bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smaller regional volumes of brain gray and white matter demonstrated in breast cancer survivors exposed to adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Inagaki Masatoshi , Yoshikawa Eisho , Matsuoka Yutaka , Sugawara Yuriko , Nakano Tomohito , Akechi Tatsuo , Wada Noriaki , Imoto Shigeru , Murakami Koji , Uchitomi Yosuke ,   and The Breast Cancer Survivors' Brain MRI Database Group
Published: November 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Previous studies have shown cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors who were exposed to adjuvant chemotherapy. Neural damage by chemotherapy might have played some part in these findings. The current study explored the regional brain volume difference between breast cancer survivors exposed to adjuvant chemotherapy (C+) and those unexposed (C−).METHODS.High‐resolution 1.5‐tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) databases of breast cancer survivors and healthy controls were used. Brain images were preprocessed for optimal voxel‐based morphometry. Comparisons of gray matter and white matter were performed between the C+ and the C− groups, by using MRI scans from within 1 year (the 1‐year study, n = 51 and n = 55, respectively) or 3 years after their cancer surgery (the 3‐year study, n = 73 and n = 59, respectively). As exploratory analyses, correlation analyses were performed between indices of the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised and regional brain volume where the volume were significantly smaller. As a reference, MRI scans of cancer survivors were compared with those of healthy controls (n = 55 for the 1‐year study and n = 37 for the 3‐year study).RESULTS.The C+ patients had smaller gray matter and white matter including prefrontal, parahippocampal, and cingulate gyrus, and precuneus in the 1‐year study. However, no difference was observed in the 3‐year study. The volumes of the prefrontal, parahippocampal gyrus, and precuneus were significantly correlated with indices of attention/concentration and/or visual memory. Comparisons with healthy controls did not show any significant differences.CONCLUSIONS.Adjuvant chemotherapy might have an influence on brain structure, which may account for previously observed cognitive impairments. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Second solid cancers after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gallagher Genevieve , Forrest Donna L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this study was to establish the incidence and risk factors for the development of second solid cancers after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT).METHODS.The authors reviewed the case files of 926 consecutive patients who underwent allo‐HSCT at their institution between 1985 and 2003.RESULTS.Twenty‐eight patients developed 30 solid malignancies at a median of 6.8 years after allo‐HSCT (range, 0.12–17.3 years) for a 10‐year cumulative incidence of 3.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2–5%; all solid tumors) and 2.3% (95% CI 1–4%; excluding basal cell carcinoma and carcinoma in situ). The risk ratio of developing a second solid malignancy after allografting, compared with the general population of British Columbia adjusted for age and sex, was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.04–3.06;P= .019). In multivariate analysis, recipient age at allo‐HSCT >40 years (P= .005) and having a woman donor (P= .0008) were associated with a greater risk of developing a second solid cancer.CONCLUSIONS.The authors concluded that patients undergoing allografting are at increased risk of developing a second solid cancer compared with the general population, particularly those of advanced age at the time of allograft. It is noteworthy that patients who had women as graft donors had an increased risk for developing a second solid cancer. This unexpected finding is a new observation and has not been reported previously. Extended follow‐up will be needed to assess more fully the incidence and risk factors for the development of solid cancers, because the latency can be prolonged. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Robot vision with cellular neural networks: a practical implementation of new algorithms
Authors: Pazienza Giovanni Egidio , Ponce‐García Xavier , Balsi Marco , Vilasís‐Cardona Xavier 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCellular neural networks (CNNs) are well suited for image processing due to the possibility of a parallel computation. In this paper, we present two algorithms for tracking and obstacle avoidance using CNNs. Furthermore, we show the implementation of an autonomous robot guided using only real‐time visual feedback; the image processing is performed entirely by a CNN system embedded in a digital signal processor (DSP). We successfully tested the two algorithms on this robot. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic screen for mutations affecting development and function of the enteric nervous system
Authors: Kuhlman Julie , Eisen Judith S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn intact enteric nervous system is required for normal gastrointestinal tract function. Several human conditions result from decreased innervation by enteric neurons; however, the genetic basis of enteric nervous system development and function is incompletely understood. In an effort to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying enteric nervous system development, we screened mutagenized zebrafish for changes in the number or distribution of enteric neurons. We also established a motility assay and rescreened mutants to learn whether enteric neuron number is correlated with gastrointestinal motility in zebrafish. We describe mutations isolated in our screen that affect enteric neurons specifically, as well as mutations that affect other neural crest derivatives or have pleiotropic effects. We show a correlation between the severity of enteric neuron loss and gastrointestinal motility defects. This screen provides biological tools that serve as the basis for future mechanistic studies. Developmental Dynamics 236:118–127, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leptin: Nourishment for the immune system
Authors: Fantuzzi Giamila 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLeptin, a protein produced by adipocytes, exerts several functions, including modulation of the immune response. A report in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology describes for the first time the effect of either leptin receptor deficiency or blockade on murine dendritic cell (DC) maturation, survival and function. The study describes how leptin receptor deficiency/blockade delays DC maturation and promotes apoptosis, shifts the balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine production, and reduces the ability of DC to stimulate CD4+ lymphocytes. These exciting novel data add an important piece of evidence to the picture of the role of leptin in immunity and inflammation and generate the possibility that many of the effects of leptin on T lymphocytes might be mediated through DC.See accompanying article http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200636602
On the construction of manufactured solutions for one and two‐equation eddy‐viscosity models
Authors: Eça L. , Hoekstra M. , Hay A. , Pelletier D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper presents manufactured solutions (MSs) for some well‐known eddy‐viscosity turbulence models, viz. the Spalart & Allmaras one‐equation model and the TNT and BSL versions of the two‐equation k–ω model. The manufactured flow solutions apply to two‐dimensional, steady, wall‐bounded, incompressible, turbulent flows. The two velocity components and the pressure are identical for all MSs, but various alternatives are considered for specifying the eddy‐viscosity and other turbulence quantities in the turbulence models.The results obtained for the proposed MSs with a second‐order accurate numerical method show that the MSs for turbulence quantities must be constructed carefully to avoid instabilities in the numerical solutions. This behaviour is model dependent: the performance of the Spalart & Allmaras and k–ω models is significantly affected by the type of MS. In one of the MSs tested, even the two versions of the k–ω model exhibit significant differences in the convergence properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method for direct simulations of flexible filament suspensions in non‐zero Reynolds number flows
Authors: Qi Dewei 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new method for direct simulations of flexible filament suspensions in a non‐zero Reynolds number flow is developed. For fluid domain, simulations are based on a lattice Boltzmann equation. For solid domain, a slender solid body is discretized into a chain of consecutive spherical segments contacting each other. A constraint force algorithm is proposed to warrant constant bonding distance between two neighbouring segments and non‐slip velocity conditions at the contacting points so that the flexible filament moves and rotates as a whole body. The fibre could be bent and twisted in the model. Non‐linear inertial interactions between fluid and flexible filament can be naturally studied by using this model embedded in the lattice Boltzmann scheme. The present flexible fibre method is tested by using a rigid particle method when the fibre stiffness is very large and by comparing the present results with theoretical and experimental results. It is demonstrated that the present results have a reasonable accuracy and that the computational results are consistent with the existed experimental results at non‐zero Reynolds number flows. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corpus callosal connection mapping using cortical gray matter parcellation and DT‐MRI
Authors: Park Hae‐Jeong , Kim Jae Jin , Lee Seung‐Koo , Seok Jeong Ho , Chun Jiwon , Kim Dong Ik , Lee Jong Doo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPopulation maps of the corpus callosum (CC) and cortical lobe connections were generated by combining cortical gray matter parcellation with the diffusion tensor fiber tractography of individual subjects. This method is based on the fact that the cortical lobes of both hemispheres are interconnected by the corpus callosal fibers. T1‐weighted structural MRIs and diffusion tensor MRIs (DT‐MRI) of 22 right‐handed, healthy subjects were used. Forty‐seven cortical parcellations in the dorsal prefrontal cortex, ventral prefrontal cortex, sensory‐motor cortex, parietal cortex, temporal cortex, and occipital cortex were semi‐automatically derived from structural MRIs, registered to DT‐MRI, and used to identify callosal fibers. The probabilistic connections to each cortex were mapped on entire mid‐sagittal CC voxels that had anatomical homology between subjects as determined by spatial registration. According to the population maps of the callosal connections, the ventral prefrontal cortex and parts of the dorsal prefrontal cortex both project fibers through the genu and rostrum. The CC regions through which the superior frontal cortex passes extend into the posterior body. Fibers arising from the parietal lobe and occipital lobe run mainly through the splenium, while fibers arising from the sensory‐motor cortex pass through the isthmus. In general, dorsal or medial cortical lobes project fibers through the dorsal region of the CC, while lateral cortical lobes project fibers through the ventral region of the CC. The probabilistic subdivision of the CC by connecting cortical gray matter provides a more precise understanding of the CC. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal lobe interictal epileptic discharges affect cerebral activity in “default mode” brain regions
Authors: Laufs Helmut , Hamandi Khalid , Salek‐Haddadi Afraim , Kleinschmidt Andreas K. , Duncan John S. , Lemieux Louis 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA cerebral network comprising precuneus, medial frontal, and temporoparietal cortices is less active both during goal‐directed behavior and states of reduced consciousness than during conscious rest. We tested the hypothesis that the interictal epileptic discharges affect activity in these brain regions in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who have complex partial seizures. At the group level, using electroencephalography‐correlated functional magnetic resonance imaging in 19 consecutive patients with focal epilepsy, we found common decreases of resting state activity in 9 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) but not in 10 patients with extra‐TLE. We infer that the functional consequences of TLE interictal epileptic discharges are different from those in extra‐TLE and affect ongoing brain function. Activity increases were detected in the ipsilateral hippocampus in patients with TLE, and in subthalamic, bilateral superior temporal and medial frontal brain regions in patients with extra‐TLE, possibly indicating effects of different interictal epileptic discharge propagation. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Object identification and lexical/semantic access in children: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of word‐picture matching
Authors: Schmithorst Vincent J. , Holland Scott K. , Plante Elena 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTheoretical models for lexical access to visual objects have been based mainly on adult data. To investigate the developmental aspects of object recognition and lexical access in children, a large‐scale functional MRI (fMRI) study was performed in 283 normal children ages 5–18 using a word–picture matching paradigm in which children would match an aurally presented noun to one of two pictures (line drawings). Using group Independent Component Analysis (ICA), six task‐related components were detected, including (a) the posterior superior temporal gyrus bilaterally; (b) the fusiform, inferior temporal, and middle occipital gyri bilaterally; (c) the dorsal aspect of the inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally, the left precuneus, the left superior/middle temporal gyrus, and the anterior cingulate; (d) the right medial fusiform gyrus; (e) a left‐lateralized component including the inferior/middle frontal, middle temporal, medial frontal, and angular gyri, as well as the thalamus and the posterior cingulate; and (f) the ventral/anterior aspect of the inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally. Increased activation associated with age was seen in the components (b) and (d) (ventral visual pathway) for object recognition, and (c) and (f) likely associated with semantic maintenance and response selection. Increased activation associated with task performance was seen in components (b) and (d) (ventral visual pathway) while decreased activation associated with task performance was seen in component (f) (ventral/anterior inferior frontal gyrus). The results corroborate the continued development of the ventral visual pathway throughout the developmental period. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural characteristics of successful and less successful speech and word learning in adults
Authors: Wong Patrick C.M. , Perrachione Tyler K. , Parrish Todd B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA remarkable characteristic of the human nervous system is its ability to learn to integrate novel (foreign) complex sounds into words. However, the neural changes involved in how adults learn to integrate novel sounds into words and the associated individual differences are largely unknown. Unlike English, most languages of the world use pitch patterns to mark individual word meaning. We report a study assessing the neural correlates of learning to use these pitch patterns in words by English‐speaking adults who had no previous exposure to such usage. Before and after training, subjects discriminated pitch patterns of the words they learned while blood oxygenation levels were measured using fMRI. Subjects who mastered the learning program showed increased activation in the left posterior superior temporal region after training, while subjects who plateaued at lower levels showed increased activation in the right superior temporal region and right inferior frontal gyrus, which are associated with nonlinguistic pitch processing, and prefrontal and medial frontal areas, which are associated with increased working memory and attentional efforts. Furthermore, we found brain activation differences even before training between the two subject groups, including the superior temporal region. These results demonstrate an association between range of neural changes and degrees of language learning, specifically implicating the physiologic contribution of the left dorsal auditory cortex in learning success. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elucidation of a protein signature discriminating six common types of adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bloom Gregory C. , Eschrich Steven , Zhou Jeff X. , Coppola Domenico , Yeatman Timothy J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPathologists are commonly facing the problem of attempting to identify the site of origin of a metastatic cancer when no primary tumor has been identified, yet few markers have been identified to date. Multitumor classifiers based on microarray based RNA expression have recently been described. Here we describe the first approximation of a tumor classifier based entirely on protein expression quantified by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). The 2DE was used to analyze the proteomic expression pattern of 77 similarly appearing (using histomorphology) adenocarcinomas encompassing 6 types or sites of origin: ovary, colon, kidney, breast, lung and stomach. Discriminating sets of proteins were identified and used to train an artificial neural network (ANN). A leave‐one‐out cross validation (LOOCV) method was used to test the ability of the constructed network to predict the single held out sample from each iteration with a maximum predictive accuracy of 87% and an average predictive accuracy of 82% over the range of proteins chosen for its construction. These findings demonstrate the use of proteomics to construct a highly accurate ANN‐based classifier for the detection of an individual tumor type, as well as distinguishing between 6 common tumor types in an unknown primary diagnosis setting. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring a national cancer prevention program: Successful changes in cervical cancer screening in the netherlands
Authors: Rebolj Matejka , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , Berkers Louise‐Maria , Habbema Dik 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe success of screening, an important cancer prevention tool, depends on the quality and efficiency of protocols and guidelines for screening and follow‐up. However, even centrally organized screening programs such as the Dutch cervical screening program occasionally show problems in performance. To improve this program, the screening scheme, follow‐up, administration and financing protocols and guidelines were thoroughly changed in 1996. This study evaluates the consequences for the performance of the national program. Five‐year coverage rate, the proportion of screened women sent to follow‐up, follow‐up compliance and duration, and the yearly number of Pap smears before and after the changes in 1996 were compared. Five‐year coverage increased substantially in the added target age groups (30–34, and 54–60 years); in the old target age group (35–53 years) it remained around 80%. The percentage of screened women sent to follow‐up decreased from almost 19–3% per screening round, due to a more restrictive use of the Pap 2 classification, and an evidence‐based cessation of follow‐up of negative smears without endocervical cells. Follow‐up compliance has improved, and the average time until a woman is either referred or rejoins the regular screening schedule, has become shorter. The total number of smears, a strong determinant of screening costs, has decreased by 20% primarily due to the changed follow‐up recommendations. In conclusion, the 1996 changes in protocols and guidelines, and their implementation have increased coverage and efficiency, and decreased the screening‐induced negative side effects. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 8,097 women with squamous cell carcinoma and 1,374 women with adenocarcinoma from 12 epidemiological studies
Authors:   The International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer
Published: November 2006

AbstractSquamous cell carcinomas account for about 80% of cancers of the uterine cervix, and the majority of the remainder are adenocarcinomas. There is limited evidence on the extent to which these histological types share a common etiology. The International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer has brought together and combined individual data on 8,097 women with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 1,374 women with invasive adenocarcinoma and 26,445 women without cervical cancer (controls) from 12 epidemiological studies. Compared to controls, the relative risk of each histological type of invasive cervical cancer was increased with increasing number of sexual partners, younger age at first intercourse, increasing parity, younger age at first full‐term pregnancy and increasing duration of oral contraceptive use. Current smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (RR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.35–1.66) but not of adenocarcinoma (RR = 0.86 (0.70–1.05)), and the difference between the two histological types was statistically significant (case‐case comparison p < 0.001). A history of screening (assessed as having had at least one previous nondiagnostic cervical smear) was associated with a reduced risk of both histological types, but the reduction was significantly greater for squamous cell carcinoma than for adenocarcinoma (RR = 0.46 (0.42–0.50) and 0.68 (0.56–0.82), respectively; case–case comparison, p = 0.002). A positive test for cervical high‐risk HPV‐DNA was a strong risk factor for each histological type, with 74% of squamous cell carcinomas and 78% of adenocarcinomas testing positive for HPV types 16 or 18. Squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the cervix share most risk factors, with the exception of smoking. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statins and risk of cancer: A systematic review and metaanalysis
Authors: Browning Danielle R.L. , Martin Richard M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review of the association between HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) use and cancer risk. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, ISI Proceedings and BIOSIS Previews bibliographic databases, electronic trials registers and reference lists for potentially eligible randomized trials and observational studies. Thirty‐eight individual studies (26 randomized trials involving 103,573 participants and 12 observational studies with 826,854 participants) were included. Median follow‐up was 3.6 and 6.2 years for trials and observational studies, respectively. In metaanalyses of randomized trials, there was no evidence that statin therapy was associated with incidence of all‐cancers (26 trials; pooled risk ratio = 1.00; 95% CI 0.95–1.05; I2 = 0%) or the following site‐specific cancers: breast (7 trials; risk ratio = 1.01; 0.79–1.30; I2 = 43%), prostate (4 trials; risk ratio = 1.00; 0.85–1.17; I2 = 0%), colorectum (9 trials; risk ratio = 1.02; 0.89–1.16; I2 = 0%), lung (9 trials; risk ratio = 0.96; 0.84–1.09; I2 = 0%), genito‐urinary (5 trials; risk ratio = 0.95; 0.83–1.09; I2 = 0%), melanoma (4 trials; risk ratio = 0.86; 0.62–1.20; I2 = 17%) or gastric (1 trial; risk ratio = 1.00; 0.35–2.85). There was no evidence of differential effects by length of follow‐up, statin type (lipophilic vs. lipophobic) or potency. Trial results were generally consistent with observational studies. We conclude that statin use is not associated with short‐term cancer risk, but longer‐latency effects remain possible. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.