bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of administration of a controlled-release monensin capsule on incidence of calving-related disorders, fertility, and milk yield in dairy cows
Authors: Melendez Pedro , Goff Jesse P. , Risco Carlos A. , Archbald Louis F. , Littell Ramon C. , Donovan G. Arthur 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of a controlled-release monensin capsule administered at cessation of lactation on incidence of calving-related disorders, fertility, and milk yield in dairy cows.
Animals—290 dairy cows treated with monensin and 290 untreated control cows.
Procedure—Treated cows received a capsule that released monensin at 335 mg/d for 95 days. Incidence of calving-related disorders; daily milk yield up to 20 days postpartum; test-day milk yield, fat, protein, and mature-equivalent 305-day milk production; and body condition score at calving were determined. Reproductive variables were conception rate at first service, pregnancy rate, and calving-to-conception interval.
Results—Cows treated with monensin were 2.1 times as likely to develop dystocia and 0.8 times as likely to develop metritis as control cows. For milk yield, there was an interaction of treatment ×time ×parity. In multiparous cows, monensin significantly improved milk yield at test days 4 and 7. In addition, monensin increased body condition score at calving.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Despite increasing the likelihood of developing dystocia and metritis, administration of monensin improved the lactational performance of multiparous cows and may be a promising additive for use at the time of cessation of lactation.
Veterinarian-client-patient communication patterns used during clinical appointments in companion animal practice
Authors: Shaw Jane R. , Bonnett Brenda N. , Adams Cindy L. , Roter Debra L. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To identify communication patterns used by veterinarians during clinical appointments in companion animal practice.
Design—Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Sample Population—A random sample of 50 companion animal practitioners in southern Ontario and a convenience sample of 300 clients and their pets.
Procedure—For each practitioner, 6 clinical appointments (3 wellness appointments and 3 appointments related to a health problem) were videotaped. The Roter interaction analysis system was used to analyze the resulting 300 videotapes, and cluster analysis was used to identify veterinarian communication patterns.
Results—175 (58%) appointments were classified as having a biomedical communication pattern, and 125 (42%) were classified as having a biolifestyle-social communication pattern. None were classified as having a consumerist communication pattern. Twentythree (46%) veterinarians were classified as using a predominantly biomedical communication pattern, 19 (38%) were classified as using a mixed communication pattern, and 8 (16%) were classified as using a predominantly biolifestyle-social communication pattern. Pattern use was related to the type of appointment. Overall, 103 (69%) wellness appointments were classified as biolifestyle-social and 127 (85%) problem appointments were classified as biomedical. Appointments with a biomedical communication pattern (mean, 11.98 minutes) were significantly longer than appointments with a biolifestyle-social communication pattern (10.43 minutes). Median relationship-centered care score (ie, the ratio of client-centered talk to veterinarian-centered talk) was significantly higher during appointments with a biolifestyle-social communication pattern (1.10) than during appointments with a biomedical communication pattern (0.40).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that veterinarians in companion animal practice use 2 distinct patterns of communication. Communication pattern was associated with duration of visit, type of appointment, and relationship-centeredness. Recognition of these communication patterns has implications for veterinary training and client and patient outcomes.
Use of computed tomography for evaluation of lung lesions associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 12 cases (1999–2002)
Authors: Au Jennifer J. , Weisman Debra L. , Stefanacci Joseph D. , Palmisano Matthew P. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate use of computed tomography (CT) of the lungs, compared with conventional radiography, for detection of blebs and bullae associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—12 dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax.
Procedure—Medical records were reviewed, and information was collected that included signalment, body weight, initial owner complaint, laboratory findings, radiographic findings, CT findings, medical and surgical treatment, histologic findings, complications, duration of hospitalization, and final outcome.
Results—Radiographs were excellent for identifying pneumothorax (sensitivity, 100%) but poor for identifying the underlying cause (bullae or blebs); these were identified in radiographs of only 2 of 12 dogs. Computed tomography allowed identification of bullae or blebs in 9 of 12 dogs. Ten of the 12 dogs were treated via surgery, and 17 affected lung lobes were identified. Four of the 17 affected lobes were identified via radiography. Thirteen of the 17 affected lobes were identified via CT; however, 1 lobe was incorrectly identified as the right caudal lobe instead of the right cranial lobe.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that CT is better than radiography for identifying the underlying causes of spontaneous pneumothorax.
Renal transplantation in cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis: 19 cases (1997–2004)
Authors: Aronson Lillian R. , Kyles Andrew E. , Preston Alicia , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Gregory Clare R. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine outcome of renal transplantation in cats with renal failure associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—19 cats.
Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for evaluation of signalment, preoperative clinical signs, physical examination results, dietary history, clinicopathologic data, abdominal imaging, postoperative diet, complications, and long-term outcome.
Results—The domestic shorthair was the most common breed represented. There were 13 spayed females and 7 castrated males. Mean age was 6.8 years. Clinical signs included weight loss, lethargy, vomiting, anorexia, polyuria, and polydipsia. Before surgery, cats received commercially available canned or dry food (n = 10), a prescription renal failure diet (5), a commercial diet to manage struvite crystalluria (1), or an unknown diet (3). Seventeen cats were anemic. All cats were azotemic. Hypercalcemia was detected in 7 cats. Abdominal imaging revealed nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, or both in all cats. Median duration of survival of all cats was 605 days. Eight cats were alive 282 to 2,005 days (median, 1,305 days) after surgery. Eleven cats died 2 to 1,197 days (median, 300 days) after surgery. Five cats formed calculi in their allograft (120 to 665 days). Two of the 5 cats that formed calculi were hypercalcemic. Four of the 5 cats died following complications associated with formation of calculi.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Renal transplantation appears to be a viable option for cats in renal failure secondary to calcium oxalate urolithiasis. In addition to reported complications in renal transplant recipients, formation of calculi within the allograft may also occur.
Molecular characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates from horses in an intensive care unit and association of disease severity with strain type
Authors: Magdesian K. Gary , Dujowich Mauricio , Madigan John E. , Hansen Lori M. , Hirsh Dwight C. , Jang Spencer S. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine molecular characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and toxigenicity of Clostridium difficile isolates from horses in an intensive care unit and evaluate associations among severity of clinical disease with specific strains of C difficile.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—130 horses.
Procedures—Feces were collected from horses admitted for acute gastrointestinal tract disease with loose feces and submitted for microbial culture and immunoassay for toxin production. Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed on isolates for toxins A and B genes and strain identification.
Results—Isolates were grouped into 3 strains (A, B, and C) on the basis of molecular banding patterns. Toxins A and B gene sequences were detected in 93%, 95%, and 73% of isolates of strains A, B, and C, respectively. Results of fecal immunoassays for toxin A were positive in 40%, 63%, and 16% of horses with strains A, B, and C, respectively. Isolates in strain B were resistant to metronidazole. Horses infected with strain B were 10 times as likely to have been treated with metronidazole prior to the onset of diarrhea as horses infected with other strains. Duration from onset of diarrhea to discharge (among survivors) was longer, systemic inflammatory response syndromes were more pronounced, and mortality rate was higher in horses infected with strain B than those infected with strains A and C combined.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses may be infected with a number of heterogeneous isolates of C difficile. Results indicated that toxigenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates vary and that metronidazole-resistant strains may be associated with severe disease.
Pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure in an adult llama with hepatic disease
Authors: Middleton John R. , Chigerwe Munashe , Fine Deborah M. , Turk James R. , Lattimer Jimmy C. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 13-year-old llama was examined because of lethargy, inappetence, and syncope.
Clinical Findings—Physical examination revealed muffled heart and lung sounds and peripheral edema. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included lymphopenia, hyperglycemia, prerenal azotemia, mild hyponatremia, mild hypoalbuminemia, and high γ-glutamyltransferase and creatine kinase activities. On ultrasonography, the liver appeared hyperechoic and ascites and pleural effusion were seen. Echocardiography revealed severe dilatation of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery; severe tricuspid regurgitation; and high right ventricular systolic pressure consistent with right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension.
Treatment and Outcome—Treatment with furosemide was attempted, but because of failing health, the llama was euthanized 4 weeks later. Macronodular cirrhosis of the liver, glomerulonephritis, and intimal fibrosis and medial hypertrophy of muscular pulmonary arteries were seen on histologic examination of postmortem specimens.
Clinical Relevance—Findings in this case were similar to those reported for human patients with portopulmonary hypertension secondary to hepatic cirrhosis. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to hepatic disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right-sided heart failure.
Cover Picture: A Micropatterned Hydrogel Platform for Chemical Synthesis and Biological Analysis (Adv. Mater. 5/2006)
Authors: Zourob M. , Gough J. E. , Ulijn R. V. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA polymer hydrogel platform for peptide arrays compatible with both solid‐phase peptide synthesis conditions and the aqueous environment essential for biological assays is reported on p. 655 by Ulijn and co‐workers. Micropatterning followed by multiple‐step peptide synthesis produces the peptide‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)–polyamide “biochips” shown schematically on the cover. On‐chip biological assays involving cells and enzymes provide proof‐of‐concept.
Palladium/Magnesium‐Lanthanum Mixed Oxide Catalyst in the Heck Reaction
Authors: Cwik Agnieszka , Hell Zoltán , Figueras François 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA new, reusable palladium/magnesium‐lanthanum mixed oxide catalyst has been found to exhibit unprecedented high catalytic activity and selectivity for the heterogeneous Heck cross‐coupling reaction of aryl halides with alkenes. The nature of the aryl halides has a determinate effect on the reaction yield. The corresponding reactions of a wide range of activated and non‐activated aryl bromides and chlorides furnished the arylated product with high E/Z isomer ratios even already at 80 °C. The stereoselectivity depended on the nature of the olefins.
Metal‐Free Chemoselective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides by Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by in situ Generated Dodecyl Hydrogen Sulfate in the Absence of Organic Co‐Solvents
Authors: Firouzabadi H. , Iranpoor N. , Jafari A. A. , Riazymontazer E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe mild oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with an aqueous solution of H2O2 (35%) catalyzed by in situ generated dodecyl hydrogen sulfate as Brønsted acid surfactant in the absence of any organic co‐solvents and under metal‐free conditions is described. The method shows high chemoselectivity and the process is highly green for solid sulfoxides which crystallize out immediately after their formation from the reaction mixture. Liquid sulfoxides can be isolated under high vacuum by bulb‐to‐bulb distillation or by extraction with Et2O or EtOAc. Yields of the products are excellent.
Air‐Stable, Phosphine‐Free Anionic Palladacyclopentadienyl Catalysts: Remarkable Halide and Pseudohalide Effects in Stille Coupling
Authors: Crawforth Catherine M. , Fairlamb Ian J. S. , Kapdi Anant R. , Serrano José Luis , Taylor Richard J. K. , Sanchez Gregorio 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe Stille cross‐coupling of allylic and benzyl bromides is shown to proceed efficiently using phosphine‐free dinuclear anionic palladacyclopentadienyl catalysts possessing bridging (N,O)‐imidate ligands. The type of bridging anion influences the catalytic activity considerably. Halide anions such as chloride, bromide or iodide also influence the catalytic activity but to a far lesser extent than the pseudohalide imidate anions (from succinimide or phthalimide). A Baldwin‐type cooperative effect is seen with 7a using CuI as a co‐catalyst, in the presence of two equivalents of CsF in DMF at 40 °C. In toluene, these additives slow down substrate turnover.
Application of Tridentate Bis(oxazoline) Ligands in Catalytic Asymmetric Nozaki–Hiyama Allylation and Crotylation: An Example of High Enantioselection with a Non‐Symmetric Bis(oxazoline) Ligand
Authors: McManus Helen A. , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Guiry Patrick J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA series of both symmetric and non‐symmetric bis(oxazoline) ligands was applied in the Nozaki–Hiyama allylation and crotylation of benzaldehyde. It was found that both the magnitude and sense of the asymmetric induction depended strongly on the nature and combination of the oxazoline substituents. For both reactions, the non‐symmetric tert‐butyl/benzyl‐substituted ligand proved to be the optimal ligand and was applied successfully in the allylation and crotylation of a range of aryl and aliphatic aldehydes. The enantioselectivities obtained in allylation were up to 91% ee and in crotylation up to 92% with typical syn:anti ratios of up to 80 : 20.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution over Cinchona‐Modified Platinum Catalyst: Hydrogenation of Racemic Ethyl 2‐Fluoroacetoacetate
Authors: Szőri Kornél , Szöllősi György , Bartók Mihály 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe enantioselective hydrogenation over a Cinchona alkaloid‐modified supported platinum catalyst and parallel spontaneous racemization under the reaction conditions of the unreacted enantiomer of ethyl 2‐fluoroacetoacetate are described. Using the appropriate reaction conditions an 82% enantiomeric excess in favor of the (2S,3R)‐ethyl 2‐fluoro‐3‐hydroxybutanoate and a 99/1 threo/erythro ratio were obtained. This novel method for producing optically enriched α‐fluoro‐β‐hydroxy esters is the first example of dynamic kinetic resolution of a chirally labile racemic fluorinated compound over a modified heterogeneous metal catalyst carried out without using supplementary additives except the chiral modifier. The hydrogenation described here shows that the activation of the keto group of acetoacetates by one fluorine atom in the α position is also sufficient for obtaining high enantiomeric excess in the Orito reaction.
Small Peptide‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Ketones to Nitroolefins
Authors: Xu Yongmei , Zou Weibiao , Sundén Henrik , Ibrahem Ismail , Córdova Armando 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe direct small peptide‐catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition of ketones to nitroolefins is presented. Simple di‐ and tripeptides derived from alanine catalyze the asymmetric Michael additions with high stereoselectivity and furnish the corresponding Michael products in high yield with up to 68 : 1 dr and 98% ee. The study demonstrates that small, readily prepared peptides with increased structural complexity as compared to the parent amino acid mediate the asymmetric Michael reaction with superior reactivity and enantioselectivity.
The High Yield Synthesis of Benzaldehydes from Benzylic Alcohols using Homogeneously Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation in Acetic Acid
Authors: Partenheimer Walt 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe kinetics and yields for the formation of benzaldehydes from benzylic alcohols via aerobic oxidation using homogeneous catalysts in acetic acid are reported. For compounds of the type X‐C6H4CH2OH where X=H, 4‐CH3, 4‐OCH3, 4‐Cl, 4‐COOH the observed yields were 84, 78, 57, 88 and 52 mol %, respectively. These yields are comparable to those reported for the stoichiometric Co(III)/Br oxidation of these same benzylic alcohols. These results are limited to benzylic alcohols. The high yields are possible for two reasons: 1) the rate of reaction exhibits two maxima in which the benzaldehyde is predominately being generated in the first phase and the carboxylic acid in the second and 2) the competing esterification of the benzylic alcohol with the acetic acid solvent is an order of magnitude slower. A variety of other catalysts were also evaluated which give lower yields mainly because they are less active and the competing esterification reaction becomes more important. Water addition to the acetic acid increased the rate of acetylation of the alcohol, contrary to expectation. The oxidation of the benzaldehyde appears to be inhibited by the presence of the benzylic alcohol. Even though the rate of oxidation of the benzaldehyde, by itself, is equally reactive as the benzylic alcohol, the benzaldehyde does not significantly react until the benzylic alcohol concentration is very low. Two possible reasons, using a free‐radical chain mechanism, are suggested to explain this behavior. A mechanism demonstrating why the stoichiometric and catalytic reactions give similar yields is given.
A One‐Pot Enantioselective Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Amino Acids in Water
Authors: Simons Chrétien , Hanefeld Ulf , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Maschmeyer Thomas , Sheldon Roger A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe combination of immobilised Rh‐MonoPhos (1‐AlTUD‐1) and acylase I afforded a chemo‐enzymatic, one‐pot process for the enantioselective synthesis of amino acids in water, without the need for isolation of intermediates. In addition, the enzymatic hydrolysis increases the enantiopurity of the product from 95% ee to >98% ee. Compatibility studies revealed that for optimum results compartmentalisation of the catalysts is required.
Enantioselective Cyanosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed by a Nitrogen‐Containing Bifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Xiong Yan , Huang Xiao , Gou Shaohua , Huang Jinglun , Wen Yuehong , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn efficient and optically active, bifunctional tetraaza ligand (2S)‐N‐{(1R,2R)‐2‐[(S)‐pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxamido]‐1,2‐diphenylethyl}pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxamide has been developed for the addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) to ketones. The bifunctional catalyst system based on a monometallic titanium complex was found to be a highly enantioselective catalyst to provide O‐TMS cyanohydrins with up to 94% ee. A possible transition state has been proposed to explain the origin of the activation and asymmetric inductivity.
Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Unfunctionalised Olefins using Silica, LDH and Resin‐Supported Sulfonato‐Mn(salen) Complex
Authors: Choudary B. M. , Ramani Thekkathu , Maheswaran H. , Prashant Leon , Ranganath K. V. S. , Kumar K. Vijay 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSulfonated chiral Mn(salen) catalyst immobilised onto various supports such as silica, LDH and resin afforded remarkably higher rates and ees of up to 96% for the asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalised olefins. The LDH and resin supported (R,R)‐1 catalysts were recovered quantitatively by simple filtration and reused for several times with consistent ees and insignificant loss of activity.
Asymmetric Addition of Phenylacetylene to Aldehydes Catalyzed by β‐Sulfonamide Alcohol‐Titanium Complex
Authors: Xu Zhaoqing , Lin Li , Xu Jiangke , Yan Wenjin , Wang Rui 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA series of β‐sulfonamide alcohol ligands were synthesized from L‐phenylalanine. Titanium complexes of these compounds were used to catalyze the asymmetric addition of phenylacetylene to a number of aldehydes. When the conditions were optimized, 20 mol % of ligand 8a catalyzed the reaction with high enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee) and good yield (up to 92%). When a small amount of MeOH was added to the reaction as a modifier, as little as 5 mol % of ligand was required to efficiently catalyze the reaction under very mild conditions, resulting in an ee of up to 99% and good yield.
Exploration of hydrogen production in a membrane reformer
Authors: Feng Wei , Tan Tianwei , Ji Peijun , Zheng Danxing 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAuto‐thermal reforming (ATR) is one of the key technologies to produce hydrogen from natural gas. Applying an H2 membrane to an ATR reactor can simplify the process for pure hydrogen production, and in the meantime can promote methane conversion into hydrogen. Although it is a promising approach and has a great potential application in the future, it is still in an early stage of development. The objective of this work is to systematically study the factors affecting the pure hydrogen production and the thermodynamic efficiency of the integrated process containing an H2‐membrane ATR reactor. The study has been accomplished by the simulation of the H2‐membrane ATR reactor and the thermodynamic analysis of the process. The simulation work is based on the kinetics of the reactions and the mechanisms of membrane permeation. The effects of factors including the flowing mode of sweeping gas, the rate of sweeping gas, the inlet rate of CH4, and the inlet ratio of CH4 to H2O, on the production rate of separated H2, on the driving force of hydrogen permeation, and on the thermodynamic efficiency of the integrated process have been explored. The results will have a significant contribution to the design of an H2‐membrane ATR reactor and an integrated process for pure hydrogen production. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006