bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioanalytical Application of the Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Modified Electrodes
Authors: Zhu Liande , Tian Chunyuan , Yang Dongxu , Jiang Xiaoyan , Yang Ruilan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn ordered mesoporous carbon modified electrode (OMCE) was prepared by film forming method. The electrochemical behavior of the OMCE was evaluated in connection with the electrochemistry of some electroactive biospecies, such as ascorbic acid (AA), acetaminophenol (AP), cysteine (CySH), dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), uric acid (UA), β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced disodium salt hydrate, NADH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with cyclic voltammetry. Compared with the conventional carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphite powder (GP) modified electrodes, the OMCE provided the best electrochemical reactivities in all cases associated with decreased over potential, better‐defined peak shape, and higher sensitivity. In addition, the OMC, CNT, and GP modified electrodes were employed as sensitive sensors for H2O2 and NADH quantification and as stable platforms for the fabrication of glucose and ethanol biosensors on which the enzymes were immobilized.
A Novel Cell Design for the Improved Stripping Voltammetric Detection of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) on Commercial Screen‐Printed Strips by Bismuth Codeposition in Stirred Solutions
Authors: Granado Rico Ma Ángeles , Olivares‐Marín Mara , Gil Eduardo Pinilla 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel electrochemical cell design is proposed to allow fast, reproducible and highly efficient convective transport of dissolved substances to screen‐printed electrochemical three‐electrode strips mounted on miniaturized plastic vessels, with the goal of improving detection limits in disposable electrochemical stripping field sensors. The experimental configuration has been tested for accumulation of the selected heavy metals ions Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), codeposited with bismuth ions on a carbon disk screen‐printed working electrode before detection by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Chemical and instrumental variables of the proposed device and associate electrochemical method were optimized. Selected parameters gave detection limits in the low ng mL−1 range with moderate deposition time (120 s). Practical applicability was tested on certified water and real samples (tap water and waste water), with acceptable results, suggesting potential usefulness for field environmental monitoring of heavy metals.
Unit commitment using a new integer coded genetic algorithm
Authors: Amjady Nima , Shirzadi Ali 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a new Integer‐Coded Genetic Algorithm (ICGA) for the solution of the thermal unit commitment problem. The thermal generating units scheduling consists of the sequence of operation/reservation times of the generating units, which is coded into a sequence of alternating sign integer numbers in the proposed ICGA. The minimum up and down time constraints of the generating units are directly coded in the chromosome structure of the ICGA. The proposed ICGA has a new hybrid crossover composed of modified average bound and swapping operators. In addition, a combination of uniform and non‐uniform mutations is used as the mutation operator. As a result, the algorithm robustness is improved. Test results with systems of up to 300 units and 24 hours scheduling horizon are presented. The comparison of the obtained results with those of other Unit Commitment (UC) methods justifies the effectiveness of the proposed method in light of minimizing the total operation cost. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal production cost of the power producers with linear ramp model using FDR PSO algorithm
Authors: Anitha M. , Subramanian S. , Gnanadass R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn practice, the power producers have to be rescheduled for power generation beyond their power limits to meet vulnerable situations like credible contingency and increase in load conditions. During this process, the ramping cost is incurred if they violate their permissible elastic limits. In this paper, optimal production costs of the power producers are computed with ramping cost considering stepwise and piecewise linear ramp rate limits using fitness distance ratio particle swarm optimization (FDR PSO) algorithm. Transient stability constraints are also considered while formulating the optimal power flow (OPF) problem as additional rotor angle inequality constraints. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated on a practical 39 bus New England and 62 bus Indian Utility system with different case studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incorporating power system security into market‐clearing of day‐ahead joint energy and reserves auctions
Authors: Aghaei J. , Shayanfar H. , Amjady N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper is intended to introduce a technique for incorporating system security into the clearing of day‐ahead joint electricity markets, with particular emphasis on the voltage stability. A Multiobjective Mathematical Programming (MMP) formulation is implemented for provision of ancillary services (Automatic Generation Control or AGC, spinning, non‐spinning, and operating reserves) as well as energy in simultaneous auctions by pool‐based aggregated market scheme. In the proposed market‐clearing structure, the security problem, as an important responsibility of ISO, is addressed and a nonlinear model is formulated and used as the extra objective functions of the optimization problem. Thus, in the MMP formulation of the market‐clearing process, the objective functions (including augmented generation offer cost, overload index, voltage drop index, and loading margin) are optimized while meeting AC power flow constraints, system reserve requirements, and lost opportunity cost (LOC) considerations. The IEEE 24‐bus Reliability Test System (RTS 24‐bus) is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of the fourth‐order compact difference scheme on computational properties of 3D grids in a nonhydrostatic model
Authors: Liu Yu‐di , Zhang Qing‐hong , Lau K. H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo investigate the potential of the fourth‐order compact difference scheme within the specific context of numerical atmospheric models, a linear baroclinic adjustment system is discretized, using a variety of candidates for practically meaningful staggered 3D grids. A unified method is introduced to derive the dispersion relationship of the baroclinic geostrophic adjustment process. Eight popular 3D grids are obtained by combining contemporary horizontal staggered grids, such as the Arakawa C and Eliassen grids, with optimal vertical grids, such as the Lorenz and Charney‐Phillip (CP) grids, and their time‐staggered versions. The errors produced on the 3D grids in describing the baroclinic geostrophic adjustment process relative to the differential case are compared in terms of frequency and group velocity components with the elimination of implementation error. The results show that by utilizing the fourth‐order compact difference scheme with high precision, instead of the conventional second‐order centered difference scheme, the errors in describing baroclinic geostrophic adjustment process decrease but only when using the combinations of the horizontally staggered Arakawa C grid and the vertically staggered CP or the C/CP grid, the time‐horizontally staggered Eliassen (EL) grid and vertically staggered CP or the EL/CP grid, the C grid and the vertically time‐staggered versions of Lorenz (LTS) grid or C/LTS grid, EL grid and LTS grid or EL/LTS grid. The errors were found to increase for specific waves on the rest grids. It can be concluded that errors produced on the chosen 3D grids do not universally decrease when using the fourth‐order compact difference scheme; hence, care should be taken when implementing the fourth‐order compact difference scheme, otherwise, the expected benefits may be offset by increased errors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity and Selectivity of Captodative Olefins as Dienes in Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Sanabria Rubén , Herrera Rafael , Aguilar Raúl , González‐Romero Carlos , Jiménez‐Vázquez Hugo A. , Delgado Francisco , Söderberg Björn C. G. , Tamariz Joaquín 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe reactivity and selectivity of the the captodative olefins 1‐acylvinyl benzoates 1a–1f and 3a as heterodienes in hetero‐Diels–Alder reactions in the presence of electron‐rich dienophiles is described. Heterodienes 1 undergo regioselective cycloaddition with the alkyl vinyl etherdienophiles 6a,b and 9 to give the corresponding dihydro‐2H‐pyrans 7, 8, and 10 under thermal conditions. The reactivity of these cycloadditions depends, to a large extent, on the electronic demand of the substituent in the aroyloxy group of the heterodiene. Frontier‐molecular‐orbital (FMO; ab initio) and density‐functional‐theory (DFT) calculations of the ground and transition states account for the reactivity and regioselectivity observed in these processes.
Formal Synthesis of Olivacine via Indolylborate
Authors: Ishikura Minoru , Takahashi Norinobu , Yamada Koji , Abe Takumi , Yanada Reiko 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed tandem cyclization–cross‐coupling reaction of indolylborate 2 and vinyl bromide 5 was successfully applied in a short formal synthesis of olivacine. The reaction of 2 with 5 in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 readily afforded three kinds of products, triene derivative 6 and vinylindole derivative 7, along with a small amount of the piperidine derivative 8 (Scheme 2). On the other hand, the reactions of 2 with bromide 10 or 15 were also examined (Schemes 4 and 5), and their outcome markedly depended on the relative ease of ring closure as a function of ring size. Irradiation of 6 with a high‐pressure mercury lamp (→9; Scheme 2), followed by removal of the N‐[(benzyloxy)carbonyl] group and subsequent oxidation afforded, after deprotection, pyridocarbazole 23, and the conversion of 23 to olivacine is known (Scheme 6).
Nortriterpenoids from Schisandra wilsoniana
Authors: Yang Guang‐Yu , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Chang Ying , Wang Rui‐Rui , Pu Jian‐Xin , Gao Xue‐Mei , Lei Chun , Lu Yang , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Sun Han‐Dong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThree new highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids, wilsonianadilactones A–C (1–3), together with twelve known ones, i.e., 4–15, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra wilsoniana. Their structures were established by means of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, and compound 1 was further confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic diffraction. Compounds 1–3 showed weak anti‐HIV‐1 activity with EC50 values of 23.5, 55.5, and 66.4 μg/ml, respectively.
Highly Oxygenated Triterpenoids from the Marine Red Alga Laurencia mariannensis (Rhodomelaceae)
Authors: Ji Nai‐Yun , Li Xiao‐Ming , Xie Hua , Ding Jian , Li Ke , Ding Lan‐Ping , Wang Bin‐Gui 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo new and one known squalenoid‐derived triterpenoids, namely, laurenmariannol (1) and (21α)‐21‐hydroxythyrsiferol (2), and the known thyrsiferol (3) were isolated and identified from the marine red alga Laurencia mariannensis, which was collected off the coast of Hainan and Weizhou Islands of China. The structures of these compounds were established by means of spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison with literature data. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed significant cytotoxic activity against P‐388 tumor cells with IC50 values of 0.6 and 6.6 μg/ml, respectively.
Four New Cycloartane (=9,19‐Cyclolanostane) Saponins from the Aerial Parts of Thalictrum fortunei
Authors: Sun Hui , Zhang Xian‐Tao , Wang Lei , Zhang Xiao‐Qi , Wang Ying , Chen Si‐Bao , Xiao Pei‐Gen , Ye Wen‐Cai 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe four new cycloartane (=9,19‐cyclolanostane) glycosides 1–4 were isolated from the aerial parts of Thalictrum fortunei (Ranunculaceae). The structures of these new glycosides were elucidated as (3β,16β,24S)‐cycloartane‐3,16,24,25,30‐pentol 3,25‐di‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), (3β,16β,24S)‐24‐(acetyloxy)cycloartane‐3,16,25,30‐tetrol 3,25‐di‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), (3β,16β,24S)‐24‐(acetyloxy)‐3‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)cycloartane‐16,25,30‐triol 25‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside] (3), and (3β,16β,24S)‐24‐(acetyloxy)‐3‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)cycloartane‐16,25,30‐triol 25‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside] (4). The structure elucidations were accomplished by 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR methods, HR‐ESI‐MS, and hydrolysis.
An Improved Convergent Strategy for the Synthesis of Oligoprenols
Authors: Yu Xiong‐Jie , Zhang Hao , Xiong Fang‐Jun , Chen Xu‐Xiang , Chen Fen‐Er 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA practical and highly regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of oligoprenols starting from commercially available geraniol is described. The convergent synthetic strategy features the iterative allyl‐allyl coupling of monomers easily derived from geraniol that contain one reacting terminal functional group and the repetitive reductive elimination of the p‐toluenesulfonyl (Ts) groups.
Oligostilbenoids from Dipterocarpaceaeous Plants: A New Resveratrol Tetramer from Vateria indica and the Revised Structure of Isohopeaphenol
Authors: Ito Tetsuro , Abe Naohito , Oyama Masayoshi , Iinuma Munekazu 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe investigation of phenolic constituents in Vateria indica afforded five resveratrol tetramers, vateriaphenols B and C, isohopeaphenol, hopeaphenol, and shoreaketone. Their structures and configurations were established by spectroscopic methods. The structure assigned to vateriaphenol C was found to be identical with the structure reported in the literature for the resveratrol tetramer isohopeaphenol. The structure of isohopeaphenol was revised and confirmed by spectroscopic evidences.
Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered central Amazonian Ferralsol amended with compost and charcoal
Authors: Steiner Christoph , Glaser Bruno , Geraldes Teixeira Wenceslau , Lehmann Johannes , Blum Winfried E.H. , Zech Wolfgang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLeaching losses of N are a major limitation of crop production on permeable soils and under heavy rainfalls as in the humid tropics. We established a field trial in the central Amazon (near Manaus, Brazil) in order to study the influence of charcoal and compost on the retention of N. Fifteen months after organic‐matter admixing (0–0.1 m soil depth), we added 15N‐labeled (NH4)2SO4 (27.5 kg N ha–1 at 10 atom% excess). The tracer was measured in top soil (0–0.1 m) and plant samples taken at two successive sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) harvests. The N recovery in biomass was significantly higher when the soil contained compost (14.7% of applied N) in comparison to only mineral‐fertilized plots (5.7%) due to significantly higher crop production during the first growth period. After the second harvest, the retention in soil was significantly higher in the charcoal‐amended plots (15.6%) in comparison to only mineral‐fertilized plots (9.7%) due to higher retention in soil. The total N recovery in soil, crop residues, and grains was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on compost (16.5%), charcoal (18.1%), and charcoal‐plus‐compost treatments (17.4%) in comparison to only mineral‐fertilized plots (10.9%). Organic amendments increased the retention of applied fertilizer N. One process in this retention was found to be the recycling of N taken up by the crop. The relevance of immobilization, reduced N leaching, and gaseous losses as well as other potential processes for increasing N retention should be unraveled in future studies.
The role of Ni(II) in the oxidation of glycylglycine dipeptide by peroxomonosulfatex
Authors: Thendral P. , Shailaja S. , Ramachandran M. S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe kinetics of oxidation of the dipeptide glycylglycine by peroxomonosulfate (PMS) was studied in the pH range of 3.42–5.89. The rate is first order in [PMS], glycylglycine concentration, and inverse first order in [H+]. The kinetic data suggest that SO2−5reacts, with glycylglycine, faster than HSO−5 by five orders of magnitude. The observed kinetics can be explained as due to the formation of an intermediate by the nucleophilic interaction of peroxide with the terminal protonated amine of glycylglycine, which then decomposes in the rate‐limiting step to the product aldehyde. The thermodynamic parameters are evaluated. The reaction is catalyzed by Ni(II) ions only when pH ⩽ 4.63, and above this pH the rate is zero order with respect to [Ni(II)]. Perusal of the enhanced rate constant values suggests that the Ni‐peroxide intermediate also reacts with glycylglycine. The Ni‐dipeptide complex is not oxidized by PMS, and this complex in fact inhibits the formation of Ni‐peroxide intermediate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 18–26, 2009
Visualization approaches for the prototype improvement problem
Authors: Statnikov Roman , Anil Kivanc Ali , Bordetsky Alex , Statnikov Alexander 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOne of the basic engineering optimization problems is improvement of the prototype. This problem is often encountered by industrial and academic organizations that produce and design various objects (e.g. motor vehicles, machine tools, ships, and aircrafts). This paper presents an approach for improving the prototype by constructing the feasible and Pareto sets while performing multicriteria analysis. We introduce visualization methods that facilitate construction of the feasible and Pareto sets. Using these techniques developed on the basis of Parameter Space Investigation method, an expert can correctly state and solve the problem under consideration in a series of dialogues with the computer. Finally, we present a case study of improving the ship prototype. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The informational content of the shape of utility functions: financial strategic behavior
Authors: Pennings Joost M.E. , Garcia Philip 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecently, Pennings and Smidts (2003) showed a relationship between organizational behavior and the global shape of the utility function. Their results suggest that the shape of the utility function may be related to ‘higher‐order’ decisions. This research examines the relationship between financial strategic decisions and the global shape of the utility function of real decision makers. We assess the shape of utility functions of portfolio managers and show that the global shape is related to their strategic asset allocation. The findings demonstrate the informational content of the shape of utility functions in the context of financial strategic behavior. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the longitudinal validity and minimally important difference of the 8‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐8)
Authors: Luo Nan , Tan Louis C.S. , Zhao Yingjiao , Lau Puay‐Ngoh , Au Wing‐Lok , Li Shu Chuen 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe aim of our study was to assess the longitudinal validity of the 8‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐8) in terms of responsiveness and test–retest reliability and to determine the minimally important difference (MID) for PDQ‐8 using the anchor‐based approach in Asians with Parkinson's disease (PD). A consecutive sample of PD patients attending a tertiary neuroscience clinic in Singapore completed the English or Chinese version of PDQ‐8 twice during two different clinic visits. During the second visit, patients were also asked to rate their changes in health in general, PD severity, and overall impact of PD since at the time of their first visit 1 year ago using a 5‐point response scale. A total of 96 patients participated in the study. For patients who reported changed conditions in the second visit, responsiveness measured by Cohen's effect size, standardized response mean, and Guyatt's responsiveness index ranged from 0.21 to 0.68. The intraclass correlation coefficient values calculated using patients reporting no change in health or PD status ranged from 0.64 to 0.76. The mean changed PDQ‐8 summary index score in patients who reported that their health or PD status worsened only “a little bit” ranged from 5.8 to 7.4 points. Our current results show that PDQ‐8 is a longitudinally reliable and responsive measure for assessing the health‐related quality of life in patients with PD. The MID of the PDQ‐8 estimated in the study will further support the use of this instrument in both clinical research and practice. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Increased oxidative stress in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism‐dementia complex in the Kii peninsula, Japan
Authors: Morimoto Satoru , Kuzuhara Shigeki , Kokubo Yasumasa 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism‐dementia complex of the Kii peninsula (Kii ALS/PDC) is an endemic and a tauopathy, which shows clinical symptoms of amyotrophy, parkinsonism, and dementia. The objective of this study was to report the role of oxidative stress on Kii ALS/PDC using biochemical analysis. Urinary 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG)/creatinine ratio was analyzed in 11 patients with Kii ALS/PDC and 8 normal controls. The mean level of urinary 8‐OHdG/creatinine ratio of the patients with Kii ALS/PDC was significantly higher than that of control subjects. Oxidative stress may be implicated in pathogenesis of Kii ALS/PDC. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Modeling Web session behavior using cluster analysis: A comparison of three search settings
Authors: Wolfram Dietmar , Wang Peiling , Zhang Jin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSession characteristics taken from large transaction logs of three Web search environments (academic website, public search engine, consumer health information service) are modeled using cluster analysis to determine if different session groups emerge for each environment. The analysis reveals that several distinct clusters of session behaviors emerge, with brief “hit and run” sessions on focused topics, brief sessions on popular topics, and sustained sessions on focused topics with more query modifications. A better understanding of session characteristics can help system designers by developing interfaces or search features that cater to identifiable groups of users based on their search behaviors.
Towards a social affordances perspective of media capabilities and interface design
Authors: Turner Jason M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between collaborative group work and communication technologies. First, a model of experience depicting the most perceptually relevant aspects of group work was produced using self‐guided focus groups and survey responses. Eleven elements of the group work context, their interrelationships, and technologies supporting collaborative activity were described. The model suggested communication technologies are situated within contexts of use that affect and are affected by relevant aspects of that context. Participant task groups then resolved various problems using one of three technologies: face‐to‐face, voice conferencing, or chat. Activity unfolded longitudinally allowing for the emergence of situated actions, interaction, and technology effects. Individual and collective perceptions of how technology affected each element of the model, and how those elements impacted perceptions of technology, were analyzed via in‐depth interviews.