bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Media representations of majority and minority groups
Authors: Atuel Hazel , Seyranian Viviane , Crano William D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis research series replicated and extended earlier findings of Gardikiotis, Martin, and Hewstone (2004), who examined via content analysis UK media representations of numeric majority and minority groups. Using news articles from North and South Dakota, where majority/minority population characteristics mirror those of the UK in terms of number and power, Study 1 replicated the patterns of results found in Gardikiotis et al. Study 2, in which articles from California newspapers were analyzed, yielded findings contrary to Gardikiotis et al. and our Dakota analyses: Minority headlines were more frequent in California, and majority articles were longer than minority articles. Consistent with UK and Dakotas findings, majority headlines in California were associated with politics and identity adjectives, whereas minority headlines were linked to social issues and ethnicity‐based adjectives. Arguably, these differences occurred because in California, unlike the UK and the Dakotas, Whites are not simultaneously the social power and the numeric majority. Variations in power and number associated with majority and minority status were discussed in explaining differences across contexts, and in signaling possible shortcomings in the conceptualization and methods used to investigate minority and majority influence. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residence time of alluvium in an aggrading fluvial system
Authors: Phillips Jonathan D. , Marden Michael , Gomez Basil 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRelationships between the surface area and age of alluvial deposits were used to estimate the residence time of alluvium in the 2205 km2 Waipaoa River basin, New Zealand. The contemporary Waipaoa River is an efficient transporter of sediment to the continental shelf, but the basin has been characterized by rapid channel and valley aggradation in the historic period, and by extensive mid‐ to late Holocene alluvial storage in the lower reaches. The area‐weighted mean age of alluvial deposits in the lower part of the river basin is ∼4400 yr. These deposits comprise terrace remnants isolated by downcutting, and Holocene to Recent sediments that are potentially remobilizable by the modern river. Even though the amount of storage is small relative to downstream transport, the majority of the potentially remobilizable alluvium is likely to remain in storage for >100 yr, and its half‐life (time for 50 per cent removal) is >2000 yr. Within the confines of the flfloodplain, the apparent ‘loss’ of older deposits is due primarily to burial, but losses of the most recent deposits are due almost entirely to remobilization (30–40 per cent), with the remainder preserved in the alluvial record for at least 104 yr. Most of this sediment is likely to remain in storage until there is a shift to a degradational state. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impacts of decentralization on health care seeking behaviors in Uganda
Authors: Hutchinson Paul , Akin John , Ssengooba Freddie 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the impacts of a public sector decentralization program on health care seeking behaviors in Uganda in the 1990s. Shifting priorities by local governments in Uganda's decentralized health system away from provision of primary health care, in particular the provision of public goods or goods with substantial consumption externalities, and toward provision of private health goods such as curative care are linked to shifts in individual‐level care utilization behaviors. This analysis finds that, while the country has been undergoing a multitude of changes in recent years, decentralization appears to have led to increases in the use of curative services with largely private benefits, perhaps at the expense of the use of primary health care services and services with consumption externalities. A longer period of analysis is required to determine the persistence of these effects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integration and coordination of pain management in primary care
Authors: Otis John D. , Macdonald Alexandra , Dobscha Steven K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPain is one of the most common symptoms reported to primary care providers and has significant implications for health care costs. The primary aim of this article is to describe and illustrate how to integrate the treatment of chronic pain in the primary care setting. First, we address the integration and coordination of care between mental health and primary care. We then present a typical case and discuss the patient's treatment, outcome, and prognosis. The article concludes with a discussion of issues that frequently arise when integrating psychological treatment for pain in primary care settings. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1333–1343, 2006.
Tailoring cognitive‐behavioral therapy for chronic pain: A case example
Authors: Heapy Alicia A. , Stroud Michael W. , Higgins Diana M. , Sellinger John J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for chronic pain. However, many patients who might benefit from this treatment either refuse treatment, fail to adhere to treatment recommendations, or drop out prematurely. Adherence to and engagement in CBT for chronic pain might be improved by tailoring a limited number of its components to individual preferences. Motivational interviewing, in which the therapist facilitates the patient's motivation for changing behavior, might also promote CBT engagement and adherence. We describe components of a tailored CBT treatment for chronic pain in the context of ongoing research and illustrate the process of tailoring CBT with a case study. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1345–1354, 2006.
Group cognitive therapy for chronic pain
Authors: Thorn Beverly E. , Kuhajda Melissa C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractGroup therapy for chronic pain management, particularly that using cognitive‐behavioral treatment (CBT), has become a common treatment format. This article provides a rationale and framework for group CBT, including the research evidence and clinical considerations related to the practitioner and patient. We then present an example of group therapy focusing on the cognitive components of CBT for chronic pain. Examples from group therapy are used in order to illustrate the principles of optimizing the group approach in the context of cognitive therapy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1355–1366, 2006.
Treating chronic migraine headaches: An evidence‐based practice approach
Authors: Walker Barbara B. , Seay Steven J. , Solomon Andrea C. , Spring Bonnie 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPsychologists and other mental health care professionals are generally trained to incorporate empirical evidence into clinical practice, but few have been taught formal techniques for doing so. Given the rapidity of progress in the clinical sciences, there is a growing need among practitioners to access current, clinically relevant research and have strategies for integrating these research findings into the clinic. In the field of medicine, evidence‐based medicine took hold in the early 1990s to provide a framework and skill set for translating research into practice. This method is now widely known as evidence‐based practice (EBP) to reflect its applicability to multiple disciplines. In this article, we present a general overview of EBP, illustrate how we used this approach to develop a treatment plan for a patient who had chronic migraine headaches, and discuss some of the opportunities and challenges EBP presents to mental health professionals. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1367–1378, 2006.
Clinical considerations in the treatment of chronic pain with opiates
Authors: Naliboff Bruce D. , Wu Stephen M. , Pham Quynh 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis article considers assessment and treatment issues for mental health practitioners working with patients using opiate medications to treat chronic pain with a particular emphasis on their potential relationship to substance abuse. We review general opiate medications, including a discussion of medications with increased addiction potential. Practice guidance is offered regarding long‐term opiate treatment, including definitions of addiction, initial assessments, ongoing substance misuse monitoring, use of psychological assessment instruments, and managing medication misuse problems. Additionally, we examine the role of the mental health professional within this area and examine the incorporation of psychological interventions for patients using opiates. A case illustration includes several of these complicated issues of managing chronic pain with opiate medications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1397–1408, 2006.
Improving the quality of fried oils by using different filter aids
Authors: Farag Radwan S , El‐Anany Ayman M 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe present study aimed to improve the quality of fried soybean, sunflower, palm and cottonseed oils. Synthetic (Magnesol XL) and natural (diatomaceous earth and kaolin) filter aids were used at various levels (1, 2 and 4%) to adsorb the secondary oxidation products of the oil. The metal patterns (the cations Si, Mg, Ca, Fe, Na, K, Al, Cu, Mn, Zn and the anions CO32−, HCO3−, Cl−, NO3−, NO2−, SO42−) of Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth and kaolin were determined. Some physical and chemical properties (refractive index, viscosity, colour, foam height, acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid value, iodine value, and conjugated diene and polymer contents) of non‐fried, fried and fried–treated soybean, sunflower, palm and cottonseed oils were determined. The frying process was performed at 180 °C ± 5 °C for 12 h continuous heating. The fried oils were treated with the synthetic and natural filter aids at 105 °C for 15 min. The results indicate that Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth and kaolin contained Si + Mg, Si + Ca and Si + Al, respectively, as the basic metals. Frying soybean, sunflower, palm and cottonseed oils led to significant increases in refractive index, colour, foam height, viscosity, acid value, peroxide value, TBA value, conjugated diene and polymer contents and decrease in iodine value. Treatment of fried oils with Magnesol XL, diatomaceous earth and kaolin at the 1, 2 and 4% levels greatly improved the quality of fried oils. These findings indicate the high efficiency of the filter aids used in the present study in adsorbing the products of oil degradation. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
One‐Step Method for Synthesis of PDMS‐Based Macroazoinitiators and Block Copolymers from the Initiators
Authors: Feng Libang , Fang Hongxia , Zhou Shuxue , Wu Limin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: This paper presents a facile one‐step method for the synthesis of macroazoinitiator (MAI) by direct polycondensation of hydroxyalkyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with 4,4′‐azobis‐4‐cyanopentanoic acid (ACPA) under mild conditions. The PDMS‐based MAI was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, and UV spectroscopy, and further used as an initiator for polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to obtain PMMA‐co‐PDMS block copolymer. TEM observation and DSC analysis demonstrated that the PMMA‐co‐PDMS block copolymer had a microphase‐separated structure.Schematic representation for syntheses of macroazoinitiators (MAI) by the direct polycondensation and corresponding block copolymers.imageSchematic representation for syntheses of macroazoinitiators (MAI) by the direct polycondensation and corresponding block copolymers.
Bison breeding characteristics and interpretation of archaeological seasonality revisited
Authors: Walde D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBison breeding behaviour has been used for the last three decades as the basis for developing methods for assigning season‐of‐occupation estimates to archaeological sites on the North American Plains. These methods are based upon the supposition that the North American bison breeding season is extremely short and that genetically controlled ontological characteristics such as foetal growth and tooth eruption sequences can therefore be used to infer site seasonality in a reasonably straightforward and precise manner. This paper reviews bison population studies conducted during the past 30 years to reassess present understandings of the length of North American bison breeding seasons. It is concluded that the bison breeding season regularly extends over a period of three to four months, and that initiation of ontological development will therefore also vary over the same period of time. Bison development characteristics cannot provide a reliable or precise means of assigning seasonality to archaeological sites on the North American Plains. It is suggested that methods using physical characteristics such as dental cementum incrementation which are directly affected by seasonal changes could be more productive. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Klinische Indikationen für β‐Lactame: Anwendungen im ambulanten und stationären Bereich
Authors: Lode Hartmut M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen klinischen Indikationen sowohl im ambulanten wie auch im Hospitalbereich von oralen und parenteralen Penicillinen, Cephalosporinen, Carbapenemen und Monobactamen dargestellt. Auch die Indikationen zur Kombination mit β‐Lactamase‐Hemmern, aber auch bei speziellen Indikationen mit anderen antibiotischen Substanzgruppen werden besprochen.
Predicting asparaginase‐associated pancreatitis
Authors: Knoderer Holly M. , Robarge Jason , Flockhart David A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundPancreatitis is a well‐known, but little‐understood complication of asparaginase. There is no predictor of who will develop asparaginase‐associated pancreatitis (AAP). To better define this population, we present a retrospective analysis regarding AAP and provide a review of the relevant literature.MethodsWe systematically reviewed medical records of 254 asparaginase recipients during a 5‐year period. Pancreatitis was defined and graded according to CTCAE v3.0.ResultsPancreatitis was diagnosed in 48 (19%) patients. Thirty‐three (13%) patients were identified as having AAP. Twelve cases occurred after Escherichia coli asparaginase and 20 followed PEG‐asparaginase. Pancreatitis was independent of the individual or cumulative asparaginase dose. The interval to pancreatitis diagnosis was longer for PEG‐asparaginase than E. coli asparaginase (P = 0.02). AAP was seen more frequently in patients receiving prednisone (P = 0.02) and daunomycin (P = 0.006) while less frequent with dexamethasone (P = 0.04). Other chemotherapy agents appeared to have no association with AAP. As observed by others, those with pancreatitis were older (P = 0.001), but the significance of this remains uncertain.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes our inability to predict who will develop pancreatic toxicity from asparaginase and suggests that those at risk might have an unidentified genetic predisposition. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:634–639. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HLH‐2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Henter Jan‐Inge , Horne AnnaCarin , Aricó Maurizio , Egeler R. Maarten , Filipovich Alexandra H. , Imashuku Shinsaku , Ladisch Stephan , McClain Ken , Webb David , Winiarski Jacek , Janka Gritta 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn HLH‐94, the first prospective international treatment study for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), diagnosis was based on five criteria (fever, splenomegaly, bicytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia and/or hypofibrinogenemia, and hemophagocytosis). In HLH‐2004 three additional criteria are introduced; low/absent NK‐cell‐activity, hyperferritinemia, and high‐soluble interleukin‐2‐receptor levels. Altogether five of these eight criteria must be fulfilled, unless family history or molecular diagnosis is consistent with HLH. HLH‐2004 chemo‐immunotherapy includes etoposide, dexamethasone, cyclosporine A upfront and, in selected patients, intrathecal therapy with methotrexate and corticosteroids. Subsequent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is recommended for patients with familial disease or molecular diagnosis, and patients with severe and persistent, or reactivated, disease. In order to hopefully further improve diagnosis, therapy and biological understanding, participation in HLH studies is encouraged. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:124–131. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
American Academy of School Psychology survey on the independent educational evaluation for a specific learning disability: Results and discussion
Authors: Schrank Fredrick A. , Miller Jeffrey A. , Caterino Linda C. , Desrochers John 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis article reviews the results of a survey of the Fellows of the American Academy of School Psychology (Academy; AASP) regarding the independent educational evaluation (IEE) for a specific learning disability (SLD). Academy Fellows were asked about important components of the IEE, desirable evaluator qualifications, and recommended criteria for a diagnosis of SLD in an IEE. Survey results are used as the basis for a discussion of (a) what comprises a sufficiently comprehensive IEE, (b) what evaluator qualifications are important, and (c) how a clinical determination of SLD in an IEE is formulated, documented, and evaluated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 771–780, 2006.
Research‐supported ideas for implementing reauthorized IDEA with intelligent professional psychological services
Authors: Berninger Virginia W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe recent reauthorization of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA; 2004) is first discussed in its historical context. Then, a programmatic line of research (funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development since 1989) is described that is relevant to a proposed model for universal screening, providing instruction for grade‐appropriate target reading or writing skills for at‐risk students, monitoring student response to instruction, and diagnosing when necessary. It is recommended that the reauthorization of IDEA include the following in services for students with specific learning disabilities: Cognitive, Achievement, and Process Assessment (CAP), Implementation of Scientifically Supported Instruction (SSI), Response to Intervention (RTI), and Differential Diagnosis for Teaching (D2T). State legal code for the reauthorization of IDEA should allow school psychologists flexibility to practice their craft according to current scientific knowledge, professional standards, and best practices of their profession, coupled with Caring, Connecting, and Communicating (C3), so that students with specific learning disabilities and other developmental disabilities are well served. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 781–796, 2006.
Heme alkylation by artemisinin and trioxaquines
Authors: Robert Anne , Bonduelle Colin , Laurent Sophie A.‐L. , Meunier Bernard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractArtemisinin is an efficient antimalarial drug containing a 1,2,4‐trioxane which is able to alkylate heme both in vitro and in vivo, giving rise to covalent heme‐artemisinin coupling products. The low valent iron(II) protoporphyrin‐IX, which is the prosthetic group of hemoglobin, induces the homolysis of the peroxide bond of artemisinin by an electron transfer. The generated alkoxy radical is quickly rearranged to a C‐centered radical that efficiently alkylates the heme macrocycle at meso positions. Heme is therefore both the activating agent and the target of artemisinin.Additionally, the iron(II) heme cofactor of carboxyhemoglobin was found to react as efficiently with artemisinin as oxyhemoglobin does, providing a heme‐drug covalent adduct in up to 60% yield. This result indicates that the presence of a CO ligand bound to iron does not preclude the reductive activation of the peroxide, thereby confirming the high affinity of artemisinin for iron(II) heme.On the basis of this mechanism of action, a variety of new peroxide‐based antimalarials named trioxaquines® have been synthesized. Trioxaquines are made by the covalent attachment of a trioxane, having alkylating ability, to a quinoline, known to readily penetrate infected erythrocytes. Several trioxaquines are active in vitro on chloroquine resistant malaria parasite at nanomolar concentrations, and are efficient to cure infected mice by oral route at 20–50 mg/kg. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug abuse, innate immunity and hepatitis C virus
Authors: Zhang Ting , Li Yuan , Ho Wen‐Zhe 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSince its discovery in 1989, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become a major public health problem. HCV chronically infects an estimated 170 million people worldwide. The seroprevalence of anti‐HCV antibody in the United States has been estimated at 1.8%, which corresponds to approximately 4 million people. HCV is the most common chronic blood borne infection in the United States, and the leading cause of liver transplantation in developed countries. Injection drug use is the dominant mode of HCV transmission and accounts for up to 90% of current infections. Opiates and other drug abuse, such as alcohol, have been implicated as cofactors in the pathogenesis of HCV disease. Injection drug use has been the most common risk factor identified in alcoholics with HCV infection. Both opiates and alcohol contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality from HCV disease. These drugs most likely act synergistically to promote the development and progression of HCV disease. However, there is limited information available concerning the interaction of the drug abuse with the host cell innate immunity against HCV infection, which is a major barrier to fundamental understanding of the immunopathogenesis of HCV disease. Therefore, defining the role of the drug abuse in the development of chronic HCV infection is of crucial importance and should provide practical guidance toward the reduction of risk factors that interfere with therapeutic approaches for HCV infection and disease. This review paper focuses on the interplay between drug abuse (opiates and alcohol), innate immunity and HCV in the context of the development of HCV disease. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.