bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The definition of the state value in terms of functional quintessence
Authors: Pevko S. G. 
Published: April 2024

The article examines the issue of the quintessence of the State's axiology in terms of functional definition. For the purpose of the study, the scientific issue is divided into components which are the substantive elements of the scientific problem. First of all, the issue of the essence of the State as a legal phenomenon is revealed, which is the main basis for the emergence of the scientific problem. The relevant views of scholars on the definition of the State are also considered. It has been concluded that the State is a sovereign, political and territorial organisation of society, on the territory of which there are authorities, legal system and taxation system, as well as other additional elements. The author further provides the features inherent in the State which constitute its ontology.
Based on a comprehensive analysis of the essence of the concept of “state”, the article presents some theories of the origin of the state which reflect the purpose of its emergence and existence. The most common theories of the origin of the State include: patriarchal, contractual, violence, organic, and psychological. After analysing some of the theories, the author concludes that the purpose of the State’s emergence and existence is to unite society, resolve disputes and develop it.
The quintessence and diversity of the functions of the State are analysed. As a result, it has been concluded that the functions of the State are a set of activities and processes whose impact is directed at society. Differentiation of functions also has different manifestations. Some scholars distinguish between basic and additional functions, some – internal and external. Internal functions include, for example, regulatory, defence, etc., while external functions include diplomatic and economic (in the context of foreign activities). Based on the analysis of the functions of the State which reflect the directions of its influence on society and which are regulatory in nature (and the very essence of the State is organisational in nature), the article concludes that the axiology of the State in terms of the functional definition is to organise society with the help of its inherent properties and to regulate social relations on the basis of its existing functions with a view to social development.
Design of a Circular Disc Microstrip Antenna Loaded By Annular Ring
Authors: شعبان رائد مسلم 
Published: April 2024

The research contained in this thesis is a theoretical study of antenna design and calculation of the radiation fields using electric fields integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic field integral equation (MFIE). These equation have been converted, using the method of moments formulation of electromagnetic radiation in this these based onthe bodies of revolution (BoR),which are generated by revolution a planar curve about an axis called axis of symmetry. To find an unknown electric current density on the surface of the conductor ,and both unknowns electric and magnetic density current on the surface of the dielectric which are responsible for the generation of radiationfields in the space for the components (Eθ ,Eφ) ,the surface currents was represented by a set of basis functions that give the Fourier series because the body has a circular symmetry property and then select a set of weighted functions to find a linear system by using Galerkin method which requires that the weighted functions are equal to the complex conjugate of the current JW = )( * .
Influencia de las creencias de los estudiantes en la resolución de problemas en Educación Matemática
Authors: Fajardo Valencia Arnulfo , Benítez Mojica David 
Published: April 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir al conocimiento de las creencias que tienen los estudiantes de educación secundaria sobre las matemáticas. El análisis se ha enfocado en dar respuesta a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuál es el concepto de creencia en el marco de la educación matemática?; ¿Cuáles son las creencias más comunes que tienen los estudiantes de secundaria sobre la resolución de problemas?; ¿Cómo inciden algunas creencias de los estudiantes en la resolución de problemas de matemáticas? Identificamos a partir de la literatura; algunas creencias personales e idiosincráticas que pueden incidir en la forma cómo los estudiantes reaccionan frente al aprendizaje de las matemáticas y determinan la manera como abordan la solución de un problema. Concluimos que los maestros deben generar estrategias que permitan identificar las creencias que tienen los estudiantes sobre las matemáticas, reforzar las que inciden positivamente y transformar las que sean necesarias para favorecer el análisis y la resolución de problemas
Interpretación de gráficos: el uso de GeoGebra
Authors: Álvarez Marisa , Murúa Rodolfo 
Published: April 2024

Son bien conocidos los problemas donde los alumnos y las alumnas tienen que interpretar y “leer” información de un gráfico de una función (o de una relación entre dos variables) dada una situación en contexto extramatemático. Aquí suelen incluirse preguntas para hallar el correspondiente de cierto valor de abscisa (u ordenada), donde a veces la información puede deducirse de forma exacta y otras aproximada. También se pueden analizar variaciones o cuestiones que tengan que ver con el crecimiento o decrecimiento de la función. Ahora bien, ¿qué ocurre si el gráfico viene dado en GeoGebra? Los procedimientos (o las técnicas) para deducir información de él, ¿son las mismas que al trabajar con lápiz y papel? En este artículo anticiparemos distintos tipos de procedimientos que podrían implementar las y los estudiantes. Algunos de ellos están más cercanos al trabajo realizado en lápiz y papel y otros, en nuestra opinión, son sumamente novedosos. Por otro lado, nos podemos preguntar cuáles son los aportes, en cuanto a conocimientos matemáticos, que brinda el programa al trabajar con gráficos “dinámicos”. Cabe aclarar que cualquier potencialidad que tenga el software no se puede desligar de la intencionalidad docente.
Extensiones de los teoremas del valor medio del análisis de una variable
Authors: Pérez Teruel Ginés R. 
Published: April 2024

En este trabajo los teoremas del valor medio de Lagrange y Cauchy para funciones reales de variable real son extendidos, incluyendo el caso de la función compuesta. Para ello se sigue un razonamiento inductivo, partiendo de la exploración de casos particulares hasta llegar a una expresión general, procediendo por tanto de lo particular a lo general. El contenido del trabajo puede ser de utilidad para docentes de Matemática como material complementario y de ampliación en sus clases.
The application of propensity score methods in observational studies
Authors: Zhao Yuejuan 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionIn research, it is crucial to accurately estimate treatment effects and analyze experimental results. Common methods include comparing outcome differences between different groups and using linear regression models for analysis. However, observational studies may have significantly different distributions of confounding variables between control and treatment groups, leading to errors in estimating treatment effects.MethodsThe propensity score methods can address this issue by weighting or matching samples to approximate the scenario of a randomized experiment and allow for more accurate estimation of treatment this paper.ResultsWe use propensity score methods to analyze three datasets from observational studies and draw conclusions different from those in the original text. Furthermore, we simulate three scenarios, and the results demonstrate the superiority of propensity score methods over methods such as linear regression in addressing selection bias.DiscussionTherefore, it is essential to thoroughly consider the characteristics of the data and select appropriate methods to ensure reliable conclusions in practical data analysis.
Refraining from culture-related discussions in English as a foreign language classrooms: lessons from negative cases
Authors: Lavrenteva Evgenia , Orland-Barak Lily 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThis study examined the factors that determined English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teacher decisions to refrain extending the use of culture-related classroom discussions. Specifically, we focused on the episodes in which teachers decided against holding specific culture-related discussions, to better understand the reasons for limited inclusion of diverse cultural content.MethodsIn our examination of the data, we opted for the Theory of Planned Behavior as a lens to interpret teachers' motives for deciding at will not to have a culture-related discussion. The study followed negative case methodology to gain insight into why teachers avoided classroom discussions about culture. Within this methodology, we applied the Possibility Principle to define and select relevant sample of cases. To analyse the cases, we employed hybrid approach of qualitative methods of thematic analysis.ResultsA thematic analysis of teacher interviews (N = 30) revealed that Israeli EFL teachers' decisions to refrain from culture-related classroom discussions were influenced by their personal norms and attitudes, perceptions of their roles as teachers, social conventions, and expectations of various school stakeholders. Specifically, we found that the major barriers to conducting culturally-related classroom conversations in the Arab sector had to do with the values endorsed by the school culture, with teachers' tendency to avoid taboo topics in their teaching due to concerns about how students would react or become alienated. For immigrant teachers, personal norms and perceptions of control operated as key factors in their decisions to avoid sensitive issues. Majority teachers cited negative attitudes, moral panics, school culture and perceptions of control as principal reasons for avoiding controversial topics.DiscussionThe emergent patterns are discussed as embedded in the cultural and social norms with possible implications for teaching in the multicultural classroom.
Impact of the diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Ji-Qiao , Liu Jia-Zong , Yang Shi-Wei , Ren Zhang-Yong , Ye Xiao-Yong , Liu Zhe , Li Xian-Liang , Han Dong-Dong , He Qiang 
Published: April 2024

PurposeWhether the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty disease has a different impact on liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma is not yet clear.MethodsData from a two-center retrospective cohort study were collected to compare and investigate the differences between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis among liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma.ResultsA total of 268 liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma were included. The prevalence among pre- and post-transplant metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease was 10.82% and 30.22%, while for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, it was 7.09% and 26.87%, respectively. The clinicopathological parameters were similar between the two pre-transplant groups. In contrast, the post-transplant group with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease exhibited a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and a greater body mass index. However, the other parameters were similar between the two post-transplant groups (p &gt; 0.05). Factors such as the largest tumor size &gt; 4 cm, microvascular invasion, lack of tumor capsule, post-transplant metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, and decreased post-transplant lymphocyte percentage were related to an increased risk of recurrence.ConclusionIn patients undergone liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma, the diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty disease is more strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities than the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and is an independent predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence.
Intraoperative radiofrequency ablation for unresectable abdominal paraganglioma: a case report
Authors: Magalhaes Isabelle P. A. , Boger Bibiana D. , Gomes Nathalia L. , Martins Guilherme L. P. , Bomfim Leomarques A. , Fagundes Gustavo F. C. , Rocha Roberta S. , Coelho Fernando M. A. , Chambo Jose L. , Latronico Ana Claudia , Fragoso Maria Candida B. V. , Hoff Ana O. , Mendonca Berenice B. , Menezes Marcos R. , Almeida Madson Q. 
Published: April 2024

For pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), the efficacy of percutaneous ablative therapies in achieving control of metastatic tumors measuring &lt;3 cm had been demonstrated in only few reports, and intraoperative radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of locally invasive primary PPGLs has not been reported. We presented the case of a 31-year-old man who had a 9-cm functioning unresectable PPGL. He was treated with 13 cycles of cytotoxic chemotherapy without objective tumor response, according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Subsequently, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 9.0 × 8.6 × 6.0-cm retroperitoneal mass that extended to the inferior portion of the inferior vena cava, the inferior mesenteric artery, and the infrarenal aorta. Biochemical evaluation demonstrated high level of plasma normetanephrine (20.2 nmol/L, normal range &lt;0.9 nmol/L). Genetic investigation showed the germline pathogenic variant c.1591delC (p. Ser198Alafs*22) in the SDHB gene. I131-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy was negative and Ga68-dotatate PET-CT scan showed high tumor uptake without distant metastases. On open laparotomy, tumor debulking was not possible. Therefore, intraoperative RFA was performed by a highly experienced team of interventional radiologists. At 12 months after the RFA, the tumor volume decreased from 208 to 45 mL (78%), plasma normetanephrine decreased from 20.2 to 2.6 nmol/L (87%), and the doxazosin dose was reduced from 16 to 8 mg/day. To our best knowledge, this was the first report on intraoperative RFA that markedly reduced the size of a large primary unresectable PPGL, along with clinical and biochemical responses.
The association between lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and all-cause mortality in obese hypertensive patients with diabetes and without diabetes: results from the cohort study of NHANES 2001–2018
Authors: Wang Lixia , Gao Jie , Liu Bing , Fu Youliang , Yao Zhihui , Guo Shanshan , Song Ziwei , Zhang Zhaoyuan , He Jiaojiao , Wang Congxia , Ma Weidong , Wu Feng 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveObesity, hypertension and diabetes are high prevalent that are often associated with poor outcomes. They have become major global health concern. Little research has been done on the impact of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) on outcomes in these patients. Thus, we aimed to explore the association between LMR and all-cause mortality in obese hypertensive patients with diabetes and without diabetes.MethodsThe researchers analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2018), which included 4,706 participants. Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to compare survival rate between different groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models with trend tests and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis and were used to investigate the relationship between the LMR and all-cause mortality. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess whether there was an interaction between the variables.ResultsThe study included a total of 4706 participants with obese hypertension (48.78% male), of whom 960 cases (20.40%) died during follow-up (median follow-up of 90 months). Kaplan–Meier curves suggested a remarkable decrease in all-cause mortality with increasing LMR value in patients with diabetes and non-diabetes (P for log-rank test &lt; 0.001). Moreover, multivariable Cox models demonstrated that the risk of mortality was considerably higher in the lowest quartile of the LMR and no linear trend was observed (P &gt; 0.05). Furthermore, the RCS analysis indicated a non-linear decline in the risk of death as LMR values increased (P for nonlinearity &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsIncreased LMR is independently related with reduced all-cause mortality in patients with obese hypertension, regardless of whether they have combined diabetes.
SARS-Cov-2 spike induces intestinal barrier dysfunction through the interaction between CEACAM5 and Galectin-9
Authors: Luo Yingshu , Zhang Zhenling , Ren Jiangnan , Dou Chunxu , Wen Jiancheng , Yang Yang , Li Xiaofeng , Yan Zhixiang , Han Yanzhi 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundCarcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5), as a typical tumor marker, has been found to exert immunomodulatory effects in many diseases. We previously reported the clinical and molecular evidences supporting that SARS-Cov-2 infected the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and found a reduction of CEACAM5 in COVID-19 patients’ feces which associated with gut dysbiosis. Yet the role of CEACAM5 in GI infection is ill-defined.MethodsMice models were established through intraperitoneally injecting with recombinant viral spike-Fc to mimic the intestinal inflammation. We collected duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon samples after 6h, 2 days, 4 days and 7 days of spike-Fc or control-Fc injection to perform proteomic analysis. Blood was collected from healthy donors and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were separated by density gradient centrifugation, then CD4+ T cells were isolated with magnetic beads and co-cultured with Caco-2 cells.ResultsIn addition to intestinal CEACAM5, the expression of tight junction and the percent of CD4+ T lymphocytes were significantly decreased in spike-Fc group compared to control (p &lt; 0.05), accompanied with increased level of inflammatory factors. The KEGG analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), tight junction, focal adhesion, adherens junction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified the interaction between CEACAM5 and Galectin-9 that was also verified by molecular docking and co-IP assay. We further confirmed a reduction of CEACAM5 in SARS-CoV-2 spike stimulated enterocytes could promote the expression of Galectin-9 protein in CD4+T cells. Then it gave rise to the increasing release of inflammatory factors and increased apoptosis of CD4+T cells by inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Ultimately intestinal barrier dysfunction happened.ConclusionOur results indicated that CEACAM5 overexpression and Galectin-9 knockdown played a protective role in intestinal barrier injury upon spike-Fc stimulation. Collectively, our findings identified firstly that SARS-CoV-2 spike induced intestinal barrier dysfunction through the interaction between CEACAM5 and Galectin-9. The result provides potential therapeutic targets in intestinal barrier dysfunction for treating severe COVID patients.
Hesperidin - loaded PVA/alginate hydrogel: targeting NFκB/iNOS/COX-2/TNF-α inflammatory signaling pathway
Authors: Kodous Ahmad S. , Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa A. , El-Tayeb Mohamed A. , Al-Sherif Diana A. , Mohamed Suzan Shawky Abuelkasem , Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Emad Ayat M. , Abd El‐Halim Shady M. , Hagras Soheir A. A. , Mani Samson , Rao Arunagiri Kuha Deva Magendhra , Hussein Ahmed M. , Saada Helen N. 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionSkin injuries represent a prevalent form of physical trauma, necessitating effective therapeutic strategies to expedite the wound healing process. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid naturally occurring in citrus fruits, exhibits a range of pharmacological attributes, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and analgesic properties. The main objective of the study was to formulate a hydrogel with the intention of addressing skin conditions, particularly wound healing.MethodsThis research introduces a methodology for the fabrication of a membrane composed of a Polyvinyl alcohol - Sodium Alginate (PVA/A) blend, along with the inclusion of an anti-inflammatory agent, Hesperidin (H), which exhibits promising wound healing capabilities. A uniform layer of a homogeneous solution comprising PVA/A was cast. The process of crosslinking and the enhancement of hydrogel characteristics were achieved through the application of gamma irradiation at a dosage of 30 kGy. The membrane was immersed in a Hesperidin (H) solution, facilitating the permeation and absorption of the drug. The resultant system is designed to deliver H in a controlled and sustained manner, which is crucial for promoting efficient wound healing. The obtained PVA/AH hydrogel was evaluated for cytotoxicity, antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities, anti-inflammatory and membrane stability effect. In addition, its action on oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers was evaluated on BJ-1 human normal skin cell line.Results and DiscussionWe determined the effect of radical scavenging activity PVA/A (49 %) and PVA/AH (87%), the inhibition of Human red blood cell membrane hemolysis by PVA/AH (81.97 and 84.34 %), hypotonicity (83.68 and 76.48 %) and protein denaturation (83.17 and 85.8 %) as compared to 250 μg/ml diclofenac (Dic.) and aspirin (Asp.), respectively. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed an increased expression of genes associated with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and downregulated TNFα, NFκB, iNOS, and COX2 by 67, 52, 58 and 60%, respectively, by PVA/AH hydrogel compared to LPS-stimulated BJ-1 cells. The advantages associated with Hesperidin can be ascribed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes. The incorporation of Hesperidin into hydrogels offers promise for the development of a novel, secure, and efficient strategy for wound healing. This innovative approach holds potential as a solution for wound healing, capitalizing on the collaborative qualities of PVA/AH and gamma irradiation, which can be combined to establish a drug delivery platform for Hesperidin.