bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion mechanisms of Al‐alloyed hot‐dipped zinc coatings in wet supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Saarimaa Ville , Kaleva Aaretti , Ismailov Arnold , Virtanen Markus , Levänen Erkki , Väisänen Pasi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCommercial hot‐dip galvanized zinc (Zn‐0.2% Al), galfan (Zn‐5% Al), and galvalume (Zn‐55% Al) coatings were exposed to wet scCO2, followed by an assessment of microstructural changes in the coating structure. Zinc and galfan coatings showed similar surface activity with abundant zinc dissolution and uniform corrosion product deposition. The Al‐rich phases of the galfan coating were intact in the studied atmosphere and eventually became embedded within the deposits. The zinc dissolution ended for zinc and galfan coatings when the free metal surface was blocked from the surrounding medium by a uniform corrosion product layer. Galvalume showed scarce reactivity: dissolution of zinc in the Zn‐rich interdendritic areas proceeded slowly compared to zinc and galfan, and the Al‐rich dendrites (with nm‐scale Zn inclusions) remained intact. The ion beam milling technique combined with modern nm‐resolution energy‐dispersive spectroscopy analysis enabled previously unseen visualization of the discussed corrosion processes.
Precisely Controlled Polymerization of Two‐Dimensional Conducting Polymers in Quasi‐Liquid Layer Enables Ultrahigh Sensing Performance
Authors: Zhu Yucheng , Wei Mengzhen , Ma Xinlei , Ma Hui , Chen Ruoqi , Zhang Huanrong , Wang Xusheng , Ji Junhui , Xue Mianqi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGas sensors based on conducting polymers offer great potential for high‐performance room temperature applications due to their cost‐effectiveness, high‐sensitivity, and operational advantage. However, their current performance is limited by the deficiency of control in conventional polymerization methods, leading to poor crystallinity and inconsistent material properties. Here, the quasi‐liquid layer (QLL) on the ice surface acts as a self‐regulating nano‐reactor for precise control of thermodynamics and kinetics in the polymerization, resulting in a 7.62 nm thick two‐dimensional (2D) polyaniline (PANI) film matching the QLL thickness. The ultra‐thin film optimizes the exposure of active sites, enhancing the detection of analyte gases at low concentrations. It is validated by fabricating a chemiresistive gas sensor with the 2D PANI film, demonstrating stable room‐temperature detection of ammonia down to 10 ppt in ambient air with an impressive 10% response. This achievement represents the highest sensitivity among sensors of this kind while maintaining excellent selectivity and repeatability. Moreover, the QLL‐controlled polymerization strategy offers an alternative route for precise control of the polymerization process for conducting polymers, enabling the creation of advanced materials with enhanced properties.
Assessment of arterial pulsatility of cerebral perforating arteries using 7T high‐resolution dual‐VENC phase‐contrast MRI
Authors: Tang Jianing , Heidari Pahlavian Soroush , Joe Elizabeth , Gamez Maria Tereza , Zhao Tianrui , Ma Samantha J. , Jin Jin , Cen Steven Yong , Chui Helena C. , Yan Lirong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeDirectly imaging the function of cerebral perforating arteries could provide valuable insight into the pathology of cerebral small vessel diseases (cSVD). Arterial pulsatility has been identified as a useful biomarker for assessing vascular dysfunction. In this study, we investigate the feasibility and reliability of using dual velocity encoding (VENC) phase‐contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) to measure the pulsatility of cerebral perforating arteries at 7 T.MethodsTwenty participants, including 12 young volunteers and 8 elder adults, underwent high‐resolution 2D PC‐MRI scans with VENCs of 20 cm/s and 40 cm/s at 7T. The sensitivity of perforator detection and the reliability of pulsatility measurement of cerebral perforating arteries using dual‐VENC PC‐MRI were evaluated by comparison with the single‐VENC data. The effects of temporal resolution in the PC‐MRI acquisition and aging on the pulsatility measurements were investigated.ResultsCompared to the single VENCs, dual‐VENC PC‐MRI provided improved sensitivity of perforator detection and more reliable pulsatility measurements. Temporal resolution impacted the pulsatility measurements, as decreasing temporal resolution led to an underestimation of pulsatility. Elderly adults had elevated pulsatility in cerebral perforating arteries compared to young adults, but there was no difference in the number of detected perforators between the two age groups.ConclusionDual‐VENC PC‐MRI is a reliable imaging method for the assessment of pulsatility of cerebral perforating arteries, which could be useful as a potential imaging biomarker of aging and cSVD.
Electrodiagnostic studies and new diagnostic modalities for evaluation of peripheral nerve disorders
Authors: Hannaford Andrew , Paling Elijah , Silsby Matthew , Vincenten Sanne , van Alfen Nens , Simon Neil G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectrodiagnostic studies (EDx) are frequently performed in the diagnostic evaluation of peripheral nerve disorders. There is increasing interest in the use of newer, alternative diagnostic modalities, in particular imaging, either to complement or replace established EDx protocols. However, the evidence to support this approach has not been expansively reviewed. In this paper, diagnostic performance data from studies of EDx and other diagnostic modalities in common peripheral nerve disorders have been analyzed and described, with a focus on radiculopathy, plexopathy, compressive neuropathies, and the important neuropathy subtypes of Guillain‐Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), vasculitic neuropathy and diabetic neuropathy. Overall EDx retains its place as a primary diagnostic modality in the evaluated peripheral nerve disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound have developed important complementary diagnostic roles in compressive and traumatic neuropathies and atypical CIDP, but their value is more limited in other neuropathy subtypes. Identification of hourglass constriction in nerves of patients with neuralgic amyotrophy may have therapeutic implications. Investigation of radiculopathy is confounded by poor correlation between clinical features and imaging findings and the lack of a diagnostic gold standard. There is a need to enhance the literature on the utility of these newer diagnostic modalities.
A pilot program to expand career opportunities in conservation for students of color
Authors: Spence Porché L. , Leggett Zakiya H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Scholars for Conservation Leadership Program (SCLP) is a pilot initiative designed to expand career development opportunities to undergraduate students of color in their senior year who are interested in pursuing a career in conservation and/or employment with a land trust organization. Through SCLP, undergraduate seniors engage in career development activities and events, network with conservation practitioners, receive mentorship from a Conservationist of Color group member with similar career interests, attend the Land Trust Alliance Rally National Land Conservation Conference (LTA Rally Conference), and can qualify for a paid year‐long fellowship with a land trust. This study explores the evidence gathered during the program to determine if the SCLP achieved the initial desired outcomes. Two cohorts of scholars have participated in the pilot program activities and events. Both cohorts were asked to complete surveys before and immediately after attending the LTA Rally Conference as well as 6–9 months following the conference to share their experiences and perspectives about the program. The evidence strongly suggests that the SCLP pilot initiative is achieving the programmatic outcomes of expanding career development opportunities to students of color, increasing their interest in pursuing a career in conservation and/or working with a land trust organization.
Traumatic Events Preceding the Development of Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome
Authors: Formeister Eric J. , Krishnan Pavan S. , Schoo Desi P. , Andresen Nicholas , Sayyid Zahra , Wei Oren , Carey John P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the features of antecedent head trauma in patients with superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS).Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsAn online survey was sent to 450 adult patients who underwent surgical repair for SCDS patients asking questions about the nature of internal or external traumatic events preceding symptoms.ResultsOne‐hundred and thirty‐six patients (avg. age, 51.9 years, 62.8% female) completed the survey, of which 61 (44.9%) described either preceding external head trauma (n = 35, 26%), preceding internal pressure event (n = 33, 25%), or both (8, 6%). Of those endorsing external trauma, 22 (63%) described a singular event (head hit by object (n = 8); head hit ground (n = 5); motor vehicle accident (n = 4); assault (n = 2); other (n = 3). One‐third experienced loss of consciousness because of the trauma. For those describing internal pressure events (n = 33), the most common events were heavy physical exertion (9, 27%); pressure changes while flying (6, 18%); coughing, nose blowing with illness (5, 15%); childbirth (5, 15%); and self contained underwater breathing apparatus diving events (3, 9%). The interval between trauma and onset of symptoms averaged 5.6 years (SD, 10.7 years). One‐third (n = 19) described onset of symptoms immediately after the external trauma or internal pressure event. Symptoms began on the side ipsilateral to the trauma in 91%. Sound‐ and pressure‐induced vertigo/oscillopsia developed more commonly after external trauma versus internal pressure events (68% and 61% vs 44% and 32%, respectively).ConclusionTrauma or internal pressure‐related events precede SCDS symptoms in nearly half of cases, with roughly half of preceding events being external.
Adjusting UV‐Vis Spectrum of Alizarin by Insertion of Auxochromes
Authors: Noori Zahra , de P. R. Moreira Ibério , Bofill Josep Maria , Poater Jordi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFirst synthesized in 1868, alizarin became one of the first synthetic dyes and was widely used as a red dye in the textile industry, making it more affordable and readily available than the traditional red dyes derived from natural sources. Despite extensive both experimental and computational analyses on the electronic effects of substituents on the shape of the visible spectrum of alizarin and alizarin Red S, no previous systematic work has been undertaken with the aim to fine tune the dominant absorption region defining its color by introducing other electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donor groups. For such, we have performed a comprehensive study of electronic effects of substituents in position C3 of alizarin by means of a time dependent DFT approach. These auxochromes attached to the chromophore are proven to alter both the wavelength and intensity of absorption. It is shown that the introduction of an electron‐donor group in alizarin causes the transition bands to be significantly red‐shifted whereas electron‐withdrawing groups cause a minor blue‐shifting.
The role of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐based derivatives in skin, nerve, cartilage, and bone tissue engineering applications—An updated review
Authors: Reyna‐Urrutia Víctor A. , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo , Ríos Camilo , González‐Torres Maykel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has gained significant attention in the realm of medical applications in recent years. This acceptability is rooted in its bioactive properties and remarkable biocompatibility, as the degradation products exhibit negligible cytotoxicity. PHB boasts commendable mechanical resilience, distinguishing it from other polymers commonly used in tissue engineering. Using PHB in fabricating 3D scaffolds serves various objectives, often involving a combination with other polymers, ceramics, fibers, or regenerative factors. This distinctive approach sets it apart, leading to the creation of composite biomaterials. These incorporated materials enhance characteristics such as brittleness, hydrophobicity, degradation rate, and biocompatibility, within the composite. This review delves into the diverse roles that PHB, its alloys, and its compounds play in the engineering of skin, nerve, cartilage, and bone tissues. We explain these roles by highlighting key methodologies for crafting 3D tissue scaffolds with widely adopted techniques, including polymeric sponges, electrospinning, and salt leaching.
AI‐guided histopathology predicts brain metastasis in lung cancer patients
Authors: Zhou Haowen , Watson Mark , Bernadt Cory T , Lin Steven (Siyu) , Lin Chieh‐yu , Ritter Jon H , Wein Alexander , Mahler Simon , Rawal Sid , Govindan Ramaswamy , Yang Changhuei , Cote Richard J 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBrain metastases can occur in nearly half of patients with early and locally advanced (stage I–III) non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There are no reliable histopathologic or molecular means to identify those who are likely to develop brain metastases. We sought to determine if deep learning (DL) could be applied to routine H&E‐stained primary tumor tissue sections from stage I–III NSCLC patients to predict the development of brain metastasis. Diagnostic slides from 158 patients with stage I–III NSCLC followed for at least 5 years for the development of brain metastases (Met+, 65 patients) versus no progression (Met−, 93 patients) were subjected to whole‐slide imaging. Three separate iterations were performed by first selecting 118 cases (45 Met+, 73 Met−) to train and validate the DL algorithm, while 40 separate cases (20 Met+, 20 Met−) were used as the test set. The DL algorithm results were compared to a blinded review by four expert pathologists. The DL‐based algorithm was able to distinguish the eventual development of brain metastases with an accuracy of 87% (p < 0.0001) compared with an average of 57.3% by the four pathologists and appears to be particularly useful in predicting brain metastases in stage I patients. The DL algorithm appears to focus on a complex set of histologic features. DL‐based algorithms using routine H&E‐stained slides may identify patients who are likely to develop brain metastases from those who will remain disease free over extended (>5 year) follow‐up and may thus be spared systemic therapy. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Multifunctional boron nitride nanosheets/fluorinated‐polyimide composites with ultra‐low dielectric constant and high thermal conductivity
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Jing‐Wen , Ma Ying‐Jie , Zhang Zi‐Long 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThermally conductive polymeric composites with low dielectric constant are highly promising for the packaging materials in the field of modern communication. Therefore, the synergistic improvement of low dielectric constant and high thermal conductivity has become a current research hotspot. In this work, we propose a one‐step alkylation of boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) with ultrasonic stratification using 1‐hexanol, and then hot press the films to make Alkyl‐BNNSs orient in the fluorinated polyimide (f‐PI). The resulting Alkyl‐BNNS/f‐PI composite successfully realizes the synergistic improvement of thermal property and dielectric properties, exhibiting a high heat conductivity coefficient of 2.36 Wm−1 K−1 with a filler content of 4.99 wt.%. Moreover, the permittivity and dielectric loss of the film are as low as 1.76 and 0.0065 at 1 MHz, respectively. This work provides a facile strategy for breaking the bottleneck of making polyimide composites simultaneously with high thermal conduction and low dielectric performance.Highlights
The composite exhibits a high heat‐conducting coefficient of 2.36 Wm−1 K−1.
Ultra‐low dielectric constant of 1.76 was achieved by the modification of film.
Excellent breakdown resistance and flexibility were endowed with the composites.
First‐principles studies on physical properties for new half‐metallic perovskites AFeO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba): Spintronics and energy harvesting applications
Authors: Erum Nazia , Sharma Ramesh , Ahmad Javed , Ahmad Zubair , Alshomrany Ali S. , Sfina N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this manuscript, structural, electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric aspects of AFeO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) have been calculated by means of the Full‐Potential Linearized Augmented Plane Wave Method (FP‐LAPW) using spin‐polarized Density Functional Theory (DFT). The calculated structural parameters have been found to be in good resemblance with previously available work. Enthalpy of formation and cohesive energy along with tolerance factor confirms structural stability. Electronic properties by Trans Blaha modified Becke–Johnson potential (TB‐mBJ) suggest metallic behavior in the spin‐up channel and semi‐conducting behavior in the spin‐down channel that supports half‐metallic behavior with mixed covalent and ionic bonding. Density of States (DOS) analysis confirms the major contribution of Fe‐3d‐states in the conduction band and O‐2p states in the valence band. The half‐metallic nature is further confirmed by the integer value of the total magnetic moment. The real and imaginary parts of dielectric functions, optical conductivities, absorption coefficients, reflectivity, and energy loss function have been calculated to evaluate suitability for optical applications. Thermoelectric properties with temperature range 300–900 K against chemical potential including figure of merit, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivities, and power factor, were examined using BoltzTraP code. Findings suggest that AFeO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) compounds suitable for spintronic, thermoelectric as well as energy harvesting applications.
Stock change accounting overestimates the potential climate benefit of soil carbon storage
Authors: Alexander Jonathan R. , Gamble Joshua D. , Venterea Rodney T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgriculture is being called upon to increase carbon (C) storage in soils to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) accumulation in the atmosphere. Cropping systems research can be used to support GHG mitigation efforts, but we must quantify land management impacts using appropriate assumptions and unambiguous methods. Soil C sequestration is considered temporary because it can be re‐emitted as carbon dioxide (CO2) if the effecting practice is not maintained and/or the soil–plant system is disturbed, for example, as the result of changing climate. Because of this, the climate benefit of soil C sequestration depends on the time that C is held out of the atmosphere. When assessing the net GHG impact of management practices, soil C storage is often aggregated with non‐CO2 (N2O and CH4) emissions after converting all components to CO2 equivalents (CO2e) and assuming a given time horizon (TH), in what is known as stock change accounting. However, such analyses do not consider potential re‐emission of soil C or apply consistent assumptions about time horizons. Here, we demonstrate that tonne‐year accounting provides a more conservative estimate of the emissions offsetting potential of soil C storage compared to stock change accounting. Tonne‐year accounting can be used to reconcile differences in the context and timeframes of soil C sequestration and non‐CO2 GHG emissions. The approach can be applied post hoc to commonly observed cropping systems data to estimate GHG emissions offsets associated with agricultural land management over given THs and with more clearly defined assumptions.
Carbon Fiber Film with Multi‐Hollow Channels to Expedite Oxygen Electrocatalytic Reaction Kinetics for Flexible Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Li Tingzhen , Liu Yijun , Huang Yongfa , Zhang Lei , Chen Zehong , Yang Wu , Shi Ge , Zhou Jiawei , Zou Ren , Gan Jianyun , Zhong Linxin , Peng Xinwen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe high oxygen electrocatalytic overpotential of flexible cathodes due to sluggish reaction kinetics result in low energy conversion efficiency of wearable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, lignin, as a 3D flexible carbon‐rich macromolecule, is employed for partial replacement of polyacrylonitrile and constructing flexible freestanding air electrodes (FFAEs) with large amount of mesopores and multi‐hollow channels via electrospinning combined with annealing strategy. The presence of lignin with disordered structure decreases the graphitization of carbon fibers, increases the structural defects, and optimizes the pore structure, facilitating the enhancement of electron‐transfer kinetics. This unique structure effectively improves the accessibility of graphitic‐N/pyridinic‐N with oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and pyridinic‐N with oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity for FFAEs, accelerating the mass transfer process of oxygen‐active species. The resulting N‐doped hollow carbon fiber films (NHCFs) exhibit superior bifunctional ORR/OER performance with a low potential difference of only 0.60 V. The rechargeable ZABs with NHCFs as metal‐free cathodes possess a long‐term cycling stability. Furthermore, the NHCFs can be used as FFAEs for flexible ZABs which have a high specific capacity and good cycling stability under different bending states. This work paves the way to design and produce highly active metal‐free bifunctional FFAEs for electrochemical energy devices.
Modulating Lattice Oxygen Activity of Iron‐Based Triple‐Conducting Nanoheterostructure Air Electrode via Sc‐Substitution Strategy for Protonic Ceramic Cells
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Yaowen , Xiao Youcheng , Zhang Ying , Wang Xiyang , Wang Fang , He Tianmin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIron‐based perovskite air electrodes for protonic ceramic cells (PCCs) offer broad application prospects owing to their reasonable thermomechanical compatibility and steam tolerance. However, their insufficient electrocatalytic activity has considerably limited further development. Herein, oxygen‐vacancy‐rich BaFe0.6Ce0.2Sc0.2O3−δ (BFCS) perovskite is rationally designed by a facile Sc‐substitution strategy for BaFe0.6Ce0.4O3‐δ (BFC) as efficient and stable air electrode for PCCs. The BFCS electrode with an optimized Fe 3d‐eg orbital occupancy and more oxygen vacancies exhibits a polarization resistance of ≈ 0.175 Ω cm2 at 600 °C, ≈ 1/3 of the BFC electrode (≈0.64 Ω cm2). Simultaneously, BFCS shows favorable proton uptake with a low proton defect formation enthalpy (− 81 kJ mol−1). By combining soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation studies, it is revealed that the enhancement of Fe4+–O2− interactions in BFCS promotes the activation and mobility of lattice oxygen, triggering the activity of BFCS in both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER). The single cell achieves encouraging output performance in both fuel cell (1.55 W cm−2) and electrolysis cell (−2.96 A cm−2 at 1.3 V) modes at 700 °C. These results highlight the importance of activating lattice oxygen in air electrodes of PCCs.