bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning, characterization and regulation of two different NADH‐glutamate synthase cDNAs in bean nodules
Authors: BLANCO LOURDES , REDDY PALLAVOLU M. , SILVENTE SONIA , BUCCIARELLI BRUNA , KHANDUAL SANGHAMITRA , ALVARADO‐AFFANTRANGER XOCHITL , SÁNCHEZ FEDERICO , MILLER SUSAN , VANCE CARROLL , LARA‐FLORES MIGUEL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTNADH‐dependent glutamate synthase (NADH‐GOGAT) is a key enzyme in primary ammonia assimilation in Phaseolus vulgaris nodules. Two different types of cDNA clones of PvNADH‐GOGAT were isolated from the nodule cDNA libraries. The full‐length cDNA clones of PvNADH‐GOGAT‐I (7.4 kb) and PvNADH‐GOGAT‐II (7.0 kb), which displayed an 83% homology between them, were isolated using cDNA library screening, ‘cDNA library walking’ and RT‐PCR amplification. Southern analysis employing specific 5′ cDNA probes derived from PvNADH‐GOGAT‐I and PvNADH‐GOGAT‐II indicated the existence of a single copy of each gene in the bean genome. Both these proteins contain ∼100 amino acid sequences theoretically addressing each isoenzyme to different subcellular compartments. RT‐PCR analysis indicated that PvNADH‐GOGAT‐II expression is higher than PvNADH‐GOGAT‐I during nodule development. Expression analysis by RT‐PCR also revealed that both of these genes are differentially regulated by sucrose. On the other hand, the expression of PvNADH‐GOGAT‐I, but not PvNADH‐GOGAT‐II, was inhibited with nitrogen compounds. In situ hybridization and promoter expression analyses demonstrated that the NADH‐GOGAT‐I and ‐II genes are differentially expressed in bean root and nodule tissues. In silico analyses of the NADH‐GOGAT promoters revealed the presence of potential cis elements in them that could mediate differential tissue‐specific, and sugar and amino acid responsive expression of these genes.
LeCTR2, a CTR1‐like protein kinase from tomato, plays a role in ethylene signalling, development and defence
Authors: Lin Zhefeng , Alexander Lucy , Hackett Rachel , Grierson Don 
Published: March 2008

SummaryArabidopsis AtCTR1 is a Raf‐like protein kinase that interacts with ETR1 and ERS and negatively regulates ethylene responses. In tomato, several CTR1‐like proteins could perform this role. We have characterized LeCTR2, which has similarity to AtCTR1 and also to EDR1, a CTR1‐like Arabidopsis protein involved in defence and stress responses. Protein–protein interactions between LeCTR2 and six tomato ethylene receptors indicated that LeCTR2 interacts preferentially with the subfamily I ETR1‐type ethylene receptors LeETR1 and LeETR2, but not the NR receptor or the subfamily II receptors LeETR4, LeETR5 and LeETR6. The C‐terminus of LeCTR2 possesses serine/threonine kinase activity and is capable of auto‐phosphorylation and phosphorylation of myelin basic protein in vitro. Overexpression of the LeCTR2 N‐terminus in tomato resulted in altered growth habit, including reduced stature, loss of apical dominance, highly branched inflorescences and fruit trusses, indeterminate shoots in place of determinate flowers, and prolific adventitious shoot development from the rachis or rachillae of the leaves. Expression of the ethylene‐responsive genes E4 and chitinase B was upregulated in transgenic plants, but ethylene production and the level of mRNA for the ethylene biosynthetic gene ACO1 was unaffected. The leaves and fruit of transgenic plants also displayed enhanced susceptibility to infection by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, which was associated with much stronger induction of pathogenesis‐related genes such as PR1b1 and chitinase B compared with the wild‐type. The results suggest that LeCTR2 plays a role in ethylene signalling, development and defence, probably through its interactions with the ETR1‐type ethylene receptors of subfamily I.
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus in Cats
Authors: Willemse Ton , Koeman Jan P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— The clinical and histopathological features of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) are described in four European short‐haired cats. Pinnal involvement seems to be highly predictable in feline DLE. In addition an indication exists for the initiating role of exposure to the sun in this disease.Résumé— Les aspects cliniques et histopathologiques du lupus érythémateux discoide (DLE) sont décrits chez quatre chats européens à poils courts. L'atteinte du pavilion auriculaire semble très fréquente dans le DLE félin. En outre, l'exposition au soleil semble jouer un röle déterminant dans cette entité nosologique.Zusammenfassung— Die klinischen und histopathologischen Merkmale des diskoiden Lupus erythematosus (DLE) bei vier Europäisch‐Kurzhaarkatzen werden beschrieben. Beim felinen DLE scheint die Pinna regelmäßig mitbetroffen zu sein.Nach dieser Untersuchung besteht Anlaß zur Vermutung, daß die Sonnenexposition bei dieser Krankheit eine auslösende Rolle spielt.
Pemphigus Vulgaris in a Llama
Authors: MILLER WILLIAM H. , WELDON ALAN D. , WELLINGTON JOCELYN R. , SMITH CHRISTINA A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— A case report of a three year old llama with a chronic seborrhoeic to vesiculobullous skin disease is presented. Skin biopsies showed an acantholytic vesicular dermatitis and immunofluorescence studies on the patient's skin and serum were positive in an intracellular pattern. The animal died before response to treatment could be determined.Résumé— Le cas d'un lama de trois ans atteint d'une dermite séborrhéique chronique à vésicobulleuse est rapporté. Les biopsies cutanées ont révélé une dermite vésiculeuse acantholytique et l'examen en immunofluorescence de la peau et du sérum présente une fluorescence intracellulaire. L'animal est mort avant que la réponse au traitement ait pu être appréciée.Zusammenfassung— Es wird ein Fallbericht über ein drei Jahre altes Lama mit einer chronischen, seborrhoischen bis vesikulobullösen Hauterkrankung vorgestellt. Die Hautbiopsien ergaben eine akantholytische, vesikuläre Dermatitis, die Immunofluoreszenzuntersuchungen der Haut und des Serums fielen positiv aus und zeigten ein intrazelluläres Verteilungsmuster. Das Tier starb bevor ein Ansprechen auf die Therapie festgestellt werden konnte.Resumen  Se presenta el informe de un caso de un llama de tres anos de edad con una enfermedad seborreica crónica a vesiculobullosa en la piel. Biopsias de piel mostraron una dermatitis acantolítica y vesicular y estudios de inmunofluorescencia en la piel y suero del paciente fueron positivos en un patrón intracelular. El animal murió antes de que la respuesta al tratamiento pudiera ser determinada.
A Case of a Dermatobia hominis Infection in a Dog in The Netherlands
Authors: ROOSJE PETRA J. , HENDRIKX WIM M. L. , WISSELINK MARINUS A. , WILLEMSE TON 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— The first case of a Dermatobia hominis infection in a dog in the The Netherlands is described. The dog was imported from Brazil. The life cycle of the parasite and the therapeutic measures are emphasized.Zusammenfassung— Beschrieben wird der erste Fall einer Dermatobia hominis—Infektion bei einem Hund in den Niederlanden. Der Hund wurde aus Brasilien eingeführt. Der Lebenszyklus des Parasiten und die therapeutischen Maßriahmen werden behandelt.Resumen  En el presente artículo se describe el primer caso de infección causada por Dematobia hominis en Holanda. El perro habia sido importado desde Brasil. Se describe la vida del parásito y las medidas terapéuticas.
The Influence of Oral Corticosteroids or Declining Allergen Exposure on Serologic Allergy Test Results
Authors: MILLER WILLIAM H. , SCOTT DANNY W. , CAYATTE SUZANNE M. , SCARLETT JANET M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— Twenty‐seven proven atopic dogs had a serologic allergy test performed on the day of skin testing and again after either a 21‐day course of corticosteroid treatment or 60 days without therapy during which time exposure to botanical aeroallergens was reduced or absent. There was no statistical difference in preand post‐corticosteriod treatment results. There were significantly more positive scores recorded in the 60‐day follow‐up samples in the untreated dogs.Résumé— Vingt‐sept chiens ayant une atopie prouvée ont subi des tests sérologiques d'allergie avant et 21 jours après une corticothérapie ou 60 jours sans traitement et sans exposition pollinique. Il n'y avait pas de difference statistiquement significative avant et après le traitement corticoïde. Il y avait beaucoup plus de résultats positifs à 60 jours chez les animaux ne subissant aucun traitement.Zusammenfassung— Bei 27 Hunden mit nachgewiesener Atopie wurde ein serologischer Allergietest am selben Tab wie der Hauttest und erneut entweder nach 21‐tägiger Kortikosteroidbehandlung oder nach 60 Tagen ohne Therapie durchgeführt. Bei der zweiten Gruppe wurde die Exposition gegenüber pflanzlichen Aeroallergenen reduziert oder fehlte. Es gab keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied bei den Ergebnissen vor und nach Korikosteroidtherapie. Es trat eine statistch signifikant höhere Zahl positiver Reaktionen in den Proben der nicht behandeltentiere nach 60 Tagen aug.Resumen  Veinti‐siete perros en los que se había diagnosticado previamente atopía, se hizo un test serológico de alergia simultáneamente con tests de inyecciones intradérmicas durante el mismo día, volviendose a repetir a los 21 días despues del tratamiento con corticosteroides, o después de 60 días sin ningun tipo de medicacion, durante en cual exposición a aero‐alergenos botánicos fué minima o inexistente. No se observó diferencia de tipo estadístico en animales antes o despues del tratamiento con corticosteroides. En los animales que no recibieron medicación, después de 60 días se observó un aumento significativo de respuestas positivas.
A Temporal Study Comparing the Carriage of Staphylococcus intermedius on Normal Dogs with Atopic Dogs in Clinical Remission
Authors: HARVEY RICHARD G. , NOBLE WILLIAM C. 
Published: March 2008

Résumé— Le portage de Staphylococcus intermedius dans les narines, le pourtour anal et la ligne blanche a été compare chez 10 chiens sains et 19 chiens atopiques cliniquement controlés, recevant de faibles doses, à jours alternés, de prednisone pendant une période six mois. Un test du x2 n'a pas permis de mettre en évidence une différence significative du taux d'isolement de S. intermedius entre les deux groupes en aucune localisation ni en regroupant l'ensemble des localisations [Harvey, R. G., Noble, W. C. A temporal study comparing the carriage of Saphylococcus intermedius on normal dogs with atopic dogs in clinical remission (Etue comparative du portage de Staphylococcus intermedius chez les chiens sains et atopiques cliniquement guéris).Abstract— A temporal study of the carriage of Staphylococcus intermedius from the nares, anal ring and ventral midline of 10 normal dogs was compared to that of 19 atopic dogs receiving low dose, alternate‐day prednisolone over a period of six months and maintained in clinical remission.Chi‐squared comparison of the two groups revealed no difference between the groups in the recovery rate of S. intermedius at any single site and no significant difference when all sites were pooled.
Marked Acantholysis Associated with Dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton equinum in Two Horses
Authors: SCOTT DANNY W. 
Published: March 2008

Resumen— Dos caballos adultos manifestaron un cuadro prurítico y de dolor asociado con una dermatitis generalizada de evolución rápida y consistente en la presencia de pápulas, pústulas y costras. El examen microscópico de extensiones citológicas a partir del exudado purulento reveló la presencia de numerosos queratinocitos acantoliticos, neutrófilos no degenerados y ausencia de microorganismos, lo que sugirió un diagnóstico de pénfigo foliáceo. Las biopsias de piel mostraron dermatofitosis, marcada acantolisis y crecióTrichophyton equinum en cultivos fúngicos. Las lesiones en ambos animales se resolvieron tras administrar una terapia tópica con sulfuro de cal. Postulamos que los encimas proteoliticos liberados por las cepas de Trichophyton equinum aisladas fueron los responsables del alto grado de acantolisis detectada citológica e histológicamente. [Scott D. W. Marked acantholysis associated with dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton equinum in two horses (Acantolisis marcade en associación con dermatofitosis por Trichophyton equinum en dos caballos).Abstract— Two adult horses developed a rapidly progressive, generalized, painful, pruritic, papular, pustular, and crusting dermatitis. Microscopic examination of direct smears made from purulent exudate revealed numerous acantholytic keratinocytes, nondegenerate neutrophils, and no microorganisms, suggesting a diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus. Skin biopsies revealed dermatophytosis with prominent acantholysis, and fungal cultures were positive for Trichophyton equinum. The lesions in both horses resolved in association with topical applications of lime sulfur. It is hypothesized that proteolytic enzymes produced by the strains of T. equinum isolated were responsible for the prominent acantholysis seen cytologically and histologically.
β‐Carotene is incorporated or mobilized along with triglycerides in bovine adipose tissue in response to insulin or epinephrine
Authors: Arias E. , González A. , Shimada A. , Varela‐Echavarria A. , Ruiz‐López F. , During A. , Mora O. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryPasture fed cattle ingest substantial amounts of β‐carotene (β‐C). Not all of the carotenoid compound is transformed into vitamin A, but the surplus is deposited in adipose tissue (AT). The mechanisms of β‐C incorporation and mobilization are unknown. Two experiments were conducted using explants from bovine AT cultured in vitro. First, β‐C incorporation by explants from three animals was examined with different β‐C concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 20 μm) and different times of incubation (every 5 h up to 25 h). The data showed a significant increase of β‐C concentration in explants only for 20 μmβ‐C. Secondly, effects of insulin and epinephrine on β‐C and triglyceride (TG) contents of explants were studied. Explants from six animals were incubated with either hormone and 0 or 20 μmβ‐C for 20 h. Both TG and β‐C contents were affected positively by insulin and negatively by epinephrine. Interestingly, changes in ratios of β‐C/TG (hormone vs. control) were similar (1.7 × 10−3 and 1.8 × 10−3), respectively, for insulin and epinephrine, indicating that β‐C level is directly related to TG content. We also report the presence of mRNA for β‐C 15, 15′ oxygenase in bovine AT. The in vitro culture system using explants from bovine AT is a promising model to investigate factors that might affect the accumulation and metabolism of β‐C.
Hepatic diseases in horses
Authors: Bergero D. , Nery J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe concept ‘liver disease’ includes several pathological conditions affecting liver’s functions. It can either consist of a temporary impaired functioning of the liver and/or it can progress to its failure. The purpose of this review is to update the knowledge on hepatobiliary diseases and in particular on equine hyperlipaemia. Hepatobiliary disease’s aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and nutritional management are thus described in the first part of the review the second part being devoted to hyperlypaemia’s lipid metabolism, epidemiology, clinical signs, post‐mortem observations and nutritional management. Diagnosis of hepatic disease is usually based on the assessment of the serum activities while hepatic biopsy is considered as the golden standard of diagnosis of hepatic function. Nutritional management is often very useful in management of hepatic diseases: diet should be low in protein (of good biological value) and high in non‐structural carbohydrates except for chronic hepatic disease (slightly high protein). Equine hyperlipaemia’s mortality is around 70%. It consists of a disorder of lipid metabolism, characterized by increase in plasma triglycerides and deposition of fat on organs. From a nutritional point of view, hyperlipaemia in horses can be approached by maintaining positive energy balance, fighting dehydration and metabolic acidosis, and by the use of lipotropic factors.
Identification and analysis of a glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase‐encoding gene and its cognate transcriptional regulator from Azoarcus sp. CIB
Authors: Blázquez Blas , Carmona Manuel , García José Luis , Díaz Eduardo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIn this work, the gcdH gene from the denitrifying β‐proteobacterium Azoarcus sp. CIB was shown to encode a glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase, which is essential for the anaerobic catabolism of many aromatic compounds and some alicyclic and dicarboxylic acids. The primary structure of the GcdH protein is highly conserved in many organisms. The divergently transcribed gcdR gene, encoding a LysR‐type transcriptional regulator, accounts for the glutaconate/glutarate‐specific activation of the Pg promoter driving expression of gcdH. The Azoarcus sp. CIBdgcdH mutant strain harbouring a disrupted gcdH gene was used as host to identify heterologous gcdH genes, such as that from Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Moreover, the expression of gcdH from P. putida can be efficiently controlled by the GcdR activator in Azoarcus sp. CIB, demonstrating the existence of cross‐talk between GcdR regulators and gcdH promoters from members of different phylogenetic subgroups of proteobacteria.
Clinical and pathological features of screen vs non‐screen‐detected prostate cancers: is there a difference?
Authors: Pelzer Alexandre E. , Colleselli Daniela , Bektic Jasmin , Schaefer Georg , Ongarello Stefano , Schwentner Christian , Pallwein Leo , Mitterberger Michael , Steiner Eberhard , Bartsch Georg , Horninger Wolfgang 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of screen vs non‐screen‐detected prostate cancers, to determine if there is a difference in the same prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) range.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 997 patients who had had a radical prostatectomy were evaluated; 806 were Tyrolean screening volunteers, and 191 were from outside Tyrol, representing the ‘referred prostate cancer’ group. PSA level, age, prostate volume and pathological characteristics were assessed, as was the amount of over‐ and under‐diagnosis.RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences in patient age or PSA levels in the two groups. Even in the same PSA range there were statistically significantly more extraprostatic cancers in the referral group, at 31.7% and 17.4%, respectively. In the referred and screening groups there was over‐diagnosis in 7.9% and 16.8%, and under‐diagnosis in 40.8% and 27.8%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that screening volunteers have a statistically significantly higher rate of organ‐confined prostate cancers, and a statistically significantly lower rate of extracapsular extension and positive surgical margins than their counterparts in the referral group even in the same PSA range. As the pathological stage and surgical margin status are significant predictors of recurrence, these findings support the concept of PSA screening.
Human Capital and Hours Worked of Children in Cambodia: Empirical Evidence for Policy Implications*
Authors: Phoumin Han 
Published: March 2008

This study uses data from the Cambodian Child Labor Survey 2001/02 (CCLS‐2001/02) to investigate the trade‐off between child labor and their human capital formation. It also investigates the determinants of child schooling and that of the income earned from child labor. This study finds that children's education is a significant determinant of their wage rate, which implicitly explains the logic behind the household's decision to allow a child to both work and study, and thus explains why parents keep investing in their children's education. We also find that non‐poor households and fathers’ and mothers’ education have statistically significant effects on child schooling. Finally, this study has found that if children's average working hours are below the threshold level of 22 h per week, then education is not affected. These research findings have policy implications for the human capital development of children, as well as for broader social policy in Cambodia.
Analysis of fluoride in toothpastes on the Belgian market
Authors: Borremans M. , Van Loco J. , Van Den Meerssche P. , Meunier J. , Vrindts E. , Goeyens L. 
Published: March 2008

SynopsisWe developed a method for the quantitative determination of sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP) and amine fluoride (AmF) in toothpastes on the Belgian market. Samples were suspended in water and the determination was made using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. The described ion chromatographic method is an easy and reliable isocratic high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of total soluble fluoride content in toothpastes. The analytical repeatability and reproducibility, the matrix effects and the method’s decision limit of three different toothpastes containing NaF, SMFP and AmF at a concentration close to the permitted one of 0.15 g % total F are determined. All the samples analysed are in conformity with the Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EC; none exceeds the limit of 0.15 g %.
Neural regulation of acetylcholinesterase‐associated collagen Q in rat skeletal muscles
Authors: Trinkaus Miha , Pregelj Peter , Trkov Saša , Sketelj Janez 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase‐associated collagen Q is expressed also outside of neuromuscular junctions in the slow soleus muscle, but not in fast muscles. We examined the nerve dependence of muscle collagen Q expression and mechanisms responsible for these differences. Denervation decreased extrajunctional collagen Q mRNA levels in the soleus muscles and junctional levels in fast sternomastoid muscles to about one third. Cross‐innervation of denervated soleus muscles by a fast muscle nerve, or electrical stimulation by ‘fast’ impulse pattern, reduced their extrajunctional collagen Q mRNA levels by 70–80%. In contrast, stimulation of fast muscles by ‘slow’ impulse pattern had no effect on collagen Q expression. Calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus and cyclosporin A decreased collagen Q mRNA levels in the soleus muscles to about 35%, but did not affect collagen Q expression in denervated soleus muscles or the junctional expression in fast muscles. Therefore, high extrajunctional expression of collagen Q in the soleus muscle is maintained by its tonic nerve‐induced activation pattern via the activated Ca2+‐calcineurin signaling pathway. The extrajunctional collagen Q expression in fast muscles is independent of muscle activation pattern and seems irreversibly suppressed. The junctional expression of collagen Q in fast muscles is partly nerve‐dependent, but does not encompass the Ca2+‐calcineurin signaling pathway.