bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning from the history of red shrimp fisheries in the Mediterranean to improve sustainability of deep-water bottom trawling
Authors: Fiorentino Fabio , Garofalo Germana , Bono Gioacchino , Vitale Sergio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As deep-water red shrimp (DWRS) trawl fisheries gain importance in the Mediterranean, their impact on fragile deep-sea ecosystems requires careful management. We reviewed the historical development of DWRS fisheries in the Mediterranean to propose a harvest strategy that would enhance fishery sustainability, while preserving habitat and community integrity. We considered two representative typologies of DWRS fisheries: a domestic fleet operating within the Italian territorial waters of the Ligurian Sea, and a distant fleet operating mostly in international waters of the central-eastern Mediterranean and sharing shrimp stocks with non-European countries. Our proposed management approach is based on three main harvesting measures: (i) preventing the uncontrolled growth in number of trawlers, (ii) adopting a catch control regime, and (iii) identifying a network of deep-water areas designated alternately for fishing and conservation purposes. As with fisheries in other regions, new fishing grounds should be explored using “encounter protocols” to avoid areas hosting species indicators of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. Additionally, empirical indicators such as catch rate thresholds derived from fishers’ experience, could be used to move from one fishing ground to another to avoid local depletion of DWRS abundance and a decrease in fishery profitability.
The Stieltjes–Fekete Problem and Degenerate Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Bertola Marco , Chavez-Heredia Eduardo , Grava Tamara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A result of Stieltjes famously relates the zeroes of the classical orthogonal polynomials with the configurations of points on the line that minimize a suitable energy with logarithmic interactions under an external field. The optimal configuration satisfies an algebraic set of equations: we call this set of algebraic equations the Stieltjes–Fekete problem. In this work we consider the Stieltjes-Fekete problem when the derivative of the external field is an arbitrary rational complex function. We show that, under assumption of genericity, its solutions are in one-to-one correspondence with the zeroes of certain non-hermitian orthogonal polynomials that satisfy an excess of orthogonality conditions and are thus termed “degenerate”. When the differential of the external field on the Riemann sphere is of degree $3$ our result reproduces Stieltjes’ original result and provides its direct generalization for higher degree after more than a century since the original result.
Linkage and F-Regularity of Determinantal Rings
Authors: Pandey Vaibhav , Tarasova Yevgeniya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we prove that the generic link of a generic determinantal ring defined by maximal minors is strongly $F$-regular. In the process, we strengthen a result of Chardin and Ulrich in the graded setting. They showed that the generic residual intersections of a complete intersection ring with rational singularities again have rational singularities. We show that if the said complete intersection is defined by homogeneous elements and is $F$-rational, then in fact, its generic residual intersections are strongly $F$-regular in positive prime characteristic. Hochster and Huneke showed that determinantal rings are strongly $F$-regular; however, their proof is quite involved. Our techniques allow us to give a new and simple proof of the strong $F$-regularity of determinantal rings defined by maximal minors.
Birational Transformations on Irreducible Compact Hermitian Symmetric Spaces
Authors: Ding Cong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We construct a sequence of explicit blow-ups and blow-downs on an irreducible compact Hermitian symmetric spaces $X$ which transforms it into a projective space of the same dimension. Moreover, this resolves a birational map given by Landsberg and Manivel. Centers of the blow-ups for $X$ are constructed by loci of chains of minimal rational curves and centers of the blow-ups for the projective space are constructed from the variety of minimal rational tangents of $X$ and its higher secant varieties. The result was known in the special case where $X$ is of rank 2 and could be found in Zak’s monograph “Tangents and secants of algebraic varieties.”
The Rise and Fall of Technological Leadership: General-Purpose Technology Diffusion and Economic Power Transitions
Authors: Ding Jeffrey 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
How do technological revolutions affect the rise and fall of great powers? Scholars have long observed that major technological breakthroughs disrupt economic power balances, yet they rarely investigate how this process occurs. Existing studies establish that a nation’s success in adapting to revolutionary technologies is determined by the fit between its institutions and the demands of these technologies. The standard explanation emphasizes institutions suited for monopolizing innovation in new, fast-growing industries (leading sectors). I outline an alternative pathway based on general-purpose technologies (GPTs), foundational advances that boost productivity only after an extended diffusion process across many sectors. Specifically, GPT diffusion demands institutional adaptations that widen the base of engineering skills associated with a GPT. To test this argument, I set the GPT mechanism against the leading-sector mechanism across three cases, which correspond to past industrial revolutions: Britain’s rise to preeminence in the early nineteenth century; the United States’s overtaking of Britain before World War I; Japan’s challenge to US technological dominance in the late twentieth century. The findings support a novel explanation for technology-driven power transitions, directly bearing on how emerging technologies like AI, which some regard as driving a fourth industrial revolution, could influence a possible US–China power transition.
VIM-type metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-encoding genomic islands in Pseudomonas spp. in Poland: predominance of clc-like integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs)
Authors: Urbanowicz P , Izdebski R , Biedrzycka M , Gniadkowski M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To characterize VIM-type metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-encoding genomic islands (GIs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. putida group isolates from Polish hospitals from 2001–2015/16.

Methods
Twelve P. aeruginosa and 20 P. putida group isolates producing VIM-like MBLs were selected from a large collection of these based on epidemiological and typing data. The organisms represented all major epidemic genotypes of these species spread in Poland with chromosomally located blaVIM gene-carrying integrons. The previously determined short-read sequences were complemented by long-read sequencing in this study. The comparative structural analysis of the GIs used a variety of bioinformatic tools.

Results
Thirty different GIs with blaVIM integrons were identified in the 32 isolates, of which 24 GIs from 26 isolates were integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) of the clc family. These in turn were dominated by 21 variants of the GI2/ICE6441 subfamily with a total of 19 VIM integrons, each inserted in the same position within the ICE’s Tn21-like transposon Tn4380. The three other ICEs formed a novel ICE6705 subfamily, lacking Tn4380 and having different VIM integrons located in another site of the elements. The remaining six non-ICE GIs represented miscellaneous structures. The presence of various integrons in the same ICE sublineage, and of the same integron in different GIs, indicated circulation and recombination of the integron-carrying genetic platforms across Pseudomonas species/genotypes.

Conclusions
Despite the general diversity of the blaVIM-carrying GIs in Pseudomonas spp. in Poland, a clear predominance of broadly spread and rapidly evolving clc-type ICEs was documented, confirming their significant role in antimicrobial resistance epidemiology.
Enhancing a multi-purpose artificial urine for culture and gene expression studies of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Rimbi Patricia T , O'Boyle Nicky , Douce Gillian R , Pizza Mariagrazia , Rosini Roberto , Roe Andrew J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
The main objective of this study was to modify a recently reported multi-purpose artificial urine (MP-AU) for culture and gene expression studies of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains.

Methods and results
We used liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify and adjust the metabolic profile of MP-AU closer to that of pooled human urine (PHU). Modification in this way facilitated growth of UPEC strains with growth rates similar to those obtained in PHU. Transcriptomic analysis of UPEC strains cultured in enhanced artificial urine (enhanced AU) and PHU showed that the gene expression profiles are similar, with &lt;7% of genes differentially expressed between the two conditions.

Conclusions
Enhancing an MP-AU with metabolites identified in PHU allows the enhanced AU to be used as a substitute for the culture and in vitro gene expression studies of UPEC strains.
Purity Assessment of Honey Based on Compound Specific Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios Obtained by LC-IRMS
Authors: Ulberth Franz , Aries Eric , De Rudder Oliver , Kaklamanos Georgios , Maquet Alain 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The use of stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of sugar fractions of honey is a powerful tool to detect adulteration with sugar syrups. This is accomplished by calculating differences of the δ13C values between individual honey saccharides and comparing them to published purity criteria. A liquid chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC-IRMS) method for the determination of δ13C values of sugars in honey was previously validated by an interlaboratory comparison, but no further guidance was given how to include the obtained precision figures of the compound-specific δ13C values in the purity assessment of honey.

Objective
To use existing data to estimate the standard deviation of the repeatability (sr) and reproducibility (sR) of differences (Δ δ13C) between the δ13C values of individual honey saccharides.

Methods
Previously published δ13C values were used to calculate differences (Δ δ13C values) between δ13C fructose—δ13C glucose, δ13C glucose—δ13C disaccharides, etc. in a honey sample; sr and sR of Δ δ13C values were calculated according to ISO 5725–2:2019.

Results
The Δ δ13C sr and sR values were essentially of the same magnitude as the sr and sR values of δ13C values of the sugar fractions. The precision of the Δ δ13C values was used to estimate the critical difference for comparing a test result with a reference value according to ISO 5725–6:1994. This varied between 0.26 and 1.10‰.

Conclusion
The estimated critical differences can be used to determine whether a honey test result complies with published Δ δ13C purity criteria.

Highlight
The proposed procedure will increase confidence in decisions based on compound-specific δ13C values regarding the conformity of honey with published purity criteria.
Development of an opportunistic diagnostic prediction algorithm for osteoporosis and fragility fracture risk estimates from forearm radiographs (The OFFER1 Study)
Authors: Meertens Robert , Lopez Ben , Crone Ben , Gundry Mike , Metcalfe-Smith Emma , Gibbard Warren , Jubb Thomas , Manning Fay , Scott Paul , McWilliam Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Osteoporosis and associated fractures are an increasingly prevalent concern with an ageing population. This study reports testing of IBEX Bone Health (IBEX BH) software, applied following acquisition of forearm radiographs. IBEX Bone Health analyses the radiograph to measure areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the examination site. A non-randomized cross-sectional study design was performed involving 261 (254 after exclusions) participants (112/142 m/f; mean age 70.8 years (SD+/–9.0); 53 with osteoporosis). They underwent posterior–anterior distal forearm radiographs; dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the wrists, hips, and lumbar spine; and questionnaires exploring clinical risk factors. IBEX Bone Health automatically identifies regions of interest (ROI) at the ultra-distal (UD) and distal third (TD) regions of the radius. Analysis investigated area under the receiver operating characteristics curve performance of IBEX BH for prediction of (i) osteoporosis (based on clinical reporting of the hip and spine DXA) and (ii) treatment recommendations by Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) inclusive of neck of femur (NoF) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) results following National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) guidelines. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for osteoporosis prediction at the UD and TD ROIs were 0.86 (99% confidence interval (CI) [0.80, 0.91]) and 0.81 (99% CI [0.75, 0.88]), respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for treatment recommendation using FRAX inclusive of NoF aBMD at the UD and TD ROIs were 0.95 (99% CI [0.91, 1.00]) and 0.97 (99% CI [0.93,1.00]), respectively. With a matched sensitivity to FRAX (without NoF aBMD) 0.93 (99% CI [0.78, 0.99]), IBEX BH predicted at the UD and TD ROIs recommended treatment outcomes by NOGG guidelines using FRAX (with NoF aBMD) with specificity 0.89 (99% CI 0.83, 0.94]) and 0.93 (99% CI [0.87, 0.97]), respectively. This is compared with 0.60 (99% CI [0.51, 0.69]) for FRAX (without NoF aBMD). Results demonstrate the potential clinical utility of IBEX BH as an opportunistic screening tool.
Catastrophic complications of a robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with a barbed suture: ischaemic bowel
Authors: Pajtak Renata , Ibraheem Christian , Mori Krinal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with barbed sutures has become increasingly utilized due to known benefits of minimally invasive surgery. It is equally as important to recognize the unusual life-threatening complications which may arise in patients presenting with an acute abdomen up to several weeks post-robotic surgery. A 54-year-old woman presented with acute, sudden onset abdominal pain and underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected small bowel ischemia. The procedure progressed to an open laparotomy where it was found that a V-Loc suture placed during robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy several weeks prior was causing strangulation of the small bowel. Following resection and side-to-side anastomosis the patient spent several days in the intensive care unit and developed a post-operative ileus, however, was eventually discharged home. When evaluating the acute abdomen in the context of recent robotic surgery, ischaemic bowel must be considered as a complication.
Pseudoaneurysm of cystic artery stump after laparoscopic cholecystectomy managed successfully with branch hepatic artery embolization using jail technique
Authors: Anns Khizer Masroor , Khan Faheemullah , Aman Muhammad , Shahid Jehanzeb , Haq Tanveer U I , Memon Wasim Ahmad , Saeed Muhammad Arif , Khalid Amna , Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed Khabab , Akram Saba 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An unusual manifestation caused by cholecystitis, infection, or iatrogenic damage after cholecystectomy is a pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery. We report this rare illness in a 64-year-old man who visited the emergency room with hematemesis and anemia. The patient initially experienced acute cholecystitis and then underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy following which he developed a cystic artery pseudoaneurysm, secondary to infected fluid collection. Based on the patient’s history and contrast-enhanced computer tomography abdomen, a diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery was made. Angioembolization of the hepatic artery branch was performed to occlude the pseudoaneurysm.
Correction of a congenital kyphoscoliosis associated with diastematomyelia
Authors: Abdaliyev Seidali , Yestay Daniyar , Baitov Daulet 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Congenital scoliosis is one of the most common deformities of the spine in children. Intraspinal anomalies are always accompanied with congenital scoliosis. Diastematomyelia is one of the most common intraspinal pathologies in congenital scoliosis. To date, there is no standard method for correcting the congenital spinal deformity associated with diastematomyelia. We present a clinical case of simultaneous correction of congenital scoliosis by an internal corrector with excision of diastematomyelia. The patient tolerated the surgery well without any complications. She was discharged home with improved symptoms without need for additional therapy. The patient’s guardians consented to the procedure and to the publication of her image.
Survival throughout the annual cycle of first year Canada Jays in the context of sibling competition, expulsion, and adoption
Authors: Fuirst Matthew , Strickland Dan , Freeman Nikole E , Sutton Alex O , Graham Brendan A , Burg Theresa , Norris D Ryan 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
For most birds that exhibit delayed dispersal (remaining on the natal territory rather than dispersing to seek a breeding opportunity), siblings appear free to stay or leave the natal area. However, in rare cases, delaying dispersal is determined via conflict among siblings, with the dominant individual remaining on the natal territory. We used radio-tracking to examine brood reduction, and subsequent juvenile survival, of first-year Canada Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Soon after juveniles become nutritionally independent, intra-brood struggles lead to one “dominant juvenile” remaining on the natal territory after permanently expelling the subordinate siblings (“ejectees”). Males in above-average condition when nestlings were the most likely to become the dominant juveniles and females did so only when broods were all-female at the time of the expulsion. Dominant juveniles were much more likely to survive their first summer compared to ejectees (survival probabilities = 0.84 and 0.45, respectively), suggesting that ejectees are especially vulnerable to mortality risk in the critical interval between their expulsion from the natal territory and their settlement on a new territory. However, if ejectees lived to autumn, they had only a slightly lower probability of first-winter survival (0.73) than dominant juveniles (0.85). These results suggest that the survival advantage gained by dominant juveniles is greatest during the first summer after hatching, with a much smaller difference over the first winter after ejectees have settled on non-natal territories. Our work provides insight into potential evolutionary and ecological mechanisms driving social dominance hierarchies in wild birds.
The OsEIL1–OsWOX11 transcription factor module controls rice crown root development in response to soil compaction
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Wang Juan , Gao Yadi , Pandey Bipin K , Peralta Ogorek Lucas León , Zhao Yu , Quan Ruidang , Zhao Zihan , Jiang Lei , Huang Rongfeng , Qin Hua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Optimizing the root architecture of crops is an effective strategy for improving crop yields. Soil compaction is a serious global problem that limits crop productivity by restricting root growth, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we show that ethylene stimulates rice (Oryza sativa) crown root development in response to soil compaction. First, we demonstrate that compacted soil promotes ethylene production and the accumulation of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 (OsEIL1) in rice roots, stimulating crown root primordia initiation and development, thereby increasing crown root number in lower stem nodes. Through transcriptome profiling and molecular analyses, we reveal that OsEIL1 directly activates the expression of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 11 (OsWOX11), an activator of crown root emergence and growth, and that OsWOX11 mutations delay crown root development, thus impairing the plant's response to ethylene and soil compaction. Genetic analysis demonstrates that OsWOX11 functions downstream of OsEIL1. In summary, our results demonstrate that the OsEIL1–OsWOX11 module regulates ethylene action during crown root development in response to soil compaction, providing a strategy for the genetic modification of crop root architecture and grain agronomic traits.
JASMONATE ZIM-domain protein 3 regulates photomorphogenesis and thermomorphogenesis through inhibiting PIF4 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Huai Junling , Gao Nan , Yao Yuanyuan , Du Yanxin , Guo Qiang , Lin Rongcheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Light and temperature are 2 major environmental factors that affect the growth and development of plants during their life cycle. Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to adapt to varying external environments. Here, we show that JASMONATE ZIM-domain protein 3 (JAZ3), a jasmonic acid signaling component, acts as a factor to integrate light and temperature in regulating seedling morphogenesis. JAZ3 overexpression transgenic lines display short hypocotyls under red, far-red, and blue light and warm temperature (28 °C) conditions compared to the wild type in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We show that JAZ3 interacts with the transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4). Interestingly, JAZ3 spontaneously undergoes liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro and in vivo and promotes LLPS formation of PIF4. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses indicate that JAZ3 regulates the expression of genes involved in many biological processes, such as response to auxin, auxin-activated signaling pathway, regulation of growth, and response to red light. Finally, JAZ3 inhibits the transcriptional activation activity and binding ability of PIF4. Collectively, our study reveals a function and molecular mechanism of JAZ3 in regulating plant growth in response to environmental factors such as light and temperature.
The Effects of Violence against U.S. Officeholders
Authors: Herrick Rebekah , Thomas Sue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Using an original 2021 survey of mayors in U.S. mayors in cities of 10,000 in population and above, we explore the individual costs of psychological and physical violence. These costs include emotional distress, diverted attention from the job, and considerations about leaving the job. Overall, we find that 95 percent of mayors faced violence in office. Among those who did, the more violence reported, the more likely they were to have faced such costs. Further, those mayors (mostly women) who faced sexualized violence were more likely to have reported those effects. All told, violence against officeholders has individual effects as well as systemic ones. If violence keeps mayors from being able to do their job fully or causes them to leave it, the political costs may be quite grave in terms of losing experienced representatives—and it may also have disparate effects on particular groups of officeholders, such as women.