bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality Estimates
Authors: Sarkar Natasha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter takes one through the mortality figures, offering an evaluation of the factors that influenced these high numbers in both urban and rural areas. To gain a deeper understanding of why female mortality rates were greater than male mortality rates, the chapter situates colonial imperialism and women’s health in a wider context. The association of concurrent famines and other disease epidemics with plague mortality is also examined. This is followed by an explanation of why the Europeans appeared to have been immune to the plague. The chapter further discusses the problems associated with the compilation of plague statistics, and the factors that rendered certain classes or groups as more vulnerable to plague deaths.
Conflict Between the Sexes
Authors: Teather Kevin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Males and females differ in the size of gametes they produce. This difference is often magnified by a host of other differences that arise between the sexes. These dissimilarities mean males and females are under different selective forces when optimizing their fitness. Typically, gene-promoting tactics employed by one sex conflict with the other. Genetically, this conflict can occur at the same or different gene loci. For example, it may be better for one sex to be larger than the other and, assuming that the same genes in both sexes determine body size, a genetic conflict can arise. No interaction between the sexes is necessary for intrasexual conflict to occur. Interlocus conflict happens when the interaction between males and females benefits one while is costly or detrimental to the other. Nuptial gifts, copulatory plugs, forced copulation, genitalia anatomy, mate guarding, biparental care, and other reproductive accessories and tactics are provided as examples of sexual conflict.
Imagination and the Two Stems of Cognition
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The first goal in this chapter is to lay out the controversy surrounding how to read Kant’s account of the relationship imagination has to sensibility and understanding. It explores three possible interpretations of his view of imagination. The first interpretation is the “third thing view,” according to which imagination is a third faculty distinct from sensibility and understanding. The second is the “sensibility view,” according to which imagination is part of the faculty of sensibility. And the third is the “understanding view,” according to which imagination is an exercise of the faculty of understanding. The second goal is to start introducing some more specific claims that Kant makes about what kind of cognitive capacity imagination is, which concern its status as a mediating capacity, its ability to represent objects even without their presence, and its spontaneity.
Three Definitions of Imagination
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
On this basis of Kant’s formulations of imagination as a specific “faculty of …,” this chapter teases out three complementary Kantian definitions of imagination: imagination is the faculty of formation, the faculty of intuition even without the presence of objects, and the faculty of exhibition. More specifically, it offers the formation definition as a clarification of his account of what imaginative activity and intuitions of imagination are. Next, the chapter proposes that although the even-without-presence definition might seem like a traditional definition of imagination as fantasy, Kant innovates within this tradition by casting imagination not as a capacity we exercise in the absence of objects, but rather as a capacity that has a degree of independence from objects and that enables us to “see more.” Finally, the chapter presents the exhibition definition as pivotal for understanding Kant’s account of the cognitive function of imagination, as a capacity that can make concepts sensible in intuition.
Imagination and the Appreciation of Beauty
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter’s aim is to clarify Kant’s account of the contribution our imagination makes to the appreciation of natural and artistic beauty. The chapter focuses, in particular, on the contribution our imagination makes to the state of mind Kant labels “free play.” It argues against so-called “precognitive” interpretations of free play, according to which it proceeds without concepts, in favor of a “multicognitive” interpretation, according to which free play involves a cognitive, creative, conceptually rich state of mind. The chapter then offers an analysis of what our imagination does in free play. To this end, it highlights the cognitive dimensions of its contribution through the activities of apprehension, composition, and exhibition, as well as the creative dimensions of its contribution, laying particular emphasis on the new, surprising, and cognitively valuable ways free play expands our conceptual horizons.
Artistic Imagination
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to elucidate Kant’s picture of the cognitive, creative, conceptually rich use of imagination involved in the production of art. More specifically, it argues that in his theory of genius he identifies a distinctive form of imagination exhibition at the heart of artistic creativity: exhibition through so-called ‘aesthetic ideas’. In order to clarify this account of artistic imagination, the chapter explores his account of the cognitive dimensions of artistic production in light of his theory of exhibition, as well as his account of its creative dimensions in light of his theory of genius and aesthetic ideas. It endeavors to show that, for Kant, the freedom of imagination in artistic production consists not in it swinging free from concepts altogether, but rather in the creative ways it exhibits concepts and advances our comprehension of those concepts in expansive and open-ended directions.
Comparison of the in vitro activities of delafloxacin and comparators against Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical strains involved in osteoarticular infections: a CRIOGO multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Tessier E , Ruffier d’Epenoux L , Lartigue M F , Chaufour L , Plouzeau-Jayle C , Chenouard R , Guérin F , Tandé D , Lamoureux C , Bémer P , Corvec S ,   CRIOGO study group, Abgueguen Pierre , Caubrière Marin , Lemarie Carole , Chenouard Rachel , Pailhories Hélène , Vildy Amandine , Ansart Séverine , Quaesaet Luc , Stindel Eric , Tandé Didier , Lamoureux Claudie , Greves Anaïs , Boutoille David , Lecomte Raphaël , Deschanvres Colin , Nich Christophe , Crenn Vincent , Bémer Pascale , Corvec Stéphane , Ruffier d’Epenoux Louise , Paquin Axelle , Grégoire Matthieu , Bourigault Céline , Plantard Barbara , Cazenave-Roblot France , Le Moal Gwenaël , Pries Pierre , Plouzeau-Jayle Chloé , Thomas Céline , Arvieux Cédric , Baldeyrou Marion , Common Harold , Cattoir Vincent , Reissier Sophie , Méheut Anne , Bernard Louis , Lemaignen Adrien , Lacasse Marion , Rosset Philippe , Le Nail Louis-Romée , Lartigue Marie-Frédérique , Laplaige Isabelle , Chaufour Laura 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Staphylococcus epidermidis bone and joint infections (BJIs) on material are often difficult to treat. The activity of delafloxacin has not yet been studied on S. epidermidis in this context. The aim of this study was to assess its in vitro activity compared with other fluoroquinolones, against a large collection of S. epidermidis clinical strains.

Methods
We selected 538 S. epidermidis strains isolated between January 2015 and February 2023 from six French teaching hospitals. One hundred and fifty-two strains were ofloxacin susceptible and 386 were ofloxacin resistant. Identifications were performed by MS and MICs were determined using gradient concentration strips for ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and delafloxacin.

Results
Ofloxacin-susceptible strains were susceptible to all fluoroquinolones. Resistant strains had higher MICs of all fluoroquinolones. Strains resistant to ofloxacin (89.1%) still showed susceptibility to delafloxacin when using the Staphylococcus aureus 2021 CA-SFM/EUCAST threshold of 0.25 mg/L. In contrast, only 3.9% of the ofloxacin-resistant strains remained susceptible to delafloxacin with the 0.016 mg/L S. aureus breakpoint according to CA-SFM/EUCAST guidelines in 2022. The MIC50 was 0.094 mg/L and the MIC90 was 0.38 mg/L.

Conclusions
We showed low delafloxacin MICs for ofloxacin-susceptible S. epidermidis strains and a double population for ofloxacin-resistant strains. Despite the absence of breakpoints for S. epidermidis, delafloxacin may be an option for the treatment of complex BJI, including strains with MICs of ≤0.094 mg/L, leading to 64% susceptibility. This study underlines the importance for determining specific S. epidermidis delafloxacin breakpoints for the management of BJI on material.
Towards optimizing cefepime/tazobactam (WCK 4282) exposure to achieve efficacy against piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant ESBL infections: dose recommendations for various renal functions, including intermittent haemodialysis, in healthy individuals
Authors: Muller Anouk E , De Winter Brenda C M , Koch Birgit C P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
WCK 4282 is a novel combination of cefepime 2 g and tazobactam 2 g being developed for the treatment of infections caused by piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant ESBL infections. The dosing regimen for cefepime/tazobactam needs to be optimized to generate adequate exposures to treat infections caused by ESBL-producing pathogens resistant to both cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam.

Methods
We developed pharmacokinetic population models of cefepime and tazobactam to evaluate the optimal dose adjustments in patients, including those with augmented renal clearance as well as various degrees of renal impairment, and also for those on intermittent haemodialysis. Optimal doses for various degrees of renal function were identified by determining the PTA for a range of MICs. To cover ESBL-producing pathogens with an cefepime/tazobactam MIC of 16 mg/L, a dosing regimen of 2 g q8h infused over 1.5 h resulted in a combined PTA of 99% for the mean murine 1 log10-kill target for the cefepime/tazobactam combination.

Results
We found that to adjust for renal function, doses need to be reduced to 1 g q8h, 500 mg q8h and 500 mg q12h for patients with CLCR of 30–59, 15–29 and 8–14 mL/min (as well as patients with intermittent haemodialysis), respectively. In patients with high to augmented CLR (estimated CLCR 120–180 mL/min), a prolonged 4 h infusion of standard dose is required.

Conclusions
The suggested dosing regimens will result in exposures of cefepime and tazobactam that would be adequate for infections caused by ESBL-producing pathogens with a cefepime/tazobactam MICs up to 16 mg/L.
When False-Positives Arise: Troubleshooting a SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Detection Assay on a Semi-Automated Platform
Authors: Hampel Kenneth J , Gerrard Diana L , Francis Denise , Armstrong Jordan , Cameron Margaret , Ostafin Alexa , Mahoney Briege , Malik Miles , Sidiropoulos Nikoletta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many molecular diagnostic laboratories performed high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 testing often with implementation of automated workflows. In parallel, vaccination campaigns resulted increasingly in specimens from fully vaccinated patients, with resultant clinical inquiries regarding positive results in this patient population. This prompted a quality improvement initiative to investigate the semi-automated testing workflow for false-positive results. The troubleshooting workflow is described and procedural improvements are outlined that serve as a resource for other molecular diagnostic laboratories that need to overcome testing anomalies in a semi-automated environment.

Methods
This workflow utilized the MagMax-96 Viral RNA kit and the CDC 2019-nCoV RT-qPCR Panel on the Agilent Bravo Liquid-Handler (Bravo). Screening of the environment, personnel, and the mechanical performance of instrumentation using low Ct checkerboard challenges was executed to identify sources of cross-contamination. Evaluation of the assay and reporting design was conducted.

Results
Specimen contamination was observed during the viral extraction process on the Bravo. Changes to the program reduced plate contamination by 50% and importantly revealed consistent hallmarks of contaminated samples. We adjusted the reporting algorithm using these indicators of false positives. False positives that were identified made up 0.11% of the 45 000+ tests conducted over the following 8 months.

Conclusions
These adjustments provided confident and quality results while maintaining turnaround time for patients and pandemic-related public health initiatives. This corrected false-positive rate is concordant with previously published studies from diagnostic laboratories utilizing automated systems and may be considered a laboratory performance standard for this type of testing.
Accountability as a service for robotics: Performance assessment of different accountability strategies for autonomous robots
Authors: Fernández-Becerra Laura , Manuel Guerrero-Higueras Ángel , Rodríguez-Lera Francisco Javier , Matellán Vicente 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An essential requirement for increasing human confidence in computer systems is knowing an event’s origin. Therefore, it is necessary to have an efficient method to record such information. It is especially challenging in robotics, where unexpected behaviours can have unpredictable consequences, endangering the interests of people or even their safety. Furthermore, to analyse an incident’s cause or anticipate future behaviours, we must identify the events that cause a specific action. Although it is common to use logging systems for such purposes, issues such as partial recording of events, unhelpful data or the impact on robot performance suggest conceiving new accountability solutions that assist when determining the responsible entities or the provenance of specific information. This paper presents a general-purpose approach to developing an accountability system for autonomous robots. It consists of four main components: a system event logger, a message producer, a distributed event streaming platform and a database. Our proposal is completely decoupled from the monitored system and allows real-time analysis, improving flexibility, besides system protection and transparency. Finally, the need to reduce the impact of the audit process and logging tasks on robot performance has promoted the development of different assessment scenarios to determine the best strategy for providing accounting services.
The Syntax of the Jewish Arabic Dialect of Wad-Souf (Saharan Algeria)
Authors: Gębski Wiktor 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Jewish dialects of Algerian Arabic remain terra incognita within Arabic dialectology. This paper addresses this lacuna and examines specific syntactic aspects within the critically endangered Jewish dialect of Wad-Souf. The study selectively focuses on the topics relevant to the ongoing discussions in the field of Arabic dialectology and the sub-field of Judaeo-Arabic. This research builds on my prior work concerning the phonology and morphology of Jewish Wad-Souf, emphasising linguistic traits that align with Bedouin dialects and showcasing historical connections to sedentary Jewish dialects. The article includes glossed text samples and analytical sections exploring noun, verb and pronoun syntax. While presenting tendencies rather than rigid rules, this research lays the groundwork for future studies on the Jewish dialect of Wad-Souf and on Algerian Judaeo-Arabic in general, forming a basis for a deeper understanding of its syntax and linguistic nuances. The data were obtained during three periods of fieldwork in Israel between March and December 2022.
Mary Shepherd
Authors: Fasko Manuel 
Published: March 2024

Mary Shepherd (née Primrose, b. 1777–d. 1847) is the author of at least two books and three essays published during her lifetime. One of the key focuses of her work rests on the issue of causation. In 1824, the first book, An Essay upon the Relation of Cause and Effect, Controverting the Doctrine of Mr. Hume, concerning the Nature of the Relation; with Observations upon the Opinions of Dr. Brown and Mr. Lawrence, Connected with the Same Subject (ERCE) is published. In ERCE she argues against a Humean notion of causation as constant conjunction that cause and effect are necessarily connected, and that causation requires the causal interaction (‘mixing’) of at least two partial causes. Shepherd returns to the issue of causation, employing the insights from her first book, in the first part of her second book, Essays on the Perception of an External Universe, and Other Subjects Connected with the Doctrine of Causation (EPEU), from 1827. In EPEU she primarily argues that there is a continually existing, mind-independent, and external world. In the second part of this book, we find fourteen essays that discuss a variety of topics ranging from criticizing Berkeley’s mistakes, to discussing various issues in the philosophy of mind and perception. These topics are also the focus in the essays published in 1828. Her last essay, “Lady Mary Shepherd’s Metaphysics” (LMSM) from 1832, contains a dense summary of her metaphysics, which is defended against the criticism of John Fearn (an autodidact and former naval officer). Shepherd’s work seems to have been well-regarded in her day—or at least other participants of the so-called republic of letters were far from indifferent toward it. Her daughter, Mary Brandreth, even writes that William Whewell, a philosopher of science, used one of her books when he was teaching at Cambridge. From the mid-nineteenth century onward, however, Shepherd’s work comes to share the story of most women philosophers and her works drop from view for over a century. It was only around the twentieth century that scholars such as Margaret Atherton, Martha Bolton, and Jennifer McRobert started the work of recovering Shepherd. In the subsequent decades, some articles and overviews were published. Those are mostly concerned with her notion of causation, her criticism of Berkely and Hume or with establishing that she ought to be taken seriously as a philosopher. It is only more recent years, from 2017 onward, that have seen an exponential growth in the philosophical secondary literature on Shepherd. While her notion of causation attracts a lot of attention, as do her criticisms of Berkeley, Hume, and Reid, her metaphysics and epistemology as well as her philosophy of mind now garner significant scholarly engagement. This article, moreover, provides an overview on the primary sources, modern editions, overview articles, and anthologies that are currently available.
Francisco de Zurbarán
Authors: Letvin Alexandra 
Published: March 2024

Francisco de Zurbarán (b. 1598–d. 1664) was a leading painter in Seville between the 1620s and 1650s. Born in Fuente de Cantos, a small village in Extremadura, he trained in Seville between 1614 and 1617 before establishing himself in Llerena, a town near his birthplace. In 1626, he returned to Seville with a commission to execute twenty-one paintings for the Dominican Monastery of San Pablo el Real. This project led to commissions from many of the city’s monastic institutions, which became a primary source of patronage for him. As demand for Zurbarán’s paintings increased both in Spain and the Spanish Viceroyalties, he established a workshop. While based in Seville, he traveled at least twice to Madrid: once, in 1634, to participate in the pictorial decoration for Philip IV’s Hall of Realms at the Buen Retiro Palace, and again in 1658 when he moved permanently to the city. Zurbarán’s fame had already begun to wane in the decade before his death and it was only in the 18th century that he came to be rediscovered by Spanish artists and critics. A familiarity with the artist’s early reception history is key to understanding the framework and arguments of the 20th- and 21st-century monographs and monographic exhibitions dedicated to him. Scholarship on his work can be divided into categories including: technical studies, monastic commissions, series made for private and ecclesiastical patrons as well as the open market, still lifes, paintings made in Madrid, paintings made for export to the Spanish Viceroyalties, and self-reflexive paintings that demonstrate the artist’s engagement with the condition of his art.
Computational Modeling of Rhythm Perception and the Role of Enculturation
Authors: van der Weij Bastiaan , Pearce Marcus T. , Honing Henkjan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter compares a variety of computational models of rhythm perception and discusses them in three sections, each focusing on one of various different theoretical perspectives that exist in cognitive modeling, namely cognitivism, embodied cognition, and predictive processing. The different perspectives suggest different computational modeling techniques, which this chapter uses to differentiate models of rhythm perception. Cognitivism most naturally accommodates rule-based models, coupled oscillation models use mathematical tools associated with embodied cognition, and probabilistic generative models are consistent with predictive processing theories of cognition. Each section provides a short description of a theoretical perspective, followed by a discussion of rhythm perception models consistent with that perspective. Furthermore, the chapter draws attention to the influence that Western music theory may have had on models and theories of rhythm perception. This potential influence is of interest because rhythm perception is thought to be shaped by the history of experiences and activities of listeners, enabling the culture in which a listener is embedded to influence their perception. The chapter briefly reviews what effects this influence may have on rhythm perception, suggesting the need for modeling enculturated rather than “universal” listeners. Throughout, the chapter notes that rule-based models do not take previous experiences and activities of listeners into account, while some coupled oscillation models and probabilistic generative models, computational paradigms that gained popularity more recently, do, albeit to varying degrees. Additionally, probabilistic generative models, consistent with predictive processing, suggest a normative explanation of how previous experiences and activities shape perception.