bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramyocellular lipid quantification from 1H long echo time spectra at 1.5 and 3 T by means of the LCModel technique
Authors: Škoch Antonín , Jírů Filip , Dezortová Monika , Krušinová Eva , Kratochvílová Simona , Pelikánová Terezie , Grodd Wolfgang , Hájek Milan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurposeTo introduce a method of independent determination of CH2 and CH3 components of intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs) by using long TE for spectra measurement and LCModel for spectra evaluation, to test this technique in controls and insulin‐resistant subjects, and to compare results at 1.5 and 3 T.Materials and MethodsEight healthy volunteers and 11 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent measurement using a 1.5‐T MR scanner; six healthy volunteers were measured using a 3‐T MR scanner. Spectra from the tibialis anterior muscle were acquired by using a point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with the following parameters: TR/TE/ACQ = 2000 msec/270 msec/256. Spectra were processed by LCModel 6.1 software with two types of adopted basis‐set.ResultsSpectra with good separation of both CH2 and CH3 components of IMCL and extramyocellular lipids (EMCLs) were obtained and the LCModel routine was successfully applied. The reproducibility comparison (N= 7 at 1.5 T vs. N = 5 at 3 T) showed that better results can be obtained at higher B0 values. The comparison of the healthy and insulin‐resistant subjects proved that both IMCL_CH2/Cr and IMCL_CH3/Cr ratios significantly differ.ConclusionLong TE spectroscopy of the human muscle with IMCL quantification using the LCModel technique can detect changes in IMCL levels as well as help in the study of fatty acyl chain composition. Using a higher field strength increased the intra‐individual reproducibility by approximately 150% J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serotonergic modulation of persistent sodium currents and membrane excitability via cyclic AMP‐protein kinase A cascade in mesencephalic V neurons
Authors: Tanaka Susumu , Chandler Scott H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn rat mesencephalic trigeminal (Mes V) neurons, persistent sodium currents in conjunction with low‐threshold potassium currents are critical for generation of subthreshold membrane oscillations and onset of burst behavior. Here we demonstrate that the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway modulates persistent sodium currents. In particular, we show that elevation of cAMP suppresses a low‐threshold INaP via a PKA intracellular pathway. Bath application of forskolin (20 μM), a stimulant for the production of cAMP, reduced the peak INaP. 1,9‐Dideoxy‐forskolin (20 μM), an inactive form of forskolin, produced minimal effects on INaP, and the membrane‐permeable cAMP analogue 8‐bromo‐cAMP (500 μM) mimicked the effect of forskolin. Additionally, preapplication of H89 (2 μM), a specific PKA inhibitor, suppressed the effect of forskolin, suggesting the involvement of the cAMP/PKA intracellular signaling pathway in this modulation. 5‐HT receptor stimulation (20 μM) also mimicked the modulation of INaP by forskolin via the cAMP/PKA‐dependent signaling pathway. Current clamp analysis demonstrated that voltage‐dependent membrane resonance in response to a ZAP input current at depolarized holding potentials (approximately –50 mV) was specifically suppressed by forskolin or 5‐HT. Moreover, drug application enhanced frequency adaptation in response to a 1‐sec current pulse. These results indicate that modulation of persistent sodium currents by a cAMP/PKA pathway can significantly alter the membrane excitability and discharge characteristics of Mes V neurons. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the Structure of Cellulose in LiCl/DMAc Solution and Its Gelation Behavior by Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering Measurements
Authors: Ishii Daisuke , Tatsumi Daisuke , Matsumoto Takayoshi , Murata Kazuki , Hayashi Hisao , Yoshitani Hiroshi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSummary: Cellulose gels were prepared from cellulose in lithium chloride/N,N‐dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) solution. When the cellulose concentration in the solution is above the one at which cellulose molecules overlap, cellulose gels were formed. While the gel prepared by the addition of water was turbid, the one prepared by the ion exchange was colorless, transparent, and optically anisotropic. In order to explain this gelation behavior of cellulose, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of the cellulose solutions and the gels were performed. The SAXS profiles of the cellulose solutions and the gels suggested that the large‐scale fluctuation of the molecular chain density in the solution can be the origin of the molecular aggregates formed in the gel. Furthermore, the differences in the structure of the gels at the macroscopic and the molecular level were discussed in terms of the phase separation and the molecular association.Polarized optical photograph of the cellulose gels.imagePolarized optical photograph of the cellulose gels.
Poly(ether imide) Membranes Modified with Poly(ethylene imine) as Potential Carriers for Epidermal Substitutes
Authors: Trimpert Christiane , Boese Gregor , Albrecht Wolfgang , Richau Klaus , Weigel Thomas , Lendlein Andreas , Groth Thomas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSummary: Poly(ether imide) (PEI) membranes were modified with a linear low‐molecular weight (PETIM_0.6) and a branched high‐molecular weight poly(ethylene imine) (PETIM_60). The membrane surfaces became more hydrophilic and the zeta potentials were shifted from negative to positive zeta values after immobilisation of both PETIM. These measurements also indicated the presence of a swollen surface layer in the case of PETIM_60, while a regular structuring of the surface was observed with scanning force microscopy for PETIM_0.6. A human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was cultured on the different membranes. It was found that HaCaT cell growth was stimulated by PETIM_0.6. Cells reached earlier confluence on this substratum, while their growth was inhibited on a PEI membrane modified with PETIM_60, which makes PEI membranes modified with PETIM_0.6 a promising material for in vitro culture of epidermal transplants.Keratinocytes cultured for 4 d on PETIM_0.6 stained for cell cytoskeleton visualised by confocal laser scanning microscopy.imageKeratinocytes cultured for 4 d on PETIM_0.6 stained for cell cytoskeleton visualised by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Novel Side‐Chain Dendritic Polyurethanes Based on Hydrogen Bonding Rich Polyurea/Malonamide Dendrons
Authors: Dai Shenghong A. , Chen Chih‐Ping , Lin Chih‐Chieh , Chang Chia‐Cheng , Wu Tzong‐Ming , Su Wen‐Chiung , Chang Huey‐Ling , Jeng Ru‐Jong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSummary: Hydrogen bonding rich polyurea/malonamide dendrons have been utilized as building blocks for the synthesis of novel SCDPUs. The resulting microstructure of soft‐rich domains reinforced by these side chain rigid dendritic domains via strong hydrogen bonding interactions was explored for these segmented polyurethanes. DSC and FT‐IR results indicate that certain degrees of phase separation are present between rigid dendritic structures and soft PTMO domains. The phase separation structures are in the order of 100 nm based on the results of AFM and SAXS. The tensile measurements show that the incorporation of dendritic side chain structures as the hard segments can enhance the mechanical properties of these fabricated polymers.AFM phase image and chemical structure for the side chain dendritic polyurethane.magnified imageAFM phase image and chemical structure for the side chain dendritic polyurethane.
General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in general hospitals: selecting a set of items using a stepwise hierarchical procedure
Authors: Wancata J. , Krautgartner M. , Alexandrowicz R. , Meise U. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that, among non‐psychiatric in‐patients, validity indices of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) are relatively low when compared to those among primary healthcare attenders. We made an attempt to improve validity by excluding items from the 30‐item GHQ. This exclusion was performed by means of logistic regression analysis, on the one hand, and by using correlations of GHQ sum‐scores with the results of a psychiatric criterion interview (Clinical Interview Schedule) on the other. For this purpose we used a hierarchical approach based on subsets of items. In order to describe the overall discriminating ability of the 30‐, 20‐, 12‐item GHQ and of the two shortened GHQ versions, Receiver Operating Characteristics were used. The discriminating performance of the eight items gathered by Stepwise Hierarchical Variable Selection was significantly better than that of the six items yielded from logistic regression and of the above mentioned three traditional GHQ versions. These analyses are based on 511 participants of a survey in Austrian general hospitals. Overall, Stepwise Hierarchical Variable Selection procedure suggested by the authors for item selection based on sum‐scores might be a useful tool in future two‐phase surveys. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The Florence Psychiatric Interview
Authors: Faravelli Carlo , Bartolozzi Daniela , Cimminiello Laura , Cecchi Cristiana , Cosci Fiammetta , D'Adamo Donato , Di Matteo Cinzia , Di Primio Carlo , Fabbri Cecilia , Lo Iacono Beatrice , Paionni Alessandra , Perone Angela , Rosi Simone , Alessandra Scarpato Maria , Serena Andrea , Taberna Alejandra 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe Florence Psychiatric Interview (FPI) is an interviewing instrument for evaluating psychopathology in the community. The FPI is designed to be completed by clinical interviewers, and focuses on single episodes of illness where the symptoms are assessed and graded according to their severity on five‐point scales. Psychiatric symptoms are evaluated regardless of their diagnostic collocation, and period and lifetime diagnoses may be generated by combining the episodes and using the appropriate algorithms (the information provided by the FPI covers the requirements of all the present diagnostic systems). Other aspects of psychiatric disorders that are usually ignored in other interviews are investigated (for example, costs of illness, use of health facilities, life events, and personality traits).Data on reliability (inter‐rater agreement and test‐retest reliability) and agreement with other instruments such as the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (SCID) seem encouraging. The FPI's ability to collect lifetime symptoms by combining episodes matches that of an interview (the CIDI) that uses the lifetime approach. Agreement between fully qualified psychiatrists and trained residents was excellent. The ability of the cases to recall symptoms experienced several years before was also acceptable. This instrument is therefore proposed for clinical studies at the epidemiological level. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Rasch analysis of the Korean version of the VF‐14: calibration and unidimensionality
Authors: Lee Jae Eun , Sung Jung Hye 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe VF‐14 is intended to measure visual functioning based on sets of hierarchically structured items. Rasch item response theory (IRT) provides a methodology to examine the hierarchical structure and unidimensionality of a survey instrument. The purpose of this study is to examine the scale properties (hierarchical structure and unidimensionality) of the VF‐14 using Rasch item response theory methodology in cataract patients (N = 80). The results of the study showed that the Korean version VF‐14 is unidimensional with a hierarchy from easy to hard items, as well as being valid and reliable in the terms of traditional psychometric analysis. The Korean version of the VF‐14 had some significant item spacings (three strata), and the rating‐scale categories were worded well. Therefore, the Korean version of the VF‐14 measures are appropriate for use in and further study of the visual limitations associated with cataract inpatients. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Validity of Korean form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) among cognitively impaired Korean elderly and development of a 15‐item short version (KGDS‐15)
Authors: Kim Jae‐Min , Prince Martin James , Shin Il‐Seon , Yoon Jin‐Sang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study aimed to develop from the Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) a 15‐item short version (KGDS‐15); to analyse the internal consistency and criterion validity of KGDS and KGDS‐15; and to investigate the possible factors contributing to misclassification. The KGDS for screening of depression and interviews with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D) for diagnosis of depression were performed in community‐dwelling, cognitively impaired elderly Koreans. The KGDS‐15 items were chosen from those in the KGDS showing high item‐total score coefficients calculated using Cronbach's alpha. For both KGDS and KGDS‐15, the internal consistencies were good, and areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves served by HAM‐D as a gold standard, were acceptable. Lower level of education, being currently unemployed, living in rented accommodation and having chronic medical illness were independently associated with the outcome and the misclassification of the KGDS. The KGDS‐15 was proved to be equally or more valid and less affected by above factors than the KGDS. The newly developed KGDS‐15, as well as the KGDS, could be used for screening for depression overall in the community‐dwelling cognitively impaired elderly, but the resulting scores should be interpreted carefully. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
Authors: Rzewuska Małgorzata 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study presents the results of a training course on using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for the assessment of mental status. The agreements between ratings produced by 418 physicians (psychiatrists) were evaluated and compared with standard ratings. In this way it was possible to supplement some of the listed symptoms with comments, which may help to increase agreement between results obtained through raters' assessments and standard ratings. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000) project: rationale and methods
Authors: Alonso J. , Ferrer M. , Romera B. , Vilagut G. , Angermeyer M. , Bernert S. , Brugha T.S. , Taub N. , Mccolgen Z. , Girolamo G. De , Polidori G. , Mazzi F. , Graaf R. De , Vollebergh W.A.M. , Buist‐Bowman M.A. , Demyttenaere K. , Gasquet I. , Haro J. M. , Palacín C. , Autonell J. , Katz S. J. , Kessler R.C. , Kovess V. , Lépine J.P. , Arbabzadeh‐Bouchez S. , Ormel J. , Bruffaerts R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000) is a new cross‐sectional study investigating the prevalence and the associated factors of mental disorders, as well as their effect on health‐related quality of life and the use of services in six European countries. This paper describes the rationale, methods and the plan for the analysis of the project.A total of 22,000 individuals representative of the non‐institutionalized population aged 18 and over from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain are being interviewed in their homes. Trained interviewers use a computer‐assisted personal interview (CAPI) including the most recent version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI, 2000), a well‐established epidemiological survey for assessing mental disorders.This is the first international study using the standardized up‐to‐date methodology for epidemiological assessment. Sizeable differences in prevalence, impact and level of need that is met by the health services are expected.The analysis of these differences should facilitate the monitoring of ongoing mental health reform initiatives in Europe and provide new research hypotheses. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Graphing survival curve estimates for time‐dependent covariates
Authors: Schultz Lonni R. , Peterson Edward L. , Breslau Naomi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractGraphical representation of statistical results is often used to assist readers in the interpretation of the findings. This is especially true for survival analysis where there is an interest in explaining the patterns of survival over time for specific covariates. For fixed categorical covariates, such as a group membership indicator, Kaplan‐Meier estimates (1958) can be used to display the curves. For time‐dependent covariates this method may not be adequate. Simon and Makuch (1984) proposed a technique that evaluates the covariate status of the individuals remaining at risk at each event time. The method takes into account the change in an individual's covariate status over time. The survival computations are the same as the Kaplan‐Meier method, in that the conditional survival estimates are the function of the ratio of the number of events to the number at risk at each event time. The difference between the two methods is that the individuals at risk within each level defined by the covariate is not fixed at time 0 in the Simon and Makuch method as it is with the Kaplan‐Meier method. Examples of how the two methods can differ for time dependent covariates in Cox proportional hazards regression analysis are presented. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Distinguishing generalized anxiety disorder from major depression: prevalence and impairment from current pure and comorbid disorders in the US and Ontario
Authors: Kessler Ronald C. , Berglund Patricia A. , Dewit David J. , Bedirhan Üstün T. , Wang Philip S. , Wïttchen Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEstimation of comparative disease burden in epidemiological surveys is complicated by the fact that high comorbidities exist among many chronic conditions. The easiest way to take comorbidity into consideration is to distinguish between pure and comorbid conditions and to evaluate the incremental effects of comorbid conditions in prediction equations. This approach is illustrated here in an analysis of the effects of pure and comorbid major depression (MD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) on a number of different measures of role impairment in the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) and the Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario (Canada) Health Survey (the Supplement). Pure MD and pure GAD were found to have roughly equal independent associations with role impairments. The incremental effects of having comorbid MD and GAD were found to vary depending on the outcome under investigation. The paper closes with a discussion of the methodological complexities associated with generalizing to comorbidities that involve rare conditions or more than two disorders. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Self‐reported use of mental health services versus administrative records: should we care?
Authors: Rhodes Anne E. , Lin Elizabeth , Mustard Cameron A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractStudies of mental health services have emphasized that people in need are not receiving treatment. However, these studies, based on self‐reported use, may not be consistent with administrative records. This study compared self‐reports of mental health service use with administrative records in a large representative sample. Respondent reports within the Ontario portion of the 1994/95 Household Component of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were individually linked to the provincial mental‐health physician reimbursement claims. A total of 5,187 Ontarians, aged 12 years or more, reported on their use of mental healthcare within the NPHS and 4,621 (89%) consented and were successfully linked to administrative records.Comparisons between the two sources identified that the agreement for any use and volume of use was moderate to low and varied according to select respondent characteristics. These differences affected estimates of the associations with use and volume of use. People who reported high levels of distress reported more visits than those who did not and this effect was stronger in the self‐reported data.These results suggest that recall bias may be present. Regardless of the definition of care, access for those in need remains a concern despite universal medical insurance coverage. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Patterns of incidence and psychiatric risk factors for traumatic events
Authors: Stein Murray B. , Höfler Michael , Perkonigg Axel , Lieb Roselind , Pfister Hildegard , Maercker Andreas , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIndividual differences are thought to influence the propensity for exposure to trauma and the subsequent development of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Prior research has identified pre‐existing mood disorders as one such individual risk factor for traumatic events as well as for PTSD. The present study reports the incidence of traumatic events (and PTSD) and examines psychiatric risk factors for trauma exposure in a prospective community sample.Data come from a prospective, longitudinal epidemiological study of adolescents and young adults (age 14–24) in Munich, Germany. Respondent diagnoses (N = 2,548) at baseline and at follow‐up 34–50 months later were considered. Psychiatric diagnoses at baseline were examined as predictors of qualifying trauma.Baseline prevalence of persons having experienced trauma meeting DSM‐IV A1 and A2 criteria (‘qualifying trauma’) was 16.7%; during the follow‐up period, 20.3% persons had experienced incident (new) qualifying traumata. The prevalence of PTSD, including subthreshold cases, at baseline was 5.6%; by the end of the follow‐up period this had increased to 10.3%. Presence of an anxiety disorder at baseline predicted exposure to qualifying traumas during the follow‐up period (adjusted ORs ranging from 1.36 for any trauma type to 3.00 for sexual trauma); this association was apparently due to an increased tendency to report events as being particularly horrific (meeting A2 criteria). In contrast, presence of illicit drug use predicted the onset of traumatic events (specifically assaultive and sexual trauma) meeting at least A1 criteria, suggesting an actual exposure to these types of traumatic events for this class of disorders.In this prospective study of urban adolescents and young adults, certain classes of pre‐existing psychiatric disorders (most notably anxiety disorders and illicit drug use disorders) were associated with increased risk for qualifying traumatic events. The mechanisms by which premorbid psychiatric disorders promote exposure to traumatic events are unknown. Better understanding of these pathways may lead to novel strategies for primary and secondary prevention of PTSD. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.