bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphics abstraction model for SEICAD
Authors: Matsuo Masanobu , Kondo Ikuo , Tsunoda Shinji 
Published: September 2007

The data abstraction approach to design of a Graphics Abstraction Model (GAM) for 3D solid objects and 2D picture views is described. The main idea is to represent graphical objects including instances of certain views by abstraction data types and data abstraction models using functional dependencies, which basically use the algebraic approach.
Compound objects constructed by several ACTION operations (ASSEMBLE, UNION, etc.) on primitive 3D entities can be handled as compound entities. Points, lines, and faces are defined as data abstractions. General drawing facilities such as points, lines and faces also can be used by commands under 3D coordinates data.
Computing Gröbner bases of ideals of few points in high dimensions
Authors: Just Winfried , Stigler Brandilyn 
Published: September 2007

A contemporary and exciting application of Gröbner bases is their use in computational biology, particularly in the reverse engineering of gene regulatory networks from experimental data. In this setting, the data are typically limited to tens of points, while the number of genes or variables is potentially in the thousands. As such data sets vastly underdetermine the biological network, many models may fit the same data and reverse engineering programs often require the use of methods for choosing parsimonious models. Gröbner bases have recently been employed as a selection tool for polynomial dynamical systems that are characterized by maps in a vector space over a finite field.While there are numerous existing algorithms to compute Gröbner bases, to date none has been specifically designed to cope with large numbers of variables and few distinct data points. In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing Gröbner bases of zero-dimensional ideals that is optimized for the case when the numbermof points is much smaller than the numbernof indeterminates. The algorithm identifies those variables that areessential, that is, in the support of the standard monomials associated to a polynomial ideal, and computes the relations in the Gröbner basis in terms of these variables. Whennis much larger thanm, the complexity is dominated bynm3. The algorithm has been implemented and tested in the computer algebra systemMacaulay 2. We provide a comparison of its performance to the Buchberger-Möller algorithm, as built into the system.
Code quality tools
Authors: Krishnan R , Krishna S Murali , Bharill Nishil 
Published: September 2007

In this paper we share some of our experiences relating to tools used in coding phase. We primarily focus our discussion on two topics, namely UT (Unit Testing) and Memory related errors.
Unit Testing (UT) [1] is a critical early-phase verification activity that ensures the quality of the product soon after the code is ready. Newer paradigms of software development like Extreme Programming [7] have a strong focus on UT. However, UT is very effort-intensive as it involves test harness development and repetitive execution. In Motorola software Group, we evaluated a set of commercial tools and selected a tool for use in our projects. In this paper, we will share the evaluation criteria, which was identified for the tool selection and the various technical challenges encountered in adopting a UT tool solution in a heterogeneous environment along with the associated learning. One of the major challenges encountered, was arriving to a consensus on definition of term 'Unit'. The other issues included handling of complex data structures, event driven code, integration with development environment etc.
One of the major categories of errors introduced and found in coding phase relates to memory. As these errors may have security implications, leaving them undetected might be a big risk. For trapping memory related errors, a framework to categorize these errors was created along with the associated code samples. In this paper, two types of memory related errors will be discussed, namely memory leak and buffer overflow. This memory related errors can be exploited to compromise the security of the system. This paper also discusses the causes, types and impact of buffer overflows, as well as the precautions to be taken to prevent buffer overflows.
STEM
Authors: Ansari Furquan , Sathyanath Ajay 
Published: September 2007

In the current TCP/IP inter-networking architecture, a transport layer connection or session is uniquely identified by the underlying 5-tuple information, viz. {Src IP, Src Port, Dest IP, Dest Port, Protocol}. This strong coupling between the session and the end-point attributes implies that any change to one or more of the elements in this 5-tuple invariably leads to session failure. We present an architecture (STEM) that decouples this strong association to enable seamless migration of active transport sessions across IP addresses and interfaces. We achieve this migration by directly communicating between the peers and dynamically updating the 5-tuple elements associated with the session. The migration is done in a transparent, simple and secure way.
Our architecture enables new and exciting applications such as fault-tolerant transport sessions (e.g. in BGP) and end-host mobility in the absence of mobile IP infrastructure. Although STEM can be used as an alternative to mobile IP, the two may co-exist as well, if desired. The novelty of this architecture is that it does not require any modifications to standard protocols or applications. In other words, no changes are needed to the finite state machine or protocol messages. We present an implementation of the STEM architecture and validate it by means of experimental results.
Bubblestorm
Authors: Terpstra Wesley W. , Kangasharju Jussi , Leng Christof , Buchmann Alejandro P. 
Published: September 2007

Peer-to-peer systems promise inexpensive scalability, adaptability, and robustness. Thus, they are an attractive platform for file sharing, distributed wikis, and search engines. These applications often store weakly structured data, requiring sophisticated search algorithms. To simplify the search problem, most scalable algorithms introduce structure to the network. However, churn or violent disruption may break this structure, compromising search guarantees.
This paper proposes a simple probabilistic search system, BubbleStorm, built on random multigraphs. Our primary contribution is a flexible and reliable strategy for performing exhaustive search. BubbleStorm also exploits the heterogeneous bandwidth of peers. However, we sacrifice some of this bandwidth for high parallelism and low latency. The provided search guarantees are tunable, with success probability adjustable well into the realm of reliable systems.
For validation, we simulate a network with one million low-end peers and show BubbleStorm handles up to 90% simultaneous peer departure and 50% simultaneous crash.
Serpin Peptidase Inhibitor Clade A Member 1 as a Potential Marker for Malignancy in Insulinomas
Authors: de Sá Sandra Valéria , Corrêa-Giannella Maria Lúcia , Machado Márcio Carlos , Krogh Karin , de Almeida Madson Queiroz , Albergaria Pereira Maria Adelaide , Coelho Siqueira Sheila Aparecida , Patzina Rosely Antunes , Ibuki Felícia Satie , Sogayar Mari Cleide , Machado Marcel Cerqueira César , Giannella-Neto Daniel 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Purpose: The biological behavior of insulinomas cannot be predicted based on histopathologic criteria in which the diagnosis of malignancy is confirmed by the presence of metastases. In this study, microarray and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR were applied to identify differentially expressed genes between malignant and nonmalignant insulinomas to search for useful biomarkers to recognize the metastatic potential of insulinomas.
Experimental Design: CodeLink human bioarrays were used to analyze differences in ∼20,000 genes between six well-differentiated endocrine tumors of benign behavior compared with one well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma (WDEC) and three metastases of endocrine carcinomas (MEC). Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to validate differential expressions of five genes in a series of 35 sporadic insulinomas. Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (SERPINA1; α-1-antitrypsin) expression, identified as up-regulated in malignant insulinomas, was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry.
Results: Analysis of microarray data resulted in 230 differentially expressed genes. Gene Ontology analysis identified serine-type endopeptidase activity and serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity as pathways presenting significant differential expression. Protease serine 2 and complement factor B (from serine-type endopeptidase activity pathway) were respectively confirmed as up-regulated in well-differentiated endocrine tumors of benign behavior (WDET) and in WDEC/MEC. Angiotensinogen and SERPINA1 (from serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity pathway) were confirmed as up-regulated in WDEC/MEC. SERPINA1 was shown to be expressed in 85.7% of malignant versus 14.3% of nonmalignant insulinomas by immunohistochemistry.
Conclusions: Our data are consistent to the possibility that SERPINA1 is a marker of malignancy in insulinomas. Given the widespread availability of antibody anti-α-1-antitrypsin in pathology services, SERPINA1 expression evaluation might be of clinical utility in recognizing patients more likely to develop an aggressive presentation.
Genetically Targeted T Cells Eradicate Systemic Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Xenografts
Authors: Brentjens Renier J. , Santos Elmer , Nikhamin Yan , Yeh Raymond , Matsushita Maiko , La Perle Krista , Quintás-Cardama Alfonso , Larson Steven M. , Sadelain Michel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurpose: Human T cells targeted to the B cell–specific CD19 antigen through retroviral-mediated transfer of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), termed 19z1, have shown significant but partial in vivo antitumor efficacy in a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)-Beige systemic human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (NALM-6) tumor model. Here, we investigate the etiologies of treatment failure in this model and design approaches to enhance the efficacy of this adoptive strategy.Experimental Design: A panel of modified CD19-targeted CARs designed to deliver combined activating and costimulatory signals to the T cell was generated and tested in vitro to identify an optimal second-generation CAR. Antitumor efficacy of T cells expressing this optimal costimulatory CAR, 19-28z, was analyzed in mice bearing systemic costimulatory ligand-deficient NALM-6 tumors.Results: Expression of the 19-28z CAR, containing the signaling domain of the CD28 receptor, enhanced systemic T-cell antitumor activity when compared with 19z1 in treated mice. A treatment schedule of 4 weekly T-cell injections, designed to prolong in vivo T-cell function, further improved long-term survival. Bioluminescent imaging of tumor in treated mice failed to identify a conserved site of tumor relapse, consistent with successful homing by tumor-specific T cells to systemic sites of tumor involvement.Conclusions: Both in vivo costimulation and repeated administration enhance eradication of systemic tumor by genetically targeted T cells. The finding that modifications in CAR design as well as T-cell dosing allowed for the complete eradication of systemic disease affects the design of clinical trials using this treatment strategy.
Platelets Take Up the Monoclonal Antibody Bevacizumab
Authors: Verheul Henk M.W. , Lolkema Martijn P.J. , Qian David Z. , Hilkes Yvonne H.A. , Liapi Eleni , Akkerman Jan-Willem N. , Pili Roberto , Voest Emile E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurpose: One of the key factors that promotes angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Platelets are the main source of VEGF in blood and contribute to angiogenesis by release of growth factors, including VEGF, from their α-granules on activation. The monoclonal antibody bevacizumab blocks VEGF in the blood of patients within hours after administration. Platelets are known to endocytose plasma proteins including immunoglobulins. We tested the hypothesis that platelets take up bevacizumab.Experimental Design: Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, immunofluorescence imaging, and Western blotting were used to study uptake and release of bevacizumab by platelets in vitro and in vivo. The angiogenic activity of platelets preincubated with bevacizumab was studied in endothelial proliferation assays. Finally, we determined whether treatment with bevacizumab neutralizes VEGF in platelets from cancer patients.Results: We found that platelets are able to take up bevacizumab. Activation of platelets preincubated with bevacizumab resulted in release of the antibody and release of VEGF neutralized by bevacizumab. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that FITC-labeled bevacizumab and P-selectin colocalize, indicating α-granule localization. In addition, bevacizumab uptake inhibited platelet-induced human endothelial cell proliferation. In in vivo rabbit experiments, FITC-labeled bevacizumab was present in platelets after 2 h and up to 2 weeks following i.v. administration. Finally, we found that platelets take up bevacizumab in patients receiving bevacizumab treatment. Within 8 h after bevacizumab administration, platelet VEGF was almost completely neutralized due to this uptake.Conclusion: These studies show that bevacizumab is taken up by platelets and may explain its clinical effect on wound healing and tumor growth.
STS and the City
Authors: Coutard Olivier , Guy Simon 
Published: September 2007

Many recent studies on network technologies and cities share an alarmist view of the impact of technological or regulatory change in utility sectors on the social and spatial fabric of cities, pointing to growing discrimination and inequalities, alienation, enhanced social exclusion and urban “splintering” on a universal scale. A science and technology study (STS) perspective on these matters is helpful in moving beyond this “universal alarmism” by emphasizing the ambivalence inherent to all technologies, the significant potential of contestation of, and resistance, to technology-supported forms of discrimination, and the deeply contingent nature of the process of appropriation of new technologies and, as a consequence, of the social “effects” of technologies. Adopting this perspective would mean actively searching for and exploring these context-dependent and often conflictive appropriation processes. For it is in these spaces that we might begin to identify urban technological politics that break free from an intellectually and politically disabling technological pessimism.
Evaluation of the design and reliability of three elastomeric and one mechanical infusers
Authors: Ackermann Monique , Maier Stéphanie , Ing Ho , Bonnabry Pascal 
Published: September 2007

Background. Disposable elastomeric and mechanical (spring mechanism) infusers with pre-fixed flow rates are principally used for long-term antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, antiviral therapy, and chronic pain management. Methods. Three elastomeric pumps and one mechanical infuser pump are evaluated. The design and function are assessed using specific questionnaires elaborated for the pharmaceutical staff, nurses and patients, respectively. Several tests are performed to determine the flow accuracy and the influence of different parameters such as the temperature, the viscosity, the height, and the restrictor variability. Results. The functional tests show that the perfusion duration is shorter than that specified by the manufacturers, the restrictors are not homogeneous within a batch. However, the temperature of the regulator, the viscosity of the solution, and the height of the reservoir influence the flow rate. Conclusions. The ideal infuser should be small, light, unnoticeable, easy to fill, well identified and have a flow rate barely affected by external factors. None of the infusers has fulfilled all criteria, therefore the choice of infusers depends upon the nature of the treatment. The tested elastomeric infusers are adequate for 5-fluorouracil, but not for a treatment requiring a stable administration rate.
Low-molecular-weight heparin in cancer-associated thrombosis: treatment, secondary prevention, and survival
Authors: Nishioka Jennifer , Goodin Susan 
Published: September 2007

Objectives. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs more frequently in cancer patients than in non-cancer patients and outcomes are poor in patients with both cancer and thrombosis. Patients with cancer who develop thrombosis are more likely to experience a recurrence of VTE and have increased bleeding complications while receiving oral anticoagulant treatment. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the causes and outcomes of thrombosis in cancer patients, the limitations of warfarin therapy, the guidelines and data for the use of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) in the treatment and secondary prevention of thrombosis in cancer patients, and emerging data regarding survival with the use of LMWH in cancer patients. Methods. Literature for this paper has been collected using multiple sources, including primary, secondary, and tertiary references. Online searches have been conducted utilizing the PubMed and OVID databases, and abstracts from the Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting and Exhibition. The following key terms were used in the search: cancer, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, anticoagulation, LMWHs, guidelines, survival, cost. Results. The long-term use of LMWHs in the settings of cancer and thrombosis are supported by recent clinical trial evidence that demonstrate their equivalent safety and improved efficacy when compared to oral anticoagulants resulting in their inclusion in current guidelines. Finally, newer studies offer further evidence of improved outcomes with dalteparin and nadroparin, including possible survival benefits. Conclusions. Treatment with LMWHs has been shown to be more effective than warfarin in the extended treatment of VTE in patients with cancer and is safe in this setting. Use of a LMWH for at least the first 3–6 months of long-term treatment is now considered the standard of care for patients with cancer and is recommended in numerous guidelines. Additionally, further evaluation of the survival benefits of LMWH in cancer patients is warranted.
Long-term stability of sodium folinate in dextrose 5% polyolefin bags at 4°C
Authors: Cadrobbi Julie , Hecq Jean-Daniel , Vanbeckbergen Danielle , Jamart Jacques , Galanti Laurence 
Published: September 2007

Objectives. Preparation of intravenous solutions in advance could be an efficient approach to improve quality assurance, security, time management, and cost saving of drug provision. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stability of sodium folinate solutions at 3.2 mg mL-1 in 5% dextrose polyolefin bags at 48C. The purpose of this paper is to investigate least 30 days at 4°C, where lower confidence limits of the stability of sodium folinate solutions the results value remain above 90% of the initial conat 3.2 mg mL-1 in 5% dextrose polyolefin bags centration. During this stability period, the pH values at 4°C. of infusions have been observed to decrease slightly Methods. The stability of five polyolefin bags of solution containing approximately 3.2 mg mL-1 of sodium folinate in 5% dextrose prepared under aseptic conditions and stored at 48C have been studied over 30 days. Sodium folinate concentrations have been measured by highperformance liquid chromatography and the results have been analysed by regression analysis. Solutions have been visually inspected and pH measured. Results. No colour change or precipitation occurred in the preparations. Based on a shelf-life of 90% residual potency, sodium folinate solutions have been observed to be stable for a period of at least 30 days at 48C, where lower confidence limits of the results value remain above 90% of the initial concentration. During this stability period, the pH values of infusions have been observed to decrease slightly without affecting chromatographic parameters. Conclusion. Within these limits, sodium folinate in 5% dextrose infusion may be prepared and stored in advance by a centralized intravenous admixture service.
Invasive and noninvasive methods for studying pulmonary function in mice
Authors: Glaab Thomas , Taube Christian , Braun Armin , Mitzner Wayne 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The widespread use of genetically altered mouse models of experimental asthma has stimulated the development of lung function techniques in vivo to characterize the functional results of genetic manipulations. Here, we describe various classical and recent methods of measuring airway responsiveness in vivo including both invasive methodologies in anesthetized, intubated mice (repetitive/non-repetitive assessment of pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn); measurement of low-frequency forced oscillations (LFOT)) and noninvasive technologies in conscious animals (head-out body plethysmography; barometric whole-body plethysmography). Outlined are the technical principles, validation and applications as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each methodology. Reviewed is the current set of invasive and noninvasive methods of measuring murine pulmonary function, with particular emphasis on practical considerations that should be considered when applying them for phenotyping in the laboratory mouse.