bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorghum SbGhd7 is a major regulator of floral transition and directly represses genes crucial for flowering activation
Authors: Tadesse Dimiru , Yee Estella F. , Wolabu Tezera W. , Wang Hui , Yun Jianfei , Grosjean Nicolas , Kumaran Desigan , Santiago Kassandra , Kong Wenqian , Sharma Ankush , Chen Jianghua , Paterson Andrew H. , Xie Meng , Tadege Million 
Published: March 2024

Summary
Molecular genetic understanding of flowering time regulation is crucial for sorghum development. GRAIN NUMBER, PLANT HEIGHT AND HEADING DATE 7 (SbGhd7) is one of the six classical loci conferring photoperiod sensitivity of sorghum flowering. However, its functions remain poorly studied.
The molecular functions of SbGhd7 were characterized. The gene regulatory network controlled by SbGhd7 was constructed and validated. The biological roles of SbGhd7 and its major targets were studied.
SbGhd7 overexpression (OE) completely prevented sorghum flowering. Additionally, we show that SbGhd7 is a major negative regulator of flowering, binding to the promoter motif TGAATG(A/T)(A/T/C) and repressing transcription of the major florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T 10 (SbFT10) and floral activators EARLY HEADING DATE (SbEhd1), FLAVIN‐BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F‐BOX1 (SbFKF1) and EARLY FLOWERING 3 (SbELF3). Reinforcing the direct effect of SbGhd7, SbEhd1 OE activated the promoters of three functional florigens (SbFT1, SbFT8 and SbFT10), dramatically accelerating flowering.
Our studies demonstrate that SbGhd7 is a major repressor of sorghum flowering by directly and indirectly targeting genes for flowering activation. The mechanism appears ancient. Our study extends the current model of floral transition regulation in sorghum and provides a framework for a comprehensive understanding of sorghum photoperiod response.
The relationship and affecting factors between oral health and frailty in the older people: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Genç Fatma Zehra , Uslu Arzu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the connection between oral health and frailty in older people and to determine the affecting factors.DesignThe research was a community‐based cross‐sectional study.SampleA Family Health Center conducted a study on 321 older people.MeasurementsData were collected face‐to‐face using the Personal Information Form, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index, and Edmonton Frailty Scale. Factors affecting oral health and frailty were examined using the MANOVA test and the relationship between them was examined using Pearson's correlation test.ResultsIt was determined that 52.6% of the participants had poor oral health and 56.1% had different levels of frailty. Education was effective on the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index scale score. The presence of chronic disease, frequency of tooth/denture brushing, age, education, and sex were effective on the Edmonton Frailty Scale. When the partial eta square values were examined, it was determined that the variable that had the highest impact on the GOHAI and EFS scale scores was educational status. It was determined that there was a significant negative relationship between participants' oral health and frailty scores (r = –0.539, p < .001).ConclusionsIt was determined that more than half of the older individuals included in the study had poor subjective oral health and varying levels of frailty. The influencing factors were determined through multivariate advanced analysis. This relationship and affecting factors are important in providing appropriate early detection and care to older people.
Does access to financial services improve nutritional intake among rural residents? Assessing potential action mechanism pathways
Authors: Ankrah Twumasi Martinson , Essilfie Gloria , Dogbe Bright Senyo , Ankrah Ernest Kwarko , Essel Charles Hackman Kwamena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractScholars' attention to the association between access to financial services (FS) and nutritional intake has been profound, looking at the worsening levels of malnutrition worldwide. This research adds to literature by assessing the association between access to FS and nutritional intake among rural dwellers in a developing nation, Ghana. We used the endogenous treatment Poisson regression model to address the problem regarding potential selection bias. The findings emanating from our analysis depict that the linkage between access to FS and nutritional intake is positive. After analyzing potential pathways in the linkage between access to FS and nutritional intake, our findings showed that the adoption of farm technologies and entrepreneurship could serve as essential pathways. Our findings indicate that providing incentives or policies to encourage the establishment of branches of financial institutions in rural areas should be prioritized by policymakers. Also, policies aimed at enhancing entrepreneurship and farm technology adoption should be prioritized. For instance, training programs to empower farmers to adopt new farm technologies and avenues to enrich farmers' entrepreneurship ideas should be considered by policymakers.
Rewriting the flesh of the world for the new human: Merleau‐Ponty, Fanon, and Wynter on the ethics of futurity
Authors: Faust J. Reese 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article reads Maurice Merleau‐Ponty's ontology of the “flesh of the world” alongside the ontology that seems to undergird Frantz Fanon's sociodiagnostics as well as his theory of sociogeny. It argues that reading Fanonian sociogeny in terms of the ambiguity and intercorporeality of the flesh of the world renders the ethical and political imperatives of Fanon's decolonial project all the more pressing, since the “new human” is prefigured—if not totally determined—in the national consciousness obtained by “les damnés” through the decolonization process. It then examines how Sylvia Wynter's Fanonian call to (re)fashion the future of humanness through (re)conceptualizing “being human as praxis,” also seems to rely on this ontology of the flesh of the world. Bringing these arguments together, the article suggests that the conceptual content of the new human can be found in the liberation struggles of les damnés across what Wynter calls the “poverty archipelagos” wrought by colonial humanism. Hence, the “new skin” for which Fanon calls is fashioned through forming international solidarity with les damnés, with the conceptual content of the new humanism emerging sociogenically—and autopoetically—from those struggles themselves.
Long‐term implications of childhood and adolescent popularity for social behavior and status in emerging adulthood
Authors: Chmielowice‐Szymanski Nina S. , Lansu Tessa A. M. , Burk William J. , van den Berg Yvonne H. M. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPeer status is associated with social functioning throughout childhood and adolescence, but little is known about its’ long‐term implications. This study examined longitudinal associations of childhood and adolescent popularity with social behavior and status in emerging adulthood. In line with concurrent associations of popularity with social behavior, we hypothesized that childhood popularity would be associated with a positive, prosocial profile, and adolescent popularity would be associated with a powerful and forceful profile. As research has shown curvilinear associations of popularity with aggression in childhood and adolescence, we also examined whether longitudinal associations were curvilinear. Peer‐nominated popularity was measured at 9 and 16 years of age for 118 longitudinal participants. At age 24, they participated in a survey and an online video call session together with three unfamiliar peers, after which everyone in the session rated each other's social behavior. Results showed significant curvilinear associations of childhood and adolescent popularity with emerging adult social behavior and status. Childhood popularity was associated with positive, prosocial behavior and status indicators, showing that in addition to high childhood popularity, also low childhood popularity was associated with higher peer‐reported positive, prosocial behavior. High adolescent popularity was associated with both positive, prosocial, and powerful and forceful behavior and status indicators, with especially low adolescent popularity associated with lower levels of these behaviors and status in emerging adulthood. Childhood and adolescent popularity were thus uniquely and differentially associated with social behavior and status in emerging adulthood.
Measuring social and emotional functioning as a facet of positive youth development among children and adolescents in special education and mental health treatment
Authors: Bello Brian , Flynn Erin , Geldhof G. John , Yu Dian , Mueller Megan K. , Licardi Kristin , Morris Kevin N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study assessed the validity of a set of social and emotional functioning constructs derived from the PYD short form (PYD‐SF) measure within a sample of children and adolescents with one or more mental health diagnoses related to social, emotional, or behavioral challenges. Using repeated measures design, responses to the PYD‐SF and the Social‐emotional assets and resilience scale were collected over two years from 369 students enrolled in special education. Multilevel factor analyses parsed within‐person variability from between‐person differences to understand the internal consistency of the target measures when used with clinical and special education populations. Associations between the social‐emotional constructs from the PYD‐SF and an assessment of social‐emotional assets and resilience were examined. A two‐level confirmatory factor analysis using seven PYD factors and the Social‐Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale indicated a very good model fit; all factor loadings were statistically significant at both levels. Results supported the validity and internal reliability of the social‐emotional constructs from the PYD‐SF measure for assessing the social and emotional competencies of youth with social, emotional, and/or behavioral challenges, but with the caveat that researchers should consider a higher degree of specificity when using it with youth from this population. The broad factors utilized in previous work should be reframed to emphasize separate types of connection. When keeping this revised framing in mind, the social‐emotional constructs of the PYD‐SF measure provide a tool for teachers, parents, and clinicians to use in treatment planning and identifying strategies to support positive development for diverse youth.
Deep trade agreements and services trade: An analysis based on service trade provisions
Authors: Chen Qifei , Shen Yanzhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOur paper builds a novel panel data sourced from the Regional Trade Agreements Database and Database on International Trade in Services Statistics (ITSS) to explore the heterogeneous effects of service trade agreements on services trade. Then we employ a gravity model with the Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation and obtain the following findings: First, both general service trade agreements and deep service trade agreements promote services trade. Yet, deep trade agreements have a higher trade‐expansion effect (roughly 21.53%) on services trade compared to general ones (16.9%). Next, based on the content of trade‐related provisions, we find provisions of rights of non‐establishment and natural person movement largely increase the services trade, while review provisions do not have a significant impact on services trade. Surprisingly, provisions with MFN status even exhibit a negative relationship with services trade. Third, with whom you sign the agreements matters. Deep trade agreements exert a positive and significant impact on services trade between high‐income countries (NN), low‐income countries (SS) and high‐ to low‐income countries (NS), but are insignificant between low‐ to high‐income countries (SN). Four, emerging regions, including China, may benefit more from deep trade agreements. As indicated by propensity score matching, deep trade agreements reduce service trade costs and improve the business environment more effectively than GTAs. Our empirical results are robust after controlling for the endogeneity of DTAs and GTAs. Our findings provide direct evidence for the role of deep service trade agreements in fostering international economic integration.
Measurement of Thermal Field Temperature Distribution Inside Reaction Chamber for Epitaxial Growth of Silicon Carbide Layer
Authors: Deng Shiwei , Wang Yancheng , Cheng Jiafeng , Shen Wenjie , Mei Deqing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) has been widely utilized in the semiconductor industry for the development of high-power electrical devices. Using chemical vapor deposition to grow a thin epitaxial layer onto the SiC substrate surface with orderly lattice arrangement, good surface morphology, and low doping concentration is required. During epitaxial growth, the high reaction temperature and its distribution are generally difficult to measure and will affect the properties of the epitaxial growth layer. This study presents a thermal-field testing method based on process temperature control rings (PTCRs) to measure the high-temperature distribution inside the epitaxial growth reaction chamber, and to study the effects of reaction chamber structure and epitaxial growth parameters on the quality of the epitaxial layer. The measurement accuracy of PTCRs was characterized using silicon melting experiments and the measuring principle of PTCRs was presented. The thermal field of the reaction chamber was then numerically simulated and compared with experimental results. The experiment results exhibit a temperature gradient of less than 0.4 °C/mm on the surface, indicating good temperature uniformity. Epitaxial growth is an essential process in the fabrication of SiC devices, as it enables the production of layers with precise doping density and thickness. The SiC epitaxial growth experiments were conducted to study the effects of the gas flow ratio and doping flow ratio of three inlet flow channels on the thickness and doping concentration distributions. The results demonstrated that the non-uniformity of thickness and doping concentration of the epitaxial layer were below 1.5% and 4.0%, respectively.
Effect of Laser Shock Peening on Electrochemistry and Wettability of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel
Authors: Over Veronica , Yao Y. Lawrence 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Laser shock peening (LSP) is investigated for its use in altering the electrochemical and wetting behavior of 316L stainless steel made with laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The corrosion performance of LPBF stainless steel varies between studies and build parameters, thus motivating the search for postprocessing methods that enable wetted surface applications. Compressive surface stress has been demonstrated to reduce corrosion rate in additively manufactured metal, and LSP is known to impart compressive residual stress into metal targets. Wettability also affects corrosion behavior, and LSP induces hydrophobicity. LSP is, therefore, a promising tool for improving corrosion behavior of LPBF stainless steel. This paper examines the electrochemical properties of LPBF stainless steel before and after LSP with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiokinetic measurements. Contact angle, surface free energy, and surface finish are studied with dynamic contact angle measurements and profilometry. X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measure residual stress and surface chemistry. The top surface perpendicular to the build direction (XY) and the wall surface parallel with the build direction (XZ) are studied for all measurements due to the large differences in roughness and mechanical properties between these surfaces. LSP increases pitting potential for both XY and XZ surfaces and causes an increase to the surface electrochemical impedance. LSP also increases the contact angle of liquids on both surfaces. These changes to electrochemistry and wettability are attributed in part to surface morphology and surface chemistry alterations as well as the inducement of compressive residual stress.
Histone acetyltransferase Sas3 contributes to fungal development, cell wall integrity, and virulence in
Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Wang Yamei , Fan Jialu , Zhou Zhengyu , Goldman Gustavo H. , Lu Ling , Zhang Yuanwei 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Histone acetyltransferase (HAT)-mediated epigenetic modification is essential for diverse cellular processes in eukaryotes. However, the functions of HATs in the human pathogen
Aspergillus fumigatus
remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the functions of
M
OZ,
Y
bf2/
S
as3, Sas2, and
T
ip60 (MYST)-family histone acetyltransferase something about silencing (Sas3) in
A. fumigatus
. Phenotypic analysis revealed that loss of Sas3 results in significant impairments in colony growth, conidiation, and virulence in the
Galleria mellonella
model. Subcellular localization and Western blot analysis demonstrated that Sas3 localizes to nuclei and is capable of acetylating lysine 9 and 14 of histone H3
in vivo
. Importantly, we found that Sas3 is critical for the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway in
A. fumigatus
as evidenced by hypersensitivity to cell wall-perturbing agents, altered cell wall thickness, and abnormal phosphorylation levels of CWI protein kinase MpkA. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that the conserved glycine residues G641 and G643 and glutamate residue E664 are crucial for the acetylation activity of Sas3. Unexpectedly, only triple mutations of Sas3 (G641A/G643A/E664A) displayed defective phenotypes similar to the Δ
sas3
mutant, while double or single mutations did not. This result implies that the role of Sas3 may extend beyond histone acetylation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that MYST-family HAT Sas3 plays an important role in the fungal development, virulence, and cell wall integrity in
A. fumigatus
.

IMPORTANCE

Epigenetic modification governed by HATs is indispensable for various cellular processes in eukaryotes. Nonetheless, the precise functions of HATs in the human pathogen
Aspergillus fumigatus
remain elusive. In this study, we unveil the roles of MYST-family HAT Sas3 in colony growth, conidiation, virulence, and cell wall stress response in
A. fumigatus
. Particularly, our findings demonstrate that Sas3 can function through mechanisms unrelated to histone acetylation, as evidenced by site-directed mutagenesis experiments. Overall, this study broadens our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of HATs in fungal pathogens.
Histone H2A variant H2A.B is enriched in transcriptionally active and replicating HSV-1 lytic chromatin
Authors: Flores Cortes Esteban , Saddoris Sarah M. , Owens Arryn K. , Gibeault Rebecca , Depledge Daniel P. , Schang Luis M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) transcription is restricted in latently infected neurons and the genomes are in mostly silenced chromatin, whereas all viral genes are transcribed in lytically infected cells, in which the genomes are dynamically chromatinized. Epigenetic regulation modulates HSV-1 transcription during lytic, latent, and reactivating infections but the precise mechanisms are not fully defined. Nucleosomes are dynamic: they slide, breathe, assemble, and disassemble. We and others have proposed that the most dynamic HSV-1 chromatin is transcriptionally competent, whereas the least dynamic is silenced. However, the mechanisms yielding the unusually dynamic viral chromatin remain unknown. Histone variants affect nucleosome dynamics. The dynamics of H2A, H2A.X, and macroH2A were enhanced in infected cells, whereas those of H2A.B were uniquely decreased. We constructed stably transduced cells expressing tagged histone H2A, H2A.B, macroH2A, or H2B, which assembles the H2A/H2B nucleosome dimers with all H2A variants. All H2A variants, as well as ectopic and endogenous H2B were assembled into HSV-1 chromatin evenly throughout the genome but canonical H2A was relatively depleted whereas H2A.B was enriched, particularly in the most dynamic viral chromatin. When viral transcription and DNA replication were restricted, H2A.B became as depleted from the viral chromatin through the entire genome as H2A. We propose that lytic HSV-1 nucleosomes are enriched in the dynamic variant H2A.B/H2B dimers to promote HSV-1 chromatin dynamics and transcriptional competency and conclude that the dynamics of HSV-1 chromatin are determined in part by the H2A variants.

IMPORTANCE
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) transcription is epigenetically regulated during latent and lytic infections, and epigenetic inhibitors have been proposed as potential antiviral drugs to modulate latency and reactivation. However, the detailed epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of HSV-1 transcription have not been fully characterized and may differ from those regulating cellular transcription. Whereas lytic HSV-1 chromatin is unusually dynamic, latent silenced HSV-1 chromatin is not. The mechanisms resulting in the unique dynamics of the lytic chromatin remain unknown. Here we identify the enrichment of the highly dynamic histone 2A variant H2A in the most dynamic viral chromatin, which provides a mechanistic understanding of its unique dynamics. Future work to identify the mechanisms of enrichment in H2A.B on the viral chromatin may identify novel druggable epigenetic regulators that modulate HSV-1 latency and reactivation.