bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUNSCREEN USE ON QUEENSLAND BEACHES
Authors: Pincus Matthew W. , Rollings P. Karl , Craft Allan B. , Green Adele 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe prevalence of use of sunscreens was assessed in an environment of high ultraviolet (UV) exposure by surveying U7 males and 126 females on two Queensland beaches. Using a questionnaire, information was obtained about their application of sunscreen on the day of participation in the study, thus eliminating recall error. It was found that 71% of the female and 68% of the male beach‐goers sampled had applied sunscreen, 47% of which had the maximum Sun Protection Factor (15 +) rating. There was no significant association found between usage and either skin colour or socio‐economic status. Although 88% used a waterproof formulation, only 61% reapplied the sunscreen directly after swimming. Sunscreen was not applied to all exposed body parts, with over half of the subjects neglecting ears and lower limbs. Reported major reasons for use were to avoid skin cancer (44%), and to avoid sunburn (43%). The results of this study can assist in evaluating the effectiveness of present sun‐protection campaigns in the short term.
AN OPEN STUDY OF TRIPHASIL AND DIANE 50 IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE
Authors: Wishart John M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLevonorgestrel, as used in oral contraceptives, has antiovulatory activity at doses far lower than those producing androgenic effects. Triphasil®, containing levonorgestrel was compared with Diane®, containing cyproterone acetate in a trial of acne treatment. Twenty closely matched patients were alternatively allocated to 6 months of Triphasil or Diane treatment. Both groups had a 72% reduction in acne counts. Assays of total testosterone, androgen index, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and androstenedione showed significant reduction on treatment and sex hormone binding globulin was raised. All hormonal changes were more marked in the Diane group. Side effects caused only one withdrawal from the trial.
EVALUATION OF CURETTAGE AND ELECTRODESICCATION IN TREATMENT OF KERATOACANTHOMA
Authors: Nedwich Judith A. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYThe reports from all keratoacanthoma curettings which were submitted to a Brisbane pathology practice over a two year period were reviewed. Those followed up for less than 12 months were not included in the analysis, unless recurrence occurred. Of 150 submitted, 111 keratoacanthomas in 106 patients could be studied. The sex distribution was almost equal, and the mean age of patients was 65 years for females and 64 years for males. Four keratoacanthomas recurred over periods ranging from 3 to 26 months. Curettage and electrodesiccation is shown to be an efficient and effective form of therapy.
MOHS MICROGRAPHIC SURGERY FOR SKIN CANCER
Authors: Leslie And David F. , Greenway Hubert T. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYMohs Micrographic Surgery is a technique offering superior treatment for skin cancer with cure rates of 99% for primary and 94.4% for recurrent BCC, greater than 94% for SCC. As developed by Dr Frederic Mohs, the technique originally involved application of a chemical fixative. Mohs'fresh tissue technique is now usual, with immediate horizontal frozen sectioning of the entire margins of excised tissue, mapping and microscopic identification of remaining tumour, then repeat excisions, mapping and examination until a tumour‐free plane is demonstrated throughout. This provides maximal conservation of uninvolved tissue structures, and allows more confident repair of a cancer‐ free surgical defect. Mohs Micrographic Surgery is becoming more widely available in Australasia; concurrently, indications for the technique are widening, as are the research interests, training opportunities, and professional organization of Mohs Practitioners. Very high, and increasing, incidence and prevalence of skin cancer in Australasia, and factors tending to contribute to this, suggest that Mohs Micrographic Surgery has an expanding role to play in Australasia.
HYPOMELANOSIS OF ITO: REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: Finkelstein Eve , Shinwell Eric , Avinoach Ilana , Hallel‐Halevy Dafna , Halevy Sima 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHypomelanosis of Ito is an uncommon syndrome where bizarre, systematized hypopigmentation is often associated with neurological and other non‐cutaneous abnormalities. We report two cases, one which was associated with laryngomalacia and sudden death (in which the parents were consanguineous), and one which was associated with episodes of loss of consciousness.
CONGENITAL SENSORY NEUROPATHY WITH ANHIDROSIS (HEREDITARY SENSORY NEUROPATHY TYPE IV)
Authors: Hatzis J. , Gourgiotou K. , Koumelas D. , Makaronis G. , Varhlzidis A. , Stratigos J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHereditary sensory neuropathies comprise a group of rare childhood diseases which are classified into four types. We present a Greek boy 11 years old with hereditary sensory neuropathy type IV (congenital sensory neuropathy with anhidrosis) whom we have followed up and studied during the last seven years. Our patient presented for the first time with recurrent hyperthermic episodes without sweating, and lack of pain sensation from the first months of life. Insensitivity to pain and thermal stimuli had resulted in burns on the extremities and self‐mutilation of the tongue, lips and fingertips. When he was five and seven years old respectively he had two painless fractures of the ankles which led to insoluble orthopedic problems. He also suffered from mental retardation, which was obvious from his first years of life. Sweat gland investigations showed significant hypohidrosis or anhidrosis although the sweat glands were normal microscopically. Hereditary sensory neuropathy type IV, although rare, is important for dermatologists because it must be differentiated from other anhidrotic syndromes, and in view of the poor prognosis of the condition.
A SURVEY OF HOSPITAL ATTENDANCES FOR SKIN DISEASE IN PERTH
Authors: Kumarasinghe S. Prasad W. , Singh Gian D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAnalysis of hospital attendances for skin diseases is not a true prevalence study; however, it gives valuable information to the dermatologist. A two week study of hospital attendances at the skin clinics in three major hospitals in Western Australia was conducted. The most common conditions encountered were solar keratoses, psoriasis, malignant tumours and dermatitis. These results are similar to those of a population based prevalence study carried out in Western Australian in 1979.
SUBCUTANEOUS FAT NECROSIS OF THE NEWBORN COMPLICATED BY HYPERCALCAEMIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Authors: Lewis Anne , Cowen Peter , Rodda Christine , Dyall‐Smith Delwyn 
Published: June 2007

SummarySubcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is an uncommon but distinctive condition which appears in the first six weeks of life, associated with variable degrees of hypercalcaemia and which resolves spontaneously over months. We report a case of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn following perinatal distress and complicated by thrombocytopenia and hypercalcaemia.
HIV INFECTED PATIENTS: CORRELATION OF CUTANEOUS DISEASE WITH DEGREE OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
Authors: See Jo‐Ann , Wong David 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe AIDS epidemic has become a world‐wide health problem since the disease was identified ten years ago. An HIV‐dermatology outpatient clinic was established at the Albion Street Centre in Sydney to manage patients with cutaneous manifestations of AIDS. This study reviews the spectrum of skin disorders seen, and attempts to correlate skin disease with the degree of immunosuppression as reflected by CD4 or T helper lymphocyte counts, whereas previous reports have attempted to correlate skin disease with clinical signs and symptoms. Brief summaries of HIV disease and the cutaneous manifestations of AIDS are given.
THE PATTERN OF CHILDHOOD TINEA IN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA 1979–1988
Authors: Rogers Maureen , Muir D. , Pritchard Robert 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA retrospective study was undertaken of 192 cases of culture proven tinea capitis occurring between 1979 and 1988 in a predominantly white population of children in New South Wales (NSW). The aim of the study was to identify whetherTrichophyton tonsuranswas increasing in importance in the causation of this condition in Australia as it was in many other parts of the world. The results of our study were compared with those of earlier Australian studies. Our study demonstrated thatTrichophyton tonsuransis now equal in importance toMicrosporum caniswhich was previously the strongly predominant organism.
TWO CASES OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS DUE TO CANDIDA ZEYLANOIDES
Authors: Crozier William J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAs the range of yeasts and filamentous fungi reported to cause onychomycosis has increased, uncommon genera or species have appeared in the literature. Candida zeylanoides is an example of a yeast rarely involved in human pathology. Between 1989 and 1991, two cases of onychomycosis due to this yeast were encountered in Wollongong, NSW. There were similarities in the cases, as both involved finger‐ or thumb‐nails and both patients were female (one sixty years of age and the other, seventy‐two). Evidence of pathogenicity is presented and subsequent topical treatment was successful in both cases.
DERMAL MYIASIS IN AN AUSTRALIAN TRAVELLER
Authors: Rubel Diana M. , Walder Brien K. , Jopp‐McKay Andrea , Rosen Robert 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMyiasis, the infestation of body tissues by the larvae of files, occurs infrequently in Australian tourists who return from areas where certain species are endemic. Some of these insect species such as Cochliomyia hominivorax and Chrysoma bezziana (New and Old World screwworms respectively) are responsible for significant disease in livestock as well as in humans. We report a patient who travelled extensively through South America and returned to Australia with a subcutaneous nodule containing a large larva of the species Dermatobia hominis. Because of the risk of travellers introducing unwanted species of flies into our country, it is important for doctors to suspect the possibility of furuncular myiasis, and to obtain accurate identification of the larva.
DISEASE MECHANISMS IN ORAL LICHEN PLANUS. A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR AUTOIMMUNITY
Authors: Sugerman Philip B. , Savage Neil W. , Walsh Laurence J. , Seymour Gregory J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCurrent evidence for the involvement of cell‐mediated immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus is reviewed. Both a spatial and temporal relationship between cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and epithelial damage have been reported. Although keratinocytes appear to be the target for destruction in oral lichen planus, their role in antigen presentation is unclear. We propose that in oral lichen planus patients, diverse exogenous agents such as drugs, trauma and infection, stimulate the expression of a common self molecule by oral mucosal keratinocytes. An autoimmune reaction by cytotoxic T lymphocytes to these activated keratinocytes may result in the tissue destruction which is characteristic of oral lichen planus.
PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS ASSOCIATED WITH SPINDLE CELL THYMOMA
Authors: Norris Debra L. , Saywell Mark S. , Strutton Geoffrey M. , Stephenson Graham J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis paper describes the occurrence of fatal pemphigus vulgaris in an 89 year old female, in whom a benign spindle cell thymoma was found at autopsy. The histological appearances of the skin biopsies, thymic tumour and immunofluorescence findings are described. The association between pemphigus and neoplasia is discussed, and the difference between classical pemphigus vulgaris and paraneoplastic pemphigus are evaluated.
ORF. CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Bassioukas K. , Orfanidou A. , Stergiopoulou C.H. , Hatzis J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwenty eight human cases of orf were studied from clinical and epidemiological points of view. Most of the patients were shepherds who were inoculated from infected animals during all seasons of the year. Typical lesions of different stages of orf were located on the hands, and were accompanied by local symptoms such as pain, pruritus, lymphangitis and adenitis, or less frequently by systemic symptoms such as fever or malaise. Two cases developed erythema multiforme, one developed erysipelas and another a papulovesicular eruption. Tzanck test may contribute to the diagnosis. The course of the disease can not be influenced by antibiotics, and only measures of local hygiene are recommended, except in complicated cases.
ENDOTHELIAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES IN PSORIASIS
Authors: Lee May‐Lian , To Tony , Nicholson Ellen , Schrieber Leslie 
Published: June 2007

SummarySkin biopsies from patients with psoriasis and normal controls were examined for the expression of cell adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule‐1 (ELAM‐1), HECA‐452 and 4D10, using an immunoperoxidase techique. This study demonstrates that psoriatic skin exhibits a wide variety of markers of endothelial cell activation which are either induced or increased expression (ICAM‐1, ELAM‐1 & 4D10). Moreover, ICAM‐1 & HECA‐452 are also on leukocytes. These antigens may facilitate the adhesion of inflammatory cells to endothelium and antigen‐presenting cells in psoriatic skin. Thus, they may play a role in faciliating the infiltration of leukocytes into psoriatic skin.
EOSINOPHILIC CELLULITIS CASE REPORT: TREATMENT OPTIONS
Authors: Lee Michael W. , Nixon Rosemary L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryEosinophilic cellulitis in a 56 year old woman is described. The patient responded well to oral prednisolone, but attempts to withdraw the corticosteroid resulted in relapses. Remission was achieved with a combination of dapsone, antihistamine and alternate‐day prednisolone.
GLUCAGONOMA SYNDROME WITH INCREASED LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOENZYMES: OCTREOTIDE TREATMENT
Authors: Siller Gregory M. , Strutton Geoffrey M. , Moore Geoffrey A. , Kanowski And David M. , Nedwich Judith A. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYGlucagonoma Syndrome is a rare syndrome comprising hyperglucagonemia, diabetes mellitus, necrolytic migratory erythema and hypoaminoacidemia in the setting of a glucagon producing, alpha cell tumour of the pancreas. We report a case of Glucagonoma Syndrome palliatively treated successfully with octreotide. In addition to classical clinical and biochemical findings, this patient also had a Glomus Jugulars tumour, and Empty Sella Syndrome and demonstrated an unusual pattern of plasma lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, features not previously reported in this syndrome.
ADAMS‐OLIVER SYNDROME: APLASIA CUTIS CONGENITA, TERMINAL TRANSVERSE LIMB DEFECTS AND CUTIS MARMORATA TELANGIECTATICA CONGENITA
Authors: Dyall‐Smith Delwyn , Ramsden Andrew , Laurie Simon 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYA male infant with the features of Adams‐Oliver syndrome is described. These features included severe aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) of the scalp involving both skin and cranium, a shortened right foot with talipes equinovarus, extensive cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and also haemangiomas and ulceration of the abdominal skin. Exposure of the dural membrane was associated with infection, hyponatraemia and finally localised necrosis with herniation of brain and fatal cerebral haemorrhage.
THERAPEUTICS: PERSONAL PRACTICE THE CLINICAL USE OF ALPHA HYDROXY ACIDS
Authors: Rubin Mark G. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYAlpha Hydroxy Acids are a group of organic acids which have recently become popular in the treatment of several skin conditions.This article explores some of the clinical uses of these products in the treatment ofichthyosis, acne, hyperpigmentation and photo‐damage. Specific recommendations are given for the treatment of each condition.
Discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Donnelly AM , Halbert AR , Rohr JB 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYDiscoid lupus erythematosus is a manifestation of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus with a small risk of systemic involvement. In this review article, the role of predisposing factors such as haplotype, hormones, antibodies and sunlight are discussed. The clinical features, including variants and associations, and management options are presented.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
Authors: Lee Stephen , Artemi Phillip , Holt Deborah 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYA case of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is described. A brief review of AGEP is undertaken with emphasis on its differentiation from acute generalized pustular psoriasis. AGEP is also compared with and contrasted to acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, or ‘Sweet's syndrome’ and Sneddon‐Wilkinson pustular dermatosis.
The use of mimetic musculature in facial reconstruction
Authors: Hodgkinson Darryl J , Tavakoli Kouros 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYSkin malignancy of all types is prevalent in Australia and the incidence is rising. Reconstruction of post‐surgical excision defects in the face can be facilitated by the use of myocutaneous flaps using facial mimetic musculature. The mimetic musculature can be partially sacrificed without the loss of discernible facial tone or expression. Examples of their use include the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, nasalis, procerus, levator labii superioris, mentalis, orbicularis oris, platysma and SMAS. Myocutaneous flaps in the face enjoy the same advantages of increased skin viability as they do elsewhere in the body. Their use in the face is superior to the cosmetic results obtained by skin grafting alone or distant skin flap giving better colour match, increased vascularity and appropriate bulk when subcutaneous tissues and muscles have also been sacrificed in the initial extirpation of the skin malignancy.
Employer attitudes toward persons with visible tattoos
Authors: Bekhor Philip S , Bekhor Lynne , Gandrabur Marnie 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYA total of 242 employers were surveyed over the telephone to assess their attitudes toward prospective employees with visible tattooing. Employers were divided into eight categories according to type of industry. Responses to the survey were tabulated and confidence intervals produced. It would appear that significant bias exists against the employment of persons with visible tattoos in the hospitality, beauty, retail and office sectors where less than 30% of those surveyed would employ a person with a tattoo. All industries except building and the public service admitted that they would be influenced by a visible tattoo in over 40% of cases.
A case of Grzybowski's generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas
Authors: Kavanagh Gina M , Marshman Gillian , Hanna Marshall M 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYWe report a case of Grzybowski's generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma which demonstrates the characteristic features of this rare condition. The recurring nature of the eruption each summer supports the suggestion that UV irradiation may act as a precitating factor in eruptive keratoacanthoma.
Carmalt splinter forceps: A useful instrument
Authors: Hill Dudley 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYMost dermatologie surgeons have favourite instruments that they like to use. One of mine is the Carmalt splinter forceps. These forceps are short (about 10 cm in length) and have triangular pointed tips with serrations that are kept in alignment by a small pin at the broadest area of the tip.
Conducting a factory or plant visit
Authors: Tong David W 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYPlant visits are an invaluable tool in the management of work‐related skin disorders, as they are the means by which a dermatologist gains firsthand information about the circumstances under which a work‐related skin disorder has arisen in a plant or factory. In order to manage the workplace hazards which are responsible for skin disease, these must be identified and evaluated, and recommendations made about their control. While it may be possible to do this vicariously by questioning, examining, and investigating affected workers in the office, site visits to the plant or factory are sometimes necessary for the optimal assessment and management of such cases, as they often provide valuable information and insights not forthcoming from the history, examination, and investigations. This article explores the rationale behind plant visits, and discusses the pre‐visit assessment, pre‐visit preparation, the plant visit itself, and post‐visit responsibilities. Practical advice is given for conducting each of these stages.
Pale grain eumycetomas in Madras
Authors: Venugopal Pankajalakshmi V , Venugopal Taralakshmi V 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYBiopsy specimens from 211 cases of mycetoma were examined histologically. Pale grain eumycetoma was found in seven cases. Four of these were studied mycologically, Acremonium kiliense was isolated from two and Acremonium falciforme and Pseudallescheria boydii from one case each. The geographic distribution of these organisms, and their incidence and prevalence are discussed.
p53 in cutaneous melanoma: Immunoreactivity and correlation with prognosis
Authors: Lee C Soon , Pirdas Anne , Lee Michael WK 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYp53 protein immunoreactivity was investigated in cutaneous Spitz naevi (n= 7), superficial spreading (n= 21) and nodular (n= 6) melanomas using the monoclonal antibody DO‐7. Nuclear immunostaining for p53 protein was observed in 41% of all the melanomas but not in any of the Spitz naevi studied. This difference in p53 immunoreactivity appeared statistically significant (P= 0.0001; χ2 test). There were also differences in p53 immunoreactivity between superficial spreading and nodular melanomas (P= 0.001, χ2 test), where up to 38% of superficial spreading melanomas and 50% of nodular melanomas had demonstrated p53 nuclear immunostaining. An apparently significant correlation was observed between melanomas with poor prognostic histological indices and p53 immunoreactivity (P= 0.0016; χ2 test). In conclusion, increased p53 protein immunoreactivity is found in melanomas and is associated with poorer prognosis. The differences in p53 immunohistological expression between cutaneous melanomas and Spitz naevi suggest that alterations of the protein may be important in the pathogenesis of the tumour.
Scytalidium dimidiatum in Australia
Authors: Little Margery G , Hammond Margaret Leigh 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYSix patients with Scytalidium dimidiatum (Hendersonula toruloidea) infections of their skin and nails are presented. Two of these patients originated in tropical areas where the fungus is endemic and four were Australian born. Three of the Australian‐born patients had no history of travel to areas where the fungus is endemic. It appears that S. dimidiatum is present in Australia.
Benzyl alcohol allergy
Authors: Li Michael , Gow Elizabeth 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYA 63 year old woman presented with a 3 year history of vulval lichen sclerosus et alrophicus and vulval dermatitis resistant to multiple topical therapies. She was patch test positive to 5% benzyl alcohol which is a widely used preservative in topical creams and a component in balsam of Peru.
Primary school children's perceptions of the effects of sun on skin
Authors: Rademaker Marius , Wyllie Kim , Collins Margaret , Wetton Noreen 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYTo assess whether young children understand the dangers and results of sun exposure, a novel Draw and Write technique was used to survey a group of 5‐8 year old primary school children. One hundred and ninety‐four children were invited to draw and write comments to six scenarios involving sun exposure. Of the children surveyed, 84% gave a negative sentiment to sunburn, with only 6% displaying positive sentiments towards sunbathing. Sixty‐five per cent of children suggested the use of sun blocks, 69% the use of protective clothing, 45% the wearing of hats and 43% the use of shade as a mechanism for protecting the skin from sun damage. Only 2% of children made any reference to skin cancer. The primary school children surveyed had a good level of awareness of the dangers of sunburn and the need to take appropriate actions to avoid sun damage.