bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noun Phrase Elaboration in Children’s Spoken Stories
Authors: Eisenberg Sarita L. , Ukrainetz Teresa A. , Hsu Jennifer R. , Kaderavek Joan N. , Justice Laura M. , Gillam Ronald B. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeOne feature of literate language, noun phrase elaboration, was examined in the oral fictional narratives of school-aged children.MethodTwo narratives were elicited from 5-, 8- and 11-year-old children, 1 in response to a picture sequence and 1 in response to a single picture. Noun phrases were categorized into 4 types.ResultsSimple designating noun phrases were produced by all children at age 5, simple descriptive noun phrases by all children at age 8, and noun phrases with postmodification by all children at age 11. All noun phrase types were produced by more children in object than in subject position and in the single picture than in the picture sequence context.ConclusionThere are important developmental changes in noun phrase elaboration in the elementary school years as children learn to manage narrative contexts. Even within picture tasks, variations in visual depiction can affect the use of elaborated noun phrases (ENPs), with more descriptive language more likely to occur in narratives based on a single picture fantasy context than on a realistic picture sequence context. Performance expectations for types of ENPs within these contexts are provided. These findings will be useful to school clinicians in evaluating and working on narrative language within the elementary school period.
Legal and Financial Issues Associated With Providing Services in Schools to Children With Swallowing and Feeding Disorders
Authors: Power-deFur Lissa , Alley Nancy S. N. 
Published: April 2008

Purpose
This review of federal statutes and regulations, state and federal administrative and case law, and policy documents is designed to provide information regarding the treatment of children with swallowing and feeding disorders in the law for the purpose of identifying best practice procedures for school personnel serving children with swallowing and feeding disorders.

Method
A narrative review of federal statutes and regulations, state and federal administrative and case law, and policy documents was conducted. The review identified prevailing and emerging policies related to serving children with swallowing and feeding issues in schools. In addition, federal standards regarding funding were reviewed for relevance to serving children with dysphagia.

Implications
Statutes, regulations, and case law establish the rights of students with health impairments, including swallowing and feeding disorders, to receive such related services as are necessary to attend school safely. Recent administrative hearings have addressed dysphagia, identifying the importance of ensuring the child’s feeding safety through diet and services. School districts can receive reimbursement for services that are provided to children with dysphagia through Medicaid when said services are provided in accordance with each state’s Medicaid requirements.
Using Motor Learning Approaches for Treating Swallowing and Feeding Disorders: A Review
Authors: Sheppard Justine J. 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThis article discusses children’s development of mature swallowing and feeding as a process of skill acquisition and considers the applicability of motor learning concepts for advancing these capabilities in school-aged children.MethodThe motor learning literature was reviewed, with concentration on (a) concepts that are relevant for the acquisition of skill and (b) structuring practice experiences to optimize learning.ResultsThe discussion includes (a) swallowing physiology with a focus on motor task components, (b) normal development of eating skills, (c) factors that may slow or disrupt normal development, (d) motor learning concepts found to influence learning efficiency and performance adequacy, (e) applications to the assessment and treatment of pediatric swallowing and feeding disorders, and (f) an illustrative case history.ConclusionDeficiencies in swallowing and feeding may encompass eating, saliva control, swallowing during oral hygiene, and swallowing medications. Motor learning literature provides a rich foundation of evidence-based theory and educational strategies for the development and remediation of motor-based skills such as swallowing and feeding.
Transition From Tube to Oral Feeding in the School Setting
Authors: McKirdy Laura S. , Sheppard Justine J. , Osborne Mary L. , Payne Pamela 
Published: April 2008

Purpose
A school-based treatment program for tube-fed children with medically complex conditions and food refusal was implemented to facilitate the children’s transition to oral feeding and advance their eating skills.

Method
The program combined educational and therapeutic goals. It was implemented in a regional public school for children with hearing impairments. A team approach was used. Collaboration with the student’s families, medical care providers, personal assistants, and classroom staff was maintained.

Results
Detailed case reviews are provided for 2 of the children who completed the program at age 8;1 (years;months) and 7;8 after 29 and 26 months of treatment, respectively. At the end of the program, tube feeding was discontinued; the children were feeding themselves and taking medications orally. One child was using mature eating skills to eat an unrestricted diet; the other was eating a modified diet consisting of a full nutrient drink and limited smooth and lightly textured solids.

Conclusion
Successful transition to oral feeding and advancement of developmental eating skills were accomplished in a school setting for long-term tube-fed children with medically complex conditions. The program included collaboration with family and medical personnel as well as integrated therapeutic and educational goals.
A Simple Mathematical Standardized Measurement of Acetabulum Anteversion after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Liaw Chen-Kun , Yang Rong-Sen , Hou Sheng-Mou , Wu Tai-Yin , Fuh Chiou-Shann 
Published: April 2008

We invented a standardization method to measure the cup′s anteversion after total hip arthroplasty without the influence of patient′s position. We measured 68 radiographs of 10 patients after total hip replacement (THR) and calculated the error of each measurement, defined as the difference with the average of the same measuring method on the same patient. We also calculated the repeatability standard deviation (RSD) of each method according to the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM E691.
Mean absolute inter‐examination angle error, defined as the average of the absolute deviations, was 0.75° for standardized anteversion (range 0.03–2.51°), as compared with those without standardization, 2.30° (range 0.04–13.04°). The inter‐examination measurement reliability (precision), defined as one RSD, was 0.99° for standardized anteversion, as compared with those without standarization, 3.50°. There is no difference between patients four and five without (p = 0.097). There is a significant difference with standardization (p < 0.0001).Our study demonstrated that this mathematical method is a precise tool to measure the anteversion of the acetabular cup. We hope that it can be used widely in the future.
Modelling copepod development: current limitations and a new realistic approach
Authors: Gentleman W. C. , Neuheimer A. B. , Campbell R. G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Gentleman, W. C., Neuheimer, A. B., and Campbell, R. G. 2008. Modelling copepod development: current limitations and a new realistic approach. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 399–413. To predict the influence of environmental variability on copepod dynamics and production, models must account for the effects of temperature and food on stage-dependent time-scales. Here, data for development-time means and variance of Calanus finmarchicus are used to quantify the limitations of existing models. Weight-based individual models are sensitive to uncertain parameters, such as moulting weights, assimilation efficiency, and environmental dependencies, making them highly difficult to calibrate. The accuracy of stage-based population models using ordinary differential equations depends on model structure, with some predicted generation times being incorrect by months. Even when large numbers of age classes are used to reduce modelled variability, it is not possible to make variability consistent with the data. Accuracy of mean times for stage-based population models using difference equations requires a small time-step, which results in large numbers of age classes and modelled variability that is underestimated by orders of magnitude, unless a probabilistic moult fraction is used. We present a new stage-based individual model that avoids the limitations of other models and successfully represents C. finmarchicus mean development timing and associated variability. This approach can be adapted easily for other species, as well as dynamic environmental conditions.
Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes
Authors: Fabry Victoria J. , Seibel Brad A. , Feely Richard A. , Orr James C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFabry, V. J., Seibel, B. A., Feely, R. A., and Orr, J. C. 2008. Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 414–432. Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is altering the seawater chemistry of the world’s oceans with consequences for marine biota. Elevated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is causing the calcium carbonate saturation horizon to shoal in many regions, particularly in high latitudes and regions that intersect with pronounced hypoxic zones. The ability of marine animals, most importantly pteropod molluscs, foraminifera, and some benthic invertebrates, to produce calcareous skeletal structures is directly affected by seawater CO2 chemistry. CO2 influences the physiology of marine organisms as well through acid-base imbalance and reduced oxygen transport capacity. The few studies at relevant pCO2 levels impede our ability to predict future impacts on foodweb dynamics and other ecosystem processes. Here we present new observations, review available data, and identify priorities for future research, based on regions, ecosystems, taxa, and physiological processes believed to be most vulnerable to ocean acidification. We conclude that ocean acidification and the synergistic impacts of other anthropogenic stressors provide great potential for widespread changes to marine ecosystems.
Structure determination of a Galectin‐3–carbohydrate complex using paramagnetism‐based NMR constraints
Authors: Zhuang Tiandi , Lee Han‐Seung , Imperiali Barbara , Prestegard James H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe determination of the location and conformation of a natural ligand bound to a protein receptor is often a first step in the rational design of molecules that can modulate receptor function. NMR observables, including NOEs, often provide the basis for these determinations. However, when ligands are carbohydrates, interactions mediated by extensive hydrogen‐bonding networks often reduce or eliminate NOEs between ligand and protein protons. In these cases, it is useful to look to other distance‐ and orientation‐dependent observables that can constrain the geometry of ligand–protein complexes. Here we illustrate the use of paramagnetism‐based NMR constraints, including pseudo‐contact shifts (PCS) and field‐induced residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). When a paramagnetic center can be attached to the protein, field‐induced RDCs and PCS reflect only bound‐state properties of the ligand, even when averages over small fractions of bound states and large fractions of free states are observed. The effects can also be observed over a long range, making it possible to attach a paramagnetic center to a remote part of the protein. The system studied here is a Galectin‐3–lactose complex. A lanthanide‐binding peptide showing minimal flexibility with respect to the protein was integrated into the C terminus of an expression construct for the Galectin‐3–carbohydrate‐binding domain. Dysprosium ion, which has a large magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, was complexed to the peptide, making it possible to observe both PCSs and field‐induced RDCs for the protein and the ligand. The structure determined from these constraints shows agreement with a crystal structure of a Galectin‐3–N‐acetyllactosamine complex.
Hydrodynamic characterization of the SufBC and SufCD complexes and their interaction with fluorescent adenosine nucleotides
Authors: Petrovic Arsen , Davis Colin T. , Rangachari Kaveri , Clough Barbara , Wilson R.J.M. (Iain) , Eccleston John F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBacteria, as well as the plastid organelles of algae and higher plants, utilize proteins of the suf operon. These are involved in Fe‐S cluster assembly, particularly under conditions of iron limitation or oxidative stress. Genetic experiments in some organisms found that the ATPase SufC is essential, though its role in Fe‐S biogenesis remains unclear. To ascertain how interactions with other individual Suf proteins affect the activity of SufC we coexpressed it with either SufB or SufD from Thermotoga maritima and purified the resulting SufBC and SufCD complexes. Analytical ultracentrifuge and multiangle light‐scattering measurements showed that the SufBC complex exists in solution as the tetrameric SufB2C2 species, whereas SufCD exists as an equilibrium mixture of SufCD and SufC2D2. Transient kinetic studies of the complexes were made using fluorescent 2′(3′)‐O‐(N‐methylanthraniloyl‐(mant) analogues of ATP and ADP. Both SufBC and SufCD bound mantATP and mantADP much more tightly than does SufC alone. Compared to the cleavage step of the mantATPase of SufC alone, that of SufBC was accelerated 180‐fold and that of SufCD only fivefold. Given that SufB and SufD have 20% sequence identity and similar predicted secondary structures, the different hydrodynamic properties and kinetic mechanisms of the two complexes are discussed.
Dendritic cells pulsed with α‐fetoprotein and mutant P53 fused gene induce bi‐targeted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against hepatic carcinoma
Authors: Ren Jun , Jia Jun , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Liwang , Ma Bo , Jiang Hanfang , Di Lijun , Song Guohong , Yu Jing 
Published: April 2008

Dendritic cell (DC)‐based immunotherapy is rapidly emerging as a promising treatment in cancer therapy. We had previously shown that DC pulsed with either defined mRNA of tumor antigen (Ag) such as α‐fetoprotein (AFP), or total RNA of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could elicit Ag‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Therefore, we suggested a novel DC‐based therapeutic method, in which DCs derived from CD34+ cells enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells were pulsed with liposome‐coated AFP and mutant P53 (mtP53) fused gene pEGFP‐C3/AFP‐mtP53 to induce bi‐targeted specific CTL responses against HCC. Three different genotype HCC cell lines, HepG2 (human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA) A2 positive, AFP expressing positive, P53 expressing negative), SMMC7721 (HLA A2 positive, neither AFP nor P53 expressing positive), and HMCC97 (HLA A2 positive, both AFP and P53 expressing positive) were selected as targets for CTL responses. An important finding was that DCs pulsed with the liposome‐coated fused gene could evoke more intensive bi‐targeted Ag‐specific CTL responses against HMCC97 than DCs pulsed with either AFP or P53 single gene (P < 0.05). This experimental therapeutic model provides a new promising cytotherapeutic approach, in that DCs pulsed with the fused gene of different Ags might induce more extensive multitargeted antitumor immunity. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1420–1426)
Interaction of Ganoderma triterpenes with doxorubicin and proteomic characterization of the possible molecular targets of Ganoderma triterpenes
Authors: Yue Qing‐Xi , Xie Fu‐Bo , Guan Shu‐Hong , Ma Chao , Yang Min , Jiang Bao‐Hong , Liu Xuan , Guo De‐An 
Published: April 2008

Triterpenes are the main components with cytotoxicity in Ganoderma lucidum, which is used popularly as a complementary treatment for cancer therapy in traditional Chinese medicine. To investigate the possible interaction between chemotherapeutic agents and triterpenes extracted from G. lucidum, the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) combined with Ganoderma triterpenes (GTS) or lucidenic acid N (LCN), a purified compound, was examined in HeLa cells. The combinations targeting DOX with GTS or LCN resulted in a synergistic interaction in HeLa cells. Moreover, to identify the molecular targets of GTS, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis‐based comparative proteomics was carried out and proteins with altered expression levels after GTS treatment in HeLa cells were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. The results of our proteomic study indicated that the GTS treatment caused regulated expression of 14 proteins, which play important roles in cell proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that GTS could induce weak G0–G1 phase arrest and combined use of GTS with DOX could induce apoptosis in cells. Furthermore, GTS enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐producing effect of DOX, and a ROS scavenger could affect the synergism between GTS and DOX. In cells with high Ku80 protein expression, the synergism between GTS and DOX was also partly affected. Importantly, in cells with high Ku80 expression that were treated with a ROS scavenger, the synergism between GTS and DOX totally disappeared. These results suggest that the synergism between GTS and DOX might be based on GTS‐induced sensitization of cells to chemotherapeutics through enhanced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1461–1470)
Long‐term effects of heroin‐assisted treatment in Germany
Authors: Verthein Uwe , Bonorden‐Kleij Karin , Degkwitz Peter , Dilg Christoph , Köhler Wilfried K. , Passie Torsten , Soyka Michael , Tanger Sabine , Vogel Mario , Haasen Christian 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAims  Trials in Switzerland, the Netherlands and Spain have found that heroin‐assisted treatment (HAT) as maintenance treatment for opioid‐dependent patients reduces illicit drug use. A German trial also found diamorphine treatment to be superior to methadone treatment. The present study describes the association between 2 years of heroin treatment and improvements in health and social stabilization, as well as illicit drug use.Design  A prospective cohort study design.Participants  A total of 515 patients were assigned to diamorphine treatment; 278 patients remained in the study treatment for the entire period of 24 months (54.8%).Measurements  The results on physical (Opiate Treatment Index Health Symptoms Scale) and mental (Symptom Checklist 90–Revised Global Severity Index) health and illicit drug use (number of days with drug use within the last month—European Addiction Severity Index) were examined by repeated‐measures analyses.Findings  Symptoms of physical (Pillai's trace = 0.837, df = 4, P < 0.001) and mental health (Pillai's trace = 0.450, df = 4, P < 0.001) improved during treatment. Street heroin use declined rapidly (Pillai's trace = 0.836, df = 4, P < 0.001), as did cocaine use (Pillai's trace = 0.280, df = 4, P < 0.001).Conclusions  HAT is associated with improvements in mental and physical health in the long term.
Critical issues in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in methadone maintenance patients
Authors: Novick David M. , Kreek Mary Jeanne 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAims Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common chronic complication of injection drug use. Methadone maintenance programs contain large numbers of patients infected with HCV. This paper reviews HCV infection with emphasis on the medical care of HCV‐infected, or HCV and human immunodeficiency virus co‐infected, patients on methadone or buprenorphine maintenance.Methods Literature searches using PubMed, PsycINFO and SocINDEX were used to identify papers from 1990–present on antiviral therapy for HCV in methadone maintenance patients and on liver transplantation in methadone maintenance patients.Results Injection drug use is the most significant risk factor for HCV infection in most western countries. The prevalence of HCV antibody is high in injection drug users (53–96%) and in patients enrolled in methadone maintenance programs (67–96%). Studies of antiviral therapy for HCV in methadone maintenance patients show rates of sustained virological response (SVR), defined as negative HCV‐RNA 24 weeks after the end of treatment, of 28–94%. In studies with contrast groups, no significant differences in SVR between methadone and contrast groups were found. Excellent completion rates of antiviral therapy (72–100%) were found in five of six studies. There are many barriers to methadone maintenance patients' receiving antiviral therapy, and research on overcoming barriers is discussed. Liver transplantation has been successful in methadone maintenance patients but has not been utilized widely.Conclusion High quality medical care for all aspects of HCV infection can be provided to methadone maintenance patients. The literature supports the effectiveness of such services, but the reality is that most patients do not receive them.
Alcohol measurement methodology in epidemiology: recent advances and opportunities
Authors: Greenfield Thomas K. , Kerr William C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAim  To review and discuss measurement issues in survey assessment of alcohol consumption for epidemiological studies.Methods  The following areas are considered: implications of cognitive studies of question answering such as self‐referenced schemata of drinking, reference period and retrospective recall, as well as the assets and liabilities of types of current (e.g. food frequency, quantity–frequency, graduated frequencies and heavy drinking indicators) and life‐time drinking measures. Finally we consider units of measurement and improving measurement by detailing the ethanol content of drinks in natural settings.Results and conclusions  Cognitive studies suggest inherent limitations in the measurement enterprise, yet diary studies show promise of broadly validating methods that assess a range of drinking amounts per occasion; improvements in survey measures of drinking in the life course are indicated; attending in detail to on‐ and off‐premise drink pour sizes and ethanol concentrations of various beverages shows promise of narrowing the coverage gap plaguing survey alcohol measurement.