bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behaviours indicative of bullying among young and juvenile male offenders: a study of perpetrator and victim characteristics
Authors: Ireland Jane L. , Monaghan Rachel 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe actual characteristics of young offenders involved in behaviours indicative of “bullying others” or of “being bullied” have received only limited research attention. No research to date has focused on prison‐based behavioural characteristics. The present study aimed to explore these characteristics in a sample of young and juvenile male offenders. Subsidiary aims included examining the nature and extent of behaviours indicative of bullying, and the extent to which a developmental model of aggression can be applied to a prison sample. One hundred and thirty‐three offenders (102 young and 31 juvenile) completed a behavioural measure of behaviours indicative of bullying (Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist). Juvenile offenders were more likely to report “being bullied” physically than young offenders and were less likely to report “bullying others” overall, directly and psychologically/verbally. Young offenders were more likely to be classified as “bully/victims” than juveniles. Prison‐based behavioural characteristics were more predictive of membership to the perpetrator and/or victim groups than personal descriptive characteristics such as age, sentence length, offence type, ethnic origin and total amount of time spent in prison. Bully/victims were predicted by increased negative and drug‐related behaviour and pure victims by decreased positive behaviour. There were no significant predictors for pure bullies. Bully/victims were found to react more aggressively to their victimization than pure victims. The present findings suggest that there are reliable predictors of involvement as a perpetrator and/or victim among young and juvenile samples. The findings are compared to previous research and discussed with regard to the environment in which bullying behaviour is being assessed. Aggr. Behav. 32:172–180, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A generic controller for part surface temperature on a plastic injection molding machine
Authors: Dubay R. , Pramujati B. , Hernandez M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA new approach for controlling part cooling in plastic injection molding is developed using a PI controller and coolant flow rate as the manipulated variable. The method uses an average part surface temperature within the mold as the setpoint parameter. A mechatronic control system was developed for providing variable coolant flow rates. The control strategy was simulated using plant models, implemented and tested on a 50‐tonne plastic injection‐molding machine with good closed loop responses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25: 1–12, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20053
Effect of vibration on agglomerate particulate fluidization
Authors: Valverde Jose Manuel , Castellanos Antonio 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAgglomerate particulate fluidization (APF), consisting of uniform bubbleless fluidization of agglomerated fine particles, has been observed in some fluidized beds of fine and ultrafine powders. Experiments performed in centrifugal fluidized beds (CFB) and vibrofluidized beds (VFB) show that the quality of fluidization is improved by increased effective acceleration. The Richardson‐Zaki modified equation is used, and a proposed criterion for agglomerate size is presented in order to predict the effect of the increase of gravitational acceleration on the APF bed. Following, model predictions are compared with experimental data on VFB of xerographic toners (particle size ≈ 10μ m) displaying APF in a wide interval of gas velocities. It is seen that the agglomerate size and agglomerate volume fraction ϕ* decrease as the effective acceleration is increased. The agreement with the model predictions is good, but at some critical acceleration visible bubbling is stimulated. At bubbling stimulation ϕ* is close to the value of ϕ* at the onset of bubbling in the absence of external vibrations when the gas velocity is increased up to the minimum bubbling velocity. This result indicates that the agglomerate size cannot be decreased indefinitely since at some critical point the concentration and size of local voids can be higher enough to yield the irreversible coalescence of voids into large bubbles. Particle agglomeration is, therefore, essential at some extent to the uniform fluidized state observed for fine particles. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Equilibrium model for ion exchange between multivalent cations and zeolite‐A in a molten salt
Authors: Phongikaroon Supathorn , Simpson Michael F. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA two‐site equilibrium model that previously only accommodated monovalent cations has been extended to include divalent and trivalent cations for ion exchange between zeolite‐A and molten chloride salts, a process being considered for concentrating nuclear fission products into high level waste forms. Equilibrium constants were determined by fitting the model to equilibrium data sets for ion exchange between zeolite‐A and Cs ternary salt (CsCl‐LiCl‐KCl), Rb ternary salt (RbCl‐LiCl‐KCl), Na ternary salt (NaCl‐LiCl‐KCl), Sr ternary salt (SrCl2‐LiCl‐KCl), and U ternary salt (UCl3‐LiCl‐KCl). The results reveal a good fit between the experimental data sets and the model. The two ion exchange sites, framework sites and occluded sites, demonstrate different relative selectivities for the cations. It was found that Sr2+ is the preferred cation in the ion exchange site, and Cs+ is the preferred cation in the occlusion site. Meanwhile, Li+ has the highest combined selectivity when both ion exchange and occlusion sites are considered. Interestingly, divalent and trivalent species are more preferred in the ion exchange site than the monovalent species with the exception of Li+. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Temporal mixing
Authors: Smith Oliver J. , Graham David R. , Palamara John E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA new method is presented for attenuating time dependent composition or temperature variations in fluid streams. We refer to this new method as temporal mixing, or mixing in time. Temporal mixing involves passing fluid streams through a vessel or configuration of vessels that exhibits a certain residence time distribution (RTD). While conventional configurations, such as a buffer tank or stirred tank, provide some attenuation, new temporal mixing configurations are described that exhibit a higher degree of attenuation. A number of simple flow configurations exhibiting limited temporal mixing are analyzed, and a theoretical configuration exhibiting ideal temporal mixing is proposed. The ideal temporal mixing configuration is characterized by a perfectly flat RTD, which totally eliminates all periodic variations at the outlet of the configuration. Although this ideal case cannot be realized in practice, a vessel that closely approximates a flat RTD is described. Simulations based on real plant data are used to show that this vessel significantly improves the attenuation achieved over that attained with conventional methods. A number of temporal mixing vessels have been installed that demonstrate improved operation and a significant reduction in operating costs for world‐class hydrogen facilities. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Rational Design of DNA Nanoarchitectures
Authors: Feldkamp Udo , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDNA has many physical and chemical properties that make it a powerful material for molecular constructions at the nanometer length scale. In particular, its ability to form duplexes and other secondary structures through predictable nucleotide‐sequence‐directed hybridization allows for the design of programmable structural motifs which can self‐assemble to form large supramolecular arrays, scaffolds, and even mechanical and logical nanodevices. Despite the large variety of structural motifs used as building blocks in the programmed assembly of supramolecular DNA nanoarchitectures, the various modules share underlying principles in terms of the design of their hierarchical configuration and the implemented nucleotide sequences. This Review is intended to provide an overview of this fascinating and rapidly growing field of research from the structural design point of view.
Preparation and properties of polypropylene filled with organo‐montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Wenyi Wang , Xiaofei Zeng , Guoquan Wang , Jianfeng Chen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractOrgano‐Montmorillonite (Org‐MMT)/maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH)/polypropylene nanocomposites have been prepared by melt blending with twin‐screw extruder. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites and the dispersion of Org‐MMT intercalated by the macromolecular chain were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and mechanical tests. The crystal properties of the nanocomposites have been tested by a differential scanning calorimeter. The thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by thermo gravimetric analysis. The results show that not only the impact property but also the tensile property and the bending modulus of the system have been increased evidently by the added Org‐MMT. The Org‐MMT has been dispersed in the matrix in the nanometer scale. With the addition of the Org‐MMT, the melting point and the crystalling point of the nanocomposites increased; the total velocity of crystallization of the nanocomposites also increased. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites is increased by the filled Org‐MMT. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2875–2880, 2006
Conformational features of truncated hepatitis C virus core protein in virus‐like particles
Authors: Rodriguez‐Casado A. , Molina Marina , Carmona Pedro 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHCVc 120 is a truncated protein from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein that interacts with itself to form nucleocapsid‐like particles. We present here the infrared and Raman spectra of oligomeric HCVc 120 protein in order to obtain insights into its secondary structure as well as the environment surrounding some protein side chains. When compared with its monomer form, oligomeric HCVc 120 protein shows an increase in β‐sheet structure. Tryptophan residues have been found to be solvent exposed in the oligomeric form, and they likely do not significantly participate in the protein assembly. However, the β‐sheet content in oligomeric HCVc 120 protein suggests that this structural motif cannot be excluded in nucleocapsid formation, as shown recently in other viruses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 334–338, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Effects of rare earth ions on the conformational stability of anticoagulation factor II from Agkistrodon acutus venom probed by fluorescent spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Long , Chen Jie‐Xia , Zhang Li‐Yun , Liu Xiang‐Hu , Liu Wen‐Qi , Liu Qing‐Liang 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAnticoagulation factor II (ACF II) isolated from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus is an activated coagulation factor X‐binding protein in a Ca2+‐dependent fashion with marked anticoagulant activity. The equilibrium unfolding of rare earth ions (RE3+)‐reconstituted ACF II in guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) solution was studied by fluorescence. The GdnHCl‐induced unfolding of RE3+ (Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+)‐reconstituted ACF II follows a three‐state transition with a stable intermediate state. Substitutions of the RE3+ ions for Ca2+ in ACF II decrease the conformational stability of its native state but markedly increase the conformational stability of its intermediate state. The free energy change of RE3+–ACF II from the intermediate state to denatured state linearly increases with the increase of ionic potentials of bound metal ions (Ca2+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+). The refolding of ACF II from the unfolded state to the intermediate state can be induced merely by adding 10 μM RE3+ ions without changing the concentration of the denaturant. The kinetic results of the RE3+‐induced refolding provide evidence indicating that the intermediate state of RE3+–ACF II consists of at least two refolding phases and that the refolding rate constant values of the faster phase decrease with the increase of the difference between the radii of Ca2+ and RE3+, but the refolding rate constant values of the slower phase are similar to each other. The results of this study indicate that the size of metal ion is the major factor responsible for the metal ion‐induced conformational stabilization of the native ACF II, while the metal ionic potential plays a predominant role in stabilizing the conformation for the intermediate state. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 167–175, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study on the Ca2+‐bound coordination structures of synthetic peptide analogues of the calcium‐binding site III of troponin C
Authors: Nara Masayuki , Morii Hisayuki , Yumoto Fumiaki , Kagi Hiroyuki , Tanokura Masaru 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe coordination structures of Ca2+ ion bound to synthetic peptide analogues of the calcium‐binding site III of rabbit skeletal muscle troponin C (TnC) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The region of the COO− antisymmetric stretching vibration provides information about the coordination modes of a COO− group to a metal ion. The 34‐residue peptide corresponding to the EF hand motif (helix–loop–helix) showed a band at 1552 cm−1 in the Ca2+‐loaded state, indicating that the side‐chain COO− group of Glu at the 12th position serves as a ligand for Ca2+ in the bidentate coordination mode. On the other hand, the 13‐residue peptide (Ac‐DRDADGYIDAEEL‐NH2) containing the Ca2+‐binding site III (DRDADGYIDAEE) did not show such spectral patterns in the Ca2+‐loaded state, meaning that shorter synthetic peptide corresponding to the site III has less or no affinity for Ca2+. It was found that the 17‐residue peptide (Ac‐DRDADGYIDAEELAEIF‐NH2) is the minimum peptide necessary for the interaction of side‐chain COO−of Glu at the 12th position with Ca2+ in the bidentate coordination mode. We discuss the relationship between the amino acid length of synthetic peptide analogues and the formation of Ca2+‐bound coordination structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 339–343, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Affinity‐tagged green fluorescent protein (GFP) extraction from a clarified E. coli cell lysate using a two‐phase aqueous micellar system
Authors: Mazzola Priscila G. , Lam Henry , Kavoosi Mojgan , Haynes Charles A. , Pessoa Adalberto , Penna Thereza Christina Vessoni , Wang Daniel I.C. , Blankschtein Daniel 
Published: February 2006

AbstractGreen fluorescent protein (GFP) has been proposed as an ideal choice for a protein‐based biological indicator for use in the validation of decontamination or disinfection treatments. In this article, we present a potentially scalable and cost‐effective way to purify recombinant GFP, produced by fermentation in Escherichia coli, by affinity‐enhanced extraction in a two‐phase aqueous micellar system. Affinity‐enhanced partitioning, which improves the specificity and yield of the target protein by specific bioaffinity interactions, has been demonstrated. A novel affinity tag, family 9 carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM9) is fused to GFP, and the resulting fusion protein is affinity‐extracted in a decyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (C10G1) two‐phase aqueous micellar system. In this system, C10G1 acts as phase forming and as affinity surfactant. We will further demonstrate the implementation of this concept to attain partial recovery of affinity‐tagged GFP from a clarified E. coli cell lysate, including the simultaneous removal of other contaminating proteins. The cell lysate was partitioned at three levels of dilution (5×, 10×, and 40×). Irrespective of the dilution level, CBM9‐GFP was found to partition preferentially to the micelle‐rich phase, with the same partition coefficient value as that found in the absence of the cell lysate. The host cell proteins from the cell lysate were found to partition preferentially to the micelle‐poor phase, where they experience less excluded‐volume interactions. The demonstration of proof‐of‐principle of the direct affinity‐enhanced extraction of CBM9‐GFP from the cell lysate represents an important first step towards developing a cost‐effective separation method for GFP, and more generally, for other proteins of interest. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optical method for long‐term and large‐scale monitoring of spatial biofilm development
Authors: Milferstedt K. , Pons M.‐N. , Morgenroth E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA method was developed that allows biofilm monitoring on the square centimeter scale over extended periods of time. The method is based on image acquisition using a desktop scanner and subsequent image analysis. It was shown that results from grey level analysis are highly correlated with physical properties of the biofilm like average biomass and biofilm thickness. The scanner method was applied to monitor overall biofilm growth, detachment, and surface roughness during two 3 and 4 week long experiments. Two significantly different growth dynamics during the biofilm development could be identified, depending on the biofilm history. Surface roughness on transects in flow direction was always higher than on transects perpendicular to the flow, reflecting the anisotropic characteristics of biofilms growing in a flow field. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Community structures and activities of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in industrial wastewater‐treating biofilms
Authors: Satoh Hisashi , Yamakawa Takeshi , Kindaichi Tomonori , Ito Tsukasa , Okabe Satoshi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe bacterial community structure, in situ spatial distributions and activities of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in biofilms treating industrial wastewater were investigated by combination of the 16S rRNA gene clone analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and microelectrodes. These results were compared with the nitrogen removal capacity of the industrial wastewater treatment plant (IWTP). Both nitrification and denitrification occurred in the primary denitrification (PD) tank and denitrification occurred in the secondary denitrification (SD) tank. In contrast, nitrification and denitrification rates were very low in the nitrification (N) tank. 16S rRNA gene clone sequence analysis revealed that the bacteria affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria, followed by Betaproteobacteria, were numerically important microbial groups in three tanks. The many clones affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria were closely related to the denitrifying bacteria (e.g., Hyphomicrobium spp., Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and Rhodobacter spp.). In addition, Methylophilus leisingeri affiliated with Betaproteobacteria, which favorably utilized methanol, was detected only in the SD‐tank to which methanol was added. Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas marina were detected as the ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria affiliated with Betaproteobacteria throughout this plant, although the dominant species of them was different among three tanks. Nitrifying bacteria were mainly detected in the upper parts of the PD‐biofilm whereas their populations were low in the upper parts of the N‐biofilm. The presence of denitrifying bacteria affiliated with Hyphomicrobium spp. in SD‐ and N‐biofilms was verified by FISH analysis. Microelectrode measurements showed that the nitrifying bacteria present in the N‐ and PD‐biofilms were active and the bacteria present in the SD‐biofilm could denitrify. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative study of biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes with sedimentation and membrane‐based separation
Authors: Monti Alessandro , Hall Eric R. , Dawson Robert N. , Husain Hadi , Kelly Harlan G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA membrane‐enhanced biological phosphorus removal (MEBPR) process was operated in parallel with a conventional EBPR (CEBPR) process under challenging operating conditions to uncover fundamental differences in their ability to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from municipal wastewater. Both systems exhibited the same potential to achieve excellent soluble‐P removal when a favorable COD to P ratio was maintained in the influent. The MEBPR train generated a superior effluent quality when measured as total P. The CEBPR effluent contained significantly lower levels of nitrates due to the extra denitrification occurring in the sludge blanket of the secondary clarifier. The observed sludge yield in the MEBPR system was estimated to be between 0.23 and 0.28 g VSS/g COD, and this was 15% lower than the CEBPR sludge yield. When the influent volatile fatty acids (VFAs) became limiting, the CEBPR train exhibited better performance in the removal of soluble‐P, due to the higher observed sludge yield and an overall greater denitrification activity that led to a more efficient use of VFAs in the anaerobic zone. After experiencing a severe deterioration of the biological P activity in both processes, the MEBPR train exhibited faster recovery than the CEBPR side. In this experimental work, it was demonstrated that an MEBPR process can sustain long‐term satisfactory bio‐P performance at HRTs as low as 7 h. However, the lower sludge yield and the reduced denitrification capacity are two important factors that impact the design of high rate membrane‐assisted biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of multiple coronary guidewires to occupy secondary branch vessels and facilitate PCI of a complex aneurysmal stenosis
Authors: Pulukurthy Satyauardhan , Carter Andrew J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPercutaneous revascularization of complex coronary stenosis is dependent on establishing suitable guidewire position in the vascular bed distal to the lesion. We report the use of multiple 0.0014″ coronary guidewires to occupy unintended branch vessels and to facilitate PCI of a high‐grade left circumflex obtuse marginal branch lesion with post‐stenotic aneurysmal dilation of the vessel and multiple branch vessels. This technique enabled successful placement of a nitinol hydrophilic‐coated wire into the distal vascular bed beyond the region of obstruction followed by placement of a drug‐eluting stent with restoration of luminal dimensions and TIMI‐3 angiographic flow. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.