bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inexpensive digital data acquisition for morphometric study
Authors: Molvray Mia , Kores Paul J. , Darwin Steven P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMolvray, M., Kores, P. J. & Darwin, S. P.: Inexpensive digital data acquisition for morphometric study. — Taxon 42: 393–397. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262.Three programs for digital (i.e. not requiring RGB video input) image analysis on IBM‐PC compatible computers, and one on Macintosh computers, are discussed with regard to their use in morphometric applications. Measurement‐TV provides a least‐cost solution for IBM compatibles, though with reduced capabilities compared to other programs. The Image family of public domain programs provide excellent capabilities on high‐end Macintoshes.
“SUMMUM JUS, SUMMA INJURIA”
Authors: Favarger C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRegarding two recent examples of “substitution” of authors' names in Flora of Turkey (Vol. 10 supplement 1988), the author discusses Art. 9.1 of the Code of Botanical Nomenclature which states that the holotype be represented by a single specimen except for herbaceous plants of “small size.” He proposes that an exception be extended to all holotypes collected in a state which does not permit sure identification. In such cases, the incompletely collected sample could be completed by a second sample obtained from the first one by culture.
Recircumscription of the Stapelieae (Asclepiadaceae)
Authors: Bruyns P. V. , Forster Paul I. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBruyns, P. V. & Forster, P. I.: Recircumscription of the Stapelieae (Asclepiadaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 381–391. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The tribe Stapelieae (Asclepiadaceae) is recircumscribed to include the Ceropegieae. The Stapelieae are distinguished from other tribes in the Asclepiadoideae primarily by the inner or apical germinating mouth on each pollinium. A tribal description and a tentative list of genera for the Stapelieae is given and a key to the tribes and subfamilies of Asclepiadaceae is provided.
Chloroplast DNA and biosystematics: The effects of intraspecific diversity and plastid transmission
Authors: Harris Stephen A. , Ingram Ruth 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHarris, S. A. & Ingram, R.: Chloroplast DNA and biosystematics: The effects of intraspecific diversity and plastid transmission. ‐ Taxon 40: 393–412. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The widespread application of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) to plant biosystematics is usually based on a number of assumptions. The assumption of low levels of intraspecific cpDNA variation is reviewed and the conclusion reached that far from being rare, intraspecific cpDNA variation is relatively common. The evidence for the assumption of predominantly maternal plastid transmission is also reviewed. In both of the cases some of the possible effects on phylogenetic reconstruction are considered.
Burlemarxia, a new genus of Velloziaceae
Authors: de Menezes Nanuza Luiza , Semir João 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMenezes, N. L. de & Semir, J.: Burlemarxia, a new genus of Velloziaceae. ‐ Taxon 40: 413–426. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.A new genus of Velloziaceae is established comprising three species. Two are newly described, Burlemarxia rodriguesii and B. pungens, while the third, B. spiralis, had previously been assigned to Barbacenia. Taxonomic descriptions of all three species are provided, together with a key for identification. The relationships between Burlemarxia and the other three genera of subfamily Barbacenioideae are discussed.
Lectotypification of Sebdenia flabellata (J. Agardh) Parkinson (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Schneider C. W. , Wynne M. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySchneider, C. W. & Wynne, M. J.: Lectotypification of Sebdenia flabellata (J. Agardh) Parkinson (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). ‐ Taxon 40: 471–474. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Type material of Isymenia flabellata J. Agardh was examined and determined to conform to Sebdenia. The transfer of this taxon to Sebdenia by Parkinson is supported. Sebdenia flabellata (J. Agardh) Parkinson is regarded to be the correct name for a red algal species that includes Sebdenia polydactyla (B⊘rgesen) Balakrishnan. Its taxonomic separation from the superficially similar Halymenia trigona (Clemente) C. Agardh is confirmed.
Neotypification of Curatella americana L. (Dilleniaceae)
Authors: Todzia Carol A. , Barrie Fred R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTodzia, C. A. & Barrie, F. R.: Neotypification of Curatella americana L. (Dilleniaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 488–489. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Since no original material of Curatella americana L. appears to have survived, the original Loefling collections being presumed lost, a neotype from near the region in which Loefling collected is designated. [Ass. Ed.'s abstract.]
Report of the Committee for Fossil Plants: 1
Authors: Traverse Alfred 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTraverse, A.: Report of the Committee for Fossil Plants: 1. – Taxon 42: 869‐872. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The Committee recommends acceptance of two of three proposals to conserve generic names of fossil plants. It also comments on proposals to amend the Code that affect the nomenclature of fossil plants.
Conserved names for mosses: a brief history
Authors: Magill Robert E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMagill, R. E.: Conserved names for mosses: a brief history. ‐ Taxon 42: 5‐15. 1993. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The lists of ‘nomina conservanda’ of mosses currently contain names of 52 genera and 6 families. Included as an appendix to the International code of botanical nomenclature, the lists do not contain references to the original proposals or the Bryophyte Committee's deliberations. In the context of a historical overview of the subject, such references are here provided, since information included in past conservation proposals and Bryophyte Committee reports may be critical to the interpretation of previous proposals and the formulation of successful new ones.
Ontogeny, phylogeny and intraspecific variation in North American Abies Mill. (Pinaceae): an empirical approach to organization and evolution
Authors: Robson Kathleen A. , Maze Jack , Scagel Robert K. , Banerjee Satindranath 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRobson, K. A., Maze, J., Scagel, R. K. & Banerjee, S.: Ontogeny, phylogeny and intraspecific variation in North American Abies Mill. (Pinaceae): an empirical approach to organization and evolution. ‐Taxon 42:17‐34. 1993. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.In view of the relevance of hierarchical organization and historical constrain for evolutionary theory, and of the lack of a suitable methodology to study these phenomena, attempts to simultaneously examine the ontogeny and phylogeny of a monophyletic group are thought to be promising. As an example, a multi‐level study of the genus Abies is presented. First, the phylogenetic relationships for a subset of North American species of Abies are tentatively clarified through a cladistic study using data from existing treatments and combined outgroups. Second, intraspecific variation is analysed for most of the same fir species from continuous variables describing vegetative structures (from both immature and mature trees) and features of the cones. The results are presented in graphical form, allowing patterns of variable inter‐correlations and their changes through ontogenetic time to be compared with phylogenetic patterns. The potential of such quantitative studies for the description of biological organization and further understanding of evolutionary phenomena is discussed in the light of recent theories of evolution.
Editorial corrections to the entries for Agarum, nom. cons. (Phaeophyceae) and Zygnema, nom. cons. (Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Silva Paul C. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySilva, P. C.: Editorial corrections to the entries for Agarum, nom. cons. (Phaeophyceae) and Zygnema, nom. cons. (Chlorophyceae). ‐ Taxon 42: 123‐124 1993. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The entries for Agarum and Zygnema in Appendix IIIA of the Code are to be corrected to show their earlier authors, places and dates of valid publication.
TAXONOMIC STATUS OF EURHYNCHIUM BRITTONIAE GROUT (BRACHYTHECIACEAE: BRYOPSIDA)
Authors: Giles K. Stacy 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEurhynchium brittoniae Grout is a rare moss endemic to western North America. The reassignment of this and other closely related species of Eurhynchium to the genus Kindbergia is a matter of controversy among bryologists. An investigation of these species has been undertaken to resolve this controversy. This paper resolves two taxonomic problems with respect to E. brittoniae. First, it elucidates an error in the protologue of this species that has been a source of confusion regarding its typification. Second, it reexamines morphological characters that historically have been relied upon to distinguish E. brittoniae from closely related species and evaluates their taxonomic value. The outcome of this paper is a lectotypification of E. brittoniae and the reassignment of this species as a synonym of Kindbergia praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra.
Lectotypification of Cimicifuga simplex (Ranunculaceae) and some synonyms
Authors: Compton James A. , Jury Stephen L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCompton, J. A. & Jury, S. L.: Lectotypification of Cimicifuga simplex (Ranunculaceae) and some synonyms. – Taxon 44: 401‐404. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Cimicifuga simplex (DC.) Wormsk. ex Turcz. is the correct author citation. Lectotypification on a sheet of Wormskjöld's original material at Oslo supersedes an earlier neotypification. Lectotypes are also designated for three synonyms of C. simplex: C. foetida var. intermedia Regel, C. ussuriensis Oett. and C. taquetii H. Lév.
Silene (Caryophyllaceae) in Greece: a subgeneric and sectional classification
Authors: Greuter Werner 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGreuter, W.: Silene (Caryophyllaceae) in Greece: a subgeneric and sectional classification. – Taxon 44: 543‐581. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Of a world total of C. 700 species of Silene, here widely defined to include Lychnis, Cucubalus, and other generic splits recognized by some authors, 119 are known to be present in Greece. They are grouped in 4 subgenera and 39 sections (some of them new). The sections are keyed out and briefly characterized (mainly on the basis of Greek taxa), and their correct nomenclature is established on the basis of full synonymies and type designations. In many cases the sectional limits remain provisional, and corresponding problems are highlighted. Phylogenetic patterns within the genus, here briefly discussed, are still largely unclear due to frequent character reversals and parallelism.
A re‐examination of Sanango racemosum. 4. Its new systematic position in Gesneriaceae
Authors: Wiehler Hans 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWiehler, H.: A re‐examination of Sanango racemosum. 4. Its new systematic position in Gesneriaceae. – Taxon 43: 625‐632. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The investigations of a research team show clearly that Sanango racemosum is a member of the Gesneriaceae. Special emphasis is placed on the following features found in this odd species: the woody habit, the stornata grouped into “islands”, the node with split‐laterals, the solid siphonostele of the petiole, the pair‐flowered cymes of the terminal inflorescence, the semi‐inferior ovary position, the (axile)‐parietal placentation, the oddly shaped nectary, and the presence of the chemical compounds conandroside and sanangoside. All of these are features found in the Gesneriaceae, and most of them are unknown in the rest of the Tubiflorae or Scrophulariales. Sanango may not look like a typical gesneriad at first glance, but it fits best into the Caribbean tribe Gesnerieae, as a companion for the genus Gesneria L. sensu lato.
Lectotypification of Triticum turgidum and T. spelta (Poaceae)
Authors: Morrison Laura A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMorrison, L. A.: Lectotypification of Triticum turgidum and T. spelta (Poaceae). – Taxon 47: 705‐710. 1998. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The protologues of Triticum turgidum L. and T. spelta L. each show uncertainty in the Linnaean concept of Triticum species but pose different problems for typification. In the case of T. turgidum, Bowden's lectotypification by the specimen Herb. Linn. No. 104.2 (LINN), designated apparently on the basis of its Linnaean notation “turgidum 3”, is in error. Both elements on that sheet are forms of T. aestivum and neither can be accepted as being part of the original material for T. turgidum. The various elements of the protologue are discussed and a Royen specimen is designated as lectotype of T. turgidum, thereby avoiding a major destabilization of Triticum nomenclature. For T. spelta, the original Linnaean concept includes T. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübler. Current usage of T. spelta is maintained by designating a Linnaean specimen of T. spelta at LINN as the lectotype.
Identity and typification of Allium magicum, A. nigrum, and A. roseum (Alliaceae)
Authors: Seisums Arnis 
Published: April 2006

SummarySeisums, A.: Identity and typification of Allium magicum, A. nigrum, and A. roseum (Alliaceae). – Taxon 47: 711‐716. 1997. – ISSN 0400‐0262.The original concept of Allium magicum L. and A. nigrum L. is discussed, a lectotype for A. magicum is designated, and an earlier type designation of A. nigrum is rejected. Without conservation, A. magicum would become the correct name for what is currently called A. nigrum, while A. nigrum would fall into the synonymy of A. roseum L. The nomenclatural history of A. roseum is discussed and an earlier lectotypification is superseded.
The International Organization for Succulent Plant Study (IOS): its role and potential services to the international scientific community
Authors: Smith G. F. , Ihlenfeldt H.‐D. , Thiede J. , Eggli U. , Metzing D. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySmith, G. F., Ihlenfeldt, H.‐D., Thiede, J., Eggli, U. & Metzing, D.: The International Organization for Succulent Plant Study (IOS): its role and potential services to the international scientific community. – Taxon 48: 715‐720. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.IOS, a scientific member of the International Union of Biological Sciences, was officially established at the Städtische Sukkulenten‐Sammlung in Zürich, Switzerland, in 1950. The IOS is presented, with emphasis on the structure of the organisation, its congresses, publications, conservation activities, and its potential services to the international scientific community. An address list of the current IOS board members and section co‐ordinators is provided.
The chemotaxonomic value of two cinnamoyl chromones, aloeresin E and F, inAloe (Aloaceae)
Authors: Viljoen Alvaro M. , Van Wyk Ben‐Erik 
Published: April 2006

SummaryViljoen, A. M. & Van Wyk, B.‐E.: The chemotaxonomic value of two cinnamoyl chromones, aloeresins E and F, inAloe (Aloaceae). ‐‐ Taxon 48: 747‐754. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.A chemotaxonomic study of the genusAloeindicates a remarkable quantitative and qualitative similarity in leaf exudate composition between 12 species. The diagnostic leaf exudate profile found in all representatives of this group – a combination of homonataloin A and B with either or both of two recently described cinnamoyl chromones, aloeresin E and F, together with various coumaroyl chromones – may serve as a “fingerprint”. Taxonomic assessment and cladistic analysis of both morphological and chemical data support the transfer ofA. pearsonii,previously misplaced inA.ser.Macrifoliae,toA.ser.Mitriformes,and are consistent with the broadening of the circumscription of the latter to include 5 anomalous species:A. angelica, A. yavellana, A. peglerae, A. melanacantha,andA. erinacea.
Strongest evidence in compatibility: clique and tree evaluation using apparent phylogenetic signal
Authors: Salisbury Benjamin A. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySalisbury, B. A.: Strongest evidence in compatibility: clique and tree evaluation using apparent phylogenetic signal. – Taxon 48: 755‐766. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Strongest evidence (SE) is an approach to evaluating the support provided by characters for alternative phylogenetic hypotheses (i.e., trees). Although first demonstrated in the context of parsimony, SE is equally applicable to compatibility analysis. In the logic of strongest evidence, a character that is compatible with a phylogenetic hypothesis supports the tree only to the degree at which this compatibility would be improbable under a model of cladistic dissociation between character state distribution and the tree. The support measure derived from this consideration is called the “apparent phylogenetic signal” (APS). The total support for a tree is the sum of the individual character APS values. Tree topology and character structure both affect the chance of “random” compatibility and thus the APS scores. Because a clique of compatible characters implies a specific tree (possibly more than one if the character states are unordered or there are missing data), the evidential strength of a clique may be measured as the SE support for the clique's tree by the clique's characters. Use of this measure is demonstrated on a morphological data set for North American species of Chloris (Poaceae). Cliques with the same number of characters vary tremendously in their apparent evidential quality. The strongest clique is nearly 100,000 times less likely to be compatible by chance with the tree it implies than is the weakest clique of the same size. This approach to clique evaluation is compared with character counting and Meacham's clique improbability measure.
A new field‐tested electronic system for data gathering, recording, transfer and dissemination via the World Wide Web
Authors: Cavalcanti Taciana Barbosa , Rezende Abrahão , Togawa Roberto , Rodrigues Patrícia , Favilla Luciano Magalhães , Neshich Goran 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCavalcanti, T. B., Rezende, A., Togawa, R., Rodrigues, P., Favilla, L. M. & Neshich, G.: A new field‐tested electronic system for data gathering, recording, transfer and dissemination via the World Wide Web. – Taxon 47: 381‐386. 1998. – ISSN 0040‐0262.One of the major challenges for taxonomists today is the organisation of collection data by making use of modern computer technology for data storage and retrieval. Recent developments enabling data accessing in the field are here discussed. A field‐tested electronic system for data gathering, recording, storage, transfer, formatted printout (e.g. for labelling) and, finally, dissemination by on‐line access, called ELCEN (Electronic CEN Herbarium), is described. It makes use of new, easily portable, hand‐held “personal data assistants” (PDAs) that connect easily with personal computers (PCs) and workstations, and results in global data availability via Internet's World Wide Web. Among the advantages of the new system are its ease of use, the elimination of most typing errors during data entry, and the reduction of the time lag between data input and data availability.
Validation of subfamily names in Lythraceae
Authors: Graham Shirley A. , Thorne Robert F. , Reveal James L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGraham, S. A., Thorne, R. F. & Reveal, J. L.: Validation of subfamily names in Lythraceae. – Taxon 47: 435‐436. 1998. – ISSN 0042‐0262.Reassessment of family alignments in the Myrtales assigns subfamilial status to three, or possibly four, monogeneric families (Sonneratiaceae, Duabangaceae, Punicaceae, and perhaps Trapaceae). Three subfamily names, previously used but not validly published, are validated. The basis for validation is summarised for all five subfamily names that are of potential use in phylogenetically based classifications of the Lythraceae.
Vestured pits inMalvaless.l.: a character with taxonomic significance hidden in the secondary xylem
Authors: Jansen Steven , Baas Pieter , Smets Erik 
Published: April 2006

SummaryJansen, S., Baas, P. & Smets, E.: Vestured pits inMalvaless.l.: a character with taxonomic significance hidden in the secondary xylem. – Taxon 49: 169–182. 2000. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The distribution of vestured pits in the secondary xylem of all major groups ofMalvaless.l. is investigated and compared with recent circumscriptions and phylogenetic insights of the order. While the monophyly of the coreMalvales,includingBombacaceae, Malvaceaes.str.,Sterculiaceae,andTiliaceae,is supported by the lack of vestured pits, the character is consistently present in three malvalean alliances that are well supported based on molecular data: (1)Bixaceae, Cochlospermaceae,andDiegodendraceae;(2)Cistaceae, Dipterocarpaceaes.l. (includingMonotaceae), andSarcolaenaceae;and (3)Thymelaeaceaes.l. (includingAquilariaceaeandGonystylaceae). Vestured pits are absent in other malvalean taxa such asPetenaea, Muntingiaceae, Neuradaceae,andSphaerosepalaceae.Families that are now excluded from the order, such asDirachmaceae, Elaeocarpaceae,andHuaceaealso have non‐vestured pits. Rudimentary vestures inPlagiopteraceae,however, do not necessarily indicate a malvalean affinity.
RAPD markers for genetic differentiation of species within Polytrichum (Pofytrichaceae, Musci): a preliminary survey
Authors: Zouhair Rachid , Corredini Pierre , Defontaine Alain , Hallet Jean‐Noël 
Published: April 2006

SummaryZouhair, R., Corradini, P., Defontaine A. & Hallet, J. N.: RAPD markers for genetic differentiation of species within Polytrichum (Polytrichaceae, Musci): a preliminary survey – Taxon 49: 217–229. 2000. – ISSN 0040‐0262.A combination of morphological data and RAPD markers were analysed using thirty colonies from Brittany (France) in six taxa of Polytrichum: P. commune, P. c. var. perigoniale, P. formosum, P. juniperinum, P. piliferum, and P. strictum. Ten primers selected for the RAPD study produced 166 polymorphic markers useful for cluster analysis. The Jaccard index of similarity was high within and among taxa and varied from 0.56 between P. commune and P. formosum to 0.89 between P. formosum and P. juniperinum. For the morphological study, shape of terminal cells of the green lamellae covering the upper surface of leaves allowed differentiation of taxa. In P. commune var. perigoniale these cells were narrower and less deeply notched than in P. commune. The diameter of leaves was scored for many individuals of the six taxa and revealed a sexual dimorphism for size. Female plants have a significantly larger leaf rosette diameter than male plants. Morphological results are largely consistent with RAPD data. However, the high level of genetic differences of P. c. var. perigoniale and P. strictum with other taxa demonstrates the potential of molecular and genetic data in phylogenetic analysis among closely related taxa. The cluster analysis divides the taxa into two groups: (1) P. commune, P. formosum and P. c. var. perigoniale; and (2) P. juniperinum, P. piliferum, and P. strictum. The results do not support splitting the genus into Polytrichum and Polytrichastrum nor the possibility of hybrid origin of P. c. var. perigoniale between P. commune and P. formosum.