bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of fretting corrosion in machine elements
Authors: Kowal A. , Strzelecki S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHeavy duty machines, which are applied in coal mines, operate at extremely heavy environmental conditions. Their technological process of operation is characterised by variable loads during mining or transport which makes it necessary for these machines to have very high durability. In some cases, the operation of machine elements can be interrupted by failure. The reasons for such failures may be various.The machine's vibration generates relative micro displacements. After a comparatively short period of operation, the wear occurs on the surfaces of connected machine elements. This type of wear results from the occurrence of a complex phenomenon called fretting.There are different types of fretting, such as fretting‐fatigue, fretting‐wear, fretting‐adhesion and fretting‐corrosion. The last one is a special kind of machine element damage occurring on the surfaces of contacting elements loaded by pressure and simultaneously subjected to relative and small oscillation movements. Fretting is generated on condition that there exists a displacement between two contacting surfaces, the amplitude of which ranges from a few to tens of micrometres. Furthermore, some number of slip cycles and the normal load are indispensable. It is possible to find the expression for the dependence determining the amplitude of oscillation movements in the joint between two machine elements.The paper describes the mechanism and analysis of fretting corrosion, gives some examples of surface destruction and presents the amplitude of oscillation movements as well as the results of investigations into fretting in the cylindrical joints, e.g. pin joints applied in heavy duty conditions in coal mines such as in the case of suspension of hoisting devices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of cylinder‐on‐plate or block‐on‐ring sliding configurations on friction and wear of pure and filled engineering polymers
Authors: Samyn P. , De Baets P. , Keresztes R. , Zsidai L. , Kalacska G. , Kislinder E. , Kozma M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolyamides, polyesters and polyacetals are often used in line contacts under reciprocating or continuous sliding. These contacts are simulated on cylinder‐on‐plate (COP) or block‐on‐ring (BOR) tribotests. Comparative tests for pure, oil‐filled and solid lubricated polymers at 100N and 0.3m/s are presented for relative material classification. Differences are discussed according to the sliding geometries. Thermal effects dominate friction and wear behaviour: the polymer glass transition temperature is exceeded in COP tests while the temperature is lower in BOR tests. Thick and brittle films are observed for pure polymers in BOR tests, promoting higher friction. The test configuration is mainly important for evaluation of internal lubricants. The efficiency of oil‐lubricated polymers is not demonstrated in COP tests, while solid lubricants are not efficient in BOR tests. Deformation restricts the diffusion of oil lubricants in COP tests while solid lubricants are deposited on the polymer surface rather than being incorporated in the transfer film in BOR tests. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Sirolimus Treatment on Gene Expression in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Vickers Kasey , Mitra Rahul , Kapoor Mini , Kahan Barry , Morrisett Joel D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundSirolimus (rapamycin), a strong immunosuppressive agent, is administered to renal transplant patients to prevent rejection. The rapamycin signaling pathway [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)] has been implicated in transcriptional regulation.MethodsWe used high‐density oligonucleotide human microarrays to evaluate the effects of sirolimus treatment on gene expression in renal transplant patients. With this technique, we assessed selected genes in the rapamycin signaling, immunosuppression, insulin signaling, and triglyceride metabolism pathways.ResultsFiltered data from both treated and untreated patients showed variability within each group. Significant fold changes were observed in genes from the immunosuppression and insulin signaling pathways but not the rapamycin signaling pathway. The triglyceride metabolism pathway revealed a significant reduction of message levels in lipoprotein and triglyceride synthesis genes.ConclusionsThese results show that using oligonucleotide microarrays to analyze the effects of sirolimus treatment in patients with renal transplant is an effective way to evaluate gene message levels in multiple pathways.
Ultra violet sensors based on nanostructured ZnO spheres in network of nanowires: a novel approach
Authors: Hullavarad SS , Hullavarad NV , Karulkar PC , Luykx A , Valdivia P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The ZnO nanostructures consisting of micro spheres in a network of nano wires were synthesized by direct vapor phase method. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy measurements were carried out to understand the chemical nature of the sample. ZnO nanostructures exhibited band edge luminescence at 383 nm. The nanostructure based ZnO thin films were used to fabricate UV sensors. The photoresponse measurements were carried out and the responsivity was measured to be 50 mA W−1. The rise and decay time measurements were also measured.
PARTICIPATION RATES AND THE DIFFERENCE IN PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN AND MEN IN CHESS
Authors: BILALIĆ MERIM , MCLEOD PETER 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe superiority of men over women in chess has been cited as evidence that there are fundamental differences in male and female intelligence (Howard, 2005a, 2006; Irwing & Lynn, 2005). An alternative interpretation of the difference is that it is due to differential male and female participation rates in chess (Charness & Gerchak, 1996; Bilalić & McLeod, 2006; Chabris & Glickman, in press). This has been dismissed by Howard (2006) on the grounds that changes in the difference in skill level between top male and female players in recent years are not correlated with changing relative participation rates. Here it is shown that Howard’s analysis is misleading. The data are consistent with differential participation rates as the explanation of the gap between the performance of women and men in chess.
Controlled Pilot Development Unit‐Scale Fed‐Batch Cultivation of Yeast on Spruce Hydrolysates
Authors: Rudolf Andreas , Lequeux Gaspard , Lidén Gunnar 
Published: March 2007

AbstractYeast production on hydrolysate is a likely process solution in large‐scale ethanol production from lignocellulose. The hydrolysate will be available on site, and the yeast has furthermore been shown to acquire an increased inhibitor tolerance when cultivated on hydrolysate. However, due to over‐flow metabolism and inhibition, efficient yeast production on hydrolysate can only be achieved by well‐controlled substrate addition. In the present work, a method was developed for controlled addition of hydrolysate to PDU (process development unit)‐scale aerobic fed‐batch cultivations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB 3000. A feed rate control strategy, which maintains the ethanol concentration at a low constant level, was adapted to process‐like conditions. The ethanol concentration was obtained from on‐line measurements of the ethanol mole fraction in the exhaust gas. A computer model of the system was developed to optimize control performance. Productivities, biomass yields, and byproduct formation were evaluated. The feed rate control worked satisfactorily and maintained the ethanol concentration close to the setpoint during the cultivations. Biomass yields of 0.45 g/g were obtained on added hexoses during cultivation on hydrolysate and of 0.49 g/g during cultivation on a synthetic medium with glucose as the carbon source. Exponential growth was achieved with a specific growth rate of 0.18 h−1 during cultivation on hydrolysate and 0.22 h−1 during cultivation on glucose.
Microarray blob-defect removal improves array analysis
Authors: Song Jun S. , Maghsoudi Kaveh , Li Wei , Fox Edward , Quackenbush John , Shirley Liu X. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMotivation: New generation Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays often have blob-like image defects that will require investigators to either repeat their hybridization assays or analyze their data with the defects left in place. We investigated the effect of analyzing a spike-in experiment on Affymetrix ENCODE tiling arrays in the presence of simulated blobs covering between 1 and 9% of the array area. Using two different ChIP-chip tiling array analysis programs (Affymetrix tiling array software, TAS, and model-based analysis of tiling arrays, MAT), we found that even the smallest blob defects significantly decreased the sensitivity and increased the false discovery rate (FDR) of the spike-in target prediction.Results: We introduced a new software tool, the microarray blob remover (MBR), which allows rapid visualization, detection and removal of various blob defects from the .CEL files of different types of Affymetrix microarrays. It is shown that using MBR significantly improves the sensitivity and FDR of a tiling array analysis compared to leaving the affected probes in the analysis.Availability: The MBR software and the sample array .CEL files used in this article are available at: http://liulab.dfci.harvard.edu/Software/MBR/MBR.htmContact: xsliu@jimmy.harvard.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NucPred—Predicting nuclear localization of proteins
Authors: Brameier Markus , Krings Andrea , MacCallum Robert M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSummary: NucPred analyzes patterns in eukaryotic protein sequences and predicts if a protein spends at least some time in the nucleus or no time at all. Subcellular location of proteins represents functional information, which is important for understanding protein interactions, for the diagnosis of human diseases and for drug discovery. NucPred is a novel web tool based on regular expression matching and multiple program classifiers induced by genetic programming. A likelihood score is derived from the programs for each input sequence and each residue position. Different forms of visualization are provided to assist the detection of nuclear localization signals (NLSs). The NucPred server also provides access to additional sources of biological information (real and predicted) for a better validation and interpretation of results.Availability: The web interface to the NucPred tool is provided at http://www.sbc.su.se/~maccallr/nucpred. In addition, the Perl code is made freely available under the GNU Public Licence (GPL) for simple incorporation into other tools and web servers.Contact: brameier@birc.au.dk, r.maccallum@imperial.ac.uk
COBALT: constraint-based alignment tool for multiple protein sequences
Authors: Papadopoulos Jason S. , Agarwala Richa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMotivation: A tool that simultaneously aligns multiple protein sequences, automatically utilizes information about protein domains, and has a good compromise between speed and accuracy will have practical advantages over current tools.Results: We describe COBALT, a constraint based alignment tool that implements a general framework for multiple alignment of protein sequences. COBALT finds a collection of pairwise constraints derived from database searches, sequence similarity and user input, combines these pairwise constraints, and then incorporates them into a progressive multiple alignment. We show that using constraints derived from the conserved domain database (CDD) and PROSITE protein-motif database improves COBALT's alignment quality. We also show that COBALT has reasonable runtime performance and alignment accuracy comparable to or exceeding that of other tools for a broad range of problems.Availability: COBALT is included in the NCBI C++ toolkit. A Linux executable for COBALT, and CDD and PROSITE data used is available at: ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/agarwala/cobaltContact: richa@helix.nih.gov
Cleavage at Tryptophan by ο-Iodosobenzoic Acid
Authors: Simpson Richard J. 
Published: March 2007

INTRODUCTIONChemical reagents that selectively cleave at tryptophan residues have contributed greatly to the elucidation of protein structure and function. This protocol uses ο-iodosobenzoic acid for specific cleavage at tryptophan residues.
Preparing Cytoplasmic Extracts from Drosophila Embryos
Authors: Moritz Michelle 
Published: March 2007

INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, Drosophila has been an excellent source for biochemical quantities of proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as cytoskeletal function and RNA binding. It is relatively simple to obtain a high-quality Drosophila embryonic cytoplasmic extract for protein purification or biochemistry, if population cages are used that produce at least 5 g of embryos during a 3-hour period. Smaller quantities of embryos can be used to produce extracts for in vitro biochemical assays. This protocol describes the collection and dechorionation of Drosophila embryos and the preparation of cytoplasmic extracts.
Persistent pain is associated with substance use after detoxification: a prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Larson Mary Jo , Paasche‐Orlow Michael , Cheng Debbie M. , Lloyd‐Travaglini Christine , Saitz Richard , Samet Jeffrey H. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTAims  To test the hypothesis that persistent pain is associated with an increased odds of substance use after detoxification.Design  Analysis of data from a prospective cohort enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to improve linkage with primary medical care.Setting  An urban residential detoxification program.Participants  Adults (n = 397) enrolled in the RCT with heroin, alcohol or cocaine as a substance of choice and at least one follow‐up interview.Measurements  The key independent variable was pain status: persistent pain (moderate to very severe pain at all available interviews), no pain (mild pain or less at all available interviews) and intermittent pain (all others). There were four outcomes of interest: self‐reported use of any substance; heroin/opioid use; heavy alcohol use; and cocaine use 24 months after detoxification. Multivariable logistic regression controlled for several covariates including demographics, physical/sexual abuse, depressive symptoms, duration of follow‐up and addiction severity at study entry.Findings  Pain in detoxification patients was common; 16% had persistent pain and 54% had intermittent pain. Persistent pain was associated with an increased odds for use of any substance [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–9.3], heroin/opioid use (AOR 5.4, 95% CI 2.1–13.8) and heavy alcohol use (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.5) at the 24‐month follow‐up. A statistically non‐significant increase in the odds of cocaine use (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9–4.6) was also observed.Conclusions  Among individuals leaving residential detoxification, chronic pain is a common problem and is associated independently with long‐term substance use after detoxification. Addressing pain as a treatable chronic condition among adults receiving detoxification presents a potential opportunity to improve long‐term clinical outcomes and warrants further intervention research.
A randomized, controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of a transdermal delivery system of nicotine/mecamylamine in cigarette smokers
Authors: Glover Elbert D. , Laflin Molly T. , Schuh Kory J. , Schuh Leslie M. , Nides Mitch , Christen Arden G. , Glover Penny N. , Strnad Julia V. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTAims  To determine the efficacy and safety of nicotine transdermal therapy co‐administered with the nicotine antagonist, mecamylamine, compared to a nicotine transdermal patch alone (21 mg nicotine + 6 mg mecamylamine, 21 mg nicotine + 3 mg mecamylamine, and 21 mg nicotine + 0 mg mecamylamine).Design  Multi‐center (n = 4), double‐blind, randomized, parallel group, repeat‐dose study.Setting  Clinical laboratory.Participants  A total of 540 subjects were enrolled into the study—135 from each of four sites; 180 patients in each of three treatment arms.Intervention  Treatment was administered for the first 6 weeks of the 8‐week study. Patients were instructed to continue smoking for the first 2 weeks of treatment.Measurements  The primary efficacy parameter was 4‐week continuous abstinence after the quit date, confirmed with an expired carbon monoxide of < 10 parts per million.Findings  Analysis of the 4‐week continuous abstinence for the intent‐to‐treat population showed overall rates of 29% (nicotine + 6 mg mecamylamine), 29% (nicotine + 3 mg mecamylamine) and 23% (nicotine only) using the slip definition which allows smoking in the first 2 weeks after the quit date. Statistical analyses revealed no significant treatment differences. Analyses using the strict definition (no smoking after the quit date) yielded similar non‐significant group differences (29%, 27%, 26%).Conclusion  If adding mecamylamine to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) improves the chances of success at stopping smoking, the results of this study suggest that the effect is very small.
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity and the IVS14+1G>A mutation in patients developing 5FU‐related toxicity
Authors: Magné Nicolas , Etienne‐Grimaldi Marie‐Christine , Cals Laurent , Renée Nicole , Formento Jean‐Louis , Francoual Mireille , Milano Gérard 
Published: March 2007

What is already known about this subject • Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency is known to be a major cause of severe 5FU‐related toxicity.• A link has been previously shown between 5FU toxicity and either low enzyme activity measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNC) or germinal DPD mutations.• The link between the most common DPD mutation (IVS14+1G>A) and PMNC enzyme activity is poorly documented. What this study adds • This paper provides the largest series of case‐reports (n = 131) with 5FU‐related toxicity, analyzed for both PMNC‐DPD activity and the IVS14+1G>A mutation.• A very low incidence of the IVS14+1G>A mutation (2.2%) was observed in this selected Caucasian population.• Present data suggest that IVS14+1 mutation screening has limited effectiveness in identifying patients at risk for severe 5FU toxicity. Also, patients with normal PMNC‐DPD activity may develop life‐threatening toxicity.AimsTo examine retrospectively the relationship between DPD phenotype/genotype and the intensity of 5FU toxicity.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐one case‐reports (81 women, 50 men) with 5FU‐related toxicity were analyzed.ResultsThe lower the DPD activity (10–504 pmol min−1 mg−1), the higher the toxicity grade was scored (P < 0.01). Toxicity‐related deaths occurred in nine patients (eight women) who significantly expressed lower DPD activity than other patients. Two of the deceased patients had normal DPD activity. The IVS14+1G>A mutation, analyzed in 93 patients, was detected in two patients (nonlethal toxicity).ConclusionsThe IVS14+1G>A mutation may not help prevent toxicity and patients with normal DPD activity may develop life‐threatening 5FU toxicity.
Frequent epigenetic silencing of protocadherin 10 by methylation in multiple haematologic malignancies
Authors: Ying Jianming , Gao Zifen , Li Hongyu , Srivastava Gopesh , Murray Paul G. , Goh Hwee Koon , Lim Chai Yen , Wang Yajun , Marafioti Teresa , Mason David Y. , Ambinder Richard F. , Chan Anthony T. C. , Tao Qian 
Published: March 2007

SummaryEpigenetic silencing of tumour suppressor genes (TSG) inactivates TSG functions. Previously, we identified PCDH10 as a methylated TSG in carcinomas. Here, we detected its frequent silencing and methylation in lymphoma cell lines including 100% Burkitt, 100% diffuse large B cell, 86% Hodgkin, 100% nasal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma and 1/3 of leukaemia cell lines, and in primary tumours but not in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells or lymph nodes. PCDH10 silencing could be reversed by demethylation with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine. Methylation was further detected in 14% of Hodgkin lymphoma sera. Thus, PCDH10 methylation is frequently involved in lymphomagenesis and could serve as a tumour‐specific biomarker.
Touch cytology in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori: comparison of four staining methods
Authors: Hashemi M. R. , Rahnavardi M. , Bikdeli B. , Dehghani Zahedani M. , Iranmanesh F. 
Published: March 2007

Objectives:  Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a major cause of peptic ulcer disease and an important risk factor for gastric malignancy, can be diagnosed by several methods. Touch cytology (TC) of the gastric mucosa has been noted to give good results and has been found to be very simple, inexpensive and rapid. However, evidence regarding the accuracy of different staining methods of TC is lacking. The present study aims at defining the diagnostic accuracy of four different staining methods of TC.Methods:  Biopsy specimens were taken from the antral mucosa of one hundred consecutive patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) for various indications. TC slides were processed by four staining methods: Wright, Giemsa, Papanicolaou and Gram. Rapid urease test (RUT) and histological examination of specimens were also performed. The same experienced pathologist evaluated the coded samples. A patient's Hp status was established by minimum concordance of the three tests, including histology, RUT, and ‘Touch mean’. The latter was defined positive when at least three of the four TC staining methods were positive.Results:  Forty‐six patients (46%) were positive for Hp according to Hp status. TC stained by Wright had excellent agreement with both histology (κ = 0.80, P < 0.001) and RUT (κ = 0.84, P < 0.001). Regarding Hp status, histology was 100% sensitive and RUT was 100% specific. Wright‐stained TC (88.89%) was significantly more specific than both Giemsa‐ (74.07%; P < 0.05) and Papanicolaou‐stained (70.37%; P < 0.05) TC.Conclusions:  RUT should still be acknowledged as the primary test in diagnosing Hp following UGIE. If RUT is negative and Hp detection is intended only, Wright‐stained TC can safely substitute for histology. However, when assessment for severity of mucosal damage or cell atypias is meant, histology cannot be neglected.
Adsorption and transport of nitrate and potassium in an Andosol under banana (Guadeloupe, French West Indies)
Authors: Sansoulet J. , Cabidoche Y. M. , Cattan P. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA series of batch, soil column and field experiments was carried out in order to study nitrate and potassium transport and to improve fertilizer practices in an Andosol under a banana plantation. The focus of the study was on the influence of the substantial variable charge of the soil on ion transport. Leaching of both K+ and NO3−‐N through the Andosol were both retarded, as expected, because of the soil’s cation and anion exchange capacities (CEC and AEC). Under acidic conditions, the B horizon, with the greater allophane content, developed preferential affinity for nitrate. The A horizon, with both organic and mineral adsorption sites, exhibited a stronger affinity for potassium than the B horizon when the soil solution pH was below the zero point of charge (ZPC). Fast leaching of nutrients occurred under the banana stem due to the abundant stemflow derived from rainfall interception by the banana plant. Intensive leaching under the plant questions the concept of fertilizer application at the plant stem.