bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High incidence of second basal cell skin cancers
Authors: Levi Fabio , Randimbison Lalao , Maspoli Manuela , Te Van‐Cong , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe considered the risk of second basal cell cancers (BCC) of the skin using a population‐based series of 1,868 BCC collected between 1976 and 1985 in the Swiss Cantons of Vaud and Neuchâtel, and followed‐up to the end of 2003. Overall, 507 second BCC were observed versus 59.98 expected, corresponding to a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 8.45 (95% CI: 7.73–9.22). The SIRs were similar in men and women in subsequent calendar periods, but tended to decline with advancing age at diagnosis of first BCC, from 13.98 below age 50 to 7.13 at age 70 or over. Consequently, the rate of first BCC increased to ˜30‐fold between 7/100,000 at age 30–39 and 200/100,000 at age 70–79, but the rate of second BCC increased only about 3‐fold between 31/1,000 at age 30–39 and 110/1,000 at age 70–79. The cumulative risk of second BCC was 11% at 5 years, 21% at 10 years and 40% at 20 years. This study indicates that the relative (but not the absolute) risk of second BCC is greater at younger age and declines with advancing age, and is therefore compatible with an excess baseline risk in a population of susceptible individuals. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring the sensorial and microbiological quality of pasteurized white asparagus at different storage temperatures
Authors: Valero A , Carrasco E , Pérez‐Rodríguez F , García‐Gimeno RM , Blanco C , Zurera G 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChanges in sensory quality and proliferation of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in pasteurized white asparagus were measured as a function of storage temperature. The main sensorial attributes studied with regard to storage time were the general appearance of the product, turgidity and package swelling. There was a significant correlation between the deterioration in sensorial quality and microbial evolution, which was even more marked at higher temperatures. After 13 days at 4°C, 6 days at 10°C, 5 days at 20°C and 84 h at 30°C organoleptic deterioration and, consequently, the end of shelf life were detected. A significant growth of spoilage flora was observed, which might be responsible for the drop in pH levels during the final period of analysis (from 6.3 to 3.5–4 until 148 h). There was greater lactic acid bacteria (LAB) growth as the temperature and CO2 concentration increased, reaching a final concentration of approximately 108 CFU g−1 at all temperatures. We found no positive samples of Clostridium spp at 10 and 4°C. Among the species isolated at 20–30°C Clostridium septicum and in lower proportions Clostridium perfringens were encountered. The possible presence of Listeria monocytogenes was analyzed, but there were no positive samples in the final product. Pasteurized white asparagus maintains good organoleptic characteristics with a relatively long shelf‐life at low temperatures, which leads to an adequate acceptance among consumers. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Static and Fatigue Properties of the Cold and Warm Compacted Sintered Aluminium Alloy Alumix 431 (Al‐5.5 Zn‐2.5 Mg‐1.5 Cu)
Authors: Eksi A. K. , Lipp K. , Sonsino C.M. , Veltl G. , Petzoldt F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this work, the densification behaviour, sintering characteristics, hardness, strength, tensile and fatigue properties of the Alumix 431 alloy (Al, Zn, Mg and Cu alloy) produced using the conventional press and sinter process in different pressures and temperatures are investigated. For this purpose, specimens were produced under pressures between 300 and 500 MPa at 50 MPa intervals at room temperature (RT), and 80 °C in the first step. In the second step, specimens were produced at the compaction pressure of 230 MPa under RT and 180 MPa with 80 °C for tensile and fatigue testing which provided same densities. Specimens were sintered under five different sintering conditions. The dimensional change in warm compacted samples is lower than that of cold compacted samples. Tensile and fatigue properties of warm (180 MPa pressure) and cold (230 MPa pressure) compacted specimens are almost equal due to the same densities.
Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der Biegebruchfestigkeit gebundener Schleifmittel
Authors: Kammler M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNeben den Prozesseigenschaften ist insbesondere die Sicherheit von Schleifscheiben gegen Fliehkraftbruch von besonderem Interesse. Die rechnerische Ermittlung der Bruchumfangsgeschwindigkeit von Schleifscheiben anhand der experimentell ermittelten Biegebruchspannung bereitet jedoch Schwierigkeiten, da die ermittelten Ergebnisse zum Teil beträchtlich höher ausfallen als gemessene Werte. Dieses ist auf eine fehlerhafte Bestimmung der Biegebruchspannung nach BGG 931 zurück zu führen. Durch die Berücksichtigung des im Biegeversuch vorliegenden zweiachsigen Spannungszustandes im Bereich der Lasteinleitung wurde ein Ansatz entwickelt, der es ermöglicht die Biegebruchspannung präziser zu bestimmen.
Bauteiloberfläche und Schwingfestigkeit – Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Randschicht auf die Dauerschwingfestigkeit von Bauteilen aus Stahl
Authors: Kleemann U. , Zenner H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDie Berechnung der Schwingfestigkeit hat in den letzten Jahren für die Bauteilentwicklung an Bedeutung gewonnen. Aus Zeit‐ und Kostengründen wird angestrebt, den experimentellen Festigkeitsnachweis auf die Freigabe von Sicherheitsteilen zu beschränken. Die Schwingfestigkeit von glatten, polierten Werkstoffproben (Spannungs‐ und Dehnungswöhlerlinie) kann heute mit guter Treffsicherheit abgeschätzt bzw. entsprechenden Katalogen entnommen werden. Die Übertragbarkeit der Schwingfestigkeit von Werkstoffproben auf reale Bauteile ist jedoch mit erheblichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden, da eine Reihe von Einflussgrößen zu berücksichtigen sind wie Geometrie und Größe, Mittelspannung, Beanspruchungsart, Mehrachsigkeit, Randschicht (Oberflächentopographie, Eigenspannungen, Gefüge, Härte), Temperatur, korrosive Medien u. a.. Der Einfluss dieser Größen ist komplex und lässt sich nur sehr grob durch eine Multiplikation von Einflussfaktoren beschreiben. Der heutige Stand im Technischen Regelwerk zum Oberflächeneinfluss, z. B. FKM‐Richtlinie „Rechnerischer Festigkeitsnachweis für Maschinenbauteile”︁, basiert auf einem Kenntnisstand, der 50 Jahre zurückliegt.Der Ausgang für das Forschungsvorhaben war die Forderung der Industrie nach einer verbesserten rechnerischen Erfassung des Einflusses der Oberflächenbearbeitung bei Zerspanung. Hierzu wurde auf einen Vorschlag von Liu zurückgegriffen, der die Oberflächentopographie neben der Rauheit durch eine Oberflächenformzahl kennzeichnet. Zur Erfassung des Werkstoffes wird eine charakteristische Strukturlänge eingeführt, die sich aus der Werkstoffwechselfestigkeit und dem Schwellenwert für makroskopischen Rissfortschritt berechnet. Weiterhin wurde überprüft, welche Festigkeitshypothesen in der Lage sind, den biaxialen Eigenspannungszustand an der zerspanten Oberfläche realistisch zu erfassen.Damit kann ein Konzept vorgeschlagen werden, mit dem die Dauerfestigkeit zutreffend berechnet werden kann, wenn die statische Festigkeit, die Oberflächentopographie und die Eigenspannungen bekannt sind. Zur Validierung werden Schwingversuche an drei Stählen und zwei Sphärogusslegierungen bei unterschiedlichen Randschichteigenschaften durchgeführt.
c‐Fos is required for TGFβ1 production and the associated paracrine migratory effects of human colon carcinoma cells
Authors: Liu Guangming , Ding Wei , Liu Xin , Mulder Kathleen M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn tumor cells that have lost responsiveness to the growth inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), increased TGFβ production by the tumor cells often contributes to cancer progression, primarily through paracrine mechanisms. Here we investigated the major components of the activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) complex in the TGFβ1 promoter of human colon carcinoma cells (HCCCs). In contrast to untransformed epithelial cells (UECs), HCCCs displayed constitutive activation of AP‐1 at the proximal AP‐1 site in the human TGFβ1 promoter. Further, in contrast to the JunD and Fra‐2 components present in the AP‐1 complex at this AP‐1 site in UECs, c‐Fos was the major detectable AP‐1 component in HCCCs. Thus, transcriptional factor switching had occurred in HCCCs relative to the UECs, with regard to the proximal AP‐1 site of the human TGFβ1 promoter. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against c‐Fos significantly suppressed AP‐1 activity at the relevant AP‐1 site, and led to a decrease in TGFβ1 secretion by the HCCCs. Our results indicate for the first time that c‐Fos binding at the TGFβ1 promoter proximal AP‐1 site in HCCCs is required for TGFβ1 production by the tumor cells. Further, we demonstrated that blockade of TGFβ1 secretion by c‐Fos siRNA led to a suppression of the cellular migration and mitogenesis of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts in a paracrine fashion. Thus, c‐Fos may have utility as a target for blocking tumor cell‐secreted TGFβ1, thereby suppressing the migratory behavior associated with the malignant phenotype of HCCCs. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dysregulation of the endothelial cellular response to oxidative stress in cancer
Authors: Houle François , Huot Jacques 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe traffic of molecules and cells across the vessel wall is gated by vascular endothelial cells. In accordance, these cells play an active role in regulating cardiovascular and systemic homeostasis and in modulating physiopathological processes such as inflammation. Dysfunction of the regulatory systems of the endothelium and its incapacity to efficiently deal with its physicochemical surrounding leads to disruption of endothelial integrity. For example, alterations of the selective endothelial cell permeability barrier are early events in the sequence of oxidative stress‐mediated injury that may contribute to extravasation of circulating cancer cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that the regulation of the endothelial barrier is tightly regulated by activation of signaling pathways that converge on the regulation of actin cytoskeletal dynamics. In particular, the integrity of the endothelial layer in response to oxidative stress is tightly regulated by the balanced activation of the extracellular‐signal regulated kinase (ERK) and the stress‐activated protein kinase‐2/p38 (SAPK2/p38) pathways. Activation of the SAPK2/p38 pathway is required to trigger actin polymerization, whereas activation of the ERK pathway by contributing to phosphorylate tropomyosin‐1 triggers the formation of focal adhesions allowing the anchorage of actin filaments generated by SAPK2/p38 to bundle into stress fibers. Dysregulation of this equilibrium by inhibiting ERK leads to membrane blebbing, an early manifestation of oxidative toxicity that is associated with disruption of the endothelial layer integrity. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzyminhibitoren in der Parkinson‐Therapie. Unterstützung der Therapie mit L‐DOPA
Authors: Gütschow Michael , Meusel Manuela 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDie Standardtherapie der Parkinson‐Krankheit besteht in der Gabe von L‐DOPA in Kombination mit einem Hemmstoff der peripheren DOPA‐Decarboxylase. Als weitere Enzyme können die Catechol‐O‐Methyltransferase und die Monoaminoxidase durch Wirkstoffe gehemmt werden, um die DOPA‐Therapie zu unterstützen. DieseTarget‐Enzyme und ihre Inhibitoren werden vorgestellt.
Treatment late effects in long‐term survivors of pediatric sarcoma
Authors: Mansky Patrick , Arai Andrew , Stratton Pamela , Bernstein Donna , Long Lauren , Reynolds James , Chen Donna , Steinberg Seth M. , Lavende Neil , Hoffman Karen , Nathan Paul C. , Parks Rebecca , Augustine Elizabeth , Chaudhry Usha , Derdak Joanne , Wiener Lori , Gerber Lynn , Mackall Crystal 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPurposeTo assess health and musculoskeletal function in survivors of pediatric sarcomas.Patients and MethodsThirty‐two individuals treated for Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), or non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NR‐STS) with multi‐modality therapy were enrolled on this cross‐sectional study. Median age at the time of therapy was 15.4 years (range 7.1–34.2), median age at the time of analysis was 37.4 years (17.5–55.4), and median duration of time elapsed from completion of therapy was 17.3 years (2.9–32.6). Participants underwent assessments of musculoskeletal functioning, cardiac function, metabolic and lipid analyses, renal and gonadal function, and psychological evaluation.ResultsThis cohort of sarcoma survivors shows expected locoregional limitations in function of the area affected by sarcoma, and impaired global musculoskeletal functioning as evidenced by limited endurance and limited overall activity levels. The cohort also demonstrated substantial rates of cardiac dysfunction, elevated body fat index, hyperlipidemia, chronic psychological distress, and infertility in men (76%) and premature menopause (49%) in women.ConclusionSarcoma survivors demonstrate diminished locoregional and global musculoskeletal functioning which likely limit occupational opportunities and socioeconomic health. In addition, the combination of diminished cardiac reserve, limited activity levels, and lipid dysregulation in sarcoma survivors suggests that this population is at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, even many years following completion of sarcoma therapy. Sarcoma survivors may benefit from life long follow‐up for cardiovascular disease and from occupational counseling upon completion of therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:192–199. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and comparison of the structure–property relationships of symmetric and asymmetric water‐soluble poly(p‐phenylene)s
Authors: Vetrichelvan Muthalagu , Hairong Li , Ravindranath Renu , Valiyaveettil Suresh 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSodium salts of water‐soluble polymers poly{[2,5‐bis(3‐sulfonatopropoxy)‐1,4‐phenylene]‐alt‐[2,5‐bis(hexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene]} (P1), poly{[2,5‐bis(3‐sulfonatopropoxy)‐1,4‐phenylene]‐alt‐[2,5‐bis(dodecyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene]} (P2), poly{[2,5‐bis(3‐sulfonatopropoxy)‐1,4‐phenylene]‐alt‐[2,5‐bis(dibenzyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene]} (P3), poly[2‐hexyloxy‐5‐(3‐sulfonatopropoxy)‐1,4‐phenylene] (P4), and poly[2‐dodecyloxy‐5‐(3‐sulfonatopropoxy)‐1,4‐phenylene] (P5)] were synthesized with Suzuki coupling reactions and fully characterized. The first group of polymers (P1–P3) with symmetric structures gave lower absorption maxima [maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) = 296–305 nm] and emission maxima [maximum emission wavelength (λem) = 361–398 nm] than asymmetric polymers P4 (λmax = 329 nm, λem = 399 nm) and P5 (λmax = 335 nm, λem = 401 nm). The aggregation properties of polymers P1–P5 in different solvent mixtures were investigated, and their influence on the optical properties was examined in detail. Dynamic light scattering studies of the aggregation behavior of polymer P1 in solvents indicated the presence of aggregated species of various sizes ranging from 80 to 800 nm. The presence of alkoxy groups and 3‐sulfonatopropoxy groups on adjacent phenylene rings along the polymer backbone of the first set hindered the optimization of nonpolar interactions. The alkyl chain crystallization on one side of the polymer chain and the polar interactions on the other side allowed the polymers (P4 and P5) to form a lamellar structure in the polymer lattice. Significant quenching of the polymer fluorescence upon the addition of positively charged viologen derivatives or cytochrome‐C was also observed. The quenching effect on the polymer fluorescence confirmed that the newly synthesized polymers could be used in the fabrication of biological and chemical sensors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3763–3777, 2006
Technical Note: Powder Production by Gas Atomization of Bioglass Melt
Authors: Huang Zanjun , Czisch Cevin , Schreckenberg Peter , Büllesfeld Frank , Fritsching Udo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBioglass melts are granulated by hot gas atomization techniques, where spherical powder and fiber type products are respectively available depending on different process parameters. Higher atomization gas temperatures induce higher powder fractions, while at ambient gas temperature fiber materials can be produced. The diameter of the as‐atomized fiber material decreases with increasing melt temperature. Particle size analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and optical observation of the atomized materials are performed. The melt disintegration mechanism and the particle shape and size dependency on process parameters are discussed.
Cofactor assisted gating mechanism in the active site of NADH oxidase from Thermus thermophilus
Authors: Hritz Jozef , Žoldák Gabriel , Sedlák Erik 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNADH oxidase (NOX) from Thermus thermophilus is a member of a structurally homologous flavoprotein family of nitroreductases and flavin reductases. The importance of local conformational dynamics in the active site of NOX has been recently demonstrated. The enzyme activity was increased by 250% in the presence of 1 M urea with no apparent perturbation of the native structure of the protein. The present in silico results correlate with the in vitro data and suggest the possible explanation about the effect of urea on NOX activity at the molecular level. Both, X‐ray structure and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, show open conformation of the active site represented by −f0.9 nm distance between the indole ring of Trp47 and the isoalloxazine ring of FMN412. In this conformation, the substrate molecule can bind in the active site without sterical restraints. MD simulations also indicate more stable conformation of the active site called “closed” conformation. In this conformation, Trp47 and the isoalloxazine ring of FMN412 are so close to each other (−f0.5 nm) that the substrate molecule is unable to bind between them without perturbing this conformation. The open/close transition of the active site between Trp47 and the flavin ring is accompanied by release of the “tightly” bound water molecule from the active site—cofactor assisted gating mechanism. The presence of urea in aqueous solutions of NOX prohibits closing of the active site and even unlocks the closed active site because of the concomitant binding of a urea molecule in the active site cavity. The binding of urea in the active site is stabilized by formation of one/two persistent hydrogen bonds involving the carbonyl group of the urea molecule. Our report represents the first MD study of an enzyme from the novel flavoprotein family of nitroreductases and flavin reductases. The common occurrence of aromatic residues covering the active sites in homologous enzymes suggests the possibility of a general gating mechanism and the importance of local dynamics within this flavoprotein family. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of calcineurin with mitochondrial proteins
Authors: Tokheim Abigail M. , Martin Bruce L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUsing mouse hearts from Swiss Webster mice, calcineurin was immunoprecipitated using commercially available anti‐calcineurin antibody and the resulting complex analyzed by using sodium dodecyl sulfate‐gel electrophoresis with silver staining. Distinct proteins were observed and subjected to in situ trypsin digestion followed by extraction of the resulting peptides. Peptides from each protein band were loaded onto a target for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and analyzed. The resulting peptide mass spectrum was compared with the Mascot and Protein Prospector databases and resulted in the specific identification of heart mitochondrial proteins, specifically Mn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD), aconitase (ACN), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). Each of the three mitochondrial enzymes was identified with approximately 15–25% sequence coverage and all with statistical significance (P < 0.05) according to the Mascot database search engine. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the peptide fragmentation spectra confirmed the identification of these protein partners and also yielded the identification of mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) as another protein in the immunoprecipitated complex. Using antibody preparations against Mn‐SOD, ACN, and ICDH showed the presence of calcineurin and each of the three proteins in the immunoprecipitated complex by Western slot blotting. The activity of ACN, but not MDH or ICDH, was enhanced after incubation with calcineurin indicating one possible regulatory function for the complex. The mitochondrial forms of Mn‐SOD, ACN, MDH, and ICDH were identified as partner proteins of calcineurin with all the proteins present in a single multiprotein complex. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Revisiting DIERS' two‐phase methodology for reactive systems twenty years later
Authors: Fauske Hans K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBuilding on the original DIERS methodology presented 20 years ago, an easy to use design methodology for reactive vapor, gassy, and hybrid systems has resulted that properly accounts for two‐phase flow effects. The methodology is shown to be consistent with available experimental and incident information and examples of bad and good design practices are provided for vapor, gassy, and hybrid systems. The latest methods for calculating the area of reliefs for vapor, gassy, and hybrid systems are given in this article. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
Rural population growth in Sweden in the 1990s: unexpected reality or spatial–statistical chimera?
Authors: Amcoff Jan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAlthough estimating rural population change at first glance seems simple, it in fact involves methodological difficulties and requires the accommodation of definitional ambiguities. This article addresses the matter of urban spillover in rural population development. Simply stated, ‘urban spillover’ here refers to how urban localities tend to push a ring of diffuse urban growth outwards as they expand in area. If constant delimitations of urban localities and rural areas are employed, their definitions will de facto change, and what is actually diffuse urban growth will be treated as rural. The effect of urban spillover in different methods of estimating rural population change are illustrated here using Swedish data, which are suitable for this purpose given their high spatial resolution. The data do not support the existence of any actual rural population growth in Sweden in the 1990s, apart from the effects of urban spillover. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do investors overreact to earnings warnings?
Authors: Tawatnuntachai Oranee , Yaman Devrim 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study shows that contrary to what many managers argue, there is no overreaction to earnings warnings. Our sample consists of 986 firms that had significantly lower fourth‐quarter earnings than analysts' forecasts during the period of 1983 to 1998. About 9% of these firms released quantitative earnings information while 6.5% of the firms disclosed qualitative earnings information prior to the formal earnings report dates. We find that although these firms experience significant stock price declines during the warning period, their share prices are still higher than the economic values, calculated using Ohlson's residual income model. Further, long‐run operating and stock performance of these firms are not more positive than the performance of firms that do not warn. We also find that investor reaction to both warning and non‐warning firms is positively related to the firms' long‐run stock and operating performance. These findings support the argument that investors do not overreact to the warnings but base their reaction on anticipated long‐term performance of the firms.