bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NCCD Research Review : Crime and the Mass Media: a Selective Review of Research
Authors: Garofalo James 
Published: March 2007

The mass media are pervasive in the United States, and accusations about the media's role in eliciting deviant behaviors are common. Yet criminologists have paid scant attention to the media in their theories and research. There is, however, a body of research conducted by psychologists, political scientists, and sociologists that bears, directly or indirectly, on the issues of crime and justice. This article draws on that research in reviewing the major findings on a selected set of topics. In general, the available research shows that crime is a relatively staple topic in the media's news and entertainment presentations. The amount of crime depicted has little relationship to the amount of crime occurring, and violent crimes are high ly overrepresented by the media. The effects of these distorted portrayals on public attitudes and beliefs are unclear because conflicting research results have emerged. On the other hand, the research strongly supports the notion that the viewing of violence increases the probability of behaving aggressively. The review concludes with several broad suggestions for media-related research that would be relevant to issues in criminology and crimincel justice.
The Delivery of Eap Courses Within the Changing Linguistic Landscape of Hong Kong: a Time for Reassessment
Authors: Dan Lu  , Julien Richard 
Published: March 2007

Efforts to make EAP courses more effective and pedagogically enriched have a long pedigree. While there is much research concerning various aspects of this branch, there is little consensus on which kinds of programs can guarantee a high degree of language proficiency. The twin purposes of this paper are to review some of the contemporary research findings in relation to the general linguistic expectations and outcomes of EAP courses in Hong Kong, as well as to examine the applicability of some of the field-tested experiences in the Hong Kong context. Concretely, the study reveals that EAP courses in Hong Kong are a hybrid of general ESL and EAP programs. Owing to the students, insufficient oracy skills, one training focus is to upgrade their listening and speaking competence. Hence, there is a cogent argument that the training of basic language skills should receive priority in general EAP courses. Although team-teaching between language instructors and subject teachers may be a desirable model for teaching, it is of limited use in Hong Kong for various reasons. Flowing from the research, some teaching strategies are examined, which include the use of a variety of general sources rather than the use of subject-specific materials, integrating field observation with the analysis of student needs.
The Appropriacy of Group Activities: Views From Some Southeast Asian Second Language Educators
Authors: Jacobs George M , Ratmanida  
Published: March 2007

Group activities developed in Western countries have been advocated for use in foreign and second language learning internationally. This article reports the views of 31 second language educators from six Southeast Asian countries (Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) on the appropriateness of group activities in their own educational contexts. Background is provided on the six countries and relevant previous scholarship is reviewed. Data were collected via questionnaires and interviews. Some of the participants also took part in the data analysis. Results showed that these Southeast Asian second language educators feel group activities are appropriate to their contexts and that they are already making use of groups in their teaching. Key problems cited in using groups were low motivation, significant variation in proficiency levels, and large classes. These problems are discussed. The recommendation is made that the literatures on cooperative learning and task-based language teaching may provide insights into methods of increasing the effectiveness of group activities, while at the same time, educators will want to use their own local knowledge to adapt group methods to fit their particular contexts.
The role of the Anglican clergyman
Authors: Bocock Robert J. 
Published: March 2007

Les problèmes posés par le rôle du pasteur anglican en Angleterre sont analysés en fonction des changements qui se sont manifestés à tous les niveaux de la société. L'article se réfère en particulier à l'application des sciences sociales au service social et au rôle de conseiller social. Il applique les critères d'instrumentalité d'une action sociale de la société globale actuelle au rôle du pasteur. En second lieu, ce rôle est analysé en fonction des pro blèmes qui se posent à l'Eglise d'Angleterre du fait de son manque rclatif d'unanimité en ce qui concerne la nature théo logique de l'Eglise, la place du sacerdoce ou du ministère et du fait qu'il s'agit d'une Eglise d'Etat. Enfin, en troisième lieu, l'auteur analyse les attentes des personnes de la communauté locale concernant le rôle du prêtre dans la paroisse, attentes qui peuvent être en conflit avec la définition du rôle qu'en a le pasteur ou qu'il a en fait intériorisée.
Permanence and Change in the Religious Dimensions of an Intellectual Elite
Authors: Macdonell Allan J. , Campbell Douglas F. 
Published: March 2007

Les auteurs présentent les résultats d'une enquête étudiant l'incidence de la pratique intellectuelle sur l'orientation reli gieuse. Un questionnaire de 23 items, soumis à un échantillon de 547 intellectuels, membres de la Société Royale du Canada (Royal Society of Canada), a fourni l'instrument de l'étude. Les auteurs y avaient utilisé les cinq dimensions religieuses de Glock (idéologie, ritualisme, expérience, pratique et dimension intellectuelle) ; en outre, une partie du questionnaire permettait la construction d'un indicateur global. Les résultats se basent sur les 240 réponses qu'il a été pos sible d'analyser (257 sujets avaient répondu). Globalement, il apparait que les intellectuels ont une dimension religieuse rela tivement faible ; cependant, les variations sont sensibles selon les groupes professionnels ou les appartenances religieuses. Ainsi les catholiques semblent plus attachés que les protestants à la religion ; pour tous les groupes, la dimension idéologique est sensiblement plus importante que l'expérience. Le détache ment de la religion est plus fréquent pour ceux qui pratiquaient avant leurs études; l'évolution inverse est plus rare. Dans leurs conclusions, les auteurs soulignent que la disci pline intellectuelle pratiquée n'a d'incidence sur le changement religieux qu'en fonction de la première socialisation. Si une tension est visible entre la pratique intellectuelle et les valeurs religieuses, l'adaptation reste néanmoins possible.
Images of God and Man in a Catholic Charismatic Renewal Community
Authors: Hegy Pierre 
Published: March 2007

Cet article présente les résultats d'une enquête par obser vation participante et par interviews réalisée au sein d'une communauté charismatique catholique aux Etats-Unis. La question centrale posée par l'Auteur est de savoir si les images de Dieu véhiculées dans de telles communautés sont susceptibles de contribuer à une réforme religieuse en pro fondeur. A cette fin, l'Auteur fait appel à une conception psycho- sociale du changement religieux selon laquelle de nouvelles images de Dieu sont toujours et nécessairement reliées à des images spécifiques de l'homme et vice versa. Sur base de son enquête, l'Auteur est amené à constater que la communauté observée véhicule certaines images nou velles de l'homme, mais sans que ces dernières se trouvent traduites dans les comportements des adhérents ou des mem bres du staff, ni dans le fonctionnement global de la com munauté. Utilisant alors la distinction entre dévotion et réforme et estimant que des actes individuels de dévotion ne peuvent générer une réforme générale que lorsque ces derniers sont appuyés sur une philosophie dynamique, l'Auteur en arrive à la conclusion que le mouvement charismatique risque bien de ne déboucher à long terme que sur un nouveu système de dévotions.
Religion as a Factor in the Adjustment of Immigrants : the case of the Tokelau Island Community in the Wellingston Area (New Zealand)
Authors: Boardman David W. 
Published: March 2007

Les résultats de la recherche de l'Auteur de cet article confirment pleinement la thèse de M. Gordon (1964) selon laquelle il faut opérer une distinction radicale entre intégration culturelle et intégration structurelle des migrants dans les sociétés d'arrivée. L'auteur montre aussi l'importance que revêt l'affiliation religieuse dans la vie des groupes immigrés ainsi que le fait que la nature et le type d'institution religieuse à laquelle s'affilie le migrant peut avoir une importance con sidérable pour promouvoir ou freiner son adaptation dans la société d'arrivée. Cette recherche apporte ainsi une contribution au débat à propos du caractère relevant ou irrelevant de la religion dans le processus d'adaptation des migrants. Elle le fait à partir d'un matériel empirique mais en allant plus loin que la simple description.
Charisme et réforme sociale en Inde
Authors: Faure Guy-Olivier 
Published: March 2007

The article "Charisma and social reform in India" describes the action of one man on the indian rural milieu. A disciple of Ghandi, he is at the origin of a mass movement affecting many millions of peasants. Under his impetus and under the sign of non-violence, the villages undergo considerable transformations, in the social, moral, legal and economic domains. The author analyses this action, which he studied in the field, using sociological concepts such as charisma, asceticism and pro test. He then gives his ideas on the concept of charisma, fitting into a post-weberian approach.
Evaluation of the Yarn Properties of a High- Strength Interspecies Cotton
Authors: Brown John J. , Howell Nathaniel A. , Fiori Louis A. , Sands Jack E. , Little Herschel W. 
Published: March 2007

The reported results compare the yarn properties of a high-strength (11.5 Pressley Index) Interspecies cotton with those of five other cottons having a comparatively wide range of fiber properties. The cottons were processed alike on conventional processing equipment into 18/1, 36/1, and 72/1 carded yarns using a range of twist multipliers from 2.75 to 5.75. The sliver and roving made from each cotton were measured for uniformity and the yarns were tested for uniformity, appearance, and strength. It was found that yarns made front the Interspecies cotton were as strong as those made from the much longer and finer Karnak cotton and stronger than those made from the other cottons. The Interspecies and Karnak yarns were about equal in uniformity with both being more uniform than the other control yarns. A limited statistical analysis of yarn breaking strength data indicated that fiber strength is more important to yarn strength than either fiber fineness or length.
Cartographic Convulsions
Authors: COOLE DIANA 
Published: March 2007

I think it is at least empirically arguable that our daily life, our psychic experience, our cultural languages, are today dominated by categories of space rather than by categories of time. Fredric Jameson The joyous disturbance of certain women's movements, and of some women in particular, has actually brought with it the chance for a certain risky turbulence in the assigning of places within our small European space.... Is one then going to start all over again making maps, topographies, etc.? distributing sexual identity cards? Jacques Derrida We are dealing with an imaginary cartography, which projects onto the real landscape its own shadowy ideological antagonisms, in the same way that the conversion-symptoms of the hysterical subject in Freud project onto the physical body the map of another, imaginary anatomy. Slavoj Zizek
The New Right and Social Policy
Authors: Taylor-Gooby Peter 
Published: March 2007

How far does the present government's social policy represent the practical politics of the radical right? While some aspects of policy can be interpreted as the expression of the doctrines of new right political economists, other aspects display strong continuities with the practice of previous govern ments. The distinctive nature of the new right is most clearly displayed in political rhetoric and in qualitative aspects of policy. Electoral success sets the seal on a shift in political debate that has taken place through the seventies. The phenomenon of the growth of right-wing politics has been analysed at two levels: the structural level of the functional imperatives of the developing crisis of capitalism and the superstructural level of the capacity of ruling groups to construct the appropriate mass ideology — authoritarian populism. It is argued that any materialist account must attempt to link these two levels. The genesis of currents in popular con sciousness is of crucial importance to political shifts in democratic societies. It is suggested that the ideological basis to the trend to the right is both a lack of apprehension of solidaristic class interest and a growing conscious ness that available collective forms, like the welfare state, fail to serve perceived individual interests. The lived experience of state welfare has tended to make the individualism expressed in the new right plausible to many people.
A new deal for the mentally ill: Progress or propaganda?
Authors: Chapman Tom , Goodwin Simon , Hennelly Rick 
Published: March 2007

Since the late 1950s, successive British government's have embraced the philosophy of caring for dependent groups in the community in prefer ence to institutions. Yet through this period it has become commonplace for social policy analysts to deride the gap between political and profes sional rhetoric, and the lived experiences of the users of services and informal carers.The policy has become characterised as by the communority, and not care in the community (Walker, 1982). After much prevarication, the present govermment has provided a policy framework which purports to offer the prospect of a better deal for those who need care, and their carers. This paper axamines the adequacy of this policy framework, and argues that serious faiging exist withine it. Unwar ranted assumptions, contradictory policy aims, and substantial amissions characterise the most recent attempt to improve communty care policy. Based on this analysis, we argue that a radical; historically based, review of recent develppments of the mental health services is urgently required.
Just Before the Fall
Authors: Sciortino Giuseppe 
Published: March 2007

The article tries to develop a better understanding of the role of discursive formations in the establishment of a nationalist claim. Nationalist discourses are defined as a distinctive subset of those discursive practices directed to transform, through the drawing of a boundary, a given audience in a solidary community, characterized by an internal, socially constructed similarity and by an external, socially constructed difference. It is argued that such a cultural approach may also help clarify some controversial issues in the sociology of nationalism, such as the meaning of the frequently made distinctions between `ethnic' and `civic' nationalism. It is argued that, while useful in identifying two crucial rhetorical resources, such distinction is troublesome when applied to nationalist actors. The empirical focus of the article is an analysis of a sample of articles published in the main Italian newspapers about the secessionist campaign of the Northern League in 1996. An analysis of their contents makes it possible to highlight the plurality of discursive strategies employed by social actors in order to advocate or oppose a nationalist claim. It is shown how all the actors involved adopt rhetorical themes belonging both to `ethnic' and `civic' templates.
Developing Marketing Professionals: What can Business Schools Learn?
Authors: Cunningham Anthony C. 
Published: March 2007

If business schools were required to provide graduates with the ability to manage instead of ensuring that they just know about management, then curriculum design in the business schools would emulate veterinary or medical schools, rather than schools of economics or history, as they do now. This article describes an attempt to address the issue of appropriate teaching methods and pedagogy in a marketing curriculum of a business school.
The Public Interest and Administrative Discretion
Authors: Barth Thomas J. 
Published: March 2007

The public interest is a much neglected concept that has powerful symbolic and instrumental value. Building on the work of Goodsell, this article provides a framework to examine the degree to which a policy or program is in the public interest. This research presents four cases that illustrate how serving the public interest in a democracy requires ongoing concern with not only what is done but also with how it is done. Furthermore, the cases demonstrate that public administrators can heavily influence the degree to which a policy or program is in the public interest.
Still not Developing after all these Years? The Intra-Organizational Role of Public Personnel Departments
Authors: Straus Stephen K. 
Published: March 2007

According to prominent but dated research, public personnel departments do not effectively serve the needs of intraorganizational stakeholders, such as management, supervisors, and employees. Researchers have found that stakeholders, facing high public demands for service but constrained by limited revenues, want help from their personnel departments to improve performance. Personnel departments, however, remain too entrenched in their traditional oversight role to respond to these demands effectively. However, such research is quite dated-it was conducted more than ten years ago, and more recent research in the private sector and methodological considerations suggest that those findings may no longer be, if they ever were, accurate. Meanwhile, revenue constraints and service demands have intensified, and public service employment is undergoing fundamental changes, making the role of the personnel department in meeting stakeholder demands more critical. Relying on a quantitative analysis of 26 North Carolina county personnel departments, this paper finds that previous depictions of stakeholder demands may be inaccurate. Furthermore, it suggests that personnel departments are more responsive to those demands than has heretofore been found but that the stakeholders are not oriented to improving organizational performance.
Measuring Productivity in Federal Agencies: Does Total Quality Management Make a Difference?
Authors: Mani Bonnie G. 
Published: March 2007

In the 1980s, during the Reagan and Bush administrations, many federal agencies embarked on journeys toward Total Quality Management. The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 then shifted the focus of federal agencies to "reinventing" government. Are these events evidence that management is faddish? Is TQM a fad whose time has passed? Is there any difference between agencies that did implement TQM and those that did not? Is it time to abandon TQM? A case study of TQM implementation in the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) analyzed the effects of TQM in an agency that is continuing that emphasis (Mani, 1995). This paper expands the IRS case study by adding an analysis of data from other federal agencies. The Federal Productivity Measurement System (FPMS), administered through the U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, reports the results of approximately 2,500 output indicators. I analyze these data, provided by individual agencies and agencies' assessments of their own efforts to implement TQM, to identify relationships between TQM implementation and federal productivity.
ControlShell: A Software Architecture for Complex Electromechanical Systems
Authors: Schneider Stanley A. , Chen Vincent W. , Pardo-Castellote Gerardo , Wang Howard H. 
Published: March 2007

Real-time system software is notoriously complex. Large projects must balance the special needs of real-time software—such as clock management, control systems, and strategy—with the needs of in teracting teams of programmers, managers, and long-term main tenance personnel. Successful projects require a solid software architecture, an intuitive graphical programming paradigm, a well- developed reuse system, and powerful system services. This paper walks through the methodology and application of ControlShell, the component-based real-time programming system. ControlShell provides an integrated development environment for building complex electromechanical systems. It targets complex systems that require both cyclic data processing and strategic event management and sequencing. ControlShell is specifically designed to facilitate team develop ment of complex electromechanical systems. Teams must share and reuse code; ControlShell provides component-level code shar ing and reuse. Complex systems require flexibility; ControlShell gains flexibility by supporting independent module-level code gen eration. Large systems are most easily designed as independent parts; ControlShell encourages easy interconnectivity of objects. Finally, complex systems are modal; ControlShellfeatures a unique configuration-control system for changing operating modes. The paper concludes by examining the application of this frame work to a dual-arm robotic work cell, a subsystem of the Space Shuttle Launch Processing System, and an underwater autonomous vehicle.
Assessment of the Affective Response to Music with Clynes's Sentograph
Authors: De Vries Bart 
Published: March 2007

This study investigates the possiblity of measuring affective responses to sounding music with the "sentograph" developed by Clynes. This instrument measures dynamic motor behaviour, which is known to be influenced bs affective state. 30 subjects responded on the sentograph to 11 short (ctl. 3() sec.) music excerpts. The subjects also filled out a questionnaire regardine the emotional content of each piece, their familiarity with it and their evaluation of it. It was found that (1) the responses on the sentograph were fairlv similar between subjects, (2) the responses were not affected by a subject's familiarity with or evaluation of a piece and (3) the sentograph indeed measures the affective response to the music. These findings are related to general emotion theory to construct a tentative model that accounts for certain aspects of the affective response to music.