bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and monitoring of laryngeal nerves: technologies and problems. Review
Authors: Shidlovskyi V. O. , Shidlovskyi O. V. , Dyvak A. M. , Pryvrotskyi V. M. , Morozovych I. I. 
Published: April 2024

The review paper is devoted to an important problem of surgical treatment of thyroid diseases: avoiding injuries to the nerves of the larynx and the consequences associated with them. One of the ways to solve it is the identification and monitoring of nerves during surgery. An analysis of existing methods and technologies used for identification and monitoring of laryngeal nerves has been carried out. The issues of effectiveness and expediency of their application were considered. The definition of the terms «nerve identification» and «neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves» has been outlined. The term «nerve identification» defines the procedure for identifying a nerve among the tissues of a surgical wound. Neuromonitoring is the constant monitoring of the nerve during the operation. In the prevention of laryngeal nerve injuries, it is important to combine these two actions and follow their sequence, the nerve identification should be the first, following by its monitoring during the surgery. The authors singled out two stages in the processes of identification and neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves, electrical stimulation and recording the results of electrical stimulation. A detailed description of each of the stages is given, as well as methods and means of their implementation, technologies, positive and negative aspects. The author’s method of identification and neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves using a laryngeal mask is described, which is based on the neurochronaxic theory of sound formation. The authors conclude the advisability of the identification and neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves during operations on the thyroid gland, as they allow reducing the number of paresis of the larynx. Modern IONM technologies do not provide absolute accuracy. Some of them are technically complex, and the obtained results depend on many factors that significantly affect the reliability. The need to create a reliable, physiologically based, easy‑to‑use technology for identification and neuromonitoring of laryngeal nerves is emphasized.
Surgical rehabilitation of patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Poyda O. I. , Melnyk V. M. 
Published: April 2024

Objective — to enhance the outcomes of surgical rehabilitation for patients with Crohn’s disease through the improvement and implementation of organisational measures as well as general and specialised surgical strategies.
Materials and methods. The study focused on the development of organisational measures as well as general and specialised surgical rehabilitation procedures for Crohn’s disease. The research was conducted to determine the scope of radical surgical interventions for complications resulting from segmental lesions with extensive damage to the intestinal tract. The study also aimed to develop methods of restorative, reconstructive and restorative operations that would reduce the frequency of postoperative complications, disease recurrence, digestive disorders in the intestinal tract, malabsorption, and anal incontinence. Additionally, the study aimed to improve the functional outcomes and quality of life for operated patients.
Results. A total of 53 patients with Crohn’s disease — 28 (52.8%) men and 25 (47.2%) women — were operated on using specially designed surgical rehabilitation techniques. The patients undergoing surgery ranged in age from 19 to 45. 32 (60.4%) patients had segmental resections, while 21 (39.6%) had extensive resections. 8 (15.1%) patients underwent restorative operations, while 40 (75.4%) had reconstructive operations. A lifelong ileostomy was formed in 5 (9.4%) patients. Postoperative complications were observed in 12 (22.6%) patients, and disease relapses in 5 (9.4%) patients. One (1.8%) patient died after surgery. Positive functional outcomes, including improved digestion in the intestinal tract, normal absorption, and preservation of anal retention, were noted following restorative and reconstructive‑restorative operations.
Conclusions. Organisational measures as well as general and specialised surgical rehabilitation strategies for Crohn’s disease allowed for more effective diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications, better prevention of disease recurrence, improved digestion in the intestinal tract, normalised absorption processes, and preservation of anal retention. Following the implementation of specially designed surgical rehabilitation techniques, 20.7% and 1.8% of patients experienced early and late postoperative complications, respectively. Additionally, there were occurrences of postoperative mortality in 1.8% of patients and relapses in 9.4%. Severe forms of reflux ileitis, postcolectomy syndrome, and secondary anal incontinence syndrome were not observed.
Changes in the antibiotic-resistant properties of pathogenic microorganisms in patients with purulent-necrotic wounds against the background of type 2 diabetes when using a probiotic antiseptic
Authors: Ioffe O. Y. , Stetsenko O. P. , Kindzer S. L. , Kryvopustov M. S. , Tsyura Y. P. , Prykhodko Y. S. 
Published: April 2024

Antibiotic resistance remains a serious problem, leading to millions of deaths every year. The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is contributing to the continued spread of this problem. Ukraine, like other countries, feels the consequences of this problem. Over the past ten years, the number of patients with T2DM has doubled, and diabetes is already the cause of disability and death for thousands of people. Complications of T2DM, such as diabetic foot syndrome, often require surgery and antibacterial therapy. New research shows the prospects of using probiotic antiseptics based on lactic acid bacteria of the genus Bacillus in the treatment of wounds, which may open new opportunities to combat this problem and improve treatment outcomes.
Objective — to analyse changes in the antibiotic‑resistant properties of pathogenic microorganisms in patients with purulent‑necrotic wounds in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods. The study, which was conducted at the Department of General Surgery No. 2 of Bogomolets National Medical University in Kyiv City Clinical Hospital No. 3, included 229 patients with purulent‑necrotic wounds and type II diabetes. A total of 229 patients were randomly divided into two groups, with one group receiving probiotic antiseptics and the other traditional chemical antiseptics, with subsequent analysis focusing on changes in antibiotic‑resistant properties against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic‑resistant properties were evaluated through microbiological examination, revealing significant changes in resistance patterns among patients treated with probiotic antiseptics compared to those using traditional chemical antiseptics, assessed using statistical methods including the Student’s t‑test and Wilcoxon W‑test.
Results. When the first subgroups were compared on the first day, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of P. aeruginosa wound contamination (p=0.671). On the seventh day, there was a statistically significant difference between contamination levels (p<0.05) and the emergence of sensitivity to reserve antibiotics (p<0.05). On the 14th day, there was a statistically significant difference between contamination levels (p<0.05) and the emergence of sensitivity to reserve antibiotics (p<0.05).
Conclusions. Probiotic antiseptics have a statistically significant advantage over chemical antiseptics in terms of reducing contamination and emergence of antibiotic sensitivity in patients with purulent‑necrotic wounds in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Hnat Mykhailovych Matyashin: the difficult path of a soldier, surgeon, scientist, and teacher
Authors: Zavernyi L. G. , Tsiura Y. P. , Kryvopustov M. S. , Tarasiuk T. V. 
Published: April 2024

The life and professional path of Professor Hnat Mykhailovych Matyashin: a scientist and surgeon, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Honoured Scientist of the Ukrainian SSR, Honoured Doctor of the Ukrainian SSR, Chief Surgeon of the Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR, Head of the Department of Faculty Surgery of the Kyiv Medical Institute.
Contemporary hypolipemic therapy: possibilities of novel hypolipemic drugs in correction of lipid metabolism disorders. Review
Authors: Chernyshov V. A. 
Published: April 2024

Dyslipidemia plays a role of significant risk factor for development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Today several classes of hypolipemic drugs with evidenced effectiveness are used. But some patients don’t tolerate medicines with high efficacy or can’t achieve the targeted blood lipid profile levels even in case of the use of maximal doses or combined therapy. This necessitates the creation of new hypolipidemic agents.
The review is devoted to discussion of new directions of influence on impaired lipid metabolism through creation of new classes of hypolipemic drugs with some perspectives of effective correction of lipid factors of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in cases of impossibility to achieve the targeted levels of low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C) or there is a residual CVR caused by elevated serum triglyceride (TG) levels and/or low levels of high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‑C).
Among the novel drugs for hypercholesterolemia (HCE) correction, considerations are given for some mechanisms of action and efficacy of application of proprotein convertase subtilisin‑kexine type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors as well as bempedoic acid (adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase inhibitor) and inclisiran, a small synthesized interfering ribonucleic acid (RNA) with its ability to blockade genes‑regulators of hepatic PCSK9 activity. The novel agents for hypertriglyceridemia correction, discussed in the review, include icosapent ethyl (a high purified and firm ester of ethyl‑eicosapentoenic acid), pemafibrate (the first selective modulator of α‑receptors activated by peroxisome proliferator), apolipoprotein C‑III (ApoC‑III) inhibitors (volasenorsen, olesarsen), mipomersen (antisense nucleotide for matrix RNA of apolipoprotein B‑100), lomitapide (inhibitor of microsomal TG transfer protein) and inhibitors of angiopoietin‑like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) (evinacumab, vupanorsen). Among the new approaches to HDL‑C elevation an attention is paid to the experimental and clinical investigations of recombinant HDL, agents with recombinant lecithin‑cholesterol‑acyl‑transferase (LCAT), and apolipoprotein A‑I (ApoA‑I) mimetic peptides. For the lowering of blood lipoprotein(a) (LP(a)) level the possibilities of pelacarsen, an antisense oligonucleotide for matrix RNA of apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) contained in LP(a) molecule and olpasiran, a small interfering RNA for LP(a) molecule inhibited apo(a) synthesis are uncovered. A high probability of clinical application in the nearest future will have novel drugs approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) such as bempedoic acid and inclisiran for HCE correction as well as lomitapide for the treatment of familial HCE.
Avaliable data for adverce cardiac events prognostication after ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Petyunina O. V. , Kobets A. V. 
Published: April 2024

The treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is aimed at the long‑term survival of patients, so attention should be given to predicting adverse outcomes, specifically the development of heart failure, recurrent AMI, cardiovascular death, and so on. The combination of various data obtained in recent decades has helped improve prognosis, but challenges with long‑term survival after ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) still exist.
Objective — to find the optimal combination of data collected from patients with STEMI and prospectively analyzed during one‑year observation to improve the quality of prognostication.
Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty‑eight enrolled patients visited research center to clinical examination and estimation of left ventricular (LV) function in 365±14 days follow up period after STEMI. End points such as major adverce cardiac events (MACE) — composite of cardiovascular death, recurrent MI, newly diagnosed heart failure, rhythm, and conduction disturbances were estimated. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention was successful, and all included patients had TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) >2. Patients was divided into two cohorts depending on the presence of MACE: global longitudinal strain and mechanical dispersion are independent factors of it (p=0.0006 and p <0.0001respectively).
Results. We found the optimal combination of different data for prognostication of adverce outcome after 1 year after STEMI, among them occurred global longitudinal strain, left atrium volume index, left ventricular end diastolic diameter, mechanical dispersion, LV ejection fraction. They all reflect different hemodynamic sides of LV remodeling after STEMI.
Conclusions. The model is simple and avaliable for use in medical practice.
To the honored memory of outstanding scientists of the medical community
Authors: Fadieienko G. D. , Myloslavsky D. K. , Gridasova L. M. , Kyleshova O. M. , Fedotova T. A. 
Published: April 2024

The review of the history of therapy is dedicated to the outstanding scientists, jubilarians of the year 2024: L. T. Academicians Mala (1919—2003), V. V. Frolkis (1924—1999) and O. V. Korkushko (1929—2024). Their achievements considered in the field of cardiology, therapy, age‑related physiology, and clinical gerontology, attention is emphasized on their professional cooperation, personal relationships, and fruitful activities related to the formation of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, and on the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology, jointly received in 2003.
Effectiveness of Asthmagan administration in the complex therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Maksymets T. A. , Horbey A. T. , Karpyshyn N. V. , Bodrevych B. B. , Sklyarov E. Y. 
Published: April 2024

Ganoderma is a medicinal mushroom that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. It contains a wide range of biologically active therapeutic molecules that have an anti‑inflammatory, immunomodulatory effect and contribute to the normalization of respiratory tract function.
Objective — to evaluate the effectiveness of the Asthmagan drug in the complex therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Materials and methods. Examinations involved 40 hospitalized patients with a verified diagnosis of COPD, aged 18 to 70 years. In addition to standard examinations, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was determined. Asthmagan capsules were added to the scheme of complex inpatient and outpatient treatment.
Results. On admission, patients complained of breathlessness and cough with wheezing and sputum production. Blood tests showed leukocytosis, elevated ESR, hyperfibrinogenemia, and increased C‑reactive protein levels. According to the results of the correlation analysis, positive correlations were found between pro‑inflammatory markers and negative correlations between LTB4 and external respiration indicators. A tendency to LTB4 reduction was noted. After the treatment, positive dynamics were observed in all patients, and in the group of patients with Asthmagan inclusion, there was a significant improvement in external respiration function and all components of the quality of life according to the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Tolerability of Asthmagan was positive, side effects were not recorded.
Conclusions. During the inpatient treatment of patients with COPD with the inclusion of the drug Asthmagan, regression of complaints and clinical manifestations of COPD, a decrease in the level of pro‑inflammatory markers and a tendency to LTB4 levels reduction were noted. Improvement in the quality of life along with a significant increase in the external respiration indicators testified the increase in the effectiveness of COPD treatment by including Asthmagan in the complex treatment.
Microenterpreneur women's resilience in Covid-19 pandemic era
Authors: Sapiie Astrid Regina , Handoyo Seger 
Published: April 2024

During the Covid-19 pandemic, many families experienced crisis due to husband’s lost income, having to lose their jobs despite of their position as the breadwinner of the families. In order to cope with the changing circumstances, wives have choices to endure, leave their husbands, or try to keep the family afloat by helping their husbands in fulfilling the needs of their families. Some of them chose to start culinary micro-businesses with minimal capital, relying on their everyday cooking skills. This research was aimed to study the resilience of research subjects as housewives who choose to be a micro-entrepreneurs during the Covid- 19 pandemic. The current research subjects were middle-aged housewives who supported their families during the pandemic by selling homemade foods and becoming motorcycle ride-hailing drivers. The research was conducted qualitatively (case study) as well as quantitatively and utilized both observation and interview methods, together with Connor-Davidson resilience questionnaire as comparison data. The result of the study showed that the research subjects were resilience persons. They are energetic strong-willed individuals who have been trained to work hard ever since childhood. Life experiences taught them how not to give up, and they believe that the future will be better because the Almighty God will always help to provide sustenance.
Keywords: resilience; housewive; micro entrepreneurs
Dynamics of the Emergence of Solidarity among Farmers in Trisik Galur Kulonprogo Hamlet
Authors: Shidqi M Hizbullah Ash 
Published: April 2024

Solidarity in an area that is left behind is very important because individuals are in an area that is an area that is left behind from several other areas around it. Farmers previously had to face a life that could be said to be very deprived, difficult challenges and obstacles in living their lives, such as insults from outside and sometimes rejection, lack of resources, and living a life of deprivation. This research focuses on the depiction of teacher persistence in the coastal areas of Berareh Island. This research uses snowball sampling with three recommended subjects. This research uses qualitative methods with descriptive phenomenological research (PFD). The data collection technique used was observation and semi-structured interviews. The data analysis technique used is phenomenological analysis with Giorgi's six stages. Based on the findings of the synthesis themes through descriptive phenomenological analysis (DPA), three essential themes were found from the three participants, namely Solidarity, Unity, and Helping.
Keywords : solidarity, farmer, Trisik
دور إنتربول وتشریعات الدول العربیة في مکافحة "الذئاب المنفردة" المتعلقة بالإرهاب
Authors: مهدي خاقاني إصفهاني د. 
Published: April 2024

بالرغم من جميع الجهود المبذولة فقد بات المجتمع الدولي في السنوات القليلة الماضية هدفاً لحملات تجنيد العناصر الإرهابية عن طريق المواقع الالكترونية مستغلة بذلك التطور الحاصل في التكنولوجيا الحديثة حيث تعتمد التنظيمات الإرهابية على أساليب ممنهجة في التجنيد الالكتروني واهمها أسلوبي الترغيب والتحريض حيث أصبح للتنظيمات الإرهابية إضافة للأسلوب الجديد، "جيل جديد من الارهابيين" الذين ينفذون العمليات الإرهابية دون قيادة ودون وجود أية رابطة مع المنظمات الإرهابية إضافة إلى انتفاء الرابط العملياتي معهم وحتى مع قيام الشخص بالعملية الإرهابية عن طريق الاتصال عبر الإنترنت أو الاتصال بالآخرين شخصياً أو كان مولعاً بتنظيم إرهابي، أو كان يجد نفسه ناشطا فيها، فطالما لم يكن هنالك مشاركة للمنظمة الإرهابية خلال مراحل الدعم اللوجستي او التحضير او التخطيط، سوف يصنف الهجوم على أنه "هجوم ذئب منفرد"، وتأسيساً على ما تقدم نجد أنه على الرغم من خسارة ما يسمى "الدولة الإسلامية" الأراضي التي استحوذت عليها في العراق وسوريا وقيامها بتوجيه ضربات الى العمق التنظيمي لأدارتها الا انها لاتزال تشكل تهديداً للأمن على المستوى الإقليمي والدولي.
إعتمدت هذه الدراسة علی المنهج الوصفي والتحلیلي و توصّلت إلی عدة نتائج، منها أنّ يتمّ تجنيد معظم عملاء الذئاب المنفردين من المدارس السلفية في أوروبا أو أولئك الذين حصلوا على اللجوء السياسي، ومؤخراً، يتم تجنيد الأشخاص أيضًا عبر الإنترنت. الذكاء الاصطناعي يجعل هذا الامتصاص أكثر دقة. يحمل معظم المجندين الجنسية الأوروبية ، لكنهم من الجيل الثاني والثالث من المهاجرين الذين يقعون عمومًا ضحايا للتمييز ويعانون أحيانًا من اضطرابات عقلية. ومع ذلك، فإن انتشار "الذئاب المنفردة" لا علاقة له بالتطرف الديني، ولا بسبب الصدمة النفسية الخطيرة للدول التي مزقتها الحروب. أي شخص، لأي سبب حقيقي أو وهمي، إذا شعر على نحو لا يطاق أنه انتهك حقوق الإنسان الأساسية بشكل صارخ ومنهجي، فلديه أسباب لارتكاب جريمة إرهابية على شكل "ذئب وحيد".
Przedawnienie kar pieniężnych za naruszenie warunków korzystania ze środowiska lub zasad prowadzenia działalności w zakresie jego ochrony
Authors: Gruszecki Krzysztof 
Published: April 2024

Podstawą ochrony środowiska jest zasada „zanieczyszczający płaci”, wyrażona w art. 7 ustawy z dnia 27 kwietnia 2001 r. – Prawo ochrony środowiska. Nie ma ona jednak charakteru nieograniczonego, jej egzekwowanie musi się bowiem odbywać z zachowaniem reguł gwarantujących podmiotom korzystającym ze środowiska możliwość obrony własnych praw i przedstawienia swoich racji. Równocześnie powinno to następować w sposób gwarantujący bezpieczeństwo obrotu prawnego. Dlatego ustawą z dnia 7 kwietnia 2017 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks postępowania administracyjnego oraz niektórych innych ustaw wprowadzono art. 189g k.p.a. określający generalne zasady przedawnienia kar pieniężnych. Niestety, zapomniano dostosować do nich analogiczne zasady wynikające z aktów prawnych, na podstawie których owe kary są wymierzane. W rezultacie przepisy szczególne zawierają wiele rozwiązań określających w całości lub częściowo autonomiczne zasady przedawnienia kar pieniężnych. Problem ten ze szczególnym nasileniem występuje w dziedzinie ochrony środowiska, zatem w opracowaniu scharakteryzowano podstawy przedawnienia poszczególnych rodzajów kar pieniężnych za naruszenie warunków korzystania ze środowiska lub prowadzenia działalności związanej z jego ochroną oraz wynikające z tego problemy. Dlatego też de lege ferenda zaproponowano podjęcie starań ukierunkowanych na ujednolicenie podstaw prawnych przedawnienia omawianego rodzaju kar. Mogłoby się to odbyć przez wyeliminowanie z aktów prawnych, które stanowią podstawę ich wymierzania, polecenia, by stosować odpowiednie przepisy Ordynacji podatkowej, gdyż odkąd rozwiązania poświęcone wymierzaniu kar pieniężnych wprowadzono do Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego, stało się ono zbędne.
Heroes or Villains? Memetic Communication of Politics in Poland in Times of COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Norström Róża , Sarna Paweł 
Published: April 2024

This study presents how politics was portrayed and narrated through memes in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings confirm that memes were indicators of opinions and an expression of a collective identity, which could contribute to sociopolitical polarization by creating “enemy” images of disliked politicians as “villains”.