bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PATH
Authors: Bailey H. W. , Ross Alan S. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPath is, by origin, an Iranian word which was borrowed into Germanic, thence into Finnish. Besides its familiar meaning, it has also the meaning “valley”. This latter meaning is attested in Anglo‐Saxon (§1). in later Northern English and Scottish (§2), in East Swedish dialects (§3), and, possibly, in early Dutch place‐names (§4). In Finnish, though “path” is found in its familar sense, it is more generally used in a variety of idioms (§5). Morphologically, the Germanic forms of “path” are diverse (§6); the form with final ‐[d] (pad, etc.) found in English dialects, is, where it is not a Dutch loan‐word, due to the operation of Verner's Law (§7); there is the possibility of s‐flexion (§8); finally, a number of Germanic morphological types emerge (§9). The type papi‐ is attested in High German (§10), and English, and there it does not represent a borrowing from Scandinavian (§11). The possibility of original s‐flexion still remains (§12). The borrowing from Iranian lies within the period 300 B.C.‐A.D. 300 (§13). Two Iranian roots paθ‐seem to be relevant in the present discussion; as its basic meaning the first—which stands in ancient morphological alternation with pant—has “path, road” (§§14‐16), the second has “extended” (§17). The word‐groups (a) Ir paθ‐ “arow”, and (b) E find, etc., deserve mention here (§18). These last two items, as well as paθ‐ “extended”, may all be subsumed under one and the same Indoeuropean root (§19). Postulation of original s‐flexion for the Germanic word (of. §§8,11) is finally rejected and the correlation of the Iranian and Germanic types follows without difficulty (§20).
GOTHIC ‐(u)h: A SYNCHRONIC AND COMPARATIVE STUDY1
Authors: Klein Jared S. , Condon Nancy L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the entire range of constructions in which the Gothic particle ‐(u)h occurs, demonstrating that its primary employment is within anaphoric (coreferential and iterative) sequential structures as a discourse resumptive particle. As such, it is directly comparable to Homeric Greek aũ and Vedic Sanskrit u. This in turn substantiates Brugmann's derivation of ‐(u)h from *u kwe, a collocation that occurs elsewhere in Indo‐European as well. It also places in a new light the status of the Gothic sah/panuh pronoun, which represents a univerbation of Proto‐Indo‐European (PIE) *só/tó‐u kwe comparable to Vedic Sanskrit nonuniverbated sá u/tám u and Homeric Greek tòn (d') aũ, etc., with PIE *(a)w in its normal anaphoric/resumptive value.
FROM EMPATHETIC DEIXIS TO EMPATHETIC NARRATIVE: STYLISATION AND (DE‐)SUBJECTIVISATION AS PROCESSES OF LANGUAGE CHANGE
Authors: ADAMSON SYLVIA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn this paper I try to relate a problem in the history of literary style to wider issues in the theory of language change. The stylistic question I address concerns the historical origin of empathetic narrative (Bally's style indirect libre). I contest the standard account, which associates its first appearance with the nineteenth‐century novel, and argue instead for a linguistic origin in the everyday use of shifted (empathetic) deictics and for a historical origin in the emergence of modern subjectivity in seventeenth‐century epistemology. I propose a quantificational method for comparing the incidence of empathetic narrative in texts and a theory of stylisation to account for its progressive development across a historical corpus. The paper's interest to non‐literary readers lies, on the level of data, in the evidence it presents of the use of tense‐adverb combinations as an exponent of aspect and, on the level of theory, in its challenge to Traugott's account of the role of subjectivisation in language change.
Investigation into the Ability of SNP Chipsets and Microsatellites to Detect Association with a Disease Locus
Authors: Curtis D. , Vine A. E. , Knight J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe wished to investigate the ability of different SNP chipsets to detect association with a disease and to investigate the linkage disequilibrium (LD) relationships between microsatellites and nearby SNPs in order to assess their potential usefulness to detect association.SNP genotypes were obtained from HapMap and microsatellite genotypes from CEPH. 5000 SNPs were simulated as disease genes which increased penetrance from 0.01 to 0.02 in a sample of 400 cases and 400 controls. The power of flanking SNPs to detect association was tested using sets of 1, 2, 3 or 4 markers analysed with haplotype analysis or logistic regression and using either all HapMap markers or those from the Affymetrix 500K, Illumina 300K or Illumina 550K chipsets. Additionally, LD relationships between 10 microsatellites and SNPs within 2Mb of each other were studied.The power for one of the markers to detect association at p = 0.001 was around 0.4. Power was slightly better for logistic regression than haplotype analysis and for two‐marker as opposed to single marker analysis but analysing with larger numbers markers had little benefit. The Illumina 550K marker set was better able to detect association than the other two and was almost as powerful as using all HapMap markers. Microsatellites had detectable LD with only a small number of nearby SNPs and the pattern of LD was very variable.Available chipsets have quite good ability to detect association although obviously results will be critically dependent on the nature of the genetic effect on risk, sample size and the actual LD relationships of the susceptibility polymorphisms involved. Microsatellites seem ill‐suited for systematic studies to detect association.
Lipid imaging of human skeletal muscle using TOF‐SIMS with bismuth cluster ion as a primary ion source
Authors: Magnusson Ylva , Friberg Peter , Sjövall Peter , Dangardt Frida , Malmberg Per , Chen Yun 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIntramyocellular lipids are of importance in lipid‐related diseases. The techniques in this field are limited because of a lack of adequate tools for localization of various lipids. The most usual methods for the localization of lipid distribution in the skeletal muscle are histochemistry and fluorescence probes. Different chromatography methods and mass spectrometry techniques have also been used for lipid identification. Our aim was to localize the spatial distribution of lipids in their native forms by using static time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS). Human percutaneous skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from the middle part of the lateral vastus muscle in the right leg of healthy adolescents with a body mass index >30. Samples were prepared by high‐pressure freezing, freeze‐fracturing and freeze‐drying, and analysed by imaging TOF‐SIMS equipped with a Bi3+ cluster ion gun. In the positive spectra, we identified phosphocholine, cholesterol, diacylglycerol, phospholipids and triacylglycerol. Phosphocholine was localized to the edge of the fibre, representing the sarcoplasma or endomysium. Weak cholesterol signals were observed in the intracellular areas. High diacylglycerol and low triacylglycerol signal intensities were seen in intracellular spaces of the transversal area of the muscle fibre. In the negative spectra, we identified fatty acids. We observed co‐localization of fatty acids and diacylglycerol, which may indicate lipid‐storing parts of the skeletal muscle. Thus, TOF‐SIMS imaging can be used to depict the heterogeneous localization of lipids in human skeletal muscle.
The Effects of EU Formula Apportionment on Corporate Tax Revenues*
Authors: Devereux Michael P. , Loretz Simon 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe European Commission proposes to replace the current system of taxing corporate income using separate accounting by a two‐step ‘consolidation and apportionment’ procedure. This paper uses a large set of unconsolidated firm‐level data to assess the likely impact on corporate tax revenues in each member state. Taking pre‐tax profit as given, overall tax revenues would be likely to drop by 2.5 per cent if companies could choose whether to participate. By contrast, if they were forced to participate, total tax revenues would be likely to increase by more than 2 per cent, leaving some European countries ‐ most notably, Spain, Sweden and the UK ‐ better off. We investigate how sensitive these results are to the apportionment factors used.
A New Method for Rapid Measurement of Lactate in Fetal and Neonatal Blood
Authors: Pennell Craig E. , Tracy Mark B. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA prospective trial to determine the accuracy and precision of the Boehringer Mannheim Accusport® handheld lactate meter in measuring plasma lactate levels in umbilical cord blood and neonatal blood microsamples was performed in the labour ward and the neonatal intensive care unit of the Nepean Hospital. Specimens were collected from the umbilical artery of 160 consecutive deliveries covering gestations from 26 to 42 weeks, and from 110 umbilical artery catheters covering a range of gestations from 26 to 41 weeks. Serum was also obtained from an exchange transfusion for coefficient of variation analysis. Blood was simultaneously tested for lactic acid concentration on the Boehringer Mannheim (BM) Accusport® held lactate meter and the Radiometer ABL 625° blood‐gas machine. Clinical data from the mother and baby were recorded together with the full blood‐gas analysis for comparison with the lactate measures. Coefficients of variation for the BM Accusport® lactate meter were established by a further 120 samples of plasma lactate at 6 concentrations from 1 to 20 mmol/L. The stability of measurements with the BM lactate meter over a wide range of temperatures was ascertained by repeated sampling of known concentrations of plasma lactate from 0.5°C to 37°C. The BM Accusport® lactate meter was found to be accurate from 1 mmol/L to 20 mmol/L with a Passing Bablok regression line y = 0.004 + 0.915 ± (95% CI of slope of 0.889 to 0.946 and intercept‐0.138 to 0.094) for whole blood, and y = 0.200 + 1.000 ± (95% CI of slope 0.989 to 1.018 and intercept 0.080 to 0.222) for plasma. Between run coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated to be 1.23% to 5.53% over the clinically significant range (2.2–19.3 mmol/L). The BM lactate meter was accurate from 5 to 37°C. At 0.5°C the BM lactate meter significantly underestimated the plasma lactate concentration. There was no significant effect of haematocrit (41.5 to 62%), gestation, or operator on the accuracy of the BM lactate meter. The Accusport® handheld lactate meter is an accurate, commercially available, method of measuring plasma lactate levels in only 60 seconds at the point‐of‐care. It requires only 15μL of blood and is significantly cheaper than other assay methods. The BM lactate meter is well suited to assess lactic acidaemia of fetal scalp and neonatal blood samples to help quantify hypoxic stress in the perinatal period.
An Unusual Presentation of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Authors: Suri Vanita , Dhaliwal Lakhbir , Gupta Indu , Khera Kamla , Rajwanshi Arwind 
Published: March 2008

Summary: This seems to be a case of a woman with a metastatic invasive mole presenting with a haemoperitoneum 3 weeks after termination of a first trimester pregnancy. We accepted this case for publication to remind readers of the wide range of presentations of gestational trophoblastic disease (hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma). This case report is brief but it seemed to the reviewer that the bleeding could have arisen from a superficial metastasis rather than uterine rupture from an invasive mole extending from deeper within the uterus. The success of the suture in controlling the bleeding suggests the former possibility to be more likely. The moral of this case is when in diagnostic doubt in gynaecology, arrange for urinary or plasma HCG assay although in the case reported the acute presentation made laparotomy mandatory.
Host range ofAsobara japonica(Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval parasitoid of drosophilid flies
Authors: IDEO Shinsuke , WATADA Masayoshi , MITSUI Hideyuki , KIMURA Masahito T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe studied the host range ofAsobara japonica, a larval‐pupal parasitoid of drosophilid flies. Habitat selection was found to be an important determinant of host range in this parasitoid; it attacked drosophilid larvae breeding on banana and mushrooms, but seldom attacked those breeding on decayed leaves. This parasitoid was able to use diverse drosophilid taxa as hosts. Attack byA. japonicasometimes killed hosts at the larval stage, and therefore parasitoid larvae also died.Drosophila elegansandD. busckiisuffered particularly high larval mortality due to the attack byA. japonica(in the latter species only when young larvae were attacked). Many individuals ofD. subpulchrellaalso died at the pupal stage without producing parasitoids when they were parasitized at the late larval stage. In contrast,D. bipectinata,D. ficusphila,D. immigrans,D. formosanaandD. albomicanswere resistant to attack: large proportions of the larvae of these drosophilid species grew to adulthood, even in the presence of parasitoids. On the basis of phylogenetic information, we concluded that phylogenetic position has only limited importance as a factor determining whether a species is suitable as a host forA. japonica, at least within the genusDrosophila.
Seasonal changes in the reproductive and life‐history traits of Chrysomela populi L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: GOMI Tadashi , KIMURA Tomonori , HIROSE Shunpei 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSeasonal changes in the reproductive and life‐history traits of Chrysomela populi L. were investigated in Shobara (34°52′N, 133°01′E), Japan, in 2004 and 2005. Larvae were hatched and reared under natural photoperiod and temperature in 8 different periods between late April and early September in 2004. The incidence of adult diapause increased with progression of the season in 2004. The critical timing of diapause induction, as defined by 50% of females entering diapause, was estimated to occur between late July and early August. No effects of season on the survival rate from hatching to adult emergence, percentage ovipositing females and percentage females that deposited viable eggs were clearly detected. Adult weight at emergence fluctuated seasonally, which was probably caused by air temperature. No effect of season on the oviposition period was observed among females that averted diapause. Females that entered diapause in 2004 started oviposition from the first day of May in 2005. Reproductive output was significantly greater in diapause females than in non‐diapause females. This increase in the reproductive output of diapause females was caused by elongation of the oviposition period and consequently by enlargement of the number of egg clutches deposited. These results suggest that the seasonal timing of diapause induction in females of C. populi would be affected by various risks and benefits to reproduction and survival.
Demography of the Okinawan eusocial waspRopalidia fasciata(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) II. Effects of foundress group size on survival rates of colonies and foundresses, and production of progeny
Authors: ITÔ Yosiaki , ITIOKA Takao 
Published: March 2008

AbstractUsing demography data for the primitively eusocial waspRopalidia fasciatacollected at 10 survey stations over 5 years, the effects of foundress group size (FGS) on colony survival rate and production of progeny were examined. The distribution pattern for the frequency of nests established by different numbers of foundresses fit a 0‐truncated negative binomial distribution. The rate of nest failure up to the beginning of June decreased with FGS, and colony survival rate up to June and September increased with FGS. Although there were large variations among stations and years, the survival rate of colonies established by a single foundress (haplometrotic colonies) was significantly lower than that of colonies established by two or more foundresses (pleometrotic colonies). The number of new adults that emerged per colony up to the end of July increased with FGS, but there was no significant correlation between number of new adults per foundress and FGS. The number of potential foundresses produced per colony tended to increase with FGS, but there was no significant difference among the values produced per foundress for the three FGS categories. The percentage parasitism by an ichneumon parasitoid,Arthula formosana, tended to be higher in colonies established by a small number of foundresses. The relation between FGS and the productivity of the new foundresses was not statistically significant, suggesting that independent founding may be a better strategy for future subordinate foundresses. However, the long colony life span (mean 100 days, maximum 240 days) as compared with the shorter life span of foundresses (40 or 50 days) may be a good condition for the coexistence of many egg‐layers in a colony.
Reviews: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications of Microbubbles during Hemodialysis
Authors: Barak Michal , Nakhoul Farid , Katz Yeshayahu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMicrobubbles have been detected in the human circulation of end‐stage renal disease patients who are treated by hemodialysis throughout the past decade as a result of advanced ultrasound and Doppler technology. These detection tools uncovered signals of microbubbles, which originate in extracorporeal lines and tubing of hemodialysis machine, circulate in the blood stream until lodging in the capillary bed of various organs, mainly the lungs. During its course within the capillary, a bubble abrades the glycocalyx layer lining the surface of the vessels and thereafter obstructs blood flow through the capillary. This causes tissue ischemia, inflammatory response, and complement activation. Aggregation of platelets and clot formation occurs as well, leading to further obstruction of the microcirculation and subsequent tissue damage. In this review, we describe the biological and clinical effects of microbubbles during hemodialysis and discuss management with regard to prevention and treatment.
Small‐molecule complement inhibitors cannot prevent the development of the platelet storage lesion
Authors: Bradley Amanda J. , Read Brandi L. , Levin Elena , Devine Dana V. 
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: Suppression of the platelet (PLT) storage lesion would maintain PLT quality over longer storage times. An increased storage period would greatly improve the ability of blood agencies and hospitals to manage PLT inventories and minimize product wastage. Activation of the complement system has been proposed to play a role in initiating or potentiating the PLT storage lesion. This study examines the effect of complement inhibition on the development of the PLT storage lesion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Leukofiltered PLT concentrates (PCs) were split into miniunits containing the complement inhibitors N‐acetylaspartylglutamic acid (NAAGA) or compstatin, a control peptide, or saline. Samples were collected up to Day 11 of storage. Complement activation was monitored as C3a generation. PLT quality was assessed by morphology, CD62 and CD63 expression, fibrinogen binding, pH, mean PLT volume, annexin V binding, and PLT viability. Caspase‐3 activity served as a measure of PLT apoptosis.RESULTS: At concentrations of NAAGA required to achieve approximately 50 percent complement inhibition, PLT activation, and caspase‐3 activity were increased. Complement inhibition by compstatin was highly variable. Compstatin addition consistently resulted in a 37 to 55 percent inhibition of PLT caspase‐3 activity, but PLT quality and viability were no different between compstatin PCs and control PCs over the storage time.CONCLUSIONS: Neither NAAGA nor compstatin provided complete inhibition of complement over the storage period. Addition of these small‐peptide inhibitors to PCs did not slow PLT storage lesion development, in spite of the partial inhibition of caspase‐3 activity in the compstatin‐treated PCs.
The quality of platelet concentrates produced by COBE Spectra and Trima Accel cell separators during storage for 7 days as assessed by in vitro methods
Authors: Tynngård Nahreen , Lindahl Tomas L. , Trinks Marie , Studer Monika , Berlin Gösta 
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: The quality of platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs) can be evaluated with various in vitro methods. A new technique, free oscillation rheometry (FOR), can be used to monitor coagulation properties of PCs and gives information on clotting time and coagulum elasticity. This study compared the quality of apheresis PCs produced by the COBE Spectra and Trima Accel cell separators (both Gambro BCT) during storage for 7 days with in vitro tests including FOR.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Apheresis PCs were collected with the COBE Spectra (n = 10) and Trima Accel (n = 10) cell separators. Swirling, blood gases, and metabolic variables were analyzed on Day 0. Samples taken on Days 1, 5, and 7 were also analyzed for hypotonic shock response (HSR), P‐selectin, and glycoprotein (GP)Ib expression and evaluation of coagulation by FOR.RESULTS: Swirling, HSR, and percent GPIb‐expressing PLTs were well maintained for 7 days, whereas glucose decreased and lactate increased significantly during storage for both Spectra and Trima PCs. Percent P‐selectin–expressing cells increased to the same extent in both types of PCs during storage. pH increased between Day 0 and Day 1 but then decreased. The clotting time remained constant throughout the storage period whereas the development of elasticity was reduced on Days 5 and 7 compared to Day 1 (p < 0.05) for both types of PCs.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the PLT quality after storage for 7 days is well preserved, although activation of PLTs occurs during storage as assessed by in vitro tests. No difference in PLT quality was observed between Spectra‐ and Trima‐produced PCs.
Patient and product factors affecting platelet transfusion results
Authors: Heim Dominik , Passweg Jakob , Gregor Michael , Buser Andreas , Theocharides Alexander , Arber Caroline , Meyer‐Monard Sandrine , Halter Jörg , Tichelli Andre , Gratwohl Alois 
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: Providing patients with platelet (PLT) transfusions requires important logistic resources and represents a considerable cost factor. Optimizing PLT transfusions is in the interest of not only patient safety but also economic importance. Only few studies have evaluated factors associated with transfusion results.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a prospective single‐center study, 9923 mainly prophylactic PLT transfusions given to 672 patients treated for hematologic malignancies between 1997 and 2004 were investigated. Patient and product factors were analyzed. Transfusion efficacy was measured by the corrected count increment (CCI), and side effects were recorded.RESULTS: The mean CCI of all transfusions was 14.05 (standard deviation, 9.5). The CCI correlates with the transfusion interval. PLT transfusions that resulted in a transfusion interval of 1 day or less had significantly lower CCI of 11.3 than transfusions that resulted in a transfusion interval of 2 days or more (15.57). Allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients had a significantly lower transfusion efficacy (CCI mean, 13.3) whereas patients treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) had better CCIs (17.2) compared to patients who were treated with chemotherapy only. Longer PLT storage time and ABO mismatch had a negative impact on transfusion efficacy. PLTs stored in PLT additive storage solution were less effective than PLTs stored in their own autologous plasma.CONCLUSION: Manipulation of PLT products may result in lower transfusion efficacy as illustrated by the introduction of PLT additive storage solution in this report. The higher number of products used per patient may negatively impact on advantages gained by the transfusion of “safer” PLT products.