bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to canine parvovirus
Authors: Fiscus Susan A. , Mildbrand Michael M. , Gordon John C. , Teramoto Yoshio A. , Winston Scott 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A rapid screening assay for determining antibodies to canine parvovirus in dog serum using monoclonal antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technology was developed. The elisa could be read visually, and the results correlated well with serum neutralization (sn) and hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titers. Sera with sn ≤ 1:4 or hi ≤ 1:10 had an 87.9% correlation with elisa and sera with sn ≥ 1:64 or hi ≥ 1:80 had a 94.4% correlation. The assay took only 10 to 15 minutes to perform and did not require specialized equipment. The elisa should be useful in monitoring dogs for the presence of maternal antibodies against parvovirus and for determining seroconversion after vaccination.
Serologic studies of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in Minnesota cattle
Authors: Baker John C. , Ames Trevor R. , Markham R. J. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum antibody titers to bovine respiratory syncytial virus were determined for 559 cattle. Serum samples were obtained through the Minnesota State-Federal Brucellosis Laboratory and were collected over a 1-year period. Results of this study revealed an antibody prevalence of 65.5% to bovine respiratory syncytial virus. The distribution of antibody titers is presented, as well as analysis of titers based on breed, sex, and age of the cattle.
Serologic classification of two ovine adenovirus isolates from the central United States
Authors: Adair Brian M. , McKillop Eileen R. , McFerran J. Brian 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two ovine adenovirus (oav) strains (RTS-42 and RTS-151), isolated from lambs in the central United States, were compared using 2-way cross-neutralization tests with the 6 recognized oav species, 9 bovine adenovirus species, and 4 porcine species. Virus RTS-42 was identified as oav type 5, confirming previous results. Virus RTS-151 was identified as oav type 6, although the serologic crossing was largely one-sided.
Retroviral-associated eosinophilic leukemia in the cat
Authors: Lewis Mark G. , Kociba Gary J. , Rojko Jennifer L. , Stiff Mary I. , Haberman Allan B. , Velicer Leland F. , Olsen Richard G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fourteen specific-pathogen-free cats were inoculated with a putative env gene recombinant feline retrovirus, PR8. An isolate of the Rickard strain of feline leukemia virus (FeLV-R), PR8, has the properties of both an exogenous (FeLV-R) and an endogenous (xenotropic) feline retrovirus (RD-114). Twelve of the PR8-inoculated cats developed viremia; 2 of the 12 cats developed eosinophilia, with 1 being diagnosed with eosinophilic leukemia and the other with extreme eosinophilic hyperplasia. Eosinophilic leukemia is rare in cats and has not previously been associated with retroviral infection. Changes in the viral envelope properties may have altered the pathogenicity of the exogenous virus to cause this rare form of leukemia.
Screening for neonatal isohemolytic anemia in calves
Authors: Luther D. Gene , Cox Hollis Utah , Nelson Walter O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Anti-erythrocytic immunoglobulins in serum and colostrum of 124 anaplasmosis-vaccinated cows were detected with a saline agglutination test. Positive results were correlated with the occurrence of neonatal isohemolytic anemia (nia) in calves and were used to predict the occurrence of nia. The disease was prevented by withholding colostrum from calves with a high potential for nia.
Effects of storage conditions on bovine carrier erythrocytes
Authors: DeLoach John R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine carrier rbc containing [14C]sucrose as a marker were stored for 23 days in protein-free media. Cell recovery was highest with a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 2 mM MgCl2, 5 mM inosine, 5 mM adenosine, and 10 mM glucose. A cell recovery of 60% was observed after 23 days of storage at 4 C. Stored carrier erythrocytes reinjected into cattle had an 18-day half-life, which is less than that for fresh carrier rbc.
Infection of early bovine embryos with bovine herpesvirus-1
Authors: Bowen R. A. , Elsden R. P. , Seidel G. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Recently hatched bovine embryos were exposed in vitro to 1 of 4 strains of bovine herpesvirus-1 to determine whether the viruses would replicate in these embryos and, if so, what pathologic consequences would ensue. Exposure to each of the viruses resulted in embryonic infection and death, and replication of the agents was demonstrated by electron microscopy and titration of progeny virus. There were no dramatic differences between virus strains in pathogenicity or in the ultrastructural pathologic findings of infection.
Microtubular mass defect of spermatozoa in the stallion
Authors: Heath E , Aire T. , Fujiwara K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A microtubular mass (mm) defect was found in the spermatozoa of 7 Standardbred stallions; 3 stallions were sons of the same sire. Two of these 3 stallions and 2 other stallions (for a total of 4 out of the 7 stallions) were considered subfertile when the defect was first observed. Fertility improved with time, either during the first breeding season or when a given stallion was used less frequently; however, the mm defect persisted, consisting of tortuous arrays of small abnormal microtubules visible only by transmission electron microscopy. The mm probably contained the protein tubulin as indicated by immunofluorescence. Microtubules of the mm were different from normal microtubules in being highly coiled, rather than straight, without interconnecting bridges or arms and had a 20% smaller cross-sectional diameter than did normal microtubules. Synthesis of the mm may occur near areas of the nuclear membranes normally associated with the manchette of the developing spermatid.
An Alcaligenes faecalis isolate from turkeys: Pathogenicity in selected avian and mammalian species
Authors: Marshall Dana R. , Simmons D. G. , Gray J. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An Alcaligenes faecalis isolate of known pathogenicity for turkeys was examined for adherence and cytotoxicity in tracheal organ cultures of turkeys, chickens, Japanese quail, guinea pigs, hamsters, and mice, and for colonization and pathogenicity in these 6 species. Adherence and colonization were detected by fluorescent antibody staining. Infected and noninfected tracheal rings were examined by phase-contrast microscopy for cytotoxicity (ciliostasis, blebing of the cell membrane, and sloughing of the ciliated epithelium). Alcaligenes faecalis adhered to the tracheal rings of all species examined. Cytotoxicity was apparent in the tracheal rings of turkeys, quail, and chickens. Cytotoxicity was not detected in tracheal rings from the mammalian species. Alcaligenes faecalis colonization of turbinates and tracheas of intact turkeys and quail was detected. Clinical signs of alcaligenes rhinotracheitis were observed and histopathologic characteristics of the disease were detected. Chickens, guinea pigs, hamsters, and mice were refractory to infection with this isolate of A faecalis.
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis exotoxin; Fatal hemolytic anemia induced in gnotobiotic neonatal small ruminants by parenteral administration of preparations containing exotoxin
Authors: Hsu Tsuey-Ying , Renshaw Harland W. , Livingston Charles W. , Augustine John L. , Zink Donald L. , Gauer Betty B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Inoculation of live Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, culture supernatant, ammonium sulfate fractionated crude exotoxin, or chromatographically purified exotoxin preparations into gnotobiotic small ruminants (n = 13) caused death of the ruminants within 48 hours. Characteristic changes observed in animals living ≥ 2 hours after inoculation included hemorrhage and edema at the site of injection, severe hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria, dark red fluid in body cavities, lung edema, and icterus. The crude exotoxin preparation caused a syndrome of acute shock in 2 lambs that died within 15 minutes after inoculation. Clinical and pathologic responses of animals inoculated with culture supernatant and purified toxin were similar. Histopathologic evidence indicated that the exotoxin caused necrotic changes in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. Inoculation with live organisms caused multiple foci of suppurative inflammation in skeletal muscle and adjacent adipose tissue, whereas such changes were not observed in animals administered exotoxin preparations. Although C pseudotuberculosis exotoxin induced a hemolytic anemia in the experimental animals, it did not lead to in vitro lysis of ovine, caprine, or bovine erythrocytes, unless they had been sensitized with Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi filtrate.
The toxic sphingomyelin-specific phospholipase D from C pseudotuberculosis had a molecular weight of 31,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of approximately 9.6. The elution profile of exotoxin on a carboxymethyl Sephadex column was studied and the majority of the enzymatic activity was eluted by a NaCl gradient (0.2.5 M to 0.7M) with a maximum at 0.35M NaCl. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis exotoxin may have several biological activities; Lethality for some animals including gnotobiotic small ruminants, partial hemolysin activity in vitro and hemolysis in vivo, staphylococcal β hemolysin inhibition, potentiation of staphylococcal E lysin, vascular permeability promoting factor, and necrotizing potential for some tissues.
Efficacy of the API Staph-Ident system for identification of Staphylococcus species from milk
Authors: Jasper D. E. , M F. Infante , Dellinger J. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 524 staphylococcal isolates from bovine milk were identified, using the API Staph-Ident system and conventional biochemical methods. The API Staph-Ident system correctly identified 192 of 201 (95.5%) Staphylococcus aureus isolates, but was correct on only 23 of 323 (7.1%) non-S aureus isolates.
Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine
Authors: Kincaid S. A. , Lidvall E. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a “tight,” restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a “buttress callus” which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.
Abnormal canine triiodothyronine-binding factor characterized as a possible triiodothyronine autoantibody
Authors: Young Diane W. , Sartin James L. , Kemppainen Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of more than 6,000 canine serum samples submitted to the Endocrine Diagnostic Laboratory of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Ala, for thyroid evaluation in 1983, 18 contained an abnormal triiodothyronine (T3)-binding factor (T3BF). These samples were easily distinguished from non-T3BF containing samples because the factor interfered with the radioimmunoassay for total T3 resulting in a profound increase in apparent values for T3 concentration. Most of the T3BF-containing samples did not have unusual thyroxine binding or inappropriate thyroxine concentrations.Triiodothyronine binding in samples containing T3BF was inhibited by addition of exogenous T3 and was, with one exception, not affected by the addition of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ans). Apparent affinity constants determined by Scatchard analysis were considerably greater than those of circulating T3-binding proteins found in human beings, but were similar to values obtained for human T3 autoantibodies.After the addition and incubation of [125I] T3 with T3BF-containing samples, a large fraction of the radioactivity bound by T3BF could be precipitated by the addition of goat antibody to dog immunoglobulin G. Additional observations that the binding was insensitive to inhibition by ans, was resistant to heat inactivation, and had a high apparent affinity constant for T3 were consistent with the idea that the factor was an autoantibody to T3.
Correlation of noninvasive surface temperature measurement with rectal temperature in swine
Authors: Zinn Kurt R. , Zinn Gene M. , Jesse George W. , Mayes Herman F. , Ellersieck Mark R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Skin and rectal temperature measurements were taken on 15 crossbred sows and gilts (225 kg) during the last 5 days of prepartum period and compared with those recorded in the first 8 days after parturition. The correlation of skin and rectal temperature values was not good during either period, although an increased correlation was noted in the postparturient period. The rectal temperature significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the postparturient period, but the mean surface temperature was unchanged. This would indicate a decreased blood flow to the surface, since an equivalent blood flow to the surface after a rectal temperature increase would result in a concomitant mean surface temperature increase. The decreased flow to the surface of the animal was selective, since a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in surface temperature was noted at the tailhead, perineum, vulva, mammae-caudal, and eye, whereas the surface temperature of the mammae-cranial and mammae-middle was significantly (P < 0.05) increased.
Comparison of the commercial agar-gel immunodiffusion test and radioimmunoprecipitation assay for detection of antibodies to bovine leukemia virus
Authors: Jacobsen Karen L. , Kaneene John B. , Miller Janice M. , Bull Robert W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a double-blind study, the commercial agar-gel immunodiffusion test (agid) was compared with a radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ria) performed with glycoprotein (gp) antigen for detection of antibodies to bovine leukemia virus. Of 240 sera tested, 115 were from adult cows and 125 were from precolostral calves. Most adult animals were tested within 1 week of parturition.
Sera from 74 cattle were positive and sera from 166 cattle were negative by gp ria. Sensitivity of the agid, compared with the gp ria, was 85.1% when the test was read at 48 hours and was 94.6% when read at 72 hours. Specificity increased from 92.2% at 48 hours to 96.4% at 72 hours. Reading the agid again at 72 hours also clarified most reactions that were questionable at 48 hours due to a haze around the test serum well.
Of 3 ria-positive precolostral calf sera, 2 were agid-negative and 1 had a questionable reaction by the agid at 48 hours. Of 5 ria-positive sera that were agid-negative at 48 hours, 2 were precolostral calves and 3 were cows tested at parturition. Of 166 ria-negative reactions, none was falsely positive by the agid at 48 or at 72 hours.
Effect of primary and recurrent infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection on the bovine ovary
Authors: Miller J. M. , Van Der Maaten M. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six heifers were inoculated iv at estrus with the Iowa or Colorado isolates of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv). Subsequent measurements of plasma progesterone indicated that corpus luteum function was depressed in all heifers. In the 1st estrous cycle after inoculation, progesterone values did not exceed 2 ng/ml in 3 heifers given the Iowa isolate. Although maximal progesterone values were ≥ 2 ng/ml in 3 heifers given the Colorado isolate, values were lower than those in later cycles. Five heifers had maximal diestrual progesterone values ≥ 5 ng/ml within 5 weeks after inoculation, but in the 6th heifer, this amount of progesterone was not present until 8 weeks after inoculation.
Three to 5 months after inoculation, all heifers were given 5 daily injections of dexamethasone, 2 heifers each during metestrus, diestrus, or proestrus. Subsequent recrudescence of ibrv was demonstrated in all heifers by the isolation of virus from vaginal or nasal swab samples. The heifers were killed 10 to 17 days after initiation of dexamethasone treatment and their reproductive organs were examined for lesions and ibrv. Lesions were not seen, and ibrv was isolated only from the corpus luteum of a heifer given dexamethasone during diestrus.
Contractile responses to histamine of isolated pulmonary artery strips from healthy and heartworm-infected dogs
Authors: O'Malley Nancy A. , Venugopalan Changaram S. , Crawford M. Patrick 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pulmonary artery strips from control and Dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs were tested for isometric contractile response to histamine, carbamylcholine, and norepinephrine. The strips from D immitis-positive dogs showed diminished response to histamine; a smaller percentage of the strips contracted, and the magnitude of the contraction was less than the response of the control strips to the highest concentration used. Carbamylcholine caused virtually no contractile effect in either group. Norepinephrine contracted all strips, even those not responding to histamine. A role for histamine in the pathogenesis of the pulmonary arterial lesions associated with dirofilariasis is presented.
Effects of experimentally induced Isospora suis infection on morbidity, mortality, and weight gains in nursing pigs
Authors: Lindsay David S. , Current William L. , Taylor Julie R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Forty-nine pigs from 6 litters were inoculated at 3 days of age with 300,000 sporulated oocysts of Isospora suis to determine the effects of neonatal coccidiosis on morbidity, mortality, and weight gain in nursing pigs. Fifty-one control pigs from 6 litters were not inoculated. Three to 5 days after inoculation, the inoculated pigs developed a nonhemorrhagic diarrhea, generally lasting 6 to 10 days, that lead to visible dehydration, loss of condition, and 20.4% mortality. Control pigs did not die or develop coccidiosis during the 3-week study and had significantly (P < 0.05) greater body weights at 7, 14, and 21 days of age than did the inoculated pigs.
Technique for percutaneous pulmonary arterial catheterization in conscious dogs
Authors: Henderson R. A. , Dillon A. R. , Brawner W. R. , Wilson S. G. , Hanrahan L. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A technique was developed to allow percutaneous placement and exchange of pulmonary arterial catheters in conscious dogs. Seven dogs were catheterized weekly for 5 weeks, using a 10-gauge over-the-needle cannula. A No. 7 F flow-directed catheter was passed through the cannula to measure right heart and pulmonary arterial pressures and to calculate cardiac output. The flow-directed catheter was removed and replaced with an arteriographie catheter, and a pulmonary arteriogram was performed. Placement in alternate jugular or saphenous veins each week resulted in successful catheterizations in all dogs evaluated.
Changes in urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations in the vitreous humor of cattle after death
Authors: Lane V. M. , Lincoln S. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The mean urea nitrogen concentration in vitreous humor (vun) in 97 healthy steers after death was 15.7 mg/dl. The mean serum urea nitrogen concentration in the same cattle was 20.0 mg/dl. The mean vitreous creatinine (vc) concentration was 0.7 mg/dl, and the serum creatinine value was 1.5 mg/dl. The vun and vc were both significantly lower than serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, respectively, but varied in a consistent, predictable manner.
In tests with 10 cows, postmortem intervals as long as 36 hours and ambient temperatures up to 30 C had no significant effects on vun and vc.
Evaluation of 8 animals with uremia confirmed that the vitreous humor is a stable fluid compartment after death, usable as an indicator of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine.
Dexamethasone-induced recrudescence of malignant catarrhal fever and associated lymphosarcoma and granulomatous disease in a Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus)
Authors: Heusckele Werner P. , Nielsen N. O. , Oosterhuis James E. , Castro Anthony E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) was diagnosed in a 2-week-old Formosan sika deer. The fawn had been previously exposed to a clinically normal neonatal wildebeest calf from which alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 was isolated. Alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 was isolated from buffy coat leukocytes and nasal and ocular secretions of the fawn during the acute illness. The fawn clinically recovered after 3 weeks. Virus was not recovered from blood at this time. Dexamethasone, given 4 months after clinical recovery, resulted in reisolation of mcf virus from blood and recrudescence of clinical mcf. The deer was euthanatized. At necropsy, pathognomonic lesions of mcf, granulomatous disease, and malignant lymphoma were observed. Antibodies to bovine leukosis viral antigens were not detected in the serum. The epidemiologic and pathogenetic importance of the findings are discussed.
Pharmacokinetics of small doses of 3-methylindole given to horses
Authors: Thomas D. E. , Beadle R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pharmacokinetics of 3-methylindole (3MI) given orally in 2 doses (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) to horses were determined.
The pharmacokinetic plasma-concentration profiles for 3MI (10- and 20-mg/kg dosages) in horses were represented by a 2-compartment open model with first-order absorption, as determined by nonlinear least-squares regression analysis. Absorption of 3MI at both dosages was rapid. Comparisons of the peak plasma concentrations, the postdistribution half lives, total clearances, and areas under the curve of the plasma-concentration profiles between the 10- and the 20-mg/kg dosages may indicate the presence of nonlinear or dose-dependent kinetics for 3MI in horses.
Susceptibility of male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to Brucella ovis infection
Authors: Barron S. J. , Kocan A. A. , Morton R. J. , Thedford T. R. , McCain C. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Infection with Brucella ovis was established by conjunctival instillation in 8 male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Infection was transient in young bucks, but persisted in bucks that were mature when inoculated. The deer were euthanatized and necropsied at various intervals after inoculation. Brucella ovis was recovered from a mature buck at necropsy on postinoculation day 429. Four deer had gross lesions and histopathologic changes of the epididymides. A mature noninfected buck confined for 7 months with an infected buck acquired infection and developed epididymal lesions.