bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Excitations in an Order‐Parameter‐Preserving Antiferromagnet
Authors: Liu Wu‐Ming , Wang Heng , Bai Feng‐Xiang , Zhou Ben‐Lian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntroducing the Dyson‐Maleev transformation and the coherent state ansatz, soliton‐type nonlinear excitations in an order‐parameter‐preserving antiferromagnet (OPP‐AFM) are investigated with help of the method of multiple scales combined with the long‐wavelength approximation. The soliton frequencies enter into the frequency gap of the linear dispersion curve and denote the nonlinear localized modes of this system. These modes which produce the nonlinearity can be viewed as a two‐magnon bound state.
Line groups and modulated systems. Translational invariance in modulated systems
Authors: Mészáros Cs. , Bánkuti J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe line groups are established as the symmetry groups of modulated crystals. The formula of the structure factor in the Fourier‐Bessel synthesis for polymers is extended to modulated crystals. The existence of translational invariance according to line groups is shown for the crystals K2SeO4and MnAu2.
Confined acoustic phonons in a free‐standing quantum well and their interaction with electrons
Authors: Bannov N. , Mitin V. , Stroscio M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Lagrangian of an isotropic continuous medium and Lagrangian formalism are used to consistently derive acoustic eigenmodes, to normalize them, and to determine the acoustic phonons (confined acoustic phonons) in a free‐standing quantum well. These phonons may be classified as shear, dilatational, and flexural phonons in accordance with the acoustic terminology for eigenmodes. The Hamiltonians describing interactions of the confined acoustic phonons with electrons in the approximations of the deformation potential and the piezoelectric scattering potential are obtained and analyzed.
Study of structural relaxation processes of nonequilibrium states in quench‐condensed indium films with hydrogen impurities below 5 K
Authors: Belevtsev B. I. , Komnik Yu. F. , Vatsuk L. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe structural state of quench‐condensed polycrystalline indium films with hydrogen impurities is studied by the electron diffraction method. The films (3 to 14 nm thick) are deposited with rates of 0.3 to 2nm/s in hydrogen atmosphere (pH ≈ 1.6 × 10−2 Pa) onto substrates cooled by liquid helium to 2.5 K. The films exhibit high nonequilibrium hydrogen concentration (up to ≈ 15 at%) and their state is labile. During the transition to a more stable state (at constant temperatures or with heating in the range 2.5 K ⪅ T ⪅ 5 K) hydrogen in films is highly mobile. The attendant structural relaxation consists in alternating increase and decrease of the lattice parameters in microcrystallites. Simultaneously crystallites undergo inhomogeneous strains. The behaviour of the relaxation process shows some symptoms of spinodal decomposition. There are, however, essential distinctions from the features of spinodal decomposition, which are known for bulk metal‐hydrogen systems. Results obtained are discussed taking into account the influence of the two‐dimensionality of the films and their inhomogeneous (granular) structure on nonequilibrium state decomposition.
Luminescence and optical absorption in nominally pure and Cr‐doped PLZT ceramics
Authors: Trepakov V. , Dimza V. , Jastrabik L. , Savinov A. , Bryknar Z. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis is the first presentation of optical absorption and luminescence emission and excitation spectra of transparent Plzt 10/65/35 (Pb0.9La0.1Zr0.65Ti0.35O3) and Plzt 8/65/35 (Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.65Ti0.35O3) ferroelectric ceramics, both undoped and doped with Cr2O3. Undoped samples exhibit a band gap absorption at 77 K near 365 nm and broad‐band luminescence peaked at 610 nm, which is attributed to self‐trapped exciton emission of Ti3+ Ox oxygen deficient complexes. The newly arising absorption, excitation and emission spectra of Cr2O3‐doped PLZT are ascribed to transitions of Cr3+ and Cr5+ in octahedral positions. The temperature dependence of the inhomogeneously broadened R line luminescence of Cr3+ (2Eg → 4A2g), peaked at ≈ 13610 cm−1 at 77 K in Plzt 8/65/35, reveals a line split in the vicinity of 183 K. This is tentatively attributed to an unknown low‐temperature lattice reconstruction or to a phase transition.
Structural Studies of Bulk Amorphous GaSb under High Pressures
Authors: Sapelkin A. V. , Bayliss S. C. , Lyapin A. G. , Brazhkin V. V. , Iitié J. P. , Polian A. , Clark S. M. , Dent A. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn‐situ high pressure (up to 20 GPa) energy‐dispersive EXAFS as well as energy‐ and angle‐dispersive powder diffraction have been used to study phase transformations in bulk amorphous GaSb and (GaSb)1−x(Ge2)x. Complex transitional behavior was observed. The amorphous‐tehigh pressure crystalline GaSb II phase transition starts at a pressure of ≈︁4 GPa, whereas the analogous transition in crystalline GaSb takes place at around 7 GPa. The abnormally large Debye Waller factor for Ga nearest neighbors in the high pressure phase is interpreted in terms of the existence of an orthorhombic structure. In the solid solutions of GaSb with Ge the transition pressure shifts to higher values with increasing Ge concentration x.
Ethical decision making styles in the workplace: Underlying dimensions and their implications
Authors: Snow Roberta M. , Bloom Arvid J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractManagerial decisions involving complex tradeoffs were examined using a scenariobased survey instrument, developed from the Kinston's work on ethical choice. Respondents indicated the extent to which each of seven ethical considerations would effect their decisions. Four considerations were end‐oriented (teleo‐logical): rationalist, experientialist, systemicist, transcendentalist, and three means‐oriented (deontological): conventionalist, individualist, and legitimist The data suggest that three strong bi‐polar factors with opposing teleological with deontological considerations underlie ethical decision styles. Extensions from the research are also discussed.
The architectural relevance of cybernetics
Authors: Frazer John H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAbstract — This title is taken from an article by Gordon Pask in Architectural Design September 1969. It raises a number of questions which this article attempts to answer. How did Gordon come to be writing for an architectural publication? What was his contribution to architecture? How does he now come to be on the faculty of a school of architecture? And what indeed is the architectural relevance of cybernetics?
Dialogue and conversation machine aspects and aspects going beyond the machine. An essay in honour of gordon pask
Authors: Locker Alfred 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAbstract — The problem of cognition and of a system's description in general must be considered as a monologue when the observer abstains from admitting the object a rank equal to himself exerting, instead, a dominating attitude which only leads to models deliberately removed from the object. The way to a dialogue is opened up when two partners acknowledge each other and are ready to discuss a problem (or theme) by means of exchanging ideas. Conversation may be placed under the heading of dialogue when it can be shown that only the former, but not the latter, is executable by a machine, i.e. can be objectified. Dialogue exceeds, in principle, the possibilities of the machine in that (1) the subject is unrestrictedly involved and (2) language appears in such a way that it has to be accepted as gift (and cannot be handled as an instrument serving man's purpose). Thus, an inaccessible reality manifests itself, deserving to be named, properly, the word1
Pask as dramaturg
Authors: Pangaro Paul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAbstract ‐ “Drama” derives its meaning from the Greek “dran” [delta‐roe‐alpha‐nu], “to act, to do” and, in so many ways, Pask has always been about acting and the “dramatic”[1].When I say acting I do not want only to refer to Pask's performances ‐ lecturer, researcher, client‐dazzler, theatrical impresario or human being, all of which are intertwined and usually indistinguishable. When I say dramatic I do not want only to suggest an effective and memorable personality ‐ no one forgets Pask, though most profess (often disingenuously) that they “didn't understand him.” To remember him is to understand him, in so many important ways.No, standing before you I could convince you that the very core of his approach to human learning and performance is that of Dramaturg, the Maker of Drama. Here, in prose, I can only outline what in life is the indescribable experience of The Pask's work.
“Against reference”. “How I write the geometry of speaking in the archeology of an it”
Authors: Pedretti Annetta 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAbstract ‐ While cybernetic discussion has been much concerned to include the observer, it has done little to include this ‘observer’ as a writer and presenter of his theories. Since as writers we need at least to be conscious to be able to write, I take Gordon Pask's condition for observing, conversing and being conscious with an other in conversation, to consider how we are involved as writers, in writing with others. ‐ In writing “Against Reference”, I write with Gordon's ‘being conscious with’, Susan Sontag's ‘Against Interpretation’, Paul Feyerabend's ‘Against Method’ and Gordon Pask's “Against Conferences”.As writers we are involved in exchanges in the geometry of speaking in which you read and can potentially write with what I wrote. As such we are actively involved in the making of what we write. ‐ In writing “the making of what we write” I write with Gertrude Stein's ‘The Making of Americans’ and with the making (poiesis) in Maturana's ‘autopoiesis’. Similarly, in writing science we are inevitably involved in the making of science. ‐ If you read ‘the making of science’ as writing with Kuhn of a history of shifting paradigms, I can say that with everything we write, we actively write or re‐write a paradigm.Instead, the conventions for writing in scientific discourse “tacitly taken for granted by all participants in that discourse” maintain a paradigm' which relies on and endorses our writing in the passive voice. ‐ Grammar teaches that the passive inverts the object and the subject of an active sentence and introduces an ‘it’ and an ‘is’. What grammar, describing language from within the same paradigm as an ‘it’, cannot teach, is that writing in the passive voice we invert the geometry of speaking such that as writers we represent ourselves as though we were readers ('observers') of a text ('objects', ‘reality’) already written by some higher authority and to be treated as given. I call this paradigm for refering to the deeds of a higher authority, the paradigm of reference.I discuss particular consequences which hampered and brought to a virtual standstill the cybernetic discussions I care about (enough to spend most of my time developing formats which allow for writing with), and general consequences which amount to the undoing of science as a responsible pursuit, both in its own terms and in its contribution to our cultures at large.
Working with gordon developing and applying conversation theory (1968‐1978)
Authors: Scott Bernard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAbstract — Conversation Theory was conceived and developed by Gordon Pask in the days when he was Research Director of System Research Ltd, a non‐profit research organisation, founded in the 1950's. I worked with Gordon at System Research Ltd. between 1968 and 1978. Here, I give a personalised account of the development of Conversation Theory and its applications as I observed and participated in them during those years.Conversation Theory is reflexive: it explains the observer to himself. Being party to its development was a journey of self‐discovery and self‐invention in which Gordon was my guide and mentor. I have ordered my account chronologically; I have also tried to show how Conversation Theory evolved in a “boot‐strapping” manner as a tool and as an explanation of its own significance. Gordon, par excellence, knows how to foster creative conversation and “moments of excellence”.
Black holes, time bandits and the gentleman's code
Authors: Choudhury Ranjit Raja 
Published: July 2007

Abstract“As people grow older, the world they like to think of as dream, in contrast to the world they would like to think of as tangible reality, becomes dominant. As one fades, the other becomes more brightly illuminated. Quite unobtrusively one merges into the other, just as the smell of oranges, perceptible in the pantomime gallery, permeating the dress circle and penetrating even to the stalls bar, is apt to do so in the really‐real‐world of pantomime”.(Professor Gordon Pask from the “Adventures with Professor Flaxman‐Low”, 1992)
Adaptability theory as a guide for interfacing‐computers and human society
Authors: Conrad Michael 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHierarchical adaptability theory provides a tool for analyzing the mechanisms and processes that living systems use to survive in uncertain or unknown environments. Adaptability is based on the use of information about the environment to select from a repertoire of possible behaviors. The principle of biological compensation states that restrictions on one part of this repertoire (e.g. on genetic plasticity) must be compensated by expansions of other parts (e.g. neurobehavioral plasticity), by an increase in computing power, or by a decrease in niche space. The tradeoflprinciple asserts that programmability is incompatible with high evolutionary plasticity and efficient use of computational resources. Together these two principles imply that the increasing use of programmable computing power in modern societies can have an adaptability decreasing effect that would put humans in the position of disturbance‐absorbing homeostats for computers. Computers can benefit society, but whether they do so in any particular case depends on a sensitive respect for the tradeoffs elucidated by adaptability theory.
The non‐random nature of communication in psychotherapy
Authors: Badalamenti Anthony F. , Langs Robert J. , Cramer Gail 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe second‐by‐second behavior of the scores for patients and therapists on five quantified measures/dimensions of emotional communication used to characterize communicative vehicles was analyzed and compared to both theoretically random and simulated random data. Four criteria for randomness were developed, one distributional, two parametric and one entropic. Simulation was used to match the number of patient and therapist selections of combinations of the five variables across an entire session for parity in comparing simulated random data with actual psychotherapy data. In all cases, the significant statistical finding was that simulated random data meet the four criteria for randomness, while the actual patient and therapist psychotherapy data do not. We conclude that the vicissitudes of the items chosen for observation show non‐random configurations and that patient and therapist variations of their communicative vehicles reflect inherent properties of emotional expression. These results support the view that human behavior is innately structured and patterned, and may be scientifically studied for non‐random meanings and functions.
Quality Aspects of System Development Paradigms
Authors: Chroust Gerhard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAbstract ‐ Complex systems (e.g. software systems) can only be developed by a stepwise process. A major contributor to a product's quality is the quality of the process by which it is developed. Quality cannot be added to a product after it has been developed. Therefore quality assurance process is dependent on the development process and must be intimately intertwined with it. Furthermore the paradigms used for development will have a strong influence on the quality of the final product. In this paper we investigate how different development paradigms (from waterfall to object‐orientation) impact some key quality criteria: need satisfaction, error detection time, future orientation, and re‐usability.
Can system dynamics be theoretically improved, and if so, does it matter practically?
Authors: de Greene Kenyon B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSystem dynamics can be considered to be one of the great inventions in the study of societal systems. System dynamics represents a major break with the customary and still dominant approach to such study. Nevertheless, there are a number of important realworld behaviors of complex living systems that classical system dynamics cannot completely explain. System dynamics should be integrated with dissipative‐structure theory, synergetics, catastrophe theory, field theory, and chaos theory in order better to explain and to predict evolution, the different kinds of stability and instability, structural change and structural constancy, the different kinds of equilibrium situations, bifurcation, the emergence of collective behavior, and the qualitative meaning of information. Approaches toward the integration of theory are discussed. Model purpose is considered to be the primary factor in determining the required degree of theoretical precision in applied situations.
Expanding the horizon of information systems design
Authors: De Raadt J. D. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe introduction of information technology in society during the last 30 years has brought mixed results. There is evidence that the benefits to society may not outweigh the detrimental effects that have followed this technology. This is partly because its inclusion in the affairs of humanity has been guided by a mechanical and utilitarian world view that considers humanity as a mean of production and subject to industrial goals. This paper reverses this subjection and presents a framework that integrates information systems design with an overall system design approach and which makes machines the servant of humanity. The design approach is based on a combination of Dooyeweerd's theory of modalities and general systems theory.
The synaptic Wnt signaling hypothesis
Authors: Tang Shao‐Jun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe role of Wnt signaling in the formation of neural circuits has been well established. Here, I wish to propose a Wnt signaling cascade at the mature central synapse. The synaptic Wnt signaling may have important implications in regulation of brain functions. Synapse 61:866–868, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultra‐high frequency tribometer for reciprocating sliding motion
Authors: Spaltmann D. , Hartelt M. , Woydt M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel tribometer has been designed using commercially available components for sliding motion at 40kHz with amplitude between 2.5 and 5µm. The tribometer is equipped with means to measure amplitude, frequency, power required to keep the sample in motion and load applied. The effective motion between the two contacting bodies is monitored. These data are used to evaluate the coefficient of friction. The wear rate was determined after the tests. The set‐up was tested using novel, non‐commercial substrates such as AlFeCrTi‐alloys and tungsten carbide‐based coatings as well as Magnéli‐type coatings (Tin−2Cr2O2n−1 and TinO2n−1). This paper presents the principle of the ultra‐high frequency tribometer and first tribological quantities of materials and coatings tested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The C-type lectin L-SIGN differentially recognizes glycan antigens on egg glycosphingolipids and soluble egg glycoproteins from Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Meyer Sandra , Tefsen Boris , Imberty Anne , Geyer Rudolf , van Die Irma 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecognition of pathogen-derived carbohydrate constituents by antigen presenting cells is an important step in the induction of protective immunity. Here we investigated the interaction of L-SIGN (liver/lymph node specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin), a C-type lectin that functions as antigen receptor on human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, with egg-derived glycan antigens of the parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni. Our data demonstrate that L-SIGN binds both schistosomal soluble egg antigens (SEA) and egg glycosphingolipids, and can mediate internalization of SEA by L-SIGN expressing cells. Binding and internalization of SEA was strongly reduced after treatment of SEA with endoglycosidase H, whereas defucosylation affected neither binding nor internalization. These data indicate that L-SIGN predominantly interacts with oligomannosidic N-glycans of SEA. In contrast, binding to egg glycosphingolipids was completely abolished after defucosylation. Our data show that L-SIGN binds to a glycosphingolipid fraction containing fucosylated species with compositions of Hex1HexNAc5−7dHex3−6Cer, as evidenced by mass spectrometry. The L-SIGN “gain of function” mutant Ser363Val, which binds fucosylated Lewis antigens, did not bind to this fucosylated egg glycosphingolipid fraction, suggesting that L-SIGN displays different modes in binding fucoses of egg glycosphingolipids and Lewis antigens, respectively. Molecular modeling studies indicate that the preferred binding mode of L-SIGN to the respective fucosylated egg glycosphingolipid oligosaccharides involves a Fucα1-3GalNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc tetrasaccharide at the nonreducing end. In conclusion, our data indicate that L-SIGN recognizes both oligomannosidic N-glycans and multiply fucosylated carbohydrate motifs within Schistosoma egg antigens, which demonstrates that L-SIGN has a broad but specific glycan recognition profile.
Assessment of leaf cover and crop soil cover in weed harrowing research using digital images
Authors: RASMUSSEN J , NØRREMARK M , BIBBY BM 
Published: July 2007

SummaryObjective assessment of crop soil cover, defined as the percentage of leaf cover that has been buried in soil because of weed harrowing, is crucial to further progress in post‐emergence weed harrowing research. Up to now, crop soil cover has been assessed by visual scores, which are biased and context‐dependent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether digital image analysis is a feasible method to estimate crop soil cover in the early growth stages of cereals. Two main questions were examined: (i) how to capture suitable digital images under field conditions with a standard high‐resolution digital camera and (ii) how to analyse the images with an automated digital image analysis procedure. The importance of light conditions, camera angle, size of recorded area, growth stage and direction of harrowing were investigated, in order to establish a standard for image capture and an automated image analysis procedure based on the excess green colour index was developed. The study shows that the automated digital image analysis procedure provided reliable estimations of leaf cover, defined as the proportion of pixels in digital images determined to be green, which were used to estimate crop soil cover. A standard for image capture is suggested and it is recommended that digital image analysis be used to estimate crop soil cover in future research. The prospects of using digital image analysis in future weed harrowing research are discussed.