bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 269: Promoting Access to Vascular Neurology Services in Underserved Areas of Africa
Authors: UWISHEMA Olivier 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Stroke is the most common manifestation of cerebrovascular disease, which requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. As one of the most prevalent causes of death, the third‐major source of illness, and the primary cause of long‐term disability, it is regarded as one of the most significant global health issues. To reduce the rising death and disability due to stroke in Africa, adequate vascular neurology services are crucial. There is little available data on how these services are accessed in African nations. The aim of this study is to outline the underlying reasons for Africa's lack of vascular neurology services as well as the measures required to improve access.

Methods
Data were collected by reviewing the literature from publications published between the years 2016 – 2023 from online databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and the World Health Organization website.

Results
Africa currently has some of the highest stroke indices in the world. Stroke is one of the major causes of dementia, disability, and mortality worldwide. The rise in the prevalence of stroke has been attributed to the shortage of vascular neurology services in underdeveloped African nations. Numerous initiatives have been initiated to expand access to these services in particular settings due to the various circumstances that have contributed to their restricted availability; nonetheless, more stroke care policies need to be implemented on a larger scale in order to improve outcomes.

Conclusion
In particular, for underserved areas, this study gives an overview of the difficulties and opportunities related to the availability of vascular neurology services in Africa. Although the accessibility of these services is still below the necessary levels, legislators, medical experts, and international organizations may collaborate to improve access and outcomes.
Abstract 271: The Artificial Intelligence Revolution in Stroke Care: A Decade of Scientific Evidence in Review
Authors: Naamani Kareem El , Musmar Basel , Gupta Nithin , Ikhdour Osama , Abdelrazaq Hamam , Ghanem Marc , M Wali , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Gooch Michael , Rosenwasser Robert , Jabbour Pascal , Herial Nabeel 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical medicine is ever‐increasing and in time‐dependent, tissue‐based evaluation and treatment of ischemic stroke, AI is clearly proving its utility. In the past decade, scientific publications evaluating the use of AI in stroke care have increased exponentially and information on level of evidence is limited.We aim to systematically review the use of AI in different areas of stroke care, evaluate the level of evidence, and demonstrate the trend of scientific publications in the past decade.

Methods
A systematic search of electronic scientific databases from 2013 to 2022 was conducted with inclusion of published studies that incorporated AI in all areas of stroke care: prevention, diagnosis, acute care and rehabilitation. Studies published in languages other than English, not directly relevant to stroke care and AI, and any duplicate studies were excluded.

Results
Our study comprised of 623 studies divided into 101 (16.2%) review studies, 9 (1.4%) meta‐analyses, 140 (22.5%) methodology articles, 2 (0.3%) case reports, 2 (0.3%) case series, 31 (5%) case‐control studies, 277 (44.5%) cohort studies, 16 (2.6%) cross‐sectional studies, and 45 (7.2%) experimental studies. Role of AI in stroke diagnosis was the most frequently explored areas in the published literature (n=275, 44.1%). Our trend analysis showed that the number of studies focusing on AI in stroke significantly increased in the past decade from 1 study in 2012 to 242 studies in 2022 (p=0.0001).

Conclusion
Majority research focused on role of AI in stroke diagnosis and rehabilitation with more data and input needed in stroke treatment. Although several articles demonstrate AI’s precision and efficacy, utility across the spectrum of stroke care remains to be seen.
Abstract 272: Effect of Level of Education on Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Rodriguez Wilson , Kaur Gunjanpreet , Narayanan Karthik , Chen Yongzhen , Gao Xiaoyi , Scott Jordan , Esechie Aimalohi , Christopher Kara , Miremadi Brian 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Multiple epidemiological studies have investigated the association between stroke clinical outcomes and education level. However, the relationship between the level of education in patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is limited. We aim to assess if the level of education is associated with poor functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of ≥3, in patients following MT.

Methods
We reviewed 257 patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) who underwent MT between 2018 and June 2023, education levels were available on 106 patients. Education level was defined as “less than high school” (n=15, 14.2%), “high school” (n=54, 50.9%), and “college or higher” (n=36, 34%), 1 of these with “other” education level was excluded from the analysis. Chi‐square and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to examine potential differences in education level and outcomes. All analyses were conducted in IBM SPSS Statistics version 29.

Results
Compared to those with a college or higher education, those with a less than high school education were more likely to have a poor functional outcome (mRS ≥3) at 90 days. (p=0.03). Black patients were more likely to have a less than high school education than white patients (30.0% vs 4.8%) p<0.001. There were no significant differences in mortality, length of hospitalization, comorbid conditions, Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS), or initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).

Conclusion
In our cohort, patients with less than a high school education are more likely to have poorer functional outcomes 90 days post‐MT compared with patients with a college education or higher. Interestingly, there was no significant statistical difference noted in initial NIHSS, ASPECTS, and length of hospitalization between these cohorts. Larger post‐thrombectomy cohorts should be used to further investigate these initial results. In addition, it is important to note that education and race are intertwined in this study, though our relatively small sample of post‐thrombectomy patients limited our analyses. Future research should evaluate this relationship further.
Abstract 273: Exploring trends in LVO EVT treatment of fringe patients by race
Authors: Abdelkhaleq Rania 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Following the publication of the randomized clinical trials in 2015 and 2018 on endovascular stroke therapy (EVT), procedural utilization has increased. Guidelines have since been developed and followed regarding cut‐offs for patient treatment eligibility. Here, we explore the trends in EVT treatment of patients categorized as “fringe” patients by race.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis using the SVIN Registry with records from 2010 to 2021. This dataset includes all LVO AIS patients that underwent EVT. Patients were categorized as “fringe” or “non‐fringe” based on NIHSS (<6), ASPECTS (<6), pMRS (>1), proximal vs distal occlusion, last known well to arrival time (>24 hours), and age (>85). Fringe cutoffs were determined using typical guidelines. Outcomes were compared between White patients and Black/African American patients to determine trends in treating fringe patients with EVT. Chi‐squared analyses were utilized for outcomes.

Results
Among the 7,018 patients 4,791 patients were White and 1,821 patients were black. Median age was 69 (IQR: 58‐79). Median NIHSS was 17 (IQR: 11‐22). Focusing on the White and Black/AA patient population, a greater percentage of LVO patients that underwent EVT and were considered “fringe” were Black/AA patients (66% vs 71%). We also found that there are significant differences among these fringe categories categories: age, (20% vs 7.9%, p<0.001 white vs black), proximal occlusion (52% vs 58%, p<0.001, white vs black), and of having sICH (4.2% vs 2.8% p=0.03 white vs black). Comparing fringe categories between races, White patients were more likely to be >85 years of age, have a distal occlusion, and have sICH than Black/AA patients. Of note, while there was not a significant difference in last known well to CSC arrival times between the race groups, White patients were more likely to receive tPA (37% vs 30%, p<0.001, White vs Black/AA).

Conclusion
These findings indicate that there may be a presence of racial bias in treatment decision‐ making that should be further explored. Further, there is proof that indications for EVT interventions are being expanded past guidelines in order to provide treatment for a wider range of patients.
Abstract 276: CT versus MR based imaging for ischemic stroke triage: effect on workflow during contrast shortage
Authors: Fakih Rami 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
We assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as a substitute for computed tomography (CT) angiography and perfusion for triaging ischemic stroke patients during the national shortage of iodinated contrast medium between May 4th to July 17th 2022.

Methods
We compared the rates of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), changes in treatment times, and patient outcomes (defined by modified Rankin Scores (mRS) at discharge) before (4 months period) and after (3 months period) transitioning from CT angiography (CTA) and perfusion (CTP) to Fast MRI imaging.

Results
We analyzed 241 patients in the CT‐based group and 166 patients in the MR‐based group. EVT was performed on almost twice as many patients in the CTA/CTP group (12%) compared to the Fast MRI group (6.6%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.07). Workflow processing time showed no significant difference, with similar time intervals for door‐to‐needle, door‐to‐interventioanal radiology suite, door‐to‐puncture, and door‐to‐first pass. However, the CTA/CTP group exhibited a trend towards faster overall times. Both groups had similar rates of mRS 0‐2 at discharge (41.9% vs 43%, p=0.82).

Conclusion
We observed a non‐significant reduction in the rate of EVT during the period of MRI substitution secondary to the iodinated contrast medium shortage, although treatment times and patient outcomes were similar.
Abstract 280: Risk Factors in 90day Ischemic Stroke Readmissions
Authors: Song Shlee S. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
The purpose of this study is to conduct a retrospective Medicare Fee‐For‐Service medical claims analysis to identify risk factors associated with 30‐day and 90‐day readmissions in ischemic stroke patients.

Methods
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services(CMS) Standard Analytic File(SAF) Limited Data Set(LDS) 100% Inpatient, Outpatient and Denominator files 2017‐2019 and ICD‐10‐CM diagnosis codes were used to identify ischemic stroke. Study Population includes all patients with an ischemic stroke inpatient admission in 2018 and were continuously enrolled with Medicare FFS for 1 year prior to and following their initial 2018 stroke admission. Factors considered in analysis include patient age, sex, geographic region, Medicaid dual eligibility, disability status prior to age 65, comorbidities, admission length of stay, discharge disposition, and hospital characteristics. Comorbidities were identified based on ICD‐10 codes on health claims for the full‐year preceding stroke and up to the index stroke hospitalization. We compared these factors among patients who were readmitted within 90‐days post initial stroke admission to those who were not admitted to identify risk factors for readmission

Results
Among the 200,058 patients discharged following an ischemic stroke in 2018, 25.9% (n=51,860) had an all‐cause 90‐day readmission. Fewer females and white individuals had a 90‐day readmission (53.5% female and 83.1% white in 90‐day population compared to 54.9% and 82.1% in study population). Discharge disposition of subacute nursing facility (SNF) represents 36.1% of the readmission population compared to 27.8% of the study population and 40.2% of those discharged home, in study population vs 36.0% of the readmission cohort. Characteristics that represent a larger portion of the 90‐day readmission cohort compared to the study population include disabled/ESRD (24.8% vs 20.6%) and dual eligible (26.9% vs 22.4%). Comorbidities with the greatest difference in prevalence between the 90‐day readmit and non‐readmit cohorts are coronary cardiac disease (60.48% prevalence in readmit cohort vs 52.62% in non‐readmit cohort), heart failure (37.85% vs 29.24%, diabetes 48.31% vs 42.08%), atrial fibrillation (40.45% vs 36.67%), and chronic kidney disease (39.82% vs 31.23%). In multivariate regression analysis, the factors independently associated with a greater risk of readmission within 90 days were hypercoagulation (1.359 [95%CI, 1.1274‐1.45]), opiod abuse and dependence (1.353 [95%CI, 1.238‐1.478]), chronic kidney disease (1.347 [95%CI, 1.316‐1.379]), liver disease (1.318 [95% CI, 1.26‐1.378]), and heart failure (1.282 [95%CI, 1.25‐1.315]).

Conclusion
Patient discharge disposition and comorbidities are driving factors in 90‐day readmissions following an ischemic stroke and differ from 30‐day readmissions. Idenfification of these risk factors will help inform the next phase of analysis to design data driven interventions to work towards reducing a large driver of healthcare cost.
Mapping the Viewer Experience in Cinematic Virtual Reality: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yu Zhiyuan , Lo Cheng-Hung 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the creative media landscape has witnessed growing interests surrounding the utilization of virtual reality (VR) as a novel visual narrative approach for both filmmakers and audiences. This trend is accompanied by an increase in studies aimed at scientifically examining the characteristics and principles of immersive visual storytelling. This paper intends to contribute to this growing field by offering a comprehensive review on the current research development in cinematic virtual reality (CVR), which employs VR technology to produce immersive, cinematic experiences for audiences. While extant research has focused on the content generation techniques and human performance implicated in virtual environments, such investigations may not fully explain the medium adaptation differences or emotional dimensions of narrated immersive experiences. These aspects are especially crucial in the context of visual storytelling through VR film, 360-degree video production, or other narrated experiences. The proposed study systematically categorizes CVR-related research, revealing the field's current state by narrowing the focus to specific topics and themes within CVR literature and highlighting key subdomains of interest centered on viewers’ experience measurement techniques. The findings of this review are expected to establish formal categories for implementing visual CVR to achieve immersive visual storytelling and provide a comprehensive analysis of current viewer experience measurements.
Rebels, Revolutionaries, Returnees: Palestinian Women’s Cinema as World Cinema
Authors: Trbic Boris 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Grounded in Patricia White’s theorization of women’s cinema as world cinema, this article discusses select feature, documentary, and short films of two contemporary Palestinian women filmmakers, Najwa Najjar and Annemarie Jacir. Identifying the transformative and emancipatory processes within Palestinian society and the new Palestinian narratives of return as key elements in their films, this article concentrates on their contribution to the aesthetics and politics of Palestinian cinema. White’s theoretical framework allows for the analysis of the feminist and postcolonial concerns of Palestinian women filmmakers, their engagement with the minor form, and the place of their films within global production and distribution contexts. Taking into account the new responsiveness of Palestinian and global audiences, it also allows for the discussion of their increasingly prominent role in Palestinian cinema and their contribution to the struggle of women filmmakers for better conditions within the film industry.
1. New Directions in the Sierra Norte de Sevilla
Authors: Myers Kathleen Ann 
Published: March 2024

Featuring the case study of Juan Vázquez Morán and his family, this chapter describes
life within the industry of transhumance as well as the incredible dedication and commitment needed to excel in this profession, particularly to ensure ethical practices. It depicts transhumance, the seasonal movement of herd animals, as an extensive grazing model undergoing a (not entirely voluntary) process of modernization. Morán and other shepherds now own their livestock, and their family members look for other ways to develop markets for their products. He talks of the hardships and prejudice of growing up in a shepherding family but also of the heart-warming solidarity that can be found within this community. The chapter provides insights into communication between shepherds and their sheep or goats and into ethical milking practices. While highlighting the challenges of traditional pastoralism, this chapter also comments on the growing hope amongst workers as the profession develops and a larger system of support emerges. This chapter concludes with an update on Juan’s life and profession following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) in Support of Next-Generation NOAA Satellite Constellation
Authors: Cucurull Lidia , Anthes Richard A. , Casey Sean P. F. , Mueller Michael J. , Vidal Andres 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Between 2014 and 2018, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration conducted the NOAA Satellite Observing System Architecture (NSOSA) study to plan for the next generation of operational environmental satellites. The study generated some important questions that could be addressed by observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). This paper describes a series of OSSEs in which benefits to numerical weather prediction from existing observing systems are combined with enhancements from potential future capabilities. Assessments include the relative value of the quantity of different types of thermodynamic soundings for global numerical weather applications. We compare the relative impact of several sounding configuration scenarios for infrared (IR), microwave (MW), and radio occultation (RO) observing capabilities. The main results are 1) increasing the revisit rate for satellite radiance soundings produces the largest benefits but at a significant cost by requiring an increase in the number of polar-orbiting satellites from 2 to 12; 2) a large positive impact is found when the number of RO soundings per day is increased well beyond current values and other observations are held at current levels of performance; 3) RO can be used as a mitigation strategy for lower MW/IR sounding revisit rates, particularly in the tropics; and 4) smaller benefits result from increasing the horizontal resolution along the track of the satellites of MW/IR satellite radiances. Furthermore, disaggregating IR and MW instruments into six evenly distributed sun-synchronous orbits is slightly more beneficial than when the same instruments are combined and collocated on three separate orbits.
Spatial Clustering of Malnutrition and Anemia Among Reproductive Women and Its Associated Risk Factors in India: Evidence From National Family Health Survey-5
Authors: Ghosh Koustav , Chakraborty Atreyee Sinha , Haloi Banashri , Zakir Sofia 
Published: March 2024

Background: Malnutrition and anemia are 2 severe public health concerns, predominantly in low-and middle-income nations. Malnutrition is defined as poor nutritional condition that encompasses both under nutrition and over nutrition. The prevalence of overweight or obesity and anemia has increased in India from 2016 to 2021. The study aims to investigate the spatial clustering and factors responsible for underweight, overweight/obesity, and anemia among reproductive women (15-49 years) in India using the data from National Family and Health Survey-5 (2019-2021). Methods: We conducted hot-spot analysis using Moran’s Index (MI) with the help of spatial analysis software (i.e., GeoDa 1.18 and ArcGIS 10.8). It also demonstrates the autocorrelation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis has been performed to examine different determinants and risk associated with underweight, overweight/obesity, and anemia with various dependent variable by using Stata-14 software. Results: Moran’s Index for underweight (MI = 0.68), overweight/obesity (MI = 0.72), and anemia (MI = 0.62) indicates a high level of spatial-autocorrelation ( P < .001) exists across the districts in India. As a result, a total of 156, 143, and 126 hot-spot districts are detected for underweight, overweight/obesity, and anemia, respectively. The burden of undernutrition and anemia is higher in rural areas. Risk of under nutrition and anemia are both reduced by media exposure and eating habits. Moreover, low income and low education level raises the risk of anemia and undernutrition, while obesity shows an inverse trend with income and education level. Conclusion: The study recommends targeting hot-spot districts for malnutrition and anemia, and policy level initiatives by addressing the responsible risk factors.
Experimental and numerical investigation of scale model used in the development of a spent nuclear fuel transport cask
Authors: Lan Tianbao , Dong JiaoJiao , Sheng Feng 
Published: March 2024

To investigate the dynamic response and validate the structural integrity of a spent fuel transportation cask under the 9 m drop condition, a 1/3 scale model was utilized in a 9 m side drop test, considering the constraints of development cost and test facilities. The relationship between the response variables of the scaled model and the prototype model is obtained by Π theorem under impact drop conditions. The influencing parameters for the scale model of spent fuel transport cask drop were systematically discussed. Several numerical models of varying scales are used for verification. Finally, the 9 m drop test of the 1/3 scale model was conducted to compare the acceleration response and deformation of the 1/3 scale numerical model. The study concludes that the acceleration and deformation of the numerical model closely match the test results, and the numerical model of the prototype model represents the dynamic response of the prototype model. Furthermore, the study examined the reflections of the scale model in comparison to the real model, taking into account the dispersity of wood material and strain rate. The analysis and conclusions can be applied in engineering practice and can inspire subsequent cask designs, especially for a scaled model.