bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug‐eluting stent supported percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected left main disease
Authors: Migliorini Angela , Moschi Guia , Giurlani Letizia , Valenti Renato , Vergara Ruben , Parodi Guido , Carrabba Nazario , Dovellini Emilio V. , Antoniucci David 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectives: This study sought to determine the clinical and angiographic outcomes of unselected patients receiving drug‐eluting stents for unprotected left main disease. Background: The results of several series of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for left main disease in the pre‐drug‐eluting stent era have arisen concerns on the safety and mid‐term efficacy of PCI. Methods: Consecutive patients with unprotected left main disease were considered eligible for drug‐eluting stent supported PCI. The surgical risk score (risk of death within 1 month) of each patient was calculated according to the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) model. Results: One‐hundred and one patients with unprotected left main disease underwent PCI. The mean EuroSCORE was 19 ± 23. Successfully left main stenting was performed in 98 patients (primary success rate 97%). The overall 1‐month mortality rate was 9.9%. The 1‐month mortality rate was 50% in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on presentation, and 4.5% in patients without AMI on presentation. The 1‐month mortality rate of patients with a risk score <13 was 3%, while it was 21% in patients with a risk score ≥13. At 6 months, the mortality rate of the entire cohort of patients increased to 12.8%, and the one of the non‐AMI patients to 7.8%. Survival rate was 86% ± 4% (mean follow‐up 295 ± 175 days). Target vessel revascularization was performed in 14 patients (16%). The 6‐month in‐segment restenosis rate was 16%. Conclusion: Drug‐eluting stent supported PCI may provide early and mid‐term outcomes comparable or superior to those expected from coronary artery surgery. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Double balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty: Multi‐track system versus conventional technique
Authors: Pedra Carlos A.C. , Arrieta S. Raul , Esteves Cesar A. , Braga Sérgio L.N. , Neves Juliana , Cassar Renata , Pedra Simone R.F. , Santana M. Virginia T. , Silva M. Aparecida P. , Sousa J. Eduardo M.R. , Fontes Valmir F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate whether double balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (DBPV) with the Multi‐Track system (MTS) may help to simplify the procedure. Background: DBPV is usually required for patients with pulmonary valve stenosis with large annulus. However, it needs two venous accesses and can be technically demanding. Methods: From 07/03, 20 consecutive patients (19 ± 10 yrs) with typical pulmonary valve stenosis underwent DBPV using the MTS (G1). The results were compared with those achieved by conventional DBPV performed in a matched historical group of 28 patients (21 ± 11 yrs; P = NS) (G2). Results: MTS balloons were easily advanced through the skin and inflated across the valve. Similar results were observed in regards to residual gradients (12 ± 11 vs 14 ± 10 mm Hg; P = NS) and right ventricular to systemic pressures (0.35 ± 0.22 vs 0.37 ± 0.26; P = NS). Procedure and fluoroscopic times were significant lower in G1 (78 ± 24 vs 126 ± 28; 15 ± 12 vs 25 ± 8 min, respectively; both P < 0.001). There was no major complication. Median follow‐up was 1.8 yr for G1 and 5 yr for G2 (P = 0.037). At the last visit, peak instantaneous gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract by echocardiography was a mean 22 ± 10 mm Hg for G1 and 25 ± 9 mm Hg for G2 (P = NS). No patient had severe pulmonary insufficiency or required reintervention. Conclusions: The use of the MTS helped to expedite the procedure providing satisfactory midterm clinical outcomes, similar to those observed with the conventional DBPV technique. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term effects of novel biolimus eluting DEVAX AXXESS plus nitinol self‐expanding stent in a porcine coronary model
Authors: Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Elliott Jim , Patel Devang , Tio Furman , Matthews Holly , McCasland Melissa , Trauthen Brett , Elicker John , Bailey Steven R. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of the DEVAX AXXESS biolimus eluting stent (BES) in a porcine coronary model, compared with those of bare metal stent (BMS) and polymer only stent (POS) controls. Background: Excessive neointimal growth has been identified as a major cause of late failure of percutaneous coronary interventions. The effect of drug eluting from self‐expanding stents for prevention of neointimal hyperplasia has not been studied before. The DEVAX AXXESS is a self‐expanding nickel titanium stent, coated with antiproliferative compound‐biolimus. Methods: Twenty juvenile farm swine, 25–35 kg in weight, 3–6 months in age were used. Each animal received a stent to the left anterior descending artery, left circumflex or right coronary arteries as permitted per anatomy. The chronic vascular response after BES implantation was compared with that after BMS and POS implantation at 28, 90, and 180 days follow‐up. Results: The 28‐day outcome by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) showed significant increase in minimal luminal diameter (MLD) in the BES (MLD: 2.90 ± 0.97, 2.39 ± 0.90, 1.59 ± 0.91; P = 0.009) compared with BMS and POS, respectively. By histomorphometric analysis, there was also a corresponding significant reduction in neointimal tissue proliferation in the BES (average neointimal area: 2.78 ± 0.07, 5.46 ± 0.66, 8.42 ± 0.85; P = 0.002) compared with that in BMS and POS controls, respectively at 28‐days follow‐up. At 90 and 180 days, the mean neointimal area was not significantly different between the BES and the controls. Conclusions: BES favorably modulates the neointimal tissue formation for 28 days, in the porcine coronary model. Long‐term inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia is not sustained most likely because of the delayed cellular proliferation and inflammation in the vessel wall. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards Perfunctionalized Dodecahedranes—En Route to C20 Fullerene
Authors: Wahl Fabian , Weiler Andreas , Landenberger Peter , Sackers Emmerich , Voss Torsten , Haas Alois , Lieb Max , Hunkler Dieter , Wörth Jürgen , Knothe Lothar , Prinzbach Horst 
Published: June 2006

Abstract“One‐pot” substitution of the twenty hydrogen atoms in pentagonal dodecahedrane (C20H20) by OH, F, Cl, and Br atoms is explored. Electrophilic insertion of oxygen atoms with DMDO and TFMDO as oxidizing reagents ended, far off the desired C20(OH)20, in complex polyol mixtures (up to C20H10(OH)10 decols, a trace of C20H(OH)19?). Perfluorination was successful in a NaF matrix but (nearly pure) C20F20 could be secured only in very low yield. “Brute‐force” photochlorination (heat, light, pressure, time) provided a mixture of hydrogen‐free, barely soluble C20Cl16 dienes in high yield and C20Cl20 as a trace component. Upon electron‐impact ionization of the C20Cl16 material sequential loss of the chlorine atoms was the major fragmentation pathway furnishing, however, only minor amounts of chlorine‐free C20+ ions. “Brute‐force” photobrominations delivered an extremely complex mixture of polybromides with C20HBr13 trienes as the highest masses. The MS spectra exhibited exclusive loss of the Br substituents ending in rather intense singly, doubly, and triply charged C20H4–0+(2+)(3+) ions. The insoluble ∼C20HBr13 fraction (C20Br14 trienes as highest masses) obtained along a modified bromination protocol, ultimately allowed the neat mass selection of C20− ions. The C20Cl16 dienes and C20H0–3Br14–12 tri‐/tetraenes, in spite of their very high olefinic pyramidalization, proved resistant to oxygen and dimerization (polymerization) but added CH2N2 smoothly. Dehalogenation of the respective cycloaddition products through electron‐impact ionization resulted in C22–24H4–8+(2+) ions possibly constituting bis‐/tris‐/tetrakis‐methano‐C20 fullerenes or partly hydrogenated C22, C23, and C24 cages.
High‐order compact difference scheme for the regularized long wave equation
Authors: Lin Jianguo , Xie Zhihua , Zhou Juntao 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA numerical simulation of the regularized long wave (RLW) equation is obtained using a high‐order compact difference method, based on the fourth‐order compact difference scheme in space and the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method in time integration. The method is tested on the problems of propagation of a solitary wave, interaction of two positive solitary waves, interaction of a positive and a negative solitary wave, the evaluation of Maxwellian pulse into stable solitary waves, the development of an undular bore and the solitary waves induced by boundary motion. The three invariants of the motion are calculated to determine the conservation properties of the algorithm. L2 and L∞ error norms are used to measure differences between the exact and numerical solutions. The results obtained by proposed method are compared with those of other recently published methods and shown to be more accurate and efficient. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen Atom and Hydride Anion Addition to Adenine: Structures and Energetics
Authors: Evangelista Francesco A. , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe radicals and anions derived from the 9H tautomer of adenine by adding a hydrogen atom to one of the four double bonds of the adenine framework have been studied. Computations were carried out using a carefully calibrated density functional (B3LYP) method and basis set (DZP++). Optimized geometries, energies, and vibrational frequencies are predicted for eight radicals and anions. The radicals are found to lie in a range of 22 kcal mol−1, with the radical derived by addition to the C8 carbon atom being the lowest lying energetically. The anions are predicted to be bound species in the gas phase with an energetic range of 43 kcal mol−1. Anions produced by addition of a hydride ion to adenine carbon atoms are found to be the most favorable. Six of the anions are predicted to be stable species with respect to electron detachment. The adiabatic electron affinities, vertical electron affinities, and vertical detachment energies are computed for the first time. Electron affinities for these radicals range from 0.0 to 2.0 eV. Radicals produced by addition to a nitrogen atom have near‐zero adiabatic electron affinities, while radicals produced by addition at carbon atoms have considerably higher electron affinities.
Incorporation of Anthracene into Zeolites: Confinement Effect on the Recombination Rate of Photoinduced Radical Cation‐Electron Pair
Authors: Marquis Séverine , Moissette Alain , Brémard Claude 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFT‐Raman spectrometry in combination with diffuse reflectance UV/Vis absorption (DRUVv) and fluorescence emission indicate that complete anthracene (ANT) sorption as intact molecules takes place over 6 months in the medium pores of non‐Brønsted acidic MnZSM‐5 zeolites (n=0.0, 3.4, 6.6; M=Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) with 1 ANT per unit cell loading. The combined effect of confinement and electrostatic field induced by bulky cations (Rb+, Cs+) leads to specific changes in the occluded ANT Raman spectra after very long organization periods (one year). The laser photolysis (266 nm, 355 nm) of ANT@MnZSM‐5 equilibrated samples generates long‐lived charge separated species in aluminum rich zeolites (n=3.4, 6.6). The very long‐lived radical pairs are characterized by conventional DRUVv and CW‐EPR spectroscopy. The direct charge recombination rates of ANT⋅.+‐electron pairs are dispersive, extending over a broad range of timescales. The kinetic constant values are found to increase dramatically with the aluminum content and increase markedly with M+ according to the following order Na+<K+<Rb+<Cs+. The small reorganization energy (λ) of ZSM‐5 zeolite pores coupled with large negative free energy changes (−ΔG°) between the ground state ANT oxidation potential and Fermi level of aluminum rich MnZSM‐5 explain the observed trends of the ANT⋅.+@MnZSM‐5.− charge recombination rates.
Synthesis of Single‐Crystalline Platinum Nanorods within a Soft Crystalline Surfactant–PtII Complex
Authors: Krishnaswamy Rema , Remita Hynd , Impéror‐Clerc Marianne , Even Catherine , Davidson Patrick , Pansu Brigitte 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSingle‐crystalline platinum nanorods, monodisperse in diameter, are synthesized through a simple process at room temperature, in cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) solution. The complexation of the CTA+ surfactant ion with tetrachloroplatinate in the presence of hexanol leads to the formation of a precipitate with a lamellar crystalline structure. The reduction of PtII metal ions to Pt0 is carried out using γ radiolysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of the nanoparticles extracted from the solution, three weeks after radiolysis, revealed single‐crystalline Pt nanorods, monodisperse in diameter (3–4 nm) and 20–60 nm long. By following the shape of the nanorods at various stages of the growth, it was found that the single‐crystalline nanorods grow by coalescence of spherical seeds 3–4 nm in diameter. This suggests an aggregative mechanism similar to that recently observed for silver particles in solution.
Determination of the Hydration Number of Gadolinium(III) Complexes by High‐Field Pulsed 17O ENDOR Spectroscopy
Authors: Raitsimring Arnold M. , Astashkin Andrei V. , Baute Debbie , Goldfarb Daniela , Poluektov Oleg G. , Lowe Mark P. , Zech Stephan G. , Caravan Peter 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPulsed 17O Mims electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy at the W band (95 GHz) and D band (130 GHz) is used for the direct determination of the water coordination number (q) of gadolinium‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Spectra of metal complexes in frozen aqueous solutions at approximately physiological concentrations can be obtained either in the presence or absence of protein targets. This method is an improvement over the 1H ENDOR method described previously (Zech et al., ChemPhysChem2005, 6, 2570), which involved the difference ENDOR spectrum of exchangeable protons from spectra taken in H2O and D2O. In addition to exchangeable water protons, the 1H ENDOR method is also sensitive to other exchangeable protons, and it is shown here that this method can overestimate hydration numbers for complexes with exchangeable protons at Gd⋅⋅⋅H distances similar to that of the coordinated water, for example, from NH groups. The 17O method does not suffer from this limitation. 17O ENDOR spectroscopy is applied to Gd(III) complexes containing zero, one, or two inner‐sphere water molecules. In addition, 13C and 1H ENDOR studies were performed to assess the extent of methanol coordination, since methanol is used to produce a glass in these experiments. Under the experimental conditions used for the hydration number determination (30 mol % methanol), fewer than 15 % of the coordination sites were found to be occupied by methanol.
Electrochemically Driven Three‐Phase Interlines into Insulator Compounds: Electroreduction of Solid SiO2 in Molten CaCl2
Authors: Xiao Wei , Jin Xianbo , Deng Yuan , Wang Dihua , Hu Xiaohong , Chen George Z. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of solid SiO2 (quartz) to Si is studied in molten CaCl2 at 1173 K. Experimental observations are compared and agree well with a novel penetration model in relation with electrochemistry at the dynamic conductor|insulator|electrolyte three‐phase interlines. The findings show that the reduction of a cylindrical quartz pellet at certain potentials is mainly determined by the diffusion of the O2− ions and also the ohmic polarisation in the reduction‐generated porous silicon layer. The reduction rate increases with the overpotential to a maximum after which the process is retarded, most likely due to precipitation of CaO in the reaction region (cathodic passivation). Data are reported on the reduction rate, current efficiency and energy consumption during the electroreduction of quartz under potentiostatic conditions. These theoretical and experimental findings form the basis for an in‐depth discussion on the optimisation of the electroreduction method for the production of silicon.
Gas‐Phase Reactions of Atomic Lanthanide Cations with D2O: Room‐Temperature Kinetics and Periodicity in Reactivity
Authors: Cheng Ping , Koyanagi Gregory K. , Bohme Diethard K. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractReactions of atomic lanthanide cations (excluding Pm+) with D2O have been surveyed in the gas phase using an inductively coupled plasma/selected‐ion flow tube (ICP/SIFT) tandem mass spectrometer to measure rate coefficients and product distributions in He at 0.35±0.01 Torr and 295±2 K. Primary reaction channels were observed corresponding to O‐atom transfer, OD transfer and D2O addition. O‐atom transfer is the predominant reaction channel and occurs exclusively with Ce+, Nd+, Sm+, Gd+, Tb+ and Lu+. OD transfer is observed exclusively with Yb+, and competes with O‐atom transfer in the reactions with La+ and Pr+. Slow D2O addition is observed with early lanthanide cation Eu+ and the late lanthanide cations Dy+, Ho+, Er+ and Tm+. Higher‐order sequential D2O addition of up to five D2O molecules is observed with LnO+ and LnOD+. A delay of more than 50 kcal mol−1 is observed in the onset of efficient exothermic O‐atom transfer, which suggests the presence of kinetic barriers of perhaps this magnitude in the exothermic O‐atom transfer reactions of Dy+, Ho+, Er+ and Tm+ with D2O. The reaction efficiency for O‐atom transfer is seen to decrease as the energy required to promote an electron to make two non‐f electrons available for bonding increases. The periodic trend in reaction efficiency along the lanthanide series matches the periodic trend in the electron‐promotion energy required to achieve a d1s1 or d2 excited electronic configuration in the lanthanide cation, and also the periodic trends across the lanthanide row reported previously for several alcohols and phenol. An Arrhenius‐like correlation is also observed for the dependence of D2O reactivity on promotion energy for early lanthanide cations, and exhibits a characteristic temperature of 2600 K.
Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF with stochastic reward nets
Authors: Jayaparvathy R. , Anand S. , Dharmaraja S. , Srikanth S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we present a performance study to evaluate the mean delay and the average system throughput of IEEE 802.11‐based wireless local area networks (WLANs). We consider the distributed co‐ordination function (DCF) mode of medium access control (MAC). Stochastic reward nets (SRNs) are used as a modelling formalism as it readily captures the synchronization between events in the DCF mode of access. We present a SRN‐based analytical model to evaluate the mean delay and the average system throughput of the IEEE 802.11 DCF by considering an on–off traffic model and taking into account the freezing of the back‐off counter due to channel capture by other stations. We also compute the mean delay suffered by a packet in the system using the SRN formulation and by modelling each station as an M/G/1 queue. We validate our analytical model by comparison with simulations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Priority‐based adaptive routing in NGEO satellite networks
Authors: Korçak Ömer , Alagöz Fatih , Jamalipour Abbas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn a non‐geostationary satellite constellation with inter satellite links (ISLs), there could be many shortest paths between two satellites in terms of hop count. An efficient routing algorithm should effectively use these paths in order to distribute traffic to ISLs in a balanced way and to improve the performance of the system. This paper presents and evaluates a novel priority‐based adaptive shortest path routing (PAR) scheme in order to achieve this goal. PAR sets the path towards the destination in a distributed manner, using a priority mechanism depending on the past utilization and buffering information of the ISLs. Moreover, to avoid unnecessary splitting of a flow and to achieve better utilization of ISLs, enhanced PAR (ePAR) scheme is proposed. This paper evaluates performance of the proposed techniques by employing an extensive set of simulations. Furthermore, since there are a number of ePAR parameters that should be adjusted depending on the network and traffic characteristics, a detailed analysis of ePAR scheme is provided to form a framework for setting the parameters. This paper also includes a method for adaptation of the proposed algorithms to minimum‐delay path routing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bit error rate performance of Haar wavelet based scale‐code division multiple access (HW/S‐CDMA) over the asynchronous AWGN channel
Authors: Kucur Oǧuz , Öztürk Ertan , Atkin Guillermo E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we study a recently proposed multirate system, called wavelet based scale‐code division multiple access (W/S‐CDMA). W/S‐CDMA depends on the code, time and scale orthogonality introduced by pseudo‐noise (PN) sequences, and wavelets. In this system, the channel is partitioned into different scales, and each scale into time slots. In addition, the PN sequences are used in each scale to identify multiple users. In W/S‐CDMA, each user is assigned a specific scale and PN sequence, and transmits its successive information symbols with its PN sequence and the wavelets in that scale. More symbols are transmitted in finer scales. We analyse the bit error rate performance of Haar wavelet based S‐CDMA (HW/S‐CDMA) over an asynchronous additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel by using a conventional detector for deterministic PN sequences. The performance of the system is compared to that of an equivalent multirate CDMA (MR‐CDMA) system for Gold and Kasami PN sequences. Results show that HW/S‐CDMA outperforms MR‐CDMA. In addition, because of its suitable format HW/S‐CDMA is also capable of employing the optimal PN sequence families with limited number of sequences such as Kasami, Bent, etc. repeatedly in different scales. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toll‐like receptor engagement stimulates anti‐snRNP autoreactive B cells for activation
Authors: Ding Chuanlin , Wang Li , AL‐Ghawi Hayma , Marroquin Jose , Mamula Mark , Yan Jun 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAutoreactive B cells are the source of pathogenic autoantibodies (autoAb) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previous studies have demonstrated that anti‐small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNP) B cells from normal background mice tolerize T cells in the periphery and do not secrete autoAb. In this study, we examined whether these anti‐snRNP B cells can be activated for autoAb production by the engagement of Toll‐like receptors (TLR). Anti‐snRNP B cells proliferated vigorously and secreted abundant anti‐snRNP autoAb upon exposure to CpG or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] in vitro. In addition, the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 were up‐regulated. While both anti‐snRNP B cells and wild‐type B cells produced similar levels of IL‐6 and IL‐10, anti‐snRNP B cells secreted predominately IFN‐γ in response to CpG or poly (I:C) stimulation. Furthermore, we showed that in vivo engagement of TLR stimulated immature anti‐snRNP B cells to further differentiate and produce autoAb and form germinal centers. The activated anti‐snRNP B cells became expanded and migrated into the T‐B cell interface. Moreover, TLR engagement directly or indirectly activated autoreactive B cells via a CD4 T cell‐independent manner. These results provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that BCR/TLR co‐engagement promotes the activation of anti‐snRNP B cells for autoAb production.