bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment: a model for predicting cross‐species transmission of simian foamy virus from macaques (M. fascicularis) to humans at a monkey temple in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Engel Gregory , Hungerford Laura L. , Jones‐Engel Lisa , Travis Dominic , Eberle Richard , Fuentes Agustin , Grant Richard , Kyes Randall , Schillaci Michael ,   and the Macaque Risk Analysis Workshop Group
Published: August 2006

AbstractContact between humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) frequently occurs at monkey temples (religious sites that have become associated with free‐ranging populations of NHPs) in Asia, creating the potential for NHP–human disease transmission. In March 2003 a multidisciplinary panel of experts participated in a workshop designed to model the risk of NHP–human pathogen transmission. The panel developed a risk assessment model to describe the likelihood of cross‐species transmission of simian foamy virus (SFV) from temple macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to visitors at monkey temples. SFV is an enzootic simian retrovirus that has been shown to be transmitted from NHPs to humans. In operationalizing the model field data, laboratory data and expert opinions were used to estimate the likelihood of SFV transmission within this context. This model sets the stage for a discussion about modeling as a risk assessment tool and the kinds of data that are required to accurately predict transmission. Am. J. Primatol. 68:934–948, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flughafen München Terminal 2 – Optimierung der Glas‐Doppelfassade und des Glasdaches
Authors: Rühle Thomas , Hadlich‐Maerz Kerstin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractZur Optimierung des architektonischen Konzeptes des Flughafens München Terminal 2 wurden dynamische Simulationsrechnungen durchgeführt. Auf diese Weise konnten die verschiedenen Anforderungen an die Architektur, die bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften, das Raumklima und den Energiebedarf abgestimmt und in Einklang gebracht werden. Der Vergleich unterschiedlicher Ausführungen der Doppelfassade ermöglichte unter anderem eine optimale Steuerung der Doppelfassade (Lüftungsklappen, Sonnenschutz). Mit Hilfe von Tageslichtsimulationen konnte eine Dachvariante ermittelt werden, die die Anforderungen an eine natürliche Belichtung erfüllt und gleichzeitig Beeinträchtigungen durch Blendung vermeidet.
The utilization of renewable resources in German industrial production
Authors: Busch Rainer , Hirth Thomas , Liese Andreas , Nordhoff Stefan , Puls Jürgen , Pulz Otto , Sell Dieter , Syldatk Christoph , Ulber Roland 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRenewable resources will be an increasingly important issue for the chemical industry in the future. In the context of white biotechnology, they represent the intersection point of agriculture and the chemical industry. The scarcity and related increase in the price of fossil resources make renewable resources an interesting alternative. If one considers the production of bulk chemicals, it is evident that for this area besides the C sources, sugar and starch, new sources of raw materials must be opened up. One possible solution is to utilize lignocellulose both for materials and energy. This article discusses this interesting prospective for the future, particularly from the point of view of the German industry.
Propagation of plant viruses in hairy root cultures: A potential method for in vitro production of epitope vaccines and foreign proteins
Authors: Shadwick Fiona S. , Doran Pauline M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHairy roots were used as an in vitro culture system for the propagation of wild‐type and transgenic plant viruses. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was added to the liquid culture medium at the same time as root inoculation. Hairy root growth was unaffected by viral infection. Maximum concentrations of TMV in Nicotiana benthamiana hairy roots were 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than in suspended N. benthamiana cells and reached levels of 1–2 mg g−1 dry weight or 20–28% total soluble protein. Virus accumulated in the roots initially with a constant doubling time of about 1.0 day; subsequent reductions in viral growth rate were correlated with a significant decline in infectivity relative to the inoculum virus. The morphological integrity of the viral particles was maintained during propagation in hairy roots. The contribution to the overall viral titer of passive association of virus with the biomass, for example, by surface adsorption, was negligible compared with active viral replication. N. benthamiana hairy roots were also infected with a TMV‐based viral vector developed to express green fluorescent protein (GFP). This vector was about 260‐fold less infectious than wild‐type TMV and accumulated much more slowly in the roots. Maximum levels of TMV‐GFP in the biomass were about 65‐fold lower than for TMV. This work demonstrates that hairy root cultures are a feasible means for in vitro propagation of wild‐type and transgenic plant viruses under conditions that allow a high degree of environmental containment and control. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 570–583. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactivity of Intein Thioesters: Appending a Functional Group to a Protein
Authors: Kalia Jeet , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe success of genome sequencing has heightened the demand for new means to manipulate proteins. An especially desirable goal is the ability to modify a target protein at a specific site with a functional group of orthogonal reactivity. Here, we achieve that goal by exploiting the intrinsic electrophilicity of the thioester intermediate formed during intein‐mediated protein splicing. Detailed kinetic analyses of the reaction of nitrogen nucleophiles with a chromogenic small‐molecule thioester revealed that the α‐hydrazino acetyl group was the optimal nucleophile for attacking a thioester at neutral pH to form a stable linkage. A bifunctional reagent bearing an α‐hydrazino acetamido and azido group was synthesized in high overall yield. This reagent was used to attack the thioester linkage between a target protein and intein, and thereby append an azido group to the target protein in a single step. The azido protein retained full biological activity. Furthermore, its azido group was available for chemical modification by Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Thus, the mechanism of intein‐mediated protein splicing provides the means to install a useful functional group at a specific site—the C terminus—of virtually any protein.
Use of Taxus polymer‐coated paclitaxel‐eluting stents for treatment of in‐stent restenosis in real world patients: Results of clinical and angiographic follow‐up at six months in a single‐center registry
Authors: Lim Victor Y. , Buellesfeld Lutz , Gerckens Ulrich , Mueller Ralf , Schmidt Thomas , Grube Eberhard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Taxus paclitaxel‐eluting stents in a real world group of unselected patients with coronary in‐stent restenosis (ISR) lesions. Methods: This is a prospective single‐center registry of a consecutive series of 94 patients with 104 ISR lesions, without previous brachytherapy, over a period of 1 year. Quantitative coronary angiographic analyses were performed at baseline and at 6‐month angiographic follow‐up. Clinical follow‐up were obtained at 6 months. Results:Pre‐intervention mean reference vessel diameter was 2.62 ± 0.50 mm and mean lesion length was 13.95 ± 6.78 mm. Baseline ISR patterns were mostly either Type I focal (32.7%) or Type II diffuse intrastent (48.1%). At 6‐month angiographic follow‐up, the in‐stent and in‐segment binary restenosis was 3.8% (4/105) and 7.6% (8/105) respectively, and the in‐stent and in‐segment late loss was 0.30 ± 0.50 mm and 0.57 ± 0.54 mm, respectively. Seven of these eight restenosed lesions had a diffuse or proliferative ISR pattern prior to intervention. Lesions that restenosed had longer mean stent length per lesion (37.3 mm vs. 22.5 mm in nonrestenosed group; P = 0.001) and more likely to have had a pattern of total occlusion pre‐intervention (25.0% vs. 3.1% in nonrestenosed group; P = 0.046). At 6‐month clinical follow‐up, the MACE rate was 8.5% and target lesion revascularization rate was 7.4%. There was no death but subacute stent thrombosis occurred in 1 patient (1.1%) at 3 days after intervention. Conclusions: Paclitaxel‐eluting Taxus stent for the treatment of ISR effectively suppresses recurrent neointimal proliferation, and was safe and efficacious at 6‐month follow‐up. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymptotic speeds of spread and traveling waves for monotone semiflows with applications
Authors: Liang Xing , Zhao Xiao‐Qiang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe theory of asymptotic speeds of spread and monotone traveling waves is established for a class of monotone discrete and continuous‐time semiflows and is applied to a functional differential equation with diffusion, a time‐delayed lattice population model and a reaction‐diffusion equation in an infinite cylinder. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new carrier grade aggregation network model for delivering broadband services to fast moving users
Authors: De Greve F. , Van Quickenborne F. , De Turck F. , Moerman I. , Demeester P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this article, we present the research challenges that are associated with designing a cost‐effective network architecture for delivering broadband services to fast moving users (e.g. in trains). We specifically extended the standard Switched Ethernet technology towards a truly Carrier Grade network solution for fast moving users. Prototype implementations allow us to evaluate dynamic tunnel setup mechanisms and to prove that fast Ethernet recovery is feasible by extending the existing spanning tree mechanisms. For architectures with multiple spanning trees the problem arises as to how the spanning trees have to be configured. Therefore, we propose time‐efficient algorithms which solve the problem of aggregating paths into a minimal set of spanning trees. In the performance evaluation section, we compare vulnerable centralized backup systems to systems relying on distributed spanning tree‐based recovery and it is shown that the former require more spanning tree instances to be configured than the latter for the same set of backup paths. The presented methods and results show that Ethernet technologies are well suited for building flexible and robust network solutions that can support fast moving users. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Küttner's tumor of the submandibular glands: Report of five cases with fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Kaba Sadayuki , Kojima Masaru , Matsuda Hazuki , Sugihara Shiro , Masawa Nobuhide , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Fukuda Toshio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractKüttner's tumor (KT) is a benign tumor‐like lesion of the salivary gland that mimics neoplasm clinically because of presentation as a hard mass. Recently, the histomorphological and immunohistochemical findings of this lesion have been analyzed, and differential diagnostic problems relating to salivary gland lymphoma have been discussed. However, currently there is little information on the cytological findings of those lesions. We present cytological findings from five such cases using fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). FNAC of this lesion may present a diagnostic challenge to the cytologist as lesions share some cytologic features with inflammatory process containing numerous lymphoid cells. Smears obtained from two cases contained moderate to large numbers of lymphoid cells without definite cytological atypia, scattered ductal structures, and acinar cell clusters. The remaining three cases showed low cellularity probably attributable to fibrosis that made it difficult to aspirate the cellular element. FNAC findings of scattered ductal structures surrounded by collagens and infiltrated by a mixed population of lymphoid cells, not specific for KT, are highly suggestive of the diagnosis with the appropriate clinical findings. However, a portion of cytological specimens of KT containing relatively large numbers of lymphoid cells should be differentiated from malignant lymphoma arising from the submandibular gland. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:631–635. © 2006 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Cytological identification of metastatic epithelial nephroblastoma in pleural fluid: Report of a case and review of literature
Authors: Schinstine Malcolm , Abati Andrea , Tsokos Maria , Fox Elizabeth , Filie Armando C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) is the most common childhood renal tumor and usually presents with a histology and cytology consisting of blastemal, epithelial, and stromal cells. Effusions are not uncommon and may suggest an unfavorable prognosis when containing anaplastic tumor cells. In the present case, we report the cytological appearance of a Wilms' tumor metastatic to the pleura. The effusion consisted primarily of tumor cells demonstrating epithelial differentiation. The tumor cells mostly presented as three‐dimensional aggregates in an inflammatory background. Many cystic and tubular structures were identified. The tumor cells demonstrated strong CD56 and WT1 immunoreactivity. The histology of a subsequent surgical specimen reflected the features seen in cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:621–625. © 2006 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Generation of a conditional null allele of jumonji
Authors: Mysliwiec Matthew R. , Chen Junqin , Powers Patricia A. , Bartley Christopher R. , Schneider Michael D. , Lee Youngsook 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe jumonji (jmj) gene plays important roles in multiple organ development in mouse, including cardiovascular development. Since JMJ is expressed widely during mouse development, it is essential that conditional knockout approaches be employed to ablate JMJ in a tissue‐specific manner to identify the cell lineage specific roles of JMJ. In this report, we describe the establishment of a jmj conditional null allele in mice by generating a loxP‐flanked (floxed) jmj allele, which allows the in vivo ablation of jmj via Cre recombinase‐mediated deletion. Gene targeting was used to introduce loxP sites flanking exon 3 of the jmj allele to mouse embryonic stem cells. Our results indicate that the jmj floxed allele converts to a null allele in a heart‐specific manner when embryos homozygous for the floxed jmj allele and carrying the α‐myosin heavy chain promoter‐Cre transgene were analyzed by Southern and Northern blot analyses. Therefore, this mouse line harboring the conditional jmj null allele will provide a valuable tool for deciphering the tissue and cell lineage specific roles of JMJ. genesis 44:407–411, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interventions for promoting the initiation of breastfeeding
Authors: Dyson L , McCormick F , Renfrew MJ 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundDespite the widely documented health benefits of breastfeeding, initiation rates remain relatively low in many high‐income countries, particularly among women in lower income groups.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of interventions which aim to encourage women to breastfeed in terms of changes in the number of women who start to breastfeed.Search strategyWe searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register (30 May 2004), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2003) and the following databases from inception to October 2002: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, Applied Social Sciences, PsychLIT, EMBASE, British Nursing Index, BIDS, EPI‐centre. We also searched the following in October 2002 for 'grey literature: 'SIGLE, DHSS Data, and Dissertation Abstracts. We handsearched the Journal of Human Lactation, Health Promotion International and Health Education Quarterly from inception to October 1998. We scanned reference lists of all articles obtained.Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials, with or without blinding, of any breastfeeding promotion intervention in any population group except women and infants with a specific health problem.Data collection and analysisOne review author independently extracted data and assessed trial quality for checking by a second author. We contacted investigators to obtain missing information.Main resultsSeven trials involving 1388 women were included. Five trials involving 582 women on low incomes in the USA showed breastfeeding education had a significant effect on increasing initiation rates compared to routine care (relative risk (RR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25 to 1.88).Authors' conclusionsEvidence from this review shows that the forms of breastfeeding education evaluated were effective at increasing breastfeeding initiation rates among women on low incomes in the USA.Plain language summaryForms of breastfeeding education evaluated are effective at increasing breastfeeding initiation rates among women on low incomes in the USABreastfeeding is widely known to be good for both the baby's and the mother's health. Despite this, many women choose not to breastfeed their baby, especially women living in countries or communities where breastfeeding is not common. This review aims to assess which breastfeeding promotion programmes are successful at increasing the numbers of women who start to breastfeed. Five programmes were found to show overall success at increasing the number of poorer women in the USA who started to breastfeed their baby. Copyright © 2006 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of ‘Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children’
Authors: Milne Andrea 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Bloomfield P, Hodson EM, Craig JC. Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD003772. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003772.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Expert Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Offringa Martin , Kremer Leontien 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Cools F, Offringa M. Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD002773. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002773.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Expert Commentary articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Offringa Martin , Kremer Leontien 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue, first published as: Smith S, Demicheli V, Di Pietrantonj C, Harnden AR, Jefferson T, Matheson NJ, Rivetti A. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004879. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004879.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Expert Commentary articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children’, with responses from the review authors and from the editors of Evidence‐Based Child Health
Authors: Booy Robert 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Smith S, Demicheli V, Di Pietrantonj C, Harnden AR, Jefferson T, Matheson NJ, Rivetti A. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004879. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004879.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of an elliptic‐function bandpass filter using microstrip spiral resonators
Authors: Kawaguchi Tamio , Ma Zhewang , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a new equivalent circuit representation for the electromagnetic field coupling between distributed‐line resonators is discussed. Based on this circuit, the coupling coefficient is defined. In this definition, the coupling coefficient between resonators takes a positive, negative, or zero value. Hence, this equivalent circuit representation is useful in the design of multipole filters with poles in the stopband, in which positive and negative coupling are needed. Based on this definition, the design of an elliptic function four‐pole bandpass filter is carried out with the Sonnet em simulator and the effectiveness of the approach is discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(9): 1–10, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20252
Depth from defocus by zooming using thin lens‐based zoom model
Authors: Baba Masashi , Oda Ai , Asada Naoki , Yamashita Hideo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn past depth from zoom methods, the pinhole camera model has been used, and the depth has been measured by moving the pinhole position by zooming. This paper describes a method of estimating the depth from the change of blur depending on the zoom shift, in the same way as in the depth from focus/iris methods, where the depth is estimated from the change of blur. As the first step, a thin lens‐based zoom model is discussed, which describes in a unified way the relations among the zoom, focus, and iris of the zoom lens systems. In the proposed camera model, the effective focal length and the effective lens diameter are functions of the zoom, focus, and iris. The blur model is derived from these relations. Then, a method is described in which the depth is measured from the width of the edge blur. The experiment using a real image shows that it is possible to measure the depth stably from multizoom blur images. Lastly, we present an example in which the depth information obtained by the proposed method is applied to image synthesis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(9): 53–62, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20300
Synthesis of New Camptothecin Analogues with the E‐Lactone Ring Replaced by α,β‐Cyclohexenone
Authors: Bacherikov Valeriy A. , Tsai Tsong‐Jen , Chang Jang‐Yang , Chou Ting‐Chao , Lee Rong‐Zau , Su Tsann‐Long 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe total synthesis of racemic camptothecin analogues 12a and 12b, in which the E‐lactone ring has been replaced by an α,β‐cyclohexenone ring and the ethyl and hydroxy substituents have been retained, was achieved by first preparing the ABCD fragments 31a and 31b, which were then converted into the tetracyclic triol 36a and 36b by osmium‐mediated dihydroxylation. Compounds 36a and 36b were oxidized in one‐pot reactions, followed by intramolecular aldol condensation to furnish the desired pentacyclic 12a and 12b, which retained topoisomerase I inhibitory activity and exhibited cytotoxicity to tumor cell growth in culture.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)