has been found in E. evelinae, where round vesicle‐like structures fill the anterior part of the nucleus, and a different type of large dense bodies is present. The spermatozoa of all studied species exhibit numerous characters (axoneme/flagella position, distribution and position of large and small dense bodies, of mitochondria, presence of nuclear vesicles) that may be of phylogenetic value at the family and higher taxonomic levels. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical localization of adrenergic receptors in the rat organ of corti and spiral ganglion
Authors: Khan Khalid M. , Drescher Marian J. , Hatfield James S. , Ramakrishnan Neeliyath A. , Drescher Dennis G. 
Published: August 2007

Abstractα1‐, β1‐, and β2‐adrenergic receptors (ARs), which mediate responses to adrenergic input, have been immunohistochemically identified within the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion with polyclonal antibodies of established specificity. α1‐AR was immunolocalized to sites overlapping supranuclear regions of inner hair cells as well as to nerve fibers approaching the base of inner hair cells, most evident in the basal cochlear turn. A similar preponderance across cochlear turns for α1‐AR in afferent cell bodies in the spiral ganglion pointed to type I afferent dendrites as a possible neural source of α1‐AR beneath the inner hair cell. Foci of immunoreactivity for α1‐AR, putatively neural, were found overlapping supranuclear and basal sites of outer hair cells for all turns. β1‐ and β2‐ARs were immunolocalized to sites overlapping apical and basal poles of the inner and outer hair cells, putatively neural in part, with immunoreactive nerve fibers observed passing through the habenula perforata. β1‐ and β2‐ARs were also detected in the cell bodies of Deiters' and Hensen's cells. Within the spiral ganglion, β1‐ and β2‐ARs were immunolocalized to afferent cell bodies, with highest expression in the basal cochlear turn, constituting one possible neural source of receptors within the organ of Corti, specifically on type I afferent dendrites. β1‐ and β2‐ARs in Hensen's and Deiters' cells would couple to Gαs, known to be present specifically in the supporting cells. Overall, adrenergic modulation of neural/supporting cell function within the organ of Corti represents a newly considered mechanism for modifying afferent signaling. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.