bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Office videofiberoptic laryngoscopy
Authors: White James F. , Knight Robert E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrecise photographic documentation is of significant importance for proper diagnosis and management of physiological and pathological conditions of the larynx. Since the fiberscope serves an important role in the daily practice of laryngologists, its value is greatly enhanced when coupled with a video camera. Fiberoptic videolaryngoscopy permits instant and simultaneous voice and visual recordings for later study. The procedure is most useful for analysis of respiration, phonation, singing, and other laryngeal functions such as glottic closure, swallowing, and protective‐compensatory movements. The procedure also allows investigation of various pathological conditions. The purpose of this paper is to present the authors' method of fiberscopic videolaryngoscopy and its relevant clinical implications. Advantages and disadvantages of the procedure are discussed.
Coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and parotid hypertrophy. A case report and literature review
Authors: Seung Hong I. , Romano Thomas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and marked diffuse bilateral parotid swelling is described. Special staining techniques were required to demonstrate a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the otherwise normal appearing acinar tissue. This finding suggests that a humoral, rather than a cellular, mediated immune process is responsible for the parotid hypertrophy in this patient.
Posterior choanal atresia: A syndromal disorder
Authors: Bergstrom Lavonne , Owens Othella 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPosterior chonnal atresin has n significant incidence of associated defects. Recently a constellation of defects, bearing the acronym of CHARGE, has been described. Us entities are (ocular) Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia chonnae, Retarded growth and development, Genital hypoplasia and Ear anomalies or hearing loss. Some of these have been previously noted.There are 26 patients in this series, none having the entire CHARGE association, but 7 had several; 3 of the 7 had bilateral choanal atresia. One other patient had a chromosomal defect with an associated heart defect. Two patients had cardiac and other visceral defects. Seven had base of skull abnormalities, 3 of whom had elements of CHARGE, and 9 had congenital hearing loss. Five were normal.CT scan suggests a growth disturbance of the basicranium in some of the patients.
Wound amylase levels as an early indicator of orocutaneous fistulae
Authors: Larsen Laura Rood , Schuller David E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe formation of an orocutaneous fistula following ablative head and neck surgery is a common complication. Early fistula detection could permit prompt management, hopefully preventing further wound breakdowns.Amylase is quantitatively the most prominant enzyme in saliva. This study prospectively evaluated whether the amylase content of wound drainage could predict the formation of an orocutaneous fistula earlier than clinically evident. Patients undergoing procedures that required postoperative wound drainage represented the study population. Baseline serum and salivary amylase determinations were obtained. The drainage was assayed for amylase content twice daily. Wound amylase values were then correlated with the patient's clinical course.Results showed wound amylase had a downward trend in uncomplicated postoperative courses. An upward trend of wound amylase was correlated with early fistulization. No pattern was identified in patients with delayed fistulae.
T3 glottic cancer: Options and consequences of the options
Authors: Desanto Lawrence W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis report is a review of 106 Stage III glottic cancers treated surgically from January 1971 through December 1980. For analysis of recurrence and cause of death, the patients were assigned to four subgroups us well as considered as n single group. The subgroups were T3, N(), transglottic, all T3 glottic cancers regardless of prior treatment, and all T3 glottic cancers without prior treatment. Of the entire group, 8% either were not dead or had died of something other than cancer; 91% of patients with T3, N() cancers without prior treatment either were alive or had died of another cancer. In the other subgroups the survivorship was between 80% and 91% with the exception of those with transglottic cancers. The findings in this study are discussed in light of the current controversies related to the stage of disease, particularly the issue of radical radiation with surgery for salvage for T3 glottic cancer.
Effect of kainic acid upon N1 latency
Authors: Kusakari Jun , Arakawa Eiichi , Ohyama Kenji , Rokugo Masaaki , Inamura Naoki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough the N1 latency of whole nerve action potential is one of the important pieces of information obtained from ECochG, there are some conflicting opinions as to whether or not it is prolonged in scnsorineural hearing loss. Kainic acid (KA) is known to destroy neurons selectively through an action at glutamatergic synapses. Therefore, a model of “neural deafness” was made by perfusing the scala tympani with KA solution. The effect of KA upon cochlear microphonics was minimal. Although the N1 amplitude was markedly suppressed by KA, the N1 latency was neither prolonged nor shortened. The result obtained in the present study strongly suggests that the N1 latency is not prolonged in “neural deafness.”
Columella‐labial chances in solution of rhinoplastic problems
Authors: Smith Richard C. , Webster Richard C. , Kazda George 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe nose relates intimately to the upper lip. As in all facial cosmetic surgery, anatomic and aesthetic diagnosis of the deformity is essential to providing the best treatment possible in a particular patient. Within a reasonable range, changes may be made easily in the columella‐labial area. Often these changes enhance the results of typical rhinoplastic maneuvers and make safer and more predictable the results of the rest of the rhinoplastic surgery.Techniques for altering the columella‐labial region are presented. Examples arc shown demonstrating diagnostic, aesthetic, and therapeutic aspects.
Cogan's syndrome: Audiovestibular involvement and prognosis in 18 patients
Authors: Mcdonald Thomas J. , Vollertsen Randall S. , Younge Brian R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe experience at the Mayo Clinic with 18 patients who had Cogan's syndrome is reviewed. Typically, the illness began with systemic symptoms. The ocular and audiovestibular symptoms included ocular discomfort and redness, photophobia, and fluctuating sensorineural deafness with imbalance. Each patient had interstitial keratitis; the ocular symptoms periodically recurred but responded to therapy. Thirteen patients who had fluctuating bilateral sensorineural deafness subsequently suffered total bilateral deafness. Two patients who are unilaterally deaf have good residual hearing. Two other patients regained hearing within normal limits after treatment with corticosteroids. No hearing symptoms were observed in one patient who had severe vertigo and whose condition is stable. Seventeen patients had vertigo: 11 have no labyrinthine function, 1 had absent responses on vestibular testing initially but currently demonstrates good responses, and the 5 others have remained stable with diminished vestibular function. If Cogan's syndrome is diagnosed early and treatment with corticosteroids is initiated promptly, hearing can be stabilized; otherwise, the prognosis for auditory function is poor.
Mondini's dysplasia with recurrent meningitis
Authors: Herther Craig , Schindler Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis report describes the diagnosis and surgical management of two patients with similar inner ear malformations resulting in recurrent otitic meningitis. Each patient had a meningocele presenting through the oval window associated with Mondini's anomaly. Details of radiographic diagnosis and surgical management strategies will be discussed and long‐term follow‐up presented.
Lateral sinus thrombosis: A sometimes unexpected diagnosis
Authors: Hawkins Donald B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLateral sinus thrombosis, a frequent complication of ear infections in preantibiotic days, is seldom seen today. When it does occur, it is usually in a patient with a known history of a chronic ear infection. Two patients are described with septic pulmonary emboli from inapparent lateral sinus thrombosis. Lateral sinus thrombosis should be suspected in any patient with chills, fever, neck paln, and septic pulmonary emboli.
Computerized axial tomography versus complex motion as a predictor of surgical findings in middle ear and mastoid cholesteatoma
Authors: Lewis Donald R. , Thompson David H. , Mocnik Jack , Fetter Theodore W. , Shelby John H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn order to evaluate the efficacy of polytomogrnphy and computerized tomography in the prediction of surgical findings in cases of suspected cholesteatoma of the middle ear and mastoid, we evaluated preoperatively 52 ears by both radiographic methods. We utilized a check list of 14 radiological signs or surgical findings to generate measures of sensitivity and specificity. The strengths of each radiographic method are outlined and the considerable weaknesses in predictive value are discussed.
Facial biomechanics: The standards of normal
Authors: Burres Steven A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo quantify facial motor function during mimetic expressions, two new techniques were introduced in this study: linear measurement (LM) of skin landmarks and integrated eleclromyography (iEMG) of the facial musculature. Based on data from 30 normal subjects, three indices were derived to estimate total maximum motion, total maximum iEMG output, and the relationship between iEMG activity and motion. In three different facial expressions, plots of the logarithm of the iEMG value versus percent Displacement (pD) of skin landmarks had a high correlation (total mean r = 0.95). The normal LM and iEMG standards constitute a data base against which facial biomechanical properties in various pathologic states can be interpreted. In the course of data analysis, several interesting characteristics of facial function were identified.
Effect of amplification on the intelligibility of speech produced with an electrolarynx
Authors: Verdolini Katherine , Skinner Margaret W. , Patton Timothy , Walker Phillip A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to look at the effect of orolabial amplification on the intelligibility of speech spoken with a neck model electrolarynx for two distance conditions, three noise conditions, and in relative quiet. A speaker using a neck model electrolarynx read single‐answer questions to six listeners. The questions were read with and without amplification at 1.5 and 2.5 m distance, in relative quiet as well as in 66 dB, 72 dB, and 76 dBSPL (A‐weightcd) prerecorded cafeteria noise. The results of the study showed that speech‐to‐noise ratios were improved for amplified speech, with improvement in intelligibility for speech spoken in moderate background noise (66 and 72 dBSPL). The effect of the “buzz” of the artificial larynx is reduced, and speakers are better understood in moderate background noise with this amplification system.
A study of post‐intubation laryngeal dysfunction
Authors: Whited Robert E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA canine model of intubation has been established to further investigate the laryngeal injury occurring from an indwelling endotracheal tube. Ulcerations are produced by the shaft of the tube as it rubs and presses against the contact points in the cricoarytenoid region. This injury results in a progressive soft tissue inflammatory response in the posterior larynx. The injury and the associated tissue response leads to a limited arytenoid excursion which manifests functionally as alrway compromise and aspiration in the postex‐tubntion phases.
A comparison of speech using artificial larynx and tracheoesophageal puncture with valve in the same speaker
Authors: Merwin Gerald E. , Goldstein Lewis P. , Rothman Howard B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPostlnryngectomy speech rehabilitation more frequently includes surgical‐prosthetic methods since the introduction of a low morbidity tracheoesophageal puncture technique und a one‐way alrflow valve. This study compares speech using an artificial larynx and, in one case, esophageal speech with speech using a tracheoesophageal puncture and valve in the same speaker. Using nonprofessional listeners, speech was rated for intelligibility and preference. Voice spectrograms were employed for measurement of rate, fundamental frequency, and intensity. While no statistically significant differences were found in mean fundamental frequency or intensity, the rate of post‐tracheoesophageal speech was considerably faster. In addition, when individual speakers are compared with themselves, post‐tracheoesophageal speech is significantly more intelligible and preferred by nalve listeners. We conclude that using the tracheoesophageal puncture with valve should be strongly considered in total laryngectomy patients whose present mode of communication is unsatisfactory.
Squamous cell carcinoma in the immunosuppressed patient: Fanconi's anemia.
Authors: Kaplan Michael J. , Cantrell Robert W. , Sabio Hernan , Wanebo Harold J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe association of immunosuppression and head and neck cancer is supported by numerous reports demonstrating impaired cell‐mediated immunity, depressed T‐cell function, decreased lymphocyte responsiveness, and elevated circulating immune complexes.Fanconi's anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by progressive pancytopenia, skeletal abnormalities, hyperpigmentation, and other congenital anomalies. Increased chromosomal instability and defective DNA repair have been uniform findings. Several reports suggest associated immune deficiencies. There is an increased frequency of leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), including six cases of head and neck SCC.We reported a young girl with FA who developed SCC of the tongue. Initial studies suggest low lymphocyte counts, but normal lymphocyte responsiveness. More precise characterization of the immune system defects in malignancy prone, genetically determined syndromes may provide clues for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with the more usual but more variable risk factors for SCC of the head and neck.
Meningitis and sensorineural hearing loss.
Authors: Baldwin Robert L. , Sweitzer Richard S. , Freind Deborah B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA 12 month retrospective study was conducted on 54 children discharged from the Children's Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, with a diagnosis of generalized meningitis, a major cause of post‐natal sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Of these high risk patients, 38 or 70% had Hemophilus influenza meningitis and fully 40% of those children tested audiometrically were determined to have SNHL. Becnuse there would appear to be an increase in SNHL in the post meningeal population, all children with a diagnosis of Haemophilus influenza, pneumococcal, or meningococcal meningitis should have an audiological workup, preferably prior to discharge from the hospital.
Arteriovenous malformations and vascular anatomy of the upper lip and soft palate.
Authors: Hassard A. D. , Byrne B. D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractArteriovenous malformations (AVM) are a difficult clinical problem. These lesions may be extensive and diffuse and frequently prove refractory to the usual surgical methods of treatment. This paper presents three unusual AVMs of the orofacial region. Two were acquired AVMs of the upper lip, one involving columella; the third was a congential AVM of the soft palate. Complete surgical excision, following embolization, is the most successful therapy of traumatic AVM of the upper lip at this time. In addition, the blood supply of the upper lip and columella is presented, as it was found in ten cadaver dissections.
Supraglottic laryngectomy: Series report and analysis of results
Authors: Burstein Fernando D. , Calcaterra Thomas C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractForty‐one consecutive patients who underwent suprnglottic laryngectomy at UCLA were reviewed. All of the operations were performed by or under the direct supervision of the same surgeon (T.C). The majority (68%) had advanced squamous cell carcinoma (Stage III‐IV). Approximately one half received radiation therapy as part of planned combined therapy. The overall tumor‐free survival, with a two‐year minimum follow‐up period, was 90%. The most common site of tumor recurrence was neck metastasis. There were four laryngeal recurrences, three of which were salvaged with completion laryngectomy. There was only one completion laryngectomy for severe aspiration. The favorable results in this series are attributed to frozen section control of surgical margins, surgical or radiation therapy treatment of cervical lymph nodes at risk for metastatic disease, and the employment of surgical techniques designed to minimize aspiration.
Furosemide ototoxicity: Clinical and experimental aspects
Authors: Rybak Leonard P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFurosemide is an ototoxic diuretic. Furosemide injection is followed by a rapid, but reversible decrease of the Endocochlear potential and eighth nerve action potential with a more gradual decrease of the endolymph potassium concentration. In contrast to the reversible effects of furosemide alone on the cochlea, the combination of Kanamycin with furosemide resulted in irreversible changes in cochlear function which were associated with elevated levels of kanamycin in the blood and perilymph of the experimental animals. There was a striking similarity between the blood level measured by high pressure liquid chromatography at the time of recovery of auditory function in experimental animals and the ototoxic blood levels proposed by others in clinical literature. These findings help to provide a pharmacologic basis for the clinical observation of furosemide‐induced hearing loss.
Snoring: An acoustic monitoring technique
Authors: Wilson Kent , Mulrooney Thomas , Gawtry Randall R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSnoring is a significant symptom of upper airway obstruction which has not been measured and quantified in a clinically useful manner. A technique to determine acoustic level, frequency, and duration of snoring is reported. Four case studies illustrate the utility of this method. It is recommended that acoustic monitoring be included in the polysomnographic assessment of selected sleep disorder patients.
Laryngeal pacemaker. II. Electronic pacing of reinnervated posterior cricoarytenoid muscles in the canine
Authors: Broniatowski Michael , Kaneko Satoru , Jacobs Gordon , Nose Yukihiko , Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA fully reliable means of rehabilitating patients with bilateral vocal cord paralysis has not yet been developed. In order to improve upon existing solutions to this problem, the authors have recently described a laryngeal pacemaker, initially tested through stimulation of a cross‐over nerve‐muscle pedicle from one sternohyoid muscle to the other in the canine. Afferent stimuli, initiated through elongation of the airway during inspiration, were detected by a linear strain gauge sutured to the tracheal rings and appropriately amplified. The current report deals with the application of this concept to pace a nerve‐muscle pedicle reinnervating the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. Videoscopie and cinematographic documentation of electrically paced abduction of the reinnervated vocal fold, synchronous with inspiration, was clearly demonstrated. Only miniaturization of an implantable electronic amplifier remains to permit an attempt at pacing of the paralyzed larynx in humans.
The pitfalls of limiting eng testing to patients with vertigo
Authors: Keim Robert J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA high incidence of patients who do not experience vertigo with unilateral vestibular disease has been observed. Recognizing that many clinicians perform electronystagmographic vestibular testing on only patients who describe vertigo, a retrospective study of 229 patients was designed to study the potential pitfalls of this practice. The results confirm a preliminary study and show that 66% of the patients described no vertigo. Included were 13 intracranial lesions of which only one had the classic symptom. Differences in cortical perception and adaptation are postulated as factors responsible for these and other observations relative to caloric stimulation, torsion swing testing, and the presence of spontaneous nystagmus.
Central projections of primary vestibular fibers in the bullfrog. II. Nerve branches from individual receptors
Authors: Suarez Carlos , Kuruvilla Alexander , Sitko Stefan , Schwartz Ilsa R. , Honrubia Vicente 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe fibers from the nerves innervating each of the three semicircular canals and the saccule were labeled by injecting horseradish peroxidase extracellularly into these nerves. The projections into the various veslibular nuclei of each receptor were studied in transverse sections of the brain stem throughout the vestibular nuclear area. All five vestibular nuclei receive primary afferents throughout their areas. There are differences in the projection patterns of the canals. In the superior and ventral vestibular nuclei, the location of the projections depends on the crista injected. The anterior canal projects ventrally, the horizontal canal centrally, and the posterior canal more dorsally. Each canal, however, sends fibers to all areas, with overlap of fibers from the different cristae. The cerebellar nucleus receives uniform innervation from the three canals. The medial vestibular nucleus in the rostral and caudal areas receives only thin fibers from each canal, with considerable overlap. The descending nucleus in the rostral and caudal areas receives innervation from the cristae, also with considerable overlap, but with greater intensity in the ventral part of the caudal portion of the nucleus. Each crista sends fibers to the cerebellar granular layer and to the base of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. These fibers also innervate the reticular formation below the entry zone of the eighth nerve. The saccule innervates both the dorsal (acoustic) and the ventral nuclei, the latter in the most dorsal position. The innervation of the utricle could be ascertained only in the middle section of the descending and the medial nuclei, an area which does not receive significant innervation from the cristae. Primary afferent fibers course in the vestibular tract, forming a longitudinal bundle lateral to the vestibular nuclei. In the bundle the larger fibers are medially situated.
Functional tracheoesophageal shunt for vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy
Authors: Li Shu‐Ling 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new one‐stage surgical technique for postlaryngectomy vocal rehabilitation was applied to 19 patients with advanced carcinoma of the larynx. The technique consists mainly of the construction of a tracheoesophageal shunt and the creation of a tracheocsophageal flap to cover the shunt preventing entry of food into the trachea.Fifteen of the 19 patients developed useful speech. Slight leakage of liquids into the trachea occurred in four patients. This is avoided by having the patient bend his head down during deglutition.This technique can be performed in a wide variety of clinical situations and restores effortless speech without any special training.