bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The usefulness of detecting thyroglobulin in fine‐needle aspirates from patients with neck lesions using a sensitive thyroglobulin assay
Authors: Sigstad E. , Heilo A. , Paus E. , Holgersen K. , Grøholt K. K. , Jørgensen L. H. , Bogsrud T. V. , Berner A. , Bjøro T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of thyroglobulin (Tg) in fine needle aspirates (Tg‐FNAB) of nonthyroidal neck masses using a sensitive in‐house method for detecting Tg in washout specimens.A total of 256 samples from 145 patients were evaluated for Tg in washout specimen from FNAB and compared to corresponding cytological smear and histology of 46 surgical specimens. Tg was measured by a sensitive in‐house time‐resolved immunofluorometric assay.The sensitivity for Tg‐FNAB alone or in combination with cytological findings was found to be 100% in both the follow‐up group and before primary surgery. In the follow‐up group the specificity of Tg‐FNAB was 100%.Fifty‐nine of 60 follow‐up specimens with malignant cytology were Tg‐FNAB positive (n = 195). Histological examination of one lymph node with malignant cytology and negative Tg‐FNAB showed metastasis from carcinoma of the salivary gland. Tg‐FNAB was positive in 25 specimens with suspicious or cystic cytology. Tg‐FNAB values were high (median 4557 μg/l, range 122–37200 μg/l) in washout specimen from cystic metastasis from which cytology did not confirm malignancy. Of the 20 lymph nodes with histology confirming metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), the Tg‐FNAB was positive in 19 and intermediate in one. However, before primary surgery, two Tg‐FNABs were false positive compared to the histology of the lymph nodes. TgAb in serum did not interfere with FNAB‐Tg measurements.Tg‐FNAB measurement is accurate with high sensitivity (100%) and of great importance in detecting cystic metastasis when cytology is not conclusive. Even metastases to small neck lymph nodes may be detected by using sensitive Tg‐assay. Serum thyroglobulin antibodies appear to have ignorable effect on the clinical performance of Tg‐FNAB. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:761–767. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case report and review of lupus erythematosus cells in cytology fluids
Authors: Park Jason Y. , Malik Aarti , Dumoff Kimberly L. , Gupta Prabodh K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease typically diagnosed by a combination of physical findings and clinical laboratory testing. Several decades ago, the diagnosis of lupus included the lupus erythematosus (LE) cell assay. Autoimmune serology techniques such as anti‐nuclear antibody staining have replaced the LE cell assay. However, as presented in this report and review of the literature, the in vivo finding of LE cells by cytopathology remains an important finding consistent with the diagnosis of SLE. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:806–809. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for the involvement of lung‐specific γδ T cell subsets in local responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection
Authors: Kirby Alun C. , Newton Darren J. , Carding Simon R. , Kaye Paul M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough γδ T cells are involved in the response to many pathogens, the dynamics and heterogeneity of the local γδ T cell response remains poorly defined. We recently identified γδ T cells as regulators of macrophages and dendritic cells during the resolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae‐mediated lung inflammation. Here, using PCR, spectratype analysis and flow cytometry, we show that multiple γδ T cell subsets, including those bearing Vγ1, Vγ4 and Vγ6 TCR, increase in number in the lungs of infected mice, but not in associated lymphoid tissue. These γδ T cells displayed signs of activation, as defined by CD69 and CD25 expression. In vivo BrdU incorporation suggested that local expansion, rather than recruitment, was the principal mechanism underlying this increase in γδ T cells. This conclusion was supported by the finding that pulmonary γδ T cells, but not αβ T cells, isolated from mice that had resolved infection exhibited lung‐homing capacity in both naive and infected recipients. Together, these data provide novel insights into the origins of the heterogeneous γδ T cell response that accompanies lung infection, and the first evidence that inflammation‐associated γδ T cells may exhibit distinct tissue‐homing potential.
Therapy‐induced antitumor vaccination by targeting tumor necrosis factor‐α to tumor vessels in combination with melphalan
Authors: Mortara Lorenzo , Balza Enrica , Sassi Francesca , Castellani Patrizia , Carnemolla Barbara , De Lerma Barbaro Andrea , Fossati Sara , Tosi Giovanna , Accolla Roberto S. , Borsi Laura 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTreatment of tumor‐bearing mice with mouse (m)TNF‐α, targeted to tumor vasculature by the anti‐ED‐B fibronectin domain antibody L19(scFv) and combined with melphalan, induces a therapeutic immune response. Upon treatment, a highly efficient priming of CD4+ T cells and consequent activation and maturation of CD8+ CTL effectors is generated, as demonstrated by in vivo depletion and adoptive cell transfer experiments. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor tissue demonstrated massive infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells 6 days after treatment and much earlier in the anamnestic response to tumor challenge in cured mice. In fact, the curative treatment with L19mTNF‐α and melphalan resulted in long‐lasting antitumor immune memory, accompanied by a mixed Th1/Th2‐type response and significant in vitro tumor‐specific cytolytic activity. Finally, the combined treatment reduced the percentage and absolute number of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the tumor‐draining lymph nodes of mice responding to therapy, and this was associated with the establishment of protective immunity. These findings pave the way for alternative therapeutic strategies based on the targeted delivery of biological and pharmacological cytotoxic compounds that not only kill most of the tumor cells but, more importantly, trigger an effective and long‐lasting antitumor adaptive immune response.
CD303 (BDCA‐2) signals in plasmacytoid dendritic cells via a BCR‐like signalosome involving Syk, Slp65 and PLCγ2
Authors: Röck Jürgen , Schneider Erik , Grün Joachim R. , Grützkau Andreas , Küppers Ralf , Schmitz Jürgen , Winkels Gregor 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) are the main type I interferon (IFN‐I) producers and play a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. CD303 (BDCA‐2) is a type II c‐type lectin specifically expressed by human PDC. CD303 signaling induces tyrosine phosphorylation and Src kinase dependent calcium influx. Cross‐linking CD303 results in the inhibition of IFN‐I production in stimulated PDC. Here, we demonstrate that PDC express a signalosome similar to the BCR signalosome, consisting of Lyn, Syk, Btk, Slp65 (Blnk) and PLCγ2. CD303 associates with the signaling adapter FcR γ‐chain. Triggering CD303 leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, Slp65, PLCγ2 and cytoskeletal proteins. Analogous to BCR signaling, CD303 signaling is likely linked with its internalization by clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, CD303 signaling leads to reduced levels of transcripts for IFN‐I genes and IFN‐I‐responsive genes, indicating that the inhibition of IFN‐I production by stimulated PDC is at least partially regulated at the transcriptional level. These results support a possible therapeutic value of an anti‐CD303 mAb strategy, since the production of IFN‐I by PDC is considered to be a major pathophysiological factor in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.See accompanying commentary at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji200737944
Effect of chronic azathioprine treatment on germ‐line transmission ofHprtmutation in mice
Authors: Bendre Sachin V. , Shaddock Joseph G. , Dobrovolsky Vasily N. , Albertini Richard J. , Heflich Robert H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAzathioprine (Aza), a prodrug of 6‐mercaptopurine, is used in human medicine to prevent transplant rejection and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Extremely highHPRTlymphocyte mutant frequencies (MFs) are found in humans and mice chronically treated with Aza, and these elevated MFs appear to be caused by selection and amplification of pre‐existingHPRTmutant lymphocytes. In the present study, we investigated if in vivo selection by Aza also promotes the germ‐line transmission ofHprtmutants. Fifty‐five male C57BL/6 mice were treated with 10 mg/kg Aza three times/week for 24 weeks; 10 control mice were treated with the vehicle. Each of these males then was bred to unexposed females for a total of 8 weeks. Analysis of the Aza‐treated males after the breeding period indicated that 12 had highly elevatedHprtlymphocyte MFs (1 × 10−4–2.5 × 10−1vs. normal MFs of <1 × 10−5), indicating that the Aza treatment successfully selected somatic cell mutants. The female offspring from the breeding were sacrificed at 28 days of age andHprtMFs were measured in spleen lymphocytes. Most of the 364 female offspring (332 from Aza‐treated fathers) hadHprtMFs of 0–6 × 10−6, but seven of the offspring had moderately elevated MFs of 16 × 10−6–55 × 10−6. Since one of these mice was fathered by a control male, these relatively high MFs appear to be part of the normal variation in lymphocyteHprtMF. The present results provide no evidence that long‐term Aza treatment promotes high levels of germ‐lineHprtmutation transmission in mice. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A preliminary investigation of the reliability and validity of the Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards and the Beck Depression Inventory‐Fast Screen to screen for depression in older stroke survivors
Authors: Healey A. K. , Kneebone I. I. , Carroll M. , Anderson S. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct an initial assessment of the reliability and validity of the Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards (BASDEC) and the Beck Depression Inventory‐Fast Screen (BDI‐FS) to screen for depression in older stroke survivors.MethodsParticipants from four inpatient rehabilitation units completed the BASDEC and the BDI‐FS together with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for comparison. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis 1 Disorders (SCID) was then completed with all participants to ascertain a criterion depression diagnosis. The BASDEC and BDI‐FS were subsequently completed for a second time.ResultsForty‐nine stroke survivors (M = 78.80, SD = 6.79 years) were included. The BASDEC and BDI‐FS demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The BASDEC (cut‐off ≥7) resulted in a sensitivity of 1.0 and specificity of 0.95 for detecting major depression whereas the BDI‐FS (cut‐off ≥4) had a sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.74. When participants with minor depression were included in analyses, sensitivity lowered to 0.69 (specificity = 0.97) for the BASDEC and 0.62 (specificity = 0.78) for the BDI‐FS.ConclusionsThe BASDEC and BDI‐FS were found to have acceptable reliability. The BASDEC demonstrated some advantage in criterion validity over the BDI‐FS at the examined cut‐offs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 1,5,5‐Trideuterated cis‐ and trans‐2,4‐Dioxa‐3‐phosphadecalins. 31P‐NMR Evidence of Covalent‐Bond Formation and the Stereochemical Implications in the Course of the Inhibition of δ‐Chymotrypsin
Authors: Stöckli Markus J. , Rüedi Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe irreversible inhibition of δ‐chymotrypsin with the enantiomerically pure, P(3)‐axially and P(3)‐equatorially X‐substituted cis‐ and trans‐configurated 2,4‐dioxa‐3‐phospha(1,5,5‐2H3)bicyclo[4.4.0]decane 3‐oxides (X=F, 2,4‐dinitrophenoxy) was monitored by 31P‐NMR spectroscopy. 1H‐Correlated 31P{2H}‐NMR spectra enabled the direct observation of the vicinal coupling (3J) between the P‐atom of the inhibitor and the CH2O moiety of Ser195 (=‘Ser195’(CH2O)), thus establishing the covalent nature of the ‘Ser195’(CH2OP) bond in the inhibited enzyme. The stereochemical course of the phosphorylation is dependent on the structure of the inhibitor, and neat inversion, both inversion and retention, as well as neat retention of the configuration at the P‐atom was found.
Vanadium(III) Chloride (VCl3): Efficient Reagent for the Introduction of Tetrahydrofuran‐Based Acetal Protecting Groups for Alcohols
Authors: Das Biswanath , Krishnaiah Maddeboina , Reddy Vtukuri Saidi , Laxminarayana Keetha 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTreatment of different types of alcohols with tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of VCl3 and CCl4 smoothly afforded the corresponding THF‐based acetals in excellent yields. The reaction is fast at room temperature, and several functional groups are tolerated, with no racemization being observed. A radical mechanism, based on Cl3C. as the active species, is proposed for this novel kind of transformation, which complements the classical tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐yl (THP) protocol.
New Eremophilenolactones from Senecio nemorensis
Authors: Meng Fan‐Jun , Zhao Hong , Xie Wei‐Dong , Zhao Rui‐Jian , Lai Peng‐Xiang , Zhou Yan‐Xia , Miao Yan‐Li 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree new eremophilane sesquiterpenes were isolated from the MeOH extract of the roots of Senecio nemorensis. Their structures were identified as 8α‐hydroxy‐6β‐(isobutanoyloxy)‐1‐oxoeremophila‐7(11),9‐dieno‐12,8β‐lactone (1), 6β,8β‐dimethoxy‐1‐oxoeremophila‐7(11),9‐dieno‐12,8α‐lactone (2), and 10α‐hydroxy‐6β‐(isobutanoyloxy)‐1‐oxoeremophila‐7(11),8‐dieno‐12,8‐lactone (3), respectively, based on spectroscopic data, including IR, EI‐MS, HR‐ESI‐MS, and 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR data.
Three Cyclized Isoprenylated Flavonoids from the Roots and Rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis
Authors: Ding Peilan , Chen Daofeng 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo new flavanones, tonkinochromanes D (1) and E (2), and a new chalcone, tonkinochromane F (3), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Sophora tonkinensis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 2D‐NMR and circular‐dichroism (CD) techniques, in combination with HR‐MS analysis. Compounds 1–3, as well the previously reported tonkinochromanes A–C, were shown by LC‐MS analysis to be ‘artifacts’ resulting from acid‐catalyzed electrophilic cyclization of isoprenyl side chains during extraction.
Four New Lanostane Triterpenoids from Euphorbia humifusa
Authors: Lu Zhi‐Qiang , Chen Guang‐Tong , Zhang Jin‐Qiang , Huang Hui‐Lian , Guan Shu‐Hong , Guo De‐An 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFour new lanostane triterpenoids, namely (3β)‐3‐hydroxy‐24‐methylenelanost‐8‐ene‐7,11‐dione (1), (3β)‐3‐hydroxylanosta‐8,24‐diene‐7,11‐dione (2), (3β,7α)‐3,7‐dihydroxylanosta‐8,24‐dien‐11‐one (3), and (3β,11β)‐3,11‐dihydroxylanosta‐8,24‐dien‐7‐one (4) were isolated from Euphorbia humifusa, together with 2 known compounds. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the related known compounds.
Hydro‐climatic impacts on the ice cover of the lower Peace River
Authors: Beltaos Spyros 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSince the late 1960s, a paucity of ice‐jam flooding in the lower Peace River has resulted in prolonged dry periods and considerable reduction in the area covered by lakes and ponds that provide habitat for aquatic life in the Peace–Athabasca Delta (PAD) region. Though major ice jams occur at breakup, antecedent conditions play a significant role in their frequency and severity. These conditions are partly defined by the mode of freezeup and the maximum thickness that is attained during the winter, shortly before the onset of spring and development of positive net heat fluxes to the ice cover. Data from hydrometric gauge records and from field surveys are utilized herein to study these conditions. It is shown that freezeup flows are considerably larger at the present time than before regulation, and may be responsible for more frequent formation of porous accumulation covers. Despite a concomitant rise in winter temperatures, solid‐ice thickness has increased since the 1960s. Using a simple ice growth model, specifically developed for the study area, it is shown that porous accumulation covers enhance winter ice growth via accelerated freezing into the porous accumulation. Coupled with a reduction in winter snowfall, this effect can not only negate, but reverse, the effect of warmer winters on ice thickness, thus explaining present conditions. The present model is also shown to be a useful prediction tool, especially for extrapolating incomplete data to the end of the winter. Copyright © 2007 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early life events and conditions and breast cancer risk: From epidemiology to etiology
Authors: Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Adami Hans‐Olov , Ekbom Anders , Hsieh Chung‐Cheng , Lagiou Pagona 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRisk factors for breast cancer—documented by intensive epidemiological investigations and viewed in the context of general principles of carcinogenesis—can be integrated to an etiologic model comprising 3 principal components: the likelihood of breast cancer occurrence depends on the number of mammary tissue‐specific stem cells, which is determined in early life; all growth‐enhancing mammotropic hormones affect the rate of expansion of initiated clones; and while a pregnancy stimulates the replication of already initiated cells, it conveys long‐term protection through differentiation of mammary tissue‐specific stem cells. This perspective accommodates much of what is known about the epidemiology and natural history of breast cancer and highlights the role of early life in the origin of this cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatigue strength of human cortical bone: Age, physical, and material heterogeneity effects
Authors: Zioupos P. , Gresle M. , Winwood K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHuman bone is highly heterogeneous at the microscale and this heterogeneity has been thought to relate to some fracture scenarios. The fatigue strength of cortical bone has been shown to relate to its inner architecture (osteonal or fibrolamellar) and some physical characteristics in the past, but never to the heterogeneity of its microstructure. The present study examines for the first time, the fatigue strength of human bone for six individuals of various ages in three main modes (tension, compression, and shear), the salient physical characteristics of these same specimens and the elastic mismatch that is present at a microstructural level by performing microhardness measurements on osteons and their surrounding matrix areas. The results showed that the ratio of hardness values in osteons and interstitial areas adversely affects fatigue strength with an effect more potent if not equal to the other usual factors such as “age” or features, material density, porosity, and mineral content, which are measured in a homogenized (averaged over a cross section) manner at a macrostructural (large scale) level. It has been known that fatigue microcracks localize in regions between osteons and interstitial matrix and in hypermineralized matrix areas. The present results indicate that, perhaps, heterogeneity not only influences the initiation of microcracks, but also their eventual growth and coalescence into larger cracks, which are detrimental for the integrity of the material. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Characterization and dynamic mechanical analysis of selective laser sintered hydroxyapatite‐filled polymeric composites
Authors: Zhang Y. , Hao L. , Savalani M. M. , Harris R. A. , Tanner K. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSelective laser sintering (SLS) is a manufacturing technique which enables the final product to be made directly and rapidly, without tooling or additional machining. For biomedical applications, SLS permits the fabrication of implants and scaffolds with complex geometry accurately and economically. In this study, hydroxyapatite‐reinforced polyethylene and polyamide composites were fabricated using SLS. The SLS samples were characterized in terms of their internal structure, morphology, and porosity. The mechanical properties were examined by dynamic mechanical analysis. The effects of SLS processing conditions, including particle size and laser power, were investigated, and the results were compared with conventional compression‐molded and machined specimens. The internal structure of sintered samples was porous, with open interconnected pores, and the pore size was up to 200 μm. Particle size and laser energy play a key role in the final density and mechanical properties of the sintered components. In the parameter range used, the use of smaller particles produced higher density and stiffness, and the laser‐induced energy could also be varied to optimize the manufacturing process. This study demonstrated that high‐HA‐content reinforced polymer composite can be successfully manufactured by SLS with controlled porosity features. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
The effect of different surface morphology and roughness on osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Ball Michael , Grant David M. , Lo Wei‐Jen , Scotchford Colin A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIncreased magnitude of biomaterial surface roughness and micromachined‐grooved surfaces has both been shown to stimulate osteoblast activity, but have not been compared in the same study quantitatively. A series of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) samples were prepared using simple machining techniques to undertake such a comparison. Samples were either grit blasted (Gb) or shot peened (Sp) to give random discontinuities, or silicon carbide ground (SiC) to produce ordered grooves. These were compared with micropolished samples (Mp). The samples were coated with a 1 μm continuous coating of hydroxyapatite to remove differences in surface chemistry. Human osteoblast‐like cells were seeded onto the materials and metabolic activity, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin production assessed. Cell responses were highly dependent on the substrate that they were cultured on. Cells cultured on the smooth and ordered (Mp and SiC, respectively) samples had higher metabolic activity and a more elongated morphology than those cultured on the randomly structured Gb or Sp samples. Over 21 days, cell metabolic activity peaked relative to the control between 7 and 14 days on the Mp sample, and between 14 and 21 days on the Gb, Sp, and SiC samples. In common with other researchers, we note that micron scale topography may have potential for influencing osseointegration. More importantly, as the magnitude of the discontinuities on SiC, Gb, and Sp were similar, the differences in cell responses does not appear to lie with the size of the features, but whether the features showed an ordered or disordered structure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008