bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Very Early Soft X-Ray Plateau of GRB 230307A: Signature of an Evolving Radiative Efficiency in Magnetar Wind Dissipation?
Authors: Zhong Shu-Qing , Li Long , Xiao Di , Sun Hui , Zhang Bin-Bin , Dai Zi-Gao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Very recently, a particularly long gamma-ray burst (GRB) 230307A was reported and proposed to originate from a compact binary merger based on its host galaxy property, kilonova, and heavy elements. More intriguingly, a very early plateau followed by a rapid decline in the soft X-ray band was detected in its light curve by the Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy, indicating strong evidence of the existence of a magnetar as the merger product. This Letter explores the magnetar wind internal gradual magnetic dissipation model, in which the radiative efficiency evolves over time, and successfully fits it to the observed data. Our results reinforce the notion that the X-ray plateau serves as a powerful indicator of a magnetar and imply that an evolving efficiency is likely to be a common feature in X-ray plateaus of GRB afterglows. In addition, we also discuss the explanations for the prompt emission, GRB afterglows, as well as kilonova, and predict possible kilonova afterglows in a magnetar central engine.
Mercury’s Lobate Scarps Reveal that Polygonal Impact Craters Form on Contractional Structures
Authors: Beddingfield Chloe B. , Crane Kelsey , Klimczak Christian , Cartwright Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Analysis of polygonal impact craters (PICs) can be used to investigate the presence and orientations of subtle and/or buried faults and fractures across the solar system that may otherwise be unobservable in spacecraft images. Although this technique has been vetted for the analysis of extensional structures, no previous work has investigated if PICs also form on contractional thrust faults. This determination, which we investigated in this work, is critical for accurate tectonic setting interpretations from PICs. Mercury shows an abundance of thrust-fault-related landforms, making it an ideal laboratory to perform this investigation. In this work, we found that Mercury’s thrust faults, and their overlying folds and fractures, cause some complex craters ∼20 km or larger to form PICs. However, in most cases, craters form as circular impact craters on these structures. When PIC straight rim segments do form, they parallel the lobate scarp thrust faults and fold hinges. Some PICs likely formed as a result of an impact’s interaction with the thrust fault itself, while others may have interacted with fold hinge joints. The parallel relationship between PICs and shortening structures is consistent with the well-established relationship between PICs and extensional structures. Therefore, in addition to extensional fractures, contractional features should also be taken into consideration when utilizing PICs to interpret tectonic settings on bodies across the solar system.
The State and Aluminium in France, 19th-21st Centuries
Authors: Mioche Philippe , Renaux Thierry 
Published: February 2024

L’histoire de l’aluminium est intimement liée à la France. Le minerai d’aluminium, la bauxite, tire son nom du village méridional des Baux-de-Provence. Le premier procédé de production du métal a été mis au point par le chimiste français Henri Sainte-Claire Deville en 1854, tandis que le procédé de production d’aluminium par électrolyse - encore utilisé de nos jours - est le résultat de travaux de l’inventeur français Paul Héroult (et, indépendamment et simultanément, de l’Américain Charles Martin Hall). Jusqu’en 1890, la seule production régulière d’aluminium est française. Pechiney, une des entreprises historiques majeures du secteur, a eu une longévité exceptionnelle dans la production d’aluminium, a traversé le XX e siècle - ses conflits, ses changements nationaux et internationaux, etc. - et a été un acteur de tout premier plan quant aux questions technologiques. Une communication de Philippe Mioche et Thierry Renaux, en forme de prolégomènes, se proposait de poser quelques jalons sur les liens entre l’aluminium, son industrie et l’État en France. Les deux articles suivants portent sur deux périodes de cette longue histoire. Le premier est consacré au « premier âge de l’aluminium » quand ce métal était rare et semi-précieux (1854-1890), le second à la période 1945-2020, des Trente Glorieuses aux restructurations contemporaines et profondes d’une industrie mondialisée.
Participation des acteurs, pratiques de chercheurs
Authors: Morgny Cynthia , Schepens Florent , Sposito-Tourier Maylis 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : L’activité professionnelle représente une injonction à participer au collectif et alimente notre identité. En être privé peut engendrer une exclusion sociale. En parallèle, l’injonction à l’autonomie est prégnante dans notre société. La personne en situation de handicap peut souffrir d’une stigmatisation sociale et se trouver en tension entre handicap/autonomie/travail. Le travail est alors essentiel pour s’identifier comme un travailleur et non comme une personne dépendante. But de l’étude : La recherche participative présentée poursuit un double objectif : donner la parole à une population stigmatisée – les travailleurs handicapés – et à leurs proches ; comprendre et analyser avec eux les stratégies utilisées pour pouvoir travailler ou se maintenir en emploi et les répercussions de celles-ci sur la santé au travail et le rapport aux risques. Résultats : Les échanges entre le groupe de pairs et l’équipe scientifique ont permis d’affiner les questionnements initiaux, de reformuler des analyses, de modifier des supports de communication, pour les rendre plus acceptables et accessibles. Cette démarche participative a modifié nos pratiques de chercheurs en permettant aux personnes concernées par la recherche d’en devenir des acteurs. Conclusion : Pour des populations subissant une domination symbolique, la recherche participative permet de redonner confiance aux personnes et légitimité aux savoirs expérientiels.
Rôle de la nutrition dans la prévention des maladies chroniques. Un enjeu de santé publique
Authors: Touvier Mathilde 
Published: February 2024

Au cours d’une vie, nous ingérons environ 30 tonnes d’aliments et 50 000 litres de boissons. Les études épidémiologiques, expérimentales et cliniques publiées ces cinquante dernières années ont permis de lever en partie le voile sur l’impact de ces aliments sur notre santé. La nutrition est aujourd’hui reconnue comme l’un des principaux facteurs modifiables intervenant dans le déterminisme des maladies les plus répandues dans le monde industrialisé (obésité, cancers, maladies cardiovasculaires, diabète). Cette leçon inaugurale présente l'état de l’art en matière de relations nutrition-santé, ainsi que les recommandations actuelles pour la prévention nutritionnelle des maladies chroniques.
Une réforme sans heurt ? Le chapitre cathédral Saint-Étienne de Limoges de 817 à l’an Mil
Authors: Massoni Anne 
Published: February 2024

Le chapitre cathédral de Limoges présente un observatoire intéressant pour examiner l’impact local de la réglementation élaborée par Louis le Pieux lors du concile d’Aix de 816. Son histoire est documentée par 54 actes du cartulaire donnés entre 817 et 988. Après avoir examiné ce corpus d’actes, les relations entre les chanoines et l’évêque et les traits de la gestion du patrimoine, le propos vise à montrer que cette communauté est bien attestée au ixe siècle, avec l’ensemble de ses dignitaires. Il est difficile de savoir combien de chanoines composaient le chapitre, mais il est certain que le recrutement se faisait en grande partie dans l’aristocratie régionale. La vie commune y était présente au moins par le partage de repas mais on ne sait si les habitations étaient individuelles ou communes. Les contours de la vie canoniale sont donc précisés, au sein de ce groupe de clercs desservant l’église-mère, sans qu’il soit réellement possible de dire si celle-là procéda des réformes de 816 ou si elle était un prolongement de coutumes antérieures. En tout cas, la réforme ne semble pas avoir provoqué de changement majeur. Le thème de la vie commune n’est pas alors un sujet polémique et aucun délitement d’aucune sorte ne s’observe au cours du xe siècle.
L’insoutenable légèreté d’être moine : introspection et réforme individuelle dans l’Œuvre de Smaragde et le Chronicon de Saint-Mihiel (ixe-xie siècle)
Authors: Kramer Rutger 
Published: February 2024

Cet essai se penche sur la construction de l’héritage de l’abbé Smaragde de Saint-Mihiel (c. 760-c. 840), et pose la question de savoir dans quelle mesure on peut et doit se souvenir de lui comme d'un « réformateur ». En me basant sur les activités intellectuelles et les pratiques monastiques de Smaragde de son vivant, et en réinterprétant sa biographie dans le Chronicon S. Michaelis monasterii (xie siècle), mon objectif est de montrer que les penseurs monastiques du monde carolingien et post-carolingien faisaient une distinction entre réformes institutionnelles et réformes individuelles – et que des enseignants comme Smaragde étaient reconnus pour leur rôle dans la promotion de ce dernier type de « réforme », qui visait explicitement la perfection morale des chrétiens plutôt que l'amélioration des institutions.
Engineering probiotic bacteria to express tcdB antigen as an oral vaccine carrier against Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Bahr May M.A. , ElRakaiby Marwa T. , Mansour Nahla M. 
Published: February 2024

Background

Clostridium (now known as Clostridioides) difficile (C. difficile) is a spore-forming, gram-positive organism that can pose serious public health complications. The elderly are especially vulnerable to C. difficile infections, which can be fatal. C. difficile strains cause symptomatic diseases via the release of two toxins; tcdA and tcdB, that induce inflammation and tissue damage. Vaccines targeting any of these toxins may offer an effective strategy against C. difficile infections.

Objective
This study aimed to use live probiotics as oral vaccines to express the C. difficile toxin B gene. Oral vaccination has many advantages over intramuscular injection, as it has higher compliance, feasibility, and simpler administration. In addition, oral vaccines can stimulate both mucosal and systemic immunity against the target antigen. Probiotic bacteria were chosen as they present ideal candidates for this goal in terms of safety and health promotion.

Materials and methods
We chose two probiotic strains: Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 in addition to Enterococcus faecium NM1015, which had previously been identified in our lab and is capable of suppressing C. difficile colonization. The C-terminal of the tcdB gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from C. difficile, cloned, and transformed into an E. coli EZ strain. The tcdB fragment was digested with BamHI and XhoI (NEB, UK) and subcloned into the bile salt-inducible expression plasmid pLB210 (obtained from INRA, France). The transformation and electroporation procedures were employed to insert cloning and expression plasmids into the target bacteria. Colony PCR was used to confirm the engineering strains. Reverse transcription PCR was used to confirm the expression of the C. difficile
tcdB fragment.

Results and conclusion
The expression vector ‘p210-tcdB’ was constructed, then introduced into the selected probiotic strains by electroporation and confirmed by colony PCR and plasmid extraction. The reverse transcription (RT)-PCR confirmed the expression of the gene by the engineered strains. No significant difference in the survival rate was observed between the engineered strains and their parental types at pH 2.00 and 1% oxygen. Moreover, the strains showed satisfactory plasmid stability for 210 generations. Future work will involve the in vivo evaluation of the engineered probiotic strains as oral vaccines against C. difficile using an animal model.
How to create a successful mobile learning strategy for medical education during lockdowns?
Authors: Kalantarion Masomeh , Ahmady Soleiman , Kallestrup Per , Katibeh Marzieh , Sadoughi Mohammad Mehdi , Khajeali Nasrin , Faghihi Seyed Aliakbar 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Mobile learning has played an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic and medical schools now consider it as an effective educational method in current and future crises. In this qualitative study, an attempt was made to demonstrate the principles of designing a mobile learning strategy in medical education from the perspective of experts.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study was conducted by the qualitative content analysis method. The data were collected from July 2022 to Feb 2023. Twelve participants were included in this study from Iran’s medical universities, consisting of two members of the Higher Council of Virtual Education, three educational directors, three clinical faculty members, two faculty members specializing in e-learning and medical education, an educational vice, and a dean. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by Granheim and Lundman’s (2004) method.

RESULTS:
Out of twelve participants in the study, eight (66%) were males and four (44%) females. Data were classified into eight categories and one theme. Based on the participants’ experiences, the main theme, that is, “the principles of medical education design in mobile learning,” included pedagogical component, interactive design, effective and comprehensive analysis, achieving objectives with the mobile learning platform, generating micro- and interactive e-content, teaching-learning interactive methods, course implementation and interactive evaluation at both micro- and macro-levels.

CONCLUSION:
Data analysis revealed that in addition to the eight principles in the medical education design in mobile learning, the participants prioritized the two principles of pedagogical component and interactive design over other principles in educational design. Using a successful mobile learning strategy in situations of restrictions limiting physical presence may improve the quality of medical education.
The barriers and facilitators to nursing care for patients with permanent colostomy in outpatient centers: A qualitative study
Authors: Shoja Maryam , Arsalani Narges , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi Farahnaz 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Ostomy care nurses are responsible for the management of patients with colostomy from the time of diagnosis. Currently, most ostomy care services are provided in outpatient ostomy care centers in order to reduce patients’ hospital stay and reduce hospitalization-related costs. Many different factors can affect colostomy nursing care provision in these centers. Identification of these factors can facilitate quality care provision.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2020–2021 to explore the barriers and facilitators to nursing care for patients with permanent colostomy in Tehran and Qom ostomy centers. Participants were twelve nurses with ostomy care licenses, two adult patients with permanent colostomy for at least two years, and one family caregiver of a patient with permanent colostomy purposefully selected from outpatient ostomy care centers in Iran.

RESULT:
Data were collected via fifteen in-depth semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s conventional content analysis. The barriers and facilitators to nursing care for patients with permanent colostomy in outpatient centers came into three main categories, namely specialized capabilities of colostomy care, care continuity, and caring status in the family.

CONCLUSION:
These findings imply that not only nurses, but also patients, family caregivers, and referral systems can influence nursing care provision to permanent colostomy. Effective management of these factors can improve the quality of ostomy nursing care.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Phrygian Cap Gallbladder: Two- and Three-dimensional Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Three-dimensional Reconstructions
Authors: Martins Maria Rosa Pereira , Alves Juliana Assis , Melo Mayra Martins , Caldas João Victor Jacomele , Araujo Júnior Edward , Szejnfeld Patrícia Soares Oliveira , Castro Pedro Teixeira , Werner Heron , Rolo Liliam Cristine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A congenital anomaly of the gallbladder called Phrygian cap occurs when an enlarged gallbladder presents a folded shape in the fundus along the body of the organ. The incidence in adults is about 4%. The diagnosis is usually incidental during abdominal imaging for other causes, but prenatal diagnosis of this condition is rare. In this report, two cases of prenatal diagnosis of Phrygian cap were performed using two-(2D) and three-dimensional (3D), magnetic resonance imaging, and 3D reconstructions.
A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of Mycobacterium w in critically ill patients with COVID-19 (ARMY-2)
Authors: Sehgal Inderpaul S. , Agarwal Ritesh , Jindal Atul , Siddiqui Md Sabah , Mohan Anant , Pal Arnab , Guleria Randeep , Bhalla Ashish , Kajal Kamal , Malhotra Pankaj , Puri Goverdhan Dutt , Khadanga Sagar , Joshi Rajnish , Singh Sarman , Saigal Saurabh , Nagarkar Nitin M. , Suri Vikas , Bhatnagar Sushma , Tiwari Pawan , Singh Mini P. , Yaddanapudi Laxmi Narayana , Mittal Saurabh , Chauhan Anshika , Banerjee Gaurab , Rai Deependra K. , Gupta Bikram K. ,   For the ARMY-2 trial study group*
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Mycobacterium w (Mw), an immunomodulator, resulted in better clinical status in severe coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) but no survival benefit in a previous study. Herein, we investigate whether Mw could improve clinical outcomes and survival in COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
In a multicentric, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial, we randomized hospitalized subjects with severe COVID-19 to receive either 0.3 mL/day of Mw intradermally or a matching placebo for three consecutive days. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. The co-primary outcome was the distribution of clinical status assessed on a seven-point ordinal scale ranging from discharged (category 1) to death (category 7) on study days 14, 21, and 28. The key secondary outcomes were the change in sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score on days 7 and 14 compared to the baseline, treatment-emergent adverse events, and others.

Results:
We included 273 subjects (136 Mw, 137 placebo). The use of Mw did not improve 28-day survival (Mw vs. placebo, 18 [13.2%] vs. 12 [8.8%], P = 0.259) or the clinical status on days 14 (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.79-2.3), 21 (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.83-2.7) or 28 (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.79-2.8) between the two study arms. There was no difference in the delta SOFA score or other secondary outcomes between the two groups. We observed higher injection site reactions with Mw.

Conclusion:

Mw did not reduce 28-day mortality or improve clinical status on days 14, 21 and 28 compared to placebo in patients with severe COVID-19. [Trial identifier: CTRI/2020/04/024846]
Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on incidence and treatment strategies of hepatocellular carcinoma in people with chronic liver disease
Authors: Mak Lung-Yi , Chung Matthew Shing Hin , Li Xue , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Chui Celine Sze Ling , Cheng Franco Wing Tak , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Cheung Ching Lung , Au Ivan Chi Ho , Xiong Xi , Seto Wai-Kay , Yuen Man-Fung , Wong Carlos King Ho , Wong Ian Chi Kei 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Chronic liver disease (CLD) was associated with adverse clinical outcomes among people with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
AIM
To determine the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the incidence and treatment strategy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with CLD.
METHODS
A retrospective, territory-wide cohort of CLD patients was identified from an electronic health database in Hong Kong. Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)+CLD] between January 1, 2020 and October 25, 2022 were identified and matched 1:1 by propensity-score with those without (COVID-19-CLD). Each patient was followed up until death, outcome event, or November 15, 2022. Primary outcome was incidence of HCC. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, adverse hepatic outcomes, and different treatment strategies to HCC (curative, non-curative treatment, and palliative care). Analyses were further stratified by acute (within 20 d) and post-acute (21 d or beyond) phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated by Poisson regression models.
RESULTS
Of 193589 CLD patients (> 95% non-cirrhotic) in the cohort, 55163 patients with COVID-19+CLD and 55163 patients with COVID-19-CLD were included after 1:1 propensity-score matching. Upon 249-d median follow-up, COVID-19+CLD was not associated with increased risk of incident HCC (IRR: 1.19, 95%CI: 0.99-1.42, P = 0.06), but higher risks of receiving palliative care for HCC (IRR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.46-1.75, P < 0.001), compared to COVID-19-CLD. In both acute and post-acute phases of infection, COVID-19+CLD were associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality (acute: IRR: 7.06, 95%CI: 5.78-8.63, P < 0.001; post-acute: IRR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.14-1.36, P < 0.001) and adverse hepatic outcomes (acute: IRR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.79-2.18, P < 0.001; post-acute: IRR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.13-1.35, P < 0.001), compared to COVID-19-CLD.
CONCLUSION
Although CLD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were not associated with increased risk of HCC, they were more likely to receive palliative treatment than those without. The detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection persisted in post-acute phase.
Autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis after direct-acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus: A case report
Authors: Morihisa Yoshiki , Chung Hobyung , Towatari Shuichiro , Yamashita Daisuke , Inokuma Tetsuro 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health concern that leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Regimens containing direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have become the mainstay of HCV treatment, achieving a high sustained virological response (SVR) with minimal adverse events.
CASE SUMMARY
A 74-year-old woman with chronic HCV infection was treated with the DAAs ledipasvir, and sofosbuvir for 12 wk and achieved SVR. Twenty-four weeks after treatment completion, the liver enzyme and serum IgG levels increased, and antinuclear antibody became positive without HCV viremia, suggesting the development of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). After liver biopsy indicated AIH, a definite AIH diagnosis was made and prednisolone was initiated. The treatment was effective, and the liver enzyme and serum IgG levels normalized. However, multiple strictures of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts with dilatation of the peripheral bile ducts appeared on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography after 3 years of achieving SVR, which were consistent with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
CONCLUSION
The potential risk of developing autoimmune liver diseases after DAA treatment should be considered.