bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder
Authors: Wheeler M H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Only 5 cases of recurrent spontaneous bladder rupture have been reported in the literature. The present report is of a patient who developed a spontaneous rupture on two occasions within 5 years. The first rupture was treated without bladder suture. A pelvic fracture 12 months before the first episode is considered to be a probable aetiological factor.
The calcium palmitate gall-stone
Authors: Cowie A G A , Sutor D June , Wooley Susan E , Clark C G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Crystallographic studies have recently shown that calcium palmitate is the fourth most abundant crystalline constituent of gall-stones. In a study of the gall-stones from 31 consecutive patients undergoing operation at University College Hospital, London, in 1970, 2 patients were found whose stones contained calcium palmitate as the sole crystalline constituent, and a stone from a third patient had this compound as the major component. Three other patients had small beads of calcium palmitate in stones consisting predominantly of cholesterol. Some points of interest concerning these stone-formers are reported.
Renal function and hypertension in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Chowdhury S D , Gray J G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fifteen patients with histologically proven primary hyperparathyroidism have been investigated with special reference to renal function and the occurrence of hypertension. The patients have been followed up clinically, biochemically, and radiographically for a period of 8 months to 5 years after surgery. In all cases the serum-calcium levels returned to normal immediately after parathyroid adenectomy.
Satisfactory renal function was maintained in all but I of the cases who had had normal preoperative renal function tests. However, renal damage once established persisted and even progressed after parathyroid adenectomy. Renal function, therefore, did not improve after operation.
At follow-up examination a decrease in the number of renal calculi was found in only 2 cases. None of the patients showed formation of new renal calculi or increase in size of those present preoperatively.
Hypertension was present in 6 patients preoperatively. Six months after operation 2 more patients became hypertensive. Both of these patients had shown evidence of renal damage preoperatively. In another case the patient became normotensive 3 months after operation. The severity of renal functional impairment did not bear any relationship to the degree of hypertension although it is possible that the hypertension is secondary to the renal lesion.
Intrapulmonary lipoma associated with multiple pulmonary hamartomas
Authors: Jones E L , Lucey J J , Taylor A Brian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA pulmonary lipoma is described in a 64-year-old male, involving the right middle lobe, associated with a separate area of intrapulmonary ossification and a central intrabronchial hamartoma.It is postulated that the lipoma most probably arose from one of the multiple pulmonary hamartomas.
Computer-assisted statistical analysis of skeletal scintigrams
Authors: Galasko C S B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Forty-two consecutive skeletal scintigrams of the dorsal and lumbar spine have been statistically analysed using an Elliott 4120 Computer. Each patient had, in addition, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the dorsal and lumbar spine taken. All the patients have been followed up for a minimum of 18 months. In each patient the radiological, scintigraphic, and statistically analysed data have been compared and the accuracy of the results determined by the subsequent progress made by the patient. The results indicate that the computer analysis introduced both false positives and false negatives, and it is suggested that, at the moment, the computerassisted statistical analysis of the skeletal scintigram is not sufficiently reliable for clinical use.
The controlled use of vasodilator drugs in the management of hypovolaemia complicated by diminished cardiac function
Authors: Pagliero K M , Yates A K , Hill D G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The fundamental importance of precise measurement of cutaneous temperature rather than the cursory assessment with the back of the hand in cases of shock or diminished tissue perfusion has been well described by Ross, Brock, and Aynsley-Green (1969). They showed examples where core/toe temperature gradients reflected hypovolaemia in postoperative cardiac surgical patients and further showed how this information could be used to guide α-blockade therapy to overcome peripheral vasoconstriction, thus allowing rapid correction of hypovolaemia by transfusion.
One criticism levelled by antagonists to this form of treatment is that α-blockade drugs cause hypotension. This article shows that with careful control α-blockade should not cause significant hypotension. Furthermore, in patients with hypotension of cardiogenic origin, α-blockade may be safely used in the treatment of coincidental hypovolaemia.
Acalculous gall-bladder disease
Authors: Gunn A , Keddie N C , Fox H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A prospective study of 130 consecutive unselected patients submitted to cholecystectomy for biliary disease has been made. Nineteen patients (14.6 per cent) were found to have acalculous gall-bladder disease. The clinical history of these patients did not differ significantly from those with calculous disease, whilst the radiological and histopathological findings in this group were variable.
Eleven of these 19 patients were completely relieved of their symptoms by surgery and it appeared that cholecystectomy was most successful in the patients with a history of either severe pain or previous acute cholecystitis. It is concluded that chronic gall-bladder disease may be acalculous and that, despite the lack of a homogeneous pathological background, surgery is of considerable value in a high proportion of such cases.
The management of upper gastro-intestinal tract haemorrhage
Authors: Hegarty M M , Grime R T , Schofield Philip F 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo hundred successive patients with upper gastro-intestinal tract haemorrhage were admitted to a surgical unit for management. One hundred and thirty-five patients (67.5 per cent) had a chronic peptic ulcer, 33 patients (16.5 per cent) had acute lesions (either an erosive gastritis or an acute gastric ulcer), and 32 patients (16 per cent) were a mixture of other diagnoses, of which 13 (6.5 per cent) were simple conditions but 19 (9.5 per cent) were conditions with a bad prognosis, e.g., carcinoma of the stomach, oesophageal varices, aortic aneurysm. Surgery was undertaken for massive, continuing, or recurrent bleeding and was as ‘conservative’ as thought possible. In duodenal ulcer this consisted of suture of the ulcer with vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and suture of the ulcer with vagotomy where possible in cases of anastomotic ulcer. In gastric ulcer only those less than 2 cm. in diameter were treated by suture with vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Ulcers greater than 2 cm. in size requiring surgery were treated by gastrectomy.In the 181 patients whose underlying condition had a good prognosis there were 7 deaths (4 per cent). In this group 81 operations were carried out; 61 were ‘conservative’ operations for peptic ulcer, 2 were for repair of a hiatus hernia, and there were 18 gastrectomies, usually for a large gastric ulcer. There were 2 deaths among the operated patients; 1 after gastrectomy and 1 after a ‘conservative’ operation. There were 5 deaths among the 100 patients in the group which was treated non-operatively. There were 8 deaths among the 19 patients with underlying conditions of grave prognosis.The case for the admission of patients with upper gastro-intestinal tract bleeding to a surgical unit is fully discussed and it is advocated together with a selective policy for operation. Where operation is necessary this should be as conservative as possible for bleeding duodenal ulcer, chronic gastric ulcer less than 2 cm. in size (ulcers of larger size may well respond but the method was not assessed for such ulcers), solitary acute gastric ulcer, and anastomotic ulcer. Gastric resection should be retained for the few patients with diffuse erosive gastritis requiring surgery and possibly for patients with a very large chronic peptic ulcer.
Ruptured spleen: A radiological pitfall and a suggested modification
Authors: Leigh Peter G A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The diagnosis of splenic injury may be obvious from the outset, or it may either be masked by other injuries or present much later in the phase of convalescence. Delayed rupture may occur as late as 1 month after injury, at which time it may be embarrassing for the doctor and dangerous for the patient. Any additional diagnostic measure is therefore considered appropriate in cases of abdominal trauma. Schorr and Danon (1967) described the value of a film taken in the left lateral decubitus position with barium in the stomach, and noted the significance of a distance of more than 3 cm. from the greater curvature of stomach to the lateral abdominal wall. A case is described in the present paper in which a false-positive result was obtained with the method of Schorr and Danon (1967) owing to interposition of a heavy mobile omentum. A right lateral decubitus film had been taken while the patient had a gas-filled stomach, and had revealed a distance of only 2.2 cm. between the greater curve and lateral abdominal wall. In this projection the mobile omentum had obviously fallen away, allowing the stomach to rise towards the left abdominal wall and thus demonstrating the absence of a fixed mass in this region.
Although it would appear that this technique is more useful in cases of delayed rupture than in acute cases, it is suggested that routine use be made of the right lateral decubitus film with a gas-filled stomach, prior to films being taken according to Schorr and Danon's (1967) method. This modification might also be useful in the diagnosis of diseases of the spleen, and in following the progress of patients after treatment.
The association of peptic ulcer and abdominal aortic aneurysm and its significance
Authors: Bouhoutsos J , Barabas A , Martin Peter 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twelve out of 51 consecutive patients who were operated on for unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm were found to have, in addition, a peptic ulcerr. Of these 12 patients, 7 developed complications (haemorrhage or perforation) in the immediate postoperative period. Eight of the 51 patients died following operation and the commonest cause of death (5 out of 8 patients) was either haemorrhage or perforation of a peptic ulcer.
On the basis of these observations it is suggested that in patients with both an aortic aneurysm and a peptic ulcer vagotomy and pyloroplasty with gastrostomy should be carried out at the same time as aortic reconstruction.
An unusual case of spontaneous perforation of the oesophagus
Authors: Bradbrook R A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An unusual case is reported of spontaneous perforation of the oesophagus in which there was a marked absence of intial smptoms. It is suggested that this condition be considered in the differential diagnosis of extensive hydropheumothorax. The importance of early diagnosis as a perequisite to successful treatment is emphasized.
The effect of topical ampicillin on wound-infection rate after cholecystectomy
Authors: Logan C J H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
No carefully controlled trial of the use of topical ampicillin in cholecystectomy wounds has been described. A series of 100 consecutive cholecystecomies performed by one surgeon using this drug in a double-blind manner is reported. The efficacy of topical ampicillin in lowering the wound-infection rate as shown by other authors is not confirmed.
Problems in acute hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Burcharth F , Vibe-Hansen H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The diagnostic and therapeutic problems of acute hyperparathyroidism are discussed on the basis of 4 selected cases. A highly raised serum-calcium level was demonstrated in all 4 cases. Serum-calcium determinations should be undertaken in every case which presents a vague clinical picture. Primary hyperparathyroidism should be treated by operation as soon as the diagnosis has been made, before any other surgical therapy of accompanying disorders is carried out, such therapy being liable to provoke a crisis requiring immediate operation.
Peripheral gangrene as the presentation of myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Gillespie Gordon 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Six cases of myeloproliferative disorders (polycythaemia vera in 4, idiopathic thrombocythaemia in 2) are reported. In every case the presenting feature was pain associated with peripheral ischaemia and gangrene. Initial treatment by chemical sympathectomy affords symptomatic relief and improvement in foot circulation, though correction of the haematological abnormality is probably the most important factor in reversing the ischaemic process.
The autogenous saphenous vein loop for haemodialysis
Authors: Calman K C , Quin R O , Paton A M , Briggs J D , Bell P R F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eleven autogenous saphenous vein loops have been used in 9 patients on haemodialysis in order to gain access to the circulation. All the patients lacked peripheral vessels available for alternative procedures. These grafts have functioned satisfactorily for over 18 months and have proved technically easy to construct and efficient to use. Three loops thrombosed after successful renal transplantation, and 1 developed an aneurysm which was repaired. One vein loop failed during dialysis. In 1 patient the graft enlarged considerably and she died of congestive cardiac failure; the part played by the graft in the development of the cardiac failure remains uncertain.
The reduction of surgical wound infections by prophylactic parenteral cephaloridine: A controlled clinical trial
Authors: Evans Christine , Pollock A V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a series of 762 general surgical wounds 376 were selected at random to receive three parenteral doses of cephaloridine and 386 remained as untreated controls. In all types of operation, with the exception of wounds in the lower extremities associated with arterial surgery, the rate of wound infection was lowered by the prophylactic use of cephaloridine. The results were statistically significant for total wounds, clean wounds, total contaminated wounds, and contaminated wounds other than in colorectal surgery. We therefore recommend the routine use of three doses of cephaloridine.
The significance of humoral antibodies in the localization of human malignant melanoma
Authors: Lewis Martin G , McCloy E , Blake J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A study of patients with malignant melanoma, in various stages of the disease, by means of regular repeated examination of sera for the presence of tumour antibodies is presented.
These antibodies were mostly seen in patients with early or localized tumours and were not related to the total mass or volume of the tumour present. Sequential testing in individual patients showed not only the disappearance of antibodies as the disease progressed from localized to disseminated, but also that the disappearance preceded the appearance of disseminated tumour by several months. It is, therefore, suggested that circulating tumour antibodies are important in preventing or delaying blood-borne metastases.
Streptokinase therapy in deep-vein thrombosis
Authors: Mavor G E , Dhall D P , Dawson A A , Duthie J S , Walker M G , Mahaffy R G , Allardyce M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Experience with the use of streptokinase in the treatment of iliofemoral venous thrombosis is described. Streptokinase in a dose sufficient to induce systemic controlled defibrination was administered via an indwelling cannula which was used for repeated phlebography during the course of lysis and for several days afterwards. Of 40 patients treated, 10 had complete clearance and 24 partial clearance of the thrombus with the establishment of an iliofemoral channel. In 5 patients lysis did not occur and in 1 it was followed by early rethrombosis.
Two cases of idiopathic volvulus of the small bowel
Authors: Postlethwaite J C , Dupont P A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Volvulus of the entire small bowel about its mesentery without predisposing anatomical defects is rare in the Western world but more common in less developed countries. Two cases are described, the aetiology is discussed, and a valuable diagnostic sign is highlighted. It is suggested that the high mortality is avoidable by prompt diagnosis and early surgery.
Acute diffuse phlegmonous gastritis
Authors: Williams B L , Beeby D I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Phlegmonous gastritis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the stomach and is thought to have first been described by Galen in 1600; its recognition as a bacterial cellulitis of the submucosa and muscularis is attributed to Cruveilhier in 1820. Three hundred and ninety cases were described in the world literature up to 1969. This case is of interest because the patient displayed a number of the typical features of the disease, and also because from a search of the literature of the past 12 years she appears to be only the second of the proven cases to have resolved with conservative management.
The surgical treatment of peptic ulcer. A 15-year review
Authors: Callum K G , Talbot J E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A 15-year retrospective study of 713 patients having surgical treatment for peptic ulcer was carried out. A comparison of gastrectomy with vagotomy and drainage was made. The ways in which other factors may affect the outcome were also studied.
The results are discussed and some conclusions drawn.
Bladder function following abdominoperineal excision of the rectum for carcinoma
Authors: Fowler J W 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDenervation of the bladder was demonstrated in 8 of 28 patients following abdominoperineal excision of the rectum. It is suggested that routine postoperative bladder-function studies be performed to detect this complication and thus to enable suitable postoperative care and long-term follow-up to be undertaken.
Omental transposition in the treatment of radionecrosis
Authors: Cort David F , Collis J Leigh 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A technique is described for the closure of chestwall defects following radical excision for radionecrosis. Such defects are usually extensive with an avascular bed and often involve an opening into the pleural cavity; surgical closure poses significant; problems. The method described here utilizes a transposed omental flap to provide a vascular bed for a skin-graft, whilst cephalad shifting of the origin of the diaphragm is used to close the pleural defect. This latter innovation has the dual advantages of simplicity and effectiveness, whilst greatly facilitating the passage of the omentum to the chest wall with minimal risk of omental strangulation.
Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices
Authors: Pugh R N H , Murray-Lyon I M , Dawson J L , Pietroni M C , Williams Roger 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Emergency ligation of bleeding oesophageal varices using the Milnes Walker technique was performed in 38 patients. Haemorrhage continued or recurred in hospital in 11 patients, all of whom subsequently died. A further 10 patients died in hospital following operation from hepatic failure and a variety of other causes. Five patients were finally considered suitable for elective shunt surgery, but of 12 patients who were discharged without a further operation, only 2 have re-bled. Although the overall 6-month survival was 32 per cent, in patients with good preoperative liver function this rose to 71 per cent, and the simple scoring system for grading the severity of disturbance of liver function was found to be of value in predicting the outcome of surgery.
Since the results of emergency ligation of bleeding oesophageal varices in our hands have been so disappointing we are currently using it less and are trying the mesenteric caval jump graft as an emergency operation for the control of bleeding varices.
Seat-belt injuries of the left colon
Authors: Shennan John 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two patients with a particular type of isolated injury to the left colon produced by the lapstrap of a seat belt are described. The literature on this subject is reviewed and the features and management of these injuries are discussed, with particular reference to the delay in presentation often seen in such patients and to the frequent association with ischaemic damage which makes proximal colostomy advisable where primary repair is undertaken.
Gastric secretory response to insulin infusion in vagotomized subjects
Authors: Carter D C , Dozois R R , Kirkpatrick J R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of the insulin-infusion test carried out after vagotomy in 50 patients are presented. In 25 cases a comparison was made between the insulin-infusion test and the conventional Hollander test. A good correlation was observed between the peak acid output induced by insulin infusion and that noted during the Hollander test. It is concluded that with the present criteria for interpretation the insulin-infusion test may be no better than the Hollander technique for defining patients at risk of recurrent dyspepsia. However, the small amounts of insulin used, the gradual lowering of blood-glucose, and the reduced incidence of profound hypoglycaemia which attend the insulin-infusion test suggest that this technique should be adopted for the assessment of vagotomy in preference to the potentially dangerous Hollander test.
Treatment of combined external iliac artery and vein injury by cross-over femorofemoral arterial and venous grafts with temporary arteriovenous shunt
Authors: Gardner A M N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The case is presented of a patient whose left external iliac artery and vein were inadvertently divided during attempted intestinal resection for diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon.
Gangrene of the leg was almost inevitable, direct vascular surgery was impossible, but an indirect approach by thrombectomy and double cross-over femorofemoral arterial and venous grafts with temporary arteriovenous shunt fully restored the life of the limb.
During the operation severe bleeding occurred through the mesh of the woven Teflon prosthesis.
Cardiac sequelae of haemorrhagic shock
Authors: McArdle C S , Fisher W D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Using selective cardiac catheterization and a 133Xe wash-out technique, myocardial blood-flow and oxygen utilization were studied in greyhounds during and following brief and prolonged haemorrhagic hypotension. The progressive fall in myocardial oxygen extraction as the shock period was prolonged and the subsequent failure of myocardial oxygen consumption to rise during re-infusion suggested the presence of a metabolic defect in the myocardial cell.
The use of a special ‘elemental’ diet was shown to eliminate the intestinal blood-loss typical of canine haemorrhagic shock models; despite this the apparent myocardial cellular metabolic defect persisted.
In addition, a myocardial depressant factor which depressed myocardial function in vitro was isolated from ultrafiltrates of post-shock plasma.