bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of sputtering conditions and electron energy on XPS depth profiling of Ge in SiO2
Authors: Oswald S. , Schmidt B. , Heinig K.‐H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractGe nanocluster formation in SiO2 is of growing interest for new electronic applications. Ion beam synthesis using high‐energy Ge implantation connected with thermal annealing is one possible preparation method of such clusters. In addition to investigations of electrical and structural changes during the cluster formation process we also studied chemical changes in the samples using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This was done with low‐energy noble gas ion sputtering for depth profiling. Binding state information one can get from the XPS data by means of factor analysis (FA) in combination with other structural investigations. However, mixed bonding states probably created by ion beam damage during sputter erosion are dominating the results. It is shown, that by changing the experimental conditions (ion beam impact depth during sputtering, electron information depth during XPS measurement) these mixed states are influenced in an appropriate manner. It is concluded that useful chemical information on the behavior of the implanted Ge can be derived despite of the ion beam damage. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal conductivity of Tb2(MoO4)3 crystals at low temperatures
Authors: Mielcarek S. , Tylczyński Z. , Trybuła Z. , Łoś S. , Mroz B. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThermal conductivity of the improper ferroic Tb2(MoO4)3 was measured in the range 0.3 K–100 K by the method of the stationary heat flow. An additional maximum in thermal conductivity observed at 0.45 K is due to the anomaly of specific heat corresponding to the antiferromagnetic phase transition. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
UV, violet and blue‐green luminescence from RF sputter deposited ZnO:Al thin films
Authors: Prabakar K. , Kim Choongmo , Lee Chongmu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe mechanism of ultraviolet (UV), violet and blue green emission from ZnO:Al (AZO) thin films deposited at different radio frequency (r.f.) powers on glass substrates was investigated. The structure and surface morphology of AZO films have also been observed. The optical transmittance spectra shows more than 80% transmittance in the visible region and the band gap is found to be directly allowed. From the photoluminescence measurement, intense UV and blue green luminescence is obtained for the samples deposited at higher sputtering powers. The mechanism of luminescence suggests that UV luminescence of AZO thin film is related to the transition from near band edge to the valence band and the concentration of antisite oxide (Ozn) increases with increase in r.f. power which in turn increases the intensity of green band emission while the violet PL is due to the defect level transition in the grain boundaries of AZO films. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical instability in a semiconductor gas discharge system
Authors: Kurt H. Y. , Salamov B. G. , Mammadov T. S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractElectrical instability in a SI GaAs plates of the semiconductor gas discharge gap system (SGDGS) is studied experimentally in a wide range of the gas pressures, interelectrode distances and different diameters of the cathode areas. While being driven with a stationary voltage, it generates current and discharge light emission (DLE) instabilities with different amplitudes of the oscillation. It is shown that under the experimental conditions the interelectrode distance played only a passive role and was not responsible for the appearance of the DLE instability. At the same time for different diameters D of the GaAs plate areas the expanded range of current and DLE oscillations are observed. SGDGS with an N‐shaped CVC was analyzed using both the current and DLE data showing the electrical instability in the GaAs cathode. It was found that application of high feeding voltage to this cathode give rise to non‐uniform spatial distribution of the DLE, which disturbed the operation of the system. The experiment presents also a new metod to study and visualization of the electrical instabilities in high‐resistivity GaAs plates of large diameter. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of 2,6‐dibenzylidenecyclohexanone single crystal
Authors: Udaya Lakshmi K. , Ramamurthi K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFollowing the temperature reduction method, growth of single crystals of organic 2,6‐dibenzylidenecyclohexanone (DBCH) material from ethanol solution is reported in the present work. Solubility and metastable zone width measurements were carried out under stirring and nonstirring conditions of solution. Cell dimensions were obtained from single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. From FT‐IR spectral analysis, various functional groups of this crystal were identified. UV‐Visible spectral analysis was made. Mechanical strength of the grown crystal was estimated on the prominent (110) face using a Vickers microhardness tester. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The use of economic, social and environmental indicators as a measure of sustainable development in Spain
Authors: Gallego Isabel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn recent years the concept of corporate social responsibility has gained prominence among academics from a wide range of disciplines. According to the Green Paper issued by the Commission of the European Communities in July 2001, corporate social responsibility is defined as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis.The problem is how firms have made known the information on corporate social responsibility. With this in mind, we undertook the present work in an attempt to verify empirically how certain Spanish firms present their economic, social and environmental information, how they use the indicators proposed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) that are accepted in all countries and how this information can affect sustainable development.To perform this study we examined some Spanish firms that present economic, social and environmental information according to the GRI framework.Certain relevant conclusions indicate that in Spain in the last few years there has been an increase and an improvement in the information given by firms on economic, social and environmental concerns and that the information most presented by firms has to do with the social indicators related to labour, practices and decent work, strategy and management, non‐discrimination, freedom of association, child labour and forced and compulsory labour as well as the environmental indicators related to energy, water, biodiversity and emissions, effluents and waste. This information reveals the great importance afforded in Spain to social and environmental information for sustainable development. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Foreign direct investment and hydropower in Lao PDR: the Theun‐Hinboun hydropower project
Authors: Virtanen Maarit 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and especially the role of hydropower projects in achieving national development goals in the Lao PDR. It focuses on the environmental and social impacts of large‐scale projects by using the Theun‐Hinboun hydropower project as an example of controversies related to development interventions affecting livelihoods dependent on the natural resource base. Findings suggest that even though the Theun‐Hinboun hydropower project has evolved into a kind of model project, several questions related to the final impact on poverty reduction, mitigation of environmental and social impacts and the participation of project affected people remain open. The relative success of Theun‐Hinboun may not be easily repeated, especially as planned new hydropower schemes cause even more profound impacts on still largely subsistence based livelihoods and the environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The Italian experience in social reporting: an empirical analysis
Authors: Secchi Davide 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis analysis tries to discover an empirical validation to back up the hypothesis that the Italian phenomenon of social reporting has changed with regard to the past and is growing in importance. After considering the evolution of Italian literature on the issue, the paper tries to find connections between this literature and social reporting practices. Empirical findings are based on 62 Italian social reports. The paper tries to answer three questions: (a) what kind of organization publishes social reports; (b) what are the main differences, if any, between different reports belonging to diverse organizations; (c) which are the leading models. Social reports have been sorted according to three main issues: report objectives, emerging models and stakeholder mapping. Collected data suggest that there is a common ground for organizations in socially responsible behaviour, but also that this common ground fits the need of every single organization. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Adventures in Vanadocene Chemistry
Authors: Choukroun Robert , Lorber Christian 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis review surveys some aspects of the chemistry of [VCp2]. The high potential of vanadocene [VCp2] (and [V(CO)Cp2]) in organometallic chemistry is illustrated by new organometallic architectures. The rich redox chemistry of [VCp2] is shown by incorporation of this fragment into various C≡C and C≡N bonds. This molecular approach allows the connection of two (or more) paramagnetic centers through an organic linker in order to build magnetic nanoscopic organometallic wires. [VCp2] has also been studied in the field of materials such as vanadium carbide (VC) ceramics and in its role as a reducing agent toward elements of groups 8–10 to prepare Fe, Rh, and Pd colloids. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cyclometalated Ruthenium Compounds Containing 2‐(2′‐Pyridyl)‐ 4‐methylphenyl and Benzo[h]quinolyl Ligands
Authors: Zhang Qian‐Feng , Cheung Ka‐Man , Williams Ian D. , Leung Wa‐Hung 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTransmetalation of Hg(ptpy)2 [Hptpy = 2‐(4‐tolylpyridine) with Cp*Ru(NO)Cl2 (Cp* = η5‐C5Me5)] gave [Cp*Ru(NO)(ptpy)]2[Hg2Cl6] ([1]2·Hg2Cl6) whereas that with [Cp*RuCl2]x gave the dinuclear RuII–RuIV compound [Cp*Ru(μ‐η6:η2‐ptpy)RuCl2Cp*][Hg2Cl6] (2). Treatment of Ru(3‐phenylindenylid‐1‐ene)Cl2(PPh3)2 with Hg(ptpy)2 resulted in coupling of ptpy with the 3‐phenylidenylid‐1‐ene ligand, and the formation of Ru(Ph‐ind‐ptpy)(PPh3)Cl {Ph‐ind‐tpy = 3‐phenyl‐1‐[2‐(4‐toyl)pyridyl]indenyl} (3), in which the chelated [Ph‐ind‐tpy]– ligand binds to Ru through the η5‐indenyl ring and the pendant pyridyl group. Treatment of [Ru(CO)2Cl2]n with [Hg(ptpy)Cl]2 afforded [Ru(ptpy)(CO)2]2(μ‐Cl)2 (8). Irradiation of cis‐[Ru(bzq)2(CO)2] (Hbzq = benzo[h]quinoline) with UV light in MeCN afforded cis‐[Ru(bzq)2(CO)(MeCN)] (9). Photolysis of cis‐[Ru(bzq)2(CO)2] in THF in the presence of PPh3 and pyridine (py) afforded cis‐[Ru(bzq)2(CO)(L)] [L = PPh3 (10), py (11)]. The crystal structures of complexes 1–3, 8, and 10 have been determined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Novel Chemical Reduction Route towards the Synthesis of Crystalline Nickel Nanoflowers from a Mixed Source
Authors: Ni Xiaomin , Zhao Qingbiao , Zheng Huagui , Li Beibei , Song Jimei , Zhang Dongen , Zhang Xiaojun 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA novel chemical reduction route was designed for the synthesis of nickel nanocrystals with distinct flowery shapes by using a mixture of two complexes of Ni(N2H4)32+ and Ni(dmg)2 (nickel dimethylglyoximate) as the nickel source. Formation of these flowers, comprising spherical centers and swordlike petals, was related to the varying stability and structural properties of the two precursors as well as the reaction conditions. Investigations of the time‐dependent shape‐evolution process indicated that spherical particles were formed first as flower centers, and then swordlike petals grew radially from the particle surfaces. A rational mechanism of formation was proposed on the basis of a range of contrasting experiments. Compared with bulk nickel, these nanoflowers exhibited an enhanced coercivity (Hc) and a decreased saturation magnetization (Ms); this fact is attributed to their peculiar morphology. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Low‐Temperature Flux Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Ce‐Doped Luminescence of the First Lutetium Diphosphate NH4LuP2O7
Authors: Li Man‐Rong , Liu Wei , Chen Hao‐Hong , Yang Xin‐Xin , Wei Zan‐Bin , Cao Dun‐Hua , Gu Mu , Zhao Jing‐Tai 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe first lutetium diphosphate NH4LuP2O7 has been prepared by a two‐step, low‐temperature self‐flux synthesis in the presence of the F– anion, functioning as a mineralizer, which played a significant role in the synthetic process. The crystal structure has been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in a monoclinic system of the space group P21/c (No. 14), a = 7.651(2) Å, b = 10.789(2) Å, c = 8.577(2) Å, β = 105.75(3)°, V = 681.4(2) Å3, Z = 4. The three‐dimensional framework of NH4LuP2O7, composed of Lu2P4O14 building units formed by vertex‐linking LuO6 and P2O7 goups, is isostructural with compounds of the type KAlP2O7 in the ternary diphosphate(AIMIIIP2O7) system. X‐ray‐excited luminescence measurements of Ce‐activated samples show insteresting scintillation properties with a short decay time of 16 ns at room temperature. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
[MCl(ligand)]+ Complexes (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) with a P,N,N Terdentate Ligand – Solid State and Solution Structures and Catalytic Activity of the PdII Derivative in the Heck Reaction
Authors: Del Zotto Alessandro , Zangrando Ennio , Baratta Walter , Felluga Alessandro , Martinuzzi Paolo , Rigo Pierluigi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNiII, PdII and PtII cationic complexes of the general formula [MCl(PNN)]PF6, where PNN is the terdentate ligand N‐[2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)benzylidene][2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethyl]amine, have been synthesised and fully characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy. The diamagnetic NiII complex 1 shows fluxionality, which can be attributed to a conformational rearrangement of the two six‐membered chelate rings. On the contrary, the PdII 2 and PtII 3 derivatives are stereochemically rigid on the NMR timescale. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 are reported, which show a planar geometry for both complexes. Complex 2 has been investigated as a precatalyst in the Heck coupling between styrene and bromobenzene. Interestingly, the nature of the solvent has a critical role in determining the yield of the reaction product. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Asymmetric [2+2] Cycloaddition of (E)‐2‐(Diphenylphosphanyl)styrene Promoted by a Chiral Metal Template
Authors: Yeo Wee‐Chuan , Tan Geok‐Kheng , Lin Koh Lip , Leung Pak‐Hing 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn organoplatinum complex containing the (S)‐form of orthometalated [1‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]naphthalene as the chiral auxiliary promotes the asymmetric [2+2] dimerization of (E)‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)styrene to generate two isomeric chelating diphosphanyl‐substituted cyclobutane platinum template complexes in the ratio of 6:1. The four substituents on the cyclobutane rings adopt the pseudo‐equatorial positions with an all‐trans arrangement. The naphthylamine auxiliary can be removed chemoselectively from the template products by treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid to form the corresponding dichloroplatinum(II) complexes, which, upon subsequent ligand displacement with aqueous cyanide, liberate the enantiomerically enriched free diphosphane ligand in high yields. Recomplexation of the liberated diphosphane to the (R)‐form of the platinum template, followed by fractional crystallization, allows separation of the optically pure platinum template complex containing the diphosphane ligand (1R,2R,3R,4R)‐1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐3,4‐diphenylcyclobutane, from which the free diphosphane can be subsequently liberated efficiently. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Encapsulation of a Linear Oligo(ferrocenylsilane) Trimer with β‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Fernandes José A. , Lima Sérgio , Braga Susana S. , Pillinger Martyn , Rodríguez‐Borges José E. , Ribeiro‐Claro Paulo , Teixeira‐Dias José J. C. , Gonçalves Isabel S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn inclusion compound comprising β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and the trimetallic oligo(ferrocenylsilane) FcSiMe2[(η5‐C5H4)Fe(η5‐C5H4SiMe2)]Fc [Fc = (η5‐C5H5)Fe(η5‐C5H4)] has been prepared and characterised in the solid state by elemental analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy (13C, 29Si). The results are consistent with the formation of a 2:1 (host‐to‐guest) inclusion complex. Ab initio calculations were carried out in order to investigate the possible inclusion geometries. The best host–guest fit was obtained for a tilted geometry of the ferrocene fragment relative to the β‐CD axis ( = 29°) with a 140‐pm inclusion of the corresponding Fe centre below the plane of the rim. The structure of the organometallic trimer allows its inclusion interaction with a second β‐CD host, leading to the 2:1 stoichiometry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Mixed‐Ligand Copper Complexes with 8‐Methylthioquinoline and Triphenylphosphane or theo‐Semiquinone/Catecholate Redox System
Authors: Ye Shengfa , Sarkar Biprajit , Niemeyer Mark , Kaim Wolfgang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe complex [Cu(MTQ)(PPh3)2](BF4), MTQ = 8‐methylthioquinoline, exhibits distorted tetrahedral coordination at thecopper(I) center. One of two crystallographically independent molecules found in the unit cell exhibits a more pronounced inclination towards a (3+1) coordination arrangement. In comparison to the analogous complex with the related imine/thioether chelate ligand 1‐methyl‐2‐(methylthiomethyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole, the cation [Cu(MTQ)(PPh3)2]+shows stronger bonding of CuIto S and weaker interaction with N. With 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐o‐semiquinone as co‐ligand instead of two PPh3ligands a valence‐tautomer equilibrium situation involving the copper(II)‐catecholate state can be observed by EPR spectroscopy, showing an unusually large isotropic63,65Cu hyperfine coupling of 2.1 mT and an untypically small isotropicgvalue of 1.975. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Intense Near‐Infrared Luminescence of a Mesomorphic Ionic Liquid Doped with Lanthanide β‐Diketonate Ternary Complexes
Authors: Puntus Lada N. , Schenk Kurt J. , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe ionic liquid 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazole chloride ([C12‐mim]Cl) is doped with 1 mol‐% of the lanthanide ternary complexes [Ln(tta)3(phen)] (tta = thenoyltrifluoroacetonate, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, Ln = Nd, Eu, Er, Yb), resulting in luminescent mesogenic phases at room temperature. According to DSC and SAXS measurements, the temperature of the crystal → liquid crystal transition is below 10 °C. Analysis of vibrational and luminescence data points to the inner co‐ordination sphere of the EuIII ion being very similar in both the mesomorphic sample and the parent β‐diketonate complex. The mesomorphic samples containing NdIII, ErIII, or YbIII display relatively intense near‐infrared luminescence. This emission is enhanced in the liquid crystalline phases with respect to the initial compounds, as demonstrated for instance by the quantum yield of the [Yb(tta)3(phen)]‐containing mesogenic sample which amounts to 2.1 %, as compared to 1.6 and 1.1 % for the powdered ternary complex and its solution in toluene, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
PdII Complexes of Tridentate PCP N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Structural Aspects and Application in Asymmetric Hydroamination of Cyano Olefins
Authors: Gischig Sebastian , Togni Antonio 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of the ligand precursor 1,3‐bis{(R)‐1‐[(S)‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocenyl]ethyl}imidazolium iodide ([PCPH]I, 1) was extended to the electronically and sterically modified ligand precursors 1,3‐bis{(R)‐1‐[(S)‐2‐{[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphanyl}ferrocenyl]ethyl}imidazolium iodide ([3,5‐CF3‐PCPH]I, 6), and 1,3‐bis[(R)‐1‐{(S)‐2‐[bis(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)phosphanyl]ferrocenyl}ethyl]imidazolium iodide ([3,5‐Me‐PCPH]I, 7). Palladium complexes were prepared starting from [Pd(OAc)2]3 in THF to afford [PdI(PCP)]OAc (8), [Pd(OAc)(3,5‐CF3‐PCP)]I (9), and [PdI(3,5‐Me‐PCP)]OAc (10), in excellent yields. The crystal structures of the ligand precursor [3,5‐CF3‐PCPH]I (6), the complex [PdI(3,5‐CF3‐PCP)]PF6 (14), as well as the dicationic complex [Pd(NCCH3)(PCP)](PF6)2 (11), were determined by X‐ray diffraction. Complex 11 and its derivative [Pd(NCCH3)(3,5‐Me‐PCP)](PF6)2 (13) have been tested as catalysts in the asymmetric addition of, for example, thiomorpholine tomethacrylonitrile giving selectivities up to 63 and 75 % ee, respectively, at –80 °C. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Mechanism of Magnetic Interaction in Spin‐Ladder Molecular Magnets: A First‐Principles, Bottom‐Up, Theoretical Study of the Magnetism in the Two‐Legged Spin‐Ladder Bis(2‐amino‐5‐nitropyridinium) Tetrabromocuprate Monohydrate
Authors: Deumal Mercè , Giorgi Giacomo , Robb Michael A. , Turnbull Mark M. , Landee Christopher P. , Novoa Juan J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe magnetic properties of the isotropic (Jrail ≈ Jrung), two‐legged spin‐ladder bis(2‐amino‐5‐nitropyridinium) tetrabromocuprate monohydrate, [(5NAP)2CuBr4·H2O], have been studied using a first‐principles, bottom‐up approach, which allows computation of macroscopic magnetic properties (for instance, the magnetic susceptibility) of a crystal from only a knowledge of its crystal packing. Evaluation of the JAB parameters, using the 163 K X‐ray structure of [(5NAP)2CuBr4·H2O], indicates that the magnetic topology of this crystal is a two‐legged antiferromagnetic spin‐ladder, with values of Jrail and Jrung of –22.2 cm–1 and –19.7 cm–1, respectively. These values are very close to those that best fit the experimental magnetic susceptibility curve, which are–13.59 cm–1 and –14.16 cm–1, respectively. Very weak diagonal interactions within each ladder [J(d3) = –0.9 cm–1] and between nearby ladders [J(d4) = –0.3 cm–1] are also found. The computed magnetic susceptibility curve obtained using the two‐legged spin‐ladder properly reproduces the experimental magnetic curve (a quantitative agreement is obtained by applying a linear scaling factor of about 0.75 to the energies). The singlet–triplet spin‐gap of this spin‐ladder was computed to be 17 K, in close agreement with the experimental result (11 K). The change of the spin‐gap/Jrail with the size (2xL) of the magnetic spin‐ladder model space was found to converge towards 0.5, while that for a single‐legged (1xL) spin‐ladder converges towards zero, both in good agreement with the known trends for these systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)