bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal cutaneous vasculitis and alopecia at sites of rabies vaccination in dogs
Authors: Wilcock Brian P. , Yager Julie A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A focal cutaneous lesion developed at the site of previous rabies vaccine administration in 13 dogs. Ten of the affected dogs were Poodles. The interval between vaccination and first observation of the lesion varied from 3 to 6 months. Skin lesions were hyperpigmented, alopecic macules, 2 to 5 cm in diameter. The consistent histologic lesion was vasculitis affecting arterioles of the deep dermis and subcutis. Other histologic lesions included epidermal, follicular, and adnexal atrophy, hyperpigmentation, chronic septal panniculitis, fat necrosis, and focal lymphocytic nodules in the deep dermis and subcutis. Rabies-specific fluorescence was seen in the walls of dermal blood vessels and in the epithelium of hair follicles in each of 3 dogs tested. Immunoglobulin G was detected in similar locations in one of 3 dogs tested. No difference in serum neutralizing anti-rabies antibody titers were detected between 5 affected dogs tested and 4 clinically normal dogs.
Study on the etiologic role of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in pneumonia of dairy calves
Authors: Baker John C. , Werdin Ronald E. , Ames Trevor R. , Markham R. J. F. , Larson Vaughn L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was the viral agent most commonly identified in 14 epizootics of pneumonia in dairy calves. A microtiter serum-virus neutralization test proved to be the best means of identifying involvement of brsv; seroconversion (fourfold or greater rise in titer) was demonstrated in 10 of the 14 epizootics. Only limited involvement of bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza 3 virus, and bovine adenovirus type 3 was recognized. Pasteurella multocida was isolated in 12 of 14 epizootics, and Pasteurella haemolytica in 4 of 14 epizootics. Mycoplasmal and ureaplasmal agents were isolated in all 14 epizootics.
Correlation of the presence of seminal white blood cells and the prevalence of separated spermatozoal heads with subclinical Brucella ovis infection in rams
Authors: Kimberling Cleon V. , Arnold Kristin S. , Schweitzer Darrel J. , Jones Robert L. , VonByern Heinrich , Lucas Merlin 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A breeding soundness evaluation was conducted on 824 Colorado range rams. These rams were determined to be free from epididymitis via testicular palpation. Semen evaluation included microscopic observation for the presence of wbc. Of the 824 rams, 15.5% failed the breeding soundness evaluation on the basis of the semen evaluation: 10.6% had wbc in the semen and 4.9% had poor sperm morphology. The prevalence of Brucella ovis isolation varied from 0% to 16.2% within flocks. The prevalence of subclinical B ovis infection was 10% in the control flocks. Brucella ovis was isolated from 71.9% of the rams that had wbc in their semen.
From this study, it appeared that palpation and vaccination may be inadequate for control of ram epididymitis.
Equine ehrlichial colitis (Potomac horse fever): Recognition of the disease in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Idaho, and Connecticut
Authors: Palmer Jonathan E. , Whitlock Robert H. , Benson Charles E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Equine ehrlichial colitis (Potomac horse fever), a newly identified colitis of the horse, was first recognized in Maryland. In this report, we document occurrence of the disease in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Idaho, and Connecticut. Enzootic areas were recognized by a characteristic pattern. Frequently there was a seasonal pattern and high prevalence of sporadic colitis in unstressed horses. The attack rate per farm generally was low. Horses on pasture, as well as those stabled, were affected. Clinical signs varied from fever and depression to severe diarrhea and laminitis. Occasionally horses developed profound ileus and severe colic. Diagnosis was based on detection of an increase or decrease in serum antibody titers to Ehrlichia risticii, using an indirect fluorescent antibody technique.
Relationship between mastitis pathogen numbers in bulk tank milk and bovine udder infections in California dairy herds
Authors: Gonzalez R. N. , Jasper D. E. , Bushnell R. B. , Farver T. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Samples of bulk tank milk and cow-composite milk from 23,138 dairy cows from 50 California dairies were examined by use of microbiologic procedures. The number of colonies of mastitis pathogens isolated per milliliter of bulk tank milk (used as a predictor of the percentage of infected cows in the herd) was evaluated, using simple regression analysis and Spearman's rank correlation. Correlations between the pathogens and the percentage of cows in each herd shedding the pathogens were found for Streptococcus agalactiae (r = 0.71) and mycoplasma (r = 0.59), but were considerably lower for other pathogens. When ≥ 4,000 colonies of Streptococcus agalactiae were found per milliliter of bulk tank milk, at least 7% of the cows in the herd was shedding this organism. However, a pattern was not found between the number of mycoplasma colonies per milliliter of bulk tank milk and the percentage of infected cows in the herd.
New perspectives in cardiology: Pharmacodynamic classification of antiarrhythmic drugs
Authors: Adams H. Richard 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Recent advancements in cardiac pharmacology and physiology have led to the identification of many new antiarrhythmic drugs and a better understanding of basic arrhythmogenic mechanisms. These parallel developments prompted a new nomenclature system for classifying the clinically important antiarrhythmic drugs according to their predominant electrophysiologic actions in cardiac cells. Antiarrhythmic drugs are now grouped into 4 main classes: classes I through IV. Class I agents comprise the standard membrane-stabilizing drugs such as lidocaine, quinidine, and procainamide; newer class I agents include disopyramide, aprindine, tocainide, and flecainide. Class II agents decrease sympathroadrenal excitation of the heart, and the clinically relevant members of this type act through blockade of the cardiac β1-adrenergic receptors; propranolol is the prototype. Class III agents selectively prolong the cardiac action potential and refractory period, and bretylium and amiodarone represent this group. Class IV agents are the calcium entry blocking drugs such as verapamil. An understanding of this classification system is essential to the internist and cardiologist who are beset with an emerging array of new antiarrhythmic drugs and affiliated pharmacodynamic terminologies.
Subchondral osseous cystic lesions of the elbow of horses: Conservative versus surgical treatment
Authors: Bertone Alicia L. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Powers Barbara E. , Stashak Ted S. , Aanes Wilbur A. , Turner A. Simon 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Subchondral osseous cystic lesion of the elbow was diagnosed as a cause of lameness in 6 horses. Persistent lameness and signs of degenerative joint disease developed in the first 3 horses treated conservatively with confinement. Subsequently, 3 horses were each treated by extra-articular enucleation of the cystic cavity via the proximal-medial aspect of the radius. Compared with conservative management, better long-term success (determined by return of athletic soundness and less evidence of degenerative joint disease) was achieved with surgical curettage of elbow subchondral cystic lesions.
Laboratory diagnosis of Giardia duodenalis infection in dogs
Authors: Baker David G. , Strombeck Donald R. , Gershwin Laurel J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Results of trichrome staining of fecal samples and intestinal contents preserved in polyvinyl alcohol fixative, fecal flotation utilizing unpreserved feces, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum specimens were compared for the diagnosis of Giardia duodenalis infections in dogs. Trichrome staining of preserved fecal samples resulted in the identification of 44 (92%) of the 48 infected dogs from a group of 200 dogs. Trichrome staining of preserved intestinal contents resulted in the identification of 26 (54%) of the infected dogs, and fecal flotation resulted in the identification of 23 (48%) of the infected dogs. Giardia duodenalis antibodies were not detected consistently in the sera of infected dogs.
Osteosarcoma in cats: 22 cases (1974-1984)
Authors: Bitetto William V. , Patnaik Amiya K. , Schrader Steven C. , Mooney Samantha C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Osteosarcoma was diagnosed in 22 cats. Diagnosis was based on results of physical, radiographic, and histologic findings. Fifteen tumors arose from the appendicular skeleton, 4 from the skull, 2 from the pelvis, and 1 from a rib. Radiography revealed that in 14 of 15 cats (93%) with appendicular tumors, the lesion was metaphyseal, primarily lytic, with a “moth-eaten” appearance; absence and presence of periosteal new bone formation were associated with the tumors in 12 and 3 cats, respectively. The remaining 7 cats had axial tumors that were characterized by the presence of periosteal new bone formation in addition to bony lysis. Of the 15 cats with appendicular tumors, 12 were treated by amputation and 3 were euthanatized at the time of diagnosis. Of the cats undergoing amputation for treatment of their appendicular tumors, 6 cats were still alive 64 months after surgery (range, 13 to 64 months); the median survival time of the 5 cats (1 cat was lost to follow-up evaluation) that died was 49.2 months (range, 1 to 122 months). Four of 12 cats (33%) survived ≥5 years after diagnosis. Of the cats with axial tumors that were not euthanatized at the time of diagnosis (6 of 7), the median survival time was 5.5 months. Based on these findings, we concluded that cats with appendicular osteosarcoma have a better prognosis than those with axial osteosarcoma, and that amputation is a viable treatment for cats with appendicular osteosarcoma.
Serologic prevalence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus in California goat dairies.
Authors: East N. E. , Rowe J. D. , Madewell B. R. , Floyd K. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fifty-three percent of goats in 13 California goat dairies had antibodies to caprine arthritis - encephalitis virus (caev), as determined by agar-gel immunodiffusion. Those goat dairies that reared kids on pasteurized milk had a lower seroprevalence than those that did not. Age, rearing kids on unpasteurized milk, and the presence of large joints were associated with antibodies to caev. Breed was associated with seroreactivity, but the association was confounded by other factors. Sex was not associated with antibodies to caev. The relationship between age and antibodies to caev was observed for goats reared on pasteurized or unpasteurized milk, which indicated that continued horizontal (contact) transmission may be important on these dairies and limited the effect of a pasteurized rearing program on control of caev infection.
Effects of nonadherent dressing materials on the healing of open wounds in dogs
Authors: Lee Alice H. , Swaim Steven F. , McGuire John A. , Hughes Kim S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Four types of nonadherent dressing materials (rayon/polyethylene dressings, cotton nonadherent film dressings, fine mesh gauze petrolatum dressings, and commercial petrolatum emulsion dressings) were applied on small full-thickness skin defects on the backs of 12 Beagles. At 7 days, the wounds treated with the petrolatum-containing dressings had more contraction than wounds dressed with cotton nonadherent film dressings and wounds dressed with rayon/polyethylene dressings. However, by days 14 and 21, there was little difference in the amount of contraction of any of the wounds. At 7, 14, and 21 days, the wounds dressed with petrolatum-containing dressings had less epithelialization than wounds dressed with cotton nonadherent film dressings and rayon/polyethylene dressings. The uniform open mesh of the commercial petrolatum emulsion dressings allowed the best absorption of exudate and bacteria into the secondary overlying bandage.
Economic losses from an episode of zinc toxicosis on a California veal calf operation using a zinc sulfate-supplemented milk replacer
Authors: Graham T. W. , Goodger W. J. , Christiansen V. , Thurmond M. C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
An episode of zinc toxicosis in 95 veal calves caused $29,602 in losses to the producer ($315/affected calf), most of them direct, out-of-pocket losses. Increased calf mortality and increased veterinary service costs accounted for a majority (70%) of the losses. Reduction of losses may have been accomplished by removing the source and increasing the roughage content in the diet, or by shipping the animals for immediate slaughter. Given the magnitude of the financial loss, especially those associated with calf mortality, it was concluded that producers should refrain from using large amounts of mineral supplements unless a deficiency has been diagnosed.
Canine prostatic disease—comparison of radiographic appearance with morphologic and microbiologic findings: 30 cases (1981–1985)
Authors: Feeney D. A. , Johnston G. R. , Klausner J. S. , Perman V. , Leininger J. R. , Tomlinson M. J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A retrospective analysis was made of radiographs from 24 clinically normal young adult male Beagles used in previously reported base-line research on the distal male urinary tract. The ventrodorsal and craniocaudal prostate gland dimensions were measured, as visualized on the lateral radiographic view, and expressed as a ratio of the distance between the cranial aspect of the pubic bone and the sacral promontory. In 17 of these 24 dogs, there was sufficient image clarity to permit confident measurement of prostatic dimensions. From these data, the largest acceptable prostatic dimension, as visualized on the lateral radiographic view, was 70% of the pubic-promontory distance.
A retrospective analysis was made of 30 cases of canine prostatic disease, with the objective of identifying the radiographic (survey and distention retrograde urethrocystogram) appearance most often associated with the various spontaneous prostatic diseases. Prostatomegaly was not specific for the cause of prostatic disease, except if the apparent parenchymal dimensions were ≥90% of the public-promontory distance wherein neoplasia, abscess, and paraprostatic cysts (readily differentiated from diffuse intraparenchymal disease by ultrasonography) were the principle considerations. Multifocal, irregularly shaped, parenchymal mineral densities were observed only in dogs with prostatic carcinoma (4/7 cases) or prostatitis (1 case of chronic prostatitis). Narrowing of the prostatic portion of the urethra was observed only in association with abscess, neoplasm, or noninflammatory nonneoplastic disease (possibly benign hypertrophy/hyperplasia), whereas widening of this part of the urethra was not observed. Asymmetric distribution of the prostatic parenchyma around the urethra was not specific for type of disease, but was indicative of focal or regional (rather than diffuse) parenchymal disease. Destruction or distortion of the prostatic urethra was observed only as a result of neoplasia, but appearance was insufficient to differentiate prostatic from nonprostatic cell types.
Economics of Brucella ovis control in sheep: Epidemiologic simulation model
Authors: Carpenter Tim E. , Berry Steven L. , Glenn John S. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The epidemiology and economics of Brucella ovis control in a hypothetical, commercial sheep flock (100 rams and 2,500 ewes) were investigated. The investigation consisted of an epidemiologic simulation model, reported here, and a decision-tree analysis, reported in a companion paper. The epidemiologic model was designed to simulate the transmission and persistence of B ovis in a ram flock during the mating season as well as the nonmating (isolation) season.
A constant contact rate was selected for the nonmating season and a varying contact rate was selected for the mating season to reflect changes in numbers of ewes in estrus. These contact rates were used to evaluate all possible combinations of 5 control alternatives for flock infection rates ranging from 0% to 38%.
Vaccination was found to be more effective as a control strategy when the prevalence of flock infection was high (>15%); however, it did not substantially reduce B ovis transmission when the prevalence of flock infection was low (<10%). The effect of increasing vaccine efficacy from 40% to 80% had minimal effect on incidence of new cases.
The speed with which B ovis could be eradicated depended on the initial prevalence of infection and the screening tests used (palpation, semen testing for leukocytes, and elisa). All combinations of screening tests verified the usefulness of palpation. Simulation model results indicated that it may be feasible to eradicate B ovis from flocks with moderate to high (10% to 38%) prevalence of infection by culling on the basis of 2 sequential tests. Results from this model were then used to evaluate the economic impact of control alternatives in the decision-tree analysis, as reported in the companion paper.
Identification of ovine adenovirus types five and six in an epizootic of respiratory tract disease in recently weaned lambs
Authors: LeaMaster B. R. , Evermann J. F. , Lehmkuhl H. D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Eight hundred fourteen Polypay-cross lambs, 32 to 35 days old, were housed in an isolation barn under semiconfinement conditions. The lambs were observed twice daily for clinical signs of respiratory tract disease. During the 8-week observation period, an epizootic of respiratory tract disease developed, in which the combined morbidity and mortality was approximately 13%. The overall mortality was 4.1%, of which 57.6% was attributable to pneumonia. Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from 11 (58 %) of the 19 lung specimens obtained at necropsy. Serotyping revealed the presence of multiple serotypes: A1, A2, A5, A6, A9, and A12. Viruses with properties consistent with ovine adenovirus were isolated from 36% of the lung specimens. Five of the isolates were selected to determine their antigenic serotype. Results of virus neutralization testing indicated that in this group of lambs, there was concurrent infection with Mastadenovirus ovi type 5 and type 6.
Serial determination of thyroxine concentrations in hyperthyroid cats
Authors: Broome Michael R. , Feldman Edward C. , Turrel Jane M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations of 10 hyperthyroid cats were measured at hourly intervals between 9 am and 4 pm. In 5 cats, blood samples were obtained by jugular venipuncture; the remaining 5 cats had blood samples obtained from jugular catheters. Over the 7-hour period, a significant temporal (diurnal) variation was not identified in the serum T4 concentrations of the cats (P>0.01). The lowest mean serum T4 concentration (9.1 μg/dl) was measured at 3 pm and was 14.2% less than the highest mean serum T4 concentration (10.6 μg/dl) measured at 9 am.
Though there were fluctuations in serum T4 concentrations during the 7-hour period, the differences were not systematic. The maximal variation in serum T4 concentrations over the 7-hour period averaged less than 21%. Despite the random variations during the 7-hour period, none of the measured serum T4 concentrations was in the normal range. Measurement of serum T4 concentration from randomly obtained blood samples was determined to be reliable for diagnosing feline hyperthyroidism.
Applications of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of parenchymal kidney disease in cats: 24 cases (1981-1986)
Authors: Walter P. A. , R.Johnston G. R. , Feeney D. A. , O'Brien T. D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Renal sonograms from 24 cats with confirmed parenchymal kidney disease and from 1 cat with radiographic and palpable evidence of renal enlargement (but without identifiable histologic abnormalities) were evaluated to describe the ultrasonographic appearance of feline renal diseases and to determine the role of ultrasonographic examination in the clinical evaluation of these cases. In all cats with radiographic evidence of abnormal renal size or contour and when poor intraabdominal radiographic contrast precluded visualization of the kidneys, ultrasonography provided complementary information pertaining to location (cortical/ medullary), extent, and distribution (focal/multifocal/ diffuse) of disease. Ultrasonography also characterized these lesions as cystic (cavitating) or solid.
The echo patterns were most specific for renal cysts. Infiltrative diseases did not have consistent patterns. Multifocal hypoechoic nodules, diffuse cortical hyper-echogenicity, and normal-appearing parenchyma were identified. In these instances, however, ultrasonography did define the extent of disease and narrowed the spectrum of differential considerations.
Colopexy of the equine large colon: Comparison of two techniques
Authors: Markel Mark D. , Dreyfuss Daniel J. , Meagher Dennis M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A study was designed to evaluate 2 colopexy techniques (A and B) in 8 clinically normal horses to determine which technique would prevent recurrence of large-colon displacement and/or volvulus. For technique A, 35 cm of the lateral free band of the left ventral colon was sutured to the abdominal wall, 6 cm to the left of ventral midline. For technique B, the medial free band of the left ventral colon was sutured to the medial free band of the right ventral colon, and 8 cm of the lateral free band of the left ventral colon was sutured to the abdominal wall, 6 cm to the left of ventral midline.
One horse from each group was euthanatized at 6 months, and another at 12 months after surgery. The position of the large colon, the integrity of the colopexy, and other adhesions within the abdominal cavity were evaluated. At necropsy, attempts were made to manually create displacement and volvulus of the large colon.
The remaining horses in each group were anesthetized 6 months or 12 months after surgery, and the integrity of the colopexy was evaluated. After a 60-day recovery period, these horses were exercised for 2 months.
Although each horse initially lost weight, the weight of all but 2 was acceptable at the conclusion of the study. Two horses that had technique-B colopexies had progressive weight loss serious enough to warrant euthanasia.
Both colopexy techniques prevented manual creation of large-colon displacement and large-colon volvulus centered at the sternal and diaphragmatic flexures. Technique-A colopexy also prevented manual creation of volvulus of the large colon centered at its base. Technique B did not prevent creation of volvulus of the large colon centered at its base, although it did make creation of volvulus difficult.
Because of ease, short surgical time, and minimal complications, technique A was recommended for horses with recurrence of large-colon displacement or volvulus. Technique B was not recommended, because of its inability to prevent manual creation of volvulus of the large colon centered at its base and because of its potential for causing weight loss.