bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Changes the Prevalence of Serum Autoantibodies in In Vitro Fertilization Patients
Authors: Haller Kadri , Sarapik Aili , Talja Ija , Salumets Andres , Uibo Raivo 
Published: October 2006

Problem  Autoimmune mechanisms are involved in etiology of female infertility, the medical problem frequently treated by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with supraphysiological levels of sex hormones is achieved by IVF.Methods of study  Anti‐human‐ovary and eight common autoantibodies [nuclear (ANA‐H, ANA‐R on human HEp‐2 cell line and rodent antigen, respectively), smooth muscle (SMA), parietal cell, thyroid microsomal, mitochondrial, β2‐glycoprotein‐I, cardiolipin antibodies] found in IVF patients (n = 129) were analyzed with regard to the number of previous IVF procedures and the age of the patient. The changes in autoimmune reactions caused by the COH were determined.Results  Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome were associated with a higher number of common serum autoantibodies compared with the tubal factor infertility (Proportion test, P < 0.05). ANA‐R was associated with unexplained infertility [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.79, P = 0.038]. SMA correlated with endometriosis (aOR 37.29, P = 0.008), male factor infertility (aOR 20.45, P = 0.018) and with the previous IVF procedures (aOR 2.87, P = 0.013). There was an overall decrease in the number of detectible autoantibodies after COH (Proportion test, P < 0.05).Conclusion  COH may have a suppressive effect on the humoral immunity by the time of embryo transfer but more conclusive studies are needed.
Further exploring hip protector use
Authors: Tavener‐Smith Karen , De Vet Guy 
Published: October 2006

Objective:  To explore hip protector adherence in high‐risk older people. Methods:  In‐depth interviews were conducted with 14 older people (and/or their carers) discharged from hospital with hip protectors. Four outpatients were recruited to supplement numbers. Thematic analysis was carried out on the interview data. Results:  Hip protector use largely paralleled daily dressing routines, this contributed to periods of disuse and partial adherence. Another factor in abandoning hip protector use was a fatalistic view of an end of life stage, where injury prevention was not actively sought. Committed carers who demonstrated understanding and support were vital in encouraging ongoing use. Conclusion:  Daily routines of a lifetime, reluctance to change, and a readiness to endure the potential risk of hip fracture discouraged use of hip protectors. Family and carer support was vital for continuation. These findings can assist with strategies to improve adherence.
A near-zero velocity dispersion stellar component in the Canes Venatici dwarf spheroidal galaxy
Authors: Ibata R. , Chapman S. , Irwin M. , Lewis G. , Martin N. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We present a spectroscopic survey of the newly discovered Canes Venatici dwarf galaxy using the Keck/DEIMOS spectrograph. Two stellar populations of distinct kinematics are found to be present in this galaxy: an extended, metal-poor component, of half-light radius 7.8+2.4−2.1 arcmin, which has a velocity dispersion of 13.9+3.2−2.5 km s−1, and a more concentrated (half-light radius 3.6+1.1−0.8 arcmin) metal-rich component of extremely low velocity dispersion. At 99 per cent confidence, the upper limit to the central velocity dispersion of the metal-rich population is 1.9 km s−1. This is the lowest velocity dispersion ever measured in a galaxy. We perform a Jeans analysis on the two components, and find that the dynamics of the structures can only be consistent if we adopt extreme (and unlikely) values for the scalelength and velocity dispersion of the metal-poor population. With a larger radial velocity sample and improved measurements of the density profile of the two populations, we anticipate that it will be possible to place strong constraints on the central distribution of the dark matter in this galaxy.
Non coding RNA and brain
Authors: Presutti Carlo , Rosati Jessica , Vincenti Sara , Nasi Sergio 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Small non coding RNAs are a group of very different RNA molecules, present in virtually all cells, with a wide spectrum of regulatory functions which include RNA modification and regulation of protein synthesis. They have been isolated and characterized in all organisms and tissues, from Archaeobacteria to mammals. In mammalian brain there are a number of these small molecules, which are involved in neuronal differentiation as well as, possibly, in learning and memory. In this manuscript, we analyze the present knowledge about the function of the most important groups of small non-coding RNA present in brain: small nucleolar RNAs, small cytoplasmic RNAs, and microRNAs. The last ones, in particular, appear to be critical for dictating neuronal cell identity during development and to play an important role in neurite growth, synaptic development and neuronal plasticity.
Long-term consequences of arsenic poisoning during infancy due to contaminated milk powder
Authors: Dakeishi Miwako , Murata Katsuyuki , Grandjean Philippe 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a global health problem affecting many millions of people. The main source of exposure is drinking water contaminated by natural geological sources. Current risk assessment is based on the recognized carcinogenicity of arsenic, but neurotoxic risks have been overlooked. In 1955, an outbreak of arsenic poisoning occurred among Japanese infants, with more than 100 deaths. The source was contaminated milk powder produced by the Morinaga company. Detailed accounts of the Morinaga dried milk poisoning were published in Japanese only, and an overview of this poisoning incident and its long-term consequences is therefore presented. From analyses available, the arsenic concentration in milk made from the Morinaga milk powder is calculated to be about 4–7 mg/L, corresponding to daily doses slightly above 500 μg/kg body weight. Lower exposures would result from using diluted milk. Clinical poisoning cases occurred after a few weeks of exposure, with a total dose of about 60 mg. This experience provides clear-cut evidence for hazard assessment of the developmental neurotoxicity. At the present time, more than 600 surviving victims, now in their 50s, have been reported to suffer from severe sequelae, such as mental retardation, neurological diseases, and other disabilities. Along with more recent epidemiological studies of children with environmental arsenic exposures, the data amply demonstrate the need to consider neurotoxicity as a key concern in risk assessment of inorganic arsenic exposure.
Capacity to consent to treatment in patients with acute mania
Authors: Beckett Jonathan , Chaplin Robert 
Published: October 2006

Aims and MethodThis study aimed to determine the proportion of patients hospitalised with mania who had capacity to consent to treatment, to determine the predictors of capacity and to explore the relationship between detained status and capacity. Fifty in-patients with mania participated in a clinical interview to assess capacity.ResultsNineteen patients (38%) had overall capacity. Capacity was predicted by higher IQ, lower severity of manic symptoms and more episodes of depression; it was not related to voluntary or detained status. The domains of capacity were not hierarchical.Clinical ImplicationsMany patients hospitalised with mania have capacity to make an informed choice regarding treatment even when compulsorily detained. Their capacity should be reviewed frequently and measures adopted to enhance capacity.
Alternative uses for the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in otolaryngology
Authors: Hutchinson James C. , Caldarelli David D. , Faber L. Penfield , Friedberg Stanton A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCurrently there are many fiberoptic instruments available to the oto‐laryngologist. These include, in addition to the rigid endoscopes, the fiberoptic headlight, cable, indirect laryngoscope, nasopharyngoscope, flexible laryngoscope, flexible esophagoscope and flexible bronchoscope. Each possesses a certain unique characteristic to aid the otolaryngologist.For several of these, there are certain alternative uses. The purpose of this report is to discuss additional uses for the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in relation to the head and neck as it is the most versatile instrument.
Voice preservation in treatment of carcinoma of the pyriform sinus
Authors: Freeman Richard B. , Marks James E. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 175 patients having a histopathologic diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma of the pyriform sinus presenting between January 1, 1964 and December 31, 1973 was undertaken to establish the effectiveness of conservation surgery in preserving voice. Patients were treated by three separate methods: 1. preoperative radiation therapy, partial laryngopharyngectomy and radical neck dissection (PLP and RND) (N = 85); 2. preoperative radiation therapy, total laryngopharyngectomy and radical neck dissection (TLP and RND), (N = 57); and 3. palliation, which consisted of palliative radiation therapy alone or combinations of radiation therapy and chemotherapy or palliative surgery (N = 33). Of the 85 patients treated with the expectation of cancer cure and voice preservation (PLP and RND), 44 or 52% actually had their voice preserved. Of course, in none of the patients treated by TLP and RND was voice preserved, but 2 of the 33 patients treated palliatively retained ability to speak. Overall, 46 of 175 patients (26%) with carcinoma of the pyriform sinus were afforded voice preservation. The ability to preserve voice is correlated with stage and an analysis of operative complications is presented.
Glomus Vagale
Authors: Endicott James N. , Maniglia Anthony J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGlomus tumors or chemodectomas are unusual neoplasms of the head and neck. They are more prevalent in the jugular foramen and in the middle ear. Glomus vagale is very rare. To date, there are about 70 cases reported in the literature. Only two of the cases described occurred bilaterally.Two cases are reported here; one was diagnosed as having a bilateral glomus vagale. Radiation therapy was used in the treatment of one side in order to avoid bilateral vagus nerve damage.The incidence, diagnosis and management of glomus vagale tumors are discussed.
External rhinoplasty
Authors: Stone John W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe external rhinoplasty approach extends the usual marginal nasal incisions to include a notched transcolumellar incision. This maneuver enhances surgical exposure for the analysis and correction of all types of nasal bone, nasal septum and nasal cartilage deformities. Nasal septal perforation, nasal bone grafting and hypophysectomy my be operated upon through this excellent avenue of exposure.
The use of cromolyn sodium in the prevention of nerve degeneration in bell's palsy
Authors: Mcgovern Francis H. , Estevez José 
Published: October 2006

AbstractClinical use by inhalation of cromolyn sulphate, a mast cell degranulator inhibitor, within four days after the onset of Bell's palsy will prevent nerve degeneration and provide complete recovery within a range of two weeks. The successful administration of the drug supports our experimental concept of Bell's palsy as an immunological disease. The triggering action of the mast cell as a part of IgE antibody cell mediator system is postulated as the key role on controlling the neural edema.In this paper we contrast the difference in disease duration time and degree of recovery in a group of patients using high dose prednisone therapy and a group using cromolyn sulphate.
Influence of upper airway obstruction by enlarged tonsils and adenoids upon recurrent infection of the lower airway in childhood
Authors: Konno Akiyoshi , Hoshino Tadtahiko , Togawa Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe influence of hypertrophied tonsils and adenoids upon ventilation during sleep was evaluated by polygraphic recording before and after adenotonsillectomy. In all 19 cases, esophageal pressure during sleep was elevated as high as 4‐6 times normal. This was caused by nasal obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy and obstruction of the “oral airway” by hypertrophied tonsil and collapse of the tongue due to muscular relaxation during sleep. When minimal amount of contrast media was instilled slowly into the nasopharynx aspiration of the contrast media into the lung was found significantly more frequently in subjects with upper airway obstruction. Active aspiration of the secretion by marked inspiratory negative pressure during sleep may play a major role in causing recurrent infection of the lower airway frequently seen in these children.
Small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the larynx: Review of the literature and report of a case
Authors: Vrabec Donald P. , Bartels L. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe case study of a patient with small cell anaplastic carcinoma (oat cell) of the larynx is detailed and the literature is reviewed. Small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the larynx has been demonstrated to be histologically identical to small cell anaplastic carcinoma of bronchogenic origin. The aggressive biologic behavior of this tumor justifies managing small cell anaplastic carcinoma as a systemic disease. Because of early widespread dissemination of tumor, surgery or radiotherapy alone or in combination have not been successful in controlling the disease.The combination of radiotherapy with chemotherapy has been shown to be the most effective approach to the treatment of small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. We believe that a similar regimen should be considered the treatment of choice for small cell anaplastic carcinoma of the larynx.
Predicting failure to speak after laryngectomy
Authors: Volin Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPostlaryngectomy speech rehabilitation involves interactive psychosocial and physiological considerations. Progress may be facilitated by early identification and timely management of counterproductive factors. A retrospective review of patient records was conducted to identify salient factors in the rehabilitative processes of these patients. A method for using these factors predictively is proposed. Application of this procedure may result in improved efficiency of treatment and management of clinical resources.
Otolaryngologic and head and neck manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Authors: Marcusen David C. , Daniel Sooy C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently present with signs and symptoms referable to the head and neck. Three hundred ninety‐nine patients with AIDS presented at the University of California, San Francisco and its affiliated hospitals from 1980 to April 1984. One hundred sixty‐five patients (41%) with AIDS presented with, or had on initial evaluation, head and neck manifestations. Of that group, 58 (35%) had cutaneous, oral, and pharyngeal lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma; 51 (31%) had oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, or laryngeal candidiasis; 36 (22%) had chronic cough and shortness of breath; 13 (8%) had rapidly enlarging neck masses; and 7 (4%) had herpes simplex lesions.With the increasing number of cases of AIDS it is important for the otolaryngologist to be aware of these presentations.
Iowa cochlear implant clinical project: Results with two single‐channel cochlear implants and one multi‐channel cochlear implant.
Authors: Gantz Bruce J. , Tyler Richard S. , Preece John , Mccabe Brian F. , Lowder Mary W. , Otto Steve R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCochlenr implants have become a realistic alternative for the management of profoundly deaf patients. A variety of implants with differing electrode designs and coding strategies have been developed by nine major implant centers around the world. Each center has their “star” patient, but objective comparisons between these different implant designs are unavailable. In order to determine the performance characteristics of the present generation of cochlear implants, comparison data are vital. We have developed an independent center where uniform objective comparisons of different cochlear implants can be performed longitudinally. This report will present results of nine patients implanted with three different cochlear implant prostheses. Four patients have been implanted with the Los Angeles (House) single‐channel implant, three patients have received the Vienna (Hochmair) single‐channel intracochlear device, and two patients have been implanted with the Melbourne (Clark) 21‐channel unit. All patients have had 11 months or more of experience with their cochlear prostheses. The results of a comprehensive audiologic battery which includes audiovisual and environmental tasks are presented. All implants provide significant improvement in speechreading and sound awareness. The findings to date suggest that there is strong correlation between top‐down cognitive processing (as reflected by lip reading skills) and performance with cochlear implants.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the nasopharynx after previous adenoid irradiation.
Authors: Sofferman Robert A. , Heisse John W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn 1978, Prntt challenged the otolaryngology community to identify an incidence of malignancy in individuals who have previously received radium therapy to the nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissues. This case report is a direct response to that quest and presents a well documented adenoid cystic carcinoma evolving 23 years after radium applicator treatment to the fossa of Rosenmuller. Although a cause‐and‐effect relationship cannot be scientifically proven, the case history raises several important questions concerning the stimulating effects of radiation on the later onset of frank malignancy.
Airway interruption in encephalopathic children: A clinical and histological analysis
Authors: Eavey Roland D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSevere, incessant aspiration can be a most troublesome sequel to the already tragic problem of a vegetative mental state in a previously normal child. Three patients, aged 2 to 4 years, underwent surgery to treat their aspiration. A different type of procedure was used for each patient: cord closure combined with an epiglottic flap, cord closure alone, and a laryngeal stent. Laryngeal histopathology of a case is presented for the first time; findings suggest that the theoretical reversibility of that particular type of procedure could prove formidable. Clinically, the immediate cessation of aspiration has provided all parents and health care personnel with a surprising sense of gratification and has enabled each child to be transferred to a less‐costly care facility or to home.
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: A comparison of two techniques
Authors: Kimmelman Charles P. , Levine Steven B. , Shore Eric T. , Millman Richard P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo groups of patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were studied. Group I patients underwent en bloc resection of tonsils and palate with the line of excision less than 1.5 cm anterior to the uvula‐soft palate junction. Group II patients underwent tonsillectomy followed by palatectomy with a margin 1.5 to 2.0 cm anterior to the uvula‐soft palate junction. Only 1 of 7 patients in Group I was objectively improved, whereas 11 of 13 patients in Group II improved.We conclude that a generous resection of soft palate and tonsillar tissue is mandatory for success of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty procedures.
Effects of low humidity on the rat middle ear
Authors: Lovejoy Hugh M. , Frederick McGuirt W. , Ayres Paul H. , Wallace Hayes A. , Coggins Christopher R. E. , Sagartz John 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSecretory otitis media is common in the winter, and the possible risk factors are numerous. This study examines the effect of low humidity on the middle ear using a Sprague‐Dawley rat model: 23 test rats housed for 5 days in a low‐humidity environment (10% to 12% relative humidity) and 23 control rats housed at 50% to 55% relative humidity. Microscopic ear examinations were graded for otitis media with effusion (OME) before testing and on test days 3 and 5. The mucosa of the middle ears and eustachian tubes was examined histopathologically. Significantly more effusions were observed in the low‐humidity group on test days 3 (P = .003) and 5 (P = .01), but no intergroup histopathologic differences were noted. We conclude that a low‐humidity environment contributed to the development of OME in the test animals, and that low‐humidity warrants further investigation as a contributing factor in childhood middle ear disease.
Hearing research career development for deaf students
Authors: Brookhouser Patrick E. , Sullivan Patricia M. , Eccarius Malinda A. , Schulte Laura , Maliszewski Stanley , Madrigal Ruben 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne goal of the Americans with Disabilities Act is to enhance access to career opportunities for individuals with hearing loss. Hearing‐impaired professionals are woefully underrepresented among the cadre of scientists currently involved in hearing and deafness research. Information was obtained by questionnaire from 190 consecutive attendees (13 through 17 years of age) at a summer program for gifted hearing‐impaired adolescents regarding career goals, attitudes toward academic and extracurricular activities, educational placement, primary communication modality, and parental hearing status. A follow‐up questionnaire completed by 80 of these youth, presently attending college, provided comparison data regarding type of college attended and academic major. Males were significantly more likely to select majors in mathematics and science‐related disciplines. The percentage of college attendees majoring in the sciences was much lower than the percentage of high school students who aspired to a scientific career. Strategies for attracting qualified hearing‐impaired students into science majors should include educational efforts directed at students, parents, and academic advisors.
Histopathology and growth pattern of cystic acoustic neuromas
Authors: Charabi Samih , Klinken Leif , Tos Mirko , Thomsen Jens 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn a series of 571 acoustic neuromas, 23 were identified as cystic tumors. An immunohistochemical study including nervous system‐associated protein (S‐100), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament protein (NF), laminin, fibronectin, vi‐mentin, factor VIII (von Willebrand factor)–related antigen, and the nuclear antibody Ki‐67 was performed. The cyst walls contained numerous S‐100‐positive fibrils distributed throughout the whole extent of the walls. Laminin, fibronectin, and vi‐mentin were predominantly located around the vessel walls, factor VIII was found inside the vessels. GFAP‐positive lamellae occurred in 50% of the cases near the surface of the cyst walls. Ki‐67 is an antigen associated with cell proliferation. The density of Ki‐67–positive cells was found to be 36 times lower in 16 noncystic controls than in the 23 cystic neuromas, indicating that the increase in tumor size in cystic acoustic neuromas may be caused by expansion of the cysts and not by an actual increase in the growth rate of the tumor cells.The data achieved in this series may contribute to better planning of the surgical approach. Because of the risk of sudden expansion of cystic elements, a wait‐and‐see policy should not be applied to patients with cystic acoustic neuromas.