bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E intake and systemic antioxidant status in competitive endurance horses
Authors: Williams CA , Kronfeld DS , Hess TM , Saker KE , Waldron JE , Harris PA 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe objective was to compare vitamin E content in the total diet of Arabian horses competing in the 80 km Research Ride 2002 to the oxidative stress and antioxidant measures throughout the race. Prior to the race, riders completed a detailed nutritional survey, which was used to calculate vitamin E intake. Blood samples, temperature and heart rate were taken the day before the race, at 27 and 48 km during the race, at race completion or elimination and 3 h after race completion. Plasma lipid hydroperoxides, α-tocopherol (TOC), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, red and white blood cell total glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were measured. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation in SAS. From the survey, it was estimated that horses consumed 2265±114 IU day−1 of vitamin E. A negative correlation was found between the vitamin E intake and CK (r = −0.23; P = 0.002), and AST (r = −0.22; P = 0.003). A positive correlation was found between the vitamin E intake and plasma TOC (r = 0.15; P = 0.005) at all sample times. This suggests that intensely exercising horses supplemented with vitamin E may not have an improved welfare and performance if they are supplemented vitamin E versus what is naturally found in forages and commercial feeds.
Proust, a Fountain and some Pink Marble
Authors: Baldwin Thomas 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

This article is in two parts. The first concerns a description of the ‘Hubert Robert fountain’ that occurs towards the beginning of
Sodome et Gomorrhe.
The second concerns the narrator's description in
Le Temps retrouvé
of the ‘matière’ of his work as ‘distincte, nouvelle, d'une transparence, d'une sonorité spéciales, compacte, fraîchissante et rose’.

1

The two parts are connected by a transformatory effect. In the first, an object that enters the world of the text as a ‘real’ fountain, mimetically described, is transformed into a fountain depicted in a painting that the text describes ekphrastically. This painting then changes from a naturalistic depiction into a Cubist-type composition (a painting that stresses the literalness of its surface), only to turn back into an actual fountain. Proust's internal description of the novel undergoes a similar transformation. Having filled the novel with descriptions of depicted and actual things, he menaces the reader with the possibility that the virtual world is about to vanish, that the novel is a piece of marble or flesh, pink, compact and transparent — a real and tangible object.
Quand les Antillais relisent Aristote: un tragique de la latence
Authors: Douaire Anne 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Dans le second
xx
ème
siècle, les littératures de Martinique et de Guadeloupe (F. W. I.), cherchant à exprimer le dit ‘malaise antillais’ fondé sur la non-histoire, s'emparent d'une catégorie esthétique occidentale: le tragique. Confronté aux particularités de ces sociétés, et à la volonté des auteurs de ne pas s'inscrire sans dispute dans le canon littéraire européen, le tragique subit une série de transformations. Celles-ci naissent d'abord du contexte historique, qui empêche une pensée sereine de la fondation sociale, puisque les écrivants sont pour la plupart des membres du peuple vaincu et colonisé et à ce titre ne peuvent idéologiquement se faire les thuriféraires d'un ordre établi et honni. Cette situation a des conséquences littéraires, l'opposition de deux forces légitimes se muant en l'écrasement toujours-déjà achevé d'une collectivité. Plus d'engrenage fatal donc, qui mènerait un héros solaire au sacrifice, mais une latence dysphorique engluant tout un peuple dans sa ‘toile de néant’ (Glissant). Les œuvres de Glissant, de Césaire, mais aussi de Chamoiseau ou Boukman servent de fondement à une discussion sur la valeur canonique du tragique: si l'on peut, modifiant les prétendus impératifs génériques (exemplarité du héros, abstraction universalisante, engrenage dramaturgique), créer par les textes une émotion tragique (que l'on caractérise comme un tragique de la latence), c'est qu'un détour par le corpus antillais, loin de dénaturer une catégorie esthétique, enrichit sa compréhension.
High yield bacterial expression of active c‐Abl and c‐Src tyrosine kinases
Authors: Seeliger Markus A. , Young Matthew , Henderson M. Nidanie , Pellicena Patricia , King David S. , Falick Arnold M. , Kuriyan John 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe Abl and Src tyrosine kinases are key signaling proteins that are of considerable interest as drug targets in cancer and many other diseases. The regulatory mechanisms that control the activity of these proteins are complex, and involve large‐scale conformational changes in response to phosphorylation and other modulatory signals. The success of the Abl inhibitor imatinib in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia has shown the potential of kinase inhibitors, but the rise of drug resistance in patients has also shown that drugs with alternative modes of binding to the kinase are needed. The detailed understanding of mechanisms of protein–drug interaction and drug resistance through biophysical methods demands a method for the production of active protein on the milligram scale. We have developed a bacterial expression system for the kinase domains of c‐Abl and c‐Src, which allows for the quick expression and purification of active wild‐type and mutant kinase domains by coexpression with the YopH tyrosine phosphatase. This method makes practical the use of isotopic labeling of c‐Abl and c‐Src for NMR studies, and is also applicable for constructs containing the SH2 and SH3 domains of the kinases.
Solution structure of the Escherichia coli protein ydhR: A putative mono‐oxygenase
Authors: Revington Matthew , Semesi Anthony , Yee Adelinda , Shaw Gary S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractYdhR is a 101‐residue conserved protein from Escherichia coli. Sequence searches reveal that the protein has >50% identity to proteins found in a variety of other bacterial genomes. Using size exclusion chromatography and fluorescence spectroscopy, we determined that ydhR exists in a dimeric state with a dissociation constant of ∼40 nM. The three‐dimensional structure of dimeric ydhR was determined using NMR spectroscopy. A total of 3400 unambiguous NOEs, both manually and automatically assigned, were used for the structure calculation that was refined using an explicit hydration shell. A family of 20 structures was obtained with a backbone RMSD of 0.48 Å for elements of secondary structure. The structure reveals a dimeric α,β fold characteristic of the alpha+beta barrel superfamily of proteins. Bioinformatic approaches were used to show that ydhR likely belongs to a recently identified group of mono‐oxygenase proteins that includes ActVA‐Orf6 and YgiN and are involved in the oxygenation of polyaromatic ring compounds.
Risk of p53 gene mutation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and habit of betel quid chewing in Taiwanese
Authors: Goan Yih‐Gang , Chang Huang‐Chou , Hsu Hon‐Ki , Chou Yi‐Pin , Cheng Jiin‐Tsuey 
Published: November 2005

A recent report suggested that BQ (BQ) chewing significantly correlated with the occurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Taiwanese. BQ chewing was shown to be associated with p53 mutation in oral cancers. However, the relationship between BQ chewing and p53 mutation in ESCC is unclear. Seventy‐five primary ESCC patients were enrolled for mutational analysis of the p53 gene using polymerase chain amplification and direct sequencing of amplified product. Thirty‐seven mutations of the p53 gene were detected in 45.5% (34/75) of tumor specimens. These mutations significantly clustered in exon 5 (21/37) of the p53 gene. The incidence of p53 mutations did not associate with clinicopathological characteristics or the habits of cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption. However, BQ chewers exhibited significantly higher incidence of p53 gene mutations than non‐chewers (67.6% vs 32.4%, P = 0.007). After controlling the confounding factors of cigarette smoking and alcohol intake, BQ chewing still showed significant association with the incidence of p53 mutation in ESCCs (RR = 4.23; 95% CI, 1.317–13.60). The A:T to G:C transition (8/37, 21.6%) and G:C to T:A transversion (5/23, 13.5%) were the prevalent spectrum of p53 gene mutations. All A:T to G:C transitional mutations occurred in patients with the habits of BQ chewing and cigarette smoking. Noticeably, alcohol consumption could enhance this peculiar spectrum of p53 mutation in ESCC. Accordingly, p53 might be an important molecular target of BQ carcinogens in the development of ESCC in Taiwanese. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 758–765)
Promotion of folate for the prevention of neural tube defects: who benefits?
Authors: Bower Carol , Miller Margaret , Payne Jan , Serna Peta 
Published: November 2005

SummarySince the publication of randomised trials showing firm evidence of prevention of neural tube defects with periconceptional folic acid, there have been population health promotion programmes to encourage women to take folic acid supplements, and the introduction of voluntary fortification of some foods with folic acid in Australia. In order to evaluate these two strategies, we collected data by self‐administered questionnaire from a random sample of recently pregnant women in Western Australia between September 1997 and March 2000. Response to health promotion was measured in three ways: (1) knowledge of the association between periconceptional folate and prevention of spina bifida (the ‘correct message’); (2) use of periconceptional vitamin supplements of folic acid daily in the periconceptional period; and (3) daily folate intake from fortified foods in the 6 months before pregnancy. We examined the relationship of maternal demographic and behavioural characteristics with these three measures.Overall, 62.3% of women were aware of the correct message before pregnancy, 28.5% reported taking 200 µg or more of folic acid from supplements daily in the periconceptional period and 56.6% of women obtained 100 µg or more of folic acid from fortified foods. Women who first became aware of the correct message during pregnancy or who were unaware of the correct message before or during pregnancy were more likely than women aware before pregnancy to be younger, having their first pregnancy, be single or in a de facto relationship, have no tertiary education, and be a public patient. Similar associations were seen for women taking either no folic acid or < 200 µg of folic acid in supplements daily in the periconceptional period. There were no significant associations between these demographic variables and amount of folate obtained from fortified foods. Women who were unaware of the correct message and did not take folic acid supplements were more likely to have smoked, not to have engaged in exercise, and not to have planned their pregnancy, whereas there was no association with these behavioural characteristics and intake of folate from fortified foods.These results indicate that health promotion strategies have not reached all segments of the target population equally, but there is no such disparity with folate‐fortified foods, and they suggest that mandatory fortification of a staple food is likely to reach all women regardless of demographic and behavioural characteristics, and hence provide improved opportunity for prevention of neural tube defects in Australia.
Accuracy of reporting maternal in‐hospital diagnoses and intrapartum procedures in Washington State linked birth records
Authors: Lydon‐Rochelle Mona T. , Holt Victoria L. , Nelson Jennifer C. , Cárdenas Vicky , Gardella Carolyn , Easterling Thomas R. , Callaghan William M. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryWhile the impact of maternal morbidities and intrapartum procedures is a common topic in perinatal outcomes research, the accuracy of the reporting of these variables in the large administrative databases (birth certificates, hospital discharges) often utilised for such research is largely unknown. We conducted this study to compare maternal diagnoses and procedures listed on birth certificates, hospital discharge data, and birth certificate and hospital discharge data combined, with those documented in a stratified random sample of hospital medical records of 4541 women delivering liveborn infants in Washington State in 2000. We found that birth certificate and hospital discharge data combined had substantially higher true positive fractions (TPF, proportion of women with a positive medical record assessment who were positive using the administrative databases) than did birth certificate data alone for labour induction (86% vs. 52%), cephalopelvic disproportion (83% vs. 35%), abruptio placentae (85% vs. 68%), and forceps‐assisted delivery (89% vs. 55%). For procedures available only in hospital discharge data, TPFs were generally high: episiotomy (85%) and third and fourth degree vaginal lacerations (91%). Except for repeat caesarean section without labour (TPF, 81%), delivery procedures available only in birth certificate data had low TPFs, including augmentation (34%), repeat caesarean section with labour (61%), and vaginal birth after caesarean section (62%). Our data suggest that researchers conducting perinatal epidemiological studies should not rely solely on birth certificate data to detect maternal diagnoses and intrapartum procedures accurately.
The effect of polymorphisms at the CD14 promoter and the TLR4 gene on asthma phenotypes in Turkish children with asthma
Authors: Saçkesen C. , Karaaslan C. , Keskin O. , Tokol N. , Tahan F. , Civelek E. , Soyer O. U. , Adalıoǧlu G. , Tuncer A. , Birben E. , Öner C. , Kalaycı O. 
Published: November 2005

Background:  Endotoxin, with its potential to enhance type 1 immunity, is a significant player in the hygiene hypothesis. The combined effects of the genetic variants of various molecules in the endotoxin response pathway on asthma related phenotypes are largely unknown.Objective:  To investigate the effects of the genetic variants of CD14 and TLR4 genes on asthma phenotypes in a large number of asthmatic children.Methods:  613 asthmatic children were genotyped at the CD14‐C159T, TLR4‐A896G and TLR4‐C1196T loci. IgE, eosinophil numbers and FEV1 were compared in 327 children who were not on any controller medications and were symptom free. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with total IgE.Results:  Among children with atopic asthma, total IgE levels were significantly different among the three genotypes in the co‐dominant model [CC: 435 kU/l (interquartile range: 146–820); CT: 361 (140–710); TT 204 (98–435), P = 0.035]. TT genotype was significantly and independently associated with lower IgE levels (OR: 0.5 95%; CI = 0.28–0.90, P = 0.021). Both TLR4‐A896G and TLR4‐C1196T polymorphisms were more frequent in the mild asthma group with atopy (P = 0.032, 0.018, respectively). The combined effects of the genetic variants in CD14 and TLR4 genes did not improve the observed associations.Conclusion:  Our study demonstrates that the CD14‐C159T promoter variant influences total IgE levels and also indicates that the T allele has a more profound effect on total IgE in children with atopic asthma. Polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene may be associated with milder forms of disease in atopic asthmatics in the population studied.
A cytoplasmic motif targets neuroligin‐1 exclusively to dendrites of cultured hippocampal neurons
Authors: Rosales Carlos R. , Osborne Kyle D. , Zuccarino Griselda V. , Scheiffele Peter , Silverman Michael A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe formation of neuronal synapses is thought to depend on trans‐synaptic interactions between cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) on the surface of axons and dendrites. Synapses are highly asymmetric structures. Pre‐ and post‐synaptic domains might therefore be assembled around heterophilic CAMs which are polarized to axons vs. dendrites. We here investigated the targeting of neuroligin (NLG)‐1, a heterophilic CAM, which promotes synapse formation through interaction with its receptor β‐neurexin in axons. We demonstrate that NLG‐1 is highly polarized to the dendritic plasma membrane. Dendritic targeting relies on a cytoplasmic amino acid motif. By expressing chimeras of NLG‐1 and CD8, an unpolarized protein, we show that the cytoplasmic domain of NLG‐1 is necessary and sufficient for dendritic targeting. Furthermore, by truncation analysis we isolated a 32‐amino‐acid targeting motif. When appended to CD8 this cytoplasmic sequence is sufficient to direct exclusively dendritic localization of the protein. Analysis of yellow fluorescent protein‐tagged NLG‐1 revealed that vesicular structures containing NLG‐1 are excluded from the axon indicating that polarized distribution may be achieved by direct dendritic transport. We propose that the strict polarity of NLG‐1 contributes to the directional assembly of synapses during development of the central nervous system.
Neuronal expression of Nogo‐A mRNA and protein during neurite outgrowth in the developing rat olfactory system†
Authors: Richard Marion , Giannetti Nathalie , Saucier Diane , Sacquet Joëlle , Jourdan François , Pellier‐Monnin Véronique 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe major impediments to axonal regeneration in the central nervous system are growth‐inhibitory proteins present in the myelin sheath, and Nogo‐A is one of the most potent inhibitors synthesized by oligodendrocytes. However, neuronal expression of Nogo‐A during development suggests that it may have an additional role. The spatio‐temporal regulation of both Nogo‐A mRNA and protein expression was examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in the developing rat olfactory system. During embryonic and postnatal development (from E13 to P6), Nogo‐A mRNA and protein were strongly expressed by differentiating neurons in the olfactory epithelium and in the olfactory bulb. From the second postnatal week, a progressive down‐regulation of both Nogo‐A mRNA and protein occurred, such that only a weak expression persisted in the adult olfactory system. Using double‐immunostainings in the adult olfactory epithelium, we determined that Nogo‐A was preferentially expressed by immature olfactory receptor neurons extending axonal processes toward the olfactory bulb. At all developmental stages, Nogo‐A protein was preferentially targeted in olfactory axons emerging from the olfactory epithelium. Using an in vitro model of olfactory axon growth, we demonstrated that, in addition to its presence along the entire axon length, Nogo‐A accumulated in axonal growth cone and at axonal branching points, with a distribution similar to that of microtubule‐associated proteins. Moreover, Nogo‐A was transiently expressed in dendritic processes in the postnatal olfactory bulb. Together, our data suggest that, in non‐pathological conditions, Nogo‐A may be involved in the processes of axonal growth and dendritic modeling through the regulation of microtubule dynamics.
Clinical application of neurotrophic factors: the potential for primary auditory neuron protection
Authors: Gillespie Lisa N. , Shepherd Robert K. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSensorineural hearing loss, as a result of damage to or destruction of the sensory epithelia within the cochlea, is a common cause of deafness. The subsequent degeneration of the neural elements within the inner ear may impinge upon the efficacy of the cochlear implant. Experimental studies have demonstrated that neurotrophic factors can prevent this degeneration in animal models of deafness, and can even provide functional benefits. Neurotrophic factor therapy may therefore provide similar protective effects in humans, resulting in improved speech perception outcomes among cochlear implant patients. There are, however, numerous issues pertaining to delivery techniques and treatment regimes that need to be addressed prior to any clinical application. This review considers these issues in view of the potential therapeutic application of neurotrophic factors within the auditory system.
Rapid modulatory effect of estradiol on acetylcholine‐induced Ca2+signal is mediated through cyclic‐GMP cascade in LHRH‐releasing GT1‐7 cells
Authors: Morales Araceli , Díaz Mario , Guelmes Pedro , Marín Raquel , Alonso Rafael 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHypothalamic luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone neurons (LHRH) form the final pathway for the central control of reproduction through the release of LHRH into the pituitary‐hypothalamic system. We previously found that LHRH‐producing GT1‐7 cells respond to acetylcholine (ACh) with an increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) through activation of muscarinic receptors. This effect is acutely modulated by 17β‐estradiol in a manner compatible with specific membrane binding sites. Because increasing evidence suggests that second messengers are involved in the rapid action of estradiol, the aim of the present study was to identify the pathway underlying estrogen actions on ACh‐induced Ca2+signals. 8‐Bromoguanosine 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate (10 µm) and C‐type natriuretic peptide (10 µm) mimicked the effect of estradiol. On the contrary, neither dibutyryl cAMP (100 µm), forskolin (100 nmor 10 µm), or sodium nitroprusside (10 µm) induced any modification of [Ca2+]iin response to ACh. The effect of estradiol on calcium transients was totally blocked by two different cGMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitors. In addition, phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate (IP3) receptor was rapidly induced by estradiol but totally blocked when the cells were pretreated with a PKG inhibitor. We conclude that physiological concentrations of estradiol reduce ACh‐induced Ca2+transients via a mechanism involving a membrane‐associated guanylate cyclase, which finally induces a PKG‐dependent IP3receptor phosphorylation that modifies calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum.
A cross‐national survey of cultural expectations and sex‐role standards in reading
Authors: Downing John , Dwyer Carol A. , Feitelson Dina , Jansen Mogens , Kemppainen Ritva , Matihaldi Hilkka‐Liisa , Reggi David R. , Sakamoto Takahiko , Taylor Hugh , Thackray Derek V. , Thomson Douglas 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTCultural expectations and sex‐role standards about reading in Canada, Denmark, England, Finland, Israel, Japan, and U.S.A. were investigated. A picture test showing various activities and objects including reading and books was administered in each country to six sub‐samples that approximated to the levels: students in grades I, IV, VIII, and XII, college students, and adults. Subjects had to ascribe the activity or object as being appropriate for either a boy or a girl. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that cultural expectations and sex‐role standards about reading are congruent within one country but that they differ between countries. In particular, boys in Canada and the U.S.A. rapidly learn to perceive reading as a feminine activity, whereas Danish and Japanese males at all ages consistently view reading as acceptable masculine behaviour.
Learning to read: a psycholinguistic analysis of transitional processing
Authors: Donald David R. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTIn the last decade a shift in view of the reading process, from basically an‘analytic’to a‘constructivist‐psycholinguistic’view, has become apparent. The basis of this shift is analysed. The question of whether the process of learning‐to‐read, i.e. the transition from initial reading to fluent reading, can be understood in the same light is raised. It is argued that although the process of learning‐to‐read can be viewed essentially as a constructive process, developmental constraints require a modified view of the róle of constituent processing strategies. Implications of this modified view are suggested for the evaluation and teaching of reading.