bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic AMP‐dependent proteolysis of GATA‐6 expressed on the intracellular membrane
Authors: Tsuge Takeshi , Uetani Kae , Sato Ryuichiro , Ohashi‐Kobayashi Ayako , Maeda Masatomo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCyclic AMP‐dependent proteolysis of GATA‐6 was characterized by fusing GATA‐6 with the carboxyl‐terminal membrane domain of SREBP‐2. When the fusion protein was stably expressed in CHO‐K1 cells, it was recovered in the ER membrane. This protein was processed in a similar manner to SREBP‐2 upon cholesterol starvation, and the GATA‐6 moiety moved into the nucleus. The GATA‐6 moiety on the membrane became undetectable in the presence of dbcAMP or cholera toxin. However, H‐89, K‐252a, MG115 and lactacystin inhibited this decrease, suggesting that the cytoplasmic GATA‐6 moiety of the fusion protein was degraded by proteasomes though A‐kinase upon elevation of the cellular cAMP concentration.
Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell line MG‐63 via down‐regulation of PI3K/Akt
Authors: Liu Bing , Shi Zhong‐li , Feng Jie , Tao Hui‐min 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), involved in the inhibition of apoptosis and, the potentiation of cell growth, is frequently overexpressed in human malignancies including osteosarcoma (OS). We have attempted to identify the anti‐proliferation of celecoxib, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, and the combination of celecoxib and cisplatin in MG‐63 cells, and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms involved. MG‐63 cells were treated with the combination of celecoxib and cisplatin or either agent alone for 48 h in serum‐supplemented medium. Celecoxib caused G1 phase arrest and significantly inhibited cell growth, as well as potentiating cisplatin‐induced apoptosis. The effect was dose‐dependent, and apoptotic changes such as DNA fragments and apoptotic bodies were observed. However, downregulation of COX‐2 did not occur in cells treated with celecoxib. Phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt, survivin, bcl‐2 were significantly downregulated in cells treated with the combination of celecoxib and cisplatin, and decreased survivin and bcl‐2 levels were found in cells with wortmannin, a specific PI3K inhibitor. Moreover, the decreased expressions of procaspase‐9, procaspase‐3 and cleaved PARP‐1 were detected by Western blot analysis. Therefore, celecoxib exerts its anti‐tumor activities through COX‐2‐independent mechanisms, which may be PI3K/Akt‐dependent, and survivin and bcl‐2‐related. PI3K may be at the center of the celecoxib effects, which play an essential role in the regulation of survivin and Bcl‐2.
Transcending Race? Schoolteachers and Political Militancy in Andean Peru, 1970–2000
Authors: WILSON FIONA 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUsing accounts by militant schoolteachers from a province in the central sierra of Peru, this article attempts to show how and why concepts of race and political commitment among teachers changed at three critical moments in Peruvian history: agrarian reform, mass unionisation, and Maoist insurgency. The article explores how binary representations of race as mestizo or Indian, mestizo or cholo, were both formed and challenged by the everyday experience of teachers as well as their political action. Their reactions to, and negotiation of, racial ascription are framed within three fields of power: racialised social identities, processes of state formation, and opportunities and repertoire of contestatory politics.
Néstor Kirchner, Santa Cruz, and the Hielos Continentales Controversy 1991–1999
Authors: ALLAN LAURENCE 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article traces the development of the political controversy in Argentina over the resolution of border issues between Argentina and Chile during the 1990s, examining provincial opposition to the Menem government's proposals for the Hielos Continentales zone in the far southern Andes. It argues that territorial perceptions held by Argentine opponents of the proposals, whilst highly significant, are insufficient to explain domestic opposition to the territorial accords. Instead it suggests that the sensitivity and longevity of the controversy reflected both specific territorial perceptions and anti-Menem dynamics in Argentina. Whilst the article highlights citizen opposition to government policy, it also points to the key role of Néstor Kirchner, at the time governor of the province of Santa Cruz, and subsequently Argentina's president. Kirchner's role in the decade-long controversy highlights two key factors. First, the potential utility of foreign policy issues, and particularly those centred on territory, as a resource in the domestic political environment, and, second, the fact that Kirchner's opposition itself responded at least in part to disputes within Peronism during the 1990s.
The Dilemmas of Male Consumption in Nineteenth-Century Argentina: Fashion, Consumerism, and Darwinism in Domingo Sarmiento and Juan B. Alberdi
Authors: NOVOA ADRIANA 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article explores how the relationship between luxury, consumption and gender in Argentina changed in response to the introduction of Darwinian ideas. Ideas surrounding consumerism were transformed by the 1870s, influenced by a scientific revolution that gave new meaning to gender categories. The introduction of Darwinism at a time of extreme ideological confusion about how to organise the nation only enhanced the perceived dangers about how economic changes and the expansion of markets would affect elites' ability to govern. The article focuses specifically on changing perceptions of gender and consumerism between 1830 and 1880, paying particular attention to the work of two of the most important intellectuals of the Generación del '37, Juan B. Alberdi and Domingo F. Sarmiento. By closely examining their reflections on the expansion of markets and accumulation of luxury goods, it reveals the nature of the cultural changes introduced by the Darwinian revolution.
Enganche and Exports in Chiapas, Mexico: a Comparison of Plantation Labour in the Districts of Soconusco and Palenque, 1876–1911
Authors: WASHBROOK SARAH 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article examines the internal structure and dynamics of the coffee economy in two districts of the southern Mexican state of Chiapas during the presidency of Porfirio Díaz (1876–1911). In both Palenque, in the northern highlands, and Soconusco, on the Pacific coast, production was oriented to international markets, direct foreign investment was a key aspect of coffee plantation development, and workers were recruited by the payment of wage advances (enganche), which they were then expected to pay off by labouring on coffee plantations. Yet, despite these similarities, the social relations that characterised coffee production in the two districts differed considerably. This article analyses those differences by comparing and contrasting the demographic factors, processes of land privatisation and the relationship between foreign investors, the national regime and local elites that influenced the nature and purpose of debt peonage in each district.
The Crisis of the Estado docente and the Critical Education Movement: the Escuelas Obreras Federales Racionalistas in Chile (1921–1926)
Authors: REYES-JEDLICKI LEONORA 
Published: November 2007

AbstractInspired by recent critical pedagogic and social movement theory, this article explores the cultural production of social movements in Chile at the beginning of the twentieth century. Questioning the belief that the Estado docente was the sole mechanism of social democratisation, it explores the pedagogic proposals developed by workers and their associations during what is referred to as the period of the ‘Social Question’. The article concludes by analyzing the factors which led to the demise of these alternative pedagogic experiments.
Effects of low-dose ketanserin on blood pressure variability, baroreflex sensitivity and end-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: XIE He-Hui , SHEN Fu-Ming , CAO Yong-Bing , LI Hui-Lin , SU Ding-Feng 
Published: November 2007

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of low-dose ketanserin on BPV (blood pressure variability), BRS (baroreflex sensitivity) and organ damage in SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rats). Ketanserin was mixed in rat chow at an estimated dose of 0.1 mg·kg−1 of body weight·day−1. SHR were treated for 4 months. BP (blood pressure) was then recorded continuously for 24 h in a conscious state. After determination of BRS, rats were killed for organ damage evaluation. It was found that long-term treatment with low-dose ketanserin did not lower BP levels, but significantly decreased BPV, enhanced BRS and reduced organ damage in SHR. Multiple regression analysis showed that the decrease in left ventricular hypertrophy was most closely correlated (or associated) with the increase in BRS, whereas the decrease in aortic hypertrophy was most closely associated with the decrease in diastolic BPV and the amelioration in renal lesion, with the increase in BRS and the decrease in diastolic BPV. In conclusion, low-dose ketanserin produces organ protection independently of its BP-lowering action in SHR, and this organ protection was importantly attributable to the enhancement of BRS and decrease in BPV.
Genetic variation in the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol catabolism (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) influences the progression of atherosclerosis and risk of new clinical events
Authors: HOFMAN Maaike K. , PRINCEN Hans M. G. , ZWINDERMAN Aeilko H. , JUKEMA J. Wouter 
Published: November 2007

CHD (coronary heart disease) is a complex disorder which is, in part, related to serum cholesterol levels. The rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of cholesterol into bile acids is CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase). The effect of the CYP7A1 A−278C promoter polymorphism on the progression of atherosclerosis, risk of a new clinical event and the influence of this variant on cholesterol-lowering therapy was investigated in 715 male patients with coronary atherosclerosis participating in REGRESS (Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study). Genotype distributions were as follows: 283 with AA; 330 with AC and 102 with CC. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and serum lipids between genotypes. After 2 years, CC carriers had more progression of diffuse and focal atherosclerosis compared with AA carriers, as indicated by a larger decrease in MSD (mean segment diameter; 0.09 mm compared with 0.06 mm respectively; P=0.009) and MOD (minimum obstruction diameter; 0.09 mm compared with 0.05 mm respectively; P=0.024). Inclusion of risk factors for CHD in the model showed the same trend, although not significant for MOD (P=0.01 for MSD, and P=0.06 for MOD). In addition, CC carriers had an almost 2-fold higher risk of a new clinical event compared with AA carriers [RR (95% CI) 1.93 (1.11–3.36); P=0.02; where RR is relative risk and CI is confidence interval]. Inclusion of risk factors for CHD in the model showed the same trend, although not significant [RR (95% CI), 1.74 (0.96–3.12); P=0.06]. In conclusion, we present evidence that the CC variant of the A−278C polymorphism in the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of cholesterol, CYP7A1, increases the progression of atherosclerosis and possibly the risk of a new clinical event.
Angiotensin II modulates frizzled-2 receptor expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: CASTOLDI Giovanna , REDAELLI Serena , van de GREEF Willy M. M. , di GIOIA Cira R. T. , BUSCA Giuseppe , SPERTI Giovanni , STELLA Andrea 
Published: November 2007

Ang II (angiotensin II) has multiple effects on vascular smooth muscle cells through the modulation of different classes of genes. Using the mRNA differential-display method to investigate gene expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture in response to 3 h of Ang II stimulation, we observed that Ang II down-regulated the expression of a member of the family of transmembrane receptors for Wnt proteins that was identified as Fzd2 [Fzd (frizzled)-2 receptor]. Fzds are a class of highly conserved genes playing a fundamental role in the developmental processes. In vitro, time course experiments demonstrated that Ang II induced a significant increase (P&lt;0.05) in Fzd2 expression after 30 min, whereas it caused a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05) in Fzd2 expression at 3 h. A similar rapid up-regulation after Ang II stimulation for 30 min was evident for TGFβ1 (transforming growth factor β1; P&lt;0.05). To investigate whether Ang II also modulated Fzd2 expression in vivo, exogenous Ang II was administered to Sprague–Dawley rats (200 ng·kg−1 of body weight·min−1; subcutaneously) for 1 and 4 weeks. Control rats received normal saline. After treatment, systolic blood pressure was significantly higher (P&lt;0.01), whereas plasma renin activity was suppressed (P&lt;0.01) in Ang II- compared with the saline-treated rats. Ang II administration for 1 week did not modify Fzd2 expression in aorta of Ang II-treated rats, whereas Ang II administration for 4 weeks increased Fzd2 mRNA expression (P&lt;0.05) in the tunica media of the aorta, resulting in a positive immunostaining for fibronectin at this time point. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Ang II modulates Fzd2 expression in aortic smooth muscle cells both in vitro and in vivo.
The RANTES −403G&gt;A promoter polymorphism in Korean men: association with serum RANTES concentration and coronary artery disease
Authors: Jang Yangsoo , Chae Jey Sook , Hyun Yae Jung , Koh Soo Jeong , Kim Ji Young , Ko Min Ji , Rim Se-Joong , Shin Hyun-Joon , Ordovas Jose M. , Lee Jong Ho 
Published: November 2007

In the present study we investigated the association of the RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted) −28C&gt;G and −403G&gt;A promoter polymorphisms with the concentration of serum RANTES and CAD (coronary artery disease) in Korean men. We included 553 male CAD patients with (n=176) or without (n=377) Type 2 diabetes, aged 40–65 years with previous myocardial infarction (∼50%) or angiographically confirmed CAD (∼50%), and 416 aged-matched healthy male controls. The main outcome measures were the OR (odds ratio) of CAD risk and the serum RANTES concentration evaluated by sandwich ELISA. Although the RANTES −28C&gt;G genotype had no significant association with CAD risk, the presence of the minor allele of the RANTES −403G&gt;A single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with a lower risk of CAD {OR 0.70 [95% CI (confidence interval) 0.54–0.92], P=0.011} after adjusting for age, BMI (body mass index), cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Serum RANTES concentrations were significantly associated with the −403G&gt;A genotype in controls (G/G: 44.7±3.3 ng/ml, G/A: 36.5±2.0 ng/ml, A/A: 28.7±2.5 ng/ml; P&lt;0.001), non-diabetic CAD patients (G/G: 50.9±3.0 ng/ml, G/A: 42.2±2.6 ng/ml, A/A: 41.3±4.4 ng/ml; P&lt;0.05) and diabetic CAD patients (G/G: 58.5±3.5 ng/ml, G/A: 49.6±4.1 ng/ml, A/A: 42.2±4.3 ng/ml; P&lt;0.05); however, such associations were not observed in the subgroup of CAD patients taking lipid-lowering medication. Moreover, serum RANTES was positively correlated with C-reactive protein (r=0.289, P&lt;0.001) and platelet counts (r=0.253, P&lt;0.001). The results of the present study demonstrate that the RANTES −403A allele is associated with lower serum RANTES concentrations and consequently with reduced CAD risk.
An emerging cyberinfrastructure for biodefense pathogen and pathogen–host data
Authors: Zhang C. , Crasta O. , Cammer S. , Will R. , Kenyon R. , Sullivan D. , Yu Q. , Sun W. , Jha R. , Liu D. , Xue T. , Zhang Y. , Moore M. , McGarvey P. , Huang H. , Chen Y. , Zhang J. , Mazumder R. , Wu C. , Sobral B. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The NIAID-funded Biodefense Proteomics Resource Center (RC) provides storage, dissemination, visualization and analysis capabilities for the experimental data deposited by seven Proteomics Research Centers (PRCs). The data and its publication is to support researchers working to discover candidates for the next generation of vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics against NIAID's Category A, B and C priority pathogens. The data includes transcriptional profiles, protein profiles, protein structural data and host–pathogen protein interactions, in the context of the pathogen life cycle in vivo and in vitro. The database has stored and supported host or pathogen data derived from Bacillus, Brucella, Cryptosporidium, Salmonella, SARS, Toxoplasma, Vibrio and Yersinia, human tissue libraries, and mouse macrophages. These publicly available data cover diverse data types such as mass spectrometry, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), gene expression profiles, X-ray and NMR determined protein structures and protein expression clones. The growing database covers over 23 000 unique genes/proteins from different experiments and organisms. All of the genes/proteins are annotated and integrated across experiments using UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) accession numbers. The web-interface for the database enables searching, querying and downloading at the level of experiment, group and individual gene(s)/protein(s) via UniProtKB accession numbers or protein function keywords. The system is accessible at http://www.proteomicsresource.org/.
Nonlinear vortex development in rotating flows
Authors: Hewitt R.E , Mullin T , Tavener S.J , Khan M.A.I , Treacher P.D 
Published: November 2007

We present the results of a combined experimental and numerical investigation into steady secondary vortex flows confined between two concentric right circular cylinders. When the flow is driven by the symmetric rotation of both end walls and the inner cylinder, toroidal vortex structures arise through the creation of stagnation points (in the meridional plane) at the inner bounding cylinder or on the mid-plane of symmetry. A detailed description of the flow regimes is presented, suggesting that a cascade of such vortices can be created. Experimental results are reported, which visualize some of the new states and confirm the prediction that they are stable to (mid-plane) symmetry-breaking perturbations.
We also present some brief results for the flows driven by the rotation of a single end wall. Vortex structures may also be observed at low Reynolds numbers in this geometry. We show that standard flow visualization methods lead to some interesting non-axisymmetric particle paths in this case.
Association of polymorphisms in the dopamine D4 receptor gene and the activity‐impulsivity endophenotype in dogs
Authors: Hejjas K. , Vas J. , Topal J. , Szantai E. , Ronai Z. , Szekely A. , Kubinyi E. , Horvath Z. , Sasvari‐Szekely M. , Miklosi A. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in exon 3 of the human dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) has been associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Rodents possess no analogous repeat sequence, whereas a similar tandem repeat polymorphism of the DRD4 gene was identified in dogs, horses and chimpanzees. Here, we present a genetic association study of the DRD4 VNTR and the activity‐impulsivity dimension of the recently validated dog‐ADHD Rating Scale. To avoid false positives arising from population stratification, a single breed of dogs (German shepherd) was studied. Two DRD4 alleles (referred to as 2 and 3a) were detected in this breed, and genotype frequencies were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. For modelling distinct environmental conditions, ‘pet’ and ‘police’ German shepherds were characterized. Police German shepherds possessing at least one 3a allele showed significantly higher scores in the activity‐impulsivity dimension of the dog‐ADHD Rating Scale than dogs without this allele (P = 0.0180). This difference was not significant in pet German shepherds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between a candidate gene and a behaviour trait in dogs, and it reinforces the functional role of DRD4 exon 3 polymorphism.
Mid‐Jurassic through mid‐Cretaceous extension in the Central Graben of the North Sea ‐ part 1: estimates from subsidence
Authors: Hellinger STEVEN J. , Sclater JOHN G. , Giltner JOHN 
Published: November 2007

Abstract The post early Carboniferous subsidence history of the Central North Sea basin can be separated into three major periods: Permian, Triassic and post Mid‐Jurassic. Prior efforts to account for this subsidence within an extensional framework have concentrated on the post Mid‐Jurassic. These efforts have assumed that the effects of the previous periods of extension necessary to create the Permian and Triassic subsidence are negligible. We consider the 80‐km value for the Mid‐Jurassic‐mid‐Cretaceous extension from these efforts a reasonable upper estimate of the likely amount of extension. This value has received considerable criticism as it is almost four times as great as that determined by summing the horizontal displacement (heave) on faults observed on industry seismic lines in the area.We treat the two earlier phases of extension as one phase and develop a method to estimate the maximum value of this extension. We use this value, with estimates of the total extension from the early Carboniferous to Present, to determine a likely minimum value for the mid‐Mid‐Jurassic through mid‐Cretaceous extension. After justifying the use of Airy isostasy for the loading response of the lithosphere we show that the observed unloaded basement subsidence history is compatible with the parameters we derive for the pre and post Mid‐Jurassic extension. Our minimum estimate of 38 km is still significantly higher than that: made by summing the heave on the faults active throughout the Upper Jurassic and lower Cretaceous.
Reconstructing basin evolution from sedimentary thickness; the importance of palaeobathymetric control, with reference to the North Sea
Authors: Bertram G. T. , Milton N. J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract The structural evolution of a basin cannot be reconstructed from sedimentary thicknesses alone without data on palaeobathymetry. Two classes of geological horizons, are defined, profiles and traces. Profiles are time‐lines and bound depositional units. Traces were formed at a known water depth and contain implicit palaeobathymetric data.Rock units bounded by traces are diachronous lithostratigraphic units, and the thicknesses of such units are controlled directly by subsidence, while the thicknesses of profile‐bounded units may be unaffected by the subsidence or even the palaeotopography of the basin.Dating fault movement from thickness variations in profile‐bounded units is difficult without prior knowledge of the palaeobathymetry, and it is impossible to distinguish between synsedimentary fault movement and onlap to a pre‐existing fault scarp from thickness alone.Reconstruction of the basin history of the North Sea is difficult due to the lack of trace‐bounded units in the post‐Jurassic. The validity of previously published studies depends largely on the quality and quantity of palaeobathymetric data included. An alternative basin history is proposed based on the few trace‐bounded units in the North Viking Graben. This includes rifting episodes in the Triassic and Late Jurassic, and a period of uplift in the Palaeocene.