bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogenisation of riverine ichthyofauna diversity by small hydropower dams
Authors: Carvalho Dandhara Rossi , Araújo Francisco Gerson 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDams modify river physical and chemical attributes. This disruption hampers fish migration, leading to the introduction of non‐native species and losses of specialised native species. Small hydropower plants (SHPs) have been suggested for replacing large dams to minimise reservoir size and preserve natural flow regimes. We evaluated the influences of two SHPs on the ichthyofauna in a tropical river, comparing fish taxonomic and functional beta‐diversity in three periods. Period‐1 preceded SHP construction (Pre‐2008), when the river was free‐flowing. Period‐2 was 1 year after completion of SHP construction (Post‐2012). Period‐3 was after 10 years of SHP operation (Current‐2021). We calculated 10 functional ichthyofaunal attributes based on 12 quantitative morphometric measurements related to habitat use, feeding, and locomotion. The ichthyofaunal composition varied among the periods (p = .001) and seasons (p = .009), with the highest species richness in the Post period compared to the other two periods (p = .002). Abundance significantly decreased over time (p = .004). Taxonomic beta‐diversity increased in the Post period remaining stable in the Current period. Functional beta‐diversity did not change between the Pre and Post periods but significantly increased in the Current period. The turnover component had the greater influence on both taxonomic and functional beta‐diversity, with no temporal changes observed in nestedness. The ichthyofauna appears to have undergone heterogenisation and restructuring. Changes include the emergence of more tolerant species (e.g., Hoplosternum littorale and Pimelodus maculatus), displacement of native and sensitive species (e.g., Pogonopoma parahybae and Steindachneridion parahybae), and colonisation by a non‐native predator (Plagioscion squamosissimus). This indicates that small‐scale projects such as SHPs harm fish populations by altering habitats and restructuring the ichthyofauna.
Associations of mental well‐being with higher education‐related stress and orientation of the academic goals among nursing students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ji Qiqi , Zhang Lin , Xu Jiashuang , Ji Pengjuan , Song Miaojing , Chen Yian , Guo Leilei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo investigate the association between the mental health of nursing students, the stress of higher education, and academic goal orientation. At a medical college, 1170 nursing students volunteered for this cross‐sectional survey. The Warwick‐Edinburgh Well‐being Scale, the Higher Education Stress Scale, and the Academic Goal Orientation Questionnaire were utilised to collect data. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis were all performed to evaluate the data. The significance level for all statistical tests was p < 0.05. A total of 1126 valid samples, with a 96.23% effective recovery rate. The Higher Education Stress Scale score for nursing students was (38.31 ± 8.29), the Academic Goal Orientation Questionnaire result was (49.32 ± 9.62), and the Mental Health Scale value was (31.24 ± 14.00). Overall, there was a strong relationship between the stress associated with higher education, academic goal orientation, and the mental health of nursing students. Therefore, in future interventions, the Chinese government and its relevant educational authorities can enhance nursing students' ability to reasonably regulate stress related to higher education and set clear academic goals by adjusting the strategies for regulating nursing students' academic stress and increasing the number of academic goal‐oriented courses to improve their mental health.
Prevention strategies for the recurrence of venous leg ulcers: A scoping review
Authors: He Bingyang , Shi Junfang , Li Lingyan , Ma Yuanyuan , Zhao Han , Qin Peiwei , Ma Peifen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVenous leg ulcer (VLU) is the most severe manifestations of chronic venous disease, which has characterized by slow healing and high recurrence rates. This typically recalcitrant and recurring condition significantly impairs quality of life, prevention of VLU recurrence is essential for helping to reduce the huge burden of patients and health resources, the purpose of this scoping review is to analyse and determine the intervention measures for preventing recurrence of the current reported, to better inform healthcare professionals and patients. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wan Fang Data and Chongqing VIP Information (CQVIP) were accessed up to June 17, 2023. This scoping review followed the five‐steps framework described by Arksey and O'Malley and the PRISMA extension was used to report the review. Eleven articles were included with a total of 1503 patients, and adopted the four effective measures: compression therapy, physical activity, health education, and self‐care. To conclude, the use of high pressure compression treatment for life, supplementary exercise therapy, and strengthen health education to promote self‐care are recommended strategies of VLU prevention and recurrence. In addition, the importance of multi‐disciplinary teams to participate in the care of VLU in crucial.
The effect of iodine on the local environment of network‐forming elements in aluminoborosilicate glasses: An NMR study
Authors: Soudani Sami , Paris Michael , Morizet Yann 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKnowledge of the structural organization of nuclear waste glasses at the atomic scale is the basis for further studies of macroscopic properties (e.g., fracture toughness, chemical durability, and leaching rate). Recent studies have focused on the iodine dissolution mechanism in oxide‐based glasses synthesized under high‐pressure conditions, but there is still a lack of key information on the extent of the modifications caused by iodine entering the glass network. We therefore decided to conduct an in‐depth study by nuclear magnetic resonance on two series of aluminoborosilicate glasses synthetized under high pressure conditions and doped with either I2 or I2O5. The obtained 11B, 23Na, and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were fitted and correlated with the iodine content in order to find possible relationships with the local environment change for the probed cations. These data showed that iodine has no effect on the coordination of aluminum and very little effects on that of boron. In contrast, we found an expected relationship of the I content with the 23Na NMR parameters. In comparison with previous studies on the non‐bridging oxygen (NBO) distribution in aluminoborosilicate, we suggest that Na+ is mainly scavenged from silica tetrahedra with one or two NBO ( or ) as no boron planar triangles with one NBO are expected for such compositions. From those information, we establish a model for iodine dissolution in nuclear waste glass that is consistent with previous studies.
Mechanical and dynamical stability of major oxide constituents of Portland cement clinker: a density functional theory study
Authors: Maul Jefferson , Mitoli Davide , Erba Alessandro , Dutra Ricardo P. S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQuantum‐mechanical calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) enable an effective characterization of a variety of properties of materials at the atomistic level, although at a high computational cost. Here, we fully exploit parallel computing to apply such methods to the study of lattice dynamics and mechanical response of the major oxide constituents of Portland cement clinker: , , , and . Raman spectra and the evolution of the elastic tensor (and associated mechanical properties) with pressure are predicted for all oxide systems. We devote much attention to the assessment of dynamical and mechanical stability of the many previously proposed polymorphic forms of the most abundant oxide: . Specifically, five different crystalline models of are analyzed: only two turn out to be dynamically stable. The mechanical response of is further analyzed as a function of temperature through a quasi‐harmonic description of its lattice dynamics.
Distribution, diversity and diversification from DNA barcoding perspective: The case of Gammarus radiation in the ancient Lake Ohrid
Authors: Mamos Tomasz , Grabowski Michał , Sworobowicz Lidia , Salzburger Walter , Trajanovski Sasho , Copilaş‐Ciocianu Denis , Mucciolo Serena , Wysocka Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimA detailed, comparative DNA‐barcoding and morphospecies‐based overview of the vertical and horizontal distribution of Lake Ohrid's endemic Gammarus species flock is provided. Re‐evaluation of the time frame for the onset of the species flock and identification of events that putatively influenced diversification processes.LocationLake Ohrid, Balkan Peninsula, Europe.TaxonGammarus species flock (Amphipoda, Crustacea).MethodsExtensive sampling and DNA barcoding of 600 individuals was carried out. DNA sequences were analysed using species delimitation methods, haplotype network reconstructions, Bayesian molecular dating and demographic analyses. The COI‐based species delimitation results were validated with nuclear 28S RNA data.ResultsThe species flock distribution has a weak horizontal but clear vertical structure. The diversity along bathymetric gradients correlates with temperature and salinity; and the highest diversity is observed in sublittoral and springs on the lake's shore. Two new molecular units representing putatively new species are revealed and supported also by the nuclear marker. The onset of flock radiation overlaps with the time of lake formation. The COI gene shows signs of positive selection and an acceleration in substitution rate. The demographic changes within the flock happened during the last thousands years.Main ConclusionsDistribution of the Gammarus species flock is vertically structured, reflecting habitat zonation. Parapatric speciation is one of the possible mechanisms behind the flock's diversification. Detection of new MOTUs suggests that the flock's diversity is still not fully revealed. Simultaneously, failure to collect three previously known MOTUs suggests a loss of gammarid diversity in the lake. This represents, together with the current threats to the lake ecosystem (i.e. climate changes, development of tourism), a clear call for conservation efforts. The speciation events and demographic changes within the flock relate presumably to glacial and postglacial water level changes and to the colonisation of new depth ranges and the associated springs.
Where Have All the ‘Exiters’ Gone? Contextualising the Concept of Hard Euroscepticism
Authors: Havlík Vratislav , Hloušek Vít 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe article analyses the impact of Brexit on hard Eurosceptic discourses in the Visegrád Group countries from 2015 to 2023. As the negative implications of Brexit for the UK economy became clear, many hard Eurosceptics softened their rhetoric, using the referendum as a proxy for a ‘hard’ exit. Whilst the classical soft–hard typology remains dominant amongst scholars in the study of Euroscepticism, the case of Brexit shows that long‐term principled opposition to the European Union (EU) can hide behind equivocal rhetoric. The article suggests studying the changing tactics of Eurosceptics by matching current EU and domestic contexts together with the long‐term points of departure of hard Eurosceptics.
Gingipains may be one of the key virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis to impair cognition and enhance blood–brain barrier permeability: An animal study
Authors: Li Fulong , Ma Chunliang , Lei Shuang , Pan Yaping , Lin Li , Pan Chunling , Li Qian , Geng Fengxue , Min Dongyu , Tang Xiaolin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimBlood–brain barrier (BBB) disorder is one of the early findings in cognitive impairments. We have recently found that Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteraemia can cause cognitive impairment and increased BBB permeability. This study aimed to find out the possible key virulence factors of P. gingivalis contributing to the pathological process.Materials and MethodsC57/BL6 mice were infected with P. gingivalis or gingipains or P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS group) by tail vein injection for 8 weeks. The cognitive behaviour changes in mice, the histopathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, the alternations of BBB permeability, and the changes in Mfsd2a and Cav‐1 levels were measured. The mechanisms of Ddx3x‐induced regulation on Mfsd2a by arginine‐specific gingipain A (RgpA) in BMECs were explored.ResultsP. gingivalis and gingipains significantly promoted mice cognitive impairment, pathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, increased BBB permeability, inhibited Mfsd2a expression and up‐regulated Cav‐1 expression. After RgpA stimulation, the permeability of the BBB model in vitro increased, and the Ddx3x/Mfsd2a/Cav‐1 regulatory axis was activated.ConclusionsGingipains may be one of the key virulence factors of P. gingivalis to impair cognition and enhance BBB permeability by the Ddx3x/Mfsd2a/Cav‐1 axis.
Active Support Measure: a multilevel exploratory factor analysis
Authors: Humphreys L. , Bigby C. , Araten‐Bergman T. , Iacono T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundActive Support is a person‐centred practice that enables people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) to engage in meaningful activities and social interactions. The Active Support Measure (ASM) is an observational tool designed to measure the quality of support that people with IDs living in supported accommodation services receive from staff. The aim of the study was to explore the underlying constructs of the ASM.MethodsMultilevel exploratory factor analysis was conducted on ASM data (n = 884 people with IDs across 236 accommodation services) collected during a longitudinal study of Active Support in Australian accommodation services.ResultsMultilevel exploratory factor analysis indicated that 12 of the ASM's 15 items loaded on two factors, named Supporting Engagement in Activities and Interacting with the Person.ConclusionsThe 12‐item ASM measures two dimensions of the quality of staff support. Both technical and interpersonal skills comprise good Active Support.
Toward understanding the neural mechanisms involved in early life stress‐induced aggression
Authors: Takahashi Aki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarly life stress, such as childhood abuse and neglect, is one of the major risk factors for the development of antisocial behavior. In rat models, repeated maternal separation (MS) stress, in which the pups are separated from the dams for a few hours each day during the first 2–3 weeks of life, increases aggressive behavior in adult males. This Editorial highlights an article in the current issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry that demonstrates the involvement of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in the escalation of aggressive behavior in the MS model. The authors show that MS rats exhibit higher c‐Fos expression in the CeA during an aggressive encounter compared to non‐isolated control rats. Unexpectedly, other amygdala subnuclei did not show differential activation between MS and control groups. Using optogenetics, they provide direct evidence that activation of CeA neurons increases intermale aggressive behavior and that bilateral CeA activation shifts behavioral patterns toward more qualitatively intense aggressive behavior than unilateral CeA activation. These findings highlight the important role of the CeA in the development of abnormal aggression and indicate that this region may be an important therapeutic target for human aggression induced by early life stress.image
Oro‐facial function and quality of life in children and adolescents with large horizontal maxillary overjet—A case–control study
Authors: Hansen Camilla , Bakke Merete , Sonnesen Liselotte 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundLarge horizontal maxillary overjet (overjet) is associated with reduced bite force (BF) and number of contacts, which influence the chewing effectivity (CE). Oral health, oro‐facial function (OF) and malocclusion have great impact on psychological well‐being and quality of life (QoL).ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to examine OF, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), BF, CE, QoL and well‐being in children and adolescents with large overjet.MethodsThe study was a case–control study including healthy children with large overjet in the study group compared to a control group of healthy children with neutral occlusion, all 9–14 years old. OF was examined by use of Nordic Orofacial Test‐Screening (NOT‐S), Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and registration of morphological and functional occlusion. QoL and well‐being were examined using KIDSCREEN‐10 and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsThe study and control groups included 37 and 32 participants, respectively. Significantly increased NOT‐S score (p < .001) and reduced BF (p = .011), numbers of contacts (p < .001) and CE (p = .005) were found in the study group. BF, numbers of contacts and CE were negatively associated with erupting canines and premolars. No significant difference was found in age, gender, dental eruption, TMD diagnosis or QoL between the groups. Significantly increased emotional symptoms (p = .007), hyperactivity (p = .043) and total difficulties score (p = .009) were found in the study group.ConclusionThe study group showed higher NOT‐S score and reduced BF, number of contacts and CE. No difference in QoL were found between the groups, although reduced well‐being and increased emotional symptoms, hyperactivity and total difficulties were found in the study group.
Challenges in engaging patients in feedback conversations for health care professionals' workplace learning
Authors: Sehlbach Carolin , Bosveld Matthijs H. , Romme Sjim , Nijhuis Marieke A. , Govaerts Marjan J. B. , Smeenk Frank W. J. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionPatient feedback is relevant information for improvement of health care professionals' performance. Engaging patients in feedback conversations can help to harness patient feedback as a powerful tool for learning. However, health care settings may prevent patients and health care professionals to effectively engage in a feedback dialogue. To advance our understanding of how feedback conversations may support learning in and from practice, we sought to explore patients' and health care providers' perspectives on engaging patients in feedback conversations as informal learning opportunities.MethodsFor this qualitative study, we used a pragmatic approach and conducted semi‐structured interviews with 12 health care providers and 10 patient consultants. We applied an inductive approach to thematic analysis to understand interviewees' perceptions regarding patient feedback for workplace learning.ResultsParticipants attributed importance to patient feedback and described how the feedback may improve treatment relationships, professionals' performance and care processes on the team level and the organisational level. Participants experienced conflicting roles as patient and educator or expert and learner, respectively. Changing relationships, feelings of vulnerability and perceived power dynamics in treatment relationships would affect participants' engagement in feedback conversations. Patients and professionals alike saw a role for themselves in giving or inviting feedback but often missed the tools for engaging in feedback conversations.DiscussionPatient feedback can contribute to professionals' practice‐based learning but requires navigating tensions around conflicting roles and power dynamics in the treatment relationship. Both patients and health care professionals need to embrace vulnerability and may need facilitation and guidance to use patient feedback effectively. Attention to power dynamics, if not a shift towards collaborative relationships, is however crucial to engage patients in feedback conversations, thereby capitalising the power patients posses.
Activity of amorolfine or ciclopirox in combination with terbinafine against pathogenic fungi in onychomycosis—Results of an in vitro investigation
Authors: Schaller Martin , Walker Birgit , Nabhani Schafiq , Odon Astrid , Riel Simon , Jäckel Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycoses are difficult‐to‐treat fungal infections with high relapse rates. Combining oral and topical antifungal drugs is associated with higher success rates. Additive or synergistic modes of action are expected to enhance treatment success rates.ObjectivesInvestigation of the combined effects of antifungal drugs in vitro with different modes of action and application on clinical isolates from mycotic nails.MethodsIsolates of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis were collected from infected toenail specimens of patients with onychomycosis. Susceptibility testing was performed in 96‐well polystyrene plates using a standard stepwise microdilution protocol. Additive or synergistic activity at varying concentrations was investigated by the checkerboard method.ResultsCombining terbinafine with amorolfine tended to be more effective than terbinafine in conjunction with ciclopirox. In most combinations, additive effects were observed. Synergy was detected in combinations with involving amorolfine in S. brevicaulis. These additive and synergistic interactions indicate that combined therapy with topical amorolfine and oral terbinafine is justified. Sublimation of amorolfine (and terbinafine) may enhance the penetration in and through the nail plate, and support treatment efficacy.ConclusionsThese in vitro results support the notion that combining oral terbinafine and topical amorolfine is beneficial to patients with onychomycosis, particularly if the pathogen is a non‐dermatophyte fungus such as S. brevicaulis.
Sentiments of solidarity: Varying conceptions of nationhood in Turkey
Authors: Keskintürk Turgut , Kuyucu Tuna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStudies on nationalism have recently transitioned from macro‐level analyses of large structural factors to micro‐level examinations, emphasizing nationalism as a set of cultural and political beliefs held by individuals. Such works that use opinion measures to explore heterogeneity in national self‐understandings show that nationalist beliefs distribute among the public in particular and non‐random ways, though the extent to which these heterogeneities induce variation in behavioural outcomes remains relatively unexplored. In this article, we argue that varying conceptions of nationhood inform ethnonational boundary‐making strategies and social action. Using latent class analyses and a resource allocation task in original representative survey data (N = 1,460), we ask whether varying cultural positions on nationhood covaries with preferential behaviour. We found that nationalist cultural models provide heterogeneous cultural templates and lead to preferential treatment of ethnonational ingroups.