bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A polysaccharopeptide complex and a condensed tannin with antioxidant activity from dried rose (Rosa rugosa) flowers
Authors: Ng T B , Pi Z F , Fu M , Li L , Hou J , Shi L S , Chen R R , Jiang Y , Liu F , Yue H , Zhao L 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
In this study, the fraction (P) from an aqueous extract of dried rose (Rosa rugosa) flowers was obtained by ethanol precipitation. P was chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose. The components retained on DEAE-cellulose were eluted with a linear gradient of 0–2 m NaCl solution. Two fractions, eluted at concentrations of 0.5 m NaCl and 1 m NaCl, respectively, were obtained. These two components were designated as P1 and P2, respectively. P1 was further purified using gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. P1 yielded two peaks, and the two components were designated as P1-a and P1-b, respectively. P1-a was a polysaccharide-peptide complex, and P1-b exhibited chemical properties of a condensed tannin as revealed by FTIR and NMR assay of carbohydrate and protein contents and HPLC-ESI-MS. The molecular masses of P1-a and P1-b were 150kDa and 8kDa, respectively. Both P1-a and P1-b possessed antioxidant activity, with the activity of P1-b higher than that of P1-a. This study demonstrated that different components from rose flowers exhibited antioxidant activity.
Cardiotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide/imatinib mesilate combination in rats
Authors: Saad Sherif Y , Alkharfy Khalid M , Arafah Maha M 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is an important consideration in the evaluation of cancer chemotherapy, because chemotherapy-induced myocardial damage might be irreversible and lethal. This in-vivo study investigated the cardiotoxicity of either arsenic trioxide or imatinib mesilate, or a combination of both drugs, following repeated administration in male Wistar rats. Both arsenic trioxide and imatinib mesilate were administered daily at a dose of 5 mg kg−1 intraperitoneally and 30 mg kg−1 orally for 10 days, respectively. Cardiotoxicity was evaluated by biochemical and histopathological examination 48 h after the last dose. Treatment with either arsenic or imatinib, or both, resulted in significant increases in serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity levels. Cardiac tissue of rats treated with arsenic showed significant increases in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) content, GPx activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total nitrate/nitrite (NOx), whereas imatinib treatment significantly increased cardiac GSH content and MDA production level and decreased GPx activity level and NOx content. A combination of arsenic and imatinib produced significant increases in cardiac GSH content, GPx activity and MDA production levels, in addition to a reduction in NOx content. Combination arsenic/imatinib treatment extensively increased GPx activity and MDA production levels compared with imatinib treatment alone. Moreover, rats treated with arsenic or imatinib, or both, showed a significant increase in serum bilirubin, creatinine and urea levels. Histopathological examination of cardiac tissue of the combination-treated group revealed fibroblastic proliferation, myocardial disorganization and myocardial necrosis. Liver peroxidative alterations revealed that treatment with either arsenic or imatinib, or the two combined, increased levels of reduced-GSH and MDA production levels. However, imatinib treatment depleted liver GPx activity level contrary to treatment with the combination. Rats treated with arsenic alone or arsenic/imatinib combination showed significant elevation in liver NOx. In conclusion, both arsenic trioxide and imatinib mesilate might have significant cardiotoxicity and cardiac function should be monitored during treatment with them alone or in combination, as well as in the presence of pre-existing cardiac dysfunction.
Conversion of CO2 to Dimethylether and Methanol over Hybrid Catalysts
Authors: Dubois Jean-Luc , Sayama Kazuhiro , Arakawa Hironori 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Combination of a CH3OH synthesis catalyst (Cu-ZnO-Al2O3) with a solid acid, which promotes CH3OCH3 formation, creates a strong driving force for CO2 conversion. At equilibrium higher yields and selectivities can be achieved: 24.3% yield in DME + CH3OH with hybrid catalyst, compared to 11.6% with CH3OH synthesis catalyst only, at 240 °C and 3 MPa. Zeolites were proved to be very efficient, with a yield of 17%.
SmI2 Promoted Coupling Reaction of Isocyanates to Oxamides
Authors: Liu Yun-Shan , Bei Mei-Zhi , Zhou Zhi-Hua , Takaki Ken , Fujiwara Yuzo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Oxamides were obtained in moderate to good yields by the reaction of isocyanates with the SmI2/HMPA/THF system under mild conditions. The system also caused desulfurization of isothiocyanates to give isocyanides in good yields.
Novel 1,6-Anhydro-β-lactose Derivatives for Rapid and Efficient Syntheses of Oligosaccharide Sequences Containing N-Acetyllactosamine
Authors: Nishimura Shin-Ichiro , Murayama Sadao , Kurita Keisuke , Kuzuhara Hiroyoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Fully functionalized glycosyl acceptors for the efficient syntheses of cell-surface carbohydrate determinants containing N-acetyllactosamine have been systematically prepared by the regioselective manipulations of a readily available 1,6-anhydro-6′-O-trityl-β-lactose as a key starting material. Versatility of the standardized intermediates having an unprotected hydroxyl group C-3 or C-2′ position are also preliminarily demonstrated by the glycoside formation with the known fucose derivatives.
A Useful Palladium Catalyst for Addition of Ge–Ge Bonds to Alkynes
Authors: Mochida Kunio , Hodota Chikako , Yamashita Hiroshi , Tanaka Masato 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Germanium-germanium bonds of digermanes, octamethyltrigermane, and decamethyltetragermane add readily to alkynes in the presence of Pd(dba)2–2P(OCH2)3CEt (dba = dibenzylideneacetone).
DNA Strand Scissions by Hydroxamic Acids-Copper(II) Ion under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Hashimoto Shigeki , Yamashita Rinichi , Nakamura Yushin 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Carbazolyloxyacetohydroxamic acid (1), 9,9′-decamethylene-bis-carbazolyloxyacetohydroxamic acid (2), benzohydroxamic acid (3) and acetohydroxamic acid (4) without reducing agent under aerobic conditions induced Col E1 DNA strand scissions with increasing of the activities in the order of 4 &gt; 3 &gt; 2 &gt; 1. Inhibition experiments indicated that hydrogen peroxide and superoxide participated in the reactions, but hydroxyl radical or singlet oxygen did not.
The Origin of the ESR Signal of C60 Seen in the Powder and in Benzene Solution. The Indication of the Reaction of C60 with Oxygen Induced by Photoexcitation
Authors: Kawata Satoshi , Yamauchi Kotaro , Suzuki Shinzo , Kikuchi Koichi , Shiromaru Haruo , Katada Motomi , Saito Kazuya , Ikemoto Isao , Achiba Yohji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
ESR signals were obtained for the C60 sample in powder and in benzene solution, by irradiation with Xe lamp in an atmosphere of oxygen. It was shown that the ESR signal with g-value of 2.0026 and a derivative peak-to-peak width of about 0.175 mT was clearly enhanced by the irradiation. This fact indicates that C60 is reactive with oxygen by irradiation of light and produces the radical which gives the ESR signal.
Syntheses of Naphthoquinone Methide-type Near-IR Color Formers
Authors: Kubo Yuji , Kotani Kyoichi , Yoshida Katsuhira 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
New naphthoquinone methide-type near-IR color formers have been synthesized, which immediately exhibited intense absorption in the near-IR region on oxidation. The color development has been investigated using the stopped-flow technique.
Extraordinary Monomer-Dimer Transition of Methylene Blue Induced by the Phase Transition of Telomer-Bilayer Membranes Formed from Dialkyl L-Glutamate Amphiphiles with Oligo-Acrylic Acid-Head Group
Authors: Hachisako Hiroshi , Motozato Yoshiaki , Murakami Ryoichi , Yamada Kimiho 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Novel anionic telomer-bilayers formed from dialkyl L-glutamates with oligo-acrylic acid-head group were prepared. Methylene Blue interacted with these bilayers to form both monomeric and dimeric species. These monomeric species were converted to the dimeric species due to the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition of bilayer matrix. A similar phenomenon was observed even in the case of Acridine Orange.
A Facile Synthesis of 5-Thio-l-fucose and 3-O-Allyl-l-fucose Triacetate from d-Arabinose
Authors: Hashimoto Hironobu , Izumi Masayuki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
5-Thio-l-fucose and 3-O-allyl-l-fucose triacetate were synthesized from d-arabinose via d-arabino-pentodialdo-1,4-furanose derivative.
Structures and Absolute Configurations of New Lobane Diterpenoids from the Okinawan Soft Coral Sinularia flexibilis
Authors: Hamada Toshiyuki , Kusumi Takenori , Ishitsuka Midori O , Kakisawa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Three new diterpenoids possessing lobane skeleton have been isolated from the Okinawan soft coral of Sinularia flexibilis. Their structures and absolute configurations have been established by chemical transformations as well as spectroscopic analysis.
Conformational Properties of [n.2.2]- and [n.3.3]Metacyclophanes
Authors: Tsuge Akihiko , Sawada Tsuyoshi , Mataka Shuntaro , Tashiro Masashi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Metacyclophanes having three aromatic rings in their skeleton were prepared. Their conformational properties were estimated by the 1H NMR spectra and the X-ray analysis. It was proved that they assume a “folded inwards” or an “alternate” conformation depending on a slight difference in the structure of the internal substituent.
Specific Intermolecular Association between NAD+ and Rh(terpy)23+
Authors: Umeda Keisuke , Ikeda Hiroshi , Nakamura Asao , Toda Fujio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The intermolecular association of NAD+ and Rh(terpy)23+ was confirmed with NMR spectroscopy. The protons of adenine in NAD+ was shifted to upfield by the addition of Rh(terpy)23+. ROESY spectrum showed intermolecular NOE between aromatic protons of those compounds. From these observations, the structures of complex of Rh(terpy)23+ and NAD+ were proposed.
A New Polymer Electrolyte Composed of Poly(N-vinylacetamide), Poly(ethylene glycol), and Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Authors: Iwatsuki Shouji , Kubo Masataka , Ohtake Makoto 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A new solid composite of poly(N-vinylacetamide), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and poly(ethylene glycol) was prepared and characterized as a polymer electrolyte with high conductivity.
Does Reduction of Organic Peroxides by Iodide Ions Really Proceed via Single Electron Transfer?
Authors: Tokumaru Katsumi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The mechanism for reactions of diaroyl peroxides with I− commonly utilized for their determination is reexamined in terms of single electron transfer (SET) theory and is regarded not as an SET mechanism as has been supposed but an SN2 mechanism.
Crystal Structure of (Ph4As)2[Fe4S4(SAd)4] and Stabilization of [Fe4S4(SAd)4]− State in Aqueous Media
Authors: Kambayashi Hide , Nakamoto Masami , Peng Shie-Ming , Nagao Hirotaka , Tanaka Koji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Stability of superoxidized form of [Fe4S4(SAd)4]2− (AdS−: 1-adamantanethiolate) in DMF, H2O/DMF, and aqueous poly[2-(dimethylamino)hexanamide] (PDAH) solutions is discussed in connection with the crystal structure of (Ph4As)2[Fe4S4(SAd)4].
The Carboxylation of Active Methylene Compounds with Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of 18-Crown-6 and Potassium Carbonate
Authors: Chiba Koji , Tagaya Hideyuki , Miura Syunji , Karasu Masa 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Active methylene compounds were carboxylated with the reagent system, 18-crown-6, potassium carbonate and carbon dioxide, in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature and atmospheric presssure. The concentration of the carbonate ion is important for carboxylation.
Laser-Induced Electrodeposition of Polyaniline on a Gold Electrode
Authors: Jin Ji-Ye , Teramae Norio , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Maskless local electrodeposition of polyaniline (PANi) on a gold electrode has been achieved by electropolymerization of aniline in a neutral electrolytic solution with an aid of laser irradiation. It was found that PANi can be deposited on the laser irradiated sites even at relatively lower anodic potential.
Observation of an Excited Singlet Charge-Transfer Complex (or a Singlet Ion Pair) Produced by Excitation of a Ground-State Complex of 1,8-Dichloroanthraquinone with 2,5-Dimethylhexa-2,4-diene
Authors: Hamanoue Kumao , Nakayama Toshihiro , Sasaki Hideyuki , Asada Satoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
1,8-dichloroanthraquinone forms a weak ground-state complex with 2,5-dimethylhexa-2,4-diene, and its selective excitation by the picosecond 435-nm light pulse generates an excited singlet charge-transfer complex (or a singlet ion pair) with a lifetime of 100 ps.
Synthesis and Properties of Optically Active α-Trifluoromethylbenzyl Derivatives as New Chiral Dopants for Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Aoki Yoshio , Nohira Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Optically active α-trifluoromethylbenzyl derivatives as new chiral dopants for ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) were synthesized utilizing optically active 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)butanoic acid prepared by optical resolution procedures. The magnitudes of spontaneous polarization (Ps) and the response time depended on the type of the linkage between the optically active block and core blocks.
Novel exo-nido-Cupracarborane with an Unusual Solution Fluxionality. Synthesis and Structure of [9,10-exo-{Cu(PPh3)2}-9,10-(μ-H)2-7,8-nido-C2B9H10]
Authors: Park Young-Whan , Kim Jinkwon , Kim Sangsoo , Do Youngkyu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Synthetic routes to [9,10-exo-{Cu(PPh3)2}-9,10-(μ-H)2-7,8-nido-C2B9H10] which displays an unusual solution dynamic property have been devised. The molecular structure and composition of the novel d10 exo-nido-cupracarborane, established by single-crystal X-ray analysis and 11B NMR spectroscopy, reveal the η2-hapticity of nido-C2B9 cage toward an exo-Cu(PPh3)2 moiety as well as the presence of the 12th H atom.
Metastable Solution Structures of Spirobenzoselenazolinobenzopyrans and Their Negative Photochromic Properties
Authors: Nakano Shinji , Miyashita Akira , Nohira Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A series of photochromic 6′-nitro-3-octadecylspirobenzoselenazolinobenzopyrans have been newly prepared and their solution structures of the colored form have been confirmed as 3-octadecylbenzoselenazolenium-2-trans-1′-cis-(5′-nitrostyryl-2′-oxide) by selective partial deuteration and NMR techniques. Photochromic repetition of these compounds for 50% fatigue attained the number more than ca. 800 times.
Synthesis of C-Aromatic Taxinine Derivatives
Authors: Seto Masaki , Morihira Koichiro , Katagiri Setsuo , Furukawa Takashi , Horiguchi Yoshiaki , Kuwajima Isao 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
An oxygenated substituent at the 2-position (taxane numbering) plays a critical role to determine the endo/exo cyclization into the 8-membered ring system involved in the taxane skeleton, and the aromatic taxinine derivative was prepared from the corresponding 2α,9β,10α–exo cyclized compound through thermal exo-to-endo isomerization and a Lewis acid induced inversion on the C-9 and C-10 sites.
Atomic Layer-by-Layer Deposition of La-Sr-Cu-O Films
Authors: Terui Toshifumi , Fleming R J , Maruyama Yusei 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
La-Sr-Cu-O films have been prepared as-deposited condition by an atomic layer-by-layer deposition technique in a high vacuum evaporation system with multi-electron-beam-gun sources. The film quality is crucially dependent on the substrate temperature, oxidation gas, and source material. It is found that the layer-by-layer successive deposition of the three elements is superior to the simultaneous deposition.
An NMR Study of the Formation of N-Silylacetonitrilium Ions by Using Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate as Counteranion
Authors: Kira Mitsuo , Hino Takakazu , Sakurai Hideki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The formation of adducts of silicenium ions with acetonitrile (N-silylacetonitrilium ions) was elucidated by means of NMR spectroscopy during the hydride abstraction from hydrosilanes by trityl TFPB in CD2Cl2 in the presence of excess acetonitrile. The results indicate that acetonitrile is not a non-nucleophilic solvent suitable for formation of free silicenium ions, but stabilizes the ions by complexation giving tetracoordinate silicon species in solution.
Synthesis of 1,2-Phenylene-Bridged Diporphyrin Linked with Porphyrin Monomer and Its Intramolecular Singlet-Singlet Excitation Energy Transfer
Authors: Osuka Atsuhiro , Kobayashi Fumikazu , Nakajima Satoshi , Maruyama Kazuhiro , Yamazaki Iwao , Nishimura Yoshinobu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A new photosynthetic model, in which 1,2-phenylene-bridged diporphyrin is connected with monomeric porphyrin through strapped chain, was synthesized by acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization reaction. Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy has revealed the efficient unidirectional singlet-singlet energy transfer from the monomeric porphyrin to the diporphyrin.
Substrate-Specific Rearrangement and Acetonidation of Epoxy-Ethers Catalyzed by Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Masaki Yukio , Miura Tsuyoshi , Ochiai Masahito 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Rearrangement of epoxy-ethers providing carbonyl compounds was catalyzed by tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) in acetonitrile under the preferential anchimetric assistance of intramolecular etheric oxygen function in the 5-exo mode for the 1,2-disubstituted epoxide unit and in the quaternary 5-exo, 5-endo, and 6-endo mode for the trisubstituted type. In acetone, epoxy-ethers favored by neighboring group participation were led to carbonyl compounds and the other epoxides furnished acetonides.
Total Synthesis of Trehalase Inhibitor, Trehazolin
Authors: Ogawa Seiichiro , Uchida Chikara 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The total synthesis of trehalase inhibitor, trehazolin has been accomplished by coupling the optically active aminocyclopentanepentaol with α-d-glucopyranosylisothiocyanate derivative, followed by subsequent oxazoline-ring formation and removal of the protecting groups, thereby confirming its absolute configuration.
Electrochemical Oxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Takahashi Tohru , Nakagawa Tetsuji , Sakai Naomi , Sono Masakazu , Shizuri Yoshikazu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated ketones were successfully oxidized by using electrochemical method. In this oxidation reaction, allylic methyl or methylene groups were converted into acetoxylmethyl group or methoxy carbonyl group. In contrast, these unsaturated ketones were stable to Sharpless’s method (a combination of selenium dioxide and t butyl hydroperoxide).
Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry of a Monomer and Sandwich Dimer of Lutetium Tetra-tert-Butylpyrazinoporphyrazine
Authors: Kobayashi Nagao , Rizhen Jin , Nakajima Shin-ichiro , Osa Tetsuo , Hino Hiroaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A monomer and sandwich dimer (so-called “blue form”) of lutetium tetra-tert-butylpyrazinoporphyrazine have been synthesized and characterized by electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy (MCD), together with cyclic- and differential-pulse-voltammetry. A-term MCD dispersions appear in the Q and B bands, especially corresponding in each of the split Q bands of the dimer. The potential difference between the 1st-oxidation and -reduction of the monomer is 1.98 V and that between the 1st- and 2nd-reduction is 0.72 V in o-dichlorobenzene (DCB). The dimer shows 7 redox couples.
Structures of Cassumunin A, B, and C, New Potent Antioxidants from Zingiber cassumunar
Authors: Masuda Toshiya , Jitoe Akiko , Nakatani Nobuji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Three new potent antioxidants have been isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar. Their structures have been established from spectral data. These compounds also showed inhibitory activity against inflammation induced by a tumor promoter, TPA.
Isolation of
l
-N-[2-(3-Pyridyl)ethyl]-glutamic Acid from the Poisonous Mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga. A Possible Intermediate in the Biogenesis of Acromelic Acids
Authors: Yamano Kimiaki , Shirahama Haruhisa 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A new amino acid, l-N-[2-(3-pyridyl)ethyl]-glutamic acid, was isolated from the poisonous mushroom Clitocybe acromelalga and the structure confirmed by synthesis. Its occurrence in this fungus supports the previously proposed biogenesis of acromelic acids.
Copolymerization of a Germylene with Acetylene Monomers by Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Kobayashi Shiro , Cao Shaokui 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A germylene with a bulky ligand, bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido] germanium, was copolymerized for the first time with acetylene monomers under the catalysis of a rhodium compound, to give rise copolymers with a structure having acetylene units in excess. Among the catalysts used, a rhodium norbornadiene complex was found to be most effective for the copolymerization.
Synthesis of (±)-Nanaimoal and (±)-Nanaimool from N,N-Diethylgeranylamine
Authors: Yamada Takashi , Takabe Kunihiko 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
(±)-Nanaimoal and (±)-nanaimool were synthesized via Diels-Alder Reaction of 1,1-dimethyl-2,3-dimethylenecyclohexane, a novel building block for cyclic terpenoids, easily prepared from N,N-diethylgeranylamine.
Intercalative Polymerization of 3-Methyl- and 3,4-Dimethylpyrrole in the VOPO4 Interlayer Space
Authors: Matsubayashi Gen-etsu , Nakajima Hiroshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Finely powdered VOPO4·2H2O suspended in an ethanol solution containing 3-methyl- or 3,4-dimethylpyrrole leads to the intercalative polymerization of these pyrrole derivatives through the 2,5-coupling to yield VOPO4·(H2O)1.4·(EtOH)0.2·(MeC4HNH)0.65 and VOPO4·(H2O)1.8·(EtOH)0.2·(Me2C4NH)0.6. The similar treatment of VOPO4·2H2O with pyrrole affords polypyrrole only on the VOPO4 surface.
A New Preparative Method for 1-Chloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane (HCFC-253ca)
Authors: Arimura Takashi , Kurosawa Shigeru , Sekiya Akira 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Allene was both fluorinated and chlorofluorinated with chlorine monofluoride serving as a well-known chlorofluorinating and chlorinating reagent. 1-Chloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropane was obtained as a major product in the presence of cesium fluoride.
Promotion of Methane Steam Reforming Using Ruthenium-Dispersed Microporous Alumina Membrane Reactor
Authors: Chai Maorong , Machida Masato , Eguchi Koichi , Arai Hiromichi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A membrane reactor with the microporous ruthenium-dispersed alumina membrane is effective in promoting low temperature methane steam reforming. In the temperature range of 300–500 °C, the membrane reactor attained the methane conversion with a twice as large as the equilibrium value by the selective removal of hydrogen from the reaction system.
Electrochemical Behavior of Pt-modified Cobalt Oxide Electrodes in NaOH Solutions under Oxygen Atmosphere
Authors: Wada Suguru , Nishimura Katsunori , Yahikozawa Kiyochika , Enyo Michio , Takasu Yoshio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Pt-modifled cobalt oxides (Pt + Co3O4) were prepared from H2PtCl6 and Co(NO3)2 by pyrolysis. The deposited Pt species were in highly oxidized states. Glassy carbon-supported Pt + Co3O4 electrodes of ca. 10 mol%-Pt exhibited the equilibrium oxygen electrode potential and electrocatalytic activity toward the O2 reduction in O2-saturated 1 mol dm−3 NaOH solutions.
Pyrenesulfonate Solubilized in an Aerosol OT (AOT) Reversed Micelle. Location and Distribution
Authors: Mori Yoshihiro , Shinoda Hiroyuki , Kitagawa Taiji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Pyrenesulfonate (PSA−) solubilized in an AOT reversed micelle was found to exist both in the water pool and in the surfactant phase by analyzing decay profiles of laser-induced transient species. Relative abundance in the two phases strongly depends on the molar ratio of [H2O]/[AOT].