bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trials of treatments for hematologic malignancies
Authors: Yanada Masamitsu , Narimatsu Hiroto , Suzuki Takeshi , Matsuo Keitaro , Naoe Tomoki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough randomized controlled trials (RCTs) require a great deal of time, money, and effort, the majority of them have resulted in failure to verify a priori hypotheses. Therefore, the intention in the current study was to clarify the differential elements of studies with ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ outcomes.METHODSThe authors performed a comprehensive search of RCT reports on treatments for hematologic malignancies published between 1995 and 2004, with 264 reports eventually identified. The expected rate and the observed rate for the primary endpoint were compared for 70 studies with all relevant information available.RESULTSOf all the superiority trials (n = 256), positive studies accounted for 33%. Most of the major study characteristics were not found to be associated with the study outcome except for the primary endpoint. Studies evaluating event‐free survival were more likely to report positive results than were those evaluating overall survival (P = .061). For the experimental treatment arm, the mean difference between the expected and observed rates was −10.1% (standard deviation [SD], 10.1%) in the negative studies, which indicates a rate lower than expected, and was 1.3% (SD, 9.2%) in the positive studies (P < .0001). In contrast, no statistical significance was observed for the standard treatment arm because the mean difference was 6.3% (SD, 10.7%) for the negative studies and 3.0% (SD, 9.0%) for the positive studies (P = .1885). The journal impact factor was statistically significantly higher for the positive than for the negative reports (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSGiving adequate consideration to the estimated effect of an experimental therapy may be critical when planning an RCT. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Primary Gleason pattern does not impact survival after permanent interstitial brachytherapy for Gleason score 7 prostate cancer
Authors: Merrick Gregory S. , Galbreath Robert W. , Butler Wayne M. , Waller Kent E. , Allen Zachariah A. , Lief Jonathan , Adamovich Edward 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe impact of primary Gleason pattern was determined on cause‐specific (CSS), biochemical progression‐free (bPFS), and overall survival (OS) after brachytherapy for Gleason score 7 prostate cancer.METHODSFrom April 1995 to October 2003, 530 patients underwent brachytherapy for Gleason score 3+4 (n = 300) or Gleason 4+3 (n = 230) prostate cancer. All patients underwent brachytherapy more than 3 years before analysis. The median follow‐up was 5.7 years. Of the 530 patients, 412 (77.7%) received supplemental external beam radiation therapy (XRT) and 177 (33.4%) received androgen deprivation therapy. bPFS was defined by a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) ≤0.40 ng/mL after nadir. Multiple parameters were evaluated as predictors of CSS, bPFS, and OS.RESULTSAt 10 years, Gleason 3+4 versus 4+3 did not predict for CSS (96.7% vs 93.3%, P = .506), bPFS (97.0% vs 92.9%, P = .085), or OS (77.0% vs 78.0%, P = .933). Cox linear regression analysis demonstrated that clinical stage and radiation dose (D90) predicted for CSS, whereas pretreatment PSA, clinical stage, and prostate size predicted for bPFS. Patient age, diabetes, and tobacco were the strongest predictors for OS. To date, 57 patients have died, with 80.7% due to cardiovascular/pulmonary events or secondary malignancies. Five patients have died of prostate cancer.CONCLUSIONSThe primary Gleason pattern did not impact CSS, bPFS, or OS in Gleason score 7 prostate cancer. Deaths from cardiovascular/pulmonary disease and second malignancies were 9.6 times more common than death from prostate cancer. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Sharp integral inequalities for harmonic functions
Authors: Hang Fengbo , Wang Xiaodong , Yan Xiaodong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMotivated by Carleman's proof of isoperimetric inequality in the plane, we study some sharp integral inequalities for harmonic functions on the upper half‐space. We also derive the regularity for nonnegative solutions of the associated integral system and some Liouville‐type theorems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Dyadic Sensitizer for Dye Solar Cells with High Energy‐Transfer Efficiency in the Device
Authors: Siegers Conrad , Hohl‐Ebinger Jochen , Zimmermann Boris , Würfel Uli , Mülhaupt Rolf , Hinsch Andreas , Haag Rainer 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new bichromophoric dyad based on an alkyl‐functionalized aminonaphthalimide as energy‐donor chromophore and [Ru(dcbpy)2(acac)]Cl (dcbpy=4,4′‐dicarboxybipyridine, acac=acetylacetonato) as energy acceptor and sensitizing chromophore is synthesized. Efficient quenching of the donor‐chromophore emission is observed in solution, presumably due to resonant energy transfer. This dyad is then used as a sensitizer in a dye solar cell. By comparing the spectral properties of transparent dye solar cells sensitized with the dyad and [Ru(dcbpy)2(acac)]Cl, it is possible to demonstrate that photons absorbed by the donor moiety also contribute significantly to the generation of current. Instead of using acceptor luminescence as a probe, enhanced photocurrent generation is employed to estimate the energy‐transfer efficiency. Fitting theoretical to experimental external quantum efficiency functions gives a value for the energy‐transfer efficiency of 85 %. Evaluation of the maximum output power of dye solar cells sensitized with the dyad and [Ru(dcbpy)2(acac)]Cl showed, under selective illumination at the absorption maximum of the donor chromophore, that the introduction of the energy‐donor moiety leads to a significant increase in the monochromatic maximum output power under blue illumination. This result demonstrates the usefulness of energy transfer for the generation of current in dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Is Plasma Concentration of NT‐Pro‐Brain Natriuretic Peptide Associated with Left Ventricle Hypertrophy among Hemodialysis Patients?
Authors: Kadiroglu Ali Kemal , Sit Dede , Kayabasi Hasan , Kara Ismail Hamdi , Yilmaz M. Emin , Batum Sabri 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOBJECTIVETo determine the association of plasma amino terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) level with left ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) among hemodialysis (HD) patients.METHODSWe evaluated 65 patients on maintenance HD (28 women, 37 men) treated thrice weekly by low‐flux hollow‐fiber dialyzers for at least 6 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they had LVH. NT‐proBNP concentration of the patients was measured before and after the HD session. Cardiac parameters were detected by echocardiography after the day of HD after the session.RESULTSIn group 1 were the 34 patients who were LVH(−) (19 women and 15 men) and in group 2 were the 31 patients who were LVH(+) (9 women and 22 men). Mean left ventricular posterior wall diameter (LVPWd) was 0.87 ± 0.16 cm in group 1 and 1.28 ± 0.16 cm in group 2 (p < .001). Men were predominant in group 2 (p = .029). The patients in group 2 were older than those in group 1 (p = .033). There were no significant differences between the groups in pre‐HD and post‐HD NT‐proBNP levels (p = .163 and p = .327, respectively). We did not find any significant relationship between mean concentration of pre‐HD NT‐proBNP and LVPWd (r = 0.064, p = 0.612). A positive correlation was found between mean concentration of pre‐HD NT‐proBNP with age (r = 0.281, p = 0.023), MAP (r = 0.469, p < 0.001), and left atrial diameter (r = 0.322, p = 0.009).CONCLUSIONAlthough increased serum levels of NT‐proBNP in HD patients was found to be related to LAd, an indicator of hypervolemia, there was no association between NT‐proBNP and LVH. Elevation of NT‐proBNP is affected by multiple factors such as age, sex, arterial blood pressure, and dialyzer membrane.
Developmental psychology in the real world: A paradigm of parent education
Authors: Clarke‐Stewart K. Alison 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwenty years ago, William Kessen, Greta Fein and I developed and tested a model of parent education, a model which involved variation in curricular content, didactic approaches, and child outcomes–experimentally contrasted. Our experience yielded some valuable lessons about the extent to which researchers can influence parents' behaviour, and parents their children's development. In the present article I suggest that these lessons might be useful for researchers now as they were for us then. I present some observations about the research that developmental psychologists have done in the intervening two decades and suggest that we could learn much by using such a model of parent education to answer questions about the effets of parents' behaviour on children's development. Carefully done, parent education studies can yield valuable information about many of the questions raised in recent correlational research. Parent training research can suggest hypotheses that can be tested with data collected non‐interventively and analysed in causal model analyses–and vice versa. What is more, because one reason for studying parent effects is so that we can offer guidance to parents about rearing their children, this design has a particular advantage; it is both the medium and the message.
Quantitative evaluation of infant behaviour and mother–infant interaction: An overview of a japanese interdisciplinary programme of research
Authors: Kobayashi Noboru , Ishii Takemochi , Watanabe Tomio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of an interdisciplinary programme of research started more than 20 years ago at the University of Tokyo. A major aim of this programme was (and still is) to develop methods and related forms of quantitative analysis that provide rigorous evaluations of infant behaviour from a particular theoretical perspective. In one part of the programme telethermography is used to measure emotional changes in young infants. Contrary to the accepted view in attachment theory, infants as young as 2–3 months showed evidence of stress following separation from the mother (as indexed by a drop in the skin temperature of the infant's forehead). In another part, we established the presence of interpersonal synchrony between arm movements of the newborn and the speech of the mother and other adults, using computer assisted pattern recognition techniques. On the basis of this finding, we have proposed a simulation model of mother‐infant interaction from the perspective of system information theory. In general, our programme of research provides a theoretically driven set of techniques and analytical approaches that may provide deeper insights into early development and parenting.
Autonomy and Interdependence in Japanese and American Mother–Toddler Dyads
Authors: Messinger Daniel , Freedman Daniel G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study investigated two hypotheses: (a) Japanese mother‐toddler dyads will work together more interdependently than American mother‐toddler dyads; (b) American toddlers will act more autonomously than Japanese toddlers. The hypotheses were investigated using videotapes of 10‐minute shape‐fitting interactions of 12 Caucasian American and 12 Japanese national mothers visiting the United States and their 24‐ to 31‐month‐olds (matched by mean age, gender and birth order). A significant MANOVA and subsequent stepdown analyses revealed: (a) that Japanese mothers more frequently assisted their toddlers in fitting a shape before the toddlers had tried to fit the shape on their own (interdependence); (b) that American toddlers did not attempt to fit more shapes on their own (autonomy); and (c) that more American toddlers left the task than did Japanese toddlers (autonomy). The results indicate greater interdependent task‐engagement among Japanese mother‐toddler dyads. Greater autonomy on the part of American dyads was evident not in how they did the task, but rather in toddlers choosing to leave the assigned task. Discussion focuses on the implications of these nationality differences for understanding possible differences in early socialization.
The effects of baby bath and massage by fathers on the family system: The sunraysia australia intervention project
Authors: Samuels Curtis A. , Scholz Kim , Edmundson Stella 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInstruction in baby massage and the Burleigh Relaxation Bath technique was given to one‐half of our sample of 32 couples who had just had their first child. This brief intervention, given at 4 weeks post‐partum, led to beneficial behavioural and psychological effects for the family system when assessed at 12 weeks postpartum. Depression and marital satisfaction were assessed with mothers and fathers at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after the birth of their child, and self‐esteem was measured at 12 weeks only. The mothers and fathers who were shown baby bathing and massage techniques showed higher degrees of marital satisfaction and self‐esteem, as well as lower levels of depression at 12 weeks post‐partum, than parents who did not receive instruction. It seems likely that brief interventions which educate new parents concerning functional techniques of baby care may favourably affect their feelings of competence and be of benefit to the entire family system.
The accuracy of maternal self‐reports: Agreement between reports on a computer simulation compared with observed behaviour in the supermarket
Authors: Holden George W. , Ritchie Kathy L. , Coleman Susan D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe validity of maternal self‐reports about their parenting behaviour is evaluated with two studies. In both studies, the mothers were observed shopping in the supermarket with their 2‐year‐old children. One week later they responded to multiple choice questions on a computer that simulated the experience of shopping with their children. The exact agreement between the two types of data was then assessed. The results from the first study involving 28 mothers revealed some agreement, although it was generally low. In an effort to increase the level of agreement, the computer simulation was revised to allow multiple responses and to clarify some of the simulation vigenettes. A replication study resulted in a considerably higher level of agreement for 22 mothers. Implications of this method for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Multilevel models in developmental psychological research: Rationales and applications
Authors: Hoeksma Jan B. , Koomen Helma M. Y. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe armoury of statistical techniques has recently been enhanced with the multilevel model for longitudinal data. The present article explains the multilevel model for longitudinal data to the statistically non‐sophisticated reader. It shows how the model relates to the five rationales of longitudinal research, as they were put forward by Baltes and Nesselroade (1979). In addition, it shows how the model matches Wohlwill's methodology of developmental functions. To elucidate the model further, three applications are given. The applications pertain to the development of children's sleeping duration during the first 18 months of life, the effects of early hospitalization on the daily frequency of crying, and the developmental relationship between social and solitary play.
Maternal interactive behaviour towards children with and children without cleft lip and palate
Authors: Koomen Helma M. Y. , Hoeksma Jan B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study examined qualitative and quantitative differences in maternal interactive behaviour towards infants with and without cleft lip and palate (CLP). Thirty‐three mother‐child pairs with CLP and 34 pairs without CLP were videotaped at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age in two sorts of play situations at home. In addition, the mothers were questioned by letter about their ability to recognize and interpret the child's signals; their willingness to respond to such signals; and the duration of shared daily activities in the context of feeding and play. The results showed that mothers of CLP children are somewhat less sensitive than other mothers. In addition, it appeared that CLP children play less with other people. Longer feeding times for CLP children appeared to be restricted to the age of 3 months. It is suggested that mothers of CLP children may be comparatively directive and stimulating because of uncertainty about additional deficiencies. Furthermore, they may be inclined to keep their children away from the outside world.
The influence of Japanese mothers' styles of emotional expression on thirteen‐month‐old infants' reactions to a stranger
Authors: Sogon Shunya , Masutani Makoto , Imakawa Shinji , Mototsune Maori 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study investigated the hypothesized influence of mothers' styles of emotional expression on infants' responses to the stranger in Episode 3, the Ainsworth Strange Situation. One hundred and thirty‐five mothers volunteered for this experiment with their 13‐month‐olds. The mothers' answers on an expression style questionnaire (EESQ) were factor analysed. According to their mothers' factor scores, infants were divided into four groups, those having (a) expressive type mothers (N = 40), (b) suppressive type mothers (N = 39), (c) positive expressive type mothers (N = 31), and (d) negative expressive type mothers (N = 25). The infants' behaviours were analysed in 5‐sec intervals. The infants having expressive type mothers showed a strong interest in the stranger and interacted with her willingly. The infants having suppressive type mothers exhibited less smiling and much freezing behaviour. The infants having positive expressive type mothers reacted with more smiling, much bodily contact behaviour with the mother and less crying. The infants having negative expressive type mothers showed more often crying and frequent head orientation towards the stranger.
Development of child autonomy in eating and toilet training: One‐ to three‐year‐old Japanese and French children
Authors: Norimatsu Hiroko 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study analyses the interface between children's culture and their development as they learn to perform the daily activities of eating and toileting in culturally appropriate ways.Thirty‐three Japanese and 36 French children 12‐31 months of age and adults' interventions were observed in public day care centres in Tokyo and in Paris. Within the same time frame, a survey was conducted among the adults (parents and nursery staff) to examine their developmental expectations for children.Observations reveal differences between children's learning in the two countries. Toilet training begins at a later age in Japan and is learned more quickly, whereas learning to eat alone begins earlier than in France but is acquired at a slower pace. The analysis of the surveys shows some discrepancy between adults' conceptions and actual interactions.In both countries, the developmental decrease in physical intervention corresponded with the progress of the child, but adult interventions and strategies varied according to the different cultures. The presence of Japanese adults is greater than those in France, but this does not mean that they intervene physically more often. Finally, instrumental independence begins slightly earlier in Japan.
The social environments of early infancy in Japan and the United States
Authors: Barratt Marguerite Stevenson , Negayama Koichi , Minami Tetsuhiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe social environments of early infancy in Japan and the United States were compared in terms of the context of caregiving and the quality of the month‐infant interaction. Mothers of 17 Japanese infants and 17 infants in the United States were interviewed in their homes about the experiences that they provided for their 4‐month‐old infants, and mother‐infant interactions were recorded on videotape. Levels of parents' education were similar in both countries. The context of the infant's development varied substantially with culture. Mothers in the United States provided a greater variety of experiences on the HOME and care of Japanese infants tended to be more exclusively provided by mothers whereas care of infants in the United States was shared by fathers and other caregivers to a greater extent. Examination of behaviour frequencies during mother‐infant interaction indicated that mothers in Japan provided their infants with more vocal input and more physical play than mothers in the United States and Japanese mothers were more vocally responsive to their infants' vocalizations.
Control and responsiveness in Japanese and German mother‐child interactions
Authors: Trommsdorff Gisela , Friedlmeier Wolfgang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study aims to examine culturally invariant and culture‐specific patterns of mother‐child interaction, and, more specifically, to explore the stability and change of such interactions in structurally different situations. Starting from a control theoretical framework (primary and secondary control), we expected that differences in stress induced by differently structured achievement demands would affect mother‐child interactions in Japan and Germany differently. For Japanese as compared to German mothers, less primary control and more responsiveness was expected as a result of the cultural value of social orientation. The sample consisted of 20 mother‐child dyads (5‐year‐old girls) in each culture. The experimental procedure confronted each mother‐child dyad with three different situations varying with respect to induced stress (from no stress to high stress). The mother‐child interactions were videotaped and analysed in regard to control behaviour and responsiveness. Cultural differences with respect to control behaviour were observed in the expected direction only for high‐stress situations. Also, Japanese mothers were more responsive in all three situations. Mother's responsiveness was related to child's secondary control in both cultures. Furthermore, Japanese children showed more secondary control than German children.
Practices and representations of child care and motor development among West Africans in Paris
Authors: Rabain‐Jamin Jacqueline , Wornham Wendy L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMassage techniques and postural manipulation used by West African women immigrants in Paris were studied, with the aim of demonstrating that culturally regulated caretaking practices have an influence on infant motor development. Twenty‐five infants were observed between the ages of 3 and 12 months and 9 and 15 months. Frequency of massage and its accompanying set of physical exercises were found to be related to age at onset of independent walking. The findings show that infants receiving daily massage walk significantly earlier than infants who do not receive massage, thus confirming other reports that vestibular and postural stimulation have a positive effect on motor development. These results are discussed in relation to the observed frequencey of contact and of physical games with the caregiver for a smaller sample of three infants, and to parental expectations about the age of acquisition of certain cognitive and motor abilities. African immigrant mothers expect their infants to sit and to walk earlier than French mothers. The conclusion emphasizes the contribution of social anthropology, which shows that in all cultures, physical development and body changes elicit symbolic practices and a search for explanation.