bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inversion of Atom Populations of Crystal Sites at Phase Transitions
Authors: Sugakov V. I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt is shown that at structural phase transitions of first order in the case of the existence of two energy minima per atom in the unit cell and in the vicinity of the phase interface an inversion of the atom populations of crystal sites arises. This phenomenon is explained by the retardation in establishing the equilibrium atom population as compared with establishing the equilibrium values of energy. The system of kinetic equations for the order parameter are solved numerically. If the Landau approximation of the free energy is valid, analytic solutions for order parameter and inverse population are obtained. The peculiarities of the inversion development for different models of phase transitions are considered. The appearance of inversion can cause various coherence effects (acceleration of atoms, emission of electromagnetic waves, emission of sound, etc.).
Potential Based Phonon Dispersion in Thallium
Authors: Saxena K. C. , Rathore R. P. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA realistic theoretical study to predict the phonon dispersion and binding energy of h.c.p. metals is developed. The total interaction among the constituents is divided into two parts, ion‐ion part and electron‐ion‐electron part. The former part is expressed by the modified form of the generalized exponential potential (MGEP) developed by the present group. To highlight the characteristic features of the MGEP other similar potentials are compared. The latter part is represented by the modified Krebs scheme, involving the dielectric screening due to Vashista and Singhwi. These interactions are blended to develop a model for predicting the binding energy and the phonon dispersion of the scantily studied h.c.p. metals like thallium.
Distribution Function Parameters Determined from Dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy Data
Authors: Hermida Élida B. , Povolo F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe dynamical properties of linear viscoelastic materials are related to the strength of relaxation as well as to the statistical parameters of the corresponding distribution function. Nowick and Berry established numerically the relationships between the real and imaginary moduli or compliances, the strength of relaxation, and the parameters of a widely used distribution function: the log‐normal one. These relationships are modified, applying a perturbation theory, in order to get the parameters from an internal friction peak measured as a function of temperature. Recently, a modified anelastic element (MAE) has been introduced for describing the mechanical properties, particularly the internal friction, of linear viscoelastic solids. It has been shown that the distribution function associated to the MAE is quite similar to a log‐normal distribution. Therefore, in the present paper the perturbation theory developed by Nowick and Berry is applied to the internal friction peak for the MAE. It is found that the approximate values calculated for the MAE are in excellent agreement with the analytical parameters associated to this element and also with the approximate expressions derived for the log‐normal distribution. However, this treatment is not enough to determine the temperature dependence of the parameters except if very accurate frequency data are measured. Consequently, an alternative procedure is proposed.
Spin Waves in Magnetic Bilayer Films
Authors: Wang Y. Q. , Li Z. Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe relation of pinning parameters to the uniaxial anisotropy fields of bilayers is discussed in the interface rescaling approach. The effects of the interface, surface, and bulk anisotropy parameters on the spin wave energy and the amplitudes of the spin wave as well as its localization are studied in detail.
Coupled Magnetoelastic Resonances in Garnet Crystals Studied by Light Scattering
Authors: Strotmann M. , Dötsch H. , Sure S. , Lührmann B. , Staas O. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFilms of yttrium iron garnet are grown by liquid phase epitaxy on substrates of gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) of 5 mm thickness and orientation [111] or [110]. The ferrimagnetic resonance is excited at frequencies up to 2 GHz. Due to the magnetoelastic interaction standing elastic waves across the thickness of the crystal are induced. They have constant frequency separation of 350 kHz. Optical Bragg diffraction by these resonances is studied at a wavelength of 633 nm, yielding a comb structure of stable light oscillators at twice the excitation frequency. From the measurements the ratio P44/ΔP for GGG is derived. At high power excitations instability oscillations of the ferrimagnetic resonance occur; the optical measurements demonstrate a strong nonlinear coupling of these instabilities to the elastic resonances.
Phase diagrams of the spin‐1/2 transverse ising model with random interactions
Authors: El Mir E. , Saber M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe phase diagrams of the spin‐1/2 transverse Ising model with random interactions are investigated within the framework of the effective field theory using an improved configurational averaging procedure. General formulae, applicable to lattices with coordination number z, are given. Numerical results are presented for a simple cubic lattice. It is found that the effects of a transverse field on the phase diagrams exhibit a number of interesting phenomena.
Dependence of EXAFS phase shift parameters on partial charge and atomic number of the ligand
Authors: Murari A. , Chetal A. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUsing the EXAFS data of the copper systems CuO, Cu(BF4)2·6H2O, Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O, Azurite, CuSO4·5H2O, CuS, CuCl, CuBr, and Cul, the phase parameters α1 and β1 are evaluated. It is shown that for the same ligand, the phase parameters α1 and β1 vary inversely with partial charge q. For ligands having different atomic numbers, these parameters change with partial charge and atomic number of the ligand.
Near infra‐red luminescence of Hg2Cl2
Authors: Bryknar Z. , Grasser R. , Himam M. I. , Kon̆áková A. , Scharmann A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLuminescence in Hg2Cl2 crystals excited with UV light or X‐rays is investigated in the near infra‐red (NIR) spectral region up to 1000 nm. Measurements are performed on as‐grown samples and on samples previously exposed to UV light or X‐rays at RT. Three types of luminescence centres denoted A, B, and C are identified, the luminescence of which depends on the concentration of the photochemical products induced by irradiation of the crystals at RT. Thermoluminescence of Hg2Cl2 is observed for the first time. The glow emission is found in the NIR range, too. It is due to radiative transitions in centres A and B. It is concluded that the NIR luminescence of Hg2Cl2 is not an intrinsic emission but originates from crystal defects. Moreover, luminescence of free excitons in Hg2Cl2 is not observed even at 4.2 K and strong excitation with X‐rays or UV light.
Electronic structure of a step on cleaved surfaces of layered copper oxides
Authors: Prosandeev S. A. , Tennenboum I. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe electronic structure of a step on cleaved surfaces of layered copper oxides is studied in terms of the Green function method. It is shown that if the edges of the steps are formed by Cu atoms, then deep electronic states appear in the forbidden gap preferably as a result of the breaking of CuO chemical bonds. On the other hand, if the boundary atoms are represented by O atoms, the above phenomenon is due to a change (rise) of the potential at the “surface” atoms. The filling of the bands of these states with electrons may give rise to the one‐dimensional surface conductivity. At low electron concentration in the bands, one has to expect a restructuring or the appearance of superconductivity properties in view of the fact that the Fermi level approaches the van Hove singularity.
Characterization of (GaxIn1−x)2Se3 Raman and Infrared Spectra for 0 ≦ x ≦ 0.5
Authors: Dubček P. , Etlinger B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA modified random element displacement model is used to investigate the composition dependence of Raman and infrared spectra of (GaxIn1−x)2Se3. A computer program that enables the simulation of explicit metal site substitution and stressing the tetrahedral character of the structure is developed. A good agreement with experiment is obtained by using a few free numerical parameters indicating that the vibration modes depend mainly on the structure details. A vibration type assignment to the experimental results is possible for isolated peaks, though more than one vibration mode contribute to some of them. Due to the presence of many close modes and their poor optical activity the vibration type assignment is not possible in the range higher than 180 cm−1.
Diffusion of Electrically Active Sb Atoms in Heavily Doped Silicon: Monte‐Carlo Simulation with Regard to Collective Phenomena
Authors: Fedotov S. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe mechanisms of electrically active impurity diffusion in heavily doped silicon during rapid thermal annealing (RTA) are considered. A computer simulation of impurity atom migration processes in the silicon lattice by the Monte‐Carlo (MC) method with regard of collective phenomena is carried out. On the basis of the comparison with experimental results on RTA of Sb impurity implanted into Si in a wide temperature region (from 1000 to 1200 °C) conclusions about the nature of the interaction between impurity atoms and defects are made. A good correspondence between the calculated and experimental results is achieved by the modification of the model with regard of the nonequilibrium vacancy distribution in the lattice.
On the Possibility to Control the Energy Spectrum in Coupled Quantum Wells Based on Magnetic Semiconductors by Means of Temperature
Authors: Kruclikov E. G. , Petrov V. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA possibility is pointed out to control tunnel resonance and electron wave function localization by means of temperature in asymmetric. coupled quantum wells based on a combination of diluted magnetic semiconductors. A numerical calculation of the electron spectrum and the wave functions is made for two structures based on CdMnTe and ZnMnSe. The possibilities of the experimental observation of the predicted effect are discussed.
Phase Diagrams of the Diluted Spin‐3/2 Blume‐Capel Model
Authors: Bakkali A. , Kerouad M. , Saber M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe phase diagrams of the diluted spin‐3/2 Blume‐Capel Ising model on a honeycomb lattice are examined in detail, within the framework of an effective field theory based on the use of a probability distribution that correctly accounts for the single site kinematic relations. The thermal variation of the magnetization, the quadrupolar moment, and the higher‐order moment near critical concentrations are also investigated.
Fluorescence in Doubly Doped KCl: Eu2+, Sm2+ Crystals
Authors: Cywiński R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLow temperature (4.2 K) emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime characteristics of Sm2+ ions are examined in doubly doped KCl:Eu2+, Sm2+ crystals. It is shown that except for the aggregation products composed of individual dopants, some aggregates containing both dopants simultaneously are formed. In crystals with high Eu2+ concentration the emission decay ascribed to the latter centres implies an effective energy transfer from Sm2+ to Eu2+ ions accompanied by a drastic drop of the decay constant.
Strain Effects on the Band Structures of GaN
Authors: Xie Jianjun , Zi Jian , Zhang Kaiming 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe strain effects on the band structure of zincblende GaN are studied by using the ab initio linear muffin‐tin orbital (LMTO) method. The variations of energy splitting with the strain component are calculated for some of the important eigenvalues. The strain effects on the band shape and band gap are discussed. It is found that the compressive (expansive) strain parallel to the (100) surface gives a narrower (wider) Xc1‐Γv15 band gap and a wider (narrower) Xc1‐Γv15 band gap compared with that of the perfect zincblende GaN crystal. The band width along the Δ direction increases when the lattice parallel to the (100) surface a∥ is compressed and decreases when a∥ is expanded. However, the band width along the A direction decreases for both compressive and expansive strain parallel to the (100) surface.
Control system design for parametric uncertainty
Authors: Keel L. H. , Bhattacharyya S. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper introduces some recently developed frequency‐domain design techniques that are effective in the design of control systems that are required to be robust under parametric uncertainty. We have extended the well‐known classical control tools (i.e., Nyquist plot, Bode plot, and Nichols chart) developed for a fixed plant to the domain of families of plants where the uncertain parameter varies in intervals. Using this new family of plots, classical control design techniques can be used to design robust control systems. The technique is illustrated by examples.
Discrete‐time loop transfer recovery via generalized sampled‐data hold functions based compensator
Authors: Er M. J. , Anderson Brian D. O. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLoop transfer recovery (LTR) techniques are known to enhance the input or output robustness properties of linear quadratic gaussian (LQG) designs. One restriction of the existing discrete‐time LQG/LTR methods is that they can obtain arbitrarily good recovery only for minimum‐phase plants. A number of researchers have attempted to devise new techniques to cope with non‐minimum‐phase plants and have achieved some degrees of success.6‐9 Nevertheless, their methods only work for a restricted class of non‐minimum‐phase systems. Here, we explore the zero placement capability of generalized sampled‐data hold functions (GSHF) developed in Reference 14 and show that using the arbitrary zero placement capability of GSHF, the discretized plant can always be made minimum‐phase. As a consequence, we are able to achieve discrete‐time perfect recovery using a GSHF‐based compensator irrespective of whether the underlying continuous‐time plant is minimum‐phase or not.
Theory of Harmony of Proportions and Functions in Social Systems
Authors: Davydov A. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe basic postulates of the theory, which unites proportions in statics and dynamics, explain their ties with the social system functions. Verification of the theory has been carried out. Its value is explained in the concrete examples, not only for forecasting social processes and determining optimal correlations in society, but also for development of the general theory of systems.
Evolution learning and progress of science: An increase in variety and order
Authors: Paritsis Nicholas C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe contribution of variety to the adaptation, the survival and development of a system described by the laws of requisite variety of experience and of optimal variety, respectively is presented. The contribution of order to evolution found in the work of Prigogine is also discussed. It is then concluded that ordered variety is a better marker or measure for evolution than the amount of entropy and of information. The application of these concepts to other forms of Natural Intelligence development such as learning and the progress of science together with methods of their protection and facilitation are discussed.
Quality of an Enterprise‐s Business Operations A Holistic View and Systems Approach
Authors: Kralj Janko 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAbstract ‐ The paper deals with an original analytical approach (a holistic, systemic one) to the quality of business operations of an enterprise. It consists of an economic estimation of success and its components, which is supported by the reputation of the enterprise; both are consequences of its behavior of a permanent concern. The key components and variables of success are: efficiency (productivity, cost effectiveness), effectiveness (competitive marketability, flexibility). Reputation depends on orderliness (relations inside enterprise, creativity) and credibility (capability and reliability plus public and societal relations). Its motors are the entrepreneurship and entrepreneurships. The idea is presented in a figure and elaborated in a table, accompanied by explanations in text. It has been developed for decades and recently published in the author's new book (1992) on Enterprise‐s policy (in Slovenian). In this paper some refinements are made.
Measurement of the Services Quality from the Customers Perspective
Authors: Snoj Boris 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAbstract ‐ Services are becoming more and more a primary force for economic growth, in modern society. National economies that want to cope with changes are in the midst of a quality revolution. Yet, little has been done in the marketing management of the quality of services. Hence the article reveals some problems in this area and focuses on the measurement of the quality of services from the customers perspective. The systemic approach to the measurement is introduced as well as some findings of the research of the quality of the Slovenian health spas‐ services.
Ecology and the poverty of humanism: A critical systems perspective
Authors: Midgley Gerald 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper explores what we might mean by the terms “humanism” and “the ecological perspective” using a new kind of systems model. It is argued that humanism represents an uncritical acceptance of boundaries that always prioritise individual human beings, human societies and/or human communicative systems in analyses. The contention is that this can no longer be considered legitimate. If an uncritically prioritised boundary is always placed around the human element, then that which is seen as lying beyond the human boundary (our “environment”) will inevitably be marginalised, and will come to be regarded as profane. What is profane is subject to abuse, much of which is ritualised. Because we now realise that there is no real separation between “us” (human beings) and “it” (the environment), this is not ‘just’ environmental abuse ‐ it is self‐abuse. Our “selves” are wider than the uncritically prioritised boundaries of our human bodies. We therefore have to look for an alternative to humanism. One such alternative is the ecological perspective which allows choice between boundaries and refuses to prioritise the human element uncritically.
‘whole‐ing’ the parts and righting the wrongs
Authors: Ackoff Russell L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe recent reports that popular panaceas are not working most of the time is not surprising; they are applied anti‐systemically. These failures have two principal sources. First, they manipulate the parts of systems without regard to how their manipulations affect the whole through interactions of the parts. Second, they tend to do the wrong things righter rather than the right things. It is better to do the right thing wrong that the wrong thing right; the former leads to learning; the latter to reinforcement of error.
Education in the world system
Authors: Boulding Kenneth E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe key issue addressed by Kenneth Boulding in this paper is ‘How do we create a learning society, in which there is widespread love of learning, in which large numbers of people continue the learning process long after formal education in over for them, in which they raise questions and use encyclopedias, read books, form discussion groups, question authority, are active in the political learning process; and in which formal education is seen just as part of a much larger learning process?’.
The promise of critical IR, partially kept
Authors: MURPHY CRAIG N. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe critical turn in IR promised a continuous archeology of the field, an empathetic understanding of those we study, and a social science unwedded to the pursuit of universally valid laws. In the United States, this movement was rooted more in a critique of peace research, than in a critique of the ‘NeoNeo’ mainstream, to which it became sort of ‘official opposition’. The promise has not been fulfilled because the research strategies of critical theorists have rarely given them direct access to the understandings of those outside the privileged core of world society. Other research programmes, including that of the Human Development Reports and of some feminists and ethnographic scholars in IR, have been more successful.
Morphological Analysis in School-Age Children: Dynamic Assessment of a Word Learning Strategy
Authors: Larsen Jennifer A. , Nippold Marilyn A. 
Published: July 2007

Purpose
Morphological analysis is the ability to use knowledge of root words and affixes to determine the meanings of unfamiliar, morphologically complex words. Beginning in the early elementary grades and continuing into the college years, it is a primary strategy that is used to increase one’s knowledge of difficult vocabulary. The purpose of this study was to investigate how well school-age children could use morphological analysis to explain word meanings. The study was also designed to examine individual differences in this domain in relation to children’s broader literacy skills.

Method
The ability of 50 typically developing sixth-grade children to explain the meanings of 15 low-frequency morphologically complex words was measured using a dynamic assessment procedure. Children were individually interviewed and were asked to define each word. As needed, varying degrees of adult scaffolding were provided. Children were also assessed for their word knowledge and reading comprehension.

Results
Performance on the dynamic assessment task revealed a wide range of skill levels in these children and was positively related to the children’s literacy levels. Although some children readily used morphological analysis to explain the meanings of unfamiliar words, others required greater amounts of adult scaffolding to be successful.

Implications
Suggestions are offered for ways to employ dynamic assessment to examine children’s ability to use morphological analysis as a word learning strategy.
Education and Training in the Drug and Alcohol Field, with Special Reference to Programs at Macquarie University
Authors: Krivanck Jara A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: A distinction is made between education and training. Education means that knowledge or information is gained. Training involves the acquisition of specific, usually practically oriented skills. Training and education often go hand in hand, but while it is possible to educate without training, training without prior education is difficult and never optimal.At Macquarie University, education and training aspects of drug and alcohol issues have been separated into distinct programmes, and individual courses within these are tailored to somewhat different target groups.
Professional Training
Authors: Hawks David V. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: The discernment and treatment of alcohol and other drug related problems, while continuing to involve those working in specialised agencies, will, if only because of the prevalence of such problems, need to engage the attention of professionals working in a variety of settings. For such professions to respond with competence and confidence to these problems will require that their training accord much more attention to these matters. Examples are given of initiatives being taken in Western Australia to ensure the“institutionalisation” of training in the addictions in a variety of professional and vocational groupings.