bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of two distinct structural regions in a human porcine endogenous retrovirus receptor, HuPAR2, contributing to function for viral entry
Authors: Marcucci Katherine T , Argaw Takele , Wilson Carolyn A , Salomon Daniel R 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Of the three subclasses of Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV), PERV-A is able to infect human cells via one of two receptors, HuPAR1 or HuPAR2. Characterizing the structure-function relationships of the two HuPAR receptors in PERV-A binding and entry is important in understanding receptor-mediated gammaretroviral entry and contributes to evaluating the risk of zoonosis in xenotransplantation.

Results
Chimeras of the non-permissive murine PAR and the permissive HuPAR2, which scanned the entire molecule, revealed that the first 135 amino acids of HuPAR2 are critical for PERV-A entry. Within this critical region, eighteen single residue differences exist. Site-directed mutagenesis used to map single residues confirmed the previously identified L109 as a binding and infectivity determinant. In addition, we identified seven residues contributing to the efficiency of PERV-A entry without affecting envelope binding, located in multiple predicted structural motifs (intracellular, extracellular and transmembrane). We also show that expression of HuPAR2 in a non-permissive cell line results in an average 11-fold higher infectivity titer for PERV-A compared to equal expression of HuPAR1, although PERV-A envelope binding is similar. Chimeras between HuPAR-1 and -2 revealed that the region spanning amino acids 152–285 is responsible for the increase of HuPAR2. Fine mapping of this region revealed that the increased receptor function required the full sequence rather than one or more specific residues.

Conclusion
HuPAR2 has two distinct structural regions. In one region, a single residue determines binding; however, in both regions, multiple residues influence receptor function for PERV-A entry.
Anti-adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma effects of indole-3-carbinol
Authors: Machijima Yoshiaki , Ishikawa Chie , Sawada Shigeki , Okudaira Taeko , Uchihara Jun-nosuke , Tanaka Yuetsu , Taira Naoya , Mori Naoki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundAdult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a malignancy derived from T cells infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and it is known to be resistant to standard anticancer therapies. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring component ofBrassicavegetables such as cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprout, is a promising chemopreventive agent as it is reported to possess antimutagenic, antitumorigenic and antiestrogenic properties in experimental studies. The aim of this study was to determine the potential anti-ATLL effects of I3C bothin vitroandin vivo.ResultsIn thein vitrostudy, I3C inhibited cell viability of HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines and ATLL cells in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, I3C did not exert any inhibitory effect on uninfected T-cell lines and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. I3C prevented the G1/S transition by reducing the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, Cdk4 and Cdk6, and induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of XIAP, survivin and Bcl-2, and by upregulating the expression of Bak. The induced apoptosis was associated with activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. I3C also suppressed IκBα phosphorylation and JunD expression, resulting in inactivation of NF-κB and AP-1. Inoculation of HTLV-1-infected T cells in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency resulted in tumor growth. The latter was inhibited by treatment with I3C (50 mg/kg/day orally), but not the vehicle control.ConclusionOur preclinical data suggest that I3C could be potentially a useful chemotherapeutic agent for patients with ATLL.
Development and application of versatile high density microarrays for genome-wide analysis of Streptomyces coelicolor: characterization of the HspR regulon
Authors: Bucca Giselda , Laing Emma , Mersinias Vassilis , Allenby Nicholas , Hurd Douglas , Holdstock Jolyon , Brenner Volker , Harrison Marcus , Smith Colin P 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Background
DNA microarrays are a key resource for global analysis of genome content, gene expression and the distribution of transcription factor binding sites. We describe the development and application of versatile high density ink-jet in situ-synthesized DNA arrays for the G+C rich bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. High G+C content DNA probes often perform poorly on arrays, yielding either weak hybridization or non-specific signals. Thus, more than one million 60-mer oligonucleotide probes were experimentally tested for sensitivity and specificity to enable selection of optimal probe sets for the genome microarrays. The heat-shock HspR regulatory system of S. coelicolor, a well-characterized repressor with a small number of known targets, was exploited to test and validate the arrays for use in global chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip (ChIP-chip) and gene expression analysis.

Results
In addition to confirming dnaK, clpB and lon as in vivo targets of HspR, it was revealed, using a novel ChIP-chip data clustering method, that HspR also apparently interacts with ribosomal RNA (rrnD operon) and specific transfer RNA genes (the tRNAGln/tRNAGlu cluster). It is suggested that enhanced synthesis of Glu-tRNAGlu may reflect increased demand for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis following heat-shock. Moreover, it was found that heat-shock-induced genes are significantly enriched for Gln/Glu codons relative to the whole genome, a finding that would be consistent with HspR-mediated control of the tRNA species.

Conclusions
This study suggests that HspR fulfils a broader, unprecedented role in adaptation to stresses than previously recognized - influencing expression of key components of the translational apparatus in addition to molecular chaperone and protease-encoding genes. It is envisaged that these experimentally optimized arrays will provide a key resource for systems level studies of Streptomyces biology.
Multipotent stem cells in the Malpighian tubules of adultDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Singh Shree Ram , Hou Steven X. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYExcretion is an essential process of an organism's removal of the waste products of metabolism to maintain a constant chemical composition of the body fluids despite changes in the external environment. Excretion is performed by the kidneys in vertebrates and by Malpighian tubules (MTs) in Drosophila. The kidney serves as an excellent model organ to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying organogenesis. Mammals and Drosophila share common principles of renal development. Tissue homeostasis, which is accomplished through self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells, is critical for the maintenance of adult tissues throughout the lifetime of an animal. Growing evidence suggests that stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is controlled by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Deregulation of stem cell behavior results in cancer formation, tissue degeneration, and premature aging. The mammalian kidney has a low rate of cellular turnover but has a great capacity for tissue regeneration following an ischemic injury. However, there is an ongoing controversy about the source of regenerating cells in the adult kidney that repopulate injured renal tissues. Recently, we identified multipotent stem cells in the MTs of adult Drosophila and found that these stem cells are able to proliferate and differentiate in several types of cells in MTs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that an autocrine JAK-STAT (Janus kinase–signal transducers and activators of transcription) signaling regulates stem cell self-renewal or differentiation of renal stem cells. The Drosophila MTs provide an excellent in vivo system for studying the renal stem cells at cellular and molecular levels. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal or differentiation in vivo is not only crucial to using stem cells for future regenerative medicine and gene therapy, but it also will increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cancer formation, aging and degenerative diseases. Identifying and understanding the cellular processes underlying the development and repair of the mammalian kidney may enable more effective, targeted therapies for acute and chronic kidney diseases in humans.
Der Nachname als Vorname – Neues zum Vornamensrecht
Authors: Grünberger Michael 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Der BGH hat entschieden, dass die Eltern den Namen »Lütke« zum Vornamen für ihren Sohn bestimmen können, obwohl es sich dabei um den Familiennamen des Vaters handelt. Damit schließt er sich der vom BVerfG angestoßenen Neukonzeption des Vornamensrechts an.
Sensuous Pagans and Righteous Jews: Changing Concepts of Jewish Identity in Ernest Bloch's Jézabel and Schelomo
Authors: Móricz Klára 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Disappointed in the reception of his opera Macbeth and torn between what he considered opposing French and German musical aesthetics, Ernest Bloch, together with his librettist and friend Edmond Fleg, turned to Jewish topics under the influence of another friend, the anti-Semite Robert Godet. Relying on archival documents and musical analysis, this article traces the development of Bloch's assumed Jewish identity from his projected opera Jézabel through his violoncello rhapsody Schelomo. Although both works display similar stylistic characteristics, the change between what is conceived as “Jewish” in the one and the other is significant. In Jézabel Bloch depicted an imaginary pure world of the Jews with diatonic, simple melodies and painted the pagan Jezebel with the lush chromaticism associated with Oriental sensuality; in Schelomo he interpreted the chromatic, augmented-second-ridden style as expressive of Jewishness. Schelomo thus fulfilled the expectations of Bloch's audiences by playing into stereotypes of Jewish music. Ironically then, the anti-Semitism that was a major factor in driving Bloch to find a particularly Jewish voice also inspired the corroboration of a musical style that, like the society around him, marked Jews as others.
Hearing Debussy Reading Mallarmé: Music après Wagner in the Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune
Authors: Code David J. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Debussy's Prélude à Vaprès-midi d'un faune has so far been thought to relate only obliquely to Mallarmé's poem L'Après-midi d'un faune. The actual sophistication of Debussy's reading of Mallarmé becomes apparent through a newly precise formal analysis of the poem, and a new analytical emphasis on the orchestration of the prelude. In adapting the conventions of classical pastoral, notably the quasi-dramatic textual presentation of both Virgil's Eclogues and Theocritus's Idylls, Mallarmé focuses his text on an irresolvable moment of conflict between sensuous speech and literary writing. The faun, the poem's main "character," comes to symbolize the reader's divided experience of a text composed on the cusp of a loss of Romantic lyricism to modernist impersonality. In Debussy's reading, a recurring contrast between strings and winds audibly tracks Mallarmé's poetic template and also, more subtly, signals an esoteric layer of puns on Wagnerian leitmotifs in its syntax. A division between hearing and analytical reading is created, which encapsulates a historical moment in which the Romantic orchestral poetics exemplified in Berlioz's influential treatise is losing its immediacy, and the Romantic harmony that attained an expressive limit in Wagner's music dramas is being broken up by systematic analysis.
Terror and Transcendence in the Operatic Prison, 1790–1815
Authors: Meyer Stephen 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Act 2, scene 1 of Beethoven's 1814 version of Fidelio and the recitative and aria for Amenaïïde from Rossini's Tancredi are the only prison scenes from the period 1790–1815 that are still a part of the performing repertory, but prison scenes were a common feature in operas from these decades. The revolutionary and post-revolutionary period was also a time in which ideas about incarceration were undergoing profound changes—changes that are reflected on the operatic stage. This essay examines the political and aesthetic meanings of the operatic prison scene, providing a broader context for the revisions that Beethoven made to Florestan's recitative and aria. The famous oboe melody that introduces the final section of this scene marks both a turning point in the drama and a self-reflexive moment in the history of opera, in which the dramaturgy of the prison intersects with the philosophy of musical idealism. In this sense, the passage from terror to transcendence is not merely a common topos of prison scene plots; it is also a paradigm for composition, reception, and musico-dramatic meaning in early nineteenth-century opera.
Gregorian Chant and the Romans
Authors: Levy Kenneth 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
A central problem in plainchant studies has been the relationship between the two “Roman” repertories, “Old Roman” (ROM) and “Gregorian” (GREG). Many attempts have been made to penetrate the “mystérieuse alchimie” that links them. Almost without exception, these have embraced the notion that ROM music was the supplier of GREG. This paper advances an alternative hypothesis. It recognizes initial transfers of ROM musical material to the Franks under Pippin III (before 768)—ROM music that was generally improvisational in process and style. However, still under Pippin or later under Charlemagne, the Franks rejected the ROM music and, in their effort to establish GREG, turned to familiar Gallican chants, which tended to have fixed, memorable melodies. Later, perhaps during the tenth century renovatio imperii under Otto I, though perhaps even during Charlemagne's reign, the authorized GREG repertory reached Rome, where it was supposed to supplant the local ROM. But the Roman musicians resisted; rather than abandon ROM, they compromised by accepting certain portions of GREG music and remodeling them so they conformed with ROM style. This sequence of events would explain the musical relationships between ROM and GREG.
Investigation of renal function in liver transplant patients: MDRD or Cockroft–Gault?
Authors: Pájer Petra , Fehérvári Imre 
Published: January 2009

Heveny és idült májbetegségek egyaránt hatással vannak a vese működésére. A májátültetést követően további funkcióromlással kell számolnunk az alkalmazott kalcineurininhibitorok nephrotoxicus hatása miatt, így a veseműködés nyomon követése alapvető feladattá válik a májtranszplantáltak körében. Vizsgálatunk során arra kerestük a választ, hogy a szérumkreatinin-szintet alapul vevő formulák eredményei között van-e szignifikáns különbség a kiválasztott betegcsoportban: vajon az albumint is felhasználó MDRD ténylegesen más értéket ad-e, mint a Cockroft–Gault? A 187 betegnél végzett retrospektív elemzés során kitüntetett időpontokban (műtét előtt, műtét után, egy hét és egy hónap múlva) vetettük össze a két képlettel kapott eredményeket. A Cockroft–Gault mindegyik időpontban magasabb GFR-értéket adott: a fenti időpontokban az átlagos eltérés 19,56%, 17,33%, 37,18% és 28,8%. Az idült veseelégtelenség harmadik és negyedik stádiumában, azaz 15-60 ml/perc GFR mellett az MDRD-vel közel kétszer annyi beteget találtunk, mint a Cockroft–Gault-formulával. A Cockroft–Gault-formulánál a medián 93,8 ml/perc, 78 ml/perc, 70,1 ml/perc, 69,4 ml/perc, az MDRD-nél 79 ml/perc, 65,1 ml/perc, 52 ml/perc, 49,5 ml/perc, minden értéknél szignifikáns (
p
< 0,001). Több tanulmány összehasonlította már végstádiumú vesebetegeknél a képleteket, eredményük szerint az MDRD alkalmas 30 ml/perc alatti GFR-tartományban is, míg a Cockroft–Gault csak e fölött mutat jó egyezést az izotópos módszerekkel mért valós GFR-rel. Vizsgálatunk során hasonló következtetésre jutottunk a tanulmányozott betegcsoportban. Összegezve elmondhatjuk, hogy az MDRD alkalmasabbnak bizonyult a májátültetett betegek körében a veseműködés megítélésére.
Mechanism and kinetics of glass-ceramics formation in the LiO2-SiO2-CaO-P2O5-CaF2 system
Authors: Palou Martin , Kuzielová Eva , Vitkovič Martin , Noaman Maha 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTwo glasses based on lithium disilicate (LS2), with and without fluorapatite (FA), were synthesised in the Li2O-SiO2-CaO-P2O5-CaF2 system with P2O5: CaO: CaF2 ratios corresponding to fluorapatite. Glass-ceramics have then been prepared by thermal treatment. The mechanism and kinetics of crystallization as functions of grain size and rate of heating were investigated using thermal analysis methods. The smaller particles crystallize preferentially by surface crystallization, which is replaced by volume crystallization at larger particle sizes. Inclusion of FA in the LS2 favours crystallization through the surface mechanism. The onset limit for volume crystallization replacing the surface mechanism is at about 0.3 mm for pure LS2 glass and 0.9 mm for glass containing FA. The calculated activation energies of the glasses (299 ± 1 kJ mol-1 for pure LS2 glass and 288 ± 7 kJ mol−1 for glass containing FA according to Kissinger, or 313 ± 1 kJ mol-1 for pure LS2 glass and 303 ± 8 kJ mol-1 for glass containing FA according to Ozawa) indicate that the tendency of the glasses to crystallize is supported by the FA presence. Bioactivity of all samples has been proved in vitro by the formation of new layers of apatite-like phases after soaking in SBF.
Jeu, réseau et civilisation.
Authors: Letonturier Éric 
Published: January 2009

RéSUMé. — L’article propose une analyse comparée et critique des différentes acceptions des notions de jeu et de réseau dans la pensée de N. Élias, pour montrer qu’un triple programme de recherche structure leur relation. Défini comme l’objet même de la sociologie, le réseau participe d’abord, au moyen heuristiquement fécond qu’offre l’image des jeux, de l’édification d’un paradigme alternatif aux options holiste et individualiste. Ensuite, à un niveau méthodologique, le jeu s’érige comme modèle de formalisation des situations sociales à partir des différents types de contraintes s’exerçant dans les réseaux d’interdépendances. Enfin, le jeu s’inscrit à titre d’instrument de diagnostic et de contrôle dans la finalité qu’Élias assigne à l’entreprise sociologique : maîtriser la complexité des réseaux propres à la civilisation pour s’affranchir, ainsi que l’indique l’exemple des relations internationales, des dangers qu’engendre une méconnaissance de leur organisation.
« Sur la psychologie sociale de l'hostilité »
Authors: Rol Cécile 
Published: January 2009

RéSUMé. — Cet article a pour but de contextualiser un article méconnu intitulé « Sur la psychologie sociale de l’hostilité » que Simmel a publié en mai 1908. Ce texte est d’autant plus symbolique qu’il paraît dans les colonnes de La vie contemporaine, la première revue de psychologie sociale française et qu’il sera le dernier article sociologique que le Dozent de Berlin fera traduire pour le public français.
Bonne et mauvaise abstraction
Authors: Boudon Raymond 
Published: January 2009

RéSUMé. — Selon Durkheim, l’abstraction est une démarche naturelle à toute science, mais il y a une bonne et une mauvaise abstraction. La mauvaise se caractérise notamment par l’utilisation d’ « êtres de raison », à savoir des concepts dont on n’est pas sûr qu’ils correspondent à une réalité. Tocqueville et Weber partagent cette idée essentielle avec Durkheim. Leurs explications se sont imposées parce qu’elles évitent soigneusement les « êtres de raison ». Ce n’est pas toujours le cas des sciences sociales contemporaines. Sociologues, anthropologues et psychosociologues les utilisent au contraire généreusement. Pourtant, on obtient des explications scientifiquement beaucoup plus convaincantes en les éliminant, ce qu’on peut souvent faire en recourant aux ressources de la « psychologie rationnelle » au sens de Nisbet : celle qui se conforme au postulat wébérien de la « compréhension ». L’abus que les sciences sociales font des « êtres de raison » est dû à ce que, sous l’influence de mouvements de pensée importants, elles témoignent couramment d’une vision causaliste de la psychologie de l’acteur social. En empruntant à ces mouvements les sciences sociales espéraient se consolider. Elles en ont été au contraire fragilisées.
Une nouvelle statue impériale identifiée au théâtre d'Arles
Authors: Carrier Cécile 
Published: January 2009

A New Imperial Statue Identified in the Theatre of Arles. Abstract. – This studies two statue fragments in the Musée d’Arles et de la Provence : from a male head crowned with oak, like figures of Tiber, and with the oak suggesting a posthumous portrait ; and the legs of a draped seated statue, of the Jupiter-Kostüm type. Details suggest that both belong to a Tiberius shown as Jupiter, placed in the frons scenae of the Arles theatre, built in the Claudian period.
Les bronzes grecs et romains : recherches récentes
Authors: Rolley Claude 
Published: January 2009

The Greek and Roman Bronzes : A Recent Study. Abstract. – The first part deals with exhibition catalogues which draw attention to two important pieces : a head from the area of Stara Zagora (Bulgaria) which may be a portrait of Seuthes III of Thrace, and an Apoxyomenos (?) from the waters of the Dalmatian islands, perhaps a second cast of the Ephesus statue in Vienna. The second part reviews three books : on the militaria from Sisak (Croatia) in the Zagreb Museum, on bronze lamps from Romania, and an important and comprehensive study of eastern and orientalising ribbed phialae . These are of eastern origin (Middle-East, Assyria and Iran – see the Nimrud reliefs –) but little represented in Greece, more in Etruria, where there are many imitations. They add to our knowledge of trade between Etruria and the East.
La scène sous surveillance
Authors: Dos Santos Graça 
Published: January 2009

Résumé L’article met d’abord en évidence combien la présence « traditionnelle » de la censure dans l’histoire culturelle portugaise va renforcer l’impact de l’État nouveau imposé par Salazar pendant plus de quarante ans (1926-1974), avec pour arme sophistiquée une censure omnisciente qui, associée à la propagande, va modeler comportements et mentalités. À la lumière de mémoires d’artistes, d’archives de metteurs en scène, d’articles de presse, l’auteure aborde la vie théâtrale portugaise et ses conditionnements imposés par un système de surveillance très structuré où la prévention prévaut sur la répression. Tout en évoquant les difficultés dues à la législation théâtrale, elle cite des exemples d’artistes qui doivent imaginer d’incroyables subterfuges pour que le texte devienne, sur scène, parole articulée. Elle parvient à déceler les particularités de la censure salazariste, ainsi que ses principaux effets.
Christ, Pietà, Cène, à l'affiche : écart et transgression dans la publicité et le cinéma
Authors: Saint-Martin Isabelle 
Published: January 2009

Résumé Outre les sujets religieux prêtant à sourire dans la publicité, le réemploi de thèmes chrétiens dans l’affiche a fait depuis une vingtaine d’années l’objet de vifs débats et parfois d’actions judiciaires. La question porte ici sur deux aspects de la censure, d’une part l’expression d’un seuil de tolérance et de ses limites, d’autre part celui d’un rapport de force. Qui censure, au nom de quoi ? Comment se joue ici l’équilibre des groupes de pouvoir au sein du catholicisme ? Ce débat met en lumière des filières d’images qui croisent de grandes références artistiques dont l’influence imprègne encore la photographie contemporaine. Dans l’analyse des enjeux iconiques, le détour par l’art s’impose tant pour situer l’univers de référence d’une culture visuelle que pour y voir un prisme à travers lequel se lisent déjà bon nombre des tensions rencontrées ici. L’allusion religieuse fait réagir en jouant sur un double registre, celui de la provocation et celui du « déjà-vu », qui lui assure, dans un univers saturé de messages visuels, une efficacité accrue.