bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of psychotherapy in patients with personality disorder: The impact of gender, character traits, affect regulation, and quality of object‐relations
Authors: Löffler‐Stastka Henriette , Ponocny‐Seliger Elisabeth , Fischer‐Kern Melitta , Leithner Katharina 
Published: November 2005

Objectives. The aim of the study was to generate hypotheses for examining gender differences in variables with predictive value for the utilization of psychotherapy in patients with personality disorders (PDs).Design. Personality traits, affect experience and regulation, the quality of object relations and interpersonal problems within the process of psychotherapy planning were assessed in 140 psychiatric outpatients.Methods. Besides the structured clinical interviews for DSM‐IV I+II, variables were assessed with the Shedler‐Westen assessment procedure (SWAP‐200), the affect regulation and experience Q sort (AREQ), the quality of object‐relations scale (QORS), and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Correlation and group difference statistics, regression and canonical correlation analysis were performed.Results. Predictors concerning the utilization or non‐utilization of psychotherapy were a schizoid PD rating a self‐report of subassertive behaviour related to interpersonal problems in women, and a narcissistic PD rating in men. Canonical correlations between predictors and quality of object relations or interpersonal problems were found in women, while in men there was merely a tendency for predictor and affect regulation to be related.Conclusion . The results suggest that for men it is more important to interpret the dominating affect, while for women, understanding the pathological object relation pattern is useful for successful therapy planning.
A prospective study of the effectiveness of group and individual psychotherapy for women CSA survivors
Authors: Ryan M. , Nitsun M. , Gilbert L. , Mason H. 
Published: November 2005

Objectives. There is little empirical evidence to guide clinical practice in treating adult patients presenting to adult mental health and primary care services with severe psychological difficulties consequent on childhood sexual abuse. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a model of short term, focal, integrative psychotherapy with this population of patients and to compare outcomes when the model is delivered on an individual or group basis.Design. This study used a patient preference design with random allocation to one of two treatment modalities (individual or group treatment). There was a waiting list control.Method. A group of 48 women patients were assessed on 4 psychological measures when entering a waiting list condition, immediately before treatment and after completion of 12 sessions of psychotherapy, either in a group or individually. Follow‐up data were collected at 4 months and 8 months.Results. Both individual and group patients showed highly statistically and clinically significant improvements after treatment. These gains were maintained at follow‐up with the exception of one measure that indicated a significant decline from post‐treatment levels for the group patients.Conclusions. This model of psychotherapy is highly effective, when delivered by chartered clinical psychologists to patients whose preferences for individual or group therapy have been met.
Development of wet strength additives from wheat gluten
Authors: Ren Dakai , Li Kaichang 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Glyoxal-polyacrylamide (GPA) resin is widely used as a wet strength additive for various paper and paperboard products. However, GPA resin is derived from petrochemicals and contributes to contaminants in the recycling of papers. Wheat gluten is one of the most abundant proteins in nature. This research investigated how to convert gliadin, a key component of wheat gluten, to an effective temporary wet-strength additive. Gliadin was first modified with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTA) to generate positively charged GTA-gliadin. Further reaction of GTA-gliadin with glyoxal yielded GTA-gliadin-glyoxal resins. Conditions for these two reactions were investigated to maximize the dry and wet strengths of GTA-gliadin-glyoxal-treated paper. At a dosage of 1 wt.%, GTA-gliadin-glyoxal resin was comparable to GPA resin in terms of enhancing the dry and wet strengths of treated paper.
Characterization of electrolyzed magnesium spent-sulfite liquor
Authors: Ringena Okko , Saake Bodo , Lehnen Ralph 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Spent sulfite liquor derived from magnesium bisulfite pulping of beech was electrolyzed in a pilot-plantelectrolysis cell. During the electrochemical treatment (125 mA cm−2; 60°C; 180 min), desalination of the anolyte took place and the magnesium concentration was reduced to approximately 60%. In addition, the pH decreased from 5 to 1. Three differently treated liquors (SSL pH 5; SSLe pH 2.5; SSLe pH 1) were chosen for further analysis. The average molar mass of the fractions was determined by size exclusion chromatography. Extended electrolysis time increased the molar mass of the lignosulfonates (M
w: SSL pH 5, 5700 g mol−1; SSLe pH 2.5, 6500 g mol−1; SSLe pH 1, 7400 g mol−1). The content of phenolic hydroxyl and sulfonic acid groups did not undergo significant changes. Nevertheless, lignosulfonates obtained after electrolysis showed higher charge densities than the unmodified product (SSL pH 5, 1590 μeq g−1; SSLe pH 2.5, 1760 μeq g−1; SSLe pH 1, 1920 μeq g−1). Separation of the liquors into five fractions was performed using four ultrafiltration membranes (100, 50, 10 and 1 kDa). This allowed detailed structural analysis of high- and low-molar-mass lignosulfonate fractions in terms of the modifications induced by electrolysis.
Effect of wood species and molecular weight of phenolic resins on curing behavior and bonding development
Authors: He Guangbo , Yan Ning 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
In this study, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to investigate the curing behavior and bonding performance of phenolic resins with different molecular weights as a function of three wood species. The curing process of the resin was characterized by both gel point and tanδ. The change in storage modulus before and after curing was used to characterize the bonding development. Resin molecular weight was found to significantly influence the curing process, while the effect of wood on the curing behavior among the three species was not clear. The resin should contain a low-molecular-weight fraction and a high-molecular-weight fraction to achieve the best bonding performance. The optimum molecular weight and molecular weight distribution was found to be different among the different wood species studied.
Contact-free measurement and non-linear finite element analyses of strain distribution along wood adhesive bonds
Authors: Serrano Erik , Enquist Bertil 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
The strain distribution along wood adhesive bonds was studied using a contact-free measurement system based on a white-light digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Two different specimen geometries and three different adhesives were investigated. The specimen geometries were according to the standards EN302-1 and ASTM D905. The adhesives tested were a phenolic resorcinol (PRF), a one-component polyurethane (PUR) and an epoxy (EPX). In addition to the experimental investigation, a finite element study using a non-linear fracture mechanics model for the adhesive bond line was carried out, aimed at investigating whether deformation measurements could predict differences in the mechanical behaviour of the adhesives. The measurement technique was found to be capable of distinguishing, in terms of their strain distributions at a given load, adhesives that differed markedly from one another. For example, the brittle PRF adhesive showed more localised strains than the more ductile EPX and PUR adhesives did at the same load level. Another conclusion from this study is that the measurement technique used is applicable to situations in which large strains occur. Thus, the technique used here is of great interest for use in the calibration of finite element models and constitutive theories and for the design of test set-ups.
Comparison between HT-dried and LT-dried spruce timber in terms of shape and dimensional stability
Authors: Kliger Robert , Bengtsson Charlotte , Johansson Marie 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
The performance of timber studs from Norway spruce (Picea abies) in terms of shape and dimensional stability was evaluated. The shape stability studied included three modes of distortion, i.e. twist, bow and spring. The dimensional stability was assessed by measuring longitudinal shrinkage and swelling properties. The study comprised 96 studs measuring 45 mm×70 mm×2500 mm from 15 butt logs. Half the studs from each log were dried using a high-temperature method (HT) at 115°C, while the other half were dried using a conventional low-temperature method (LT) at 70°C. Distortion in the studs was measured at moisture contents of 14% and 9%. The HT-dried timber had significantly lower distortion values than the LT-dried timber. As a result, 80% of the high-temperature-dried studs were able to pass the limits for distortion, while only 60% of the low-temperature-dried studs passed the same limit. Studs cut close to the pith displayed the largest twist, independent of the drying method. A simple model for predicting twist that was used in previous studies was also valid for HT-dried timber. The most important parameters in this model for both HT- and LT-dried timber were grain angle, annual ring curvature and tangential shrinkage.
Physical properties of earlywood and latewood of Pinus radiata D. Don: Anisotropic shrinkage, equilibrium moisture content and fibre saturation point
Authors: Pang Shusheng , Herritsch Alfred 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Anisotropic shrinkage (tangential and longitudinal), equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and fibre saturation point (FSP) were measured for separated earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) of a 0.75-m-long log of 20-year old Pinus radiata that was cut at breast height from a selected tree in the forest of Central North Island, New Zealand. The experimental results have shown that at 12% moisture content (MC), tangential shrinkage was 3.23% for EW and 3.90% for LW, with an overall average of 3.56%. Longitudinal shrinkage was 0.23% for EW and 0.21% for LW with an overall average of 0.22%. Shrinkage for the oven dry (OD) state showed similar trends to those at 12% MC in terms of the differences between EW and LW. The tangential and longitudinal shrinkage varied significantly along the radius from pith to bark. The EW tangential shrinkage increased from pith to the seventh growth ring and then remained relatively constant until the last ring adjacent to the bark. The LW tangential shrinkage also increased from the pith outwards until the seventh growth ring, but beyond that was more variable than the EW shrinkage. Both EW and LW showed similar longitudinal shrinkage, with the highest values in the second growth ring, from which the shrinkage decreased exponentially towards the bark. LW had a slightly higher EMC than EW at a relative humidity (RH) below 80%, but the trend was reversed for RH above 80%. The EMC differences between EW and LW were less than 0.6%. The overall average FSP for Pinus radiata was 29.1%, with actual values varying from 25% to 32.8%. The earlywood FSP (28.9%) was slightly lower than that of the latewood (29.4%).
Charge and mass distribution in7Li induced fission of232Th
Authors: Tripathi R. , Sudarshan K. , Sodaye S. , Tomar B. S. , Gubbi G. K. , Goswami A. , Reddy A. V. R. , Manohar S. B. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryFormation cross sections of about forty fission products have been determined using recoil catcher technique followed by off line gamma-ray spectrometry in7Li induced fission of232Th atElab= 41.9, 36.6 and 31.4 MeV. The measured data have been used to deduce charge and mass distributions. Mass distribution is found to be asymmetric at all the three energies. Cross sections of evaporation residues formed in both transfer reactions (232,233,234Pa) as well as in complete fusion (234Np), have also been measured. The measured evaporation residue cross sections and the decay probabilities of target like nuclei (233,234,235Pa) formed in the various transfer reactions, as calculated by PACE2, have been used to estimate the transfer induced fission cross sections. The data indicated that the magnitude of transfer induced fission is very small.
Direct evidence for enhanced inner-sphere chloro complexation of Eu(III) and Cm(III) in anion exchange resin phase studied by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Arisaka Makoto , Kimura Takaumi , Suganuma Hideo , Yoshida Zenko 
Published: November 2005

Summary
In anion exchange resin systems with LiCl-aqueous and LiCl-(H2O + CH3OH) solutions, the extent of chloro complexation of M(III) (M = Eu, Cm) was estimated from inner-sphere hydration number (N
H2O), i.e., the number of water molecules in the first coordination sphere of M(III) and from peak area ratio (A
2/A
1) of 5
D
0 → 7
F
2 transition (A
2) to 5
D
0 → 7
F
1 transition (A
1) in emission spectrum of Eu(III), which reflects the ligand environment both in the inner- and outer-spheres of Eu(III). The N
H2O of M(III) both in the solution and resin phases decreased with an increase of LiCl and CH3OH concentrations, indicating the formation of an inner-sphere M(III)-chloro complex. From the comparison of N
H2O between the both phases, it was found that the extent of the inner-sphere chloro complexation of M(III) in the resin phase is higher than that in the solution phase. The A
2/A
1 ratio in the both phases increased with an increase of interaction of Eu(III) with Cl−, which are well correlated with the results of N
H2O. The sorption equilibrium of M(III) was discussed by comparing the extent of the chloro complexation with the distribution coefficient.
Influence of aggregation on the extraction of trivalent lanthanide and actinide cations by purified Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301, and Cyanex 302
Authors: Jensen M. P. , Bond A. H. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThe extraction of trivalent lanthanide (Sm3+, Eu3+) and actinide (Am3+, Cm3+) cations from 1.0 M NaNO3inton-dodecane solutions of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (HC272), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid (HC302), and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (HC301) is reported. In each case, the dependence of the distribution ratios on the total extractant concentration is approximately second power. Using NMR, the dimerization constant of HC301 is determined to be 0.67 ± 0.06 at 25.0 °C in deuteratedn-heptane, implying that the average aggregation of the extractant changes greatly across the extractant concentration range studied. When the effect of aggregation is considered for each of the extractants, the stoichiometries of the extracted complexes are found to be M(H(C272)2)3, M(C302)3, and M(C301)3.
Characterization of a humic gel synthesized from an activated epoxy silica gel
Authors: Barbot C. , Czerwinski K. , Buckau Gunnar , Kim J. I. , Moulin Valérie , Vial M. , Pieri J. , Durand J.-P. , Goudard F. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryPurified humic acid has been covalently bound on activated epoxy silica gel particles. Determination of physical properties and chemical properties was conducted in order to characterize the material at different stages of the preparation. FTIR spectra and the PEC of the surface bound humic acid is very similar to that of humic acid starting material. This shows that the humic acid was not deteriorated during the surface binding process. This humic gel can be used as an analogue for sediment associated humic acid, with the advantage that covalently bound humic acid does not desorb, and thus allows for simple species separation between non-complexed and humic bound metal ions in batch and column experiments.
Electrochemical separation and purification of yttrium-86
Authors: Reischl G. , Rösch Frank , Machulla H.-J. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
For quantitative determination of in vivo dosimetry of 90Y-labeled radiotherapeuticals by means of PET, the positron emitting analogue yttrium-86 was produced at a low energy (“medical”) cyclotron via the known 86Sr(p, n)86Y reaction. Using 200 mg of 86SrCO3 (enrichment 95.6%) and protons of 15.1 MeV energy, average yields of 86Y of 48 ± 8 MBq/µA h were produced. After dissolution of 86SrCO3 in 3 ml of 0.6 N HNO3, 86Y was deposited in a simple and highly efficient electrochemical two-step procedure onto a platinum cathode at 450 mA (= 20 mA/cm2). The isotope was finally removed from the electrode by 100–300 µl of 0.5–1.0 N HCl or 0.3–0.6 N HNO3 resulting in an overall recovery of 88 ± 6% (corrected for decay). Up to 1 GBq of 86Y with high radionuclidic and radiochemical purity were obtained after a 2.5 h irradiation and a radiochemical separation time of 2 h. An ICP/AES analysis of the separated fraction showed a very small amount of strontium (< 0.1 ppm). The chemical purity of 86Y, essential for efficient labeling, was successfully demonstrated by means of complex formation with DOTA and a DOTA-conjugated peptide, exhibiting labeling yields higher than 98%.
Analysis of Homologous Gene Clusters inCaenorhabditis elegansReveals Striking Regional Cluster Domains
Authors: Thomas James H 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAn algorithm for detecting local clusters of homologous genes was applied to the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Clusters of two or more homologous genes are abundant, totaling 1391 clusters containing 4607 genes, over one-fifth of all genes in C. elegans. Cluster genes are distributed unevenly in the genome, with the large majority located on autosomal chromosome arms, regions characterized by higher genetic recombination and more repeat sequences than autosomal centers and the X chromosome. Cluster genes are transcribed at much lower levels than average and very few have gross phenotypes as assayed by RNAi-mediated reduction of function. The molecular identity of cluster genes is unusual, with a preponderance of nematode-specific gene families that encode putative secreted and transmembrane proteins, and enrichment for genes implicated in xenobiotic detoxification and innate immunity. Gene clustering in Drosophila melanogaster is also substantial and the molecular identity of clustered genes follows a similar pattern. I hypothesize that autosomal chromosome arms in C. elegans undergo frequent local gene duplication and that these duplications support gene diversification and rapid evolution in response to environmental challenges. Although specific gene clusters have been documented in C. elegans, their abundance, genomic distribution, and unusual molecular identities were previously unrecognized.
Organic Materials and Thin‐Film Structures for Cross‐Point Memory Cells Based on Trapping in Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Bozano L. D. , Kean B. W. , Beinhoff M. , Carter K. R. , Rice P. M. , Scott J. C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNon‐volatile solid‐state memory cells based on composites of metal nanoparticles and polymers are embedded in organic semiconducting host materials. This paper presents data from a wide range of materials and device structures and shows that the switching phenomenon is commonly observed.
Open‐Pore Organic Material for Retaining Radioactive I2 and CH3I
Authors: Hertzsch T. , Gervais C. , Hulliger J. , Jaeckel B. , Guentay S. , Bruchertseifer H. , Neels A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractApplication of ultrasound and ball milling produces micrometer‐sized crystallites of tris‐(o‐phenylenedioxy)‐cyclotriphosphazene (TPP) that show zeolite‐like reversible sorption of I2 and CH3I (methyl iodide). The thermal stability of open‐pore TPP is improved by partial loading with pyrazine. The sorption properties of open‐pore TPP are investigated by the 131I radioactive tracer method. Comparison with activated charcoal (ACC) shows that TPP has a higher sorption efficiency for I2 dissolved in water than ACC. In the case of a humid gaseous source of CH3I also, TPP exhibits better sorption properties than ACC. Partial loading of open‐pore TPP by pyrazine increases its thermal stability by 50 °C and the binding properties for retaining CH3I are also improved. Force‐field calculations show a difference of ΔE ≈ 20 kJ mol–1, making the open‐pore system less stable than the apohost.
Biomimetic Formation of Hydroxyapatite Nanorods by a Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformation
Authors: Zhan J. , Tseng Y.‐H. , Chan J. C. C. , Mou C.‐Y. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractUniform nanorods of hydroxyapatite (HAP) with an unusual orthorhombic shape have been synthesized from homogeneous solutions of Ca2+and HPO42–in the presence of gelatin and urea. The lengths of the nanorods are in the range of hundreds of micrometers, and the widths are about 100 nm. The HAP phase is generated by the transformation from its precursor phase of octacalcium phosphate (OCP), which has been monitored by X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The rise in pH due to the decomposition of urea drives the OCP transformation to HAP. In the presence of gelatin, nanorods of OCP phase formed first and then transformed into the HAP phase, preserving the single‐crystal morphology. On the other hand, blade‐like OCP crystals form from the solution in the absence of gelatin. On increasing the pH of the solution, the large, blade‐like OCP crystals tend to crash into irregular, hexagonal HAP crystallites. A single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal topochemical transformation may be attributed to the evolution of HAP nanorods from the precursor OCP phase. This gives a strong indication as to the OCP to HAP transformation mechanism in the mineralization of biological apatite in tooth enamel and bone.
Fabrication of Microcantilever Sensors Actuated by Piezoelectric Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Thick Films and Determination of Their Electromechanical Characteristics
Authors: Park J. H. , Kwon T. Y. , Yoon D. S. , Kim H. , Kim T. S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe integration and the device realization of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) thick films on Si substrates are known to be extremely difficult because the processing temperature of the PZT thick film is close to the melting point of Si. However, PZT thick‐film devices on Si warrant attention as they are appropriate for biological transducers; they generate large actuating forces and have a relatively high sensitivity for mass detection, especially in liquids. In this study, Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thick‐film cantilever devices are successfully fabricated on a Pt/TiO2/SiNx/Si substrate using a screen‐printing method and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process. Elastic and electromechanical properties such as the Young's modulus and transverse piezoelectric coefficient are determined from microstructural and electrical analyses for further mechanical study. The calculated Young's modulus of the thick film, 53.9 ± 3.85 GPa, corresponds to the resonant frequency obtained from the measured harmonic oscillation response. The transverse piezoelectric constant, d31, of –20.7 to –18.8 pC N–1 is comparable to that of a dense thin film. These values promise the possibility of determining the resonance properties of a thick‐film cantilever by designing its structure and then simulating the harmonic oscillation response. Using the PZT thick‐film cantilever, a strong harmonic oscillation with a quality (Q) factor of about 23 is demonstrated in water. The observation of strong harmonic oscillation in liquid implies the feasibility of precise real‐time recognition of biomolecules using PZT thick‐film cantilevers.