bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Host Cell Proteome by the Intracellular Apicomplexan ParasiteToxoplasma gondii
Authors: Nelson M. M. , Jones A. R. , Carmen J. C. , Sinai A. P. , Burchmore R. , Wastling J. M. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTTo investigate how intracellular parasites manipulate their host cell environment at the molecular level, we undertook a quantitative proteomic study of cells following infection with the apicomplexan parasiteToxoplasma gondii. Using conventional two-dimensional electrophoresis, difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE), and mass spectrometry, we identified host proteins that were consistently modulated in expression following infection. We detected modification of protein expression in key metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, lipid and sterol metabolism, mitosis, apoptosis, and structural-protein expression, suggestive of global reprogramming of cell metabolism by the parasite. Many of the differentially expressed proteins had not been previously implicated in the response to the parasite, while others provide important corroborative protein evidence for previously proposed hypotheses of pathogen-cell interactions. Significantly, over one-third of all modulated proteins were mitochondrial, and this was further investigated by DIGE analysis of a mitochondrion-enriched preparation from infected cells. Comparison of our proteomic data with previous transcriptional studies suggested that a complex relationship exits between transcription and protein expression that may be partly explained by posttranslational modifications of proteins and revealed the importance of investigating protein changes when interpreting transcriptional data. To investigate this further, we used phosphatase treatment and DIGE to demonstrate changes in the phosphorylation states of several key proteins following infection. Overall, our findings indicate that the host cell proteome responds in a dramatic way toT. gondiiinvasion, in terms of both protein expression changes and protein modifications, and reveal a complex and intimate molecular relationship between host and parasite.
NonpathogenicEscherichia coliStrain Nissle 1917 Inhibits Signal Transduction in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kamada Nobuhiko , Maeda Kenichi , Inoue Nagamu , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Okamoto Susumu , Hong Kyong Su , Yamada Takaya , Watanabe Noriaki , Tsuchimoto Kanji , Ogata Haruhiko , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTAlthough the probioticEscherichia colistrain Nissle 1917 has been used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, the precise mechanisms of action of this strain remain unclear. In the present study, we estimated the anti-inflammatory effect ofE.coliNissle 1917 on inflammatory responses in vitro to determine the suppressive mechanism of Nissle 1917 on the inflammatory process. To determine the effect ofE.coliNissle 1917, the human colonic epithelial cell line HCT15 was incubated with or withoutE.coliNissle 1917 or another nonpathogenicE.colistrain, K-12, and then tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) production from HCT15 cells was assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and real-time quantitative PCR showed that Nissle 1917 treatment suppressed TNF-α-induced IL-8 transcription and production. In addition, results from luciferase assays indicated that Nissle 1917 inhibited IL-8 promoter activity. On the other hand, these anti-inflammatory effects were not seen withE.coliK-12. In addition, heat-killed Nissle 1917 or its genomic DNA did not have this anti-inflammatory effect. Surprisingly, Nissle 1917 did not affect IL-8 transactivation pathways, such as NF-κB activation, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding, or even activation of other transcriptional factors. Furthermore, it also became evident that Nissle 1917 induced the anti-inflammatory effect without contact to epithelial cells. In conclusion, these data indicate that the nonpathogenicE.colistrain Nissle 1917 expresses a direct anti-inflammatory activity on human epithelial cells via a secreted factor which suppresses TNF-α-induced IL-8 transactivation through mechanisms different from NF-κB inhibition.
Eroticism, Death and Redemption: The Operatic Construct of the Biblical Femme Fatale
Authors: McGrail Peter 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article explores the themes of eroticism, death and redemption as seen in the world of opera, through a particular lens. This lens is the construct of the femme fatale as drawn from the particular world of the Bible. This construct is of course largely the product of the composer's and/or librettist's own social, religious, political and philosophical world view; where the origin of the construct is a biblical narrative, a high degree of elaboration is always required, since the psychology and motivation of women in the Bible is particularly under-developed. The article first surveys the terrain—surprisingly limited to six chief operas, which together treat only four biblical subjects. The first of the operas, Verdi's early work Nabucco, is analysed in terms of the depiction of its—totally invented—femme fatale, a fictitious daughter Abigaille given to King Nebuccadnezzar. The development of the concept of femme fatale is then traced until it reaches its apotheiosis with the extraordinary character of Kundry, in Wagner's Parsifal. She is then used as the vehicle to explore the themes in depth.
'The Bosom of Abraham' (Luke 16:22): Father Abraham in the Visual Imagination
Authors: O'Kane Martin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe phrase 'in the bosom of Abraham' occurs just once in the Bible (Lk. 16:22) and yet has become one of the most powerful and intriguing visual metaphors in the entire repertoire of Christian iconography. As the focal point of the parable of Dives and Lazarus, it suggests a haven of protection and security to which all the (male) characters in the story aspire. The Greek term κóλπoς, 'bosom,' is an ambiguous term that can be applied as much to a female figure as a male and indeed Abraham is often represented as if he were 'mother of all nations' rather than, or as well as, father. The iconography associated with the image of Abraham's bosom is both extensive and complex, especially during the period of the Middle Ages, but in this article, I select a range of representative examples to illustrate how artists and iconographers appealed to other biblical texts to help illuminate the meaning and significance of the phrase in Luke: in particular, the sacrifice of Isaac in Genesis 22; the infancy narrative of Luke including the presentation in the temple (Luke 1-2), and the woman who gives birth in Revelation 12. In interpreting the image, artists frequently followed the direction of the exegetes and Church Fathers but this does not seem always to have been the case, especially when it came to harmonizing the contrasting images of Abraham as sacrificial father of Isaac and protective father of Lazarus. Contrary to many biblical commentators, the iconographical tradition largely ignores any suggestion that the bosom of Abraham signifies Lazarus reclining at a heavenly banquet next to Abraham, preferring instead to concentrate on the challenges posed in conveying the somewhat incongruous notion of Abraham, the most venerated of patriarchs, holding a naked and vulnerable child in his bosom.
Re-visioning a Biblical Story through Libretto and Music: Debora e Jaele by Ildebrando Pizzetti
Authors: Leneman Helen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBoth music and librettos are a form of midrash (creative re-telling), because they retell all or part of a story by creating a particular mood or feeling musically. The re-telling is in both the altered text and in the language of music. Ildebrando Pizzetti (1880-1968) wrote both the libretto and music of Debora e Jaele from 1917-1921. In this libretto, motivations are completely reversed. Characters perceived in the biblical account as "good" and "bad" seem to be switched. Our previous presumptions about the story and its characters are challenged: the belief that Sisera is evil and powerful, and has no positive qualities; that Deborah and Jael never met; and that Jael and Sisera had had no prior encounters. The libretto and the music succeed in depicting three-dimensional characters with conflicting motives and feelings. The addition of dimensions to the characters amplifies the moral ambiguities found in the original narrative. Sisera becomes a dominant and central character of this opera. Pizzetti is offering a counter-reading, in which the "villain" becomes a kind of hero and the listener can understand why Jael succumbs to his charms. A recurrent theme in this work is the testing of and by God. The viewpoints of Jael and Deborah depict what Pizzetti described as "human" justice (Jael) and "divine" justice (Deborah). An encounter with this opera will alter forever our reading of this biblical story.
Oratorio as Exegesis: The Use of the Book of Isaiah in Handel's Messiah
Authors: Davies Andrew 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHandel's Messiah is among the best-known musical compositions of all time, and it is also heavily dependent upon the Bible for its theme and content, thus making it an ideal source for a study of the Bible in music. In this paper I consider how Handel and his librettist Charles Jennens made use of the text of the book of Isaiah (the single most quoted biblical book in the libretto) in both the words and the music of this great oratorio, offering en route some observations on the features of a musical text that need to be taken into account in 'reading' it in this way.
Noah's Ark and Mrs. Monkey
Authors: Landy Francis 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe article traces the interpretation of the flood story in children's literature, from the apparently literal versions, in which imaginative reinterpretation is transferred to the illustrations, to the non-verbal crowded scenes of Peter Spier, the Midrashic retellings of Scholem Asch and Marc Gellman, feminist readings, like those of Bach and Exum, Madeleine L'Engle's teen novel, and versions which stress the annihilatory implications, including Janisch and Zwerger's Noah's Ark. It concludes with a discussion of Ruth Kerr's How Mrs. Monkey Missed the Ark, in which the canonical text is virtually eliminated, and only appears through the cracks.
Influence of components of Globodera rostochiensis cysts on the in vitro hatch of second-stage juveniles
Authors: Pridannikov Mikhail V. , Petelina Galina G. , Palchuk Marina V. , Masler Edward P. , Dzhavakhiya Vitaly G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe effects of cyst components of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, on in vitro hatching of juveniles were evaluated. Aqueous homogenates of eggs and cyst walls, and aqueous rinses of cyst walls and eggs were examined. Homogenates of cyst walls or rinsates of either cyst walls or eggs each significantly increased hatch of juveniles five-fold compared with sterile distilled water controls. Cyst or egg homogenates induced significant increases (7.7-9.0-fold) in hatch of juveniles compared with controls. These values represent approximately 24.8-29.0% of the 31-fold induction of hatch of juveniles by potato root diffusate, routinely used to stimulate hatch in G. rostochiensis. The hatch inducing factor(s) in cyst homogenates was thermostable and retained activity after repeated freezing and thawing. Filter fractionation of cyst homogenate localised activity between molecular mass 0.5 kDa and 5 kDa, with no hatch inducing activity present above 5 kDa. Apparent depression of hatch induction at high concentrations of non-fractionated cyst homogenates suggests the presence of hatch inhibitors.
Description of Paralongidorus dakarensis sp. n. with notes on P. bullatus Sharma & Siddiqi, 1990 from Senegal (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)
Authors: Faye Mamecor , Mounport Danamou 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDuring a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in the central regions of Senegal, a new species of Paralongidorus and seven populations of P. bullatus were collected. Paralongidorus dakarensis sp. n. is characterised by its small body size of 2.2-3.6 mm, hemispherical lip region, demarcated from body by a depression, funnel-shaped amphidial fovea and dorsally convex-conoid tail with a broadly rounded terminus. Paralongidorus dakarensis sp. n. closely resembles P. microlaimus and P. oryzae but differs from the former by shorter stylet (113-126 vs 125-136 μm), smaller c ratio (60-85 vs 85-150) and longer tail (35-49 vs 24-32 μm), and from the latter by longer stylet (113-126 vs 92 μm) and longer tail (35-49 vs 30 μm). Paralongidorus bullatus females from seven localities were measured and compared with the type population from Niger. Senegalese specimens were in general less slender and in some cases shorter or longer than those of the type population. Specimens originating from Tambacounda had a dorsally convex-conoid tail lacking the ventral curvature as described for the type population.
Influence of the mutualistic endophyte Fusarium oxysporum 162 on Meloidogyne incognita attraction and invasion
Authors: Dababat Abd El-Fattah A. , Sikora Richard A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The non-pathogenic endophytic Fusarium oxysporum strain 162 (FO162) has been
selected for its capacity to reduce root-knot nematode galling on tomato.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of this
fungus on invasion of tomato roots by Meloidogyne incognita. The number of
M. incognita that invaded roots of plants treated with FO162 was
significantly lower (reductions of 36.0-55.9%) than in the non-treated
controls in linked twin-pot chambers. The results demonstrated that
colonisation of the roots by FO162 affects the number of M. incognita that
penetrate the roots. The results of a choice test in the absence of a plant
indicated that the tomato root exudates collected from plants colonised by
FO162 are either less attractive or they exude substances that have
repellent activity toward M. incognita juveniles.
The role of pore size on the migration of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles under different tillage systems
Authors: Eo Jinu , Nakamoto Tomomi , Otobe Kazunori , Mizukubo Takayuki 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Migration of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles was investigated in soils
collected from fields under different tillage regimes. Over 7 days, juvenile
migration speed was greater in tilled soil (bulk density, 0.64 g cm−3) than
in non-tilled soil (0.86 g cm−3). The volume of pores with diam. > 100 μm
was greater in tilled soil than in non-tilled soil. The effect of bulk
density on juvenile migration was investigated using columns filled with
soils of six bulk densities (range, 0.60-0.85 g cm−3). As bulk density
decreased, migration increased, and soil with a lower bulk density had
greater volume of pores with diam. > 30 μm. The migration speed and
behaviour of nematodes under saturated conditions were investigated using
two micromoulded substrates that had pore spaces measuring 40-100 or 60-160
μm. As pore size increased from 40 to 160 μm, the migration speed decreased.
The migration speed along a straight line ranged from 8.4 to 70.2 μm s−1 on
these substrates. Migration speed was not constant across a pathway composed
of different pore spaces, and the speed was affected greatly by the
increased detection behaviour required in the broader space. Our
experimental findings suggest that considerable nematode migration can occur
in soil through pores with diam. 30-100 μm and > 100 μm. Therefore,
conventional tillage may enhance the migration and reinfestation of crops by
M. incognita.
Occurrence and importance of plant-parasitic nematodes in organic farming in Germany
Authors: Hallmann Johannes , Frankenberg Andrea , Paffrath Andreas , Schmidt Harald 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
In an attempt to evaluate the occurrence and economic importance of
plant-parasitic nematodes in organic farming in Germany, a survey was
conducted with the main emphasis on vegetable and cereal production systems.
For vegetables, the survey included quantification and identification of
plant-parasitic nematodes in soil samples and a questionnaire for growers
querying production factors and damage levels. For cereals, the survey
focused on quantification and identification of plant-parasitic nematodes in
soil and plant samples. Overall, Pratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus were the
most prominent nematode genera under both production systems with an
incidence of over 90% of the samples. Meloidogyne was detected in 51% of the
samples in both systems. Other nematode genera showed differences between
the two production systems. In production systems with a high frequency of
vegetables, Paratylenchus was detected in 56% of the samples and Heterodera
in 15%, whereas in rotations with a high cropping frequency of cereals,
incidences of plant-parasitic nematodes were 56% for Heterodera, 47% for
Trichodorus and 45% for Paratylenchus. Yield losses could exceed 50% on
carrots, onions and cereals and were most pronounced on sandy soils. In many
cases, nematode problems started 5 to 10 years after conversion to organic
farming. The survey indicated that plant-parasitic nematodes are widely
spread in organic farming in Germany and can cause severe damage which may
result in complete loss of the crop.
"Pamilla Silver Cloth" and Technological Unemployment
Authors: Jones Grinnell 
Published: October 2007

Reading of that part of Dr. Jones' paper relating to the development of a new textile product, impells the query as to whether there may not be other known facts and principles, now invisible to practical textile men because they are too close to their daily jobs, that may become the basis of additional new textile finishes or products? Dr. Jones is professor of chemistry at Harvard University. The subject of this paper, which he presented recently before the Northeastern Section of the American Chemical Society, was "The Chemist's Answer to Technological Unemployment," and the author has kindly permitted abstracting of the economic portion.
Mechanics of Elastic Performance of Textile Materials
Authors: Paintert E.V. 
Published: October 2007

Graphs have been developed to simplify the study of fabric geometry. A simultaneous plot of the mathematical relations developed by Peirce aids in visualizing dimensional changes in fabrics and gives accurate values of the various parameters without lengthy calculations and interpolations from tables. The use of the graphs is discussed as they apply to various types of weaves, fibers, and their dimensional changes.
Effect of Mechanical Processing Variables in Drawing on Sliver Irregularity
Authors: Balasubramanian N. , Bhatnagar V.K. 
Published: October 2007

The present work examines the influence of draft distribution at the drawframe upon sliver irregularity under varying conditions of drawframe processing. The investigations were made at the first and second passage of drawing in carded mixings and at post-combed drawings in combed mixings, on slow-speed drawframes with Shirley draft distribution and high-speed Whitin drawframes. Eccentricity of top roller is shown to be one of the causes of slippage and sliver irregularity in slow-speed drawframes. Increasing the top roller loading is helpful in overcoming to some extent the deterioration in irregularity caused by an eccentric top roller. Roller slip at the front position caused by eccentricity in the roller has the most detrimental effects on sliver irregularity. Use of lower break draft under these conditions increases the sliver irregularity considerably. Eccentricity in the top roller in the second and third position causes more slippage, but the effect on irregularity of sliver is only marginal. Reduction of break draft increases slippage of front, second, and third top rollers even when they are true, but it does not affect sliver irregularity. The optimum roller setting at the front zone in conventional and high-speed drawframes depends upon the break draft and lies at a higher level at lower break draft. Thus, at close front zone setting, higher break draft gives a more regular sliver, while at wide setting, lower-break draft gives better results. The sliver irregularity at the optimum setting is, however, not much affected by the break draft.
Binding of (1:1)-Metal-Complex Dyes to Proteins, Studied by the Monolayer Method
Authors: Giles Charles H. , Macewan Thomas H. , Mciver Norman 
Published: October 2007

The reactions of monolayers of model proteins (edestin and a wool derivative) on acid solutions of a number of 1:1-chromium-ligand dyes, of both monosulphonated and disulphonated types, and certain nonmetallized sulphonated dyes of similar structure, have been studied. Measurements of film area, pressure, compressibility, and viscosity have been made. All sulphonate groups appear to enter the water. Thus monosulphonated dye molecules penetrate between the protein chains, reducing the film viscosity, whereas disulphonates orient horizontally beneath the protein. A free —OH group present in the dye molecule causes it to bind more firmly to the protein, with increase in film viscosity and in surface compressional modulus (scm). All the dyes appear to act just as do the nonmetallized counterparts: film areas are increased; monosulphonates form mixed films and reduce both viscosity and scm of the film; disulphonates produce no change in viscosity or slope of the π/A curve but slightly increase the scm; the pressure-area changes are reversible. The viscosity of the protein film over a simple chromium salt solution alone, however, is very greatly increased. Evidence is obtained that reactions of the present protein films with dyes can reasonably be used to interpret dye-wool bonding reactions. There is no evidence from the present tests that the chromium atom in the dye molecule forms any bond with the protein. The good wash fastness which these dyes in wool have in technical practice must, therefore, be due solely to their high molecular weight and to mechanical effects of the structure of the fiber.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Drying Characteristics of Modular Carpet Tiles
Authors: Francis Nicholas D. , Wepfer William J. 
Published: October 2007

Various backing materials developed for modular carpet tiles can be heat sensitive and may be damaged if exposed to high temperatures for prolonged periods. This paper presents a model to predict the drying characteristics of carpet tiles for a batch drying process. Drying characteristics are also determined experimentally in a controlled laboratory environment. The analytical framework consists of a three-layer lumped parameter configuration to calculate temperature and moisture profiles. The capillary movement of liquid water is not explicitly calculated in the model, but a sufficient amount of moisture in the solid is assumed to be available to maintain a constant rate drying period. The three-layer model comprises a moist top fiber layer, a middle layer also containing moisture, and a backing layer. To estimate the falling rate drying period, the middle layer is incorporated into the model. In the mathematical model, the top layer is initially saturated with water, but then dries out, providing greater resistance to mass transfer. Governing equations are obtained from mass and energy balances as well as relevant rate equations. A lumped parameter approach is applied to each layer. The energy balance for each layer provides a first-order ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients. A numerical routine is constructed to solve the governing equations.