bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial microaggressions in U.S. and Canadian contexts: Identity, perceptions of severity and the use of mindset signalling to repair harm
Authors: Jenkins Michael , Obhi Sukhvinder S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicroaggressions are behaviours constituting indirect or unintentional discrimination, but little is known about how group identity affects perceptions of their harm. Canada and the United States have similar socio‐cultural backgrounds, but different socio‐political climates, with greater political polarisation and arguably stronger ties between politics and race in the United States (Pew research, 2020). Thus, the interplay between ethnic/racial identity (ERI), political identity, and perceived harm of microaggressions may differ across these countries. In a recent study of Canadians, perceived microaggression harm was associated with leftward political orientation rather than ERI. Here, we extend this work to a U.S. sample. In two experiments (N = 99; N = 210), White participants and Participants of Colour rated the severity of microaggressions and reported their political orientation and the strength of their ERI. Microaggression severity ratings were associated with left‐leaning political orientation, regardless of ERI. In Experiment 2, vignettes in which the perpetrator of a microaggression sought reparation by signalling a “reparatory open‐mindedness” reduced severity ratings compared to instances in which the source doubled down on the microaggression. Interestingly, the size of this reduction in perceived severity was smaller than for Canadian participants. Thus, perceived microaggression harm is governed by similar forces in Canada and the United States, but signalling mindset, while still effective, leads to smaller reductions in perceived harm in the United States. This could indicate differences in intergroup trust and polarization between these nations. This work underscores the role of political orientation in perceptions of microaggressions and highlights the efficacy of mindset signalling in mitigating their harm.
The relationship of depressive symptoms with pain and analgesic use in Turkish adolescents
Authors: Celik Gulbahar , Haney Meryem Öztürk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProblemThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, pain (headache, abdominal pain, back pain) and analgesic use among Turkish adolescents. Additionally, it aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and pain and analgesic use in adolescents.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, correlational study was conducted in Izmir, Turkey with 954 adolescents aged 11–19 years. Data were collected with the “socio‐demographic questionnaires” and the “Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children”. Analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis.FindingsOf the adolescents, 632 (66.2%) showed depressive symptoms. Of the adolescents, 424 (44.4%) experienced headache, 256 (26.8%) experienced abdominal pain, and 343 (36.0%) experienced back pain. A total of 309 (32.4%) adolescents used analgesics for headaches, 132 (13.8%) abdominal pain, and 47 (4.9%) for back pain. Female gender, high level maternal education, bad economic status, poor health perception, bad school success, pain and analgesic use were the correlated variables with adolescent depression.ConclusionsThe depressive symptoms, headache and back pain, and use of analgesics especially for headaches were common among adolescents. The results showed depression in adolescent correlated with pain (headache, abdominal pain, and back pain) and analgesic use. Regular screening is needed to assure early intervention of depression among adolescents.
Exploring hidden diversity: Molecular insights into the Leporinus species of the rivers of the Brazilian states of Maranhão and Piauí
Authors: Nascimento Maria Histelle Sousa , Birindelli José Luis Olivan , Fraga Elmary , Barros Maria Claudene 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present study delved into the world of hidden diversity by examining specimens identified as Leporinus piau from the river basins of the northern Brazilian states of Maranhão and Piauí. Using genetic analyses that combined data from three mitochondrial markers and one nuclear marker, the study identified two well‐supported groups, reinforcing the findings of previous publications. The first group, found in samples from the Itapecuru, Mearim, Turiaçu, and Pericumã basins, in Maranhão, appears to represent a relatively ancient diversification and the possibility of concealed cryptic diversity. The second group, comprising specimens from the Parnaíba (Piauí) and Mearim (Maranhão) basins, appears to have resulted from a more recent process of diversification and has a close relationship with Leporinus friderici from the type locality. Our findings not only confirm the existence of a complex scenario of cryptic diversity in the genus Leporinus from the study basins but also underscore the taxonomic inconsistencies within this group of fish. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the species diversity of the Maranhão and Piauí basins, which are critical regions for the conservation of Amazonian fish, providing valuable insights for the sustainable management and conservation of these fish.
Embedded but overlooked values: Ethical aspects of absolute environmental sustainability assessments
Authors: Heide Mia , Gjerris Mickey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCurrently used sharing principles (grandfathering and final consumption expenditure) do not align with the purpose of Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessments (AESAs)—enabling all to meet basic needs within the planetary limits. This discrepancy, though niche within life cycle engineering, demands attention due to the integration of the sharing principles in the widely adopted Science Based Targets initiative, embraced by 4000+ companies, representing over a third of the global economy. This paper suggests operationalizing sufficientarianism as a fair sharing principle for AESAs guaranteeing a minimum threshold of well‐being for all. The theory of human needs is highlighted to distinguish luxuries from necessities. This is vital when assigning shares to products/companies, as there's no room for luxuries (products for someone which cause others to fall short), given the extremely limited individual safe operating space, regardless of the sharing approach. This paper argues that sufficientarian‐based sharing principles must overlook historically skewed material welfare distributions to ensure no one falls below the minimum threshold. It underscores the need for an interdisciplinary approach to sharing principles, acknowledging and discussing diverse value perspectives on equal grounds. The focus is to inform and discuss the development of new sharing principles, which introduces initial steps toward a sufficientarian‐based approach. The paper concludes that recognizing embedded values is paramount in sharing principle development. Failing to do so risks letting quantifiable metrics dictate the values integrated into AESAs without open discourse.
Countercyclical Income Risk and Portfolio Choices: Evidence from Sweden
Authors: CATHERINE SYLVAIN , SODINI PAOLO , ZHANG YAPEI 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTUsing Swedish administrative panel data, we document that workers facing higher left‐tail income risk when equity markets perform poorly have lower portfolio equity share. In line with theory, the relationship between cyclical skewness and stock holdings increases with the share of human capital in a worker's total wealth and vanishes as workers get closer to retirement. Cyclical skewness also predicts portfolio differences within pairs of identical twins. Our findings show that households hedge against correlated tail risks, an important mechanism in asset pricing and portfolio choice models.
Naturalized metaphysics in the image of Roy Wood Sellars and not Willard Van Orman Quine
Authors: Jaksland Rasmus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe naturalized metaphysics promoted by Ladyman and Ross, among others, is often described as (neo)‐Quinean metaphysics. This association with Quine's naturalism can, however, give a misleading impression of the aims and commitments of this kind of naturalized metaphysics. Contrary to Quine, these naturalized metaphysicians endorse metaphysical realism and offer wholesale arguments in favor of the epistemic standing of science‐based metaphysics. Accordingly, this naturalized metaphysics comes closer to Roy Wood Sellars's evolutionary naturalism, especially since the theory of evolution is central to the criticism that naturalized metaphysics levels at nonnaturalized metaphysics. The paper argues that Sellars's naturalism is furthermore helpful (1) for explicating the naturalism of naturalized metaphysics, (2) for theorizing a more general naturalist basis for naturalized metaphysics, and (3) for suggesting where naturalized metaphysics is perhaps not naturalist enough, especially when it comes to considering the implications of the theory of evolution for its positive program.
What Next for Theological Interpretation of Scripture?
Authors: Rowlands Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, the author explores what the future might hold for the sensibility known as Theological Interpretation of Scripture (TIS). In doing so, he identifies and discusses three interconnected areas TIS might from benefit reflecting more deeply upon. They are: (1) questions of Scripture's ontology; (2) notions of textuality and textual meaning; and, finally, (3) the concept of ‘mood’ as it relates to scriptural interpretation.
Comparative transcriptional analysis of Persea americana MYB, WRKY and AP2/ERF transcription factors following Phytophthora cinnamomi infection
Authors: Fick Alicia , Swart Velushka , Bombarely Aureliano , van den Berg Noëlani 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlant cells undergo extensive transcriptional reprogramming following pathogen infection, with these reprogramming patterns becoming more complex when pathogens, such as hemibiotrophs, exhibit different lifestyles. These transcriptional changes are often orchestrated by MYB, WRKY and AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs), which modulate both growth and defence‐related gene expression. Transcriptional analysis of defence‐related genes in avocado (Persea americana) infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi indicated differential immune response activation when comparing a partially resistant and susceptible rootstock. This study identified 226 MYB, 82 WRKY, and 174 AP2/ERF TF‐encoding genes in avocado, using a genome‐wide approach. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial sequence conservation within TF groups underscoring their functional significance. RNA‐sequencing analysis in a partially resistant and susceptible avocado rootstock infected with P. cinnamomi was indicative of an immune response switch occurring in either rootstock after 24 and 6 h post‐inoculation, respectively. Different clusters of co‐expressed TF genes were observed at these times, suggesting the activation of necrotroph‐related immune responses at varying intervals between the two rootstocks. This study aids our understanding of avocado immune response activation following P. cinnamomi infection, and the role of the TFs therein, elucidating the transcriptional reprogramming disparities between partially resistant and susceptible rootstocks.
Informal caregivers' experiences of support from a tailored primary healthcare unit for older adults – A focus group study
Authors: Westerling Ulrika , Hellgren Mikko , Hermansson Liselotte , Strid Emma Nilsing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundInformal caregivers are an essential part of health and social care systems worldwide. As such, they may need professional support.AimThe aim of this study was to describe informal caregivers’ experiences and need for support from a tailored primary health care (PHC) unit.MethodsThis is a qualitative descriptive study using data collected from five semi‐structured focus group discussions with a purposeful sample of 16 informal caregivers of older relatives. Respondents were recruited from a tailored PHC unit for people aged 75 years or older in a region in central Sweden. The data were analysed by qualitative content analysis with an abductive approach, based on the principles of the patient‐ and family‐centred care framework.ResultsThe overarching theme was ‘Striving for partnership’. The findings indicate that informal caregivers to some extent felt supported by the healthcare professionals. However, the caregivers expressed a need to be further acknowledged by the professionals in order to participate in the care of their older relatives in the way they wanted. Moreover, insufficient information regarding the older adult's health condition and care provided by the professionals had a negative impact on the caregiver's participation in care.ConclusionsInformal caregivers have unmet needs for support and strive for a partnership with the PHC professionals. PHC professionals should be more attentive and invite informal caregivers to participate in the care of the older adult in order to meet their support needs and build an equal partnership. The patient‐ and family‐centred care framework may be of guidance when providing care for older adults in a PHC context.
Longitudinal study examining academic expectation stress and distrust for Chinese adolescents: The roles of internalizing problems and hope
Authors: Feng Ningning , Yang Ying , Xie Zhaoyang , Qiu Tian , Cui Lijuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDistrust in social interaction is linked to health issues during adolescence, ranging from loneliness to aggression engagement. Previous research has attempted to elucidate the decline in trust from the perspective of perceived pressures, yet the understanding of how academic‐related pressures are related to distrust among adolescents is still limited. This 1‐year longitudinal study aims to examine the psychological mechanism underlying the relationship between academic expectation stress (i.e., the stress due to the external and internal expectations of academic performance) and the development of adolescent distrust. A total of 1992 Chinese adolescents in 7th and 8th grades completed measures of academic expectation stress, distrust, internalizing problems (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression), and hope in a two‐wave longitudinal study (Time 1: December 2020; Time 2: December 2021; 54.42% girls; Mage at Time 2 = 14.02, SD = .76). Results showed that higher academic expectation stress at Time 1 predicted distrust 1 year later through increased internalizing problems. The relationship between academic expectation stress and later distrust as well as the longitudinal mediating effects of internalizing problems were stronger for adolescents with lower hope, whereas the total effect, direct effect, and mediation effects were nonsignificant for those with higher hope. The present study suggests that stressful academic expectations may impact adolescents’ intention to trust others, and highlights the protective role of hope in the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents who encounter stress from academic expectations.
High molecular weight hyaluronic acid vectorised with clay provides long‐term hydration and reduces skin brightness
Authors: De Tollenaere Morgane , Meunier Marie , Lapierre Laura , Chapuis Emilie , Guilleret Arnaud , Harrison Ian , Jean Tiguemounine , Rannou Alexis , Scandolera Amandine , Reynaud Romain 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) is a widely used active cosmetic ingredient. Its multiple skin care benefits are modulated by its molecular weight. Low molecular weight (LMW) HA can penetrate the skin, but high molecular weight (HMW) HA remains at the surface. Here, we assessed how vectorization of HMW HA with bentonite clay—achieved with an innovative technology—enhances its cosmetic and hydrating properties.Materials and MethodsThe two HA forms were applied to skin explants; their penetration and smoothing effects were monitored by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The two forms were biochemically characterised by chromatography, enzyme sensitivity assays, and analysis of Zeta potential. Cosmetics benefits such as, the smoothing effect of vectorised‐HA was assessed in ex vivo experiments on skin explants. A placebo‐controlled clinical study was finally conducted applying treatments for 28 days to analyse the final benefits in crow's feet area.ResultsRaman spectroscopy analysis revealed native HMW HA to accumulate at the surface of skin explants, whereas vectorised HMW HA was detected in deeper skin layers. This innovative vectorisation process changed the zeta potential of vectorised HMW HA, being then more anionic and negative without impacting the biochemical structure of native HA. In terms of cosmetic benefits, following application of vectorised HMW HA ex vivo, the skin's surface was visibly smoother. This smoothing was clinically confirmed, with a significant reduction in fine lines.ConclusionThe development of innovative process vectorising HMW HA allowed HMW HA penetration in the skin. This enhanced penetration extends the clinical benefits of this iconic cosmetic ingredient.
Crustal anisotropy beneath southeast Tibet revealed by Pms arrival times
Authors: Huang Peixi , Gao Yuan , Wu Jing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe mechanisms of uplift and deformation of the Tibetan Plateau are highly concerned. Understanding the crustal deformation mechanisms beneath southeast Tibet is important as it is located at the major path of Tibet's growth or expansion. Recent studies are controversial on whether large‐scale crustal flow is dominant or not in this area. We applied Pms arrival time technique based on receiver function to events from 10 years of observation and obtained the crustal anisotropy parameters. The results show that both the large‐scale faults and local crustal flow play major roles in crustal deformation in interested areas, while the large‐scale crustal flow is not very well preferred. Furthermore, the crustal anisotropy in southeast of the study area is characterized by complex anisotropies, which may be potentially related to the converging of two mantle flows from various origins.
I still don't get it: Easy versus difficult grammar in intermediate German
Authors: Windham Scott , Lange Kristin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the relative ease or difficulty of grammar commonly taught in intermediate (second‐year) German at the university level. Previous studies have investigated the ease or difficulty of specific grammar structures, factors that make it difficult to learn L2 grammar, and teachers’ and learners’ perceptions of difficult grammar. The aim of the present study was to provide an overview of a year's worth of grammar instruction to guide decisions about grammar sequencing, instructional approaches, and instructional time. Grammar was grouped into units consisting of a pre‐test, an instructional sequence, and a post‐test. Test data were gathered from 498 grammar pre‐ and post‐tests over a 3‐year period. The authors hypothesized that certain grammar topics (e.g., vowel‐changing present‐tense verbs; the perfect) would be relatively easy, while others (e.g., noun and pronoun case; pluperfect) would be relatively difficult. These hypotheses were only partially confirmed. Results showed the pluperfect, comparative and superlative, and preterite were relatively easily learned, whereas fixed prepositions, pronouns, relative clauses, dative verbs, and the passive were much more difficult to learn. The results suggest that instructors focus on easy and essential grammar, introduce difficult grammar without formal assessment, and use test data to sequence topics within and across course levels.
Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in the Entry and Stabilized Flow Regions of a Circular Channel Rotating About a Parallel Axis
Authors: Ananth Narayan S. , Abraham Satyanand 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cooling of heavy-duty electrical machines such as generators and motors is crucial for the smooth operations without thermal runaway. A commonly employed technique for the cooling of rotors in these machines is to place channels at different radial locations for the continuous passage of coolant. These channels are therefore rotating about a parallel axis, and the rotation-induced forces alter the flow and thermal behavior of the coolant compared to stationary channels. The present study reports a detailed numerical investigation on a long circular channel rotating about a parallel axis. The objective is to analyze the flow, heat transfer, and rotation-induced forces (Coriolis and centrifugal forces) in the entry region as well as in the region where flow is stable (the term ‘stable’ is used rather than ‘developed’ due to the presence of secondary flows in this region). The rotating channel was subjected to constant wall heat flux and constant wall temperature conditions at different Rotation numbers of 0, 0.15, 0.4, and 0.6. The Coriolis force is observed to be strong enough in the entry region to influence the flow. In the “stable flow” region, the centrifugal force becomes more dominant and forms counter-rotating secondary vortex pair, which causes circumferential variation in the Nusselt number. The flow and heat transfer characteristics for constant wall heat flux and wall temperature boundaries are the same for rotation conditions with similar values of rotational Grashof number. A correlation is presented for the circumferential variation of the Nusselt number in the stable flow region.
Splenic cysts: clues in sonographic differential diagnosis and a new role for twinkling artifact
Authors: Kabaalioğlu Adnan , Uzer Evren , Keven Ayşe , Gündüz Nesrin , Doğan Hakan , Özmen Evrim 
Published: April 2024

Aim: Our aim was to investigate the frequency of various splenic cysts, to define the sonographic differential diagnostic clues and to introduce the value of twinkling artefact in the diagnosis of epidermoid splenic cysts.Material and methods: All the splenic cysts imaged by ultrasound in 3 university hospitals during the period of 2005 to 2022 were recorded, followed-up and analyzed.Results: One hundred seventy-one patients with splenic cysts were detected and these were classified and 73% of the cysts were simple. Ten cysts were epidermoid cysts as proven by post-operative final histology.Conclusion: Cystic splenic lesions are rare. Most of them are small simple cysts. Epidermoid cysts are larger in volume, constitute 6% of the total and can be differentiated by the help of twinkling artefact by Doppler ultrasound.