bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the effects of air pollution on health using Bayesian dynamic generalised linear models
Authors: Lee Duncan , Shaddick Gavin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe relationship between short‐term exposure to air pollution and mortality or morbidity has been the subject of much recent research, in which the standard method of analysis uses Poisson linear or additive models. In this paper, we use a Bayesian dynamic generalised linear model (DGLM) to estimate this relationship, which allows the standard linear or additive model to be extended in two ways: (i) the long‐term trend and temporal correlation present in the health data can be modelled by an autoregressive process rather than a smooth function of calendar time; (ii) the effects of air pollution are allowed to evolve over time. The efficacy of these two extensions are investigated by applying a series of dynamic and non‐dynamic models to air pollution and mortality data from Greater London. A Bayesian approach is taken throughout, and a Markov chain monte carlo simulation algorithm is presented for inference. An alternative likelihood based analysis is also presented, in order to allow a direct comparison with the only previous analysis of air pollution and health data using a DGLM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A semi‐structured interview to assess visual hallucinations in older people
Authors: Mosimann Urs Peter , Collerton Daniel , Dudley Robert , Meyer Thomas Daniel , Graham Gemma , Dean Jennifer Louise , Bearn Daniel , Killen Alison , Dickinson Lucy , Clarke Mike Patrick , McKeith Ian Grant 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectiveVisual hallucinations are under‐reported by patients and are often undiscovered by health professionals. There is no gold standard available to assess hallucinations. Our objective was to develop a reliable, valid, semi‐structured interview for identifying and assessing visual hallucinations in older people with eye disease and cognitive impairment.MethodsWe piloted the North‐East Visual Hallucinations Interview (NEVHI) in 80 older people with visual and/or cognitive impairment (patient group) and 34 older people without known risks of hallucinations (control group). The informants of 11 patients were interviewed separately. We established face validity, content validity, criterion validity, inter‐rater agreement and the internal consistency of the NEVHI, and assessed the factor structure for questions evaluating emotions, cognitions, and behaviours associated with hallucinations.ResultsRecurrent visual hallucinations were common in the patient group (68.8%) and absent in controls (0%). The criterion, face and content validities were good and the internal consistency of screening questions for hallucinations was high (Cronbach alpha: 0.71). The inter‐rater agreements for simple and complex hallucinations were good (Kappa 0.72 and 0.83, respectively). Four factors associated with experiencing hallucinations (perceived control, pleasantness, distress and awareness) were identified and explained a total variance of 73%. Informants gave more ‘don't know answers’ than patients throughout the interview (p = 0.008), especially to questions evaluating cognitions and emotions associated with hallucinations (p = 0.02).ConclusionsNEVHI is a comprehensive assessment tool, helpful to identify the presence of visual hallucinations and to quantify cognitions, emotions and behaviours associated with hallucinations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pure antiestrogen‐induced G1‐arrest in myeloma cells results from the reduced kinase activity of cyclin D3/CDK6 complexes whereas apoptosis is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum‐dependent caspases
Authors: Gauduchon Juliette , Seguin Amélie , Marsaud Véronique , Clay Denis , Renoir Jack‐Michel , Sola Brigitte 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by the accumulation of tumoral plasma cells in bone marrow. This disease remains incurable and the development of new therapeutic strategies is urgently required. We have studied the effects of 2 selective estrogen receptor disrupters (SERDs), RU 58668 (RU) and ICI 182,780 (ICI) or pure antiestrogens (AEs) on MM cell lines. Both compounds have antimyeloma activity through either cell cycle arrest or induction of apoptosis. To analyze the molecular mechanisms of SERD action, we choose 2 differently responding cell lines as models. In LP‐1 cells, RU blocked cell cycle at the G1 phase. RU treatment induced a rapid decrease of c‐Myc, an upregulation of p27Kip1, and the subsequent decreased activity of cyclin‐dependent kinase, CDK6 and associated cyclin D3, impairing the inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). In RPMI 8226 cells, RU induced apoptosis by recruiting endoplasmic reticulum‐ as well as mitochondria‐associated caspases. Moreover, RU interfered with the NF‐κB survival pathway, often deregulated in MM malignancy. Antimyeloma activities were observed in dexamethasone (Dex)‐ and RU‐resistant cells when RU was combined with bortezomib; Dex and bortezomib being frequently used in MM therapy. RU induced the death of CD138+ cells purified from MM patients but not CD19+ normal cells obtained from tonsils. Therefore, RU mediates the inhibition of survival, the activation of apoptosis and finally potentiates anticancer drug. Those combinatory effects provide a basis for the potential use of pure AEs in MM treatment. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors associated with a novel germline KIT mutation
Authors: Woźniak Agnieszka , Rutkowski Piotr , Sciot Raf , Ruka Włodzimierz , Michej Wanda , Debiec‐Rychter Maria 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSomatic, activating mutations of KIT or PDGFRA are early oncogenic events in the majority of sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Also a number of families with GISTs have been described in recent years. The familial GIST syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with high penetrance and diverse manifestations associated mostly with germline KIT mutations. In this report, we show a novel germline mutation in the juxtamembrane domain of KIT, identified in 2 brothers, both presenting with recurrent, high risk/malignant rectal GISTs. The KIT p.Q575_P577delinsH mutation was found in tumor samples as well as in peripheral blood leukocytes from both patients, proving that the mutation was indeed inherited. Besides rectal GISTs, no other features characteristic for the familial GIST syndrome was observed in either brother or any of their first‐degree relatives. The patients were treated with imatinib, achieving either long‐term partial response or stable disease. This observation confirms that imatinib can be successfully used in familial GISTs, as it is used in the sporadic advanced tumors, and that tumors bearing a KIT p.Q575_P577delinsH mutation are responsive to imatinib treatment. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prohibitin silencing reverses stabilization of mitochondrial integrity and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells by increasing their sensitivity to apoptosis
Authors: Gregory‐Bass Rosalind C. , Olatinwo Moshood , Xu Wei , Matthews Roland , Stiles Jonathan K. , Thomas Kelwyn , Liu Dong , Tsang Benjamin , Thompson Winston E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCurrent approaches to the treatment of ovarian cancer are limited because of the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Prohibitin (Phb1) is a possible candidate protein that contributes to development of drug resistance, which could be targeted in neoplastic cells. Phb1 is a highly conserved protein that is associated with a block in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and also with cell survival. Our study was designed to determine the role of Phb1 in regulating cellular growth and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Our results showed that Phb1 content is differentially overexpressed in papillary serous ovarian carcinoma and endometrioid ovarian adenocarcinoma when compared to normal ovarian epithelium and was inversely related to Ki67 expression. Immunofluorescence microscopy and Western analyses revealed that Phb1 is primarily associated with the mitochondria in ovarian cancer cells. Over‐expression of Phb1 by adenoviral Phb1 infection resulted in an increase in the percentage of ovarian cancer cells accumulating at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Treatment of ovarian cancer cells with staurosporine (STS) induced apoptosis in a time‐dependent manner. Phb1 over‐expression induced cellular resistance to STS via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In contrast, silencing of Phb1 expression by adenoviral small interfering RNA (siRNA) sensitized ovarian cancer cells to STS‐induce apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that Phb1 induces block at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and promotes survival of cancer cells. Furthermore, silencing of the Phb1 gene expression may prove to be a valuable therapeutic approach for chemoresistant ovarian cancer by increasing sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptosis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical modelling of conductive and convective heat transfers in retinal laser applications
Authors: Sandeau J. , Kandulla J. , Elsner H. , Brinkmann R. , Apiou‐Sbirlea G. , Birngruber R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe control of the temperature increase is an important issue in retinal laser treatments. Within the fundus of the eye heat, generated by absorption of light, is transmitted by diffusion in the retinal pigment epithelium and in the choroid and lost by convection due to the choroidal blood flow. The temperature can be spatially and temporally determined by solving the heat equation. In a former analytical model this was achieved by assuming uniform convection for the whole fundus of the eye. A numerical method avoiding this unrealistic assumption by considering convective heat transfer only in the choroid is used here to solve the heat equation. Numerical results are compared with experimental results obtained by using a novel method of noninvasive optoacoustic retinal temperature measurements in rabbits. Assuming global convection the perfusion coefficient was evaluated to 0.07 s−1, whereas a value of 0.32 s−1 – much closer to values found in the literature (between 0.28 and 0.30 s−1) – was obtained when choroidal convection was assumed, showing the advantage of the numerical method. The modelling of retinal laser treatment is thus improved and could be considered in the future to optimize treatments by calculating retinal temperature increases under various tissues and laser properties. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Use of mannosylated cationic liposomes/ immunostimulatory CpG DNA complex for effective inhibition of peritoneal dissemination in mice
Authors: Kuramoto Yukari , Kawakami Shigeru , Zhou Shuwen , Fukuda Kyouichi , Yamashita Fumiyoshi , Hashida Mitsuru 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy using immunostimulatory CpG DNA could be a promising new therapeutic approach to combat refractory peritoneal dissemination. In the present study, we report the use of a mannosylated cationic liposomes/immunostimulatory CpG DNA complex (Man/CpG DNA lipoplex) for effective inhibition of peritoneal dissemination in mice.MethodsThe immune response characteristics of the Man/CpG DNA lipoplex were evaluated by measuring tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α production using primary cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. Subsequently, Man/CpG DNA lipoplex was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to peritoneal dissemination model mice, and the number of tumor cells (colon26/Luc) was quantitatively evaluated by measuring luciferase activity. The effect on survival time of the Man/CpG DNA lipoplex was also investigated. The serum transaminase levels of mice receiving i.p. Man/CpG DNA lipoplex treatment were measured to evaluate systemic toxicity.ResultsThe Man/CpG DNA lipoplex induced higher TNF‐α production from macrophages than CpG DNA complexed with conventional cationic liposomes and galactosylated cationic liposomes (Bare/CpG DNA lipoplex and Gal/CpG DNA lipoplex), suggesting mannose receptor‐mediated CpG DNA transfer. Intraperitoneal administration of Man/CpG DNA lipoplex inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells in the greater omentum and the mesentery more efficiently than Bare/CpG DNA lipoplex and Gal/CpG DNA lipoplex. Furthermore, the survival time of the peritoneal dissemination model mice was prolonged by i.p. administration of Man/CpG DNA lipoplex. The serum transaminase levels of mice receiving i.p. Man/CpG DNA lipoplex were found to be the same as those of untreated mice.ConclusionsThe results obtained suggest that i.p. administered Man/CpG DNA lipoplex can be used for efficient immunotherapy to combat peritoneal dissemination. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the hip
Authors: Hong Raymond J. , Hughes Tudor H. , Gentili Amilcare , Chung Christine B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractStandard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as MR arthrography (MRA) have been important diagnostic tools to assess for a spectrum of clinical presentations related to the hip. MRA has allowed the radiologist to closely examine intracapsular structures such as the acetabular labrum. In this article, we provide a general review of soft tissue and osseous anatomy of hips, especially focusing on the MR appearances of the acetabular labrum and the osseous morphology of the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity with their muscle and tendon attachments. In addition, current topics in recent literature will be discussed such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and rotator cuff tears of the hip. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of left ventricular volumes and mass with fast 3D cine steady‐state free precession k‐t space broad‐use linear acquisition speed‐up technique (k‐t BLAST)
Authors: Greil Gerald F. , Germann Sabrina , Kozerke Sebastian , Baltes Christof , Tsao Jeffrey , Urschitz Michael S. , Seeger Achim , Tangcharoen Tarinee , Bialkowsky Anja , Miller Stephan , Sieverding Ludger 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeTo compare left ventricular (LV) volume and mass assessment using two‐dimensional (2D) cine steady‐state free precession (SSFP) and k‐t space broad‐use linear acquisition speed‐up technique (k‐t BLAST) accelerated 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsOn a commercially available 1.5T MR scanner, 2D cine SSFP, six‐ and eight‐fold accelerated 3D k‐t BLAST were performed to evaluate LV volumes and mass in 17 volunteers. After semiautomatic segmentation of the different MR data sets, the resulting volumes and mass were compared according to the mean difference, 95% confidence interval, standard deviation (SD), Pearson's correlation coefficient, Bland‐Altman analysis, and the Pitman‐Morgan test.ResultsData acquisition was successful in all subjects. The number of required breathholds was reduced from a maximal of five for the 2D cine SSFP sequence to two for 3D k‐t BLAST sequences. Comparing LV volumes, there was excellent agreement between 2D and 3D cine 8× k‐t BLAST SSFP volumes (mean difference ± 2SD end‐diastolic volume [EDV] = 5 ± 8 mL, end‐systolic volume [ESV] = 1 ±12 mL, and stroke volume [SV] = 3 ± 8 mL), and mass (–1.8 ± 9 g).Conclusionk‐t BLAST–accelerated 3D sequences allow accurate assessment of LV volumes and mass compared to 2D cine SSFP. This method may reduce costs and increase patient comfort due to shortened data acquisition time and reduced number of breathholds. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraoperative MR‐guided neurosurgery
Authors: Hall Walter A. , Truwit Charles L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFor more than a decade neurosurgeons have become increasingly dependent on image guidance to perform safe, efficient, and cost‐effective surgery. Neuronavigation is frame‐based or frameless and requires obtaining computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans several days or immediately before surgery. Unfortunately, these systems do not allow the neurosurgeon to adjust for the brain shift that occurs once the cranium is open. This technical inability has led to the development of intraoperative MRI (ioMRI) systems ranging from 0.12–3.0T in strength. The advantages of ioMRI are the excellent soft tissue discrimination and the ability to view the operative site in three dimensions. Enhanced visualization of the intracranial lesion enables the neurosurgeon to choose a safe surgical trajectory that avoids critical structures, to maximize the extent of the tumor resection, and to exclude an intraoperative hemorrhage. All ioMRI systems provide basic T1‐ and T2‐weighted imaging capabilities but high‐field (1.5T) systems can also perform MR spectroscopy (MRS), MR venography (MRV), MR angiography (MRA), brain activation studies, chemical shift imaging, and diffusion‐weighted imaging. Identifying vascular structures by MRA or MRV may prevent injury during surgery. Demonstrating elevated phosphocholine within a tumor may improve the diagnostic yield of brain biopsy. Mapping out neurologic function may influence the surgical approach to a tumor. The optimal strength for MR‐guided neurosurgery is currently under investigation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinoic acid enhances prostaglandin E2 production through increased expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 in rat brain microglia
Authors: Kim Beomsue , Lee Jee‐Hyung , Yang Myung‐Soon , Jou Ilo , Joe Eun‐Hye 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA) is a well‐known antiinflammatory agent. In this study, we show that RA has a dual effect on cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression in inflammatory activated microglia, the resident brain macrophages. After treatment of microglia with LPS or thrombin, COX‐2 expression was induced in two phases, specifically, an initial increase at about 12 hr after stimulation followed by a decrease, and another increase at about 48–72 hr. However, PGE2 and 15d‐PGJ2 were detected at about 12 hr, and the levels continuously increased thereafter. Interestingly, all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) suppressed the expression of early‐phase COX‐2 but augmented late‐phase COX‐2 and inhibited iNOS in the whole time sequence. ATRA enhanced PGE2 production but had little effect on 15d‐PGJ2. Moreover, ATRA selectively up‐regulated the expression of a PGE2 synthase, mPGES‐1, but had little effect on the PGD2 synthase, H‐PGDS. The results collectively suggest that ATRA modulates microglial responses to inflammatory stimulators, particularly at the late phase, via enhancement of COX‐2 expression and PGE2 production. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 attenuates cyanide‐induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting uncoupling protein‐2 up‐regulation
Authors: Li L. , Prabhakaran K. , Zhang X. , Zhang L. , Liu H. , Borowitz J.L. , Isom G.E. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) is a neuroprotectant that can reduce cytotoxicity produced by a variety of toxicants. The mechanism of the neuroprotection was studied in rat primary cortical cells in which Wy14,643, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐α (PPARα), enhances cyanide (KCN) neurotoxicity. In this cell model, Wy14,643 pretreatment enhanced cyanide‐induced cell death, and the increased cell death was linked to up‐regulation of uncoupling protein‐2 (UCP‐2). VD3 reversed cyanide‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cells pretreated with Wy14,643, as reflected by restoration of cellular ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Analysis of cellular state 4 oxygen consumption showed increased mitochondrial uncoupling accompanied by up‐regulation of UPC‐2. The uncoupling was attenuated by prior treatment with VD3. The interaction of VD3 with UCP‐2 was attributed to increased expression of IκB, an inhibitor of NF‐κB (transcription factor that regulates UCP‐2 expression). The increased IκB levels lead to reduced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of nuclear factor‐κB. The role of oxidative stress in the response was then evaluated. Cotreatment with Wy14,643 and cyanide markedly increased reactive oxygen species generation and decreased reduced glutathione levels. The oxidative stress was blocked by VD3 pretreatment. It was concluded that VD3 blocks Wy14,643 enhancement of cyanide neurotoxicity by suppressing the redox‐mediated transcriptional up‐regulation of UCP‐2, resulting in reduced mitochondrial proton leak and stabilization of mitochondrial function. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel role of hippocalcin in bFGF‐induced neurite outgrowth of H19‐7 cells
Authors: Oh Doo‐Yi , Cho Ju Hwan , Park Shin‐Young , Kim Yong Seok , Yoon Young‐Ju , Yoon Shin Hee , Chung Kwang Chul , Lee Ki Sung , Han Joong‐Soo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHippocalcin is a Ca2+‐binding protein that is expressed mainly in pyramidal nerve cells of the hippocampus. However, its functions and mechanism in the brain remain unclear. To elucidate the role of hippocalcin, we used a conditionally immortalized hippocampal cell line (H19‐7) and showed that bFGF treatment increased the expression of hippocalcin during bFGF‐induced neurite outgrowth of H19‐7 cells. Overexpression of hippocalcin dramatically elongated neurites and increased the expression of basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor, that is, NeuroD without bFGF stimulation. Treatment of the cells with hippocalcin siRNA completely blocked bFGF‐induced neurite outgrowth and NeuroD expression. bFGF stimulation resulted in activation of phospholipase C–γ (PLC‐γ) and an increased level of intracellular Ca2+. Hippocalcin expression by bFGF stimulation was fully blocked by both the PLC‐γ inhibitor U73122 and BAPTA‐AM, a chelator of intracellular Ca2+, suggesting that hippocalcin expression by bFGF is dependent on PLC‐γ and Ca2+. Moreover, both U73122 and BAPTA‐AM completely blocked bFGF‐induced neurite outgrowth and NeuroD expression. Taken together, these results suggest for the first time that bFGF induces hippocalcin expression in H19‐7 cells through PLC‐γ activation, which leads to neurite outgrowth. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved statistical seasonal forecasts using extended training data
Authors: Wilks Daniel S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractStatistical seasonal forecasts for gridded North American temperatures are computed using Pacific sea‐surface temperature predictors, comparing long (1880 through most recent year) and short (1950 through most recent year) training samples. Use of the longer training series substantially improves the forecasts in winter, and improves forecasts for the longer lead times in other seasons, even though the older reconstructed predictor fields are based on less complete and presumably less reliable information. Forecasts made using canonical correlation analysis and maximum covariance analysis (MCA) perform similarly overall, although the best forecasts in winter are achieved with MCA forecasts that also include a predictor representing the warming trend in recent years. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
A PCA Based Fault Detection Scheme for an Industrial High Pressure Polyethylene Reactor
Authors: Sharmin Rumana , Shah Sirish L. , Sundararaj Uttandaraman 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA data‐based monitoring scheme is proposed to detect decomposition in low density polyethylene reactors by combining principal component analysis with a priori information on the heat balance equations around the reactor. During normal operating conditions, the heat balance equation should close at all times within reasonable limits. If excess heat is generated in the reactor, the heat balance closure error will exceed a user specified threshold limit to indicate the possible onset of decomposition. However, since precise information required to formulate the exact energy balance equations was not available, principal component analysis (PCA) was used as a model identification tool. Results from a number of decompositions case studies from an industrial low density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate autoclave reactor indicate that the method was able to detect the onset of decomposition with reasonable lead time.magnified image