bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The glucocorticoid RU24858 does not distinguish between transrepression and transactivation in primary human eosinophils
Authors: Janka-Junttila Mirkka , Moilanen Eeva , Hasala Hannele , Zhang Xianzhi , Adcock Ian , Kankaanranta Hannu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundGlucocorticoids are used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Induction of eosinophil apoptosis is considered to be one of the main mechanisms behind the anti-asthmatic effect of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid binding to its receptor (GR) can have a dual effect on gene transcription. Activated GR can activate transcription (transactivation), or by interacting with other transcription factors such as NF-κB suppress transcription (transrepression). RU24858 has been reported to transrepress but to have little or no transactivation capability in other cell types. The dissociated properties of RU24858 have not been previously studied in non-malignant human cells. As the eosinophils have a very short lifetime and many of the modern molecular biological methods cannot be used, a "dissociated steroid" would be a valuable tool to evaluate the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in human eosinophils. The aim of this study was to elucidate the ability of RU24858 to activate and repress gene expression in human eosinophils in order to see whether it is a dissociated steroid in human eosinophils.MethodsHuman peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated under sterile conditions and cultured in the presence and/or absence RU24858. For comparison, dexamethasone and mometasone were used. We measured chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and Annexin 1 expression by flow cytometry and cytokine production by ELISA. Apoptosis was measured by DNA fragmentation and confirmed by morphological analysis.ResultsRU24858 (1 μM) increased CXCR4 and Annexin 1 expression on eosinophils to a similar extent as mometasone (1 μM) and dexamethasone (1 μM). Like dexamethasone and mometasone, RU24858 did suppress IL-8 and MCP-1 production in eosinophils. RU24858 also increased spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis to a similar degree as dexamethasone and mometasone, but unlike dexamethasone and mometasone it did not reverse IL-5- or GM-CSF-induced eosinophil survival.ConclusionOur results suggest that in human eosinophils RU24858 acts as transactivator and transrepressor like classical glucocorticoids. Thus, RU24858 seems not to be a "dissociated steroid" in primary human eosinophils in contrast to that reported in animal cells. In addition, functionally RU24858 seems to be a less potent glucocorticoid as it did not reverse IL-5- and GM-CSF-afforded eosinophil survival similarly to dexamethasone and mometasone.
Electrophoresis of proteins and DNA on horizontal sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels
Authors: Izzo Vincenzo , Costa Maria A , Di Fiore Renata , Duro Giovanni , Bellavia Daniele , Cascone Eleonora , Colombo Paolo , Gioviale Maria C , Barbieri Rainer 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An inexpensive Plexiglas apparatus which allows a simple and rapid preparation of horizontal polyacrylamide gels of different dimensions for different purposes, is described. Preparation of such gels is as easy and rapid as agarose gel preparation, and polymerized polyacrylamide gels are used to fractionate proteins or small DNA fragments using a common horizontal electrophoretic tank. This apparatus was used to electrophoretically fractionate proteins or DNA for immuno-blot analyses, particularirly in the study of the allergenic response to Parietaria judaica pollen in senescence, for Southern-blot hybridizations and in the study of DNA polymorphisms.
Effect of a lung recruitment maneuver by high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in experimental acute lung injury on organ blood flow in pigs
Authors: David Matthias , Gervais Hendrik W , Karmrodt Jens , Depta Arno L , Kempski Oliver , Markstaller Klaus 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Introduction
The objective was to study the effects of a lung recruitment procedure by stepwise increases of mean airway pressure upon organ blood flow and hemodynamics during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) versus pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) in experimental lung injury.

Methods
Lung damage was induced by repeated lung lavages in seven anesthetized pigs (23–26 kg). In randomized order, HFOV and PCV were performed with a fixed sequence of mean airway pressure increases (20, 25, and 30 mbar every 30 minutes). The transpulmonary pressure, systemic hemodynamics, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, organ blood flow (fluorescent microspheres), arterial and mixed venous blood gases, and calculated pulmonary shunt were determined at each mean airway pressure setting.

Results
The transpulmonary pressure increased during lung recruitment (HFOV, from 15 ± 3 mbar to 22 ± 2 mbar, P < 0.05; PCV, from 15 ± 3 mbar to 23 ± 2 mbar, P < 0.05), and high airway pressures resulted in elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (HFOV, from 3 ± 1 mmHg to 6 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05; PCV, from 2 ± 1 mmHg to 7 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05), pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (HFOV, from 12 ± 2 mmHg to 16 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05; PCV, from 13 ± 2 mmHg to 15 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05), and intracranial pressure (HFOV, from 14 ± 2 mmHg to 16 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05; PCV, from 15 ± 3 mmHg to 17 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05). Simultaneously, the mean arterial pressure (HFOV, from 89 ± 7 mmHg to 79 ± 9 mmHg, P < 0.05; PCV, from 91 ± 8 mmHg to 81 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.05), cardiac output (HFOV, from 3.9 ± 0.4 l/minute to 3.5 ± 0.3 l/minute, P < 0.05; PCV, from 3.8 ± 0.6 l/minute to 3.4 ± 0.3 l/minute, P < 0.05), and stroke volume (HFOV, from 32 ± 7 ml to 28 ± 5 ml, P < 0.05; PCV, from 31 ± 2 ml to 26 ± 4 ml, P < 0.05) decreased. Blood flows to the heart, brain, kidneys and jejunum were maintained. Oxygenation improved and the pulmonary shunt fraction decreased below 10% (HFOV, P < 0.05; PCV, P < 0.05). We detected no differences between HFOV and PCV at comparable transpulmonary pressures.

Conclusion
A typical recruitment procedure at the initiation of HFOV improved oxygenation but also decreased systemic hemodynamics at high transpulmonary pressures when no changes of vasoactive drugs and fluid management were performed. Blood flow to the organs was not affected during lung recruitment. These effects were independent of the ventilator mode applied.
Signatures of human regulatory T cells: an encounter with old friends and new players
Authors: Pfoertner Susanne , Jeron Andreas , Probst-Kepper Michael , Guzman Carlos A , Hansen Wiebke , Westendorf Astrid M , Toepfer Tanja , Schrader Andres J , Franzke Anke , Buer Jan , Geffers Robert 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Background
Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (TReg) are involved in the control of autoimmune diseases, transplantation tolerance, and anti-tumor immunity. Thus far, genomic studies on TReg cells were restricted to murine systems, and requirements for their development, maintenance, and mode of action in humans are poorly defined.

Results
To improve characterization of human TReg cells, we compiled a unique microarray consisting of 350 TReg cell associated genes (Human TReg Chip) based on whole genome transcription data from human and mouse TReg cells. TReg cell specific gene signatures were created from 11 individual healthy donors. Statistical analysis identified 62 genes differentially expressed in TReg cells, emphasizing some cross-species differences between mice and humans. Among them, several 'old friends' (including FOXP3, CTLA4, and CCR7) that are known to be involved in TReg cell function were recovered. Strikingly, the vast majority of genes identified had not previously been associated with human TReg cells (including LGALS3, TIAF1, and TRAF1). Most of these 'new players' however, have been described in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Real-time RT-PCR of selected genes validated our microarray results. Pathway analysis was applied to extract signaling modules underlying human TReg cell function.

Conclusion
The comprehensive set of genes reported here provides a defined starting point to unravel the unique characteristics of human TReg cells. The Human TReg Chip constructed and validated here is available to the scientific community and is a useful tool with which to study the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate TReg cells under physiologic and diseased conditions.
Organometallic Photoconductors: Dark and Photoconductive Studies on Ferrocene and Some of Its Derivatives
Authors: Chakraborty Aloke Kumar , Bhattacharjee Ashis , Mallik Biswanath 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dark conduction properties of ferrocenedicarboxylic acid have been studied as a function of voltage at different sample-temperatures by using sandwich type of cell configuration. The analysis of the results was based on the space charge limited conduction (SCLC) theory. The trap distribution in this material has been found to be exponential type as was observed in case of ferrocene and ferrocenecarboxylic acid. The dark activation energy (ohmic) of these ferrocene derivatives increases with the gradual substitution of –COOH group in the ferrocene ring system. In contrast to the nonextrinsic nature of ferrocenecarboxylic acid, ferrocenedicarboxylic acid has been observed to be extrinsic, similar to ferrocene. The photoconductivity in these materials was studied as a function of temperature and the intensity of exciting light source. The distribution of traps in these materials has been determined from the intensity dependence of photocurrent and these results have been compared with the results of dark conductivity measurements.
Proton Transfer in N-(2-Hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)-1-pyrenamine and N,N′-Bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)-p-phenylenediamine Crystals
Authors: Inabe Tamotsu , Luneau Isabelle , Mitani Tadaoki , Maruyama Yusei , Takeda Sadamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two kinds of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)aniline-type compounds, N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)-1-pyrenamine (NPY) and N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)-p-phenylenediamine (DNP), have heen prepared as members of the N-salicylideneaniline family and subjected to structural studies in the crystalline state. In NPY, the hydrogen in the intramolecular N···H–O hydrogen bond has been found to locate not only at the oxygen site, but also at the nitrogen site, even at 120 K. A similar hydrogen-bond structure has also been found for DNP. This is mainly due to the π-electron delocalization effect. The relative stabilization of the proton transferred form (NH-form) compared with ordianry N-salicylideneanilines has been clearly indicated by solid-state NMR measurements.
Proton Transfer Tautomerization in N-Salicylideneanilines upon Charge-Transfer Complex Formation. 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and 2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) Complexes of N-(2-Hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)-1-pyrenamine and N,N′-Bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)-p-phenylenediamine
Authors: Inabe Tamotsu , Hoshino-Miyajima Naomi , Luneau Isabelle , Mitani Tadaoki , Maruyama Yusei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
TCNQ and F4TCNQ complexes of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)aniline-type compounds, N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)-1-pyrenamine (NPY) and N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylmethylene)-p-phenylenediamine (DNP) have been prepared and subjected to structural and optical studies in the crystalline state. An X-ray crystallographic study indicates that the donors and acceptors are mixed along a one-dimensional column in all complexes. The intramolecular O–H···N hydrogen bond structure is sensitively changed upon complex formation; the hydrogen atom is located at the nitrogen site in TCNQ complexes and shifts to the center of the hydrogen bond in F4TCNQ complexes. The hydrogen-bond structure is found to vary with some correlation to the strength of the charge-transfer interaction.
Crystal Structures of the (Ethylenediamine-N,N′-dipropionato)(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Isomers
Authors: Sakagami Narumi , Yasui Takaji , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Ama Tomoharu , Kaizaki Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structures of the isomers (one α and two β) of [Co(eddp)(en)]+ were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Crystal data for -Δ(S,S)-α-[Co(eddp)(en)]Br·5H2O (1) are monoclinic with space group P21: a = 10.558(2), b = 8.523(2), c = 11.868(2) Å, β = 112.11(1)°, and Z = 2. Crystal data for (+)536CD-Δ(R,R*)-β(e-1)-[Co(eddp)(en)]Br·H2O (2-a) are orthorhombic with P212121: a = 11.809(2), b = 16.144(2), c = 8.340(2) Å, and Z = 4. rac-β(e-1)-[Co(eddp)(en)]Cl·H2O (2-b) is characterized in the triclinic space group : a = 9.084(2), b = 10.800(2), c = 8.337(1) Å, α = 99.37(1), β = 93.14(2), γ = 105.72(2)°, and Z = 2. rac-β(e-2)-[Co(eddp)(en)](PF6)·3H2O (3) crystallizes in the monoclinic (C2/c): a = 23.216(2), b = 11.980(2), c = 19.768(2) Å, β = 133.314(2)°, and Z = 8. Two β isomers (β(e-1) and β(e-2)) were found to be conformational diastereomers arising from a difference in the chirality around one of two asymmetric nitrogen atoms in the coordinated eddp ligand.
Oxygen-Transfer Reaction of the A-Type Molybdenum-Trisubstituted Tungstophosphate Anion Salt and Spectroscopic Properties of the Isolated Oxygen-Deficient Reduced Species
Authors: Kawafune Isao , Matsubayashi Gen-etsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The A-type trisubsituted, β-isomer of tetrabutylammonium 3-molybdo-9-tungstophosphate(3-), A-β-[NBun4]3[PMoVI3W9O40], reacted with triphenylphosphine in acetonitrile to afford triphenylphosphine oxide and an oxygen-deficient two-electron reduced species, A-β-[NBun4]3[PMoVIMoV2W9O39]. The reduced species was isolated and characterized by IR, 31P NMR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. The corner-sharing bridging oxygen atom in a Mo(VI)–O–Mo(VI) skeleton was eliminated upon the reduction, affording two Mo(V) ions in the polyanion moiety retaining the Keggin-type structure.
Factor F430-Like Catalysis of Ni(tmtaa) (tmtaa = Dianion of 6,8,15,17-Tetramethyl-5,14-dihydrodibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraazacyclotetradecine) for Reductive Dehalogenation of Alkyl Halides
Authors: Arai Toru , Kashitani Kimio , Kondo Hiroshi , Sakaki Shigeyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ni(tmtaa) efficiently catalyzes the reductive dehalogenation of alkyl halide, yielding alkane with either NaBH4 or NaBH(OMe)3 under mild condition. This system is considered to be a model of factor F430, the active center of the methyl coenzyme M reductase. Deuterium incorporation into the alkane suggests that the reaction involves not only an electron transfer, but also the nucleophilic substitution of a halide. The ESR spectrum of Ni(tmtaa)/NaBH4 shows the formation of the NiI species, which is probably a catalytic-active species.
Photocycloaddition of Deoxyuridines to 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene
Authors: Haga Naoki , Ishikawa Ichiro , Takayanagi Hiroaki , Ogura Haruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Direct and ketone (acetone or acetophenone)-sensitized photocycloaddition of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene to 2′-deoxyuridine (1a), thymidine (1b), 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (1c), and their 3′,5′-di-O-acetyl derivatives 1d—1f by near-UV irradiation have been studied. The triplet excited state of the nucleosides was found to be the major intermeidate by the triplet quenching technique. From the respective reactants, a pair of diastereomeric products having a cyclobutane ring were isolated. The absolute configuration of the bridgehead carbon atoms was identified by X-ray crystallographic analyses with two of them as (1R, 6R)-isomer 3a and (1S, 6S)-isomer 2b and by 1H NMR. The conformations of the glycosyl bond, the pyrimidine ring, and the sugar portion in solution were identified by 1H NMR and compared with the ones in the crystalline state.
Syntheses and Catalytic Activities of New Cytochrome P-450 Model Compounds. Effect of Peptide Chains
Authors: Ohkatsu Yasukazu , Watanabe Taiki , Goto Taiji , Wakita Mitsuaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As cytochrome P-450 model compounds with structures similar to heme proteins, we designed and synthesized novel porphyrin iron (III) chloride complexes, 11 and 12, which have three peptide chains (3PCs) and four peptide chains (4PCs), and evaluated their catalytic activities. The asymmetric porphyrin complexes are derived from etioporphyrin and peptide chains equivalent to proteins were provided by ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxy l-amino acid anhydride (l-Phe-NCA, γ-BLG-NCA, and Nε-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-Lys-NCA) initiated by amino groups on meso positions. The new asymmetric porphyrin complex, 11 or 12, was used for asymmetric epoxidations of styrene as is done by cytochrome P-450. The iron complex achieved the induction of asymmetry, although it has no special conformation, and gave S-styrene oxide in excess (ca. 60%ee). It was found, furthermore, that asymmetric induction was affected by the kind of amino acid residue, the number of peptide chains, and length of peptide chains.
Highly Conductive 1 : 1 Radical Cation Salts of Anthra[1,9-cd : 4,10-c′d′]bis[1,2]dichalcogenoles
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo , Ohnishi Akiko , Aso Yoshio , Otsubo Tetsuo , Ogura Fumio , Kawabata Kazushige , Tanaka Keiji , Mizutani Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Various radical cation salts of 2,3-dimethyl-tetrathioanthracene (DMTTA) and -tetraselenoanthracene (DMTSA) with NO3−, BF4−, ClO4−, PF6−, AsF6−, and Br− counter anions were prepared by an electrocrystallization technique. It has been found that these salts have either 1 : 1 or 2 : 1 stoichiometry depending on the volumes of the anions, but all are electrically conductive regardless of the stoichiometries. In particular, the NO3 and BF4 salts of DMTSA, in spite of 1 : 1 stoichiometry, recorded unusually high room temperature conductivities of 440 and 450 S cm−1, respectively, and had metallic behaviors down to around 200 K. In addition, the other salts were semiconductors with very low activation energies. X-Ray crystallographic analyses showed that the crystal structures of all the salts consist of one-dimensional stacking columns of the donor molecules, but the two metallic salts have more favorable uniform stacking columns in which there are not only effective π electronic interactions but also strong heteroatomic interactions. Furthermore, solid electronic spectra indicated that these 1 : 1 radical cation salts have the advantage of marked reduction of on-site Coulombic repulsion in the donor molecules, which serves to suppress a Mott transition.
Analyses of the Acid Dissociation Constants of Multisubstituted Diarylamines Measured in Solvents and Micellar System
Authors: Guo Ze-jian , Miyoshi Hideto , Fujita Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The acid dissociation constants of a number of multisubstituted diarylamines measured in an α-dodecyl-ω-hydroxyocta(oxyethylene) micellar system (log ) were compared with those measured in 50% (v/v) EtOH–water mixture (log ). The electronic effects of substituents on log values were similar to, whereas the steric effect of substituents was larger than, those examined previously on the log values. The acid dissociation constant of each compound was generally larger in the less polar (ε: ca. 28) micellar system than that in 50% EtOH–water mixture (ε: ca. 52). To understand this phenomenon, solvent effects on the dissociation constant of compound 37 as a model were examined. We found that compound 37 forms a hydrogen-bonded or proton-transfer complex with DMSO in CHCl3. The anionic form of compound 37 was favored in partition at a higher DMSO content in a DMSO–water mixture compared to the neutral form. These results suggest that contributions of such as hydrogen bonding and dispersion force are of primary importance regarding the effect on the acid dissociation of the series of compounds in the micellar system.
Crystal Structure and Conformational Analysis of 7,13-Abietadien-18-oic Acid
Authors: Okada Kenji , Takekuma Shinichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structures of title compound 1 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21, with a = 14.058(2), b = 11.911(1), c = 11.753(2) Å, β = 111.73(1)°, Z = 4. The structure identification was refined by full-matrix least-squares calculations to a final R of 0.054 for 2899 independently observed reflections. The crystallographic asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules with similar geometries and planar conformations. In each molecule, cyclohexane ring A has a typical chair form. Cyclohexene rings B and C, containing of two conjugated double bonds, have half-chair conformations. The relative stereochemistry for both molecules is trans fusion for the A/B ring junction [14.9(2) and 14.6(3)°], anti between C9 hydrogen and C10 methyl (steroid numbering), and coplanar for the B/C ring junction [5.7(2) and 3.5(2)°]. The dihedral angles between the mean plane of ring A and the carboxyl group are nearly right angles [74.6(2) and 86.2(2)°]. Thermal motion analysis in rigid-body approximation and potential energy calculations suggest that the isopropyl groups are more freely in these regions. The isopropyl C atoms had large thermal motions. The hydrogen bonds of carboxyl groups are rigid between two independent molecules.
Number and Structure of Solvolysis Intermediates. IV. The Phenolysis of 1-(p-Tolyl)ethyl p-Nitrobenzoate: The Mechanism via a Single Stable Ion-Pair Intermediate with High Selectivity for Nucleophiles
Authors: Kinoshita Tomomi , Shibayama Koichi , Takemoto Masaki , Takeuchi Ken’ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Optically active 1-(p-tolyl)ethyl p-nitrobenzoate (ROPNB) has been subjected to solvolysis in phenol where the solvolysis was previously found to proceed via a single stable ion-pair intermediate (Int-1) with high selectivity for nucleophiles, i.e., to exhibit the kinetic features expressed by the “B” pattern for the kp–kt profile. On the basis of the absolute configurations and the maximum rotations for the substrate and all of the products which have been chemically established, the stereochemical courses have been disclosed to be partial retention for ROPh formation (“retentive phenolysis”) and partial inversion for o- and p-RC6H4OH formation with predominant racemization in the solvolysis. These stereochemical outcomes indicate that the key intermediate (Int-1) which provides all of the products should have the structure of a carbocation ion pair shielded at the rear side by a phenol molecule (the rear-side shielded ion-pair intermediate) similarly to the key intermediates which are known for some other phenolysis systems. Consequently, the rear-side shielded ion-pair intermediate plays a key role regarding product formation in all retentive phenolysis systems.
Solvent Effects on the Rate of Heterolysis of t-Butyl Chloride, Bromide, Iodide, and 2,4-Dinitrophenolate
Authors: Mitsuhashi Tsutomu , Hirota Hiroshi , Yamamoto Gaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Rates of heterolytic decompositions of t-butyl chloride, bromide, iodide, and 2,4-dinitrophenolate have been measured by an NMR method in eight deuterated or undeuterated polar solvents; methanol-d4, ethanol-d6, dimethyl-d6 sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide-d7, acetonitrile-d3, pyridine, nitrobenzene, and acetone-d6. The observed solvent effect is discussed on the basis of cation and anion solvation. With t-butyl halides, the anion solvation due to hydrogen bonding by protic solvents drastically decreases on increasing the radius of halide ions, and thus the differential solvation transferred from anion-solvating methanol to cation-solvating dimethyl sulfoxide is dramatically reversed on going from the chloride to the iodide (kMe2SO–d6/kmethanol–d4 at 60 °C: t-BuCl, 5 × 10−2; t-BuBr, 6 × 10−1; t-BuI, 7). The 2,4-dinitrophenolate behaves like the iodide. Complicated products are obtained in the decomposition of t-butyl bromide in dimethyl sulfoxide; however, a mechanism involving a bimolecular decomposition process of the bromide is ruled out. During the decomposition of t-butyl iodide in dimethyl sulfoxide, an intermediate salt t-butoxydimethylsulfonium iodide has been detected. The salt decomposes to isobutene, but the process is much slower than the heterolytic decomposition of t-butyl iodide itself at ambient temperature.