bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Following the Rules in an Unruly Writing System: The Cognitive Science of Learning to Read English
Authors: Kearns Devin M. , Cooper Borkenhagen Matthew J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe core task of reading is to look at letters and identify their sounds and meaning. In English, the spelling system is quasiregular, meaning it includes many reliable patterns (some so reliable they could be called "rules") but also many inconsistent ones (the sound of EA in heat vs. head). The triangle model of reading (Seidenberg & McClelland, 1989) demonstrates that novice readers gradually learn the connections between the features of words, including their letters, the ways they make sounds, and the concepts that comprise their meaning. Learners' knowledge changes gradually based on experience pronouncing printed words. Eventually, the reader will say words with variable patterns (like how to say EA) correctly but be unable to articulate rules associated with their pronunciation—because rules are not an inherent part of the learning process. Building robust knowledge of reading words aloud sometimes happens without any help. However, novice readers will often learn more in less time if the teacher explains the structure of the language in terms of sound‐spelling rules (sometimes termed "patterns" to emphasize their variability). This type of instruction, phonics, has known value in supporting reading development. However, distinguishing between the underlying learning process (which doesn't involve rules) and associated teaching practices (which often do) has implications for practitioners. Students will benefit from a balance of implicit and explicit forms of instruction, including simple strategies for reading words, teaching high‐utility rules, emphasizing practice over explanation, and using letters when doing phonemic awareness activities.
Liberatory Literacy Practices for Black Students Through a Lens of Care
Authors: Zignego Mona Beth 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article explores how Black teachers have used liberatory literacy practices through a lens of care when working with Black students. The prioritization of care is particularly important for Black students as they often experience a lack of care within schools due to labeling, stereotyping, and a lack of racially and culturally diverse teaching staff, curriculum, and resources. Black teachers are particularly effective in improving literacy outcomes for Black students, and this article emphasizes the importance of the care they provide in implementing culturally and historically responsive pedagogies that foster deep, meaningful learning. This article also emphasizes the funds of knowledge that Black teachers and students possess and highlights approaches that Black teachers have taken that create a warm, caring environment where Black students can thrive instead of being forced to fit into current systems that are unresponsive to Black student needs.
Kopernikus School: Dialogue and Respect for a Democratic Life
Authors: Aguilar Trinidad , Elmúdesi Bárbara , Hitschfeld Rolf 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEducating for democracy requires educating in democracy. As part of a pedagogical approach inspired by the Jenaplan model, Kopernikus School works daily on fostering dialogue, attentively listening; the respect and recognition of the value of each other; and being relevant to their community by collaborating with other schools and neighbors through both structured and non-structured spaces and experiences that combined, shape the life at the school.
Lift Every Voice: A Case for Democratic Music Education
Authors: Hawkins Isaiah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDemocratic Education to me simply means education by democratic means and toward democratic ends. This means that everything from classroom structure to learning goals should be developed with student input and collective empowerment in mind. Music can and should be at the center of any democratic education philosophy, as it provides a powerful context for students to both grow and have an impact on the world around them.
Cultivating Democratic Learning Spaces: A Framework for Transformational Civics by HomePlace Collective
Authors: Infante Kassandra , Rivera Marianela 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCultivating democratic schools and learning spaces requires developing critical socio-political literacy through an advocacy mindset, culturally relevant learning, and civic participation. The purpose of these spaces is so that students understand how to transform themselves, their communities, and broader society toward equity.
Recess in a Learning Landscape: An Opportunity for the Development of Democratic Skills
Authors: Ibáñez Ángela , Huneeus Marcial 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor Patio Vivo, a democratic education means creating a learning environment that welcomes each member of the school community. We accept and celebrate personal differences between each one of the students, as we want to provide them with freedom and confidence to play, navigate, and explore the world around them, according to their interests and abilities. In this way, children build their learning through play and contact with nature, which we believe to be the foundation of a healthy and happy childhood.
Ukrainian Refugees in Poland: Two Schools Under One Roof—One Is Offline, the Other One Online
Authors: Stolarski Przemek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the unprecedented refugee crisis in Poland, democratic education is all about designing a thoughtful crisis response. This response, through making public schools more inclusive and responsive to the needs of various learners, can save Poland from developing a tiered and thoroughly unequal system of schooling. We should be wary of technology’s potential to, both, aid and disrupt this process.
Challenging the Status Quo: A Critical Analysis of the Common Agricultural Policy’s Shift Toward Sustainability
Authors: Doukas Yannis E. , Vardopoulos Ioannis , Petides Pavlos 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmidst growing concerns about the impact of agriculture on the environment, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been overhauled to prioritize sustainability in European agriculture. This chapter delves into the details of the CAP’s shift, analyzing the elevation of environmental concerns within the policymaking framework. Drawing upon concepts from the field of political science that examine the process of policy change, like those found in historical institutionalism, the study explores how the CAP’s move toward “greening” is redefining the trajectory of EU and global agriculture. Throughout the analysis, the study highlights the key role played by initiatives such as the Green Payment Scheme and other measures in promoting measurable environmental and climatic criteria. For example, measures aimed at preserving carbon-rich soils and enhancing water resources can have positive impacts on the environment. However, the study also recognizes that these measures may limit the power of farmers. In addition, the study underscores the EU’s commitment to addressing climate change and sustainable development challenges and how conditionality is being used to link funding to results. Upon analyzing the CAP’s shift, the study argues that the new architecture of the policy represents a more flexible and rational approach. By incorporating both CAP pillars, encouraging collaboration with compatible policies, and allowing for greater adaptability in response to the unique circumstances and objectives of each Member State, the CAP is taking significant steps toward sustainability and climate action. These insights into the significance and implications of the CAP’s shift toward sustainability offer valuable recommendations for future policy developments, emphasizing the need to balance environmental concerns with the needs of rural workers and other stakeholders.
Kommunale Unternehmen der Ernährungswirtschaft – Konzeptionelle Grundlagen am Beispiel des Geschäftsmodells einer Kommunalen Ernährungsmeisterei
Authors: Sipple David , Ritter Martin , Schanz Heiner 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungKommunale Unternehmen der Ernährungswirtschaft stellen ein wirksames Instrument zur Sicherung der kommunalen Daseinsvorsorge im Ernährungsbereich und zur Stärkung einer nachhaltigen lokalen Ernährungswirtschaft dar. Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt auf Basis der wenigen vorhandenen Beispiele sowie konzeptioneller Überlegungen zentrale Anforderungen an ein illustratives Geschäftsmodell für ein solches kommunales Unternehmen. Neben dem operativen Zweck tragen kommunale Unternehmen der Ernährungswirtschaft zu einer längerfristigen Verstetigung ernährungsrelevanter Themen in Kommunalverwaltung und nachhaltiger Stadtentwicklung bei. Dies zeigt sich auch anhand der Modellierung lokaler Ernährungssysteme (Sipple und Schanz 2024). Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert konzeptionelle Grundlagen für ein illustratives Geschäftsmodell eines kommunalen Unternehmens der Ernährungswirtschaft am Beispiel einer Kommunalen Ernährungsmeisterei.
On Blocky Ranks Of Matrices
Authors: Avraham Daniel , Yehudayoff Amir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA matrix is blocky if it is a "blowup" of a permutation matrix. The blocky rank of a matrix M is the minimum number of blocky matrices that linearly span M. Hambardzumyan, Hatami and Hatami defined blocky rank and showed that it is connected to communication complexity and operator theory. We describe additional connections to circuit complexity and combinatorics, and we prove upper and lower bounds on blocky rank in various contexts.
Asymptotic behaviour for convection with anomalous diffusion
Authors: Straughan Brian , Barletta Antonio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigate the fully nonlinear model for convection in a Darcy porous material where the diffusion is of anomalous type as recently proposed by Barletta. The fully nonlinear model is analysed but we allow for variable gravity or penetrative convection effects which result in spatially dependent coefficients. This spatial dependence usually requires numerical solution even in the linearized case. In this work, we demonstrate that regardless of the size of the Rayleigh number, the perturbation solution will decay exponentially in time for the superdiffusion case. In addition, we establish a similar result for convection in a bidisperse porous medium where both macro- and microporosity effects are present. Moreover, we demonstrate a similar result for thermosolutal convection.
„Generationenkonflikte“ bei rechtsmedizinisch tätigen Ärztinnen und Ärzten?
Authors: Heger Anna , Ritz-Timme Stefanie 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In rechtsmedizinischen Instituten arbeiten in aller Regel mindestens 3 Generationen von Ärztinnen und Ärzten zusammen („Babyboomer“, Generationen „X“ und „Y“). Ob diese Generationenvielfalt zu Konflikten im Arbeitsalltag führt, wurde bisher nicht untersucht.

Ziel der Arbeit
Mögliche Generationenkonflikte sowie gegenseitige Erwartungen und Anforderungen der verschiedenen Generationen sollten erhoben werden.

Material und Methoden
Ein Online-Fragebogen mit bis zu 53 Fragen zu den Themen Arbeitsbelastung und -zufriedenheit, Weiterbildung, Karriere, Forschung, Beruf vs. Privatleben und Generationenwandel wurde an 436 in deutschsprachigen Ländern rechtsmedizinisch tätige Fachärztinnen/-ärzte (FÄ) und Weiterbildungsassistentinnen/-assistenten (WBA) verschickt.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 181 vollständig ausgefüllte Fragebogen retourniert (Rücklaufquote: 41,5 %), wovon 180 ausgewertet werden konnten. 73 % der Befragten nahmen Konfliktsituationen zwischen den Generationen wahr. Für WBA (Gen. Y) resultierten Konflikte v. a. aus unterschiedlichen Werten, Prioritäten oder Ansichten der verschiedenen Generationen und der Work-Life-Thematik, während für FÄ die meisten Probleme in den Bereichen Work-Life-Balance (Gen. X) und „Zwischenmenschliches“ (Babyboomer und Gen. X) lagen. Vertreter*innen aller Generationen wünschten sich mehr Kollegialität und Zusammenhalt im Kollegium.

Diskussion
Es gibt Hinweise auf einen Generationenwandel mit Konfliktpotenzial auch in Instituten für Rechtsmedizin. Einige resultierende Probleme ließen sich durch eine offene Kommunikation von Bedürfnissen, eine wertschätzende Zusammenarbeit, ein gegenseitiges Verständnis für unterschiedliche Anforderungen und Wünsche sowie eine Offenheit für Veränderung und Optimierung reduzieren.
Stability of Regularized Hastings–Levitov Aggregation in the Subcritical Regime
Authors: Norris James , Silvestri Vittoria , Turner Amanda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe prove bulk scaling limits and fluctuation scaling limits for a two-parameter class ALE$$({\alpha },\eta )$$

(
α
,
η
)

of continuum planar aggregation models. The class includes regularized versions of the Hastings–Levitov family HL$$({\alpha })$$

(
α
)

and continuum versions of the family of dielectric-breakdown models, where the local attachment intensity for new particles is specified as a negative power $$-\eta $$

-
η

of the density of arc length with respect to harmonic measure. The limit dynamics follow solutions of a certain Loewner–Kufarev equation, where the driving measure is made to depend on the solution and on the parameter $${\zeta }={\alpha }+\eta $$

ζ
=
α
+
η

. Our results are subject to a subcriticality condition $${\zeta }\leqslant 1$$

ζ
⩽
1

: this includes HL$$({\alpha })$$

(
α
)

for $${\alpha }\leqslant 1$$

α
⩽
1

and also the case $${\alpha }=2,\eta =-1$$

α
=
2
,
η
=
-
1

corresponding to a continuum Eden model. Hastings and Levitov predicted a change in behaviour for HL$$({\alpha })$$

(
α
)

at $${\alpha }=1$$

α
=
1

, consistent with our results. In the regularized regime considered, the fluctuations around the scaling limit are shown to be Gaussian, with independent Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes driving each Fourier mode, which are seen to be stable if and only if $${\zeta }\leqslant 1$$

ζ
⩽
1

.
Factors affecting neurodevelopmental outcome following surgical necrotising enterocolitis: a systematic review
Authors: Okten E. I. , Frankl M. , Wu S. , Gamaty H. , Thompson H. , Yardley I. E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSurgically treated necrotising enterocolitis (sNEC) is associated with significantly worse neurodevelopmental outcomes than that seen in premature infants without NEC. We aim to review the association between factors involved in the surgical treatment of NEC and subsequent neurodevelopmental outcomes to identify potential areas for improvement. The PubMed and Embase databases were interrogated for articles reporting neurodevelopmental outcomes in babies treated surgically for NEC using key terms including: “Infant”, “Necrotising enterocolitis”, “Surgical”, “Neurodevelopmental” and “Outcomes”. The search strategy yielded 1170 articles and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 22 studies remained and formed the review. A diverse range of neurodevelopmental outcomes were reported. Extreme prematurity and lower birth weight were associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The use of peritoneal drains and enterostomies were associated with worse outcomes. Modifications to surgical strategies in NEC may improve neurodevelopmental outcomes but the effect of confounding factors remains unclear. Further large scale studies are required to define the optimum strategies for treating NEC surgically and to develop a core outcome set for research into NEC.
Role of preexisting right ventricular remodeling in symptoms and prognosis after transcatheter tricuspid valve repair
Authors: Ehrenfels Marc-André , Fretter Caroline , von Stein Jennifer , Körber Maria Isabel , Wienemann Hendrik , Baldus Stephan , Pfister Roman , Iliadis Christos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with chronic volume overload and right ventricular remodeling (RVR). Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVr) reduces TR and can improve quality of life (QoL), but the role of preprocedural RVR on TTVr outcomes remains unclear.

Aims
To investigate the role of RVR on outcomes after TTVr for severe TR.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing TTVr (61% edge-to-edge vs. 39% direct annuloplasty) for severe TR were retrospectively compared by preexisting RVR which was defined as dilation of RV mid-level diameter (> 35 mm) according to guidelines. QoL was evaluated using NYHA class, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and 6-min walking distance (6MWD) 1-month after TTVr. Mid-term mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalization were assessed through 1 year.

Results
RVR was present in 137 of 223 patients (61%). Symptoms and QoL improved equally in both groups: ≥ 1 NYHA class (57% vs. 65% of patients with vs. without RVR, respectively), 6MWD (36% vs. 34%), MLHFQ (81% vs. 69%), and SF-36 (68% vs. 65%) improvement. One-year mortality and HF hospitalization were significantly higher in patients with RVR (24% and 30%, respectively) than in patients without (8% and 13%, both p < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, RVR was independently associated with mortality (HR 2.3, 95%CI (1.0–5.0), p = 0.04) and the combined endpoint of mortality or rehospitalization (HR 2.0, 95%CI (1.1–3.8), p = 0.03).

Conclusions
TTVr was associated with significant QoL improvement after 1 month, irrespective of RVR. Despite increased mortality and rehospitalization for heart failure, TTVr in the presence of RVR still provides substantial symptomatic benefit for patients with severe TR.

Graphical abstract
Role of preexisting right ventricular remodeling (RVR) in symptoms and prognosis after transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVr).
Bi-Gaussian analysis reveals distinct education-related alterations in spherical equivalent and axial length—results from the Gutenberg Health Study
Authors: Hartmann Alica , Grabitz Stephanie Desirée , Wagner Felix Mathias , Wild Philipp Sebastian , Müller-Nurasyid Martina , Lackner Karl Johannes , Beutel Manfred Elmar , Münzel Thomas , Tüscher Oliver , Schattenberg Jörn Markus , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schuster Alexander Karl-Georg 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of spherical equivalent and axial length in the general population and to analyze the influence of education on spherical equivalent with a focus on ocular biometric parameters.

Methods
The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based cohort study in Mainz, Germany. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations as part of the 5-year follow-up examination in 2012–2017 including genotyping. The spherical equivalent and axial length distributions were modeled with gaussian mixture models. Regression analysis (on person-individual level) was performed to analyze associations between biometric parameters and educational factors. Mendelian randomization analysis explored the causal effect between spherical equivalent, axial length, and education. Additionally, effect mediation analysis examined the link between spherical equivalent and education.

Results
A total of 8532 study participants were included (median age: 57 years, 49% female). The distribution of spherical equivalent and axial length follows a bi-Gaussian function, partially explained by the length of education (i.e., < 11 years education vs. 11–20 years). Mendelian randomization indicated an effect of education on refractive error using a genetic risk score of education as an instrument variable (− 0.35 diopters per SD increase in the instrument, 95% CI, − 0.64–0.05, p = 0.02) and an effect of education on axial length (0.63 mm per SD increase in the instrument, 95% CI, 0.22–1.04, p = 0.003). Spherical equivalent, axial length and anterior chamber depth were associated with length of education in regression analyses. Mediation analysis revealed that the association between spherical equivalent and education is mainly driven (70%) by alteration in axial length.

Conclusions
The distribution of axial length and spherical equivalent is represented by subgroups of the population (bi-Gaussian). This distribution can be partially explained by length of education. The impact of education on spherical equivalent is mainly driven by alteration in axial length.
Locally applied heat stress during exercise training may promote adaptations to mitochondrial enzyme activities in skeletal muscle
Authors: Maunder Ed , King Andrew , Rothschild Jeffrey A. , Brick Matthew J. , Leigh Warren B. , Hedges Christopher P. , Merry Troy L. , Kilding Andrew E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is some evidence for temperature-dependent stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis; however, the role of elevated muscle temperature during exercise in mitochondrial adaptation to training has not been studied in humans in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of elevating muscle temperature during exercise in temperate conditions through the application of mild, local heat stress on mitochondrial adaptations to endurance training. Eight endurance-trained males undertook 3 weeks of supervised cycling training, during which mild (~ 40 °C) heat stress was applied locally to the upper-leg musculature of one leg during all training sessions (HEAT), with the contralateral leg serving as the non-heated, exercising control (CON). Vastus lateralis microbiopsies were obtained from both legs before and after the training period. Training-induced increases in complex I (fold-change, 1.24 ± 0.33 vs. 1.01 ± 0.49, P = 0.029) and II (fold-change, 1.24 ± 0.33 vs. 1.01 ± 0.49, P = 0.029) activities were significantly larger in HEAT than CON. No significant effects of training, or interactions between local heat stress application and training, were observed for complex I–V or HSP70 protein expressions. Our data provides partial evidence to support the hypothesis that elevating local muscle temperature during exercise augments training-induced adaptations to mitochondrial enzyme activity.