bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Streak Virus in Dahlias
Authors: Brunt A. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTobacco streak (TSV), a virus hitherto unrecorded in Britain, was isolated from five of 73 cultivars in three of six stocks of dahlias tested. Three cultivars infected with TSV alone were symptomless, and 12 dahlia seedlings (‘Ideal Bedder’) infected by mechanical inoculation produced only inconspicuous leaf symptoms within six months.TSV is unstable in vitro but was isolated from dahlias without difficulty when inocula were prepared with cold phosphate buffer containing either thioglycolhc acid or sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. The virus was readily distinguished from cucumber mosaic, dahlia mosaic and tomato spotted wilt viruses by the symptoms it induced in Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. murale, C. quinoa and Nicotiana tabacum.Partially purified virus preparations reacted in serological gel‐diffusion tests with an antiserum to a North American isolate of TSV but not with antisera to 23 isometric viruses commonly occurring in Britain. Like those of other well‐characterised isolates, purified preparation of TSV from dahlias were infective, contained numerous ‘spherical’ particles c. 30mû in diameter, contained two components with sedimentation coefficients of 85 and 98 S and produced two zones when centrifuged in sucrose density‐gradient columns.
Cereal Cyst Eelworm in Spring Barley Damage Assessment Experiments 1963–4
Authors:   Conference of Advisory Entomologists,   National Agricultural Advisory Service, Stone L. E. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn small plots marked out in barley fields in 1963–4, the relationships between initial cereal cyst eelworm populations, plant performance, and final eelworm populations were investigated. Fifteen experiments were carried out over the two years, but in only two of them was there a significant decline in yield associated with initial eelworm density in the soil. Possible reasons for this are discussed.
An Apparatus for Separating Round Cysts of the Genus Heterodera, from Dry Float Debris
Authors: Brodie J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYCysts of the potato cyst nematode, Heterodera rostochiensis, were separated from dry float debris by rolling the mixture down the inside of a specially constructed revolving metal cylinder. From 4⋅2 g of dry float, 85 per cent of the cysts, containing 91 per cent of the larvae, were recovered free from debris.
Preliminary Studies on the Use of New Seed Treatments for the Control of Loose Smut of Barley
Authors: Maude R. B. , Shuring C. G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn a semi‐commercial field trial, the soaking of barley seeds infected with Ustilago nuda in a 0⋅2 per cent suspension of thiram for 24 hours at 30°C reduced the number of infected plants from 244 (0⋅95 per cent) to 2⋅25 (0⋅009 per cent) per plot. Hot‐water treatment (2 hr at 42⋅7°) was less effective. In a second, smaller, trial soaks in thiram and “Vitavax” gave 100 per cent control and seed treatment with a 10 per cent “Vitavax” dust reduced infection from 3⋅44 per cent to 0⋅14 per cent.
Protection of Sugar Beet Stecklings against Aphids and Viruses by Cover Crops and Aluminium Foil
Authors: Heathcote G. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYStecklings were grown without cover, between rows of mustard or barley, or with strips of aluminium foil between the rows. Stecklings in open beds, with or without foil, were larger than those beneath cover crops. In 1966, Stecklings in plots with mustard cover were the most heavily infested with Myzus persicae, but in 1967 most M. persicae were on Stecklings in the open beds. Aphis fabae were always most abundant in the open beds, and there were few on Stecklings under cover crops. Very few plants beneath cover crops contracted virus yellows. The metal strips also decreased yellows incidence, but much less so than the cover crops, and less than they affected aphid infestation.
A Soil‐borne Virus of Winter Oats
Authors: Macfarlane I. , Jenkins J. E. E. , Melville S. C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA mosaic of winter oats in Devon was caused by a virus that is soil‐borne, transmissible by sap inoculation and has long particles (ca. 700 ± 12 nm.). These particles, which were found only in sap from the chlorotic lesions, suggest oat‐mosaic virus, previously unrecorded in Great Britain.
Chemical Control of Raspberry Ringspot and Tomato Black Ring Viruses in Strawberry
Authors: Taylor C. E. , Murant A. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTreatment of soil in October 1963 with 60 1b (a.i.)/acre (67⋅3 kg/ha) quintozene or 400 1b acre (448⋅4 kg/ha) D‐D killed more than 95 per cent of the Longidorus elongatus present and largely prevented transmission of raspberry ringspot and tomato black ring viruses to ‘Red‐gauntlet’ strawberry planted in April 1964. The herbicide chloroxuron at 5 1b (a.i)/acre (5⋅6 kg/ha) did not affect L. elongatus numbers but delayed infection of the strawberry plants by controlling weed sources of virus. Quintozene and D‐D increased fruit yields four to six‐fold in 1965 and nine to twelve‐fold in 1966; chloroxuron caused only small increases. Quintozene persisted in the soil for several years but was not detected in strawberry fruit. In an experiment on virus‐free soil, quintozene had no effect on ‘Talisman’ strawberry or ‘Mailing Jewel’ raspberry, but adversely affected growth of ‘Lloyd George’ raspberry and sugar beet. L. elongatus migrated slowly through soil and congregated in the root zone of strawberry plants. Populations in untreated plots increased about two‐fold per year. Eggs were laid from April to July.
Dieldrin Resistant Carrot Fly in England
Authors: Gostick K. G. , Baker Patricia M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDieldrin, aldrin and gamma‐BHC were applied topically, in microdrops of Cellosolve, to adult carrot fly Psila rosae (F.) from an apparently susceptible strain and two suspected resistant strains. Flies resistant to all three chemicals were found in eastern England in the period 1966–67.
Club Root in Brassica A Standard Inoculation Technique and the Specification of Races
Authors: Johnston T. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA simple and reliable technique for artificial inoculation of Brassica seedlings with Plasmodiophora brassicae is described. The technique is suitable for use in race surveys of the disease and in studies on the genetics of host resistance.A system of nomenclature of races, based on the use of B. napus differential genotypes of known genetic constitution, is outlined and results of pathogenicity tests with three races are presented.
Resistance of the Red Beet Cultivar Avonearly to Infection by Peronospora farinosa f.sp. betae
Authors: Channon A. G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn glasshouse and field experiments, Avonearly red beet at the seedling and young plant stage was more resistant to downy mildew than several other commercial cultivars. Similar resistance was observed in Avonearly stecklings overwintered in frames or in a cool store (maximum temperature 4·4°C)for subsequent seed production. This resulted in better survival, both during the winter and the following summer, than was shown by the mildew‐susceptible cv. Detroit Improved Globe.
Population Increases of Steneotarsonemm pallidus (Banks) following Spray applications of Dimethoate
Authors: Harris K. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYField experiments on chemical control of Steneotarsonemus pallidus on Michaelmas daisies (Aster novi‐belgii) at Wisley in 1967 and 1968 showed that massive increases in mite populations follow single spray appl.ications of dimethoate. Published reports of similar effects on strawberries indicate that predators are adversely affected by some organophosphorus pesticides. Predators were present on Michaelmas daisies at Wisley and may have been affected by dimethoate but there may also be some biochemical or other effect on the host plant that increases mite fecunditv.
The Economics of Mass Rearing Encarsia formosa, a Parasite of the Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, for use in Commercial Horticulture
Authors: Scopes N. E. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA rearing system capable of producing up to half a million parasites a week is described. The production costs for controlling whitefly on cucumbers in the United Kingdom are estimated.
The Effect of Septoria Diseases on the Yield of Winter Wheat
Authors: Jenkins J. E. E. , Morgan Wyndham 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA partial control of Septoria diseases was obtained with frequent appl.ications of tank‐mix zineb. In the control Pl.ots traces of glume blotch (S. nodorwn) and a moderate attack of leaf disease (mainly S. tritici) occurred, but the full spray programme increased yields by about 35 per cent. The disease did not develop until after ear emergence and the increased yields were due to an increase in grain weight. When only two sprays were applied, after ear emergence, the yield increase was about 10 per cent.
Studies on a ‘Strap‐Leaf’ Disease of Celery caused by Strawberry Latent Ringspot Virus
Authors: Walkey D. G. A. , Mitchell J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYStrawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRV), arabis mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and an unidentified filamentous rod–shaped virus were isolated from cv. Lathom Blanching celery Plants showing symptoms of ‘strap‐leaf’. Only SLRV induced the disorder when these viruses were sap–transmitted to healthy celery seedlings; the symptoms did not develop until the Plants were mature.The filamentous virus was sap‐ or aphid‐transmitted (in a non‐persistent manner) to only a few umbelliferous species and its particles were appro.ximately 770 nm long.
The Effects of Simulated Slug Damage on the Yield of Winter Wheat
Authors: Jessop H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWinter wheat Plants were removed by hand in December to simulate loss caused by different levels of slug attack.As a rule, the more severe the thinning, the greater the number of tillers, ears, and weight of grain produced per plant. The effect of plant loss on grain yield varied, but in three cases out of five where attempts were made to remove 75 per cent of the Plants (between 56 and 72 per cent achieved), there was no significant difference in grain yield compared with the control Pl.ots. This level of thinning gave on average a stand of five Plants per ft of row (16–4 per m).
Potato Verticilium Wilt in the East Midlands in 1967
Authors: Rosser W. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSeed from potato crops in which verticillium wilt was widespread in 1967, when planted in 1968 produced only 7 per cent visibly infected plants although there was some indication that the percentage of symptomless infected plants might have been as high as 30 per cent. The pathogen in these observations was always Verticillium dahliae, and there is a need for further work on the provision of disease‐free stock and the interaction of this pathogen with pest and husbandry aspects of potato growing.
Assessment of Spraing caused by Tobacco Rattle Virus in Potato Tubers
Authors: Alonso Annette B. , Preece T. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAn assessment method for spraing symptoms, caused by tobacco rattle virus in potato, tubers is described and illustrated. For the assessment of spraing, two figures are useful: the percentage of tubers affected and the proportion of quarter tubers affected in affected tubers. To determine this the tubers are quartered by cutting once longitudinally and once transversely. Any quarter not showing symptoms is then cut into small pieces to ensure that it is free from symptoms.
Decoy‐crop Trapping of House Sparrows
Authors: Norris J. D. , Whitehouse R. N. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYControl of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) on experimental plots of ripening cereals justifies more expensive techniques than on commercially grown cereals. Sowing of decoy crops of very early to very late ripening cultivars and enclosing these in a cage of netting designed to trap sparrows offers a promising method of minimizing damage.
Effect of Plant Spacing and Time of Sowing of Sugar Beet on Aphid Infestation and Spread of Virus Yellows
Authors: Heathcote G. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAphid infestation and incidence of plants with virus yellows in sugar‐beet crops at Broom's Barn Experimental Station from 1964 to 1968 differed greatly with changes in densities of stand ranging from 8,000 to 68,000 plants per acre (0.4047 ha), and with changes in sowing date. The numbers of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) and of Aphis fabae Scop, infesting beet during June and July, the numbers of virus‐itifected plants per unit area, and the percentages of plants with yellows, usually decreased as the plant population increased but usually increased with delay in sowing from mid‐March to early May.
Contrasting Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Potato Tuber Blight
Authors: Herlihy M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYStatistically significant effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the incidence of potato tuber blight were detected. Quantitative data for three sites where the effect was significant were compared with results from combined analyses of 15 sites. Nitrogen increased the proportion of blighted tubers. Phosphorus had the opposite effect, the biggest differences occurring on sites with higher than average levels of infection.
Some Observations on the Effect of ‘Temik’ on the Potato Cyst Eelworm, Heterodera rostochiensis Woll.
Authors: Hague N. G. M. , Pain B. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTreating encysted larvae of the potato cyst eelworm (Heterodera rostochiensis Woll.) in pots with drenches of ‘Temik’ (2‐methyl‐2‐(methylthio) propionaldehyde‐O‐(methylcarbamoyl) oxime) had little effect on hatching, but there was a marked effect on the hatched larvae: they were either killed (at 5 p.p.m.) or prevented from entering roots (at 1 p.p.m.). Treatment at 1 p.p.m. (2 lb/acre (2.24 kg/ha)) nearly doubled the yield of potatoes.
Oat Sterile Dwarf Virus
Authors: Catherall P. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYOat sterile dwarf virus was found for the first time in Britain. It occurred in a crop of oats in which 15 per cent of the plants were infected. Infected plants were severely stunted, deep blue‐green in colour and produced a profusion of juvenile shoots with 2–3 much‐shortened mis‐shapen leaves. Panicle emergence was completely or almost completely suppressed. The virus was transmitted by the Delphacid, Javesella pellucida to wheat, oats, barley, meadow fescue and to Italian and perennial ryegrasses. Nearly 25 per cent of the J. pellucida population caught in the vicinity of the diseased oat crop were infective. A large proportion of non‐infective J. pellucida became infective within 2–4 weeks of feeding on infected plants.
A Survey of Brassica Cyst Eelworm in Bedfordshire
Authors: Winfield A. L. , Coppock L. J. , Whitlock A. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYBrassica cyst eelworm (Heterodera cruciferae Franklin) was found in 74 out of 99 fields in a random survey of 11 parishes in Bedfordshire. Population densities of up to 25 eggs/g of soil occurred in 70 fields, and denser populations in only four fields. Population densities were greater, and more fields were infested, on farms of less than 50 acres than on larger farms.
Mercury‐tolerant Pyrenophora avenae in Seed Oat SamPles from England and Wales
Authors: Dickens J. S. W. , Sharp M. K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMevcuvy‐toltxaiai Pyrenophora avenae was present in samPles examined from all parts of England and Wales. Tolerant isolates were obtained from 32 of 123 winter oat samPles and 31 of 33 spring oat samPles, and the level of infection was less than 10 per cent in most winter oat, but averaged 28 per cent in the spring oat, samPles.
The Effect of Potato Haulm Treatment on the Incidence of Potato Gangrene in Storage
Authors: Logan C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe incidence of potato gangrene in the progeny from diseased parent tubers after damage and storage at 4–6dGC was found to depend, to a large extent, on the haulm treatment carried out four weeks prior to harvest. There was a marked reduction in gangrene incidence in tubers from plots where the haulm was pulled out and removed instead of cut and removed or burnt off. This reduction is considered to result from a lowering of the level of fungal inoculum on the tuber surface rather than through a difference in tuber maturity. The incidence of gangrene was not reduced by mancozeb (Dithane 945) foliar sprays during the growing season nor was there any difference between the chemicals (sodium chlorate and sulphuric acid) used to burn off the haulms.
Gibberella zeae on Oats in Scotland, 1967–1969
Authors: Richardson M. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Gibberella zeae was reintroduced to Scotland in 1967 with new stocks of cvs. Astor and Condor oats. The pathogen has not become established in seed stocks or soil, but several points of interest concerning the development and survival of the pathogen, the oestrogenic properties of infected seed, and the effects of seed treatment are noted.
The Possible Control of Steneotarsonemus pallidus on Strawberries by Phytoseiulus persimilis
Authors: Simmonds S. P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDuring observational trials on the control of the red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, on strawberries by the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis in south‐west England in 1967–69 it was noticed that the strawberry mite, Steneotarsonemus pallidus, when present at the time of introduction of the predator, did not build up sufficiently to cause damage. It did, however, build up when the predator was not used. It is suggested that the predator could be used to control both red spider mite and strawberry mite on strawberries in the field in this part of England.
Nitrogen Nutrition and Susceptibility of Mailing Jewel Raspberries to Infection by Spur Blight (Didymella applanata)
Authors: Goode J. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSpur blight (Didymella applanata) spread rapidly and recurred annually in cv. Mailing Jewel raspberries that received inorganic nitrogen fertilizer but the disease was less severe and spread relatively slowly in the absence of applied nitrogen. Infection reduced cropping by 20 to 30 per cent.
Infestation of Wheat Plants by the Larvae of Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.) in an Insectary
Authors: Jones Margaret G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWhen wheat bulb fly eggs were placed in a row between two rows of wheat plants 18 cm apart in seed boxes in an outdoor insectary, more of the newly hatched larvae invaded plants as the distance to the nearer row diminished; whereas only 61 per cent succeeded when both rows were 9 cm away, 80 per cent did so when the nearer row was 2 cm away and 87 per cent when the eggs were placed between the plants in one row.Some wheat bulb fly eggs hatched as late as mid‐April.Only about a quarter of the undamaged larvae dissected out of shoots and replaced in the soil near unattacked plants survived.From 67 to 89 per cent of the eggs failed to become adults. The proportion that failed increased as competition for host plants increased.
Septoria Species on Cereals‐a Note to aid their Identification
Authors: Richardson M. J. , Noble Mary 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYShort notes and illustrations of spores of Septoria spp., together with some observations on their occurrence in Scotland, are given to help in their identification, and their distinction from other common fungi. Septoria avenae f.sp. triticea on wheat and barley, S. nodorum and Ascochyta hordei, or a closely related species, on barley are recorded as new in Britain.
The Persistence of Septoria apiicola on Diseased Celery Debris in Soil
Authors: Maude R. B. , Shuring Catriona G. 
Published: April 2007

summaryTests made on a mineral soil in two seasons showed that celery planted in June could be infected with Septoria blight from crop debris put into the soil nine months earlier but not from that incorporated 21 months earlier. Viable Septoria spores could be obtained from buried debris for as long as visible plant material persisted (seven months).
Stem Eelworm (Ditylenchus dipsaci), a Seed and Soil‐borne Pathogen of Field Beans (Vicia faba)
Authors: Hooper D. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYBoth the ‘oat race’ and ‘giant race’ of Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev infest field beans (Vicia faba L.) in Britain and the infested seed sometimes produced is an important means of spreading them. The large soil populations, especially of the ‘oat race’, that build up in beans from infested seed may damage subsequent crops of beans, peas, sugar beet and especially susceptible oats. Bean seed for sowing should be saved from uninfested fields only. Only oat cultivars resistant to D. dipsaci should be grown in crop rotations that include beans.
Further Observations on the Resistance of Chrysanthemum Cultivars to White Rust (Puccinia horiana Henn.)
Authors: Dickens J. S. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYInfection experiments on a number of cultivars of the florists' chrysanthemum, with white rust from a recent outbreak in south‐east England, indicate the existence of more than one physiologic race of this fungus.
Dieldrin‐resistant Onion Fly (Delia antiqua (Meig.)) in England
Authors: Gostick K. G. , Powell D. F. , Slough Christine 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDieldrin was applied topically, in microdrops of 2‐ethoxy‐ethanol, to adult onion flies from a laboratory‐bred susceptible strain and six field populations suspected of being resistant. Dieldrin resistance was confirmed in onion flies from Bedfordshire and Norfolk in 1969.
Comparison of a Copper and a Mercury Spray Programme Against Apple Canker (Nectria galligena Bres.)
Authors: Bennett Margery 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAn autumn and spring spray programme of copper (as a proprietary wettable Bordeaux) was compared with a similar programme with an organomercury (PMC) fungicide for the control of apple canker caused by Nectria galligena in three successive years. Inoculum was provided prior to the spray applications and no cankers were removed during the trial. Fewer cankers developed on the trees receiving mercury sprays than on those sprayed with copper in each of the three seasons 1968 to 1970. However, spore counts made from rain run‐off revealed a relatively higher inoculum on the mercury sprayed trees, which might constitute a hazard when the protective effect of the sprays ceased.
Observations on the Biology and Control of the Plum Fruit Moth
Authors: Vernon J. D. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYObservations on the biology of the plum fruit moth, Laspeyresia funebrana (Treits.), in an orchard near Cambridge, England in 1967 showed that only one main generation occurred, with a partial second generation in late summer. Eggs of the first generation were laid between 16 June and 8 August, with between one and nine eggs per fruit. Seventy‐five per cent of the eggs were laid on the basal half of the fruit. There was no evidence of egg parasitism, but Apanteles sp. was bred from one larva. Egg mortality was negligible, but larval mortality (on cv. Wyedale) was high (68 per cent), caused partly by the failure of first larvae to establish themselves in the fruit. Once established, competition between larvae resulted in further mortality. Three sprays of azinphos‐methyl gave 100 per cent control of larvae.