bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stump infection by Armillaria in first‐rotation conifers
Authors: Rishbeth J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInformation about the entry of Armillaria into first‐rotation pine and spruce stands was obtained by searching for infected stumps, rhizomorph systems or trees that had been killed. In pines Armillaria foci were very rare. In pure Norway spruce Armillaria lutea and A. mellea were detected in stumps but rhizomorphs did not extend into the soil; in Norway spruce mixed with oak, by contrast, A. lutea sometimes produced extensive rhizomorph systems. In Sitka spruce small groups of trees had been killed by A. ostoyae. All foci investigated in conifers contained different genotypes of Armillaria and probably originated from spore infection of stumps created by thinning. Some implications of these findings are discussed.
Production d'hydrolases dégradant des polyosides pariétaux par Rigidoporus lignosus, un des agents du pourridié blanc de l'Hévéa
Authors: Lafitte C. , Barthe J.‐P. , Touzé A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Cell wall‐degrading enzymes produced by Rigidoporus lignosus in vitro and in vivo. Secretion of 3 polysaccharide degrading enzymes (cellulase, xylanase, endopolygalacturonase) by R. lignosus, responsible for white root rot of Hevea, was studied in culture and during pathogenesis.
The response of Populus ‘NE 42’ (P. maximowiczii × P. trichocarpa) to infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata isolated from cacao‐tree and plane
Authors: Przybyl Krystyna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractShoots of a poplar clone susceptible to a Ceratocystis fimbriata strain from poplar were inoculated with strains of the fungus isolated from cacao‐tree and plane. Disease symptoms and pathological changes in shoots as well as the development of the fungus in tissues are reported.
Ecophysiological reactions of different provenances of European Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) to SO2 exposure during winter
Authors: Larsen J. B. , Qian X. M. , Scholz F. , Wagner I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhotosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal behavior were studied in different Abies alba provenances during and after SO2 exposure. Differences in SO2 sensitivity and regeneration ability between provenances could be demonstrated.
Studies of Marssonina castagnei in Australasia
Authors: Spiers A. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractComparative studies of conidium morphology and host range and pathogenicity tests of Australian and New Zealand isolates of Marssonina castagnei in the laboratory established their equivalence which was indicative of a common origin. It is speculated that trans‐Tasman dispersal is responsible for the introduction of M. castagnei into New Zealand and its widespread distribution. This is based on the prior recording of M. castagnei in Australia, the potential of M. castagnei conidia for long distance transport and the proven records of trans‐Tasman dispersal of other pathogens. Laboratory inoculations and field observations showed P. alba cv. Silver poplar and its hybrids to be highly susceptible to M. castagnei. Populus alba X P. glandulosa hybrids and Italian selections of P. alba showed high field resistance.
Growth and visible responses of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to simulated summer frost
Authors: Holopainen K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractScots pine seedlings, 20–30 days old, were exposed to simulated summer frost in controlled environment growth chambers. The responses observed showed extreme variation between individual seedlings; seedlings suffering from needle‐necrosis, healthy‐looking, and dead seedlings were found in the same treatment. Four days exposure to temperatures below –4.5°C caused multiple‐leaders maximally in 7.7 % of the pine seedlings and resulted in decreased shoot and root dry weight and shoot length.
Intracellular infection by fungi in mycorrhizae of damaged spruce trees
Authors: Haug I. , Weber G. , Oberwinkler F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIntracellular infection was found in the vascular tissue and meristem of mycorrhizae of a severely damaged stand of spruce and fir trees in the Northern Black Forest. Two fungal species could be isolated from surface sterilized mycorrhizae: Mycelium radicis atrovirens and Cryptosporiopsis cf. abietina. Infection tests with spruce seedlings revealed that mainly Cryptosporiopsis cf. abietina must be held responsible for infection of the vascular tissue. Less infectious was Mycelium radicis atrovirens, which infected only cortex cells.
Production of phenols in the sapwood of Eucalyptus maculata after wounding and infection
Authors: Mireku E. , Wilkes J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhen the sapwood of Eucalyptus maculata Hook, was tested between 7 and 240 days after injury, increases were generally detected in both the concentration of phenols and activity of phenol oxidizing enzymes (peroxidase, tyrosinase and laccase). This effect was most pronounced in a narrow ‘marginal zone’ at the boundary of healthy and injured/infected tissues. It is probable that one or more enzymes stimulate production of antimicrobial phenols contributing to effective compartmenalization of microbial invasion in the sapwood.
Effect of suppression and felling on infection of oak and Scots pine by Armillaria
Authors: Davidson A. J. , Rishbeth J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT Armillaria mellea, A. ostoyae and A. bulbosa, but not A. tabescens, infected some of the heavily suppressed oaks that had been inoculated, whereas only A. mellea infected subdominant oaks. The same three species also infected suppressed Scots pines, but only A. ostoyae infected subdominant ones. Infections in stump roots of oak inoculated with A. mellea, A. ostoyae, A. bulbosa and A. tabescens were small unless roots had been weakened by severing; intact stump roots of pine were colonized more extensively than those of oak by the first three species.
Ultrastructural changes in mesophyll cells of spruce needles from a declining forest in northern Germany
Authors: Meyberg M. , Lockhausen J. , Kristen U. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDilatation of thylakoids in mesophyll chloroplasts was found in needles from diseased Norway spruce. Additionally, the shape of the chloroplasts with extreme swellings of thylakoids had become spherical. These cytopathological symptoms are clearly distinct from structural changes observed in senescent needles from healthy trees.
Relative susceptibilities to Sphaeropsis sapinea of six Pinus spp. cultivated in South Africa
Authors: Swart W. J. , Wingfield M. J. , Knox‐Davies P. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe relative susceptibilities to Sphaeropsis sapinea of six Pinus spp. cultivated in South Africa were investigated in growth chamber and field inoculations. The relative susceptibilities of the species tested, compare favourably with field observations by foresters over a number of years. There was some variation in pathogenicity among S. sapinea isolates on the different species.
Stem necrosis of Populus deltoides X P. trichocarpa in New Zealand caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Populi
Authors: Hawortharsen R. H. , Spiers A. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOne‐year‐old nursery‐grown trees of Populus deltoides X P. trichocarpa parentage exhibited stem necrosis and lesioning during the unusually moist 1985–1986 growing season. A yellow‐pigmented, Gram negative, aerobic, monotrichous bacterium which utilized salicin was isolated from infected tissue almost in pure culture. The bacterium was identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. populi and pathogenicity tests revealed it to be the causal organism. This is the first recorded outbreak in New Zealand of stem necrosis of poplars caused by X. campestris pv. populi. The bacterium appears to be an opportunistic pathogen.
Description et distribution du chancre scléroderrien sur Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P
Authors: Laflamme G. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Description and distribution of Scleroderris canker on Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. The distribution of Gremmeniella abietina infecting black spruce in natural regeneration is restricted to an area, 100 km north of Quebec City, Canada. Even with high rates of infection in two studied stands (38 % and 80 %), the disease is not conspicuous; this fact may explain the actual small known distribution of scleroderris canker on natural spruce in North America. The fungus on spruce is morphologically identical to the same species on red pine, but it is different if we compare its sporulation behavior and its reaction to chemical treatments. Its race identification is problematic. A description of symptoms, signs and damages is given.
New types of damage to forest trees typical of the Mediterranean region
Authors: Clauser F. , Gellini R. , BUSSOTTI F. , Cenni E. , Bottacci A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSince 1984 a new type of damage to the typical tree species growing in the mediterranean area has been observed. The pathological picture includes the typical features of “Waldsterben”. The new symptoms occurring in Pinus pinea, P. pinaster, P. halepensis and Qnercus ilex are described.
Identification of viruses from European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) of declining forests in Northrhine‐Westfalia (FRG)
Authors: Winter S. , Nienhaus F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFive different viruses isolated from degenerating European beech of different forest sites of West Germany could be identified as cherry leaf roll virus, brome mosaic virus, potex and potyviruses.
Effect of inoculum density of Macrophomina phaseolina on seedling susceptibility of six conifer species
Authors: McCain A. H. , Scharpf R. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe severity of charcoal root disease of conifer seedlings (Abies concolor, A. magnified, Pinus jeffreyi, P. lambertiana, and Pseudotsuga menziesii) was a power function of the sclerotial density of the fungus (Macrophomina phaseolina) in nursery soil.
Histopathologie du chancre cortical du cypres à Seiridium cardinale
Authors: Et J. Ponchet , Andréoli Claudine 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Histopathology of cankers on Cupressus caused by Seiridium cardinale. The purpose of this work was to understand host defense reactions of cypress trees against S. cardinale canker to improve selection of clones resistant to the disease. Following infection, bark recovery depends on the neophellogenic efficiency to build a necrophylactic periderm (NP) that compartmentalizes the diseased tissue. The thicker the NP the more resistant the bark. Neophellogenic activity can be estimated by measuring the thickness of constitutive phelloderm of the bark of trees from natural plantings or seedlings. Potentially resistant clones having phelloderms thicker than 100μm will be selected for further experiments.
Toxic effects of elm phytoalexin mansonones on Ophiostoma ulmi, the causal agent of dutch elm disease
Authors: Wu W. D. , Jeng R. S. , Hubbes M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe toxic effect of elm phytoalexins (mansonones) on two isolates of Ophiostoma ulmiwas studied cytologically and physiologically. The effects included increasing ion leakage, reducing respiration rate and altering the structure of cellular organelles.
Lethal effects of Chloropicrin and Vorlex on Phellinus weirii and nine Trichoderma species
Authors: Nelson E. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSublethal fumigation followed by introduction of biological control agents may offer a method of controlling laminated root rot [Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb.]. To determine the tolerance of P. weirii and 9 Trichoderma spp. to 2 fumigants, culture tubes containing 47 isolates of these fungi were fumigated for 10 days with 12 concentrations of chloropicrin and Vorlex in sealed glass containers. Considerable variation occurred in tolerance to fumigant among isolates within a species and among species. Isolates of P. weirii, however, were more consistent and were less tolerant to the fumigants than were isolates of the other fungi. In general, isolates of all fungi appeared more tolerant of Vorlex than of chloropicrin.
Pollaccia blight of poplars in India
Authors: Khan S. N. , Misra B. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDetection of leaf and shoot blight of poplars has been reported from India. The causal organism,Pollaccia elegansServ. has been described as it occurs onPopulus ciliataWall. andP. nigraLinn. alongwith disease symptoms.During evaluation of diseases of poplars in Jammu and Kashmir State in May 1986, an outbreak of a very serious leaf and shoot blight ofPopulus ciliataWall. andP. nigraLinn. was detected in Kamraj and Baramulla Forest Divisions. In the present publication the symptoms of the disease and the pathogen as it occurs on poplars in India were described.
Differential reaction in Pinus spp. to inoculation by various isolates of Ascocalyx (Gremmeniella) abietina
Authors: Capretti P. , Dorworth C. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStem inoculations of 3 species of pole‐size pines with 4 diverse isolates of Ascocalyx (Gremmeniella) abietina revealed Pinus pinea to be more susceptible than either P. pinaster or P. nigra in terms of canker length. Isolate type and geographical aspects considered more briefly, also have some effect.
Effects of Douglas‐fir parentage on Swiss needlecast expression
Authors: Nelson E. E. , Silen R. R. , Mandel N. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDensities of pseudothecia on Douglas‐fir needles infected with Phaeocryptopus gaeumanni and needle retention on Christmas trees were related to male and female parentage in a 4 by 5 factorial mating in replicated plantings in western Oregon. Interactions of families by plantation and of male parentage by plantation were highly significant. The additive proportion of variation calculated from variance components due to male and female parentage was greater than 1.00; hence, no evidence was found of nonadditive genetic variance.
Influence of environmental, host and cultural factors on conidium morphology of Marssonina species pathogenic to poplars
Authors: Spiers A. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLaboratory studies investigating the influence of environmental, host and cultural factors on conidium morphology of isolates of Marssonina brunnea, M. castagnei and M. populi established that conidial features (length and breadth dimensions, shape, conidium ratios, L:B, LS:B and septum location) were remarkably stable. Significant differences in length and breadth dimensions and ratios were induced by culture media and host but not by media pH, incubation temperature, photoperiod, leaf age, leaf surface and infection severity. Significant differences in conidial dimensions and ratios of M. brunnea were observed following examination of monthly collections from a single field‐grown tree. The variation in conidial features induced by environmental, host and cultural factors in no instance obscured taxonomic differences between species.
Factors influencing the incidence of Rosellinia necatrix Prill. in poplars1
Authors: Anselmi N. , Giorcelli A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTests were carried out in controlled environments to ascertain the effects of some physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil on the spread of Rosellinia necatrix and on the development of its infection in poplars. Following the results obtained, cultivation techniques have been suggested which could prevent the diffusion of the fungus or reduce the damage it causes.
Chemical and structural characteristics of conifer needles exposed to ambient air pollution
Authors: Kim Yoon Soo , Lee Jae Ki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConifer needles exposed to ambient air pollutants were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Predominant changes on needles were the breakdown and the aggregation of wax structures on stomatal chambers. However, the mode of destruction in stomatal wax structures was dependent on the pollutants. Ginkgo biloba seemed to be resistant to air pollutants despite higher amounts of sulfur in the foliage.
Zur Feinstwurzelentwicklung sauer beregneter Jungfichten (Picea abies Karst.)
Authors: Kattner Doris 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAfter simulating acid rain on 2‐year‐old spruce seedlings (Picea abies. Karst.), potted in soil of a damaged stand, no signs of stunted roots or mycorrhizal injury could be achieved. Liming had some effect on the status of the Hartig net. The findings must be seen as a result of changes in soil chemistry and successful competition of the established mycorrhiza.
Monoterpene composition of the preformed and induced resins of Scots pine, and their effect on bark beetles and associated fungi
Authors: Delorme Lucile , Lieutier F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInoculations of fungi or introductions of insects were performed on Scots pines. The monoterpene composition of the induced resin differed from that of preformed resin, but did not depend on the nature of the aggression on a same tree. There were variations in the composition of induced resin according to tree. Mycelial growth was strongly limited, more by the increase in resin quantity and total monoterpene quantity than by the qualitative changes of the monoterpene composition. Monoterpenes appeared very toxic for Tomicus piniperda, but not for Ips sexdentatus.
Relation between wilt rate and obstruction of water flow in stems of two families of loblolly pine affected by pitch canker
Authors: Solel Z. , Bruck R. I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMovement of water forced through stem segments of two half‐sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), infected by Fusarinum subglutinans, was monitored. Wilt rate of the two families was shown to be correlated with obstruction of water flow through stem segments of similar disease severity.
Stump colonization by Armillaria in Wisconsin aspen stands following clearcutting
Authors: Stanosz G. R. , Patton R. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe frequency and degree of aspen stump colonization by undetermined Armillaria sp. was quantified by examination of 185 bulldozed stumps in two Wisconsin aspen stands, 2or5 years after cutting. Rhizomorphs were associated with all stumps examined. All of the 5‐year‐old stumps and 94 % of the 2‐year‐old stumps were colonized. Armillaria had colonized >50 % of the root‐collar area of 98 % of the 5‐year‐old stumps, but only of 13 % of the 2‐year‐old stumps. Mycehal fans and decay extended from stumps into roots.
Economic impact of a post‐hail outbreak of dieback induced by Sphaeropsis sapinea
Authors: Zwolinski J. B. , Swart W. J. , Wingfield M. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFollowing a hail storm in the southern Cape Province of South Africa, about 2000 ha of pine plantations were infected by Sphaeropsis sapinea. The timber loss due to S. sapinea infection in compartments prematurely clearfelled was about 28% of volume and 55% of value of potential production. Total predicted volume of timber lost in compartments not felled prematurely was an average of 11.4%. Percentage volume lost increased with age, with the greatest losses being recorded on good quality sites.
Nitidulids as vectors of the oak wilt fungus and other Ceratocystis spp. in Texas
Authors: Appel D. N. , Kurdyla T. , Lewis R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSap‐feeding nitidulid beetles were trapped for 15 months at four oak wilt centers in central Texas and assayed for the presence of Ceratocystis fagacearum. Levels of contamination with the pathogen ranged 0.3% (Kerrville) – 2.0% (Austin); also detected were C. piceae at slightly higher levels and a low number of beetles carrying C. pluriannulata. The percentages of contaminated beetles were similar to those reported for other parts of the oak wilt range in the USA, but probable species differences in Texas were detected.
Changes in needle retention associated with the spread and establishment of Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii in planted Douglas fir
Authors: Hood I. A. , Sandberg C. J. , Barr C. W. , Holloway W. A. , Bradbury P. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe needle‐infecting fungus Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii (Rohde) Petrak spread to stands of Douglas fir [Psendotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in most parts of New Zealand following its first detection in the central North Island in 1959. At Hanmer Forest in the South Island, the percentage of infected needles rose more rapidly in a provenance from northern inland California than in one from Kaingaroa Forest in the North Island. Increase in infection was accompanied by a significant decrease in the proportion of needles retained on shoots of certain age classes, the reduction in the Californian seedlot being greater than in that from Kaingaroa. More older foliage was retained in the Kaingaroa provenance at Hanmer Forest, when infection averaged under 30 %, than at two other locations where mean infection exceeded 90 %. It is suggested that heavily infected production stands of Douglas fir suffer some premature casting of older needles, even when crowns appear healthy.
A new method to produce numerous uncontaminated alder seedlings
Authors: Brunner Franziska , Brunner I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSeeds of four species of Alnus were surface sterilized and placed on plates containing water agar. After seedlings had been produced, they were, without the seed coats attached, transferred onto malt agar plates. On such media, possible contaminants grew quickly and contaminated seedlings could be detected and discarded. With this method, numerous uncontaminated seedlings can be produced and used for synthesis experiments.
Studies on conidial germination of Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum, causing leaf blight of Eucalyptus in India1
Authors: Sharma J. K. , Mohanan C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn vitro germination of conidia of Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum Boedijn & Reitsma, a cause of leaf blight of Eucalyptus spp., began after 4.5 h of incubation and attained approx. 95 % within 8 h; germination was optimal at 25°C. Conidial germination on the intact leaves of 2‐month‐old E. grandis occurred after 3 h of incubation. Formation of appressorium over the epidermal cells was recorded first on the abaxial surface of leaves at 6 h and later on the adaxial surface. Formation of appressorium over the stomata was found only very rarely and most leaf penetrations occurred directly through epidermal cells.
Die natürliche Astreinigung und ihre biologischen Voraussetzungen
Authors: Butin Von H. , Kowalski T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNatural pruning of branches and its biological conditions. V. The fungal flora of spruce, pine and larch. The of dead branches from Pica, Pinus sylvestris and larix decidua was investigated. Each tree species is characterized by a host specific fungal flora. Most of the species belong to the and Deuteromycetes.
La Nécrose du Phloème du Tronc de l'Hévéa en Côte d'lvoire: 1. Symptomatologie et caractéristiques biochimiques
Authors: Nandris D. , Chrestin H. , Noirot M. , Nicole M. , Thouveneland J. C. , Geiger J. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhloem Necrosis of the trunk of the rubber tree in Ivory Coast: 1. Symptomatology and biochemical characteristics. External and internal symptoms of this disease affecting the lower part of the trunk of Hevea brasiliensis are described. Data on necrosis spread in the tissue and on comparative biochemical characteristics of latex are given and discussed.
Preliminary investigations on phenolics as a response of Scots pine phloem to attacks by bark beetles and associated fungi1
Authors: Lieutier F. , Yart Annie , Jay‐Allemand Ch. , Delorme Lucile 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo fungus and one bark beetle species were introduced into Scots pine phloem. The phenolic composition of the induced reaction zone in the phloem, studied by two dimensional thin layer chromatography, greatly differed from that of the uninjured phloem. The concentration of three compounds increased, one of them considerably, while the concentration of four others decreased. These modifications were the same irrespective of the nature of the aggressor.