bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of ferroptosis by natural phenols: A promising strategy for cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Yiping , Xie Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, heightened interest surrounds the exploration of natural phenols as potential agents for cancer therapy, specifically by inducing ferroptosis, a unique form of regulated cell death characterized by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. This review delves into the roles of key natural phenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, curcumin, and stilbenes, in modulating ferroptosis and their underlying mechanisms. Emphasizing the significance of amino acid, lipid, and iron metabolism, the study elucidates the diverse pathways through which these phenols regulate ferroptosis. Notably, curcumin, a well‐known polyphenol, exhibits multifaceted interactions with cellular components involved in ferroptosis regulation, providing a distinctive therapeutic avenue. Stilbenes, another phenolic class, demonstrate promising potential in influencing lipid metabolism and iron‐dependent processes, contributing to ferroptotic cell death. Understanding the intricate interplay between these natural phenols and ferroptosis not only illuminates complex cellular regulatory networks but also unveils potential avenues for novel cancer therapies. Exploring these compounds as inducers of ferroptosis presents a promising strategy for targeted cancer treatment, capitalizing on the delicate balance between cellular metabolism and regulated cell death mechanisms. This article synthesizes current knowledge, aiming to stimulate further research into the therapeutic potential of natural phenols in the context of ferroptosis‐mediated cancer therapy.
Thorium and uranium rapid quantification in soil with portable X‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Melquiades Fábio L. , Bastos Rodrigo O. , Rampim Leandro , Sandrino Israel Isaías , Rodriguez Duvan Gil , Parreira Paulo S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the thorium (Th) and uranium (U) quantification in soil employing a commercial routine in a portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer. Certified reference materials (CRMs), as well as a soil sample set, were measured by pXRF and gamma‐ray spectrometry. The pXRF results showed that the thorium average detection and quantification limits (in mg kg−1) were 3.3 ± 0.5 and 11.0 ± 1.7, respectively. The uranium values were 3.0 ± 0.4 and 9.9 ± 1.3. Quantitative pXRF results for Th were in accordance with the reference reported for most CRMs analyzed, and the same accordance was obtained in the comparison with gamma‐ray spectrometry results for the soil sample set. However, U results were overestimated by pXRF when compared both with the CRM‐reported values and the gamma‐ray spectrometry results. In conclusion, the tested pXRF commercial routine may be a viable technique to identify variations in natural Th levels in soil but needs to be used with caution to identify and quantify U.
Recent Synthesis of Mono‐ & Bis‐Pyranopyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Farooq Saba , Ngaini Zainab 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPyranopyrazole is an important structural unit in heterocyclic chemistry and is useful in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. The pyranopyrazole‐based compounds are known in the agricultural industry as herbicides, fungicides, and insecticide agents and in medicinal fields as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiHIV agents. Despite its wide range of applications, the synthesis of pyranopyrazole has several limitations such as the cost of reagents, potential environmental risks, harsh reaction conditions, longer reaction times, laborious workup procedures, and unsatisfactory yields. However, many studies have been recently reported on the synthesis of pyranopyrazoles using mild, green, and environmentally friendly methods that also give higher yields. Different catalysts and conditions have been reported for the synthesis of pyranopyrazole using four, three, and two components. Among these, four‐component synthesis is commonly reported by using benzaldehyde, hydrazine derivatives, ethyl acetoacetate and malononitrile due to the commercial availability and stability of the reagents. This review summarized the recent synthesis of pyranopyrazole i. e., mono‐ and bis‐pyranopyrazole derivatives via four‐, three‐ and two‐component‐based reactions. Mono‐ and bis‐pyranopyrazole derivatives varied due to the number of pyranopyrazole units that contributed to play an important role in increasing the binding interaction and biological activities beneficial for pharmaceutical industries.
Pioneering healthcare with soft robotic devices: A review
Authors: Wang Yuzhe , Xie Zhen , Huang Huishi , Liang Xinquan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in soft robotics have been emerging as an exciting paradigm in engineering due to their inherent compliance, safe human interaction, and ease of adaptation with wearable electronics. Soft robotic devices have the potential to provide innovative solutions and expand the horizons of possibilities for biomedical applications by bringing robots closer to natural creatures. In this review, we survey several promising soft robot technologies, including flexible fluidic actuators, shape memory alloys, cable‐driven mechanisms, magnetically driven mechanisms, and soft sensors. Selected applications of soft robotic devices as medical devices are discussed, such as surgical intervention, soft implants, rehabilitation and assistive devices, soft robotic exosuits, and prosthetics. We focus on how soft robotics can improve the effectiveness, safety and patient experience for each use case, and highlight current research and clinical challenges, such as biocompatibility, long‐term stability, and durability. Finally, we discuss potential directions and approaches to address these challenges for soft robotic devices to move toward real clinical translations in the future.
Data privacy protection model based on blockchain in mobile edge computing
Authors: Wu Junhua , Bu Xiangmei , Li Guangshun , Tian Guangwei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMobile edge computing (MEC) technology is widely used for real‐time and bandwidth‐intensive services, but its underlying heterogeneous architecture may lead to a variety of security and privacy issues. Blockchain provides novel solutions for data security and privacy protection in MEC. However, the scalability of traditional blockchain is difficult to meet the requirements of real‐time data processing, and the consensus mechanism is not suitable for resource‐constrained devices. Moreover, the access control of MEC data needs to be further improved. Given the above problems, a data privacy protection model based on sharding blockchain and access control is designed in this paper. First, a privacy‐preserving platform based on a sharding blockchain is designed. Reputation calculation and improved Proof‐of‐Work (PoW) consensus mechanism are proposed to accommodate resource‐constrained edge devices. The incentive mechanism with rewards and punishments is designed to constrain node behavior. A reward allocation algorithm is proposed to encourage nodes to actively contribute to obtaining more rewards. Second, an access control strategy using ciphertext policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) and RSA is designed. A smart contract is deployed to implement the automatic access control function. The InterPlanetary File System is introduced to alleviate the blockchain storage burden. Finally, we analyze the security of the proposed privacy protection model and statistics of the GAS consumed by the access control policy. The experimental results show that the proposed data privacy protection model achieves fine‐grained control of access rights, and has higher throughput and security than traditional blockchain.
Development and validation of a simple ultra‐high‐performance‐tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of five bioactive components in rat plasma of Hedysari Radix
Authors: Luo Xudong , Li Chengyi , Qi Peng , Liang Tingting , Feng Xiaoli , Wang Mingwei , Liu Shubin , Qiang Zhengze , Jia Miaoting , Wei Xiaocheng , Li Xu , He Jungang , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHedysari Radix is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine that improves immunity; formononetin, ononin, calycosin, medicarpin, and vanillic acid play an important role in achieving this effect. Herein, a precise and sensitive ultra‐high‐performance‐tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of five bioactive components that were extracted from plasma using a protein precipitation method. A Waters CORTES C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 2.7 µm) and a mobile phase composed of methanol and water (containing 0.2% formic acid) were used for the separation. The method was linear within the concentration range of 19.53–625.00 ng/mL for formononetin; 0.01–3.13 ng/mL for ononin; 0.01–3.13 ng/mL for calycosin; 0.16–5.00 ng/mL for medicarpin; and 19.53–625.00 ng/mL for vanillic acid. This method has a lower limit of quantification, is simple, and has a short analysis time and a high degree of separation. The intra‐day precisions and inter‐day precisions of quality control samples were traced to be below 8.58% and 12.64%, respectively. Fidelity intervened from −8.61% to 10%. Finally, the developed method was used to determine the concentrations of the five bioactive components in rat plasma after the administration of rubbing‐ and non‐rubbing processed Hedysari Radix.
Orthopedic surgery in Palau—Current capacity, needs, and future directions
Authors: Snyder Eli M. , Withy Kelley , Dever Greg , Decherong Catherine , Adelbai‐Fraser Myra , Mekoll Ngirachisau , Uherbelau Gaafar , Kamal Robin N. , Shapiro Lauren M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPalau, an island nation in Micronesia, is a medically underserved area with a shortage of specialty care services. Orthopedic diagnoses in Palau remain among the three most common reasons for costly off‐island medical referral. The purpose of this study was to assess Palau's current orthopedic surgery capacity and needs to inform interventions to build capacity to improve care access and quality.MethodsOrthopedic needs and capacity assessment tools developed by global surgical outreach experts were utilized to gather information and prompt discussions with a broad range of Palau's most knowledgeable stakeholders (n = 6). Results were reported descriptively.ResultsFinance, community impact, governance, and professional development were the lowest‐scored domains from the Capacity Assessment Tool for orthopedic surgery (CAT‐os), indicating substantial opportunity to build within these domains. According to administrators (n = 3), governance and finance were the greatest capacity‐building priorities, followed by professional development and partnership. Belau National Hospital (BNH) had adequate surgical infrastructure. Skin grafting, soft tissue excision/resection, infection management, and amputation were the most commonly selected procedures by stakeholders reporting orthopedic needs.ConclusionsThis study utilizes a framework for orthopedic capacity‐building in Palau which may inform partnership between Palau's healthcare system and orthopedic global outreach organizations with the goal of improving the quality, safety, and value of the care delivered. This demonstration of benchmarking, implementation planning, and subsequent re‐evaluation lays the foundation for the understanding of capacity‐building and may be applied to other medically underserved areas globally to improve access to high‐quality orthopedic care.
Gold(I) {2}‐Metallacoronates derived from a Catechol‐scaffolding Aroylbis(N,N‐diethylthiourea): Syntheses and Structures
Authors: Pham Chien Thang , Pham Thuy Thuy , Abram Ulrich , Nguyen Hung Huy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne‐pot reactions of catechol‐scaffolding aroylbis(N,N‐diethylthiourea) H2Lcat and mixtures of lanthanide nitrates Ln(NO3)3 (Ln3+=La3+, Nd3+ or Yb3+) or indium(III) chloride InCl3 and [Au(tht)Cl] in methanol in the presence of the supporting base Et3N result in gold(I) {2}‐metallacoronates. Depending on radii of the trivalent metal ions, the corresponding complexes are separated either in the neutral form with the composition {(NO3‐κ2‐O,O’)Ln⊂[Au2(Lcat)2]} in the cases of La3+ and Nd3+ or as the ‘ion‐pair’ {Yb⊂[Au2(Lcat)2]}+(NO3)− for the Yb(III) compound. The cationic complexes can be isolated in higher yields as the PF6− salts {M⊂[Au2(Lcat)2]}+(PF6)− (M3+=Yb3+ or In3+) by treatment of reaction mixtures with (n‐Bu4N)(PF6).
Historiography of Earth Sciences in Latin America
Authors: Figueirôa Silvia Fernanda de Mendonça , Lopes Maria Margaret 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe geoscientific knowledge of the territories of the Americas was at the core of colonizing projects and international disputes over these territories. The historical studies of various aspects of Earth sciences bring countless references. They have been present since the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in the writings of the Portuguese Jesuits or chroniclers. Latin America continues to participate in the historiographical production of Earth sciences at the international level, in tune with mainstream trends, but with varying intensity depending on each country’s specific contexts and intellectual traditions. New perspectives suggest counterpoints to the unidirectional views of the old diffusionist proposals in the History of Sciences. They emphasize that governments’ individual, professional, institutional, political, economic, scientific, and theoretical interests are not dissociated and are linked to rocks, fossils, soils, mineral and energy resources, and landscapes. There is much to be explored along with the perspective of circulation of ideas, practices, and objects, and scientific cooperation in the continental context, without losing the dimension that the phenomena associated with Earth sciences, due to their spatial and temporal dimensions, are not subordinated to geopolitical frontiers that, in Latin America and various regions of the world, as a result of colonizing processes, wars, and territorial disputes, have changed over time.
Hamiltonian birefringence and Born-Infeld limits
Authors: Mezincescu Luca , Russo Jorge G. , Townsend Paul K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Using Hamiltonian methods, we find six relativistic theories of nonlinear electrodynamics for which plane wave perturbations about a constant uniform background are not birefringent. All have the same conformal strong-field limit to Bialynicki-Birula (BB) electrodynamics, but only four avoid superluminal propagation: Born-Infeld (BI), its non-conformal “extreme” limits (electric and magnetic) and the conformal BB limit. The quadratic dispersion relation of BI is shown to degenerate in the extreme limits to a pair of linear relations, which become identical in the BB limit.
Permawound Unipotent Groups
Authors: Rosengarten Zev 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe introduce the class of permawound unipotent groups, and show that they simultaneously satisfy certain “ubiquity” and “rigidity” properties that in combination render them very useful in the study of general wound unipotent groups. As an illustration of their utility, we present two applications: We prove that nonsplit smooth unipotent groups over (infinite) fields finitely generated over $$\textbf{F}_p$$

F
p

have infinite first cohomology; and we show that every commutative p-torsion wound unipotent group over a field of degree of imperfection 1 is the maximal unipotent quotient of a commutative pseudo-reductive group, thus partially answering a question of Totaro.
Interaktive elektronische Visualisierungsformate in der studentischen Ausbildung
Authors: van Bonn Sara M. , Grajek Jan S. , Rettschlag Stefanie , Schraven Sebastian P. , Mlynski Robert 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Rahmen von Kontaktbeschränkungen wird die herkömmliche Lehre derzeit optimierungs- und ausbaufähig. Das Angebot an digitalen Lehrformaten in der studentischen Ausbildung ist sehr heterogen und die Effektivität ungewiss. Diese Studie zielt darauf ab zu untersuchen, inwieweit eine elektronische Visite als Alternative zum herkömmlichen HNO-Anwesenheitspraktikum genutzt werden kann und ob der Einsatz von elektronischen Lehrformaten einen Einfluss auf die Qualität der Lehre ausübt.

Material und Methoden
Anstelle regulärer Anwesenheitspraktika erfolgte einmal wöchentlich der Unterricht am Krankenbett in Echtzeit als Videostream via Tablet. In die prospektive Studie wurden 43 Studierende des 7. Semesters (WS 2020/2021) einbezogen. Mithilfe von Evaluationsbögen wurde der subjektive didaktische Wert verschiedener Visualisierungsformate für die Studierenden untersucht. Vergleichend hinzugezogen wurden die Klausurergebnisse der Vorjahre.

Ergebnisse
Die Mehrheit der Studierenden gaben an, einen Wissenszugewinn durch die elektronische Visite zu haben (93,02 %) und dass diese eine gute Alternative zum herkömmlichen Anwesenheitspraktikum darstellte (69,77 %). Die Qualität der Video- und Audioübertragung sowie Verständlichkeit der gezeigten Fallbeispiele wurde durchgehend als gut bis sehr gut bewertet. Die Klausurergebnisse der Studierenden waren im Testsemester tendenziell leicht schlechter als in den Kontrollsemestern.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Integration innovativer interaktiver Visualisierungsmöglichkeiten in die Lehre zeigt vielversprechende Perspektiven als Ergänzung zum herkömmlichen Präsenzunterricht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie können dazu beitragen, die digitale Lehre weiter auszubauen. Eine Skalierung dieses Modells könnte insbesondere in Ländern mit begrenzter Verfügbarkeit von Präsenzlehrplätzen in Betracht gezogen werden.
Prämenstruelles Syndrom und prämenstruelle dysphorische Störung – Übersicht zu Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Haußmann Jana , Goeckenjan M. , Haußmann R. , Wimberger P. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungBeim prämenstruellen Syndrom und der prämenstruellen dysphorischen Störung handelt es sich um episodisch in der 2. Zyklushälfte auftretende psychische und physische Symptome mit relevanter sozialer und beruflicher Beeinträchtigung im Alltag. Assoziierte depressive Symptome umfassen Stimmungsschwankungen, Depressivität und Gereiztheit, weshalb affektive Störungen eine relevante Differenzialdiagnose darstellen. Etwa 3–8 % aller Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter leiden an einem prämenstruellen Syndrom, während etwa 2 % von einer prämenstruellen dysphorischen Störung betroffen sind. Es werden genetische und soziobiografische Risikofaktoren diskutiert. Darüber hinaus werden genetische Polymorphismen spezifischer Hormonrezeptoren als ursächlich angenommen. Pathophysiologisch zentral scheint eine komplexe Interaktion von zyklischen hormonellen Veränderungen und dem zentralen Neurotransmitterhaushalt zu sein. Ein Ungleichgewicht der Wirkungen von Östrogen und Progesteron in der Lutealphase wird als endokrine Ursache der Symptomatik angenommen. Aus diesem Grunde wird häufig ein initialer Therapieversuch mittels Progesteronsubstitution in der zweiten Zyklushälfte durchgeführt, wobei die Evidenz diesbezüglich begrenzt ist. Auch die Gabe oraler kombinierter Kontrazeptiva stellt eine Option dar. Insbesondere für die Behandlung mit selektiven Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRI) existieren zahlreiche Wirkbelege. In schweren Fällen kann die Gabe von GnRH(Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon)-Analoga mit Add-back-Therapie erwogen werden. Insbesondere im Bereich affektiver Störungen stellen prämenstruelle Syndrome klinisch relevante Differenzialdiagnosen und Komorbiditäten dar, die Behandler vor besondere klinische Herausforderungen stellen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll der Leserschaft daher eine klinische Orientierung im Umgang mit diesem Störungsbild geben.
A $p$-adic arithmetic inner product formula
Authors: Disegni Daniel , Liu Yifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFix a prime number $p$
p
and let $E/F$
E
/
F
be a CM extension of number fields in which $p$
p
splits relatively. Let $\pi $
π
be an automorphic representation of a quasi-split unitary group of even rank with respect to $E/F$
E
/
F
such that $\pi $
π
is ordinary above $p$
p
with respect to the Siegel parabolic subgroup. We construct the cyclotomic $p$
p
-adic $L$
L
-function of $\pi $
π
, and a certain generating series of Selmer classes of special cycles on Shimura varieties. We show, under some conditions, that if the vanishing order of the $p$
p
-adic $L$
L
-function is 1, then our generating series is modular and yields explicit nonzero classes (called Selmer theta lifts) in the Selmer group of the Galois representation of $E$
E
associated with $\pi $
π
; in particular, the rank of this Selmer group is at least 1. In fact, we prove a precise formula relating the $p$
p
-adic heights of Selmer theta lifts to the derivative of the $p$
p
-adic $L$
L
-function. In parallel to Perrin-Riou’s $p$
p
-adic analogue of the Gross–Zagier formula, our formula is the $p$
p
-adic analogue of the arithmetic inner product formula recently established by Chao Li and the second author.
Artificial intelligence support in MR imaging of incidental renal masses: an early health technology assessment
Authors: Marka Alexander W. , Luitjens Johanna , Gassert Florian T. , Steinhelfer Lisa , Burian Egon , Rübenthaler Johannes , Schwarze Vincent , Froelich Matthias F. , Makowski Marcus R. , Gassert Felix G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study analyzes the potential cost-effectiveness of integrating an artificial intelligence (AI)–assisted system into the differentiation of incidental renal lesions as benign or malignant on MR images during follow-up.

Materials and methods
For estimation of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and lifetime costs, a decision model was created, including the MRI strategy and MRI + AI strategy. Model input parameters were derived from recent literature. Willingness to pay (WTP) was set to $100,000/QALY. Costs of $0 for the AI were assumed in the base-case scenario. Model uncertainty and costs of the AI system were assessed using deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

Results
Average total costs were at $8054 for the MRI strategy and $7939 for additional use of an AI-based algorithm. The model yielded a cumulative effectiveness of 8.76 QALYs for the MRI strategy and of 8.77 for the MRI + AI strategy. The economically dominant strategy was MRI + AI. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed high robustness of the model with the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), which represents the incremental cost associated with one additional QALY gained, remaining below the WTP for variation of the input parameters. If increasing costs for the algorithm, the ICER of $0/QALY was exceeded at $115, and the defined WTP was exceeded at $667 for the use of the AI.

Conclusions
This analysis, rooted in assumptions, suggests that the additional use of an AI-based algorithm may be a potentially cost-effective alternative in the differentiation of incidental renal lesions using MRI and needs to be confirmed in the future.

Clinical relevance statement
These results hint at AI’s the potential impact on diagnosing renal masses. While the current study urges careful interpretation, ongoing research is essential to confirm and seamlessly integrate AI into clinical practice, ensuring its efficacy in routine diagnostics.

Key Points
• This is a model-based study using data from literature where AI has been applied in the diagnostic workup of incidental renal lesions.
• MRI + AI has the potential to be a cost-effective alternative in the differentiation of incidental renal lesions.
• The additional use of AI can reduce costs in the diagnostic workup of incidental renal lesions.