bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arterial thromboembolic disease: A single‐centre case series study
Authors: Monagle Paul , Newall Fiona , Barnes Chris , Savoia Helen , Campbell Janine , Wallace Timothy , Crock Catherine 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  Paediatric venous thromboembolic disease has been reported with increased frequency during the last decade. In contrast, the pathophysiology of arterial thromboembolic disease in infants and children has not been adequately explored. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, aetiology, diagnostic criteria, management and outcome of arterial thromboembolism (TE) in a tertiary paediatric centre.Methods:  A prospective, single‐centre registry was established at an Australian tertiary paediatric centre in order to address the aim of this study.Results:  One‐hundred‐and‐two arterial thrombotic events occurred in 98 patients during 48 months. Infants were most likely to have a lower limb arterial TE (n = 22) whilst children were most likely to have a central nervous system arterial TE (n = 26). Surgery was a frequent predisposing factor in both infants and children. Doppler ultrasonography, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were the most commonly used diagnostic modalities.Unfractionated heparin was the most frequently used treatment in both age groups. At discharge, 25 infants and twelve children had complete resolution of their arterial TE. Direct thrombosis‐related mortality was 4% in infants and 9% in children. Duration of follow‐up ranged from 1 to 900 days, with thirteen infants and 32 children never achieving complete resolution. Forty‐nine percent of post‐discharge survivors had significant long term sequelae directly attributable to their arterial TE.Conclusion:  Arterial TE occurred as frequently as venous TE in our tertiary paediatric population. The clinical outcome and long term sequelae of such events are significant.
Prevalence of positive tuberculin skin tests in foreign‐born children
Authors: Fortin Kristine , Carceller Ana , Robert Monique , Chevalier Isabelle , Lamarre Valérie , Lebel Marc H 
Published: September 2007

Aims:  To evaluate the prevalence of positive tuberculin skin tests (TST) in internationally adopted and immigrant children. To identify risk factors for positive TST in these populations.Methods:  The study was a retrospective medical record review in a tertiary care pediatric hospital. All children evaluated at the International Adoption and Immigrant Health Clinic of CHU Sainte‐Justine in Montreal, Canada, between 01‐01‐1998 and 31‐12‐2001 were included. Demographic and anthropometrical data, BCG vaccination, TST, chest X‐ray results and treatment were extracted from the medical records of the patients and analyzed. Positive TST was defined as induration = 10 mm, 48 to 72 hours after injection of five tuberculin units of purified protein derivate.Results:  Our population included 670 children: 112 immigrants and 558 adoptees. Median age was 6.9 years for immigrants and 1.1 years for adopted children. Overall incidence of positive TST was 12.2% in our cohort: 31% in the immigrant and 8% in the adopted children groups. There was one case of active tuberculosis. Older age on arrival in Canada and BCG vaccination were identified as risk factors for positive TST in our multivariate model. For each one‐year increase in age on arrival in Canada, there was a 1.2 times greater risk for positive TST.Conclusions:  Latent tuberculosis is a frequent problem in foreign‐born children. The higher incidence in immigrant children can be explained by older age on arrival.
Use of naloxone during neonatal resuscitation in Australia: Compliance with published guidelines
Authors: Gill Andrew W , Colvin Joanne 
Published: September 2007

Aims:  The aims of this study were to describe the use of naloxone during neonatal resuscitation in Australia, and to assess this against the published guidelines for use.Methods:  The states of Queensland, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory record the administration of naloxone in their statutory state perinatal database collections, covering all deliveries within each state. Relevant information was extracted from these databases. In addition, we interrogated the perinatal database from a single tertiary perinatal centre in Western Australia and conducted a chart review of the 100 most recent infants identified as receiving naloxone.Results:  A total of 531 058 liveborn infants from 1994 through 2004 were assessed. The administration of naloxone fell from 4% to 1% of liveborn infants during this period. There was inconsistent compliance with published guidelines. Forty‐two per cent of infants received naloxone without documentation of prior ventilatory support, 14% of infants received naloxone without prior administration of maternal narcotics and 80% of infants were not monitored following naloxone administration. The prevalent route of administration was intramuscular.Conclusions:  Despite a steady decrease in the use of naloxone for neonatal resuscitation, there is a considerable lack of compliance with published guidelines for use. Given the scant evidence supporting naloxone use during neonatal resuscitation and increasing documentation of potential deleterious effects, perhaps it is time to remove naloxone from our resuscitaires.
Disordered eating attitudes and behaviours among adolescents in Hong Kong: Prevalence and correlates
Authors: Tam Carmen KM , Ng Cherry FN , Yu Chak Man , Young Betty WY 
Published: September 2007

Aims:  To study the prevalence of disordered eating attitudes and behaviours among adolescents in Hong Kong and to examine the socio‐demographic and behavioural correlates.Methods:  Three secondary schools with different academic performance were selected from the Eastern District of Hong Kong. A total of 2382 students enrolled in Forms 1–7 at the three schools completed a specially designed questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions on socio‐demographic information, body weight satisfaction, exposure to mass media, health behaviours as well as the Eating Attitudes Test – 26 (EAT‐26). Data were analysed using Student’s t‐test, χ2 analysis and multivariate logistic regression models.Results:  Disordered eating (EAT score ≥20) was present in 52 (3.9%) adolescent boys and 68 (6.5%) adolescent girls. The youngest case was only 11 years old. A high degree of body weight dissatisfaction was shared by our adolescents. Teenage girls, overweight youths and those with poor academic performance were at increased risk of having disordered eating. Strong associations were found between disordered eating and other health‐compromising behaviours including smoking, alcohol and soft drug use, delinquent behaviours, suicidal ideation and self‐harm behaviours. Exposure to entertainment, beauty and youth magazines was positively related to disordered eating.Conclusions:  Disordered eating is prevalent among adolescents in Hong Kong. It remains a significant public health challenge to our community. Prevention programmes targeting youths at the greatest risk should be considered.
Gemcitabine and paclitaxel chemotherapy as a second‐line treatment for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto Kazumasa , Irie Akira , Satoh Takefumi , Okazaki Miyoko , Iwamura Masatsugu , Baba Shiro 
Published: September 2007

Objectives:  We report that a combination of gemcitabine and paclitaxel will effectively treat patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) who have been previously treated with methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (MVAC). The objective of this study was to assess the tumor responses, toxicity, and overall survival of these patients as second‐line treatment.Methods:  Ten eligible patients were enrolled in this study. All patients had been previously treated with MVAC. Patients received paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 on day 1 and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15. The treatment was repeated every 21 days. Tumors were assessed every two cycles by imaging study.Results:  The median number of treatment courses was 4 (range 2–7). Two patients had complete response and five patients had partial response after two courses of treatment. Median overall survival was 10.3 months. Median overall survival from the first MVAC was 19.1 months. Median progression‐free survival was 4.1 months. Of the seven responders, median progression‐free survival was 7.4 months. Myelosuppresion was the most common toxicity. Nonhematologic toxicity consisted of hypersensitivity reactions to paclitaxel. There were no therapy‐related deaths.Conclusions:  Gemcitabine and paclitaxel chemotherapy is a favorable therapeutic alternative for patients with advanced or metastatic UC who have previously been treated with MVAC chemotherapy. Given the safety and benefit profile seen in this study, a large prospective research study is warranted to consider the potential role of gemcitabine and paclitaxel chemotherapy as a second‐line treatment for urothelial cancer.
Eye disease and care at hospital clinics in Cook Islands, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga
Authors: Ramke Jacqueline , Brian Garry , Du Toit Renee 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurpose:  To obtain eye disease and care data to assist with service planning in Cook Islands, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga.Methods:  A hospital‐based rapid assessment including interviews and examination of clinical records.Results:  An overview of equipment, staff and services was attained. Visual impairment was associated with increasing age but not gender of clinic attendees. Cataract was the most common cause of low vision and blindness. A substantial proportion of visually significant cataract, particularly that causing low vision but not blindness, was not offered treatment. The vision outcome of cataract surgery in Fiji was less successful than elsewhere. Only Samoa achieved the World Health Organization suggested outcomes. Refractive error was a significant cause of low vision, but poorly treated. Diabetic retinopathy was a substantial contributor to visual impairment at all locations except the Cook Islands, but not all was treated with laser. Trauma/corneal opacity was an important cause of blindness in Cook Islands and Tonga. Pterygium‐induced low vision and glaucoma blindness were diagnosed most frequently in Samoa.Discussion:  This methodology enabled quick and cost‐efficient collection of data about hospital eye services, the conditions diagnosed and treated, and the outcome of treatment. It could easily be repeated by local clinicians to measure the impact of service planning and implementation. In the four countries audited, the management of, and intervention outcomes for, cataract, refractive error, diabetic retinopathy and trauma need attention.
Age‐related changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in the brain and liver of BN/Bi rats: Striking differences from those in F344 rats emphasize the need for “public observations” for generating a general theory of aging
Authors: Carrillo Maria‐Cristina , Kitani Kenichi , Minami Chiyoko , Maruyama Wakako 
Published: September 2007

Objective:  Age‐related changes in endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities have been widely discussed in relation to mechanisms of organismic aging. However, some discrepancies in this regard can be seen in the published work. The present study aimed to clarify past discrepancies using BN/Bi rats in which no study has been reported in the past.Methods:  Antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were compared in several brain regions and the liver between young (8–9 months) and old (27–29 months) BN/BiRijHsd rats of both sexes.Results:  CAT activities in brain regions were quite comparable between young and old rats of both sexes. SOD activity changes with age also were not remarkable, with the exception of significantly lower Mn‐SOD activities in substantia nigra and hippocampus of old male rats and significantly higher activities of Cu/Zn‐SOD in substantia nigra of old female rats in comparison with respective values in young rats. CAT activities in the liver tended to be lower in old male rats, while in females the opposite was observed. SOD activities in the liver stayed essentially unchanged with age in males, while in females total as well as Cu/Zn‐SOD activities were more than twofold higher in old animals.Conclusion:  These data coupled with previously reported results, indicate that no generalization can be made in terms of age‐related changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. These differences emphasize the need of “public observations” in any attempt to generate a theory for mechanisms of aging based on antioxidant enzyme activity changes with age.
Memory and physical mobility in physically and cognitively‐independent elderly people
Authors: Kimura Nobuyo , Kazui Hiroaki , Kubo Yoshihiko , Yoshida Tetsuhiko , Ishida Yumiko , Miyoshi Noriko , Ogino Atsushi , Doronbekov Talant K , Tokunaga Hiromasa , Ikejiri Yoshitaka , Takeda Masatoshi 
Published: September 2007

Objective:  To examine the relationship between memory and basic physical mobility in an independent elderly population.Methods:  We evaluated memory and physical mobility in 147 persons aged 60 years or older who were physically and cognitively independent. Memory was assessed by using the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT) and a total standardized profile score was used as an index of overall memory status. Additionally, we made a “score independent of walking ability” to exclude the effect of physical mobility on the RBMT score and a “score independent of prospective memory” to exclude the effect of executive function on the RBMT score. Basic physical mobility was assessed by using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). The score was expressed as the time in seconds to perform the sequence of the action required in TUG.Results:  The TUG score significantly correlated with the total standardized profile score (rs = −0.21, P < 0.05) and the scores independent of walking ability (rs = −0.23, P < 0.01) and prospective memory (rs = −0.23, P < 0.01). Controlling for age, sex, education, and the presence of risk factors of cerebrovascular disease did not change the results.Conclusions:  Memory is associated with basic physical mobility in independent elderly people. Because the TUG score significantly correlated with the scores independent of walking ability and prospective memory, the correlation was not a superficial one due to physical mobility or executive function. Our findings suggest that maintaining basic physical mobility can slow memory decline during aging.
Clinical, endocrine and ultrasonographic features of polycystic ovary syndrome in Thai women
Authors: Vutyavanich Teraporn , Khaniyao Vorathep , Wongtra‐ngan Supreeya , Sreshthaputra Opas , Sreshthaputra Rungaroon , Piromlertamorn Waraporn 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim:  To study the prevalence, reproductive hormone profiles and ovarian sonographic appearance of Thai women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods:  One thousand and ninety‐five women were screened for oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, and the clinical symptoms of hyperandrogenism. Ovarian morphology and volume were assessed by ultrasonography in diagnosed cases. Blood was taken for the measurement of the follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone.Results:  The prevalence of PCOS was 5.7%. The mean age of women with PCOS was less than that of non‐PCOS cases (27.4 ± 6.5 and 31.1 ± 6.4 years, respectively; P < 0.0001). Abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility were the leading presenting symptoms. The mean ovarian volume in women with PCO appearance was 9.22 ± 4.36 mL compared to 6.53 ± 3.31 mL in those without this appearance (P = 0.04). Hyperandrogenemia was confirmed in 23 of the 62 cases (37.1%).Conclusions:  The prevalence and clinical presentations of Thai women with PCOS were similar to those in other reports. However, hirsutism, elevated testosterone level and acanthosis nigricans were uncommon in our population. Serum androstenedione was a more sensitive indicator of hyperandrogenemia than total testosterone. Further research is needed to clarify whether there is an ethnic difference in endocrine profiles and risks of metabolic syndrome.
Prophylactic trans‐uterine embolization to reduce intraoperative blood loss for placenta percreta invading the urinary bladder
Authors: Leung Ting‐Kai , Au Heng‐Kien , Lin Yun‐Ho , Lee Chi‐Ming , Shen Li‐Kuo , Lee Wei‐Hsing , Wang Hung‐Jung , Hsiao Wen‐Tien , Chen Ya‐Yen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractReported herein is the case of a 35‐year‐old multipara woman diagnosed (on sonography) with total placenta previa that had ruptured through the myometrium of the uterus, invading the wall of the urinary bladder. In the 32nd week of gestation the patient underwent an emergency cesarean section due to profuse vaginal bleeding. Due to possible intraoperative massive bleeding during removal of the placenta it was decided to preserve the uterus and placenta temporarily. The patient underwent superselective trans‐uterine embolization through the bilateral anterior branches of the hypogastric arteries, using gelfoam cubes and coils. Two days later cesarean hysterectomy was performed, and the placenta was successfully removed from the invaded urinary bladder. The whole procedure went smoothly and the estimated blood loss was only 1300 mL.
The change of plasma endothelin‐1 levels before and after surgery with or without Down syndrome
Authors: KAGEYAMA KYOKO , HASHIMOTO SOSHI , NAKAJIMA YASUFUMI , SHIME NOBUAKI , HASHIMOTO SATORU 
Published: September 2007

SummaryBackground:  The present study aimed to elucidate the pathophysiological roles of endothelin (ET)‐1 in patients with pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular obstructive disease secondary to congenital heart disease and compare the plasma levels of ET‐1 between children with and without Down syndrome.Methods:  Subjects comprised 32 children with congenital heart disease aged 0.5–14 months. Patients were classified into two groups: those with Down syndrome (Group D, n = 16); and those with nonDown syndrome (Group ND, n = 16). Heparinized blood samples were taken from a radial arterial line and plasma ET‐1 levels were measured preoperatively, during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), a few minutes after termination of CPB, and 2, 6 and 24 h after discontinuation of CPB.Results:  Plasma ET‐1 levels were significantly higher in Group D than in Group ND at all times except for a few minutes after termination of CPB. In both groups, peak ET‐1 values were obtained at 6 h after CPB. At 24 h after CPB, ET‐1 concentrations returned to baseline levels before CPB in Group ND, but not in Group D. A correlation was identified between preoperative pulmonary to systemic pressure ratio and ET‐1 concentration before and after CPB in both groups.Conclusions:  Pre‐ and postoperative plasma ET‐1 concentrations reflect pre‐ and postoperative pulmonary artery conditions in both groups. Specific features in Down syndrome could be associated with ET injury and might cause persistent increases in ET concentration and prolong artificial respiration.
Evaluation of [11C]‐choline positron‐emission/computed tomography in patients with increasing prostate‐specific antigen levels after primary treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Rinnab Ludwig , Mottaghy Felix M. , Blumstein Norbert M. , Reske Sven N. , Hautmann Richard E. , Hohl Kathrin , Möller Peter , Wiegel Thomas , Kuefer Rainer , Gschwend Juergen E. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVETo evaluate [11C]‐choline positron‐emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) for detecting clinical recurrence after primary treatment for prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 50 patients with prostate cancer who had had initial therapy (radical prostatectomy in 40, external beam radiation in three and interstitial brachytherapy in seven) had PET/CT using [11C]‐choline in the presence of an increased or increasing prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level. The mean (range) time to biochemical progression was 22 (2–136) months. Current PSA levels were determined in all patients at the time of examination. The results were correlated with the histopathology reports after targeted biopsy or surgery, and with the clinical follow‐up.RESULTSThe mean (median, range) PSA level in patients with positive PET/CT was 3.62 (2.42, 0.5–13.1) ng/mL, and that in patients with a negative scan was 0.90 (0.95, 0.41–1.40) ng/mL. PET/CT was positive in seven of 13 patients with a PSA level of <1.5 ng/mL, and histology was positive in this group in nine. In 17 patients with PSA levels of 1.5–2.5 ng/mL PET/CT was positive in all and the histology was positive in 13; in 11 men with a PSA level of 2.5–5 ng/mL PET/CT was positive in all 11 and the histology was positive in 10; in nine men with PSA levels of >5 ng/mL PET/CT identified all as positive and the histology was positive in eight. The sensitivity at a PSA level of <2.5 ng/mL of PET/CT for detecting recurrence was 91% (95% confidence interval, 71–99%) with a specificity of 50% (16–84)%.CONCLUSION[11C]‐choline PET/CT seems to be useful for re‐staging prostate cancer after curative therapy and with increasing PSA levels; this was verified by histological examination. We recommend this method at PSA levels of <2.5 ng/mL.
High‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is an independent predictor of outcome after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Pierorazio Phillip M. , Lambert Sarah M. , Matsukhani Mahesh , Sprenkle Preston C. , McCann Tara R. , Katz Aaron E. , Olsson Carl A. , Benson Mitchell C. , McKiernan James M. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVETo examine the relationship between the presence of high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) in retropubic radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens and cancer‐specific outcomes, including pathological variables and biochemical disease‐free survival (bDFS), as HGPIN shares many histopathological characteristics with prostate carcinoma and has been considered a precursor lesion to prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe Columbia University Urologic Oncology Database was reviewed; 3460 patients were identified who underwent RP between 1988–2006, and 2133 with or without HGPIN and >12 months of follow‐up were included in the analysis. Analysis of variance methods were used to evaluate the relationship between HGPIN and pathological stage, Gleason sum, perineural invasion, multifocality, extraprostatic extension, margin and nodal status. Kaplan‐Meier analysis with the log‐rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model fitted for preoperative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, Gleason sum and pathological stage were used to assess differences in bDFS.RESULTSIn all, 1885 (88.4%) patients had HGPIN in the RRP specimen and 248 (11.6%) had no HGPIN. There was no significant difference in the distribution of PSA level (P = 0.27), pathological stage (P = 0.18) or Gleason sum (P = 0.84) between patients with and with no HGPIN. The HGPIN‐positive group had higher rates of perineural invasion (69.9 vs 57.5%; P = 0.003) and multifocality (63.0 vs 38.4%; P < 0.001). Patients with no HGPIN had a better bDFS, at 87.3% vs 81.0% at a median follow‐up of 50 months, and 73.6% vs 67.0% at 9 years (P = 0.045). The risk of biochemical failure was 1.9 times greater in the HGPIN‐positive group than the negative group (P = 0.006) when controlling for PSA level, pathological stage and Gleason sum.CONCLUSIONSIn addition to traditional pathological prognostic variables, the absence of HGPIN in RRP specimens, although found in a minority of patients, denotes a significantly lower rate of tumour multifocality, perineural invasion and ultimately biochemical recurrence.