bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Packstoffentkeimung mittels Wasserstoffperoxid – Methoden und Kombinationsverfahren
Authors: Engelhard P. , Kulozik U. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFür die Packstoffentkeimung beim keimarmen bzw. aseptischen Verpacken von Lebensmitteln hat sich Wasserstoffperoxid breit durchgesetzt. Neben den verschiedenen Anwendungen dieses stark oxidativen Entkeimungsagens in flüssiger Form etablieren sich immer mehr Verfahren, die Wasserstoffperoxid in der Gasphase einsetzen. Zwei solcher Verfahren werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt: die Entkeimung mittels wasserstoffperoxidhaltiger Heißluft und die Entkeimung mit einer Kombination aus flüssigem Wasserstoffperoxid und einer IR‐Bestrahlung. Mit beiden Verfahren ist es möglich, bakterielle Sporen in wenigen Sekunden abzutöten, ohne dass hohe Rückstände der Chemikalie auf dem Packmittel verbleiben.
Retrograde analyses of spinothalamic projections in the macaque monkey: Input to ventral posterior nuclei
Authors: Craig A.D. (Bud) 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe distribution of retrogradely labeled spinothalamic tract (STT) neurons was analyzed in monkeys following variously sized injections of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) in order to determine whether different STT termination sites receive input from different sets of STT cells. This report focuses on STT input to the ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) and the subjacent ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPI), where prior anterograde tracing studies identified scattered STT terminal bursts and a dense terminal field, respectively. In cases with small or medium‐sized injections in VPL, labeled STT cells were located almost entirely in lamina V (in spinal segments consistent with the mediolateral VPL topography); few cells were labeled in lamina I (<8%) and essentially none in lamina VII. Large and very large injections in VPL produced marked increases in labeling in lamina I, associated first with spread into VPI and next into the posterior part of the ventral medial nucleus (VMpo), and abundant labeling in lamina VII, associated with spread into the ventral lateral (VL) nucleus. Small injections restricted to VPI labeled many STT cells in laminae I and V with an anteroposterior topography. These observations indicate that VPL receives STT input almost entirely from lamina V neurons, whereas VPI receives STT input from both laminae I and V cells, with two different topographic organizations. Together with the preceding observation that STT input to VMpo originates almost entirely from lamina I, these findings provide strong evidence that the primate STT consists of anatomically and functionally differentiable components. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:965–978, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual olfactory pathway in the honeybee, Apis mellifera
Authors: Kirschner Sebastian , Kleineidam Christoph Johannes , Zube Christina , Rybak Jürgen , Grünewald Bernd , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe antennal lobes (ALs) are the primary olfactory centers in the insect brain. In the AL of the honeybee, olfactory glomeruli receive input via four antennal sensory tracts (T1–4). Axons of projection neurons (PNs) leave the AL via several antenno‐cerebral tracts (ACTs). To assign the input–output connectivity of all glomeruli, we investigated the spatial relationship of the antennal tracts and two prominent AL output tracts (medial and lateral ACT) mainly formed by uniglomerular (u) PNs using fluorescent tracing, confocal microscopy, and 3D analyses. Furthermore, we investigated the projections of all ACTs in higher olfactory centers, the mushroom‐bodies (MB) and lateral horn (LH). The results revealed a clear segregation of glomeruli into two AL hemispheres specifically supplied by PNs of the medial and lateral ACT. PNs of the lateral ACT innervate glomeruli in the ventral‐rostral AL and primarily receive input from T1 (plus a few glomeruli from T2 and T3). PNs of the medial ACT innervate glomeruli in the dorsal‐caudal hemisphere, and mainly receive input from T3 (plus a few glomeruli from T2 and T4). The PNs of the m‐ and l‐ACT terminate in different areas of the MB calyx and LH and remain largely segregated. Tracing of three mediolateral (ml) ACTs mainly formed by multiglomerular PNs revealed terminals in distinct compartments of the LH and in three olfactory foci within the lateral protocerebrum. The results indicate that olfactory input in the honeybee is processed via two separate, mainly uPN pathways to the MB calyx and LH and several pathways to the lateral protocerebrum. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:933–952, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunolabeling demonstrates the interdependence of mouse brain α4 and β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit expression
Authors: Whiteaker Paul , Cooper John F. , Salminen Outi , Marks Michael J. , Mcclure‐Begley Tristan D. , Brown Robert W.B. , Collins Allan C. , Lindstrom Jon M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractImmunolabeling of β2 and α4 subunits was quantitated in brain sections (14 μm) using [125I]mAb 270 and [125I]mAb 299, respectively. Specificity was demonstrated by signal loss in β2−/−and α4−/−brain sections, respectively. Even mild paraformaldehyde fixation severely affected immunolabeling, so this study used unfixed sections. Immunolabeling autoradiography was used to map and quantitate the effects of β2 and α4 subunit‐null mutations on their putative partner subunits' protein expression. [125I]mAb 299 labeling was nearly eliminated in β2−/−sections, although dorsal interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) retained a faint signal. Therefore, α4 subunit expression is almost universally β2‐dependent. In contrast, α4‐null mutation effects on [125I]mAb 270 immunolabeling varied widely among brain regions. In corticothalamic regions, [125I]mAb 270 labeling was eliminated. However, in habenulopeduncular regions, α4 genotype had no effect. Other (predominantly dopaminergic and optic tract) nuclei also retained reduced [125I]mAb 270 labeling in α4−/−sections. Thus, although most β2 subunit protein expression is α4‐dependent, this dependence is not universal. Presumably, residual β2 subunits are found in non‐α4* subtypes. Together, these results show that immunolabeling is applicable to reliable, quantitative investigations of neuronal nAChRs, and that subunit‐null mutants can be appropriate controls for such experiments. In situ mRNA hybridization was also performed to determine if altered mRNA transcription mediated the interdependence of α4 and β2 subunit expression. α4‐Null mutation did not affect β2 mRNA expression, nor did β2 genotype affect α4 mRNA expression. Consequently, it seems that the two subunits' effects on each other's expression are mediated at the protein, rather than gene expression level. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:1016–1038, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
VE‐cadherin‐CreERT2 transgenic mouse: A model for inducible recombination in the endothelium
Authors: Monvoisin Arnaud , Alva Jackelyn A. , Hofmann Jennifer J. , Zovein Ann C. , Lane Timothy F. , Iruela‐Arispe M. Luisa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo introduce temporal control in genetic experiments targeting the endothelium, we established a mouse line expressing tamoxifen‐inducible Cre‐recombinase (Cre‐ERT2) under the regulation of the vascular endothelial cadherin promoter (VECad). Specificity and efficiency of Cre activity was documented by crossing VECad‐Cre‐ERT2 with the ROSA26R reporter mouse, in which a floxed‐stop cassette has been placed upstream of the β‐galactosidase gene. We found that tamoxifen specifically induced widespread recombination in the endothelium of embryonic, neonatal, and adult tissues. Recombination was also documented in tumor‐associated vascular beds and in postnatal angiogenesis assays. Furthermore, injection of tamoxifen in adult animals resulted in negligible excision (lower than 0.4%) in the hematopoietic lineage. The VECad‐Cre‐ERT2 mouse is likely to be a valuable tool to study the function of genes involved in vascular development, homeostasis, and in complex processes involving neoangiogenesis, such as tumor growth. Developmental Dynamics 235:3413–3422, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
μ‐Coordination Chemistry of NO Ligands: Adducts of trans‐Mo(dmpe)2(Cl)(NO) with Lithium Salts
Authors: Liang Fupei , Schmalle Helmut W. , Berke Heinz 
Published: October 2006

AbstractReaction of trans‐Mo(dmpe)2(Cl)(NO) (1) [dmpe = bis(dimethylphosphanyl)ethane] with lithium triethylborohydride and lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide affords the adducts [Mo(dmpe)2(Cl)(NO)(LiHBEt3)]n (2) and {Mo(dmpe)2(Cl)(NO)[LiN(SiMe3)2]2}n (3), respectively, and the reaction of 1 with n‐butyllithium and iodomethane generates the complex [Mo(dmpe)2(Cl)(NO)]3(LiI)2 (4). Complexes 2–4 have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The structure of 2 shows an infinite one‐dimensional “zigzag” chain constructed from an alternating arrangement of Mo(dmpe)2(Cl)(NO) and LiHBEt3 moieties, whereas the structure of 3 exhibits an infinite linear chain generated by the alternating arrangement of the Mo(dmpe)2(Cl)(NO) moiety and the dimeric [LiN(SiMe3)2]2 unit. In both compounds, the Mo(dmpe)2(Cl)(NO) moieties act as bridging ligands by coordination of the nitrosyl oxygen atom and the chlorine atom to the lithium ions. Complex 4 displays a discrete structure formed by two separate monomeric LiI units that are bridged by the nitrosyl oxygen atoms of three Mo(dmpe)2(Cl)(NO) moieties. The chlorine atoms of 4 are not involved in coordination. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Dissociation of the P=C Ylidic Bond
Authors: Shevchenko Igor , Rogalyov Alexey , Rozhenko Alexander B. , Röschenthaler Gerd‐Volker 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe phosphorus ylides RPh2P=C(Mes)N=C(CF3)2 [R = Ph, Ph2P(O)CH2] in solution undergo reversible dissociation of the P=C ylidic bond to give phosphanes RPh2P and the carbene MesC(:)N=C(CF3)2. The latter can be trapped as its mesomeric nitrile ylide by treatment with cyclohexene or phenyl isocyanate to give cyclic addition products. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Redox Chemistry of a Dimanganese(II,III) Complex with an Unsymmetric Ligand: Water Binding, Deprotonation and Accumulative Light‐Induced Oxidation
Authors: Anderlund Magnus F. , Högblom Joakim , Shi Wei , Huang Ping , Eriksson Lars , Weihe Högni , Styring Stenbjörn , Åkermark Björn , Lomoth Reiner , Magnuson Ann 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA dinuclear manganese complex {[Mn2II,IIIL(μ‐OAc)2]ClO4} has been synthesised, where L is the dianion of 2‐{[bis(pyrid‐2‐ylmethyl)amino]methyl}‐6‐{[(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzyl)(pyrid‐2‐ylmethyl)amino]methyl}‐4‐methylphenol, an unsymmetric binucleating ligand with two coordinating phenol groups. The two manganese ions, with a Mn–Mn distance of 3.498 Å, are bridged by the two bidentate acetate ligands and the 4‐methylphenolate group of the ligand, resulting in a N3O3 and N2O4 donor set of MnII and MnIII, respectively. Electrochemically [Mn2II,IIIL(μ‐OAc)2]+ is reduced to [Mn2II,IIL(μ‐OAc)2] at E1/2(1) = –0.53 V versusFc+/0 and oxidised to [Mn2III,IIIL(μ‐OAc)2]2+ at E1/2(2) = 0.38 V versus Fc+/0. All three redox states have been characterised by EPR, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Subsequent oxidation of [Mn2II,IIIL(μ‐OAc)2]2+ [E1/2(3) = 0.75 V vs. Fc+/0] in dry acetonitrile results in an unstable primary product with a lifetime of about 100 ms. At high scan rates quasireversible voltammetric behaviour is found for all three electrode processes, with particularly slow electron transfer for the II,III/II,II [k°(1) = 0.002 cm s–1] and III,III/II,III [k°(2) = 0.005 cm s–1] couples, which can be rationalised in terms of major distortions of the MnIII centres. In aqueous media the bridging acetates are replaced by water‐derived ligands. Deprotonation of these stabilises higher valence states, and photo‐induced oxidation of the manganese complex results in a Mn2III,IVLcomplex with oxo or hydroxo bridging ligands, which isfurther oxidised to an EPR‐silent product. These results demonstrate that a larger number of metal‐centred oxidations can be compressed in a narrow potential range if build up of charge is avoided by charge‐compensating reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
New Chiral Ferrocene‐Bridged Phosphole–Phosphane Ligands
Authors: Guadalupe Lopez Cortes Jose , Ramon Olivier , Vincendeau Sandrine , Serra Daniel , Lamy Franck , Daran Jean‐Claude , Manoury Eric , Gouygou Maryse 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA convenient synthesis of new chiral ferrocenene‐bridged phosphole–phosphane ligands in an enantiomerically pure form has been developed. These new chiral P,P ligands have been tested in a palladium‐catalysed allylic substitution reaction. High activities and moderate enantioselectivities (up to 61 %) were observed. A palladium(II) complex has been isolated and its crystal structure established. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Functionalized Phenanthridine and Dibenzopyranone Derivatives through Benzyne Cyclization – Application to the Total Syntheses of Trisphaeridine and N‐Methylcrinasiadine
Authors: Sanz Roberto , Fernández Yolanda , Castroviejo M. Pilar , Pérez Antonio , Fañanás Francisco J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of regioselectively functionalized benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones, phenanthridinones, and phenanthridine derivatives have been prepared by an anionic cyclization and in situ oxidation sequence starting from 2‐bromobenzyl‐2‐fluorophenyl ethers and amines. These processes involve the generation of a benzyne‐tethered aryllithium intermediate and subsequent 6‐exo‐dig cyclization. By applying this methodology to the appropriate starting materials, short and efficient syntheses of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids trisphaeridine and N‐methylcrinasiadine have been achieved in good overall yields. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Diastereoselective Synthesis of ‐Hydroxy Sulfoxides: Enzymatic and Biomimetic Approaches
Authors: Colonna Stefano , Pironti Vincenza , Zambianchi Francesca , Ottolina Gianluca , Gaggero Nicoletta , Celentano Giuseppe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStereoselectivities of up to 98 % have been found in the enzymatic synthesis of β‐hydroxy sulfoxides catalyzed by cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO). The diastereoselectivity of the “one‐pot” preparation of the title compounds in the presence of bovine serum albumin has also been investigated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Vitamin E Metabolites: Synthesis of [D2]‐ and [D3]‐γ‐CEHC
Authors: Mazzini Francesco , Galli Francesco , Salvadori Piero 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDeuterated analogues of α‐ and γ‐CEHC, main urinary and plasma metabolites of vitamin E, can be traced and accurately determined quantitatively by MS in complex matrices. In that regard, here we report the first synthesis ofrac‐[D3]‐γ‐CEHC together with a simple route to 7a,8a‐[D2]‐γ‐CEHC through the set up of efficient procedures for the preparation of the corresponding deuterated hydroquinone building blocks. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Effect of surface modification of siliconeon Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and colonization
Authors: Tang Haiying , Cao Ting , Wang Anfeng , Liang Xuemei , Salley Steven O. , McAllister James P. , Ng K.Y. Simon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus are generally made of silicone rubber. The growth of bacterial colonies on the silicone surface leads to frequent CSF shunt complications. A systematic study of the effect of the surface modification of silicone on Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion and colonization was performed for different incubation times by means of colony counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Silicone was modified with different biopolymers and silanes, including heparin, hyaluronan, octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), and fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) to provide a stable and biocompatible surface with different surface functional groups and degrees of hydrophobicity. The modified silicone surfaces were studied by using contact angle measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). After 4 and 8 h of incubation, the FAS‐ and OTS‐coated silicone and the hyaluronan coated OTS/silicone surfaces showed significantly reduced bacterial adhesion and colonization compared to blank silicone by both quantification methods. However, the heparin coated OTS/silicone showed significantly increased bacterial adhesion. These results indicate that the nature of the surface functional group and surface roughness determine the extent of bacterial adhesion and colonization. However, the degree of hydrophobicity of the surface did not appear to play a determining role in bacterial adhesion and colonization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Protein adsorption on polyurethane catheters modified with a novel antithrombin‐heparin covalent complex
Authors: Du Ying Jun , Brash John L. , McClung Glen , Berry Leslie R. , Klement Petr , Chan Anthony K.C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHighly anticoagulant covalent antithrombin‐heparin complex (ATH) was covalently grafted onto polyurethane catheters to suppress adsorption/activation of procoagulant proteins and enhance adsorption/activation of anticoagulant proteins for blood compatibility. Consistency of catheter coating was demonstrated using immunohistochemical visualization of ATH. The ability of the resulting immobilized ATH heparin chains to bind antithrombin (AT) from plasma, as measured by binding of 125I‐radiolabeled AT, was greater than that for commercially‐available heparin‐coated catheters, and much greater than for uncoated catheters. Complementary measurements of antifactor Xa (FXa) activity and plasma protein binding were also performed. Both ATH‐coated and heparin‐coated catheters demonstrated functional binding of exogenous AT. However, the ATH‐coated catheters gave a trend towards elevated anti‐ FXa activities/AT binding ratios, consistent with the higher active pentasaccharide content in starting ATH. Western blot analysis of proteins adsorbed to catheters after incubation with rabbit plasma established protein binding profiles that showed AT and albumin as major plasma proteins adsorbed to ATH‐coated catheters, while AT and altered forms of fibrinogen were major plasma protein species adsorbed to heparinized catheters. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Injectable hyaluronic acid microhydrogels for controlled release formulation of erythropoietin
Authors: Hahn Sei Kwang , Kim Ji Seok , Shimobouji Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) microhydrogel was successfully developed as a novel drug carrier for controlled release formulation of protein drugs. HA hydrogels were prepared by the disulfide bond formation of thiolated HA (HA‐SH). EPO was loaded in situ during HA‐SH hydrogel preparation using an accelerating agent of sodium tetrathionate. The gelation time was drastically reduced from a day to 30 min when sodium tetrathionate was added for HA‐SH hydrogel preparation. In vitro release of EPO in PBS at 37°C showed that EPO was rapidly released for 3 days with an initial burst and then slowly up to 9 days from HA‐SH hydrogels. HA‐SH microhydrogels were prepared by the reactive spray drying of diluted HA‐SH precursor solution. The mean particle size was ∼2.3 μm and the water content after spray drying was ∼14%. Ellman's test showed that sodium tetrathionate contributed not only for rapid crosslinking reaction but also for the reduction of residual free thiol content in HA‐SH microhydrogels after spray drying. EPO recovery from HA‐SH microhydrogels after degradation with hyaluronidase SD was higher than 95%. The released EPO appeared to be intact from the analysis with RP‐HPLC. According to in vivo release test of EPO from HA‐SH microhydrogels in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, elevated plasma concentration of EPO higher than 0.1 ng/mL, which is a critical minimal concentration for EPO efficacy, was maintained up to 7 days. There was no adverse effect during and after the in vivo tests. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
A degree sum condition for longest cycles in 3‐connected graphs
Authors: Yamashita Tomoki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor a graph G, we denote by dG(x) and κ(G) the degree of a vertex x in G and the connectivity of G, respectively. In this article, we show that if G is a 3‐connected graph of order n such that dG(x) + dG(y) + dG(z) ≥ d for every independent set {x, y, z}, then G contains a cycle of length at least min{d − κ(G), n}. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 54: 277–283, 2007
Kinetic and mechanistic study on the thermal reactivity of stabilized phosphorus ylides, part 3: [(Acetyl)(arylcarbamoyl)methylene]triphenylphosphoranes and [(alkoxycarbonyl)(arylcarbamoyl)methylene]triphenylphosphoranes and their thiocarbamoyl analogues
Authors: Aitken R. Alan , Al‐Awadi Nouria A. , Dawson Graham , El‐Dusouqui Osman , Kaul Kamini , Kumar Ajith 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of five [(acetyl)(arylcarbabmoyl)methylene]triphenyl‐phosphoranes 1a–e and their thiocarbamoyl analogues 2a–e, [(alkoxycarbonyl)(arylcarbamoyl)methylene]triphenylphosphoranes 3a–e and their thiocarbamoyl analogues 4a–e were prepared and fully characterized. All ylides are found under conditions of flash vacuum pyrolysis to fragment giving arylisocyanate or isothiocyanate and acetyl ylides or alkoxy ylides which undergo thermal extrusion of Ph3PO. A kinetic study shows that these reactions are unimolecular and are of first‐order nature with no significant substituent effect. The thiocarbamoyl ylides 2 react from 4.6 to 42 times faster than their carbamoyl ylides 1, while the thiocarbamoyl ylides 4 react from 6.6 to 20.9 times faster than their carbamoyl ylides 3. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 6–16, 2007
A framework for network quality monitoring in the VoIP environment
Authors: de Lima Ana Flàvia M. , de Carvalho Leandro S. G. , de Souza José Neuman , de Souza Mota Edjair 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMonitoring speech quality in Voice over IP (VoIP) networks is important to ensure a minimal acceptable level of speech quality for IP calls running through a managed network. Information such as packet loss, codec type, jitter, end‐to‐end delay and overall speech quality enables the network manager to verify and accurately tune parameters in order to adjust network problems. The present article proposes the deployment of a monitoring architecture that collects, stores and displays speech quality information about concluded voice calls. This architecture is based on our proposed MIB (Management Information Base) VOIPQOS, deployed for speech quality monitoring purposes. Currently, the architecture is totally implemented, but under adjustment and validation tests. In the future, the VOIPQOS MIB can be expanded to automatically analyze collected data and control VoIP clients and network parameters for tuning the overall speech quality of ongoing calls. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.