bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing a completely distributed observer with robustness against disturbances
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Zhang Ankang , Su Housheng , Chen Guanrong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDistributed observer is an effective scheme for state estimation of a targeted system, utilizing a network of sensors to perform local output measurements. In this article, the problem of designing a distributed observer for a linear time‐invariant system with external disturbances is addressed. The objective is to perform state estimation of such a system while simultaneously mitigating the impact of external disturbances and maintaining the distributed communication characteristics among the sensors. To achieve this, a completely distributed observer with robustness against disturbances is developed by combining the high‐gain observer technique and the adaptive coupling strength strategy. Initially, a traditional high‐gain observer is used for the state estimation on the observable subsystem, and subsequently a high‐gain observer without peaking is introduced to avoid the peaking phenomenon. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results.
State estimators for discrete‐time descriptor linear systems with mixed uncertainties and state constraints
Authors: de Paula Alesi A. , Raffo Guilherme V. , Teixeira Bruno O. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article presents two novel mixed‐uncertainty state estimators for discrete‐time descriptor linear systems, namely linear time‐varying mixed‐uncertainty filter (LTVMF) and linear time‐invariant mixed‐uncertainty filter (LTIMF). The former is based on the minimum‐variance approach, from which quadratic and explicit (special case of quadratic) formulations are derived and addressed to LTV systems. Both formulations incorporate the knowledge of state linear constraints, such as equality (in the descriptor form) and inequality, to mitigate precision and accuracy issues related to initialization and evolution of the state estimates. The LTIMF algorithm is based on the mixed criterion and addressed to LTI systems, with the low‐cost computation being its motivation. Both LTVMF and LTIMF algorithms solve state‐estimation problems in which the uncertainties are combined to yield the so‐called mixed‐uncertainty vector, which is composed by set‐bounded uncertainties, characterized by constrained zonotopes, and stochastic uncertainties, characterized by Gaussian random vectors. As mixed‐uncertainty vectors imply biobjective optimization problems, we innovatively present multiobjective arguments to justify the choice of the solution on the Pareto‐optimal front. In order to discuss the advantages and drawbacks, the state estimators are tested in two numerical examples.
An event‐triggered zonotopic Gaussian state estimator for discrete‐time stochastic multiplicative systems with zonotopic set‐membership and stochastic uncertainties
Authors: Chen Ye , Zhang Chunyan , Li Yinya 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThis article addresses the challenge of estimating the state of a discrete‐time stochastic multiplicative system with zonotopic set‐membership and stochastic uncertainties. The stochastic system model incorporates additive and multiplicative Gaussian and zonotopic set‐membership uncertainties, posing challenges in accurately managing these sources of uncertainty. In practical scenarios with limited communication resources, it is crucial to reduce communication overhead, save resources, and prevent unnecessary information transmission. To achieve these objectives, this article proposes an event‐triggered mechanism and a corresponding state estimator. The optimal gain matrix of the state estimator is derived to minimize the estimation uncertainty represented by the size of zonotope and Gaussian confidence ellipsoid regions. Conditions are established to guarantee the mean square stability of the estimation error, ensuring reliable estimation performance. The configuration of the triggering condition parameters, which play a vital role in determining the event‐triggered updates, is presented. is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed event‐triggered mechanism and the corresponding estimator is demonstrated through simulation results and analyses, using specific metrics and evaluation criteria.
Maltodextrin as a Commercial‐Grade Electrolyte Additive Against Dendrite Formation and Side Reactions for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Weidong , Jiang Xiaoping , Li Shiteng , Cao Piting , Li Linjie , Feng Deshi , Huang Xiaojie , Xu Fengzhao , Ye Chuangen , Liang Xiu , Zhang Jing , Gao Meng , Li Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) directly using zinc metal anodes are promising candidates for grid‐scale energy storage systems due to their intrinsic high theoretical capacity, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the uncontrolled dendrite growth and water‐triggered side reactions seriously plague its practical application. Herein, a cost‐effective and green additive, maltodextrin (MD) is presented, to simultaneously guide the smooth Zn deposition and inhibit the occurrence of water‐related side reactions. Combing experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations shows that the MD molecules could reconstruct the Helmholtz plane, induces a preferential growth of zinc along the (002) plane, and the optimized regulation of the Zn2+ diffusion path and deposition location also results in the formation of fine‐grained Zn deposition layers, thereby inhibiting dendrite growth. In addition, MD molecules readily adsorb to the zinc anode surface, which isolates water molecules from direct contact with the zinc metal, reducing hydrogen precipitation reactions and inhibiting the formation of by‐products. Consequently, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with MD achieves ultra‐long stable cycles of up to 5430 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2, and the Cu||Zn asymmetric cell can stable cycle 1000 cycles with an average coulomb efficiency of 99.78%.
Self‐discharge in supercapacitors. Part I: Conway's diagnostics
Authors: Nimmakayala Deeksha , Srivastava Shaswat , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSupercapacitors have emerged as drivers for the advancement of green energy technologies in energy storage systems and energy‐efficient devices. Their ability to rapidly acquire and deliver charge at high current densities and long cycle life is key. However, their high self‐discharge rates prevent their potential use in a wide range of applications, especially when utilizing commonly available activated carbon electrodes. Addressing this bottleneck is hindered by the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the self‐discharge processes. In this article, we provide a concise overview of various types of supercapacitors, followed by an exploration of self‐discharge phenomena within electrochemical systems. Recognizing the limited understanding at a molecular level, this article focuses on characterizing self‐discharge through the nature of the gradual decline in cell potential. We then survey the use of diagnostic methods in the literature to elucidate one or more controlling mechanisms operating during self‐discharge, facilitating a rational search for mitigation. We conclude by emphasizing the need for caution when interpreting controlling mechanisms solely based on cell potential measurements over time.This article is categorized under:
Emerging Technologies > Energy Storage
A comprehensive review of solar cooking systems
Authors: Ceviz Mehmet Akif , Muratçobanoğlu Burak , Mandev Emre , Afshari Faraz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work presents an extensive and thorough examination of solar cooking systems, offering a comprehensive overview of their design, functionality, and practical implications. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and technological advancements, the paper highlights the various types of solar cooking methods and their respective benefits. The study delves into the environmental, social, and economic advantages of solar cooking systems, presenting their potential to reduce energy demands and cooking‐related challenges in diverse regions. By synthesizing a wide range of research, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and individuals interested in harnessing solar energy for sustainable and efficient cooking solutions. Additionally, this study contributes to the understanding and promotion of solar cooking as a viable and environmentally friendly alternative. It also analyzes why solar cooking systems have not become widespread and reveals the obstacles facing them.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Solar Energy
The “energy rebound effect” within the framework of environmental sustainability
Authors: Özsoy Tufan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe energy rebound effect, characterized by increasing energy use despite enhanced efficiency, has emerged as a complex interdisciplinary topic in the literature, reflecting its significance in both production and consumption sustainability. Recognizing the pivotal role of academic research in shaping energy management strategies and policies, this study conducted a comprehensive bibliometric review, accessing 530 articles from major citation indexes. This analysis provides insights into the evolution of the energy rebound field and potential future directions. Understanding the existing literature on the rebound effect serves as a valuable foundation for forthcoming research endeavors, addressing the intricate challenge of reconciling energy efficiency with sustainable energy consumption and production. The review explores the extensive literature on the energy rebound effect, highlighting a predominant focus on residential (e.g., cooling, heating, lighting, transportation) and industrial energy consumption in the majority of studies. Empirical applications primarily emphasize the measurement of the energy rebound effect, with a notable trend of increasing research concentration in China in recent years. Additionally, there is a growing body of economy‐wide analyses in this field. However, the literature exhibits complexity in both the analyses conducted and the methods employed for measuring the rebound effect. Research gaps are apparent, numerous studies tend to concentrate solely on the rebound effect at the overall energy consumption level, neglecting variations in energy types and the behavioral patterns of economic actors. Furthermore, despite consistent findings of a higher rebound effect in developing nations, there is a noticeable lack of scholarly literature addressing this issue about these countries.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Energy Efficiency
Human and Social Dimensions > Behavioral Science
Policy and Economics > Governance and Regulation
The noncanonical NFκB pathway: Regulatory mechanisms in health and disease
Authors: Rodriguez Benancio N. , Huang Helen , Chia Jennifer J. , Hoffmann Alexander 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe noncanonical NFκB signaling pathway mediates the biological functions of diverse cell survival, growth, maturation, and differentiation factors that are important for the development and maintenance of hematopoietic cells and immune organs. Its dysregulation is associated with a number of immune pathologies and malignancies. Originally described as the signaling pathway that controls the NFκB family member RelB, we now know that noncanonical signaling also controls NFκB RelA and cRel. Here, we aim to clarify our understanding of the molecular network that mediates noncanonical NFκB signaling and review the human diseases that result from a deficient or hyper‐active noncanonical NFκB pathway. It turns out that dysregulation of RelA and cRel, not RelB, is often implicated in mediating the resulting pathology.This article is categorized under:
Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Immune System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
Examination of kt-factorization in a Yukawa theory
Authors: Guiot B. , van Hameren A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We discuss the upper limit, kmax, of the transverse-momentum integration performed in the kt-factorization formula. Based on explicit calculations in the Yukawa theory and the study of seminal papers, we argue that kmax is equal to the factorization scale μF used to factorize the cross section into an off-shell hard coefficient and a universal factor. There is consequently a relation between kmax and the definition of unintegrated parton densities (UPDFs). The use of an inconsistent relation leads potentially to the overestimation of the cross section, which has been observed, e.g., in D-meson production [1]. One of our conclusions is that UPDFs related to collinear PDFs by an integration up to μ ∼ Q, where Q is the hard scale and μ the scale in the collinear PDFs, imply that $$ {k}_{\textrm{max}}^2 $$

k
max
2

∼ Q2. Integrating the transverse-momentum significantly above may result in the overestimation of the cross section. On the opposite, for UPDFs related to the collinear ones by an integration of the transverse momentum up to infinity, any $$ {k}_{\textrm{max}}^2 $$

k
max
2

> Q2 is fine.
Effective dynamics of quantum fluctuations in field theory: with applications to cosmology
Authors: Ding Ding , Zhao Yu , Wan Yidun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We develop a novel framework for describing quantum fluctuations in field theory, with a focus on cosmological applications. Our method uniquely circumvents the use of operator/Hilbert-space formalism, instead relying on a systematic treatment of classical variables, quantum fluctuations, and an effective Hamiltonian. Our framework not only aligns with standard formalisms in flat and de Sitter spacetimes, which assumes no backreaction, demonstrated through the φ3-model, but also adeptly handles time-dependent backreaction in more general cases. The uncertainty principle and spatial symmetry emerge as critical tools for selecting initial conditions and understanding effective potentials. We discover that modes inside the Hubble horizon do not necessarily feel an initial Minkowski vacuum, as is commonly assumed. Our findings offer fresh insights into the early universe’s quantum fluctuations and potential explanations to large-scale CMB anomalies.
Double parton distributions with flavor interference from lattice QCD
Authors: Reitinger Daniel , Zimmermann Christian , Diehl Markus , Schäfer Andreas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study double parton distributions with flavor interference in the nucleon and compare them with previous results for the flavor diagonal case. We investigate both unpolarized and polarized partons. We compare our lattice results with those obtained from the simple description of the proton in terms of an SU(6) symmetric three-quark wave function and find that this description fails for both flavor and polarization dependence. We also derive and test a factorization ansatz for the unpolarized flavor interference distribution in terms of single-parton distributions and find that this ansatz fails to a large extent.
Gravitational radiations of Kerr black hole from warped symmetries
Authors: Xu Jianfei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The warped conformal symmetries have been found in the covariant phase space of a set of non-trivial diffeomorphism near the Kerr black hole horizon. In this paper, we consider the retarded Green’s function and the absorption probability for the scalar and higher spin perturbations on a generic non-extreme Kerr black hole background, and perform their holographic calculations in terms of the warped CFT. This provide further evidence on the conjecture that the warped CFT is relevant to the microstate description of the Kerr black hole.
Domain walls in the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model and their charge and CP-violating interactions with Standard Model fermions
Authors: Sassi Mohamed Younes , Moortgat-Pick Gudrid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Discrete symmetries play an important role in several extensions of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. For instance, in order to avoid flavor changing neutral currents, a discrete Z2 symmetry is imposed on the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM). This can lead to the formation of domain walls (DW) as the Z2 symmetry gets spontaneously broken during electroweak symmetry breaking in the early universe and domain walls form between regions whose vacua are related by the discrete symmetry. Due to this simultaneous spontaneous breaking of both the discrete symmetry and the electroweak symmetry, the vacuum manifold consists of two disconnected 3-spheres. Such a non-trivial disconnected vacuum manifold leads to several choices for the vacua at two adjacent regions, in contrast to models where only the discrete symmetry gets spontaneously broken and the vacuum manifold consists of several disconnected points. Due to this, we end up with several classes of DW solutions having different properties localized inside the wall, such as electric charge and/or CP violating vacua. We discuss the properties of these different classes of DW solutions as well as the interaction of SM fermions with such topological defects leading to different exotic phenomena such as, for example, the top quark being transmitted or reflected off the wall as a bottom quark.
Role of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: modulation of M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Yang Yi , Xiao Zhenyu , Yang Weijie , Sun Yangyang , Sui Xin , Lin Xueyang , Yang Xinyi , Bao Zhenghao , Cui Ziqi , Ma Yingkai , Li Weidong , Wang Shengran , Yang Jun , Wang Yongan , Luo Yuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) poses significant challenges due to limited treatment options despite its complex pathogenesis involving cellular and molecular mechanisms. This study investigated the role of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels in regulating M2 macrophage polarization in IPF progression, potentially offering novel therapeutic targets. Using a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in C57BL/6J mice, we assessed the therapeutic potential of the TRPA1 inhibitor HC-030031. TRPA1 upregulation was observed in fibrotic lungs, correlating with worsened lung function and reduced survival. TRPA1 inhibition mitigated fibrosis severity, evidenced by decreased collagen deposition and restored lung tissue stiffness. Furthermore, TRPA1 blockade reversed aberrant M2 macrophage polarization induced by bleomycin, associated with reduced Smad2 phosphorylation in the TGF-β1-Smad2 pathway. In vitro studies with THP-1 cells treated with bleomycin and HC-030031 corroborated these findings, highlighting TRPA1's involvement in fibrotic modulation and macrophage polarization control. Overall, targeting TRPA1 channels presents promising therapeutic potential in managing pulmonary fibrosis by reducing pro-fibrotic marker expression, inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization, and diminishing collagen deposition. This study sheds light on a novel avenue for therapeutic intervention in IPF, addressing a critical need in the management of this challenging disease.
Graphical abstract
Sections and Unirulings of Families over $\mathbb{P}^{1}$
Authors: Pieloch Alex 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider morphisms $\pi : X \to \mathbb{P}^{1}$ of smooth projective varieties over $\mathbb{C}$. We show that if π has at most one singular fibre, then X is uniruled and π admits sections. We reach the same conclusions, but with genus zero multisections instead of sections, if π has at most two singular fibres, and the first Chern class of X is supported in a single fibre of π.To achieve these result, we use action completed symplectic cohomology groups associated to compact subsets of convex symplectic domains. These groups are defined using Pardon’s virtual fundamental chains package for Hamiltonian Floer cohomology. In the above setting, we show that the vanishing of these groups implies the existence of unirulings and (multi)sections.
Compact Embeddings for Fractional Super and Sub Harmonic Functions with Radial Symmetry
Authors: Bellazzini Jacopo , Georgiev Vladimir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prove compactness of the embeddings in Sobolev spaces for fractional super and sub harmonic functions with radial symmetry. The main tool is a pointwise decay for radially symmetric functions belonging to a function space defined by finite homogeneous Sobolev norm together with finite $$L^2$$

L
2

norm of the Riesz potentials. As a byproduct we prove also existence of maximizers for the interpolation inequalities in Sobolev spaces for radially symmetric fractional super and sub harmonic functions.
Genetik, Epigenetik und Umweltfaktoren der Lebenserwartung – Welche Rolle spielt Nature-versus-Nurture beim Altern?
Authors: Bierhoff Holger 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland und weltweit steigt das Durchschnittsalter der Bevölkerung immer weiter an. Mit dieser allgemeinen Zunahme des chronologischen Alters wird der Fokus auf das biologische Alter, d. h. den tatsächlichen Gesundheits- und Fitnesszustand, immer wichtiger. Hier stellt sich die zentrale Frage, inwieweit die altersbedingte Abnahme der Fitness genetisch vorbestimmt oder durch Umweltfaktoren und Lebensstil beeinflussbar ist.Bei dieser Nature-versus-Nurture-Debatte haben viele epigenetische Studien in der Alternsforschung interessante Einblicke geliefert. In den meisten Modellorganismen geht das Altern mit bestimmten epigenetischen Veränderungen einher, denen unter anderem durch moderate Kalorienreduzierung oder vermehrte körperliche Aktivität entgegengewirkt werden kann. Da sich diese Interventionen auch positiv auf die Lebensspanne und Gesundheit auswirken, scheint die Epigenetik im Mittelpunkt zwischen Umwelteinflüssen und Alternsprozessen zu stehen. Hierfür spricht auch, dass es im Verlauf des Lebens von eineiigen Zwillingen eine epigenetische Drift gibt, die mit der unterschiedlichen Ausprägung von Alterserscheinungen zusammenhängt. Darüber hinaus lässt sich anhand von DNA-Methylierungsmustern das biologische Alter sehr präzise bestimmen, was die Bedeutung der Epigenetik für das Altern weiter untermauert.Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die Bedeutung von genetischen und epigenetischen Parametern für die Lebenserwartung. Dabei wird ein Augenmerk auf den Möglichkeiten liegen, durch Lebensstil und Umweltfaktoren ein junges Epigenom zu erhalten, um so das biologische Altern zu verlangsamen.