bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF CHLORPROMAZINE ON PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN THE DOG
Authors: Betz Donna , Ganong William F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The response of the adrenal cortex to psychic and surgical stress and to exogenous ACTH has been investigated in dogs following the acute and chronic administration of chlorpromazine. Administration of 2.5 mg/kg intravenously followed by 2.5 mg/kg over a ½-hour period to stressed dogs did not decrease adrenal 17-hydroxycorticoid output significantly, while surgical hypophysectomy caused a marked drop in the same time interval. In dogs given 30 mg/kg/day, the rise in peripheral plasma 17-hydroxycorticoids following 2 hours of immobilization was normal after 3 days of treatment, and the response to surgical stress and to 1 IU of ACTH was normal in dogs treated for 5 days. After hypophysectomy, 17-hydroxycorticoid output in chlorpromazine-treated dogs in response to 2, 5, and 10 mU doses of ACTH was slightly greater than normal, probably due to the mild adrenal hypertrophy produced by the drug. Chlorpromazine does not interfere with the determination of 17-hydroxycorticoids by the Silber-Porter method.
ZUM ANTITHYREOTROPEN UND ANTIGONADOTROPEN WIRKUNGSMECHANISMUS VON LITHOSPERMUM OFFICINALE
Authors: Dhom Georg , Wernze Heinz 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The thyrotrophic, and to a lesser extent the gonadotrophic pituitary secretory systems were inhibited after the intraperitoneal treatment of rats for seventeen days with 100 mg of Lithospermum officinale freeze-dried extract.
The performic acid-alcianblue PAS method revealed morphologic changes in the thyrotrophic elements characterized by the presence of both hypergranulated and so-called »collapse cells«, while the gonadotrophic cells in the periphery of the gland decreased in size as well as in number. The above changes were not absolutely definite at five days but were quite evident after eleven days of treatment. Marked involution of both systems was still evident fourteen days after cessation of treatment.
FACTORS DETERMINING THE SEX DIFFERENCES IN PITUITARY AND SERUM FSH-CONTENTS AFTER GONADECTOMY
Authors: Gans E. , de Jongh S. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The FSH-content in the serum and pituitary glands of male and female rats was estimated after gonadectomy in adult animals or on the first day of life, and in sham-operated animals.
Serum. The serum content of non-gonadectomized male and female rats is virtually the same. Gonadectomy, whether performed early or late, produces a similar increase in the serum FSH-content. In male rats it reaches a higher level than in females. The same response to early and late gonadectomy suggests that the sex difference which appears after gonadectomy may be due to genetic factors.
Hypophysis. The pituitary content of non-gonadectomized male rats is much higher than that of females. After early gonadectomy the pituitary FSH-content in males equals that of females at a level below that of normal males. A similar content is found in females after late gonadectomy, whereas in males the content is higher and equals that of normal males. This indicates that the sex difference in hypophyseal FSH-content of rats gonadectomized during adult life is hormonally conditioned. It may be due to fixation of the effect of endogenous androgen.
INVASIV GEWACHSENES BASOPHILES ADENOM DES HYPOPHYSENVORDERLAPPENS BEI CUSHING-SYNDROM
Authors: Kracht J. , Tamm J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case report is presented of a female patient with an invasive basophil adenoma of the anterior pituitary gland and with Cushing's syndrome. Following a review of the literature of Cushing's syndrome with expanding and invasive pituitary tumours with and without metastases we have divided these tumours into three groups:
Pituitary tumours, which arise with no surgical treatment of the adrenals. Tumours of category 1, the growth of which is accelerated following adrenalectomy. Tumours whose growth is accelerated following adrenalectomy, but which are recognized clinically only after surgical treatment of the adrenals.
Most of these tumours are now considered to be »hyperplasiogenic« growths, which continue to remain under the influence of hypothalamic factors. Primary autonomous, ACTH-secreting tumours are on the contrary seldom seen. Histological criteria are insufficient to differentiate between autonomous and regulated pituitary ACTH-producing tumours. It is assumed that this differentiation may be only possible by means of function-tests.
CONJUGATED OESTROGENS. III
Authors: Nakamura Robert M. , Kushinsky Stanley 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The enzymatic hydrolysis (β-glucuronidase) of conjugated oestrogens in human urine has been studied. The urine was collected from postmenopausal women who had received oestradiol-4-14C by intravenous injection. Hydrolysis was carried out for different periods of time and with various concentrations of enzyme and the relative distribution of several hydrolyzed oestrogens determined under these conditions. The oestrogens reported are: 2-methoxyoestrone, oestrone, oestradiol, ketols (16α-hydroxyoestrone plus 16-ketooestradiol), epioestriol and oestriol.
The first order rate constant for oestrone was particularly high in comparison with those of the other oestrogens.
Two plateaus were observed on the curves of the hydrolysis of several oestrogens (ketols, epioestriol and oestriol) when plotted as a function of time, possibly as a result of multiple conjugation of these oestrogens.
THE DETERMINATION OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE PRODUCTION RATES BY AN ISOTOPE DILUTION METHOD
Authors: Van Der Straeten M. , Vermeulen A. , Orie N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cortisol and corticosterone productions were measured by an isotope dilution technique described by Cope & Black in 1958. Provided that some minor modifications are introduced which increase the specificity, this method is very valuable for measuring corticoid hormone secretion rates. Cortisol production in normal men varied between 15.9 mg and 30.9 mg per 24 h with a mean of 21.4 mg; corticosterone production varied between 1.6 mg and 5.5 mg with a mean of 3.4 mg. The mean F/B production ratio was 6.7. In a few patients with adrenal hypo- and hyperfunction, production rates were determined by the same technique.
THE INHIBITION OF THE PROLIFERATION OF COWPOX VIRUS IN EMBRYONATED HENS' EGGS BY CORTISONE
Authors: Erichsen Stian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Measurement of the thickness of the virus-infected and proliferating ectoderm in cortisone - treated eggs and control eggs showed that the ectoderm was thicker in the latter group. The control eggs were also more haemorrhagic than the cortisone - treated eggs. These results indicate an inhibition of the production of cowpox virus in cortisone - treated eggs.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF DECIDUALIZATION. V.
Authors: Shelesnyak M. C. , Tic Liliane 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uteri of pseudopregnant rats show a peak of metabolic activity on the 4th and 5th day of leucocytic smear. After the administration of 20 mg of pyrathiazine Cl on the 4th day of pseudopregnancy (L4) in order to induce decidualization of the progestational endometrium, the metabolic activity of the uterus becomes intensified. The amount of synthesis, estimated by determinations of uterine weight, and amount of protein and nucleic acids, was considered as being related to an oestrogen surge occurring on the 3rd day.
The present work was undertaken to confirm the relation between the oestrogen surge and the metabolic activity found in the uterus thereafter by using an antioestrogenic substance: ethanoxytriphetol (MER-25). The experiments were performed in pseudopregnant as well as in decidualizing animals.
MER-25 was injected on the 3rd day of leucocytic vaginal smear of pseudopregnancy. Analyses of the uterine components 24, 48, 72, 96 h after the injection of the antioestrogen showed a definite inhibition of the synthetic processes in the uterus of the otherwise untreated pseudopregnant rat as well as in decidualizing uterus.
The results, confirm the role of oestrogen surge in the processes of decidualization and the close relationship between the oestrogen surge, increase of metabolism and decidualization.
ON THE EFFECT OF LONG-ACTING CORTICOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS
Authors: Hedner Pavo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of addition of carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatine, polyphloretin phosphate and zinc hydroxide to corticotrophin was studied by means of fluorimetric plasma corticosteroid determinations in man and rats. The plasma corticosteroid level was stabilized at a low level by the administration of dexamethasone. Two days after a 3 day period of dexamethasone, 2 mg × 4 orally, the volunteers had a normal diurnal rhythm of plasma corticosteroid level indicating that short term dexamethasone treatment may be given without any serious risks. For each type of experiment, the same corticotrophin was employed to avoid dose differences. Each subject was injected with each preparation at weekly intervals. Significant differences between individuals were observed. The effect of polyphloretin phosphate exceeded that of gelatine, both substances significantly exceeding that of carboxymethyl cellulose and zinc hydroxide 8 hours after the injection and subsequently. Similar results were obtained in animal experiments.
THE CONVERSION OF PROGESTERONE TO 16α-HYDROXY-PREGN-4-ENE-3,20-DIONE AND ANDROST-4-ENE-3,17-DIONE BY HUMAN PLACENTA IN VITRO
Authors: Little Brian , Shaw Ann , Purdy Robert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using the soluble supernatant fraction of a homogenate of normal human placenta and employing reduced triphosphopyridine as cofactor, the conversion of progesterone to 16α-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione was demonstrated. Tests were made of the radiochemical purity of the products. The possible role of 16α-hydroxylated steroids for the biosynthesis of oestriol in pregnancy is discussed.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE UTERUS ON THE CORPUS LUTEUM-PITUITARY RELATIONSHIP IN THE RAT
Authors: Silbiger Martin , Rothchild Irving 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The mechanism through which hysterectomy increases the duration of pseudopregnancy in the rat was studied. The operation resulted in a mean increase in dioestrous length of 8.8 days, and an incidence of such prolongations of about 78% when it was done before the late afternoon of the 9th dioestrous day; from this time until the 12th dioestrous day, the incidence of prolonged pseudopregnancies fell to 40%. Normal oestrous cycles were resumed following the pseudopregnant cycle, and cervical stimulation of such rats resulted in pseudopregnancies, of which 77% were prolonged. Sham operations involving only a mild degree of uterine trauma resulted in a 29% incidence of prolonged pseudopregnancies, while increase in the amount of uterine tissue removed (up to one entire horn) increased the incidence to 60%. The homotransplantation of a pituitary to pseudopregnant rats at the time of hysterectomy did not increase the incidence of prolonged pseudopregnancies in the first postoperative cycle, but did increase the degree of prolongation slightly. The cycles of hysterectomized rats bearing pituitary homotransplants – when compared with those of intact rats bearing such transplants – showed a 46% increase in the incidence of all pseudopregnant cycles; 10% of such cycles were prolonged in the intact rats, and 44% in the hysterectomized rats. Ovarian compensatory hypertrophy occurred at a slightly slower rate in cyclic hysterectomized rats than in rats with intact uteri; in pseudopregnant rats, hysterectomy delayed the onset of ovarian compensatory hypertrophy until after the 15th dioestrous day, while in rats with intact uteri, the increase in weight of the remaining ovary began on the 9th dioestrous day. The pituitary folliculotrophic potency (measured by mouse uterine weight increase) of pseudopregnant hysterectomized rats did not increase until the 15th day, while in pseudopregnant rats with intact uteri this increase was seen by the 7th day, and was of greater extent. These results were discussed in terms of whether hysterectomy increased LTH secretion, or decreased the secretion of a pituitary luteolytic factor, probably LH; it was suggested that the results could be more readily accounted for by the second possibility.
EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE ON PITUITARY CORTICOTROPHIN AND ADRENAL STEROID SECRETION IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS
Authors: Kitay Julian I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Administration of a depot testosterone preparation to male and female rats resulted in no change in body or pituitary weight in either sex. Pituitary corticotrophin content was unaltered in male animals but was reduced in females. Adrenal weights and adrenal RNA and DNA contents were decreased in both sexes. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were unaffected in males but were reduced in female rats after stress or corticotrophin injection. Hepatic reduction of ring A in vitro and biological half-life of corticosterone in vivo were unchanged in male animals but impaired in females. Testosterone administration to intact male rats significantly increased adrenal steroidogenesis measured in vitro. A significant decrease in steroid production was found in intact females but increased steroidogenesis was observed in adrenals from testosterone-treated oophorectomized animals. No effect was obtained following addition of testosterone directly in vitro.
The data suggest that testosterone leads both to diminution of corticotrophin secretion and enhancement of adrenal steroid secretory capacity. In intact female rats, these effects are complicated by suppression of oestrogen secretion, the effects of which have been reported previously.
THE BIOASSAY OF THYROACTIVE MATERIALS BY THE MOUSE ANOXIA TEST AND GOITRE – PREVENTION RESPONSE IN THE SAME EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: Wiberg G. Stuart , Carter John R. , Stephenson Norman R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The mouse anoxia test was modified by using thiouracilized mice as the test animals. This permitted the simultaneous assessment of the goitre prevention response in the same mice. A comparison of the two parameters of thyroid activity revealed that the antigoitrogenic assay was more sensitive than the mouse anoxia technique and exhibited improved precision for the bioassay of thyroactive materials.
IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROSTENEDIONE IN NORMAL AND STEIN-LEVENTHAL OVARIES
Authors: Kase Nathan , Kowal Jerome , Soffer Louis J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When compared with similar events in the normal ovary, results of incubation of progesterone-7-3H and 17α-OH-progesterone-4-14C with homogenates of typical polycystic ovaries demonstrate increased conversion of these precursors to the androgens testosterone and androst-4-ene3,17-dione. This study provides further in vitro confirmation of increased ovarian androgen production in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome.
VANILLINSÄURE ALS ENDPRODUKT DES STOFFWECHSELS VON ADRENALIN UND NORADRENALIN. II.
Authors: Dirscherl Wilhelm , Thomas Helmut 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Perfusion of rat liver with vanillic acid yielded only one metabolite. In paper chromatography with three different solvent systems, the substance showed the same RF-values as vanillyolglycine (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyhippuric acid) and in mixed chromatograms there was only one single spot. After separation by column chromatography, the UV- and IRspectra of the reaction product were identical with those of 3-methoxy4-hydroxy-hippuric acid.
During the perfusion experiment, the kinetics of the conjugation were investigated.
AMINO ACID FORMATION FROM GLUCOSE IN THE ISOLATED ADRENOCORTICAL AND THYROID TISSUE OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Hammar Hans , Hellman Bo , Larsson Stig 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Quantitative paper-radiochromatography was used for measuring the amino acid formation from uniformly labelled 14C-glucose in slices from the isolated adrenal cortex and the thyroid. In both these organs glucose was utilized in the synthesis of the following amino acids: alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, arginine, proline, glycine and isoleucine/leucine. Distinct differences were noted in the rate of formation of the individual amino acids; the value for alanine being no less than 5 times higher in the thyroid than in the adrenocortical tissue. While TSH had no effect on the conversion of glucose in the thyroid, there was a tendency for a lower amino acid (glutamine) formation, when the adrenal cortex was incubated with ACTH.
UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER BESTIMMUNG UND GEHALT DER LEUCIN-AMINOPEPTIDASE IN UTERUS UND VAGINA DER RATTE UND MAUS
Authors: Schmidt Helmuth 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A detailed description of a method of estimating leucine aminopeptidase is given. By the use of this method, leucine aminopeptidase has been estimated in the uterus and vagina of castrated rats after the administration of oestradiol, and also in the uterus of infantile mice after the administration of human menopausal gonadotrophin. In addition, the presence of a protease hydrolysing nitrocasein has been demonstrated in the vagina of castrated oestradiol-treated rats. The administration of oestradiol or human menopausal gonadotrophin respectively induced a statistically significant depression of leucine aminopeptidase activity in the uterus. In the vagina of castrated rats, leucine aminopeptidase and the decomposition rate of nitrocasein showed the same tendency following administration of oestradiol; statistically, however, only some of the results are significant. These data are discussed and compared with others described in the literature.
THE URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTRIOL DURING THE EARLY MONTHS OF PREGNANCY.
Authors: Frandsen V. Aasted , Stakemann Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of oestriol in women with normal pregnancies has been estimated by means of two methods developed by Frandsen (1963). Method I has a sensitivity of 0.5 mg/24 h of oestriol and method II a sensitivity of 25–50 μg/24 h.
The excretion in 106 cases of threatened abortion was also investigated. It was found that abortion was almost inevitable if the excretion of oestriol was low, while 75% of the cases with a normal output continued to term. Often a discrepancy between the result of a gonadotrophin test and of the oestriol estimation was found. In such cases the oestriol estimation gave the most reliable guide to the condition of the pregnancy.
BIOLOGISCHE WIRKUNGEN DES 20β-HYDROXY-PREGN-4-EN-3-ON
Authors: Lauritzen Christian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The biological effects of 20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one were investigated in the rodent by means of the Clauberg test, the Allen-Doisy test, the vaginal opening test, the uterine growth test, the levator ani test and the prostate test.
In the human subject the actions of 20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one were investigated with regard to its effects on the endometrium, delay of menstruation, production of withdrawal bleeding, cessation of dysfunctional bleeding, cervical mucus, vaginal smear, basal body temperature, excretion of gonadotrophins and pregnanediol in the urine and protein metabolism. 20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one is a true progestational hormone. With regard to its different physiological actions it is nearly halve as active as progesterone in the human subject.
THE ASSAY OF CORTICOTROPHIN IN MICE
Authors: Rerup Claus , Hedner Pavo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The assay of corticotrophin was performed in mice by means of small sample analysis of free plasma corticosteroids. In this method hypophysectomy was replaced by dexamethasone pretreatment. The response was measured preferably in a single mouse weighing 20 g or more. When mice of a lower body weight were used the plasma of two randomly assigned mice was pooled. Corticosteroids (mainly corticosterone) were determined fluorometrically in 0.25 (0.20) ml samples of plasma from heparinized blood. The results show that valid corticotrophin assays can be performed in mice both by the intravenous and subcutaneous route. Compared with the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion method or the plasma corticosteroid method in the rat the assay in mice was found to be at least five times more sensitive. 40 micro-units of corticotrophin were consistently detectable. Precision was dependent on the route of administration, the mean index of precision (s/b) being 0.20 in the intravenous and 0.12 in the subcutaneous assay. The difference was due to a steeper slope of the logdose-response line after subcutaneous administration.
Contrary to the findings in the rat, corticotrophin A (oxycel purified) did not differ significantly in potency estimates from subcutaneous and intravenous assays in mice, when crude corticotrophin (U. S. P. Corticotropin Reference Standard) was the basis of comparison. Accordingly results of subcutaneous assays of corticotrophin A samples in terms of the U. S. P. standard were lower in mice than in rats. The use of gelatine instead of saline as diluent in the subcutaneous assays yielded slightly but not significantly higher potency estimates (25 per cent).
The interpretation of the results is that for intravenous corticotrophin assays the mouse method is comparable to the rat assay. For subcutaneous corticotrophin assays, however, the mouse method is not suitable, if crude corticotrophin (U. S. P. standard) is the basis of comparison, but if corticotrophin A (oxycel purified) is the standard of reference (e. g. the Third International Standard for Corticotrophin), the mouse method may justifiably be used.
The advantages of the mouse method are increased sensitivity, precision, convenience, and economy.
ADRENAL CORTICAL RESPONSE TO INSULIN-INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN THE RAT.
Authors: Kraicer Jacob , Logothetopoulos John 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using plasma corticosterone as an index of adrenal cortical activity, the response to a single subcutaneous injection of Protamine Zinc Insulin was characterized. After twenty-five daily periods of hypoglycaemia induced by this long-acting insulin preparation, hypoglycaemia no longer induced an increase in plasma corticosterone. Further experiments confirmed that this actually represented an adaptation at the adenohypophyseal or higher level to the stimulus of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia.
ADRENAL CORTICAL RESPONSE TO INSULIN-INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN THE RAT.
Authors: Kraicer Jacob , Logothetopoulos John 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The part played by adrenaline and noradrenaline in the adrenal cortical response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was investigated. Both exogenously administered adrenaline and noradrenaline produced an increase in plasma corticosterone. This response was suppressed by pretreatment with the adrenergic blocking agent, Dibenzyline. The increase in plasma corticosterone produced by Protamine Zinc Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was unchanged by previous adrenal demedullation or pretreatment with Dibenzyline. Thus neither medullary nor extra medullary adrenaline and/or noradrenaline play an essential mediating role in the adrenal cortical response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia.