bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling the Xinanjiang model to a kinematic flow model based on digital drainage networks for flood forecasting
Authors: Liu Jintao , Chen Xi , Zhang Jiabao , Flury Markus 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Xinanjiang model, which is a conceptual rainfall‐runoff model and has been successfully and widely applied in humid and semi‐humid regions in China, is coupled by the physically based kinematic wave method based on a digital drainage network. The kinematic wave Xinanjiang model (KWXAJ) uses topography and land use data to simulate runoff and overland flow routing. For the modelling, the catchment is subdivided into numerous hillslopes and consists of a raster grid of flow vectors that define the water flow directions. The Xinanjiang model simulates the runoff yield in each grid cell, and the kinematic wave approach is then applied to a ranked raster network. The grid‐based rainfall‐runoff model was applied to simulate basin‐scale water discharge from an 805‐km2 catchment of the Huaihe River, China. Rainfall and discharge records were available for the years 1984, 1985, 1987, 1998 and 1999. Eight flood events were used to calibrate the model's parameters and three other flood events were used to validate the grid‐based rainfall‐runoff model. A Manning's roughness via a linear flood depth relationship was suggested in this paper for improving flood forecasting. The calibration and validation results show that this model works well. A sensitivity analysis was further performed to evaluate the variation of topography (hillslopes) and land use parameters on catchment discharge. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel human breast cancer cell lines IBH‐4, IBH‐6, and IBH‐7 growing in nude mice
Authors: Bruzzone Ariana , Vanzulli Silvia Inés , Soldati Rocío , Giulianelli Sebastián , Lanari Claudia , Lüthy Isabel Alicia 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. However, in vivo hormone receptor positive and metastatic models are scarce. The aim of the present manuscript was to assess if the novel steroid receptor positive human cell lines IBH‐4, IBH‐6, and IBH‐7 developed in our laboratory from primary infiltrant ductal carcinomas are good models to study in vivo human breast cancer. Cell lines or tumors were inoculated to nude mice in the presence or absence of hormone supplementation. Growth was analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer's test. Steroid hormone expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The histology of the tumors was analyzed. IBH‐4 and IBH‐6 cells were inoculated to nude mice and 100% of the injected mice developed tumors in the presence or absence of hormone treatment, although tamoxifen inhibited growth. IBH‐4 and IBH‐6 cell lines in vivo gave rise to poorly differentiated carcinomas with areas of solid growth and sarcomatoid areas showing no morphological signs of epithelial differentiation. Distinct features of malignancy were observed. IBH‐7 tumors in animals receiving estradiol were semi‐differentiated adenocarcinomas. IBH‐7 cells grew only in the presence of estradiol, but even with hormone addition, the tumor take was 20%. These tumors metastasized to the uterus and lung and vascular tumor emboli were evident. IBH‐7 tumors were invasive and able to break through the peritoneum. As a conclusion, IBH‐4 and IBH‐6 are good models for studying tumor progression, whereas IBH‐7 is a good model for tumor take, being metastatic and strictly estrogen‐dependent. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 477–484, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
5′‐N‐ethylcarboxamide induces IL‐6 expression via MAPKs and NF‐κB activation through Akt, Ca2+/PKC, cAMP signaling pathways in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Kim Mi Ok , Kim Min Hee , Lee Sang Hun , Suh Han Na , Lee Yu Jin , Lee Min Yong , Han Ho Jae 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMany studies suggest that adenosine modulates cell responses in a wide array of tissues through potent and selective regulation of cytokine production. This study examined the effects of adenosine on interleukin (IL)‐6 expression and its related signal pathways in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. In this study, the adenosine analogue 5′‐N‐ethylcarboxamide (NECA) increased IL‐6 protein expression level. Mouse ES cells expressed the A1, A2A, A2B, and A3adenosine receptors (ARs), whose expression levels were increased by NECA and NECA‐induced increase of IL‐6 mRNA expression or secretion level was inhibited by the non‐specific AR inhibitor, caffeine. NECA increased Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation, intracellular Ca2+and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, which were blocked by caffeine. On the other hand, NECA‐induced IL‐6 secretion was partially inhibited by Akt inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I (PKC inhibitor), SQ 22536 (adenylate cyclate inhibitor) and completely blocked by the 3 inhibitor combination treatment. In addition, NECA increased mitogen activated protein kinase' (MAPK) phosphorylation, which were partially inhibited by the Akt inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I, and SQ 22536 and completely blocked by the 3 inhibitor combination treatment. NECA‐induced increases of IL‐6 protein expression and secretion levels were inhibited by MAPK inhibition. NECA‐induced increase of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB phosphorylation was inhibited by MAPK inhibitors. NECA also increased cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation, which was blocked by MAPK or NF‐κB inhibitors. Indeed, NECA‐induced increase of IL‐6 protein expression and secretion was blocked by NF‐κB inhibitors. In conclusion, NECA stimulated IL‐6 expression via MAPK and NF‐κB activation through Akt, Ca2+/PKC, and cAMP signaling pathways in mouse ES cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 752–759, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protective immunity against porcine circovirus 2 in mice induced by a gene‐based combination vaccination
Authors: Aravindaram Kandan , Kuo Tsun‐Yung , Lan Chun‐Wen , Yu Hsiu‐Hui , Wang Pei‐Hsueh , Chen Yu‐San , Chen Gabriel Hsu‐Chung , Yang Ning‐Sun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary cause of an emerging swine disease, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, that is responsible for economic losses. To develop an effective vaccine for PCV2, we evaluated a heterologous prime‐boost vaccine approach, using a gene gun‐mediated naked DNA vector as a priming and modified vaccinia virus ankara (MVA) as a booster, in Balb/c mice.MethodsThree open reading frames (ORF) of PCV2 viral samples from infected pigs were amplified, and gene gun‐mediated DNA priming vaccination was performed followed by boosts with MVA vectors expressing the same ORFs of PCV2. After vaccination, mice were challenged with PCV2 virus, and virus titers in the lungs and lymph nodes were measured.ResultsThe combination of ORF‐2 and ‐3 in this gene‐based vaccine strategy resulted in high antibody titers and virus neutralization activity in serum, reduced PCV2 virus load, and reduced levels of apoptosis in the lungs. No cross‐reaction was observed between ORF‐1 and ‐2, but weak cross‐reaction was observed between ORF‐1 and ‐3, and between ORF‐2 and ‐3. Following vaccination, expression of chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, increased significantly. The expression of T helper 1‐type cytokine (interferon‐γ) and specific lysis of PCV2‐infected cells increased; concomitantly, the level of T helper 2‐type cytokine (interleukin‐10) decreased in test mice. The expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor increased significantly in mice vaccinated with ORF‐2/‐3, and with ORF‐1/‐2/‐3.ConclusionsThis prime‐boost vaccination strategy, using a gene gun for DNA priming and recombinant MVA for boosts, may be an attractive vaccine strategy against PCV2 infection in swine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barriers to managing chronic illness among urban households in coastal Kenya
Authors: Porter Thomas , Chuma Jane , Molyneux Catherine 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe burden of chronic illnesses is rising throughout the world but information on barriers to managing such diseases in developing countries is scarce. Qualitative data from focus group discussions and interview transcripts from a longitudinal study involving 22 households in urban, coastal Kenya were analysed. Themes around barriers to chronic illness care were identified and a conceptual framework developed which described relationships between these themes. The main barrier to chronic illness management was the cost of care. Other barriers identified were patient knowledge and beliefs, stigma, quality and trust in providers and long care pathways. Household resilience was adversely affected by chronic illness, further reducing households' ability to cope with illness. Policy options to address the barriers identified are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineered 5S ribosomal RNAs displaying aptamers recognizing vascular endothelial growth factor and malachite green
Authors: Zhang Xing , Potty Ajish S. R. , Jackson George W. , Stepanov Victor , Tang Andrew , Liu Yamei , Kourentzi Katerina , Strych Ulrich , Fox George E. , Willson Richard C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn previous work, Vibrio proteolyticus 5S rRNA was shown to stabilize 13–50 nucleotide “guest” RNA sequences for expression in Escherichia coli. The expressed chimeric RNAs accumulated to high levels in E. coli without being incorporated into ribosomes and without obvious effects on the host cells. In this work, we inserted sequences encoding known aptamers recognizing a protein and an organic dye into the 5S rRNA carrier and showed that aptamer function is preserved in the chimeras. A surface plasmon resonance competitive binding assay demonstrated that a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) aptamer/5S rRNA chimera produced in vitro by transcriptional runoff could compete with a DNA aptamer for VEGF, implying binding of the growth factor by the VEGF “ribosomal RNA aptamer.” Separately, a 5S rRNA chimera displaying an aptamer known to increase the fluorescence of malachite green (MG) also enhanced MG fluorescence. Closely related control rRNA molecules showed neither activity. The MG aptamer/5S rRNA chimera, like the original MG aptamer, also increased the fluorescence of other triphenyl methane (TPM) dyes such as crystal violet, methyl violet, and brilliant green, although less effectively than with MG. These results indicate that the molecular recognition properties of aptamers are not lost when they are expressed in the context of a stable 5S rRNA carrier. Inclusion of the aptamer in a carrier may facilitate production of large quantities of RNA aptamers, and may open an approach to screening aptamer libraries in vivo. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐phase fragmentation of protonated C60‐pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Ramos Catarina I. V. , Santana‐Marques M. G. , Enes Roger F. , Tomé Augusto C. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Nogueras Manuel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractElectrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS) and multiple stage mass spectrometry (MSn, n > 2) were used in the positive ion mode, with two different types of mass spectrometers, a quadrupole time‐of‐flight and an ion trap, to characterize two sets of different types of C60‐aminopyrimidine exohedral derivatives. In one set, the pyrimidine moiety bears an amino acid methyl ester residue, and in the other the pyrimidine ring is part of a nucleoside‐type moiety, the latter existing as two separated diastereoisomers.We have found that retro‐cycloaddition processes occur for the closed shell protonated species formed by electrospraying C60 derivatives synthesized by Diels–Alder reactions, whereas for the C60 derivatives synthesized via 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions, these processes did not occur. Formation of diagnostic ions allowed the differentiation between the two groups of fullerene derivatives, and between the diastereoisomers of C60 derivatives with a nucleoside‐type moiety. In general, the fragmentation processes are strongly dependent on the protonation sites and on the structure of the exohedral moieties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and theoretical Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of cysteine
Authors: Diaz Fleming Guillermo , Finnerty Justin J. , Campos‐Vallette Marcelo , Célis Freddy , Aliaga Alvaro E. , Fredes Carlos , Koch Rainer 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRaman spectra in solid and 1 M solution of L‐cysteine and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of this molecule in the zwitterionic form, by using colloidal silver nanoparticles, have been recorded. Density functional theory with the B3LYP functional was used for the optimizations of the ground state geometries and simulation of the vibrational spectrum of this amino acid. The SERS spectrum with a large silver cluster as a model metallic surface was simulated for the first time. Taking into account the experimental and calculated Raman and SERS vibrations and the corresponding assignments, as well as a comparison of force constants and geometrical parameters between the free zwitterion cysteine and the one in the presence of the colloidal silver nanoparticles, we can confirm the presence of gauche (PH) and trans (PN) rotamers in the solid state, the formation of a SS bond in the solution state, the dissociation of the peptide bond and mixing of rotamers because of the SERS effect, and the relative importance of the interaction of sulphyldryl, NH3+, and carboxylate groups with the metallic surface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile synthesis of micron‐sized hollow copper spheres with ZSM‐5 molecular sieve as a template
Authors: Xia Lixin , Liu Guangye , Wang Jian , Luo Song 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new, well‐designed type of micron‐sized hollow copper spheres was synthesized in this article. The process was performed using ZSM‐5 molecular sieve as a template. It has the prominent advantage in that the various stages of pretreatment for the core material can be omitted because of the inherent nature of the ZSM‐5 molecular sieve. The surface of the sieve consists entirely of negatively charged oxygen sites such that free Cu2+ ions can easily be adsorbed and reduced there, acting thereafter as a seed and self‐catalyst for electroless plating of copper so as to lead to the formation of interconnected Cu particles around the external surface of the ZSM‐5 molecular sieve. Moreover, there are many holes with a size of more than 5 × 5 Å2 on the surface of the ZSM‐5 molecular sieve, which can act as concavities that the reduced Cu can ‘rivet’ into, resulting in the link between the molecular sieve and the reduced Cu being stronger. In addition, the ZSM‐5 molecular sieve has the merits of ease of removal, low cost, and less aggregation owing to its micrometer size, and it avoids the use of nonvolatile surfactants, which may be adsorbed onto the reduced Cu and then interfere with the possible application of the hollow copper spheres in catalysis and in analytical devices based on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The copper spheres obtained show enhanced Raman scattering in the presence of adsorbed 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid (4‐MBA) with excitation at 632.8 nm, and the enhancement factor reaches ∼7 × 103. The new micron‐sized hollow copper spheres are produced in a simple and cost‐effective method; so they are expected to play an important role in the fields of catalysts, fillers, and engineering, and in the development of SERS‐based analytical devices. The synthetic method may represent a novel route to prepare hollow metal spheres, which is a subject of intense interest. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observing hydrogen silsesquioxane cross‐linking with broadband CARS
Authors: Caster Allison G. , Kowarik Stefan , Schwartzberg Adam M. , Nicolet Olivier , Lim Sang‐Hyun , Leone Stephen R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBroadband coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (CARS microscopy) is used for real‐time measurements of in situ cross‐linking of the photoresist material hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ). Using samples baked at different temperatures, and therefore cross‐linked to varying degrees, characteristic Raman bands are identified for the open ‘cage’ structure (345 cm−1, 454 cm−1 and 562 cm−1) as well as the cross‐linked ‘network’ structure (484 cm−1). Cross‐linking can also be induced by absorption of high intensity near‐infrared (IR) laser light (∼1013 W cm−2) and followed in real time by monitoring the characteristic Raman bands. Using the time resolution of CARS to follow the HSQ reaction during the laser exposure, a two‐stage kinetic process is observed and associated time constants of 20 ± 10 s and 3 ± 1 min are determined for the IR laser‐induced cross‐linking in films of ∼1 µm thickness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectra and structure of a 25mer HCV RNA
Authors: Carmona Pedro , Molina Marina , Rodríguez‐Casado Arantxa 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe have employed Raman spectroscopy to investigate the conformation of an (Hepatitis C virus) HCV RNA 25mer (1–25 nucleotides) in solution. The principal findings of this study are (1) the A‐form secondary structure involving C3′‐endo/anti ribofuranose pucker is predominant; (2) some uridine and guanosine nucleoside residues adopt the C2′‐endo/anti and C3′‐endo/syn conformations, respectively, which appear in looped nucleotide sequences; and (3) six out of nine guanine residues are base‐paired probably forming a stem. These results are interpreted as formation of a hairpin whose secondary structure is consistent with that proposed on the basis of phylogenetic comparisons with other viral RNAs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancements in intensity and thermal stability of Raman spectra based on roughened gold substrates modified by underpotential deposition of silver
Authors: Liu Yu‐Chuan , Yang Kuang‐Hsuan , Hsu Ting‐Chu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this study, electrochemically roughened gold is modified with underpotential deposition (UPD) silver to investigate the effects on enhancements in the intensity and the thermal stability of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The SERS of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) adsorbed on the UPD Ag‐modified Au substrate exhibits a higher intensity by six‐fold of magnitude, as compared with that of R6G adsorbedon the unmodified Au substrate. Moreover, the SERS enhancement capabilities of UPD Ag‐modified Au and unmodified Au substrates are seriously depressed at temperatures higher than 200 and 150 °C, respectively. It indicates that the modification of UPD Ag can significantly depress the thermal destruction of SERS‐active substrates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The chip‐processing potential of four potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars in response to long‐term cold storage and reconditioning
Authors: Kyriacou Marios C , Siomos Anastasios S , Ioannides Ioannnis M , Gerasopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The reconditioning potential of four potato cultivars (Diamant, Hermes, Lady Rosetta and Spunta) was evaluated in three years of crop production. After 30, 60, 120 and 150 days of storage at 4.5 °C, cultivars were reconditioned at 16 °C for 0, 15 and 30 days before being evaluated for sprout growth, tuber fresh weight loss (FWL), sucrose content, reducing sugar (RS) content (sum of glucose and fructose contents) and chip fry colour (FCL).RESULTS: Reconditioning induced rapid sprouting and pronounced FWL after 120 days of storage. Storage (30–150 days) was not critical to FCL and RS but affected sucrose levels. All cultivars showed an improvement in FCL and a reduction in RS and sucrose after reconditioning. The increment in FCL improvement and RS and sucrose depletion was greater between days 0 and 15 of reconditioning than between days 15 and 30 of reconditioning. Year contribution was significant to FCL and RS but not to sucrose variance. Acceptable FCL was attained after 15 days of reconditioning of Hermes and after 30 days for Lady Rosetta, while Diamant and Spunta remained substandard. RS levels in response to reconditioning were lowest in Hermes and Lady Rosetta.CONCLUSION: FCL conformed to tuber RS accumulation profiles. Cultivar RS ranking following reconditioning remained unaltered from year to year throughout storage. RS and FCL during the first 30 days of cold storage may be a reliable comparative index of reconditioning potential, as high‐RS‐accumulating and poor‐chipping cultivars exhibit inadequate response to reconditioning. Tuber sucrose appeared of little significance as an index of the reconditioning ability of cultivars. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Less common applications of monoliths: IV. Recent developments in immobilized enzyme reactors for proteomics and biotechnology
Authors: Krenkova Jana , Svec Frantisek 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUse of monolithic supports for enzyme immobilization has rapidly expanded since we published the preceding paper in the series of articles concerned with this topic almost three years ago. Many groups worldwide have realized the benefits of applying monoliths as support structures and used a variety of techniques to immobilize many different enzymes. Although some of these new developments are just refinements of the methods developed previously, some notable new approaches have also been reported. This review summarizes the literature published since 2006 and demonstrates the broad variability of reactive monoliths prepared from silica as well as from organic polymers in the form of disks, columns, and capillaries. All these monoliths were prepared by direct formation from reactive precursors or activation of preformed inactive structures. Interestingly, most of the applications of monolithic enzyme reactors target proteolytic digestion of proteins for proteomic analysis.
Quercetin‐induced apoptotic cascade in cancer cells: Antioxidantversusestrogen receptor α‐dependent mechanisms
Authors: Galluzzo Paola , Martini Chiara , Bulzomi Pamela , Leone Stefano , Bolli Alessandro , Pallottini Valentina , Marino Maria 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe flavonol quercetin, especially abundant in apple, wine, and onions, is reported to have anti‐proliferative effects in many cancer cell lines. Antioxidant or pro‐oxidant activities and kinase inhibition have been proposed as molecular mechanisms for these effects. In addition, an estrogenic activity has been observed but, at the present, it is poorly understood whether this latter activity plays a role in the quercetin‐induced anti‐proliferative effects. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms of quercetin committed to the generation of an apoptotic cascade in cancer cells devoid or containing transfected estrogen receptor α (ERα;i.e., human cervix epitheloid carcinoma HeLa cells). Although none of tested quercetin concentrations increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HeLa cells, quercetin stimulation prevents the H2O2‐induced ROS production both in the presence and in the absence of ERα. However, this flavonoid induces the activation of p38/MAPK, leading to the pro‐apoptotic caspase‐3 activation and to the poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage only in the presence of ERα. Notably, no down‐regulation of survival kinases (i.e., AKT and ERK) was reported. Taken together, these findings suggest that quercetin results in HeLa cell death through an ERα‐dependent mechanism involving caspase‐ and p38 kinase activation. These findings indicate new potential chemopreventive actions of flavonoids on cancer growth.