bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of neurofilament proteins in the lateral geniculate nucleus, primary visual cortex, and area MT of adult Cebus monkeys
Authors: Soares Juliana Guimarães Martins , Rosado De Castro Paulo Henrique , Fiorani Mario , Nascimento‐Silva Sheila , Gattass Ricardo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe investigated the distribution pattern of SMI‐32‐immunopositive cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and in the primary (V1) and middle temporal (MT) cortical visual areas of the adult New World monkey Cebus apella. In the LGN, the reaction for SMI‐32 labeled cells in both the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) layers. However, the cellular label was heavier in M layers, which also showed a more intense labeling in the neuropil. In V1, the reaction showed a lamination pattern, with the heaviest labeling occurring in layer 4B and upper layer 6 (layers that project to area MT). Area MT shows a dense band of labeled neuropil and large pyramidal neurons in layer 3, large darkly labeled but less densely packed neurons in layer 5, and a population of small, lightly labeled cells in layer 6. These results resemble those found in other New and Old World monkeys, which suggest that the preferential labeling of projection neurons associated with fast‐conducting pathways to the extrastriate dorsal stream is a common characteristic of simian primates. In the superficial layers of V1 in Cebus monkeys, however, SMI‐32‐labeled neurons are found in both cytochrome oxidase blobs and interblob regions. In this aspect, our results in Cebus are similar to those found in the Old World monkey Macaca and different from those described for squirrel monkey, a smaller New World Monkey. In Cebus, as well as in Macaca, there is no correlation between SMI‐32 distribution and the blob pattern. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:605–614, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kurzbericht über die 60. Sitzung des Technischen Lenkungsausschusses der EOTA (EOTA Technical Board) am 6./7. Februar 2008 in Brüssel
Authors: Bernholz Manuela 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBis Februar 2008 erteilten die Zulassungsstellen der EOTA mehr als eintausend europäische technische Zulassungen. Mehr als die Hälfte sind europäische Zulassungen des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik (DIBt).Zunehmend werden europäische technische Zulassungen nach dem Verfahren nach Art. 9(2) Bauproduktenrichtlinie ohne Leitlinie erteilt. Hierzu schlägt die erteilende Stelle Beurteilungskriterien vor, die innerhalb der EOTA abgestimmt und in Form einer CUAP verabschiedet werden. Das DIBt erstellte 49 der 104 vorliegenden Beurteilungskriterien für verschiedene Produktbereiche (CUAP); für sechs Produktbereiche war das DIBt Mitverfasser solcher Beurteilungsgrundlagen.
The Oak Ridge Polycystic Kidney mouse: Modeling ciliopathies of mice and men
Authors: Lehman Jonathan M. , Michaud Edward J. , Schoeb Trenton R. , Aydin‐Son Yesim , Miller Michael , Yoder Bradley K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Oak Ridge Polycystic Kidney (ORPK) mouse was described nearly 14 years ago as a model for human recessive polycystic kidney disease. The ORPK mouse arose through integration of a transgene into an intron of the Ift88 gene resulting in a hypomorphic allele (Ift88Tg737Rpw). The Ift88Tg737Rpw mutation impairs intraflagellar transport (IFT), a process required for assembly of motile and immotile cilia. Historically, the primary immotile cilium was thought to have minimal importance for human health; however, a rapidly expanding number of human disorders have now been attributed to ciliary defects. Importantly, many of these phenotypes are present and can be analyzed using the ORPK mouse. In this review, we highlight the research conducted using the OPRK mouse and the phenotypes shared with human cilia disorders. Furthermore, we describe an additional follicular dysplasia phenotype in the ORPK mouse, which alongside the ectodermal dysplasias seen in human Ellis‐van Creveld and Sensenbrenner's syndromes, suggests an unappreciated role for primary cilia in the skin and hair follicle. Developmental Dynamics 237:1960–1971, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Human recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Kremer L. C. M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Martí‐Carvajal A, Salanti G, Cardona AF. Human recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004388. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004388.pub3.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Early developmental intervention programs post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairments in preterm infants’
Authors: van Dalen E. C. , Offringa M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThese are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Spittle AJ, Orton J, Doyle LW, Boyd R. Early developmental intervention programs post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairments in preterm infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD005495. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005495.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Cochrane review: Bicycle helmet legislation for the uptake of helmet use and prevention of head injuries
Authors: Macpherson A , Spinks A 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundEvidence exists to suggest that bicycle helmets may reduce the risk of head injuries to cyclists, however helmets are not uniformly worn by all bicycle users. Legislation has been enacted in some countries to mandate helmet use by cyclists, however the issue remains controversial with opponents arguing that this may inhibit people from bicycle riding and thus from gaining the associated health benefits, or that other countermeasures may have been responsible for decline in head injuries.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of bicycle helmet legislation on bicycle‐related head injuries and helmet use, and the occurrence of unintended adverse consequences.Search strategyWe searched CENTRAL, the Cochrane Injuries Group's specialised register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, TRANSPORT and other specialist electronic databases, up to February 2006. In addition we searched government websites, handsearched selected journals and examined the reference lists of selected publications.Selection criteriaWe included studies that reported changes in either the number of head injuries, helmet use or bicycle use post‐ versus pre‐legislation. Only studies that included a concurrent control group and which reported on the effect of legislation implemented at either the country, state or province wide level were included.Data collection and analysisTwo authors independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality. The data were not appropriate for meta‐analysis, thus the results of the included studies have been reviewed narratively.Main resultsFive studies, all from North America, met the inclusion criteria. For each of the studies, bicycle helmet legislation had been enacted for children only. Adults were used as controls in four of the studies, whilst jurisdictions with no helmet legislation were used as controls in the fifth. Three of the studies reported on changes in head injury rates and three reported on changes in helmet use. There were no included studies reporting change in bicycle use or other adverse consequences of legislation. In two studies, statistically significant decreases in head injuries were reported following the implementation of helmet legislation compared with controls, whilst one reported a non‐statistically significant decline. Bicycle helmet use increased statistically significantly post‐legislation in all three of the studies reporting on helmet use.Authors' conclusionsBicycle helmet legislation appears to be effective in increasing helmet use and decreasing head injury rates in the populations for which it is implemented. However, there are very few high quality evaluative studies that measure these outcomes, and none that reported data on an possible declines in bicycle use.Plain language summaryTo be added.
Commentary on ‘Human recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis’
Authors: Joffe Ari R. , Duff Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Martí‐Carvajal A, Salanti G, Cardona AF. Human recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004388. DOI: 10.1002/14 651 858.CD004388.pub3.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Commentary on ‘Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux’
Authors: Shaikh Nader , Hoberman Alejandro , Keren Ron 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Hodson EM, Wheeler DM, Vimalchandra D, Smith GH, Craig JC. Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD001532. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD001532.pub3.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells veto CD8 T cell activation by antigen‐presenting dendritic cells
Authors: Schildberg Frank A. , Hegenbarth Silke I. , Schumak Beatrix , Limmer Andreas , Knolle Percy A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe liver is known to induce tolerance rather than immunity through tolerogenic antigen presentation or elimination of effector T cells. In particular, hepatic dendritic cells (DC) are known to be little immunogenic for CD8 T cells. Here, we investigated whether this peculiar phenotype resulted from interaction with resident hepatic cell populations. Contact of DC with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) but not hepatocytes or B cells vetoed antigen‐presenting DC to fully activate naive CD8 T cells. This MHC‐independent regulatory effect of LSEC on DC function was not connected to soluble mediators but required physical contact. Because interaction with third‐party LSEC still allowed antigen‐presenting DC to stimulate expression of initial activation markers on naive CD8 T cells and to stimulate activated CD8 T cells, we hypothesize that LSEC controlled the DC costimulatory function. Indeed, contact with LSEC led to reduced DC expression levels of CD80/86 or IL‐12, but supplementation of these signals failed to rescue the ability to prime naive CD8 T cells, indicating involvement of further molecules. Taken together, our results reveal a novel principle operative in hepatic tolerance induction, in which LSEC not only tolerize T cells themselves but also suppress neighboring APC normally capable of inducing T cell immunity.See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838296
The influence of Cu2+ on the unfolding and refolding of intact and proteolytically processed β2‐microglobulin
Authors: De Lorenzi Ersilia , Colombo Raffaella , Sabella Stefania , Corlin Dorthe B. , Heegaard Niels H. H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHuman β2‐microglobulin (β2m) is an amyloidogenic protein in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease and especially in those patients that need intermittent hemodialysis for longer periods, e.g., when awaiting transplantation. While many in vitro conditions induce β2m‐amyloid formation from wild‐type (wt) β2m and while a number of structurally altered β2m molecules are known to be conformationally unstable and amyloidogenic on their own, it is not known why β2m‐amyloid is generated in some dialysis patients. For many amyloid proteins it is known that divalent metal ions, especially Cu2+, display strong binding and distinct destabilizing effects on protein conformation. The present study uses CE to assess conformational states of wt and cleaved β2m (dK58‐β2m, β2m cleaved at lysine‐58, a modification found in the circulation of hemodialysis patients) in the presence of divalent metal ions. The experiments provide both qualitative and quantitative data showing the specific destabilizing effects of Cu2+‐ions on the folding of wt β2m. Both refolding after acid denaturation and solution structure of β2m under otherwise native conditions are severely influenced by Cu2+. An increased unfolding, aggregation, and induction of Congo red‐reactive molecular species in Cu2+‐incubated wt‐β2m could be demonstrated while the refolding kinetics of dK58‐β2m, already slower than the wt molecule, appeared not to be further decreased by Cu2+. Given the interest in the actions of metal ions in other types of amyloidosis, including, e.g., Alzheimer's disease and the prion encephalopathies, the use of microelectrophoretic methods to monitor unfolding and refolding of biomolecules available in scarce amounts as shown in this study is an attractive option.
Capillary electrophoretic separation of biologically active amines and acids using nanoparticle‐coated capillaries
Authors: Huang Yu‐Fen , Chiang Cheng‐Kang , Lin Yang‐Wei , Liu Kungtien , Hu Chou‐Chen , Bair Ming‐Jong , Chang Huan‐Tsung 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis manuscript describes dynamic coating of capillaries with poly(L‐lysine) (PLL) and silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and use of the as‐prepared capillaries for the separation of biogenic amines and acids by CE in conjunction with LIF detection. The directions of EOF are controlled by varying the outmost layer of the capillaries with PLL and SiO2 NPs, respectively. Over the pH range 3.0–5.0, the (PLL–SiO2NP)n–PLL capillaries have an EOF toward the anodic end and are more suitable for the separation of acids with respect to speed, while the (PLL–SiO2NP)n capillaries have an EOF toward the cathodic end and are more suitable for the separation of biogenic amines regarding speed and sensitivity. The separations of standard solutions containing five amines and two acids by CE with LIF detection using (PLL–SiO2NP)2–PLL and (PLL–SiO2NP)3 capillaries were accomplished within 10 and 7 min, providing plate numbers of 3.8 and 5.0×104 plates/m for 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), respectively. The LODs for 5‐HT and 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid (5‐HIAA) are 32 and 2 nM and 0.2 and 1.5 nM when using the (PLL–SiO2NP)2–PLL and (PLL–SiO2NP)3 capillaries, respectively. Identification and quantification of 5‐HIAA, homovanillic acid, and DL‐vanillomandelic acid in urine samples from a male before and after drinking green tea were tested to validate practicality of the present approach. The results show that the (PLL–SiO2NP)2–PLL capillary provides greater resolving power, while the (PLL–SiO2NP)3 capillary provides better sensitivity, higher efficiency, and longer durability for the separation of the amines and acids.
Determination of ethyl glucuronide in human serum by hyphenation of capillary isotachophoresis and zone electrophoresis
Authors: Nováková Michaela , Křivánková Ludmila 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe determination of ethyl glucuronide (EtG), a marker of recent alcohol consumption, in human serum by hyphenation of capillary ITP (CITP) and CZE is reported. For CITP step, 1×10−2 M hydrochloric acid adjusted with ϵ‐aminocaproic acid (EACA) to pH 4.4 was used as the leading electrolyte, and 1×10−2 M nicotinic acid with EACA, pH 4.4, was used as the terminating electrolyte (TE). All electrolytes contained 0.2% hydroxypropylcellulose to suppress electroosmosis. In CITP, EtG was separated from fast serum macrocomponents chloride, phosphate, lactate, and acetate. Zones of microcomponents including EtG that migrated between acetate and nicotinate were forwarded to the second capillary filled with a BGE identical with the TE. Conductivity detection was used in the CITP step. Sensitive detection in the CZE step was performed using indirect spectrophotometric detection at 254 nm. The assay is based on a 1:5 dilution of serum with deionized water and has a concentration LOD for EtG in diluted sample of 9.8×10−9 M. The method was used for the determination of EtG in sera of volunteers consuming alcohol.
Novel quantitative electrophoretic analysis of endotoxins on microchips
Authors: Kilár Anikó , Farkas Viktor , Kovács Krisztina , Kocsis Béla , Kilár Ferenc 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA novel microchip electrophoresis method was developed and applied for sensitive detection and quantitative analysis of endotoxins extracted from Gram‐negative bacteria. The method provides a fast and quantitative differentiation of smooth and rough endotoxins based on the solubilization and complexation of the lipopolysaccharides with dodecylsulfate, and then with a fluorescent dye. The migration of the complexes was followed by LIF detection. The novel method is able to replace the SDS‐PAGE with the advantage of high speed and better sensitivity, and by avoiding the laborious gel‐preparation and silver staining.
High‐resolution computer simulation of electrophoretic mobilization in isoelectric focusing
Authors: Thormann Wolfgang , Mosher Richard A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCationic and anionic electrophoretic mobilization for focusing of hemoglobins (Hb's) in the presence of 100 carrier ampholytes covering a pI range of 6.00–7.98 was studied by computer simulation at a constant current density of 300 A/m2. Electropherograms that would be produced by whole column imaging and by single detectors placed at different locations along the focusing column are presented. Upon mobilization, peak heights of the Hb zones decrease, but the zones retain a relatively sharp constant profile and are migrating at a constant velocity. A further peak decrease occurs during readjustment at the locations of the original buffer/column interfaces, indicating that detection sensitivity is the lowest at these locations. An anionic carrier ampholyte mobility smaller than that of its cationic species produces a cathodic drift which is smaller than the transport rate used for electrophoretic mobilization. Compared to the case with equal mobilities of carrier ampholyte species, a small increase (decrease) is predicted for the cationic (anionic) mobilization rate within the focusing column. Simulation data suggest that electrophoretic mobilization after focusing and focusing with concurrent electrophoretic mobilization are comparable isotachophoretic processes that occur when there is an uninterrupted flux of an ion through the focusing column. Cathodic drift caused by unequal mobilities of the species of carrier ampholytes, electrophoretic mobilization, and decomposition occurring at the pH gradient edges are related electrophoretic processes.
Inference from genome‐wide association studies using a novel Markov model
Authors: Hosking Fay J. , Sterne Jonathan A. C. , Smith George Davey , Green Peter J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this paper we propose a Bayesian modeling approach to the analysis of genome‐wide association studies based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Our latent seed model combines various aspects of k‐means clustering, hidden Markov models (HMMs) and logistic regression into a fully Bayesian model. It is fitted using the Markov chain Monte Carlo stochastic simulation method, with Metropolis‐Hastings update steps. The approach is flexible, both in allowing different types of genetic models, and because it can be easily extended while remaining computationally feasible due to the use of fast algorithms for HMMs. It allows for inference primarily on the location of the causal locus and also on other parameters of interest. The latent seed model is used here to analyze three data sets, using both synthetic and real disease phenotypes with real SNP data, and shows promising results. Our method is able to correctly identify the causal locus in examples where single SNP analysis is both successful and unsuccessful at identifying the causal SNP. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magneto‐optical characteristics of human sperms: normal and deformed
Authors: Sakhnini Lama , Dairi Maheen , Manaa Hacene 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this study we report on magnetic orientation of human sperms. Samples were taken from 17 donors. Normal human sperms became oriented with their long axis perpendicular to the magnetic field (1 T maximum). Total orientation was achieved with magnetic field of about 1 T, while for abnormal sperms the magnetic behavior was different. The dependence of the measured degree of orientation on the intensity of the magnetic field was in good agreement with the theoretical equation for the magnetic orientation of diamagnetic substances. As a result of a numerical analysis based on the equation, the anisotropic diamagnetic susceptibility of normal sperm was found to be Δχ = 8 × 10–20 J/T2. The degree of orientation was influenced by the alterations in the shape of the head, body or the tail. It has been suggested that the DNA in the sperm head retain the strong magnetic anisotropy to counterbalance the magnetic anisotropy retained by flagellum microtubules. Recent studies demonstrated a well‐defined nuclear architecture in human sperm nucleus, where the head morphology has significant correlation with sperm chromatin structure assay SCSA. Then, as the methods to evaluate SCSA can be difficult and expensive our simple magnetic orientation technique can be an alternative to diagnose alteration in DNA. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pre‐treatment and utilization of raw glycerol from sunflower oil biodiesel for growth and 1,3‐propanediol production by Clostridium butyricum
Authors: Asad‐ur‐Rehman  , Wijesekara R.G Saman , Nomura Nakao , Sato Seigo , Matsumura Masatoshi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective of the present work is to report an efficient pre‐treatment process for sunflower oil biodiesel raw glycerol (SOB‐RG) and its fermentation to 1,3‐propanediol.RESULTS: The growth inhibition percentages of Clostridium butyricum DSM 5431 on grade A (pH 4.0) and grade B (pH 5.0) phosphoric acid‐treated SOB‐RG were similar to those of pure glycerol at 20 g glycerol L−1; i.e., 18.5 ± 0.707% to 20.5 ± 0.7% inhibition. In grade A, growth inhibition was reduced from 85.25 ± 0.35% to 32 ± 1.4% (a 53.25% reduction) at 40 g glycerol L−1 by washing grade A raw glycerol twice with n‐hexanol (grade A‐2). The kinetic parameters for product formation and substrate consumption in anaerobic batch cultures gave almost similar values at 20 g glycerol L−1, while at 50 g glycerol L−1 volumetric productivity (Qp) and specific rate of 1,3‐propanediol formation (qp) were improved from 1.13 to 1.85 g L−1 h−1 and 1.60 to 2.65 g g−1 h−1, respectively, by employing grade A‐2 raw glycerol, while the yields were similar (0.5–0.52 g g−1).CONCLUSION: The results are important as the pre‐treatment of SOB‐RG is necessary to develop bioprocess technologies for conversion of SOB‐RG to 1,3‐propanediol. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry