bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Repeated Green Tea Catechin Administration on Human Cytochrome P450 Activity
Authors: Chow H-H. Sherry , Hakim Iman A. , Vining Donna R. , Crowell James A. , Cordova Catherine A. , Chew Wade M. , Xu Min-Jian , Hsu Chiu-Hsieh , Ranger-Moore James , Alberts David S. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Preclinical studies suggested that green tea or green tea catechins can modulate the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes. We conducted this clinical study to determine the effect of repeated green tea catechin administration on human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activities.
Methods: Forty-two healthy volunteers underwent a 4-week washout period by refraining from tea or tea-related products. At the end of the washout period, study participants received a cocktail of CYP metabolic probe drugs, including caffeine, dextromethorphan, losartan, and buspirone for assessing the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4, respectively. Blood and urine samples before and 8 h after probe drug administration were collected to determine parent drug and metabolite concentrations for measurements of baseline CYP enzyme activities. Following the baseline evaluation, study participants underwent 4 weeks of green tea catechin intervention at a dose that contains 800 mg epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) daily. The green tea catechin product was taken on an empty stomach to optimize the p.o. bioavailability of EGCG. The EGCG dose given in this study exceeded the amounts provided by average green tea consumption. Upon completion of the green tea catechin intervention, the postintervention CYP enzyme activities were evaluated as described above.
Results: There are large between-subject variations in CYP enzyme activities in healthy individuals. Four weeks of green tea catechin intervention did not alter the phenotypic indices of CYP1A2, CYP12D6, and CYP12C9, but resulted in a 20% increase (P = 0.01) in the area under the plasma buspirone concentration-time profile, suggesting a small reduction in CYP3A4 activity.
Conclusions: We conclude that repeated green tea catechin administration is not likely to result in clinically significant effects on the disposition of drugs metabolized by CYP enzymes. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2473–6)
Metabolic Abnormalities and Risk for Colorectal Cancer in the Physicians' Health Study
Authors: Stürmer Til , Buring Julie E. , Lee I-Min , Gaziano J. Michael , Glynn Robert J. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Background: Obesity and diabetes are established risk factors for colorectal cancer but have mainly been assessed independently. There are few data about whether the metabolic syndrome, which refers to a clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors thought to be related to insulin resistance, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, is associated with colorectal cancer risk.
Methods: During and after the randomized trial of aspirin and β-carotene, 22,071 healthy male physicians, initially ages 40 to 84 years, reported overweight (body mass index, ≥27 kg/m2), diabetes, elevated blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication), hypercholesterolemia (≥240 mg/dL or use of lipid-lowering medication), and occurrence of cancer on annual questionnaires. Adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for time-varying metabolic abnormalities and colorectal cancer were estimated using a multivariable proportional hazards model.
Results: During 369,966 person-years of follow-up (median, 19 years), 494 physicians developed colorectal cancer. With aging of the cohort, the prevalence of having two or more abnormalities increased from 13% to 35%. Overweight (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7) and diabetes (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.0) were associated with increased risk for colorectal cancer, whereas elevated blood pressure (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.3) and hypercholesterolemia (RR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.7-1.1) were not. This model assessing metabolic abnormalities independently was more predictive for colorectal cancer than a model based on the number of abnormalities (each additional abnormality RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.29).
Conclusions: Out of the markers of the metabolic syndrome assessed, overweight and diabetes are risk factors for colorectal cancer, whereas, in contrast to their role in cardiovascular disease, elevated blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia are not. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2391–7)
Single-Dose and Multiple-Dose Administration of Indole-3-Carbinol to Women: Pharmacokinetics Based on 3,3′-Diindolylmethane
Authors: Reed Gregory A. , Arneson Dora W. , Putnam William C. , Smith Holly J. , Gray John C. , Sullivan Debra K. , Mayo Matthew S. , Crowell James A. , Hurwitz Aryeh 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
We have completed a phase I trial in women of the proposed chemopreventive natural product indole-3-carbinol (I3C). Women received oral doses of 400, 600, 800, 1,000, and 1,200 mg I3C. Serial plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for I3C and several of its condensation products. I3C itself was not detectable in plasma. The only detectable I3C-derived product was 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM). Mean Cmax for DIM increased from 61 ng/mL at the 400-mg I3C dose to 607 ng/mL following a 1,000-mg dose. No further increase was observed following a 1,200-mg dose. A similar result was obtained for the area under the curve, which increased from 329 h ng/mL at the 400-mg dose to 3,376 h ng/mL after a 1,000-mg dose of I3C. Significant interindividual quantitative variation was seen in plasma DIM values within each dosing group, but the overall profiles were qualitatively similar, with no quantifiable DIM before dosing, tmax at ∼2 h, and DIM levels near or below 15 ng/mL (the limit of quantitation), by 24 h. Different results were obtained for 14 subjects who received a 400-mg dose of I3C after 8 weeks of twice-daily I3C dosing. Although the predose sampling occurred at least 12 h after the last known ingestion of I3C, 6 of 14 subjects exhibited Cmax for DIM in their predose plasma. Despite this high initial value, plasma DIM for all subjects decreased to near or below the limit of quantitation within the 12-h sampling period. Possible reasons for this disparity between apparent t1/2 of DIM and the high predose values are discussed. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2477–81)
Aspirin and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Larsson Susanna C. , Giovannucci Edward , Bergkvist Leif , Wolk Alicja 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground: The association between use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), including aspirin, and risk of pancreatic cancer is controversial. We did a meta-analysis to summarize available evidence from epidemiologic studies investigating the relation between use of aspirin or other NSAIDs and the risk of pancreatic cancer.Methods: We identified potential studies by searching the MEDLINE database (from 1966 to October 2006) and by reviewing the reference lists of pertinent publications. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: (a) had a case-control or prospective design, (b) examined exposure to aspirin or NSAIDs, (c) the outcome was pancreatic cancer incidence or mortality, and (d) they provided a relative risk (RR) estimate with corresponding confidence interval or sufficient information to permit their calculation. Study-specific RR estimates were pooled using a random effects model.Results: A total of 11 studies (3 case-control studies, 7 cohort studies, and 1 randomized trial), involving 6,386 pancreatic cancer cases, was included in the meta-analysis. The summary RR estimate did not indicate any association between aspirin/NSAID use and risk of pancreatic cancer [any/regular use versus nonregular/never use: RR, 1.01; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.91-1.11; Pheterogeneity = 0.09]. Neither use of aspirin, nonaspirin NSAIDs, nor overall NSAIDs were associated with pancreatic cancer risk. There was also no overall association with frequent (six or more tablets/times per week versus none: RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.61-1.23) or long-term (≥20 years) use of aspirin (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.74-1.96).Conclusions: Current epidemiologic evidence does not indicate that use of aspirin or NSAIDs is associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2561–4)
Digital Image Analysis of Cigarette Filter Stains as an Indicator of Compensatory Smoking
Authors: Strasser Andrew A. , O'Connor Richard J. , Mooney Marc E. , Wileyto E. Paul 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective: Cigarette filters trap a significant portion of carcinogen-containing smoke particulate and may provide an indication of cigarette constituent exposure. A technique for quantifying filter tar staining with digital imaging has shown predictive value between typical total puff volume and filter tar stain intensity. The current study uses smoking topography data acquired during an examination of compensatory smoking of Quest cigarettes and digital analyses of the tar stains of the spent Quest cigarette filters. Due to reduced nicotine levels, we hypothesized compensatory smoking to occur. The purposes of the current study were to describe the physical characteristics of the Quest cigarettes, to further validate the effect of puff volume on filter tar staining, and to examine the effect of compensatory smoking on changes in filter tar staining, hypothesizing that compensatory smoking would result in more intense tar staining.Methods: Physical characteristics of the Quest cigarettes were measured to characterize the product. Spent cigarette filters were digitally analyzed for color intensity features, matched to smoking topography measures, and examined in regression models. Difference scores for digital imaging and smoking topography were used in a regression model to identify the effect of compensatory smoking on tar stain.Results: Total puff volume was a significant predictor of a*center (redness) [β = 0.003 (SE, 0.0004), R2 = 0.42, t = 7.87, P &lt; 0.001] and L*center (lightness) [β = −0.015 (SE, 0.002), R2 = 0.45, t = −8.18, P &lt; 0.001] for Quest cigarettes and a significant predictor of a*center [β = 0.003 (SE, 0.0005), R2 = 0.37, t = 5.27, P &lt; 0.001] and L*center [β = −0.009 (SE, 0.002), R2 = 0.35, t = −5.05, P &lt; 0.001] for own preferred brand. Regression models indicate total puff volume difference was a significant predictor of L*center difference [β = −0.01 (SE, 0.003), R2 = 0.171, t = −3.15, P = 0.003] and approached significance for a*center difference [β = 0.002 (SE, 0.001), R2 = 0.057, t = 1.99, P = 0.053].Conclusion: Results suggest that compensatory smoking may be detectable by darkening and reddening of the tar stain. This type of measure could be useful in quantifying the extent to which human smokers smoke differently than standard testing protocols and in assessing the prevalence of compensatory smoking in population samples. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2565–9)
Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Pregnancy and Maternal Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Lukanova Annekatrin , Toniolo Paolo , Zeleniuch-Jacquotte Anne , Grankvist Kjell , Wulff Marianne , Arslan Alan A. , Afanasyeva Yelena , Johansson Robert , Lenner Per , Hallmans Göran , Wadell Göran , Lundin Eva 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Background: The role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I in breast cancer remains controversial, despite numerous reports on the association of the hormone with breast cancer or high-risk mammographic densities. We hypothesized that exposure to elevated IGF-I during early pregnancy, a period characterized by intense cell proliferation in the breasts and in the presence of high concentrations of sex steroids, will be associated with increased maternal risk to develop a breast malignancy.
Methods: The Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort is an ongoing prospective study, collecting blood samples from first-trimester-pregnant women since 1975 as part of screening for infectious diseases. A case-control study (212 cases and 369 controls) was nested among Northern Sweden Maternity Cohort members who delivered singleton babies. RIA was used to measure IGF-I and IGF-II levels. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Results: Breast cancer risk increased with increasing IGF-I (top tertile OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7). The association was stronger among the primiparous (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4) than in the nonprimiparous women (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.7-2.8). Upper-tertile risks seemed to decrease within the &lt;28-, 28 to 33, and &gt;33-year groups of age at sampling, from 2.5 (0.9-7.6) to 2.1 (0.9-5.0) and 1.2 (0.5-2.5), respectively. There was no association of breast cancer with first-trimester-pregnancy IGF-II.
Conclusions: The study offers further evidence that IGF-I is important in breast cancer. Our findings suggest that the adverse effect of IGF-I on the breast may be stronger before the remodeling of the gland induced by a first pregnancy. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2489–93)
A Multicenter Study of Cancer Incidence in CHEK2 1100delC Mutation Carriers
Authors: Thompson Deborah , Seal Sheila , Schutte Mieke , McGuffog Lesley , Barfoot Rita , Renwick Anthony , Eeles Rosalind , Sodha Nayanta , Houlston Richard , Shanley Susan , Klijn Jan , Wasielewski Marijke , Chang-Claude Jenny , Futreal P. Andrew , Weber Barbara L. , Nathanson Katherine L. , Stratton Michael , Meijers-Heijboer Hanne , Rahman Nazneen , Easton Douglas F. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The CHEK2 1100delC protein-truncating mutation has a carrier frequency of ∼0.7% in Northern and Western European populations and confers an ∼2-fold increased risk of breast cancer. It has also been suggested to increase risks of colorectal and prostate cancer, but its involvement with these or other types of cancer has not been confirmed. The incidence of cancer other than breast cancer in 11,116 individuals from 734 non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer families from the United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, and the United States was compared with that predicted by population rates. Relative risks (RR) to carriers and noncarriers were estimated by maximum likelihood, via the expectation-maximization algorithm to allow for unknown genotypes. Sixty-seven families contained at least one tested CHEK2 1100delC mutation carrier. There was evidence of underreporting of cancers in male relatives (422 cancers observed, 860 expected) but not in females (322 observed, 335 expected); hence, we focused on cancer risks in female carriers. The risk of cancers other than breast cancer in female carriers was not significantly elevated, although a modest increase in risk could not be excluded (RR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-2.17). The carrier risk was not significantly raised for any individual cancer site, including colorectal cancer (RR, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-4.71). However, between ages 20 to 50 years, the risks of colorectal and lung cancer were both higher in female carriers than noncarriers (P = 0.041 and 0.0001, respectively). There was no evidence of a higher prostate cancer risk in carriers than noncarriers (P = 0.26), although underreporting of male cancers limited our power to detect such a difference. Our results suggest that the risk of cancer associated with CHEK2 1100delC mutations is restricted to breast cancer, although we cannot rule out a small increase in overall cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2542–5)
Witchcraft and Rebellion in Late Seventeenth-Century Devon
Authors: Timmons Stephen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe case of three women from Bideford, Devon, tried and executed for witchcraft in 1682, provides a unique glimpse into the interaction between popular culture, print media, and political parties of the Exclusion Crisis era. The judicial records of the case are fairly limited, contained only in missives from the Calendar State Papers Domestic, and the memoirs of the trial judge. Publishers in London, however, provided a much greater range of source material to the reading public, including a heavily edited transcript of depositions that created the accepted version of the proceedings, and entirely fictitious accounts that bore little relation to the actual events. The needs of both the print media and the political parties distorted the actual incidents of the case, but provided the only memory of it for popular culture.
A New Visibility Parameterization for Warm-Fog Applications in Numerical Weather Prediction Models
Authors: Gultepe I. , Müller M. D. , Boybeyi Z. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The objective of this work is to suggest a new warm-fog visibility parameterization scheme for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In situ observations collected during the Radiation and Aerosol Cloud Experiment, representing boundary layer low-level clouds, were used to develop a parameterization scheme between visibility and a combined parameter as a function of both droplet number concentration Nd and liquid water content (LWC). The current NWP models usually use relationships between extinction coefficient and LWC. A newly developed parameterization scheme for visibility, Vis = f (LWC, Nd), is applied to the NOAA Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model. In this model, the microphysics of fog was adapted from the 1D Parameterized Fog (PAFOG) model and then was used in the lower 1.5 km of the atmosphere. Simulations for testing the new parameterization scheme are performed in a 50-km innermost-nested simulation domain using a horizontal grid spacing of 1 km centered on Zurich Unique Airport in Switzerland. The simulations over a 10-h time period showed that visibility differences between old and new parameterization schemes can be more than 50%. It is concluded that accurate visibility estimates require skillful LWC as well as Nd estimates from forecasts. Therefore, the current models can significantly over-/underestimate Vis (with more than 50% uncertainty) depending on environmental conditions. Inclusion of Nd as a prognostic (or parameterized) variable in parameterizations would significantly improve the operational forecast models.
Determination of 3D Cloud Ice Water Contents by Combining Multiple Data Sources from Satellite, Ground Radar, and a Numerical Model
Authors: Seo Eun-Kyoung , Liu Guosheng 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
This study aims at determining the three-dimensional distribution of ice water content over a broad area near the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains site, where cloud radar and meteorological observations have been routinely conducted. Together with wind fields from other measurements, the ice water content retrievals can be used to derive the cloud ice water advective tendency terms needed for single-column model simulations. In this study, a Bayesian retrieval algorithm has been developed that combines multiple data sources from satellite high-frequency microwave radiometry, ground cloud radar observations, and mesoscale numerical model analysis. The cloud radar observations allow the characteristics of vertical ice water content structures to be inferred. The numerical model data are used to locate the cloud height. The satellite data provide information on the integrated ice water path, its horizontal distribution over a broad area, and, to a lesser extent, the vertical structure of ice water content. The approach herein is to retrieve the three-dimensional cloud ice water content in a 10° × 10° area surrounding the cloud radar site by combining all the information contained in the above datasets through a Bayesian framework. Validation of the algorithm has been done by comparing the retrievals with measurements from two ground radars. The comparison shows that the mean ice water content profiles and the two-dimensional (height–ice water content) probability density functions retrieved for 19 coincident cases agree fairly well with the validation data. However, the retrieved ice water contents generally lack detailed vertical structures because of the low sensitivity of satellite data to the vertical variation of cloud ice.
Resveratrol inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and overcomes chemoresistance through down-regulation of STAT3 and nuclear factor-κB–regulated antiapoptotic and cell survival gene products in human multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Bhardwaj Anjana , Sethi Gautam , Vadhan-Raj, Saroj , Bueso-Ramos Carlos , Takada Yasunari , Gaur Upasna , Nair Asha S. , Shishodia Shishir , Aggarwal Bharat B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWhether resveratrol, a component of red grapes, berries, and peanuts, could suppress the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells by interfering with NF-κB and STAT3 pathways, was investigated. Resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of human multiple myeloma cell lines regardless of whether they were sensitive or resistant to the conventional chemotherapy agents. This stilbene also potentiated the apoptotic effects of bortezomib and thalidomide. Resveratrol induced apoptosis as indicated by accumulation of sub-G1 population, increase in Bax release, and activation of caspase-3. This correlated with down-regulation of various proliferative and antiapoptotic gene products, including cyclin D1, cIAP-2, XIAP, survivin, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bfl-1/A1, and TRAF2. In addition, resveratrol down-regulated the constitutive activation of AKT. These effects of resveratrol are mediated through suppression of constitutively active NF-κB through inhibition of IκBα kinase and the phosphorylation of IκBα and of p65. Resveratrol inhibited both the constitutive and the interleukin 6–induced activation of STAT3. When we examined CD138+ plasma cells from patients with MM, resveratrol inhibited constitutive activation of both NF-κB and STAT3, leading to down-regulation of cell proliferation and potentiation of apoptosis induced by bortezomib and thalidomide. These mechanistic findings suggest that resveratrol may have a potential in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
Synaptotagmin (Syt) IX is an essential determinant for protein sorting to secretory granules in mast cells
Authors: Haberman Yael , Ziv Idit , Gorzalczany Yaara , Hirschberg Koret , Mittleman Leonide , Fukuda Mitsunori , Sagi-Eisenberg Ronit 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe secretory granules (SGs) of secretory cells of the hematopoietic lineage, such as the mast cells, are lysosome-related organelles whose membrane proteins travel through the plasma membrane and the endocytic system. Therefore, a mechanism must exist to prevent proteins destined to recycling or to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) from reaching the SGs. We now show that synaptotagmin (Syt) IX, a Syt homologue that is required for recycling from the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cultured mast cells, is involved in segregating recycling proteins from the SGs. By using as a marker the recycling protein TGN38, which cycles between the TGN, plasma membrane, and the ERC, we show that knock-down of Syt IX results in mistargeting of HA-tagged TGN38 to the SGs. We further demonstrate that Syt IX binds directly the small GTPase ARF1 and associates with the clathrin adaptor complex AP-1. These results therefore implicate Syt IX as an essential factor for the correct sorting of SGs proteins. Moreover, they place Syt IX as part of the machinery that is involved in the formation of transport carriers that mediate SGs protein sorting.