bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hordatines, dimerised hydroxycinnamoylagmatine conjugates of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): an appraisal of the biosynthesis, chemistry, identification and bioactivities
Authors: Hamany Djande Claude Y. , Dubery Ian A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hydroxycinnamoylamides are specialised metabolites widely distributed in the plant kingdom. These are phenolic moieties covalently linked to mono- or polyamines through amide bonds. Their oxidative coupling (dimerisation) leads to neolignanamides, a group of compounds showing high chemical, structural and functional diversity. Typical to barley, dehydro dimers of hydroxycinnamoylagmatines, hordatines are primarily found in germinated seeds and at the seedling stage. The first step in the biosynthesis of hordatines is catalysed by acyl-coenzyme A-dependent N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases, and lead to the formation of hydroxycinnamoylagmatines (HCAgms). The oxidative homo- or hetero-dimerisation of the latter results in different hordatines (A, B, C or D). Hordatines can also undergo various types of conjugation and form hydroxylated, methylated or glycosylated derivatives. Although the research on the bioactivities of the hordatines is still nascent, the in planta antifungal properties have long been recognised. While hordatines are naturally and uniquely synthesised in barley plants, these molecules or lead compounds derived therefrom, also exhibit medicinal and pharmaceutical uses important for human health, stimulating research into the utilisation of biotechnology in alternative production hosts and to enhance agricultural yields and value-added production. This review summarises the older and recent knowledge about hordatines and derivatives and may serve as a springboard for future research on this intriguing class of secondary plant metabolites.
Probabilistic justice against status defense: inequality, uncertainty, and the future of the welfare state
Authors: Friedman Rachel Z. , Iversen Torben 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe postwar welfare state provides social insurance against economic, health, and related risks in an uncertain world. Because everyone can envision themselves to be among the unfortunate, social insurance fuses self-interest and solidarism in a normative principle Friedman (2020) calls probabilistic justice. But there is a competing principle of status defense, where the aim is to erect boundaries between socioeconomic strata and discourage cross-class mobility. We argue that this principle dominates when inequality is high and uncertainty low. The current moment is one of high inequality and high uncertainty, which results in intense status anxiety, yet does not rule out solidaristic solutions. Our contributions are to diagnose the causes of our current malaise, and to theorize the normative bases for the political choice facing contemporary western democracies.
Interview with Keti Chukhrov
Authors: Chukhrov Keti , Potapov Kyrill 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis short interview explores the influence of Evald Ilyenkov’s work on contemporary philosopher, art theorist, and writer Keti Chukhrov. The interview focuses on Evald Ilyenkov’s contributions to Soviet culture, dialectics, and epistemology. She reflects on the distinct intellectual milieu of Soviet thinkers like Ilyenkov, Vygotsky, Davidov, and Lifshitz, who established connections between Marx and the broader world culture. The interview also addresses Žižek’s interpretation of Ilyenkov’s cosmology, emphasizing the ethical dimension of Ilyenkov’s communist spirit. Furthermore, Chukhrov touches on Ilyenkov’s critique of cybernetics and its relevance in contemporary discussions about AI and philosophy.
Bone evaluation study-2: update on the epidemiology of osteoporosis in Germany
Authors: Hadji Peyman , Esterberg Elizabeth , Obermüller Dominik , Bartsch Robert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Summary
Osteoporosis is the most common bone disorder. Our data gives an estimate of around 5.87 million cases of osteoporosis in the general German population in 2018. Only 30% of insured individuals who suffered an osteoporotic fracture and/or had a confirmed diagnosis of osteoporosis, received an appropriate prescription.

Purpose
Osteoporosis is the most common bone disorder. It particularly affects elderly people and increases the risk of atraumatic fractures. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis in the general German population aged ≥ 50 years and to collect data on the frequency of prescription of osteoporosis-specific medication in order to assess the treatment gap.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of anonymized data of individuals aged ≥ 50 years insured under statutory healthcare schemes from the database of the Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin (InGef) for 2018 (study population). Insured individuals with osteoporosis were identified based on osteoporosis diagnoses, osteoporosis-specific prescriptions, or osteoporotic fractures. Thus, we estimated the prevalence of osteoporosis in the general German population aged ≥ 50 years. The prevalence of diagnoses, fractures, and prescriptions was determined for the study population and stratified by age and gender.

Results
Within the study population of 1,599,299 insured individuals, a prevalence of osteoporosis of 15.9% was determined. This estimated approximately 5.87 million cases of osteoporosis for the general German population. 81.6% of the cases were women. Osteoporosis-specific prescriptions were received by 30.0% of the insured individuals in the study population who had been diagnosed with osteoporosis and/or suffered an osteoporotic fracture.

Conclusions
Germany has a high prevalence of osteoporosis. Only a small portion of individuals who may require osteoporosis-specific treatment actually receive it.
The projected increase of vertebral osteomyelitis in Germany implies a demanding challenge for future healthcare management of aging populations
Authors: Heck Vincent Johann , Prasse Tobias , Klug Kristina , Vinas-Rios Juan Manuel , Oikonomidis Stavros , Klug Alexander , Kernich Nikolaus , Weber Maximilian , von der Höh Nicolas , Lenz Maximilian , Walter Sebastian Gottfried , Himpe Bastian , Eysel Peer , Scheyerer Max Joseph 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Since an increase in the occurrence of native vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) is expected and reliable projections are missing, it is urgent to provide a reliable forecast model and make it a part of future health care considerations.

Methods
Comprehensive nationwide data provided by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany were used to forecast total numbers and incidence rates (IR) of VO as a function of age and gender until 2040. Projections were done using autoregressive integrated moving average model on historical data from 2005 to 2019 in relation to official population projections from 2020 to 2040.

Results
The IR of VO is expected to increase from 12.4 in 2019 to 21.5 per 100,000 inhabitants [95% CI 20.9–22.1] in 2040. The highest increase is predicted in patients over 75 years of age for both men and women leading to a steep increase in absolute numbers, which is fourfold higher compared to patients younger than 75 years. While the IR per age group will not increase any further after 2035, the subsequent increase is due to a higher number of individuals aged 75 years or older.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that increasing IR of VO will seriously challenge healthcare systems, particularly due to demographic change and increasing proportions of populations turning 75 years and older. With respect to globally fast aging populations, future health care policies need to address this burden by anticipating limitations in financial and human resources and developing high-level evidence-based guidelines for prevention and interdisciplinary treatment.
The effectiveness of different wear indicators in quantifying wear on railway wheels of freight wagons
Authors: de Paula Pacheco Philipe Augusto , Magelli M. , Lopes Matheus Valente , Correa Pedro Henrique Alves , Zampieri N. , Bosso N. , dos Santos Auteliano Antunes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRailway infrastructure relies on the dynamic interaction between wheels and rails; thus, assessing wheel wear is a critical aspect of maintenance and safety. This paper focuses on the wheel–rail wear indicator T-gamma (Tγ). Amidst its use, it becomes apparent that Tγ, while valuable, fails to provide a comprehensive reflection of the actual material removal and actual contact format, which means that using only Tγ as a target for optimization of profiles is not ideal. In this work, three different freight wagons are evaluated: a meter-gauge and a broad-gauge heavy haul vehicles from South American railways, and a standard-gauge freight vehicle operated in Europe, with different axle loads and dissimilar new wheel/rail profiles. These vehicles are subjected to comprehensive multibody simulations on various tracks. The simulations aimed to elucidate the intricate relationship between different wear indicators: Tγ, wear index, material removal, and maximum wear depth, under diverse curves, non-compensated lateral accelerations (Anc), and speeds. Some findings showed a correlation of 0.96 between Tγ and wear depth and 0.82 between wear index and material removed for the outer wheel. From the results, the Tγ is better than the wear index to be used when analyzing wear depth while the wear index is more suited to foresee the material lost. The results also show the low influence of Anc on wear index and Tγ. By considering these factors together, the study aims to improve the understanding of wheel–rail wear by selecting the best wear analysis approaches based on the effectiveness of each parameter.
Dual-student knowledge distillation for visual anomaly detection
Authors: Hao Jutao , Huang Kai , Chen Chen , Mao Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnomaly detection poses a significant challenge in the industry and knowledge distillation constructed using a frozen teacher network and a trainable student network is the prevailing approach for detecting suspicious regions. Forward and reverse distillation are the main ways to achieve anomaly detection. To design an effective model and aggregate detection results, we propose a dual-student knowledge distillation (DSKD) based on forward and reverse distillation. Taking advantage of the priority of reverse distillation to obtain high-level representation, we combine a skip connection and an attention module to build a reverse distillation student network that simultaneously focuses on high-level representation and low-level features. DSKD uses a forward distillation network as an auxiliary to allow the student network to preferentially obtain the query image. For different anomaly score maps obtained by the dual-student network, we use synthetic noise enhancement in combination with image segmentation loss to adaptively learn the weight scores of individual maps. Empirical experiments conducted on the MVTec dataset show that the proposed DSKD method achieves good performance on texture images as well as competitive results on object images compared with other state-of-the-art methods. Meanwhile, ablation experiments and a visualization analysis validate the contributions of each of the model’s components.
The effect of low hydrogen content on hydrogen embrittlement of additively manufactured 17–4 stainless steel
Authors: Ben-Hamu Guy , Metalnikov Polina , Eliezer Dan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work aims to evaluate the impact of small amounts of hydrogen on the hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC) of 17-4 martensitic stainless steel (SS) prepared by additive manufacturing (AM). To elucidate the effect of processing on the hydrogen–material interactions, the obtained results were compared with a conventionally manufactured (CM) counterpart. It was found that the hydrogen uptake of AM 17-4 SS is higher compared to CM; however, its resistance to HAC is improved. These differences are attributed to the presence of stronger hydrogen trapping sites, retained austenite and the absence of Nb-rich precipitates in the AM 17-4 SS. The effect of processing on the microstructure and the susceptibility to hydrogen-induced damage and hydrogen embrittlement is discussed in detail.
Contribution of population III stars to merging binary black holes
Authors: Tanikawa Ataru 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA large number of mergers of binary black holes (BHs) have been discovered by gravitational wave observations since the first detection of gravitational waves 2015. Binary BH mergers are the loudest events in the universe; however, their origin(s) have been under debate. There have been many suggestions for merging binary BHs. Isolated binary stars are one of the most promising origins. We have investigated the evolution of isolated binary stars ranging from zero metallicity (Population III stars or Pop III stars) to the solar metallicity by means of so-called rapid binary population synthesis simulation. We have found that binary BHs formed from isolated binary stars reproduce the redshift evolution of the merger rate density and the distribution of primary BH masses and mass ratios inferred by Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3). Pop III stars have a crucial role in forming merging binary BHs in so-called the pair instability mass gap. Note that we choose the conventional prescription of pair instability mass loss, based on the standard $$^{12}\textrm{C}(\alpha ,\gamma )^{16}\textrm{O}$$

12

C

(
α
,
γ
)

16

O

reaction rate. Finally, we have shown the redshift evolution of the rate density of pair instability supernovae and have predicted that a few pair instability supernovae would be discovered in the next few years. The discoveries would validate our results of merging binary BHs.
A text mining and machine learning study on the trends of and dynamics between collective action and mental health in politically polarized online environments
Authors: Lam Calvin , Chan Christian S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocial media and online forums play an increasingly important role in the mobilization of collective action. This study examined how the discussion of collective actions impacts the expression of psychological distress in politically polarized online environments. We used text mining and machine learning models to analyze 39,487,911 user-generated comments during the 2019 social unrest in Hong Kong on two online forums frequented by anti-government (Lihkg.com) and pro-government (Discuss.com.hk) netizens. Results from time-series models yielded two main findings. First, there was a time-lagged association between the discussion of protest and the mention of psychological distress on both forums. Second, on Discuss.com.hk but not Lihkg.com, fewer comments containing psychological distress were created on days with offline protests (especially on days with violent conflicts) than days without. Together, these findings suggest that politically polarizing environments contribute to psychological distress.
Antimicrobial activities of essential oils from three species of citrus fruits against six infectious tropical bacteria: implications for the care and control of common bacterial tropical diseases in developing countries
Authors: Olatunya Ayomadewa Mercy , Olatunya Oladele Simeon , Hassan Ganiyu Foluso , Adeyemi Lateef Ademola , Oyelami Oyeku Akibu , Akintayo Emmanuel Temitope 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe burden of bacterial infections and the failure of antimicrobial agents are increasing worldwide, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This raises the need for novel therapeutic agents to combat bacterial infectious diseases. The sensitivity of several common pathogenic bacteria to essential oils from the peels of three species of citrus plants was investigated. Essential oils (EOs) were extracted from the fresh and dried peels of the citrus species using standard techniques. The antimicrobial activities of the EOs were determined using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods, and the activities of the EOs were compared to those of twelve conventional antibiotics. The results showed that the essential oils had high inhibitory effects. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the EOs ranged between 0.025 and 0.15 mg/ml. The activities of the EOs against the tested microorganisms were comparable to those of conventional antibiotics. Processing techniques did not affect the antibacterial activities of the EOs. Thus, the essential oils from the citrus species used against the investigated microorganisms were comparable to conventional antibiotics, and these findings showed that the oils could be widely applied in the health and pharmaceutical industries, where they could help in combating the menace of bacterial infections and therapeutic failure from drug resistance worldwide and especially in developing countries with limited resources available to combat these infections.
Study on the use of different machine learning techniques for prediction of concrete properties from their mixture proportions with their deterministic and robust optimisation
Authors: Mandal Sumanta , Shiuly Amit , Sau Debasis , Mondal Achintya Kumar , Sarkar Kaustav 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe construction industry relies so heavily on concrete that it's crucial to precisely forecast and optimize the strength and workability of concrete mixtures, while reducing costs as much as possible. For this objective, this study tries to predict and optimize the compressive strength and workability (slump) of concrete by using deterministic and robust optimization approaches, so as to determine the optimum concrete mixture proportions, while minimizing cost. Specifically, strength and slump were predicted based on concrete mixture proportions with five different machine learning techniques—support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy inference system (FIS), adaptive fuzzy inference system (ANIS), and genetic expression programming (GEP), based on a dataset comprising two hundred concrete mixtures, which has various levels of key ingredients, including cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and size of coarse aggregate, along with their associated measures of strength and workability. These ingredients were used as input parameters, while compressive strength and slump (representing workability) served as output parameters for each mix proportion. Experimental investigations were conducted on fifteen distinct concrete mixes to validate the performance of the five networks, finding that ANFIS can yield the best results both for training and validation. This study provides valuable insights for predicting concrete properties and optimizing concrete mixture proportions, thus helping to maximize strength and workability while minimizing costs.
Sustainable futures: from causes of environmental degradation to solutions
Authors: Ferreira Fernandes Carla Sofia , Alves Fátima , Loureiro João 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe impacts of climate change, loss of biodiversity and pollution influence the living experiences of the various members of communities that rely on agriculture, shaping the adaptation responses to those phenomena and actions towards sustainable development. This study aims to understand how members of rural communities in Morocco perceive the causes of environmental degradation and the solutions meant to support the reduction of the vulnerabilities by applying a sustainable development lens. To achieve those objectives, this empirical study collects qualitative data by conducting semi-structured interviews on the local population's perceptions of environmental degradation causes and impacts, vulnerabilities, and solutions to adapt or cope with those impacts. The study includes a critical analysis of the proposals presented by the community members by addressing the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of their implications for development. The most common issue identified was water management, underscoring the water stress affecting several regions. However, several solutions presented would lead to further depletion of non-renewable water sources, which endangers the pursuit of genuinely sustainable development. The study's conclusions highlight the importance of contextualising the communication and adaptation responses that address local perceptions, namely the low prevalence of perceptions attributing anthropogenic causes to environmental degradation, leading to sentiments of helplessness among members of the rural communities.
Effects of life-work balance on health, according to gender, housing insecurity, and social class: an intersectional study
Authors: Vásquez-Vera Constanza , Fernández Ana , Borrell Carme 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study aim was to analyse the differences in work-life balance between and within genders (1159 women, 1077 men, and 5 trans*), and their effects on health outcomes, according to housing insecurity, and social class. We measured five health outcomes: mental health, self-perceived health, sleep quality, chronic headaches, and chronic backpain. The explanatory variables were productive, reproductive workloads, and their interactions. Among women with housing insecurity, those with no productive workload and moderate reproductive workload had the poorest mental health, self-perceived health, and sleep quality. Among women without housing insecurity of non-manual social class, those with productive workload and high reproductive workload had the poorest mental health and sleep quality. Among men with housing insecurity, those with no productive workload and high reproductive workload had the poorest sleep quality and chronic backpain. The health effects of the work-life balance are not the same for all people and vary according to housing situation, social class, and gender.
Modelled salinity values and episodes of critical salinities over 63 years in an estuary with bivalves of commercial interest
Authors: Parada J. M. , Fernández Besada M. , Méndez Pérez B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This dataset is the result of a numerical model that estimates salinity in an estuary of high interest to commercial bivalve fisheries. The estuary is subject to periodic low salinity events that cause high mortalities and economic losses. Although the estuary has a salinity monitoring system, its sensors hang from a floating platform, so the data collected are not measured close to the bottom and their position relative to the bottom varies with the tide. Therefore, their values are not representative of the salinity stress to which the bivalves are subjected. For this reason, a model was developed to estimate salinity at 1 m above the bottom and at high tide. These conditions have been defined as those necessary to detect episodes of low salinities that can generate bivalve mortality events.

Data description
The dataset includes the estimated daily salinity in the estuary from 7 January 1961 to 31 December 2023. In addition, for each of the 63 years of the series, another dataset is included containing the number of critical salinity episodes, as a function of salinity thresholds and their duration, that could have caused mortality events of different intensity of bivalves of commercial interest.