bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A comparison with mechanisms in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Harper Catriona , Hayward Don , Wiid Ian , van Helden Paul 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe mechanisms governing the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Streptomyces coelicolor have been extensively studied. These Actinomycetales are closely related to the Mycobacterium genus and may therefore serve as a models to elucidate the cascade of nitrogen signalling in other mycobacteria. Some factors involved in nitrogen metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been described, including glutamine synthetase and its adenylyltransferase, but not much data concerning the other components involved in the signalling cascade is available. In this review a comparative study of factors involved in nitrogen metabolism in C. glutamicum and S. coelicolor is made to identify similarities with M. tuberculosis on both a genomic and proteomic level. This may provide insight into a potential global mechanism of nitrogen control in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(10): 643–650, 2008
Experimentally induced citrinin and endosulfan toxicity in pregnant Wistar rats: histopathological alterations in liver and kidneys of fetuses
Authors: Singh Nittin D. , Sharma Anil K. , Dwivedi Prabhaker , Patil Rajendra D. , Kumar Manoj 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the present investigation, citrinin (CIT) (10 mg kg−1 feed) and endosulfan (1 mg kg−1 body weight) were administered orally alone and in combination to pregnant Wistar rats from gestational day 6 to 20 and their fetuses were collected to evaluate the histopathological alterations in hepatic and renal tissues. In CIT‐fed group fetal liver, the changes were less marked, showing only sinusoidal dilation and mild vacuolar degeneration, whereas the consistent changes in the fetal kidney included tubular degeneration, medullary tubular necrosis, cystic dilatation of tubules, distortion of glomerulur capillary tuft and interstitial fibroblastic proliferation which separated clusters of tubules. In the endosulfan group, the liver was predominantly affected, showing vacuolar degeneration, karyomegaly and severe sinusoidal dilation, whereas the renal changes were mainly confined to tubular degeneration and varying degree of interstitial fibrosis. In the combination group, the hepatic and renal histopathological alterations in the fetus, though of similar nature to those of the individual groups, were more severe. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teriparatide (1‐34 human PTH) regulation of osterix during fracture repair
Authors: Kaback Lee A. , Soung Do Y. , Naik Amish , Geneau Graziello , Schwarz Edward M. , Rosier Randy N. , O'Keefe Regis J. , Drissi Hicham 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBased on remarkable success of PTH as an anabolic drug for osteoporosis, case reports of off‐label use of teriparatide (1‐34 PTH) in patients with complicated fractures and non‐unions are emerging. We investigated the mechanisms underlying PTH accelerated fracture repair. Bone marrow cells from 7 days 40 µg/kg of teriparatide treated or saline control mice were cultured and Osx and osteoblast phenotypic gene expression assessed by real‐time RT‐PCR in these cells. Fractured animals injected daily with either saline or 40 µg/kg of teriparatide for up to 21 days were X‐rayed and histological assessment performed, as well as immunohistochemical analyses of the Osx expression in the fracture callus. Osx, Runx2 and osteoblast or chondrocyte phenotypic gene expression was also assessed in fracture calluses. Our data shows that Osx and Runx2 are up‐regulated in marrow‐derived MSCs isolated from mice systemically treated with teriparatide. Furthermore, these MSCs undergo accelerated osteoblast maturation compared to saline injected controls. Systemic teriparatide treatments also accelerated fracture healing in these mice concomitantly with increased Osx expression in the PTH treated fracture calluses compared to controls. Collectively, these data suggest a mechanism for teriparatide mediated fracture healing possibly via Osx induction in MSCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 219–226, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl selenite mineral marthozite Cu[(UO2)3(SeO3)2O2]·8H2O
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Čejka Jiří , Keeffe Eloise C. , Dickfos Marilla J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe mineral marthozite, a uranyl selenite, has been characterised by Raman spectroscopy at 298 K. The bands at 812 and 797 cm−1 were assigned to the symmetric stretching modes of the (UO2)2+ and (SeO3)2− units, respectively. These values gave the calculated UO bond lengths in uranyl of 1.799 and/or 1.814 Å. Average UO bond length in uranyl is 1.795 Å, inferred from the X‐ray single crystal structure analysis of marthozite by Cooper and Hawthorne. The broad band at 869 cm−1 was assigned to the ν3 antisymmetric stretching mode of the (UO2)2+ (calculated UO bond length 1.808 Å). The band at 739 cm−1 was attributed to the ν3 antisymmetric stretching vibration of the (SeO3)2− units. The ν4 and the ν2 vibrational modes of the (SeO3)2− units were observed at 424 and 473 cm−1. Bands observed at 257, and 199 and 139 cm−1 were assigned to OUO bending vibrations and lattice vibrations, respectively. OH···O hydrogen bond lengths were inferred using Libowiztky's empirical relation. The infrared spectrum of marthozite was studied for complementation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy of synthetic organic pigments used in 20th century works of art
Authors: Schulte Franziska , Brzezinka Klaus‐Werner , Lutzenberger Karin , Stege Heike , Panne Ulrich 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRaman microscopy allows a non‐destructive characterisation of inorganic and organic painting materials such as pigments and organic dyestuffs. The objectives of this study are the more recent organic pigments typically present in paintings and other art works from the 20th century. More than 20 organic synthetic pigments from different chemical classes could be identified by Raman spectroscopy using different excitation wavelengths (457.9, 476.5, 487.9, 514.5, 632.8, and 1064 nm). To evaluate the performance for real paint samples, varying paint mixtures of the Hansa Yellow pigment PY 3 and the binding medium Mowilith, a polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) compound, were characterised; PY 3 was determined at a 1 wt% level in the binder. In addition, commercial tube paints containing the quinacridone violet PV 19 were studied. The pigment was clearly identified in all of these more complex oil and acrylic paints. Finally, alizarin (PR 83) and a green copper phthalocyanine pigment (PG 7) could unambiguously be identified by Raman microscopy in the painting ‘Woman with mandolin in yellow and red’ of Max Beckmann dating 1950. The discovery of a red naphthol AS pigment by Raman spectroscopy in a sample from the ‘Three field workers’ by Georg Baselitz (1964/1965) demonstrated that in some cases complementary chromatographic methods are needed for a comprehensive identification of the organic pigments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of grape skin hardness by a puncture test
Authors: Letaief Hend , Rolle Luca , Zeppa Giuseppe , Gerbi Vincenzo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The release of grape components during wine making might be related to the mechanical properties of the skin, in particular its hardness. Samples from three varieties collected during the 2005 vintage season in Piedmont, Italy, were tested for their skin hardness using a texture analyser. The goal was to understand the statistical interactions between three factors—variety, cluster position and puncture point—and their influence on the grape skin hardness. A discussion on the relationship between the size of the sample used and the confidence level is also provided.RESULTS: Results of the ANOVA test showed that there is an interaction between the variety and the puncture point when measuring the skin hardness with the break energy. The position of the berry on the cluster does not affect the berry skin break energy. We also show that a sample size depend on the variety tested.CONCLUSION: The break energy is more useful in understanding the effect of the three factors on the skin hardness. Other factors that might affect the puncture test applied to grapes need to be studied in the future and the usefulness of the test in winemaking will need to be further developed. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Medical management of thyroid cancer: a risk adapted approach
Authors: Tuttle R. Michael , Leboeuf Rebecca , Shaha Ashok R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRisk adapted treatment recommendations are dependent on accurate predictions of the risk of recurrence, risk of death, and likely sites of recurrence. When combined with response to therapy assessments and secondary risk stratification during follow‐up, this risk adapted approach will allow the clinician to tailor the aggressiveness of therapy and follow up to the risk of recurrence and death in individual patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:712–716. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Forastiere Arlene A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThree decades of collaborative research have led to the integration of platinum‐based chemotherapy into the curative management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and gains in local‐regional control, organ preservation and survival endpoints. Concomitant cisplatin‐based chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the strategy that has proven most effective for organ preservation for larynx and oropharynx cancers, the treatment of unresectable disease, nasopharyngeal cancer and the post‐operative adjuvant treatment of patients at high risk of recurrence. The evolution of current indications for this multimodality approach is reviewed and current areas of investigation discussed. Nearly all patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer receive chemotherapy as part of initial curative treatment. The focus of future trials should be on survival improvement, toxicity reduction and risk stratification for treatment decision making. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:701–707. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frontiers in free flap reconstruction in the head and neck
Authors: Cordeiro Peter G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis chapter describes the state of the art in head and neck free flap reconstruction and will stress some of its major deficits. It will also discuss some of the most promising frontiers in reconstruction, including tissue engineering and composite allotransplantation. The true frontiers of reconstruction need to be refined at the cellular level where tissue engineered from the individual cells and manipulation of the patient's immune system will potentially allow allotransplantation without affecting rates of cancer cure. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:669–673. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current status of FDG‐PET for head and neck cancer
Authors: Wong Richard J. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract18‐FDG‐PET has utility for the identification of the unknown primary head and neck squamous carcinoma, distant metastases or second primary carcinomas, and recurrent HNSCC in the post‐treatment setting. PET has a high negative predictive value in the detection of recurrent HNSCC. Standardized uptake values have demonstrated prognostic value. Limitations of PET include a lower utility for identifying occult nodal metastases and false positive readings from inflammation, infection, muscle activity, and radiation effect. Novel radioactive tracers may enable PET to identify sites of DNA replication, protein metabolism, and hypoxia. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:649–652. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current status of biomarkers in head and neck cancer
Authors: Chang Steven S. , Califano Joseph 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAs our understanding of HNSCC increases so has biomarker development. HPV16 integration is a significant marker of favorable prognosis and response to therapy for HNSCC. EGFR‐amplification and overexpression is a poor‐prognostic indicator. For premalignant lesions, LOH of 3p&9p21 loci confers an elevated risk of malignant transformation. As molecular targets are identified, these will be candidates for biomarkers for detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Validation of these biomarkers requires demonstration of independence of significance beyond known biomarkers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:640–643. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular pathogenesis of head and neck cancers
Authors: Singh Bhuvanesh 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHead and neck cancers represent a progressive genetic malady, with genetic aberrations accumulating in response to carcinogen exposure. Although individual genomic aberrations develop at specific time points in the progression axis, the precise role of these abnormalities in tumor progression and cancer behavior remain to be elucidated. This article will give an overview of the current knowledge on the molecular basis for the development of head and neck cancers. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:634–639. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased clearance of von Willebrand factor in a patient with type 2B von Willebrand disease following development of immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wang Zhihong J. , Onwuzurike Nkechi , Callaghan Michael U. , Rajpurkar Madhvi , Chitlur Meera , Lusher Jeanne M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe report a case of concurrent type 2B von Willebrand disease (VWD) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The patient had characteristic loss of von Willebrand factor (VWF) high molecular weight multimers (HMWM) but a normal platelet count in the initial 8 years after diagnosis of type 2B VWD. When he developed severe thrombocytopenia, however, both his VWD indices and VWF HMWM normalized. As his platelet count increased, he again lost the HMWM and his VWD indices decreased. These results suggest that the severe thrombocytopenia led to decreased clearance of VWF, especially the HMWM. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:416–418. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rosai–Dorfman disease following bone marrow transplantation for pre‐B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Ambati S. , Chamyan G. , Restrepo R. , Escalon E. , Fort J. , Pefkarou A. , Khatib Z.A. , Dehner Louis P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA child with acute pre‐B cell lymphoblastic leukemia underwent haploidentical bone marrow transplantation (BMT) after first relapse. Approximately 8 months after the BMT, he developed a soft tissue mass overlying a defect in the left frontal bone. He was found to have several additional osteolytic lesions but no evidence of lymphadenopathy or organomegaly. A biopsy of the presenting lesion demonstrated a polymorphous infiltrate composed predominantly of S‐100 protein and CD68 immunoreactive histiocytic cells. Together with the presence of emperipolesis, the process was interpreted as Rosai–Dorfman (R–D) disease. He received chemotherapy with vinblastine, prednisone, 6‐mercaptopurine and methotrexate and has been in remission for over 4 years. Only one previous example of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood has been reported with R–D disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:433–435. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mobilization of PML‐RARA negative blood stem cells and salvage with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in children with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Termuhlen Amanda M. , Klopfenstein Kathryn , Olshefski Randall , Rosselet Robin , Yeager Nicholas D. , Soni Sandeep , Gross Thomas G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundRelapsed acute promyleocytic leukemia (APL) is treated with re‐induction chemotherapy, commonly arsenic trioxide, and stem cell transplantation (SCT). The effect of arsenic trioxide on autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection is unknown.ProcedureFive pediatric patients with relapsed APL had PML‐RARA negative peripheral blood stem cells mobilized (four after arsenic trioxide) and underwent autologous SCT after cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg × 2) and total body irradiation (TBI‐fractionated 1,200 cGy) conditioning.ResultsAll five patients remain in molecular remission a median of 20 months post‐transplant.ConclusionAutologous SCT performed during molecular remission is a treatment option for pediatric patients with relapsed APL and may provide durable leukemia‐free survival without the complications of allogeneic transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:521–524. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prescribing practices of nurse independent prescribers caring for patients with diabetes
Authors: Courtenay M , Carey N 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the prescribing practices of nurse independent prescribers caring for patients with diabetes.Medication management is an area of care in which nurses, caring for patients with diabetes, are involved. Prescribing should optimise the role of these nurses. Although nurses in the United Kingdom have virtually the same independent prescribing rights as doctors, there is limited evidence concerning the extent to which nurse prescribing is used to treat diabetic patients, the medicines and conditions for which these nurses prescribe, and nurses' level of experience or training.In this study, data were derived from a national questionnaire survey. The findings were based on replies from a random sample of 409 nurse independent prescribers who self‐completed a written questionnaire.The results showed that the majority (62.6%) of participants worked in general practice. Nurses with specialist training prescribed more frequently (p = 0.015). The majority (51.8%) of nurses prescribed between one and five items a week for patients with diabetes. Monitoring equipment, oral antidiabetic drugs, and insulins were the products most often prescribed. A lack of continuing professional development and clinical knowledge were the biggest factors which hampered prescribing.It was concluded that nurses are using independent prescribing to prescribe medicines for patients with diabetes. However, in order that this role is optimised, it is important that nurse independent prescribers have the appropriate specialist knowledge and are able to access continuing professional development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons.
Benzodiazepine use in all alcohol consumers predicts use of opioids in patients 20 years later—a follow‐up study of 13 390 men and women aged 40–42 years
Authors: Skurtveit Svetlana , Furu Kari , Bramness Jørgen G. , Tverdal Aage 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of the consumption of benzodiazepines at age 40–42 years on prescription of opioids later in life.MethodsA cohort of 6707 men and 6683 women aged 40–42 years reported no use of analgesics in health surveys in 1985–1989. This cohort was linked to the Norwegian prescription database (NorPD) and their prescriptions of opioids during 2004–2006 were analysed. Low–high, moderate–high and high prescription frequency of opioids were defined as at least 6, 12 or 16 prescriptions during January 2004–December 2006. Non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used as comparators.ResultsThe unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) for low–high prescription frequency of opioids for men and women using benzodiazepines were 3.8 (95%CI 2.5–5.7) and 3.4 (2.6–4.4), respectively, as compared with non‐users. After adjustment for alcohol, smoking habits and socio‐economic variables, the ORs were lowered for both sexes: 2.6 (1.7–4.0) in men and 2.5 (1.9–3.3) in women. The adjusted OR for those with high prescription of opioids was higher for both sexes: 4.5 (2.4–8.5) in men and 3.7 (2.4–5.7) in women. A stratified analysis revealed no relationship between benzodiazepine use and later low and moderate prescription frequency of opioids among teetotallers. The adjusted ORs for low–high prescription frequency NSAID use for men and women using benzodiazepines were 1.6 (1.1–2.4) and 1.6 (1.3–2.0), respectively.ConclusionIn this study population, a history of benzodiazepine use raised the chance of being prescribed opioids later in life among those who also used alcohol. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Procedures conditioning the absorption/desorption behavior of cold‐cured epoxy resins
Authors: Frigione Mariaenrica , Lettieri Mariateresa 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe absorption/desorption behavior of a commercial cold‐cured bisphenolic epoxy resin, subjected to different treatments prior to exposure to water, was analyzed. The epoxy system has been already used as both matrix and adhesive for the manufacture and application, respectively, of fiber reinforced polymers composites employed for rehabilitation procedures. The effects of different curing, conditioning, and storing conditions on the water absorption/desorption process taking place in the cured resin were evaluated. The different conditioning procedures used to dry the specimens before their exposure to water caused a different extent of physical aging and of curing on each system, influencing the amount and the rate of diffusion of the water molecules inside the specimens. Moreover, if the specimens are subjected to thermohygrometric cycles prior to immersion in water, the rate of diffusion and the amount of water also depends on the presence of water molecules inside the cured resins not easy to remove by any drying treatment. During all the hygrometric treatments performed, a deaging process took place. The kinetic of this deaging process for the not‐fully cured systems depends on the additional crosslinking taking place in the samples. The different procedures used to condition the specimens also affect the variations in glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured systems during and after immersion in water. Finally, the different drying procedures employed proved to be not equally appropriate for cold‐cured epoxy resins. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1320–1336, 2008
Structural recovery (physical ageing) of the friction coefficient of polymers
Authors: Charrault Eric , Gauthier Christian , Marie Pascal , Schirrer Robert 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMost of the mechanical properties of the polymers are subject to structural recovery (physical ageing). The aim of this work was, therefore, to evaluate the sensitivity of the friction coefficient to physical ageing. The apparent friction coefficient is the ratio of the tangential force to the normal load applied to a moving tip in contact with the surface of a material. This coefficient includes a “true friction” at the interface and a “geometrical friction,” which is the lowing and bulk dissipative effect. In the case of solid polymers, the material underneath the moving tip may display various types of behavior: elastic, viscoelastic, elastoplastic (elastic and plastic strains are present in the contact area), or fully plastic. Scratching and sliding experiments were performed on PMMA to determine the true friction coefficient over a wide range of contact deformations. An analysis of the true friction coefficient as a function of the physical ageing (structural recovery) showed that the friction decreases with increasing structural recovery of the polymer in the case of sliding. Whatever the level of physical ageing, at a high contact strain (fully plastic contact), the true friction coefficient tended to a unique and high value independent of the thermal history of the polymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1337–1347, 2008