bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial differences in doctors' information‐giving and patients' participation
Authors: Gordon Howard S. , Street Richard L. , Sharf Barbara F. , Souchek Julianne 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhether doctor‐patient communication differs by race was investigated in patients with pulmonary nodules or lung cancer.METHODSEligible patients (n = 137) had pulmonary nodules or lung cancer and were seen in thoracic surgery or oncology clinics for initial treatment recommendations at a large southern Veterans Affairs Medical Center from 2001–2004. Doctor‐patient consultations were audiotaped. Audiotapes were transcribed, unitized into utterances, and utterances were coded as doctors' information‐giving or patients' and companions' active participation (asking questions, expressing concerns, and making assertions). Data were compared by patient race and doctor‐patient racial concordance using t‐tests or chi‐square tests as appropriate. Mixed linear regression was used to determine the independent predictors of doctor's information‐giving after controlling for clustering of patients by doctor.RESULTSPatient age, gender, marital status, clinical site, and health status were similar by race (P > .20), but black patients were somewhat less likely to have education beyond high school and to bring a companion to the visit (P = .06) than white patients. Black patients and their companions received significantly less information from doctors (49.3 vs. 87.3 mean utterances; P < .001) and produced significantly fewer active participation utterances (21.4 vs. 37.2; P < .001) than white patients. In mixed regression analyses, after adjusting for patients' and companions' participation, clustering by doctor, and other factors, race no longer predicted information‐giving (P = .54). Patients in racially discordant interactions received significantly less information and were significantly less active participants (P < .001) when compared with patients in racially concordant interactions, and after controlling for patients' participation and other factors using mixed regression, racial discordance did not predict information‐giving.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate a pattern of communication that may perpetuate patient passivity and limited information exchange where black patients and patients in discordant interactions do less to prompt doctors for information and doctors in turn provide less information to these patients. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Clinical implications of the mechanism of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: Marshall John 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNovel therapeutic agents that target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) constitute an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of metastatic disease. EGFR‐targeted agents currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration include cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of colorectal cancer; and the small‐molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erlotinib for the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer. Approval of the TKI gefitinib for NSCLC recently was withdrawn. Although both classes of anti‐EGFR agents target the same receptor, substantial distinctions regarding their mechanism significantly affect dosing requirements, toxicity profiles, and their use as combination agents. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
A note on computing eigenvector derivatives with distinct and repeated eigenvalues
Authors: Wu Baisheng , Xu Zhonghai , Li Zhengguang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a new method for computing eigenvector derivatives with distinct and repeated eigenvalues for the real symmetric eigensystems is presented. Its main idea is to extend the governing equations of particular solutions for eigenvector derivatives. The extension is completed by requiring the solution to be mass orthogonal with respect to the distinct or repeated modes and adjusting the corresponding coefficients so that the coefficient matrix of the extended system is non‐singular and has smaller condition number. Numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The GDC method as an orthogonal arc‐length method
Authors: Cardoso E. L. , Fonseca J. S. O. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe method of generalized displacements (GDC) is a path‐following algorithm for non‐linear mechanics, capable to overcome both limit and snap‐back points. It was proposed as a consistent alternative to most existing techniques, such as the arc‐length family of algorithms. Although it is a reliable algorithm, it has not been as widely used as the arc‐length methods, possibly because it has been seen as belonging to a different category. This paper shows that the GDC method can be seen as an orthogonal arc‐length method, with an interesting constraint equation which leads to its appealing features. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical procedure for fluid flow in a pipe performing transverse oscillations
Authors: Ragulskis M. , Bubulis A. , Ragulskis K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNumerical procedure for the analysis of fluid flow in a tube performing transverse oscillations is developed. The formulation of the problem is presented in differential equation form and a finite element model is developed leading to the first‐order matrix differential equation. The fluid flow model incorporates transverse oscillation of the boundary through the convective inertia terms. Modal decomposition of the solution is performed and a technique for numerical solution of the finite element problem incorporating parametric vibrations is developed. Numerical results provide insight into the problem of fluid flow control by transverse vibrations of the tube. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The spectrum of thyroid disorders in adult type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Völzke Henry , Krohn Ulrike , Wallaschofski Henri , Lüdemann Jan , John Ulrich , Kerner Wolfgang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundThyroid disorders such as goiter, nodules, autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid dysfunction have rarely been investigated in adult type 1 diabetes mellitus. Our aim was to study the spectrum of thyroid disorders in adult type 1 diabetic subjects and compare them with results obtained from a sample of the general adult population.MethodsThe study population comprised 224 type 1 diabetic and 3481 non‐diabetic subjects aged 20–69 years. Thyroid function (TSH, FT3 and FT4) and serum autoantibodies to thyroperoxidase (anti‐TPO‐Ab) were evaluated from blood samples. Thyroid structure and size were measured by ultrasound.ResultsType 1 diabetic subjects had a higher risk of known thyroid disease [odds ratio (OR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–2.85], a lower risk of goiter (OR 0.73; 95%‐CI 0.54–0.99) and nodules (OR 0.54; 95%‐CI 0.35–0.85), and a higher risk of anti‐TPO‐Ab >200 IU/mL (OR 1.94; 95%‐CI 1.28–2.95) compared to the reference population. Furthermore, diabetic subjects had lower serum FT3 levels than the non‐diabetic references (adjusted mean 5.00 pmol/L; 95%‐CI 4.88–5.12 pmol/L versus 5.27 pmol/L; 95%‐CI 5.24–5.30 pmol/L).ConclusionsAdult type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with a decreased risk of goiter and nodules and an increased risk of thyroid autoimmunity. A diabetes‐related low T3 syndrome may contribute to the differences in thyroid function between type 1 diabetic and non‐diabetic subjects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclophilin A is required for M‐CSF‐dependent macrophage proliferation
Authors: Sànchez‐Tilló Ester , Wojciechowska Marta , Comalada Monica , Farrera Consol , Lloberas Jorge , Celada Antonio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe immunosuppressor sanglifehrin A (SfA) is a member of a family of immunophilin cyclophilin A‐binding molecules and does not inhibit calcineurin activity. Sanglifehrin A inhibits M‐CSF‐dependent macrophage proliferation by arresting the G1 phase of the cell cycle but does not affect cell viability. This immunosuppressor exerts its action on proliferation by inactivating cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) activity. Moreover, c‐myc expression is also repressed. In the early steps of M‐CSF signaling, SfA inhibits the phosphorylation of Raf‐1 and the external regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1, which are required for proliferation. The effects of SfA are not related to a block of the proteosome activity. These data show that immunophilin contributes to M‐CSF‐dependent proliferation through activation of the Raf‐1/MEK/ERK pathway and the regulation of Cdk activities, which is required for cell cycle progression.
TCR‐independent cytokine stimulation induces non‐MHC‐restricted T cell activity and is negatively regulated by HLA class I
Authors: von Geldern Marion , Simm Barbara , Braun Monika , Weiß Elisabeth H. , Schendel Dolores J. , Falk Christine S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that the functional status of T cells activated independently from their TCR differs substantially from classical MHC‐restricted T cells. Here, we show that TCR‐independent, short‐term stimulation via the common γ‐chain of the IL‐2/IL‐15 receptor induces non‐MHC‐restricted cytotoxicity and sustained cytokine secretion in purified CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. NK‐like cytotoxicity is directed against MHC class I‐negative targets and can be inhibited by classical and non‐classical HLA class I molecules. Known inhibitory receptors, such as CD85j (ILT2) and leukocyte‐associated Ig‐like receptor‐1, are not responsible for this HLA‐mediated inhibition. NK‐like cytotoxicity can be costimulated by NKG2D (CD314) triggering, but 2B4 (CD244) and DNAM‐1 (CD226) are not involved. NK‐like T cells display an activated phenotype and secrete various cytokines, including IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐5, IL‐13 and MIP‐1β. Under normal conditions, HLA class I‐mediated inhibition may function as a safety mechanism to prevent unbalanced cytokine production and effector killing mechanisms by T cells that were activated independently from their TCR. Non‐MHC‐restricted activity represents a functional status rather than a property of distinct T cell subpopulations. Thus, cytokine‐induced, non‐MHC‐restricted T cells may be relevant in immune responses against tumors showing aberrant MHC expression through their capacities of cytokine production and direct tumor cell eradication.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetism of a Highly Thermally Stable Microporous Metal Organodiphosphonate with Reversible Dehydration/Rehydration Behavior
Authors: Li Hua , Zhu Guang‐shan , Guo Xiao‐dan , Sun Fu‐xing , Ren Hao , Chen Yan , Qiu Shi‐lun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe synthesis and crystal structure of a novel organic–inorganic hybrid material Co2(H2O)2[O3PCH2(C6H4)CH2PO3] is described. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pca2(1) [a = 9.6214(19), b = 5.6855(11), c = 21.725(4) Å, V = 1188.4(4) Å3], which consists of two‐dimensional cobalt–oxygen inorganic layers pillared by p‐xylylenediphosphonateto form a three‐dimensional framework, which has 10.850 × 5.687 Å channels running along the b‐axis. The material is exceptionally stable, even when heated up to 500 °C in air. More interestingly, the framework components display a reversible dehydration/rehydration behavior. There is an antiferromagnetic interaction between the cobalt ions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of New Aza‐C‐disaccharides Linking 4‐Deoxy‐4‐amino‐β‐L‐erythro‐furanose to C‐2 of D‐Glucose and D‐Allose
Authors: Rodríguez García Eliazar , Brimble Margaret A. , Vogel Pierre 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe cross‐aldol condensation of N‐benzyl‐2,5‐dideoxy‐2,5‐imino‐3,4‐O‐isopropylidene‐L‐ribose with 4,6‐O‐benzylidene‐2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐erythro‐hexopyranosid‐3‐ulose (potassium enolate + HMPA) gave an aldol as the major product. DAST‐induced water elimination gave two enones that were converted into the aza‐C‐disaccharides (+)‐4 [methyl 2‐deoxy‐2‐(1,2,5‐trideoxy‐2,5‐imino‐L‐ribitol‐1C‐yl)‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside] and (+)‐5 (the α‐D‐allopyranoside analogue). Reduction of the aldol and deprotection provided aza‐C‐disaccharide (+)‐3 {methyl 2‐deoxy‐2‐[(1R or 1S)‐2,5‐dideoxy‐2,5‐imino‐L‐ribitol‐1C‐yl]‐α‐D‐allopyranoside} with a hydroxymethano linker. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A New Efficient Synthesis of Long‐Chain Di‐ and Triaminopolyols
Authors: Coste Gérald , Gerber‐Lemaire Sandrine 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of long‐chain di‐ and triaminopolyols is reported. The developed methodology is based on the functionalization of 3,3′‐methylenebis{[6‐(benzyloxy)methoxy]cyclohept‐3‐en‐1‐ol} derivatives that allows theselective introduction of amine moieties at defined positions of polyketide fragments. The versatile strategy disclosed here requires few purification steps and may generate a large panel of stereoisomers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
2‐Arylazo‐1‐vinylpyrroles: A Novel Promising Family of Reactive Dyes
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Mikhaleva Al’bina I. , Vasil’tsov Alexander M. , Zaitsev Alexey B. , Smolyanina Natalia S. , Senotrusova Elena Yu. , Afonin Andrey V. , Ushakov Igor’ A. , Petrushenko Konstantin B. , Kazheva Olga N. , Dyachenko Oleg A. , Smirnov Vladimir V. , Schmidt Alexander F. , Markova Marina V. , Morozova Ludmila V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNew reactive dyes, 2‐arylazo‐1‐vinylpyrroles, have been synthesized in 52–94 % yield by a modified azo coupling of readily accessible 1‐vinylpyrroles with arenediazonium hydrocarbonates in aqueous ethanol (≈3:1) at 0 °C. Theλmaxvalues for the UV/Vis absorption of the dyes ranges from 377.8–480.6 nm with log ϵ= 4.11–4.99, and this strongly depends on the substituent structure both in the pyrrole and the benzene ring, and is indicative of highly polarizable and tunable chromophores. X‐ray,1H NMR spectroscopic and quantum chemical studies [B3LYP/6‐311 (d,p)] show theE,anti,antiisomer of the dyes to be the most stable under normal conditions. The dyes are reversibly protonated and complex to BF3with a color change. Their copolymerization across the vinyl group affords intrinsically colored copolymers. They have also been shown to act as good ligands in the Pd‐catalyzed Heck alkene arylation. Thus, the properties of the novel dyes are promising for creating new molecular switches, memory and recording devices, acid‐base and metal sensors, as well as transition‐metal complex catalysts.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis of Tetrahydropyran‐4‐ones and Thiopyran‐4‐ones from Donor‐Substituted α‐Bromostyrene Derivatives
Authors: Rosiak Anna , Frey Wolfgang , Christoffers Jens 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTetrahydropyran‐4‐one and tetrahydrothiopyran‐4‐one derivatives with a 3‐aryl substituent were synthesized by double‐conjugate addition of water or H2S to divinyl ketones. These starting materials were prepared in two steps by conversion of lithiated α‐bromostyrene derivatives with acrolein or cinnamaldehyde and subsequent oxidation of the divinyl alcohols with MnO2. The electron‐rich α‐bromostyrene building blocks were prepared by addition of HBr to the respective alkyne under strictly anhydrous conditions, which works reliably on a multigram scale. Two routes to arylacetylenes with a specific substitution pattern have been explored; however, on a larger scale only the Corey–Fuchs sequence turned out to be feasible.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
RhII‐Catalyzed Reactions of Diazocarbonyl Compounds with Dicarboximides
Authors: Nikolaev Vsevolod V. , Heimgartner Heinz , Linden Anthony , Krylov Ivan S. , Nikolaev Valerij A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe reaction of RhII–oxocarbenoids derived from acyclic diazocarbonyl compounds with phthalimide and succinimide proceeds chemoselectively at the oxygen atom of the imidic carbonyl group, giving rise to the intermediate formation of carbonyl ylides. Intramolecular stabilization of these highly reactive species occurs in three different ways, and is controlled by the structure of the 2‐oxocarbenoids. Carbonyl ylides from diazo esters mainly experience a [1,4]‐hydrogen shift, and in this case, the corresponding O‐alkylimidates are formed as the final products. These ylides may also be stabilized by 1,3‐dipolar electrocyclization with intermediate formation of an oxirane. Carbonyl ylides with an acyl group in the carbene moiety undergo an intramolecular 1,5‐dipolar electrocyclization to produce 1,3‐dioxole derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
3,5‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl Sulfones in the Julia–Kocienski Olefination – Application to the Synthesis of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Olefins
Authors: Alonso Diego A. , Fuensanta Mónica , Nájera Carmen 
Published: August 2006

Abstract3,5‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl (BTFP) sulfones8a–dare successfully employed in the modified Julia olefination reaction with carbonyl compounds employing phosphazene base P4‐tBu at room temp. in THF, affording tri‐ and tetrasubstituted olefins in good yields. The Julia–Kocienski olefination between primary alkyl BTFP sulfones8a,band aromatic and aliphatic ketones affords the corresponding trisubstituted alkenes in good yields and low stereoselectivities. On the other hand, higher yields and stereoselectivities are obtained in the synthesis of trisubstituted olefins through the other approach, the coupling of secondary alkyl BTFP sulfones8c,dwith aliphatic, aromatic and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. For the first time, tetrasubstituted olefins are synthesized by means of the Julia–Kocienski protocol when the isopropyl BTFP sulfone8creacts with aliphatic and aromatic ketones, employing P4‐tBu as base at THF reflux. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Dyscontrol evoked by erotic and food images in women with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Rodríguez Sonia , Mata José L. , Lameiras María , Fernández M. Carmen , Vila Jaime 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe present study examined the emotional reactivity to erotic and food images of women with and without bulimia nervosa using the picture‐viewing paradigm. A non‐clinical student sample made up of 48 women, 24 diagnosed with bulimia nervosa and 24 healthy controls, aged between 18 and 27 years (M=21.79), participated in the study. Diagnosis was based on questionnaires and a structured interview following DSM‐IV criteria. Participants assessed a set of food, erotic, neutral and unpleasant pictures using the Self‐Assessment Manikin scales of valence, arousal and control. The women with bulimia nervosa rated as less pleasant the erotic and food pictures, which evoked greater dyscontrol, in comparison with the women without bulimia nervosa. No significant differences were found in the ratings for the remaining pictures. These results suggest that women with bulimia nervosa experience reduced pleasure and control over both food and sexual impulses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Assessing motivation to change in bulimia nervosa: the bulimia nervosa stages of change questionnaire
Authors: Martinez Esteve , Castro Josefina , Bigorra Aitana , Morer Astrid , Calvo Rosa , Vila Montserrat , Toro Josep , Rieger Elisabeth 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo assess motivation to change in adolescent patients with bulimia nervosa through the Bulimia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (BNSOCQ), an instrument adapted from the Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change Questionnaire (ANSOCQ) already validated in anorexic patients.MethodSubjects were 30 bulimia nervosa patients (mean age = 16.3 years) who were receiving treatment at an eating disorders unit. The evaluation instruments were: the BNSOCQ, the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI‐2) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The BNSOCQ was re‐administered 1 week later to evaluate test‐retest reliability.ResultsThe BNSOCQ demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94) and one week test‐retest reliability (Pearson's r = 0.93). Negative significant correlations were found between the BNSOCQ and several EDI‐2 scales (Pearson's r between −0.51 and −0.84) and the BDI (r = −0.74).ConclusionThe study provides initial support for the reliability and validity of the BNSOCQ as a self‐report instrument for assessing motivation to change in adolescents with bulimia nervosa. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Self‐liking and self‐competence: relationship to symptoms of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Surgenor Lois J. , Maguire Sarah , Russell Janice , Touyz Stephen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSelf‐esteem has been hypothesised to play a pivotal role in the development and treatment, and outcome of anorexia nervosa (AN). Though this relationship is typically investigated by considering self‐esteem as a unitary construct, research suggests that this comprises of two related but distinct components of self‐liking and self‐competence. This study investigates the association between self‐liking, self‐competence, and symptomatology of AN through the course of a defined treatment episode in 77 women. Self‐liking was significantly associated with laxative abuse. Self‐competence was significantly associated with elevated ineffectiveness, perfectionism and interpersonal distrust. Although self‐competence and eating disturbance severity significantly improved over the treatment episode, one in three participants reported a reduced self‐like or self‐competence. Changes in both self‐competence and self‐liking at the end of treatment was associated with changes in drive for thinness. Such findings have implications for treatment models concerned with improving self‐esteem. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The relationship between self‐discrepancies, eating disorder and depressive symptoms in women
Authors: Sawdon Ann Marie , Cooper Myra , Seabrook Rachel 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between generic self‐discrepancies, eating disorder symptoms and depressive symptoms.MethodOne hundred women volunteered to take part in the study. Each participant completed a self‐discrepancy questionnaire and questionnaires related to eating disorder and depressive symptoms.ResultsEating disorder and depressive symptoms were correlated with a number of self‐discrepancies. The relationship between eating disorder symptoms and actual: future discrepancies, but not that with actual: potential discrepancies, was explained by its link with appearance related stimuli. When the effects of depressive symptoms were controlled, only the relationship between actual: potential discrepancies and eating disorder symptom remained significant.DiscussionAt least one generic self‐discrepancy is related specifically to eating disorder rather than depressive symptoms. Implications of the findings for theory and clinical practice are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.