bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EML4‐ALK fusion gene is involved in various histologic types of lung cancers from nonsmokers with wild‐type EGFR and KRAS
Authors: Wong Daisy Wing‐Sze , Leung Elaine Lai‐Han , So Kimpton Kam‐Ting , Tam Issan Yee‐San , Sihoe Alan Dart‐Loon , Cheng Lik‐Cheung , Ho Kwok‐Keung , Au Joseph Siu‐Kie , Chung Lap‐Ping , Pik Wong Maria ,   University of Hong Kong Lung Cancer Study Group
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein‐like 4‐anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4‐ALK) fusion gene resulting from the chromosome inversion inv(2)(p21;p23) recently was identified in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors of this study investigated the frequency, genetic and clinicopathologic profiles of EML4‐ALK in Chinese patients with NSCLC.METHODS:EML4‐ALK was investigated in 266 resected primary NSCLC, including adenocarcinomas (AD), lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and adenosquamous carcinomas, by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and was verified by sequencing. EML4‐ALK protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Thirteen tumors (4.9%) had EML4‐ALK comprising 4 fusion transcript variants with fusion of the variable segments from 5′ EML4 to 3′ ALK and with preservation of the ALK kinase domain. The most common variant consisted of 8 tumors with variant 3 that involved EML4 exon 6. The others included 2 tumors with variant 1 (exon 13), 2 tumors with variant 2 (exon 20), and 1 tumor with the novel variant 5 (exon 18). There were 11 ADs and 2 unusual carcinomas with mixed squamous and glandular components. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated diffuse ALK fusion proteins in the tumor cell cytoplasm. EML4‐ALK was associated with nonsmokers (P = .009). Tumors with the fusion gene had the wild‐type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (P = .001) and v‐Ki‐ras2/Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) genes. Patients who had EML4‐ALK‐positive AD had a younger median age (P = .018) compared with patients who did not have the fusion gene.CONCLUSIONS:The EML4‐ALK fusion gene was present in various histologic types of NSCLC. It occurred in mutual exclusion to EGFR and KRAS mutations and was associated with nonsmokers. The authors concluded that EML4‐ALK may be useful for predicting the potential response to ALK inhibitors as a therapeutic option for patients with lung cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Cervicovaginal cytological abnormalities in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, in relation to disease stage, CD4 cell count and viral load
Authors: Micheletti Adilha Misson Rua , Dutra Valéria de Freitas , Murta Eddie Fernando Cândido , Paschoini Marina Carvalho , Silva‐Vergara Mário Leon , e Silva Gisele Barbosa , Adad Sheila Jorge 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to assess infections and cytologic abnormalities in cervicovaginal smears from 153 HIV‐positive women and 169 HIV‐negative followed up at the UFTM School of Medicine between May 1999 and May 2002. The medical records and cervicovaginal smears were reviewed and the HIV‐positive group was classified according to CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, antiretroviral therapy and HIV subgroups (with or without disease; with or without therapy) and compared to HIV‐negative group.We conclude that the frequency of Candida sp, Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis in cervicovaginal smear, is not different between HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women, even if the HIV‐group is subdivided according to CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, antiretroviral therapy and HIV subgroups.The frequency of LSIL, in cervicovaginal smears, was greater in the HIV‐group (17.6%) than in the HIV‐negative (4.1%); there was no difference between the two groups according to frequency of HSIL (4.6% versus 1.8%), ASCUS/AGUS (7.8% versus 3.5%) and invasive carcinoma (1.3% versus 0.6%). The frequency of LSIL was greater in the HIV positive group with CD4 cell count < 350 cells/mm3. The viral load, therapeutic regimen and HIV subgroups (HIV‐positive without therapy, HIV‐positive with therapy, AIDS by immunological criteria and AIDS by clinical criteria) have not shown relationship with LSIL frequency, until now. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conjunctival impression cytology in trachoma
Authors: Anshu  , Gangane Nitin , Venkataramanan V. R. , Patil Vidyadhar M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTrachoma is one of the leading causes of blindness and clinical examination remains the mainstay of diagnosis. However there is need to evaluate simple, inexpensive techniques which can be used for screening of trachoma in endemic regions.We report two cases where conjunctival impression cytology played a part in confirming the diagnosis of trachoma. We used a modified technique of obtaining conjunctival impressions, which not only met with better patient compliance and minimal ocular distress, but also provided better cellularity and morphology of cells for evaluation.The impression smears showed squamous metaplasia and loss of goblet cells. The cytoplasm of these cells had a hazy, moth eaten appearance and showed presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions. These basophilic inclusions were present singly and in clusters and were around 5 μm in diameter. A large number of these inclusions were present extracellularly as well.Conjunctival impression cytology is a simple procedure which needs to be evaluated for its potential to be used for screening trachoma in endemic areas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discriminating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the liver: The utility of immunocytochemical panel
Authors: Saleh Husain A. , Aulicino Michael , Zaidi Sayed Y. , Khan Aurang Zeb , Masood Shahla 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe cytomorphologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy are well described. However, correctly diagnosing HCC on cytologic features alone and differentiating it from metastatic adenocarcinoma (MAC) remains a challenge. Studies have recommended the use of various immunocytochemical (ICC) stains to aid in the diagnosis and distinction of these tumors with variable success rates.In this study, we evaluated a panel of seven ICC stains, HepPar1, glypican‐3, polyclonal and monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen (pCEA, mCEA), MOC‐31, CK7, and CK20, in 42 FNA cases of HCC and 48 FNA cases of MAC. The aim was to identify the most sensitive and specific markers and the best panel for accurate diagnosis. Overall, 38 of 42 HCC and 44/48 MAC tumors were correctly identified by a panel of four markers, CK7, MOC‐31, HepPar1, and glypica‐3, with accuracy rate of 90.5 and 91.7%, respectively. In the HCC group, glypican‐3 was most sensitive and detected in 34/42 (81%), whereas HepPar1 and pCEA were less sensitive and detected in 30/42 (71.4%) and 21/42 (50%), respectively. In the MAC group, MOC‐31 was most sensitive and detected in 38/48 (79.2%), followed by CK7 in 20/48 (41.7%).Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that a panel of glypican‐3, HepPar1, MOC‐31, and CK7 is most helpful in diagnosing and accurately differentiating HCC from MAC on FNA biopsies of the liver.We conclude that a panel of HepPar1, glypican‐3, MOC‐31, and CK7 accurately and statistically significantly differentiates these two malignancies (P < 0.05). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multinucleated giant cells in HIV‐associated benign lymphoepithelial cyst‐like lesions of the parotid gland on FNAC
Authors: Gupta Nalini , Gupta Ruchi , Rajwanshi Arvind , Bakshi Jaimanti 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBenign lymphoepithelial cyst‐like lesion (BLEL), a previously rare lesion of the parotid gland consisting of marked lymphoid hyperplasia with accompanying squamous‐lined cysts, has been described in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS risk factors. Histologically, these cysts are lined by a squamous or cuboidal epithelium. The lumen contains a pale homogenous material with foamy macrophages and lymphocytes with the cyst wall having germinal centers and a dense infiltrate of lymphoid cells. On FNAC, the aspirates are mostly cystic with the presence of reactive lymphoid tissue, numerous histiocytes, and metaplastic cell clusters. Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are also rarely seen in such lesions. We report a case of HIV‐associated BLEL with numerous large sized multinucleated giant cells. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myelomatous pleural effusion in a patient with plasmablastic myeloma: A case report
Authors: Chang Hung , Chou Wen‐Chi , Lee Shen‐Yang , Huang Jeng‐Yi , Hung Yu‐Hsin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMyelomatous pleural effusion is an unusual clinical condition associated with poor outcomes. We report a case with myelomatous pleural effusion upon the presentation of the disease. The patient had multiple risk factors for inferior prognosis of multiple myeloma, including old age, immunoglobulin D (IgD) isotype, high lactate dehydrogenase, C‐reactive protein, β2‐microglogulin levels, and a high myeloma cell burden in the bone marrow. The myeloma cells in both bone marrow and pleural effusion had characteristic features of plasmablasts, including gigantic size, large and eccentrically placed nuclei, fine cytoplasm, and prominent nucleoli. Immunophenotypical analysis showed the plasmablastic cells in the pleural effusion were positive for surface CD38, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, both κ and λ light chains but negative for surface CD19 or CD79a. Our experience suggests that the diagnosis of myelomatous pleural effusion should be made with clinical alertness and careful cytological examination, preferably supplemented by immunophenotypical analysis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tracking gene expression during zebrafish osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Li Nan , Felber Katharina , Elks Phil , Croucher Peter , Roehl Henry H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe transcription factors RUNX2 and OSX have been shown to act sequentially to direct mammalian osteoblast differentiation. RUNX2 is required during the early stages of commitment and acts in part to activateOsxtranscription. OSX and RUNX2 then act to direct transcription of bone matrix proteins. Here, we investigate the expression of these genes and others during zebrafish osteoblastogenesis. Using whole‐mount in situ hybridization, we find that, during the formation of a given bone, the zebrafish homologues of mouseRunx2(runx2aandrunx2b) are typically expressed before the onset ofosx.osxexpression is usually followed by up‐regulation of the bone matrix proteins,col1a2andosteonectin. These results suggest that the mammalian pathway is conserved during development of the head and shoulder skeleton of zebrafish. We also analyze the expression of three atypical bone markers (tcf7,cvl2, andcol10a1) in an effort to place them within this canonical hierarchy. Developmental Dynamics 238:459–466, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FGF receptor dependent regulation of Lhx9 expression in the developing nervous system
Authors: Atkinson‐Leadbeater K. , Bertolesi G.E. , Johnston J.A. , Hehr C.L. , McFarlane S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLIM‐homeodomain (LIM‐hd) proteins form a multifunctional family of transcription factors that plays critical roles in the development of progenitor and post‐mitotic cells. Considerable work has focused on what regulates their expression post‐mitotically in the spinal cord. However, little is known about what regulates LIM‐hd genes at earlier developmental stages. To address this question, we explored the role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling in regulating the expression of a Xenopus laevis Lhx9 orthologue (XLhx9). XLhx9 is first expressed in the eye field and hindbrain, and when FGF receptor (FGFR) activation was inhibited prior to its onset, both brain and eye field expression was diminished. However, when FGFRs were inhibited after XLhx9 onset, retinal expression remained strong and brain expression was again diminished. These data suggest that while FGF signalling initiates and maintains brain XLhx9 expression, in the eye primordium the requirement of FGFs for expression is rapidly lost. Developmental Dynamics 238:367–375, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors 1‐5 in the developing nervous system
Authors: Meng H. , Lee V. M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) binds to G protein–coupled receptors and can regulate a wide range of cellular functions. In a previous study, we isolated two key enzymes in the S1P pathway that were expressed in migrating neural crest cells. To determine if S1P receptors are present in neural crest cells or peripheral nervous system, we examine the expression patterns of S1P receptors (S1pr1‐5) in mouse, and s1pr1 and s1pr3 in chick embryos. Here, we present a comprehensive expression analysis of these receptors using in situ hybridizations, which provide spatiotemporal information. We showed that S1pr2 was expressed in migrating cranial neural crest cells and enteric neurons. S1pr1 was prominently expressed in the neuroepithelium whereas S1pr4 and S1pr5 were in neurons at later stages. On the contrary, S1pr3 was predominantly detected in non‐neuronal cells within and surrounding neural structures. We also described novel expression sites for S1P receptors in the developing nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 238:487–500, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Governing long‐term social–ecological change: what can the adaptive management and transition management approaches learn from each other?
Authors: Foxon Timothy J. , Reed Mark S. , Stringer Lindsay C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMaintaining social welfare and opportunity in the face of severe ecological pressures requires frameworks for managing and governing long‐term social–ecological change. In this paper we analyse two recent frameworks, adaptive management and transition management, outlining what they could learn from each other. Though usually applied in different domains, the two conceptual frameworks aim to integrate bottom‐up and top‐down approaches, and share a focus on the ability of systems to learn and develop adaptive capacity whilst facing external shocks and long‐term pressures. Both also emphasize learning from experimentation in complex systems, but transition management focuses more on the ability to steer long‐term changes in system functions, whilst adaptive management emphasizes the maintenance of system functions in the face of external change. The combination of iterative learning and stakeholder participation from adaptive management has the potential to incorporate vital feedbacks into transition management, which in turn offers a longer‐term perspective from which to learn about and manage socio‐technical and social–ecological change. It is argued that by combining insights from both frameworks it may be possible to foster more robust and resilient governance of social–ecological systems than could be achieved by either approach alone. The paper concludes by critically reflecting upon the challenges and benefits of combining elements of each approach, as has been attempted in the methodology of a research project investigating social–ecological change in UK uplands. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
On the Effect of Coordination and Protonation Preferences in the Amphiphilic Behavior of Metallosurfactants with Asymmetric Headgroups (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 3/2009)
Authors: Lesh Frank D. , Hindo Sarmad Sahiel , Heeg Mary Jane , Allard Marco M. , Jain Prateek , Peng Bo , Hryhorczuk Lew , Verani Cláudio N. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows an artistic rendition of the main chemical motifs in the paper, namely, a metalloamphiphile, compression isotherms, and Brewster angle micrographs, along with model complexes with distinctive protonation states. Details are discussed in the article by C. N. Verani et al. on p. 345 ff.
Novel negatively charged tentacle‐type polymer coating for on‐line preconcentration of proteins in CE
Authors: Xu Liang , Dong Xiao‐Yan , Sun Yan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel negatively charged tentacle‐type polymer‐coated capillary column was fabricated and applied for on‐line extraction and preconcentration of proteins. The polymer coating was prepared by glycidyl‐methacrylate graft polymerization in a silanized capillary column and the following sulfonic acid group functionalization. It had high surface area and offered high phase ratio for protein adsorption. In addition, the polymer‐coated capillary column provided more stable EOF than a bare uncoated capillary. These features of the polymer coating facilitated the extraction of proteins through electrostatic interactions. This was used to extract proteins. The extracted analytes were then desorbed and focused by EOF in the direction opposite to the sample injection flow for subsequent CE. With this procedure, over 1500‐fold sensitivity enhancement was realized for myoglobin (MB) as compared with a normal capillary zone electrophoresis. By comparison of the peak areas of the enriched protein, it was found that the polymer‐coated column could capture proteins about 30 times more than the uncoated column. In addition, the separation of a protein mixture containing 0.4 μg/mL of MB and 0.4 μg/mL of insulin was demonstrated by the on‐line preconcentration and electrophoretic separation with the polymer‐coated column.
Implied deterministic volatility functions: An empirical test for Euribor options
Authors: Kuo I‐Doun , Wang Kai‐Li 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study proposes the implied deterministic volatility function (IDVF) for the volatility as the function of moneyness and time in the Heath, Jarrow, and Morton (1992) model to price and hedge Euribor options across moneyness and maturities from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2005. The IDVF models are extended to two‐ and three‐factor models, indicating that they are potential candidates for interest rate risk management. Based on the criteria of in‐sample fitting, prediction, and hedging, it is found that two‐factor IDVF models provide the best in‐sample and prediction performance, whereas three‐factor IDVF models yield the best results for hedging. Correctly specified multifactor models with the volatility as the function of moneyness and time can replace inappropriate onefactor models. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:319–347, 2009
Decreased expression and promoter methylation of the menin tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cavallari Ilaria , Silic‐Benussi Micol , Rende Francesca , Martines Annalisa , Fogar Paola , Basso Daniela , Vella Manuela Della , Pedrazzoli Sergio , Herman James G. , Chieco‐Bianchi Luigi , Esposito Giovanni , Ciminale Vincenzo , D'Agostino Donna M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLoss of menin, a tumor suppressor coded by the MEN1 gene, is a key factor in the pathogenesis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I and in a percentage of sporadic endocrine tumors of the pancreas and parathyroid glands. This study investigated expression of the menin protein in the normal exocrine pancreas and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common pancreatic tumor. Immunofluorescence (IF) analyses showed that menin is expressed at high levels in normal acinar and duct cells. Examination of 24 clinical samples of PDAC revealed a pronounced decrease in menin expression in all tumors examined. To identify alterations underlying this defect, we searched for disruption and epigenetic silencing of the MEN1 gene. Analysis of nine laser‐microdissected tumors revealed loss of heterozygosity of intragenic (one tumor) or adjacent (three tumors) MEN1 microsatellite markers. Methylation of CpG sites in the MEN1 promoter was documented in five of 24 tumors. IF analyses also revealed low to undetectable menin expression in the PDAC cell lines MiaPaCa‐2 and Panc‐1. Ectopic expression of menin in these cells resulted in a marked alteration of the cell cycle, with an increase in the G1/S+G2 ratio. These findings represent the first evidence that the MEN1 gene is a target of mutation and methylation in PDAC and that menin influences the cell cycle profile of duct cells. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss,Inc.
Adaptively weighted association statistics
Authors: LeBlanc Michael , Kooperberg Charles 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe investigate methods for testing gene‐disease outcome associations in situations where the genetic relationship potentially varies among subjects with differing environmental or clinical attributes. We propose a strategy which modestly increases multiple testing by evaluating weighted test statistics which focus (or enrich) association tests within subgroups and use a Monte‐Carlo method, based on simulating from the approximate large sample distribution of the statistics, to control type 1 error. We also introduce a stage‐wise calculated test statistic which allows more complex weighting on multiple environmental variables. Results from simulation studies confirm improved power of the proposed approaches compared to marginal testing in many situations.Genet. Epidemiol. 33:442–452, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional α7‐containing nicotinic receptors of NG2‐expressing cells in the hippocampus
Authors: Vélez‐Fort Mateo , Audinat Etienne , Angulo María Cecilia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn the postnatal central nervous system, glial cells expressing the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2 (NG2‐cells) constitute a cell population exhibiting several properties of oligodendrocyte precursors such as the ability to proliferate. One particular feature of NG2‐cells is that they express several glutamatergic and GABAergic ionotropic receptors activated by synaptic neurotransmitter release. Here, we used patch‐clamp recordings, immunostaining, calcium imaging, and intracellular labeling to test for the presence of ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in NG2‐cells identified in acute hippocampal slices of mice. We demonstrated that these cells express functional nAChRs during the second postnatal week, i.e., the period in which they become the most abundant proliferative cell type of CA1 stratum radiatum. Pharmacological experiments showed that NG2‐cells express α7‐containing nAChRs. In particular, the powerful positive allosteric modulator of these receptors PNU‐120596 induced a 20‐fold increase of agonist‐induced currents and revealed rises in intracellular calcium concentration upon agonist applications. In addition, nanomolar concentrations of nicotine, which did not induce any response in these cells, largely desensitized nAChR‐mediated currents. These data indicate that the functional expression of Ca2+‐permeable α7‐containing nAChRs in hippocampal slices is not restricted to neurons and that the receptors of NG2‐cells can be desensitized by low concentrations of nicotine. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.