bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Kartierung der Waldstandorte im Kanton Aargau | Mapping forest locations in the canton of Argovia
Authors: Stocker Richard , Dietiker Fabian 
Published: June 2007

More than 40 years work has gone into the publication of a 230-page plant-sociological and site mapping survey in the canton of Argovia. The article reports on the genesis and contents of this work. The 87 forest types in the canton of Argovia that are included in the list are described and commented on. The publication is addressed, above all, to forestry specialists who need acurrate economic and ecological information in order to reach informed decisions on forest management. At the same time it provides an important basis for further policies concerning nature protection, planning and environmental issues.
The fourth, application-oriented part of the book is especially noteworthy. Current themes, such as nature-friendly silviculture,afforestation on storm-damaged sites, susceptibility of forest soil, nature protection, areas where oak is cultivated,etc., are addressed and practical measures formulated to help and support forest managers in the often difficult decisions that have to be taken.
The corresponding site maps are available in digital form and provide, together with the overview, an important basis for sustainable forest management.
Zwischenevaluation des Wald-Wild-Management-Instruments (WWMI) im Pilotprogramm effor2 «Wald und Wild» | Preliminary evaluation of the Game-Forest-Management-Tool (GFMT) in the effor2 pilot programme «Game and Forest»
Authors: Eyholzer Roman , Baumann Martin , Manser Rolf 
Published: June 2007

Faced with the challenging task of balancing forest interests and wildlife, the Swiss Forest Agency initiated the pilot programme«Game and Forest», which is committed to a philosophy of goal-oriented management practice and a redesign of forestry subsidizing. Within this programme the diverse goals of forestry and hunting have been amalgamated to a superimposed goal and set out in a corresponding contract. The Game-Forest-Management-Tool (GFMT) has been divised to simulate the effect of various strategies to deal with the complex problems of forest-wildlife. Optimal contract-fulfilling procedures can be simulated on a PC using this technical tool.
The efficiency of the measures suggested by simulations that were carried out are being tested in a study area within the pilot programme, «Game and Forest». Half way through this trial, after two years, we can say that there has been no significant increase of non-browsed areas. In 2004, after the collection of data for the entire study area, we will be able to tell whether applying this computer simulated strategy truly leads to an augmentation of non-browsed area and a decrease in bark-peeled forests in the pilot area.
Mehrstufige Verjüngungskontrollen und Grenzwerte für die Verbissintensität | Comparitive regeneration control and limiting value of browsing damage intensity
Authors: Rüegg Dani , Nigg Heinz 
Published: June 2007

Storms such as Lothar often bring to light what has previously lain hidden in dark forests, thereby heightening our perception of problems in the realms of forest and game. Hunting and forestry measures can solve these problems and basic information is important in order to determine suitable measures. This is why regeneration control is called for after every storm to gather up-to-date information on forest regeneration and the influence of game. A collecting concept must include a supply of data from many levels.
In a first step, on the basis of a survey assessment, we ask whether the region under investigation is a problem area or not and regions are accordingly assigned to one of either category. In a second step, measurements are carried out on samples in chosen indicator areas. These indicator areas are between 30 and 50 ha and representative of the forest and game conditions of the whole. In this phase woodland plants are inventoried according to the vegetation period of the previous year and the dormant phase directly preceding the time of the survey in spring according to tree species, size and damage to crown shoots. In a third step, silvicultural reference plots of around 0.5-1.0 ha serve to evaluate the undertaken measures and to compare the silvicultural goals on the stand level. Silvicultural evaluation is best carried out for the proportion of tree species in increment and growth stages, as well as for the distribution of tree species over sylvicultural reference plots,although not for the number of stems, as fluctuation is high in natural regeneration.
Forstliche Planung – heute und morgen | Forestry planning: today and tomorrow
Authors: Bachmann Peter 
Published: June 2007

Changing demands upon the forest and the poor financial situation of forest enterprises in Switzerland led to the development of a new forestry planning concept around fifteen years ago. This concept introduced a clear distinction between planning at the level of the authorities and planning at the level of the owners. At the level of the authorities, and in agreement with land use planning and with the participation of the population,the regional forest development plan defines objectives, priorities and controlling mechanisms with which to ensure both public interests and the management of the forest. At the level of owners elements of strategic management are instrumental and should no longer require permission from the authorities. The interconnection between the two levels of planning is regulated by agreements pertaining to goods and services, projects, contracts and, if need be, also to the authorization for harvesting.
The introduction of the regional forest development plan was a success. Such plans have either been implemented or are being elaborated or prepared for over 80% of Switzerland's forested areas. The use of management techniques for planning purposes at the enterprise level has only just started, but has a promising future. In order to deepen and enhance the effect of these new forestry-planning tools on the landscape as a whole, appropriate research and teaching is required in the future, which is not presently ensured at the ETH.
Mutations et enjeux en forêt de Soignes: les années 1900 | Changes and stakes in the forest of Soignes around 1900
Authors: Corvol Andrée 
Published: June 2007

The rupture between sylvicultural and agriculturally exploited areas, the regression of semi-urban forests that lost their function as wood producers over the course of the 19th century, the wish to create green spaces for the leisure activities of the population – all these points help to explain the power exercised today by the decision-makers of forest policy, i.e. the elite of the city. The message emerged at the end of the century and was spread by the media from the side of the opposition. Public power was the target of environmental associations. The study examines the reasons for the support the latter managed to rally and the attention paid to them. It also analyses the way in which associations are able use this attention to their own advantage.
The study deals with the progression of the carrying themes including their reorientation and alteration. The associative result was considerable. The combined actions of public power and pressure groups helped the general population to take seriously the problems posed by urban extension to the legacy and history of the forest, particularly in Brussels. While the model might be suited to a capital it could be imprudent to impose it in other forests.
Upper and lower respiratory tract infections by human enterovirus and rhinovirus in adult patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Parody R. , Rabella N. , Martino R. , Otegui M. , del Cuerpo M. , Coll P. , Sierra J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe impact of human enterovirus (HEV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) respiratory tract infections in adult patients with hematological malignancies has been infrequently reported. We retrospectively studied 31 patients with an upper or lower respiratory tract infection (URTI/LRTI) by HEV (n = 18) or HRV (n = 15). At onset, a LRTI was present in 6 (33%) and 2 (13%) episodes of HEV and HRV infections, respectively, with or without an URTI. Progression to LRTI (pneumonia) from prior URTI was seen in 1 (6%) and 2 (13%) HEV and HRV infections, respectively. The presence of lymphocytopenia (<<0.5 × 109/l) was higher in LRTI by HEV: 4/5 (80%) versus 2/10 (20%) by HRV. Eight of 18 (44%) patients with immunosuppression versus 3/14 (21%) patients with no immunosuppression at the onset of respiratory infection developed a LRTI. Thirteen per cent of patients had associated respiratory infections from bacteria, aspergillus, or CMV. Pulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed in 20% of HRV infections. Three of 11 patients (27%) with a LRTI died, but pulmonary copathogens were also involved in all cases. In conclusion, HEV and HRV can be associated with LRTI in immunocompromised patients, although their direct impact on mortality is uncertain. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of high power ultrasound on EPDM gum in extrusion process
Authors: Yun Jushik , Isayev A. I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHigh power ultrasound treatment of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) gum in extrusion process was found to affect its structure and properties. In comparison with the original EPDM gum, the ultrasonically treated samples were found to contain some amount of gel with sol having a higher molecular weight, possibly due to chain branching. Gel fraction and dynamic properties of the ultrasonically treated gums and their vulcanizates were measured as a function of processing conditions. Measurements of the stress–strain characteristics, dynamic properties, and hardness of EPDM vulcanizates prepared after treatment indicated a possibility of controlling their properties by varying processing parameters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
The physical properties of hemofiltration module made from polyether sulfone hollow fiber membrane
Authors: He Chun‐Ju , Zhu Si‐Jun , Sun Jun‐Fen , Wang Qing‐Rui 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDifferent membrane forming conditions including solid content, spinning solution temperature, the pressure of internal quench medium, concentration of coagulation bath, and winding‐up velocity, etc. have different influence on the structure and physical properties of PES hollow fiber membranes prepared. Membrane properties i.e., void content and water flux decrease with increasing content of PES in the spinning solution. Water flux reaches a maximum while retention reaches a minimum when spinning solution temperature reaches 35°C. Water flux, inner and outer diameters increase and wall thickness decreases with increasing pressure of internal quench medium. Water flux reaches a minimum when the concentration of coagulation bath reaches 20%. The inner diameter of hollow fiber membrane increases and outer diameter does not change with increasing 1st godget velocity. The inner and outer diameters and membrane wall thickness decrease with increasing winding‐up velocity. The clearance of creatinine and urea reaches 92 and 86% respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Fiber and web formation of melt‐blown thermoplastic polyurethane polymers
Authors: Lee Youn Eung , Wadsworth Larry C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe goal of this research was to determine the fiber and web properties of melt‐blown (MB) thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) polymer as dependent on the MB processing conditions. The relationships between the MB fiber properties and the MB process conditions, such as the die‐to‐collector distance and the velocity of the MB TPU fiber in the spin line, were measured and estimated on the basis of the air velocity and air temperature, respectively. Consequently, this study provided fundamental guidelines of heat, air flow, and distance conditions of the MB process for the production of commercially acceptable MB TPU nonwovens. More specifically, the essential insight into the MB process was fundamentally valid for the MB TPU process; however, the inherent heat sensitivity of the TPU polymer brought more complexity at fiber and web formation than the conventional polyolefin MB process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Comparative photo‐oxidation under natural and accelerated conditions of polypropylene nanocomposites produced by extrusion and injection molding
Authors: Diagne M. , Guèye M. , Dasilva A. , Tidjani A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe photo‐oxidation behavior under natural and accelerated conditions of polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposite is studied in this article. The nanocomposites are prepared via simple melt mixing (extrusion and injection molding). The structure obtained is very dependent on the preparation mode and the modified clay used; mostly, exfoliation structure is produced. The nanocomposites start their photo‐degradation earlier than the control samples polypropylene and polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride with a higher oxidation rate for specimen produced by injection molding. This is explained by the presence of organiphilic‐modified montmorillonite layers that trap the oxygen, increasing the oxygen pressure in the bulk and leading to a decrease of the induction period. Contrary to the control samples that display auto acceleration in their oxidation kinetics, the nanocomposites show a slight tendency to a plateau indicating a slowing down of the photo‐oxidation process. This is ascribed to oxygen starvation that occurs in the nanocomposite. The acceleration factor is found to be higher for the nanocomposite comparatively of the control samples. With the aid of SF4 and NO treatments, the mechanism of photo degradation was found to be similar in PPgMA and its nanocomposites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Modification of high ortho novolac resin with diacids to improve its mechanical properties
Authors: İyim Tülin Banu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo improve the brittleness of high ortho novolac resins, at first, high ortho novolac resins (N) were synthesized and condensation reactions between N and flexible diacids such as adipic acid (DA4) and azelaic acid (DA7) were carried out with different amounts of diacids, in the presence of zinc acetate as catalyst, in toluene as solvent. To characterize the diacid‐modified resins (MN), FT‐IR analysis, TGA and DSC techniques were used. The morphologies of MN were also investigated. Moldings were prepared from the mixture of MN, fillers, and curing agent hexamethylenetetramine. Mechanical properties of these moldings were also determined. The results showed that high ortho novolac resin was toughened by the incorporation of flexible diacids in the polymer backbone and these modified resins can be used as a matrix resin of composite materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
A water‐soluble supramolecular‐structured photoinitiator between methylated β‐cyclodextrin and 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone
Authors: Wang Yuanlong , Jiang Xuesong , Yin Jie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA water‐soluble supramolecular‐structured photoinitiator (SSPI) was synthesized by supramolecular self‐assembling between methylated β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD) and hydrophobic 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (DMPA). The structure of SSPI was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, 1H NMR, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectra. The results indicated that MβCD and DMPA had formed 1 : 1 inclusion complex in methanol solution. The binding constant (K) for the complex was 7.51 × 102M−1. SSPI could be dissolved in water easily and its water‐solubility was 15.3 g/100 mL. SSPI was the more efficient photoinitiator than DMPA for the photopolymerization of acrylamide (AM) in homogeneous aqueous system. The conversion for photopolymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate system initiated by SSPI was similar to that initiated by DMPA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
In vitro monitoring of surface mechanical properties of poly(L‐lactic acid) using microhardness
Authors: Saiz‐Arroyo C. , Wang Y. , Rodriguez‐Perez M. A. , Alves N. M. , Mano J. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPoly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) was immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution at 37.5°C for distinct times. The variation of the surface mechanical properties of PLLA samples with immersion time was followed by microhardness. These measurements showed that PLLA microhardness decreased significantly (∼ 60%) after only 30 days of immersion. The results were explained in terms of hydrolytic degradation of the samples. The dependence of microhardness with the applied dwell time was also analyzed. The creep curves were successfully described by a power law. A decrease of the creep constant k as the immersion time increased was found. Differential scanning calorimetry was also used to analyze the changes in the physical properties of PLLA, namely in crystallinity degree (Xc) and glass transition temperature (Tg), as a function of the immersion time in SBF. A significant variation in the crystallinity degree of PLLA, initially nearly amorphous (Xc = 9%), was detected after only 3 days of immersion (Xc = 37%). The interpretation of this behavior was based on the hydrolysis process suffered by PLLA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
An in vivo Look at Vertebrate Liver Architecture: Three‐Dimensional Reconstructions from Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Hardman Ron C. , Volz Dave C. , Kullman Seth W. , Hinton David E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUnderstanding three‐dimensional (3D) hepatobiliary architecture is fundamental to elucidating structure/function relationships relevant to hepatobiliary metabolism, transport, and toxicity. To date, factual information on vertebrate liver architecture in 3 dimensions has remained limited. Applying noninvasive in vivo imaging to a living small fish animal model we elucidated, and present here, the 3D architecture of this lower vertebrate liver. Our investigations show that hepatobiliary architecture in medaka is based on a polyhedral (hexagonal) structural motif, that the intrahepatic biliary system is an interconnected network of canaliculi and bile‐preductules, and that parenchymal architecture in this lower vertebrate is more related to that of the mammalian liver than previously believed. The in vivo findings presented advance our comparative 3D understanding of vertebrate liver structure/function, help clarify previous discrepancies among vertebrate liver conceptual models, and pose interesting questions regarding the “functional unit” of the vertebrate liver. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL) Modulates the Expression of Genes Involved in Apoptosis and Cell Cycle in Human Osteoclasts
Authors: Rimondi Erika , Zweyer Marina , Ricci Enrico , Fadda Roberto , Secchiero Paola 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt has been clearly established that receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is a key cytokine involved in the differentiation of osteoclastic precursors of the monocytic/macrophagic lineage. However, relatively little information is available on the ability of RANKL to modulate the expression of genes controlling cell survival/apoptosis and proliferation in human osteoclastic cells in comparison to macrophages. For this purpose, CD14+ human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which express the cognate high affinity receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), were differentiated along the macrophagic or osteoclastic lineage by adding macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF) or M‐CSF plus RANKL in culture for 12 days. RANKL up‐regulated the expression of the chemokine MIP1α, which potentiates osteoclastic differentiation and simultaneously activated both anti‐apoptotic (Bcl‐2) and pro‐apoptotic (CIDEB, PYCARD, and BAK‐1) genes. Moreover, RANKL markedly up‐regulated cylin D2, while it significantly decreased the levels of cyclin A, cyclin‐dependent kinase 2, and other cyclin‐dependent kinases, in keeping with the notion that end‐stage osteoclasts are nondividing cells. Finally, a long‐term exposure of RANKL up‐regulated the adaptor protein TRAF3 but not TRAF6. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Peritoneal Mesothelium Covering the Genital Tract and its Ligaments in the Female Pig Shows Signs of Active Function
Authors: Yániz Jesús Luis , Recreo Pilar , Carretero Teresa , Arceiz Elena , Hunter R.H.F. , López‐Gatius Fernando 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the surface features of the peritoneal mesothelium covering the genital tract and adjacent ligaments of the sow to find signs of biosynthetic activation of cells. Surface features of the serosa covering the genital tract and adjacent ligaments from 14 cyclic sows, 7 in the follicular phase and 7 in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, were examined by histology and scanning electron microscopy. Five additional sows, three in the follicular phase and two in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, the presence of cells of the oviductal epithelium in the serosa of the infundibulum and the ampulla, as well as indications of a high functional activity of the mesothelial cells in the areas studied were two aspects that differed from the findings of previous works. Presence of endosalpingeal cells was observed in the serosal surface, showing cyclical variations with a predominance of either ciliated cells during the follicular phase or secretory cells during the luteal phase. Signs of high functional activity of the mesothelial cells included the predominance of cuboidal over flattened cells, a cytoplasm richly supplied with organelles, a dense microvillous coat, numerous primary cilia, and many secretory structures on the surface of cells. These results indicate that the serosa covering the genital area and the adjacent ligaments in the sow has an active epithelium whose coordinating role between reproductive tissues may be far more significant than previously thought. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Morphological and 13C NMR Study of the Extramandibular Fat Bodies of the Striped Dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba)
Authors: Maxia C. , Scano P. , Maggiani F. , Murtas D. , Piras F. , Crnjar R. , Lai A. , Sirigu P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe molecular and histological structure of the fat bodies covering externally the posterolateral region of the jaw of the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) was investigated by means of morphological and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The analyses of samples belonging to adult and juvenile individuals were performed with the aim of seeking the presence of age‐related differences. In our study, the level of isovalerate (iso5:0) in the extramandibular fat of the juvenile individuals is comparable with those of the adult counterparts; conversely, longer isobranched fatty acids were detected in lower quantities in the juveniles together with a higher degree of unsaturation. The morphologic analyses revealed that, in both adults and juveniles, this fatty tissue is similar to univacuolar adipose tissue. However, in the juveniles, a muscular component was present, whereas only in adult subjects, enlarged and irregularly shaped cavities may be seen within the adipose tissue. These cavities, structurally organized as veins, may regulate blood flow in response to changing water temperature and stabilize thermal gradient within the jaw lipids. These data suggest that the molecular components and the histological organization can indicate a maturation of the organ with age that probably may reflect different sound reception properties. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.