bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spread complexity for measurement-induced non-unitary dynamics and Zeno effect
Authors: Bhattacharya Aranya , Das Rathindra Nath , Dey Bidyut , Erdmenger Johanna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Using spread complexity and spread entropy, we study non-unitary quantum dynamics. For non-hermitian Hamiltonians, we extend the bi-Lanczos construction for the Krylov basis to the Schrödinger picture. Moreover, we implement an algorithm adapted to complex symmetric Hamiltonians. This reduces the computational memory requirements by half compared to the bi-Lanczos construction. We apply this construction to the one-dimensional tight-binding Hamiltonian subject to repeated measurements at fixed small time intervals, resulting in effective non-unitary dynamics. We find that the spread complexity initially grows with time, followed by an extended decay period and saturation. The choice of initial state determines the saturation value of complexity and entropy. In analogy to measurement-induced phase transitions, we consider a quench between hermitian and non-hermitian Hamiltonian evolution induced by turning on regular measurements at different frequencies. We find that as a function of the measurement frequency, the time at which the spread complexity starts growing increases. This time asymptotes to infinity when the time gap between measurements is taken to zero, indicating the onset of the quantum Zeno effect, according to which measurements impede time evolution.
Propagation of anisotropic Gabor singularities for Schrödinger type equations
Authors: Cappiello Marco , Rodino Luigi , Wahlberg Patrik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe show results on propagation of anisotropic Gabor wave front sets for solutions to a class of evolution equations of Schrödinger type. The Hamiltonian is assumed to have a real-valued principal symbol with the anisotropic homogeneity $$a(\lambda x, \lambda ^\sigma \xi ) = \lambda ^{1+\sigma } a(x,\xi )$$

a

(
λ
x
,

λ
σ

ξ
)

=

λ

1
+
σ

a

(
x
,
ξ
)

for $$\lambda > 0$$

λ
>
0

where $$\sigma > 0$$

σ
>
0

is a rational anisotropy parameter. We prove that the propagator is continuous on anisotropic Shubin–Sobolev spaces. The main result says that the propagation of the anisotropic Gabor wave front set follows the Hamilton flow of the principal symbol.
Accuracy between prehospital and hospital diagnosis in helicopter emergency medical services and its consequences for trauma care
Authors: Müller Martin , Hautz Wolf , Louma Yves , Knapp Jürgen , Schnüriger Beat , Simmen Hans-Peter , Pietsch Urs , Jakob Dominik A. ,   the Swiss Trauma Board
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
For optimal prehospital trauma care, it is essential to adequately recognize potential life-threatening injuries in order to correctly triage patients and to initiate life-saving measures. The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of prehospital diagnoses suspected by helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS).

Methods
This retrospective multicenter study included patients from the Swiss Trauma Registry with ISS ≥ 16 or AIS head ≥ 3 transported by Switzerland’s largest HEMS and subsequently admitted to one of twelve Swiss trauma centers from 01/2020 to 12/2020. The primary outcome was the comparison of injuries suspected prehospital with the final diagnoses obtained at the hospital using the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) per body region. As secondary outcomes, prehospital interventions were compared to corresponding relevant diagnoses.

Results
Relevant head trauma was the most commonly injured body region and was identified in 96.3% (95% CI: 92.1%; 98.6%) of the cases prehospital. Relevant injuries to the chest, abdomen, and pelvis were also common but less often identified prehospital [62.7% (95% CI: 54.2%; 70.6%), 45.5% (95% CI: 30.4%; 61.2%), and 61.5% (95% CI: 44.6%; 76.6%)]. Overall, 7 of 95 (7.4%) patients with pneumothorax received a chest decompression and in 22 of 39 (56.4%) patients with an instable pelvic fracture a pelvic binder was applied prehospital.

Conclusion
Approximately half of severe chest, abdominal, and pelvic diagnoses made in hospital went undetected in the challenging prehospital environment. This underlines the difficult circumstances faced by the rescue teams. Potentially life-saving interventions such as prehospital chest decompression and increased use of a pelvic binder were identified as potential improvements to prehospital care.
Relative Impacts of Sea Ice Loss and Atmospheric Internal Variability on the Winter Arctic to East Asian Surface Air Temperature Based on Large-Ensemble Simulations with NorESM2
Authors: He Shengping , Drange Helge , Furevik Tore , Wang Huijun , Fan Ke , Graff Lise Seland , Orsolini Yvan J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo quantify the relative contributions of Arctic sea ice and unforced atmospheric internal variability to the “warm Arctic, cold East Asia” (WACE) teleconnection, this study analyses three sets of large-ensemble simulations carried out by the Norwegian Earth System Model with a coupled atmosphere–land surface model, forced by seasonal sea ice conditions from preindustrial, present-day, and future periods. Each ensemble member within the same set uses the same forcing but with small perturbations to the atmospheric initial state. Hence, the difference between the present-day (or future) ensemble mean and the preindustrial ensemble mean provides the ice-loss-induced response, while the difference of the individual members within the present-day (or future) set is the effect of atmospheric internal variability. Results indicate that both present-day and future sea ice loss can force a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation with a WACE pattern in winter. The magnitude of ice-induced Arctic warming is over four (ten) times larger than the ice-induced East Asian cooling in the present-day (future) experiment; the latter having a magnitude that is about 30% of the observed cooling. Sea ice loss contributes about 60% (80%) to the Arctic winter warming in the present-day (future) experiment. Atmospheric internal variability can also induce a WACE pattern with comparable magnitudes between the Arctic and East Asia. Ice-loss-induced East Asian cooling can easily be masked by atmospheric internal variability effects because random atmospheric internal variability may induce a larger magnitude warming. The observed WACE pattern occurs as a result of both Arctic sea ice loss and atmospheric internal variability, with the former dominating Arctic warming and the latter dominating East Asian cooling.
Drivers and recent trends of hospitalisation costs related to acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Mohr Katharina , Hobohm Lukas , Kaier Klaus , Farmakis Ioannis T. , Valerio Luca , Barco Stefano , Abele Christina , Münzel Thomas , Neusius Thomas , Konstantinides Stavros , Binder Harald , Keller Karsten 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
The socio-economic burden imposed by acute pulmonary embolism (PE) on European healthcare systems is largely unknown. We sought to determine temporal trends and identify cost drivers of hospitalisation for PE in Germany.

Methods and results
We analysed the totality of reimbursed hospitalisation costs in Germany (G-DRG system) in the years 2016–2020. Overall, 484 884 PE hospitalisations were coded in this period. Direct hospital costs amounted to a median of 3572 (IQR, 2804 to 5869) euros, resulting in average total reimbursements of 710 million euros annually. Age, PE severity, comorbidities and in-hospital (particularly bleeding) complications were identified by multivariable logistic regression as significant cost drivers. Use of catheter-directed therapy (CDT) constantly increased (annual change in the absolute proportion of hospitalisations with CDT + 0.40% [95% CI + 0.32% to + 0.47%]; P < 0.001), and it more than doubled in the group of patients with severe PE (28% of the entire population) over time. Although CDT use was overall associated with increased hospitalisation costs, this association was no longer present (adjusted OR 1.02 [0.80–1.31]) in patients with severe PE and shock; this was related, at least in part, to a reduction in the median length of hospital stay (for 14.0 to 8.0 days).

Conclusions
We identified current and emerging cost drivers of hospitalisation for PE, focusing on severe disease and intermediate/high risk of an adverse early outcome. The present study may inform reimbursement decisions by policymakers and help to guide future health economic analysis of advanced treatment options for patients with PE.

Graphical Abstract
The equivalence of Heegaard Floer homology and embedded contact homology via open book decompositions I
Authors: Colin Vincent , Ghiggini Paolo , Honda Ko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven an open book decomposition $(S,\mathfrak{h} )$
(
S
,
h
)
adapted to a closed, oriented 3-manifold $M$
M
, we define a chain map $\Phi $
Φ
from a certain Heegaard Floer chain complex associated to $(S,\mathfrak{h} )$
(
S
,
h
)
to a certain embedded contact homology chain complex associated to $(S,\mathfrak{h} )$
(
S
,
h
)
, as defined in (Colin et al. in Geom. Topol., 2024), and prove that it induces an isomorphism on the level of homology. This implies the isomorphism between the hat version of Heegaard Floer homology of $-M$
−
M
and the hat version of embedded contact homology of $M$
M
.
Microglia in retinal angiogenesis and diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Hu Aiyan , Schmidt Mirko H. H. , Heinig Nora 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy has a high probability of causing visual impairment or blindness throughout the disease progression and is characterized by the growth of new blood vessels in the retina at an advanced, proliferative stage. Microglia are a resident immune population in the central nervous system, known to play a crucial role in regulating retinal angiogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions, including diabetic retinopathy. Physiologically, they are located close to blood vessels and are essential for forming new blood vessels (neovascularization). In diabetic retinopathy, microglia become widely activated, showing a distinct polarization phenotype that leads to their accumulation around neovascular tufts. These activated microglia induce pathogenic angiogenesis through the secretion of various angiogenic factors and by regulating the status of endothelial cells. Interestingly, some subtypes of microglia simultaneously promote the regression of neovascularization tufts and normal angiogenesis in neovascularization lesions. Modulating the state of microglial activation to ameliorate neovascularization thus appears as a promising potential therapeutic approach for managing diabetic retinopathy.
Graphical abstract
Game design elements of serious games in the education of medical and healthcare professions: a mixed-methods systematic review of underlying theories and teaching effectiveness
Authors: Aster Alexandra , Laupichler Matthias Carl , Zimmer Saskia , Raupach Tobias 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSerious games, as a learning resource, enhance their game character by embedding game design elements that are typically used in entertainment games. Serious games in its entirety have already proven their teaching effectiveness in different educational contexts including medical education. The embedded game design elements play an essential role for a game’s effectiveness and thus they should be selected based on evidence-based theories. For game design elements embedded in serious games used for the education of medical and healthcare professions, an overview of theories for the selection lacks. Additionally, it is still unclear whether and how single game design elements affect the learning effectiveness. Therefore, the main aim of this systematic review is threefold. Firstly, light will be shed on the single game design elements used in serious games in this area. Second, the game design elements’ underlying theories will be worked out, and third, the game design elements’ effectiveness on student learning outcome will be assessed. Two literature searches were conducted in November 2021 and May 2022 in six literature databases with keywords covering the fields of educational game design, serious game, and medical education. Out of 1006 initial records, 91 were included after applying predefined exclusion criteria. Data analysis revealed that the three most common game design elements were points, storyline, and feedback. Only four underlying theories were mentioned, and no study evaluated specific game design elements. Since game design elements should be based on theories to ensure meaningful evaluations, the conceptual GATE framework is introduced, which facilitates the selection of evidence-based game design elements for serious games.
Describing Non-Binary People’s Encounters with the Healthcare System: A Qualitative Study in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Gómez-Ibáñez Rebeca , Leyva-Moral Juan M. , Cruzado-Reyes Alexander , Platero Lucas R. , Granel Nina , Watson Carolina E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNon-binary people face numerous stressors in their daily lives, including personal, interpersonal, and environmental. These stressors gain strength when such individuals access healthcare services, and discrimination and cisgenderism become the main barrier to obtaining gender-affirming healthcare. This study aimed to describe the experiences of non-binary people regarding the care and medical attention received in Catalonia (Spain). A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted with 21 non-binary people recruited using snowball sampling in 2022. Data were gathered through open-ended interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Two main themes were identified, which were further classified into two categories each: Theme 1—This is me composed of the categories, “My Name and My Pronouns” and “One’s Chosen Gender,” and Theme 2—I do not exist for the health system consisting of “Uneducated Health System in Sexual Health” and “Feeling Like an Outsider for Being Non-Binary.” Non-binary people face multiple stressors when accessing the healthcare services that makes them feel invisible, vulnerable, and marginalized. Further widespread implementation of person-centered care is essential to promote the relationship between non-binary people and the healthcare system. In addition, further sexual health training is required for all health professionals.
Puberty Suppression for Pediatric Gender Dysphoria and the Child’s Right to an Open Future
Authors: Jorgensen Sarah C. J. , Athéa Nicole , Masson Céline 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this essay, we consider the clinical and ethical implications of puberty blockers for pediatric gender dysphoria through the lens of “the child’s right to an open future,” which refers to rights that children do not have the capacity to exercise as minors, but that must be protected, so they can exercise them in the future as autonomous adults. We contrast the open future principle with the beliefs underpinning the gender affirming care model and discuss implications for consent. We evaluate claims that puberty blockers are reversible, discuss the scientific uncertainty about long-term benefits and harms, summarize international developments, and examine how suicide has been used to frame puberty suppression as a medically necessary, lifesaving treatment. In discussing these issues, we include relevant empirical evidence and raise questions for clinicians and researchers. We conclude that treatment pathways that delay decisions about medical transition until the child has had the chance to grow and mature into an autonomous adulthood would be most consistent with the open future principle.
Early detection of rare and elusive endangered species using environmental DNA: a case study for the Eurasian otter and the white-clawed crayfish in northwestern Italy
Authors: Ballini Lorenzo , Ottonello Dario , Repetto Valentina , Natali Chiara , Chini Giacomo , Tolve Livia , Ciofi Claudio , Fratini Sara , Iannucci Alessio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMonitoring, management and conservation of rare and elusive species often requires early detection of individuals, especially for re-introduced and endangered taxa. Environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches can enhance the detection power of traditional biomonitoring methods for low-density, newly-established populations. In this study, we used species-specific Real Time PCR TaqMan assays to assess the presence of two endangered freshwater species, the white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes and the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra at eight sites in four river catchments in Liguria (northwestern Italy). The Eurasian otter was considered extinct in the study area since the 1980s. However, recent, although scattered sightings indicated a recolonisation by a few individuals. The white-clawed crayfish populations declined drastically and became increasingly dispersed in the western part of Liguria. Our eDNA analysis confirmed the presence of both species in some of the selected rivers and detected Eurasian otter DNA where the species was not recorded through traditional monitoring methods. This study confirms eDNA-based monitoring approaches as valuable tools to assess the presence of rare and elusive species and help implement protection plans at a local scale.
Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Mats (CyanoHAMs) in tropical rivers of central Mexico and their potential risks through toxin production
Authors: Caro-Borrero Angela , Márquez-Santamaria Kenia , Carmona-Jiménez Javier , Becerra-Absalón Itzel , Perona Elvira 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCyanobacteria inhabiting lotic environments have been poorly studied and characterized in Mexico, despite their potential risks from cyanotoxin production. This article aims to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the importance of benthic cyanobacteria as potential cyanotoxin producers in central Mexican rivers through: (i) the taxonomic identification of cyanobacteria found in these rivers, (ii) the environmental characterization of their habitats, and (iii) testing for the presence of toxin producing genes in the encountered taxa. Additionally, we introduce and discuss the use of the term “CyanoHAMs” for lotic water environments. Populations of cyanobacteria were collected from ten mountain rivers and identified using molecular techniques. Subsequently, these taxa were evaluated for genes producing anatoxins and microcystins via PCR. Through RDA analyses, the collected cyanobacteria were grouped into one of three categories based on their environmental preferences for the following: (1) waters with high ionic concentrations, (2) cold-temperate waters, or (3) waters with high nutrient enrichment. Populations from six locations were identified to genus level: Ancylothrix sp., Cyanoplacoma sp., and Oxynema sp. The latter was found to contain the gene that produces anatoxins and microcystins in siliceous rivers, while Oxynema tested positive for the gene that produces microcystins in calcareous rivers. Our results suggest that eutrophic environments are not necessarily required for toxin-producing cyanobacteria. Our records of Compactonostoc, Oxynema, and Ancylothrix represent the first for Mexico. Four taxa were identified to species level: Wilmottia aff. murrayi, Nostoc tlalocii, Nostoc montejanii, and Dichothrix aff. willei, with only the first testing positive using PCR for anatoxin and microcystin-producing genes in siliceous rivers. Due to the differences between benthic growths with respect to planktonic ones, we propose the adoption of the term Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Mats (CyanoHAMs) as a more precise descriptor for future studies.
Individualistic Versus Relational Ethics – A Contestable Concept for (African) Philosophy
Authors: Andanda Pamela , Düwell Marcus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThaddeus Metz, in his book “A Relational Moral Theory” compares the relational African view to Western theories of right action with a focus on Kant (respective contemporary Kantianism) and Utilitarianism. In focussing on the opposition between a relational and an individualistic view, Metz questions the interpretation of basic normative assumptions that are guiding central Western moral and political institutions. He particularly focusses on Kantian and Utilitarian approaches to which he ascribes substantive moral assumptions in terms of utility respective autonomy. In this paper, we reconstruct Metz’s position on the opposition between a relational and an individualistic view on ethics. We then investigate whether his relational conceptualisation is a convincing reconstruction of African views and question his take on Western positions, focussing in particular on views around individual rights and communality as presented in the Kantian tradition. We highlight the value of ubuntu in intercultural discourse to foster ethical and moral reasoning in a holistic way and conclude that any reflection on ethics necessarily involves an understanding of our common human nature, which is at the core of philosophical anthropology.
Caregivers of Children with Special Healthcare Needs: A Quantitative Examination of Work-Family Culture, Caregiver Burden, and Work-Life Balance
Authors: Stevens Emily K. , Aziz Shahnaz , Wuensch Karl L. , Walcott Christy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between organizational work-family culture, caregiver burden, and work-life balance among employed caregivers of children with special healthcare needs. The potential moderating role of organizational work-family culture in the relationship between caregiver burden and work-life balance was also investigated. Using convenience sampling, data were collected from 150 primary caregivers who work or recently worked in the past three months and have at least one child with a special healthcare need. Participants completed an online survey. Findings revealed increasing caregiver burden was related to lower work-life balance, while organizational work-family culture was positively related to it. Organizational work-family culture, and two of its three facets (i.e., managerial support and time demands), were significant moderators, but only before COVID-19. Future researchers could focus on underrepresented groups and communities, examine organizational work-family culture in various industries, and improve work-life balance during social and economic downturns. With increases in dual earner and single parent households, employers should consider how their culture supports employees with households with a child with special healthcare needs. This is the first study to apply organizational work-family culture to employed caregivers with a child with special healthcare needs and test it as a moderator of the relationship between caregiver burden and work-life balance.