bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bitterling fish optimization (BFO) algorithm
Authors: Zareian Lida , Rahebi Javad , Shayegan Mohammad Javad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe bitterling fish is a prime example of intelligent behavior in nature for survival. The bitterling fish uses the oyster spawning strategy as their babysitter. The female bitterling fish looks for a male fish stronger than other fish to find the right pair. In order to solve optimization issues, the Bitterling Fish Optimization (BFO) algorithm is modeled in this manuscript based on the mating behavior of these fish. The bitterling fish optimization algorithm is more accurate than the gray wolf optimization algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, butterfly optimization algorithm, Harris Hawks optimization algorithm, and black widow optimization algorithm, according to experiments and implementations on various benchmark functions. Data mining and machine learning are two areas where meta-heuristic techniques are frequently used. In trials, the MLP artificial neural network and a binary version of the BFO algorithm are used to lower the detection error for intrusion traffic. The proposed method's accuracy, precision, and sensitivity index for detecting network intrusion are 99.14%, 98.87%, and 98.85%, respectively, according to experiments on the NSL KDD data set. Compared to machine learning approaches like NNIA, DT, RF, XGBoot, and CNN, the proposed method is more accurate at detecting intrusion. The BFO algorithm is used for feature selection in the UNSW-NB15 dataset, and the tests showed that the accuracy of the proposed method is 96.72% in this dataset. The proposed method of the BFO algorithm is also used to improve Kmeans clustering, and the tests performed on the dataset of covid 19, diabetes, and kidney disease show that the proposed method performs better than iECA*, ECA*, GENCLUST +  + (G + +) methods. Deep has KNN, LVQ, SVM, ANN, and KNN.
Deep-learning-based head pose estimation from a single RGB image and its application to medical CROM measurement
Authors: Ritthipravat Panrasee , Chotikkakamthorn Kittisak , Lie Wen-Nung , Kusakunniran Worapan , Tuakta Pimchanok , Benjapornlert Paitoon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor human beings, neck movement will be degraded due to aging, trauma, musculoskeletal disorders, or degenerative diseases. Cervical range of motion (CROM) measurement is one of the popular quantitative neck examinations. Despite radiography is considered as the gold standard, it suffers from invasiveness, radiation exposure, and expensiveness. Recently, vision-based methods have been applied for CROM measurement but achieve large errors and require depth camera. On the other hand, deep neural networks provide good performances on head pose estimation (HPE) from a single image, thus promising for medical CROM measurement. We propose to use CNN networks to extract pyramidal or multi-level image features, which are passed to cross-level attention modules for feature fusion and then to a modified ASPP module and a multi-bin classification/regression module for spatial-channel attention and Euler angle conversion/prediction, respectively. The proposed technique was evaluated on public datasets, such as 300W_LP, AFLW2000, and BIWI, to verify its superior performances (with mean MAE = 3.50°, 3.40°, and 2.31° for different experimental protocols) than state-of-the-art methods. Our pre-trained model was also evaluated with our own collected dataset from hospital for CROM measurement. It also achieved the lowest MAE of 4.58° among other methods and conformed with a medical standard of 5 degrees except the pitch angle (which has a MAE of 5.70°, larger than the standard and the yaw (MAE = 3.60°) and roll angles (MAE = 4.44°)). In general, HPE technique is feasible for CROM measurement and shows its advantages of speed, non-invasiveness, free of anatomical landmark and low cost of operation.
A nonsmooth dynamics framework for simulating frictionless spatial joints with clearances
Authors: Chaturvedi Ekansh , Sandu Corina , Sandu Adrian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Real-world multibody systems do not have ideal joints; most joints have some clearance. The clearance allows the connected bodies to undergo a misalignment, and the resulting dynamics is governed by the contacts thus formed. Two approaches are typically taken to deal with contacts: the commonly used continuous dynamics approaches assume the Hertzian nature of the contact modeled by nonlinear unilateral spring-damper elements; while the nonsmooth dynamics approach results in a complementarity problem. This paper employs a nonsmooth dynamics approach to develop a coherent framework for the simulation of multibody systems having frictionless joints with clearances. Because clearances are of small magnitude relative to the dimensions of the mechanical components, the nature of the contact in the joints is assumed to be inelastic. Using this assumption and the general nonsmooth dynamics framework, the parametric formulations for cylindrical, prismatic, and revolute joints with clearances are derived. The equations of motion are formulated, and their time-discretized counterparts are cast as a nonlinear programming problem. The proposed scheme also enforces normalization constraint on Euler parameters in contrast to state-of-the-art methods that is conducive to stability of the solution for a suitable range of step sizes. In addition, a variable time-stepping scheme that includes the step size as an extra variable in the optimization is introduced and its stability properties are discussed. The versatility of the proposed framework is demonstrated through numerical experiments.
APRE: Annotation-Aware Prompt-Tuning for Relation Extraction
Authors: Wei Chao , Chen Yanping , Wang Kai , Qin Yongbin , Huang Ruizhang , Zheng Qinghua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrompt-tuning has been successfully applied to support classification tasks in natural language processing and has achieved promising performance. The main characteristic of prompt-tuning based classification is to verbalize class labels and predict masked tokens like a cloze-like task. It has the advantage to make use of knowledge in pre-trained language models (PLMs). Because prompt templates are manually designed, they are more prone to overfitting. Furthermore, traditional prompt templates are appended in the tail of an original sentence. They are far from some semantic units in a sentence. It is weak to decode semantic information of an input relevant to PLMs. To aggregate more semantic information from PLMs for masked token prediction, we propose an annotation-aware prompt-tuning model for relation extraction. In our method, entity type representations are used as entity annotations. They are implanted near the site of entities in a sentence for decoding semantic information of PLMs. It is effective to make full use of knowledge in PLMs for relation extraction. In the experiment section, our method is validated on the Chinese literature text and SemEval 2010 Task datasets and achieves 89.3% and 90.6% in terms of F1-score, respectively. It achieves the state-of-the-art performance on two public datasets. The result further demonstrates the effectiveness of our model to decode semantic information in PLMs.
Growing Up in a Polarized Party System: Ideological Divergence and Partisan Sorting Across Generations
Authors: Jocker Thomas , van der Brug Wouter , Rekker Roderik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAmerican political elites have increasingly polarized over the past decades, which has inspired much research into mass polarization. We study whether there is a generational component to mass polarization by disentangling period, age, and cohort differences while distinguishing two forms of mass polarization: partisan sorting and ideological divergence. Drawing from General Social Survey and American National Election Studies data, we find that partisan sorting has increased across long-standing and emerging issues, while ideological divergence has not. Contrary to expectations, over-time increases in sorting are clearly driven by changes within generations rather than by generational replacement. On several issues, newer generations turn out to be less sorted than those they replace. This tentatively suggests that, partially as a consequence of demographic changes, generational replacement will gradually lead to less polarization in American public opinion as it converges toward more liberal positions.
Scoring the EQ-HWB-S: can we do it without value sets? A non-parametric item response theory analysis
Authors: Feng You-Shan , Kohlmann Thomas , Peasgood Tessa , Engel Lidia , Mulhern Brendan , Pickard A. Simon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Only one pilot value set (UK) is currently available for the EQ Health and Wellbeing Instrument short version (EQ-HWB-S). As an alternative to preference-weighted scoring, we examined whether a level summary score (LSS) is appropriate for the EQ-HWB-S using Mokken scaling analyses.

Methods
Data from patients, carers and the general population collected during the developmental phase of the EQ-HWB-S in Australia, US and UK were used, noting 3 of 9 items have since undergone revision. EQ-HWB-S data fit was examined using R package Mokken scaling’s monotone homogeneity model, utilizing the automated item selection procedure (AISP) as well as Loevinger’s scaling coefficients for items and the scale (HS). Manifest monotonicity was assessed by examining whether the cumulative probability for responses at or above each response level did not decrease across the summary score.

Results
EQ-HWB-S data were available for 3340 respondents: US = 903, Australia = 514 and UK = 1923. Mean age was 50 ± 18 and 1841 (55%) were female. AISP placed all 9 items of the EQ-HWB-S on a single scale when the lower bound was set to < 0.448. Strong scalability (HS = 0.561) was found for the EQ-HWB-S as a single scale. Stronger scales were formed by separating the psychosocial items (n = 6, HS = 0.683) and physical sensation items (n = 3, HS = 0.713). No violations of monotonicity were found except for the items mobility and daily activities for the subgroups with long-term conditions and UK subjects, respectively.

Discussion
As EQ-HWB-S items formed a strong scale and subscales based on Mokken analysis, LSS is a promising weighting-free approach to scoring.
Searching for Strong Gravitational Lenses
Authors: Lemon Cameron , Courbin Frédéric , More Anupreeta , Schechter Paul , Cañameras Raoul , Delchambre Ludovic , Leung Calvin , Shu Yiping , Spiniello Chiara , Hezaveh Yashar , Klüter Jonas , McMahon Richard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStrong gravitational lenses provide unique laboratories for cosmological and astrophysical investigations, but they must first be discovered – a task that can be met with significant contamination by other astrophysical objects and asterisms. Here we review strong lens searches, covering various sources (quasars, galaxies, supernovae, FRBs, GRBs, and GWs), lenses (early- and late-type galaxies, groups, and clusters), datasets (imaging, spectra, and lightcurves), and wavelengths. We first present the physical characteristics of the lens and source populations, highlighting relevant details for constructing targeted searches. Search techniques are described based on the main lensing feature that is required for the technique to work, namely one of: (i) an associated magnification, (ii) multiple spatially-resolved images, (iii) multiple redshifts, or (iv) a non-zero time delay between images. To use the current lens samples for science, and for the design of future searches, we list several selection biases that exist due to these discovery techniques. We conclude by discussing the future of lens searches in upcoming surveys and the new population of lenses that will be discovered.
Pathological calcification in canine tendon-derived cells is modulated by extracellular ATP
Authors: Zamboulis Danae E. , Marr Neil , Moustafa Alaa , Meeson Richard , Orriss Isabel R. , Thorpe Chavaunne T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTendon calcification is a commonly associated with degenerative tendinopathy of the Achilles tendons in dogs. It is characterised by the formation of calcific deposits and is refractory to treatment, often re-forming after surgical removal. Little is known about its pathogenesis and therefore the aims of this study were to develop an in vitro model of canine tendon calcification and use this model to investigate mechanisms driving calcification. Cells from the canine Achilles tendon were cultured with different calcifying media to establish which conditions were best able to induce specific, cell-mediated calcification. Once optimum calcification conditions had been established, the effect of ATP treatment on calcification was assessed. Results revealed that 2 mM di-sodium phosphate combined with 2 mM calcium chloride provided the optimum calcifying conditions, increasing calcium deposition and expression of osteogenic-related genes similar to those observed in tendon calcification in vivo. ATP treatment inhibited calcification in a dose-dependent manner, reducing calcium deposition and increasing cell viability, while osteogenic-related genes were no longer upregulated. In conclusion, the in vitro model of canine tendon calcification developed in this study provides the ability to study mechanisms driving tendon calcification, demonstrating that ATP plays a role in modulating tendon calcification that should be explored further in future studies.
Residual Stress Generation in Additive Manufacturing of Complex Lattice Geometries
Authors: Bruggeman Katie , Klingbeil Nathan , Palazotto Anthony 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResidual stresses developed during additive manufacturing (AM) can influence the mechanical performance of structural components in their intended applications. In this study, thermomechanical residual stress simulations of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process are conducted for both simplified (plate and cube-shaped) geometries as well as five complex lattice geometries fabricated with Inconel 718. These simulations are conducted with the commercial software package Simufact Additive©, which uses a nonlinear finite element analysis and layer-by-layer averaging approach in determining residual stresses. To verify the efficacy of the Simufact Additive© simulations, numerical results for the plate and cube-shape geometries are analyzed for convergence and compared to experimental residual stress results available in the literature. Numerical residual stress results are subsequently compared for five complex lattice geometries. Results suggest that lattice geometry can play a significant role in the distribution and magnitude of residual stresses, which are significant in some applications.
Hepatitis B Virus Elimination Strategies
Authors: Xu Mimi , Terrault Norah A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The World Health Assembly called to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat in 2016 and proposed elimination goals by 2030. This review examined current national and global progress with hepatitis B virus elimination, and the hurdles and solutions being undertaken to achieve elimination goals.

Recent Findings
Few countries are on target to achieve the elimination targets of a 95% reduction in new infections and a 65% reduction in mortality by 2030. Gaps towards elimination remain, such as low infant vaccine coverage in low-income countries and continued under-diagnosis and low rates of treatment globally.

Summary
HBV elimination is feasible but will require continued focus on infant and childhood vaccine coverage, improving blood and injection safety, increasing harm reduction measures among persons who use drugs, and providing broader access to low-cost diagnostics and antiviral treatment.
The moderation effect of economic, social and cultural status on mediating role of adaptability and intercultural sensitivity in the relationship between self-efficacy and attitudes towards immigrants in Türkiye
Authors: Tomul Ekber , Taslidere Erdal , Almış Selman , Açıl Esin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to explore whether and how 15-year-old students’ economic, social and cultural status (ESCS), which is the indicator of the socio-economic status, moderate the mediating role of adaptability and intercultural sensitivity in the link between self-efficacy and attitudes towards immigrants in Türkiye. The study aimed to answer several research questions, including whether the intercultural sensitivity and adaptability mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and attitudes towards immigrants, and whether the students’ level of the ESCS moderates these effects. The study utilized data from PISA conducted in 2018 and involved 6890 participants from 186 schools in Türkiye. Missing values and outliers in the data set were removed, and data of 6569 15-year-old students were analyzed. Before Conditional Process Analysis, regression assumptions were checked and no problems were observed. The Conditional Process Analysis was conducted to determine the direct and indirect effects of students’ self-efficacy on their attitudes towards immigrants through the intercultural sensitivity and adaptability with the condition that no mediator causally influences another. The study found that self-efficacy was a significant predictor of the intercultural sensitivity, adaptability, and attitudes towards immigrants. The results of the mediation analyses showed that both the intercultural sensitivity and adaptability partially mediated the relationship between the self-efficacy and attitudes towards immigrants. Notably, the indirect effect through the intercultural sensitivity was larger than that of through adaptability, indicating that intercultural sensitivity plays a stronger mediating role in this relationship. The conditional effects of the self-efficacy on intercultural sensitivity, adaptability and attitudes towards immigrants varied depending on the level of the ESCS. The conditional direct effect of the self-efficacy on attitudes towards immigrants was significant for all levels of the ESCS, with the effect being strongest for individuals with relatively low ESCS and weakest for individuals with relatively high ESCS. The results also showed that students’ ESCS moderated the indirect effect of the self-efficacy on attitudes towards immigrants through the intercultural sensitivity and adaptability. This means that the relationship between self-efficacy and attitudes towards immigrants was not only mediated by intercultural sensitivity and adaptability, but also influenced by the level of the ESCS. Therefore, findings of the study suggest that the relationship between self-efficacy, the ESCS, intercultural sensitivity, adaptability, and attitudes towards immigrants is complex and multifaceted, and that it may depend on various contextual and individual factors.
Status cues and moral judgment: Formal attire induces moral favoritism but not for hypocrites
Authors: Dong Mengchen , van Prooijen Jan-Willem , van Lange Paul A. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStatus-related impressions influence important interpersonal dynamics, including moral judgments of good or bad, and right or wrong, whereas these impressions can be formed based on subtle cues (e.g., formal versus casual attire of transgressors). The current research examined how attire influences moral judgments in transgressive contexts and for different transgressions. We proposed that attire would have different effects on moral judgments depending on whether transgressions were accompanied with contradictory moral claims (i.e., hypocrisy versus non-hypocrisy), and attire and hypocrisy would influence moral judgments through perceived intentionality (i.e., whether transgressions were committed intentionally or accidentally). We tested these hypotheses in four studies (total N = 1,007; including two pre-registered), by examining both people’s moral blame of transgressive behaviors and their moral impressions (e.g., trustworthiness and compassion) of the transgressors. Findings were largely in line with hypotheses: People favored formal- over casual-attire targets when both transgressed in non-hypocritical contexts and with ambiguous intentionality (Studies 1 to 3). However, moral favoritism based on formal attire was diminished when transgressions were hypocritical and perceived as intentional (Studies 2 to 4). For various contexts where people (need to) make moral judgments, our findings suggest that cues of high status are key ingredients to moral evaluations, but signs of hypocrisy and intentionality may seriously undermine the workings of these cues.
From Geoheritage to Geosites at the Oeste Aspiring Geopark (Portugal)
Authors: Pimentel Nuno , Pereira Bruno , Silva Miguel Reis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGeoheritage and geosites have been assessed as part of the work supporting the application of the Oeste Aspiring Geopark, in West Central Portugal, for an UNESCO Global Geopark. The geological framework is presented, describing the regional evolution of the Lusitanian Basin, related to the Mesozoic opening of the North Atlantic, since the Late Triassic until the Late Cretaceous, followed by the Cenozoic inversion of the basin, related to the Alpine orogeny. The overall geodiversity of the territory is described, and the main geological highlights are presented.Within the scope and objectives of a Geopark, the criteria for the definition of geosites are presented and discussed. Geoconservation, geoeducation and geotourism have been considered to define 80 geosites, with different characteristics, purposes, relevance and potential. Six different encompassing themes have been defined, each one with a specific storytelling. Geoconservation issues are also addressed, showing the importance of protection strategies for the geosites at a local scale.
Lygus Hahn in Turkey with a new subspecies of Lygus wagneri Remane (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Yazıcı Gülten , Bal Neslihan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe paper presents all species of Lygus Hahn in Turkey. In this study, a total of 228 Lygus samples collected from Çankırı between 2013–2014 are evaluated. As a result, a total of six species of Lygus are determined from Turkey. In addition, Lygus wagneri ozdikmeni ssp. n., a new subspecies of Lygus wagneri from Çankırı province of Turkey is described. Habitus of holotype (male) and its genitalia are photographed. The newly described subspecies differs significantly from the nominative subspecies of Lygus wagneri and the other closely related Lygus species in terms of genital morphology and external morphology. The distribution data in Turkey and the world of all Lygus species are also given in the text. Accordingly, an identification key for all Lygus species in Turkey is provided.
Uphill battle: Innovation of thiopurine therapy in global inflammatory bowel disease care
Authors: Bayoumy Ahmed B. , Mulder Chris J. J. , Ansari Azhar R. , Barclay Murray L. , Florin Tim , Kiszka-Kanowitz Marianne , Derijks Luc , Sharma Vishal , de Boer Nanne K. H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that encompasses two major conditions: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Historically, IBD has been primarily reported in western countries, but over the past decades, its prevalence is rapidly increasing, especially in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India and China and also in Sub-Saharan Africa. The prevalence of IBD in LMICs has been the subject of growing concern due to the impact of access to public healthcare and the burden it places on healthcare resources. The classical thiopurines face significant challenges due to cessation of therapy in approximately half of patients within one year due to side effects or ineffectiveness. In this article, we highlight innovating thiopurine treatment for IBD patients in downregulating side effects and improving efficacy.