bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical leukaemia of long duration with monoclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia
Authors: Constantoulakis M. , Phocas E. , Theodoropoulos G. 
Published: June 2007

A patient with atypical acute leukaemia is described. This patient has, in addition, monoclonal IgG hyperglobulinaemia without myelomatous lesions and is living and well three years after diagnosis.The cell types found in the blood and in the bone marrow are atypical, and the histochemical findings are discussed.The relationship between monoclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia and malignant blood diseases is also discussed, and the literature on the subject reviewed.
Measurement of mercury in human urine
Authors: Goldberg D. M. , Clarke A. D. 
Published: June 2007

Four methods of determining the concentration of mercury in human urine have been studied. A simple method suitable for general laboratory use is recommended and the requirements for accurate results are defined. The method employs mild oxidation with permanganate and HS2O4followed by dithizone extraction and measurement of absorbance at 485 nm and 620 nm.No mercury was detected in any of 74 urines from unexposed laboratory controls and hospital patients. A random urine sample seems adequate for the investigation of clinical or industrial mercury poisoning. Two individuals, free of symptoms, but subjected to moderate exposure, excreted 3·0-9·7 μg of mercury per 100 ml of urine.After the administration of an organic mercurial to two volunteers, urinary excretion was rapid and virtually complete within 48 hours.
Vitamin B12levels in erythrocytes in normal subjects and in pernicious anaemia
Authors: Harrison R. J. 
Published: June 2007

A reliable method is described for the assay of vitamin B12activity in erythrocytes usingLactobacillus leichmannii.The results are shown for age, sex, and blood group in normal subjects, and before, during, and after therapy in vitamin B12deficiency anaemia.The normal range is 85-225 pg/ml (mean = 155 ± 35 pg/ml). Raised levels were found in the newborn, and subnormal levels in subjects aged 70 years and over and in males aged 10 to 19 years. There were no differences in erythrocyte vitamin B12levels between the ABO or Rhesus blood groups.In pernicious anaemia low levels are found before treatment (mean = 91 pg/ml), followed by a rapid rise during vitamin B12therapy (mean peak = 482 pg/ml), and falling more slowly towards normal after the initial haematological response.
Validity of the British system for anticoagulant control using the national reagent
Authors: Alderson M. R. , Poller L. , Thomson Jean M. 
Published: June 2007

The national system for anticoagulant control depends on drawing the best line obtained by visual comparison of the points representing corresponding prothrombin ratios with the British comparative thromboplastin in the local reagent. This line is then used to correct subsequent values using the local laboratory method of corresponding values in terms of the British comparative thromboplastin.A study has been made of the statistical validity of the recommended system for anticoagulant control using the Quick one-stage test by comparing the line drawn by inspection with the confidence limits of the regression line.There was little difference between the best straight line by visual comparison and the calculated line for the majority of hospitals. The recommended procedure, therefore, provides an adequate conversion of the local method to the British comparative thromboplastin without the need for calculation.The significance of aberrant points is discussed and it is suggested that when more than two of the 12 results fall in this category the standardization procedure should be repeated.
Macrocytosis in Down's syndrome and during long-term anticonvulsant therapy
Authors: Eastham R. D. , Jancar J. 
Published: June 2007

In a group of non-anaemic mentally retarded patients a significant increase in mean red cell volume has been demonstrated in epileptic patients being treated with anticonvulsants. The possible sites of interference of anticonvulsants with folate activity in the body, and problems associated with folic acid supplements during anticonvulsant therapy, are discussed.During the survey it was confirmed that the mean red cell volume is abnormally increased in many cases of Down's syndrome.
Electrophoretic separation of tissue-specific serum alkaline phosphatases
Authors: Canapa-Anson R. , Rowe D. J. F. 
Published: June 2007

Previous electrophoretic methods for the separation of tissue-specific serum alkaline phosphatases have either been unable to separate the liver and bone enzymes or have been too involved for routine clinical use. A relatively simple electrophoretic method is described which separates placental, liver, bone, and intestinal alkaline phosphatases in serum. The clinical applications of such a method appear to be mainly in the differential diagnosis of liver and bone disease, especially in complicated hypercalcaemic states where tumour metastases can affect both bone and liver, in children, and possibly in cirrhosis of the liver.No differences in electrophoretic mobility could be seen between zymograms of different diseases affecting the same organ. Patients presenting with hepatic cirrhosis all showed a marked serum intestinal alkaline phosphatase zone as well as a liver zone on electrophoresis. An intestinal zone was not present with other types of hepatobiliary disease.The heterogeneity of total serum alkaline phosphatase activity in normal subjects is demonstrated, alkaline phosphatases of liver and bone, and sometimes of intestine being present in normal serum.Results obtained in women in the last trimester of pregnancy and in old people are also discussed.
An assessment of techniques suitable for the diagnosis of sickle-cell disease and haemoglobin C disease in cord blood samples
Authors: Yawson G. I. , Huntsman R. G. , Metters J. S. 
Published: June 2007

Agar gel, cellulose acetate, and starch gel electrophoresis are all capable of diagnosing sickle-cell anaemia, sickle-cell haemoglobin C disease, and haemoglobin C disease in cord blood samples. Of these three electrophoretic techniques, agar gel is the easiest to interpret.Paper electrophoresis can reliably and rapidly detect sickle haemoglobin and haemoglobin C in cord blood samples. Being incapable of differentiating foetal and normal adult haemoglobin, the value of paper electrophoresis is limited to an initial screening procedure.
Chromosomal aberrations in infective hepatitis
Authors: Matsaniotis N. , Kiossoglou K. , Maounis F. , Anagnostakis D. 
Published: June 2007

Structural chromosomal aberrations, in the form of breaks, were found in a significantly higher proportion of bone marrow cells in patients with infective hepatitis than in controls. These anomalies were observed during the first and third weeks after the onset of jaundice but had subsided by the sixth week.Chromosomal aberrations did not appear to be related to the severity of infective hepatitis or to the sex or age of the patients.The distribution of chromosomal abnormalities did not appear to be random; they were observed predominantly in the A2and B4-5series. Since no abnormalities were detected in the G-group chromosomes, no evidence in support of a relationship between infective hepatitis and Down's syndrome was obtained.Numerical chromosomal aberrations were not observed, nor was any evidence obtained that mitotic activity of bone marrow cells is suppressed in patients with infective hepatitis.
Alkaline phosphatase activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes separated from normal human blood
Authors: Park Judith K. 
Published: June 2007

Suspensions of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and lymphocytes were prepared from normal human blood by the glass bead column method of Rabinowitz (1964). The alkaline phosphatase activity of the separated cells was determined by biochemical and cytochemical techniques.Lymphocytes were found to contain an enzyme catalysing the hydrolysis of β-glycerophosphate at alkalinepH but not of p-nitrophenylphosphate at the samepH and in the same buffer system. The alkaline phosphatase in polymorphonuclear leucocytes catalysed the hydrolysis of both substrates equally. The importance of this finding to the interpretation of clinical data is discussed.
Sensitivity ofHartmannella(Acanthamoeba) to5-fluorocytosine, hydroxystilbamidine, and other substances
Authors: Casemore David P. 
Published: June 2007

The effect of 24 anti-amoebic and other chemotherapeutic compounds on six strains of hartmannellid amoebae was studied by tissue culture, agar diffusion, and liquid axenic culture.Of the recognized anti-amoebic compounds only one inhibited growth of the amoebae, which were remarkable for their resistance.Two compounds, hydroxystilbamidine isethionate and 5-fluorocytosine, showed some amoebicidal activity while some others were inhibitory.
Folate binders in body fluids
Authors: Retief F. P. , Huskisson Yvonne J. 
Published: June 2007

In normal serum, saline dialysis for 48 hours in Visking casing resulted in folate clearance closely comparable to that produced by haemoglobin-coated charcoal adsorption, except in kwashiorkor where charcoal removed a greater proportion of folate. Pre- and post-dialysis values probably represented total and bound folate, respectively. Urinary folate consisted almost exclusively of dialyzable or free folate. Folate in saliva, bile, and erythrocytes consisted of dialyzable and non-dialyzable fractions; gastric juice contained minimal amounts of folate.In spite of low serum albumin in kwashiorkor the bound folate fraction was increased rather than decreased; in myeloma with hyperglobulinaemia there was no increase in the bound folate fraction. Nephrotic urine did not contain excess folate, but pregnancy urine (third trimester) showed increased total folate.Serum, chromatographed on Sephadex G-25, produced two folate peaks, only the first being associated with serum proteins. Urine contained only a second folate peak corresponding to the elution peak of pteroyl-monoglutamic acid (PGA). Adsorption studies with charcoal coated with `molecular sieves' of varying size suggested that the predominant serum folate binder was of molecular weight 70,000-120,000. It is unlikely to be albumin.
The Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen in fibrinogen and other fractions of human plasma
Authors: Zuckerman A. J. , Taylor Patricia E. , Bird R. G. , Russell Susan M. 
Published: June 2007

Human plasma containing the Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen was fractionated by the cold ethanol method of Cohn, Strong, Hughes, Mulford, Ashworth, Melin, and Taylor (1946) and small aliquots were examined for the presence of this antigen by immunodiffusion and by electron microscopy. The findings were in general agreement with the postulated risk of transmitting hepatitis by blood derivatives. The Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen was detected in fibrinogen, thrombin, and antihaemophilic globulin as well as in other fractions. The antigen was not found in gamma globulin (immunoglobulin fraction) nor in albumin.The use of radioiodinated fibrinogen for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is discussed and it is concluded that the use of fibrinogen for diagnostic procedures should be assessed against the possible risk of hepatitis.
Cloxacillin-resistant staphylococci in a children's hospital
Authors: Skirrow M. B. , Rogers K. B. 
Published: June 2007

Two hundred and thirty-seven selected, penicillin-resistant isolates ofStaph. aureuscollected over a 13-month period were examined retrospectively for cloxacillin/methicillin resistance; 44 were found to be resistant. Six other strains which had been preserved from an earlier period were also found to be resistant. All 50 cloxacillin-resistant strains were in addition resistant to streptomycin and several other antibiotics. According to their resistance patterns and reactions to phages, they could be classified into two categories.The proportion of cloxacillin-resistant strains among the total number of staphylococci isolated during the 13-month period was estimated to be 2·7%. Children most at risk from infection were those undergoing long-term hospital treatment and on several occasions children transferred from other hospitals in the region were found to be carrying resistant strains. Most infections caused by these strains were minor but they were nevertheless capable of producing severe illness and they were responsible for 33% of all staphylococcal wound infections.
Comparison of three serological methods for the detection of hepatitis-associated antigen
Authors: White G. B. Bruce , Lasheen Ragaa M. , Baillie Margery B. , Turner G. C. 
Published: June 2007

Serum hepatitis (Australia) antigen in the sera of hepatitis patients and carriers can be detected in one and a half to three hours by crossover electrophoresis. The method is more sensitive than the immunodiffusion technique commonly employed in this field. It is of the same order of sensitivity as complement fixation but is less complicated.Crossover electrophoresis is thus the method of choice for the rapid screening of sera for hepatitis antigen; complement fixation may be used for quantitative determination of antigen in positive cases.
Enzymatic and immunochemical determination of plasminogen and plasmin in different physiological and pathological states
Authors: Mannucci P. M. , Stabilini R. , Bragotti R. , Marasini Bianca , Agostoni A. 
Published: June 2007

Plasminogen and plasmin have been determined in the same plasma samples in normal subjects and in various physiological and pathological conditions (pregnancy, liver cirrhosis, untreated cancer, and myocardial infarction during treatment with streptokinase) by means of two different methods. These were an enzymatic assay and a new immunochemical assay based on radial immunodiffusion employing cellulose acetate strips.A significant correlation was found in normal subjects. However, in the other conditions marked discrepancies were observed in the results by the two methods. These findings might be related to variations in the functional activity of plasminogen and plasmin in disease.
Endocardial fibroelastosis in children with special reference to the lesions of cardiac ganglia
Authors: Żółtowska Albina 
Published: June 2007

In all cases of primary endocardial fibroelastosis investigated diffuse degenerative changes in the ganglion cells were detected. Thickened endocardium was formed by the proliferation of mesenchymal cells located under the endothelial endocardium and of the mesenchyme surrounding the necrobiotic muscle cells. In some cases `axial' vacuolar degeneration, necrobiosis, and necrosis of muscle cells, interstitial oedema, and dilatation of capillaries and lymphatic spaces were found in the whole myocardium. In all cases these changes were in the subendocardial layer.In the cases discussed morphological changes in the endocardium were seen to be secondary to lesions in myocardial and possibly in neural structures.
The effect of oxygen on the fibrinolytic enzyme systemin vivo
Authors: Cunningham G. M. , Boyd G. , Windebank J. , Moran F. , McNicol G. P. 
Published: June 2007

Arterial hypoxia has been accepted as a potent stimulus to increased fibrinolytic activityin vivo.This study has shown that significant levels of arterial hypoxaemia induced in healthy volunteers by breathing a hypoxic gas mixture have failed to induce changes in the fibrinolytic enzyme system.
Some observations on complement-fixing antibodies to the EB virus
Authors: Sutton R. N. P. , Marston S. D. , Emond R. T. D. 
Published: June 2007

Complement-fixing antibodies against an antigen prepared from the EB3 line of cultured Burkitt tumour cells were studied in various groups of patients and control individuals. Higher antibody titres were observed in patients with Burkitt's tumour than in African patients with other diagnoses. Significantly more medical students and nurses with a history of infectious mononucleosis possessed antibodies than those with no such history. Low levels of antibody were observed in patients during the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis and these levels were significantly lower than those in patients admitted to the same hospital with other diagnoses.During the early months following the acute phase of illness, EB complement-fixing antibodies remained stationary or apparently declined in titre but, in patients tested one or more years later, significantly higher antibody levels were observed.
Preparation of unfixed undemineralized bone sections: the Bright bone cryostat
Authors: Pearse A. D. , Gardner D. L. 
Published: June 2007

A bone cryostat is described with which cold sections of unfixed, undemineralized calcified tissue can be prepared.The bone cryostat is suitable for the preparation of the sections required for the histochemical and immunofluorescent study of bone, for electron microprobe analysis, and for bone and joint autoradiography with soluble compounds.
Changes in the normal range of thyroidal radioiodine uptake
Authors: Keeling D. H. , Williams E. S. 
Published: June 2007

Three series of patients shown to be euthyroid but originally referred for thyroid uptake testsin vivohave been compared.In 1958-59, the `normal' mean thyroid uptake was 23·5% and 38·2% respectively at four and 24 hours. By 1967, the mean uptakes had dropped to 20·4% and 31·6%—a significant change at both times. By 1972 there was, however, no sign of a further reduction of the mean normal values for thyroid uptake.These results are compared with changes observed in other series in the USA and elsewhere.
Some factors influencing the effect of cholesterol on streptolysin O activity
Authors: Watson K. C. , Rose T. P. , Kerr E. J. C. 
Published: June 2007

Inhibition of streptolysin O activity by cholesterol depends on the latter being in free form. The normal esterified and protein-bound cholesterol fractions in serum do not influence streptolysin O activity. However, high cholesterol levels in rabbits fed cholesterol with cholic acid were associated with an increased antistreptolysin O effect. It is suggested that this occurs when all available protein sites are saturated and where a true `free' cholesterol fraction is present.Splitting the esterified cholesterol fraction of human sera with raised cholesterol levels, by means of pancreatin, produced an increased antistreptolysin O effect, again presumably because of saturation of protein-binding sites. Similarly, removal of non-esterified cholesterol from sera of cholesterolfed rabbits, by means of digitonin, reduced antistreptolysin O activity of the sera.Evidence is presented that combination of bovine serum albumin and streptolysin O has a steric hindrance effect on attachment of cholesterol to streptolysin O.The method described for the estimation of free cholesterol is extremely sensitive, being capable of detecting concentrations of less than 1·0 μg/ml.
The role of creatinine and histidine in Benedict's qualitative test for reducing sugar in urine
Authors: Sur B. K. , Shukla R. K. , Agashe V. S. 
Published: June 2007

The statement made in some standard textbooks that Benedict's qualitative test gives a green, yellow, or orange-red precipitate with pure solutions of glucose of varying strength has been shown to be incorrect. Pure solutions of glucose give only a bright red precipitate at all concentrations. These changes in the colour of the suspensions are observed with urinary glucose only.The difference in the action of glucose in water and in urine has been shown to be mostly due to creatinine and to a small extent to the histidine content of urine. The colour of the precipitate depends not only on the concentration of glucose but also on that of creatinine. An increase in concentration of creatinine tends to make the precipitate more yellow. Histidine has a similar though much smaller effect. Attention has been drawn to possible errors in the semi-quantitative assay of urinary glucose by Benedict's test arising out of variation in concentration of creatinine and histidine.
Rapid analysis of pregnanediol in pregnancy urine
Authors: Cooper W. , Coyle M. G. , Smith V. K. 
Published: June 2007

A simple, inexpensive, and rapid method for the determination of pregnanediol in pregnancy urine by gas liquid chromatography is described. Automatic injection of the samples into the gas chromatograph allows up to 36 samples to be run overnight thus saving valuable technical time.The method described can easily be adopted for use in a routine steroid laboratory. The results obtained by this method have been compared with values obtained by the method of Klopper, Michie, and Brown (1955).
An immunoradiometric assay for ferritin in the serum of normal subjects and patients with iron deficiency and iron overload
Authors: Addison G. M. , Beamish M. R. , Hales C. N. , Hodgkins M. , Jacobs A. , Llewellin P. 
Published: June 2007

An immunoradiometric assay for human ferritin has been developed. Concentrations of ferritin in the serum of male and female controls and patients with iron deficiency and iron overload were measured.Male controls were found to have a significantly higher mean concentration of serum ferritin than females. Patients with iron deficiency had significantly lower levels than normals of either sex and patients with iron overload had greatly elevated serum ferritin concentrations. It is thought that the serum ferritin concentration may reflect the iron stores of the body.
Renal hyalin
Authors: Lendrum A. C. , Slidders W. , Fraser D. S. 
Published: June 2007

This describes the sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue (SAB) method for staining amyloid in paraffin sections. Its value lies in the possibility of subsequent counterstaining and thus of revealing the structural relationships of amyloid.In the kidney the topical disposition of amyloid closely resembles the disposition of fibrin in the kidney of diabetics; this suggests that upset in vascular permeability plays a part in determining the site of the amyloid deposits. Furthermore, an aging process in amyloid can now be envisaged resembling the aging of extraluminal fibrin. Both materials proceed to a hyalin material that, staining like collagen, merits the name pseudo-collagen. This term we apply to a hyalin, staining like collagen, for which, we can postulate a specific precursor.
Pulmonary fibrosis following therapy with Melphalan for multiple myeloma
Authors: Codling B. W. , Chakera T. M. H. 
Published: June 2007

A patient suffering from multiple myeloma developed pulmonary fibrosis, of a type known to be associated wtih busulphan, whilst being treated with Melphalan.The possible role of Melphalan as the causative agent is discussed. Reference is made to other possible aetiological agents and the reasons for their exclusion are discussed.
Routine application of the nitroblue tetrazolium test in the clinical laboratory
Authors: Gordon A. M. , Rowan R. M. , Brown T. , Carson H. G. 
Published: June 2007

A modified nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT) is described which is suitable for routine application in the haematology or bacteriology laboratory and which provides a rapid aid to the diagnosis of bacterial infection.Hitherto published methods have recommended the use of heparinized whole blood samples for the performance of the NBT test. However, we have demonstrated that the use of the sucrose polymer Ficoll permits the test to be carried out on buffy coats prepared from venous blood anticoagulated in sequestrene (EDTA).The mean percentage of NBT-positive neutrophils in 60 healthy control subjects was 6·1. The mean percentage of NBT-positive neutrophils in 56 patients with confirmed or presumed bacterial infection was 34·2. Scores within the normal range were observed in 13 patients in this group. Forty-eight individuals with viral infection yielded a mean percentage of NBT-positive neutrophils of 8·5. Six patients in this group gave scores above the upper limit of normal.Both pathological groups are described in detail and applications of this test are suggested.