bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural killer group 2D‐major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide‐related sequence A activation enhances natural killer cell‐mediated immunity against hepatocellular carcinoma: A review
Authors: Arai Jun , Okumura Akinori , Kato Naoya , Ito Kiyoaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe recent clinical introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved therapeutic outcomes in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, these therapies targeting CD8+ T lymphocytes have a response rate of approximately 30%. In addition to CD8+ T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells represent promising therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma, because they comprise 30%–50% of all lymphocytes in the liver and contribute to antitumor immunity. A recent meta‐analysis revealed that the percentage of infiltrating NK cells in hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with a better patient outcome. Similarly, our previous genome‐wide association study on chronic viral hepatitis showed that a single‐nucleotide polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide‐related sequence A (MICA), a ligand to the NK activating receptor, plays a critical role in hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the regulation of MICA and NK group 2D expression in chronic hepatitis. Furthermore, we describe recent reports on MICA single‐nucleotide polymorphism‐driven hepatocarcinogenesis. The suppression of MICA shedding could represent a promising approach for immunosurveillance, as increased expression of membrane‐bound MICA achieved through the use of a MICA shedding inhibitor also enhances NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity.
TRADE SHOCKS AND HIGHER‐ORDER EARNINGS RISK IN LOCAL LABOR MARKETS
Authors: Martinez Tomás R. , Mello Ursula 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship between international trade and asymmetrical labor income risk. Using the case study of Brazil, we inspect how an increase in import penetration following the China shock impacted the distribution of idiosyncratic earnings changes across the country's local labor markets. We find that an increase in import penetration leads to a more dispersed and negatively skewed distribution. These effects can be explained by an increase in the volatility of hours worked following job and industry transitions, particularly from involuntary job separations.
Enhancing probiotic encapsulation with konjac glucomannan hydrolysate
Authors: Phumsombat Putthapong , Lekhavat Supaporn , Devahastin Sakamon , Chiewchan Naphaporn , Borompichaichartkul Chaleeda 
Published: March 2024

SummaryFeasibility of using konjac glucomannan hydrolysate (KGMH) as prebiotics and wall material for encapsulating probiotics was investigated. Prebiotic activity scores (PASs) were determined for KGMH, inulin, fructooligosaccharides and konjac glucomannan to assess their effectiveness in promoting growth of probiotics and inhibiting enteric mixture. Thermal tolerances of probiotics were also assessed. Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 and L. acidophilus LA5 exhibited higher PASs and thermal tolerances and were selected for encapsulation; freeze drying and spray drying were used to form and dry encapsulated probiotics. Maltodextrin (MD), soy protein isolate (SPI) and KGMH, either individually or in combination, were comparatively used as wall materials. Freeze drying with SPI and KGMH resulted in highest survival rates for L. rhamnosus L34 (97.92%) and L. acidophilus LA5 (88.94%). In case of spray drying, MD, KGMH and combination of MD and KGMH resulted in drying yields of 55–71%; SPI‐containing formula resulted in lower yields (20–23%). Spray‐dried probiotics exhibited lower survival rates compared to their freeze‐dried counterpart. KGMH, particularly in combination with SPI, emerged as promising material for enhancing probiotics survival during encapsulation.
Applying Galperin model to teacher professional development: A qualitative case study of a peer coaching program
Authors: Kamali Jaber , Javahery Pourya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study is an attempt to apply Galperin spiral model to implement and analyze a peer coaching program. To do so, six teachers (three coaches and three protégés), who attended a 3‐month peer coaching program in which protégés received help from their more experienced peers (coaches), completed narrative frames about the program and participated in individual semistructured interviews. After the transcription of the interviews, the thematic analysis was conducted on the gathered data. The results of the study revealed that although there are evidential obstacles to doing the program including inter alia, cultural schema, teacher financial well‐being and discontinuity of it, the employed model could provide additional aid and critical look for implementing peer coaching programs in educational contexts. Teachers and teacher educators can benefit from the findings by applying the proposed model in peer coaching programs.
Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in 10 Regional Capitals of Cameroon, October–December 2020
Authors: Sachathep Karampreet , Duong Yen T. , Reid Giles , Dokubo Emily Kainne , Shang Judith D. , Ndongmo Clement B. , Gabriel Ekali , Tharp G. , Dimite Laura Eno , N'Dir Adama , Okpu Gordon , Ogollah Francis M. , Nguafack Dubliss , Ntse Martin C. , Hrusa Gili , Yuengling Katherine , Tebbenhoff Megan , René Essomba , Françoise Ngo Sack , Felicity Naah Tabala , Okomo Marie Claire , Bissek Anne‐Cecile Zoung‐Kanyi , Harris Tiffany G. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCameroon was among the most affected African countries during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, the true prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 remains unknown.MethodsFrom October to December 2020, we conducted a cross‐sectional, age‐stratified SARS‐CoV‐2 seroepidemiological survey at 30 purposively selected community‐based sites across Cameroon's 10 regional capitals, sampling 10,000 individuals aged 5 years or older. We employed a parallel SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing algorithm (WANTAI ELISA and Abbott Architect) to improve both the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of seroprevalence.ResultsThe overall weighted and adjusted seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies across the 10 urban capitals of Cameroon was 10.5% (95% CI: 9.1%–12.0%) among participants aged ≥5 years. Of the 9332 participants, 730 males (13.1%, 95% CI: 11.5%–14.9%) had SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies compared to 293 females (8.0%, 95% CI: 6.8%—9.3%). Among those who reported a comorbidity at the time of testing, 15.8% (95% CI: 12.8%–19.4%) were seropositive. We estimated that over 2 million SARS‐CoV‐2 infections occurred in the 10 regional capitals of Cameroon between October and December 2020, compared to 21,160 cases officially reported at that time translating to one laboratory‐confirmed case being reported for every 110 SARS‐CoV‐2 infections across the 10 urban capitals.ConclusionThis study's findings point to extensive and under‐reported circulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Cameroon—an almost 100‐fold more cases compared to the number of cases reported to the World Health Organization. This finding highlights the importance of conducting serosurveys, especially in settings where access to testing may be limited and to repeat such surveys as part of pandemic tracking.
Profilometric, esthetic, and patient‐reported outcomes of the L‐shape technique combined with delayed connective tissue grafting in the maxillary anterior region: A 3‐year case series study
Authors: Kim Yeon‐Tae , Lee Jae‐Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the profilometric, esthetic, and patient‐reported outcomes of peri‐implant tissues in the maxillary anterior esthetic zone following guided bone regeneration (GBR) using the L‐shape technique combined with delayed connective tissue grafting (CTG).Materials and MethodsProfilometric and pink esthetic score (PES) measurements were performed at the time of implant surgery with GBR (T0) and at the 1‐ (T1), 2‐ (T2), and 3‐year (T3) follow‐up. Patient‐reported outcomes were also assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire. Statistical analysis over 3 years of follow‐up assessed changes at time points (T0, T1, T2, and T3) and time periods (T0–T1, T0–T2, and T0–T3) using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsA total of 12 patients (57.5 ± 12.3 years) were included in this study. The mean profilometric change in peri‐implant tissues over the 3‐year follow‐up period was 3.49 ± 1.11 mm, and the buccal contours were not significantly different between the comparison periods. The PES remained stable, while all OHIP‐14 domain scores improved significantly.ConclusionSimultaneous implant placement and GBR using the L‐shape technique combined with delayed CTG in the maxillary anterior region provides stable buccal profiles and consistent esthetics and improves patient‐reported quality of life over a 3‐year period.Clinical SignificanceThis study demonstrated that GBR using the L‐shape technique combined with delayed CTG in the maxillary anterior region improved the buccal profile, esthetics, and patient‐reported quality of life.
Creating and troubleshooting microscopy analysis workflows: Common challenges and common solutions
Authors: Cimini Beth A 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs microscopy diversifies and becomes ever more complex, the problem of quantification of microscopy images has emerged as a major roadblock for many researchers. All researchers must face certain challenges in turning microscopy images into answers, independent of their scientific question and the images they have generated. Challenges may arise at many stages throughout the analysis process, including handling of the image files, image pre‐processing, object finding, or measurement, and statistical analysis. While the exact solution required for each obstacle will be problem‐specific, by keeping analysis in mind, optimizing data quality, understanding tools and tradeoffs, breaking workflows and data sets into chunks, talking to experts, and thoroughly documenting what has been done, analysts at any experience level can learn to overcome these challenges and create better and easier image analyses.
How do the mindfulness and sensory‐behavioural‐emotional aspects influence the painful experience related to temporomandibular disorder?
Authors: Melchior Melissa de Oliveira , Magri Laís Valencise , Victoria Díaz‐Serrano Kranya , Leite‐Panissi Christie Ramos Andrade , Gherardi‐Donato Edilaine Cristina Silva 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain is persistent or recurrent pain lasting longer than 3 months. The experience of temporomandibular disorder (TMD)‐related pain is modulated by emotional and social factors, with mindfulness encapsulating these aspects.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between cognitive‐behavioural‐emotional characteristics, mindfulness and the painful experience in women with chronic pain‐related TMD.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted, including 90 women aged between 18 and 61 years old, diagnosed with chronic pain‐related TMD according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder, considering both temporomandibular joint and muscle pain. Specific instruments were employed to assess cognitive‐behavioural‐emotional aspects. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire scales evaluated the level and construct of mindfulness. The relationship between variables was analysed using bivariate association tests (.05 > p < .20), followed by multiple regression tests (p < .05).ResultsThe heightened experience of pain correlated with increasing age, a low level of education, the attribution of the locus of control by chance, and lower levels of mindfulness (p < .05). The heightened experience of pain was negatively influenced by mindfulness levels (p < .05). On the other hand, the painful experience was mainly influenced by facets describing negative formulation, distraction, non‐reactivity and non‐judgement (p < .05).ConclusionDemographic, cognitive‐behavioural‐emotional data and levels of mindfulness and its facets presented different influence weights on the painful experience. These findings provide support for future studies focusing on mindfulness strategies, education and pain management in women with chronic pain‐related TMD.
Parental Perception of Children's Mental Health During the Pandemic: Insights From an Italian Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Lo Moro Giuseppina , Scaioli Giacomo , Conrado Francesco , Lusiani Luca , Pinto Sonia , Rolfini Edoardo , Bert Fabrizio , Siliquini Roberta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study explores the impact of the pandemic on children's mental health. It examined the understanding of parents regarding their children's mental condition and their ability to identify issues, 2 years post the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, 507 Italian parents reported on their youngest child aged between 2 and 17, totaling 507 children. The outcomes focused on were parental perception of children's mental health deterioration, scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) above the clinical cut‐off, and parental under‐recognition of mental health issues. Descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were executed (significance at p < .05).ResultsParents were 88.1% women (median age 41 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 36‐47). Their children were 50.3% female [median age 6 years (IQR = 4‐11)]. The data revealed 21.1% of parents perceived a deterioration in their children's mental health, while 44.2% had SDQ scores above the cut‐off. Parental under‐recognition of mental issues was found in 20.1% of cases. Significant correlations were found between parental perception of deterioration, SDQ scores, and factors like parental mental distress and children's sleep issues.ImplicationsThe findings suggest that schools and verified websites can serve as critical conduits for providing parents with reliable information. By promoting early identification and intervention, such mechanisms can help ensure mental health equity for children.ConclusionsThe research highlights the effect of the pandemic on children's mental health and the issue of parental under‐recognition. The results underscore the importance of public health initiatives that enhance mental health information accessibility and reliability for parents.
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in a French bulldog puppy with genetically confirmed congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: González Katia Sánchez , Warwick Harry , Conradie Marius , Alisauskaite Neringa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA 7‐month‐old male French bulldog was referred for abnormal mentation and gait. Physical examination revealed a dome shaped calvarium and persistent bregmatic fontanelle. Neurological examination revealed proprioceptive ataxia, pelvic limb paraparesis and strabismus with moderate ventriculomegaly, thinning of the cerebral parenchyma, and widened cerebral sulci on magnetic resonance imaging. Masses were identified in the region of the thyroid, which appeared heterogeneous and hyperintense in T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted compared with the adjacent muscle signal masses were identified. Radiological diagnosis was hydrocephalus “ex vacuo” and goiter. Blood test revealed abnormally low total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and normal thyrotropin concentration. A diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism was confirmed by positive genetic test for thyroid peroxidase mutation. Thyroxine supplementation treatment rapidly improved clinical signs.
The Hadley circulation in a changing climate
Authors: Lionello Piero , D'Agostino Roberta , Ferreira David , Nguyen Hanh , Singh Martin S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Hadley circulation (HC) is a global‐scale atmospheric feature with air descending in the subtropics and ascending in the tropics, which plays a fundamental role in Earth's climate because it transports energy polewards and moisture equatorwards. Theoretically, as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change, the HC is expected to expand polewards, while indications on the HC strength are equivocal, as weakening and strengthening are expected in response to different mechanisms. In fact, there is a general agreement among reanalyses and climate simulations that the HC has significantly widened in the last four decades and it will continue widening in the future, but there is no consensus on past and future changes of the HC strength. Substantial uncertainties are produced by the effects of natural variability, structural deficiencies in climate models and reanalyses, and the influence of other forcing factors, such as anthropogenic aerosols, black carbon, and stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. The global HC can be decomposed into three regional HCs, associated with ascending motion above Equatorial Africa, the Maritime Continent, and Equatorial America, which have evolved differently during the last decades. Climate projections suggest a generalized expansion in the Southern Hemisphere, but a complex regional expansion/contraction pattern in the Northern Hemisphere.
Survival costs and benefits of reproduction: A register‐based study in 20th century Estonia
Authors: Meitern Richard , Hõrak Peeter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatterns of individual variation in lifespan and senescence depend on the associations between parental survival and reproductive rates. We studied the associations between parity and survival among 579,271 Estonians born between 1905 and 1945 and in a cohort with a completed lifespan born in 1905−1927. For this cohort, selection for increased lifespan operated on both sexes, but it was stronger in men than in women. However, the median lifespan increased between the subsequent cohorts in women but stagnated in men. Selection for longer lifespan was caused by the below‐average lifespan of individuals with no or single offspring. Despite a general positive selection for lifespan, survival costs of reproduction were also detected among a relatively small proportion of individuals with high parities, as mothers of two and fathers of two and three children had the highest median lifespans. Fathers of more than six children had better survival than fathers of few children in their reproductive age, but this association reversed after age 70. The reversal of this association between survival and parity at old age indicates that relative mortality risks between those with lower versus higher parities change across ages, as predicted by the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging.
Pycnodysostosis: Characteristics of teeth, mouth and jaws
Authors: Ferlias Nikolaos , Gjørup Hans , Doherty Mia Aagaard , Pedersen Thomas Klit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the clinical and radiographic oro‐dental characteristics of patients with pycnodysostosis (PDO).Materials & MethodsA short interview and clinical examination of seven patients with PDO were performed as well as assessment of the temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles using the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders, DC‐TMD form. A full set of records were taken including photos and intraoral scan. Finally, existing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and radiographs were also studied.ResultsAll patients presented with bimaxillary micrognathia, five had a convex profile, and two had a straight profile. In addition, posterior open bite, Angle Class III molar relation with accompanying anterior crossbite and a grooved median palate were common findings. No patient showed symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) apart from some clicking. Finally, the main radiographic findings were the obtuse mandibular angle, the frontal bossing, the elongation of the coronoid/condylar process and the presence of hypercementosis with obliterated pulp chambers.ConclusionThe examined patients with PDO were characterized by dental crowding, malocclusion (anterior crossbite, posterior open bite), hypercementosis, obliterated pulp chambers and deviations in mandibular morphology. In conclusion, patients with PDO have a specific need for dental and orthodontic monitoring with focus on crowding and posterior open bite. The patients will benefit from a long‐term orthodontic plan including extractions.
A survey assessment of combined pediatric dermatology–rheumatology clinics
Authors: Cherepakhin Olga S. , Ringold Sarah , Ronis Tova , Kirkorian A. Yasmine , Brandling‐Bennett Heather 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe expertise of both dermatology and rheumatology may be beneficial when managing autoimmune conditions with cutaneous and systemic manifestations in children. This survey study was directed to pediatric dermatologists who participate in combined pediatric dermatology–rheumatology clinics; 13 sites in North America responded. The results provide information regarding clinic operations, benefits, and barriers to establishment. These findings have the potential to help institutions establish or modify combined pediatric dermatology–rheumatology clinics, although further research is needed to determine their impact.
Genome‐wide mapping in an international isolate collection identifies a transcontinental erg11/CYP51 promoter insertion associated with fungicide resistance in Leptosphaeria maculans
Authors: Scanlan Jack L. , Idnurm Alexander , Van de Wouw Angela P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFungicide resistance is often conferred through the mutation of genes encoding fungicide targets or proteins that remove fungicides from cells, but mechanisms can vary widely between taxa. Discovering the specific resistance alleles present in pathogen populations is essential for monitoring the evolution and movement of resistant genotypes. In this study, we explored the genomic basis of demethylase inhibitor (DMI) resistance in Leptosphaeria maculans, the main pathogen of the canola crop Brassica napus. Using an international collection of over 200 genome‐sequenced isolates, we assayed in vitro sensitivity to the DMI tebuconazole and conducted a genome‐wide association study on a variant set including single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small indels and structural variants. The main resistance allele identified was a 237 bp remnant transposable element insertion in the promoter of the erg11/CYP51 DMI target gene in a large proportion of isolates from Europe, an allele known to confer DMI resistance in Australia. Several associated loci were identified, none of which are commonly linked to DMI resistance in other phytopathogens. We also found little to no relationship between DMI tolerance and baseline growth rate, suggesting minimal fitness effects of fungicide resistance in these isolates. This study indicates common DMI resistance alleles in L. maculans are shared across continents and erg11/CYP51 coding mutations, which are near‐ubiquitous in other fungal pathogens, may not underpin DMI resistance in this species. Furthermore, that resistance occurs frequently in numerous canola‐growing regions suggests management is essential for growers.