bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researching how music affects the autonomic nervous system and influences wound healing processes in trauma patients
Authors: Li Xintong , Min Siran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn area of increasing interest continues to be the interaction between music therapy and its impacts on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and wound repair in patients who have experienced trauma. This study intended to quantify the effect of music therapy on ANS regulation and wound healing. A cross‐sectional observational study from March to December 2023 was undertaken involving 500 trauma patients. A control group received standard care, and an experimental group received daily 30‐min music therapy sessions. Heart rate variability (HRV), cortisol levels, wound healing rates and patient‐reported outcomes regarding pain, tension and well‐being were among the critical parameters assessed. After 1 month, the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant rise in HRV (p < 0.05), suggesting increased parasympathetic activity. The experimental group exhibited a significant decrease in cortisol levels in comparison to the control group, with notable reduction observed after 1 month (p < 0.05). At 9 months, the experimental group exhibited significantly faster wound healing than the control group, with 85% wound recovery as opposed to 75% in control group. There was notable decrease in pain and stress scores at all time intervals in the music therapy group, with the greatest reduction occurring at the 9‐month mark (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was identified between the number of completed music therapy sessions and patient outcomes, with individuals attending more than 20 sessions experiencing 33.6% positive outcomes. In trauma patients, music therapy substantially enhanced ANS regulation and accelerated wound healing. As evidenced by the elevated HRV and decreased cortisol levels, the therapy induced a physiologically tranquil state that is conducive to recovery. The considerable enhancements in the rates of wound healing, in conjunction with the substantial decreases in pain and tension levels, highlighted the therapeutic capacity of music therapy as intervention in trauma care. Additionally, the observed dose–response relationship indicated that customised music therapy regimens are crucial for achieving the best possible results for patients.
Assessing the efficacy of Naoxintong capsules on wound healing in post‐craniotomy patients: A clinical perspective
Authors: Zheng Guojiang , Yu Ting , Humayun Ayesha , Chen Hui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine whether Naoxintong capsules may enhance wound healing and reduce postoperative complications in individuals having craniotomies. A total of 120 patients at Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, participated in this clinical perspective study conducted from April 2022 to June 2023. Participants were divided into treatment group (n = 60), receiving standard care plus Naoxintong capsules and control group (n = 60), receiving standard care only. Primary outcomes included the rate of wound healing, while secondary outcomes encompassed postoperative complications and patient‐reported outcomes on pain and quality of life. The treatment group exhibited significantly enhanced wound healing rate than the control at Day 7 (40.33 vs. 25.67%, p < 0.05), Day 14 (75.17 vs. 50.83%, p < 0.05) and Day 28 (94.83 vs. 79.50%, p < 0.05). Postoperative complications were markedly reduced in the treatment group, with lower rates of infection (p < 0.05), wound dehiscence (p < 0.05) and cerebrospinal fluid leakage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patient‐reported outcomes significantly favoured the treatment group, with reduced pain scores and improved quality of life at 4 weeks post‐surgery(p < 0.05). Naoxintong capsules thus significantly enhanced the wound healing and reduced postoperative complications, contributing to improved patient‐reported outcomes in post‐craniotomy patients. These findings advocated for the integration of Naoxintong in postoperative care, highlighting the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in modern surgical recovery protocols. Further studies with larger cohorts are recommended to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
High energy storage performance of lead‐free Nb‐modified (Bi0.2Na0.2Ca0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2)TiO3 high‐entropy ceramics
Authors: Zhang Xue , Zhang Fan , Niu Yiwen , Zhang Zhiqiang , Bai Yu , Wang Zhan Jie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOwing to the intrinsic chemical disorder of microscopic composition, perovskite high‐entropy ceramics exhibit dielectric relaxation behaviors and are favorable for energy storage performance. In this work, (Bi0.2Na0.2Ca0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2)(Ti1−xNbx)O3 (BNCBST‐xNb, 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) ceramics were prepared using a hydrothermal method. The results indicate that Nb doping into BNCBST induces lattice expansion and deepens dielectric relaxation. Moreover, the BNCBST‐xNb ceramics exhibit a great enhancement of electrical breakdown strength (Eb) with Nb content, which results from the reduction of grain size, the increase of resistivity, the decrease of oxygen vacancies, and the enlargement of band gap width. Consequently, the BNCBST‐0.15Nb system presents an outstanding Eb of 497 kV/cm with excellent recoverable energy density (Wrec = 3.85 J/cm3) and efficiency (η = 87.7%), accompanying by the wide temperature stability (Wrec and η vary within ± 9.8% and ± 1.4% at 40–100°C) and fast discharge rate (t0.9 = 88 ns). The significant improvement of Eb and energy storage properties suggest that our research offers an effective strategy for developing lead‐free energy storage ceramics.
Going the extra mile for patients: Service‐oriented high‐performance work systems drive nurses' job crafting and extra‐role service behaviour
Authors: Song Yao , Wang Zhen , Song Lynda Jiwen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThis study intends to investigate whether, how and when service‐oriented high‐performance work systems (SHPWSs) drive nurses' extra‐role service behaviour.DesignThis was a quantitative cross‐sectional study conducted with matched nurse–patient participants.MethodWe tested hypotheses using data from 284 nurses and their matched 566 patients. The data were collected in 2019. We conducted a set of hierarchical regression analyses to test our hypotheses.ResultsThe results showed that SHPWSs have a positive impact on job crafting, which, in turn, mediates the link between SHPWSs and extra‐role service behaviours. Additionally, the influence of professional identification moderates these relationships. Specifically, SHPWSs are significantly and positively associated with job crafting among highly professionally identified nurses. The indirect effect is significantly positive when nurses strongly identify with their profession but not significant when their professional identification is low.ConclusionThe results indicated that SHPWSs can elicit job crafting among higher professional identifiers, which further increases extra‐role service behaviours towards patients.ImpactOur research emphasizes the significance of HRM themes in the healthcare service industry and their direct impact on healthcare personnel. Shifting from a management‐centric to an individual‐centric perspective, we focus on the proactive role of nurses. Furthermore, this study enhances the understanding of the boundary conditions for the effectiveness of SHPWSs.Patient or Public ContributionNurses and their mated patients from a Chinese hospital contributed to this study by completing the survey.
The perspectives of nurses, as prominent advocates in sustainability, on the global climate crises and its impact on mental health
Authors: Ediz Çiçek , Uzun Sevda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the perspective of nurses in Turkey towards the global climate crisis and its impact on mental health using a qualitative approach.Materials and MethodThis study was conducted from August to September 2023 with 35 nurses living in seven regions of Turkey using an inductive qualitative approach. The researchers employed the snowball sampling method to select participants. Interviews with the participants were conducted until data saturation was reached. Thematic analysis was used to emerge themes.ResultsThe findings revealed five main themes (perception of the global climate crisis, effects of the global climate crisis, effects of the global climate crisis on mental health, reflections of the global climate crisis on nursing and nurses' views on prevention and intervention studies for the global climate crisis). Also, the findings revealed 12 sub‐themes (physical outcomes, mental outcomes, direct and indirect impacts, psychosocial effects and personal, national and international‐based reflections).ConclusionOur study indicates that nurses exhibit genuine concern for the global climate crisis and experience psychological effects related to this pressing environmental issue. Nurses are keenly aware of their responsibility to safeguard the planet and demonstrate a strong sense of concern for the state of the world.ImpactIt is evident that nurses, being prominent advocates for sustainability, are cognizant of their responsibility to protect the planet and demonstrate genuine apprehension for the state of the world.ImplicationsNurses play a crucial role, as they make up 60% of the global healthcare workforce and are often the frontline healthcare professionals during natural disasters. It is vital to elucidate and clarify the terminology concerning the relationship between the climate crisis and the mental health of nurses, to determine the scope of this relationship and to make recommendations for future research areas.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or Public Contribution.
Effects of feedback visualisation of peer‐assessment on pre‐service teachers' data literacy, learning motivation, and cognitive load
Authors: Xu Liujie , Zou Xuefei , Hou Yuxue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundData literacy (DL) is vital for teachers, as it enables them to build on data and improve teaching and learning. Therefore, developing DL among pre‐service teachers is critical.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is threefold: to evaluate whether a feedback visualisation of peer assessment‐based teaching approach (FVPA‐based teaching approach) can (1) promote pre‐service teachers' DL; (2) enhance their learning motivation; and (3) improve their cognitive load.MethodsThe research was conducted based on a pre‐test‐post‐test control group quasi‐experimental design. With 20 participants in the experimental group and 21 in the control group, a total of 41 pre‐service teachers were included in the study. The pre‐service teachers in the experimental group adopted the FVPA‐based teaching approach, and those in the control group adopted the traditional peer assessment‐based learning approach.Results and ConclusionsThe experimental group participants outperformed the control group participants in DL, learning motivation, and cognitive load. FVPA was conducive to helping pre‐service teachers critically interpret data, understand their teaching and learning issues, and improve self‐reflection. The findings indicate a reciprocal relationship between learning motivation and DL; improving the learning motivation of pre‐service teachers could promote their DL.ImplicationsThis study contributes to current knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the benefits of an FVPA‐based teaching approach in improving pre‐service teachers' DL, motivation, and cognitive load. The study findings, limitations, and prospects for future research are discussed.
When Foreign Policy Becomes Trade Policy: The EU's Anti‐Coercion Instrument
Authors: Freudlsperger Christian , Meunier Sophie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe European Union (EU) has taken a geoeconomic turn since 2017 by creating a series of new unilateral instruments designed to preserve European autonomy and adjust to the progressive unravelling of the liberal international economic order. The most controversial of these instruments is the 2023 Anti‐Coercion Instrument (ACI), designed to deter third countries from targeting the EU and its member states with economic coercion through measures affecting trade or investment. This article analyses why this new policy instrument was created, traces its institutional genesis and explores its implications by asking whether the ACI represents an intentional attempt to transform the foreign policy issue of coercion into a commercial one. Using process tracing based on interviews and primary and secondary materials, we argue that ‘foreign policy becoming trade policy’ through the ACI was an unintended consequence both of external pressures to institutionalise the trade–security nexus and of the EU's uneven internal competence base.
The effect of competition on the demand for skilled labor: Matching with externalities in the NBA
Authors: Kuehn Joseph 
Published: February 2024

AbstractI study how heterogeneity in competition can affect the demand for skilled labor in a way that generates a dispersion in productivity across otherwise similar firms. This is explored in the setting of professional basketball where heterogeneity in competition is easily measured. I develop and estimate a matching model with externalities, where the value of a match between a firm and worker depends on the entire allocation of matches. I find that competition has a significant effect on hiring decisions in the National Basketball Association, resulting in a clustering of talent among rivals. A counterfactual shows that competition in the league's playoff format explains 17.59% of the widely observed gap in talent between the league's two conferences.
Evaluation of possible role of fluoride in pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis: A pilot study
Authors: Arakeri Gururaj , Rao US Vishal , Patil Shekar , Kunigal Sateesh , Reddy Roopa , Krishnan Murugesan , Hale Beverley , Brennan Peter A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder. Although areca nut chewing is an established risk factor, its low prevalence among nut chewers indicates additional factors likely facilitates pathogenesis. We recently demonstrated high fluoride levels in smokeless tobacco products and hypothesized a potential pathological role of fluoride in OSMF. Further exploring this novel role, this study compared fluoride levels in tissue, serum, and saliva samples from OSMF patients and healthy controls.MethodsThe ethically approved study included 25 clinically confirmed OSMF patients and 25 healthy matched controls. OSMF cases underwent buccal mucosal incisional biopsy, while controls had buccal mucosa tissue sampling during third molar removal. Fasting venous blood and unstimulated saliva were collected. Fluoride levels were analysed using ion chromatography and expressed as median (IQR).ResultsOSMF cases showed significantly higher fluoride concentrations compared with controls in tissue biopsies (30.1 vs. 0 mg/kg, p < 0.0001), serum (0.4 vs. 0 mg/L, p = 0.005) and saliva (1.3 vs. 0 mg/L, p < 0.0001). Majority (68%) of controls had undetectable fluoride levels across all samples. Tissue fluoride weakly correlated with OSMF severity (r = −0.158, p = 0.334).ConclusionThe preliminary findings demonstrated increased tissue fluoride levels in OSMF patients compared with healthy controls. Along with a previous study showing high fluoride content in smokeless tobacco products, these findings provided early evidence suggesting fluoride could play a contributory role in OSMF pathogenesis. Further large‐scale investigation is warranted to definitively establish whether the association between fluoride exposure and OSMF is indicative of causation.
The interplay of local adaptation and gene flow may lead to the formation of supergenes
Authors: Jay Paul , Aubier Thomas G. , Joron Mathieu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSupergenes are genetic architectures resulting in the segregation of alternative combinations of alleles underlying complex phenotypes. The co‐segregation of alleles at linked loci is often facilitated by polymorphic chromosomal rearrangements suppressing recombination locally. Supergenes are involved in many complex polymorphisms, including sexual, colour or behavioural polymorphisms in numerous plants, fungi, mammals, fish, and insects. Despite a long history of empirical and theoretical research, the formation of supergenes remains poorly understood. Here, using a two‐island population genetic model, we explore how gene flow and the evolution of overdominant chromosomal inversions may jointly lead to the formation of supergenes. We show that the evolution of inversions in differentiated populations, both under disruptive selection, leads to an increase in frequency of poorly adapted, immigrant haplotypes. Indeed, rare allelic combinations, such as immigrant haplotypes, are more frequently reshuffled by recombination than common allelic combinations, and therefore benefit from the recombination suppression generated by inversions. When an inversion capturing a locally adapted haplotype spreads but is associated with a fitness cost hampering its fixation (e.g. a recessive mutation load), the maintenance of a non‐inverted haplotype in the population is enhanced; under certain conditions, the immigrant haplotype persists alongside the inverted local haplotype, while the standard local haplotype disappears. This establishes a stable, local polymorphism with two non‐recombining haplotypes encoding alternative adaptive strategies, that is, a supergene. These results bring new light to the importance of local adaptation, overdominance, and gene flow in the formation of supergenes and inversion polymorphisms in general.
Social connections and social identity as a basis for learning and support: Experiences of medical students with minoritised and non‐minoritised ethnic identities
Authors: Bull Stephanie , Terry Rohini , Rice Neil , Carrieri Daniele , Tarrant Mark , Curnow Gerens 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSocial connections between medical students provide a key basis for learning and support. These connections, and associated social identity, may be patterned by ethnicity, and students often perform similarly academically to those they connect with. The mechanisms that underpin the formation of these connections and the role that they play are not fully understood. This study explored how medical students connect with each other, and the potential impact of this on their academic attainment and well‐being, with a focus on students with minoritised ethnic identities.MethodsA mixed methods study combining (1) a survey to establish the number and strength of connections formed by Years 1 and 2 medical students with both minoritised and non‐minoritised ethnicities and (2) semi‐structured interviews to understand how connections were formed, whether this was shaped by ethnicity and the role of connections in supporting students with their learning and well‐being.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐one students (15.5% response rate) completed the survey. Students connected regularly with three to four peers with the goal of supporting learning and 71.9% of students reported a sense of social identification with this group. There was no statistical difference between ethnically minoritised and White students on either of these measures (t = 0.1, p = 0.92, χ2 = 2.9, p = 0.56). Interviews with 19 students found that social connections were shaped by perceptions of their self‐identity and the need to find ‘equilibrium’ by forming relationships with compatible others. The education environment, including its ethnic diversity, impacted on the opportunities to make connections. Students who were ethnically minoritised reported encountering challenges, especially in the clinical environment, and described the burden of these for them.DiscussionCurriculum designers should consider the time and space that is afforded to student interaction during course development, as finding compatible others with whom students can socially connect is important to balancing well‐being with academic performance.
The effects of contractual and relational governance on public‐private partnership sustainability
Authors: Li Juankun , Liu Bingsheng , Wang Dan , Casady Carter B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study investigates how contractual and relational governance influence partner behaviors and promote sustainability performance of infrastructure public‐private partnerships (PPPs). Survey data from 217 Chinese PPP projects were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. This study found that both contractual and relational governance have positive effects on PPP sustainability, with contractual governance having a stronger impact. Contractual governance complements relational governance in promoting cooperative behavior, but relational governance does not amplify the effect of contractual governance on opportunistic behavior. The findings highlight the role of contracts in curbing opportunism and promoting collaboration via multiple functions of control, coordination, and adaption, while also revealing the limitations of relational approaches in the context of government‐business relationships and performance ambiguity. This study contributes to the PPP governance literature by uncovering the individual and interactive effects of contractual and relational governance on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of PPP sustainability.
Associations of conservatism and jumping to conclusions biases with aberrant salience and default mode network
Authors: Miyata Jun , Sasamoto Akihiko , Ezaki Takahiro , Isobe Masanori , Kochiyama Takanori , Masuda Naoki , Mori Yasuo , Sakai Yuki , Sawamoto Nobukatsu , Tei Shisei , Ubukata Shiho , Aso Toshihiko , Murai Toshiya , Takahashi Hidehiko 
Published: February 2024

AimWhile conservatism bias refers to the human need for more evidence for decision‐making than rational thinking expects, the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias refers to the need for less evidence among individuals with schizophrenia/delusion compared to healthy people. Although the hippocampus‐midbrain‐striatal aberrant salience system and the salience, default mode (DMN), and frontoparietal networks (“triple networks”) are implicated in delusion/schizophrenia pathophysiology, the associations between conservatism/JTC and these systems/networks are unclear.MethodsThirty‐seven patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls performed the beads task, with large and small numbers of bead draws to decision (DTD) indicating conservatism and JTC, respectively. We performed independent component analysis (ICA) of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. For systems/networks above, we investigated interactions between diagnosis and DTD, and main effects of DTD. We similarly applied ICA to structural and diffusion MRI to explore the associations between DTD and gray/white matter.ResultsWe identified a significant main effect of DTD with functional connectivity between the striatum and DMN, which was negatively correlated with delusion severity in patients, indicating that the greater the anti‐correlation between these networks, the stronger the JTC and delusion. We further observed the main effects of DTD on a gray matter network resembling the DMN, and a white matter network connecting the functional and gray matter networks (all P < 0.05, family‐wise error [FWE] correction). Function and gray/white matter showed no significant interactions.ConclusionOur results support the novel association of conservatism and JTC biases with aberrant salience and default brain mode.
Unexpected location of a pilonidal sinus
Authors: Grande‐Moreillo Carme , Fuentes‐Carretero Sara , Corella‐Vicente Francesca , Margarit‐Mallol Jaume 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPilonidal sinus disease is typically located in the sacrococcygeal area, although it has been described in other locations. We present a rare case of pilonidal sinus on the scalp and its management.