bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase‐vanishing methods based on fluorous phase screen: A simple way for efficient execution of organic synthesis
Authors: Ryu Ilhyong , Matsubara Hiroshi , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Curran Dennis P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe phase‐vanishing (PV) method is based on spontaneous reaction controlled by diffusion of reagents into fluorous media, such as perfluorohexanes (FC‐72) and polyperfluoroethers. Thus, the original PV reaction utilizes a triphasic test tube method composed of a bottom reagent phase, a middle fluorous phase, and a top substrate phase. In such a triphasic system, the fluorous phase acts as a liquid membrane to transport the bottom reagents to the top organic phase containing substrates. In the end, the bottom layer disappears and two phases remain. Since the first demonstration of the PV method by bromination of alkenes with molecular bromine, a number of applications have been developed thus far. These include halogenation of alcohols with SOBr2 and PBr3, demethylation of methoxyarenes with BBr3, cyclopropanation of alkenes by CH2I2‐AlEt3, and Friedel–Crafts acylation of aromatic compounds with SnCl4. A fluorous triphasic U‐tube method is effective for chlorination of alcohols based on lighter (less dense) reagents such as SOCl2 and PCl3. A system using a solution containing reagents as a bottom phase is useful for oxidation with m‐CPBA, which may be defined as a new category for the “extractive PV” method. Recent advances include a “quadraphasic” PV method, in which an aqueous “scavenger” phase is added to the original triphasic PV method to remove acidic by‐products. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 351–363; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20161
Syntheses, Spectra, Thermal Studies and Crystal Structures of Vitamin B13 Complexes of Nickel(II) with N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethylethylenediamine and 2,2‐Dimethylpropane‐1,3‐diamine
Authors: Yeşilel Okan Zafer , Erer Hakan , Dege Necmi , Büyükgüngör Orhan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTwo nickel(II) complexes of vitamin B13 (H3Or) with N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen) and 2,2‐dimethylpropane‐1,3‐diamine (dmpen) were synthesized and characterized by means of elemental and thermal analyses, magnetic susceptibility, and IR and UV/Vis spectroscopic studies. The crystal structures of mer‐[Ni(HOr)(H2O)2(tmen)]·H2O (1) and [Ni(HOr)(dmpen)2] (2) were determined by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the complexes, which crystallize in the triclinic system (space group $P{\bar 1}$ for 1) and the monoclinic system (space group P21/c for 2), the NiII ions exhibit a distorted octahedral coordination. NiII ions are chelated by the deprotonated nitrogen atom of the pyrimidine ring and the oxygen atom of the carboxylate group, the distorted octahedral coordination completed by one tmen and two aqua ligands for 1 or two dmpen ligands for 2.
Adsorption of Aroma Chemicals on Cotton Fabric in Different Aqueous Environments
Authors: Obendorf S. Kay , Liu Haiqing , Tan Kuitian , Leonard Michael J. , Young Timothy J. , Incorvia Michael J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSurfactants enhance adsorption of an aroma chemical on cotton fiber. Strong hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between surfactant and fiber substrate result in higher adsorption of surfactant/aroma chemical aggregates than for the aroma chemical alone, with higher adsorption for cationic systems than for anionic systems. Adsorption is attributed to solution physical entrapment, hydrophobic interaction, dispersion forces, and interaction with surfactant molecules adsorbed on fiber. Log P and water solubility are important factors in aroma chemical adsorption. Hydrophobicity increased selective partitioning of aroma chemicals on the fiber surface particularly in the presence of surfactants. Statistical analyses indicate some evidence of polar–polar interaction between aroma chemicals and cellulose. With no surfactant, more adsorption is often observed in systems with a higher concentration of NaCl. The screening effect of electrolytes increases with the electrolyte reducing the energy of the liquid–solid interface. Lower interfacial energy results in increased adsorption of an aroma chemical on the fiber surfaces. Electrolyte screening affects aroma chemical adsorption most for anionic surfactant systems. Increase in the concentration of the electrolyte increases the screening effect that reduces the repulsive forces between the anionic molecules and weakly electronegative cotton fiber surfaces. In a cationic system, the screening effect of the electrolyte reduces adsorption of aroma chemicals with increased electrolyte concentration, due to the screening‐reducing attraction between cationic surfactant molecules and the fiber surface. Chemical functionality shows a significant effect (alkanol ≥ ketone ≥ aldehyde > ester) on adsorption. Adsorption increased with increasing molecule ovality. Statistical analyses indicate that molecular shape within a chemical class of compounds influences adsorption of the aroma chemical.
The Management of Stuttering Priapism within a Specialist Unit—A 25-Year Experience
Authors: Muneer A. , Garaffa G. , Minhas S. , Ralph D.J. 
Published: December 2008

Introduction: Stuttering priapism is a rare condition characterised by recurrent prolonged erections. The condition is common in patients with sickle cell disease although a significant proportion suffer from idiopathic stuttering priapism. The management of this condition is mainly through anecdotal reports. Methods: We have retrospectively reviewed 60 patients with this condition in a single centre over a 25-year period. Risk factors were identified and the outcomes of both pharmacological therapies and surgical interventions were recorded. Results: Erections were characteristically nocturnal and painful in nature and lasted up to 72h in some patients. Analysis of the outcomes of both medical and surgical interventions has shown that the use of hormone analogues such as cyproterone acetate is the most efficacious treatment option as it allows a successful control of their erections without a significant loss of libido in 86% of patients. The most successful surgical option was the insertion of a penile prosthesis. Conclusion: Due to the rarity of this condition, the management is variable and based on anecdotal evidence. This study has reported our experience of the most efficacious treatment options for this condition. We also discuss the potential therapeutic role of PDE-5 inhibitors in this condition.
Depression among Nigerian women following pregnancy loss
Authors: Obi Samuel N. , Onah Hyacinth E. , Okafor Innocent I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the level of depression in Nigerian women following spontaneous pregnancy loss and the coping strategies used.MethodsA questionnaire survey of 202 Nigerian women who had involuntary pregnancy loss over a 1‐year period. The Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale was used to assess the women.ResultsTwo‐thirds of the pregnancy losses occurred before 20 weeks of gestation and one‐third occurred after 20 weeks. The majority of respondents (74.3%) had minimal depressive symptoms (scoring 50–59 on the depression scale), 3% had moderate symptoms (scoring 60–69), and 13.9% had severe symptoms (scoring 70–80). Risk factors for moderate to severe depression included being married, previous pregnancy loss, loss of a male fetus, childlessness, and losses after 20 weeks (P < 0.05). Presence of a woman's husband, children, parents and relatives, friends, and religious observance were identified as positive coping strategies.ConclusionMost Nigerian women suffer some level of depression following pregnancy loss, with no living children and losses after 20 weeks being the most significant risk factors.
Patulous eustachian tube complicating gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Alhammadi M , Jönsson R , Olbers T , Yassin O 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:We report the first case in the English literature of a patulous eustachian tube occurring after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for obesity.Method:Case report of a 44-year-old woman who was referred to our ENT clinic complaining of autophonia and bilateral aural fullness. The patient had noticed these symptoms after she had undergone a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery to aid weight loss.Result:On the basis of the medical history, clinical examination and immittance measurement (revealing a change in acoustic immittance synchronous with normal breathing in the right ear), a diagnosis of patulous eustachian tube was made, more severe in the right ear than the left.Conclusion:We report a case of patulous eustachian tube occurring after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery for weight loss, which could be considered as one of the possible complications of this surgery. Our patient began to notice the symptoms of patulous eustachian tube after a 20 kg weight loss.
Social mobilization and social marketing to promote NaFeEDTA-fortified soya sauce in an iron-deficient population through a public–private partnership
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhan Siyan , Sun Jing , Lee Liming 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe present pilot project aimed to assess the effectiveness of social mobilization and social marketing in improving knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) and Fe status in an Fe-deficient population.DesignIn an uncontrolled, before–after, community-based study, social mobilization and social marketing strategies were applied. The main outcomes included KAP and Hb level and were measured at baseline, 1 year later and 2 years later.SettingOne urban county and two rural counties in Shijiazhuang Municipality, Hebei Province, China.SubjectsAdult women older than 20 years of age and young children aged from 3 to 7 years were selected from three counties to attend the evaluation protocol.ResultsAfter 1 year, most knowledge and attitudes had changed positively towards the prevention and control of anaemia. The percentage of women who had adopted NaFeEDTA-fortified soya sauce increased from 8·9 % to 36·6 % (P ≤ 0·001). After 2 years, Hb levels had increased substantially, by 9·0 g/l (P ≤ 0·001) in adult women and 7·7 g/l (P ≤ 0·001) in young children.ConclusionSocial mobilization and social marketing activities had a positive impact on the KAP of adult women, and resulted in marked improvements in Hb levels in both adult women and young children. This should be recommended as a national preventive strategy to prevent and control Fe deficiency and Fe-deficiency anaemia.
The Lisbon Treaty: The Irish ‘No’.
Authors: Editors  
Published: December 2008

The Editorial Board has discussed whether it is appropriate to give attention to the Treaty of Lisbon, in view of the uncertainty of its entry into force. We understand that some legal journals are refraining from discussing it until it has become law or at least until the Irish have cleared the way. (…) we hereby present three contributions about that issue:– Europe's New Realism: The Treaty of LisbonHans-Jürgen Papier– National Parliaments and the Principle of Subsidiarity – Legal Options and Practical LimitsJean-Victor Louis– National parliaments and subidiarity: An outsider's viewGeorge A. Bermann
Bacterial community succession during in situ uranium bioremediation: spatial similarities along controlled flow paths
Authors: Hwang Chiachi , Wu Weimin , Gentry Terry J , Carley Jack , Corbin Gail A , Carroll Sue L , Watson David B , Jardine Phil M , Zhou Jizhong , Criddle Craig S , Fields Matthew W 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 47–64; doi:10.1038/ismej.2008.77 The authors of the above noted an error in publication of this paper (AOP and in this issue) in the labeling of the dots in Figure 8. The corrected Figure 8 is shown below.
Evolution of Thriftiness: An analytical viewpoint
Authors: Belsare Prajakta , Watve Milind 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe examine here, using a simple mathematical model, the conditions under which thrifty genes or fetal programming could evolve. Obesity and related disorders are thought to have their roots in metabolic thirftiness that evolved to combat periodic starvation. The failure to detect any thrifty genes and the association of low birth weight with type 2 diabetes, caused a shift in the concept from thrifty gene to thrifty phenotype and fetal programming. This hypothesis assumes that intra-uterine undernutrition programs the body to be thrifty, predicting and preparing for starvation in later life. However, there are reproductive costs associated with thriftiness. Results of the model suggest that under no condition thrifty and non-thrifty genes would co-exist stably in a population. The conditions for evolution of fetal programming are also very restricted. For species with longer life spans, programming for thriftiness is unlikely to evolve if starvation is decided by seasonality or stochastic annual climatic variations since the correlation between intra-uterine and life-time conditions is poor. On the other hand, if starvation is governed by longer periodicity factors such as population oscillations or social hierarchies, there can be better correlation between intra-uterine and life time conditions. Therefore social and population processes are more likely to have selected for fetal programming rather than seasonal and climatic “feast and famine” conditions. Since social and population processes can have cues other than diet, these cues may also influence the incidence of obesity related disorders as some recent evidence suggest.
Lysine-specific gingipain promotes lipopolysaccharide- and active-vitamin D3-induced osteoclast differentiation by degrading osteoprotegerin
Authors: Yasuhara Rika , Miyamoto Yoichi , Takami Masamichi , Imamura Takahisa , Potempa Jan , Yoshimura Kentaro , Kamijo Ryutaro 
Published: December 2008

Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major pathogens of periodontitis, a condition characterized by excessive alveolar bone resorption by osteoclasts. The bacterium produces cysteine proteases called gingipains, which are classified according to their cleavage-site specificity into Kgps (lysine-specific gingipains) and Rgps (arginine-specific gingipains). In the present study we examined the effects of gingipains on osteoclast differentiation. In co-cultures of mouse bone-marrow cells and osteoblasts, formation of multinucleated osteoclasts induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3 (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) was augmented by Kgp but not by RgpB. A physiological concentration (0.1 nM) of 1α,25(OH)2D3 induced the osteoclast formation in the presence of 100 nM Kgp to an extent comparable with that induced by 10 nM 1α,25(OH)2D3. Kgp also enhanced osteoclastogenesis induced by various microbial components, including lipopolysaccharide. Combined use of Kgp and 1α,25(OH)2D3 or lipopolysaccharide also increased the number of resorption pits developed on dentin slices, indicating that the osteoclasts formed in the presence of Kgp possess bone-resorbing activity. The enhanced osteoclastogenesis by Kgp was correlated with a depletion of osteoprotegerin in co-culture medium and was proteolytic-activity-dependent, since benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-lysylacycloxyketone, an inhibitor of Kgp, completely abolished osteoclastogenesis induced by Kgp. Kgp digested osteoprotegerin, since its recombinant protein was susceptible to degradation by Kgp in the presence of serum. As a result, Kgp did not augment osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures of osteoprotegerin-deficient osteoblasts and bone-marrow cells. In addition, enhanced osteoclastogenesis by Kgp was abolished by an excess amount of recombinant osteoprotegerin. These findings suggest that degradation of osteoprotegerin is one of the mechanisms underlying promotion of osteoclastogenesis by Kgp.
Murena id est Lampreda: Quelques observations lexicologiques et culinaires
Authors: Wille Clara 
Published: December 2008

Le nom latin murena, un poisson fort apprécié à la table médiévale, est unanimement rendu par les gloses, les glossaires et les encyclopédies médiévaux par le terme anglo-normand et ancien français lamproie et vice-versa. Or, selon les histoires naturelles modernes, la murena est un poisson rapace qui vit dans les mers tropicales et sous-tropicales et elle appartient à l’ordre des anguilliformes et à la famille des muraenidae. La lampreda, par contre, fait partie de la famille des petromyzonidae et vit alternativement dans les eaux douces et les eaux salées des régions du nord. La superposition des deux termes désignant les deux poissons à l’époque médiévale s’explique par leur ressemblance: la murène et la lamproie ont une allure serpentine assez caractéristique. Mais il y a un second point qui a dû faciliter la confusion: tout comme la murène était un mets recherché par les riches Romains, la lamproie faisait les délices des rois anglo-normands et français. La lamproie ne manque en effet jamais dans les recueils de recettes de l’époque.
Cet essai se propose, à l’aide de textes historiques et culinaires et de documents iconographiques, d’éclaircir les rapports entre ces deux noms et les poissons qu’ils désignent.
TESTING GRAVITY WITH MOTION OF SATELLITES AROUND GALAXIES: NEWTONIAN GRAVITY AGAINST MODIFIED NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS
Authors: Klypin Anatoly , Prada Francisco 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

The motion of satellite galaxies around normal galaxies at distances 50–500 kpc provides a sensitive test for theories. We study the surface density and velocities of satellites around isolated red galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find that the surface number density of satellites declines with the projected distance as a power law with the slope −1.5 to 2. The rms velocities gradually decline: observations exclude constant velocities at a ∼10σ level. We show that observational data strongly favor the standard model; all three major statistics of satellites—the number-density profile, the line-of-sight velocity dispersion, and the distribution function of the velocities—agree remarkably well with the predictions of the standard cosmological model. Thus, the success of the standard model extends to scales (50–500) kpc, much lower than what was previously considered. Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) fails on these scales for models which assume any single power-law number-density profile of satellites and any constant velocity anisotropy by predicting nearly constant rms velocities of satellites. Satellite data can be fit by fine-tuned models, which require (1) specific non-power-law density profile, (2) very radial orbits at large distances (velocity anisotropy β = 0.60.7 at
R
= 200–300 kpc), and (3) 2–2.5 times more stellar mass than what is found in the galaxies. The external gravity force—a necessary component for MOND—makes the situation even worse. We argue that a combination of satellite data and observational constraints on stellar masses make these models very problematic.
FRAME DRAGGING AND THE KINEMATICS OF GALACTIC-CENTER STARS
Authors: Kannan Rahul , Saha Prasenjit 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We calculate the effects of frame dragging on the Galactic-Center stars. Assuming the stars are only slightly relativistic, we derive an approximation to the Kerr metric, which turns out to be a weak-field Schwarzschild metric plus a frame-dragging term. By numerically integrating the resulting geodesic equations, we compute the effect on Keplerian elements and the kinematics. We find that the kinematic effect at pericenter passage is proportional to (a(1 − e
2))−2. For known Galactic-center stars it is of order 10 m s−1. If observed, this would provide a measurement of the spin of the black hole.
Estimating Gliadin and Albumin Variation at Intra‐ and Interaccession Level in USDA Oriental Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) (A. Lőve & D. Lőve) Collection Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis
Authors: Piergiovanni Angela R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTInterest in so‐called ancient wheats (einkorn, emmer, oriental wheat, and spelt) has increased steadily in the last few decades. Oriental wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) (A. Lőve & D. Lőve) is a neglected and underutilized tetraploid species that has survived over the centuries in some areas of the Near East and central Asia. Very little attention has been devoted by researchers to the evaluation and characterization of the oriental wheat germplasm. Knowledge of the variation of seed storage proteins within a germplasm collection is very useful for breeders interested in increasing the genetic bases of modern wheat cultivars. In this study, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was used to analyze the gliadin and albumin extracts relative to 74 accessions belonging to the oriental wheat collection maintained at the USDA gene bank. Fourteen gliadin patterns were observed. Among the six most frequent patterns, one was widely predominant, being observed in 29 accessions, whereas eight were single types. Two profiles showing similar frequencies within the collection together with six single types were recognized for the albumins. The combination of the observed gliadin and albumin profiles gave rise to 25 combinations. In general, accessions collected in the same country shared the same combinations. This suggests that some accessions could be duplicates of the same genetic stock. Accessions collected in Iran and Turkey, which are indicated as the countries in which oriental wheat originated, were characterized by a higher degree of polymorphism.
Concentrations of Some Metabolites Produced by Fungi of the Genus Fusarium and Selected Elements in Spring Spelt Grain
Authors: Wiwart Marian , Kandler Wolfgang , Perkowski Juliusz , Berthiller Franz , Preinerstorfer Beatrix , Suchowilska Elżbieta , Buśko Maciej , Laskowska Magdalena , Krska Rudolf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the content of selected elements and metabolites produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium in spelt (Triticum spelta L.) grain and husks and common wheat (T. aestivum L.) grain. Concentrations of trichothecenes, a volatile metabolite trichodiene (TRICH), as well as ergosterol (ERG) and adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) (a total microbial biomass indicator), were assessed. Toxin concentrations in spelt grain and husks harvested in 2003 and 2004 were comparable. Average deoxynivalenol concentrations reached 450 and 523 μg/kg in grain and 2,162 and 855 μg/kg in husks, respectively. Spelt grain, in comparison with common wheat grain, contained significantly higher concentrations of P, S, Mg, Zn, and Cu and a lower concentration of Al, whereas the concentrations of Ca, Fe, and Pb were significantly higher in the husks than in the grain of this cereal. A comparison of concentrations of Fusarium spp. metabolites in the grain of spelt and common wheat showed that the total concentration of mycotoxins and TRICH was slightly lower in T. spelta, whereas common wheat grain contained lower concentrations of ERG and ATP. The obtained results indicate that spelt husks contain considerable concentrations of trichothecenes.