bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fate of mesenchymal stem cells transplanted to osteonecrosis of femoral head
Authors: Yan Zuoqin , Hang Donghua , Guo Changan , Chen Zhengrong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the survival and differentiation status of MSCs transplanted to ONFH. Traumatic ONFH was surgically produced in skeletally mature mongrel dogs. Osteonecrosis was treated with either saline (control) or autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation after decompression. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to track the transplanted MSCs, the differentiation of MSCs were evaluated by fluorescent double‐labeling with GFP between osteocalcin or von Willebrand factor (vWF) at 2nd, 8th, and 12th week after the transplantation. It was demonstrated that GFP‐positive cells were present in the necrotic area up to 12 weeks after the transplantation, their number increased from 15% at 2nd week to 38% at 12th week (p < 0.05). Neither osteocalcin nor vWF was detected by immunocytochemistry in GFP‐labeled MSCs in vitro, but osteocalcin was immunohistochemically positive in 90% of the GFP‐labeled MSCs in vivo, while vWF was still negative. The vWF expression was of no significant difference between the control group and MSCs‐transplanted group. The percentages of trabeculae bone volume were 9.36% and 8.42% at 2nd week (p > 0.05), 22.82% and 14.72% at 8th week, and 31.08% and 20.66% at 12th week (p < 0.05) in MSCs‐transplanted group and control group, respectively; new trabeculae bone in MSCs‐transplanted group was significantly increased as compared to that of control group at 8th and 12th week. The results demonstrated that the transplanted MSCs could survive, proliferate, and differentiate into osteoblasts directly, which contributed to the accelerated repair process. The possible mechanism is site‐dependant differentiation. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 442–446, 2009
Biochemical changes in new plantain and cooking banana hybrids at various stages of ripening
Authors: Sakyi‐Dawson Esther , Asamoah‐Bonti Prudence , Amponsah Annor George 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: New varieties of plantain and cooking banana with higher yields and improved pest and disease resistance are continuously being bred. There is therefore the need to study their properties during postharvest ripening. This work investigates the effects of ripening on the dry matter content, pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, browning potential, starch content and reducing and non‐reducing sugar contents of new FHIA 19 and FHIA 20 plantain and FHIA 03 cooking banana hybrids.RESULTS: The starch and ascorbic acid contents of all hybrids decreased as ripening progressed. The starch and dry matter contents of the FHIA 03 cooking banana were reduced from about 750 to < 100 g kg−1 and from 260 to 190 g kg−1 respectively after stage 9 of ripening, when samples had more black than yellow colour. The FHIA 03 cooking banana had the highest content of non‐reducing sugars. The titratable acidity of the FHIA 03 cooking banana was higher than that of the FHIA 19 and FHIA 20 plantains. The browning potential of all hybrids decreased after stage 7 of ripening, when samples were yellow with black spots. The FHIA 19 plantain had the lowest browning potential.CONCLUSION: Significant reductions in the dry matter, ascorbic acid and starch contents of the plantain and cooking banana hybrids were observed during the progress of ripening. The cooking banana variety contained lower levels of dry matter, ascorbic acid and starch than the plantain varieties. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of different internal‐diameter column combinations in comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography in flavour and fragrance analysis
Authors: Cordero Chiara , Bicchi Carlo , Galli Mario , Galli Stefano , Rubiolo Patrizia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA series of OV1‐OV1701 column sets, in which the two dimensions differ in id and/or film thickness, were adopted to separate components of the volatile and semivolatile fraction of samples of plant origin. In particular two applications are presented: a target analysis approach to determine volatile suspected allergens in a medium‐complexity fragrance and in sandalwood essential oil, and a fingerprint analysis approach to compare herbal extracts. Some basic chromatographic parameters of these combinations, i. e. net separation measure (SGC×GC), degree of orthogonality and a suitable number of modulations per peak, were also estimated by analysing two test mixtures: FAME (C4:0–C24:0) and suspected volatile allergens. Experimental results show that 0.25 mm homologous id column combination, despite their lower separation power, have good capacity to separate and resolve medium‐to‐complex fractions from samples of plant origin, demonstrating: (i) good system orthogonality, maximized through proper exploitation of stationary‐phase selectivity and (ii) reduced 2‐D column overloading effects due to the increased 2‐D mass loadability, thus facilitating the analysis of mixtures whose components differ significantly in relative abundance.
Selective adsorption of D‐ and L‐phenylalanine on molecularly‐imprinted polymerized organogels formed using polymerizable gelator N‐octadecyl maleamic acid
Authors: Zhang Shengzu , Fu Xinjian , Wang Hong , Yang Yajiang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe polymerizable gelator N‐octadecyl maleamic acid (ODMA) can self‐assemble in selected polymerizable organic solvents, such as 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methylacrylic acid (MAA) to form thermally stable polymerizable organogels. A mixture consisting of HEMA and MAA as the monomer and functional monomer, PEG dimethacrylates (PEG200DMA) as the crosslinker, BOC‐L‐phenylalanine (BPA) or L‐phenylalanine ethyl ester (PEE) as the chiral templates, was gelatinized by ODMA firstly and subsequently polymerized by in situ UV irradiation or thermal initiation. The molecularly imprinted polymerized organogels were obtained after the removal of the templates through ethanol extraction. Selective adsorption of D‐ and L‐phenylalanine was performed on the polymerized organogels. The results indicate rather high adsorption efficiency obtained for L‐phenylalanine compared with that for D‐phenylalanine, which was found to be dependent on the concentrations of ODMA, content of template, and the method of polymerization. Herein, the concentration of ODMA in the organogels played an important role for the adsorption efficiency of D‐ and L‐phenylalanine.
Simple and rapid extraction, separation, and detection of alkaloids in beverages
Authors: Copper Christine L. , Newman Carl I. D. , Collins Greg E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractImplementation of an uncomplicated SPE process for the rapid extraction and preconcentration of the alkaloids, colchicine, strychnine, aconitine, and nicotine, from water, apple juice, and nonfat milk samples is presented. When coupled to analysis via micellar EKC (MEKC), the total analysis time per sample was less than 15 min for the water and juice samples and less than 20 min for the milk. The SPE process allowed for anywhere from a three to a fourteen‐fold improvement in the LOD for each alkaloid when compared to detecting the alkaloids in a nontreated water sample matrix. Following SPE, the LODs for colchicine, strychnine, and nicotine were sufficient to meet levels from 150 to 5000 times more dilute than the LD50 for a 50 kg individual drinking 12 oz of a contaminated beverage. Aconitine, on the other hand, was detected at approximately the LD50 level. The percent recoveries for the SPE ranged from 37% to as high as 99%. Nicotine attained the highest recovery efficiencies, followed by colchicine, and finally, aconitine and strychnine, which were nearly identical. The greatest recovery efficiencies were achieved from apple juice and water, whereas nonfat milk yielded the lowest.
Great expectations: Resolving conflicts of leadership style preferences
Authors: Ruderman Marian N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAsk someone in one country or culture what he or she looks for in an effective leader, and the answer is likely to be different from that of someone in another country or culture. In today's increasingly global business environment, this variance in leadership expectations can become a problem. Today, being successful as a leader means taking the disparate expectations of leadership into account.
The nexus effect: When leaders span group boundaries
Authors: Yip Jeffrey , Wong Serena , Ernst Christopher 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this age of global interconnection, leaders need to go beyond their traditional focus on managing and protecting group boundaries and work toward boundary‐spanning leadership–bridging intergroup boundaries in order to achieve a shared vision or goal. The experiences of leaders in three different sectors shed some preliminary light on the collective solutions that can be achieved when leaders facilitate collaborative practices acrossdiverse and even divided groups.
Involvement of Singlet Oxygen in the Solid‐State Photochemistry of P3HT
Authors: Manceau Matthieu , Rivaton Agnès , Gardette Jean‐Luc 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe studied the role that singlet oxygen plays in the solid‐state photochemistry of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The photosensitized formation of singlet oxygen by solid‐state P3HT and its subsequent reactivity on the polymer were investigated. Using a fluorescent probe, it was found that singlet oxygen (1O2) could be produced by irradiation of P3HT by photosensitization, with no oxidation of the polymer. In addition, 1O2 was directly formed on P3HT via a chemical reaction, again with no oxidation of the polymer. These results give strong evidence that 1O2 is not the principal photo‐oxidative degradation intermediate of P3HT, which conflicts with previous reports.magnified image
Does corporate ownership structure matter for economic growth? A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Kapopoulos Panayotis , Lazaretou Sophia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe role of corporations in allocating resources has been of great importance in the debate about the manner in which enterprises should be governed to enhance economic growth. Corporate governance features seem to be central to the dynamics by which successful firms and economies improve their performance over time as well as relative to each other. In this paper we try to clarify the relationship between corporate ownership structure and output growth by using the data of La Portaet al.(J. Finance1999; LIV: 471–517) on ownership structure of large‐ and medium‐sized corporations in 27 economies. To search for empirical linkages, we use cross‐country growth regressions. The evidence provided in the paper suggests that an environment with a higher percentage of directly and indirectly widely held companies and a lower degree of state than private ownership is associated with a higher growth rate of per capita income. We also conclude that a higher degree of institutional investment does not seem to enhance the growth performance of an economy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stock market perceptions of the motives for mergers in cases reviewed by the UK competition authorities: an empirical analysis
Authors: Arnold Malcolm , Parker David 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA number of studies have considered the motivation of managers to follow a merger strategy. However, as far as we are aware none has looked at the influence of competition regulation on merger motives using stock market data and event study techniques. Data drawn from 63 merger cases in the UK between 1989 and 2003 are examined for the stock market's perceptions of what motivated managers to pursue their initial merger bid. The findings suggest that the Synergy and Hubris dominate as motivations for mergers and that, unintentionally, competition policy may help to reduce the number of mergers motivated by Managerialism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of heterocyclic amines from thermally processed meats selected from a small‐scale population‐based study
Authors: Busquets Rosa , Mitjans David , Puignou Lluís , Galceran Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHeterocyclic amines (HAs) are potent mutagens that form at high temperatures in cooked, protein‐rich food. Due to their frequent intake, these compounds are considered a risk factor for human cancer. Cooking conditions and eating habits strongly influence the level of HA exposure. Thus, it is difficult to assess the intake of HAs in a large population. Food‐frequency questionnaires (FFQs), designed to provide data on parameters that affect HA formation, were used to survey a small population (459 persons) from Barcelona (NE Spain). Subsequently, the most‐consumed food items named were cooked according to the preferences of the population surveyed and analyzed for HAs using SPE and LC‐MS/MS. In the population studied, the estimated intake via consumption of 13 meat dishes was 285.6 ng of mutagenic HAs per capita and day. PhIP (2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine) was the HA to which the population was most exposed, mainly from fried chicken and griddled beef. When the co‐mutagens norharman and harman are included, the mean daily intake of HAs rises to 475.6 ng per capita and day. A novel putative DMIP regioisomer was detected in the cooked meats, which was analyzed in the present study by multistage MS.
Daily intake of thiamine correlates with the circulating level of endothelial progenitor cells and the endothelial function in patients with type II diabetes
Authors: Wong Ching‐Yuen , Qiuwaxi Jianati , Chen Hua , Li Sheung‐Wai , Chan Hiu‐Ting , Tam Sidney , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Lau Chu‐Pak , Kwong Yok‐Lam , Tse Hung‐Fat 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOur objective was to determine the relationships between levels of different dietary nutrients intake with circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and vascular endothelial function in type II diabetic patients. We studied the daily dietary nutrients intake, the numbers of circulating CD34+/KDR+ EPC and CD133+/KDR+ EPC and brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) in 88 diabetic patients without prior cardiovascular diseases and 91 sex‐ and age‐matched controls. Compared with controls, diabetic patients had lower CD133+/KDR+ EPC count (48.3 ± 5.2 vs. 84.6 ± 7.6/μL, p < 0.001), CD34+/KDR+ EPC count (311 ± 41 vs. 412 ± 36/μL, p = 0.045), and FMD (2.54 ± 0.37% vs. 5.46 ± 0.47%, p < 0.001). After adjusted for age, sex, smoking history, body weight, hemoglobin A1c level, total calorie intake, other dietary vitamin intake, use of antihypertensives, and lipid lowering agents, a higher intake of thiamine was significantly associated with a higher level of circulating CD34+/KDR+ EPC (β = 0.49, p = 0.028) and CD133+/KDR+ EPC (β = 0.45, p = 0.037) in diabetic patients, but not in controls. Furthermore, an increased intake of thiamine from 1st to 4th quartile in diabetic patients independently predicted an absolute increase in FMD by 1.29% (p = 0.026, relative increase = 63.5%). This study demonstrated that daily thiamine intake was positively correlated with the circulating number of EPCs and FMD in patients with type II diabetes, independent of other dietary nutrients intake.
Higher‐resolution convection schemes for flow in porous media on highly distorted unstructured grids
Authors: Lamine Sadok , Edwards Michael G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHigher‐resolution schemes are presented for convective flow approximation on highly distorted unstructured grids. The schemes are coupled with continuous full‐tensor Darcy‐flux approximations. A sequence of non‐uniform and distorted grid formulations are developed and compared for a range of unstructured meshes with variable grid spacing. The higher‐order schemes are constructed using non‐uniform grid slope limiters such that they are stable with a local maximum principle, ensuring that solutions are free of spurious oscillations. Benefits of the resulting schemes are demonstrated for classical test problems in reservoir simulation including cases with full‐tensor permeability fields. The test cases involve a range of unstructured grids with variations in grid spacing, orientation and permeability that lead to flow fields that are poorly resolved by standard simulation methods. The higher‐order formulations are shown to effectively reduce numerical diffusion, leading to improved resolution of concentration and saturation fronts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilized four‐node tetrahedron with nonlocal pressure for modeling hyperelastic materials
Authors: Areias P. , Matouš K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNon‐linear hyperelastic response of reinforced elastomers is modeled using a novel three‐dimensional mixed finite element method with a nonlocal pressure field. The element is unconditionally convergent and free of spurious pressure modes. Nonlocal pressure is obtained by an implicit gradient technique and obeys the Helmholtz equation. Physical motivation for this nonlocality is shown. An implicit finite element scheme with consistent linearization is presented. Finally, several hyperelastic examples are solved to demonstrate the computational algorithm including the inf–sup and verifications tests. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Needs assessment of runaway females in Iran from an occupational therapy perspective
Authors: Malekpour Maryam 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this descriptive study was to assess, from an occupational therapy perspective, the occupational performance needs of runaway females between 15 and 33 years old, residing in the state‐run shelters in Mashhad, Iran. The inclusion criteria were: (1) participants who were 15 years old or above; (2) participants who resided in one of the state‐run shelters in Mashhad; and (3) participants who could read, comprehend and write in Farsi.A written survey was completed by 44 runaway females (response rate: 36.6%). The findings revealed the occupational needs of this population to be as follows: vocational needs to find a meaningful job, emotional needs to manage depression and hopelessness, social participation needs to manage family and peer/friend relationships and peer interactions with the opposite sex to find an appropriate mate and educational needs to continue their education. Participants were from one area of Iran, so the results of the study cannot be generalized to runaway females residing in shelters in other areas of the country. Future research could include a qualitative design to explore more in‐depth needs of this population. Also, a larger population of runaway females nationwide should be included in a study to increase generalizability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endogenous lung stem cells and contribution to disease
Authors: Snyder JC , Teisanu RM , Stripp BR 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEpithelial branching during the process of lung development results in the establishment of distinct functional zones, each of which is characterized by a unique cellular composition and repertoire of local progenitor cells. Significant new insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms of epithelial maintenance that provide insights into the pathophysiology of lung disease have been made in recent years. This review focuses on the complex structure–function relationship in the airway epithelium, how this epithelium is maintained in the normal state and repaired following injury, and how deregulation may contribute to airway disease and cancer. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gastrointestinal stem cells in development and cancer
Authors: Brabletz S , Schmalhofer O , Brabletz T 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn enormous body of knowledge about the biology of stem cells and their role in development, tissue homeostasis and cancer formation has been gained in the last 20 years. This review gives a comprehensive overview on knowledge about localization and regulation of normal gastrointestinal stem cells and links it to our understanding of gastrointestinal tumourigenesis and malignant progression in the light of the cancer stem cell concept. The focus is on intestinal stem cells and newly identified stem cell factors, such as the β‐catenin target gene Lgr5. The basis of intestinal stem cell regulation is a permanent crosstalk between epithelial and underlying mesenchymal cells in the intestinal stem cell niche. This crosstalk is mediated by crucial pathways, including the Wnt, Hedgehog (HH), Notch, PI3K and BMP pathways. Disturbances in this fine‐regulated interaction can both initiate intestinal tumours and, in association with additional genetic alterations or environmental activation of embryonic processes such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), lead to tumour invasion and metastasis. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intra‐ and interobserver reliability of umbilical vein blood flow
Authors: Fernandez Susana , Figueras Francesc , Gomez Olga , Martinez Josep Maria , Eixarch Elisenda , Comas Montserrat , Puerto Bienvenido , Gratacos Eduard 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of the umbilical vein (UV) diameter, time‐averaged maximum velocity (TAMX) and umbilical vein blood flow (BF).MethodsSixty‐three consecutive singleton pregnancies between 24 and 42 weeks were evaluated by two independent operators. UV diameter and TAMX were measured. UV flow was calculated as UV area × 60 × TAMX × 0.5. Reliability analyses were performed by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for agreement. Differences between and within observers were explored and agreement limits calculated by means of the Bland–Altman test.ResultsSatisfactory Doppler parameters were successfully obtained from all fetuses. The intraobserver ICCs for UV diameter, TAMX, and BF were 0.7, 0.59, and 0.55, respectively, whereas the interobserver ICCs were 0.65, 0.46, and 0.60, respectively. The 95% confidence intervals of the intraobserver differences were (+0.15, − 0.14), (+8.0, − 7.9), and (+150, − 138.7), respectively. The 95% confidence intervals of the interobserver differences were (+0.16, − 0.16), (+8.5, − 8.2), and (+138.8, − 141.9), respectively.ConclusionsNoninvasive Doppler calculation of umbilical vein blood flow and its components are reliable enough for clinical use. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.