bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capital One banks on Six Sigma for strategy execution and culture transformation
Authors: Immaneni Aravind , McCombs Allen , Cheatham Gus , Andrews Ron 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWhen a major shift in strategy propelled Capital One Direct Banking business in a new direction, the organization—arming itself with Six Sigma expertise and capabilities—set out to change its management model, redesign its major business processes, and nurture a culture centered around customer focus and continuous improvement. Three years later, the associates have embraced this new culture of customer focus and a commitment to continuous improvement—all with enviable results to the bottom line. The Direct Banking business has been recognized both internally within Capital One and by external organizations with numerous awards for accomplishing this impressive cultural transformation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coaching leaders to be coaches at EDS
Authors: Moran Jane 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAs part of EDS's recent corporate transformation, a two‐pronged coaching initiative is helping leaders think more innovatively, take inspired action, and be more accountable. A brain‐based approach provides a coaching framework for professional delivery of one‐on‐one coaching and for equipping all leaders with the skills to coach others in the organization. A coach or leader uses the four‐step methodology to move an individual through the mental stages necessary to alter brain patterns in a way that leads to sustainable behavior change. Coaching skills training is being delivered to EDS leaders around the globe through interactive teleconference sessions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FTIR and FT‐Raman spectra and density functional computations of the vibrational spectra, molecular geometry and atomic charges of the biomolecule: 5‐bromouracil
Authors: Rastogi V. K. , Palafox M. A. , Mittal L. , Peica N. , Kiefer W. , Lang K. , Ojha S. P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFTIR and FT‐Raman spectra of 5‐bromouracil in the powder form were recorded in the region 400–4000 cm−1 and 50–4000 cm−1, respectively. The observed wavenumbers were analysed and assigned to different normal modes of vibration of the molecule. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to support the assignments of the observed wavenumbers. The performance of the B3LYP hybrid density functional (DFT) method was compared with other methods. With the 6–31 G** and 6–311 + G(2d,p) basis sets, the calculated geometry, dipole moments and harmonic vibrations were determined. A comparison with the uracil molecule was made, and specific scale factors were deduced and employed in the predicted wavenumbers of 5‐bromouracil. The total atomic charges and thermodynamic parameters were calculated, and are discussed briefly. Structure and harmonic vibrations of 5‐bromouracil were also calculated in the presence of water within a simple model with one molecule. It is observed that the bromine atom at position 5 exhibits smaller inductive effects than the fluorine atom, producing a small distortion of the electrostatic potential around the ring and a reduction of the molecular dipole moment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some aspects of SERS temporal fluctuations: analysis of the most intense spectra of hydrogenated amorphous carbon deposited on silver
Authors: Kudelski Andrzej 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (aC:H) deposited on silver substrates have been recorded with a confocal Raman microscope. When scattered radiation is collected during a short time from an area of a few square micrometres, the subsequently measured SERS spectra often exhibit strong temporal changes (fluctuations). In this paper we present examples of spectra for which the intensity maxima of the fluctuating narrow Raman bands are significantly higher than that of the background (the background is usually dominated by two broad Raman bands centred at about 1350 and 1590 cm−1). In a series of successively measured spectra, one can find spectra with noticeably different total integral intensity. This suggests that the results of averaging the spectra revealing strong and weak fluctuations may be different (at least in intensity). The influence of some electrolytes on the SERS spectral fluctuations is also analysed. Our experiments revealed that the efficiencies of quenching of the SERS spectral fluctuations by various electrolytes are significantly different. We suggest that only anions directly interacting with the metal surface quench strong SERS fluctuations, and that the large differences between chloride and perchloride solutions are caused by differences in the strength of interaction of Cl− and ClO4− anions with the silver surface. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman studies of the underglaze blue pigment on ceramic artefacts of the Ming dynasty and of unknown origins
Authors: Kock L. D. , De Waal D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA micro‐Raman spectroscopic study of underglaze blue ceramic shards was undertaken. The shards in this study are of Ming, Meissen and unknown origins. The Ming samples were donated to the National Cultural History Museum in Pretoria by private collectors and were confirmed by the museum as originating from the Ming period (1368–1644) in China. The shards of unknown origin were also supplied by the Museum and were excavated at sites in and around the city of Pretoria, South Africa. The shard obtained from the Museum für Angewandte Kunst, Frankfurt am Main, originated from Meissen, close to Dresden in Germany and dates from the late 19th century. The blue pigment on all the shards was probed by focussing through the glaze at the ceramic/glaze interface using the depth‐profiling method. The blue pigment used for decoration in all samples that were studied has been identified as the spinel‐structured cobalt blue or cobalt aluminium oxide (CoAl2O4) and was shown to be mixed with amorphous carbon in two of the unknown archaeological shards, presumably to obtain a darker shade of blue. The unknown shards are also shown to contain white anatase (TiO2) applied on the surfaces prior to application of the colour and glaze, thereby suggesting the use of a two‐step technology for the unknown archaeological shards as opposed to a single‐step technology used by the Ming manufacturers. These differences could be used to distinguish shards of Ming origin from others. The method of probing the blue pigment through the glaze proved very useful and can now be extended to the study of underglaze pigments on the large number of intact glazed ceramic artefacts in museums around the world for comparison with archaeological shard samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectroscopy investigation using ab initio and density functional theory on flucytosine
Authors: Seshadri S. , Gunasekaran S. , Muthu S. , Kumaresan S. , Arunbalaji R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe FT Raman and FTIR spectra of flucytosine were recorded in the region 3500–100 cm−1 and 4000–400 cm−1, respectively. The optimized geometry, wavenumber and intensity of the vibrational bands of flucytosine were obtained by ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) levels with complete relaxation in the potential energy surface using the 6‐31G(d,p) and 6‐311G(d,p) basis sets. A complete vibrational assignment aided by the theoretical harmonic frequency analysis is proposed. The harmonic vibrational wavenumbers calculated are compared with experimental FTIR and FT Raman spectra. The observed and the calculated wavenumbers are found to be in good agreement. The experimental spectra also coincide satisfactorily with those of theoretically constructed bar‐type spectrograms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of osmotic pretreatment and microwave frying on acrylamide formation in potato strips
Authors: Sahin Serpil , Sumnu Gulum , Oztop Mecit Halil 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The presence of acrylamide, a probable carcinogen, is currently a major concern relating to the consumption of fried products. Therefore, recent frying studies have focused on ways of reducing the acrylamide content. The main objective of the present study was to determine the effects of microwave frying and osmotic treatment prior to frying on acrylamide formation in potato strips.RESULTS: Potatoes fried using 400 W microwave power for 1.0 min had an 87.85% lower acrylamide content than potatoes fried conventionally for 4.5 min (i.e. an 81.82% reduction in frying time) but a comparable moisture content. The acrylamide content of fried potatoes treated osmotically prior to both microwave and conventional frying was found to be lower than that of fried potatoes not pretreated osmotically. However, the reduction in acrylamide content was lower when osmotic treatment was applied before microwave frying.CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, it was concluded that microwave frying can be an alternative to conventional frying. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous determination of phenols in Radix Polygalae by high performance liquid chromatography: Quality assurance of herbs from different regions and seasons
Authors: Li Jun , Dong Xiaobing , Jiang Yong , Gao Qiutao , Jiang Zhiyong , Cheung Anna W. H. , Duan Ran , Dong Tina T. X. , Tu Pengfei , Tsim Karl W. K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRadix Polygalae, roots of Polygala tenuifolia or of Polygala sibirica, is a Chinese herbal medicine commonly used to prevent dementia. Reliable chemical markers for quality assurance of this herb are missing. Here, a high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detection was developed to simultaneously determine nine different phenols in Radix Polygalae, including sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, glomeratose A, tenuifoliside A, glomeratose D, 3′,6‐di‐O‐sinapoyl sucrose ester, mangiferin, polygalaxanthone III, and polygalaxanthone XI. By using two different detection wavelengths in the HPLC analysis, the developed method was able to determine the phenols with excellent resolution, precision, and recovery. This established method was therefore applied to determine the amounts of phenols in thirty‐two samples from different cultivation regions and harvest seasons in China, and significant variations were revealed. The amounts of phenols in the roots of P. tenuifolia collected in Shanxi and Shannxi Provinces were markedly higher than in roots collected from other Provinces. Moreover, the samples harvested in the spring contained higher contents of phenols than those collected in other seasons.
Stereoselective determination of hydroxychloro‐quine and its major metabolites in human urine by solid‐phase microextraction and HPLC
Authors: Moraes de Oliveira Anderson Rodrigo , Sueli Bonato Pierina 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe enantioselective analysis of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and its major metabolites was achieved by HPLC and solid‐phase microextraction. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Chiralcel OD‐H column using hexane/methanol/ethanol (96:2:2, v/v/v) plus 0.2% diethylamine as the mobile phase, at the flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. The main extraction parameters were optimized. The best condition was achieved by the addition of 10% NaCl and 1 mL phosphate buffer 1 mol/L pH 11 to 3 mL human urine. The extraction was conducted for 40 min at 25°C and the desorption time was 3 min using methanol (100%). PDMS‐DVB 60 μm fiber was used in this study. The mean recoveries were 9.3, 9.2, and 14.4% for HCQ, desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ), and desethylchloroquine (DCQ), respectively. The method was linear over the range of 50–1000 ng/mL for HCQ enantiomers and over the range of 42–416 ng/mL for DCQ and DHCQ enantiomers. Within‐day and between‐day precision and accuracy assays for HCQ and its metabolites were lower than 15%. The preliminary 48 h urinary excretion study performed in human urine showed to be stereoselective. The amount of (+)‐(S)‐enantiomer excreted was higher than its antipode.
Retention effects of oxidized polyphenols during analytical extraction of phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil
Authors: Armaforte Emanuele , Mancebo‐Campos Vanessa , Bendini Alessandra , Desamparados Salvador Maria , Fregapane Giuseppe , Cerretani Lorenzo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe hydrophilic extract of virgin olive oil contains several phenolic compounds such as simple phenols, lignans, and secoiridoids that have been widely studied in recent years. Interest in the hydrophilic extract has also been extended to the fraction of oxidized phenols that form during storage as a consequence of oxidative stress. The present investigation compares the two most commonly used extraction methods, namely liquid–liquid extraction and SPE, on fresh virgin olive oil and that kept at different temperatures in the presence of oxygen to promote the formation of oxidative products. The selective retention of these natural and oxidized phenolic compounds in relation to the extraction method was assessed. Quantification of eight identified phenolic molecules and 11 unknown peaks was performed by HPLC‐DAD/MSD.
Development of an ultraperformance liquid chromatography method for improved determination of additives in polymeric materials
Authors: Noguerol‐Cal Rosalia , López‐Vilariño José Manuel , González‐Rodríguez M. Victoria , Barral‐Losada Luis F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn analytical method for the simultaneous separation and quantitation of ten colorants and six antioxidants used as polymer additives has been developed by transferring chromatographic conditions from two independent HPLC methods to a single ultraperformance liquid chromatography system. An experimental design was carried out to achieve the best elution gradient for separation of all the studied compounds with the best possible peak resolution and in the shortest possible analysis time. The new method gives good values for the analytical quality parameters evaluated.
Personality characteristics of adult survivors of childhood trauma
Authors: Allen Brian , Lauterbach Dean 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLenore Terr (1991) proposed a framework for childhood trauma that distinguishes between single‐incident trauma (Type I) and repeated or prolonged trauma (Type II). Terr's framework and data collected from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) are used to examine differences in personality between adult survivors of childhood Type I trauma, childhood Type II trauma, and a control group of adults not traumatized as children. Groups were compared on five personality scales. Results indicate that individuals in the trauma categories scored higher in neuroticism and openness to new experiences than individuals in the control group. The Type I group was lower than the control group on interpersonal dependency, whereas the Type II group scored higher than the control group on this measure.
Adult sexual abuse is associated with elevated neurohormone levels among women with PTSD due to childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Friedman Matthew J. , Jalowiec John , McHugo Gregory , Wang Sheila , McDonagh Annmarie 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with reduced, similar, or increased urinary cortisol levels. The authors identified a factor that might contribute to such variability when they obtained 24‐hour urinary neurohormone profiles on 69 women with PTSD due to childhood sexual abuse. Half (n = 35) had subsequently experienced adult sexual abuse (ASA) while the other half (n = 34) had not. The ASA group had significantly elevated urinary cortisol, norepinephrine and dopamine levels in comparison to the non‐ASA group. Neither a history of childhood or adult physical abuse nor other variables contributed to this finding. The results suggest that the psychobiological consequences of exposure to the same traumatic event may differ as a result of an interaction between age and the composite history of trauma exposure.
School‐based intervention for prevention and treatment of elementary‐students' terror‐related distress in Israel: A quasi‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Berger Rony , Pat‐Horenczyk Ruth , Gelkopf Marc 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA school‐based intervention for preventing and reducing children's posttraumatic stress‐related symptoms, somatic complaints, functional impairment, and anxiety due to exposure to terrorism was evaluated. In a quasi‐randomized controlled trial, elementary school students were randomly assigned to an eight‐session structured program, “Overshadowing the Threat of Terrorism” or to a waiting list control comparison group. Two months postintervention, the study group reported significant improvement on all measures. The authors conclude that a school‐based universal intervention may significantly reduce posttraumatic stress disorder‐ (PTSD‐) related symptoms in children repeatedly exposed to terrorist attacks and propose that it serve as a component of a public mental health approach dealing with children exposed to ongoing terrorism in a country ravaged by war and terrorism.
Dissociation and pain perception: An experimental investigation
Authors: Horowitz Jonathan D. , Telch Michael J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDissociative symptoms and abnormalities in pain perception have been associated with a range of disorders. The authors tested whether experimentally induced increases in state dissociation would cause an analgesic response. Participants (N = 120) were randomized to a dissociation induction condition via audiophotic stimulation or a credible control condition and were compared on pre‐ and postchanges in subjective pain and immersion time in response to a standard cold pressor test. Unexpectedly, the dissociation induction led to small, but significant increases in subjective pain and did not lead to greater immersion time. An exploratory analysis revealed that increases in absorption and derealization significantly predicted increased subjective pain and increased immersion time, respectively.
Predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms among runaway youth utilizing two service sectors
Authors: Thompson Sanna J. , Maccio Elaine M. , Desselle Sherry K. , Zittel‐Palamara Kimberly 
Published: August 2007

AbstractYouth who run away often experience situations that produce symptoms of traumatic distress. This exploratory study assessed predictors of trauma symptomatology among runaway youth who had been admitted to youth emergency shelter services or juvenile detention. Findings demonstrated high levels of trauma‐related symptoms for both groups. Worry about family, greater runaway episodes, and living with a father who abused alcohol/drugs significantly predicted higher posttraumatic stress symptoms in detained youth, whereas only worry about family relationships predicted higher trauma symptom scores among youth in emergency shelter care. Findings suggest distressful family life may induce complex emotional responses in youth. Although services to runaway youth must continue to focus on safe, short‐term residential care, trauma issues must be acknowledged.
A 1.5‐year follow‐up of an internet‐based intervention for complicated grief
Authors: Wagner Birgit , Maercker Andreas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOnly recently have psychotherapeutic interventions for complicated grief been developed and evaluated in randomized controlled trials. These trials have reported significant reductions in complicated grief and related symptoms in response to treatment relative to control groups. However, little is known about the long‐term outcomes of these treatments. The authors present an evaluation of a 1.5‐year follow‐up of an Internet‐based cognitive–behavioral intervention for complicated grief. Treatment group patients (n = 22) were administered various assessments of complicated grief indicators, including the Impact of Event Scale, the anxiety and depression subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the SF‐12. Results indicate that the reduction in symptoms of complicated grief observed at posttreatment was maintained at 1.5‐year follow‐up.
Feasibility and effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in preschool children: Two case reports
Authors: Scheeringa Michael S. , Salloum Alison , Arnberger Ruth A. , Weems Carl F. , Amaya‐Jackson Lisa , Cohen Judith A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNew evidence raises concerns that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in preschool children is unremitting over years even with unstructured community treatment. This report presents proof of concept of the feasibility and effectiveness of a structured therapy, cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT), for preschool PTSD that follows a range of different traumatic events. Two cases are presented, including transcribed dialogue, from a motor vehicle accident and Hurricane Katrina, respectively. Three key CBT feasibility questions were examined; it was concluded that (a) young children can cooperate meaningfully in structured, trauma‐related exposure exercises; (b) they can utilize relaxation techniques successfully; and (c) highly anxious parents do not inhibit their children's improvement per se as long as they can facilitate the manual techniques. Clinicians need to be aware of emerging evidence‐based treatment for preschool children.
Stigma and the military: Evaluation of a PTSD psychoeducational program
Authors: Gould Matthew , Greenberg Neil , Hetherton Jacquie 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTrauma risk management (TRiM) is an intensive posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) psychoeducational management strategy based on peer‐group risk assessment developed by the UK Royal Navy (RN). TRiM seeks to modify attitudes about PTSD, stress, and help‐seeking and trains military personnel to identify at‐risk individuals and refer them for early intervention. This quasiexperimental study found that TRiM training significantly improved attitudes about PTSD, stress, and help‐seeking from TRiM‐trained personnel. There was a nonsignificant effect on attitudes to seeking help from normal military support networks and on general health. Within both the military and civilian populations, stigma is a serious issue preventing help‐seeking and reducing quality of life. The results suggest that TRiM is a promising antistigma program within organizational settings.
PTSD symptoms, life events, and unit cohesion in U.S. soldiers: Baseline findings from the neurocognition deployment health study
Authors: Brailey Kevin , Vasterling Jennifer J. , Proctor Susan P. , Constans Joseph I. , Friedman Matthew J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRelationships among a modifiable situational factor (unit cohesion), prior stressful life events, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed in 1,579 U.S. Army soldiers with no history of contemporary war zone deployment. It was predicted that unit cohesion would attenuate the dose‐response relationship between past stressor exposures and PTSD symptoms at relatively moderate levels of exposure. Consistent with this hypothesis, regression analysis revealed that life experiences and unit cohesion strongly and independently predicted PTSD symptoms, and that unit cohesion attenuated the impact of life experiences on PTSD. Some military personnel reported significant predeployment, stress‐related symptoms. These symptoms may serve as vulnerabilities that could potentially be activated by subsequent war‐zone deployment. Higher predeployment unit cohesion levels appear to ameliorate such symptoms, potentially lessening future vulnerability.