bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of glucosinolates using electrospray ion trap and electrospray quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Fabre Nicolas , Poinsot Véréna , Debrauwer Laurent , Vigor Claire , Tulliez Jacques , Fourasté Isabelle , Moulis Claude 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwelve naturally occurring glucosinolates displaying alkenyl, hydroxylated, methylsulphinyl, aromatic and indole side chains were investigated by both negative and positive ion electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS). In order to resolve the MS/MS spectra obtained from the anion and cation molecular ions of glucosinolates, the different fragments were investigated by MSn experiments using an ion trap spectrometer. The MS3 spectra obtained permitted possible fragmentation schemes to be proposed. These were supported by accurate mass measurements of some characteristic diagnostic ions with the help of a quadrupole time‐of‐flight instrument. The negative ion ESI‐MS/MS behaviour of the different glucosinolates investigated in this study confirmed previously described patterns and revealed new interesting structural informative fragments. Some are common to all the glucosinolates and others are highly specific for a type of variable side chain. The positive ion ESI‐MS/MS fragments obtained from the [MNa + Na]+ or [MK + K]+ molecular ions did not provide complementary specific diagnostic ions. Nevertheless, when compared with the negative ion mode, the daughter ions appeared more homogenous and with a better relative abundance for all of the 12 compounds studied. Moreover, the positive ion mode appeared to be more efficient than the negative mode for the study of methoxylated glucosinolates and should be useful to detect the glucosinolates present as organic salts in crude plant extracts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of saponins in the kernel cake of Balanites aegyptiaca by HPLC‐ESI/MS
Authors: Chapagain Bishnu P. , Wiesman Zeev 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe kernel cake produced from Balanites aegyptiaca fruit of Israeli origin was analysed for its saponin constituents using high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS). The HPLC was equipped with a reversed‐phase C18 column and a refractive index detector (RID), and elution was isocratic with methanol and water (70:30). The MS system was equipped with electrospray ionisation (ESI). Nine compounds were chromatographically separated, their masses were determined in the negative ion mode and subsequent fragmentation of each component was carried out. From the nine components, six saponins with molecular masses of 1196, 1064, 1210, 1224, 1078 and 1046 Da were identified, with the compound of mass 1210 Da being the main saponin (ca. 36%). Saponins with masses of 1224 and 1046 Da have not been previously reported in B. aegyptiaca. In all saponins, diosgenin was found to be the sole aglycone. This study shows that HPLC‐ESI/MS is a quick and reliable technique for characterizing the saponins from kernel cake of B. aegyptiaca. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study on tensioned‐web slot coating
Authors: Lin Fang‐Ho , Liu Chi‐Ming , Liu Ta‐Jo , Wu Ping‐Yao 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTensioned‐web slot coating (TWSC) technology was developed in the early 1980s and was considered an efficient method for thin liquid film coating. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of several key parameters on the minimum wet thickness of TWSC. The experiment was performed on a pilot coater with dilute Newtonian poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) solutions as test fluids coating on polyethylene‐terephthalate (PET) substrates. It was found that the minimum wet thickness for TWSC was between 0.5 and 1.5 μm, which is much lower than that obtained using conventional slot die coating. The minimum wet thickness was proportional to the tension number TN, which is defined as the ratio of fluid viscous force over web tension. Furthermore, on the basis of the experimental data, two additional dimensionless groups: dimensionless pressure PN and dimensionless surface tension LN were found to be relevant to the performance of TWSC. A universal correlation involving these dimensionless groups as well as the die geometry was used to predict the minimum wet thickness of TWSC. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:841–851, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Nanovoid relaxation in a series of copolyester glasses under cyclic loading using synchronous PALS
Authors: Sun Nanjian , Liu Jianwei , Dull Terry , Yee Albert F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examines if correlation between a specific molecular motion and the growth and relaxation of nanovoids, which are precursors to crazes, can be established. A novel technique, positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) synchronized with cyclic stress, is reported. In this technique the positronium annihilation signal was accumulated in sixteen channels corresponding to sixteen phases of the sinusoidal load, which allowed statistically significant data for nanovoid generation and relaxation due to the fluctuating stress to be accumulated. This technique was applied to a series of copolymers of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(1,4‐cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT). Previous studies have shown that the cyclohexylene rings in the main chain of PCT actively undergo chair‐boat‐chair conformational transitions in the glassy PCT at around room temperature. The PET‐co‐PCT series was also chosen for this study because the crazing stress increases systematically with the cyclohexylene content. The synchronized PALS data are consistent with the hypothesis that transient nanovoids generated by the cyclic stress in polymers containing more cyclohexylene rings relax more readily than those with fewer rings. The results also correlate well with the crazing stress in this series of copolymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1410–1417, 2007
Mechanical properties and inhomogeneous nanostructures of dicyandiamide‐cured epoxy resins
Authors: Kishi Hajime , Naitou Takemi , Matsuda Satoshi , Murakami Atsushi , Muraji Yuichi , Nakagawa Yoshitsugu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDicyandiamide (DICY)‐cured epoxy resins are important materials for structural adhesives and matrix resins for fiber reinforced prepregs. The objective of this study was to examine the mechanical and physical properties as well as the gel structures of the cured resins and discuss the relationships among them. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) oligomers were chosen as the common chemical structure of the epoxy resins. Four kinds of resin mixtures were formulated using the seven types of DGEBA oligomers having different molecular weight distributions. Three resin formulations having bimodal‐type molecular weight distributions were designed to have almost identical rubbery plateau values of the storage modulus in dynamic mechanical analyses after curing, means that they had almost equivalent average crosslink density and basic chemical structure. However, the toughness, ductility, and environmental (heat and solvent) resistance of these three formulations were different. Atomic force microscopy revealed the existence of inhomogeneous nanoscale gel structures in these cured resins. The morphological differences in the gel structures in terms of their size, the connectivity, and the relative magnitude of the heterogeneity would cause the difference in several properties of the DICY‐cured epoxy resins. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1425–1434, 2007
Inhibition of fatty acid synthase activity in prostate cancer cells by dutasteride
Authors: Schmidt Lucy J. , Ballman Karla V. , Tindall Donald J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPURPOSEWith malignant progression to androgen independence, prostate cancer cells develop resistance to apoptosis and exhibit a variety of gene expression changes, including increased fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression. Increased FASN expression has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis, and correspondingly, the FASN gene has been proposed as a therapeutic target. Because FASN is an androgen regulated gene in the prostate, we have examined the effects of dutasteride on FASN in prostate cancer cells in vitro. Dutasteride is a novel dual inhibitor of the 5 alpha‐reductase enzymes and is currently in use both for treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and in the reduction by dutasteride of prostate cancer events (REDUCE) prostate cancer prevention trial.METHODSMicroarray analysis was used to identify genes affected by treatment with dutasteride, followed by real time PCR confirmation. FASN expression at the protein level was examined using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Enzymatic activity of FASN was assayed by 14C‐labeled malonyl‐CoA incorporation. Viability after dutasteride treatment was assayed by MTS (Promega) and apoptosis via caspase 3/7 by DEVD cleavage assay.RESULTSWe have demonstrated that the 5 alpha‐reductase inhibitor dutasteride, at clinically relevant levels, inhibits FASN mRNA, protein expression and enzymatic activity in prostate cancer cells.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first study to examine the effects of clinically relevant levels of dutasteride on prostate cancer cells at the molecular level and specifically, demonstrating the inhibition of FASN in these cells. Prostate 67: 1111–1120, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility of constructing tissue microarrays from diagnostic prostate biopsies
Authors: Singh Swaroop S. , Mehedint Diana C. , Ford O. Harris , Maygarden Susan J. , Ruiz Bernardo , Mohler James L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOBJECTIVESThe ability to construct prostate tissue microarrays (TMAs) using prostate needle biopsies could allow high throughput molecular profiling to search for prostate cancer prognostic biomarkers.MATERIALS AND METHODSDiagnostic prostate biopsies from 13 patients (diagnosed 1996–2000) were obtained from the University of North Carolina (UNC) to construct one prostate TMA under uniform conditions. A second prostate TMA was attempted using diagnostic prostate biopsies from 45 patients (diagnosed 2004) obtained from the North Carolina–Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP).RESULTSEleven men had sufficient prostate cancer in their diagnostic prostate biopsy blocks to construct a UNC TMA that yielded six‐micron sections that provided an average of 76% of cores (maximum 99%) to a depth of 360 µm. Diagnostic prostate biopsy blocks from 35 PCaP research subjects were unsuitable for TMA construction as a result of no remaining prostate cancer in 4, insufficient prostate cancer in 9, and insufficient prostate tissue in 22. The PCaP TMA constructed from 10 men yielded an average of 37%, and a maximum of 45%, of cores when sectioned to a depth of 360 µm.CONCLUSIONSTMAs may be constructed from diagnostic prostate biopsies obtained at an academic center under uniform conditions. However, excessive facing of blocks and the large number of re‐cuts ordered by many community pathology laboratories deplete diagnostic prostate biopsy tissue. The experience of a population‐based study of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer in Louisiana and North Carolina suggests that TMAs may not be constructed using diagnostic prostate biopsies from men diagnosed with prostate cancer throughout the United States. Prostate 67: 1011–1018, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secreted frizzled‐related protein 4 inhibits proliferation and metastatic potential in prostate cancer
Authors: Horvath Lisa G. , Lelliott Jayne E. , Kench James G. , Lee C.‐Soon , Williams Elizabeth D. , Saunders Darren N. , Grygiel John J. , Sutherland Robert L. , Henshall Susan M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDSecreted frizzled‐related proteins (sFRP4) inhibits Wnt signaling and thus cellular proliferation in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells in vitro. However, increased expression of membranous sFRP4 is associated with a good prognosis in human localized androgen‐dependent prostate cancer, suggesting a role for sFRP4 in early stage disease. Here, we investigated the phenotype of sFRP4 overexpression in an androgen‐dependent prostate cancer model.METHODSAn sFRP4‐overexpressing androgen‐dependent (LNCaP) prostate cancer model was established to assess changes in cellular proliferation, the expression, and subcellular localization of adhesion molecules and cellular invasiveness, and compared with the findings in sFRP4‐overexpressing androgen‐independent cells (PC3).RESULTSsFRP4 overexpression in both cell line models resulted in a morphologic change to a more epithelioid cell type with increased localization of β‐catenin and cadherins (E‐cadherin in LNCaP, N‐cadherin in PC3) to the cell membrane. Functionally, sFRP4 overexpression was associated with a decreased rate of proliferation (P = 0.0005), decreased anchorage‐independent growth (P < 0.001), and decreased invasiveness in PC3 cells (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, increased membranous sFRP4 expression was associated with increased membranous β‐catenin expression (P = 0.02) in a cohort of 224 localized human androgen‐dependent prostate cancers.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that sFRP4 is an inhibitor of prostate cancer growth and invasion in vitro independent of androgen receptor (AR) signaling with correlative evidence in human androgen‐dependent disease suggesting similar changes in the clinical setting. Consequently, potential therapeutic strategies to modulate Wnt signaling by sFRP4 will be relevant to both localized androgen‐dependent prostate cancer and advanced metastatic disease. Prostate 67: 1081–1090, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal MAV operations in an uncertain environment
Authors: Pachter Meir , Chandler Phillip R. , Darbha Swaroop 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a problem of sequential resource allocation. Such a problem arises in a simplified intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance scenario where a micro air vehicle (MAV) is tasked with classification in an environment with false, that is, clutter, targets. The MAV visits the objects of interest in a specified sequence. A human operator is tasked with aiding the MAV's automatic target recognition system with the classification of objects, based on the images sent to him from the MAVs. If the images do not resolve the ambiguity concerning the status of the object being classified, the operator may request that the object be revisited. In this paper, for the sake of exposition of the employed methods and clarity of presentation, we assume that every object may be revisited at most once. Each object can be revisited and re‐examined in L⩾ 1 ways. There is an information gain whose value is given by the running reward. The information gain depends on the way an object is re‐examined, and the feedback from the operator but it is the same for all the objects. There is a random operator delay in communicating his findings to the MAV and the probability density function of the delay is assumed known. The MAV has a limited fuel reserve and upon getting feedback from the operator (and hence, knowing the delay associated with the object of interest only and not with those that it must revisit in the future), it must decide whether to revisit the object and if so, which of the L ways is optimal so as to maximize the total expected reward. In every revisit, fuel is expended from the reserve and is proportional to twice the delay plus a fixed cost, which is dependent on the way in which the object is re‐examined. We employ a stochastic dynamic programming approach to solve this problem. Specifically, for the case when L = 1, we show that there is an optimal threshold for each object and it is optimal to revisit the object if the delay is at most the threshold and not to revisit otherwise. For the case when L > 1, the structure of the optimal decision algorithm is not as simple, but it can be computed off‐line so as to facilitate its real‐time implementation. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nonlinear model predictive control approach for robust end‐point property control of a thin‐film deposition process
Authors: Nagy Zoltán K. , Allgöwer Frank 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAlthough an increasing number of simulation and experimental evaluation studies show the advantages of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), generally in practice processes are operated using open‐loop input and reference trajectories. NMPC strategies can address explicitly constraints and nonlinearities during the feedback control of batch processes. However, the control performance is strongly dependent on the quality of the model used in the controller. Although generally in the nominal case good performance can be achieved, disturbances and model uncertainties can have drastic influence on the control performance, and might even lead to instability. The paper presents an NMPC algorithm that explicitly takes parameter uncertainty into account in the controller designs. The shrinking horizon NMPC algorithm minimizes a weighted sum of the nominal performance objective, an estimate of the variance of the performance objective, and an integral of the deviation of the control trajectory from the nominal optimal control trajectory. The robust performance is quantified by estimates of the distribution of the performance index along the batch run obtained by a power series expansion about the control trajectory. The potential advantages of the proposed robust NMPC in the microelectronics industry are demonstrated using an example process of thin‐film deposition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Workflows and cooperative processes
Authors: Estublier Jacky , Garcia Sergio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWorkflows emphasize the partial order of activities, and the flow of data between activities. In contrast, cooperative processes emphasize the sharing of artefact, and its gradual evolution toward the final product, under the cooperative and concurrent activities of all the involved actors.This article contrasts workflow and cooperative processes and shows that they are more complementary than conflicting and that, provided some extensions, both approaches can fit into a single tool and formalism.This article presents Celine, a concurrent engineering tool that can also define and support classic workflows and software processes. We claim that the availability of both classes of features allows for the modeling and support of very flexible processes, closer to software engineering reality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreased numerical density of CA3 hippocampal mossy fiber synapses in schizophrenia
Authors: Kolomeets Natalya S. , Orlovskaya Diana D. , Uranova Natalya A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe CA3 region of the hippocampus is unique in its connectivity, its role in cognitive maintenance, and its great vulnerability in schizophrenia. The down regulation of the expression and binding activity of glutamate receptors was revealed in the CA3 hippocampal region and may be attributed to cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia. Our previous study demonstrated that only schizophrenics with predominantly positive (but not predominantly negative) symptoms had smaller‐sized branched spines (thorny excrescences) of CA3 pyramidal neurons and fewer synaptic contacts formed by dentate mossy fiber terminals (MFT‐synapses). In the present study, we used an unbiased stereological physical dissector method to verify whether the numerical density of MFT‐synapses is altered in schizophrenia. A morphometric study was performed in 10 normal controls and eight age‐matched cases with chronic schizophrenia, including five cases with predominantly positive and three with predominantly negative symptoms. Schizophrenic cases had a significantly reduced numerical density of MFT‐synapses (−25%, P < 0.01) compared with the control group. The decrease was similar in schizophrenic subgroups with predominantly positive and predominantly negative symptoms. No effects of postmortem delay, age, duration of disease, and neuroleptic exposure were found. Taken together with our previous results, the data suggest that the decrease of numerical density of MFT‐synapses may be the result of different mechanisms in schizophrenics with predominantly positive and predominantly negative symptoms. Synapse 61:615–621, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and fetopathology in the evaluation of fetal posterior fossa non‐cystic abnormalities
Authors: Tilea B. , Delezoide A. L. , Khung‐Savatovski S. , Guimiot F. , Vuillard E. , Oury J. F. , Garel C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fetopathological findings in the evaluation of non‐cystic fetal posterior fossa anomalies and to describe associated abnormalities.MethodsThis was a prospective study from 2000 to 2005 of fetuses identified on ultrasound as having sonographic suspicion of posterior fossa malformation. All underwent a thorough MRI examination of the fetal brain, after which we classified each fetus as presenting one of the following pathologies: vermian hypoplasia or agenesis, cerebellar and/or brain stem hypoplasia, destructive or dysplastic lesions. All of the pregnancies were then terminated, after which the whole fetus underwent fetopathological examination. We compared the findings from MRI and fetopathological examinations and recorded the associated cerebral and extracerebral abnormalities.ResultsTwenty‐five fetuses were included. MRI was performed at a mean gestational age of 31 weeks, and fetopathological examination at 33 weeks. In 12 cases we observed vermian hypoplasia, six had partial vermian agenesis, 11 had cerebellar hemisphere hypoplasia, seven had brain stem hypoplasia, four had destructive lesions and six had dysplastic lesions. The two techniques were similar in their performance with respect to the detection of vermian agenesis, brain stem hypoplasia and destructive lesions. There were four false‐positive results of MRI for vermian hypoplasia and a poor agreement regarding cerebellar hemisphere hypoplasia. No dysplastic lesions were diagnosed by MRI. None of the posterior fossa malformations was isolated and many cerebral and extracerebral abnormalities were found.ConclusionA systematic analysis of the posterior fossa in fetal MRI makes it possible to diagnose accurately most posterior fossa malformations. These malformations never occurred in isolation in our study. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.