bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity, Mental Activity, and Risk of Incident Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cao Zhi , Zhang Jing , Lu Zuolin , Chen Han , Min Jiahao , Hou Yabing , Wang Xiaohe , Xu Chenjie 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cumulative evidence suggests a correlation between physical or mental activity and the risk of stroke. However, the combined impact of these activities on stroke onset remains unexplored. This study identified physical and mental activity patterns using principal component analysis and investigated their associations with risk of incident stroke in the general population.

METHODS:
Our study was sourced from the UK Biobank cohort between 2006 and 2010. Information on physical and mental-related activities were obtained through a touch-screen questionnaire. The incident stroke was diagnosed by physicians and subsequently verified through linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics. Principal component analysis was used to identify potential physical and mental activity patterns. Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of incident stroke, adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS:
The initial UK Biobank cohort originally consisted of 502 411 individuals, of whom a total of 386 902 participants (aged 38–79 years) without any history of stroke at baseline were included in our study. During a median follow-up of 7.7 years, 6983 (1.8%) cases of stroke were documented. The mean age of the included participants was 55.9 years, and the proportion of women was 55.1%. We found that multiple individual items related to physical and mental activity showed significant associations with risk of stroke. We identified 4 patterns of physical activity and 3 patterns of mental activity using principal component analysis. The adherence to activity patterns of vigorous exercise, housework, and walking predominant patterns were associated with a lower risk of stroke by 17% (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.78–0.89]; 20% (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.75–0.85]; and 20% (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.75–0.86), respectively. Additionally, the transportation predominant pattern (HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.28–1.45) and watching TV pattern (HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.33–1.53) were found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of stroke. These associations remained consistent across all subtypes of stroke.

CONCLUSIONS:
Activity patterns mainly related to frequent vigorous exercise, housework, and walking were associated with lower risks of stroke and all its subtypes. Our findings provide new insights for promoting suitable patterns of physical and mental activity for primary prevention of stroke.
Providing Better Support for Entrepreneurial Activities in the Weather, Water, and Climate Community
Authors: Seitter Keith L. , Tipton Emma , Higgins Paul A. T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There has been an increase in entrepreneurial activity within the weather, water, and climate (WWC) community over the past decade, with the potential for much more as artificial intelligence/machine learning techniques continue to develop and as new opportunities arise across the weather, climate, and ocean service enterprises. Despite indications of recent growth, this study reports on key challenges that are limiting the community’s ability to achieve the full potential of commercialization of new WWC products and services. Most of these challenges are related to the preparation of those in the WWC community for jobs in the private sector in general and entrepreneurial activities in particular. These results extend and build upon the work of others who have reported on shortcomings in the preparation of students for positions in the private sector, with this study showing that deficits in preparation and awareness of available resources affect potential entrepreneurs well into their career—most researchers are unaware of the resources available to them. Based on a synthesis of input from successful WWC entrepreneurs, many of the challenges could be greatly reduced by relatively minor adjustments to curriculums at universities and through new programs that could be offered by scientific and professional societies to help potential entrepreneurs better take advantage of existing resources as they spin up a new business.
Surgery Adherence and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Locally Advanced (IIA-IVA) Cancer of the Lower Esophagus: A SEER Database-Based Study
Authors: Liu Jingsong , Chen Hu , Wu Chuannan 
Published: March 2024

Background Esophageal cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of surgical adherence on the prognosis of patients with locally advanced lower esophageal cancer and to analyze the factors that affect surgical adherence. Methods Patients diagnosed with locally advanced (IIA-IVA) lower esophageal cancer between 2004 and 2015 were screened from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We utilized multifactorial logistic regression to analyze the correlates affecting surgical adherence. Furthermore, we employed Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression to determine the impact of surgical adherence on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Results Of the 4922 patients screened, 2372 individuals were advised to undergo surgery, out of which 2025 ultimately underwent the procedure while the remaining 347 refused. Lower surgical adherence was associated with older age, unmarried, SEER classification of “distant,” and squamous cell carcinoma. Adherence to surgery proved to be an independent factor affecting OS and CSS. The Cox regression analysis showed that patients who refused surgery had lower OS ( OR: 1.657; 95% CI: 1.429∼1.927; P < .001) and CSS ( OR: 1.487; 95% CI: 1.309∼1.690; P < .001) than those who underwent surgery. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients who underwent surgical treatment had a better prognosis. Discussion Good surgical adherence can improve the prognosis of patients with locally advanced (IIA-IVA) lower esophageal cancer, while poor surgical adherence is associated with older age, unmarried, SEER classification of “distant,” and squamous cell carcinoma.
Estimating shelf life and degradation mechanisms of nitrile butadiene rubber for viscoelastic dampers
Authors: Ammineni Syam Prasad , Lingaraju Dumpala , Nagaraju Cherukuri 
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the shelf life of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) based on age and temperature factors. Natural aging of nitrile butadiene rubber samples is performed under laboratory conditions for 2 years, followed by thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate Arrhenius parameters. Toop’s equation is used to predict shelf life at 5% conversion rate. Model-free kinetic methods, including Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Kissinger, estimate shelf life at different temperatures for both virgin and naturally aged nitrile butadiene rubber. Results show close correlation between KAS and Kissinger methods, with slight variations in activation energy impacting shelf life. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests assess functional group changes with age. Virgin nitrile butadiene rubber activation energy: OFW-73.33 kJ/mol, KAS-68.43 kJ/mol. Aged nitrile butadiene rubber activation energy: OFW-72.57 kJ/mol, KAS-67.88 kJ/mol. Shelf life at 40°C: Virgin nitrile butadiene rubber - OFW-111.29 years, KAS-26.31 years. Aged nitrile butadiene rubber - OFW-89.01 years, KAS-22.37 years. These findings provide valuable insights for predicting and assessing nitrile butadiene rubber viscoelastic damper performance in engineering applications.
“It’s a Chance, Not a Choice”: Black Families, School Choice, and Gentrification in Washington, D.C.
Authors: Butler Alisha , Quarles Bradley 
Published: March 2024

Background: Public education reforms, such as expanded school choice, have become a critical lever for remaking urban landscapes. These reforms often aim to attract and retain affluent and White families in urban schools, so scholars have examined how these parents navigate the perceived risk of choosing these schools for their children. Purpose: This paper extends this scholarship to understand how other families experience these reforms in gentrifying landscapes. We ask: (1) How do Black parents navigate school selection in a gentrifying and expansive education marketplace? (2) How do Black parents’ perceptions of schooling shape their approach to school selection? (3) How do parents’ positionalities (e.g., gender, class, place attachments, and tenure in the city) influence their experiences? Research Design: We leverage a qualitative meta-analysis design that pools data from three separately conducted studies of gentrification in Washington, D.C. For this analysis, we center on 34 Black parents’ experiences as they navigate school selection. We reanalyzed data through the lens of critical spatial and racial theories. We paid particular attention to participants’ attachments to place, their perceptions of their choices, the school and neighborhood attributes participants valued, and how they navigated school selection. Findings: Parents considered a broad range of school and neighborhood characteristics as they constructed their choice sets. As they searched for schools, Black parents made a series of racialized compromises to find schools they perceived to be racially, physically, and socially safe for their children. Parents, for example, negotiated their desire for academic rigor with their perception of schools’ social climates and their perceptions that schools would be racially affirming and inclusive. Place and space were essential to parents’ choice set construction. Schools’ physical locations and perceptions of safety influenced whether parents viewed schools as viable options for their children. Conclusion: Our study underscores the multiple factors that bound choice set construction. Critically, Black parents’ experiences as they navigated school selection suggest that the expansive educational marketplace offered a “chance, not a choice” at high-quality educational opportunities.
New Graduate Nurses’ Approaches to Death and Dying Patients and the Relationship Between Death Anxiety and Death Awareness: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tarhan Merve , Dogan Pinar 
Published: March 2024

Background One of the challenges experienced by new graduate nurses during the transition into practice is caring for dying patients. This study aimed to determine new graduate nurses’ approaches to death and dying patients and the relationship between death anxiety and death awareness. Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 226 new graduate nurses in Istanbul, Türkiye. A personal and work environment characteristics form, the Approach to Death and Dying Patients Attitude Scale, Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale, and Multidimensional Mortality Awareness Measure were used to collect data. Results Hardness in communicating with the dying patients (hardness: meaning difficulty) and their relatives and avoiding death and dying patients were considered moderate, with mean scores of 2.64 ± .63 and 2.45 ± .40, out of 4. Death anxiety accounted for approximately 7% of the variance of hardness in communicating with dying patients and their relatives, which is statistically significant. Death awareness statistically significantly explained 9.7% of avoiding death and dying patients. Conclusion For new graduate nurses, besides simulation-based training on end-of-life care, approaches to sharing their experiences about death and programs to determine a value system related to death may be recommended.
Rozanolixizumab: A New Therapy in the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Hitt Emily M. 
Published: March 2024

Objective: The aims of this article are to review the clinical aspects of rozanolixizumab, to describe clinical trial results that led to the drug’s approval, and to examine the impact on patient care to aid clinical decision making. Data Sources: A PubMed search was conducted using the terms Rystiggo™, rozanolixizumab, rozanolixizumab therapy, and myasthenia gravis. The most recent prescribing information was also used for information relating to the drug and for identification of pertinent studies. Study Selection/Data Extraction: Phase I, II, and III randomized controlled trials were all eligible for inclusion. Meeting abstracts and articles focusing on the use of rozanolixizumab or any indication other than generalized myasthenia gravis were excluded from this article. Data Synthesis: Food and Drug Administration approval of rozanolixizumab is based on the phase III MycarinG study in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis. A phase II trial explored initial clinical efficacy and safety pertaining to the dose and frequency of rozanolixizumab across 2 treatment periods in patients with moderate to severe myasthenia gravis. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison to Existing Agents: Rozanolixizumab is the first therapy approved to treat patients positive for both types of antibodies, anti-acetylcholine receptor or anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase, in generalized myasthenia gravis. Conclusion/Relevance: The approval of rozanolixizumab represents an advancement in therapy for generalized myasthenia gravis. The provision of individualized, targeted, and well-tolerated treatment is valuable for the patients whose myasthenia gravis is not well controlled and who are seeking a medication with a rapid onset of action to improve their symptoms and overall quality of life.
Structure – property relationships of different natural rubber grades
Authors: Hayeemasae Nabil , Soontaranon Siriwat , Masa Abdulhakim 
Published: March 2024

The effects of various natural rubber (NR) grades, namely RSS 3, STR 5L, STR 10, STR 20 and STR 20CV, towards their final properties were investigated. The molecular characteristics of these NR grades were assessed by gel permeation chromatography and by determining protein contents. The highest molecular weight was found for RSS 3, while STR 20CV had the lowest molecular weight. No relationship between molecular weight and protein content was seen in this study. A higher molecular weight rubber provided greater maximum torque and torque difference, and a better resistance to degradation during processing. However, no significant difference was found among molecular weights higher than 1.25 × 106 g/mol. The final torque during processing and the Mooney viscosity of rubber increased with molecular weight due to tie chain entanglements, as later confirmed by a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Thermo-stability and stress relaxation of the various NR grades were also largely governed by their molecular weights. Stability of rubber at an elevated temperature improved with molecular weight. Also, the tensile properties and the strain-induced crystallization varied with the molecular weight. The tensile strength of various NR grades varied from 15 to 18 MPa while the elongation at break was 600%–800%. The molecular weight of NR was found to have a great effect on the processing, thermomechanical, dynamic, and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates. In addition, a narrow molecular weight distribution also affected the mechanical properties. The crystallinities of the NRs during stretching were closely related to their tensile behavior, and the alignment of crystal structures during stretching was almost parallel to the stretching direction in all NR samples. The molecular weight of NR appears to be a key factor associated with the mechanical properties and reinforcement behavior of vulcanizates.
Visceral Aorta Electrocautery Septotomy to Allow Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair in Ruptured Chronic Post-Dissection Thoraco-Abdominal Aneurysm
Authors: Bastianon Martina , Di Gregorio Sara , Melani Caterina , Mena Vera Jorge Miguel , Mozzetta Gaddiel , Grimaldi Fabio , Pallini Cristina , Pratesi Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Endovascular repair of chronic post-dissection thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms (PD-TAAA) presents specific technical challenges due to the presence of chronic septum. Small true lumen diameter and false lumen visceral vessel origin can make branched endograft prohibitive. Septotomy may allow to overcome these challenges in cases of high complex anatomy. Technique: We describe the application of electrocautery septotomy to the visceral aorta segment to deploy an off-the-shelf branched endograft in a chronic PD-TAAA rupture with true lumen collapse. Conclusions: Electrocautery septotomy can be an effective adjunctive technique to facilitate branched endograft, overcoming technical challenges associated with the endovascular treatment of chronic PD-TAAA. Clinical Impact Electrocautery septotomy is an adjunctive technique that can facilitate endovascular treatment of post-dissection thoraco-abdominal aneurysm. By creating a common lumen, this technique might reduce the number of re-interventions associated with PD-TAAA endovascular exclusion.
Impact of Stent Size Selection and Vessel Evaluation on Skull Base Cerebrovascular Diseases Treated With Willis Covered Stents: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Tong Xin , Xue Xiaopeng , Feng Xin , Jiang Zhiqun , Duan Chuanzhi , Liu Aihua 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the diverse stent size selection on the clinical and angiographic outcomes of Willis covered stent (WCS) for the treatment of skull base cerebrovascular diseases. Materials and methods: A total of 147 patients with 151 skull base cerebrovascular diseases treated with WCS in 3 centers between January 2015 and July 2022 were included in this study. Several parameters depicting stent size and parent artery condition were incorporated into the analysis of the outcomes. Results: Complete occlusion was found in 106 cases (68.2%) immediately after deployment and 126 cases (83.4%) after technical adjustment. In the multivariate logistics analysis, the difference between stent diameter and parent artery diameter (DD) was significantly associated with immediate endoleak without adjustment (odds ratio [OR]=0.410; p=0.005) and late endoleak (OR=0.275; p=0.028). In addition, differences between stent diameter and parent artery diameter at wide landing point (DSW) and differences between stent diameter and parent artery diameter at narrow landing point (DSN) was also was significant associated with immediate endoleak without adjustment and balloon re-dilation respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the diameter selection of the WCS was associated with the occurrence of endoleak during the treatment of skull base cerebrovascular diseases. Precise selection and evaluation of stent size and vessel condition were significant factors for skull base cerebrovascular diseases treated by WCS. Clinical Impact This study demonstrates a significant association between the diameter selection of the Willis covered stent (WCS) and the occurrence of endoleak in the management of skull base cerebrovascular diseases. The results offer valuable medical evidence that can inform stent selection for WCS. The study emphasizes the significance of precise evaluation of stent size and vessel condition as crucial factors in WCS procedures. These findings underscore the importance of meticulous consideration and individualized approaches to stent selection, ultimately improving treatment outcomes in clinical practice.
Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Patients Undergoing Dialysis: A Literature Review
Authors: Nimah Lailatun , Nursalam Nursalam , Wahyudi Andri Setiya , Mariyanti Herdina 
Published: March 2024

Introduction Dialysis is a long-term treatment for chronic kidney failure. Family caregivers play a significant role in the care of patients undergoing dialysis. The quality of life (QoL) of family caregivers is related to the quality of care provided to patients undergoing dialysis. Objectives This recent literature review aimed to synthesize the QoL experienced by caregivers of family members undergoing dialysis. Method This literature review employed four online databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. The extracted articles were further screened on the basis of the PRISMA guidelines. In this review, articles were selected on the basis of the following eligibility criteria: double-blind peer-reviewed articles, articles written in English language and published between 1 January 2013 and January 2023. This review used thematic synthesis. Results Four analytical themes emerged, including physical capacity, social relations, psychological state, and environment. All of these themes correspond to the dimensions of QoL. Conclusion The QoL of family caregivers of patients undergoing dialysis must be considered . A good QoL of these caregivers will improve the balance of life and further increase the ability and quality of care they provide for family members undergoing dialysis.
Comparison of Short-Term Outcomes Following Surgical Intervention of Salivary Gland Malignancies in Adult and Pediatric Patients: A National Database Analysis
Authors: Yu Victor Jiarui , Samsam Aseela , Sawh-Martinez Rajendra , Lopez Joseph 
Published: March 2024

Background: Salivary gland malignancy (SGM) is a rare surgical pathology in the pediatric population, with currently ambiguous surgical management guidelines for the pediatric population. Therefore, we aim to use a national database to provide demographical and episode-of-care comparisons between the adult and pediatric population suffering from SGMs, with the interest of discovering baseline characteristic differences and outcomes, in addition to assessing the overall level of reporting at a national scale. Methods: The 2012 to 2019 American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Adult and Pediatric (ACS NSQIP, NSQIP-P) databases were queried to identify diagnoses of salivary gland malignancies based on postoperative ICD-10 codes. Age was stratified into adult (age ≥ 22 years) or pediatric (age < 22 years). Each age-based cohort were further stratified based on cancer site. Demographics, comorbidities, and complications were compared between adults and children. Results: Overall, 1967 adult and 67 pediatric cases were included. Parotid gland malignancy comprised the majority of both adult and pediatric cases. Within cases of parotid gland malignancies, there were proportionally more adult compared to pediatric males. A lower comorbidity burden was also noted across pediatric cases. Operative time was slightly lower for pediatric cases compared to adult, with roughly 1 day less of total hospital stay. Complication rates were similar between adult and pediatric cases without statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Documentation of surgical outcomes in children with SGMs is severely lacking and continued reporting is imperative in order to improve outcomes of both oncologic and necessary reconstructive surgery. Optimal management of pediatric SGM demands use of a longitudinal multidisciplinary approach by surgeons cross-trained in head and neck surgery and plastic surgery. This is a burgeoning field with a need for studies aimed at developing guidelines specific for children.