bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of rates of globin synthesis in normal human fetuses and neonates and in twins
Authors: Smith Merran B. , Cauchi M. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe factors responsible for the switch from γ‐to β‐globin synthesis, which occurs in man in the perinatal period, are still unknown. In this study the relationship of fetal maturity (as measured by gestation age and fetal weight) to changing rates of globin synthesis was analyzed. The relationship of rates of erythropoiesis to the switch was also analyzed. Rates of globin chain synthesis were studied in blood from fetuses from 10‐41 wk gestation, in neonates up to 6 mo of age, and in a series of twins from 29‐40 wk gestation. The β/γ‐globin synthesis ratio in fetal blood remained relatively constant until 30‐34 wk gestation when an increase in β‐globin production was observed. Adult levels of globin synthesis were present in neonates at 6‐9 wk after birth. The γ/α‐globin synthesis ratio showed a reciprocal change, falling after 30 wk gestation. Globin synthesis ratios in fetuses and neonates from 32‐41 wk post‐conception showed a significant correlation with age (β/γ: p < 0.001; β/α: p < 0.01; γ/α: p < 0.05), and there were significant correlations between the β/α and β/γ synthesis ratios and weight (p < 0.05 for both ratios). Globin synthesis ratios in 12 sets of twins from 29‐40 wk gestation were generally within the normal range for gestational age. However, the switch to β‐globin production was more advanced than expected from weight for some of these babies.
Functional characterization of the cells in chronic neutrophilic leukemia
Authors: Dotten Dale A. , Pruzanski Waldemar , Wong Dean 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLight and electron microscopy of neutrophils from chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) did not reveal differences from normal mature neutrophils. However, functional characterization of CNL cells showed marked differences when compared to normal cells. CNL neutrophils were much less viable in suboptimal conditions. Their survival was further reduced by autologous serum and was corrected by normal human serm. CNL cells showed very active phagocytosis, but their bactericidal activity was reduced in suboptimal conditions. The total content of lysozyme and β‐glucuronidase was lower in CNL cells compared to normal neutrophils, but the release of these enzymes from stimulated cells was much higher than normal. This observation is compatible with a marked lysosomal lability. Cells from the patients' peripheral blood and bone marrow showed excessive growth in CFU‐C assays. Marked susceptibility of CNL cells to cytotoxic activity of cold agglutinins, SLE sera, and CSFs was observed and may signify qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the membrane structure of CNL neutrophils, as compared to normal cells.
Synthesis of the minor fetal hemoglobin Fic in colonies of erythropoietic precursors isolated from human umbilical cord blood
Authors: Abraham E. C. , Reese A. L. , Stallings M. , Abraham A. , Garbutt G. J. , Huisman T. H. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe biosynthesis of the minor hemoglobin FIc, which contains acetylated γ chains, and the major hemoglobin Fo was studied during erythroid cell differentiation and maturation in cultures of erythroid precursors isolated from five human umbilical cord blood samples. A gradual decrease in the synthesis of Hb FIc was observed during the maturation of the erythroid cells when cultured from 7 to 15 days. The synthesis of Hb Fo did not show a consistent change; however, the relative synthesis of Hb FIc was the highest in the 7‐day‐old colonies and decreased at day 15 to levels observed in the reticulocytes. The addition of sodium butyrate, which is known to promote histone acetylation, significantly increased the synthesis of Hb FIc in 7‐day‐old colonies.
Fluoresceinated lectins as probe for cell surface changes associated with lymphocyte transformation
Authors: Strauchen James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLectins are plant‐derived proteins with specific affinities for simple or complex sugars and are potentially useful tools for investigation of the carbohydrate structure of the cell surface. A panel of fluoresceinated lectins was used to study the cell surface changes associated with lymphocyte transformation. The major determinants detected on peripheral blood lymphocytes were αD‐mannose,β‐D‐galactose and N‐acetyl‐glucosamine. Phytohemagglutinin transformation was associated with increased binding of lectins specific for N‐acetyl‐galactosamine. MOLT‐4, a T‐lymphoblast cell line in continuous culture, was associated with increased binding of lectins specific for N‐acetyl‐galactosamine and L‐fucose. Application of fluoresceinated lectins may be a useful tool in the classification of lymphoid cells.
Surface antigenic phenotypes of human T‐cell leukemia corresponding to those of post‐thymic T cells
Authors: Ishii Yoshifumi , Fujimoto Junichiro , Kon Shinichiro , Ogasawara Minoru , Koshiba Hirofumi , Mikuni Chikara , Kikuchi Kokichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukemic cells from eight adult patients with various types of T‐cell leukemias, including one patient with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (T‐LSL), two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T‐CLL), and five patients with adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL), were analyzed for their surface antigenic phenotypes with a series of monoclonal antibodies directing to human T‐cell differentiation antigens. All of the leukemic T cells studied were regarded as being of post‐thymic T‐cell origin because of their ability to form rosettes with sheep red cells under the condition at 4oC but not 37oC as well as the expression of human Ly‐1‐like but not TL‐like antigen on their cell surfaces. By using monoclonal antibodies to a variety of human T‐cell antigens (Leu‐1, Leu‐2a, and Leu‐3a), all eight cases could be divided into either group of three distinct categories. Thus, one patient with T‐LSL had cells with Leu‐1+2a+3a+ phenotype, which might reflect possible post‐thymic precursor T cells, whereas one patient with T‐CLL had cells with the same phenotype (Leu‐1+2a+3a‐) as normal cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. The latter cells also expressed Ia antigens as defined by monoclonal antihuman Ia antibody. The remaining six cases, including one T‐CLL and five ATL patients, had leukemic cells with the same phenotype (Leu‐1+2a‐3a+) as normally found on helper/inducer T cells, despite distinct clinical and immunological features between T‐CLL and ATL. Some clinical findings observed in those patients may reflect functional activities retained by their leukemic T cells.
A rapid quantitation of platelet‐associated igg by nephelometry
Authors: Morse Bernard S. , Giuliani Dennis , Nussbaum Murray 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlatelet‐associated IgG (PAIgG) was measured by a simple rapid nephelometric technique using washed solubilized platelets and commercially available, prestandardized reagents. Normal subjects with normal platelet counts had PAIgG levels of 2.1–6.7 fg/platelet. Subjects with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) had levels of 7.2–43.3 fg/platelet. Ninety percent of ITP patients had values exceeding 2 SD units of the mean of normal subjects. Elevated values were also found in 17% of patients with recovered ITP, patients with SLE with and without thrombocytopenia, patients with thrombocytopenia occurring during septicemia, and patients with IgG myeloma. Results can be obtained within several hours of receipt of blood specimen, and are similar to the reports that used more complex techniques.
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Recovery after plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, splenectomy, and antiplatelet agents
Authors: Rothberg Harvey , Pachter Ilana , Kosmin Martin , Stevens D. Barton 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 68‐year‐old woman severely ill with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) made a complete recovery after splenectomy was added to a program of corticosteroids, antiplatelet agents, and plasmapheresis. The authors review the subject of therapy of TTP. They advise high‐dose corticosteroids, antiplatelet agents, and plasmapheresis, with splenectomy to be considered as an effective alternative.
Simultaneous evaluation for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and myeloperoxidase in leukemia
Authors: Folds J. D. , Bollum F. J. , Dean L. , Chan J. , Stass S. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA technique for dual staining of cells using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) is described. The technique has been applied to cells of two patients. One patient had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia evolving into acute myelomonocytic leukemia. The other patient had chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis. Our findings indicate that TdT and MPO are exclusive markers except for a rare precursor cell with dual staining in one patient. This study supports the concept of acute mixed leukemia.
Dr antigen positive monocyte‐macrophages control granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating activity and burst promoting activity elaboration in man
Authors: Verma D. S. , Spitzer G. , Beran M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate the mechanisms that modulate granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating activity (GM‐CSA) and burst promoting activity (BPA) elaboration, we studied human peripheral blood‐derived monocyte‐macrophage (MØ) and T‐lymphocyte (TL) interaction. Coincubation of live MØ with autologous TL at a 1:3 ratio in the presence of 1% phytohemagglutinin synergistically increased GM‐CSA (6 of 6 experiments) and BPA (4 of 6 experiments) (P <0.002). Prior treatment of MØ with cycloheximide or actinomycin D significantly (P < 0.002) diminished this MØ's capacity to collaborate with TL. Mitomycin C treatment did not. Live MØ also enhanced TL‐derived GM‐CSA (P <0.002) and BPA (P <0.001). This enhancement was again compromised by prior cycloheximide or actinomycin D treatment, but not by mitomycin C treatment. Further experiments in which we blocked DR antigen on MØ membrane with monoclonal anti‐DR antibodies suggested that MØ required their membrane DR antigen to collaborate with TL in elaborating GM‐CSA and BPA.
Change of enzyme properties caused by cross‐linking treatment of human erythrocytes
Authors: Ikawa M. , Yoshida A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAragon et al [4] reported that rat erythrocytes can be cross‐linked and permeabilized without significant inactivation or alteration of several enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. If this is the case, in situ kinetic analysis of the red cell enzymes in normal human red cells and abnormal red cells associated with hemolytic problems could be performed. However, we found that the treatment of human red cells with several bifunctional cross‐linking reagents under various conditions always caused a certain extent of inactivation and a change in kinetic properties of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Thus, the cross‐linking and permeabilization method, as it stands, is not satisfactory for in situ kinetic analysis of red cell enzymes.
Periodic neutropenia and monocytopenia
Authors: Adams William H. , Liu Yong K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with periodic neutropenia exhibited simultaneous monocytopenia, and epinephrine infusion revealed no monocytes in the marginating pool during neutropenia. Lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelets also fluctuated periodically, but serial bone marrow studies and epinephrine infusion data indicate these fluctuations could have represented epiphenomena rather than a more global form of periodic hematopoiesis. Bone marrow descriptions of most cases of periodic neutropenia have indicated a “maturation arrest” at the promyelocyte or myelocyte stage prior to development of neutropenia; peripheral blood monocytes are usually normal or fluctuate out of phase with neutrophils. In the present case, “maturation arrest” occurred at the myeloblast stage, and neutrophils and monocytes cycled together. Morphologically normal eosinophilopoiesis with a mean eosinophil to erythroid ratio in the marrow of 0.27 ± 0.10 (SD) persisted despite a sustained disappearance of promyelocytes.
Chlorpromazine‐induced lupus anticoagulant and associated immunologic abnormalities
Authors: Canoso Rosa T. , Sise Herbert S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChronic administration of chlorpromazine is associated with the development of a lupus‐like circulating anticoagulant and a variety of immunological abnormalities. The prevalence of these findings was studied in 123 psychiatric patients. The anticoagulant was present in 11 of 30 patients receiving chlorpromazine (CPZ), in none of 17 patients who had been off phenothiazine therapy for over a year and in none of 53 controls. It was also seen in 5 of 13 patients who had been switched from CPZ to another phenothiazine even after several years being off CPZ. The anticoagulant was characterized by prolongation of the partial thromboplastin time, thromboplastin dilution test, and Russell's viper venom time. Washed frozen platelets partially corrected the abnormality induced by the anticoagulant. In all but one case the anticoagulant was associated with positive antinuclear antibody test and/or increased serum IgM. Six of 16 patients also had decreased complement levels, and two had a positive direct Coombs' test. None of these patients manifested bleeding, hemolysis, splenomegaly, or other clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Fetal hemoglobin in women with normal and with hydatidiform molar pregnancy
Authors: Lee John C. , Hayashi Robert H. , Shepard Marguerite K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe quantity and the rate of synthesis of fetal hemoglobin (HbF); the level of HbF‐containing erythrocytes (F cells); and the levels of progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) in serial blood samples from women at different stages of pregnancy were determined. An increase was observed in the synthesis and the quantity of maternal HbF, reaching a peak at about 9–12 weeks gestation. A major peak in F‐cell level was also detected at about 9–12 weeks, with two minor peaks appearing at about 16–20 and 22–24 weeks. Levels of HCG, HCS, and progesterone also varied during pregnancy. Timing of the rise and fall of HCG levels corresponded to that of maternal HbF levels, whereas levels of HCS and progesterone did not reach their peak until later stages of gestation when HbF level had returned to normal.Similar analysis conducted on patients with hydatidiform molar pregnancy revealed that the majority (>95%) of these patients showed significant increases in HbF synthesis at the time of molar evacuation, but decreased to normal levels in approximately 30 days postevacuation. A similar profile in the levels of HCG, but not progesterone and HCS, was observed. A positive correlation between levels of HCG and HbF can be established (correlation coefficient = 0.94). These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that HCG may act as a stimulus for the enhanced HbF synthesis in adults.
An assessment of the fibrinolytic system in hemophilia A
Authors: Eyster M. Elaine , Wahl Gary , Ballard James O. , Sanders Jeffrey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fibrinolytic system was assessed in 28 hemophiliacs using the chromogenic substrate H‐D‐Val‐Leu‐Lys‐pNA. To determine whether a state of hyperfibrinolysis might be associated with Factor VIII replacement therapy, 14 patients with severe disease who were intensively treated with Factor VIII concentrates were compared with 14 patients with mild disease who were receiving infrequent transfusions with cryoprecipitate or fresh frozen plasma. Seventeen normal males served as controls. With the exception of an elevated level of plasminogen activator and a decreased level of immediate antiplasmin in the mild group only, no evidence of enhanced fibrinolysis was found. Other components of the fibrinolytic system were either normal (plasmin) or increased (progressive antiplasmin containng both α2PI and α2M, and plasminogen). The elevated plasminogen levels were found only in the severe intensively transfused group. The elevated progressive antiplasmin levels were found in both groups of patients and did not appear to be related to transfusions. These findings do not support the concept of enhanced fibrinolysis associated with intensive Factor VIII replacement therapy.
Neonatal screening of β‐thalassemias by thin layer isoelectric focusing
Authors: Cossu Gianfranco , Manca Mario , Pirastru M. Gavina , Bullitta Renza , Bosisio Adriana Bianchi , Gianazza Elisabetta , Righetti Pier Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs an alternative to the recently proposed screening for β‐thalassemias by isoelectric focusing (IEF) of denatured globin chains in urea‐detergent gels [6], IEF of intact hemoglobins, obtained from umbilical cord blood in neonatal units, is reported here. For maximum separation, IEF should be performed in nonlinear pH gradients, in gels containing 0.2 M β‐alanine and 0.2 M 6‐amino caproic acid, which flatten the pH gradient around pH 7, thus increasing the resolution between HbA and HbFac. The method can unambiguously detect homozygous and heterozygous β‐thalassemic conditions. A bimodal distribution of HbA at birth has been found: In heterozygous patients, HbA values of 9.02% (range 6.8–9.98%) have been found while in normal newborns HbA levels of 20.34% (range 11.02–30.6%) have been demonstrated.
Tumours of the mononuclear phagocyte system: A review of clinical and pathological features
Authors: Burns Bruce F. , Evans William K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCells of the mononuclear‐phagocyte system (MPS) may give rise to a wide variety of tumours of diverse morphology ranging from acute leukemia to small benign tumours of the skin. This review of tumours of the MPS was prompted by recent advances in understanding of tumour morphology and immunologic features. It is now possible to differentiate tumours of the MPS more precisely from tumours of lymphoid origin with which they have often been confused; however, controversy still exists as to the origin of the malignant cell of Hodgkin disease. Current evidence is reviewed which favours the view that the malignant cell of Hodgkin disease is of monocyte origin. A classification of MPS tumours based on organ system of origin and disease extent is presented.
The treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia in patients 30 years of age and younger
Authors: Preisler H. D. , Brecher M. , Browman G. , Early A. P. , Walker I. R. , Raza A. , Freeman A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia in childhood and young adults has lagged behind that for acute lymphocytic leukemia. The studies described here were directed towards evaluating the role of intensive chemotherapy in the treatment of this illness. Intensive remission induction therapy combining cytosine arabinoside with an anthracycline antibiotic produced a complete remission rate comparable to that achieved in acute lymphocytic leukemia (45 of 49 patients or 92%). Intensive consolidation chemotherapy produced a median duration of complete remission of 160 weeks with 40% of patients projected to be in remission at 4 years. By contrast, the median duration of remission for patients treated with moderate consolidation/maintenance therapy was 23 weeks with only 10% of patients in remission at 4 years. These studies demonstrate that intensive chemotherapy can be administered to pediatric patients and young adults and that this approach to therapy produces a high remission rate with a 3 year median duration of remission.
Clinical pilot study of a cytotoxic antiserum in myeloblastic leukemia
Authors: Heyworth M. F. , Wainscoat J. S. , O'Hea A. M. , Schifferli J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA large dose of equine antilymphocytic globulin (ALG, 120 mg/kg/day) was given intravenously to four patients with myeloblastic leukemia. Leukemic myeloblasts from each patient were lysed by the ALG in vitro, in the presence of the same patient's serum complement. In each patient, ALG infusion was followed by a reduction in the count of circulating leukemic myeloblasts, and a fall in the serum levels of C3 and C4 complement. It is likely that complement‐mediated lysis of circulating leukemic myeloblasts occurred in these patients, as a result of ALG administration.
Skeletal muscle uptake of Tc 99m pyrophosphate in amyloidosis
Authors: Johnston James B. , Rayner Harry L. , Trevenen Cynthia , Greenberg David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a patient with amyloidosis involving the heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscles, a Tc 99m pyrophosphate “bone” scan demonstrated intense uptake of tracer by the skeletal muscles; but not by the heart or kidneys. Using the alizarin red stain, prominent calcium deposits were detected histologically in association with the skeletal muscle amyloid. These findings suggest that certain amyloid deposits will take up Tc 99m pyrophosphate, but only if sufficient amounts of calcium are associated with the amyloid.
The effect of cell hydration on the deformability of normal and sickle erythrocytes
Authors: Gulley Margaret L. , Ross Dennis W. , Feo Claude , Orringer Eugene P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe deformability of the erythrocyte (RBC) is greatly influenced by its state of hydration. The purpose of this investigation is to quantitate this relationship by measuring the deformability of an RBC population over a broad range of cell water content. By manipulation of the ion content of the RBC, we performed all of the experiments in media which were isotonic with plasma. To raise ion and water content, RBC were incubated in a Li2CO3 medium. To lower cell ion and water content, RBC were exposed to the K ionophore, valinomycin. The range of cell water content achieved during the entire experiment was 900–3200 g/kg cell solid (normal in vivo cell water content being 1800–1950 g/kg cell solid). By using the Ektacytometer, an automated cylindrical viscometer, we were able to measure deformability of the RBC sampled at various points along this range of cell water content. We found that optimal rheologic behavior was exhibited by normal RBC when their water content was in the normal range. A rise or a fall in cell hydration resulted in a decrease in cell deformability. By contrast, the deformability of freshly drawn, well‐oxygenated sickle RBC was well below that found for normal RBC. Upon volume expansion, however, the deformability of these sickle RBC improved markedly. This observation suggests that sickle RBC are suboptimally hydrated and that their abnormal rheology is at least in part a consequence of cell dehydration.
Hemoglobin H disease and multiple congenital anomalies in a child of Northern European origin
Authors: Hjelle Brian , Charache Samuel , Phillips John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHemoglobin H (HbH) disease was recently described in three unrelated northern European boys with mental retardation. We have studied a somewhat similar patient, in whom HbH disease was associated with multiple congenital anomalies. Restriction endonuclease analysis of DNA from this proband yielded a pattern consistent with the α‐/– genotype commonly associated with the HbH phenotype in Asians. His parents both carry α thalassemia, in contrast to the previously described families in which only one of the two parents was a carrier.
Hemoglobin queens: α34 (B15) Leu‐Arg structural and functional properties and its association with Hb E
Authors: Moo‐Penn W. F. , Jue D. L. , Johnson M. H. , McGuffey J. E. , Simpkins H. , Katz J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHemoglobin Queens: α34 (B15) Leu‐Arg was found in association with Hb E in a Vietnamese boy. The observed microcytosis and hypochromia were due to Hb E, which also occurred in other members of this family. The functional properties of Hb Queens in the absence and presence of allosteric effectors were normal. The abnormal hemoglobins appear to be unrelated to the hyperbilirubinemia that was observed at birth.