bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Diffraction and High‐Resolution Electron Microscopy of Mineral Structures
Authors: Nord Gordon L. 
Published: October 2006

This book is a well‐written English translation of the original 1981 Russian edition, Strukturnoye issledovaniye mineralov metodami mikrodifraktsii i elechtronnoi mikroskopii vysokogo razresheniya. The 1987 English version has been extensively updated and includes references up to 1986. The book is essentially a text on the theoretical and experimental aspects of transmission electron microscopy and has chapters on the reciprocal lattice, electron diffraction (both kinematic and dynamic), and high‐resolution electron microscopy.Electron diffraction is emphasized, especially its use for structure analysis of poorly crystalline and fine‐grained phases not readily determined by the more exact X ray diffraction method. Two methods of electron diffraction are discussed: selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and oblique‐texture electron diffraction (OTED); the latter technique is rarely used in the west and is never discussed in western electron microscopy texts. A SAED pattern is formed by isolating a small micrometer‐size area with an aperture and obtaining single‐crystal patterns from the diffracted beams. By tilting the sample and obtaining many patterns, a complete picture of the reciprocal lattice can be taken. An OTED pattern is formed when the incident electron beam passes through an inclined preparation consisting of a great number of thin platy crystals lying normal to the texture axis (axis normal to the support grid). To form an OTED pattern, the plates must all lie on a common face, such as a basal plane in phyllosilicates. Upon tilting the plates, an elliptical powder diffraction pattern is formed. Intensities measured from these patterns are used for a structural analysis of the platy minerals.
Ice cores and global change
Authors: Mayewski Paul A. 
Published: October 2006

For scientists interested in global change problems, ice core records provide a unique and invaluable medium for studying the past. These records yield both direct and proxy links to the paleoenvironment over periods potentially as long as hundreds of thousands of years with resolution down to seasonal scale for time‐series on the order of hundreds to thousands of years. In addition, the fact that most ice core records are retrieved from locations rarely, if ever, occupied by observers, adds to the value of these data sets.In response to the growing importance of such records, the National Science Foundation's Division of Polar Programs recently sponsored the U.S. Ice Core Research Workshop in Durham, N.H. At the workshop, 45 U.S. scientists actively involved in ice core research together formulated a globally based strategy planned through the 1990s that would result in the development of an ice core program integrally tied to global change issues. Representatives from the European ice core research community also attended, to aid in discussions of anticipated joint international efforts.
NASA Space Physics Program
Authors: Mellott Mary 
Published: October 2006

The selection of proposals to be funded under NASA's Space Physics Division Research and Analysis (R&A) Program in fiscal year (FY) 1989 has been completed, and the results of this selection are summarized here.These proposals were submitted in response to NASA Research Announcement (NRA) NRA‐88‐OSSA‐02, issued in February of this year. The NRA covered most but not all of the Division's R&A programs, as can be seen in Table 1. Basic R&A programs in Heliopsheric Physics, Ionospheric Physics, Magnetospheric Physics, and Solar Physics were reviewed, along with the Cosmic Physics Theory and Data Analysis. Not included in this review were the experimental portion of the Cosmic Physics program, the Suborbital Program (sounding rockets and balloons), and the Solar‐Terrestrial Theory Program.
Challenger and Discovery
Authors: Horn L. J. 
Published: October 2006

Watching Discovery land, I felt an intense pride and joy knowing that the United States was back in space once again. Those feelings triggered a series of memories for me.At the time of the Challenger explosion, I watched picture after perfectly pointed picture of the Uranus crescent read out on a data screen while, just a few feet away on the television screen, I saw a violent explosion and subsequent debris falling on the sea. Just a few days earlier, after years of careful planning, the Voyager spacecraft went hurtling through the Uranian system. Voyager was still transmitting to Earth new discoveries about Uranus, its rings and tiny moons. The Voyager success stood in stark contrast to the Challenger defeat.
Northeast Paleomagnetics Workshop
Authors: Banerjee Subir K. 
Published: October 2006

The second annual Northeast Paleomagnetics Workshop was held at Lehigh University on September 24. The meeting provided an informal forum for students to practice presenting their work and for workers to discuss the nuts and bolts of doing paleomagnetism. The first paleomagnetics workshop was held in September 1987 at Syracuse University under Peter Plumley's direction.More than 30 students and researchers from 14 institutions in the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada attended the conference, with 17 participants giving short presentations. Looser time constraints than typically observed at AGU meetings allowed uninhibited discussion during and after each of the talks. Topics covered ranged from interpreting Taconic overprints and recognizing strain and remagnetization in Appalachian rocks to the effects of overlapping coercivity spectra on directional distributions, AMS instrumentation problems, and the confidence interval about the angle between 2 poles.
AGU Congressional Fellow Frizell
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

AGU Congressional Science Fellow Virgil A. Frizzell, Jr., has completed the orientation program offered by the American Association for the Advancement of Science and has elected to work with Congressman Norman Y. Mineta.During the 2‐week orientation program arranged and conducted by AAAS, lectures, seminars, receptions, and tours introduced many aspects of the legislative process to Frizzell and the 40 other fellows comprising the 1988–1989 class of the AAAS Congressional Science and Engineering Fellows and Diplomacy Fellows Programs. Briefings by agencies affiliated with Congress (Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, General Accounting Office, and Congressional Budget Office), Executive agencies (Office of Management and Budget and Department of Defense), and several outside agencies (National Academy of Science, Inter‐American Development Bank, and World Resources Institute) provided insight into their roles in science a n d technology policy analysis, development, and implementation. The fellows generally found the orientation program challenging and exhausting, but it provided them with a basic understanding of the working environment in the capital and prepared them for the 2‐week selection process.
13th EGS Assembly
Authors: Barton P. J. 
Published: October 2006

About 1000 scientists from all over the world met in March in Bologna at the European Geophysical Society's 13th General Assembly. Among them were 57 students, whose travel to the meeting was subsidized by a travel grant program run by EGS.The meeting sessions were divided among the three sections of EGS, Solid Earth and Planets, Hydrospheres and Atmospheres, and Upper Atmospheres, Ionospheres, Magnetospheres, and External Geophysics.
Scientific drilling into the Midcontinent Rift System
Authors: Hinze W. J. , Kelly W. C. 
Published: October 2006

Geochemical and geophysical investigations over the past decade suggest a laterally as well as radially heterogeneous upper mantle. The sources of this variability are mantle dynamics and interactions with the crust. The opportunities to sample these variations directly are limited within continental regions. However, the basalts of the Midcontinent Rift (MCR) System of North America are particularly attractive for studying subcontinental mantle.The MCR is an 1100‐Ma paleorift [Halls, 1978; Green, 1983; Van Schmus and Hinze, 1985] that extends for more than 2000 km across the North American midcontinent (Cover). Drill holes into the MCR to obtain samples of the basalt can be located to answer critical questions regarding the origin and evolution of this aborted Precambrian rift.
Richard p. Feynman 1918”1988
Authors: Reiff Patricia H. , Feynman Joan , Gold Thomas , Wasserburg G. J. , Sheeley Neil R. , Akasofu S.‐I. 
Published: October 2006

Richard Feynman, simply put, was a genius. His quick wit and uncommon grasp of physics meant that any research area he encountered, he quickly mastered. Despite the fact that his own area of research was not geophysics, his life and work influenced almost all of us.Virtually every physics graduate student who started in the mid 60s or later was exposed to his Lectures on Physics, either by having t h em as a text for a course or by using them (as I did) to bone up for oral qualifying exams. Feynman diagrams appear in nearly every modern quantum mechanics textbook and are featured in his official Caltech portrait, which illustrates this article.
Along the waterfront
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Abel Wolman, AGU Section of Hydrology member since 1948 and a Fellow, has been awarded at the age of 96 the “Health for All” medal of t h e World Health Organization. As a sanitary engineer since 1915 and Professor Emeritus at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., he is the first nonphysician to receive this WHO awardOn November 9, during the 24th Annual Conference of the American Water Resources Association, in Milwaukee, Wis., the following awards were presented to AGU Section of Hydrology members: 5. W. Lohman, U.S. Geological Survey, retired, Denver, Colo. (Fellow and member since 1936), the Honorary Member Award in recognition of his eminence in water resource science and technology; Peter E. Black, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y. (member 1963), received the President's Award for Outstanding Service; receiving the William R. Boggess Award for the best paper were David R. Maidment (member 1874), and Douglas T. Shaw (member 1987), both of University of Texas, Austin; elected Fellows were Peter E. Black (member 1963) and Albert Rango (member 1969); t h e William C. Ackermann Medal for Excellence in Water Management was presented posthumously to William C. Ackermann, Champaign, III. (Fellow and member 1938), the award being accepted by Margaret Ackermann and family.
First IGBP Topic: Past Global Change
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Special Committee for the International Geosphere‐Biosphere Program set up in October the first IGBP scientific steering committee and instructed it to develop projects to study records of past global change. Hans Oeschger of the University of Berne, Switzerland, was named chairmanThe committee's work will encompass the past 150,000 years, to include a full glacial‐interglacial cycle. Particular studies will focus on changes during Holocine time, the past 10,000 years, and on changes induced by human activity in the past 1000 years. The IGBP Secretariat has more details (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, S‐104 05, Stockholm)
NSF picks 11 S&T Centers
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The National Science Foundation has chosen 11 universities to be the hosts of Science and Technology Centers. One of these, the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms at the University of Oklahoma in Norman, will emphasize geophysical research.The announcement of the centers marks the long‐awaited beginning of a controversial program that would provide first‐year installments on 5‐year grants. The size of each award ranges from $900,000 (the amount allocated to the storm prediction center) to $4.1 million.
CGU' 15th Meeting
Authors: Hajnal Z. 
Published: October 2006

The 1988 Annual Meeting of the Canadian Geophysical Union in May in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, marked a major change in the Union's position as one of Canada's scientific societies. While enjoying the guidance and support of the Geological Association of Canada and of the Canadian Association of Physicists for 15 years, the members of the Union overwhelmingly indicated their preference for an independent organization.The main objective of the new organization, according to its constitution, is “to advance the science of geophysics and promote a better understanding thereof throughout Canada.” In the spirit of this goal the executive received a mandate to establish formal contacts with several related scientific organizations. Negotiations toward various forms of association have reached different levels of completion with American Geophysical Union, Canadian Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Canadian Meteorological and Oceanograpahic Society, Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists, European Geophysical Society, and Geological Association of Canada.
TER‐QUA Climate Meeting
Authors: Tanner William F. 
Published: October 2006

Although the popular view is that the Earth is “warming up and drying out,” the present climate trend appears to be toward lower temperatures and more rain, according to papers presented by Earth scientists who met in Lincoln, Nebr., October 6–7.Several speakers stated that actual data supporting the warming‐up concept come from U.S. Weather Bureau stations, of which 97.5% are located in metropolitan areas where urban heat production is rising. These investigators found that the 2.5% rural stations show a cooling history for the latest 4 decades.
GEWEX
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

At the Vancouver General Assembly of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, its International Committee on Remote Sensing and Data Transmission (ICRSDT) established a Working Group on Global Change and the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experment (GEWEX). The ICRSDT Working Group has begun formulating areas of effort to consider, discuss, and develop over the next few years. The present members are Barry Goodison, Canada; Robert Gurney, U.S.; Helmut Rott, Austria; Albert Rango, U.S.; Vincent Salomonson, U.S., Chairman; and John Stewart, U.K.Tentative effort areas include the following:

Further definition of the role of remote sensing and data transmission in GEWEX.
Definition of the large‐scale effects of seasonal snow cover, particularly as observed by remote sensing.
Quantifying the spatial and temporal variability of evapotranspiration over large areas using remote sensing.
Selection of models making good use of remote sensing for general circulation models and water balance studies.
Definition of methods involving remote sensing or data transmission to aggregate observations or parameterize processes on a regional scale (for example, GCM grid scale/100×100 km) so as to Jink local processes with GCM models of the atmosphere or large watershed models.
Developing recommendations for remote sensing and in situ data sets that should be given high priority and compiled for studies of the hydrological cycle and its evolution over time. As part of this recommendation, identifications of key countries and their existing data sets might be included in the effort.
Studies begin on Armenian quake
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Scientists investigating the recent earthquake near Leninakan in Soviet Armenia have begun to come up with information that may help them understand the threat of future disasters in the region, one of the world's most seismically active and densely settled. One earthquake engineer has concluded that the seismic history of the area was a factor in the earthquakes's large death toll. 25,000 bodies have been recovered, and many more people may have been killed.The main shock was felt in northern Armenia for about half a minute at 11:41 AM local time. Current calculations from the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) in Boulder, Colo., show that the surface‐wave magnitude was 6.8. The epicenter was located at 40.94°N, 44.29°E, about 100 km northwest of Yerevan, Soviet Armenia's capital. Four minutes later a magnitude 5.8 aftershock hit the same area and hundreds of tremors have continued to shake the area. James Dewey of NEIC said the forms of seismic waves produced by the main shock suggest “that the earthquake was a multiple source event.”
SCOR activities
Authors: Krishaswami S. 
Published: October 2006

In August 1982 the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) constituted a working group (WG‐71) on “Particulate Biogeochemical Processes.” This working grouphad the following terms of reference:

To delineate the principal particulate transport processes which control trace element and nutrient element distribution in the open ocean.
To clarify the definition of terms and processes used to describe particulate material in the ocean and to suggest the most appropriate methodology for the study of the material defined above.
To ascertain the possibility of determining particulate fluxes of elements and organic matter to different depths in the sea.
To prepare a state‐of‐the‐art report on the particulate processes.
Hydrology prize to Dumitrescu and Nemec
Authors: Klemes Vit 
Published: October 2006

During the 8th Session of the World Meteorological Organization Commission for Hydrology in Geneva, I had the honor and pleasure to present the International Association of Hydrological Sciences Hydrology Prize jointly to Sorin Dumitrescu of Paris and Jaromir Němec of Geneva, who distinguished themselves by their contributions to hydrology on the international scene during the past two decades.Dumitrescu, a native of Rumania, who presently is the Acting Assistant Director General of the Natural Science Sector of Unesco, was cited for his multifaceted initiatives in his tenure as Director of the Unesco Division of Water Sciences during which he provided strong leadership for the International Hydrological Decade and later for the International Hydrology Program, which have become the mainstream of international scientific hydrological activities.
USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey is to assess the quantity and the quality of the Earth resources of the nation and to provide information that will assist resource managers and policy makers at the federal, state, and local levels in making sound decisions. Assessment of water‐quality conditions and trends is an important part of this overall mission, and the survey has recently released the report Concepts for a National Water‐Quality Assessment Program by Robert M. Hirsch, William M. Alley, and William G. Wilber as U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1021.The authors define an approach for examining the quality aspects of water resources at a unique combination of spatial and temporal scales. The spatial scale is primarily regional (several thousands of square miles), and the temporal scale is primarily multiyear and decadal. The study design stems from the view that insights about water quality, which would be of great value to resource managers and policy makers, can best be achieved by examining water quality at these scales and by aggregating the findings of the studies with time and across the country. These assessments would rely on many of the data already being collected as part of smaller‐scale studies focused on local problems, although the questions under investigation would be quite different. The primary questions would concern the natural and human factors that give rise to different types of widespread water‐ quality conditions and the long‐term fate of contaminants stored in aquifers, sediments, or biota.
Academies counsel Bush on science
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

For the first time, the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine have released reports providing a president‐elect with specific advice on science and technology issues.Released only days before President Reagan's final budget was sent to Congress, the “white papers” recommend that NASA's space station be developed only if consistent with clearly stated long term space goals, that natural gas be promoted as an alternative to fossil fuels that release more CO2, and that Bush's science advisor should occupy a senior White House position such as assistant to the President.
LCDP operation change
Authors: King John W. 
Published: October 2006

The Long Core Development Project (LCDP) has operated at the University of Rhode Island, Narragansett (URI), Graduate School of Oceanography, for the past 10 years. The goal of the LCDP was to develop a coring system for obtaining undisturbed, large‐diameter sediment cores of 50‐m length from oceanic depths. A 30‐m coring system has been developed and successfully tested.Federal funding for the operation, or continued development, of the LCDP is presently unavailable. Therefore the University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, and the URI Long Core Advisory Committee have elected to change the operation of the LCDP.
Center for ocean dating approved
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The National Science Foundation will spend up to $5.4 million over 3 years to establish a center dedicated to the rapid isotopic analysis of water from the world's oceans. The national facility will be located at Woods Hole Oceanographie Institution on Cape Cod, Mass, and is expected to open in the summer of 1990.The purpose of the center, according to an NSF statement, is to provide around‐theclock age analyses of oceanographie samples from around the world. The demand for quick, accurate dating of sea water is expected to rise sharply during the next decade as a result of new international research programs on the causes and effects of climate change and NSF's own Global Geoscience Initiative, the statement said. The Woods Hole facility will be able to process 4500 samples a year.
NASA planetary programs for 1990
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is accepting applications for research in planetary geology and geophysics, planetary astronomy, and instrumentation for future planetary flight missions for funding in Fiscal Year 1990. Detailed information is available from the discipline scientist for each program, at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546; tel. 202‐453‐1597.The program for research in planetary geology, geophysics, cartography, and geologic mapping (NASA Research Announcement 88‐OSSA‐16) supports investigation of the planets, their satellites including ring systems and Earth's Moon, and such smaller Solar System bodies as asteroids and comets. Examples of research under this program are theoretical, analytical, field, and comparative studies, laboratory experimentation, photointerpretation, and cartographic research like the l:500,000‐scale Mars Geologic Mapping program. For FY 1990 NASA expects to have about $10 million for the program, which should support about 150 scientists. Application deadline is April 1. James R. Underwood, Jr., Mail Code EL, is discipline scientist for the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program.
1988 Ewing Medal to Wolfgang H. Berger
Authors: Douglas Robert C. , Berger Wolfgang H. 
Published: October 2006

From simple suggestions sometimes spring great accomplishments. For Wolfgang Berger the beginning was a suggestion from his doctoral advisor, Fred Phleger, who said, in response to a question about what Wolf might pursue for a dissertation, “study planktonic foraminifera.”At the time the suggestion probably would not have been of interest to a geophysics or geochemistry student, but luckily for all of us, Wolfs early training was in paleontology and stratigraphy, and he took Fred's suggestion. The result has been a rich flow of ideas about the formation and preservation of biogenic sediments in the deep‐sea carbonate dissolution, climatic change, global ocean productivity, and the Cenozoic ocean.