bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einfluß von Bewuchs auf die Mobilisierung von spezifisch gebundenem NH4+ im Boden*
Authors: Scherer H. W. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Influence of the plants on the mobilization of nonexchangeable NH4+ It is well established that significant changes in the content of nonexchangeable NH4+ take place during the growing season. However it is unknown whether the release of this N fraction is influenced by the N uptake of the plants. For this purpose the present experiments were conducted. Following results were obtained:During the period of the highest N demand of the plants a correlation is existing between the N uptake and the amount of NH4‐N released from the clay minerals.In experiments with 15N labelled soil, conducted under field conditions, 97 % of the nonexchangeable 15NH4‐N were released on the plot planted with oats and only 15 % on the plot without plants. From autumn till spring no significant change in the content of nonexchangeable NH4+ was determined.ZusammenfassungEs wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob die Mo‐bilisierung des spezifisch gebundenen NH4+ durch den N‐Entzug der Pflanzen beeinflußt wird.Folgende Ergebnisse wurden erzielt:Während des Zeitraumes des höchsten N‐Bedarfs der Pflanzen bestand eine Beziehung zwischen dem N‐Entzug und der Menge an freigesetztem spezifisch gebundenem NH4‐N. In einem unter Feldbedingungen durchge‐führten Versuch mit 15NH4‐N‐belegtem Bo‐den wurden unter Bewuchs 97 % und unter Brache nur 15 % des markierten spezifisch gebundenen NH4+ im Laufe der Vegetations‐periode mobilisiert.Während der vegetationslosen Zeit traten keine signifikanten Veränderungen im Gehalt an spezifisch gebundenem NH4+ auf.
Untersuchungen zur Assimilatverteilung in Ackerbohnen (Vicia faba L.) während der Blühphase
Authors: Haisch A. , Pommer G. , Forster S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInvestigations about the distribution of assimilates during flowering in broad beans (Vicia faba L.)The distribution of assimilates during flowering was studied on single plants exposed to 14CO2 in the field. The plants were harvested 1, 3, 15 days after exposition and at ripening. Results:1. At the begin of flowering the nodes with flowers assimilated much 14C with a tendency of higher contents in the more above situated nodes. The concentration of 14C was similar in blades, stalks and flowers.2. The assimilates incorporated after 24 hours were only to a small amount translocated afterwards. Only 3 % went to the apical region. An intensive restorement out of the blades took place at the time of ripening.3. In the midst of flowering the concentration of 14C was lower in the nodes with open flowers than in those with shut or with pods. At that time pods are already strong sinks that withdraw assimilates from blades and stalks.4. At the time when large and small pods are growing on the lower and middle nodes, the nodes in the apical region will be deprived of assimilates (effects of dominance).5. Roots and nodules had low but stable contents and concentrations of 14C during flowering. These descended distinctly at ripening.
Evaluation of Maize Germplasm for Tolerance to Low Temperature Stress under Field and Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Dhillon B. S. , Sharma R. K. , Malhotra V. V. , Khehra A. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSixty‐four inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for their tolerance to low temperature stress in three experiments at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. All the 64 inbred lines were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Forty‐four of these were also studied under field conditions. In the laboratory test the materials were exposed for four hours to 1, 0, −1, −2, −3 and −3.5°C on six successive nights. Significant genotypic differences were observed for freezing injury in laboratory test and for frost and non‐freezing (yellowing) injuries in field evaluation. Expression of frost injury under field condition and freezing injury in laboratory test at −2, −3 and −3.5 °C showed positive correlation in one experiment. The range and mean square for freezing injury of inbred lines were the largest either at −3 or at −3.5°C. The correlation of yellowing with frost injury in field and freezing injury in laboratory at −3 and 3.5°C was not significant suggesting the lack of association between yellowing and frost/freezing injury.
Effect of GA, CCC and B‐9 on Morphophysiological Characters and Yield of Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: El‐Fouly M. M. , Sakr R. , Fouad M. K. , Zaher A. M. , Fawzi A. F. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA pot and 2 successive seasons field experiments were conducted on bean, by spraying 25,50 or 100 ppm GA, 100, 250 or 500 ppm of either CCC or B‐9, one month after sowing. Results showed that:GA induced stem elongation and thinning through cell elongation and decrease of both of ground tissue cell‐size and vascular cylinder cell layers in the stem. On the other hand, CCC and B‐9 led to stem shortening and thickening, as a consequence of increased number of cell layers leading to widening the vascular cylinder of the stem.Leaf area was much more increased by CCC and B‐9 than by GA.GA increased amylase activity and had no effect on invertase, meanwhile CCC and B‐9 mostly decreased the former's and increased the latter's enzyme activity, 30 days after spraying.GA and CCC increased number of seeds/pod, while B‐9 had no effect on this character.CCC and B‐9 increased pod number/plant, specific seed weight, leading to increment of seed yield/plant, while GA had no effect on these characters.
Seedling Growth of Cowpea and Mungbean as Affected by Seed Size and Seeding Depth
Authors: Sangakkara U. R. , Bieler P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe germination and seedling growth patterns of different sized seeds of cowpea and mungbean when planted at different depths were evaluated by the modified Hiltner method. All seeds placed on the surface showed poor seedling growth, although small seeds were less susceptible than larger seeds. Seedling growth of small seeds declined rapidly beyond a planting depth of 4 cms, while the larger seeds showed similar results beyond a depth of 6 cms. The value in using uniform seed material and placing the seed at a uniform depth is presented.
Path Analysis of Important Growth Functions of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)
Authors: Ghosh R. K. , Chatterjee B. N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField experiment conducted at the Viswavidyalaya Farm during the winter seasons of 1980—81 to 1983—84 to study the effects of major six productive functions viz. number of inflorescence bearing primary branches, number of inflorescence bearing secondary branches, leaf area indices at flowering, number of seeds/siliqua, number of siliqua/m2 and test weight of grains on the grain yields of eight elite varieties of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss) when sown on three different times revealed that correlations between them were close and positive in all the varieties. Path analysis of the data, further, showed that except the inflorescence bearing primary branches and the seeds/siliqua all other attributes showed high direct influences on grain yield; the maximum direct influence was obtained from number of siliqua/m2.
Enzymes of Ammonia Assimilation and Transamination in Relation to Hybrid Vigour in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke)
Authors: Chanda S. V. , Joshi A. K. , Vaishnav P. P. , Singh Y. D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChanges in the activities of enzymes of ammonia assimilation viz., glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT), together with the activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were analysed in the topmost fully expanded leaf of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L. Leeke) hybrid BJ‐104, and its parents, J‐104 and 5141‐A, during the entire period of growth in field. Ammonia assimilation enzymes showed strong ontogenic trends and the hybrid attained activities either equal to the better (male) parent or showed better parental heterosis. In contrast to this both GOT and GPT activities were slightly higher than the poor (female) parent. The role of these enzymes in relation to chlorophyll synthesis and transport of metabolites from cellular compartments of C4 plants, are discussed. Surveying the literature on attempts to propose biochemical criteria for hybrid vigour, it is proposed that there cannot be a universal criterion, rather rate limiting steps in different cultivars should be searched.
N and P Fertilizer Use in Soybean/Maize Mixture
Authors: Pal U. R. , Kalu B. A. , Norman J. C. , Adedzwa D. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField experiments were conducted to investigate into the N and P fertilizer use in soybean/maize mixture during the wet seasons of 1985 and 1986 at Yandev Agricultural Experiment Station. Soybean/maize mixtures with 2/3 of the respective plant population of both crops in pure stands were raised at factorial combinations of four rates of N, 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N/ha and four rates of P, 0, 13.2, 26.4 and 39.6 kg P/ha in a randomized complete block design with three replications.The grain yield of maize cv. TZB (a pure line variety) in mixture and land equivalent ratio (LER) increased linearly up to 120 kg N/ha in 1985 as against significant increase in the grain yield of maize cv. 8322–3 (a hybrid variety) and LER up to 40 kg N/ha only in 1986 primarily due to greater fertilizer N recovery by the latter. Significant enhancement in LER was also recorded up to 26.4 kg P/ha in both years. The yield of soybean in mixture remained unaffected by N or P rates.Total N uptake by shoots of soybean/maize mixture was significantly and linearly increased up to the application of 120 kg N/ha in 1985 as against significant increase in total N uptake by soybean/maize mixture only up to 40 kg N/ha in 1986 owing to the greater fertilizer N recovery by maize (69%) in the latter than the one (29.75—31.75%) in the former. Total N uptake by shoots of soybean/maize was also increased significantly due to the application of 26.4 kg P/ha.Application of N and P also significantly enhanced P uptake by shoots of soybean/maize mixture and fertilizer P recovered by mixture was less (3.99—12.95%) in 1985 than the one (19.95—32.12%) in 1986.
Grain Yield of Intercropped Sorghum and Pearl Millet as Influenced by Sorghum Genotype and Cropping Pattern
Authors: Stützel H. , Vanderlip R. L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntercropping of sorghum and pearl millet with different growth cycles is used widely in third‐world countries to ensure and increase yields. However, it is questionable whether yield increases because of intercropping can be maintained under more developed systems, since temporal differences are necessary to allow mechanized planting and harvesting.Three sorghum hybrids with expected growth cycles from 90 to 110 days were planted in sole stands and in alternate rows and mixed within the rows with a pearl millet hybrid having a growth cycle similar to that of the early sorghum. Sole stands of millet also were included. The plots were planted at three locations in Kansas, two dryland and one including dryland and irrigated. Results show that yields were consistently highest in sole stands of sorghum, owing to the higher yield level of sorghum. No yield increase could be found on a land equivalent ratio basis, indicating no intercropping advantages. However, under good moisture conditions, a tendency toward yield increase was observed with the later maturing sorghums, which had 1–2 weeks of grain filling after the millet was mature. When moisture supply was insufficient, millet showed higher competitiveness for water than sorghum, and sorghum was adversely affected more than pearl millet was favored. It was concluded that moisture conditions have to be good and that temporal differences between sorghum and millet have to be greater than those used in this experiment to achieve intercropping yield advantages.
The Influence of Crop Rotation with an Increasing Content of Cereals on Photosynthetic Potential of Winter Wheat
Authors: Grzebisz W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn years 1982–1985 flag leaf area, concentration of chlorophyll and macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) and also their correlations to grain yield in static field experiment were studied. The main experimental plots comprised crop rotations containing 50, 75, 100% cereals. Treatments with or without irrigation were subplots and nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N/ha) were sub‐sub‐plots.The cultivation of winter wheat in rotations containing more than 50% cereals affected the drop of winter wheat grain yield, which was especially high on the plots without nitrogen fertilization or with low N level. The dose of 120 kg N/ha gave the highest grain yield in each rotation and, at the same time, decreased to minimum the differences between them, although wheat grown in the full cereal rotation yielded much less. The response of wheat grain yield to previous crop was affected by photosynthetic potential of a plant, which was constituated by flag leaf area and concentration of chlorophyll. The deteriorating nutrient economy in wheat plants grown in rotations containing more than 50% cereals decreased the photosynthetic potential of wheat. In addition, in these rotations the importance of macronutrients concentration in the flag leaf at anthesis as a source of nutrients for the developing grain is visible.
Comparative Analysis of Photosynthetic Parameters and its Evaluation in Pearl Millet Hybrid and its Parents
Authors: Chanda S. V. , Joshi A. K. , Vaishnav P. P. , Singh Y. D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFully expanded leaf occupying topmost position in a field grown pearl millet hybrid (BJ‐104) and its parents (J‐104 and 5141‐A) were analysed at weekly intervals for chlorophylls, Hill activity and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity. Large ontogenic drifts in these parameters, made the actual comparison between hybrid and parents, difficult. However, up to 52 d the hybrid leaf possessed considerably higher chlorophyll pigments than its parents. Amongst the inbreds, the male parent was initially better than the female parent while at later stages, the trend was reversed. Hill activity and PEPcase were more in the male than in the female parent and the hybrid followed the better parent. Rate limiting steps for productivity, measured as NAR (g dry weight)−1, were worked out in the female parent, using multiple regression and correlation analysis, and the significance of such an analysis is discussed in relation to plant productivity.
Pflanzenwachstum durch CO2/HCO3‐Eintrag über die Wurzel
Authors: Schäfer W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPlant Growth after Application of CO2/HCO3 to the RootsAfter applying H14CO3 to the root system of summer wheat in hermetically sealed pots, absorption and incorporation of HCO3 in the sugar‐, starch‐, and fibre‐fraction (approximately 50 % of the absorped 14C) could be shown. This fraction reached 0.44–1.21 % of total C‐assimilation of the shoot during growing stage F9/F10 on the Feeke‐scala. 1/3 of the HCO3‐fraction resting in the soil was bound organically indicating that microorganisms may be able to utilize exogenous anorganic CO2/HCO3 for their photosynthesis.
Growth and Yield of Peanut as Influenced by Degree and Duration of Shading
Authors: Rao L. J. , Mittra B. N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPeanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) which are commonly grown in intercropping systems often suffer from shading caused by the associated crop. Through this study an attempt has been made to estimate the effect of different levels of shade at different growth stages on crop yield. Field experiments were laid out during monsoon and winter seasons of 1985 and 1986 by creating artificial shading up to 25 and 50 per cent of the day/natural light at flowering‐pegging, pod filling and maturity stages of a Spanish bunch type peanut. Dry matter production has shown linear response to light intensity and due to 50 per cent shading it was reduced by 55 per cent. Vegetative growth rate during pod filling stage was very poor as a result of increase in shading at this stage. In shaded plants the nodulation was less and some reduction in chlorophyll content was also observed. However, oil content in kernel was not affected by shading. Shading caused significant reduction in pod number and kernel weight and thus there was decrease in pod yield. Flowering to pegging and pod filling stages seemed to be sensitive to shading while increase in shading at maturity stage did not cause any reduction in yield. It could be possible to obtain about 90 per cent pod yield by avoiding shading during flowering to pegging stage (45 DAS).
The Influence of Glyphosate on Germination Behaviour of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Hassan Esmat A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe germination behaviour of glyphosate‐treated seeds of two wheat cultivars was investigated. Ten concentrations of the herbicide (480 g/L.) ranged from zero to 260 g. a.i./Fed. were applied to the dry seeds by soaking for two hours. Germination was then conducted in petri dishes on filter paper at average daily maximum and minimum temperatures of 19.65 and 6.15 °C in the laboratory. Seedling growth behaviour was recorded periodically at the 4th, 7th and 10th day of germination.The results indicated that glyphosate treatment at different concentrations did not affect the germination percentage in both wheat cultivars. On the other hand, in comparison to the control, the herbicide treatment caused significant reduction in maximum seedling root and shoot lengths. The reduction increased proportionally by increasing the herbicide concentration. Treatments with high concentrations of the glyphosate caused significant reduction in total root number per seedling in cv. Sakha 8. At concentrations of 260, 130 and 65 g a.i./Fed. all seeds exhibited root aberration in both wheat cultivars.Clear variation in cultivar susceptability to glyphosate treatment was observed, particularly at concentrations lower than 65 g a.i./Fed.However, cv. Giza 155 seemed to possess better survival to glyphosate treatment than cv. Sakha 8 concerning root inhibition percentage and seedling part measurements. The results indicated the practical importance of the reactions of different genetic codes to the herbicide in the field including the crop and the weeds.
A Study on Identification of Agronomical Methods for Raising Seed Production in Buffel Grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)
Authors: Singh R. P. , Dwivedi G. K. , Sinha N. C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField trials were conducted at Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi to find out appropriate agronomical technique, as method of planting, sowing date, time and dose of nitrogen application and synergistic effect of companion crops. Results demonstrated that (i) six weeks old seedlings of Cenchrus ciliaris have good vigour potential for vegetative propagation, (ii) its planting is most appropriate in last week of June, (iii) it requires 80 kg N in split doses (40 kg N at sowing and 40 kg N 30 days after sowing) and (iv) seed yielding potential of Cenchrus ciliaris further increased with companion crop of Sesame (Sesamum indicum). Thus it is pointed out that these agronomical requirement is necessary for reaping potential seed yield of Cenchrus ciliaris.
Genotypic Variation for Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean
Authors: Garner E. Ramona , Sapra V. T. , Floyd M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwenty soybean cultivars from maturity groups IV, V, VI, VII and VIII were screened in the growth chamber study to determine their response to two Rhizobium strains through N‐fixation rates. Cultivars Lee 74, Essex and Bay showed high nitrogenase activities of 201.00, 93.75 and 74.86 nM C2H2/pl/hr, respectively. Braxton, Hutton and Bragg showed low nitrogenase activity rates of 4.73, 4.20 and 3.0 nM C2H2/pl/hr, respectively. A range of variation was found among the cultivars in shoot fresh and dry weights, nodule number and nodule weight.
Physiological Analysis of Growth and Yield of Watermelon (Citrullus ianatus Thunb Musf) in Relation to Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization
Authors: Hegde D. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAnalysis of growth and yield of watermelon in relation to irrigation and N fertilization carried out at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, during 1983–84 and 1984–85 indicated that frequent irrigations when the soil matric potential at 15 cm depth reached ‐25 kPa resulted in maximum dry matter accumulation and distribution, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR) leading to higher fruit yield as compared to irrigations at ‐50 and ‐75 kPa. Imposing a stress of ‐75 kPa either during pre‐flowering or flowering or fruit development phase adversely affected various growth parameters resulting in reduced yield as compared to that irrigated uniformly at ‐25 kPa. Increasing levels of N fertilization increased the dry matter accumulation and distribution through higher LAI, LAD and CGR and contributed larger proportion of the dry matter to fruits resulting in higher fruit yield.
Effect of Nematicide and Herbicide Interactions on Field Population of Cyst Nematode and Agronomic Characters of Soybean
Authors: Oji Okoro , Sapra V. T. , Pacumbaba R. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTreatment of herbicides (Treflan and Lorox) and nematicides (Nemacur and Temik) and various combinations of these pesticides on Essex and Ransom in the field to control weeds and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) have produced significantly more abnormal seedling establishment, more number of pods and nodules per plant, and lesser field population of SCN. The differences in performance of Essex and Ransom with respect to SCN control with corresponding yield increases or decreases from pesticide treatments may have been due to the cultivar's different degree of susceptibility to SCN infestations and to their specific genetic make‐up. The recommended nematicides for the control of SCN with corresponding yield increases in Essex were Temik and Nemacur and the recommended nematicide‐herbicide combinations were Temik‐Treflan and Temik‐Lorox. The recommended nematicide for the control of SCN in cultivar Ransom was Temik. Bean yields were not affected by the application of pesticides.
Effect of NaCl Salinity and Putrescine on Shoot Growth, Tissue Ion Concentration and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L. var. GR‐3)
Authors: Prakash L. , Prathapasenan G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInteractive effect of NaCl salinity and putrescine on shoot growth, ion (Na+, K+ and CI−) concentration in leaf, stem and inflorescence and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. GR‐3) were studied. When rice plants were subjected to salt stress (12 dS/m) the extension growth and dry weight of shoot system as well as total leaf area and chlorophyll content were found markedly reduced. Analysis of leaf, stem and inflorescence of salt‐stressed plants showed higher concentration of Na+ and Cl ions and lower concentration of K+ ion compared to the control. Salinization also caused a considerable fall in grain yield.Foliar application of putrescine (10−5M) significantly increased the growth and yield of salt‐stressed plants. Putrescine treatment decreased the influx of Na+ and Cl− ions and increased the K+ level in all the tissues of salinized plants examined. Putrescine also increased the chlorophyll content in salt‐stressed plants. These results suggest that exogenous application of putrescine can be used successfully to ameliorate the stress injuries caused by NaCl salinity in rice plants to a considerable extent.