bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cascade filtration with reverse rinse of the secondary filter
Authors: Valbonesi Mauro , Lercari Giuseppe , Angelini Gerardo , Malfanti Libera , Ferrari Mauro , Russo Emanuele , Nati Sandro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith cascade filtration (CF) secondary filter plugging may render some procedures difficult, particularly with cryoglobulinemia or macroglobulinemia patients, when filters are subjected to the most consistent burden. To prevent plugging, in the initial management of seven patients with cryoglobulinemia or macroglobulinemia we employed polymethylmethacrylate secondary filters produced by Toray Industries Inc., Tokyo, with pores calculated at 0.1 μm (QS‐12‐70). In the subsequent sessions, when circulating macroproteins were reduced to more acceptable levels, secondary filters with pores of 0.06 μm were used (QS‐12‐50). The filtration efficiency of both filters was maintained throughout the procedures with reverse rinses carried out when the transmembrane pressure from the values of 80‐130 mm Hg reached the values of 250 mm Hg. With this improved technique, 2.6‐3.31 liters of plasma could be treated, producing adequate clinical benefits. From a laboratory point of view, the differential sieving for albumin and macroglobulins was 61% for the QS‐12‐50 filters and 56% for the QS‐12‐70 models.
Remission of hyper‐lgE syndrome treated with plasmapheresis and cytotoxic immunosuppression
Authors: Dau Peter C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with a hyper‐IgE syndrome was treated with 60 plasmaphereses over a period of 2 years in conjunction with cytotoxic immunosuppressive drug therapy. During this time her severe dermatitis of 8 years' duration became almost completely inactive, and her circulating IgE level was reduced by 73%. An elevated pretreatment ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes fell to subnormal. The beneficial results of treatment may be attributed to the reduction of lymphocyte populations responsible for IgE production by the combined action of plasmapheresis and of cytotoxic drugs as well as the direct effect of removal of circulating IgE and possibly IgE‐potentiating factors.
Reduction of low‐density lipoproteins with dextran sulfate in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Antwiler G. Delbert , Dau Peter C. , Lobdell Donn D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA novel on‐line system for the selective precipitation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) using dextran sulfate has been devised and tested in four patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (type II). The mean pretreatment serum cholesterol was 410 mg/dl. Plasma was generated by membrane filtration and LDL and VLDL (very‐low‐density lipoprotein) were completely precipitated with 10–35 mg% dextran sulfate (Mr 5,000) in the presence of 55 mM Ca2+. The precipitate was removed by filtration and the excess Ca2+ by dialysis. For 41 procedures the mean reduction of plasma solutes was LDL + VLDL 65%, HDL 23%, fibrinogen 19%, albumin 15%, IgG 20%, IgA 19%, IgM 24%. We conclude that dextran sulfate precipitation is an effective method for selective on‐line removal of LDL from plasma.
Haemonetics plasma collection system (PCS): Automated collection of platelet‐poor or platelet‐rich plasma
Authors: Smith James W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe PCS is an automated centrifugal system designed for rapid collection of platelet poor plasma (PPP) for source or fresh frozen uses, or platelet concentrate and PPP. The microprocessor‐controlled system increases plasma collection efficiency through improved plasma yields, increased donor safety, and operation of multiple machines per operator.600 ml of plasma can be collected in an average of 35 minutes per procedure with greater than 50,000 collections by U.S. commercial organizations. PCS plasma yields 10% greater Factor VIII recovery through fractionation when compared to manually‐collected plasma based upon multiple studies throughout the world. Collection of PRP is an efficient, reliable, safe, and cost‐effective method for processing plasma and the only system available for combined platelet and plasma procurement.
Logistics of automated plasma collection
Authors: McCombie N. , Rock G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlasmapheresis is widely carried out to produce plasma for fractionation. Production of Factor VIII and albumin, two proteins in plasma, drives the plasma industry. The Canadian Red Cross would like to achieve national self‐sufficiency in plasma production to meet the rising demands for these proteins in the next 4 years. In order to achieve this goal we must make efficient use of our automated plasmapheresis machines and available human resources to produce a cost‐effective plasma product.An assessment was undertaken at the Ottawa Centre to evaluate the number of procedures which could be performed on each machine per day and the staff required to operate these machines safely and efficiently. Donor availability, reliability and reasons for donating plasma were recorded to determine if our population could support such an escalated programme. Donor/staff interest and acceptance of automated equipment was determined. The results showed that four automated plasmapheresis devices could be operated by one nurse and one clinic assistant processing 32 donors a day with an average time of 27 min required for a 500‐ml donation of plasma. The donor population was available and extremely interested; however, the logistics of scheduling proved to be an area for concern requiring special attention.
Ex vivo activation of killer monocytes (AKM) and their application to the treatment of human cancer
Authors: Stevenson Henry C. , Lacerna Leocadio V. , Sugarbaker Paul H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman blood monocytes activated by gamma interferon have been shown to be highly tumoricidal against colon cancer cells in vitro. Monocytes from patients with peritoneal colorectal carcinomatosis (PCC) were purified by a combination of cytapheresis and elutriation procedures, followed by in vitro incubation with gamma interferon for 18 hours. After debulking surgery, activated killer monocytes (AKM) were reinfused into patients' peritoneal cavities weekly for 16 weeks. To date, six patients have completed the entire protocol and three have completed maintenance therapy. All have tolerated the therapy well with acceptable toxicity.Midway through the protocol, we analyzed the trafficking pattern of the AKM by prelabeling them with 111in. Distribution was relatively homogeneous throughout the peritoneum; at the second staging celiotomy, three of the seven PCC patients were found to have very small amounts of recurrent disease in places to which the AKM were felt to have had limited access (other areas remained disease‐free); these areas of recurrent disease were surgically resectable.AKM have also been infused systemically into five cancer patients. First, the patients were infused with unactivated 111in‐labeled monocytes; 1 month later each patient received 111In‐labeled gamma interferon‐activated AKM. Trafficking studies indicated that both forms of monocytes migrated to sites in the reticuloendothelial system. We have seen virtually no complications from intravenous infusions of either unactivated or gamma interferon‐activated AKM.These studies indicate that the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer patients with AKM is a feasible and safe procedure.
Plasmapheresis in the treatment of acute relapsing inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A case report
Authors: Wuest David , Goldflnger Dennis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeurologic complications, including both the acute and chronic forms of inflammatory demyelinating polyradku‐loneuropathy (IDP) are becoming more prevalent among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS‐related‐complex (ARC). Although the etiology of the above radicuioneuropathies is not known, an autoimmune process has been postulated. Plasmapheresis has been reported to be of benefit in both the acute and chronic forms of these neuropathies. In this report we describe the use of plasmapberesis in the treatnient of a patient with ARC and the acute relapsing form of IDP. The treatment consisted of an intensive canne of plasmapheresis following his initial presentation and after an acute relapse which occurred several weeks after his initial presentation. Both the initial presentation and relapse involved respiratory compromise necessitatig intubation and mechanical ventilation. In both instances marked clinical improvement was achieved after initiation of plasmapheresis. Thus, plasmapheresis may have a rote in the management of acute relxpsing IDP associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Uncontrolled trial of cryofiltration in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Matehesky Paul S. , Smith James W. , Koo Anna , Clough John , Skibinski Christine , Beck Gerald J. , Nose Yukihiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an open trial of cryofiltration in rheumatoid arthritis at our institution, 19 patients received 464 treatments; the intensive schedule of ten treatments in 5 weeks was completed in 14 of the 19, and excellent to good clinical response was achieved in ten of these. The combined results demonstrated significant reductions in Ritchie index, morning stiffness, and 50‐foot walk time in the intensive treatment period, as well as significant increases in hand grip strengths. In the maintenance treatment period treatment frequency was individually selected and at less frequent intervals. Changes in clinical parameters were notably less. Although significant correlations were observed between the percent change in clinical parameters and the percent change in biochemical and hematolog‐ical parameters, no consistent pattern was found. The favorable results of this trial and other uncontrolled trials has led to a two‐center double‐blind controlled trial of cryofiltration in rheumatoid arthritis that is now in progress.
Preparation of leukocyte‐poor platelets by Filtration
Authors: Sniecinski Irena , Jean Janice St. , Nowicki Barbara 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is evidence that leukocyte contaminating red blood cells and platelet concentrates are responsible for refractoriness to platelet transfusions. The efficacy of a cotton‐wool filter to remove leukocytes from red blood cells has been documented previously. The present study was designed to evaluate whether the cotton‐wool filters can effectively remove leukocytes from platelet concentrates. Sixty pools of random‐donor platelets and single‐donor plateletpheresis products were filtered through a cotton‐wool filter. The efficacy of filtration was determined by measuring the absolute numbers of leukocytes and platelets and subpopulations of mononuclear cells. The average platelet loss was 8% per pool of random platelets and 10% per plateletpheresis product. The average leukocyte removal was 99% from a pool of random platelets and plateletpheresis concentrates collected by CS‐3000 and 90% from plateletpheresis concentrates harvested by single‐stage COBE/IBM‐2997. The filtration removed 100% of granulocytes, 95% of monocytes, 90% of B‐lymphocytes, and 85% of T‐lymphocytes. We conclude that filtration through a cotton‐wool filter is an efficient and cost‐effective method for preparation of leukocyte‐poor platelets.
Current status of granulocyte transfusions to treat neonatal sepsis
Authors: Strauss Ronald G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeonates are unusually susceptible to severe bacterial infections. Antibiotic therapy has been supplemented with granulocyte transfusions (GTX) to treat neonatal infections. The precise role of GTX to treat neonatal sepsis is controversial, and 11 reports (including six controlled studies) were critically analyzed. When all data are combined, 79% of 78 neonates receiving antibiotics plus GTX survived vs. 62% of 90 infants treated only with antibiotics. Among the six controlled trials, four found significantly better survival for neonates given GTX plus antibiotics. However, each of these trials can be criticized (few subjects, heterogeneous patients, defective design, inadequate granulocyte product, etc.). Although firm recommendations for GTX cannot be made currently, it seems reasonable to combine them with antibiotics to treat septic neonates that exhibit neutropenia for age and evidence of a diminished neutrophil marrow storage pool. Once the decision to transfuse is made, neonates should receive a minimum dose of 1 × 109 fresh neutrophils per kg per transfusion.
AIDS in Canada
Authors: Clayton Alastair J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince the first case of AIDS was diagnosed in 1982, there have been over 2,300 cases, as of February 1989, in Canada. The epidemiological pattern of the cases in Canada follows that of the United States with the exception of intravenous drug users.In 1983, the federal government created a National Advisory Committee which is active in advising the Minister of National Health and Welfare on issues for the control and management of AIDS in Canada. In 1985, a $39 million program was announced. An enhanced program of AIDS control was established in July of 1987 with the creation of the Federal Center for AIDS (FCA). This has involved a substantial increase in financial and personnel resources.Canada plays a significant role internationally vis‐à‐vis AIDS; $10 million has been provided to the World Health Organization. The FCA is a WHO Collaborating Centre. In June of 1989, Canada will host the Vth International Conference on AIDS in Montreal.
Plasma exchange in progressive IgA nephropathy
Authors: Nicholls Kathy , Becker Gavin , Walker Rowan , Wright Christopher , Kincaid‐Smith Priscilla 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA therapeutic trial of plasma exchange was performed in 13 patients with documented progressive IgA nephropathy. Comparison of the rate of deterioration in renal function before, during, and after plasma exchange demonstrated significant improvement during plasma exchange. Seven patients had a slowed rate of deterioration by plasma exchange, but achieved a decrease in serum creatinine level. Favourable response was correlated with rapidity of deterioration preplasma exchange (P lt; 0.01) and was apparent within 4 weeks of commencing therapy in those patients who responded. There was no overall difference between the deterioration rates pre‐ and postplasma exchange. In patients in whom creatinine decreased on plasma exchange, the initiation of subsequent dialysis was delayed.
Antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Myasthenia gravis: Effect of therapeutic plasmapheresis
Authors: Nasca Thomas J. , Muder Robert R. , Thomas Dian B. , Schrecker Judith C. , Ruben Frederick L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe removal of specific antibody in experimental animals has been reported to result in a subsequent increase in antibody to levels equal to (rebound) or exceeding those existing prior to removal (overshoot). Anecdotal reports suggest that rebound antibody synthesis after plasmapheresis may occur in humans with autoimmune disorders. We measured the antibody response to 12 pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) receiving a variety of therapies in order to determine whether the T‐cell‐independent IgG response to these antigens was augmented by plasmapheresis. MG patients receiving no immunotherapy or receiving prednisone had pre‐ and post‐immunization titers similar to those of control patients. MG patients receiving prednisone and chronic plasmapheresis had higher pre‐immunization titers than did other patient groups and had significantly higher post‐immunization titers against multiple pneumococcal serogroups. Aggregate post‐immunization geometric mean titers were more than three‐fold higher in the plasmapheresis group as compared with other MG treatment groups. Enhancement of antibody response by plasmapheresis was abolished by the concomitant administration of azathioprine. Antibody rebound and overshoot after antibody removal may have important implications for the therapy of immune disorders by plasmapheresis.
Plasma exchange in endocrine ophthalmopathy
Authors: Berlin Gösta , Hjelm Hans , Liedén Gudrun , Tegler Lennart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied the effects of intensive plasma exchange on endocrine ophthalmopathy in 12 patients with Graves' disease and one with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. All patients were euthyroid at the time of plasma exchange. All but five had concomitant treatment with azathioprine. Each patient had a treatment period consisting of six plasma exchanges performed in 2–3 weeks; two patients were treated in two periods. Each time a mean of 2.4 liters plasma was exchanged.There was a prompt reduction in the concentration of circulating immune complexes and/or thyrotropin receptor antibodies following plasma exchange. Six of the 13 patients improved their proptosis; their median duration of eye symptoms before treatment was less than 8 months. In patients suffering from eye symptoms for more than 1 year improvement was rare. Overall the Hertel values were 24.1 ± 4.4 (SD) before and 22.8 ± 3.4 after plasma exchange for the left eyes (P = 0.07) and 23.8 ± 4.0 before and 23.0 ± 3.8 after for the right eyes (P = 0.09). Nine patients altogether improved their ophthalmopathy index and periorbital oedema.In patients with disabling endocrine ophthalmopathy plasma exchange may sometimes be of value to induce a relief of the ophthalmopathy; when it is used it should be instituted before fibrotic changes occur. We suggest that concomitant immunosuppressive drugs should be given to prevent rebound phenomenon induced by plasma exchange. To establish the role of plasma exchange in the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy controlled studies should be performed.
Reactivity of pretransplant cytotoxic antibodies to a selected HLA panel is not influenced by cyclosporin a, with or without plasma exchange
Authors: Swanepoel Charles R. , Cassidy Michael J. D. , May Margaret , Oudshoorn Machteld , Toit Ernette Du , Wood Lucille , Jacobs Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of 6 weeks of cyclosporin A (CYA), followed by a further 6 weeks of this agent in combination with plasma exchange (PE), was defined on panel reactivity and titre of preformed cytotoxic antibodies in stable patients on haemodialysis awaiting renal transplantation. Nine individuals with antibodies to 30% or more of the donor panel were entered into the study, but three failed to complete the programme. Comprehensive data are available on the remaining six patients, one of whom was studied twice. The pattern of reactivity to the panel was unaltered, but antibody titres were significantly reduced (P < 0.006). In one patient, a lymphocytoxic crossmatch performed between the patient and an HLA‐haploidentical sibling in the last week of the trial was positive, suggesting that neither procedure was successful in removing an antibody directed against the HLA antigens of a family donor. Three cadaver renal transplants were performed during or after the trial, and while two of the grafts were unsuccessful, one survives at 60 months, with good function. From these data it is concluded that neither cyclosporin A nor its combination with plasma exchange have any effect on the panel reactivity of preformed cytotoxic antibodies, whereas the titres were significantly reduced. An important and serious side effect of the apheresis procedure was the loss of fistulae in two patients.
Stimulatory effect of counterflow centrifugal elutriation in large‐scale separation of peripheral blood monocytes can be reversed by storing the cells at 37°c
Authors: Abrahamsen Tore G. , Carter Charles S. , Read Elizabeth J. , Rubin Marc , Goetzman Holly G. , Lizzio Elaine F. , Lee Young Lim , Hanson Michael , Pizzo Philip A. , Hoffman Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransfusion of peripheral blood monocytes may be of benefit as adjuvant treatment of leukopenic patients with serious infections. To study the feasibility of this approach, a large‐scale monocyte separation procedure employing leukapheresis, density gradient centrifugation, and counterflow centrifugal elutriation was established. By processing 5 to 6 liters of normal donor blood, it was possible to obtain a mean of 1.1 × 109 (range: 0.5–1.7 × 109 cells) of mononuclear cells, of which 89% (range: 82–94%) were monocytes by Wright's stain morphology. When the elutriation was performed in XVIVO‐10, a commercially available, serum‐free medium developed for adoptive immunotherapy, spontaneous secretion of superoxide by the monocytes was significantly higher than for monocytes elutriated in Hanks' balanced salt solution without calcium and magnesium or non‐elutriated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This stimulated state of the monocytes was observed both immediately after elutriation and after overnight storage at 4°C, and it was not affected by the type of storage vessel used. Overnight storage of the monocytes at 37°C resulted in a reversal of the stimulated state of the cells. Monocytes elutriated in XVIVO‐10 and kept overnight at 4°C released high amounts of arachidonic acid. A subsequent decrease in this release was seen after additional storage at 37°C for 18 hours. These observations demonstrate that separation and storage variables have important effects on the state of stimulation of monocytes. Further investigations of such variables may suggest improved procedures for preparation and storage of these cells, as well as possible ways to stimulate monocytes prior to transfusion.
Concentration of activated t lymphocytes in extracorporeal blood circulation for plasma separation
Authors: Ijichi Shinji , Mishima Masaki , Matsuda Takemasa , Izumihara Tomomaro , Kojima Kazuhisa , Niimura Tatsuru , Maruyama Ikuro , Osame Mitsuhiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate whether the proportion of activated T lymphocytes changes in an extracorporeal blood flow, we compared paired samples collected at the inlet and outlet lines of an artificial circuit for plasma separation, using a dual‐immunofluorescence flow cytometric technique. In our series of materials from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, the percentages of HLA‐DR‐positive cells in both CD4+ (P < 0.01, n = 6) and CD8+ (P < 0.05. n = 10) subsets were significantly increased in the outlet lines compared with the inlet lines, suggesting that activated T lymphocytes pass through an extracorporeal blood circuit more easily than resting T lymphocytes.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Outcome with plasma exchange
Authors: Roberts Andrew W. , Gillett E. Ann , Fleming Simon J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective analysis was made of 14 consecutive adults with hemolytic uremic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (HUS/TTP) who were treated with plasma exchange (PE). In six patients the disease was primary, whilst in eight HUS/TTP was considered secondary to an associated condition. Thirteen patients had renal involvement, six had central nervous system symptoms or signs, three had fever, and one had myocardial damage.Twelve patients (86%) recovered. Four of these relapsed, but responded to further treatment. Two patients failed to respond and died. Hematological response occurred rapidly in survivors: throrobocytopenia resolved after a median of four exchanges, and hemolysis after a median of six. Four patients had a complete recovery, seven had residual mild end organ damage, and one had severe renal impairment.PE was an effective treatment for both primary and secondary HUS/TTP. The platelet count proved to be the earliest indicator of clinical outcome. Continuing follow‐up of survivors is required because of the risk of relapse and the high incidence of end organ damage.