bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Talking about color … Which George Palmer?
Authors: Kuehni Rolf 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA George Palmer different from the one identified by J.D. Mollon is introduced as the author of the 1777 book Theory of Colours and Vision and other works and pertinent facts of his life are described. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 2–5, 2009
Manifestation of depressive tendency in color perception and colors utilized in creating a self‐portrait
Authors: Wu Fong‐Gong , Chang Eva , Lee Ying‐Jye 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThere are a large number of studies on color and its influence upon human emotions, but there have been only a few studies on the correlation between color and depressive mental disorders. This study used color preference, association, and creation of self‐portraits to explore the relationship between color and depressive tendency. In this study, 337 freshman design students participated in the experiment, and the center for epidemiologic studies‐depression scale (CES‐D) was used to determine the extent of depression in the subjects. After classifying the subject as “depressive tendency” and “no depressive tendency,” the semantic differential scale and color association methods were used to explore the subjects' emotional, cognitive, and perceptive responses to Munsell 14 colors. In the final portion of the study, the 233 subjects created a colored self‐portrait. The main conclusions found by this study are: (1) when color is used to determine whether subjects have depressive tendency, then the three colors of Yellowish Red, Purple, and Dark Gray are important discriminant variables. (2) those who have depressive tendency (DT) or do not have depressive tendency (NoDT) have similar results in color association, except when viewing dark Gray in association with abstract concepts, wherein DT subjects chose more negative emotional words such as “hopeless,” “fear,” and “depression”; (3) among the 233 self‐portraits, the existence of depressive tendency correlated with the colors used on the face in the self‐portrait. From the above conclusions, this study finds that there is much association between depressive tendency and color perception. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 84–92, 2009.
Chroma, chromatic luminance, and luminous reflectance. Part I: Basic research and illustration of relations
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChromatic luminance carries both wavelength and radiance of light, is the source of all psychophysical dimensions and all color attributes, and is a key to understand their relations. It has long attracted research, hindered in the past by flawed definitions of colorimetric purity (pc), remedied in a recent article. This article investigates relations between luminous reflectance Y (i.e., total luminance, chromatic plus achromatic), chromatic luminance (calculated from Y per pc), and chroma/colorfulness. Relations are clarified, illustrated by formulas and graphs including three‐dimensional schemas of luminance Y, chromatic luminance, and color solids. A useful new term, relative chromatic luminance, is introduced. Munsell chroma is shown to resemble inverted log luminance much more closely than inverted log colorimetric purity as claimed by previous researchers. The relationship is used in Part II to model chroma, colorfulness, and brightness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 45–54, 2009.
Chroma, chromatic luminance, and luminous reflectance. Part II: Related models of chroma, colorfulness, and brightness
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPart I of this article found, inter alia, that chroma resembles log inverted luminance. This article develops three math models of Munsell chroma and associated colorfulness from (1) inverted luminous reflectance Y, (2) inverted chromatic luminance, and (3) inverted chromatic luminance combined (over the mid‐spectrum 480–580 nm) with the unimodal curve for spectral absorptance of M cones. The first two models are simple but of limited accuracy and demonstrate that inverted luminance (of any form) cannot fully account for varying relative chroma around the hue cycle, particularly the minor minimum and maximum about 490 and 520 nm (which also feature in B:L functions). The third model is rather complex but very accurate, apparently the only accurate model of Munsell chroma or other experimentally based scales of relative chromaticness in the literature. It adjusts to any level of luminance or purity, as demonstrated for several levels. Three models of brightness (B:L ratio) for 20 field aperture colors are given, based on either Munsell chroma or log inverted chromatic luminance. The former provides two accurate and simple models of the CIE B:L function: (1) log chroma = B:L ratio ±0.1, and (2) (chroma/k)x = B:L ratio ±0.1. The latter also predicts B:L for nonspectral colors and those of lower purities, e.g., object colors. The results finally solve the relationship between brightness and chroma and demonstrate that B:L ratio (a contrast in constant luminance) arises directly from chroma (also a form of contrast in constant luminance), or the reverse. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 55–67, 2009.
A membrane‐bound FRET‐based caspase sensor for detection of apoptosis using fluorescence lifetime and total internal reflection microscopy
Authors: Angres Brigitte , Steuer Heiko , Weber Petra , Wagner Michael , Schneckenburger Herbert 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA caspase sensor based on Förster resonance energy transfer between fluorescent proteins is reported. Enhanced cyan fluorescent protein anchored to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane of living cells is optically excited by an evanescent electromagnetic field and transfers its excitation energy via a spacer (DEVD) to an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein. Upon apoptosis, DEVD is cleaved and energy transfer is disrupted, as proven by pronounced changes in fluorescence spectra and decay times. Fluorescence spectroscopy and lifetime imaging (FLIM) is combined with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) for selective detection of this membrane‐bound caspase sensor. Fluorophores of the cytoplasm are thus excluded, and the signal‐to‐background ratio is increased considerably. In comparison with conventional or laser scanning microscopy, this permits long‐term observation of apoptosis in live cell cultures using very low absorption and avoiding light‐induced damages of the samples. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Investigation into the significance of failure rate calculations for erbium—doped fiber amplifiers in view of the reliability of communication networks
Authors: Rapp Lutz 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the impact of erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (EDFAs) on the reliability of communication networks. It is shown that failure rates calculated for EDFAs have only limited significance in view of the reliability of the complete network. Standard amplifier setups using a single pump per stage are compared with setups making use of pump sharing. The analysis reveals that differences with respect to downtime and mean time to repair of networks using these types of amplifiers are much smaller than it is expected from the failure rate calculations. This is due to the fact that standard amplifiers can compensate the failure of an intermediate pump for several operating conditions by increasing the power emitted by the other pumps, whereas compensation capabilities of setups based on pump sharing are strongly constrained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case study in organizational change: Evaluation in Cooperative Extension
Authors: Rennekamp Roger A. , Engle Molly 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis chapter examines how factors both internal and external to Cooperative Extension have influenced its commitment and capability to assess the quality and impact of its programs. The authors begin by documenting how the nature of Extension programming has changed dramatically in response to societal needs over the course of the organization's history. Because Extension's culture places great value on service to people, early attempts to measure organizational performance focused on the number of individuals reached and the quality of the interaction with those individuals. Over time, Extension educators began to turn their attention to program outcomes. But it wasn't until Extension was threatened with significant budget cuts that the organization responded with systemwide efforts to document the results of its programming. The authors conclude that so long as Extension educators consider program evaluation an obligation to be met rather than an opportunity to learn and grow, optimum levels of commitment and capability cannot be achieved. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Birth weight and childhood leukemia: A meta‐analysis and review of the current evidence
Authors: Caughey Robert W. , Michels Karin B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that childhood leukemia may be initiated in utero when lymphoid and myeloid cells are not fully differentiated and are particularly susceptible to malignant transformation. A fixed effects meta‐analysis examining the association between birth weight and childhood leukemia was conducted including 32 studies and 16,501 cases of all types of leukemia (OL), 10,974 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 1,832 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The odd ratios (OR) for the association of high birth weight with OL, ALL and AML were 1.35 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.48), 1.23 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.32), and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.76), respectively, compared with normal birth weight. Low birth weight was not associated with overall and ALL leukemia, but with AML (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.13). Per 1000 g increase in birth weight, the OR for OL was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.23) and ALL 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.23). The combined available evidence from observational studies suggests that high birth weight is associated with an increased risk of overall leukemia and ALL. For AML the risk may be elevated at both high and low extremes of birth weight, suggesting a U‐shaped association. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of deoxycholate induction of CXCL8 by the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in colorectal cancer
Authors: Rial Nathaniel S. , Lazennec Gwendal , Prasad Anil R. , Krouse Robert S. , Lance Peter , Gerner Eugene W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractElevated deoxycholic acid (DCA), mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and chronic inflammation are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. APC status was manipulated to determine whether DCA mediates inflammatory molecules in normal or initiated colonic mucosa. DCA increased steady state mRNA and protein levels of CXCL8 in cells which do not express wild‐type APC. Steady‐state CXCL8 mRNA and protein were suppressed when cells with conditional expression of wild‐type APC were exposed to DCA. Immunostaining did not detect CXCL8 in normal human colonic mucosa. CXCL8 was expressed in adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinomas. CXCL8 expression correlated with nuclear β‐catenin localization in epithelial cells of adenomas, but was associated with endothelial cells and neutrophils in the adenocarcinomas. DCA‐mediated CXCL8 promoter–reporter activity was elevated in a mutant APC background. Wild‐type APC suppressed this effect. Mutation of activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) or nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) sites suppressed the activation of the CXCL8 promoter–reporter by DCA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that AP‐1 and NF‐κB binding to the 5′‐promoter of CXCL8 was induced by DCA. The β‐catenin transcription factor was bound to the 5′‐promoter of CXCL8 in the absence or presence of DCA. Phenotypic assays determined that DCA‐mediated invasion was blocked by antibody‐directed against CXCL8 or wild‐type APC. CXCL8 exposure led to matrix metalloproteinase‐2 production and increased invasion on laminin‐coated filters. These data suggest that DCA‐mediated CXCL8 occurs in initiated colonic epithelium and neutralizing CXCL8 could reduce the invasive potential of tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA methylation status is inversely correlated with green tea intake and physical activity in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Yuasa Yasuhito , Nagasaki Hiromi , Akiyama Yoshimitsu , Hashimoto Yutaka , Takizawa Touichirou , Kojima Kazuyuki , Kawano Tatsuyuki , Sugihara Kenichi , Imai Kazue , Nakachi Kei 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEpigenetic silencing of genes by aberrant DNA methylation is recognized as a crucial component of the mechanism underlying tumorigenesis. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and the past lifestyle in cancer patients remains largely unknown. We examined the methylation statuses of 6 tumor‐related genes, CDX2 (homeobox transcription factor), BMP‐2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2), p16 (INK4A), CACNA2D3 (calcium channel‐related), GATA‐5 (transcription factor) and ER (estrogen receptor), in 106 primary gastric carcinomas by methylation‐specific PCR and compared them with the past lifestyles of the patients. The methylation frequencies of the genes were 23.6, 21.7, 9.4, 32.4, 40.8 and 59.1%, respectively. Significant association was found between a decreased intake of green tea and methylation of CDX2 and BMP‐2. More physical activity was correlated with a lower methylation frequency of CACNA2D3. Of these 6 genes, the methylation statuses of CDX2, BMP‐2 and p16 revealed a significant interrelationship and those of CACNA2D3, GATA‐5 and ER did likewise. Thus, some epidemiological factors, such as green tea intake, could be important as to determination of the methylation statuses of selected genes and may influence the development of cancer, including that of the stomach. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modulated release of OP‐1 and enhanced preosteoblast differentiation using a core‐shell nanoparticulate system
Authors: Haidar Ziyad S. , Azari Fereshteh , Hamdy Reggie C. , Tabrizian Maryam 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA release‐controlled OP‐1 delivery system consisting of a suspension of core‐shell nanoparticles was prepared. The nanoparticles were composed of a core of positively‐charged large unilamellar liposomes and a shell constructed through the L‐b‐L assembly of alternating layers of negatively‐charged sodium alginate and positively‐charged chitosan. Cytotoxicity was assayed with MC3T3‐E1.4 mouse preosteoblast cells and cell viability was determined by colorimetry (CellQuanti‐MTT™ kit). The system was loaded with a range of OP‐1 concentrations and the release profiles were obtained and fitted into the Higuchi model to determine release kinetics. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of preosteoblasts was evaluated using a micro‐BCA assay. The resulting monodisperse and nontoxic spherical nanoparticles exhibited high physical stability in simulated physiological media as well as an extended shelf‐life allowing for immediate protein loading before future administration. ALP activity increased over time with the OP‐1 loaded delivery system when compared with control, protein alone, and nanoparticles alone (p < 0.05). The system offers copious compartments for protein entrapment including the aqueous core and within the polyelectrolyte layers in the shell and demonstrates a sustained triphasic linear release of OP‐1 over a prolonged period of 45 days, in vitro. This system offers a great advantage for optimum growth factor performance when applied in different anatomical sites of varying defect sizes and vascularity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
The behavior of mesenchymal stem cells on micropatterned PLLA membranes
Authors: Lee I‐Chi , Lee Yu‐Tsang , Yu Bo‐Yi , Lai Juin‐Yih , Young Tai‐Horng 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the behaviors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on Poly(L‐Lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes with different surface topographies. The double‐sided micropatterns, island‐patterned, and sunken‐patterned PLLA membranes with diameters of 60 and 100 μm, were fabricated by the soft lithography method. The cell viability of MSCs on the island‐ and sunken‐patterned PLLA membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), MTT assay, and flow cytometric analysis. Cell adhesion and proliferation capability were superior for the MSCs seeding on the island‐patterned PLLA membranes than those on the sunken‐patterned PLLA membranes. Especially, we observed the best biocompatibility for MSCs on the island‐patterned surface with diameter of 100 μm. In addition, the improvement of cell attachment and augmenting subsequent cellular response are investigated after the island‐patterned membranes precoating with collagen and fibronectin. Furthermore, the flow cytometric analysis reveals the MSCs can expand and maintain the phenotype on these PLLA membranes without losing its potential for differentiation. Since scale‐up of cell production and optimization of culture conditions are important for stem cell engineering, to control the stem cell proliferation and differentiation is necessary. Therefore, besides topographical properties play a crucial role on the stem cells attachment and proliferative activity, it is suggested that the “relative scale” between cell and pattern also affects the cell adhesion morphologies and cell behaviors. Based on the overall cellular response, this study provides a valuable guidance to prepare appropriate topographic surface for tissue engineering application. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on poly(ethylene glycol)‐variant biomaterials
Authors: Briggs Tonye , Treiser Matthew D. , Holmes Paul F. , Kohn Joachim , Moghe Prabhas V. , Arinzeh Treena Livingston 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), on tyrosine‐derived polycarbonates copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to determine their potential as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications. The addition of PEG in the backbone of polycarbonates has been shown to alter mechanical properties, degradation rates, degree of protein adsorption, and subsequent cell adhesion and motility in mature cell phenotypes. Its effect on MSC behavior is unknown. MSC morphology, motility, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated on polycarbonates containing 0–5% PEG over a 14 day culture. MSCs on polycarbonates containing 0% or 3% PEG content upregulated the expression of osteogenic markers as demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin expression although at different stages in the 14 day culture. Cells on polycarbonates containing no PEG were characterized as having early onset of cell spreading and osteogenic differentiation. Cells on 3% PEG surfaces were delayed in cell spreading and osteogenic differentiation, but had the highest motility as compared with cells on substrates containing no PEG and substrates containing 5% PEG at early time points. Throughout the culture, cells on polycarbonates containing 5% PEG had the lowest levels of osteogenic markers, displayed poor cell‐substrate adhesion, and established cell‐cell aggregates. Thus, designing substrates with minute variations in PEG may serve as a tool to guide MSC adhesion and motility accompanying osteogenic differentiation, and may be beneficial for abundant bone tissue formation in vivo. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Biomimetic control of vascular smooth muscle cell morphology and phenotype for functional tissue‐engineered small‐diameter blood vessels
Authors: Chan‐Park Mary B. , Shen Jin Ye , Cao Ye , Xiong Yun , Liu Yunxiao , Rayatpisheh Shahrzad , Kang Gavin Chun‐Wei , Greisler Howard P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSmall‐diameter blood vessel substitutes are urgently needed for patients requiring replacements of their coronary and below‐the‐knee vessels and for better arteriovenous dialysis shunts. Circulatory diseases, especially those arising from atherosclerosis, are the predominant cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Current therapies include the use of autologous vessels or synthetic materials as vessel replacements. The limited availability of healthy vessels for use as bypass grafts and the failure of purely synthetic materials in small‐diameter sites necessitate the development of a biological substitute. Tissue engineering is such an approach and has achieved promising results, but reconstruction of a functional vascular tunica media, with circumferentially oriented contractile smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and extracellular matrix, appropriate mechanical properties, and vasoactivity has yet to be demonstrated. This review focuses on strategies to effect the switch of SMC phenotype from synthetic to contractile, which is regarded as crucial for the engineering of a functional vascular media. The synthetic SMC phenotype is desired initially for cell proliferation and tissue remodeling, but the contractile phenotype is then necessary for sufficient vasoactivity and inhibition of neointima formation. The factors governing the switch to a more contractile phenotype with in vitro culture are reviewed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Transcriptional up‐regulation of FoxM1 in response to hypoxia is mediated by HIF‐1
Authors: Xia Li‐Min , Huang Wen‐Jie , Wang Bo , Liu Mei , Zhang Qiong , Yan Wei , Zhu Qian , Luo Min , Zhou Zhen‐Zhen , Tian De‐An 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe proliferation‐specific Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor is overexpressed in cancer cells and acts as an important regulator of cancer cell growth and survival. Here, we show the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia regulate FoxM1 expression in cancer cells. When cells were subjected to hypoxia (1% O2), the mRNA and protein levels of FoxM1 had a significant increase in cancer cells (HepG2, MCF‐7, and HeLa). Such increase was due to the direct binding of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) to the HIF‐1 binding sites in the FoxM1 promoter. By deletion and mutation assays, we demonstrated that the HIF1‐1 and HIF1‐3/4 binding sites on the FoxM1 promoter were essential for transcriptional activation of FoxM1 by hypoxia. We also demonstrated that HIF‐1α directly bound to the promoter of FoxM1 and the binding was specific, as revealed by HIF‐1 binding/competition assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Consequently, the up‐regulation of FoxM1 accelerated the growth of hypoxic cancer cells by decreasing nuclear levels of p21 and increasing expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1. These findings provide a new insight into how tumor cells overcome hypoxic stress and survive, and also disclose a new regulatory mechanism of FoxM1 expression in tumor cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 247–256, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.