bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a novel mesh design and the sandblasting technique on the bond strength of computer-designed and three-dimension laser printed resin bonded bridges: an in vitro study
Authors: Diab Mariam , Karkoutly Mawia , kanout Shaza , Nassar Jihad Abou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResin-bonded bridges (RBBs) are a minimally invasive and aesthetically pleasing treatment modality. However, their frequent failure has posed challenges for both dental professionals and patients. This necessitates the exploration of innovative strategies to enhance the longevity of RBBs. This study aimed to assess the bond strength of a mesh bridge fabricated using computer-aided design and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in comparison to the traditional aluminum oxide sandblasting method. A total of 48 lower incisors were embedded in acrylic bases according to a standardized computer-generated model to receive 24 metal RBBs. The two groups underwent distinct metal surface treatments: the 3D mesh novel design and sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles sized at 250.00 µm. The bond strength of the bridges was evaluated, and statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test with a significance level set at α = 0.05. The findings revealed a significant difference between the two methods (p < 0.001). The 3D mesh design exhibited a mean bond strength of 387.89 ± 24.15 N, while the sandblasting technique yielded a mean value of 161.46 ± 31.25 N. In summary, the 3D mesh design substantially enhanced the bond strength of RBBs compared to the traditional sandblasting technique.
A machine learning approach for predicting radiation-induced hypothyroidism in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing tomotherapy
Authors: Quan Ke-Run , Lin Wen-Rong , Hong Jia-Biao , Lin Yu-Hao , Chen Kai-Qiang , Chen Ji-Hong , Cheng Pin-Jing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish an integrated predictive model that combines clinical features, DVH, radiomics, and dosiomics features to predict RIHT in patients receiving tomotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Data from 219 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 175) and a test cohort (n = 44) in an 8:2 ratio. RIHT is defined as serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) greater than 5.6 μU/mL, with or without a decrease in free thyroxine (FT4). Clinical features, 27 DVH features, 107 radiomics features and 107 dosiomics features were extracted for each case and included in the model construction. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was used to select the most relevant features. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was then employed to train separate models using the selected features from clinical, DVH, radiomics and dosiomics data. Finally, a combined model incorporating all features was developed. The models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis. In the test cohort, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the clinical, DVH, radiomics, dosiomics and combined models were 0.798 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.656–0.941), 0.673 (0.512–0.834), 0.714 (0.555–0.873), 0.698 (0.530–0.848) and 0.842 (0.724–0.960), respectively. The combined model exhibited higher AUC values compared to other models. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that the combined model had superior clinical utility within the threshold probability range of 1% to 79% when compared to the other models. This study has successfully developed a predictive model that combines multiple features. The performance of the combined model is superior to that of single-feature models, allowing for early prediction of RIHT in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after tomotherapy.
An in vitro CRISPR screen of cell-free DNA identifies apoptosis as the primary mediator of cell-free DNA release
Authors: Davidson Brad. A. , Miranda Adam X. , Reed Sarah C. , Bergman Riley E. , Kemp Justin D. J. , Reddy Anvith P. , Pantone Morgan V. , Fox Ethan K. , Dorand R. Dixon , Hurley Paula J. , Croessmann Sarah , Park Ben Ho 
Published: April 2024

AbtractClinical circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) testing is now routine, however test accuracy remains limited. By understanding the life-cycle of cfDNA, we might identify opportunities to increase test performance. Here, we profile cfDNA release across a 24-cell line panel and utilize a cell-free CRISPR screen (cfCRISPR) to identify mediators of cfDNA release. Our panel outlines two distinct groups of cell lines: one which releases cfDNA fragmented similarly to clinical samples and purported as characteristic of apoptosis, and another which releases larger fragments associated with vesicular or necrotic DNA. Our cfCRISPR screens reveal that genes mediating cfDNA release are primarily involved with apoptosis, but also identify other subsets of genes such as RNA binding proteins as potential regulators of cfDNA release. We observe that both groups of cells lines identified primarily produce cfDNA through apoptosis. These results establish the utility of cfCRISPR, genetically validate apoptosis as a major mediator of DNA release in vitro, and implicate ways to improve cfDNA assays.
Cranial functional specialisation for strength precedes morphological evolution in Oviraptorosauria
Authors: Meade Luke E. , Pittman Michael , Balanoff Amy , Lautenschlager Stephan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOviraptorosaurians were a theropod dinosaur group that reached high diversity in the Late Cretaceous. Within oviraptorosaurians, the later diverging oviraptorids evolved distinctive crania which were extensively pneumatised, short and tall, and had a robust toothless beak, interpreted as providing a powerful bite for their herbivorous to omnivorous diet. The present study explores the ability of oviraptorid crania to resist large mechanical stresses compared with other theropods and where this adaptation originated within oviraptorosaurians. Digital 3D cranial models were constructed for the earliest diverging oviraptorosaurian, Incisivosaurus gauthieri, and three oviraptorids, Citipati osmolskae, Conchoraptor gracilis, and Khaan mckennai. Finite element analyses indicate oviraptorosaurian crania were stronger than those of other herbivorous theropods (Erlikosaurus and Ornithomimus) and were more comparable to the large, carnivorous Allosaurus. The cranial biomechanics of Incisivosaurus align with oviraptorids, indicating an early establishment of distinctive strengthened cranial biomechanics in Oviraptorosauria, even before the highly modified oviraptorid cranial morphology. Bite modelling, using estimated muscle forces, suggests oviraptorid crania may have functioned closer to structural safety limits. Low mechanical stresses around the beaks of oviraptorids suggest a convergently evolved, functionally distinct rhamphotheca, serving as a cropping/feeding tool rather than for stress reduction, when compared with other herbivorous theropods.
Light-driven anisotropy of 2D metal-organic framework single crystal for repeatable optical modulation
Authors: Kenzhebayeva Yuliya A. , Kulachenkov Nikita K. , Rzhevskiy Sergey S. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Efimova Anastasiia , Alekseevskiy Pavel , Gor Gennady Y. , Emelianova Alina , Shipilovskikh Sergei , Yushina Irina D. , Krylov Alexander , Pavlov Dmitry I. , Fedin Vladimir P. , Potapov Andrei S. , Milichko Valentin A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStructural transformations of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) go through a complex energy landscape with multiple intermediate states. Although the transformations allow controlling the functional properties of the MOFs, an imbalance between MOF flexibility and rigidity sets a fundamental barrier to achieving fast and multiple transformations. Here, we study the stimuli-responsive structural transformation in a 2D MOF assembled from paddle-wheel secondary building units joined by a semi-flexible organic ligand with 1,2,4-triazole and carboxylate groups with a rigid adamantane cage between them. The structure results in a distinctive combination of MOF flexibility and rigidity, thus, facilitating a continuous transformation driven by laser light. We reveal the laser-induced anisotropic thermal expansion nature of such transformation, initiating optical changes of the 2D MOF. The latter is utilized for fast and highly repeatable optical modulation of over 10,000 cycles. The endurance of such a 2D MOF-based optical modulator during 1 year of storage at ambient conditions paves the way to design tunable and robust MOFs for diverse applications.
Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period
Authors: Gabriel Imogen , Plunkett Gill , Abbott Peter M. , Behrens Melanie , Burke Andrea , Chellman Nathan , Cook Eliza , Fleitmann Dominik , Hörhold Maria , Hutchison William , McConnell Joseph R. , Óladóttir Bergrún A. , Preiser-Kapeller Johannes , Sliwinski Jakub T. , Sugden Patrick , Twarloh Birthe , Sigl Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExisting global volcanic radiative aerosol forcing estimates portray the period 700 to 1000 as volcanically quiescent, void of major volcanic eruptions. However, this disagrees with proximal Icelandic geological records and regional Greenland ice-core records of sulfate. Here, we use cryptotephra analyses, high-resolution sulfur isotope analyses, and glaciochemical volcanic tracers on an array of Greenland ice cores to characterise volcanic activity and climatically important sulfuric aerosols across the period 700 to 1000. We identify a prolonged episode of volcanic sulfur dioxide emissions (751–940) dominated by Icelandic volcanism, that we term the Icelandic Active Period. This period commences with the Hrafnkatla episode (751–763), which coincided with strong winter cooling anomalies across Europe. This study reveals an important contribution of prolonged volcanic sulfate emissions to the pre-industrial atmospheric aerosol burden, currently not considered in existing forcing estimates, and highlights the need for further research to disentangle their associated climate feedbacks.
Analysis of the effect of cations on protein conformational stability using solid-state nanopores
Authors: Zhu Libo , Wu Hongwen , Xu Zhengyuan , Guo Lanying , Zhao Jinsong 
Published: April 2024

This work studied the cations (Li+ and Na+) effect on the conformational stability of negative charged BSA, and provides a novel analysis method for the conformational changes of proteins in situ.
The composition of Tibetan kefir grain TKG-Y and the antibacterial potential and milk fermentation ability of S. warneri KYS-164 screened from TKG-Y
Authors: Guo Xing , He Yining , Cheng Yifan , Liang Jingyimei , Xu Pandi , He Wenwen , Che Jiayin , Men Jiexing , Yuan Yahong , Yue Tianli 
Published: April 2024

This manuscript studied the microbial composition of kefir grains (TKG-Y) produced by Tibetan herders and screened out S. warneri KYS-164, which can produce bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS), and demonstrated the potential of this strain in dairy fermentation.
Modeling and optimization of networked evolutionary game based on incomplete information with switched topologies
Authors: Gui Yalin , Gao Lixin , Li Zhitao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the realm of evolutionary game theory, the majority of scenarios involve players with incomplete knowledge, specially regarding their opponents' actions and payoffs compounded by the ever‐shifting landscape of players' interactions. These dynamics present formidable challenges in both the analysis and optimization of game evolution. To address this, a novel model named the networked evolutionary game (NEG) is proposed based on incomplete information with switched topologies. This model captures situations where players possess limited insight into their opponents' benefits, yet make decisions based on their own payoffs while adapting to different networks and new players. To bridge the gap between incomplete and complete information games, R. Selten's transformation method is leveraged, a renowned approach that converts an incomplete information game into an interim agent game, thereby establishing the equivalence of pure Nash equilibria (NE) in both scenarios. Employing the semi‐tensor product (STP) of matrices, a powerful tool in logistic system, the evolution of the model is articulated through algebraic relationships. This enables to unravel the patterns of game evolution and identify the corresponding pure Nash equilibria. By introducing control players, strategically positioned within the game, optimized control is facilitated over the evolutionary trajectory, ultimately leading to convergence towards an optimal outcome. Finally, these concepts are illustrated with a practical example within the paper.
Modified interactive multiple model particle filter for terrain referenced navigation with classification error minimisation strategy
Authors: Han Kyung Jun , Park Chan Gook 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe authors propose an innovative solution to address challenges in terrain‐referenced navigation (TRN). The suggested solution is the interactive multiple‐model particle filter with a classification error minimisation strategy (IMM‐CPF) based on decision theory. TRN is a technique that estimates position by comparing measured terrain altitude to the digital elevation model and critically depends on obtaining accurate altitude measurements. However, these measurements can be easily contaminated to not only from sensor errors but also from vegetation effects. The TRN measurement noise model is characterised as a multi‐modal density, and it reveals an overlap between two density functions, with the mixture weight parameter varying based on surface environmental conditions. This variability can potentially degrade estimation accuracy. The proposed approach integrates truncated likelihoods into the mode estimation process to enhance mode estimation capability using a classification error minimisation strategy. The proposed strategy is based on decision theory and has been modified to be suited in the IMMPF form. The effectiveness of the proposed IMM‐CPF method is verified through simulations conducted under diverse surface conditions, demonstrating significant improvements in estimation accuracy compared to conventional algorithms. Furthermore, the significance of this method is presented in terms of computational cost and robustness.
THz spectroscopy on the amino acids L-serine and L-cysteine
Authors: Emmert Sebastian , Lunkenheimer Peter , Loidl Alois 
Published: April 2024

We present a detailed study on the temperature-dependent THz spectra of the polycrystalline amino acids, L-serine and L-cysteine, for wavenumbers from 20 to 120 cm−1 and temperatures from 4 to 300 K. Even though the structure of these two amino acids is very similar, with a sulfur atom in the side chain of cysteine instead of an oxygen atom in serine, the excitation spectra are drastically different. Obviously, the vibrational dynamics strongly depend on the ability of cysteine to form sulfur–hydrogen bonds. In addition, cysteine undergoes an order–disorder type phase transition close to 80 K, documented by additional specific heat experiments, with accompanying anomalies in the THz results. On increasing temperatures, well-defined vibrational excitations exhibit significant shifts in the eigenfrequencies with concomitant line-broadening yielding partly overlapping modes. Interestingly, several modes completely lose all their dipolar strength and are unobservable under ambient conditions. Comparing the recent results to the published work utilizing THz, Raman, and neutron-scattering techniques, as well as with ab initio simulations, we aim at a consistent analysis of the results ascribing certain eigenfrequencies to distinct collective lattice modes. We document that THz spectra can be used to fine-tune the parameters of model calculations and as fingerprint properties of certain amino acids. In addition, we analyzed the low-temperature heat capacity of both the compounds and detected strong excess contributions compared to the canonical Debye behavior of crystalline solids, indicating soft excitations and a strongly enhanced phonon-density of states at low frequencies.
Multiple-time scale integration method based on an interpolated potential energy surface for ab initio path integral molecular dynamics
Authors: Zheng Jingjing , Frisch Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

A new multiple-time scale integration method is presented that propagates ab initio path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD). This method uses a large time step to generate an approximate geometrical configuration whose energy and gradient are evaluated at the level of an ab initio method, and then, a more precise integration scheme, e.g., the Bulirsch–Stoer method or velocity Verlet integration with a smaller time step, is used to integrate from the previous step using the computationally efficient interpolated potential energy surface constructed from two consecutive points. This method makes the integration of PIMD more efficient and accurate compared with the velocity Verlet integration. A Nosé–Hoover chain thermostat combined with this new multiple-time scale method has good energy conservation even with a large time step, which is usually challenging in velocity Verlet integration for PIMD due to the very small chain mass when a large number of beads are used. The new method is used to calculate infrared spectra and free energy profiles to demonstrate its accuracy and capabilities.
Fault diagnosis of drone motors driven by current signal data with few samples
Authors: Chen Guanglin , Li Shaobo , He Qiuchen , Zhou Peng , Zhang Qianfu , Yang Guilin , Lv Dongchao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Multi rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are extensively utilized across various domains, and the motor constitutes a pivotal element in the UAV power system. The majority of UAV failures and crashes stem from motor malfunctions, underscoring the imperative need for comprehensive research on fault diagnosis in UAV motors to ensure the stable and reliable execution of flight tasks. This study focuses on quadrotor UAVs as the research subject and devises targeted fault simulation experiments based on the structural features and operational characteristics of the DC brushless motor used in quadrotor UAVs, specifically examining the stator, rotor, and bearings. To address challenges related to the UAV’s own loads, limited space for redundant parts, and the high cost and difficulty associated with installing sensors for traditional fault diagnostic signals such as vibration and temperature, this study opts to use current signals as a substitute. This approach resolves the issue of challenging data collection for UAVs and investigates a current signal based fault diagnosis method for UAV motors. Lastly, in response to the limited training samples available for fault data due to the UAV’s highly sensitive characteristics regarding the health status of its components and flight stability, traditional machine learning and deep learning methods encounter difficulties in identifying representative features with a small number of training samples, leading to the risk of overfitting and reduced model accuracy in fault diagnosis. To overcome this challenge, we propose a hybrid neural network fault diagnosis model that incorporates a width learning system and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The width learning system eliminates temporal characteristics from the original current signal, capturing more comprehensive and representative sample features in the width feature space. Subsequently, the CNN is employed for feature extraction and classification tasks. In empirical small sample fault diagnosis experiments using current signal data for UAV motors, our proposed model outperforms other models used for comparison.
Correlations for an anisotropic polarized stochastic gravitational wave background in pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Bernardo Reginald Christian , Liu Guo-Chin , Ng Kin-Wang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The recent compelling observation of the nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave
background has brought to light a new galactic arena to test gravity. In this paper, we derive a
formula for the most general expression of the stochastic gravitational wave background
correlation that could be tested with pulsar timing and future square kilometer arrays. Our
expressions extend the harmonic space analysis, also often referred to as the power spectrum
approach, to predict the correlation signatures of an anisotropic polarized stochastic
gravitational wave background with subluminal tensor, vector, and scalar gravitational degrees of
freedom. We present the first few nontrivial anisotropy and polarization signatures in the
correlation and discuss their dependence on the gravitational wave speed and pulsar distances. Our
results set up tests that could potentially be used to rigorously examine the isotropy of the
stochastic gravitational wave background and strengthen the existing constraints on possible
non-Einsteinian polarizations in the nanohertz gravitational wave regime.
Simulation analysis of the entire construction process of the sunflower shaped continuous arch bridge
Authors: Meng Sichao , Zhang Zhanyi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
At present, there is a lot of research on the structural system of the completion stage of the Kuihua arch bridge in China, but there is a lack of research on the risks existing in each stage of the construction of the Kuihua arch bridge. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a full process simulation analysis of the construction process of the sunflower shaped continuous arch bridge. The following conclusions were drawn from this study: (1) After analysis, the construction method of first removing the support below the main arch ring and then pouring the main beam can ensure the safety of construction. (2) The maximum axial force of the support pole below the main arch is -17.67kN, located in rows 10 and 50. The maximum vertical displacement of the main arch is -4.998mm, which is much smaller than the allowable deflection. Therefore, the shape of the main arch is within the safe range. (3) The tensile stress of the main arch and continuous longitudinal beam are both less than the design value of C40 concrete tensile strength of 1.71MPa, so the main arch and continuous longitudinal beam have not cracked, and are in a safe state throughout the construction process.
Analysis of the Impact of Shield Tunneling Under Existing Subway Station
Authors: Li Zonggen , Li Fei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To ensure the safety of existing subway station structures and the normal operation of the metro, this study focuses on a specific engineering case in Suzhou’s metro, where shield tunnels were initiated at a close distance to pass beneath an existing subway station. Numerical simulation method was employed to analysis the impact of shield tunneling parameters on the deformation of the existing station structure under conditions with and without pre-reinforcement boundaries. Additionally, the study involved a comparison with monitoring data to validate the reliability of the numerical simulation approach. The results indicate that: 1) Controlling the shield tunneling parameters, such as setting appropriate shield tunneling face support force and tail grouting pressure, is beneficial in managing the deformation of the existing station; 2) The elastic modulus of an equivalent grouting layer has the greatest impact on settlement. Choosing the appropriate grouting material during construction is a key approach to control settlement. 3) Strengthening the soil strength in the reinforcement area and increasing the thickness of the track slab have a minimal impact on the settlement of the track slab at the existing station. However, the former is beneficial for the stability of the shield excavation face. The latter enhances the existing structure’s resistance to deformation.