bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold Nanorod/Fe3O4 Nanoparticle “Nano‐Pearl‐Necklaces” for Simultaneous Targeting, Dual‐Mode Imaging, and Photothermal Ablation of Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Chungang , Chen Jiji , Talavage Tom , Irudayaraj Joseph 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGold and pearls: Multifunctional nanoparticles, each composed of a single, amine‐modified gold nanorod, decorated with multiple “pearls” of Fe3O4 nanoparticles capped with carboxy groups, are prepared. Their effectiveness in simultaneous targeting, dual‐mode imaging, and photothermal ablation of breast cancer cells is demonstrated.magnified image
Thiostannate Tin–Tin Bond Formation in Solution: In Situ Generation of the Mixed‐Valent, Functionalized Complex [{(RSnIV)2(μ‐S)2}3SnIII2S6]
Authors: Hassanzadeh Fard Zohreh , Müller Christian , Harmening Thomas , Pöttgen Rainer , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn broad daylight: The double‐decker thiostannate [(RSnIV)4S6] (1, R=CMe2CH2COMe) condenses to form [{(RSnIV)2(μ‐S)2}3SnIII2S6] (2; see picture). This mixed‐valent complex, which formally contains both SnIII and SnIV atoms as confirmed by Mössbauer spectroscopy and DFT calculations, forms by a complicated, concerted mechanism. Additionally, 2 provides six carbonyl groups for further derivatization.magnified image
Undulated Multicompartment Cylinders by the Controlled and Directed Stacking of Polymer Micelles with a Compartmentalized Corona
Authors: Fang Bing , Walther Andreas , Wolf Andrea , Xu Youyong , Yuan Jiayin , Müller Axel H. E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLike a bamboo rod: Long, bamboo‐like undulated cylinders with distinct branch points and end groups (see picture) were obtained by the stacking of block terpolymer micelles that contain a fluorinated polybutadiene core and a compartmentalized corona of poly(4‐tert‐butoxystyrene) and poly(tert‐butyl methacrylate). Stacking of the polymer micelles, which can be reversed, occurred when the solvent was changed from dioxane to ethanol.magnified image
Rational Construction of 2D and 3D Borromean Arrayed Organic Crystals by Hydrogen‐Bond‐Directed Self‐Assembly
Authors: Men Yong‐Biao , Sun Junliang , Huang Zhi‐Tang , Zheng Qi‐Yu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBorromean organic networks: The rigid and trigonal pyramidal molecule, 1,3,5‐tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)adamantane (TCA), self‐assembles into a 2D Borromean linked network by hydrogen bonds. Different linkers (methanol, phenazine, 4,4′‐bipyridine, and 4,4′‐azopyridine) result in more complex Borromean networks or a 3D polycatenation network.magnified image
Bismaleimide‐modified methyl‐di(phenylethynyl)silane blends and composites: Cure characteristics, thermal stability, and mechanical property
Authors: Zhou Quan , Ni LiZhong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReactive blends of organic‐inorganic hybrid monomer, methyl‐di(phenylethynyl)silane (MDPES) and a modified bismaleimide resin (BMI/DBA) have been prepared. The thermal and oxidative stabilities of MDPES‐BMI/DBA blends were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, derivative thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and flexural strength retention at 240°C. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study the surface morphology of MDPES‐BMI/DBA composite after thermal oxidative treatment. With the increase of concentration of BMI/DBA, flexural strength of composites increased from 78 to 331 MPa. The results showed that MDPES‐BMI/DBA blends exhibited excellent thermal and thermal oxidative properties, and the interface between MDPES and glass fiber was improved by the incorporation of BMI/DBA. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and properties of sulfonated poly(siloxane imide)s bearing dimethyl siloxane oligomers for fuel cell applications
Authors: Chen Xinbing , Chen Pei , Okamoto Ken‐Ichi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of sulfonated poly(siloxane imide)s (SPSIs) were synthesized from 4,4′‐ketone dinaphthalene 1,1′,8,8′‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (KDNTDA), a dimethyl siloxane oligomer‐based diamine, and a sulfonated diamine. The reduced viscosities ranged from 1.0 to 3.5 dL/g at 35°C in the triethylamine (TEA) salt form. The SPSIs showed anisotropic membrane swelling with larger swelling in thickness than in plane. They displayed reasonably high proton conductivity, thermal stability and good mechanical properties. The KDNTDA‐based SPSIs showed good solubility in common aprotic solvents not only in TEA salt form but also in proton form. The 1H‐NMR results indicated that the molar content of the dimethyl siloxane oligomer in the SPSIs was 50–80% of that in the feed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Using organic montormollontrite to reinforce the structure and flexural property of denture base nanocomposites
Authors: Li Zhi‐An , Liu Lijian , Xiao Qun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe denture bases nanocomposites were prepared by adding organic montormollontrite(OMMT) into poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix. The resulting composites were characterized by XRD, TEM, and ISTRON 3365 flexural strength testing systems. One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used to compare the difference in flexural strength and flexural modulus. The results showed the formation of exfoliated‐intercalated and intercalated denture base nanocmposite when the content of OMMT was 3 wt % and 5 wt % in the powder of denture base resin, respectively. The maximum ultimate flexural strength was observed in denture base nanocomposite containing 3 wt % of OMMT and flexural strength decreased with further increases of OMMT content. The flexural modulus of denture base nanocomposite increased continually with OMMT content increasing from 1 wt % to 10 wt %. Significant difference in both flexural strength and flexural modulus was observed between the nanocomposites with 3 wt % OMMT and controls (n = 5, P < 0.05). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Surface modification of polypropylene microporous membrane by grafting acrylic acid using physisorbed initiators method
Authors: Wang Hui , Yin Yanhong , Yang Shuting , Li Chengbin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSurface modification of microporous polypropylene (PP) membrane was performed by graft polymerization of acrylic acid using physisorbed initiators method. The factors effecting on the grafting degree such as monomer concentration, reaction temperature and initiator density were determined. The morphological and microstructure changes of the membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pure water contact angle, protein adsorbed amount, water flux, and antifouling property of the grafted membrane were investigated. The results indicated that the pore size and porosity of the grafted membrane were reduced and the static contact angle of pure water on the grafted membrane decreased from 108° to 40° with the increase of grafting degree. The amount of protein adsorbed on the grafted membrane decreased about 30% compared to the virgin polypropylene membrane when the grafting degree was 18.71%. Though the water flux reduced, the flux recovery of the grafted membrane increased 82.66% with the grafting degree 16.0%. The hydrophilic and antifouling property of the grafted membrane also were improved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Predicting the properties of needlepunched nonwovens using artificial neural network
Authors: Rawal Amit , Majumdar Abhijit , Anand Subhash , Shah Tahir 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNeedlepunching is a well‐known nonwoven process of converting fibrous webs into self‐locking or coherent structures using barbed needles. In this study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling technique has been used to predict the bulk density and tensile properties of needlepunched nonwoven structures by relating them with the main process parameters, namely, web area density, punch density, and depth of needle penetration. The simultaneous effect of more than one parameter on bulk density and tensile properties of needlepunched nonwoven structures have been investigated based upon the results of trained ANN models. A comparison is also made between the experimental and predicted values of fabric bulk density and tensile strength in the machine and crossmachine directions in unseen or test data sets. It has been inferred that the ANN models have achieved good level of generalization that is further ascertained by the acceptable level of mean absolute error obtained between predicted and experimental results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Expanded graphite–epoxy composites with high dielectric constant
Authors: Xie Yun‐Chuan , Yu De‐Mei , Min Chao , Guo Xiu‐Sheng , Wan Wei‐Tao , Zhang Jing , Liang Hong‐Lu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractComposites of an expanded graphite/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) were prepared by a simple melt blending method, and their dielectric and mechanical properties were investigated. During observations of fractured surfaces of the composites, the graphite sheets were seen to be homogeneously dispersed in the epoxy matrix. Moreover, the composites presented an enhanced dielectric constant (∼ 180) and a low loss factor (∼ 0.05) at 50 Hz, suggesting their potential suitability for embedded dielectric applications. The enhanced dielectric constant can be explained by the percolation theory and the relatively low loss factor was attributed to strong interfacial interactions between the polymer molecules and the OH/COOH groups of the expanded graphite, which constrained the orientational polarization of the polarons. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis of the composites showed a restricted macromolecular relaxation and improved mechanical properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and application of a silica nanocomposite filler using water glass and a resole‐type phenol resin
Authors: Matsuzawa Takashi , Mase Katsushi , Inoue Shin‐ichi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractComposite plastics in which silica was dispersed homogeneously were prepared from a resole‐type phenol resin and a silica‐sol using water glass. The silica (10–50 nm) was dispersed into resin particles of 2–20 μm in size. The powder that was obtained (nanocomposite filler) and a curing reagent were then mixed, and the resulting mixture was processed by using heat and pressure to yield plastics containing nanocomposite fillers. The coefficients of friction factor of the resulting plastics composites decreased by half and the amount of wear that they suffered decreased to just one tenth of that of the unfilled material, while their wear‐resistance was greatly improved. The new plastics displayed good sliding properties, while also maintaining good fluidity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and properties of homogeneously dispersed polyamide 6/MWNTs nanocomposites via simultaneous in situ anionic ring‐opening polymerization and compatibilization
Authors: Yan Dongguang , Yang Guisheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractToluene 2, 4‐diisocyanate (TDI) functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs‐NCO) were used to prepare monomer casting polyamide 6 (MCPA6)/MWNTs nanocomposites via in situ anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP). Isocyanate groups of MWNTs‐NCO could serve as AROP activators of ϵ‐caprolactam (CL) in the in situ polymerization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed that a graft copolymer of PA6 and MWNTs was formed in the in situ polymerization. MWNTs‐PA6 covalent bonds of the graft copolymer constituted a strong type of interfacial interaction in the nanocomposites and increased the compatibility of MWNTs and MCPA6 matrix. The nanocomposites were characterized for the morphology, mechanical, crystallization, and thermal properties through field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), tensile testing, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FETEM analysis showed that MWNTs were homogeneously dispersed in MCPA6 matrix. The initial tensile strengths and tensile modulus of the nanocomposite with 1.5 wt % loading of MWNTs were enhanced by about 16 and 13%, respectively, compared with the corresponding values for neat MCPA6. DSC analysis indicated that the crystallization temperature of the nanocomposites was increased by 8°C by adding 1.5 wt % MWNTs compared with pure MCPA6. Besides, it was found that the thermal stability of MCPA6 was improved by the addition of the MWNTs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Relationship of polymorphic crystalline phase texture to strain recovery and stiffness of a propylene‐based elastomer
Authors: Dias P. , Kazmierczak T. , Chang A. , Ansems P. , Van Dun J. , Hiltner A. , Baer E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA stretching process to enhance the stiffness of an elastomeric propylene‐ethylene copolymer through orientation was examined. The tensile extension was performed at various temperatures within the unusually broad melting range of the copolymer. Stretching transformed the unmelted lamellar crystals into shish‐kebab fibers that acted as a scaffold for an elastomeric matrix of entangled, amorphous chains. Density measurements indicated that the process did not significantly affect the amount of crystallinity, which was about 23%. If the specimen was recrystallized by cooling after it recovered from the stretched state, the amount of orientation decreased with increasing stretching temperature. However, if recrystallization occurred in the stretched state, it led to the formation of a second crystalline network that prevented contraction of the oriented crystalline structure during strain recovery. It was suggested that the second network was anchored by α′‐PP daughter lamellae that crystallized epitaxially on the α‐PP mother crystals of the extended fibrils. Although the manner in which the films were stretched and recrystallized strongly affected the modulus, good elasticity of the stretched films revealed the persistence of an elastomeric network. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A strategy‐based process for implementing knowledge management: An integrative view and empirical study
Authors: Wu Ing‐Long , Lin Han‐Chang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractKnowledge resource is unique and valuable for a link to competitive advantage based on the knowledge‐based perspective. Effective knowledge management is the major concern of contemporary business managers. The key determinant of effective knowledge management is the firm's competitive strategy. The link between business strategy and knowledge management, while often discussed, has been widely ignored in practice. Moreover, while knowledge management is complex in nature, it is difficult to directly translate a firm's competitive strategy into the specific knowledge management activities. This requires first defining knowledge strategy to guide further information technology (IT)‐supported implementation approaches. Finally, the ultimate goal of knowledge management lies in the realization of firm performance. Previous studies have just discussed partial relationship among these relevant knowledge concepts rather than in an integrative manner. Thus, this research proposes a complete process‐based model with four components: competitive strategy, knowledge strategy, implementation approach, and firm performance. Empirical results have shown positive relationships between any two consecutive components and useful insight for knowledge implementation practice.
Commonality of Web site visiting among countries
Authors: Huang Chun‐Yao , Chang Shin‐Shin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlthough the role the Internet plays in globalization has been widely discussed, relatively little is known about the extent to which users in different countries visit the same Web sites. Surprisingly, no prior research in the literature has empirically addressed this topic in a systematic way. Based on the theory of life in the round and related concepts of information behavior, this article reports an attempt to fill the gap by looking at how cultural, geodemographical, and economic factors underpin the extent which people from different countries visit the same Web sites. A commonality index to measure the commonality of Web site visiting for the macrolevel, cross‐country study is proposed for a large‐scale empirical study using online panel data that cover 101 countries. Results from the analyses indicate that as cyberspace is obviously fractured, Internet users in countries that share a common language, religion, and social norms, that have a similar level of economic development, and that are physically nearer to one another are more likely to visit the same Web sites. The relationship between individual‐level information behavior and macrolevel Internet traffic metrics is established; the former helps explain the latter whereas the latter enriches the former.
Are you an invited speaker? A bibliometric analysis of elite groups for scholarly events in bioinformatics
Authors: Jeong Senator , Lee Sungin , Kim Hong‐Gee 
Published: March 2009

AbstractParticipating in scholarly events (e.g., conferences, workshops, etc.) as an elite‐group member such as an organizing committee chair or member, program committee chair or member, session chair, invited speaker, or award winner is beneficial to a researcher's career development. The objective of this study is to investigate whether elite‐group membership for scholarly events is representative of scholars' prominence, and which elite group is the most prestigious. We collected data about 15 global (excluding regional) bioinformatics scholarly events held in 2007. We sampled (via stratified random sampling) participants from elite groups in each event. Then, bibliometric indicators (total citations and h index) of seven elite groups and a non‐elite group, consisting of authors who submitted at least one paper to an event but were not included in any elite group, were observed using the Scopus Citation Tracker. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to examine the differences among the eight groups. Multiple comparison tests (Dwass, Steel, Critchlow–Fligner) were conducted as follow‐up procedures. The experimental results reveal that scholars in an elite group have better performance in bibliometric indicators than do others. Among the elite groups, the invited speaker group has statistically significantly the best performance while the other elite‐group types are not significantly distinguishable. From this analysis, we confirm that elite‐group membership in scholarly events, at least in the field of bioinformatics, can be utilized as an alternative marker for a scholar's prominence, with invited speaker being the most important prominence indicator among the elite groups.
Language and reading abilities of children with autism spectrum disorders and specific language impairment and their first‐degree relatives
Authors: Lindgren Kristen A. , Folstein Susan E. , Tomblin J. Bruce , Tager‐Flusberg Helen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific language impairment (SLI) are developmental disorders exhibiting language deficits, but it is unclear whether they arise from similar etiologies. Language impairments have been described in family members of children with ASD and SLI, but few studies have quantified them. In this study, we examined IQ, language, and reading abilities of ASD and SLI children and their first‐degree relatives to address whether the language difficulties observed in some children with ASD are familial and to better understand the degree of overlap between these disorders and their broader phenotypes. Participants were 52 autistic children, 36 children with SLI, their siblings, and their parents. The ASD group was divided into those with (ALI, n=32) and without (ALN, n=20) language impairment. Relationships between ASD severity and language performance were also examined in the ASD probands. ALI and SLI probands performed similarly on most measures while ALN probands scored higher. ALN and ALI probands' language scores were not related to Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule algorithm scores. SLI relatives scored lowest on all measures, and while scores were not in the impaired range, relatives of ALI children scored lower than relatives of ALN children on some measures, though not those showing highest heritability in SLI. Given that ALI relatives performed better than SLI relatives across the language measures, the hypothesis that ALI and SLI families share similar genetic loading for language is not strongly supported.
Melatonin: Signaling mechanisms of a pleiotropic agent
Authors: Hardeland Rüdiger 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMelatonin acts both as a hormone of the pineal gland and as a local regulator molecule in various tissues. Quantities of total tissue melatonin exceed those released from the pineal. With regard to this dual role, to the orchestrating, systemic action on various target tissues, melatonin is highly pleiotropic. Numerous secondary effects result from the control of the circadian pacemaker and, in seasonal breeders, of the hypothalamic/pituitary hormonal axes. In mammals, various binding sites for melatonin have been identified, the membrane receptors MT1 and MT2, which are of utmost chronobiological importance, ROR and RZR isoforms as nuclear receptors from the retinoic acid receptor superfamily, quinone reductase 2, calmodulin, calreticulin, and mitochondrial binding sites. The G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) MT1 and MT2 are capable of parallel or alternate signaling via different Gα subforms, in particular, Gαi2/3 and Gαq, and via Gβγ, as well. Multiple signaling can lead to the activation of different cascades and/or ion channels. Melatonin frequently decreases cAMP, but also activates phospholipase C and protein kinase C, acts via the MAP kinase and PI3 kinase/Akt pathways, modulates large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ and voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels. MT1 and MT2 can form homo and heterodimers, and MT1 interacts with other proteins in the plasma membrane, such as an orphan GPCR, GPR50, and the PDZ domain scaffolding protein MUPP1, effects which negatively or positively influence signaling capacity. Cross‐talks between different signaling pathways, including influences of the membrane receptors on nuclear binding sites, are discussed. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
IL‐25: A key requirement for the regulation of type‐2 immunity
Authors: Barlow Jillian L. , McKenzie Andrew N. J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt has been well‐established that type‐2 immunity, characterized by eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus production, and B cell class switching to IgE, is highly dependent on the production of the type‐2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, and IL‐13, by T helper 2 (Th2) cells. However, it is less clear how the type‐2 cytokine effector response is induced and in addition what innate cell type produces the initiating factor. Recent reports highlight IL‐25 as a type‐2 inducing factor, with IL‐25 administration resulting in severe gut and lung type‐2 pathologies. The expression of IL‐25 is also necessary for initiation of a robust type‐2 response both at the genesis of the response, as with helminth infection, and during the response, as has been shown in experimental allergic asthma. It is also apparent that, as well as directly controlling type‐2 immunity via IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, IL‐25 may also interact with other cytokines and their receptors, such as IL‐17A and the IL‐17RA receptor. Here, we review the role of IL‐25 as an important factor in controlling the initiation and severity of the type‐2 response, and as an alternative therapeutic target to the type‐2 cytokine family, for the treatment of allergic asthma. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.