bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Alternative Methods of Crow Benefit Payment on Economic Rents of Farm Input Suppliers in Western Canada
Authors: Sarwar Ghulam , Fox Glenn 
Published: November 2008

This paper uses a multi‐market partial equilibrium model to assess the impact of selected alternative methods of payment of the Crow Benefit on the economic welfare of farm input suppliers for the feed grain sector in western Canada. the model is calibrated using data representative of the period from 1986 to 1988. Inputs are grouped into categories of land, labor, machinery and buildings, and other purchased inputs. Impacts of alternative policy regimes are found to differ substantially by the characteristics of the particular policy proposal and also by the nature of the input in question. Input suppliers would be worse off under the method of payment embodied in the so‐called Gilson, 50:50 and Agricultural Diversification Alliance proposals, but would be better off under the Grain Trasportation Refund plan. Adverse impacts on landowne welfare, measured as percentage change in economic rents received, would be larger than the effects on other input suppliers, in some cases exceeding 10% of the rents received under the status quo.L'étude utilise un modèle multi‐marchéàéquilibre partiel pour évaluer les incidences de diverses méthodes de paiement du montant compensatoire du Nid‐de‐Corbeau sur la situation économique des agrofournisseurs du secteur des céréles de provendes dans l'ouest du Canads. Le modèle est étalonné au moyen de données représentatives d'une période allant de 1986 à 1988. Les intrants sont groupés en catégories: fonds de terre, main‐d'oeuvre, machinerie et bâtiments et autres fournitures achetées. Les effets des divers régimes diffèrent sensiblement par les caractères du projet do politique et aussi par la nature des intrants en question. La situation des fournisseurs serait empirée si l'on emploie la méthode de paicment comprise dans les programmes Gilson, 50:50 et Agricultural Diversification Alliance, mais elle serait meilleure avec le plan de remboursement sur le transport du grain. Les effets négatifs sur la situation des propriétaires de terre, mesurés par le changement en pourcentage du loiyer économique reçu, étaient plus importants que les effets sur les autres catégories d'agrofournisseurs, dépassant parfois 10% du loye reçu dans le régime actuel.
Welfare Calculations in a Distributed Lag Model: Beans in Colombia
Authors: Janssen Willem 
Published: November 2008

Distributed lag functions are very popular for modeling supply behavior, but there is little published on their use for estimating welfare effects. A partial equilibrium model for beans in Colombia is used to derive the welfare parameters for distributed lag supply functions. Welfare calculations are made for a zero trade and a free trade scenario. The results of welfare calculations with the distributed lag supply functions are compared with the results of simple (undistributed) one‐lag supply functions. Sensitivity analysis on price and lag coefficients is applied. Whereas the simple supply functions would lead to the conclusion that the free trade scenario would have brought most benefits, the distributed lag specification leads to the conclusion that for certain conditions the zero trade scenario would have been more beneficial. The reasons for the diverging results are explored.Les fonctions à retard échelonné sont très utilisées pour la modélisation du comportement d'approvisionnement, mais leur utilié pour estimer les effets sur la qualité de la vie est peu documenée. Un modéle d'équilibre partiel pour la production des haricots en Colombie est utilisé dans le but de dégager les paramètres sociaux pour des fonctions d'approvisionnement à retard échelonné. Les caculs des effets sociaux sont basés sur un scénario de commerce extérieur nu1 et sur un scénario de libre‐échange. Les résultats des calculs sociaux obtenus avec la fonction d'approvisionnement à retard échelonné sont comparés avec ceux des fonctions d'approvisionnement á retard èhelonnè sont comparè avec ceux des fonctions d'approvisionnement simple (non échelonné) a un regard. Une analyse de sensibilité est faite sur les coefficient de prix et sur les coefficients de retard. Alors que les fonctions d'approvisionnement simple sembleraient indiquer que c'est le scénario de libreéchange qui aurait été le plus profitable, l'introduction de la fonction à retard échelonné améne à la conclusion que dans certaines conditions le scénario de commerce extérieur nul aurait été plus avantageux. Les raisons de cette divergence sont examinées.
Nonf arm Labor Market Participation of Farm Women
Authors: Olfert M. Rose , Taylor Julia S. , Stabler Jack C. 
Published: November 2008

Structural changes in Saskatchewan agriculture have led to significant changes in the time allocation of labor of farm women. This paper analyzes the nonfarm labor market participation and labor supply of farm women in the theoretical context of a household production function and contrasts them with those of men. Participation is analyzed using probit models, and nonfarm labor supply functions are estimated using tobit models. Personal characteristics such as age, education, number of children and nonfarm labor participation of the spouse are significantly related to the nonfarm labor market participation and labor supply of farm women, and the direction of influence is as expected. Farm characteristics such as farm size and type are significant in the case of males but not for females. Labor market characteristics are represented only by distance to the nearest center of Complete Shopping Center status or higher and, while this variable is negatively significant for males as expected, it is not significant for femalesLes changements structurels qui on frappé l'agriculture de la Saskatchewan ont entraîné des modifications significatives à la répartition du temps des agricultrices en matière de travail. L'article présente une analyse de la participation au marché du travail non agricole, ainsi que de l'offre de main‐d'oeuvre des agricultrices, dans le contexte théorique d'une fonction de production de ménage, en comparaison avec la situation observée chez les hommes. Le degré de participation e'tait analysé à partir de modèles probit et les fonctions d'offre de main‐d'oeuvre non agricole étaient estimées à partir de modéles tobit. Les caractères personnels comme l'âge, I'instruction, le nombre d'enfants et la participation du conjoint à un travail non agricole étaient significativement reliés, dans le sens attendu, à la participation des femmes au marché du travail non agricole et au temps qu'elles pouvaient y consacrer. Les caractères de l'exploitation, superficie et type, n'étaient significatifs que pour les hommes mais pas pour les femmes. Le seul caractére du marché de main‐d'oeuvre considéré était la distance entre la ferme et l'agglomération la plus proche de niveau de centre commercial complet ou de niveau supérieur. Bien que, comme on pouvait s'y attendre, cette variable était significativement négative dans le cas des hommes, elle n'avait pas de valeur significative pour les femmes
Optimal Producer Investment in Generic Advertising: The Case of Fluid Milk in Ontario and Quebec
Authors: Goddard E. W. , McCutcheon M. L. 
Published: November 2008

The fluid milk sectors in Ontario and Quebec operate under myriad restrictions reflecting the supply management system in place. Active advertising campaigns for fluid milk are undertaken by producer organizations in each province. In Ontario, the provincial government contributes to the provincial advertising campaign.To investigate the implications of the advertising programs, econometric models of the Ontario and Quebec milk sectors are specified, estimated and simulated. Given the measured responses to advertising, optimal advertising expenditure rules are applied to the Ontario and Quebec milk sectors to evaluate the implications of moving from actual to optimal advertising expenditure for producer welfare.Les secteurs du lait de consommation de l'Ontario et du Québec fonctionnent sous une myriade de restrictions attachees au système actuel de gestion de l'offre. Des campagnes de publicité vigoureuses pour la consommation du lait sont entreprises dans chaque province par les organisations de producteurs et en Ontario le gouvernement provincial donne son appui financier à la campagne de publicité provinciate. Pour scruter les implications des programmes de promotion, les auteurs ont construit, évalué et appliqué en simulation des modèles économiques du secteur du lait de consommation des deux provinces. À la lumière des réactions mesurées à l'égard de la publicité, des règies de dépenses de publicité optimales sont appliquées aux deux secteurs, afin d'évaluer ce que le passage du niveau de promotion actuel à un niveau optimal signifierait pour la situation économique des producteurs.
Innovative approach to health promotion for the over 45s: using a health check log
Authors: Sheriff June N. , Chenoweth Lynn 
Published: November 2008

Objectives. To determine effectiveness of the health check log (HCL) in promoting health‐related quality of life and health awareness, health monitoring skills and timely consultation with health professionals for a cohort of community‐dwelling people over 45 years, compared with a similar cohort not recording the HCL.Design. An exploratory longitudinal study using a quasi‐experimental methodology and data triangulation. Outcome measures included the SF‐36 health survey; a semi‐structured participant feedback survey and participant focus group discussions.Sample. A convenience sample (n = 309) of community dwellers over the age of 45 living in the South Eastern Sydney/Illawarra Area Health Service, Sydney, Australia.Results. The majority of participants recording the HCL reported health benefits. The SF‐36 health survey found younger age is a predictor for positive change in ‘social functioning’ (β = −0.14,t = 2.25,P < 0.05), while non‐pension income was a predictor of positive ‘physical functioning’ (β = 0.12,t = 2.02,P < 0.05) and ‘general health’ (β = 0.13,t = 2.11,P < 0.05). Alternatively, full‐time employment (β = −0.12,t = 2.02,P < 0.05) and not living alone (β = 0.18,t = 3.09,P < 0.01) predicted negative change in ‘role – physical’. Participant reactions to recording the HCL via feedback survey and focus group discussions were mostly positive.Conclusions. The majority who maintained the HCL benefited by achieving improved health and knowledge of health monitoring, which was, however, moderated by age, income source, employment status and living arrangements.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Dalmatian wall lizard Podarcis melisellensis (Squamata: Lacertidae)
Authors: HUYGHE K. , BREUGELMANS K. , SMALL M. , TADIĆ Z. , VAN DAMME R. , VANHOOYDONCK B. , BACKELJAU T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe describe polymerase chain reaction primers and amplification conditions for 13 highly polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci isolated from the Dalmatian wall lizard, Podarcis melisellensis. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 12 to 41, with levels of observed heterozygosity between 0.62 and 0.94. Most of these loci were successfully cross‐amplified in the closely related species P. sicula, but levels of polymorphism were always lower.
IBDSim: a computer program to simulate genotypic data under isolation by distance
Authors: LEBLOIS RAPHAËL , ESTOUP ARNAUD , ROUSSET FRANÇOIS 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIBDSim is a package for the simulation of genotypic data under isolation by distance. It is based on a backward ‘generation by generation’ coalescent algorithm allowing the consideration of various isolation by distance models with discrete subpopulations as well as continuous populations. Many dispersal distributions can be considered as well as heterogeneities in space and time of the demographic parameters. Typical applications of our program include (i) the study of the effect of various sampling, mutational and demographic factors on the pattern of genetic variation; and (ii) the production of test data sets to assess the influence of these factors on inferential methods available to analyse genotypic data.
Glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis
Authors: SAMBROOK Philip N 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIntroduction:  Glucocorticoids have major effects on bone metabolism, leading to accelerated osteoporosis and fracture.Methods:  This review will attempt to summarize current knowledge about their effects in light of new information and important remaining questions, especially with respect to management of this common clinical problem.Results:  Glucocorticoids affect bone through multiple pathways, influencing both bone formation and bone resorption. Evidence from randomised trials suggests that postmenopausal women receiving glucocorticoids are at greatest risk of rapid bone loss and consequent fracture and should be actively considered for prophylaxis. Based upon available evidence, the rank order of choice for prophylaxis would be a bisphosphonate followed by vitamin D. For established glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis, parathyroid hormone followed by a bisphosphonate appears useful.Conclusions:  Glucocorticoid‐induced bone loss can be effectively prevented or reversed.
Magnitude of CD8+ T‐cell responses against hepatitis C virus and severity of hepatitis do not necessarily determine outcomes in acute hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Doi Hiroyoshi , Hiroishi Kazumasa , Shimazaki Tomoe , Eguchi Junichi , Baba Toshiyuki , Ito Takayoshi , Matsumura Takuya , Nozawa Hisako , Morikawa Kenichi , Ishii Shigeaki , Hiraide Ayako , Sakaki Masashi , Imawari Michio 
Published: November 2008

Aim:  We investigated the relationship between the magnitude of comprehensive hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses and the clinical course of acute HCV infection.Methods:  Six consecutive patients with acute HCV infection were studied. Analysis of HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses was performed using an interferon‐γ‐based enzyme‐linked immunospot assay using peripheral CD8+ T‐cells, monocytes and 297 20‐mer synthetic peptides overlapping by 10 residues and spanning the entire HCV sequence of genotype 1b.Results:  Five patients presented detectable HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses against a single and different peptide, whereas 1 patient showed responses against three different peptides. Neither the magnitude of HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses nor the severity of hepatitis predicts the outcome of acute hepatitis. The maximum number of HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cells correlated with maximum serum alanine aminotransferase level during the course (r = 0.841, P = 0.036).Conclusions:  HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses were detectable in all 6 patients with acute HCV infection, and 6 novel HCV‐specific CTL epitopes were identified. Acute HCV infection can resolve with detectable HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses, but without development of antibody against HCV.
Novel Nucleotide Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor GS-9148 with a Low Nephrotoxic Potential: Characterization of Renal Transport and Accumulation
Authors: Cihlar Tomas , LaFlamme Genevieve , Fisher Robyn , Carey Anne C. , Vela Jennifer E. , Mackman Richard , Ray Adrian S. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTAccumulation of antiviral nucleotides in renal proximal tubules is controlled by their basolateral uptake via the human renal organic anion transporters type 1 (hOAT1) and 3 (hOAT3) and apical efflux via the multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4). GS-9148 is a novel ribose-modified nucleotide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase inhibitor, and its oral prodrug GS-9131 is currently being evaluated in the clinic as an anti-HIV agent. To assess the potential of GS-9148 for nephrotoxicity, its mechanism of renal transport, cytotoxicity, and renal accumulation were explored in vitro and in vivo. In comparison with the acyclic nucleotides cidofovir, adefovir, and tenofovir, GS-9148 showed 60- to 100-fold lower efficiency of transport (Vmax/Km) by hOAT1 and was 20- to 300-fold less cytotoxic in cells overexpressing hOAT1, indicating its lower hOAT1-mediated intracellular accumulation and reduced intrinsic cytotoxicity. GS-9148 was also relatively inefficiently transported by hOAT3. Similar to acyclic nucleotides, GS-9148 was a substrate for MRP4 as evidenced by its reduced intracellular retention in cells overexpressing the efflux pump. Consistent with these molecular observations, GS-9148 was inefficiently taken up by fresh human renal cortex tissue in vitro and showed a limited accumulation in kidneys in vivo following oral administration of [14C]GS-9131 to dogs. Compared to acyclic nucleotide analogs, GS-9148 was also found to have lower net active tubular secretion in dogs. Collectively, these results suggest that GS-9148 exhibits a low potential for renal accumulation and nephrotoxicity.
Dynamics of the Cytokine Response toMycobacterium ulceransduring Antibiotic Treatment forM. ulceransDisease (Buruli Ulcer) in Humans
Authors: Sarfo F. S. , Phillips R. O. , Ampadu E. , Sarpong F. , Adentwe E. , Wansbrough-Jones M. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTWe have studied the evolution of the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) responses afterMycobacterium ulceranssonicate stimulation of whole blood from patients with earlyM. ulceranslesions during treatment with rifampin and streptomycin for 8 weeks. Among the 26 patients, secretion of IFN-γ increased during treatment, with a significant increase at 4 weeks and a further increase after 8 weeks overall. The increase was more rapid in patients with large or ulcerative lesions, becoming significant by 4 weeks. For small lesions, there was only a minor increase, which did not reach significance. There was no significant change in the median IL-10 response during antibiotic therapy, and there was no inverse correlation between IFN-γ and IL-10 responses. These results demonstrate that an IFN-γ secretory response toM. ulceransdeveloped, independently of IL-10 secretion, in patients whoseM. ulceransdisease healed during antibiotic therapy.
Controlled Evaluation of Bactec Peds Plus/F and Bactec Lytic/10 Anaerobic/F Media for Isolation of
Salmonella enterica
Serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A from Blood
Authors: Reller Megan E. , Zaidi Anita K. M. , Sultana Shazia , Azeem Shazia , Hanif Beenish , Qureshi Shahida , Hasan Rumina , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Akhter Rehana , Goldmann Donald A. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

We compared anaerobic lytic (AL) and pediatric aerobic resin-containing (Peds Plus/F) blood culture media for the isolation of
Salmonella enterica
serotype Typhi or Paratyphi A from children. The yields from AL and Peds Plus/F media were the same with equal volumes of blood, but recovery was faster from AL medium than Peds Plus/F medium (10.7 and 16.4 h, respectively) (
P
< 0.001).
Qualitative Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA Analysis of Dried Blood Spots for Diagnosis of Infections in Infants
Authors: Kerr Ryan J. S. , Player Gray , Fiscus Susan A. , Nelson Julie A. E. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT
The Gen-Probe Aptima human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA assay was adapted for the diagnosis of HIV infection in infants by using dried blood spots. The assay was 99% sensitive (128/129) and 100% specific (162/162). This may prove useful in resource-limited settings, since it precludes the need for a phlebotomist and maintenance of a cold chain.
Disseminated Fusariosis Caused by
Fusarium verticillioides
in an Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Tezcan Gulsum , Ozhak-Baysan Betil , Alastruey-Izquierdo Ana , Ogunc Dilara , Ongut Gozde , Yıldıran Sinasi Taner , Hazar Volkan , Cuenca-Estrella Manuel , Rodriguez-Tudela Juan Luis 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

Fusarium
species are saprophytic molds which cause disseminated or localized infections in humans. Disseminated
Fusarium
infection can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of disseminated fusariosis caused by
Fusarium verticillioides
in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and successfully treated using both liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole.
Human Cytomegalovirus-Encoded Immune Modulators Partner To Downregulate Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules
Authors: Noriega Vanessa M. , Tortorella Domenico 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThroughout the course of natural evolution with its host, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has developed a variety of strategies to avoid immune recognition and clearance. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation pathway is a major target of the virus. HCMV encodes at least six gene products that modulate the processing of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident MHC class I molecules. Here, we show that two virus-encoded proteins, US2 and US3, coordinate their functions toward the common goal of attenuating class I protein surface expression. In cells stably expressing both US2 and US3, class I molecules were almost completely downregulated from the cell surface. In addition, pulse-chase analysis revealed that the proteasome-dependent turnover of class I molecules occurs more rapidly in cells expressing both US2 and US3 than either US2 or US3 alone. The ability of US3 to retain class I molecules in the ER produces a target-rich environment for US2 to mediate the destruction of class I heavy chains. In fact, expression of US3 enhanced the association between US2 and class I molecules, thus encouraging their dislocation and degradation. This immune evasion strategy ensures that viral antigens are not presented on the cell surface during the early phase of HCMV infection, a critical time of replication and viral proliferation.
Country-wide assessment of the genetic polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax antigens detected with rapid diagnostic tests for malaria
Authors: Mariette Natacha , Barnadas Céline , Bouchier Christiane , Tichit Magali , Ménard Didier 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundRapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are becoming increasingly indispensable in malaria management, as a means of increasing the accuracy of diagnosis. The WHO has issued recommendations, but the selection of the most suitable RDT remains difficult for users in endemic countries. The genetic variability of the antigens detected with RDTs has been little studied, but may affect the sensitivity of RDTs. This factor has been studied by comparisons between countries at continental level, but little information is available concerning antigen variability within a given country.MethodsA country-wide assessment of polymorphism of the PfHRP2, PfHRP3, pLDH and aldolase antigens was carried out in 260Plasmodium falciparumand 127Plasmodium vivaxisolates, by sequencing the genes encoding these antigens in parasites originating from the various epidemiological strata for malaria in Madagascar.ResultsHigher levels of polymorphism were observed for thepfhrp2andpfhrp3genes than for theP. falciparumandP. vivax aldolaseandpldhgenes.Pfhrp2sequence analysis predicted that 9% of Malagasy isolates would not be detected at parasite densities ≤ 250 parasites/μl (ranging from 6% in the north to 14% in the south), although RDTs based on PfHRP2 detection are now recommended in Madagascar.ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of training of health workers and the end users of RDTs in the provision of information about the possibility of false-negative results for patients with clinical symptoms of malaria, particularly in the south of Madagascar.