bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical Perspectives on the Management of Hypertension
Authors: Moser Marvin 
Published: May 2007

As late as the 1950s, elevated blood pressure was considered by many expert physicians to be necessary for the adequate per fusion of vital organs. Although the morbidity and mortality risks of hypertension were known at that time to insurance companies, which often refused life insurance policies to people with high blood pressure, there was a lag in the recognition of the dangers of hypertension in the medical community, following the pioneering efforts of researchers who began to treat patients with malignant hypertension, the results of clinical trials and population studies, and the availability of effective antihypertensive agents, hypertension management improved rapidly. This review traces the history of hypertension management from the 1940s, when President Franklin Delano Roosevelt died of a cerebrovascular accident—a result of uncontrolled hypertension—to today, when a large number of patients, even those with less severe hypertension, are being treated successfully, with a resulting dramatic decrease in hypertension‐related vascular disease.
The greatest danger to a man with high blood pressure lies in its discovery, because then some fool is certain to try and reduce it.—J.H. Hay, 1931

Hypertension may be an important compensatory mechanism which should not be tampered with, even were it certain that we could control it. —Paul Dudley White, 1937
Changes in red blood cell transfusion practice during the past two decades: a retrospective analysis, with the Mayo database, of adult patients undergoing major spine surgery
Authors: Wass C. Thomas , Long Timothy R. , Faust Ronald J. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Joyner Michael J. 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: Others have reported significant changes in red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practice during the past two decades during knee, hip, prostate, and carotid surgery. Similar data for patients undergoing major spine surgery, however, are not available.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval, adult patients undergoing elective major spine surgery were stratified into one of two transfusion‐related groups: 1) 1980 to 1985 (i.e., before human immunodeficiency virus screening, early practice group; n = 699) or 2) 1995 to 2000 (i.e., late practice group; n = 610).RESULTS: Patients in the late practice group were older, had greater numbers of preoperative coexisting diseases (e.g., hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, coronary artery disease, prior myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, cerebrovascular disease, and asthma), and were exposed to longer operations (p  < 0.01 for each variable). Over time, allogeneic RBC administration significantly decreased, whereas autologous and intraoperative autotransfusion significantly increased. Compared to the early practice group, all perioperative Hb concentrations were significantly lower than the late practice group, yet no significant difference in major morbidity or mortality was observed between groups.CONCLUSION: In this retrospective analysis, significantly lower acceptable perioperative Hb concentrations were observed in older patients having substantially worse baseline comorbidity and exposed to longer major spine operations, without significant change in the incidence of perioperative morbidity or mortality.
Frequent detection of the parvoviruses, PARV4 and PARV5, in plasma from blood donors and symptomatic individuals
Authors: Fryer Jacqueline F. , Delwart Eric , Hecht Frederick M. , Bernardin Flavien , Jones Morris S. , Shah Nita , Baylis Sally A. 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: Plasma pools used in the manufacture of blood‐ and plasma‐derived medicinal products are frequently contaminated with parvovirus B19. The presence of the novel human parvovirus PARV4 and a related variant PARV5 in manufacturing plasma pools was recently demonstrated. Another recently identified parvovirus, human bocavirus (HBoV), has been identified in respiratory samples from children with lower respiratory tract disease.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Recent and archived manufacturing plasma pools, as well as plasma from healthy blood donors (individual donations; pools of 16 donations) and febrile patients, were examined for the presence of PARV4 and PARV5 with conventional and TaqMan polymerase chain reaction assays. In addition, highly sensitive assays were used to examine the presence of HBoV DNA in manufacturing pools.RESULTS: Of 351 recent manufacturing plasma pool samples, 14 (4%) tested positive for the presence of PARV4 and PARV5. This frequency was elevated in the archived pools. Viral loads ranged from less than 100 up to 4 million copies per mL plasma, with some pools containing a mixture of both viruses. In individual plasma samples from healthy blood donors and febrile patients, the frequencies of detection were 2 and 6 percent, respectively. No HBoV sequences were identified in manufacturing plasma pools (n = 167).CONCLUSION: PARV4 and PARV5 are readily detected in manufacturing plasma pools, test pools (constructed from 16 donations), and individual donations derived from healthy blood donors. The prevalence of these viruses was increased in plasma samples from febrile patients. Despite the use of highly sensitive assays for HBoV, it was not possible to identify manufacturing plasma pools containing HBoV sequences.
A path analysis of intention to redonate among experienced blood donors: an extension of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: France Janis L. , France Christopher R. , Himawan Lina K. 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: The need for blood products is constant and unremitting, yet only a small percentage of eligible individuals answer the appeal to donate. Further, most new donors never return to provide a repeat donation. The ongoing need to attract and retain new donors has led to the examination of psychosocial factors that may predict the likelihood of blood donation behavior. By use of regression techniques, prior studies have established that elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior (e.g., attitude, subjective norm, personal moral norm, and perceived control or self‐efficacy) can predict intention to donate among nondonors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Path analysis was used to further examine the utility of the Theory of Planned Behavior in predicting donation intention in a sample of 227 experienced donors who completed an online survey. Experiential measures relating to previous donations, including the experience of vasovagal reactions and overall donor satisfaction, were added to the model.RESULTS: The final model, which provided an excellent fit to the data, characterized 1) three direct pathways from attitude, subjective norm, and self‐efficacy to donation intention and 2) four indirect pathways, wherein self‐efficacy, personal moral norm, vasovagal reactions, and overall donor satisfaction influence donation intention through attitude. In total, 65 percent of the variance in donation intention and 50 percent of the variance in attitude is accounted for in this model.CONCLUSION: The Theory of Planned Behavior can be used to predict donation intentions among experienced donors. Further, the model's predictive utility is improved by considering the influence of previous donation experiences on donor attitudes.
Inactivation of parvovirus B19 in human platelet concentrates by treatment with amotosalen and ultraviolet A illumination
Authors: Sawyer Lynette , Hanson Deborah , Castro Grace , Luckett William , Dubensky Thomas W. , Stassinopoulos Adonis 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: The human erythrovirus B19 (B19) is a small (18‐ to 26‐nm) nonenveloped virus with a single‐stranded DNA genome of 5.6 kb. B19 is clinically significant and is also generally resistant to pathogen inactivation methods. Photochemical treatment (PCT) with amotosalen and ultraviolet A (UVA) inactivates viruses, bacteria, and protozoa in platelets (PLTs) and plasma prepared for transfusion. In this study, the capacity of PCT to inactivate B19 in human PLT concentrates was evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: B19 inactivation was measured by a novel enzyme‐linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) erythroid progenitor cell infectivity assay and by inhibition of long‐range (up to 4.3 kb) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), under conditions where the whole coding region of the viral genome was amplified. B19‐infected plasma was used to test whether incubation of amotosalen with virus before PCT enhanced inactivation compared to immediate PCT.RESULTS: Inactivation of up to 5.8 log of B19 as measured by the infectivity assay, or up to 6 logs as measured by PCR inhibition can be achieved under non‐limiting conditions. Inactivation efficacy was found to increase with incubation prior to UVA illumination. Without incubation prior to illumination 2.1 +0.4 log was inactivated as determined by infectivity assay. When measured by PCR inhibition, inactivation varied inversely with amplicon size. When primers that spanned the entire coding region of the B19 genome were used, maximum inhibtion of PCR amplification was demonstrated.CONCLUSION: Under defined conditions, PCT with amotosalen combined with UVA light can be used to inactivate B19, a clinically significant virus that can be transmitted through blood transfusion, and heretofore has been demonstrated to be refractory to inactivation.
Use of X‐linked short tandem repeat loci in routine parentage casework
Authors: Silveira Debora , Silva Fabiana F. , Jesus Priscila R. , Whittle Martin R. 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND:Dealing with genetic inconsistencies in parentage testing, especially in motherless cases, remains a continual difficulty.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Four difficult cases, comprising two trios and two duos, were selected from routine parentage testing casework. In these, relatively low combined paternity indices were observed as a result of few discrepant loci that were treated as being due to paternal mutations. An additional eight short tandem repeat (STR) loci along the X chromosome were studied in the alleged father and female child to try and help resolve these cases.RESULTS:In all four cases, the X chromosome haplotypes in the alleged father were different from those in the child, showing decisively that the alleged father could be excluded from being the biologic father of the child.CONCLUSION:In recent times the study of X chromosome haplotypes has been shown to be useful in parentage testing where the alleged father is absent and where only his close relatives are available for testing. This work demonstrates that such studies can also prove valuable in the testing of standard trios and duos in cases where there only a few genetic inconsistencies amongst the loci tested, making it difficult to distinguish between paternal mutations and a close relative of the alleged father being the biologic father.
Recombinant human C1‐inhibitor in the treatment of acute angioedema attacks
Authors: Choi Goda , Soeters Maarten R. , Farkas Henriette , Varga Lilian , Obtulowicz Krystyna , Bilo Barbara , Porebski Greg , Hack C. Erik , Verdonk René , Nuijens Jan , Levi Marcel 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: Patients with hereditary C1‐inhibitor deficiency have recurrent attacks of angioedema, preferably treated with C1‐inhibitor concentrate. A recombinant human C1‐inhibitor (rHuC1INH) was developed, derived from milk from transgenic rabbits. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of rHuC1INH in the treatment of acute angioedema attacks in patients with a hereditary C1‐inhibitor deficiency.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with hereditary C1‐inhibitor deficiency were treated with rHuC1INH (at a dose of 100 U/kg) within 8 hours after onset of an acute attack. Time to initiation of relief and time to minimal symptoms were reported by both the patient and the treating physician.RESULTS: Thirteen severe angioedema attacks in 9 patients with hereditary C1‐inhibitor deficiency were treated with rHuC1INH. There was rapid improvement of clinical conditions for all attacks, with approximately 80 percent of treated patients experiencing symptom relief within 2 hours and minimal symptoms within 12 hours. There were no drug‐related adverse events or immunogenic reactions to C1‐inhibitor or rabbit proteins.CONCLUSION: The transgenically produced rHuC1INH was successfully used in the treatment of acute angioedema attacks in patients with hereditary C1‐inhibitor deficiency.
Evaluation of a new apheresis system for the collection of leukoreduced single‐donor platelets
Authors: Zingsem Jürgen , Strasser Erwin , Ringwald Jürgen , Zimmermann Robert , Weisbach Volker , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: May 2007

BACKGROUND: The Fresenius COM.TEC cell separator is a new device for producing white cell concentrates (WBCs) and leukoreduced single‐donor platelet concentrates (SDPs) and performing therapeutic cytapheresis and plasmapheresis that might replace the Fresenius systems AS104 and AS.TEC 204. This novel system's performance was evaluated for producing leukoreduced SDPs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In an investigational phase, each of 200 donors underwent plateletpheresis with the AS.TEC 204 and the COM.TEC systems. The collection efficiency (CE) and WBC contamination of the different techniques were compared. After some hard‐ and software modifications, the system was evaluated in an additional 800 procedures in the confirmatory phase.RESULTS: In the investigational phase, the CE of the COM.TEC device was increased significantly in comparison to the AS.TEC 204 device's CE (by 45 ± 32% when collecting 1 unit of platelets [PLTs] and 1 unit of fresh‐frozen plasma and by 43 ± 42% when collecting only 1 unit of PLTs). Although all AS.TEC products proved to be leukoreduced, 2 percent of the COM.TEC procedures led to PLT concentrates containing more than 1 × 106 WBCs. In the confirmatory phase, all 1300 products from 800 COM.TEC procedures proved to be leukoreduced. Furthermore, the CE increased significantly from 53.5 ± 4.6 percent in the investigational phase to 55.5 ± 4.9 percent (p  < 0.001) in the confirmatory phase.CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the new COM.TEC system offers a significantly and importantly improved CE in plateletpheresis procedures in comparison to the AS.TEC system. In the final version, the PLT products collected with this system fulfill the most stringent criteria for leukoreduced PLTs. This aim was achieved without additional filtration steps and thus without filtration‐related PLT loss.
Temporal Trends, Safety, and Efficacy of Bivalirudin in Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights from the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium
Authors: GURM HITINDER S. , SMITH DEAN E. , CHETCUTI STAN J. , SHARE DAVID , KHANAL SANJAYA , RIBA ARTHUR , CARTER ANDREW J. , LALONDE THOMAS , KLINE‐ROGERS EVA , O'DONNELL MICHAEL , O'NEILL WILLIAM , SAFIAN ROBERT , MOSCUCCI MAURO 
Published: May 2007

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bivalirudin based therapy among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable coronary artery disease in a large multicenter registry.
Background: The REPLACE
II trial demonstrated the non‐inferiority of a strategy of bivalirudin compared with heparin and glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa inhibition in patients undergoing PCI. There is a paucity of outcome data with bivalirudin use in the setting of real‐world PCI practice.
Methods: We evaluated the outcome of 11,719 patients who underwent elective PCI for stable coronary artery disease (CAD) from 2002 to 2004 in a large regional consortium, and who were treated with bivalirudin (n = 2051) or with heparin and GP IIbIIIa inhibitors (n = 9,668). The primary endpoints were transfusion and in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as the composite of death, MI, stroke, and any coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or target lesion revascularization.
Results: Compared with patients who received heparin plus GP IIbIIIa inhibitors, patients who received bivalirudin had a similar incidence of post‐procedural MI, stroke, in‐hospital death, MACE (2.88 vs. 2.48, P = 0.30), or transfusion (2.83% vs. 2.41%, P = 0.27). Patients at greater risk of bleeding were more likely to be treated with bivalirudin. After adjusting for the propensity to receive bivalirudin and for baseline co‐morbidities, there was no difference in the odds of MACE or the need for transfusion between the two groups.
Conclusion: Compared with heparin plus GP IIbIIIa inhibition, use of bivalirudin in patients undergoing PCI for stable CAD is associated with similar ischemic and bleeding complications. Given the ease of administration and lower cost, bivalirudin provides an attractive treatment option in this patient population.
Immunopathology and molecular diagnosis of autoimmune bullous diseases
Authors: Mihai Sidonia , Sitaru Cassian 
Published: May 2007

Introduction
Pemphigus diseases
Pemphigus variants
Pemphigoid diseases
Anti‐p200 pemphigoid
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring

AbstractAutoimmune bullous diseases are associated with autoimmunity against structural components maintaining cell–cell and cell matrix adhesion in the skin and mucous membranes. Pemphigus diseases are characterized by autoantibodies against the intercellular junctions and intraepithelial blisters. In pemphigoid diseases and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, sub‐epidermal blistering is associated with autoantibodies targeting proteins of the hemidesmosomal anchoring complex. The autoantigens in autoimmune blistering diseases have been extensively characterized over the past three decades. In general, the pathogenicity of autoantibodies, already suggested by clinical observations, has been conclusively demonstrated experimentally. Detection of tissue‐bound and circulating serum autoantibodies and characterization of their molecular specificity is mandatory for the diagnosis of autoimmune blistering diseases. For this purpose, various immunofluorescence methods as well as immunoassays, including immunoblotting, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunoprecipitation have been developed. This review article describes the immunopathological features of autoimmune bullous diseases and the immunological and molecular tests used for their diagnosis and monitoring.
Downregulation of Fes inhibits VEGF‐A‐induced chemotaxis and capillary‐like morphogenesis by cultured endothelial cells
Authors: Kanda Shigeru , Kanetake Hiroshi , Miyata Yasuyoshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether the downregulation of endogenous Fes by siRNA in cultured endothelial cells affects vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A)‐induced chemotaxis and capillary‐like morphogenesis, which are considered as angiogenic cellular responses in vitro. VEGF‐A‐treatment induced autophosphorylation of Fes in cultured endothelial cells.LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3‐kinase inhibitor, significantly inhibited VEGF‐A‐induced chemotaxis and capillary‐like morphogenesis.Downregulation of Fes attenuated these VEGF‐A‐induced cellular responses but LY294002 did not produce further inhibition of these responses. Downregulation of Fes neither affected VEGF‐A‐induced autophosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 nor mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation, but markedly decreased Akt activation.Taken together, our novel results indicate the involvement of Fes in VEGF‐A‐induced cellular responses by cultured endothelial cells.
Yoga therapy as an add‐on treatment in the management of patients with schizophrenia – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Duraiswamy G. , Thirthalli J. , Nagendra H. R. , Gangadhar B. N. 
Published: May 2007

Objective:  Treatment of schizophrenia has remained unsatisfactory despite the availability of antipsychotics. This study examined the efficacy of yoga therapy (YT) as an add‐on treatment to the ongoing antipsychotic treatment.Method:  Sixty‐one moderately ill schizophrenia patients were randomly assigned to YT (n = 31) and physical exercise therapy (PT; n = 30) for 4 months. They were assessed at baseline and 4 months after the start of intervention, by a rater who was blind to their group status.Results:  Forty‐one subjects (YT = 21; PT = 20) were available at the end of 4 months for assessment. Subjects in the YT group had significantly less psychopathology than those in the PT group at the end of 4 months. They also had significantly greater social and occupational functioning and quality of life.Conclusion:  Both non‐pharmacological interventions contribute to reduction in symptoms, with YT having better efficacy.
Rate of acute adverse events for narrow‐band UVB and Psoralen‐UVA phototherapy
Authors: Martin J. A. , Laube S. , Edwards C. , Gambles B. , Anstey A.V. 
Published: May 2007

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation therapies are commonly used to treat a wide range of dermatological conditions. However, no published data exist regarding the rate of acute adverse events occurring within the different UV therapy modalities.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of acute adverse events experienced by patients receiving narrow‐band UVB or photochemotherapy in 3 neighboring dermatology units.Method: Standardized adverse event forms from all 3 units were retrospectively analysed over a 12‐month period between October 2003 and September 2004. The treatments included were narrow‐band UVB and systemic, bath and hand/foot PUVA.Results: A total of 8784 treatments were given over the study period. The total number of acute adverse events recorded for all phototherapy treatments was 70 (0.8%). The rates of acute adverse events for each treatment modality were 0.6% for narrow‐band UVB, 1.3% for systemic PUVA, 1.3% for bath PUVA and 0.8% for hand/foot PUVA. Adverse events were due to patient non‐compliance with standard operating procedures in 15 cases (21%) and operator error in 2 (3%). Only 4 of the acute adverse events were considered to be severe, accounting for 0.05% of all treatments.Conclusions: The rates of acute adverse events with phototherapy in this analysis were low, in particular the rate of severe adverse events. The highest rate was seen with both systemic and bath PUVA. The number of adverse events resulting from operator error was low. These published rates for adverse events associated with narrow‐band UVB and PUVA may help other units when analyzing their own rate of adverse events.
In vitro phototoxicity test using artificial skin with melanocytes
Authors: Lee Jong Hee , Kim Ji Eun , Kim Beom Joon , Cho Kwang Hyun 
Published: May 2007

Background: Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been shown to induce cutaneous biological changes and phototoxic reactions.Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of artificial skin (AS) composed of keratinocytes and melanocytes as an in vitro phototoxicity model for topical agents.Materials and methods: AS was manufactured with three‐dimensionally cultured keratinocytes and melanocytes on a de‐epidermized dermis (DED). The photobiological responses in AS with and without melanocytes were comparatively examined after ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure. Three test chemicals (8‐methoxypsoralen, 6‐methylcoumarin and tetracycline) were topically applied onto the AS with melanocytes and after UVA irradiation, the released inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1α, IL‐β and IL‐6) were analyzed.Results: AS with melanocytes showed better epidermal structures, stronger resistance to UVA exposure and photobiological responses closer to in vivo human skin. Releases of inflammatory cytokines were well correlated with the increased phototoxicities of test chemicals. Among the measured cytokines, IL‐6 could be the most reliable in vitro marker indicative of phototoxic potential, because it showed statistically significant increase only in case of concurrent exposure to chemicals and UVA.Conclusion: The AS with melanocytes may be a useful tool especially for examining UV‐induced cutaneous changes and a promising in vitro phototoxicity test model for topical agents.