bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of 3 successive generations of specified-pathogen-free chickens maintained as a closed flock
Authors: Furuta Kenji , Ohashi Hitoshi , Obana Jitsuo , Sato Shizuo 
Published: June 2007

No antibodies against Salmonella pullorum, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Haemophilus gallinarum, fowl pox virus, Marek's disease virus, herpes virus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian leukosis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and Newcastle disease virus were detectable in the sera obtained from these chickens in 3 generations at various ages. Antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus were detected in the sera of the 3rd generations at 66, 74 and 108 weeks of age. The performance of these chickens was nearly the same as that of conventional healthy chickens in the poultry industry, with no tendency to decline.
Akodon molinae (Rodentia Cricetidae), a new laboratory animal: breeding, management and reproductive performance
Authors: Merani Maria Susana , Lizarralde Marta Susana 
Published: June 2007

Akodon molinae, a vole mouse widely distributed in central Argentina, shows remarkable chromosome polymorphisms. It is one of the natural reservoirs of the actiologic agent of haemorrhagic fever, and a laboratory colony could be of great help in investigating this disease. Pregnancy lasted 23 (range 21-25) days. Litters of 4-5 young were born to monogamous breeding pairs about every 30 days, with weaning at 26 days post partum. The sex ratio at birth was 505 males to 500 females: at weaning it was 460 to 440. Sexual maturity was attained at about 16 weeks of age in males and 12-20 weeks in females. Akodon molinae is easy to handle, but fighting and killing or neglect of young are problems.
An Exact Algorithm for Higher-Dimensional Orthogonal Packing
Authors: Fekete Sándor P. , Schepers Jörg , van der Veen Jan C. 
Published: June 2007

Higher-dimensional orthogonal packing problems have a wide range of practical applications, including packing, cutting, and scheduling. Combining the use of our data structure for characterizing feasible packings with our new classes of lower bounds, and other heuristics, we develop a two-level tree search algorithm for solving higher-dimensional packing problems to optimality. Computational results are reported, including optimal solutions for all two-dimensional test problems from recent literature. This is the third in a series of articles describing new approaches to higher-dimensional packing.
Dynamic Pricing Strategies with Reference Effects
Authors: Popescu Ioana , Wu Yaozhong 
Published: June 2007

We consider the dynamic pricing problem of a monopolist firm in a market with repeated interactions, where demand is sensitive to the firm’s pricing history. Consumers have memory and are prone to human decision-making biases and cognitive limitations. As the firm manipulates prices, consumers form a reference price that adjusts as an anchoring standard based on price perceptions. Purchase decisions are made by assessing prices as discounts or surcharges relative to the reference price in the spirit of prospect theory. We prove that optimal pricing policies induce a perception of monotonic prices, whereby consumers always perceive a discount, respectively surcharge, relative to their expectations. The effect is that of a skimming or penetration strategy. The firm’s optimal pricing path is monotonic on the long run, but not necessarily at the introductory stage. If consumers are loss averse, we show that optimal prices converge to a constant steady-state price, characterized by a simple implicit equation; otherwise, the optimal policy cycles. The range of steady states is wider the more loss averse consumers are. Steady-state prices decrease with the strength of the reference effect and with customers’ memory, all else equal. Offering lower prices to frequent customers may be suboptimal, however, if these are less sensitive to price changes than occasional buyers. If managers ignore such long-term implications of their pricing strategy, the model indicates that they will systematically price too low and lose revenue. Our results hold under very general reference dependent demand models.
Parents grieving the loss of their child: Interdependence in coping
Authors: Meij Leoniek Wijngaards‐de. , Stroebe Margaret. , Schut Henk. , Stroebe Wolfgang. , van den Bout Jan. , Heijden Peter G. M. , Dijkstra Iris. 
Published: June 2007

ObjectivesA longitudinal study was conducted among bereaved parents, to examine the relationship between parents' own and their partners' ways of coping in terms of the constructs loss‐orientation and restoration‐orientation (coping strategies based on the bereavement‐specific Dual Process Model (Stroebe & Schut, 1999)), and psychological adjustment following the death of their child.Method219 couples participated at 6, 13 and 20 months post‐loss. Use of the Actor Partner Interdependence Model within multi‐level regression analyses enabled assessment of both actor as well as partner effects, and permitted differentiating these effects according to the gender of the parent.ResultsLoss‐orientation was predictive of negative psychological adjustment, while restoration‐orientation was related to better adjustment. Furthermore, high levels of restoration‐oriented coping buffered the negative effect of high levels of loss‐orientation on depression. In the interpersonal context, results indicated that for men, having a female partner high in restoration‐oriented coping was related to positive adjustment.ConclusionIn coping with the loss of their child, intra‐personal as well as interpersonal processes are relevant for the adjustment process of parents after the loss of their child.
Self‐evaluative emotions and expectations about self‐evaluative emotions in health‐behaviour change
Authors: Dijkstra Arie , Buunk Abraham P. 
Published: June 2007

Engaging in a behaviour that has negative physical consequences is considered to be a threat to the self because it makes the self appear inadequate and non‐adaptive. This self‐threat is experienced as self‐evaluative emotions. The self‐threat can be removed by refraining from the unhealthy behaviour. The experience of self‐threat influences behaviour because it contributes to expectations about the occurrence of self‐evaluative emotions in the case of behaviour change.The results of Study 1, conducted among 503 smokers, showed that self‐evaluative emotions were the central predictor of quitting activity during a 7‐month period, among measures related to the negative consequences of smoking. The results of Study 2, conducted among 409 smokers, showed that expectations about the self‐evaluative emotions that follow quitting smoking predicted quitting activity during a 9‐month period and that these expectations partly mediated the relation between self‐evaluative emotions and quitting. The results of Study 3, conducted among 255 smokers, showed that information on the negative outcomes of smoking led to quitting activity only when there was room to change self‐evaluative outcome expectations. In addition, increases in these expectations predicted quitting activity during a 6‐month period.The results suggest that negative self‐evaluative emotions are a central motive to change unhealthy behaviour and that self‐evaluative outcome expectations govern the behaviour change. The results can be understood within Steele's (1999) Self‐affirmation theory.
Perceived control predicting the recovery of individual‐specific walking behaviours following stroke: Testing psychological models and constructs
Authors: Bonetti D. , Johnston M. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives Perceived control predicts activity limitations, but there are many control belief concepts and how these are defined and measured has implications for intervention design. This study examined whether individual‐specific activity limitations and recovery were predicted by theoretically derived control conceptualizations, the Theory of Planned Behaviour and an integrated model (Theory of Planned Behaviour with the World Health Organization ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) model).Design This predictive cohort study used measures of impairment, intention and perceived control (perceived behavioural control, Theory of Planned Behaviour; self‐efficacy, Social Cognitive Theory; locus of control, Social Learning Theory), assessed 2 weeks after hospital discharge, to predict walking limitation (UK SIP: FLP) and recovery after 6 months. Theoretically derived items were individually tailored for patients' baseline walking limitation.Participants Two hundred and three stroke patients (124 men and 79 women; mean age=68.88, SD = 12.31 years)Results Walking limitation and walking recovery (respectively) were predicted by perceived behavioural control (r = −.36**, .26**) and self‐efficacy (r = −.30**, .22**), but not locus of control (r = −.07, .02). Both theoretical models accounted for significant variance in walking limitation and recovery – but not beyond that explained by perceived behavioural control. Predictive power was not improved by modifying the control component or by including impairment in regression equations.Conclusions Results suggest that perceived control predicts individual‐specific disability and recovery and that reductions in activity limitations may be achieved by manipulating control cognitions. In addition, reducing impairments may not have maximal effect on reducing disability unless beliefs about control over performing the behaviour are also influenced.
Exploring the relationships among early maladaptive schemas, psychological mindedness and self‐reported college adjustment
Authors: Cecero John J. , Beitel Mark , Prout Tracy 
Published: June 2007

Objectives. The primary aim of this research was to study the statistical effects of psychological mindedness (PM) upon the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and self‐reported college adjustment.Design. A cross‐sectional design was employed to assess correlations among study variables and to assess the role of PM as moderator or mediator in the relationship between EMS and adjustment.Methods. Into this study, 264 undergraduate students were recruited in partial fulfilment of research requirements in introductory psychology class. Participants completed the Young Schema Questionnaire, the Psychological Mindedness Scale and the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire.Results. At the level of bivariate correlations, EMS were inversely associated with college adjustment and with PM, and PM was positively associated with adjustment. In a multiple regression equation with PM and EMS entered separately and then as an interaction term as predictors of adjustment, PM was not a significant moderator. However, in a path analysis, the indirect effect of EMS on adjustment through PM was significant, suggesting that PM is a significant mediator.Conclusions. These findings suggest that the assessment of EMS and PM may enhance an understanding of problems with college adjustment and that interventions to reduce the negative effects of EMS may indeed benefit from efforts to improve PM and its correlates.
Chemical parameters influencing fine-tuning in the binding of macrolide antibiotics to the ribosomal tunnel
Authors: Pyetan Erez , Baram David , Auerbach-Nevo Tamar , Yonath Ada 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In comparison to existing structural, biochemical, and therapeutical data, the crystal structures of large ribosomal subunit from the eubacterial pathogen model Deinococcus radiodurans in complex with the 14-membered macrolides erythromycylamine, RU69874, and the 16-membered macrolide josamycin, highlighted the similarities and differences in macrolides binding to the ribosomal tunnel. The three compounds occupy the macrolide binding pocket with their desosamine or mycaminose aminosugar, the C4-C7 edge of the macrolactone ring and the cladinose sugar sharing similar positions and orientations, although the latter, known to be unnecessary for antibiotic activity, displays fewer contacts. The macrolactone ring displays altogether few contacts with the ribosome and can, therefore, tilt in order to optimize its interaction with the 23S rRNA. In addition to their contacts with nucleotides of domain V of the 23S RNA, erythromycylamine and RU69874 interact with domain II nucleotide U790, and RU69874 also reaches van der Waals distance from A752, in a fashion similar to that observed for the ketolides telithromycin and cethromycin. The variability in the sequences and consequently the diversity of the conformations of macrolide binding pockets in various bacterial species can explain the drug's altered level of effectiveness on different organisms and is thus an important factor in structure-based drug design.
Physical origin of chemical phenomena: Interpretation of acidity, basicity, and hydride affinity by trichotomy paradigm
Authors: Maksić Zvonimir B. , Vianello Robert 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSome of the most important aspects of modeling in chemistry are discussed in detail. It is argued that the interpretive side of (quantum) chemistry is indispensable, since it gives sense to a myriad of experimental and computational results. The usefulness of some physical modeling is illustrated by the trichotomy approach in rationalizing acidity, basicity, and hydride affinities of neutral organic compounds. According to trichotomy paradigm, the simple chemical reaction of protonation and H-attachment can be decomposed into three separate sequential steps, which in turn mirror the initial-, intermediate-, and final-state effects. Ample evidence is given, which convincingly shows that the trichotomy approach has some distinct advantages in interpreting aforementioned properties that belong to the most important ones in chemistry and biochemistry.
Addition reactions of E-E and E-H bonds to triple bond of alkynes catalyzed by Pd, Pt, and Ni complexes (E=S, Se)
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The synthetic application and mechanistic aspects of transition-metal (Ni, Pd, Pt) catalyzed addition of E-E and E-H (E=S, Se) bonds to alkynes were investigated in detail. This study revealed major factors controlling the selectivity of such addition reactions. A new Ni-based catalytic system with a self-organized nanostructured catalyst has been designed to perform chemical transformation in high yield, under mild conditions.
De novo design approach based on nanorecognition toward development of functional molecules/materials and nanosensors/nanodevices
Authors: Singh N. Jiten , Lee Han Myoung , Suh Seung Bum , Kim Kwang S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFor the design of functional molecules and nanodevices, it is very useful to utilize nanorecognition (which is governed mainly by interaction forces such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interaction, π-H/π-π interactions, and metallic interactions) and nanodynamics (involving capture, transport, and release of electrons, photons, or protons). The manifestation of these interaction forces has led us to the design and realization of diverse ionophores/receptors, organic nanotubes, nanowires, molecular mechanical devices, molecular switches, enzyme mimetics, protein folding/unfolding, etc. In this review, we begin with a brief discussion of the interaction forces, followed by some of our representative applications. We discuss ionophores with chemo-sensing capability for biologically important cations and anions and explain how the understanding of hydrogen bonding and π-interactions has led to the design of self-assembled nanotubes from calix[4]hydroquinone (CHQ). The binding study of neutral and cationic transition metals with the redox system of hydroquinone (HQ) and quinone (Q) predicts what kind of nanostructures would form. Finally, we look into the conformational changes between stacked and edge-to-face conformers in π-benzoquinone-benzene complexes controlled by alternating electrochemical potential. The resulting flapping motion illustrates a promising pathway toward the design of mobile nanomechanical devices.
Synthesis, structure, and complexing properties of macrocyclic receptors for anions
Authors: Chmielewski Michał J. , Zieliński Tomasz , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Understanding of structure-affinity relationships is crucial for rational receptor design, however, such studies for anion receptors are still limited. Therefore, we investigated this issue in the case of amide-based macrocyclic receptors derived from aromatic diacids (i.e., isophthalic and dipicolinic). Using these model compounds, we examined the macrocyclic effect, the influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and the correlation between the ring size and anion affinity. We found that in contrast to what was known for acyclic diamides, macrocyclic isophthalamide receptors bind anions more weakly than their dipicolinic analogs. Comprehensive structural studies revealed that such behavior is due to intramolecular hydrogen bonds present in isophthalamide receptors. Furthermore, we demonstrated how this obstacle can be overcome by the preparation of a hybrid macrocycle based on both building blocks.
Microemulsions as microreactors in physical organic chemistry
Authors: García-Río Luis , Leis J. Ramon , Mejuto Juan Carlos , Pérez-Lorenzo Moisés 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Microemulsions are very versatile reaction media which nowadays find many applications, ranging from nanoparticle templating to preparative organic chemistry. The thermodynamically stable and microheterogeneous nature of microemulsions, used as reaction media, induces drastic changes in the reagent concentrations, and this can be specifically used for tuning the reaction rates. In particular, amphiphilic organic molecules can accumulate and orient at the oil-water interface, inducing regiospecificity in organic reactions. In this review, we will show the recent tendencies of the use of microemulsions as organic reaction media.
Silicon rehybridization and molecular rearrangements in hypercoordinate silicon dichelates
Authors: Kost Daniel , Gostevskii Boris , Kalikhman Inna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHydrazide-based hypercoordinate silicon dichelates are remarkably flexible in terms of geometry and reactivity: this paper demonstrates how rather subtle constitutional changes result in dramatic geometrical and reactivity changes. A change of ligand-donor group from NMe2to N=CMe2changes the solid-state geometry from bicapped tetrahedral to octahedral. These two geometries are shown to coexist in solution in dynamic equilibrium. Hexacoordinate complexes are shown to dissociate to pentacoordinate compounds in two distinct ways: ionic or neutral, depending on substitution. Hexacoordinate dichelates with imino-donor groups undergo a skeletal rearrangement (intramolecular aldol-type condensation of imines), catalyzed by their dissociated halide counterions. However, even in the absence of counterions, silacyclobutane dichelates undergo a similar rearrangement.
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Predicts 5-Year Cardiac Mortality Independently of Established Risk Factors and Adds Prognostic Information in Patients with Low and Medium High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study)
Authors: Winkler Karl , Hoffmann Michael M , Winkelmann Bernhard R , Friedrich Isolde , Schäfer Günther , Seelhorst Ursula , Wellnitz Britta , Wieland Heinrich , Boehm Bernhard O , März Winfried 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Background: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2), also denoted as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, is a lipoprotein-bound enzyme involved in inflammation and atherosclerosis. In this cohort study we investigated LpPLA2 activity to predict cardiac mortality in patients scheduled for coronary angiography.
Methods: LpPLA2 activity was determined in 2513 patients with and in 719 patients without angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD).
Results: During the median observation period of 5.5 years, 501 patients died. In patients with tertiles of LpPLA2 activity of 420–509 U/L or ≥510 U/L, unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiac death were 1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.4; P = 0.001), and 1.9 (95% CI 1.4–2.5; P &lt;0.001), respectively, compared with patients with LpPLA2 activity ≤419 U/L. After we accounted for established risk factors and included angiographic CAD status, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, the 3rd tertile of LpPLA2 activity predicted cardiac 5-year mortality with an HR of 2.0 (95% CI 1.4–3.1; P = 0.001). LpPLA2 activity increased the adjusted risk for cardiac death by 2-fold in patients with hsCRP &lt;3 mg/L in the 2nd (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.2; P = 0.002) and 3rd (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.0; P = 0.02) tertiles of LpPLA2 activity and in patients with hsCRP of 3–10 mg/L in the 3rd tertile (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.6; P = 0.03) of LpPLA2 activity.
Conclusions: LpPLA2 activity predicts risk for 5-year cardiac mortality independently from established risk factors and indicates risk for cardiac death in patients with low and medium-high hsCRP concentrations. Therefore, LpPLA2 activity may provide information for the identification and management of patients at risk beyond established risk stratification strategies.
Distribution of 15 Human Kallikreins in Tissues and Biological Fluids
Authors: Shaw Julie LV , Diamandis Eleftherios P 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Kallikreins (KLKs) are a group of 15 secreted serine proteases. Some KLKs are established or candidate cancer biomarkers, but for most the physiological function is unknown. We characterized the protein and mRNA abundance patterns of all 15 KLKs in multiple panels of human tissues and biological fluids.Methods: We used sensitive and specific sandwich-type ELISAs for each KLK. Reverse transcription PCR was used for transcript amplification. Multiple panels of human tissue extracts (adult and fetal) were tested, along with various biological fluids.Results: Quantitative protein expression data on 7 sets of adult and 3 sets of fetal tissues were collected for all 15 KLKs. KLKs were also quantified in the following biological fluids: seminal plasma, breast milk, follicular fluid, breast cyst fluid, breast cancer cytosol, amniotic fluid, ovarian cancer ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, cervicovaginal fluid, and urine. The data were used to generate heat maps of KLK concentrations in tissues and fluids and categorize KLK abundance as highly restricted (KLK2 and KLK3 in prostate), restricted (KLK5 in skin, salivary gland, breast, and esophagus; KLK6 in brain and central nervous system; KLK7 in esophagus, heart, liver, and skin; KLK8 in breast, esophagus, skin, and tonsil; KLK13 in esophagus and tonsil), or wide (KLKs 1, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15).Conclusions: Quantitative KLK concentrations in tissues and fluids aid in the elucidation of KLK function, and coexpression patterns provide clues for KLK participation in proteolytic cascades.