bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absolute lymphocyte count is a novel prognostic indicator in ALL and AML
Authors: De Angulo Guillermo , Yuen Carrie , Palla Shana L. , Anderson Peter M. , Zweidler‐McKay Patrick A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Leukemia is the leading cause of disease‐related death in children, despite significant improvement in survival and modern risk stratification. The prognostic significance of absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) was evaluated in young patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).METHODS.In all, 171 consecutive de novo cases of AML and ALL, age ≤21 years, were analyzed. Age, initial white blood cell count, cytogenetics, and bone marrow response were compared with lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts at weekly intervals during induction chemotherapy.RESULTS.ALC is a significant independent predictor of relapse and survival. For example, in patients with AML an ALC on Day 28 of induction (ALC‐28) <350 cells/μL predicts very poor survival, with a 5‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS) of only 10% (hazard ratio [HR] 3.7,P= .003). In contrast, an ALC‐15 >350 cells/μL carries an excellent prognosis, with a 5‐year overall survival (OS) of 85% (HR 0.2,P= .012). Similarly in ALL, an ALC‐15 <350 cells/μL predicts poor survival, with a 6‐year RFS of 43% (HR 4.5,P= .002), whereas an ALC‐15 >350 cells/μL predicts excellent outcome, with a 6‐year OS of 87% (HR 0.2,P= .018). Importantly, ALC remains a strong predictor in multivariate analysis with known prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONS.ALC is a simple, statistically powerful measurement for patients with de novo AML and ALL. The results, when combined with previous studies, demonstrate that ALC is a powerful new prognostic factor for a range of malignancies. These findings suggest a need for further exploration of postchemotherapy immune status and immune‐modulating cancer therapies. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Static self‐gravitating elastic bodies in Einstein gravity
Authors: Andersson Lars , Beig Robert , Schmidt Bernd G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe prove that given a stress‐free elastic body there exists, for sufficiently small values of the gravitational constant, a unique static solution of the Einstein equations coupled to the equations of relativistic elasticity. The solution constructed is a small deformation of the relaxed configuration. This result yields the first proof of existence of static solutions of the Einstein equations without symmetries. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supersonic flow onto a solid wedge
Authors: Elling Volker , Liu Tai‐Ping 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe consider the problem of two‐dimensional supersonic flow onto a solid wedge, or equivalently in a concave corner formed by two solid walls. For mild corners, there are two possible steady state solutions, one with a strong and one with a weak shock emanating from the corner. The weak shock is observed in supersonic flights. A longstanding natural conjecture is that the strong shock is unstable in some sense.We resolve this issue by showing that a sharp wedge will eventually produce weak shocks at the tip when accelerated to a supersonic speed. More precisely, we prove that for upstream state as initial data in the entire domain, the time‐dependent solution is self‐similar, with a weak shock at the tip of the wedge. We construct analytic solutions for self‐similar potential flow, both isothermal and isentropic with arbitrary γ ≥ 1.In the process of constructing the self‐similar solution, we develop a large number of theoretical tools for these elliptic regions. These tools allow us to establish large‐data results rather than a small perturbation. We show that the wave pattern persists as long as the weak shock is supersonic‐supersonic; when this is no longer true, numerics show a physical change of behavior. In addition, we obtain rather detailed information about the elliptic region, including analyticity as well as bounds for velocity components and shock tangents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autoreactive B cells get activated in extrafollicular sites
Authors: Weisel Florian , Wellmann Ute , Winkler Thomas H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAutoreactive B cells are prevented from producing autoantibodies that may cause pathogenicity in autoimmune diseases by the induction of tolerance. When autoreactive B cells escape regulation in autoimmune‐prone individuals, large amounts of autoantibodies are produced with somatic mutations in their variable regions. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, a new and very useful model is presented that induces activation and hypermutation of autoreactive B cells upon injection of chromatin‐containing immune complexes. The differentiation and hypermutation of autoreactive B cells takes place at extrafollicular sites. See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji200737752
Monitoring of Photocatalytic Degradation of Selected Neonicotinoid Insecticides by Cathodic Voltammetry with a Bismuth Film Electrode
Authors: Guzsvány Valéria , Kádár Mihály , Papp Zsigmond , Bjelica Luka , Gaál Ferenc , Tóth Klára 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn electroanalytical method has been developed for the determination of two water soluble pyridine based neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid and acetamiprid) by differential pulse voltammetry with a bismuth film electrode in aqueous Britton–Robinson buffer solution as supporting electrolyte. The bismuth film electrode preparation was optimized for cathodic voltammetric application. The reduction peaks of the neonicotionids appeared at potentials more negative than −0.5 V (BiFE vs. Ag/AgCl/3.0 M KCl) and the signal characteristics depended on the pH of the supporting electrolyte. The best analysis conditions were found to be pH 8.0 for imidacloprid and pH 3.0 for acetamiprid at the following measurement parameters: pulse amplitude 50 mV, pulse width 50 ms and scan rate 25 mV. Calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 2.43–51.1 μg/cm3 for imidacloprid and 2.95–47.3 μg/cm3 for acetamiprid, while the detection limits were 0.73 μg/cm3 and 0.88 μg/cm3 for imidacloprid and acetamiprid, respectively. The electroanalytical method has allowed monitoring the heterogeneous photocatalytic (O2/TiO2/UV) degradation of the two insecticides via their disappearance. The dynamics and the reaction rate determined on the basis of the electrochemical data were validated with HPLC/DAD and FTIR measurements.
Recent innovations in protein separation on microchips by electrophoretic methods
Authors: Peng Youyuan , Pallandre Antoine , Tran N. Thuy , Taverna Myriam 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMicrochips for analytical purposes have attracted great attention over the last 20 years. In the present review, we focus on the most recent development of microchips for electrophoretic separation of proteins. This review starts with a short recalling about the microchips covering the basic microchip layout for CE and the commercial chips and microchip platforms. A short paragraph is dedicated to the surface treatment of microchips, which is of paramount importance in protein analysis. One section is dedicated to on‐line sample pretreatment in microchips and summarizes different strategies to pre‐concentrate or to purify proteins from complex matrixes. Most of the common modes used for CE of proteins have already been adapted to the chip format, while multidimensional approaches are still in progress. The different routes to achieve detection in microchip are also presented with a special attention to derivatization or labeling of proteins. Finally, several recent applications are mentioned. They highlight the great potential of electrophoretic separations of proteins in numerous fields such as biological, pharmaceutical or agricultural and food analysis. A bibliography with 151 references is provided covering papers published from 2000 to the early 2007.
The adoption of hospital information systems
Authors: McCullough Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper empirically examines the diffusion of hospital information systems (ISs), specifically, pharmacy, laboratory, and radiology systems. Given the policy significance of health IS and the widespread perception that it's diffusion is slow, a better understanding of the mechanisms driving IS adoption is needed. A novel data set incorporating both IS adoption and hospital characteristics was constructed. These data follow the behavior of 1965 hospitals for the years 1990–2000. Hypotheses pertaining to hospital characteristics, hospital competition, and strategic behavior are tested utilizing proportional hazard models. I find that IS adoption is related to multi‐hospital system membership, payer mix, and hospital scale. The role of scale, however, significantly diminishes throughout the time period, likely reflecting improved personal computer performance and improved IT scalability. Conversely, I find little that strategic behavior or hospital competition affects IS adoption. Likewise, hospital ownership does not affect the adoption of these systems. Overall, these results suggest that hospital IS diffusion has not been normatively slow. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Landscape structure and use, climate, and water movement in the Mekong River basin
Authors: Costa‐Cabral Mariza C. , Richey Jeffrey E. , Goteti Gopi , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Feldkötter Christoph , Snidvongs Anond 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this article the relative roles of precipitation and soil moisture in influencing runoff variability in the Mekong River basin are addressed. The factors controlling runoff generation are analysed in a calibrated macro‐scale hydrologic model, and it is demonstrated that, in addition to rainfall, simulated soil moisture plays a decisive role in establishing the timing and amount of generated runoff. Soil moisture is a variable with a long memory for antecedent hydrologic fluxes that is influenced by soil hydrologic parameters, topography, and land cover type. The influence of land cover on soil moisture implies significant hydrologic consequences for large‐scale deforestation and expansion of agricultural land. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SPR identification of mild elution conditions for affinity purification of E6 oncoprotein, using a multivariate experimental design
Authors: Sibler Annie‐Paule , Baltzinger Mireille , Choulier Laurence , Desplancq Dominique , Altschuh Danièle 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe purification of “difficult” proteins for structural and functional studies remains a challenge. A widely used approach is their production as fusions with an affinity tag, so that a generic tag‐based purification protocol can be applied. Alternatively, immuno‐affinity using a protein‐specific antibody allows purification of unmodified proteins in a single step, if mild elution conditions can be identified for dissociating the complex without disrupting the folding of the protein. Here, we describe a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) strategy to predict optimized elution conditions from a mathematical model that relates target/antibody dissociation to environmental changes. We illustrate the strategy with the E6 protein of the human papilloma virus (HPV) 16, a highly unstable protein central to HPV‐induced carcinogenesis. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to measure the kinetics of dissociation of an E6 peptide from an E6‐specific antibody in a set of multivariate conditions, where three environmental factors (pH, NaCl concentration, and temperature) were varied. The QSAR model indicated that dissociation is favored at pH < 5, which is detrimental to E6 folding, and also at pH ≥ 10 if the temperature is high. We verified that the conclusions of the QSAR study with the peptide were valid for the scFv1F4/E6 protein complex, and that the recovered protein was capable of mediating p53 degradation. Finally, we demonstrated that the optimized elution conditions (pH 10, 35°C) were adequate for purifying the recombinant E6 protein from crude cell extracts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion imaging concepts for clinicians
Authors: Neil Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis review covers the fundamentals of diffusion tensor imaging. It is written with the clinician in mind and assumes the reader has a passing familiarity with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Topics covered include comparison of diffusion MRI with conventional MRI, water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), diffusion anisotropy, tract tracing, and changes of water apparent diffusion in response to injury. The discussion centers primarily on applications to the central nervous system, but examples from other tissues are included. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal T2‐weighted turbo‐spin‐echo imaging with BLADE at 3.0 Tesla: Initial experience
Authors: Michaely Henrik J. , Kramer Harald , Weckbach Sabine , Dietrich Olaf , Reiser Maximilian F. , Schoenberg Stefan O. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and image quality of multishot T2‐weighted (T2w) renal morphologic imaging based on the acquisition of rotating rectangular strips of k‐space data after successive radiofrequency excitations (BLADE technique).Materials and MethodsA total of 7 healthy volunteers and 27 patients with suspected renal and renovascular diseases were included in this prospective intraindividual study. All exams were performed at 3.0T in a random order with a standard T2w turbo‐spin‐echo (TSE) sequence and with a T2w‐BLADE sequence with equal spatial resolution. Phantom measurements were performed to measure the objective signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Two radiologists rated the image sharpness, the flow signal suppression, the presence of artifacts, and the overall image quality of both techniques and determined their preferred sequence.ResultsThe SNR did not show significant differences. The overall image quality was rated significantly higher for the T2w‐BLADE (P < 0.05). Equally, the presence of disturbing artifacts and the sharpness was ranked significantly better for T2w‐BLADE than for the T2w‐TSE (P < 0.05). The T2w‐BLADE was the preferred sequence in 59% of all cases, the T2w‐TSE in 9%.T2w‐BLADE sequences seem to be superior for the depiction of the kidneys at 3.0T, particularly due to the decreased number of artifacts and sharper delineation of the organs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VGluT2 expression in painful Achilles and patellar tendinosis: Evidence of local glutamate release by tenocytes
Authors: Scott Alexander , Alfredson Håkan , Forsgren Sture 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe pathogenesis of chronic tendinopathy is unclear. We have previously measured high intratendinous levels of glutamate in patients with tendinosis, suggesting potential roles of glutamate in the modulation of pain, vascular function, and degenerative changes including apoptosis of tenocytes. However, the origin of free glutamate found in tendon tissue is completely unknown. Surgical biopsies of pain‐free normal tendons and tendinosis tendons (Achilles and patellar) were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluT1 and VGluT2), as indirect markers of glutamate release. In situ hybridization for VGluT2 mRNA was also conducted. Specific immunoreactions for VGluT2, but not VGluT1, could be consistently detected in tenocytes. However, there were interindividual variations in the levels of immunoreactivity. The level of immunoreaction for VGluT2 was higher in tendinosis tendons compared to normal tendons (p < 0.05). In situ hybridization of VGluT2 demonstrated that mRNA was localized in a similar pattern as the protein, with marked expression by certain tenocytes, particularly those showing abnormal appearances. Reactivity for VGluT1 and ‐2 was absent from nerves and vessel structures in both normal and painful tendons. The current data demonstrate that tenocytes may be involved in the regulation of extracellular glutamate levels in tendons. Specifically, the observations suggest that free glutamate may be locally produced and released by tenocytes, rather than by peripheral neurons. Excessive free glutamate is expected to impact a variety of autocrine and paracrine functions important in the development of tendinosis, including tenocyte proliferation and apoptosis, extracellular matrix metabolism, nociception, and blood flow. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:685–692, 2008
Management of carcinoma of the gallbladder: A single‐institution experience in 16 years
Authors: Chan Siu Yin , Poon Ronnie T.P. , Lo Chung Mau , Ng Kelvin K. , Fan Sheung Tat 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundRadical surgery is the only curative treatment for carcinoma of gallbladder. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of patients with carcinoma of gallbladder managed in a single institution over 16 years.MethodsFrom April 1988 to November 2003, 86 patients (29 males, 57 females) were diagnosed to have carcinoma of gallbladder. Tumor staging, treatment modalities and clinical outcome of these patients were evaluated. Thirty‐two patients (37%) had early stage (TNM stage I or II) disease whereas 54 patients (63%) had advanced stage (TNM stage III or IV) disease. Curative treatment by surgical resection was performed in 23 patients (27%).ResultsOverall survival was significantly better in patients with curative treatment (1‐year: 85%; 2‐year: 63%; 3‐year: 55%) than those with palliative treatment (1‐year: 11%; 2‐year: 3%; 3‐year: 0%; P < 0.01). Using Cox regression model, curative treatment was the only independent prognostic factor affecting overall survival of patients with carcinoma of gallbladder. A significantly better survival was associated with curative treatment compared with palliative treatment in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer. The median survival was 33.9 months for the curative treatment group versus 3 months for the palliative treatment group (P = 0.0001).ConclusionFavorable survival outcome can be achieved in patients with carcinoma of gallbladder after curative resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:156–164. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical outcome of parosteal osteosarcoma
Authors: Han Ilkyu , Oh Joo Han , Na Yeong Gon , Moon Kyung Chul , Kim Han‐Soo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundParosteal osteosarcoma is a rare type of osteosarcoma with distinct characteristics. Clinical outcome of 21 patients was analyzed to assess the predictive relevance of surgical margin, intramedullary tumor extension and histologic grade.MethodsThere were 5 mens and 16 womens with an average age of 26 years. Average follow‐up was 9.1 years (range 2.5–22.1). Most common sites were distal femur (15) and proximal humerus (2). No patient presented with metastasis. Surgical margin was wide in 13 and marginal in 8. Intramedullary extension was seen in 10 patients (48%). Focal high‐grade 2 and 3 tumors were seen in 11 (52%) and 3 (14%) patients respectively.ResultsTwenty patients (95%) were alive without disease. Two (10%) had relapse, one with local recurrence and another with local recurrence and lung metastasis. Of eight marginal procedures performed, 2 turned out to have histologically tumor‐positive margins, both of whom later developed relapses. All patients with histologically negative margins remained disease‐free. Presence of intramedullary extension and focal high‐grade tumor was not significantly associated with relapse.ConclusionsA marginal but histologically negative margin of excision appears adequate for parosteal osteosarcoma. However, long‐term follow‐up is warranted for monitoring of rare incidences of local recurrences or distant metastases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:146–149. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Broadband THz emission from gas plasmas induced by femtosecond optical pulses: From fundamentals to applications
Authors: Roskos H.G. , Thomson M.D. , Kreß M. , Löffler T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe review the generation of broadband THz radiation from femtosecond photo‐induced gas plasmas, with an emphasis on the highly efficient “AC‐bias” case where the plasma is generated and driven by a superposition of fundamental and second‐harmonic optical fields. The dependence on experimental parameters such as pulse energy, air pressure, polarization and focusing are presented, and compared to the predictions from semi‐quantitative models for the THz generation process, namely (i) a microscopic photocurrent model and (ii) a four‐wave mixing model. We also employ these models to the case of few‐cycle pulses, where the observed THz emission is related directly to the carrier‐envelope phase of the pulses, and hence provides a mechanism with which to measure this phase.}
ESR/DFT study of bis‐iminophosphorane cation radicals
Authors: Matni Adil , Boubekeur Leila , Grosshans Philippe , Mézailles Nicolas , Bernardinelli Gérald , Le Floch Pascal , Geoffroy Michel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBis‐iminophosphoranes containing various types of linkers between two R3PN moieties were electrochemically oxidized at controlled potential in situ in the electron spin resonance (ESR) cavity. For linkers constituted of phenylenes, conjugated phenylenes or merely a dicyanoethylenic bond, this oxidation led to well‐resolved ESR spectra which were characterized by their g values and by their 1H, 14N and 31P isotropic hyperfine constants. These coupling constants agree with those calculated by DFT for the corresponding cation radicals. Experimental and theoretical results clearly indicate that in these species the unpaired electron is mostly delocalized on the bridge and on the nitrogen atoms while the spin density on the phosphorus atoms is particularly small. Cyclic voltammetry and ESR spectra show that the nature of the bridge between the two iminophosphoranes considerably influences the oxidation potential of the compound as well as the stability of the radical cation. Information about the conformation of the precursor containing two Ph3PN moieties separated by a C(CN)C(CN)group was obtained from its crystal structure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
17O NMR investigation of phosphite hydrolysis mechanisms
Authors: McIntyre Sarah K. , Alam Todd M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe use of solution 17O NMR spectroscopy in verifying the mechanism of trialkyl phosphite hydrolysis is presented. Trimethyl phosphite was reacted with 17O‐labeled H2O at different temperatures and two reactant concentrations, with the reaction being monitored by 17O NMR. Kinetic details elucidated from the NMR spectra are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.