bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of specific immunity to human colon carcinoma by anti‐idiotypic antibodies to monoclonal antibody CO17‐1A
Authors: Herlyn Dorothee , Ross Alonzo H. , Iliopoulos Dimitrios , Koprowski Hilary 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnti‐idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) to murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) CO17‐1A (Ab1), which defines an antigen associated with human colon carcinoma, were produced in goats. The Ab2 inhibited binding of Ab1 to colon carcinoma cells, and purified tumor antigen inhibited binding of Ab1 to Ab2. The Ab2 elicited in rabbits anti‐anti‐idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) that bound to cultured human cells of various tissue origins with a binding pattern identical to that of Ab1. Moreover, both Ab1 and Ab3 bound to the isolated tumor antigen, and the Ab3 lysed human colon carcinoma cells in culture in the presence of rabbit complement. Thus, Ab2 raised to mAb CO17‐1A are candidates for use in immunotherapy trials in cancer patients.
Induction of interleukin 1 secretion and of tumoricidal activity in macrophages are not closely related phenomena
Authors: Keller Robert , Keist Ruth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRat bone marrow‐derived mononuclear phagocytes (BMMΦ), induced to differentiate in vitro and homogeneous with respect to the cell lineage, were interacted with various macrophage‐activating agents. The effect of these agents on the secretion of interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity and on the development of tumoricidal capacity was comparatively assessed. The findings show that IL 1 secretion is considerably enhanced by macrophage‐activating factor and by recombinant interferon‐γ but remained unaffected or was even suppressed by heat‐killed C. parvum or Listeria monocytogenes. In contrast, lymphokines as well as C. parvum and Listeria were similarly potent in inducing in BMMΦ a tumoricidal state. The findings indicate that induction of IL 1 secretion and of tumoricidal activity are not necessarily closely linked phenomena.
Reduced production of interleukin 2 and interferongamma and enhanced helper activity for IgG synthesis by cloned CD4+ T cells from patients with AIDS
Authors: Maggi Enrico , Macchia Donatella , Parronchi Paola , Mazzetti Marcello , Ravina Adriana , Milo Domenico , Romagnani Sergio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurified T lymphocytes (E rosetting cells) isolated from peripheral blood (PB) of four patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were cloned under culture conditions (phytohemagglutinin plus interleukin 2) which allow clonal expansion of most T lymphocytes. A total number of 101 T cell clones (37 CD4+ and 64 CD8+) from PB of AIDS patients and of 188 T cell clones (115 CD4+ and 73 CD8+) from PB of four normal controls were obtained and tested for their helper function as well as for their capacity to release lymphokines. Unstimulated CD4+ TCC from patients with AIDS showed enhanced helper function for IgG synthesis in vitro in both autologous and normal allogeneic B cells in comparison to clonable CD4+ T cells of normal donors. Such activity was further potentiated by addition to the cell cultures of anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody. The majority of CD4+ T cell clones from AIDS patients showed a reduced ability to produce interleukin 2 and interferon‐γ in response to activation with phytohemagglutinin. However, most of them released greater amounts of soluble factor(s) able to promote B cell proliferation of anti‐IgM‐activated normal B cells and to induce the differentiation of normal B lymphocytes into IgG‐secreting cells.These data demonstrate that most surviving CD4+ T cells in PB of patients with AIDS belong to a T cell subset producing B cell growth and differentiation factors, which may contribute to the B cell hyperactivation seen in AIDS patients.
T lymphocyte recognition of acetylcholine receptor: Localization of the full T cell recognition profile on the extracellular part of the α chain of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Yokoi Tsuyoshi , Mulac‐Jeričević Biserka , Kurisaki Jun‐Ichi , Atassi M. Zouhair 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of eighteen consecutive overlapping synthetic peptides, of uniform size and overlaps, which encompass the entire extracellular part (residues 1–210) of the Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor α chain were examined in vitro for their ability to stimulate lymph node cells from acetylcholine receptor‐primed C57BL/6 (H‐2b), C3H/He (H‐2k), SWR (H‐2q) and SJL (H‐2s) mice. The recognition sites (T sites) by acetylcholine receptor‐primed lymph node cells from these mouse strains resided within six regions on the extracellular part of the α chain. Three of the regions recognized by T cells conincided with regions recognized by antibodies (i.e. B cells) and one of these three regions also coincided with an a‐neurotoxin‐binding region. It is noteworthy that, in addition to sites recognized by both T and B cells, the protein has at least two sites which are recognized exclusively by T cells and to which no detectable antibody responses are directed.
Suppressive effects of C3b on monocyte‐dependent T cell proliferation
Authors: Däubener Walter , Faßbender Birgit , Meuer Stefan , Bitter‐Suermann Dieter , Hadding Ulrich 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of C3b treatment of human monocytes on secondary antigen‐dependent T cell response was studied. When antigen‐specific T cell blasts were cultivated together with C3b‐treated monocytes the proliferative response was inhibited in a dose‐dependent fashion. This suppressive effect was specific for C3b because heat‐inactivated C3b or buffer alone had no influence on T cell proliferation. In part, this suppressive effect is mediated through a C3b‐induced decreased expression of class II antigens on the surface of treated monocytes, but another suppressive mechanism exists because the C3b pretreatment of monocytes also led to an inhibition of the proliferative response in a class II antigen‐independent T cell proliferation system. In addition to the C3b data, our finding that treatment of monocytes with C3d resulted in a lower T cell proliferation, while C3c has no effect, suggested that C3d, which could be generated from C3b in the culture, may induce the second inhibitory mechanism.
The role of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in human T lymphocyte activation. Inhibitors and antibodies against dipeptidyl peptidase IV suppress lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro
Authors: Schön Ekkehard , Jahn Sigbert , Kiessig Stephan T. , Demuth Hans‐Ulrich , Neubert Klaus , Barth Alfred , von Baehr Rüdiger , Ansorge Siegfried 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV), an ectoenzyme in the cell membrane of T lymphocytes, is an important constituent in the process of lymphocyte activation. This conclusion is drawn from the following observations: (a) Proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by mitogenic lectins (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen) is suppressed in the presence of DP IV inhibitors. This effect is specific and applies to an irreversible suicide inhibitor as well as to a competitive one in a dose‐dependent fashion. (b) Inhibition of DNA synthesis was also induced by a polyclonal anti‐DP IV immunoglobulin. (c) As a consequence of impaired T cell function the production of immunoglobulins by pokeweed mitogen‐stimulated lymphocytes is also markedly reduced in the presence of DP IV inhibitors.
Molecular analysis of the antigen receptor of virus‐specific cytotoxic T cells and identification of a new Vα family
Authors: Pircher Hanspeter , Michalopoulos E. Effie , Iwamoto Aichiki , Ohashi Pamela S. , Baenziger Jurg , Hengartner Hans , Zinkernagel Rolf M. , Mak Tak W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have determined the primary structure of the α/β‐antigen receptor of a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)‐specific cytotoxic T cell clone (P14). The β chain of the T cell receptor is composed of Vβ8.1, Dβ and Jβ2.4 gene segments while the α chain uses a member of the Vα2 family and Jα TA31. Southern blot analysis of a panel of six other independent LCMV‐specific cytotoxic T cell clones did not reveal any preferential usage of the Vα2 or Vβ8 gene families in the cytotoxic LCMV response. Additionally, we have isolated and sequenced cDNA clones derived from the non‐functionally rearranged α allele of P14. This transcript is composed of a unique Vα gene segment which belongs to a new Vα gene family.
Resistance of mouse cytolytic cells to pore‐forming protein‐mediated cytolysis
Authors: Shinkai Yo , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Hattori Masakazu , Okuimira Ko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPore‐forming protein (perforin, PFP) was isolated from a mouse large granular lymphocyte (LGL) [natural killer (NK‐like)] cell line. Purified PFP lysed a variety of mouse tumor cell lines and helper T lymphocyte cell lines. However, LGL and cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell lines were resistant to PFP‐mediated cell lysis. The presence of hemolytic activity in the granule was examined in these resistant cell lines. Four out of five of these resistant cell lines had hemolytically active granules. We determined whether NK cells freshly isolated from BALB/c nude mouse spleens were resistant to PFP‐mediated cytolysis. Nylon column‐passed spleen cells with an enriched content of NK cells exhibited more resistance than whole spleen cells. Moreover, when spleen cells were treated with PFP the remaining live cells showed enriched NK activity suggesting that normal peripheral cells with NK activity are resistant to PFP. These results indicate that cytolytic cells containing PFP have developed defense mechanisms to inhibit PEP‐mediated cell lysis.
Human immune response to allergens of house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. III. Cross‐reactivity of bystander idiotopes on allergen‐specific IgE antibodies
Authors: Saint‐Remy Jean‐Marie R. , Lebecque Serge J. , Lebrun Philippe M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRabbits were inoculated with affinity‐purified human antibodies to the common house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DPT) to produce anti‐idiotypic (Id) antibodies. The Id carried by human IgE antibodies were studied in a radio‐immunoassay in which specific anti‐DPT IgE were first insolubilized on rabbit F(ab′)2 fragments against human Fcϵ.In a single individual specific anti‐DPT IgE antibodies shared bystander idiotopes (i.e. idiotopes located outside the antigen‐binding site) with IgG antibodies of the same specificity, since the adsorption on insolubilized anti‐DPT IgG almost completely eliminated the binding of anti‐Id antibodies to IgE. This differed from our previous observations (J.M. R. Saint‐Remy et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1986. 16: 575) wherein distinct paratope‐associated idiotopes were identified on IgG and IgE anti‐DPT antibodies.The frequency of cross‐reactions between idiotopes of anti‐DPT IgE antibodies observed in ten unrelated individuals was less than 10% for bystander idiotopes. This finding confirmed the private character of the above idiotopes that we found earlier on anti‐DPT IgG antibodies. However, one anti‐Id antibody preparation was found to react with bystander idiotopes of anti‐DPT IgE of most individuals, thereby suggesting the existence of a recurrent idiotope. The low frequency of inter‐individual bystander idiotope cross‐reactivity contrasted with the public character of paratope‐associated idiotopes.
CDS and CD21 molecules are a functional unit in the cell/substrate adhesion of B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Bergui Luciana , Tesio Luisa , Schena Marina , Riva Margherita , Malavasi Fabio , Schulz Thomas , Marchisio Pier Carlo , Caligaris‐Cappio Federico 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe modulation of surface molecules on B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) cells was studied in vitro by incubation with CD19, CD20, CD21, CD5 and anti‐IgM antibodies. The cytoplasmic changes were evaluated by analyzing the organization of cytoskeletal F‐actin and the adhesive properties of stimulated B‐CLL cells. The following observations were made: (a) CD5 antigen is capped on the surface of B‐CLL cells (but not on normal CD5+ B and T lymphocytes), (b) On B‐CLL cells, CD5 and CD21, the receptors for the C3d fraction of complement, co‐cap and co‐modulate while surface IgM as well as CD19 and CD20 do not cap. (c) B‐CLL cells, after capping of CD5 or CD21 surface molecules, fail to organize F‐actin into podosomes. (d) The pre‐incubation of B‐CLL cells with either CD5 or CD21 antibodies prevents their binding to purified C3d protein used to coat coverslips. These data indicate that an intimate spatial relationship exists between CD5 and CD21 molecules on the B‐CLL surface. The CD5‐CD21 complex is involved in the redistribution of cytoskeletal proteins which may control the adhesive properties of these malignant B cells.
Human antibody responses to Schistosoma mansoni: the influence of epitopes shared between different life‐cycle stages on the response to the schistosomulum
Authors: Dunne David W. , Grabowska Anna M. , Fulford Anthony J. C. , Butterworth Anthony E. , Sturrock Robert F. , Koech Davy , Ouma John H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSera from 120 Kenyan schoolchildren who were infected with S. mansoni were individually examined, using an enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies reactive with antigens derived from adult worms, the outer membrane of the schistosomulum or from the parasite egg. In addition, antibodies against more purified egg antigens, an egg stage‐specific glycoprotein preparation and a polysaccharide egg antigen known to share epitopes with the schistosomular surface were measured in ELISA, as were antibodies reactive with trichloroacetic acid‐soluble and periodate‐insensitive antigens derived from the outer membrane of schistosomulum and antigens shed when schistosomula were cultured in vitro. IgG subclass responses to the unfractionated egg antigen were also measured. The results from each of these assays were compared with the results of each other assay and with the number of parasite eggs excreted by each child, using Spearmans rank correlations.These comparisons revealed a number of statistically significant positive correlations. IgG4 anti‐egg antibodies correlated better with intensity of infection than did other IgG subclasses. Total IgG responses against polysaccharide antigens did not correlate with intensity of infection as well as IgG responses against other antigens; epitopes shared between the schistosomulum surface and the adult worm were different to those shared with the parasite egg; and, there was antigen‐directed restriction of IgG subclass responses to some egg and adult worm antigens which carried these shared epitopes. It is argued that this might have a qualitative effect on the nature of the antibodies directed against the schistosomulum by infected individuals and therefore have important consequences for the outcome of a subsequent exposure to infection with the same parasite.
Differential expression and interferon response of HLA class I genes in thymocyte lines and response variants
Authors: Girdlestone John , Milstein Cesar 
Published: March 2007

AbstractcDNA clones which seem to represent the alleles of HLA‐A and ‐B expressed by the thymoma MOLT‐4 have been isolated and used as locus‐specific probes to measure the corresponding mRNA levels in MOLT‐4 and other human thymocyte lines, and the effect of interferon (IFN)−α and −γ on these levels. It is shown in MOLT‐4, and in its derived line YHHH, that HLA‐B mRNA levels are undetectable before treatment but respond to IFN‐α and −γ more markedly than those of HLA‐A. This differential induction is best shown with YHHH, which is hypersensitive to IFN‐α, where the HLA‐B mRNA levels increase to a level threefold those of HLA‐A. Other thymocyte lines tested also showed preferential induction by IFN‐α of HLA‐B, although the basal levels of HLA‐A and ‐B tended to be similar. The effect of the altered ratio of HLA‐A to ‐B mRNA on surface expression of the antigens and the correlation between basal level expression and inducibility are discussed.
Isolation of antigen‐specific T cell clones from nonresponder mice
Authors: Abromson‐Leeman Sara , Laning Joseph , Cantor Harvey , Dorf Martin E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe mechanisms responsible for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐linked unresponsiveness are still poorly understood. Here we examine the cellular events that follow when B10.A mice are immunized with cow insulin, an antigen to which they make no apparent immunologic response. Despite the fact that there is no detectable antibody or T cell proliferative response to cow insulin, we have been able to clone out responding T cells after priming and restimulating in vitro with this “nonimmunogenic” antigen. These cells are L3T4+, and co‐recognize specific antigen and class II MHC gene products. The data demonstrate that “nonresponder” mice to cow insulin have both the capacity to present antigen and T cells capable of recognizing that antigen. The diversity within this population was investigated by analyzing various parameters of cellular activation. These include fine specificity of both antigen and MHC recognition, as well as recognition of allogeneic MHC and Mls determinants. In addition, the antigen‐presenting cell requirements were studied. The results demonstrate that this population comprise a surprisingly heterogeneous group in terms of its repertoire of receptors.
Immunoglobulin gene expression is a normal differentiation event in embryonic thymocytes
Authors: Gallagher Pauline F. , Miller Jacques F. A. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBy in situ hybridization to frozen sections of mouse embryos, we have localized cells transcribing the Ig Cμ, gene during ontogeny. Transcripts were detected from before day 14 of gestation in individual pre‐B cells in the liver and, surprisingly, in a large proportion of thymocytes between days 15 and 18. The level of μ RNA sequences in the thymus at day 17 was much higher than has been observed for adult thymocytes; from grain counts, the amount of μ RNA was similar to that observed for Ti γ RNA. These findings suggest that Ig and Ti genes are under similar transcriptional controls during Ti gene recombination and that elevated μ RNA production is a normal event early in the intrathymic differentiation of T cells.
Memory B cells in T cell‐dependent antibody responses colonize the splenic marginal zones
Authors: Liu Yong‐Jun , Oldfield Susan , Maclennan Ian C. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSpecific hapten‐binding B cells were identified in the splenic marginal zones following immunization with hapten‐protein conjugates. Hapten binding by marginal zone B cells does not appear to be due to passive absorption of anti‐hapten antibody. For double immunization with two haptens, 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) and 2‐phenylox‐azalone (Ox) each conjugated to hemocyanin, resulting in the appearance of discrete DNP‐binding cells and Ox‐binding cells in the marginal zone. Very few cells were identified which bound both haptens. The hapten‐binding cells in the marginal zones have a phenotype characteristic of other marginal zone B cells. They express surface IgM but not IgD. Occasional cells also have surface IgG2C. All hapten‐binding cells possessed the antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody HIS 14 but lacked those identified by HIS 24 and HIS 22. Hapten‐binding B cells were shown to have been in cell cycle shortly before entering the marginal zone but were no longer in cell cycle after arriving at that site. Once in the marginal zone hapten‐binding cells were shown to remain in that site for upwards of 2 weeks. Following reimmunization with DNP‐hemocyanin, DNP‐binding but not Ox‐binding cells were lost from the marginal zone. At the same time DNP‐binding cells arrived in the periarteriolar lymphocytic sheath and to a lesser extent the follicles. These cells were in active cycle and appeared to give rise both to plasma cells and marginal zone hapten‐binding cells. It is concluded that hapten‐binding cells found in the marginal zones are memory B cells i.e. they have been derived from B cells which have undergone antigen‐driven proliferation, they are no longer in cell cycle but can be induced to re‐enter cell cycle by subsequent exposure to antigen.Good antibody responses were obtained following immunization with hapten‐polysaccharides; however, no hapten‐binding cells appeared in the marginal zones in response to these T cell‐independent type 2 antigens.
A significant proportion of normal resting B cells are induced to secrete immunoglobulin through contact with anti‐receptor antibody‐activated helper T cells in clonal cultures
Authors: Riedel Catherine , Owens Trevor , Nossal Gustav J. V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis report describes single‐cell techniques to address the nature of a cellular interaction in which activated T lymphocytes stimulate small resting B cells to develop into antibody‐forming cell clones in the absence of any surface immunoglobulin ligand or an antigen bridge. The cloned T helper cell line E9.D4 was stimulated with the anti‐Vβ8 antibody F23.1 bound to the plastic of Terasaki 10‐γl culture wells. When an excess of T helper lymphocytes was used (1000 X‐irradiated or 600 unirradiated, stimulated E9.D4 cells), 10‐25% of B cells responded by antibody formation as judged by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay performed after 5 days of culture. When one or a very small number of B cells were present, the rate‐limiting step to antibody‐forming cell formation was the number of T cells present. Far fewer T cells sufficed for stimulation when culture trays were tilted to force T and B cells into proximity at the sulcus formed at the bottom edge of the culture wells. When T cell numbers were limiting, unirradiated T cells out‐performed irradiated T cells. Some cell clones held for 7 days switched to IgG antibody production.E9.D4 supernatants were virtually ineffective in causing B cell stimulation, even when 3T3 filler cells were added to support cultures. The results suggest that cell contact, and perhaps conjugate formation, with a strongly activated T cell can cause changes in the adjacent resting B cells akin to those of Ig receptor cross‐linking, following which a lymphokine flux (even one not involving IL4 and 5) promotes antibody‐forming cell development.
Immunoregulatory functions of paf‐acether II. Decrease of CD2 and CD3 antigen expression
Authors: Vivier Eric , Salem Patrick , Dulioust Anne , Praseuth Daniele , Metezeau Philippe , Benveniste Jacques , Thomas YolèNe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPaf‐acether (platelet‐activating factor) is a phospholipid initially described as a potent platelet‐aggregating compound. It is produced by numerous cell types and is now considered as an important mediator of cell‐cell interactions. The effect of paf‐acether on the expression of CD2 and CD3, two human T cell surface glycoproteins, was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Paf‐acether partially down‐regulated, in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, CD2 and CD3 but not HLA class I antigen expression on peripheral human T cells and Jurkat cells. Lysophosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid closely related to paf‐acether, had no detectable modulatory effect on CD2 and CD3 expression. In addition to CD2/CD3 modulation, pafacether markedly inhibited T cell proliferative response not only to phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A but also to anti‐CD3 or a stimulatory combination of anti‐CD2 monoclonal antibodies. These data demonstrate for the first time that lipid mediators such as paf‐acether might be involved in the regulation of the expression of cell surface glycoproteins that are essential in the execution of T cell function.