bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meaning of Caring to 7 Novice Physical Therapists During Their First Year of Clinical Practice
Authors: Greenfield Bruce H , Anderson Adam , Cox Brittany , Tanner Michelle Coryell 
Published: August 2008

Background and PurposeCaring has been identified as a rules-based approach to good patient care, as a core value in physical therapist professional behavior, as a part of experienced and expert practice, as a virtue, and as a moral orientation. Previous research showed that experienced and expert female physical therapists value compassion and caring in clinical practice. However, little is known about how novice physical therapists care for their patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of caring from the perspectives of novice physical therapists.SubjectsSeven novice physical therapists (with less than 1 year of clinical experience) working in either an outpatient or an inpatient facility were recruited.MethodsA qualitative method (phenomenology) was used, with data being obtained from retrospective interviews of the novice physical therapists regarding their experiences in the clinic.ResultsThree common themes relating to the nature of caring emerged: learning to care (with the following subthemes: barriers to caring, the “difficult” patient, finding a balance, and time constraints), patients as subjects, and the culture of the clinic.Discussion and ConclusionThe novice physical therapists in this study expressed difficulty in dealing with difficult patients, with time management, and with balancing their professional and personal lives. However, despite the barriers to caring, many of these participants viewed caring not just as a rules-based approach but as a core value and, in some cases, a moral orientation that guided their first year of clinical practice. The findings suggest that caring requires certain skills and attitudes that accrue over time and that physical therapist education programs should integrate learning experiences (including clinical experiences) throughout the curriculum that foster caring behaviors in order to prepare students for the first-year transition in the clinic. In addition, experienced clinicians should appreciate how their clinic's culture and their behaviors can help model caring attitudes in novice physical therapists.
A benchmark analysis of the achievement of therapeutic goals for type 1 Gaucher disease patients treated with imiglucerase
Authors: Weinreb Neal , Taylor John , Cox Timothy , Yee John , vom Dahl Stephan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTo assess the extent to which patients with type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1) receiving individualized enzyme replacement therapy with imiglucerase attain six defined therapeutic goals. One hundred and ninety‐five GD1 patients enrolled in the ICGG Gaucher Registry, all of whom had data available for hemoglobin, platelet count, liver volume, spleen volume, bone pain, and bone crises at first infusion and after 4 years of therapy with imiglucerase, were evaluated for achievement of published therapeutic goals. The proportion of patients who met all six therapeutic goals increased from 2.1% at first infusion to 41.5% at 4 years; ≥5 goals from 12.8% to 76.9%; ≥4 goals from 37.4% to 92.8%; ≥3 goals from 70.8% to 99.0%; and ≥2 goals from 95.4% to 99.5%. All patients met at least one goal at first infusion and after 4 years of treatment. The proportion of patients meeting specific therapeutic goals increased for all parameters between first infusion and 4 years of therapy: platelet count (24.6%–79.5%), spleen volume (25.6%–78.5%), liver volume (45.6%–90.8%), bone pain (62.6–70.3%), hemoglobin (68.2–91.8%), and bone crises (91.8–99.0%). On average, patients who received higher doses of imiglucerase achieved a greater number of therapeutic goals. This analysis provides a benchmark for evaluating the utility of a disease management approach for GD1 based on monitoring achievement of therapeutic goals after treatment with imiglucerase. Am. J. Hematol. 83:890–895, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric epoxidation of chromenes catalyzed by chiral pyrrolidine SalenMn(III) complexes with an anchored functional group
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Dong‐Ping , Jia Yin‐Bao , Lu Xiao‐Bing , Wang Hui , Sun Li‐Cheng 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChiral pyrrolidine SalenMn(III) complexes with an anchored functional group at the Naza‐substituent in the pyrrolidine backbone were synthesized, and used as catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation of substituted chromenes. The complex 1 with an anchored imidazole as acceptor could effectively catalyze epoxidation of substituted chromenes in the absence of expensive additive 4‐phenyl pyridine N‐oxide (PPNO) by the coordination of the anchored organic base to the central manganese ion. Complexes 2 and 3 with a quaternary ammonium salt unit at the Naza‐substituent in the pyrrolidine backbone displayed higher activities than Jacobsen catalyst and the analogous complex 4 without anchored functional group in the aforementioned reaction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surprendre positivement les clients : une tactique en marketing relationnel pour développer un avantage concurrentiel dans le secteur des services financiers
Authors: Bergeron Jasmin , Roy Jasmin , Fallu Jean‐Mathieu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe turbulent environment in which financial institutions evolve motivates strategic thinking aimed at competitive advantage. Drawing from the literature on relationship marketing, one potentially successful strategy at the level of front line service is for financial advisors to behave in a pleasantly surprising way toward their clients (e.g., acknowledging a family member's birthday; covering a parking expense; giving tickets to an entertainment venue). We examine both antecedents and consequences of clients' perceptions of their advisors behaving in a pleasantly surprising way toward them. Antecedents included advisors' customer orientation, knowledge of client, and sense of humour. Consequences included clients' trust, satisfaction, purchase intentions, and word‐of‐mouth intentions. Several strategic recommendations and research avenues following from these findings are offered. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positioning climate change in sustainable development discourse
Authors: Grist Natasha 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper investigates how climate change is positioned within the wider field of sustainable development. Analysis of theory and policy reveals an array of initiatives stemming from different interpretations of sustainable development. Most climate change policy is currently in less radical, reformist approaches to sustainable development that are market based and utilitarian, exemplified by a focus on energy efficiency and international political agreements. Some climate change discourse and policy is related to more radical interpretations of sustainable development, principally concerning equity, resource and consumption limits. Whilst coalitions of some approaches to sustainable development are constructed through the practice of creating initiatives on climate change, other perspectives are fundamentally irreconcilable. The paper argues that a greater awareness of underlying worldviews and perspectives behind the range of climate initiatives is necessary if the goal of global carbon emissions reduction is to be achieved. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ict and development studies: Towards development 2.0
Authors: Thompson Mark 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper calls for a more committed engagement between ICT practitioners and the development community, and seeks to make two contributions. The first is to show how it has never been more important, as the more mature discipline, for development studies to critique the operation of developmental ICT at policy level, as well as to inform and educate the increasing numbers of, usually foreign, ICT investors and practitioners who are involving themselves in these emerging markets. The second contribution is a description of the fundamental challenge that recent Web 2.0 models of networked social interaction are increasingly likely to pose to more established approaches and debates within development studies itself. Having outlined the challenge, the paper looks at how such thinking, conceived as ‘Development 2.0’, may contribute to four of the most pressing current debates within development studies today. Finally, the paper concludes with an acknowledgement of some of the immediate constraints to the transformational potential of Development 2.0, and outlines some work that will be required to develop these ideas further. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alterations of Fc gamma receptor I and Toll‐like receptor 4 mediate the antiinflammatory actions of microglia and astrocytes after adrenaline‐induced blood–brain barrier opening in rats
Authors: Li Ying‐Na , Qin Xu‐Jun , Kuang Fang , Wu Rui , Duan Xiao‐Li , Ju Gong , Wang Bai‐Ren 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB) opening occurs under many physiological and pathological conditions. BBB opening will lead to the leakage of large circulating molecules into the brain parenchyma. These invasive molecules will induce immune responses. Microglia and astrocytes are the two major cell types responsible for immune responses in the brain, and Fc gamma receptor I (FcγRI) and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) are the two important receptors mediating these processes. Data suggest that activation of the FcγRI pathway mediates antiinflammatory processes, whereas activation of TLR4 pathway leads to proinflammatory activities. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that BBB opening could lead to alterations in FcγRI and TLR4 pathways in microglia and astrocytes, thus limiting excessive inflammation in the brain. The transient BBB opening was induced by adrenaline injection through a caudal vein in Sprague‐Dawley rats. We found that the FcγRI pathway was significantly activated in both microglia and astrocytes, as exhibited by the up‐regulation of FcγRI and its key downstream molecule Syk, as well as the increased production of the effector cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐10 and IL‐4. Interestingly, after transient BBB opening, TLR4 expression was also increased. However, the expression of MyD88, the central adapter of the TLR4 pathway, was significantly inhibited, with decreased production of the effector cytokines IL‐12a and IL‐1β. These results indicate that, after transient BBB opening, FcγRI‐mediated antiinflammatory processes were activated, whereas TLR4‐mediated proinflammatory activities were inhibited in microglia and astrocytes. This may represent an important neuroprotective mechanism of microglia and astrocytes that limits excessive inflammation after BBB opening. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predominant fiber atrophy and fiber type disproportion in early ullrich disease
Authors: Schessl Joachim , Goemans Nathalie M. , Magold Alexandra I. , Zou Yaqun , Hu Ying , Kirschner Janbernd , Sciot Raf , Bönnemann Carsten G. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractUllrich disease (congenital muscular dystrophy type Ullrich, UCMD) is a severe congenital disorder of muscle caused by recessive and dominant mutations in the three genes that encode the α‐chains of collagen type VI. Little is known about the early pathogenesis of this myopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate early histological changes in muscle of patients with molecularly confirmed UCMD. Muscle biopsies were analyzed from 8 UCMD patients ranging in age from 6 to 30 months. Type I fiber atrophy and predominance were seen early, together with a widening of the fiber diameter spectrum, whereas no dystrophic features were apparent. A subpopulation of more severely atrophic type I fibers was apparent subsequently, including one biopsy that fulfilled the formal diagnostic criteria of histopathological fiber type disproportion (FTD). Thus, early in the disease, UCMD presents as a non‐dystrophic myopathy with predominant fiber atrophy. Collagen VI mutations also qualify as a cause of fiber type disproportion. Muscle Nerve 38: 1184–1191, 2008
Severe hydroxychloroquine myopathy
Authors: Abdel‐Hamid Hoda , Oddis Chester V. , Lacomis David 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHydroxychloroquine causes a vacuolar myopathy that is usually of mild to moderate severity. The myopathy may be underrecognized, especially in patients who receive multiple other medications for complex illnesses. We report two patients with connective tissue diseases and unusually severe, histopathologically proven hydroxychloroquine myopathy. Both had ventilatory failure; one also had primary pulmonary disease associated with scleroderma, but the other lacked a pulmonary etiology. The ventilatory failure and subsequent medical complications led to death despite discontinuation of hydroxychloroquine, thereby underscoring the potential severity of hydroxychloroquine myopathy and the need for its early recognition. Muscle Nerve 38: 1206–1210, 2008
Psychological interventions for long‐term conditions: a review of approaches, content and outcomes
Authors: Doyle Carol , Foster Nadine , Jordan Joanne 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground. People living with long‐term conditions are more likely to see their GP and experience limitations in their daily activities (Department of Health, 2005). Psychological interventions, specifically cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), aimed at helping people to cope and self‐manage these conditions, are popular. This review aims to summarize the evidence from good‐quality systematic reviews of psychological interventions to inform the management of, and future research in, patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Cochrane reviews were used as these are considered to be of good quality (Handoll et al., 2002). Method. We identified Cochrane reviews of psychological interventions for common chronic health conditions in adults across all healthcare settings. Data on intervention approach, content, delivery and outcomes were extracted and summarized. Results. Nine Cochrane reviews, in asthma (n = 1), diabetes (n = 2), coronary heart disease (n = 1) and chronic musculoskeletal pain (n = 5) were identified. These reviews included 131 clinical trials and over 20,200 patients. Psychological interventions were wide ranging, many using a variety of CBT, mostly delivered in secondary care settings by nurses or psychologists. Physiotherapists were involved in some studies as part of multidisciplinary teams. Due to the complexity and diversity of the interventions, individually effective components could not be identified. Interpretation of studies was difficult because of heterogeneity in intervention content, delivery and outcomes measured. Conclusion. Physiotherapists involved in the management of long‐term conditions, particularly chronic musculoskeletal pain, can perhaps learn from this evidence base. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of individual components of CBT and the role of physiotherapists in delivering this type of intervention. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid satellite and terrestrial infrastructure for mobile broadcast services delivery: An outlook to the ‘Unlimited Mobile TV’ system performance
Authors: Chuberre N. , Courseille O. , Laine P. , Roullet L. , Quignon T. , Tatard M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of a satellite‐based Unlimited Mobile TV system implementing the recently defined Digital Video Broadcast‐SH radio interface. It provides details on the system features and performances with respect to a typical dimensioning/deployment scenario. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction
Authors: Snapinn Steven , Jiang Qi 
Published: August 2008

Abstract‘Controlling the type 1 error rate in non‐inferiority trials’, by Steven Snapinn and Qi Jiang (Statistics in Medicine 2008; 27:371–381). The results in the examples on page 375 have numerical inaccuracies. The correct results are as follows.First example:With w=0.5 and v=0 we find that VXS=0.1830mg2/dL2, and with w=0.5 and v=1 we find that VXS=0.1049mg2/dL2. Noting that VXS=2σ2/n, where n is the sample size per group, in the former case the required sample size is 222 subjects/group, and in the latter case it is 387 subjects/group.Second example:With w=0.5 and v=0 we find that VXS=0.0105, and with w=0.5 and v=1 we find that VXS=0.0060. Noting that VXS is approximately equal to 4/e, where e is the total number of required transfusions, then in the former case 381 transfusions are required, while in the latter case 667 transfusions are required.In addition, in Table IV, the title should be ‘Power of the unified approach with VXS=1, VSP=10, γSP=−γXS=5, a=5/3, and c=10/3’, and the column headings should range from 0 to 15 by 3 (0,3,6,9,12,15), rather than from 0 to 7 by 1.4 (0,1.4,2.8,4.2,5.6,7.0).
Synthesis, Spectrothermal and Structural Characterization of Saccharinatobis(tris‐hydroxymethylaminomethane)zinc(II)saccharinate Complex, [Zn(sac)(tham)2](sac)
Authors: Heren Zerrin , Paşaoğlu Hümeyra , Kaştaş Gökhan , Akdağ Kamber 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA novel ZnII complex of the saccharinate ligand (sac) with tris‐hydroxymethylaminomethane (tham) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, simultaneous TG and DTA techniques, and X‐ray diffraction. The complex, [Zn(sac)(tham)2](sac), crystallizes in monoclinic system with space group P21/c [a = 7.55954(3) Å, b = 13.0532(6) Å, c = 27.7777(10) Å, β = 100.539(3)°, Z = 4]. The ZnII ion has a distorted octahedral coordination. The tham ligand has chemically different functions in the structure, acting as both bidentate and tridentate ligands. There are also sac moieties to act as N‐bonded ligand and as a counter anion. The molecular packing of the complex is provided by moderate hydrogen bonds as well as π···π interactions between the sac moieties. The IR spectra and the thermal decomposition of the complex are also discussed.
One‐pot Preparation, Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of Mercury(II) Complexes of Bulky Diimines with Halides and Pseudohalides
Authors: Ferreira Leonardo C. , Filgueiras Carlos A. L. , Visentin Lorenzo C. , Bordinhão Jairo , Hörner Manfredo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of two novel HgCl2 and Hg(SCN)2 complexes with bis[N‐(2‐tert‐butylphenyl)imine]acenaphthene is here described. One‐pot reaction techniques were used, leading to high yields of 75 % and 81 %, respectively. The complexes were characterized by microanalysis, i.r. and 1HNMR spectroscopy, and by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures of the complexes present similar characteristics, the most outstanding being the formation of dimers via intermolecular interaction. Whereas the HgCl2 complex shows a unidimensional network due to strong π–π interactions, its Hg(SCN)2 counterpart displays a supramolecular arrangement resulting from non classical hydrogen bond formation.
Crystal Structure of the RE2PbS4 (RE = Y, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) Compounds and a Comparison with the Crystal Structures of other Rare Earth Lead Chalcogenides
Authors: Gulay L. D. , Daszkiewicz M. , Shemet V. Ya. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe crystal structure of the RE2PbS4 (RE = Y, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm) compounds (space group Cmc21, Pearson symbol oC112, a = 0.79301(3) nm, b = 2.86966(9) nm, c = 1.20511(5) nm, RBragg = 0.0979 for Y2PbS4; a = 0.79484(8) nm, b = 2.8721(3) nm, c = 1.2039(1) nm, for Dy2PbS4; a = 0.79081(2) nm, b = 2.86222(7) nm, c = 1.20220(4) nm, RBragg = 0.0859 for Ho2PbS4; a = 0.7863(2) nm, b = 2.8525(5) nm, c = 1.1995(2) nm, R1 = 0.0482 for Er2PbS4 and a = 0.78419(3) nm, b = 2.84184(9) nm, c = 1.19655(4) nm, RBragg = 0.0893 for Tm2PbS4) was investigated by means of X‐ray single crystal and powder diffraction. Each RE atoms is octahedrally coordinated by six S atoms. Each Pb atoms is surrounded by seven S atoms to form a mono‐capped trigonal prism.
Stratification of impaired relaxation filling patterns by passive leg lifting in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Ishizu Tomoko , Seo Yoshihiro , Kawano Satoru , Watanabe Shigeyuki , Ishimitsu Toshiyuki , Aonuma Kazutaka 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMethods:We evaluated diastolic functional reserve in 108 patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50% but abnormal relaxation (ratio of transmitral peak velocity of early and late diastolic flow (E/A)<1) using passive leg lifting. We calculated the pulmonary venous systolic to diastolic flow ratio (S/D) as a marker of left atrial reservoir function, and the time difference between the duration of pulmonary venous retrograde flow (PVAd) and the duration of the mitral A wave (PVAd‐Ad) as a marker of left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP).Results:During leg lifting, the E/A was ≥ 1 in 39 patients (the inverted group); the remaining 69 patients comprised the stable group. Comparing the inverted group with the stable group at baseline, S/D was smaller (1.5±0.4 vs. 1.8±0.5, P=0.002) and PVAd‐Ad greater (11±23 ms vs. −23±28 ms, P<0.001).Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that PVAd‐Ad and S/D predicted E/A inversion with leg lifting after adjustment for age, LV wall thickness, LV dimension, LVEF, deceleration time of E, and E/E'.Conclusion:In patients with preserved LVEF but early diastolic dysfunction, passive leg lifting may identify patients having a less compliant left ventricle and impaired left atrial reservoir function.
The Janus face of modernity: Michael Faraday in the twentieth century
Authors: JAMES FRANK A. J. L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSeptember 1931 is seen by historians as one of the key months in interwar British history. It was the first full month of the National Government, the month of the Invergordon Mutiny and of Britain being forced off the gold standard. It was also the month when large-scale celebrations were held to mark the centenary of the discovery of electromagnetic induction by Michael Faraday. This address discusses the specific events of celebrating Faraday and its consequences; it is framed in relation to, and in some instances directly linked with, the crises of that month and some of the consequences of the Great War, especially the growth of the corporate and coordinated state and the rise of modernity.Let us honour if we canThe Vertical manThough we value noneBut the horizontal one.W. H. Auden, Poems, London, 1930, dedication
Human milk oligosaccharides reduce HIV-1-gp120 binding to dendritic cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN)
Authors: Hong Patrick , Ninonuevo Milady R. , Lee Benhur , Lebrilla Carlito , Bode Lars 
Published: August 2008

Breast-feeding is the predominant postnatal transmission route for HIV-1 infection in children. However, a majority of breast-fed infants do not become HIV-infected despite continuous exposure to the virus through their mothers' milk over many months. What protects some breast-fed infants from HIV-1 infection? HIV-1 entry across the infant's mucosal barrier is partially mediated through binding of the HIV-1 surface glycoprotein gp120 to dendritic cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) on human dendritic cells. Lewis antigen glycans, present in human milk, bind to DC-SIGN and inhibit HIV-1 transfer to CD4+T lymphocytes. Human milk contains a high amount of unbound, complex oligosaccharides (5–10 g/l) that carry one or more Lewis antigen glycans, and we hypothesized that they compete with gp120 for DC-SIGN binding. Here, we show in two independent assays that physiological concentrations of human milk oligosaccharides significantly reduce gp120 binding to DC-SIGN by more than 80 %. These results may provide an additional explanation for the inhibitory effects of human milk on HIV-1 mother-to-child-transmission. Identifying the specific milk oligosaccharides that interact with DC-SIGN may guide the development of glycan-based drugs that prevent transmission of HIV-1 and other pathogens that use DC-SIGN as an entry point. However, blocking DC-SIGN may be a two-edged sword.