bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesium in pain control - mechanisms of action in perioperative pain, neuropathic pain and migraine
Authors: Konarska Anna , Fabijański Artur , Dukacz Adriana , Firlej Wojciech , Rychlewska-Duda Joanna , Lisiecka Justyna , Nowak Michał , Janik Mateusz , Ufnalska Barbara , Machowiak Anna 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Magnesium is a crucial macroelement with widespread effects on the nervous and muscular systems.. Due to its role as an NMDA receptor antagonist, magnesium has garnered significant attention in pain management research, particularly for its potential to modulate both acute and chronic pain. This article provides an overview of magnesium's therapeutic applications in neuropathic pain, migraine, and perioperative pain, drawing on research from PubMed and Google Scholar published between 1988 and 2025.
Aim of study
This review aims to present the state of knowledge about magnesium’s possible role in pain control and present mechanism of its influence on the nociceptive stimuli reception.
Materials and methods
Publication research was made using databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords used in research were among others: magnesium, pain, neuropathic pain, migraine, perioperative pain, magnesium deficiency.
Current state of knowledge
Magnesium plays a crucial role in the management of various pain conditions, including perioperative, neuropathic, and migraine pain, through its multifactorial mechanisms. These include NMDA receptor antagonism, calcium channel blockade, anti-inflammatory effects, and muscle relaxation, all of which contribute to its analgesic properties. Evidence suggests that magnesium supplementation can reduce opioid use, counteract central and peripheral sensitization, and potentially prevent migraine attacks, highlighting its potential as an effective adjuvant in pain management strategies.
Summary (Conclusions):
Magnesium offers significant therapeutic potential in managing perioperative, neuropathic, and migraine pain through mechanisms such as NMDA receptor antagonism, calcium channel blockade, and neuroinflammation modulation. Its use can reduce opioid consumption, enhance pain relief, and improve outcomes, highlighting the need for further research into its clinical applications in pain management.
SoS Certification for Symmetric Quadratic Functions and Its Connection to Constrained Boolean Hypercube Optimization
Authors: Kurpisz Adam , Potechin Aaron , Wirth Elias 
Published: February 2025

We introduce several methods to study the rank of the sum of squares (SoS) hierarchy for problems over the Boolean hypercube. We apply our techniques to improve upon existing results, thus answering several open questions. We answer the question by Laurent regarding the SoS rank of the empty integral hull (EIH) problem. We prove that the SoS rank is between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We refute the Lee-Prakash-de Wolf-Yuen (LPdWY) conjecture for the SoS rank of symmetric quadratic functions in n variables with roots placed in points k – 1 and k that conjectured the lower bound of [Formula: see text]. We prove that the SoS rank for SQFs is at most [Formula: see text]. We answer another question by Laurent for an instance of the min knapsack problem parameterized by P. We prove a nearly tight SoS rank between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Finally, we refute the conjecture by Bienstock-Zuckerberg that presumed the SoS rank lower bound of [Formula: see text] for an instance of the set cover problem. We refute the conjecture by providing an [Formula: see text] SoS certificate for this problem. Funding: A. Kurpisz was supported by Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (SNSF) [Grant PZ00P2_174117], A. Potechin was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) [Grant CCF2008920], and E. Wirth was supported by DFG under Germany’s Excellence Strategy, The Berlin Mathematics Research Center (MATH+) [Grant EXC-2046/1, project ID 390685689, BMS Stipend].
Desarrollo de mermelada de flor de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa) en diferentes estados (natural y deshidratada).
Authors: Guerrero Veliz Anthony Elias , Arguello Cedeño Jonnathan , Revilla Escobar Karol Yannela , Aldas Morejon Jhonnatan Placido 
Published: February 2025

Introducción: Hibiscus sabdariffa es una planta con múltiples aplicaciones culinarias y medicinales debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes, vitaminas, minerales y compuestos fitoquímicos como antocianinas y flavonoides.
Objetivo: Desarrollar una mermelada de flor de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa) en diferentes estados (natural y deshidratada).
Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial A*B, donde el factor A hace referencia las concentraciones de flor de jamaica (35%; 50% y 70%) y el factor B corresponde a los métodos de procesamiento de la flor de jamaica (estado natural y deshidratada). Se evaluaron características fisicoquímicas (pH, acidez, humedad, contenido de cenizas y °Brix), contenido de polifenoles totales y capacidad antioxidante. parámetros sensoriales (olor, sabor, textura y aceptabilidad).
Resultados: Las propiedades fisicoquímicas, se determinaron valores de pH (2.70 - 4.00), acidez (0.40% – 0.83%), humedad (14.00% – 31.67%), ceniza (0.20 % – 0.70%), °Brix (15.23% – 64.30%). Por su parte, el contenido de polifenoles totales se observó que los tratamientos que se utilizaron flor de Jamaica en estado natural presentaron valores que oscilaron entre 196.26 – 215.98 mg equ. Ácido gálico /100g. A diferencia de los tratamientos elaborados con flor de jamaica deshidratas que obtuvieron los resultados más bajos (113.30 -123.90 mg equ. Ácido gálico /100g). Además, se demostró una capacidad antioxidante con valores que se situaron entre 13.60 mg mL⁻¹ -14.22 mg mL⁻¹. En relación a la caracterización sensorial se determinó que la mermelada elaborada con 50% flor de jamaica en estado natural (T3) permitió obtener un producto con mayor intensidad, resaltando las categorías sabor (4.37), textura (4.13) y aceptabilidad (4.63).
Conclusión: La flor de Jamaica en estado natural mejora significativamente las propiedades fisicoquímicas, polifenólica y la capacidad antioxidante de la mermelada. Además, ofrece un perfil sensorial más agradable, intensificando las categorías de olor, sabor, textura y aceptabilidad.
Patient and parent perspectives on being invited to join a trial of night-time only versus full-time bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Sherratt Frances C. , Swaby Lizzie , Walker Kerry , Jayasuriya Raveen , Campbell Laura , Mills Andrew J. , Gardner Adrian C. , Perry Daniel C. , Cole Ashley , Young Bridget 
Published: February 2025

AimsThe Bracing Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (BASIS) study is a randomized controlled non-inferiority pragmatic trial of ‘full-time bracing’ (FTB) compared to ‘night-time bracing’ (NTB) for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). We anticipated that recruiting patients to BASIS would be challenging, as it is a paediatric trial comparing two markedly different bracing pathways. No previous studies have compared the experiences of AIS patients treated with FTB to those treated with NTB. This qualitative study was embedded in BASIS to explore families’ perspectives of BASIS, to inform trial communication, and to identify strategies to support patients treated in a brace.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (n = 26) and young people (n = 21) who had been invited to participate in BASIS at ten of the 22 UK paediatric spine services in hospitals recruiting to BASIS. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically.ResultsFamilies viewed their interactions with BASIS recruiters positively, but were often confused about core aspects of BASIS, such as the aims, expectations of bracing, and the process of randomization. Participants typically expressed a preference for NTB, but recruiters may have framed NTB more favourably. Patients and parents reported challenges wearing a brace, such as physical discomfort, feelings of self-consciousness, difficulty participating in physical activities, and strain on financial resources to support brace use. Patients in FTB reported more pronounced challenges. While families valued health professional support, they felt there was a lack of social, emotional, and school support, and relied on online resources, as well private counselling services to address this need.ConclusionThe findings informed the development of resources and strategies, including guidance for schools and the recommendations in this paper, to support patients to wear NTB and FTB as prescribed. The results indicated opportunities for recruiters to enhance trial communication in ways that could improve informed consent and recruitment to BASIS, and inform future trials of bracing.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(2):135–146.
Medical students’ knowledge, attitudes, and motivation towards antimicrobial resistance efforts in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Babuya Jonathan , Waruingi Daniel , Mungujakisa Douglas , Ahimbisibwe Osmas , Kako Victoria Ruth , Aporu Faith , Mugume Emmanuel , Nyamupachitu Julian , Kiyimba Kenedy 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Learning beyond the classroom is important for holistic engagement in antimicrobial resistance(AMR) mitigation. Extracurricular interventions can catalyze multidisciplinary engagement and inspire innovative solutions. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and motivations influencing medical students’ engagement in AMR Club initiatives at Busitema University, Uganda.

Methodology
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Busitema University among undergraduate students pursuing Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery, Bachelor of Science in Nursing, and Bachelor of Science in Anesthesia and Critical care. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire and administered to the participants The Bloom’s cut-off method was used to analyse the knowledge of the participants, while bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi square test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with students’ engagement in AMR club activities.

Results
Of the 193 study participants, 71.5%(n) demonstrated sufficient knowledge about antimicrobial resistance (AMR), as determined using Bloom’s cutoff categories (≥60% classified as sufficient, <60% as insufficient), with an average knowledge score of 68.18% (SD ±16.12). Additionally, 90% of participants acknowledged the significance of incorporating AMR topics into their curriculum, while 87.5% emphasized the need for AMR training using a One Health approach. The major motivations for students to engage in extracurricular activities addressing AMR were peer influence (n = 42), university support (n = 35), and inspiration drawn from peer mentors’ work (n = 35).

Conclusion
The students demonstrated a high level of knowledge and positive attitudes towards AMR but highlighted the need for further in-depth training. Participation in extra-curricular activities such as involvement in an AMR Club, was found to significantly influence students’ engagement in AMR related interventions.
Law and Economics in Japan’s Courts: Emerging Trends and Developments
Authors: Saito Hiroharu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article briefly reviews the emerging trends of incorporating law and economics perspectives within the Japanese judiciary. In the first part, I review opinions of Justice Koichi Kusano, the first justice in the history of the Supreme Court to adopt law and economics approaches. In particular, I discuss his two key approaches: the maximization of well-being and the use of quantitative empirical analysis. In the second part, I explore the broader judiciary context, including transformations in the Supreme Court’s majority opinions and the practices of lower courts and lawyers. Specifically, I highlight the Supreme Court’s growing emphasis on empirical data, particularly concerning social circumstances and public attitudes. Additionally, I analyze the subsequent shift in lawyers’ practices, which increasingly include the submission of survey data and statistical evidence. I also present emerging trends in the annual number of court decisions that reference regression analysis.
Rheological and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete with recycled coarse aggregate from the demolition of large panel system buildings
Authors: Malazdrewicz Seweryn , Ostrowski Krzysztof Adam , Sadowski Łukasz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Self-compacting concrete (SCC), which can be placed and consolidated under its weight without any vibration effort, was first developed in 1988 to achieve durable concrete structures. Since then, a lot of research has been conducted in order to reduce the consumption of raw materials in SCC. Although coarse aggregate and design methods are known to influence concrete properties, there are still knowledge gaps that need to be filled. This study uses a new source of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), namely the concrete panels of old large panel system buildings demolished in urban areas. The aim of the study is to verify the effect of this aggregate on the rheological and mechanical properties of SCC. To enhance the properties of SCC, the modified equivalent mortar volume (mEMV) method of designing a concrete mix was used. It has not been verified before for SCC, and a literature review suggests it has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of ordinary equivalent mortar volume methods. The SCC that was used in the study is characterized by having a high viscosity and an average consistency. The hardened SCC used in the research was highly impacted by its mix design and RCA content. Both compressive strength and abrasion resistance decreased when the RCA content increased. However, using the mEMV method resulted in a 10 and 1% improvement in compressive strength and abrasion resistance, respectively.
Carnap und Heidegger
Authors: Damböck Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rudolf Carnap and Martin Heidegger shared with Max Weber the decisionist understanding of values as something that cannot be justified by scientists or philosophers. Although both accepted the challenge of modernity in this respect, they reacted in opposite ways. Carnap, along with the Vienna Circle, defended a scientific conception of the world in which science and instrumental rationality were to permeate all of life; Heidegger embarked on an understanding of metaphysics in which rationality and science were to be eliminated. Both strategies were deeply political, and both resulted from the split in the German youth and life-reform movement that took place during and immediately after World War I. I discuss this image here in the context of dialectical theology, the Vienna Circle, and the Davos Disputation, with a sideways glance at Ernst Cassirer, and with a view to earlier interpretations by Michael Friedman and Gottfried Gabriel.
Zwischen Kontingenzeinsicht und Geltungsbegehren
Authors: Langner-Pitschmann Annette 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Globalisation makes the contingency of every interpretation of reality increasingly evident. This creates a tension between the subjective persuasiveness of an attitude and the awareness of its contingency. The article argues that this tension is a central theme of a future philosophy of religion. Proceeding from Armin Nassehi, Paul Ricoeur and Hans Joas, the first part analyses central implications of a growing contingency sensitivity. It shows that in this process cognitive and affective aspects are closely interwoven. The second part examines the question how the reflexive knowledge of the contingency of a standpoint can be reconciled with the pre-reflective intuition of its privileged validity. With Hans Blumenberg’s concept of rhetorical consolation and Peter Jonkers’ notion of existential truth, the article discusses two solutions to this challenge. In conclusion, both are considered as examples of how philosophy of religion can contribute to substantiating the idea of a ‘contingent certainty’ (Joas).
Gott nicht-personal gedacht
Authors: Gasser Georg 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper explores recent developments in the philosophy of religion, emphasising alternative conceptions of God that move away from personal theism. Two alternative frameworks are presented: the euteleological concept of God developed by John Bishop and Ken Perszyk, which views God as an emergent phenomenon of an inherently purposive and good reality, and John L. Schellenberg’s ultimism, which conceptualises ultimate reality as metaphysical, axiological and soteriological ultimate, advocating for a cautious, open-ended understanding of the divine. These models argue for a humble and exploratory stance toward religious understanding. They suggest a shift toward a pluralistic, non-personalist framework in conceptualising the divine and ultimate meaning.
Hydroelectric simulation of the phreatic water response of mining cracked soil based on microbial solidification
Authors: Gao Ying , Ismail Mohd Ashraf Mohamad , Li Tao , Li Bo , Zhang Jiarui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Coal mining in ecologically fragile areas results in the failure of aquiclude layers and the loss of surface water bodies. Herein, research was conducted on the microbial solidification of cracked soils and the corresponding response of the ecological water table. A simulation of mining-induced cracked soils was performed via microbial solidification. The mechanical and hydrological properties of cracked soil samples repaired with different filling materials were compared via unconfined compressive strength and falling head permeability tests. Hydraulic-electric similarity modeling techniques were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of microbial solidification in the aquiclude layers. After low-temperature acclimation, Bacillus megaterium adapted to the geological environment of the study area, exhibiting a high viable cell density. When the cracked soil was filled with a 1:1 ratio of aeolian sand to clay particles, the microbially remediated soil demonstrated optimal mechanical and hydraulic properties. Hydraulic-electric similarity numerical simulations revealed that the ecological water table at the coalface remained within a reasonable range following microbial solidification, suggesting that microbial solidification achieved water-preserving coal mining. These findings provide a reference for restoring aquiclude layers damaged by coal mining.
Data augmentation and simultaneous prediction of optical properties of a porous core single mode fiber: CTGAN in the domain of optics
Authors: Rahman Afiquer , Mollah Md. Aslam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) architectures have garnered significant interest due to their versatile applications across various fields. However, the complexity of PCF designs and the computational demands of full vectorial finite element method (FV-FEM) simulations pose challenges in fully realizing their potential. While prior research has explored artificial neural networks (ANNs) to accelerate simulation predictions, proposed approaches were often limited by sample size and generalizability. In this manuscript we introduce conditional generative adversarial networks (CTGAN) to augment real datasets, facilitating more effective ANN training. We evaluate CTGAN’s performance by comparing the quality of augmented data with real data and assess the predictive accuracy of ANNs trained on both augmented and real datasets. Our results demonstrate enhanced predictive accuracy, with higher R
2 values for optical property predictions from structural parameters using the augmented dataset-trained ANN. Furthermore, the mean squared error (MSE) during ANN training decreased significantly (from 0.0051 to 0.0011), requiring fewer convergence epochs of only 88 compared to 114 for the real dataset. The proposed approach enables faster optical property predictions while reducing the required dataset generation simulations by up to 27.9 %.
Variational approach to multimode nonlinear optical fibers
Authors: Lorenzi Francesco , Salasnich Luca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We analyze the spatiotemporal solitary waves of a graded-index multimode optical fiber with a parabolic transverse index profile. Using the nonpolynomial Schrödinger equation approach, we derive an effective one-dimensional Lagrangian associated with the Laguerre–Gauss modes with a generic radial mode number p and azimuthal index m. We show that the form of the equations of motion for any Laguerre–Gauss mode is particularly simple, and we derive the critical power for the collapse for every mode. By solving the nonpolynomial Schrödinger equation, we provide a comparison of the stationary mode profiles in the radial and temporal coordinates.
Visible transparency modulated cooling windows using pseudorandom dielectric multilayers
Authors: Seo Seok-Beom , Lee Jong-Goog , Yu Jae-Seon , Kim Jae-Hyun , Jung Serang , Kang Gumin , Ko Hyungduk , Hu Run , Lee Eungkyu , Kim Sun-Kyung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasing global temperatures have escalated the demand for indoor cooling, thus requiring energy-saving solutions. Traditional approaches often integrate metal layers in cooling windows to block near-infrared (NIR) sunlight, which, albeit effective, lack the broad modulation of visible transmission and lead to heat accumulation due to sunlight absorption. Here, we address these limitations by developing cooling windows using ZnS/MgF2 multilayers, optimized through a binary optimization-based active learning process. We demonstrated that these multilayers, with a total thickness below 1 µm, effectively reduced indoor temperatures by blocking NIR sunlight while achieving desired visible transmittance. The designed multilayers exhibited visible transmittance ranging from 0.41 to 0.89 while retaining decent NIR reflectance between 0.37 and 0.52. These spectral characteristics remained consistent up to incident angles of >60°, ensuring their practical applicability for vertically oriented windows. Outdoor experiments showed substantial temperature reductions of up to 8.8 °C on floors compared to uncoated glass windows. The active learning-based multilayers exhibited superior performance compared to analytical ZnS/MgF2 distributed Bragg reflectors with equivalent thicknesses by improving NIR reflectance and modulating visible transmittance. In addition, multilayers with a greater number of bits extensively tuned transmission color, enabling customization for aesthetic purposes. These findings suggest that all-dielectric multilayers can provide a scalable, cost-effective alternative for reducing energy consumption in buildings and vehicles with large glass surfaces, supporting efforts to mitigate climate change through enhanced energy efficiency.