bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Insight into the Hormonal Interplay Regulating Pigment Changes and Colour Development in the Peel of ‘Granny Smith’, ‘OPAL®’ and ‘Royal Gala’ Apples
Authors: Fernández-Cancelo Pablo , Giné-Bordonaba Jordi , Teixidó Neus , Alamar M. Carmen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThree apple cultivars with different peel colour and known ripening dynamics were examined throughout development and on-tree ripening to unravel how the hormonal crosstalk may influence colour changes. Our results indicate that the colour of ripe apples in ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Opal®’ cultivars was primarily influenced by chlorophyll levels masking the contribution of other pigments, whilst the development of red colour in the ‘Royal Gala’ was not only due to an important loss of chlorophyll during ripening but also to anthocyanins accumulation. The interplay amongst indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) seemed to control pigment content during the later stages of development, indicating that variations in the hormonal profile contribute to colour differences in ripe apples. In ‘Granny Smith’ apples, basal levels of IAA, ethylene and ABA were associated with the inhibition of chlorophyll loss, which was responsible for its green colour, despite the presence of high carotenoid levels. In contrast, the peel of ‘Opal®’ and ‘Royal Gala’ apples underwent a degreening process facilitated by the IAA-mediated activation of ethylene metabolism, in a crosstalk facilitated by MdARF5. The accumulation of anthocyanins in the peel of ‘Royal Gala’ apples seemed to be regulated in an ethylene-dependent manner, with MdMYB1 acting as the mediator between ethylene signalling and the anthocyanins biosynthesis and vacuolar transport pathways. On the other hand, the decline in carotenoid content during fruit development in the three cultivars appeared to be regulated at the catabolic level through ABA and its derivatives and possibly also facilitated by ethylene-mediated mechanisms. Notably, chlorophyll levels, crucial for the observed colour changes, were likely controlled by MdGLK1, a transcription factor involved in chloroplast biogenesis, working in coordination with ethylene-dependent catabolic enzymes. Overall, understanding the cultivar-specific hormonal regulation of apple colour provides valuable insights for developing preharvest and postharvest strategies to ensure an optimal fruit colour aligned with consumer preferences.
Enterobacter cloacae Induces SA-Dependent Systemic Acquired Resistance of Zea mays Against Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Sallam Asmaa A. , Haroun Samia A. , Aboulnaga Elhussiny A. , Mowafy Amr M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlant Growth Promoting Bacteria have proven themselves in agricultural applications not only as biofertilizers but also as biocontrol agents against different phytopathogens. In this study, we focused on investigating the ability of Enterobacter cloacae to induce the immune response of Zea mays against Fusarium oxysporum infection. The bacterium was transformed with a plasmid to express Green Fluorescence Protein and used in a greenhouse experiment in combination with Fusarium infection in different treatments. E. cloacae successfully colonized the root, resulting in enhanced physical growth with great investment in leaf area, photosynthetic pigment production, and reduced anthocyanin content. E. cloacae left a considerable resistance to root rot caused by Fusarium, as the disease severity was reduced from 74.2% (in the case of Fusarium infection alone) to about 35.8% (in the case of E. cloacae addition 14 days before fungal infection). The amount of salicylic acid (SA) was markedly elevated, and Pathogen-Related Protein showed up to an eightfold increase in the expression level. From these results, we suppose that E. cloacae induces SA-dependent systemic acquired resistance, which allows pre-colonized plants to resist Fusarium infection.
Does lower dose pilocarpine have a role in radiation-induced xerostomia in the modern radiotherapy era? A single-center experience based on patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Gül Dilek , Atasoy Beste M. , Ercan Ece , Başkan Zilan , Bektaş Kayhan Kıvanç 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the efficacy of lower dose pilocarpine in alleviating late dry mouth symptoms in head and neck cancer patients received radiotherapy.

Methods
Eighteen head and neck cancer patients experiencing persistent dry mouth were enrolled in this study. All participants started pilocarpine treatment a median of 6 months post-radiotherapy. Initially, patients received pilocarpine at 5 mg/day, with a gradual increase to the recommended dose of 15 mg/day. A Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement (PROMs) questionnaire assessed symptoms’ severity related to hyposalivation.

Results
All patients reported symptomatic dry mouth above grade 2 before starting the medication. Pilocarpine treatment continued based on patients’ self-assessment, with a median duration of 12 months (range, 3–36 months). The median daily maintenance dose was 10 mg (range, 5 to 20 mg). Total PROMs scores significantly decreased following medication, from 13 points (range 7–18 points) to 7 points (range 4–13 points) (p = 0.001). Significant improvements were observed in questions related to dry mouth (p < 0.001), water intake during eating (p = 0.01), carrying water (p = 0.01), taste (p < 0.001), and water intake during speech (p < 0.001). Initial and maintenance doses of pilocarpine were lower, and the duration of pilocarpine usage was shorter in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy compared to conformal radiotherapy (12 months vs. 25 months, p = 0.04).

Conclusion
Pilocarpine may be considered at doses lower for late-term dry mouth. With modern radiotherapy techniques effectively preserving the parotid gland, short-term use may be recommended in these patients. Future studies may enhance the development of a more robust patient selection criteria model.
Nap polysomnography in infants with laryngomalacia as a tool to predict treatment strategy
Authors: Lajili Mariem , Teissier Natacha , Dudoignon Benjamin , Benoit Charlotte , Bellanger Sophie , Kahn Laureline , Van Den Abbeele Thierry , Delclaux Christophe , Bokov Plamen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the role of nap polysomnography (NPSG) in predicting treatment strategies for infants with moderate to severe laryngomalacia and to explore the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity, weight gain, and laryngomalacia severity.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on infants diagnosed with moderate to severe laryngomalacia who underwent NPSG between January 2019 and June 2023. Clinical variables, NPSG parameters, and treatment decisions were collected. Weight gain rate and its correlation with NPSG indices were assessed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to predict treatment strategies based on NPSG findings.

Results
Of the 39 infants included (median age: 3.3 months), 77% exhibited OSA, with 69% having moderate to severe OSA [apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) > 5/h]. Weight gain rate correlated negatively with indices of OSA severity, including the hypopnea index (HI) and the AHI. In a multiple logistic regression analysis incorporating the severity of OSA (AHI), weight gain rate, and laryngomalacia severity, only AHI predicted the decision for surgical or non-invasive ventilation treatment (OR = 2.1, CI95 [1.6; 2.8], p ≤ 10–4). The weight gain rate was predicted (r2 = 0.28) by the AHI and the presence of retractions of auxiliary inspiratory muscles.

Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of NPSG in assessing infants with moderate to severe laryngomalacia. The AHI from NPSG emerged as a potential predictor for treatment decisions and weight gain rate, emphasizing its clinical relevance. These findings advocate incorporating NPSG into the diagnostic and management process for infants with laryngomalacia.
Lithium systematics in the Krafla volcanic system: comparison between surface rhyolites and felsic cuttings from the Iceland deep drilling project -1 (IDDP-1)
Authors: Cortes-Calderon E. A. , Ellis B. S. , Magna T. , Tavazzani L. , Ulmer P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe unexpected discovery of felsic magma by the Iceland Deep Drilling Project-1 (IDDP-1) in the Krafla volcanic system (KVS) presents a unique opportunity to investigate pre-eruptive lithium (Li) dynamics and establish a more direct connection between magma reservoirs and volcanic deposits. Our study provides new insights into Li abundances and isotope compositions in bulk-rock, minerals, and groundmass glass from rhyolitic lavas at KVS, encompassing various stages of groundmass crystallisation. Additionally, we examined felsic cuttings retrieved from the IDDP-1 well, comprising crystal-poor obsidian and crystal-bearing to -rich ‘felsite’ particles. Groundmass glasses from surface lavas show limited variability in K/Na, indicating limited secondary hydration of the glasses and that their Li contents seem to not be affected by this post-eruptive process. Lithium inventories in groundmass glasses and minerals within lavas exhibit variations consistent with the cooling history of the deposit, resembling patterns seen in Snake River Plain ignimbrites. Lithium contents of glassy rhyolitic lavas, whether bulk-rock (avg. 27.2 ± 3.1 μg/g) or groundmass glass (average 28.4 ± 4.7 μg/g), and their bulk isotopic compositions (avg. δ7Li =+ 4.4 ± 0.2‰) overlap with those observed in IDDP-1 obsidian cuts (avg. 24.9 μg/g Li in bulk, 28.6 ± 1.5 μg/g in groundmass glass, and δ7Li = 4.5 ± 0.2‰). Glassy lavas lacking spherulites may potentially preserve pristine magmatic Li element and isotope compositions, while areas with extensive groundmass crystallisation reveal Li enrichments in phenocrysts. Plagioclases in slowly cooled parts of the deposit record a two-fold increase in Li contents compared to plagioclase found in glassy counterparts, along with evidence of open-system degassing marked by heavier bulk Li isotope compositions and lower bulk Li contents of the crystallised lava portions (avg. δ7Li = +7.2 ± 0.1‰ and 7 ± 0.8 μg/g Li) relative to bulk glassy lithologies (avg. δ7Li = +4.1 ± 0.1‰ and 28 ± 2 μg/g Li). Partition coefficients derived from IDDP-1 cuts successfully predict Li inventories in vitrophyres of rhyolites on the surface of the KVS. Lithium isotope compositions of the crystal-rich IDDP-1 cuts are significantly heavier (avg. δ7Li = +7.2 ± 0.2‰) than lavas and IDDP-1 obsidian cuts, casting doubt on the notion that the IDDP-1 rhyolitic magma could result from the melting of felsite lenses in the KVS. Lithium contents in groundmass glasses within IDDP-1 crystal-rich cuts show higher Li contents (avg. 55.1–60.7 μg/g), correlating with the higher crystal content and an increase in other incompatible elements (avg. 250 μg/g Rb) relative to obsidian cuttings (avg. 75 μg/g Rb).
Leaf trait plasticity reveals interactive effects of temporally disjunct grazing and warming on plant communities
Authors: Ronk Argo , Boldgiv Bazartseren , Casper Brenda B. , Liancourt Pierre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChanges in climate and grazing intensity influence plant-community compositions and their functional structure. Yet, little is known about their possible interactive effects when climate change mainly has consequences during the growing season and grazing occurs off growing season (dormant season grazing). We examined the contribution of trait plasticity to the immediate responses in the functional structure of plant community due to the interplay between these two temporally disjunct drivers. We conducted a field experiment in the northern Mongolian steppe, where climate was manipulated by open-top chambers (OTCs) for two growing seasons, increasing temperature and decreasing soil moisture (i.e., increased aridity), and grazing was excluded for one dormant season between these two growing seasons. We calculated the community-weighted mean (CWM) and the functional diversity (FD) of six leaf traits. Based on a variance partitioning approach, we evaluated how much of the responses in CWM and FD to OTCs and dormant season grazing occur through plasticity. The interactive effect of OTCs and the dormant season grazing were detected only after considering the role of trait plasticity. Overall, OTCs influenced the responses in CWM more than in FD, but the effects of OTCs were much less pronounced where dormant season grazing occurred. Thus, warming (together with decreased soil moisture) and the elimination of dormant season grazing could interact to impact the functional trait structure of plant communities through trait plasticity. Climate change effects should be considered in the context of altered land use, even if temporally disjunct.
Assessment and management of vitamin status in children with CKD stages 2–5, on dialysis and post-transplantation: clinical practice points from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce
Authors: Anderson Caroline E. , Tuokkola Jetta , Qizalbash Leila , Harmer Matthew , Nelms Christina L. , Stabouli Stella , Toole Barry , Polderman Nonnie , Desloovere An , Renken-Terhaerdt Jose , Vega Molly R. Wong , Snauwaert Evelien , Walle Johan Vande , Haffner Dieter , Paglialonga Fabio , Shroff Rukshana , Shaw Vanessa , Greenbaum Larry A. , Warady Bradley A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChildren with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk for vitamin deficiency or excess. Vitamin status can be affected by diet, supplements, kidney function, medications, and dialysis. Little is known about vitamin requirements in CKD, leading to practice variation.The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT), an international team of pediatric kidney dietitians and pediatric nephrologists, was established to develop evidence-based clinical practice points (CPPs) to address challenges and to serve as a resource for nutritional care. Questions were formulated using PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes), and literature searches undertaken to explore clinical practice from assessment to management of vitamin status in children with CKD stages 2–5, on dialysis and post-transplantation (CKD2-5D&T). The CPPs were developed and finalized using a Delphi consensus approach. We present six CPPs for vitamin management for children with CKD2-5D&T. We address assessment, intervention, and monitoring. We recommend avoiding supplementation of vitamin A and suggest water-soluble vitamin supplementation for those on dialysis. In the absence of evidence, a consistent structured approach to vitamin management that considers assessment and monitoring from dietary, physical, and biochemical viewpoints is needed. Careful consideration of the impact of accumulation, losses, comorbidities, and medications needs to be explored for the individual child and vitamin before supplementation can be considered. When supplementing, care needs to be taken not to over-prescribe. Research recommendations are suggested.
Magic squares, the symmetric group and Möbius randomness
Authors: Gorodetsky Ofir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiaconis and Gamburd computed moments of secular coefficients in the CUE ensemble. We use the characteristic map to give a new combinatorial proof of their result. We also extend their computation to moments of traces of symmetric powers, where the same result holds but in a wider range. Our combinatorial proof is inspired by gcd matrices, as used by Vaughan and Wooley and by Granville and Soundararajan. We use these CUE computations to suggest a conjecture about moments of characters sums twisted by the Liouville (or by the Möbius) function, and establish a version of it in function fields. The moral of our conjecture (and its verification in function fields) is that the Steinhaus random multiplicative function is a good model for the Liouville (or for the Möbius) function twisted by a random Dirichlet character. We also evaluate moments of secular coefficients and traces of symmetric powers, without any condition on the size of the matrix. As an application we give a new formula for a matrix integral that was considered by Keating, Rodgers, Roditty-Gershon and Rudnick in their study of the k-fold divisor function.
Systematic adaptation and investigation of the understandability of a formal pattern language
Authors: Henkel Elisabeth , Hauff Nico , Langenfeld Vincent , Eber Lukas , Podelski Andreas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFormal pattern languages are used in industry to communicate and analyse requirements, as they are said to be both machine-readable and intuitively understandable for humans. The questions arise to what extent this intuitive understanding of a pattern language is in agreement with its formal semantics and whether this understanding can be increased systematically. We present two consecutive empirical experiments to address these questions. The formal semantics serves as an objective judge on the intuitive understanding. Our experiments confirm the practical usefulness of HanforPL insofar the intuition matches the formal semantics in most practically relevant cases. They also reveal a number of edge cases where even a prior exposure to formal logic is not a guarantee for correct understanding. We present and validate systematic adjustments to the patterns, leading to several large increases in understandability but come at the cost of new, but less impactful ambiguities. We demonstrate how an inquiry on the alignment of the intuitive and formal semantics of a pattern language can help to understand and improve the language. While results regarding the understandability of HanforPL are favourable in commonly used cases, there is potential for improvement. The systematic adaption of patterns shows that small modifications may have large effects on the alignment of formal and intuitive semantics, and that modification must be considered with caution in the context of the respective pattern to avoid unintentionally adding new ambiguities. This article is an extension of our published REFSQ paper.
Advancing inclusive innovation policy in the UK’s second-tier city-regions
Authors: Parsons Katherine , Delbridge Rick , Uyarra Elvira , Waite David , Huggins Robert , Morgan Kevin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe UK exhibits stark regional economic divides which have been a long running concern for policymakers. With the levelling up agenda taking shape, city-regions in the UK are developing innovation and business support policies in seeking to deliver on a range of goals from traditional productivity concerns to wider social and environmental imperatives. Drawing on interviews with key actors in the city-regions of Cardiff, Manchester and Glasgow, this paper points to an emerging directional change in innovation policy, yet we show that capacities to articulate and implement an inclusive innovation approach vary widely. The uneven landscape for innovation policy within each of the city-regions, in terms of the location of innovation assets but also the varied institutional and social legacies shaping innovation policy, is also brought into view. Central to the reshaping of innovation policy in all cases, however, are agents working in networks, fashioning narratives and marshalling data in efforts to mobilise new ways of practicing innovation policy within what remains a centralised approach to sub-national economic development.
Analysis of aged microplastics: a review
Authors: Shi Yanqi , Shi Linping , Huang Hexinyue , Ye Kefu , Yang Luming , Wang Zeena , Sun Yifan , Li Dunzhu , Shi Yunhong , Xiao Liwen , Gao Shixiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicroplastics are emerging contaminants that undergo progressive aging under environmental conditions such as sunlight irradiation, mechanical forces, temperature variations, and the presence of biological organisms. Since aging modifies microplastic properties, such as their own toxicity and the toxicity of trapped pollutants, advanced methods to analyze microplastics are required. Here we review methods to analyze microplastic aging with focus on the aging process, qualitative identification, quantitative characterization, and chemometrics. Qualitative identification is done by mechanical techniques, thermal techniques, e.g., thermal degradation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and spectral techniques, e.g., infrared, Raman, fluorescent, and laser techniques. Quantitative characterization is done by microscopy and mass spectrometry. Microplastic aging results in a series of surface physical changes, biofilm formation, chemical oxidation, thermal alternation, and mechanical deterioration. Changes in mechanical and thermal properties allow to differentiate aged microplastics. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are rapid and sensitive for chemical identification of microplastics in complex environmental samples. Combining two techniques is preferable for accurate detection and categorization.
Enhancing urban blue-green landscape quality assessment through hybrid genetic algorithm-back propagation (GA-BP) neural network approach: a case study in Fucheng, China
Authors: Fan Ding , Maliki Nor Zarifah Binti , Yu Siwei , Jin Fengcheng , Han Xinyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study employs an artificial neural network optimization algorithm, enhanced with a Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation (GA-BP) network, to assess the service quality of urban water bodies and green spaces, aiming to promote healthy urban environments. From an initial set of 95 variables, 29 key variables were selected, including 17 input variables, such as water and green space area, population size, and urbanization rate, six hidden layer neurons, such as patch number, patch density, and average patch size, and one output variable for the comprehensive value of blue-green landscape quality. The results indicate that the GA-BP network achieves an average relative error of 0.94772%, which is superior to the 1.5988% of the traditional BP network. Moreover, it boasts a prediction accuracy of 90% for the comprehensive value of landscape quality from 2015 to 2022, significantly outperforming the BP network’s approximate 70% accuracy. This method enhances the accuracy of landscape quality assessment but also aids in identifying crucial factors influencing quality. It provides scientific and objective guidance for future urban landscape structure and layout, contributing to high-quality urban development and the creation of exemplary living areas.
Synthesis of Reusable CNF/Ag2Se Films as Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysts for Photocatalytic Degradation of MB
Authors: Hameed Talaat A. , Salama Ahmed , Nasr Rabab A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn our study’s scenario, flexible films were fabricated from TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers and silver selenide (CNF/Ag2Se) as efficient membranes for the degradation of methylene blue (MB). Different concentrations of Ag2Se particles were in situ prepared in the presence of CNF. The in-situ synthesis of Ag2Se nanoparticles in the presence of CNF was reported as efficient technique for the formation of submicrosize Ag2Se particles with a narrow size distribution and homogeneous dispersion onto CNF. TEM analysis revealed that the nanofibers had uniform width and diameter, while XRD demonstrated single-phase orthorhombic β-Ag2Se formation. 3D-FESEM showed tiny root measurer values of 28, 30, and 32.56 nm in polymeric films with 2.5, 5, and 10% Ag2Se-filled CNF. Polymeric films had visible-driven-light photocatalytic activity because the band gap fell from 4.61 eV (UV area) to 2.71 eV (visible region). The composite’s photocatalytic performance was assessed by MB degradation. 10% of CNF/Ag2Se demonstrated maximal photocatalytic activity under simulated sunlight for 60 min, pH 9, and 3 g/L composite weight. The factorial design statistical analysis showed that MB dye photodegradation is mostly affected by irradiation time and dye concentration. Environmental, social, and economic factors are all considered, making this study suitable for implementing photocatalysis to large-scale water treatment systems, which is a key component of sustainability.