bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opicapone to Treat Early Wearing‐off in Parkinson's Disease Patients: The Korean ADOPTION Trial
Authors: Lee Jee‐Young , Ma Hyeo‐il , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Rocha José‐Francisco , Sung Young Hee , Song In‐Uk , Ahn Tae‐Beom , Kwon Do Young , Cheon Sang‐Myung , Kim Jong‐Min , Lee Chong Sik , Lee Phil Hyu , Park Jeong‐Ho , Lee Jae‐Hyeok , Park Mee Young , Kim Sang Jin , Baik Jong Sam , Choi Seong‐Min , Shin Hae‐Won , Lee Ho‐Won , Kang Suk Yun , Jeon Beomseok 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing levodopa (L‐dopa)/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (DDCI) daily dose or adding a catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor to levodopa/DDCI therapy are strategies used to manage wearing‐off symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.ObjectivesTo evaluate the COMT inhibitor opicapone versus an additional dose of levodopa to treat early wearing‐off in PD patients.MethodsADOPTION was a randomized, parallel‐group, open‐label, Phase 4 study conducted in Korea. At baseline, eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to opicapone 50 mg (n = 87) or L‐dopa 100 mg (n = 81) (added to current L‐dopa/DDCI therapy) for 4 weeks. The main efficacy endpoint was change from baseline to end of study in absolute off time. Other endpoints included changes in on time, in Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and 8‐item PD Questionnaire scores, and the Clinical and Patient Global Impression of Improvement/Change.ResultsThe adjusted mean in absolute off time was significantly greater for opicapone 50 mg than for L‐dopa 100 mg (−62.1 vs. −16.7 minutes; P = 0.0015). Opicapone‐treated patients also reported a greater reduction in the percentage of off time (P = 0.0015), a greater increase in absolute on time (P = 0.0338) and a greater increase in the percentage of on time (P = 0.0015). There were no significant differences in other secondary endpoints. The L‐dopa equivalent daily dose was significantly higher in the opicapone group (750.9 vs. 690.0 mg; P = 0.0247), when a 0.5 conversion factor is applied.ConclusionsOpicapone 50 mg was more effective than an additional 100 mg L‐dopa dose at decreasing off time in patients with PD and early wearing‐off.
Technical note: Radiological clinical equivalence for phantom materials in carbon ion therapy
Authors: Taylor Paige A. , Mirandola Alfredo , Ciocca Mario , Hartzell Shannon , Vai Alessandro , Alvarez Paola , Howell Rebecca M. , Koay Eugene J. , Peeler Christopher R. , Peterson Christine B. , Kry Stephen F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeAs carbon ion radiotherapy increases in use, there are limited phantom materials for heterogeneous or anthropomorphic phantom measurements. This work characterized the radiological clinical equivalence of several phantom materials in a therapeutic carbon ion beam.MethodsEight materials were tested for radiological material‐equivalence in a carbon ion beam. The materials were computed tomography (CT)‐scanned to obtain Hounsfield unit (HU) values, then irradiated in a monoenergetic carbon ion beam to determine relative linear stopping power (RLSP). The corresponding HU and RLSP for each phantom material were compared to clinical carbon ion calibration curves. For absorbed dose comparison, ion chamber measurements were made in the center of a carbon ion spread‐out Bragg peak (SOBP) in water and in the phantom material, evaluating whether the material perturbed the absorbed dose measurement beyond what was predicted by the HU‐RLSP relationship.ResultsPolyethylene, solid water (Gammex and Sun Nuclear), Blue Water (Standard Imaging), and Techtron HPV had measured RLSP values that agreed within ±4.2% of RLSP values predicted by the clinical calibration curve. Measured RLSP for acrylic was 7.2% different from predicted. The agreement for balsa wood and cork varied between samples. Ion chamber measurements in the phantom materials were within 0.1% of ion chamber measurements in water for most materials (solid water, Blue Water, polyethylene, and acrylic), and within 1.9% for the rest of the materials (balsa wood, cork, and Techtron HPV).ConclusionsSeveral phantom materials (Blue Water, polyethylene, solid water [Gammex and Sun Nuclear], and Techtron HPV) are suitable for heterogeneous phantom measurements for carbon ion therapy. Low density materials should be carefully characterized due to inconsistencies between samples.
A noise robust image reconstruction using slice aware cycle interpolator network for parallel imaging in MRI
Authors: Kim Jeewon , Lee Wonil , Kang Beomgu , Seo Hyunseok , Park HyunWook 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundReducing Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan time has been an important issue for clinical applications. In order to reduce MRI scan time, imaging acceleration was made possible by undersampling k‐space data. This is achieved by leveraging additional spatial information from multiple, independent receiver coils, thereby reducing the number of sampled k‐space lines.PurposeThe aim of this study is to develop a deep‐learning method for parallel imaging with a reduced number of auto‐calibration signals (ACS) lines in noisy environments.MethodsA cycle interpolator network is developed for robust reconstruction of parallel MRI with a small number of ACS lines in noisy environments. The network estimates missing (unsampled) lines of each coil data, and these estimated missing lines are then utilized to re‐estimate the sampled k‐space lines. In addition, a slice aware reconstruction technique is developed for noise‐robust reconstruction while reducing the number of ACS lines. We conducted an evaluation study using retrospectively subsampled data obtained from three healthy volunteers at 3T MRI, involving three different slice thicknesses (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mm) and three different image contrasts (T1w, T2w, and FLAIR).ResultsDespite the challenges posed by substantial noise in cases with a limited number of ACS lines and thinner slices, the slice aware cycle interpolator network reconstructs the enhanced parallel images. It outperforms RAKI, effectively eliminating aliasing artifacts. Moreover, the proposed network outperforms GRAPPA and demonstrates the ability to successfully reconstruct brain images even under severe noisy conditions.ConclusionsThe slice aware cycle interpolator network has the potential to improve reconstruction accuracy for a reduced number of ACS lines in noisy environments.
Small proteins, great promises: Geographic bioprospecting of Bowman–Birk protease inhibitors and domestication side‐effects in African cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Panzeri Davide , Toini Elisa , Vertemara Jacopo , Silvestri Giuseppe , Bunea Victor Vladut , Zecca Giovanni , Nissim Werther Guidi , Wagensommer Robert Philipp , Zampella Giuseppe , Labra Massimo , Grassi Fabrizio 
Published: April 2024

Societal Impact StatementThe legume crop cowpea is grown worldwide, but 90% of the world's total share is produced in Africa. It is a promising species due to its resilience properties, balance of macro and micronutrients and presence of health‐promoting bioactive compounds. In African countries, cowpea has a crucial role in guaranteeing food security as a subsistence crop for families and commercial income for small farmers. The discovery of compounds with high nutraceutical value and bioactive properties supports socio‐economic policies to improve health and nutrition, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In turn, this encourages biodiversity protection and crop enhancement programmes.Summary

Bowman–Birk protease inhibitors (BBIs) are a restricted group of small proteins in plants mainly involved in defence mechanisms against pests. BBIs are demonstrated to be active components capable of reducing the viabilities of different cancer cell lines. BBI bioactivity is directly linked to the inhibition capacity, but the variability and the efficiency against the physiological targets of different BBI isoforms remain still unexplored.
We analysed the natural genetic diversity of two main genes encoding BBI trypsin‐trypsin (BBI‐TT) and trypsin‐chymotrypsin (BBI‐TC) in wild and domesticated cowpea samples mainly spread in Sub‐Saharan Africa. We analysed DNA sequences and respective amino acidic isoforms/isoproteins to explore signs of natural selection and haplotype relationships. Moreover, we calculated the binding energy between BBIs and their biological targets to identify which are the most efficient inhibitors and their geographical locations.
We found a high level of haplotype diversity for both genes, almost exclusively in wild accessions and detected positive and negative selection signals in the amino acid sequences. Furthermore, in the wild diversity pool, some BBI‐TT and BBI‐TC mature proteins were potentially better interactors with the physiological targets.
The long interaction between plant‐pathogen has selected new and useful isoforms in wild lineages that have allowed the chances of survival of the species to improve. On the other hand, the domestication process has produced an intense bottleneck leaving only poorly efficient BBI variants. In addition to providing information on the natural diversity and evolution of BBIs, our work discusses the potential applications in agriculture and human health.
Vertical Cross‐Alignments of 2D Semiconductors with Steered Internal Electric Field for Urea Electrooxidation via Balancing Intermediates Adsorption
Authors: Du Hanxiao , Hu Huashuai , Wang Xunlu , Ran Nian , Chen Wei , Zhu Hongbo , Zhou Yin , Yang Minghui , Wang Jiacheng , Liu Jianjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSingle‐component electrocatalysts generally lead to unbalanced adsorption of OH− and urea during urea oxidation reaction (UOR), thus obtaining low activity and selectivity especially when oxygen evolution reaction (OER) competes at high potentials (>1.5 V). Herein, a cross‐alignment strategy of in situ vertically growing Ni(OH)2 nanosheets on 2D semiconductor g‐C3N4 is reported to form a hetero‐structured electrocatalyst. Various spectroscopy measurements including in situ experiments indicate the existence of enhanced internal electric field at the interfaces of vertical Ni(OH)2 and g‐C3N4 nanosheets, favorable for balancing adsorption of reaction intermediates. This heterojunction electrocatalyst shows high‐selectivity UOR compared to pure Ni(OH)2, even at high potentials (>1.5 V) and large current density. The computational results show the vertical heterojunction could steer the internal electric field to increase the adsorption of urea, thus efficiently avoiding poisoning of strongly adsorbed OH− on active sites. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA)‐based electrolyzer with the heterojunction anode could operate at an industrial‐level current density of 200 mA cm−2. This work paves an avenue for designing high‐performance electrocatalysts by vertical cross‐alignments of active components.
Post‐quantum attack resilience blockchain‐assisted data authentication protocol for smart healthcare system
Authors: Soni Lacchita , Chandra Harish , Gupta Daya Sagar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe smart healthcare system (SHS), a significant medical domain underpinning the Internet of Things (IoT), which collects and analyzes health data from many sources to provide better medical treatment. The smart healthcare system is a combination of hardware and software used in the medical care field, providing remote diagnosis and treatment via a patient‐based health data‐sharing system. To increase security, a large variety of authenticated techniques have been developed over the past several decades, most of which are based on conventional number‐theoretic assumptions such as discrete logarithms and integer factorization problems. However, Shor's method is capable of solving number‐theory‐based problems. As a result, Shor's technique might be used to resolve challenging number theory problems on a quantum computer effectively. Therefore, this article presents blockchain‐based healthcare record solutions with lattice RLWE‐based key exchange protocol using a smart card. Blockchain applications may correctly detect errors, including those that are risky, in the medical industry. It can also improve the efficiency, security, and transparency of transferring medical data throughout the healthcare protocol. The formal security of this protocol is shown under the ROM (random oracle model), and the informal security is also given in this article against well‐known attacks. The presented protocol outperforms related earlier mechanisms in terms of communication and computational cost overheads, according to the performance study.
Insight of Jeffrey flow over a stretching Riga plate with activation energy and viscous dissipation: Melting heat transfer regime
Authors: Javed Mubashar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPresent article highlights the significance of Arrhenius activation energy along with viscous dissipation in Jeffrey fluid over a Riga plate. Riga plate is basically an actuator made up of array of magnets and electrodes scaled on a plane surface to tackle the weaker electrical conductivity during fluid flow. In order to ensure the novelty, a reliable melting heat surface condition has been incorporated on nonlinear stretching Riga plate of variable thickness to reconnoiter features of heat transfer. Moreover, stagnation point has been retained in this study. Adequate transformations are employed in order to attain system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A well known semi analytical technique (Homotopy analysis method) is utilized to obtain series solutions of prevailing dimensionless equations. Influence of several apposite parameters on velocity, thermal and concentration distributions is analyzed graphically. Physical evaluation and graphical sketch is presented for drag force coefficient and rate of heat transfer. Analysis of velocity as well as associated boundary layer thickness gives the growing up impact for the strength of modified Hartmann number. Enhancement of dimensionless reaction rate and endothermic/exothermic reaction parameter results in increment for heat flux over stretching Riga plate. Increase in thermal distribution takes place for higher Eckert number while thermal boundary layer thickness depicts opposite trend in this case. Concentration boundary layer thickness enhances while concentration profile declines for higher Schmidt number. Velocity distribution is found to be incremented for intense melting process. Higher dimensionless activation energy parameter is analyzed to be responsible for growing up concentration field.
Donor Selection for Adults and Pediatrics
Authors: Ayuk Francis , Balduzzi Adriana , Worel Nina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is known that multiple factors impact transplantation outcome; the heaviest ones are disease-related (disease refractoriness, phase, clonal abnormalities, etc. in malignancies and disease type and associated rejection risk in nonmalignant diseases) and patient-related (age, comorbidities, infectious diseases/colonization, etc.). Moreover, donor-related issues and stem cell source may influence the extent of disease control and transplant-related mortality.
Conditioning
Authors: Shimoni Avichai , Radici Vera , Nagler Arnon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative therapeutic procedure in a broad range of malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. Conditioning is the preparative regimen that is administered to patients undergoing HCT before the infusion of stem cell (SC) grafts. The selection of an optimal conditioning regimen is critical for transplantation success.
Mobilization and Collection of HSCs in Children
Authors: Witt Volker , Pichler Herbert , Ahrens Norbert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPediatric hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) products are crucial components of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in children. This chapter provides an overview of the techniques and considerations involved in pediatric bone marrow (BM) collection and in stem cell apheresis. It covers patient selection, pre-procedure preparation, apheresis procedures, and post-procedure care. Additionally, specific considerations related to pediatric patients, such as ethical considerations, vascular access, and volume management, are discussed. This chapter will focus on the technical, physiological, and ethical problems in the field of HSC collection from children to ensure safe and efficient procedures.
Procurement and Management of Cord Blood Unit for Allogeneic Transplantation
Authors: Querol Sergio , Rocha Vanderson , Ruggeri Annalisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUmbilical cord blood (UCB) cells for allogeneic use are collected and stored in more than 160 public CB banks worldwide. More than 800,000 CB units (CBUs) are available for allogeneic transplantation through the WMDA’s Search & Match Service global database. In this chapter, we will describe the key procedures for cord blood collection, processing, banking, and recommendations on how to choose a single or double UCB unit for transplantation.
Cellular Therapy with Engineered T Cells, Efficacy, and Side Effects: Gene Editing/Gene Therapy
Authors: Bonini Chiara , Cavazzana Marina , Ciceri Fabio , Fehse Boris , Hudecek Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe cellular basis of cancer immune surveillance, already hypothesized in ancient times, was only proven with the advent of HCT. Indeed, the discovery of the nature of GVHD and its antileukemic effects (Weiden et al. 1979) was followed by the first successful attempts of adoptive immunotherapy using donor leukocytes (Kolb et al. 1990). To address the significant GVHD risk associated with allogeneic T cells, several approaches of T-cell manipulation were developed and tested (Table 60.1). Some of these strategies rely on the genetic manipulation of T cells. First, suicide gene therapy approaches were established to promote GVL and immune reconstitution while controlling GVHD. More recently, strategies based on the genetic transfer of tumor-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) were developed to improve antitumor efficiency of T cells. This chapter provides an overview of this vastly evolving area.
Regulatory Aspects of ATMP Versus Minimally Manipulated Immune Cells
Authors: Chabannon Christian , Dolstra Harry 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 2023, three categories of therapeutic products obtained through the collection and subsequent engineering of hematopoietic cells exist and are valuable to patients treated for neoplastic diseases as well as a variety of nonneoplastic disorders: blood cell transfusions, stem and immune cell transplants, and cellular therapy medicinal products. The procurement and nature of various blood products and transfusion practices are described elsewhere in this handbook. In this chapter, we focus on hematopoietic cellular therapies as currently defined and managed in the FACT-JACIE International Standards for Hematopoietic Cellular Therapies (nowadays in version 8). Over the last two decades, major changes have occurred in the EU regulatory framework (as well as in other parts of the world, notably in the USA) that result in the coexistence of two categories of hematopoietic cellular therapies. Innovative and industry-manufactured somatic cell therapy or gene therapy medicinal products have entered the field at an accelerating pace since the last edition of this handbook. Some of them are distributed worldwide on a large scale, and a few of these medicinal products already complete or compete with traditional hematopoietic cell transplantation practices. We here update the description of organizational consequences of this historical transition for academic facilities and the new opportunities as well as challenges these advances are bringing to patients and healthcare practitioners, including strong needs for educational initiatives.
Overweight and Obese Patients
Authors: Langebrake Claudia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOverweight and obesity are associated with physiological changes that can influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs. This has consequences for the dosage of drugs. Currently, for example, there are international recommendations for antibiotics and chemotherapies (with the exception of high-dose regimens) for dosing in overweight and obese patients. Unfortunately, data for conditioning regimens prior to hematopoietic stem cell tranplantation in terms of pharmacokinetic and/or clinical data is still quite limited. Therefore, future studies should focus on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of specific conditioning regimens while more consistent and biologically relevant definitions of obesity should be utilized.
Feasibility and Experiences of HCT in Resource-Constrained Settings
Authors: Srivastava Alok , Duarte Fernando Barroso , Faulkner Lawrence 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEven though hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) has been in vogue for more than six decades as a curative therapy for many hematological disorders, with increasing trends in all parts of the world (Fig. 69.1), the density of HCT services is low and access to existing services remain an unmet need in the resource-constrained settings (RCSs) of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Niederwieser et al. 2022). The silver lining though is that within these limitations, there are several examples of high-quality HCT services functioning in several countries, some with full national/international accreditation showing that even in those circumstances this is possible (Damodar et al. 2021). The goal of this chapter will be to discuss how good HCT services may be established and sustained in RCSs (Pasquini et al. 2019; Faulkner et al. 2021).
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Peters Christina , Locatelli Franco , Bader Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children; approximately 60% of ALL cases occur in children and adolescents under the age of 20. Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has become the most commonly used cellular immunotherapy and the standard of care for children with ALL who are either at high risk of relapse or have previously relapsed. HCT is a successful therapeutic option and a significant proportion of patients achieve long-term survival. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse after allogeneic HCT. The risk of relapse after transplantation is influenced by several factors, including remission status at transplantation, conditioning regimen and donor type. Strategies to reduce the risk of relapse include reduction of pretransplant minimal residual disease (MRD), replacement of toxic pretransplant chemotherapy with bispecific antibodies, replacement of HCT with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, improved transplantation strategies for specific groups, including infants, adolescents and young adults (AYA), and innovative prophylaxis and treatments for acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. In addition, therapeutic drug monitoring with dose adjustment of some drugs, including busulfan, and novel radiation techniques may allow a more personalised approach.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Pediatric MDS Including Refractory Cytopenia of Childhood and in Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Strahm Brigitte 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPediatric MDS can be associated with germline predisposition, related to cytotoxic or immunmodulatory therapy, or occurs as de novo disease. SCT strategy is primarily dependent on blast count, karyotype, molecular abberrations, and BM cellularity. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia is a very heterogenous disease, not all children require SCT. Risk factors for relapse following SCT include age, HbF level, presence of secondary mutations and DNA methylation class.