bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work‐life policy implementation: Breaking down or creating barriers to inclusiveness?
Authors: Ryan Ann Marie , Kossek Ellen Ernst 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAlthough many employers have adopted policies to supportthe integration of work with personal and family life, expected positive gains are not always real‐ized. One reason for this gap is that practitioners and researchers often overlook how variation in policy implementation and use by different employee stake‐holder groups fosters a culture of inclusiveness. We discuss four ways in which work‐life policies are implemented (the level of supervisor support for use, universality of availability, negotiability, and quality of communication) and show how these affect the degree to which policies are seen as promoting inclusion or exclusion.These implementation attributes affect whether an adopted policy is perceived to fulfill work‐life needs and act to signal the organization's support for individual differences in work identities and life circumstances. Implications for HR practitioners are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diverse succession planning: Lessons from the industry leaders
Authors: Greer Charles R. , Virick Meghna 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAlthough practitioners and academics alike have argued for succession planning practices that facilitate better talent identification and creation of stronger “bench strength,” there has been little attention to the incorporation of gender and racial diversity with succession planning.We discuss practices and competencies for incorporating diversity with succession planning and identify methods for developing women and minorities as successors for key positions. Improvements in strategy, leadership, planning, development, and program management processes are suggested. Recommendations for process improvement are developed from the diversity and succession planning literatures and interviews of 27 human resource professionals from a broad range of industries. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis B virus X protein induces apoptosis by enhancing translocation of Bax to mitochondria
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Kim Sang Yong , Kim Jinchul , Lee Heemin , Choi Misun , Kim Jeong Ki , Ahn Jeong Keun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is essential for viral replication and plays an important role in viral pathogenesis. HBx transactivates many viral and cellular genes and participates in cellular signal transduction pathways, proliferation, and apoptosis. In the present study, we report that HBx induces apoptosis by enhancing the translocation of Bax to mitochondria, followed by inducing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome C. In addition, Bcl‐2, inhibitor of Bax, rescues the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation induced by serum starvation in HepG2‐X cells expressing HBx. We also found that HBx binds directly to Bax and interferes with the interaction between Bax and 14‐3‐3ε to enhance the translocation of Bax to mitochondria. Taken together, our data suggest that HBx induces apoptosis by interacting with Bax and enhancing its translocation to mitochondria. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(7): 473–480, 2008
Role of xenobiotic transporters in bacterial drug resistance and virulence
Authors: Nishino Kunihiko , Yamaguchi Akihito 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSince the discovery of antibiotic therapeutics, the battles between humans and infectious diseases have never been stopped. Humans always face the appearance of a new bacterial drug‐resistant strain followed by new antibiotic development. However, as the genome sequences of infectious bacteria have been gradually determined, a completely new approach has opened. This approach can analyze the entire gene resources of bacterial drug resistance. Through analysis, it may be possible to discover the underlying mechanism of drug resistance that will appear in the future. In this review article, we will first introduce the method to analyze all the xenobiotic transporter genes by using the genomic information. Next, we will discuss the regulation of xenobiotic transporter gene expression through the two‐component signal transduction system, the principal environmental sensing and response system in bacteria. Furthermore, we will also introduce the virulence roles of xenobiotic transporters, which is an ongoing research area. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(9): 569–574, 2008
Evolution of the passive film on mechanically damaged nitinol
Authors: Schroeder Valeska 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of Nitinol‐based medical implants is critical to their success in vivo. Contemporary Nitinol‐based medical implants are typically chemically passivated or electrochemically polished to form a protective passive film. However, mechanically formed surfaces caused by handling damage, fretting, or fatigue fracture may also be present on a device in vivo. In this study, mechanically polished surfaces are used to simulate mechanically damaged surfaces such that analytical techniques, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, open circuit potential monitoring, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Mott‐Schottky analysis may be used to monitor the evolution of the passive film on mechanically damaged Nitinol. These mechanically polished Nitinol surfaces are compared with chemically passivated and electrochemically polished Nitinol surfaces and mechanically polished titanium surfaces in phosphate buffered saline solution. The mechanically polished Nitinol exhibits lower impedance at low frequencies, empirically modeled to a thinner film with lower film resistance than chemically passivated and electrochemically polished Nitinol and mechanically polished titanium. Moreover, the passive film on mechanically polished Nitinol continues to develop over time, increasing in its thickness and film resistance. This characterization demonstrates that mechanically formed surfaces may be initially less protective than chemically passivated and electrochemically polished Nitinol surfaces, but continue to become thicker and more resistant to electrochemical reactions with exposure to saline solution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Bioactive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels that support corneal epithelial wound healing
Authors: Myung David , Farooqui Nabeel , Zheng Luo Luo , Koh Wongun , Gupta Sarita , Bakri Amit , Noolandi Jaan , Cochran Jennifer R. , Frank Curtis W. , Ta Christopher N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe development and characterization of collagen‐coupled poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(acrylic acid) (PEG/PAA) interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels is described. Quantitative amino acid analysis and FITC‐labeling of collagen were used to determine the amount and distribution of collagen on the surface of the hydrogels. The bioactivity of the coupled collagen was detected by a conformation‐specific antibody and was found to vary with the concentration of collagen reacted to the photochemically functionalized hydrogel surfaces. A wound healing assay based on an organ culture model demonstrated that this bioactive surface supports epithelial wound closure over the hydrogel but at a decreased rate relative to sham wounds. Implantation of the hydrogel into the corneas of live rabbits demonstrated that epithelial cell migration is supported by the material, although the rate of migration and morphology of the epithelium were not normal. The results from the study will be used as a guide toward the optimization of bioactive hydrogels with promise in corneal implant applications such as a corneal onlay and an artificial cornea. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Titanium oxide as substrate for neural cell growth
Authors: Carballo‐Vila Mónica , Moreno‐Burriel Berta , Chinarro Eva , Jurado José R. , Casañ‐Pastor Nieves , Collazos‐Castro Jorge E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTitanium oxide has antiinflammatory activity and tunable electrochemical behavior that make it an attractive material for the fabrication of implantable devices. The most stable composition is TiO2 and occurs mainly in three polymorphs, namely, anatase, rutile, and brookite, which differ in its crystallochemical properties. Here, we report the preparation of rutile surfaces that permit good adherence and axonal growth of cultured rat cerebral cortex neurons. Rutile disks were obtained by sinterization of TiO2 powders of commercial origin or precipitated from hydrolysis of Ti(IV)‐isopropoxide. Commercial powders sintered at 1300–1600°C produced rutile surfaces with abnormal grain growth, probably because of impurities of the powders. Neurons cultured on those surfaces survived in variable numbers and showed fewer neurites than on control materials. On the other hand, rutile sintered from precipitated powders had less contaminants and more homogenous grain growth. By adjusting the thermal treatment it was possible to obtain surfaces performing well as substrate for neuron survival for at least 10 days. Some surfaces permitted normal axonal elongation, whereas dendrite growth was generally impaired. These findings support the potential use of titanium oxide in neuroprostheses and other devices demanding materials with enhanced properties in terms of biocompatibility and axon growth promotion. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Covalent surface modification of titanium oxide with different adhesive peptides: Surface characterization and osteoblast‐like cell adhesion
Authors: Dettin Monica , Bagno Andrea , Gambaretto Roberta , Iucci Giovanna , Conconi Maria Teresa , Tuccitto Nunzio , Menti Anna Michela , Grandi Claudio , Di Bello Carlo , Licciardello Antonino , Polzonetti Giovanni 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA fundamental goal in the field of implantology is the design of innovative devices suitable for promoting implant‐to‐tissue integration. This result can be achieved by means of surface modifications aimed at optimizing tissue regeneration. In the framework of oral and orthopedic implantology, surface modifications concern both the optimization of titanium/titanium alloy surface roughness and the attachment of biochemical factors able to guide cellular adhesion and/or growth. This article focuses on the covalent attachment of two different adhesive peptides to rough titanium disks. The capability of biomimetic surfaces to increase osteoblast adhesion and the specificity of their biological activity due to the presence of cell adhesion signal‐motif have also been investigated. In addition, surface analyses by profilometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time of flight‐secondary ion mass spectrometry have been carried out to investigate the effects and modifications induced by grafting procedures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
A novel nano‐porous alumina biomaterial with potential for loading with bioactive materials
Authors: Walpole Andrew R. , Xia Zhidao , Wilson Crispian W. , Triffitt James T. , Wilshaw Peter R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNano‐porous alumina, with the potential for being loaded with bioactive materials, has been proposed as a novel material for coating implants. In this study, the shear strength of the interface between such nano‐porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) coatings and titanium substrates, their biocompatibility, and their potential for pore loading have been investigated. An interface shear strength in excess of 29 MPa was obtained which is comparable with that of conventional plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite implant coatings. The viability and differentiation of MG63 osteoblastic cells co‐cultured on the coating was found to be broadly comparable to that of similar cells co‐cultured on conventional bioinert implant materials such as titanium and fully dense alumina. Extensive pore loading with silica nano‐particles of different sizes and in different combinations was demonstrated throughout the thickness of AAO layers 1 μm and 60 μm thick. This work has demonstrated, that with suitable choice of pore filling materials, this novel coating might simultaneously combat infection, encourage bone regeneration, and secure fixation of the implant to bone. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Contributions of contact activation pathways of coagulation factor XII in plasma
Authors: Chatterjee Kaushik , Guo Zhe , Vogler Erwin A. , Siedlecki Christopher A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractActivation of human blood plasma coagulation by contact with hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces (procoagulants) is dominated by kallikrein (Kal)‐mediated activation of the blood zymogen FXII (Hageman Factor). Mathematical modeling of prekallikrein (PK)‐deficient platelet‐poor plasma (dPKPPP) and PK‐reconstituted dPKPPP (RdPKPPP) coagulation shows that autoactivation of FXII ($ {\rm{FXII}}\mathop {-\!\!\!-\!\!\!-\!\!\!-\!\!\!\rightarrow}\limits^{{\rm{surface}}} {\rm{FXIIa}}$) produces no more than about 25% of the total FXIIa produced by the intrinsic pathway. Autoactivation and reciprocal‐activation increase in the same proportion with procoagulant surface energy (water‐wettability), whereas total amount of FXIIa produced per‐unit‐area procoagulant remains roughly constant for any particular procoagulant. These results suggest that procoagulant surfaces initiate the intrinsic cascade by producing a bolus of FXIIa in proportion to surface energy or surface area but play no additional role in subsequent molecular events in the cascade. Results further suggest that reciprocal‐activation occurs in proportion to the amount of FXIIa produced by the initiating autoactivation step. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Gap junction intercellular communication: A review of a potential platform to modulate craniofacial tissue engineering
Authors: Rossello Ricardo A. , Kohn David H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDefects in craniofacial tissues, resulting from trauma, congenital abnormalities, oncologic resection or progressive deforming diseases, may result in aesthetic deformity, pain and reduced function. Restoring the structure, function and aesthetics of craniofacial tissues represents a substantial clinical problem in need of new solutions. More biologically‐interactive biomaterials could potentially improve the treatment of craniofacial defects, and an understanding of developmental processes may help identify strategies and materials that can be used in tissue engineering. One such strategy that can potentially advance tissue engineering is cell–cell communication. Gap junction intercellular communication is the most direct way of achieving such signaling. Gap junction communication through connexin‐mediated junctions, in particular connexin 43 (Cx43), plays a major role bone development. Given the important role of Cx43 in controlling development and differentiation, especially in bone cells, controlling the expression of Cx43 may provide control over cell‐to‐cell communication and may help overcome some of the challenges in craniofacial tissue engineering. Following a review of gap junctions in bone cells, the ability to enhance cell–cell communication and osteogenic differentiation via control of gap junctions is discussed, as is the potential utility of this approach in craniofacial tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Noncoding RNAs produced by oncogenic human herpesviruses
Authors: Swaminathan Sankar 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe two human herpesviruses that are causally associated with cancer are Epstein–Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Both are lymphocryptoviruses that establish latency in B lymphocytes and persist for the lifetime of the host. EBV and KSHV are both linked to a variety of lymphomas. EBV is also a causative agent or cofactor in epithelial malignancies such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma whereas Kaposi's sarcoma is of endothelial cell origin. Both viruses encode a limited number of proteins during latent replication that are important for growth transformation and evasion of the immune system. In addition, they express noncoding RNAs during both latent and lytic infection. Many of these RNAs have been highly conserved during evolution and are expressed in a wide variety of clinical settings, suggesting their fundamental importance in the viral life cycle. The function of some of these RNAs such as the nuclear EBV EBER RNAs remains elusive although they are some of the most abundant transcripts produced by each virus. Both EBV and KSHV also have recently been shown to encode and express microRNAs. The study of these viral microRNAs is just beginning although several of their cellular and viral gene targets have been established. Viral microRNAs appear to be involved in both modulation of the immune response as well as oncogenesis. Because each target gene may have many microRNAs acting on its mRNA, and each microRNA may have more than one target, there are likely to be many new discoveries regarding the complex interactions of viral microRNAs and host cell genes. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 321–326, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatic stellate cells modulate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte‐like cells
Authors: Deng Xing , Chen Yue‐Xiang , Zhang Xin , Zhang Jun‐Ping , Yin Chuan , Yue Hai‐Yan , Lin Yong , Han Ze‐Guang , Xie Wei‐Fen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDifferentiation of stem cells is tightly regulated by the microenvironment which is mainly composed of nonparenchymal cells. Herein, we investigated effect of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in different states on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation. Rat HSCs were isolated and stayed quiescent within 5 days. Primary HSCs were activated by being in vitro cultured for 7 days or cocultured with Kupffer cells for 5 days. MSCs were cocultured with HSCs of different states. Expression of hepatic lineage markers was analyzed by RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence. Glycogen deposition was detected by periodic acid‐schiff staining. MSCs cocultured with HSC‐T6 or Kupffer cell activated HSCs were morphologically transformed into hepatocyte‐like cells. Hepatic‐specific marker albumin was expressed in 78.3% of the differentiated MSCs 2 weeks after initiation of coculture. In addition, the differentiated MSCs also expressed α‐fetoprotein, cytokeratin‐18, glutamine synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Glycogen deposition was detectable in 55.4% of the differentiated MSCs 6 weeks after initiation of coculture. However, the quiescent HSCs or culture activated HSCs did not exert the ability to modulate the differentiation of MSCs. Moreover, Kupffer cell activated HSCs rather than culture activated HSCs expressed hepatocyte growth factor mRNA. We draw the conclusion that fully activated HSCs could modulate MSCs differentiation into hepatocyte‐like cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 138–144, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selection and optimisation of macroporous resin for separation of stilbene glycoside from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.
Authors: Lv Lishuang , Tang Jian , Ho Chi‐Tang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: 2,3,5,4′‐Tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside (SG; a stilbene glycoside) is a major bioactive component of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM), a popular traditional Chinese herb. In this study a method was developed for the separation of SG from PM on macroporous resins. These were selected and optimised using the linear correlation coefficients of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and a pseudo‐first‐order model to explain the kinetic results. Then dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out on a column packed with the chosen resin to optimise the separation process.RESULTS: HPD100 resin gave the best performance in the separation of SG from PM. The optimal parameters were a sample concentration in solution of 3.5 g mL−1, a pH of 4.8, a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1 and an elution solvent of 40% (v/v) ethanol. Using this scaled‐up column, a product with a final SG content of 819 mg g−1 and a recovery yield of 74.7% was achieved. In addition, pure acicular crystals of SG could be obtained from this product.CONCLUSION The results showed that HPD100 was the most efficient resin for the separation of SG, which may provide a scientific basis for larger‐scale stilbene glycoside production from PM and other plant extracts. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Merit pay raises and organization‐based self‐esteem
Authors: Scott Kristin L. , Shaw Jason D. , Duffy Michelle K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe developed and tested a theory of the relationship between merit pay raises and organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE) in a longitudinal study of hospital employees. We predicted that the positive relationship between merit pay raise size and OBSE would be stronger when pay‐for‐performance (PFP) perceptions were high and predicted further that this interaction would be stronger among older employees. As predicted, merit pay raises were not related to OBSE levels for younger employees, but, among older employees, larger merit raises increased OBSE when PFP perceptions were high and decreased OBSE when PFP perceptions were low. Implications of the study for merit pay theory and practice are addressed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conflict management between and within teams for trusting relationships and performance in China
Authors: Hempel Paul S. , Zhang Zhi‐Xue , Tjosvold Dean 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTrusting relationships are increasingly considered vital for making teams productive. We propose that cooperative management of conflict can help team members to be convinced that their teammates are trustworthy. Results from 102 organizations in China support the theorizing that how teams to manage conflict with each other affects within‐team conflict management. Specifically, cooperative conflict between teams helps teams to manage their internal conflicts cooperatively that strengthens trust that in turn facilitates team performance. Results provide support for managing conflict cooperatively as a foundation for trusting, productive relationships in China as well as in the West. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality changes in mixtures of hydrogenated and non‐hydrogenated oils during frying
Authors: Li Yungsheng , Ngadi Michael , Oluka Sylvester 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: There is a need for frying oils with reduced trans fatty acid content and increased oxidative stability. This study was conducted to measure and compare frying oil quality parameters, namely colour, viscosity, free fatty acid (FFA) content and dielectric property, and to investigate changes in properties of mixtures of fully hydrogenated and non‐hydrogenated canola oils during deep‐fat frying of chicken nuggets. Proportions of hydrogenated oil to non‐hydrogenated oil used in the study were 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. Chicken nuggets were fried at 190 °C. The relationships among quality parameters, frying time and oil type were investigated.RESULTS: Frying time and oil type had significant effects on all properties. First‐order kinetic equations were used to represent changes in colour, viscosity and FFA content. The rates of change of viscosity and FFA content were higher in non‐hydrogenated oil, whereas the rates of change of colour were similar in the different oils. Increasing the level of hydrogenated oil in the mixture resulted in only slight changes in quality parameters.CONCLUSION: Quality parameters, namely colour, viscosity, FFA content and dielectric property, of frying oil are significantly affected by frying time and hydrogenation level. Frying oil quality and stability can be adjusted by mixing hydrogenated and non‐hydrogenated oils. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry