bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The positive pressure of cholesterol granuloma idiopathic blue eardrum. Differential diagnosis
Authors: Farrior Brown , Kampsen Edward , Farrior Jay B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the positive middle ear pressure in cholesterol granuloma, the so‐called idiopathic blue drum or chocolate ear. Because of this positive middle ear pressure the patients with idiopathic blue eardrum do not tend to develop the retraction pockets or subsequent cholesteatoma and therefore this is rarely a destructive disease. Since the symptoms are minimal and there is no destruction, probably the best treatment of the idiopathic blue eardrum is no treatment at all.In cholesterol granuloma, chronic secretory otitis media, and chronic serous mastoiditis the results of surgery are dubious because the entire air cell system of the temporal bone, including the petrous apex, cannot be completely exenterated and therefore these cells continue to secrete and exert the positive pressure.Dubious surgical results in patients with positive pressure of cholesterol granuloma are illustrated by cases with open cavities and incomplete mastoid surgery, intact canal wall techniques with complete surgery and ablation, extensive radical mastoid surgery with closure of the canal and retention blue domed cysts forming in the cavities of modified radical, and fenestrations of the horizontal semicircular canal.
Small fenestra stapedectomy. A preliminary report
Authors: Ted Bailey H. A. , Pappas James J. , Graham Sharon S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe small fenestra stapedectomy is based on a rationale of creating a more effective acoustical mechanical transmission system, while reducing potential labyrinthine disturbance. Surgical technique for the small fenestra stapedectomy is described, including the creation of the fenestra and the use of a McGee stainless steel piston prosthesis with loose areolar tissue around the piston. Postoperative results are compared in a series of 100 cases, 50 having the small fenestra technique, SFT, and 50 having partial or total footplate removal procedure. Vestibular results demonstrate a noticeable reduction in postoperative complaints of balance disorders in the SFT patients. Hearing results, when compared between the two groups, show a statistically significant advantage for the SFT patients in postoperative high frequency threshold sensitivity and speech discrimination scores. Technical difficulties in creating the fenestra without fracturing the entire footplate are discussed and suggestions made for their avoidance. The advantages of lowered risk, based on reduced trauma to and contamination of the labyrinth, as well as improved high frequency hearing sensitivity and speech discrimination, support the use of this procedure and call for further investigation and development of its clinical potential.
Artificial larynges: A review and development of a prototype self‐contained intra‐oral artificial larynx
Authors: Lowry Louis D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNew means of speaking after laryngectomy or loss of continuity of the airway have consisted of: 1. Pharyngostome with artificial larynx (artificial mechanism connecting the trachea to the pharynx). 2. Artificial sound to nose or mouth (e.g., bellows, grammaphone). 3. A reed device from tracheostome to the mouth or the nose. 4. Tracheoesophageal fistula with or without a communicating connecting device. 5. Transcervical sound source which is used by placing a sound source on the external neck transmitting the sound into the pharynx. 6. The implanted sound source, or 7. Intra‐oral sound source.This paper will review devices used to aid in artificial speech production provided in the past. No attempt will be made at reviewing the surgical literature on voice conservation procedures.Four sections are presented: 1. Early History of Laryngectomy and Review of Historical Artificial Larynges, 2. History of Alaryngeal Speech Production Without an Artificial Device, 3. Studies of Speech Production, Comparisons of Esophageal and Artificial Laryngeal Speech, and 4. Development of the Prototype Self‐Contained Intra‐Oral Artificial Larynx; synopsis of references reviewed in the first three sections; and a presentation of our new device in the fourth section.Each review is presented in chronological order with dates provided. Each of the first three sections is independent but relates to the common problem of alaryngeal speech.At the onset of design the self‐contained intra‐oral artificial larynx was thought to be only for persons after laryngectomy who for some reason could not attain esophageal speech. Later it became apparent that there are others, such as quadriplegics with tra‐cheostomies, who could also benefit from an artificial larynx which is orally controlled. The artificial larynx being tested at present in our lab is fitted into a dental plate or dental shim with a hearing aid speaker and a built‐in exponential horn which opens posteriorly. This artificial larynx is in its third revision and, at present, is externally wired during the testing phases. In its final form the power supply, electronic circuits, off‐on switch, speaker and exponential horn will be completely contained in the dental prosthesis. Modifications are being made to obtain appropriate loudness with a decreased voltage requiring fewer batteries fitted into the prosthesis. The circuits will be placed on a microcomputer chip after the best circuits have been obtained by testing externally placed hard wired circuits on several objects.
Congenital cricoid stenosis
Authors: Morimitsu Tamotsu , Matsumoto Ichiro , Okada Shuichi , Takahashi Masami , Kosugi Tadayoshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA case of congenital cricoid stenosis in a 9‐year‐old girl was reported. The stenosis was confirmed by direct laryngoscopy and laryngotracheograms performed through the tracheostoma. The excess cartilaginous tissue was removed under a midline incision of the cricoid cartilage (cricoidplasty). Seventeen cases of cricoid stenosis reported since 1960 were studied and the clinical entity was discussed. On the basis of the embryology of the larynx, the mechanism of origin of this malformation was also discussed.Although cricoid stenosis was a fatal malformation before 1968, it is now a curable disease using an emergency treacheostomy and a cricoidplasty.
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia: The first successful surgical treatment for associated hearing loss
Authors: Shea John , Gerbe Ronald , Ayani Nobuo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCraniometaphyseal dysplasia is a rare bone disorder characterized by various osseus abnormalities of the cranium and long bones. Hearing loss is often the presenting complaint. This is the first reported case of hearing loss due to craniometaphyseal dysplasia successfully corrected by operation.
Lymphoreticular neoplasia in the nose
Authors: Kronschnabel E. F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA clinical‐pathological discussion of three lymphoreticular neoplastic diseases is presented, with illustrative case histories. These are 1. malignant rnidline reticulosis; 2. extra‐medullary plasmacytom; 3. histiocytic lymphoma. Responsibility for exact diagnosis rests with the otolaryngologist to provide accurate and representative biopsy material for the pathologist. Because of the rarity of the disorders, the pathologist is entitled to repeat biopsies and consultations as needed. Although treatment is at the hands of others — oncologists and radiation therapists — the examining expertise of the otolaryngologist is essential in the care of these patients.
Vasomotor rhinitis: An update
Authors: Bickmore John T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA comparison of pertinent features of three types of rhinitis, with emphasis on etiology and immunologic factors, is made. Separation of nasal allergy from vasomotor rhinitis and from nasal polyposis is attempted. The ambiguity of terms used by various authors, which has caused confusion in the classification of rhinitis, is noted. It is the author's opinion that allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis and nasal polyposis are nasal diseases with their own identity in the majority of instances. However, this identity is not always clearly evident. Too often, allergic principles of treatment, particularly immunotherapy, are advised, and not found to be helpful.
Some effects of the respired environment on the nose
Authors: Ballenger John J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere is a dearth of factual information relating to the effect of the external gaseous environment on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. This paper is an attempt to gather some factual information in this regard. It is suggested that the mucus transport time is a meaningful index of the ability of the ciliated nasal mucosa to cope with the environmental challenges. Further, it is suggested that a depressed transport time may be one step in nasal disease induction.
Secondary surgical treatment of intranasal deformities of the unilateral cleft palate nose
Authors: Lowenthal Gerson 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntranasal as well as external nasal repair is desirable in the total repair of the unilateral cleft palate nose and in many instances can be achieved concurrently. Carefully performed septal reconstruction will correct the nasal obstruction due to the severe septal deviation to the cleft side and the usual caudal dislocation to the uninvolved side. Since a minimal amount of cartilage is removed, good support is Mayntained for the cartilaginous dorsum. Appropriate management of the turbinates, including extraction, infraction, submucous intramural electrocoagulation, or partial submucous resection will improve the functional result. Because of the better positioning of the septum, some of the alar and columellar abnormalities may be cosmetically improved, and repositioning of the ala or columella will enhance the esthetic appearance.
Polytomography in méaniègre's disease: An update
Authors: Austin David F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn a previous article the use of polytomography of the vestibular aqueduct in Ménière's disease was described. The value of this procedure in the prognosis of surgery was evaluated by contrast of results with a non‐radiographically examined population. Since then five more years of experience has been gained through routine radiographic examination of all patients with Ménière's disease.Within the above epoch, several efforts have been made to effectively separate patients into categories based on therapeutic expectations and prognostic stratifications. In addition X‐ray studies, glycerol tests, hearing levels, frequency of vertigo and other clinical features have been suggested as offering suitable data for prognostic stratification.This paper updates the radiologic data previously presented, and reviews the efforts to date to accomplish significant prognostic stratification. Several clinical aspects of patients with Meniere's disease which may affect its severity are outlined.
Diagnostic advantages of the torok monothermal differential caloric test
Authors: Kumar Arvind 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn the Torok monothermal differential caloric test, each ear is irrigated with 10 ml and 100 ml of water at 20$$ C in 5 and 20 sec, respectively. The intensity of the induced nystagmus is expressed in terms of frequency at culmination. The ratio between the weak and strong caloric responses may be normal or disproportionately large or small. When large, the ratio exceeds 3.5 and is called vestibular recruitment, a sign of labyrinthine disease. A ratio of 1.1 or less is called vestibular decruitment, a sign indicative of posterior fossa abnormality. Of 54 patients showing decruitment, a central lesion was confirmed in 51, an identification rate of 94%. The test is thus valuable in differentiating labyrinthine from retrolabyrinthine lesions.
Evaluation of the regional blood circulation of the hindbrain by dynamic computed tomography
Authors: Valvassori Galdino E. , Maffee Mahmood F. , Dobben Glen D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPermanent or transient reduction of blood flow to the hindbrain is often responsible for symptoms of disequilibrium, dizziness and occasionally sensorineural hearing loss. Recent advances in CT technology and the development of continuous rapid rotational CT brain scanning now permit a practical and relatively non‐invasive method for evaluation of regional brain circulation.It is the purpose of this presentation to review displays of normal CT hindbrain circulation and compare them with displays from patients with hindbrain ischemia. Dynamic CT provides a useful clinical index of brain blood circulation and can be used to detect and differentiate insufficiency due to pathology of the brain, of the artery supplying it, or of the cardiovascular system.Finally, the quantitative hemodynamic benefit from surgery of the carotid or vertebral arteries can be properly evaluated by this technique.
Cholesteatoma in children
Authors: Glasscock Michael E. , Dickins John R. E. , Wiet Richard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe surgical management of cholesteatoma in children reMayns a controversial subject. Many authors hold that the disease itself is more aggressive than that seen in adults. Furthermore, there appears to be a consensus that intact canal wall procedures, if used at all, should be reserved for adults only. The purpose of this paper is to study a group of children and adults who underwent the surgical removal of their cholesteatoma by intact canal wall tympanoplasty at The Otology Group between March 1, 1971 and March 1, 1977. A comparison of the results and complications in the two groups is presented in detail.
Chemotherapy for salivary gland cancer
Authors: Suen James Y. , Johns Michael E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSalivary gland cancers are usually treated with surgery and irradiation; however, some of the aggressive salivary gland cancers recur or metastasize and are not amendable to treatment with further surgery or irradiation. Little is known about chemotherapy for these palliative situations because of the relatively scarcity of these cancers. The data in the literature has provided little clinical information because all salivary gland cancers are usually lumped together and/or multiple different drug combinations are used.In an effort to arrive at a rational basis for recommending specific drug regimens for specific histologic types of salivary gland cancers, a two‐part study was undertaken to determine which chemotherapy drugs seem to be effective or ineffective. One part was a literature review, and the second part was a survey of numerous institutions' experiences, including our own.A total of 85 cases of salivary gland cancers treated with chemotherapy were felt to be evaluable for this study. The overall response rate (complete and partial) was 42%. Although disease responded whether it was local, regional, or distant disease, there was a higher response rate in local‐regional disease compared to distant metastases.Salivary gland cancers are definitely sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. This study reveals which drugs seem to be effective and provides some rational basis for future chemotherapy trials for salivary gland cancers.
Panel discussion: Pathogenesis of otitis media. Pathology and microbiology of otitis media
Authors: Meyerhoff William L. , Giebink G. Scott 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOtitis media (OM) can be subdivided into purulent, serous, mucoid, and chronic forms. It may occur in the absence of tympanic membrane changes and involve the inner ear. Purulent otitis media is characterized early by edema, hyperemia, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in the subepithelial space (SES) and later by mucosal metaplasia, granulation tissue, and osteitis. S. pneumoniae and H. influenza are most commonly identified. Serous and mucoid OM frequently develop from eustachian tube dysfunction. Serous transudate from vessels in the SES passes to the middle ear (serous otitis media). Basal cells differentiate into goblet cells and subepithelial glandular formation occurs. This secretory activity, coupled with fluid reabsorption, results in a mucoid effusion. Bacteria can be cultured from about 30% of these effusions. Chronic otitis media denotes irreversible tissue pathology. It may be sterile although S. aureus and coliform bacteria are frequently isolated.
Applications of the biomechanical behavior of cartilage to nasal septoplastic surgery
Authors: Murakami Wilson T. , Wong Louis W. , Davidson Terence M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe biomechnnics of septal cartilage as they apply to septoplasty are studied. The original investigations on septal cartilage are reviewed and summarized. Biomechanical principles of the behavior of cartilage are reviewed and applied to the principles of septoplasty surgery. Using pigs' ears, theoretical predictions are investigated and verified. Incorporating this information, an approach to septoplastic surgery is described.
Amino acid profiles in inner ear fluids and cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Thalmann R. , Comegys T. H. , Thalmann I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe levels of 19 amino acids in utricular endolymph, vestibular and cochlear perilymph, and cerebrospinal fluid of guinea pigs were determined using gradient elution reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography of the o‐phthaldialdehyde‐ethanethiol adducts with fluorescence detection. Aspartate and glutamate were significantly higher in endolymph than in perilymph, in agreement with earlier results on cochlear fluids based on enzymatic fluorometric techniques. All other amino acids tested were significantly lower in the endolymph, in most cases by an order of magnitude. Vestibular perilymph and perilymph of scala vestibuli are virtually identical. Amino acid levels were all higher in perilymph of scala vestibuli than in cerebrospinal fluid; two by an order of magnitude. All differences were statistically significant, with the exception of aspartate. Amino acid levels in perilymph of scala tympani were highly variable, dependent upon sampling technique, and no definite values are therefore presented. Comparisons with results from other laboratories, technical pitfalls, and possible implications and interpretations of the results are presented.
Surgical management of dural and temporal lobe herniation into the radical mastoid cavity
Authors: Graham Malcolm D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe possible underlying causes of temporal lobe herniation into the radical mastoid cavity are discussed, and the surgical principles and operative techniques for its correction are detailed and illustrated. The method herein described has been found to be effective and reliable in permanently correcting the dura and tegmen bone defect. A representative case history is presented.
Spectral analysis of tuning fork generated tones
Authors: Reiter David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTuning forks have been used as clinical pure tone generators since the middle of the nineteenth century. The development of electronic signal sources has fostered innumerable advances in audiologic diagnosis, yet the tuning fork remains in daily use by thousands of physicians, for rapid and reliable screening of auditory acuity.This study examines tuning forks as oscillators, determining harmonic distortion with real‐time spectral analysis. Various methods of striking the instrument are compared, with regard to harmonic distortion and sound pressure level generated. Tuning forks are, thus, compared to their electronic counterparts for the first time in the literature.Gentle striking of a steel, 256 Hz. fork on the thenar eminence produces tones comparable in purity to those generated by ANSI‐calibrated audiometers.Similar results were obtained with forks of higher frequency; however, careful use of light aluminum alloy forks may produce equally satisfactory results.
Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in patients with hemifacial spasm
Authors: Møsller Margarbta B. , Møsller Aage R. , Jannetta Peter J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBrain stem auditory evoked potentials (BSEP) were elicited and recorded from the spasm side and from the non‐spasm side of 39 patients operated upon to relieve hemifacial spasm. Thirty‐seven patients were studied before the microvascular decompression surgery at the root entry zone of the facial nerve was performed. Thirty‐one patients were studied 4 to 10 days postoperatively, and 7 were evaluated a second time, 6 weeks to 6 months after surgery. The latencies of peaks III and V of the ipsilaterally recorded BSEP were statistically significantly (p<0.05) larger on the spasm side than were those recorded on the non‐spasm side. The I to III interwove latencies did not show any statistically significant difference. This implies that the effects of hemifacial spasm are not limited to the facial nerve but extend to other cranial nerves and other parts of the brain stem than those involved in facial motor function. The pure tone thresholds recorded before and after the operations were essentially the same in the majority of the patients, were 10 to 15 dB lower in 13% of the patients postoperatively, and were 10 to 15 dB higher in 13% of the patients postoperatively. One patient suffered a moderate sensorineural low‐frequency hearing loss postoperatively.
Cochleosacculotomy for meniere's disease: Theory, technique and results
Authors: Schuknecht Harold F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of 51 patients with intractable vertigo from Meniere's disease were treated by a surgical procedure termed cochleosacculotomy. In this operation a right‐angled pick is introduced through the round window membrane and advanced 3 mm in the direction of the oval window. This passage carries the pick through the cochlear partition causing a fracture‐disruption of the osseous spiral lamina and cochlear duct. Within the time limits of this study (mean 4.32 months) 88% were relieved of disabling vertigo. Hearing losses of more than 20 dB occurred in 23% of the patients. Profound hearing losses occurred in two patients, one of which was associated with postoperative otitis media.
Surgery for otosclerosis in children
Authors: Cole James M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough otosclerosis in childhood is not common in the United States, we have done 62 stapes procedures in 43 patients who were under age 20 at the time of their initial surgery. There were 16 males and 27 females who developed a conductive hearing loss due to otosclerosis between age 6 and 17. The most common age at onset was 12 and 13 years, perhaps suggesting a relationship to puberty. Of these children and teenagers, 42% had severe oval window otosclerosis. Teflon wire prostheses were used in 33% of the operations and wire loop prostheses in most of the remainder; 27% had preoperative bone conduction of 25 dB or worse, indicating the presence of cochlear otosclerosis. The results of stapedectomy were good and approximately equal to that of adult patients.
Lesions of the hypoglossal nerve —diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation
Authors: Rontal Eugene , Rontal Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe hypoglossal nerve is one of the four nerves in the posterior cranial fossa. These include the vagus, glosspharyngeal, and spinal accessory nerves. The hypoglossal is, however, distinctly different from these other three nerves, having a separate blood supply in the brain stem, a separate exit from the skull, and a distinct physiologic function.As such, its distinctive findings provide an integral link to the diagnosis of posterior fossa disease. By coordinating anatomy and physiology to diagnosis, specific pathologic entities may be ascertained. This methodology can be applied to the classic supranuclear, nuclear and peripheral division of neurologic disorders.It is the purpose of this paper to provide a systemized approach to the diagnosis of disease involving the hypoglossal nerve. This approach will, in turn, allow an accurate diagnosis over an extensive part of the nervous system, especially in the brain stem and posterior fossa.