bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Hormonal Regulation of Cellular Differentiation and Function in Nucellar Projection and Endosperm Transfer Cells: A Microdissection-Based Transcriptome Study of Young Barley Grains
Authors: Thiel Johannes , Weier Diana , Sreenivasulu Nese , Strickert Marc , Weichert Nicola , Melzer Michael , Czauderna Tobias , Wobus Ulrich , Weber Hans , Weschke Winfriede 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNucellar projection (NP) and endosperm transfer cells (ETC) are essential tissues in growing barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains, responsible for nutrient transfer from maternal to filial tissues, endosperm/embryo nutrition, and grain development. A laser microdissection pressure catapulting-based transcriptome analysis was established to study NP and ETC separately using a barley 12K macroarray. A major challenge was to isolate high-quality mRNA from preembedded, fixed tissue while maintaining tissue integrity. We show that probes generated from fixed and embedded tissue sections represent largely the transcriptome (&gt;70%) of nonchemically treated and nonamplified references. In NP, the top-down gradient of cellular differentiation is reflected by the expression of C3HC4-type ubiquitin ligases and different histone genes, cell wall biosynthesis and expansin/extensin genes, as well as genes involved in programmed cell death-related proteolysis coupled to nitrogen remobilization, indicating distinct areas simultaneously undergoing mitosis, cell elongation, and disintegration. Activated gene expression related to gibberellin synthesis and function suggests a regulatory role for gibberellins in establishment of the differentiation gradient. Up-regulation of plasmalemma-intrinsic protein and tonoplast-intrinsic protein genes indicates involvement in nutrient transfer and/or unloading. In ETC, AP2/EREBP-like transcription factors and ethylene functions are transcriptionally activated, a response possibly coupled to activated defense mechanisms. Transcriptional activation of nucleotide sugar metabolism may be attributed to ascorbate synthesis and/or cell wall biosynthesis. These processes are potentially controlled by trehalose-6-P synthase/phosphatase, as suggested by expression of their respective genes. Up-regulation of amino acid permeases in ETC indicates important roles in active nutrient uptake from the apoplastic space into the endosperm.
Detection of QTL for growth rate in the blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra Leach) using selective DNA pooling
Authors: Baranski M. , Rourke M. , Loughnan S. , Hayes B. , Austin C. , Robinson N. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe objective of this study was to identify QTL for growth rate in the blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra using selective DNA pooling. Three full‐sibling families of H. rubra derived from crosses of wild broodstock were used. DNA was extracted from the largest and smallest 10% of progeny and combined into two pools for each phenotypic tail. The DNA pools were typed with 139 microsatellites, and markers showing significant differences between the peak height ratios of alleles inherited from the parents were individually genotyped and analysed by interval mapping. A strong correlation (r = 0.94, P < 0.001) was found between the t‐values from the analysis of pools and the t‐values from the analysis of individual genotypes. Based on the interval mapping analysis, QTL were detected on nine linkage groups at a chromosome‐wide P < 0.01 and one linkage group at a chromosome‐wide P < 0.05. The study demonstrated that selective DNA pooling is efficient and effective as a first‐pass screen for the discovery of QTL in an aquaculture species.
Characterization of EST‐derived microsatellites for gene mapping and evolutionary genomics in turbot
Authors: Bouza C. , Hermida M. , Millán A. , Vilas R. , Vera M. , Fernández C. , Calaza M. , Pardo B. G. , Martínez P. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe detection of microsatellite sequences within expressed sequence tags (ESTs) connects potential markers with specific genes, generating type I markers. We have developed and mapped by linkage analysis a set of EST‐derived microsatellites in the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. One hundred and ninety‐one microsatellites were identified from 9256 turbot ESTs. Primer design was possible with 98 microsatellites. After genotyping 25 wild turbot and the parents of two reference families for linkage analysis, 43 EST‐derived microsatellites were selected because they met technical and polymorphism criteria. A final set of 31 EST‐derived microsatellites could be mapped to 17 linkage groups of the turbot consensus map based on 242 anonymous microsatellites. Twenty‐four microsatellite‐containing ESTs were functionally annotated, confirming them as type I markers. Nineteen were mapped in the turbot consensus map. These EST‐derived microsatellites constitute useful tools for genome scanning of turbot populations, marker‐assisted selection programmes and comparative mapping.
Primary care treatment for child and adolescent neuropsychiatric conditions in remote rural Punjab, Pakistan – a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Tareen A. , Mirza I. , Mujtaba M. , Chaudhry H. R. , Jenkins R. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground  Pakistan is one of the most populous regions of the world. Previous work has demonstrated that there is reliance on traditional healthcare systems when seeking psychiatric care; however, there is a lack of information on help seeking for child and adolescent population. The aim of this study was to describe types of treatments and families’ perceptions of the effectiveness of those treatments for childhood neuropsychiatric disorders in remote rural Punjab.Method  Cross‐sectional survey of consecutive attendees at an advertised mental health consultation day in a remote rural area.Results  The effectiveness of these treatments, as rated by patients and their families, was variable, with highest reported effectiveness for general practitioner treatments. In families with a past history of care from a general practitioner, those who had epilepsy reported treatments to be more effective than those with mental retardation. Carers and users described consulting five different types of primary healthcare practitioners that used both physical and psychotherapeutic treatments.Conclusions  There is considerable variation in treatments available for child and adolescent neuropsychiatric disorders in remote rural areas of Punjab, a large proportion of which are considered ineffective by the users and carers. This highlights the need to develop effective interventions for child and adolescent neuropsychiatric conditions that can be administered by primary health workers. Our data suggest that the need for this is greatest for mental retardation.
The relationship between proxy reported health‐related quality of life and parental distress: gender differences
Authors: Davis E. , Davies B. , Waters E. , Priest N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective  Although primary caregiver proxy reports of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) are often used for healthcare decision making when child self‐reports are unable to be collected (because of a variety of reasons such as child illness, disability or age), we have little understanding of the correlates of parent‐proxy reports. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between parental depression and parent‐proxy reported QOL for primary caregivers (mothers and fathers), using a multidimensional HRQOL instrument. It was hypothesized that maternal depression would be negatively correlated with maternal reported HRQOL, but that paternal depression would not be correlated with paternal reported HRQOL.Methods  Data were from parents of children aged 4–5 years (n = 4983) involved in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. A questionnaire assessing parental depression (Kessler‐6) and proxy reported HRQOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory) was completed by the primary caregiver.Results  For maternal primary caregivers, maternal depression was negatively correlated with all domains of maternal proxy reports of HRQOL (r = −0.24 to r = −0.36). For paternal primary caregivers, there was no relationship between paternal depression and paternal proxy reports of HRQOL. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that maternal depression was a significant predictor of total HRQOL, accounting for 12% of the variance. For paternal mental health, depression did not predict parent‐proxy reported total HRQOL.Conclusion  These results highlight the importance of assessing maternal mental health when measuring proxy reported QOL. Further research is needed in this area to examine the relationship between parental depression and proxy reported HRQOL (including both mothers and fathers, where possible), as well as child self‐reported HRQOL.
Phytoplankton distribution along trophic gradients within and among reservoirs in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: CAPUTO LUCIANO , NASELLI‐FLORES LUIGI , ORDOÑEZ JAIME , ARMENGOL JOAN 
Published: September 2008

Summary1. Longitudinal gradients in the epilimnetic waters of stratified reservoirs provide a useful database to study changing environmental conditions. The spatial distribution, assemblage structure and specific adaptations of phytoplankton assemblages can be analysed along these gradients over short time scales.2. Four reservoirs with a similar typology, located along an altitudinal gradient in the same eco‐region, were sampled along their longitudinal axes. In total, 19 sampling stations provided a trophic spectrum, ranging from oligo‐mesotrophy to hypertrophy, which was quantified by calculating the trophic state index of each sampling station in the four reservoirs.3. Several patterns in phytoplankton assemblage structure were detected. Total chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a), biovolume, abundance and the relative biomass contribution of the main algal groups (chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, cryptophytes and diatoms) were highly correlated with their location along the trophic gradient.4. We also adopted the functional classification of Reynolds et al. (2002): this effectively summarized differences among phytoplankton assemblages under varying resource‐limiting combinations, especially nutrients and underwater light climate.5. In terms of relationships with the trophic gradient, diatoms and cyanobacteria exhibited significant opposing trends in both their relative chlorophyll contribution to total Chl‐a and biovolume. Chlorophytes were more abundant at an intermediate position along the trophic spectrum.6. The identified patterns are consistent with models of self‐organization of phytoplankton assemblages. In particular, light availability was a strong determinant of size and shape diversity, especially in hypertrophic conditions, where ‘R‐strategist’, needle shaped species, dominated the system. In contrast, under decreased availability of nutrients and higher light extinction coefficients (Kd), the system was co‐dominated by C‐ and S‐strategist species, having shapes with a higher surface/volume ratio.
Relationship between the friction coefficient and velocity of two cactus pear (Opuntia ficus india L.) cultivars on different surfaces
Authors: Kabas Onder , Ozmerzi Aziz 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe static and dynamic coefficients of friction were determined for two cactus pear cultivars against four different structural materials, namely galvanised steel, rubber, plywood and paper for surface moving velocities of 5.35–26.72 mm s−1. Velocity affected the dynamic coefficient more than the static coefficient. Differences between the tested surfaces were most pronounced at a velocity of 18.63 mm s−1. The effects of velocity and friction surface varied inconsistently between the two cultivars.
Radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity of horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) extracts
Authors: Čanadanović‐Brunet Jasna M. , Ćetković Gordana S. , Djilas Sonja M. , Tumbas Vesna T. , Savatović Sladjana S. , Mandić Anamarija I. , Markov Siniša L. , Cvetković Dragoljub D. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryA reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) separation on C8 column and quantitative method were developed to analyse hydroxyl derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acid and flavonoids in horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) extracts. Total phenolic content of n‐butanol, ethyl acetate and water extracts, determined by the Folin‐Ciocalteu method, was 96.4, 26.4 and 15.4 mg g−1 of dry extracts, respectively. The antioxidative activity of horsetail extracts was tested by measuring their ability to scavenge stable 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reactive hydroxyl radicals by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the free radical scavenging activity (versus both DPPH and hydroxyl radicals) depended on the type and concentration of applied extracts; the highest DPPH (EC50 = 0.65 mg mL−1) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities (EC50 = 0.74 mg mL−1) were obtained in the case of n‐butanol extract. The radical scavenging activity of extracts significantly correlated with total phenolic content. The antimicrobial tests showed that ethyl acetate and n‐butanol extracts inhibited the growth of tested bacteria.
Protein stabilisation of Chardonnay wine using trisacryl and bentonite: a comparative study
Authors: De Bruijn Johannes , Loyola Cristina , Flores Adan , Hevia Felicitas , Melín Pedro , Serra Ignacio 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe stabilisation of a Chilean Chardonnay wine by SP‐Trisacryl‐M and bentonite was investigated, evaluating protein, polyphenol and polysaccharide adsorption, turbidity and wine quality. The wine could be stabilised by adding at least 0.3 kg m−3 of bentonite or 12 kg m−3 of trisacryl, removing 95% and 76% of the wine proteins, respectively. The protein adsorption data for bentonite and trisacryl were fitted using the Freundlich isotherm. The wine protein adsorption isotherm on trisacryl was unfavourable. Protein removal from Chardonnay by trisacryl in a packed column at continuous operation was about 50% during the first 70 bed volumes (BV) of treated wine and decreased progressively until the end of the treatment (100 BV). The adsorbents showed a higher selectivity for proteins than for polyphenols and polysaccharides. A sensorial panel could not detect statistically significant differences between the bentonite and trisacryl treatments of wine at P ≤ 0.05.
Physico‐chemical studies on a wide composition range of low‐moisture glucose–fructose mixtures: rates of crystallisation
Authors: Arvanitoyannis Ioannis S. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe crystallisation rates of low‐moisture (from 2% to 10% w/w) glucose–fructose mixtures were investigated at a variety of storage temperatures (from 0 to 60 °C). It was found that d‐fructose considerably retards the rate of crystallisation. High storage temperatures induced a decrease in the ‘threshold’ moisture content, which is necessary for the initial nucleation and further development of the glucose and/or fructose crystals. This knowledge of crystallisation rates can be exploited in terms of storage of confectionery products containing d‐glucose, d‐fructose or both of them, and honey.
Detecting vegetable oil adulteration in hazelnut paste (Corylus avellana L.)
Authors: Bonvehi Josep Serra , Coll Francesc Ventura 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe possibilities of detecting hazelnut paste adulterated with refined and non‐refined vegetable oils have been studied. Research was focussed mainly on peanut, high oleic‐acid sunflower, corn and soybean oils which have a similar composition to hazelnut oil. The analytical procedures to detect fatty acid (FA), triacylglycerol (TAG) and tocopherol profiles as indicators of adulteration were determined. The better indicators experimentally determined were seven FA (palmitic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, behenic and lignoceric acids) and different TAG with three unsaturated FA (the code letters used for FA are: P = C16:0; S = C18:0; O = C18:1; L = C18:2;; Ln = C18:3) (LLLn, LLL and OOO), two unsaturated FA (POL, PLL and SOO), and one unsaturated FA (PPL). As expected, when refined vegetable oils were added to hazelnut paste, the increment of stigmasta‐3,5‐diene allowed detection at levels of 2% oil added. Limits of detection were measured using standard and adulterated hazelnut with different amounts of non‐refined vegetable oils added (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%). The distribution of tocopherols and tocotrienols is highly useful, except in the case of added sunflower oil. The differences between the experimental and theoretical values of the TAG with equivalent carbon number (ΔECN) of 42 does not improve the detection limit of hazelnut paste adulterated with peanut or sunflower oils. Similarly, tocopherols usually added to refined vegetable oils as an antioxidant were also determined.
Compositional variation in β‐carotene content, carbohydrate and antioxidant enzymes in selected banana cultivars
Authors: Arora Ajay , Choudhary Divya , Agarwal Gaurav , Singh Virender Pal 
Published: September 2008

SummaryBanana is one of the most important tropical fruits, and India ranks first in its world production. Banana cultivars rich in provitamin A carotenoids may offer a potential food source for alleviating vitamin A deficiency, particularly in developing countries. With a view to exploit banana peels as a source of valuable components, in the present study, proximate composition, carotenoids, beta‐carotene and some anti‐oxidative enzymes as well as carbohydrate content of selected Indian banana varieties were determined. Karpooravalli cultivar of banana showed the maximum accumulation of carotenoid content in the non‐edible (68 μg g−1 d.w.) portion of banana, while being the second highest in beta‐carotene content (143.12 μg per 100 g). However, Red Banana ranked highest in total carotenoid contents for pulp (4 μg g−1 d.w.) and beta‐carotene was estimated to be the highest in the case of peels (241.91 μg per 100 g) and in pulp (117.2 μg per 100 g). Karpooravalli cultivar of banana is also rich in carbohydrate content in terms of total starch (1786.0 μg g−1 d.w. in peels and 544.85 μg g−1 d.w. in pulp) and sugars (53.53 μg g−1 d.w. in peels and 39.05 μg g−1 d.w. in pulp). The catalase enzyme activity in these peels ranged from 5.66 to 35.57 nmol min−1 mg−1 proteins and was found at a higher level in cultivar Poovan, while the ascorbate peroxidase showed the range of 2.25 to 6.22 μmol min−1 mg−1 proteins. The peels of cultivars Red Banana and Karpooravalli are rich source of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids (beta‐carotene), anti‐oxidative enzymes and carbohydrate contents.
Effectiveness of fatty acids and their monoglycerides against gram‐negative pathogens
Authors: Altieri Clelia , Bevilacqua Antonio , Cardillo Daniela , Sinigaglia Milena 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe effectiveness of lauric, myristic and palmitic acids and their monoglycerides against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella sp. A total of 20 ppm of myristic and palmitic acids and their monolgycerides showed a promising bioactivity (60–80%) against E. coli O157:H7 within 10–24 h; 50 ppm of monolaurin inhibited Y. enterocolitica and E. coli O157:H7 by >90% of control for 96 h; otherwise, 40 ppm of monolaurin and 30–50 ppm of lauric acid reduced Y. enterocolitica growth by >65% of control. The effect of lauric acid and its monoglyceride against Salmonella spp. was moderate (inhibition of approximately 30%). The results of this paper suggested some interesting ideas: the same compound could exert an inhibition or a stimulation of microbial growth; moreover, the studied compounds seemed to act in a reversible manner, as the inhibition of micro‐organism was quite strong within the first 10–24 h and decreased for a prolonged incubation.
Evaluating evidence of association of bovine tuberculosis in cattle and badgers
Authors: Hone Jim , Donnelly Christl A. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryBovine tuberculosis (TB) occurs in cattle and badgers in the UK and control efforts are undertaken to reduce the spread of the disease.This study evaluates relationships predicted by nine epidemiological two‐host models of disease spread generated by various combinations of density‐dependent, frequency‐dependent and environmental pathogen transmission. The relationships of interest are between measures of TB in cattle and in badgers from 10 sites which were randomly selected to be proactive badger culling sites in the UK Randomized Badger Culling Trial. The data are from the initial badger cull only.There was most support (Akaike weight = 0·562,R2 = 0·869) for models that predicted a positive linear relationship between density of infectious cattle per square kilometre and the density index of infectious badgers. There was less support (Akaike weight = 0·060) for a model that predicted a positive linear relationship between density of infectious cattle per square kilometre and the proportion of badgers infectious withMycobacterium bovis.A correction to reduce effects of badger carcase storage and an examination of effects of the 2001 foot‐and‐mouth disease epidemic had little impact on estimated relationships.Synthesis and applications. The results provide support for two‐host disease models of TB in cattle and wildlife such as badgers, although the form of disease transmission cannot be identified clearly by these analyses. The implication of the results is that the best‐fitting models predict that, in the absence of intervention‐related changes in badger behaviour, a reduction in density of infectious badgers should reduce the density of infectious cattle. However, analysis of bait‐marking data collected following experimental badger culls indicated that culling badgers profoundly alters their spatial organization as well as their population density, potentially influencing contact rates. Effective vaccination of badgers, were it to become available, would be expected to reduce the density of infectious badgers without directly affecting their behaviour.
Recruitment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific CD4+ T cells to the site of infection for diagnosis of active tuberculosis
Authors: Nemeth J. , Winkler H.‐M. , Zwick R. H. , Rumetshofer R. , Schenk P. , Burghuber O. C. , Graninger W. , Ramharter M. , Winkler S. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract.Context.  Accurate and early diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) is problematic as current diagnostic methods show low sensitivity (acid‐fast bacilli smears), are time‐consuming (culture of biological samples) or show variable results [Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)‐specific PCR].Objectives.  In the course of infection, MTB‐specific T cells clonally expand at the site of infection and may thus be used as diagnostic marker for active disease.Design.  In this cohort study, the frequency of MTB‐specific, interferon (IFN)‐γ expressing CD4+ T cells obtained from peripheral blood and the site of disease in 25 patients with suspected TB was assessed (n = 11, bronchoalveolar lavage; n = 7, pleural fluid; n = 1, ascites; n = 1, joint fluid; n = 5, cerebrospinal fluid).Results.  Amongst 15 patients who showed proven active TB infection, a striking increase of MTB‐specific T cells was detected at the site of infection compared with peripheral blood (median increase: 28.5‐fold, range: 7.25–531 fold; median of IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ T cells from blood: 0.02%, range: 0–0.52%; median of IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ T cells from the site of infection: 1.81%, range: 0.29–6.55%, P < 0.001).Main outcome measure.  Recruitment of MTB‐specific T cells to the site of infection yielded a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 90%, irrespective of the compartment affected.Conclusions.  The accumulation of MTB‐specific T cells at the site of infection may prove as useful diagnostic marker for an accurate and rapid diagnosis of active TB.