bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are present in cutaneous dermatomyositis lesions in a pattern distinct from lupus erythematosus
Authors: McNiff Jennifer M. , Kaplan Daniel H. 
Published: November 2007

Background:  Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are CD123‐positive dendritic cells (DCs) capable of producing interferon‐α (IFN). They are thought to play a role in anti‐viral immunity and the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus (LE). Given the histologic similarities between LE and dermatomyositis (DM), we evaluated the presence and distribution of PDCs in lesional skin of both diseases.Methods:  Twenty‐eight biopsies of DM and 27 biopsies of LE were labeled with antibodies to CD123 to identify PDCs. The presence and relative distribution of CD123+ cells was recorded.Results:  PDCs are present in LE and DM, albeit in greater numbers in LE lesions. Interestingly, PDCs are preferentially located in the epidermis of DM, and are primarily located in the dermis of LE.Conclusions:  Skin lesions of DM contain PDCs. Because PDCs are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of LE, this finding suggests that they may play a role in DM as well. The preferential epidermal localization of PDCs in DM suggests that their contribution to disease pathogenesis or maintenance in DM may be distinct from LE. Finally, although not pathognomonic, the different patterns of PDC localization in LE and DM may prove a helpful criterion for distinguishing between these two entities histologically.
Osteopenia and osteoporosis in adult baboons (Papio hamadryas)
Authors: Havill L.M. , Levine S.M. , Newman D.E. , Mahaney M.C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground  Little is known about the degree to which baboons, an important animal model in skeletal research, spontaneously experience age‐related osteopenia and osteoporosis.Methods  We measured bone mineral density (BMD) in 667 baboons, assigned T‐scores to older animals based on sex‐specific young adult reference groups, and compared reproductive history in older females with low BMD to those with normal BMD.Results  Approximately 25% of older baboon females were osteopenic. No females or males were osteoporotic. Neither parity nor interbirth interval spine clearly distinguished low vs. normal BMD groups. Intersite correspondence in low BMD was highest between sites in the same region rather than sites of the same bone type.Conclusion  As with humans, osteopenia is common among older females. The absence of osteoporotic animals may be due to colony maintenance resulting in truncation of the aged population and selection for healthier animals in the oldest ranges.
Barbiturate euthanasia solution‐induced tissue artifact in nonhuman primates
Authors: Grieves J.L. , Dick E.J. , Schlabritz‐Loutsevich N.E. , Butler S.D. , Leland M.M. , Price S.E. , Schmidt C.R. , Nathanielsz P.W. , Hubbard G.B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground  Barbiturate euthanasia solutions are a humane and approved means of euthanasia. Overdosing causes significant tissue damage in a variety of laboratory animals.Methods  One hundred seventeen non‐human primates (NHP) representing 7 species including 12 fetuses euthanized for humane and research reasons by various vascular routes with Euthasol, Sodium Pentobarbital, Fatal Plus, Beuthanasia D, or Euthanasia 5 were evaluated for euthanasia‐induced tissue damage. Lungs and livers were histologically graded for hemolysis, vascular damage, edema, and necrosis. Severity of tissue damage was analyzed for differences on the basis of agent, age, sex, dose, and injection route.Results  Severity of tissue damage was directly related to dose and the intracardiac injection route, but did not differ by species, sex, and agent used.Conclusions  When the recommended dose of agent was used, tissue damage was generally reduced, minimal, or undetectable. Barbiturate‐induced artifacts in NHPs are essentially the same as in other laboratory species.
The Exotic in the Later Middle Ages: Recent Critical Approaches
Authors: Strickland Debra Higgs 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis review of scholarly literature highlights recent methodological approaches to the problem of late medieval exoticism as viewed from both historical and postmodernist perspectives. Different identifications and functions of outside culture groups, imaginary beings, and attributes defined as exotic by Western Christian authors and artists are considered in light of related critical issues, including alterity, the body, monstrosity, identity, marginality, and gender. The review ends by posing a series of questions that suggest some possible paths for future research and teaching.
Willa Cather's West: The Question of Intentionality
Authors: Stout Janis P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe important revisionist work of recent decades on women's experiences and visions of the American West has sometimes implied an essentialist theory of gender, as if women's writings emerged inevitably, without conscious purpose of challenging male versions of the West, from the fact of their sex and their traditionally defined roles. Yet conscious critical intention also defines women's writing of a different, reconceptualized, and anti‐masculinist kind of Western. In the case of Willa Cather, we can readily infer a purpose of critique of prevailing modes of the Western from the novels themselves, but demonstrating such intent externally is more difficult, since Cather made relatively few public statements about her own writing. For this purpose, a recently re‐available letter (Cather to Elizabeth Shepley Sergeant, August 17, 1912; The College of the Holy Cross) provides important documentation.
Epistemic Intuitions
Authors: Nagel Jennifer 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe naturally evaluate the beliefs of others, sometimes by deliberate calculation, and sometimes in a more immediate fashion. Epistemic intuitions are immediate assessments arising when someone's condition appears to fall on one side or the other of some significant divide in epistemology. After giving a rough sketch of several major features of epistemic intuitions, this article reviews the history of the current philosophical debate about them and describes the major positions in that debate. Linguists and psychologists also study epistemic assessments; the last section of the paper discusses some of their research and its potential relevance to epistemology.
The Elusive Scope of Descriptions
Authors: Rothschild Daniel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSentences with more than one quantifier often exhibit ambiguities. For example, ‘Every miner went to a meeting’ has two readings depending on whether we take there to be one meeting that every miner went to or (possibly) different meetings corresponding to each miner. This paper discusses the theory that such ambiguities are directly akin to quantifier scope ambiguities in logic. Certain syntactic and semantic evidence suggests that with indefinite and definite descriptions, such as ‘a meeting’ and ‘the president’, these ambiguities are better understood in some other way, either as being due to quantifier domain restrictions or choice functions. This paper discusses the major considerations in this debate by way of an introduction to the type of research being conducted at the intersection of linguistics and philosophy of language.
The Social Construction of Race and Monacan Education in Amherst County, Virginia, 1908–1965: Monacan Perspectives
Authors: Haimes-Bartolf Melanie D. 
Published: November 2007

That's all you heard, everywhere we went, or whatever we done, “oh, he's one of those issues.” We couldn't work with white people, we couldn't be in schools with them, we couldn't associate with them, we couldn't eat [with them]. I think they came up with the slang word “free issue.” They had this hatred; they just had this ungodly hatred. They couldn't accept you as a human.At the prodding of Thomas Jefferson, the Virginia General Assembly in 1782 passed legislation that allowed slave owners to manumit their slaves by issuing slaves a copy of their emancipation papers and making them “free issues.” Nevertheless, in Amherst County, Virginia, the meaning of “free issue” evolved to connote something very different than it did at its inception for a small mountain community.
Applying Internet Geographic Information System for Water Quality Monitoring
Authors: Jankowski Piotr , Tsou Ming‐Hsiang , Wright Richard D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article explains the fundamental concepts of Internet geographic information system (GIS) technology and illustrates its capabilities using the example of water quality monitoring in San Diego Bay Watershed, California. Internet GIS technology has democratized public access to geographic data and information services, and software applications such as Google Earth provide millions of users with instantaneous access to digital geographic data and tools that, until recently, were only available to GIS specialists. In addition to making geographic data accessible to a large number of potential users, Internet GIS is also a technological vehicle for encouraging public participation in local decision‐making processes. Key developments of Internet GIS technology are highlighted. The links between Internet GIS and public participation are summarized and an application called Common Ground is described. Common Ground delivers data and information about water quality in the San Diego Bay Watershed to the public. The design, architecture, and capabilities of this Internet GIS application are discussed, and the lessons learned and the outlooks for future Internet GIS developments are evaluated.
Causality of Current Environmental Change in Tropical Landscapes
Authors: Young Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDisjunctions in scale, effect, and direction of forcing are characteristic of how global environmental change alters and interacts with landscapes in regards to land cover, ecosystem services, biodiversity, and sustainable land use. Many effects are subtle, indirect, or best characterized as thresholds, wherein change at first modest is followed by abrupt shifts in rate or mode. In the tropics, global climate and atmospheric processes are changing aspects of natural and utilized landscapes, with consequences already discernable for the practices and goals of land use and of biodiversity conservation. The coupled human‐biophysical systems are interconnecting in new ways through globalized movements of information, commodities, and people. An expectation of heterogeneity, asymmetries, and discordances in causality and repercussions provides a useful and holistic analytical framework to evaluate change in tropical landscapes and elsewhere.
Buzz‐and‐Pipeline Dynamics: Towards a Knowledge‐Based Multiplier Model of Clusters
Authors: Bathelt Harald 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article critically reviews the idea that regional prosperity and growth are heavily dependent on regional industry networks. In contrast with this view, a cluster approach is presented which emphasises both the need for close local networksandstrong extralocal or global linkages. The approach argues that local interaction or ‘buzz’ and interaction through translocal ‘pipelines’ create a dynamic process of learning, knowledge production and innovation that is central to understand a cluster's success. Based on a reflexive relationship between local and non‐local knowledge flows, this approach is interpreted as a knowledge‐based extension of regional multiplier models that have been intensively discussed in regional economics since the 1960s. The buzz‐and‐pipeline conception suggested here aims to overcome problems of these models by providing a microscale explanation of regional growth processes.
Comparison of multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and conventional cytogenetics as a diagnostic strategy for acute leukemia
Authors: PARK J. S. , YI J. W. , JEONG S. H. , LEE H. W. , KANG S. Y. , CHOI J. H. , KIM H. C. , PARK J. E. , KIM E. , LIM Y. A. , KIM H. J. , CHO S. R. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTo clarify the usefulness of multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRT‐PCR) in diagnosing acute leukemia, mRT‐PCR detecting 28 different translocations was performed on bone marrow aspirates of 156 patients with acute leukemia, and the results were compared with conventional chromosomal karyotypes. About 113 of 156 patients had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 36 had acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) with patients’ ages ranging from 1 to 84 (median: 34.5). Concordance rate between karyotyping and mRT‐PCR was 50% (51% in AML and 44% in ALL). Karyotype revealed chromosomal abnormalities in 70 patients (45%) while mRT‐PCR showed some aberrations in 59 patients (38%). mRT‐PCR detected t(1;19), t(4;11), t(9;11), t(10;11), t(11;19), t(12;21), and TAL1d, which were not detected by G‐banding. In addition, 10 patients with t(15;17), one patient with t(8;21), and four patients with t(9;22) detected by mRT‐PCR revealed normal karyotypes. However, mRT‐PCR did not detect numerical abnormalities, deletions, and translocations other than the 28 translocations included in the assay as expected. In conclusion, although it cannot be a substitute of the conventional chromosome analysis, mRT‐PCR could be a complementary diagnostic strategy of acute leukemia.
Theorizing Hyphenated Selves: Researching Youth Development in and across Contentious Political Contexts
Authors: Fine Michelle , Sirin Selcuk R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this article, we present social–psychological notions about critical consciousness, change, and power that we consider foundational to the study of youth under siege. Relying on Lewin's field theory and Du Bois’ dual consciousness, and critical psychology literature on sociopolitical understandings of conflict, we propose a new conceptual and theoretical framework that we call ‘hyphenated selves’ to better understand youth identity in and across contentious political contexts. Specifically, we report briefly on our own work with Muslim‐American youth in the US post‐9/11 and post–‘war on terror’ as a context from which we may reflect on a social psychology of youth identity and global conflict. At the same time, we want to think forward about critical methods for researching complicated subjectivities across politically and culturally contentious terrains.
Queer Theory and Its Future in Psychology: Exploring Issues of Race Privilege
Authors: Riggs Damien 
Published: November 2007

AbstractQueer theory is increasingly making an impact on the discipline of psychology in the UK and elsewhere, both in the form of those who explicitly use queer theory, and those who exhibit a queer sensibility. Yet, it has been suggested, queer theorising more broadly has largely neglected to account for its racial politics, an issue that holds ongoing relevance for its application across disciplines. In this paper, I outline six key areas requiring further attention in regards to the growing use of queer theory within psychology: (i) a greater recognition of the histories on which queer theory builds, (ii) an understanding of how racial hierarchies shape accounts of individualism and universalism, (iii) a continued focus on the operations of a racialised queer desire, (iv) an investigation of the implication of critiques of essentialism, (v) ongoing explorations of language use within queer theorising, and (vi) greater acknowledgement of tensions within queer community building. These six points provide new avenues of consideration for those already in the field, and will encourage those new to the field to explore its unnamed assumptions.
Eavesdropping on Health: A Naturalistic Observation Approach for Social Health Research
Authors: Mehl Matthias R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article provides an overview of a novel ecological momentary assessment method called the electronically activated recorder or EAR. The EAR is a portable audio recorder that periodically records snippets of ambient sounds from participants’ momentary environments. In tracking moment‐to‐moment ambient sounds, the EAR yields an acoustic log of a person's day as it naturally unfolds. As a naturalistic observation method, it provides an observer's account of daily life and is optimized for the assessment of audible aspects of participants’ daily social environments and interactions. The article discusses the EAR method conceptually and methodologically and identifies three important ways in which it can enrich social health research. Specifically, it can help cross‐validate research findings independent of self‐reports, calibrate psychological measures against behavioral markers of real‐world social functioning, and further our understanding of the role that people's mundane social interactions and language use play in coping and health.
A Review of the Study of the Political Status of Indigenous Peoples in the Global Context
Authors: Iyall Smith Keri E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature examining indigenous peoples in the global community. Recent studies tend to focus on one of three themes: definition of indigenousness, relationships with the state, and the role of indigenous peoples in the international governing structure. This paper will examine each of these themes. I begin by exploring definitions of indigenousness, looking at the differing definitions employed by the international governing organizations, indigenous peoples, and the academic literature. In the next section, I explore the relationship between indigenous peoples and the state. The indigenous–state relationship is dominated by the influence of the state. Indigenous groups reject this dominance, seeking freedoms from the state, disputing land rights, and using the weight of morals to motivate the state. However, the state structure itself might enable indigenous groups to attain freedoms and rights. In the final section, I explore discussions of the role of indigenous peoples in the international community.
An immunohistochemical and morphological analysis of post-chemotherapy ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Miller K , Price J H , Dobbs S P , McClelland R H , Kennedy K , McCluggage W G 
Published: November 2007

Aims:Traditional management of advanced ovarian carcinoma is surgical debulking followed by chemotherapy; however, there is an increasing tendency for neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. The morphology of ovarian carcinoma following chemotherapy often differs markedly from native tumour. This study aimed to compare the immunophenotype of post-chemotherapy ovarian carcinomas with that of untreated tumour.Methods:Post-chemotherapy ovarian carcinomas (n = 16) were stained with a range of antibodies. In six cases, pre-chemotherapy core biopsies were also stained; all were high-grade serous carcinomas. Antibodies used in the study were CK7, CA125, WT1, ER, PR, p53, p16, p63 and MIB1.Results:In eight post-treatment cases, there was minimal or no morphological response to chemotherapy, and in eight there was a significant response (in two additional cases, no residual tumour was identified). All pre-chemotherapy biopsies showed diffuse positivity of the tumour cells with CK7, CA125 and WT1. ER, p53 and p16 were diffusely positive in five, four and three cases respectively. One case was focally PR positive, and all were p63 negative. MIB1 staining was high; all but one case exhibited a proliferation index of >60%. Post-chemotherapy tumours exhibited a similar immunophenotype: diffuse positivity with CK7 in all cases and with CA125, WT1, ER, p53 and p16 in the majority, an immunophenotype in keeping with a serous carcinoma. All were negative with p63, and all but two with PR. The MIB1 proliferation index was lower in those cases exhibiting a significant morphological response, and p53 was less likely to be positive in cases with minimal or no response.Conclusions:The immunophenotype of post-chemotherapy ovarian carcinomas is very similar to that of native untreated tumours, illustrating that CK7, CA125, WT1, ER, p53 and p16 may be of value in identifying residual tumour cells and in subtyping the neoplasm if a pre-chemotherapy biopsy has not been obtained.
Expression and characterization of a metalloprotease from aVibrio parahaemolyticusisolate
Authors: Luan Xiaoyan , Chen Jixiang , Zhang Xiao-hua , Li Yun , Hu Guobin 
Published: November 2007

The extracellular zinc metalloprotease from Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPM) is a putative virulence factor for host infection. It is synthesized from the vpm gene of V. parahaemolyticus as a polypeptide of 814 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 89 833 Da, containing a zinc metalloprotease HEXXH consensus motif. To investigate the enzymatic properties of V. parahaemolyticus metalloprotease, the mature vpm gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli , and the recombinant protein (rVPM) was purified by a His-binding metal affinity column (>95% purity). The activity of the recombinant protease produced in E. coli was examined by gelatin activity staining and proteolytic activity assays using gelatin and azocasein as substrates. rVPM showed maximum activity at about 37 °C and pH 8. The cytotoxicity against flounder gill cells and fish pathogenicity indicated a potential role in pathogenesis.
Identification of a fibronectin-binding protein of Treponema lecithinolyticum by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and ligand binding assay
Authors: Lee Hae-Ri , Choi Bong-Kyu 
Published: November 2007

Treponema lecithinolyticum is associated with periodontitis and endodontic infections. As a critical early step in the infection process, fibronectin-binding protein (Fbp) is known to be involved in the adhesion of bacteria to cell surfaces for colonization and, hence, is considered to be a virulence factor. In this study, we identified an Fbp from the T. lecithinolyticum cell surface with a molecular mass of about 52 kDa by using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by a ligand binding assay. As T. lecithinolyticum is capable of binding to soluble and immobilized fibronectin, this Fbp may contribute to bacterial attachment to host cells.
Yersinia genome diversity disclosed by Yersinia pestis genome-wide DNA microarray
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Han Yanping , Li Yanjun , Guo Zhaobiao , Song Yajun , Tan Yafang , Du Zongmin , Rakin Alexander , Zhou Dongsheng , Yang Ruifu 
Published: November 2007

The genus Yersinia includes 11 species, 3 of which ( Y. pestis , Y. pseudotuberculosis , and Y. enterocolitica ) are pathogenic for humans. The remaining 8 species ( Y. frederiksenii , Y. intermedia , Y. kristensenii , Y. bercovieri , Y. mollaretii , Y. rohdei , Y. ruckeri , and Y. aldovae ) are merely opportunistic pathogens found mostly in the environment. In this work, the genomic differences among Yersinia were determined using a Y. pestis-specific DNA microarray. The results revealed 292 chromosomal genes that were shared by all Yersinia species tested, constituting the conserved gene pool of the genus Yersinia. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the microarray data revealed the genetic relationships among all 11 species in this genus. The microarray analysis in conjunction with PCR screening greatly reduced the number of chromosomal genes (32) specific for Y. pestis to 16 genes and uncovered a high level of genomic plasticity within Y. pseudotuberculosis, indicating that its different serotypes have undergone an extensively parallel loss or acquisition of genetic content, which is likely to be important for its adaptation to changes in environmental niches.