bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy of a herpes simplex subunit vaccine
Authors: Cappel R. , Sprecher S. , De Cuyper F. , De Braekeleer J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA DNA‐free herpes simplex type 2 subunit vaccine was administered to 18 volunteers without past evidence of herpes simplex type 1 (HSV 1) or herpes simplex type 2 (HSV 2) infection, to 44 patients with severe recurrent genital HSV 2 infection, and to 15 patients with severe oral type 1 HSV recurrences. The vaccine elicited both humoral and cell‐mediated immunity in 97% of the subjects without past HSV infections and boosted significantly the cell‐mediated immunity and antibody titers in almost all the patients with recurrent HSV 1 or HSV 2. The vaccine elicited particularly the production of complement‐dependent cytotoxic antibodies in 96% of the patients with recurrent HSV 2 infections. This might, at least partly, explain the clinical efficacy of the vaccine. Indeed, we observed a significant decrease (t test, p < 0.01) in the attack rate of the recurrences and also a significant shortening of the time needed to complete healing of the lesions (t test, p < 0.01).
Rotavirus prevalence and relationships with climatological factors in gabon, africa
Authors: Sitbon Marc , Lecerf Alain , Garin Yves , Ivanoff Bernard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA one‐year study of rotavirus prevalence was carried out using electron microscopy in Gabon, equatorial Africa. One hundred fifty‐six nonhospitalized diarrheic children up to 10 years of age and 115 age‐matched controls were investigated together with diarrheic adults and children over 10 years of age. Rotaviruses were observed only in diarrheic children under 10 years of age (10.2%). Rotaviruses were more prevalent in the dry‐season months (19.2% versus 1.3%, P < .001). Rotaviruses were the most commonly found among all the viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents we detected, with the exception of the coronaviruslike particles, which are the subject of another paper [Sitbon, 1985].
Serum antibodies to the major HSV‐2‐ specified DNA‐binding protein in patients with an acute HSV infection or cervical neoplasia
Authors: Lehtinen Matti , Lehtinen Tuula , Koivisto Vesa , Paavonen Jorma , Leinikki Pauli 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe major HSV‐2‐specified DNA‐binding protein (ICSP 11/12) was purified from HSV‐infected cells. ELISA and immunoblotting techniques were used to study its antigenicity in HSV‐infected patients and patients with cervical neoplasia and control women. Patients with an acute HSV‐2 infection had clearcut antibody responses to the purified ICSP 11/12 preparation. Determination of the ICSP 11/12 antibodies by ELISA revealed considerably higher serum antibody levels in patients with cervical carcinoma than in the controls.
Epidemic non‐A, non‐B viral hepatitis in algeria: Strong evidence for its spreading by water
Authors: Belabbes El‐Hadj , Bouguermouh Abdelmadjid , Benatallah Ahmed , Illoul Gana 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA waterborne epidemic of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis occurred in Medea, an Algerian town of 68,000 inhabitants during the autumn and winter of 1980–1981. About 6 weeks before the epidemic, there had been a chlorination failure and an accidental sewage contamination of the river water that supplied large parts of the town. From October, 1980, to January, 1981, 788 cases were notified. This epidemic affected mostly young adults, who usually recovered; however, a high rate of mortality was noted among pregnant women (nine patients, nine deaths). Serological examinations performed on 57 hospitalized patients excluded both hepatitis A and B. The waterborne nature of the epidemic was suggested by a study of the case distribution according to water supplies. The epidemic was severe in the areas supplied by the untreated river water. Few cases were reported in the areas receiving spring water, where chlorination never failed. A mild incidence of infection was noted in the areas supplied by a mixture of untreated river water and chlorinated spring water.
Detection and localization of human papillomavirus DNA in human genital condylomas by in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes
Authors: Beckmann Anna Marie , Myerson David , Daling Janet R. , Kiviat Nancy B. , Fenoglio Cecilia M. , McDougall James K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have examined the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in paraffin sections of human warts by in situ hybridization with biotin‐labeled DNA probes. Recombinant plasmid DNAs (HPV‐1, −6, −11, −16) were labeled by nick translation with biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate. Paraffin sections were hybridized with the probes for 18 h in stringent or nonstringent conditions, and DNA‐DNA hybrids were detected by immunocytochemistry. Paraffin sections of warts were also examined for the presence of HPV capsid antigen with the avidinbiotin peroxidase complex method for immunocytochemistry.HPV DNA was detected and localized in paraffin sections from a plantar wart, a laryngeal papilloma, and seven anogenital condylomas. The specific HPV type present in each lesion was determined by hybridization under stringent conditions with the homologous DNA probe. The papillomas were found to contain many more cells with replicating virus DNA, as demonstrated by in situ hybridization, than was apparent from the number of cells containing detectable virus antigen. In situ hybridization with biotin‐labeled probes is an effective technique for the identification of HPV infection in routinely collected and processed tissue specimens.
Acute and latent herpes simplex virus neurological disease in mice immunized with purified virus‐specific glycoproteins gB or gD
Authors: Dix Richard D. , Mills John 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGroups of 5‐week‐old BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with approximately 10 μg of purified alum‐precipitated glycoprotein gB or gD of either herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) or type 2 (HSV‐2) origin. Control mice received injections of alum‐precipitated 1 % bovine serum albumin (BSA). Following a second immunization 4 weeks later, seroconversion was confirmed by demonstrating the presence of glycoprotein‐specific antibody by immune precipitation. All animals were challenged with lethal doses of either HSV‐1 or HSV‐2 by footpad inoculation and assessed for acute virus‐induced neurological disease and the development of ganglionic latency. Whereas 70% of control (BSAimmunized) HSV‐ 1 ‐infected animals developed ascending myelitus and died, 100% of mice immunized with either gB‐1, gB‐2, gD‐1, or gD‐2 antigens remained free of clinical illness and survived HSV‐1 challenge. In contrast, gB‐1 or gB‐2‐immunized mice were not protected against acute HSV‐2‐induced neurological disease and showed a mortality rate of 60–90% (equivalent to that seen in controls), although mean survival times were prolonged. However, significant protection against HSV‐2 challenge was observed with gD‐1 or gD‐2 immunization. When sacral ganglia were removed from surviving mice 9–12 months after virus challenge, latent virus was detected in all gB‐ or gD‐immunized animals, although the extent of latent infection was restricted. These results provide evidence that glycoprotein gD might be superior to glycoprotein gB as an immunogen for the control of acute HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 neurological disease in mice. However, neither glycoprotein prevents ganglionic latency, the source of virus for recurrent herpesvirus infections.
Antibody to Epstein‐Barr virus‐specific DNase as a marker for the early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Jen‐Yang , Liu Mei‐Ying , Chen Chien‐Jen , Hsu Mow‐Ming , Tu Shih‐Mien , Lee Hong‐Hsin , Kuo Shiow‐Ling , Yang Czau‐Siung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that high levels of antibody to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific DNase may be a useful marker for the early diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Sera from 3,368 males in an area with a high risk for the development of NPC were examined for the presence of antibody to EBV‐specific DNase activity. Significant levels of the antibody were found in 430 of these sera. As a result, 32 individuals have attended the out‐patient department of otolaryngology for clinical examination. Among them, one individual was found to have a stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This result supports the value of determination of antibody to EBV‐specific DNase as a marker for the early detection of NPC.
Determination of human IgG and IgM class antibodies to West Nile virus by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Authors: Feinstein Sabine , Akov Yair , Lachmi Bat‐El , Lehrer Shoshana , Rannon Lotte , Katz David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and used for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to West Nile virus in human sera. Thirteen paired sera of clinical cases and 24 control sera taken randomly from a blood bank repository were tested. The sera were reacted in microtiter plates coated with PEG‐treated WNV antigen. IgG or IgM antibodies were quantitated by the use of alkaline‐phosphatase‐conjugated anti‐human IgG or IgM antibodies. Of the 24 randomly collected serum samples, 7 were positive in the IgG‐ELISA test. One positive by the IgM‐ELISA was found to contain rheumatoid factor. In 12 of 13 paired sera of clinical cases, IgM as well as IgG antibodies were detected in the second serum sample taken about 3 wk after the onset of clinical signs. The IgM positive sera were screened for rheumatoid factor (RF) on IgG‐coated plates. None of them contained RF. Antibody titers obtained by ELISA showed a good correlation with titers obtained by hemagglutination inhibition, complement fixation, and neutralization tests. The ELISA tests for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to WNV therefore can replace the other serological methods for epidemiological surveillance and diagnostic purposes.
Acute glandular fever‐like illness in a patient with HTLV‐III antibody
Authors: McCaul T. F. , Tovey G. , Farthing C. F. , Gazzard B. , Zuckerman A. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA lymph node biopsy obtained from a patient with human T‐cell lymphocytotropic virus III/lymphadenopathy‐associated virus (HTLV‐III/LAV) antibody, presenting with an acute glandular fever‐like illness, was examined by electron microscopy. Numerous pathological changes were present in the biopsy, including hypertrophy of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, intracytoplasmic rod‐like inclusions within the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies, test‐tube and ringshaped forms, and tubulo‐reticular structures. Intranuclear and intracytoplasmic viral‐like particles measuring 105‐ 120 nm in diameter and small cytoplasmic particles measuring 50–70 nm in diameter were found in some degenerating lymph node cells. These pathological findings may reflect a host cell response to various pathological and viral stimuli resulting from immune deficiency owing to infection with HTLV‐III/LAV.
Evaluation of a rapid passive hemagglutination assay for anti‐rubella antibody: Comparison to hemagglutination inhibition and a vaccine challenge study
Authors: Safford John W. , Abbott Glenda G. , Deimler Colleen M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA rapid passive hemagglutination assay (Rubaquick™) was developed that detects antibody to rubella virus in serum specimens. The test result is read visually after an incubation period of 15–30 minutes. When compared with a hemagglutination inhibition assay, the Rubaquick assay results obtained from 1,470 sera were greater than 99% specific, sensitive, and accurate. Studies of 179 paired serum specimens obtained before and 27 days after rubella vaccination showed that if antibody was detectable by the Rubaquick assay in the prevaccination specimens, the vaccine induced a secondary response consisting of increasing IgG antibody reactivity in the absence of a positive IgM response. In contrast to the positive prevaccination specimens, a negative prevaccination result was associated with IgM antibody in 98 of the 133 postvaccination specimens. Seroconversion was noted in all cases in which the prevaccination specimen was negative by the Rubaquick assay.
Hepatitis B virus in Gizan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Arya Subhash Chandra , Ashraf Syed Jamaluddin , Parande Chandrakant Mukund , El‐Sayed Mohamad , Sahay Ravi , Ageel Abdul Rahim , Tobeiqi Mohsen Siddiqui 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study the prevalence rates for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to surface antigen (anti‐HBs), and antibody to core antigen (anti‐HBc) in 724 voluntary donors, students, pregnant women and those seeking treatment for minor ailments in the Gizan area of Saudi Arabia. Tests for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and e antibody (anti‐HBe) were made in HBsAg positive sera. There was serological evidence of an existing or earlier infection in 337 Saudis (46.5 %), of whom 12.7% were HBsAg carriers, 25.4% were positive for anti‐HBs, and 8.4% were positive only for anti‐HBc. The percentage of HBsAg carriers was 19.9% and 9.3% in males and females, respectively (p < 0.001). The evidence of existing or earlier infection in males (58.7%) was significantly higher than in females (38.7%) (p < 0.001), with no intersex difference in anti‐HBs or anti‐HBc. No difference was observed in the positivity of either of the markers, alone or together, between the cord blood and the female population in the child‐bearing age of 20–39 years. Corresponding to the values in other age groups, there was an overall fall in the number of HBsAg carriers during adolescence as well as in 20–39‐year‐old females. Among the HBsAg carriers, there was no significant difference between the two sexes for HBeAg and anti‐HBe positivity.The HBsAg carrier rate of 19.9% in males is consistent with the high male dominant prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Gizan area. Immunization against hepatitis B virus should be considered for all newborns in such hyperendemic areas in the neonatal period.
Changing seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Hong‐Yuan , Chang Mei‐Hwei , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Lee Ching‐Yun , Sung Juei‐Low 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis A antibody (anti‐HAV) in serum was studied from June to October, 1984, by radioimmunoassay in 647 male and 553 female apparently healthy children under 15 years of age in Taipei City. The prevalence rate of anti‐HAV was 27.0% in infants, decreased to around 1% during the preschool age, then increased and remained around 5% until 11–12 years of age, when another increase was noted, and reached 13.6% among the early teenagers. The agespecific prevalence of anti‐HAV increased with age but differed in three age ranges, which reflected three apparently different calculated annual incidences. Compared with previous studies in Taipei, the results showed a significant reduction in the prevalence of anti‐HAV in almost every age group from 3 to 14 years. This fact probably reflects the marked improvement of hygienic conditions and progress in health education in recent years, which reduced the exposure to HAV infection among young children. The age of primary infection in the children was older than in previous studies, and it is expected that the susceptibility of HAV will extend to early adulthood.
Virus excretion and cell‐mediated immunity during cytomegalovirus infection among healthy infants and children
Authors: Tanaka Ryoko , Tanaka Akira , Oizumi Yoshihumi , Ishida Nakao , Numazaki Yoshio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSpecific cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) and virus isolation were examined longitudinally to clarify the mechanism of the cessation of virus excretion in inapparent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among healthy infants and children. We measured leukocyte procoagulant activity (LPCA) responses to CMV antigen and to a purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), with results expressed as a percentage reduction of recalcification (RC) time. Based on the results in seropositive and seronegative adult control subjects, reductions in RC time of more than 10% were considered indicative of a positive LPCA response. The CMV‐specific LPCA response was negative in all infants shedding the virus, despite the presence of circulating antibodies, but were converted from negative to positive when the virus excretion ceased. This suggests that cessation of the virus excretion in inapparent CMV infection among healthy infants and children probably results from the specific CMI.
Field trial of a Japanese encephalitis diagnostic kit
Authors: Burke Donald S. , Nisalak Ananda , Hoke Charles H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from patients in rural Thailand during an encephalitis epidemic were assayed with a Japanese encephalitis rapid diagnosis kit. Japanese encephalitis was diagnosed by detection of virus‐specific IgM (JEV IgM) in CSF (1 : 10 dilution) or serum (1 : 100 dilution) with an antibody capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Specimens were assayed immediately on site at the provincial hospital and scored by visual examination within 4 h. Each specimen was retested carefully later to accurately determine its activity (units) at a single screening dilution; each was tested also at serial dilutions to determine its end‐point titer. On‐site kit results showed close agreement with subsequent laboratory results for detection and quantitation of JEV IgM and JEV IgG in either serum or CSF. Using the kit on site, admission CSF from 35 (73%) of 48 laboratory‐proven JEV‐infected patients were scored as definitely positive for JEV IgM, while all 17 CSF specimens from non‐JEV infected patients were read as negative (sensitivity 73%, specificity 100%). A rapid and early diagnosis of acute Japanese encephalitis can be accomplished almost anywhere.
Synthesis of measles virus‐specific IgM antibodies and IgM‐class rheumatoid factor in relation to clinical onset of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Authors: Ziola B. , Halonen P. , Enders G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThirty‐seven serum and 37 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 27 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were tested for measles virus (MV) IgM antibodies and IgM‐class rheumatoid factor (RF) to determine if a temporal relationship exists between SSPE onset and these immunoglobulins. Sensitive solid‐phase radioimmunoassays were used for immunoglobulin detection. Five of six MV IgM‐positive CSF, both MV IgM‐positive sera and six out of eight sera with elevated RF levels were collected within 1 yr of SSPE onset. Also collected during this time were six other sera having high binding in the MV IgM assay, which was not due to MV‐specific IgM antibodies. Two of these sera had as high or higher binding of IgM to a Vero cell control antigen, suggesting involvement of an IgM‐class autoantibody. The other four sera had false‐positive MV IgM assay results due to RF interference. RF interference was dependent on both the titer and avidity of the MV IgG antibodies involved.Three conclusions can be drawn from these results. First, MV IgM antibodies and elevated RF levles are not markers for acute SSPE, despite the tendency for their synthesis at this stage of the disease. Second, immunoassay analysis of viral IgM antibodies must employ an appropriate control antigen to account for background IgM binding. Finally, even if RF levels are normal or near normal, a false‐positive IgM immunoassay result can still occur if antigen‐specific IgG antibodies in the same sample have the right combination of titer and avidity.
Protection of weanling hamsters from experimental infection with wild‐type parainfluenza virus type 3 (para 3) by cold‐adapted mutants of para 3
Authors: Crookshanks‐Newman Frances K. , Belshe Robert B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractParainfluenza virus type 3 (para 3) was adapted to replicate at 20° C, a nonpermissive temperature for wild‐type (wt) para 3. Serial passage at 20° C resulted in the generation of cold‐adapted (ca) and temperature‐sensitive (ts) mutants. These mutant viruses have been characterized both in vitro and in vivo [Belshe and Hissom (1982): Journal of Medical Virology 10:235–242; Crookshanks and Belshe (1984): Journal of Medical Virology 13:243–249]. We now report the evaluation of three mutants (clone 1150, passaged 12 times in the cold [cp12], clone 1146, passaged 18 times in the cold [cp18], and clone 1328, passaged 45 times in the cold [cp45]) for their ability to protect hamsters from infection by wild‐type para 3. Ether‐anesthetized male syrian hamsters were intranasally vaccinated with either wt para 3 (clone 127) or one of the ca para 3 mutants and on day 28 postvaccination; each animal was intranasally challenged with 105.0 pfu of wt para 3. On days 1, 2, 3, and 4 post‐challenge, 4 to 13 hamsters from each group were sacrificed, and the quantity of para 3 in the nasal turbinates and lungs was determined. Wt virus induced protection from challenge. cp12, cp18, and cp45 reduced the peak titer of wt replication in the lungs by > 100‐fold, tenfold, and tenfold, respectively. The duration of virus replication was shortened also by intranasal vaccination with the mutants. These data give evidence of an inverse relationship between the degree of protection induced by vaccination with coldadapted mutants and the number of passages of the virus in the cold.
Measles IgM antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Authors: Chiodi Francesca , Sundqvist Vivi‐Anne , Norrby Erling , Mavra Milica , Link Hans 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing a direct enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we examined serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from six patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and control subjects for presence of measles‐virus‐specific IgM antibodies. All samples from the SSPE patients contained demonstrable titers of measles antibodies. The levels of measles IgM antibodies were higher in CSF diluted 1:5 than in serum diluted 1:50, reflecting a local production of IgM antibodies in the central nervous system. Antibody titers remained constant over the course of SSPE in three of the patients followed for three to six months. The IgM ELISA had high sensitivity as well as specificity and was not complicated by false‐positive reactions owing to the presence of rheumatoid factor.
Coxsackie B virus‐specific IgM responses in coronary care unit patients
Authors: Lau Robert C. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test using polyvalent antigens and antisera was used to detect Coxsackie B virus‐specific IgM responses in 329 patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, New Zealand over a 12‐month period. The sera of 30 of 153 (19.6%) patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 16 of 98 (18.4%) with chest pain, and 7 of 46 (15.2%) patients with arrhythmia were positive for Coxsackie B virus‐specific IgM. Four of 12 (25%) patients with heart failure were also positive. Over the same period, 178 sex‐ and age‐matched normal blood donors were also studied. Eleven of 178 (6.2%) matched blood donors were positive for Coxsackie B virusspecific IgM. The rates of occurrence of Coxsackie B virus‐specific IgM in patients with AMI and in a group of matched controls showed a significant difference (χ2 = 5.64, p = 0.02).