bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity of Southern Pine Plantations: Where Are We and How Did We Get Here?
Authors: Stanturf J.A. , Kellison R.C. , Broerman F.S. , Jones S.B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The productivity and extensiveness of southern forests in general, and pine plantations in particular, has placed the South at the forefront of production forestry in the United States. That industrial loblolly pine plantations are very productive is a result of researchers and managers developing and applying increasingly intensive silvicultural practices. Our estimates of the percentage of productivity gains attributable to improvements made in individual management practices are based on our collective experience, anecdotal information, and discussions with knowledgeable colleagues. Such informed judgments are based on potential productivity revealed by designed experiments coupled with estimates of how well technology has been implemented.
Property Taxation of Private Forests in the United States: A National Review
Authors: Hibbard C.M. , Kilgore M.A. , Ellefson P.V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Property taxation incentives are an important tool for influencing the management of the nation's private forests. In 2000, 50 states administered 66 programs that provided preferential tax treatment to forest landowners. These programs vary considerably in type, tax relief, and administration. A survey of state administrators of private forestry programs reveals that forest tax programs are only modestly conforming to standards commonly used to judge tax policy, and only modestly accomplishing the objectives for which they were created. Effective forest property tax programs should be easily understood, provide efficient incentives for sound forest practices, and complement the state's existing forestry programs.
Sustainable Forestry: What Is It? How Do We Achieve It?
Authors: Oliver C.D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As defined here, sustainable forestry ensures each ecosystem provides its fair share of values, neither overly depriving itself or other times and places of the ability to provide values. This “working” definition builds on other efforts to examine sustainability and uses the Montreal Process criteria as values to be sustained. It is first important to ensure that each “potential forest ecosystem” contains enough “intact forests” to provide the values, followed by ensuring each forest provides the values through a combination of reserves and active management. Economic development, less-consumptive lifestyles, a better rural infrastructure, more wood product use, and other factors can be helpful at the proper times and places.
Strengthening the Science behind Certification: The Role of University Research and School Forests
Authors: Price W. , Kavanaugh S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Pinchot Institute for Conservation conducted a study to gauge the potential for refining certification assessment methodologies through research in school forests involving faculty, staff, and students. The study was based on a series of interviews with certification experts and a survey completed by 38 schools with research and teaching forests. It evaluated the potential for better use of untapped capacity at research universities by addressing needed improvements in certification programs, current level of participation by school forests, and capacity for and interest in certification. Facilitating the dialogue and coordination between the certification programs and the students, faculty, and staff who conduct research in school forests can refine the assessment methodologies used for certification.
Grading Transfer versus Continuing Students in Undergraduate Forestry: Who Will Excel?
Authors: Laband D.N. , Hanby R.K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Educators have long discussed whether students who transfer into undergraduate forestry programs perform as well as students who enter these programs as freshmen. Looking at six years' worth of bachelor of science graduates at Auburn University's forestry program, we find that standardized test scores and transfer grade point average are significant predictors of these students' subsequent academic performance in the required forestry curriculum, but that high school grades are not. Recruitment efforts should consider applicants' ACT or SAT scores, and if the tests are not required for applicants from community colleges, these potential transfer students should be evaluated on the basis of their transfer grade point average. The study sample is restricted, however, because not all data are comparable. This article frames the issue and points to the need for additional research.
Using History to Plan the Future of Old-Growth Ponderosa Pine
Authors: Sesnie S. , Bailey J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Historical forest records, combined with the Forest Vegetation Simulator and a geographic information system for a land planning area on the Kaibab National Forest in northern Arizona, can suggest management approaches to restoring old-growth forest structures. Our analysis indicated that although more than 50 percent of ponderosa pine stands in the planning area are at or near an old-growth stage, they are at historically high tree densities. Stand-replacing wildfires have recently burned some old-growth stands. Silvicultural methods to restore desired old-growth structure and reduce fire danger can be evaluated with easy-to-use forest simulation models and validated with available historical and ground truth data.
Book Review: Land-Grant Universities and Extension into the 21st Century: Renegotiating or Abandoning a Social Contract
Authors: Jones S.B. , Clark J.W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Land-Grant Universities and Extension into the 21st Century: Renegotiating or Abandoning a Social Contract, by George R. McDowell, stimulates some very necessary and long overdue thinking about our nation's Cooperative Extension Service.
Certification on Public and University Lands: Evaluations of FSC and SFI by the Forest Managers
Authors: Sample V.A. , Price W. , Mater C.M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Three state public forest management agencies, a federal historic area, and two universities with extensive research forests participated in a study to test the applicability of the two major forest management certification programs to their forestlands. Two separate field-based assessments were performed on the same lands at approximately the same time. The agencies then participated in a “reverse evaluation,” in which they judged the relevance of independent, third-party certification to their mission and goals, and the degree to which each certification process facilitated improvements in the conservation and sustainable management of their forests. Among other differences between the certification programs, agency personnel found that SFI auditors were more rigorous in their expectations for continuous improvement, and FSC was more thorough in its coverage of biological, ecological, and social issues.
British Columbia's Environmental Forestry Policy Record in Perspective
Authors: Cashore B. , Auld G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Some environmental groups and US forest companies, each for their own reasons, have criticized forest policy in British Columbia as lax, and the US Congress and media have taken up the call for stricter regulations in Canada. A comparison of BC forest policy with the policies of the USDA Forest Service and six major softwood-harvesting states reveals that British Columbia has more stringent regulations than has been supposed. Focusing on clearcutting, riparian zone management, and protected areas, we find that BC policy in spring 2001 was generally comparable to that of Washington State and Oregon; only the Forest Service had stricter rules. State practices in Texas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Georgia were less stringent.
System Design and Management for Restoring Penn's Woods
Authors: Jenkins Dylan H. , Devlin Daniel A. , Johnson Nels C. , Orndorff Stephanie P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pennsylvania has embarked on establishing a half-million-acre old-growth system within its 2.1 million acres of state forest. If successful, this system will contribute to the restoration of ecological functions associated with old-growth forests that have virtually disappeared from eastern ecosystems. However, the proposed old-growth forests must be resurrected from fragmented and structurally homogenous second-growth forests that are subject to anthropogenic disturbances. In the context of these disturbances, thoughtful system design and, in many instances, application of silvicultural practices will be necessary to protect, restore, and accelerate the accumulation of old-growth attributes in Pennsylvania's forests. We explore some initial design and management considerations for creating an eastern old-growth system.
Christmas Tree Marketing: Product, Price, Promotion, and Place Tactics
Authors: Larson Ronald B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With more than 15,000 growers across the United States, natural Christmas trees are an important crop. As production specialists, many tree farmers have limited marketing knowledge. Christmas tree producers can expand their business using four marketing tools–product, price, promotion, and place–that form a useful framework for organizing marketing ideas. This article reviews the research on Christmas trees and other products for innovative tactics for marketing Christmas trees. By improving their application of the four Ps, tree producers and retailers can add more perceived value to their products, build customer loyalty, and boost their sales.
Asia's New Woods
Authors: Durst Patrick B. , Killmann Wulf , Brown Chris 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Plantations of agricultural and industrial crops, such as rubber, coconut, bamboo, and oil palm, are providing important new “wood” sources for forest industries in Asia. Several of these new woods are becoming mainstream species in the manufacture of traditional forest products and in the production of innovative product lines in Asia. The estimated 27.4 million hectares of these crops in the region constitute an enormous resource that is still largely untapped. Technological improvements are permitting the use of previously wasted materials into plywood, particleboard, paper, and even lumber and furniture. The acceleration in rubberwood processing during the past decade is indicative of the potential importance that other crops may soon assume in Asian markets.
Developing Forest Management Plans with High-Tech Tools and Traditional Knowledge in Zambia
Authors: Polansky Cecilia , Heermans John 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Simply transferring to other settings developed countries' sophisticated tools of modern forest management can be inappropriate. In a pilot program in Zambia, traditional knowledge of forest products is combined with satellite images, GPS, and GIS to adapt inventories and maps for forest management planning. The example used is the Cooperative League of the United States of America's Natural Resource Management Program. Development projects that place more emphasis on existing technology and input from local forest users and extension agents–and less on technical training and equipment–have the potential for more success in slowing the conversion and exploitation of tropical forests.
Aesthetics: Are We Neglecting a Critical Issue in Certification for Sustainable Forest Management?
Authors: Sheppard Stephen R. J. , Achiam Cecilia , D'Eon Robert G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Current forest certification programs may be neglecting aesthetics and related public perception and acceptance issues, concentrating on more easily quantified socioeconomic and ecological criteria. Because aesthetics is an important value for forest users, and to avoid potential conflicts between certification status and public perception, we suggest that forests should be certified for aesthetic performance. Current forest certification programs weakly address aesthetics, if at all. Those systems that do consider aesthetics tend to be procedural rather than outcomes-based and generally do not encourage solid or consistent approaches to the problem. Visual resource management approaches provide some precedents that are not as yet widely used in certification, but they also have their limitations. We recommend that more effort be put into developing more robust indicators for aesthetics as part of certification programs.
What Do Forest Fires Really Cost?
Authors: Lynch Dennis L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A seven-year quest to estimate forest fire costs in Colorado revealed a number of losses not usually considered. Catastrophic fires result in direct costs, rehabilitation costs, impact costs, and special value losses. They are wildfire events that imperil public health, safety, or welfare and result in significant degradation of the environment, substantial loss of property, and often death or injury of people. While each fire is unique, a series of large fire case studies, primarily in ponderosa pine forests, are used to develop a progression of cost estimates. The author concludes that damages to forest watershed values in the arid West may ultimately result in the most serious, long-term costs of large fires. A contrasting case study where fire has been a regular component of the forest ecosystem is used to question the tacit acceptance of very costly, extremely damaging catastrophic fires as natural events.
Societal Values and Economic Return Added for Forest Owners by Linking Forests to Bioenergy Production
Authors: Vogt Kristiina A. , Andreu Michael G. , Vogt Daniel J. , Sigurdardottir Ragnhildur , Edmonds Robert L. , Schiess Peter , Hodgson Kevin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Unless additional economic returns can be generated from ownership of forestlands, it will be difficult to simultaneously manage forests to include socially desired services while creating sustainable development opportunities for rural communities. One unique economic return is to collect nontimber forest materials for use in renewable energy production systems because this is compatible with obtaining socially based environmental services from forests while providing new economic return to forest owners. Bioenergy systems that transform wood using sustainable chemical practices are environmentally CO2-neutral and are able to supply other nonforestry-based industrial platforms (e.g., electricity, biofuels, pharmaceutical precursors, etc.).
Global Perspectives on Intensively Managed Plantations: Implications for the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Binkley Clark S. , Aronow Mary Ellen , Washburn Courtland L. , New David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Because of structural changes in the forest sector, the world increasingly relies on intensively managed plantations for its industrial timber supply. Pacific Northwest (PNW) forests are not immune to these same pressures. Increases in the availability of cheaper plantation-grown timber from other regions (e.g., the southern United States) will reduce the profitability of PNW forestry unless offsetting management actions are taken. But much of the land in the PNW has no better use, so it likely will remain forested, able to support a competitive forest products industry. Technological innovation can support profitable forestland ownership even if timber prices fall.
Forest Management and the H2B Guest Worker Program in the Southeastern United States: An Assessment of Contractors and Their Crews
Authors: McDaniel Josh , Casanova Vanessa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tree-planting jobs in the southeastern United States are almost exclusively held by workers from Mexico and Central America. Most of these workers are in the H2B guest worker program, a program designed to assist nonagricultural industries facing labor shortages. Based on a survey and interviews with forest contractors, we found that H2B workers have become the most common workers in forest management and are favored by contractors competing for large-acreage contracts as well as contractors specializing in government and industry contracts. We discuss the advantages of H2B workers, as well as problems in the program from the workers' perspective in wages and working conditions. The policy implications of a potential expansion of guest worker programs are also discussed.
Effect of the Federal Estate Tax on Nonindustrial Private Forest Holdings
Authors: Greene John L. , Bullard Steven H. , Cushing Tamara L. , Beauvais Theodore 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Data for this study were collected using a questionnaire mailed to randomly selected members of two forest owner organizations. Among the key findings is that 38% of forest estates owed federal estate tax, a rate many times higher than US estates in general. In 28% of the cases whereestate tax was due, timber or land was sold because other assets were not adequate. In 29% of the cases where land was sold, it was converted to a more developed use. Questionnaires also were mailed to randomly selected individuals from a national database of rural landowners for comparisonwith forest owners. For most of the characteristics surveyed, there was no statistical difference between responses from the two groups.
Public Involvement in USDA Forest Service Policymaking: A Literature Review
Authors: Leach William D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article provides a brief history of public participation in the USDA Forest Service from 1960 to the present and reviews 25 of the most significant empirical studies on the topic. Twenty-one broadly defined keys to success are identified in the literature and then organized in terms of process design traits, participant traits, and contextual traits. The most frequently cited factors in each category are, respectively, effective facilitation, active participation by agency staff, and support from agencywide policies and administrators. Summarized findings suggest several attributes the agency can look for when selecting individuals to facilitate collaborative planning processes involving multiple stakeholders.
Effects of Thinning Young Forests on Chanterelle Mushroom Production
Authors: Pilz David , Molina Randy , Mayo Jim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chanterelle productivity responses were investigated in a replicated, landscape-scale thinning experiment in 50-year-old Douglas-fir stands in the Cascade Range of Oregon. Chanterelle numbers and weight were significantly decreased by thinning the first year after logging, more so inheavily thinned stands than lightly thinned stands for chanterelle numbers. Nearly all evidence of differences in chanterelle productivity among thinning treatment means disappeared within 6 years. Management implications and mitigation measures are discussed.
Sudden Oak Death in California: What Is the Potential?
Authors: Barrett Tara M. , Gatziolis Demetrios , Fried Jeremy S. , Waddell Karen L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sudden oak death, a disease associated with the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, has a large number of shrub and tree host species. Three of the tree species most susceptible to mortality from the disease, California black oak (Quercus kelloggii), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus), are estimated to predominate by basal area on 1.52 (±0.10) million ac in 12 counties that currently are under quarantine for the disease. The variety, prevalence, and importance of host species to wildlife indicate a high potential for impact on forest ecosystems in California.
Planted Forests and Biodiversity
Authors: Carnus Jean-Michel , Parrotta John , Brockerhoff Eckehard , Arbez Michel , Jactel Hervé , Kremer Antoine , Lamb David , O’Hara Kevin , Walters Bradley 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Expansion of planted forests and intensification of their management has raised concerns among forest managers and the public over the implications of these trends for sustainable production and conservation of forest biological diversity. We review the current state of knowledge on the impacts of plantation forestry on genetic and species diversity at different spatial scales and discuss the economic and ecological implications of biodiversity management within plantation stands and landscapes. Managing plantations to produce goods such as timber while also enhancing ecological services such as biodiversity involves tradeoffs, which can be made only with a clear understanding of the ecological context of plantations in the broader landscape and agreement among stakeholders on the desired balance of goods and ecological services from plantations.
A Landscape-Level Geographic Information System (GIS) Analysis of Streamside Management Zones on the Cumberland Plateau
Authors: Lemoine Derek , Evans Jonathan P. , Ken Smith C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we developed and tested a geographic information system methodology to measure the width and slope of streamside management zones (SMZs). We also assessed the compliance of SMZs on the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee with the quantitative portions of state best management practices and the sustainable forestry standards used by the Sustainable Forestry Initiative and the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). We found that using different standards greatly affected overall SMZ compliance and that FSC-level compliance varied as a function of type and resident status of forest owner.
More than Markets: Assessing Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certification as a Policy Tool
Authors: Rickenbach Mark , Overdevest Christine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we compared US Forest Stewardship Council forest management certified enterprises as to their perceptions of certification’s effectiveness across three policy mechanisms: (1) market based, (2) signaling, and (3) learning. Signaling to stakeholders provided the highest satisfaction; however, there were differences across enterprise type. Small private enterprises reported lower satisfaction than public and large private enterprises for all mechanisms. Our findings also indicate that certification, for those already certified, likely will be an expectation into the future.
Forestry in Bangladesh: An Overview
Authors: Iftekhar Md. Sayed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bangladesh houses a substantial amount of forests. People extract a range of goods and services from the forests. Although the accounted contribution of the forests in the national economy is reasonable, the social and ecological importance is immense. Although the Bangladesh government has taken several initiatives to protect them, the forests are being depleted due to many reasons. It is believed that in future, the degradation will be aggravated because of increasing population and persistent poverty. Demand for environmental goods will rise but will not be met because of continued forest degradation. In such situations multistakeholder-based conservation and forest extension activities are necessary to better manage the sector.
Sustainable Forestry in the Balance
Authors: Shifley Stephen R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the United States we increasingly restrict wood production in the name of sustainability while going abroad for an ever larger share of the wood we consume, even though our own forest resources per capita are greater than the rest of the Earth. The unintended consequence is we transfer impacts of harvesting and consumption elsewhere. If we believe impacts of harvesting and consumption are primarily positive, we should embrace them locally. If we believe impacts are negative, we should take responsibility for them locally and mitigate them. Sustainable forest management requires scalable solutions across geopolitical units: states, regions, nations, and Earth. There are some simple measures of sustainability applicable across all these scales to establish sideboards for sustainable forest management.