bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A quantitative study of airway, artery, and alveolar development
Authors: Kitagawa M , Hislop Alison , Boyden E A , Reid Lynne 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
From a case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia the pattern of growth of the airways, alveoli, and pulmonary arteries of both lungs, each hypoplastic, has been analysed quantitatively. The impairment of growth for each type of structure is not necessarily the same and differs in each lung. Airway and alveolar numbers are both greatly reduced, although the latter are more nearly normal when related to the number of terminal bronchioli in the lung. In each lung the size of the pulmonary artery at the hilum is appropriate to the lung volume but small for the age of the child. Muscle is found in much smaller arteries than is normal but not to a more peripheral level.
The way the lungs in a case of congenital diaphragmatic hernia might grow after surgical correction of the hernia is discussed and a plea made for respiratory physiological studies in such cases.
Ileovaginal fistula: Complicating internal hernial strangulation through a broad ligament defect
Authors: Mathieson A J M , Millar W G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The causes of ileovaginal fistula are discusse.
A case of ileovaginal fistula due to incrceration of ileum in a broad ligament defect is presented and the anatomy and aetiology of broad ligament pouches and foramina are discussed.
The injuries and management of riot casualties admitted to the belfast hospital wards, August to October, 1969
Authors: Robb J D A , Matthews J G W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Belfast has experienced intermittent rioting for 18 months. An analysis of riot casualties admitted to the wards of Belfast hospitals from 1 Aug. to 31 Oct., 1969, is presented.
Approximately 500 casualties came to hospital and of these only 164 were admitted. Eighty-three (50·6 per cent of admissions) required surgery. One-third of all admissions had left hospital within 48 hours and only 23 (14 per cent) remained for longer than 2 weeks. The demand for resuscitation was not high and the need for blood unexpectedly low. We describe in this article the types of injury and the treatment they were given.
During rioting there are many reasons why surgical preparations may exceed the need for them. Pro-longed dislocation of normal hospital services does not seem justified by the pattern which emerged. The reception of the large number of casualties arriving over a 2–3-hour period on the first peak night is discussed. Some of the ethical difficulties of the riot situation are mentioned. Problems of internal security and communication are discussed.
Bacteriaemia following urological surgery
Authors: Ives J C J , Browne A K , Jones W W , Marshall A , Campbell D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This is a study of postoperative bacteriaemia in 100 consecutive patients having urological surgery under general anaesthesia. Bacteriaemia was noted in 12 per cent of patients and was found to be much commoner in patients having prostatic surgery than in those having bladder, ureteral, or upper urinary-tract surgery. Bacteriaemia was commoner in those patients whose urine was infected at the time of operation. The use of prophylactic antimicrobial cover in patients with infected urine is discussed.
Metastatic tumours of the diaphragm
Authors: Brennan J L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a series of 151 autopsies on cases of malignant disease, 12 (7.9 per cent) were found to have involvement of the diaphragm as compared with 5 (3.4 per cent) which had metastases in the spleen. Secondary deposits from the bronchus and stomach were rarely seen in comparison with those from more distant organs and the surgical importance of this finding is discussed.
Heller's operation for achalasia of the cardia. A study of the early and late results
Authors: Barker John R , Franklin R H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thirty patients who had undergone Heller's operation for achalasia of the cardia have been studied. All but I had relief of the dysphagia at 1 year's follow-up. Five of the 14 patients followed for 10 years or more had severe reflux oesophagitis, 3 requiring further operative treatment.
The fate of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the lungs
Authors: Gruby Lesley A , Rowlands Christine , Varley B Q , Wyllie J H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Isolated guinea-pig lungs perfused with Krebs solution were found to remove 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) from the fluid perfusing them. Two processes were involved: (1) the active uptake of 5HT by cells in the lungs, and (2) the metabolism of 5HT to 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5HIAA). The experiments emphasize that the lungs have a metabolic capacity in addition to their passive function of gas diffusion.
Derangement of the metabolic functions of the lungs may prove to be as serious clinically as derangement of their respiratory functions. Failure to clear the venous plasma of free 5HT would affect the aggregation of platelets and might thus have a bearing on the problem of deep venous thrombosis in man.
Stenosing jejunitis
Authors: Aubrey D A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of multiple strictures of the upper mid-gut, here described, was associated with malabsorption, a feature not previously recorded. The condition most frequently affects the jejunum, but the duodenum and ileum may also be involved. The disease produces multiple strictures due to the formation of mucosal valves, which may almost occlude the intestinal lumen. Histologically the lesion affects only the mucosal and submucosa. It may result from atypical Crohn's disease or subacute non-specific enteritis. It remains to be seen whether simple incision of the strictures will suffice in treatment.
The effect of 17-alpha-hydroxy-19-norprogesterone caproate (SH 582) on benign prostatic hypertrophy
Authors: Aubrey D A , Khosla T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of 17-alpha-hydroxy-19-norprogesterone caproate (SH 582) in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy has been assessed in a double-blind cross-over trial in 24 volunteers.
In most subjects there was subjective and objective evidence that SH 582 had a beneficial effect which exceeded that of the placebo. Only 2 subjects emerged from the trial without improvement.
Treatment with SH 582 did not significantly affect the serum prostatic acid phosphatase.
Thyroid function was not inhibited by SH 582, thus suggesting that the drug acted peripherally rather than via pituitary inhibition.
Side-effects were negligible.
Arteriomegaly
Authors: Thomas M Lea 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The angiographic and clinical findings in 30 patients with smoothly dilated, tortuous, elongated arteries with a slow blood-flow on arteriography are presented.
In many patients there was a short history of intermittent claudication, and in some a tendency to peripheral embolism and gangrene.
Twenty patients (66 per cent) had aneurysms.
The term ‘arteriomegaly’ is suggested, as the aetiology of the condition is not clearly defined.
The handling of water and electrolytes by the small bowel following the relief of intestinal obstruction
Authors: Grace R H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A study has been made of the intestinal handling of water and electrolytes following the relief of smallbowel obstruction. A new technique has been described for perfusing the ileum of conscious animals. It has been shown that the ileum secretes water and electrolytes for at least 48 hours following the relief of obstruction, and that decompression increases this fluid loss during the first 6 hours after surgery. It is suggested that the fluid and electrolyte requirements during this period will be increased when decompression is performed.
Infective complications of choledochotomy with T-tube drainage
Authors: Keighley M R B , Graham N G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A high incidence of infective complications followed choledochotomy and T-tube drainage when compared with closed biliary-tract procedures. Organisms cultured from infective sites were identical to those isolated from the T-tube in the postoperative period. Postoperative infection was associated with an increased morbidity in terms of length of hospital stay. As infection in these sites was independent of the presence of stones in the common bile-duct, complications would have been reduced if unnecessary exploration had been avoided. The routine use of operative cholangiography in the avoidance of these complications is discussed.
The early and late results of surgical treatment for Crohn's disease
Authors: de Dombal F T , Burton I , Goligher J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An analysis is presented of the early results of 415 operations performed for Crohn's disease on 295 patients at the Leeds General Infirmary from 1939 to 1968 inclusive. Two hundred and forty-four of the operations were primary and the other 171 were reoperations.
The operative mortality was 4.1 per cent after primary operation, 8.2 per cent after reoperation, and 5.8 per cent overall. The most important factor influencing the immediate mortality after primary surgery was the age of the patients, the mortality in patients under 50 years being 2.6 per cent and that in patients over that age 8.9 per cent.
The main postoperative complications were sepsis, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and delay in the healing of the perineal wound, which persisted unhealed for over 6 months in 42 per cent of the patients who had had rectal excision.
In the interests of simplicity assessment of the ultimate outcome of surgery is confined to an examination of the late results in the 234 immediate survivors of primary operations by means of a follow-up ranging from 6 months to 30 years. Four patients could not be traced and 2 had had their operations less than 6 months before the completion of the review in 1968, which left 228 patients for analysis.
The overall late mortality in this group was 13 per cent. Much of it was due to intercurrent conditions such as would be expected in a matched sample of the general population, but 7 per cent was related to Crohn's disease, being due mostly to septic complications following reoperations.
Thirty-four per cent of the patients needed at least one further operation after their initial one for Crohn's disease. However, after reoperation the chances of a third or fourth operation being necessary were not increased. The reoperation rate varied considerably after different primary operations, being lowest after proctocolectomy and highest after by-pass operations and colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis.
Symptomatically most of the patients have done well. At the time of review 87 per cent of them were enjoying good or very good general health (76 per cent of patients after small-bowel operations, but 96 per cent of those after large-bowel operations), and over the period of follow-up 72 per cent of the patient-years' were spent free of symptoms.
At the time of review persistent disease was clearly demonstrated in 16 per cent of patients and was possibly present in 9 per cent, but was absent in 75 per cent.
The outcome of surgery for Crohn's disease sometimes leaves a good deal to be desired. It is suggested, however, that the results demonstrated here amply justify its frequent use as a means of alleviating symptoms and of restoring the patient to a reasonable state of health.
Iliacus compartment compression syndrome
Authors: Aichroth Paul , Rowe-Jones D C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of femoral nerve compression are described. In the first a large haematoma developed in the iliacus compartment whilst the patient was on anticoagulant therapy. In the second, compression was due to an appendix abscess within the iliacus compartment. This complication of appendicitis has not previously been recorded.
Pancreatic secretion after selective and truncal vagotomy in the dog
Authors: Thambugala R L , Baron J H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
External pancreatic secretion was studied in 4 dogs: 2 with a Thomas cannula and 2 with a new cannula in which a duodenal pouch acts as an extension of the pancreatic duct. Peak bicarbonate outputs after a meal were about a third of the maximal secretory capacity of the pancreas in response to single intravenous injections of pure secretin, whereas peak protein concentrations and outputs after a meal were of the order of the maximum response to injections of secretin and pancreozymin.
There were no consistent changes in hormonestimulated pancreatic secretion after selective vagotomy. Meal-stimulated pancreatic secretion was markedly reduced after truncal vagotomy (81 per cent reduction in peak bicarbonate output, 65 per cent in peak protein output). Secretin-stimulated bicarbonate output was markedly decreased 3 weeks after truncal vagotomy, but then gradually increased to control values, and in 1 dog to twice the control. Pancreozymin-stimulated protein output was increased after truncal vagotomy, reaching values two to three times the control. Local anaesthetics applied topically to the periampullary duodenal mucosa markedly inhibited secretin-stimulated bicarbonate output even after truncal vagotomy, but there was only slight reduction after subcutaneous lignocaine.
The reduction in food-stimulated pancreatic secretion after truncal vagotomy is unlikely to be caused by pancreatic denervation, since the postvagotomy pancreatic response to direct stimulation with exogenous hormones is normal or supranormal, and is probably due to decreased release of gastrointestinal hormones after a meal. Local reflex arcs may influence the pancreas and may explain (by denervation supersensitivity) the post-vagotomy increase in pancreatic secretion as well as the effects of topical local anaesthetics.
The role of neural factors in the regulation of external pancreatic secretion has long been disputed. This subject is now of particular clinical interest in relation to the causes of post-vagotomy diarrhoea and steatorrhoea (for a review of the literature, see Cox, 1969). With the development of a new cannula for studying external pancreatic secretion in the unanaesthetized dog (Thambugala, 1971) the opportunity was taken to study the effects of selective and truncal vagotomy on the pancreatic secretory responses to food and pure secretin and pancreozymin.
Complete prolapse of the rectum a report on 140 cases treated by rectopexy
Authors: Loygue J , Huguier M , Malafosse M , Biotois H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Indirect fixation of the rectum to the anterior ongitudinal ligament over the sacral promontory was performed at 146 operations for procidentia recti in a homogeneous series of 140 patients. Before fixation the rectum was widely dissected and thoroughly mobilized. The recurrence rate after follow-up intervals of up to 15 years was 3.6 per cent. The procedure is simple to perform and eliminates the hazard of anastomotic breakdown which is associated with excisional methods. The authors regard it as the method of choice in the operative treatment of complete rectal prolapse.
The operative diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Trapnell John 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The radiological appearances of the main pancreatic duct in patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas is described. It is suggested that both a uniform dilatation of the duct system and a gap between the head of the dye and the duodenum may be taken as indicative of the presence of a carcinoma and hence allow an immediate distinction between this condition and chronic relapsing pancreatitis.
Malignant oncocytoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Whittam D E , Bose B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of malignant oncocytoma of the parotid gland is presented. The theory of origin of the oncocytes is briefly discussed. A short account of the naked-eye appearances and the histological features of oncoytoma is given. It is suggested that angiography may be a valuable diagnostic procedure in detecting malignancy in selected cases.
Chromaffin-cell tumours a review of 10 cases
Authors: Georgakakis A K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Experiences with 10 cases of phaeochromocytoma are recorded. Seven of them were located in the suprarenals, and 3 were in a rare ectopic location.
We feel that there are lessons to be learnt from this series and that it should be reported, in spite of the Acient Athenian proverb which says: ‘Do not bring mother owl to the City, there are already too many…’.
Femoral hernia: A recent appraisal
Authors: Waddington R T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a series of 128 cases of femoral hernia the female to male ratio was 3 : 1. The incidence of strangulation remained evenly distributed throughout all age-groups, but because of the tendency for femoral hernia to develop in the elderly most cases of strangulation occurred over the age of 60 years. The low approach was used in 119 patients and the mortality was less than 1 per cent. In only 1 of the 14 patients requiring bowel resection was a further (paramedian) incision necessary in order to return the bowel to the peritoneal cavity. The improvement in mortality in recent years is considered to be due to improvements in fluid and electrolyte management, to more effective antibiotics, and to safe anaesthesia.
Occupational true aneurysm of the ulnar artery in the palm
Authors: Mukerjea S K 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of true traumatic aneurysm of the ulnar artery is reported. There is no problem in diagnosing this condition due to the typical sequence of events with characteristic physical signs. Arteriography is not necessary. Treatment is by simple ligation of all involved feeding vessels and total excision of the aneurysm.
Pylorus-preserving gastrectomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer
Authors: Hennessy T P J , Weir D G , D'auria D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty patients with duodenal ulcer have been treated by a pylorus-preserving gastrectomy. A functioning pyloric sphincter was maintained by retaining a 2-cm. cuff of antrum and carrying out a Billroth-I type of resection proximally. Basal acid output was reduced by 52.4 per cent and maximal acid output by 65 per cent. Gastric emptying time was prolonged, without producing stasis. A provocative test for the presence of dumping produced symptoms in only 1 patient following this operation in comparison with a high incidence of symptoms in patients who had had a Polya gastrectomy or vagotomy and drainage.
The results suggest that the procedure may be of value in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer.
Glomus tumour. A review of 15 clinical cases
Authors: Strahan J , Bailie H W C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fifteen cases of glomus tumour are recorded. Twelve patients presented with a solitary limb lesion. One patient had a glomus arising in a pilonidal sinus. Two members of one family had multiple lesions.
Complete surgical removal is curative, and malignancy is not a hazard. It is important to make a preoperative diagnosis, so that at operation a capsule can be looked for carefully. If no capsule is found an en bloc excision is imperative.
It is suggested that pain may sometimes be initiated by trauma, by thrombosis, or by the vascular congestion associated with menstruation and pregnancy.
A technique for detecting rejection episodes in human transplant recipients using radioactive fibrinogen
Authors: Salaman John R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Radioactive 125I-labelled human fibrinogen was given to 32 patients who had received renal transplants. In each case radioactivity was measured over the transplant and expressed as a percentage of the value recorded over the heart. Recipients that were experiencing rejection episodes had higher levels of radioactivity over their transplants when compared with patients who were free of rejection at the time. It is suggested that this technique could be of value in the diagnosis of rejection episodes, particularly in those recipients who remain oliguric after transplantation.
Abdominal wound infections and plastic wound guards
Authors: Williams J Alexander , Oates G D , Brown P P , Burden D W , McCall Jane , Hutchison A G , Lees Lorna J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A study is reported of the influence of plastic wound protectors on the incidence of wound infection in patients having abdominal operations involving the opening of the alimentary tract or biliary system.
Of 167 patients, 84 were randomly allocated to a group in which Vi-Drape wound protectors were used during the operation. In the whole series there was a low incidence of wound infection (12 per cent), but no difference was found between those who had plastic wound protectors and those who did not.
Ligation of the left renal vein in splenorenal anastomosis without impairment of renal function
Authors: Simon John S , Brown Ashley A , Ross Harvey B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper draws attention to the fact that the left renal vein or one of its major tributaries may be ligated without apparent impairment of function of the left kidney. This information has been of great value in constructing splenorenal shunts in operations for portal decompression. Other situations in which this information might be of value are suggested.
Rectal and colonic ulceration in Behçet's disease
Authors: Empey D W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two patients with Behçet's disease and involvement of the gastro-intestinal tract are described. One patient presented with rectal bleeding and perianal pain, and later developed peritonitis due to perforation of the sigmoid colon. The second patient developed rectal bleeding 4 years after the diagnosis of Behçt's disease, and examination showed this to be due to an ulcer in the anal canal. Behçet's disease should be considered as a possibility, albeit rare, in the differential diagnosis of rectal and colonic ulceration.
The value of frusemide in 110 consecutive prostatectomies
Authors: Williams C R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and ten patients undergoing open prostatectomy had an induced diuresis using frusemide. The results of this treatment are reviewed. Seventy-one patients (65 per cent) presented as emergencies with acute retention, while the remainder presented with chronic retention or prostatism. The average age was 69 years, and 25 patients (23 per cent) were aged 75 years or more. Only rarely was a patient refused operation because of confinement to bed or failing mental faculties. Blood-loss, fluid and elctrolyte balance, and postoperative urinary infection were studied in detail, and the following points are emphasized:— The average postoperative 24-hour urinary out-put was 4·5 litres, 40 per cent of which was passed in the first 3 hours when the danger of clot retention is greatest.Clot retention was eliminated as a problem, and bladder wash-outs were not necessary.The average blood replacement was 1·05 U., and the average fall in postoperative haemoglobin level was 1·1 g.The postoperative urinary infection rate was low, being 8 per cent at 1 week after operation.A low morbidity was recorded and the mortality was 0·9 per cent.
A vigorous diuresis induced by frusemide after suitable fluid loading is both effective and safe. It is a distinct advance over previous methods used.