bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin‐K‐dependent proteins in microsomes of primary lewis lung tumors
Authors: Wilson Adrian C. , Fasco Michael J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMicrosomes isolated from Lewis lung (LL) primary tumors raised in C57BL/6 mice have been shown to (i) contain a 4‐hydroxycoumarin (warfarin)‐sensitive cycle of vitamin K metabolism which is at least qualitatively similar to that of liver, and (ii) catalyze the incorporation of NaH14 CO3 into endogenous protein in a vitamin‐K hydroquinone‐dependent reaction to produce γ‐carboxyglutamate. As in liver microsomes, LL microsomal reduction of vitamin K 2,3‐epoxide to vitamin K was greatly enhanced by exogenous dithiols such as dithiothreitol, but under identical conditions the former was 10‐fold faster. The R(+) and S(−) warfarin enantiomers were highly and equally effective inhibitors of both the liver and tumor vitamin K 2,3‐epoxide reductases—the average I50 against the tumor enzyme was 0.25 μM. Partially purified reductases isolated by centrifugation of sodium‐cholate‐treated liver and LL tumor microsomes over a discontinuous sucrose gradient were also inhibited by the sulfhydryl reagent N‐ethylmaleimide following their reduction by dithiothreitol. Like the activity of the epoxide reductase, that of the γ‐carboxylase was much lower in tumor than in liver microsomes and was only detectable in microsomes isolated from tumor‐bearing mice previously administered S(−) warfarin. In view of the reported inhibition of LL tumor metastasis by warfarin and diet‐induced vitamin‐K deficiency, vitamin‐K‐dependent proteins may play a role in the spread and/or subsequent growth of LL cells.
Characterization of the growth inhibited substate induced in murine hepatic tumor cells during in vitro exposure to dimethylsulfoxide
Authors: Higgins Paul J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKinetic events associated with the dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)‐induced inhibition of hepatic tumor cell proliferation were studied using established lines of murine liver tumor cells (BW77‐2 and Hepa‐1/A1) and conditions of polar solvent treatment (1–3% final concentration in the culture medium for a period of 4 days) previously shown to increase the expression of differentiated functions in BW77‐2 cells. Cell‐cycle substates of exponentially growing and DMSO‐treated liver tumor cell populations were compared by flow cytometric techniques employing recently developed cytochemical criteria to identify hepatocyte cell cycle compartments based on individual cellular RNA and DNA contents (Higgins, 1985). Suppression of hepatic tumor cell proliferation by DMSO (in non‐cytotoxic concentrations) persisted only for the duration of the exposure period. Resumption of cell division was readily observed following removal of the polar solvent from the culture medium. During DMSO treatment, BW77‐2 and Hepa‐1/A1 cells accumulated in the G, phase of the cell division cycle (low‐population‐density 3% DMSO‐treated cultures were composed of 88% G1cells compared to only 48% G1 DNA content cells in control cultures of similar population density) and exhibited a substantial shift to lower mean cellular RNA content. The relatively few S‐and G2+M‐phase cells in DMSO cultures also possessed lower RNA contents compared to the corresponding cell cycle compartments in exponentially growing cultures. The mean RNA contents for the G1, S, and G2+M compartments of DMSO‐treated cells approximated 63.8,78.6, and 74.4%, respectively, of the amounts observed in control cultures. Low‐RNA G1 cells in DMSO cultures expressed a continuum of RNA distributions similar in range variation to (but at lower mean cellular RNA content levels than) cycling G1 cells in log‐phase growth. Thus, G1 cells in 1% DMSO‐treated populations had a mean cellular RNA content of just 25 (arbitrary RNA) units compared to over 40 units for G1 cells in exponential phase growth. Low RNA content, non‐replicating, hepatic tumor cells in polar solvent‐treated cultures were designated as being in the “Qi” substate (DMSO‐induced quiescent‐type cells). Release of BW77‐2 cells from Qi, after replacement of the DMSO‐containlng growth medium by medium without the polar solvent, was characterized by an increase in mean G1 RNA content and recruitment into log‐phase growth. Since Qi cells predominate in DMSO‐treated hepatic tumor cell cultures (approximating 90% of the total population) and are unresolved, under control exponential‐phase growth conditions, it is likely that cells of the Qi phenotype participate in the augmentation of liver functions induced as a consequence of DMSO exposure.
EBV‐negative and ‐positive burkitt cell lines variably express receptors for B‐cell activation and differentiation
Authors: Favrot M. C. , Maritaz O. , Suzuki T. , Cooper M. , Philip I. , Philip T. , Lenoir G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of receptors for proliferation and differentiation factors was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence on 29 Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines previously Classified into 3 groups on the basis of their reactivity with 8 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), including anti‐CALLA, BL13 and TÜ1. BL13 and HB5antibodies recognize different epitopes of the EBV/CR2 receptors. The determinant recognized by BL13has been previously shown to be expressed only on cell lines of the first two groups, supposed to derive from the germinal center and to be negative on a third group of lines of putative BM origin and established from sporadic cases of BL. In contrast, and as expected from its reactivity on normal B cells in the BM or in the lymph nodes, HB5 antibody reacts with all BL lines except one. The receptor for transferrin is expressed on the 29 lines. Two new MAbs, Bac‐1 and B1H5, could recognize respectively receptors for BCGF1 and BCGF2. Bac‐1 reacts with 15 of 17 BL lines belonging to the first two groups and 7 of 12 BL lines of the third group; 14 of 15 EBV+ lines express Bac‐1. No BL line expresses B1H5. The IL2 receptor is weakly expiressed on 5 EBV + cell lines and one EBV (−) line. All 6 are BCGF1‐positive. The almost constant expression of BCGFI receptor on EBV+ cell lines is the only strict relation between the expression of receptors for growth factors and their characteristics (i.e. EBV association, translocation, ethnic origin and clinical presentation). The maturation stage or the origin of BL cell lines in relation to the expression of growth factor receptors and the functional significance of these receptors will be discussed.
Specific inhibition of human natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity by sialic acid and sialo‐oligosaccharides
Authors: van Rinsum Johanna , Smets Lou A. , van Rooy Henny , van den Eijnden Dirk H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have tried to identify carbohydrate structures involved in recognition and/or lysis of K562 target cells by human natural killer (NK) cells. Inhibition studies were performed with mono‐, di‐and trisaccharides, and with glycopeptides and glycoproteins of known carbohydrate composition. When tested with various monosaccharides, lysis of K562 cells was inhibited only by N‐acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc). Di‐and trisaccharides and glycopeptides containing NeuAc or N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) all inhibited NK cell‐mediated lysis. Among the non‐sialylated carbohydrates tested, only Galβ(1→3)GalNAcol was effective. The inhibitory capacity of sialylated compounds appeared to be dependent on the linkage type of the sialic acid residue; carbohydrates containing α(2→6)‐linked sialic acids were more potent inhibitors than their α(2→3) isomers. Also the sugar to which the sialic acid residue was attached was of importance, NeuAcα(2→6)GalNAcol being more effective than NeuAcα(2→6)Galßl→R (where R= glucose or oligo‐saccharide‐peptide). Sialylated compounds and free sialic acid had minor or no effects on cell‐mediated cytotoxicity by allo‐sensitized cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The conjugation of target cells and NK effector cells was not inhibited by carbohydrates that effectively blocked the cytolytic response. These results may indicate that cell‐surface carbohydrates containing α(2→6)‐linked sialic acid are crucial structures in a post‐binding event in NK‐cell‐mediated lysis.
Control of human melanoma growth in nude mice by autologous allo‐activated peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Balsari Andrea , Tona Gabriella , Colombo Mario P. , Fossaati Giuseppe , Parmiani Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were activated in vitro by means of a pool of allogeneic PBL from normal donors and then evaluated for in vivo activity against human melanoma cells xenografted in splenectomized and irradiated athymic (nude) mice. The subcutaneous (s.c.) growth of human melanoma cells was inhibited by intravenous (i.v.) injection, 2 hr later, of such allo‐activated, autologous and allogeneic PBL in 7/8 and in 6/9 mice respectively. Unstimulated PBL were ineffective. When allo‐activated patients' lymphocytes were administered 3 days after s.c. implantation of autologous melanoma cells, inhibition of tumor growth was observed in 1/6 mice. A significant delay in tumor appearance was noted in the remaining animals. Unstimulated as well as allo‐activated, lymphokine‐releasing helper‐enriched human PBL had no effect on melanoma xenografts, indicating that the tumor inhibition by tumor‐cytotoxic allo‐activated PBL was not due to recruitment of murine immuno‐competent cells by human lymphokines. These results indicate that allo‐stimulated, tumor‐cytotoxic human PBL given i.v. to nude mice can circulate and inhibit the growth of autologous or allogeneic human melanoma cells implanted s.c.
Concordance of histological classification of lung cancer with special reference to adenocarcinoma in osaka, japan, and the north‐west region of england
Authors: Hanai A. , Whittaker J. S. , Tateishi R. , Sobin L. H. , Benn R. T. , Muir C. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn routinely collected data adenocarcinoma of the lung appeared to be 3 times more frequent in Osaka, Japan, than in the North‐Western (NW) Region of England (Manchester). Before embarking on comparative epidemiological studies, it was decided to investigate the comparability of histological diagnosis. Specimens from 60 NW Region lung cancer patients and 52 Osaka patients were exchanged and reviewed. The entire material was then independently assessed by the WHO Collaborating Center for Histological Classification of Tumours. The interpretation of the WHO Classification (WHO, 1981) by the NW Region and by Osaka was upheld by the WHO Collaborating Center in 89% and 93% of all cases and in 97% and 100% of adenocarcinoma cases respectively. Agreement between the 2 centres was 88% for the main cell types. Differences in the frequency of adenocarcinoma of lung between the NW Region and Osaka are thus not due to diagnostic artefact and require further exploration. The aetiological implications of the finding that many Chinese and Japanese women with lung adenocarcinoma do not smoke (77% in Osaka) are discussed.
Epidemiological and environmental evidence of the health effects of exposure to erionite fibres: A four‐year study in the cappadocian region of turkey
Authors: Baris I. , Artvinli M. , Saracci R. , Simonato L. , Pooley F. , Skidmore J. , Wagner C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn environmental and epidemiological study has been carried out in Central Cappadocia, Turkey, aiming at investigating the relationship between exposure to naturally occurring erionite fibres and the reported high incidence of malignant mesotheliomas. Airborne fibre levels are generally low but show a higher proportion of erionite fibres in the villages affected by malignant disease than in a control village. The same pattern is confirmed by analysis of the fibre content in lung tissues of sheep from several villages, both affected and unaffected by malignant disease. The 3 villages with the highest proportion of erionite fibres have high rates of malignant pleural mesothelioma, malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and lung cancer. No case of malignancy for the same sites has been reported during the study period from the control village. The relationships between these findings and their consistency with the results from experimental studies indicate erionite fibres as a carcinogenic agent, although some aspects of the exposure are not fully clarified.
Surface markers of human lymphokine‐activated killer cells and their precursors. Analysis at the population and clonal level
Authors: Ferrini Silvano , Moretta Lorenzo , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Moretta Alessandro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) activity was first analyzed on PBL populations fractionated on the basis of the expression of TII or T3 antigen. LAK cell precursors were found to be present in both TII+ and TII‐ populations, but only in the T3‐ cell fraction. The generation of LAK activity in highly purified T3‐ populations of PBL was not accompanied by expression of T3 antigen during a 5‐day culture period. LAK activity was next analyzed at the level of limiting dilution clonal microcultures. TII+T3‐ and TII+T3+ cells, cloned under optimal culture conditions, gave a frequency of proliferating cells of approximately I cell in 1.25 for TII+T3+ and I cell in 10 for TII+T3‐ cells. Clones were screened for their ability to lyse fresh ovarian carcinoma cells and K562 target cells. The majority of LAK clones were derived from the TII+T3‐ cells; moreover, most of the clones derived from these cells displayed LAK activity. Clones displaying LAK activity lysed a panel of fresh or cultured tumor target cells, but failed to lyse PHA‐activated lymphoblasts. Surface marker analysis indicated that all the clones had maintained the original TII/T3 phenotype. Whereas 2 T3+ selected LAK clones expressed the T8+T4‐ phenotype, only I out of 9 T3‐ clones was T8+T4‐, all the others lacking both T4 and T8 antigens.
Hepatitis B virus, tobacco smoking and ethanol consumption in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Tzonou Anastasia , Kaklamani Evangelia , Zavitsanos Xenophon , Koumantaki Yvonne , Day Nicholas E. , Muñoz Nubia , Trichopoulou Antonia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTobacco smoking and alcohol drinking histories were obtained from 194 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 456 hospital controls, and the results were analysed in conjunction with the results of serological determinations of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) in all subjects, as well as the presence or absence of cirrhosis in HCC patients. The relative risk (RR) of HCC (and 95% confidence interval) among HBsAg‐positive subjects was 13.7 (8.0–23.5), whereas the excess risk among antibody‐positive subjects was small and statistically non‐significant. In the presence of cirrhosis the RR for HBsAg‐positive subjects was considerably higher (30.7 vs. 7.1 among HBsAg‐positive subjects without cirrhosis) indicating that HBV may affect the development of HCC through at least two different and potentially multiplicative mechanisms (DNA integration and liver regeneration). Moderate ethanol consumption does not affect the risk of HCC, but there is a statistically significant and dose‐dependent association between tobacco smoking and HBsAg‐negative HCC. In most of the developed countries of Europe and North America, where the prevalence of HBsAg carrier state is very low and tobacco smoking very common, more cases of HCC may be due to tobacco smoking than to HBV, even though the RR for HCC is much higher among HBsAg carriers than among tobacco smokers.
Co‐expression of human cancer‐associated epitopes on mucin molecules
Authors: Lan Michael S. , Metzgar Richard S. , Bast Robert C. , Colnaghi Maria I. , Knapp Robert C. , Colcher David , Schlom Jeffrey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis work describes the immunochemical comparison of mucin‐like high‐molecular‐weight glycoproteins associated with human malignancies that are defined by murine MAbs, DU‐PAN‐2, 19‐9, OC‐125, B 72.3, and Mov 2. These MAbs were originally elicited to human adenocarcinomas from different organ sites such as pancreas, colon, ovary, and breast, respectively. Although each antibody recognizes an antigen on tumors of the same type as the tumor used for immunization, there is often considerable cross‐reactivity with adenocarcinomas from other organ sites. Additionally, these antigens have common properties of large molecular size, high carbohydrate content, and molecular size heterogeneity. Three antigens, CA 19‐9, Mov 2, and DU‐PAN‐2, demonstrated size heterogeneity on agarose gel immunoblotting with their respective antibodies and gave different migration patterns from sera, bile, and pancreatic juice of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Data from inhibitory double determinant analyses indicated that the DU‐PAN‐2, CA 19‐9, CA 125, TAG‐72, and Mov 2 epitopes are distinct and non‐cross‐reactive. However, immunoblotting and affinity chromatography indicated that both 19‐9 and DU‐PAN‐2 epitopes may be co‐expressed on the same mucin molecule in varying proportions.
Shedding of GD2 ganglioside by human neuroblastoma
Authors: Wu Zi‐Liang , Ladisch Stephan , Feig Stephen , Ulsh Lisa , Schwartz Eileen , Floutsis Grace , Wiley Frances , Lenarsky Carl , Seeger Robert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSubstantial concentrations of the cell‐surface glycosphingolipid, the disialoganglioside GD2, are uniformly present in human neuroblastoma tumors. This ganglioside can also be detected in the plasma of patients with neuroblastoma by direct thin‐layer chromatographic analysis. Among 32 neuroblastoma patients in all clinical stages studied prior to the initiation of treatment, 27 (84%) showed measurably elevated plasma concentrations of GD2 (≥50 pmol/ml). The mean level (545 ± 108 pmol/ml) was more than 50 times the normal plasma GD2 concentration of ≤ 10 pmol/ml. Circulating GD2 was not detected in the plasma of patients with the related, more differentiated tumors, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma, indicating an association of the shedding of this ganglioside with the undifferentiated phenotype. Circulating GD2 diminished in patients in response to therapy, and reappeared in patients whose disease recurred. The results suggest that the sequential determination of circulating GD2 will be of value in monitoring individual patients with neuroblastoma.
In vitro effects of tamoxifen on UM‐SCC head and neck cancer cell lines: Correlation with the estrogen and progesterone receptor content
Authors: Carey Thomas , Grenman Reidar , Virolainen Erkki , Shapira Amnon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEleven squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines derived from patients with head and neck cancer were tested together with the MCF‐7 breast carcinoma cell line for in vitro growth inhibition by tamoxifen. MCF‐7 is known to contain cytosolic receptors for estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR), androgen (AR) and glucocorticoid. We have previously reported the ER, PgR and AR contents of these 11 head‐and‐neck SCC cancer lines. Starting from day 3 or 4 after passage, cultures were fed daily with medium containing 5% dextran‐charcoal‐treated fetal bovine serum (D5) and 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 or 10 μm tamoxifen. Eight of the 11 SCC lines and MCF‐7 showed more than 60% growth inhibition when fed with 5 μm tamoxifen. Of these 8 SCC cell lines, 3 contained both ER and PgR, 4 contained only PgR, and one contained neither receptor. The 3 cell lines that were not inhibited by tamoxifen failed to express either ER or PgR. The action of tamoxifen on the cell lines was further investigated by examining the reversibility and the rate of recovery from tamoxifen‐induced growth inhibition in the presence or absence of estrogen. MCF‐7 and two ER‐ and PgR‐positive SCC cell lines, UM‐SCC‐12 and UM‐SCC‐9, recovered more rapidly when the tamoxifen was replaced with medium containing 17‐beta estradiol (E2) than when it was replaced with D5 medium alone. However, of the other tamoxifen‐inhibited cell lines studied, each recovered equally well whether the tamoxifen was replaced with D5 medium or with D5 medium containing E2. Furthermore, some cell lines spontaneously resumed growth within 4 to 5 days in the presence of tamoxifen if no new tamoxifen was added to the culture dish. This ability is specific for some cell lines, and further study is required to determine its significance.
Establishment and characterization of three new malignant lymphoid cell lines
Authors: Th'ng K. H. , Garewal G. , Kearney L. , Rassool F. , Melo J. V. , White H. , Catovsky D. , Foroni L. , Luzzatto L. , Goldman J. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have established 3 new EBV‐negative cell lines, designated Sc‐1, Ri‐1 and Ci‐1, from patients with B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia. We characterized them by cytogenetics and by study of surface membrane antigens with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (1g) expression and 1g heavy‐ and light‐chain genes. A11 3 lines had a 14q+ abnormality. Ri‐1 also had translocations involving chromosomes 2, 8 and 18. Ci‐1 also had abnormalities involving chromosomes 2, 8 and 22 and its karyotype was 46, XX, t(2;8), t(14;22). The t(2;8) had the same breakpoints as those reported in some cases of Burkitt's lymphoma. We also studied a classical Ph1‐positive cell line previously established by Pegoraro et al. (1983) and designated BV173. The phenotypes of these 4 lines based on 1g expression and marker studies correlated well with their respective genotypes. Our results are in keeping with the notion that leukaemic cell populations are clonal expansions of cells “frozen” at a particular stage in their differentiation. Specifically, BV173 cells are at an early stage of B‐cell differentiation, Ri‐1 and Ci‐1 cells are at intermediate stages and Sc‐1 cells are at a relatively late stage in the B‐cell lineage.
Alpha‐radiation‐induced amplification of integrated sv40 sequences is mediated by a trans‐acting mechanism
Authors: Lücke‐Huhle Christine , Herrlich Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment of Chinese hamster embryo cells with alpha irradiation (4 MeV, emitted by 241americium) induces a 15‐fold amplification of integrated SV40 sequences. The extent of amplification depends on the dose of irradiation and on the presence of a functional T‐antigen encoded by the SV40 A gene. The inducing signal can be transmitted to a non‐irradiated nucleus following cell fusion. Amplification is therefore the result of some trans‐acting process, and this could explain how SV40 amplification can occur after doses of alpha irradiation that are too low to cause direct DNA damage within the SV40 replicon.
Reactive T cells in the immune repertoire: Self‐restricted and allo‐restricted helper T‐cell clones to epstein‐barr virus
Authors: Lai Patrick K. , Pauza Mary E. , Switzer Barbara L. , Smith Douglas , Purtilo David T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHelper T‐cell clones were generated by stimulation with autologous or allogeneic lymphoblastoid B cells (B‐LCL) transformed by the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). Some of these T‐cell clones were allo‐reactive and others were specific to EBV‐transformed B‐LCL. Helper T‐cell clones specific to EBV‐transformed B‐LCL were restricted either by class‐1 or by class‐11 HLA molecules of self. T‐cell clones restricted by class‐1 HLA molecules were stained by OKT3 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), whereas class‐11‐restricted clones stained with OKT3 and OKT4. Not all helper T‐cell clones specific to EBV‐transformed B‐LCL were restricted to self: one clone restricted by allo‐HLA antigen was established. This finding suggests that in humans, as in mice, some T cells in the T‐cell repertoire can be allo‐restricted. This allo restriction may represent cross‐reactivity of T cells, whereby “self + X” equals “allo + Y.” Activation of these cross‐reacting T cells restricted by allogeneic HLA molecules during infectious mononucleosis will give a T‐cell response which may appear unrestricted by self HLA molecules. This mechanism helps to explain, at least in part, the HLA unrestricted cytotoxicity to B‐LCL observed in infectious mononucleosis.