bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turnover and hydrolysis of vicine and convicine in avian tissues and digesta
Authors: Frohlich Andrzej A. , Marquardt Ronald R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to establish factors influencing the absorption, excretion and hydrolysis of vicine and convicine in chicks. Blood vicine, following the oral administration of a single dosage of vicine into the crop of young chicks, reached maximum concentrations within 3 h. It was nearly completely removed from the blood within 12 h and had a half‐life of approximately 4.5 h. The accumulation and excretion patterns of vicine in the liver and kidney were similar to those of the blood except that the concentrations were much higher in these tissues, particularly the kidney. Bile also contained a very high concentration of vicine which tended to accumulate following the decline in other tissues. These results together with the appearance of vicine in the urine of colostomised birds suggest that vicine is excreted in the urine and bile. Convicine in contrast to vicine was not absorbed by the chick. In‐vitro studies were carried out with tissue and digesta homogenates from the chick in order to establish the site(s) at which vicine and convicine were hydrolysed to their aglycone forms. The results demonstrated that neither vicine nor convicine were hydrolysed in the presence of liver, kidney, intestinal wall or caecal wall homogenates, digesta from the large intestine or by enzymes present in whole or ground fababeans. They were, however, slowly hydrolysed in the presence of 0.1N HCl at 37°C and very rapidly hydrolysed by digesta from the caeca. Antibiotic additions to the diets markedly reduced the in‐vitro rate of hydrolysis of these compounds. The latter results suggest that vicine and convicine are hydrolysed by microorganisms in the caeca of the chick but are not hydrolysed by the micro‐organisms in the gastrointestinal tract, by endogenous tissue enzymes or by enzymes present in fababeans and only minimally hydrolysed by the low pH of the stomach.
Fenthion residues in milk and milk products following treatment of dairy cows for warble‐fly
Authors: O'Keeffe Michael , Eades Joseph F. , Strickland Kenneth L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPersistence of the organophosphorus pesticide, fenthion, in the milk of ten dairy cows was determined following treatment of the animals for warble fly (a) while at grass, and (b) while housed and fed on silage. The mean concentration of fenthion in the milk of the housed animals was at a higher level for longer after treatment. Following both treatments, the mean fenthion concentration in milk dropped below 0.05 mg kg−1 within 24 h of treatment. No correlation was found between milk yield of cows and total fenthion excreted in milk. The fenthion levels in milk and milk products were determined during a compulsory warble‐fly eradication scheme. Low fenthion levels detected in milk after processing were due to the dilution effect of bulking milk. Although the tendency for fenthion to accumulate in the fat fraction in milk resulted in measurable levels of the pesticide in butter and cheese, these levels were below 0.05 mg kg−1.
The effect of size of sub‐sample on mineral analysis values of apple fruits
Authors: Samuelson Timothy J. , Holland Derek A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractApple fruits were divided into opposite sectors of different sizes, and the mineral analyses of the sectors were compared with whole fruit values. Opposite sectors as small 8‐12% of whole fruit weight were found to be as representative as larger sectors. There was no evidence of either a constant or a proportional bias arising as a result of sub‐sampling. Sub‐sampling variation was greater for Ca than for N, P, K and Mg.
Gel filtration fractionation of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) proteins
Authors: Tan Nget‐Hong 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWinged bean proteins were extracted by a pH 9.5, 0.3M borate extraction medium. The extracted proteins were fractionated by Sepharose CL‐6B gel filtration chromatography into four fractions. Fraction 2 (F2, mol. wt 200 000) and Fraction 3 (F3, mol. wt 35 000) are the two major protein fractions. F3 was further resolved into Fraction 3A (F3A, mol. wt 44 160) and Fraction 3B (F3B, mol. wt 23 700) by Sephadex G‐75 gel filtration chromatography. Both F2 and F3 fractions were heterogeneous when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method. There are some varietal variations in the distribution of winged bean protein fractions recovered by gel filtration chromatography. Trypsin inhibitor and chymotrypsin inhibitor activity were found only in F3B, whereas haemagglutinating activity was found only in F3A.
Effect of a calcium peroxide seed coating on the establishment of winter wheat subjected to pre‐emergence waterlogging
Authors: Thomson Robert J. , Belford Robert K. , Cannell Robert Q. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPost‐germination but pre‐emergence waterlogging of winter wheat for 3 days or more, delayed emergence and decreased the final number of plants in two experiments on sandy loam and clay soils in outdoor conditions. Coating seeds with calcium peroxide improved emergence to a small extent, but would appear to offer only a small benefit to establishment of wheat already treated with insecticide/fungicide dressings and sown under normal conditions in the field.
Effects of varying the method of applying alkaline emulsion on the drying of Sultana grapes
Authors: May Peter , Clingeleffer Peter R. , Simmons Ian D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSultana berries were treated with alkaline oil‐in‐water emulsion by partial or total immersion, spotting or spraying. Their weight loss during dehyration at 40°C and the colour and extent of surface bloom of the resultant raisins were determined. Approximately 37 μl of emulsion adhere to the berry during immersion but about 85% of this accumulates as a run‐off droplet. Spread of emulsion from treated to untreated parts occurs on mature berries only; it increases with increasing maturity, as shown by its linear relationship with the concentration of total soluble solids in the fruit. Comparable amounts of emulsion are more effective when spotted uniformly instead of distally on the berry surface. Drying accelerates as berries receive more spots of emulsion. Approximately 9 μl of emulsion placed by spotting or part‐immersion give raisins of similar quality to that of raisins dried after total immersion, despite slower drying rates during the first 36–48 h of dehydration. Any further reduction in the amount of emulsion leads to slower drying and darker raisins.The spray emitted by the nozzels used contained droplets of 190 or 440 μm mean diameter. Between 0.5 and 1.5 μl of emulsion was applied per berry. Small droplets were about 20% more effective than large ones. The efficacy of the best spraying treatment, 1.5 μl berry−1 and small droplet size, was almost as good as that of immersion.It is concluded that the efficacy of emulsion treatment depends in part on the characteristics of the fruit to be dried. Comparisons between treatments should only be made from several measurements during the course of drying. The cost of drying may be reduced and the quality of the raisins may improve when the emulsion treatment is modified according to the type of Sultana berry to be dried.
Composition of fruit, vegetable and cereal dietary fibre
Authors: Holloway Warren D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA sequential extraction of freeze‐dried bean, cabbage, lettuce, tomato, peach, pumpkin, sweet potato, onion, pear, wheat bran, lucerne, clover and ryegrass with water, oxalate and sodium hydroxide (before and after delignification) was carried out.The fruits and vegetables gave a higher yield of water and oxalate soluble polymers than wheat bran. The water and oxalate soluble extracts were composed predominantly of arabinose, galactose and uronic acid, whereas the sodium‐hydroxide extracts contained mainly arabinose and xylose.
Organic acids in orange, grapefruit and cherry juices quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography using neutral resin or propylamine columns
Authors: Shaw Philip E. , Wilson Charles W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMalic and citric acids were measured in orange and grapefruit juices by h.p.l.c. using a neutral resin column. Low levels of succinic acid (<0.01%) present in some samples required the use of a propylamine column, which was also used for succinic and malic acids in sweet cherry juice. All samples required preliminary separation on ion exchange columns to remove interfering substances. Either refractive index or ultraviolet (206 nm) detectors can be used for analyses after purification.
The nutritional composition of British bread—a nationwide study
Authors: Wenlock Robert W. , Sivell Lorna M. , King Richard T. , Scuffam David , Wiggins Robert A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRepresentative samples of loaves of white and brown sliced and unsliced breads were obtained in seven regional centres in Britain for separate analysis; samples of 13 different types of breads and rolls were purchased in each region but were then bulked into nationally representative samples; and nine other breads and rolls were purchased in the London area only. Considerable difficulties were encountered in all regions in correctly identifying wholemeal products. Each type of bread was analysed for moisture, protein, fat, sugars, starch, dietary fibre, sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, chloride, thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, vitamin B6, free and total folic acid. There were no significant regional differences in the nutrient content of the white and brown sliced and unsliced breads. The presence of salt added during baking also showed no regional differences. Unsliced and unwrapped white and brown loaves contained less moisture than sliced loaves and hence slightly higher levels of nutrients. However, there were no significant differences on a dry matter basis. Breads and rolls are nutritionally variable products, but generally the nutritional content reflected the extraction rates of the flours from which they were baked and the requirement to fortify with nutrients under the Bread and Flour Regulations (1963). Levels of dietary fibre and total folic acid were higher than those previously published, and energy, protein, fat, available carbohydrate, iron and thiamin levels were slightly lower. The levels of fat reflected the quantity of wheat germ and fats added during baking. The fatty acid compositions also depended on the level of high melting point bakery fat added as an ingredient.
Accumulation and quality of storage protein in developing cowpea, mung bean and soya bean seeds
Authors: Awolumate Emmanuel O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study was carried out to compare the time course of laying down seed storage protein in three legumes viz: cowpea (Vigna unquiculata), mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) and soya bean (Glycine max) planted in two replications. Pods were harvested periodically during seed maturation and studied for changes in fresh and dry weights, total sulphur, total nitrogen and protein content. At early stages of development crude protein formed about one‐third of dry weight in the legumes but decreased to about one‐quarter at maturity. The total sulphur which formed a substantial amount of the sulphur amino‐acids in mature seeds did not change much in mung bean and cowpea but increased by about 24% from 20 to 69 days after flowering (DAF) in soya bean. Storage protein accumulation was very rapid between 10 and 14 DAF (10.4% day−1) in mung bean, 7 and 14 DAF (12.9% day−1) in cowpea and between 20 and 30 DAF (9.4 day−1) in soya bean. Thereafter, protein accumulation declined slightly and gradually approached zero at time of seed maturity. The sulphur‐to‐nitrogen ratios gradually increased with maximum values in the mature seeds.Although seed protein content and quality (on S/N ratio basis) were highest in soya bean, accumulation of storage protein seemed to be faster in cowpea than mung bean and soya bean during seed maturation.
Phosphate soil tests and their suitability to assess the phosphate status of soil
Authors: Sibbesen Erik 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSome phosphate soil tests (P‐tests) are evaluated for their suitability to assess the phosphate status (P‐status) of contrasting soils. A P‐test at best only provides a relative estimate of the soil P‐status, which may be thought of as the ability of a soil to release P either to a crop, or more specifically to a given plant root for a given period under optimum conditions with respect to all other growth factors. A P‐test gives no direct information on the crop response to added P.The P‐tests were evaluated on the basis of data from 29 published papers where the anion exchange resin method was among the P‐tests used, and where plant P‐uptake in pot experiments had been used as the evaluation basis.The evaluations ranked the P‐tests in three groups: best group: anion‐exchange resin method, intermediate group: water, and sodium bicarbonate methods, worst group: all ‘acid’ methods: acetate buffer, lactate buffer, citric acid, Bray‐1, Truog and Bondorff methods.
Fatty acids of the mud skipper boleophthalmus boddaerti
Authors: Misra Suniti , Dutta Ashish Kumar , Dhar Tapan , Ghosh Amitabha , Choudhury A. , Dutta Jyotirmoy 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of the body and the liver lipids of Boleophthalmus boddaerti, a mud skipper fish belonging to the Gobiidae family, have been determined by argentation column chromatography (a.c.c.) and gas‐liquid chromatography (g.l.c.). The levels of 20:5ω3 (ca 14%), a biologically important fatty acid, was found to be considerably high. Other major component acids were, 16:0, 18:0, 16:1, 18:1, 20:3ω9, 22:5ω3 and 22:6ω3. Besides, a large number of minor components were identified and estimated. The liver lipid contained unusually high levels (ca 90%) of non‐saponifiables.
Dietary fibre and components of the nitrogen‐free extract of almond kernels
Authors: Saura‐Calixto Fulgencio , Cañellas Jaime , Soler Lourdes 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDeterminations of neutral and acid detergent fibre residues (NDF and ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in almond nuts (Prunus amygdalus) were carried out. The NDF content was about 5% while the crude fibre content was only approximately 2%. The composition of several components of nitrogen‐free extract (NFE) such as soluble sugars, starch, gums and mucilages and pectins were also determined, and the results are discussed.
Investigation of the performance of an improved calibration for the determination of protein in UK home‐grown wheat by near infrared reflectance analysis
Authors: Osborne Brian G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA universal calibration for the determination of protein in wheat by near infrared (n.i.r.) reflectance analysis using an InfraAlyzer 300B is presented. The results of testing this calibration over a period of three years show that no adjustments to the calibration were necessary even when wheats from a new harvest were examined. The overall accuracy of the calibration expressed as the standard deviation of differences between n.i.r. and Kjeldahl data for 132 samples was 0.28% protein.
Über hochungesättigte Fettsäurechloride und ihre Autoxydation
Authors: Kaufmann H. P. , Gulinsky E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBeschreibung der Herstellung der Chloride von Linolen‐, α‐ und β‐Elaeostearin‐ und α‐Parinarsäure sowie ihrer Autoxydations‐Geschwindigkeit im Vergleich zu den freien Fettsäuren und ihren Methylestern.
Einfluß der Thixotropie‐Mittel auf die rheologischen Eigenschaften von Anstrichstoffen
Authors: Giesen Oberin G. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDurch Verwendung geeigneter Zusatzstoffe wird versucht, das Fließverhalten der Anstrichstoffe so zu steuern, daß thixotrope Systeme entstehen. Die Wirkungsweise dieser thixotropen Zusatzstoffe ist von einigen Faktoren (Ölgehalt, Pigment‐Zusammensetzung, Füllstoffteilchen usw.) der Lack‐Rezeptur abhängig.
Grundsätzliches zum Thema „Hautturgor”︁
Authors: Saile F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDer Hautturgor ist abhängig von dem, was die Haut verdauen kann, und nicht von dem, was die Haut aufnehmen kann. Dabei sind für den Verdauungsprozeß die Gewebesäfte und die Lichteinwirkung von großer Bedeutung.
Das Wasserbindungsvermögen der menschlichen Haut
Authors: Thiele F. A. J. , Schutter K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMit Hilfe eines neu entwickelten elektrischen Meßapparates wird die Wasserdampfdiffusion der menschlichen Haut und das Vermögen der Haut, Wasser zu binden, untersucht. Vf. bestätigt, daß die äußeren Hautschichten kolloidchemische Eigenschaften besitzen, welche zu der Folgerung berechtigen, daß die Haut ein Xerogel ist.
Das Kräftespiel zwischen den Fasereigenschaften und den Wasch‐ und Pflegeproblemen in der Ausbildung unserer Bekleidungssysteme unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der künstlichen Faser
Authors: Nüßlein J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wird über das Verhältnis der natürlichen zu den synthetischen Fasern berichtet. Die Eigenschaften der natürlichen Fasern sind gegeben, während man sich bei der Herstellung der künstlichen Fasern nach den gegebenen Wasch‐ und Pflegemitteln und den hygienischen und optischen Forderungen des Kleidungsstückes richten kann.
Die Quellung von freien Anstrichfilmen und von Anstrichen in Wasser
Authors: Funke W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie Wasseraufnahme von Anstrichen auf Untergrund wird mit der Quellung von entsprechenden freien Filmen verglichen und untersucht, ob die gemessenen Werte konstant und gut reproduzierbar sind. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß die wahre Quellung, die an freien Anstrichfilmen im Gleichgewichtszustand gemessen wird, eine charakteristische Kenngröße bei Anstrichen ist, die vom Untergrund nicht beeinflußt wird. Eine analoge Wasserbestimmung an Anstrichen auf Untergrund gibt wertvolle Hinweise auf die Wasserbeständigkeit von Anstrichsystemen bei Quellung und in gequollenem Zustand.
Über das Vorkommen von Polyhydroxyphenolen in Schokoladenmassen und ihr Verhalten beim Conchieren
Authors: Mohr W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs werden qualitative und quantitative Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen von Polyhydroxyphenolen in unconchierten und conchierten Schokoladenmassen durchgeführt. Die geringe Konzentration der Polyhydroxyphenol‐Komponenten, die geringe Konzentrationsänderung der nachgewiesenen Komponenten in den conchierten Massen und die Konzentrationsänderung der löslichen Gerbstoffe bei diesem Prozeß können in geschmacklicher Hinsicht nicht entscheidend sein. Die Ursachen dieser unerwartet geringen Beeinflussung durch das Conchieren werden diskutiert.
Molekulargewichts‐Bestimmung von Fetten und Fett‐Polymerisaten in der Ultrazentrifuge II: Bestimmung des Molekulargewichts von Fetten aus der Annäherung an das Sedimentations‐Gleichgewicht
Authors: Lück H. , Rickerl E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAm Beispiel des Erdnußöles wird gezeigt, daß eine Molekulargewichts‐Bestimmung von Fetten auch in der Ultrazentrifuge (aus der Annäherung an das Sedimentations‐Gleichgewicht) möglich ist. Die in polaren und apolaren Lösungsmitteln erhaltenen Molekulargewichte zeigen keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Lediglich bei höherer Ölkonzentration (5 und 10%) werden Erscheinungen beobachtet, die möglicherweise als Assoziationsvorgänge gedeutet werden können.
Beeinflussung der Abrasivität von Zahnpastenputzkörpern durch Quell‐ und Verdickungsstoffe
Authors: Pfrengle O. , Pietruck Ch. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, daß gerade die in Zahnpasten am meisten gebrauchten Quellstoffe, nämlich CMC, Carragheenat und Traganth, bei steigendem Quellstoffgehalt die Abrasivität der Zahnpaste meist recht beträchtlich erhöhen, wobei die Kurve oft bei bestimmten Quellstoffgehalten ein Maximum durchläuft. Anorganische Verdickungsstoffe verhalten sich anders. Insbesondere die hochvoluminöse Kieselsäure setzt die Abrasivität deutlich herab. In der fertigen Zahnpaste scheinen die Abrasionszahlen höher zu liegen als die mit Hilfe unserer Testmethode an den entsprechenden Putzkörpern gemessenen. Auf den Zusammenhang zwischen der Putzkraft und der Stabilität der Putzkörpersuspension wird hingewiesen.
Fette und Seifen in Aerosol‐Verpackungen
Authors: Kübler H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDer Einsatz von Aerosol‐Präparaten, die Fette und fettähnliche Stoffe enthalten, auf dem kosmetischen Gebiet ist von besonderem Interesse. Vf. berichtet über die Inhaltsstoffe von Haar‐Spray‐Präparaten, Sonnenschutz‐Sprays, Aerosol‐Rasiercremes usw. sowie deren Hautverträglichkeit u. a.; ferner über Schaumventil‐Typen.
Die Anwendung der Gas‐Chromatographie auf die Untersuchung von Polyäthylenglykolen
Authors: Puschmann H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie durch die Herstellungsart von Äthylenglykolen bedingte Verteilung des Molekulargewichtes ist von Einfluß auf deren Eigenschaften. Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, das die Molgewichts‐Verteilung solcher Gemische bis zum Octaglykol gestattet. Methode und Anwendbarkeit werden beschrieben.
Untersuchungen über den Zusammenhang zwischen Glanzzahl, Weißgrad und subjektiver Glanz‐Bewertung von Bohnerwachsen auf Linoleum
Authors: Bock H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUnter Zugrundelegung der beschriebenen Meß‐Methode ergibt sich, daß die Glanzzahl‐Rangfolgen unabhängig sind von der Empfindlichkeits‐Einstellung und dem Lochblenden‐Durchmesser. Die subjektive Glanz‐Bewertung wird durch die diffuse Reflexion beeinflußt. Dieser Einfluß ist aber nur innerhalb bestimmter Glanzzahl‐Unterschiede gegeben. Überschreiten sie die angegebenen Erkennungsgrenzen, so werden die Glanz‐Unterschiede unabhängig von der diffusen Reflexion subjektiv richtig erkannt.
Die biologischen Wirkungen der optischen Aufheller in Waschmitteln und Seifen
Authors: Glashoff E. , Stegmann W. , Schröder E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn zahlreichen Versuchsserien werden in Waschmitteln und Seifen verwendete Aufheller auf ihre sensibilisierenden und photosensibilisierenden Eigenschaften ausgetestet. Auf Grund der von den Vff. und von anderen Autoren durchgeführten Untersuchungen werden die verwendeten optischen Aufheller als harmlos und ohne jede gesundheitsschädigenden Eigenschaften angesehen.
Eigenschaften von unverzweigten Alkylphenol‐polyglykoläthern
Authors: Denk W. , Frank W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften der unverzweigten Alkylphenol‐polyglykoläther werden nicht allein durch die Kettenlänge der Alkylreste und durch die Länge der Polyglykoläther‐Kette bestimmt, sondern auch durch die Stellung des Alkylrestes im Phenylkern; o‐ständige Alkylreste bewirken eine scheinbare Vergrößerung des hydrophoben Molekülteilchens, was sich besonders bei der Bestimmung des Trübungspunktes der wäßrigen Lösungen bemerkbar macht. Der Unterschied zwischen o‐ und p‐Stellung der Alkylreste im Phenylkern läßt sich überdies auch bei der Netz‐, Wasch‐, Schaum‐ und Entfettungswirkung beobachten.
Aal‐Fang und Aal‐Wirtschaft in Deutschaland
Authors: Mann H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVf. berichtet zunächst über den Aal‐Ertrag und den ‐Fang in der deutschen See‐ und Flußfischerei. Auf die durch die Inhaltsstoffe der Industrie‐Abwässer hervorgerufene Geschmacks‐Beeinträchtigung und deren Beseitigung, ferner auf den Einsatz von Aalbrut bzw. Satzaalen zur Erhaltung der Aal‐Bestände in den Gewässern wird eingegangen.
Anwendung des Hochfrequenz‐Kraftfeldes bei der Aufarbeitung verschiedener Ölsamen
Authors: Gondár Jenó 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVf. berichtet über den Einfluß der abhängigen und unabhängigen Veränderungen auf die bei der Anwendung der dielektrischen Technik erzielten Ergebnisse bei der Aufarbeitung von Sonnenblumensamen. Die wichtigsten chemischen bzw. arbeitstechnischen Vorteile der D‐Technik werden detailliert mitgeteilt und auch die wirtschaftlichen Fragen dieses Verfahrens diskutiert.