bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991–2004)
Authors: Riecks Todd W. , Birchard Stephen J. , Stephens Julie A. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To assess results of surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome (including stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, and everted laryngeal saccules) in dogs and determine whether dogs with hypoplastic trachea have a less favorable long-term outcome.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—62 dogs with brachycephalic syndrome.
Procedures—Medical records from 1991 to 2004 were reviewed for information regarding signalment, clinical signs, diagnosis, surgery, and long-term outcome. Surgical outcome was rated by owners as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Common abnormalities, treatments, and long-term outcomes among the 62 dogs were assessed.
Results—Predominantly affected breeds included English Bulldog, Pug, and Boston Terrier. Elongated soft palate was the most common abnormality (54/62 [87.1%] dogs); the most common combination of abnormalities was elongated soft palate, stenotic nares, and everted saccules (16/62 [25.8%] dogs). The English Bulldog was the most common breed for all abnormalities, including elongated soft palate (27/54 [50%] dogs), stenotic nares (14/36 [38.9%] dogs), everted saccules (20/36 [55.6%] dogs), hypoplastic trachea (7/13 [53.9%] dogs), and laryngeal collapse (2/5 [40%]). No dogs had everted saccules alone. Outcome did not differ between dogs under-going staphylectomy by use of laser or scissor resection. Follow-up information was obtained for 34 dogs; 16 (47.1%) had an excellent outcome, and 16 (47.1%) had a good outcome. Overall treatment success rate was 94.2%, and overall mortality rate was 3.2%.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Surgical treatment of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs appeared to be associated with a favorable long-term outcome, regardless of age, breed, specific diagnoses, or number and combinations of diagnoses.
Clinical and immunohistochemical differentiation of gastrointestinal stromal tumors from leiomyosarcomas in dogs: 42 cases (1990–2003)
Authors: Russell Kelli N. , Mehler Stephen J. , Skorupski Katherine A. , Baez Jennifer L. , Shofer Frances S. , Goldschmidt Michael H. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To reexamine (via immunohistochemical techniques) canine tissue samples that had been previously classified as gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas (GILMSs), identify and differentiate gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) from GILMSs, and compare the biological behavior and clinical course of GISTs and GILMSs in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—42 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of 42 dogs for which a histologic diagnosis of GILMS was confirmed were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings, results of initial diagnostic tests, surgical findings, adjunctive treatment, location of the tumor, completeness of resection, and outcome after surgery. Archived tumor tissue specimens from each dog were restained via immunohistochemical techniques to differentiate tumor types. Long-term follow-up information was obtained from the medical record or through telephone interviews with owners and referring veterinarians.
Results—On the basis of immunohistochemical findings, 28 of 42 tumors were reclassified as GISTs and 4 were reclassified as undifferentiated sarcomas; 10 tumors were GILMSs. In dogs, GISTs developed more frequently in the cecum and large intestine and GILMSs developed more frequently in the stomach and small intestine. Median survival times for dogs with GISTs and GILMSs were 11.6 and 7.8 months, respectively; if only dogs surviving the perioperative period were considered, median survival times were 37.4 and 7.8 months, respectively. These differences, however, were not significant.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs, many previously diagnosed GILMSs should be reclassified as GISTs on the basis of results of immunohistochemical staining. The biological behavior of these tumors appears to be different.
Analgesic efficacy and respiratory effects of butorphanol and morphine in turtles
Authors: Sladky Kurt K. , Miletic Vjekoslav , Paul-Murphy Joanne , Kinney Matthew E. , Dallwig Rebecca K. , Johnson Stephen M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To test the hypothesis that butorphanol or morphine induces antinociception with minimal respiratory depression in conscious red-eared slider turtles.
Design—Prospective crossover study.
Animals—37 adult male and female red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta).
Procedures—Antinociception (n = 27 turtles) and respiratory (10 turtles) experiments were performed. Infrared heat stimuli were applied to the plantar surface of turtle limbs. Thermal withdrawal latencies were measured before and at intervals after SC administration of physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, butorphanol tartrate (2.8 or 28 mg/kg [1.27 or 12.7 mg/lb]), or morphine sulfate (1.5 or 6.5 mg/kg [0.68 or 2.95 mg/lb]). Ventilation was assessed in freely swimming turtles before and after SC administration of saline solution, butorphanol (28 mg/kg), or morphine (1.5 mg/kg).
Results—For as long as 24 hours after injection of saline solution or either dose of butorphanol, thermal withdrawal latencies among turtles did not differ. Low- and high-dose morphine injections increased latencies significantly by 8 hours. Ventilation was not altered by saline solution administration, was temporarily depressed by 56% to 60% for 1 to 2 hours by butorphanol (28 mg/kg) administration, and was significantly depressed by a maximum of 83 ± 9% at 3 hours after morphine (1.5 mg/kg) injection. Butorphanol and morphine depressed ventilation by decreasing breathing frequency.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although widely used in reptile species, butorphanol may not provide adequate antinociception for invasive procedures and caused short-term respiratory depression in red-eared slider turtles. In contrast, morphine apparently provided antinociception but caused long-lasting respiratory depression.
Protein adsorption in charged agarose gels studied by light microscopy
Authors: Schirmer Emily B. , Carta Giorgio 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBoth a new method for measuring protein ion exchange kinetics and new data for the adsorption of three different proteins in anionic agarose gels are described. The gels were prepared as spherical particles to determine chemical and structural properties and the macroscopic protein adsorption behavior, and as thin slabs supported in a microfluidics chip to observe transient concentration profiles with a light microscope. The combination of these approaches provides deeper insight in the nature of protein transport mechanisms than previously possible. The adsorption of cytochrome c, myoglobin, and hemoglobin was studied macroscopically and microscopically. Although all proteins exhibited similarly favorable adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics, and concentration profiles were quantitatively and qualitatively different. Cytochrome c was adsorbed very quickly and resulted in diffuse concentration profiles, while myoglobin adsorbed much more slowly and resulted in sharp fronts. Hemoglobin exhibited lower rates with diffuse profiles at higher pH and sharp fronts at lower pH. In general, the shape of the profiles appeared to be correlated with the binding strength. Reversibly bound proteins yielded diffuse profiles, while irreversibly bound proteins exhibited sharp advancing fronts, indicating that protein–surface interactions play a major role in the nature of the transport mechanism. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
A dopamine D4 receptor exon 3 VNTR allele protecting against migraine without aura
Authors: de Sousa Sara Campos , Karwautz Andreas , Wöber Christian , Wagner Gudrun , Breen Gerome , Zesch Heidi‐Elisabeth , Konrad Andrea , Zormann Arno , Wanner Christian , Kienbacher Christian , Collier David A. , Wöber‐Bingöl Çiçek 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveAs dopamine plays an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine and antimigraine drugs have an effect on the dopamine system, the objective of this study was to examine the dopamine D4 receptor gene for involvement in the cause of migraine.MethodsWe tested a VNTR‐polymorphism in the dopamine D4 receptor gene, the exon 3 VNTR, in a sample of 190 family trios each with a proband with childhood migraine by using transmission disequilibrium test tests.ResultsWe found a trend for transmission distortion of this marker in migraine, with the common seven‐repeat allele of the VNTR transmitted 58 times and not transmitted 82 times (global likelihood ratio score (LRS) = 12.27, degress of freedom (DF) = 6, p = 0.06; for the 7‐repeat allele: χ2 = 5.1, p = 0.02). This effect came only from migraine without aura (145 trios), with the common 7‐repeat allele transmitted 45 times and not transmitted 69 times (global LRS = 15.18; DF = 6, p = 0.019; for the 7‐repeat allele: χ2 = 6.4, p = 0.01; odds ratio, 0.47), whereas in migraine with aura (45 trios) there was no transmission distortion of the 7‐repeat allele.InterpretationWe conclude that seven‐repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor VNTR is a protective factor for migraine without aura. Because migraine is a common disorder, this protective effect may have contributed to the positive selection acting on the dopamine D4 receptor exon 3 VNTR seven‐repeat allele in recent human history. We speculate that dopamine function in the lateral parabrachial nucleus is involved in migraine without aura. Ann Neurol 2007
Study of the water uptake and internal defects of jute‐reinforced polymer composites with a digital neutron radiography technique
Authors: Alam M. K. , Khan Mubarak A. , Lehmann E. H. , Vontobel P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe water‐uptake behavior of jute fabric and its composites with polycarbonate and polypropylene was monitor by a digital neutron radiography technique. The thermal neutron radiography facility of neutron transmission radiography (NEUTRA) at spallation source (SINQ) of the Paul Scherrer Institute was used for this work. The internal defects, such as voids, cracks, and inhomogeneity, of the composites were studied. The water‐uptake behavior of the jute fiber was also studied with a digital neutron radiography technique. The natural jute fiber showed higher water absorption than the composites. No voids or inclusions in these composites were observed. Moreover, both the jute and polymer were uniformly distributed and well mixed with the polymer matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Morphology development of high‐density rigid polyurethane foam upon compression by on‐line scanning electronic microscope
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Zhong‐Ming 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe high‐density rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) was obtained by airtight cast molding. The morphology development during the compressive fracture process of RPUF was observed on‐line by a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). In the early stage of loading, the deformation of samples came from the tiny shape change in the cells' windows. As the load increases, some creases were formed in some cell windows in the vertical direction of loading, and the creases enlarged and resulted in the cracks across the whole cells. Moreover, during the deformation process, a failure band was formed in the weakest position. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Empirical regression as a conditional expected value of a special distribution‐mixture for a modelfree quantitative recording of stochastical relations
Authors: Schmerling S. , Peil J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn “empirical” distribution function F̂(x, y) is estimated from measured points (xi, yi), i =1(1)n, of a continuous two‐dimensional random variable (X, Y) with unknown continuous density function f(x, y). The density function F̂(x, y) of F̂(x, y) is a mixture of n two‐dimensional normal densities. The first order moments of F̂(x, y) are the sample means x and y, whilst the second order moments are only proportional to the sample variances and the sample covariance. This “empirical” distribution F̂(x, y) is used for evaluation of an empirical regression curve where a free parameter has to be fixed by an optimality criterion. The procedure is demonstrated by an example from morphometrical research.
Some comments on anderson and pospahala's correction of bias in line transect sampling
Authors: Anderson D. R. , Burnham K. P. , Chain B. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractANDERSON and POSPAHALA (1970) investigated the estimation of wildlife population size using the belt or line transect sampling method and devised a correction for bias, thus leading to an estimator with interesting characteristics. This work was given a uniform mathematical framework in BURNHAM and ANDERSON (1976). In this paper we show that the ANDERSON‐POSPAHALA estimator is optimal in the sense of being the (unique) best linear unbiased estimator within the class of estimators which are linear combinations of cell frequencies, provided certain assumptions are met.
A model‐independent approach to the theory of experimental designs and a special discussion of bib. II. properties and construction of bib
Authors: Rasch D. , Herrendurfer G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn addition to the first part we prove independently of the model some theorems on properties of balanced block designs. Then we propose nine methods of construction of BIB and prove theorems in connection with these methods. In a table we give a survey on block designs with v$25 and possibilities of their construction with these methods. Further follow theorems with the number of nonisomorphic BIB for some fixed v and k.
A sampling study of the size and power of tests for paired survival data
Authors: Wiltse C. G. , Lachenbruch P. A. , Woolson R. F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe paired‐t, sign, and signed rank tests were compared for samples from a bivariate exponential distribution. Each is a valid α‐level test. One test was not uniformly more powerful than the others for all sample sizes, α levels, correlations, and alternative hypotheses considered, but the signed rank test did well consistently. It was always preferable to the sign test and never was appreciably worse than the paired‐t test. The relative performance of the tests depends on α as well as the sample size.
Comparison of various procedures for estimation of the classification error in discriminance analysis
Authors: Wernecke K.‐D. , Kalb G. , Sturzebecher E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe practical use of classification methods depends, for the majority of cases, on whether it is possible to obtain evidence how newly appearing objects of unknown classes‐membership can be allocated on the basis of a classifier established by a training sample.In the present paper several error estimation methods are presented and compared with each other. It is shown by means of a practical example in which way the number of characteristics used in the discrimination affects the classification error. Discriminance functions calculated from many characteristics yield a higher error rate than those from fewer characteristics. From the comparison of the error rates and computing times involved in the individual methods recommendations for the selection of practicable estimation methods are given.
On the Analysis of Variance for Time Sequenced Samples
Authors: Schill W. , Louton T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe 3 way nested ANOVA model yijk = μ + ai + Bij + γk + (αγ)ik + epsilonijk With α (treatment or group effects) and γ (time) both being fixed effects and B (the individual effects) random and nested within α, is introduced and explored. The problems associated with the usual approach are explained. The alternative model Is developed and a method of evaluation via the method of linear contrasts is recomended. The test statistic has the distribution of a convolution of F‐distributions. Further, a method of investigating the assumptions of the model is offered and a further generalization using path spaces (of dim. K) is developed. Here again the appropriate test statistic has the distribution of a convolution of F‐distributions. This combined with the method of linear contrasts offers an elegant solution to the BEHRENS‐FISHER problem.yijk = fik + Bij + epsilonijk
Distribution‐free R sample tests for the hypothesis of parallelism of response profiles
Authors: Pyhel N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper two nonparametric tests are given for testing the nullhypothesis of parallelity of response curves in r samples. The first procedure is done by a permutation test, whose practical applicability is ensured by a FORTRAN‐subroutine available from the author. As the computational work and time grows rapidly with sample sizes, a Monte‐Carlo‐solution is optionally given by the same procedure.Alternatively an asymptotically distribution‐free test based on quadratic forms is constructed for large sample situations.
Automatic classification in the case of unknown number of clusters using global density estimates
Authors: Schüler L. , Wolff H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA clustering algorithm using a nonparametric density gradient estimate based on a trigonometric series expansion approach is investigated. The Mean‐Integrated‐Square‐Error will be evaluated, conditions for consistency and a stopping rule for the number of terms needed in the series expansion are given. An example demonstrates the utility of the method.
To some reasonable test procedures in multiple contingency tables to investigate certain epidemiological or medicin‐sociological relationships
Authors: Enke H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOne of the most important tasks of the application of mathematical‐statistical methods consists in giving help in the search for possible relationships, and connected with this, the specification of new hypotheses.The progress of both the special diciplines of sciences and mathematical statistics itself leads to the application of more and more complex, that means multivariate, methods. In medical fields, especially in epidemiological and medicin‐sociological studies, this fact means the necessity of analysing multidimensional contingency tables.The above formulated problem is equivalent to the problem of fitting an appropriate mathematical model (for contingency tables is this a log‐linear model) to the data in a way which makes the structural relationships clear to us.In this paper it is shown that one is able to get to well‐interpretable models of independence with relatively simple means. Two stepwise test procedures are described yielding essentially the same results: a so called reduction procedure which is particularly profitable in sparsely occupied tables and a procedure which uses a combination of hypotheses of conditional pairwise independence.
Probleme der Erweiterung der Prüfverteilungen des Maximum‐Modulus‐Testes und des DUNNETT‐Testes
Authors: Schmerling S. , Renne J. , Lenze W. , Bätz G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSCHULZ (1976) gave formulas for the approximate computation of the percentage points needed for the comparison of sample means by the Maximum‐Modulus‐Test resp. by the DUNNETT‐Test. Our investigation shows that these formulas are also practicable if the number of the mean differences k is greater than 20. The maximum difference between the exact values and the approximate values of the percentage points amounts to 0,05 in the case of the Maximum‐Modulus‐Test with k >20 and degrees of freedom v > k for a level of error a = 0,05 resp. a = 0,01. In the case of the DUNNETT‐Test this maximum difference amounts to 0,02 for 20 < k < 50 and a = 0,05. Besides it can be here supposed that the approximate percentage points are also practicable for both k >50, a = 0,05 and k >20, a = 0,01.
Efficiency of Synthetic Retrospective Studies
Authors: Whittemore Alice S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn many large cohort studies of association between a disease and a concommitant variable, only a small fraction of subjects develope the disease. Substantial computational expense can be avoided by restricting the analysis to the diseased cases and a random sample of disease‐free controls. This paper examines the efficiency of such synthetic retrospective designs relative to that of the full cohort analysis when the association is studied using the logistic or proportional hazards model. Within this context the efficiencies of matched vs. unmatched designs are also examined.
Biomathematics on the Basis of Thermodynamics
Authors: Leuschner D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMathematical terms as e.g. total differential and partial derivative play a specific role in classic thermodynamics. In this connection we ask for the existence of a thermodynamical biomathematics in consequence of the large biological importance of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes in open systems. In spite of our present limited knowledge we answer this question positive by means of theoretical considerations and practical examples.
Nonparametric Estimates of the Asymptotic Covariance Matrix Associated with BICKEL's Estimate for Multivariate Shift Parameters
Authors: Ahmad Ibrahim A. , Lin Pi‐Erh 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNonparametric estimates are proposed for the asymptotic covariance matrix associated with the vector of medians of averages of pairs when estimating the shift parameter in the multivariate one sample problem. These estimates are based on density estimation and are competitors to the “natural” estimate proposed by BICKEL (1965). Weak and strong consistency of the estimates as well as asymptotic normality are presented.
On Testing Equality of Means in the Paired Case with Incomplete Data on Both Responses
Authors: Ekbohm G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeveral non iterative tests for the equality of two correlated means with missing data on both responses are compared by means of Monte Carlo studies. The main results are that a test due to LIN and STIVERS (1974) is to be preferred when the number of complete pairs is large, a WELCH type statistic with degrees of freedom modified in this paper when the correlation between the two responses is known to be low, and one of four suggested, one in this paper, maximum likelihood based tests when the number of complete pairs is small and there is no large variance inequality believed to exist.
A Procedure for the Common Estimation of Parameters Corresponding to Several Treatment Groups
Authors: Pahnke K. , Stucky W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this article we give a procedure for the common estimation of parameters corresponding to several treatment groups. Thereby we assume that the distribution functions of the groups belong to the same family and differ only in the parameter values. The procedure allows the common estimation of some of these parameters. The parameters themselves will be estimated by the maximum likelihood method; the estimators will be calculated iteratively by the Newton‐Raphson method.To prove if the common estimation is possible, we propose as a suitable test the maximum likelihood ratio test.Finally we show the application of our procedure in the case of the probit analysis.
A Type of Orthogonal Contrasts for Unbalanced Data
Authors: Li C. C. , Mazumdar Sati 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA simple method of making a type of orthogonal contrasts among treatments for unbalanced two‐way classification data has been described. The method begins with the direct use of absorbing equations, derived from normal equations. Then it is shown that the single components of the treatment sum of squares, adjusted for blocks, are independently distributed.