bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rho/ROCK pathway as a target of tumor therapy
Authors: Rattan R. , Giri S. , Singh A.K. , Singh I. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study emphasizes the importance of Rho/ROCK pathway in lovastatin‐induced apoptosis as replenishment with exogenous isoprenoid, geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP), resulted in inhibition of apoptosis in cultured tumor cells. Treatment of C6 glioma cells with Toxin B and exoenzyme C3 resulted in cell death suggesting the role of geranylgeranylated protein(s) in the survival of glioma cells. Relative apoptotic death observed in cells transfected with dominant negative constructs of RhoA, Rac, and cdc42 imply Rho A as playing the major role in cell survival. Furthermore, the inhibition of Rho A kinase (ROCK), a direct downstream effector of Rho A, by Y‐27632 or dominant negative of ROCK, induced apoptosis in glioma cells. These findings indicate that RhoA/ROCK pathway is involved negatively in the regulation of glioma cell death pathway. Moreover, in vivo studies of lovastatin treatment in animals implanted with C6 glioma cell tumors also resulted in smaller tumor size and induced apoptosis in the tumor tissue. The implantation of stably transfected C6 glioma cells with expression vector of C3 exoenzyme, dominant negative of RhoA and ROCK, resulted in significant smaller tumor mass, further establishing the importance of geranylgeranylated proteins, specifically RhoA and its downstream effecter ROCK, in cell survival and tumor genesis © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibodies against β‐amyloid reduce aβ oligomers, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β activation and τ phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Ma Qiu‐Lan , Lim Giselle P. , Harris‐White Marni E. , Yang Fusheng , Ambegaokar Surendra S. , Ubeda Oliver J. , Glabe Charles G. , Teter Bruce , Frautschy Sally A. , Cole Greg M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAlthough active and passive immunization against the β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) of amyloid plaque‐bearing transgenic mice markedly reduces amyloid plaque deposition and improves cognition, the mechanisms of neuroprotection and impact on toxic oligomer species are not understood. We demonstrate that compared to control IgG2b, passive immunization with intracerebroventricular (icv) anti‐Aβ (1–15) antibody into the AD HuAPPsw (Tg2576) transgenic mouse model reduced specific oligomeric forms of Aβ, including the dodecamers that correlate with cognitive decline. Interestingly, the reduction of soluble Aβ oligomers, but not insoluble Aβ, significantly correlated with reduced τ phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), a major τ kinase implicated previously in mediating Aβ toxicity. A conformationally‐directed antibody against amyloid oligomers (larger than tetramer) also reduced Aβ oligomer‐induced activation of GSK3β and protected human neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells from Aβ oligomer‐induced neurotoxicity, supporting a role for Aβ oligomers in human τ kinase activation. These data suggest that antibodies that are highly specific for toxic oligomer subspecies may reduce toxicity via reduction of GSK‐3β, which could be an important strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated μ‐opioid receptor expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract accompanies attenuated withdrawal signs after chronic low dose naltrexone in opiate‐dependent rats
Authors: Van Bockstaele E.J. , Rudoy C. , Mannelli P. , Oropeza V. , Qian Y. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe previously described a decrease in withdrawal behaviors in opiate‐dependent rats that were chronically treated with very low doses of naltrexone in their drinking water. Attenuated expression of withdrawal behaviors correlated with decreased c‐Fos expression and intracellular signal transduction elements [protein kinase A regulatory subunit II (PKA) and phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB)] in brainstem noradrenergic nuclei. In this study, to determine whether similar cellular changes occurred in forebrain nuclei associated with drug reward, expressions of PKA and pCREB were analyzed in the ventral tegmental area, frontal cortex, striatum, and amygdala of opiate‐treated rats that received low doses of naltrexone in their drinking water. No significant difference in PKA or pCREB was detected in these regions following drug treatment. To examine further the cellular mechanisms in noradrenergic nuclei that could underlie attenuated withdrawal behaviors following low dose naltrexone administration, the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and locus coeruleus (LC) were examined for opioid receptor (OR) protein expression. Results showed a significant increase in μOR expression in the NTS of morphine‐dependent rats that received low doses of naltrexone in their drinking water, and increases in μOR expression were also found to be dose dependent. Protein expression of μOR in the LC and δOR in either brain region remained unchanged. In conclusion, our previously reported decreases in c‐Fos and PKA expression in the NTS following pretreatment with low doses of naltrexone may be partially explained by a greater inhibition of NTS neurons resulting from increased μOR expression in this region. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual inhibition of protein phosphatase‐1/2A and calpain rescues nerve growth factor‐differentiated PC12 cells from oxygen‐glucose deprivation‐induced cell death
Authors: Nakajima Takayuki , Wakasa Takashi , Okuma Yasunobu , Inanami Osamu , Nomura Yasuyuki , Kuwabara Mikinori , Kawahara Koichi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the present study, we examined how the cell survival signaling via cyclic AMP‐responsive element binding protein (CREB) and Akt, and the cell death signaling via cystein proteases, calpain and caspase‐3, are involved in oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation (OGD/reoxygenation)‐induced cell death in nerve growth factor (NGF)‐differentiated PC12 cells. OGD/reoxygenation‐induced cell death was evaluated by LDH release into the culture medium. The level of LDH release was low (9.0% ± 4.1%) immediately after 4 hr of OGD (0 hr of reoxygenation), was significantly increased to 28.6% ± 6.6% at 3 hr of reoxygenation, and remained at similar levels at 6 and 20 hr of reoxygenation, suggesting that reoxygenation at least for 3 hr resulted in the loss of cell membrane integrity. After 4 hr of OGD followed by 3 hr of reoxygenation, dephosphorylation of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), but not phosphorylated Akt (pAkt), was induced. Under these conditions, calpain‐ but not caspase‐3‐mediated α‐spectrin breakdown product was increased, indicating that OGD/reoxygenation also induced an increase in calpain activity. The restoration of pCREB by protein phosphatase (PP)‐1/2A inhibitors or the inhibition of excessive activation of calpain by calpain inhibitor did not reduce OGD/reoxygenation‐induced LDH release. Cotreatment with PP‐1/2A and calpain inhibitors reduced OGD/reoxygenation‐induced LDH release. The present study suggests that a balance in the phosphorylation and proteolytic signaling is involved in the survival of NGF‐differentiated PC12 cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A note on the Picard bundle over a moduli space of vector bundles
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Brambila–Paz L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLet ℳ︁(n , d ) be a coprime moduli space of stable vector bundles of rank n ≥ 2 and degree d over a complex irreducible smooth projective curve X of genus g ≥ 2 and ℳ︁ξ ⊂ ℳ︁(n , d ) a fixed determinant moduli space. Assuming that the degree d is sufficiently large, denote by 𝒦 the vector bundle over X ×ℳ︁(n , d ) defined by the kernel of the evaluation map H 0(X , E ) → Ex , where E ∈ℳ︁(n , d ) and x ∈ X . We prove that 𝒦 and its restriction 𝒦ξ to X × ℳ︁ξ are stable. The space of all infinitesimal deformations of 𝒦 over X ×ℳ︁(n , d ) is proved to be of dimension 3g and that of 𝒦ξ over X × ℳ︁ξ of dimension 2g , assuming that g ≥ 3 and if g = 3 then n ≥ 4 and if g = 4 then n ≥ 3. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Projective models of Enriques surfaces in scrolls
Authors: Hana Gert Monstad 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe study Cossec's ϕ ‐function, which is defined for divisors with positive self‐intersection on an Enriques surface. In this paper we study the existence of pairs (C 2, ϕ (C )) with C an irreducible curve. The ϕ ‐function gives in a natural way scrolls containing Enriques surfaces. We compute scroll types to some of these scrolls. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Construction of rigid local systems and integral representations of their sections
Authors: Haraoka Yoshishige , Yokoyama Toshiaki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe give a method for constructing all rigid local systems of semi‐simple type, which is different from the Katz–Dettweiler–Reiter algorithm. Our method follows from the construction of Fuchsian systems of differential equations with monodromy representations corresponding to such local systems, which give an explicit solution of the Riemann–Hilbert problem. Moreover, we show that every section of such local systems has an integral representation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Estimation des projecteurs de De Rham Hodge de certaines variétés riemaniennes non compactes
Authors: Lohoué Nöel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractOn montre des estimées pour le projecteur de De Rham–Hodge.We prove estimates for the De Rham–Hodge Lp projectors. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
M ‐elliptic pseudo‐differential operators on Lp(ℝn)
Authors: Wong M. W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe construct the minimal and maximal extensions in L p (ℝn ), 1 < p < ∞, for M ‐elliptic pseudo‐differential operators initiated by Garello and Morando. We prove that they are equal and determine the domains of the minimal, and hence maximal, extensions of M ‐elliptic pseudo‐differential operators. For M ‐elliptic pseudodifferential operators with constant coefficients, the spectra and essential spectra are computed. An application to quantization is given. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Polymer Composite Film with Reversible Responsive Behaviors
Authors: Lu Xiaoying , Peng Juan , Li Binyao , Zhang Changchun , Han Yanchun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSummary: A responsive polymer composite film was generated by the use of reversibly switchable surface morphology of polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) films in response to different block selective solvents on the rough isotactic poly(propylene) (i‐PP) substrate. The maximum difference of the water contact angle of the composite films increased from 22.6° of PS‐b‐PMMA films on the smooth substrate to 42.6° when they were treated by PS and PMMA selective solvents, respectively. The mechanisms of the responsive extent enhanced and the superhydrophobicity of the composite films were discussed in detail.Schematic illustration of how to fabricate a wettability‐responsive composite film: (a) on the flat Si substrate, (b) on the rough PP substrate.imageSchematic illustration of how to fabricate a wettability‐responsive composite film: (a) on the flat Si substrate, (b) on the rough PP substrate.
Focus on Axis Communications' 206W wireless network camera
Authors: Held Gilbert 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThere is an old adage that ‘good things come in small packages’. In this issue's Hardware Spotlight column we will turn our attention to what is billed as the world's smallest wireless network camera whose use validates the previously mentioned adage.The Axis 206W wireless network camera represents a unique merging of flash memory, a CMOS image sensor and IEEE 802.11b wireless LAN technology. The camera is packaged with a power adapter, fastened camera stand, USB cable, CD and manual. Because flash memory is used to store the camera's software, connecting the camera to a computer results in the Axis 206W appearing as a new drive. Clicking on that drive designator results in the display of the files contained in the camera's memory to include a setup program, making its setup a literal breeze.
Mobile IPv6 network: implementation and application
Authors: Chen Jiann‐Liang , Lee Yu‐Feng , Chang Yao‐Chung 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRecently, the world has become increasingly mobile, and people have started communicating by wireless networking. Mobile IPv6 enables mobile users to communicate with each other while moving. In this study, a mobile IPv6 network was implemented by the IEEE 802.11 specification, and its performance was analyzed using TCP and UDP applications. The experimental results indicate that throughput stabilized for UDP applications after about 6–14 seconds. However, TCP applications were found to stabilize throughput in 10–20 seconds. The evaluation results reveal that TCP applications perform less well in mobile IPv6 networking than UDP applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signalling analysis in integrated 4G networks
Authors: Chaouchi Hakima , Armuelles Ivan , Ganchev Ivan , O'Droma Máirtín , Kubinidze Nino 
Published: December 2005

AbstractScarce radio resources and the ambition to increase the number of mobile customers with a guarantee of service are pushing mobile communication systems from homogeneous non‐service convergent 2G and convergent‐service 2.5G and 3G wireless systems to heterogeneous integrated and convergent service 4G networks. This evolution has had several consequences from network design, control and service management points of view. In the emerging integrated 4G networks one of the issues is the signalling of information related to different control purposes such as QoS, mobility and security signalling. In fact, some questions such as which are the candidate signalling protocols, and which approach of integrated signalling to be adopted (unified versus non‐unified) need to be considered in the context of the emerging 4G integrated network. This is precisely the scope of this paper. We first identify the requirements related to mobility, security/AAA and QoS signalling, then we consider candidate signalling protocols and we propose possible approaches in the integration of signalling in the context of 4G networks. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomalous Diffusion in the Gaussian Core Model (GCM)‐Liquid
Authors: Mausbach P. , May H.‐O. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBy means of molecular dynamics simulation we investigate the diffusion behaviour of a fluid system interacting via a Gaussian core pair potential. We observe anomalous diffusion when the dimensionless density becomes larger than 0.35. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Modified Linear Sampling Method Valid for all Frequencies and an Application to the Inverse Inhomogeneous Medium Problem
Authors: Muniz Wagner 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider the inverse inhomogeneous medium scattering problem in acoustics where one tries to recover the support of anomalies in a medium by interrogating the region of interest with plane waves at fixed frequency. We discuss the validity of the Linear Sampling Method (LSM) for solving this inverse problem, and its connection to an unusual eigenvalue problem. It turns out that the existence of non‐trivial solutions of the so‐called interior transmission eigenvalue problem results in the failure of the LSM. We then propose a modification of the LSM that avoids these shortcomings and is numerically sound. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Monte Carlo method for the Broadwell model with relaxation
Authors: Seaïd Mohammed 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA Monte Carlo method is proposed for numerical solution of the Broadwell model. Developing a probabilistic interpretation of the equations, the transport and collision parts are treated separately in the method. Particles are advected according to their velocities and collisions are performed between randomly chosen particles. We numerically test the algorithm for a variety of examples. In particular we are interested in situations which generate structures that have nonsmooth fronts. Our simulations show that this Monte Carlo method is capable of capturing the nonlinear regime in presence of shocks and interactions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Memory‐efficient Implementation of Riccati Approach for Time‐Dependent Optimal Control Problems in ODEs
Authors: Sternberg Julia , Griewank Andreas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider a time‐dependent optimal control problem, where the state evolution is described by an ODE. There is a variety of methods for the treatment of such problems. We prefer to view them as boundary value problems and apply to them the Riccati approach for non‐linear BVPs with separated boundary conditions. There are many relationships between multiple shooting techniques, the Riccati approach and the Pantoja method, which describes a computationally efficient stage‐wise construction of the Newton direction for the discrete‐time optimal control problem. We present an efficient implementation of this approach. Furthermore, the well‐known checkpointing approach is extended to a ‘nested checkpointing’ for multiple transversals. Some heuristics are introduced for an efficient construction of nested reversal schedules. We discuss their benefits and compare their results to the optimal schedules computed by exhaustive search techniques. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spurious modes elimination for fractional differential equations
Authors: Trinks Carolin , Ruge Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the stability of fractional differential equations is addressed. A criterion for the identification of spurious modes is derived. Two techniques for the a posteriori elimination of the corresponding solution parts are presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis and characterization of surface topographies with the theory of Markov processes
Authors: Waechter Matthias , Peinke Joachim 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor the characterization of surface height profiles we present a new stochastic approach which is based on the theory of Markov processes. With this analysis we achieve a characterization of the complexity of the surface roughness by means of a Fokker‐Planck or Langevin equation, providing the complete stochastic information of multiscale joint probabilities. Furthermore, this approach allows the reconstruction of topographies with given stochastic properties. Estimations for the parameters of the Fokker‐Planck equation are based on pure, parameter free data analysis. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enclosing solutions of complex linear systems of equations iteratively
Authors: Arndt Hans‐Robert 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider the interval iteration [x ]k +1 = [A ][x ]k + [b ] in different interval arithmetics with the aim to enclose solutions of x = Ax +b in the case that A and b are only known to be contained in some given intervals. We give necessary and sufficient criteria for the convergence of the interval iteration for every initial interval vector [x ]0 to some [x ]* = [x ]*([x ]0) with respect to the considered interval arithmetic. Such a limit is a solution of the interval system [x ] = [A ][x ] + [b ].If we compare the interval arithmetics with respect to the behavior of [x ]k +1 = [A ][x ]k + [b ] we come to the conclusion, that the special choice of the arithmetic has a sensitive influence on the convergence of the sequence. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Zur Nullstellenverifikation bei Besselfunktionen erster Gattung
Authors: Hofschuster Werner 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGesucht werden verifizierte Einschließungen aller Nullstellen von Besselfunktionen erster Gattung in einem vorgegebenen Definitionsbereich. Durch Einsatz von bekannten Näherungsverfahren werden zunächst hochgenaue Intervalleinschließungen von “Verdachtsstellen” berechnet. Für jede dieser Verdachtsstellen wird die Existenz einer Nullstelle durch den Nachweis eines Vorzeichenwechsels gezeigt. Die Vollständigkeit aller berechneten Nullstellen kann mit Hilfe des Sturmschen Vergleichssatzes oder über den topologischen Abbildungsgrad gezeigt werden. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Quasivector Space of Zonotopes in the Plane
Authors: Markov Svetoslav 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this work we consider centred zonogons represented implicitly as Minkowski sums of centred segments. Using this representation the order relation inclusion (containment) of zonogons has been studied. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamic utility maximization with bounded shortfall risks
Authors: Gabih Abdelali , Wunderlich Ralf 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe address the dynamic portfolio optimization problem where the expected utility from terminal wealth has to be maximized. The special feature of this paper is an additional constraint on the portfolio strategy modeling bounded shortfall risks. We consider the risk, that the terminal wealth of the portfolio falls short of a certain benchmark. This benchmark is chosen to be proportional to the stock price. The risk is measured by the Expected Utility Loss.Using a continuous‐time model of a complete financial market and applying martingale methods, analytic expressions for the optimal terminal wealth and the optimal portfolio strategies are given. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stochastic optimisation: sensitivity and Delta Theorem
Authors: Lachout Petr 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe contribution investigates stability of a stochastic optimisation problem to a random perturbation. We work with bounded real functions under general setting. Stability is investigated by means of Delta Theorem. That is possible and convenient since the infimum mapping is Hadamard directionally differentiable. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Implementation of Optimal Feedback Control for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Balashevich Natalia 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA method of on‐line constructing an optimal feedback control for nonlinear systems with bang‐bang optimal control is suggested. The realization of the algorithm of constructing a closed‐loop solution is oriented on fast corrections of optimal open‐loop control subject to small variations of initial state. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)