bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of comminuted fractures of the proximal phalanx in horses: 64 cases (1983–2001)
Authors: Kraus Beth M. , Richardson Dean W. , Nunamaker David M. , Ross Michael W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To report the outcome of surgical treatment of comminuted fractures of the proximal phalanx in horses.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—64 horses.Procedure—Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to obtain information regarding signalment, fracture classification, and treatment. Follow-up information was obtained by telephone conversation or evaluation of production records.Results—Thirty-eight horses had moderately comminuted fractures of the proximal phalanx. Two horses were euthanatized immediately. Fractures of the proximal phalanx in 36 horses were repaired with open reduction and internal fixation with a successful outcome in 33 (92%) horses. Reconstruction of the fracture was performed in most horses by use of a long curved incision, transection of the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joint, and open exposure of the proximal articular surface of the proximal phalanx. Twenty-six horses had severely comminuted fractures of the proximal phalanx. Six horses were euthanatized immediately. One horse was euthanatized after 9 days of treatment with a cast alone. Severely comminuted fractures of the proximal phalanx in 13 horses were treated with an external skeletal fixation device, and fractures healed in 8 of those horses. Six horses with severely comminuted fractures of the proximal phalanx were treated with transfixation pins incorporated into a fiberglass cast, and fractures healed in 4 horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Moderately comminuted fractures of the proximal phalanx can be successfully repaired; however, fractures that are too severe to permit accurate reconstruction of the fragments remain difficult to treat and horses have only a fair prognosis for survival. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004; 224:254–263)
Outcome and subsequent fertility of sheep and goats undergoing cesarean section because of dystocia: 110 cases (1981–2001)
Authors: Brounts Sabrina H. , Hawkins Jan F. , Baird A. N. , Glickman Lawrence T. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the outcome and subsequent
fertility of sheep and goats undergoing a
cesarean section because of dystocia.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—85 sheep and 25 goats.

Procedure—Medical records were reviewed, and information
was obtained on signalment, history, physical
examination findings, anesthesia protocol, surgical technique,
number of lambs or kids delivered, pre- and postoperative
treatments, duration of hospitalization, and
postoperative complications. Follow-up information was
obtained through telephone conversations with owners.

Results—The proportion of sheep admitted to the
veterinary teaching hospital during the study period
that underwent a cesarean section (4.4%) was significantly
higher than the proportion of goats that did
(2.2%). Pygmy goats were overrepresented, compared
with the hospital population. The most common
reason for cesarean section was inadequate dilatation
of the cervix. The most common surgical approach
was via the left paralumbar fossa. Two hundred one
lambs and kids were delivered, of which 116 were
dead at delivery or died shortly afterward. Forty-two
of the 65 dams with 1 or more dead fetuses had been
in stage-2 labor for > 6 hours, and fetal death was significantly
associated with a prolonged duration of dystocia.
The most common complication following
surgery was retained placenta (n = 49). Use of antimicrobials
was associated with a lower rate of complications.
All 16 dams that were rebred became pregnant
and had no problems with dystocia.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that cesarean section is an effective method of
resolving dystocia in sheep and goats and does not
adversely affect subsequent fertility. (J Am Vet Med
Assoc 2004;224:275–279)
Evaluation of cisplatin combined with piroxicam for the treatment of oral malignant melanoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma in dogs
Authors: Boria Pedro A. , Murry Daryl J. , Bennett Peter F. , Glickman Nita W. , Snyder Paul W. , Merkel Brenna L. , Schlittler Deborah L. , Mutsaers Anthony J. , Thomas Rose M. , Knapp Deborah W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of cisplatin administered with piroxicam, the antitumor activity and toxicity of cisplatin combined with piroxicam in dogs with oral malignant melanoma (OMM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and the effects of piroxicam on the pharmacokinetics of cisplatin in dogs with tumors.Design—Prospective nonrandomized clinical trial.Animals—25 dogs.Procedure—Dogs were treated with a combination of cisplatin (escalating dose with 6 hours of diuresis with saline [0.9% NaCl] solution) and piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg [0.14 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h). The initial cisplatin dose (50 mg/m2) was increased by 5 mg/m2 until the MTD was reached. Tumor stage and size were determined at 6-week intervals during treatment. The pharmacokinetics of cisplatin were determined in dogs receiving a combination of cisplatin and piroxicam during the clinical trial and dogs that were treated with cisplatin alone.Results—11 dogs with OMM and 9 dogs with SCC were included in the clinical trial. The MTD of cisplatin when administered in combination with piroxicam was 50 mg/m2. Tumor remission occurred in 5 of 9 dogs with SCC and 2 of 11 dogs with OMM. The most common abnormality observed was renal toxicosis. Clearance of cisplatin in dogs that were treated with cisplatin alone was not significantly different from that in dogs treated with a combination of cisplatin and piroxicam.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cisplatin administered in combination with piroxicam had antitumor activity against OMM and SCC. The level of toxicity was acceptable, although renal function must be monitored carefully. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:388–394)
Ultrasonographic assessment of hemodynamic changes in the portal vein during surgical attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in dogs
Authors: Szatmári Viktor , Sluijs Frederik J. van , Rothuizen Jan , Voorhout George 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine portal hemodynamic changes associated with surgical shunt ligation and establish ultrasonographic criteria for determining the optimal degree of shunt narrowing and predicting outcome.Design—Case series.Animals—17 dogs, each with a single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt.Procedure—Pre- and postligation flow velocities and flow directions were determined by Doppler ultrasonography intraoperatively in the shunt and in the portal vein cranial and caudal to the shunt origin. Outcome was evaluated 1 month after surgery by measuring blood ammonia concentration and performing abdominal ultrasonography.Results—Hepatofugal flow was detected in 9 of 17 dogs before shunt attenuation in the portal segment that was between the shunt origin and the entering point of the gastroduodenal vein. If hepatofugal flow became hepatopetal after shunt ligation, hyperammonemia resolved. Hepatofugal portal flow was caused by blood that flowed from the gastroduodenal vein toward the shunt. Shunt attenuation converted hepatofugal flow to hepatopetal in the shunt in 12 of 17 dogs. Chronic portal hypertension developed or perioperative death occurred when the portal congestion index caudal to the shunt origin increased by > 3.6 times.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—After hepatopetal flow in the cranial portal vein and the shunt is established, further shunt narrowing is contraindicated. Increase of the portal congestion index caudal to the shunt > 3.5 times should be avoided. Poor outcome because of severe hypoplasia of the portal branches can be expected if the flow direction remains hepatofugal after shunt occlusion cranial to the shunt origin. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:395–402)
Concurrence between clinical and pathologic diagnoses in a veterinary medical teaching hospital: 623 cases (1989 and 1999)
Authors: Kent Michael S. , Lucroy Michael D. , Dank Gillian , Lehenbauer Terry W. , Madewell Bruce R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether there was a
decline in the percentage of dogs undergoing necropsies
and whether there was substantial agreement or
disagreement between clinical and pathologic diagnoses.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—623 dogs.

Procedure—Medical records of hospitalized dogs
that died or were euthanatized and necropsied at a
veterinary teaching hospital in 1989 and 1999 were
reviewed. Clinical and pathologic diagnoses were
recorded and compared.

Results—There was a significant decline in the
necropsy rate of hospitalized dogs that died or were
euthanatized in 1999, compared with 1989. In both
1989 and 1999, there was disagreement between the
clinical and pathologic diagnoses in approximately a
third of the cases.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Despite
improved diagnostic methods, the accuracy of diagnosis
did not improve significantly in 1999, compared
with 1989. Necropsy is the best method to assess
overall diagnostic accuracy. Increased availability of
teaching funds may promote efforts to have necropsies
performed in veterinary teaching hospitals. ( J Am
Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:403–406)
Use of magnetic resonance imaging for identifying subchondral bone damage in horses: 11 cases (1999–2003)
Authors: Zubrod Chad J. , Schneider Robert K. , Tucker Russell L. , Gavin Patrick R. , Ragle Claude A. , Farnsworth Kelly D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for identifying subchondral bone damage in the distal limbs of horses.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—11 horses.Procedure—Medical records of horses with lameness and subsequent evidence of subchondral bone damage as determined by MR imaging were reviewed. Severity and duration of lameness, results of diagnostic local anesthesia and diagnostic testing, surgical and necropsy findings, and treatment were recorded. Outcome was determined by follow-up information obtained from the owner or referring veterinarian.Results—Lameness was localized by physical examination and diagnostic local anesthesia. Lameness was localized to the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joint in 4 horses, distal interphalangeal joint in 5 horses, and tarsocrural joint in 2 horses. The duration of lameness ranged from 2 weeks to 20 months. Magnetic resonance imaging of the affected joints revealed abnormal fluid accumulation within the subchondral bone. None of the abnormalities observed by MR imaging were detected by radiography. Subchondral bone damage was diagnosed in all horses. Arthroscopy of the affected joint was performed in 4 horses. Communication with the articular surface of the affected bone was suspected on the basis of results of MR imaging in 4 horses and was confirmed by arthroscopy in 1 horse and by necropsy in 1 horse.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Magnetic resonance imaging was useful for providing a diagnosis when other imaging techniques did not definitively identify the cause of lameness. Subchondral bone damage was clearly identified by MR imaging and should be considered as a cause of lameness in horses in which radiographic findings are unremarkable. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:411–418)
Use of somatic cell counts and California mastitis test results from individual quarter milk samples to detect subclinical intramammary infection in dairy cattle from a herd with a high bulk tank somatic cell count
Authors: Middleton John R. , Hardin David , Steevens Barry , Randle Richard , Tyler Jeff W. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether somatic cell
counts (SCCs) or California mastitis test (CMT) scores
for individual quarter milk samples could be used to
detect subclinical intramammary infection among
dairy cattle in a herd with a high bulk tank SCC.

Design—Prospective clinical trial.

Animals—278 Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle from a
single herd.

Procedure—Individual quarter milk samples were collected
and submitted for bacterial culture, California
mastitis testing, and determination of SCC. Additional
milk samples were collected 34 days later and submitted
for bacterial culture.

Results—During the initial visit to the herd, milk samples
were collected from all 278 cows. However,
because of blind mammary quarters or missing data,
results for 1,057 quarter milk samples were included.
Bacterial culture did not yield any growth for 622
(58.8%) of these samples. Regardless of the cutoff
that was used, sensitivity of the CMT score was ≤ 0.50
and sensitivity of the SCC linear score (SCS) was
≤ 0.60. For 497 mammary quarters, results of bacterial
culture of samples collected 34 days apart were concordant;
bacterial culture did not yield any growth for
342 (68.8%) of these quarters. Regardless of the cutoff
that was used, sensitivity of the CMT score was
≤ 0.61 and sensitivity of the SCS was ≤ 0.76 for mammary
quarters with concordant bacterial culture results.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that neither CMT score nor SCC is sensitive
enough to be useful as a screening test for identifying
infected mammary quarters among dairy cattle in a
herd with high bulk tank SCC. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:419–423)
Assessment of heart rate variability in Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Spier Alan W. , Meurs Kathryn M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess heart rate variability (HRV) in Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), assess the ability of HRV analysis to identify differences in Boxers on the basis of severity of their arrhythmia, and evaluate the use of HRV to determine whether persistently high sympathetic tone is present in these dogs.Design—Prospective study.Animals—24 Boxers with ARVC and 10 clinically normal non-Boxer dogs.Procedure—Boxers were categorized as dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF), dogs with ≤ 2 ventricular premature complexes (VPCs)/24 h (designated unaffected), or dogs with > 1,000 VPCs/24 h (designated affected). Ambulatory electrocardiography (24 hours) was performed in each dog. Recordings were analyzed for HRV variables at a commercial laboratory; differences in HRV variables among groups were compared with 1-way ANOVA.Results—Compared with control non-Boxer dogs and Boxers without CHF (affected and unaffected Boxers), HRV was reduced in Boxers with CHF. No differences in HRV variables were detected between affected and unaffected Boxers. Inconsistent differences were identified between the control dogs and Boxers without CHF that had various degrees of arrhythmias.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that persistently high sympathetic tone is not a consistent feature of ARVC. Differences in some HRV variables between Boxers without CHF and control dogs suggest that Boxers may have different autonomic control of heart rate, compared with that of clinically normal non-Boxer dogs. The usefulness of HRV analysis appears limited to Boxers with ARVC that have systolic dysfunction and CHF. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:534–537)
Comparison of two radiographic techniques for evaluation of hip joint laxity in 10 breeds of dogs
Authors: Kapatkin Amy S. , Gregor Thomas P. , Hearon Kendra , Richardson Robert W. , McKelvie Pamela J. , Fordyce Hilary H. , Smith Gail K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate hip joint laxity in 10 breeds of dogs via 2 radiographic techniques.Animals—500 clinically normal dogs.Design—Prospective study.Procedure—Radiographs obtained via routine hip joint evaluations performed in sedated dogs of 10 popular breeds were randomly selected from a database. Measurements of distraction index (DI) and hipextended index (HEI) on 1 hip joint radiograph randomly chosen from each dog were made.Results—Mean age of dogs was 20.7 months. Mean HEI was 0.17 (range, 0.0 to 0.72) and mean DI was 0.44 (range, 0.07 to 0.96). Borzois had uniformly tight hip joints as judged by use of both methods and were considered the gold standard by which hip joint laxity was judged (all Borzois had DI ≤ 0.32). Overall, DI was significantly greater than HEI. Within each breed, mean DI was always greater than mean HEI. Significant differences were detected among breeds for HEI; however, compared with DI, the magnitude of differences among breeds was less.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Distraction radiography detected the greatest range and magnitude of passive hip laxity in the 10 breeds of dogs. The difference in values between breeds known to have high prevalence of canine hip dysplasia and those in Borzois was greater for DI than for HEI. Breeds must be evaluated individually because of inherent differences in hip joint laxity. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004; 224:542–546)
Duration of serologic response to five viral antigens in dogs
Authors: Mouzin Douglas E. , Lorenzen Marianne J. , Haworth John D. , King Vickie L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether vaccinated dogs either remained seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination for 5 key viral antigens after extended periods since their last vaccination.Design—Serologic survey.Animals—322 healthy client-owned dogs.Procedure—Dogs were ≥ 2 years old and vaccinated against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus-1 (CAV-1), canine adenovirus-2 (CAV-2), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), and canine parvovirus (CPV). On day 0, dogs were revaccinated with a vaccine from the same vaccine line as they had historically received. Antibody titers were measured in sera collected at day 0 (prevaccination titer) and 5 to 7 days later (postvaccination titer). Dogs were considered to have responded serologically if they had a day-0 serum neutralization titer to CDV ≥ 1:32; a serum neutralization titer to CAV-1, CAV-2, or CPIV ≥ 1:16; a hemagglutination inhibition titer to CPV ≥ 1:80; or a ≥ 4-fold increase in antibody titer after revaccination.Results—The percentage of dogs that had titers at or greater than the threshold values or responded to revaccination with a ≥ 4-fold increase in titer was 98.1% for CDV, 98.4% for CAV-1, 99.0% for CAV-2, 100% for CPIV, and 98.1% for CPV.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In most dogs, vaccination induced a response that lasted up to and beyond 48 months for all 5 antigens. Although not equivalent to challenge-of-immunity studies as a demonstration of efficacy, results suggest that revaccination with the same vaccine provides adequate protection even when given less frequently than the traditional 1-year interval. The study provides valuable information for clinicians to help determine appropriate revaccination intervals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:55–60)
Association between cribbing and entrapment of the small intestine in the epiploic foramen in horses: 68 cases (1991–2002)
Authors: Archer Debra C. , Freeman David E. , Doyle Aimie J. , Proudman Christopher J. , Edwards G. Barrie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether there was an association between a history of cribbing and epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) of the small intestine in horses.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—68 horses examined at the University of Illinois or the University of Liverpool veterinary teaching hospitals.Procedure—For horses examined at the University of Illinois that underwent surgery because of strangulating small intestine lesions, information about cribbing was obtained through telephone calls with owners. For horses examined at the University of Liverpool that underwent surgery for colic for any reason, information about cribbing was obtained through a preoperative questionnaire.Results—13 of 19 (68%) horses with EFE examined at the University of Illinois had a history of cribbing, compared with only 2 of 34 (6%) horses with other strangulating small intestine lesions (odds ratio, 34.7; 95% confidence interval, 6.2 to 194.6). Similarly, 24 of 49 (49%) horses with EFE examined at the University of Liverpool had a history of cribbing, compared with 72 of 687 (10.5%) horses with colic caused by other lesions (odds ratio, 8.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.5 to 15.1).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that there may be an association between cribbing and EFE in horses, with horses with a history of cribbing more likely to have EFE than horses without such a history. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:562–564)
Cardiorespiratory effects of epidural administration of morphine and fentanyl in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane
Authors: Naganobu Kiyokazu , Maeda Noriaki , Miyamoto Toru , Hagio Mitsuyoshi , Nakamura Tadashi , Takasaki Mayumi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the cardiorespiratory effects of epidural administration of morphine alone and in combination with fentanyl in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane.Design—Prospective study.Animals—6 dogs.Procedure—Dogs were anesthetized with sevoflurane and allowed to breathe spontaneously. After a stable plane of anesthesia was achieved, morphine (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb]) or a combination of morphine and fentanyl (10 µg/kg [4.5 µg/lb) was administered through an epidural catheter, the tip of which was positioned at the level of L6 or L7. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured for 90 minutes.Results—Epidural administration of morphine alone did not cause any significant changes in cardiorespiratory measurements. However, epidural administration of morphine and fentanyl induced significant decreases in diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures and total peripheral resistance. Stroke volume was unchanged, PaCO2 was significantly increased, and arterial pH and base excess were significantly decreased. Heart rate was significantly lower after epidural administration of morphine and fentanyl than after administration of morphine alone. None of the dogs had any evidence of urine retention, vomiting, or pruritus after recovery from anesthesia.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that epidural administration of morphine at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg in combination with fentanyl at a dose of 10 µg/kg can cause cardiorespiratory depression in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:67–70)
Efficacy of radiation therapy for incompletely resected grade-III mast cell tumors in dogs: 31 cases (1987–1998)
Authors: Hahn Kevin A. , King Glen K. , Carreras Janet K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the efficacy (durations of remission and survival) of an alternating-day radiation protocol for incompletely excised histologic grade-III solitary mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—31 dogs.Procedure—Radiation (52 Gy in an 18-fraction alternating-day protocol) was delivered to an area bordered by margins ≥ 3 cm around the surgical scar and to the associated local-regional lymph nodes. Dogs were not given chemotherapeutic agents concurrently or after radiation. Information on signalment, duration of remission, and survival time was obtained from medical records.Results—Median and mean durations of remission were 27.7 and 17.0 months, respectively (range, 1 to 47 months). Median and mean durations of survival were 28 and 20 months, respectively (range, 3 to 52 months). Dogs with tumors located on the skin of the pinna, perineum, and prepuce had a median duration of remission greater than dogs with tumors located at other sites (27.7 and 14.4 months, respectively). Dogs with tumors ≤ 3 cm in maximum diameter before surgery survived longer than dogs with tumors > 3 cm (31 and 24 months, respectively). The remission rate was 65% and survival rate was 71% at 1 year after treatment. Sixteen dogs that were euthanatized had complications associated with local-regional tumor progression. Systemic metastases to liver, spleen, intestine, and bone marrow were detected in 1 dog.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Without further treatment, incompletely excised grade-III mast cell tumors have high local-regional recurrence; local-regional treatment with radiation may effectively be used to manage many such tumors. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:79–82)