bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple vitellogenin‐derived yolk proteins in gray mullet (Mugil cephalus): Disparate proteolytic patterns associated with ovarian follicle maturation
Authors: Amano Haruna , Fujita Toshiaki , Hiramatsu Naoshi , Kagawa Hirohiko , Matsubara Takahiro , Sullivan Craig V. , Hara Akihiko 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDisparate proteolytic patterns of yolk proteins, derived from three types of vitellogenin (VgA, VgB, and VgC), were observed in gray mullet. Immuno‐biochemical analyses of extracts obtained from vitellogenic ovaries (VO) and ovulated eggs (OE) confirmed that a large proportion of VgA‐derived lipovitellin (LvA) was degraded into free amino acids (FAAs) during ovarian follicle maturation. The maturation‐associated alteration of VgB‐derived Lv (LvB) involved only limited proteolysis; the heavy and light LvB chains were dissociated into at least three and one polypeptide fragments, respectively. The native mass of VgC‐derived Lv (LvC) exhibited little difference between VO and OE, although it was apparent that the LvC was ‘nicked’ during maturation, resulting in the appearance of several bands in OE. Similar analyses confirmed that VgA‐derived β′‐component (β′‐cA) and VgB‐derived β′‐c (β′‐cB) decreased during maturation in both quantity and native mass, while phosvitin derived from either VgA (PvA) or VgB (PvB) appeared to be degraded into FAAs. The pattern of maturation‐associated proteolysis of mullet yolk proteins is similar to that reported for other marine teleosts spawning pelagic eggs. However, the depository ratio of the three distinct types of Lv in the mullet VO appeared to be different from that estimated for another marine pelagophil, the barfin flounder. These results support a recent paradigm regarding the significance of Vg multiplicity upon successive physiological events in this group of fishes including the hydration of maturing oocytes, the acquisition of proper egg buoyancy, and the generation of requisite nutrient stocks for each stage of embryogenesis and larval development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1307–1317, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in LH‐ and meiosis‐activating sterol (MAS)‐induced maturation in rat and mouse oocytes
Authors: Motola Shmulik , Cao Xiumei , Popliker Malka , Tsafriri Alex 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGonadotropic stimulation of meiotic resumption in mice is dependent upon mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in the somatic compartment of the follicle. By contrast, spontaneous resumption of meiosis is independent of MAPK activation. In view of the suggested role of meiosis‐activating sterol (MAS) in oocyte maturation we have (i) compared MAPK activation in rat preovulatory follicles stimulated by LH or by accumulation of endogenous MAS by using an inhibitor of MAS conversion, AY9944; (ii) examined whether stimulation of meiosis by MAS is dependent upon MAPK activation using denuded oocytes (DO) of Mos‐ null mice (hereafter Mos−/−) with oocytes unable to activate MAPK. Rat preovulatory follicles responded to LH or AY9944 stimulation by MAPK activation. Inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation blocked both LH‐ and AY9944 triggered resumption of meiosis. In mouse cumulus‐enclosed oocytes (CEOs) and DOs AY9944 stimulated GVB in wild‐type and Mos−/− mouse CEOs cultured with hypoxanthine (Hx). Addition of MAS or AY9944 to mouse DOs cultured with Hx induced resumption of meiosis only in wild‐type and Mos+/− oocytes, but they were ineffective in Mos−/− oocytes. The observed sluggish activation of MAPK induced by AY9944 in rat follicle‐enclosed oocytes (FEO) may cause the delay in meiotic resumption in response to MAS and AY9944 stimulation. Further, it is incompatible with the suggested role of MAS as an obligatory mediator of LH in the induction of meiotic maturation. MAPK/MOS activation, whether in the somatic compartment or in denuded oocytes, is required for MAS‐ like LH‐, FSH‐, or EGF‐induced resumption of meiosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1533–1541 © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Network virtualization under user control
Authors: Cherkaoui Omar , Halima Elbiaze 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we present the main challenges for offering end‐to‐end virtual network services under user control. This work is motivated by the growing need for end‐to‐end virtual services to support high‐volume data transfer applications such as large data Center, grid applications and storage area networks over multi‐domain networks. The virtualization of network services has to deal with some important issues, such as dynamic provisioning, sharing control, isolation and security. We have developed and implemented a solution called user control Virtual Service that allows the user to deploy and share different virtual services over a multi‐domain network. UCVS is a network‐driven virtual service solution that enables the coordinated provisioning and reuse of physical and virtualized computing, storage and network resources from shared pools. UCVS ensures that applications are dynamically supported throughout multi‐domain infrastructure. UCVS also achieves cross‐technology orchestration, helping further progress towards a service‐oriented infrastructure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding among first‐time mothers
Authors: Semenic Sonia , Loiselle Carmen , Gottlieb Laurie 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFew women currently meet revised WHO recommendations to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months postpartum. In this prospective study we aimed to determine the influence of socio‐demographic, psychosocial, and perinatal factors on the length of exclusive breastfeeding among 189 Canadian primiparous mothers. A majority of the participants did not meet their exclusive breastfeeding goals, and only 5% breastfed exclusively for a full 6 months. Breastfeeding self‐efficacy, in‐hospital formula supplementation, prenatal class attendance, and type of delivery independently predicted exclusive breastfeeding duration. Findings underscore the complex interplay of factors influencing breastfeeding, highlight the early postpartum weeks as a critical period for the establishment of exclusive breastfeeding, and suggest the need for a continuum of pre‐ and postnatal strategies for prolonging the exclusive breastfeeding period. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:428–441, 2008
“Distorted into clarity”: A methodological case study illustrating the paradox of systematic review
Authors: Sandelowski Margarete , Voils Corrine I. , Barroso Julie , Lee Eun‐Jeong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSystematic review is typically viewed in the health sciences as the most objective—that is, rigorous, transparent, and reproducible—method for summarizing the results of research. Yet, recent scholarship has shown systematic review to involve feats of interpretation producing less certain, albeit valuable, results. We found this to be the case when we tried to overcome the resistance to synthesis of a set of qualitative and quantitative findings on stigma in HIV‐positive women. These findings were difficult to combine largely because of fuzzy conceptualizations of stigma and the volume of unique quantitative findings. Our encounter with findings resistant to synthesis heightened our awareness of the extent to which all systematic reviews are accomplished by practices that paradoxically “distort [research findings] into clarity.” © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:454–465, 2008
Postnatal management of prenatally diagnosed abdominal masses and anomalies
Authors: Heaton Todd E. , Liechty Kenneth W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRapid advancement in fetal diagnostic imaging has increased our ability to diagnose a multitude of anomalies in the prenatal period. The purpose of this chapter is to review our current understanding of prenatally diagnosed intra‐abdominal lesions, and describe the current guidelines for the postnatal management and subsequent outcome for these lesions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of diabetes in police custody: a liaison initiative between a diabetes specialist service and the police force
Authors: Wright RJ , Barclay JIP , Frier BM , Plastow B 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe management of people with diabetes in police custody has received little attention. Few guidelines are available for police officers to manage people with diabetes who are being detained in custody, despite the risk of metabolic derangement occurring in this situation. The use of drugs and alcohol by the detainee prior to arrest may confuse identification of the symptoms and signs of hyper‐ and hypoglycaemia, and emergency treatment in hospital may be required because of inadequate or inappropriate management while in custody.To evaluate current practice, to identify problem areas and to help implement change, a liaison was established between a specialist diabetes service and the local police force. An experienced diabetes specialist nurse identified problem areas in collaboration with the police custodial team and the forensic nursing service. Input from specialist medical and dietetic staff was sought and issues pertaining to awareness, staff training, equipment and dietary provision were evaluated.This liaison initiative led to the implementation of training for police staff to deal with people with diabetes who require insulin therapy, in blood glucose monitoring and in the management of diabetic emergencies. Equipment for diabetic management in the police station was upgraded, and training provided for its use. Police awareness of the potential problems associated with diabetes was heightened. Audit and further evaluation of these changes are being performed to ensure that these acquired skills and staff competence are maintained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons.
Medical treatment for diabetic retinopathy: do the FIELD microvascular study results support a role for lipid lowering?
Authors: Dodson PM 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWhile laser treatment is regarded as the standard therapy, intensive medical management of glycaemia and hypertension is a priority to reduce the risk of diabetic retinopathy. Recent data have prompted a re‐evaluation of the role of lipid‐modifying therapy in reducing diabetic retinopathy. The role of statins has been investigated in the CARDS trial, which demonstrated a trend to reduction in retinal laser treatment with atorvastatin, but no effect on retinopathy progression. Investigation of fibrates in the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study has demonstrated a significant 30% relative reduction in the need for first retinal laser therapy in type 2 diabetes patients treated with a fibrate (fenofibrate). This was evident in both reduction of macula and pan‐retinal laser treatment. A reduction in progression of diabetic retinopathy was observed in those with retinopathy at baseline, but not in primary prevention. The retinal benefits reported in the FIELD study do argue for consideration of fenofibrate in the management of patients with established diabetic retinopathy, whilst we await further evaluation of the mechanism and role of fenofibrate in trials with primary study endpoints of diabetic retinopathy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons.
Elevated levels of HER‐2/neu and androgen receptor in clinically localized prostate cancer identifies metastatic potential
Authors: Ricciardelli Carmela , Jackson Michael W. , Choong Catherine S. , Stahl Jürgen , Marshall Villis R. , Horsfall David J. , Tilley Wayne D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, we investigated the expression of HER‐2/neu and AR in clinically organ‐confined prostate cancer to determine whether alterations in these signaling pathways contribute to the development of metastatic disease.METHODSHER‐2/neu and AR immunoreactivity were evaluated in archived prostatic tissues obtained from 53 men with clinically organ‐confined disease who underwent radical prostatectomy. Associations between AR and HER‐2/neu immunostaining and disease outcome were determined.RESULTSSeventy percent (37/53) of tumors exhibited high levels of HER‐2/neu immunostaining and 68% (36/53) of tumors had elevated AR levels. Patients with high levels of both HER‐2/neu and AR had the highest rate of PSA failure (56%, 15/27) compared with no PSA failures amongst seven patients with low levels of both HER‐2/neu and AR (log rank statistic 7.69, P = 0.021). Concurrent high levels of HER‐2/neu and AR expression were significantly associated with high pathological stage (P = 0.027) and development of metastatic disease (P = 0.022).CONCLUSIONSThese findings support the notion that both the HER‐2/neu and AR signaling pathways may contribute to development of metastatic disease. The subset of prostate tumors with increased HER‐2/neu and AR levels may benefit from treatment strategies that target both signaling pathways. Prostate 68:830–838, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic azacitidine treatment results in differentiating effects, sensitizes against bicalutamide in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells
Authors: Gravina Giovanni Luca , Festuccia Claudio , Millimaggi Danilo , Dolo Vincenza , Tombolini Vincenzo , de Vito Mariano , Vicentini Carlo , Bologna Mauro 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDAbout 20–30% of hormone‐independent PCa are characterized by the extensive loss of AR expression that appears to occur at the transcriptional level. Treatment of AR‐negative PCa cells with demethylating agents (Aza‐CR) leads to expression of AR mRNA and protein. Here, we investigate the effect of Aza‐CR administered both acutely and chronically on AR expression, PSA expression, cell survival, and proliferation in androgen‐independent/AR‐negative PCa cells. We also studied whether epigenetically reactivated AR is a target for bicalutamide therapy.METHODSThe in vitro effect of Aza‐CR as single agent and its ability to induce AR expression and to augment the efficacy to bicalutamide were assessed using two androgen‐independent and AR‐negative cell lines (PC3 and DU145).RESULTSOur results show that acute treatment (4 days) with Aza‐CR results in a relatively low decrease in cell proliferation with G2 cell cycle arrest and no significant evidence of apoptosis or AR expression. Interestingly, when Aza‐CR was chronically administered (20 days), this treatment resulted in marked decrease in tumor cell proliferation with significant increase in AR and PSA protein levels. Furthermore, following Aza‐CR chronic treatment the formerly androgen‐independent PC3 and DU145 cells increase their susceptibility to the apoptotic effects of bicalutamide.CONCLUSIONSAza‐CR acute treatment has modest effects on androgen‐independent and AR‐negative PCa cell survival and proliferation, but chronic administration results in profound decrease in proliferation and in sensitization to antiandrogen agents. All these effects seem, in some measure, dependent on a partial restoration of androgen regulation. Prostate 68: 793–801, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo and in vitro studies of anticancer actions of α‐TEA for human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Jia Li , Yu Weiping , Wang Pei , Sanders Bob G. , Kline Kimberly 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDVitamin E analog, 2,5,7,8‐tetramethyl‐2R‐(4R,8R, 12‐trimethyltridecyl) chroman‐6‐yloxyacetic acid, referred to as α‐TEA induces apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cells in cell culture and reduces tumor burden and metastases in preclinical animal models of breast and ovarian cancer. The goal of this study was to determine in vivo anticancer efficacy of α‐TEA against human prostate cancer cells and identify mechanisms of action.METHODSA PC‐3‐GFP xenograft model was used to assess the effects of α‐TEA formulated in liposomes and administered orally on tumor burden and metastases. Tumor tissue was examined by immunohistochemical staining for percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis by TUNEL or cell proliferation by Ki‐67. In vitro analyses of mechanisms employed western immunoblotting to examine effects of α‐TEA‐treatments in LNCaP and PC‐3‐GFP cells on levels of pro‐survival and pro‐death factors. Functional significance was determined using ectopically expressed constitutively active forms, inhibitors, or siRNA.RESULTSα‐TEA significantly reduced tumor burden and metastases, increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of tumor cells (P < 0.05). α‐TEA treatment of both LNCaP and PC‐3‐GFP cells in vitro reduced levels of pAkt1, pAkt2; FOXO1, c‐FLIP(L) and survivin. Constitutively active Akt1, Akt2, c‐FLIP or survivin reduced α‐TEA‐induced apoptosis. PI3K inhibitor enhanced apoptosis. Constitutively active FOXO1 enhanced α‐TEA induced Fas ligand expression; whereas, FOXO1 siRNA reduced α‐TEA induced Fas ligand expression.CONCLUSIONSα‐TEA is an effective anticancer agent for human prostate cancer cells. Downregulation of pro‐survival and upregulation of pro‐death factors play roles in α‐TEA‐induced apoptosis. Prostate 68:849–860, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Larvicidal activity ofKaempferia galangarhizome phenylpropanoids towards three mosquito species
Authors: Ahn Young‐Joon , Kim Nam‐Jin , Byun Sang‐Gi , Cho Jang‐Eun , Chung Keun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study was aimed at assessing the toxicity of ethyl cinnamate and ethylp‐methoxycinnamate (EMC) identified inKaempferia galangalL. (Zingiberaceae) rhizome and another 12 known compounds to third‐instar larvae from laboratory‐rearedCulex pipiens pallensForskal,Aedes aegyptiL. andOchlerotatus togoiTheobald and field‐collectedC. pipiens pallens(Jinhae colony). Results were compared with those for fenthion and temephos.RESULTS:Ethylp‐methoxycinnamate was the most toxic of the test compounds to larvae of the three mosquito species (LC5012.3–20.7 mg L−1) but less toxic than either fenthion (0.0096–0.021 mg L−1) or temephos (0.0039–0.0079 mg L−1). Ethyl cinnamate and 3‐carene were highly active againstC. pipiens pallenslarvae (24.1 and 21.6 mg L−1) but less toxic toA. aegyptiandO. togoilarvae (ca 40 and 60 mg L−1respectively). The toxicity of these compounds to larvae from the Jinhae colony ofC. pipiens pallenswas almost the same as their toxicity to the laboratory‐reared larvae, although the larvae from the colony exhibited low levels of resistance to fenthion (resistance ratio 9.1) and temephos (5.8).CONCLUSION:Kaempferia galangarhizome‐derived materials, particularly ethylp‐methoxycinnamate, merit further study as potential mosquito control agents for protection of humans and domestic animals from vector‐borne diseases and nuisance caused by mosquitoes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of new 3‐benzylfuran‐2‐yl N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethyldiamidophosphate derivatives
Authors: Paula Vanderlúcia F , Barbosa Luiz Cláudio A , Teixeira Róbson R , Picanço Marcelo C , Silva Gerson A 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: A series of 3‐benzylfuran‐2‐yl N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethyldiamidophosphate derivatives were synthesized as potential new agents to control insects. Their structures were confirmed on the basis of IR, NMR and MS analyses.RESULTS: Ten 3‐benzylfuran‐2‐ylN,N,N′,N′‐tetraethyl derivatives were prepared from the compound furan‐2‐yl N′ (N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethyldiamidophosphate). The contact toxicity of all derivatives, at a dose of 10 µg mg−1 insect, was evaluated against four insect species, Ascia monuste orseis Latr. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Diaphania hyalinata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and Solenopsis saevissima (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The mortality range observed for some derivatives, such as 3‐(3‐methylbenzyl)furan‐2‐yl N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethyldiamidophosphate (82.5% mortality against D. hyalinata; 100% mortality against S. saevissima), was comparable with that of the commercial insecticide chlorpyrifos‐methyl. The biological activity of the derivatives depended on the substitution pattern of the benzylic ring. Furan‐2‐yl N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethyldiamidophosphate, furan‐2‐yl N,N‐diethylamidochlorophosphate and difuran‐2‐yl N,N‐diethylamidophosphate were also evaluated, displaying, in some cases, activity comparable with that of chlorpyrifos‐methyl (90%, 100% and 97.5% respectively against A. monuste orseis). Considerable activity was observed for some furan‐2(5H)‐ones evaluated.CONCLUSION: Ten 3‐benzylfuran‐2‐yl N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethyldiamidophosphate derivatives were synthesized and fully characterized from a chemical point of view. The results obtained from the biological assays indicate that this class of compounds can be utilized for the design of new substances endowed with insecticidal activity. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of extratropical transition on the downstream flow: An idealized modelling study with a straight jet
Authors: Riemer Michael , Jones Sarah C. , Davis Christopher A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe interaction of a tropical cyclone undergoing extratropical transition (ET) with the midlatitude synoptic‐scale flow is investigated using full‐physics numerical experiments with idealized initial conditions. The emphasis is on the impact on the midlatitude flow downstream of the ET event. The midlatitude flow is represented by a balanced straight jet stream. As the tropical cyclone approaches the jet, a ridge–trough couplet and a distinct jet streak form in the upper‐level flow. A midlatitude cyclone develops rapidly downstream of the ET system and the further evolution is characterized by downstream baroclinic development.Based on Hovmöller diagrams, the upper‐level development is interpreted as the excitation and subsequent dispersion of a Rossby wave train on the potential vorticity gradient associated with the jet. The characteristics of this wave train are sensitive to the structure of the jet and to moist processes in the midlatitudes. The tropical cyclone undergoing ET acts as a sustained forcing for the wave train and the structure of the ET system impacts the development most significantly one to two wavelengths downstream of ET.Piecewise inversion of potential vorticity, complemented by the partitioning of the flow into its rotational and divergent parts, is applied to assess the impact of the ET system quantitatively. Both the cyclonic circulation and the outflow of the tropical cyclone are important contributors to the formation and amplification of the ridge–trough couplet. The outflow anomaly reduces the eastward motion of the ridge–trough couplet significantly and thus promotes phase‐locking between the tropical cyclone and the upper‐level pattern. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society