bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers from tissue biopsies by chip‐based immunoaffinity CE
Authors: Phillips Terry M. , Wellner Edward F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTo aid in the biochemical analysis of human skin biopsies, a semiautomatic chip‐based CE system has been developed for measuring inflammatory biomarkers in microdissected areas of the biopsy. Following solubilization of the dissected tissue, the desired biomarkers were isolated by immunoaffinity capture using a panel of 12 antibodies, immobilized on a disposable glass fiber disk, within the extraction port of the chip. The captured analytes were labeled with a 635 nm light‐emitting laser dye and electroeluted into the separation channel. Electrophoretic separation of all of the analytes was achieved in 2.2 min with quantification of each peak being performed by online LIF detection and integration of each peak area. Comparison of the results obtained from the chip‐based system to those obtained using commercially available high‐sensitivity immunoassays demonstrated that the chip‐based assay provides a fast, accurate procedure for studying the concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in complex biological materials. The degree of accuracy and precision achieved by the chip‐based CE is comparable to conventional immunoassays and the system is capable of analyzing circa six samples per hour. With the ever‐expanding array of antibodies that are commercially available, this chip‐based system can be applied to a wide variety of different biomedical analyses.
HPV genotypes in CIN 2‐3 lesions and cervical cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Sigurdsson Kristjan , Taddeo Frank J. , Benediktsdottir Kristrun R. , Olafsdottir Kristrun , Sigvaldason Helgi , Oddsson Kristjan , Rafnar Thorunn 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) varies between countries and continents leading to different effectiveness of upcoming prophylactic HPV vaccines. This study analyses the HPV distribution in CIN 2‐3, recurrent CIN 2‐3 and cervical cancer in Iceland. About 80% of incident cases with CIN 2‐3 lesions in 1990 and 1999, 99% of cancer cases in 1990–1994 and 1999–2003, and cases with recurrent CIN 2‐3 after conization in 1990 were tested with PCR analysis for the presence of 12 oncogenic HPV types. About 95% of the CIN 2‐3 and 92% of the cancer cases tested positive for the included HPV types. HPV 16 was the most frequent type followed by HPV 33, 31, 52, 35, 18, 58, 56, 39, 45, 59 in CIN 2‐3 and by HPV 18, 33 45, 31, 39, 52, 35, 51, 56 in cancer. HPV 16 and 18 were associated with a significantly increased cancer risk and HPV 52 and 31 with decreased cancer risk compared to the risk of CIN 3. The HPV distribution differed between histological cancer types, stages and age groups. The number of HPV types was not a significant predictor of cancer. Oncogenic HPV types were found in all persistent or recurrent CIN 2‐3 disease after conization. Vaccination against HPV 16/18 is estimated to achieve a minimum 40% reduced rate of CIN 2‐3 and a minimum 60% reduced cancer rate. This rate could, however, be increased to 95% and 92% respectively by including all the 12 HPV types tested for in this study. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Presence of simian virus 40 DNA sequences in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas in Tunisia correlates with aberrant promoter hypermethylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes
Authors: Amara Khaled , Trimeche Mounir , Ziadi Sonia , Laatiri Adnene , Hachana Mohamed , Sriha Badreddine , Mokni Moncef , Korbi Sadok 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe simian virus SV40 (SV40), a potent DNA oncogenic polyomavirus, has been detected in several human tumors including lymphomas, mainly in diffuse large B‐cell type (DLBCL). However, a causative role for this virus has not been convincingly established. Hypermethylation in promoter regions is a frequent process of silencing tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in cancers, which may be induced by oncogenic viruses. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the presence of SV40 DNA sequences and the methylation status of 13 TSGs in 108 DLBCLs and 60 nontumoral samples from Tunisia. SV40 DNA presence was investigated by PCR assays targeting the large T‐antigen, the regulatory and the VP1 regions. Hypermethylation was carried out by methylation‐specific PCR. SV40 DNA was detected in 63/108 (56%) of DLBCL and in 4/60 (6%) of nontumoral samples. Hypermethylation frequencies for the tested TSGs were 74% for DAPK, 70% for CDH1, SHP1, and GSTP1, 58% for p16, 54% for APC, 50% for p14, 39% for p15, 19% for RB1, 15% for BLU, 3% for p53, and 0% for p300 and MGMT. No hypermethylation was observed in nontumoral samples. Hypermethylation of SHP1, DAPK, CDH1, GSTP1 and p16 genes were significantly higher in SV40‐positive than in SV40‐negative DLBCL samples (p values ranging from 0.0006 to <0.0001). Our findings showed a high prevalence of SV40 DNA in DLBCLs in Tunisia. The significant association of promoter hypermethylation of multiple TSGs with the presence of SV40 DNA in DLBCLs supports a functional effect of the virus in those lymphomas. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Misclassification of colorectal cancer stage and area variation in survival
Authors: Yu Xue Q. , O'Connell Dianne L. , Gibberd Robert W. , Abrahamowicz Michal , Armstrong Bruce K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe previously investigated the impact of health area of residence on colon and rectal cancer survival by estimating area‐specific relative excess risk of death (RER), stratified by stage at diagnosis. The aims of this study were to quantify errors in colorectal cancer stage obtained from an Australian population‐based cancer registry and assess the potential impact of errors in stage on these estimates. For a subset of cases, we compared the cancer registry stage with that from a survey of treating surgeons. We then randomly reallocated all cases to a simulated “corrected” stage according to the estimated misclassification probabilities and repeated the analysis of area variation stratified by simulated stage 1,000 times. We found 70% agreement between the Registry and Survey stage. This reallocation of the Registry cases by stage resulted in substantial variation in area‐specific RERs across the simulated samples. Area variation in survival for localized colon and localized rectal cancer, which were previously statistically significant when classified using Registry stage, appeared no longer to be so. Misclassification of cancer registry stage can have an important impact on estimates of spatial variation in stage‐specific colon and rectal cancer survival. If population‐based cancer registry data are to be effectively used in evaluating and improving cancer care, the quality of the stage data may need to be improved. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide‐induced DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations in primary lymphocytes, smoking, and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Xiong Ping , Hu Zhibin , Li Chunying , Wang Li‐E , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Sturgis Erich M. , Wei Qingyi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCigarette smoking is a major risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), but only a fraction of those exposed to cigarette smoke develops SCCHN, suggesting variation in individual susceptibility. Tobacco smoke contains a number of carcinogens that cause various kinds of damage to DNA. In this study, we simultaneously measured benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide‐induced DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations by the comet assay and the mutagen sensitivity assay, respectively, in cultured primary lymphocytes from newly recruited 123 patients with SCCHN and 136 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Using the control median as the cut‐off, the elevated risk of SCCHN was 2.35 (95% CI, 1.37–4.03), 2.28 (95% CI, 1.34–3.98) and 3.25 (95% CI, 1.85–5.07) for high levels of tail extension, tail length and oliver tail moment of the comet assay, respectively, and 1.75 (95% CI, 1.04–2.94) for high levels of chromosomal aberrations of the mutagen sensitivity assay. The effects of these 2 types of measurements were additive; subjects with high levels of both DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations had a 4.77‐fold increased risk (95% CI, 2.73–8.36) of SCCHN. Cigarette smoking further elevated this risk to more than 20‐fold (OR 23.6; 95% CI, 8.92–62.3). These data support our previous finding that suboptimal repair contributed to susceptibility to SCCHN and the new data further suggests a possible gene‐environment interaction that may play an important role in the etiology of SCCHN. Further validation studies are warranted. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding the Chinese stock market
Authors: Guo Cheng , Liangyuan Yu , Changwen Ke 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStock markets are often seen as economic barometers. But until recently, the Chinese stock market hasn't reflected the growth of the Chinese economy. Why was this so? The answer lies in the peculiarities of the Chinese stock market, say the authors. And they explain what foreign investors need to know. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why global companies need global back‐office services
Authors: Iijima Timothy 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA global company needs thoroughly global infrastructure services, argues the author of this article. He's talking about the “back office,” unseen services that support the company's delivery of products and services.In taking a new look at those vital services, a global company must ask two key questions. First, can its internal services better support a centralized or decentralized corporate structure? And second, how much should internal services be outsourced? © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A guide to international transfer pricing
Authors: Anandarajan Asokan , McGhee Mitch , Curatola Anthony P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMore than 70 percent of global trading transactions are between companies of multinational corporations. But local tax authorities fear they may lose tax revenues, as a result of global trading and the artificial manipulation of transfer prices. So the United States, Japan, and the European Union have introduced stringent transfer pricing legislation. Companies that violate them face costly sanctions!How can companies cope with these tough laws? The authors of this article give valuable guidance. They explain the different types of transfer pricing strategies, provide guidelines, and expose possible pitfalls for companies dealing in this complex area. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calcium‐induced quiescence of sperm motility in the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
Authors: Zuccarelli Micah D. , Ingermann Rolf L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBefore dilution in hypoosmotic media sperm of freshwater fish are maintained quiescent by a range of factors including osmolality, K+ and pH, and the onset of motility is generally associated with an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+. In contrast, Ca2+ in conjunction with osmolality was found to inhibit motility of intact bluegill sperm. Consistent with seminal plasma composition, 0.16 mmol/L Ca2+ and greater, in conjunction with an osmotic concentration of 290 mOsm/kg, inhibited the onset of bluegill sperm motility; sperm diluted in saline at 290 mOsm/kg without Ca2+ became motile. Cations Mn2+ and Sr2+, in conjunction with osmolality, had an inhibitory effect on initiation of sperm motility similar to that of Ca2+. Sperm motility was inhibited by Ca2+ channel blockers nimodipine and nifedipine, the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter inhibitor ruthenium red and the calmodulin inhibitors W‐7 and trifluoperazine dihydrochloride. These results provide evidence that elevated cytoplasmic Ca2+ inhibits sperm motility and yet low levels permit or promote motility. This study demonstrates a unique inhibitory action of Ca2+ on the motility of intact fish sperm at physiologically relevant levels. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:590–599, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A developmental staging series for the lizard genus Anolis: A new system for the integration of evolution, development, and ecology
Authors: Sanger Thomas J. , Losos Jonathan B. , Gibson‐Brown Jeremy J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractVertebrate developmental biologists typically rely on a limited number of model organisms to understand the evolutionary bases of morphological change. Unfortunately, a typical model system for squamates (lizards and snakes) has not yet been developed leaving many fundamental questions about morphological evolution unaddressed. New model systems would ideally include clades, rather than single species, that are amenable to both laboratory studies of development and field‐based analyses of ecology and evolution. Combining an understanding of development with an understanding of ecology and evolution within and between closely related species has the potential to create a seamless understanding of how genetic variation underlies ecologically and evolutionarily relevant variation within populations and between species. Here we briefly introduce a new model system for the integration of development, evolution, and ecology, the lizard genus Anolis, a diverse group of lizards whose ecology and evolution is well understood, and whose genome has recently been sequenced. We present a developmental staging series for Anolis lizards that can act as a baseline for later comparative and experimental studies within this genus. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of gamma irradiation on osteoinduction associated with demineralized bone matrix
Authors: Han Bo , Yang Zhi , Nimni Marcel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGamma irradiation is frequently used to sterilize implanted devices but has limitations when used on biologically active materials and composites. In this study, we have evaluated the changes of biological activity of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in the dry state and in the presence of aqueous and non‐aqueous carriers while exposed to various levels of ionizing radiation. The activity of DBM in the dry state remains relatively stable with only a small loss of activity. Composites of DBM with a carrier such as lecithin, to which no water has been added, lose activity at approximately the same rate as DBM in the anhydrous form. In composites that contain water, the loss of activity occurs even at much lower levels of radiation exposure. Gamma irradiation does not change cell attachment to the DBM matrix but has an influence on both stem cell and osteoprecursor cell proliferation rates. Because of the limitations imposed by radiation, it seems most practical to handle DBM aseptically throughout the procedures of compositing pastes, putties, or suspensions, and only if necessary exposing the inert excipients to radiation sterilization prior to mixing. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:75–82, 2008
Fallow management practices in Guatemala's Western Highlands: social drivers and biophysical impacts
Authors: Wittman H. K. , Johnson M. S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLand pressures and environmental degradation are driving forces behind shortened fallow periods in the tropics, often resulting in reduced crop yields and increased migration from rural areas. This paper describes contemporary fallow practices in the Western Highlands of Guatemala based on interdisciplinary data collected using participatory rural appraisal and qualitative research methods in combination with a quantitative evaluation of the impacts of fallow management decisions on soil fertility. Case studies of two communities in San Marcos department illustrate contemporary and traditional land use practices. Currently, over 70 per cent of families engage in a variety of fallow management practices, with combined cropping‐fallow cycles within a field averaging 3–6 years. Despite the reduction in length of fallow cycles, new fallow practices in the study area appear to improve some aspects of soil fertility while also providing fodder and fuelwood. Calcium and magnesium concentrations in fallow soil were twice that of cropped plots, indicating that weathering reactions and atmospheric deposition during fallow periods are able to restore base cation fertility that is taken up by potato crops during cropping cycles. Soil in cropped plots, however, showed 25 per cent higher soil organic matter and five times higher nitrate concentrations than soil in fallow plots, which resulted from additions of compost and inorganic fertilizer to cropped plots. Nevertheless, the 13C/12C isotopic ratio of soil organic carbon indicated that as soil organic matter content decreases in cropped plots, the remaining carbon is increasingly degraded. Potential improvements in fallow management practices proposed by farmers and researchers are also presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long lasting pure freezing of gait preceding progressive supranuclear palsy: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Compta Yaroslau , Valldeoriola Francesc , Tolosa Eduardo , Rey María Jesús , Martí María José , Valls‐Solé Josep 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPrimary progressive freezing of gait (PPFG) is the term used to designate an uncommon condition featuring freezing of gait with frequent falls, without bradykinesia, rigidity or tremor, and unresponsive to levodopa. There are very few pathological reports of patients with PPFG in the literature. We report on 2 patients (one with pathological confirmation) diagnosed initially as PPFG and evolving into clinically defined progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) more than 10 years after onset of symptoms. These 2 cases suggest that PPFG can represent the initial manifestation of a neurodegenerative disease, such as PSP, rather than a differentiated nosological entity. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Disodium cromoglycate protects dystrophin‐deficient muscle fibers from leakiness
Authors: Marques Maria Julia , Machado Rafael Ventura , Minatel Elaine , Neto Humberto Santo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn dystrophin‐deficient fibers of mdx mice and in Duchenne dystrophy, the lack of dystrophin leads to sarcolemma breakdown and muscle degeneration. We verified that cromolyn, a mast‐cell stabilizer agent, stabilized dystrophic muscle fibers using Evans blue dye as a marker of sarcolemma leakiness. Mdx mice (n = 8; 14 days of age) received daily intraperitoneal injections of cromolyn (50 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days. Untreated mdx mice (n = 8) were injected with saline. Cryostat cross‐sections of the sternomastoid, tibialis anterior, and diaphragm muscles were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Cromolyn dramatically reduced Evans blue dye–positive fibers in all muscles (P < 0.05; Student's t‐test) and led to a significant increase in the percentage of fibers with peripheral nuclei. This study supports the protective effects of cromolyn in dystrophic muscles and further indicates its action against muscle fiber leakiness in muscles that are differently affected by the lack of dystrophin. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Altered distribution of interstitial cells in the guinea pig bladder following bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Kubota Yasue , Hashitani Hikaru , Shirasawa Nobuyuki , Kojima Yoshiyuki , Sasaki Shoichi , Mabuchi Yoshio , Soji Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Hikaru , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAimsWe investigated the effects of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) on the distribution of interstitial cells (ICs) in the guinea‐pig bladder.MethodsBladder overactivity of BOO animals was validated with urodynamic studies. Immunohistochemical analyses for Kit and vimentin as markers for ICs were performed on both BOO and control bladders. Morphological and functional properties of detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) were examined with α‐smooth muscle actin staining and intracellular recording, respectively. Electron microscopy was also carried out to characterize ultrastructural morphology of ICs.ResultsTwo weeks after surgery, BOO animals showed an increased voiding frequency and a reduced voiding volume. Filling cystometry demonstrated a frequent incidence of non‐voiding contractions, a reduced interval between voiding contractions and an increased voiding pressure in BOO bladders. In BOO bladders, the thickness of suburothelial and subserosal connective tissue layers was increased, whilst that of detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) layer was less affected. Population of Kit or vimentin immunoreactive ICs was increased in subserosal layers, and their distribution was altered in suburotherial layer in BOO bladders. Neither α‐actin immunoreactivity nor spontaneous electrical activity of DSM was altered in BOO bladders. ICs were characterized by their numerous mitochondria and caveolae, and had a close contact with each other and with neighboring DSM or nerves.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated the increased population of ICs in the BOO guinea‐pig model for the first time, and suggest that the altered distribution of ICs may contribute to the pathophysiology of bladder overactivity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:330–340, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the patient's position influence the detection of detrusor overactivity?
Authors: Al‐Hayek Samih , Belal Mohammed , Abrams Paul 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAimsThe demonstration of preoperative detrusor overactivity (DO) with associated overactive bladder symptoms (OAB) is known to have an adverse effect on surgery performed for stress incontinence or for prostatic obstruction. The purpose of this review is to examine the best position, when filling the bladder during urodynamics, to demonstrate detrusor overactivity and reproduce the OAB symptoms, when the demonstration of DO might be important.Materials and MethodsMEDLINE and PUBMED literature searches were performed, spanning the period from 1956 to August 2005 using the keywords “detrusor overactivity” or “detrusor instability” combined with “posture or position or standing or sitting” and “urodynamics.” Other studies were identified by reviewing secondary references in the original citations.ResultsSixteen studies looked at the effect of position on the detection rate of DO. There is good consistency between the studies analyzed. All but two [Ramsden et al., Br J Urol 49:633–9, 1977; Choe et al., J Urol 161:1541–4, 1999] showed a clear effect, with an increase in DO when the patient is filled in the vertical position or is asked to sit or stand, with a full bladder, after being filled supine. Performing the urodynamics (UDS) in the supine position would have missed a large proportion of DO diagnoses ranging from 33% to 100%.ConclusionsThis review confirms that the patient's position is a significant variable during urodynamics and that supine cystometry will fail to detect a significant percentage of patients with DO. We suggest that all patients should be filled sitting or standing, unless physically disabled. It seems desirable for the International Continence Society (ICS) to extend its “Good urodynamic practice guideline” [Schafer et al., Neurourol Urodyn 21:261–74, 2002] to cover this important issue. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:279–286, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.