bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cation Exchange Investigation of Scandium Acetate and Sulfate Systems
Authors: Tateda Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ion exchange equilibria between the cation exchange resin, Amberlite IR-120, and an aqueous solution containing a small concentration of scandium ions and a relatively large concentration of acetate or sulfate ions have been measured at a constant ionic strength of μ=0.5 and at 25°C. The values of the formation constants of the complexes in solution have been calculated by the application of the Fronaeus method3) and by the graphical method.5).In the case of the acetate system, at an acetate ion concentration [Ac] ≤14.5×10−2mol./l. and pH 4.5, species with scandium to ligand ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 seem to be formed. However, since scandium exists mainly in two ionic species, Sc3+ and Sc(OH)2+, in the solution, the chemical formulae can not be determined; therefore, the formation constants have been estimated for the addition of each formation constant of two complexes with the same ligand ratio, Sc(Ac)j3−j and Sc(OH) (Ac)j2−j. The values of Bj=(βj+(βj′*K1[H+]−1) were B1=22±10 mol−1., B2=(15±7)×102 mol−2l2 and B3=(11±3)×103 mol−3l3 at pH 4.5. In the case of the sulfate system, three complex ions were formed at a sulfate ion concentration of [SO42−]≤4.65×10−2 mol./l. and pH 2.7 : Sc(SO42−)+, Sc(SO42−)2− and Sc(SO42−)33−. The formation constants were β1=46±5 mol−11., β2=(11±6)×102 mol−2l2 and β3−=(10±7)×103 mol−3l3.
Quinoxaline Derivatives. VII. The Mechanism of the Formation of 6-Chloro-1,2,3,4,2′,3′-hexahydro-4,1′-dimethyl-3,2′-dioxoquinoxaline-2-spiro-3′-indole from a Quinoxaline N-Oxide Derivative by Nucleophilic Chlorination
Authors: Ahmad Yusuf , Habib M S , Iqbal M , Qureshi M I , Ziauddin  
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The compound IVb named in the title has been obtained by an unambiguous route. It has been shown to be identical with the product of the reaction of the N-oxide (Ia) with ethanolic hydrogen chloride. Clark-Lewis and Katekar’s mechanism for the nucleophilic chlorination in the latter case has been discussed, and a modified mechanism proposed.
Isomeric 7-chloro-spiro-indole (IVc) has also been obtained by the rearrangement of the anilide IIIc. Similarly, the anilide IXi gives spiro-indole (IVc; H for Me’).
The anilides IIIb and IIIc give normal N-oxides Ib and Ic, which, with concentrated sulphuric acid, decompose and afford the amines IIb and IIc. IXi, instead of giving its N-oxide, yields 6-chloro-2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline.
The Rapid Solvent Extraction and Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Palladium with TTA - Methyl Propyl Ketone
Authors: Rangnekar Asha V , Khopkar S M 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of palladium-(II) at microgram levels; the method is based on the colour reaction with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) in methyl propyl ketone (MPK). The bright orange-yellow-coloured palladium(II)-TTA chelate solution follows Beer’s law at 430 mμ over the 0.6–6.0 γ range of palladium(II) per millilitre. At pH values from 3.4 to 4.9, about 80% or more of palladium(II) is removed from an aqueous solution of TTA-MPK in a single extraction. The coloured system is stable for 72 hr. It can tolerate lead(II), thallium(I), cadmium(II), antimony(III), bismuth(III), platinum(IV), aluminium(III), zinc(II), nickel(II), zirconium-(IV), phosphate, chromate, acetate and sulphate, whereas tin(IV), manganese(II), cobalt(II), ascorbate, oxalate, citrate, tartarate and cyanide seriously interfere. Mercury(II), thorium(IV), calcium(II), strontium(II), barium(II), magnesium(II), vanadate and tungstate are moderately tolerated. The method is accurate and reproducible to within ±1.5%, and it offers a simple procedure for the simultaneous extraction and spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II).
Adsorption Measurements during the Synthesis of Methanol at Lower Pressures
Authors: Tsuchiya Susumu , Shiba Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Adsorption has been studied on a three component methanol synthesis catalyst during the synthesis of methanol in a closed circulating system. It has been shown that the adsorption of hydrogen and carbon monoxide are both enhanced by the presence of the other. The composition of the adsorbed phase has scarcely been affected at all by the ratio of the partial pressure of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, and the formation of surface complex has been suggested. The rate-determining step of the synthesis of methanol has been suggested to be the process of the Eley-Rideal type hydrogenation of the surface complex.
The Electronic Spectra of Aniline and N-Methylaniline Adsorbed on Aluminum Chloride. II. The Theoretical Treatment
Authors: Sato Hiroyasu , Nagakura Saburo , Hirota Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic spectra of aniline and N-methylaniline adsorbed on aluminum chloride have been examined by the LCMO method and have been compared with those of gaseous aniline, N-methylaniline, toluene and ethylbenzene. All of these molecules can be treated by the intramolecular charge-transfer model. In order for us to be able to interpret the spectra from the LCMO point of view, the ionization potential of the electron donating group in aniline and N-methylaniline molecules should rise upon adsorption on aluminum chloride.
Small-angle Scattering from Methane, Ammonia and Water by Fast Electrons
Authors: Iijima Takao , Bonham Russell A , Tavard Claude , Roux Monique , Cornille Marguerite 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The total differential scattering cross sections for the 40 kV. electron from the methane, ammonia and water molecules obtained experimentally over the 1≤s≤8 s range have been compared with the theoretical results. Good agreement with the theoretical results have been obtained in the case of methane. In the cases of ammonia and water the results are in qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions, but uncertainties in both the theory and experiment prevent a detailed comparison from being made in these cases.
The Adsorption of Copper(II), Dichromate(II) and Oxalate(II) by Different Samples of Precipitated Hydrous Beryllium Oxide
Authors: Dutta Rup 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three samples, A, B and C, of hydrous beryllium oxide were prepared by adding different amounts of alkali to a fixed volume of a beryllium sulfate solution. Sample A prepared with an equivalent amount of alkali, sample B prepared with a 10% deficient amount of alkali, sample C prepared with a 10% excess amount of alkali.
These samples were washed thoroughly and allowed to age for a month. The adsorption capacities of these samples for the ions copper-(II), oxalate(II) and dichromate(II) were then studied. The adsorption of copper (II) by different samples was found to be in the order B&gt;A&gt;C, whereas in the case of oxalate and dichromate the order of adsorption, is C&gt;A&gt;B.
The Synthesis of Cyclo-pentaglycyl-l-lysyl and Its Hydrolysis by Trypsin
Authors: Ohno Motonori , Izumiya Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A cyclic hexapeptide, cyclo-pentaglycyl-l-lysyl hydrochloride (IIL), has been synthesized in an attempt to obtain fundamental information about the syntheses of cyclic peptides; it has also been subjected to the action of trypsin.
p-Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyltriglycyl-ε-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysylglycylglycine (XX) has been prepared by the saponification of the di-N-blocked hexapeptide ester which had been obtained by the condensation of p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyltriglycyl-ε-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine azide with the glycylglycine benzyl ester. XX has been converted to the relevant p-nitrophenyl ester by the action of di-p-nitrophenyl sulflte, and, after the removal of the p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl group with trifluoroacetic acid, the hexapeptide p-nitrophenyl ester has been transformed, by means of a large amount of pyridine, to the cyclic benzyl-oxycarbonyl-substituted hexapeptide. It has then been hydrogenolyzed in the presence of palladium black to furnish the desired product, IIL.
Several different synthetic methods for obtaining IIL have been adopted. However, they are not satisfactory with regard to the optical purity of the l-lysine residue or the yield.
It has been observed that IIL is completely hydrolyzed to pentaglycyl-l-lysine by trypsin. This appears to be the first example of how trypsin can hydrolyze a cyclic peptide. A smaller cyclic peptide, glycyl-l-lysine anhydride, could not be hydrolyzed.
The Solution State of Cationic Polysoap Derived from Polyallyl Chloride
Authors: Ishigami Yutaka , Narasaki Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cationic polysoap (SP-100, mol. wt. 2770), consisting of a short polymer chain with -chemically-attached soap-like groups, has been prepared by quaternizing N-dodecylpiperidine with polyallyl chloride (mol. wt. 647). Some properties of the aqueous solution of SP-100 has been investigated by the light-scattering and surface-tension methods in the absence of and in the presence of sodium chloride.
We have found that the solution of such a polysoap exhibited the CMC value and that the concentration was 3.64×10−4 mol./l. (light scattering).
When the logarithmic relation between the CMC and the total gegen ion concentration was plotted, the curve thus obtained could be divided into two regions. Namely, the curve was almost flat at lower total gegen ion concentrations, followed by a depressed portion.
The micellar weight of SP-100 was 18800 in water and 32300 in a 0.3 m sodium chloride solution. The charges of SP-100 in aqueous solutions were calculated from the slope of the Debye plots by the derived equation of Princen and Mysels; on the basis of these results, the micellar charge of SP-100 in water is quite small.
The surface excess (Γ2), together with the corresponding surface area (A), of SP-100 at the air-solution interface has been calculated from the slopes of the surface tension vs. the logarithm of polysoap concentration curve slightly below the CMC by applying the Gibbs equation. The Γ2 value thus obtained was 3.78×10−10mol./cm2, while A was 44Å2/mol. The Γ2 value of SP-100 in mol./cm2 was of nearly the same order of magnitude as those of ionic monosoaps.
The Interaction of Cumulene Systems with Organometallic π-Complexes. III. Iron Carbonyl Complexes of Hexapentaene and of Tetra- and Dimethylbutatriene
Authors: Nakamura Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 1,6-dihalohexadiyne-2,4 with tri-iron dodecacarbonyl in the presence of an excess of zinc powder have given a hexapentaene iron carbonyl complex, C6H4Fe3(CO)7−8, as deep purple-red, air-stable crystals in a 1.2% yield. Essentially the same reaction using methyl-substituted 1,4-dichlorobutyne-2 have given substituted butatriene iron carbonyl complexes,(R1R2C=C=C=CR1R2)Fe2(CO)5, where R1 = R2 = CH3 (V), R1 = H, and R2 = CH3(IV), in low yields. The vibrational, electronic and NMR spectra of these new complexes have been discussed in connection with their structures.
The Absorption Spectrum of the Cobalt(II) Ion Catalyst in the Reaction of Methanol with Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen under a High Pressure
Authors: Mizoroki Tsutomu , Nakayama Mikitake 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absorption spectra during the course of the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxidehydrogen mixtures in the presence of a mixture of cobalt (II) acetate and sodium iodide as the catalyst under high temperatures and pressures (180–185°C, 200–220kg./cm2) have been taken, using an automatic recording spectrophotometer and special autoclave made of Ti-Mn alloy and a couple of thick pieces of quartz glass. Whenever the reaction starts, the absorption corresponding to that of [Co-(AcO4]2− goes on decreasing, while that corresponding to [CoI4]2− increases in place. It has been difficult to confirm the formation of cobalt carbonyls as Co2(CO)8 and HCo(CO)4during the course of the reaction, because their absortions overlap with those of the strong electronic charge transfer of tetrahedral iodocobalt(II) complex ions. From the experimental results and subsequent considerations, it has been shown that, when a comparatively large number of iodide ions are present in the solution, most of the cobalt (II) ions do not form cobalt carbonyls, but tetrahedral cobalt (II) complex ions of the [Co(AcO)4−nIn]2− type (n=1–4) during the course of the reaction, and that the reaction is accompanied by an increase in the number of tetrahedral iodocobalt(II) complex ions.
The Photolysis of Ethyl Chloroformate in Hydrocarbons
Authors: Pac Chyongjin , Tsutsumi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photolysis of ECF in cyclohexane, cyclohexene, oct-1-ene, and benzene has been carried out. It has been concluded that carbon-chlorine bond breaking has occurred to give ethoxycarbonyl radicals in a selective manner. The reactions of the radical in hydrocarbons have been qualitatively discussed, and it has been suggested that the radical had a life long enough to associate with a cyclohexyl radical in a solvent cage, but not a life long enough to dimerize and be added to carbon-carbon double bonds with less decomposition. Thus, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, oct-1-ene, and benzene were carboxylated. No chain reactions were observed in light- and dibenzoyl peroxide-induced reactions of ECF in hydrocarbons ; i. e., ECF was unreactive to alkyl radicals and radicals bearing an ethoxycarbonyl group on their α-carbon. The photolysis of ECF supplies a convenient method for the generation of ethoxycarbonyl radicals.
The Copolymerization of the Vinyl Monomer with a Cyclic Compound. I. The Cationic Copolymerization of Some Vinyl Monomers with 3,3-Bis (chloromethyl) oxetane
Authors: Aoki Shuzo , Harita Yoshiyuki , Otsu Takayuki , Imoto Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The copolymerization of several vinyl monomers, such as styrene, α-methylstyrene and isobutyl vinyl ether, with 3,3-bis(chloromethyl)oxetane catalyzed by Lewis acids (boron trifluoride-diethyl etherate, stannic chloride and triethylaluminum-water) in methylene chloride at 0°C has been investigated. In these copolymerizations, the copolymers were not obtained, though a mixture of the corresponding homopolymers was obtained in some cases. The results have been explained on the basis of the differences in reactivity resulting from the structures of the two propagating chain ends.
A Geochemical Study of Selenium in Volcanic Exhalation and Sulfur Deposits. II. On the Behavior of Selenium and Sulfur in Volcanic Exhalation and Sulfur Deposits
Authors: Suzuoki Tetsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
With regard to the temperature dependency of the sulfur/selenium ratio in volcanic gases, the factors which control the behavior of selenium and sulfur have been considered from the viewpoints of the chemical equilibrium, the vapor pressure and the thermal balance.
It has been found, from the examination of the equilibrium constants, that, unlike the case with sulfur, the most probable form of selenium in volcanic gases is free selenium. The effect of the vapor pressuse is significant in controlling the transfer of selenium and sulfur into volcanic gases. The results of the calculation of the thermal balance show that the observed wide variation in selenium concentration is due to the addition of water vapor.
On the other hand, it has been found that selenium and sulfur are extremely unsaturated at higher temperatures. This lack of saturation is caused by the dynamical processes of the introduction of these gases into volcanic gases.
Studies of the Liquid-Liquid Partition Systems. III. The Solvent Extraction of Americium(III) and Europium(III) Thiocyanate Complexes with Tributylphosphate
Authors: Sekine Tatsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The two-phase distribution of americium(III) and europium (III) has been studied between the hexane solution of tributylphosphate (TBP) and the aqueous solution of sodium thiocyanate at 25°C. From the distribution data when the organic phase was 5% (by volume) TBP in hexane and the aqueous phase was 5 m Na(SCN, ClO4), the following equilibrium constants have been obtained by a least-squares method:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
A remarkable salting-out effect has been observed when sodium perchlorate is added to the aqueous phase. This salting-out effect has been discussed, as has the solvation number of TBP in the adduct complexes in the organic phase.
The Preparation of Iminosulfonic Acid Derivatives by Means of Sulfinamides and N-Bromosuccinimide
Authors: Takei Hisashi , Watanabe Itaru , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been found that N-substituted benzenesulfinamides (I) react with thionyl chloride to give benzenesulfinyl chloride and the corresponding N-sulfinylamines, and that they are oxidized by treatment with bromine in an alkaline solution to give N-substituted sulfonamides.
When these benzenesulfinamides are treated with bromine or N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in the presence of various primary or secondary amines, the corresponding benzeneiminosulfonamides are obtained in high yields. Similarly, the reaction of I, NBS and sodium p-nitrophenolate or sodium benzoate yields p-nitrophenyl benzeneiminosulfonate or N-benzoylbenzensulfonamide. These reactions are considered to proceed through the benzeneiminosulfonyl bromides formed by the oxidation of sulfinamides with bromine or NBS.
An Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Spectrophotometric Study of Titanium(III)-Chelate Compounds with Nitrilotricarboxylic Acid and Its Derivatives
Authors: Codell Maurice , Fujiwara Shizuo , Nagashima Kozo , Seki Tokuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Complexes formed by titanium(III) and agents which are similar in structure but varying in numbers of carboxyl groups have been studied by EPR and spectrophotometry. Among the reagents investigated, NTA, which posesses four coordinating groups, gives the largest EPR signals with a well-developed hyperfine structure. BHEG, which possesses two coordinating groups, gives much smaller signals, and even at the highest sensitivity setting of the instrument, no definite hyperfine structure can be detected. HEID, which posesses three coordinating groups, gives signals with two peaks, which indicates the simultaneous existance of two complexes in the solution. The ratios of the complexes of titanium(III) and NTA and HEID which exist in solution at various pH values have been spectrophotometrically determined.
The Structure and Properties of Supported Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Hagihara Hiroshi , Echigoya Etsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The chemical states of cobalt in the supported catalysts may be classified into two types. One is the type in which the cobalt is not combined with the carrier but remains free on its surface. In the other type, cobalt oxide forms a complex with the carrier and resists reduction by hydrogen.
2) The ratio of the amounts of the two types varied both with the kind of carrier and with the method of preparation used.
3) The hydrothermally-formed cobalt-alumina and cobalt-silica catalysts form CoAl2O4 and cobalt hydrosilicate compounds respectively.
4) The course of the reduction of cobalt oxide in the catalyst is as follows: In the temperature range from 200 to 300°C, the cobalt(II, III) oxide is mainly reduced to cobalt(II) oxide, and later cobalt(II) oxide is reduced to β-Co between 300 and 500°C. The reduction temperature of cobalt(II, III) oxide is different for the various types of catalysts.
5) The catalyst which consists of a complex between the metal and its carrier-oxide is less active than the free metal catalyst for the hydrogena-tion reaction, and it is almost completely inactive in the hydrogenolysis reaction.
6) The results of the various analyses of the supported cobalt catalysts are in good agreement with one other.
Absorptinon Spectra of Dyes. VIII. The Correlation between Thermodynamic Quantities and Chemical Structure in Complex Formation
Authors: Tanizaki Yoshié , Hoshi Toshihiko , Ando Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Using five kinds of dyes of Sky Blue FF and of similar structures, the equilibrium constants for a 1 : 1 and a 1 : 2 complex formed with Chrysophenine G have been determined by means of spectroscopy in the intervals of 20–60°C.
2) A new method of calculating the equilibrium constant has been proposed.
3) The free energy change (−ΔF), the enthalpy change (−ΔH) and the entropy change (−ΔS) for the complex formation have been obtained.
4) The correlation between these quantities and the chemical structure has been discussed and the following facts clarified: The larger the number of effective auxochromes (NH2, OH), the greater –ΔH and −ΔS become. The sulfonic group contributes to −ΔS through the location of that group. The dye molecule in the complex state is more planar than in the free state.
The Rotatory Dispersion and Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. VII. Monosulfides and Disulfides Derived from Glucose and Glucosamine
Authors: Tsuzuki Yojiro , Tanabe Koko , Akagi Masuo , Tejima Setsuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Measurements have been made of the rotatory dispersions (265 to 700 mμ) and ultraviolet absorptions (225 to 340 mμ of various thiosugars, namely, there monothiodisaccharides (I, II, V), two dithio disaccharides (III, VI), and thiolevoglucosan (IV), in order to investigate the effect of sulfur atoms on optical activity.
The monosulfides, I, II and V, exhibit no absorption maxima and plain, negative RD curves. The disulfides, III and VI, exhibit absorption maxima at 235 to 250 mμ. Their negative RD curves are, accordingly, very steep, approaching the first extremes of the possible Cotton effect.
Thiolevoglucosan (IV), containing a “ heterocyclic ” sulfur atom, shows more bathochromic shifts than simple sulfides, and a stronger optical activity than levoglucosan. The strong rotatory contribution of the sulfur atom is also observed in acetylated thiotrehalose (V).
In thiosugars the acetamido group also shows a smaller rotatory contribution than the aceto-xyl group.
The dispersion data have been analyzed by means of the Drude equation, and the physical significance of the dispersion constants has been discussed.
The Reaction of Methyl Vinyl Ketone with Alkyl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Kurihara Yoshie , Higa Tatsuo , Sato Kikumasa , Abe Shigehiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of methyl vinyl ketone with isobutylmagnesium bromide and ethylmagnesium bromide have been studied. Methyl vinyl ketone reacts with isobutylmagnesium bromide to give methylheptanone and 3-iso-amyl-2-vinyl-2-pentanol-4-one as a result of 1,4-addition; the latter compound is formed from 2 mol. of ketone and one mole of the Grignard reagent. On the other hand, in the reaction of ethylmagnesium bromide with methyl vinyl ketone, both 1,2- and 1,4-addition take place, and 3-methyl-1-penten-3-ol and 3-propyl-2-vinyl-2-pentanol-4-one are obtained. These keto-alcohols have been decomposed to the corresponding ketones and methyl vinyl ketone by heating or by treatment with sulfuric acid.
The Electrical Conduction of Iodine Complexes of Aromatic Diamines
Authors: Kusakawa Hideaki , Nishizaki Shun-ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnitudes and temperature dependence of the electrical resistivities of aromatic diamine - iodine complexes have been studied on four aromatic diamines; 1,5-naphthylenediamine (NDA), benzidine (BEN), o-tolidine (TOL) and p, p′-diaminodiphenylmethane (APM).
As the donor is a non-conjugated molecule, the electrical conductivity of its iodine complex is inferior to that of the conjugated diamine.
BEN and TOL, which are polyphenylenediamines, are better electron donors for iodine than NDA, a diaminopolyacene; the characteristics of the electron donor for iodine of NDA are as strong as those of p-PDA.
The resistivity shows a minimum value at an iodine mole ratio above 1.0 in the cases of the conjugated aromatic diamine which involve two benzene rings. These iodine contents are higher than the corresponding value p-PDA-iodine, 0.8.