bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfate-promoted Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Selective Reduction of Nitrogen Monoxide by Propane in Oxygen-rich Atmosphere
Authors: Hamada Hideaki , Kintaichi Yoshiaki , Tabata Mitsunori , Sasaki Motoi , Ito Takehiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The effect of pretreatment with sulfuric acid on several metal oxide catalysts for the title reaction was investigated. TiO2, ZrO2, and Fe2O3 Pretreated with sulfuric acid showed high activity, whereas the activity of Al2O3 was decreased by the treatment.
Lanthanide Trifluoromethanesulfonates as Stable Lewis Acids in Aqueous Media. Yb(OTf)3 Catalyzed Hydroxymethylation Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Commercial Formaldehyde Solution
Authors: Kobayashi Shu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Silyl enol ethers smoothly react with commercial formaldehyde solution to give the corresponding hydroxymethylated adducts in high yields by the promotion of a catalytic amount of ytterbium(III) triflate (Yb(OTf)3), which is a stable Lewis acid in aqueous media. Other lanthanide triflates are also found to be effective.
A Novel Thermal Addition of Diaryl Diselenides to Acetylenes
Authors: Ogawa Akiya , Takami Noriaki , Sekiguchi Masahito , Yokoyama Hiroshi , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Ryu Ilhyong , Sonoda Noboru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
When diphenyl diselenide is heated at 150–180 °C in the presence of acetylenes, an acetylene insertion reaction into the Se–Se bond of the diselenide takes place to provide vic-bis(phenylseleno)alkenes in moderate to high yields.
Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol by Lanthana-Supported Palladium Catalyst
Authors: Fan Li , Fujimoto Kaoru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Pd/La2O3 catalyst reduced by flowing hydrogen at 500 °C for 1 h was found to be a promising catalyst for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. At 230 °C and 30 bar, the CO2 conversion was 4.8% while methanol selectivity reached 82.7% with extremely high durability, even if the composition of reactant gas was CO2 : H2 = 1 : 3.
Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of Allylic Alcohols Catalyzed by a Chiral Disulfonamide-Aluminum Complex
Authors: Imai Nobuyuki , Takahashi Hideyo , Kobayashi Susumu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A chiral disulfonamide-alkylaluminum complex prepared from (1R,2R)-N,N′-bis(benzenesulfonyl)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine and trialkylaluminum or i-Bu2AlH has been found to catalyze a Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation of allylic alcohols with Et2Zn and CH2I2 to afford the corresponding cyclopropanes in excellent yields with high enantiomeric excesses.
Pyranylidenemethyl- and Thiopyranylidenemethyl-substituted Furans, Thiophenes, and N-Methylpyrroles as Precursors of Organic Metals and Third-order Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo , Otsubo Tetsuo , Ogura Fumio , Ashitaka Hidetomo , Morita Kazuhiro , Suehiro Tsutomu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The title heteroaromatics have been synthesized by Wittig-Hornor reactions of the appropriate heterocyclic dialdehydes with diethyl pyranyl- and thiopyranyl-phosphonate. Cyclic voltammetry indicated their strong π-donor abilities, and some TCNQ complexes showed high electrical conductivities. They were also found to have large third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities.
Conversion of 1-(ω-Alkynyl)-1,2-propadienyl Sulfides to Bicyclic Dienones by the Use of Iron Carbonyl Complex
Authors: Narasaka Koichi , Shibata Takanori 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
1-(ω-Alkenyl)-1,2-propadienyl sulfide reacts with Fe(CO)4(NMe3) under photo irradiation conditions and a cyclized and carbonylated η3-allyl mononuclear iron complex is isolated. On the other hand, the reaction of 1-(ω-alkynyl)-1,2-propadienyl sulfides and Fe(CO)4(NMe3) also proceeds by photo irradiation to give various bicyclic dienones through the η3-allyl iron complex.
Alternating Molecular Arrangements in Paired Bilayers of Oppositely Charged Amphiphiles
Authors: Nishimi Taisei , Tachikawa Masami , Maeda Tadashi , Ishikawa Yuichi , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Equimolar mixtures of cyclam amphiphiles and malonate amphiphiles produced uniformly paired bilayers. Absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction measurements showed that molecular alignments were determined by combinations of the alkyl chain length of paired bilayer components as in the respective single-component bilayers.
H2S and CH3SH Sensor Using a Thick Film of Gold-Loaded Tungsten Oxide
Authors: Ando Masami , Suto Seiichi , Suzuki Takahiro , Tsuchida Takashi , Nakayama Chiaki , Miura Norio , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A thick film sensor element fabricated with 0.5 wt% Au-loaded WO3 was found to exhibit excellent sensing properties to H2S and CH3SH in air at 300 °C. The element was sensitive to very dilute H2S and CH3SH, the detection limits of the gases being 20 ppb and 30 ppb, respectively.
Electroenzymatic Oxidation of Alcohols on a Poly(acrylic acid)-coated Graphite Felt Electrode Terimmobilizing Ferrocene, Diaphorase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Authors: Osa Tetsuo , Kashiwagi Yoshitomo , Yanagisawa Yoshinori 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A preparative electroenzymatic oxidation of alcohols was successfully carried out on a poly(acrylic acid)-coated graphite felt electrode ter-immobilizing ferrocene, diaphorase and alcohol dehydrogenase in the domain of the poly(acrylic acid) layer in a 1 mM NADH / phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) with high stereoselectivity ( &gt;96%), high isolated yield ( &gt;90%) and high current efficiency ( &gt;89%).
Total Synthesis of a Novel β-Glucosidase Inhibitor, Cyclophellitol Starting from d-Glucose
Authors: Sato Ken-ichi , Bokura Masayuki , Moriyama Hironori , Igarashi Tetsutaro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Cyclophellitol [1l-(1,2,4,6/3,5)-1,2-anhydro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol], a novel β-glucosidase inhibitor, has been synthesized from d-glucose via a branched-chain 6-deoxyhex-5-enopyranoside.
Enhanced Reducing Ability by the Combination of SmI2 and Sm Metal in the Reduction of Alkyl Halides
Authors: Ogawa Akiya , Nanke Taizoh , Takami Noriaki , Sumino Yukihito , Ryu Ilhyong , Sonoda Noboru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Reduction of alkyl bromides and iodides easily takes place under mild conditions by the use of a reaction system combining SmI2 with Sm metal. The reducing ability of this Sm/SmI2 mixed reagent is superior to that of SmI2 or Sm metal used independently.
Synthesis and Structure of Novel Hexanuclear Iron(III) Complexes with μ-Hydroxo-bis(μ-amino acid-O,O′)diiron Cores
Authors: Tokii Tadashi , Ide Kouji , Nakashima Michio , Koikawa Masayuki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Novel hexanuclear iron(III) complexes with Fe2(μ-OH)(μ-RCOO)2 moiety in the molecule (where RCOO is an amphoteric ion of β-alanine (1) or glycylglycine) have been prepared. The crystal structure of 1 consists of two μ-hydroxo-bis(μ-β-alanine-O,O′)diiron(III) cores and two iron(III) ions bridged by μ-oxo ions at each iron(III) site in the cores.
N-Alkyl lmidazoles as Effective Axial Ligands in the Aerobic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins Catalyzed by Optically Active Manganese(III)-salen-type Complex
Authors: Imagawa Kiyomi , Nagata Takushi , Yamada Tohru , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
N-Alkyl imidazoles are effective axial ligands to achieve highly enantioselective epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins by combined use of molecular oxygen and pivalaldehyde with optically active Mn(III)-salen-type complex catalysts. In the presence of N-alkyl imidazole, the epoxidation of 2,2-dimethylchromene proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding optically active epoxide in 92% enantiomeric excess.
Enantioselective Aldolation Mediated by Functionalized Bilayer Membranes as Artificial Vitamin B6-dependent Enzymes
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Miyajima Tetsuya , Hisaeda Yoshio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Supramolecular bilayer assemblies, each composed of a peptide lipid having an (S)-alanine residue, an additional one having (S)-binaphthol and (S)-alanine moieties, a hydrophobic pyridoxal derivative, and copper(II) ions, mediated the aldolation of glycine with benzaldehyde to afford ß-phenylserine under mild reaction conditions, exhibiting marked enantioselectivity.
CO2 Hydrogenation for C2+ Alcohols Synthesis over Silica-Supported Ir-Mo Catalysts
Authors: Kishida Masahiro , Yamada Keiki , Nagata Hideo , Wakabayashi Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
CO2 hydrogenation over silica-supported catalysts was carried out to investigate the synthesis of C2+ alcohols (ethanol, propanol and butanol). The Ir-Mo bimetallic system among the catalysts investigated was found to produce C2+ alcohols. The catalytic performance of the Ir-Mo catalysts was examined as a function of Mo/Ir molar ratio. It was revealed that the highest selectivity to C2+ alcohols was obtained in the Mo/Ir ratios of around 0.3.
An NMR Study of Chiral Recognition Relevant to the Liquid Chromatographic Separation of Enantiomers by a Cellulose Derivative
Authors: Yashima Eiji , Yamada Makiko , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Chiral discrimination of enantiomers by cellulose tris(4-trimethylsilylphenylcarbamate) (CTSP) was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The 1H NMR signals of trans-stilbene oxide and 2-butanol were enantiomerically separated into two sets of peaks in the presence of CTSP in CDCl3. The competition experiment with acetone suggests that trans-stilbene oxide may be adsorbed on the NH proton of carbamate residues of CTSP. Chemical shift non-equivalence in enantiotopic methyl groups of 2-propanol was observed in the presence of CTSP.
Peripherally administered [Nle4,d-Phe7]-α-melanocyte stimulating hormone increases resting metabolic rate, while peripheral agouti-related protein has no effect, in wild type C57BL/6 and ob/ob mice
Authors: Hoggard N , Rayner D V , Johnston S L , Speakman J R 
Published: April 2006

The melanocortin system coordinates the maintenance of energy balance via the regulation of both food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin, a key adipogenic hormone involved in the regulation of energy balance is thought to act by stimulating production, in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH), a potent agonist of MC3/4 melanocortin receptors located in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Additionally leptin inhibits release of agouti-related protein (AgRP), an MC4R antagonist. During periods of caloric restriction, weight loss is not sustained because compensatory mechanisms, such as reduced resting metabolic rate (RMR) are brought into play. Understanding how these compensatory systems operate may provide valuable targets for pharmaceutical therapies to support traditional dieting approaches. As circulating leptin is reduced during caloric restriction, it may mediate some of the observed compensatory responses.
In addition to decreases in circulating leptin levels, circulating AgRP is increased during fasting in rodents while αMSH is decreased. As central administration of AgRP depresses metabolism, we hypothesised that the peripheral rise in AgRP might be involved in signalling the depression of RMR during food restriction. We hypothesised that changes in plasma AgRP and αMSH may coordinate the regulation of changes in energy expenditure acting through central MC4 melanocortin receptors via the sympathetic nervous system.
We show here that acute peripherally administered AgRP at supra-physiological concentrations in both lean (C57BL/6) and obese leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice does not depress RMR, possibly because it crosses the blood–brain barrier very slowly compared with other metabolites. However, in vitro AgRP can decrease leptin secretion, by approximately 40%, from adipocytes into culture medium and may via this axis have an effect on energy metabolism during prolonged caloric restriction. In contrast, peripheral [Nle4,d-Phe7]-α MSH produced a large and sustained increase in resting energy expenditure (0.15 ml O2/min; P <0.05) with a similar response in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice (0.27 ml O2/min) indicating that this effect is independent of the status of leptin production in the periphery. In both cases respiratory exchange ratio and the levels of energy expended on spontaneous physical activity were unaffected by the administration of peripheral [Nle4,d-Phe7]-α MSH. In conclusion, αMSH analogues that cross the blood–brain barrier may significantly augment dietary restriction strategies by sustaining elevated RMR.
Geodynamic setting of the Birimian volcanism in central Ivory Coast (western Africa) and its place in the Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the Man Shield
Authors: Pouclet André , Doumbia Siaka , Vidal Max 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPalaeoproterozoic volcanic formations having different geochemical features are described in the Katiola-Marabadiassa area (Central Ivory Coast). They consist of (i) metamorphic mafic rocks belonging to the greenstone belts, (ii) rhyodacites intruded into the greenstone belts and interpreted as sub-volcanic apophyses of TTG plutons, and (iii) calc-alkaline andesitic lava interbedded in the lower sedimentary pile of the Bandama Basin. The greenstone belt rocks have a magmatic signature of ocean floor tholeiites. They were generated from moderate partial melting of a fairly depleted spinel lherzolite source. The rhyodacites show the same compositions as the TTG granitoids of the belt. These TTGs generated from melting of garnet-bearing amphibolite, derived from subducted oceanic crust, but also from peridotite melting of the fertilized mantle wedge. The andesites show a common composition of active continental margin potassic calc-alkaline lavas. However, they do not constitute a volcanic belt, but belong to an intracontinental basin settled in a wrench tectonic system. They probably generated from remelting of sub-crustal metasomatised mantle.The tectono-magmatism story of the Katiola-Marabadiassa area comprises four stages. A similar evolution is found in other belt-and-basin areas in Ivory Coast. A review of lithostratigraphic and chronological data of the Birimian terrains leads us to compare the four-stage model of the Central Ivory Coast to the West-African Palaeoproterozoic evolution. The first stage corresponds to ocean crust formation, by mid-ocean ridge accretion and volcanic arc building. The second stage, partly overlapping the previous one, is convergent and lasted from oceanic crust stacking to TTG and associated greenstone belt formation. It led to a protocontinental crust accretion by docking of granitized blocks, from ca 2200 Ma to 2110 Ma. The third stage corresponds to the formation of intracontinental basins by reorganization of the granitoid-greenstone shields and of the remnant oceanic basins, between 2118 Ma and 2093 Ma. It was associated with calc-alkaline magma production. The fourth stage is characterized by transtensional stress, with the closure of the basins by left-lateral wrenching along N-S faults, and by emplacement of new potassic granitoids until 2072 Ma.
The Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel northeastern littoral: an illustrative case of coastal sedimentary body evolution and stratigraphic organization in a transgressive/highstand context
Authors: Tessier Bernadette , Billeaud Isabelle , Lesueur Patrick 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is primarily of pedagogic order. It presents the landscapes of the northeastern littoral of the Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel and explains how these landscapes can be understood in terms of stratigraphic organization and evolution. The northeastern coast of the Bay displays contrasted landscapes and morphodynamic processes along a restricted area. This coast consists in an elongated sandy barrier made of beaches and aeolian dunes, and back barrier tidal flats. A wide estuarine channel-and shoal system migrates in front of the beaches. Because of direct wave attack, the barrier experiences a severe retreat in the north whereas in the south, due to sufficient sediment supply, beaches and dunes tend to prograde. These contrasted processes give rise to different sedimentary bodies and surfaces, the nature, geometry, extension, and time-scale of which are described and discussed through examination of the landscapes. The present-day depositional system can be thus used to illustrate and test sequence stratigraphic concepts such as system tracts, ravinement surfaces and process time-scales.
Licensing Leisure: The Chinese Nationalists' Attempt to Regulate Shanghai, 1927–49
Authors: Wakeman Frederick 
Published: April 2006

AbstractShanghai has often been called the Paris of the Orient. This is only half true. Shanghai has all the vices of Paris and more but boasts of none of its cultural influences. The municipal orchestra is uncertain of its future, and the removal of the city library to its new premises has only shattered our hopes for better reading facilities. The Royal Asiatic Society has been denied all support from the Council for the maintenance of its library, which is the only center for research in this metropolis. It is therefore no wonder that men and women, old or young, poor or rich, turn their minds to mischief and lowly pursuits of pleasure, and the laxity of police regulations has aggravated the situation.
Imaging History: Inscribing Belief in the Nation
Authors: Tanaka Stefan 
Published: April 2006

Acommission sponsored by the meiji governmentand headed by Okakura Tenshin (Kakuzō), Kanō Tessai, and Ernest F. Fenollosa traveled to Nara Prefecture in 1884 to catalog the important artifacts in temples and shrines. Fenollosa's later description of an event of this trip, which is often presented to show how he with the assistance of Okakura “saved” Japanese art, brings out the major argument of my article: the role of fine art in the formulation of belief in the nation. Fenollosa describes his “discovery” of the Guze Kannon (Goddess of Mercy), a seventh-century gilt-wood sculpture, at the Hōryūji temple:I had credentials from the central government which enabled me to requisition the opening of godowns and shrines. The central space of the octagonal Yumedono was occupied by a great closed shrine, which ascended like a pillar towards the apex. The priests of the Horiuji confessed that tradition ascribed the contents of the shrine to Corean work of the days of Suiko, but that it had not been opened for more than two hundred years.
The Historical Limits of the Question of Russia and the West
Authors: Szeftel Marc 
Published: April 2006

Professor Roberts’ study is an impressive methodological achievement. The more one meditates on it, the less one finds to disagree with. The task of this writer is rather a frustrating one, for how can one bring new points of view to supplement such a thorough treatment?Professor Roberts pointed out that the future of the dilemma under study will hardly be dominated by the issue “Russia versus the West,“ for it will be overshadowed by more powerful factors which have dominated the life of both the West and Russia since the beginning of our century (Russia up to 1917!). I would be tempted as a historian to go one step further, and question our ability to see, or consciously to shape, the future. First of all, many new factors may appear. Second, we do not know the relationship and proportional weight of factors that will continue from the present into the future. So I would eschew the consideration of the future altogether.
The Purge of Marshal Zhukov
Authors: Cocks Paul M. 
Published: April 2006

In contrast to the purge of the “anti-party group” in June, 1957, the removal of Marshal Georgii Zhukov from power has occasioned relatively little comment from Soviet authorities. However, even if the agents of Soviet totalitarianism have remained silent about the reasons for the purge of Zhukov, a consideration of the dynamics of the totalitarian system may help us to reach an explanation.This study will first explore the official charges on the basis of which his removal was justified in the Resolution of the Central Committee, Marshal Konev's speech, and subsequent statements. These charges were: (1) promotion of the cult of Zhukov in the Soviet Army; (2) reduction and curtailment of party control over the army; (3) misdirection in military matters, particularly in military science and organizational questions; (4) adventurism and Bonapartism.
The Significance of the Missions of Cyril and Methodius
Authors: Dvornik Francis 
Published: April 2006

The eleven-hundredth anniversary of the arrival of a Byzantine Mission in Moravia (863) revived the interest of Slavic historians and philologists in the history of SS. Cyril and Methodius and served to reopen discussions concerning the significance of their activity in Moravia for the development of the Slavs.It was widely believed that their mission had a profoundly religious character—the conversion of the Moravian pagans to Christianity. This interpretation is not quite correct. The words which the author of Cyril’s biography lets the Moravian ruler Rastislav address to the Emperor Michael should make us cautious about the real character of the Byzantine mission in Moravia. Rastislav is supposed to have declared that his people had already rejected paganism and were observing Christian rules. Some saw in this declaration an exaggeration and attributed it to Rastislav or to the biographer. Recent archaeological discoveries made in Moravia, however, confirm the correctness of Rastislav’s declaration. Thus far the foundations of sixteen stone churches have been discovered, and at least five of them were erected before the arrival of the Byzantine mission.
Women, Resistance and the Divided Nation: The Romantic Rhetoric of Korean Reunification
Authors: Jager Sheila Miyoshi 
Published: April 2006

On june 30, 1989, at around one-thirty in the afternoon, a young woman made an emotional descent from the uneven steps of a Soviet passenger airliner towards a crowd of well-wishers who had gathered together to welcome her to Pyŏngyang, North Korea. Rising just above them, in bold neon letters, an anachronistic sign, which served as a reception banner of sorts, read:Let the world's youth and students unite firmly under the banner of anti-imperialist solidarity, peace and friendship.
The Dead Hand of the Future: the Predicament of Vladimir Mayakovsky
Authors: Erlich Victor 
Published: April 2006

In a recent memoir Iurii Olesha, one of the most sophisticated Soviet prose writers, recalls a conversation he once had with V. E. Meyerhold regarding a film version of Turgenev's Fathers and Sons which the famous avant-garde director was then contemplating. “I asked him whom he had in mind for the part of Bazarov. He answered, ‘Mayakovsky'.“The resemblance between one of modern Russia's foremost poets and Turgenev's harshly antipoetic hero may not be immediately obvious. Yet a close look at Mayakovsky's poetry, especially at his earlier, Futurist lyrics, reveals the presence of what might be called the Bazarov syndrome. The tenor of these Surrealist urban still-lives (“Night,“ “Morning,” “The Street,” etc.), these impassioned lyrical manifestoes (“I,” “Man,” “A Cloud in Trousers“), is total negation of the status quo.