bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated life cycle assessment and environmental impact analysis: application to power plants
Authors: Feng Haiquan , Gabbar Hossam A. , Tanaka Satoshi , Sayed Hanaa E. , Suzuki Kazuhiko , Gruver William 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWith the recent environmental challenges, especially with those concerning energy generation, it is essential to provide an integrated life cycle assessment (LCA) approach that considers environmental impacts of power plants. This work proposes a practical framework to conduct LCA on power plants, which considers the environmental life cycle impact assessment method (LIME). Activity models are defined for the LCA process and integrated LCA‐LIME object model is defined and used to evaluate different environmental loads caused by power plants. Life cycle data from Japanese power plants are used to illustrate the proposed integrated framework. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractionation of dairy wastewater into a protein‐rich and a lactose‐rich product
Authors: Chollangi A. , Hossain M. D. M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFractionation of dairy wastewater into lactose‐enriched and protein‐enriched streams using an ultrafiltration membrane technique was examined. Three different sizes (3, 5 and 10 kDa) of regenerated cellulose membranes were used to determine the most efficient membrane for the process. Performance was determined under various operating conditions that included membrane size, temperature and transmembrane pressure (TMP) on the lactose and protein separation. The experiments were initially conducted with a made‐up solution of (1) pure lactose, and (2) lactose solution with protein at different concentrations. After the behaviour of the membrane towards lactose and protein were assessed the experiments were performed with dairy wastewater supplied by a local dairy processing plant.From the results it was found that the 3, 5 and 10 kDa membranes provided 70–80, 95–100 and 100% recovery of lactose, respectively, from the made‐up solution of pure lactose. The 10 kDa membrane results also showed a 100% recovery of lactose from the wastewater sample. At high temperatures, the lactose removal was higher by a minimum of 5% and a maximum of 18%. In general, increase in TMP increased the permeate flux which increased the percentage of lactose being removed. Other experiments conducted with wastewater showed that the permeate flux decreased initially for 25 min until a steady state was reached. The addition of protein to the made‐up lactose solution decreased the percentage of lactose being removed. The 5 kDa membrane shows 90‐95% rejection of protein, whereas the 10 kDa membrane yields low protein rejection at lower TMPs, but high rejection at higher TMPs.For the membranes considered (i.e. cellulose‐based material and the cassette‐type module), the most effective membrane for lactose recovery from made‐up solution, as well as from dairy wastewater, is 10 kDa. Protein rejection from a made‐up solution of lactose and protein was low while using a 10 kDa membrane. Fouling was found to be very significant from the experiments with wastewater. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical solution of the RLW equation by Galerkin method using quartic B‐splines
Authors: Saka Bülent , Dağ İdris 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGalerkin finite element method based on quartic B‐splines is used to find a numerical solution of the regularized long wave equation. The method is tested on the problems of propagation of solitary waves, interaction of two and three solitary waves, undulation and wave generation. Comparisons are made with both analytical solutions and results of some published methods. Accuracy and efficiency of the scheme are discussed by computing numerical conserved laws and L2,  L∞ error norms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sampling efficiency of a single‐cell capillary electrophoresis system
Authors: Brown Robert B. , Audet Julie 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) combined with a laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) detection scheme is a powerful approach for single‐cell analysis. For measurements requiring a high temporal resolution, CE–LIF is often combined with cell lysis systems based on pulsed lasers. Although extremely rapid, laser lysis has raised some concerns about the efficiency at which the cell contents are sampled. We have assembled a single‐cell CE‐LIF mounted on the stage of a microscope. This system was coupled with a nanosecond pulsed laser for cell lysis. We have analyzed green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressed in single mammalian cells and developed a novel approach to estimate the cell sampling efficiency (SE) based on the use of fluorescent calibration microspheres and flow cytometry. A significant advantage of this method is that it does not require any knowledge or assumption regarding the cell volume. We have evaluated the SE for different laser pulse energies (from 2 to 9 μJ) and two different pulse focal positions in the xy plane (0–10 μm from the center of the cell). We found the maximum SE at the lowest energy (2 μJ), with the pulse focused directly on the cell. We have demonstrated the utility of a novel method to measure the SE of a single‐cell CE system. The measurements presented in this study indicate that rapid cell lysis with nanosecond lasers requires careful optimization of pulse parameters for maximum sampling of the cell contents. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
CB1 receptors: emerging evidence for central and peripheral mechanisms that regulate energy balance, metabolism, and cardiovascular health
Authors: Cota Daniela 
Published: August 2007

AbstractInsulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and obesity are the major cardiometabolic risk factors contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Owing to the increasing prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and CVD, new and effective pharmacologic therapies are urgently needed. In this regard, the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS), a neuromodulatory system involved in the regulation of various aspects of energy balance and eating behaviour through central and peripheral mechanisms, may present the potential to meet this need. In the central nervous system (CNS), cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors and their respective ligands, the endocannabinoids, have a significant role in the modulation of food intake and motivation to consume palatable food. CB1 receptors have also been found in organs involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, such as liver, white adipose tissue, muscle and pancreas. Dysregulation of the ECS has been associated with the development of dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance, and obesity, and CB1 receptor blockade may have a role in ameliorating these metabolic abnormalities. Thus, pharmacologic options targeting the ECS may provide a novel, effective approach to the prevention and management of CVD, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic expression of FXYD6 in the inner ear suggests a role of the protein in endolymph homeostasis and neuronal activity
Authors: Delprat Benjamin , Puel Jean‐Luc , Geering Käthi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA key protein in the production and in the maintenance of the endocochlear potential is the Na,K‐ATPase. Previously, we have shown that FXYD6 is a modulator of the Na,K‐ATPase expressed in the inner ear (Delprat et al. [2007] J Biol Chem 282:7450–7456). To investigate the potential role of FXYD6 in inner ear function, we studied the developmental expression of FXYD6. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrates that FXYD6 is present as two splice variants. Both variants coimmunoprecipitate with Na,K‐ATPase after expression in Xenopus oocytes. Immunohistochemistry of the cochlea (from birth to postnatal day 30) shows that FXYD6 is expressed in several epithelial cells important for endolymph homeostasis. Marked similarities were found in the developmental expression patterns of FXYD6 and Na,K‐ATPase, suggesting functional cooperation between the two proteins in the generation and maintenance of the endocochlear potential and ion composition of the endolymph. Developmental Dynamics 236:2534–2540, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone growth in zebrafish fins occurs via multiple pulses of cell proliferation
Authors: Jain Isha , Stroka Christine , Yan Jianying , Huang Wei‐Min , Iovine M. Kathryn 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFin length in the zebrafish is achieved by the distal addition of bony segments of the correct length. Genetic and molecular data provided evidence that segment growth uses a single pulse of growth, followed by a period of stasis. Examination of cell proliferation during segment growth was predicted to expose a graphical model consistent with a single burst of cell division (e.g., constant, parabolic, or exponential decay) during the lengthening of the distal‐most segment. Cell proliferation was detected either by labeling animals with bromodeoxyuridine (during S‐phase) or monitoring histone3‐phosphate (mitosis). Results from both methods revealed that the number of proliferating cells fluctuates in apparent pulses as a segment grows (i.e., during the growth phase). Thus, rather than segment size being the result of a single burst of proliferation, it appears that segment growth is the result of several pulses of cell division that occur approximately every 60 microns (average segment length ∼ 250 microns). These results indicate that segment lengthening requires multiple pulses of cell proliferation. Developmental Dynamics 236:2668–2674, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of XSnail2 expression by Rho GTPases
Authors: Broders‐Bondon Florence , Chesneau Albert , Romero‐Oliva Francisco , Mazabraud André , Mayor Roberto , Thiery Jean Paul 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe analyzed the effects of Rho GTPases on XSnail2 expression during neural crest (NC) ontogeny in Xenopus laevis embryos. The ectopic expression of both dominant‐negative (N−) and constitutively active (V−) Rho GTPase mutants after RNA or DNA microinjection disrupted the endogenous expression of XSnail2, XFoxD3, and XSnail1. V14RhoA and N17Rac1 were inhibitory, whereas N19RhoA and V12Rac1 increased NC marker gene expression. In reporter assays using a XSnail2 promoter–green fluorescent protein (GFP) construct (α700BA‐GFP), the ectopic expression of V14RhoA, N17Rac1, or the Rac1 inhibitor NSC 23766 decreased reporter expression in NC‐neural plate, whereas N19RhoA or the RhoA inhibitor Y27632 and V12Rac1 enhanced it. Similarly, transgenic embryos expressing Rho GTPase mutants and GFP under control of the α700BA promoter displayed variations similar to those observed for ectopic RNA and DNA expression. These results show that Rho GTPases can regulate the expression of XSnail2 during NC ontogeny. Developmental Dynamics 236:2555–2566, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anorexia nervosa associated with right frontal brain lesion
Authors: Houy Emmanuelle , Debono Bertrand , Dechelotte Pierre , Thibaut Florence 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective:A causal association of brain lesion to the physiopathology of anorexia nervosa will be discussed.Method:The authors report the case of a female patient who developed anorexia nervosa. A cavernoma, located on the frontal side of the right sylvian, was discovered by chance after a seizure.Results:Surgical treatment of the lesion resulted in complete remission of the eating disorder at two years follow‐up.Conclusion:Evidence for organic brain contribution to anorexia nervosa is strong and can be illustrated by this case report of anorexia nervosa associated with cerebral tumour.
Linguistic analyses of natural written language: Unobtrusive assessment of cognitive style in eating disorders
Authors: Wolf Markus , Sedway Jan , Bulik Cynthia M. , Kordy Hans 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective:Linguistic style analysis is introduced as a method of nonreactive measurement of cognitive style in individuals with eating disorders (ED).Method:A journaling exercise was implemented on an ED inpatient unit. Thirty‐four written essays collected from an unselected sample of 11 patients were analysed with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, with regard to predefined text categories. At each session, self‐report of participant well‐being and session impact were assessed.Results:Compared to essays from a student control group, and message‐board entries of individuals who had recovered from an anorexia nervosa (AN), the inpatient journals displayed the highest rates of self‐related words, negative emotion words, and the lowest rate of positive emotion words. Inpatients used more anxiety words and fewer words that refer to social processes and eating concerns than individuals who had recovered from an AN. Associations were found between linguistic categories, prewriting well‐being, and postwriting evaluation.Conclusion:Linguistic style analysis offers insights into cognitive styles, and provides a promising approach for their unobtrusive measurement in ED. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Fluorinated Furan‐2(5H)‐ones: Reactivity and Stereoselectivity in Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Hajduch Jan , Paleta Oldřich , Kvíčala Jaroslav , Haufe Günter 
Published: August 2007

Abstract3‐Fluorofuran‐2(5H)‐one (1) and three 3,4‐difluorofuran‐2(5H)‐ones 2–4, α,β‐unsaturated lactones possessing fluorinated double bonds, were applied as dienophiles in Diels–Alder reactions with normal electron demand using diphenylisobenzofuran or cyclopentadiene as dienes. In the same reactions, furan or 2,3‐dimethylbuta‐1,3‐diene were completely unreactive. Three structural factors of furan‐2(5H)‐ones appeared to have an effect on the reactivity, regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity of the [4+2] cycloadditions: the number of fluorine atoms attached to the double bond and the number and the bulkiness of alkyl substituents at the 5‐position of the furan‐2(5H)‐one system. The monofluorinated furan‐2(5H)‐one 1 was generally more reactive than the difluorinated furan‐2(5H)‐ones 2–4. While the reactions of the furan‐2(5H)‐ones 2–4 with isobenzofuran exclusively gave exo products, those of the monofluorinated lactone 1 led to mixtures of endo and exo diastereoisomeric [4+2] cycloadducts. All fluorinated furan‐2(5H)‐ones 1–4 formed mixtures of diastereoisomeric 1:1 and 1:2 adducts with cyclopentadiene. DFT calculations of the transition states of the above Diels–Alder reactions using the BMK functional, a third‐generation hybrid functional tailored for transition state calculations, together with the polarization consistent aug‐pc‐2 basis set, confirmed the preferential formation of the exo adducts from difluorinated furan‐2(5H)‐ones, while for nonfluorinated analogues a small but significant preference for the endo adducts was confirmed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Space—time zero‐inflated count models of Harbor seals
Authors: Ver Hoef Jay M. , Jansen John K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEnvironmental data are spatial, temporal, and often come with many zeros. In this paper, we included space‐time random effects in zero‐inflated Poisson (ZIP) and ‘hurdle’ models to investigate haulout patterns of harbor seals on glacial ice. The data consisted of counts, for 18 dates on a lattice grid of samples, of harbor seals hauled out on glacial ice in Disenchantment Bay, near Yakutat, Alaska. A hurdle model is similar to a ZIP model except it does not mix zeros from the binary and count processes. Both models can be used for zero‐inflated data, and we compared space‐time ZIP and hurdle models in a Bayesian hierarchical model. Space‐time ZIP and hurdle models were constructed by using spatial conditional autoregressive (CAR) models and temporal first‐order autoregressive (AR(1)) models as random effects in ZIP and hurdle regression models. We created maps of smoothed predictions for harbor seal counts based on ice density, other covariates, and spatio‐temporal random effects. For both models predictions around the edges appeared to be positively biased. The linex loss function is an asymmetric loss function that penalizes overprediction more than underprediction, and we used it to correct for prediction bias to get the best map for space‐time ZIP and hurdle models. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction error estimators in Empirical Bayes disease mapping
Authors: Ugarte M. D. , Militino A. F. , Goicoa T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMapping of small area mortality (or incidence) risks is a widely used technique in public health research. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) is a common direct index of disease mortality, but it might be very inaccurate in areas or counties with low population. Hence, the use of models that borrow information from related (neighbouring) regions, smoothing the crude mortality risks, is recommended. In this work, we focus on comparing prediction error estimators used in Empirical Bayes (EB) disease mapping, which are correct up to first order, with alternative first and second‐order correct proposals from the small area estimation literature. Our main interest is to check if second‐order approximations of the prediction error improve confidence intervals for the relative risks. The well known Scottish lip cancer data is used for illustrative purposes. A simulation study is also conducted indicating that there is not much gain in efficiency when using second‐order corrections. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved likelihood inference for the roughness parameter of the GA0 distribution
Authors: da Silva Michel Ferreira , Cribari‐Neto Francisco , Frery Alejandro C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper presents adjusted profile likelihoods for α, the roughness parameter of the${\cal G}_{A}^{0} (\alpha, \gamma, {\cal L})$distribution. This distribution has been widely used in the modeling, processing and analysis of data corrupted by speckle noise, e.g., synthetic aperture radar images. Specifically, we consider the following modified profile likelihoods: (i) the one proposed by Cox and Reid, and (ii) approximations to adjusted profile likelihood proposed by Barndorff—Nielsen, namely the approximations proposed by Severini and one based on results by Fraser, Reid and Wu. We focus on point estimation and on signalized likelihood ratio tests, the parameter of interest being the roughness parameter that indexes the distribution. As far as point estimation is concerned, the numerical evidence presented in the paper favors the Cox and Reid adjustment, and in what concerns signalized likelihood ratio tests, the results favor the approximation to Barndorff7mdash;Nielsen's adjustment based on the results by Fraser, Reid and Wu. An application to real synthetic aperture radar imagery is presented and discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slosh dynamics of inviscid fluids in two‐dimensional tanks of various geometry using finite element method
Authors: Mitra S. , Upadhyay P. P. , Sinhamahapatra K. P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper brings into focus some of the interesting effects arising from the motion of the liquid free surface due to sloshing in partially filled containers of several geometrical shapes in two dimensions. The slosh characteristics that include frequencies, free surface profiles and the hydrodynamic pressure over the container walls have been reported in this study. The equations of motion of the fluid, considered inviscid, are expressed in terms of the pressure variable alone. It is assumed that the frequency of the exciting oscillation is not in the immediate neighborhood of the natural slosh frequency, so that the slope of the free surface is small. Simple harmonic oscillation and earthquake excitations are used as the prescribed boundary conditions. A finite difference‐based iterative time‐stepping technique is employed to advance the solution in the time domain. The paper presents numerical solutions for rectangular, vertically mounted annular cylindrical,
trapezoidal and horizontal circular cylindrical containers. Numerical results obtained are compared with the available existing solutions to validate the code developed. The parametric study of the slosh dynamic systems shows the importance of the nature of excitation, fluid height and the geometry of the container. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The efficient and accurate solution of continuous thin film flow over surface patterning and past occlusions
Authors: Lee Y. C. , Thompson H. M. , Gaskell P. H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe benefits of a spatially and time‐adaptive full approximation storage (FAS) multigrid method for the solution of the thin film lubrication equations, as used to model gravity‐driven flow over complex submerged topography and past small‐scale occlusions, are investigated. Results are presented which demonstrate how flow orientation has a significant effect on the magnitude of the resultant free‐surface disturbances and how reduction of the in‐plane dimensions of the associated topography increases the computational resources needed to achieve grid‐independent solutions. In addition, the ability to automatically restrict fine grid resolution only to those regions in and around small, localized topography is shown to lead to significantly increased computational efficiency over grid‐independent solutions obtained on globally fine meshes with the same degree of accuracy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of turbulent flow separation in a rectangular duct with a sharp 180‐degree turn by algebraic Reynolds stress model
Authors: Sugiyama Hitoshi , Tanaka Tatsuya , Mukai Hideaki 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTurbulent flow in a rectangular duct with a sharp 180‐degree turn is difficult to predict numerically because the flow behavior is influenced by several types of forces, including centrifugal force, pressure‐driven force, and shear stress generated by anisotropic turbulence. In particular, this type of flow is characterized by a large‐scale separated flow, and it is difficult to predict the reattachment point of a separated flow. Numerical analysis has been performed for a turbulent flow in a rectangular duct with a sharp 180‐degree turn using the algebraic Reynolds stress model. A boundary‐fitted coordinate system is introduced as a method for coordinate transformation to set the boundary conditions next to complicated shapes. The calculated results are compared with the experimental data, as measured by a laser‐Doppler anemometer, in order to examine the validity of the proposed numerical method and turbulent model. In addition, the possibility of improving the wall function method in the separated flow region is examined by replacing the log‐law velocity profile for a smooth wall with that for a rough wall. The analysis results indicated that the proposed algebraic Reynolds stress model can be used to reasonably predict the turbulent flow in a rectangular duct with a sharp 180‐degree turn. In particular, the calculated reattachment point of a separated flow, which is difficult to predict in a turbulent flow, agrees well with the experimental results. In addition, the calculation results suggest that the wall function method using the log‐law velocity profile for a rough wall over a separated flow region has some potential for improving the prediction accuracy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.