bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyphosphate phosphorus in the Great Lakes
Authors: Yang Xingyu , Gao Rixuan , Huff Audrey , Katsev Sergei , Ozersky Ted , Li Jiying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolyphosphate (polyP) is important to phytoplankton ecology, but a unified view of its variability and roles in ecosystem‐scale phosphorus (P) cycling is lacking. We study polyP in the world's largest freshwater ecosystem, the Laurentian Great Lakes, covering pelagic to nearshore areas across a wide nutrient gradient. We show that polyP (average 10.99 ± 3.90 nmol L−1) constitutes 3.8–30.2% (average 18.1 ± 7.2%) of total particulate P (TPP). PolyP accumulation is higher in low‐P pelagic waters compared with more productive nearshore areas. PolyP is preferentially degraded in the water column of the Great Lakes, enhancing P recycling and relieving the nitrogen (N) : P imbalance. Our data enables a coherent large‐scale freshwater‐to‐oceanic comparison. We show that while different plankton groups accumulate different levels of polyP with smaller plankton accumulating more, P availability is the key driver of polyP variability within and across systems.
Bioinspired All‐Polyester Diblock Copolymers Made from Poly(Pentadecalactone) and Poly(3,4‐Ethylene Furanoate): Synthesis and Polymer Film Properties
Authors: Saar Julia S. , Lienkamp Karen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBio‐based, fully degradable aliphatic‐aromatic block copolymers are synthesized from ω‐pentadecalatone and cyclic oligo(3,4‐ethylene furanoate). In the first approach, the ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic oligo(3,4‐ethylene furanoate) is initiated by a poly(pentadecalactone) macroinitiator with a terminal hydroxy group. The reaction temperatures of the melt polymerization are 210–230 °C due to the high melting points of the oligo(3,4‐ethylene furanoate). Under these conditions, transesterification is observed. The blockiness of the reaction products depends on the reaction temperature and on the ratio of pentadecalactone to 3,4‐ethylene furanoate repeat units, which is 50:50, 80:20, and 90:10. At lower temperatures and more pentadecalactone content, the blockiness is larger. The number average molar mass of the block copolymers remains smaller than 20 000 g mol−1. In the second approach, poly(pentadecalactone) is functionalized with an alkyne group, and the OH group of the oligo(3,4‐ethylene furanoate) (molar mass 1900 g mol−1) is converted into an azide group. Connecting the two polymers in a copper‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar addition reaction (“click reaction”) yields block copolymers with a number average molar mass of 12 400 g mol−1. The mechanical properties of the polymer films are intermediate between those of the parent homopolymers.
Powerful Protein Nanoreservoirs Based on Stellate Mesoporous Silica Embedded in Composite Hydrogels: From Burst Release to Retention
Authors: Bizeau Joëlle , Rabineau Morgane , Buisson Julie , Lucante Théo , Leuvrey Cédric , Parkhomenko Ksenia , Lavalle Philippe , Mertz Damien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the biomaterials field, one major issue with hydrogels (HGs) loaded with active therapeutics is the spontaneous leaking of the cargo occurring rapidly, usually over several hours. However, biological processes involved in regenerative medicine would require to have a sustained drug delivery lasting over weeks/months or be triggered only when a specific biochemical stimulus (enzymatic, cellular, or antimicrobial) is applied. In this work, this challenge is addressed by demonstrating that the spontaneous protein release from an agarose HG (used as model HG) can be partially or totally blocked by the incorporation of stellate mesoporous silica (STMS) nanoparticles (NPs, ≈150 ± 28 nm size, 15 nm pore) within the HG. It is shown here that the porous silica NPs act as sub‐micrometer size reservoirs ensuring precise level retention simply by playing on the amount of STMS embedded in the HG. Further, this effect is shown for various proteins demonstrating the versatility of this concept.
Real and In Silico Microgels Show Comparable Bulk Moduli Below and Above the Volume Phase Transition
Authors: Höfken Tom , Gasser Urs , Schneider Stefanie , Petrunin Alexander V. , Scotti Andrea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe compressibility of soft colloids influences their phase behavior and flow properties, especially in concentrated suspensions. Particle compressibility, which is proportional to the reciprocal of the bulk modulus K, is a key parameter for soft polymer‐based particles that can be compressed in crowded environments. Here, microgels with different degrees of cross‐linking, i.e., softness, are investigated below and above their volume phase transition temperature (VPTT). By combining molecular dynamics simulations with small‐angle neutron scattering with contrast variation, a change in the particle bulk moduli of two orders of magnitude is observed. The degree of cross‐linking has a significant impact on the bulk modulus of the swollen microgel, while above the VPTT the values of K are almost independent of the cross‐linking density. The excellent agreement between experimental results and simulations also highlight that the model microgels from computer simulations possess both the internal architecture and the elastic properties of real polymeric networks. This paves the way to a systematic use of simulations to investigate the behavior of dense microgel suspensions below and above their VPTT.
Quantitative Structure‐Property Relations for Polyester Materials via Statistical Learning
Authors: McCoy Stephen , Ojedeji Damilola , Abolins Brendan , Brown Cameron , Doxastakis Manolis , Sgouralis Ioannis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStatistical learning is employed to present a principled framework for the establishment of quantitative structure‐property relationships (QSPR). Property predictions of industrial polymers formed by multiple reagents and at varying molecular weights are focused. A theoretical description of QSPR as well as a rigorous mathematical method is developed for the assimilation of experimental data. Results show that these methods can perform exceptionally well at establishing QSPR for glass transition temperature and intrinsic viscosity of polyesters.
3D Kinematics Quantifies Gait Response to Levodopa earlier and to a more Comprehensive Extent than the MDS‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale in Patients with Motor Complications
Authors: Barbosa Raquel , Mendonça Marcelo , Bastos Paulo , Pita Lobo Patrícia , Valadas Anabela , Correia Guedes Leonor , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Rosa Mário Miguel , Matias Ricardo , Coelho Miguel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative 3D movement analysis using inertial measurement units (IMUs) allows for a more detailed characterization of motor patterns than clinical assessment alone. It is essential to discriminate between gait features that are responsive or unresponsive to current therapies to better understand the underlying pathophysiological basis and identify potential therapeutic strategies.ObjectivesThis study aims to characterize the responsiveness and temporal evolution of different gait subcomponents in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in their OFF and various ON states following levodopa administration, utilizing both wearable sensors and the gold‐standard MDS‐UPDRS motor part III.MethodsSeventeen PD patients were assessed while wearing a full‐body set of 15 IMUs in their OFF state and at 20‐minute intervals following the administration of a supra‐threshold levodopa dose. Gait was reconstructed using a biomechanical model of the human body to quantify how each feature was modulated. Comparisons with non‐PD control subjects were conducted in parallel.ResultsSignificant motor changes were observed in both the upper and lower limbs according to the MDS‐UPDRS III, 40 minutes after levodopa intake. IMU‐assisted 3D kinematics detected significant motor alterations as early as 20 minutes after levodopa administration, particularly in upper limbs metrics. Although all “pace‐domain” gait features showed significant improvement in the Best‐ON state, most rhythmicity, asymmetry, and variability features did not.ConclusionIMUs are capable of detecting motor alterations earlier and in a more comprehensive manner than the MDS‐UPDRS III. The upper limbs respond more rapidly to levodopa, possibly reflecting distinct thresholds to levodopa across striatal regions.
Manufacturer encroachment under distributional fairness concerns
Authors: Luo Yuanyuan , Sun Xiaojie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDominant retailers' squeeze results in very low profits for manufacturers in the traditional reselling channel, which raises manufacturers' significant concerns about profit fairness. This paper studies the manufacturer's encroachment strategy under fairness concerns by virtue of a game‐theoretical model, in which a manufacturer sells its products to a dominant retailer who resells them to consumers in the traditional reselling channel. Besides, the manufacturer can sell its products through a direct channel, i.e., manufacturer encroachment. The equilibrium solutions and profits under different scenarios are derived to check the interplay between fairness concerns and manufacturer encroachment. Some interesting results are obtained. First, fairness concerns can reduce the motivation of the manufacturer to encroach the market. Second, manufacturer encroachment always harms the retailer in the absence of fairness concerns, while it can benefit the retailer in the presence of fairness concerns. Third, the manufacturer's profit always decreases with the direct selling cost in the case without fairness concerns, while it may increase in the case with fairness concerns. These results obtained are robust when the decision timing or fairness concerns model is changed.
GPNMB Biomarker Levels in GBA1 Carriers with Lewy Body Disorders
Authors: Brody Eliza M. , Seo Yunji , Suh EunRan , Amari Noor , Hartstone Whitney G. , Skrinak R. Tyler , Zhang Hanwen , Diaz‐Ortiz Maria E. , Weintraub Daniel , Tropea Thomas F. , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe GPNMB single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs199347 and GBA1 variants both associate with Lewy body disorder (LBD) risk. GPNMB encodes glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a biomarker for GBA1‐associated Gaucher's disease.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether GPNMB levels (1) differ in LBD with and without GBA1 variants and (2) associate with rs199347 genotype.MethodsWe quantified GPNMB levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 124 individuals with LBD with one GBA1 variant (121 plasma, 14 CSF), 631 individuals with LBD without GBA1 variants (626 plasma, 41 CSF), 9 neurologically normal individuals with one GBA1 variant (plasma), and 2 individuals with two GBA1 variants (plasma). We tested for associations between GPNMB levels and rs199347 or GBA1 status.ResultsGPNMB levels associate with rs199347 genotype in plasma (P = 0.022) and CSF (P = 0.007), but not with GBA1 status.Conclusionsrs199347 is a protein quantitative trait locus for GPNMB. GPNMB levels are unaltered in individuals carrying one GBA1 variant. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Galectin‐8 inhibition and functions in immune response and tumor biology
Authors: Purić Edvin , Nilsson Ulf J. , Anderluh Marko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGalectins are among organisms' most abundantly expressed lectins (carbohydrate‐binding proteins) that specifically bind β‐galactosides. They act not only outside the cell, where they bind to extracellular matrix glycans, but also inside the cell, where they have a significant impact on signaling pathways. Galectin‐8 is a galectin family protein encoded by the LGALS8 gene. Its role is evident in both T‐ and B‐cell immunity and in the innate immune response, where it acts directly on dendritic cells and induces some pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Galectin‐8 also plays an important role in the defense against bacterial and viral infections. It is known to promote antibacterial autophagy by recognizing and binding glycans present on the vacuolar membrane, thus acting as a danger receptor. The most important role of galectin‐8 is the regulation of cancer growth, metastasis, tumor progression, and tumor cell survival. Importantly, the expression of galectins is typically higher in tumor tissues than in noncancerous tissues. In this review article, we focus on galectin‐8 and its function in immune response, microbial infections, and cancer. Given all of these functions of galectin‐8, we emphasize the importance of developing new and selective galectin‐8 inhibitors and report the current status of their development.
Genotype and phenotype in patients with ACAN gene variants: Three cases and literature review
Authors: Tang Wei , Wu Ke‐Mi , Zhou Qiong , Tang Yan‐Fei , Fu Jun‐Fen , Dong Guan‐Ping , Zou Chao‐Chun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the phenotype spectrum, diagnosis, and response to growth‐promoting therapy in patients with ACAN variants causing familial short stature.MethodsThree families with ACAN variants causing short stature were reported. Similar cases in the literature were summarized, and the genotype and phenotype were analyzed.ResultsThree novel heterozygous variants, c.757+1G>A, (splicing), c.6229delG, p.(Asp2078Tfs*1), and c.6679C>T, p.(Gln2227*) in the ACAN gene were identified. A total of 314 individuals with heterozygous variants from 105 families and 8 individuals with homozygous variants from 4 families were confirmed to have ACAN variants from literature and our 3 cases. Including our 3 cases, the variants reported comprised 33 frameshift, 39 missense, 23 nonsense, 5 splicing, 4 deletion, and 1 translocation variants. Variation points are scattered throughout the gene, while exons 12, 15, and 10 were most common (25/105, 11/105, and 10/105, respectively). Some identical variants existing in different families could be hot variants, c.532A>T, p.(Asn178Tyr), c.1411C>T, p.(Gln471*), c.1608C>A, p.(Tyr536*), c.2026+1G>A, (splicing), and c.7276G>T, p.(Glu2426*). Short stature, early‐onset osteoarthritis, brachydactyly, midfacial hypoplasia, and early growth cessation were the common phenotypic features. The 48 children who received rhGH (and GnRHa) treatment had a significant height improvement compared with before (−2.18 ± 1.06 SD vs. −2.69 ± 0.95 SD, p < 0.001). The heights of children who received rhGH (and GnRHa) treatment were significantly improved compared with those of untreated adults (−2.20 ± 1.10 SD vs. −3.24 ± 1.14 SD, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study achieves a new understanding of the phenotypic spectrum, diagnosis, and management of individuals with ACAN variants. No clear genotype–phenotype relationship of patients with ACAN variants was found. Gene sequencing is necessary to diagnose ACAN variants that cause short stature. In general, appropriate rhGH and/or GnRHa therapy can improve the adult height of affected pediatric patients caused by ACAN variants.
Normalized frequency for noncircular dielectric waveguides
Authors: Teh Chin Hui , Kumar Deepak , Thiagarajah Siva Priya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper points out that the commonly used normalized frequency for noncircular dielectric waveguides, which is based on the semiminor axis, causes the cross‐sectional area to vary with the cross‐sectional shape. Consequently, the shape effects described with the conventional normalized frequency are not due to the shape alone but the combined effects of the shape and area. Our numerical results show that the area effect is greater than the shape effect. An improved definition of normalized frequency based on an equivalent radius is proposed in this paper. Conversion formulas to convert from the conventional normalized frequency to the proposed normalized frequency are provided for elliptical and rectangular waveguides. Our numerical results show that the shape effects described by the proposed normalized frequency are free from the area effect. Consequently, the proposed normalized frequency is more accurate than the conventional normalized frequency in describing the shape effect of noncircular dielectric waveguides.
A 315–345 GHz quad‐port balanced tripler with inherent suppressions on even‐order harmonics using discrete Schottky diodes
Authors: Li Ruoxue , Yang Hao , Zhou Ren , He Yue , Huang Kun , Jiang Jun , Tian Yaoling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA high‐efficiency frequency tripler operating up to 330 GHz is developed based on a novel quad‐port balanced configuration. The proposed circuit could inhibit the even‐order harmonics with great idler loops, leaving out the lossy capacitors required in conventional triplers. Meanwhile, this topology employs two pairs of discrete Schottky diodes, which could increase the power‐handling capability by a factor of 2. In this way, a 330 GHz balanced tripler is implemented with four discrete Schottky diodes mounted on a 30‐μm‐thick quartz substrate. At room temperature, the implemented tripler module features a peak output power of 41.1 mW (@321.4 GHz) and a peak efficiency of 12.4%.
Sub‐sampled adaptive trust region method on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Zhao Shimin , Yan Tao , Zhu Yuanguo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider the problem of large‐scale finite‐sum minimization on Riemannian manifold. We develop a sub‐sampled adaptive trust region method on Riemannian manifolds. Based on inexact information, we adopt adaptive techniques to flexibly adjust the trust region radius in our method. We present the iteration complexity is when the algorithm attains an ‐second‐order stationary point, which matches the result on trust region method. Numerical results for PCA on Grassmann manifold and low‐rank matrix completion are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Riemannian method.
Reporting of Complications in Rhinoplasty Randomized Controlled Trials: An Analysis Using the CONSORT Extension for Harms Checklist
Authors: Hemmerich Christian , Corcoran Adam , Johnson Austin L. , Wilson Andrew , Orris Olivia , Arellanes Russell , Vassar Matt 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the completeness of adverse event (AE) reporting in randomized control trials (RCTs) focused on rhinoplasty, using the Consolidated Standards for Reporting (CONSORT) Extension for Harms checklist.Study DesignA cross‐sectional design was employed to review RCTs related to rhinoplasty published between January 1, 2005, and January 28, 2022.SettingThe study analyzed clinical trials on rhinoplasty retrieved from PubMed.MethodsWe performed a comprehension search on PubMed, blind and duplicate screening, and data extraction. Adherence to the 18 recommendations of the CONSORT Extension for Harms was evaluated, with 1 point assigned for each adhered item. Percent adherence was calculated based on the 18 points, taking into account the multiple subcategories within some recommendations. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize adherence—including frequencies, percentages, and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsOur search returned 240 articles, of which 56 met inclusion criteria. No RCTs adhered to all 18 CONSORT Extension for Harms items. Twenty‐six (26/56, 46.4%) adhered to ≥50% of the items, and 30 (30/56, 53.6%) adhered to ≥33.3% of the items. Seven (7/56, 12.5%) RCTs adhered to no items. Across all RCTs, the average number of CONSORT‐Harms items adhered to was 7.2 (7.2/18, 40.0%). The most adhered to item was item 10. Discussion balanced with regard to efficacy and AEs (80.4%, [70.0‐90.8]).ConclusionThis study highlights the inadequacy of AE reporting in rhinoplasty RCTs according to CONSORT‐Harms guidelines. Urgent efforts are required to bridge this reporting gap and enhance transparency in surgical research, ultimately safeguarding patient well‐being.
Association Between Soft Tissue Measures From Computed Tomography and Upper Airway Collapsibility on Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Thuler Eric R. , Parekh Manan H. , Rodin Jules G. , Seay Everett G. , Wiemken Andrew , Keenan Brendan T. , Schwab Richard J. , Schwartz Alan R. , Dedhia Raj C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivePositive airway pressure (PAP) titration during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) provides objective measures of upper airway collapsibility. While skeletal measurements relate to collapsibility measures on DISE, the influence of soft tissue dimensions on upper airway collapsibility is not known. We analyzed the relationship of measures of upper airway soft tissue volumes, specifically soft palate, pharyngeal lateral walls, and tongue, with metrics of collapsibility.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis from a prospective cohort.SettingAcademic medical center.MethodsPatients seeking PAP alternative therapies for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) underwent standardized supine computed tomography (CT) acquisition and DISE protocols. The CT analysis primarily focused on soft tissue volumes and, secondarily, on airway and skeletal volumetric measures. DISE with PAP administration (DISE‐PAP) enabled the determination of the pressure at which inspiratory airflow first commenced (pharyngeal critical pressure, PcritA) and the pressure at which inspiratory flow limitation was abolished (pharyngeal opening pressure, PhOP). Both unadjusted and adjusted correlation analyses were performed to understand the relationship between upper airway anatomy and either PcritA or PhOP.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐nine subjects completed both CT and DISE‐PAP. On average, patients were male (70.5%), white (84.2%), middle‐aged (56.6 ± 13.5 years), and overweight (29.6 ± 4.7 kg/m2), with moderate‐severe apnea‐hypopnea index (29.7 ± 21.3 events/h). Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and skeletal volumes, soft palate, and lateral pharyngeal wall volumes were not associated with PhOP or PcritA, but a larger tongue was associated with more positive PhOP (⍴ = 0.20, P = .02), and more positive PcritA (⍴ = 0.16, P = .07). Exploratory analyses revealed smaller minimum cross‐sectional retropalatal area and intramandibular volume were also associated with increased collapsibility measures.ConclusionAfter controlling for clinical factors and skeletal volume, greater tongue volume was associated with more severe collapsibility during DISE. These results, in concert with previous work, suggest that greater tongue volume in a smaller skeletal dimensions contribute to the severity of airway collapsibility, a key driver of OSA pathogenesis.