bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticonvulsant Effects and Histopathological Changes in the Hippocampus of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced Epileptic Mice Model following Mentat Treatment
Authors: Ekpo Ubong Udeme , Igiri Anozeng Oyono 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Epilepsy is a neurological illness that disturbs the central nervous system and is characterized by regular convulsions. Over 70 million people worldwide are thought to have epilepsy, with the prevalence rate estimated to be around 1%.

Aims:
The objective of this study was to assess antiepileptic activities and histological changes after Mentat administration in the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure mice.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty Swiss albino mice (18–28 g) were divided into four groups (n = 5) and were given the following intraperitoneally, 2 ml/kg distilled water and 50 mg/kg PTZ to Groups 1 and 2 animals, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 animals were given 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of Mentat, respectively, 1 h before the administration of PTZ and were observed for 300 s. After the experiment, all surviving animals in the various groups were humanely sacrificed and the brains were harvested and preserved in 10% buffered formalin. The brain tissues were processed using routine histological procedures and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.

Results:
Results of this revealed that Mentat was able to delay the onset time of seizure and offered quantal protection to the animals. Mentat also showed a dose-dependent ameliorative effect against histological changes following PTZ administration in mice.

Conclusion:
Mentat attenuates PTZ-induced seizure in mice.
How Entropy Explains the Emergence of Consciousness: The Entropic Theory
Authors: Lugten Peter Cornelis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Emergentism as an ontology of consciousness leaves unanswered the question as to its mechanism. I aim to solve the body–mind problem by explaining how conscious organisms emerged on an evolutionary basis at various times in accordance with an accepted scientific principle through a mechanism that cannot be understood, in principle.

Proposal:
The reason for this cloak of secrecy is found in a seeming contradiction in the behavior of information with respect to the first two laws of thermodynamics. Information, the microstate of particles within an isolated system’s macrostate, can, like first-law energy, be neither created nor destroyed, yet the information in the system, like second-law entropy, will inevitably increase. To explain information increasing without being created, Laplace’s demon is invoked, able to predict where each particle is destined. This doesn’t work for emerging events like consciousness, which are unpredictable. This can be understood in terms of the derivation of entropy, and the emergence of classical physics, from the Relativistic Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. I propose that the increased entropy in a time-irreversible, unpredictable (emergent) isolated system requires the simultaneous deletion of information concerning the steps, or calculations, involved.

Conclusion:
Thus, the steps leading to consciousness are immediately destroyed and must remain a mystery. Implications include that entropy, not panpsychism, is the universal principle generative of consciousness, that our being conscious proves that we are not predetermined, and that consciousness requires assuming an “entropy debt” that can only be repaid by living organisms, prohibiting the emergence of conscious machines.
N-of-1 medicine
Authors: Wang Peter , Leong Qiao Ying , Lau Ni Yin , Ng Wei Ying , Kwek Siong Peng , Tan Lester , Song Shang-Wei , You Kui , Chong Li Ming , Zhuang Isaiah , Ong Yoong Hun , Foo Nigel , Tadeo Xavier , Kumar Kirthika Senthil , Vijayakumar Smrithi , Sapanel Yoann , Raczkowska Marlena Natalia , Remus Alexandria , Blasiak Agata , Ho Dean 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The fields of precision and personalised medicine have led to promising advances in tailoring treatment to individual patients. Examples include genome/molecular alteration-guided drug selection, single-patient gene therapy design and synergy-based drug combination development, and these approaches can yield substantially diverse recommendations. Therefore, it is important to define each domain and delineate their commonalities and differences in an effort to develop novel clinical trial designs, streamline workflow development, rethink regulatory considerations, create value in healthcare and economics assessments, and other factors. These and other segments are essential to recognise the diversity within these domains to accelerate their respective workflows towards practice-changing healthcare. To emphasise these points, this article elaborates on the concept of digital health and digital medicine-enabled N-of-1 medicine, which individualises combination regimen and dosing using a patient’s own data. We will conclude with recommendations for consideration when developing novel workflows based on emerging digital-based platforms.
CLOP-hERG: The Contrastive Learning Optimized Pre-trained Model for Representation Learning in Predicting Drug-Induced hERG Channel Blockers
Authors: He Shida , Ye Xiucai , Sakurai Tetsuya 
Published: March 2024

During drug development, ensuring that drug molecules do not block the hERG (human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) channel is critical. If this channel is blocked, it can cause many cardiovascular-related diseases. However, traditional experimental detection methods are expensive and time-consuming. In this work, we proposed a novel deep learning framework CLOP-hERG that combines contrastive learning with the RoBERTa pre-trained model to predict whether drug molecules will block the hERG channel. We employed data augmentation techniques on molecular structures to ensure that our model can capture the multifaceted information of the molecules. Besides, we used a contrastive learning strategy to enable the model to learn meaningful molecular features from large unlabeled datasets. The RoBERTa pre-trained model played a pivotal role in this process, giving our model with a robust representational learning capability. The model, obtained through contrastive learning, was further fine-tuned to enhance high-precision prediction of hERG channel blockers. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrated the effectiveness of CLOP-hERG. This work provides a novel and an effective strategy for predicting hERG blockers and provides some insights for other similar pharmaceutical tasks.

Received: 13 November 2023 | Revised: 21 December 2023 | Accepted: 29 December 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The CLOP-hERG data that support the findings of this study are openly available at https://github.com/heshida01/CLOP-hERG. The Therapeutics Data Commons data that support the findings of this study are openly available at https://tdcommons.ai/, reference number [21].
A contribuição do consumo alimentar sustentável no desenvolvimento territorial local
Authors: Medeiros dos Santos Renata , Maria Dias de Lima Conceição 
Published: March 2024

Nos últimos anos, vários países vêm dialogando sobre os caminhos do mercado, da economia, de recursos naturais e de como a população mundial irá se alimentar. Da mesma forma com que foi ditada, pela globalização, a maneira do acesso, consumo e produção de forma verticalizada e global, existe uma urgência em se modificar e ou até mesmo resgatar uma produção e consumo sustentável a partir do fortalecimento da cultura local. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho tem o objetivo de estabelecer possíveis contribuições do aporte analítico e conceitual sobre consumo alimentar sustentável e sistema agroalimentares para a discussão na abordagem local. A estrutura do trabalho está organizada em quatro seções, a primeira seção traz o debate do conceito de produção de alimentos e seu processo dentro da ruralidade. A segunda seção debate-se sobre o consumo sustentável e sua função no desenvolvimento territorial. Na terceira seção analisa-se e discute-se a comercialização, e por fim, na última seção um debate onde se discute possíveis contribuições para o desenvolvimento territorial local. Nas últimas décadas a população mundial vem passando por transições nutricionais, epidemiológica, demográfica e tecnológica, o que contribui na mudança de comportamento e de acesso às informações. As escolhas por alimentos minimamente processados e in natura, como promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças, orientados pelo Guia Alimentar da População Brasileira (2014), faz com que as pessoas sejam orientadas a preparar e consumir alimentos produzidos em sua região, fortalecendo a cultura e o desenvolvimento local
Funciones estéticas y pedagógicas del software: una reflexión teórico-práctica con estudiantes de máster
Authors: Pérez-Campos Marta 
Published: March 2024

Este artículo analiza el taller Aesthetic and Pedagogical Implications of Software, cuyo objetivo principal era reflexionar sobre el hecho de mostrar el software detrás de aquellos proyectos que están diseñados utilizando algoritmos y, a partir de allí, comenzar a indagar sobre qué valor estético-pedagógico puede tener ese desvelamiento. Dividido en teoría y práctica, en la parte teórica fueron presentadas prácticas contemporáneas en las que el código es utilizado de una manera estética. Por otro lado, se propone un análisis de la vertiente pedagógica que posee esta estetización del software. En la parte práctica del taller, los participantes eran invitados a crear un prototipo en relación con la parte teórica y su propia práctica. La evaluación del taller se realizó mediante encuestas, las cuales también se emplearon a la hora de extraer las conclusiones principales. En ellas se muestra cómo pese a que en su práctica no habían considerado el software como un ente albergador de un valor estético, la asistencia al taller supuso una apertura hacia esa posibilidad, hacia una nueva percepción del software y a su vínculo con la pedagogía. Otro hecho para tener en cuenta fue la presencia de lo analógico y lo performativo en algunos de sus prototipos.
Este taller es el segundo de los realizados dentro de la tesis doctoral Más allá de la poesía computacional: una exploración de las implicaciones estéticas y pedagógicas del software en la que se busca reflexionar sobre la relevancia de una aproximación estética al software y qué consecuencias puede tener en cuanto a conocer el funcionamiento interno de la máquina. El taller tuvo lugar en dos sesiones de 90 minutos en la Kunstuniversität Linz (Austria) y fue parte de los cursos con créditos de libre elección que son ofertados a los estudiantes del Máster Interface Cultures.
Diagnostic performance and inter-reviewer agreement of colour Doppler ultrasound in haemodialysis fistula and graft complications: a multicentre prospective study
Authors: Mohamed Elshaimaa M. , Nada Mohamad Gamal , Libda Yasmin Ibrahim , Refaat Mona Mohammed 
Published: March 2024

PurposeHaemodialysis provides various options for vascular access, including native arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), arteriovenous grafts (AVGs), and central intravenous catheters. However, the use of catheters should be avoided due to their association with greater risks when opposed to AVFs or AVGs. AVFs have garnered strong endorsement as the favoured vascular access choice for extended haemodialysis.Material and methodsA total of 200 patients initially diagnosed with AVF/AVG dysfunction were referred to the radiology department across 3 different institutions. The inclusion criteria involved patients who encountered repeated difficulties with access cannulation during dialysis. Conversely, the exclusion criteria comprised cases that had been solely assessed using colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), those exclusively evaluated with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), situations where DSA was not feasible, instances requiring immediate intervention due to acute access failure, and cases in which patients refused participation.ResultsInter-observer agreement regarding complications of AVF/AVG was very good for the identification of thrombus (κ = 1.0), seroma (κ = 0.953), aneurysm (κ = 0.851), and pseudoaneurysm (κ = 0.851). It was considered good for the detection of juxta-anastomosis stenosis (κ = 0.751) and feeding artery stenosis (κ = 0.638). However, the agreement was fair for identifying draining vein stenosis (κ = 0.380) and distal arterial steal syndrome (κ = 0.210). The overall diagnostic performance of CDUS exhibited 86% sensitivity in identifying stenosis, with a specificity of 99.1%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.5%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97%, and an accuracy of 94.3%.ConclusionsCDUS is a noninvasive diagnostic approach for the prompt picking of AVF complications. It serves as a suitable first-line imaging modality for nonfunctional AVF due to its cost-effectiveness and accessibility. Additionally, we provide evidence of reproducibility, encouraging the diligent use of CDUS in AVF and AVG evaluation for early complication detection and management guidance.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐO ĐA KÝ Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH CÓ HỘI CHỨNG NGỪNG THỞ TẮC NGHẼN KHI NGỦ (OSA) MỨC ĐỘ TRUNG BÌNH VÀ NẶNG
Authors: Lê Thị Ba , Vũ Văn Giáp 
Published: March 2024

Tổng quan: OSA là một trong những rối loạn hô hấp thường gặp nhất khi ngủ. Bệnh nếu không được điều trị sẽ để lại những hậu quả nặng nề như buồn ngủ ban ngày và các hậu quả do buồn ngủ (như tai nạn giao thông, tai nạn lao động,…), hậu quả tim mạch (như rối loạn nhịp tim, THA kháng trị, NMCT,…) và chuyển hoá (như ĐTĐ, rối loạn mỡ máu,…). Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang tiến cứu 105 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán OSA trung bình và nặng tại Trung tâm Hô hấp Bv Bạch Mai từ tháng 1/8/2022 đến tháng 30/8/2023. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình 51.2±12.7; tỷ lệ nam gấp 8.5 lần nữ. Triệu chứng lâm sàng hay gặp: ngủ ngáy (100%), cơn ngừng thở (97.1%), ngộp thở ban đêm (68%), mệt mỏi (83%), tiểu đêm (75%), buồn ngủ ban ngày Epworth 13.25±5.96, Kết quả đa ký: AHI trung bình 52.9±23.3, AHI trung bình của nhóm nam 53.5±22.6 cơn/h, AHI trung bình nữ 47.5±29.7 cơn/h, SpO2 trung bình 90.8±6.2, SpO2 trung bình của nhóm OSA nặng 90.2±6.6 thấp hơn có ý nghĩa so với SpO2 trung bình của nhóm OSA trung bình (93.5±1.8), nhịp tim trung bình 70.8±10.23.
LIME: Lunar Irradiance Model of ESA, a new tool for absolute radiometric calibration using the Moon
Authors: Toledano Carlos , Taylor Sarah , Barreto África , Adriaensen Stefan , Berjón Alberto , Bialek Agnieszka , González Ramiro , Woolliams Emma , Bouvet Marc 
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Absolute calibration of Earth observation (EO) sensors is key to ensuring long-term stability and interoperability, and it is essential for long-term global climate records and forecasts. The Moon provides a photometrically stable calibration source within the range of the Earth's radiometric levels and is free from atmospheric interference. However, to use this ideal calibration source, one must model the variation in its disc-integrated irradiance resulting from changes in Sun–Earth–Moon geometries. The Lunar Irradiance Model of the European Space Agency (LIME) is a new lunar irradiance model developed from ground-based observations acquired using a lunar radiometer operating from the Izaña Atmospheric Observatory near Mount Teide, located in Tenerife, Spain. Nightly top-of-atmosphere (TOA) irradiance is determined using the Langley plot method, and each observation is traceable to the international system of units (SI) through the radiometer calibration performed at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). Approximately 590 lunar observations acquired between March 2018 and December 2022 currently contribute to the model parameter derivation, which builds on the widely used ROLO (Robotic Lunar Observatory) model analytical formulation. This paper presents the strategy used to derive LIME parameters: the characterisation of the lunar radiometer, the derivation of nightly top-of-atmosphere lunar irradiance and a description of the model parameter derivation, along with the associated metrologically rigorous uncertainty. The model output has been compared to PROBA-V, Pléiades and Sentinel-3B, as well as to the VITO implementation of the ROLO model. Initial results indicate that LIME predicts 3 %–5 % higher lunar-disc-integrated irradiance than the ROLO model for the visible and near-infrared channels. The model output has an expanded (k=2) radiometric uncertainty of ∼ 2 % at the lunar radiometer wavelengths, and it is expected that planned observations until at least 2024 further constrain the model parameters in subsequent updates.
Lidar depolarization characterization using a reference system
Authors: Papetta Alkistis , Marenco Franco , Kezoudi Maria , Mamouri Rodanthi-Elisavet , Nisantzi Argyro , Baars Holger , Popovici Ioana Elisabeta , Goloub Philippe , Victori Stéphane , Sciare Jean 
Published: March 2024

Abstract. In this study, we present a new approach for the determination of polarization parameters of the Nicosia Cimel CE376 lidar system, using the PollyXT in Limassol as a reference instrument. The method is applied retrospectively to the measurements obtained during the 2021 Cyprus Fall Campaign. Lidar depolarization measurements represent valuable information for aerosol typing and for the quantification of some specific aerosol types such as dust and volcanic ash. An accurate characterization is required for quality measurements and to remove instrumental artifacts. In this article, we use the PollyXT, a widely used depolarization lidar, as our reference to evaluate the CE376 system's gain ratio and channel cross-talk. We use observations of transported dust from desert regions for this approach, with layers in the free troposphere. Above the boundary layer and the highest terrain elevation of the region, we can expect that, for long-range transport of aerosols, local effects should not affect the aerosol mixture enough for us to expect similar depolarization properties at the two stations (separated by ∼ 60 km). Algebraic equations are used to derive polarization parameters from the comparison of the volume depolarization ratio measured by the two systems. The applied methodology offers a promising opportunity to evaluate the polarization parameters of a lidar system, in cases where a priori knowledge of the cross-talk parameters is not available, or to transfer the polarization parameters from one system to the other.
Making geoscientific lab data FAIR: a conceptual model for a geophysical laboratory database
Authors: Nordsiek Sven , Halisch Matthias 
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The term of geoscientific laboratory measurements involves a variety of methods in geosciences. Accordingly, the resulting data comprise many different data types, formats, and sizes, respectively. Handling such a diversity of data, e.g. by storing the data in a generally applicable database, is difficult. Some discipline-specific approaches exist, but a geoscientific laboratory database that is generally applicable to different geoscientific disciplines has been lacking up to now. However, making research data available to scientists beyond a particular community has become increasingly important. Global working groups such as the Committee on Data of the International Science Council (CODATA) put effort in the development of tools to improve research data handling. International standards (e.g. ISO 19156) and ontologies (e.g. UCUM) provide a general framework for certain aspects that are elemental for the development of database models. However, these abstract models need to be adapted to meet the requirements of the geoscientific community. Within a pilot project of the NFDI4Earth initiative, we developed a conceptual model for a geoscientific laboratory database. To be able to handle the complex settings of geoscientific laboratory studies, flexibility and extensibility are key attributes of the presented approach. The model is intended to follow the FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) data principles to facilitate interdisciplinary applicability. In this study, we consider different procedures from existing database models and include these methods in the conceptual model.
Edukasi Penggunaan Media Sosial Kepada Masyarakat di Desa Cigadog
Authors: Kurniawati Ani 
Published: March 2024

Media sosial yaitu media pada internet yang memungkinkan penggunanya untuk dapat mempresentasikan dirinya sekaligus sebagai media untuk berinteraksi secara sosial di dunia maya. Berkomunikasi secara virtual dengan pengguna lain membentuk sosial banding. Dalam media sosial, terbentuk tiga wujud yang merujuk untuk makna bersosial. Yaitu, cognition, communicate dan cooperation. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa media sosial sudah sebagai cara baru untuk berkomunikasi saat ini. Seiring dengan perkembangannya, media sosial juga berpengaruh terhadap perubahan sosial masyarakat. Perubahan - perubahan dalam hubungan sosial atau sebagai perubahan terhadap keseimbangan hubungan sosial. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, media sosial memiliki dampak positif dan negatif. Dampak positif penggunaan media sosial secara nyata telah membawa pengaruh terhadap perubahan sosial masyarakat kearah yang lebih baik tetapi dampak negatif cenderung membawa perubahan sosial masyarakat yang menghilangkan nilai – nilai atau norma di masyarakat Indonesia. Dengan hadirnya media sosial sebagai teknologi baru, tentu saja cara hidup manusia juga akan mengalami perubahan.
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS USING THE SHARIA CONFORMITY AND PROFITABILITY (SCNP) MODEL IN ASSESSING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PT. BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA TBK PERIOD 2015-2019
Authors: Sukmawati  , Hasbi Hasbi , Haslindah  
Published: March 2024

Financial statements are records of the financial information of a company for a certain period that can be used to describe the company's performance. Financial statements aim to provide financial information in a company at a certain time period that can be used by parties who need financial statements. This study aims to determine the financial performance of Bank Muamalat Indonesia for the 2015-2019 period using the Sharia Conformity and Profitability (SCnP) Model. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with documentation method. The data used is secondary data in the form of financial reports obtained from the official website of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. This study assesses two indicators, namely Sharia Conformity and Profitability, Sharia Conformity can be measured using investment, income and profit sharing ratios. While Profitability can be measured using ROA, ROE and Profit Margin. The results of the study using the Sharia Conformity and Profitability (SCnP) Model at Bank Muamalat Indonesia show the distribution into two different quadrants, namely in the Lower Right Quadrant (LRQ) and Lower Left Quadrant (LLQ).

Kata kunci: laporan, keuangan, bank, kesesuaian syariah dan profitabilitas.
Ottoman Landscapes: Over Mountains, Plains, and Waterways
Authors: Gustafson James M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Two recent works in Ottoman history, Faisal Husain’s Rivers of the Sultan and Chris Gratien’s The Unsettled Plain have brought environmental themes to the forefront of the field. These works demonstrate the importance of attending to seemingly peripheral areas like the highlands of southern Anatolia and the Tigris-Euphrates basin in Iraq, where in fact central issues of Ottoman imperialism are most visible. In these works, we find the management of diverse ecological zones as a critical feature of how the Ottoman state functioned. By centering the experiences of people, animals, plants, and disease across highlands, waterways, farms, pastures, and marshes, Husain and Gratien have prepared the way for a more inclusive form of historical writing in Ottoman studies.