bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse Radiolysis of a Ruthenium(III,III) Oxo-Acetato Dinuclear Complex in Acetonitrile
Authors: Imamura Taira , Kishimoto Akira , Sumiyoshi Takashi , Takahashi Kenta , Fukumoto Tatsuma , Sasaki Yoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pulse radiolysis of a ruthenium(III,III) oxo-acetato dinuclear complex, [Ru2(μ-O)(μ-CH3COO)2(pyridine)6](PF6)2 (abbr. Ru2(33)), in acetonitrile was studied. Electron-pulse irradiation of deaerated acetonitrile solutions caused one-electron reduction of Ru2(33) to form Ru2(32) by the acetonitrile radical anion, CH3CN•−, with a rate constant of 8.0 × 1010 M−1 s−1 (M−1 = dm3 mol−1) at 17 °C. In the solutions containing O2, Ru2(33) was competitively reduced by CH3CN•− and the superoxide ion, O2−, with a rate constant of 1.1 × 1010 M−1 s−1, to form Ru2(32). This was reoxidized by the peroxyl radical, •O2CH2CN, with a rate constant of 7.5 × 109 M−1 s−1 to regenerate the parent complex of Ru2(33). The reaction scheme is discussed in comparison with the results for the ruthenium(III,III,III) trinuclear complex, [Ru3(μ3-O)(μ-CH3COO)6(pyridine)3]PF6 (abbr. Ru3(333)), reported previously.
Echo FT-EPR Study of the Photochemical Reduction and Oxidation Reactions of 2,5-Di-t-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,5-Di-t-butylhydroquinone by Xanthene Dyes
Authors: Katsuki Akio , Akiyama Kimio , Tero-Kubota Shozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electron spin polarization has been studied in order to clarify the character of the short-lived radical-pair (RP) intermediates generated from the photosensitized reduction of 2,5-di-t-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone and the oxidation of 2,5-di-t-butylhydroquinone by xanthene dyes using FT-EPR spectroscopy. Unusual absorptive electron spin polarization and heavy atom effects were observed in a former photoreduction system, indicating the production of contact RP as the reaction intermediate. Absorptive polarization is created by sublevel selective back electron transfer in the triplet contact RP due to the spin-orbit coupling interaction. On the other hand, it has also been shown that for the photooxidation system a pure RP mechanism is operative to create spin polarization, suggesting the generation of a solvent separated RP as an intermediate. The reaction rate constants for electron transfer and hydrogen abstraction reactions were also determined by analyses of the time profile of the chemically induced electron spin polarization spectra.
Spectroscopic and Kinetic Studies on Volume Expansion Processes of Photoresponsive Polyacrylamide Microgels in Water
Authors: Ishikawa Masazumi , Misawa Hiroaki , Kitamura Noboru , Irie Masahiro , Masuhara Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photostimulated volume expansion of polyacrylamide microgels (initial radius = 11—235 μm) bearing triphenylmethyl cyanide moieties (AAm-TPMCN) in water was studied on the basis of simultaneous measurements of the degree of ionic dissociation (α) of TPMCN to TPM+ (triphenylmethyl cation) and the gel radius. The time profile of the radius change, r(t), was analyzed by a convolution relation between r(t) and the time course of α (α(t)). The characteristic time constants of the volume change, related to the cooperative diffusion coefficient of the gel network, were determined for AAm-TPMCN gels with various radii. The faster photoresponse time of the volume change for the smaller AAm-TPMCN gel was explained in terms of the diffusion theory of gel networks in water.
A Laser Flash Photolysis Study of the Intramolecular Energy Transfer Reaction from Benzophenone to Norbornadiene Covalently Bonded by a Rigid Steroid Bridge
Authors: Cao Hong , Akimoto Yukimi , Fujiwara Yoshihisa , Tanimoto Yoshifumi , Zhang Li-Ping , Tung Chen-Ho 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photoinduced intramolecular energy-transfer (ET) reaction between benzophenone (BP) and norbornadiene (N) covalently bonded by a rigid steroid bridge in acetonitrile has been studied by laser flash photolysis. The ET rate constant for the excited triplet BP (3BP*) to N is 6.1 × 104 s−1, whereas the constant for the intramolecular hydrogen atom abstraction of 3BP* from the steroid is 1.91 × 105 s−1.
EPR Spectra of Gadolinium(III)-β-diketonate Complexes
Authors: Miyamoto Ryo , Sudoh Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of some gadolinium(III)-β-diketonate complexes were observed as frozen solutions. The observed spectra differ from each other upon changing the ligands, indicating that a change of the ligand fields and/or coordination structure of the ligands has a great effect on the behavior of the inner 4f electrons. Zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters were estimated by spectral simulations for the 8S7/2 system. The EPR spectral simulations attempted so far indicate that at least the ZFS parameter (|D|) for the Gd(hfa)3 complex is much smaller than that for other complexes, such as Gd(acac)3.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Bis(1,1,1-tris(dimethylphosphinomethyl)ethane)iron(II) Tetrafluoroborate Dihydrate
Authors: Kashiwabara Kazuo , Ozeki Yuji , Kita Masakazu , Fujita Junnosuke , Nakajima Kiyohiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An air and thermally stable iron(II) complex of 1,1,1-tris(dimethylphosphinomethyl)ethane (mmtp), [Fe(mmtp)2](BF4)2·2H2O, has been prepared, and the crystal structure has been determined by X-ray analysis. The complex was crystallized in the orthorhombic, space group Pca21 with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions a = 17.448(4), b = 17.574(4), c = 11.367(2) Å, and V = 3485(1) Å3. Final R was 0.047 for 1671 reflections. The average Fe–P bond length of 2.312(5) Å is intermediate between those of [Co(mmtp)2][Co(CN)6]·2.25H2O (av Co–P = 2.331(9) Å) and [Cr(mmtp)2] (av Cr–P = 2.287(1) Å), in which Fe(II), Co(III), and Cr(0) have the same low-spin d6 electron configuration. A less stable dimeric complex, [Fe2(μ-Cl)3(mmtp)2]B(C6H5)4·H2O, has also been isolated. Absorption spectra and cyclic voltammograms have been compared between the Fe(II) and Co(III) complexes.
A Revised Structure of Chloranthalactone F and Chloranthalactone A Photodimer
Authors: Okamura Hiroaki , Iwagawa Tetsuo , Nakatani Munehiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two known lindenane sesquiterpenoids, chloranthalactone F and chloranthalactone A photodimer, were identified to be the same by direct comparison of the samples and their spectra. Both of their structures were revised to a new structure, head-to-head, anti dimer of chloranthalactone A, from the spectroscopic and chemical studies. Chloranthalactone A photodimer has been reported as an artifact, but this compound was observed as a natural product in the leaves of Chloranthus glaber.
Formation of Acyl-Substituted Nitrile Ylides by Rh2(OAc)4-Catalyzed Decomposition of α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds in Nitriles
Authors: Fukushima Kazuaki , Ibata Toshikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Rh2(OAc)4-catalyzed reactions of α-diazocarbonyl compounds in nitrile in the presence of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) gave oxazole and pyrrole derivatives. The formation of the oxazole derivatives is explained in terms of the 1,5-cyclization of an acyl-substituted nitrile ylide intermediate, and the formation of the pyrrole derivatives is explained by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the same intermediate with DMAD. The regiochemistry of the cycloaddition of the acyl-substituted nitrile ylide with methyl propiolate showed that the contribution of an allenyl-type resonance structure plays an important role in the acyl-substituted nitrile ylide reaction.
Three New Triterpenoidal Saponins Acylated with Monoterpenic Acid from Albizziae Cortex
Authors: Ikeda Tsuyoshi , Fujiwara Satoko , Kinjo Junei , Nohara Toshihiro , Ida Yoshiteru , Shoji Junzo , Shingu Tetsuro , Isobe Ryuichi , Kajimoto Tetsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structures of Julibrosides I, II, and III, isolated from dried stem bark of Albizzia julibrissin DURAZZ (Albizziae Cortex), were characterized as complex triterpenoidal glycosides linked to the monoterpene glycoside dimer, mainly by means of an NMR spectroscopic method. These compounds have a common structure comprising from acacic acid, the (6S)-2-trans-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethy1-2,7-octadienoyl-6-O-quinovopyranoside dimer, and α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1→4)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside. The diversity of the oligosaccharides attached to the C-3 hydroxyl group of acacic acid, an oleanane-type triterpene, makes a distinction between Julibrosides I, II, and III.
Synthesis of Rubidium and Cesium Tellurocarboxylates and an X-Ray Structural Analysis of Heavy Alkali Metal Monochalcogenocarboxylates
Authors: Kawahara Yasuyuki , Kato Shinzi , Kanda Takahiro , Murai Toshiaki , Ebihara Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A series of rubidium and cesium tellurocarboxylates (2 and 3) were synthesized from the reaction of O-trimethylsilyl tellurocarboxylates (1) with rubidium and cesium fluorides in moderate isolated yields and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 125Te NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The carbon–oxygen distance [1.235(6) Å] of the tellurocarboxyl group of crystalline cesium 2-methoxybenzenecarbotelluroate (3f) showed a typical value of the carbon–oxygen double bond. The crystal packing of 3f shows the possibility of an interaction between the cesium cation and the aromatic ring carbon. The thio- and selenocarboxyl groups of the corresponding sulfur and selenium isologues (4 and 5) also indicate a double bond [1.231(4) and 1.226(5) Å] between the carbon and oxygen, respectively. The salts (2 and 3) readily react with iodomethane to afford the corresponding Te-methyl tellurocarboxylates in good yields. The reaction between 3 and tetramethylammonium chloride was found to give a novel quaternary ammonium salt (8) of tellurocarboxylic acid, where the dihedral angle between benzene ring and the tellurocarboxyl group of 8 is ca. 90°. Crystallographic data for 3f, 4, 5, and 8 are as follows. 3f: P21/n, a = 7.182(2), b = 12.161(5), c = 12.151(3) Å, β = 92.57(2)°, V = 1060.2(6) Å3, dcalcd = 2.479 g cm−3, Z = 4, R = 0.035, Rw = 0.043. 4: Pbca, a = 8.995(2), b = 29.936(2), c = 7.291(1) Å, V = 1963.3(5) Å3, dcalcd = 2.030 g cm−3, Z = 8, R = 0.024, Rw = 0.021. 5: Pbca, a = 9.290(1), b = 30.207(2), c = 7.193(2) Å, V = 2018.5(3) Å3, dcalcd = 2.284 g cm−3, Z = 8, R = 0.029, Rw = 0.020. 8: P212121, a = 11.844(2), b = 14.014(2), c = 8.650(1) Å, V = 1435.8(3) Å3, dcalcd = 1.558 g cm−3, Z = 4, R = 0.044, Rw = 0.047.
Synthesis and Properties of Methano-Bridged Bisdehydro[17]-, -[19]-, -[21]annulenones and the Related Compounds
Authors: Higuchi Hiroyuki , Kiyoto Seiken , Sakon Chiaki , Hiraiwa Naoki , Asano Kaori , Kondo Shiro , Ojima Juro , Yamamoto Gaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
14-Methyl-10,12-bisdehydro-4,9-methano-1H-[17]annulen-1-one, 14-methyl-10,12-bisdehydro-4,9-methano-1H-[19]annulen-1-one, and 16-methyl-12,14-bisdehydro-6,11-methano-1H-[21]annulen-1-one, as well as their methylated and benzannelated derivatives, were synthesized and their tropic properties were studied by NMR and UV spectra under neutral and acidic conditions. The tropicity in these compounds was found to be lower than in their non-bridged monocyclic counterparts. Thus the methano-bridge works to decrease the planarity of the peripherally conjugated system.
Dehydrooligopeptides. XVIII. Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Coupling of Dehydrodipeptide Esters Containing α-Dehydroamino Acid Residue by Using Papain
Authors: Shin Chung-gi , Kakusho Takeshi , Arai Kazushige , Seki Masashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of N-protected dehydrodipeptide methyl esters (2) (Protect-ΔAA-AA-OMe) was first achieved, despite the requisite of the only neutral and large proteinic l-α-amino acid (AA) in the case using papain. Furthermore, the reverse enzymatic coupling of the C-component 2 with N-component α-amino acid anilides or dehydrodipeptide esters containing dehydrovaline (ΔVal) residue was also successful. Consequently, the present study suggests that the proteolytic enzyme papain is able to become a very useful tool for peptide synthesis by a coupling of the C-component dehydropeptide with N-component α-amino acid, peptide, or dehydropeptide.
Characterization of a Longicyclic (2,2,2,2) Conjugated π System in 1,4-Difluorobenzene–Naphthalene Biplanemer
Authors: Okamoto Hideki , Satake Kyosuke , Kimura Masaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic absorption spectrum of a 1,4-difluorobenzene–naphthalene biplanemer 1 exhibited a characteristic absorption band around 290 nm. This was attributable to intramolecular charge transfer interaction between the longicyclic conjugated π system and the benzene chromophore. The oxidation potential of 1 was 1.70 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which was lower than those of the related compounds in which one of the double bonds of 1 was hydrogenated. Thermally, the biplanemer 1 underwent facile Cope rearrangement, followed by dehydrofluorination, to give 1-(4-fluorophenyl)naphthalene and 2-(3-fluorophenyl)naphthalene.
Catalytic Ability of Octopus-Type Calixarene in the Formation of Ethers from Phenols and Alkyl Halides or 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene
Authors: Taniguchi Hisaji , Otsuji Yoshio , Nomura Eisaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation of ethers was catalyzed by 5,11,17,23,29,35-hexa-p-t-butyl-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexakis(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)calix[6]arene (1). It was found that the calixarene-catalyzed reaction of phenol with benzyl bromide in the presence of KOH in CH2Cl2 yields only the O-alkylated product and this reaction proceeds according to Michaelis–Menten type kinetics. The calixarene 1 also catalyzed the reactions of phenols with dichloromethane and 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene.
Synthesis of α-Tocopherol: Scandium(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate as an Efficient Catalyst in the Reaction of Hydroquinone with Allylic Alcohol
Authors: Matsui Makoto , Karibe Norio , Hayashi Kenji , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate was found to be an efficient catalyst as a Lewis acid for the condensation reaction of trimethylhydroquinone with isophytol to afford α-tocopherol. The condensation reaction proceeded smoothly using only a 0.001 molar amount of the catalyst. The catalyst was easily recovered from an aqueous layer after the reaction was completed, and could be reused.
Novel Synthesis of γ-Lactones Starting from β,γ-Unsaturated Carboxylic Esters
Authors: Kayano Akio , Yajima Yumi , Akazome Motohiro , Fujita Makoto , Ogura Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A novel synthetic route to highly substituted γ-lactones was achieved by an intermolecular radical addition to 4-(methylthio)-4-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-3-butenoic ester (1) and its 2-(ethoxycarbonyl) derivative (2), which were easily prepared from (methylthio)methyl p-tolyl sulfone. Upon the irradiation of a solution of 1 and benzophenone in an alcohol (R1R2CHOH), the 1-hydroxyalkyl radical (R1R2C–OH) was generated and added regiospecifically to the 3-position of 1 to form an adduct that led to a γ-lactone by spontaneous intramolecular condensation. Similarly, 2 reacted with the alcohol to give α-(ethoxycarbonyl)-γ-lactones. The alcohol, which is a high boiling liquid or solid, can be employed in the form of a solution (10 molar amounts in acetonitrile) without greatly lowering the reaction efficiency.
A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Nitro Olefins by Nitration of Olefins with Nitrogen Monoxide
Authors: Hata Eiichiro , Yamada Tohru , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Olefins with a terminal double bond or conjugated with aromatic nucleus are successfully nitrated into nitro olefins in good-to-high yields on treatment with nitrogen monoxide (NO) in 1,2-dichloroethane. Nitro alcohols formed as by-products are dehydrated to yield nitro olefins by the subsequent treatment with acidic activated alumina. By GC analysis, it was confirmed that an equimolar amount of nitrogen gas was evolved during the present nitration. A possible reaction pathway including the formation of nitro nitroso compounds, key intermediates, is described. The key intermediates are transformed into nitro olefins by reaction with nitrogen monoxide.
Absolute Configuration of (+)-Aureothin: A Toxic Metabolite Possessing γ-Pyrone Unit
Authors: Ishibashi Yasuharu , Ohba Shigeru , Nishiyama Shigeru , Yamamura Shosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absolute configuration of aureothin (1) has been determined by synthesis of (−)-aureonone (4) bearing R-configuration. X-Ray single crystallographic analysis of 21 guaranteed the stereochemistry of the chiral center introduced by Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, as well as that of isoaureothin (3) which was previously synthesized in a similar pathway. Aureothin (1) itself was also synthesized, although Wittig coupling reaction of 4 under basic conditions, caused a partial epimerization of the chiral center.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of NAPO-5 and NAPO-11
Authors: Elangovan Shanmugam P , Krishnasamy Vengaimuthu , Murugesan Velayutham 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nickel-substituted aluminophosphate molecular sieves (NAPO-5 and NAPO-11) were synthesized hydrothermally using triethylamine and dipropylamine as templates. Structures were confirmed by X-ray powder pattern, and unit cell parameters calculated by a standard least square refinement technique. The isomorphous substitution of nickel in the aluminophosphate framework is evidenced by the considerable increase in unit cell volume compared to unsubstituted AlPO4-5 and AlPO4-11. In addition, electron spin resonance and diffuse reflectance spectra were carried out to produce supporting evidence for the isomorphous substitution of nickel. Acidity was determined by a TPD-TGA method which shows two types of acid sites. Symmetry and asymmetry vibrations were obtained from infrared spectra. Chemical analysis by ICP and BET surface area are also reported. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were correlated towards isomerisation of camphene at various (WHSV)−1 values and temperatures. The products formed are tricyclene and 2-bornene and the selective formation of tricyclene was achieved over these catalysts.
The Catalytic Life of CdBr2–KBr and Its Affect on the Rate of Indole Formation from Aniline and Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Seto Takatoshi , Kujira Katsufumi , Iwane Hiroshi , Imanari Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the liquid-phase synthesis of indole from aniline and ethylene glycol (EG), a CdBr2–KBr catalyst gave a high yield of indole. In recycling experiments using the catalyst in an autoclave, the yield of indole remained stable and the inorganic components of the catalysts did not suffer degeneration. The time course of the reaction under high pressure and high temperature was evaluated using a newly devised autoclave. The rate of formation of indole was determined to be proportional to the concentrations of both EG and the catalyst. Based on these findings for the reaction over CdBr2–3KBr, it is clear that this catalyst provides a simple and low-cost catalytic process for the formation of indole.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of Silicon Polymers
Authors: Yamashita Hiroshi , Tanaka Masato 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Si–H and Si–Si bonds are efficiently transformed by early and late transition metal catalyses that involve possible key elemental steps, such as σ-bond metathesis, the oxidative addition of Si–H and Si–Si bonds, insertion of unsaturated compounds into silylmetals, the reductive elimination of Si–Si and Si–C bonds, and silylene generation via α-substituent migration in silylmetal species. These catalyses have enabled us to develop a dehydrogenative poly/oligosilane formation from hydrosilanes, oligosilane formation via a redistribution of hydrodisilanes, silylene-phenylene polymer synthesis via a redistribution of bis(trihydrosilyl)benzene, and (step-)ladder polycarbosilane synthesis by a dehydrogenative double silylation of diynes with a tetrakis(hydrosilyl)benzene. Insertion of unsaturated compounds (acetylenes, quinones, etc.) into Si–Si bonds of polymer backbones provides a new methodology for the modification/synthesis of silicon polymers. Cyclooligosilanes and cyclic disilanes undergo ring-opening copolymerization with p-quinones to give silylene and arylenedioxy unit-containing polymers. Other relevant processes as well as some chemical and physicochemical properties (ceramization, electric conductivity, thermal stability, etc.) of the resulting polymers are also described.
Structure and Reactivity of C2 Species on Polymetallic Systems
Authors: Akita Munetaka , Moro-oka Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A variety of polymetallic C2 (C2 and C2H) complexes are prepared by structure expansion of parent metal acetylide complexes, Fp*–C≡C–H (1) and Fp*–C≡C–Fp* (2) [Fp* = (η5–C5Me5)Fe(CO)2], and their structure and reactivity have been investigated as models for surface-bound C2 species formed during catalytic CO hydrogenation. The results summarized here involve (1) intramolecular 1,2-H shift of the C2H complexes relevant to the 1-alkyne-to-vinylidene rearrangement within a metal coordination sphere, (2) electronic influence of metal centers on the structure of dinuclear bridging alkynyl complexes, (3) conversion of the C2 moiety into various C2 functional groups, and (4) synthesis of higher nuclearity dicarbide (C2) cluster compounds with novel coordination structure by sequential addition reactions of metal fragments and direct coupling of a preformed low-nuclearity cluster structure.
Nonlinearity of the Enthalpic Response Function to a Temperature Jump and Its Interpretation Based on Fragility in Liquid Glasses
Authors: Fujimori Hiroki , Fujita Hiroaki , Oguni Masaharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Irreversible enthalpy-relaxation processes were tracked under a constant temperature condition by the temperature jump method for liquid 1,3-diphenyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane with an adiabatic calorimeter, and simulated based on a double-well potential model with a computer. The processes were observed to show remarkable nonexponentialities and were characterized in terms of a stretched exponential function. The nonexponentiality parameter (β) depended strongly on the magnitude of the temperature jump, indicating the nonlinearity of the relaxation processes. The results of the nonlinearity parameter (δ) combined with those of 1,2-propanediol and glycerol indicated that the nonlinearity originated primarily due to the fragility of the liquid, namely the non-Arrhenius property of the relaxation times. The degree of the nonlinearity was smaller in the endothermic processes than in the exothermic ones. The difference is discussed based on the results of a computer simulation.
Structure, Composition, and Vibrational Property of Iodine-Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol Studied by Temperature-Dependent I K-Edge Extended X-Ray-Absorption Fine Structure
Authors: Yokoyama Toshihiko , Kaneyuki Kentaro , Sato Hitoshi , Hamamatsu Hiroshi , Ohta Toshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The temperature dependence of the I K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectra of a highly oriented iodine-containing polyvinyl alcohol (I-PVA) film was investigated in order to reveal any local structures around I. It was firstly demonstrated that an analysis of the EXAFS amplitude, which is associated with the Debye–Waller factor (mean square relative displacement) provides information concerning the composition ratio of the dopant species. In the present high-contrast I–PVA film it was found that a significant amount (64%) of isolated I− is present, and that the polyiodine species, which contributes to a high polarization property of I–PVA for ultraviolet and visible light, consists of 21% I3− and 15% I5−, without containing neutral I2.