bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐Sitosterol attenuates anlotinib resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting miR‐181a‐3p/SHQ1 signaling
Authors: Wang Li‐huai , Sun Yin‐hui , Liu Hua , Yang Xiao , Wen Zhi , Tian Xue‐fei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnlotinib is used for the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer; however, the emergence of drug resistance limits its clinical application. β‐sitosterol may also be used to treat lung cancer, but there have been no studies evaluating β‐sitosterol against anlotinib‐resistant lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism by which β‐sitosterol enhances the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to anlotinib. A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of anlotinib to generate anlotinib‐resistant cells (A549/anlotinib cells). miR‐181a‐3p mimics were transfected into A549/anlotinib cells. A549 and A549/anlotinib cells were treated with β‐sitosterol at various concentrations. The Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay was used to measure cell proliferation. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Real‐time quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of miR‐181a‐3p. The interaction of miR‐181a‐3p with the H/ACA ribonucleoprotein assembly factor (SHQ1) was predicted using the miRDB and TargetScan Human databases and verified with a luciferase reporter assay. The expression of SHQ1, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were measured by western blot analysis. β‐Sitosterol effectively suppressed A549/anlotinib cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. SHQ1 is a downstream target of miR‐181a‐3p. The expression of miR‐181a‐3p was inhibited; however, SHQ1 expression was increased by β‐sitosterol treatment of A549/anlotinib cells. The inhibition of SHQ1, ATF6, and GRP78 protein expression by β‐sitosterol in A549/anlotinib cells was rescued by increased miR‐181a‐3p. β‐Sitosterol markedly promotes anlotinib‐resistant A549 cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation by activating SHQ1/UPR signaling through miR‐181a‐3p inhibition.
No clinically relevant electrocardiogram effects in a randomized TQT study of single therapeutic/supratherapeutic rimegepant doses in healthy adults
Authors: Bhardwaj Rajinder , Hanna Michael S. , Morris Beth A. , Matschke Kyle T. , Bertz Richard , Croop Robert S. , Liu Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA single‐center, phase I, partially double‐blind (double‐blind regarding doses of rimegepant and placebo, and open label with respect to moxifloxacin), randomized, 12‐sequence, four‐period crossover study of therapeutic (75 mg) and supratherapeutic (300 mg) doses of rimegepant with placebo and moxifloxacin (400 mg) controls was designed to evaluate drug effect on the Fridericia corrected QT (QTcF) interval in healthy fasted adults. A total of 38 participants were randomized and dosed in the study. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data were available from 37 participants in the rimegepant 75‐mg group, 38 participants in the rimegepant 300‐mg group, and 36 participants in the moxifloxacin and placebo groups. Both the 75‐ and 300‐mg doses of rimegepant had no clinically relevant effect on ECG parameters, including QTcF, heart rate, PR and QRS interval, T‐wave morphology, and U‐wave presence. All upper 90% confidence intervals for the QTcF effect with rimegepant were less than or equal to 4.69 ms, well below the 10‐ms threshold for potential clinical significance. Assay sensitivity was demonstrated by the QT effect of moxifloxacin. Using both by‐timepoint and concentration‐QTc analysis, a placebo‐corrected change‐from‐baseline QTcF greater than 10 ms could be excluded for rimegepant plasma concentrations up to ~10,000 ng/mL, representing concentrations at least 10.8‐fold the maximum observed concentration of the 75‐mg therapeutic dose of rimegepant.
Broadening applications of stochastic patch occupancy models over three decades
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Arellano Claudia , Crone Elizabeth E. , Pettorelli Nathalie , Hodgson Jenny A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimStochastic patch occupancy models (SPOMs) are a type of spatial population simulation. They are arguably well‐suited to guide conservation in human‐altered landscapes, but their appropriateness for a wide range of species and landscape types has often been questioned. Here, we provide an overview of how SPOM research has expanded over the last three decades and discuss the untapped potential for these models to inform current conservation strategies.LocationWorldwide.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review of studies that have fitted SPOMs to real species and landscapes. We assessed temporal trends in SPOMs' use in conservation and management studies, their taxonomic and geographic coverage, and the attributes of studied landscapes. We quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated whether the authors' modelling choices reflected the perceived advantages and disadvantages of SPOMs.ResultsThe proportion of SPOMs used to answer conservation questions has increased over time. Questions of where, when and how to conserve have all been addressed, sometimes considering additional aspects such as cost‐effectiveness and climate change. Taxonomic diversity coverage has increased over time, and SPOMs have been used in landscapes with a higher proportion of suitable habitat. They have, however, been predominantly applied in temperate biomes. Few studies have explored parameter extrapolation in taxonomically and ecologically related species with mixed results.Main ConclusionsOver the past three decades, authors have exploited the simplicity and flexibility of SPOMs to answer a broad range of questions with practical implications. The use of SPOMs in less fragmented landscapes, and for an increasing range of taxa, suggests that the strictest definitions of their applicability can be challenged. Stochastic patch occupancy models have untapped potential for informing conservation under climate change. Given the urgent need to plan for large numbers of species with limited data for fitting, SPOMs could better fulfil their potential to guide conservation if parameters could be extrapolated to data‐deficient landscapes and species.
Development of a heat‐stable alkaline phosphatase reporter system for cis‐regulatory analysis and its application to 3D digital imaging of Xenopus embryonic tissues
Authors: Sakagami Kiyo , Igawa Takeshi , Saikawa Kaori , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Hossain Nusrat , Kato Chiho , Kinemori Kazuhito , Suzuki Nanoka , Suzuki Makoto , Kawaguchi Akane , Ochi Haruki , Tajika Yuki , Ogino Hajime 
Published: March 2024

AbstractXenopus is one of the essential model systems for studying vertebrate development. However, one drawback of this system is that, because of the opacity of Xenopus embryos, 3D imaging analysis is limited to surface structures, explant cultures, and post‐embryonic tadpoles. To develop a technique for 3D tissue/organ imaging in whole Xenopus embryos, we identified optimal conditions for using placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) as a transgenic reporter and applied it to the correlative light microscopy and block‐face imaging (CoMBI) method for visualization of PLAP‐expressing tissues/organs. In embryos whose endogenous alkaline phosphatase activities were heat‐inactivated, PLAP staining visualized various tissue‐specific enhancer/promoter activities in a manner consistent with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence. Furthermore, PLAP staining appeared to be more sensitive than GFP fluorescence as a reporter, and the resulting expression patterns were not mosaic, in striking contrast to the mosaic staining pattern of β‐galactosidase expressed from the lacZ gene that was introduced by the same transgenesis method. Owing to efficient penetration of alkaline phosphatase substrates, PLAP activity was detected in deep tissues, such as the developing brain, spinal cord, heart, and somites, by whole‐mount staining. The stained embryos were analyzed by the CoMBI method, resulting in the digital reconstruction of 3D images of the PLAP‐expressing tissues. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the PLAP reporter system for detecting enhancer/promoter activities driving deep tissue expression and its combination with the CoMBI method as a powerful approach for 3D digital imaging analysis of specific tissue/organ structures in Xenopus embryos.
Association between sun exposure habits and disease progression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wu Jing , Olsson Tomas , Alfredsson Lars , Hedström Anna Karin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeHigher latitude has been associated with increased occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and with more severe disease. The aim was to study the impact of sun exposure habits on MS disease progression and health‐related quality of life.MethodsPatients from a population‐based case–control study were categorized based on sun exposure habits at diagnosis and were followed up to 15 years post‐diagnosis through the Swedish MS registry (n = 3314) with regard to changes in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Linear mixed models were used to analyse long‐term changes, while Cox regression models, with 95% confidence intervals, were used to investigate outcomes, including 24‐week confirmed diasability worsening, EDSS3, EDSS4, and physical worsening as measured by the physical component of the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29.ResultsCompared to average sun exposure (median value), low exposure to sunlight was associated with faster EDSS progression, increased risk of confirmed disability worsening (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48, 95% CI 1.21–1.81), increased risk of reaching EDSS 3 (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02–1.79), EDSS 4 (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.01–2.20) and self‐reported physical worsening (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.00–1.62). Significant trends revealed a lower risk of unfavourable outcomes with increasing sun exposure.ConclusionsVery low levels of sun exposure are associated with worse disease progression and health‐related quality of life in patients with MS.
Epilepsy and the risk of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization and death: A population study
Authors: Strafford Huw , Hollinghurst Joe , Lacey Arron S. , Akbari Ashley , Watkins Alan , Paterson Jan , Jennings Daniel , Lyons Ronan A. , Powell H. Robert , Kerr Michael P. , Chin Richard F. , Pickrell William O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivePeople with epilepsy (PWE) may be at an increased risk of severe COVID‐19. It is important to characterize this risk to inform PWE and for future health and care planning. We assessed whether PWE were at higher risk of being hospitalized with, or dying from, COVID‐19.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using linked, population‐scale, anonymized electronic health records from the SAIL (Secure Anonymised Information Linkage) databank. This includes hospital admission and demographic data for the complete Welsh population (3.1 million) and primary care records for 86% of the population. We identified 27 279 PWE living in Wales during the study period (March 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021). Controls were identified using exact 5:1 matching (sex, age, and socioeconomic status). We defined COVID‐19 deaths as having International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD‐10) codes for COVID‐19 on death certificates or occurring within 28 days of a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. COVID‐19 hospitalizations were defined as having a COVID‐19 ICD‐10 code for the reason for admission or occurring within 28 days of a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR test. We recorded COVID‐19 vaccinations and comorbidities known to increase the risk of COVID‐19 hospitalization and death. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios.ResultsThere were 158 (.58%) COVID‐19 deaths and 933 (3.4%) COVID‐19 hospitalizations in PWE, and 370 (.27%) deaths and 1871 (1.4%) hospitalizations in controls. Hazard ratios for COVID‐19 death and hospitalization in PWE compared to controls were 2.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.78–2.59) and 2.15 (95% CI = 1.94–2.37), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios (adjusted for comorbidities) for death and hospitalization were 1.32 (95% CI = 1.08–1.62) and 1.60 (95% CI = 1.44–1.78).SignificancePWE are at increased risk of being hospitalized with, and dying from, COVID‐19 when compared to age‐, sex‐, and deprivation‐matched controls, even when adjusting for comorbidities. This may have implications for prioritizing future COVID‐19 treatments and vaccinations for PWE.
Introduction to a special section: Racial disparities in health care
Authors: Wamboldt Marianne Z. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPapers in the Special Section on Racial Disparities in Health Care stemmed from. the 60th Anniversary of Family Process Conference, The Heart of the Matter: Systemic Imperatives to Address Health Disparities and Racism in the Time of COVID, which took place in Washington, DC in September 2021. Of the 12 presenters at the conference, these four were asked to recreate their talks into articles. They address key issues that help to explain health disparities in people of color, particularly African Americans, in the United States, as well as suggest innovations to clinical interventions and health care delivery systems to better serve people who have suffered adversity from the racial inequities in the American system.
Association between bone health and dynapenic obesity in postmenopausal women
Authors: Nakano Wataru , Ozaki Etsuko , Kato Michitaka , Tsukamoto Toshiya , Ono Shintaro , Tomida Satomi , Kuriyama Nagato , Koyama Teruhide 
Published: March 2024

AimThe combination of dynapenia (age‐related muscle weakness) and obesity is referred to as dynapenic obesity. We examined the associations between dynapenic obesity and cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone density.MethodsThe participants were 797 community‐dwelling postmenopausal women (with an average age of 62.5 years) who were stratified into normopenia without obesity, dynapenia without obesity (dynapenia), normopenia with obesity (obesity) and dynapenia with obesity (dynapenia obesity) groups based on their grip strength and body fat percentage. Cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone density were measured using ultrasonic bone densitometry. The participants were further divided into those with low cortical bone thickness and low trabecular bone density. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors.ResultsIndividuals with dynapenia (odds ratio [OR] 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–2.68), obesity (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.62–3.75) and dynapenic obesity (OR 4.07, 95% CI 2.44–6.79) all significantly increased the odds of low cortical bone thickness. Conversely, the odds of low trabecular bone density were significantly lower in the obesity group (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43–0.99) and dynapenic obesity group (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.97).ConclusionsDynapenic obesity was found to be associated with cortical bone thinning that might compromise bone health. Postmenopausal women with dynapenic obesity might need to be closely monitored for preserving bone health. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 378–384.
Test–retest reliability of a mobile application of the patient reported outcomes burdens and experiences (PROBE) study
Authors: Curtis Randall , Wu Joanne , Iorio Alfonso , Frick Neil , Nichol Michael , Noone Declan , O'Mahony Brian , Page David , Stonebraker Jeffrey , Kucher Alexandra , Clearfield Elizabeth , Skinner Mark W. , Germini Federico 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe Patient Reported Outcomes, Burdens, and Experiences (PROBE) questionnaire is a patient‐reported outcome tool that assesses quality of life and disease burden in people with haemophilia (PWH).AimTo assesses the test–retest reliability of PROBE when completed using the mobile phone application.MethodsWe recruited PWH, including carriers, and individuals with no bleeding disorders who attended haemophilia‐related workshops or via social media. Participants completed PROBE three times (twice on the app: T1 and T2, and once on the web, T3). Test–retest reliability was analysed for T1 versus T2 (app to app, time period one) and T2 versus T3 (app to web, time period two).ResultsWe enrolled 48 participants (median age = 56 [range 27–78] years). Eighteen participants (37.5%) were PWH and seven (14.6%) were carriers. On general health domain questions, we found almost perfect agreement, except for a question on the frequency of use of pain medication in the last 12 months [Kappa coefficient (κ) .72 and .37 for time period one and two, respectively] and any use of pain medications (κ .75) for time period two. For haemophilia‐related questions, we found substantial to perfect agreement, except for the questions on the number of joint bleeds in the previous 6 months for time period one (κ .49) and the number of bleeds in the previous two weeks for time period two (κ .34).ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the reliability of the PROBE app. The app can be used interchangeably with the paper and web platforms for PROBE administration.
RETRACTED: Effect of two different modalities of hysterectomy on wound infection and wound dehiscence in obese patients
Authors: Long Ling , He Xuan , Liu Yuyang , Lei Cuirong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research intended to investigate the influence of the operation of both kinds of hysterectomies in the risk of wound infection and the degree of wound dehiscence. Both of them were open field and laparoscope. In this research, we looked into four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library. Research was conducted on various operative methods for hysterectomy in obese patients between 2000 and October 2023. Two independent investigators performed an independent review of the data, established the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and managed the results with Endnote software. It also evaluated the quality of the included literature. Finally, the data were analysed with RevMan 5.3. This study involved 874 cases, 387 cases received laparoscopy and 487 cases received open access operation. Our findings indicate that there is a significant reduction in the rate of post‐operative wound infection among those who have received laparoscopy compared with who have received open surgical procedures (odds ratio [OR], 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.15; p < 0.001); There was no statistical difference between the rate of post‐operative wound dehiscence and those who received laparotomy compared with those who received open surgical procedures (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.10–1.11; p = 0.07); The estimated amount of blood lost during the operation was less in the laparoscopy group compared with the open procedure (mean difference, −123.72; 95% CI, −215.16 to −32.28; p = 0.008). Generally speaking, the application of laparoscopy to overweight women who have had a hysterectomy results in a reduction in the expected amount of bleeding during surgery and a reduction in the risk of post‐operative wound infections.
Phylogenetic origin of an insect fauna at the boundary of the Palaearctic and Oriental realms: Evidence from ‘site‐based’ mitogenomics
Authors: Nie Rui‐E , Li Lu‐Lu , Feijó Anderson , Yang Mei‐Xia , Bai Ming , Creedy Thomas J. , Jin Xu , Hao Jia‐Sheng , Ruan Yong‐Ying , Liu Hua‐Xi , Garner Beulah H. , Bocak Ladislav , Yang Xing‐Ke , Vogler Alfried P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimKnowledge of taxonomy and species distributions in highly diverse lineages of invertebrates remains too incomplete for the study of biogeographical patterns at the global scale. This limits the understanding of processes leading to the formation and maintenance of boundaries between major biogeographical realms. Site‐based metagenomic approaches may provide an alternative source of data for inference of historical processes of in situ speciation and interchange among biogeographical regions. We applied the methodology to explore the historical biogeography of the Qinling Mountains at the boundary of the Oriental and Palaearctic regions.LocationThe focal area in the Qinling Mountains; sites in Borneo, Panama, and Spain, representing the Oriental, Neotropical and Palaearctic faunas.Time PeriodContemporary.Major Taxa StudiedChrysomelidae, a group of ~40,000 species with worldwide distribution.MethodsMass‐trapped insects were subjected to deep Illumina DNA sequencing and mitochondrial genome assembly, followed by phylogenetic analysis and historical biogeographical inference on a dated tree. The methodology produced 622 mitogenomes (304 newly sequenced) each representing a morphologically distinct species.ResultsAncestral area reconstruction revealed that the Qinling fauna is a composite of distinct clades that, respectively, have Oriental or Palaearctic ancient origins, while in situ speciation and local clade formation were limited. The global diversity of Chrysomelidae consists of regionalised deep clades at the level of the major zoogeographic realms, which remain recognisable where these realms abut in the Qinling mountains. Yet, the Qinling fauna is clearly distinct from the source areas although local lineage ages are generally <20 Ma.Main ConclusionsThe Qinling fauna is a composite of clades that have either Oriental or Palaearctic origin, indicating the important role of immigration at the realm boundary. Global site‐based phylogenetic analyses based on metagenomic sequencing can address previously intractable questions about the historical biogeography of poorly studied groups even without a fully developed taxonomy.