bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of five different electrospray ionisation sources in conjunction with rapid monolithic column liquid chromatography and fast MS/MS scanning
Authors: Burgess Karl E. V. , Lainson Alex , Imrie Lisa , Fraser‐Pitt Douglas , Yaga Raja , Smith David G. E. , Swart Remco , Pitt Andrew R. , Inglis Neil F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe performances of five different ESI sources coupled to a polystyrene–divinylbenzene monolithic column were compared in a series of LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analyses of Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins. The sources selected for comparison included two different modifications of the standard electrospray source, a commercial low‐flow sprayer, a stainless steel nanospray needle and a coated glass Picotip. Respective performances were judged on sensitivity and the number and reproducibility of significant protein identifications obtained through the analysis of multiple identical samples. Data quality varied between that of a ground silica capillary, with 160 total protein identifications, the lowest number of high quality peptide hits obtained (3012), and generally peaks of lower intensity; and a stainless steel nanospray needle, which resulted in increased precursor ion abundance, the highest‐quality peptide fragmentation spectra (5414) and greatest number of total protein identifications (259) exhibiting the highest MASCOT scores (average increase in score of 27.5% per identified protein). The data presented show that, despite increased variability in comparative ion intensity, the stainless steel nanospray needle provides the highest overall sensitivity. However, the resulting data were less reproducible in terms of proteins identified in complex mixtures – arguably due to an increased number of high intensity precursor ion candidates.
Comparison of two combinations of cyanine dyes for prelabelling and gel electrophoresis
Authors: Tsolakos Nikos , Techanukul Tanasit , Wallington Amanda , Zhao Yuan , Jones Christopher , Nagy Judit , Wheeler Jun X. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe report the use of IC‐OSu ethyl‐Cy3 and ethyl‐Cy5 N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS) cyanine dyes, which have similar chemical properties as the CyDye™ DIGE fluor minimal dyes for pre‐electrophoresis labelling. Multiple sample analyses in different laboratories indicate that the use of IC‐OSu ethyl‐Cy3 and ethyl‐Cy5 NHS ester cyanine dyes produces equivalent results to those obtained with DIGE CyDyes, and allows sample multiplexing and accurate quantitation for differential proteome analysis.
Description of vibrational properties of random alloy ZnTe1–xSex within the percolation model
Authors: Souhabi Jihane , Chafi Allal , Kassem Mohammed , Nassour Ayoub , Gleize Jérôme , Postnikov A. V. , Hugel J. , Pagès Olivier 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe discuss the classification of the phonon type behavior of semiconductor alloys as apparent in the Raman and infrared spectra, i.e. in terms of types (i) 1‐bond→1‐mode and (ii) 2‐bond→1‐mode (both covered by the Modified Random Element Isodisplacement model, operating at the macroscopic scale), and also (iii) the modified 2‐mode type (exceptional), in the framework of the recent 1‐bond→2‐mode percolation model based on a description of the alloy disorder at the mesoscopic scale. The leading systems of types (i) and (iii), i.e., InGaAs and InGaP, respectively, were earlier shown to obey the percolation model. The aim of this work is to investigate whether the percolation model further extends to the leading system of the last type (ii), i.e. ZnTeSe. With this end in view, we perform a careful re‐examination of the Raman and infrared spectra of this alloy, as available in the literature. Special attention is awarded to the discussion and modeling of the puzzling multi‐mode infrared reflectivity spectra. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dielectric functions of CuIn1+2nSe2+3n and CuGa1+2nSe2+3n (n = 2.5, 3.0, 3.5)
Authors: León Máximo , Serna Rosalía , Gurieva Galina , Levcenko Sergei , Friedrich Eberhardt Josué , Merino José Manuel , Arushanov Ernest 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe dielectric functions ϵ(ω) = ϵ1(ω) +i ϵ2(ω) of CuIn1+2nSe2+3n and CuGa1+2nSe2+3n (n = 2.5, 3.0, 3.5) have been determined in the photon energy range from 0.8 to 4.7 eV by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The measurements reveal distinct structures at energies of the critical points in the Brillouin zone. The structure observed in the spectral dependence of the dielectric functions, the complex refractive index, the absorption coefficient and the normal‐incidence reflectivity has been modelled using a modification of the Adachi's model. The results are in a good agreement with the experimental data over the entire range of photon energies. The model parameters (strength, threshold energy and broadening) have been determined using the simulated annealing algorithm. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of Cu(In,Al)Se2 thin films by selenization using diethylselenide
Authors: Umezawa Akihisa , Yasuniwa Toshihiro , Miyama Atsushi , Nakanishi Hisayuki , Sugiyama Mutsumi , Chichibu Shigefusa F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSelenization growth of purely single‐phase, polycrystalline CuIn1–x Alx Se2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.26) alloy films was demonstrated using a less‐hazardous metal‐organic selenide, diethylselenide [(C2H5)2Se: DESe]. Without additional thermal annealing, approximately 2.0‐μm‐thick alloy films exhibiting X‐ray diffraction peaks originating exclusively from the chalcopyrite structure were obtained. Their low temperature photoluminescence spectra were dominated by characteristic donor‐acceptor pair emissions usually seen in the state‐of‐the‐art CuInAlSe2 photoabsorbing layers. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ga‐doped ZnO transparent conducting films prepared by helicon‐wave‐excited plasma sputtering
Authors: Masaki Shingo , Nakanishi Hisayuki , Sugiyama Mutsumi , Chichibu Shigefusa F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGallium‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga) transparent conducting films were prepared by the helicon‐wave‐excited plasma sputtering (HWPS) method. The films exhibited a dominant [0001]‐oriented growth with a small full width at half maximum of the (0002) ZnO diffraction peak (0.28 degrees). A high optical transmittance greater than 80% was achieved in the wavelength range between 400 and 1600 nm, because the HWPS method essentially does not damage the film surface. The results indicate that CdS‐free Cu(In,Ga)Se2‐based solar cells may be fabricated by sputtering ZnO:Ga directly on the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layer using the HWPS method. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of Zn‐doped Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells prepared by Zn diffusion from the gas phase using dimethylzinc
Authors: Miyama Atsushi , Dou Xiaoming , Yasuniwa Toshihiro , Umezawa Akihisa , Nakanishi Hisayuki , Chichibu Shigefusa F. , Sugiyama Mutsumi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells were fabricated by thermal diffusion of Zn into p ‐type CIGS films using dimethylzinc [(CH3)2Zn: DMZn] vapor, in order to form CIGS pn ‐homojunction. This method requires no additional processing equipment, because diffusion can be carried out subsequent to the CIGS growth. The average conversion efficiency of the CIGS solar cells consisting of n ‐type MgZnO transparent conducting oxide (TCO) film and n ‐CIGS:Zn/p ‐CIGS structure (4%) was improved by a factor of two in comparison with the case for undoped CIGS absorbing layer (2%). The appropriate flow time of DMZn was 3 s, from which the diffusion depth is estimated as about 150 nm. The method is highly advantageous for development of low‐cost solar modules. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase relations in the CuInSe2–CuBiSe2 semiconductor system
Authors: Korzun B. V. , Fadzeyeva A. A. , Maroz I. I. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlloys of the (CuBiSe2)1–x(CuInSe2)x system with molar part of CuInSe2 (x) equal to 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.375, 0.50, 0.625, 0.75, 0.85, and 0.95 were prepared and the phase relations in this system above 600 K were investigated by using of X‐ray powder diffraction, microstructure studies, and differential thermal analysis. It was established, that the T–x phase diagram of the CuInSe2–CuBiSe2 system has a peritectic character with the peritectics temperature of 837 K. The limits of solubility from both sides of the system do not exceed 0.05 molar parts of the corresponding ternary compound. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two fast radiative transfer methods to improve the temporal sampling of clouds in numerical weather prediction and climate models
Authors: Manners J. , Thelen J.‐C. , Petch J. , Hill P. , Edwards J.M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe high computational cost of calculating the radiative heating rates in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models requires that calculations are made infrequently, leading to poor sampling of the fast‐changing cloud field and a poor representation of the feedback that would occur. This paper presents two related schemes for improving the temporal sampling of the cloud field. Firstly, the ‘split time‐stepping’ scheme takes advantage of the independent nature of the monochromatic calculations of the ‘correlated‐k’ method to split the calculation into gaseous absorption terms that are highly dependent on changes in cloud (the optically thin terms) and those that are not (optically thick). The small number of optically thin terms can then be calculated more often to capture changes in the grey absorption and scattering associated with cloud droplets and ice crystals. Secondly, the ‘incremental time‐stepping’ scheme uses a simple radiative transfer calculation using only one or two monochromatic calculations representing the optically thin part of the atmospheric spectrum. These are found to be sufficient to represent the heating rate increments caused by changes in the cloud field, which can then be added to the last full calculation of the radiation code. We test these schemes in an operational forecast model configuration and find a significant improvement is achieved, for a small computational cost, over the current scheme employed at the Met Office. The ‘incremental time‐stepping’ scheme is recommended for operational use, along with a new scheme to correct the surface fluxes for the change in solar zenith angle between radiation calculations. Copyright © Crown Copyright 2009. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Labeling TiO2 Nanoparticles with Dyes for Optical Fluorescence Microscopy and Determination of TiO2–DNA Nanoconjugate Stability
Authors: Thurn Kenneth T. , Paunesku Tatjana , Wu Aiguo , Brown Eric M. B. , Lai Barry , Vogt Stefan , Maser Jörg , Aslam Mohammed , Dravid Vinayak , Bergan Raymond , Woloschak Gayle E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractVisualization of nanoparticles without intrinsic optical fluorescence properties is a significant problem when performing intracellular studies. Such is the case with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles, when electronically linked to single‐stranded DNA oligonucleotides, have been proposed to be used both as gene knockout devices and as possible tumor imaging agents. By interacting with complementary target sequences in living cells, these photoinducible TiO2–DNA nanoconjugates have the potential to cleave intracellular genomic DNA in a sequence specific and inducible manner. The nanoconjugates also become detectable by magnetic resonance imaging with the addition of gadolinium Gd(III) contrast agents. Herein two approaches for labeling TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2–DNA nanoconjugates with optically fluorescent agents are described. This permits direct quantification of fluorescently labeled TiO2 nanoparticle uptake in a large population of living cells (>104 cells). X‐ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) is combined with fluorescent microscopy to determine the relative intracellular stability of the nanoconjugates and used to quantify intracellular nanoparticles. Imaging the DNA component of the TiO2–DNA nanoconjugate by fluorescent confocal microscopy within the same cell shows an overlap with the titanium signal as mapped by XFM. This strongly implies the intracellular integrity of the TiO2–DNA nanoconjugates in malignant cells.
Aqueous‐Phase Synthesis of Highly Luminescent CdTe/ZnTe Core/Shell Quantum Dots Optimized for Targeted Bioimaging
Authors: Law Wing‐Cheung , Yong Ken‐Tye , Roy Indrajit , Ding Hong , Hu Rui , Zhao Weiwei , Prasad Paras N. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSemiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have traditionally been synthesized in organic phase and transferred to aqueous solution by functionalizing their surface with silica, polymers, short‐chain thiol ligand, or phospholipid micelles. However, these complex steps result in i) a reduction of the quantum yield (QY) of QDs, ii) partial degrdation of the QDs, and iii) a drastic increase in the hydrodynamic size of QDs, which may hinder their biomedical applications. In this work, the fabrication and applications of cysteine‐capped CdTe/ZnTe QDs, which are directly synthesized in aqueous media, as optical probes for specific targeting of pancreatic and esophageal cancer cells in vitro are reported, as well as their capability for in vivo imaging. The CdTe/ZnTe QDs are synthesized in a one‐pot method and capped with amino acid cysteine, which contains both carboxyl and amine functional groups on their surfaces for bioconjugation. The fabricated QDs have an ultrasmall hydrodynamic diameter (3–5 nm), possess high QY (52%), and are non‐toxic to cells at experimental dosages. Confocal imaging is used to demonstrate a receptor‐mediated uptake of antibody‐conjugated QDs into pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. In vitro cytotoxicity studies (MTS‐assay) show that the IC50 value of these QDs is ≈160 µg mL−1, demonstrating low toxicity. In addition, the QDs are used for small‐animal imaging where the in vivo biocompatiblity of these QDs and their clearance following systemic injection is studied.
Analysis of current controllers for active power filters using selective harmonic compensation schemes
Authors: Bojoi Radu , Limongi Leonardo R , Profumo Francesco , Roiu Daniel , Tenconi Alberto 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a frequency response analysis of current controllers based on selective harmonic compensation schemes for three‐phase voltage–source shunt Active Power Filters (APFs). To perform this analysis, the time delay introduced by the inverter and the sampling is taken into account in the current controller closed loop transfer function. Doing this, the differences among the schemes are pointed out, demonstrating the importance and effectiveness of the delay compensation to maintain the whole system stability. In addition, the performance of each current controller is evaluated by means of the total harmonic distortion of the mains line current and time response for fast load variations. The main goal is to identify the most suitable solution in terms of current controllers based on selective harmonic compensation for an industrial implementation. All the considered current control schemes have been tested on the same digital platform. Experimental results are presented for a 25‐kVA shunt APF prototype compensating a nonlinear inductive load. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Modeling and compensation for angular transmission error in harmonic drive gearings
Authors: Yamamoto Masafumi , Iwasaki Makoto , Hirai Hiromu , Okitsu Yoshifumi , Sasaki Kozo , Yajima Toshio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a novel modeling and compensation approach for the angular transmission error in harmonic drive gearings. In the modeling, physical phenomena of the transmission error due to nonlinear elastic deformations in micro‐displacement region are especially dealt with, as well as the synchronous component which has been discussed in a variety of conventional studies. On the basis of the analyses of the phenomena, the nonlinear elastic component is mathematically modeled by applying a modeling framework for the rolling friction with hysteresis attributes. The proposed transmission error model has been adopted to the positioning system as a model‐based feedforward compensation manner. Experimental results using a prototype show the effectiveness of the proposed modeling and compensation. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vision‐based motion control for robotic systems
Authors: Oda Naoki , Ito Masahide , Shibata Masaaki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe paper presents recent advances of vision‐based motion control for robotic systems. The visual feedback loop is very effective for increasing the dexterity and flexibility of robot's task. With the development of vision and computer technology, the visual feedback applications are remarkably expanded for various robotic systems. In the paper, at first, a variety of vision‐based approaches in Japan are overviewed from the viewpoint of motion control scheme, and fundamental formulations of visual servo controller are described. And two kinds of visual feedback applications are introduced with several experimental evaluations. The first one is non‐delayed visual tracking approach using active stereo vision. It is found that the target motion estimation is an important issue for fast tracking. The other is the motion controller for wheelchair‐type mobile robots based on optical flow field. The vision‐based feedback controller conducts the force‐related motion. Then, the vision makes dynamic environmental change transmitted to human operator through force interaction. The validity of these approaches are evaluated by experimental results. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A motion control for two‐wheel inverted pendulum type of mobile manipulator
Authors: Murakami Toshiyuki , Sasaki Koji 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTwo‐wheel inverted pendulum type of mobile manipulator has no casters and it is expected that quick and robust motion may be realized according to road surface. However the dynamical behavior is so complicated from a viewpoint of motion stability. To address this issue, this paper describes a motion control strategy to realize a stable pushing operation of the two‐wheel inverted pendulum type of mobile manipulator. Here the manipulator platform is considered as a passive joint and a stabilization control of the passive joint is achieved by using null space motion of the mobile manipulator. Then workspace observer is also employed to obtain the robust null space motion.The proposed approach is verified by several numerical and experimental results. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Control of biped walking robot for human living environment
Authors: Fujimoto Yasutaka , Imai Taichi , Kawamura Atsuo , Asano Yosuke 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper introduces biped robot adaptation to human living environment from viewpoints of battery operation time extension and environmental recognition. These issues are important when robots actually work at home. First, in order to extend battery operation time, we propose energy‐saving bipedal locomotion gait. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem, which is conventionally hard to solve when a target system is complicated. In this paper, partial derivatives appeared in optimal control problem are implicitly represented by using automatic differentiation technique. This approach enables complicated optimal control problem solvable. In combination with receding horizon control, its computation cost is also reduced. Second, we introduce the biped walk tracking based on the camera image mounted on the walking robot, and the visual servoing by the posture change for the purpose of the target image tracking in the camera frame. We propose a new control law to track the rotated target object using the characteristic of the walking, which considered the interference between translational motion and rotational motion. The decoupling is realized by simulations and experiments. As a result, the walking robot tracked the translated and rotated target object without a practical issue. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New estimation method for the electric potential of the human body under perfect noncontact conditions
Authors: Kurita Koichi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe have developed an effective noncontact technique for the measurement of the electric potential of the human body when performing a stepping motion. This technique is based on the detection of an electrostatic‐induced current generated by the stepping motion. The electric potential of the subject is determined by integrating the electrostatic‐induced current flowing through an electrode that is placed at a distance of 1.5 m from the subject with respect to time. The values of the estimated electric potential are qualitatively in good agreement with those obtained in previous experiments by using an ordinary contact‐type hand electrode. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A lyase deficiency: Initial presentation in a young adult
Authors: Reimão S. , Morgado C. , Almeida I. T. , Silva M. , Real H. Corte , Campos J. 
Published: February 2009

Summary3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) lyase deficiency is a rare inborn error affecting leucine catabolism and ketogenesis, usually presenting in the neonatal period. Late forms of the disease have been detected in infancy and childhood, but not in adults. We report a case of HMG‐CoA lyase deficiency with initial presentation in a 29‐year‐old adult with no prior history of the disease, which to our knowledge is the first case described with presentation at this age.
Martin Buber's ‘I and Thou’
Authors: Wodehouse Helen 
Published: February 2009

Reading and re-reading the difficult and important small book I and Thou, by Professor Martin Buber, which Mr. Ronald Gregor Smith has translated with so much care and skill, and trying to make it clearer to myself in words of my own, I find myself at odds on the threshold with the translator's Introduction. He is explaining the title and the general theme of the book:—“There is, Buber shows, a radical difference between a man's attitude to other men and his attitude to things. The attitude to other men is a relation between persons, to things it is a connexion with objects. In the personal relation one subject—I—confronts another subject—Thou; in the connexion with things the subject contemplates and experiences an object. These two attitudes represent the basic twofold situation of human life, the former constituting the ‘world of Thou,’ and the latter the ‘world of It’” (p. vi).
The Psychology of “Mine”
Authors: Litwinski Leon 
Published: February 2009

Summary(1) Property a psychic link. W. James on self and mine. (2) Acquisition and conservation in the light of expectation. (3) Expectation in philosophy and psychology. (4) Baldwin and property. (5) Bentham. (6) Why acquisitions are conserved. (7) Property as the basis of expectation and as witness of foresight. (8) Possessive pronouns. (9) Animals and children. (10) Property viewed objectively by Petrucci and subjectively by Bentham.