bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stresses and coping strategies of neonatal intensive care unit nurses
Authors: Jacobson Sharol F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to investigate the nature of the psychological stresses experienced by neonatal intensive care unit nurses and to describe the coping strategies they reported using to alleviate them. Sixty nurses from eight hospitals participated. Ten categories of stressful experiences were identified. A coping scale using short‐story problem situations as stimuli was constructed. Factor analysis of the mean ratings of 13 coping strategies produced three factors: Cognitive Processing, Using Personal Skills, and Escape. Analysis of variance using these ratings and stress levels of the stories showed a significant main effect for stress level and a significant interaction between coping factors and stress levels. No significant differences in coping strategies were found by hospital or by the nurse variables of tenure (length of time) in the unit, education, or experience.
Correlates of caregiving satisfaction: Prerequisites to elder home care
Authors: Worcester Martha Iles , Quayhagen Mary P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this comparative study, a path analytic model was used to identify variables predictive of satisfaction in providing care to elderly family members, and to determine differences in the predictor variables between past and present caregivers as potential precipitators of institutionalization. Nineteen current caregivers and 29 past caregivers were recruited from health agencies in a rural area. Demographic predictors of caregiving satisfaction included age and sex of the client and age of the caregiver; psychological problems of the client influenced caregiver satisfaction. Measures of situational stress (medical, psychological, environmental) revealed that the past caregivers had higher psychological and environmental stress and less life satisfaction than current caregivers. Additional analysis revealed that the most common pattern of nursing home admission was hospitalization of the client for physical illness, with subsequent physician‐recommended nursing home placement. Areas of identified need for preventing premature relinquishing of the caregiving role are discussed.
Effects of thermal applications on the abdominal temperature of dogs
Authors: Martinson Ida M. , Anderson Steven E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe results of thermal applications to the abdomens of unrestrained, unanesthetized dogs are reported. A silicone rubber envelope through which water circulated at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, or 50°C was applied. Skin surface, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intestinal, and colonic temperatures were measured after 90 minutes. Pad applications at 0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°C significantly lowered skin surface and subcutaneous temperatures, while pad applications at 40° and 50°C significantly increased subcutaneous and skin surface temperatures. None of the pad applications had a significant effect on intraperitoneal, intestinal, or colonic temperatures. The findings indicate that a wide range of thermal applications to the abdominal skin of the dog do not alter deep abdominal temperatures.
Factors Related to the Early Phase of Rehabilitation Following Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: O'Connor Annette M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPhysical and psychosocial functioning of 30 male patients prior to and 3 months following aortocoronary bypass surgery were compared. Relationships between rehabilitation outcome and selected physical, psychosocial, and health care system variables were examined. Although patients' perceptions of their health improved after surgery, there was little improvement in physical and psychosocial functioning, and vocational functioning declined. When the outcome variables were regressed on their possible explanatory variables, the variance in exercise tolerance and energy expenditure on household activities remained unexplained. Energy expenditure on postoperative leisure activities was related to fear of injury. Preoperative psychosocial functioning, depression, and postoperative perception of health explained postoperative psychosocial functioning. Postoperative perception of health depended on the number of bypass grafts and spouse's/family's fear of patients' injury.
Quality of Life Index for Patients with Cancer
Authors: Padilla Geraldine V. , Presant Cary , Grant Marcia M. , Metter Gerald , Lipsett James , Heide Frances 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring the quality of life of cancer patients. Quality of life was measured with 14 linear analogue scale items concerning general physical condition, normal activities, and personal attitudes on general quality of life. The tool was tested with four subject groups: oncology outpatients receiving chemotherapy (43) or radiation therapy (39), oncology inpatients receiving chemotherapy (48), and nonpatient volunteers (48). Test‐retest reliability coefficients for these samples ranged from r = .11 to .97, with 52 of the 56 possible r's > .60, p < .01; internal consistency was .88, p < .01. Construct and discriminant validity were indicated, white concurrent validity between quality of life scores and physician estimates of Karnofsky ratings, prognosis, and quality of life were poor.
Development of Scales to Measure Beliefs of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Given Charles W. , Given Barbara A. , Gallin Rita S. , Condon John W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this article health belief concepts are identified and previous attempts to construct scales for measuring these concepts are critiqued. Using an initial sample of 156 diabetic patients, factor analytic techniques were used to develop measures of the basic concepts of the Health Belief Model. The derived scales from this sample were cross‐validated on a second sample of 92 diabetic patients. The scales were tested for unidimensionality, internal and external consistency, and stability across both samples. The application of these scales to nursing research and practice are discussed.
How Lamaze‐Prepared Expectant Parents Select Obstetricians
Authors: Brien Monica , Haverfield Nancy , Shanteau James 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOne form of consumer involvement in the health‐care process pertains to the selection of a physician. Expectant parents enrolled in prepared childbirth classes were asked to evaluate, individually, the importance of issues associated with selecting an obstetrician, both before and after childbirth. The data indicated that the ability of the obstetrician to communicate effectively with patients was the most important factor; of little importance were factors related to the obstetrician's personal characteristics (e.g., age, sex) and professional training. Although the husband/wife rankings showed a high degree of similarity, some differences were observed: husbands had a greater concern for the wife's treatment by medical personnel, while wives had a greater concern for the husband's involvement in the childbirth process. The obstetrician's office nursing staff was more important than such factors as recommendations, fees, and medical experience. Given the young and involved nature of the sample, these results may represent a future trend in health‐care consumers.
Clinical Evaluation of Student Performance: The Effects of Criteria on Accuracy and Reliability
Authors: Bondy Kathleen N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFaculty from four baccalaureate nursing programs participated in testing the accuracy and reliability of faculty evaluation of student performance as seen on a videotape. Three videotapes each portrayed a nursing student performing an ordinary nursing activity at five different levels of competency. The study design included three fixed factors (use of criteria, faculty experience, and type of student activity) and a trial factor with repeated measures (the five levels of performance). The experimental group (n = 27) used a 5‐point scale with criteria for rating the level of performance while the control group (n = 33) used the same scale without criteria. A computed score and an estimated score were collected from each subject for each level of performance. The experimental group that used the scale with criteria gave more accurate computed and estimated evaluation scores than the control group. Faculty experience was not a significant factor in accuracy, but type of student activity was significant with the highest scores given to affective behaviors and the lowest scores given to psychomotor behaviors. There were no significant interactions between the three fixed factors.
A Framework for Research on Aversive Physical Aspects of the Environment
Authors: Topf Margaret 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA theoretical framework for organizing research on the health effects from aversive physical aspects of the environment is specified. The nurse's role in preparing individuals to control aversive environmental stimuli and the effects of this on reactivity and health are detailed. The framework is substantiated by using the impact of hospital noise upon recovery as an example. Supportive theoretical and research literature are presented for the relationships hypothesized in the framework.
Measuring Informational Intervention for Chemotherapy Knowledge and Self‐Care Behavior
Authors: Dodd Marylin J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLittle is known about how cancer patients manage the side effects of chemotherapy, so 48 cancer patients in chemotherapy were randomized into four groups to determine their self‐care behaviors. The first group received drug information only; the second group received information on side‐effect management techniques (SEMT); the third group received combined drug and SEMT information; the fourth group were controls. Pre‐ and postintervention scores on chemotherapy knowledge, self‐care behavior, and general affective state were evaluated by analysis of covariance. Patients who received drug information alone or in combination with other information had higher chemotherapy knowledge scores. Patients who received SEMT information alone or in combination with other information performed more self‐care behaviors. Although an additive effect of combined information was noted, i.e., patients who received both types of information showed improved chemotherapy knowledge and self‐care behaviors, the combined information did not produce a significantly improved affective state.
Health Problems Encountered by Nurse Practitioners and Physicians in General Medicine Clinics
Authors: Chen Shu‐Pi C. , Barkauskas Violet H. , Chen Edwin H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDistribution of health problems encountered by nurse practitioners and physicians in general/adult medicine clinics was studied. Proportional samples by clinics were selected from a total of 13,039 patient visits made to four clinics during an 18‐week period in 1978. A Patient Encounter Form was used as the instrument and the ICD‐9‐CM as the coding system. Results showed that (a) 25.1% of the 13,039 patient visits were made to the nurse practitioners and 74.9% to the physicians, (b) 23 frequently reported health problems constituted more than 50% of all health problems seen by both provider groups, and (c) health problems with V codes constituted less than 30% of all health problems seen by both provider groups. Many similarities in health problems seen by nurse practitioners and physicians may indicate that nurse practitioners in the general/adult medicine specialty are used more to substitute for physicians in managing selected health problems than to complement medical practice.
Paraplegic Body‐Support Pressure on Convoluted Foam, Waterbed, and Standard Mattresses
Authors: Wells Patricia , Geden Elizabeth 
Published: April 2007

AbstractComparisons were made between body‐support pressures obtained when 15 male paraplegics laid on waterbed, foam, and standard mattresses. The variables examined were mattress, bone prominence, and time. The major findings were that the waterbed, in comparisons with the other mattresses, yielded significantly lower occipital, scapular, and sacral pressures at 5, 20, and 35 minutes.
A Patient Self‐Disclosure Instrument
Authors: Dawson Carolyn , Schirmer Mary , Beck Lois 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFour studies in which a patient self‐disclosure questionnaire was developed and tested are reported. The instrument was designed to include only content judged by both patients and clinicians as important. Three areas of patient difficulty in disclosing to a health care provider were measured: personal problems and feelings, responses to health care, and life style. Patient difficulty in disclosure was assessed by 21 7‐point rating scales, 7 for each disclosure area; ratings were summed to obtain scores. A correlation matrix of the ratings of 216 patients was subjected to a three‐factor principal components analysis with varimax rotation; the solution accounted for 59% of the total variance. High internal consistency and test re‐test reliability for the total scale and subscales were obtained; Cronbach's alpha .82–.83, n = 214; r = .81–.87, n = 66. In separate tests of construct validity patient self‐disclosure was shown to be influenced by locus of control and perception of clinician empathy, and to covary with heart rate changes.
Identifying artificially deformed crania
Authors: Clark J. L. , Dobson S. D. , Antón S. C. , Hawks J. , Hunley K. L. , Wolpoff M. H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper we report on a new discriminant function for the identification of artificially deformed crania. Development of the function, based on a sample of deformed and undeformed crania from the Philippines, required visual classification of the sample into deformed and undeformed groups. Working from the observation that deformed crania display flattened frontal and occipital regions, the sample was seriated based on degree of flattening; classification was based on the results of this seriation. The discriminant function, calculated using curvature indices, required only six simple measurements: arc and chord measurements for the frontal (glabella to bregma), parietals (bregma to lambda) and occipital (lambda to opisthion). The function was designed to be conservative, in that a deformed cranium may be classified as undeformed, but the opposite should not occur. Our function classified the undeformed crania with 100% accuracy and deformed crania with 76.9% accuracy, for a total of 91.9% agreement with visual classification. In order to evaluate whether the function is applicable for samples from outside the Philippines, a double blind test was conducted with a large sample of deformed and undeformed crania from a broad geographical and temporal range. For this sample, the function agreed with visual classification in 89.7% of cases; 98.8% of undeformed crania were correctly classified, while deformed crania were identified with 73.7% accuracy. These results demonstrate the utility of the new discriminant function for the classification of artificially deformed crania from diverse contexts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wild or domestic? Biometric variation in the cat Felis silvestris Schreber
Authors: O'Connor T. P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInvestigation of modern biometric data indicates that it may be possible to distinguish wildcats from house cats in many instances. Applying the log‐ratio (log‐difference) technique to archaeological samples from medieval northern Europe, and to mixed samples of wildcats and house cats, shows that the differentiation may not always be clear, and the possibility that some samples include hybrids is discussed. The technique is applied to samples from the Orkney Islands to demonstrate that single wildcat specimens can be identified in small samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational optimal control of the terminal bunt manoeuvre—Part 2: minimum‐time case
Authors: Subchan S. , Żbikowski R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis is the second part of a paper studies trajectory shaping of a generic cruise missile attacking a fixed target from above. The problem is reinterpreted using optimal control theory resulting in a minimum flight time problem; in the first part the performance index was time‐integrated altitude. The formulation entails non‐linear, two‐dimensional (vertical plane) missile flight dynamics, boundary conditions and path constraints, including pure state constraints. The focus here is on informed use of the tools of computational optimal control, rather than their development. The formulation is solved using a three‐stage approach. In stage 1, the problem is discretized, effectively transforming it into a non‐linear programming problem, and hence suitable for approximate solution with DIRCOL and NUDOCCCS. The results are used to discern the structure of the optimal solution, i.e. type of constraints active, time of their activation, switching and jump points. This qualitative
analysis, employing the results of stage 1 and optimal control theory, constitutes stage 2. Finally, in stage 3, the insights of stage 2 are made precise by rigorous mathematical formulation of the relevant two‐point boundary value problems (TPBVPs), using the appropriate theorems of optimal control theory. The TPBVPs obtained from this indirect approach are then solved using BNDSCO and the results compared with the appropriate solutions of stage 1. The influence of boundary conditions on the structure of the optimal solution and the performance index is investigated. The results are then interpreted from the operational and computational perspectives. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aqueous dispersions by ring‐opening metathesis polymerisation of exo,exo‐2,3‐bis(methoxymethyl)‐7‐oxanorbornene
Authors: Lu Shui‐Yu , Quayle Peter , Booth Colin , Yeates Stephen G. , Padget John C. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract2,3‐Bis(methoxymethyl)‐7‐oxanorbornene was polymerised in water plus at least 9gdm−3 Synperonic F127 by ring‐opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) initiated by commercial ruthenium trichloride. Stable dispersions with particle radii 0.03 μn or less were formed. Polymer molecular weights and molecular weight ratios by gel permeation chromatography (Mpk > 105, M̄wM̄n ∼ 2) were similar to those found earlier for ROMP of the same monomer in solution in aqueous ethanol.
The water retention values of never‐dried alkali‐treated celluloses
Authors: El‐Din Nabil M. Safy 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe extent of swelling of refined and unrefined cotton linter, viscose pulp and paper pulp treated with various concentrations of NaOH from 4 to 20% at 20°C, then washed with water and never dried was measured in terms of the water retention values (WRV). The treatment of unrefined fibers with alkali resulted in increase in WRV; the only exception was viscose pulp treated with 12 and 14% NaOH. Cotton pulp refined with 5% NaOH showed an increase in the swelling ability in water which increased with the concentration of alkali treatment, whereas for viscose and paper pulps the amount of water retained increased with alkali concentration up to 12% and 14% NaOH, respectively, then decreased with further increase in alkali concentration. For cotton and viscose pulps refined with 20% NaOH, the alkali treatment increased the affinity of fibers to water up to alkali concentrations of 16% and 12% NaOH, respectively,′ then the WRV became more or less stable after treatment with higher concentrations of NaOH. On the other hand, the paper pulp refined with 20% NaOH then treated with alkali concentrations from 10 to 20% showed decreased WRV.
pH stimulus response of complex‐forming poly[(ethylene glycol‐co‐propylene glycol)‐g‐acrylamide]: cr‐poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: De Yao Kang , Sun Shan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA novel interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) was synthesized on the basis of polyhydroxy‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐propylene glycol) chain extended with acrylamide and poly(acrylic acid) crosslinked with N,N‐methylene bisacrylamide. The study focused on the IPN's reversible response to pH and intelligent release behavior on pH stimulus.
New coordination polymers. IV. Oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) by permanganate ion in alkaline solutions. kinetics and mechanism of decomposition of intermediate complex
Authors: Hassan R. M. , El‐Gaiar S. A. , El‐Summan A. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of decomposition of [PVA. MnVIO‐] intermediate complex have been studied spectrophotometrically. A first‐order dependence on the intermediate concentration was observed. The decomposition rate was found to be base‐catalysed. The kinetic parameters have been evaluated and a mechanism consistent with the results obtained is discussed.
Photo‐oxidative coupling polymerization of methoxy acetonitrile and thermal behavior of the polymer obtained
Authors: Tanaka H. , Tsunemine N. , Sato T. , Ota T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPhoto‐oxidative coupling polymerization of methoxy acetonitrile was carried out by using organic peroxide as an oxidizing agent under UV light irradiation at ambient temperature. The acetonitrile gave a homopolymer with a molecular weight of about 1000‐1600 in moderate yield. 1H‐NMR and ESR spectra demonstrated the production of the polymer with the structure of 1,1‐disubstituted polymethylene through a methoxycyanomethyl radical intermediate. It was also found that the polymer easily produced unpaired electrons in the structure only by heating and it initiated the polymerization of methyl methacrylate above 70°C. In addition, the acetonitrile also afforded a copolymer with diphenylmethane by the coupling polymerization.
The curing kinetics of a modified bismaleimide
Authors: Goodwin A. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe thermally initiated cure of a modified bismaleimide has been monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and kinetic parameters have been obtained using dynamic and isothermal methods. Two major exotherms were identified which correspond well to a first order crosslinking process, with activation energies in the range 72‐85 kJ/mol.
Effects of monomer feed methods in emulsion polymerizations and hydrophilicity of monomers on morphology of latex particles and their minimum film formation temperatures
Authors: Cao Tongyu , Xu Yongshen , Wang Yanjun , Chen Xuesun , Zheng Aiqin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe paper describes the synthesis of polymer emulsions of methylmeth‐acrylate‐methylacrylate, methylmethacrylate‐ethylacrylate, and methylmeth‐acrylate‐2‐ethylhexylacrylate systems by different monomer feed methods. The minimum film formation temperatures of the emulsions were determined. The morphology of the latex particles was observed by electron microscopy. It was found that the effects of monomer feed methods and the hydrophilicity of the monomers on both the morphology of the latex particles and the minimum film formation temperatures of their emulsions are significant.
Thermo‐oxidative degradation of heterophasic ethylene‐propylene copolymers and their fractions
Authors: Singh R. P. , Mani R. , Sivaram S. , Lacoste J. , Lemaire J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe thermo‐oxidative degradation behaviour of heterophasic ethylene‐propylene copolymers and their fractions is discussed and the results are compared with those for the corresponding homopolymers. The most informative results were obtained when a small reactive species produced in the degradation was treated with reactive gases. The extent of thermal degradation was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The kinetics of oxygen absorption have also been studied at 140° C. Oxygen deficiency is manifested in the formation of diffusion‐limited products from ethylene‐propylene copolymer samples.