bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of the Archibald Ultracentrifugal Method to the Determination of the Micellar Molecular Weight of the Anionic Surface Active Agents
Authors: Kakiuchi Kinji , Hattori Ken’ichi , Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The values of the micellar molecular weight of SDS in water and in a sodium chloride solution could not be obtained by the Archibald method, whereas the observed Mo may represent the relative values, each corresponding to a given instant of centrifugation. However, a CMC could be definitely determined which agreed with the values reported by other workers. As may be noted from the slope of the dependency of M0 on time, the SDS solution is non-ideal above the CMC while it is polydisperse below the CMC. The abnormally high association in the critical micelle region might be caused by the incomplete dissociation of counter ions, accompanied by a change in the equilibrium between the micelle and the free ion of SDS at a given instant of centrifugation.
(2) When the electrolyte is absent, β-NF’s presumably exist in a monomeric state, but in a 0.1 m sodium chloride solution they associate, the degree of association being proportional to the x. In the region of 0.25∼1.0% concentration, micelles of β-NF were observed to be polydisperse.
Crystal Structure of m-Methylbenzamide
Authors: Orii Seiki , Nakamura Toshio , Takaki Yoshito , Sasada Yoshio , Kakudo Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of m-methylbenzamide has been determined by two-dimensional X-ray methods. The atomic positions obtained from the trial and error method are refined by the modified (Fo–Fc) synthesis.
1. The mean C-C distance in the benzene ring is 1.375Å, while C3–C8=1.526, C1-C7=1.504, C7-N=1.294 and C7-O=1.246Å.
2. The amide group twists around the C1–C7 axis with an angle of 28.7° because of the steric hindrance on the contact of H6 and HN2.
3. The molecules are connected by NH–O hydrogen bonds, 3.22Å, forming dimers which are linked with each other by other NH–O hydrogen bonds, 2.97Å, into endless chains.
The crystal structure is of a type analogous to benzamide and δ-pyrazinamide.
The Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminum with Xylenol Orange
Authors: Otomo Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Aluminum reacts with xylenol orange in a slightly acidic solution to form two red complexes which are in equilibrium with each other. At pH 3.4±0.1, Beer’s law is obeyed up to an aluminum concentration of 1.0 p.p.m. in 1 cm. absorption cells. The absorbance was measured at the isosbestic point of 536 mμ. The molar extinction coefficient was found to be 21100. This method seems to be the most favorable one for aluminum determination if the aluminum is first separated from any interfering ions. The composition of the complexes has also been discussed.
A Cobalt Complex Catalyst for the Linear Dimerization of Butadiene
Authors: Saito Taro , Uchida Yasuzo , Misono Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the linear dimerization of butadiene, the mixing order of butadiene and catalyst components, cobalt acetylacetonate and triethylaluminum affects the activity of the catalyst. When cobalt acetylacetonate and triethylaluminum react in the presence of butadiene, the solution possesses marked catalytic activity. In the infrared spectrum of this system, the intensity of the absorption peaks of the CH-(1008 cm−1) and CH2- (908 cm−1) wagging vibrations of butadiene decrease significantly as compared with the case when butadiene is added last. In both cases, the absorption of Co–O (466 cm−1) disappered and that of Al–O (490 cm−1) was found. These results indicate that triethylaluminum reduces cobalt acetylacetonate and coordinates butadiene to cobalt. When butadiene is absent, triethylaluminum and cobalt acetylacetonate react to form a complex to which butadiene coordinate scarcely at all afterwards. The former solution shows a weak paramagnetism (μeff=1.4), while the latter shows a strong paramagnetism (μeff=4.0), From these results, the catalyst of the reaction is considered to be a diamagnetic complex of cobalt coordinated by butadiene.
ESR Studies of the Negative Ions of Biphenyl Derivatives. II. Electron Spin Resonance Hyper fine Spectra of 3-Methyl Biphenyl, m,m′-Bitolyl, 2-Methyl Biphenyl, and o,o′-Bitolyl Mononegative Ions
Authors: Ishizu Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electron spin resonance of 3-methyl-biphenyl, 2-methyl-biphenyl, m,m-bitolyl, and o,o′-bitolyl has been observed. The overall width and ring-proton coupling constants of the mononegative ions of each methylated biphenyl have been interpreted by utilizing the calculated spin density derived by Hückel’s MO treatment. It has been found that the splitting parameters of the ring proton and the methyl proton were both about 28 gauss.
Hyperconjugation has been effected through the π-π interaction in the case of the para-derivatives, while spin polarization is important in the case of the meta-derivatives. In the case of the ortho-derivatives, the magnitude of the methyl splitting decreased with steric hindrance, which either brought about a fair amount of unbalanced spin density on biphenyl carbon atoms, or markedly reduced the magnitude of the ortho-proton splitting.
From Hückel’s calculation, one may conclude that both of the phenyl rings are twisted about 30°∼45° in the o,o′bitolyl negative ion, in which the twisting angle is much smaller than that in the neutral molecule.
The Thermal and Radiation Oxidation of Benzene to Phenol in Aqueous Solutions Containing Metal Ions at Elevated Temperatures. V. The Thermal Oxidation of Phenol and Maleic Acid
Authors: Shimada Kazuo , Suzuki Nobutake , Itatani Nobue , Hotta Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The products of the oxidation of phenol in the aqueous solution (100∼200°C) were analyzed by gas chromatography and by thinlayer chromatography. The amounts of the decomposition products, acetic acid, formic acid, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetone and carbon dioxide, increase with a rise in temperature. On the other hand, maleic acid, fumaric acid and dihydroxybenzene decrease with a rise in temperature. Since the oxidation of maleic acid gives acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and acetic acid, these products are considered to be produced through maleic acid from phenol. However, acetone is not given from maleic acid, but from phenol.
The Redox Reaction of 1-Ethoxy-n-heptyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Murai Shinji , Sonoda Noboru , Tsutsumi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The reaction of 1-ethoxy-n-heptyl hydroperoxide with ferrous sulfate has given ethyl formate, n-heptanal, ethyl heptanoate and n-dodecane, while the reaction with a mixture of cuprous and cupric chlorides has given ethyl formate, n-hexyl chloride, n-heptanal and ethyl heptanoate.
2) The formation of n-heptanal in both reactions has been attributed to the reduction of the 1-ethoxy-n-heptanoxy radical with ferrous or cuprous ions to the corresponding anion, followed concertedly by the leaving of the ethoxide ion.
3) The probable reaction pathway, especially the difference between the natures of the heterocyclic ether syetem and the linear ether system, has been discussed.
High-kinetic Energy Fragment Ions from Organic Compounds under Electron Impact. IV. Methanol
Authors: Tsuchiya Toshikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fragment ions with high kinetic energies have been produced from methanol by electron impact, as in the cases of many hydrocarbons. Assuming that a fragment has a rotational energy of the order of 0.5 eV. most of the high-energy ions from methanol can be ascribed to a doubly-charged molecule ion that dissociates into two singly-charged fragments.
The Catalytic Effects of Copper Complexes on the Oxidation of l-Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Onishi Isao , Hara Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stability constants of various kinds of copper complexes have been estimated on the basis of the decrease in the catalytic activity of copper (II) in the presence of chelating agents. The rate constant, k, has been found to be inversely proportional to log (1+Ks[Y]n).
The Effect of the Type of Radiation on the Radiation-Induced Addition of Acetaldehyde to Cyclohexene
Authors: Shingyouchi Akira , Hatada Motoyoshi , Hirota Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Several kinds of products have been found to be formed from mixtures of cyclohexene and acetaldehyde by the irradiation of γ-rays, electron beams, and ultraviolet. Both the yields and the kind of product seem to depend on the type of radiation because of their dose rate and bond-dissociating power.
Effect of Solvation on the Menschutkin Reaction in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Tokura Niichiro , Kondo Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The effect of the solvent solvation has been compared in the reaction between methyliodide and various bases in liquid sulfur dioxide, methanol and nitrobenzene. The reaction rate in liquid sulfur dioxide is very much depressed, and the differences in the relative rates among bases are reduced in sulfurdioxide (a leveling effect) as compared to the other two solvents.
2) The order of the relative rates is reversed in liquid sulfur dioxide; pyridine&gt;triethylamine &gt;N,N-dimethylaniline&gt;N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, whereas in methanol and in nitrobenzene, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine is the fastest of the bases. The reasons for this have been discussed.
3) The effect of the o-methyl substituent of the bases on the reaction rate has been examined. In liquid sulfur dioxide, the rate ratios ko−Me⁄kH are again leveling, while in methanol the ratios are differentiating. The solvation of sulfur dioxide has been considered to be the reason.
4) An isokinetic relation between ΔE\eweq and ΔS\eweq has been observed, and the isokinetic temperature calculated as 350°K; however, no linear dependence was obtained between ΔE\eweqo−Me–ΔE\eweqH and ΔHp–ΔHo.
Studies of Crystal Hydrates. VII. The Dielectric Properties of Capillary Water in Single Crystals of Dl-[Co(en)3]Cl·nH2O
Authors: Chihara Hideaki , Okawa Setsuo , Seki Syûzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dielectric constant and loss of single crystals of Dl-[Co(en)3]Cl3·nH2O have been measured between −150°C and room temperature in the frequency range 40 c./s. and 3 Mc./s. The water content, n, was varied from 0.27 to 3.6. The anomalous dispersion and relaxation absorption due to the hindered rotation of water have been observed and they are strongly dependent on n. The activation energies for the relaxation absorption have been determined for different n values and for different orientations of the crystals. A molecular mechanism for the absorption has been presented on the basis of the zeolitic nature of the water molecules in the crystal as determined previously from structural and thermodynamics investigation
The Kinetics of the Reaction of Aromatic Ketones with Nitrous Acid in Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Furuya Yoshiaki , Ito Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of the reaction of acetophenone, ring-substituted acetophenones, propiophenone and isobutyrophenone with nitrous acid in 98.6% sulfuric acid have been measured by means of spectrophotometry. The rates have been expressed as ν=k [ketone] [NO+] with acetophenones and propiophenone, while they are ν=k [ketone] with isobutyrophenone. The electron-attracting groups in acetophenone accelerate the reaction with Hammett’s ρ value of +2.6. A probable mechanism has been suggested which involves a rate-determining nitrosation of enolized ketone for acetophenone and propiophenone, and a rate-determining enolization of ketone for isbutyrophenone.
Structural Studies of the Gum Jeol Polysaccharide.
Authors: Bhattacharyya A K , Mukherjee A K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polysaccharide obtained from gum jeol has been shown to be composed of d-galactose, l-arabinose, and d-galacturonic acid. The hydrolysis of the fully-methylated gum yielded 2,3,5-tri-O-methyl-l-arabinose (2.03 mol.), 2,3,4,5-tetra-O-methyl-d-galactose (3.1 mol.), 2, 3, 4-tri-O-methyl-d-galactose (1 mol.), 2,4-di-O-methyl-d-galactose (1.94 mol.), 2-O-methyl-l-arabinoses (1.05 mol.) and 2-O-methyl-d-galac-tose (1.1 mol.) in the neutral fraction of the hydrolysate. The reduced acidic fraction gave 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-d-galactose (2 mol.) and 2,4-di-O-methyl-d-galactose (2 mol.). The structural significance has been discussed from the above results and from the results of periodate oxidation studies of the gum. The molecular weight of the methylated gum has also been determined by the light-scattering method.
Preferential Ion Transport in Electrodialysis through Ion-exchange Resin Membranes
Authors: Mandersloot W G B 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Because of the great difficulties encountered when describing preferential ion transport in electrodialytic demineralisation from first principles, an empirical approach is more attractive. Preferential ion transport can be described as a simple separation process with a separation factor which is constant for a certain membrane pair under certain conditions, namely, a constant voltage drop per compartment pair at a constant flow velocity in the compartments, high enough to avoid any serious polarisation. Exceptions occur when one counterion is immobilised to a great extent in the resin, when specific strong binding forces are operative (e. g., ionpair formation), and also when the preferential absorption of a counterion is based on the preferential exclusion of the other counterion. The latter appears to be the case in the separation of Cl− and SO42− at high total electrolyte concentrations.
The order and magnitude of preference are, in the first instance, governed by the same factors which govern ion-exchange equilibrium. The separation of ions has been shown to decrease with an increase in the applied electric potential (current density). It has been demonstrated that heterogeneous membranes cause a concentration polarisation at lower current densities than homogeneous membranes and that this early polarisation can be detected from the preferential ion transport data before it can be measured in terms of the resistance of the membrane pack.
The Solvent Extraction of Ruthenium with 8-Hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Kato Toyoaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solvent extraction behavior of ruthenium(IV) with 8-hydroxyquinoline has been investigated in detail using ruthenium-106 as a tracer.
The complex formation in the aqueous phase is fairly slow and is the limiting step in the procedure, but it can be enhanced by heating. Complete extraction is attainable with n-butanol, benzene and other organic solvents after 8-hydroxyquinolate has been formed by one hour’s heating at 60°C with the excess reagent in an aqueous acetate medium of pH 4∼6. n-Propanol, especially when combined with n-butanol, is an efficient extraction solvent. The presence of ammonium salts, organic acids or their salts causes interference. 8-Hydroxyquinolate, once formed, remains extractable even at very low pH values. The stripping of ruthenium from the benzene extract is accomplished by contact with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
This solvent extraction is applicable to the colorimetric determination of minute amounts of ruthenium and to the isolation of ruthenium activities in mixed fission products.
Syntheses of Peptides Related to the N-Terminal Structure of Corticotropin. III. The Synthesis of l-Histidyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-arginyl-l-tryptophan, the Smallest Peptide Exhibiting the Melanocyte-stimulating and the Lipolytic Activities
Authors: Otsuka Hideo , Inouye Ken 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) A tetrapeptide, l-histidyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-arginyl-l-tryptophan, corresponding to the amino-acid sequence of positions 6 to 9 in the corticotropin and α-MSH molecules has been synthesized.
2) This synthetic tetrapeptide has been found to exhibit an MSH potency of 3.6×104 units per gram in the in vitro frog skin assay, and it is also active on lipolysis in rabbit perirenal adipose tissue. These results may confirm that the glycine at position 10 in the molecules of corticotropin and α-MSH is not essential for these biological activities.
3) It has been shown that the azide-couling procedure can be employed successfully for the synthesis of arginyl peptides provided it is used in combination with the NG-tosyl-arginine.
4) The preparation of NG-tosyl-l-arginine and some of the relevant compounds has been described.
Syntheses of Peptides Related to the N-Terminal Structure of Corticotropin. IV. The Synthesis of the Amino Acid Sequences, Lys-Pro-Val-Gly and Lys-Pro-Val-Gly-Lys
Authors: Otsuka Hideo , Inouye Ken , Jono Yoshiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The amino acid sequence Lys-Pro-Val-Gly-Lys, which corresponds to positions 11 to 15 of the corticotropin molecule, has been synthesized in the form of a crystalline derivative, Nα-carbobenzoxy-Nε-t-butyloxycarbonyl-l- lysyi-l-prolyl-l-valyl-glycyl-Nε-t-butyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine methyl ester, from which the crystalline hydrazide has then been obtained. The syn-thesis of the Lys-Pro-Val-Gly sequence corresponding to positions 11 to 14 of corticotropin has also been described.
The Potential Constants of Phosphorus Trihalide and Phosphoryl Halides
Authors: Nakai Yasuo , Mori Kumiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It is important to calculate the potential constants of phosphorus compounds systematically in order to determine physically meaningful potential constants.
First the normal vibrations of such pyramidal-type molecules as PC13 and PBr3 have been calculated by the use of a Urey-Bradley force field as supplemented by the interaction terms between two bond-stretching coordinates and between two angle-deformation coordinates, and then such phosphoryl halogenides as OPCI3 and OPBr3 have been calculated by the use of a Urey-Bradley-Shimanouchi force field.
The repulsion terms between nonbonded halogen atoms have been estimated from the interaction forces between inert atoms based on the Lennard-Jones formula.
The force fields used for the PX3-type and OPX3-type molecules in the present paper are different. However, it has been found that a relationship exists between the potential constants of such compounds as PC13, PBr3, OPCI3 and OPBr3, and those for mixed halogen phosphorus compounds, such as PCl2Br, PClBr2, OPCl2Br and OPClBr2.
The additional potential terms used for the PX3 type may arise from the resonance energy because of the interaction between the unpaired electrons of the P atom and the electrons existing in the PX bond and on the XPX plane.
In our present investigation, a linear correlation has been found to exist between the phosphoryl potential constants in phosphoryl halides and the sum of the Pauling electro-negativity constants of the halogens.
Radiation-Induced Selective Main-chain Scission in Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Hirano Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohols which are different in the mole fraction of the head-to-head structure, in which two of –OH substituents are situated on consecutive carbon atoms, have been irradiated with Co-60 gamma rays in a vacuum at room temperature in order to investigate the effect of this anomalous structure on the radiation-induced main-chain scission of the polymer. The selective main-chain scission in polyvinyl alcohol has been observed at such positions as the head-to-head structure. The average absorbed energy necessary to produce a main-chain scission, i. e., Ed, is about 1700 eV. for polyvinyl alcohol containing no head-to-head structure, while Ed is 100 eV. for polyvinyl alcohol containing a 1.54 mol.% head-to-head structure. A rapid increase up to a certain value in Gd, the number of chain scissions produced per 100 eV. of energy absorbed by the polymer, has been observed with the increase in the head-to-head structure content in the polymer chain. Thus, it has been postulated that there is a transfer of radiation energy from the head-to-tail structure to the head-to-head structure. An estimation has been made on the range of energy transfer from the Gd dependency on the concentration of the head-to-head structure.
The Stability of Calcium Complexes of Purely-separated Polyphosphate
Authors: Miura Masaji , Moriguchi Yoshiki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation of calcium complexes of purely-separated linear chain polyphosphates with chain lengths of 2∼8 phosphorus atoms has been studied by means of nephelometric titration at 25°C, pH values of 10∼12, and ionic strengths of 0.1 and 1.0. The following results have been obtained: 1) The number of phosphorus atoms bound to a calcium ion is about 2, regardless of the chain length at an ionic strength of 0.1, while it varies from 2 to 4 according to the chain length at an ionic strength of 1.0; 2) The stability of calcium polyphosphates increases with the chain length at both ionic strengths and levels off at a chain length of 6∼7 when the ionic strength is 0.1, though not yet when it is 1.0; and 3) The stability constant of a calcium complex of any long-chain polyphosphate is almost equal to that of a mixture of polyphosphates with the same average chain length.
Studies of the Synthetic Inorganic Ion Exchanger. IV. The Separation of the Fission Product and Uranium by Means of a Stannic Phosphate Cation Exchanger
Authors: Inoue Yasushi , Suzuki Shin , Goto Hidehiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The separation of fission products and uranium has been carried out by means of a stannic phosphate cation exchanger. By using various concentrations of nitric acid and ammonium chloride solutions as eluants, the separation of uranium-strontium and uraniumcesium has been easily performed, but that of uranium-rare earths is very difficult. Among the various reagents investigated, a 1 m phosphoric acid solution is most suitable for the separation of uranium from rare earths. In view of the above results, the separation of uranium and gross fission products has been carried out; the resultant yield of uranium is more than 90%, and the decontamination factor is (2∼3)×103.
Part of the expenses for this investigation have been defrayed by a grant-in-aid by the ministry of education.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Polymethyl Methacrylate in Solution. I. An Attempt to make Stereoregularity Measurements
Authors: Kato Yoshinori , Nishioka Atsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The NMR spectra of polymethyl methacrylates prepared with various initiators have been examined. Three resonance peaks of α-methyl protons observed with an increasing magnetic field correspond to three species of the monomer units, i. e., I-, D- and S-units respectively. The proportion of each peak area may be used to characterize the stereoregularity of the polymer chain. A ternary diagram has been proposed to represent the stereochemical configuration of the polymers. Together with the average sequence lengths of the units, the possible polymerization mechanisms are considered. Free radical polymers of methyl methacrylate seem to be describable with a single parameter which depends only on the polymerization temperature. Some polymers prepared with anionic initiators show a stereoblock character. The polymerization mechanism has also been discussed in some idealized cases.