bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological differences between irritant and allergic patch test reactions in man *
Authors: Nater J. P. , Hoedemaeker Ph. J. 
Published: April 2006

The results of a study of the histological aspects of the application of DNCB on the skin of unsensitized and sensitized persons are discussed. The nature of the histological changes in primary irritant and allergic reactions to DNCB in human skin appeared to be identical. The differences appeared to be primarily of a quantitative character.It is furthermore concluded from data in the literature that the skin of some persons may read with a primary irritant reaction to concentrations of a compound thought to cause only allergic reactions. In these persons histological examination of the patch test result may give insufficient clues us to the nature of the reaction.The practical consequences of the data presented arc discussed.
Compositae sensitivity among patients with contact dermatitis
Authors: Roed‐Petersen Iytte , Hjorth Niels 
Published: April 2006

Patch tests with 24 Compositae species were performed on 81 patients suspected of having a plant dermatitis, of whom 16 had positive reactions to various species.When Compositae were included in the standard series, 10 of 488 consecutive patients (2%) were found to be sensitive to one or more species. Most of the positive test reactions were relevant.Fourteen of 16 sensitivities could have been detected by testing with two mixtures of Compositae. Alantolactone could not serve as a screening agent, since four of seven Compositae‐sensitive patients had negative reactions to it. Concomitant reactions to balsams were found in four of 10 patients with unexpected sensitivitytoCompositae.The clinical pattern of Compositae dermatitis may be that of a lichenified photo dermatitis. These cases are invariably missed, unless patch tests with Compositae are performed. Another group of patients have hand ezcema and also require patch tests with Compositae for etiological diagnosis. Because positive, relevant reactions are common, inclusion of a safe and reliable Compositae screening test in the standard series is urgently required. At the present stage, however, our test materials are sometimes irritant and they have occasionally caused active sensitization.
Sensitizing and irritating properties of star anise oil
Authors: Rudzki Edward , Grzywa Zdzislawa 
Published: April 2006

Star anise oil in 2 and 1 % concentrations produced active sensitization in 5 % of test subjects, and positive patch tests in 36 and 34 %, respectively, of consecutive patients with dermatitis. A comparison of the results of tests with balsams and oilier essential oils showed that star anise oil does not give cross‐reactions and pseudo cross‐sensitivity. Patients positive lo this oil are frequently positive to anethole and to other constituents of this oil: (α‐pinene, limonene and safrole.In tests with star anise oil it is noteworthy that a 1 % concentration is strongly irritant, and 0.5% reveals sensitivity in only one fifth of the actively sensitized subjects. It is possible that the cause of false negative patch tests might be similar in the case of some other allergens.
Psoralen photoallergy caused by plant contact
Authors: Ljunggren Bo 
Published: April 2006

A case of acquired photocontact allergy to furocumarins in plants is reported. Photopatch testing was performed with four psoralens [8‐melhoxypsoralen (8‐MOP), 5‐methoxypsoralens (5‐MOP), trimethylpsoralen (TMP) and imperatorin (IMP)]. The use of serial dilutions of the test compounds made it possible to differentiate between photoallergic and phototoxic reactions. 8‐MOP gave a positive eczematous text reaction down to a concentration of 0.0001% The reactions to 5‐MOP and IMP also were positive, while that to TMP was negative. Histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen from a positive test site showed changes consistent with photoallergic contact dermatitis.The multiple reactions could be explained on the basis of multiple sensitization, but cross reactions cannot be ruled out.
A study of oil of bergamot and its importance as a phototoxic agent
Authors: Zaynoun S. T. , Johnson B. E. , Frain‐Bell W. 
Published: April 2006

Using a standardized open photopatch test technique, the phototoxic reactions produced by bergamot oil bergapten (5‐methoxypsoralen) the active component of the oil, and xantho‐toxin 8‐methoxypsoralen) were studied. The reaction was affected by a range of factors such as the vehicle (PMF or ethanol), the concentration of ethanol in the vehicle, the skin site, the interval between application of the psoralen and irradiation, the hydration of the skin, and the degree of natural or sun‐induced pigmentation. Repented photopatch testing at the same skin site produced an increase in sensitivity.Eye colour, natural susceptibility to suntanning, age, and sex, had no effect on the phototoxic response to psoralens.
Occupational contact dermatitis due to Croton (Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss var. pictum (Lodd.) Muell. Arg.) Sensitization by plants of the Euphorbiaceae
Authors: Hausen B. M. , Schulz K. H. 
Published: April 2006

One of today's most decorative and popular ornamental potted plants is Croton. Handling this plant over a period of 6 months produced contact eczema of the hands in a nursery gardener. Patch tests with Croton leaves were positive. Control tests remained negative. Sensitization experiments in guinea pigs with a methanolic extract of the leaves were successful.All results of the study indicate that:

– latex of croton produces no primary irritant reaction
– latex is able to induce a real contact allergy
– contact allergens are constituents of the milky sap.

Whether the di‐ and triesters of phorbol so far isolated as irritant and cocarcinogenic factors from the latex of various Euphorbiaceae species and sensitizers shall be investigated in fürther experiments.
Reactions to peroral propylene glycol
Authors: Hannuksela M. , Förström L. 
Published: April 2006

A peroral challenge lest with 2–15 ml of propylene glycol (PG) was made in 38 patients with allergic‐type epicutaneous test reactions to PG. Eight of 10 patients with a positive epicutaneous reaction to 2% PG and seven of the other 28 patients with a positive epicutaneous reaction to 10–100 % PG developed an exanthem 3–16 h after ingestion of the drug. In all hut one case the rash disappeared within 24–48 h without any medication. In one ease the exanthem was treated with prednisone for 4 days, and the symptoms disappeared gradually in 6 days.None of the 20 control patients had skin symptoms, Nausea, vertigo and a curious sensation were recorded in four PG‐sensitive patients and in three control patients. These symptoms were apparently due to the general pharmacodynamic effects of PG and they were regarded as non‐allergic in nature.It was concluded that PG is a potential allergen and it must he added to the list of causes of drug exuathems
Topical toxicity of various concentrations of DMSO recorded with impedance measurements and water vapour loss measurements Recording of skin's adaptation to repeated DMSO irritation
Authors: Malten K. E. , den Arend J. 
Published: April 2006

The effects of topical applications on the living human forearm skin of 3 ml of DMSO 0.09 % JaCI in water solutions of various concentrations during a variety of exposure times were evaluated clinically, and with water vapour loss and impedance measurements. The water vapour loss measurement appeared not to be a sensitive parameter, since it showed only deviations from normal values if there were also clinical signs of irritation, e.g. if the skin is exposed during 15 min to a DMSO solution of 90 % or higher. Impeddance showed some increase after 15‐min exposures to 30 % DMSO. In the range of 60 to 99.9 % DMSO, decreases of impedance were found increasing progressively with strength of solution and duration of exposure. Only the longer exposures (3 h to 60 % DMSO) or the higher concentrations (90 % DMSO and over during 15‐min exposure) produced clinical signs.Daily repeated short‐lasting (5–10 min) exposures to carefully chosen concentrations of DMSO (60, 73 and 86 %revealed that the skin of the volunteer was almost able to resist the lowest concentration. If exposed for 10 min the skin had some difficulty in recovering from the irritating influence of exposures to 60 or 73 % DMSO which took place the preceding day: there is some tendency to a progressive lowering of resistance. With repeated 5‐min exposures to 86 % DMSO, this tendency to progressive lowering of resistance is more evident although there is a clear but somewhat incomplete recovery 24 h after each preceding exposure. If the skin is exposed daily to 86 % DMSO for 10 min. the regenerative capacity after the 12th exposure is exhausted.However, after the 17th exposure, extra regenerative forces seem to be mobilized restricting progressively the consequences of every exposure to follow. If the skin is no longer exposed (day 21), recovery is speedier and more complete than that seen after the 5‐min exposures to the same strength. We propose calling this ‘adaptation’ or ‘hardening’.
Nickel dermatitis provoked by buttons in blue jeans
Authors: Brandrup Flemming , Larsen Finn Schultz 
Published: April 2006

A total of 79 nickel‐sensitive patients (65 women, 14 men) were examined with regard to a present or past eczema corresponding to contact with metallic buttons in blue jeans; 63 % of the women and 64% of the men had or had had eczema of this kind. Among 40 % of the women below 30 years this was the primary site of manifestation. The seriousness of this sensitivity is illustrated by the fact that two‐thirds of the nickel sensitive patients with button dermatitis had or had had eczema of the hands.The conclusion is that blue jean buttons should he made of a material which does not contain nickel, for instance zinc alloys which are presently used for some metallic buttons, or they should be designed in such a way that the button does not directly contact the skin.
Captafol dermatitis in the timber industry
Authors: Stoke J. C. J. 
Published: April 2006

Captafol is a common cause of dermatitis amongst workers in the timber industry. In a survey of 14 timber treatment plants 23 % of 133 workers exposed to captafol gave a history suggestive of occupationally induced dermatitis. Although allergic dermatitis can occur, irritant dermatitis is far more common. Attention to plant and personal hygiene will reduce the prevalence of captafol dermatitis significantly, Recommendations on how to achieve this are made.“The ultimate end… is not knowledge, but action. To be half right on time may be more important than to obtain the whole truth too late,” (Aristotle).
Brilliant Lake Red R as a cause of pigmented contact dermatitis
Authors: Kozuka Takehito , Tasihro Minoru , Sano Shigeharu , Fujimoto Keiichi , Nakamura Yumi , Hashimoto Seiichi , Nakaminami Gen 
Published: April 2006

Twenty‐three patients suffering from pigmented contact dermatitis caused by cosmetics containing Brilliant Lake Red R were observed. Commercial samples of Brilliant Lake Red R proved to contain many ethyl acetate extractable impurities; 1‐phenylazo‐2‐naphthol and azobenzene were isolated and identified.To determine the responsible allergens, five patients were examined by patch tests with purified samples of azo‐dyes and the unidentified fractions of ethyl acetate extractable impurities. Three out of five showed weaker reactions to purified samples of Brilliant Lake Red R and the other two showed equal reactions compared to the commercial product.1‐Phenylazo‐2‐naphthol was found to be a strong allergen in all cases but none showed a positive reaction to azobenzene. Some unidentified fractions also gave positive results.Patch tests were performed with 4‐phenylazo‐1‐naphthol, 4‐phenylazo‐1‐naphthol‐2‐carboxylic acid, and 2,4‐bis(phenylazo)‐1‐naphthol, as structurally related compounds derived from 1‐naphthol. All gave negative and they were not detected in the ethyl acetate extractable impurities by thin‐layer chromatography.
Contact allergy to hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate
Authors: Brandao F. M. , Camarasa F. M. 
Published: April 2006

Two female patients with stasis dermatitis developed allergic contact dermatitis to hydro‐cortisone 17‐butyrale cream. Patch tests with hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate were positive, hut not with the vehicle. One patient was also allergic to two other commercial cortico‐steroids, but patch tests, revealed positive reactions only to ingredients or the vehicles.Attention is drawn to the frequency of contact allergy to corticosteroids in patients with stasis dermatitis.
Histological changes in rabbits after application of medicaments and cosmetic bases
Authors: Rantuccio F. , Scardigno A. , Conte A. , Sinisi D. , Coviello C. 
Published: April 2006

A staged histological study of skin changes induced in rabbits by daily application of five bases used for topical medicaments and cosmetics, namely glycols, petrolatum, Modulan, Acetulan and Amerchol L 101, over periods of 100 days, is reported. Sections obtained every 10 days were examined for changes in the epithelium, in the character of the dermal infiltrate and in the superficial collagen fibers.Glycols showed no particular effects on the skin; petrolatum produced acanthosis and vacuolization in the epidermis, and mononuclear cell infiltration of the dermis but evident collagen changes.Lanolin derivatives produced acanthosis and vacuolization of the epidermis, with lymphomononuclear infiltration of the dermis and with dissociation of collagen; examination around the 30th day showed a tendency to basal layer disorganization by the infiltrate.
Nickel sensitivity: Relationship between history and patch test reaction
Authors: Kieffer Marianne 
Published: April 2006

The prevalence of nickel sensitivity in 415 young adults was examined by patch testing with nickel sulphate 5% in pet. Before testing the persons filled in a questionnaire about personal or family history of atopy and skin reactions after metal contacts.Nickel sensitivity was found in 2.8% of males and 9.8% of females; 13 mil of 28 persons with a history of metal contact dermatitis had negative patch test reactions to nickel eight out of 23 persons with positive patch test reactions to nickel had never experienced skin reactions from metal contacts.These findings indicate that nickel sensitivity cannot be reliably predicted from pretest historical information.
Reduction of chromate in cement by iron sulfate
Authors: Fregert Sigfrid , Gruvberger Birgitta , Sandahl Evert 
Published: April 2006

Cement dermatitis is connected with chromate sensitivity. It can therefore be expected that “elimination” of chromate in cement would decrease the number of cases of cement dermatitis.Iron sulfate added to cement reduces the chromate completely and the 3‐valcnl chromium is precipitated. An amount of 0.35 % (w/w) iron sulfate, FeSO4. 7H2O, is enough to reduce 20 μg Cr6+/g cement. There is no technical side effect to the concrete. The iron sulfate is preferably added to cement when there is an intimate contact with skin, e.g. at floor laying, repairs and hand‐made casting.
Allergic contact dermatitis in veterinary surgeons
Authors: Hjorth Niels , Roed‐Petersen Jytte 
Published: April 2006

Thirty‐six of 37 veterinary surgeons with incapacitating dermatitis had allergic contact dermatitis, mainly from antibiotics such as spiramycin, Penethamate BP and tylosin. Eight were sensitive to rubber materials.Twenty of 36 had positive prick or scratch tests, mainly 10 animal hair. The atopic sensitivities were relevant to the contact dermatitis since most of those who have them develop contact reactions from cows’hair and from obstetric work with cows. Protein contact dermatitis seems to be an important predisposing factor for the development of incapacitating allergic contact dermatitis in veterinary surgeons.
Work in ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: April 2006

At 51 departments where work is being done in ultraviolet radiation for sterilization purpose (sterilamps). the light intensity was measured at 254 nm and at 300–400nm. A limit of 0.25 μW/cm2 at 254 nm has been set. In several of the workplaces this limit was exceeded without any decrease in the number of colony forming units, according to the 940 settling rate counts made.The conclusion is that the use of UV radiation as an adjuvant to several other sterility measures has no effect, even when the limit is exceeded by 700%. It is advisable to use special working tables at which the person is not exposed directly to UV radiation.
Contact urticaria from nickel and plastic additives (Butylhydroxytoluene, oleylamide)
Authors: Osmundsen Poul Erik 
Published: April 2006

In two patients urticaria was elicited by contact with nickel‐containing objects. Chamber‐prick test with nickel sulfate 2.5% in pet. evoked a strong urticarial reaction in both patients.In one of the patients contact with plastic articles also provoked urticaria. A 20‐min patch test with several articles of plastic (polyethylene and PVC) and with butylhydroxy‐tolutme (BHT) 1 % in ethanol elicited urticarial reactions. BHT is used as an antioxidant in plastic. Furthermore, open patch test with oleylamide (amide of oleic acid) 0.1 % in ethanol elicited a strong urticarial reaction in 20 min. This chemical is used as a slipping agent in plastic.
Immediate contact allergy to birch leaves and sap
Authors: Lahti Arto , Hannuksela Matti 
Published: April 2006

Fresh sap and crushed leaf of birch (Bettilu verrucosa) were tested with the scratch chamber method in 117 atopic persons, 74 of whom were allergic and 43 nonallergic to birch pollen, and in 33 control patients.Immediate positive reactions to birch sap were seen in 39 % and to leaf in 28 % of the patients allergic to birch pollen, in one of the birch pollen‐negative patients, but in none of the control patients. Birch leaves may cause contact urticaria in the Finnish sauna, where bath whisks made of birch sprigs are traditionally used.
Influence of topically applied corticosteroids on patch test reactions
Authors: Sukanto H. , Nater J. P. , Bleumink E. 
Published: April 2006

Four commercially available corticosteroid preparations were assayed for their capacity to suppress patch test reactions with contact allergens (nickel sulfate, nitrofuralum, potassium dichromate, epoxy resin, wood tars and Maneb) in sensitized individuals (n=14). Beta‐methasone valerate, betamethasone dipropionate, hydrocortisone‐17‐buty rate and triamcinolone acetonide (0.05–0.7% solutions in isopropanol or ethanol) were applied under occlusion in amounts of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 ml, respectively. Hatch tests were performed on the pretreated skin sites. The patches were removed 24 h after application and the reactions were read 15 min and 24 h later.The intensity of the reactions and the size of the infiltrated areas of the pretreated sites were measured and compared with those of a control patch test.Topical application of corticosteroids was found to have a suppressive effect both on the intensity as well as on the size of the epicutaneous reactions. No marked difference in the suppression effect of the four corticosteroids could be observed.
Immune complex vasculitis and contact dermatitis to Frullania
Authors: Faure Michel , Dambuyant Colette , Chabeau Guy , Souteyrand Pierre , Tguviket Jean 
Published: April 2006

In a man with a long history of contact dermatitis to Frullania, patch testing to Fruttania ililatata and eamarisci was followed by an acute diffuse leucocytoclaslic vasculitis (Gou‐eerot‐Ruiter disease). Histoimmunologic and immunologic findings, with the presence of circulating immune complexes and skin deposits of complement C3, C4 and Clq in dermal vessels, were in favour of an immune complex reaction.The role of Frullania in this immune complex vasculitis is discussed; the incidence of such a vasculitis in patients with contact dermatitis is not uncommon, although poorly documented.
Patch testing with European and American standard allergens in Japanese patients
Authors: Hirano Shigeru , Yoshikawa Kunihiko 
Published: April 2006

256 patients with a clinical diagnosis of contact dermatitis were patch tested with European standard series allergens in a period from 1976 to 1979. Significant positive reactions were observed with all allergens, among which were paraphenylenediamine (7.8%), wood tars (7.8%), formaldehyde (7.0%), balasam of Peru (6.6%), neomycin (5.1%), ethylene‐diamine (0.8%), naphthyl‐mix (0.8%), mercapto‐mix and PPD‐mix (1.2%).North American Standard Series allergens were also patch tested in another 178 patients in the years 1976, 1977, 1979 and 1980. Similar results were obtained with allergens common to both series and, of the others, ammoniated mercury (12.9%), thimerosal (9.5%), captan (5.6%), and hydroxycitronellal and Caine mix (4.5% each) were positive.
Chronic urticaria Investigations with patch and challenge tests
Authors: Warin Robert P. , Smith Ruth J. 
Published: April 2006

56 patterns with chronic urticaria were patch tested with particular reference to the immediate weal response to a range of materials and this was followed by challenge tests to most of the same substances.Positive immediate patch tests were commonly seen with balsam of Peru and cinnamon and this appears to be a reaction in many normal subjects.Positive challenge tests in patients who also had positive immediate patch tests to the same substance occurred in two patients with cinnamon and two patients with cloves. Other substances with a similar action may come to light‐ in which case the use of immediate patch tests in investigating chronic urticaria is more likely to be of value.4 patients showed positive immediate patch tests to nickel, one of whom also had a positive 48 h patch test to nickel. 2 other patients had only positive 48 h patch tests lo nickel. However, none of these patients pave a positive challenge lest lo nickel.
Occupational irritant contact folliculitis associated with triphenyl tin fluoride (TPTF) exposure
Authors: Andersen Klaus E. , Petri Michael 
Published: April 2006

Triphenyl tin fluoride (TPTF) is a bioactive organo‐tin compound used in concentrations 2–12% as anti‐foulants in boat paints. The chemical is moderately tonic lo the skin.An occupational irritant contact folliculitis from TPTF in a marine paint plant worker is described. Contact allergy was excluded by patch testing.An attempt to reproduce the follicular reaction in man, rabbit and guinea pig was unsuccessful.
Studies on contact hypersensitivity in the guinea pig The cumulative contact enhancement test
Authors: Tsuchiya Shuichi , Kondo Mitsuo , Okamoto Kikuhiko , Takase Yoshio 
Published: April 2006

A method to determine the quantitative induction and challenge of the allergenicity of externally applied toiletories and cosmetics, including their components, is described.The experiment used oil‐soluble cinnamic aldehyde and water‐soluble formalin as allergens, and guinea pigs as the experimental animals. A high sensitization method resulted, carried out as follows. A 24‐h closed patch is attached to the skin every other day over a period of 2 weeks (a total of 4 applications). Freund's complete adjuvant is administered intradermally just before the 3rd application of the patch. The challenge step is performed by directly applying the test material.This method was compared with other allergenicity evaluation methods. As a result, this method was found to be in no way inferior in sensitization performance to the other methods. The method was used cm perfume mixtures and tested for its evaluation effectiveness. It proved to be satisfactory.