bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of indicator in the thermodilution technique
Authors: Wong Maylene , Skulsky Albert , Moon Easter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of a second thermistor for detecting the injectate temperature in the extravascular segment of a standard right heart thermodilution catheter is described. Experiments with chilled (0°C) indicator show that the temperature of the injectate as it enters the catheter is always greater than zero and that it depends on time and the gradient between indicator and surroundings; that serial injections made 30 to 60 seconds apart are successively cooler and do not plateau until the third injection. These variables amount to an overestimation in the cardiac output of 3 to 12%.
Elevated ejection fractions in patients with the anginal syndrome and normal coronary arteriograms
Authors: Boden William E. , Smulyan Harold , Potts James , Johnson Lewis W. , Obeid Anis I. , Eich Robert H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe etiology of chest pain in patients with the anginal syndrome and normal coronary arteriograms has not been established. There has been no explanation for the association of electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and myocardial metabolic abnormalities consistent with myocardial ischemia observed in some patients with this disorder. Historical, clinical, laboratory, and hemodynamic data of 45 patients (24 females, 21 males), mean age 47.5 years, with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms are reviewed. Left ventriculograms were analyzed utilizing the single‐plane cineangiographic measurement of left ventricular volume. Systolic ejection fractions for the 45 patients ranged from 0.66 to 0.91 (mean 0.80 ± 0.01 SEM). Ventricular volumes determined angiographically revealed mean end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes of 83 ± 5 ml and 18 ± 2 ml, respectively. The mean changes in longitudinal and transverse segmental axis shortening that occurred during ventricular systole were 28.8% and 50.7%, respectively.These elevated values for ejection fraction, and reduced measurements of ventricular volumes, indicate that some patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms may have small hearts with hyperdynamic ventricular contraction. These findings suggest that hyperdynamic ventricular contraction may play a causative role in the development of transient, angina‐like chest pain in these patients. The etiology of the proposed hyperdynamic ventricle is unknown, but it may be attributable to increased beta‐sympathetic stimulation of the myocardium.
New preformed catheter and method for retrograde left atrial or complete left heart catheterization
Authors: Freeman D. Joe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEmploying a new catheter and technique complete retrograde left heart catheterization was accomplished in 96 of 100 consecutive patients. These 96 patients included 37 with ischemic heart disease, 13 of 17 with isolated aortic valve deformities, 11 with isolated rheumatic mitral valve deformities, 10 with combined rheumatic aortic and mitral valve deformities, and 25 with other problems. The only failures were in 4 (of 27) patients with aortic valve deformities. No untoward complications occurred. The retrograde catheterization fluoroscopy time was usually less than 2 minutes. The shortest time was 44 seconds, the longest, 6 minutes and 2 seconds. These data indicate that this new catheterization method achieves safe, reliable (when the aortic valve is not deformed), simple, and rapid complete left heart catheterization. They further indicate it may be useful in assessing patients with mitral stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, and left‐to‐right shunt problems.
A new technique: Right ventriculography using a preshaped catheter
Authors: Cha Se Do , Maranhao Vladir , Lingamneni Ramesh , Goldberg Harry 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRight ventriculography with a preshaped catheter (J‐ or L‐shaped) was evaluated in make the diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation. Thirty normal subjects who did not have valvular disease showed no evidence of tricuspid regurgitation or premature ventricular contractions during injection except in one case. On the other hand, 24 patients with combined aortic and mitral valve disease showed mild to moderate tricuspid regurgitation in 11 patients and severe tricuspid regurgitation in eight patients. Only two patients developed frequent run of premature ventricular contraction during injection. Seven patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation were found to have severe tricuspid regurgitation during surgery. No evidence of tricuspid regurgitation was found In all six patients with isolated aortic valve disease.We can conclude that right ventriculography by the preshaped catheter improves the diagnostic accuracy of tricuspid regurgitation and a grading system of tricuspid regurgitation by angiography is proposed.
Origin and length of left main coronary artery: Its relation to height, weight, sex, age, pattern of coronary distribution, and presence or absence of coronary artery disease
Authors: Abedin Zainul , Goldberg Judith 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe distance from the base of the left coronary sinus to the origin of the left main coronary artery was measured in 54 patients. The length of the left main coronary artery and the pattern of arterial dominance were determined in the last 37 patients. These variables were correlated with height, weight, age, sex, and presence or absence of coronary artery disease. Average distance from the base of the left coronary sinus to the origin of the left main coronary artery was 19.4 ± 2.7 mm. Average length of the left main coronary artery was 9.7 ± 4.3 mm. There was a large inherent variability between distance from the base of left coronary sinus to the origin of the left main coronary artery and height of the subjects. Other variables did not show positive correlation. Similar large variability was noticed between length of the left main coronary artery and height of the subjects.Thus, from these observations it was not possible to predict the distance from the base of the left coronary sinus to the origin of the left main coronary artery or the length of the left main coronary artery using height or any other variable. The importance of these findings in relation to coronary angiography is discussed.
Problems in the detection of acute severe mitral insufficiency using flow‐directed catheters
Authors: Moore Thomas B. , Holmes David R. , Corcoran Francis H. , Baker William P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA case of acute severe mitral insufficiency is described wherein bedside Swan‐Ganz right heart catheterization failed to establish the diagnosis. Emphasis is given to problems inherent in recording the diagnostic large dominant V‐waves with this technique, and to the necessity of resolving conflicting measurements with conventional cardiac catheterization.
The differential diagnosis of paracardiac lesions: Pericardial cysts
Authors: Unverferth Donald V. , Wooley Charles F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe differential diagnosis of paracardiac lesions includes pericardial cysts (PC), which are benign, developmental lesions. Patients with PC are usually asymptomatic, although chest pain or dyspnea may occur. The diagnosis may be established by chest roentgenogram (radiographic contour and location), fluoroscopy (changes in shape with respiration or positioning the patient), and echography (smooth, cystic contour and characteristic location).We present the diagnostic approach to patients with PC, and a review of the case histories of 12 patients with PC. Two symptomatic patients with PC were treated with surgical excision. Cyst aspiration in two patients yielded clear fluid and was initially considered therapeutic, but was followed by gradual reaccumulation of fluid.Six of ten asymptomatic patients followed for three to ten years did not develop symptoms, nor was there radiographic evidence of progressive PC enlargement. Three of ten died from unrelated causes during the follow‐up period. Although symptomatic patients with PC may require surgical excision, asymptomatic patients with PC should be managed conservatively.
Iliac venous thrombosis in infants and children after cardiac catheterization
Authors: Mathews Robert A. , Park Sang C. , Neches William H. , Fricker Frederick J. , Lenox Cora C. , Zuberbuhler J. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwenty‐two patients developed thrombosis of the lower abdominal portion of the inferior vena cava, iliac or femoral vein (IVT) after cardiac catheterization. All patients had at least one previous study from 1 day to 11 months of age (mean, 2 months) and seven had two catheterizations before discovery of IVT. Transposition of the great arteries was the most common defect associated with IVT (12/22, 55%).From one to seven catheter changes were made during the time of venous cannulation (mean, 105 minutes). No clinical evidence of IVT was present immediately after the preceding cardiac catheterization. The discovery of significant IVT usually necessitated the use of a vein from the upper extremity to complete the cardiac catheterization. IVT was associated with previous BAlloon atrial septostomy using either a Fogarty or Rashkind septostomy catheter in 13/22 patients (59%). In addition, 86% of the patients had either of these BAlloon catheters or a Swan‐Ganz catheter used during a previous study.The potential development of IVT should be considered especially in cyanotic infants and small children in whom balloon catheters are used.
Indicator dilution curves in the diagnosis of D‐transposition of the great arteries in infancy
Authors: Gingell Robert L. , Freedom Robert M. , Hawker Richard E. , Krovetz L. Jerome , Rowe Richard D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPaired right and left atrial indicator dilution curves performed in a series of 17 patients with D‐transposition of the great arteries (D‐TGA) were reviewed. Taken together, the patterns obtained from patients who had trivial mixing between the pulmonary and systemic circulations were distinctive and easily recognizable. In the presence of substantial degrees of intracardiac mixing, however, the paired curves recorded become virtually identical and cannot be distinguished from curves recorded from patients with other forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease characterized by obligatory admixture. Thus paired atrial dye curves demonstrate a high degree of diagnostic specificity for the infant with D‐TGA at greatest risk, normally those with a small intracardiac shunt. Such a procedure should facilitate early balloon atrial septostomy and obviate deterioration in the infant's condition due to prolonged catheter manipulation and/or angiography.
Survival with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery. Significance of the collateral circulation
Authors: Valle M. , Virtanen K. , Hekali P. , Frick M. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFour patients with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery are described. Angina pectoris was severe (NYHA class 3‐4) and had lasted 20 months to seven years. Three patients had experienced a myocardial infarction. All displayed large collaterals arising from a nearly normal right coronary artery and feeding both the left anterior descending and the left circumflex arteries. The left ventricular ejection fractions ranged from 20% to 65%, and all patients had varying degrees of left ventricular asynergy. Coronary artery bypass surgery resulted in a marked improvement in three patients; one patient who underwent an aneurysmectomy died two months after the operation.The data show that total occlusion of the left main coronary artery is compatible with survival if adequate collateral supply develops from the right coronary artery. In this rare angiographic subset collateral circulation is clearly functionally significant.
Comparison of digital boundary detection and semi‐automated analysis of left ventricular cine angiograms
Authors: Smalling Richard , Cole James S. , Skolnick Malcolm H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA technique has been developed to analyze automatically 35 mm left ventricular cine angiograms with an image dissector and digital computer. The analysis procedure detected the ventricular boundary and aortic valve position, then calculated the projected left ventricular area and estimated volume, and performed a polar wall motion analysis as a function of time. The automated method was compared to a semi‐automated method using a technician‐operated electronic cursor linked to a minicomputer.The two methods were used to analyze a set of idealized ventricular models as well as normal and abnormal angiographic data. The volumetric and wall motion data for the idealized models calculated by the two methods were equivalent (r > 0.99). Volumetric analysis of the patients' ventriculograms produced correlation coefficients of 0.88‐0.99. Corresponding wall motion data produced correlation coefficients of 0.72‐0.94. The time necessary to analyze 30 frames of a cine ventriculogram was approximately 30 minutes for each method.
Cardiac rhabdomyoma simulating pulmonic stenosis
Authors: Mahoney Larry , Schieken Richard M. , Doty Donald 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe angiographic and echocardiographic findings of a right ventricular pedunculated rhabdomyoma prolapsing through the pulmonic valve which mimicked the hypoxic spells of tetralogy of Fallot are presented. A dense mass of echoes was seen within the pulmonic valve during systole. The presence of a right ventricular tumor was confirmed by angiography and surgery. The abnormal echoes were no longer seen following surgical excision of the tumor.
Transseptal and retrograde left ventricular catheterization in patients with the stent‐mounted porcine xenograft valve prosthesis in the aortic position
Authors: Handler Jeffrey B. , Thompson Stanley I. , Vieweg W. V. R. , Johnson Allen D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCardiac catheterization techniques for measuring the systolic pressure gradient across the stent‐mounted porcine xenograft in the aortic position and accomplishing left ventriculography are described. The transseptal technique is a rapid and predictable means of entering the left ventricle but requires a highly skilled operator. Retrograde left ventricular catheterization via the femoral artery is a technique familiar to all invasive cardiologists. Usually, a pigtail catheter is used. In patients with the stent‐mounted porcine xenograft in the aortic position, we have found the A2 Multipurpose catheter to be the fastest and most predictable means of entering the left ventricle from the groin. Potential complications of retrograde left ventricular catheterization in patients with aortic valve prostheses are discussed.
Myocardial ischemia after left ventriculography: Pathophysiology and clinical significance
Authors: Iskandrian Abdulmassih S. , Lichtenberg Richard , Segal Bernard L. , Kimbiris Demetrios , Bemis Charles E. , Mintz Gary S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of contrast material on the left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were evaluated in three groups of patients. Twenty patients (group I) with severe coronary artery disease (CAD) were found to have a change in LVEDP ≥ 20 mm Hg; 15 patients (group II) with severe CAD had elevation of LVEDP <20 mm Hg; ten patients (group III) with normal coronary angiograms had a rise in LVEDP <20 mm Hg. The change in LVEDP was higher in group I than in groups II and III (P <0.005). Nineteen patients (95%) in group I complained of angina pectoris or had ST segment depression (or both) after ventriculography in association with the sharp increment in LVEDP. Angina or ST depression were seen in only two patients (13%) in group II and none in group III. We conclude that 1) elevation of LVEDP of 20 mm Hg or more after ventriculography may be seen in patients with severe CAD (most likely secondary to direct depressant effect of the contrast material on the myocardium) and 2) the abrupt and marked rise in LVEDP may produce myocardial ischemia due to reduction of coronary blood flow, especially to the subendocardial layer.
The effect of acute aortic regurgitation on the transthoracic impedance cardiogram
Authors: Schieken Richard M. , Patel Mahendra R. , Falsetti Herman L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn nine anesthetized dogs, recordings of the first derivative of the transthoracic impedance cardiogram (ICG) were made during varying grades of acute aortic regurgitation. Acute aortic regurgitation was induced using a specially designed umbrella catheter, passed retrograde across the aortic valve into the left ventricle. The RFA (representing the fraction of the aortic reverse flow to the aortic forward flow) was computed using an electromagnetic flow probe implanted around the ascending aorta. Both the peak of the scalar ICG, dz/dtmax, which occurs at peak systolic ejection, and the nadir of the scalar ICG, X, which marks the closing of the aortic valve, increased with aortic regurgitation. The planimetered areas of the ICG during systole (S̄), and in early‐diastole (X̄) increased during aortic regurgitation. These areas, S̄ and X̄, correlated with the electromagnetic normalized aortic stroke volume (r = 0.90) and the regurgitant volume (r = 0.78), respectively. The ICG ratio X̄/S̄ was correlated directly with the electromagnetic aortic regurgitant fraction (r = 0.86). This study demonstrates that the ICG waveform is consistently modified by experimental aortic regurgitation. Furthermore, these changes can be quantitatively related to the degree of aortic regurgitation.
Truncus arteriosus communis, an unusual anatomical variant of type I
Authors: Zamora Carlos , Jain Suresh Chand , Muñoz‐Castellanos Luis , Testelli Mario 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present a case of type I truncus arteriosus communis characterized by the horizontal origin of the main pulmonary artery from the common trunk and by a winding course up to a total length of 11.5 cm to the point of bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. Other than cyanosis the patient had a normal clinical history, which was followed for 20 years. The length of the main pulmonary artery could be related to the lower site of the incomplete septation of the common trunk, and it seems that hemodynamic factors contributed to this unusual configuration.
Coronary artery—left ventricular communications
Authors: Grollman J. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVogelbach et al, in their recent article in Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis, describe two patients with small communications between the major branches of the coronary arteries and the left ventricle with associated chest pain [1]. Although they described this as a rare entity, I, among many others in the Southern California area, have noted several similar cases over the years, which raises the possibility that the finding is a normal variant that might also be found in individuals without chest pain.
Orifice‐view aortography in patients with congenitally deformed aortic valves: Determination of aortic valve area
Authors: Folger Gordon M. , Sabbah Hani N. , Anbe Daniel T. , Stein Paul D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOrifice‐view aortography is a contrast cineaortographic technique that allows en face viewing of the aortic valve. In this projection the anatomic configuration of the aortic valve is identified, and it is possible to planimeterize the visualized aortic valve opening and accurately determine the orifice area. Fifteen individuals with congenitally deformed aortic valves with gradients ranging from trivial (<10 mm Hg) to surgically significant (> 60 mm Hg) were subjected to aortic orifice area measurement by orifice‐view aortography, and the area was compared with the peak systolic gradient and valve area. The results yielded a close correlation with the aortic valve area index as measured hydraulically or, as in three instances, directly from the surgically excised specimen (r = 0.94). A satisfactory correlation was also shown with the valve area index and the peak aortic valve gradient (r = 0.85). These observations indicate that orifice‐view aortography is an accurate method for the measurement of the aortic valve orifice and may be particularly useful when hydraulic measurements are unattainable or invalid.
Myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending artery: Evaluation using exercise thallium‐201 myocardial scintigraphy
Authors: Greenspan Mitchell , Iskandrian Abdulmassih S. , Catherwood Edward , Kimbiris Demetrios , Bemis Charles E. , Segal Bernard L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeven patients with myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery were evaluated by means of thallium‐201 exercise scintigraphy. The degree of systolic narrowing was 60–70% in five patients and 75–80% in two patients. All patients had presented with chest pain. The resting electrocardiogram was normal in six patients; there were ST segment and T‐wave abnormalities in one patient. No patient complained of chest pain during exercise. The exercise electrocardiogram was negative in six patients and inconclusive in one patient. Exercise myocardial scans were negative in all seven patients. We conclude that no evidence of ischemia was demonstrated in patients with myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery as determined by exercise electrocardiography and stress thallium‐201 scintigraphy.
Obstruction to left ventricular inflow secondary to combined mitral annular calcification and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Authors: Hakki A‐Hamid , Iskandrian Abdulmassih S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present an elderly woman with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) and obstruction to left ventricular inflow. The inflow obstruction is thought to be due to massive mitral annular calcification. The association of IHSS and inflow obstruction is rare and may be overlooked unless careful hemodynamic measurements are obtained.
Subaortic annular left ventricular aneurysm: An unusual cause of aortic regurgitation
Authors: Olowoyeye John O. , Thadani Udho , Charrette Edward J. P. , Salerno Tomas A. , Parker John O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA subaortic left ventricular aneurysm in a 21‐year‐old white woman is described. The clinical features were those of moderately severe aortic regurgitation, and the chest x‐ray film showed cardiac enlargement with a bulge on the left heart border. Angiography confirmed the presence of gross aortic regurgitation and revealed an aneurysm behind the aortic root. At surgery, the aneurysm was found to be located below the aortic valve ring and communicated with the left ventricle through an ostium of 2.5 cm. Aortic valve replacement and closure of the aneurysmal ostium were carried out successfully.