bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability Estimate for Resistance to Alternaria dauci in Carrot
Authors: Boiteux L. S. , Della Vecchia P. T. , Reifschneider F. J. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn estimate of the narrow sense heritability of resistance to Alternaria dauci was obtained for the open‐pollinated carrot cultivar ‘Brasília’. The estimate, based on plot means of 96 half‐sib families was 0.4032 ± 0.1672, which may be considered in the medium‐low range. Considering this result, it is concluded that recurrent selection based on half‐sib progeny tests, will be more effective than simple phenotypic recurrent selection in increasing the resistance level of ‘Brasília’ to A. daucci.
Selection for Non‐Shattering Common Vetch, Vicia sativa L.
Authors: Abd El‐Moneim A. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLoss of seeds from mature pods is common in Vicia sativa L., an important annual, resown forage legume in West Asia and North Africa. Pod shattering restricts its use as a leguminous forage crop. This paper reports the results of germplasm evaluation for non‐shattering pods and of breeding and selection to improve seed retention.Wide variation in pod‐shattering exists between common vetch ecotypes collected from different regions. Three wild mutants with almost completely non‐shattering pods were identified and isolated for use as a genetic resource in cross breeding programmes.Genetic studies revealed that the non‐shattering character in the wild types of common vetch is due to a simple recessive gene, whereas shattering in the cultivated types is due to an allelic dominant pair of genes. Incorporation of the non‐shattering gene into agronomically‐promising lines was achieved by back‐crossing. Lines having an average of 95—97 % non‐shattering pods were obtained, as compared to 40—50 % in the original cultivated lines which represents a major agronomic advance in common vetch breeding. The importance of seed retention to the economics of seed production is discussed.
Development of Yellow Seeded Brassica napus Through Interspecific Crosses
Authors: Rashid A. , Rakow G. , Downey R. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractYellow seeded Brassica napus was developed through interspecific crosses with the two mustard species, B. juncea and B. carinata. The objective of these two interspecific crosses was the introgression of genes for yellow seed colour from the A genome of B. juncea and C genome of B. carinata into the A and C genomes of B. napus, respectively. The interspecific F1 generations were backcrossed to B. napus in an attempt to eliminate B genome chromosomes and to improve fertility. Backcross F2 plants of the (B. napus×B. juncea) ×B. napus cross were then crossed with backcross F2 plants of the (B. napus×B. carinata) ×B. napus cross. The objective of this intercrossing was to combine the A and C genome yellow seeded characteristics of the two backcross populations into one genotype. The F2 generation of the backcross F2 intercrosses was grown in the field, plants were individually harvested and visually rated for seed colour. Ninety‐one yellow seeded plants were identified among the 4858 plants inspected. This result indicated that the interspecific crossing scheme was successful in developing yellow seeded B. napus.
Combining Ability in Almond
Authors: García J. E. , Dicenta F. , Carbonell E. A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract2483 almond seedlings developed from 42 crosses between 12 parents were studied for three years (1989, 1990 and 1991). General and specific combining ability was determined for six traits (all years) and eight traits (1989 only). Additive factors are largely responsible for the genetic control of all traits, non‐additive factors being of importance for the density of flowering and particularly for the density of production, time and duration of maturation and double kernels. The results permit the correct choice of parents and crosses for future breeding programmes and provide a better insight into the genetic control of the traits studied.
Somaclonal Variation in Tissue Culture of Triticum aestivum×Agropyron desertorum F1 Hybrid
Authors: Li L. H. , Dong Y. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCallus induced from immature inflorescences of the partially self‐fertile hybrids (2 n = 35; ABDPP) between Triticum aestivum (2n = 42; AABBDD) and Agropyron desertorum (2n = 28; PPPP) led to the regeneration of 88 plants on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l of 2,4‐D. These regenerants were used to investigate somaclonal variation and to obtain more selfed derivatives. Immature inflorescences at the stage of developing floral primordia gave the best response in terms of callus induction and plant regeneration. The regenerants exhibited great variability for most morphological traits. Although the regenerants did not exhibit variation in chromosome number, they did show a higher degree of meiotic instability than the initial hybrid. In particular, the regenerants gave much higher selfed seed‐set (5.49 %) than the donor hybrid (0.46 %), so that a total of 484 selfed seeds were obtained.
Agroinoculation of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) Overcomes the Virus Resistance of Wild Lycopersicon Species
Authors: Kheyr‐Pour A. , Gronenborn B. , Czosner H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAccessions of the wild tomato species Lycopersicon chilense LA 1969 and L. hirsutum LA 1777 which are resistant to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in field‐ and in whitefly‐mediated transmission tests were agroinoculated with a tandem repeat of the TYLCV genome. Large amounts of viral DNA started to accumulate in the agroinoculated L. chilense and L. hirsutum plants about 10 days after the agroinoculation. Yellowing and narrowing of the upper leaves were observed in the L. chilense plants but no curling as in susceptible L. esculentum cultivars. The agroinoculated L. hirsutum plants showed typical yellowing and curling of young leaves. These findings indicate that TYLCV introduced by means of agroinoculation leads to the breakdown of natural resistance mechanisms which prevent the replication, spread and expression of symptoms in resistant tomato genotypes.
Evaluation of Somaclonal and Mutagen Induced Variation in Fingermillet
Authors: Pius J. , George L. , Eapen S. , Rao P. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effects of gamma rays and EMS on plant regeneration and somaclonal variation in fingermillet were studied. While EMS had an inhibitory effect on plant regeneration, gamma irradiation in low doses (5 Gy) was stimulatory. A wide range of variation was observed for almost all the traits and it was similar in both mutagen treated and untreated regenerants and seeds. This indicates that tissue culture itself induces variation and it can be exploited to advantage for crop improvement.
Distorted Segregation for Mildew Resistance in Doubled Haploid Lines of Spring Barley
Authors: Kintzios S. , Islam R. M. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe mildew reactions of the second generation of doubled haploid (DH) plants, derived from anther culture of crosses among three spring barley lines carrying different Mla mildew resistance alleles and the cv. ‘Pallas’, were analyzed by using a set of three European and one Israeli mildew isolate. The results indicated, (1) a significant level of distortion segregation in favour of resistant DH genotypes, which was possibly due to linkage of mildew resistance genes on chromosome 5 with genes for plant regeneration and (2) various degrees of dominance for the different resistance genes studied as well as the possible action of modifier genes.
Designing a Wheat Ideotype with Increased Sink Capacity
Authors: Denćić S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this investigation, genotypes with branched, tetrastichon (two spikelets per node of the rachis), and normal spikes were used in order to induce changes in sink capacity, while high‐yielding domestic and foreign varieties served as donors of other traits. These materials were crossed by the methods of single‐, back‐, and top crossing and the desirable genotypes were selected by the pedigree method. After 10 years of breeding for the desired ideotype, whose main features had been a highly fertile spike of normal structure, short straw, curved leaves, and reduced tillering, 229 lines were tested in comparative yield trials. Among them, four lines were superior in yield and other traits to the highest yielding standards. Regarding the expected changes in sink capacity, considerable progress was made in spike length, number of grains per spike, number of grains per spikelet, and the weight of grains per spike.
Combining Ability of Doubled Haploids in Coffea canephora P.
Authors: Lashermes P. , Couturon E. , Charrier A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFifty‐five doubled haploids (DH) of Coffea canephora were crossed with either heterozygous genotypes or DH in order to study their combining ability. Three agronomic trials were established. Marked hybrid vigour was observed for all characters analyzed including yield. Large differences were evident among top‐crosses involving different DH produced from the same parental clone reflecting the high level of heterozygosity of clones. Factorial mating design analysis indicated that all genetic variance was attributable to additive effects in estimates of yield as well as plant height and leaf characteristics. The general combining ability variance component was also predominant for stem girth and susceptibility to leaf rust, although effects due to interaction were detected. Some hybrid combinations had yield comparable to standard clonal varieties. The implications of such results for breeding of Coffea canephora are discussed. Particularly, the development of F1 hybrid varieties is envisaged.
Chilling Tolerance, Cold Hardening and Freezing Tolerance of Low‐temperature‐tolerant Mutants of Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura
Authors: Laurich F. , Dörffling K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo low‐temperature‐tolerant mutants of the Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura cultivar ‘Puck’ derived from an x‐radiated tissue culture system were compared, as vegetatively growing plants, to ‘Puck’ ssfor several physiological properties under low‐temperature conditions. So far, the low‐temperature tolerance of the mutants has been defined as the capacity to flower earlier under low temperature conditions (8—15°C) the wild type. All three lines were not chilling sensitive in the vegetative state and were able to acclimatize and to develop freezing tolerance. Differences between ‘Puck’ and the mutants were found but could not be related to the low‐temperature tolerance of the mutants in the generative phase. Levels of the amino acid proline increased during the hardening process, reaching the highest level in the cultivar ‘Puck’. No evidence could be obtained that proline is causally involved in the cold‐hardening process. Freezing‐induced membrane injury was found to decrease with cold hardening (0—28 days) but the two mutants did not show a greater capacity to acclimatize and cold harden than the original cultivar ‘Puck’.
Rapid Incorporation of D‐genome Chromosomes into A and/or B Genomes of Hexaploid Triticale
Authors: Kaznan E. , Lelley T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo series of progenies were developed from hybrids between octoploid (AABBDDRR) and tetraploid triticale ((AB)(AB)RR). One arose from the successive selfing of the F1s, while the second was established after one backcross of the F1 hybrids with the respective 8 × triticale parent. Altogether, 250 F3 and BC1F2 lines were developed, of which 112 were karyotyped in the F4/F5 or in BC1F3/BC1F4 generations using C‐banding and SDS‐PAGE. The 112 lines represented 61 different karyotypes, of which 39 appeared to be stabilized, having pairs of homologous wheat chromosomes only, while 22 karyotypes exhibited 1—3 heterologous pairs. The frequency of karyotypically stabilized lines originating from the series with one backcrossing was much higher (79.5 %) than those derived from the successive selfing of the F1 hybrids (51.7%).Six lines had the pure hexaploid triticale chromosome constitution. The frequency of disomic substitutions of D genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A and/or B genome chromosomes ranged from one to six per line with an average of 1.7. Except for 3B and 6B all possible D(A/B) substitutions were obtained. Chromosomes ID and 3D substituted for their homoeologues with the highest frequency, while the substitution of chromosome 4D for 4A or for 4B was the least frequent. D(R) substitutions were found in eight lines only. A complete set of 6x triticale lines was established in which chromosome ID was present in all possible combinations, i.e. single 1D(1A/1B/1R) disomic substitutions as well as disomic ID addition.
Genetic ‘Fingerprinting’ of Sunflower Lines and F1 Hybrids using. Isozymes, Simple and Repetitive Sequences as Hybridization Probes, and Random Primers for PCR
Authors: Mosges G. , Friedtu W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree different marker systems which have been widely described in the characterization of genotypes were compared. Sunflower lines and hybrids were analysed by three isozymes, oligonucleotides (GACA)4, (GATA)4, and (GGAT)4 as hybridization probes, and 70 primers for PCR analysis. Polymorphisms were visible with each type of marker. However, the repeated probes, especially (GATA)4, revealed the highest degree of variability and seem to be most appropriate for the generation of genotype‐specific ‘fingerprints.’
Improved Techniques for Haploid Production in Wheat using Chromosome Elimination
Authors: Matzk F. , Mahn A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWheat × maize and wheat × pearl millet crosses have proved efficient for haploid production using various genotypes of wheat; 22 and 27 % of florets produced embryos. In favourable conditions 6—9 haploid plants per spike were produced. The following simplifications or improvements in technique are recommended: 1. Only a single treatment with an aqueous solution of dicamba or 2,4‐D (50–100 ppm) for embryo stimulation in vivo; 2. Application by spraying or dipping the spikes; 3. Application time two to four days after pollination; 4. Embryo rescue 15 to 18 days after pollination; 5. Crosses without emasculation are possible if pollination occurs 1–2 days before anthesis. More than 450 haploids and some doubled haploid (DH) lines (after colchicine treatment in vitro) were produced using these methods. No hybrid plants, chromosome additions or substitutions were found.
Selection Criteria for Short‐fibre Flax
Authors: Kaul H.‐P. , Scheer‐Triebel M. , Heyland K.‐U. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe industrial utilization of short fibres of Linum usitatissimum L. is advantageous for the environment and conserves natural resources due to savings in the production and waste management process. In 1990 a project was started to breed flax for short fibres in combination with oil production. In field experiments 22 (1990) and 20 (1991) varieties and progenies of earlier crosses, respectively, were tested. Phenotypic variation and linear correlations of parameters characterizing yield and its stability were examined with regard to their suitability as selection criteria.The results were as follows: A total harvest of 3 t/ha of short fibre and oil was produced, most of it fibre. The cross progenies tested in 1991 showed a high genetic potential for the combined use of fibre and oil, but their maturity needs to be synchronized better. Simultaneous selection of short‐fibre flax genotypes for fibre content and seed yield on the one hand, or for oil content and fibre yield on the other, seems to be practicable. The plants should not exceed I m in height. Thousand‐seed weight and oil content were not correlated in the progenies, thus making it possible to select for small‐seeded genotypes.
Genetic Relationships in Malus Evaluated by RAPD ‘Fingerprinting’ of Cultivars and Wild Species
Authors: Dunemann F. , Kahnau R. , Schmidt H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe potential use of RAPD markers for taxonomic studies in Malus was investigated using 18 accessions of wild species and 27 apple cultivars. 29 preselected random decamer primers were applied to three sets of Malus genotypes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ‘fingerprints’ were analysed for polymorphic amplification fragments, and coefficients estimating genetic similarity were calculated on the basis of about 50 polymorphic RAPD loci in each set of genotypes. Cluster analysis by an unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed that, in the cultivars, the molecular classification was in good agreement with the known lineage. A dendrogram generated for the wild species gave relationships that were, in principle, in accordance with the known phylogenetic information. Closely related species from section I were clearly distinguishable from those of sections III and IV. On the molecular level, a high degree of genetic diversity was found among both different apple cultivars and wild species of the genus Malus. The results gave additional evidence for the hypothesis that M. pumila and M. sylvestris were involved in the origin of the cultivated apples.
Progress since the 1930s in Breeding for Yield, its Components, and Quality Traits of Spring Wheat in Finland
Authors: Peltonen‐Sainio P. , Peltonen J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe contribution of improvements in morphophysiological traits to increased gram yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the achievements of breeding for high bread‐making quality in Finland since the 1930s were assessed. Ten wheat cultivars released in Finland between 1939 and 1990 were evaluated in Held experiments at the Viikki Experimental Farm, University of Helsinki, Finland (60°13′N) in 1991 and 1992. Twenty‐two traits representing maturity, plant architecture, plant stand structure and N accumulation, and nine quality traits, including protein concentration and protein quality, were assessed. A 20 % increase in grain yield arising from cultivar improvement was associated with a 7 % reduction in height, an 80 % improvement in lodging resistance, and a 15 % higher harvest index (HI). Ear weight was 30 % higher in the modern cultivars. The higher ear weight of the modern cultivars was a result of more grains per ear and a higher spikelet weight. No decrease in vegetative phytomass in modern cultivars was recorded in this study. Grain yield and total N accumulation increased simultaneously and a positive correlation between year of cultivar release and nitrogen index was established. Although use of high N fertilizer application rates resulted in significantly improved baking quality of the flour, no trend between baking quality and year of cultivar release was recorded. The relatively low HI recorded in this study suggests that further yield increases art‐likely to be achieved by selecting for higher HI.
Recurrent Selection in Pearl Millet for Improving Stand Establishment at High Temperature
Authors: Lynch P. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInadequate stand establishment can be a major constraint to high grain and fodder yields of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) in the semi‐arid tropics. In this study, two laboratory screening procedures designed to improve components of stand establishment were evaluated. In the first procedure the ability of seedlings to emerge from the soil at 45 °C was tested and in the second procedure the ability of seeds to germinate at 45°C was measured. Two cycles of recurrent selection were conducted with each procedure in the Higrop and Senpop pearl millet gene pools. The resultant populations were evaluated to measure the efficacy of the screening procedures. Selection for increased emergence was effective in the Cc of Higrop. When emergence percentage was averaged across Higrop and Senpop, recurrent selection increased emergence percentage by 7.4 % per cycle. In future, the size of the emergence screening units and number of seeds screened per progeny tested should be increased. The germination selection procedure was ineffective.
Cytogenetic Studies of Different Miscanthus Species with Potential for Agricultural Use
Authors: Lafferty J. , Lelley T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFour morphologically different clones of Miscanthus sinensis‘Giganteus’, presently grown in Austria, one ornamental, M. sinensis, and two cultivars of M. sacchariflorus, were studied to determine their chromosome number, chromosome morphology and meiotic behaviour. The clones of M. sinensis‘Giganteus’ uniformly showed a somatic chromosome number of 57. The ornamental M. sinensis, and one M. sacchariflorus cultivar had 38 and the second M. sacchariflorus genotype had 76 chromosomes. While the ornamental M. sinensis exhibited a regular meiosis with predominantly ring bivalents, M. sinensis‘Giganteus’ displayed a highly irregular meiosis with stickiness, frequent occurrence of trivalents and a large number of laggards in both the first and second anaphases. The presence of two satellited chromosomes suggests an allotriploid genome constitution; the trivalents indicate the involvement of closely related species in the amphiploid. Triploidy of the plants is supposed to be the major cause of their sterility. Suggestions are made for further cytogenetic studies including genome analysis and an attempt to resynthesize M. sinensis‘Giganteus’ to provide an insight into the genetic architecture of the plant and to generate new genetic variations for breeding purposes.
Plant Types and Gibberellin Responses of Chinese Dwarf‐barley Genetic Resources
Authors: Jing Zhang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPlant types and gibberellin responses were investigated in 20 Chinese dwarf and two tall check‐barley varieties Wide genetic variation was observed in plant height, ranging from 23.1 to 69.2 cm. Compared with the controls, no relationship was found between plant height and internode number, but a relationship was established between plant height and internode length. The ratio of the length to the diameter of each internode decreased greatly in most of the dwarfs. Three dwarf groups, three internode patterns and four leaf forms were differentiated in Chinese dwarf barleys based on the main culm height, successive internode lengths, and top three leaf widths and lengths. Most showed sensitivity to GA3.
Variation and Covariation of Milling‐ and Baking‐quality Characteristics among Winter Rye Single‐cross Hybrids
Authors: Rattunde H. F. W. , Geiger H. H. , Weipert D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractComponents of variation for, and genetic correlations among, measures of milling and baking quality were estimated for 38 winter rye single‐crosses sown in three environments. Samples of grain were indirectly evaluated for baking quality via Falling Number and Amylograph tests whereas direct Assessments of baking quality and milling yield were obtained from standardised Sourdough Baking tests and total flour release determinations, respectively. Estimates of genetic variation were large and highly significant (P < 0.01) for all traits whereas those of genotype × environment interactions were much smaller and often non‐significant. Broad‐sense heritability estimates were very high, ranging from 0.64 to 0.96. Crumb elasticity, the most important direct measure of baking quality, was significantly correlated with falling number (rg= 0.43) and Amylograph temperature at maximum viscosity (rg= 0.55). The dough yield, loaf volume and total flour release, however, showed no relation with the indirect measures of baking quality. The crumb elasticity was correlated positively with flour release but negatively with dough yield and loaf volume. Selection for high falling number would be an effective indirect method of increasing crumb elasticity. Enhancement of the other baking and milling characteristics would require direct measurements of the respective traits.