bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband X-ray/UV/optical time-resolved spectroscopy of NGC 5548: The origin of the UV/optical variability in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Kammoun E. , Papadakis I. E. , Dovčiak M. , Panagiotou C. 
Published: March 2024

Context. Recently, nearby bright galaxies have been the subject of long monitoring surveys in the X-rays, UV, and optical. All of these campaigns revealed a strong correlation between the various UV and optical bands, with time lags that increase with wavelength. In a series of papers, we have demonstrated that a scenario in which an X-ray source located on the rotation axis of the central black hole illuminating the accretion disc is a viable explanation for the observed correlations. However, some of the monitored sources showed low or moderate correlation between the X-rays and the UV, which could challenge this scenario.
Aims. In this paper, we analyse the time-averaged and the variable broadband X-ray/UV/optical spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of NGC 5548, one of the most intensely monitored Seyfert 1 galaxies, using Swift, HST, and ground-based telescopes. The aim of this paper is to test whether the broadband spectral behaviour of the source could be explained with the X-ray illumination hypothesis, despite the apparently moderate correlation between the X-rays and longer wavelength.
Methods. We modelled the broadband time-averaged SED, from the Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping (STORM) monitoring campaign of the source performed using the KYNSED model, which assumes X-ray illumination of the disc. We also modelled 15 time-resolved SEDs extracted from the same campaign to check whether this model can account for the spectral variability seen in the various wavebands during the monitoring. We assumed in our modelling that the X-ray corona is powered via the accretion process.
Results. Our results show that the proposed scenario could describe the time-averaged and the time-resolved SEDs of NGC 5548 perfectly well. In this scenario, the height of the corona, the X-ray photon index, and the power that is transferred to the corona all vary. This would explain the variability behaviour at the various wavelengths. The best-fit model is obtained for a non-spinning black hole accreting at a constant rate of 5% of its Eddington limit. Since each of the variable parameters will affect the observed flux in a particular way, the combined variability of all of these parameters will then account for the moderate correlation between the X-rays and UV/optical.
Conclusions. We demonstrate in this paper that X-ray illumination of the accretion disc can actually explain the observed properties of NGC 5548. In fact, this model not only fits the broadband spectra of the source well, but it also explains the time-lag behaviour as a function of wavelength as well as the power spectral distribution, providing a complete description of the behaviour of this source.
Zusammenhänge von Belastungsthemen und Coping-Strategien mit
psychischer Gesundheit und Lebenszufriedenheit bei COPD – eine
Mixed-Methods-Studie
Authors: Köbler Paul , Vogel Ralf T. , Joraschky Peter , Söllner Wolfgang 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDem umfassenden Verständnis von krankheitsauslösenden und -aufrechterhaltenden
Faktoren kommt im Hinblick auf die Ausprägung psychischer Komorbidität bei COPD
eine große Bedeutung zu. In der vorliegenden Mixed-Methods-Studie wurden
qualitative Interviewdaten zu Belastungen und Krankheitsverarbeitung mit
psychischer Komorbidität (mittels PHQ-D) sowie Lebenszufriedenheitsvariablen
(Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedulde, PANAS und Satisfaction with Life
Scale, SWLS) in Beziehung gesetzt und um den Freiburger Fragebogen zur
Krankheitsverarbeitung (FKV-LIS) ergänzt. Die beiden erzählanregenden
Interviewfragen lauteten: 1.) „Was beschäftigt Sie zur Zeit am meisten?“; 2.)
„Wie gehen Sie im Alltag mit Ihrer chronischen Erkrankung um?“ Insgesamt 62
aufgrund von COPD hospitalisierte Patient:innen nahmen teil. Die Schwere der
körperlichen Beeinträchtigung wurde mittels GOLD-Stadium und
Charlson-Komorbiditätsindex (CCI) bewertet. Die durchgeführten Interviews wurden
inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet und anschließend quantitativ erfasst. Die
erhobenen Daten wurden anschließend zwischen zwei Gruppen hinsichtlich
psychischer Belastung verglichen. Es wurden 13 Belastungsthemen und 11
Copingstrategien inhaltsanalytisch identifiziert. Insgesamt 42 Patient:innen
zeigten Anzeichen von psychosozialer Belastung, während 20 Patient:innen keine
derartigen Belastungen aufwiesen. Es gab keine signifikanten Unterschiede
zwischen den beiden Gruppen hinsichtlich soziodemografischer Merkmale und der
Schwere ihrer körperlichen Symptome. Bei der ersten Interviewfrage thematisierte
die belastete Gruppe häufiger Themen im Zusammenhang mit dem Tod (35,7%
gegenüber 15,0%) und sozialen Belastungen (21,4% gegenüber 0,0%). In der
nicht-belasteten Gruppe wurden in Bezug auf die zweite Interviewfrage
signifikant häufiger Strategien zur bewussten Betonung positiver Emotionen
genannt (70,0% gegenüber 31,0%). Darüber hinaus zeigten sich höhere Werte in den
FKV-Skalen für depressive Verarbeitung sowie Bagatellisierung und Wunschdenken
in der belasteten Gruppe. In der klinischen Betreuung bei COPD sollten
Lebensqualität und psychische Belastung berücksichtigt werden, wobei Maßnahmen
zur Beeinflussung der Krankheitswahrnehmung und der damit zusammenhängenden
Copingstile, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung einer realistischen
und optimistischen Sichtweise auf die Lebens- und Erkrankungssituation sowie der
Einbezug von Gruppen- und familientherapeutischen Interventionen von Bedeutung
sind.
Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Translation of the PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module for 2-to 4-Year-Olds in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Kutlutürk Yıkılmaz Seval , Tanrıverdi Müberra , Öktem Sedat 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Neuromuscular Module (PedsQL™ 3.0 NM) evaluates the health-related quality of life in children who are affected by neuromuscular diseases. This study's aim is to assess the adaptation of the PedsQL™ 3.0 NM Turkish version (PedsQL™ 3.0 NM-TR) for 2- to 4-year-olds in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
Methods The procedure of translating the PedsQL™ 3.0 NM into Turkish was conducted in accordance with the translation methodology outlined by the PedsQL™ measurement model. The PedsQL™ 3.0 NM-TR was administered to 54 parents of children with SMA aged 2 to 4 years. The test–retest reliability and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were measured for reliability analysis. Cronbach's α coefficient and item score correlations were calculated for internal consistency. Concurrent construct validity was evaluated by Pearson correlations between the outcomes of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scale (PedsQL™ 4.0 GCS) and the PedsQL™ 3.0 NM.
Results The PedsQL™ 3.0 NM-TR total score shows excellent reliability. The Cronbach's α values for the PedsQL™ 3.0 NM ranged between 0.871 and 0.906, while those for the PedsQL™ 4.0 GCS ranged between 0.843 and 0.897. Test–retest ICC values for the PedsQL™ 3.0 NM-TR ranged between 0.812 and 0.917, and for the PedsQL™ 4.0 GCS ranged between 0.773 and 0.899. The relationship between the PedsQL™ 3.0 NM-TR and the subscores of the PedsQL™ 4.0 GCS demonstrated a range of correlations from excellent to fair, indicating the interplay between two scales.
Conclusion This study established the PedsQL™ 3.0 NM-TR as reliable, valid, and feasible for use in children aged 2 to 4 years with SMA.
Impacts of environmental tobacco smoke on the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
Authors: Schlindwein Marco Antônio Machado , de Moura Campos Marcelo Henrique , Breis Leticia Caroline , Chara Beatriz Sordi , Scherer Clara Sasse , Caminski Vitória Augusta Piva , Matta André , Gonçalves Marcus Vinicius Magno 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Unlike cigarette smoking, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has not been as well described as an environmental risk for Multiple sclerosis (MS) nor as a risk factor for disease progression.
Objective We systematically reviewed the association between ETS and the risk of onset and/or progression of MS.
Methods We systematically screened MedLine/PubMed, Science Direct, LILACs, and SciELO searching for publications between January 1st, 2010, and July 5, 2021, with the following keywords: “multiple sclerosis and smoking”; “multiple sclerosis and passive smoking”; “multiple sclerosis and secondhand smoking”.
Results Fifteen articles were included in this review, which consisted of systematic reviews with meta-analysis (N = 2), systematic reviews (N = 2), and observational studies (N = 11). Both meta-analyses reported an impact of ETS on MS onset among secondhand smokers. One of the systematic reviews selected two observational studies showing the association between ETS and MS development, and one study that did not find a significant association between ETS and the risk of MS development. The other systematic review identified selected eight articles showing a relationship between ETS and MS. Seven observational studies reported higher odds of MS onset when associated with ETS. Four observational studies did not show a relationship between ETS and MS onset or progression.
Conclusion Most articles showed a positive association between ETS exposure and the risk of developing MS. On the other hand, an association between ETS and a higher risk for MS progression could not be established.
Guardians of ableist family formation: the legitimation work of Danish abortion committees in cases of termination for fetal anomaly
Authors: Heinsen Laura Louise 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn Denmark, pregnant persons have a statutory right to abortion on-demand in the first trimester of pregnancy, after which abortion must be sanctioned by a regional abortion committee and may be warranted if there is danger that the fetus will suffer a serious mental or physical disability, yet what precisely constitutes ‘danger’ and ‘seriousness’ are left in the hands of the juridical abortion system to interpret. In this article, I explore how jurists and doctors arrive at and legitimate the authorization of disability-selective abortion. Building on van Wichelen’s (Legitimating life: adoption in the age of globalization and biotechnology, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2019) concept of ‘legitimation work,’ I show how abortion committees make legal decisions by dividing and distributing the task of —and moral responsibility for—making life-ending decisions by leaning on established legal practice, what I refer to as bureaucratic legitimation work; risk estimates made by external medical experts, what I refer to as collaborative legitimation work; and the ethical panacea of individual autonomy and informed choice, what I refer to as ethopolitical legitimation work. I argue that in conjunction, these forms of legitimation work turn termination of almost every non-conforming fetus into legitimate acts, hereby safeguarding ableist family formation.
CONSULT-II: accurate taxonomic identification and profiling using locality-sensitive hashing
Authors: Şapcı Ali Osman Berk , Rachtman Eleonora , Mirarab Siavash 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Taxonomic classification of short reads and taxonomic profiling of metagenomic samples are well-studied yet challenging problems. The presence of species belonging to groups without close representation in a reference dataset is particularly challenging. While k-mer-based methods have performed well in terms of running time and accuracy, they tend to have reduced accuracy for such novel species. Thus, there is a growing need for methods that combine the scalability of k-mers with increased sensitivity.

Results
Here, we show that using locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) can increase the sensitivity of the k-mer-based search. Our method, which combines LSH with several heuristics techniques including soft lowest common ancestor labeling and voting, is more accurate than alternatives in both taxonomic classification of individual reads and abundance profiling.

Availability and implementation
CONSULT-II is implemented in C++, and the software, together with reference libraries, is publicly available on GitHub https://github.com/bo1929/CONSULT-II.
Prevalence and imaging characteristics of cerebral small vessel disease in a Colombian population aged 40 years and older
Authors: Rodriguez Laura , Araujo Ana T , D Vera Daniela , Rodríguez Gelvez Adriana , Camacho Paul A , Mantilla Daniel E , Mantilla Juan C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease is a major contributor to both brain aging and cognitive decline. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cerebral small vessel disease in a Colombian population over 40 years of age who attended a Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging service for brain MRI between October 2018 and March 2019. This was an observational, cross-sectional and analytical study of 710 adult patients over 40 years of age who attended the Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging service for a brain MRI. The analysed data were obtained from an anonymized database of the service. We studied 710 MRI scans of patients aged between 40 and 104 years. The most frequent risk factor was hypertension (36.2%). Brain abnormalities associated with cerebral small vessel disease, such as white matter hyperintensities, were seen in 56.20% of the population, and brain atrophy was observed in 12.96%. Brain disease prevalence increased with age (23.18% for those aged 55 years, 54.49% for those aged 55–64 years, 69.8% for those aged 65–74 years and 90.53% for those older than 75 years). The prevalence of cerebral small vessel disease in our population was similar to that reported in the world literature, as were the prevalence of the evaluated cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, we identified an association between hypertension and advanced age with cerebral small vessel disease, with white matter hyperintensities being the most characteristic finding.
Exploring public perception and willingness to pay for a renewable source of energy: evidence from an emerging economy of renewable-energy development
Authors: Bashir Mohammed J K , Abdelhak Senadjki , Salah Wael A , Abuhelwa Mai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study focuses on the transition from conventional energy sources to sustainable renewable energy (RE) in Palestine, particularly in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The research aims to understand the relationship between key factors and residents’ willingness to invest in the RE sector, with a specific focus on the impact of education. Using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, the study analyzes data from 400 residents through a questionnaire and employs ordinary least-squares regression analysis with Eviews 12. The key findings indicate that residents’ inclination to invest in RE is significantly influenced by factors such as resource availability, knowledge level and power outages. Moreover, the study suggests that educated residents are more likely to invest in RE when factors such as knowledge, effort expectation, enabling conditions and resource availability are relatively high. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of policymakers’ allocating sufficient funds to research and development to promote technological innovation in RE sources, thereby enhancing the population’s energy efficiency.
Pre- and intra-operative risk factors predict postoperative respiratory failure after minimally invasive oesophagectomy
Authors: Yu Boyao , Liu Zhichao , Zhang Long , Pan Jie , Jiang Chao , Li Chunguang , Li Zhigang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Severe pulmonary complications such as postoperative respiratory failure can occur after minimally invasive oesophagectomy. However, the risk factors have not been well identified. The goal of this study was to develop a predictive model for the occurrence of postoperative respiratory failure with a large sample.

METHODS
We collected data from patients with oesophageal cancer who had a minimally invasive oesophagectomy at Shanghai Chest Hospital from 2019 to 2022. Univariable and backward stepwise logistic regression analysis of 19 pre- and intra-operative factors was used before model fitting, and its performance was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic curve. Internal validation was assessed with a calibration plot, decision curve analysis and area under the curve with 95% confidence intervals, obtained from 1000 resamples set by the bootstrap method.

RESULTS
This study enrolled 2,386 patients, 57 (2.4%) of whom developed postoperative respiratory failure. Backward stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, tumour location and duration of chest surgery ≥101.5 min were predictive factors. A predictive model was constructed and showed acceptable performance (area under the curve: 0.755). The internal validation with the bootstrap method proves the good agreement for prediction and reality.

CONCLUSIONS
Obesity, severe diffusion dysfunction and upper segment oesophageal cancer were strong predictive factors. The established predictive model has acceptable predictive validity for postoperative respiratory failure after minimally invasive oesophagectomy, which may improve the identification of high-risk patients and enable health-care professionals to perform risk assessment for postoperative respiratory failure at the initial consultation.
Do genetic loci that cause reproductive isolation in the lab inhibit gene flow in nature?
Authors: Frayer Megan E , Payseur Bret A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The genetic dissection of reproductive barriers between diverging lineages provides enticing clues into the origin of species. One strategy uses linkage analysis in experimental crosses to identify genomic locations involved in phenotypes that mediate reproductive isolation. A second framework searches for genomic regions that show reduced rates of exchange across natural hybrid zones. It is often assumed that these approaches will point to the same loci, but this assumption is rarely tested. In this perspective, we discuss the factors that determine whether loci connected to postzygotic reproductive barriers in the laboratory are inferred to reduce gene flow in nature. We synthesize data on the genetics of postzygotic isolation in house mice, one of the most intensively studied systems in speciation genetics. In a rare empirical comparison, we measure the correspondence of loci tied to postzygotic barriers via genetic mapping in the laboratory and loci at which gene flow is inhibited across a natural hybrid zone. We find no evidence that the two sets of loci overlap beyond what is expected by chance. In light of these results, we recommend avenues for empirical and theoretical research to resolve the potential incongruence between the two predominant strategies for understanding the genetics of speciation.
SecMet-FISH: labeling, visualization, and enumeration of secondary metabolite producing microorganisms
Authors: Buijs Yannick , Geers Aileen Ute , Nita Iuliana , Strube Mikael Lenz , Bentzon-Tilia Mikkel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Our understanding of the role of secondary metabolites in microbial communities is challenged by intrinsic limitations of culturing bacteria under laboratory conditions and hence cultivation independent approaches are needed. Here, we present a protocol termed Secondary Metabolite FISH (SecMet-FISH), combining advantages of gene-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (geneFISH) with in-solution methods (in-solution FISH) to detect and quantify cells based on their genetic capacity to produce secondary metabolites. The approach capitalizes on the conserved nature of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding adenylation (AD) and ketosynthase (KS) domains, and thus selectively targets the genetic basis of non-ribosomal peptide and polyketide biosynthesis. The concept relies on the generation of amplicon pools using degenerate primers broadly targeting AD and KS domains followed by fluorescent labeling, detection, and quantification. Initially, we obtained AD and KS amplicons from Pseuodoalteromonas rubra, which allowed us to successfully label and visualize BGCs within P. rubra cells, demonstrating the feasibility of SecMet-FISH. Next, we adapted the protocol and optimized it for hybridization in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cell suspensions, enabling high-throughput single cell analysis by flow cytometry. Ultimately, we used SecMet-FISH to successfully distinguish secondary metabolite producers from non-producers in a five-member synthetic community.
Dietary restriction fails to extend lifespan of Drosophila model of Werner syndrome
Authors: Sember Eileen , Chennakesavula Ranga , Beard Breanna , Opoola Mubaraq , Hwangbo Dae-Sung 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disease in humans, caused by mutations in the WRN gene that encodes a protein containing helicase and exonuclease domains. WS is characterized by symptoms of accelerated aging in multiple tissues and organs, involving increased risk of cancer, heart failure, and metabolic dysfunction. These conditions ultimately lead to the premature mortality of patients with WS. In this study, using the null mutant flies (WRNexoΔ) for the gene WRNexo (CG7670), homologous to the exonuclease domain of WRN in humans, we examined how diets affect the lifespan, stress resistance, and sleep/wake patterns of a Drosophila model of WS. We observed that dietary restriction (DR), one of the most robust nongenetic interventions to extend lifespan in animal models, failed to extend the lifespan of WRNexoΔ mutant flies and even had a detrimental effect in females. Interestingly, the mean lifespan of WRNexoΔ mutant flies was not reduced on a protein-rich diet compared to that of wild-type (WT) flies. Compared to WT control flies, the mutant flies also exhibited altered responses to DR in their resistance to starvation and oxidative stress, as well as changes in sleep/wake patterns. These findings show that the WRN protein is necessary for mediating the effects of DR and suggest that the exonuclease domain of WRN plays an important role in metabolism in addition to its primary role in DNA-repair and genome stability.