bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lubrication of animal joints. iii. the effect of certain chemical alterations of the cartilage and lubricant
Authors: Linn Frank C. , Radin Eric L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe coefficient of friction of dog ankle joints measured in vitro was found to be greatly affected by certain enzymatic treatments of bovine synovial mucin. Testicular hyaluronidase had no effect on its lubricating action even though it abolished the viscosity. By contrast, tryptic digestion destroyed the ability of the mucin to lubricate without reducing the viscosity. These observations indicate that a protein moiety is an intrinsic component of the mucin molecule; and that, together with an only partly polymerized hyaluronate, it is responsible for the mucin's function as a lubricant. The protein may serve as a prosthetic group for adsorption of the mucin onto the surface of the cartilage. Sodium heparin inhibited lubrication by the mucin. In mucin‐free buffers, the pH and molarity of the lubricant bath altered both the friction and deformability of the cartilage. The change in friction was not consistently related to the change in deformability. The amphoteric effect of pH on the friction raises the possibility that electrostatic surface effects contribute to adhesive friction. Formalin made the cartilage rigid and increased the coefficient of friction. It did not, however, have much effect on the lubricating action of the mucin. A small number of pathological human synovial fluids were studied and found to lubricate as well or better than healthy bovine material.
Renal Tubular Acidosis, Glomerulonephritis and Immunologic Factors in Sjogren's Syndrome
Authors: Talal Norman , Zisman Elias , Schur Peter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrinary acidification was impaired in 6 of 12 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) studied before and during the administration of ammonium chloride. Renal tubular acidosis was overt in 3 patients and subclinical in 2. The sixth patient had glomerulonephritis. Precipitating antibodies to tissue antigens were studied in 70 patients with SS. The group with renal disease had the greatest reactivity, and the only reactivity to heat denatured DNA. None of the 70 patients reacted with native DNA, and only one with nucleoprotein.
Family studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Prenatal factors
Authors: Oleinick Arthur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFamily histories of 191 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were obtained to test the hypothesis that the female preponderance among clinical cases of this disease may reflect excessive male fetal wastage among potentially susceptible siblings. Among 581 siblings there was a significant decrease in the sex ratio, the ratio of liveborn male siblings to total liveborn siblings, of those siblings born immediately preceding and subsequent to the index case, a finding which supports the hypothesis. Index cases did not demonstrate a significant birth month or birth order effect.
Collagen of human articular and costal cartilage
Authors: Miller Edward J. , Van Der Korst Jan K. , Sokoloff Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCollagen comprises approximately 90 per cent of the protein of human articular cartilage. Only about 1 per cent of the total collagen could be extracted by solutions of 5 M guanidine‐HCl from normal cartilage, and the extractability of collagen from fibrillated specimens was not elevated. In costal cartilage, the proportion of noncollagenous protein increases almost threefold during skeletal growth. Moreover, the extractability of costal cartilage collagen decreases as a function of age.
Cold‐reactive rheumatoid factors in infectious mononucleosis and other diseases
Authors: Capra J. Donald , Winchester Robert J. , Kunkel Henry G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA high percentage of patients with infectious mononucleosis showed in their sera a special type of rheumatoid factor that reacts at 4°C but not at 22°C with cells or other particles coated with γ globulin. This differed from the usual types of rheumatoid factor found in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, where no such temperature dependence was evident. The potentiation of the Rh agglutination test at 4°C provided a sensitive method for the detection of this unusual rheumatoid factor. Similar cold‐reactive rheumatoid factors were also found in the sera of patients with reticulum cell sarcoma and certain other disorders. They precipitated with γ globulin in the cold and resembled the well‐known γM‐γG mixed cryoglobulins. Whether routine screening tests for rheumatoid factor will or will not detect these cold‐reactive rheumatoid factors depends upon the temperature at which the tests are performed.
A four year follow‐up of suspected rheumatoid arthritis: The Tecumseh, Michigan, community health study
Authors: Mikkelsen William M. , Dodge Horace 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOf 563 individuals suspected of having rheumatoid arthritis when examined in 1959‐1960, only 402, or 71.4 per cent, participated in the Tecumseh, Michigan, Community Health Study of 1962‐1965. Of the 402, when classified by similar criteria, only 107, or 26.6 per cent, maintained their former classification as to degree of certainty of presence of rheumatoid arthritis, while 200, or 49.8 per cent, showed no evidence of the disease. The results illustrate some of the difficulties and uncertainties of prospective studies.
Survivorship in systemic lupus erythematosus: Relationship to race and pregnancy
Authors: Siegel Morris , Gwon Nancy , Lee Stanley L. , Rivero Isaac , Wong William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSurvival time following diagnosis of SLE was studied in 158 white, 41 Puerto Rican, and 93 Negro females, 15 to 44 years old. Survivorship was independent of ethnic group and marital status. Following pregnancy, survival time depended on renal and neurological complications, and interval between diagnosis and pregnancy. Differences in survival between pregnant and nonpregnant married patients reflected less severe disease in those able to conceive, and possibly beneficial effects of hormonal change during gestation.
Aortic insufficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Shulman Herbert J. , Christian Charles L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with aortic insufficiency are presented. One patient had Libman‐Sacks endocarditis at necropsy. Another had aortitis and pancarditis. The third had a fenestrated aortic valve showing mucoid degeneration, similar to the lesions described in Marfan's syndrome and the “floppy valve” syndrome, and had a successful insertion of a prosthetic valve. Two patients with subcutaneous “rheumatoid nodules” had persistently negative latex fixation tests.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility in vitro. I. Effect of pH, temperature, ethyl alcohol, and caffeine, using a modified boyden chamber technic
Authors: Phelps Paulding , Stanislaw Diana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA modification of the Boyden chamber technic for studying the motility of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) is presented, and various technical factors which might influence the results are discussed. FMN motility was found to vary considerably over the pH spectrum encountered in healthy and diseased tissue. It is possible that tissue variations in pH, through an effect on FMN motility, may play a regulatory role in the development and resolution of certain types of inflammation. Changes in temperature over a fairly wide range had relatively little effect on PMN motility. Ethyl alcohol and caffeine were found to suppress motility at clinically obtainable concentrations.
The coincidence of Klinefelter's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ortiz‐Neu Carmen , LeRoy E. Carwile 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical features of 3 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome who had manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus are reported. Two of them, young men with XXY karyotype, developed fever, arthritis, proteinuria, and positive LE cell tests; one of the two also had pleurisy with effusion, and the other, treated intermittently with diphenylhydantoin, developed a hemolytic anemia. The third patient, also with XXY karyotype, developed the nephrotic syndrome and was found to have a proliferative glomerulonephritis and a positive antinuclear factor test. The possible relationship of these patients to the “autoimmune” phenomena observed in chromosomal aberrations is discussed.
Relationship of lethal midline granuloma to Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Byrd Leroy J. , Shearn Martin A. , Tu W. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLethal midline granuloma (LMC) may remain localized or eventuate in systemic granulomatosis. In a search for predictive features, 10 patients with localized LMC were observed up to 9 years. Granuloma remained local in 5 and became systemic in 5. Friedmann's histologic criteria for distinction were not predictive. Polyarthralgia, cutaneous vasculitis, proteinuria, azotemia, leukocytosis, and rheumatoid factor developed in the patients in whom systemic granulomatosis ensued. Such findings in localized LMC suggest possible future Wegener's granulomatosis.
Autoantibodies and nephritis in the white strain (NZW) of New Zealand mice
Authors: Hahn Bevra H. , Shulman Lawrence E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSignificant proportions of a presumably “healthy” strain (NZW) of New Zealand mice had erythrocyte autoantibodies, antinuclear factor, and glomerulonephritis. Clinical expression of these abnormalities, however, was rare: Coombs' antibody was transient; hemolytic anemia was absent; clinical nephritis was uncommon. It is suggested that this NZW strain of mice may provide a particularly useful model for studies of the ability of drugs, antigens, or microorganisms to promote clinical disease in an animal with an autoimmune diathesis.
Experimental Corticosteroid Myopathy
Authors: Sheahan Michael G. , Vignos Paul J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTriamcinolone treatment in rabbits using 1 mg./Kg. doses produces a differential metabolic effect, with predominant involvement of glycolytic‐type fibers of muscle manifested by a significant atrophy of type II fibers. A consequent atrophy of muscle containing a large proportion of type II fibers also occurs. These changes take place before there is any significant alteration in size of type I fibers, and before there is any apparent loss of either glycolytic or oxidative enzyme activity.
Altered reactivity in mixed lymphocyte culture of lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Astorga Gonzalo P. , Williams Ralph C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied in one‐way stimulation mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and results compared with cultured pairs of rheumatoid and normal lymphocytes. In 14 of 22 experiments, no lymphocyte stimulation was noted when rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes obtained from unrelated patients were studied in MLC. Normal lymphocytes produced stimulation of rheumatoid cells in 16 of 22 instances, and rheumatoid lymphocytes induced transformation of normal subjects' lymphocytes in 19 of 22 experiments. Marked alteration in mutual lymphocyte stimulation was thus recorded when cells from some patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied together.
The association of rheumatoid arthritis with plasma cell and lymphocytic neoplasms
Authors: Goldenberg Gerald J. , Paraskevas Frixos , Israels Lyonel G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious reports have stressed the association of autoimmune disturbances and lymphoproliferative neoplasms. Here the coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and plasma cell or lymphocytic neoplasms was investigated. An increased incidence is suggested, as 4 cases of rheumatoid arthritis were found among 112 cases of plasma cell and lymphocytic neoplasms.
Experimental murine amyloid. III. Amyloidosis induced with endotoxins
Authors: Barth Werner F. , Willerson James T. , Asofsky Richard , Sheagren John N. , Wolff Sheldon M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new model for the study of experimental amyloid is described using parenteral administration of endotoxin. The differential responses in the various strains of mice examined suggested that genetic factors may be involved in murine amyloid formation. Many similarities were noted between casein‐ and endotoxin‐induced amyloidosis. It is suggested that endotoxin may be involved in the pathogenesis of several forms of experimental amyloidosis.
Joint infection by anaerobic bacteria: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ziment Irwin , Davis Alvin , Finegold Sydney M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of Bacteroides fragilis arthritis of the knee following intraarticular steroid therapy is described. Details of a literature review revealing 47 cases of arthritis due to nonsporeforming anaerobic bacteria are presented also. Features which, when present, suggest the possibility of anaerobic joint infection include foul‐smelling pus, gas in a joint, and the unique morphology of many anaerobes on gram stain of pus. The sternoclavicular and sacroiliac joints are peculiarly susceptible to Bacteroides infections.
99mTechnetium scintiphotography in arthritis I. technic and interpretation
Authors: Mccarty Daniel J. , Polcyn Robert E. , Collins Phillip A. , Gottschalk Alexander 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA technic for visualization of inflamed joints using intravenously injected technetium‐99m as pertechnetate and an Anger (scintillation) camera for detection will be described. Contrast between inflamed and normal tissue was usually greatest in the first few minutes after isotope injection, presumably, at the time of maximal difference in concentration of 99mTc between blood and extravascular tissue. Inflamed joints with moderate to large effusions were often visualized best 1–2 hr after injection. The extensive binding of pertechnetate by plasma and joint fluid proteins found in equilibrium dialysis experiments was evoked as an explanation of this phenomenon.
Periarticular inflammation, bilateral hilar adenopathy and a sarcoid reaction
Authors: Caplan Hubert I. , Katz Warren A. , Rubenstein Mayer 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA total of 19 cases of bilateral hilar adenopathy in association with polyarthritis are presented. Erythema nodosum, usually occurring in this syndrome, was not present; however, marked periarticular inflammation of the ankles with little pain on motion was noted and served as the initial clue to the diagnosis. All patients had elevated sedimentation rates; hyperglobulinemia and positive tests for rheumatoid factor were frequently found. A sarcoid reaction was seen in 73% of the patients whose tissue was examined histologically. Diagnosis was established by the radiologic demonstration of bilateral hilar adenopathy. Prognosis was favorable. The etiology of the disorder is unknown, and its relationship to Boeck's sarcoidosis Is uncertaian.
Sulfate incorporation by articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture
Authors: Sokoloff Leon , Malemud Charles J. , Green William T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArticular chondrocytes in primary monolayers or subcultures synthesize sulfated macromolecules, presumably mucopolysaccharides. Intracellular 35SO4 incorporation by postnatal rabbit chondrocytes reached a steady level by 24 hr of incubation; the nondialyzable extracellular (centrifuged medium + trypsin digest) counts increased over 72 hr, when they were up to 100 times the intracellular value. Cell for cell, radiosulfate counts in each fraction were higher in chondrocytes than fibroblasts. Data from a 3‐year‐old rabbit were comparable to those from recently weaned animals. Secretion of sulfated mucopolysaccharide was also found in cultures of adult human and bovine articular chondrocytes. Although Ham's F12 medium is advantageous in establishing a primary culture of chondrocytes, sulfate incorporation was greater when Dulbecco‐Eagle medium, with or without supplemental L‐proline, was used for subcultures. Ascorbic acid (5 mg/100 ml) added to an already confluent monolayer had no consistent effect.
Polyarticular and familial chondrocalcinosis
Authors: Reginato Antonio , Valenzuela Fernando , Martinéz Virginia , Passano Gian , Daza Sergio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom our series of 72 patients with articular chondrocalcinosis, 37 who presented polyarticular involvement are described. Twenty‐eight patients, including 19 aggregated within different family groups, are natives of the Chiloé island group. Members of 1 of the 6 families had unusually severe disease with deformities, and 1 had bony ankylosis of multiple joints. Pathologic findings in both the acute and the chronic stages of the joint disease are presented, particularly, some severe changes that have not been described previously.
Immunoglobulin m deficiency in the immune response of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bandilla Klaus K. , Pitts Neal C. , Mcduffie Frederic C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe specific antibody production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in response to three antigens—sheep cell stroma, Brucellin and Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin—was examined. Several antigens were used in expectation that an abnormality in antibody production might be selective and not uniform for all antigens. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were deficient in their IgM response to sheep cell stroma and Brucellin, especially the latter. This deficiency was limited to the primary response and to secondary responses characterized by only slight increases in antibody levels. More intensive stimulation resulted in equal production of IgM antibody in both groups. Antigenic competition may explain the deficiency in IgM antibody production. Levels of rheumatoid factor increased after repeated stimulation paralleling, in general, the specific antibody responses.
Scale effects in animal joints. I. articular cartilage thickness and compressive stress
Authors: Simon William H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between the thickness of articular cartilage and static compressive stress was studied in 6 joints of 5 species of quadruped (mouse, rat, dog, sheep, cow) ranging in weight from 0.05 to 600 Ib. Using free body diagrams and vector analysis, the loads on these joints were determined in a relaxed standing position. Each joint was then loaded to the calculated level by a compression device. A plastic mold of the loaded joint revealed the area of cartilage under compression. For the entire series of animals, maximum cartilage thickness for each joint bore a simple allometric relationship, y = b xk, to body weight, hip‐to‐shoulder length, and area of the tibial plateau. By contrast, the stresses on the joint cartilages among the various species were generally within one order of magnitude and unrelated to the thickness of the cartilage. Among the species, the low ratio of highest/lowest stress on the femoro‐tibial joint suggests that limb structures are optimally designed to maintain low static pressures on the joint surface. These findings do not exclude the possibility that other stresses, noncompressive or dynamic, may be related to cartilage thickness.
Hypophosphatasia associated with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposits in cartilage
Authors: O'Duffy John D 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 51‐year‐old woman with hypophosphatasia had diffuse bone pain and widespread calcification in articular cartilage. Attacks of monarthritis had occurred for 27 years. Analysis of cartilage from the pubic symphysis revealed calcium pyrophosphate crystals.
Diplopia as early sign of temporal arteritis. report of two cases
Authors: Lockshin Michael D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe case histories of 2 elderly men who developed diplopia as a predominant symptom of temporal arteritis are presented. In 1, the significance of diplopia was not appreciated and blindness ensued. In the second prompt therapy resulted in remission of symptoms with preservation of vision. Diplopia occurs in 10–15% of patients with temporal arteritis; when seen in elderly persons it should lead to a search for other manifestations of this disease.
The complement system in rheumatoid synovitis i. an analysis of complement component activities in rheumatoid synovial fluids
Authors: Ruddy Shaun , Frank Austen K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStoichiometric hemolytic assays were used to measure the activities of the first four reacting components of the complement sequence in synovial fluids from patients with seropositive or seronegative rheumatoid arthritis or degenerative joint disease. The pattern of component reductions in the seropositive rheumatoid arthritis fluids was consistent with activation of the complement system by an intra‐articular immunologic process.
Oxygen tension in synovial fluids
Authors: Lund‐Olesen Knud 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of a study on the oxygen tension in 103 synovial fluids from knee joints are presented. The lowest tensions were found in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In some cases it was found to be as low as O mmHg. The oxygen tension in synovial fluids from patients with osteoarthrosis and from those with traumatic joint exudates was considerably higher. The pH and pCO2 were measured in all the cases. Significant correlation was found between pO2 and pH, and between pO2 and pCO2.
The nephrotic syndrome as a complication of gold therapy
Authors: Vaamonde Carlos A. , Hunt Frederick R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed a reversible nephrotic syndrome secondary to gold therapy. A review of the world literature revealed 18 other case reports of the nephrotic syndrome apparently associated with the administration of gold salts. Renal tissue was available for study in only 8 of these; membranous glomeruionephritis was the predominant lesion. This rare complication of gold therapy appears to have a good prognosis. Two thirds of the patients have recovered from the nephrotic syndrome.
Hereditary amyloidosis
Authors: Andrade Corino , Araki Shukuro , Block Walter D. , Cohen Alan S. , Jackson Charles E. , Kuroiwa Yoshigoro , Mckusick Victor A. , Nissim Jack , Sohar Ezra , Van Allen Maurice W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA review of hereditary amyloidoses is provided by papers from a 1969 international symposium on primary amyloidosis. These discussions allow comparison of the amyloid neuropathy with onset in the lower extremities (Portuguese‐Japanese families), the neuropathy with onset in the upper extremities (Indiana‐Maryland families), the neuropathy and nephropathy of the Iowa family, and the amyloidosis of familial Mediterranean fever. The importance of studies of genetic entities in understanding the pathogenesis of amyloidosis is emphasized.
The Rarity of Ankylosing Spondylitis in the Black Race
Authors: Baum John , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnkylosing spondylitis is apparently rare in the black race. Data collected from Veterans Administration hospitals in different geographic areas of the United States indicates an overall frequency of the disease in black Afro‐Americans to be about 25% of that seen in whites. A review of the literature from the Americas and Africa confirms its uncommon occurrence. A postulated inheritance pattern may depend on multigenic factors.
Acute Arthritis Complicating Rubella Vaccination
Authors: Thompson George R. , Ferreyra Alfredo , Brackett Robert G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter a field trial of rubella virus vaccine (HPV‐77 DK 12 strain), 329 children (2.8%) developed joint symptoms. Forty had complete rheumatologic evaluation and constitute the basis of this report. Twenty children (50%) had predominantly knee complaints; 13 (33%) had symptoms suggesting the carpal tunnel syndrome; and 7 (17%) had polyarthritis. The mean duration of arthritis was 18.4 days, and the mean interval between vaccination and onset of arthritis was 30.6 days.