bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High potassium induces taurine release by osmosensitive and osmoresistant mechanisms in the rat hippocampus in vivo
Authors: Rodríguez‐Navarro José A. , Gonzalo‐Gobernado Rafael , Herranz Antonio S. , Gonźlez‐Vigueras José M. , Solís José M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe high potassium‐evoked taurine efflux in the nervous tissue has been entirely considered to be the result of the cell swelling produced by KCl influx via passive Donnan forces. However, the extracellular taurine increase evoked in the hippocampus by applying 6–100 mM KCl through microdialysis probes, which saturates at a concentration of 25 mM KCl, is not congruent with the mentioned osmosensitive release of taurine stimulated by high potassium. Therefore, we studied whether the taurine release elicited by different high KCl concentrations (25, 50, 75, or 100 mM) was blocked under hypertonic conditions (+100 mM sucrose). Taurine release stimulated by 25 mM KCl was totally osmosensitive, but that released by higher KCl concentrations became progressively osmoresistant, achieving more than the 60% of the extracellular taurine enhancement during 100 mM KCl perfusion. The osmoresistant taurine release evoked by 100 mM KCl perfusion was partially reduced by a solution without Ca2+and with high Mg2+, or byD,L‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphopentanoic acid, an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Moreover, the release of taurine induced by a hypoosmotic solution was reduced by the presence ofeither high K+(75 mM) or NMDA (100 μM). These results indicate that although moderately high [K+] evoke the osmosensitive release of taurine, higher [K+] inhibit it and trigger the release of taurine by an osmoresistant mechanism. This last component is partially mediated by NMDA receptors activated by the glutamate released during potassium‐induced depolarization. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in biogenic amines during iced and ambient temperature storage of tilapia
Authors: Sil Subhasis , Joseph Jose , Kumar K Ashok 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Changes in the biogenic amine content of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) with time during iced and ambient temperature (28 °C) storage were quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography in a gradient elution system using acetonitrile and water as solvents.RESULTS: The levels of amines in tilapia were significantly low even after a long storage period (18 h under ambient temperature storage and 15 days under iced storage). All amines except spermidine and spermine increased with time during both iced and ambient temperature storage. Spermidine and spermine showed a decrease with increasing storage time.CONCLUSION: Being euryhaline (tolerant of a wide range of salinity) in nature, tilapia shows significantly low quantities of biogenic amines even after a long period of ambient temperature or iced storage, unlike most other marine fish. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of fermentation metabolites on rheological and sensory properties of fermented rice noodles
Authors: Lu Zhan‐Hui , Cao Wei , Peng He‐Hua , Wang Feng , Tatsumi Eizo , Kohyama Kaoru , Li Li‐Te 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Considering the effect of natural fermentation on the textural improvement of fermented rice noodles in China and South Asia, and given the lack of reports concerning the roles of fermentation metabolites (enzymes, organic acids, glucose and maltose), this study aims to determine fermentation metabolites produced during fermentation of raw milled rice grains, and investigate their effects on rheological and sensory properties of rice noodles.RESULTS: α‐Amylase activity was correlated with reducing sugar content significantly in the supernatant during fermentation process (r = 0.76, P < 0.05). Lactic acid was the dominant organic acid produced by fermentation. Protein and lipid content decreased significantly by fermentation. Treating the rice grains with trypsin, lipase or lactic acid could modify the rheological characteristics and improve the sensory properties of rice noodles. Removal of protein and lipid by physical extraction confirmed the results. The residue of glucose and maltose in rice flour weakened the noodle texture.CONCLUSIONS: Fermentation of raw milled rice decreased protein and lipid content, increased the purity of rice starch, and thus improved the texture of fermented rice noodles. The low molecule weight sugars produced during fermentation should be removed for their negative effect on texture. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Radiofrequency‐Assisted liver resection in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Curro Giuseppe , Jiao Long , Scisca Claudio , Baccarani Umberto , Mucciardi Massimo , Habib Nagy , Navarra Giuseppe 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundRadio‐frequency‐assisted liver resection has been shown to allow virtually bloodless procedures without the need for vascular exclusion manoeuvres. Our primary end‐point was to evaluate safety and feasibility of RF‐assisted liver resection in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Our second end‐point was to assess whether the RF‐assisted procedure influence the outcome in terms of morbidity and mortality.MethodsA retrospective study was done of 55 cirrhotic patients who underwent RF‐assisted liver resection for HCC at our Departments between September 2001 and October 2007.ResultsIn the period of study 29 monosegmentectomies, 20 bisegmentectomies, 4 trisegmentectomies and 2 right hepatectomies were carried out. Vascular exclusion manoeuvres were never performed. One patient died post‐operatively because of untreatable hepatorenal syndrome. Twelve patients out of 55 experienced 21 complications including complicated pleural effusion, intra‐abdominal collection, hepatorenal syndrome, ascites, hematoma and biliary fistula. Post‐operative liver failure occurred in one case (1.8%). In patients without post‐operative morbidity (n = 43) the 4‐year survival rate was 62% versus 24% in patients who experienced post‐operative morbidity (n = 12) (P = 0.02).ConclusionsRF‐assisted liver resection is a safe and feasible procedure associated with lower morbidity and hospital mortality rates even in case of liver cirrhosis. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of boron concentration on the corrosion resistance of cast B‐bearing steel in molten zinc
Authors: Hanguang Fu , Xuding Song , Yongping Lei , Jiandong Xing 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in molten zinc of five kinds of cast B‐bearing steels containing X wt% B ‐ 0.8 wt% Si ‐ 1.0 wt% Mn ‐ (1.0∼2.0) wt% Cr ‐ (0.3∼0.5) wt% C (X = 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50) were studied. The effects of boron concentration on microstructure and mechanical properties of cast B‐bearing steels have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness and impact tester. The evaluation of corrosion resistance in molten zinc of cast B‐bearing steel is calculated from the slopes of mass lossversusdipping time and surface area of sample at 480 °C. The results showed that boride volume fraction and hardness increased and the impact toughness of cast B‐bearing steel decreased with the increase in boron concentration. The corrosion rate of cast B‐bearing steels decreased and corrosion resistance in molten zinc increased with the increase in boron concentration. Moreover, the corrosion rate of cast B‐bearing steels decreased with the increase in temperature of molten zinc.
Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites: Influence of Ionic Strength on the Structure and Adhesion Characteristics in Multilayered Films
Authors: Stefanescu Eduard A. , Stefanescu Cristina , Donose Bogdan C. , Garno Jayne C. , Daly William H. , Schmidt Gudrun , Negulescu Ioan I. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe aim of the present contribution is to understand how ionic strength, brought by the addition of salt to laponite/PEO nanocomposite dispersions, influences the texture and adhesion characteristics at nano‐ and microscales in multilayered nanocomposite films prepared from such dispersions. At the nano‐scale, SAXS and XRD measurements indicated that the clay platelets orient parallel to the film plane and that the polymer chains intercalate the clay platelets regardless of salt addition. A gradual transition from an agglomerated structure, containing polymer‐rich and clay‐rich domains, to a fine‐balanced structure with smaller distinct details without excess PEO was observed, via AFM, on the exposed edges of cryo‐microtomed films with increasing ionic strength.magnified image
Image reconstruction by regularized nonlinear inversion—Joint estimation of coil sensitivities and image content
Authors: Uecker Martin , Hohage Thorsten , Block Kai Tobias , Frahm Jens 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe use of parallel imaging for scan time reduction in MRI faces problems with image degradation when using GRAPPA or SENSE for high acceleration factors. Although an inherent loss of SNR in parallel MRI is inevitable due to the reduced measurement time, the sensitivity to image artifacts that result from severe undersampling can be ameliorated by alternative reconstruction methods. While the introduction of GRAPPA and SENSE extended MRI reconstructions from a simple unitary transformation (Fourier transform) to the inversion of an ill‐conditioned linear system, the next logical step is the use of a nonlinear inversion. Here, a respective algorithm based on a Newton‐type method with appropriate regularization terms is demonstrated to improve the performance of autocalibrating parallel MRI—mainly due to a better estimation of the coil sensitivity profiles. The approach yields images with considerably reduced artifacts for high acceleration factors and/or a low number of reference lines. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (a) 205/8
Authors: Fortunato Elvira 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAdvances in Transparent Electronics: From Materials to Devices IIThis issue of physica status solidi contains selected papers presented in Symposium I “Advances in Transparent Electronics: From Materials to Devices II” at the European Materials Research Society Spring Meeting held in Strasbourg, France, from 28 May to 1 June 2007. This was the second meeting in Europe covering this topic. It was attended by scientists from 33 different countries, with special emphasis to the Republic of South Korea and Japan (20% and 10%, respectively, of the total of papers presented).The symposium programme consisted of 9 invited talks, 45 oral presentations and 122 poster presentations, in total 176 contributions, from which 60 were selected for publication in the proceedings, representing nearly 35% of the submitted communications.Topics ranging from the fundamental understanding of physical phenomena to materials and devices have been covered, with special emphasis on the following ones:– Materials and processing for transparent electronics– Characterization and modelling– New devices (nano, micro and macro)– New applicationsThe success of this symposium was the result of the contributions of many dedicated people. It is a pleasure for me to thank the symposium organizers (H. Hosono, Japan, J. Wager, USA, G. Kiriakidis, Greece, and S. Y. Lee, Korea) for their availability and help during the preparation and follow up of this symposium as well as all the individual referees, who donated their time to help making this a successful and scientific strong contribution for the international community on transparent electronics. I also would like to thank the two voluntary symposium assistants (P. Barquinha and G. Gonçalo) who helped before, during and after the symposium.Since the work is not limited to what was done before and during the conference, I also have to emphasize a detailed, delicate and long work that has been done after the conference was over, in close cooperation with Prof. Martin Stutzmann and Dr. Stefan Hildebrandt, for the edition of this special issue.I also would like to thank the E‐MRS staff (C. Kocher and S. Schoeffter) for the unlimited time, energy and professionalism given for the success of this symposium. Without their assistance the symposium would not have been the success that it was.I also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of our main sponsors who made the symposium possible:– FCT‐UNL, Portugal– Hewlett‐Packard, Ireland– Horiba Jobin Yvon, France– Canon, Japan
Pulsed laser annealing of semiconductor structures for functional devices
Authors: Misra N. , Xu L. , Rogers M. S. , Ko S. H. , Grigoropoulos C. P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe cover picture of this issue of physica status solidi (c) has been taken from the article [1]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound findings within 24 hours following uneventful Cesarean section
Authors: Koskas M. , Nizard J. , Salomon L. J. , Ville Y. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo describe prospectively the normal abdominal and pelvic ultrasound features within 24 h following uneventful Cesarean section.MethodsTransabdominal ultrasound examination was performed between 1 and 3 h, and again at 24 h, following lower‐segment Cesarean section (LSCS). The myometrium, endometrium, and amount and distribution of free peritoneal fluid were studied in 30 women with singleton pregnancies who underwent LSCS delivery.ResultsExaminations were performed easily in all cases except one who was morbidly obese (body mass index > 40 kg/m2). At 1–3 h after delivery, mean ± SD endometrial thickness was 13 ± 2 mm. Mean uterine length, from the fundus to the cervical external os, was 160 ± 15 mm. Measurement of uterine length in the mid‐sagittal plane of the pelvis was impossible in eight cases (27%) owing to pain. No abnormal intrauterine findings were observed. Mean uterine width was 110 ± 10 mm. Mean distance between the sacral promontory and uterine fundus was 104 ± 11 mm. Mean thicknesses of the anterior and posterior walls of the uterus were 40 ± 5 mm and 39 ± 7 mm, respectively. No fluid was seen in Morrison's or Douglas' pouches. There was a consistent and significant reduction between the measurements performed at 1–3 h and those at 24 h after LSCS, except for the distance between the fundus and external os.ConclusionsUltrasound examination is feasible after Cesarean section. Images are obtained easily, even when scanning through the scar. In normal pregnancies, there is no fluid in the abdomen or pelvis. These results could help clinicians in the decision‐making process in cases of early postpartum hemorrhage or hemodynamic instability following LSCS. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contention‐free approaches for WiFi MAC design for VoIP services: performance analysis and comparison
Authors: Qaimkhani Irshad A. , Hossain Ekram 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe exponential growth in the demand of voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services along with the increasing demand for mobility in VoIP services has attracted great research efforts towards provisioning of VoIP services in IEEE 802.11‐based Wireless LANs (WiFi networks). We address one of the important research problems, namely, the quality of service (QoS)‐aware efficient silence suppression in the bursty voice traffic, for provisioning VoIP services in WiFi networks. The research works in the recent literature on silence suppression in voice calls have been surveyed categorising them on how the activity arrival is notified to the access point (AP). In most of the recent schemes, notification of uplink activity arrival is done through contention based medium access mechanisms such as the distributed coordination function (DCF). Contention‐based medium access causes non‐deterministic delays, therefore such schemes are not suited to voice traffic which require strict delay bound guarantees. This paper focuses on the schemes which do not use contention based approaches for silence suppression in voice traffic. Analytical performance evaluation and comparison of such schemes is carried out. Two very important performance metrics are modelled mathematically. One is the expected polling overhead time that the schedulers in these schemes can save per voice call during one voice activity cycle as compared to that in the round‐robin polling scheduler. The other is the expected unnecessary wireless channel access delay that a typical first talk‐spurt frame experiences due to the specific design of each scheme. The numerical results of this evaluation lead us to the conclusion whether or not and to what extent each of these schemes is viable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary fish oil decreases secretion of T helper (Th) 1-type cytokines by a direct effect on murine splenic T cells but enhances secretion of a Th2-type cytokine by an effect on accessory cells
Authors: Petursdottir Dagbjort H. , Hardardottir Ingibjorg 
Published: August 2008

Dietary fish oil is considered to have anti-inflammatory effects based primarily on its effects on T-cell proliferation and IL-2 secretion. Its effects on the secretion of T helper (Th) 1-type cytokines vary and few studies have examined its effects on the secretion of Th2-type cytokines. In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary fish oil on the secretion of Th1 and Th2-type cytokines by splenocytes and the mechanism by which dietary fish oil affects Th2-type cytokine secretion. Mice were fed diets supplemented with 18 % fish oil (w/w) +2 % maize oil or 20 % maize oil for 6 weeks. Spleen cells, isolated splenic T cells and accessory cells (splenocytes depleted of T cells) were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28. The secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 was measured by ELISA. Dietary fish oil decreased the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α by total splenocytes and isolated T cells. In contrast, dietary fish oil increased the secretion of IL-4 by total splenocytes but had no effect on IL-4 secretion by isolated T cells. When isolated T cells were cultured with CD11b+cells (mainly macrophages), cells from mice fed the fish oil diet secreted more IL-4 than cells from mice fed the maize oil diet. These results demonstrate that dietary fish oil directs cytokine secretion by splenocytes towards a Th2 phenotype and that the effects of dietary fish oil on the secretion of a Th2-type cytokine are mediated by its effect on CD11b+accessory cells.
An Outbreak of Varicella with Likely Breakthrough Disease in a Population of Pediatric Cancer Patients
Authors: Adler Amanda L. , Casper Corey , Boeckh Michael , Heath Joan , Zerr Danielle M. 
Published: August 2008

Background.Varicella is highly contagious, and immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of severe illness, including disseminated disease, pneumonia, and encephalitis. We describe an outbreak of varicella with likely breakthrough disease in a population of pediatric cancer patients in October 2004.Setting.A 250-bed tertiary care pediatric facility with a 33-bed oncology unit, outpatient clinics, and affiliated group housing and schoolroom spaces.Methods.We defined varicella as an acute illness with a maculopapulovesicular rash, without other apparent cause. We defined breakthrough disease as varicella with onset more than 42 days after vaccination. Cancer patients were considered to be nonimmune if serologic test results were negative for varicella-zoster virus. Family members were considered to be nonimmune if they had no history of infection with wild-type varicella-zoster virus or of varicella vaccination.Results.In a period of approximately 16 days, varicella was detected in 7 children (the index case, 5 secondary cases, and 1 tertiary case). Of the 7 identified cases, 4 appeared to be cases of breakthrough disease in previously vaccinated children. The outbreak resulted in the exposure of 82 families at a pediatric group housing facility; 28 children at the schoolroom; and77patients, 150 family members, and 9 staff members at 3 outpatient clinics.Conclusions.This outbreak highlights the important role that breakthrough varicella can play in healthcare centers with affiliated group housing. Formal recommendations on the management of exposed individuals who have been vaccinated should be made in such settings, especially if immunocompromised hosts are present.
Summer depth selection in crustacean zooplankton in nutrient‐poor boreal lakes is affected by recent residential development
Authors: GÉLINAS MALORIE , PINEL‐ALLOUL BERNADETTE 
Published: August 2008

Summary1. Strong vertical gradients in light, water temperature, oxygen, algal concentration and predator encounters during summer in stratified lakes may influence patterns of depth selection in crustacean zooplankton, especially Daphnia species.2. To test how crustacean depth selection varies among lakes along a gradient of catchment disturbance by recent residential development and land use change, we calculated the weighted mean depth distribution of the biomass of crustaceans by day and night in eight nutrient‐poor boreal lakes.3. Generally, the greatest biomass of crustaceans was located at the metalimnion or at the lower boundary of the euphotic zone during thermal stratification in July. The crustacean zooplankton avoided warm surface layers and tended to stay in colder deep waters by both day and night. They also remained at greater depths in lakes with a more extensive euphotic zone.4. There was some evidence of upward nocturnal migrations of large Daphnia and copepods in some lakes, and one case of downward migration in a lake inhabited by chaoborid larvae.5. Multivariate regression trees (MRT) were used to cluster crustaceans and Daphnia species in homogeneous groups based on lake natural and disturbance factors. For crustaceans, the depth of the euphotic zone, the sampling depth (epilimnion, metalimnion and hypolimnion), time (day or night) of sampling and the biomass of chlorophyll a were the main driving factors. For Daphnia species, the drainage area, the sampling depth, the cleared land surface area within the catchment and the concentration of total dissolved phosphorus were the main factors.
Sex‐specific behavioural effects of environmental enrichment in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Stam Nathan C. , Nithianantharajah Jess , Howard Monique L. , Atkin Julie D. , Cheema Surindar S. , Hannan Anthony J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor neuron degeneration, muscle wasting and paralysis. While twin studies support a role for both genetic and environmental factors in ALS, the nature of environmental modifiers is unknown. We therefore compared onset and progression of disease symptoms in female and male transgenic ALS mice (expressing the human SOD1G93A gene mutation) and their wild‐type littermates, housed in environmentally enriched versus standard conditions. Environmental enrichment significantly improved motor performance, as measured using the accelerating rotarod, in particular for female mice. This enhanced motor coordination was observed for both SOD1G93A and wild‐type mice, suggesting this effect is independent of genotype. Female SOD1G93A mice housed with environmental enrichment were found to reach overt end‐stage disease sooner than their standard‐housed littermates. However, male SOD1G93A mice did not show significantly accelerated disease progression. This evidence for environmental modulation of ALS pathogenesis in transgenic mice provides insights into activity‐dependent aspects of the disease process, and may help identify molecular targets for pharmacological modulators as future therapeutics.