bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientation and self‐calibration of ALOS PRISM imagery
Authors: Kocaman Sultan , Gruen Armin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHigh‐resolution satellite images (HRSI) at sub‐5 m footprint are becoming increasingly available. A set of algorithms for processing of HRSI has been developed at the Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry (IGP), ETH Zurich and realised in a software suite called Satellite Image Precision Processing (SAT‐PP). The software has been used for the processing of a number of high resolution satellite sensors, such as IKONOS, QuickBird, SPOT 5 HRS/HRG, Cartosat‐1 and ALOS PRISM. PRISM is a panchromatic radiometer carried on board the Japanese ALOS satellite. It has three optical systems for forward, nadir and backward view with 2·5 m ground sample distance (GSD). The photogrammetric processing of PRISM imagery has special requirements owing to the linear array CCD sensor structure and special characteristics of the interior geometry and exterior orientation. As a member of the ALOS calibration/validation team, new algorithms for geometric processing of the PRISM images have been implemented at the IGP, in particular for the interior orientation and self‐calibration. The physical sensor model in SAT‐PP is refined according to the multiple camera heads of the sensor. The rigorous model for PRISM is based on a modified bundle adjustment with the possibility of using two different trajectory models. The self‐calibration is introduced into the adjustment to model the systematic errors of the sensor and the system as a whole. The methods of georeferencing and digital surface model (DSM) generation were tested using the PRISM data‐sets acquired over five different testfields. The rigorous sensor model performed well and resulted in sub‐pixel accuracy for point positioning in all testfields. The self‐calibration model has been tested in two different phases of the project separately. In the initial phase, where interior orientation data was not available, the use of the self‐calibration was essential to achieve good accuracy. However, in the later phase the relative positions of the CCD chip detectors on the focal plane were provided by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the improvements by self‐calibration became less significant. A detailed analysis of the DSM generation is presented in another publication.
Functional Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Nonmalignant Pain on Long‐Term Opioid Therapy
Authors: Soin Amol , Cheng Jianguo , Brown Lora , Moufawad Sami , Mekhail Nagy 
Published: September 2008

▪ Abstract  Objectives:  Although long‐term opioid therapy for chronic nonmalignant pain (CNMP) is widely accepted, it is controversial as to whether long‐term benefits outweigh detrimental side effects. This study examines the effect of long‐term opioid therapy on quality of life in terms of both physical and mental health in patients with CNMP.Methods:  We retrospectively studied a cohort of patients with CNMP. With informed consent, data were collected prior to and at 6–36 months after the institution of opioid therapy in 67 patients with CNMP. The Short Form 36 (SF‐36) health survey was used to compare self‐reported measures of health‐related quality of life in nine subscales. Visual analog scale (VAS) for pain intensity scores, disability status, and ability to return to work were also assessed. The pre‐ and post‐therapy parameters were compared.Results:  The average scores of self‐reported quality of life improved significantly in eight out of the nine parameters in the SF‐36 after at least 6 months of opioid therapy. The increase in reported scores was statistically significant for physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, general health, validity, social functioning, emotional role, and mental health. No significant changes were observed in reported health transition, VAS pain scores, disability status, or return to work.Conclusions:  We conclude that judicious use of opioid therapy may lead to improvement in perceived quality of life and certain aspects of functional capacity and daily activities in a highly selected group of patients with CNMP who have not responded to other therapeutic modalities for over 6 months. ▪
Spatio‐temporal population sampling of a fire ant parasitoid
Authors: Henne Donald C. , Hilbun William S. , Johnson Seth J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe spatial and temporal population structure of Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae), an introduced parasitoid of the invasive red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), was investigated at three locations in Louisiana, USA, during the fall of 2005. Georeferenced disturbed fire ant mounds that attracted adult P. tricuspis were analyzed using Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs to model the population structure of this parasitoid on a local spatial scale, and relate spatial abundance to host colony social form and infection with the fire ant pathogen, Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen and Hazard (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae). Spatial associations between P. tricuspis counts and host S. invicta colonies infected with T. solenopsae were not detected. Overall, spatio‐temporal count patterns of P. tricuspis were largely random. However, high P. tricuspis counts were significantly associated with areas of polygyne host colonies. Occasional aggregations of P. tricuspis populations into discrete spatial patches and gaps were also found. The implications of this study are that population surveys of P. tricuspis should be conducted in several areas at a location to account for local patchiness in fly populations and/or varying densities and social form of host ant colonies.
The relationship between personal breastfeeding experience and the breastfeeding attitudes, knowledge, confidence and effectiveness of Australian GP registrars
Authors: Brodribb Wendy , Fallon Anthony , Jackson Claire , Hegney Desley 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn conjunction with other health professionals, doctors believe they play an important role in promoting breastfeeding to women. Although many have positive breastfeeding attitudes, significant knowledge deficits often limit their capacity to effectively encourage, support and assist breastfeeding women and their infants. Personal breastfeeding experience (of self or partner) may be the main source of breastfeeding knowledge and skill development and is related to improved knowledge, more positive attitudes and greater confidence. This paper describes the relationship between the cumulative length of personal breastfeeding experience and the breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes of a cohort of Australian general practice (GP) registrars, as well as their confidence and perceived effectiveness assisting breastfeeding women. The Australian Breastfeeding Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire containing demographic items, a 20‐item attitude scale and a 40‐item knowledge scale was distributed between February and May 2007 to Australian GP registrars in their final year of training. Participants with more than 52‐week cumulative personal (self or partner) breastfeeding experience had the highest mean knowledge score, had more positive attitudes, and were more confident and effective than all other participants. Parents with limited personal experience (≤26 weeks) had the poorest breastfeeding attitudes and their knowledge base was similar to participants with no personal experience. Confidence and perceived effectiveness when assisting breastfeeding women rose with increasing cumulative breastfeeding experience. Personal breastfeeding experience per se does not guarantee better breastfeeding knowledge or attitudes although increasing length of experience is related to higher knowledge, attitude, confidence and perceived effectiveness scores.
Perceived parenting behaviours predict young adolescents' nutritional intake and body fatness
Authors: Kim Mi‐Jeong , McIntosh William A. , Anding Jenna , Kubena Karen S. , Reed Debra B. , Moon Gap‐Soon 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study investigated whether perceptions of parenting behaviours predict young adolescents' nutritional intake and body fatness. The randomly selected study sample consisted of 106 13–15 years olds from Houston Metropolitan Statistical Area. Parenting style variables were created by cluster analysis and factor analysis. A two‐cluster solution for both maternal and paternal parenting style represented authoritative vs. non‐authoritative parenting. Two parenting dimension factors derived were maternal/paternal nurturing and control. For adolescents' energy and nutrient intake, greater maternal nurturing appeared to be most beneficial given its association with lower consumption of total kilocalorie and lower saturated fat intake. Paternal nurturing was associated with lower sodium intake, whereas paternal control predicted lower percentage of kilocalories from carbohydrate and percentage Dietary Reference Intake for dietary fibre, and greater percentage of kilocalories from total fat. Maternal authoritative parenting and lower maternal control over their adolescents may have protective effects against having heavier and fatter adolescents given their associations with adolescents' body weight, sub‐scapular skinfold, waist circumference, body mass index, and the tendencies of being at risk of overweight and being overweight. None of paternal parenting styles or dimensions appeared to be significantly related to adolescents' body fatness.
Percent body fat, skinfold thickness or body mass index for defining obesity or overweight, as a risk factor for asthma in schoolchildren: which one to use in epidemiological studies?
Authors: Garcia‐Marcos Luis , Valverde‐Molina Jose , Castaños Ortega Maria L. , Sanchez‐Solis Manuel , Martinez‐Torres Antonia E. , Castro‐Rodríguez Jose A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNone of the epidemiological studies indicating that obesity is a risk factor for asthma in schoolchildren have used the percent body fat (PBF) to define obesity. The present study compares the definition of obesity using body mass index (BMI), PBF and the raw sum of the thickness of four skinfolds (SFT) to evaluate this condition as a risk factor for asthma. All classes of children of the target ages of 6–8 years of all schools in four municipalities of Murcia (Spain) were surveyed. Participation rate was 70.2% and the number of children included in the study was 931. Height, weight and SFT (biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac) were measured according to standard procedures. Current active asthma was defined from several questions of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Obesity was defined using two standard cut‐off points for BMI and PBF, and the 85th percentile for BMI, PBF and SFT. The highest quartile of each type of measurement was also compared with the lowest. A multiple logistic regression analysis was made for the various obesity definitions, adjusting for age, asthma in the mother and father and gender. The adjusted odds ratios of having asthma among obese children were different for boys and girls and varied across the different obesity definitions. For the standard cut‐off points of BMI they were 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–3.43] for girls and 2.00 (95% CI 0.97–4.10) for boys; however, for PBF (boys 25%, girls 30%) the corresponding figures were 1.54 (95% CI 0.63–3.73) and 1.20 (95% CI 0.66–2.21). BMI, PBF and SFT showed more consistency between each other when using the other cut‐off points. BMI, PBF (except standard cut‐off points) and SFT produce relatively comparable results when analysing the interaction between obesity and asthma.
Effectiveness of a community‐based responsive feeding programme in rural Bangladesh: a cluster randomized field trial
Authors: Aboud Frances E. , Moore Anna C. , Akhter Sadika 
Published: September 2008

AbstractResponsive complementary feeding, whereby the mother feeds her child in response to child cues of hunger state and psychomotor abilities, is a problem in some countries, and likely contributes to malnutrition. Interventions are needed to evaluate whether promoting responsive feeding would add any benefit. Using a cluster randomized field trial, we evaluated a six‐session educational programme that emphasized practice of two key behaviours, namely child self‐feeding and maternal responsiveness. One hundred mothers and their 12‐ to 24‐month‐olds attended the sessions as part of village clusters randomly assigned to the intervention group. A similar number of controls received sessions on foods to feed and nutritional disorders. Outcomes assessed at pre‐test, 2‐week post‐intervention and again 5‐months post‐intervention included weight, mouthfuls of food taken, self‐feeding and maternal responsiveness. Research assistants, blind to group assignment, observed and coded mother and child behaviours during the midday meal. Secondary measures included foods fed and feeding messages recalled. Analysis was based on intention to treat and accounted for clustering. Only 10% of each group was lost to follow‐up. Weight (d = 0.28), weight gain (d = 0.48) and child self‐feeding (d = 0.30) were significantly higher in the responsive feeding group. Mouthfuls of food eaten and maternal responsiveness were not significantly increased by the intervention. Mothers in the intervention gave their children more vegetables, and spontaneously recalled more feeding messages at the 5‐month follow‐up. These results provide evidence that self‐feeding and weight gain can improve by targeting specific behaviours, while maternal responsiveness may require more intensive strategies.
Infants admitted to neonatal units – interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review 1990–2007
Authors: McInnes Rhona J. , Chambers Julie 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis review aimed to identify interventions to promote breastfeeding or breast milk feeding for infants admitted to the neonatal unit.The medical electronic databases were searched for papers listed between 1990 and June 2005 which had breastfeeding or breast milk as an outcome and which targeted infants who had been admitted to a neonatal unit, thus including the infant and/or their parents and/or neonatal unit staff. Only papers culturally relevant to the UK were included resulting in studies from the USA, Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. This search was updated in December 2007 to include publications up to this date.We assessed 86 papers in full, of which 27 ultimately fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The studies employed a range of methods and targeted different aspects of breastfeeding in the neonatal unit. Variations in study type and outcomes meant that there was no clear message of what works best but skin‐to‐skin contact and additional postnatal support seemed to offer greater advantage for the infant in terms of breastfeeding outcome. Galactogogues for mothers who are unable to meet their infants’ needs may also help to increase milk supply. Evidence of an effect from other practices, such as cup‐feeding on breastfeeding was limited; mainly because of a lack of research but also because few studies followed up the population beyond discharge from the unit.Further research is required to explore the barriers to breastfeeding in this vulnerable population and to identify appropriate interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes.
Recruiting a Diverse Group of Middle School Girls Into the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls
Authors: Elder John P. , Shuler LaVerne , Moe Stacey G. , Grieser Mira , Pratt Charlotte , Cameron Sandra , Hingle Melanie , Pickrel Julie L. , Saksvig Brit I. , Schachter Kenneth , Greer Susan , Guth Bothwell Elizabeth K. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  School‐based study recruitment efforts are both time consuming and challenging. This paper highlights the recruitment strategies employed by the national, multisite Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), a study designed to measure the effectiveness of an intervention to reduce the decline of physical activity levels among middle school–aged girls. TAAG provided a unique opportunity to recruit large cohorts of randomly sampled girls within 36 diverse middle schools across the United States.Methods:  Key elements of the formative planning, coordination, and design of TAAG’s recruitment efforts included flexibility, tailoring, and the use of incentives. Various barriers, including a natural disaster, political tension, and district regulations, were encountered throughout the recruitment process, but coordinated strategies and frequent communication between the 6 TAAG sites were helpful in tailoring the recruitment process at the 36 intervention and control schools.Results:  Progressively refined recruitment strategies and specific attention to the target audience of middle school girls resulted in overall study recruitment rates of 80%, 85%, and 89%, for the baseline, posttest, and follow‐up period, respectively.Discussion:  The steady increase in recruitment rates over time is attributed to an emphasis on successful strategies and a willingness to modify less successful methods. Open and consistent communication, an increasingly coordinated recruitment strategy, interactive recruitment presentations, and participant incentives resulted in an effective recruitment campaign.
Schools and Neighborhoods: Organizational and Environmental Factors Associated With Crime in Secondary Schools*
Authors: Limbos Mary Ann P. , Casteel Carri 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  While crime and violence in schools are derived primarily from factors external to schools, violent behavior may also be aggravated by factors in the school environment, including the physical environment, its educational and social climate, and its organizational capacity and composition. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the school’s organizational and educational environment on crime rates in secondary schools and to examine how neighborhood factors influence these relationships.Methods:  School and neighborhood crime rates for 95 middle (MS) and high (HS) schools were calculated using data from the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) Police Department and Los Angeles Police Department, respectively. School‐level organizational and educational variables, including the academic performance index (API), were obtained from the California Department of Education. A measure of neighborhood dilapidation was created using variables collected on a neighborhood environmental survey. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between organizational and educational school variables and school crime rates. Community crime and dilapidation were added to the model to examine the influence of the school‐community context relationships.Results:  HS had higher crime rates than MS. As the percentage of certified teachers and student to staff ratios increased, school crime decreased (p < .01). An API of below basic performance was significantly associated with increasing school crime rates (p < .05). Neighborhood crime was not significantly associated with school crime, although dilapidation was positively and significantly associated with school crime even after controlling for community crime (p < .05).Conclusions:  Both school‐ and neighborhood‐level factors were associated with increasing crime rates in secondary schools. School violence prevention efforts should include school and community partnerships to address these potentially modifiable factors.
High School Youth and Suicide Risk: Exploring Protection Afforded Through Physical Activity and Sport Participation
Authors: Taliaferro Lindsay A. , Rienzo Barbara A. , Miller M. David , Pigg R. Morgan , Dodd Virginia J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:  Suicide ranks as the third leading cause of death for adolescents. Recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that the adolescent suicide rate increased 18% between 2003 and 2004. Sport may represent a promising protective factor against adolescent suicide. This study examined the relative risk of hopelessness and suicidality associated with physical activity and sport participation.Methods:  Data from the CDC’s 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey were analyzed. Logistic regression modeling was used to compare the odds of hopelessness and suicidality in students who engaged in various levels of physical activity to inactive students. Similar analyses were performed comparing risks of athletes to nonathletes, and the risks of highly involved athletes to nonathletes.Results:  Findings showed that frequent, vigorous activity reduced the risk of hopelessness and suicidality among male adolescents. However, low levels of activity actually increased the risk of feeling hopeless among young females. Yet, for both males and females, sport participation protected against hopelessness and suicidality.Conclusion:  These findings indicate that involvement in sport confers unique psychosocial benefits that protect adolescents against suicidality. Findings suggest that mechanisms other than physical activity contribute to the protective association between sport and reduced suicidality. Social support and integration may account for some of the differences found in suicidality between athletes and nonathletes.
Violence and Drug Use in Rural Teens: National Prevalence Estimates From the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Authors: Johnson Andrew O. , Mink Michael D. , Harun Nusrat , Moore Charity G. , Martin Amy B. , Bennett Kevin J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjectives:  The purpose of this study was to compare national estimates of drug use and exposure to violence between rural and urban teens.Methods:  Twenty‐eight dependent variables from the 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used to compare violent activities, victimization, suicidal behavior, tobacco use, alcohol use, and illegal drug use across rural, urban, and suburban teens across the country.Results:  Overall, rural teens were equally or more likely than both suburban and urban teens to report experiencing many measures of violent behavior, victimization, suicide behaviors, and drug use. Among all teens, nonwhites reported equal or higher rates of violent behavior and victimization than whites, but these associations disappeared within the rural‐only population.Conclusions:  Rural areas do not appear to provide a strongly protective effect against risk behaviors in teens and may be a risk factor in itself. Community prevention efforts should focus on reaching rural areas and segmenting program content based on need. Where white teens might benefit from an emphasis on preventing tobacco and alcohol use, nonwhite teens would benefit from an emphasis on preventing violence and victimization.