bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative buffy coat analysis of blood collected from dogs, cats, and horses
Authors: Levine Robert A. , Hart Allan H. , Wardlaw Stephen C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Using quantitative buffy coat analysis (qbca), rapid and accurate measurements can be made of the erythrocyte pcv, total wbc count, and platelet count, and the leukocyte population can be differentiated into total granulocytes (including quantitation of eosinophils), and lymphocytes and monocytes. The qbca is performed by placing a blood sample (50 to 111 μl) into a high-precision-bore microhematocrit tube that contains a freely moving, closely fitting, cylindrical plastic float. After centrifugation for 5 minutes, the buffy coat components separate by density. The plastic cylinder floats in the buffy coat, thereby expanding the lengths of the buffy coat layers. The layers are measured in a manner that is similar to that used for measuring pcv. Results of qbca of blood samples from dogs, cats, and horses indicated that the hematologic values obtained correlated with results obtained by use of conventional methods. The accuracy and ease of use of qbca and the availability of results while the animal is still being examined make qbca a useful tool for hematologic evaluation of animals.
Ophthalmic complications following megavoltage irradiation of the nasal and paranasal cavities in dogs
Authors: Roberts Steven M. , Lavach J. D. , Severin Glenn A. , Withrow Stephen J. , Gillette Edward L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Megavoltage x-radiation was used to treat orbital, nasal, and paranasal cavity malignant neoplasia in 29 dogs. In each instance, the globe and adnexal tissues were within the treatment portals (entry and/or exit). Doses administered to tumors ranged from 3,680 to 5,000 cGy. Ocular reactions after irradiation were classified as mild in 5 of 29 cases (17.2%) and severe in 17 of 29 cases (58.6%). No ocular complications were noticed in 7 of 29 cases (24.1%). Complications frequently noticed included severe keratitis (41%), mild conjunctivitis (34%), severe conjunctivitis (28%), cataract (28%), and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (24%). Ocular complications that developed were not life threatening, but posed a threat to visual function and patient quality of life. Treatment for the complications included control of bacterial infection, reduction of tissue inflammation, and ocular surface protection when tear film deficiencies were noticed. Mild complications represented acute effects of irradiation, and typically resolved. Severe complications developed both acutely and as late irradiation effects. Those attributed to late irradiation effects were more vision threatening and altered the quality of life more than did the early effects.
Intraoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate gland in ten dogs
Authors: Turrel Jane M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Ten dogs with carcinoma of the prostate gland were treated with intraoperative orthovoltage radiotherapy (radiation therapy to surgically exposed tumors). Seven dogs had tumor growth confined to the prostate gland and urethra, and 3 dogs had carcinoma of the prostate gland and regional lymph node involvement. Total radiation doses delivered to the prostate gland of 9 dogs and the affected regional lymph nodes of 3 dogs, using orthovoltage x-rays, ranged from 20 to 30 Gy. Carcinoma of the prostate gland of one dog was intraoperatively irradiated to 15 Gy and was then given a boost of 40 Gy, using cobalt-60 teletherapy.
Survival time ranged from 41 to 750 days after intraoperative radiotherapy. Median and mean survival times for all dogs were 114 and 196 days, respectively. The median survival time for 7 dogs with localized prostatic carcinoma was 180 days, which was longer, but not significantly longer (P = 0.09), than the median survival time of 80 days in 3 dogs having prostatic carcinoma and metastatic disease.
Intraoperative radiotherapy was tolerated well and caused complete response in 5 dogs. However, surgical complications in 2 dogs, which had subtotal lymphadenectomy or prostatic biopsy performed concurrently at the time of irradiation, resulted ultimately in their deaths. The 2 other dogs with metastatic disease and 1 dog without metastatic disease also had poor response to treatment.
Our results indicated that intraoperative radiotherapy is an effective treatment for localized prostatic carcinoma in the dog.
Histopathologic features of pyotraumatic dermatitis
Authors: Reinke Susan I. , Stannard Anthony A. , Ihrke Peter J. , Reinke Jerome D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The skin of 17 dogs with pyotraumatic dermatitis was studied microscopically. Two patterns were seen. The first pattern was a superficial, ulcerative, inflammatory process of undetermined cause and pathogenesis. Current recommended treatment, which includes corticosteroids, was believed to be appropriate for such lesions. The second pattern, suppurative folliculitis, was considered to be localized pyoderma. Dogs with severe folliculitis were believed to represent those cases of pyotraumatic dermatitis in which the response to corticosteroid treatment has been poor. It was concluded that antibiotics should be used for treating pyotraumatic dermatitis with suppurative folliculitis, in lesions responding poorly to treatment with corticosteroids, or possibly in any severe lesion of pyotraumatic dermatitis, especially in Golden Retrievers and Saint Bernards.
Urinary bladder fibromas in dogs: 51 cases (1981-1985)
Authors: Esplin D. Glen 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Between Jan 1, 1981, and June 30, 1985, fibromas were diagnosed in tissues removed from the urinary bladders of 51 dogs. Hematuria, the most common clinical sign, was associated with the fibromas in 47 of 50 cases. Most dogs responded well to surgical excision of the neoplasms, with rapid resolution of the hematuria followed by long periods without abnormal clinical signs. Three dogs were euthanatized because of continuing or recurrent clinical problems, which included bladder dysfunction. One dog required continuing medication with antibiotics and corticosteroids to control hematuria.
Primary degenerative joint disease of the shoulder in a colony of Beagles
Authors: Morgan Joe P. , Pool Roy R. , Miyabayashi Takayoshi 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Shoulder joints of 149 Beagles over 8 years old at the time of death (mean age, 13.8 years, ± 3.21), were examined radiographically throughout their lifetimes for the frequency of degenerative joint disease (djd). Clinical histories revealed no underlying cause for djd. The shoulder joints of a subgroup of 18 dogs were examined at necropsy, and thin sections of the joints were evaluated radiographically and histologically. Serial clinical radiographic studies indicated that normal shoulder joint development during the first year of life was followed by the appearance of subchondral bone sclerosis and bony remodeling of normal joint contour, and by the formation of periarticular osteophytes and enthesiophytes. All changes were progressive with age and typical for djd in dogs. Bilateral involvement was common. Evaluation of specimens obtained at necropsy revealed: articular cartilage change with roughening of the surface layer, degeneration and death of superficial chondrocytes, exposure of deeper layers of chondrocytes that had proliferated with fissuring of the damaged cartilage, total cartilage loss with polishing of the exposed subchondral bone, mixed patterns of subchondral bone sclerosis and osteoporosis, change in contour of the articular surfaces, and formation of periarticular osteophytes and enthesiophytes. Joint capsule thickening, synovitis, pannus formation, and synovial chondroma formation were observed. Because of the available clinical information, in addition to the typical changes of djd, it was thought that the changes were primary. Instability appeared to play a role in the pathogenesis of the joint disease described; however, it was not clear whether the instability caused abnormal forces on healthy cartilage or whether the primary cartilage wear caused the instability.
Pseudohyperkalemia in Akitas
Authors: Degen Melisa 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Hyperkalemia was observed in a clinically normal Akita with normal ACTH stimulation test results, endogenous ACTH concentration, and SUN concentration. A diagnosis of pseudohyperkalemia caused by red cell hemolysis was made by comparing plasma potassium content from hemolyzed and nonhemolyzed specimens. Red cell potassium content was measured in 8 Akitas and 6 non-Akita control dogs. Six of 8 Akitas had high erythrocyte potassium content relative to their plasma and to that of the control dogs. Five of eight Akitas had microcytosis. Plasma from affected dogs had high potassium content after being refrigerated in contact with red cells for 4 hours or more. The increase in plasma potassium content was progressive with prolonged contact with the red cells and was accompanied by a decrease in plasma sodium content.
Evaluation of some prognostic factors for advanced multicentric lymphosarcoma in the dog: 147 cases (1978-1981)
Authors: MacEwen E. Gregory , Hayes Audrey A. , Matus Robert E. , Kurzman Ilene 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A total of 147 dogs treated with a combination of chemotherapy procedure (vincristine, l-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate) were evaluated for response to therapy and the influence of age, sex, clinical stage, and body weight to duration of response. Complete response was achieved in 113 dogs (77%), partial response in 26 dogs (17.7%), and no response in 8 dogs (5.4%). The median survival time for the dogs with complete and partial responses was 265 days. An analysis of factors associated with prognosis revealed that age, clinical stage, and body weight were not associated with response to therapy, whereas sex was. Females had a significantly prolonged remission and survival time (P = 0.0001).
Technique and postoperative management for successful cardiopulmonary bypass and open-heart surgery in dogs
Authors: Klement Petr , del Nido Pedro J. , Mickleborough Lynda , MacKay Cheryl , Klement Giannoula , Wilson Gregory J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Twenty-six healthy mixed-breed dogs (25 to 35 kg) underwent hypothermic (27 C) cardiopulmonary bypass. The heart was arrested with cold (4 C) cardioplegic solution, and left ventriculostomy performed. Postoperative mortality was 11.5% (3/26). Two deaths were attributable to ventricular fibrillation the night after surgery, and one death 2 weeks later was the result of pulmonary embolization. All other dogs recovered promptly and were well at follow-up evaluation 6 weeks later.
The most important considerations were (1) the surgical approach, ie, combining left lateral thoracotomy with cannulation of the right atrium and left femoral artery for cardiopulmonary bypass (cpb) (avoiding median sternotomy and aortic arch perfusion), (2) the adherence to strict criteria for cpb perfusion, consisting of blood flow of at least 2.2 L/m2/min, pcv no less than 25%, gas flow through the oxygenator (97% O2, 3% CO2) of at least 3.5 L/min, maintenance of a mean arterial blood pressure > 60 mm of Hg, and heparinization to maintain activated clotting time over 480 seconds, (3) the use of dipyridamole infusion to preserve platelets during cpb, resulting in decreased postoperative blood loss and (4) the monitoring of cardiac, respiratory, renal, and neurologic functions before, during, and after the operation, with particular emphasis on fluid balance and electrolytes.
We concluded that a high success rate is possible for open-heart surgery in the dog requiring cardiopulmonary bypass, but only through meticulous surgical technique and the combined application of many monitoring techniques, with timely intervention to correct serious departures from homeostasis.
US market for food animal veterinary medical services
Authors: Wise J. Karl 
Published: February 2025

Summary
American agribusiness is undergoing significant change and stress. In the future, agriculture faces continued instability and uncertainty because of ever-changing global economic conditions, rapid technological advances, increasing production efficiencies, shifts in demand for agricultural products, and a growing dependence of US producers on increasingly competitive world markets.
In order to better understand changes and trends facing food animal veterinarians, the AVMA's Executive Board at its March 1986 meeting approved a proposal from the Council on Public Relations for a study of the US food animal market for veterinary medical services.
The objectives of the study were to describe the current market for veterinary medical services, products, and information; determine and explain the demand for food animal veterinary services provided by private practicing veterinarians; and identify markets representing potential demand for which marketing strategies could be developed.
Evaluation of fenbendazole for larvacidal effect in experimentally induced Parascaris equorum infections in pony foals
Authors: Vandermyde C. R. , DiPietro J. A. , Todd K. S. , Lock T. F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fifteen pony foals were inoculated with 1,500 ± 298.7 infective Parascaris equorum eggs. The foals were assigned to 3 treatment groups. Treatments included 10 mg of fenbendazole /kg given once on post-inoculation day (pid) 11, 10 mg of fenbendazole /kg given daily on pid 11 to 15, and no treatment (controls). The foals were euthanatized on pid 25 and examined for P equorum larvae in the small intestine, lungs, and liver. Significantly (P < 0.05) lower mean numbers of P equorum larvae were found in the small intestine of foals treated on pid 11 to 15 (1.4 [range, 0 to 6]) than in the small intestine of foals treated on pid 11 (428.2 [range, 0 to 777]) and in controls (500 [range, 284 to 802]).
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of portacaval shunts in young dogs
Authors: Wrigley Robert H. , Konde Linda J. , Park Richard D. , Lebel Jack L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Ultrasonography was performed on 21 young dogs with portacaval shunts. Initial ultrasonography revealed a small hypovascular liver in all dogs. Eight portacaval shunts (4 intrahepatic, 4 extrahepatic) were detected. Supplementary ultrasonography of dogs under general anesthesia and subjected to positive-pressure ventilation identified 6 additional intrahepatic portacaval shunts.
Hemolysis caused by phosphofructokinase deficiency in English Springer Spaniels: Seven cases (1983-1986)
Authors: Giger Urs , Harvey John W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Seven English Springer Spaniels (6 adult males and 1 female) with chronic hemolysis and sporadic intravascular hemolytic crises were determined to have a deficiency in erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (pfk) activity, a key regulatory enzyme of anaerobic glycolysis. Intermittent severe pigmenturia concomitant with weakness, lethargy, and anorexia were the major clinical signs and commonly were related to exercise or other stressful situations that caused panting or barking (hyperventilation). Pale or icteric mucous membranes, fever, mild hepatosplenomegaly, and muscle wasting sometimes were evident. Results of routine laboratory testing indicated a persistent marked bilirubinuria and reticulocytosis with normal pcv, to severe anemia and intermittent hemoglobinuria and hyperkalemia.
Erythrocyte pfk activities were severely reduced to 8% to 22% of values for control dogs. The block of glycolysis at the pfk step caused a markedly diminished erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate content, resulting in an increased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and compensatory accelerated erythrocyte production. Phosphofructokinase-deficient erythrocytes had increased alkaline fragility in vitro and in vivo. Hemolytic crises were induced in vivo by hyperventilation that caused transient, mild alkalemia. Studies of family members of a pfk-deficient dog suggested an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Carrier dogs with half-normal erythrocyte pfk activities appeared clinically normal.
Use of 2,3,2-tetramine as a hepatic copper chelating agent for treatment of copper hepatotoxicosis in Bedlington Terriers
Authors: Twedt D. C. , Hunsaker H. A. , Allen K. G. D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Five Bedlington Terriers with inherited copper (Cu) hepatotoxicosis and with hepatic Cu concentrations rangingfrom 3,000 to 11,000 μg/g of dry weight (normal, <350 μg/g of dry weight) were treated daily for up to 200 days with 2,3,2-tetramine tetrahydrochloride. During treatment, no change was made in the dietary Cu intake, which ranged from 12 to 16 μg/g of dry diet. Concentrations of hepatic and serum Cu, iron, and zinc were determined before and at the conclusion of the treatment period. In one dog, 24-hour urinary Cu concentration was measured before and during treatment. A liver biopsy specimen obtained after treatment had significantly (P<0.05) reduced hepatic Cu concentration (3,282 (μg/g of dry weight; a 54.9% reduction), compared with the pretreatment value (7,281 μg/g of dry weight). After treatment, there was an overall general lessening of the extent of hepatic morphologic damage. Cytochemical examination for Cu in rhodanine-stained biopsy specimens revealed decreased numbers of Culaden hepatic lysosomes. The mean daily urinary Cu concentration increased as much as 25-fold during 2,3,2-tetramine treatment. Hepatic iron and zinc concentrations and serum Cu concentrations remained within normal ranges after treatment. Clinical or laboratory evidence of 2,3,2-tetramine toxicosis was not detected during treatment. These findings indicated that in affected Bedlington Terriers, 2,3,2-tetramine was a safe and rapid chelating agent of hepatic Cu.
Canine hemangiopericytoma: 23 cases (1967-1984)
Authors: Graves Glenn M. , Bjorling Dale E. , Mahaffey Edward 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 23 histopathologicaily confirmed cases of canine hemangiopericytoma were reviewed. Ninety-one percent (21/23) of the dogs were 7 years old or older, and 70% (16/23) were female. Seventy-four percent (20/27) of the tumors developed on the extremities. Recurrence rates were 31% (5/16) with surgical excision only, and 60% (3/5) with surgical excision combined with radiotherapy. Tumor recurrence did not appear to be related to mitotic index. Metastasis was suspected in one of the dogs, but was not confirmed.
Bovine brucellosis: An investigation of latency in progeny of culture-positive cows
Authors: Ray Winthrop C. , Brown Robert R. , Stringfellow David A. , Schnurrenberger Paul R. , Scanlan Charles M. , Swann A. Ian 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Calves (n = 150) born to cows infected with field strains of Brucella abortus were weaned within 24 hours after birth or allowed to nurse until weaned (age at weaning ranged from 10 to 43 weeks). After weaning, female calves were placed in small groups in special pens constructed to prevent further direct and environmental exposure to brucellae. At weaning, male calves were moved to an isolated pasture and were kept as a single group. Later, first-generation heifers were bred and placed in individual isolation pens until termination of pregnancy. Two of the first-generation heifers (that were culture-negative) developed persistent serologic responses (to B abortus) of unexplained origin. Brucellae were not isolated from progeny of infected cows (105) or from progeny offspring (95 fetuses and neonates), indicating that latency may be infrequent.
Small intestinal adenocarcinoma in cats: 32 cases(1978-1985)
Authors: Kosovsky Jane E. , Matthiesen David T. , Patnaik Amiya K. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 32 cats with small intestinal adenocarcinoma were reviewed. Common clinical signs included vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, cachexia, anorexia, and lethargy. In 50% of the cats, an abdominal mass was palpated, and in 38%, a mass was seen on radiographs. Biopsy of the tumor without resection was performed in 9 cats; 8 cats were euthanatized at the time of surgery, 7 because of metastases, and 1 cat died 1 day after surgery. In 23 cats, resection was performed. Eleven of these died within 2 weeks after surgery (mean survival time, 2.6 days); 8 had lymph node metastasis. Twelve cats survived >2 weeks after surgery. The mean survival of 11 of these cats was 15 months. Six cats were euthanatized because of recurrent signs; 5 of the 6 had a recurrent abdominal mass. One cat was alive 2 years after surgery. Results of this study indicated that cats with adenocarcinoma, even those cats with advanced disease, can have long-term survival after surgery.
Equine ehrlichial colitis: Effect of oxytetracycline treatment during the incubation period of Ehrlichia risticii infection in ponies
Authors: Palmer J. E. , Whitlock R. H. , Benson C. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Equine ehrlichial colitis was experimentally induced in 18 ponies, using Ehrlichia risticii-infected blood. Four ponies (group 1) were treated with oxytetracycline (6.6 mg/kg of body weight, iv, q 12 h), beginning 14 hours before inoculation and continuing for 5 days after inoculation. Four additional ponies (group 2) were treated similarly for 10 days after inoculation. The remaining 10 ponies were used as nontreated, infected controls. Clinical disease was delayed in 3 group-1 ponies and in 4 group-2 ponies.
Protective immunity developed in the remaining pony that did not develop clinical disease and in 1 group-1 pony and 2 group-2 ponies that developed mild, transient clinical signs.
Effect of dorsopalmar projection obliquity on radiographic measurement of distal phalangeal rotation angle in horses with laminitis
Authors: Koblik Philip D. , O'Brien Timothy R. , Coyne Cody P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The effect of dorsopalmar projection obliquity on calculation of distal phalangeal rotation (dpr) angle was determined in 8 feet obtained from 5 horses that had been euthanatized because of laminitis. A true lateromedial view of each foot served as a reference, with additional views taken at 5, 10, 15, and 20° of x-ray tube head rotation in both a dorsal and in a palmar direction. Projection obliquity resulted in consistent underestimation of dprangle. Where projection obliquity exceeded 10°, there were significant (P<0.05) differences in dprangle. The magnitude of underestimation appeared to be independent of severity of rotation. A radiographic variable, the mean normalized intercondylar distance, was defined and measured on 13 feet so that the angle of projection obliquity could be estimated on routine clinical studies.
Use of methyl methacrylate orbital prostheses in dogs and cats: 78 cases (1980-1986)
Authors: Nasisse Mark P. , van Ee Rene T. , Munger Robert J. , Davidson Michael G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
To prevent cosmetically undesirable orbital concavity after enucleation, methyl methacrylate spheres were implanted into the orbits of 73 dogs and 5 cats. In all cases, follow-up reports were obtained until suture removal 2 weeks after surgery, and for 58 animals (79%) until 6 months after surgery. Information was available for 46 animals (60%) 1 year after surgery, 28 animals (36%) 2 years after surgery, and 7 animals (9%) 3 years after surgery. Implants failed in 3 dogs and 2 cats. Complications were not detected in the remaining 73 animals (93%), and owners were pleased with the cosmetic results. The causes of implant failure in dogs varied; however, in cats, fluid accumulation was the consistent complication associated with failure. Orbital implantation of methyl methacrylate spheres was found to be a safe, practical, and inexpensive method of improving the cosmetic appearance of dogs requiring enucleation. Although the number of cats evaluated was limited, the accumulation of orbital fluid in a high percentage of those suggested that orbital implants may be less successful in this species.