bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meaning of resonator's coupling coefficient in bandpass filter design
Authors: Awai Ikuo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn the design of a bandpass filter, the mutual inductance M and the mutual capacitance Cm between two resonators are needed. In this paper, the speed of energy exchange between the coupled LC resonators is related to M and Cm and is defined as the coupling coefficient. Subsequently, the effective M and Cm are determined by deriving the coupling coefficient between the electromagnetic resonators. In this way, a basis is provided on which the filter design theory established previously for the LC resonator circuits is extended to the electromagnetic circuits. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(6): 1–7, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20241
Collimation field detection from digital radiographs using plane detection Hough transform
Authors: Kawashita Ikuo , Aoyama Masahito , Kajiyama Tomoaki , Asada Naoki , Awai Kazuo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThere have been efforts to detect the collimation field of medical digital radiographs (x‐ray images), which is unnecessary in diagnosis. The method used in past studies is to detect the boundary of the collimation field as a straight line, using the edge detection on the two‐dimensional image. The boundary, however, is not an ideal step‐edge, as is seen from the principle of image generation, but is a ramp edge containing a blur (half‐shadow). This paper extends the radiograph to another dimension of brightness, to be considered as three‐dimensional data. A method is proposed in which the Hough transform is used to detect the boundary of the collimation field as a plane. In order to investigate the validity of the model and the effectiveness of the proposed method, a detection experiment is performed for the collimation field. The collimation field is correctly detected at a rate of 96.4% (324 cases) in 336 images. It is also shown that when the image is compressed by setting the brightness of the detected collimation field as 0, the amount of image data is smaller than the amount of image data obtained by compressing the original image. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(6): 22–33, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20268
Pattern recognition model with moving visual attention based on hypothesis and verification
Authors: Shimomura Masao , Satoh Shunji , Miyake Syogo , Aso Hirotomo 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a method which can be used to extract and correctly recognize patterns by moving the attention point, even if less than the whole pattern is projected on the retina at the start of recognition. In the proposed model, a temporary result of pattern recognition (hypothesis) is generated on the basis of the features which are not affected by the presented position. Then, using the features that depend on the presented position, the attention point is moved while verifying the obtained hypothesis. By repeating the above procedure, the pattern is adequately extracted and recognized. It is shown by computer simulation of the proposed model that adequate extraction and recognition of the pattern are actually realized from its partial presentation. It is also shown that adequate recognition is achieved even if recognition is begun from a situation in which multiple patterns are mixed and presented, or noise is present in the pattern. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(6): 44–54, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20270
Two‐hourly surface change on supra‐tidal rock (Marengo, Victoria, Australia)
Authors: Gómez‐Pujol Lluís , Stephenson Wayne J. , Fornós Joan J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA traversing micro‐erosion meter was used to measure rock surface micro‐topography over 40 cm2 on a supra‐tidal cliff face from early morning to late evening in late spring. From 06:00 hours to 22:00 hours the relative heights of 188 coordinates were obtained using the meter at 2‐hour intervals, resulting in a data set of 1607 readings. Monitoring shows that rock surfaces are dynamic entities, with significant rise and fall relative to the first measurement at shorter timescales than previously reported. The maximum positive rise between readings was 0·261 mm and lowering was 0·126 mm. The pattern of change did not relate as expected to environmental variables such as temperature or insolation. Rather, the surface showed greater surface change in the early morning and late afternoon. It is hypothesized that this pattern relates to the expansion and contraction of lichen thalli as moisture is absorbed during higher humidity in the morning and late afternoon. The implications of these results for weathering studies are considered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rock surface millimetre‐scale roughness and weathering of supratidal Mallorcan carbonate coasts (Balearic Islands)
Authors: Gómez‐Pujol Lluís , Fornós Joan J. , Swantesson Jan O. H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractQuantitative data on rock surface millimetre‐scale roughness are presented concerning the splash and spray geomorphologic domains of two coastal profiles developed on Mediterranean carbonate rocks. Differences of the roughness characteristics are attributed to rock properties, weathering agents and bioerosion. In the splash zone, roughness is related to sparsely distributed patterns of bioerosion, salt weathering and wave attack. In the spray zone, smooth surfaces seem to be the response to the solution processes that predominate, exerting a more homogenous influence on rock surface evolution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐memory forecasting of US monetary indices
Authors: Barkoulas John , Baum Christopher F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSeveral studies have tested for long‐range dependence in macroeconomic and financial time series but very few have assessed the usefulness of long‐memory models as forecast‐generating mechanisms. This study tests for fractional differencing in the US monetary indices (simple sum and divisia) and compares the out‐of‐sample fractional forecasts to benchmark forecasts. The long‐memory parameter is estimated using Robinson's Gaussian semi‐parametric and multivariate log‐periodogram methods. The evidence amply suggests that the monetary series possess a fractional order between one and two. Fractional out‐of‐sample forecasts are consistently more accurate (with the exception of the M3 series) than benchmark autoregressive forecasts but the forecasting gains are not generally statistically significant. In terms of forecast encompassing, the fractional model encompasses the autoregressive model for the divisia series but neither model encompasses the other for the simple sum series.  Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear local electrovascular coupling. I: A theoretical model
Authors: Riera Jorge J. , Wan Xiaohong , Jimenez Juan Carlos , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHere we present a detailed biophysical model of how brain electrical and vascular dynamics are generated within a basic cortical unit. The model was obtained from coupling a canonical neuronal mass and an expandable vasculature. In this proposal, we address several aspects related to electroencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging data fusion: (1) the impact of the cerebral architecture (at different physical levels) on the observations; (2) the physiology involved in electrovascular coupling; and (3) energetic considerations to gain a better understanding of how the glucose budget is used during neuronal activity. The model has three components. The first is the canonical neural mass model of three subpopulations of neurons that respond to incoming excitatory synaptic inputs. The generation of the membrane potentials in the somas of these neurons and the electric currents flowing in the neuropil are modeled by this component. The second and third components model the electrovascular coupling and the dynamics of vascular states in an extended balloon approach, respectively. In the first part we describe, in some detail, the biophysical model and establish its face validity using simulations of visually evoked responses under different flickering frequencies and luminous contrasts. In a second part, a recursive optimization algorithm is developed and used to make statistical inferences about this forward/generative model from actual data. Hum. Brain Mapping 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intelligence and EEG current density using low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA)
Authors: Thatcher R.W. , North D. , Biver C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare EEG current source densities in high IQ subjects vs. low IQ subjects. Resting eyes closed EEG was recorded from 19 scalp locations with a linked ears reference from 442 subjects ages 5 to 52 years. The Wechsler Intelligence Test was administered and subjects were divided into low IQ (≤90), middle IQ (>90 to <120) and high IQ (≥120) groups. Low‐resolution electromagnetic tomographic current densities (LORETA) from 2,394 cortical gray matter voxels were computed from 1–30 Hz based on each subject's EEG. Differences in current densities using t tests, multivariate analyses of covariance, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between IQ and current density in Brodmann area groupings of cortical gray matter voxels. Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions of interest (ROIs) consistently exhibited a direct relationship between LORETA current density and IQ. Maximal t test differences were present at 4 Hz, 9 Hz, 13 Hz, 18 Hz, and 30 Hz with different anatomical regions showing different maxima. Linear regression fits from low to high IQ groups were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Intelligence is directly related to a general level of arousal and to the synchrony of neural populations driven by thalamo‐cortical resonances. A traveling frame model of sequential microstates is hypothesized to explain the results. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mudanças not removalists: Rethinking the management of organizational change
Authors: Badham Richard J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAll successful innovation, including effective human factors interventions, needs to address the problems of organizational inertia as well as active opposition and resistance. Yet our common understanding of how to “manage” such problems—described in this article as the management of organizational change—embodies a restricted and ineffective view of change management. The author proposes an alternative approach, viewing change management as an activity of leading changing institutions. This approach captures the fluid character of change(ing) as an emergent process, the complex social character of human institutions, and the crucial role of leadership in constructing collective goals and purposes in situations of conflict and uncertainty. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 16: 229–245, 2006.
Mechanism of plasmid delivery by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. I. Hepatocyte uptake of various molecules
Authors: Sebestyén Magdolna G. , Budker Vladimir G. , Budker Tatiana , Subbotin Vladimir M. , Zhang Guofeng , Monahan Sean D. , Lewis David L. , Wong So C. , Hagstrom James E. , Wolff Jon A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe hydrodynamic tail vein (HTV) injection of naked plasmid DNA is a simple yet effectivein vivogene delivery method into hepatocytes. It is increasingly being used as a research tool to elucidate mechanisms of gene expression and the role of genes and their cognate proteins in the pathogenesis of disease in animal models. A greater understanding of its mechanism will aid these efforts and has relevance to macromolecular and nucleic acid delivery in general.MethodsIn an attempt to explore how naked DNA enters hepatocytes the fate of a variety of molecules and particles was followed over a 24‐h time frame using fluorescence microscopy. The uptake of some of these compounds was correlated with marker gene expression from a co‐injected plasmid DNA. In addition, the uptake of the injected compounds was correlated with the histologic appearance of hepatocytes.ResultsOut of the large number of nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, inert polymers and small molecules that we tested, most were efficiently delivered into hepatocytes independently of their size and charge. Even T7 phage and highly charged DNA/protein complexes of 60‐100 nm in size were able to enter the cytoplasm. In animals co‐injected with an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) expression vector and fluorescently labeled immunoglobulin (IgG), hepatocytes flooded with large amounts of IgG appeared permanently damaged and did not express EYFP‐Nuc. Hepatocytes expressing EYFP had only slight IgG uptake. In contrast, when an EYFP expression vector was co‐injected with a fluorescently labeled 200‐bp linear DNA fragment, both were mostly (in 91% of the observed cells) co‐localized to the same hepatocytes 24 h later.ConclusionsThe appearance of permanently damaged cells with increased uptake of some molecules such as endogenous IgG raised the possibility that a molecule could be present in a hepatocyte but its transport would not be indicative of the transport process that can lead to foreign gene expression. The HTV procedure enables the uptake of a variety of molecules (as previous studies also found), but the uptake process for some of these molecules may be associated with a more disruptive process to the hepatocytes that is not compatible with successful gene delivery. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of the human calf muscle
Authors: Sinha Shantanu , Sinha Usha , Edgerton V. Reggie 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo calf muscle fiber tracking in human subjects.Materials and MethodsAn EPI‐based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequence with six‐direction diffusion gradient sensitization was implemented, and DT images were acquired at 3 Tesla on five subjects using an extremity coil. The mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy (FA), and fiber angle (with respect to the magnet z‐axis) were measured in different muscles, and fibers were tracked from several regions of interest (ROIs).ResultsThe fiber orientations in the current DTI studies agree well with those determined in previous spectroscopic studies. The orientation angles ranged from 13.4° in the lateral gastrocnemius to 48.5° in the medial soleus. The diffusion ellipsoid in muscle tissue is anisotropic and approximates a prolate model, as shown by color maps of the anisotropy. Fibers were tracked from the different muscle regions, and the unipennate and bipennate structure of muscle fibers was visualized.ConclusionThe study clearly shows that in vivo fiber tracking of muscle fibers is feasible and could potentially be applied to study muscle structure function relationships. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution renal MRA: Comparison of image quality and vessel depiction with different parallel imaging acceleration factors
Authors: Michaely Henrik J. , Herrmann Karin A. , Kramer Harald , Dietrich Olaf , Laub Gerhard , Reiser Maximilian F. , Schoenberg Stefan O. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the image quality and vessel depiction of renal MRA with integrated parallel imaging techniques (iPAT) using acceleration factors of 2 and 3.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective study renal MRA was performed on 14 and 12 patients with acceleration factors of 3 and 2, respectively. For the MRA a 3D‐GRE sequence with an acquired spatial resolution of 0.9 × 0.8 × 1.0 mm3 was applied (TR/TE = 3.79 msec/1.39 msec, FOV = 400 mm × 320 mm, acquired matrix = 512 × 384, flip angle = 25°) on a 32‐channel 1.5T MR scanner. The acquisition time was 26 seconds with iPAT 2, and 19 seconds with iPAT3. All parameters other than acquisition time and acceleration factor were kept constant. To assess the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) we performed repetitive phantom measurements using iPAT 2 and 3. The images were rated by two radiologists in terms of noise, artifacts, and the quality of vessel depiction for the proximal, segmental, and subsegmental renal artery. A Mann‐Whitney U‐test and kappa‐test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsSNR decreased significantly with iPAT 3 in the phantom measurements. The two readers found no difference in noise, but significantly fewer artifacts with iPAT 3. The depiction of segmental vessels was significantly better for both readers with iPAT 3, and the subsegmental vessels were rated significantly better by one reader. iPAT 3 also resulted in a better interreader agreement.ConclusionThe use of iPAT 3 for renal MRA enables a better depiction of the distal parts of the renal artery. The decrease in SNR is not diagnostically impairing. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two isomeric epoxysitosterols from Rhododendron formosanum: 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments
Authors: Krishna Vivek , Chang Chi‐I , Chou Chang‐Hung 
Published: May 2006

Abstract1H and 13C NMR assignments of the two isomeric epoxysitosterols, 5,6α‐epoxy‐5α‐stigmastan‐3β‐ol (1) and 5,6β‐epoxy‐5β‐stigmastan‐3β‐ol (2), isolated from the leaves of Rhododendron formosanum Hemsl were achieved by 1D and 2D techniques such as DEPT, HMBC, HMQC, COSY and NOESY. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation of the intermediate in triethylborane‐mediated radical addition of oxime ethers with 2D‐ and 3D‐DOSY NMR
Authors: Nakakoshi Masamichi , Ueda Masafumi , Sakurai Satoshi , Miyata Okiko , Sugiura Makiko , Naito Takeaki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe structures of the components in the triethylborane‐mediated radical addition reaction of oxime ether were investigated by 1H‐ and 3D‐DOSY NMR methods. It has been impossible to physically separate the unstable intermediates; therefore, the structures were thus far unidentified. It has been possible to elucidate the structures of these unstable intermediates using Diffusion‐Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) methods for the reaction in an NMR tube. The DOSY methods resolved the spectra of each starting compound, intermediate and product having different diffusion coefficients. The structure of the intermediate was shown to be due to the bonding of diethylborane to the nitrogen atom of the alkoxyamino group. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of the stochastic Stokes equations of Wick type
Authors: Manouzi H. , Theting T.G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe propose a finite element method for the numerical solution of the stochastic Stokes equations of the Wick type. We give existence and uniqueness results for the continuous problem and its approximation. Optimal error estimates are derived and algorithmic aspects of the method are discussed. Our method will reduce the problem of solving stochastic Stokes equations to solving a set of deterministic ones. Moreover, one can reconstruct particular realizations of the solution directly from Wiener chaos expansions once the coefficients are available. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
On the maximum principle and its application to diffusion equations
Authors: Stys̆ T. , Motsumi T. , Daman O. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this article, an analog of the maximum principle has been established for an ordinary differential operator associated with a semi‐discrete approximation of parabolic equations. In applications, the maximum principle is used to prove O(h2) and O(h4) uniform convergence of the method of lines for the diffusion Equation (1). The system of ordinary differential equations obtained by the method of lines is solved by an implicit predictor corrector method. The method is tested by examples with the use of the enclosed Mathematica module solveDiffusion. The module solveDiffusion gives the solution by O(h2) uniformly convergent discrete scheme or by O(h4) uniformly convergent discrete scheme. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Domain decomposition for time‐dependent problems using radial based meshless methods
Authors: Chinchapatnam Phani P. , Djidjeli K. , Nair Prasanth B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this article, we present meshless overlapping Schwarz additive and multiplicative domain decomposition schemes for time‐dependent problems using radial basis functions. The proposed schemes are compared with the global radial basis function collocation method and an explicit multizone domain decomposition method (Wong et al.,Comput Math Appl 37 (1999), 23–43) by solving an unsteady convection‐diffusion problem for various Peclet numbers. Stability analysis of the presented schemes suggest that for radial basis functions incorporating a free shape parameter, the freedom of varying the shape parameter decreases with increase in the number of collocation points. Numerical studies show that the ill‐conditioning problem of global radial basis function collocation method is reduced by the proposed Schwarz schemes. Also, with an increase in the number of subdomains the efficiency of the Schwarz schemes increases with a slight loss in the accuracy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
The pattern of vertebral osteophyte development in a South African population
Authors: Van der Merwe A. E. , Işcan M. Y. , L'Abbè E. N. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractVertebral osteophytosis is recognised by outgrowths of bone on the margins of the vertebral body. These spurs have been shown to increase with age and are usually caused by increased spinal pressure. The purpose of this paper is to describe the pattern and severity of osteophyte development in the vertebral columns of male and female South Africans. A total of 101 male and 117 female morphologically normal vertebral columns were investigated. Osteophytes were visually assessed and scored between 0 (no osteophytosis present) and 4 (osteophytes fused together). The highest frequency and degree of projections was on C5, T11, T12, L3, L4 and L5, whereas the lowest frequency was observed on T2 and L1 in females and T2 in males. In both the cervical and lumbar regions, osteophyte development was significantly more pronounced in males than females. Possible reasons for differential osteophytic development throughout the vertebral column include the position of the vertebrae in relation to the line of gravity, mobility of the joint and weight bearing. A description of the normal pattern of osteophytic development across the spine is of great importance for the future development of reliable age‐at‐death techniques for South African groups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.