bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Reliable Is Fluid Gradient in Gas/Condensate Reservoirs?
Authors: Kabir C. S. , Pop J. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary
Collection and analysis of gas/condensate-fluid samples presents considerable challenges. This is because downhole sampling of a gas/condensate fluid—unlike its oil counterpart—does not guarantee the retrieval of a single-phase fluid. The same is true for surface sampling because of incomplete surface and/or downhole separation. Given this reality, the pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) analysis of any fluid sample with an equation-of-state (EOS) model demands that the results are verified with independent measurements.
Our analyses of many samples show that a good correspondence exists between the PVT-derived gradient and that obtained from wellbore-flow modeling of production-test data. Older-generation formation testers (those from before 1990), although yielding comparable results, had larger error bars because of system limitations in repeatability of both pressure and depth measurements.
We developed a yield/temperature correlation to fill in the information void for reservoirs that fall within the bounds of measured data over a large geographic area. Correlating CO2 with formation temperature was a stepping stone to the yield/temperature relationship. This approach is applicable for the analysis of both single-reservoir and multireservoir samples, which is particularly useful when rapid assessment is needed over large regions.
Comparison of morphological and enzyme characteristics of anaerobic fungi isolated from Cervus dama
Authors: Atanasova-Pancevska Natalija , Kungulovski Dzoko 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Seven anaerobic fungal isolates from Cervus dama (domesticated and free living) were grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and avicel, and monitored over a five day period for substrate utilization and cellulase activities. All fungal isolates showed monocentric growth patterns; four of them had polyflagellated zoospores and morphologically resembled members of the genus Neocallimastix; the other three had monoflagellated zoospores and resembled members of the genus Piromyces. All of the isolates degraded CMC and avicel, and exhibited cellulolytic activities (carboxymethyl cellulase-(CMC-ase) and avicelase).
The parameters of grain filling and yield components in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)
Authors: Brdar Milka , Kraljević-Balalić Marija , Kobiljski Borislav 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Final grain dry weight, a component of yield in wheat, is dependent on the duration and the rate of grain filling. The purpose of the study was to compare the grain filling patterns between common wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.), and durum wheat, (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and investigate relationships among grain filling parameters, yield components and the yield itself. The most important variables in differentiating among grain filling curves were final grain dry weight (W) for common wheat genotypes and grain filling rate (R) for durum wheat genotypes; however, in all cases the sets of variables important in differentiating among grain filling curves were extended to either two or all three parameters. Furthermore, in one out of three environmental conditions and for both groups of genotypes, the most important parameter in the set was grain filling duration (T). It indicates significant impact of environmental conditions on dry matter accumulation and the mutual effect of grain filling duration and its rate on the final grain dry weight. The medium early anthesis date could be associated with further grain weight and yield improvements in wheat. Grain filling of earlier genotypes occurs in more temperate environments, which provides enough time for gradual grain fill and avoids the extremes of temperature and the stress of dry conditions.
Outcomes Assessment of the Center for Government and Corporate Veterinary Medicine at the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Black Leslie S. , Thatcher Craig D. , Hueston William D. 
Published: January 2008

Introduction – The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and usefulness of the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine’s Center for Government and Corporate Veterinary Medicine (CGCVM or Center) as a national resource. Methodology – Questionnaires were mailed to graduates of the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine (VMRCVM) from the classes of 1993 through 1997, as well as to graduates of other veterinary schools in the United States and Canada in the classes of 1994 through 1997 who had completed externships with the Center. Agencies and corporations that had hosted student clerkships in the 1997/1998 academic year and Deans of each veterinary school that has utilized the Center for student clerkships were also surveyed by mail. Conclusion – The results indicate that the Center for Government and Corporate Veterinary Medicine is a valuable national resource for veterinary students interested in public practice veterinary medicine and for veterinarians already in the work force seeking career advancement and/or career redirection.
Effect of dynamic loading on solute transport in soft gels implication for drug delivery
Authors: Urciuolo F. , Imparato G. , Netti P. A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSolute transport through soft gels and tissues is intimately coupled to mechanical stress and deformation of the macromolecular network. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of periodic mechanical stimuli upon solute transport through agarose gels at different concentrations. For this purpose it was experimentally evaluated the materials parameters that govern the coupling between elasto‐dynamic and solute transport: hydraulic conductivity (K), elastic modulus (HA), and macromolecular diffusivity (Dg) along with their strain dependence behavior. Mechanical activated solute transport simulation was carried out in order to elucidate the role of amplitude and frequency of soliciting mechanical stimuli on mass kinetics release. Results show that mechanical loading affects the release of macromolecules from a gel in a frequency and strain dependent manner. These findings pave the way for novel strategies for the design and engineering of smart drug delivery devices with transport mechanisms triggered by mechanical stimuli. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Retinal microangiopathy and rapidly fatal cerebral edema in a patient with adult‐onset Still's disease and concurrent macrophage activation syndrome
Authors: Gianella Sara , Schaer Dominik J. , Schwarz Urs , Kurrer Michael , Heppner Frank L. , Fehr Jörg , Seebach Jörg D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a complex inflammatory disease with multiple diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls. The congenital form, referred to as familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL), is often associated with cerebromeningeal involvement, whereas neurological complications are not characteristic of the adult form of secondary HLH (sHLH). Here we report the case of a 20‐year‐old woman with adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD), retinal microangiopathy and concurrent macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), in the context of sHLH. Following treatment with etanercept, ibuprofen, methylprednisolon, and phenylbutazone for 3 weeks, MAS deteriorated and fatal cerebral edema occurred within only 24 h. The clinical signs and neuropathological findings are discussed with special emphasis on possible relationships between the aggravation of MAS and therapeutic interventions for AOSD. In conclusion, even the slightest sign of mental decline in a patient with AOSD must be considered central nervous system MAS which can be rapidly fatal. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on platelet recovery in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A controlled trial
Authors: Rostami Nematollah , Keshtkar‐Jahromi Maryam , Rahnavardi Mohammad , Keshtkar‐Jahromi Marzieh , Soghra Esfahani Fatemeh 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSeveral recent studies have suggested that an association exists between Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication and improvement in platelet count in a significant proportion of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). In this controlled study, we prospectively examined adult patients with chronic ITP for HP infection, and assessed the effect of HP eradication on platelet count. One hundred forty‐two consecutive Iranian patients with chronic ITP were assessed. Those who met the criteria and had platelet counts >30 × 109/L within the medication‐free screening month were enrolled (n = 129; 66 females; mean age, 29.2 ± 7.0 years). HP‐positive patients received a 2‐week course of triple HP eradication therapy (i.e., amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole) and were followed for 48 weeks. An ITP response was defined as a platelet count of >100 × 109/L 24 weeks after treatment, together with an increase in the platelet count >30 × 109/L over the baseline value. HP infection was detected in 79 (61%) patients. HP‐positive patients were significantly older than HP‐negative subjects (P = 0.018). HP eradication was successful in 87% (62/71) of those who completed the eradication therapy. Whereas 48% (30/62) of HP‐eradicated patients showed an ITP response, no HP‐negative patient had an ITP response. The ITP response persisted for 48 weeks in 93% (28/30) of the responders. The ITP responders had a shorter disease duration than the nonresponders (P = 0.002). The management of mild‐to‐moderate chronic ITP in Iranian patients, especially those with a recent onset of disease, should include an investigation for and eradication of infection with HP. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of novel rhodium‐xylyl linked N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes as hydrosilylation catalysts
Authors: Özdemir Ismail , Demir Serpil , Şahin Onur , Büyükgüngör Orhan , Çetinkaya Bekir 
Published: January 2008

AbstractReaction of ortho‐xylylbis(N‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzylimidazolinium); xylylbis(N‐butylimidazolinium) and para‐xylylbis(N‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzylimidazolinium); xylylbis(N‐butylimidazolinium) salts with KOBut and [RhCl(COD)]2 yields ortho‐ and para‐xylylbis{(N‐alkylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)chloro(η4‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene) rho dium(I)} complexes (2a–d). All compounds synthesized were characterized by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of the 2a and 2d were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Triethylsilane reacts with acetophenone derivatives in the presence of catalytic amount of the new rhodium(I)–carbene complexes (2a–d), to give the corresponding silylethers in good yields (83–99%). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, crystal structure and infrared spectra of Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes with 4,4′‐dichloro‐2,2′‐[ethylene dioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol
Authors: Dong Wenkui , Shi Junyan , Xu Li , Zhong Jinkui , Duan Jingui , Zhang Yanping 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNovel 4,4′‐dichloro‐2,2′‐[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol (H2L) and its complexes [CuL] and {[CoL(THF)]2(OAc)2Co} have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H‐NMR and X‐ray crystallography. [CuL] forms a mononuclear structure which may be stabilized by the intermolecular contacts between copper atom (Cu) and oxygen atom (O3) to form a head‐to‐tail dimer. In {[CoL(THF)]2(OAc)2Co}, two acetates coordinate to three cobalt ions through CoOCOCo bridges and four µ‐phenoxo oxygen atoms from two [CoL(THF)] units also coordinate to cobalt ions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A statistical analysis of the web presences of European life sciences research teams
Authors: Barjak Franz , Thelwall Mike 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWeb links have been used for around ten years to explore the online impact of academic information and information producers. Nevertheless, few studies have attempted to relate link counts to relevant offline attributes of the owners of the targeted Web sites, with the exception of research productivity. This article reports the results of a study to relate site inlink counts to relevant owner characteristics for over 400 European life‐science research group Web sites. The analysis confirmed that research‐group size and Web‐presence size were important for attracting Web links, although research productivity was not. Little evidence was found for significant influence of any of an array of factors, including research‐group leader gender and industry connections. In addition, the choice of search engine for link data created a surprising international difference in the results, with Google perhaps giving unreliable results. Overall, the data collection, statistical analysis and results interpretation were all complex and it seems that we still need to know more about search engines, hyperlinks, and their function in science before we can draw conclusions on their usefulness and role in the canon of science and technology indicators.
Optimal replacement policy for obsolete components with general failure rates
Authors: Mercier Sophie 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIdentical components are considered, which become obsolete once new‐type ones are available, more reliable and less energy consuming. We envision different possible replacement strategies for the old‐type components by the new‐type ones: either purely preventive, where all old‐type components are replaced as soon as the new‐type ones are available; either purely corrective, where the old‐type ones are replaced by new‐type ones only at failure; or a mixture of both strategies, where the old‐type ones are first replaced at failure by new‐type ones and next simultaneously preventively replaced after a fixed number of failed old‐type components.To evaluate the respective value of each possible strategy, a cost function is considered, which represents the mean total cost on some finite time interval [0, t]. This function takes into account replacement costs, with economical dependence between simultaneous replacements, and also some energy consumption (and/or production) cost, with a constant rate per unit time.A full analytical expression is provided for the cost function induced by each possible replacement strategy. The optimal strategy is derived in long‐time run. Numerical experiments conclude the paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mouse genetic models of cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Authors: Juriloff Diana M. , Harris Muriel J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) is among the most common human birth defects. Transmission patterns suggest that the causes are “multifactorial” combinations of genetic and nongenetic factors, mostly distinct from those causing cleft secondary palate (CP). The major etiological factors are largely unknown, and the embryological mechanisms are not well understood. In contrast to CP or neural tube defects (NTD), CLP is uncommon in mouse mutants. Fourteen known mutants or strains express CLP, often as part of a severe syndrome, whereas nonsyndromic CLP is found in two conditional mutants and in two multifactorial models based on a hypomorphic variant with an epigenetic factor. This pattern suggests that human nonsyndromic CLP is likely caused by regulatory and hypomorphic gene variants, and may also involve epigenetics. The developmental pathogenic mechanism varies among mutants and includes deficiencies of growth of the medial, lateral or maxillary facial prominences, defects in the fusion process itself, and shifted midline position of the medial prominences. Several CLP mutants also have NTD, suggesting potential genetic overlap of the traits in humans. The mutants may reflect two interacting sets of genetic signaling pathways: Bmp4, Bmpr1a, Sp8, and Wnt9b may be in one set, and Tcfap2a and Sox11 may be in another. Combining the results of chromosomal linkage studies of unidentified human CLP genes with insights from the mouse models, the following previously unexamined genes are identified as strong candidate genes for causative roles in human nonsyndromic CLP: BMP4, BMPR1B, TFAP2A, SOX4, WNT9B, WNT3, and SP8. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutrient intakes in women and congenital diaphragmatic hernia in their offspring
Authors: Yang Wei , Shaw Gary M. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Waller D. Kim , Pober Barbara R. , Anderka Marlene 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect where there is an opening in the diaphragm through which a portion of the abdominal contents protrudes into the thoracic cavity. The etiologies of CDH remain unknown, although experimental animal data suggest dietary factors might play a role. This study examined whether maternal nutrient intakes were associated with delivering infants with CDH. METHODS: We analyzed infants with isolated CDH who were born from 1997 to 2003 and recruited into the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a multisite, population‐based case‐control study. Exposure data were obtained from telephone interviews, which were completed within 24 months after delivery, and were available for 377 case mothers and 5,008 control mothers. A food frequency questionnaire was used to derive nutrient intakes during the year before pregnancy. RESULTS: A crude OR of 0.6 (95% CI: 0.3–1.0) was observed for higher intake of choline. Elevated ORs (1.4 to 1.7) were found for lower intakes of choline, cysteine, methionine, and protein. Among women who took vitamin supplements, higher intakes of B vitamins (i.e., folate, vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12), minerals (i.e., calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc), and vitamin E were inversely associated with CDH (ORs from 0.7–0.3). Moreover, among women who did not take vitamin supplements, lower intakes of calcium, retinol, selenium, vitamin B12, and vitamin E had positive associations with CDH (ORs from 1.4 to 2.1). CONCLUSIONS: Our observations contribute to a limited body of evidence suggesting a woman's periconceptional diet might be associated with CDH in her offspring. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐quenching in the electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ using ascorbic acid as co‐reactant
Authors: Takahashi Fumiki , Jin Jiye 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this study, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridyl) using ascorbic acid (H2A) as co‐reactant was investigated in an aqueous solution. When H2A was co‐existent in a Ru(bpy)32+‐containing buffer solution, ECL peaks were observed at a potential corresponding to the oxidation of Ru(bpy)32+, and the intensity was proportional to H2A concentration at lower concentration levels. The formation of the excited state *Ru(bpy)32+ was confirmed to result from the co‐reaction between Ru(bpy)33+and the intermediate of ascorbate anion radical (A−•), which showed the maximum ECL at pH = 8.8. It is our first finding that the ECL intensity would be quenched significantly when the concentration of H2A was relatively higher, or upon ultrasonic irradiation. In most instances, quenching is observed with four‐fold excess of H2A over Ru(bpy)32+. The diffusional self‐quenching scheme as well as the possible reaction pathways involved in the Ru(bpy)32+–H2A ECL system are discussed in this study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of corrosion resistance improvement by metallic coating for overhead transmission line conductor
Authors: Isozaki Masanori , Adachi Kouichi , Hita Takanori , Asano Yuji 
Published: January 2008

AbstractApplying anticorrosion grease and aluminum‐clad steel (AC) wires to ACSR have been adopted as general methods to protect overhead transmission line conductors and/or wires from corrosion. However, in some cases those means have been found to be ineffective on some transmission lines passing through acid atmosphere in the vicinity of a factory exhausting acid smoke. The corrosion caused by acid atmosphere is characterized by a higher speed in its progress as is well known.As means against such acid corrosion, application of high‐purity aluminum, selective removal of intermetallic compound in aluminum, and plastic coating wires have been reported before, and each has both advantages and disadvantages. In a former report, we found that a new type of anticorrosion grease shows an excellent property against acid atmosphere as well as in a salty condition.Here we present a new type of anticorrosion technology of applying high‐corrosion‐resistance aluminum alloy or zinc coatings on each component wire of a conductor that we succeeded in developing through a serial study of anticorrosion methods on overhead transmission lines. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(1): 41–47, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20365
Development of a high‐speed electromagnetic repulsion mechanism for high‐voltage vacuum circuit breakers
Authors: Tsukima Mitsuru , Takeuchi Toshie , Koyama Kenichi , Yoshiyasu Hajimu 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a design and testing of a new high‐speed electromagnetic driving mechanism for a high‐voltage vacuum circuit breaker (VCB). This mechanism is based on a high‐speed electromagnetic repulsion and a permanent magnet spring (PMS). This PMS is introduced instead of the conventional disk spring due to its low spring energy and more suitable force characteristics for VCB application. The PMS has been optimally designed by the 3D nonlinear finite‐elements magnetic field analysis and investigated its internal friction and eddy‐current effect. Furthermore, we calculated the dynamic of this mechanism coupling with the electromagnetic field and circuit analysis, in order to satisfy the operating characteristics—contact velocity, response time, and so on, required for the high‐speed VCB. A prototype VCB, which was built based on the above analysis, shows sufficient operating performance. Finally, the short circuit interruption tests were carried out with this prototype breaker, and we have been able to verify its satisfying performance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(1): 34–40, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20398
Power system stabilization control based on the wide area phasor measurement
Authors: Watanabe Masayuki , Hashiguchi Takuhei , Izumi Takanori , Mitani Yasunori 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a method of tuning power system stabilizers (PSS) in order to damp low‐frequency oscillations in a multimachine power system based on wide area phasor measurements. The authors have developed a method for detecting interarea low‐frequency modes from measured small oscillations associated with load fluctuations by approximating the oscillations as a coupled vibration model. In this paper, the coupled vibration model is extended to include the effect of PSS. PSS are tuned directly by using the extended model, since the model includes parameters of PSS. The advantage of this method is that steady state phasor fluctuations are available for tuning PSS and assessing the effect of the tuning control. That is, a large disturbance like a line fault is not necessary since the stability of major modes can be investigated directly by using eigenvalues of the extended model. The identification process does not require information on the input to the system for perturbation. Some numerical analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by using phasor dynamical data obtained by a power system simulation package. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(1): 16–24, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20640