bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Performance in the E&P Industry — 2006
Authors: Campbell J. A. , Poore W. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) has collated and published environmental performance data since 2001. This Environmental Indicator Performance programme has continued and a new set of data for activities in 2006 has been produced.
The five main indicators gathered are gaseous emissions, aqueous discharges, non-aqueous drilling fluids on drill cuttings, oil and chemical spills and energy consumption.
Performance results are presented on a global and regional basis, onshore and offshore, and normalised to hydrocarbon production. Results are shown, for ease of comparison, alongside the previous years' published results. The report will address the emerging trends in environmental performance as well as factors that underpin the data.
31 OGP member companies took part in the survey representing about a third of known world production. Contributing companies provided data from 55 countries worldwide; however regional coverage is uneven, ranging from 98% of known production in Europe to 17% in the Middle East and 5% in the Former Soviet Union.
Preparing for Implementation of New International Chemical Regulations: REACH in the European Union and CEPA 1999 in Canada
Authors: Witt Irena E. , Salamat Golchehreh 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The paper focuses on two recent significant international pieces of legislations concerning chemicals: one enacted in the European Union (EU), the other in Canada. Although independently developed, they have a common goal to approach chemicals through a comprehensive chemical management plan, rather than through fragmented pieces of previous regulations, which have proven limited in their effectiveness. A particular concern of both regulations are untested man-made chemicals, present in commerce for more than two decades without prior testing for their deleterious effects on human health and the environment. They are called "existing chemical substances".
These new regulations discussed in the paper are: a) in the EU – the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of CHemicals (REACH), in effect since June 1, 2007; and, b) in Canada – the regulation promulgated under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999, referred to as CEPA 1999, in effect since September 2005 [1,2,3,4]. The scope and the scale of influence of these regulations on international business and global chemical trade are unprecedented in the history of chemicals regulations, as further explained.
This paper describes objectives and general features of these regulations, as well as anticipated business impact. Even though the parties directly involved are chemical manufacturers and importers of chemicals, the Oil and Gas (O&G) industry will also be subject to the regulations as a downstream user* (DU), obliged to participate in the development of chemicals' management plans along the supply chain. There are two critical business aspects to be concerned with: a) Timely participation in all phases of the regulations is necessary in order to avoid additional costs; b) Access to the affected chemicals in order to ensure an uninterrupted business.
Integrated Implementation of a Management System in Qatar: An Innovative Approach towards a Sustainable Performance Excellence
Authors: Lopez Juan Carlos , Lafargue Pierre , Gaafar Ahmed , Al-Sheibani Hamed , Nazareno Roberto , Kurinsky Jerry 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The authors believe in a basic loss control principle: root causes of health, safety and environmental accidents are the same root causes of service quality nonconformities. The authors also believe that a mature management system, based on strong leadership and a bottom-up approach, is the way to achieve consistent and long-term performance improvement. This paper explains a practical example of how an oilfield services company used a management system to deliver services while achieving the long-term quality, health, safety and environmental performance expected by Corporate management and Customers.
The APPEA and NOPSA Model for Achieving Continuous Improvement in Health & Safety Performance "Working together for safety"
Authors: McGrath Tim , Schubach Simon , Bell Peter 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
APPEA, the Australian upsteam industry association, and NOPSA, the Australian offshore industry occupational health and safety regulator, work both independently and in partnership to continuously improve the safety of the Australian offshore oil and gas industry. Whilst APPEA and NOPSA use different techniques they are coordinated and provide the opportunity to review each others’ plans and performance in order to ensure that initiatives are fit for purpose, efficient and effective in achieving their objectives.
Whilst there is recognition that separately there are some limitations in NOPSA's and APPEA's influence, together they can influence other stakeholders including the workforce and contractor organisations in order to achieve much more.
Examples of working independently, in partnership, joint programmes and successes to date are presented in this paper for others to consider and implement, as appropriate.
E4W Technique: Stepping Ahead from Traditional Safety
Authors: Haag Horacio , Ritchie Rod , Wachtel Georg 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper illustrates the experience of an Oil and Gas company on its journey to meet globally accepted best health and safety practices and targets. These results were achieved in operations in a remote, underdeveloped and challenging environment.
The discussion centres on strategic efforts, in terms of management systems and leadership styles that are required to ensure the health and safety of employees, contractors and sub-contractors. Socio-culturally, the region is basically agricultural, with tribal and feudal influences, and ritualistic religious beliefs.
The majority of the population in this region is "unskilled", below the poverty line, with major illiteracy and chronic health problems. Malaria, infectious Hepatitis, kidney failure, gastroenteritis, and general water borne diseases are on the rise, and of concern to the Government and international health organizations.
The region in general has little experience of modern industrial work practices; they have survived for centuries on a subsistence agricultural lifestyle. This presents a significant challenge, when it comes to the implementation of world standard HSE systems and procedures.
Owing to their socio-cultural and economic conditions, the local people, both as individuals and collectively, live their day to day lives in a high risk environment. The consequences of these risks are far beyond the acceptability range found in developed countries.
To achieve a quantum leap in Health & Safety performance a leadership strategy for engaging, educating, enabling and empowering the workforce was introduced (e4w). The main beneficiaries of this approach were the local "unskilled" contractors, who constitute the majority of the workforce in the field.
This paper describes in detail just how OMV Pakistan, as operator of two remote gas processing plants and a large number of producing gas wells, has achieved world class HSE results using the e4w leadership approach.
Policy Options in the EU for Regulating Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Williamson David J. , Zakkour Paul 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) represents a potentially useful tool in enabling the European Union (EU) to manage its emissions of CO2 as it transitions from a fossil fuel to renewables energy strategy. There is a challenge in reducing the EU's emissions at a rate which meets the required target of a 20% reduction in emissions against the 1990 levels by 2020. The capture and injection to long-term storage of emissions from fossil fuel power generation facilities (and potentially others) represents an opportunity in this regard, although it should be noted that such activities should be viewed as a part of an overall strategy which is comprehensive and long sighted in its design.
CCS represents a challenge to regulators who have a dual mandate of requiring to effectively assess and control the risks of such activities to the population and environment; and provide a structure which encourages and enables the performance of the tasks required.
EU legislation is broad in its scope and application. Analgoues and lessons for EU regulators assessing the potential controlling structures for CCS are plentiful.
This paper examines the regulatory requirements for effective operation of CCS via identification of the issues and risks associated with the capture, transport and storage of CO2; and reviews the regulatory options available and their applicability to the operation, management and control of CCS.
Existing legislation around Environmental Impact Assessment, Health & Safety, Emissions, Trading, Control of Hazardous Substances, Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, Waste Management and Environmental Liability, amongst others, all have a potential role to play. Amendment and clarification of all existing legislation would be required to enable its application to CCS but a number of options are available. The EU Commission however has a number of policy decisions to make to clarify the process, of which the key is to determine whether captured and injected CO2 would be classed as a waste or non-waste.
Evaluation of Portable Mercury Vapor Monitors and their Response to a Range of Simulated Oil Processing Environments
Authors: Grice K. J. , Van Orman L. D. , Young L. A. , Manning C. R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Portable mercury vapor monitors are relied on for quick decision making to determine safe work practice requirements. There is little specific information regarding their use limitations and/or potential interference data, especially in environments of high temperature/humidity and various concentrations of hydrocarbons (HC) and inorganic gases, as are commonly found in oil processing environments. This work was undertaken to objectively assess the accuracy of each monitor under ideal conditions and then assess the effects of potentially interfering conditions or substances on monitor accuracy. This data was used to highlight specific limitations and create field user guides. A secondary objective was to compare the overall usability and user-friendliness of the monitors evaluated. The paper describes the experimental method used and results provided by several mercury vapor monitors exposed to known concentrations of mercury vapor while other variables such as temperature, relative humidity and the concentration of potentially interfering compounds were varied to simulate field measurement conditions. Two types of detection technology were assessed, Gold Film resistance and Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption, (CVAAS). All monitors were tested against a variety of potential interference compounds, e.g., organics, benzene, toluene, and inorganics, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The testing revealed several strengths and weaknesses for each monitor. Negative interference was found with the Gold Film unit in high relative humidity (RH). All CVAA units showed positive interference with high organic concentrations. Poor repeatability across the entire exposure range is common. Survey technicians need to become familiar with the specific limitations of the survey meter used to accurately access the work environment where mercury (Hg) vapors are present.
Building a Safety Culture—Our Experience in Saudi Aramco
Authors: Al-Kudmani Ahmad S. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
In 2006 the Sea Water Injection Department (SWID) began emphasizing Behavior Based Safety to build a Safety Culture. We have instilled many new programs and initiatives focusing on leading indicators rather than lagging. Changing the culture is the only way to achieve excellence in Environment, Safety & Health.
These are significant strategies we used for creating a safety culture within the department: Change our core beliefs, such as the higher level belief that incidents are primarily the fault of the individual involved and the lower level belief that it is management's responsibility to keep them safe. In a holistic Safety Culture every individual takes responsibility for not only his own safety but the safety of every other person around him.Examples include:Roles and Responsibilities cardsSAOO Safety Enhancement Study and RecommendationsCatch people doing things right by focusing on the positive, not on the negative, and immediately correcting unsafe conditions. This requires management to have an inspirational presence in the field, leading by example. It is not only what you say but what you do that counts.Examples include:Safety Behavior Observation ProgramBi-weekly Department Safety Conference CallManagement Reminder ListHow we monitor progress changed. Historically, we've tracked incident statistics, lagging indicators. Now, the focus is on leading indicators to achieve overall improvement in safety.Objective KPIs specific to yearly evaluation in our Performance Management ProgramImplement new programs to ensure safety and employee motivation.Examples include:New Safety Award ProgramSafety study on Railway Crossing and Plant Access Roads for the Southern AreaIn-house NORM & Chemical Hazard Awareness Training (CHAT)
Quarterly tracking has shown an increase in the leading indicators and measures throughout the department. This signifies awareness from employees and their active participation. Management is eager to realizing the fruition of all these efforts but is shrewd also in knowing that this is a long-term change that requires long-term resolve.
Efficiency of Remote Sensing for the Environmental Management of Seismic Surveys in Desert Exploration Areas
Authors: Xavier Jérôme , Jean Philippe , Magelis Sogreah , Setier Jean-Claude , Jousseaume Jean-Louis , Mouly Benoit 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Onshore seismic surveys may have visible impacts on the environment, especially in desert regions. In these areas, existing maps are often out-of-date, unavailable or inappropriate. The performance of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is such that these tools are increasingly useful in the planning of environmental baseline surveys, reporting of environmental data and monitoring of environmental impacts.
TOTAL has developed and tested state-of-the-art remote sensing and GIS technologies through the performance of several environmental baseline surveys for projects in North Africa. Very high resolution satellite data with a ground resolution of up to sixty centimeters was used. The trials indicate that the use of remote sensing and GIS is an efficient way to characterize environmental baseline conditions in remote areas when a limited timeframe is available.. Geospatial imagery is a cost-effective way to produce detailed baseline maps of sensitive areas highlighting wadis, cliffs, agriculture, foggaras, wetlands, tracks, towns and socio-economic activities.
Accurate geospatial information helps to reduce costs by optimizing the time spent in the field and enhances the efficiency and quality of environmental studies. In addition, field photographs, observations, investigations and measurements can be directly integrated into GIS geodatabases. State-of-the-art methodologies and solutions for multi-date analysis enabling any change in the environment to be detected have been developed and tested; and now routine advanced remote sensing can accurately characterize the impacts of seismic surveys in arid and semi-arid environments.
The Resource Calculator—A Tool Driving Improvement
Authors: Lang Kenny , Long Sam 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Excellence in the field of Health, Safety and Environment (HS&E) is fundamentally about line management ensuring that these issues are a key part of the business. In common with other professions HS&E professionals, are an essential part of the fabric of business as technical authorities, fulfilling a role in the mentoring management so that HS&E issues become a line management function.
The challenge facing many organisations in different industries is that of identifying what are the most appropriate HS&E resources that are needed to drive excellence. The level of resources will vary due to a number of factors, for example there may be prescriptive or goal setting legal requirements in some countries, cultural norms and geographical limitations.
This paper discusses a process based upon the concepts of risk assessment and which assists in the systematic identification of HS&E resource needs. Based on an evaluation of key factors such as cultural maturity and operational hazards, the methodology coordinates the deployment of HS&E managers and specialists. The Resource Calculator, as the tool itself is called, also identifies disparities between actual resources and that required on a risk basis.
Initial indicators have shown that this is a valuable tool and this paper describes its basis, implementation, testing and potential improvement, set in a context where it is used across Europe, Africa, Russia and the Caspian (EARC). The advantages of such a tool are discussed, as well as possible opportunities for improvement.
Saving Energy in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Chauvin Dominique , Depraz Sophie , Buckley Hannah 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Hydrocarbons will remain essential to global economic development and prosperity for decades to come. Meeting rising energy demand needs to be reconciled with the goals of energy security and environmental protection. Energy efficiency and conservation can make a major contribution to moving the world onto a more sustainable energy path. Most of the potential for saving energy lies with end users, yet the oil and gas industry continues to invest heavily in further improving the energy efficiency of its own operations, reducing waste and helping final consumers to use less fuel. Major challenges remain, notably in countering the increased use of energy to exploit less accessible crude oil resources and to meet tougher fuel quality standards. The oil and gas industry, as a stakeholder in the energy debate, will play its part in further promoting rational energy use all along the supply chain for the good of everyone.
Enhancing energy efficiency is an important issue for IPIECA members, and companies can contribute by implementing changes in their operations, planning and investments. There are many positive drivers for industry as energy efficiency can help in lowering operating costs and reducing environmental impacts. Energy efficiency can also extend the life of finite natural resources, and help keep energy affordable for consumers by lowering the investment costs and the effort required to meet rising demand.
This paper draws on the new IPIECA publication, Saving Energy in the Oil and Gas Industry, which was launched at the 15th Session of the Commission for Sustainable Development. Case studies featured in the publication are included in the appendix.
Partnerships in the Oil and Gas Industry: An IPIECA Perspective
Authors: Sykes Richard , Depraz Sophie , Buckley Hannah 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development marked an increase in the number of partnerships targeting sustainable development goals. Partnerships have since been highlighted as an important cross-cutting theme and enabling mechanism.
This paper will focus on partnerships in the oil and gas industry and will build on the IPIECA publication Partnerships in the Oil and Gas Industry which was launched at the 14th Session of the United Nations Commission for Sustainable Development in New York.
The publication brings together 40 case studies, 32 company case studies and 8 industry-wide partnerships. The case studies are grouped into 9 main themes and meet a range of challenges from long-term global issues to an assortment of more local socio-economic concerns: healthcare, transport needs, sustainable jobs and livelihoods, and community development.
The paper will: –Communicate how the oil and gas industry is using partnerships to respond to the challenges of meeting global energy demand and to contribute to sustainable development–Draw out lessons learned by oil and gas industry representatives and their partners and explore the challenges and benefits of working in these many and varied partnerships–Provide practical tips for oil and gas managers engaging in any stage of the partnering process
This paper will draw on the solid base of evidence found in the publication to explore in more detail a few of the industrywide partnerships featured.
Malaria Incidence Among Oil/Gas Workers After Three Years of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and two of Improved Case Management on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (EG)
Authors: Benavente Luis E. , Linder Brian , Kleinschmidt Immo 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The Bioko Island Malaria Control Project (BIMCP) is a collaborative effort of Marathon Oil, Atlantic Methanol (AMPCO) and partners, the government of Equatorial Guinea (EG), Medical Care Development International and other non-profit partners, and academic institutions. Its aim is to reduce malaria transmission and morbidity and mortality due to malaria in oil workers and in the general population though the use of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and other control measures.

Methods:
The BIMCP conducted five rounds of IRS between 2004 and 2006 on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. It introduced artemisinin-based combination therapy in 2005 as first line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in health facilities. The BIMCP regularly monitors the mosquito population, the prevalence of malaria parasitemia, malaria incidence, and all-cause mortality in the human population. The BIMCP also monitors malaria incidence in three categories of AMPCO workers. A malaria case was defined as a worker with fever and parasitemia (according to a Rapid Diagnostic Test). Denominators consisted of the number of worker-hours of exposure.

Results, Observations, and Conclusions:
Malaria incidence among AMPCO's indigenous (EG) workers (particularly those residing in housing areas sprayed by the BIMCP IRS program) declined significantly from 8.23 cases/200,000 man-hours in 2003 to 3.07 in 2006. The corresponding decline in malaria incidence among AMPCO's non-western expatriate workers was from 2.9 to 0.92 for the same interval (overall p&lt;0.00001). The BIMCP also was successful in reducing malaria transmission in the community (parasitemia in children).

Significance:
The BIMCP diminished the economic burden of malaria for AMPCO workers and their families, and promoted family and community well-being, as well as diminishing the impact of malaria on worker productivity. Marathon Oil, AMPCO, and the NGO and academic partners used BIMCP to strengthen the capacity of the local health system to contain any future resurgence of malaria. The elements required for a resurgence - the presence of malaria vectors, a persistent human reservoir of malaria infection, and susceptible individuals - are still present, albeit at significantly reduced levels relative to the pre-BIMCP period. This successful experience is being scaled up to the rest of EG with additional funding from other sources.