bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying teachers` readiness for implementing the problem of military-patriotic education among high school students: organization and results of the all-ukrainian survey
Authors: Kanishevska L. 
Published: March 2024

The article aims to present the results of an All-Ukrainian survey of teachers from institutions of general secondary education on the problem of military-patriotic education among high school students.
The All-Ukrainian survey of teachers was conducted nationwide from October to November 2023 (during the ascertainment stage of the research) with the support of regional administrations and local education departments.
The All-Ukrainian survey was carried out within the framework of the applied research topic “Organizational-Pedagogical Conditions and Technologies for Ensuring the Unity of Physical and Military-Patriotic Education of Students of Institutions of General Secondary Education” based on the Laboratory of National-Patriotic Education of the Institute of Problems on Education of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine (the head is L.V. Kanishevska, Doctor of Sciences in Education, Professor). The organizers of the All-Ukrainian survey of teachers were L. V. Kanishevska – Doctor of Sciences in Education, Professor; V.V. Ragozina – Ph.D., Senior Researcher.
21665 teachers from 19 regions of Ukraine participated in the All-Ukrainian survey. Such a sample ensures the reliability of the survey results on the problem of military-patriotic education. Teachers participated in the survey voluntarily.
The diagnostic toolkit was developed in Google Forms and presented in digital format (on Google Drive). Access to the questionnaires was provided to respondents by sending appropriate invitations.
The questionnaire for teachers was aimed to determine the educators’ readiness to implement the problem of military- patriotic education among high school students. For this purpose, the questionnaire included questions regarding the forms and methods used for implementing military-patriotic education in lessons and extracurricular activities, as well as students’ interest in military-patriotic content.
The research only covers some aspects of addressing the multifaceted issue of high school students’ military-patriotic education in martial law conditions. We see the perspective of further research in developing and testing organizational and pedagogical conditions to ensure the unity of physical and military-patriotic education of high school students in martial law conditions.
Determination of activity of reflexogenic zones of the body during performance of static exercise of Hatha Yoga (Supta Virasana)
Authors: Musiyenko Olena , Hurtova Tetiana , Maksymiak Vasyl 
Published: March 2024

By measuring electrical conductivity on different meridians of the human body, it is possible to obtain data of different meridian energies. The purpose of our work was to determine the effect of physical exercises on the body using the means of acupuncture diagnostics according to the method of J. Nakatani, using the example of a static exercise, which is performed similarly to the Supta Virasana exercise (Hero lying down from Hatha Yoga). We chose this exercise because of its popularity, static execution and ease of study. In our work, we assumed that the use of this technique is possible not only for diagnosing diseases, but also for determining the effect of physical exercises on certain organs and systems of the body. Ten female students of DSPU named after I. Franko, 18-20 years old, who perfectly mastered the technique of performing this exercise. Measurements were taken before, during and after 6 minutes of exercise. The results of the research showed significant changes in the indicators of electrical activity in the representative points of the meridians of the human body. The selected static exercise has a rather significant effect on the human body. Asana suppresses the activity of the small intestine and pancreas, that is, it helps to slow down their activity, which is not known in the literature, which is associated with a change in the position of the parenchymal organs due to the bending of the trunk, compression of the neck and abdominal organs, a change in their blood flow, as well as a change general visceral blood circulation due to increased intra-abdominal pressure, which is confirmed by the authors' data.
During Supta Virasana, blood vessels are squeezed at the level of the front surface of the neck, the back surface of the lower limb, as a result of which the blood flow in the neck slows down. Instead, blood circulation in the shoulder girdle, pelvis, chest and abdominal cavity slows down. Gas exchange also undergoes changes as a result of slowing down breathing. This changes the functioning of individual organs: it slows down the function of the bladder and pancreas; activates the liver.
So, the method of acupuncture diagnostics chosen by us makes it possible to determine the electrical activity of the meridians of the human body during static physical exercises. It is possible to propose the use of this method of studying the impact of static exercises on the human body along with other generally accepted scientific methods.
Taking into account aspects of the social being of students as a key form of pedagogical control in the organization of the educational process in the extreme conditions of the state of war
Authors: Omelchuk O.V. , Matviіenko Mykhailo 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the study was to clarify the results of the first stage of the system of research on the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process in extreme conditions of military rule. The main tasks were: to carry out an analysis of pedagogical and psychological scientific sources regarding the main characteristics of research on the control of educational activities in conditions of psychological stress; present the first stage of empirical research and present for discussion the problematic issues of studying the social conditions of students and their influence on the educational process in situations of martial law and remote and extreme forms of education.
The work sheds light on the authors' interpretation of the meaning of the concepts "extreme situation", "state of emergency" and points out their views on the study of psychological states in such conditions.
The novelty of the study should be considered the forms and methods of research and methodical implementation proposed by the authors regarding taking into account the psychological states of students and their influence on the educational process with the further use of their results in pedagogical control and the process of developing methodological recommendations.
The conclusions indicate the expediency of taking into account the social conditions and psychological states of the subjects of the educational process in various formats and methods of pedagogical control. It is emphasized that such aspects create the effect of psychological support, the formation of trust in the teacher, which in turn affects the quality of the educational process.
700°C A-USC Technology Development in Japan
Authors: Fukuda M. , Yoshida T. , Iseda A. , Semba H. , Saito E. , Kitamura M. , Dohi T. , Aoki H. , Muroki K. , Fukutomi H. , Sato K. , Takahashi K. , Saito N. , Hirakawa Y. , Nishii T. , Takahashi T. , Takano T. , Matsubara Y. , Yagi Y. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Since 2008, Japanese boiler, turbine and valve manufacturers, research institutes and utility companies have been working together to develop 700V A·USC technology, with support from the Japanese government. The key areas of discussion are technology development of high temperature materials such as nickel-based alloys and advanced 9Cr steels, and their application to actual power plants. At the EPRI conference in 2013, our report mainly focused on the development of fundamental material and manufacturing technology during the first five years of the project, and the preparation status of the boiler component test and turbine rotor test for the latter four years of the project. The boiler component test, using a commercially-operating boiler, began in May 2015 and is scheduled to be finished by the end of 2016. The turbine rotor test at 700°C with actual speed will be carried out from September 2016 to March 2017. At this year’s conference, we will: l) briefly summarize the development of fundamental material and manufacturing technology and 2) provide an update on the progress of the boiler component test and the turbine rotor test.
Material and Design Aspects for Modern Steam Power Plants
Authors: Kern Torsten-Ulf , Almstedt Henning 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There are main drivers for the design and assessment of steam turbine components of today such as demands for improved materials, higher plant cycling operation, and reduced life-cycle costs. New materials have been developed over the last decades resulting in advanced martensitic 9-10CrMoV steels already applied in different types of turbines successfully. Heavy cyclic loading getting more importance than in the past results in utilization of the fatigue capabilities at high and low temperatures which might lead to crack initiation and subsequent crack propagation. Fracture mechanics methods and evaluation concepts have demonstrated their applicability to assess the integrity of components with defects or crack-like outage findings. Based on realistic modelling of the failure mechanism, accurate prediction of crack sizes at failure state can be improved defining the appropriate damage criteria. Ductility is a main aspect for robust design but its value definition can depend on component type, design rules, real loading conditions, service experience, and material characteristics. The question which direct material parameter is able to serve as limit value in design and how it can be determined has to be solved. Examples of advanced analysis methods for creep crack growth and fatigue interaction involving the crack initiation time show that the reserves of new martensitic 9-10Cr steels in high temperature application can be well quantified. The creep rupture elongation Au and the loading conditions in the crack far field are main factors. If the Au value is sufficient high also after long-time service, the material remains robust against cracks. Investigations into the influence of stress gradients on life time under fatigue and creep fatigue conditions show that e.g. for 10CrMoWV rotor steel crack growth involvement offers further reserves. The consideration of constraint effect in fracture mechanics applied to suitable materials allows for further potentials to utilize margin resulting from classical design. The new gained knowledge enables a more precise determination of component life time via an adapted material exploitation and close interaction with advanced design rules.
Creep Degradation Assessment of Ni-Based Alloys by Hardness Method
Authors: Masuyama Fujimitsu , Ishiyama Kazuki , Yamaguchi Tomiko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The creep degradation/life assessment for high temperature critical component materials is absolutely needed to assure the long-term service operation and there is little experience with the service exposure of the high temperature components made of newly developed Ni-based alloys. In this study, therefore, the creep degradation assessment study on the Ni-based alloys, Alloy 617 and HR6W was conducted based on the hardness method, because the hardness measurement is a useful and simple technique for the materials characterization for any kind of high temperature-serviced steels and alloys. As the result, it was found that the hardness was increased by not only precipitation due to thermal aging but also creep stress/strain, and there existed linear relationship between the applied stress and creep-induced hardness increase. Also the hardness scatter measured was increased along with the progress of creep hardening and damage progressing in terms of creep life consumed. Those findings suggested that the creep life assessment of Ni-based alloys would be possible by means of hardness measurement. The paper also deals with the role and perspective development of non destructive damage detecting techniques, and life assessment issues on Ni-based alloys for A-USC power applications.
Research and Development of a New Austenitic Heat-Resisting Steel SP2215 for 600-620°C USC Boiler Superheater/Reheater Application
Authors: Xie Xishan , Chi Chengyu , Yu Hongyao , Dong Jianxin , Zhang Maicang , Hu Yaohe , Yang Hui , Zhu Cheng , Song Jianxin , Zhu Qiuhua , Cui Zhengqiang , Lin Fusheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For raising thermal efficiency and decreasing CO2 emission, China had constructed the first 600°C ultra-supercritical(USC) fossil power plant in 2006. Now more than a hundred 600°C, 1000MW USC electric power units have been put in service. Recently, China has also developed 620°C USC power units and some of them have been put in service already. Meanwhile, more than fifty 620°C USC boilers will be produced by various China boiler companies. The austenitic steels TP347H, Super304H and HR3C are routinely used for 600°C USC boilers. Among these steels, a big amount of Super304H has been used for boiler superheater/reheater components application. However, Super304H is characterized by good stress-rupture strength but poor corrosion/oxidation resistance. On the other side, HR3C is characterized by very good corrosion/oxidation resistance but lower stress-rupture strength than Super304H. Now, the China 620°C USC project needs a new austenitic heat resisting steel with high stress-rupture strength and good corrosion/oxidation resistance to fulfill the superheater/reheater tube components application requirement. A new austenitic heat resisting steel SP2215 is based on 22Cr-15Ni with certain amount of Cu and also Nb and N for multiphase precipitation (MX, Cu-rich phase, NbCrN) strengthening in Fe-Cr-Ni austenitic matrix and M23C6 carbide precipitation at grain boundaries. This SP2215 new austenitic steel is characterized by high stress-rupture strength (650°C, 105h&gt;130MPa) and good corrosion/oxidation resistance. SP2215 austenitic steel has been commercially produced in tube product form. This SP2215 new austenitic heat-resisting steel is recommended to be used as superheater/reheater components for 620°C USC boiler application.
UNS S31035/1.4990 - A Newly Developed High Strength Heat Resistant Austenitic Stainless Steel for Advanced High Efficiency Coal Fired Power Plants
Authors: Forsberg Urban , Chai Guocai , Hernblom Johan , Peltola Timo , Darley Glenn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Energy requirements and environmental concerns have promoted a development in higher-efficiency coal fired power technologies. Advanced ultra-super critical power plant with an efficiency of higher than 50% is the target in the near future. The materials to be used due to the tougher environments become therefore critical issues. This paper provides a review on a newly developed advanced high strength heat resistant austenitic stainless steel, Sandvik Sanicro 25, for this purpose. The material shows good resistance to steam oxidation and flue gas corrosion, and has higher creep rupture strength than any other austenitic stainless steels available today, and has recently obtained two AMSE code cases. This makes it an interesting option in higher pressures/temperature applications. In this paper, the material development, structure stability, creep strength, steam oxidation and hot corrosion behaviors, fabricability and weldability of this alloy have been discussed. The conclusion is that the Sanicro 25 is a potential candidate for superheaters and reheaters in higher-efficiency coal fired boilers i.e. for applications seeing up to 700°C material temperature.
Development of High Cr Containing FeCrAl Alloys for Fossil Energy Structural Applications
Authors: Yamamoto Yukinori , Pint Bruce A. , Shassere Benjamin , Suresh Babu Sudarsanam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
New Fe-base ferritic alloys based on Fe-30Cr-3Al-Nb-Si (wt.%) were proposed with alloy design concepts and strategies targeted at improved performance of tensile and creep-rupture properties, environmental compatibilities, and weldability, compared to Grade 91/92 type ferritic-martensitic steels. The alloys were designed to incorporate corrosion and oxidation resistance from high Cr and Al additions and precipitate strengthening via second-phase intermetallic precipitates (Fe2Nb Laves phase), with guidance from computational thermodynamics. The effects of alloying additions, such as Nb, Zr, Mo, W, and Ti, on the properties were investigated. The alloys with more than 1 wt.% Nb addition showed improved tensile properties compared to Gr 91/92 steels in a temperature range from 600-800°C, and excellent steam oxidation at 800°C as well. Creep-rupture properties of the 2Nb-containing alloys at 700°C were comparable to Gr 92 steel. The alloy with a combined addition of Al and Nb exhibited improved ash-corrosion resistance at 700°C. Additions of W and Mo were found to refine the Laves phase particles, although they also promoted the coarsening of the particle size during aging. The Ti addition was found to reduce the precipitate denuded zone along the grain boundary and the precipitate coarsening kinetics.
Investigation and Assessment of Stress Corrosion Cracking of Welded HR3C Superheater Pipes of the MPP3 Power Plant
Authors: Hoffmeister Hans , Bader Mirko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The mechanisms of recent cracking failures of HR3C super heater pipes of a fossil power plant in the Netherlands were investigated. Initial failure investigations showed that pitting corrosion of the sensitized HR3C initiated subsequent stress corrosion cracking (SCC). It was concluded that magnesium chloride hydrates from condensed seawater had initiated pitting corrosion as well as SCC similar to the standard ASTM G36 SCC test. By experimental application of the ASTM G36 procedure, this tentative mechanism is reproduced and confirmed by a series of laboratory tests with pure magnesium chloride as well as with synthetic seawater. It included the effects of temperature, magnesium chloride concentrations of the evaporating water and applied bending moments on cracking. As a result for the 175h testing period in MgCl2*6H2O cracking increases significantly above 100°C up to 120°C but is reduced slightly at temperatures up to 155°C. With increasing bending moments, the U-shaped test pieces revealed increasing crack depths up to total fracture of the 5mm thick sections. Lower magnesium chloride concentrations as in concentrated seawater provided identical cracking, however, to a lower extent. It is therefore concluded that the operational failure of the sensitized HR3C super heater pipes was initiated in presence of condensed seawater and followed the same mechanism as found in the experimental investigation. As a conclusion, the presence of seawater saturated air at temperatures between 100° and 155°C should be avoided.
Neutral Zone Crack and Window Opening Failure in SA213 TP347H Bent Tube
Authors: Kong Byeongook , Lee Kyongwoon , Han Jungmin , Chol Yunil , Ma Youngwha , Cha Dojin , Suk JhinIk 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A longitudinal crack and window opening type failure occurred in neutral zone that is applied to least plastic deformation in the bent TP347H tube during operation. From the analysis of residual stress and plastic deformation during the tube bending, there is low creep strength and high residual stress in neutral zone as compared other regions like intrados and extrados. Therefore, failure occurred in neutral zone due to stress relaxation concentrated in grain boundary during operation.
Evaluation of Long-Term Creep Rupture Life of Gr.91 Steel by Analysis of On-Going Creep Curves
Authors: Maruyama Kouichi , Nakamura Junya , Yoshimi Kyosuke , Nagae Yuji 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A methodology is developed for evaluating its creep rupture life from analysis of an on-going creep curve with the aid of an Ω creep curve equation. The method is applied to on-going creep curves of grade 91 steel for evaluating their rupture lives. Quick decrease in creep rupture strength has been reported recently in long-term creep of grade 91 steel. The quick decrease of the steel is discussed by using the rupture lives evaluated. The quick decrease is confirmed in the present study in the time range longer than 3 x 104 h at 600°C.
Investigation and Post Service Creep Testing of a Mis-Heat Treated Seam Welded Grade 91 Hot Reheat Bend
Authors: Brett S J , Kimpton S , Clark A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the results of a collaborative investigation of an ex-service grade 91 bend carried out by the UK generating companies Centrica, SSE, Engie and RWE. As part of the handover exercise for Centrica’s Langage power station in 2009 a number of routine checks were carried out on the main steam and hot reheat grade 91 steam pipework. In some cases low hardness readings were found with subsequent metallurgical replication showing the presence of an aberrant non martensitic microstructure. This led to a more extensive inspection programme on the steam lines and the discovery of other areas of suspect material. A review of the operating capability of the plant, including detailed pipework stress analysis and a pipework peaking assessment, along with the assumption that lower strength grade 91 material was present, led to the steam lines being down rated and returning to service under these revised conditions. At the first C inspection in December 2012, after the HRSG and associated pipework had operated for 18720 hours, a bend with a soft weld, along with a section of the straight pipe on either side, was removed from service. An investigation was undertaken to establish how long this component would have survived, had it been left in service, and to consider the implications for the future operation of the plant.
Life Diagnosis and Extension of a High Temperature Heating Surface
Authors: Cao Haitao , Ma Hong , Zhang Lei , Shi Zhigang , Zheng Fangping , He Xipeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Through inner wall oxidation scale thickness measurement, sampling tests and installation of wall temperature measuring device in the boiler, the equivalent wall temperature and its distribution of secondary high temperature reheater tube were estimated and verified, and the temperature field distribution of tube platen which is of single peak distribution in the direction vertical to tube platen and an apparent lower temperature distribution covered by the smoke shield at the side of boiler wall were both obtained. For the middlemost 10CrMo910, the wall temperature of individual tube was getting close to 600°C. Afterwards material state and residual creep life of tube platen were estimated and calculated. The results of estimate and calculation show that the tube platen in the middle is not suitable for further service due to its degraded material states and lower antioxidant ability. Thus with consideration of distribution characteristics of temperature field, parts of tube platens in the middle are proposed to be replaced with T91 tubes. Furthermore, to avoid onsite heat treatment, 10CrMo910 tube covered by the smoke shield in the boiler was reserved, and a small piece of 10CrMo910 tube was welded at the inlet and outlet ends respectively in the manufactory.