bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable affordances of information systems for cultural tourism: An organisational aesthetics perspective
Authors: Du Wenyu (Derek) , Ghorbani Majid , Ni Zebo , Pan Shan L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough information systems (IS) are increasingly used to provide sustainable solutions for tourism, our understanding of the social mechanisms whereby IS contribute to a sustainable visitor economy is limited. This paper fills the gap by investigating how organisations enact the affordances of IS in preserving intangible cultural heritage (ICH) to contribute to a sustainable visitor economy. Using an organisational aesthetics perspective, we explore the mechanisms through an in‐depth case study of an ICH‐based company in Jingdezhen, a famous historical porcelain city in China. Through the effective use of IS tools, the case organisation has successfully transformed from a ceramic manufacturing plant to a popular tourist attraction. Our study unveils six sustainable affordances of IS in three dimensions, wherein ICH aesthetics act as direct stimuli, knowledge tools and experiences. Affordances emerge from the processes of both creating and managing aesthetics. By enacting these affordances, the case organisation builds a more profound engagement with online audiences, attracts more ICH visitors and transfers ICH knowledge to potential inheritors of the tradition, creating a sustainable visitor economy. Our findings, summarised into a sustainable affordances model, contribute to the IS for sustainable tourism literature by shedding light on the black box of the social mechanisms of IS‐enabled ICH preservation. The sustainable affordances model can also help ICH‐based organisations reflect on how to build a sustainable visitor economy using IS.
The lived experiences of patients with severe obesity during hospital admissions in Norway: A phenomenological hermeneutic study
Authors: Robstad Nastasja , Fegran Liv 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the lived experiences of patients with severe obesity during hospital admissions.DesignQualitative study design.MethodsSemi‐structured individual interviews with 14 participants with severe obesity from Norway were conducted between May and October 2021. A qualitative phenomenological hermeneutical approach inspired by Paul Riceour was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe following three themes were identified through the analysis of the lived experiences of patients with severe obesity during hospital admissions: blaming my weight, being prejudged and feeling different. The participants shared various emotional experiences of encounters with healthcare professionals at hospitals. They struggled to be recognized and welcomed like everyone else and found it difficult to be judged by someone who did not know them. The various experiences resulted in a vicious circle, ultimately leading to a fear of future hospitalization.ConclusionBeing a patient with obesity in a hospital setting can present various challenges, leading to feelings of shame and guilt. Experiences of stigma may not necessarily be related to the overall hospital context but rather to encounters with healthcare professionals who may be unfamiliar with the patient's history, which can lead to stigmatizing behaviours.ImpactUnderstanding how patients with severe obesity experience their hospital admissions and the importance of familiarizing themselves with the individual patients to avoid stigmatizing behaviours is important for healthcare professionals caring for obese patients.Reporting MethodConsolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.Impact Statement

Patients with obesity often encounter stigmatization and negative attitudes from healthcare professionals, particularly in primary care settings.
Patients with severe obesity experienced various challenging encounters with healthcare professionals during hospital admissions, resulting in a vicious circle, ultimately leading to a fear of future hospitalization.
It is crucial for healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with obesity to acquaint themselves with individual patients to prevent stigmatizing behaviours.
Generating, Grading, and Ghosting: How Organizing Experts Shapes Expertise
Authors: Monteiro Pedro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExperts increasingly refine their expertise into specialties as they labour in and around organizations. Yet, previous research assumes that experts are organized in the workplace in ways that passively accommodate or mirror pre‐existing specialties and focuses on organizational structures that codify the content of experts’ knowledge as an encroachment. Drawing on a qualitative field study in an aeronautical organization's engineering unit, this paper examines the organizational structures that chart the area of experts’ knowledge, i.e., their specialties. The findings show that organizational structures are generative, defining the contours of existing expertise and catalysing the formation of new ones (generating). However, organizational structures also encode criteria that implicitly rank some forms of expertise over others, thereby reinforcing status hierarchies (grading), and misalignment across organizational structures renders some forms of expertise invisible (ghosting). By showing the active role of organizational structures in shaping expertise rather than simply housing it, this paper contributes to our understanding of expertise development as well as status dynamics and access to resources among experts. Further, the paper reveals how misalignments across multiple organizational structures may impact the management of knowledge and human capital.
Phytoplasma: A plant pathogen that cannot be ignored in agricultural production—Research progress and outlook
Authors: Wang Ruotong , Bai Bixin , Li Danyang , Wang Jingke , Huang Weijie , Wu Yunfeng , Zhao Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhytoplasmas are phloem‐restricted plant‐pathogenic bacteria transmitted by insects. They cause diseases in a wide range of host plants, resulting in significant economic and ecological losses worldwide. Research on phytoplasmas has a long history, with significant progress being made in the past 30 years. Notably, with the rapid development of phytoplasma research, scientists have identified the primary agents involved in phytoplasma transmission, established classification and detection systems for phytoplasmas, and 243 genomes have been sequenced and assembled completely or to draft quality. Multiple possible phytoplasma effectors have been investigated, elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which phytoplasmas manipulate their hosts. This review summarizes recent advances in phytoplasma research, including identification techniques, host range studies, whole‐ or draft‐genome sequencing, effector pathogenesis and disease control methods. Additionally, future research directions in the field of phytoplasma research are discussed.
Barley powdery mildew control in Western Australia and beyond
Authors: Ellwood Simon R. , Lopez‐Ruiz Francisco J. , Tan Kar‐Chun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAustralia is one of the largest barley exporters in the world, with Western Australia accounting for some 40% of national production. The crop is predominantly grown in the south and south‐west of the state in winter and spring, where temperate conditions and higher rainfall levels are more suited to barley than northern and eastern regions. Between 2007 and 2013, prolonged outbreaks of barley powdery mildew (BPM) occurred. This was brought about by a combination of the extensive use of susceptible cultivars and an over‐reliance on a small number of single mode‐of‐action demethylation inhibitor fungicides, which select for mutations in the C14α‐demethylase (Cyp51A) gene. This review highlights the steps taken to reduce losses to BPM, breeding efforts to introduce resistance into cultivars and the success of pre‐breeding research to find new and durable resistance genes. We also draw comparisons with powdery mildew in Australian wheat, where similar factors are leading to substantial outbreaks.
Vertical cephalometric characteristics in different populations with Turner syndrome as compared to non‐syndromic populations: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Bierley Kara , Antonarakis Gregory S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsThe present aim was to evaluate vertical cephalometric characteristics in populations with Turner syndrome (TS) using meta‐analysis methodology.MethodsSix electronic databases were queried, up to August 2023, to identify studies comparing the vertical cephalometric characteristics in populations with TS, compared to female control groups. Data were extracted from eligible studies and random‐effects meta‐analysis was employed. Subgroup meta‐analyses for age and karyotype were also attempted. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the AXIS tool.ResultsFrom the initial 195 studies identified, 17 were included in the quantitative synthesis, resulting in a sample of 417 patients with TS, originating from 10 different countries. Risk of bias was overall questionable. Mandibular ramus height was found to be smaller in females with TS, along with a reduction in posterior facial height, a larger anterior‐posterior facial height ratio, and an increase in the mandibular plane angle. Subgroup meta‐analyses showed that females with the monosomy X karyotype had vertical cephalometric characteristics which deviated more from the norm than those with other karyotypes.ConclusionThe vertical lateral cephalometric characteristics of females with TS differ significantly from those of non‐syndromic females, with the largest and most consistent deviation being seen in the monosomy X karyotype. Females with TS show less craniofacial posterior vertical development, with an evident reduction in mandibular ramus height leading to the cephalometric characteristics observed.
Localization of four class I glutaredoxins in the cytosol and the secretory pathway and characterization of their biochemical diversification
Authors: Schlößer Michelle , Moseler Anna , Bodnar Yana , Homagk Maria , Wagner Stephan , Pedroletti Luca , Gellert Manuela , Ugalde José M. , Lillig Christopher H. , Meyer Andreas J. 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARYClass I glutaredoxins (GRXs) are catalytically active oxidoreductases and considered key proteins mediating reversible glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of protein thiols during development and stress responses. To narrow in on putative target proteins, it is mandatory to know the subcellular localization of the respective GRXs and to understand their catalytic activities and putative redundancy between isoforms in the same compartment. We show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, GRXC1 and GRXC2 are cytosolic proteins with GRXC1 being attached to membranes through myristoylation. GRXC3 and GRXC4 are identified as type II membrane proteins along the early secretory pathway with their enzymatic function on the luminal side. Unexpectedly, neither single nor double mutants lacking both GRXs isoforms in the cytosol or the ER show phenotypes that differ from wild‐type controls. Analysis of electrostatic surface potentials and clustering of GRXs based on their electrostatic interaction with roGFP2 mirrors the phylogenetic classification of class I GRXs, which clearly separates the cytosolic GRXC1 and GRXC2 from the luminal GRXC3 and GRXC4. Comparison of all four studied GRXs for their oxidoreductase function highlights biochemical diversification with GRXC3 and GRXC4 being better catalysts than GRXC1 and GRXC2 for the reduction of bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) disulfide. With oxidized roGFP2 as an alternative substrate, GRXC1 and GRXC2 catalyze the reduction faster than GRXC3 and GRXC4, which suggests that catalytic efficiency of GRXs in reductive reactions depends on the respective substrate. Vice versa, GRXC3 and GRXC4 are faster than GRXC1 and GRXC2 in catalyzing the oxidation of pre‐reduced roGFP2 in the reverse reaction.
The O-glycan is essential for the induction of protective antibodies against lethal infection by flagella A-bearing
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Choi Myeongjin , Shridhar Surekha , Fox Heather , Luo Kun , Amin Mohammed N. , Tennant Sharon M. , Simon Raphael , Cross Alan S. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

To address the problem of increased antimicrobial resistance, we developed a glycoconjugate vaccine comprised of O-polysaccharides (OPS) of the four most prevalent serotypes of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(KP) linked to recombinant flagellin types A and B (rFlaA and rFlaB) of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(PA). Flagellin is the major subunit of the flagellar filament. Flagella A and B, essential virulence factors for PA, are glycosylated with different glycans. We previously reported that while both rFlaA and rFlaB were highly immunogenic, only the rFlaB antisera reduced PA motility and protected mice from lethal PA infection in a mouse model of thermal injury. Since recombinant flagellin is not glycosylated, we examined the possibility that the glycan on native FlaA (nFlaA) might be critical to functional immune responses. We compared the ability of nFlaA to that of native, deglycosylated FlaA (dnFlaA) to induce functionally active antisera. O glycan was removed from nFlaA with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Despite the similar high-titered anti-FlaA antibody levels elicited by nFlaA, rFlaA, and dnFlaA, only the nFlaA antisera inhibited PA motility and protected mice following lethal intraperitoneal bacterial challenge. Both the protective efficacy and carrier protein function of nFlaA were retained when conjugated to KP O1 OPS. We conclude that unlike the case with FlaB O glycan, the FlaA glycan is an important epitope for the induction of functionally active anti-FlaA antibodies.
Archaeal actins and the origin of a multi-functional cytoskeleton
Authors: Charles-Orszag Arthur , Petek-Seoane Natalie A. , Mullins R. Dyche 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Actin and actin-like proteins form filamentous polymers that carry out important cellular functions in all domains of life. In this review, we sketch a map of the function and regulation of actin-like proteins across bacteria, archaea, and eukarya, marking some of the
terra incognita
that remain in this landscape. We focus particular attention on archaea because mapping the structure and function of cytoskeletal systems across this domain promises to help us understand the evolutionary relationship between the (mostly) mono-functional actin-like filaments found in bacteria and the multi-functional actin cytoskeletons that characterize eukaryotic cells.
HBV integrations reshaping genomic structures promote hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qian Zhaoyang , Liang Junbo , Huang Rong , Song Wei , Ying Jianming , Bi Xinyu , Zhao Jianjun , Shi Zhenyu , Liu Wenjie , Liu Jianmei , Li Zhiyu , Zhou Jianguo , Huang Zhen , Zhang Yefan , Zhao Dongbing , Wu Jianxiong , Wang Liming , Chen Xiao , Mao Rui , Zhou Yanchi , Guo Lei , Hu Hanjie , Ge Dazhuang , Li Xingchen , Luo Zhiwen , Yao Jinjie , Li Tengyan , Chen Qichen , Wang Bingzhi , Wei Zhewen , Chen Kun , Qu Chunfeng , Cai Jianqiang , Jiao Yuchen , Bao Li , Zhao Hong 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mostly characterised by HBV integrations, is prevalent worldwide. Previous HBV studies mainly focused on a few hotspot integrations. However, the oncogenic role of the other HBV integrations remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate HBV integration-induced tumourigenesis further.

Design
Here, we illuminated the genomic structures encompassing HBV integrations in 124 HCCs across ages using whole genome sequencing and Nanopore long reads. We classified a repertoire of integration patterns featured by complex genomic rearrangement. We also conducted a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based gain-of-function genetic screen in mouse hepatocytes. We individually activated each candidate gene in the mouse model to uncover HBV integration-mediated oncogenic aberration that elicits tumourigenesis in mice.

Results

These HBV-mediated rearrangements are significantly enriched in a bridge-fusion-bridge pattern and interchromosomal translocations, and frequently led to a wide range of aberrations including driver copy number variations in chr 4q, 5p (
TERT
), 6q, 8p, 16q, 9p (
CDKN2A/B
), 17p (
TP53
) and 13q (
RB1
), and particularly, ultra-early amplifications in chr8q. Integrated HBV frequently contains complex structures correlated with the translocation distance. Paired breakpoints within each integration event usually exhibit different microhomology, likely mediated by different DNA repair mechanisms. HBV-mediated rearrangements significantly correlated with young age, higher HBV DNA level and
TP53
mutations but were less prevalent in the patients subjected to prior antiviral therapies. Finally, we recapitulated the
TONSL
and
TMEM65
amplification in chr8q led by HBV integration using CRISPR/Cas9 editing and demonstrated their tumourigenic potentials.

Conclusion
HBV integrations extensively reshape genomic structures and promote hepatocarcinogenesis (graphical abstract), which may occur early in a patient’s life.
Readability of cerebrovascular diseases online educational material from major cerebrovascular organizations
Authors: Gajjar Avi A , Patel Shray , Patel Shrey V , Goyal Aditya , Sioutas Georgios S , Gamel Katherine L , Salem Mohamed M , Srinivasan Visish M , Jankowitz Brian T , Burkhardt Jan Karl 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
The internet is an essential resource for patients and their loved ones to understand their medical conditions, and professional medical organizations have taken great strides to develop educational material targeting patients. The average American reads at a seventh to eighth grade reading level, hence it is important to understand the readability of this medical information to ensure patients comprehend what is being presented.

Methods
In January 2023, online patient education material was downloaded from major cerebrovascular healthcare organizations and assessed using eight assessments, including Bormuth Cloze Mean, Bormuth Grade Placement, Coleman–Liau (grade levels), Coleman–Liau (predictive cloze scores), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), and Fry.

Results
A total of 32 files were extracted from six organizations and analyzed across 15 readability measures. None of the organizations met the federal government guidelines for grade-level readability. This held constant across all measured tests. Two organizations had above a postgraduate level. The FRE graphs do not identify any organizations with material below a ninth grade reading level, while the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) have a postgraduate readability level. The Fry graphs show similar results, with AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS), SIR, and AANS having college-level readability. The lowest readability across all measures is only at an early seventh grade reading level.

Conclusions
Current health literacy content for cerebrovascular patients is far above the recommended readability level. We provide straightforward suggestions for how major professional organizations should improve their informational material on cerebrovascular diseases to improve patient understanding.
Subcostal TAP block: one or two sequential injections? A cadaveric study
Authors: Schaefer Augustin , Grousson Sébastien , Bessede Thomas , Benhamou Dan , Ruscio Laura 
Published: February 2024

Background and objectivesThe subcostal transversus abdominis plane block (scTAPB) provides analgesia to the anterior abdominal wall but analgesic spread following a single injection remains modest and variable. The oblique scTAPB, which is performed with a continuous injection during needle progression into the TAP along the oblique subcostal line, may extend the block to the whole anterior abdominal wall but needle progression by hydrodissection may be difficult, explaining why this block is not widely used. This study investigated if two sequential scTAPB injections (2scTAPI) may reach more nerves than a single scTAPB (1scTAPI).MethodsAfter institutional approval and under ultrasound guidance, a single injection of 20 mL of blue dye was performed in 16 cadaveric subjects into the TAP along the costal margin and lateral to the semilunaris line (1scTAPI). On the opposite side, a 20 mL of green solution was split into two injections (2scTAPI), using one injection medial and one lateral to the semilunaris line. Dye spread was assessed via gross anatomical dissection using an indirect method to quantify the involvement of the anterior cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves with each technique. A nerve was considered stained if the dye was observed in the TAP, reaching the costal margin aligned with the bony extremity of its corresponding rib.ResultsAccording to the spread to the costal margin, the estimated median number of consecutive nerves reached by dye after 2scTAPI was 5 (IQR 5–6) vs 3 (IQR 3–4) for 1scTAPI (p=0.00001). Spread after 2scTAPI suggested coverage of nerves originating from T8 to T12 in 85% of the subjects, and from T7 to T12 in 5 out of 17 cases. Spread following the 1scTAPI suggested coverage of nerves from T9 to T11 in most cases.ConclusionsIn a cadaveric model, a larger spread at the costal margin was obtained after 2scTAPI, suggesting a greater coverage of anterior branches of abdominal wall nerves compared with 1scTAPI. Clinical studies are needed to confirm these results.
Machine learning nuclear orbital-free density functional based on Thomas–Fermi approach
Authors: Chen Y. Y. , Wu X. H. 
Published: February 2024

Orbital-free density functional theory (DFT) is much more efficient than the orbital-dependent Kohn–Sham DFT due to the avoidance of the auxiliary one-body orbitals. The machine learning approach has been applied to build nuclear orbital-free DFT recently [Wu et al., Phys. Rev. C 105 (2022) L031303] and achieved more precise descriptions for nuclei than existing orbital-free DFTs. Here, improved machine learning nuclear orbital-free density functional is built by including the Thomas–Fermi approach as a basement. Performances of the functional are compared in detail with the ones based on the pure machine learning approach. It is found that with the Thomas–Fermi functional included, the machine-learning-based functional can achieve better performance in directly predicting the kinetic energies and in providing the ground-state properties by the self-consistent procedures.