bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in the female population of Guatemala
Authors: Vallès Xavier , Murga Gladys Beatriz , Hernández Gabriela , Sabidó Meritxell , Chuy Alejandro , Lloveras Belén , Alameda Francesc , de San José Sílvia , Bosch Francesc Xavier , Pedroza Isabel , Castellsagué Xavier , Casabona Jordi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe potential introduction of the newly licensed HPV‐vaccines at affordable prices could play a central role in preventing cervical cancer in middle and low‐income countries, where most of the cases occur. In spite of this, basic epidemiological data about HPV and HPV‐related lesions are still scarce. To determine the prevalence of cervical abnormalities, HPV prevalence, genotype distribution and related risk factors, we carried out a cross‐sectional study in a population from Guatemala that included 297 women from the general population (GP women) and 297 sex workers (SW). All participating women were interviewed and underwent a complete gynecological examination that included collection of cervical cells for cytological diagnosis, HPV DNA detection and typing by PCR methods. Cervical HPV DNA prevalence among GP women and from SW was 38.1% (95% CI: 32.5–43.8) and 67.3% (95% CI: 61.7–72.6), respectively. The prevalence of abnormal cytology among GP women was 7.7% (ASCUS = 1.4%, LSIL = 4.7%, ASC‐H = 0.3% and HSIL = 1.4%) and among SW was 21.6% (ASCUS = 7.5%, LSIL = 10.6%, ASC‐H = 1.4% and HSIL = 2.1%). The most prevalent HPV types among women with normal cytology were HPVs 51 (n = 30), 66 (n = 25) and 16 (n = 25), and among women with HSIL or ASC‐H (n = 14) HPVs 58 (n = 5) and 16 (n = 5). Determinants associated with HPV DNA detection were having had an occasional partner during the last 6 months and smoking habit among GP women, and being a minor among SW. HPV and abnormal cytology prevalence is high among women in Guatemala. The introduction of a HPV vaccination program would prevent an important fraction of HPV‐related disease burden. © 2009 UICC
Design of a multiphase osteochondral scaffold. II. Fabrication of a mineralized collagen–glycosaminoglycan scaffold
Authors: Harley Brendan A. , Lynn Andrew K. , Wissner‐Gross Zachary , Bonfield William , Yannas Ioannis V. , Gibson Lorna J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper is the second in a series of papers describing the design and development of an osteochondral scaffold using collagen–glycosaminoglycan and calcium phosphate technologies engineered for the regenerative repair of articular cartilage defects. The previous paper described a technology (concurrent mapping) for systematic variation and control of the chemical composition of triple coprecipitated collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and calcium phosphate (CGCaP) nanocomposites without using titrants. This paper describes (1) fabricating porous, three‐dimensional scaffolds from the CGCaP suspensions, (2) characterizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of such scaffolds, and (3) modifying the calcium phosphate mineral phase. The methods build on the previously demonstrated ability to vary the composition of a CGCaP suspension (calcium phosphate mass fraction between 0 and 80 wt %) and enable the production of scaffolds whose pore architecture (mean pore size: 50–1000 μm), CaP phase chemistry (brushite, octacalcium phosphate, apatite) and crosslinking density (therefore mechanical properties and degradation rate) can be independently controlled. The scaffolds described in this paper combine the desirable biochemical properties and pore architecture of porous collagen–glycosaminoglycan scaffolds with the strength and direct bone‐bonding properties of calcium phosphate biomaterials in a manner that can be tailored to meet the demands of a range of applications in orthopedics and regenerative medicine. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Rapid screening, in vitro study of metal oxide and polymer hybrids as delivery coatings for improved soft‐tissue integration of implants
Authors: Jarrell John D. , Dolly Brandon , Morgan Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMetal‐organic chemistry allows for molecular mixing and creation of a range of submicron phase‐separated structures from normally brittle metal oxides and flexible polymers with improved bioactivity and delivery properties. In this study, we used a high throughput platform to investigate the influence of organic metal oxide doping of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings on cellular bioactivity and controlled release of vanadium compared with titanium oxide coatings without additional PDMS. Metal‐organic‐derived titanium and or vanadium was doped into PDMS and used to form a coating on the bottom of cell culture microplates in the absence of added water, acids, or bases. These hybrid coatings were rapidly screened to establish how titanium and vanadium concentration influences cell proliferation, adhesion, and morphology. We demonstrate that titanium doping of PDMS can be used to improve cell proliferation and adhesion, and that vanadium doping caused a biphasic dose response in proliferation. A 28‐day vanadium and titanium elution study indicated that titanium was not released, but the presence of PDMS in coatings increased delivery rates of vanadium compared with titania coatings without polymer. Hybrid coatings of titanium‐doped polymers have potential for improving wound healing dynamics, soft‐tissue integration of medical implants, and use as controlled delivery vehicles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Identification of tubulins as substrates of serine protease HtrA1 by mixture‐based oriented peptide library screening
Authors: Chien Jeremy , He Xiaoping , Shridhar Viji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSerine protease HtrA1 belongs to a family of chymotrypsin‐like proteases that were first identified in bacteria and later in mammalian systems. These proteases were identified as components of protein quality control in prokaryotic systems and as regulators of diverse signaling pathways in mammalian systems. In particular, HtrA1 is implicated in trophoblast cell migration and invasion, tumor progression, chemotherapy‐induced cytotoxicity, osteoarthritis, age‐related macular degeneration, and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, systematic analysis of its potential substrates in biological system is still lacking. Therefore, we performed a mixture‐based oriented peptide library screening to identify putative substrates of HtrA1. We identified [AEGR]‐[LAGR]‐[IAMLR]‐[TVIAL] as consensus residues for P1 to P4 sites. We identified several putative substrates of HtrA1 involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In this study, we report on the identification of tubulins as potential substrates of HtrA1, and validated tubulins as in vitro and intracellular substrates of HtrA1. These results provide initial insights into substrate identification and functional characterization of HtrA1 in pathogenesis of various diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 253–263, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of mediator immobilization on the electrochemically assisted microbial dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) and cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE)
Authors: Aulenta Federico , Canosa Andrea , Roma Luigi De , Reale Priscilla , Panero Stefania , Rossetti Simona , Majone Mauro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: A bioelectrochemical process for trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination was developed. In this new process, a solid‐state electrode polarized to −450 mV versus the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), in combination with a redox mediator (i.e., methyl viologen, MV) is employed as an electron donor for the microbial reductive dechlorination of TCE. In this study we compared the performance of the process with the redox mediator immobilized at the surface of electrodes or dissolved in the bulk liquid, using both a culture highly enriched in Desulfitobacterium spp., capable of dechlorinating TCE to cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE), and a culture highly enriched in Dehalococcoides spp. capable of dechlorinating cis‐DCE to ethene.RESULTS: Short‐term potentiostatic (−450 mV versus SHE) experiments showed that TCE or cis‐DCE was dechlorinated both in the presence of soluble (500 µmol L−1) and immobilized MV. However, TCE or cis‐DCE dechlorination rates with MV‐modified electrodes were remarkably lower than with soluble MV. Both cultures produced significant amounts of H2 in the presence of electrically reduced, soluble MV, whereas no H2 was produced when the mediator was immobilized at the electrode surface, regardless of the potential applied to the electrode, in the range −425 to −500 mV versus SHE.CONCLUSIONS: The process, operated with modified electrodes, supports the microbial dechlorination of TCE to ethene. Immobilization not only allows retention of the mediator within the system, but also increases process efficiency by preventing bioelectrochemical H2 formation. On the other hand, strategies to increase dechlorination rates with modified electrodes need to be developed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Sulphate bioreduction for the treatment of polluted waters: solid versus liquid organic substrates
Authors: Viggi Carolina Cruz , Pagnanelli Francesca , Toro Luigi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: In this study a comparison between two continuously operating fixed‐bed column systems was performed in order to select the best operating conditions in terms of organic sources for sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). The first column system (solid substrate, SS) was filled with a solid reactive mixture containing the organic matter necessary for SRB growth, while the second one (liquid substrate, LS) was filled with inert material and continuously fed by ethanol.RESULTS: In the SS column 50 ± 10% sulphate abatement was reached at steady state, while metals were totally removed. Blank tests showed that biosorption was mainly responsible for both sulphate and metal removal. In the LS column, sulphate abatement was 70 ± 10% at steady state against 10 ± 5% of an identical column without inoculum (blank liquid substrate, BLS). Comparison with BLS showed that the main mechanism operating in this system was bioprecipitation. Estimated degradation rate constants for both SS and LS columns indicate similar performances (0.008 ± 0.001 and 0.0085 ± 0.0005 d−1 for SS and LS, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: LS column systems offer a valid alternative to conventional SS systems, avoiding the use of potentially harmful wastes as organic sources for SRB metabolism. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Pediatric hospitalists: Training, current practice, and career goals
Authors: Freed Gary L. , Dunham Kelly M. ,   Research Advisory Committee of the American Board of Pediatrics
Published: March 2009

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To determine the range and frequency of experiences, clinical and nonclinical roles, training, work expectations, and career plans of practicing pediatric hospitalists.DESIGN:Mail survey study of a national sample of 530 pediatric hospitalists of whom 67% (N = 338) were from teaching hospitals, 71% (N = 374) were from children's hospitals, 43% (N = 230) were from freestanding children's hospitals, and 69% (N = 354) were from hospitals with ≥250 beds.RESULTS:The response rate was 84%. The majority (54%; N = 211) had been practicing as hospitalists for at least 3 years. Most reported that the pediatric inpatient unit (94%) and inpatient consultation service (51%) were a part of their regular clinical assignment. Most did not provide service in the normal newborn nursery (58%), subspecialty inpatient service (52%), transports (85%), outpatient clinics (66%), or as part of an emergency response team (53%). Many participated in quality improvement (QI) initiatives (84%) and practice guideline development (81%).CONCLUSIONS:This study provides the most comprehensive information available regarding the clinical and nonclinical roles, training, work expectations, and career plans of pediatric hospitalists. However, the field is currently a moving target; there is significant flux in the hospitalist workforce and variation in the roles of these professionals in their clinical and nonclinical work environment. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:179–186. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Soluble mediators from human neural stem cells play a critical role in suppression of T‐cell activation and proliferation
Authors: Kim Su‐Young , Cho Hyoung‐Soo , Yang Seung‐Ha , Shin Jin‐Young , Kim Jung‐Sik , Lee Soon‐Tae , Chu Kon , Roh Jae‐Kyu , Kim Seung U. , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHuman neural stem cells (hNSCs) can control inflammation in the central nervous system, although the underlying mechanisms are not understood fully. We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of hNSCs on human T cells and the underlying mechanisms. Culture supernatant from an immortalized hNSC cell line, HB1.F3, which has a therapeutic effect on acute stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, suppressed the proliferation of allogeneically or mitogenically stimulated human peripheral T cells, including the CD3+CD103+ subpopulation. CFSE labeling and flow cytometry showed that the suppression of proliferation was caused by cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. The lack of significant change in caspase‐8 levels and the significant reduction in Bcl‐2 expression in the affected T cells suggest that the intrinsic pathway plays a major role in soluble‐factor‐mediated T‐cell apoptosis. The addition of culture supernatant from hNSCs to activated T cells reduced the expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD25 at 24 hr after activation, but at 48 hr only CD69 was down‐regulated. A cytometry bead assay showed that the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐2 decreased significantly, whereas that of IL‐4, IL‐10, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interferon‐γ increased. These results show that hNSCs can negatively affect human peripheral T cells by suppressing their activation and proliferation through soluble mediators, suggesting that hNSCs have a bystander immunomodulatory effect on T cells. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotrophic effect of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone on neurite extension and neuronal migration of embryonic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone neurons in chick olfactory nerve bundle culture
Authors: Kanaho Yoh‐Ichiro , Enomoto Masahiro , Endo Daisuke , Maehiro Sayaka , Park Min Kyun , Murakami Shizuko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHypothalamic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons play a pivotal role in regulating the reproductive function of vertebrates. These neurons are known to originate in the olfactory placode and migrate along olfactory‐related axons to reach the forebrain during embryonic development. Although GnRH is suggested to be secreted during such migration, its physiological significance is unknown. This point is difficult to explore in vivo because recent studies suggest that GnRH is an important factor for normal brain development and that modification of the embryonic GnRH system by exogenous GnRH analogue or genetic methods would result in dysgenesis of the brain. Therefore, to study the role of GnRH in the migratory process of GnRH neurons, we established an in vitro chick embryonic olfactory nerve bundle explant model. Embryonic day 7.5–8 olfactory nerve bundles were cultured in a mixture of Matrigel and collagen gel. At day 3 of culture, GnRH neurons extended their unbranched neurites and migrated out from both edges of the explant. The nature of neurite extension and migratory behavior of GnRH neurons was well maintained in the gel containing 25% Matrigel and 50% collagen. With this culture system, we examined the effect of GnRH on the migrating GnRH neurons. Cetrorelix, a GnRH antagonist, was found to inhibit significantly neurite growth and neuronal migration of GnRH neurons, the effects of which were repressed by the addition of chicken GnRH‐I. These results suggest that GnRH functions as one of the regulating factors of GnRH neuronal development by promoting neurite extension and neuronal migration. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Density of cerebellar basket and stellate cells in autism: Evidence for a late developmental loss of Purkinje cells
Authors: Whitney Elizabeth R. , Kemper Thomas L. , Rosene Douglas L. , Bauman Margaret L. , Blatt Gene J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlterations in the cerebellum have been described as a neuropathological feature of autism. Although numerous studies have focused on the Purkinje cell (PC), the projection neuron of the cerebellar cortex, PC function is critically dependent on their innervation by the GABAergic basket cells (BCs) and stellate cells (SCs) in the cerebellar molecular layer. The present study was designed to determine whether there are differences in the packing density of these inhibitory interneurons or whether the ratio of these interneurons to PCs differs in autistic and age‐matched control brains. The GABAergic interneurons were identified by using immunohistochemistry for parvalbumin (PV) in serial sections from the posterior cerebellar lobe of six autistic and four control brains and counted using stereological principles. Prior PC counts in the same area on adjacent sections (Whitney et al., 2008) were available and were used to calculate the number of BCs and SCs per PC. In this sample of brains, no statistically significant difference was detected between the autistic and the control groups in the density of BCs or SCs (P = 0.44 and P = 0.84, respectively) or in the number of BCs or SCs per PC (P = 0.47 and P = 0.44, respectively). The preservation of BCs and SCs, in the presence of the reduced PC numbers as found in at least two, and possibly three, of these six autistic cases (Whitney et al., 2008) suggests that PCs were generated, migrated to their proper location in the PC layer, and subsequently died in the autistic cases that showed a reduction in PCs. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct modes of migration position oligodendrocyte precursors for localized cell division in the developing spinal cord
Authors: Tsai Hui‐Hsin , Macklin Wendy B. , Miller Robert H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEstablishment of the cytoarchitecture of the central nervous system reflects the stereotyped cell migration and proliferation of precursor cells during development. In vitro analyses have provided extensive information on the control of proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs), but less is known about the migratory behavior of these cells in vivo. Here we utilize a transgenic mouse line expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the proteolipid protein promoter (PLP‐EGFP mice) to visualize directly the behaviors of OPCs in developing spinal cord slices. During early development, OPCs disperse from their origin at the ventricular zone by using saltatory migration. This involves orientation of the cell with a leading edge toward the pial surface and alternating stationary and fast‐moving phases and dramatic shape changes. Once cells exit the ventricular zone, they exhibit an exploratory mode of migration characterized by persistent translocation without dramatic changes in cell morphology. The control of migration, proliferation, and cytokinesis of OPCs appear to be closely linked. In netrin‐1 mutant spinal cords that lack dispersal cues, OPC migration rates were not significantly different, but the trajectories were altered, and numbers of migrating cells were dramatically reduced. In contrast to DNA replication that occurs at the ventricular zone or throughout the spinal cord neuropil, cell division or cytokinesis of OPCs occurs predominantly at the interface between gray and white matters, with the majority of cleavage planes parallel to the pial surface. These studies suggest that positional cues are critical for regulating OPC behavior during spinal cord development. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The impact of overweight and obesity on public health
Authors: Stanley John C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe global prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing, bringing with it increases in mortality and morbidity from a constellation of diseases or comorbidities. In addition major increases in health care costs can be anticipated. At first sight many of the obesity and overweight comorbidities do not seem to have any common mechanism but the metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome may provide a unifying mechanism for at least some of them. The public health case for addressing this progressive epidemic of overweight and obesity is unanswerable but this will require a solution to the seemingly intractable problem of persuading people to change their lifestyle.
On the almost sure central limit theorem for randomly indexed sums
Authors: Krajka A. , Wasiura J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLet {Sn, n ≥ 1} be partial sums of independent identically distributed random variables. The almost sure version of CLT is generalized on the case of randomly indexed sums {SNn, n ≥ 1}, where {Nn, n ≥ 1} is a sequence of positive integer‐valued random variables independent of {Sn, n ≥ 1}. The affects of nonrandom centering and norming are considered too (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tensor product characterizations of mixed intersections of non quasianalytic classes and kernel theorems
Authors: Schmets Jean , Valdivia Manuel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMixed intersections of non quasi‐analytic classes have been studied in [12]. Here we obtain tensor product representations of these spaces that lead to kernel theorems as well as to tensor product representations of intersections of non quasi‐analytic classes on product of open or of compact sets (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lung and respiratory muscle function in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Stübgen Joerg‐Patrick , Schultz Cedric 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPulmonary dysfunction is not a well‐recognized feature of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and type of pulmonary and respiratory muscle dysfunction in FSHD. Sixteen patients with moderately advanced FSHD and 16 healthy controls were evaluated. Standard lung and respiratory muscle function tests were performed. Diaphragm muscle inspiratory action was evaluated with transdiaphragmatic pressure measurements. Lung function tests showed an increased residual volume in five patients. There was a significant difference in global respiratory muscle function in patients versus controls; weakness was mild, and it affected expiratory more than inspiratory muscles. There was no significant difference in the diaphragm inspiratory action of patients versus controls. The dystrophic process that underlies FSHD did not significantly involve the muscles of the diaphragm, but it caused mild global respiratory muscle weakness that affected expiratory more than inspiratory muscles. It is probably not necessary to routinely monitor respiratory muscle function in ambulant FSHD patients who lack symptoms or signs of respiratory impairment. Muscle Nerve, 2009