bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BERBASIS LIMBAH PENAMBANGAN BATUBARA UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR ASAM TAMBANG
Authors: Mukarrom Faisol , Jumriyatin Jumriyatin 
Published: February 2025

Pembongkaran dan pemindahan tanah lapisan penutup yang mengandung sulfida dan mengalami kontak dengan air menyebabkan terbentuknya air asam tambang (AAT). Air asam tambang yang memiliki pH< 4 akan bereaksi dan melarutkan logam yang dilaluinya sehingga akan terbentuk bahan beracun berbahaya yang sangat mengganggu lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Salah satu metode pengolahan AAT yang mudah diaplikasikan dengan biaya operasional rendah adalah passive treatment yang menggunakan metode adsorpsi.Adsorpsi merupakan salah satu metode yang efektif untuk mengatasi masalah air asam tambang karena keekonomisannya dan ketersediaan adsorben di alam melimpah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas dan kapasitas adsorpsi komposit yang terdiri dari claystone yang berasal dari material overburden batubara, zeolit, dan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai penyerap Fe dan Mn dalam air asam tambang. Pada penelitian ini tanah liat Tanjung Enim, Sumatera Selatan dikalsinasi pada suhu 600-700 ÂºC dan dikarakterisasi dengan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), dan Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental di laboratorium. Jenis mineral claystone adalah kaolinit, zeolit: mordenit, dan arang tempurung kelapa: cristobalite. Komposit dibuat dengan 3 perbandingan (Claystone[C] : Pasir Kuarsa (P): Arang[A]) = 20:40 : 40, 25:25:50, dan 10:20:70. Tingkat adsorpsi komposit terbaik terhadap Fe dan Mn pada C::P:A= 10:20:70
الـمسائل التي خالف فيها الشيخ عبد الفتاح بن عبد الغني القاضي (ت: 1403هـ) علـماء العد من خلال منظومته "الفرائد الحسان في عد آي القرآن" من أول سورة البقرة إلى نهاية سورة الـكهف
Authors: د. وجدان بنت عبد اللطيف فرج  
Published: February 2025

فهذه دراسة حول منظومة "الفرائد الـحسان" وشرحها "نفائس البيان" ومقارنتها بالـمؤلفات الـمتقدمة في علـم عدّ آي القرآن الكريم، وقد اعتمد الباحث على منهج البحث ومنهج الاستقراء والـمقارنة وفق الخطوات التالية:

كتبت الآيات بالرسم العثماني وفق رسم مصحف الـمدينة (رواية حفص).
اعتمدت على كتابي (البيان) للإمام الداني، و(ناظمة الزهر) للإمام الشاطبي من الـمتقدمين، واعتمدت على (إتحاف فضلاء البشر) للعلامة البنا من الـمتأخرين، خاصة وأنه اعتمد العد الحمصي، فيكون موافقا للعلامة الشيخ عبد الفتاح القاضي في جعل علـماء العدد سبعة، وهم: الـمدني الأول، والـمدني الثاني، والـمكي، والكوفي، والبصري، والدمشقي، والحمصي.
بدأت بذكر كلام القاضي أولاً، ثم أتبعته بكلام العلـماء الـمتقدمين في العد، ثم ذكرت بعد ذلك الــمقارنة مبتدئة بقولي: "قـلت".
وضحت الرموز، مثل قولهم: الـمدنيان، أي: الـمدني الأول والثاني (وهو الأخير)، والحجازي أي الـمدنيان والـمكي، والعراقيان أو العراقي أي الكوفي والبصري، والشاميان أو الشامي عند الـمتأخرين أي: الدمشقي والحمصي، وأما عند الـمتقدمين فهو الدمشقي فقط، وقد استخدمت هذه الرموز في بعض الأحيان، مثل: الـمدنيين، والعراقيين، والشاميين.
ترجمت للأعلام غير الـمشهورين في أول موضع فقط.
وثقت النقول من مصادرها الأصيلة.
Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Oleh Masyarakat Bolaang Mongondow
Authors: Pangemanan Euis F.S. , Saroinsong Fabiola B. , Sumakud Maria Y. M. A. , Ratag Semuel P. , Kalangi Josephus I. 
Published: February 2025

Penelitian etnobotani tentang tumbuhan obat sangat penting karena dapat mengungkap pengetahuan tradisional yang penting tentang penggunaan tumbuhan untuk pengobatan. Pengetahuan ini ditransfer dari generasi ke generasi dan merupakan bagian penting dari budaya suatu masyarakat. Banyak spesies tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat oleh berbagai suku dan komunitas di Indonesia, yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang luar biasa. Selama bertahun-tahun, masyarakat Bolaang Mongondow di Sulawesi Utara telah memanfaatkan tumbuhan obat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit. Namun, pengetahuan ini belum tercatat dengan baik dan hilang seiring perubahan zaman. Karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengumpulkan dan mencatat jenis tumbuhan obat yang digunakan oleh penduduk Bolaang Mongondow di Sulawesi Utara, serta metode pengolahan dan pemanfaatan tumbuhan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Kosio Barat dan Desa Ikhwan (Kab. Bolaang Mongondow), Desa Popodu (Kab. Bolaang Mongondow Selatan), dan Desa Guaan (Kab. Bolaang Mongondow Timur). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara mewawancarai informan/responden untuk menggali informasi tentang nama lokal tumbuhan, bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan, cara penggunaan, dan manfaatnya. Responden adalah Batra, yang direkomendasikan oleh Kepala Desa setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 67 jenis tumbuhan yang dipergunakan masyarakat Bolaang Mongondow untuk menjaga kesehatannya. Bagian tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah daun, kemudian batang, akar, bunga, buah dan biji. Tumbuhan obat tersebut dimanfaatkan untuk pemeliharaan kesehatan dan mengobati berbagai penyakit. Terdapat berbagai kearifan lokal yang masih dipraktekan masyarakat sehubungan dengan pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat.
PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN MENGGUNAKAN VIDEO EDUKASI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGATAHUAN IBU TENTANG IUD
Authors: Chadaryanti Diyah , Susilawati Dewi 
Published: February 2025

Background: IUD is one of the non-hormonal contraceptive methods and is considered an ideal long-term contraceptive method for spacing pregnancies. The advantages of using IUD include requiring only one insertion for a long period of time at a low cost, being safe as it does not have systemic effects on the body, not affecting breastfeeding, and allowing for quick return of fertility after removal. One of the factors contributing to the low usage of IUD contraception is the low level of knowledge among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) regarding IUD contraception.Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of IUD contraception education through animated video media in increasing knowledge and attitudes among mothers of Childbearing Age (CBA).Research Methodology: The research method employed in this study is a Pre-Experimental Design using the One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The study was conducted at Pusyandu Susukan, East Jakarta, with a sample size of 45 individuals in Desember 2021. The health promotion media provided was in the form of a video about IUD.Results: The analysis revealed a significant difference in the level of knowledge among women of childbearing age before and after receiving health promotion, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). It is recommended that women of childbearing age increase their knowledge about IUD contraception by attending health education sessions conducted by healthcare providers and seeking information about IUD contraception at nearby healthcare facilities. The Research Conducted on Desember 2021Conclusion and Recommendations: IUD contraception education through animated video media is effective in improving knowledge and attitudes among mothers of Childbearing Age (CBA). It is hoped that the community in Pucung Village, Pekalongan Regency, will continue their information dissemination activities through both individual and group health education sessions.Â Keywords: Health Promotion, IUD, Knowledge, Women of Reproductive AgeÂ
Determination of the Optimal Spraying Application Rate for Improving the Vegetative Growth of Maize Crop Using Knapsack sprayer
Authors: Alheidary Majid H. , Muhsin Sadiq J. , Alshummary Anhar M. 
Published: February 2025

The most popular and efficient way for fertilization is soil application which needs to be applied in more significant quantities. Nevertheless, foliar fertilization is more practical and cost-effective in some situations. The main diagnostic methods for crop nutrients are foliar and soil fertilization tests to improve crop growth responses. Due to insufficient fertilizer application, particularly when utilizing the usual approach as a soil fertilizer addition, soil degradation will continue and become more expensive and impacting plant growth. To evaluate the influence on the maize vegetative growth, several NPK fertilizer levels were applied using foliar spraying, soil application and their combination treatments at different dosages. Experimental design was factorialal arrangement in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replicates. Data analysis using Genstat softwar (Discovery edition3). The droplet properties such as volume median diameter, droplet deposition, uniformity, and coverage percentage are influenced by the layer of the plant canopy. In addition, the main growth characteristics of maize plants were measured. The upper layers of the plant canopy are the more in the spray deposition (0.529 µl.cm-2), but the higher coverage percentage (33.36%) and the better deposition uniformity (5.54%) obtained in the bottom layers of the maize canopy. The findings demonstrate also a considerable increase in plant height, leaf number, leaf area, stem diameter, wet weight, dry weight, and percentage of N content in plants treated with foliar application and soil fertilization simultaneously (47.52cm, 14.98 leaf.plant-1, 8077, 6.06cm, 52.13gm, 14.31gm, and 2.71%) respectively. The findings imply that soil fertilization and foliar spraying can be used to enhance maize growth.
Improving the Quality Characteristics of Low-Fat Beef Burgers by Adding Different Levels of Rice Bran as a Source of Fibre
Authors: Al-Ghabawi Nawar A.A. , Al-Mossawi Aum El-Bashar H.J. 
Published: February 2025

The study aims at improving the quality characteristics of low-fat beef burgers. This is done by adding rice bran due to its high fibre content, which reached 40.27%. The burger was prepared using four treatments: the first treatment was a control treatment, the second treatment was through adding rice bran by 10%, the third treatment by 20%, and the fourth treatment by 30%. The chemical content of the product was thoroughly studied. The product was stored in the freezer (-18 ±2) for 90 days. during which some qualitative characteristics were monitored, including moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates, fibre, and cholesterol. As well as the physical characteristics, which included water holding capacity, loss by dissolving, loss by cooking, shrinkage by diameter, cooking yield, retained moisture, and retained fat. Chemical indicators included thiobarbituric acid and sensory characteristics, as well as color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and general acceptability. The results brought to light an increase in the fibre content in the burger prepared by increasing the addition of rice bran. It increased from 10.52% when 10% rice bran to 14.12% and 18.88% when rise adding rice bran to 20% and 30% respectively. The concentration of cholesterol decreased from 68.96 in control to 64.57, 61.86 and 57.43 mg.100-1 gm-1 when adding 10%, 20% and 30% rice bran respectively. Thiobarbituric acid decreased from 0.48 in control to 0.28 m.kg-1 when adding 30%. The loss after thawing, the cooking, and the shrinkage in diameter was also decreased with adding rice bran. The ability to hold water, the cooking yield, the percentage of retained moisture, and retained fat also increased. The duration of storage also had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the studied traits. The treatments to which rice bran was added also obtained acceptable evaluation scores, close to the evaluation scores of the control treatment. Especially the treatments to which 20% rice bran was added. The results disclosed that the addition of rice bran improved all quality characteristics of the product.
Genetic Variation and Bottleneck Tests in Iraqi Native Cows of Babylon Province by STR Markers
Authors: Alnajm Hayder R. , Alrubaye Talib A. , Javanmard Arash 
Published: February 2025

In the current study, we evaluated genetic variation and bottleneck analyses of Iraqi native cows in three locations of Babylon province. A total of 70 individuals of three cows' population were genotyped using ten the short tandem repeat markers (STR). The STR loci showed high variation of polymorphism. The average total number of alleles (TNA) and effective number of alleles (Ae) values were 5.30± 0.17 and 3.89± 0.11, respectively. The TNA at the marker level ranged from 3.00 (ETH3) to 8.00 (TGLA227), while the Ae ranged from 2.69 (ETH3) to 5.54 (TGLA227). The Shannon index (I) at the marker level ranged from 1.05 (ETH3) to 1.87 (TGLA227), with mean 1.48± 0.28. Also, the mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.65±0.15, with a range of 0.54 (ETH3) to 0.81 (TGLA227). The average observed heterozygosity (Obs_Het) was 0.54 ± 0.18 and varied from 0.16 (ETH3) to 0.77 (TGLA53). The average expected heterozygosity (Exp_Het) was 0.75±0.25, with a range of 0.62 (ETH3) to 0.85 (TGLA227). The means HS unbiased gene diversity, and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were 0.73±0.23, and 0.24±0.09, respectively. The mean Fis, Fit and Fst, and gene flow (Nm) were 0.296 ± 0.065, 0.314 ± 0.090, 0.032 ± 0.002, and 7.259 ± 2.113 respectively. The native cow's population is not at bottleneck, and normal L-shaped distribution of allele frequencies, that it has not experienced any recent decline in effective population size and has remained in equilibrium between mutation and drift. The Bayesian analysis showed that all animals were heterogeneous and formed three distinct clusters.
Morphological and Molecular study of Seven New Recorded of Ostracod in - Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Latef Berivan A. , Ali Luay A. 
Published: February 2025

The current study conducted the first characterization of morphological and molecular of seven Ostracoda species new to Iraqi fauna which are; Heterocypris salina, H. spadix, Dolerocypris sinensis, Cyprinotus unoi, Eucypris virens, Sclerocypris exserta and Notodromas monacha that belongs to two families (Cyprididae and Notodromatidadae) collected from 17 different sites which are stream, lakes and rivers in the boundary of Province, from September 2021 to October 2022. For biological purposes, samples of aquatic shore plants (Cynodon dactylon, Polygonum sp., Nerium oleander and Nasturtium officinale), algal municipal (Anabaena and Chlorella vulgaris), were also collected zooplanktonic net was used in the sampling mesh-size (55 μm pore size).Samples placed in an oxygen instrument for about one week after being transformed into the laboratory to allow the ostracod species to grow. After the maturation period, adult species were fixed (were preserved) in 70% and 100% ethanol for morphological and molecular analysis respectively. PCR product of COI was sequenced using forward primer COI F 5'(ACCCGCTGAATTTAAGCAT)3' and reverse primer COIR 5'( CTCTTCAGATACTTTTCAAC) 3' then registered in the GenBank database with their accession numbers. The phylogenetic tree was constructed; the studied species were recognized (as new records to the Iraqi fauna of ostracods) and described from Iraq for the first time. The goal of present study is the molecular study the species besides the phenotypic identification for more accurate taxonomic results.
Utilization of Locally Available Substrates And Their Effect on the Growth And Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis group) Microgreens
Authors: Rabago Aeron H. R. , Rosales Raymund J. G. , Gregorio-Balbas Micah B. , Pungtilan Aira L. I. 
Published: February 2025

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of substrates on the growth and production of cauliflower microgreens (Brassica oleracea botrytis group), Two varieties (Makita and Moonlight) were grown in different substrates consisting of cocopeat, carbonized rice hull (CRH), perlite with cocopeat (equal parts) and vermiculite and were harvested 6 days after emergence. The study was conducted under ambient conditions (temperature: 28 ± 2 °C and relative humidity: 65 ± 5%) for 8 days of cultivation from sowing. The results showed that the types of substrates significantly affect the growth and production of cauliflower microgreens. Based on the effects of substrates on each variety, for the Makita variety, perlite with cocopeat showed longer roots and similar fresh weight compared to CRH. While Moonlight variety showed taller microgreens, longer hypocotyls, and longer leaves when grown in perlite with cocopeat medium compared to other substrates. Moreover, the fresh weight of microgreens grown in perlite with cocopeat was higher compared to cocopeat and CRH, Perlite with cocopeat and cocopeat showed higher yields which were similarly higher than vermiculite and CRH. Substrates did not record a significant effect on total soluble solids for both varieties, On the other hand, Moonlight yields outperformed Makita yields, especially in perlite with cocopeat substrate which also recorded better growth for Moonlight Hence for high-yielding microgreens.a
Roles of Foliar Fertilization on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars (Review)
Authors: Munda Daniel , Laekemariam Fanuel , Abrham Yitbarek 
Published: February 2025

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops, and it is a source of daily diet and cash crop in Ethiopia. However, its production is affected by nutrient application methods of which foliar fertilization is a popular method. The objective of this review paper is to synthesize literatures on the effects of foliar fertilization on growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivars. Both macro and micronutrient concentrations were evaluated. The articles addressing that foliar fertilization effectively increased growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivars. Foliar fertilization to be effective and maximize crop yield and nutrient uptake, the "right type," "right rate," "right time “and” right place" are essential. The right nutrient selection satisfies crop requirements, and the optimal rate of application avoids stunted development. Applications should be timed for optimal absorption conditions to maximize efficacy and avoid waste by focusing on absorbent plant sections. These elements work together to promote sustainable and effective crop management. Over all, the results showed that with 10,000 ppm of urea fertilization, the Marglobe tomato cultivar achieved a plant height of 155.63 cm, fruit weight of 151 g, and a yield of 63.69 t/ha. Additionally, the findings indicated 9.05 ± 0.32% total soluble solids (TSS) and a chlorophyll content of 51.6 ± 1.31 SPAD values with 100 ppm of ZnO nanoparticles. In conclusion, foliar fertilization of nutrients increased growth, yield and quality of tomato cultivars however, the result vary from cultivar to cultivar. The foliar fertilization depends on appropriate time, weather condition, genotypes of tomato, leaf area index, amount of foliar fertilization, type of nutrient, and stage of crop.
Effectiveness of Novel Growth Regulator and Fertilizer to Improve Quality and Yield of Spring Wheat
Authors: Okbagabir Shimendi G. , Al-Mamoori Mohammed H. , Pakina Elena N. , Zargar Meysamr 
Published: February 2025

Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers is possible by implementing environmentally friendly smart farming technology like growth regulators and foliar fertilizer interactions. The experiment was entitled “Effectiveness of novel growth regulator and fertilizer to improve spring wheat quality and yield production.” The field was conducted at Barybino, Moscow Region in 2023. The experiment comprised 16 treatment combinations in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) viz plant growth regulators (PGR) Centrino-1 (GR1), Centrino-2 (GR2), Centrino-3 (GR3), and Terrasay Fertilizer-1 (F1), Terrasay Fertilizer-2 (F2) and Terrasay-3 (F3) and Control (Co). The purpose of the research work was, to examine the effects of a new formulation of foliar fertilizer and PGR on the quality and productivity of spring wheat, and to determine the best way and right dosage levels of growth regulators and fertilizers to increase crop resistance, nutrient uptake efficiency of the crop. The results showed GR3F2 need-based led to the highest plant height (69.8cm) and leaf area (7.63 cm2). GR2F1 attained the highest number of tillers, root length, biological yield, grain yield, and gluten with a mean value of 3 tiller plant-1, 10.7cm, 11118 kg ha-1, 5042kg ha-1 and 12.30 respectively. GR1F3 and GR2F2 recorded the highest in protein, and carbohydrate with a mean value of 9.63%, and 89% respectively. In conclusion, proficient handling of plant growth regulators (PGR) and fertilizers (F) can be considered as a crop management strategy to boost yield and quality by improving chemical fertilization, utilization efficiency, and reducing environmental pollution.
Improvement of Bacteriocin Production by Natural Zeolite and Detection of Antibacterial Activity of Leuconostoc carnosum Purified Carnosin
Authors: Ibrahim Haneen A. , Khelkal Intesar N. , Muhsin Yusra M. 
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was the improvement of bacteriocin production due to importance of bacteriocin in biotechnology. Zeolite was used for the first time in this study to support and improvement of bacteriocin production through the ability to increase the bacterial biomass. Zeolite is a mineral that consists mainly of aluminosilicate. One –hundred eighty isolates belonging to the lactic acid bacteria were obtained from 120 samples of different parts of cauliflower and broccoli .The vegetable samples were taken from different markets in Baghdad city for 3 months. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates were identified by standard diagnostic methods. Bacteriocin production was detected by measuring the inhibition zone towards indicator pathogenic bacterial isolates. The isolates were screened to determine the most efficient producer which caused the largest inhibition zone and it chosen. The most efficient producer was Leuconostoc carnosum after confirmed identification using the VITEK®2 System. The results showed the maximum bacteriocin production with a specific activity of 1093 AU.mg-1 protein when added 1.5%. The active peptide was purified from the cell-free supernatant of Leuconostoc carnosum in three processes: (1) Ammonium sulfate for precipitation with 40-60% saturation (2) ion-exchange chromatography (3) gel filtration chromatography. The purified carnosin was characterized by determining the molecular weight using SDS PAGE (8KDa) in size .Carnosin had lost antimicrobial activity with different protease treatments (pepsin, trypsin and proteinase K). Carnosin was maintained its activity at 100oC but lost 13% of it at 121oC after 15 min.; Carnosin resistance for changed in PH range of 2.0-11.0, while lost 15% of its activity at pH 12.0. Also the organic solvent, surfactant and metal ion salt do not effect on its activity. The purified carnosin appeared a board range of antimicrobial activity against many pathogenic and food-borne spoilage bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.