bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Structural Flexure on Precision Tracking
Authors: Day D. L. , Arruda J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Ship flexure is currently an uncompensated phenomenon that is accounted for in system error budgets without apparent compromise of system performance. However, upcoming system performance requirements may not be able to absorb ship flexure errors. Analyses have been performed throughout the AEGIS development program to determine the magnitude of ship flexure which predicted several milliradians of flexure between arrays under temperature loading, but analysis should be validated by test and measurement. Flexure has been measured in other ship classes; however, none of these results can be directly applied to AEGIS.We have identified ways of conducting a test to effectively measure the magnitude of ship flexure using current technology. A secondary goal of measurements would be to allow us to evaluate these new technology systems for possible use in measuring static and dynamic flexure for compensation during tactical combat system operation.
Uniform National Discharge Standards—Overview and Implications for Future Naval Engineering
Authors: Kopack D. , Smith G. , Kim D. , Erne D. L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  In the Fiscal Year 1996 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress amended the Clean Water Act to provide the Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency authority to jointly establish standards for incidental discharges from Armed Forces' vessels. The uniform national standards would apply to discharges from vessels of the Navy, Military Sealift Command, Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard to the navigable waters and contiguous zone of the U.S. and its territories.Uniform National Discharge Standards (UNDS) will require control of discharges, by either a technology or management practice. UNDS will facilitate the Armed Forces' ability to better design and build future vessels to be environmentally sound and to maintain the operational flexibility of Armed Forces' vessels both domestically and internationally. The development of standards for Armed Forces' vessel discharges may have greater impact on naval engineering requirements for future vessels than any other single environmental issue. These standards are expected to stimulate the development of innovative vessel pollution control technologies, which can be used for both Armed Forces' vessels and commercial shipping vessels. This paper provides an overview of UNDS development, summarizes the results of UNDS Phase I, provides a summary overview of the preliminary approach for accomplishing UNDS Phase II, and discusses implications for future naval engineering efforts.
The Road to Impeccable
Authors: Shen T. W. T. , Proctor B. L. , Saha D. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The road to the acquisition of the USNS Impeccable (T‐AGOS 23) has seen a few uncommon and challenging twists and turns, resulting in delays and disruption to the program. The saga began in 1993, when the original shipbuilder, facing financial difficulties, filed for Chapter XI bankruptcy protection. For two more years the program was stalled before the Navy was able to warrant the work that had been done up to that point. In 1995 the contract was reassigned to another shipbuilder to complete the vessel and obtain the necessary certificates to comply with all the applicable requirements of the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS). This unprecedented approach put the Navy in the unique situation of being responsible for two of the most controversial issues in a ship construction process, i.e., detail design and equipment warranties.This paper gives the status of the program, discusses how various technical issues and production demands are being addressed, and describes the future hurdles that need to be overcome before delivery of the vessel.
Integrated Liquid Discharge System for Waste Disposal on Future Surface Combatants
Authors: Brown S.H. , White E. B. , Pechulis M. , Carman R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  National and international regulations restrict the overboard discharge of ship‐generated liquid waste. During the twenty‐first century, discharges of untreated sewage, gray‐water, and oily wastes will be further restricted in many littoral areas throughout the world. Future surface combatants will operate primarily in these littoral areas. Consequently, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) SEA 03R24 initiated a research and development (RDT&E) program to provide future United States (U.S.) Navy surface combatants with the capability to destroy liquid wastes aboard ship, maximizing shore independence, and minimizing waste off‐load costs in foreign and domestic ports. Under this R&D program, the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWCCD) developed a liquid waste abatement strategy called the integrated liquid discharge system (ILDS).The ILDS contains three distinct elements; non‐oily liquid waste treatment, oily waste treatment, and thermal destruction. The basis of the ILDS is to minimize each of the waste streams so that a shipboard thermal destruction system can be used to process the remaining volume of waste.
Marine Engineering
Authors: Gilbert Richard , Kessinger Roy L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new high‐power‐density motor/alternator/controller technology, now being developed for a wide range of commercial and aerospace applications, will be able to provide the power and control needed by future naval systems more efficiently, affordably, and with less weight than other electric alternatives. The central product of this technology development is the Integrated Motion Module (IMM). IMMs are essentially mechatronic systems than combine the motor, sensing, power electronics, and control functions for a single axis of motion into a lightweight modular unit. The functional integration of these components will make possible significant reductions in motor/alternator size and weight, while increasing power density and electromechanical conversion efficiency. Using a small set of IMM designs, motion control systems of arbitrary complexity may be easily assembled.The IMM development effort is integrating several advanced technologies to achieve its aggressive performance and cost goals. IMMs are based on a revolutionary motor/alternator technology with unprecedented torque characteristics. Known as the Segmented Electro‐Magnetic Array (SEMA), this motor, combined with state of the art power electronics and active cooling techniques, provides very high power output from a small, lightweight module.
Future Coast Guard Cutter (FCGC): An Engineering and Feasibility Conversion Study for an Oliver Hazard Perry Class Frigate
Authors: Brougham William J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Coast Guard wants to replace their aging cutter fleet. The new construction Deepwater Project would like to integrate their efforts with the DD 21 family of ships, but the Coast Guard does not want to wait for the Navy program to mature. This study investigates the engineering feasibility of an alternate near term solution—conversion of the decommissioning Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates into Future Coast Guard Cutters (FCGC). Detailed analyses for combat system selection, propulsion plant and endurance range limitations, and manning and automation issues form the foundation for new ship arrangements capable of supporting a mixed gender crew. Additional analysis reviews small boat operations, habitability requirements, ship stability, structural loading, and a cost estimation technique. The converted Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates were shown to provide a technically feasible interim solution to replace decommissioning Coast Guard cutters while meeting or exceeding the Coast Guard requirements for a conservatively estimated cost of $141M (FY98).
The Deepwater Project‐A Sea of Change for the U.S. Coast Guard
Authors: Anderson Michael , Burton Diane , Palmquist Steven , Watson Jon M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe United States Coast Guard has embarked on the most ambitious modernization and recapitalization project in the service's history. The Deepwater Capabilities Replacement Project, which is simply referred to as Deepwater, is unique in that it comprises the acquisition of an entire integrated “System‐of‐Systems”—surface, air, C4ISR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance & reconnaissance), and logistics facilities. This “System of Systems” approach will enable the Coast Guard to acquire the optimal mix of fully supported assets, to effectively and efficiently perform all of its Deepwater missions well into the next century.
Modelling Combat System Manning & Manpower Reduction
Authors: Roos Carl H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNAVSEA 03K41 is responsible for generating Combat System Battle Management Organizations (BMO) and Functional Flow Diagrams (FFD). Several years ago, NAVSEA provided the resources to conduct a functional analysis that would support the development and validation of the BMOs and FFDs. The major obstacle in performing the analysis was obtaining a consensus on how the functional hierarchy was to be structured. The non‐optimum organization of the hierarchy was selected; as a result, the functions were difficult to define, find, use, and validate. Recognizing the shortcomings of this effort, research was conducted to evaluate state‐of‐the‐art structured modelling techniques, concepts, and methodologies. Two modelling concepts by James Martin were found to be applicable for the combat system functional analysis: Enterprise Modelling Concept and Functional Decomposition Modelling Concept. The Structure Modelling definitions of Whitten, Bently, and Barlow provided the guidelines for using the Martin concepts. During the ensuing BMO and FFD development efforts, a Ship's Combat System (SCS) Modelling concept evolved and a SCS Model was developed. This paper addresses how the modelling concepts and tools are used in the BMO and FFD development and validation process. Data from the SCS Model provides the basis for defining combat system requirements (e.g., software, data display, database, networking, etc.).
Engineering the Environmentally Sound Warship for the Twenty‐first Century
Authors: Markle Stephen P. , Gill Sean E. , McGraw Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe past twenty‐five years have been marked by the introduction of marine environmental regulations that have had a profound effect on how ships are designed, built, and operated. Ships being designed and built today must accommodate not only current regulations but anticipate those to be enacted over their thirty to fifty year life cycles. U.S. Chief of Naval Operations, Office of Environmental, Safety and, Health (CNO N45) has articulated a vision for the Environmentally Sound Warship of the Twenty‐first Century. This vision incorporates the “Sense of Congress” for a naval ship designed to operate in full compliance with environmental regulations world‐wide. The task of the Navy engineering team is to translate this vision into reality; a ship capable of prevailing in time of war and able to conduct operations in all areas of the globe, unencumbered by special procedures for environmental compliance. The key to this warship design is the early integration of environmentally sound principles, materials, and processes into the ship acquisition process. This includes: “cradle to grave” strategies to influence the design and construction process: minimization of both hazardous materials and generation of post‐shipboard consumer waste during operation, adaptation of integrated systems to reduce the volume of wastes, enhancement of processing efficiency, reduction of manpower requirements, and crew indoctrination in environmental protection.
Uniform National Discharge Standards—Overview and Implications for Future Naval Engineering
Authors: Kopack David , Smith Gordon , Kim Don , Erne David L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the Fiscal Year 1996 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress amended the Clean Water Act to provide the Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency authority to jointly establish standards for incidental discharges from Armed Forces' vessels. The uniform national standards would apply to discharges from vessels of the Navy, Military Sealift Command, Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard to the navigable waters and contiguous zone of the U.S. and its territories.Uniform National Discharge Standards (UNDS) will require control of discharges, by either a technology or management practice. UNDS will facilitate the Armed Forces' ability to better design and build future vessels to be environmentally sound and to maintain the operational flexibility of Armed Forces' vessels both domestically and internationally. The development of standards for Armed Forces' vessel discharges may have greater impact on naval engineering requirements for future vessels than any other single environmental issue. These standards are expected to stimulate the development of innovative vessel pollution control technologies, which can be used for both Armed Forces' vessels and commercial shipping vessels. This paper provides an overview of UNDS development, summarizes the results of UNDS Phase I, provides a summary overview of the preliminary approach for accomplishing UNDS Phase II, and discusses implications for future naval engineering efforts.
An ISO 9000 Pilot Project in Navy Ship Repair
Authors: Todd James M. , Gideon Alan K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA major goal of the U.S. Navy's Fleet maintenance and modernization strategy is to reduce the cost and time of ship availabilities, while improving the quality of the work performed. A pilot project was commissioned by the Commander Naval Surface Force Atlantic Fleet (COMSUR‐FLANT) to explore the benefits of performing ship maintenance using the quality processes of an ISO 9000 registered private shipyard. This pilot project included a reduced presence, in the area of QA Inspection and Verification (I&V) points, on the part of the local U.S. Navy Supervisor of Shipbuilding, Conversion and Repair (SUP‐SHIP). The benefits and risks of this pilot project were measured against past practices of accomplishing ship maintenance using SUPSHIP on‐site inspection oversight and government quality assurance procedures. The shipyard workload of formal inspections was reduced by 28 percent. The Navy inspection workload was reduced by 59 percent. Quantitative comparisons are made to previous similar maintenance periods. No reduction in work quality was observed. The changed roles of the ship's Port Engineer and the SUPSHIP Project Manager are described. Conclusions and recommendations regarding this project and future ones are made.
Integrated Liquid Discharge System for Waste Disposal on Future Surface Combatants
Authors: Brown Stuart H. , White Earl B. , Pechulis Mark , Garman Richard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNational and international regulations restrict the overboard discharge of ship‐generated liquid waste. During the twenty‐first century, discharges of untreated sewage, graywater, and oily wastes will be further restricted in many littoral areas throughout the world. Future surface combatants will operate primarily in these littoral areas. Consequently, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAV‐SEA) SEA 03R24 initiated a research and development (RDT&E) program to provide future United States (U.S.) Navy surface combatants with the capability to destroy liquid wastes aboard ship, maximizing shore independence and minimizing waste off‐load costs in foreign and domestic ports. Under this R&D program, the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWCCD) developed a liquid waste abatement strategy called the integrated liquid discharge system (ILDS).The ILDS contains three distinct elements; non‐oily liquid waste treatment, oily waste treatment, and thermal destruction. The basis of the ILDS is to minimize each of the waste streams so that a shipboard thermal destruction system can be used to process the remaining volume of waste.
Reducing CV Lifecycle Costs Through Process Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Stanco Joseph , Malesich Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn innovative methodology has been developed to achieve the objectives of carrier operation optimization programs using Integrated Definition (IDEF) modeling and associated Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) tools. The primary objectives of the programs include manpower reduction, integrated automation, and support for new operational concepts. The methodology incorporates the use of process Modeling and Simulation (M&S) to establish the requirements for developing optimized carrier operations. This approach uses new techniques in performing analyses required, and replaces costly stovepipe approaches. Process M&S illustrates the impacts on operations if manpower is reduced, the impact to manpower if processes are modified, the areas where automation is most beneficial, and the capacity of existing and proposed processes in terms of meeting operational requirements.Process M&S is also used to assist in the evaluation of carrier re‐design proposals, the analysis of potential modifications to existing doctrine, and the analysis of human factors issues. The IDEF process modeling methodology, coupled with the interfacing requirements of the process, information, and product models identify opportunities for improvement. The methodology provides a basis upon which changes and specifications to the current system acquisition process as well as carrier operations can be made in a “total ship” evaluation framework.
Analysis of Lateral Maneuver‐Induced Lift Loss of Navy Fighter/Attack Aircraft During Approach to Carrier
Authors: Jenkins Aric A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this analysis was to provide guidance to designers of future tactical Navy aircraft on one aspect of carrier suitability that has contributed to the operational success of the F‐14 and F/A‐18 in carrier operations. Specifically, the ability of both of these aircraft to perform aggressive lateral maneuvers to capture desired glide path, without excessive altitude loss, has contributed to the favorable carrier suitability characteristics of each aircraft. The intent of this analysis was to quantify lift and altitude loss for the F‐14 and F/A‐18 due to lateral maneuvers in the lineup correction task, and determined the causes and components of the lift loss. A secondary intent was to determine whether the amount of lift loss due to lateral maneuvers was a good indicator of an aircraft's ability to execute precise flight path control with minimum pilot workload. Twenty‐six offline simulations of F‐14B and F/A‐18C aircraft, conducted at Manned Flight Simulator at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division in Patuxent River, MD, provided the raw data for the analysis. Results and conclusions on the causes and components of lift loss and subsequent altitude loss associated with the 26 simulations were drawn, and where applicable, comparisons between F‐14 and F/A‐18 were made.
Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) 2010 Ship Systems for Seabasing Missions
Authors: Gupta Manish , Wilkins Daniel L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Present day maritime prepositioning combines the advantages of sealift capacity and endurance with airlift speed to deploy a Marine Corps Air and Ground Task Force (MAGTF) with 30‐days supply to an objective area. However, the ships of the current Maritime Prepositioned Force are basically floating warehouses with the ability to conduct only administrative offloads in port or in‐stream. In addition, the current squadrons of MPF ships are scheduled for lease renewal or replacement beginning in 2009. Their replacements should take advantage of design innovation to provide more robust and versatile capabilities. These significantly enhanced capabilities and the concepts of operation they support must be well‐suited to meet the demands of the national military strategy in the 21st century.In order to achieve these capabilities, numerous specific innovations in ships, equipment and operations are needed. A concept design of the MPF 2010 ship was developed under the auspices of a project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and directed by the Center of Naval Analysis (CNA). The innovative design aspects proposed for the design are discussed in this paper.This paper characterizes the various ship configurations, cargo handling systems, and ship‐interface integration techniques incorporated in the MPF 2010 concept design, using the ship as a defined platform to demonstrate the feasibility and operability of the various innovative cargo handling and load‐out interface systems proposed. Each of these systems has been studied and evaluated from a concept design perspective and no advanced or complex technologies have been found to be necessary or advantageous.It is concluded that the MPF 2010 concept design proves the feasibility and viability of achieving the seabase mission requirements of the Marine Corps for the military strategy of twenty‐first century. However, it is recognized that further design analyses, including analyses of the economics of the total ship systems, need to be conducted within the context of an evolving mission requirement
A Multi‐Mission Launcher System for Next Generation Surface Combatants
Authors: Rodrigues M. A. , Poff R. E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  A multi‐mission launcher system called the Modular Horizontal Launcher System (MHLS) is presented. This conceptual design fulfills the requirements of next generation surface combatants and places emphasis on reduced manning, maintenance, and life cycle cost. The cornerstone of MHLS is a common, scaleable, and adaptable modular architecture simplifying the ship integration process and introduction of new munitions. MHLS features commercial off‐the‐shelf/non‐developmental item (COTS/NDI) technologies that reduce development cost and accelerate system introduction.MHLS components include all‐up‐round (AUR) launch canisters that serve as both shipping containers and launch tubes, and a robust distributed electronic architecture that allows simultaneous communication with all applicable weapon control systems. Separate canister configurations for cold launch of munitions, using COTS automotive airbag inflators as impulse mechanisms, and hot launch of munitions are envisioned. MHLS is currently in a proof‐of‐concept phase of system development that brought about a torpedo launch capability demonstration. Concept explorations, airbag inflator launcher models, and successful proof‐of‐concept testing render the MHLS a highly viable and cost effective alternative for next generation surface ship launcher implementation.
Water Barrier Ship Self Defense Lethality
Authors: Higdon Charles E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division has investigated technology for the Office of Naval Research (ONR) that has the potential to be very effective in defending Navy platforms against high‐speed, sea‐skimming anti‐ship cruise missiles (ASCMs). This technology uses a new kill mechanism, a wall of water, to provide a low cost, universal terminal defense system for Navy ships. The Water Barrier or wall of water is generated from the shallow detonation of multiple underwater explosive charges to protect the ship from attacking sea skimmers. This terminal defense concept can be employed to slow or stop debris and warhead fragments from missiles killed at short range to preclude significant damage to own ship. Furthermore, the Water Barrier would defeat the fuzing and structure of ASCMs that have penetrated the inner self‐defense layer.This paper describes the Water Barrier Concept that provides terminal defense for Navy ships, the formation of the wall of water that defeats sea skimming ASCMs, and the field tests that demonstrate the viability of the concept. Finally, this paper documents the 1997 field test results that demonstrate the lethality of the Water Barrier against tactical battlefield missile warheads and structures.