bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of postoperative myocardial injury in patients undergoing laparoscopic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma resection: protocol for an ambispective cohort study
Authors: Lan Ling , Ma Ye , Zhao Yifei , Li Yaohan , Zhang Yi , Shen Le , Zhang Yuelun , Huang Yuguang 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionPheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) resection remains a high-risk surgical procedure owing to severe haemodynamic instability, which can lead to myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS). MINS is the most common and easily overlooked cardiovascular complication and results in increased postoperative mortality and prolonged inpatient hospitalisation. We aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for MINS in patients undergoing laparoscopic PPGL resection.Methods and analysisThe PPGL-MINS study is a single-centre, observational, ambispective cohort study that includes patients undergoing elective laparoscopic PPGL resection under general anaesthesia at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between 1 January 2013 and 31 May 2025. We expect to enrol 700 patients, including at least 550 patients retrospectively and 150 patients prospectively. A prediction model will be developed for the retrospective cohort (training cohort) of patients from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2022. Possible clinically relevant variables, particularly intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate, will be selected as candidate predictors. Stepwise and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression will be used for predictor selection. Multivariate logistic regression will be used to develop the prediction model, which will be presented as a nomogram. The developed model will be used to assess discrimination with the receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve value, calibration with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve, and clinical usefulness with decision curve analysis. Internal validation will be assessed with bootstrap. For external validation, we will use an independent prospective cohort (validation cohort) of patients from 1 March 2023 to 31 May 2025.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of PUMCH (IRB-K2893). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants in the prospective cohort before enrolment in the study. We aim to publish and disseminate the findings in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05752773.
Roles of physiotherapists in primary care teams: a scoping review
Authors: Champoux Megan , Poirier Amélie , Hudon Catherine 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesWe aimed to provide an overview of the existing knowledge regarding the roles of physiotherapists in primary care teams.DesignScoping review based on the methodological framework provided by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and updated by Levacet al(2010). Data sources and study selectionA search strategy was carried out across the Medline, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete and AMED databases in June 2023. Selected articles, based on qualitative or mixed design studies, had to report on the roles of physiotherapists working in team-based primary care organisations and be published in the last 10 years.Data extraction and analysisData were extracted by one team member and further validated by a second team member. A mixed thematic analysis based on theCompetency Profile for Physiotherapists in Canadawas used to identify all the roles undertaken by physiotherapists. ResultsThe database search yielded 2324 articles. From the 13 included articles, 6 main themes emerged: conduct client assessment for musculoskeletal conditions, participate in health promotion and prevention, promote self-management support, communicate with patients, collaborate with other primary care providers and partners, and provide holistic care.ConclusionsThe review identified a wide variety of roles, primarily related to the treatment of musculoskeletal patients. In primary care settings, interprofessional collaboration can be hindered by a lack of knowledge regarding the roles of physiotherapists. Future studies should aim to develop effective strategies to ensure that all primary care team members have a comprehensive understanding of the roles of physiotherapists and to explore roles associated with non-traditional forms of physiotherapy practice.
Advancing Alzheimer’s disease risk prediction: development and validation of a machine learning-based preclinical screening model in a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Bingsheng , Xie Ruihan , Qi Wenhao , Yao Jiani , Shi Yankai , Lou Xiajing , Dong Chaoqun , Zhu Xiaohong , Wang Bing , He Danni , Chen Yanfei , Cao Shihua 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesAlzheimer’s disease (AD) poses a significant challenge for individuals aged 65 and older, being the most prevalent form of dementia. Although existing AD risk prediction tools demonstrate high accuracy, their complexity and limited accessibility restrict practical application. This study aimed to develop a convenience, efficient prediction model for AD risk using machine learning techniques.Design and settingWe conducted a cross-sectional study with participants aged 60 and older from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center. We selected personal characteristics, clinical data and psychosocial factors as baseline predictors for AD (March 2015 to December 2021). The study utilised Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms alongside traditional logistic regression for modelling. An oversampling method was applied to balance the data set.InterventionsThis study has no interventions.ParticipantsThe study included 2379 participants, of whom 507 were diagnosed with AD.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncluding accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, etc.Results11 variables were critical in the training phase, including educational level, depression, insomnia, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), medication count, gender, stenting, systolic blood pressure (sbp), neurosis and rapid eye movement. The XGBoost model exhibited superior performance compared with other models, achieving area under the curve of 0.915, sensitivity of 76.2% and specificity of 92.9%. The most influential predictors were educational level, total medication count, age, sbp and BMI.ConclusionsThe proposed classifier can help guide preclinical screening of AD in the elderly population.
Aetiopathogenesis, clinico-epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of human ocular trematode infections: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kodithuwakku Piyumi , Weerakoon Harshi , Silva Anjana , Wickramasinghe Susiji , Weerakoon Kosala 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionHuman ocular trematode infections, caused by parasitic flatworms, are a significant public health concern worldwide. It can lead to mild-to-severe consequences if untreated. This protocol outlines a scoping review methodology, which aims to explore the knowledge on the aetiopathogenesis, clinico-epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, and patient perspectives related to ocular trematode infections in humans.Methods and analysisThe review, including the development of the review protocol, will be conducted over 2 years from January 2024. The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual and the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley will be used as the guidelines for the scoping review that is suggested in this protocol. Accordingly, the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) framework and three-stage search strategy will be used to develop the research question and to conduct the search respectively. Publications up to December 2024 will be searched across multiple databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, CINAHL and Google Scholar.Ethics and disseminationSince the study will make use of secondary data, ethical approval will not be required. The scoping review’s findings will be published in a scientific journal and presented at relevant conferences, aiming to improve the disease outcomes through guiding future research in ocular trematode infections and informing potential strategies to uplift the disease control and prevention measures and patient care.
Clinical outcomes after immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury: a cohort study
Authors: Yang Ting-Ya , Chuang Min-Hsiang , Lin Hong-Min , Wu Vin-Cent , Pan Heng-Chih , Chou Yun , Chen Jui-Yi 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) have significantly improved survival for patients with advanced cancers. However, the occurrence of ICPi-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and its clinical impact remains unclear. This study evaluates the effects of ICPi-associated AKI (ICPi-AKI) on mortality, kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing ICPi treatments.DesignThis multicentre retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching to balance baseline characteristics. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes were used to identify individuals with cancer and treated with ICPi concurrently. Kaplan-Meier analyses coupled with log-rank tests were conducted to estimate the survival probabilities.SettingData were sourced from the TriNetX database spanning records from 25 March 2011 to 5 April 2024.ParticipantsPatients with cancer aged ≥18 years treated with ICPi with or without AKI occurrence.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes included major adverse kidney events (MAKE), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), the composite of MAKE or MACE with death, and end-stage renal disease.ResultsThe study identified 926 patients with cancer who developed ICPi-AKI (mean age, 67.1±11.8 years; 57.4% men). The control group consisted of 48 147 patients treated with ICPi but did not develop AKI (mean age, 65.3±13.1 years; 53.7% men). After matching, the ICPi-AKI group exhibited a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.27; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.61), MAKE (HR=3.83; 95% CI 1.72 to 8.40), MACE (HR=1.35; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.75)) compared with the non-ICPi-AKI group. Subgroup analyses confirmed these findings across various patient’s characteristics.ConclusionIndividuals with ICPi-AKI are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, MAKE and MACE. Enhancing awareness and timely intervention for ICPi-AKI are crucial for improving prognosis and reducing complications among patients with cancer.
Influence of social support on technophobia in older adults in urban communities: the mediating role of self-efficacy and e-health literacy, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Luo Dan , Li Jin , Wang Chen , Shi Yan , Guo Hua Qing , Guang Duan Zhi 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo explore the chained mediating role of self-efficacy and e-health literacy in the association between social support and technophobia in older adults in urban communities.DesignA cross-sectional study conducted from June 2023 to April 2024.SettingThis study was conducted in three districts of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.ParticipantsThe study enrolled 1658 older adults (> 60 years old) in urban communities in Taiyuan.MethodsThe analyses included assessments using the technophobia, e-health, self-efficacy and social support scales, and the mediating effects of these indices were investigated using Model 6 in SPSS V.26.ResultsThe level of technophobia in older adults was found to be moderately high. Technophobia was negatively correlated with social support, self-efficacy and e-health literacy. Stepwise regression analysis showed that age, residential situation, health and the frequency of electronic device use were risk factors for technophobia (p<0.05). Social support could influence technophobia directly (β=−0.266). In addition, self-efficacy (β=−0.080) and e-health literacy (β=−0.098) significantly mediated the relationship between social support and technophobia.ConclusionSocial support was found to affect technophobia in older adults via the independent or chained mediating effects of self-efficacy and e-health literacy.
Screening, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of developmental dysplasia of the hip in Brazilian population: a scoping review
Authors: Jaleca Patrícia Eduarda Conrado Martins Ro , Liggio Daniel Frank , Arora Sana , Lam Sheila , Schaeffer Emily , Grangeiro Patricia Moreno 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study aims to map the literature on screening, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in the Brazilian population aged 0–18 years, to describe regional variations in its presentation and management.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesPubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, “Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde” and “Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações”. The journals, Revista Brasileira Ortopedia and Acta Ortopédica Brasileira, were manually searched for non-indexed issues. Databases were searched from their inception to February 2024.Eligibility criteriaThis scoping review included studies on Brazilian patients aged 0–18 years diagnosed with or being assessed for DDH. No language or date restrictions were applied.Data extraction and synthesisStudies were assessed based on title, authors, publication year, study design, sample size, level of evidence, region of Brazil and healthcare setting (public or private). The articles were then analysed across four categories: screening, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes.Results52 studies, published between 1951 and 2023, were included. Reported prevalence rates ranged from 0.75 to 56.4 cases per 1000 children. No study examined the effectiveness of specific screening programmes or compared their outcomes. The most common diagnostic methods were the Ortolani manoeuvre and ultrasonography using the Graf method. Of the 27 articles on treatment, 17 focused exclusively on surgical interventions, with the Salter osteotomy being the most frequent procedure.ConclusionsThere should be a greater focus on understanding the prevalence of DDH in Brazil, the availability of ultrasound devices and trained operators, and the follow-up of conservative treatments. More information on DDH in Brazil is essential for designing and implementing effective screening and treatment programmes. Future research should be done to understand the prevalence of the disease, optimal forms of screening and early treatment.
Challenges and barriers to physician decision-making for prescribing and deprescribing among patients with multimorbidity in eastern China’s primary care settings: a qualitative study
Authors: Zhou Xinmei , Han Liyan , Farmer Andrew , Yao Mi , Xia Yu , Yan Ming , Wu Lingyan , Xu Zhijie 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesPatients with multimorbidity have an increased risk of medication-related problems. Physicians face the dilemmas of multimorbidity management with multiple medications in primary care settings. We aimed to investigate the experiences and perceptions of primary care physicians (PCPs) regarding their decision-making processes in prescribing and deprescribing medications for patients with multimorbidity, and identify the challenges and barriers they face.DesignFrom 5 October 2023 to 27 January 2024, this qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews that encouraged in-depth exploration of the participants’ experiences and perspectives. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and independently coded by two investigators. Themes were developed using a conventional content analysis approach.Setting12 community health centers and 8 township health centers across four regions in eastern China were included.Participants26 PCPs from 20 primary care institutions in eastern China were interviewed through purposive sampling, representing a mix of urban and rural healthcare settings.ResultsOf the 26 participants in this study, 14 (53.8%) were women, and the mean age was 36.3 years old. When prescribing and stopping medications for patients with multimorbidity, they often encounter complex challenges. These challenges stemmed from three key areas: (1) difficulties in identifying drug-disease and drug-drug interactions; (2) cognitive biases in medication benefit-risk evaluation and (3) heavy treatment burden. The challenges were further compounded by multiple barriers, including clinical inertia among physicians, patient resistance to medication changes, inadequate decision support and training, and time constraints in clinical consultation.ConclusionsThe complexity of prescribing and deprescribing decisions faced by PCPs in treating patients with multimorbidity in China is influenced by interconnected factors related to physicians, patients, technology and working environment. Future research could develop and evaluate implementation strategies to address specific challenges and barriers to allow PCPs to make effective medication decisions for patients with multimorbidity.
Microsimulation models on child and adolescent health: a scoping review protocol
Authors: de Oliveira Claire , Sampaio Filipa 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionMicrosimulation models are computer-based models, which can be employed to simulate the behaviour of microagents, such as children and adolescents, to understand the potential behavioural and economic effects of health interventions or policies. As a result, these models can be useful tools to help guide decision-making. A comprehensive review of the literature on child and adolescent microsimulation models has yet to be undertaken. Moreover, an evaluation of the quality of the existing models can be useful to understand their strengths and limitations and thus inform the development of future models. The aim of this scoping review will be to retrieve, synthesise and critically appraise the literature on existing microsimulation models focused on child and adolescent health.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a scoping review using established methods. We will search PubMed (until 23 September 2024), Embase (until 18 September 2024), CINAHL (until 9 September 2024), PsyclNFO (11 September 2024), EconLit (until 9 September 2024) and Scopus (until 10 September 2024), with an update closer to the time of manuscript submission. We will also undertake snowballing, Google searches and searches on specific journal (eg,International Journal of Microsimulation) and websites (eg,https://www.microsimulation.ac.uk/) to complement database searches. We will extract relevant data on all studies retrieved and use the Quality Assessment Reporting for Microsimulation Models checklist to assess the reporting quality of each model. We will use a narrative synthesis with summary tables to describe our findings. Findings will be synthesised by type of health condition, if/where possible.Ethics and disseminationGiven that primary data will not be collected in this study, research ethics approval is not required. We will present our findings at relevant conferences and publish our results in an appropriate peer-reviewed academic journal. In addition, we will use this information to guide the development of a microsimulation model on child and adolescent health for use in the Swedish context.Registration detailshttps://osf.io/a8txn/
Energy management education for persons living with long COVID-related fatigue (EMERGE): protocol of a two-parallel arms target trial emulation study in a multicentre outpatient intervention setting with an online control group register
Authors: Hersche Ruth , Weise Andrea , Riggi Emilia , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Barbero Marco 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionEnergy management education (EME) is a manualised, evidence-based self-management education programme developed and delivered by occupational therapists for persons living with chronic disease-related fatigue. Studies have shown that EME can positively affect self-efficacy, fatigue impact and quality of life in persons with chronic conditions, while data on persons with long COVID are lacking.The primary aim is to evaluate if adding EME to the standard care improves outcomes in persons with long COVID-related fatigue. The secondary aim is to explore the energy management behavioural strategies applied in daily routines and investigate the influencing factors of implementing behavioural changes. The third aim is to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of EME.Methods and analysisUsing observational data, we will emulate a prospective two-parallel arms target trial to assess whether adding EME to the standard care is associated with improved outcomes in patients with long COVID-related fatigue. The estimated sample size to detect a post-intervention difference of 1.5 points in self-efficacy to implement energy conservation strategies with 90% power (0.05 alpha) is 122 people (1:1 ratio).Persons with long COVID-related fatigue who follow EME as part of their standard care will be recruited and included in the experimental group (EG), while potential participants for the control group (CG) will be recruited from a register and prospectively matched to a participant in the EG by applying the propensity score technique. The ‘standard of care’ of the CG will include any intervention, except occupational therapy-based EME in peer groups. The causal contrast of interest will be the per-protocol effect. Four self-reported questionnaires (fatigue impact, self-efficacy in performing energy management strategies, competency in performing daily activities, health-related quality of life) will be administered at baseline (T0; week 0), after lesson 7 (T1; week 6), post-intervention (T2; week 14) and follow-up (T3, week 24). Our main assessment will be at T2. Disease-related and productivity cost data will be collected, and a cost-effectiveness profile of the EME intervention will be compared with standard care.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the competent Swiss ethics commission.Findings will be reported (1) to the study participants; (2) to patient organisations and hospitals supporting EMERGE; (3) to funding bodies; (4) to the national and international occupational therapy community and healthcare policy; (5) will be presented at local, national, and international conferences and (6) will be disseminated by peer-review publications.