bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor lymphangiogenesis and metastatic spread—New players begin to emerge
Authors: Achen Marc G. , Stacker Steven A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe metastatic spread of tumor cells is the most lethal aspect of cancer and can occur via various routes, including the lymphatic vasculature. Studies of tumor models in animals and clinicopathological data have indicated that growth of lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) in the vicinity of solid tumors may contribute to lymphatic metastasis. Research over the past 5 years has identified a range of lymphangiogenic growth factors that could conceivably play a role in promoting tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. The most extensively studied signaling system that promotes lymphangiogenesis in tumors involves the secreted lymphangiogenic proteins vascular endothelial growth factor‐C (VEGF‐C) and VEGF‐D, and their cognate receptor on lymphatic endothelium VEGF receptor‐3 (VEGFR‐3). More recent studies have identified other signaling molecules that can also promote lymphangiogenesis in vivo, including hepatocyte growth factor and members of the fibroblast growth factor, angiopoietin, platelet‐derived growth factor and insulin‐like growth factor families of secreted proteins. This article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms that control lymphangiogenic signaling, emphasizing the more recently identified lymphangiogenic growth factors and the roles they may play in cancer biology. Molecular approaches for inhibiting lymphangiogenic signaling in cancer, designed to restrict tumor metastasis, are also examined. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Starting SCF calculations by superposition of atomic densities
Authors: Van Lenthe J. H. , Zwaans R. , Van Dam H. J. J. , Guest M. F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe describe the procedure to start an SCF calculation of the general type from a sum of atomic electron densities, as implemented in GAMESS‐UK. Although the procedure is well known for closed‐shell calculations and was already suggested when the Direct SCF procedure was proposed, the general procedure is less obvious. For instance, there is no need to converge the corresponding closed‐shell Hartree–Fock calculation when dealing with an open‐shell species. We describe the various choices and illustrate them with test calculations, showing that the procedure is easier, and on average better, than starting from a converged minimal basis calculation and much better than using a bare nucleus Hamiltonian. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 926–932, 2006
Theoretical study on the isomeric structures and the stability of silylenoid (Tsi)Cl2SiLi (Tsi = C(SiMe3)3)
Authors: Xie Ju , Feng Dacheng , Feng Shengyu 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe structures and isomerization of silylenoid (Tsi)Cl2SiLi (Tsi = C(SiMe3)3) were studied by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. Four equilibrium structures and three isomeric transition states were located. The three‐membered ring and p‐complex structures, 1 and 2, are the two most stable forms. Two other local minima, the σ‐complex 3 and tetrahedron structure 4, should rearrange to 1 with very low barriers, and then to the most stable isomer 2. To exploit further the stability of silylenoid (Tsi)Cl2SiLi, the insertion reactions of 2 and silylene (Tsi)ClSi into the HF molecule have been investigated at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level, respectively. The results show that the insertion of 2 into HF is very similar to that of (Tsi)ClSi into HF, but the latter is more favorable. To probe the influence of the substituent Tsi on the stability of silylenoid (Tsi)Cl2SiLi, the isomers and insertion reaction of silylenoid CH3Cl2SiLi were investigated in a similar way of those with (Tsi)Cl2SiLi. The results indicate that silylenoid containing very bulky group Tsi exhibits unusual stability because of the severe steric hindrance produced by Tsi at the center to which it is attached. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 933–940, 2006
Survivin study: An update of “What is the next wave?”
Authors: Li Fengzhi , Ling Xiang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractStudies on survivin over the past 2–3 years have shown that survivin possesses multiple subcellular localizations and is a multi‐functional molecule involved in many aspects of cellular processes and/or behaviors. The subcellular localization and function of the survivin splice variants, however, have not yet been well elucidated. We have, therefore, provided additional observations on several survivin splice variants for further exploration. This review article will update the role of survivin, and its splice variants in the mitosis/cell cycle, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, chemoprevention, drug/radiation resistance, and cancer therapeutics. J. Cell. Physiol. 208: 476–486, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of freshly isolated and cultured cells derived from the fatty and fluid portions of liposuction aspirates
Authors: Yoshimura Kotaro , Shigeura Tomokuni , Matsumoto Daisuke , Sato Takahiro , Takaki Yasuyuki , Aiba‐Kojima Emiko , Sato Katsujiro , Inoue Keita , Nagase Takashi , Koshima Isao , Gonda Koichi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractLiposuction aspirates (primarily saline solution, blood, and adipose tissue fragments) separate into fatty and fluid portions. Cells isolated from the fatty portion are termed processed lipoaspirate (PLA) cells and contain adipose‐derived adherent stromal cells (ASCs). Here we define cells isolated from the fluid portion of liposuction aspirates as liposuction aspirate fluid (LAF) cells. Stromal vascular fractions (SVF) were isolated separately from both portions and characterized under cultured and non‐cultured conditions. A comparable number of LAF and PLA cells were freshly isolated, but fewer LAF cells were adherent. CD34+CD45− cells from fresh LAF isolates were expanded by adherent culture, suggesting that LAF cells contain ASCs. Although freshly isolated PLA and LAF cells have distinct cell surface marker profiles, adherent PLA and LAF cells have quite similar characteristics with regard to growth kinetics, morphology, capacity for differentiation, and surface marker profiles. After plating, both PLA and LAF cells showed significant increased expression of CD29, CD44, CD49d, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD151 and decreased expression of CD31 and CD45. Multicolor FACS analysis revealed that SVF are composed of heterogeneous cell populations including blood‐derived cells (CD45+), ASCs (CD31−CD34+CD45−CD90+CD105−CD146−), endothelial (progenitor) cells (CD31+CD34+CD45−CD90+CD105lowCD146+), pericytes (CD31−CD34−CD45−CD90+CD105−CD146+), and other cells. After plating, ASCs showed a dramatic increase in CD105 expression. Although some adherent ASCs lost CD34 expression with increasing culture time, our culture method maintained CD34 expression in ASCs for at least 10–20 weeks. These results suggest that liposuction‐derived cells may be useful and valuable for cell‐based therapies. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multidisciplinary international conference on gynecologic cancer, Bologna, Italy, June 8–12, 2005
Authors: Bovicelli Alessandro , D'Andrilli Giuseppina , Giordano Antonio 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe first “Multidisciplinary International Conference on Gynecologic Cancer” which was held in Bologna on June 8–12, 2005, addressed some of the most crucial topics in gynecologic oncology, presented the latest achievements and, at the same time, designed the guidelines for future developments in the field. The scientific program was intended not only to share and compare views and ideas among gynecologists but also with oncologists and researchers in basic science. The scientific committee strongly believed in the “multidisciplinary approach” towards medicine and particularly towards patients. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recombinant non‐collagenous domain of α2(IV) collagen causes involution of choroidal neovascularization by inducing apoptosis
Authors: Lima e Silva Raquel , Kachi Shu , Akiyama Hideo , Shen JiKui , Aslam Sadia , Yuan Gong Yuan , Khu Naw Htee , Hatara Maria C. , Boutaud Ariel , Peterson Robert , Campochiaro Peter A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVascular endothelial cells receive proangiogenic or antiangiogenic signals from components of extracellular matrix (ECM) depending upon the situation and many molecular signals can have opposite effects in different vascular beds. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 is antiangiogenic in several tissues, but promotes retinal neovascularization. When cleaved from native collagens, several of the non‐collagenous domains (NC1) of basement membrane collagens have antiangiogenic effects in some tissues, but this is context dependent for the NC1 of the alpha 1 chain of collagen IV. It is critical to examine effects in several well‐defined model systems before assuming that an ECM component is universally antiangiogenic. In this study, we examined the effects of a recombinant fragment of NC1 of the alpha 2 chain of type IV collagen (α2(IV)NC1) in a well‐characterized model of ocular neovascularization. Intravitreous or periocular injections of α2(IV)NC1 caused selective apoptosis of endothelial cells participating in neovascularization resulting in suppression of neovascularization when the peptide was given prior to onset of new vessel sprouting. Importantly, when the peptide was given after neovascularization had already developed, it caused the new vessels to regress. This suggests that α2(IV)NC1, which has previously been shown to suppress tumor angiogenesis in xenograft models, is also a strong antiangiogenic agent in the choroid and is a therapeutic candidate for treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potentiation of TRPV3 channel function by unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Hu Hong‐Zhen , Xiao Rui , Wang Chunbo , Gao Na , Colton Craig K. , Wood Jackie D. , Zhu Michael X. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTransient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are polymodal detectors of multiple environmental factors, including temperature, pH, and pressure. Inflammatory mediators enhance TRPV function through multiple signaling pathways. The lipoxygenase and epoxygenase products of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism have been shown to directly activate TRPV1 and TRPV4, respectively. TRPV3 is a thermosensitive channel with an intermediate temperature threshold of 31–39°C. We have previously shown that TRPV3 is activated by 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB). Here we show that AA and other unsaturated fatty acids directly potentiate 2APB‐induced responses of TRPV3 expressed in HEK293 cells, Xenopus oocytes, and mouse keratinocytes. The AA‐induced potentiation is observed in intracellular Ca2+ measurement, whole‐cell and two‐electrode voltage clamp studies, as well as single channel recordings of excised inside‐out and outside‐out patches. The fatty acid‐induced potentiation is not blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C and thus differs from that induced by the kinase. The potentiation does not require AA metabolism but is rather mimicked by non‐metabolizable analogs of AA. These results suggest a novel mechanism regulating the TRPV3 response to inflammation, which differs from TRPV1 and TRPV4, and involves a direct action of free fatty acids on the channel. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of protein phosphatase 2A‐mediated recruitment of IQGAP1 to β1 integrin by EGF through activation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhide , Suzuki Katsuo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMaintenance of β1 integrin‐mediated cell adhesion in quiescent human mammary epithelial (HME) cells requires protein phosphatase (PP) 2A for not only dephosphorylation of β1 integrin but also recruitment of IQGAP1 to Rac‐bound β1 integrin. However, how PP2A‐dependent regulatory machinery of cell adhesion responds to EGF remains to be elucidated. We report here that phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) at threonine 286 was involved in the β1 integrin complex that consisted of PP2A, Rac, and IQGAP1 in quiescent HME cells. Stimulation of the cells with EGF concomitantly induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+, activation of CaMKII, and dissociation of PP2A‐IQGAP1‐CaMKII from β1 integrin‐Rac. Because the activation of CaMKII and dissociation of PP2A‐IQGAP1‐CaMKII were blocked by either Ca2+‐chelator or CaMKII inhibitor, we therefore propose that EGF has the ability to abrogate the PP2A function in the maintenance of β1 integrin‐mediated cell adhesion by dissociation of PP2A‐IQGAP1‐CaMKII from β1 integrin‐Rac through activation of CaMKII. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pilot study for nitrifying treatment of wastewater from fertilizer production using a gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow airlift loop bioreactor
Authors: Wen Jianping , Liu Xianling , Yuan Qing , Zhao Xueming 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn 80 m3 pilot‐scale gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow airlift loop bioreactor (ALR) with a low ratio of height to diameter, in which a biological membrane replaced the activated sludge, was used in the nitrifying treatment of a real effluent from a fertilizer plant. The influences of pH value, air influx (Qg) and hydraulic residence time (HRT) on the reductions in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4‐N) were investigated and are discussed herein. The optimum operating conditions were obtained at a pH value of 7.0–8.0, air influx of 500 m3 h−1 and an HRT of 10 h. Under these optimum conditions, the effluent COD and NH4‐N were less than 50 mg L−1 and 10 mg L−1 for a 40‐day run, which were far below the primary discharge standard for the chemical fertilizer industry in the People's Republic of China (COD ≤ 100 mg L−1 and NH4‐N ≤ 40 mg L−1). Furthermore, this pilot‐scale airlift loop bioreactor generated only one‐quarter of the sludge waste compared with the traditional activated sludge process. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
The extraction of rare earths using mixtures of acidic phosphorus‐based reagents or their thio‐analogues
Authors: Wang Xianglan , Li Wei , Meng Shulan , Li Deqian 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe solvent extraction of rare earths from chloride solution has been investigated using mixtures of 2‐ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl) ester (HEHEHP, P507) and organophosphorus acids [di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP, P204), isopropylphosphonic acid 1‐hexyl‐4‐ethyloctyl ester (HHEOIPP), bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), bis(2,4,4‐trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 302), and bis(2,4,4‐trimethypentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 301)]. Results show that the extractability of the selected extractants for rare earths decreases in the order: HEHEHP/HDEHP > HEHEHP/Cyanex 301 > HEHEHP/HHEOIPP > HEHEHP/Cyanex 302 > HEHEHP/Cyanex 272. A possible explanation of the different extractabilities is given based on the structure of the extractants. Furthermore, the possibilities of the separation of adjacent rare earths with these mixtures were investigated according to the extractabilities; the results show the possibility of separating the rare earths. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel hydrogel composite for the removal of water‐soluble cationic dye
Authors: Zhang Li‐Ming , Zhou Yi‐Jun , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA novel hydrogel composite was prepared by incorporating Laponite RDS clay into poly(acrylic acid‐co‐N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolodone) hydrogel during in‐situ polymerization, and investigated with respect to its adsorption kinetics and isotherm toward Crystal Violet, a widely used cationic dye. It was found that the adsorption kinetics of Crystal Violet onto the hydrogel composite was consistent with the pseudo‐second‐order model. Compared with pure hydrogel, the hydrogel composite is characterized by greater amounts being adsorbed at equilibrium, and a higher rate constant and initial adsorption rate. By analyzing the experimental data using the Langmuir isotherm equation, an enhanced adsorption capacity was found for the hydrogel composite. Such material is expected to be a good adsorbent for water pollutants such as cationic dyes and treatment of these organic contaminants from wastewater. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
How many graphs are unions of k‐cliques?
Authors: Bollobás Béla , Brightwell Graham R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe study the number $ F [n;k] $ of n‐vertex graphs that can be written as the edge‐union of k‐vertex cliques. We obtain reasonably tight estimates for $ F [n;k] $ in the cases (i) k = n − o(n) and (ii) k = o(n) but $ k/log\, n \to\infty $. We also show that $ F [n;k] $ exhibits a phase transition around $ k = log_2 n $. We leave open several potentially interesting cases, and raise some other questions of a similar nature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 52: 87–107, 2006
Explicit constructions of triple systems for Ramsey–Turán problems
Authors: Mubayi Dhruv , Sós Vera T. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe explicitly construct four infinite families of irreducible triple systems with Ramsey‐Turán density less than the Turán density. Two of our families generalize isolated examples of Sidorenko 14, and the first author and Rödl 12. Our constructions also yield two infinite families of irreducible triple systems whose Ramsey‐Turán densities are exactly determined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 52: 211–216, 2006
MRI of arthritis: Comparison of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide vs. Gd‐DTPA
Authors: Simon Gerhard H. , von Vopelius‐Feldt Johannes , Wendland Michael F. , Fu Yanjun , Piontek Guido , Schlegel Juergen , Chen Mei‐Hsiu , Daldrup‐Link Heike E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurposeTo compare the ability of the ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) SHU555C vs. gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA) to detect antigen‐induced monoarthritis with MRI.Materials and MethodsTwelve seven‐week‐old female rats with an antigen‐induced monoarthritis of the right knee were randomly assigned to two groups. Animals in group I (N = 6) underwent MRI using T1‐weighted gradient‐echo sequences before injection and at 2, 9, 17, 25, 33, 40, 47, 55, and 63 minutes postinjection (p.i.) of Gd‐DTPA on day 1, and before injection and at 3, 23, 43, and 123 minutes p.i. of SHU555C on day 2. Animals in group II (N = 6) were imaged before injection and at 3, 23, 43, and 123 minutes p.i. using identical sequences. Signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) and relative enhancement (ΔSI%) of arthritic and normal synovium were determined from region‐of‐interest (ROI) measurements in consensus reading by two experienced radiologists. Data were tested for significant differences between the two agents and between the arthritic and normal knees using a mixed‐effect model and F‐tests (P < 0.05). Joints were processed for histopathology as the gold standard.ResultsUSPIO and Gd‐DTPA showed significant enhancement differences (P < 0.001). USPIO provided a progressive and persistent enhancement of arthritic joints while Gd‐DTPA provided an early and rapidly declining enhancement. Maximal enhancement in synovitis was 400% at 40–120 minutes p.i. of USPIO vs. 300% at two minutes p.i. of Gd‐DTPA. USPIO provided a significant higher difference in enhancement between the arthritic and normal synovium than Gd‐DTPA (P < 0.001). Histopathology confirmed marked inflammatory synovial changes in all arthritis‐induced right knee joints and normal synovium in all left knee joints.ConclusionBoth USPIO and Gd‐DTPA detect arthritis by positive T1‐enhancement. Compared to standard Gd‐DTPA, the USPIO SHU555C provides a comparable maximal T1‐enhancement (at two minutes p.i for Gd‐DTPA and between 43 and 123 minutes p.i. for SHU555C), but in addition it provides a prolonged T1‐enhancement of synovitis and a higher difference between the relative enhancement of arthritic and normal synovium. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free‐breathing whole‐heart coronary MR angiography on a clinical scanner in four minutes
Authors: Nehrke Kay , Börnert Peter , Mazurkewitz Peter , Winkelmann Richard , Gräßlin Ingmar 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurposeTo set up a robust and patient‐friendly whole‐heart protocol based on 32‐receive‐channel technology that will potentially allow a large part of the patient population to be addressed.Materials and MethodsTen volunteers were examined on a clinical 1.5 T scanner equipped with a 32‐channel data acquisition system using an experimental 32‐element coil array. A magnetization‐prepared, navigator‐gated and ‐tracked 3D Cartesian balanced FFE sequence was used for whole‐heart coronary MR angiography (MRA). With the use of sensitivity encoding (SENSE) and partial Fourier encoding for scan acceleration, nearly isotropic high‐resolution data sets were acquired during free breathing in four minutes.ResultsA high contrast and sufficient signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) were obtained, which allowed visualization of the major vessels up to the distal regions and detection of major branches. Phase encoding in the anterior–posterior (AP) direction was the most favorable SENSE configuration and allowed a reasonable scan time reduction with moderate SENSE factors.ConclusionThe employed 32‐receive channel technology enabled a robust trade‐off among SNR, spatial resolution, and scan time. In this study the most robust results were obtained using the smallest possible SENSE factors for a given voxel size and scan time. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.