bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum concentrations of thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine in dogs before and after administration of freshly reconstituted or previously frozen thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Authors: Rosychuk R. A. W. , Freshman J. L. , Olson P. N. , Olson J. D. , Husted P. W. , Crowder-Sousa M. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Concentrations of serum thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine (T3) were determined after the administration of freshly reconstituted thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh), reconstituted trh that had been previously frozen, or thyrotropin (tsh) to 10 mature dogs (6 Greyhounds and 4 mixed-breed dogs). Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (0.1 mg/kg) or tsh (5 U/dog) was administered iv; venous blood samples were collected before and 6 hours after administration of trh or tsh. Concentrations of the T4 and T3 were similar (P > 0.05) in serum after administration of freshly reconstituted or previously frozen trh, indicating that trh can be frozen at −20 C for at least 1 week without a loss in potency.
Concentrations of T4, but not T3, were higher after the administration of tsh than they were after the administration of trh (P < 0.01). Concentrations of T4 increased at least 3-fold in all 10 dogs given tsh, whereas a 3-fold increase occurred in 7 of 10 dogs given freshly reconstituted or previously frozen trh. Concentrations of T4 did not double in 1 dog given freshly reconstituted trh and in 1 dog given previously frozen trh. Concentrations of T3 doubled in 5 of 10, 2 of 10, and 5 of 10 dogs given tsh, freshly reconstituted trh, or previously frozen trh, respectively.
Results suggested that concentrations of serum T4 are higher 6 hours after the administration of tsh than after administration of trh, using dosage regimens of 5 U of tsh/dog or 0.1 mg of trh/kg. Additionally, results suggested that Greyhounds have lower concentrations of serum T4 than do mixed-breed dogs, but Greyhounds tend to have higher concentrations of serum T3.
Evaluation of Haemonchus contortus infections in sexually intact and ovariectomized ewes
Authors: Fleming Michael W. , Rhodes Richard C. , Gamble H. Ray 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three experiments were conducted to investigate experimentally the occurrence of periparturient nematode egg rise in ewes and the hormonal modulation of Haemonchus contortus infections. In the first experiment, fall-bred and winter-bred pregnant (n = 4 and 14, respectively) and nonpregnant (n = 5 and 29, respectively) ewes were treated with anthelmintic and were pastured together on fields that were contaminated with H contortus. Three weeks before lambing, all ewes were placed in concrete pens; fecal egg counts for the winter-bred group were obtained on alternate days. Pregnant and lactating ewes had significantly larger numbers (P < 0.01) of H contortus eggs than did the nonpregnant controls 1 week before and after lambing. Lactating, fall-bred ewes had significantly (P < 0.01) more adult worms in their abomasum through natural acquisition than the nonpregnant controls.
In the second experiment, fall-bred and winter-bred, helminth-free, pregnant (n = 4 and 8, respectively) and nonpregnant (n = 3 and 15, respectively) ewes were inoculated on 5 alternate days, beginning 70 days after breeding with 20,000 infective H contortus larvae. The ewes were maintained on concrete pens throughout pregnancy. Fecal egg counts were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in pregnant ewes, beginning 1 week before lambing until 1 week after lambing. Abomasums of lactating ewes from both lambing seasons yielded significantly (P < 0.01) more adult worms at necropsy than nonpregnant ewes.
In the third experiment, ewes were ovariectomized (n = 15) or sham-operated (n = 9); half of the control ewes were bred. Beginning on day 70 of pregnancy, all ewes were inoculated orally with 20,000 infective H contortus larvae on 5 alternative days. Abomasums were removed from all ewes after lambing, and adult worms were recovered. Pregnant ewes and half of the ovariectomized ewes had significantly (P < 0.05) more worms than did the sham-operated ewes.
Response to intradermal skin testing with four cat allergen preparations in healthy and allergic dogs
Authors: White Stephen D. , Ohman John L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intradermal skin testing with 4 cat allergens was performed on 40 dogs. The allergens used were a commercial preparation, cat allergen 1, cat pelt extract, and cat serum. Twenty dogs had inhalant allergies (canine atopy) and 20 dogs were healthy. The dogs in these 2 groups were further allotted to groups of dogs with or without exposure to cats. Cat pelt extract was the only allergen that caused a statistically significant (P < 0.025) difference in the number of positive reactions in healthy vs allergic dogs, with healthy dogs having the greater number of positive reactions. Seven (35%) of the 20 dogs with no known exposure to cats had positive reactions to at least one of the allergens. In dogs that had been exposed to cats, positive reactions developed in twice the number of dogs without clinical signs of canine atopy, compared with those with clinical signs of canine atopy. These data showed that dogs do become sensitized to cat allergen, but that this sensitization may not indicate known exposure to cats or clinical disease.
Experimentally induced bluetongue virus infection in white-tailed deer: Coagulation, clinical pathologic, and gross pathologic changes
Authors: Howerth E. W. , Greene C. E. , Prestwood A. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten yearling white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were inoculated with bluetongue virus serotype 17. Two yearling white-tailed deer were inoculated with sonicated heparinized noninfected blood and served as controls.
Clinical signs of bluetongue virus infection included increased rectal temperature, erythema, facial edema, coronitis, and stomatitis. By postinoculation day (pid) 8, excessive bleeding and hematoma formation at venipuncture sites, dehydration, and diarrhea developed. At necropsy, the most consistent findings were oral lesions and widespread hemorrhage, which ranged from petechia to massive hematoma formation.
Bluetongue virus caused progressive prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, and progressive reduction of Factors VIII and XII plasma activities beginning on pid 6. A progressive decrease in platelet numbers also developed on pid 6. Changes in platelet size were not detected. Mean thrombin time was shortened, but prolongation developed in 1 deer. Mean fibrinogen concentration and Factor V plasma activity initially increased and then decreased, but remained above preinoculation values. Factor V activity was low in a few deer. Results of screening tests for inhibitors of the intrinsic coagulation system were positive in 2 deer. High concentrations of fibrin(ogen) degradation products were first detected between pid 3 and 6.
Hematologic changes included leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and low total plasma protein concentration. Differences in pcv, hemoglobin concentration, or rbc counts were not detected between infected and control deer. Serum total bilirubin concentration increased by pid 6, primarily because of increased unconjugated bilirubin concentration. Mild to severe increases in serum aspartate transaminase activity were accompanied by more marked increases in creatine kinase activity. Indirect Coombs test results were negative in all deer. Examination of bone marrow revealed normal cellularity with progressive megakaryocyte hyperplasia.
These data document the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation in deer with bluetongue, and indicated that this process is an important factor in the development of hemorrhagic diathesis in white-tailed deer with bluetongue.
Tissue residues of diacetoxyscirpenol in pigs and calves after intravenous dosing
Authors: Coppock R. W. , Swanson S. P. , Gelberg H. B. , Buck W. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pigs (n = 19) were given 0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mg of diacetoxyscirpenol (das)/kg of body weight, and heifers (n = 7) were given 0 or 0.5 mg of das/kg. Animals were anesthetized and exsanguinated 8 hours after administration of das, and liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen were analyzed for das. Diacetoxyscirpenol was not detected in tissues from animals not given das. All tissues from pigs and calves given das contained at least traces (≤ 10 ng/g of tissue) of das.
Comparison of the effect of T-2 toxin with that of dexamethasone or cyclophosphamide on resistance to Babesia microti infection in mice
Authors: Corrier Donald E. , Wagner Gerald G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of T-2 toxin on host resistance to acute and latent Babesia microti infections was evaluated in mice and was compared with the effects of the immunosuppressive drugs dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide. Mice with acute or latent B microti infection were treated with 2 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of body weight, 0.2 mg of dexamethasone/kg, or 30 mg of cyclophosphamide/kg daily for 5 days. Treatment with dexamethasone or cyclophosphamide caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in Babesia parasitemia during acute infection and significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged the duration of parasitemia during acute babesiosis. Treatment with T-2 toxin caused a transient significant (P < 0.05) increase in Babesia parasitemia on day 10 after acute infection and numerical, though statistically nonsignificant, increases in the maximal level and duration of parasitemia during acute babesiosis. Significant (P < 0.005) recrudescence of parasitemia was observed in the dexamethasone- and cyclophosphamide-treated mice with latent Babesia infection. Treatment with T-2 toxin did not cause recrudescence of parasitemia in mice with latent Babesia infection.
Radiographic assessment of liver volume in dogs
Authors: van Bree Henri , Jacobs Veerle , Vandekerckhove P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a group of 65 dogs, radiographic liver length, the length of the axis from the most cranial part of the diaphragm to the apex of the liver tip, was correlated significantly (P < 0.000001) with real liver volume. Within this group, radiographic liver length, compared with the length of the eleventh thoracic vertebra, was correlated with liver volume per kilogram of body weight.
In a group of 30 dogs, with histologically normal liver, this measurement was not affected by thoracic conformation. These findings suggest that radiographic liver length is a reliable measurement for estimating liver volume in dogs and that it is not influenced by thoracic conformation.
For 60 of the 65 dogs, a method of assessment of liver volume was formulated that required 2 measurements to be made on the lateral abdominal radiograph and 1 to be made on the dog itself.
Obstructive Jaundice Associated with Chronic Active Hepatitis in a Dog
Authors: Meyer Dennis J. , Iverson William O. , Terrell Timothy G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A cholestatic syndrome was the primary manifestation of chronic active hepatitis in a dog. Enzyme determinations did not differentiate between extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholestasis as the cause of the conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, thus necessitating percutaneous liver biopsy. The dog was treated with prednisolone but developed gastrointestinal hemorrhage and terminal hepatic encephalopathy. Morphologic variations in liver biopsy specimens obtained simultaneously and in the specimen obtained at necropsy demonstrated that the disease activity varied by locales in the liver.
Bluetongue and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Isolations from Vertebrate and Invertebrate Hosts at a Common Geographic Site
Authors: Foster N. M. , Metcalf H. E. , Barber T. L. , Jones R. H. , Luedke A. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One serotype of bluetongue virus (btv) and two serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) were isolated from vertebrate and invertebrate hosts on a farm in Colorado. The isolations were from blood samples collected a week apart from a dairy heifer with stomatitis and laminitis; ehdv serotypes 1 and 2 were isolated from the first blood sample, and btv serotype 13 and ehdv serotype 1 were isolated from the second. Antibodies to ehdv and btv were detected in the serum from this heifer. Both ehdv serotypes and btv serotype 13 were isolated from pools of female biting gnats (Culicoides variipennis) that had not had a recent blood meal. The btv insect isolate was biologically transmitted by female gnats from an infected donor sheep to a recipient host sheep. Culicoides variipennis was the predominant insect collected during three nights of light trap captures at the farm.
Filaroides hirthi in a Dog: Fatal Hyperinfection Suggestive of Autoinfection
Authors: August J. R. , Powers R. D. , Bailey W. S. , Diamond D. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Progressive dyspnea in a dog began 1 month after it had been hit by a car. Radiographs revealed diffuse interstitial and alveolar pneumonia. Large numbers of embryonated eggs were observed in bronchial washings; and many small nematodes, later identified as Filaroides hirthi, were found in the fine needle aspirates of pulmonary tissue. Numerous nematode larvae were demonstrated on fecal flotation. The severe hyperinfection strongly suggested autoinfection, probably associated with depressed immunologic competence due to chronic stress.
Polymyositis in Dogs
Authors: Kornegay Joe E. , Gorgacz Edward J. , Dawe Donald L. , Bowen John M. , White Nathaniel A. , DeBuysscher Eduard V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Polymyositis was diagnosed in nine dogs. Factors utilized in making the diagnosis included (1) muscle pain or weakness, (2) high concentrations of serum muscle enzymes, (3) electromyographic abnormalities, and (4) histopathologic evidence of muscle necrosis and inflammation.
Clinical signs included muscle pain, weakness, stilted gait, and pyrexia. Serum muscle enzyme concentrations were high in only three dogs. There was no apparent correlation between enzyme concentrations and severity of clinical involvement or degree of muscle necrosis on biopsy. Electromyographic changes included polyphasic motor unit potentials, fibrillation potentials, and positive waves. Variable degrees of muscle regeneration, degeneration, and inflammation were seen.
Prednisone (2.2 mg/kg, OD, per os) was used effectively to treat four dogs. One dog improved initially but was euthanatized later when clinical signs became more pronounced. Three other dogs developed aspiration pneumonia secondary to megaesophagus and either died or were euthanatized.
Evaluation of the Demand Valve for Resuscitation of Horses
Authors: Riebold T. W. , Evans A. T. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Arterial blood gas values, rate of pulmonary nitrogen washout, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were determined during ventilation of six anesthetized horses, with a demand valve. The horses were allowed to ventilate spontaneously, or intermittent positive pressure ventilation was utilized. When compared with spontaneous ventilation, intermittent positive pressure ventilation caused a significant increase in the rate of pulmonary nitrogen washout and a significant decrease of arterial carbon dioxide. It was concluded that intermittent positive pressure ventilation with a demand valve provides a simple method for resuscitation of horses.
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Tarsocrural Joint in Three Canine Siblings
Authors: Olson Neil C. , Mostosky Ulreh V. , Flo Gretchen L. , Tvedten Harold W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Osteochondritis dissecans of the tarsocrural joint was diagnosed in three canine siblings. The lesion, unilateral in one dog and bilateral in two dogs, was on the caudomedial aspect of the trochlea of the talus. Surgical treatment resulted in marked improvement of hindlimb gait.
Halogeton Poisoning in Range Cattle
Authors: Lincoln Stuart D. , Black Baxter 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Acute Halogeton glomeratus poisoning occurred in 16 of 680 range cattle during and following a trail drive. Signs of toxicosis included posterior ataxia, recumbency, coma, and death. Histopathologically, abundant, refractile calcium oxalate crystals were seen in renal tubules. Inasmuch as the plant is generally unpalatable for cattle, poisoning in this case was enhanced by a preceding period of food deprivation.
Implications of Mycotoxins in Animal Disease
Authors: Pier A. C. , Richard J. L. , Cysewski S. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mycotoxins are formed on animal feeds when conditions of moisture and temperature permit the growth of naturally occurring toxigenic fungi. In general, mycotoxins are low molecular weight, nonantigenic substances, many of which are relatively heat stable. Mycotoxins can cause acute disease episodes when animals consume critical quantities of them. Specific toxins affect specific organs or tissues such as the liver, kidney, oral and gastric mucosa, brain, or reproductive tract. In acute mycotoxicoses, the signs of disease often are marked and directly referable to the affected target organs. Most frequently, however, concentrations of mycotoxin in feeds are below those that cause acute disease. At lower concentrations, the effects of mycotoxins are more protean. They reduce the growth rate of young animals, and some interfere with native mechanisms of resistance and impair immunologic responsiveness, making the animals more susceptible to infection. These effects on immunity and resistance are difficult to recognize because the signs of disease are associated with the infection rather than with the mycotoxin that predisposed the animal to infection. Animals vary in their susceptibility to some mycotoxins, according to the species and age of animal; young growing animals are more susceptible to certain mycotoxins than are adults. The major effects, sources, and dose response relationships of mycotoxins important to the health of food-producing animals are presented in accompanying tables.
Expanding Food-Animal Veterinary Services Through Nutritional Consultation
Authors: Lesch Timothy E. , Troutt H. F. , Jones G. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Practitioners can increase their value to their clients as well as increase the gross veterinary product by developing supplemental expertise in nontraditional disciplines. This can be accomplished through continuing education and the utilization of technical support services such as the professional nutritionist. In addition, contemporary technology such as the electronic moisture tester and the pH meter can be implemented in the acquisition of nutritional diagnostic data. A comprehensive herd health program is precisely the delivery system into which such complimentary expertise can be integrated successfully.
Dairy Herd Reproductive Health Programs Compared with Traditional Practices
Authors: Heider Lawrence E. , Galton David M. , Barr Harry L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Reproductive herd health programs have been advocated for many years, and rational approaches that are cost effective have been demonstrated. Dissemination of this information to dairymen can help create a demand for veterinary service. Similarly, the information can be utilized by veterinarians to encourage dairy clients to utilize profitable practices and programs. The study described demonstrated an improvement in biologic goals when a reproductive herd health program was incorporated into the management scheme. The program achieved economic success by reducing costs related to reproduction.
Capillaria plica Infection in Dogs
Authors: Senior D. F. , Solomon G. B. , Goldschmidt M. H. , Joyce T. , Bovee K. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The prevalence, pathologic effects, and treatment of Capillaria plica infection were investigated in two breeding kennels. The prevalence of C plica infection in mature dogs in two kennels (127 dogs) was 76% and 59%. Pups less than 8 months old did not pass C plica eggs in the urine. Age, breed, or sex predilection was not observed in mature dogs. In infected dogs, hematuria, dysuria, and pollakiuria developed without secondary bacterial cystitis. A direct life cycle could not be demonstrated experimentally.
Histologically, adult C plica were seen in the submucosa of the bladder and ureter, where they induced a mild inflammatory reaction and submucosal edema.
Epidemiologic Monitoring Following an Episode of Pseudorabies Involving Swine, Sheep, and Cattle
Authors: Thawley David G. , Wright James C. , Solorzano Robert F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In April 1978, an episode of pseudorabies involved swine, sheep, and cattle on a farm in north-central Missouri. The herd of 48 farrowing sows was vaccinated, then separated from the sheep and cattle by double fencing. Within 4 days, death losses in sheep and cattle ceased, indicating that separation by double fencing is an effective means of controlling interspecies virus spread. Monitoring of pseudorabies in sows and their vaccinated offspring was done by serum neutralization testing and virus culturing of pharyngeal swabs for the following 12 months. Pseudorabies virus carriers were in the sow herd 6 months after the initial episode. The serologic response to vaccination of the offspring from immune sows was poor, but pigs segregated from their dams at weaning remained free of detectable infection. It was concluded that segregation at weaning may be useful when expensive breeding lines must be salvaged from an infected herd.
Avulsion Fractures of the Origin of the Suspensory Ligament in the Horse
Authors: Bramlage L. R. , Gabel A. A. , Hackett R. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five horses with avulsion fractures of the proximal origin of the suspensory ligament were examined for lameness. The horses in the series each had lameness of acute onset; four were severely lame, and one moderately lame. The condition was difficult to diagnose because commonly used local anesthetic blocks did not result in improvement during the routine examination. Local infiltration of the area with local anesthetic returned the horses to soundness. After a period of rest, varying from a few weeks in the acute injury to 6 months in the chronic injuries, the horses were returned to racing without lameness.