bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of framboidal pyrite in clayey Holocene sediments and in Jurassic black shale in the northwestern part of the Barents Sea
Authors: ELVERHØI A. 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACTFramboidal pyrite is identified in clayey Holocene sediments in the northwestern part of the Barents Sea, and also in clasts of black Jurassic (?) shale within these sediments. Two types of framboidal pyrite are distinguished. Framboids in the Holocene sediments lack a matrix between the microcrystals whereas the Jurassic specimens have a matrix. In contrast to the rest of the clastic sedimentary material in the area, the framboidal pyrite in the Holocene sediments is not reworked from the underlying Mesozoic rocks, but has formed recently. In some Holocene sediments the microcrystals are well organized and crystal‐like faces are developed. The framboidal texture is probably a result of pyrite crystallization. The matrix is concluded to be due to diagenetic alteration and is not a primary feature of the framboidal pyrite.
Dystrophic onychomycosis due to Microsporum gypseum
Authors: Romano C. , Ghilardi A. , Fimiani M 
Published: June 2006

SummaryA case of onychomycosis with nail dystrophy due to Microsporum gypseum in a healthy 35‐year‐old woman is described. The infection had a 2‐year history, occurring in the site of a nail trauma sustained in a fall from a horse. Diagnosis was based on mycological examination (direct microscope observation and culture). Clinical and mycological recovery was achieved after local treatment with ciclopiroxolamine nail solution and pulsed systemic terbinafine therapy.
Increased serum and hepatic tissue levels of interleukin‐18 in patients with fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: Shinoda Masahiro , Wakabayashi Go , Shimazu Motohide , Saito Hidetsugu , Hoshino Ken , Tanabe Minoru , Morikawa Yasuhide , Endo Shigeatsu , Ishii Hiromasa , Kitajima Masaki 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground:  Fulminant hepatic failure is a serious clinical condition associated with a high mortality rate. Interleukin (IL)‐18 is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine that is associated with several inflammatory diseases. The purpose of the present paper was therefore to investigate whether IL‐18 is elevated in patients with fulminant hepatic failure.Methods:  Serum levels of IL‐18 were measured in patients with fulminant hepatic failure before and after liver transplantation. Native liver tissue samples were collected and the tissue levels of IL‐18 were determined. Liver tissues were stained immunohistochemically with antihuman IL‐18 antibody. The serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were also determined in patients with fulminant hepatic failure before and after liver transplantation.Results:  Elevated levels of IL‐18 in serum and hepatic tissue were observed in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Native liver tissue samples were immunohistochemicaly positive for IL‐18. Interleukin‐18 levels were markedly reduced after liver replacement. No other inflammatory cytokines were substantially elevated in patients with fulminant hepatic failure.Conclusion:  The serum levels of IL‐18 levels are elevated much more than those of other cytokines in patients with fulminant hepatic failure.
Appeals Court Rejects Federal Jurisdiction over Chiropractors Challenge to Medicare Coverage – Am. Chiropractic Ass'n, Inc. v. Leavitt
Authors: Lewis Carmen E. 
Published: June 2006

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (“Appeals Court”) held that the district court did not have jurisdiction over the American Chiropractor's Association's (“ACA”) federal question claims brought under the Medicare Act, despite affirming the ACA's prudential standing to pursue its claims. The Appeals Court reversed the lower court's decision allowing a doctor of medicine or osteopathy to perform manual manipulations of the spine on Medicare beneficiaries to correct a subluxation.The Medicare program “subsidizes medical insurance for elderly and disabled persons.” An enrollee selects a physician or obtains medical services through a managed-care provider, such as a health maintenance organization (“HMO”).
Determination of the length of sedimentation reaction in blood using the TEST 1 system: comparison with the Sedimatic 100 method, turbidimetric fibrinogen levels, and the influence of M-proteins
Authors: Ajubi Nasser E. , Bakker Andries J. , van den Berg Gita A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:904–6.
Binding of T‐Antigen Disaccharides to Artocarpus hirsuta Lectin and Jacalin are Energetically Different
Authors: Gaikwad Sushama M. , Khan M. Islam 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACTThe thermodynamics of binding of Me‐α‐GalNAc, Gal‐β‐1‐3GalNAc‐α‐O‐Me (T‐antigen‐α), Gal‐β‐1‐3GalNAc and Gal‐α‐1‐6Glc (mellibiose) to Artocarpus hirsuta lectin was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy. The binding affinities of the saccharides are in the order Gal‐β‐1‐3GalNAc‐α‐O‐Me < Me‐α‐GalNAc < Me‐α‐Gal < Gal‐β‐1‐3GalNAc < Gal‐α‐1‐6Glc. The binding affinities were comparable to those for jacalin. However, binding of the saccharides to the A. hirsuta lectin was not affected as strongly by temperature as observed in jacalin and the trend was found to be reversed. Values for ΔH and AS were found to be positive in A. hirsuta lectin‐disaccharide binding despite similar binding affinities. Thus, with 99% structural and 96% sequence homology, with similar sugar specificity and affinity, the energetics of the disaccharide binding of the two lectins seem to be different. Me‐α‐GalNAc binding to A. hirsuta lectin is enthalpically driven, because the association constant decreases with increasing temperature. However, the binding of the T‐antigen disaccharides and mellibiose disaccharides to the lectin is entropically driven. The difference in the molecular associations in the packing and variation of the C‐terminal length of the β chain of the A. hirsuta lectin could be reflected in the different disaccharide binding energetics.
Trade Liberalization and International Mergers: The Case of Barley Malting in North America
Authors: Buschena David E. , Gray Richard S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAs free trade policy merges formerly distinct markets characterized by stable Cournot oligopolies and having similar cost structures, additional incentives are created for mergers within the newly combined industry that affect the gains from free trade. We use a Cournot‐Nash oligopoly model to examine the incentives for malting company mergers following Canadian‐U.S. free trade agreement. Mergers reduce free trade gains to malt consumers and malt barley producers while producer surplus in the malting industry increases. Overall, mergers increase the total gains from free trade beyond those without mergers.
Cross‐Border Trade and Perceptions: Friend or Foe?
Authors: Tronstad Russell , Wong-González Pablo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAgribusiness leaders in the border states of Arizona and Sonora feel strongly that trade will be more important to their future business than it is at present. Each state believes that there is a potential or expanding market available. Little support was found for the opinion that each other's state serves as a business competitor. Integration, complementarity, and regional specialization have allowed cross‐border agribusiness firms to become more competitive. Opportunities for risk reduction are felt to exist through cross‐border expansion. The highest ranked items for increasing the economic vitality of agribusiness in the region are streamlining border crossing formalities for products, unifying grades and standards, improving Sonora's transportation and communication infrastructure, developing better financing strategies/legal agreements, and forming a bilingual regional agricultural agency to disseminate information regarding current regulations specific to agriculture. This agency may also help facilitate capital and trade flows by providing a voluntary certified trading license.
Confined Animal Production and Groundwater Protection
Authors: Letson David , Gollehon Noel , Kascak Catherine , Breneman Vincent , Mose Carlyle 
Published: June 2006

AbstractOur national screening model considers agricultural practices, hydrologie vulnerability, and groundwater use to identify areas that might need in‐depth study to determine whether agricultural manure use contributes to groundwater quality problems. Economic efficiency dictates that, at the margin, the benefits of reducing manure nitrogen loadings to groundwater should be at least as great as the costs. However, efficiency on a national scale is complicated by the variability of costs and benefits across groundwater basins. National mandates are unlikely to be efficient, except as minimal protection. Case‐by‐case approaches can provide efficient additional protection as needed, but they have substantial information requirements. The high cost of site‐specific data on water use, values, and hydrologic settings demands that the cases examined be selected with care. We focus on the threat of manure to groundwater use for three reasons. First, manure nutrient loadings might be on the rise because of ongoing structural changes in animal production. Second, prevention in some cases is the most economic response to threats or incidents of contamination. Replacement costs for the provision of bottled water or other alternatives are often higher than the cost of preserving existing groundwater resources. Third, the 1996 Federal Improvement and Reform Act (FAIR) authorizes $1.3 billion for environmental and conservation improvements, at least half of which must go to animal production. FAIR also mandates that the spending maximize environmental benefits per dollar. Clearly, groundwater protection is a candidate for such spending.
An Analysis of the Economic Benefit Provisions of the Food Quality Protection Act
Authors: Phillips Mark , Gianessi Leonard P. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn 1996, President Clinton signed into law the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). The act reduces the historic role economic benefits play in determining whether known carcinogenic pesticides should be granted crop labels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) now considers pesticide benefits only if at least one of two conditions is present: (a) the pesticide protects consumers against adverse health effects that are greater than the health risks posed by the pesticide itself, and (b) the pesticide is needed to prevent a “significant disruption in [the] domestic production of an adequate, wholesome and economical food supply.” Congress cited an administrative action taken by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an example of the type of situation that legitimately might represent a potential “significant disruption” of our food supply. The action raised the recommended ceilings for a dangerous carcinogenic mycotoxin, called aflatoxin, to reduce its impact on the availability of field corn. However, it is uncertain whether the corn/aflatoxin incident is a clear‐cut example of a “significant disruption” of our food supply. Evidence suggests that it might not be, as a drought had already destroyed a large part of the crop, and aflatoxin testing methods were inadequate. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether a strong nexus exists between crop losses caused by aflatoxin and crop losses suffered following the removal of pesticides. Several pesticide/crop combinations suggest that the nexus is not strong. The act would be more effective if economists estimated the unique crop‐loss threshold for each pesticide/crop combination.
Firma Hebrona: A Private Enterprise in Latvia
Authors: MacKinnon Douglas , Schaffner David J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWith the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, independence came to the Baltic republics. The focus of this case study is on Ainars Kadish and his entrepreneurial efforts in bringing an abandoned greenhouse operation back to a productive and profitable state. Also discussed are the post‐Soviet environment and the privatization process as carried out in Latvia. The case provides financial information to explore Ainars' alternatives: should he continue producing at the current facility or build a new greenhouse complex?
The 21st Century Alliance: A Dry Edible Bean Cooperative
Authors: Boland Michael , Daniel Scott , Katz Jeff , Parcell Joe , Aristizabal Ioanna Romer de 
Published: June 2006

AbstractProducers of the 21st Century Alliance in western Kansas had an opportunity to vertically integrate in the dry edible bean industry in the winter of 1998. Demand for dry edible beans, especially pinto beans, has been increasing in recent years. The major decision in this case was to determine whether to (a) build new facilities, (b) build a dual‐purpose grain elevator for beans and other crops, (c) not buy, or (d) purchase an existing facility in Burlington, Colorado, or Sharon Springs, Kansas.
The transcript expression profile of the leptin receptor-coding gene assayed with the oligonucleotide microarray technique — Could this be an Anorexia nervosa marker?
Authors: Janas-Kozik Małgorzata , Mazurek Urszula , Krupka-Matuszczyk Irena , Stachowicz Małgorzata , Głogowska-Ligus Joanna , Wilczok Tadeusz 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAnorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder with the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. The DSM-IV classification differentiates two AN types: the restricting type (AN-R) and the binge-eating/purging type (AN-BP). Leptin (LEP) levels can be thought of as a signal to the body of its energy reserves. The leptin receptor (including all its mRNA isoforms) is expressed in many tissues. Our aim was to discover the transcript expression profile of the LEP receptor-coding gene in the peripheral blood mononuclears in AN-R and AN-BP patients. Three young women suffering from Anorexia nervosa (one with AN-BP and two with AN-R) took part in the study, along with three non-anorexic subjects as our reference group. LEP receptor gene expression was examined using the oligonucleotide microarray method (HG-U133A, Affymetrix). The results were normalized using RMAExpress. Next, the accumulation analysis method was used (clustering). Hierarchical clustering resulted in three groups of separate clusters. The first group (cluster I) consisted of AN-R patients. The next group (cluster II) consisted of reference group patients suffering from different psychic disorders not related to eating disorders. Cluster III consisted of two patients — the first with AN-BP and the second with an adaptive disorder.
Impact of setup errors on the robustness of linac‐based single‐isocenter coplanar and non‐coplanar VMAT plans for multiple brain metastases
Authors: Sun Xiaohuan , Guan Fada , Yun Qinghui , Jennings Matthew , Biggs Simon , Wang Zhongfei , Wang Wei , Zhang Te , Shi Mei , Zhao Lina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposePatient setup errors have been a primary concern impacting the dose delivery accuracy in radiation therapy. A robust treatment plan might mitigate the effects of patient setup errors. In this reported study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of translational and rotational errors on the robustness of linac‐based, single‐isocenter, coplanar, and non‐coplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment plans for multiple brain metastases.MethodsFifteen patients were retrospectively selected for this study with a combined total of 49 gross tumor volumes (GTVs). Single‐isocenter coplanar and non‐coplanar plans were generated first with a prescribed dose of 40 Gy in 5 fractions or 42 Gy in 7 fractions to cover 95% of planning target volume (PTV). Next, four setup errors (+1 and +2 mm translation, and +1° and +2° rotation) were applied individually to generate modified plans. Different plan quality evaluation metrics were compared between coplanar and non‐coplanar plans. 3D gamma analysis (3%/2 mm) was performed to compare the modified plans (+2 mm and +2° only) and the original plans. Paired t‐test was conducted for statistical analysis.ResultsAfter applying setup errors, variations of all plan evaluation metrics were similar (p > 0.05). The worst case for V100% to GTV was 92.07% ± 6.13% in the case of +2 mm translational error. 3D gamma pass rates were > 90% for both coplanar (+2 mm and +2°) and the +2 mm non‐coplanar groups but was 87.40% ± 6.89% for the +2° non‐coplanar group.ConclusionTranslational errors have a greater impact on PTV and GTV dose coverage for both planning methods. Rotational errors have a greater negative impact on gamma pass rates of non‐coplanar plans. Plan evaluation metrics after applying setup errors showed that both coplanar and non‐coplanar plans were robust and clinically acceptable.
From Experimental Epistemology to Experimental Architecture
Authors: Sweeting Ben 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA life‐long beacon for Lebbeus Woods was his understanding of the ideas of second‐order cybernetics and attempts to assimilate them into his architectural projects. An introduction to this discourse was provided in Urbana‐Champaign in the early 1960s by his most important intellectual mentor, cyberneticist Heinz von Foerster. Poised at the intersection of architecture and cybernetics, Ben Sweeting charts some of the lines of their interactions and friendship.
Thermally Engineered Ferric Yolk‐Shells for Vaginal Secretion Based Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Wu Jiao , Wei Yingting , Shi Chunjing , Huang Yida , Hong Zubei , Liu Wanshan , Gu Liying , Wang Ruimin , Li Yuling , Cao Jing , Di Wen , Hou Xumin , Liu Jian , Qian Kun , Qiu Lihua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEngineering of materials is crucial for the advanced detection of bio‐molecules, particularly in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS). However, effective screening with enhanced LDI performance remains challenging due to the lack of engineered substrate materials. Herein, thermally engineered ferric yolk‐shells are designed for enhanced metabolic screening of cervical cancer (CC) using vaginal secretion. A facile thermal engineering strategy is developed to prepare amorphous ferric yolk‐shells with integrated properties. Notably, the amorphous mesoporous yolk‐shells offer signal amplification up to orders of magnitude in LDI‐MS for standard metabolites and diverse bio‐samples. High‐performance CC screening (including identification of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and CC) is achieved, with the areas under the curve of 0.842–0.963. Finally, a metabolic panel for CC screening, covering the stages of HPV, HSIL, and CC, is established. This work elucidates the LDI‐MS mechanism for enhanced metabolic detection and highlights potential applications in cancer screening.
Electrically‐Reconfigurable Extremely‐High Density Physical Unclonable Cryptographic Keys Based on Aurivillius Ferroelectrics
Authors: Miao Yuan , Zhou Xuefan , Wang Zhongwang , Liu Xiaochi , Yuan Yahua , Jing Yumei , Luo Hang , Zhang Dou , Sun Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the era of information, emerging hardware security primitives, i.e., hardware random number generators and physically unclonable functions, hold profound promise for the establishment of exceptionally secure network information systems. Nonetheless, these potential solutions are constrained by inherent drawbacks, including the need for additional error correction circuits or algorithms, heightened susceptibility to environmental interference, and limited data density. This paper demonstrates the extremely high‐density, physical‐unclonable cryptographic keys by harnessing stochastically ferroelectric domain polarizations in Aurivillius ferroelectric material CaBi2Nb2O9 (CBNO). Ferroelectric polarization of CBNO nanodomains can serve as a robust source of physical unclonable entropy. Through the application of high‐speed voltage pulses, the inherent randomness of ferroelectric polarizations can be enhanced, thereby yielding cryptographic keys characterized by remarkable uniformity, uniqueness, and negligible environmental sensitivity. More importantly, the voltage pulse operations facilitate the configurability of the ferroelectric cryptographic keys with no correlation. An unprecedented data density of 435 Gbit µm−2 is therefore achievable with a miniaturized CBNO of less than 1 um2. Notably, the reconfigured keys successfully pass the National Institute of Standards and Technology random number tests without requiring additional post‐processing steps. Emanating from the inherent attributes of the material, these high‐density ferroelectric keys confer intrinsic advantages to information security, evincing substantial resistance to duplication or cloning.
Investigations of Morphology and Carrier Transport Characteristics in High‐Performance PEDOT:PSS/Tellurium Binary Composite Fibers Produced via Continuous Wet‐Spinning
Authors: Wen Ningxuan , Guan Xin , Zuo Xueqing , Guo Yuan , Chen Zhonghua , Li Chengwei , Xu Hui , Pan Lujun , Fan Zeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFiber‐based flexible thermoelectric (TE) generators are highly desirable due to their capability to convert thermal energy into electricity and their potential applications in wearable electronics. High‐performance poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/Tellurium (Te) composite TE fibers have been successfully developed via a continuous wet‐spinning approach followed by sulphuric acid treatment. With a simple pre‐modification to Te nanowires, the inorganic Te fillers form uniform distribution in PEDOT:PSS. At the optimal condition, the composite fibers exhibit a power factor of 233.5 µW m−1 K−2 and mechanical strength of 205 MPa, which are among the highest values reported so far for the PEDOT:PSS‐based TE fibers. From the viewpoint of TE property enhancement mechanism, understanding the morphology and carrier transport behavior in the 1D organic/inorganic composite fibers remains still challenging. On basis of a series of PEDOT:PSS/Te composite fibers with varying Te fractions, orientations of both the inorganic and organic constituents are quantitatively evaluated. Their electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients are also analyzed with modified series‐parallel models and energy filtering theory. This work may not only provide a universal approach to produce high‐performance organic/inorganic composite TE fibers for various wearable applications, but also help to understand the morphology and charge transport between heterogeneous phases in a 1D composite.
Fabricating Solid‐Solution‐Type Perovskite/Fluoride Nanocomposites Through Sublattice Interlocking for High‐Performance Photovoltaics
Authors: Wei Youchao , Wang Xianjin , Wang Zhaoyu , Wang Di , Chen Yameng , Zhang Haoyu , Zhao Yao , Liu Yongsheng , Zhao Qing , Hong Maochun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAll‐inorganic α‐phase CsPbI3 perovskite with a suitable bandgap and superb optoelectronic properties is transforming the landscape of perovskite photovoltaics, but its long‐term lability associated with “soft” ionic lattice still imposes a great challenge for practical applications. Herein, a unique solid‐solution fluorination strategy is proposed to deliver an “ideal” perovskite matrix of α‐phase CsPbI3 abundant with F ions through interlocking the soft lattice of CsPbI3 with cubic‐phase CsF·3/2HF. Such a sublattice interlocking can not only stabilize the soft lattice of α‐phase CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals but also passivate their notorious surface defects, thereby producing a “rigid” solid‐solution‐type perovskite/fluoride CsPbI3/CsF (termed as CsPbI3:F) nanocomposite with excellent long‐term stability and a near‐unity photoluminescence efficiency. Of particular note is that these CsPbI3:F nanocomposites can work well as effective grain boundary anchors to significantly improve the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells because of their F‐rich perovskite lattice, achieving a T80 stability of 1500 h under continuous maximum power point tracking and AM 1.5G illumination without the need for encapsulation. This work paves a new way to deliver perovskite materials with desirable properties for photovoltaics.