bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallosalen modified carbon nitride a versatile and reusable catalyst for environmentally friendly aldehyde oxidation
Authors: Sedighi Reza Eskandari , Behzad Mahdi , Azizi Najmedin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of environmentally friendly catalysts for organic transformations is of great importance in the field of green chemistry. Aldehyde oxidation reactions play a crucial role in various industrial processes, including the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. This paper presents the synthesis and evaluation of a new metallosalen carbon nitride catalyst named Co(salen)@g-C3N4. The catalyst was prepared by doping salicylaldehyde onto carbon nitride, and subsequently, incorporating cobalt through Schiff base chemistry. The Co(salen)@g-C3N4 catalyst was characterized using various spectroscopic techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Furthermore, after modification with salicylaldehyde, the carbon nitride component of the catalyst exhibited remarkable yields (74–98%) in oxidizing various aldehyde derivatives (20 examples) to benzoic acid. This oxidation reaction was carried out under mild conditions and resulted in short reaction times (120–300 min). Importantly, the catalyst demonstrated recyclability, as it could be reused for five consecutive runs without any loss of activity. The reusable nature of the catalyst, coupled with its excellent yields in oxidation reactions, makes it a promising and sustainable option for future applications.
Effects of prolonged vibration to the flexor carpi radialis muscle on intracortical excitability
Authors: Pfenninger Clara , Zeghoudi Narimane , Bertrand Mathilde Fiona , Lapole Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProlonged local vibration (LV) can induce neurophysiological adaptations thought to be related to long-term potentiation or depression. Yet, how changes in intracortical excitability may be involved remains to be further investigated as previous studies reported equivocal results. We therefore investigated the effects of 30 min of LV applied to the right flexor carpi radialis muscle (FCR) on both short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). SICI and ICF were measured through transcranial magnetic stimulation before and immediately after 30 min of FCR LV (vibration condition) or 30 min of rest (control condition). Measurements were performed during a low-intensity contraction (n = 17) or at rest (n = 7). No significant SICI nor ICF modulations were observed, whether measured during isometric contractions or at rest (p = 0.2). Yet, we observed an increase in inter-individual variability for post measurements after LV. In conclusion, while intracortical excitability was not significantly modulated after LV, increased inter-variability observed after LV may suggest the possibility of divergent responses to prolonged LV exposure.
Life strategy of Antarctic silverfish promote large carbon export in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea
Authors: Manno Clara , Carlig Erica , Falco Pier Paolo , Castagno Pasquale , Budillon Giorgio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAntarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum is the most abundant pelagic fish in the High Antarctic shelf waters of the Southern Ocean, where it plays a pivotal role in the trophic web as the major link between lower and higher trophic levels. Despite the ecological importance of this species, knowledge about its role in the biogeochemical cycle is poor. We determine the seasonal contribution of Antarctic silverfish to carbon flux in terms of faeces and eggs, from samples collected in the Ross Sea. We find that eggs and faeces production generate a flux accounting for 41% of annual POC flux and that the variability of this flux is modulated by spawning strategy. This study shows the important role of this organism as a vector for carbon flux. Since Antarctic silverfish are strongly dependent on sea-ice, they might be especially sensitive to climatic changes. Our results suggest that a potential decrease in the biomass of this organism is likely to impact marine biogeochemical cycles, and this should be factored in when assessing Southern Ocean carbon budget.
Insights into the molecular mechanism of yellow cuticle coloration by a chitin-binding carotenoprotein in gregarious locusts
Authors: Egorkin Nikita A. , Dominnik Eva E. , Maksimov Eugene G. , Sluchanko Nikolai N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarotenoids are hydrophobic pigments binding to diverse carotenoproteins, many of which remain unexplored. Focusing on yellow gregarious locusts accumulating cuticular carotenoids, here we use engineered Escherichia coli cells to reconstitute a functional water-soluble β-carotene-binding protein, BBP. HPLC and Raman spectroscopy confirmed that recombinant BBP avidly binds β-carotene, inducing the unusual vibronic structure of its absorbance spectrum, just like native BBP extracted from the locust cuticles. Bound to recombinant BBP, β-carotene exhibits pronounced circular dichroism and allows BBP to withstand heating (T0.5 = 68 °C), detergents and pH variations. Using bacteria producing distinct xanthophylls we demonstrate that, while β-carotene is the preferred carotenoid, BBP can also extract from membranes ketocarotenoids and, very poorly, hydroxycarotenoids. We show that BBP-carotenoid complex reversibly binds to chitin, but not to chitosan, implying the role for chitin acetyl groups in cuticular BBP deposition. Reconstructing such locust coloration mechanism in vitro paves the way for structural studies and BBP applications.
Chasing weakly-bound biological water in aqueous environment near the peptide backbone by ultrafast 2D infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Juan , Yu Pengyun , Dong Tiantian , Wu Yanzhou , Yang Fan , Wang Jianping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere has been a long-standing debate as to how many hydrogen bonds a peptide backbone amide can form in aqueous solution. Hydrogen-bonding structural dynamics of N-ethylpropionamide (a β-peptide model) in water was examined using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Two amide-I sub bands arise mainly from amide C=O group that forms strong H-bonds with solvent water molecules (SHB state), and minorly from that involving one weak H-bond with water (WHB state). This picture is supported by molecular dynamics simulations and ab-initio calculations. Further, thermodynamics and kinetics of the SHB and WHB species were examined mainly by chemical-exchange two-dimensional IR spectroscopy, yielding an activation energy for the SHB-to-WHB exchange of 13.25 ± 0.52 kJ mol‒1, which occurs in half picosecond at room temperature. Our results provided experimental evidence of an unstable water molecule near peptide backbone, allowing us to gain more insights into the dynamics of the protein backbone hydration.
An integrated 3C-silicon carbide-on-insulator photonic platform for nonlinear and quantum light sources
Authors: Li Jiayang , Zhang Qianni , Wang Jiantao , Poon Andrew W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) polytypes are emerging for integrated nonlinear and quantum photonics due to their wide-bandgap energies, second-order optic nonlinearity and process compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technologies. Among polytypes, 3C-SiC is the only one epitaxially grown on wafer-scale silicon substrates. However, on-chip nonlinear and quantum light sources leveraging the second-order nonlinearity of 3C-SiC have not been reported to our knowledge. Here, we design and fabricate an elliptical microring on 3C-SiC. We demonstrate a nonlinear light source with a second-harmonic generation efficiency of $$17.4\pm 0.2 \% {W}^{-1}$$
17.4
±
0.2
%

W

−
1

and difference-frequency generation with a signal-idler bandwidth of 97 nm. We demonstrate a spontaneous parametric down-conversion source with a photon-pair generation rate of 4.8 MHz and a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of $$3361\pm 84$$
3361
±
84
. We measure a low heralded single-photon second-order coherence $${g}_{H}^{\left(2\right)}=0.0007$$

g

H

2

=
0.0007
. We observe time-bin entanglement with a visibility of $$86.0\pm 2.4 \%$$
86.0
±
2.4
%
using this source. Our work paves a way toward SiC-based on-chip nonlinear and quantum photonic circuits.
Trade-offs in the externalities of pig production are not inevitable
Authors: Bartlett Harriet , Zanella Márcia , Kaori Beatriz , Sabei Leandro , Araujo Michelle S. , de Paula Tauana Maria , Zanella Adroaldo J. , Holmes Mark A. , Wood James L. N. , Balmford Andrew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFarming externalities are believed to co-vary negatively, yet trade-offs have rarely been quantified systematically. Here we present data from UK and Brazilian pig production systems representative of most commercial systems across the world ranging from ‘intensive’ indoor systems through to extensive free range, Organic and woodland systems to explore co-variation among four major externality costs. We found that no specific farming type was consistently associated with good performance across all domains. Generally, systems with low land use have low greenhouse gas emissions but high antimicrobial use and poor animal welfare, and vice versa. Some individual systems performed well in all domains but were not exclusive to any particular type of farming system. Our findings suggest that trade-offs may be avoidable if mitigation focuses on lowering impacts within system types rather than simply changing types of farming.
Material and structural considerations for high-performance electrodes for wearable skin devices
Authors: Lim Kyeonghee , Seo Hunkyu , Chung Won Gi , Song Hayoung , Oh Myoungjae , Ryu Seoung Young , Kim Younhee , Park Jang-Ung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWearable skin-contacting devices are extensively studied for their ability to provide convenient and safe health monitoring. A key aspect that controls their performance are the properties of the device electrodes. Optimizing electrode structure, and the materials they are made from, can improve device functionality. Here, we discuss the various properties required for optimal electrode performance, including mechanical, electrical, and biocompatible factors. To address these challenges, we consider alteration of electrode structure, the development of flexible or soft conductive materials, and the creation of hybrid structures. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence is proposed as a promising direction to achieve smart devices. As well as outlining essential characteristics for high-performance wearable skin devices we also offer insight into possible future applications.
A taxonomy to map evidence on the co-benefits, challenges, and limits of carbon dioxide removal
Authors: Prütz Ruben , Fuss Sabine , Lück Sarah , Stephan Leon , Rogelj Joeri 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide removal is key to climate change mitigation, yet implications of its deployment remain unclear. Recent exponential growth in literature is rapidly filling this gap but makes the synthesis of the evidence on carbon dioxide removal side effects increasingly challenging. Here we address this issue by mapping this literature and proposing a taxonomy to synthesize and compare evidence on carbon dioxide removal side effects. The expansive evidence warrants the use of machine learning to systematically select relevant research and provide an inventory of nearly 400 co-benefits, challenges, and limits. We find rich evidence in Europe but little information for Africa, South America, and Oceania, where large-scale carbon dioxide removal is nevertheless projected. There is a predominance of articles discussing negative effects compared to positive ones. Starting from the limitations of our analysis and literature gaps, we provide entry points for future studies that can build on our literature-based taxonomy.
Phosphorylation of ELYS promotes its interaction with VAPB at decondensing chromosomes during mitosis
Authors: James Christina , Möller Ulrike , Spillner Christiane , König Sabine , Dybkov Olexandr , Urlaub Henning , Lenz Christof , Kehlenbach Ralph H 
Published: April 2024

AbstractELYS is a nucleoporin that localizes to the nuclear side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) in interphase cells. In mitosis, it serves as an assembly platform that interacts with chromatin and then with nucleoporin subcomplexes to initiate post-mitotic NPC assembly. Here we identify ELYS as a major binding partner of the membrane protein VAPB during mitosis. In mitosis, ELYS becomes phosphorylated at many sites, including a predicted FFAT (two phenylalanines in an acidic tract) motif, which mediates interaction with the MSP (major sperm protein)-domain of VAPB. Binding assays using recombinant proteins or cell lysates and co-immunoprecipitation experiments show that VAPB binds the FFAT motif of ELYS in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. In anaphase, the two proteins co-localize to the non-core region of the newly forming nuclear envelope. Depletion of VAPB results in prolonged mitosis, slow progression from meta- to anaphase and in chromosome segregation defects. Together, our results suggest a role of VAPB in mitosis upon recruitment to or release from ELYS at the non-core region of the chromatin in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.
Vision based intelligent traffic light management system using Faster R‐CNN
Authors: Abbas Syed Konain , Khan Muhammad Usman Ghani , Zhu Jia , Sarwar Raheem , Aljohani Naif R. , Hameed Ibrahim A. , Hassan Muhammad Umair 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransportation systems primarily depend on vehicular flow on roads. Developed countries have shifted towards automated signal control, which manages and updates signal synchronisation automatically. In contrast, traffic in underdeveloped countries is mainly governed by manual traffic light systems. These existing manual systems lead to numerous issues, wasting substantial resources such as time, energy, and fuel, as they cannot make real‐time decisions. In this work, we propose an algorithm to determine traffic signal durations based on real‐time vehicle density, obtained from live closed circuit television camera feeds adjacent to traffic signals. The algorithm automates the traffic light system, making decisions based on vehicle density and employing Faster R‐CNN for vehicle detection. Additionally, we have created a local dataset from live streams of Punjab Safe City cameras in collaboration with the local police authority. The proposed algorithm achieves a class accuracy of 96.6% and a vehicle detection accuracy of 95.7%. Across both day and night modes, our proposed method maintains an average precision, recall, F1 score, and vehicle detection accuracy of 0.94, 0.98, 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. Our proposed work surpasses all evaluation metrics compared to state‐of‐the‐art methodologies.
Influence of buffer volume on the effect of pressure relief for the metal‐enclosed switchgear due to arc fault
Authors: Li Peng , Liu Qihui , Hong Qianying , Liu Chang , Wu Yongcong , Ruan Jiangjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe explosion accident due to the internal arc fault in the metal‐enclosed switchgear cannot be ignored. Therefore, improving the ability of switchgear to resist the arc fault has important significance. In this paper, a passive protection measure by installing the buffer volume (BV) was proposed. The short‐circuit arcing tests were carried out in the small‐scale switchgear compartments, and the pressure rise was measured in the different models. The changes of pressure rise before and after installing BV were analyzed. Then, the calculation methods of pressure rise in the compartments and the mechanical response of the enclosure were put forward. By calculating the distributions of the pressure rise and temperature rise in the compartments, as well as the time‐varying displacement and stress of the enclosure, the pressure relief effect of the BV has been discussed. Results show that after installing the BV, the pressure rise, displacement, and stress are all decreased obviously in the initial of arcing. Hence, the arc fault protection effect for the switchgear can be improved by properly installing the BV.
5G‐based passive radar on a moving platform—Detection and imaging
Authors: Maksymiuk Radosław , Gomez del Hoyo Pedro , Abratkiewicz Karol , Samczynski Piotr , Kulpa Krzysztof 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent times, the development of radar systems for automotive applications has gathered significant interest due to the increasing necessity of vehicle situational awareness for new active protection systems and the intensive development of higher autonomous level driving solutions. Therefore, the number of active radars in automotive applications is growing, causing spectrum sharing and interference between radars operating in the same band. Alternative solutions without dedicated electromagnetic transmissions, such as joint communication and radar systems, or even no transmission at all, such as passive radars, have emerged in recent years and are promising solutions to help mitigate the interference problem. A passive automotive radar based on 5G communication signals is proposed as an alternative to active radars to provide situational awareness. The data downlink transmissions provided by an operative 5G base station were combined with a dual‐channel passive radar (PR) system deployed on a moving platform to provide moving target detection and radar imaging of the vehicle's surroundings. The outcomes show a possibility of commensal utilisation of the new telecommunication standard for automotive radar applications. The idea of mounting the PR receiver on a moving platform was tested using simulated and real‐life data, which shows great potential for joining the new radio (NR) with sensing capabilities using PR. The theory, numerical experiments, and measurement results are dealt with a cooperative 5G base station and PR demonstrator.
The Importance of Theory and Model Development for Building Physiotherapy as a Discipline in Germany
Authors: Schouten Leonie , Petzke Frank , Probst Annette 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Since 2009, undergraduate and graduate courses in physiotherapy at German universities have been involved in the international discourse on the formation of physiotherapy as a discipline in order to establish it as a subject in theory and practice. It has already been stated that it is necessary to deal with theory and model development (the essential core elements of a discipline). Currently, reference science dominates the scientific basis of physiotherapy, as only a marginal amount of (physio)therapeutic theories and models exist to date.
Aim The aim of this research is to capture the subjective views and interpretation patterns of experts regarding the importance of theory and model development for the discipline formation of physiotherapy in Germany at the current time, and to classify the results within the streams of discipline development and formation.
Method A qualitative research approach was chosen, oriented by Grounded Theory Methodology, and four guideline-based, theory-generating expert interviews were conducted. After verbatim transcription, the resulting data material was analysed following the Grounded Theory methodological approach.
Results “State of uncertainty” was identified as the core category – which emerged from the interview partners current subjective views and patterns of interpretation regarding the meaning of theory and model development. “State of uncertainty” can be understood as a process in the formation of a scientific discipline which is currently undecided and incomplete. This “state of uncertainty” is the outcome of the aggregation of the formulated categories of uncertainty, demarcation, avoidance and transformation. Gradual differences within how the interview partners interpret the “state of uncertainty” can be worked out from the results. In the progression curves following Schütze, it can be shown that the self-positioning of the interview partners regarding their own involvement with theory and model development refers to the ongoing process of the transformation of physiotherapy from a profession to a discipline. The interview partners associated ambivalences of interpretive patterns become clearly recognizable.
Conclusion An internal discussion concerning the irresolutions of the “state of uncertainty” is necessary in order to support the relevance of theory and model development for physiotherapy as a scientific discipline.
Onkologische Relevanz neurourologischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Böthig Ralf , Schöps Wolfgang , Kowald Birgitt , Golka Klaus 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Von wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen ist derzeit die Evidenz wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse zur Frage der onkologischen Relevanz neurourologischer Erkrankungen noch gering. Am besten erforscht ist der Zusammenhang zwischen einer langjährigen bestehenden Querschnittlähmung mit ihren Folgen für den unteren Harntrakt und dem Auftreten eines Harnblasenkarzinoms.

Diese Karzinome unterscheiden sich vielfältig von Harnblasenkarzinomen bei Patienten ohne Querschnittlähmung: Die Patienten sind im Durchschnitt 20 Jahre jünger, die Tumoren sind sehr häufig bereits muskelinvasiv und schlecht differenziert mit einem hohen Anteil an Plattenepithelkarzinomen, die Prognose ist schlecht. Diese Charakteristika treten auch bei querschnittgelähmten Patienten ohne Dauerkatheterableitung der Harnblase auf.

Obwohl der pathophysiologische Zusammenhang im Detail noch ungeklärt ist, so scheint doch der entscheidende Link zwischen einer Querschnittlähmung und dem Auftreten eines Harnblasenkarzinoms das Vorliegen einer neurogenen Blase zu sein. Pathologische Druckverhältnisse in der Harnblase und häufige Harnwegsinfekte bzw. asymptomatische Bakteriurien infolge der neurogenen Fehlsteuerung der Harnblase könnten die pathophysiologisch entscheidenden Faktoren darstellen.

Insofern stellt das Harnblasenkarzinom bei chronisch querschnittgelähmten Patienten einen Modelltumor nach einer Denervierung dar.

Die klinisch wichtige Frage eines Screenings erfordert zukünftige interdisziplinäre Forschungsansätze.
Die Abbildung der Neurologie in der neuen ICD-11
Authors: Evers Stefan 
Published: April 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie neue ICD-11 bringt im Kapitel der Neurologie einige Änderungen. So finden sich die Schlaf-Wach-Störungen und die infektiösen Erkrankungen des Nervensystems nicht mehr in dem Kapitel der Neurologie. Dagegen sind die zerebrovaskulären Krankheiten in das Kapitel der Neurologie übergeleitet worden. Die Einteilung der einzelnen Krankheitsbilder erfolgt jetzt nach den großen klassischen Gruppen, z. B. den Bewegungsstörungen oder den demyelinisierenden Krankheiten. Insgesamt geht der Trend dahin, dass klinisch und pathophysiologisch ähnliche Krankheiten in ein Unterkapitel zusammengefasst werden. Gerade in der Neurologie können sehr viele Querverweise und Doppeldiagnosen vergeben werden. Insbesondere in der Schlaganfallmedizin bietet die neue ICD-11 vielfältige Möglichkeiten der Kodierung auf klinischer und parallel auf pathophysiologischer Ebene. Derzeit befindet sich die deutsche Übersetzung der ICD-11 in Bearbeitung, hier könnten (und sollten) noch einige Verbesserungen vorgenommen werden.
The NFκB Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Pathophysiological Process of Preeclampsia
Authors: Li Yaxi , Zhu Qinying , He Ruifen , Du Junhong , Qin Xue , Li Yi , Liang Xiaolei , Wang Jing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe high prevalence of preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal and fetal mortality and affects the long-term prognosis of both mother and baby. Termination of pregnancy is currently the only effective treatment for PE, so there is an urgent need for research into its pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutic approaches. The NFκB family of transcription factors has an essential role in inflammation and innate immunity. In this review, we summarize the role of NFκB in normal and preeclampsia pregnancies, the role of NFκB in existing treatment strategies, and potential NFκB treatment strategies.