bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fuzzy Cores of Jupiter and Saturn
Authors: Helled Ravit , Stevenson David J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNew interior models of Jupiter and Saturn suggest that both planets have “fuzzy cores.” These cores should be viewed as central regions that are enriched with heavy elements but are not distinct from the rest of the deep interior. These cores may contain large amounts of hydrogen and helium though small pure heavy‐element cores may also exist. New measurements along with advanced planetary modeling have revolutionized the way we think about the interiors of giant planets and provide important constraints for planet formation and evolution theories. These developments are also relevant for the characterization of giant exoplanets.
Thank You to Our 2023 Reviewers
Authors: Caprarelli Graziella , Baratoux David , Cervato Cinzia , Diviacco Paolo , Donea Alina , Fletcher Steven J. , Gentemann Chelle , Glaves Helen M. , Jiang Jonathan H. , Jones Cathleen E. , Maute Astrid , Mills Franklin P. , Pryor Sara C. , Tiampo Kristy , Xie Zunyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Editors and Staff of Earth and Space Science thank the reviewers whose selfless work has significantly contributed to the publication process of papers highlighting the best research in geophysics, planetary, and space science in 2023. Peer‐reviewing is a demanding and thankless job. It is however an essential component of the scientific process, requiring the highest standards of integrity and rigor. Reviewers check data and procedures and test reproducibility of methods and results; they share their expertise to verify that the interpretations and conclusions of a paper are consistent with assumptions and existing knowledge. Without this essential work it would not be possible to trust in the scientific process. Publication of papers in a multidisciplinary journal such as Earth and Space Science, that highlights methods, instruments, data and algorithms, relies directly on the expertise of its reviewers to verify and vouch for the quality of the papers that are published. We are indebted to all our reviewers and are delighted to acknowledge them publicly in this Editorial.
Radiative Effect of Two Contrail Cirrus Outbreaks Over Western Europe Estimated Using Geostationary Satellite Observations and Radiative Transfer Calculations
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Wolf Kevin , Boucher Olivier , Bellouin Nicolas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEstimation of the perturbation to the Earth's energy budget by contrail outbreaks is required for estimating the climate impact of aviation and verifying the climate benefits of proposed contrail avoidance strategies such as aircraft rerouting. Here we identified two successive large‐scale contrail outbreaks developing in clear‐sky conditions in geostationary and polar‐orbiting satellite infrared images of Western Europe lasting from 22–23 June 2020. Their hourly cloud radiative effect, obtained using geostationary satellite cloud retrievals and radiative transfer calculations, is negative or weakly positive during daytime and positive during nighttime. The cumulative energy forcing of the two outbreaks is 7 PJ and −8.5 PJ, with uncertainties of 3 PJ, stemming each from approximately 15–20 flights over periods of 19 and 7 hr, respectively. This study suggests that an automated quantification of contrail outbreak radiative effect is possible, at least for contrails forming in clear sky conditions.
Glucose-regulatory hormones and growth in very preterm infants fed fortified human milk
Authors: Holgersen Kristine , Rasmussen Martin Bo , Zamir Itay , Aunsholt Lise , Zachariassen Gitte , Sangild Per Torp 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Bovine colostrum (BC) contains a range of milk bioactive components, and it is unknown how human milk fortification with BC affects glucose-regulatory hormones in very preterm infants (VPIs). This study aimed to investigate the associations between hormone concentrations and fortification type, birth weight (appropriate/small for gestational age, AGA/SGA), milk intake, postnatal age, and body growth.

Methods
225 VPIs were randomized to fortification with BC or conventional fortifier (CF). Plasma hormones were measured before, one and two weeks after start of fortification. ΔZ-scores from birth to 35 weeks postmenstrual age were calculated.

Results
Compared with CF, infants fortified with BC had higher plasma GLP-1, GIP, glucagon, and leptin concentrations after start of fortification. Prior to fortification, leptin concentrations were negatively associated with growth, while IGF-1 concentrations associated positively with growth during fortification. In AGA infants, hormone concentrations generally increased after one week of fortification. Relative to AGA infants, SGA infants showed reduced IGF-1 and leptin concentrations.

Conclusion
Fortification with BC increased the plasma concentrations of several glucose-regulatory hormones. Concentrations of IGF-1 were positively, and leptin negatively, associated with growth. Glucose-regulatory hormone levels were affected by birth weight, milk intake and postnatal age, but not closely associated with growth in VPIs.

Impact

Little is known about the variation in glucose-regulatory hormones in the early life of very preterm infants (VPIs).

This study shows that the levels of glucose-regulatory hormones in plasma of VPIs are highly variable and modified by birth weight (appropriate or small for gestational age, AGA or SGA), the type of fortifier, enteral nutritional intake, and advancing postnatal age.

The results confirm that IGF-1 levels are positively associated with early postnatal growth in VPIs, yet the levels of both IGF-1 and other glucose-regulatory hormones appeared to explain only a small part of the overall variation in growth rates.
A mechanism for reconciling the synchronisation of Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles
Authors: Schannwell Clemens , Mikolajewicz Uwe , Kapsch Marie-Luise , Ziemen Florian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe evolution of the northern hemispheric climate during the last glacial period was beset by quasi-episodic iceberg discharge events from the Laurentide ice sheet, known as Heinrich events (HEs). The paleo record places most HEs into the cold stadial of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycle. However, not every Dansgaard-Oeschger cycle is associated with a HE, revealing a complex interplay between the two modes of glacial variability. Here, using a coupled ice sheet-solid earth model, we introduce a mechanism that explains the synchronicity of HEs and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles. Unlike earlier studies, our mechanism does not require a trigger during the stadial. Instead, the atmospheric warming signal during the interstadial of the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycle causes enhanced ice stream thickening that leads to the HE during the late interstadial. We demonstrate that this mechanism reproduces the key HE characteristics and provides an explanation for synchronous HEs from different regions of the Laurentide ice sheet.
Cryo-EM structures of pannexin 1 and 3 reveal differences among pannexin isoforms
Authors: Hussain Nazia , Apotikar Ashish , Pidathala Shabareesh , Mukherjee Sourajit , Burada Ananth Prasad , Sikdar Sujit Kumar , Vinothkumar Kutti R. , Penmatsa Aravind 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPannexins are single-membrane large-pore channels that release ions and ATP upon activation. Three isoforms of pannexins 1, 2, and 3, perform diverse cellular roles and differ in their pore lining residues. In this study, we report the cryo-EM structure of pannexin 3 at 3.9 Å and analyze its structural differences with pannexin isoforms 1 and 2. The pannexin 3 vestibule has two distinct chambers and a wider pore radius in comparison to pannexins 1 and 2. We further report two cryo-EM structures of pannexin 1, with pore substitutions W74R/R75D that mimic the pore lining residues of pannexin 2 and a germline mutant of pannexin 1, R217H at resolutions of 3.2 Å and 3.9 Å, respectively. Substitution of cationic residues in the vestibule of pannexin 1 results in reduced ATP interaction propensities to the channel. The germline mutant R217H in transmembrane helix 3 (TM3), leads to a partially constricted pore, reduced ATP interaction and weakened voltage sensitivity. The study compares the three pannexin isoform structures, the effects of substitutions of pore and vestibule-lining residues and allosteric effects of a pathological substitution on channel structure and function thereby enhancing our understanding of this vital group of ATP-release channels.
Translation velocity determines the efficacy of engineered suppressor tRNAs on pathogenic nonsense mutations
Authors: Bharti Nikhil , Santos Leonardo , Davyt Marcos , Behrmann Stine , Eichholtz Marie , Jimenez-Sanchez Alejandro , Hong Jeong S. , Rab Andras , Sorscher Eric J. , Albers Suki , Ignatova Zoya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNonsense mutations – the underlying cause of approximately 11% of all genetic diseases – prematurely terminate protein synthesis by mutating a sense codon to a premature stop or termination codon (PTC). An emerging therapeutic strategy to suppress nonsense defects is to engineer sense-codon decoding tRNAs to readthrough and restore translation at PTCs. However, the readthrough efficiency of the engineered suppressor tRNAs (sup-tRNAs) largely varies in a tissue- and sequence context-dependent manner and has not yet yielded optimal clinical efficacy for many nonsense mutations. Here, we systematically analyze the suppression efficacy at various pathogenic nonsense mutations. We discover that the translation velocity of the sequence upstream of PTCs modulates the sup-tRNA readthrough efficacy. The PTCs most refractory to suppression are embedded in a sequence context translated with an abrupt reversal of the translation speed leading to ribosomal collisions. Moreover, modeling translation velocity using Ribo-seq data can accurately predict the suppression efficacy at PTCs. These results reveal previously unknown molecular signatures contributing to genotype-phenotype relationships and treatment-response heterogeneity, and provide the framework for the development of personalized tRNA-based gene therapies.
Non-canonical functions of UHRF1 maintain DNA methylation homeostasis in cancer cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Kosuke , Chen Xiaoying , Rodgers Brianna , Miura Fumihito , Bashtrykov Pavel , Bonhomme Frédéric , Salinas-Luypaert Catalina , Haxholli Deis , Gutekunst Nicole , Aygenli Bihter Özdemir , Ferry Laure , Kirsh Olivier , Laisné Marthe , Scelfo Andrea , Ugur Enes , Arimondo Paola B. , Leonhardt Heinrich , Kanemaki Masato T. , Bartke Till , Fachinetti Daniele , Jeltsch Albert , Ito Takashi , Defossez Pierre-Antoine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDNA methylation is an essential epigenetic chromatin modification, and its maintenance in mammals requires the protein UHRF1. It is yet unclear if UHRF1 functions solely by stimulating DNA methylation maintenance by DNMT1, or if it has important additional functions. Using degron alleles, we show that UHRF1 depletion causes a much greater loss of DNA methylation than DNMT1 depletion. This is not caused by passive demethylation as UHRF1-depleted cells proliferate more slowly than DNMT1-depleted cells. Instead, bioinformatics, proteomics and genetics experiments establish that UHRF1, besides activating DNMT1, interacts with DNMT3A and DNMT3B and promotes their activity. In addition, we show that UHRF1 antagonizes active DNA demethylation by TET2. Therefore, UHRF1 has non-canonical roles that contribute importantly to DNA methylation homeostasis; these findings have practical implications for epigenetics in health and disease.
De novo diploid genome assembly using long noisy reads
Authors: Nie Fan , Ni Peng , Huang Neng , Zhang Jun , Wang Zhenyu , Xiao Chuanle , Luo Feng , Wang Jianxin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe high sequencing error rate has impeded the application of long noisy reads for diploid genome assembly. Most existing assemblers failed to generate high-quality phased assemblies using long noisy reads. Here, we present PECAT, a Phased Error Correction and Assembly Tool, for reconstructing diploid genomes from long noisy reads. We design a haplotype-aware error correction method that can retain heterozygote alleles while correcting sequencing errors. We combine a corrected read SNP caller and a raw read SNP caller to further improve the identification of inconsistent overlaps in the string graph. We use a grouping method to assign reads to different haplotype groups. PECAT efficiently assembles diploid genomes using Nanopore R9, PacBio CLR or Nanopore R10 reads only. PECAT generates more contiguous haplotype-specific contigs compared to other assemblers. Especially, PECAT achieves nearly haplotype-resolved assembly on B. taurus (Bison×Simmental) using Nanopore R9 reads and phase block NG50 with 59.4/58.0 Mb for HG002 using Nanopore R10 reads.
Reshaping the energy landscape of Crete through renewable energy valleys
Authors: Skaloumpakas Panagiotis , Sarmas Elissaios , Rachmanidis Michalis , Marinakis Vangelis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRenewable energy valleys (REVs) represent a transformative concept poised to reshape global energy landscapes. These comprehensive ecosystems transition regions from conventional energy sources to sustainable, self-reliant hubs for renewable energy generation, distribution, and consumption. At their core, REVs integrate advanced information and communication technology (ICT), interoperable digital solutions, social innovation processes, and economically viable business models. They offer a vision of decentralized, low-carbon landscapes accessible to all, capable of meeting local energy demands year-round by harnessing multiple renewable energy sources (RES) and leveraging energy storage technologies. This paper provides an overview of the key components and objectives of REVs, including digital integration through advanced ICT technologies and open digital solutions that enable the seamless management of RES within the REV. The social innovation aspect via the REV’s active communities is also examined, encouraging their participation in the co-design, implementation, and benefit-sharing of renewable energy solutions. In addition, business viability through sustainable business models central to the REV framework is proposed, ensuring affordability and accessibility to all stakeholders. The paper presents a case study of Crete, showcasing how the REV idea can work in real life. Crete utilizes various energy sources to become energy-independent, lower carbon emissions, and enhance system resilience. Advanced energy storage technologies are employed to ensure supply and demand balance within the REV. Situated on the picturesque island of Crete, Greece, it is pioneering the establishment of a Renewable Energy Valley ‘Living Lab’ (REV-Lab), integrating Community Energy Labs (CELs) as innovation hubs. This initiative exemplifies the REV model, striving to create a digitalized, distributed, and low-carbon landscape accessible to all residents throughout the year.
Synthesis, surface activity, and corrosion inhibition capabilities of new non-ionic gemini surfactants
Authors: Deyab M. A. , Ibrahim Ibrahim Z. , El-Shamy Omnia A. A. , Khalil Khalil A. , Awad Abdelhamid F. , Alghamdi Majed M. , El-Zahhar Adel A. , Abo-Riya Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral environmentally acceptable non-ionic gemini surfactants are synthesized in this work using natural sources, including polyethenoxy di-dodecanoate (GSC12), polyethenoxy di-hexadecanoate (GSC16), and polyethenoxy di-octadecenoate (GSC18). The produced surfactants are confirmed by spectrum studies using FT-IR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR. It explored and examined how the length of the hydrocarbon chain affected essential properties like foaming and emulsifying abilities. Surface tension examinations are used to assess the surface activity of the examined gemini surfactants. The lower value of critical micelle concentrations (0.381 × 10−4M) is detected for GSC18. Their spontaneous character is shown by the negative values of the free energy of adsorption (ΔGads) and micellization (ΔGmic) which arranged in the order GSC18 > GSC16 > GSC12. Based on theoretical, weight loss, and electrochemical investigations, these novel surfactants were investigated for their possible use in inhibiting carbon steel from corroding in 1 M HCl. Measuring results show that GSC18 inhibits corrosion in carbon steel by 95.4%. The isotherm of adsorption evaluated for the investigated inhibitors and their behavior obeys Langmuir isotherm.
Dimension reduction of microbiome data linked Bifidobacterium and Prevotella to allergic rhinitis
Authors: Komaki Shohei , Sahoyama Yukari , Hachiya Tsuyoshi , Koseki Keita , Ogata Yusuke , Hamazato Fumiaki , Shiozawa Manabu , Nakagawa Tohru , Suda Wataru , Hattori Masahira , Kawakami Eiryo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDimension reduction has been used to visualise the distribution of multidimensional microbiome data, but the composite variables calculated by the dimension reduction methods have not been widely used to investigate the relationship of the human gut microbiome with lifestyle and disease. In the present study, we applied several dimension reduction methods, including principal component analysis, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and non-negative matrix factorization, to a microbiome dataset from 186 subjects with symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) and 106 controls. All the dimension reduction methods supported that the distribution of microbial data points appeared to be continuous rather than discrete. Comparison of the composite variables calculated from the different dimension reduction methods showed that the characteristics of the composite variables differed depending on the distance matrices and the dimension reduction methods. The first composite variables calculated from PCoA and NMDS with the UniFrac distance were strongly associated with AR (FDR adjustedP = 2.4 × 10–4for PCoA andP = 2.8 × 10–4for NMDS), and also with the relative abundance ofBifidobacteriumandPrevotella. The abundance ofBifidobacteriumwas also linked to intake of several nutrients, including carbohydrate, saturated fat, and alcohol via composite variables. Notably, the association between the composite variables and AR was much stronger than the association between the relative abundance of individual genera and AR. Our results highlight the usefulness of the dimension reduction methods for investigating the association of microbial composition with lifestyle and disease in clinical research.
Genomic characterization of a novel Hepatovirus identified in Maranhão state, Brazil
Authors: de Moraes Pires Walna Micaelle , Cruz Ana Cecília Ribeiro , de Souza Alex Junior Souza , Silva Sandro Patroca , Souza Barbosa Coelho Taciana Fernandes , Dias Daniel Damous , Rosa Júnior José Wilson , Mendes Samira Brito , da Costa Fraga Elmary , Barros Maria Claudene , Sampaio Iracilda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBats are efficient reservoirs of a number of viruses with zoonotic potential, and are involved directly in the transmission cycle of many zoonoses. In the present study, which is part of a larger project that is documenting the viromes of the bat species found in the Mid-North states of Maranhão and Piauí, we analyzed 16 pooled samples obtained from four species of bat of the genus Artibeus—Artibeus obscurus, Artibeus cinereus, Artibeus lituratus and Artibeus planirostris. We describe and identify a Hepatovirus, denominated Hepatovirus H isolate sotense, which was found in a pool of internal organs (liver and lungs) extracted from a specimen of A. planirostris, a frugivorous bat, collected in the Cerrado biome of Maranhão state. This material was analyzed using new generation sequencing, which produced a contig of 7390 nucleotides and presented a degree of identity with a number of existing Hepatovirus sequences available for bats (amino acid identity of 61.5% with Bat hepatovirus C of Miniopterus cf. manavi, 66.6% with Bat hepatovirus G of Coleura afra, 67.4% with Hepatovirus G2 of Rhinolophus landeri, and 75.3% with Hepatovirus H2 of Rhinolophus landeri). The analysis of the functional domains of this contig confirmed a pattern consistent with the characteristics of the genus Hepatovirus (Picornaviridae). In the phylogenetic tree with several other Hepatovirus species, this genome also grouped in a monophyletic clade with Hepatovirus H (HepV-H1; HepV-H2, and HepV-H3) albeit on an external branch, which suggests that it may be a distinct genotype within this species. This is the first isolate of Hepatovirus H identified in bats from South America, and represents an important discovery, given that most studies of viruses associated with bats in the state of Maranhão have focused on the family Rhabdoviridae.
Hydrological time series prediction based on IWOA-ALSTM
Authors: Zhang Xuejie , Cang Hao , Nedjah Nadia , Ye Feng , Jin Yanling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe prediction of hydrological time series is of great significance for developing flood and drought prevention approaches and is an important component in research on smart water resources. The nonlinear characteristics of hydrological time series are important factors affecting the accuracy of predictions. To enhance the prediction of the nonlinear component in hydrological time series, we employed an improved whale optimisation algorithm (IWOA) to optimise an attention-based long short-term memory (ALSTM) network. The proposed model is termed IWOA-ALSTM. Specifically, we introduced an attention mechanism between two LSTM layers, enabling adaptive focus on distinct features within each time unit to gather information pertaining to a hydrological time series. Furthermore, given the critical impact of the model hyperparameter configuration on the prediction accuracy and operational efficiency, the proposed improved whale optimisation algorithm facilitates the discovery of optimal hyperparameters for the ALSTM model. In this work, we used nonlinear water level information obtained from Hankou station as experimental data. The results of this model were compared with those of genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimisation algorithms and whale optimisation algorithms. The experiments were conducted using five evaluation metrics, namely, the RMSE, MAE, NSE, SI and DR. The results show that the IWOA is effective at optimising the ALSTM and significantly improves the prediction accuracy of nonlinear hydrological time series.
Shaking table tests of a one-quarter scale model of concrete hollow block masonry houses retrofitted with fiber-reinforced paint
Authors: Multazam Zamzam , Yamamoto Kenjiro , Timsina Kishor , Gadagamma Chaitanya Krishna , Meguro Kimiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are prone to significant damage when subjected to ground motion. Some strengthening methods have been proposed to increase the seismic capacity. However, the widespread adoption of these methods faces various challenges, including economic constraints experienced by common people in developing countries, the complexity of implementation, efficiency, and seismic safety of each technique. This paper introduces a new retrofitting method of fiber-reinforced paint using fiberglass as the primary reinforcing material. The advantage of this technique lies in its simplicity and ease of application, with the added benefit of using the paint to improve the appearance of the house. Two 1:4 scale concrete hollow block (CHB) masonry houses were constructed to represent unreinforced masonry and retrofitted masonry structures using fiber-reinforced paint (FR-Paint). The shaking table test results indicate that the retrofitted house model showed improvements of up to 18 times in deformation capacity and up to 13 times in energy dissipation compared to the non-retrofitted house model. FR-Paint has a robust performance even in high input motion at a seismic intensity JMA of 7 (Japan Meteorological Agency). This confirms that this retrofitting method has a high earthquake-resistant performance.