bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The moderating and mediating role of group identification in observers' reactions to intragroup disrespect
Authors: Okimoto Tyler G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe current research examines observer reactions to disrespectful treatment of another ingroup member by an ingroup authority. In an empirical study which identifies both the moderating and mediating role of group identification in tandem, specifically with regard to the observed intragroup disrespect, relational motives appeared to underlie subsequent observer evaluations of the group as a whole. Respondents' pre‐transgression identification with the group in which the injustice occurred moderated reactions to intragroup disrespect; only when group members identified strongly with the group did they react to more severe disrespect with worse evaluations. Group identification also mediated the impact of disrespect on subsequent reactions toward the group. Additionally, the relationship between observed disrespect severity and post‐transgression identification with the group was further mediated by perceptions of membership value in the group. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Losing more than gaining from overall stable prices: the differential perception of increasing versus decreasing prices made the Euro look like a price booster
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias , Greifeneder Rainer 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe present research examined whether price trend misperceptions can be explained by the differential perception of increasing versus decreasing prices. We expected price increases (losses to consumers) to be perceived as being more intense than price decreases (gains to consumers) of the same magnitude. This tendency, in turn, should be positively associated with how people perceive the overall price trend. To test this reasoning, participants in the first two studies were asked to compare German Mark (DM) and Euro prices. First, participants received a menu containing 21 dishes with DM prices, and their price trend expectations were assessed. Then, participants indicated for each dish to what extent the price had changed. Finally, participants' overall price trend judgments were assessed. In both studies, results indicate that price trend judgments were biased toward rising prices. In addition, price increases were perceived as rising more than price decreases of the same magnitude were perceived as falling. This tendency was positively associated with overall price trend judgments, even after controlling for expectations. Study 3 was to replicate these findings in a different domain to demonstrate the general nature and impact of the hypothesized effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of the tetrabromide method of estimating linoleic acid in fatty acid mixtures
Authors: White Mary F. , Brown J. B. 
Published: November 2007

Summary

When linoleic acid is brominated in cold petroleum ether, the yield of insoluble tetrabromides is empirical; it is affected by the composition of the petroleum ether and by the amounts of linoleic acid and of other fatty acids which may be in a given mixture.

The tetrabromide number of pure linoleic acid ranges from 103.7 when a 2‐gram sample is brominated to practically zero with 10 mg. of the acid.

Data are presented describing the tetrabromide yields of linoleic acid alone and in various mixtures with oleic acid, when brominated at the 2.0‐, 1.0‐, and 0.5‐g. levels of sample. From these data curves can be drawn by which it is possible to ascertain by interpolation the per cent of linoleic acid in a mixture.

Seventeen concentrates of linoleic acid from corn oil, safflower oil, and butter fat have been assayed from the curves, and the results compared with values calculated from the iodine number.

Several linoleic acid concentrates from corn oil were shown to contain appreciable amounts of isomeric dienoic acids.

Examination of two linoleic acid concentrates from butter fat shows for the first time the indubitable presence of linoleic acid in this fat.
Continuous vacuum bleaching of vegetable oils
Authors: King R. R. , Wharton F. W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA continuous vacuum bleaching process which has been in operation on a plant scale for eight years is described, and plant scale results are compared with atmospheric batch bleaching. Advantages of the continuous vacuum bleaching process are shown to be greater color reduction, better stability against oxidation, no free fatty acid rise, greater reduction in soap content, use of less adsorbent, less subsequent catalyst poisoning in hydrogenation, and better flavor stability of subsequently deodorized oils.No comparison between batch vacuum and continucus vacuum bleaching is presented, but the probable advantages of the continuous process are deducted.
Deodorizer catch basin sludges and the metallic soaps found therein
Authors: Gulino E. A. , Newby Wales 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA method of determining and recovering the metallic soaps present in deodorizer catch basin sludges has been described. It is based on the apparent low solubility of calcium and iron soaps in a commercial solvent known as Skellysolve‐F. Using the method evolved, six samples representing material from four refineries were examined. It was found that the metallic soaps varied all the way from 0.51% to 28.02%. The recovered soaps were analyzed for both mineral and fatty acid content. In five of the six soaps examined above 90% of the metal present was found to be calcium, but in one sample about 27% of the metal was iron. In all cases, less than the theoretical amount of fatty acid was obtained from the soaps and the loss was attributed to solubility of some of the acids in water. The fatty acids obtained by hydrolysis of the soaps were all much more saturated than would be predicted from the iodine values of the sludge oils from which they were formed. It is postulated that the free fatty acids found in deodorizer distillates are disproportionally more saturated than are the combined fatty acids. In the course of other work the free fatty acid contents of the various sludges examined were determined. They were found to run usually from 9.5% to 19.9% although one sample ran 53.7%.
The determination of the rate of extraction of crude lipids from oil seeds with solvents
Authors: Wingard M. R. , Shand W. C. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTwo basic methods have been presented for measuring the rate of extraction of crude lipids from “oil”‐bearing materials with solvent. In the Percolation Method the extraction is carried out by percolating fresh solvent through the sample and measuring the “oil” recovered at succeeding time intervals. In the Batch Co‐current Method samples of miscella are withdrawn periodically from an agitated batch of known quantities of oil‐seed and solvent and analyzed for lipids to check the progress of the extraction.These methods have been used successfully in the Blaw‐Knox laboratories over the last four years in making studies of factors influencing equipment design and plant operation as well as fundamental studies contributing to a general understanding of extraction. Some of the “oil”‐bearing materials which have been studied using these methods include: soybeans, cottonseed, peanuts, flaxseed, corn germ, castor beans, wheat germ, rice bran, mowrah seeds, tung nuts, grain sorghum, and various expeller and press cakes. Special studies include methods of preparation, temperature effect, moisture content, nature of solvent, varieties of seed, and particle size.
Fixed oils of Mexico. II. Caoba (Swietenia macrophylla kina)
Authors: Munguia Rodolfo Ruiz , Millares Ricardo , Gurley N. F. , Lloyd W. R. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe physical and chemical characteristics of the oil of the caoba seed (S. macrophylla Kina) have been reported. The composition of the oil has been calculated.
Fixed oils of Mexico. III. Habilla de san ignacio (Hura polyandra Baill)
Authors: Munguia Rodolfo Ruiz , Millares Ricardo , Gurley N. F. , LLoyd W. R. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe physical and chemical characteristics of the oil of the seed of habilla de San Ignacio (Hura polyandra, Baill.) have been reported.The composition of the oil has been calculated.
Modification of the laboratory centrifuge method for the determination of refining loss of soybean oil
Authors: Johnson J. F. , Bauer S. T. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA centrifugal method is presented for the determination of refining loss of extracted soybean oils, entailing modifications of a procedure first introduced by the Swift and Company Research Laboratories and later improved by the Regional Soybean Laboratory. The method using glass cups in the International Centrifuge permits speed and accuracy in the laboratory refining of extracted soybean oils.
The flavor problem of soybean oil. V. Some considerations in the use of metal scavengers in commercial operations
Authors: Dutton H. J. , Schwab A. W. , Moser Helen A. , Cowan J. C. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryCitric acid and sorbitol were tested on a commercial scale and their use was found to improve the oxidative and flavor stability of soybean oil.The optimal concentration for the addition of citric acid and sorbitol is of the order of 0.01%, 0.001% being insufficient, and 0.1% giving no significant increase in flavor stability over 0.01%.Heating is not necessary for the activation of citric acid; however, it is advantageous to add the citric acid at the beginning of the deodorization in commercial operations because of the protection imparted to the oils during deodorization. Since citric acid is destroyed during deodorization, it appears desirable, on the basis of laboratory experiments, to introduce additional citric acid during the cooling phase of deodorization.Phosphatides added to the deodorizer increase the oxidative and flavor stability of soybean oil and counteract the pro‐oxidant effect of added iron. Phosphatides are thus considered to comprise a fat‐soluble form of phosphoric acid and to perform the function of a metal scavenger. The value of the second degumming step of the German process is dubious. In neither the laboratory experiments nor in a commercial run were the differences due to this operation found to be significant.
Predictors and Outcome of Readmission after Laparoscopic Intestinal Surgery
Authors: O’Brien David Patrick , Senagore Anthony , Merlino James , Brady Karen , Delaney Conor 
Published: November 2007

Erratum to: World J Surg DOI 10.1007/s00268‐007‐9236‐7The original version of this article, published online on September 25, 2007 and in print in the November 2007 issue (vol 31/no 11, pp 2138–2143), did not include the full list of authors’ names. The correct list of authors and their affiliations are shown below.The article is reprinted in its entirety.AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have failed to identify predictors of early readmission after major intestinal operations. The objectives of this study were to determine readmission rates, outcomes, and predictors of readmission for patients undergoing laparoscopic colon and rectal operations.MethodsPatients readmitted (PR) to the hospital within 30 days of discharge after laparoscopic colon and rectal operations were identified from a prospectively maintained database. The PR group was compared with patients that were not readmitted (NR). Outcomes and variables related to readmission were evaluated.ResultsThere were 820 consecutive elective laparoscopic colon and rectal operations performed over a 5‐year period, with adequate follow‐up data for 787 cases. Seventy‐nine (10%) patients were readmitted. There was no difference in the age, sex, surgeon, or type of operation between the PR and NR groups. The most common causes for readmission were bowel obstruction (19%), ileus (18%), intra‐abdominal abscess (14%), and anastomotic leak (9%). Overall mean (median) length of stay (LOS) for the index admission was 3.7 ± 4.3 (3.0) days. Patients in the PR group had a trend toward a longer index admission LOS than the NR group (5.4 ± 8.8 [3.0] versus 3.5 ± 3.3 [3.0], p = 0.068). Univariate analysis demonstrated that patients with inflammatory bowel disease, pulmonary comorbidities, and steroid use were more likely to be readmitted. Multivariate analysis confirmed that inflammatory bowel disease and pulmonary comorbidity are independent risk factors for readmission.ConclusionsEarly readmission after laparoscopic colon and rectal operations is not associated with early discharge. Identification of specific patient characteristics indicating risk for early readmission may allow for selective changes in perioperative care or discharge criteria to avoid unexpected readmission.
Automatic synchronization and distribution of biological databases and software over low-bandwidth networks among developing countries
Authors: Sangket Unitsa , Phongdara Amornrat , Chotigeat Wilaiwan , Nathan Darran , Kim Woo-Yeon , Bhak Jong , Ngamphiw Chumpol , Tongsima Sissades , Khan Asif M. , Lin Honghuang , Tan Tin Wee 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Summary: Bioinformatics involves the collection, organization and analysis of large amounts of biological data, using networks of computers and databases. Developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region are just moving into this new field of information-based biotechnology. However, the computational infrastructure and network bandwidths available in these countries are still at a basic level compared to that in developed countries. In this study, we assessed the utility of a BitTorrent-based Peer-to-Peer (btP2P) file distribution model for automatic synchronization and distribution of large amounts of biological data among developing countries. The initial country-level nodes in the Asia-Pacific region comprised Thailand, Korea and Singapore. The results showed a significant improvement in download performance using btP2P—three times faster overall download performance than conventional File Transfer Protocol (FTP). This study demonstrated the reliability of btP2P in the dissemination of continuously growing multi-gigabyte biological databases across the three Asia-Pacific countries. The download performance for btP2P can be further improved by including more nodes from other countries into the network. This suggests that the btP2P technology is appropriate for automatic synchronization and distribution of biological databases and software over low-bandwidth networks among developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
Availability: http://everest.bic.nus.edu.sg/p2p/
Contact: usangket@yahoo.com
Identification of phylogenetically conserved microRNA cis-regulatory elements across 12 Drosophila species
Authors: Wang Xiaowo , Gu Jin , Zhang Michael Q. , Li Yanda 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Motivation: MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous small RNAs that play regulatory roles. Intergenic miRNAs are believed to be transcribed independently, but the transcriptional control of these crucial regulators is still poorly understood.
Results: In this work, phylogenetic footprinting is used to identify conserved cis-regulatory elements (CCEs) surrounding intergenic miRNAs in Drosophila. With a two-step strategy that takes advantage of both alignment-based and motif-based methods, we identified CCEs that are conserved across the 12 fly species. When compared with TRANSFAC database, these CCEs are significantly enriched in known transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). Moreover, several TFs that play essential roles in Drosophila development (e.g. Adf-1, Abd-B, Sd, Prd, Ubx, Zen and En) are found to be preferentially regulating the miRNA genes. Further analysis revealed many over-represented cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) composed of multiple known TFBSs, motif pairs with significant distance constraints and a number of novel motifs, many of which preferentially occur near the transcription start site of protein-coding genes. Additionally, a number of putative miRNA-TF regulatory feedback loops were also detected.
Availability: Supplementary Material and the Perl scripts performing two-step phylogenetic footprinting are available at http://bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/member/xwwang/mircisreg
Contact: daulyd@tsinghua.edu.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Genome scale enzyme–metabolite and drug–target interaction predictions using the signature molecular descriptor
Authors: Faulon Jean-Loup , Misra Milind , Martin Shawn , Sale Ken , Sapra Rajat 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Motivation: Identifying protein enzymatic or pharmacological activities are important areas of research in biology and chemistry. Biological and chemical databases are increasingly being populated with linkages between protein sequences and chemical structures. There is now sufficient information to apply machine-learning techniques to predict interactions between chemicals and proteins at a genome scale. Current machine-learning techniques use as input either protein sequences and structures or chemical information. We propose here a method to infer protein–chemical interactions using heterogeneous input consisting of both protein sequence and chemical information.
Results: Our method relies on expressing proteins and chemicals with a common cheminformatics representation. We demonstrate our approach by predicting whether proteins can catalyze reactions not present in training sets. We also predict whether a given drug can bind a target, in the absence of prior binding information for that drug and target. Such predictions cannot be made with current machine-learning techniques requiring binding information for individual reactions or individual targets.
Availability and Contact: For questions, paper reprints, please contact Jean-Loup Faulon at jfaulon@sandia.gov. Additional information on the signature molecular descriptor and codes can be downloaded at: http://www.cs.sandia.gov/~jfaulon/publication-signature.html
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
What do faculty and students really think about e‐books?
Authors: Rowlands Ian , Nicholas David , Jamali Hamid R. , Huntington Paul 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to report on a large‐scale survey that was carried out to assess academic users' awareness, perceptions and existing levels of use of e‐books. The survey also seeks to find out about the purposes to which electronic books were put, and to obtain an understanding of the most effective library marketing and communication channels.Design/methodology/approachAn e‐mail invitation to participate in the survey was distributed to all UCL staff and students (approximately 27,000) in November 2006, and 1,818 completions were received, an effective response rate of at least 6.7 per cent. Statistical analyses were carried out on the data using Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).FindingsThe survey findings point to various ways in which user uptake and acceptance of e‐books may be encouraged. Book discovery behaviour, a key issue for publishers and librarians in both print and electronic environments, emerges as a critical focus for service delivery and enhancement.Originality/valueThe survey is part of an action research project, CIBER's SuperBook, that will further investigate the issues raised in this initial benchmarking survey using deep log analysis and qualitative methods. The paper partly fills the gap in the literature on e‐books which has mainly focused on usage and not the users.
Integration of the research library service into the editorial process
Authors: Brown Deborah , Leith Dean 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review and outline changing paradigms in information management in the context of the modern media organisation and to realign and decentralise library services according to such paradigms.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology was to review literature and international best practice in newsroom library, research and reference services and apply results to a restructuring process whereby librarians were “embedded” into newsroom operations.FindingsThe new “embedded” structure resulted in librarians playing a more active role in the editorial process, and establishing closer, more collaborative, relationships with library clients. Six months after the restructure, a 15 per cent increase in research and reference work was recorded with a corresponding enhancement in the profile of the library service.Practical implicationsOpportunities emerged to use the restructure as a chance to re‐brand the library and, when publicising the changes to users, to increase the library's client base by marketing to staff previously unaware of library services.Originality/valueThe paper applies a range of trends in traditional information management literature and practice to the specific context of the newspaper newsroom, accounts of which have not hitherto been reported.
MPs online: an evaluative study of MPs' use of web sites
Authors: Goodchild Lauren , Oppenheim Charles , Cleeve Marigold 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the content and usability of a sample of 50 UK MPs' web sites.Design/methodology/approachScore sheets were developed for the evaluation of web sites based on an extensive review of the relevant literature. In addition, a questionnaire was sent to all MPs who had a web site at the time of the research.FindingsThe web sites in general scored poorly in terms of content and usability. Liberal Democrats' web sites scored the highest overall. The main reason why MPs set up web sites was to improve communications with their constituents. However, many MPs had problems finding the time and funds to set up and maintain their web sites. There is a growing interest in interactive web sites.Research limitations/implicationsNot every MP's web site was evaluated, nor was every MP approached regarding their attitude to web sites.Practical implicationsA series of recommendations on how MPs can improve their web sites is provided. It is clear that MPs' web sites are a long way from being ideal. Funding issues need to be addressed.Originality/valueThis is the latest such survey for a number of years.
Incorporating data literacy into undergraduate information literacy programs in the social sciences
Authors: Stephenson Elizabeth , Schifter Caravello Patti 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the confluence of data literacy with information literacy in an experimental one‐unit course taught in the UCLA Department of Sociology, and present the literature on, rationale for, and future of integrating these interrelated literacies into social science courses.Design/methodology/approachThe course was co‐taught twice by a librarian and a data archivist using a syllabus and assignments that reflect sociological research problems and tools and information literacy competencies in the social sciences.FindingsThe need for information and data skills in sociology is well‐established, and their integration into a sociology course (rather than in a stand‐alone information literacy course) would produce more opportunities for students to apply what they learn and for the instructors to assess learning in the context of doing sociology coursework.Research limitations/implicationsThe class sizes were too small for full‐scale assessment and pre‐tests/post‐tests were not given. Assessment of student learning was based on work produced in and outside class and on course evaluations.Practical implicationsIt is suggested that librarians and data archivists work with faculty to innovate curricular approaches based on recommendations and outcomes in key documents on learning sociology from professional library and sociology organizations. Attaching the lab to an existing course and promoting the data literacy modules for faculty to adopt in other courses are also suggested.Originality/valueThis paper invites social science librarians to examine the value to students and faculty of collaboration with professional data services staff to teach and merge information and data literacy within the social sciences curricula.