bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of Generative Development of Winter Rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) in Relation to Vernalization Conditions and Age of Vernalized Plants
Authors: Dubert F. , Filek W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGerminating seeds and young winter rape plants were vernalized 56–63 days at 5 or 2°C under nine‐hour days or in darkness. The highest percentage of generative plants and the most rapid flowering were obtained following the vernalization of young seedlings and germinating seed under conditions of nine‐hour day, at 5°C. The least effective induction of generative development followed the vernalization at 2°C in continuous darkness. The vegetation period from the end of vernalization till the beginning of flowering was the shortest when four‐week‐old plants were vernalized under conditions of nine‐hour day, yet the vegetation period from the beginning of germination to flowering was the shortest when seed germinating under conditions of nine‐hour day were vernalized. The period was extending as older plants were being vernalized. Data indicating that the optimal temperature for vernalization of older plants is higher than for germinating seed and young seedlings were obtained.
Carbohydrate Metabolism in the Siliqua Relating to Oil‐filling in Mustard Seeds
Authors: Munshi S. K. , Kochhar Anuradha 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDeveloping siliquas on the mustard inflorescence were sampled at basal, middle and apical positions and the changes in free sugars and starch in pod wall and seed vis‐á‐vis oil‐filling in the seeds were studied. The dry matter and oil content per seed and pod wall was highest at initial stages in apical followed by mid‐development stages in middle and late development stages in basal positions. The oil percentage m the pod wall decreased with the period of siliqua development. The phase of rapid oil filling in the seeds varied from 20 to 40 DAF (days after flowering) in basal to 10 to 30 DAF in middle and 10 to 20 DAF in apical positions. The content of starch and total soluble sugars (% dry weight basis) decreased in the seeds as well as pod walls but showed accumulation on per seed basis with a maximum at 20, 30 and 40 DAF while on pod wall basis, the maxima of total soluble sugars was at 20, 20 and 40 DAF in apical, middle and basal position respectively. In the pool of total soluble sugars, the proportion of non‐reducing sugars was predominant. The activity of invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) declined while those of a‐amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and β‐amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) showed maximum values in the seeds as well as pod wall during the phase of rapid oil‐filling in the seeds. The results suggested that ontogeny and duration of seed development vis‐á‐vis the environmental conditions played an important role in lipid biosynthesis in mustard seeds.
Influence of Sowing Dates on Yield and Oil Quality in Sunflower
Authors: Gupta Sarita , Subrahmanyam Desiraju , Rathore V. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEffect of sowing dates (temperature regimes) on growth, yield oil content and quality in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was studied. Plants of early sowings which had received low temperature during 0–45 days of growth grew very poorly in height. Plant height significantly correlated with temperature at all the three growth stages. Plants sown in March produced highest yield and January sown plants recorded lowest yield. Protein content of seeds decreased where as the oil content increased with delay in sowing dates. Oil content in the seeds collected from different sowing dates showed significant differences. However, oil content was not significantly correlated with temperatures at any growth stages. Incorporation of 14C‐acetate into lipids of developing seeds was increased as the sowing was delayed. Early sown plants had higher percentage of oleic acid and late sown plants had higher percentage of linoleic acid. Effect sowing dates on oil content and oil quality were discussed on the basis of temperature variation during different growth stages.
Apical Development and Growth of Barley under Different CO2 and Nitrogen Regimes
Authors: Kleemola Jouko , Peltonen Jari , Peltonen‐Sainio Pirjo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIncreases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration have stimulated interest in the response of agricultural crops to elevated levels of CO2. Several studies have addressed the response of C3 cereals to CO2, but the interactive effect of nutrient supply and CO2 on apical development and spikelet set and survival has not been investigated thoroughly. Hence, an experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to evaluate the effect of high (700 μmol CO2mol−1 air) and low (400 μmol mol−1) levels of atmospheric CO2 on apical development, spikelet set and abortion, and pre‐ and post‐anthesis growth in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under high N (0.3 g N pot−1 before sowing −1–0.11 g N pot−1 week−1) and low N (0.3 g N pot−1) regimes. The plants were grown in 5 L pots. Development of spike was hastened due to CO2 enrichment, and the C+ plants pollinated few days earlier than the C— plants. Carbon dioxide enrichment had no effect on date of ripening. Development of spike slowed following application of extra N, and plants pollinated 10 days later and matured 2 weeks later when compared with plants under low N. Carbon dioxide enrichment did not affect the number of spikelets at anthesis. Excess N decreased spikelet abortion and the increased maximum number of spikelets under both [CO2]. Barley plants did not tiller when grown in low [CO2] and low N. Increased endogenous IAA concentration in those plants, recorded three days before tillers appeared in other treatments, may have contributed to this. Carbon dioxide enrichment increased the C concentration of plants, but decreased the N concentration under high N regime. Both the C and N concentration of plants were increased under high N regime. Carbon dioxide enrichment increased the total dry matter of mature plants by 9 % under high N regime and by 21 % under low N regime. Under high [CO2] increased kernel number on tiller spikes, and increased kernel weight both on main stem and on tiller spikes resulted in a 23 % increase in kernel yield under low N regime and 76 % increase in kernel yield under high N regime. The rate of N application influenced growth and yield components to a greater extent than CO2 enrichment. At maturity, plant dry matter, kernel weight, the number of kernels per spike, and the number of spikes per plant were higher under high N regime than under low N regime.Long days (16 h), low light intensity (280 μmol m−2s−1), and at constant temperature of 20 °C high [CO2] increased kernel weight and the number of kernels on tiller spikes under high and low N application rate, but did not increase the number of kernels on main stem spike, or the number of tillers or tiller spikes per plant.
Effects of Dicyandiamide on Potato Performance
Authors: Vos J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA nitrification inhibitor which blocks the conversion of ammonium to nitrate may reduce the risk of leaching of nitrate during the growing season. In field experiments in 1988—1990 a nitrogen fertilizer enriched with the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamid (Alzon) was compared with a standard calcium‐ammonium‐nitrate fertilizer (CAN), using rates of N supply up to 360 kg ha−1. There were no significant differences between CAN and Alzon with respect to: stem length, apical lateral branchmg, fresh and dry weights of haulms and tubers at maturity, and nitrogen uptake. Alzon‐treated plants showed lower concentrations of nitrate in stems and leaves than CAN‐treated plants.
Response of Triticale Grain Yield and Yield Components to Number of Cuttings in a Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Ramos J. M. , Marinetto J. , Del Moral M. B. Garcia , Del Moral L. F. Garcia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn six field experiments conducted over 2 years, the effect of one or two cuttings on grain yield of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) were investigated. In addition, the relationships between triticale grain yield its components were analysed.Grain yield of the uncut plots invariably exceeded the plots with one or two cuttings, regardless of the environment or year. The reductions in grain yield caused by one cutting ranged from 27 % to 60 % under rainfed conditions and 18 % to 20 % under irrigation. With two cuttings the reduction was 45 % to 70 % for rainfed, and 35 % to 48 % for irrigated conditions.The yield components which most influenced grain yield of triticale under cutting treatment were the number of ears m−2 in all six experiments and the number of grains per ear under rainfed conditions. At the rainfed sites in 1989 cuttings diminished the number of ears m−2 mainly by increasing plant mortality. Nevertheless, at the rainfed sites of 1990 and at the irrigated site of both years, the reduction in the number of ears m−2 with cuttings was due principally to a lower survival of tillers per plant.
Effect of Rooting Pattern on Rice Productivity under Different Water Regimes
Authors: Vijayalakshmi C. , Nagarajan M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThree rice varieties, viz. ADT 31 (drought tolerant) CO 41 (upland) and IR 50 (drought susceptible), were employed to study their rooting patterns under different water regimes. ADT 31 had better root penetration and distribution under water stress situation compared to others. The values on root weight also established a similar trend. Isotopic studies with 32P also provided evidence in this regard wherein the variety ADT 31 showed its adaptiveness to drought. Marginal reduction in plant height, less tiller production and leaf area reductions were noted in ADT 31 and CO 41 under decreasing soil moisture which showed its ability to cope with the water stress situation. Though IR 50 recorded higher grain yield at normal irrigation, a drastic reduction was noted under extreme water deficit. But ADT 31 recorded consistent values in all situations with slight marginal reduction which evidently proved the interdependent nature of rooting pattern and its influence on productivity.
Effect of Defoliation and Deflowering on Post‐Flowering Dry Matter Distribution in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L)
Authors: Polisetty Chandra R. Raghuveer , Singh D. V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStudies on source‐sink relationship were conducted in two chickpea varieties Cicer arietinum L. namely, Kabuli (L‐550) and Desi (BG‐256). The primary objective of the present study was to assess the influence of source/sink manipulation by defoliation or deflowering or both on dry matter accumulation in different vegetative parts. Seeds were sown in earthen pots containing sandy loam soils. Plants were raised under normal moisture conditions following recommended agronomic practices. In defoliation treatment all the freshly formed leaves were removed from the onset of flowering until harvest. The leaves formed earlier were kept intact. Removal of flower buds from start of flowering until harvest contributed deflowering treatment. Defoliation and deflowering treatment is a combination of both, whereas untreated plants served as control. Significant differences in dry matter distribution and total soluble sugar (TSS) content as a function of source sink manipulation were observed between the varieties. Defoliation treatment preferentially increased more stem dry weight (DW) in L‐550 and more root and nodule dry weight in BG‐256. In both the varieties deflowering treatment resulted in increased leaf and stem DW. This treatment also resulted in increased root and nodule DW in BG‐256, but only nodule DW in L‐550. When defoliation treatment was combined with deflowering, in both the varieties a decrease in DW in leaf and stem and an increase in DW of root and nodule were observed. Total dry matter content increased 2–3‐fold with deflowering in L‐550 but in Bg‐356 there was no significant increase, indicating a possible role of flowers and reproductive organs in dry matter accumulation. Similar results were obtained even with defoliation, which indicates the major role played by leaves formed before flowering in L‐550, and leaves formed after flowering in BG‐256. Thus, this study suggests variation in the functional role of leaves formed before and after flowering.
Nitrate Assimilation and Nitrogen Harvest in Uniculm ‘Gigas’ Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Abdin M. Z. , Kaim M. S. , Bansal K. C. , Abrol Y. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractContribution of the upper laminae designated as 7, 8 and 9 (flag), to the total reduced nitrogen was determined by two different methods; integration of nitrate reductase activity over the entire growing season of individual laminae, and laminae removal at ear emergence. The values obtained by these methods were: 20, 14, and 12 %, and 23, 15, 12 %, respectively. The in vivo nitrate reductase activity was relatively higher in the lamina 9, which contributed an extra 8 % towards total reduced nitrogen when the other laminae were removed from the shoot. No such compensatory response was observed when either lamina 7 or 8 was retained.
Growth Analysis Using Classical and Functional Techniques in Relation to Soil Moisture in Mustard
Authors: Mondal R. K. , Paul N. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA Reid experiment was conducted to study the effect of soil moisture on growth of two mustard cultivars using classical and functional techniques of growth analysis. Two soil moisture levels were irrigated at 10‐day intervals and a rainfed control was included. Total dry matter (TDM), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) were significantly increased by irrigation at most of stages of growth. Starting from a lower value, LAI and LAD reached a peak and then gradually declined. Among the growth attributes, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) increased significantly under irrigation. Net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased more in the irrigated plants than the rainfed plants at the later stages of growth. LAR and LWR declined throughout with increasing time and plant weight. Seed yield of the irrigated plants was positively correlated with the pre‐flowering LAI and the post‐flowering CGR and NAR. In the rainfed plants, seed yield was positively correlated with LAI and CGR at the post‐flowering stage and negatively with the post‐flowering NAR and pre‐flowering LAR.
Evaluation of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Intercropping with Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan [L.] (Mill sp.))
Authors: Ghauhan J. S. , Singh C. V. , Ghauhan V. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEleven upland rice genotypes of varying growth duration and plant stature were evaluated in two cropping systems: monocrop and intercrop, with pigeon pea cv. Upas 120, in order to study the effects of intercropping on rice grain yield and its contributing characteristics during 1990 to 1992 wet seasons. Cropping system and cropping system × genotype interaction effects were significant for yield ha−1, panicle weight, panicles m−2 and spikelet fertility suggesting the need for evaluating and selecting genotypes suitable for intercropping. Rice grain yield reduction in the intercrop ranged from 24.5 % in genotype RR 203‐16 to 54.5 % in genotype Aditya. Panicle weight, total dry matter at flowering as well as at harvest, and harvest index were also reduced. Plant height and panicle weight were positively associated with yield in both systems, however, the yield was positively and significantly correlated with spikelets per panicle and spikelet fertility with the intercropping system. The correlation between cropping systems indicated the possibility of simultaneous improvement for these characteristics in monocropping and intercropping.
Surface Structure of Leaves in Heat Tolerant Plants
Authors: Welker O. A. , Furuya S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe objective of our studies was to investigate the effect of high temperature on cabbage cultivars which were different in heat tolerance in terms of head formation.We determined whether there were cultivar differences in the properties of epicuticular wax, growth parameters such as leaf number, leaf area and dry weight and whether these factors contribute to head formation under stress.Four cabbage varieties including the Japanese heat tolerant cultivar Sousyu, were grown in pots at different temperatures in growth chambers.The stability of the wax differed with the varieties. The wax of Kinsyun melted at a temperature of 32 °C during the day and 29 °C during the night, while the wax of the other varieties was more stable. The density of the tubes, plates or fibrils could be observed by light reflection. For Kinsyun as the low density caused a low reflection, the leaf colour was green, while for Sousyu the leaf colour was blue/white for Akiou, green/ blue and for Braunschweiger, blue.We conclude that the function of cuticular wax in limiting cuticular transpiration is a product of the architecture of the deposits and the quantity of wax per unit area of leaf surface. Neither the wax structure nor the amount of eight varieties could be correlated with heat tolerance in terms of head formation.
Performance of Rapeseed‐mustard Cultivars under Various Moisture Regimes on the Gangetic Alluvial Plain of West Bengal
Authors: Ghosh R. K. , Bandyopadhyay P. , Mukhopadhyay N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA Field trial was conducted during 1988–89 and 1989–90 at Water Management Research Station, Memari. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Burdwan, to study the effect of three different irrigation regimes, namely rainfed (I1) (No irrigation), one irrigation (I2) at flowering and two irrigations (I3 at flowering and at sihqua formation stages) on the grain yield and water expenses on four different rapeseed‐mustard cultivars, namely Pusa Bold, Pusa Baroni, Varuna and DIR 247. The variety DIR 247 recorded maximum grain yield (12.1 qha‘) followed by Pusa Baroni (11.8 q ha−1). The variety Varuna showed the lowest water use efficiency (48.1 kg ha−1 cm−1) while DIR 247 showed the maximum value of 57.0 kg ha−1 cm−1. The number of irrigations significantly increased the grain yield. Two irrigations, one at flowering and at siliqua formation stage increased grain yield by 28 % over the rainfed plots. During the crop growth period the actual water expenses among the cultivars in any moisture regime were more or less similar. The interaction between varieties and irrigation levels were, however, not significant.
The Effect of Different Shade Levels on Growth and Tuber Yield of Sweet Potato: I. Plant Development
Authors: Oswald A. , Alkäumper J. , Midmore D. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe plant development of three sweet potato cultivars under different shade levels was compared during the 1990 and 1991 growth season at two locations in Peru. Deep shade retarded the time of tuber initiation of two cultivars. All shade levels reduced the number of tuber/m2, hence the sink‐size. After the 13th week after planting (WaP) the yield increased very rapidly in full sunlight. Shade reduced these growth rates and the highest increases occurred later in the vegetative period. Therefore, shade generally affected the tuber initiation and formation and eventually tuber yield.Shoot growth terminated 13 WaP; only in deep shade did the plant top keep growing until harvest and competed permanently for assimilates with the tuber‐sink. The leaf area was hardly affected by shade. The leaf area ratio increased in shade and there was a negative correlation between LAR and tuber and biomass yield. Shade also augmented the specific leaf area by approximately 11 % in 26 % and 42 % light reduction (LR) and up to 20 % in 60 % LR.
Effect of Benzyladenine on Transpiration, Water Potential and its Components in Genotypes of Wheat Contrasting in Drought Tolerance
Authors: Yadava Neelam , Yadav V. K. , Kumar Arvind 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDrought tolerant and susceptible cultivars of wheat, C‐306 and Kalyan sona, growing under non‐stressed and water‐stressed conditions, were sprayed with benzyladenine (BA) at 70 days after sowing (DAS). Observations recorded at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after spraying revealed that BA increased the rate of transpiration (TR) in C‐306 under non‐stressed conditions. However, under water stress, the increase was significant only after 5 days of BA spraying. In Kalyan sona BA treatment either decreased TR or did not exhibit significant increase under non‐stressed conditions, but caused significant increase in TR under water stress. The increase in TR was elicited through enhanced stomatal opening. Water potential, osmotic potential and pressure potential of both genotypes decreased on account of water stress. The effect of BA was not perceptible on restoration of leaf water potential (LWP) or its components. The effect of BA was possibly confined to stomatal behaviour and transpiration.
Differential Growth, Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency of Groundnut Cultivars Inoculated with Different Rhizobium Strains
Authors: Shaheen A. , Rahmatullah  
Published: April 2008

AbstractGrowth, nodulation and nitrogen (N) fixation efficiency of Banki (Local) and ICGS‐44 (exotic) varieties of groundnut was significantly (P < 0.05) improved by their inoculation either with NC‐92 or Rudy Patric (R.P.) strains of rhizobium. Nodules did not form without inoculation in plants growing in sterilized sand. Inoculation with R.P. strain of rhizobium resulted in greater shoot growth, N content in shoot and number and weight of nodules in groundnut varieties. The R.P. inoculant increased agronomic efficiency by 112.5 % in Banki and 100 % in ICGS‐44 variety of groundnut. Improvement in N fixation efficiency by inoculation with R.P. inoculant was 334 and 286% in Banki and ICGS‐44 variety, respectively. However, Physiological efficiency was maximum in Banki variety when inoculated with NC‐92 strain of rhizobium.
Nachweis des Strohabbaues über die Stickstoffreisetzung aus 15N‐markiertem Stroh
Authors: Peschke H. , Dölling S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTen charges of 15N‐labelled straw with different C/N ratios were incubated with lightly loamed sand at 25 °C and 50 % of the maximum water capacity. At the start of the 18‐week incubation, mineral nitrogen was added and the 15Nmin (NH4 and NO3‐N) content was determined six times during the course of the experiment. A slow release of 15N was observed. After 111 days, between 2.5 and 13.0% of the total applied 15N was mineralized. The addition of ammonium sulphate caused an increasing degradation of organic N compounds of the straw material even during the first weeks. Finally, between 6.4 and 33.3 %15N was released. The 15N release only partially shows the straw degradation.
Assessment of Sensitivity to Frost in Ochrus chickling (Lathyrus ochrus (L.) D.C.) by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analyses
Authors: Ratinam M. , Abd El Moneim A. M. , Saxena M. C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOchrus chickling (Lathyrus ochrus (L.) D.C.) is a promising feed legume for rain‐fed farming systems in the Mediterranean environments of West Asia and North Africa (WANA) because of its drought tolerance and resistance to broom rape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.). However, it is highly susceptible to cold and improving Its resistance would further improve its adaptation.The potential of the chlorophyll fluorescence technique in screening for frost sensitivity in seedlings of five Lathyrus ochrus genotypes and one each of Vicia ervilia (L.) Wild and V. sativa L. was assessed by measuring the rate of rise in induced or variable chlorophyll fluorescence of fully developed leaflets after cold hardening in the open and subsequent exposure to freezing. The method differentiated the highly frost‐susceptible L. ochrus genotypes from the more tolerant Vicia species. Testing the technique with nine genotypes of L. ochrus in which the plants were established, cold‐hardened and frost‐stressed under controlled conditions confirmed its sensitivity even to reveal the narrow inter plant differences that generally exist within a cultivar or genotype to frost. It is therefore considered as a useful screening technique for cold/frost tolerance in L. ochrus.