bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal Legal Protection for Bona Fide Third Parties Over Assets in Corruption and Money Laundering Cases
Authors: Patramijaya Arief 
Published: March 2024

Criminal law in Indonesia has yet to guarantee justice and human rights of bona fide (good faith) third parties in protecting their confiscated assets in corruption and money laundering cases. Criminal procedural law is inadequate in providing assessments for bona fide third parties. Therefore, Economics and Anthropology are needed in the investigation stage up to the evidentiary stage during trials. In this research, the main problems are formulated as follows: (1) what is the concept, definition, and scope of the assets of third parties in good faith in the laws and regulations in Indonesia? (2) how is the application of legal provisions regarding the protection of third parties with good intentions in corruption and money laundering? (3) what is the ideal role of the Public Prosecutor and Judge in protecting the property of a third party with good intentions in the criminal justice system? Normative law research conducted in this article showed that (1) the concept and understanding of bona fide third parties in civil law can be adopted in criminal law; (2) the application of legal protection to bona fide third parties over their assets in corruption and money laundering cases still depends on the moral goodness of law enforcement officials; and (3) investigators, prosecutors, and judges play an important role in protecting the human rights of bona fide third parties in corruption and money laundering cases.
Mapping and Harmonizing Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions
Authors: Faisal Faisal , Jumadiah Jumadiah , Tunnur Layla , Diras Diras , Amalia Nanda 
Published: March 2024

Law No. 11/2006 on the Government of Aceh (Aceh Government Law) has mandated Aceh Qanun No. 11/2018 on ShariaFinancial Institutions. A thorough and integrated regulatory infrastructure must support the Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions. The Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions regulates that all Sharia Financial Institutions operating in Aceh must transition from the conventional to the Sharia system. However, in reality, many norms still need to be synchronised with national rules so that Sharia Financial Institutions do not run optimally. This study aims to map and harmonise legal issues and purification of Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions in the future. The method used is normative juridical with a qualitative approach and uses secondary data. The study found that first, the mapping of Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions still has articles that overlap and need to be more technical with the inclusion of the year that has passed. In addition, an article includes administrative sanctions that are not implemented. Then, there are ambiguous norms that cause multiple interpretations. Second, Qanun on Sharia Financial Institutions needs harmonisation with higher laws and regulations. In addition, several Governor and Regent Regulations and other technical rules are required to maximise the implementation. Third, purification is needed by revising articles that overlap with the rules above and harmonising them with national regulations in Islamic finance.
Does the Reform of the Parliamentary and Presidential Threshold Strengthen the Presidential System in Indonesia?
Authors: Rannie Mahesa , Saraswati Retno , Wisnaeni Fifiana 
Published: March 2024

The attempt to purify Indonesia's multiparty presidential system was only reflected after the Third Amendment to the 1945 Constitution. However, it took work to implement it. In practice. Various measures have been taken, including party alliances and introducing voting barriers in parliamentary elections. Therefore, analysing the relationship between electoral thresholds and their ideal proportions in the form of legal-political reforms to strengthen the Indonesian presidential system is interesting. This is in line with the purpose of this study, which is to uncover and analyse the legal politics of electoral thresholds in an attempt to strengthen the presidential system of government in Indonesia. The approach adopted in this study is a theoretical approach with legal, conceptual, comparative and historical approaches. This study concludes that the legitimate political renewal of the electoral vote threshold is not closely related to efforts to strengthen Indonesia's system of multiparty presidential government. The ideal way to reform the legal, political threshold for electoral votes would be to set the parliamentary threshold at 2.5%, but at the same time tighten controls over the parties participating in the election, and the 2.5% threshold serves as President to maintain a balance between the parliamentary and presidential thresholds. In addition, it is also important to strengthen consensus (consensus democracy) among coalition political parties. There is still a desire to abolish the presidential threshold through the People's Representative Council (DPR) instead of the Constitutional Court (MK).
EVALUATION OF THE APPLICATION OF THE ASSURE MODEL BASED ON THE COUNTENANCE STAKE MODEL ON RUKHSAH MATERIAL IN BUILDING EFFECTIVE LEARNING
Authors: Tarsono Tarsono , Fitriani Fitriani , Muchlis Abdul , Nupus Dian , Azizah Nurul , Rosyida Nadya Ilma 
Published: March 2024

The learning process determines student success in learning, so teachers need to build effective learning that supports these achievement goals. This study aims to analyze the evaluation of the application of the ASSURE model based on the Countenance Stake model on rukhsah material in building effective learning at SMP Hikmah Teladan. This research uses a qualitative approach using a descriptive analysis method. The results and conclusions of this study show that the application of the ASSURE model to rukhsah material in SMP Hikmah is exemplary based on the results of evaluation using the countenance stake model has been applied very well and supports building effective learning; the average good student learning outcomes show this.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MIND MAPPING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS BIOGRAFI
Authors: Lestari Seli Tri , Kamarudin Kamarudin , Nurfadilah Nurfadilah , Budiyono Herman 
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Mind mapping dalam kemampuan menulis teks biografi siswa keals X SMA N 8 Muaro Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X MIPA 3 sebagai kelas kontrol. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data yaitu, uji normalitas data, uji homogenitas data, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji t-test, diketahui bahwa nilai sig (2- tailed) hasil post-test sebesar 0.000 lebih kecil dibandingkan nilai taraf signifikansi 0,05. Sehingga hipotesis (Ho) ditolak dan hipotesis (Ha) diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara model pembelajaran mind mapping terhadap kemampuan menulis teks biografi siswa kelas X SMA N 8 Muaro Jambi. Kata Kunci: pengaruh, mind mapping, teks biografi
Dominant gastrointestinal strongylatosis in sheep in the context of the altitudinal zonation in Dagestan
Authors: Zubairova M. M. , Atayev A. M. , Karsakov N. T. , Khasaev A. N. 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the research is to study the epizootology of the dominant gastrointestinal strongylatosis in sheep in different natural zones of Dagestan.Materials and methods. In 2005–2021, 180 forestomachs of the thin and thick sections of the digestive tract and 600 fecal samples from sheep at the altitude (above 2000 m above sea level) were studied based on dissection results. The study was performed by season among young animals aged up to 1 year, from 1 to 2 years and 3 years and older. The study used methods of complete helminthological dissection per K. I. Skryabin, larvae cultivation in a thermostat at 27 оC, and flotation with a saturated ammonium nitrate solution by Kotelnikov-Khrenov and Berman-Orlov.Results and discussion. Helminth infections are recorded among sheep annually on lowland, moist, steppe pastures of the plains and foothills in various combinations of multiple infections with the prevalence of 11.2–18.7% and the infection intensity of 18.5–186.4 sp./animal. In the mountain zone at altitudes above 2000 m above sea level, the quantitative and qualitative indicators of helminthosis pathogens were sharply limited. On these lands, dicrocoeliosis, monieziosis, larval echinococcosis, chabertiosis, haemonchosis, and nematodirosis were recorded in sheep with the prevalence of 3.2–10.4% and the infection intensity of 2.4–6.3 sp./animal. Gastrointestinal Strongylata dominate in sheep on all types of pastures in the lowland, foothill, and mountain zones: Chabertia ovina, Bunostomum trigоnocephalum, Trichostrongylus axei, T. capricola, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. helvetianus, N. oiratianus, and N. spathiger.
ASV (Amplicon Sequence Variant) taxonomic affiliation analysis of <i>Cryptosporidium scrofarum</i> species in pigs in the Vologda Region, the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kryazhev A. L. , Novikov A. S. 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the research is isolation, identification, and analysis of ASV (Amplicon Sequence Variant) types of Cryptosporidia spp. in pigs in the Vologda Region of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The research has been conducted in the Russian Federation for the first time. The research was conducted on pig farms in the Vologda Region of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation from January to October 2023. Feces were taken from piglets of various age groups, as well as milking sows. The samples were studied using the equipment of the resource center “Genomic Technologies, Proteomics and Cell Biology” of ARRIAM. Species of the genus Cryptosporidia were identified in fecal samples using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment amplicon libraries as obtained from nested PCR followed by “denoising”, sequence combining, and restoring the original phylotypes (ASV, (Amplicon Sequence Variant)).Results and discussion. Cryptosporidia spp. species were identified in each age group studied. As a result of high-throughput sequencing of the libraries using the Illumina technology, 20 to 100 thousand nucleotide sequences (reads) were obtained for each sample after processing of which a total of 2,372 ASVs were identified. The analysis of the ASV taxonomic affiliation performed with phylogenetic analysis supplemented by an analysis using the blastn algorithm in the GenBank database showed that, in total, 10 ASVs were only present in all studied samples that had high similarity to sequences deposited in the GenBank as 18S rRNA gene fragments of Cryptosporidium scrofarum. Eight ASV types were unique and did not repeat from farm to farm. Probably, these sequences belong to local populations of C. scrofarum subspecies. Of interest is the discovery of a unique Cryptosporidium sequence of ASV8 type which is only 91.47% similar to the closest relative of the genus, which may indicate a rather distant taxonomic relationship. This type of nucleotide sequence can be further described as a new species. All identified unique ASV nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank.
NA’s Future Peacekeeping Engagement Through a Case of Operation Lifeline in UNMISS
Authors: Thapa Madhab 
Published: March 2024

The essay delves into Nepal's substantial involvement in UN peacekeeping, particularly examining the Nepali Army's role in Operation Lifeline within the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). It traces the historical origins of Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS) and its transformation into Operation Lifeline (OLL) within UNMISS, emphasizing Nepal's enduring commitment to global peace. The narrative focuses on OLL-54, where the Nepali High Readiness Company (NEPHRC) played a crucial role, exceeding agreed-upon limits to ensure the safe passage of the barge in a complex security situation. The essay underscores the operational credibility and professionalism of the Nepali contingents especially NEPHRC, suggesting it as a case for Nepal's unique contribution to future UN peacekeeping efforts. It advocates for the systematic documentation of such experiences, envisioning the development of a unique Nepali peacekeeping model for the world. In conclusion, the essay asserts that Nepal has an opportunity to showcase its commitment and achievements in international peacekeeping, reinforcing its position as a significant contributor to the evolving landscape of UN peace missions.
Nepali Army's (NA) six decades in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping is a reflection of Nepal's enduring commitment to global peace and security. This is not merely a legacy or an aggregate of numbers of participation, achievements, and sacrifices. NA today carries a huge baggage of experience and knowledgebase derived from different peacekeeping environments of conflict zones across the world from as many as 44 traditional and multi-dimensional UN peacekeeping missions. Quite significantly, NA can offer the UN a Nepali peacekeeping model based on lessons acquired through involvement and practice. From each mission and (the number of) contingents in those missions, NA has gathered tremendous lessons and learning (experience) from individuals - leaders and men alike and participating units. Yet very few attempts were made to collect those experiences and bring about inferences for its future application. The author believes that Nepal can contribute to the world with a unique outlook for future UN peacekeeping, which is always evolving. This paper, however, only attempts to discuss Operation Lifeline (OLL) of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) in particular to derive lessons relevant for Nepal/NA to consider for the future.
Sengii Oyun: Reconstructing the Battle Route of a Tuvan Volunteer
Authors: Kharunova Marianna 
Published: March 2024

This article restores the battle route of the Tuvan volunteer Sengii Oyun who was listed as missing in action for 78 years, based on archival materials.
In 1943, the Tuvan People’s Republic sent its volunteers to the Soviet-German front. Among those volunteers, who had to pass a rigorous selection to earn the right to fight on the side of the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany, was Sengii Chymchak oglu Oyun.
In November 1943, after combat training in replacement troops, the volunteers joined the 4th squadron of the 31st Guards Cavalry Regiment of the 8th Guards Cavalry Division. S.C. Oyun participated in the battles of Derazhno, Rovno, Dubno in Ukraine, especially distinguishing himself in the battle near Dubno.
In June 1944, Tuvan volunteers returned to their homeland, but Sengii Oyun was not among them. He had been listed as missing in action until 2022, and it is not until after the request of his relatives, owing to painstaking work of the employees of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, that his battle route was restored.
Sengii Oyun and some of his fellow soldiers had got behind their troops’ train, following which he was appointed a machine gunner of the 95th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 31st Guards Rifle Division. In the summer of 1944, he took part in the battles for the liberation of Belorussia and Lithuania.
Sengii Chymchak oglu Oyun died on October 21, 1944 in a battle in Eastern Prussia.
Chinggis Khan and the Idea of World Domination
Authors: Drobyshev Yuliy 
Published: March 2024

The article proposes a solution to the question of Temujin/ Chinggis Khan’s plans for world domination. Based on reports of a number of medieval sources, the author comes to the conclusion that his military campaigns pursued specific goals mostly to take revenge on numerous enemies and were not a part of a common aggressive plan. After uniting nomadic tribes and pacifying borderlands, Chinggis Khan usually reacted severely to external challenges, and his first campaignto Xi Xia and Jin were predatory. At the same time, the war did not always imply seizure of foreign territories, or the Mongols at first limited themselves to their partial annexation. In process of revealing Chinggis Khan’s motivations, his testament to descendants is of great importance. Sources refute an idea that the dying khan bequeathed to complete his world conquests. In fact, his political testament is boiled down to the following: he approved Ogedei as his successor, ordered his sons to obey the new ruler and to do away with Tanguts, Jurchens, and Kipchaks. All these points were subsequently fulfilled. Chinggis Khan’s deathbed speeches do not contain words about the need to seize the whole earth. Plano Carpini was one of the first to attribute him such a will, but the source of his information is unknown. Most likely, the idea of world domination was formed by the Mongols during the reign of Ogedei, and then it began to be ascribed to the founder of the Mongol Empire, which probably arose in spite of his desire.
On the coordinate change in the Turkish literary process
Authors: Repenkova Maria M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In this study, the author examines the literary landscape in Turkey given the new dimension opened by the vertical gradation of fiction. The division of literature into high literature (classic), middle-tier (Belles-lettres), and low-tier literature (for mass consumption) is becoming increasingly prominent. Belles-lettres seems to be the most mobile of those, with its representatives being able to, over time, find themselves both at the top and the bottom rung of this paradigm. Zülfü Livaneli&apos;s works straddle the line between the high literature and belles-lettres, while books by Barış Müstecaplıoğlu are a perfect example of mass literature becoming regarded as belles-lettres. Another productive approach is horizontal gradation – dividing modern Turkish literature into genres. This is especially true for mass literature, where a clear classification into genres and subgenres is pretty much a precondition for existence. The study singles out such genres of mass literature as detective novels, women&apos;s romance novels, and historical adventure novels. Speculative fiction occupies a special place in this, with its genre affiliation being a topic of major discussions. The Turkish literature of the 2000s features several principal genres of speculative fiction: sci-fi (K. Kutlu, G. Berkkan, H. Balçı) with alternative history being a part of such (G. Dayıoğlu, H. Kakınç); fantasy with its subgenres of urban fantasy (S. Yemni, S. Atasoy, G. Elikbank, F. O. Şeran, C. Yücel), &quot;sword and sorcery&quot; fantasy (B. Müstecaplıoğlu, A. Aras, G. Canbaba) and dark fantasy (S. Ersin, G. Öğüt), as well as the genre of dystopia (A. Şaşa). In conclusion, the author argues that analyzing literary pieces necessitates operating with both the vertical and horizontal paradigms simultaneously.
The United States’ Intervention in Afghanistan: the Dysfunction of a Centralized Authority in a Diverse Nation
Authors: Safranchuk Ivan A. 
Published: March 2024

This article reviews the US-led nation-building strategy effort in Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The history of the nation-building efforts is retraced from the creation of the Republic to its ultimate collapse. The central argument of the paper stresses the dysfunctionality of the centralization approach adopted by several successive administrations in Kabul with the backing of the United States. The inquiry reveals the problems of implementation of this strategy as well as the failure of this idea in general. In terms of implementation, centralization efforts were met with widespread corruption and cronyism. A more important aspect of the problem is that the centralization strategy did not account for the diversity of the Afghan society. Ethnic coalitions struggled for power inside the country, countering the efforts of the central administration headed by the president to extend its influence beyond Kabul. These processes transformed Afghan politics into a zero-sum game rendering the whole nation-building effort ineffective. In the end, the Republic collapsed with withdrawal of the foreign presence essentially confirming the dysfunctionality of centralization approach. Currently, the Taliban relies on essentially the same strategy although being deprived of foreign aid. Whether this effort to re-assert Pashtun dominance in the absence of foreign intervention will succeed remains to be seen.
Sumpa Khenpo Yeshe Peljor (1704–1788): Life and work of the Oirat Buddhist scholar
Authors: Garri Irina 
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes life and work of a famous Oirat Buddhist scholar Sumpa-kenpo Yeshe Peljor (1704–1788). He was born in 1704 in Amdo, south of Lake Kokonor, in a family of Oirat Mongols. At the age of 7, he was recognized as a reincarnation of the abbot of Gonglung Monastery. In 1723 he went to study in Central Tibet at the Gomang-datsan of the Drepung Monastery. While studying in the dastan, he urged monks of the Lhasa monasteries not to join the army during the civil war of 1727-1728 between the provinces of U and Tsang. In gratitude for the service, the ruler of Tibet, Polhane, appointed him the abbot (khenpo) of the Dreyu Kyitse monastery, after which he became known as Sumpa-kenpo. In 1731, at the age of 28, he returned in Amdo. In 1735, he went to Beijing, the capital of the Qing Empire, at the invitation of Emperor Qianlong. The collection of works of Sumpa-kenpo comprose eight volumes and 68 compositions. The most among then are the “Pagsam-Jonsang” (Wish-fullfilling tree) and the “History of Kokonor”. His work alsos include numerous texts on philosophy, the art of making statues and thangka, medicine, astrology, poetics, correspondence, etc. From 1771, Sumpa-kenpo began to visit Mongolia. Sumpa-kenpo Yeshe Peljor became a key figure in the cultural renaissance of Amdo in the 18th century and the spread of Buddhism in Inner Mongolia. In 1788, Sumpa-kenpo Yeshe-Peljor died at the age of 85, leaving behind a rich sholarly and spiritual legacy.
Japan’s agricultural policy towards food security improvement. Key strategies, initiatives and outcomes
Authors: Emelyanova Olesya 
Published: March 2024

Food security in Japan has been under observation of analytics in both Japan and abroad as it is one of the key national security issues. Leading academic researchers of this issue in Japan include Suzuki N., Takeya T., Yamamoto R. and Oguchi H. However, the main focus of their analysis is the social aspect. The English language literature provides more materials on food security problem, but the situation is changing faster than information flows across the border. It means that the most up-to-date resources for analysis of the topic are the documents of the Japanese official institutions.
Based on the Global Food Security Index (which takes into account the issues of food affordability, availability, quality and natural resources resilience), Japan is considered to be 6th most self-sufficient country in the world. However, the Japanese government still sees the national food security issue as problematic for the country’s stability due to heavy dependency on agricultural import.
To overcome the trend, Japan utilizes multiple mechanisms to eventually improve agricultural self-sufficiency. The main focus is kept on the following 4 critical levers – i) productivity improvement, ii) agricultural employment improvement, iii) demand shift towards traditional dietary and new markets opening and iv) SDG agenda. The research also provides a case study of technologies implemented in the agricultural field in Japan in order to improve the self-sufficiency level. Moreover, emphasis is made on the government policies to develop the local market and to build the new markets abroad for the domestic farmers’ production expansion.