bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dry pyroclouds promote longer-lasting extreme wildfire events intensification.
Authors: Ribau Marc Castellnou , Bachfischer Mercedes , Bover Marta Miralles , de Arellano Jordi Vila-Guerau 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Global occurrence of pyroclouds leads to an accelerated wildfire rate-of-spread (ROS), creating extreme wildfire events (EWE). Pyroclouds form during wildfires under unstable atmospheres. Recent EWEs unexpectedly created deep moist pyrocloud and accelerated ROS through the night, beyond the unstable atmosphere’s daily cycle. Here, we analyzed the dependence of the ROS acceleration on pyroclouds and atmospheric instability. We used 190 EWEs observed worldwide, supporting their analysis with a coupled fire‒atmosphere model. We find that accelerated ROS depends on dry pyroclouds processes driven by atmospheric instability, particularly that of the free troposphere (FT). Dry pyroclouds form when plume deepening reaches the transition layer between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) top and the lifting condensation level (LCL). The depth of dry pyrocloud turbulence, modulated by the FT stability, plays a leading role in further enhancing the downward entrainment of warm and dry air. This entrainment process mixes ABL to form a deeper fireABL, optimizing conditions for moist pyrocloud events. A novel finding is the role of the dry pyrocloud entrainment process in maintaining a decoupled fireABL from surface conditions during the day-to-night transition. This dynamical transition explains the recently observed nocturnal extreme fire events that lasted up to 17 hours, a phenomenon present in 40.2% of observed EWEs worldwide. We argue that during wildfires, the dry pyrocloud persistence shifts the turbulent driving conditions from surface to atmosphere, disrupts the daily cycle of the lower atmosphere, and increases the number of longer-lasting pyroconvective EWEs.
Improved socioeconomic status, as indicated by education and income, enhances the prognosis of central nervous system tumours
Authors: Lyu Boqiang , Wang Biyuan , Tian Yunze , Zhang Yongfeng , Yu Beibei , Chen Huangtao , Fu Longhui , Ren Pengyu , Li Jianzhong , Gong Shouping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with CNS tumors is affected by many characteristics. Socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to affect many tumors’ survival. This study focuses on the influence of SES in CNS tumor.
Methods
Patient data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Supervised optimal binning and information value (IV) were used for SES assessment. Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, area under curve (AUC) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to assess the predictive performance.
Results
Median household income (MHI) and at least bachelor's degree (ALBD) were found have proper IV and ability to make a statistically significant classification of overall survival. Both MHI and ALBD have been found to have the ability to further subdivide categories of gender, age, grade, metastasis, histology, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Higher MHI and ALBD are associated with better prognosis. Cox regressions with different survival functions and survival time revealed higher MHI and ALBD, younger, married, insured, low grade, local metastasis, perform surgery and chemotherapy are correlate with better survival. ALBD may play an important role than MHI, and MHI might be able to decrease misclassified poor prognosis.
Conclusion
MHI and ALBD are two of the most important SES in CNS tumor. Higher MHI and ALBD are correlated with better survival. MHI and ALBD could further subdivide categories of other characteristics, and associated with the perform of treatments, which could provide new strategy for personalized treatment.
The Risk Signature of Pyroptosis-Related Long Noncoding RNAs Predicts Prognosis and Indicates Immunotherapeutic Efficiency in Hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Xu Chen , Meng Qiang , Yuan Juzheng , Peng Wei , Liu Zhengcai , Wang Huimin , Li Haimin , Qu Shibin , Tao Kaishan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pyroptosis can cause inflammasome activation through Caspase-1/NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) pathways, which is closely related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The immunotherapy of HCC has a good overall effect and has been widely used in clinical, but the exact effect varies from person to person. Dysregulation of lncRNA can lead to inflammatory and abnormal immune microenvironment in HCC. However, few studies have reported the role for pyroptosis-related lncRNAs (PRlncRNAs) in HCC. In this study, we constructed and validated a risk model based on 8 PRlncRNAs to predict the prognosis of patients and immune cell infiltration in HCC using bioinformatics approaches and experiments. Our risk model showed that patients in a high-risk group exhibited a poor prognosis and risk score is an independent prognostic factor. AUC analysis proved that our risk signature more accurately predicted the prognosis of patients than traditional clinicopathological indexes. The results of GSEA and (ss)GSEA showed that high-risk group genes were mainly enriched in immune pathways and that their executive function depended on inhibitory immune checkpoints. Furthermore, downregulation of AC009283.1 expression accelerated the HCC cells progression, reduced NLRP3/Caspase-1 expression and infiltration of CD3. While si-LINC00942 got the opposite results. Overall, the novel signature has a high credibility in predicting the patient prognosis and evaluating the immune status, which has important significance for guiding immunotherapy and developing precise treatments to benefit HCC patients.
The significance of guiding anterior cruciate ligament revision: a modified femoral tunnel classification
Authors: Niu Yingzhen , Chen Zhen , Jin Lingpeng , Li Zhikuan , Zheng Yi , Zhang Zhuangdai , Li Yusheng , Dong Jiangtao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background The positioning error of femoral tunnel was the key factor leading to the failure of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. This study aimed to propose a new femoral tunnel classification to guide ACL revision process.
Methods Totals of 150 patients with ACL reconstruction failure from 2016 and 2023 were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to the tunnel diameter, shape, back wall and the positioning relationship with the Lateral Intercondylar Ridge on the three-dimensional CT imaging, we divided the femoral tunnels into four types: Type I off-target type, Type Ⅱ straddled type, Type Ⅲ anatomical type, and Type IV irregular type. Finally, explored the inter-observer reliability within two groups of doctors (Group A, 12 high seniorities; Group B, 12 low seniorities), and evaluated the intra-observer reliability within 6 doctors after two months.
Results Among 150 cases of femoral tunnel three-dimensional CT reconstructed imaging, 144 cases were successfully included in the classification system, and 6 cases were confirmed as uncertain type. We measured the Kappa (κ) coefficient of group A was significantly higher than that of group B (κ 0.72 VS 0.68), and the κ coefficient of group A was still higher than group B (κ 0.69 VS 0.62) after further dividing Type Ⅲ anatomical type into three subtypes. In addition, the κ coefficients of intra-observer reliability were all exceeded 0.73.
Conclusion The new femoral tunnel classification was reliable and had clinical guiding significance based on three-dimensional CT imaging.
Level of evidence Level Ⅲ
Research on Anchor Loss in Weakly Coupled Resonator Systems of Mode-Localized Mass Sensor Based on PML Method
Authors: Cheng Rongjun , Zhang Wenlong , Yuan Yi , Huang Qiangxian , Zhang Liansheng , Li Hongli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The performance of a micro-resonator highly depends on the rate of vibrational energy dissipation. Anchor loss is one of the major sources of energy dissipation in vacuum-encapsulated weakly coupled mode-localized sensors. To study anchor energy loss in weakly coupled-resonator systems, the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) method is utilized to investigate the influence of key factors on the anchor loss quality factor of mass sensor, including the size and position of the coupled beam, the resonator dimensions, and the material properties of weakly coupled resonator. The results indicate that increasing the ratio of Young’s modulus between the substrate and resonator beam, enhancing the length-to-width ratio of the resonator beam, selecting appropriate coupling positions, and reducing the width of the coupled beam can effectively reduce anchor loss, thus improving the quality factor of mode-localized weakly coupled systems. Moreover, the anchor loss is not only related to the stress distribution at the anchor region but also closely related to the eigenfrequency of the coupled resonant system. These findings can provide valuable references for the design and optimization of mode-localized mass sensors.
Fermentation of acidic-pretreated glycerol for enhanced 1,3-PDO production by immobilized Clostridium butyricum JKT 37 on coconut shell activated carbon
Authors: Tey Ker Yee , Luthfi Abdullah Amru Indera , Woon Kok Sin , Lee Chew Tin , Manaf Shareena Fairuz Abdul , Yeap Swee Keong , Mahmod Safa Senan , Silvamany Hemavathi , Tan Jian Ping , Hui Yew Woh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Bioproduction of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) is regarded as a low carbon footprint bioprocess with a 33% reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to conventional chemical processes. In line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12, bioproduction of 1,3-PDO closes the loop between biodiesel waste glycerol and biobased 1,3-PDO to establish a circular bioeconomy. There are limited studies on the bioconversion of biodiesel-derived glycerol into 1,3-PDO via the immobilized cell biocatalysis route. In this study, the production of 1,3-PDO was enhanced by the wild-type Clostridium butyricum JKT 37 immobilized on the activated carbon of coconut shell (CSAC) as supporting material using the acidic-pretreated glycerol as a carbon source. Among various mesh sizes of CSAC tested, the 6-12 mesh immobilizer had enhanced cell density by about 94.43% compared to the suspended cell system. Following the acidic pretreatment in 37% (v/v) HCl, the pretreated glycerol had 85.60% glycerol with complete removal of soaps. The immobilized cell fermentation using pretreated glycerol produced 8.04 ± 0.34 g/L 1,3-PDO with 0.62 ± 0.02 mol/mol of yield, 15.81% and 27.78% higher than the control, respectively. Five repeated batches of immobilized cell fermentation had resulted in the average 1,3-PDO titer, yield, and productivity of 16.40 ± 0.58 g/L, 0.60 ± 0.03 mol/mol, and 0.68 ± 0.02 g/L.h, respectively. The metabolism pathway gradually shifted to a reductive branch when immobilized cells were reused in repeated batch fermentation, proven by the reduction in organic acid formation and the increased ratio of 1,3-PDO-to-total organic acids.
Does opting in or out affect the take up of incentives in a long running population-based cohort study: A nested randomised trial in ALSPAC
Authors: Northstone Kate , Bowring Claire 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Financial incentives may be important for improving response rates to data collection activities and for retaining participants in longitudinal studies. However, for large studies, this introduces significant additional costs. We sought to determine whether an opt-in or an opt-out option for receiving financial incentives when completing questionnaires offers any cost saving measures.
Methods: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children has been ongoing for more than 30 years. It has offered a £10 incentive for completing annual questionnaires for >10 years, this is provided by default unless a participant chooses to opt out. For questionnaires completed in 2020 by the original parents recruited to the study and by their offspring, we randomised participants to either opt-out or to opt-in to receiving their vouchers. Logistic regressions determined whether opt-out or opt-in made any difference to the proportion of participants receiving their vouchers.
Results: Participants are less likely to choose to receive a thank you for their time in the form of a £10 shopping voucher if they are asked to opt in compared to if they are asked to opt out. The odds ratio, adjusted for baseline characteristics was 3.94 (95% Confidence Interval: 3.49, 4.45). There was no difference in response rates according to whether participants were randomised to the opt-in or opt-out group.
Conclusions: ALSPAC now employs an opt-in procedure for participants receiving their financial incentive when completing a questionnaire. We recommend similar studies consider this option if they want to introduce some cost savings without harming overall response rates.
Mental illness and COVID-19 vaccination: a multinational investigation of observational &amp; register-based data
Authors: Barker Mary , Kõiv Kadri , Magnúsdóttir Ingibjörg , Milbourn Hannah , Wang Bin , Du Xinkai , Murphy Gillian , Herweijer Eva , Gísladóttir Elísabet , Li Huiqi , Lovik Anikó , Kahler Anna , Campbell Archie , Feychting Maria , Hauksdóttir Arna , Joyce Emily , Thordardottir Edda , Frans Emma , Hoffart Asle , Magi Reedik , Tómasson Gunnar , Ásbjörnsdóttir Kristjana , Jakobsdóttir Jóhanna , Andreassen Ole , Sullivan Patrick , Johnson Sverre , Aspelund Thor , Brandlistuen Ragnhild , Ask Helga , McCartney Daniel , Ebrahimi Omid , Lehto Kelli , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur , Nyberg Fredrik , Fang Fang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Individuals with mental illness are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, previous studies on the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in this population have reported conflicting results. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between mental illness and COVID-19 vaccination uptake, using data from five countries.
Methods: Data from seven cohort studies (N=325,298), and the Swedish registers (8,080,234), were used to identify mental illness and COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Multivariable modified Poisson regression models were conducted to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% CIs of vaccination uptake among individuals with v.s. without mental illness. Results from the cohort studies were pooled using random effects meta-analyses.
Findings: Most of the meta-analyses performed using the COVIDMENT study population showed no significant association between mental illness and vaccination uptake. In the Swedish register study population, we observed a very small reduction in the uptake of both the first (prevalence ratio [PR]: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99, p<0.001) and second dose among individuals with mental illness; the reduction was however greater among those not using pyschiatric medication (PR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.91-0.91, p<0.001).
Conclusions: The high uptake of COVID-19 vaccination observed among individuals with most types of mental illness highlights the comprehensiveness of the vaccination campaign , however lower levels of vaccination uptake among subgroups of individuals with unmedicated mental illness warrants attention in future vaccination campaigns.
Analysis of the Visual Function With the Continuous Transitional Focus Intraocular Lens Precizon Presbyopic
Authors: León-Ibáñez Luis , Piñero David Pablo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a refractive multi-segmented continuous transitional focus intraocular lens (IOL), analyzing the potential influence of patient pupil dynamics on these outcomes\.
Methods
Retrospective consecutive case series study enrolling 40 eyes (20 patients, 47–81 years) implanted with the Precizon Presbyopic IOL (Ophtec BV). The following clinical outcomes were analyzed during a mean follow-up of 12.1 months (2–24 months): visual acuity, refraction, contrast sensitivity (CS) under photopic and mesopic conditions, binocular defocus curve and evaluation of the perception of disturbing visual symptoms with a validated questionnaire.
Results
Mean binocular uncorrected distance (UDVA), distance-corrected intermediate (DCIVA), uncorrected near (UNVA) and distance-corrected near visual acuities (DCNVA) were − 0.09 ± 0.07, 0.04 ± 0.05, 0.17 ± 0.12, and 0.15 ± 0.10 logMAR, respectively. In the binocular defocus curve, mean distance-corrected visual acuity was over 0.20 logMAR for defocus levels from + 1.50 to -3.00 D. No significant correlations of photopic pupil diameter were found with any postoperative visual acuity data (-0.165 ≤ r ≤ 0.192, p ≥ 0.235). Moderate correlations of mesopic pupil size were found with visual acuities for the defocus levels of -2.50 (r = 0.454, p = 0.003), -3.00 (r = 0.609, p < 0.001), -3.50 (r = 0.519, p < 0.001), and − 4.00 D (r = 0.403, p = 0.010). Only significant differences were found between mesopic and photopic CS for 12 cycles/degree (p = 0.010). No cases of severe glare or halos were detected. In contrast, 10% of patients referred the severe perception of starbursts postoperatively. Full spectacle independence was referred by almost all patients (90%).
Conclusions
The IOL demonstrates effective visual restoration at various distances, characterized by high levels of visual quality and minimal dependence on pupil dynamics.
Frequency analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall in Brazil with multiparameter probability density functions
Authors: Rodrigues Aryane Araujo , Beskow Tamara Leitzke Caldeira , Siqueira Tirzah Moreira , Beskow Samuel , de Mello Carlos Rogerio , de Oliveira Luis Fernando Coutinho 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

For water resources engineering and management, understand the extreme rainfall events it’s essential. Using rainfall frequency analysis, one can fit many Probability Density Functions (PDFs) to the rainfall series and identify the best fit through the goodness-of-fit tests, allowing the estimate of Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall (AMDR) quantiles for different Return Periods (RP). Recommendations regarding the best PDFs for this have been made for some countries, however, in the opposite direction, Brazil has no guidelines or recommendations such as the above mentioned, and Gumbel distribution still is the most used PDF for modeling AMDR, frequently without testing others. That said, we focus in modeling thousands of AMDR series in Brazil, evaluating ten PDF candidates to find the best fit and defining the most indicated to describe AMDR in the country. The methodology consisted of: acquisition, structuration and screening process by temporal and statistical criteria; fit of the 2-, 3- and multiparameter PDFs to the AMDR series based on the L-moments method; quantile estimation; and PDFs performance assessment by Filliben test and the relative absolute error. From the almost 4 thousand AMDR series investigated, we concluded that: Gumbel and Exponential provided the poorest performance (32.1–60.2% of non-satisfactory fits); multiparametric PDFs (Wakeby and Kappa) are the most indicated for modeling AMDR in Brazil; Gumbel had the highest error values for quantile estimate, especially for high RP; novelties and advances on probabilistic modeling of AMDR in Brazil were provided, helping decision makers with accurate and essential technical information for many purposes.
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associates with markers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired elderly people
Authors: Jacobs Tovia , Jacobson Sean R. , Fortea Juan , Berger Jeffrey S. , Vedvyas Alok , Marsh Karyn , He Tianshe , Gutierrez-Jimenez Eugenio , Fillmore Nathanael R. , Bubu Omonigho M. , Gonzalez Moses , Figueredo Luisa , Gaggi Naomi L. , Plaska Chelsea Reichert , Pomara Nunzio , Blessing Esther , Betensky Rebecca , Rusinek Henry , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Glodzik Lidia , Wisniewski Thomas M , Leon Mony J. , Osorio Ricardo S. , Ramos-Cejudo Jaime 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background:
An elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in blood has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, an elevated NLR has also been implicated in many other conditions that are risk factors for AD, prompting investigation into whether the NLR is directly linked with AD pathology or a result of underlying comorbidities. Herein, we explored the relationship between the NLR and AD biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects. Adjusting for sociodemographics, APOE4, and common comorbidities, we investigated these associations in two cohorts: the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the M.J. de Leon CSF repository at NYU. Specifically, we examined associations between the NLR and cross-sectional measures of amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau), as well as the trajectories of these CSF measures obtained longitudinally.
Results:
A total of 111 ADNI and 190 NYU participants classified as CU with available NLR, CSF, and covariate data were included. Compared to NYU, ADNI participants were older (73.79 vs. 61.53, p < 0.001), had a higher proportion of males (49.5% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.042), higher BMIs (27.94 vs. 25.79, p < 0.001), higher prevalence of hypertensive history (47.7% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.001), and a greater percentage of Aβ-positivity (34.2% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.009). In the ADNI cohort, we found cross-sectional associations between the NLR and CSF Aβ42 (β=-12.193, p = 0.021), but not t-tau or p-tau. In the NYU cohort, we found cross-sectional associations between the NLR and CSF t-tau (β = 26.812, p = 0.019) and p-tau (β = 3.441, p = 0.015), but not Aβ42. In the NYU cohort alone, subjects classified as Aβ+ (n = 38) displayed a stronger association between the NLR and t-tau (β = 100.476, p = 0.037) compared to Aβ- subjects or the non-stratified cohort. In both cohorts, the same associations observed in the cross-sectional analyses were observed after incorporating longitudinal CSF data.
Conclusions:
We report associations between the NLR and Aβ42 in the older ADNI cohort, and between the NLR and t-tau and p-tau181 in the younger NYU cohort. Associations persisted after adjusting for comorbidities, suggesting a direct link between the NLR and AD. However, changes in associations between the NLR and specific AD biomarkers may occur as part of immunosenescence.
Contrasting Linguistic Patterns in Human and LLM-Generated News Text
Authors: Muñoz-Ortiz Alberto , Gómez-Rodríguez Carlos , Vilares David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

We conduct a quantitative analysis contrasting human-written English news text with comparable large language model (LLM) output from from six different LLMs that cover three different families and four sizes in total. Our analysis spans several measurable linguistic dimensions, including morphological, syntactic, psychometric, and sociolinguistic aspects. The results reveal various measurable differences between human and AI-generated texts. Human texts exhibit more scattered sentence length distributions, more variety of vocabulary, a distinct use of dependency and constituent types, shorter constituents, and more optimized dependency distances. Humans tend to exhibit stronger negative emotions (such as fear and disgust) and less joy compared to text generated by LLMs, with the toxicity of these models increasing as their size grows. LLM outputs use more numbers, symbols and auxiliaries (suggesting objective language) than human texts, as well as more pronouns. The sexist bias prevalent in human text is also expressed by LLMs, and even magnified in all of them but one. Differences between LLMs and humans are larger than between LLMs.