bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of DEIN, a Novel Gene with High Expression Levels in Stage IVS Neuroblastoma
Authors: Voth Harald , Oberthuer André , Simon Thorsten , Kahlert Yvonne , Berthold Frank , Fischer Matthias 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Neuroblastoma at stage IVS, defined by dissemination to specific tissues and age &lt;1 year at diagnosis, regularly follows spontaneous regression without cytotoxic treatment. To uncover the molecular characteristics of this subtype, Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) profiles from stage IVS and fatal stage IV tumors were compared. A SAGE tag (GCAACTTAAC) was detected that was overrepresented in stage IVS disease and that had no reliable match in current National Center for Biotechnology Information databases of SAGE profiles, thus pointing to a novel gene. The corresponding gene, which maps to chromosome 4q33-34, was identified using a modified 3′- and 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR and was designated as DEIN (differentially expressed in neuroblastoma). The gene comprises five transcript variants and its sequence overlaps with expressed sequences of the yet uncharacterized UniGene cluster Hs.61435. DEIN exhibits nucleotide sequence conservation over a broad range of species with an overall homology of 65% between human and mouse. As none of the predicted amino acid sequences is homologous to known proteins, it remains to be determined whether DEIN represents a coding or noncoding RNA. Northern blot analysis and semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed high DEIN expression in neuroblastoma, whereas expression was absent or weak in most normal adult tissues. Analysis of 121 primary neuroblastomas by real-time reverse transcription-PCR revealed a strong association with age at diagnosis &lt;1 year and particularly with stage IVS disease (both P &lt; 0.001). The characteristic expression pattern of DEIN suggests a specific role of this gene in the unique biology of stage IVS tumors and may help to molecularly define this special subtype of neuroblastoma. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(12):1276–84)
CtIP Silencing as a Novel Mechanism of Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Minhao , Soler David Ramos , Abba Martin C. , Nunez Maria I. , Baer Richard , Hatzis Christos , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Llombart-Bosch Antonio , Aldaz C. Marcelo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAcquired resistance to the antiestrogen tamoxifen constitutes a major clinical challenge in breast cancer therapy. However, the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Using serial analysis of gene expression, we identified CtIP, a BRCA1- and CtBP-interacting protein, as one of the most significantly down-regulated transcripts in estrogen receptor α–positive (ER+) MCF-7 tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. We further confirmed the association of CtIP down-regulation with tamoxifen resistance in an additional ER+ breast cancer line (T47D), strengthening the relevance of the phenomenon observed. In additional studies, we found CtIP protein expression in a majority of ER+ breast cancer cell lines that we tested, but no or very little CtIP expression in ER-negative lines. Furthermore, CtIP protein expression status correlates with clinical response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, and patients with progressive disease express significantly lower CtIP protein in their primary breast carcinomas than those who respond. Meta-analysis of seven publicly available gene expression microarray data sets showed that CtIP expression is significantly associated with ER, disease-free survival, and breast cancer metastasis status. Importantly, we found that silencing endogenous CtIP in tamoxifen-sensitive breast cancer cells confers tamoxifen resistance. On the other hand, reexpression of CtIP in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells restores sensitivity to the inhibitory growth effects of tamoxifen. Together, our findings indicate that CtIP silencing might be a novel mechanism for the development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer, suggesting that CtIP is likely associated with ER function, and that CtIP gene and protein expression may be useful biomarkers for breast cancer prognosis and clinical management. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(12):1285–95)
Interference of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Expression in a Mouse Melanoma Inhibits Tumor Establishment by Up-Regulating Thrombospondin-1
Authors: Culp W. David , Tsagozis Panagiotis , Burgio Michael , Russell Paul , Pisa Pavel , Garland Donita 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with proinflammatory, proangiogenic, and protumorigenic properties. The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of MIF in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis are not well understood. To address these roles, an interfering MIF (iMIF) RNA was stably introduced into the B16-F10 mouse melanoma cell line, reducing MIF mRNA expression 1.6-fold and MIF protein expression 2.8-fold relative to control cells. When iMIF cells were subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 mice, tumor establishment was significantly delayed and there was a marked absence of intratumoral vasculature in iMIF tumors relative to controls. A comparative gene expression analysis of iMIF and control melanoma cell lines revealed that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) mRNA expression was up-regulated 88-fold in the iMIF cells by real-time PCR. A 2-fold increase in TSP-1 protein levels was observed in iMIF cell culture supernatants. These results strongly suggest that the delayed tumor establishment and reduced vasculature in iMIF melanomas are linked to the up-regulation of the antiangiogenic TSP-1. They further define a novel function of MIF as a regulator of TSP-1 in a mouse melanoma model. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(12):1225–31)
Use of Medication for the Management of Behavior Problems Among Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Clinicians' Consensus Survey
Authors: Unwin Gemma Louise , Deb Shoumitro 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Current prescribing preferences among relevant experts regarding the use of psychotropic medication for the management of behavior problems in adults with intellectual disabilities in the absence of a diagnosed psychiatric illness was defined. We used a questionnaire design to synthesize the preferences of a large group, namely, clinical psychiatrists, thereby establishing a consensus. A total of 108 completed questionnaires were analyzed. A very strong preference for the use of nonmedication-based interventions was established. Of the medication options presented, atypical antipsychotics were most favored, with Risperidone the most preferred option from within this group. Citalopram was the most preferred antidepressant and Carbamazepine, the most preferred mood stabilizer/antiepileptic.
HEALTH RISK BEHAVIORS OF STUDENTS IN AN ANATOLIAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Bulbul Selda Fatma Hizel , Sanli Cihat , Fidan Serdar , Agar Ayca , Ceyhun Gulsen 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is a period of rapid personal development in which health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of social problems, morbidity, and mortality among youth and adults are often established.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the health risk behaviors of Anatolian university students.
METHODS: Differences according to gender and socioeconomic status in risk behaviors regarding use of tobacco, alcohol, and illegal substances; sexual activity; and physical activity were analyzed. Students from Kirikkale University (1060) were enrolled. The students' privacy was protected by allowing for anonymous and voluntary participation.
RESULTS: Mean age of the 684 male (64.5%) and 376 female (35.5%) students was 20.3 years (minimum: 17; maximum: 30 years). of all the students, 876 (82.9%) had some kind of information about sexuality; however, this number dropped to 546 students (51.5%) within the context of adequacy. Also, 25.3% of all the students had had some kind of sexual intercourse, and only 53.9% used protection during intercourse. Tobacco usage was 35.1% among those in the group, and 8.7% of the male and 3.6% of the female students were using illegal substances. Thirty percent of all the students reported having weight problems. The majority of students had witnessed violence (eg, 32.7% from parents, 77.2% from their friends, and 76.2% at school).
CONCLUSIONS: Risk-taking behaviors are considerably common among Turkish university students, and family characteristics have significant effects.
FOCAL AREAS OF HIGH-SIGNAL INTENSITY ON BRAIN T2-WEIGHTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING SCANS ARE SIGNIFICANT FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROFIBROMATOSIS VON RECKLINGHAUSEN TYPE 1
Authors: Petrak Borivoj , Lisy Jiri , Kraus Josef , Kyncl Martin , Zatrapa Tomas 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTION: Neurofibromatosis von Recklinghausen type 1 (NF1) is characterized by the following National Institutes of Health (NIH) diagnostic criteria: café au lait spots, freckling, neurofibromas, Lisch nodules, optic glioma, distinct osseous lesions, and first-degree relative with NF1. Focal areas of high-signal intensity (FASI) in white matter and deep gray matter are typical brain MRI findings in children with NF1.
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the frequency of FASI and the possibility of using FASI as a diagnostic criterion.
METHODS: In a group of 160 children, the diagnosis of NF1 was confirmed in keeping with the NIH criteria. All children had MRI examination of the brain. The MRI findings of FASI in the children with NF1 were compared both with the brain MRI findings of the control group of 160 children with different diagnoses and with frequencies of the NIH diagnostic criteria.
RESULTS: In 137 (86%) patients with NF1, ≥1 FASI were found. The difference between frequency of FASI in the NF1 group and in the control group (14 [9%]) is highly significant. The frequencies of the diagnostic criteria were as follows: café au lait spots: 157 (98%); freckling: 123 (77%); neurofibromas: 112 (70%); NF1 relatives: 89 (56%); Lisch nodules: 71 (44%); optic glioma: 45 (28%); and osseous lesions: 15 (9%; only partial examination of the group).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of FASI in T2-weighted images of the brain MRI are significantly frequent in children with NF1. Frequency of FASI is comparable with frequency of NIH diagnostic criteria. FASI could be proposed as an additional or new criterion for the NF1, mainly in childhood.
IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY HEMOSIDEROSIS IN CHILDREN: A ROMANIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Bulucea Catalina , Sorin Dinescu 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disease with unknown cause and variable outcome. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of severe hypochromic anemia, alveolar bleeding, and typical radiologic findings.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop an early diagnosis of IPH with real therapeutic benefits.
METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, and prospective study using patients who were admitted to 3 Romanian pediatric clinics between 1984 and 2006. Secondary causes of pulmonary hemosiderosis were excluded.
RESULTS: Fifteen patients received a diagnosis of IPH during a 22-year period (1984–2006). The symptoms started at a mean age of 6.8 years (range: 9 months to 13 years), with a mean delay of 2.4 years before diagnosis. From the beginning, all patients had anemia, and only 6 children presented with pulmonary symptoms as well. The classical triad (anemia, hemoptysis, and pulmonary infiltrates) was found from early in the disease in only 4 patients. The majority of patients' disease was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage, and 3 were diagnosed at necropsy. Eight patients died in a period of 1 to 3 years from the diagnosis. The clinical course was variable: treatment with corticosteroids alone was not effective because 12 patients continued to have recurrent bleeding. Three patients who received immunosuppressive agents had a better outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: IPH is a severe condition with variable prognosis and has a better outcome when diagnosis is made at an early age. We believe that it is necessary to include in the screening of any severe, recurrent, hypochromic anemia a well-interpreted chest radiograph and to look for hemosiderin-laden phages in bronchoalveolar lavage.
CORRELATION BETWEEN ALLERGIC RHINITIS, ASTHMA, AND ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Šofranac Milica 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis are atopic diseases with the same pathogenic base with regard to the allergic reaction and the type of oversensitivity (facilitated by immunoglobulin E antibodies) with the release of numerous mediators causing allergic inflammation. The incidence of these diseases is increasing constantly. One precedes the others, or they often appear combined.
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research was to establish the correlation between allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis in children treated at our health center.
METHODS: In preparation for the research, 3638 medical charts of children aged 3 to 18 years were studied.
RESULTS: Processed were the cases of 142 children with allergic rhinitis (105 boys [73.9%] and 37 girls [26.1%]) who were diagnosed to have allergic rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis over the previous 4 years. The diagnosis was made on the basis of anamnesis, clinical record, skin-prick test, and consultation with the otolaryngologist. Of all the patients, 25 (17.6%) boys and 18 (12.6%) girls had atopic dermatitis, and 105 (73.9%) boys and 36 (25.3%) girls had asthma. The total number of children with atopic dermatitis was 43 (30.3%), and there were 141 (99.3%) with asthma.
CONCLUSIONS: In 30.3% of the cases, the children with allergic rhinitis also had atopic dermatitis; in 99.3% of the cases, the children with allergic rhinitis also had asthma. The degree of correlation between allergic rhinitis and asthma was higher than that between allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. The boys suffered more often from allergic rhinitis, and its correlation with asthma was greater than that in girls, with whom it was combined with atopic dermatitis to a larger degree.
ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NEW WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION CHILD-GROWTH STANDARDS AND THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION 2000 GROWTH CHARTS IN LATIN AMERICAN CHILDREN: WHICH REFERENCE SHOULD WE USE?
Authors: Ponce-Rivera L. N. Mariana , Blanco-Montero Andrιs , Reyes-Vazquez Horacio , Lopez-Enriquez Claudia , Fuentes-Lugo Daniel 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of growth patterns significantly depends on the reference used. Last year the World Health Organization (WHO) released new standards for assessing child growth during the first 5 years of life.
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to assess differences between the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts and 2006 WHO growth standards.
METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of 300 healthy children (167 boys and 133 girls) from a pediatric outpatient clinic in Mexico City. Weight-for-age z score, length/height-for-age z score, and weight-for-length/height z score were obtained yearly from birth to age 5 and compared by using the 2000 CDC growth charts and 2006 WHO growth standards.
RESULTS: Significant statistical differences were found at all ages in both genders. Main differences were found in early-infancy weight-for-age z scores. The prevalence of girls who were undernourished at birth was 3 times higher with the CDC reference than with that of the WHO (13.53% vs 4.50%, respectively), but the opposite was found for boys (2.99% vs 9.58%, respectively). During the first 4 years of life, a higher prevalence of length/height-for-age z scores less than −2.0 was found in both boys (10.77%) and girls (4.51%) when using WHO standards as opposed to the CDC charts. Furthermore, at the age of 5 years, obesity was significantly higher in girls according to WHO standards than in boys according to the CDC charts, although the CDC reference failed to detect a fast rate of weight gain in early infancy.
CONCLUSIONS: The new WHO standards are a better tool than the CDC charts for monitoring growth and detecting early overweight in Latin American children. Therefore, using this new international reference in daily clinical practice in our countries should be emphatically encouraged.
COMPARISON OF THE 2 BRONCHIAL PROVOCATION TESTS OF DIFFERENT DOSAGE CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS FOR INFANTS
Authors: Huang Ying 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTION: Bronchial provocation tests (BPTs) assist in diagnosing and evaluating the curative effect of asthma.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity, reliability, and safety between 2 tidal breathing methods in BPT.
METHODS: Sixty-five infants, including those with asthma and chronic cough, were divided into groups A and B at random. BPT by the improvement of tidal breathing method was performed in group A (35 infants), and the traditional tidal breathing method was performed in group B (30 infants). In 10 normal infants (control subjects), the traditional tidal breathing method was used. In addition, we observed arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory system resistance, %T-PF, percent of tidal volume of peak tidal expiratory flow, and lung symptoms and monitored the vital sign and adverse effects of the test.
RESULTS: Results of the BPTs for all children with asthma were positive. The positive rates for children with chronic cough were 69.57% and 60.00% in groups A and B, respectively; the results of BPTs in control subjects were completely negative. There was no significant difference in positive rate, and both methods had a similar degree of airway hyperresponsiveness; however, in group A, the effect was of shorter duration and the test was more efficient. During the BPT, 6 infants in group A and 9 in group B had cough, but none exhibited an acute asthma episode.
CONCLUSIONS: The improved tidal breathing method, used as a BPT, outweighs the traditional method in sensitivity, specificity, efficiency of detection, dosage of medicine, and safety.
THE CHILDREN IN DISASTERS PROJECT: ADDRESSING THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF CHILDREN IN MAN-MADE AND NATURAL DISASTERS
Authors: Olness Karen , Mandalakas Anna , Pairojkul Srivieng , Holsinger Eva , Bothe Denise , Herran Marisa 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTION: Natural and man-made disasters have increased dramatically over the past 15 years. Children are the most vulnerable population in disasters and suffer acute and long-term physical and psychological damage. In 2005, there were 17 million children displaced from their homes as a result of humanitarian emergencies.
OBJECTIVE: The Children in Disasters Project of the Rainbow Center for Global Child Health aims to reduce the traumatic acute and long-term effects of disasters for children by providing training to health professionals and relief workers, both in the United States and around the world, on how to recognize and respond to the special needs of children in disasters.
RESULTS: Since 1996 the project has provided intensive, interactive, 5-day training programs entitled “Management of Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: Focus on Children and Families.” These were the first programs to emphasize that children need special attention in disasters. This course has been replicated with colleagues in 9 countries and has trained 980 people to help care for disaster-affected children. Course evaluations have been excellent, and trainees have done well in disaster work.
CONCLUSIONS: Because of ongoing humanitarian emergencies, there is a need to continue training relief workers about the special needs of children.
STUDY ON THE DAMAGE OF CULTURED HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS INDUCED BY SEIZURE-LIKE DISCHARGE AND THE EFFECT OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR ON THE INJURED NEURONS
Authors: Jiang Li , Zhang Ming , Li Tingsong 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to observe the damage of cultured hippocampal neurons induced by seizure-like discharge and study the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on such injury.
METHODS: Primary cultured hippocampal neurons were randomly divided into 3 groups: (1) control group: cultured neurons were exposed to regular extracellular solution for 3 hours, then returned to regular medium; (2) seizure-like discharge group: cultured neurons were exposed to magnesium-free extracellular solution for 3 hours, then maintained for 24 hours in regular medium; and (3) BDNF-treated group: cultured neurons were precultured with regular medium added to BDNF (200 ng/mL) for 24 hours and exposed to magnesium-free extracellular solution for 3 hours, then maintained for 24 hours in regular medium that contained BDNF. The morphologic changes of neurons dyed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide were observed. Mitochondria membrane potential (MEP) by JC-1 dye was assessed with laser scanning confocal microscope. Lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) in supernatant was detected by autobiochemical analyzer. BDNF was detected by immunocytochemistry and assessed by optical density.
RESULTS: There were some apoptotic and necrotic neurons in the seizure-like discharge group. Compared with the control group, MEP was significantly decreased and LDH level and BDNF expression were significantly increased in the seizure-like discharge group. Compared with the seizure-like discharge group, MEP was significantly increased and LDH level was significantly decreased in BDNF-treated group, but there was no significant difference on BDNF expression between them.
CONCLUSIONS: Seizure-like discharge could induce injury to hippocampal neurons and could upregulate BDNF expression in hippocampal neurons. BDNF could relieve the damage of neurons induced by seizure-like discharge, so BDNF has protective effects on hippocampal neurons.
SEROLOGICAL STUDY ON IMMUNITY TO MEASLES AND MUMPS IN NORTHERN GREEK CHILDREN
Authors: Haidopoulou Katerina , Fylaktou Asimina , Goutaki Myrofora , Papadimitriou Aikaterini , Kalamitsou Serafeia , Varlamis George 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTION: Routine immunization against measles and mumps has substantially reduced the number of these infections annually. However, outbreaks have been reported recently, even in highly vaccinated populations.
OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the levels of serum antibodies against measles and mumps in a population of children who were vaccinated against measles-mumps-rubella (MMR).
METHODS: The study population consisted of 260 healthy children (aged 15 months to 14.5 years) who were separated into 2 groups according to the number of MMR vaccine doses previously administered: groups A (1 dose) and B (2 doses). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibody levels for measles and mumps were determined in blood serum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Genzyme Virotech, Rüsselsheim, Germany) semiquantitive method.
RESULTS: Groups A and B consisted of 53 children aged 15 months to 8 years and 207 children aged 5 to 14.5 years old, respectively. A majority (93.08%) of the children were protected against measles. Group A and B protection rates were similar (92.27% and 96.23%, respectively). Although most of the children were protected against mumps, the total protection rate was significantly less (81.92%) (P &lt; .01). The protection rate against mumps in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (67.92% vs 85.51%; P &lt; .03).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate high protection rates against measles conferred even by a single dose of the MMR vaccine. A respected percentage of the children were found to be susceptible to mumps even after completion of a 2-dose immunization schedule. Primary vaccine failure may be implicated as a cause of recent mumps outbreaks, but additional studies are needed.