bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ECMO in ARDS: a long‐term follow‐up study regarding pulmonary morphology and function and health‐related quality of life
Authors: LINDÉN V. B. , LIDEGRAN M. K. , FRISÉN G. , DAHLGREN P. , FRENCKNER B. P. , LARSEN F. 
Published: February 2009

Background: A high survival rate can be achieved in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The technique and the costs are, however, debated and follow‐up studies in survivors are few. The aim of this study was to evaluate long‐term pulmonary health after ECMO and severe ARDS.Methods: Twenty‐one long‐term survivors of severe ARDS and ECMO were studied in a follow‐up program including high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs, extensive pulmonary function tests, pulmonary scintigraphy and the pulmonary disease‐specific St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).Results: The majority of patients had residual lung parenchymal changes on HRCT suggestive of fibrosis, but the extension of morphologic abnormalities was limited and without the typical anterior localization presumed to indicate ventilator‐associated lung injury. Pulmonary function tests revealed good restitution with mean values in the lower normal range, while T½ for outwash of inhaled isotope was abnormal in all patients consistent with subclinical obstructivity. Most patients had reduced health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), according to the SGRQ, but were stating less respiratory symptoms than conventionally treated ARDS patients in previous studies. The majority were integrated in normal work.Conclusion: The majority of ECMO‐treated ARDS patients have good physical and social functioning. However, lung parenchymal changes on HRCT suggestive of fibrosis and minor pulmonary function abnormalities remain common and can be detected more than 1 year after ECMO. Furthermore, most patients experience a reduction in HRQoL due to the pulmonary sequelae.
Comparison between intubation and the laryngeal mask airway in moderately obese adults
Authors: ZOREMBA M. , AUST H. , EBERHART L. , BRAUNECKER S. , WULF H. 
Published: February 2009

Background: Obesity is a well‐established risk factor for perioperative pulmonary complications. Anaesthetic drugs and the effect of obesity on respiratory mechanics are responsible for these pathophysiological changes, but tracheal intubation with muscle relaxation may also contribute. This study evaluates the influence of airway management, i.e. intubation vs. laryngeal mask airway (LMA), on postoperative lung volumes and arterial oxygen saturation in the early postoperative period.Methods: We prospectively studied 134 moderately obese patients (BMI 30) undergoing minor peripheral surgery. They were randomly assigned to orotracheal intubation or LMA during general anaesthesia with mechanical ventilation. Premedication, general anaesthesia and respiratory settings were standardized. While breathing air, we measured arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry. Inspiratory and expiratory lung function was measured preoperatively (baseline) and at 10 min, 0.5, 2 and 24 h after extubation, with the patient supine, in a 30° head‐up position. The two groups were compared using repeated‐measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t‐test analysis. Statistical significance was considered to be P<0.05.Results: Postoperative pulmonary mechanical function was significantly reduced in both groups compared with preoperative values. However, within the first 24 h, lung function tests and oxygen saturation were significantly better in the LMA group (P<0.001; ANOVA).Conclusions: In moderately obese patients undergoing minor surgery, use of the LMA may be preferable to orotracheal intubation with respect to postoperative saturation and lung function.
Coevolution between crossbills and black pine: the importance of competitors, forest area and resource stability
Authors: BENKMAN C. W. , PARCHMAN T. L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractStudies of predator‐prey interactions have found that geographically structured coevolution has played an important role in the adaptive diversification of crossbills (Loxia spp.). We extend those studies by considering common crossbills (L. curvirostra) in the Mediterranean where they rely on seeds in the cones of black pine (Pinus nigra). On the continent, where tree squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) are present, enhanced defenses against crossbills were most evident in larger areas of pine forest. On islands in the absence of tree squirrels, crossbills and black pine have coevolved in a predator‐prey arms race on Cyprus but not Corsica. In contrast to other conifers that island endemic crossbills rely upon, black pine does not hold seeds in its cones year round. Consequently, key to the strong crossbill–pine interaction on Cyprus is likely the presence of an alternative conifer that provides seeds during early summer when black pine seeds are scarce.
Immunogenic males: a genome‐wide analysis of reproduction and the cost of mating in Drosophila melanogaster females
Authors: INNOCENTI P. , MORROW E. H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn Drosophila melanogaster, mating radically transforms female physiology and behaviour. Post‐mating responses include an increase in the oviposition rate, a reduction in female receptivity and an activation of the immune system. The fitness consequences of mating are similarly dramatic – females must mate once in order to produce fertile eggs, but additional matings have a clear negative effect. Previously, microarrays have been used to examine gene expression of females differing in their reproductive status with the aim of identifying genes influenced by mating. However, as only virgin and single mated females were compared, transcriptional changes associated with reproduction (under natural selection) and male‐induced effects (possibly under sexually antagonistic selection) cannot be disentangled. We partitioned these fundamentally different effects by instead examining the expression profiles of virgin, single mated and double mated females. We found substantial effects relating to reproduction and further effects that are only attributable to mating itself. Immune response genes dominate this male‐induced effect indicating that the cost of mating may be due partly to this system’s activation. We propose that both sexually antagonistic and natural selection have been important in the evolution of the innate immunity genes, thereby contributing to the sexual dimorphism and rapid evolution at these loci.
Monitoring viral incidence rates: tools for the implementation of European Union regulations
Authors: Janssen M. P. , Cator E. A. , Van Der Poel C. L. , Schaasberg W. P. , Bonsel G. J. , Van Hout B. A. 
Published: February 2009

Background and Objectives European legislation requires manufacturers of plasma products to report epidemiological data on human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in donor populations. The incidence rates of such infections are directly related to the risk of infection transmission. We propose two statistical tests to evaluate these incidence rates.Materials and Methods Infection data of the four Dutch blood collection centres from 2003 through 2006 were analysed. For transversal comparison of centres and detection of increased incidence rates, a new statistical test was developed (outlier test). For longitudinal detection of trends in incidence rates, a generic test for trend is proposed. The power and risk of non‐detection are evaluated for both tests.Results Application of the outlier test did not reveal any significantly increased incidence rates among centres in The Netherlands. The test for trend showed no significant increase in incidence rates in individual centres, but on national level a statistically significant increase in hepatitis C virus incidence was observed (P‐value of 0·01).Conclusion The proposed tests allow signalling of outlier centres and trends in incidence rates both at individual centre and at national levels. Graphical support and the use of as much relevant historical data as possible is recommended. The statistical tests described are generic and can be applied by any blood establishment and plasma fractionation institute.
Influence of beach morphodynamics on the bivalve Donax hanleyanus and Mesodesma mactroides populations in Argentina
Authors: Thompson Gustavo A. , Sánchez De Bock Mariana F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFive exposed microtidal sandy beaches of North‐eastern Buenos Aires (Argentina) were analysed to evaluate the influence of coastal dynamics on the abundance of the intertidal clams Donax hanleyanus and Mesodesma mactroides over a 1‐year period. The physical characterisation of each beach was performed using 15 environmental variables and six morphodynamic indices. The population densities of both clam species were estimated by the number of individuals per strip‐transect. Analysis of similarities revealed a significant multivariate environmental difference among beaches, which could be aggregated into a northern and a southern group. The former group was characterised by an intermediate morphodynamic state and by having, in general, high density values for both clam species. The latter was composed of beaches with an intermediate reflective state and showed, in general, low density values. Beach Index and Area showed the lowest temporal variation. Total density values, as well as density values of recruits and adults of D. hanleyanus and M. mactroides did not follow a north–south latitudinal gradient. Spatial and temporal fluctuations of density values were best explained by changes in individual physical variables rather than by changes in composite indices.
Molecular mapping of genic male‐sterile genes ms15, ms5 and ms6 in tetraploid cotton
Authors: Chen D. , Ding Y. , Guo W. , Zhang T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwo genic male sterile (GMS) lines, Lang‐A conditioned by ms15 and Zhongkang‐A conditioned by ms5ms6 duplicate recessive genes in Gossypium hirsutum L., were chosen to map GMS genes. These two lines were crossed with Gossypium barbadense cv. ‘Hai7124’ to produce segregating populations. The ms15 gene was mapped on chromosome 12, and was flanked by two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, NAU2176 and NAU1278, with a genetic distance of 0.8 and 1.9 cM respectively. The ms5 and ms6 genes were mapped to one pair of homoeologous chromosomes, ms5 on chromosome 12 flanked by three SSR markers, NAU3561, NAU2176 and NAU2096, with genetic distances of 1.4, 1.8 and 1.8 cM, respectively, and ms6 on chromosome 26 flanked by two SSR markers, BNL1227 and NAU460, with a genetic distance of 1.4 and 1.7 cM respectively. These tightly linked markers with the ms15, ms5 and ms6 genes can be used in the marker‐assisted selection among segregating populations in a breeding programme, and provide the foundation for gene isolation by map‐based cloning for these three genes.
Combining ability of maize inbred lines containing genes from Zea diploperennis for resistance to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth
Authors: Yallou C. G. , Menkir A. , Adetimirin V. O. , Kling J. G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMaize (Zea mays) is a staple food crop in sub‐Saharan Africa, but its production is threatened by Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Transfer of resistance genes from wild relatives may increase resistance to S. hermonthica in tropical maize. The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability of resistance to S. hermonthica among lines containing Zea diploperennis and tropical germplasm. Forty‐five diallel crosses of 10 inbred lines were evaluated in an alpha‐lattice design with and without artificial Striga infestation at two locations each in the Republic of Benin and Nigeria for 3 years. Results of analyses showed that only general combining ability (GCA) mean square was significant (P = 0.01) for number of emerged Striga plants (NESPP), while both GCA and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were significant for host damage score (HDS) and grain yield under Striga infestation. The ratio of GCA to SCA mean squares for the three traits varied from 3.5 to 57.5. Although GCA × environment interaction was significant for the three traits, two inbred lines containing Z. diploperennis (ZD 551) and tropical (TZL TC 87) germplasm had negative and significant GCA effects for NESPP and HDS and positive GCA effects for grain yield under Striga infestation in the two countries. Correlation between NESPP and HDS was strong and significant (r = 0.87, P = 0.01). Our results highlight the importance of harnessing useful genes from wild relatives to improve resistance to S. hermonthica in adapted maize germplasm.
The barley mutant emr2 shows enhanced resistance against several fungal leaf pathogens
Authors: Jansen M. , Schaffrath U. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHomozygous mlo‐barley plants are resistant to barley powdery mildew but hypersusceptible to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. A mutational analysis was performed in the barley back‐cross line BCIngrid mlo5 which led to the identification of two mutants with enhanced capacity to resist infections by M. oryzae, referred to as enhanced M. oryzae resistance mutants emr1 and emr2. Here, we report on the characterization of emr2 mutant plants which not only show an almost complete reduction in disease severity after inoculation with M. oryzae but are also resistant to the necrotrophic fungi Drechslera teres and Rhynchosporium secalis. Histological analysis revealed that resistance to M. oryzae was based mainly on the formation of papillae at sites of attempted penetration into epidermal cells. There was no progression of fungal growth into the mesophyll. Additionally, because of the presence of the mlo‐allele, emr2‐plants retained resistance to powdery mildew. The emr2‐conditioned broad spectrum resistance was inherited as in a recessive manner. Monitoring of PR‐gene expression and enzymatic activity of peroxidases revealed a constitutively activated defence in emr2.
Molecular breeding for resistance toPhytophthora infestans(Mont.) de Bary in potato (Solanum tuberosumL.): a perspective of cisgenesis
Authors: Park T.‐H. , Vleeshouwers V. G. A. A. , Jacobsen E. , Van Der Vossen E. , Visser R. G. F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLate blight caused byPhytophthora infestansis one of the most devastating diseases in potato cultivation and is mostly controlled by the application of chemicals. However, introduction of combinations of resistance (R) genes conferring broad‐spectrum resistance from wildSolanumspecies into cultivated potatoes is considered the most practical and promising approach to achieve durable resistance. This can be realized via classical breeding or genetic modification (GM). Because classical breeding is very time‐consuming and is often hampered by linkage drag, a GM approach seems logic in this heterozygous and vegetatively propagated crop. During the last decades, manyRgenes have been identified in several wildSolanumspecies. Some have been cloned and more will follow. When these genes are derived from species crossable with cultivated potato (so‐called cisgenes), application in resistance breeding using a GM approach is similar to an introgression breeding approach, in that the exploited genes are indigenous to the crop. Pending deregulation or derogation of cisgenesis, the use of cisgenicRgenes would be an ideal strategy to accomplish durable resistance in potato.
PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS ORIGINATING FROM THE RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT: THREE‐DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE TARGET SITES AND THEIR ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Yu Jian , Yang Bing , Chen Ming‐Long , Chen Hong‐Wu , Ju Wei‐Zhu , Shan Qi‐Jun , Zou Jian‐Gang , Chen Chun , Xu Dong‐Jie , Hou Xiao‐Feng , Cao Ke‐Jiang 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARY

The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) premature ventricular contractions and the three‐dimensional distribution of the target sites.
Thirty‐three consecutive patients were included in the study. The target sites were identified by non‐contact mapping and confirmed by successful ablation. The distribution of the target sites in the three‐dimensional reconstructed geometry of the RVOT was classified in three directions: (i) anterior (A)/posterior (P); (ii) free wall (F)/septal (Se); and (iii) superior (Su)/inferior (I). The ECG characteristics were then analysed according to the three‐dimensional distribution of the target sites.
The following indices were helpful to identify the position of the target site: (i) QRS duration (≥ 150 msec = F; < 150 msec = Se; P < 0.05); (ii) the R wave pattern in the inferior leads (RR′ or Rr′ = F; R = Se; P < 0.05); (iii) the R wave amplitude in the inferior leads (high = Se; low = F; P < 0.05); (iv) the initial r wave width in lead V1 (wide = F; narrow = Se; P < 0.05); (v) the QS wave amplitude in aVR and aVL (if aVR < aVL, A; if aVR ≥ aVL, P; P < 0.05); and (vi) the initial r wave amplitude in lead V1 and V2 (if V1 ≥ 0.15 mV and V2 ≥ 0.3 mV, Su; if V1 < 0.15 mV or V2 < 0.3 mV, I; P < 0.05).
In conclusoin, the ECG characteristics were associated with target site locations in all three directions.
Permo–Triassic Barrovian‐type metamorphism in the ultrahigh‐temperature Kontum Massif, central Vietnam: Constraints on continental collision tectonics in Southeast Asia
Authors: Nakano Nobuhiko , Osanai Yasuhito , Owada Masaaki , Hayasaka Yasutaka , Nam Tran Ngoc 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Kontum Massif in central Vietnam is composed of various metamorphic complexes including a high‐temperature southern part (Kannak and Ngoc Linh complexes) and a low‐ to medium‐temperature northern part (Kham Duc complex). The Kham Duc complex exhibits Barrovian‐type medium‐pressure metamorphism evidenced by kyanite‐ and/or staurolite‐bearing metapelites. The garnet–gedrite–kyanite gneiss, which is the focus of the present study, preserves several mineral parageneses formed during a prograde and retrograde metamorphic history: staurolite + quartz in gedrite, garnet + gedrite + kyanite in the matrix, and spinel + cordierite symplectite between gedrite and sillimanite. The calculated semiquantitative petrogenetic grid reveals peak pressure conditions of 620–650°C at 1.1–1.2 GPa and peak temperature conditions of 730–750°C at 0.7–0.8 GPa. The monazite U–Th–Pb electron microprobe ages of the garnet–gedrite–kyanite gneiss and associated gneisses yield 246 ± 3 Ma for the Kham Duc complex, which is similar to the age of the high‐ to ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism in the adjacent Kannak and Ngoc Linh complexes of the southern Kontum Massif. The present results indicate that both the Barrovian‐type and ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism occurred simultaneously in the Kontum Massif during an event strongly related to Permo–Triassic microcontinental collision tectonics in Asia.
Middle Permian radiolarians from Anmenkou, Chaohu, Northeastern Yangtze platform, China
Authors: Kametaka Masao , Nagai Hiromi , Zhu Sizhao , Takebe Masamichi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe biostratigraphy of the Middle Permian Gufeng Formation in the northeastern Yangtze platform is examined based on radiolarians. This study is concentrated on the Anmenkou section in the Chaohu area of Anhui Province, China. The Gufeng Formation is divided into the Phosphate Nodule‐bearing Mudstone Member (PNMM) and the Siliceous Rock Member (SRM) in ascending order. The former primarily consists of mudstone including abundant phosphate nodules, and the latter consists mainly of alternating beds of chert, siliceous mudstone and mudstone, with intercalations of porous chert. Ammonoids in the mudstone of the lower PNMM are Wordian. Chert, siliceous mudstone and mudstone of the SRM include abundant radiolarians with sponge spicule assemblages suggestive of the Wordian–Capitanian. Albaillellaria are predominant in the lower SRM, while Entactinaria and Spumellaria are predominant in the middle and upper SRM. These radiolarians correspond to three radiolarian assemblage zones:Pseudoalbaillella longtanensis–Pseudoalbaillella fusiformis,Follicucullus monacanthus, andFollicucullus scholasticus–Ruzhencevispongus uralicus. The assemblage of radiolarians and sponge spicule fauna suggests a depositional depth of 150–500 m. The radiolarian fauna of the Gufeng Formation is considered to be representative of the relatively shallow, tropical radiolarian fauna of the Middle Permian eastern Paleotethys.
Lower Permian glacially influenced deposits in Phuket and adjacent islands, peninsular Thailand
Authors: Ampaiwan Tianpan , Hisada Ken‐Ichiro , Charusiri Punya 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt has previously been proposed that the Sibumasu block of Southeast Asia, which contains glaciomarine deposits, became detached from the Gondwana margin during the Early Permian. A combination of facies analysis and the identification of dropstones and dump structures from a Lower Permian diamictite‐bearing sequence at Phuket, Thailand, and adjacent islands suggests that the sediments originated as glaciomarine and debris‐flow deposits. The Lower Permian diamictite‐bearing sequence in the study area corresponds to the Ko Sire and Ko He Formations, both of which consist of three principal lithofacies: diamictite, sandstone, and fine‐grained facies. The low‐lying Ko Sire Formation is up to 400 m thick and is characterized by laminated mudstone; the presence of dropstones and dump structures associated with Cruziana ichnofacies indicates ice‐rafted sedimentation in a glacially influenced offshore area. The Ko Sire Formation is overlain by a diamictite sequence of the Ko He Formation (up to 400 m thick). Poorly and well‐stratified diamictites with tabular and lensoidal geometries, in combination with resedimentation textures, indicate that the diamictites within the Ko He Formation are debris‐flow deposits. The similar lithology of clasts in the diamictites and dropstones possibly suggests that the debris‐flow diamictite was presumably remobilized from pre‐existing glacial deposits. The evidence of a glacially influenced offshore environment supports a previously proposed paleogeographic interpretation in which the Sibumasu block was most likely located at the Northwest Australian margin of Gondwana.
Stress behavior from fault data sets within a transtensional zone, South Central Cordillera, Luzon, Philippines: Implications for mineral occurrences
Authors: Aurelio Mario A. , Galapon Jocelyn B. , Hizon Violet T. , Sadsad Dominic B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe structural signature in the area between the Baguio mineral district and Ansagan, Tuba, Benguet in the South Central Cordillera, northern Luzon, Philippines, is dominated by northeast‐ to ENE‐trending faults, contained within a NNW–SSE‐trending transtensional strip. This 50‐km‐long, 25‐km‐wide elongated tectonic zone is bounded to the west by the Pugo Fault and to the east by the Tebbo Fault, both being branches of the Philippine Fault System. Detailed structural geological (particularly microtectonic) analysis of fracture and mineral vein systems indicates strong conformity with the regional structural direction. Computed extensional stress axis σ3 directions are oriented N150° on average, sub‐parallel to the strike of the bounding faults. The existence of known mineral deposits and prospects within the tectonic strip implies an intimate relationship between transtension and mineral occurrence.