bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The finite dam II
Authors: Roes P. B. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA weir of capacity K is considered in which the water inflow is a process with stationary independent increments. Unless the weir is empty, there is a continuous release of water at unit rate; if K is finite the weir may become full in which case the excess water overflows instantaneously. A weir for which K is infinite will be referred to as infinite dam. For the latter the transient behaviour is well known if the input possesses a second moment (cf. e.g., Prabhu [7]) and serves as the starting point for the present paper. This result is first extended to yield the Laplace transform (L.T.) of the trivariate Laplace-Stieltjes transform (L.S.T.) of the content v(t) at time t, the input X(t) in (0, t) and the total time d(t) in the interval (0, t) during which the dam is dry. (Incidentally, the last two quantities, for relevant time intervals, will be carried throughout.) Then we use a relation between the latter and the L.S.T. of the expected number of downward level y crossings of the v(t) process established in Roes [9]. Since the dam processes considered are Markov processes, we have therewith the L.S.T. of the renewal function of the renewal process imbedded at level y. From this, one finds the L.S.T.'s of first entrance and taboo first entrance times (for their definition see introduction). Next we calculate the first skip times for the infinite dam from the first entrance times and the L.T. of the L.S.T. of v(t). It is then a routine matter to determine the taboo first skip times. From the (taboo) first entrance and skip times we derive the first entrance times for the finite dam, which in turn lead to the renewal functions of the renewal processes imbedded in the finite dam content process v*(t) and hence to the transient behaviour of the finite dam.The advantage of the present approach over the one given in Roes [8] is that it is entirely probabilistic and avoids involved analytic arguments. As a result, the question of uniqueness of the solution does not arise, while more insight is obtained in the structure. The L.S.T. of several first entrance times and first skip times have been derived by Cohen [2] for compound Poisson input.
Analytic characterization of the optimal control of a queueing system
Authors: Zacks S. , Yadin M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a recent paper [7] the authors studied the optimal control policy of the following queueing system. Customers arrive at a service station according to a time homogeneous Poisson process with a known arrival intensity, λ. The service time at the station is a random variable having a negative exponential distribution with intensity μ, which is under control and can be varied over a certain range, according to the management policy.
Equilibrium distributions for systems of chemical reactions with applications to the theory of molecular adsorption
Authors: Orriss J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn this paper a stochastic model is set up for a certain type of reversible chemical reaction and a solution given for the equilibrium distribution; this solution is then extended to deal with any system of chemical reactions.Three different types of reaction are considered:(1) Several substances Ai react together and give a set of substances Bj. The reaction is reversible, with the substances Ai appearing only on one side of the reaction equation and the substances Bj only on the other.(2) Several different reactions involving the substances Ai and Bj take place simultaneously, but in each reaction equation the substances Ai can appear only on one side and the Bj only on the other.(3) The restriction of the sets Ai and Bj to different sides of the reaction equations is removed: any reaction involving any of the substances Aiand Bj on either side of the equation is permissible.The paper concludes with some applications of the results to problems of molecular adsorption.
On a Markovian queue with weakly correlated interarrival times
Authors: Latouche Guy 
Published: April 2006

A queueing system with exponential service and correlated arrivals is analysed. Each interarrival time is exponentially distributed. The parameter of the interarrival time distribution depends on the parameter for the preceding arrival, according to a Markov chain. The parameters of the interarrival time distributions are chosen to be equal to a common value plus a factor ofε, where ε is a small number. Successive arrivals are then weakly correlated.The stability condition is found and it is shown that the system has a stationary probability vector of matrix-geometric form. Furthermore, it is shown that the stationary probabilities for the number of customers in the system, are analytic functions ofε, for sufficiently smallε, and depend more on the variability in the interarrival time distribution, than on the correlations.
On the maximum and absorption time of left-continuous random walk
Authors: Pakes Anthony G. 
Published: April 2006

In a recent paper Green (1976) obtained some conditional limit theorems for the absorption time of left-continuous random walk. His methods require that in the driftless case the increment distribution has exponentially decreasing tails and that the same is true for a transformed distribution in the case of negative drift.Here we take a different approach which will produce Green's results under minimal conditions. Limit theorems are given for the maximum as the initial position of the random walk tends to infinity.
On the comparison of point processes
Authors: Deng Y. L. 
Published: April 2006

Several different orderings for the comparison of point processes have been introduced and their relationships discussed in Whitt [9], Daley [2] and Deng [4]. It is of some interest to know whether these orderings, in general, are preserved under various operations on point processes. Some results concerning limit operations were given in Deng [4].In the present paper, we first further introduce some convex and concave orderings for counting processes, and survey the relationships among all orderings mentioned in [9], [4] and this paper. Then we focus our attention on the study of the conditions for the preservation of orderings under the operations of superposition, thinning, shift, and random change of time.
The impact of the composition of the customer base in general queueing models
Authors: Federgruen A. , Groenevelt H. 
Published: April 2006

We consider general queueing models dealing with multiple classes of customers and address the question under what conditions and in what (stochastic) sense the marginal increase in various performance measures, resulting from the addition of a new class of customers to an existing system, is larger than if the same class were added to a system dealing with only a subset of its current customer base.Our results enhance our understanding of the dependence of various performance measures with respect to the composition of the customer base. In addition they translate readily into convexity results in an (appropriately defined) arrival rate.
Polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor, osteopontin, insulin‐like growth factor 1 and insulin, and their associations with bone, egg and growth traits in a layer – broiler cross in chickens
Authors: Bennett A. K. , Hester P. Y. , Spurlock D. E. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBone strength traits in chickens are gaining importance due to economic losses and welfare concerns associated with bone fractures and other abnormalities. A chicken F2 resource population was generated from layer and broiler genetic lines, and traits relating to bone strength, egg production, egg quality and growth rate were measured in approximately 500 F2 hens. Four biological candidate genes (vitamin D receptor, VDR; insulin, INS; insulin‐like growth factor 1, IGF1; and osteopontin, SPP1) were selected for investigation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified for each candidate gene by comparing sequences between grandparent lines. Polymerase chain reaction restriction‐fragment length polymorphism or SNaPshot assays were developed to genotype the F2 population and to evaluate associations between each SNP genotype and multiple phenotypes. Significant associations (P < 0.0125) were found between VDR and bone mineral content of the humerus at 35 weeks of age; between IGF1 and SPP1 and 5‐week body weight; and between INS and 55‐week body weight.
An assessment of interrater reliability of the ASA physical status classification in pediatric surgical patients
Authors: JACQUELINE RAGHEB , MALVIYA SHOBHA , BURKE CONSTANCE , REYNOLDS PAUL 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground:  The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA‐PS) is used worldwide by anesthesia providers as an assessment of the preoperative physical status of patients. This assessment score has been inconsistently assigned by anesthesia providers among adult surgical patients. This study tested the reliability of assignment of ASA‐PS classification among pediatric anesthesia providers.Methods:  A postal questionnaire was sent to a randomly selected sample of full members of the Society of Pediatric Anesthesiologists. Participants were asked to assign ASA‐PS for 10 clinical case scenarios chosen from regular pediatric surgical cases at the investigators’ institution.Results:  The response rate to our mailing was 54%. There was a moderate overall agreement among pediatric anesthesia providers in assigning ASA‐PS for pediatric surgical patients (exact agreement 40.5–78.6%; κ = 0.479). Exact agreement improved for combined ASA classifications of I and II (83%), and III and IV (95%).Conclusion:  These findings suggest a moderate agreement among pediatric anesthesia providers in assigning ASA‐PS classification to selected pediatric case scenarios. Most disagreement, however, represented a tendency of outside care providers to assign a higher ASA physical status for cases. Furthermore, agreement was excellent for low risk (i.e. ASA I and II) as well as high risk (ASA III and IV) cases.
Treatment costs and clinical outcome for first episode schizophrenia patients: a 3‐year follow‐up of the Swedish ‘Parachute Project’ and Two Comparison Groups
Authors: Cullberg J. , Mattsson M. , Levander S. , Holmqvist R. , Tomsmark L. , Elingfors C. , Wieselgren I.‐M. 
Published: April 2006

Objective:  To evaluate ‘need‐specific treatment’ of first episode schizophrenia syndrome patients.Method:  Sixty‐one consecutive first episode schizophrenia syndrome patients were followed over 3 years. They were compared with a Historical ‘treatment as usual’ group (n = 41) and a Prospective group from a high quality social and biological psychiatry centre (n = 25).Results:  Symptomatic and functional outcome was significantly better compared with the Historical group and equal with the Prospective group. During the first year, the direct costs for in‐ and out‐patient care per patient in the Parachute project were less than half of those in the Prospective group.Conclusion:  The study confirms the feasibility, clinically and economically, with a large scale application of ‘need‐specific treatments’ for first episode psychotic patients.
Towards a Global Ecology of theFin de Siècle
Authors: Gagnier Regenia , Delveaux Martin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis article situates theFin de siècleand literary Decadence – usually treated as a forerunner of European or Transatlantic literary modernism – in a global context, drawing on research in other fields, such as economics, demography and climatology. Beginning with an historical definition of Decadence as when the individuation of parts led to the disintegration of the whole, it locates the socialist‐aesthetes, feminists and ecologists in a global context of drought and famine; critiques Western notions of Progress from the reorientations of our contemporary political economy; and maps some recent research in world literatures and cultures that begins to redress the insular perspective.
Maimonidean Ethics Revisited: Development and Asceticism in Maimonides?
Authors: Parens Joshua 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMost recent interpreters of Maimonides argue that his ethical views develop from support of the mean in Eight Chapters to support of asceticism in "Laws Concerning Character Traits" and the Guide. This article challenges that interpretation: first, through a reconsideration of Aristotle's views on the mean and the relation of the ethically virtuous life to the contemplative life, and, second, through a reconsideration of Maimonides' texts. One riddle recommends we not jump to conclusions about Maimonides' views: In Eight Chapters he appears to advocate the mean, on the basis of Aristotelian sources. In the Guide he ascribes his most ascetic recommendations to Aristotle.
Do spermathecal morphology and inter-mating interval influence paternity in the polyandrous beetle Tribolium castaneum?
Authors: Arnaud Ludovic , Bernasconi Giorgina , Brostaux Yves , Meyer Eric P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn polyandrous insects, postcopulatory sexual selection is a pervasive evolutionary force favouring male and female traits that allow control of offspring paternity. Males may influence paternity through adaptations for sperm competition, and females through adaptations facilitating cryptic female choice. Yet, the mechanisms are often complex, involving behaviour, physiology or morphology, and they are difficult to identify. In red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum), paternity varies widely, and evidence suggests that both male and female traits influence the outcome of sperm competition. To test the role of spermathecal morphology and of sperm storage processes on the outcome of sperm competition, we mated each of 26 virgin females with two males, one of which carrying a phenotypic marker to assign offspring paternity. We manipulated the interval between mating with the first and the second male, to create different conditions of sperm storage (overlapping and non-overlapping) in the female reproductive tract. To investigate the role of sperm storage more closely, we examined the relationship between paternity and spermathecal morphology in a subset of 14 experimental females. In addition, we also characterized variation in spermathecal morphology in three different strains, wildtype, Chicago black and Reindeer. No significant influence of the intermating interval was found on the paternity of the focal male, although the direction of the difference was in the expected direction of higher last male paternity for longer intervals. Moreover, paternity was not significantly associated with spermathecal morphology, although spermathecal volume, complexity, and tubule width varied significantly and substantially among individuals in all investigated strains.
Using past behaviour and spontaneous implementation intentions to enhance the utility of the theory of planned behaviour in predicting exercise
Authors: Brickell Tracey A. , Chatzisarantis Nikos L. D. , Pretty Grace M. 
Published: April 2006

Objectives. This study examined the utility of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), past behaviour, and spontaneous implementation intentions in predicting exercise behaviour. The psychological correlates of spontaneous implementation intentions and the moderating effects of intention, perceived behavioural control, past behaviour, and implementation intentions at various time points were also examined.Design. Data collection occurred over three phases with a 2‐ and 3‐week interval. The attrition rate was 35.97% leaving a total of 162 participants (63 males, 99 females). In the first wave, participants completed measures of TPB, spontaneous implementation intentions, and past behaviour. Behaviour was assessed in the second and third waves, and a follow‐up measure of spontaneous implementation intentions was completed in Phase 3.Results. Several regression analyses were conducted. Attitude towards exercise and perceived behavioural control made a significant contribution to the prediction of intention. Intention made a significant contribution to the prediction of implementation intentions. Spontaneous implementation intentions reduced the effect of intention and past behaviour for behaviour at 2 weeks and when indexed over a 5‐week period. When behaviour was measured for a 3‐week period (following an initial 2‐week period), the variance that intention and past behaviour accounted for in exercise behaviour decreased, and spontaneous implementation intentions were no longer a significant predictor of behaviour. Spontaneous implementation intentions were found to interact with past behaviour, such that implementation intentions predicted exercise behaviour only among participants who did not exercise frequently in the past.Conclusions. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
A randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation for pregnant women to test the effect of a transtheoretical model‐based intervention on movement in stage and interaction with baseline stage
Authors: Aveyard Paul , Lawrence Terry , Cheng K. K. , Griffin Carl , Croghan Emma , Johnson Carol 
Published: April 2006

Objectives. To examine whether, as predicted by the transtheoretical model (TTM), stage‐matched interventions will be more effective than stage‐mismatched interventions.Design. Randomized controlled trial of smoking cessation advice to pregnant smokers.Methods. Pregnant women currently smoking at 12 weeks gestation were enrolled in a pragmatic three‐arm trial of TTM‐based interventions to help them stop smoking. One arm constituted standard midwifery advice and a self‐help leaflet on stopping smoking, which is generally appropriate for women in preparation. Two arms were TTM‐based. Differences in positive movement in stage towards quitting from enrolment to 30 weeks gestation and 10 days post‐partum were calculated for each arm of the trial. We then examined whether, as predicted from the TTM, the relative benefit of the TTM‐based intervention was greater for women in precontemplation and contemplation, for whom the control intervention was stage‐mismatched, than for women in preparation, for whom the control intervention was stage‐matched.Results. Women in the TTM‐based arms were statistically significantly more likely to move forward in stage than were women in the control arm. Contrary to the TTM‐derived hypothesis, the greater relative benefit of the TTM‐based intervention was seen for women in preparation stage at baseline, rather than women in precontemplation and contemplation.Conclusions. The TTM‐based intervention was more effective in stage movement, but this could be due to its greater intensity. The failure to confirm that stage‐matching was important casts doubt on the validity of the TTM in explaining smoking cessation behaviour in pregnancy.
ON THE TYPIFICATION OF DOLIOSTROBUS, AN EXTINCT CONIFEROUS GENUS
Authors: Bužek Č. , Holý F. , Kvacek Z. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDoliostrohus Marion should be separated from the apparently heterogenous form‐genus Araucarites Presl. In keeping with palaeobotanical practice the latter should be retained for uncertain araucarioid remains. Doliostrobus, on the other hand, should be considered as a distinct, fairly natural taxon of generic rank with the type species D. sternbergii (Corda) Marion sensu Marion.
SYSTEMATIC CATEGORIES FOR CULTIVATED PLANTS
Authors: Jeffrey C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThough there is no absolute distinction between the systematics of wild and cultivated plants, cultivated plants in general do differ in many respects from typical wild species. These differences are considered and their implications for the systematics of cultivated plants are discussed. It is concluded that while formal botanical categories can successfully accomodate both wild and cultivated plants down to the species level (i.e. the level of the binomial), they are inapplicable to the infraspecific levels of the systematics of cultivated plants. A flexible hierarchal system based on grouping of cultivars is proposed as a practical alternative.
A NOTE ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF SOME UPPER CRETACEOUS AND EOCENE DINOFLAGELLATE TAXA
Authors: Clarke Robin F. A. , Davey Roger J. , Sarjeant William A. S. , Verdier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2006

Introduction and summaryIn December 1966, several new taxa from the Cenomanian of England were validly published and named as part of larger study on Mesozoic and Cainozoic dinoflagellate cysts (papers by Davey, Downie, Sarjeant and Williams in Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., Supplement 3, 1966). A subsequent publication on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from the Chalk of the Isle of Wight, England (Clarke and Verdier, 1967) included independent descriptions of these same taxa under different names: these latter names are junior synonyms and must be rejected, under Article 57 of the “International Code of Botanical Nomenclature”. These names are here listed.
MÖGLICHKEITEN EINER REGELGEMÄSSEN STABILISIERUNG DER NOMENKLATUR KARBONISCHER PFLANZEN III
Authors: Vogellehner Dieter 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe following proposals for stabilization of the nomenclature of Carboniferous plants are made:

Conservation of the generic name Sigillaria Brongniart (1822), taxonomic synonym of Rhytidolepis Sternberg (1822), and Euphorbites Martius (1822).
Citation of the generic name Sigillariostrobus as follows: Sigillariostrobus Schimper (1870) ex Feistmantel (1871). Type‐species: S. goldenbergii Feistmantel (1876) ex Zeiller (1884).
The nomenclature of Sigilhriostrobus is very confused. If the rules are strictly applied, the name Sigilhriostrobus Schimper (1870) is not validly published (unitary designation). Valid publication dates from 1871 (Feistmantel) or 1873 (Geinitz). The type‐species of these authors, S. cordai and S. bifidus, must be transferred to other genera (Sporangiostrobus, Gomphostrobus). The name Sigillariostrobus used by subsequent authors (e.g. Grand'Eury, Zeiller) for species such as S. goldenbergii is, therefore, illegitimate.The species S. goldenbergii proposed as new type‐species is described by Schimper (1870) but not designated as “species” (Feistmantel 1876: nomen provisorium, Zeiller 1884: valid publication). Nevertheless, the citation of S. goldenbergii as type‐species seems to be the most reasonable solution of this problem. It would also be possible to reinstate the name Sigillariostrobus for Sporangiostrobus or Gomphostrobus. The species described by most subsequent authors under Sigillariostrobus must then be renamed. This solution, however, is not acceptable because it throws “science into confusion” (Code, Preamble).
ON CRISTELLA
Authors: Donk M. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe type of Cristella is that one of the (unnamed) species from which the generic description was drawn up, and which Patouillard indicated merely as “Crist, cristata.” It is known from Patouillard's subsequent work that the species indicated by this nomen nudum belongs to the (holobasidious) Corticiaceae. Selecting a (heterobasidious) tremellaceous fungus as type of Cristella is incorrect because it conflicts with the protologue of Cristella Pat.
PATTERNS OF PARALLEL EVOLUTION OF LEAF FORM IN NEW WORLD OAKS
Authors: Tucker J. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySeveral cases are cited from the literature of misinterpretation of taxonomic relationships, where distantly related species of Quercus exhibit parallelism in leaf form. This paper presents a number of other examples in which species belonging to different subgenera are remarkably similar in gross leaf morphology. In each such example, the two species occur in very similar habitats, and actually co‐exist in some areas. It is assumed that their similarities are adaptive, and in two of the more extreme examples speculations are advanced as to what the adaptive significance may be.