bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Well-Being Among Adversity-Exposed Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Raney Julia H. , Weinstein Shayna , Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B. , Pantell Matthew , Glidden David V. , Brindis Claire D. , Nagata Jason M. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceFurther research is needed to understand factors associated with well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).ObjectiveTo explore factors associated with improved mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents who have experienced ACEs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the baseline (2016-2018) and sixth (March 2021) COVID Rapid Response Research (RRR) surveys of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, which includes 21 sites across the US. Adolescents aged 11 to 15 years who completed the COVID RRR mental health measures were included. Data analyses were conducted from June to August 2023.ExposuresSchool-based factors (eg, in-person school) and 8 coping behaviors (eg, exercise).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were adolescent-reported positive affect (PA) and perceived stress (PS). Adolescents were stratified by no ACEs, low-to-intermediate ACEs (1-3), and high ACEs (≥4). Linear regressions estimated associations between factors and mental health, adjusting for potential confounders. Unstandardized beta coefficients (B) were compared with equality of coefficients tests.ResultsThe 4515 adolescents in this study (mean [SD] age, 13.3 [0.88] years; 51% [95% CI, 50% to 53%] female) were racially and ethnically diverse (American Indian/Alaska Native, 2% [95% CI, 2% to 3%]; Asian, 8% [95% CI, 7% to 9%]; Black, 11% [95% CI, 10% to 12%]; Latino or Hispanic, 17% [95% CI, 15% to 18%]; White, 61% [95% CI, 60% to 63%]; other, 1% [95% CI, 0% to 2%]). For youths with high ACEs, caring for one’s body (PA B = 4.02 [95% CI, 1.39 to 6.66]; PS B = −0.92 [95% CI, −1.84 to 0.00]), exercising (PA B = 3.19 [95% CI, 0.46 to 5.92]; PS B = −1.41 [95% CI, −2.40 to −0.43]), and engaging in healthy behaviors (PA B = 4.07 [95% CI, 1.28 to 6.84]; PS B = −1.01 [95% CI, −1.98 to −0.05]) were associated with higher PA and lower PS scores. In-person schooling had a greater impact on PA scores for youths with high ACEs (B = 5.55 [95% CI, 2.08 to 9.01]) than youths with low-to-intermediate ACEs (B = 1.27 [95% CI, 0.27 to 2.27]).Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that in-person schooling and several coping behaviors (caring for one’s body, exercising, and engaging in healthy behaviors) were associated with significantly higher PA and lower PS during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents with high ACEs. Adolescents with high ACEs demonstrated especially greater mental health scores when they reported in-person schooling. Future studies should build on these findings to identify clinical and school-based mental health protective factors for adolescents with high ACE risk.
Guidelines for Material Design in Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Forberich Karen , Troisi Alessandro , Liu Chao , Wagner Michael , Brabec Christoph J. , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) are uniquely suited for semitransparent applications due to their adjustable absorption spectrum. However, most high‐performance semitransparent cells reported to date are based on materials that have shown high power conversion efficiency for opaque devices. A model is therefore presented to assess the optimum efficiency and transparency for a specific donor and acceptor bandgap. The absorption characteristics of both donor and acceptor are modeled with spectral data of typical absorber materials from the literature which are adjusted to achieve the desired bandgap value. The results show three distinct regions of high light utilization efficiency (LUE) if the photopic curve is employed as a weighting function (corresponding to window applications), and a broad maximum for the plant action spectrum as a weighting function (corresponding to greenhouse applications). When comparing these findings to reported experimental values, it is evident that the bandgaps of the materials used for the experimental studies do not correspond to the maxima identified by the simulation model. The analysis of the energy levels of molecules recorded in the literature confirms that all bandgaps and therefore all LUE maxima are chemically feasible so that the performance of semitransparent OSCs can be further improved by designing materials with optimized absorption spectra.
Tailoring Perovskite Surface Potential and Chelation Advances Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Shao Wenlong , Wang Haibing , Fu Shiqiang , Ge Yansong , Guan Hongling , Wang Chen , Wang Cheng , Wang Ti , Ke Weijun , Fang Guojia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractModifying perovskite surface using various organic ammonium halide cations has proven to be an effective approach for enhancing the overall performance of perovskite solar cells. Nevertheless, the impact of the structural symmetry of these ammonium halide cations on perovskite interface termination has remained uncertain. Here, this work investigates the influence of symmetry on the performance of the devices, using molecules based on symmetrical bis(2‐chloroethyl)ammonium cation (B(CE)A+) and asymmetrical 2‐chloroethylammonium cation (CEA+) as interface layers between the perovskite and hole transport layer. These results reveal that the symmetrical B(CE)A+ cations lead to a more homogeneous surface potential and more comprehensive chelation with uncoordinated Pb2+ compared to the asymmetrical cations, resulting in a more favorable energy band alignment and strengthened defect healing. This strategy, leveraging the spatial geometrical symmetry of the interface cations, promotes hole carrier extraction between functional layers and reduces nonradiative recombination on the perovskite surface. Consequently, perovskite solar cells processed with the symmetrical B(CE)A+ cations achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.60% and retain ≈91% of their initial PCE after 500 h of maximum power point operation. This work highlights the significant benefits of utilizing structurally symmetrical cations in promoting the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Giant Tunability of Rashba Splitting at Cation‐Exchanged Polar Oxide Interfaces by Selective Orbital Hybridization
Authors: Xu Hao , Li Hang , Gauquelin Nicolas , Chen Xuejiao , Wu Wen‐Feng , Zhao Yuchen , Si Liang , Tian Di , Li Lei , Gan Yulin , Qi Shaojin , Li Minghang , Hu Fengxia , Sun Jirong , Jannis Daen , Yu Pu , Chen Gang , Zhong Zhicheng , Radovic Milan , Verbeeck Johan , Chen Yunzhong , Shen Baogen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe 2D electron gas (2DEG) at oxide interfaces exhibits extraordinary properties, such as 2D superconductivity and ferromagnetism, coupled to strongly correlated electrons in narrow d‐bands. In particular, 2DEGs in KTaO3 (KTO) with 5d t2g orbitals exhibit larger atomic spin‐orbit coupling and crystal‐facet‐dependent superconductivity absent for 3d 2DEGs in SrTiO3 (STO). Herein, by tracing the interfacial chemistry, weak anti‐localization magneto‐transport behavior, and electronic structures of (001), (110), and (111) KTO 2DEGs, unambiguously cation exchange across KTO interfaces is discovered. Therefore, the origin of the 2DEGs at KTO‐based interfaces is dramatically different from the electronic reconstruction observed at STO interfaces. More importantly, as the interface polarization grows with the higher order planes in the KTO case, the Rashba spin splitting becomes maximal for the superconducting (111) interfaces approximately twice that of the (001) interface. The larger Rashba spin splitting couples strongly to the asymmetric chiral texture of the orbital angular moment, and results mainly from the enhanced inter‐orbital hopping of the t2g bands and more localized wave functions. This finding has profound implications for the search for topological superconductors, as well as the realization of efficient spin‐charge interconversion for low‐power spin‐orbitronics based on (110) and (111) KTO interfaces.
Sequentially Processed Bulk‐Heterojunction‐Buried Structure for Efficient Organic Solar Cells with 500 nm Thickness
Authors: Zhang Huarui , Liu Yuqiang , Ran Guangliu , Li Hongxiang , Zhang Wenkai , Cheng Pei , Bo Zhishan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLarge‐area printing fabrication is a distinctive feature of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the advance of upscalable fabrication is challenged by the thickness of organic active layers considering the importance of both exciton dissociation and charge collection. In this work, a bulk‐heterojunction‐buried (buried‐BHJ) structure is introduced by sequential deposition to realize efficient exciton dissociation and charge collection, thereby contributing to efficient OSCs with 500 nm thick active layers. The buried‐BHJ distributes donor and acceptor phases in the vertical direction as charge transport channels, while numerous BHJ interfaces are buried in each phase to facilitate exciton dissociation simultaneously. It is found that buried‐BHJ configurations possess efficient exciton dissociation and rapid charge transport, resulting in reduced recombination losses. In comparison with traditional structures, the buried‐BHJ structure displays a decent tolerance to film thickness. In particular, a power conversion efficiency of 16.0% is achieved with active layers at a thickness of 500 nm. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this represents the champion efficiency of thick film OSCs.
Environmental Effects on the Performance of Small‐Molecule Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Jagoo Zafrullah , McNeil L.E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectrical measurements are performed on a bottom‐gate bottom‐contact organic thin‐film transistor with 2,8‐difluoro‐5,11‐bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (diF‐TES ADT) (diF‐TES ADT) as the active layer, varying the relative humidity of the environment surrounding the transistor. The results strongly indicate that water negatively impacts the electrical performance of the transistor and that the ingress of water is dynamic provided that the organic semiconductor layer is not encapsulated. It is found that the change can be reversed and the performance restored by removing the source of water. The drain current and threshold voltage of the transistor varied linearly when the relative humidity is changed from 35% to 7%, suggesting that the transistor can be used as a humidity sensor.
Slot‐Die Coating for Scalable Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Matondo Jadel Tsiba , Hu Hongwei , Ding Yu , Mateen Muhammad , Cheng Guanggui , Ding Jianning 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolution‐coating processes are promising methods to form active layers with low‐cost input in the industrial development of perovskite solar devices. Among available coating processes, of particular interest are those capable of producing uniform coatings with small defect distribution over large areas at high speeds, referred to as scalable methods. Slot‐die coating is one of these methods. It involves the meniscus coating of liquids or solutions over a static or moving substrate. This review discusses recent advances in slot‐die coating of active layers used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules (PSMs). Various strategies to control ink spreading over substrates, wet film drying, and post‐coating crystallization of light‐absorbing perovskite layer are outlined along with different approaches and materials used in post‐deposition defects healing. Then, commonly used solvents for perovskite ink formulation are analyzed based on their specific rheology and potential effect on human health and equipment safety. Also, precursor materials, solvents, and strategies to obtain desirable properties and morphology in the slot‐die coating of charge‐transporting layers are discussed. Lastly, an analysis of the performance of slot‐die coated perovskite solar mini‐modules and future perspectives on this topic conclude this review.
Preparation of Sustainable Composite Materials from Bio‐Based Domestic and Industrial Waste: Progress, Problems, and Prospects‐ A Review
Authors: Rehman Naeem Ur , Ullah Khalid Saif , Sajid Muhammad , Ihsanullah Ihsanullah , Waheed Abdul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBio‐based waste from households and industries is a big problem for the world, however, turning it into valuable composite materials can offer a promising approach to deal with it. It involves the conversion of waste from different bio‐based sources such as cellulose waste from farming and forestry leftovers, chitin waste from seafood and mushrooms, and keratin waste from hair, nails, and feathers into natural fibers. These fibers are then effectively mixed with other materials to create composite materials having unique properties, such as high strength and stiffness, good thermal and electrical conductivity, and better barrier properties. Developing these materials is not just good for the environment because it reduces landfill waste and the reliance on non‐renewable resources, but it can also make economic sense for producers. In this review, the basic compounds of natural fibers and the development of composite materials from them are explored and discussed in detail. Furthermore, their chemical and mechanical properties are discussed and summarized. In the final section, a brief overview of the challenges and the future research needed in this fast‐evolving field is given.
Functional 2D Nanoplatforms Alleviate Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis by Modulating Eosinophil Extracellular Trap Formation
Authors: Tu Zhaoxu , Liu Ming , Xu Changyi , Wei Yi , Lu Tong , Xiao Yongqiang , Li Hongxia , Zhang Shuaiyin , Xie Xinran , Li Jian , Wen Weiping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe therapeutic outcomes of patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) remain unsatisfactory, largely because the underlying mechanisms of eosinophilic inflammation are uncertain. Here, it is shown that the nasal secretions of ECRS patients have high eosinophil extracellular trap (EET) and cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) levels. Moreover, the cfDNA induced EET formation by activating toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling. After demonstrating that DNase I reduced eosinophilic inflammation by modulating EET formation, linear polyglycerol‐amine (LPGA)‐coated TiS2 nanosheets (TLPGA) as functional 2D nanoplatforms with low cytotoxicity, mild protein adsorption, and increased degradation rate is developed. Due to the more flexible linear architecture, TLPGA exhibited higher cfDNA affinity than the TiS2 nanosheets coated with dendritic polyglycerol‐amine (TDPGA). TLPGA reduced cfDNA levels in the nasal secretions of ECRS patients while suppressing cfDNA‐induced TLR9 activation and EET formation in vitro. TLPGA displayed exceptional biocompatibility, preferential nasal localization, and potent inflammation modulation in mice with eosinophilic inflammation. These results highlight the pivotal feature of the linear molecular architecture and 2D sheet‐like nanostructure in the development of anti‐inflammation nanoplatforms, which can be exploited for ECRS treatment.
Additive Manufacturing of Nanocellulose Aerogels with Structure‐Oriented Thermal, Mechanical, and Biological Properties
Authors: Sivaraman Deeptanshu , Nagel Yannick , Siqueira Gilberto , Chansoria Parth , Avaro Jonathan , Neels Antonia , Nyström Gustav , Sun Zhaoxia , Wang Jing , Pan Zhengyuan , Iglesias‐Mejuto Ana , Ardao Inés , García‐González Carlos A. , Li Mengmeng , Wu Tingting , Lattuada Marco , Malfait Wim J. , Zhao Shanyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is widely recognized as a versatile tool for achieving complex geometries and customized functionalities in designed materials. However, the challenge lies in selecting an appropriate AM method that simultaneously realizes desired microstructures and macroscopic geometrical designs in a single sample. This study presents a direct ink writing method for 3D printing intricate, high‐fidelity macroscopic cellulose aerogel forms. The resulting aerogels exhibit tunable anisotropic mechanical and thermal characteristics by incorporating fibers of different length scales into the hydrogel inks. The alignment of nanofibers significantly enhances mechanical strength and thermal resistance, leading to higher thermal conductivities in the longitudinal direction (65 mW m−1 K−1) compared to the transverse direction (24 mW m−1 K−1). Moreover, the rehydration of printed cellulose aerogels for biomedical applications preserves their high surface area (≈300 m2 g−1) while significantly improving mechanical properties in the transverse direction. These printed cellulose aerogels demonstrate excellent cellular viability (>90% for NIH/3T3 fibroblasts) and exhibit robust antibacterial activity through in situ‐grown silver nanoparticles.
Enhanced Bacterial Cuproptosis‐Like Death via Reversal of Hypoxia Microenvironment for Biofilm Infection Treatment
Authors: Luo Zhiyuan , Lu Renjie , Shi Tingwang , Ruan Zesong , Wang Wenbo , Guo Zhao , Zhan Zeming , Ma Yihong , Lian Xiaofeng , Ding Cheng , Chen Yunfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA recently emerging cell death pathway, known as copper‐induced cell death, has demonstrated significant potential for treating infections. Existing research suggests that cells utilizing aerobic respiration, as opposed to those reliant on glycolysis, exhibit greater sensitivity to copper‐induced death. Herein, a MnO2‐loaded copper metal–organic frameworks platform is developed denoted as MCM, to enhance bacterial cuproptosis‐like death via the remodeling of bacterial respiratory metabolism. The reversal of hypoxic microenvironments induced a cascade of responses, encompassing the reactivation of suppressed immune responses and the promotion of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Initially, MCM catalyzed O2 production, alleviating hypoxia within the biofilm and inducing a transition in bacterial respiration mode from glycolysis to aerobic respiration. Subsequently, the sensitized bacteria, characterized by enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, underwent cuproptosis‐like death owing to increased copper concentrations and aggregated intracellular dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase (DLAT). The disruption of hypoxia also stimulated suppressed dendritic cells and macrophages, thereby strengthening their antimicrobial activity through chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Moreover, the nutritional effects of copper elements, coupled with hypoxia alleviation, synergistically facilitated the regeneration of bones and blood vessels. Overall, reshaping the infection microenvironment to enhance cuproptosis‐like cell death presents a promising avenue for eradicating biofilms.
Unraveling the Potential of Vinyl Ether as an Ethylene Surrogate in Heteroarene C─H Functionalization via the Spin‐Center Shift
Authors: Choi Wonjun , Kim Leejae , Hong Sungwoo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the simplicity and abundance of ethylene, its practical application presents significant hurdles due to its nature as a highly flammable gas. Herein, a strategic use of easily handled vinyl ether is reported as a latent ethylene surrogate achieved via a spin‐center shift (SCS) pathway, enabling the successful three‐component reaction that bridges heteroarenes and various coupling partners, including sulfinates, thiols, and phosphine oxides. Through a photoredox catalytic process, α‐oxy radicals are generated by combining various radicals with phenyl vinyl ether, which are subsequently added to N‐heteroarenes. Subsequently, the radical‐mediated SCS pathway serves as the driving force for C─O bond cleavage, effectively engaging the phenoxy group as a leaving group. In addition, by broadening the utility of the method, a valuable synthon is provided for efficient C─H vinylation of N‐heteroarenes following sulfonyl group elimination. This approach not only enriches the toolbox of synthetic methodology but also provides a more streamlined alternative, circumventing the challenges associated with direct ethylene gas usage. The versatility of the method, particularly evident in late‐stage functionalizations of medicinally relevant molecules and peptides, underscores its capability to produce invaluable three‐component compounds and vinylated N‐heteroarene derivatives.
In Situ Remodeling of Efferocytosis via Lesion‐Localized Microspheres to Reverse Cartilage Senescence
Authors: Xiong Wei , Han Zeyu , Ding Sheng‐Long , Wang Haoran , Du Yawei , Cui Wenguo , Zhang Ming‐Zhu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEfferocytosis, an intrinsic regulatory mechanism to eliminate apoptotic cells, will be suppressed due to the delayed apoptosis process in aging‐related diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, cartilage lesion‐localized hydrogel microspheres are developed to remodel the in situ efferocytosis to reverse cartilage senescence and recruit endogenous stem cells to accelerate cartilage repair. Specifically, aldehyde‐ and methacrylic anhydride (MA)‐modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel microspheres (AHM), loaded with pro‐apoptotic liposomes (liposomes encapsulating ABT263, A‐Lipo) and PDGF‐BB, namely A‐Lipo/PAHM, are prepared by microfluidic and photo‐cross‐linking techniques. By a degraded porcine cartilage explant OA model, the in situ cartilage lesion location experiment illustrated that aldehyde‐functionalized microspheres promote affinity for degraded cartilage. In vitro data showed that A‐Lipo induced apoptosis of senescent chondrocytes (Sn‐chondrocytes), which can then be phagocytosed by the efferocytosis of macrophages, and remodeling efferocytosis facilitated the protection of normal chondrocytes and maintained the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs. In vivo experiments confirmed that hydrogel microspheres localized to cartilage lesion reversed cartilage senescence and promoted cartilage repair in OA. It is believed this in situ efferocytosis remodeling strategy can be of great significance for tissue regeneration in aging‐related diseases.
Nanofibrous Porous Organic Polymers and Their Derivatives: From Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Yang Chen , Wang Kexiang , Lyu Wei , Liu He , Li Jiaqiang , Wang Yue , Jiang Ruyu , Yuan Jiayin , Liao Yaozu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEngineering porous organic polymers (POPs) into 1D morphology holds significant promise for diverse applications due to their exceptional processability and increased surface contact for enhanced interactions with guest molecules. This article reviews the latest developments in nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives, encompassing porous organic polymer nanofibers, their composites, and POPs‐derived carbon nanofibers. The review delves into the design and fabrication strategies, elucidates the formation mechanisms, explores their functional attributes, and highlights promising applications. The first section systematically outlines two primary fabrication approaches of nanofibrous POPs, i.e., direct bulk synthesis and electrospinning technology. Both routes are discussed and compared in terms of template utilization and post‐treatments. Next, performance of nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives are reviewed for applications including water treatment, water/oil separation, gas adsorption, energy storage, heterogeneous catalysis, microwave absorption, and biomedical systems. Finally, highlighting existent challenges and offering future prospects of nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives are concluded.