bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino-Terminal Propeptide of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide and Linear Growth in Children: Effects of Puberty, Testosterone, and Growth Hormone
Authors: Olney Robert C. , Prickett Timothy C. R. , Yandle Timothy G. , Espiner Eric A. , Han Joan C. , Mauras Nelly 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Context: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a paracrine factor of the growth plate, plays a key role in stimulating bone growth. The amino-terminal propeptide of CNP (NTproCNP) is produced in equimolar amounts with CNP and is measurable in plasma, providing a potential biomarker for growth plate activity and, hence, linear growth.
Objective: We explored the effects of puberty, testosterone, and GH treatment on NTproCNP levels in normal and short-statured children.
Design: This was a retrospective analysis of samples obtained during previous studies.
Setting: The study was conducted at a pediatric clinical research center.
Subjects: Children with short stature due to GH deficiency, idiopathic short stature (ISS), or constitutional delay of growth and maturation (CDGM) were studied (n = 37). A cohort of normal-statured adolescent boys was also studied (n = 23).
Interventions: Children with GH deficiency and ISS were studied before and during testosterone and/or GH treatment. Boys with CDGM and healthy controls were studied once.
Main Outcome Measures: The main outcomes were NTproCNP levels before and during growth-promoting therapy and during pubertal growth.
Results: Children with short stature due to GH deficiency, ISS, or CDGM had comparable baseline levels of NTproCNP, and levels increased markedly in response to GH or testosterone treatment. In boys with CDGM, levels were comparable with height-matched controls but were less than those from age-matched controls. In healthy boys, NTproCNP appears to peak with the pubertal growth spurt.
Conclusions: NTproCNP levels increase during growth-promoting therapy and are increased during puberty in boys. This novel biomarker of growth may have clinical utility in the evaluation of children with short stature and for monitoring growth-promoting therapy.
Treatment Options in Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Kim Sara S 
Published: August 2007

Objective: To evaluate the treatment options in steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Data Sources: Literature was obtained by searching MEDLINE (1966–May 2007) and EMBASE (1980–May 2007). Study Selection and Data Extraction: All pertinent clinical trials, retrospective studies, case reports, and compassionate use studies were identified and evaluated for safety and efficacy of the pharmacologic agents. Data Synthesis: Steroid-refractory acute GVHD is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although various pharmacologic agents have been studied in the treatment of steroid-refractory acute GVHD, no treatments have been established as a salvage therapy. Preliminary data on different pharmacologic agents have been identified and evaluated for their efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of steroid-refractory acute GVHD. The effects of the pharmacologic agents varied significantly among patients: severity of the disease, involvement of different organs, and the patient's age seem to be the major factors that affect an individual's response to drug therapy. In addition, the treatments are further challenged by the high incidence of potentially fatal opportunistic infections that occur during the therapy. Conclusions: Selection of pharmacologic agents for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute GVHD should be based on the target organs, adverse drug reactions, and economic factors. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to better understand the roles of these agents in the treatment of steroid-refractory acute GVHD.
Knotwood as a window to the indirect measurement of the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood
Authors: Karppanen Outi , Venäläinen Martti , Harju Anni M. , Willför Stefan , Pietarinen Suvi , Laakso Tapio , Kainulainen Pirjo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
There is wide variation in the extractive content and decay resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood. The heartwood is not visible in standing trees and only poorly visible in timber. Therefore, it is difficult to identify extractive-rich trees, and consequently the most decay-resistant heartwood. On the other hand, knots are clearly visible in standing trees and timber. In the present paper we studied the possibility of measuring the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood indirectly on the basis of the extractive concentration of knotwood. The material investigated consisted of 40 felled trees with a wide between-tree variation for extractive content and decay resistance of their heartwood. The extractive content of knotwood was found to be four- to five-fold higher than that of heartwood. Statistically significant correlations were found between the mass loss of heartwood and the concentrations of total phenolics and stilbenes in knotwood (r=-0.54, P<0.001 and r=-0.40, P=0.011, respectively), and for the concentration of total phenolics (r=0.42, P=0.008) and stilbenes (r=0.39, P=0.012) between heartwood and knotwood. We suggest further development of this technique in the context of rapid industrial screening of durable pine heartwood.
Thermoforming of wood veneer composite sheets
Authors: Srinivasan Narayana , Bhattacharyya Debes , Jayaraman Krishnan 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Thermoforming of wood veneers into profiles is a novel idea and the focus of this paper is to study the formability characteristics of thin radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) veneers, which are generally used as surface coverings. Radiata pine is well suited as a raw material for furniture, joinery, and interior architectural products. This is because it has excellent turning, shaping, and laminating properties and readily achieves brilliant stain and paint finishes. In this study, radiata pine veneers were softened by immersion in a hot water bath and then thermoformed by means of heated dies/moulds. The formability characteristics were investigated by conducting single-curvature V-bending tests. The influence of the forming method on the shape conformance of softened veneers under single- and multiple-bend conditions was examined. The paper also discusses the influences of manufacturing parameters that include the softening method, the die temperature, the duration of forming, the ratio of bend radius to veneer thickness, and the veneer architecture. The study clearly establishes the feasibility of forming veneers into multi-bend products in a semi-continuous manner using matched dies.
Stabilization of H2O2 in the presence of Fe(II) and Mn(II) impurities under alkaline conditions
Authors: Popov Evgeny , Välisaari Jouni , Vuorenpalo Veli-Matti , Aksela Reijo , Eloranta Jussi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Stabilization of aqueous H2O2 solutions containing small amounts of transition metal impurities [e.g., Mn(II) and Fe(II)] was studied in terms of UV/Vis and electron spin resonance spectroscopy and oxygen concentration measurements at pH ∼11. The results show that aspartic acid diethoxy succinate (AES) could stabilize H2O2 solutions when Mn(II) and Fe(II) were present. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) showed similar behavior, but was not able to stabilize the solutions as efficiently as AES. In the long-term regime, Na-poly-alpha-hydroxy-acrylate was almost as effective a stabilizing agent as AES. Na-acrylate-3-allyloxide-2-hydroxy propane Na-sulfonate copolymer (Aqualic) could decrease H2O2 decomposition by one order of magnitude, but it was the least efficient stabilizing agent among the substances studied. Furthermore, generation of superoxide radical was not suppressed in the presence of Aqualic.
Characterization of non-cellulosic glucans in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. wood and kraft pulp
Authors: Lisboa Sara A. , Evtuguin Dmitry V. , Pascoal Neto Carlos 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The amount of non-cellulosic glucans in Eucalyptus globulus wood (approx. 4.5%) was assessed by extraction of sawdust with a 0.5 M NaOH solution at 90–120°C and the structural features were elucidated in a glucan-enriched polysaccharide fraction isolated by hot water extraction (120°C, 2 h). Isolated soluble glucans were characterized by wet chemistry methods and a set of 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The major proportion of glucans consisted of amylose (20%) and amylopectin (80%), although a small proportion of β-(1→3)-glucan (<0.2% on wood weight) was also detected. Although glucans are easily removed in the initial phase of kraft pulping, notable amounts were found in unbleached pulp and it was supposed that in the final stage of kraft pulping a fraction of α-glucan is precipitated onto the fiber surface and contributes to the pulp yield.
Indicators of Lumbar Zygapophyseal Joint Pain: Survey of an Expert Panel With the Delphi Technique
Authors: Wilde Viktoria E , Ford Jon J , McMeeken Joan M 
Published: August 2007

Background and PurposeThe lumbar zygapophyseal joints (LZJs) are thought to be a source of low back pain (LBP); however, no valid or reliable indicators exist. The purpose of this study was to obtain a consensus from an expert panel on the indicators of LZJ pain.SubjectsA multidisciplinary panel of 20 experts in the field of LBP participated in this study.MethodsA 3-round Delphi survey designed to obtain a consensus on the indicators of LZJ pain was completed by use of accepted protocols. Subjects also were asked to justify their selection of each indicator.ResultsFollowing the 3 rounds, consensus was achieved, and 12 indicators were identified. Those that reached the highest levels of consensus were a positive response to facet joint injection, localized unilateral LBP, positive medial branch block, pain upon unilateral palpation of the LZJ or transverse process, lack of radicular features, pain eased by flexion, and pain, if referred, located above the knee. Justifications for the experts’ selection of the indicators, predominantly based on pathoanatomical mechanisms, also were described.Discussion and ConclusionThis Delphi survey identified 12 indicators of LZJ pain, each with an associated pathoanatomical mechanism justifying selection. This survey provides preliminary validation for these indicators, which will be of value in further research into the classification and treatment of LZJ pain.
Practitioner and Organizational Barriers to Evidence-based Practice of Physical Therapists for People With Stroke
Authors: Salbach Nancy M , Jaglal Susan B , Korner-Bitensky Nicol , Rappolt Susan , Davis Dave 
Published: August 2007

Background and PurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify practitioner barriers (education, attitudes and beliefs, interest and perceived role, and self-efficacy) and organizational barriers (perceived support and resources) to physical therapists’ implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) for people with stroke.SubjectsThe participants were 270 physical therapists providing services to people with stroke in Ontario, Canada.MethodsA cross-sectional mail survey was conducted.ResultsOnly half of respondents had learned the foundations of EBP in their academic preparation or received training in searching or appraising research literature. Although 78% agreed that research findings are useful, 55% agreed that a divide exists between research and practice. Almost all respondents were interested in learning EBP skills; however, 50% indicated that physical therapists should not be responsible for conducting literature reviews. Average self-efficacy ratings were between 50% and 80% for searching and appraising the literature and below 50% for critically appraising psychometric properties and understanding statistical analyses. Despite Internet access at work for 80% of respondents, only 8% were given protected work time to search and appraise the literature.Discussion and ConclusionLack of education, negative perceptions about research and physical therapists’ role in EBP, and low self-efficacy to perform EBP activities represent barriers to implementing EBP for people with stroke that can be addressed through continuing education. Organizational provision of access to Web-based resources is likely insufficient to enhance research use by clinicians.
Selective early cardiolipin peroxidation after traumatic brain injury: an oxidative lipidomics analysis
Authors: Bayir Hülya , Tyurin Vladimir A. , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Viner Rosa , Ritov Vladimir , Amoscato Andrew A. , Zhao Qing , Zhang Xiaojing J. , Janesko‐Feldman Keri L. , Alexander Henry , Basova Liana V. , Clark Robert S. B. , Kochanek Patrick M. , Kagan Valerian E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveEnhanced lipid peroxidation is well established in traumatic brain injury. However, its molecular targets, identity of peroxidized phospholipid species, and their signaling role have not been deciphered.MethodsUsing controlled cortical impact as a model of traumatic brain injury, we employed a newly developed oxidative lipidomics approach to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the lipid peroxidation response.ResultsElectrospray ionization and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of rat cortical mitochondrial/synaptosomal fractions demonstrated the presence of highly oxidizable molecular species containing C22:6 fatty acid residues in all major classes of phospholipids. However, the pattern of phospholipid oxidation at 3 hours after injury displayed a nonrandom character independent of abundance of oxidizable species and included only one mitochondria‐specific phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL). This selective CL peroxidation was followed at 24 hours by peroxidation of other phospholipids, most prominently phosphatidylserine, but also phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. CL oxidation preceded appearance of biomarkers of apoptosis (caspase‐3 activation, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling–positivity) and oxidative stress (loss of glutathione and ascorbate).InterpretationThe temporal sequence combined with the recently demonstrated role of CL hydroperoxides (CL‐OOH) in in vitro models of apoptosis suggest that CL‐OOH may be both a key in vivo trigger of apoptotic cell death and a therapeutic target in experimental traumatic brain injury. Ann Neurol 2007
Highly Ordered Mesoporous Carbonaceous Frameworks from a Template of a Mixed Amphiphilic Triblock‐Copolymer System of PEO–PPO–PEO and Reverse PPO–PEO–PPO
Authors: Huang Yan , Cai Huaqiang , Yu Ting , Sun Xiuli , Tu Bo , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA series of highly ordered mesoporous carbonaceous frameworks with diverse symmetries have been successfully synthesized by using phenolic resols as a carbon precursor and mixed amphiphilic surfactants of poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(propylene oxide)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO) and reverse PPO–PEO–PPO as templates by the strategy of evaporation‐induced organic–organic self‐assembly (EISA). The transformation of the ordered mesostructures from face‐centered (Fd$\bar 3$m) to body‐centered cubic (Im$\bar 3$m), then 2D hexagonal (P6mm), and eventually to cubic bicontinuous (Ia$\bar 3$d) symmetry has been achieved by simply adjusting the ratio of triblock copolymers to resol precursor and the relative content of PEO–PPO–PEO copolymer F127, as confirmed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen‐sorption measurements. The blends of block copolymers can interact with resol precursors and tend to self‐assemble into cross‐linking micellar structures during the solvent‐evaporation process, which provides a suitable template for the construction of mesostructures. The assembly force comes from the hydrogen‐bonding interactions between organic mixed micelles and the resol‐precursor matrix. The BET surface area for the mesoporous carbonaceous samples calcined at 600 °C under nitrogen atmosphere is around 600 m2 g−1, and the pore size can be adjusted from 2.8 to 5.4 nm. An understanding of the organic–organic self‐assembly behavior in the mixed amphiphilic surfactant system would pave the way for the synthesis of mesoporous materials with controllable structures.
Focus on function: Single molecule RNA enzymology
Authors: Ditzler Mark A. , Alemán Elvin A. , Rueda David , Walter Nils G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe ability of RNA to catalyze chemical reactions was first demonstrated 25 years ago with the discovery that group I introns and RNase P function as RNA enzymes (ribozymes). Several additional ribozymes were subsequently identified, most notably the ribosome, followed by intense mechanistic studies. More recently, the introduction of single molecule tools has dissected the kinetic steps of several ribozymes in unprecedented detail and has revealed surprising heterogeneity not evident from ensemble approaches. Still, many fundamental questions of how RNA enzymes work at the molecular level remain unanswered. This review surveys the current status of our understanding of RNA catalysis at the single molecule level and discusses the existing challenges and opportunities in developing suitable assays. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 87: 302–316, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of water‐soluble and lipid‐soluble components of danshen in rat plasma using HPLC‐UV method
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Zhang Zhi‐Rong , Fu Hualin , Liu Jie , Chen Qian , Nie Yu , Deng Li , Gong Tao 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA sensitive and specific HPLC‐UV method was developed for the simultaneous determination of major active components of danshen in rat plasma. Both water‐soluble and lipid‐soluble compounds were included, i.e. danshensu, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA. Protocatechuic aldehyde and diazepam were used as internal standards. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed‐phase C18 column by gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.025% (v/v) phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Salvianolic acid B, danshensu and internal standards were detected at 281 nm, while the detection of tanshinone IIA was carried out at 272 nm. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 > 0.999) within test ranges. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification for danshensu, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA in plasma were 0.065, 0.043, 0.022, 0.131, 0.085 and 0.044 µg/mL, respectively. This is the first report on the determination and pharmacokinetic study of danshensu, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA in rat plasma and the results indicated that this method was reliable for the determination of the major active components of danshen in rat plasma. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of constituents in Stellera chamaejasme L. by rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography–diode array detection and electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Liang , Lou Zi‐Yang , Zhu Zhen‐Yu , Hai‐Zhang  , Zhang Guo‐Qing , Chai Yi‐Feng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA reliable and rapid method based on rapid‐resolution liquid chromatography–diode array detection (RRLC‐DAD) and electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐TOF/MS) has been developed for the isolation and characterization of multiple constituents in the root of Stellera chamaejasme L., which was extracted by sonication with methanol in an optimized procedure. Separation of the multiple constituents was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax XDB‐C18 (50 × 3.0 mm i.d.; 1.8 µm) column using a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 210 nm. Mass spectra were acquired in both positive and negative modes. A formula database of the known chemical constituents in the root of Stellera chamaejasme L. was established by an Agilent software. Twenty‐two obvious peaks appeared in the total ion chromatogram and nine of them were characterized by TOF/MS. The RRLC‐DAD and ESI‐TOF/MS method with ultrasonic extraction would be useful for rapid and effective characterization of chemical constituents in the root of Stellera chamaejasme L. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kernel‐based orthogonal projections to latent structures (K‐OPLS)
Authors: Rantalainen Mattias , Bylesjö Max , Cloarec Olivier , Nicholson Jeremy K , Holmes Elaine , Trygg Johan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) method has been successfully applied in various chemical and biological systems for modeling and interpretation of linear relationships between a descriptor matrix and response matrix. A kernel‐based reformulation of the original OPLS algorithm is presented where the kernel Gram matrix is utilized as a replacement for the descriptor matrix. This enables usage of the ‘kernel trick’ to efficiently transform the data into a higher‐dimensional feature space where predictive and response‐orthogonal components are calculated. This strategy has the capacity to improve predictive performance considerably in situations where strong non‐linear relationships exist between descriptor and response variables while retaining the OPLS model framework. We put particular focus on describing properties of the rearranged algorithm in relation to the original OPLS algorithm. Four separate problems, two simulated and two real spectroscopic data sets, are employed to illustrate how the algorithm enables separate modeling of predictive and response‐orthogonal variation in the feature space. This separation can be highly beneficial for model interpretation purposes while providing a flexible framework for supervised regression. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Dopamine and Tyrosinase Activity on Ion‐Sensitive Field‐Effect Transistor (ISFET) Devices
Authors: Freeman Ronit , Elbaz Johann , Gill Ron , Zayats Maya , Willner Itamar 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDopamine (1) and tyrosinase (TR) activities were analyzed by using chemically modified ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor (ISFET) devices. In one configuration, a phenylboronic acid functionalized ISFET was used to analyze 1 or TR. The formation of the boronate–1 complex on the surface of the gate altered the electrical potential associated with the gate, and thus enabled 1 to be analyzed with a detection limit of 7×10−5 M. Similarly, the TR‐induced formation of 1, and its association with the boronic acid ligand allowed a quantitative assay of TR to be performed. In another configuration, the surface of the ISFET gate was modified with tyramine or 1 to form functional surfaces for analyzing TR activities. The TR‐induced oxidation of the tyramine‐ or 1‐functionalized ISFETs resulted in the formation of the redox‐active dopaquinone units. The control of the gate potential by the redox‐active dopaquinone units allowed a quantitative assay of TR to be performed. The dopaquinone‐functionalized ISFETs could be regenerated to give the 1‐modified sensing devices by treatment with ascorbic acid.
Single Crystal of a Prussian Blue Analogue Based on Rubidium Manganese Hexacyanoferrate.
Authors: Tokoro Hiroko , Shiro Motoo , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
La3OCl[AsO3]2: A Lanthanum Oxide Chloride Oxoarsenate(III) with a “Lone‐Pair” Channel Structure.
Authors: Kang Dong‐Hee , Schleid Thomas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.