bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typing of human papillomaviruses in condylomata acuminata from Greece
Authors: Labropoulou Vassiliki , Balamotis Alexandros , Tosca Androniki , Rotola Antonella , Mavromara‐Nazos Penelope 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDNA samples from recurrent condylomata acu‐minata biopsies of Greek males and females were examined for the presence of human papil‐lomavirus (HPV) DNA using high‐stringency Southern blot hybridization analysis. Of the twenty‐six biopsies, 25 were positive for the HPV 6/11‐related DNA sequences, and when further analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the HPV‐negative biopsy was also positive for HPV 6/11 DNA. Nineteen specimens were further characterized based on their Pstl restriction endonuclease hybridization pattern. Twelve biopsies were positive for HPV 6a, one biopsy was positive for HPV 11a, and one biopsy was positive for HPV 6c DNA. Three specimens contained HPV 6/11 related DNA that gave an unusual Pstl pattern, and one specimen appeared to represent a multiple HPV infection containing HPV 6/11‐ and HPV 31/35/39‐related sequences. Finally, one sample contained a mixture of HPV 6a DNA and an HPV 6a‐like genome. Biopsies were also taken from adjacent apparently normal tissue, 0.5 cm away from the lesion, in 19 of the patients. Only one of these was found to be positive for HPV 6a DNA by Southern blot analysis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the antigenicity and reactogenicity of varying formulations of the rhesus rotavirus‐based quadrivalent and the M37 rotavirus vaccine candidates
Authors: Perez‐Schael Irene , Blanco Mario , Garcia Dorys , White Laura , Alfonzo Edgar , Crespo Ilirie , Cunto Walter , Pittman Annie L. , Kapikian Albert Z. , Flores Jorge 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree phase l trials of the rhesus rotavirus (RRV) based quardrivalent vaccine [composed of sero‐type 3 (RRV), and serotypes 1 (D × RRV), 2 (DS1 × RRV), and 4 (ST3 × RRV) human rotavirus × RRV reassortants] and the M37 (nursery strain) rotavirus vaccine candidates were conducted in an attempt to find a safe and optimally antigenic formulation. Infants 10‐20 weeks old received, in trial I, 1) the quadrivalent vaccine as two separate bivalent doses (1 × 104PFUeachof D × RRV and RRV, followed 4 weeks later by 1 × 104 PFU each of DS1 × RRV and ST3 × RRV) or 2) placebo; in trial II, 1) one dose of quadrivalent vaccine (104 PFU of each component), or 2) two doses of quadrivalent vaccine, or 3) a 104 PFU dose of M37 vaccine, or 4) M37 vaccine followed by the quadrivalent vaccine, or 5) placebo; in trial III, 1) a dose of a higher‐titered quadrivalent vaccine (105 PFU of each component), or 2) two doses of higher titered quadrivalent vaccine, or 3) a dose of higher titered M37 vaccine (105 PFU) or 4) two doses of M37 vaccine (105 PFU), or 5) M37 vaccine (105 PFU) followed by the higher titered quadrivalent vaccine, or 6) placebo. A mild, transient fever during the first week post‐vaccination was associated with the bivalent or quadrivalent vaccines but not with the M37 vaccine. Fourfold or greater serum IgA ELISA responses to rotavirus were observed in 48‐92% of the infants receiving quadrivalent vaccine and in 32‐50% of those receiving M37 vaccine. Neutralization seroresponses to human rotaviruses in infants receiving quadrivalent vaccine ranged from 9% (to serotype 3 in recipients of the first dose of bivalent vaccine in trial I) to 68% (to serotype 1 in recipients of two doses of higher titered quadrivalent vaccine in trial III). M37 vaccine induced homologous neutralization responses in 33‐78% of the infants and responses to human strains sharing its VP7 (Wa) or VP4 (ST3) serotype in 13‐35% of the infants. Overall, both vaccine candidates induced a greater number of antibody responses when two doses or a higher titered preparation was administered. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of the putative E2 protein of hepatitis C virus in human liver
Authors: Nakamoto Yasunari , Kaneko Shuichi , Honda Masao , Unoura Masashi , Cheong Jaehun , Harada Akihisa , Matsushima Kouji , Kobayashi Kenichi , Murakami Seishi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe question was asked whether a predicted envelope protein, considered to be processed from the polyprotein precursor encoded by the putative E2/NS1 region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome, may be observed in HCV‐infected humans. Two polyclonal antibodies against recombinant E2/NS1 proteins were prepared and their reactivity tested against liver extracts from HCV‐infected patients by immunoblotting analysis. A band corresponding to a size of 44 kDa was detected in liver extracts from patients who were positive for the HCV‐specific antibody anti‐C100‐3 but not in liver extracts from patients who did not have anti‐C100‐3 antibody. Additionally, no band was detected using preimmune sera or antisera which had been preabsorbed with recombinant E2/NS1 proteins. Deglycosylation studies demonstrated that the 44 kDa protein was a glycosylated form of a 38 kDa protein which corresponds to the predicted molecular weight of the putative E2/NS1 protein. These results suggest that the 44 kDa protein is a product of the E2/NS1 region. Frequent observation of the 44 kDa band in cases of chronic active hepatitis C suggests a correlation between the expression of this protein and the progression of hepatitis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antigenic diversity of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup B strains circulating during a community outbreak of infection
Authors: Mlinaric‐Galinovic Gordana , Chonmaitree Tasnee , Cane Patricia A. , Pringle Craig R. , Ogra Pearay L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe epidemiological characteristics and relationship between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup and virulence during an outbreak of RSV infection occurring in Southeast Texas in the winter season 1991/92 are described. Fiftytwo infants and children were diagnosed with RSV infection by rapid viral antigen detection and/or viral isolation. Subgrouping of the isolates was carried out using 11‐monoclonal antibodies. Ten isolates were found to be subgroup B, and 8 isolates were subgroup A. The subgroup B strains showed 3 different patterns of reaction with monoclonal antibodies; one of these subgroups was examined further by restriction analysis of parts of its nucleocapsid and attachment protein genes. The peak of RSV outbreak was in December 1991. Both subtypes A and B circulated simultaneously in the same territory, and caused lower respiratory tract infections in similar proportions. The more frequent occurrence of the B subgroup and the diversity of its simultaneously circulated RSV strains have made this outbreak unusual. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectrum of hepatitis E virus infection in India
Authors: Khuroo Mohammed Sultan , Rustgi Vinod K. , Dawson George J. , Mushahwar Isa K. , Yattoo Ghulam Nabi , Kamili Saleem , Khan Bashir Ahmad 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA solid phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects IgM and IgG to hepatitis E virus (HEV) was used to study seroepidemiology in 40 healthy subjects and 227 consecutive patients with liver diseases in an endemic area. Fifty‐two of the liver diseases patients (22.9 percent) had acute hepatitis E. In contrast, none of the 40 healthy subjects were positive for IgM anti‐HEV, validating the ELISA assay. Twenty‐three of 25 (92%) patients with epidemic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis were confirmed as having acute hepatitis E. Only 1 of the 10 patients with sporadic, fulminant hepatic failuire of non‐A, non‐B, non‐C etiology was positive for IgM anti‐HEV. Five (31.2%) of the 16 patients with acute hepatitis in HBsAg carriers were positive for IgM anti‐HEV. One patient with acute hepatitis B wascoinfected with acute hepatitis E. Acute hepatitis was a disease of the adult population, with peak attack rates in the second and third decades of life. This disease was seen in only 4 (16%) of the 25 patients with acute viral hepatitis occurring below 14 years of age. Cholestasis was predominant in 25% of patients, enzyme elevation was monophasic, and all patients had clinical and biochemical recovery from the disease. The data suggest that the majority of patients with acute sporadic non‐A, non‐B, non‐C hepatitis in India have hepatitis E. However, fulminant hepatic failure to sporadic nature is rarely from hepatitis E. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A thymidine kinase deficient HSV‐2 strain causes acute keratitis and establishes trigeminal ganglionic latency, but poorly reactivates in vivo
Authors: Stroop William G. , Careene Banks M. , Qavi Hamida , Chodosh James , Moira Brown S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe incidence of herpetic keratitis following in‐tranasal or direct ocular infection with thymidine kinase‐negative (TK−) strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐2 has not been well studied, and the role of the TK gene in the establishment of latency and virus reactivation is controversial. To determine whether a TK− strain of HSV‐2 could establish trigeminal ganglionic latency and be reactivated in vivo to produce recurrent keratitis or nervous system infection, an animal model of acute and recurrent infection was utilized. Rabbits were infected by the intranasal or ocular routes, and latency was reactivated by immuno‐suppression. Virus shedding in nasal and ocular secretions was monitored, and the eyes were examined for the presence of corneal epithelial lesions during acute and reactivated infections. Central nervous system (CNS) and trigeminal ganglionic tissues were assayed by histologic, virologic, and in situ hybridization techniques. All rabbits intranasally infected shed virus in both ocular and nasal secretions, whereas only 30% of rabbits infected in the eyes shed virus in nasal secretions. Virus was recovered from co‐cultivation cultures, but not from cell‐free ho‐mogenates, of trigeminal ganglionic and CNS tissues from animals inoculated by both routes. The incidence of keratitis was much greater after direct ocular inoculation, although both routes of inoculation produced CNS and ganglionic inflammatory lesions. Keratitis healed in 92% of the animals infected by the ocular route by 26 days post infection. Of rabbits initially infected in the eyes and then subjected to drug‐induced reactivation, only 30% shed virus, which was limited to a 24 hour period; there was no reappearance of epithelial keratitis, no animal became blind, and none died. In contrast, latently infected control rabbits uniformly reactivated. These studies show that this TK− HSV‐2 strain (i) replicates in the eye, (ii) is neuroinvasive but non‐neurovirulent following intranasal and direct ocular infection; (iii) sheds in the eye more frequently and for longer periods after ocular than after intranasal inoculation; (iv) induces epithelial keratitis that usually heals spontaneously; (v) establishes latency in trigeminal ganglionic neurons, but no other ganglionic cells; and, (vi) reactivates in a small proportion of animals, but does not produce recurrent ocular lesions following drug‐induced immunosuppres‐sion. Thus, the TK gene appears directly involved in HSV latency and reactivation in vivo. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectroscopy of the joaquinite minerals
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Pinto Caroline 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSelected joaquinite minerals have been studied by Raman spectroscopy. The minerals are categorised into two groups depending upon whether bands occur in the 3250 to 3450 cm−1 region and in the 3450 to 3600 cm−1 region, or in the latter region only. The first set of bands is attributed to water stretching vibrations and the second set to OH stretching bands. In the literature, X‐ray diffraction could not identify the presence of OH units in the structure of joaquinite. Raman spectroscopy proves that the joaquinite mineral group contains OH units in their structure, and in some cases both water and OH units. A series of bands at 1123, 1062, 1031, 971, 912 and 892 cm−1 are assigned to SiO stretching vibrations. Bands above 1000 cm−1 are attributable to the νas modes of the (SiO4)4− and (Si2O7)6− units. Bands that are observed at 738, around 700, 682 and around 668, 621 and 602 cm−1 are attributed to OSiO bending modes. The patterns do not appear to match the published infrared spectral patterns of either (SiO4)4− or (Si2O7)6− units. The reason is attributed to the actual formulation of the joaquinite mineral, in which significant amounts of Ti or Nb and Fe are found. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct enantiomeric separations of tris(2‐phenylpyridine) iridium (III) complexes on polysaccharide derivative‐based chiral stationary phases
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Okamoto Yoshio , Yano Tomohiro , Otsuki Joe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA convenient method is presented for the first time for the direct separation of enantiomers of a tris(2‐phenylpyridine) iridium (III) and an analog substituted with long alkoxy chains on polysaccharide derivative‐based chiral stationary phases by HPLC. Tris(2‐phenylpyridine) iridium (III) was separated on the immobilized amylose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate (Chiralpak IA) using hexane/CHCl3/CH2Cl2 (75:20:5) as an eluent, and the analog could be separated on the coated cellulose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate (Chiralcel OD) and cellulose 4‐methylbenzoate (Chiralcel OJ) using hexane/2‐propanol (96:4) as the eluent. CD spectra of the eluted HPLC fractions were also recorded, and the observed mirror image patterns confirm their enantioseparations.
Differential expression of multiple anti‐apoptotic proteins in epidermis of IGF‐1 transgenic mice as revealed by 2‐dimensional gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Shen Jianjun , Riggs Penny K. , Hensley Sean C. , Schroeder Lisa J. , Traner Angelina R. , Kochan Kelli J. , Person Maria D. , DiGiovanni John 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOverexpression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) has been associated with a number of human tumors, including breast, colon, lung, and prostate cancers. In previous studies, we found that mice overexpressing human IGF‐1 in the basal layer of the epidermis (BK5.IGF‐1 mice) developed skin tumors following treatment with the skin tumor initiator, 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, indicating that IGF‐1 can act as a skin tumor promoter. In the present study, we employed a proteomics approach of two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to profile differentially expressed proteins in skin epidermis between BK5.IGF‐1 transgenic and nontransgenic littermates. Two‐D gels from each of three transgenic and three age/sex matched wild‐type littermates were compared at two different pH ranges. Differentially expressed protein spots were identified by Bio‐Rad's PDQuest image analysis, in‐gel digested, and analyzed on a MALDI‐TOF MS system. A total of 23 proteins were identified as differentially expressed, 17 of them overexpressed in transgenic mice. These proteins included 14‐3‐3 sigma, galectin‐7, an apoptosis‐related protein, three heat shock proteins, four calcium binding proteins, three proteases or protease inhibitors, one actin regulatory capping protein, and translation initiation factor 5A. The differential expression of GRP78, alpha enolase, and galectin‐7 was verified by 1‐D western blot analysis. Two‐D western blot analyses of alpha enolase and galectin‐7 further revealed that alpha enolase had more than one protein spot dependent on charge. The current data suggest that some of the differentially expressed proteins may play a role in the tumor promoting action of IGF‐1 in mouse skin. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic intracellular survivin in oral squamous cell carcinoma: underlying molecular mechanism and potential as an early prognostic marker
Authors: Engels K , Knauer SK , Metzler D , Simf C , Struschka O , Bier C , Mann W , Kovács AF , Stauber RH 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSurvivin functions as an apoptosis inhibitor and a regulator of cell division in many tumours. The intracellular localization of survivin in tumours has been suggested as a prognostic marker. However, current reports are inconsistent and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not understood. The present study has examined the localization and prognostic value of nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin in the pre‐therapeutic biopsies from 71 oral and oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Statistical analysis indicated that preferential nuclear versus cytoplasmic survivin correlated with favourable versus unfavourable disease outcome. Uni‐ and multi‐variate analysis showed that in contrast to total survivin expression, the difference between nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin was a strong predictor for relapse‐free survival (p = 0.0003). As a potential underlying molecular mechanism, it is shown in OSCC cell lines that predominantly cytoplasmic survivin mediates protection against chemo‐ and radio‐therapy‐induced apoptosis. Importantly, the cytoplasmic localization of survivin is regulated by its nuclear export signal (NES), and export‐deficient nuclear survivin is not cytoprotective. This study suggests that the difference between cytoplasmic and nuclear survivin is an indicator for survivin activity in tumour cells. Thus, this difference may serve as a predictive marker of outcome in OSCC patients undergoing multi‐modality therapy. The pharmacogenetic interference with survivin's cytoplasmic localization is also to be pursued as a potential therapeutic strategy. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epoxidized natural rubber‐bonded para rubber wood particleboard
Authors: Thongnuanchan B. , Nokkaew K. , Kaesaman A. , Nakason C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPara rubber wood particleboard (PB) was prepared using NR based adhesives and hot pressing processes. Two types of NR based adhesives were used; epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and unmodified NR. The ENR latex was prepared using in situ performic epoxidation. Molecular weight of the ENR molecules was then reduced by incorporating of a reducing agent; sodium nitrite solution. A chain scission reaction and epoxidation simultaneous occurred via a chain‐scission parallel epoxidation mechanism. Sulphur and multifunctional amine (i.e., hexamethoxymethylmelamine) curing systems were used to cure the adhesives. It was found that the hexamethoxymethylmelamine gave the PB with higher tensile strength than that of the sulphur vulcanization system. Furthermore, the tensile strength increased with increasing concentration of citric acid in the compounding formulation. Adhesion of the ENR adhesive with Parawood sawdust was observed to imporve by reducing molecular weight of the ENR molecules. That is, the highest tensile strength of the PB was observed for the ENR adhesive with the lowest
$ {\overline {M}_{n}} $
(i.e., 1.10 × 105). This may be attributed to the adhesive with lower molecular weight exhibited greater ability to wet or cover the wood particle surfaces. As a consequence, greater chemical interaction between the adhesive and the wood particles was observed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:421–428, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Surface and interfacial properties of poly(amic acid)s and polyimides
Authors: Ioan Silvia , Cosutchi Andreea Irina , Hulubei Camelia , Macocinschi Doina , Ioanid Ghiocel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe correlation between surface tension parameters and the chemical composition of poly(amic acid) and polyimide films, before and after plasma treatment, was investigated. Calculations are based on the geometric mean approach according to Owens, Wendt, Rabel, and Kälble, on the Lifshitz‐van der Waals acid/base approach according to Van Oss, Good, and Chaudhury, as well as on the theoretical method which implies the quantitative structure–property relationships. The polar components for all films investigated contribute significantly to the total surface tensions, as due to the large electron‐donor interactions. Plasma treatment alters the surface energy of samples, changing their surface polarity and wettability. Surface wettability and hydrophilicity trends for poly(amic acid)s and their polyimides were also studied by means of the free energy of hydration between compounds and water. These properties recommend the polyimides as excellent materials for electrical compounds and biomaterials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:381–389, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Surface segregation of siloxane containing component in polysiloxane‐block‐polyimide and s‐BPDA/ODA polyimide blends
Authors: Rimdusit Sarawut , Benjapan Wanpen , Assabumrungrat Suttichai , Takeichi Tsutomu , Yokota Rikio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSurface segregation in polymer blend systems between 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride/4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (s‐BPDA/ODA) polyimide and block copolymer based on polysiloxane‐block‐polyimide (SPI) has been investigated. These polyimide blends, having various compositions of the SPI, were processed by a solution casting method. The glass substrate used in the film‐casting process shows significant effect on the migration of surface segregated species to enrich the air‐exposed surface, whereas the more polar s‐BPDA/ODA tends to remain close to the polar glass substrate. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that even at low SPI concentration, the siloxane moieties in the block copolymer tend to segregate into the air side surface. Contact angle measurement evidently indicates an enrichment of the hydrophobic siloxane fraction on the blend film surface. The average water contact angle of glass side surface is 77°C whereas that of the air side is about 102°C in every blend ratio. This behavior confirms the surface segregation phase separation in these polymer blends. Finally, the surface morphology observed by atomic force microscopy also suggests segregation type of phase separation in these blend systems. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:489–498, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Role of reactive compatibilization in preparation of nanosilica/polypropylene composites
Authors: Zhou Hong Jun , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu , Ruan Wen Hong , Friedrich Klaus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of reactive compatibilization on the mechanical properties of nanosilica filled polypropylene (PP) composites was studied in this work. First, the nanoparticles were grafted with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) by solution free‐radical polymerization, and then melt blended together with PP matrix and aminated PP (PP‐g‐NH2) that acts as reactive compatibilizer. The reaction between epoxide groups of the grafted PGMA on the nanoparticles and amine groups of PP‐g‐NH2 during compounding greatly improved interfacial interaction in the composites. As a result, tensile strength, Young's modulus, and notch impact strength of PP composites were increased at rather low filler content. The experimental results indicated that the reinforcing and toughening effects were controlled by flexibility of the grafted polymer as well as processing methods. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:499–509, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.