bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of enantiopure Wieland–Miescher ketone and derivatives by the MαNP acid method. Substituent effect on the HPLC separation
Authors: Kasai Yusuke , Shimanuki Kumiko , Kuwahara Shunsuke , Watanabe Masataka , Harada Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEnantiopure Wieland–Miescher ketone (4, W‐M ketone) and derivatives were prepared by the enantioresolution with 2‐methoxy‐2‐(1‐naphthyl)propionic acid (MαNP acid 1). Various racemic derivatives of 4 were esterified with acid (S)‐(+)‐1 yielding diastereomeric MαNP esters, which were separated by HPLC on silica gel. It was clarified that the HPLC separation of diastereomers depended on the substituent of the derivatives, leading to the working hypothesis that MαNP acid esters of alcohols with less polar and more bulky aliphatic substituents are more effectively separated. The best separation was obtained in the case of tert‐butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) ether derivative (12a/12b): separation factor α = 1.80, and resolution factor, Rs = 1.30. The 1H NMR spectra of separated MαNP esters showed anomalously large magnetic anisotropy effects, from which their absolute configurations were determined. Solvolysis or reduction of the separated MαNP esters yielded alcohols, which were converted to enantiopure W‐M ketones 4. The results thus provided another route for preparation of enantiopure ketones (8aR)‐(−)‐4 and (8aS)‐(+)‐4. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality
Roles of phenylalanine at position 120 and glutamic acid at position 222 in the oxidation of chiral substrates by cytochrome P450 2D6
Authors: Masuda Kazufumi , Tamagake Keietsu , Katsu Takashi , Torigoe Fumihiro , Saito Keita , Hanioka Nobumitsu , Yamano Shigeru , Yamamoto Shigeo , Narimatsu Shizuo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe roles of Phe‐120 and Glu‐222 in the oxidation of chiral substrates bunitrolol (BTL) and bufuralol (BF) by CYP2D6 are discussed. Wild‐type CYP2D6 (CYP2D6‐WT) oxidized BTL to 4‐hydroxybunitrolol (4‐OH‐BTL) with substrate enantioselectivity of (R)‐(+)‐BTL > (S)‐(−)‐BTL. The same enzyme converted BF into 1″‐hydroxybufuralol with substrate enantioselectivity of (R)‐BF >> (S)‐BF and metabolite diastereoselectivity of (1″R)‐OH < (1″S)‐OH. The substitution of Phe‐120 by alanine markedly increased the apparent Km and Vmax values for enantiomeric BTL 4‐hydroxylation by CYP2D6. In contrast, the same substitution caused an increase only in Vmax values of (S)‐BF 1″‐hydroxylation without changing apparent Km values, while kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax values) for (R)‐BF 1″‐hydroxylation remained unchanged. Furthermore, the substitution of Glu‐222 as well as Glu‐216 by alanine remarkably decreased both the apparent Km and Vmax values without changing substrate enantioselectivity or metabolite diastereoselectivity. A computer‐assisted simulation study using energy minimization and molecular dynamics techniques indicated that the hydrophobic interaction of an aromatic moiety of the substrate with Phe‐120 and the ionic interaction of a basic nitrogen atom of the substrate with Glu‐222 in combination with Glu‐216 play important roles in the binding of BF and BTL by CYP2D6 and the orientation of these substrates in the active‐site cavity. This modeling yielded a convincing explanation for the reversal of substrate enantioselectivity in BTL 4‐hydroxylation between CYP2D6‐WT and CYP2D6‐V374M having methionine in place of Val‐374, which supports the validity of this modeling. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Chirality
Eine Methode zur Berechnung der Relativgeschwindigkeit von Gasblasen in Dreiphasenströmungen – Teil 2: Praxisrelevante Gasgehalte
Authors: John S. , Schlüter M. , Scheid S. , Parchmann H. , Räbiger N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAuf der Grundlage physikalischer Modellvorstellungen wird eine Methode zur Berechnung der Relativgeschwindigkeit von Gasblasen in Dreiphasenströmungen erarbeitet. Hierfür wird ein bekannter Modellansatz für Gas/Flüssigkeitsströmungen bezüglich der komplexen Wechselwirkungen der dispersen Phasen in Dreiphasensystemen modifiziert. Rechnung getragen wird speziell der veränderten Blasenumströmung, dem hierdurch veränderten Blasenschleppengebiet und dem Phänomen der Feststoffeinlagerung gemäß den in Teil 1 dieses Beitrags erläuterten Phänomenologien. Der erarbeiteten Methode werden experimentell gewonnenen Daten aus Messungen in einem Treibstrahlschlaufenreaktor gegenübergestellt und hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit diskutiert. Dabei ergibt sich, dass die mit dem neuen Modell ermittelten und die experimentellen Daten gut übereinstimmen, besonders bei praxisrelevanten, hohen Dispersphasengehalten.
Verwendung und Modifikation eines kommerziellen Nioboxid‐ Hydrates als Katalysator für feststoffsäurekatalysierte Reaktionen
Authors: Frank B. , Yildiz A. , Schomäcker R. , Habel D. , Schubert H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEin kommerziell erhältliches Nioboxid‐Hydrat, das bei der Darstellung von Nioboxid als Zwischenprodukt anfällt, wird auf seine Eignung als Feststoffsäure‐Katalysator untersucht. Die Veresterung von Essigsäure mit Ethanol in der Gasphase dient für die Beurteilung der Aktivität als einfache Modellreaktion. Die kinetische Auswertung der Versuche umfasst sowohl eine mechanistische Studie als auch Abschätzungen über Stofftransporthemmungen.
Review of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Bardales Ricardo H. , Stelow Edward B. , Mallery Shawn , Lai Rebecca , Stanley Michael W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis review, based on the Hennepin County Medical Center experience and review of the literature, vastly covers the up‐to‐date role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in evaluating tumorous lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs. Emphasis is given to the tumoral and nodal staging of esophageal, pulmonary, and pancreatic cancer. This review also discusses technical, pathological, and gastroenterologic aspects and the role of the pathologist and endosonographer in the evaluation of these lesions, as well as the corresponding FNA cytology and differential diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:140–175. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in seasonal epidemic West Nile virus meningo‐encephalitis
Authors: Rawal Ajay , Gavin Patrick J. , Sturgis Charles D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe incidence of West Nile Virus (WNV) infection has progressively increased in North America since the first epidemic in 1999. Formal scholarly documentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology changes in patients with WNV infection is limited. We report our experience with CSF cytospins from a population of consecutive patients with documented CSF WNV‐specific IgM. Thirty‐two patients (12 male, 20 female) with a median age of 52 yr (range, 19–88) diagnosed with WNV meningo‐encephalitis were studied. Symptoms were present for a mean of 5 days (range, 1–14) prior to lumbar puncture. CSF proteins were elevated in 94% of patients (30/32) with a mean value of 79 mg/dl (range, 36–185). CSF glucose was normal to elevated in all cases. All cytomorphologically adequate samples demonstrated a pleocytosis with a mean of 156 cells/mm3 (range, 13–683). Nearly, all (26/28) patients showed increased CSF neutrophils‐ mean 43% (range, 1–83). Mean lymphocyte and monocyte fractions were 44% (range, 8–85) and 14% (range, 2–27), respectively. Three cases showed 1–4% plasma cells. Mean total leukocyte counts (TLC) (197 cells/mm3) and mean neutrophil fractions (50%) were greater in patients sampled within the first 3 days of symptoms than in those sampled beyond day 3 (mean TLC, 126 cells/mm3; mean neutrophil fraction, 37%). Relative lymphocyte proportions increased from a mean of 39 to 48% after 3 days of illness. WNV should be considered as a potential etiology of infectious CSF pleocytosis in the North American late summer and early fall seasons. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:127–129. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FNA diagnosis of recurrent sebaceous carcinoma
Authors: Jain Prashant , Nanda Annu , Handa Uma , Bal Amanjit , Mohan Harsh , Gupta Suresh Kumar 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe describe fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis in a case of sebaceous carcinoma presenting as recurrent swelling eyelid. The patient, a 35‐yr‐old woman, presented with a gradually increasing painless mass in the left upper eyelid. She had a history of excisions of swelling at the same site over a period of 5 years. On FNA, the smears were cellular and demonstrated sheets, three dimensional clusters, and singly scattered polygonal tumor cells having centrally located hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei and cytoplasmic microvacuolations. Oil red‐O stain performed on air‐dried smears showed positivity, confirming the presence of intracellular and extracellular lipid globules. A final impression of sebaceous carcinoma of the left upper eyelid was rendered, based on which the eyelid mass was radically excised. Subsequent histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.Despite wide excision, such tumors not uncommonly recur and metastasize. An early and accurate diagnosis of such lesions can be established on minimally invasive needle aspiration. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:124–126. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrocatalytic Characteristics of Hydrazine and Hydroxylamine Oxidation at Coumestan Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Zare Hamid R. , Nasirizadeh Navid 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA coumestan derivative modified carbon paste electrode (CMCPE) was used as a sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of electrocatalytic of hydrazine and hydroxylamine. The mechanism of electrocatalytic oxidation of both hydrazine and hydroxylamine using CMCPE was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and polarization studies. The kinetic parameters such as the electron transfer coefficient, α, heterogeneous rate constant, k′, and exchange current density, j0, for oxidation of hydrazine and hydroxylamine at the CMCPE surface were determined using cyclic voltammetry. Further more, the linear dynamic range, sensitivity and limit of detection for hydrazine and hydroxylamine detections were evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry.
Maximum a posteriori decorrelating receiver for MC‐CDMA systems
Authors: Boujemâa Hatem , Siala Mohamed 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this letter, we propose a maximum a posteriori decorrelating receiver (DR) for multicarrier code division multiple access (MC‐CDMA) systems. The decorrelating receiver consists in a maximum a posteriori combining of an uncorrelated version of the signal demodulated over the different subcarriers. The DR performance is compared to that of the conventional receiver (CR) which is based on a maximum ratio combining strategy. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
Irradiation as an experimental tool in studies of adult neurogenesis
Authors: Wojtowicz J. Martin 
Published: January 2006

Abstract“Loss of function” experiments have been the mainstay approach in studies seeking to determine functional roles of various brain regions in learning and memory. The hippocampal formation consists of several distinct regions that are thought to play different, yet interrelated, roles in the memory processes. Ionizing radiation offers a selective and highly flexible, relatively uninvasive method to further advance such studies. Focused applications of the radiation beam to the head under general anesthesia can selectively reduce ongoing adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus without causing any detectable damage to mature neurons. Further refinements of the methodology should offer many opportunities to extend our present knowledge of how and when adult neurogenesis plays a role in learning and memory. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of substance use research among those with mental retardation
Authors: McGillicuddy Neil B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis article reviews research conducted on the cigarette, alcohol, and illicit drug use of adolescents and adults with mental retardation (MR). The majority of the research related to substance use conducted on this population has been limited to surveys. Overall, results of these studies suggest that, although substance use is slightly lower among those with MR than among nondisabled comparison groups, it is nonetheless a problem for many individuals. This research is reviewed and a discussion of both the general and specific flaws of these studies follows. Further, the examination of education, prevention, and treatment programs for this population has been overlooked, indicating that individuals with MR are likely not receiving the services most appropriate for them. The article concludes with a discussion of several topics that need to be addressed in future studies, including research on potential best practices in the overlooked areas of substance abuse interventions. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:41–47. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acquired immune cytopenias post‐cardiac transplantation respond to rituximab
Authors: Tubman Venée N. , Smoot Leslie , Heeney Matthew M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHematologic abnormalities following solid organ transplantation are infrequently autoimmune in origin. We present a series of autoimmune cytopenias developing as a late complication of pediatric cardiac transplantation. Autoimmune cytopenias represented include autoimmune hemolytic anemia, acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Standard therapies were used in each patient without sustainable results. Eventually, each patient was treated with and responded to rituximab. In this report, we review these cases, propose potential mechanisms for development of autoimmune cytopenias, and discuss our experience with rituximab in managing refractory autoimmune cytopenias. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:339–344. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of cationic water‐soluble copolymers and hydrogels based on [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride and 2‐hydroxyethylacrylate and their complex formation with poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Nurkeeva Z. S. , Mun G. A. , Sergaziyev A. D. , Fefelova N. A. , Sarsenbaeva A. S. , Khutoryanskiy V. V. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWater‐soluble cationic copolymers and hydrogels were synthesized by radical copolymerization of [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MADQUAT) and 2‐hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA). The kinetics of copolymerization has been studied and the reactivity ratios were determined. It was found that MADQUAT exhibits higher reactivity in copolymerization. The complexation between linear MADQUAT‐HEA and linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) has been studied in aqueous solutions at different pH. It results in the formation of insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes, whose composition and stability to aggregate depends on MADQUAT content in copolymers and pH. The hydrogels were synthesized by three‐dimensional radical copolymerization of MADQUAT and HEA in the presence of a crosslinker. The effects of the feed mixture composition on yield and swelling properties of the hydrogels were studied. The interactions of these hydrogels with linear PAA result in formation of gel–polyelectrolyte complexes and contraction of the samples. It was found that the contraction depends on copolymer composition, PAA molecular weight, and solution pH. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44:845–853, 2006
Photofluorescence of hyperbranched poly(phenylene sulfide)
Authors: Xu Ranglei , Liu Hewen , Shi Wenfang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe synthesized hyperbranched poly(phenylene sulfide) (HPPS) in a simple “one‐pot” way by condensation of potassium 2,4‐dichlorlbenzenthiol. The molecular masses (Mw) of the polymers obtained under the conditions of this work were from 6 × 103 to 1 × 105. XRD pattern indicated substantial loss in crystallinity in HPPS. There was a minimum in the relation of intrinsic viscosity of HPPS in tetrahydrofuran (THF), determined by Ubbelohde viscometer, to molecular mass. Thermal analysis revealed that the HPPSs were very stable with the onset degradation temperature above 400 °C, and remaining weight of about 60% at 800 °C in nitrogen. The maximum emission wavelength of HPPS in THF was about 460 nm, which would red‐shift with the increase of molecular mass or concentration. The quenching behavior of the fluorescence in HPPS quenched by Cu2+ obeyed the Stern–Volmer equation,
${F_0\over F} = 1 + kC_{\rm Cu^{2+}}$, where F0 and F are the fluorescence intensity at the reference condition free of quencher and at condition with a quencher concentration of CCu2+, respectively, and k is a constant. The quenching efficiency was still as high as about 20% at Cu2+ concentration of about 10 ppm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 826–831, 2006
Risk Criteria for the Shipping Industry
Authors: Trbojevic V. M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes dual risk criteria for the shipping industry based on a goal‐setting approach to safety requiring risk in the tolerability region to be as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) within which there is a prescriptive target risk level which should not be reached. The prescriptive target risk level is intended for smaller companies satisfying the current safety and classification rules, while it is expected that leading companies would embrace the dynamic ALARP approach as a means for improving the current practice in a search for a better and more economical solution. Furthermore, it is shown that it is possible to formulate the societal risk criteria fully consistent with often legally imposed individual risk criteria. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revealing the mechanism of Rh(I)‐catalyzed hydroformylation of 4‐pyridylethene derivatives: DFT study
Authors: Luo Xiaoling , Tang Dianyong , Li Ming 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA comprehensive theoretical investigation into the mechanism of 1‐phenyl‐1‐(4‐pyridyl)ethene hydroformylation, using a rhodium catalyst employing a nonlocal density functional method (B3LYP), was carried out. The calculated results show that it is strongly exothermic by >90 kJ/mol of the whole catalytic cycle, and the rate‐limited step is H2 oxidative addition. The regioselectivity originates from olefin insertion into the RhH bond. The predominant product is the regiospecifically 3‐phenyl‐3‐(4‐pyridal)propanal determined both thermodynamically and kinetically. These are in agreement with practicality experimental studies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Moletronics modeling toward molecular potentials
Authors: Yan Liuming , Seminario Jorge M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractUsing ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate two molecular OR gates that are able to process binary signals encoded as molecular potentials. Thus, the possibility to implement logic gates of <1 nm is demonstrated. The advantage of this approach to post‐microelectronics technologies is the tremendous low‐power dissipation, the small feature size of molecular devices, and the compatible nature of input and output signals that would allow the implementation of complex logic. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
A pattern‐mixture model for the analysis of censored quality‐of‐life data
Authors: Li Huiling , Heitjan Daniel F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe propose a pattern‐mixture model for describing the joint distribution of incomplete repeated measurements of quality of life (QoL) and right‐censored survival times. The model assumes that the survival times follow a multinomial distribution and that the quality of life outcome follows a multivariate normal distribution conditional on the survival time. We estimate the model using a Bayesian approach by importance sampling. We then use simulated parameters to create multiple imputations of the censored QoL outcomes, which can then be used to calculate individual values of quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs). We apply the method to data from the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (REMATCH) clinical trial. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An elliptic spatial scan statistic
Authors: Kulldorff Martin , Huang Lan , Pickle Linda , Duczmal Luiz 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe spatial scan statistic is commonly used for geographical disease cluster detection, cluster evaluation and disease surveillance. The most commonly used shape of the scanning window is circular. In this paper we explore an elliptic version of the spatial scan statistic, using a scanning window of variable location, shape (eccentricity), angle and size, and with and without an eccentricity penalty. The method is applied to breast cancer mortality data from Northeastern United States and female oral cancer mortality in the United States. Power comparisons are made with the circular scan statistic. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple imputation for correcting verification bias
Authors: Harel Ofer , Zhou Xiao‐Hua 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn the case in which all subjects are screened using a common test and only a subset of these subjects are tested using a golden standard test, it is well documented that there is a risk for bias, called verification bias. When the test has only two levels (e.g. positive and negative) and we are trying to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the test, we are actually constructing a confidence interval for a binomial proportion. Since it is well documented that this estimation is not trivial even with complete data, we adopt multiple imputation framework for verification bias problem. We propose several imputation procedures for this problem and compare different methods of estimation. We show that our imputation methods are better than the existing methods with regard to nominal coverage and confidence interval length. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of pregnancy on primary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Juang Chi‐Mou , Yen Ming‐Shien , Twu Nae‐Fong , Horng Huann‐Cheng , Yu Hung‐Chuan , Chen Chih‐Yao 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective: Because it has been observed that dysmenorrhea can improve after childbirth, this investigation was intended to quantify the impact of both gestational length and mode of delivery on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: This is an 8‐year prospective observational study. Patients with a history of dysmenorrhea who later gave birth were evaluated for improvement on the severity of dysmenorrhea, with use of visual analogue scale (VAS), and Likert‐type scale. Result: Final analysis involved 3694 patients. Women who had spontaneous delivery would have significantly more improvement than women with cesarean delivery per VAS (term delivery, 51 vs. 33, P < 0.001; preterm delivery, 17 vs. 10, P < 0.001). For first delivery, patients in the spontaneous delivery subgroup were the most likely to have improvement in severity of dysmenorrhea. For second delivery, only patients in the spontaneous delivery subgroup had statistically significant improvement. Conclusion: Both length of gestation and mode of delivery have an impact on primary dysmenorrhea. The most significant improvement occurred after the first delivery.