bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DATA ANALYSIS FOR SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS: APPLICATION OF A DISTRIBUTION‐FREE MULTIPLE COMPARISONS PROCEDURE
Authors: Cooley Belva J. , Cooley John W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe analysis of simulation data in the evaluation of competing alternatives presents a problem for the analyst using conventional statistical techniques. The assumptions of normality and common variances generally cause difficulties since many classes of simulation experiments typically violate both of these assumptions. In addition, the analyst is usually interested in comparing competing alternatives using environments that are as close to identical as possible. In these situations, blocking is desirable and can usually be accomplished by using common random number streams. This paper discusses a distribution‐free method based on Friedman's rank sums test that can be used to analyze simulation results exhibiting the above characteristics. The procedure requires only independence within treatments.
ASYMMETRIC LOSS FUNCTION AND OPTIMAL POLICY UNDER UNCERTAINTY: A SIMPLE PROOF
Authors: Hosomatsu Yasu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGiven an asymmetric quasi‐convex loss function and a symmetric quasi‐concave probability density function, both continuous, an extremely simple proof is suggested that shows that a policy maker will minimize expected loss by choosing a policy value on the less‐damaging side of the loss function. This proof, which is compatible with a wide variety of loss functions and probability density functions, is extended to include cases where a symmetric loss function is matched against an asymmetric probability density function and where an asymmetric loss is matched with an asymmetric probability density function.
A NOTE ON PROCEDURES FOR TESTING THE QUALITY OF A CLUSTERING OF A SET OF OBJECTS
Authors: Milligan Glenn W. , Mahajan Vijay 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDespite the increased application of cluster analysis in decision sciences, few attempts have been made to derive hypothesis‐testing procedures for the evaluation of clustering solutions. In fact, the present paper shows that at least one such attempt failed to specify a meaningful sampling distribution for the test procedure. An alternative index based on the concept of point‐biserial correlation is proposed as a possible recovery measure. The index is subsequently used to form the basis of a valid statistical test for the existence of cluster structure.
THE MEASUREMENT AND OPERATING BENEFITS OF COMPONENT PART COMMONALITY
Authors: Collier David A. 
Published: June 2007

The product structure is a key input to a material requirements planning system. Yet, the effect of alternate product structure designs on system performance is not well understood. Analytical measures are needed to accurately relate product‐structure characteristics to total cost and delivery performance.A new analytical measure of product structure called the degree of commonality index is defined in this paper. The degree of commonality index can be applied to single end items, product families, entire product lines, or to any level of product structure.This study suggests that component part commonality, as measured by the degree of commonality index, has a significant effect on system performance. For example, company standardization programs that increase the degree of component part commonality result in manufacturing cost reductions. The degree of commonality index provides a way to directly relate the degree of component part commonality to various dependent variables such as total cost, work center load, and delivery performance.
MODELING THE ALLOCATION OF GRADUATE STUDENT FINANCIAL AID
Authors: Anderson Evan E. , Shueh Chung‐ting 
Published: June 2007

Universities have always competed with one another for the relatively small number of highly qualified students interested in graduate education. This competition has been intensified recently by adverse demographic trends.This paper is concerned with the use of financial aid awards as a means of competition and with allocation of awards so that enrollments are maximized while satisfying academic standards and budget constraints. It also considers the randomness of actual aid disbursements and develops models of incremental aid allocation that increase enrollments but are within tolerance levels for budget overruns.
AN ADAPTIVE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR ACADEMIC RESOURCE PLANNING
Authors: Franz Lori Sharp , Lee Wang M. , Van Horn James C. 
Published: June 2007

Institutions of higher learning are growing increasingly interested in the use of model‐based approaches to their resource allocation problems. Recent modeling approaches, however, have failed to consider that resource allocation planning is not a well‐structured decision process. Additionally, many decision makers are necessarily involved in the academic planning process and may assume dissimilar perspectives on the importance of achieving different goals and objectives. Furthermore, satisfactory allocation solutions can be expected to vary considerably from decision maker to decision maker as the individual's cognitive processes, perceptions, and evaluations are taken into consideration.This paper describes a decision support system (DSS) approach that attempts to adapt to a variety of academic decision makers with differing planning views in an environment of multiple conflicting objectives. This DSS, which was successfully tested on four academic decision makers in a large midwestern university, shows considerable promise for providing decision support to decision makers with varied problem‐solving styles.
A COMPARISON OF INFORMATION STRUCTURES FOR A RIGID DECISION RULE CASE
Authors: Ahituv Niv 
Published: June 2007

The information economics model of individual decision assumes that decision makers are capable of instantly modifying their decision rules in response to signal changes from the information structure. Individuals, however, often tend to stick to rigid decision rules, particularly when they are trained to respond with conditioned reactions, such as to a traffic light.This article modifies the individual decision model for such cases. It discusses probabilistic information structures as well as the deterministic information function. It results in an ordering of information structures that differs from the ordering imposed by the Blackwell Theorem. When deterministic information functions are considered, an ordering that is finer than the prevailing one is proposed.Transformations between deterministic and probabilistic information functions and the relationship between the proposed model and the previous theory are also discussed.
EFFECTS OF BUDGETARY CONTROL DESIGN ON MANAGEMENT DECISIONS: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE*
Authors: Kamin Jacob Y. , Ronen Joshua 
Published: June 2007

An examination of budgetary slack behavior reveals that managerial characteristics and the economic environment may contribute to the failure of budgetary control systems.Large management‐controlled firms that operate in industries with high barriers to entry behave as if they allocate more slack resources when compared with owner‐controlled firms of similar size and market power. The results confirm that accounting operating‐income numbers reflect manifestations of slack behavior in the budgetary process. Management‐controlled firms in particular seem to act as if they fail to release and redistribute slack resources. It is concluded that budgetary slack behavior points to failures in the organization design that may lead to inefficient allocation of resources and to inferior profit performance.
STRATEGIC FACILITY PLANNING: THE ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS
Authors: Schilling David A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the issue of uncertainty in planning the long‐term development of facility systems. In certain instances, the high variance of a single future forecast can be reduced by using a set of alternative future scenarios. By carefully selecting facility configurations, the planner can delay the selection of a future set of facility sites at little or no sacrifice while additional information is gathered and uncertainty reduced. This allows the planner to maintain flexibility in adapting to a complex and dynamic environment.Several models are presented for different planning contexts. Examples for each, as well as a robust bicriterion solution heuristic, are also provided.
PERCEPTION AND PREFERENCE CONGRUENCY: A COLOR REPLICATION*
Authors: Lonial Subhash C. , Van Auken Stuart 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe work of Doehlert has involved an investigation of automobile‐color preferences and their relationship to color perceptions. For the most part, Doehlert's work has pointed to congruency. Other work, dealing with formal congruency testing between unfolded preferences and perceptions, has proven somewhat disappointing. Since the nature of the stimulus set may play a role in a resulting congruency, this study will attempt to replicate and extend the work of Doehlert. Given replication, a framework for stimulus set uniqueness may be obtained. Either way, keynote implications for marketing decision making are to be developed.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE TIC CRITERION FOR ACCEPTING TAX‐EXEMPT BOND BIDS UNDER CERTAINTY
Authors: Braswell Ronald C. , Sumners Dewitt L. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTSeveral analysts have advocated the TIC criterion for the selection of bids in the tax‐free bond market. The proponents, however, have overlooked the bias introduced by the TIC method. An analysis is developed which shows that use of TIC can result in economically incorrect rankings for the issuer. We prove, under conditions of certainty, that given any Bid A, it is possible to construct Bid B with coupon rates arbitrarily close to Bid A such that the TIC criterion leads to acceptance of the bid with the higher present value of interest costs.
TOTAL SETUP LOT SIZING WITH QUANTITY DISCOUNTS*
Authors: Kuzdrall Paul J. , Britney Robert R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTOften, order quantity decisions are made by purchasers facing a price schedule of quantity discounts. Traditional solution procedures have consisted of the evaluation of total cost at numerous price‐break points in search of the lowest total cost. This approach is tedious and not particularly informative, especially when one is faced with lengthy schedules.This paper presents a total setup lot‐sizing model that reduces the computations required to find the least‐total‐cost quantity, given parameters from a supplier's price schedule.The parameters are first obtained by simple regression (graphical or computer) and in themselves can provide valuable insight for the purchaser's decision making. A total setup lot‐sizing model is next developed to define a “critical interval” that contains the solution. The model and algorithm are tested under a variety of conditions. Their application offers the decision maker a convenient alternative to determine the best quantity to order from a tendered price schedule.
A NOTE ON DYNAMIC LOT SIZING IN A ROLLING‐HORIZON ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Chand Suresh 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a modification of the dynamic lot‐size algorithm of Wagner and Whitin for rolling horizon environments. The computational results show that the modified algorithm gives better cost performance than the Wagner‐Whitin algorithm and the Silver‐Meal heuristic. The improvements over the Wagner‐Whitin algorithm require very few additional computations.
AN ALTERNATE MODEL FOR LEAD‐TIME DEMAND: CONTINUOUS‐REVIEW INVENTORY SYSTEMS
Authors: Carlson Phillip G. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe calculation of reorder points when the distribution of lead‐time demand is normal is quite complex, primarily because of having to bound it away from negative demand values. A number of researchers have sought feasible alternative forms of lead‐time demand which can be calculated without undue difficulty. It is proposed here to assume a Poisson (daily) demand and an exponential lead time (days). If they are assumed independent their convolution is geometric, which is itself asymptotically exponential. This has a number of advantages: (1) The exponential lead time is appropriate where the lead time is often short (i.e., local source), occasionally longer (when the local sources stock out), and, infrequently, quite long. (2) The geometric lead‐time demand is independent of changes of time scale. (3) Reorder points and lot sizes appear in simple closed form. (4) The exponential asymptote is sufficiently close that this further simplification is usually warranted.
A GOAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR ALLOCATING HUMAN RESOURCES FOR THE GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE REGULATIONS
Authors: Jones Lawrence , Kwak N. K. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe Food and Drug Administration's final Good Laboratory Practice regulation will have a far‐reaching effect on testing laboratories that are conducting nonclinical laboratory safety tests. This paper develops a goal programming decision model suitable for setting objectives, meeting budgetary and operational constraints, planning personnel utilization, and evaluating different proposals for allocating laboratory personnel to implement a program.
CHEXPEDITE: A COMPUTER‐BASED APPROACH TO THE BANK COURIER PROBLEM
Authors: Hill Arthur V. , Whybark D. Clay 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a successful computer‐based approach to scheduling courier vehicles for the check collection system in multibranch commercial banks. The approach has been adopted by six large banks in the United States and has achieved dramatic cost savings at several of these banks.This paper begins by describing the bank courier problem and reviewing several approaches to the problem that have been proposed in the literature. A practical, computer‐based approach to the bank courier problem is then presented. Finally, implementation experience at several banks is overviewed.
RENEGING IN QUEUES REVISITED
Authors: Martin Glen E. , Pankoff Lyn D. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTParkan and Warren [2] analyze the optimal reneging decision of a customer joining a G/M/1 queue with imperfect information about parameters of the system. Their Bayesian approach to the problem is incomplete and overstates the probability that the customer will renege, which is potentially costly to the server as well as to the customer.
DEGENERACY AND THE (MIS)INTERPRETATION OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Authors: Evans James R. , Baker Norman R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTUnder conditions of degeneracy, sensitivity analysis information such as cost and right‐hand‐side ranges, which are produced by standard linear programming procedures used in commercial codes, can be misleading. From a managerial perspective, the interpretation of such information can be erroneous. In this paper we present these problems, explain their occurence with elementary examples, and discuss procedures for their resolution.
A ONE‐PERIOD STOCHASTIC INVENTORY PROBLEM WITH A LUMP‐SUM PENALTY COST
Authors: Hamidi‐Noori A. , Bell Peter C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an inventory problem related to the one‐period stochastic inventory (or “newsboy”) problem. In this problem, the firm has to decide how much product to order to meet a random one‐period demand. The version of the problem presented is novel in two respects. First, demand is explicitly permitted to be negative, and second, the penalty (or shortage) cost is assumed to be independent of the magnitude of the shortage. This situation is shown to change the form of the cost function and to complicate the determination of optimal policies. The form of the optimal policy is developed, and two example problems are presented in some detail.
INFLUENCE OF POWER BASES IN ORGANIZATIONAL DECISION MAKING: A CONTINGENCY MODEL*
Authors: Shukla Ramesh K. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe relative influence of four power bases was investigated in four decision‐making contexts using data from forty successfully implemented decisions. The analysis suggests that position power decreases in influence while resource power and political power increase in influence as decision contexts vary from less to more uncertainty. Expert power derives its influence when organizational uncertainty is low and when technical uncertainty is reduced, whereas political power thrives when organizational uncertainty is high and when technical uncertainty remains high. Indexing the influence of power bases provides greater understanding of decision processes than the sociological or social‐psychological approaches of studying participation.
A CANONICAL ANALYSIS OF MANAGERIAL‐ENVIRONMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS: IMPLICATIONS FOR METHODOLOGY AND POLICY*
Authors: Smith Howard L. , James William L. , Fottler Myron D. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe present study uses canonical analysis to examine the contingency model of organizations in the nursing home field. Data on environmental pressures and managerial practices relevant to the decision‐making process are analyzed. Results support the theory that managerial practices are contingent on environmental pressures. The implications of these results for health‐care decision makers and for future assessments of managerial‐environmental relationships are discussed.
State of the Art: RESEARCH DIRECTIONS IN DECISION MAKING UNDER UNCERTAINTY*
Authors: Winkler Robert L. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the modeling of decision‐making problems under uncertainty, indicating current gaps in knowledge and promising research directions. Technical details are omitted, and no attempt is made to review past work since excellent recent reviews are available. The discussion of research topics is divided into four categories: model formulation, modeling uncertainty, modeling preferences, and modeling competitive and group decisions. The primary focus is normative, although descriptive work that can be valuable from a normative perspective is included. The suggested research directions cover the entire spectrum from theory to application.Subject Areas: Decision Analysis, Statistical Decision Theory, and Game Theory.
THE EFFECT AND COST OF FORECAST ERROR BIAS FOR MULTIPLE‐STAGE PRODUCTION‐INVENTORY SYSTEMS
Authors: Biggs Joseph R. , Campion William M. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines forecast error with an intention not to minimize forecast error so much as to bias the resultant error in order to achieve better managerial results. Much work has been accomplished by other researchers toward the goal of minimizing forecast error—sometimes by the use of sophisticated forecasting techniques. The results of this paper indicate that manipulating forecast error bias may be the better managerial strategy as opposed to going to great lengths to minimize forecast error.Subject Areas: Forecasting, Aggregate Planning, Capacity Planning, and Production/Operations Management.
OPERATING POLICIES FOR SCHEDULING ASSEMBLED PRODUCTS
Authors: Goodwin Jack S. , Goodwin James C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a simulation study of the relative impact of different operating policies on performance of a hypothetical multistage production system that produces assembled products. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of operating policy rules on system performance. Several performance criteria, including flow time and earliness and tardiness measures, were used to evaluate system performance. Results show that performance of the production system is significantly influenced by the operating policy rules, although the relative impact of the rules is dependent on the performance measure considered. Interactions between and among policy rules were also found to be important in several cases. Overall, the results indicate that much previous research in non‐assembly systems can be generalized to assembly systems.Subject Areas: Scheduling, Material Requirements Planning, and Simulation.
Applications and Implementation: OBTAINING PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS BY JURY: QUANTIFICATION BY INDIRECT SCALING
Authors: Palvia Prashant 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper describes an innovative method for obtaining citizen input for public decision‐making and budgeting processes. The method draws respondents from the county district court juror pool as the sample base and conducts a rather specialized survey on them. The sample base has been found to be satisfactory in terms of its representativeness and reliability. The process provides local governments a simple, convenient, and low‐cost method for obtaining public perceptions. The demonstration cost of this process was only one‐tenth that of comparable commercial surveys.Subject Areas: Sampling and Survey Methods and Scaling Methods.
COST INCREASES DUE TO DEMAND UNCERTAINTY IN MRP LOT SIZING
Authors: De Bodt Marc A. , Van Wassenhove Luk N. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the cost increases due to demand uncertainty in single‐level MRP lot sizing on a rolling horizon. It is shown that forecast errors have a tremendous effect on the cost effectiveness of lot‐sizing techniques even when these forecast errors are small. Moreover, the cost differences between different techniques become rather insignificant in the presence of forecast errors. Since most industrial firms face demand uncertainty to some extent, our findings may have important managerial implications. Various simulation experiments give insight into both the nature and the magnitude of the cost increases for different heuristics. Analytical results are developed for the constant‐demand case with random noise and forecasting by exponential smoothing. It is also shown how optimal buffers can be obtained by use of a simple model. Although the analysis in this paper is restricted to simplified cases, the results merit further consideration and study. This paper is one of the first to inject forecast errors into MRP lot‐sizing research. As such it attempts to deal with one of the major objections against the practical relevance of previous research in this area.
AN APPROXIMATION TO THE HYPERCUBE MODEL WITH PATROL‐INITIATED ACTIVITIES: AN APPLICATION TO POLICE
Authors: McKnew Mark A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper applies the patrol‐initiated‐activity hypercube queuing model to historical data from a police agency. The model allows servers to handle both calls assigned by a central dispatcher and activities initiated by the servers. By duplicating a fairly complex dispatch strategy, the model was found to predict both assigned and server‐initiated work loads accurately for the overall system and individual servers. The model is apparently ineffective in predicting small unit‐travel‐time differences for this police agency.
SOME TENTATIVE COMMENTS ON JAPANESE AND AMERICAN DECISION MAKING
Authors: Doktor Robert 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAmple literature attests to the existence of differential views of causation held by Japanese as compared to Americans. Some new evidence links, in a rather complex manner, these differing causation maps to physiological brain structure. Review of this new evidence somewhat clarifies the nature of the differences in views of causation and preliminarily points toward the developmental phenomena underlying these differences. This, in turn, may help researchers interpret the differences in management practices existent within the two cultures under study.
A COMPARISON OF INVESTMENT ALLOCATION STRATEGIES FOR DISTRIBUTION INVENTORIES
Authors: Gardner Everette S. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTManagement goals in distribution inventories are often expressed in terms of the maximum percentage of aggregate sales that should be back ordered. This paper compares several strategies for allocating total inventory investment to each item stocked in order to meet such goals. Computational results are given from a wholesale distribution inventory. The results show that multi‐item strategies (which consider the interactions between items) require substantially less investment to meet management goals than strategies that treat each line item independently. All models in this research are approximations based on the assumptions commonly used in practice.