bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of transmission of potentially xenotic viruses in a prospective pig to primate islet xenotransplantation study
Authors: Garkavenko Olga , Dieckhoff Britta , Wynyard Shaun , Denner Joachim , Elliott Robert B. , Tan Paul L. , Croxson Margaret C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractShortage of human donor organs for transplantation has prompted usage of animals as an alternative donor source. Pigs are the most acceptable candidate animals but issues of xenozoonoses remain. Despite careful monitoring of designated pathogen free pigs there is still a risk that their tissues may carry infectious agents. Thus xenotransplantation requires extensive pre‐clinical study on safety of the graft especially for those viruses that are either potentially oncogenic and/or immunosuppressive, or can establish persistent infection. A prospective pig‐to‐primate islet xenotransplantation study was performed which includes monitoring for potentially xenotic viruses namely porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV), and porcine circovirus (PCV) using both molecular diagnostic—PCR and RT‐PCR and serology methods. There was no evidence of pig virus transmission into primate recipients. This preclinical study underlines the information concerning viral safety of islet cell xenograft in pig‐to‐primate xenotransplantation. J. Med. Virol. 80:2046–2052, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic and molecular analysis of HTLV‐1 isolates from a medium sized town in Northern of Brazil: Tracing a common origin of the virus from the most endemic city in the country
Authors: Magalhães Themístocles , Mota‐Miranda Aline Cristina , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Olavarria Viviana , Galvão‐Castro Bernardo , Rios‐Grassi Maria Fernanda 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSalvador‐Bahia has the highest prevalence of HTLV‐1 infection in Brazil; about 2% of the population is infected. In this city, the prevalence of HTLV in pregnant women is 1%. There is no data of the HTLV‐1 prevalence in others cities of the Bahia's Recôncavo, where the population has similar social and demography characteristics to those from Salvador. Our aim was to evaluate the seroprevalence of HTLV in pregnant women in Cruz das Almas‐Bahia, a medium‐sized city from the Bahia's Recôncavo. All individuals were tested for HTLV (ELISA) and the positive samples were confirmed by Western Blot. Phylogenetic analyses of the total LTR region were performed in all positive samples. We tested 408 samples (45.4% of the estimate pregnant women population) between June 1st and October 31, 2005. The prevalence of HTLV‐1 infection was 0.98%. In addition, all isolated virus were grouped in the subtype HTLV‐1a, in the Latin American group. Our results suggest that the introduction of HTLV‐1 occurred after the slave trade into Salvador. In addition, HTLV‐1‐infection should be screened during the pregnancy in women originating from HTLV‐1 endemic areas. J. Med. Virol. 80:2040–2045, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whole genomic characterization of a human rotavirus strain B219 belonging to a novel group of the genus rotavirus
Authors: Nagashima Shigeo , Kobayashi Nobumichi , Ishino Masaho , Alam Mohammed Mahbub , Ahmed Muzahed Uddin , Paul Shyamal Kumar , Ganesh Balasubramanian , Chawla‐Sarkar Mamta , Krishnan Triveni , Naik Trailokya Nath , Wang Yuan‐Hong 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNovel rotavirus strains B219 and ADRV‐N derived from adult diarrheal cases in Bangladesh and China, respectively, are considered to belong to a novel rotavirus group (species) distinct from groups A, B, and C, by genetic analysis of five viral genes encoding VP6, VP7, NSP1, NSP2, and NSP3. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of the remaining six B219 gene segments encoding VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4, NSP4, and NSP5 were determined. The nucleotide sequences of the group B human rotavirus VP1 and VP3 genes were also determined in order to compare the whole genome of B219 with those of group A, B, and C rotavirus genomes. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of all B219 gene segments showed considerable identity to the ADRV‐N (strain J19) sequences (87.7–94.3% and 88.7–98.7%, respectively). In contrast, sequence identity to groups A–C rotavirus genes was less than 61%. However, functionally important domains and structural characteristics in VP1‐VP4, NSP4, and NSP5, which are conserved in group A, B, or C rotaviruses, were also found in the deduced amino acid sequences of the B219 proteins. Hence, the basic structures of all B219 viral proteins are considered to be similar to those of the known rotavirus groups. J. Med. Virol. 80:2023–2033, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue persistence of parvovirus B19 genotypes in asymptomatic persons
Authors: Corcioli Fabiana , Zakrzewska Krystyna , Rinieri Alessio , Fanci Rosa , Innocenti Massimo , Civinini Roberto , De Giorgi Vincenzo , Di Lollo Simonetta , Azzi Alberta 
Published: September 2008

AbstractParvovirus B19 (B19V) can persist in immunocompetent symptomatic and non‐symptomatic individuals, as demonstrated by the finding of viral DNA in different tissues, in absence of viremia and of anti‐B19V IgM. The spread and the nature of this phenomenon have not been clearly determined. In order to investigate the frequency of persistence and the tissue distribution of the three genotypes of B19V, the viral load of the persistent virus and its expression in the affected tissues, 139 tissue samples and 102 sera from 139 asymptomatic individuals have been analyzed by consensus PCRs and genotype specific PCRs for B19V detection and genotyping. Viral load was measured by real time PCR and viral mRNAs were detected by RT‐PCR. Altogether, 51% individuals carried B19V DNA, more frequently in solid tissues (65%) than in bone marrow (20%). Genotype 1 was found in 28% tissue samples, genotype 2 in 68% and genotype 3 in 3% only. Viral load ranged from less then 10 copies to 7 × 104 copies per 106 cells, with the exception of two samples of myocardium with about 106 copies per 106 cells. mRNA of capsid proteins was present in two bone marrow samples only. In conclusion, in asymptomatic individuals B19V persistence is more common in solid tissues than in bone marrow, and genotype 2 persists more frequently than genotype 1. The results suggest that the virus persists without replicating, at sub‐immunogenic levels. J. Med. Virol. 80:2005–2011, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enteric viruses in pediatric diarrhea in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tayeb Hamsa T. , Dela Cruz Damian M. , Al‐Qahtani Ahmed , Al‐Ahdal Mohammed N. , Carter Michael J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBetween September 1st, 2002 and August 31st, 2003, a panel of 1,000 stool samples was collected from patients presenting with diarrhea in the three major urban centers of Saudi Arabia; Riyadh, Mecca, and Jeddah. Each sample was tested for rotavirus, and astrovirus by ELISA, G and P type was determined for all rotaviruses. Adenoviruses were sought by hexon‐specific PCR and identified by RFLP. A subset of 253 samples was also tested for norovirus by ELISA. Data were analyzed for seasonality of infection, patient nationality and likelihood of hospitalization. Although the overall incidence of rotavirus identification in acute diarrheal stool continued to decline, this was still the virus identified most commonly (6%). Norovirus accounted for 3.5%, astrovirus, 1.9% and adenovirus, 1.4%. Type G9 rotavirus was found to be present (and already common) in 2003, predating its first reported identification in the country in 2004. Most of the virus infections (and most of the G9 detections) occurred in April, the month following the occurrence of the Hajj in the study year. Although most viruses were spread equally in the population, rotaviruses were significantly more common in non‐Saudis than in Saudi citizens. Overall the data are consistent with an increase in all virus infections following al Hajj and the potential introduction of novel strains (such as the G9 rotaviruses) by pilgrims. Hospitalization was significantly associated only with norovirus infections. J. Med. Virol. 80:1919–1929, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HTLV‐1 infection in blood donors from the Western Brazilian Amazon region: Seroprevalence and molecular study of viral isolates
Authors: Mota‐Miranda Aline Cristina , Araújo Sérgio Pereira , Dias Juarez Pereira , Colin Denise Duizit , Kashima Simone , Covas Dimas Tadeu , Tavares‐Neto José , Galvão‐Castro Bernardo , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTo determine the seroprevalence of HTLV‐1 in Brazil, and to review the virus molecular epidemiology in this Amazon population (Rio Branco‐Acre), 219 blood donors were screened for HTLV‐1. Only one case of infection (0.46% seroprevalence) was detected during July 2004 screening at the Acre Hospital Foundation (FUNDACRE). Neighbor‐joining and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses of two (n = 2) complete LTR region sequences were performed with the PAUP* software. Since the HTLV‐1 envelope surface (gp46) and transmembrane (gp21) glycoproteins are important for virus fitness, three envelope glycoproteins sequences (n = 3) were analyzed using the Prosite tool to determinate potential protein sites. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the new isolate described in this study, and the unpublished LTR strain described in a previous report belong to the Transcontinental subgroup of the Cosmopolitan subtype, inside the Latin American cluster. A similar result was obtained when submitting, to the Automated Genotyping System, three LTR partial sequences from a previous study of the seroprevalence of HTLV‐1 in the same Amazon population. In all analyzed env sequences, the potential protein site was found: two PKC phosphorylation sites at amino acid (aa) positions 310–312 and 342–344, one CK2 phosphorylation site at 194–197aa, three N‐glycosylation sites at 222–225aa, 244–247aa and 272–275aa, and a single N‐myristylation site at 327–338aa. In conclusion, potential protein sites described in HTLV‐1 gp46 and gp21 confirm the presence of conserved sites in the HTLV‐1 envelope proteins, likewise phylogenetic analysis suggests a possible recent introduction of the virus into North Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 80:1966–1971, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GBV‐C coinfection is negatively correlated to Fas expression and Fas‐mediated apoptosis in HIV‐1 infected patients
Authors: Moenkemeyer Maren , Schmidt Reinhold E. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Tillmann Hans L. , Heiken Hans 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPersistent coinfection with the apathogenic GB virus C (GBV‐C) is associated with slower disease progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 infection. Aim of this study was to investigate whether Fas plays a role in this beneficial effect. Fas expression and susceptibility to Fas‐mediated apoptosis (FMA) was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV‐1 patients coinfected and non‐coinfected with GBV‐C. Fas expression and function was evaluated in 42 GBV‐C coinfected and 101 non‐coinfected HIV‐1 patients. Thirteen healthy and 11 Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐monoinfected individuals were analyzed as controls. Cell surface Fas expression was determined by flow cytometric analysis. Apoptosis was evaluated by staining with Annexin V and Viaprobe followed by multiparameter flow cytometry analysis. In untreated HIV‐1 patients GBV‐C coinfection was associated with significantly lower percentage of Fas expressing cells as compared to GBV‐C non‐coinfected individuals. Expression of Fas was directly correlated with sensitivity to Fas‐mediated apoptosis. Sensitivity to FMA was unchanged in GBV‐C coinfected patients. PBMCs of patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) did not show such a difference. Untreated HIV‐1 patients with GBV‐C coinfection have reduced cell surface Fas expression. Lower FMA of T‐cells might contribute to prolonged survival of GBV‐C coinfected HIV‐1 patients. J. Med. Virol. 80:1933–1940, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of VP6‐encoding gene of group A human rotavirus samples from central west region of Brazil
Authors: Tavares Talissa de Moraes , de Brito Wilia Marta Elsner Diederichsen , Fiaccadori Fabíola Souza , Parente Juliana Alves , da Costa Paulo Sérgio Sucasas , Giugliano Loreny Gimenes , Andreasi Márcia Sueli Assis , Soares Célia Maria Almeida , Cardoso Divina das Dôres de Paula 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGroup A rotaviruses are the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The intermediate capsid protein VP6 encoded by segment 6 of the dsRNA genome is the major structural component of the virus and it is highly antigenic and immunogenic. VP6 is responsible for group and subgroup (SG) specificities, allowing classification of group A rotavirus into SG I, SG II, SG I + II, and SG non‐I‐non‐II. VP6‐encoding gene of 154 group A human rotavirus samples of different G and P genotypes recovered from children in three cities of Central West region of Brazil was amplified by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Two distinct genetic groups could be recognized: VP6 genogroups I and II. Sequences analysis also revealed that all samples identified as VP6 genogroup I were associated with NSP4 genotype A, whereas samples identified as VP6 genogroup II were associated with NSP4 genotype B. This is the first study in Central West region regarding genetic variability of the VP6 gene. Further molecular surveillance of rotavirus strains is needed to understand better the occurrence of VP6 gene diversity in Brazil and the significance of VP6 for the control and prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis. J. Med. Virol. 80:2034–2039, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emergence of the GII4/2006b variant and recombinant noroviruses in China
Authors: Jin Miao , Xie Hua‐ping , Duan Zhao‐jun , Liu Na , Zhang Qing , Wu Bing‐shan , Li Hui‐ying , Cheng Wei‐xia , Yang Su‐hua , Yu Jie‐mei , Xu Zi‐qian , Cui Shu‐xian , Zhu Lin , Tan Ming , Jiang Xi , Fang Zhao‐yin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNoroviruses are an important cause of acute gastroenteritis. Increasing data showed that the GII‐4 strains are predominant worldwide and new GII‐4 variants emerge every 1–2 years causing major epidemics. Surveillance of gastroenteritis in hospitalized children under 5 years of age in China is described. Among 1,110 specimens, 114 (10.3%) were positive for noroviruses, which was higher than adenoviruses (7.6%), astroviruses (3.5%), and sapoviruses (0.9%) and only lower than group A rotaviruses (40.6%). Thirty‐eight of the 114 positive norovirus cases were co‐infected with other enteric viruses. Five norovirus genotypes (GI‐2, GI‐4, GII‐3, GII‐4, and GII‐14) were detected, with GII‐4/2006b the most predominant type (64.9%). The reported recombinant of GII‐3 capsid and GII‐4 polymerase described previously was also detected frequently and a recombinant of GII‐14 capsid and GII‐6 polymerase was found for the first time. This study suggests that continual surveillance focusing on strain variation and dynamic change is important for understanding the epidemiology and development of a strategy for disease control and prevention. J. Med. Virol. 80:1997–2004, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural polymorphisms in HIV‐1 protease: Impact on effectiveness of a first‐line lopinavir‐containing antiretroviral therapy regimen
Authors: Champenois Karen , Deuffic‐Burban Sylvie , Cotte Laurent , André Patrice , Choisy Philippe , Ajana Faiza , Bocket Laurence , Yazdanpanah Yazdan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMutations on HIV protease lead to resistance to protease inhibitors. However, resistance development may be different according to primary, secondary or polymorphic mutations. The present study was designed to assess the impact of natural protease mutations on the effectiveness of a first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART), and secondarily, their effect on the initial viral load (VL). The study was conducted in 175 HIV‐1‐infected patients, who initiated a first‐line lopinavir/r‐containing ART regimen and who had an available genotype resistance testing before initiating therapy. We assessed the association between mutations (prevalence ≥10%) and the initial VL. We assessed the association between mutations and ART effectiveness using two surrogate markers: the slope of VL decrease at 1 month and the time to VL undetectability. For the 175 patients, the initial median VL was 4.94 log10 copies/ml [interquartile range: 4.44–5.47] and the initial median CD4 lymphocyte count, 219/µl [129–296]. Eighteen mutations had a prevalence ≥10%. At 1 month, the median VL decrease was 2.35 log10 copies/ml [1.76–2.82]. The median time to VL undetectability was 128 days [91–196]. No mutation was associated significantly with the initial VL, the slope of VL decrease at 1 month or the time to VL undetectability. This study of antiretroviral‐naive patients showed that protease polymorphisms had no impact on the effectiveness of a lopinavir/r‐containing ART regimen. However, polymorphisms may affect ART effectiveness differently in other populations, such as ART‐experienced patients and/or patients treated with protease inhibitors other than the one used here. J. Med. Virol. 80:1871–1879, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of cross‐immune reactivity against influenza H5N1 from seasonal influenza vaccine in humans
Authors: Tang Julian W. , Ngai Karry L.K. , Chan Paul K.S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn a small pilot study, sera from 10 healthy human volunteers were taken pre‐vaccine, then 1, 3, and 6 months post‐seasonal influenza immunization (using the 2005/2006 Northern hemisphere vaccine: A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)‐like, A/California/7/2004(H3N2)‐like, and B/Shanghai/361/2002‐like strains). Eight out of 10 subjects demonstrated satisfactory HAI titers (≥40) after seasonal influenza vaccination between 1 and 6 months post‐vaccine. These sera were then tested for inhibitory activity against A/HK/483/97 and A/Thailand/1(KAN‐1)/04 H5N1 influenza viruses using standard hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays. In contrast to several other studies in both humans and animals on the cross‐immunity between different influenza A viruses, antibodies produced to the influenza A(H1N1) component of the seasonal influenza vaccine showed no cross‐reactivity to these avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses. Possible reasons for this contrasting result are discussed. J. Med. Virol. 80:1992–1996, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of influenza viruses circulating in Northern Italy during two seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) of low influenza activity
Authors: Pariani Elena , Amendola Antonella , Zappa Alessandra , Bianchi Silvia , Colzani Daniela , Anselmi Giovanni , Zanetti Alessandro , Tanzi Elisabetta 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe influenza activity and circulation of influenza viruses in Lombardy (the most populous Italian region) were observed during two consecutive seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) characterized by low influenza activity by the Italian Influenza Surveillance Network. The molecular characteristics of circulating viruses were analyzed to evaluate the introduction of new variants and emergence of vaccine‐escape viruses. In both seasons, the epidemic in Lombardy was sustained almost exclusively by influenza A viruses, accounting for 80.5% and 93.6% of total detections, respectively, and the co‐circulation of A/H3 viruses belonging to distinct phylogenetic groups was observed. The A/H1N1 viruses isolated during the 2005/2006 season were closely related to A/New Caledonia/20/99, while the hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of the A/H1N1 viruses from the 2006/2007 season exhibited a greater diversity. These viruses were A/Solomon Islands/3/2006‐like and showed several variants. All B isolates were similar to B/Malaysia/2506/2004 belonging to the B/Victoria/2/87‐lineage. Influenza B virus was the dominant virus in Europe in the 2005/2006 season and accounted for the 20% of total detections in Lombardy. Overall, the viruses studied presented heterogeneity in their HA sequences suggesting the circulation of a miscellaneous set of variants during the two seasons notwithstanding the medium‐low activity of influenza. The importance of virological surveillance of influenza viruses is recognized widely and the molecular characterization of the viruses, especially in vaccinated subjects, is of particular importance to evaluate the introduction and circulation of new variants. J. Med. Virol. 80:1984–1991, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of long‐term lamivudine treatment of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Woo Hyun Young , Choi Jong Young , Jang Jeong Won , You Chan Ran , Bae Si Hyun , Yoon Seung Kew , Yang Jin Mo , Choi Sang Wook , Han Nam Ik , Kim Dong Goo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this study, the long‐term (>3 years) efficacy of combination therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence and the associated factors were investigated. One hundred and sixty‐five consecutive HBsAg‐positive patients (92 with liver cirrhosis, 73 with hepatocellular carcinoma; HCC) who underwent liver transplantation were assessed with a median follow‐up time of 40 months. One hundred and twenty‐one patients (121/165, 73.3%) were treated with lamivudine before transplantation for a mean of 8.4 months (range 0.1–72 months). The post‐transplantation treatment protocol consisted of a high dose intravenous hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) followed by a low dose intramuscular HBIg and lamivudine combination therapy. Seven (4.2%, 7/165) recipients experienced HBV recurrence at a median time of 19 months (range 5–36 months) following transplantation. Six of seven cases of HBV recurrence were treated with lamivudine before transplantation for a median period of 15 months (range 0.6–30 months). Eighteen (24.6%, 18/73) patients had HCC recurrences after transplantation. Of the four patients with both HCC and HBV recurrence, three experienced HBV recurrence after recurrence of HCC. The clinical factor associated with HBV recurrence in the total cohort (n = 165) was the duration of antiviral treatment (over 6 months) before transplantation (P = 0.004). In the HCC group, HCC recurrence after transplantation (P = 0.002), tumor burden before transplantation (P = 0.005), and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.002), were additional factors for HBV recurrence. Combination therapy of HBIg and antiviral drugs was effective over 3 years regardless of the pretransplantation viral load. However, the possible recurrence of HBV needs to be monitored cautiously in patients treated with long‐term (over 6 months) lamivudine. J. Med. Virol. 80:1891–1899, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epstein‐Barr virus encephalitis mimicking clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of herpes simplex encephalitis
Authors: Chadaide Zoltan , Voros Erika , Horvath Szatmar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA rare case of EBV encephalitis initially diagnosed as Herpes simplex infection is presented to highlight the importance of EBV specific intrathecal ELISA and liquor PCR based differential diagnosis when Herpes simplex encephalitis specific clinical symptoms, neuroimaging signs and electroencephalographic features are present. The case report also suggests that acyclovir treatment might be beneficial for the long term outcome in adult EBV encephalitis patients. J. Med. Virol. 80:1930–1932, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.