bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing imaging radiation risk in a population of 8918 patients with recurrent imaging for a better effective dose
Authors: Ria Francesco , Rehani Madan M. , Samei Ehsan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn updated extension of effective dose was recently introduced, namely relative effective dose ($${E}_{r}$$

E
r

), incorporating age and sex factors. In this study we extended $${E}_{r}$$

E
r

application to a population of about 9000 patients who underwent multiple CT imaging exams, and we compared it with other commonly used radiation protection metrics in terms of their correlation with radiation risk. Using Monte Carlo methods, $${E}_{r}$$

E
r

, dose-length-product based effective dose ($${E}_{DLP}$$

E

DLP

), organ-dose based effective dose ($${E}_{OD}$$

E

OD

), and organ-dose based risk index ($${\text{RI}}$$
RI
) were calculated for each patient. Each metric’s dependency to $${\text{RI}}$$
RI
was assessed in terms of its sensitivity and specificity. $${E}_{r}$$

E
r

showed the best sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with $${\text{RI}}$$
RI
(R2 = 0.97); while $${E}_{DLP}$$

E

DLP

yielded the lowest specificity and, along with $${E}_{OD}$$

E

OD

, the lowest sensitivity. Compared to other metrics, $${E}_{r}$$

E
r

provided a closer representation of patient and group risk also incorporating age and sex factors within the established framework of effective dose.
Burden of alcohol and other substance use and correlates among undergraduate students at Busitema University in rural Eastern Uganda after COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Kirabira Joseph , Kagoya Enid Kawala , Mpagi Joseph , Atala Christine Etoko , Ndamanywa Kalisiti , Okibure Ambrose , Kibuuka Ronald , Katongole Fauz , Wandabwa Julius 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUse of alcohol and other substances remains a major health concern among higher learning institutions. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of alcohol and other substance use among students at Busitema University in Eastern Uganda. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 658 undergraduate students using a questionnaire consisting of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Tool and participant sociodemographic and clinical factors. Logistic regression was used to explore the associations. Two hundred sixty-five (40.3%) students reported ever using alcohol and 158 (24.0%) had used in last 3 months. Seventy-four (11.2%) students reported ever use of other substances including tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants sedatives and hallucinogens and 36 (5.5%) had used within the recent 3 months. After controlling for potential confounders, recent alcohol use was associated with engaging in romantic relationship (odd ratio (OR) = 1.9, P value (P) = 0.045) while having chronic medical conditions was protective (OR = 0.3, P = 0.031). On the other hand, recent use of other substances was 7 times higher among males (OR = 7.0, P = 0.008) compared to females while fourth year of study was protective (OR = 0.05, P = 0.011). Although alcohol use is a worsening challenge among university students, use of other substances is also highly prevalent after COVID-19 lockdown. There is need for universities to identify students with above factors and design interventions to address them in order to prevent the likely undesirable outcomes of alcohol and substance use.
Genomic diversity of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus in Japan reveals the complex genomic basis of azole resistance
Authors: He Xiaohui , Kusuya Yoko , Hagiwara Daisuke , Toyotome Takahito , Arai Teppei , Bian Cai , Nagayama Masaki , Shibata Saho , Watanabe Akira , Takahashi Hiroki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAspergillus fumigatusis a pathogenic fungus with a global distribution. The emergence of azole-resistantA. fumigatus(ARAf) other than the TR-mutants is a problem in Japan. Additionally, the genetic diversity ofA. fumigatusstrains in Japan remains relatively unknown. Here we show the diversity in theA. fumigatusstrains isolated in Japan as well as the complexity in the global distribution of the pathogenic strains. First, we analyzed the genome sequences of 171 strains from Japan as well as the antifungal susceptibility of these strains. Next, we conducted a population analysis of 876 strains by combining the available genomic data for strains isolated worldwide, which were grouped in six clusters. Finally, a genome-wide association study identified the genomic loci associated with ARAfstrains, but not the TR-mutants. These results highlight the complexity of the genomic mechanism underlying the emergence of ARAfstrains other than the TR-mutants.
Peculiar magnetotransport properties in epitaxially stabilized orthorhombic Ru3+ perovskite LaRuO3 and NdRuO3
Authors: Zhang Lingfei , Fujita Takahiro C. , Masutake Yuuki , Kawamura Minoru , Arima Taka-hisa , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Tokunaga Masashi , Kawasaki Masashi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractComplex oxides are interesting materials where multiple physical properties and functionalities can be realized by integrating different elements in a single compound. However, owing to the chemical instability, not all the combinations of elements can be materialized despite the intriguing potential expected from their magnetic and electronic properties. Here we demonstrate an epitaxial stabilization of orthorhombic Ru3+ perovskite oxides: LaRuO3 and NdRuO3, and their magnetotransport properties that reflect the difference between non-magnetic La3+ and magnetic Nd3+. Above all, an unconventional anomalous Hall effect accompanied by an inflection point in magnetoresistance is observed around 1.3 T below 1 K for NdRuO3, which we propose is possibly related to a non-coplanar spin texture on Nd3+ sublattice. These studies not only serve as a new testbed for the interplay between spin-orbit coupling and Coulomb interaction but also open a new avenue to explore topological emergent phenomena in well-studied perovskite oxides.
Poor lie detection related to an under-reliance on statistical cues and overreliance on own behaviour
Authors: Zheng Sarah Ying , Rozenkrantz Liron , Sharot Tali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe surge of online scams is taking a considerable financial and emotional toll. This is partially because humans are poor at detecting lies. In a series of three online experiments (Nexp1 = 102, Nexp2 = 108, Nexp3 = 100) where participants are given the opportunity to lie as well as to assess the potential lies of others, we show that poor lie detection is related to the suboptimal computations people engage in when assessing lies. Participants used their own lying behaviour to predict whether other people lied, despite this cue being uninformative, while under-using more predictive statistical cues. This was observed by comparing the weights participants assigned to different cues, to those of a model trained on the ground truth. Moreover, across individuals, reliance on statistical cues was associated with better discernment, while reliance on one’s own behaviour was not. These findings suggest scam detection may be improved by using tools that augment relevant statistical cues.
Single cell atlas of kidney cancer endothelial cells reveals distinct expression profiles and phenotypes
Authors: Xu Yuexin , Miller Chris P. , Xue Jun , Zheng Ying , Warren Edus H. , Tykodi Scott S. , Akilesh Shreeram 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) represent the primary interface between the tumor microenvironment and circulating immune cells, however their phenotypes are incompletely understood in highly vascularized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods
We purified tumor and matched normal endothelial cells (NECs) from ccRCC specimens and performed single-cell RNA-sequencing to create a reference-quality atlas available as a searchable web resource for gene expression patterns. We established paired primary TECs and NECs cultures for ex vivo functional testing.

Results
TECs from multiple donors shared a common phenotype with increased expression of pathways related to extracellular matrix regulation, cell-cell communication, and insulin-like growth factor signaling. This phenotype was shared with hepatocellular carcinoma associated TECs, suggesting convergent TEC phenotypes between unrelated tumors. Cultured TECs stably maintained a core program of differentially regulated genes which promoted resistance to apoptosis after vascular endothelial growth factor removal and increased adhesiveness to subsets of immune cells including regulatory T-cells.

Conclusions
Our studies demonstrate that TECs have a distinct phenotype that is shared by TECs from different tumor types and stable in ex vivo culture. The distinct adhesive interaction of TECs with immune cells raises the possibility of their modulation to improve immune cell-based therapies for RCC.
Spatial-temporal evolution and trend prediction of ecological civilization construction efficiency from the perspective of audit
Authors: Liao Zhenjie , Zhang Honghao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe performance evaluation of ecological civilization construction is an important content of ecological civilization audit. The super-efficiency slacks-based measure model measured inter-provincial ecological civilization construction efficiency based on the panel data of Chinese provinces and cities during 2000–2020. Based on the time series and spatial correlation analyses, the traditional and spatial Markov probability transfer matrixes were constructed to explore the spatial and temporal dynamic evolution characteristics of China’s ecological civilization construction efficiency and predict its long-term trend. The study revealed that China’s ecological civilization construction efficiency has a “bimodal” distribution with a stable increase in fluctuation. The gap between the peak heights is small; however, the overall ecological civilization construction efficiency is low. We also revealed that from the long-term evolution trend forecast, most provinces and cities gradually shift to higher levels of ecological civilization construction efficiency and gradually evolve into having a gradual increase pattern in the geographical context of low ecological civilization construction efficiency, resulting in the long-term evolution of the stable state performance. In the geographic context of low ecological civilization construction efficiency, the long-term evolution of the stable state is a partial “single-peaked” distribution. Finally, we analyzed the directions for improvement in this study and suggested that inter-regional ecological civilization construction policy connections and the fortification of inter-regional ecological civilization construction cooperation and exchange can effectively improve China’s ecological civilization construction efficiency, narrow the gap between provinces and cities, and promote the construction of ecological civilization.
The action reference construction in Mandarin Chinese and typology of lexical flexibility
Authors: Gong Liwei , Uehara Satoshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The parts of speech system and lexical flexibility in Mandarin Chinese (henceforth Chinese) has long been subjects
of debate due to the pervasive zero coding of action reference constructions. In this article, we analyze properties of the
Chinese Action Reference Construction from the perspective of Radical Construction Grammar (Croft 2001, 2022), focusing on its structural coding, behavioral potential,
productivity, and semantic shifts. We also discuss typological features that potentially reinforce lexical flexibility in Chinese,
and the implications that the language-specific properties of Chinese present for cross-linguistic discussions of parts of speech.
Specifically, reference, instead of predication, is the most flexible information-packaging function in Chinese, challenging the
privileged status of predication established in previous studies on parts of speech and lexical flexibility.
How Important are Best Practices and a Horse’s Characteristics to Protect Welfare During Equine Air Transport?
Authors: Padalino B , Felici M , Nanni Costa L , Cogger N , Riley CB 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Equine air transport is a complex event. This study presents the cases of two horses transported from the USA to New Zealand and discusses the importance of knowing the horse’s temperament and previous travel history (i.e., transport-related health and behavioural problems) and appropriate management. The two horses were reported to have temperament traits of nervousness/excitability and stubbornness, limited travel training and experience, and previous transport-related problems. After being quarantined for 23 days, the horses were transported by road to the departure airport, where they were unloaded from the road vehicle, health-checked, and loaded without problems into three-horse capacity jet stalls, by a flight groom with 50 years of experience in horse handling. During the flight, the horses were regularly checked, watered, and fed; both ate and drank. However, on arrival, when the horses were monitored, both showed fever (rectal temperature > 38.6°C). While the flight groom’s experience may have facilitated the handling of the horses during the air transport phases, reducing the risk of injuries, the horses could have had difficulty coping with air transport stress, developing fever after the flight due to their poor temperament and previous travel history. Knowing the individual details of the horses, training or re-training them for loading and travelling, and monitoring them carefully before, during, and after the air journey are recommended to minimise the welfare issues associated with air transport.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Ricci reheating reloaded
Authors: Laverda Giorgio , Rubio Javier 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A Hubble-induced phase transition is a natural spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism allowing for explosive particle production in non-oscillatory models of inflation involving non-minimally coupled spectator fields. In this work, we perform a comprehensive characterisation of this type of transitions as a tachyonic Ricci-heating mechanism, significantly extending previous results in the literature. By performing 𝒪 (100) 3+1-dimensional classical lattice simulations, we explore the parameter space of two exemplary scenarios, numerically determining the main timescales in the process. Based on these results, we formulate a set of parametric equations that offer a practical approach for determining the efficiency of the heating process, the temperature at the onset of radiation domination, and the minimum number of e-folds of inflation needed to resolve the flatness and horizon problems in specific quintessential inflation scenarios. These parametric equations eliminate the need for additional lattice simulations, providing a convenient and efficient method for evaluating these key quantities.
Cosmic topology. Part IIa. Eigenmodes, correlation matrices, and detectability of orientable Euclidean manifolds
Authors: Eskilt Johannes R. , Akrami Yashar , Anselmi Stefano , Copi Craig J. , Jaffe Andrew H. , Kosowsky Arthur , Mihaylov Deyan P. , Starkman Glenn D. , Tamosiunas Andrius , Mertens James B. , Petersen Pip , Saha Samanta , Taylor Quinn , Güngör Özenç ,   The COMPACT collaboration
Published: March 2024

Abstract
If the Universe has non-trivial spatial topology,
observables depend on both the parameters of the spatial manifold and the position and orientation of the observer.
In infinite Euclidean space, most cosmological observables arise from the amplitudes of Fourier modes of primordial scalar curvature perturbations.
Topological boundary conditions replace the full set of Fourier modes with specific linear combinations of selected Fourier modes as the eigenmodes of the scalar Laplacian.
We present formulas for eigenmodes in orientable Euclidean manifolds with the topologies E
1–E
6, E
11, E
12, E
16, and E
18 that encompass the full range of manifold parameters and observer positions, generalizing previous treatments.
Under the assumption that the amplitudes of primordial scalar curvature eigenmodes are independent random variables, for each topology we obtain the correlation matrices of Fourier-mode amplitudes (of scalar fields linearly related to the scalar curvature) and the correlation matrices of spherical-harmonic coefficients of such fields sampled on a sphere, such as the temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB).
We evaluate the detectability of these correlations given the cosmic variance of the observed CMB sky. We find that topologies where the distance to our nearest clone is less than about 1.2 times the diameter of the last scattering surface
of the CMB give a correlation signal that is larger than cosmic variance noise in the CMB.
This implies that if cosmic topology is the explanation of large-angle anomalies in the CMB, then the distance to our nearest clone is not much larger than the diameter of the last scattering surface.
We argue that the topological information is likely to be better preserved in three-dimensional data, such as will eventually be available from large-scale structure surveys.
Processes explaining increased ocean dynamic sea level in the North Sea in CMIP6
Authors: Jesse Franka , Le Bars Dewi , Drijfhout Sybren 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ocean dynamic sea level (ODSL) is expected to be one of the major contributors to sea level rise in the North Sea during the 21st century. This component is defined as the spatial sea level anomaly due to ocean currents, wind stresses and local thermosteric and halosteric effects. Climate models from CMIP5 and CMIP6 show a large spread, as well as an increase between CMIP5 and CMIP6 North Sea ODSL projections. In this study, we apply linear regression models on CMIP5 and CMIP6 data to get a better understanding of the processes that influence ODSL change in the North Sea. We find that neither global surface air temperature nor global mean thermosteric sea level can reproduce ODSL projections based on a linear relation in CMIP6, whereas this was the case for CMIP5. Including the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) as an additional predictor enables us to reproduce long-term changes in ODSL for both ensembles. The sensitivity to the AMOC increased in CMIP6, which points to a difference in model dynamics between CMIP5 and CMIP6, and a more important role of the deep ocean. To investigate this further, we analyse mixed layer depth data in the North Atlantic. We find that models with a relatively deep mixed layer in the Greenland Sea over the period 1985–2004, project larger rise in ODSL in the North Sea for both CMIP5 and CMIP6. This implies that the location of deep water formation in the North Atlantic potentially influences ODSL in the North Sea. The number of these models increased from CMIP5 to CMIP6, again pointing to a different sensitivity to larger scale processes, potentially explaining the difference between the two ensembles.
On different approaches to integrable lattice models
Authors: Belavin Vladimir , Gepner Doron , Ramos Cabezas J , Runov Boris 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Interaction-round the face (IRF) models are two-dimensional lattice models of statistical mechanics defined by an affine Lie algebra and admissibility conditions depending on a choice of representation of that affine Lie algebra. Integrable IRF models, i.e. the models the Boltzmann weights of which satisfy the quantum Yang–Baxter equation, are of particular interest. In this paper, we investigate trigonometric Boltzmann weights of integrable IRF models. By using an ansatz proposed by one of the authors in some previous works, the Boltzmann weights of the restricted IRF models based on the affine Lie algebras

su

(
2

)
k

and

su

(
3

)
k

are computed for fundamental and adjoint representations for some fixed levels k. New solutions for the Boltzmann weights are obtained. We also study the vertex-IRF correspondence in the context of an unrestricted IRF model based on

su

(
3

)
k

(for general k) and discuss how it can be used to find Boltzmann weights in terms of the quantum

R
^

matrix when the adjoint representation defines the admissibility conditions.
Development of a prototype of weeding robot
Authors: Nguyen Van-Tinh , Tung Tran Thanh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Weeds, or wild grasses, are naturally occurring grasses that grow in the wild without human cultivation. Weeds have detrimental effects on soil and crops, including competing with crops for space, nutrients, light, and moisture in the soil, which ultimately reduces crop productivity. Typically, herbicides are used to eliminate weeds, but all of these chemicals carry a potential threat to human well-being. This article presents a detailed plan for building a DELTA robot that is specifically engineered to eliminate weeds in agricultural environments. This article presents a systematic approach encompassing research, kinematics calculation, robot control, and the fabrication of a weed-killing robot prototype. The article proposes a prototype of a weed-killing robot with simple operation suitable for Vietnam’s economic conditions. The experiments show that the robot can effectively remove different types of weeds from lettuce fields. The results show that the proposed prototype is completely capable of replacing humans, helping to improve productivity as well as protect health and help farmers avoid unwanted effects from herbicide chemicals.
Design of an improved impedance tube to measure sound absorption coefficients of flexible textile materials
Authors: Li Yunlong , Dai Yang , Yao Guangchun , Luo Wan , Zhi Chao , Xing Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Textile materials have demonstrated significant potential in sound noise reduction due to their porous, lightweight, and easily processed nature. However, the current experimental setup for measuring the sound absorption of small-sized samples is expensive. Additionally, there is a lack of suitable equipment for measuring the sound absorption of flexible textiles as it is challenging to mount flexible samples into an impedance tube. This paper presents the design, fabrication, and testing of impedance tubes specifically designed for measuring the sound absorption coefficients of textile materials. The impedance tubes were designed based on the transfer function and two-microphone methods, with diameters of 100 mm and 30 mm. These tubes covered frequency ranges from 200–1600 Hz and 500–6400 Hz, respectively. Furthermore, improved sample holders were developed to mount flexible textile materials without altering the acoustic impedance characteristics of the front surface of the test sample. Validation experiments were conducted on melamine foams, and the results were compared with those obtained from the commercial B&K 4206 setup. The results obtained from the designed setup showed good agreement with those from the B&K 4206 system. The maximum error observed was 8% at 2800 Hz for the 30 mm diameter tube and 8.3% at 1600 Hz for the 100 mm diameter tube. Finally, the designed system was used to measure the sound absorption coefficients of textile materials with varying densities. The results obtained were consistent with the material properties, demonstrating the effectiveness of the designed setup.