bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophils seeking new neighbors: radiotherapy affects the cellular framework and the spatial organization in a murine breast cancer model
Authors: Reichardt C. M. , Muñoz-Becerra M. , Rius Rigau A. , Rückert M. , Fietkau R. , Schett G. , Gaipl U. S. , Frey B. , Muñoz L. E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeutrophils are known to contribute in many aspects of tumor progression and metastasis. The presence of neutrophils or neutrophil-derived mediators in the tumor microenvironment has been associated with poor prognosis in several types of solid tumors. However, the effects of classical cancer treatments such as radiation therapy on neutrophils are poorly understood. Furthermore, the cellular composition and distribution of immune cells in the tumor is of increasing interest in cancer research and new imaging technologies allow to perform more complex spatial analyses within tumor tissues. Therefore, we aim to offer novel insight into intra-tumoral formation of cellular neighborhoods and communities in murine breast cancer. To address this question, we performed image mass cytometry on tumors of the TS/A breast cancer tumor model, performed spatial neighborhood analyses of the tumor microenvironment and quantified neutrophil-extracellular trap degradation products in serum of the mice. We show that irradiation with 2 × 8 Gy significantly alters the cellular composition and spatial organization in the tumor, especially regarding neutrophils and other cells of the myeloid lineage. Locally applied radiotherapy further affects neutrophils in a systemic manner by decreasing the serum neutrophil extracellular trap concentrations which correlates positively with survival. In addition, the intercellular cohesion is maintained due to radiotherapy as shown by E-Cadherin expression. Radiotherapy, therefore, might affect the epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity in tumors and thus prevent metastasis. Our findings underscore the growing importance of the spatial organization of the tumor microenvironment, particularly with respect to radiotherapy, and provide insight into potential mechanisms by which radiotherapy affects epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity and tumor metastasis.
Molecular classification reveals the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma to radiotherapy and immunotherapy: multi-omics clustering based on similarity network fusion
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Li Yangyi , Dai Weijing , Tang Fang , Wang Lanqing , Wang Zhiying , Li Siqi , Ji Qian , Zhang Junhong , Liao Zhengkai , Yu Jing , Xu Yu , Gong Jun , Hu Jing , Li Jie , Guo Xiuli , He Fajian , Han Linzhi , Gong Yan , Ouyang Wen , Wang Zhihao , Xie Conghua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Due to individual differences in tumors and immune systems, the response rate to immunotherapy is low in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Combinations with other therapeutic strategies improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in LUAD patients. Although radioimmunotherapy has been demonstrated to effectively suppress tumors, the underlying mechanisms still need to be investigated.

Methods
Total RNA from LUAD cells was sequenced before and after radiotherapy to identify differentially expressed radiation-associated genes. The similarity network fusion (SNF) algorithm was applied for molecular classification based on radiation-related genes, immune-related genes, methylation data, and somatic mutation data. The changes in gene expression, prognosis, immune cell infiltration, radiosensitivity, chemosensitivity, and sensitivity to immunotherapy were assessed for each subtype.

Results
We used the SNF algorithm and multi-omics data to divide TCGA-LUAD patients into three subtypes. Patients with the CS3 subtype had the best prognosis, while those with the CS1 and CS2 subtypes had poorer prognoses. Among the strains tested, CS2 exhibited the most elevated immune cell infiltration and expression of immune checkpoint genes, while CS1 exhibited the least. Patients in the CS2 subgroup were more likely to respond to PD-1 immunotherapy. The CS2 patients were most sensitive to docetaxel and cisplatin, while the CS1 patients were most sensitive to paclitaxel. Experimental validation of signature genes in the CS2 subtype showed that inhibiting the expression of RHCG and TRPA1 could enhance the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to radiation.

Conclusions
In summary, this study identified a risk classifier based on multi-omics data that can guide treatment selection for LUAD patients.
Frequency response of separated flows on a plunging finite wing with spoilers
Authors: Hadjipantelis Michail , Son Onur , Wang Zhijin , Gursul Ismet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe effectiveness of lift and bending moment reduction on a plunging wing was investigated in an experimental study to understand the effects of unsteady wing motion. The frequency response of the lift/moment reduction was studied for finite-span mini-spoilers placed on a finite wing. Single, multiple, and spanwise periodic mini-spoilers located at various spanwise locations all exhibit a decaying frequency response of the effectiveness of lift/moment reduction with increasing frequency and amplitude of the oscillations. This happens for pre-stall angles of attack as the mini-spoilers induce shear layer separation, roll-up of vorticity, and recirculation regions, generating additional lift. For the post-stall angles of attack, stronger leading-edge vortices are already shed from the clean wing at high frequencies, and the spoilers are not able to influence the development of the vortices, resulting in a decaying frequency response. The cut-off frequency for all spoiler configurations is similar and scales with the reduced frequency at pre-stall angles of attack, whereas the Strouhal number based on the peak-to-peak amplitude of the plunge oscillations becomes the scaling parameter at post-stall angle of attack. The spoilers exhibit similar cut-off frequency to their two-dimensional counterparts. The finite-spoilers delay or displace the shear layer away from the wing surface, similar to the two-dimensional mechanisms.
Impacts of El Niño diversity on East Asian summertime precipitation extremes
Authors: Cao Dingrui , Tam Chi-Yung , Xu Kang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines the impacts of Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) El Niño on summertime extreme precipitation over East Asia during the El Niño decay phase. The findings reveal distinct patterns of extreme precipitation for the two El Niño types. During EP El Niño, more intense extreme precipitation occurs over south of the Yangtze River (SYR), while suppressed extremes are observed over Mei-Yu rainband in China, Baiu in Japan, and Changma in South Korea (MBC). Conversely, CP El Niño leads to weaker (stronger) extreme precipitation over SYR (MBC). This study also differentiates between tropical cyclone (TC) and non-TC related precipitation, showing that TCs have minimal influence on the overall extreme precipitation compared to non-TC related events. Further investigation reveals that EP and CP El Niño distinctly influence atmospheric circulation patterns, thereby causing different distributions of non-TC extreme precipitation. Specifically, during EP El Niño, sea surface temperature (SST) warming signals in the tropical Indian Ocean induce the southward displacement of the South Asia High (SAH), westerly jet (WJ), and Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). This amplifies moisture flux convergence, elevating the likelihood of intense extreme precipitation over SYR. Conversely, MBC experiences moisture flux divergence, resulting in fewer precipitation extremes. During CP El Niño, SST warming signals in the Maritime Continent prompt the northward shift of SAH, WJ, and WPSH by modulating local Hadley circulations. These anomalies lead to strengthened moisture convergence (divergence) over MBC (SYR), consequently resulting in a higher (lower) likelihood of intense extreme precipitation over MBC (SYR).
Long-term prognosis after stapled and hand-sewn ileal pouch–anal anastomoses for familial adenomatous polyposis: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Tatsuta Kyota , Sakata Mayu , Iwaizumi Moriya , Okamoto Kazuya , Yoshii Shigeto , Mori Masashi , Asaba Yutaro , Harada Takashi , Shimizu Mikihiro , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Takeuchi Hiroya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The long-term prognosis of stapled and hand-sewn ileal pouch–anal anastomoses in familial adenomatous polyposis patients in Japan remains unknown. This study aimed to compare the overall survival in familial adenomatous polyposis patients who underwent stapled or hand-sewn ileal pouch–anal anastomosis.

Methods
This multicenter retrospective study was conducted at 12 institutions in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The clinical outcomes of 53 eligible familial adenomatous polyposis patients who underwent stapled (n = 24) and hand-sewn (n = 29) ileal pouch–anal anastomosis were compared.

Results
The median follow-up duration was 171.5 months. The incidence of adenoma in the remnant rectum or anal transitional zone and metachronous rectal cancer was significantly more common in stapled ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (adenoma: stapled, 45.8%, vs. hand-sewn, 10.3%, p = 0.005; metachronous rectal cancer: 29.2%, vs. none, p = 0.002). The number of deaths was remarkably higher in stapled ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (p = 0.002). Metachronous rectal cancer was the most common cause of death. Overall survival was worse in stapled ileal pouch–anal anastomosis than in hand-sewn ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (120 months, 90.7% vs. 96.6%; 240 months, 63.7% vs. 96.6%; p = 0.044). Cox regression analysis revealed the independent effects of preoperative advanced colorectal cancer and stapled ileal pouch–anal anastomosis on overall survival.

Conclusion
Stapled ileal pouch–anal anastomosis negatively affected the overall survival of familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Therefore, hand-sewn ileal pouch–anal anastomosis is recommended for better prognosis in these patients.
Two-stage total joint replacement for hip or knee septic arthritis: post-traumatic etiology and difficult-to-treat infections predict poor outcomes
Authors: Russo Antonio , Migliorini Filippo , Giustra Fortunato , Bosco Francesco , Massè Alessandro , Burastero Giorgio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Septic arthritis (SA) is a rare but significant clinical challenge in orthopedics that can impact patients’ quality of life. This study aims to examine the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing two-stage total joint replacement (TJR) in hip and knee SA and analyze potential predictors of treatment failure.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from a prospectively collected institutional arthroplasty registry from January 1st, 2012, to January 1st, 2019. Patients with hip or knee SA who underwent a two-stage TJR and had at least two years of follow-up were included. Demographic characteristics, surgical variables, and outcomes were collected and analyzed from clinical and surgical data. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, with statistical significance at p < 0.05.

Results
One hundred and fourteen patients (61 with hip SA, 53 with knee SA) were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 72.8 months. Postoperatively, both clinical and functional outcomes significantly improved, as indicated by the Hip Society Score (HHS) and Knee Society Score (KSS). The overall success rate of the two-stage protocol was 89.5%. Complications that did not require revision occurred in 21% of cases. The most identified pathogen was methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Difficult-to-treat (DTT) infections and post-traumatic etiology were identified as predictors of treatment failure in patients undergoing two-stage TJR for hip and knee SA.

Conclusions
Two-stage TJR in hip and knee SA demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up. The procedure significantly improved functional scores and achieved a high success rate, while DTT infections and post-traumatic etiology were associated with a higher risk of treatment failure.
Assessment of PD-1 and PD-L1 tissue expression levels in lichen planus patients: a case–control study
Authors: Elmasry Maha Fathy , Mosaad Rana Ahmed , Azzam Omar Ahmed , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Fahim Aya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProgrammed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint protein, PD-1 interaction with PD ligand-1 (PD-L1) is essential for maintaining immunological tolerance. The study aimed to study and compare the levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in lesional and nonlesional skin of lichen planus (LP) patients and compare these levels to normal healthy controls to assess their role in the pathogenesis of LP. This case–control study involved 30 patients with LP and 30 healthy age-and sex-matched controls. After clinical assessment of the severity by LP severity index score (LPSI), skin biopsies were taken from lesional and nonlesional skin of LP patients and from normal skin in healthy controls for assessment of the tissue levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 by ELISA. The tissue levels of both PD-1 and PD-L1 were significantly higher in healthy controls than in both lesional and nonlesional skin of LP patients (P < 0.001). Also, significantly higher PD-l and PD-L1 levels in nonlesional skin than in lesional skin of LP patients were reported (P < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between lesional and nonlesional PD-1, PD-L1 levels, or LPSI score. Based on the fact that PD-1/PD-L1 interaction is important to maintain tolerance and protection against autoimmune diseases, in addition to our study results that revealed lower levels of PD-1/PD-L1 in LP skin than in healthy skin, we can conclude that PD-1/PDL-1 may be incriminated in the pathogenesis of LP. ClinicalTrials.govID: NCT04892381.
Retinal imaging for the assessment of stroke risk: a systematic review
Authors: Girach Zain , Sarian Arni , Maldonado-García Cynthia , Ravikumar Nishant , Sergouniotis Panagiotis I. , Rothwell Peter M. , Frangi Alejandro F. , Julian Thomas H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Retinal imaging allows non-invasive assessment of the microvasculature. Consequently, retinal imaging is a technology which is garnering increasing attention as a means of assessing cardiovascular health and stroke risk.

Methods
A biomedical literature search was performed to identify prospective studies that assess the role of retinal imaging derived biomarkers as indicators of stroke risk.

Results
Twenty-four studies were included in this systematic review. The available evidence suggests that wider retinal venules, lower fractal dimension, increased arteriolar tortuosity, presence of retinopathy, and presence of retinal emboli are associated with increased likelihood of stroke. There is weaker evidence to suggest that narrower arterioles and the presence of individual retinopathy traits such as microaneurysms and arteriovenous nicking indicate increased stroke risk. Our review identified three models utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms for the analysis of retinal images to predict stroke. Two of these focused on fundus photographs, whilst one also utilized optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology images. The constructed models performed similarly to conventional risk scores but did not significantly exceed their performance. Only two studies identified in this review used OCT imaging, despite the higher dimensionality of this data.

Conclusion
Whilst there is strong evidence that retinal imaging features can be used to indicate stroke risk, there is currently no predictive model which significantly outperforms conventional risk scores. To develop clinically useful tools, future research should focus on utilization of deep learning algorithms, validation in external cohorts, and analysis of OCT images.
Contact lens fitting and changes in the tear film dynamics: mathematical and computational models review
Authors: Ramasubramanian Darshan , Hernández-Verdejo José Luis , López-Alonso José Manuel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This review explores mathematical models, blinking characterization, and non-invasive techniques to enhance understanding and refine clinical interventions for ocular conditions, particularly for contact lens wear.

Methods
The review evaluates mathematical models in tear film dynamics and their limitations, discusses contact lens wear models, and highlights computational mechanical models. It also explores computational techniques, customization of models based on individual blinking dynamics, and non-invasive diagnostic tools like high-speed cameras and advanced imaging technologies.

Results
Mathematical models provide insights into tear film dynamics but face challenges due to simplifications. Contact lens wear models reveal complex ocular physiology and design aspects, aiding in lens development. Computational mechanical models explore eye biomechanics, often integrating tear film dynamics into a Multiphysics framework. While different computational techniques have their advantages and disadvantages, non-invasive tools like OCT and thermal imaging play a crucial role in customizing these Multiphysics models, particularly for contact lens wearers.

Conclusion
Recent advancements in mathematical modeling and non-invasive tools have revolutionized ocular health research, enabling personalized approaches. The review underscores the importance of interdisciplinary exploration in the Multiphysics approach involving tear film dynamics and biomechanics for contact lens wearers, promoting advancements in eye care and broader ocular health research.
Agricultural exposures and DNA damage in PBMC of female farmers measured using the alkaline comet assay
Authors: Evenden P. , Vandoolaeghe Q. , Lecluse Y. , Gac A. C. , Delépée R. , Weiswald L. B. , Boutet-Robinet E. , Boulanger M. , Bonassi S. , Lebailly P. , Meryet-Figuière M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
Several studies investigated the link between agricultural occupational exposures and DNA damage, in an attempt to bring elements of biological plausibility to the increased cancer risk associated with them. However, only a few of these studies focused on females.

Methods
The comet assay was performed on PBMC (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells) samples from 245 females working in open field farming and cattle raising, located in the Normandy area of France. Individual questionnaires on tasks performed were administered at the time of sampling to directly assess exposures. Environmental exposures were issued from a questionnaire assessing the farm productions. Linear regression analyses were done using the DNA damage scores.

Results
Regarding direct exposures, several tasks associated with exposure to potentially harmful chemicals were not associated with DNA damage, but a longer duration of use of herbicide on meadows (p = 0.05) or of cleaning and upkeep of agricultural equipment (p = 0.06) revealed higher DNA damage levels, although the number of exposed women was low. Several indirect and/or environmental exposures were associated with DNA damage in multivariate analyses: a larger surface of meadows (p = 0.006) or the presence of poultry (p = 0.03) was associated with less DNA damage, while the presence of swine (p = 0.01) was associated with higher DNA damage. Smokers and former smokers had less DNA damage than non-smokers (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.03).

Conclusions
We report modified levels of DNA damage for those environmentally exposed to meadows, poultry and pig farming, underlining the need for a better knowledge of the potential health risks experienced by females in this setting.
Meeting the 24-h movement recommendations and its relationship with Mediterranean dietary patterns in early childhood: the SENDO project
Authors: López-Gil José Francisco , Fabios Elise , Martín-Calvo Nerea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was twofold: (1) to assess the association between meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in early childhood and (2) to examine whether participants who meet all three 24-h movement recommendations have greater adherence to the individual MedDiet foods/components than those who do not meet these recommendations. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 822 participants from the Seguimiento del Niño para un DesarrolloÓptimo (SENDO) project (Pamplona, Spain). Physical activity was assessed through a questionnaire that covered 17 different types of activities. Screen time was assessed by averaging the daily hours spent on activities such as watching TV, using a computer, or playing video games. Sleep duration was determined by taking the average of sleep durations during both weekdays and weekends. Adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents (KIDMED). Greater odds of having an optimal adherence to the MedDiet were found for participants meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations (odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33–2.87, p = 0.001) in comparison with their counterparts not meeting these recommendations. Specifically, significant differences were found for “fruit or fruit juice every day” (p = 0.012), “second fruit every day” (p = 0.001), and “fresh or cooked vegetables regularly once a day” (p = 0.018) in relation to meeting all three 24-h movement recommendation status. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence of the potential importance of meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations to adopt a healthier eating pattern.

What is Known:• Only a limited number of studies have investigated the joint connection between the 24-h movement recommendations and dietary habits.• Integrating the 24-h movement recommendations with dietary recommendations could potentially yield greater effectiveness compared to promoting these recommendations independently within public health strategies.

What is New:• This is the first study in assessing the relationship between 24-h movement recommendations and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in early childhood.• These findings provide further evidence of the potential importance of meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations to adopt a healthier eating pattern.