bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphical etch patterns on the
rhombohedral cleavages of natural quartz
crystals
Authors: Joshi M. S. , Paul Baby K. 
Published: December 2006

Summary
Rhombohedral cleavage faces of quartz have
been etched hydrothermally and with fused KOH.
Stratigraphical etch patterns were observed on
isolated cleavages, matched cleavage faces, and
opposite sides of a thin flake. The angle between
the ()
cleavage plane and the planes responsible for the
stratigraphical patterns was almost equal to the
interfacial angle, 46° 16′ between adjacent
rhombohedral faces. It is concluded that the
stratigraphical patterns formed by preferential
etching reveal the edges of weak planes deposited
during growth. The implications are
discussed.
Carbonate enrichment at the margins of a basic dyke, Ardnamurcha
Authors: Wells M. K. , Smith A. C. S. , Bowles J. F. W. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryA gradational increase in concentration of CO2 towards the margins of a very fine-grained basalt dyke has led to the development of a pale marginal facies, enriched in carbonates, particularly siderite. Increases in CO2 from about 3 % in the interior of the dyke to 8 % at the margins are accompanied by decreases in SiO2 and Fe2O3, increases in Al2O3, and less significant changes in the other major components. Cu, Co, and Zn change only slightly, and Cr, Ni, and Li remain constant. Petrographic variation is considerable, even in the superficially homogeneous interior of the dyke, in which it ranges from a type containing a titanaugite (analysed) to one devoid of pyroxene, but containing conspicuous opaque minerals. Microprobe analysis for Fe and Ti shows that these comprise: cotahedral titaniferous magnetite; rodlets, less than 1 µm thick, of rutile partly altered to, or overgrown by, ilmenite; and sub-opaque patches with a very low Ti/Fe ratio. Plagioclase, An55, is the most abundant and constant crystalline phase in the interior of the dyke, but changes to An20 in the marginal facies. Mineral-content of the latter, deduced from optical, chemical, and X-ray data, also includes siderite, serpentine and clay minerals, leucoxene, and apatite. There is no evidence of quartz, sericite, or calcite.Petrographic evidence shows that variations in concentrations of CO2 and H2O affected phase equilibria from the start of magmatic crystallization. Data on the fO2 required for TiO2 and Fe-oxide phases to co-exist at magmatic temperatures indicate that, initially, the concentrations of CO2 and H2O in the interior of the dyke were higher than the values recorded in analyses of the rocks. From this evidence and the field relationships, it is concluded that the intruding magma was rich in volatiles, which diffused towards the dyke margins and, in part, became trapped as the magma congealed, producing a changed marginal assemblage of minerals. The dyke provides a unique glimpse of influences on a basic magma exerted by what S. J. Shand has aptly termed the ‘fugitive constituents’, the transient effects of which are rarely preserved in the rocks.
Manganese minerals in geodes from Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: Finkelman Robert B. , Evans Howard T. , Matzko John J. 
Published: December 2006

SummarySeven manganese minerals have been observed in geodes from Chihuahua, Mexico. Ramsdellite occurs in a number of different habits, but the morphology and precession X-ray patterns suggest that it is pseudomorphous after groutite. Pyrolusite is found only in association with rams-dellite and is believed to be an alteration product of that mineral. Todorokite generally occurs as a late-stage fibrous overgrowth in many of the geodes. Ranciéite, birnessite, hollandite, and cryptomelane are present in trace amounts. This assemblage of manganese minerals is typical of supergene mineralization.
Tantal-aeschynite, a new mineral of the aeschynite group from the Borborema region, north-eastern Brazil
Authors: Adusumilli Maria S. , Kieft C. , Burke E. A. J. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryTantal-aeschynite occurs as idiomorphic metamict crystals in the Raposa pegmatite at São José do Sabugí, Paraíba State, NE. Brazil. Morphological data, microscopic properties, and differential thermal analysis results are given. Electron-microprobe analyses yielded a formula: {Ca0·28(Yt,Ln)0·425(Th,U)0·11}(Ta0·75Ti0·62Nb0·595Fe0·05)O6. Yttrium is the predominant rare-earth element, with cerium and neodymium as most abundant lanthanides. The tantal-aeschynite unit cell has (after heating) a 5·34, b 10·97, c 7·38 Å. An indexed X-ray powder pattern (similar to that of aeschynite) is presented.
Magnesian collinsite from Milgun Station, Western Australia
Authors: Bridge P. J. , Pryce M. W. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryAn occurrence of magnesian collinsite has been found with other rare phosphates in a variscite deposit in semi-desert 15 km NW. of Milgun Station homestead (25° 6′ S., 118° 18′ E.), Western Australia. The collinsite occurs as tapering white 3-mm prisms, mammillated aggregates, and thin veinlets in cavities in mudstone. The crystals have two good cleavages, D2.93, subvitreous lustre, H4–5, white streak and are brittle. Optical properties α 1·632, β 1·642, γ 1·657, 2Vγ , ≈ 80°. The mineral is triclinic with a 5·734, b 6·780, c 5·441 Å, α97·29° β 108·56°, γ 107·28°. X-ray powder data given, the lines are similar to P.D.F. card 14–314 but new cell gives better indexing. Chemical analysis by F. R. W. Lindsey gave FeO 0·07, MgO 11·3, CaO 35·2, Na2O 0·01, K2O 0·02, P2O5 41·2, H2O+10·7, H2O− 0·15, F0·02, SiO2 (quartz impurity) 1·31, Al, Mn, Zn, SO3 not detected, net sum 99·97, close to Ca2Mg(PO4)2.2H2O, after deduction of moisture and quartz impurity. Typical specimens are preserved at the Government Chemical Laboratories, Perth, Western Australia.
High-iron bustamite and fluorapatite from the Broken Hill mine, New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Harada K. , Sekino H. , Nagashima K. , Watanabe T. , Momoi H. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryHigh-iron bustamite and apatite occur as subhedral large crystals up to 1 to 2 cm wide and 10 cm long in close association with spessartine in the disseminated sphalerite- and galena-bearing diopside-roepperite-calcite skarn at the New Broken Hill Consolidated mine (N.B.H.S.), New South Wales, Australia. Complete chemical analyses of the minerals have been made, together with physical, optical, and X-ray studies.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis and Optical Resolution of Planar Chiral Rotaxane
Authors: Makita Yoshimasa , Kihara Nobuhiro , Nakakoji Naohisa , Takata Toshikazu , Inagaki Shinji , Yamamoto Chiyo , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Planar chiral rotaxanes were synthesized from crown ether and secondary ammonium salt via trialkylphosphane-catalyzed acylative end-capping. Their optical resolution was achieved by chiral HPLC after acylative neutralization of the ammonium group. When optically active trialkylphosphane 2 was used as the chiral acylation catalyst, optically active rotaxane (4.4% ee) was obtained.
DABTZ as a New Reagent for Solid Phase Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amount of Hg(II) in Water Sample
Authors: Soleimani Majid , Morsali Ali , Khani Azam 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel sensitive and simple method for rapid and selective extraction, preconcentration and determination of mercury as its 2,2′ diamino‐4,42′ bithiazole (DABTZ) complex by using octadecylsilica cartridges and spectrophotometry is presented. Extraction efficiency and the influence of flow rates of sample solution and eluent, pH, amount of DABTZ, type and least amount of eluent for elution of mercury complex from cartridges, break through volume and limit of detection were evaluated. Also the effects of various cationic and anionic interferences on percent recovery of mercury were studied. Average extraction efficiency >90% was obtained by elution of the cartridge with minimal amount of solvent in the presence of interferences. A preconcentration factor of 152 and a detection limit of 10.92 ng mL‐1 were obtained. The method was applied to the recovery and determination of mercury in different water samples.
Hematologic reference values for African American children and adolescents
Authors: Robins Edwin B. , Blum Steve 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAnemia is prevalent among African American children. When evaluating pediatric patients for anemia, clinicians refer to the normative hematological reference values in reference textbooks. These reference values are used in spite of evidence that healthy African American people of all ages have average hemoglobin concentrations from 0.5 to 0.73 g/dl below those of Whites. In an earlier study, using samples from 2,161 healthy African American children from 2 to 18 years old, we found a statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the mean hemoglobin value for each age group as compared to reference normative mean hemoglobin values. Here we present the results of a comparative analysis of the data set from our previous study and the data set from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys III (NHANES III) 1988–1994. We found no statistically significant difference between these data sets with respect to the hemoglobin values for any age or sex group, confirming that African American children and adolescents have lower mean hemoglobin values than do Whites. Use of the reference hemoglobin values presented here will help prevent the misdiagnosis of anemia in African American children and thereby minimize unnecessary hematological workups and treatment. Am. J. Hematol. 82: 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Argentine population genetic structure: Large variance in Amerindian contribution
Authors: Seldin Michael F. , Tian Chao , Shigeta Russell , Scherbarth Hugo R. , Silva Gabriel , Belmont John W. , Kittles Rick , Gamron Susana , Allevi Alberto , Palatnik Simon A. , Alvarellos Alejandro , Paira Sergio , Caprarulo Cesar , Guillerón Carolina , Catoggio Luis J. , Prigione Cristina , Berbotto Guillermo A. , García Mercedes A. , Perandones Carlos E. , Pons‐Estel Bernardo A. , Alarcon‐Riquelme Marta E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractArgentine population genetic structure was examined using a set of 78 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) to assess the contributions of European, Amerindian, and African ancestry in 94 individuals members of this population. Using the Bayesian clustering algorithm STRUCTURE, the mean European contribution was 78%, the Amerindian contribution was 19.4%, and the African contribution was 2.5%. Similar results were found using weighted least mean square method: European, 80.2%; Amerindian, 18.1%; and African, 1.7%. Consistent with previous studies the current results showed very few individuals (four of 94) with greater than 10% African admixture. Notably, when individual admixture was examined, the Amerindian and European admixture showed a very large variance and individual Amerindian contribution ranged from 1.5 to 84.5% in the 94 individual Argentine subjects. These results indicate that admixture must be considered when clinical epidemiology or case control genetic analyses are studied in this population. Moreover, the current study provides a set of informative SNPs that can be used to ascertain or control for this potentially hidden stratification. In addition, the large variance in admixture proportions in individual Argentine subjects shown by this study suggests that this population is appropriate for future admixture mapping studies. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Landmark‐based shape analysis of the archaic Homo calvarium from Ceprano (Italy)
Authors: Bruner Emiliano , Manzi Giorgio 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Ceprano calvarium represents one of the most important sources of information about both the dynamics of the earliest hominid dispersal toward Europe and the evolution of the genus Homo in the early‐to‐middle Pleistocene. In this paper, the midsagittal vault profile and the 3D frontal bone morphology of Ceprano are investigated comparatively, using landmark coordinates and Procrustes superimposition. In fact, despite the fact that the skull appears partially distorted by diagenetic pressures (thus precluding a comprehensive landmark‐based analysis), some aspects of the overall morphology are suitable for consideration in terms of geometric morphometrics. The midsagittal profile shows an archaic shape, comparable with the H. ergaster/erectus range of variation because of the fronto‐parietal flattening, the development of the supraorbital and nuchal structures, and the occurrence of a slightly larger occipital bone. By contrast, the frontal bone displays a derived 3D shape that, mostly because of the widening of the frontal squama, appears comparable with the Afro‐European variation of the Middle Pleistocene (i.e., H. heidelbergensis/rhodesiensis). Taking into account the unique morphological pattern displayed by Ceprano, its role as a link between early Homo and the Middle Pleistocene populations of Europe and Africa is not falsified. Thus, when aspects of the Ceprano's morphology are described within the analytical framework provided by geometric morphometrics, the relationships between Ceprano and the subsequent Afro‐European fossil record are emphasized, suggesting the occurrence of an ancestral stock of H. heidelbergensis/rhodesiensis that is properly represented by the Italian specimen. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of tumor‐derived proinflammatory cytokines GM‐CSF, TNF‐α, and IL‐12 in the migration and differentiation of antigen‐presenting cells in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Zijlmans Henry J.M.A.A. , Fleuren Gert Jan , Baelde Hans J. , Eilers Paul H.C. , Kenter Gemma G. , Gorter Arko 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Proinflammatory cytokines are important in modifying the activity, differentiation, and migration of antigen‐presenting cells and may influence the survival of cancer patients. The study assessed whether GM‐CSF, TNF‐α, and IL‐12, produced by cervical cancer cells, are important for the activity, differentiation, and migration of antigen‐presenting cells.METHODS.In 90 patients with cervical carcinoma the number of monocytes/tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM), mature dendritic cells (DC), and Langerhans cells (LHC) was determined using immunohistochemistry. An RNA in situ hybridization technique was used to measure the expression level of GM‐CSF, TNF‐α, IL‐12p35, and IL‐12p40.RESULTS.TAM were detected intraepithelial as well as in the stroma of the tumor. LHC were only detected intraepithelial and mature DC only in the tumor stroma. The number of TAM correlated positively with the number of mature DC. The expression levels of GM‐CSF and TNF‐α correlated positively with the number of TAM and DC. TNF‐α showed a negative correlation with the number of LHC. A significant correlation between the expression of functional IL‐12 (IL‐12p40) and stromal TAM was found. The expression of GM‐CSF, TNF‐α, and IL‐12p40 did not correlate significantly with disease‐free survival. However, high IL‐12p40 expression was associated with a favorable cumulative overall survival.CONCLUSIONS.The results suggest that GM‐CSF as well as TNF‐α, produced by cervical carcinoma cells, may play a role in the differentiation of monocytes into mature DC. Furthermore, TNF‐α may influence the migration of LHC from the tumor. Cancer 2007;109:556–565. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Celecoxib inhibits meningioma tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model
Authors: Ragel Brian T. , Jensen Randy L. , Gillespie David L. , Prescott Stephen M. , Couldwell William T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Treatments for recurrent meningiomas are limited. We previously demonstrated universal expression of COX‐2 in meningiomas and dose‐dependent growth inhibition in vitro with celecoxib, a COX‐2 inhibitor. We therefore tested the effects of celecoxib on meningioma growth in a mouse xenograft model.METHODS.Meningioma cell lines (IOMM‐Lee, CH157‐MN, WHO grade I primary cultured tumor) were transplanted into flanks of nude mice fed mouse chow with celecoxib at varying concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500 ppm) ad libitum. Tumors were measured biweekly and processed for MIB‐1, Factor VIII, COX‐2, and VEGF, and assayed with transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick‐end labeling (TUNEL).RESULTS.Celecoxib reduced growth of mean tumor volume by 66% (P < .05), 25% (P > .05), and 65% (P < .05) compared with untreated controls in IOMM‐Lee, CH157‐MN, and benign tumors, respectively. IOMM‐Lee tumors removed from celecoxib treatment regained a growth rate similar to the control. Blood vessel density decreased and apoptotic cells increased in treated flank tumors. Diminished COX‐2 expression and VEGF were observed in treated IOMM‐Lee tumors. Mean plasma celecoxib levels were 845, 1540, and 2869 ng/mL, for low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose celecoxib, respectively.CONCLUSIONS.Celecoxib inhibits meningioma growth in vivo at plasma levels achievable in humans. Celecoxib‐treated tumors were less vascular with increased apoptosis. IOMM‐Lee tumors treated with celecoxib showed decreased COX‐2 and VEGF expression. COX‐2 inhibitors may have a role in the treatment of recurrent meningiomas. Cancer 2007;109:588–597. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Fabrication of Self‐Assembled Tris(1,10‐phenanthroline) ruthenium/12‐Molybdophosphoric Acid Films with Bifunctional Electrocatalytic and Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Ma Huiyuan , Dong Tao , Wang Gang , Zhang Wei , Wang Fuping , Wang Xiaodan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe thin films containing transition metal complex tris(1,10‐phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) Ru(phen)3Cl2 (abbr Ru(phen)3, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline), and 12‐molybdophosphoric acid [PMo12O40]3− (abbr PMo12) were fabricated on quartz, silicon and ITO substrates by layer‐by‐layer (LBL) method. The LBL films were characterized by the UV‐vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The films can catalyze both the reduction of ClO$\rm{ {_{3}^{-}}}$, BrO$\rm{ {_{3}^{-}}}$, IO$\rm{ {_{3}^{-}}}$, and the oxidation of C2O$\rm{ {_{4}^{2-}}}$ due to the presence of bifunctional composite, and the redox potentials depend on pH as a result of protonation. The photoluminescence of films were also investigated. The films exhibited photoluminescence arising from π*–t2g ligand‐to‐metal transition of Ru(phen)3.
Impedance Investigations of Amperometric Gas Sensor Containing Aprotic Solvent
Authors: Gębicki J. , Chachulski B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe authors designed an amperometric gas sensor employing a three‐electrode system, with gold working electrode vacuum sublimation deposited directly on Nafion membrane. The paper presents the results of investigations on static characteristics of a sulfur dioxide sensor with the internal electrolytes containing various dimethylsulfoxide/water ratio. Impedance data were analyzed using an electrical equivalent circuit in order to evaluate its particular elements.
Electrooxidation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines at a Ni,Al Based Hydrotalcite Modified Electrode
Authors: Carpani Irene , Tonelli Domenica 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe electrocatalytic oxidation of a wide series of aliphatic and aromatic amines was investigated in alkaline solutions at a gold electrode modified with a Ni,Al based hydrotalcite. All the amino compounds, with the exception of pyridine, were detected by the amperometric sensor. Chronoamperometric measurements at a rotating disk allowed us to use the same modified electrode for sequential analysis of several analytes in order to investigate the factors affecting the electrochemical response. By varying the characteristics of the substrate, parameters like steric hindrance, kind of amino group, and number of oxidizable sites have been studied. The concentration ranges, where the amperometric response was linear, have been determined for the amines investigated.
Electrochemical Immunoanalysis for Carcinoembryonic Antigen Based on Multilayer Architectures of Gold Nanoparticles and Polycation Biomimetic Interface on Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Fu Yingzi , Yuan Ruo , Chai Yaqin , Zhang Ying , Peng Yungui 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembly process of chitosan (CTS) and gold nanoparticles (Au) on the pretreated negatively charged glassy carbon (GC) electrode to fabricate electrochemistry immunosensor with a nontoxic biomimetic interface, which provided an environment similar to a native system and allowed more freedom in orientation for immobilization of carcinoembryonic antibody (anti‐CEA) to monitor carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). UV‐vis spectroscope, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurements were used to follow the multilayer film formation. The performance of the biominetic interface and factors influencing the assay system were investigated in detail. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current response is used for the CEA concentration assay. The dynamic range was from 0.50 to 80.00 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.27 ng mL−1 at 3σ. In addition, the experiment results indicate that immobilization described in this proposed method exhibits a good sensitivity, selectivity, and stability.
Developmental toxic effects of ethylbenzene or toluene alone and in combination with butyl acetate in rats after inhalation exposure
Authors: Saillenfait Anne‐Marie , Gallissot Frédéric , Sabaté Jean‐Philippe , Bourges‐Abella Nathalie , Muller Samuel 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFirst, the developmental toxic potential of n‐butyl acetate (BA) was examined in Sprague‐Dawley rats following whole body inhalation exposure, 6 h day−1, from day 6 to 20 of gestation, at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm. Maternal toxicity was evidenced by significant decreases in body weight gain at 2000 and 3000 ppm, and by reduced food consumption at 1000 ppm and higher concentrations. The effects on prenatal development were limited to a significant decrease in fetal weight at 3000 ppm. Thus, inhaled BA was not a selective developmental toxicant.In the second part of this study, the developmental toxic effects of simultaneous exposures to ethylbenzene (EB) and BA, or to toluene (TOL) and BA were evaluated. Pregnant rats were administered EB (0, 250 or 1000 ppm) and BA (0, 500 or 1500 ppm), or TOL (0, 500 or 1500 ppm) and BA (0, 500, 1500 ppm), separately and in combinations, using a 2 × 2 factorial design. The maternal weight gain was reduced after exposure to 1000 ppm EB, to 1500 ppm BA, or to 1500 ppm TOL, either alone or in binary combinations. A significant reduction of fetal weight was associated with exposure to 1000 ppm EB alone, to either mixtures of EB with BA, or to 1500 ppm TOL alone or combined with BA at either concentration. No embryolethal or teratogenic effects were observed whatever the exposure.There was no evidence of interaction between EB and BA or between TOL and BA in causing maternal or developmental effects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deconvolution of pure component FT‐Raman spectra from thermal emission of barium sulfate and graphite samples using the BTEM algorithm
Authors: Srilakshmi Ch. , Widjaja E. , Garland M. , Anderson B. G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBand‐target entropy minimization (BTEM) was applied for the extraction of pure component Raman spectra from samples exhibiting a significant thermal background due to sample emission. In this method, singular value decomposition was first used to calculate the right singular vectors of the spectroscopic data matrix. Then the non‐noise right singular vectors were examined for localized spectral features, which were subsequently used for spectral recovery. These local features were targeted with the BTEM algorithm to recover the pure component Raman spectra. Accordingly, the interfering thermal background was removed. This method of analysis is applied to graphite and barium sulfate Raman spectroscopic data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.