bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytoid bodies in cutaneous direct immunofluorescence examination
Authors: Wu Yu‐Hung , Lin Yang‐Chih 
Published: November 2006

Background:  The clinical significance of scattered or grouped cytoid bodies seen on direct immunofluorescence (DIF) examination has not been systematically analyzed in a variety of disorders.Methods:  We prospectively studied skin biopsy specimens obtained from July 2002 to December 2005 for which DIF examination using immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, IgM, C3 and fibrinogen had been performed. Slides with cytoid bodies were further reviewed to assess the number, intensity and location of the cytoid bodies and for other specific findings. These data were compared with both clinical records in the medical charts and pathologic findings from concurrent skin biopsies.Results:  Of 1080 DIF examinations performed during the study period, 117 (10.8%) had cytoid bodies. These specimens were from patients with 28 different cutaneous disorders, the most common of which were various forms of lupus erythematosus (29/117, 24.8%) and erythema multiforme (22/117, 18.8%). In 81 (69.2%) of these specimens, interface dermatitis was found histopathologically.Conclusion:  Cytoid bodies are not infrequent on DIF examination and, in the absence of a clear diagnosis, might point toward several common disorders, particularly those involving interface dermatitis.
The Fugu tyrp1 promoter directs specific GFP expression in zebrafish: tools to study the RPE and the neural crest‐derived melanophores
Authors: Zou Jian , Beermann Friedrich , Wang Jianxin , Kawakami Koichi , Wei Xiangyun 
Published: November 2006

SummaryIn vertebrates, pigment cells account for a small percentage of the total cell population and they intermingle with other cell types. This makes it difficult to isolate them for analyzes of their functions in the context of development. To alleviate such difficulty, we generated two stable transgenic zebrafish lines (pt101 and pt102) that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in melanophores under the control of the 1 kb Fugu tyrp1 promoter. In pt101, GFP is expressed in both retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and the neural crest‐derived melanophores (NCDM), whereas in pt102, GFP is predominately expressed in the NCDM. Our results indicate that the Fugu tyrp1 promoter can direct transgene expression in a cell‐type‐specific manner in zebrafish. In addition, our findings provide evidence supporting differential regulations of melanin‐synthesizing genes in RPE cells and the NCDM in zebrafish. Utilizing the varying GFP expression levels in these fish, we have isolated melanophores via flow cytometry and revealed the capability of sorting the NCDM from RPE cells as well. Thus, these transgenic lines are useful tools to study melanophores in zebrafish.
Consumer Demand and Cost Factors Shape the Global Trade Network in Commodity and Manufactured Foods
Authors: Vollrath Thomas L. , Hallahan Charles B. , Gehlhar Mark J. 
Published: November 2006

Multiple forces operate throughout the global economy and influence the direction, composition, and volume of agri‐food trade. The fundamental determinants that impede and foster bilateral trade in two food types, namely staple commodities and manufactured products, are identified using generalized gravity equations. Empirical evidence verified the importance of relative resource endowments and similarities in the structure of partner demand. Other socio‐geo‐political factors were also found to influence food trade, including the ability of governments to control corruption and curtail disequilibrium in financial markets. L'économie mondiale est soumise à des forces multiples qui influencent l'orientation, la composition et le volume du commerce agroalimentaire. Les principaux facteurs qui entravent et favorisent le commerce bilatéral de deux types d'aliments, à savoir les matières de base et les produits manufacturés, ont été déterminés à l'aide d'équations de gravité généralisées. L'évidence empirique a vérifié l'importance des dotations relatives en ressources et des similarités dans la structure de la demande d'un partenaire commercial. D'autres facteurs sociaux et géopolitiques, y compris la capacité des gouvernements à combattre la corruption et à réduire le déséquilibre sur les marchés des capitaux, influenceraient aussi le commerce alimentaire.
Can Country‐of‐Origin Labeling Succeed as a Marketing Tool for Produce? Lessons from Three Case Studies
Authors: Carter Colin , Krissoff Barry , Zwane Alix Peterson 
Published: November 2006

This paper draws on the theory of product differentiation in a trade context and uses three case studies to highlight the conditions necessary for a successful geographical‐origin branding strategy for farm produce in the United States. In so doing, the U.S. country‐of‐origin labeling (COOL) scheme as a branding strategy for produce is assessed. The paper argues that the use of geographic identifiers to achieve product differentiation is viable, but any claim that such differentiation will prove useful at the country level for farm produce seems likely to be misplaced. In order to raise prices, a key complement to branding is some restriction on the volume of product going out under the brand name. These restrictions may be accomplished by supply controls, quality controls, or entry barriers, but will not be available to all U.S. products currently hoping to gain from mandatory COOL. Le présent article s'appuie sur la théorie de la différenciation des produits dans un contexte commercial et utilise trois études de cas pour faire ressortir les conditions nécessaires pour réussir une stratégie de la marque distinctive selon l'origine géographique des produits agricoles aux États‐Unis. Nous avons examiné le programme états‐unien d'étiquetage du pays d'origine (COOL) comme stratégie de la marque distinctive. Le présent article soutient que l'utilisation d'identificateurs géographiques pour différencier les produits est viable, mais toute allégation voulant que ce genre de différenciation se révèle utile à l'échelle nationale pour les produits agricoles semble inappropriée. Pour hausser les prix, il faudrait, en plus d'utiliser la marque distinctive, imposer certaines restrictions quant au volume de produits emballés sous la marque du fabricant. Ces restrictions peuvent être imposées par le contrôle des approvisionnements, le contrôle de la qualité ou la mise en place de barrières à l'entrée, mais elles ne pourront toucher tous les produits états‐uniens qui espèrent actuellement tirer un gain du programme COOL obligatoire.
DECOMPOSITION OF GEOMETRIC CONSTRAINT SYSTEMS: A SURVEY
Authors: JERMANN CHRISTOPHE , TROMBETTONI GILLES , NEVEU BERTRAND , MATHIS PASCAL 
Published: November 2006

Significant progress has been accomplished during the past decades about geometric constraint solving, in particular thanks to its applications in industrial fields like CAD and robotics. In order to tackle problems of industrial size, many solving methods use, as a preprocessing, decomposition techniques that transform a large geometric constraint system into a set of smaller ones. In this paper, we propose a survey of the decomposition techniques for geometric constraint problems . We classify them into four categories according to their modus operandi, establishing some similarities between methods that are traditionally separated. We summarize the advantages and limitations of the different approaches, and point out key issues for meeting industrial requirements such as generality and reliability.
WELL-FORMED SYSTEMS OF POINT INCIDENCES FOR RESOLVING COLLECTIONS OF RIGID BODIES
Authors: SITHARAM MEERA 
Published: November 2006

For tractability, many modern geometric constraint solvers recursively decompose an input geometric constraint system into standard collections of smaller, generically rigid subsystems or clusters. These are recursively solved and their solutions or realizations are recombined to give the solution or realization of the input constraint system. Even for generically wellconstrained systems in 3D, and even when the shared objects between clusters in the decomposition are restricted to be points, it is a significant hurdle to find a wellformed system of shared object incidences that recombines a cluster decomposition. By wellformed we mean that the recombination system generically preserves the classification of the original, undecomposed system as a well, under or overconstrained system. Here we motivate, formally state and give an efficient, greedy algorithm to find such a wellformed system for a general constraint system, when the shared objects in the cluster decomposition are restricted to be points. Our solution relies on an interesting new matroid structure underlying collections of rigid clusters with shared points.
Flat Dosing of Carboplatin Is Justified in Adult Patients with Normal Renal Function
Authors: Ekhart Corine , de Jonge Milly E. , Huitema Alwin D.R. , Schellens Jan H.M. , Rodenhuis Sjoerd , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: The Calvert formula is a widely applied algorithm for the a priori dosing of carboplatin based on patients glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as accurately measured using the 51Cr-EDTA clearance. Substitution of the GFR in this formula by an estimate of creatinine clearance or GFR as calculated by formulae using serum creatinine (SCR; Cockcroft-Gault, Jelliffe, and Wright) is, however, routine clinical practice in many hospitals. The goal of this study was to validate this practice retrospectively in a large heterogeneous adult patient population.
Experimental Design: Concentration-time data of ultrafilterable platinum of 178 patients (280 courses, 3,119 samples) with different types of cancer receiving carboplatin-based chemotherapy in conventional and high doses were available. Data were described with a linear two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model. Relations between SCR-based formulae for estimating renal function and carboplatin clearance were investigated.
Results: None of the tested SCR-based estimates of renal function were relevantly related to the pharmacokinetic variables of carboplatin. Neither SCR (median, 51; range, 18-124 μmol/L) nor the estimated GFR using the three different formulae was related to carboplatin clearance.
Conclusions: Our data do not support the application of modifications of the Calvert formula by estimating GFR from SCR in the a priori dosing of carboplatin in patients with relatively normal renal function (creatinine clearance, &gt;50 mL/min). For targeted carboplatin exposures, the original Calvert formula, measuring GFR using the 51Cr-EDTA clearance, remains the method of choice. Alternatively, in patients with normal renal function, a flat dose based on the mean population carboplatin clearance should be administered.
Antileukemic Activity of Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase-β Inhibitor CT32228 in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Sensitive and Resistant to Imatinib
Authors: La Rosée Paul , Jia Taiping , Demehri Shadmer , Härtel Nicolai , de Vries Peter , Bonham Lynn , Hollenback David , Singer Jack W. , Melo Junia V. , Druker Brian J. , Deininger Michael W. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT)-β catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidic acid to phosphatidic acid, an essential component of several signaling pathways, including the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Inhibition of LPAAT-β induces growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cell lines, implicating LPAAT-β as a potential drug target in neoplasia.
Experimental Design: In this study, we investigated the effects of CT32228, a specific LPAAT-β inhibitor, on BCR-ABL-transformed cell lines and primary cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Results: CT32228 had antiproliferative activity against BCR-ABL-positive cell lines in the nanomolar dose range, evidenced by cell cycle arrest in G2-M and induction of apoptosis. Treatment of K562 cells with CT32228 led to inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, consistent with inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Importantly, CT32228 was highly active in cell lines resistant to the Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor imatinib. Combination of CT32228 with imatinib produced additive inhibition of proliferation in cell lines with residual sensitivity toward imatinib. In short-term cultures in the absence of growth factors, CT32228 preferentially inhibited the growth of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients compared with healthy controls.
Conclusion: These data establish LPAAT-β as a potential drug target for the treatment of BCR-ABL-positive leukemias.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Is Highly Expressed in Pancreatic Cancer and Is Associated With Shorter Overall Survival Times
Authors: Kristiansen Glen , Jacob Juliane , Buckendahl Ann-Christin , Grützmann Robert , Alldinger Ingo , Sipos Bence , Klöppel Günter , Bahra Marcus , Langrehr Jan M. , Neuhaus Peter , Dietel Manfred , Pilarsky Christian 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that has been implicated in carcinogenesis and progression of various solid tumors, including pancreatic carcinoma. We aimed to clarify the expression patterns of PPARγ in pancreatic ductal carcinomas and to correlate these to clinicopathologic variables, including patient survival.
Experimental Design: Array-based expression profiling of 19 microdissected carcinomas and 14 normal ductal epithelia was conducted. Additionally, Western blots of pancreatic cancer cell lines and paraffinized tissue of 129 pancreatic carcinomas were immunostained for PPARγ. For statistical analysis, Fisher's exact test, χ2 test for trends, correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox's regression were applied.
Results: Expression profiles showed a strong overexpression of PPARγ mRNA (change fold, 6.9; P = 0.04). Immunohistochemically, PPARγ expression was seen in 71.3% of pancreatic cancer cases. PPARγ expression correlated positively to higher pT stages and higher tumor grade. Survival analysis showed a significant prognostic value for PPARγ, which was found to be independent in the clinically important subgroup of node-negative tumors.
Conclusions: PPARγ is commonly up-regulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and might be a prognostic marker in this disease. Both findings corroborate the importance of PPARγ in tumor progression of pancreatic cancer.
Identification of the Decay-Accelerating Factor CD55 as a Peanut Agglutinin–Binding Protein and Its Alteration in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers
Authors: Higuchi Mitsunori , Endo Yuichi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Osuka Fumihiko , Shio Yutaka , Fujiu Koichi , Kanno Ryuzo , Oishi Akio , Fujita Teizo , Gotoh Mitsukazu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPurpose: Peanut agglutinin (PNA) recognizes tumor-associated carbohydrates. In this study, we aimed to identify the core protein harboring PNA-binding sugars in the human lung and to explore the relationship with the pathology of primary non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC).Experimental Design: PNA lectin blotting was used to detect PNA-binding proteins in the microsomal fraction of lung tissue from 24 patients with NSCLC. The 55- to 65-kDa core peptide PNA-binding protein was characterized by enzymatic treatment and identified by immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography. The expression level and increase in size of the 55- to 65-kDa PNA-binding protein/decay-accelerating factor (DAF) were compared between normal and tumor regions of the tumor tissue by Western blotting and quantitative PCR.Results: The 55- to 65-kDa PNA-binding protein was observed in human lung. This was a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein carrying O-linked carbohydrates. This core protein was identified as DAF, one of the complementary regulatory proteins. DAF was enlarged to 65 to 75 kDa in NSCLC tumor lesions due to sialylation in the sugar moiety. At the transcription level, DAF levels were significantly lower in tumor regions, suggesting its down-regulation in NSCLC cells.Conclusions: DAF was identified as a new PNA-binding protein in the human lung. The down-regulation and heavy sialylation of DAF was associated with pathology in NSCLC, and these alterations make this protein a potential marker for NSCLC.
Effect of Chemotherapy on Skeletal Health in Male Survivors from Testicular Cancer and Lymphoma
Authors: Brown Janet E. , Ellis Sue P. , Silcocks Paul , Blumsohn Aubrey , Gutcher Sandra A. , Radstone Clare , Hancock Barry W. , Hatton Matthew Q. , Coleman Robert E. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: There are concerns over the late effects of cancer therapy, including accelerated bone loss leading to increased risk of osteoporosis. Treatment-related bone loss is well recognized in breast and prostate cancer, due to overt hypogonadism, but there has been little evaluation of the skeletal effects of chemotherapy alone in adults. This study assesses the extent of bone loss due to previous chemotherapy in men.
Experimental Design: The bone mineral density (BMD) of men who had received previously chemotherapy with curative intent for lymphoma or testicular cancers was compared with that of an age-matched population of men from a cancer control population that had not received chemotherapy. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray scanning. Additionally, measurement of sex hormones and the bone turnover markers N-telopeptide fragment of type I collagen and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were done. All statistical tests were two sided.
Results: One hundred fifteen chemotherapy-treated patients and 102 cancer controls were recruited. There was no statistical difference in BMD between the chemotherapy and control groups at either spine or hip and the mean BMD values in both groups were no lower than that of a reference population. There were no significant differences in estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone, but follicle-stimulating hormone values were significantly higher in the chemotherapy group (P = 0.011). The mean values of NH2-terminal telopeptide fragment of type I collagen and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were within the reference ranges.
Conclusions: The absence of accelerated bone loss following chemotherapy is reassuring and suggests that standard dose cytotoxic chemotherapy has no lasting clinically important direct effects on bone metabolism.
Classification of Breast Cancer Using Genetic Algorithms and Tissue Microarrays
Authors: Dolled-Filhart Marisa , Rydén Lisa , Cregger Melissa , Jirström Karin , Harigopal Malini , Camp Robert L. , Rimm David L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPurpose: A multitude of breast cancer mRNA profiling studies has stratified breast cancer and defined gene sets that correlate with outcome. However, the number of genes used to predict patient outcome or define tumor subtypes by RNA expression studies is variable, nonoverlapping, and generally requires specialized technologies that are beyond those used in the routine pathology laboratory. It would be ideal if the familiarity and streamlined nature of immunohistochemistry could be combined with the rigorously quantitative and highly specific properties of nucleic acid–based analysis to predict patient outcome.Experimental Design: We have used AQUA-based objective quantitative analysis of tissue microarrays toward the goal of discovery of a minimal number of markers with maximal prognostic or predictive value that can be applied to the conventional formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue section.Results: The minimal discovered multiplexed set of tissue biomarkers was GATA3, NAT1, and estrogen receptor. Genetic algorithms were then applied after division of our cohort into a training set of 223 breast cancer patients to discover a prospectively applicable solution that can define a subset of patients with 5-year survival of 96%. This algorithm was then validated on an internal validation set (n = 223, 5-year survival = 95.8%) and further validated on an independent cohort from Sweden, which showed 5-year survival of 92.7% (n = 149).Conclusions: With further validation, this test has both the familiarity and specificity for widespread use in management of breast cancer. More generally, this work illustrates the potential for multiplexed biomarker discovery on the tissue microarray platform.
Novel D761Y and Common Secondary T790M Mutations in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutant Lung Adenocarcinomas with Acquired Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Balak Marissa N. , Gong Yixuan , Riely Gregory J. , Somwar Romel , Li Allan R. , Zakowski Maureen F. , Chiang Anne , Yang Guangli , Ouerfelli Ouathek , Kris Mark G. , Ladanyi Marc , Miller Vincent A. , Pao William 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: In patients whose lung adenocarcinomas harbor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domain mutations, acquired resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva) has been associated with a second-site EGFR mutation, which leads to substitution of methionine for threonine at position 790 (T790M). We aimed to elucidate the frequency and nature of secondary EGFR mutations in patients with acquired resistance to TKI monotherapy.
Experimental Design: Tumor cells from patients with acquired resistance were examined for secondary EGFR kinase domain mutations by molecular analyses.
Results: Eight of 16 patients (50% observed rate; 95% confidence interval, 25-75%) had tumor cells with second-site EGFR mutations. Seven mutations were T790M and one was a novel D761Y mutation found in a brain metastasis. When combined with a drug-sensitive L858R mutation, the D761Y mutation modestly reduced the sensitivity of mutant EGFR to TKIs in both surrogate kinase and cell viability assays. In an autopsy case, the T790M mutation was found in multiple visceral metastases but not in a brain lesion.
Conclusions: The T790M mutation is common in patients with acquired resistance. The limited spectrum of TKI-resistant mutations in EGFR, which binds to erlotinib in the active conformation, contrasts with a wider range of second-site mutations seen with acquired resistance to imatinib, which binds to ABL and KIT, respectively, in closed conformations. Collectively, our data suggest that the type and nature of kinase inhibitor resistance mutations may be influenced by both anatomic site and mode of binding to the kinase target.
Saving History? Egyptian Hagiography in Its Space and Time
Authors: van Minnen Peter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEgyptian hagiography, just as other kinds of hagiography, originates in a certain time and place. The problem is that we can rarely pin down what part of the evidence is early and what evidence derives from later developments. We also often do not know where exactly the evidence comes from. In this paper, I will first discuss some of the problems this poses in dealing with Egyptian hagiography as a source of history, then I will argue that it is a kind of history after all: from about 400, when Egyptian hagiography takes off, it consistently provides a totalizing explanation for what had happened in the course of the fourth century: people had turned from paganism to Christianity, but no one had taken much notice while it happened. Egyptian hagiography does not build on authentic memory of what had happened in the fourth century, but amounts to an imaginative explanation-after-the-fact, largely inspired by the Bible and other literature.