bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional herbal medicine regulatory implementation in Ethiopia: a qualitative study
Authors: Usure Rashed Edris , Kebebe Dereje , Mekasha Yesuneh Tefera , Hasen Gemmechu , Chura Waritu Nuredin , Dubale Sileshi , Suleman Sultan 
Published: April 2024

Background: Approximately 80% of the Ethiopian population predominantly depends on herbal medicines (HMs) for their primary healthcare needs. Nevertheless, worries regarding the safety, efficacy, and standard of herbal-based treatments have been escalating due to the lack of strong regulatory frameworks. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the presence of regulatory frameworks for traditional herbal medicines and their enforcement in Ethiopia.Methods: The qualitative–phenomenological study design was conducted from November 2021 to March 2022 G.C. The study included 25 regulatory official key informants (KIs) who work for national and regional medicine regulatory agencies, and 15 traditional herbal medicine (THM) practitioners who work at the regional level were purposefully selected for an in-depth interview (IDI). An in-depth interview guide was developed through the purposive sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques.Results: The study found that the current national medicine proclamation is deemed inadequate in the regulation of THM. Both conventional and traditional herbal medicines are regulated by a single agency. Weak legal enforcement, a lack of government commitment and support, resource constraints, and inadequate regulatory tools are the main challenges faced in THM regulation.Conclusion: Overall, the study found inadequate legal frameworks and weak THM regulatory implementations in Ethiopia. Consequently, it is critical for all regulatory authorities in Ethiopia to exert their utmost efforts to effectively regulate THM.
Phenotypic mismatch between suspects and fillers but not phenotypic bias increases eyewitness identifications of Black suspects
Authors: Jones Jennifer M. , Katzman Jacqueline , Kovera Margaret Bull 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionDespite converging evidence that people more closely associate the construct of criminality with Black people who exhibit a more African facial phenotype than Black people who express a more European phenotype, eyewitness researchers have largely ignored phenotypic bias as a potential contributor to the racial disparities in the criminal legal system. If this form of phenotypic bias extends to eyewitness identification tasks, eyewitnesses may be more likely to identify Black suspects with an African rather than European phenotype, regardless of their guilt status. Further, in cases where the witness’s description of the perpetrator does not contain phenotypic information, phenotypic mismatch between the suspect and the other lineup members may bias identification decisions toward or against the suspect. If witnesses can use elements of the lineup construction to guide their identification decisions rather than relying on their recognition memory, then the lineup should be deemed unfair due to suspect bias. The current study also investigated lineup presentation method as a procedural safeguard, predicting that that when lineups were presented simultaneously, there would be a significant two-way interaction of phenotypic bias and lineup composition, with a larger simple main effect of phenotypic bias when lineups were suspect-biased (i.e., the fillers were a phenotypic mismatch to the suspect) than when all lineup members shared the same phenotype. We expected that this interaction would be significantly smaller or non-significant for sequential lineups.MethodsParticipants watched a mock crime video that contained a Black culprit with either a more African phenotype or a less African phenotype before attempting identifications from a photo array that contained a suspect whose phenotype always matched the culprit viewed in the video, but varied in culprit-presence, phenotypic match of the suspect and fillers, and presentation method.ResultsParticipants did not identify Black suspects with Afrocentric features more often than Black suspects with Eurocentric features. However, witnesses made more identifications of suspects when the fillers did not match the suspect’s phenotype compared to when all lineup members possessed similar phenotypic features.DiscussionIn sum, phenotypic bias did not influence our participant-witnesses’ identification decisions, nor interact with lineup composition and lineup presentation type to affect identifications of suspects, suggesting that phenotypic bias may be less influential in match-to-memory tasks than other types of legal decision-making (e.g., determining guilt and sentencing). However, the suggestiveness created by failing to match fillers’ phenotypes to the suspect’s phenotype can be avoided with proper attention to fair lineup construction.
A controlled evaluation of social prescribing on loneliness for adults in Queensland: 8-week outcomes
Authors: Dingle Genevieve A. , Sharman Leah S. , Hayes Shaun , Haslam Catherine , Cruwys Tegan , Jetten Jolanda , Haslam S. Alexander , McNamara Niamh , Chua David , Baker James R. , Johnson Tracey 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThere have been few controlled evaluations of Social Prescribing (SP), in which link workers support lonely individuals to engage with community-based social activities. This study reports early outcomes of a trial comparing General Practitioner treatment-as-usual (TAU) with TAU combined with Social Prescribing (SP) in adults experiencing loneliness in Queensland.MethodsParticipants were 114 individuals who were non-randomly assigned to one of two conditions (SP, n = 63; TAU, n = 51) and assessed at baseline and 8 weeks, on primary outcomes (loneliness, well-being, health service use in past 2 months) and secondary outcomes (social anxiety, psychological distress, social trust).ResultsRetention was high (79.4%) in the SP condition. Time × condition interaction effects were found for loneliness and social trust, with improvement observed only in SP participants over the 8-week period. SP participants reported significant improvement on all other outcomes with small-to-moderate effect sizes (ULS-8 loneliness, wellbeing, psychological distress, social anxiety). However, interaction effects did not reach significance.DiscussionSocial prescribing effects were small to moderate at the 8-week follow up. Group-based activities are available in communities across Australia, however, further research using well-matched control samples and longer-term follow ups are required to provide robust evidence to support a wider roll out.
Serum neuroactive metabolites of the tryptophan pathway in patients with acute phase of affective disorders
Authors: Li Yanli , Wang Leilei , Huang Junchao , Zhang Ping , Zhou Yanfang , Tong Jinghui , Chen Wenjin , Gou Mengzhuang , Tian Baopeng , Li Wei , Luo Xingguang , Tian Li , Hong L. Elliot , Li Chiang-Shan R. , Tan Yunlong 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundMany studies showed disrupted tryptophan metabolism in patients with affective disorders. The aims of this study were to explore the differences in the metabolites of tryptophan pathway (TP) and the relationships between TP metabolites and clinical symptoms, therapeutic effect in patients with bipolar disorder with acute manic episode (BD-M), depressive episode (BD-D) and major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsPatients with BD-M (n=52) and BD-D (n=39), MDD (n=48) and healthy controls (HCs, n=49) were enrolled. The serum neuroactive metabolites levels of the TP were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item (HAMD-17) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used to evaluate depressive and manic symptoms at baseline and after 8 weeks of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, some also received antipsychotic medication.ResultsThe levels of tryptophan (TRP) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) were significantly lower and the ratios of tryptophan/kynurenine (TRP/KYN), 5-hydroxytryptamine/tryptophan (5-HT/TRP), quinolinic acid/kynurenic acid (QUIN/KYNA) were higher in BD-M, BD-D, MDD vs. HC. The levels of QUIN and the ratios of QUIN/KYNA were higher in BD-M than in BD-D, MDD, and HCs. The 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels of patients with MDD were significantly higher than those in BD-M and BD-D. Binary logistic regression analysis showed the lower peripheral KYNA, the higher the QUIN level, and the higher the risk of BD-M; the lower peripheral KYNA and the higher KYN/TRP and 5-HT/TRP, the higher the risk of BD-D; and the lower the peripheral KYNA level and the higher the KYN/TRP and 5-HT/TRP, the higher the risk of MDD. Correlation analysis, showing a significant association between tryptophan metabolites and improvement of clinical symptoms, especially depression symptoms.ConclusionsPatients with affective disorders had abnormal tryptophan metabolism, which involved in 5-HT and kynurenine pathway (KP) sub-pathway. Tryptophan metabolites might be potential biomarkers for affective disorders and some metabolites have been associated with remission of depressive symptoms.
E-cigarette use, psychological distress, and daily activity participation among adults in Riyadh
Authors: Aljohani Fenoon Abdullah , Alzubaidi Bakriah Yahyaa , Al-Rafdan Reem Hamdan , Alblawi Hanan Mutiq , Alrehayan Rama Hani , Alsenan Ghada Abdulrahman , Almohaya Hadeil Salman , Taha Mona Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe prevalence of e-cigarettes is significantly increasing among adults as an alternative method to tobacco smoking. However, the chemical products of e-cigarettes have an influence on human general health. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between e-cigarette use and psychological distress as well as participation in daily activities among adults in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It also evaluates the demographic profile and usage patterns of e-cigarette users.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 396 e-cigarette smokers in Riyadh city. An online survey was administered, including questions about smoking patterns and the perceived effects of e-cigarettes on activities of daily living. Additionally, mental health were assessed using the Kessler 6 scale.ResultsMost of the participants were educated young males (61.4%). About 29.5% of the participants reported using e-cigarettes primarily to quit tobacco cigarettes. In addition, e-cigarette usage was significantly associated with lower participation in activities of daily living and higher psychological distress.ConclusionThis study found that many e-cigarette users are well-educated young individuals who use e-cigarettes as a substitute for traditional cigarettes. However, the study also revealed that using e-cigarettes is associated with negative effects on smokers’ daily activities and mental health.
Research priorities in trans health: a Delphi-study
Authors: Jurek Lucie , De la Chenelière Marie , Lapoirie Marion , Neuville Paul 
Published: April 2024

PurposeProgress has been made in understanding trans health needs, but research priorities are often set by policy or healthcare professionals without trans input, which may not reflect public needs. Our study sought to identify trans health research priorities in France from both researchers and the trans community.MethodsExpert stakeholders (health and social sciences professionals, trans individuals, and their families) answered a three-round Delphi survey on trans health research priorities. The first round involved an open-ended questionnaire, analyzed qualitatively. In the second round, participants ranked research propositions from round one using a Likert scale. The study’s second phase involved a two-hour workshop with experts and trans individuals.Results53 participants (32% trans individuals/relatives, 60% health professionals) contributed 217 responses to open-ended questions, leading to 44 research priorities. After the two voting rounds, a total of five proposals reached a strong consensus cut-off and were considered as the main research priorities: evaluation of the effect of puberty blocker use in trans children and adolescents (95%), evaluation of the effect of supporting trans children and adolescents (92%), study of the support systems available for trans youth and their parents (86%), persistence of trans identity around puberty (prevalence, persistent persons characteristics) (86%), and needs assessment survey of the support for adolescents and their families (83%). Thirteen other proposals were considered moderate priorities.ConclusionThe main consensus in our French study concerned research on trans-youth care and support needs. Our results may guide further trans-health research that meets the public’s needs and desires.
Explaining changes in educational disparities in competent maternal health care services in urban and rural areas in Ethiopia
Authors: Shibre Gebretsadik , Mekonnen Wubegzier , Haile Mariam Damen 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionAggregate statistics of maternal health care services have improved in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, the country has one of the lowest Universal Health Coverage (UHC) service coverage indices, with slight improvement between 2000 and 2019. There are disparity studies that focus on a single dimension of inequality. However, studies that combine multiple dimensions of inequality simultaneously may have important policy implications for closing inequalities. In this study, we investigated education inequalities in the receipt of maternal health care services in rural and urban areas separately, and we examined whether these inequalities decreased, increased, or remained unchanged.MethodsThe data for the study came from the 2011 and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys. Using women's education as a dimension of inequality, we separately analyzed inequalities in maternal health care services in urban and rural settings. Inequalities were measured through the Erreygers concentration index, second differences, and Relative Index of Inequality (RII). Whether inequalities changed over time was analyzed by relative and absolute measures. An Oaxaca-type decomposition approach was applied to explain changes in absolute disparities over time.ResultsThere were glaring educational disparities in maternal health care services in urban and rural areas, where the services were more concentrated among women with better schooling. The disparities were more severe in urban than in rural areas. In urban areas, skilled birth service was the most unequal in both periods. Disparities in rural places were roughly similar for all services except that in 2011, postnatal care was the least unequal, and in 2016, skilled birth was the most unequal services. Trend analyses revealed that disparities significantly dropped in urban by absolute and relative measures. Conversely, in rural regions, the disparities grew by the concentration index measure for most services. The RII and second differences presented conflicting results regarding whether the gaps were increasing, shrinking, or remaining the same.ConclusionSubstantial disparities in maternal health care services remained and even increased, as in rural areas. Different and targeted strategies are needed for urban and rural places to close the observed educational inequalities in these areas.
Assessing Outcomes of Patients Subject to Intensive Care to Facilitate Organ Donation: A Spanish Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Pérez-Blanco Alicia , Acevedo María , Padilla María , Gómez Aroa , Zapata Luis , Barber María , Martínez Adolfo , Calleja Verónica , Rivero María C. , Fernández Esperanza , Velasco Julio , Flores Eva M. , Quindós Brígida , Rodríguez Sergio T. , Virgós Beatriz , Robles Juan C. , Nebra Agustín C. , Moya José , Trenado Josep , García Nieves , Vallejo Ana , Herrero Eugenio , García Álvaro , Rodríguez Maria L. , García Fernando , Lara Ramón , Lage Lucas , Gil Francisco J. , Guerrero Francisco J. , Meilán Ángela , Del Prado Nayade , Fernández Cristina , Coll Elisabeth , Domínguez-Gil Beatriz 
Published: April 2024

Intensive Care to facilitate Organ Donation (ICOD) consists of the initiation or continuation of intensive care measures in patients with a devastating brain injury (DBI) in whom curative treatment is deemed futile and death by neurological criteria (DNC) is foreseen, to incorporate organ donation into their end-of-life plans. In this study we evaluate the outcomes of patients subject to ICOD and identify radiological and clinical factors associated with progression to DNC. In this first prospective multicenter study we tested by multivariate regression the association of clinical and radiological severity features with progression to DNC. Of the 194 patients, 144 (74.2%) patients fulfilled DNC after a median of 25 h (95% IQR: 17–44) from ICOD onset. Two patients (1%) shifted from ICOD to curative treatment, both were alive at discharge. Factors associated with progression to DNC included: age below 70 years, clinical score consistent with severe brain injury, instability, intracranial hemorrhage, midline shift ≥5 mm and certain types of brain herniation. Overall 151 (77.8%) patients progressed to organ donation. Based on these results, we conclude that ICOD is a beneficial and efficient practice that can contribute to the pool of deceased donors.
New Insights into the Production of Assyrtiko Wines from the Volcanic Terroir of Santorini Island Using Lachancea thermotolerans
Authors: Tzamourani Aikaterini , Paramithiotis Spiros , Favier Marion , Coulon Joana , Moine Virginie , Paraskevopoulos Ioannis , Dimopoulou Maria 
Published: April 2024

Assyrtiko is a rare ancient grape variety of Greece, which is known to produce Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Santorini white wines. Besides the famous character of the volcanic terroir, Assyrtiko of Santorini is also marked by a low pH value and sharp acidity. The aim of the present study was to apply a new inoculation procedure that modulates the fermentation process by maintaining the unique sensorial characteristics of Assyrtiko wines based on acidity. For this purpose, the Lachancea thermotolerans species, known for the formation of lactic acid, was tested in sequential fermentation with three different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. At the end of the fermentation process, implantation control for S. cerevisiae strains (interdelta sequence profile analysis) was performed, oenological parameters were determined according to the OIV protocols, and the volatile compounds produced were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Finally, all produced wines were evaluated by quantitative descriptive analysis by two groups of experts; the Greek team of oenologists from Santorini Island specialized in Assyrtiko wines, and the French team of oenologists specialized in wine from Bordeaux. As expected, the inoculated strain was the one that dominated the fermentation process, but nine S. cerevisiae indigenous strains were also identified in the produced wines. Lachancea thermotolerans produced 1 g/L of lactic and also modulated the volatile profile of the wines independently of the S. cerevisiae strain used. The origin of the panelists played an important role in bringing up sensorial traits, such as acidity. Our results led to a new interesting application of L. thermotolerans for white wine production adapted to climate change claims.
Étude sur l'examen d’entrée en sixième dans cinq établissements scolaires parisiens
Authors: Guerbet-Seux A.M. , Reuchlin Maurice 
Published: April 2024

Les notes obtenues par 1 000 élèves à l’examen d’entrée en 6e dans cinq établissements parisiens, en 1954 et 1955, sont étudiées.
La comparaison des dix moyennes (par établissement et par année) montre que certaines matières fournissent systématiquement des notes plus basses que d’autres. C’est le cas pour la dictée, épreuve dans laquelles 85 candidats sur 500 en 1 954 et 1 46 candidats sur 500 en 1 955 ont obtenu la note 0. La signification de ce fait est discutée. Le ca¬ ractère conventionnel de la note 0 est souligné, caractère qui explique pour une part les fluctuations des notes d’une année à l’autre, dans le même établissement. Ces fluctuations suggèrent également l’idée que les barèmes de correction de certaines épreuves (Questions sur la Dictée, Compte rendu de lecture, Présentation) peuvent être inter¬ prétés plus diversement, d’un établissement à l’autre, que ne le sont les barèmes d’autres épreuves (dictée et calcul).
On montre ensuite que le coefficient réel affectant une épreuve dépend de la marge des notes effectivement utilisées par les correcteurs. Ces échelles effectives de notes variant beaucoup selon les épreuves et selon les établissements, il en résulte que les coefficients réels diffèrent de ceux qui sont prévus par les textes, et diffèrent d’un établissement à l’autre.
Le principe de techniques permettant d’atténuer ces imperfections est indiqué.
Construction d’une échelle collective de niveau intellectuel
Authors: Benedetto Pierre 
Published: April 2024

En 1965, l'Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques a organisé une enquête sur le niveau intellectuel des enfants d'âge scolaire.
Cette enquête avait pour but de dénombrer les enfants nécessitant un enseignement spécialisé. Mais elle doit aussi permettre diverses études sur les facteurs de développement intellectuel.
Un échantillon de 100 000 enfants représentatif de la population scolaire française avait été examiné.
Pour réaliser cette enquête l'Institut National d' Etudes du Travail et d'Orientation Professionnelle a construit une Echelle Collective de Niveau Intellectuel.
Cette échelle est une épreuve d'intelligence générale, composée de plusieurs sous-tests et structurée en quatre cahiers consécutifs. Chaque cahier est centré sur un niveau scolaire. Tous les cahiers comprennent les mêmes types de questions. On a aménagé des recouvrements entre deux cahiers consécutifs. Les étalonnages seront donnés en Q.I. : un Q.I. verbal, un Q.I. non verbal et un Q.I. global.
Influence des situations familiales sur la scolarité d’une population d’adolescents nés en 1952
Authors: Mathieu E. 
Published: April 2024

Dans l’année scolaire 1966-1967, une enquête sur une population d’adolescents nés en 1952, conduite d’après les seules données statistiques, fait ressortir une influence des situations familiales sur le niveau de scolarité.
Ces 647 adolescents sans qu’il y ait à noter de différence entre les filles (330) et les garçons (317) se répartissent de la classe de seconde d’un lycée à la mise au travail, avec ou sans apprentissage. Leur répartition est fonction :
du niveau socio-professionnel des pères et mères ;
du nombre des frères et sœurs ;
du rang dans la fratrie ;
des difficultés particulières à certaines familles (divorce, veuvage), toutes situations extérieures à l’enfant.
L’étude d’une population plus nombreuse, résidant en d’autres secteurs géographiques, permettrait d’approfondir les questions soulevées, de vérifier ce qui n’est qu’interrogation et approche d’une réalité.
Le choix professionnel des adolescents
Authors: Mathieu E. 
Published: April 2024

En l’année scolaire 1967-1968 un millier d’adolescents questionnés sur leurs goûts professionnels, préférences et rejets, ont volontiers donné leur réponse.
Dépouillant ces réponses, nous avons constaté que les adolescents sont optimistes quant à leur avenir, mais que leur ambition varie suivant leur situation scolaire. Nous avons distingué les attitudes des élèves de trois groupes : élèves de classes primaires, élèves de troisième de C.E. G., élèves de troisième de lycées. Nous avons suivi les fluctuations du réalisme et de l’irréalisme dans les trois groupes, entre la classe de septième et leur classe actuelle. Nous avons remarqué qu’ils avaient en commun les mêmes préférences professionnelles, qu’ils se référaient aux mêmes catégories de métiers, mais se situaient à des niveaux hiérarchiques différents.
Nous avons conclu par le besoin d’informer l’adolescent, en utilisant la force et la direction de ses intérêts.