bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erlotinib-Induced Breast Cancer Regression
Authors: Catania Chiara , Martino De Pas Tommaso , Pelosi Giuseppe , Manzotti Michela , Adamoli Laura , Nolè Franco , Goldhirsch Aran 
Published: October 2006

Objective: To report a case of erlotinib-induced breast cancer regression. Case Summary: A 38-year-old woman developed bilateral locoregional malignant cutaneous lymphangitis following a right subcutaneous mastectomy and 3 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. After several systemic chemotherapy regimens, the lymphangitis worsened rapidly, with progressive skin ulceration. Morphine and dexamethasone were given, with suboptimal pain control. A chemotherapy regimen of gemcitabine and vinorelbine was started. After 2 full-dose administrations, while lymphangitis continued to worsen, erlotinib 150 mg/day was added to the regimen. After 10 weeks of treatment, pain subsided and analgesics were discontinued. Physical examination revealed a partial regression of malignant cutaneous lymphangitis and pulmonary metastases, with resolution of ulceration. Discussion: There has been increased interest in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. Gefitinib has shown a low level of efficacy, while preliminary clinical data on erlotinib were not conclusive and suggested lack of clinical activity. Molecular analysis of the tumor in our patient revealed a profile predictive of response to EGFR selective inhibitors in some patients with lung cancer. Conclusions: The addition of erlotinib to our patient's chemotherapy regimen resulted in antitumor activity in breast cancer in which an activated EGFR pathway was demonstrated. This finding is consistent with available preclinical and clinical data on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors across tumor types and supports the efforts to optimize EGFR selective inhibitors in treating breast cancer and other malignancies.
Treatment of Burkitt's Lymphoma During Pregnancy
Authors: Lam Masha SH 
Published: October 2006

Objective: To report a case of both successful maternal treatment outcome and normal fetal outcome in a patient who was diagnosed with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and aggressively treated with 6 different chemotherapy agents during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Case Summary: A 21-year-old white woman was diagnosed with stage II BL of the head and neck at 26 weeks' gestation. She was treated with 2 cycles of systemic intensive polychemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, cytarabine, etoposide, ifosfamide, mesna, and intrathecal cytarabine with growth factor support during the second and third trimesters. She delivered a healthy, premature boy 6 weeks after diagnosis. At a follow-up 1 year after diagnosis, the patient remained disease-free and the baby remained healthy. Discussion: The prognosis of BL depends on the stage at diagnosis, as well as treatment aggressiveness. Previous reports indicate that most patients diagnosed with BL during pregnancy received either no treatment or only one chemotherapy agent, and the majority ultimately died of rapidly progressive diseases. The fetal outcomes seem to depend primarily on the time of exposure to chemotherapy and/or radiation, doses, specific chemotherapy agent given, and frequency of treatment during pregnancy. Limited retrospective data suggest that chemotherapy given after the first trimester is relatively safe and does not adversely affect the short-and long-term fetal outcomes. Conclusions: Treatment of BL during pregnancy can be very challenging because an aggressive approach is the main key to maximize the patient's long-term disease-free survival. However, the health of the unborn child should also be a concern when choosing treatment. This case demonstrates that combination chemotherapy given after the first trimester did not result in any congenital malformations or acute adverse effects in the fetus. Long-term follow-up of the child remains necessary to evaluate possible long-term complications.
Narrative research in psychotherapy: A critical review
Authors: Avdi Evrinomy , Georgaca Eugenie 
Published: October 2006

Purpose. This paper is a review of studies which utilise the notion of narrative to analyse psychotherapy. Its purpose is to systematically present this diverse field of research, to highlight common themes and divergences between different strands and to further the development and integration of narrative research in psychotherapy.Methods. The paper reviews studies which employ an applied textual analysis of narratives produced in the context of psychotherapy. Criteria for inclusion of studies are, firstly, the analysis of therapeutic and therapy‐related texts and, secondly, the adoption of a narrative psychological perspective. The studies were examined on the basis of the notion of narrative they employ and the aspects of client narratives they focus on, and were grouped accordingly in the review.Results. The majority of the studies reviewed assume a constructivist approach to narrative, adopt a representational view of language, focus primarily on client micro‐narratives and relate to cognitive‐constructivist and process‐experiential psychotherapeutic approaches. A smaller group of studies assume a social constructionist approach to narrative and a functional view of language, focus on micro‐narratives, highlight the interactional and wider social aspects of narrative and relate to postmodern trends in psychotherapy.Conclusions. The range of conceptualisations of narrative in the studies reviewed, from a representational psychological view to a constructionist social view, reflects tensions within narrative psychology itself. Moreover, two trends can be discerned in the field reviewed, narrative analysis of therapy, which draws from narrative theory and utilises the analytic approaches of narrative research to study psychotherapy, and analyses of narrative in therapy, which study client narratives using non‐narrative qualitative methods. Finally, the paper highlights the need for integration of this diverse field of research and urges for the development of narrative studies of psychotherapy which employ a broader social understanding of narrative production and transformation.
Spine Ca2+Signaling in Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity
Authors: Nevian Thomas , Sakmann Bert 
Published: October 2006

Calcium is a second messenger, which can trigger the modification of synaptic efficacy. We investigated the question of whether a differential rise in postsynaptic Ca2+([Ca2+]i) alone is sufficient to account for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of EPSPs in the basal dendrites of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex. Volume-averaged [Ca2+]itransients were measured in spines of the basal dendritic arbor for spike-timing-dependent plasticity induction protocols. The rise in [Ca2+]iwas uncorrelated to the direction of the change in synaptic efficacy, because several pairing protocols evoked similar spine [Ca2+]itransients but resulted in either LTP or LTD. The sequence dependence of near-coincident presynaptic and postsynaptic activity on the direction of changes in synaptic strength suggested that LTP and LTD were induced by two processes, which were controlled separately by postsynaptic [Ca2+]ilevels. Activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+channels before metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) resulted in the phospholipase C-dependent (PLC-dependent) synthesis of endocannabinoids, which acted as a retrograde messenger to induce LTD. LTP required a large [Ca2+]itransient evoked by NMDA receptor activation. Blocking mGluRs abolished the induction of LTD and uncovered the Ca2+-dependent induction of LTP.We conclude that the volume-averaged peak elevation of [Ca2+]iin spines of layer 2/3 pyramids determines the magnitude of long-term changes in synaptic efficacy. The direction of the change is controlled, however, via a mGluR-coupled signaling cascade. mGluRs act in conjunction with PLC as sequence-sensitive coincidence detectors when postsynaptic precede presynaptic action potentials to induce LTD. Thus presumably two different Ca2+sensors in spines control the induction of spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity.
Relationship between adiponectin levels, acylated ghrelin levels, and short-term body mass index changes in children with diabetes mellitus type 1 at diagnosis and after insulin therapy
Authors: Martos-Moreno Gabriel Á , Barrios Vicente , Soriano-Guillén Leandro , Argente Jesús 
Published: October 2006

Objective: To determine the effect of the initial metabolic imbalance and its restoration after insulin therapy on adiponectin and acylated ghrelin levels in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Study design: Twenty prepubertal children with newly diagnosed T1DM were prospectively studied at diagnosis and after 1 and 4 months of therapy. Body mass index (BMI) and serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, total and acylated ghrelin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. The control group comprised 40 healthy prepubertal children.
Results: BMI was decreased at diagnosis, normalized at 1 month, and remained so thereafter. Adiponectin levels at diagnosis were similar to controls, increasing significantly after 1 month and normalizing at 4 months. Acylated ghrelin levels were lower at diagnosis, with a significant increase at 1 month and normalizing at 4 months. Resistin levels were normal at all time points. Leptin levels were decreased, while TNF-α and IL-6 were increased at diagnosis and normalized at 1 month.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that BMI is not the main predictor of acylated ghrelin or adiponectin levels in newly diagnosed T1DM subjects and that these peptides may play an important role in the metabolic adaptation in this disease.
Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in orbital fibroadipose connective tissues of Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients
Authors: Konuk E Berrin Yuksel , Konuk Onur , Misirlioglu Muge , Menevse Adnan , Unal Mehmet 
Published: October 2006

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of cycloocygenase-2 (COX-2) in orbital fibroadipose connective tissue in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) patients, and investigate the associations between COX-2 expression and GO characteristics.
Methods: The orbital fibroadipose connective tissues of 23 cases demonstrating moderate or severe GO, and eight control subjects without any history of thyroid or autoimmune disease were analyzed for COX-2 mRNA expression. Real-time relative quantitative PCR was performed to assess transcripts of COX-2 using the LightCycler. The disease activity was evaluated by the clinical activity score (CAS). The clinical features of GO were evaluated by total eye score (TES) and the cases were divided into two groups; type 1 cases included higher degrees of proptosis with orbital fat volume increase, and type 2 cases included cases with compressive neuropathy and limited extraocular muscle functions.
Results: The mean ± s.d. disease duration was 5.7 ± 7.1 years. The mean ± s.d. CAS and TES of cases were 1.60 ± 1.04 and 7.5 ± 1.8 respectively. The mean ± s.d. expression of COX-2 was 0.023 ± 0.013 and 0.010 ± 0.002 in GO cases and controls (P = 0.008), and 0.015 ± 0.073 and 0.029 ± 0.135 in type 1 and type 2 cases respectively (P = 0.007). COX-2 expression showed a statistically significant positive correlation with TES (r = 0.634, P = 0.001), and a negative correlation with the disease duration (r = −0.621, P = 0.002).
Conclusions: COX-2 is expressed at higher levels in orbital fibroadipose tissues of GO cases. This showed a positive correlation with increasing severity of orbital disease suggesting possible relation with COX-2 expression and orbital inflammation in GO.
Development of a Non-Pneumatic Wheel
Authors: Rhyne T. B. , Cron S. M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The pneumatic tire has proven to be the dominant design for rolling transport since shortly after its invention by John Boyd Dunlop in 1888. This paper identifies four critical characteristics that led to the success of the pneumatic tire: low energy loss on rough surfaces, low vertical stiffness, low contact pressure, and low mass. A non-pneumatic structure is proposed that exhibits these four critical characteristics while breaking some of the most restrictive design constraints imposed by pneumatic mechanics. This structure consists of a circular beam composed of two inextensible membranes separated by a relatively low modulus elastic material. The beam is connected to a hub by thin elastic spokes. This structure forming an integrated tire∕wheel is called a Tweel™.
A Finite Element Algorithm for the Prediction of Steady-State Temperatures of Rolling Tires
Authors: Narasimha Rao K. V. , Kumar R. Krishna , Bohara P. C. , Mukhopadhyay R. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A review of the literature on the numerical techniques used for the determination of tire temperatures shows that many attempts have been made to simulate tire temperatures with axisymmetric geometry through a simple decoupled representation of the total thermomechanical behavior. The deformation models used in these studies are primarily statically loaded tires with centrifugal forces to simulate tire-rolling behavior at different speeds. These techniques are usually limited to axisymmetric tires, which make the models applicable to only smooth or circumferential grooved tires. In this study, a finite element (FE) algorithm is developed using Petrov-Galerkin Eulerian technique in cylindrical coordinates. An objective of this approach is to provide a technique that is more appropriate for extension to nonaxisymmetric tires with tread patterns. The developed algorithm has been implemented for the prediction of three-dimensional operating temperatures for axisymmetric tires through a simple decoupled procedure. An iterative procedure is used to determine that the equilibrium temperatures, as loss modulus properties, are functions of strain and temperature. The experimental techniques required to determine tire operating temperatures are fairly involved and highly sophisticated. Therefore, the computation results of the developed algorithm for a smooth treaded tire are compared with the results obtained from a standard FE solver.
Soil adsorption defluoridation of drinking water for an Ethiopian rural community
Authors: Errico M. , Desogus F. , Mascia M. , Tola G. , Dendena L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractContent of fluoride compounds in some typical Ethiopian water sources was analysed and several commonly available soils were characterized for their adsorption properties regarding the water defluoridation. Various soils were collected in different Ethiopian sites and the samples were analysed by X-ray diffractometry for their mineralogical composition. Batch experimental runs at room temperature were performed to evaluate the adsorption capacity of each soil sample as well as to deduce the adsorption isotherms of fluoride ions with respect to the examined soils. The best soil was identified in terms of adsorption capacity and considered for the design of two different adsorption apparatuses. Considering the water consumption of a small rural community, the capacity of the adsorption unit was selected to assure a reduction of the fluoride concentration in drinking water to the limits recommended by the World Health Organization and to allow a suitable working time of the adsorption unit before the replacement of adsorbent would be necessary.
Synthesis and separation properties for Cu(II)‐Ni(II) of macroporous crosslinked polystyrene‐supported triethylenetetramine resin using Cu(II) as template
Authors: Sun Changmei , Qu Rongjun , Sun Xiangrong , Ji Chunnuan , Wang Chunhua 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new method for preparing a novel macroporous chelating resin that has good adsorption capability for Cu(II) and high selectivity for it with the coexistence of Ni(II) was introduced in this article. First, the aminated resin (PS‐TETA) was synthesized by the reaction of crosslinked macroporous chloromethylated polystyrene with triethylenetetramine. Subsequently, PS‐TETA was coordinated with Cu(II) and then PS‐TETA‐Cu was obtained. After the crosslinking reaction of PS‐TETA‐Cu with epoxy chloropropane, the adsorbed Cu(II) was removed by chlorhydric acid, and then the target resin‐Cu(II) template triethylenetetramine crosslinked polystyrene resin was obtained. The selectively sorption tests for Cu(II) showed that the sorption capacity was as high as 1.6 mmol/g and the selectivity coefficient αCu(II)/Ni(II) could reach to 9.06 with the coexistence of Ni(II). SEM and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K methods were used to characterize the porous structure of the resin. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 963–967, 2007
Physical properties and morphology of polycaprolactone/starch/pine‐leaf composites
Authors: Kim Eung Gu , Kim Beom Soo , Kim Dae Su 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPolycaprolactone (PCL)/starch and PCL/starch/pine‐leaf composites, which can be possibly applied as biodegradable food packaging materials with natural pine flavor, were prepared and characterized in this study. The effect of incorporating a silane coupling agent at different content levels on the physical properties and morphology of the composites was studied. To investigate the melting behavior of the composites, a differential scanning calorimetry was employed. A universal testing machine was used to investigate the tensile properties of the composites and the water absorption properties of the composites were also investigated. Scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the morphology of the composites. The physical properties and morphology of the PCL/starch and PCL/starch/pine‐leaf composites were largely affected by the composition, especially the content of the silane coupling agent. The silane coupling agent led to a much better interfacial compatibility between the PCL matrix and the fillers and resulted in better physical properties of the composites. The PCL/starch/pine‐leaf composite with the silane coupling agent showed a morphology, indicating a good interfacial adhesion between the PCL matrix and the fillers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 928–934, 2007
Effect of annealing on the structure and properties of polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber by melt‐spinning
Authors: Li Xianfeng , Lu Xiaolong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPolyvinylidene fluoride hollow fibers were prepared by melt‐spinning technique under three spinning temperatures. The effects of annealing treatment on the structure and properties of hollow fiber were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. DSC and WAXD results indicated that the annealing not only produced secondary crystallization but also perfected primary crystallization, and spinning and annealing temperature influenced the crystallinity of hollow fiber: the crystallinity decreased with the increase of spinning temperature; 140°C annealing increased the crystallinity, and hardly influenced the orientation of hollow fiber; above 150°C annealing increased the crystallinity as well, and furthermore had a comparative effect on the orientation. The tensile tests showed that the annealed samples, which did not present the obvious yield point, exhibited characteristics of hard elasticity, and all the hollow fiber had no neck phenomenon. Compared with the annealed sample, the precursor presented a clear yield point. In addition, the annealed samples had a higher break strength and initial modulus by contrast with the precursor, and the 140°C annealed sample showed the smallest break elongation. SEM demonstrated the micro‐fiber structure appeared in surface of drawn sample. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 935–941, 2007
Effect of molecular structures on polyimide properties: Comparison between estimations and experiments
Authors: Xu Yexin , Chen Cuixian , Zhang Pengxia , Sun Benhui , Li Jiding 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe density and glass transition temperature (Tg) of 11 polyimides were investigated by experiments and predictions using the connectivity indices method to explore the structure–property relationships. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The mean interchain spacings (d‐spacings) of polyimides increase with the introduction of bridging groups, i.e., following the order: PDA < BZD < ODA < MDA < BDAF, while the densities increase in the order of MDA < BZD < PDA, and cohesive energy densities (CEDs) of polyimides change following the order of BDAF < MDA < ODA < BZD < PDA. In addition, the glass transition temperatures (Tg's) increase as the CEDs increase for the polyimides prepared from the same dianhydride and different diamines, whereas no certain correlation exists between Tg's and the values of the characteristic ratio (C∞). This indicates that the strength of interchain interaction influences the Tg's of polyimides much stronger than the chain flexibility. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 998–1003, 2007
A novel and facile method for the synthesis of octa(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane and its nanocomposites with bismaleimide‐diamine resin
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xu Ri‐Wei , Yu Ding‐Sheng 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOcta(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane (OAPS) was prepared from octa(nitrophenyl)silsesquioxane (ONPS) by using the stable, inexpensive, and readily available hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent with a yield of around 86%. The product was characterized by FTIR, GPC, 1H NMR, 29Si NMR, and XRD. It was found that the time period for preparation of ONPS from octaphenylsilsesquioxane could be considerably shortened, reaching the complete nitration and avoiding double nitration of the aromatic rings. The polyimides were prepared by the reaction of N,N′‐bismaleimido‐4,4′‐diphenylmethane with OAPS and 4,4′‐diamino‐diphenyl ether. The structure of resulting organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites was characterized by XRD and FTIR. The decomposition temperature and char yield of resulting materials increased with increasing OAPS loading. The DSC data showed that the glass transition temperature of nanocomposite was enhanced by 36°C with the content of OAPS around 15 wt %. As the feed amount of OAPS increased further, the decrease in Tg's could be observed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1004–1010, 2007
Electric conductivity of PS/PA6/carbon black composites
Authors: Xu Zhongbin , Zhao Chao , Gu Aijuan , Fang Zhengping 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPolystyrene (PS)/nylon6 (PA6)/carbon black (CB) composites were prepared in Haake rheometer. The factors influencing the electric conductivity of PS/PA6/CB composites were investigated. Results showed that CB particles only distribute in PA6 phase because of the strong polarity of PA6. The CB content in PA6 phase and the morphology of PA6/CB phase affect the electric conductivity of PS/PA6/CB composites. No matter the PA6/CB phase is continuous or dispersed, the electric conductivity of PS/PA6/CB composites increases with the increase of CB content in the PA6 phase; higher continuous degree of PA6/CB phase leads to higher electric conductivity. A new term, statistical average critical distance (SACD), was defined to explain the electric mechanism of PS/PA6/CB composites, which is a function of CB content in PA6. The SACD of PS/PA6/CB composites, in which CB content is 23 wt % in PA6, was quantitatively counted, which is about 54 nm. Keeping the CB content in composites at 5.67 wt %, the optimum mass ratio of PS/PA6 for the composites having the highest electric conductivity is 80 : 20, resulting from the competitive result of the earlier two factors (that is the CB content in PA6 phase and the morphology of PA6/CB phase). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1042–1047, 2007