bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation‐induced posttranscriptional control of M6P/IGF2r expression in breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Iwamoto Keisuke S. , Barber Chad L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mannose 6‐phosphate/insulin‐like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2r), a member of the IGF axis of growth factors, is a negative regulator of cell growth and a putative tumor suppressor gene. Regulation of M6P/IGF2r levels is critical in breast physiology; low expression is associated with various aspects of breast cancer. We have found that ionizing radiation induces the rapid expression of M6P/IGF2r in a dose‐dependent manner in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. We show that this increase is mediated, at least in part, by a stabilization of M6P/IGF2r transcripts by radiation in both ER positive (MCF7 and T47D) and ER negative (MDA‐MB‐231) breast cancer cell lines. It is probable, therefore, that posttranscriptional dysregulation of M6P/IGF2r is a contributing mechanism in breast cancer development and breast cancer response to therapy. This is a novel find that underscores the importance of posttranscriptional control of radiation‐induced gene expression—a phenomenon that has often been paradigmatically attributed to transcriptional control. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aesthetic reconstruction of thumb or finger partial defect with trimmed toe‐flap transfer
Authors: Cheng Guoliang , Fang Guangrong , Hou Shujian , Pan Dade , Yuan Guanghai , Wang Zhenjun , Zhang Yunfei , Ding Xiaoheng , Tang Haiping , Yang Zhixian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new concept of esthetic reconstruction for partial loss of distal finger segment was introduced. In a series of 77 patients, 80 thumb or finger partial defects of lateral, dorsal, or volar half, or composite tissue defect of the finger body were reconstructed with lateral skin‐nail flap, dorsal skin‐nail flap, pulp flap, or composite tissue transplant taken from corresponding part of the toes. The blood circulations were reestablished by anastomosing digit arteries of the toe transplants and fingers. Seventy‐eight fingers in 75 patients of this series were successfully reconstructed. The overall survival rate was 97.5%. Follow‐up examinations made half to 12 years postoperatively showed normal length, outward appearance, and function of the reconstructed digits. Their nails are preserved or reconstructed. The pulps are full. Sweating is present. 2‐PD was 4−6 mm. Esthetic reconstruction can achieve the goal of mending any part of tissue loss precisely with good result. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Free functional muscle transfer failure and thrombophilic gene mutations as a potential risk factor: A case report
Authors: Vekris Marios D. , Ovrenovits Maria , Dova Lefkothea , Beris Alexandros E. , Soucacos Panayiotis N. , Kolaitis Nikolaos , Vartholomatos George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe evolution of microsurgery popularized the free functioning muscle transfers as secondary procedures to reanimate paralyzed extremities after severance of the brachial plexus, especially when the surgeon deals with late cases. Studies considering transplantation, describe thrombophilic factors as a cause of severe complications after transplantation, such as acute or early rejection episodes, delayed graft function, or chronic graft dysfunction. It is the first time that thrombophilia associated with free muscle‐graft rejection is reported. A young man who had two free functional muscle transfers for brachial plexus reconstruction in the same forearm within an interval of 6 months. The free functional muscle transfer was failed in both cases because of vein thrombosis and subsequent arterial clot. The possibility of thrombophilia was investigated and during the genetic investigation it was discovered that he was heterozygous for the mutations of factor V, G1691A‐Leiden, A4070G and homozygous for the MTHFR C677T mutation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Ankle position and voluntary contraction alter maximal M waves in soleus and tibialis anterior
Authors: Frigon Alain , Carroll Timothy J. , Jones Kelvin E. , Zehr E. Paul , Collins David F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCompound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) recorded using surface electrodes are often used to assess the excitability of neural pathways to skeletal muscle. However, the amplitude of CMAPs can be influenced by changes at the recording site, independent of mechanisms within the central nervous system. We quantified how joint angle and background contraction influenced CMAP amplitude. In seven subjects CMAPs evoked by supramaximal transcutaneous electrical stimulation of motor axons (Mmax) were recorded using surface electrodes from soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) at static positions over the full range of ankle movement at 5° intervals. Across subjects the peak‐to‐peak amplitude of Mmax was 155% and 159% larger at the shortest than longest muscle lengths for soleus and TA, respectively. In five subjects the effect of ankle position and voluntary contraction on M‐wave/H‐reflex recruitment curves was assessed in the soleus. Both ankle position and level of contraction significantly influenced Mmax, Hmax, and the Hmax to Mmax ratio, but there were no interactions between the two parameters. These peripheral changes that influence Mmax will also impact other CMAPs such as submaximal M‐waves, H‐reflexes, and responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation. As such, during experimental studies CMAPs evoked at a given joint angle and contraction level should be normalized to Mmax recorded at similar joint angle and contraction strength. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Sufficient conditions for graphs to be λ′‐optimal and super‐λ′
Authors: Shang Li , Zhang Heping 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn edge‐cut S of a connected graph G is called a restricted edge‐cut if G‐S contains no isolated vertices. The minimum cardinality of all restricted edge‐cuts is called the restricted edge‐connectivity λ′(G) of G. A graph G is said to be λ′‐optimal if λ′(G) = ξ(G), where ξ(G) is the minimum edge‐degree of G. A graph is said to be super‐λ′ if every minimum restricted edge‐cut isolates an edge. In this paper, first, we improve and generalize the sufficient conditions for λ′‐optimality in arbitrary graphs, bipartite graphs, and graphs with diameter 2, which were given by Hellwig and Volkmann, and show using examples that our results are best possible. Second, we provide a simple proof with less restrictive conditions than in Hellwig and Volkmann's theorem that gives sufficient conditions for λ′‐optimality in bipartite graphs. We conclude by presenting sufficient conditions for arbitrary, bipartite, and triangle‐free graphs, and for graphs with diameter 2, to be super‐λ′ respectively, and demonstrate that these conditions are best possible. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 49(3), 234–242 2007
A multiscale projection method for macro/microcrack simulations
Authors: Loehnert Stefan , Belytschko Ted 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present a new multiscale method for crack simulations. This approach is based on a two‐scale decomposition of the displacements and a projection to the coarse scale by using coarse scale test functions. The extended finite element method (XFEM) is used to take into account macrocracks as well as microcracks accurately. The transition of the field variables between the different scales and the role of the microfield in the coarse scale formulation are emphasized. The method is designed so that the fine scale computation can be done independently of the coarse scale computation, which is very efficient and ideal for parallelization. Several examples involving microcracks and macrocracks are given. It is shown that the effect of crack shielding and amplification for crack growth analyses can be captured efficiently. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The radial basis functions method for identifying an unknown parameter in a parabolic equation with overspecified data
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Tatari Mehdi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractParabolic partial differential equations with overspecified data play a crucial role in applied mathematics and engineering, as they appear in various engineering models. In this work, the radial basis functions method is used for finding an unknown parameter p(t) in the inverse linear parabolic partial differential equation ut = uxx + p(t)u + φ, in [0,1] × (0,T], where u is unknown while the initial condition and boundary conditions are given. Also an additional condition ∫01k(x)u(x,t)dx = E(t), 0 ≤ t ≤ T, for known functions E(t), k(x), is given as the integral overspecification over the spatial domain. The main approach is using the radial basis functions method. In this technique the exact solution is found without any mesh generation on the domain of the problem. We also discuss on the case that the overspecified condition is in the form ∫0s(t) u(x,t)dx = E(t), 0 < t ≤ T, 0 < s(t) < 1, where s and E are known functions. Some illustrative examples are presented to show efficiency of the proposed method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Double Sobolev gradient preconditioning for nonlinear elliptic problems
Authors: Axelsson O. , Karátson J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA mixed variable formulation of a second‐order nonlinear diffusion problem leads to a finite element matrix in a product form. This form enables the efficient updating of the nonlinearity in a Picard type iteration method, in which the preconditioner involves twice a discrete Laplacian. The article gives a conditioning analysis of this method, based on analytic investigations in the corresponding Sobolev function space that reveal the behaviour of this preconditioning. The further generalization of the preconditioner can produce arbitrarily low condition numbers by proper subdivisions of Ω, while still no differentiability of the nonlinear diffusion coefficient is required. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
The upwind finite difference fractional steps method for nonlinear coupled systems
Authors: Yuan Yirang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor nonlinear coupled system of multilayer dynamics of fluids in porous media, a second‐order upwind finite‐difference fractional‐steps scheme applicable to parallel arithmetic are put forward, and two‐ and three‐dimensional schemes are used to form a complete set. Some techniques, such as calculus of variations, multiplicative commutation rule of difference operators, decomposition of high‐order difference operators, and prior estimates are adopted. Optimal order estimates in l2 norm are derived to determine the error in the approximate solution. This method has already been applied to the numerical simulation of migration‐accumulation of oil resources. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
The use of cubic B‐spline scaling functions for solving the one‐dimensional hyperbolic equation with a nonlocal conservation condition
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Lakestani Mehrdad 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProblems for parabolic partial differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions have been studied in many articles, but boundary value problems for hyperbolic partial differential equations have so far remained nearly uninvestigated. In this article a numerical technique is presented for the solution of a nonclassical problem for the one‐dimensional wave equation. This method uses the cubic B‐spline scaling functions. Some numerical results are reported to support our study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Exact integration formulas for the finite volume element method on simplicial meshes
Authors: Voitovich T.V. , Vandewalle S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article considers the technological aspects of the finite volume element method for the numerical solution of partial differential equations on simplicial grids in two and three dimensions. We derive new classes of integration formulas for the exact integration of generic monomials of barycentric coordinates over different types of fundamental shapes corresponding to a barycentric dual mesh. These integration formulas constitute an essential component for the development of high‐order accurate finite volume element schemes. Numerical examples are presented that illustrate the validity of the technology. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
An almost L‐stable BDF‐type method for the numerical solution of stiff ODEs arising from the method of lines
Authors: Ramos Higinio , Vigo‐Aguiar Jesús 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new BDF‐type scheme is proposed for the numerical integration of the system of ordinary differential equations that arises in the Method of Lines solution of time‐dependent partial differential equations. This system is usually stiff, so it is desirable for the numerical method to solve it to have good properties concerning stability. The method proposed in this article is almost L‐stable and of algebraic order three. Numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the new method on different stiff systems of ODEs after discretizing in the space variable some PDE problems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
A mixed finite volume method for elliptic problems
Authors: Mishev Ilya D. , Chen Qian‐Yong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe derive a novel finite volume method for the elliptic equation, using the framework of mixed finite element methods to discretize the pressure and velocities on two different grids (covolumes), triangular (tetrahedral) mesh and control volume mesh. The new discretization is defined for tensor diffusion coefficient and well suited for heterogeneous media. When the control volumes are created by connecting the center of gravity of each triangle to the midpoints of its edges, we show that the discretization is stable and first order accurate for both scalar and vector unknowns. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
A Cartesian‐grid collocation method based on radial‐basis‐function networks for solving PDEs in irregular domains
Authors: Mai‐Duy N. , Tran‐Cong T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper reports a new Cartesian‐grid collocation method based on radial‐basis‐function networks (RBFNs) for numerically solving elliptic partial differential equations in irregular domains. The domain of interest is embedded in a Cartesian grid, and the governing equation is discretized by using a collocation approach. The new features here are (a) one‐dimensional integrated RBFNs are employed to represent the variable along each line of the grid, resulting in a significant improvement of computational efficiency, (b) the present method does not require complicated interpolation techniques for the treatment of Dirichlet boundary conditions in order to achieve a high level of accuracy, and (c) normal derivative boundary conditions are imposed by means of integration constants. The method is verified through the solution of second‐ and fourth‐order PDEs; accurate results and fast convergence rates are obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
The Decomposition of some RDX and HMX Based Materials in the One Dimensional Time to Explosion Apparatus. Part 2. Estimating the Violence of the Cook‐Off Event
Authors: Williams Michael Robert , Matei Mariana Violetta 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVarious methods of assessment have been applied to the One Dimensional Time to Explosion (ODTX) apparatus and experiments with the aim of allowing an estimate of the comparative violence of the explosion event to be made. Non‐mechanical methods used were a simple visual inspection, measuring the increase in the void volume of the anvils following an explosion and measuring the velocity of the sound produced by the explosion over 1 metre. Mechanical methods used included monitoring piezo‐electric devices inserted in the frame of the machine and measuring the rotational velocity of a rotating bar placed on the top of the anvils after it had been displaced by the shock wave. This last method, which resembles original Hopkinson Bar experiments, seemed the easiest to apply and analyse, giving relative rankings of violence and the possibility of the calculation of a “detonation” pressure.
Synthesis, Thermal Decomposition and Sensitivity Study of CsDNBF
Authors: Wang Shaozong , Zhang Tonglai , Yang Li , Zhang Jianguo , Sun Yuanhua 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCsDNBF (cesium 7‐hydroxy‐4,6‐dinitro‐5,7‐dihydrobenzofuroxanide) was synthesized from the sodium salt of DNBF and cesium nitrate. The thermal decomposition process has been investigated and the results show that the solid residues at 240 °C are RCOOCs, CsNCO, RNO2 and CsNO3. The sensitivity results demonstrate that CsDNBF has better properties than KDNBF, which has been widely used.
The Use of Trifluoroacetyl as an N‐ and O‐Protecting Group during the Synthesis of Energetic Compounds containing Nitramine and/or Nitrate Ester Groups
Authors: Bellamy Anthony J. , MacCuish Alistair , Golding Peter , Mahon Mary F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractN‐ and O‐Trifluoroacetylation has been used to protect secondary amine groups and hydroxyl groups respectively under nitrolysis/nitration conditions. The trifluoroacetyl protecting group may be readily removed from the nitrated products by solvolysis under mild conditions. The energetic molecules that have been produced by this methodology include 2,6,8,12‐tetranitro‐ and 2,4,6,8,12‐pentanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane, 2‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐dinitratopropane [2,2‐bis(nitratomethyl)‐propan‐1‐ol] and N‐nitroazetidin‐3‐ol.
Ways to Create Fuels for Stoichiometric Gas‐Generating CHNO‐Compositions with Low Ammonium Nitrate Fraction
Authors: Zyuzin Igor N. , Lempert David B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe investigation is aimed to study the possibility of the creation of new CHNO‐fuels for smokeless stoichiometric gas‐generating compositions for airbag inflators. New fuels must have a rather high content of oxygen (to decrease the ammonium nitrate content) as well as a moderate enthalpy of formation in order to prevent an increase of the combustion temperature and of the amount of toxic gases (CO and nitrogen oxides) in the combustion products. Ways to create such new fuels are examined, mainly by introducing low‐enthalpy oxygen containing groups together with oxidizing groups (such as NO2, ONO2, NNO2) into molecules. For several hypothetic substances, the enthalpy of formation has been calculated, thermal stability has been qualitatively estimated, combustion temperatures of stoichiometric compositions have been calculated, and possible ways of their synthesis have been considered.
A Dynamic Calibration Method for Crusher Gauges Based on Material Testing
Authors: Nyberg Heli , Kuokkala Veli‐Tapani , Rämö Jari , Järviniemi Aulis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a new dynamic calibration method for crusher pressure gauges used in artillery test firings. The calibration method is based on the measurement of the plastic deformation behavior of the crusher elements in the laboratory completely isolated from test firings and measurements by reference pressure transducers. The validity of the calibration model developed is verified by comparison with the pressure records measured in artillery test firings. It was found that the calibration method developed is also suitable for the high load levels and strain rates present in tank firings.
On the Unreacted Hugoniots of Three Plastic Bonded Explosives
Authors: Milne Alec , Longbottom Aaron , Bourne Neil , Millett Jeremy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is a continuing interest in determining the detonation characteristics of loaded plastic‐bonded explosives (PBXs). Within the UK, the relevant government agencies wish to better understand the response of insensitive high explosives. This has required more detailed investigation of the transit of reaction from the unreacted state to products. The starting condition for shock to detonation transition (SDT), before application of a kinetic scheme to describe reaction, is thus the unreacted Hugoniot for the material. In this work, three PBXs, manufactured by BAE Land Systems, are investigated and modelled. All contain RDX in differing quantities in an HTPB binder. One of them contains aluminium. Two of the materials have the same weight percentage of filler and binder but differ in the grain size distribution entrained. The experimental Hugoniots are presented, and a composite equation of state is derived using an engineering model, and a model based on continuum mixture theory. Both are shown to describe the measurements well. Further applications of the technique are described and future uses are outlined.
Fragment Velocities from Thermobaric Explosives in Metal Cylinders
Authors: Jaansalu Kevin M. , Dunning Michael R. , Andrews William S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThermobaric explosives (TBXs) have been primarily used for their blast, rather than for their fragmentation, characteristics. This work reports on an investigation, using a flash X‐ray imaging technique, of the ability of TBXs to shatter metal casings and to propel the resulting fragments. Three casing materials were used, AISI 1026 steel, ductile iron, and grey cast iron, while two different TBX compositions were used, with C4 serving as a benchmark. The fracture behavior of the casings, as a function of explosive fill and material characteristics, was as expected. One TBX formulation exhibited a run distance to detonation. The Gurney equation was used to correlate and compare the final fragment velocities. It was found that a larger fraction of the explosive energy was available to propel fragments in these two TBX compositions than a comparable amount of C4. This fraction of energy was influenced by the confinement of the detonation products and the ignition delay of the metal powders. These two factors had a greater influence on the fragment velocities than did material characteristics.
Low‐throughput model design of protein folding inhibitors
Authors: Broglia R.A. , Tiana G. , Sutto L. , Provasi D. , Perelli V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe stabilization energy of proteins in their native conformation is not distributed uniformly among all the amino acids, but is concentrated in few (short) fragments, fragments which play a key role in the folding process and in the stability of the protein. Peptides displaying the same sequence as these key fragments can compete with the formation of the most important native contacts, destabilizing the protein and thus inhibiting its biological activity. We present an essentially automatic method to individuate such peptidic inhibitors based on a low‐throughput screening of the fragments which build the target protein. The efficiency and generality of the method is tested on proteins Src‐SH3, G, CI2, and HIV‐1‐PR with the help of a simplified computational model. In each of the cases studied, we find few peptides displaying strong inhibitory properties, properties which are quite robust with respect to point mutations. The possibility of implementing the method through low‐throughput experimental screening of the target protein is discussed. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telephone calls reduce mortality
Authors: Schedlbauer Angela 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDo most of our patients take their medication the way we want them to? The answer is most likely no. After three decades of adherence research we are aware of the scope of the problem, but understand little of its causes and lack reliable methods to improve medicine‐taking by patients.A recent trial published in the BMJ and reviewed in this issue (see pages 16‐17) is a valuable addition to current adherence research showing that telephone counselling by a pharmacist was able to reduce death rates by 41 per cent. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd