bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodology for Determination of Hygroscopic Moisture Content of Soils
Authors: Shah PH , Singh DN 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Hygroscopic moisture content of the soil is usually determined by an air-drying method and has been related with the surface area and cation exchange capacity of the soil, by many researchers. However, as relative humidity influences the overall soil-water interaction, quantification of its impact on hygroscopic moisture content of the soil becomes mandatory. Incidentally, it has been noted that no standard methodology, which specifies determination of the soil hygroscopic moisture content exists in the literature. With this in view, laboratory investigations were carried out on soils, with entirely different properties, and by exposing them to different relative humidity and storage time. Based on the results, “optimal hygroscopic moisture content” of the soil has been defined and the methodology for its measurement has been proposed. Further, attempts were made to correlate hygroscopic moisture content of the soil with its surface area, cation exchange capacity, liquid limit, swelling potential, and electrical properties (conductivity and dielectric constant). Such correlations will be of the utmost help in predicting these properties of the soil by knowing its hygroscopic moisture content.
Comparison of Fatigue Performances of 32CrMoV13 and M50 Steels in Presence of Surface Indents
Authors: Vincent A , Nelias D , Jacq C , Robin Y , Dudragne G 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The fatigue resistance of 32CrMoV13 nitrided steel in the presence of controlled surface indents is investigated in comparison with M50 reference steel. For that purpose, rolling contact fatigue tests have been performed on a two-disk machine under pure rolling and rolling plus sliding conditions. Artificial indents are produced by using a hardness machine equipped with spherical diamond tips of different radii. The overall set of data shows better performances for 32CrMoV13 nitrided steel. The specific properties of this steel are highlighted by microstructural observations. The results are discussed in terms of endurance limit in presence of indents. The hierarchy of theoretical harmfulness thus obtained for the various indents tested in this work agrees well with that observed experimentally.
Assessing the Precision of Falling Weight Deflectometer for Field Measurements
Authors: Choubane B , Gokhale S , Mike Jackson N , Nazef A 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDeflection-based techniques are being widely used to evaluate the structural integrity and for estimating the elastic moduli of in-service pavements. These deflections can be non-destructively induced and measured using various commercially available devices. In recent years, the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) has gained worldwide acceptance among most highway agencies due to its versatility and ease of use. However, as with any testing using subject-driven, instrumented devices, the major concerns of the end usefulness of the resulting data are accuracy and precision. Although a level of uncertainty is always inherent to any measurement process, it must also be appropriately quantified or assessed. Therefore, the Florida Department of Transportation initiated the present field study to assess the level of precision of FWD measurements on flexible pavements. Deflection data were acquired using three FWD units concurrently on four different asphalt pavement sections. The precision was then addressed in terms of testing repeatability and reproducibility. In addition, the effects of buffer designs on deflection measurements were also evaluated. This paper presents a description of the testing program, data collection efforts, and subsequent analyses and findings. Precision statements for repeatability and reproducibility of field measurements were developed and are summarized herein. A generally high level of repeatability and reproducibility of the deflection measurements is demonstrated.
Effects of Available Energy and Impact Rate on Charpy Absorbed Energy in the Upper Shelf
Authors: Xu S , Bouchard R , Tyson WR 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAdvances in steelmaking technology have led to the introduction of structural steels with increased strength and toughness, to the extent that the energy absorbed by Charpy samples tested in the upper shelf region commonly approaches or exceeds the maximum available energy in conventional pendulum impact machines. In these circumstances, it becomes relevant to re-examine the validity of absorbed energy values measured in cases where the absorbed energy is a large fraction of the available energy. According to ASTM E 23 clause 10.1, “Absorbed energy values above 80 % of the scale range are inaccurate and shall be reported as approximate.” This is because “the velocity of the pendulum decreases…during fracture to the point that accurate impact energies are no longer obtained.” Although the 80 % limit has been accepted by consensus for decades, it has been challenged recently with the contention that excess capacities substantially larger than 20% are required to provide machine-independent values of impact energy. The present work was performed to test whether the amount of excess energy (i.e., the difference between available energy and absorbed energy) affects the Charpy absorbed energy in the upper shelf. Two structural steels typical of current linepipe grades have been used in the project, an experimental steel and a commercial steel, both with bainite/ferrite microstructures but with different toughnesses. Charpy samples have been tested at impact rate in pendulum and drop-weight machines. The results confirm the acceptability of absorbed energy values up to 80 % of the machine capacity, in support of the requirement stated in ASTM E 23.
Period of residence as a factor in language maintenance
Authors: Clyne Michael , Fernandez Sue 
Published: December 2005

This paper explores ‘period of residence’ as a factor in the maintenance of an immigrant language, based on the example of Hungarian in Australia. Hungarian speakers arrived in Australia from several different source countries including Hungary, Romania (Transylvania), and areas of the formers Yugoslavia (Vojvodina) and Czechoslovakia (Slovakia). The distinct waves of Hungarian speaking migrants to Australia - 1938-40; 1947-54; 1956-57; 1960s, 70s and 80s; and 1990s - reflect the close connection between sociopolitical events and immigrant source countries for speakers of Hungarian.The data for the study comprises interviews with 22 families, encompassing all vintages and source countries noted above, supplemented by two focus groups. The study demonstrates that ‘period of residence’interacts with a number of other factors, notably country of origin, reasons for migration, and the prevailing attitudes and policies towards the reception and integration of immigrants in the host country at the time. It highlights the contradictory and ambivalent effects on language maintenance of situations of multiple identity and individual responses to conflict situations.
A tribute to our teacher, Dr. Judith Hall: A child with the trait of the Earl of Shrewsbury
Authors: Stephan Mark J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract“Organized human endeavor can be lifted an order of magnitude through teaching if it is inspiring” (Editor, Am J Dis Child, 1972). The benevolent influence of Dr. Judy Hall's inspiring clinical teaching in the field of genetic syndromes and birth defects is illustrated through the eventual surgical remediation of conductive hearing loss for a 4‐year‐old girl with unusual knuckles. The fascinating history of this child's syndrome has been further explored in the descendents of the first Earl of Shrewsbury. The legends of his story and his role in the Hundred Years War were immortalized by William Shakespeare in his playHenry VI Part I, but neither Shakespeare nor historians documented that the Earl actually had abnormal finger joints. Heterozygous mutations in the human noggin gene (NOG) cause a spectrum of joint fusions, including this child's traits. On behalf of practitioners of medicine, pediatrics, clinical genetics, and dysmorphology, as well as research scientists in the many domains of genetics, thank you, Judy, for your inspiration, enthusiasm, and teaching. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analyzing the potential for ADR in estate planning instruments
Authors: Phillips John R. , Martinsen Scott K. , Dameron Matthew L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEstate planning issues don't belong in court.John R. Phillips, Scott K. Martinsen and Matthew L. Dameron, of Kansas City, Mo., analyze trusts and wills administration problems, and offer a comprehensive sample alternative dispute resolution clause that can be adapted to suit your client's needs.
Florida Supreme Court: Mediating senior judges must be retrained
Authors: Bleemer Russ , Sutter Philip 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRuss Bleemer and Philip Sutter, of New York, analyze the effects of new mediation training and disclosure rules in Florida targeted at state judges on senior status. Also, the Federal Interagency ADR Working Group releases for comment three new practice guides, with implications for anyone doing business with the government, and a followup item discussing the latest on California's arbitrator ethics standards, which are about to be revised.
Thermodynamic aspects of the bovine serum albumin adsorption onto N,N′‐ diethylaminoethyl dextran microbeads
Authors: Can Hatice Kaplan , Güner Ali 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAdsorption of proteins on solid surfaces is widely studied because of its importance in various biotechnological, medical, and technical applications, e.g., biosensor cardiovascular implants and chromatography. Adsorption thermodynamics has been studied on the microbeads of N,N′‐diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) dextran anion exchanger for bovine serum albumin at 25, 30, 35 40, and 45°C. As a result some thermodynamic parameters like Freundlich constants, thermodynamic equilibrium constant (KD), standard free energy changes (ΔGassoc), standard entropy changes (ΔSassoc), and standard enthalpy change (ΔHassoc) have been evaluated. Using the linear Van't Hoff plot, the ΔHassoc value of the system for the interaction of BSA adsorbed crosslinked DEAE dextran microbeads was determined as 12.5 kJ/mol. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Composites of poly(lactic acid) with flax fibers modified by interstitial polymerization
Authors: Shanks R. A. , Hodzic A. , Ridderhof D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNatural fiber composites were designed and optimized to achieve good mechanical properties and resistance to growth of living organisms. Composite materials were prepared from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with flax fibers, where the flax fibers had been subjected to interstitial polymerization to replace the water in the cellulose fibers. Before polymerization, the flax fibers were extracted with sodium hydroxide and acetone to remove lignin, pectin, and waxes from the cellulose. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the crystallization and melting of the composites as compared with pure PLA. The surface wetting of the fibers and morphology of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Mechanical properties were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis. The influence of the interstitial polymerization on the dynamic storage modulus was found to be significant. The composites of polymerization treated flax, with acetone washed fibers, had higher storage moduli than the unwashed fiber composites, which suggested adhesion between flax fibers, and the matrix was improved by the treatments. The composites were subjected to moist environmental conditions to test for development of mold and fungi, and the acetone washed polymerization treated flax composites were resistant to these growths. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Cyclooxygenase‐1 and Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibition of Novel 1,2‐Disubtituted Imidazoles
Authors: Handler Norbert , Jaeger Walter , Kuen‐Krismer Bea , Erker Thomas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNovel 1,2‐disubstituted imidazoles were synthesized and tested for COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition. A substituted phenyl cycle in position 1 and an alicyclic tertiary alcohol in position 2 gave COX‐1‐selective compounds with potency and selectivity depending on the different substituents.
The FedLemur project: Federated search in the real world
Authors: Avrahami Thi Truong , Yau Lawrence , Si Luo , Callan Jamie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFederated search and distributed information retrieval systems provide a single user interface for searching multiple full‐text search engines. They have been an active area of research for more than a decade, but in spite of their success as a research topic, they are still rare in operational environments. This article discusses a prototype federated search system developed for the U.S. government's FedStats Web portal, and the issues addressed in adapting research solutions to this operational environment. A series of experiments explore how well prior research results, parameter settings, and heuristics apply in the FedStats environment. The article concludes with a set of lessons learned from this technology transfer effort, including observations about search engine quality in the “real world.”
Statistical properties of bibliometric indicators: Research group indicator distributions and correlations
Authors: van Raan Anthony F.J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this article we present an empirical approach to the study of the statistical properties of bibliometric indicators on a very relevant but not simply “available” aggregation level: the research group. We focus on the distribution functions of a coherent set of indicators that are used frequently in the analysis of research performance. In this sense, the coherent set of indicators acts as a measuring instrument. Better insight into the statistical properties of a measuring instrument is necessary to enable assessment of the instrument itself. The most basic distribution in bibliometric analysis is the distribution of citations over publications, and this distribution is very skewed. Nevertheless, we clearly observe the working of the central limit theorem and find that at the level of research groups the distribution functions of the main indicators, particularly the journal‐ normalized and the field‐normalized indicators, approach normal distributions. The results of our study underline the importance of the idea of “group oeuvre,” that is, the role of sets of related publications as a unit of analysis.
Estimating the optimal radiotherapy utilization for carcinoma of the central nervous system, thyroid carcinoma, and carcinoma of unknown primary origin from evidence‐based clinical guidelines
Authors: Delaney Geoff , Jacob Susannah , Barton Michael 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this one in a series of articles, the objective was to estimate the ideal proportion of patients with cancer who should receive radiotherapy at least once during the course of their illness based on the best available evidence. This estimate should be useful in planning for future radiotherapy facilities. Optimal rates of radiotherapy for patients with central nervous system (CNS) carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, or carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP) have not been studied previously.METHODSA systematic review of evidence‐based treatment guidelines for the treatment of CNS carcinoma, CUP, and thyroid carcinoma was undertaken. An optimal radiotherapy utilization tree was constructed for each of these malignancies depicting the indications for radiotherapy at various stages of disease. The proportion of patients who had clinical attributes that indicated a possible benefit from radiotherapy was calculated by adding epidemiological data to the radiotherapy utilization tree. The optimal proportion of patients who should receive radiotherapy was then calculated using specialized decision‐analysis software. Sensitivity analyses using univariate analysis and Monte Carlo simulations were performed.RESULTSThe optimal rates of radiotherapy utilization for carcinoma of the CNS, thyroid carcinoma, and CUP were 92%, 10%, and 61%, respectively. Comparison with actual rates of utilization in South Australia, Sweden, and the U.S. suggested an under‐utilization of radiotherapy for CNS carcinoma and CUP. However, the actual rates of radiotherapy for thyroid carcinoma exceeded the optimal rate for some jurisdictions, although some data may have included radioactive iodine, which was not included in the current project.CONCLUSIONSIt was possible to estimate optimal radiotherapy utilization rates based on evidence. This methodology allowed a comparison of optimal rates with actual rates to identify areas in which improvements in the evidence‐based use of radiotherapy can be made, and it may provide valuable data for future radiotherapy service planning. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Study on the Electrochemical Behavior of Dopamine and Uric Acid at a 2‐Amino‐5‐mercapto‐[1,3,4] Triazole Self‐Assembled Monolayers Electrode
Authors: Liu Chuanyin , Lu Guanghan , Jiang Lingyan , Jiang Liping , Zhou Xiangchun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSelected from a series of structurally related heteroaromatic thiols, a newly synthesized reagent 2‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐[1,3,4] triazole (MATZ) was used to fabricate self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold electrode for the first time. The MATZ/Au SAMs was characterized by electrochemical methods and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). In 0.04 mol/L Britton–Robinson buffer solution (pH 5), the electrochemical behavior of dopamine showed a quasireversible process at the MATZ/Au SAMs with an electrode kinetic constant 0.1049 cm/s. However, the electrochemical reaction of uric acid at the SAMs electrode showed an irreversible oxidation process, the charge‐transfer kinetics of uric acid was promoted by the SAMs. By Osteryoung square‐wave voltammetry (OSWV), the simultaneous determination of dopamine and uric acid can be accomplished with an oxidation peak separation of 0.24 V, the peak current of dopamine and uric acid were linearly to its concentration in the range of 2.5×10−6–5.0×10−4 mol/L for dopamine and 1×10−6–1×10−4 mol/L for uric acid with a detection limit of 8.0×10−7 mol/L for dopamine and 7.0×10−7 mol/L for uric acid. The MATZ/Au SAMs electrode was used to detect the content of uric acid in real urine and serum sample with satisfactory results.
Effect of chemical composition on the induction of DNA damage by urban airborne particulate matter
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Castillo Maria E. , Roubicek Deborah A. , Cebrián‐García Mariano E. , De Vizcaya‐Ruíz Andrea , Sordo‐Cedeño Monserrat , Ostrosky‐Wegman Patricia 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAirborne particulate matter (PM) contains a large number of genotoxic substances capable of endangering human health. In the present study, we have investigated the ability of chemically characterized water‐soluble and organic‐soluble fractions of two particle sizes (PM2.5 and PM10) from different regions of Mexico City to induce DNA damage in a human lung epithelial cell line. We also evaluated associations between the physicochemical parameters of the PM and its genotoxicity. The airborne particulate samples were collected from four regions of the city; a HiVol air sampler was used to collect PM10 on glass fiber filters and a tapered element oscillating system coupled to an automatic cartridge collection unit was used to collect PM2.5 on teflon filters. PM mass was determined by gravimetric analysis of the filters. Filters containing PM2.5 and one section of each PM10 filter were agitated either with deionized water to extract water‐soluble compound, or with dichloromethane to prepare organic‐soluble compounds. The chemical composition of the extracts was determined by ion and gas chromatography and atomic adsorption spectroscopy. A549 human type II alveolar epithelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of the PM2.5 and PM10 extracts, and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis or the Comet assay was performed to measure DNA damage and repair. These analyses indicated that soluble transition metals and the organic‐soluble PM fractions are crucial factors in the DNA damage induced by PM. PM composition was more important than PM mass for producing gentotoxicity. The results of this study showed that the constituents of the water‐soluble PM extract are more likely to induce DNA damage than the organic compounds. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of cone and OSU calorimetric techniques to assess the flammability behaviour of fabrics used for aircraft interiors
Authors: Kandola B. K. , Horrocks A. R. , Padmore K. , Dalton Joyce , Owen Tim 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTwo test methods for measuring the heat release rate, HRR have been compared on fabric composites used for aircraft interior materials as side‐wall panels. These methods are based on the principles of direct measurement of the convective and radiant heat by thermopiles using an Ohio State University (OSU) calorimeter, and oxygen consumption using a cone calorimeter. It has been observed when tested by standard procedures, cone results at 35 kW/m2 incident heat flux do not correlate with OSU results at the same heat flux. This is because in the cone calorimeter, the sample is mounted horizontally whereas the OSU calorimetric method requires vertical sampling with exposure to a vertical radiant panel. A further difference between the two techniques is the ignition source—in the cone it is spark ignition, whereas in the OSU it is flame ignition; hence, samples in the OSU calorimeter ignite more easily compared to those in the cone under the same incident heat fluxes. However, in this paper we demonstrate that cone calorimetric exposure at 50 kW/m2 heat flux gives similar peak heat release results as the 35 kW/m2 heat flux of OSU calorimeter, but significantly different average and total heat release values over a 2 min period. The performance differences associated with these two techniques are also discussed. Moreover, the effects of structure, i.e. type of fibres used in warp/weft direction and design of fabric are also analysed with respect to heat release behaviour and their correlation discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hedging deficiency in eurodollar futures
Authors: Chance Don M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe eurodollar futures contract of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange is arguably the most successful of all futures contracts. The contract is structured such that its price does not converge to the price of the underlying eurodollar time deposit. Ignoring the daily settlement, one typically assumes that a eurodollar futures contract perfectly hedges an anticipated loan pegged to LIBOR, provided the loan rate is set at the eurodollar expiration. This article demonstrates that this hedge is not perfect, leaving a risk empirically estimated at four basis points, a seemingly small amount but considerably larger than the bid–ask spread on the futures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:189–207, 2006