bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wasser — Sphinx unter den Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Kümmel R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWater is a rather peculiar substance with respect to a wide variety of static and dynamic properties. It can be considered as a highly organized complex liquid with a complicated structure determined by extended hydrogen bondings. Mixture models and continuum models have been developed to explain the structural features of liquid water, both of them being approximative and hitherto not at all convincing. Aqueous solutions can be discussed in terms of structure breaking and structure making solutes. The most surprising and fascinating properties of water and its outstanding importance require further detailed and unusual investigations.
Der Einfluß von Erdölkohlenwasserstoffen auf die Primärproduktion des Donauplanktons
Authors: Tomajka J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDanube river water samples were saturated with mineral oil, and then the primary production (gross) was determined by means of the light‐dark bottle method (oxygen) in situ at depths of 0.1… 1.5 m in comparison with untreated samples. Samples were exposed for half a solar day alternately during the first and second half‐days. Investigations carried out between March and October for periods of 14 days showed a mean production of 2.56 g · m−2d−1 O2, which was reduced by 36% due to 12.6 mg/l hydrocarbons. Production decreases with the water depth from 6.2 to 0.9 mg · l−1d−1 02, whereas the inhibition by hydrocarbons increases from 31 to 41%.
Hämatologische, enzymatische und histologische Untersuchungen an Fischen der Weser im Mai 1983
Authors: Halsband E. , Halsband I. , Romestand B. , Dzuvić A. , Radtjković B. , Marić D. , Jürgensen S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe momentary condition concerning the haematological, physiological, macro‐and microscopical constitution of the fishes of the Weser at Grohnde was investigated.The fishes were caught electrically at 22 positions in front of and behind the power‐station at Grohnde. In the experiments the blood parameters, the biochemical, enzymatical, parasitological and microscopical changes of several species of fishes were analysed.You can see the details of these changes in the figures and pictures of the publication. It is supposed that organic toxic substances are given into the river in front of the power station, because in this region an industrial undertaking is posted.But also the general water quality of the Weser shows a significant toxicological degree, though the content of salt had been reduced in the former time.One can see that at all positions the blood parameters have changed, we also found haemorrhages in the gills, liver, kidney and spleen, little blood swellings, lymphocysts, necrosis, external and internal parasites, enzymatical changes and inflammations of the liver, kidney and myocard in the fishes. The investigations are being continued.
Studies on the Treatment of Distillery Effluents by Anaerobic Filters
Authors: Schulze E. , Behrens U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present work the kinetics and the feasibility of batch anaerobic filter operations for the treatment of beet molasses distillery slops have been investigated.Up to 50% of the influent COD up to 25 g/l are removed after 5… 10 h and up to 80% after 24… 40 h treating time. Highest removal rates were obtained for 50% removal and influent COD concentration ≧13 kg. m−3. The highest methane productivity was observed in the same range of COD influent concentration during the first 10 hours (initial velocity) of the treatment.The benefits of the anaerobic treatment of waste water applying systems with biomass retention are discussed.
A Problem of the Optimal Adaptation of a Bacterial Culture to a Toxic Substrates in Continuous Flow Conditions
Authors: Teodorova S. E. , Sivriev I. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA model of bacterial culture, utilizing a toxic substrate in continuous flow conditions' is discussed in the present paper. The relative velocity of microorganisms growth is expressed by means of a formula proposed by us, grounded on the analogy of a model of an irreversibly inhibited enzymatic reaction. It is assumed that the integral parameter characterizing the damage of the bacterial cell by a toxic agent may be considered a slow variable in regard to the variation of the biomass and substrate concentrations. An equation for the evolution of this parameter is proposed. A problem of minimum time adaptation of the bacterial population is proposed as a time optimal control problem that is solved on the basis of the Pontryagin maximum principle. This model provides a possibility of studying some regularities in the adaptation mechanism of the microorganisms destroying toxic substances. The same model can also be used to forecast the optimal regimes in cultivation of bacterial cultures that play an essential role in the biological self‐purification of various water pools.
Zur Bewertung der Analytik und Interpretation des Gruppenparameters “Extrahierbares organisch gebundenes Halogen” von Wässern
Authors: Neupert L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOrganohalogen compounds are gaining in importance in the control of surface and drinking water due to their unwholesome properties. An accumulation of the organohalogen compounds, occurring mostly at low concentrations, is possible in different ways. The author discusses the possibility and problems of the extractability from waters with the aid of organic solvents. The group parameter EOX that can be determined does not allow any statement concerning components of individual substances, but gives some clues to the state of surface and drinking waters which are mostly anthropogenically polluted. Results of practical examples as well as theoretical considerations indicate the importance of the different distribution coefficients in the solvent/water extraction system. The degree of extraction can be considerably increased by the application of suitable mixtures of solvents. In waters with a known composition, the probably detectable EOX‐quantity can be calculated by means of theoretical degrees of extraction.
Dünnschichtchromatographische Analyse primärer aromatischer Amine, Chlorphenole, Phenole und einiger herbizider Wirkstoffgruppen im Wasser
Authors: Lawerenz A. , Goralczyk H. , Hermenau H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter an extractive enrichment from a water sample of 1.5 l and a preliminary separation into a neutral/basic fraction and an acidic fraction, individual groups of substances are separated with the aid of several mobile solvents and different sorbents and detected by means of selected reagents or under ultraviolet light. In this way, 45 individual compounds of the mentioned groups of substances can be determined. A semiquantitative determination within the ppb‐range is possible by a comparison of spots with reference substances in known quantities.
Saprobiologische Untersuchungen der Kleinalgenflora in einem Brackgewässer (Darß‐Zingster Boddenkette)
Authors: Podelleck R. , Pankow H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOn the basis of investigations into periphyton for three years as well as selected physical and chemical criteria of water quality at eight stations with different wastewater load there were classified initially 52 algal taxa with respect to their saprobic indicative values: 4 oligoto β‐mesosaprobic, 23 β‐mesosaprobic, 19 β‐ to α‐mesosaprobic, 6 α‐mesosaprobic. Their distribution and ecological demands are shortly discussed. The degree of saprobity, expressed as the index of saprobity according to PANTLE and BUCK proves to be very suitable for the documentation of ecological changes at wastewater inlet points and their environment. Finally, proposals for an ecological classification of coastal waters by their trophic state and anthropogenic load are derived from the results of investigation by analogy with the corresponding classification of stagnant inland waters.
Occurrence in Water and Waste Water of E. coli and Coliform Bacteria Carrying R‐Plasmids Part 3: Plasmids Encoding Gentamicin, Trimethoprim or Streptothricin Resistance
Authors: Tschäpe H. , Tietze E. , Prager R. , Heier H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBefore the introduction of gentamicin, trimethoprim, or streptothricins for therapeutic or ergotropic purposes in the GDR respective resistance plasmids could not be detected in enteric bacteria from sewage, surface water or clinical specimens, even if the selection was carried out on drug containing media. After a certain time of continuous drug application the rise of particular plasmids encoding gentamicin (IncM), trimethoprim (IncI5), or streptothricin resistance (IncW3) was observed much earlier in enteric bacteria from sewage, waste water and surface water than in bacteria from clinical sources. These observations were further supported by surveying other plasmid species encoding gentamicin (IncOF, IncD, IncC), trimethoprim (IncK, IncZ, IncFII, IncN, IncW3), or streptothricin (IncI2, IncX, IncFII, IncI1, IncS, IncN) resistance. They appeared also at first in bacteria from sewage and surface water, then, some time later, in bacteria from clinical sources. Therefore, one must admit a key position of sewage and surface water for the surveillance of infectious drug resistance.
Alteration in the Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of a Freshwater Prawn after in vitro Aldrin Exposure
Authors: Omkar  
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn vitro effects of aldrin on acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in various tissues, viz. hepatopancreas, stomach, muscle, gill and brain, of a freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lamarrei have been studied. Aldrin exposure inhibited the activities of both the phosphatases in all the tissues and this inhibition in enzyme activity showed a dose‐dependent response. The results were discussed in relation to in vivo findings and it is concluded that aldrin causes some enzymological changes and thereby creates widespread disturbance in the metabolism.
Toxicity of Pesticides to Fecundity, Hatchability and Survival of Young Snails ofLymnaea acuminata
Authors: Singh D. K. , Agarwal R. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of carbaryl and phorate on the fecundity and hatchability of the snailLymnaea acuminata, the survival of young snails were studied. It was observed that the fecundity ofLymnaea acuminatawas reduced only at the 11.00 mg/l concentration of carbaryl and phorate, whereas a time‐ and dose dependent reduction in the hatchability of exposed eggs and the survival of young snails was observed.
Beziehungen zwischen der Wasserqualität des Großen Müggelsees und der Zooplanktonentwicklung
Authors: Mothes G. , Krocker M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of measurements carried out for several years in the Müggel Lake of Berlin are graphically evaluated in diagrams and interpreted with respect to the relation between phytoplankton, zooplankton and transparency depth. During the vegetation period, phytoplankton maxima are succeeded by maxima of herbivorous zooplankton; the transparency depth increasing up to two and more metres. With the decrease of the available food decreases the rate of development of zooplankton, and due to predatory animals the filtration efficiency of herbivores is reduced. Now, the mass development of phytoplankton increases again and the transparency depth decreases. The weak oxygen production resulting from the decimation of phytoplankton and the high oxygen consumption of zooplankton cause a pronounced oxygen deficiency in the lake at the clear‐water stage. Further results concerning the conditions and the nutritional chain in the Müggel Lake and their influences on the transparency depth are discussed.
Phycoperiphyton Development on an Artificial Substrate in the River Wye System, Wales, U. K. Part 2: Population Dynamics
Authors: Antoine S. E. , Benson‐Evans K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe temporal and spatial fluctuations of the main algal phyla and the constant species colonising Perspex slides were studied. Higher algal counts were noted during the warmer periods of the year and lower ones during the winter months. The Bacillariophyta dominated the other algal phyla and greatly affected the total biomass. The Chlorophyta were represented by a few species which were regarded as plankton fall‐out.The diatom species showed various, inconsistent relationships with different environmental variables. It was concluded that not only the environmental variables affected the colonisation and growth of benthic algae, but also others, such as smoothness of the surface of the Perspex slides, duration of colonisation period, accumulation of silt and detritus on the slide, the competition for limited spaces and selectivity of the Perspex slides for certain species.Several species colonising both the Perspex slides and stone surfaces either failed to correlate significantly between themselves or were not correlated at all. Several others were only correlated significantly at some stations and not correlated at others. It was therefore concluded that the Perspex slides affected the algal species in an unpredictable manner at the different sampling sites and so rendered the method unreliable for reflecting true ecological changes.
The Influence of a Teleost Clarias batrachus (L.) on the Behaviour of Different Species of Nitrogen in Water
Authors: Jana B. B. , Sengupta S. , Sinha M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDifferent experimental conditions (fed large, fed small, starved large, starved small groups, batch offered ration during experiment and low fish loading for a constant volume of water) of the carnivorous fish Clarias batrachus resulted in marked changes in the concentration of different N species (ammonium‐N, nitrate‐N, nitrate‐N, organic‐N as well as the sum of all forms of N) in aquaria water. Organic forms of nitrogen were the most important species of nitrogen excreted by the test fish. The maintenance nitrogen excretion rate was distinctly higher in larger fishes than in smaller ones. Different species of N were found to differ significantly depending upon the fed or starved conditions as well as small or large groups. A reduced level of oxygen in experimental aquaria inhibited the synthesis of nitrate which was maximum in control aquaria with considerably higher values of oxygen.
Migration und Translokation von Blei und Cadmium im Lysimeterversuch
Authors: Schulz F. , Gerlich W. , Schwan M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 18 field lysimeters (area 1 m2, depth 1 m, couch‐grass Dactylis glomerata L.) there has been investigated for two years the influence of 100, 250 und 1000 mg/kg Pb‐load and of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg Cd‐load on the migration of heavy metals into the ground‐water and their translocation into plants for different soil types (sand and loamy sand), different irrigation (180 or 360 mm/a) and four different fertilization levels. As a result of high dosages of urea, the pH‐value decreased in the percolates of the sandy soil; this leads to an exponential increase of the heavy‐metal loads and concentrations, whereas the soil loading level does not show any significant influence after two years. On the other hand, the heavy‐metal content in the biomass depends significantly on the nature and loading of soil and it increases with the level of contamination from 1 to 8 mg/kg Pb and from 0.2 to 1 mg/kg Cd.
Gaschromatographische Spurenanalyse von leichtflüchtigen Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen in Wässern mittels simultaner ECD/FID‐Detektion
Authors: Stottmeister E. , Hendel P. , Engewald W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe substances which are expulsed from the water sample by a nitrogen current are first adsorbed on a column filled with Tenax GC and subsequently expulsed at 200° and fed into the gas‐chromatographic column. The parallel detection improves the identification of individual substances and makes the detection of aromatics possible at the same time. Characteristics of the process (detection limit, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, rate of retrieval) are determined and examples of analysis are given. For a water sample of 10 ml the detection limit lies at or below 1 μg/l.
Zur Adsorption von Farbstoffen und Farbstoffablaugen an hochsilicatischen Adsorbentien mit Schicht‐ und Raumnetzstruktur
Authors: Bergk K.‐H. , Jurkschat J. , Schwieger W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe adsorption of Crypur‐red BL, Crypur‐yellow‐brown and substances from spent lyes of the dyes Crypur‐red GTL and Crypur‐yellow‐brown on silicate‐rich adsorbents is investigated. The ZSM‐type zeolites do not have any advantages as against alkali phyllosilicates and silica gel. The adsorbed quantities of dye are less than 10 mg dye/g adsorbent. In the low concentration range the adsorption isotherms correspond to the Langmuir equation. The treatment of spent lyes of dye results in a lowering of the COD‐Mn by 90 %, at most.
Sorption of Ammonium‐Ions by Clinoptilolite and by Strongly Acidic Cation Exchangers
Authors: Vokáčová M. , Matêjka Z. , Eliášek J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sorption capacity of two natural sorbents of different origin and of Wofatit KPS is determined by dynamic laboratory investigations and the influence of a thermal pretreatment of clinoptilolite, of the type and quantity of regenerants and of the presence of other cations is investigated. There are represented results of the ammonia removal from biologically treated municipal wastewater and of the removal of caesium‐ions from laundry wastewaters. The capacity of clinoptilolite is lower than that of the ion‐exchange resin, but clinoptilolite has the advantage of a considerably higher affinity for ammonium‐ions, so that it can be used also in the presence of other salts in water to be treated. The ammonium concentration should not exceed 30 mg/l, in order to avoid too short filter runs.
Effect of Individual Phenolic Compounds and of their Mixtures on Luminous Bacteria. Part 4: Causes of the Weakening of p‐ and o‐Dphenol Toxicity by Other Phenols
Authors: Stom D. J. , Geel T. A. , Balayan A. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperimental data are presented favouring a hypothesis of the elimination of quinones formed in the presence of hydroquinone oxidation in a mixture with other phenols. Results obtained on decreases of the quinone quantities in the mixture correlate with the data on a decrease of their toxicity for luminous bacteria.
Analytik und Vorkommen des Thiocyanates in der Meeresumwelt
Authors: Weuffena W. , Brügmann L. , Thürkow B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStarting from the working hypothesis that thiocyanate is ubiquitous in the animate nature, marine samples (sediment, zooplankton and sea water) were investigated. In the sediment of the Western Baltic Sea there were found 0.3… 1.0 and in the zooplankton 2… 6 mg/kg thiocyanate in the dry weight. Values of 3… 4 μg/I resulted for sea water (Baltic and Atlantic).The analytical determinations were made by the use of modified techniques, on the one hand, by the isolation of thiocyanate after its conversion into hydrogen cyanide with a subsequent spectrophotometric measurement (sediment) and, on the other hand, by paper‐chromatographic separation, conversion into cyanogen bromide and its gas‐chromatographic detection (sediment, zooplankton).
Harnstoffbestimmung im Wasser
Authors: Gunkel K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor a prolonged time a photometric method of analysis for determining the urea content in waters was tested by the author. With this method, the urea component of the water sample is hydrolysed into ammonium‐ions and photometered by the use of a new indophenol‐blue technique (selected methods of water analysis. 1985) with the Spekol at 546 nm. The ammonium content of the untreated water sample should be taken into account in the explanatory method of calculation of the urea content. If the state of the water sample is unchanged, urea concentrations of up to about 60 mg/I can be determined. The detection limit is at 0.15… 0.20 mg/I.
Das Angespül des Greifswalder Boddens
Authors: Subklew H.‐J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAccording to the prevailing plant species, the types of washed‐ashore matter of Zostera, Ceramium‐Fucus and reed can be distinguished, and in addition also Potamogeton, Cordylophora, Ectocarpus, Cladophora, Mytilus and Mya, which may be determinant in the washedashore matter for short periods of time. According to the level, there are distinguished swash marks of alternating water, flood water and storm tides. According to appearance and shape, there are distinguished threads and strips, net‐like or flat deposits and dams being up to 1 m high. In the washed‐ashore matter there were detected 14 plant species, 16 species of invertebrates, 12 fish species and 6 species of birds as well as 9 forms of inanimate hard substances. It is estimated that 5000 t fresh matter are washed ashore per year at a beach length of 80 km. Its natural processing and its economic utilization in former times are described.
Hauptkomponentenanalyse und Hauptkomponentendisplay als Methode zur multivariaten Datenanalyse und Mustererkennung
Authors: Henrion A. , Henrion R. , Henrion G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe principle of the method for analysing large data sets is explained and a programming proposal in BASIC for small computers is given. The application is illustrated by the example of the concentration of individual heavy metal ions for a period of 24 hours in a water of an intermediate pumping station which is composed of municipal and industrial wastewaters.
Observations on Zooplankton Composition, Abundance and Periodicity in two Flood‐plain Lakes of the Kashmir Himalayan Valley
Authors: Khan M. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the two eutrophic shallow lakes there were detected 51 taxa in the zooplankton: 27 rotifers, 14 cladocerans, 6 cyclopoids, 3 calanoids and 1 harpacticoid. In the lake Trigamsar, rotifers prevail at a higher electrolytic content, higher nutrient concentrations and higher primary production and at a transparency depth of 0.4 m, whereas cladocerans prevail in the less eutrophicated lake Naranbagh. In the annual variation, in both lakes rotifers show pronounced spring and autumn maxima, the same applying to copepods, whereas cladocerans have a pronounced summer maximum. In general, at the water surface the zooplankton density is higher than near the bottom.
Accumulation and depletion of chromium in mystus vittatus (BLOCH)
Authors: Sriwastwa V. M. , Tripathi R. S. , Srivastava D. K. , Kumar R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExposure against two ppm chromium from K2Cr2O7 for 1 to 7 months produced increasing accumulation of chromium in the liver, kidneys, brain and bone of the freshwater fish Mystus vittatus. In gonads, the accumulation of chromium was progressive for the first 5 months (i.e., April to August), but not in the subsequent 2 months. After 4 months exposure, fish transferred to chromium–free freshwater had a significant depletion of chromium from all tissues at 1, 2 and 3 months.