bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the Carbon Dioxide Combining Power after Injection of Dialyzed Casein Digest.
Authors: WRETLIND. K. A. J. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe changes of the carbon dioxide combining power in rabbits after injection of a dialyzed enzymatic casein hydrolyzate (Amino‐sol) were studied, and the following results were obtained.Injection of a neutral solution of casein digest causes a slight alkalosis.At a pH‐value of 5.1 no change in the CO., combining power can be observed in blood samples taken 5 minutes after the injection.An amino acid solution with a pH‐value of 4 causes a fall of the C02 combining power 5 minutes after the injection. Thirty minutes after the injection this fall is completely neutralized.The pH‐value of casein digest for intravenous use should lie between pH 5.1 and 4.0.The above‐stated pH‐values are applicable only to casein digest with a buffer curve of the type here described. The degree of buffer action in this case is comparatively small between pH 8 and 4.These results indicate that products formed in the metabolism of intravenously injected casein digest tend to induce a slight alkalosis.
The Effect of Alcohol and Some Drugs on the Capacity for Work
Authors: ASMUSSEN ERLING , BØJE OVE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Alcohol, caffeine, cocaine, strychnine and nitroglycerin a. o. are used as “doping” in competitive sports. In the present paper the effect of these substances has been tried in controlled work experiments on normal, non‐fatigued athletes. It was found that none of them could increase the ability to perform maximal muscular work, lasting about 15. sec or about 5 minutes, with the possible exemption of caffeine in the longer work.
On the Formation of Ammonia in the Kidneys During Acidosis
Authors: RYBKRG CARL 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A description is given of a modification of the method of Folin and Bell for the determination of ammonia in urine by means of permutite.It is demonstrated that both in man and dog the formation of ammonia during acidosis reaches a rather well defined maximum independent of the degree and duration of the acidosis. In man this maximum is reached after about 4 days, and the formation of ammonia continues at a high rate some time after cessation of the acidosis.In dogs the formation of ammonia attains its maximum in the course of a few hours.The pH in human urine is lowest in the initial stage of the acidosis and increases with increasing formation of ammonia.
Some Investigations on the Carbon Dioxide Tension of the Urine in Man
Authors: RYBERG CARL 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The carbon dioxide tension of the urine has been determined under different conditions; the hydrogen ion concentration has thereby been kept constant during each experiment.At pH = ca. 6.5 and with a large diuresis p in the urine was ca. 15 mm higher than in the alveolar air.At pH> 7.0 the difference between pco in urine and in alveolar air was still larger, from 20 to 70 mm, and it was found to decrease with increasing diuresis. When the diuresis was less than 250 ml per hour no relation could be found between diuresis and carbon dioxide tension in the urine.It is pointed out that on account of the great diffusibility of COa one would a priori expect the carbon dioxide tension in the urine to be almost equal to that in the blood. This is found not to be the case in alkaline urine, and to account for this two possible explanations are advanced: either, that the equilibrium between [HCOj] and [C02j is established only after the urine has reached the collecting ducts, or, that the tubuli function differently, in such a way that some of them produce an acid urine even during alkalosis.If the former theory is accepted, we are forced to the conclusion that the cells of the tubuli supply hydrogen ions to the urine even during alkalosis and that the urine becomes alkaline by the transformation of bicarbonate to carbon dioxide.
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Changes in Man During Oxygen Breathing
Authors: ALVERYD ALV , BRODY SAM 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The effect upon respiration, pulse frequency and blood pressure in man during the inhalation of 100 % oxygen at atmospheric pressure has been studied.Expiration volume. In all cases an increase, averaging 15.4 %.Respiration frequency. In all cases an inconsiderable increase.Vital capacity. In most cases a decrease, averaging 3.03 %.Pulse frequency. In all cases an almost immediate decrease, averaging 9.1 %.Blood pressure. In most cases a decrease in pulse pressure. The diastolic blood pressure showed a statistically significant increase of, on an average, 5.7 %. The systolic pressure was almost constant.No toxic symptoms were observed during these experiments.
Studies on the Influence of Exercise on the Serum Iron in Man
Authors: BIÖRCK GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.An attempt was made by duplicate determinations of serum iron in 13 cases (6 males, 7 females), who did severe exercise, and another 13 controls (6 males, 7 females), who did no exercise, to investigate the fate of serum iron during and after exercise. Owing to great individual variations in both directions and a correspondingly great standard deviation no significant changes were observed, neither in the groups, nor between them.
The Phosphate Metabolism in the Hypophyseal‐Diencephalic System and Ovaries of Rats Determined by Means of P32
Authors: BORELL U. , WESTMAN A. , ÖRSTRÖM A. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In the present study experiments were made on rats to demonstrate by means of radioactive phosphorus the phosphate turnover in the tuber cinereum, adenohypophysis and ovaries during the phases of the reproductive cycle. The following results were obtained.

Tuber cinereum. The phosphate turnover reaches its peak during prooestrus. During the following phases it is markedly depressed.
Adenohypophysis. The phosphate turnover is considerably greater than in the tuber cinereum. Also in the adenohypophysis maximum metabolic activity was observed during prooestrus.
Ovary. The phosphate turnover is most intense during prooestrus and dioestrus.
These observations lend further support to the assumption that, from the functional point of view, the hypophyseal and diencephalic systems should be looked upon as a unity.
On the Possible Significance of the Lymphoid Organs for the Production of Serum Proteins in the Rat.1
Authors: ANDREASEN ERIK , BING JENS , GOTTLIEB OLE , HARBOE NIELS 
Published: December 2008

Summary.By means of subtotal extirpation (comprising until 90 per cent.) of the lymphoid organs in the rat an attempt has been made to throw some light upon the possible connexion between these organs and the formation of serum proteins. In the early period after the operations an unspecific, slight increase of the serum globulin and a corresponding decrease of the serum albumin was demonstrated. After cessation of the mesenchymal reactions due to wound healing the serum proteins were found within the normal range. This seems to dispose of the organoid lymphoid tissue (thymus, lymph nodes and spleen) as an essential factor in the production of serum proteins.
Polarity of Dark‐Adapted Retinal on/off‐Elements as a Function of Wave‐Length
Authors: GERNANDT BO 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The micro‐electrode technique and the eye of the fully dark‐adapted cat have been used for measurements of off/on‐ratios and polarities of retinal elements tested with red, green and blue light.With red stimuli anodal and cathodal elements are distributed symmetrically over the off/on‐ratios, but, if the latter be determined with green or blue light, elements of lower off/on‐ratio tend to be cathodal those of higher off/on‐ratio anodal.The results are correlated with the relative values for the off/on‐ratios in the three wave‐lengths.
A Method for the Determination of Arginine in Urine and Serum with Remarks on the Excretion of Arginine in Humans
Authors: JOHNSEN VALBORG KOEFOED 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A method is described for determining arginine in urine and serum colorimetrically after adsorption in 70 % alcoholic solution on an alkaline column of A1203 and subsequent eluation with 1/10 n HC1.A few experiments regarding the reabsorption of arginine in the renal tubules are reported.
Determination of Benzoyl‐Glycuronic Acid in Urine
Authors: BORGSTRÖM. BENGT 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The paper contains a description of a method of determining benzoyl‐glycuronic acid in urine. The method is based on direct determination of the benzoic acid to be found in the benzoyl‐glycuronic acid after previous hydrolysis. After the introduction of a correction for hydrolysis of hippuric acid, the method can be considered practically specific as regards the determinations of benzoyl‐glycuronic acid in urine.
A New Method for the Investigation of the Curarizing Effect of Tarions Substances, with some Practical Applications. (Investigation of the Effect of Chloroform and Nitrous Oxide.)
Authors: NÆSS KNUT 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The purpose of the present paper is to describe a new technique for investigating the curarizing effect of various substances, and moreover to demonstrate some of its practical applications.In connection with a review of the previous methods in this field, some comments are offered on their theoretical and practical disadvantages.In the introduction the terms “partial and complete curarizing effect” are accurately defined.The new method is based on the phenomenon discovered by WEDENSKY, viz. the relation between the frequencies of the impulses transmitted by the motor endplate and the stage of cura‐rization.Using a stepwise increasing curarization the increasing effect of curare (Intocostrin) on the function of the neuro‐muscular junction may be followed in the myograms produced by indirect stimulation at various frequencies. This is demonstrated by an experiment.As an example of the applicability of the technique an experiment is reported, in which the relatively strong curarizing effect of chloroform is demonstrated, and in the same experiment the synergism between chloroform and curare is shown.Finally it is demonstrated that nitrous oxide in the concentrations usually employed has no curarizing effect, neither alone nor in conjunction with curare. Moreover it is shown that ether at low concentrations has a very strong effect when employed with curare.
The Limits of Error of the Assay of Pregnant Mares' Serum Gonadotropin by the Ovarian Weight Methol
Authors: JACOBSOHN DORA 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

The precision of the assay of pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin with the ovarian weight method is determined. With the material and method employed for the investigation presented, the limits of error of the assay are ± 15% or less (P = 0.05), when a number of 30 to 45 animals are used each for the standard and the unknown preparation.
The susceptibility of the rats' ovary is variable. Therefore the potency of a preparation should be determined by simultaneously testing the standard and the unknown.
A design for the assay is described. The design should be made with due regard to the level of precision required.
The Functional Organization of the Peripheral Autonomic Innervation.1
Authors: HILLARP NILS‐ÅKE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The reaction of the glantlular cells in the submaxillary and sub‐lingual glands of the rat has been cytologically investigated on indirect stimulation, before and after partial sympathetic or parasympathetic denervation. A clear explanation of the results obtained could be presented on the basis of neuro‐secretory units in these glands. On the other hand a diffusion of the chemical mediators according to the view of Cannon and Rosenblueth seems not to have any significant importance for the innervation. Thus the present results support the conception concerning the functional organization of the peripheral autonomic nervous system advanced in a previous paper.
A Further Note on Optical Specificity in Methylation Processes
Authors: STEENSHOLT GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A study is made of optical specificity effects in the methylation of ethanol amine and dimcthyl ethanol amine to choline with methionine as methyl donator. It is found that d‐methionine is considerably more efficient as methyl donator than the I‐form. The significance of this fact is briefly discussed.
Effects of Antihistamine Compounds on the Adrenaline Liberation from the Suprarenals
Authors: EMMELIN NILS , MUREN ANDERS 
Published: December 2008

Summary. Antihistamine compounds (antergan, antistine, benadryl, neoantergan, 929 F and pyribenzamine) antagonize the action of histamine on the adrenal medulla. This antagonism is specific. The adrenaline releasing effect of acetylcholine, KC1, or bile salts is not abolished by antihistamine drugs. Antergan, benadryl, neoantergan and pyribenzamine injected into the central stump of the coeliac artery cause an output of adrenaline from the suprarenals.
A Simplified Method for Estimating the Histaminolytic Activity of Plasma in Pregnancy.1
Authors: WICKSELL FINN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A modification of Ahlmark's method for the determination of histaminolytic activity of plasma during pregnancy is described. It is demonstrated that the lengthy and drastic chemical treatment of the plasma samples may be omitted.In principle the method described consists of three steps:

Incubation at 37° C of a mixture containing plasma, histamine and Tyrode's solution.
Withdrawal of samples at certain intervals and arrestment of histaminolysis by heating these samples to boiling point.
Biological assay of the undecomposed histamine on isolated gut from a guinea‐pig.Histaminolytic activities as low as 0.006 γ/ml/h may be detected with this method. The error is 12–17 per cent.
Accumulation in the Canine Lymph During Reactive Hyperaemia of a Substance Contracting the Guinea Pig's Out Which is Not Histamine
Authors: CARLSTEN ARNE , KAHLSON GEORG , WICKSELL FINN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In reactive hyperaemia on anaesthetized dogs the following observations were made:

Ultrafiltrates and extracts from lymph emerging from regions during reactive hyperaemia after restriction of the circulation did not contain histamine in higher concentration than corresponding samples obtained during unrestricted circulation; in both instances the histamine content of the lymph was below that which can be detected by available methods.
Reactive hyperaemia did not cause an increase in the histamine concentration of venous plasma emerging from regions subjected to circulatory arrest.
The histaminolytic activity of lymph was not changed by reactive hyperaemia.
After repeated periods of arrest of the circulation and subsequent reactive hyperaemia an agent which contracts the guinea‐pig's ileum accumulated in the lymph. Some pharmacological properties of this agent are described.
Observations on Histamine and Histaminolysis in Pregnancy.1
Authors: WICKSELL FINN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

No changes were found to take place in the histamine content of plasma or urine during parturition. In agreernent with earlier investigators urine was found to contain histamine in a free form and also in a conjugated form, from which it can be liberated through acid hydrolysis.
The histarninolytic activity of placenta is very high. Inspite of this histamine is present in this organ. Contrary to what is thecase in maternal plasma the histaminolytic power of foetal plasma is low. No decrease in the histamine c, ontent takes place when foetal plasma flows through the placenta. The histamine content of maternal and foetal plasma is of the same order. Histamine seems t o be present in the plasma in a form which is ultrafilterable but not attacked by the histaminase.
The size of the flare of the triple response caused by intra‐dermal injections of histamine is of the same order in pregnant and non‐pregnant women.
The Histamine Sensitivity of Smooth Muscles in Pregnant Guinea‐Pigs
Authors: WICKSELL FINN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

A method for using the guinea‐pig's urinary bladder as an in vivo test for histamine is described.
The sensitivity to histamine of the bronchi and the urinary bladder is tested in male, virginal female and pregnant guinea pigs. These experiments do not indicate that there is any decrease in histamine sensitivity of smooth muscles in pregnancy which can be correlated with the increased histaminolytic activity of plasma.
Further Investigations on the Transformation of Histidine and Related Substances to Creatine by Animal Tissue in Vitro
Authors: STEENSHOLT GUNNAR 
Published: December 2008

Summary.An investigation is made of the transformation of imidazole lactic acid, urocanic acid and imidazole acetic acid to creatine by rat muscle tissue in vitro. The rate of transformation of imidazole acetic acid is much smaller than that of the other imidazole acids and of histidine. The presence of certain methyl donators does not influence the yield of creatine, and it is concluded that guanidine acetic acid does not form an intermediary step in the process. The pH optimum is determined and the effect of certain inhibitors is studied. The possible interpretations of these findings are briefly discussed.
On the Presence of Erythropoietins in the Plasma from Sheep Fetuses During the Latter Half of Gestation
Authors: BONSDORFF EVA 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In order to demonstrate the presence of erythropoietins in foetal plasma, the following experiments were performed.

Controls. Plasma from pregnant ewes and adult, non‐pregnant sheep was injected intraperitoneally into 6 rabbits, immunized against sheep plasma. The adult plasma caused a slight eythro‐cytosis and reticulocytosis on the 1st day after injection, which was on the 2nd day replaced by erythropenia, with a normal percentage of reticulocytes.
Plasma from 5 sheep foetuses aged from 71 to 121 days was injected into 8 immunized rabbits. An erythrocytosis was observed on the 2 first days after injection, and a remarkable increase in the percentage of reticulocytes took place. The red cell values were decreased below the initial level on the 4th and 5th day, though never as low as in the control group on corresponding days. The reticulocytosis lasted for 4 days. The increase in the red cells and reticulocytes compared to that in the control group was found statistically significant.

It is concluded, that the fontal plasma near term is more active in promoting erythrocytosis than adult plasma. The active substance contained in the plasnia probably has a rôle in stimulating the foetuses' bone marrow.
Effect of Dihydroergotamine on the Oxygen Consumption. Experiments on Cats
Authors: MOHME ELLA 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The effect of dihydroergotamine (DHE) on the oxygen consumption has been investigated by the author in experiments on cats. When about 30 minutes have elapsed after the injection of DHE in a dosage of 25 γ per kg of the body‐weight, the effect sets in. About 50–110 minutes after the injection the oxygen consumption falls on an average by 9.0 per cent. The fall of the oxygen consumption is attributed to an inhibition of the normal activity of the sympathetic system.
Ischaemic Paralysis of a Uniform Nerve
Authors: FRANKENHAEUSER B. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The ischaemic blocking of a sensory nerve (the surd nerve) in the rabbit was investigated. The survival time was determined by recording sensory impulses elicited by stimulating skin receptors.In amputation and trachea clamp experiments the survival time as longer in short stretches of ischaemic nerve than in long stretches. This difference was shoirn to be due to oxygen leakage. In tourniquet experinients, where oxygen leakage was prevented, long and short stretches survived for equal times. Thus no gradient in sensitivity to ischaemia in the sural nerve v‐as found. The questions of temperature gradient in the leg, of pressure of the tourniquet upon the nerve and of end organ paralysis were all investigated and shown to be without effect upon ischaemic paralysis in the conditions of these experiments.In spite of the fact that no gradient in ischaemia‐sensitivity in the nerve was found, the proximal part of the surd area responded some 3–7 minutes longer than the distal.Fibres from slomly adapting receptors were blocked later than fibres from hair touch receptors, although the conduction rates of “hair touch fibres” were shown to overlap completely those of “slowly adapting fibres”.The findings in the present paper are compared with earlier investigations.
The Action of Salyrgan on Skin Permeability ‐Salyrgan as a Spreading Factor
Authors: EDLUND T. , LINDERHOLM H. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A spreading factor activity of intravenously and locally injected salyrgan2 was demonstrated. The increased spreading was also exhibited by dead, locally treated, rabbits up to about 1 hour after death.The spreading factor activity of sailorman is discussed in relation to some of the extra renal effects of the drug, and it was concluded that most of these effects may be attributed to a spreading activity of the drug.
Pharmacological Properties of Some New N‐substituted Barbituric Acid Derivatives
Authors: SANDBERG FINN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.In a new series of ultra short‐acting barbiturates of the general formula R1 CO‐NH C CO R2 CO‐N CH2 COOC2H5 no definite relationship was found between chemical structure and pharmacological efficiency in rats. There was no correlation between the properties potency, toxicity, duration of action, incidence and induction time. They are independent qualities and must lie treated separately.The logarithm of the time for duration of action showed normal distribution and all calculations were performed on logarithmic values. The non‐reactors formed a group, significantly separated from those where narcosis succeeded.Hexobarbitone (Evipan) was used as a reference standard and it was injected into all animals to control that there was no heterogeneity.The significance of the differences in the qualities examined between two derivatives was tested by t‐analysis.Table I give the details of the results obtained.