bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of neonatal cryptosporidial gastroenteritis on epigenetic programming of rat hepatocytes
Authors: Anatskaya Olga V. , Sidorenko Nina V. , Vinogradov Alexander E. , Beyer Tamara V. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractInflammation, malnutrition and growth retardation during critical time‐windows of development play a powerful role in ontogenetic programming of the life‐long risk to many adult diseases (including metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes). Cellular mechanisms and the accurate timing and duration of critical periods for the liver remain obscure. To resolve this problem, we developed a postnatal suckling‐weanling rat model of mild, moderate, and acute gastroenteritis challenged by a protozoan parasitic spread throughout the whole world, namely Cryptosporidium parvum. The physiological state of the liver was evaluated by hepatocyte ploidy and protein content that were measured by cytophotometry and image analysis on isolated cells. Hepatocyte ploidy is known to irreversibly increase after stress and is associated with the decrease in liver physiological capacity. Hepatocyte hypertrophy reflects cell functional loading. From our results, cryptosporidiosis is able to provoke a burst in premature hepatocyte polyploidization and hypertrophy (in proportion to parasitic load), and thus plays an important role in epigenetic programming of hepatocyte structure and function. We revealed two sensitive periods in liver growth. The first period (the less sensitive) covers the time before the establishment of homoiothermy, i.e. 6–9 days after birth. The second period (the more sensitive) covers the time of weaning when the change of type of nutrition and the peak of hepatocyte polyploidization and differentiation occurs. Thus, our data provide direct evidence that phenomenon of ontogenetic programming is reflected at the cellular level.
Postnatal development of GABA and calbindin cells and fibers in the prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Brummelte Susanne , Witte Veronica , Teuchert‐Noodt Gertraud 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe postnatal maturation of immunohistochemically stained gamma‐amino‐butyric acid (GABA) and calbindin (CB) cells and fibers were quantitatively examined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Animals of different ages, ranging from juvenile (postnatal day (PD)14, PD20, PD30), to adolescent (PD70), adult (PD180, PD540) and aged (PD720) were analyzed. Results reveal an increase in GABAergic fiber densities between PD14‐20 in the PFC and the BLA with a concomitant decrease in cell density. After PD70 GABA fiber density slightly decreases again in the BLA, while there is a further slow but significant increase in the PFC between PD70 and PD540. Fibers immunoreactive for the calcium binding‐protein CB, which is predominantly localized in particular GABAergic subpopulations, also accumulate between PD14 and PD20 in the PFC and BLA, while a concomitant decrease in cell density is only seen in the BLA. Both areas reveal a decrease of CB cells between PD30 and PD70, which parallels with a decrease of CB fibers in the PFC. However, there is no particular ‘aging‐effect’ in the fiber or cell densities of GABA or CB in any of the investigated areas in old animals.In conclusion, we here demonstrate long‐term dynamics in cell and fiber densities of the GABAergic system until late in development which might correspond to the prolonged maturation of other neuroanatomical and functional systems.
An analysis of decentralized collection and processing of end‐of‐life products
Authors: Karakayali Ibrahim , Emir‐Farinas Hülya , Akcali Elif 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this study, we analyze decentralized collection and processing operations for end‐of‐life products in durable goods industries. We consider a durable end‐of‐life product from which a particular part can be dismantled and remanufactured, and the remainder of the product can be further processed for part and/or material recovery. Both the quantity of end‐of‐life products available and the demand for remanufactured parts are price‐sensitive. We develop models to determine the optimal acquisition price of the end‐of‐life products and the selling price of the remanufactured parts in centralized as well as remanufacturer‐ and collector‐driven decentralized channels. We discuss how the decentralized channels can be coordinated to attain the end‐of‐life product collection rate that can be achieved in the centralized channel. In the presence of environmental regulations that require an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) of durable goods to collect and process its end‐of‐life products, we identify when and why the OEM would prefer a remanufacturer‐ or a collector‐driven channel, i.e., outsource the processing or the collection activity, respectively. From a practical perspective, we show that the OEM should prefer a collector‐driven channel to increase the collection rate, when end‐of‐life products are homogenous. However, we also show that the OEM would prefer a remanufacturer‐driven channel under certain conditions. We also examine how the OEM can increase the quantity of used products collected, when the collection rate in the preferred channel setting falls short of the collection rate mandated by the environmental regulation. When end‐of‐life products are heterogeneous, we observe that the collection rate for all quality groups can be positive in a remanufacturer‐driven channel, whereas the collection rate for some quality groups may be zero. This indicates that the OEM must pay more attention to its outsourcing decision in this case, if the environmental regulation in effect specifies target collection rates for individual quality groups.
Remote control and maintenance outsourcing networks and its applications in supply chain management
Authors: Persona Alessandro , Regattieri Alberto , Pham Hoang , Battini Daria 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe paper analyzes the impact of e‐business technologies on maintenance management and supply chain operations. The aim of this work is to investigate the network organization level of supply chains in case of remote maintenance application and to understand how maintenance policies are coupled with information technology (IT) solutions. To this purpose two literature reviews are presented: firstly, on the supply chain and network integration, and then on the evolution of maintenance using information technology. Following this, the paper present four specific industrial case‐studies of eMRO network organisation. They have been chosen as reference models from a set of practical applications and pilot tests performed by the authors in different production sectors in the last 5 years. Technology complexity environments, maintenance outsourcing level, and supply chain integration context are discussed for each case‐studies with particular regards to the profitable forms of collaboration provided by the introduction of IT and the Web. This analysis work toward the development of a framework useful to: (1) classify different e‐maintenance systems and understand the relationships between the different members of the network, and (2) identify the variables which can influence the introduction and development of the systems.
Adolescents: those we speak of and those we don't
Authors: Chiland Colette 
Published: January 2007

The professionals and the media pay a great deal of attention to adolescents who smoke, who use and abuse alcohol and drugs, who are sexually active, who don't work, and who travel around the world with guitar, long hair and unisex jeans. They are real.But other adolescents are real too. They resemble those we were and are a silent crowd who do not attract attention.Perhaps this old fashioned adolescent is still present behind the current claims for independence and behind all the semblance of change. We risk not recognizing the needs of our adolescents if we remain prisoners of our defensive attitudes and counter‐transference, our intolerance, fear, envy and distress.Adolescence is still a period of growth. Adolescents need protection and support. This responsibility must be taken by parental figures who have to be both solid and survivors, so as to help adolescents “through the doldrums”.
Towards a typology of behaviour patterns among West Indian adolescents
Authors: Louden Delroy M. 
Published: January 2007

The internal‐external control dimension (I.E.) derived from social learning theory described two characteristic “world views” or generalized expectancies concerning reinforcement. One group of individuals view the locus of causality for personality relevant events as external. Others view events as products of their own actions. Thus, individuals are conceived as varying along a “Locus of Control” dimension, with the end points labelled internal and external.In a study of 375 adolescents, the author investigated the prediction of the locus of control and simultaneously self‐esteem. This paper describes four behaviour patterns that occur with some regularity in West Indian adolescents. These categories are relative, not absolute. Nevertheless, most pupils observed in the course of this research displayed certain traits and qualities to such a degree that their behaviour could be viewed as more representative of one of the conceptual categories than others.
Adolescents' experiences of parental separation and divorce
Authors: Mitchell Ann K. 
Published: January 2007

This paper reports preliminary results of interviews with 71 divorced parents and 50 of their adolescent children. The interviews took place five to six years after divorce, and the sample was reasonably representative of divorced Edinburgh families having children aged 10–13 at divorce.Qualitative analysis shows a lack of explanations to children about the reasons for their parents' separation. The children's feclings are described, together with their experiences of custody and of access or lack of access. Finally, the children's reactions are given to their parents' new partners. Some of the children remain unconvinced of the need for their parents to separate, and some are still sad, and hurt.
“THE TRUTH OF MIDNIGHT”: APOCALYPTIC INSOMNIA IN JAMES THOMSON'S THE CITY OF DREADFUL NIGHT
Authors: Mills Kevin 
Published: January 2007

“… of Night, but not of Sleep” James Thomson, The City of Dreadful NightJAMES (BV) THOMSON'S insomnia is well documented. Bertram Dobell's memoir of the poet makes several mentions of it, as do critics of his work such as Robert Crawford, Edwin Morgan, and William Sharpe. Although widely acknowledged and noted as a significant biographical detail by critics, Thomson's insomnia has not been examined in terms of its relation to the specifically apocalyptic tone in some of his work. It is this curious relationship and its implications for the reading of his long poem The City of Dreadful Night which form the focus of this paper.
Evolving standards and infrastructure for systems biology: SBML, SBGN, and BioModels.net
Authors: Hucka Michael 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSystems biology has arisen through the convergence of theoretical, computational, and mathematical modeling of systems and the need to understand the wealth of information being rapidly generated in biology. Systems biology by its nature requires collaborations between scientists with expertise in biology, chemistry, computer sciences, engineering, mathematics, and physics. Successful integration of these disciplines depends on bringing to bear both social and technological tools: namely, consortia that help forge collaborations and common understanding, software tools that permit analysis of vast and complex data, and agreed-upon standards that enable researchers to communicate and reuse each other's results in practical and unambiguous ways. In this presentation, I will discuss several international projects (SBML, SBGN, and BioModels.net) aimed at addressing the last issue.An important prerequisite for effective sharing of computational models is reaching agreement on how to communicate them, both between software and between humans. The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) project is an effort to create a machine-readable format for representing computational models at the biochemical reaction level. By supporting SBML as an input and output format, different software tools can operate on the same representation of a model, removing chance for errors in translation and assuring a common starting point for analyses and simulations. SBML has become the most successful effort in this direction so far, with nearly 100 software tools supporting it today.A recently-created sister project is the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) project. It addresses the issue of consistent human communication, by attempting to add more rigor and consistency to the graphical network diagrams that often accompany published research on models of biological reaction systems. The real payoff will come when more people and software adopt such a common visual notation and it becomes as familiar to them as circuit schematics are to electronics engineers.Finally, when developing and publishing computational models, it is only natural to want to put them into a database. The BioModels.net project is an effort to (1) provide a free, centralized, publicly-accessible database of human-curated computational models in SBML and other structured formats; (2) define agreed-upon standards for model curation; and (2) define agreed-upon vocabularies for annotating models with connections to biological data resources.
Effects of Dexibuprofen on Platelet Function in Humans
Authors: González-Correa José Antonio , Arrebola María Monsalud , Martín-Salido Eva , Muñoz-Marín Javier , de la Cuesta Felipe Sánchez , De La Cruz José Pedro 
Published: January 2007

Background
The aim of the current study is to evaluate the antiplatelet effect of dexibuprofen in healthy volunteers in comparison with low-dose aspirin.

Methods
Healthy volunteers (n = 12) were treated in a crossover manner with 100 mg daily aspirin or with 800 mg daily dexibuprofen. Blood samples were obtained within 24 h; 3, 7, and 14 days after repeated doses; and 24 h after the last dose. In each sample, the authors measured platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, and nitric oxide.

Results
The antiplatelet effect of dexibuprofen (maximal inhibition of aggregation was 48-55% for adenosine diphosphate and 90-95% for collagen and arachidonic acid) was equal to the effect of aspirin. The main difference between the two drugs was in the degree of recovery of platelet function. The effect of aspirin persisted for 24 h after the last dose (remaining inhibition 50%, respect to the pretreatment value), whereas platelet aggregation had returned to baseline pretreatment values within 24 h after dexibuprofen was stopped.

Conclusions
Both aspirin and dexibuprofen inhibited platelet function with a similar intensity, but dexibuprofen exerted a reversible effect for 24 h after the last dose.
Functional activity of CD44 isoforms in haemopoiesis of the rat
Authors: Khaldoyanidi Sophia , Schnabel Doris , Föhr Nicole , Zöller Margot 
Published: January 2007

Summary. Expression of CD44 is involved in the maturation as well as the homing of haemopoietic progenitor cells. Whether these processes are mediated by CD44 standard (CD44s) or variant (CD44v) isoforms is unknown. To assign functional activities of CD44 in haemopoiesis of the rat to distinct isoforms, ligand binding of haemopoietic progenitor cells was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies recognizing an epitope on CD44s (0x50) or CD44 exon v6 (1.1 ASML).The vast majority of rat bone marrow cells (BMC) as well as stromal cells and non‐adherent cells in long‐term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) expressed CD44s. Bone marrow cells and non‐adherent cells in LTBMC, but not the stromal cells, also contained a population of large and granulated cells, which stained with anti‐CD44v6. In vivo and in vitro reconstitution experiments revealed that homing of BMC as well as settlement on stromal elements was influenced exclusively by anti‐CD44s, which also inhibited proliferation of progenitor cells. Anti‐CD44v6 had no influence on homing and seeding, but interfered with stroma formation and progenitor maturation. Finally. restoration of functional activity of T‐lineage cells was impaired in the presence of anti‐CD44v6.The data indicate that CD44s and CD44v6 fulfilled distinct functions in haemopoiesis of the rat. Although CD44s facilitated homing and expansion of stem cells/progenitor cells, CD44v6 was involved in differentiation processes, particularly of lymphoid progenitor cells.
Shrinkage of initially very wet soil blocks, cores and clods from a range of European Andosol horizons
Authors: Bartoli F. , Begin J. C. , Burtin G. , Schouller E. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryIn advanced stages of volcanic ash soil formation, when more clay is formed, soil porosity values and soil water retention capacities are large and the soils show pronounced shrinkage on drying. Soil shrinkage is a key issue in volcanic soil environments because it often occurs irreversibly when topsoils dry out after changes from permanent grassland or forest to agriculture. European Andosols have developed in a wide range of climatic conditions, leading to a wide range in intensity of both weathering and organo‐mineral interactions. The question arises as to whether these differences affect their shrinkage properties. We aimed to identify common physically based shrinkage laws which could be derived from soil structure, the analysis of soil constituents, the selected sampling size and the drying procedure. We found that the final volumetric shrinkage of the initially field‐wet (56–86% of total porosity) or capillary‐wet (87–100% of total porosity) undisturbed soil samples was negatively related to initial bulk density and positively related to initial capillary porosity (volumetric soil water content of soil cores after capillary rise). These relationships were linear for the soil clods of 3–8 cm3, with final shrinkage ranging from 21.2 to 52.2%. For soil blocks of 240 cm3 and soil cores of 28.6 cm3 we found polynomial and exponential relationships, respectively, with thresholds separating shrinkage and nearly non‐shrinkage domains, and larger shrinkage values for the soil cores than for the soil blocks. For a given sample size, shrinkage was more pronounced in the most weathered and most porous Andosol horizons, rich in Al‐humus, than in the less weathered and less porous Andosol horizons, poor in Al‐humus. The Bw horizons, being more weathered and more porous, shrank more than the Ah horizons. We showed that the structural approach combining drying kinetics under vacuum, soil water analysis and mercury porosimetry is useful for relating water loss and shrinkage to soil structure and its dynamics. We also found that the more shrinkage that occurred in the Andosol horizon, the more pronounced was its irreversible mechanical change.
Changes in the macro‐pore structure of restored soil caused by compaction beneath heavy agricultural machinery: a morphometric study
Authors: Schäffer B. , Stauber M. , Müller R. , Schulin R. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryCompaction can seriously degrade soil in modern agriculture. Soil that has been temporarily removed and stored is particularly sensitive to compaction when restored, although little is known about the structural changes in such soils under mechanical loads. We investigated the structural changes in a restored soil that had been gently cultivated for several years and then was trafficked by a heavy combine harvester, analysing the macro‐pore structure by quantitative morphometry of three‐dimensional microcomputed tomography images. Increased trafficking caused decreases in both the porosity and connectivity of the macro‐pores. The fraction of spherical pores (and thus the convexity of the pore space) and the mean pore separation were increased. Trafficking had no clear effect on the orientation of pores. While the mean pore diameter tended to decrease, biopores were more stable than interaggregate pores originating from the packing of soil aggregates. This is relevant for the development of structural stability in restored soils, as the macro‐pores consist mainly of interaggregate pores initially, whereas biopores develop and increase in proportion only gradually over time. Quantitative morphometry provides valuable morphological indices for the objective assessment of the macro‐pore structure and changes induced by compaction.
Characterization of Minaçu virus (Reoviridae: Orbivirus) and pathological changes in experimentally infected newborn mice
Authors: Martins Lívia C. , Diniz José A. P. , Silva Eliana V. P. , Barros Vera L. R. S. , Monteiro Hamilton A. O. , Azevedo Raimunda S. S. , Quaresma Juarez A. S. , Vasconcelos Pedro F. C. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryMinaçu virus was isolated from Ochlerotatus scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Minaçu, Goiás State, Brazil, in 1996. In attempting characterization of virus serological (hemagluttination inhibition, HI; indirect immunofluorescence assay, IFA), physicochemical [test for deoxycholate acid (DCA) sensitivity; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)] tests and ultrastructural studies were made. Virus was also assayed in suckling mice after intracerebral inoculation of 0.02 ml and in VERO and C6/36 cells with 0.1 ml of viral suspension containing 105 LD50/ml. Inoculated and control systems were observed daily. Every 24 h, one control and two inoculated animals were killed for tissue testing, including histopathological changes by haematoxylin and eosin (HE)‐stained sections, which were semi‐quantified. Research into viral antigen in the tissues of mice [central nervous system (CNS), liver, heart, lungs, spleen and kidneys] was carried out by the immunohistochemical technique using the peroxidase system. The virus only replicated in VERO cells, with antigen positive by IFA. Positive complement fixation tests were only obtained using antiserum of Minaçu virus. Minaçu virus is DCA resistant; haemagglutinating activity was negative. By electronic microscopy non‐enveloped virus particles were 75 nm in diameter. PAGE analysis showed Minaçu virus genome profile with 10 RNA segments. Infected, non‐killed animals died 7 days after inoculation. Tissue lesions were observed in all organs, except the lungs. Intense lesions were observed in the CNS and the heart, where neurone and cardiocyte necroses, respectively, were noted. The liver, spleen and kidneys had moderate tissue changes. Viral antigens were more abundant in the CNS and the heart, and absent in the lungs. In conclusion, Minaçu virus belongs to the family Reoviridae, genus Orbivirus.