bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irreversible Perforations in Vertebral Trabeculae?
Authors: Banse X , Devogelaer JP , Delloye C , Lafosse A , Holmyard D , Grynpas M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In human cancellous bone, osteoclastic perforations resulting from normal remodeling were generally considered irreversible. In human vertebral samples, examined by backscatter electron microscopy, there was clear evidence of bridging of perforation defects by new bone formation. Hence trabecular perforations may not be irreversible.
Introduction: Preservation of the trabecular bone microarchitecture is essential to maintain its load-bearing capacity and prevent fractures. However, during bone remodeling, the osteoclasts may perforate the platelike trabeculae and disconnect the structure. Large perforations (&gt;100 μm) are generally considered irreversible because there is no surface on which new bone can be laid down. In this work, we investigated the outcome of these perforations on human vertebral cancellous bone.
Materials and Methods: Using backscatter electron microscopy, we analyzed 264 vertebral bone samples from the thoracic and lumbar spine of nine subjects (44–88 years old). Nine fields (2 × 1.5 mm) were observed on each block. Several bone structural units (BSUs) were visible on a single trabecula, illustrating a dynamic, historical aspect of bone remodeling. A bridge was defined as a single and recent BSU connecting two segments of trabeculae previously separated by osteoclastic resorption. They were counted and measured (length and breadth, μm).
Results and Conclusion: We observed 396 bridges over 2376 images. By comparison, we found only 15 microcalluses on the same material. The median length of the bridge was 165 μm (range, 29–869 μm); 86% being longer than 100 μm and 35% longer than 200 μm. Their breadth was 56 μm (range, 6–255 μm), but the thinnest were still in construction. Bridges were found in all nine subjects included in the study, suggesting that it is a common feature of normal vertebral bone remodeling. These observations support the hypothesis that perforation could be repaired by new bone formation. and hence, might not be systematically irreversible.
Association Between Vertebral Fracture and Increased Mortality in Osteoporotic Patients
Authors: Jalava Tarja , Sarna Seppo , Pylkkänen Liisa , Mawer Barbara , Kanis John A , Selby Peter , Davies Michael , Adams Judith , Francis Roger M , Robinson John , McCloskey Eugene 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Determinants of mortality were studied in a prospective study of 677 women and men with primary or secondary osteoporosis. Prevalent vertebral fractures were associated with increased mortality, but other known predictors of mortality explain a significant proportion of the excess risk.
Introduction: In population studies, prevalent vertebral fractures are associated with increased mortality. It is unknown whether this excess mortality is related to low bone mineral density or its determinants or whether there is an additional component associated with fracture itself.
Methods: We studied 677 women and men with osteoporosis, 28–88 years old, of whom 352 had morphometrically determined vertebral fracture, to examine the risk and causes of mortality in patients with osteoporosis (defined densitometrically as a spine bone mineral density T-score &lt; −2.5 and −3.0 for women and men, respectively, and/or one or more prevalent vertebral fractures without a history of significant trauma). The participants had enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in osteoporosis and were comprised of 483 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, 110 women with secondary osteoporosis, and 84 men with osteoporosis of any cause. Demographics, medical history, and other measures of skeletal and nonskeletal health status were assessed at entry.
Results: During a median follow-up of 3.2 years, 37 (5.5%) participants died, with 31 of these deaths occurring in those with prevalent vertebral fractures. Compared with participants who did not have a prevalent vertebral fracture, those with one or more fractures had a 4.4-fold higher (95% CI, 1.85, 10.6) mortality rate. After adjustment for predictors for poor health—including number of medications, number of diseases, use of oral corticosteroids, alcohol intake, serum albumin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), renal function, height, weight, gender, and age—the point estimate of risk remained elevated but was no longer statistically significant (hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% CI. 0.93, 6.23).
Conclusions: Prevalent vertebral fractures in osteoporotic patients are associated with increased mortality. Other known predictors of mortality can explain a significant proportion of the excess risk.
Absence of Marked Seasonal Change in Bone Turnover: A Longitudinal and Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Blumsohn Aubrey , Naylor Kim E , Timm Wolfram , Eagleton Alison C , Hannon Rosemary A , Eastell Richard 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The effect of season on bone turnover is controversial. No information is available on seasonality of new serum markers of bone resorption. In this study, we have been unable to confirm findings of a marked wintertime increase in bone formation and resorption within the general population. Seasonality was assessed by cosinor analysis.
Introduction: We investigated the effect of season on seven markers of bone turnover in a longitudinal study (six men and six premenopausal women; age, 24–44 years) and a separate large population-based multicenter European study (n = 2780 women, Osteoporosis and Ultrasound Study [OPUS]).
Materials and Methods: Measurements included serum Crosslaps, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP), osteocalcin (OC), and the N-telopeptide fragment of type I collagen in urine (NTX). Seasonality was assessed by cosinor analysis with Hotelling's T2 test.
Results: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D showed a marked seasonal rhythm. There was no significant seasonal component for any marker of bone turnover in the longitudinal analysis (cosinor analysis, p &gt; 0.05). The percentage of within subject variance accounted for by any seasonal trend was very small for all markers (less than 2.5%). Less than 1% of the between-person variance was accounted for by seasonality in the cross-sectional analysis for all markers (n = 2780). There was a small but statistically significant summertime increase in OC and PINP in the healthy postmenopausal population after exclusions based on disease or medication use (remaining n = 1226, amplitudes 5.6% and 5.4%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: We have been unable to confirm findings of a marked wintertime increase in bone formation and resorption within the general population. The absence of marked seasonality was irrespective of age, menopausal status, reported supplemental Vitamin D intake, age or geographical location. The small but statistically significant summertime increase in bone formation in this and other studies is unlikely to confound clinical interpretation of these measurements.
Reaction to Three Races of Fusarium Wilt in the Phaseolus vulgaris Core Collection
Authors: Brick Mark A. , Byrne Patrick F. , Schwartz Howard F. , Ogg J. Barry , Otto Kristin , Fall Amy L. , Gilbert Jeremy 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTSeven races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Kendrick and Snyder (Fop) cause Fusarium wilt (FW) disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). FW occurs worldwide and has recently become a serious disease in the central and western USA. The objectives of this research were to identify new sources of resistance to Fop, characterize the Central/South American (CA/SA) Phaseolus Core Collection for reaction to races 1, 4, and 5 Fop and determine if a previously reported sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) molecular marker would be useful to identify resistance among accessions that make up the CA/SA Core Collection. Seedlings from the CA/SA Core Collection were screened for reaction by a root dip inoculation procedure. Among accessions evaluated for reaction to race 1 Fop, 21 were resistant, 47 intermediate, and 126 susceptible. Fifteen accessions were resistant to race 4, 61 intermediate, and 114 were susceptible. Nine accessions were resistant to both races 1 and 4, and five of the nine (PI 207373, PI 307802, PI 308908, PI 309877, PI 310842) were also resistant to race 5 Fop. All accessions resistant to races 1, 4, and 5 of Fop were characterized as Middle American, which suggests that resistance to multiple races of Fop should be more prevalent in germplasm from Middle America. The SCAR marker previously developed to identify a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with resistance to Fop was not associated with resistance in the Core Collection.
Tocopherol Content and Agronomic Performance of Soybean Lines with Reduced Palmitate
Authors: Scherder Curtis W. , Fehr Walter R. , Welke Grace A. , Wang Tong 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars have been developed with reduced palmitate content that is controlled by the fap1 and fap3 alleles. One objective of our study was to compare the tocopherol content of reduced and normal palmitate lines with similar genetic backgrounds. A second objective was to compare the agronomic and seed traits of the two types of lines. Three single‐cross populations segregating for palmitate content were developed from which 20 reduced and normal palmitate lines were selected for evaluation at three environments during 2004. The mean total tocopherol of the reduced palmitate lines was 15% greater than the normal palmitate lines, and the line with the greatest total tocopherol in each population contained reduced palmitate. The mean seed yield of the reduced palmitate lines was 5.5% lower than the normal palmitate lines. There were significant differences between the two types of lines for other agronomic and seed traits; however, the significant genetic variation among lines of each type would permit the selection of reduced palmitate lines that were similar to normal palmitate lines for those traits. Use of the reduced palmitate trait would be advantageous to maximize the tocopherol content of soybean oil.
Aerosol Smoke and Smoke‐Water Stimulation of Seedling Vigor of a Commercial Maize Cultivar
Authors: Sparg S. G. , Kulkarni M. G. , van Staden J. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThe effect of smoke as a germination cue is well documented. Recent developments in smoke technology have suggested that smoke also improves vigor. It has been reported that indigenous storage methods of South African maize landraces using smoke enhances seedling vigor. This present study highlights the effects of aerosol smoke and smoke–water on the germination and seedling vigor of a commercial maize cultivar, Zea mays L. var. PAN 6479. Various presoaking and smoking combinations were investigated. Treating seeds with aerosol smoke showed significant (p < 0.05) stimulatory effects on vigor. However, prolonged exposure to aerosol smoke resulted in reduced germination which was alleviated by rinsing the seeds. Furthermore, presoaking seeds before exposure to aerosol smoke also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the inhibitory effect of prolonged smoking. The combination of presoaking and smoking had a significant (p < 0.05) improvement on the percentage germination. This study also showed that smoke has the potential to improve not only the percentage germination but also seedling vigor of commercially bred maize seeds.
Effects of Four Independent Low‐Phytate Mutations on Barley Agronomic Performance
Authors: Bregitzer Phil , Raboy Victor 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThe seed phosphorus storage compound phytic acid (myo‐inositol‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐heakisphosphate) is poorly utilized by nonruminant animals. Low Phytate (LP) crops, in which reductions of phytate are accompanied by increases in nutritionally available P, are in development and their utility will be enhanced by competitive agronomic performance. To assess the performance of LP barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), sets of sib lines that are homozygous wild type (WT), or homozygous for one of four independent low phytic acid mutations (lpa1‐1, lpa2‐1, lpa3‐1, and M955), were developed via backcrosses to Harrington. The WT sibsets performed similarly to the Harrington parent, suggesting that the major variable in these experiments was the presence or absence of the LP alleles. Under irrigation, M955, which has an extreme reduction in phytate, was associated with reduced yield and percentage plump kernels; all mutations except lpa2‐1 were associated with reduced test weight. In rain‐fed locations, all mutations were associated with reduced test weight and percentage plump kernels, and all except lpa1‐1 were associated with reduced yield. These results suggest that one component of yield loss in LP types is reduced stress tolerance. The performance of the lpa1‐1 mutation, which appears to be aleurone specific, suggests a potential strategy to avoid this source of yield loss: the use of genotypes where the desirable effect is limited to a target tissue, in this case the aleurone layer.
Biplot Analysis of Forage Combining Ability in Maize Landraces
Authors: Bertoia Luis , López César , Burak Ruggero 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTIn Argentina, maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids selected for silage production and local adaptation are not available for most temperate regions where silage maize can be produced. This study sought maize landraces that could be used as germplasm sources to enhance forage yield and quality in warm temperate areas and emphasized eight landraces not previously selected for grain yield. These were crossed in a diallel mating design and the 28 F1 population hybrids, the eight parental populations, and four commercial hybrids were evaluated in four environments in Argentina for combining abilities and to determine heterotic patterns among germplasm sources, using a biplot diallel analysis. Significant midparent heterosis (MPH) was observed for ear yield (EY), stover yield (SY), and whole plant yield (WY). General combining ability (GCA) effects were significant for EY, SY, and WY. Specific combining ability (SCA) effects were not significant for any trait. The graphical representation offered by biplot analysis allowed a rapid and effective overview of GCA and SCA effects of the populations, their performance in crosses, as well as grouping patterns of similar genotypes. Significant variation among checks was observed for EY and SY. On average, commercial hybrids had greater EY, but lower SY, than landraces and population hybrids. Some landrace crosses showed superior or similar WY than commercial checks, indicating the breeding potential of the evaluated germplasm.
Ecogeography and Demography of Cicer judaicum Boiss., a Wild Annual Relative of Domesticated Chickpea
Authors: Ben‐David Roi , Lev‐Yadun Simcha , Can Canan , Abbo Shahal 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major pulse crop in the Indian subcontinent and other world regions and is characterized by narrow adaptation relative to other cool season food legumes. Comparative ecophysiology employing closely related wild species is a powerful tool to broaden the understanding of the genetic and physiological basis of crop adaptation. However, meager data are available on the ecological preferences of annual wild Cicer species. Moreover, the geographic range, its size, shape, and boundaries as well as its internal structure have never been studied for any of the wild Cicer taxa, thereby limiting our understanding of Cicer biology. Accordingly, this work focused on Israeli C. judaicum Boiss. a wild annual relative of chickpea. We defined the range of the species across the Mediterranean zone of Israel, characterized the ecogeographical profile of its habitats and studied two populated sites at the macro‐ and microsite levels in terms of plant density, frequency, and niche physical characteristics. Throughout the survey area the species is mostly confined to stony and rocky niches where competition with more aggressive annuals is small. This habitat preference dictates a patchy distribution pattern at all levels, from local niche to the region and beyond.
Ronald Tavel: Ridiculous Playwright
Authors: Isaac Dan 
Published: April 2006

PAULETTE. What a situation! Hey, are you a real gibbon?MAIS OUI. That's my God-gibbon destiny, dearie.Gorilla QueenA genuine work of art will, by necessity, undermine the social structure and the moral cadre on which our existences are postulated. For a real work of art is, by definition, an act of truth, and our social structure is a lie.Ron Tavel, “The Theatre of the Ridiculous”Some of the youngest wave of playwrights, who are not quite as young as they at times pretend to be, find fun in exploring and exploiting the fantasies that fed their parents—movies of the thirties and forties—an entire folk culture of false values—a set of malfunctioning myths rewoven into wildly comic metaphors.
Speculations on Radicalism, Sexuality, & Performance
Authors: Schechner Richard 
Published: April 2006

Feelings kicked up thinking about relationships among (student) radicalism, (Freudian) sexual theory, and (new) theatre are tangled. I want to map those feelings—which I think are not peculiar to me. They are tied to a revulsion against the mass media, which—as Kelly Morris puts it—play Sioux to youthful Custers. Identifying “what's new,” journalists draw the innovators out, encourage (even demand) exaggerated claims and premature conclusions, encircle nascent ideas with stolid values, and annihilate experiments by marketing distorted replicas. The “news” is a deadly enemy of what is new, and premature identification may ruin for a lifetime authentic identity.My first thoughts revealed that I was not very precise or concrete about politics. I turned up some hard prejudices against student radicals. I believed student leaders to be deeper into revolutionary rhetoric than radical action. I dismissed many actions on American campuses as either “escalated panty raids” or “senseless disruption.”
Genet's Theatre of Possession
Authors: Francovich Allan 
Published: April 2006

The time has not yet come for presenting dramas about noble matters. But perhaps they suspect what lies behind this architecture of emptiness and words. We are what they want us to be. We shall therefore be it to the very end and absurdly.Archibald in The BlacksThe white man is buried in his whiteness.The black man in his blackness.We shall seek to determine the directions of this dual narcissism and the motivations which inspire it.Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks…listen… oh I was forgetting, thieves that we are, we have tried to filch your fine language. Liars that we are, the names I have mentioned to you are false. Listen…Archibald in The Blacks
Funeral Rites: Eugenio Barba's Feraï
Authors: Fumaroli Marc 
Published: April 2006

In an earlier article [T41] I described Kaspariana, performed by Eugenio Barba's Odin Teatret in Holstebro, Denmark in September 1967. Two years later the Odin Teatret presented another spectacle, Feraï, at the Théâtre des Nations. Feraï enjoyed as much success in Paris, before an audience mostly of students and theatre professionals, as it had several weeks earlier before the audiences of the small towns of Jutland.The genesis of the play reveals some of the differences between Barba's work and Grotowski's, as well as Barba's special use of the resources of his Jutland province. It was the resident literary advisor of the Odin Teatret, Christian Ludvigsen, the Danish translator of Ionesco and Beckett, who suggested that Barba treat the subject of Euripides’ Alcestis, the sacrifice of a woman who agrees to die in place of her husband, the King of Pherai in Thessaly.
National or Community Theatre?
Authors: Corti Victor 
Published: April 2006

This year, bids will be submitted for the construction and equipping of Britain's National Theatre. It is ironic that after sixtyfive years of planning and four major attempts to actualize this dream, that its reality will fall so short of meeting the needs of the present circumstances. Drama will be presented there in the evening to a restricted audience in a prestige building costing twenty-four million dollars.Seating only two thousand people in its two theatres, and with a subscription system for reserving places, the new National Theatre will not be open to all citizens of the nation. “The first four rows of seating in each auditorium, which some might consider uncomfortably close to the stage, are spaced more closely than the seating in the main body of the auditorium so that they can be sold to younger theatregoers on the day of performance.” (National Theatre. Detailed Design Proposals, Nov. 1967.) So much for the building committee's attitude toward poorer spectators, but what about its rich patrons?
A Note on Brazilian Agitprop
Authors: Boal Augusto 
Published: April 2006

In 1963, during the Cuban crisis, several playwrights in Rio de Janeiro called a meeting to write a script: The Blockade of Intervention: An Indictment. The following afternoon some students, workers, and artists from the Popular Center of Culture of the National Student Union rehearsed the script hurriedly, and performed it that night before a large crowd gathered in front of the Municipal Theatre in the heart of the city. The play opened twenty-four hours after it was written.The Blockade of Intervention: An Indictment was one of the most important manifestations of popular theatre—Brazil's “theatre of agitation.” It belongs to a large repertory of plays, which include Patria o muerte, Cuba s, Yankee no, and others which deal with international politics. This theatre of agitation also includes small “raids” made by theatrical brigades during special occasions. For example, during, a political campaign a group of actors meet on a corner and begin arguing about politics to the point of threatening physical violence; people gather around them and the group suddenly begins an improvised performance that deals with the most urgent political issues.
Entfremdung, Verfremdung: Alienation, Estrangement
Authors: Bloch Ernst 
Published: April 2006

In German one says a child is “strange” with adults it does not know, or does not know well: the child may speak little or not at all, will probably stand sucking a finger. But when children are strange in this way they are still at home within themselves, not alienated from their own lives. An adult in a wholly strange environment also may still be at home within himself; indeed, he may depend more on himself, the less a strange environment welcomes him. Alienation from oneself is something quite different, and estrangement is different again (which is what we will have to show in a roundabout way).It is easy to hear where some sounds come from. The word entfremden (“to alienate”) is an old one, originally used in business. Abalienare in Latin means to rid oneself of a thing, to sell something.
Happenings: An Exchange
Authors: Baxandall Lee , Suvin Darko 
Published: April 2006

The analysis by Darko Suvin in regard to happenings (T47) has much in it of interest—but much also, I fear, which obfuscates the last few years of theatrical experiment, and which wrongly discredits the happenings tendency. Since Professor Suvin paid considerable attention to an article of mine on this topic in formulating his view, perhaps you will permit me to respond.Foremostly, the Suvin piece smacks of remoteness from an adequate experience of happenings and related theatre pieces. To found this suspicion, one need not have picked up on the statement that his theorizing about this mode of theatre proceeded “basically from scenarios and descriptions” rather than from firsthand contact.