bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Examination of the Flexor Tendons of the Fingers
Authors: Khaleghian Rowshan , Lee Jimmy P. K. , Tonkin L. J. , De Geus J. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbstract: Static ultrasound was used to examine the cross‐sectional anatomy of the fingers principally to determine the feasibility of demonstrating the normal anatomy of the flexor tendons and also to investigate the possibility of showing pathological anatomy. The study showed that normal and pathologic anatomy of the flexor tendons could be easily demonstrated using the available ultrasound equipment. The exact clinical usefulness and the role of this new procedure awaits further clinical studies with surgical and pathological correlation. Indexing Words: Flexor tendons Fingers · Ultrasound.
Range ambiguity in pulsed doppler ultrasound: The ambiguity clarified?
Authors: Jawad Ibrahim A. , Taylor Marianne L. , Pruitt‐Hudson Freida , Sohn Young Ho 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPulsed Doppler ultrasound (PW) can be used to determine the location of frequency shifts within the cardiac chambers or great vessels. However, it is possible to record similar frequency shifts at sample volume locations distal to their original site; this is referred to as range ambiguity (RA). Eleven patients were studied with combined Doppler and two‐dimensional echocardiography (2‐D) to determine the circumstances in which RA occurs. Mapping of various flow patterns with PW was performed in each of four 2‐D views beginning at 2 cm distance from the transducer and at subsequent 1‐cm intervals until the maximal range of the PW was achieved. Range ambiguity was demonstrated only in the four‐chamber view in patients with enlarged cardiac chambers or if an abnormal flow pattern was present. The site of origin of the ambiguous signals was dependent on the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) employed. Range ambiguity occurs more often when a relatively high PRF is used. Range ambiguity may be used for mapping of abnormal flow beyond the range of PW or for recording of high velocities at sample volumes far from the transducer without frequency aliasing.
Sonography of adrenal glands in neonates and children: Changes in appearance with age
Authors: Kangarloo Hooshang , Diament Michael J. , Gold Richard H. , Barrett Cynthia , Lippe Barbara , Geffner Mitchell , Boechat M. Ines , Dietrich Rosalind B. , Amundson Gary M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sonographic appearance of the normal adrenal gland in children varies with age. In newborns, the cortex is large and hypoechoic, whereas the medulla is relatively small and hyperechoic. With increasing age, the cortex becomes smaller and the medulla relatively larger. The cortex remains hypoechoic and the medulla hyperechoic until age 5–6 months, by which time the gland has become hyperechoic and smaller, with poor or absent sonographic differentiation between cortex and medulla. After 1 year of age, the appearance of the gland is similar to that of the adult gland, with straight or concave borders and a hypoechoic character.
Fetal thigh circumference: A critical evaluation of its relationship to menstrual age
Authors: Deter Russell L. , Warda Ahmed , Rossavik Ivar K. , Duncan Greg , Hadlock Frank P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo provide standards for evaluating fetal thigh circumference measurements obtained with ultrasound, a study of the growth of this parameter during pregnancy was made. Because of possible sampling problems before 22 weeks (menstrual age), this investigation was limited to the 22–40 week time period. Regression analysis indicated that the optimal model (R2 = 88.9%) for describing thigh circumference (ThC) growth was a power function. ThC variability increased with menstrual age, from 1.3 cm at 22 weeks to 3.1 cm at 40 weeks. These data were used to construct a standard growth curve for the ThC.
Cysts in pregnancy discovered by sonography
Authors: Nelson Martin J. , Cavalieri Ralph , Graham David , Sanders Roger C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of cysts in pregnancy was established with ultrasound. In 3,330 pregnant patients who underwent sonography, 38 adnexal cystic lesions (1.14%) were found. All but two cysts were discovered before 16 weeks. Follow‐up showed that the majority of the cystic lesions resolved spontaneously; these were presumed to represent corpus luteum cysts. Five patients underwent surgery because of persistent cystic lesions; a mucinous cystadenoma, a benign cystic teratoma, a paraovarian cyst, an inclusion cyst, and a tuboovarian abscess were found. Septations and echogenic material were seen within the cystic teratoma and the tuboovarian abscess but the sonographic features of the other operated lesions were identical to those seen in the corpus luteum cysts.
Ruptured uterus: Sonographic diagnosis
Authors: Bedi Deepak G. , Salmon Ann , Winsett Mary Z. , Fagan Charles J. , Kumar Rajendra 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSonography was able to suggest a diagnosis of uterine rupture by demonstrating intra‐ or extraperitoneal hematoma in the correct clinical setting. A pelvic abscess complicating a uterine rupture was seen in one case. Previous uterine scar, use of prostaglandins for induction of labor, trauma with a currette, and cornual pregnancy were the implicated etiologic factors. Although the rupture site was never directly visualized by sonography, the combination of sonographic and clinical findings was strongly suggestive of the correct diagnosis.
Clinical experience with intraoperative Doppler color flow imaging in hepatectomy
Authors: Sukigara Minoru , Koga Kazumi , Komazaki Toshiro , Omoto Ryozo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReal‐time two‐dimensional Doppler echography (2‐D Doppler), which permits both structural and blood flow evaluations simultaneously, was applied during hepatectomy in three cases. Intrahepatic portal flow was observed in one case both before and after Pringle's maneuver. Hemihepatic blood flow interruption, which was guided by 2‐D Doppler imaging, was tried in two cases. Extrahepatic blood flow was also detected easily with 2‐D Doppler techniques. This approach is useful for both anatomic and hemodynamic evaluation during hepatic surgery.
Ultrasonography of the acute scrotum
Authors: Martin Brigitte , Conte Jacqueline 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe acute scrotum remains a difficult clinical challenge because of numerous etiologies including inflammatory processes, testicular torsions, traumas, and tumors that can justify early surgery. Ultrasound study appears to be the imaging modality of choice to confirm the clinical assessment. We reviewed 825 scrotal scans performed with high‐resolution scanners; 283 were considered pathologic and classified as follows: 27 tumors (9.5%), 21 traumas including torsions (7.4%), 142 infectious diseases (50.1%), 99 dystrophic diseases (29.2%), and 16 miscellaneous (5.6%). Acute scrotal pain was the only symptom in 83 cases (29.3%). In this paper, we emphasize the different roles of ultrasound depending on the initial clinical presentation, which determines the clinician's questions. In the typical cases, ultrasound has a major role in the prognosis, as it allows evaluation of the severity of the lesions. On the other hand, in atypical cases, ultrasound has a decisive role in planning the management, which will be immediate surgery when sonographic findings highly suspicious for testicular torsion or acute ischemia of the testis are found. Based on our experience, we believe that ultrasound is a highly reliable modality for guiding medical or surgical treatment of an acute scrotum.
Ultrasound findings in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: A prospective study
Authors: Worlicek H. , Lutz H. , Heyder N. , Matek W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a prospective study, 118 patients with Crohn's disease, 51 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 72 patients with no disease of the intestine proximal to the rectum were evaluated by ultrasound. In Crohn's disease, thickening of the bowel wall and inflammatory masses were detected in 72.08 of the patients. With a transducer having optimal imaging properties in the near range, these findings were detected in 87.2% of a group of 47 patients. In ulcerative colitis, bowel wall thickening was detected in 52.9% of all patients. Thickening of the bowel wall was more marked in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis. Most pathologic findings in Crohn's disease were located in the right lower abdomen, whereas those in ulcerative colitis were in the left abdomen, in particular in the lower quadrant. The frequency of wall thickening was correlated to the activity of the disease in ulcerative colitis but not in Crohn's disease. Considerably increased wall thickness, when localized in the right lower quadrant and found in combination with inflammatory masses or an abscess, suggests Crohn's disease.
Sonographic detection of interstitial pregnancy
Authors: Jafri Syed Zafar Hasan , Loginsky Stephan J. , Selis James E. , Bouffard J. Antonio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInterstitial pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy that carries a higher morbidity and mortality than other tubal pregnancies. The sonographic findings in 11 cases of proven interstitial pregnancy were reviewed and compared with 12 cases published thus far. An ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed in all cases, and an interstitial location was suspected in five cases preoperatively. An eccentrically located gestational sac surrounded by an asymmetric myometrial mantle and a separate empty uterine cavity with endometrial echoes were the most common findings in our cases. When an interstitial pregnancy is suspected by sonography, confirmation by laparoscopy is recommended.
Ultrasonographic differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic liver cancer
Authors: Yoshida Takanobu , Matsue Hiroto , Okazaki Nobuo , Yoshino Masahiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonographic features of tumor nodules in 64 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 87 with metastatic liver cancer were analyzed for differential diagnosis. Sonographic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma were the mosaic, posterior echo enhancement, and lateral shadow patterns, which were rarely observed in metastatic liver cancers. Small hepatocellular carcinomas, less than 3 cm in diameter, showed a hypoechoic pattern. Metastatic liver cancers originating from the gastrointestinal tract were frequently hyperechoic irrespective of their size and the bull's‐eye‐like pattern was specific for metastases from the lung. These results indicate that ultrasonography is useful for the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer.
Sonographic investigation of the uterus during artificial uterine cavity distention
Authors: van Roessel Jeroen , Wamsteker Kees , Exalto Niek 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe improvement of sonographic examination of the uterus during artificial uterine cavity distention was studied in 30 consecutive patients in whom a hysteroscopy was indicated. In 10 of 21 patients with a normal sonographic appearence of the uterus, after filling the uterine cavity with Hyskon, various pathologic conditions became visible. In 5 of 9 patients with abnormal sonographic appearance of the uterus, the procedure enabled a more precise diagnosis concerning localization of abnormal echoes in the uterus. The advantage of this method was clearly demonstrated in cases of central echogenic structures, congenital uterine anomalies, myoma's, synechiae, and corpora aliena.
Peripheral arterial duplex scanning
Authors: Moneta Gregory L. , Strandness D. Eugene 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent improvements in duplex ultrasound technology now permit the application of duplex ultrasound to the assessment of arterial occlusive disease from the level of the aorta to the popliteal trifurcation. In our laboratory we have developed duplex waveform criteria for classifying peripheral arterial stenosis into one of five categories: normal, 1%–19% stenosis, 20%–49% stenosis, 50%–99% stenosis and occlusion. When prospectively compared with angiography the duplex examination has a 77% sensitivity and a 98% specificity in determining the presence of a hemody–namically significant lesion (>50% stenosis). The examination can be used clinically to give hemodynamic information about specific arterial lesions, as a screening procedure prior to angiography or angioplasty and as a means of following the results of peripheral arterial surgery and dilatations.
Duplex Doppler examination of the liver and portal venous system
Authors: Koslin D. Bradley , Berland Lincoln L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuplex Doppler scanning has many applications in the evaluation of the liver and the portal venous system. It can be a useful adjunct to real‐time sonographic identification of normal and variant anatomy, and lesion detection in the liver and porta hepatis. It is able to document both portal venous thrombosis and portal venous hypertension. It plays an important role in the pre‐ and postoperative assessment of patients undergoing portosystemic shunts or liver transplants. It allows the observation and measurement of portal venous systemic physiologic responses. In addition to the above applications, duplex Doppler scanning's future potential, including full‐field color Doppler imaging, is discussed.
A prospective study of the efficacy of B‐scan sonography in the detection of deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities
Authors: O'Leary Daniel H. , Kane Robert A. , Chase Brenda M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBetween 1 July and 31 December, 1985, 53 patients, clinically suspected of having deep venous thrombosis (DVT), were prospectively studied by B‐scan ultrasound prior to lower‐limb venography. Criteria for a positive ultrasound examination included visualization of frank clot, failure of the vein to collapse with compression, and absence of normal phasic flow with pulse Doppler sampling. All (100%) of the contrast venograms were considered of diagnostic quality. Fifty of the 53 ultrasound examinations (94%) were considered diagnostic. Of the 50 patients having venous ultrasound of diagnostic quality, contrast venography was positive in 25 and negative in 25 for DVT. Venous ultrasound was correct in 46 patients, for an accuracy of 92% (46/50). Sensitivity was 88% (22/25), specificity was 96% (24/25), the positive predictive value was 96% (22/23), and the negative predictive value was 89% (24/27). The single most useful sign of thrombosis in ultrasound examinations was the failure of the involved vein to collapse with compression. Venous ultrasound appears to be highly accurate in the detection of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity.
Estimated fetal weight: Applicability to small‐ and large‐for‐gestational‐age fetus
Authors: Miller Joseph M. , Kissling Grace A. , Brown Haywood L. , Gabert Harvey A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonic formulas using femur length and abdominal circumference with or without biparital diameter were found to be highly accurate in predicting the weight of normal‐sized term infants. The small‐for‐gestational age fetus, however, was overestimated and the large‐for‐gestational‐age fetus was underestimated. The fetal weight formulas tested that were appropriate for the entire study group were not applicable to those fetuses having altered growth.
Ultrasound scanning as a screening technique for hydatidosis in developing countries
Authors: Martin Gaston A. Saint , Larrieu Edmundo , Chiesa Juan C. , Dapcich Carlos , Martinez Emma 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study presents new evidence as to the usefulness of ultrasound scanning in field conditions, to screen out hydatidosis in endemic areas, and to compare its detection capability with serological methods. It also intends to demonstrate that for an efficient rural ultrasound screening, neither an experienced ultra sonographer nor expensive and sophisticated equipment is necessary. it can be done by suitably trained personel (eg, nurse, public health worker), using basic equipment, without public health instalations or electricity, thus making it a feasible, simple, fast, and cheap screening method for hydatidosis.
Ultrasonography of rotator cuff tears: A review of 500 diagnostic studies
Authors: Crass Jeffrey R. , Craig Edward V. , Feinberg Samuel B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonography of the rotator cuff has been shown to be of value in diagnosing rotator cuff tears. This report summarizes our experience with our first 500 diagnostic examinations.All patients were examined in the hyperextended internal rotation view with commercially available high‐resolution real‐time ultrasound equipment. Patients were diagnosed as having a rotator cuff tear if a focal echogenic lesion or a defect within the rotator cuff was identified.This study confirmed the value of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity all exceeded 90%, and correlated with surgical findings. This was better than arthrography in the same patient population.Ultrasound is an accurate noninvasive method of examining the rotator cuff for the presence of tears. We suggest that rotator cuff ultrasonography is the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of tears if adequate instrumentation is available.
Significance of scrotal calcifications detected by sonography
Authors: Martin Brigitte , Tubiana Jean‐Michel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA total of 468 patients were evaluated using a high‐resolution scanner with a high‐frequency transducer. Scrotal calcifications were diagnosed by sonographic criteria in 22 patients. Size, number, arrangement, and especially location (testicular or extratesticular) were precisely determined.Calcifications, located within testicular parenchyma, particularly if multiple and grouped, were considered highly suspicious for malignancy, and surgery was mandatory. Based on these sonographic features, 9 patients underwent surgery with pathological examination.In all, calcifications were confirmed and found in 4 necrotic germ‐cell tumors, in a germ‐cell tumor scar but with intratubular occult seminoma, in 1 epidermoid testicular cyst, in 1 tuberculous epididymo‐orchitis, in 1 granulomatous orchitis, and at last, in 1 ruptured testis with an old hematoma. In the 13 remaining patients, calcification was usually defined as solitary, large, and extratesticular by sonography and considered benign. No changes were seen in follow‐up examinations.
Fetal atrial arrhythmias associated with redundancy/aneurysm of the foramen ovale
Authors: Stewart Patricia A , Wladimiroff Juriy W 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal arrhythmia was investigated in 148 fetuses. Eight of these fetuses displayed signs of redundancy/aneurysm of the foramen ovale, all in combination with various atrial arrhythmias. At presentation 4 (50%) of these fetuses had mild to moderate congestive cardiac failure and a 5th fetus developed mild cardiac failure four weeks after observation of the aneurysm.All fetuses survived, but 2 fetuses required early delivery because of the cardiac failure. Unnecessary morbidity resulting from the possible development of cardiac failure may be prevented by regular monitoring in these cases.
Transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility
Authors: Itskovitz Joseph , Boldes Rafael , Levron Jacob , Thaler Israel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in the management of infertility is gaining increasing popularity. The improved resolution and better tissue textural differentiation afforded by TVS makes this technique useful in monitoring ovarian follicular growth, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation, and in evaluating the normal anatomy of the uterus and the cervix and their cyclic response to ovarian steroids. Adnexal and cul‐de‐sac abnormalities related to infertility can also be identified. TVS‐guided procedures can be accurately and safely performed; transvaginal follicular aspiration, gamete or embryo transfer to the Fallopian tube, and fetal reduction are just a few of the procedures recently introduced to reproductive medicine.
Sonoembryology: An organ‐oriented approach using a high‐frequency vaginal probe
Authors: Timor‐Tritsch Ilan E. , Peisner David B. , Raju Sashikala 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFirst trimester gestations of 95 patients were studied by high‐frequency transvaginal sonography, which permits the imaging of organs shortly after their development. This new technique has great potential for clinical implementation in such cases as accurate gestational dating and malformation workup.
Transvaginal sonographic measurement of fetal kidneys in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Bronshtein M. , Kushnir O. , Ben‐Rafael Z. , Shalev E. , Nebel L. , Mashiach S. , Shalev J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal renal size late in the first trimester of pregnancy was evaluated by transvaginal ultrasonography in 50 patients not at risk for congenital kidney disease and whose pregnancies resulted in a normal outcome. Both kidneys were reliably identified in all patients scanned at 12 weeks, 13 weeks, and 14 weeks, menstrual age. Kidney diameter measurements obtained in this study are presented for reference in evaluating patients in late first trimester whose fetuses are at risk for kidney abnormalities.
The role of transvaginal sonography in chorionic villi sampling
Authors: Popp L. W. , Ghirardini G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVaginosonography has the potential of improving not only accurate diagnosis preceeding chorionic villus sampling but also the sampling procedure itself. The vaginosonographic diagnostic landmarks of early pregnancies are the contact area between the amnion and the chorion, the insertion of the umbilical cord, the yolk sac and the decidua‐trophoblast complex. The occurrence of a “Swiss‐cheese‐pattern” in the latter structure is a strong hint for an unfavourable outcome of early pregnancy. Vaginosonographically guided puncture is a promising approach for chorionic villus biopsy. The punturing facilities are firmly attached to the high resolution vaginal ultrasound probe. Thus, precise ultrasound‐guided puncture penetrating the vaginal skin and the uterine wall in the shortest possible distance has become possible.
Placenta previa—is the traditional diagnostic approach satisfactory?
Authors: Farine Dan , Peisner David B. , Timor‐Tritsch Ilan E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe accuracy of the diagnosis of placenta previa using transvaginal sonography (TVS) was compared to that of the traditional transabdominal sonography (TAS). Seventy seven women were scanned by both methods and each sonographic diagnosis was compared to the placental location at delivery. TVS was superior to TAS in diagnosing placenta previa and invariably correct in ruling it out. TVS (and TAS) failed to predict the placental location at delivery only in women diagnosed as having marginal placenta previa prior to 35 weeks gestation. The use of the vaginal probe significantly improved the accuracy of the diagnosis of placenta previa.