bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definition and Development of the Mackerel Field, Gippsland Basin
Authors: Limbert Alan R. , Maughan David M. , Mebberson A. John 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Esso-Hematite Mackerel oilfield is located approximately 70 kilometres offshore in the Gippsland Basin, south-eastern Australia. It is one of a number of fields in this basin in which the reservoir occurs beneath an unconformity at the top of the Latrobe Group which is of Paleocene-Eocene age. The trap has been formed within a topographic erosional feature, sealed by calcareous shales and mudstones of the Oligocene Lakes Entrance Formation.
This paper covers two topics. The first is the history of, and problems related to, the definition of the irregularly eroded Latrobe surface. In particular, the use of migrated seismic data to define the Top of Latrobe is discussed.
The second topic of the paper is the use of seismic stratigraphy to help plan the development of the field. Progradational seismic character in the Latrobe reservoir section is observed on the seismic data at Mackerel. Seismic stratigraphic work was integrated with the results from the four exploration wells to build a model of the reservoir section prior to field development. This model was then used to help plan the development well program.
Finally, the results of development drilling to date are discussed and an evaluation made of the pre-development geophysical and geological interpretation.
Oil Base Foam Fracturing Applied to the Niobrara Shale Formation
Authors: Driscoll Patrick L. , Bowen James G. , Roberts Mark A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Niobrara Shale wells in the Overland Dome field of Wyoming have undergone a variety of well completion procedures. Stimulation treatments have utilized gelled oil, gelled water, water base foams, and co-mingled CO2 and oil. These systems have not been completely successful. In the authors’ opinion, these systems have not satisfied the fluid loss and fluid compatibility requirements necessary to successfully fracture the Niobrara Shale formation. The oil foam system described in this paper has excellent fluid loss properties, is an efficient proppant carrier, and is compatible with the formation. The use of this fluid appears to offer the most promising technique thus far used to stimulate the Niobrara Shale. The process appears economical. The largest treatment performed to date has been 100,000 pounds of sand with 100,000 gallons of foamed oil, utilizing less than 400 hydraulic horsepower.
Use of the oil base foam fracturing procedure has successfully led to the reactivation of the field. It has also been applied to the shaley, silty Frontier Formation in this same field. The most successful previous treatment had a sustained maximum production of 8-10 BOPD. Utilization of improved completion procedures and the oil foam fracturing process has resulted in stabilized increased production from old, existing wells. On new wells the production has ranged to BOPD. For better application of the fracturing fluid to the most potential zones, natural fractures were identified and these zones were perforated on a limited entry basis.
The previously commercially unproductive Frontier Formation in this field has been treated with the same technique and has resulted in economical wells.
This paper will describe the geology, completion techniques, and the fluid and procedures used to stimulate the Niobrara Shale formation.
Reserve Recognition Accounting – An Engineering Viewpoint
Authors: Pielsticker John R. , Steiger Natalie M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Presents the approach of Cities Service Company in preparing the "Summary of oil and gas producing activities on the basis of Reserve Recognition Accounting" for the year ended December 31, 1979 as published in the Company's SEC Form 10-K. Discusses the problems encountered in attempting to comply with the Security and Exchange Commission's rules and regulations in a timely manner, such as, the determination of product prices, estimating future investment, the deferral of investment costs and others. Discusses future problem areas such as the decontrol of domestic oil prices, the windfall profits tax, and the reporting of RRA data in the annual report to stockholders as well as the Form 10-K.
Applied Technology Meets Trinidad Sand Control Challenge
Authors: Mower L. N. , Soverall David G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In 1975, Holman1 and Likwartz2 described the challenge to sand control technology presented by the extremely fine grained unconsolidated producing formations in the Teak Field, offshore Trinidad. Results of a research study and operating experience were incorporated in field completion techniques which reduced sand production to trace quantities while producing at rates exceeding 5000 BOPD/well.
As a more mature phase of the Teak Field production was reached, substantial changes in sand control techniques were mandated. Initiation of the MM-0/1 sand waterflood and associated workovers of wells with a prior history of trace quantity sand production presented yet another challenge in design and implementation of gravel packs. Gravel pack design and procedures which had been effective during the early producing life of the field were no longer successful.
Findings of the original research effort were reexamined and post appraisals were made of significant completions. As the result of these studies, improved and radically different sand control technology was applied. Major changes implemented were the use of finer grained, high quality gravel pack sand together with two stage packing of "old wells".
An overview of field sand production as reflected by separator cleanout frequency demonstrates that improved techniques can effectively control sand with no loss of productivity. A very significant relationship has been established between increased use of smaller gravel pack sand and a decrease in the volume of produced sand.
The Ideal Role for the Petroleum Engineer
Authors: Whiting Robert L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to describe the ideal role for a petroleum engineer. In an effort to accomplish this, the history of the engineering profession is traced from 3iblical times to the present. The evolution of engineering curricula from its founding in the U.S. at the U.S. Military Academy in 1812 is reviewed. The growth of the petroleum industry and the background and responsibilities of the technical personnel who developed the U.S. petroleum reserves and productivity is summarized. The evolution of petroleum engineering curricula from its origin at the university of Pittsburg in 1910 is traced to the present.
This historical information permits one to understand – at least in part – the reasons for the composition of modern petroleum engineering curricula and the modern concept of a petroleum engineer. ECPD and SPE minimum curricula requirements for petroleum engineering and petroleum technology programs are presented. The SPE technical areas for petroleum engineeringnence petroleum engineers-are cited.
The role of the individual who is seeking to become a petroleum engineer is traced from the time of entrance into College until he becomes a petroleum engineer. For convenience, his progress is traced through phases called academic, planning, learning, practica and management. The role of the individual in each phase is generalized and the methods for maximizing his productivity are discussed.
It is concluded that there are many ideal roles for a petroleum engineer and that they exist in all types of petroleum industrial organizations and branches of the petroleum industry.
Worldwide Exploration Areas
Authors: Birks Jack 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Declining future oil production prospects and higher prices have stimulated exploration efforts worldwide. The prospects of finding giant oil reserves are declining and explorers have to be satisfied with smaller, deeper and more expensive fields. Much exploration is offshore in increasingly hostile environments. The paper reviews worldwide activities and considers the prospects for future oil and gas production and discusses the conditions needed to stimulate oil and gas exploration.
The Role of Diagenesis in Successful Formation Interpretation, Well Production, Stimulation, and Enhanced Recovery
Authors: Davies David K. , Almon William R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Post depositional modifications (diagenesis) of sandstones play an important role in controlling hydrocarbon discovery and production. Diagenesis can effect the ways in which geologists and engineers interpret, evaluate and develop sandstone reservoirs. In particular, diagenesis has a significant effect on several topics of importance to the oil industry including: 1) Petrophysics, 2) Fluid System Compositions, 3) Drill Stem Testing, 4) Well Production, and 5) Enhanced Recovery.
Application of Areal Seismics to Mapping Sandstone Channels
Authors: Dobecki Thomas L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The seismic formation mapping project is a two-part program whose prime objective is the evaluation of state-of-the-art seismic reflection methods as a means of mapping the subsurface configuration of low permeability sandstone channels - potential gas reservoirs typical of Tertiary and Cretaceous formations of the Western United States. The initial part of the program involved performing a computer model study to predict the effectiveness of seismic techniques applied to such targets and to develop criteria for interpreting real data. The second part consisted of a seismic field experiment designed to test and evalute the ability to map known lenses. The field program utilized areal (d-D) acquisition methods at a site underlain by known, shallow Mesa Verde channels.
Through the lessons learned by seismic modeling, we have been able to interpret field seismic data in terms of channeling and thereby predict the orientation of channels in the subsurface. Projecting these channels out of the area of seismic coverage in order to predict their outcrop position, we have located existing channels which agree quite well with the seismic description and projection. It is felt that this exercise has satisfied the program objectives, and that seismic methods may be successfully applied to the description of channel sandstone reservoirs. The next test of this will be in the upcoming DOE-sponsored multi-well experiment.
Remote Characterization of Tight Gas Formations with a New NMR Logging Tool
Authors: Jackson Jasper A. , Brown Joseph A. , Crawford Theodore R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A new Nuclear Magnetic Resonance logging technique under development at Los Alamos National Laboratory has characteristics which afford several operating and measurement advantages in tight western gas sand formations over existing nuclear magnetic logging tools. Among these are 1) elimination of the need to condition borehole fluids prior to logging a hole, 2) higher sensitivity per unit sample volume, 3) shorter instrumental dead time, and 4) potential for greater formation penetration. The new technique has been laboratory tested in tool geometry. A prototype tool utilizing permanent magnets is under construction and design has started on advanced tools using superconducting magnets.
NMR Measurements on Western Gas Sands Core
Authors: Brown J. A. , Brown Lee F. , Jackson Jasper A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Proton longitudinal relaxation (T1) measurements have been made on several Western Gas Sands core samples. These water-saturated specimens show a distributed relaxation time reflecting the distribution of pore sizes in the sandstone matrix. Mercury porosimeter determinations of the pore-size distributions correlate well with the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements, and in addition show a correlation between bulk porosity and pore size. The NMR signal strength is shown to be related to porosity and water saturation, in all but one case.
Phase Separation of Two-Phase Fluid in an Injection Wellbore
Authors: Elson T. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Flow of a two-phase, gas-liquid fluid in a model wellbore has been studied. Observations using an air-water system are related to in-wellbore phase separation of two-phase steam typical of that being injected into multiple perforations or zones. The air-water system has a phase density difference similar to steam vapor and liquid. Results show that when such a two-phase fluid exits the injection tubing in the model wellbore, separation of the phases occurs. This may translate into nonuniform steam quality distribution at various points in an interval undergoing steam injection. Phase separation in the wellbore is of concern because it may affect steam drive or stimulation efficiency. Parameters that affect in-wellbore vapor-liquid distribution include completion geometry, total injection flow rate, and downhole quality.
Gas Lift Design and Performance
Authors: Pittman Robert Wayne 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The optimum design of a continuous flow gas lift installation is dependent upon the critical combination of a number of pertinent variables, including well performance index, gas in solution, static reservoir pressure, tubing size and injection gas pressure. The economic performance of the optimum design is dependent upon maintaining a minimum injection gas to produced liquid ratio that relates to minimum adiabatic power associated with recycle gas compression. Examples illustrate this to be accomplished by designing for and maintaining injection gas pressures such that a maximum injection valve depth for the design production rate can be utilized.
Designing for Corrosion Control in Surface Production Facilities
Authors: Watts R. K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In order to design surface production facilities to have the most cost effective service life and meet safety objectives, it is essential to predetermine all aspects of the environment to which the various segments of the system are to be exposed. The design must provide corrosion protection, either by material selection, chemical inhibition, protective coatings and/or impressed electrical currents. In addition, monitoring devices are needed to provide base corrosion rates and to monitor the effectiveness of corrosion inhibition programs.
In order to evaluate the environment, the data must include chemical composition, pressures, temperatures, phase, velocities and percent undissolved solids. Chemicals for inhibition must be evaluated in an environment designed, as far as possible, to simulate the actual process conditions.
The paper discusses the corrosive environment normally encountered in oil field production operations, and practical approaches to evaluation, monitoring, and control methods.
Data Processing Tools Help Optimize Drilling and Related Operations
Authors: Planeix Michéle Y. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Thanks to great technological advances, computer applications, as well as computers themselves, originally limited to huge scientific calculations, have been considerably diversified. Data processing can now be combined with office computer equipment and with telecommunications, to offer a very large range of solutions to various problems.
In order to arrive at a reliable, rational and economically satisfying solution, the computerization study must be above all exhaustive. Most difficulties and failures in this field are due to the fact that some aspect of the problem was underestimated and even perhaps omitted.
When a data processing system is connected to an existing task, it will no doubt disturb it. Very often this situation is not accepted.
Thus the acceptance of such a system depends on mastering the psychological as well as technical and economical factors.
In this paper we'll try to show how data processing can help engineers and field personnel to plan and drill more safely, faster and less expensively; and how it can help managers in administrating and planning. Two poles of interest will be considered: –the field,–the local or head office.
Aditionally we shall show on an example, how the computer can be used to visualize operations timetables where various operations need to be coordinated, by the use of the Program Evaluation and Review Technique. The method is applied to the organization of a blow out kill in our example.
Immersion française et élèves à risques: revue des données de recherche
Authors: Genesee Fred 
Published: December 2007

Abstract: This report reviews results of research on the outcomes of French immersion students with special educational needs related to low levels of general academic ability and low levels of first language ability (and possibly impairment), as well as those of students with difficulty or who are at risk for difficulty in learning to read. Studies of the effectiveness of interventions for such students are also reviewed and analyzed. The report ends with suggestions for future research and educational policy.
Biological Functionalization of a Sol–Gel Coating for the Mitigation of Microbial‐induced Corrosion
Authors: Akid R. , Wang H. , Smith T. J. , Greenfield D. , Earthman J. C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe addition of biocides to water systems has been the most direct attempt to limit or mitigate the formation of surface biofilms that lead to the development of microbial‐induced corrosion (MIC), a process that costs industry millions of pounds annually. The efficacy of this approach is dependent upon a) the biocide being delivered to all water–metal substrate interaction sites and b) the biocide remaining active, therein preventing biofilm development/growth. Anti‐fouling biocide additions to water supplies, or anti‐fungal additives in paints, have an adverse impact upon the environment, for example, tri‐butyl tin is toxic to aquatic life. An alternative non‐toxic approach currently being pursued by the authors involves localizing a biologically active reagent close to the metal substrate. Localization in this case is achieved by synthesizing a hybrid functional sol–gel coating and encapsulating a suitable non‐pathogenic biological component within the sol–gel matrix. Distribution within the sol–gel coating of vegetative bacteria or spores has been confirmed using various microscopy techniques. Electrochemical data in the form of polarization resistance, impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical noise all show that the presence of either P. fragi or P. polymyxa within a sol–gel coating leads to a corrosion resistance improvement at least 10 times that of an equivalent abiotic coating. Confirmation of this improvement is derived from six months of field trial testing conducted in a tidal estuarine environment. Comparative tests that use a control sol–gel coating immersed within nutrient poor artificial seawater that contained freely suspended P. polymyxa reveal no marked improvement over a control sample in the absence of the endospores.
Catalytic Asymmetric Alkynylation and Arylation of Aldehydes by an H8‐Binaphthyl‐Based Amino Alcohol Ligand
Authors: Ruan Jiwu , Lu Gui , Xu Lijing , Li Yue‐Ming , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA novel chiral H8‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐based amino alcohol ligand (1Ra,2S,3R)‐2 has been synthesized and applied in the direct nucleophilic addition of organozincs (alkynylzinc and arylzinc prepared in situ) to aldehydes, yielding the corresponding optically active propargylic alcohols and diarylmethanols in high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities. For the asymmetric arylation reaction, one catalyst (1Ra,2S,3R)‐2 can afford both enantiomers of many pharmaceutically interesting diarylmethanols by a proper combination of various arylzinc reagents and aldehydes.
Inorganic Nanoparticles as Carriers of Nucleic Acids into Cells
Authors: Sokolova Viktoriya , Epple Matthias 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe transfer of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) into living cells, that is, transfection, is a major technique in current biochemistry and molecular biology. This process permits the selective introduction of genetic material for protein synthesis as well as the selective inhibition of protein synthesis (antisense or gene silencing). As nucleic acids alone are not able to penetrate the cell wall, efficient carriers are needed. Besides viral, polymeric, and liposomal agents, inorganic nanoparticles are especially suitable for this purpose because they can be prepared and surface‐functionalized in many different ways. Herein, the current state of the art is discussed from a chemical viewpoint. Advantages and disadvantages of the available methods are compared.
Direct enzymatic glucosylation of naringin in grapefruit juice by α‐D‐glucosidase from the marine mollusc Aplysia fasciata
Authors: Tramice Annabella , Andreotti Giuseppina , Trincone Antonio 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe enzymatic glucosylations of naringin, performed using α‐D‐glucosidase, identified in the Mediterranean mollusc Aplysia fasciata is reported. The enzyme actively operates on maltose and has an interesting transglycosylation potential using this donor. We also investigated the use of this marine α‐glucosidase for a food‐compatible glucosylation of naringin to produce new enzymatically modified carbohydrate possessing naringin derivatives. The regioselective formations of the β‐gluco‐C6 α‐glucosyl derivative and of the corresponding isomaltosyl diglucoside of naringin were obtained in high yield and efficiency of reaction. Suspensions of naringin can be used up to ∼90 mg/mL initial acceptor concentration. In different experiments it was demonstrated that the enzyme was still active after 48 h in presence of this high amount of acceptor and that one of the diasteromers of the naringin is preferred by the enzyme from A. fasciata during glucosylation/deglucosylation enzymatic steps. Finally, the feasibility of efficient naringin glucosylation in grapefruit juice was also demonstrated at optimal pH of the enzyme and low maltose concentrations.
Percutaneous intervention on the saphenous vein bypass grafts—Long‐term outcomes
Authors: Bansal Darpan , Muppidi Raghu , Singla Sandeep , Sukhija Rishi , Zarich Stuart , Mehta Jawahar L. , Sachdeva Rajesh 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground/Objective: In this era of drug eluting stents (DES), the long‐term outcome of percutaneous intervention (PCI) on saphenous venous grafts (SVG) is unknown. The objective of the study was to compare the long‐term outcomes of DES versus bare metal stent (BMS) in this population and to determine the predictors of outcomes. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all patients who had PCI performed during January 2003 to February 2005 to obtain data cardiac risk factors, medications at discharge, angiographic details and outcomes. Results: One hundred and nine patient had PCI to SVG; of these, 37 patients received DES and the remaining had BMS. Over a mean follow‐up of 33 months, the PCI using DES was associated with 30% restenosis, 35% target vessel revascularization (TVR) and major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate of 46% versus 35% restenosis, 38% TVR and 50% MACE rate with BMS. There was no significant difference in long‐term outcome with DES as compared to BMS. Conclusion: There was no difference in the long‐term outcomes of PCI on SVG irrespective of the type of stent used. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient, Simple, One Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐ones Using Phosphorus Pentoxid.
Authors: Deshmukh M. B. , Anbhule Prashant V. , Jadhav S. D. , Mali A. R. , Jagtap S. S. , Deshmukh S. A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.