bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do cervical cancer patients know, how do they learn, and who do they tell? A pilot study
Authors: Larson Sharon , McAnany Brian , Ladd Ilene , Gogoi Radhika 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground: This study explored what patients identified with cervical cancer know about the link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer and where they learned this information. Patients share a great deal of information with family, friends and colleagues and we were interested in the accuracy and sources of information they are sharing.Methods: Patients identified through the EHR of a health system who had a history of cervical cancer were invited to participate in a brief survey of their experience. The sample represents an opportunity sample of patients who responded.Results: Generally, these patients, drawn from the Geisinger Health System in central Pennsylvania, were older (mean 57.5 years), White, and about half had annual household income of $35 K. Among all respondents about 17% had not heard of HPV, 21% did not know about an HPV vaccine, and about 38% did not know about the link between HPV and cervical cancer. Most frequently patients reported obtaining their information about HPV from television advertisements. About half received information from their oncologist. Patients reported having conversations with families about their own cancer, the cause of their cancer and HPV vaccination. It is important to note that these conversations were supported by information from many sources.Conclusions: Patients may serve as a conduit for information about their condition and may be informal ‘educators’ in the community. It is important to make certain that these opportunities are informed by information obtained from trusted and accurate sources.
Impact of ultrasound pretreatment on banana chip production by convective drying using hot air: Consideration of shrinkage and variable effective mass diffusivity in the process description
Authors: de Lima Ferreira João Paulo , da Silva Wilton Pereira , Paiva Yaroslávia Ferreira , Amadeu Lumara Tatiely Santos 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we used experimental analysis and numerical simulation to describe and compare the convective drying (CD) of banana slices, without and with pretreatment with ultrasound (US) at 25 kHz. Banana slices, with an average initial thickness of about 6.60 × 10−3 m and an average diameter of about 3.01 × 10−2 m, were subjected to CD at temperatures of 60, 70, and 80°C, with air speed of 1.5 m s−1. Considering such dimensions, the one‐dimensional diffusion equation in Cartesian coordinates was numerically solved by the finite volume method, using a fully implicit formulation (direct problem). A solver with a numerical solution was developed for the direct problem. This solver was coupled to an optimizer to determine the parameters a and b of functions that relate the effective moisture diffusivity (D) with the local moisture ratio, and also to determine the convective mass transfer coefficient (h) (inverse problem), considering the shrinkage. The proposed model was used to describe the data obtained. The results revealed that the drying rate increased in samples that were subjected to pretreatment with US, for each drying temperature. The best‐simulated results were those that related D to the local moisture ratio by means of a bcosh (aMR2) function. It could be observed that pretreatment with US allowed saving of time (and consequently energy) of 28.3%, 16.0%, and 12.4% at drying temperatures of 60, 70, and 80°C, respectively.Practical applicationsThe main contribution of this paper is to present a solver and an optimizer to determine the mass transfer properties considering the shrinkage during convective drying of banana pieces pretreated with ultrasound by the inverse problem. With the information obtained for the mass transfer properties and the proposed numerical model with a hyperbolic cosine type function for the effective moisture diffusivity, it is possible to more accurately determine the time and, therefore, the energy savings of processing banana chips pre‐treated with ultrasound.
Minimizing the environmental footprint in food production: A case study on the improvement of an industrial tank cleaning process through adaptive cleaning devices
Authors: Mauermann Marc , Beckmann Siegfried , Murcek Roman , Hanisch Tobias 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe potential of adaptive tank cleaning devices to reduce resource consumption of cleaning processes is quantified on the example of a dairy tank under production conditions. As methodological approach, a cleaning validation process was applied to obtain information on the resource consumption of the existing cleaning procedure as reference. An improved cleaning procedure with increased mechanical cleaning action was designed. It exploits the capabilities of motor‐driven jet cleaners to perform helical, zigzag, spiral and meander‐shaped nozzle movements. The nozzle movements were applied according to the location of cleaning‐critical area and the fouling deposit distribution. The configuration was supported by cleaning simulations. Both cleaning procedure were quantitatively compared. The adapted cleaning process reduced the cleaning time by 32 per cent without compromising the cleanling success. The volumetric flow rate was 55 l/min instead of 130 l/min and the energy requirement for cleaning was lowered by approx. 227,260 kJ per cleaning cycle.Practical applicationsReducing cleaning times, water consumption, and strengthening food safety are essential challenges for food production. The methodical approach for conducting a cleaning validation provides necessary information to systematically address priorities of optimization: (1) reduction of cleaning time, (2) reduction of water consumption, (3) reduction of energy consumption. The optical detection of cleaning‐critical area, fouling deposit distribution and the temporal cleaning process opens the possibility of monitoring the hygiene status and strengthening food safety.The use of adaptive, motor‐driven tank cleaning devices enables the targeted adjustment of cleaning intensity. This enables the targeted cleaning of hard‐to‐clean and easy‐to‐clean tank areas and may reduce resource consumption and cleaning time.
Impact of immune‐related adverse events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab
Authors: Suzuki Keito , Yasui Yutaka , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Yamazaki Yudai , Uchihara Naoki , Tanaka Yuki , Miyamoto Haruka , Yamada‐Shimizu Michiko , Keitoku Taisei , Okada Risa , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Tanaka Shohei , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Tamaki Nobuharu , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yuka , Asahina Yasuhiro , Okamoto Ryuichi , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimImmune checkpoint inhibitors pose the risk of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Recent data suggest that irAEs may be associated with a favorable prognosis. This study aimed to investigate and analyze the association between these adverse events and the clinical benefits in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsThe study enrolled 130 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab between November 2020 and January 2023 at a single center. The relationship between irAEs and both response rate and post‐treatment outcomes was investigated.ResultsOut of the 130 patients, irAEs developed in 36 (27.7%) patients. The irAE group exhibited a significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS) than the non‐irAE group, with a median PFS of 8.9 compared with 4.6 months (P < 0.01). No difference was found in the overall survival between the irAE and non‐irAE groups. The irAE group demonstrated significantly higher disease control rate (DCR) than the non‐irAE group (97.0% vs 65.5%, P < 0.01). The analysis by irAE severity revealed that the grade 1/2 group exhibited significantly longer PFS (7.9 vs 4.6 months, P = 0.007) and higher DCR (100% vs 65.5%, P < 0.01) than the non‐irAE group. Furthermore, hypothyroidism correlated with a favorable PFS (8.9 vs 5.4 months, P = 0.02), DCR (100% vs 71.3%, P = 0.03), and overall response rate (58.3% vs 18.5%, P = 0.005).ConclusionThe presence of irAEs is associated with prolonged PFS and higher DCR. Specifically, mild irAEs (grade 1/2) and hypothyroidism displayed prolonged PFS and higher DCR.
It was not possible to detect BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell‐free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma: A diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Martins‐de‐Barros Allan Vinícius , da Costa Araújo Fábio Andrey , Barros Ana Maria Ipólito , dos Santos Elenisa Glaucia Ferreira , Barbosa Neto Adauto Gomes , da Silva Helker Albuquerque Macedo , de Lima Elker Lene Santos , Muniz Maria Tereza Cartaxo , Neves Riedel Frota Sá Nogueira , de Hollanda Valente Rômulo Oliveira , de Oliveira e Silva Emanuel Dias , de Vasconcelos Carvalho Marianne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma‐based liquid biopsy for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell‐free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma.MethodsThis is a prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted based on the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy recommendations. The index test was the plasma‐based liquid biopsy, whereas the reference standard was the conventional tissue biopsy. The target condition was the detection of BRAF V600E mutation. The study population consisted of individuals with ameloblastoma recruited from three tertiary hospitals from Brazil. A negative control group composed of three individuals with confirmed wild‐type BRAF lesions were included. The participants underwent plasma circulating cell‐free DNA and tumor tissue DNA isolation, and both were submitted to using competitive allele‐specific TaqMan™ real‐time polymerase chain reaction technology mutation detection assays. Sensitivity and specificity measures and positive and negative predictive values were calculated.ResultsTwelve patients with conventional ameloblastoma were included. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 11/12 (91.66%) ameloblastoma tissue samples. However, the mutation was not detected in any of the plasma‐based liquid biopsy circulating cell‐free DNA samples in both ameloblastomas and negative control group. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma‐based liquid biopsy for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell‐free DNA was 0.0 and 1.0, respectively. The agreement between index test and reference standard results was 26.66%.ConclusionPlasma‐based liquid biopsy does not seem to be an accurate method for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating circulating cell‐free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma, regardless of tumor size, anatomic location, recurrence status, and other clinicopathological features.
A Bayesian network analysis to examine the effects of HIV stigma processes on self‐concept and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV
Authors: Norcini Pala Andrea , Turan Bulent 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the relationships between HIV stigma dimensions, self‐related mechanisms, and depressive symptoms among persons living with HIV.BackgroundHIV stigma hinders the well‐being of individuals living with HIV, which is linked to depressive symptoms and increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying stigma's impact on depression are poorly understood. Psychosocial theories propose that experiencing HIV stigma leads to internalized stigma, impacting self‐concept and mental health.MethodUsing Bayesian network analysis, we explored associations among HIV stigma processes (experienced, anticipated, internalized, perceived community stigma, and HIV status disclosure) and self‐related mechanisms (self‐esteem, fear of negative evaluation [FNE], self‐blame coping, and social exclusion), and depressive symptoms.ResultsOur diverse sample of 204 individuals, primarily men, gay/bisexual, Black, and lower‐middle SES, who experienced stigma showed increased anticipated, internalized, and perceived community stigma, FNE, and depressive symptoms. Internalized stigma contributed to self‐blame coping and higher depressive symptoms. Anticipated and perceived community stigma and FNE correlated with increased social exclusion.DiscussionThis study investigates potential mechanisms through which HIV stigma may impact depression. Identifying these mechanisms establishes a foundation for future research to inform targeted interventions, enhancing mental health and HIV outcomes among individuals living with HIV, especially from minority backgrounds. Insights gained guide evidence‐based interventions to mitigate HIV stigma's detrimental effects, ultimately improving overall well‐being and health‐related outcomes for people with HIV.
“I Missed School to Take Care of Someone Else”: Middle and High School Students' Caregiving Responsibilities as a Reason for Absenteeism
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma , Osborn Steve , Smith Olivia , Siskowski Connie , Olson Elizabeth 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMiddle and high school students who are involved in caregiving for aging, chronically ill, and/or disabled family members report more learning challenges compared to their non‐caregiving peers. However, little is known about how many students miss school to take care of someone else, and which students are most likely to have this experience. Such knowledge could reveal an important, largely unrecognized reason for school absences and educational disparities.METHODSOur research‐practice partnership surveyed middle‐and‐high schoolers across Rhode Island public schools in 2022.RESULTSAmong 55,746 students (45% White non‐Latinx; 21% Latinx; 45% girls), 13.80% reported they had missed school to take care of someone else, with up to 35% in some districts. Students who missed school for caregiving were disproportionately girls, non‐binary, transgender, or preferred not to report gender, older youth, and from historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups, and from urban districts.CONCLUSIONSChildren's experiences caregiving for others may be an important and overlooked contributor to absenteeism and achievement gaps, especially in urban areas. We suggest school policies to better serve these students.
“It takes a village to write a really good paper”: A normative framework for peer reviewing in philosophy
Authors: Copeland Samantha , Marin Lavinia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThat there is a “crisis of peer review” at the moment is not in dispute, but sufficient attention has not yet been paid to the normative potential that lies in current calls for reform. In contrast to approaches to “fixing” the problems in peer review, which tend to maintain the status quo in terms of professionalising opportunities, this paper addresses the needs of philosophers and how peer‐review reform can be an opportunity to improve the academic discipline of philosophy, whereby progress is understood as making the discipline more fair to the global academic community and more conducive to the flourishing of academic philosophers. The paper evaluates recent categories of relevant norms and correlating reforms. In conclusion, it recommends that philosophy pursue the norms of transparency and democracy explicitly when proposing peer‐review reform and suggest that proposals for forum‐based models of peer review are most likely to support those norms.
Efficacy of varenicline or bupropion and its association with nicotine metabolite ratio among smokers with COPD
Authors: Qin Rui , Liu Zhao , Cheng An‐qi , Zhou Xin‐mei , Su Zheng , Cui Zi‐yang , Li Jin‐xuan , Wei Xiao‐wen , Zhao Liang , Chung Kian Fan , Xiao Dan , Wang Chen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and objectiveNicotine metabolic ratio (NMR) has been associated with nicotine metabolism and smoking characteristics. However, there are few studies on the potential association between NMR and smoking cessation efficacy in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China or elsewhere.MethodsThis study was a stratified block randomized controlled trial for smoking cessation in Chinese smokers with COPD. NMR was used as a stratification factor; slow metabolizers were defined as those with NMR <0.31, and normal metabolizers as those with NMR ≥0.31. Participants were randomly assigned to the varenicline or bupropion group. Follow‐up visits were conducted at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 24 weeks.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐four participants were recruited and analysed from February 2019 to June 2022. In normal metabolizers, the 9–12 weeks continuous abstinence rate of varenicline (43.1%) was higher than in bupropion (23.5%) (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.05–5.78, p = 0.038). There was no significant difference in abstinence rates between treatment groups in slow metabolizers (54.1% vs. 45.9%, OR = 1.39, 95% CI 0.68–2.83, p = 0.366). For slow metabolizers, the total score of side effects in the varenicline group was significantly higher than the bupropion group (p = 0.048), while there was no significant difference in side effects between groups for normal metabolizers (p = 0.360).ConclusionVarenicline showed better efficacy than bupropion in normal metabolizers, and bupropion showed equivalent efficacy in slow metabolizers with less side effects. According to our study, NMR provides a better justification for both scientific research and tailoring optimal pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among smokers in COPD.
Chronic interstitial lung disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicentric study of 89 cases
Authors: Deneuville Lou , Mageau Arthur , Debray Marie Pierre , Sacre Karim , Costedoat‐Chalumeau Nathalie , Hachulla Eric , Uzunhan Yurdagul , Le Tallec Erwan , Cadranel Jacques , Marchand Adam Sylvain , Montani David , Rémi‐Jardin Martine , Reynaud‐Gaubert Martine , Prevot Gregoire , Beltramo Guillaume , Crestani Bruno , Cottin Vincent , Borie Raphael ,   the OrphaLung Network
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveChronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurs rarely with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as compared with other connective tissue diseases. This multicentric retrospective study of patients with SLE‐ILD from the OrphaLung and French SLE networks during 2005–2020 aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with SLE‐ILD and analyse factors associated with prognosis.MethodsWe analysed data for 89 patients with SLE‐ILD (82 women, 92.1%) (median age at SLE diagnosis: 35 years [interquartile range 27–47]). All patients met the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria for the diagnosis of SLE.ResultsForty two (47.2%) patients were positive for anti‐ribonuclear protein antibodies and 45 (50.6%) for anti SSA/Ro antibodies. A total of 58 (65.2%) patients had another connective tissue disease: Sjögren's syndrome (n = 33, 37.1%), systemic sclerosis (n = 14, 15.7%), inflammatory myopathy (n = 6, 6.7%), or rheumatoid arthritis (n = 6, 6.7%). ILD was diagnosed along with SLE in 25 (28.1%) patients and at a median of 6 (0–14) years after the SLE diagnosis. The most frequent CT pattern was suggestive of non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (n = 41, 46.0%) with or without superimposed organizing pneumonia. After a median follow‐up of 86.5 [39.5–161.2] months, 18 (20.2%) patients had died and 6 (6.7%) underwent lung transplantation. The median 5‐year and 10‐year transplantation‐free survival were 96% (92–100) and 87% (78–97). In total, 44 (49.4%) patients showed ILD progression. Cutaneous manifestations and Raynaud's phenomenon were associated with better survival. Only forced vital capacity was significantly associated with survival and ILD progression.ConclusionILD is a rare manifestation of SLE with good overall prognosis but with possible risk of ILD progression. Patients with SLE‐ILD frequently have another connective tissue disease.
SMAS repositioning technique utilizing cog thread: Anatomical perspectives
Authors: Hong Gi‐Woong , Kim Soo‐Bin , Park Soo Yeon , Wan Jovian , Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionFace‐lifting surgeries were once common among individuals over 60 years old due to skin laxity, but recent trends favor thread lifting in this age group. Understanding dynamic changes in facial anatomy during postural shifts is essential.MethodFresh cadaver studies have demonstrated the passage of threads through the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) layer, confirming the efficacy of the technique. Proper insertion depth targeting SMAS repositioning, rather than superficial skin layers, is crucial.ResultThe natural movement of tissues secured by thread (N‐Cog and N‐Fix, N‐Finders Inc., Korea) insertion results in lifting effects. However, complications may arise if threads affect deeper facial muscles, leading to discomfort. Fibrous septa play a significant role in guiding thread placement, with different densities influencing thread maneuverability and tissue response during lifting.ConclusionProcedures targeting SMAS repositioning using threads aim to maintain the new position of relocated tissues. Understanding structural variations in facial regions informs thread selection and placement. Aligning threads with tissue movement and the intended SMAS layer positioning is vital to prevent complications. Balancing thread insertion depth and tissue traction is critical for successful outcomes. Modern thread lifting techniques prioritize SMAS repositioning, enhancing lifting effects while ensuring procedure safety and efficacy.
Transfusing children with sickle cell disease using blood group genotyping when the pool of Black donors is limited
Authors: Leiva‐Torres Gabriel André , Cigna Maude , Constanzo‐Yanez Jessica , St‐Louis Maryse , Perreault Josée , Lavoie Josée , Laflamme Geneviève , Lewin Antoine , Pastore Yves , Robitaille Nancy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRed blood cell transfusion is an effective treatment for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Alloimmunization can occur after a single transfusion, limiting further usage of blood transfusion. It is recommended to match for the ABO, D, C, E, and K antigens to reduce risks of alloimmunization. However, availability of compatible blood units can be challenging for blood providers with a limited number of Black donors.Study Design and MethodsA prospective cohort of 205 pediatric patients with SCD was genotyped for the RH and FY genes. Transfusion and alloimmunization history were collected. Our capacity to find RhCE‐matched donors was evaluated using a database of genotyped donors.ResultsNearly 9.8% of patients carried a partial D variant and 5.9% were D‐. Only 45.9% of RHCE alleles were normal, with the majority of variants affecting the RH5 (e) antigen. We found an alloimmunization prevalence of 20.7% and a Rh alloimmunization prevalence of 7.1%. Since Black donors represented only 1.40% of all blood donors in our province, D‐ Caucasian donors were mostly used to provide phenotype matched products. Compatible blood for patients with rare Rh variants was found only in Black donors. A donor with compatible RhCE could be identified for all patients.ConclusionAlthough Rh‐compatible donors were identified, blood units might not be available when needed and/or the extended phenotype or ABO group might not match the patient. A greater effort has to be made for the recruitment of Black donors to accommodate patients with SCD.