bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of nicotine dependence on self-efficacy and readiness to quit among tobacco consumers in rural areas
Authors: Jalli Vishwanath V , Sreepradha C , Halemani Shweta , Mutha Animesh , Sharma Rituraj , Joshi Himanshu , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objectives:
The aim of the present study was to determine the impact or effect of nicotine dependence on self-efficacy and readiness to quit.

Materials and Method:
The current study was performed using a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire design among tobacco users visiting primary health care facilities in the rural Jaipur district. Jaipur district is divided into four directions: east, west, north, and south. From each direction, two PHCs were selected randomly based on suitable accessibility to patients. Sample size of study is 465. Out of 465 tobacco consumers, 238 were consuming a smoked form of tobacco, and 227 study participants were consuming a smokeless form of tobacco.

Results:
It was observed that the majority of study participants (145 (31%)) need smoke/smokeless tobacco within 5 minutes of waking up. With regards to internal stimuli, the majority of study participants (179 (38%)) and (203 (44%)) were not very sure that they would refrain from smoking when they were nervous and depressed. It was determined that quitting tobacco products was not at all important for 159 (34%) study participants. In regards to confidence in tobacco product quitting, only 79 (16%) of tobacco consumers were extremely confident.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that nicotine dependence impacts both self-efficacy and readiness to quit. It was determined that the higher the nicotine dependence, the less self-efficacy and the less would be the readiness to quit.
Prevalence and risk factors for falls among the community dwelling older adults of Thrissur: A pilot study
Authors: Mercy P. J. , Neelamana Sandhya K. , Nair Vijayan C. Parameswaran 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
According to World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, every year 28–35% of people over 65 years and 32–42% of people over 70 years experience falls. Given that many falls are preventable, can occur in any population, and can result in significant morbidity and mortality, falls are receiving more attention as a major global issue.

Objective:
The objectives of this study were as follows: 1. To measure the prevalence of falls among the elderly living in the Thrissur Taluk Health Centre. 2. To identify the risk factors associated with falls in the elderly using the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths and Injuries (CDCs STEADI) 2019 scale and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) scale. 3. To find the association between the risk factors and the prevalence of fall among older people.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to find the prevalence of fall among the elderly in Thrissur Taluk Health Centers. CDCs STEADI 2019 fall risk assessment tool was used to assess the risk factors associated with the elderly. TUG test was used to determine gait, balance, strength, and posture.

Results:
In our study, we discovered a prevalence of 41 percent of falls among the community-dwelling older adults of Thrissur. This study has shown that the risk of fall was higher among the female elderly population. 88% are found to be at high risk of fall, and 65% of the population were worried about fall.

Conclusion:
This study found out a high prevalence of falls among community dwelling older adults.A future study with a larger sample size would be more helpful to confirm the impact of different variables in relation to the risk of fall among the elderly.
Association of stress and primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Singh Monika , Narayan Jagdish , Thakur Ruchika , Bhattacharya Sandeep , Sonkar Satyendra K. , Ali Wahid 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Hypothyroidism is the result of impaired production and secretion of thyroid hormones. The cardiovascular system is affected by fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels. Stressful events or stressors can affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis and psychological and physiological responses. Stress increases thyroid hormone levels while decreasing TSH levels, which exacerbates autoimmune thyroid disease.

Aim:
To evaluate the relationship between stress and primary hypothyroidism.

Methods:
A total of 77 newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients (TSH >5.0 mIU/L) and 77 healthy adults (TSH 0.5–5.0 mIU/L) were enrolled. During a brief general physical examination, the following values were measured: height, weight, blood pressure, pulse, and pulse rate. A brief systemic examination of the cardiovascular system and lungs was also performed to rule out systemic diseases. Heart rate variability (HRV) processing and analysis were performed using Pro LabChart (PowerLab 8Pro) data analysis software from AD Instrument.

Results:
Mean Avg. RR was significantly higher, RM SSD and pRR50 were significantly lower in cases than in controls. Mean HF was significantly lower and LF/HF (frequency range) was significantly higher in cases than in controls. Mean PSS was significantly higher in cases (25.82 ± 2.83) than in controls (22.47 ± 2.10). The majority of cases (54.5%) had a high stress level. The TSH level showed a highly significant correlation with the LF/HF ratio and with the PSS score.

Conclusion:
The mean Avg. RR and HF were significantly higher, RM SSD and pRR50 and LF/HF (frequency range) were significantly lower in hypothyroid patients.
Development of a novel labour monitoring tool: Improving labour care quality in the Indian setting
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Parwez Saroj , Batra Kiran 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Efficient care by labour monitoring tools manages labour, identifies the abnormalities and avoids the fatalities. Various studies are being undertaken by the researchers to understand the limited use of these therapeutic tools. The present study aimed to develop a novel labour monitoring instrument after understanding the barriers and enablers of the currently used tools and using it in the health setting for improving clinical outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
Methodological research design was adopted to develop the novel tool. Item pool was generated by literature review, focus group discussions and retrospective observations of the partographs. Developed tool was evaluated by various experts by undergoing three rounds and was found to be reliable in terms of stability and equivalency. After undergoing pilot runs by researcher and nurses, tool was found to be feasible and understandable. The developed novel labour monitoring tool was used on 200 intranatal women.

Results:
Focus group discussions revealed various barriers in the current labour tools, such as lack of clarity, complexity, staff shortage, workload etc. Retrospective observation of filled partographs revealed the incomplete recording of the components of the partograph. The prepared first draft underwent rigorous review by the experts. The prepared novel tool, after being used on 200 intranatal women resulted in 90% of normal vaginal deliveries. Duration of 1st stage of labour was around 5 hours.

Conclusion:
A novel labour monitoring tool was developed after methodological approach resulting in adequate monitoring and improved labour outcomes.
Extensions of invariant random orders on groups
Authors: Glasner Yair , Lin Yuqing Frank , Meyerovitch Tom 
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study the action of a countable group

\Gamma

on the space of orders on the group. In particular, we are concerned with the invariant probability measures on this space, known as
invariant random orders
. We show that for any countable group, the space of random invariant orders is rich enough to contain an isomorphic copy of any free ergodic action, and characterize the non-free actions realizable. We prove a Glasner–Weiss dichotomy regarding the simplex of invariant random orders. We also show that the invariant partial order on

\mathrm{SL}_{3}(\mathbb{Z})

corresponding to the semigroup generated by the standard unipotents cannot be extended to an invariant random total order. We thus provide the first example for a partial order (deterministic or random) that cannot be randomly extended.
Curas y obreros contra la dictadura franquista
Authors: Hurtado Sánchez José 
Published: April 2024

En Sevilla, la lucha contra la dictadura franquista tuvo, entre otros protagonistas, a los movimientos obreros de Acción Católica y a un grupo de curas comprometidos con la democracia y las libertades, que apenas han sido objetos de investigación. Estos cristianos jugaron un importante papel en los duros años de un Régimen que se autoproclamaba católico. La represión política y la incomprensión por parte de la jerarquía eclesiástica hicieron muy dura la militancia de estos cristianos a favor de las clases más desfavorecidas. Imbuidos de una ascética propia de aquellos tiempos, fueron la imagen de una Iglesia que vivía contradictoriamente su unión con el poder y su deseo de adaptación a los nuevos tiempos conciliares. La entrega y dedicación, capacidad crítica, formación, entre otros valores, fueron vividos y transmitidos a las diversas fuerzas políticas y sindicales clandestinas en las que estuvieron integrados.
Modern penitentiary systems: problems of understanding, classification, functioning (reviewing speeches of participants of the Interregional round table “Modern Penitentiary Systems”, Vologda, VILE of the FPS of Russia, October 28, 2023)
Authors: Ромашов Р.А. , Свинин Е.В. , Кириловская Н.Н. 
Published: April 2024

Публикуемый обзор по итогам состоявшегося 28 октября 2023 г. в Вологодском институте права и экономики ФСИН России межрегионального круглого стола «Пенитенциарные системы современного мира: проблемы понимания, классификации, функционирования» подготовлен в целях обобщения критического осмысления выступлений докладчиков, затрагивающих теоретико-правовые и прикладные вопросы функционирования различных пенитенциарных систем. Рассматриваются теоретические вопросы понятия и сущности пенитенциарной системы. Акцентируется внимание на особенностях теоретического моделирования и практического воплощения пенитенциарной системы как полисемичного по смыслу явле- ния, представленного моделями нормативной системы, системы национального законодательства и национальной правовой системы. Высказаны идеи о необходимости учитывать роль целевых установок и ценностных приоритетов, положенных в основу формирования и функционирования пенитенциарной системы Российской Федерации. Проанализированы исторические особенности и закономерности ее становления, развития, модернизации. Обосновывается необходимость разграничения трех модальных конструкций пенитенциарной системы. Сформулированы практические рекомендации, направленные на оптимизацию структурирования и функционирования территориальных подразделений и образовательных учреждений ФСИН России в плане усиления их эффективности в вопросах гуманизации системы исполнения наказаний и обеспечения ее квалифицированными профессиональными кадрами.
The published review based on results of the interregional round table “Modern Penitentiary Systems: Problems of Understanding, Classification, Functioning” held on October 28, 2023 at the VILE of the FPS of Russia is prepared to summarize key ideas of the speakers’ reports on theoretical, legal and applied issues of the functioning of various penitentiary systems. Theoretical issues of the concept and essence of the penitentiary system are considered. Attention is focused on features of theoretical modeling and practical implementation of the penitentiary system as a polysymic phe- nomenon, represented by models of the regulatory system, the system of national legislation and the national legal system. The objectives and value priorities underlying the formation and functioning of the Russian penitentiary system are outlined. Historical features and patterns of its formation, de- velopment, and modernization are analyzed. The necessity to distinguish three modal constructions of the penitentiary system is substantiated. Practical recommendations to optimize structuring and functioning of territorial divisions and educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation are formulated in order to strengthen their effectiveness in humanizing the penal system and provide it with qualified professional personnel.
Problems arising when dog handlers with service dogs are engaged in security procedures in penitentiary institutions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Румянцев Н.В. , Прихожая Л.Е. 
Published: April 2024

Введение: статья посвящена выявлению проблем, возникающих при привлечении специалистов-кинологов со служебными собаками для проведения режимных мероприятий на территориях учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации. Цель: показать проблемы использования специалистов-кинологов со служебными собаками при проведении режимных мероприятий на территориях учреждений ФСИН России, сформулировать направления их возможного решения. Методы: общенаучные (анализ, синтез, индукция и т. д.), частнонаучные и специальные методы познания (сравнительно-правовой, социологический, статистический, правового моделирования). Результаты: анализ данных, полученных в ходе анкетирования 2217 сотрудников в 2023 г., позволил сформулировать проблемы, возникающие при привлечении специалистов-кинологов со служебными собаками к проведению режимных мероприятий, а также сформулировать предложения по совершенствованию механизма взаимодействия кинологических и режимных подразделений. Выводы: привле- чение специалистов-кинологов является эффективной мерой сдерживания противоправных действий со стороны подозреваемых, обвиняемых и осужденных. Основными проблемами, возникающими при проведении рассматриваемых мероприятий, являются недостаточная численность специалистов-кинологов, а также отсутствие необходимого обучения как сотрудников, так и служебных собак с учетом специфики службы отделов режима и надзора (безопасности) учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы.
Introduction: the article is devoted to the identification of problems that arise when engaging specialist dog handlers with service dogs in carrying out security procedures in the territories of institutions of the penal system of the Russian Federation. Purpose: to show problems of using dog handlers with service dogs during security procedures in penitentiary institutions, to formulate directions for their possible solution. Methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, etc.), private scientific and special methods of cognition (comparative legal, sociological, statistical, legal modeling). Results: the analysis of data obtained during the survey of 2,217 employees in 2023 made it possible to formulate problems that arise when involving dog handlers with service dogs in security procedures, as well as make proposals to improve the mechanism of interaction between cynological and security units. Conclusions: the involvement of dog handlers is an effective measure to deter illegal actions on the part of the suspected, accused and convicted persons. The main problems that arise during activities under consideration are the insufficient number of dog handlers, as well as the lack of necessary training for both employees and service dogs, taking into account the specifics of service of units of regime and supervision (security) of penitentiary institutions.
Perancangan Game Edukasi Susun Huruf Bahasa Inggris untuk Mengenal Hewan bagi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Savitri Savitri 
Published: April 2024

Game merupakan salah satu sarana media hiburan yang dimainkan saat waktu luang untuk menghilangkan rasa bosan, selain sebagai sarana media hiburan game juga dapat menjadi sarana media pembelajaran. Sayangnya, saat ini banyak game baik online maupun offline mengandung unsur kekerasan. Hal ini memberi dampak bagi perkembangan anak, anak-anak akan meniru apa yang dilihatnya, maka setelah bermain game yang mengandung kekerasan maka anak akan meniru kekerasan tersebut. Masa kanak-kanak dari usia 0 – 8 tahun disebut masa emas atau Golden Age. Dalam usia ini, mereka berada pada masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan baik fisik maupun mental, maka dari itu merupakan saat yang tepat untuk perkembangan pembelajaran mereka. Game edukasi sangat tepat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran bagi anak usia dini. Jika dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional, game edukasi unggul dalam beberapa aspek. Salah satu keunggulannya adalah animasi yang dapat meningkatkan daya ingat sehingga anak dapat menyimpan materi pelajaran dalam waktu yang lebih lama dibandingkan dengan metode pengajaran konvensional. Penulis membuat sebuah game edukasi yang berbasis android menggunakan game engine Construct 2 dan menerapkan model waterfall dengan harapan orang tua dan anak usia dini dapat memanfaatkan game yang dirancang sebagai media pembelajaran agar tidak jenuh dalam melakukan pembelajaran. Dengan sistem yang berbasis android tentu saja pembelajaran menjadi lebih mudah karena dapat dilakukan kapan saja dan dimana saja. Game edukasi yang dirancang merupakan aplikasi pembelajaran untuk anak usia dini dari usia 3 - 8 tahun yang berisi permainan menyusun huruf nama-nama hewan dalam bahasa Inggris. Nama- nama hewan dipilih karena hewan memiliki penampilan yang menarik, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan minat anak dalam belajar. Selain memberikan pembelajaran tentang pengenalan bahasa Inggris, game yang dirancang juga dapat menjadi sarana pengenalan hewan bagi anak-anak usia dini.
Enhancing Freshman English Learning: A Study of Solo vs Collaborative Educational Gameplay Effects on Achievement and Motivation
Authors: Lin Lu , Lin Dan 
Published: April 2024

This research compared the effects of solo and collaborative gameplay formats on learning achievement and motivation among freshmen English students. Sixty students were randomly assigned to play educational games either individually or in small groups over ten weeks. While both groups received similar instructional time, one played independently using individual devices, while the other played in small groups sharing a single device. A pre-test and post-test design was used, with a 20 multiple-choice exam assessing freshman English knowledge. A modified Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire was also administered to measure five dimensions of motivation (intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation, task value beliefs, control beliefs, and self-efficacy for learning). Post-test scores were significantly higher for the collaborative gameplay group, suggesting team-based interaction enhanced learning. However, a MANOVA showed no significant differences between groups on any of the motivation dimensions measured. The findings demonstrate collaborative gameplay may boost achievement without compromising motivation when compared to solo gameplay.

Received: 14 February 2024 | Revised: 26 March 2024 | Accepted: 2 April 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Passions of the Soul
Authors: Williams Rowan 
Published: April 2024

The Eastern Christian tradition is filled with theological and spiritual riches.
In Passions of the Soul, Rowan Williams opens up the great classics of Eastern Christian writing to show how it can help us to understand and cope with the ups and downs of modern life.
With compelling and illuminating insight, he shows the cost of living in a culture that is theologically and philosophically undernourished, working with a diminished and trivialized picture of the human self. The Eastern tradition teaches us how to develop our self-knowledge and awareness, so that we can relate to the world without selfish illusions. Only then can we be ready for our eyes to be opened to God, and avoid destructive patterns of behaviour.
Only in this way can we understand the kind of people we need to become.
Evaluation of Uttroside B, a potent bioactive from Solanum nigrum Linn, as a candidate drug molecule against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: P Tennyson Rayginia , K. Keerthana Chenicheri , C. Shifana Sadiq , U. Aiswarya Sreekumar , P. Archana Retnakumari , Joy P. Maria , S. Lankalapalli Ravi , B. Harikumar Kuzhuvelil , John Anto Ruby 
Published: April 2024

Introduction and Aim: The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing steadily across the global population. NAFLD may progress to the more serious non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a condition that can subsequently advance to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and in many cases, to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are currently no drugs approved by the FDA for the treatment of NAFLD. We previously reported the remarkable therapeutic potency of Utt-B, a saponin isolated in our lab, from the leaves of Solanum nigrum Linn (S. nigrum), against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of Utt-B against NAFLD, which eventually leads to NASH.

Materials and Methods: HepG2 cells were used for in vitro experiments. MTT assay, Oil Red O staining and Immunoblotting were used to evaluate the hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of Utt-B against NAFLD.

Results: Utt-B treatment effectively reduced lipid droplet accumulation within HepG2 cells, demonstrating its potential in mitigating fat deposition associated with NAFLD. Utt-B activated AMPK signaling, leading to the down-regulation of FASN, a key enzyme regulating lipogenesis, suggesting its ability to modulate pathways involved in lipid metabolism.

Conclusion: Our results highlight Utt-B as a promising therapeutic agent for metabolic liver disorders, including NAFLD and NASH, warranting further exploration of the molecule in clinical settings.