bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties, sustained release, and oxygen scavenging properties of nanocomposite films loaded with bimetallic nanoparticles (Fe2O3/TiO2) in extra virgin olive oil
Authors: Kheirandish Mahsa , Javanmard dakheli Majid , Mizani Maryam , Salehirad Alireza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles based on Fe2O3/TiO2 and its use in the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films as an oxygen scavenger in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) packaging. Bimetallic nanocomposites were prepared by two different precipitation methods (precipitation with ammonia and sodium hydroxide). The characteristics of bimetallic nanoparticles precipitated with sodium hydroxide (Na‐Ti0.01Fe0.048O0.08) and bimetallic nanoparticles precipitated with ammonia (NH‐Ti0.01Fe0.022O0.09) were compared. Relative amounts of elements in bimetallic nanocomposites and their morphological characteristics were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer. Porosity volume and surface area of bimetallic nanoparticles were calculated using adsorption–desorption isotherms and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The formation/characterization of bimetallic nanoparticles and their location in the matrix of PLA‐based nanocomposite film was studied using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared. In nanocomposite films based on PLA, bimetallic nanoparticles lead to better oxidative stability (peroxide value, p‐anisidine index, K232, and K270) of the EVOO and oxygen scavenging during storage compared to free nanoparticles. Mechanical properties of nanocomposite films were improved due to bimetallic nanoparticles, which were better for Na‐Ti0.01Fe0.048O0.08. In vitro release modeling of the bimetallic nanoparticles in EVOO proved that Fickian diffusion is the dominant mechanism, and the Peleg model was the best description of the release behavior of nanoparticles.
Independent and interactive associations of heart rate and obesity with type 2 diabetes mellites: A population‐based study
Authors: Zhu Tianxin , Chen Qingyu , Chen Hongxing , You Lili , Liu Dan , Zhang Xiaoyun , Li Feng , Wu Hongshi , Tang Juying , Lin Diaozhu , Sun Kan , Yan Li , Ren Meng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough obesity and heart rate (HR) were closely related to the prevalence and development of type 2 diabetes mllitus (T2DM), few studies have shown a co‐association effect of them on T2DM. We aimed at assessing the interactive effects of HR and obesity with prevalence of T2DM in Chinese population, providing the exact cutpoint of the risk threshold for blood glucose with high HR.Materials and MethodsIn the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: a lONgitudinal study (REACTION) cohorts (N = 8398), the relationship between HR and T2DM was explored by linear regression, logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Interaction terms between HR and body mass index (BMI) and HR and waist circumference (WC) were introduced into the logistic regression model.ResultsIn those with HR > 88.0 beats/min, fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests were significantly correlated with HR, and the prevalence of T2DM was highly correlated with HR (all p < .05). There were interactive associations of HR and obesity in patients with T2DM with HR < 74 beats/min.ConclusionHigh HR was in interaction with obesity, associating with prevalence of T2DM. The newly subdivided risk threshold for HR with T2DM might be HR > 88 beats/minute.image
Association of obstructive sleep apnea symptoms with all‐cause mortality and cause‐specific mortality in adults with or without diabetes: A cohort study based on the NHANES
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Qi , Li Xiaomin , Du Gang , Feng Xiaojin , Ding Runtao , Chi Yuhua , Liu Yongping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and mortality has not been extensively researched among individuals with varying diabetic status. This study aimed to compare the relationship of OSAS with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in US individuals with or without diabetes based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsThe study included participants from the NHANES 2005–2008 and 2015–2018 cycles with follow‐up information. OSAS data (OSAS.MAP10) was estimated from the questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of OSAS for mortality were calculated by Cox regression analysis in populations with different diabetes status. The relationships between OSAS and mortality risk were examined using survival curves and restricted cubic spline curves.ResultsA total of 13 761 participants with 7.68 ± 0.042 follow‐up years were included. In the nondiabetic group, OSAS.MAP10 was positively associated with all‐cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. In individuals with prediabetes, OSAS.MAP10 was positively related to all‐cause mortality (HR 1.11 [95% CI: 1.03–1.20]) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.17 [95% CI: 1.03–1.33]). The relationship between OSAS.MAP10 and the risk of all‐cause mortality and cancer mortality exhibited L‐shaped curves in diabetes patients (both with nonlinear p values <.01). Further threshold effect analysis revealed that OSAS was positively related to death risk when OSAS.MAP10 exceeded the threshold scores.ConclusionThe relationship between OSAS and mortality differed among participants with or without diabetes. Individualized clinical treatment plans should be developed in clinical practice to reduce the risk of death for patients with different metabolic conditions.image
Kisspeptin a potential therapeutic target in treatment of both metabolic and reproductive dysfunction
Authors: Sliwowska Joanna Helena , Woods Nicola Elizabeth , Alzahrani Abdullah Rzgallah , Paspali Elpiniki , Tate Rothwelle Joseph , Ferro Valerie Anne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKisspeptins (KPs) are proteins that were first recognized to have antimetastatic action. Later, the critical role of this peptide in the regulation of reproduction was proved. In recent years, evidence has been accumulated supporting a role for KPs in regulating metabolic processes in a sexual dimorphic manner. It has been proposed that KPs regulate metabolism both indirectly via gonadal hormones and/or directly via the kisspeptin receptor in the brain, brown adipose tissue, and pancreas. The aim of the review is to provide both experimental and clinical evidence indicating that KPs are peptides linking metabolism and reproduction. We propose that KPs could be used as a potential target to treat both metabolic and reproductive abnormalities. Thus, we focus on the consequences of disruptions in KPs and their receptors in metabolic conditions such as diabetes, undernutrition, obesity, and reproductive disorders (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and polycystic ovary syndrome). Data from both animal models and human subjects indicate that alterations in KPs in the case of metabolic imbalance lead also to disruptions in reproductive functions. Changes both in the hypothalamic and peripheral KP systems in animal models of the aforementioned disorders are discussed. Finally, an overview of current clinical studies involving KP in fertility and metabolism show fewer studies on metabolism (15%) and only one to date on both. Presented data indicate a dynamic and emerging field of KP studies as possible therapeutic targets in treatments of both reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions.image
Russia–Ukraine war and India's quest for leading power status
Authors: Verma Raj 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndia's neutrality and failure to publicly criticise Russia is driven by the Modi government's quest to be a great/leading power. It believes that Moscow can aid New Delhi in achieving this goal by enhancing the security pillar of its foreign policy strategy. However, publicly criticising Russia will undermine India's security pillar and will prevent India from becoming a leading power. Thus, India's response to the Ukraine war might be best described as ‘varied consequentialism’. Additionally, India has also exhibited ‘strategic opportunism’; that is, it has employed norms and values strategically to pursue its aspirations to emerge as a leading power. It has sought to use the Global South's discontent with the US‐led Western liberal order aggravated by the Russia–Ukraine war, to seek leadership of the Global South. It seeks to act as the leader of a new ‘non‐alignment’, which has emerged as a consequence of the war.
Private sector participation in infrastructure in emerging market and developing economies: Evolution, constraints, and policies
Authors: Mawejje Joseph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe private sector can play important roles in closing the infrastructure investment gaps in emerging market and developing economies. However, private participation in emerging market and developing economies' infrastructure has declined over the past decade, reflecting persistent structural challenges and risks in the business environment. The decline was broad‐based and gained momentum following the 2013 taper tantrum and the end of the commodity super cycle. Incentivizing greater private sector participation in infrastructure will require policies to improve access to long‐term finance and to derisk the business environment. This will require efforts to strengthen the banking sector regulation and supervision, to improve the legal and contractual environment, and to limit information asymmetries. Deepening local financial and bond markets can make it possible for infrastructure bonds to be issued in local currencies and minimize potential currency mismatches. Improvements in the broader business environment can benefit from greater macroeconomic stability and stronger institutional frameworks. Policies that improve the quality of projects at entry, address currency risk, relax capital controls, and enable cost recovery pricing can unlock private sector participation in infrastructure financing. Strong government support, including ensuring regulatory quality, and providing well‐targeted guarantees and subsidies, can play a critical role.
Digital nomadism and the challenge to social citizenship
Authors: Webb Adam K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a subset of remote work, digital nomadism crosses jurisdictions and generates fears that it unfairly escapes regulation and taxation. Alongside other circuits of an emerging world society, it fails to fit neatly into the longstanding template of relatively self‐contained nation‐states. Most efforts to address this new phenomenon merely aim to tweak tax treaties and other rules, so as better to slot mobile individuals back into existing schemes of regulation and redistribution. But digital nomadism suggests a more fundamental need to rethink the entire modern framework of social citizenship. Social citizenship bundles together immobile populations, territorial sovereignty, and the state as the main clearinghouse of justice and solidarity. In mapping out an alternative, this article draws on resources in political thought dealing with a plurality of spheres of life. Unbundling the strictly territorial functions of the state from other functions of risk‐sharing and solidarity would better correspond to the new and varied scales of cross‐border living.
Accounting for future populations in health research
Authors: Pierson Leah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe research we fund today will improve the health of people who will live tomorrow. But future people will not all benefit equally: decisions we make about what research to prioritize will predictably affect when and how much different people benefit from research. Organizations that fund health research should thus fairly account for the health needs of future populations when setting priorities. To this end, some research funders aim to allocate research resources in accordance with disease burden, prioritizing illnesses that cause more morbidity and mortality. In this article, I defend research funders' practice of aligning research funding with disease burden but argue that funders should aim to align research funding with future—rather than present—disease burden. I suggest that research funders should allocate research funding in proportion to aggregated estimates of disease burden over the period when research could plausibly start to yield benefits until indefinitely into the future.
Prevention and treatment of infection in patients with an absent or hypofunctional spleen: A British Society for Haematology guideline
Authors: Ladhani Shamez N. , Fernandes Savio , Garg Mamta , Borrow Ray , de Lusignan Simon , Bolton‐Maggs Paula H. B. ,   the BSH Guidelines Committee
Published: April 2024

SummaryGuidelines for the prevention and treatment of infection in patients with an absent or dysfunctional spleen were published by the British Committee for Standards in Haematology in 1996 and updated in 2002 and 2011. With advances in vaccinations and changes in patterns of infection, the guidelines required updating. Key aspects included in this guideline are the identification of patients at risk of infection, patient education and information and immunisation schedules. This guideline does not address the non‐infective complications of splenectomy or functional hyposplenism (FH). This replaces previous guidelines and significantly revises the recommendations related to immunisation. Patients at risk include those who have undergone surgical removal of the spleen, including partial splenectomy and splenic embolisation, and those with medical conditions that predispose to FH. Immunisations should include those against Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) and influenza. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is part of the infant immunisation schedule and is no longer required for older hyposplenic patients. Treatment of suspected or proven infections should be based on local protocols and consider relevant anti‐microbial resistance patterns. The education of patients and their medical practitioners is essential, particularly in relation to the risk of serious infection and its prevention. Further research is required to establish the effectiveness of vaccinations in hyposplenic patients; infective episodes should be regularly audited. There is no single group ideally placed to conduct audits into complications arising from hyposplenism, highlighting a need for a national registry, as has proved very successful in Australia or alternatively, the establishment of appropriate multidisciplinary networks.
British Society for Haematology guidelines to improve the care of asplenic patients: Much work done, some remaining and a call for national registries
Authors: Rivière Etienne 
Published: April 2024

Asplenic patients are at high risk of serious infectious or thrombotic complications, especially when they are not adequately informed of the risk and not closely followed. Ladhani et al. on behalf of the British Society for Haematology propose updated guidelines for managing these patients. Healthcare professionals need to improve infection prevention in patients with hypofunctional or absent spleen through better identification and immunisation using established national registries.Commentary on: Ladhani et al. Prevention and treatment of infection in patients with absent or hypofunctional spleen: A British Society for Haematology guideline. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1672‐1686.
Revisiting the most often used item in the haematological tool box—The extent of haemodilution in bone marrow aspirates
Authors: Hokland Peter 
Published: April 2024

In this issue, a nationwide retrospective Japanese study finds that, in a second opinion setting, one‐third of bone marrow aspirates from patients suspected of myelodysplastic syndromes are heavily haemodiluted. Moreover, in four‐fifths of such cases, the failure to obtain the correct material for diagnosis went undetected by the referring institution. These data are intriguing, but given their special set‐up, caution should be exerted in transposing them to other countries.Commentary on: Ogata et al. Prevalence of massively diluted bone marrow cell samples aspirated from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or suspected MDS: A retrospective analysis of nationwide samples in Japan. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1856‐1861.
Bardoxolone methyl prevents metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis by inhibiting macrophage infiltration
Authors: Onuma Kazuhiro , Watanabe Kenji , Isayama Keishiro , Ogi Sayaka , Tokunaga Yasunori , Mizukami Yoichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeBardoxolone methyl (2‐cyano‐3,12‐dioxooleana‐1,9(11)‐dien‐28‐oic acid methyl ester, CDDO‐Me) is a potent activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), which induces the expression of antioxidative‐associated genes. CDDO‐Me exerts protective effects against chronic inflammatory diseases in the kidneys and lungs. However, its pharmacological effects on metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) caused by fat accumulation remain unknown. In this study, we examined the hepatoprotective effects of CDDO‐Me in a diet‐induced MASH mouse model and elucidated its pharmacological mechanisms using RNA‐seq analysis.Experimental ApproachCDDO‐Me was orally administered to mice fed a choline‐deficient, L‐amino acid‐defined, high‐fat diet (CDAHFD), and histological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses were performed on livers of mice that developed MASH.Key resultsCDDO‐Me administration induced the expression of antioxidant genes and cholesterol transporters downstream of Nrf2 and significantly prevented the symptoms of MASH. Whole‐transcriptome analysis revealed that CDDO‐Me inhibited the inflammatory pathway that led to phagocyte recruitment, in addition to activating the Nrf2‐dependent pathway. Among inflammatory pathways, CC chemokine ligands (CCL)3 and CCL4, which are downstream of NF‐κB and are associated with the recruitment of macrophages expressing CC chemokine receptors (CCR)1 and CCR5, were released into the blood in MASH mice. However, CDDO‐Me directly inhibited the expression of CCL3‐CCR1 and CCL4‐CCR5 in macrophages.Conclusions and ImplicationsOverall, we revealed the potent hepatoprotective effect of CDDO‐Me in a MASH mouse model and demonstrated that its pharmacological effects were closely associated with a reduction of macrophage infiltration, through CCL3‐CCR1 and CCL4‐CCR5 inhibition, in addition to Nrf2‐mediated hepatoprotective effects.
IMPROVE 2022 International Meeting on Pathway‐Related Obesity: Vision of Excellence
Authors: Kühnen Peter , Argente Jesús , Clément Karine , Dollfus Hélène , Dubern Béatrice , Farooqi Sadaf , de Groot Corjan , Grüters Annette , Holm Jens‐Christian , Hopkins Mark , Kleinendorst Lotte , Körner Antje , Meeker David , Rydén Mikael , von Schnurbein Julia , Tschöp Matthias , Yeo Giles S. H. , Zorn Stefanie , Wabitsch Martin 
Published: April 2024

SummaryNearly 90 clinicians and researchers from around the world attended the first IMPROVE 2022 International Meeting on Pathway‐Related Obesity. Delegates attended in person or online from across Europe, Argentina and Israel to hear the latest scientific and clinical developments in hyperphagia and severe, early‐onset obesity, and set out a vision of excellence for the future for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) pathway‐related obesity. The meeting co‐chair Peter Kühnen, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, indicated that change was needed with the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity and the associated complications to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and acknowledge that monogenic forms of obesity can play an important role, providing insights that can be applied to a wider group of patients with obesity. World‐leading experts presented the latest research and led discussions on the underlying science of obesity, diagnosis (including clinical and genetic approaches such as the role of defective MC4R signalling), and emerging clinical data and research with targeted pharmacological approaches. The aim of the meeting was to agree on the questions that needed to be addressed in future research and to ensure that optimised diagnostic work‐up was used with new genetic testing tools becoming available. This should aid the planning of new evidence‐based treatment strategies for the future, as explained by co‐chair Martin Wabitsch, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany.
Phosphorylation‐regulated phase separation of syndecan‐4 and syntenin promotes the biogenesis of exosomes
Authors: Zhao Tian , Yang Xiaolan , Duan Guangfei , Chen Jialin , He Kefeng , Chen Yong‐Xiang , Luo Shi‐Zhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe biogenesis of exosomes that mediate cell‐to‐cell communication by transporting numerous biomolecules to neighbouring cells is an essential cellular process. The interaction between the transmembrane protein syndecan‐4 (SDC4) and cytosolic protein syntenin plays a key role in the biogenesis of exosomes. However, how the relatively weak binding of syntenin to SDC4 efficiently enables syntenin sorting for packaging into exosomes remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that SDC4 can undergo liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) to form condensates both in vitro and in the cell membrane and that, the SDC4 cytoplasmic domain (SDC4‐CD) is a key contributor to this process. The phase separation of SDC4 greatly enhances the recruitment of syntenin to the plasma membrane (PM) despite the weak SDC4‐syntenin interaction, facilitating syntenin sorting for inclusion in exosomes. Interestingly, phosphorylation at the only serine (179) in the SDC4‐CD (Ser179) disrupts SDC4 LLPS, and inhibited phosphorylation or dephosphorylation restores the SDC4 LLPS to promote its recruitment of syntenin to the PM and syntenin inclusion into exosomes. This research reveals a novel phosphorylation‐regulated phase separation property of SDC4 in the PM through which SDC4 efficiently recruits cytosolic syntenin and facilitates the biogenesis of exosomes, providing potential intervention targets for exosome‐mediated biomedical events.