bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical solutions of Schrödinger equations in ℝ3
Authors: Han Houde , Yin Dongsheng , Huang Zhongyi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe consider the numerical solution of the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation in ℝ3. An artificial boundary is introduced to obtain a bounded computational domain. On the given artificial boundary the exact boundary condition and a series of approximating boundary conditions are constructed, which are called artificial boundary conditions. By using the exact or approximating boundary conditions on the artificial boundary, the original problem is reduced to an equivalent or an approximate initial‐boundary value problem on the bounded computational domain. The uniqueness of the approximate problem is proved. The numerical results demonstrate that the method given in this article is effective and feasible. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
In‐hospital use of opioids increases rate of coded postoperative paralytic ileus
Authors: Goettsch Wim G. , Sukel Myrthe P. P. , van der Peet Donald L. , van Riemsdijk Melanie M. , Herings Ron M. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurposeTo determine the association between opioid use and the occurrence of postoperative paralytic ileus (POI) after different types of surgery.MethodsThe PHARMO database was used to perform a case control study in which intramural drug utilisation data were linked to hospital discharge diagnoses. All patients admitted for digestive, abdominal or genito‐urinary surgeries were selected in 1998–2003. Cases with coded POI (ICD‐9‐CM 560.1 and 564.4) and controls with no POI were matched 1:10. The association between coded POI and opioid use was assessed using conditional logistic regression.ResultsIn 0.2% of all admissions (total of 180,279), patients developed POI and in 18% of all admissions, patients received opioids. Three hundred and sixty‐six cases with POI were selected with their matching controls. The use of (nico)morphine was associated with the risk for developing POI (odds ratio (OR) 12.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.4–27.1). The association between opioids and POI was most obvious in patients with abdominal surgery (OR 33.8, 95%CI 6.2–184.6) and patients without colon/colorectal/rectal tumours (OR 13.2, 95%CI 5.7–30.3).ConclusionThis study demonstrated a distinct association between the use of opioids, in particular natural opium alkaloids, and the risk for coded POI. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chronic bacterial infection and inflammation incite reactive hyperplasia in a mouse model of chronic prostatitis
Authors: Elkahwaji Johny E. , Zhong Weixiong , Hopkins Walter J. , Bushman Wade 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammation is postulated to contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. We developed a mouse model of chronic prostatitis to test whether infection‐induced chronic inflammation would incite reactive changes in prostatic epithelium.MethodsProstate tissues harvested from either phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or E. coli‐infected mice were evaluated for histological changes and immunostained for markers of oxidative stress and epithelial cell proliferation.ResultsAs compared to PBS‐treated controls, mice infected with E. coli bacteria for 5 days showed foci of uniformly acute inflammation in the glandular lumen and a persitent inflammation at 12 weeks post‐inoculation in the stroma. Prostatic glands showing varying degrees of atypical hyperplasia and dysplasia had stronger staining for oxidative DNA damage and increased epithelial cell proliferation than normal prostatic glands.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that chronic inflammation induces reactive hyperplasia associated with oxidative stress injury and support the proposed linkage among inflammation, oxidative DNA damage, and prostate carcinogenesis. Prostate 67:14–21, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Luminescence properties of Tl+ centers doped in KH2PO4
Authors: Ichimura K. , Fuyuki T. , Kawai T. , Hashimoto S. , Hirai T. , Ohno N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPhotoluminescence and photoexcitation spectra of KDP:Tl have been investigated in the energy region of 2 ‐ 10 eV. A broad luminescence band is observed at 4.5 eV under the excitation with UV light at 10 K, showing a Gaussian lineshape and a large Stokes shift. The 4.5 eV luminescence is efficiently induced under the excitation of the A, B and C absorption bands associated with impurity Tl+ ions. It is found that the 4.5 eV luminescence spectrum exhibits a drastic change at the ferroelectric transition temperature T C = 123 K, and the bandwidth has also been changed at T C. These results suggest that the relaxed excited electronic states of the Tl+ ions are strongly influenced by the ferroelectric local field due to surrounding ligand ions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and optical properties of as‐deposited and annealed SrTiO3 films prepared by laser ablation
Authors: Ishiwata Ken'ichiro , Mochizuki Shosuke 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn order to clarify the large band gap energy reported for thin SrTiO3 film (of which thickness is smaller than 200 nm) and to examine the optical properties reported for bulk SrTiO3 crystals, different thick SrTiO3 films were prepared by a pulsed laser ablation method. The morphology and structure of the as‐deposited and annealed films were studied with the optical‐ and scanning electron microscopes and with an x‐ray diffraction method. The optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of the films are then measured at temperatures between 6.5 and 300 K. A large band gap energy (about 4.0 eV) has been observed even for thick amorphous SrTiO3 films (of which thicknesses are approximately 1.3 μm). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic field influence on excitons in coupled quantum wells and coupled quantum dots and on exciton polaritons in microcavities
Authors: Kaputkina N. E. , Lozovik Yu. E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe consider magnetic field effect on properties of spatially indirect excitons in coupled quantum wells and coupled quantum dots and on exciton polaritons in optical microcavity. Magnetic field controls exciton dispersion curve and its intersection with microcavity photon dispersion curve and thus changes polariton spectra. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence of MgxZn1–xO films grown on a sapphire substrate by a MOCVD technique
Authors: Liu C. Y. , Liu Y. C. , Zhang B. P. , Mu R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the structural and optical properties of MgxZn1–xO films are studied. The MgxZn1–xO films were deposited by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The concentration of Mg in the sample was changed in the range from x = 0 to 0.5. The structure of the films was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and atom force microscope (AFM). The optical band gap of the films was measured by UV‐Vis spectrophotometer and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The exciton recombination dynamics was also investigated with time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) at 77 K. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of the Jahn‐Teller effect on absorption and photoluminescence spectra of Si nanocrystals
Authors: Scholz Reinhard , Pouladsaz Davoud , Schreiber Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe optical properties of H‐passivated silicon nanocrystals are determined by the energetics of the frontier orbitals and their dependence on the deformation in the relaxed excited state. In the present work, the geometry of H‐passivated tetrahedral silicon nanocrystals is optimized with density functional methods, and the deformation in the relaxed excited geometries is obtained from time‐dependent density functional theory. The Jahn‐Teller effect in the lowest excited state results in a distortion towards tetragonal symmetry, contributing significantly to the red shift of the photoluminescence spectra. For nanocrystals up to a diameter of 1.5 nm, we project the deformations at the minima of the excited state potential surface onto the different symmetries, allowing for a discrimination of the respective contributions to the total Stokes shift. For selected systems, the influence of the Jahn‐Teller effect can exceed the red shift related to a symmetryconserving deformation in the relaxed excited state. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Radiative lifetime of geminate and non‐geminate pairs in amorphous semiconductors: a‐Ge:H
Authors: Singh Jai 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLifetimes of radiative recombination of geminate and non‐geminate pairs in amorphous semiconductors are calculated at thermal equilibrium. The theory is applied to calculate the radiative lifetimes of type I and II geminate pairs and non‐geminate pairs in hydrogenated amorphous germanium (a‐Ge:H) and compared with the experimental results. The type II geminate pairs can exist in singlet and triplet spin states, only singlet is considered here, whereas the type I geminate pairs do not have spin dependence. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoinduced phenomena observed as transient reflectance changes in α′‐NaV2O5
Authors: Suemoto Tohru , Nagase Hirokazu , Nakajima Makoto , Isobe Masahiko , Ueda Yutaka 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTransient reflectance changes induced by pulsed photoexcitation at 800 nm were studied in sodium vanadate α′‐NaV2O5. At low excitation densities, the response shows a slow rising with a time constant of 3 ps, while at higher excitation densities, the rising becomes fast with a time constant around 500 fs. The transient spectra were compared to steady state temperature difference reflectance spectra and the photocreated states are understood as high temperature state of high temperature phase. On the other hand, the fast rising components are ascribed to non‐thermal creation of the high temperature phase. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Femtosecond transient absorption study of excitons in quasi‐one‐dimensional MX‐chain compounds
Authors: Wada Y. , Matsushita N. , Konno Y. , Haneda H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo photon absorption spectra of [Pt(en)2][Pt(en)2Br2](SO4)2.6H2O have been measured by the femto‐second transient absorption measurements. A two photon absorption band of an exciton with even parity has been found 0.8 eV above the one photon absorption band of an exciton with odd parity. The two photon absorption coefficient has been estimated at 1.5x102 cm/GW for pump energy of 1.56 eV and for probe energy of 1.95 eV at 100 K. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Cid1 family of non‐canonical poly(A) polymerases
Authors: Stevenson Abigail L. , Norbury Chris J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPolyadenylation is an essential processing step for most eukaryotic mRNAs. In the nucleus, poly(A) polymerase adds poly(A) tails to mRNA 3′ ends, contributing to their export, stability and translatability. Recently, a novel class of non‐canonical poly(A) polymerases was discovered in yeast, worms and vertebrates. Different members of the Cid1 family, named after its founding member in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, are localized in the nucleus and the cytoplasm and are thought to target specific RNAs for polyadenylation. Polyadenylation of a target RNA by a Cid1‐like poly(A) polymerase can lead to its degradation or stabilization, depending on the enzyme involved. Cid1‐like proteins have important roles in diverse biological processes, including RNA surveillance pathways, DNA integrity checkpoint responses and RNAi‐dependent heterochromatin formation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of a system for supporting the lifelong learner
Authors: De Freitas Sara , Harrison Ian , Magoulas George , Mee Adrian , Mohamad Fitri , Oliver Martin , Papamarkos George , Poulovassilis Alexandra 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGiven the rapidly changing skills needs of ‘post‐industrial economies’, lifelong learning forms an integral part of government policy within the UK and abroad. However, like the UK, most economies are faced with the problem of how to reach those sections of the community that have traditionally not embraced learning and educational opportunities. In this paper, the development and evaluation of a system designed to address this problem is described. The Lifelong Learning in London for All (L4All) project has investigated the concept of ‘trails’ as a way of organising lifelong learning opportunities. The L4All pilot system combines a set of web services to provide the functionality needed to support this central idea. The development process was outlined, and the findings of an empirical study were used to confirm proof of concept.
Collaborative mentor support in a learning context using a ubiquitous discussion forum to facilitate knowledge sharing for lifelong learning
Authors: Wei Fu‐Hsiang , Chen Gwo‐Dong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Internet has recently been identified as a potential enabler of lifelong learning. Web‐based learning systems enable learners easily to access rich resources and actively participate in learning activities without time and distance limits. The main challenge in lifelong learning is providing the opportunity for discussion and collaborative knowledge construction to engage learners in acquiring and applying knowledge in the context of learning, working and collaboration. Moreover, knowledge sharing is a key component in the formation of communities of lifelong learners. Most online collaborative learning communities use Web text‐based discussion forums for knowledge sharing. However, such discussion forums are separated from the context of learning activities. Furthermore, the facilitation of beneficial dialogue through discussion forums, requires the involvement of mentors as facilitators. This study proposes an e‐book interface that enables learners easily to annotate or enter queries in a text in which questions arise, where a query context is transferred to a discussion forum. The subsequent anchors of questions are linked to a discussion forum for actuating sustained participation. A mentor finder recommends a collaborative peer based on learner knowledge level to answer the questions. Learners can also use mobile phones to access this ubiquitous discussion forum using voice/text anytime and anywhere. The experimental results showed a clear increase in the level of discussions, and most learners indicated that they benefited considerably from collaborative mentor support in an e‐book learning context through the provision of a ubiquitous discussion forum.
Attachment Representations and Discipline in Mothers of Young School Children: An Observation Study
Authors: Verschueren Karine , Dossche Dorien , Marcoen Alfons , Mahieu Sara , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrevious research was extended by connecting maternal attachment representations not only to maternal emotional support and task structuring, but also to maternal discipline. A total number of 62 mothers of preschoolers (Mage = 54 months) completed the adult attachment interview and a self‐report measure of dysfunctional discipline. Two years later, a subsample of 38 mother–child dyads was observed during two laboratory interaction tasks in which the mother and child were induced to have divergent goals. In general, the hypothesized connections between maternal attachment representations and discipline were found, at least when discipline was independently observed. Specifically, as compared to autonomous mothers, non‐autonomous mothers showed more overreactivity, more psychological control and less flexibility in their discipline attempts. Also, their children were less compliant. These differences were more pronounced during a story‐eliciting task than during a block task. These findings suggest that parental behaviors in the discipline domain contribute to the explanation of the intergenerational transmission of attachment patterns.
Strengthening Higher Education Through Gridiron Success? Public Perceptions of the Impact of National Football Championships on Academic Quality*
Authors: Goidel Robert Kirby , Hamilton John Maxwell 
Published: October 2006

Objectives. This article examines the extent to which the public connects athletic success with academic quality, whether these connections are stronger during a year in which a state university wins a national championship, the type of respondents most likely to make such connections, and whether these connections make a difference in terms of public evaluations and support for higher education. Embedded within the 2004 survey instrument, we also consider whether respondents primed with specific question wording identifying the national championship are more likely to make the connection than respondents given more generic language referring to success in college athletics.Methods. Data for the study are based on two statewide, randomly selected samples of Louisiana voting‐age residents, with the first survey conducted in February 2004 in the wake of LSU's BCS National Championship and the second survey conducted in January 2005 in the wake of a 9–3 season.Results. We find that a substantial proportion of the population believes that athletic success and academic quality are connected, that less‐educated respondents are more likely to make such connections, and that these connections affect evaluations of colleges and universities.Conclusions. Athletic success may or may not directly affect academic quality, but the public largely believes such a link exists and those beliefs have important implications for higher education.
One‐Year Follow‐up of an Implant with Early Radiographic Signs of Loss of Osseointegration: Case Report
Authors: Akca Kivanc , Iplikciolu Haldun 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Failures in dental implant treatment are classified as early and late and depend on certain complications. Proposed preventions and treatment modalities for late complications have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature. Since early implant failures are characterized by lack of Osseointegration, generally, removal of the implant is suggested to prevent extensive bone loss that would further complicate implant placements in future. Purpose: This case report presents the controversy between clinical findings and radiographic examinations in evaluating the nature of contact between an implant surface and the bone during the healing period. Materials and Methods: In one patient scheduled for implant treatment in both jaws, four maxillary and two mandibular implants showed excellent healing, whereas one mandibular implant showed an extensive radiolucent area indicating early failure after 6 weeks of healing. The latter implant was clinically stable and was not removed. Results: Radiographic evaluation 1 year later showed no sign of peri‐implant radiolucency of the mandibular Implant as seen after primary healing. Conclusion: When the bone‐implant interface appears to be compromised radiographically but not clinically, such implants may have a favorable prognosis through a currently unknown biologic host response.
Reconstruction of the Anterior Maxilla with Platelet Gel, Autogenous Bone, and Titanium Mesh: A Case Report
Authors: Thor Andreas 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Reconstruction of defects in the anterior part of the maxilla to enable implant placement is a challenging treatment. Recent studies have suggested that the use of autogenous platelet gel may contribute to improved healing of bone grafts. Purpose: A case is presented in which particulated autogenous bone, platelet gel, and a titanium mesh were used for alveolar bone reconstruction of the anterior maxilla prior to implant placement. Materials and Methods: Corticocancellous bone from the iliac crest was mixed with a preparation of autogenous platelet gel (platelet‐rich plasma, thrombin, and calcium chloride) and placed against a titanium mesh fixed to the bone of the palate in a patient with severe resorption of the anterior maxilla. After 4.5 months of healing the mesh was removed and titanium implants were placed. A prolonged healing period of 8 months was allowed before healing abutments were placed and a fixed dental bridge was fabricated. Results: Healing was uneventful, and the anterior maxilla had increased in height and width during the initial healing. All implants became integrated and have been supporting a fixed dental bridge for over 3 years with no dramatic dimensional changes of the graft. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that particulated autogenous bone and platelet gel may be used for reconstruction of the anterior maxilla. Autogenous growth factors in the gel possibly contributed to the positive outcome. Controlled clinical studies are needed to evaluate the effect of using platelet‐rich plasma.
Selecting Nanotechnology‐Based Composites Using Colorimetric and Visual Analysis for the Restoration of Anterior Dentition: A Case Report
Authors: MILNAR FRANK J. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTCurrently it is possible to use direct composites and layering techniques to replicate the complex internal structures, visible shape, color, and surface anatomy of natural teeth. To do so, however, requires dentists to understand the principles of nature and the science of dental materials to determine the most suitable restorative material for a specific indication. By incorporating relatively new technologies—colorimetric analysis, which provides computerized shade guide definitions of a tooth and essential information to verify shade mapping, and a new nanotechnology‐based direct composite—into composite layering techniques, dentists can more predictably replicate the esthetics of natural teeth. This article presents a case in which both technologies, used in combination with a composite layering technique, contributed to the esthetic and functional restoration of the maxillary central incisors.