bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental changes of oxalate excretion in enterally fed preterm infants
Authors: Illsinger S. , Lücke T. , Vaske B. , Schmidt K.‐H. , Bohnhorst B. , Das A. M. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryTo further substantiate gestational age‐related changes in oxalate excretion, we studied urinary oxalate excretion in 66 preterm infants born at 23.4–34.7 weeks of gestation. Spot urine of 66 preterm infants was analysed by ion chromatography as soon as they were completely orally fed with enriched breast milk and/or special preterm milk formula (days 7 to 57 of postnatal life). Infants with evidence of renal, gastrointestinal, muscular or metabolic disease were not included. Newborns on parenteral nutrition were excluded. Oxalate/creatinine ratios (Ox/Cr) decreased with gestational age (three age groups: group 1, 23 0/7–28 0/7; group 2, 28 1/7–32 0/7; and group 3, 32 1/7–35 0/7 weeks of gestation). The mean Ox/Cr was highest in group 1 (398.2 mmol/mol ± 116.8; n = 21). Differences between groups 1 + 3 were statistically significant; p = 0.001; those between groups 1 + 2 and between groups 2 + 3 were not. Ox/Cr correlated inversely with gestational and maturational age (r = −0.41, p = 0.001; r = −0.33, p = 0.007) and positively with postnatal age (r = 0.32, p = 0.008). It correlated inversely with birth weight as well as actual weight at sample collection (r = −0.46 and −0.44, p < 0.001). Ox/Cr was significantly linked to energy and carbohydrate intake (r = 0.3 and 0.4, p = 0.03 and 0.001). These results were independent of sex. In the present study we show that urinary oxalate excretion in preterm infants depends on gestational age.
Effect of pH on the Interaction of Gold Nanoparticles with DNA and Application in the Detection of Human p53 Gene Mutation
Authors: Sun Liping , Zhang Zhaowu , Wang Shuang , Zhang Jianfeng , Li Hui , Ren Lei , Weng Jian , Zhang Qiqing 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are widely used to detect DNA. We studied the effect of pH on the assembly/disassembly of single-stranded DNA functionalized GNPs. Based on the different binding affinities of DNA to GNPs, we present a simple and fast way that uses HCl to drive the assembly of GNPs for detection of DNA sequences with single nucleotide differences. The assembly is reversible and can be switched by changing the solution pH. No covalent modification of DNA or GNP surface is needed. Oligonucleotide derived from human p53 gene with one-base substitution can be distinguished by a color change of the GNPs solution or a significant difference of the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax), compared with wildtype sequences. This method enables detection of 10 picomole quantities of target DNA.
Studying the Influence of Alumina Catalysts Doped with Tin and Zinc Oxides in the Soybean Oil Pyrolysis Reaction
Authors: Quirino Rafael L. , Tavares André P. , Peres Antônio C. , Rubim Joel C. , Suarez Paulo A. Z. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe pyrolysis of vegetable oils consists of cracking triglycerides to produce smaller molecules. A mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, such as carboxylic acids and aldehydes, is obtained as the product and which can be separated by fractional distillation. When the reaction is carried out in the absence of catalysts (thermal cracking), a great quantity of these oxygenated compounds is obtained. Thus, the presence of those oxygenated compounds in the products results in a high level of acidity, which can be a problem when using them as fuels in combustion engines. The aim of this work was to study the composition of the products obtained by cracking of vegetable oils assisted by γ‐alumina doped with zinc and tin oxides. The products were analyzed by FT‐IR, GC‐MS and GC‐FID and the acid number was determined by titration with alcoholic KOH solution. The acid number, infrared spectra and chromatograms of the resulting hydrocarbon mixtures indicated a significant reduction in oxygenated compounds when compared with the mixtures obtained by the thermal cracking process, thus decreasing the acidity of the mixture.
How could host discrimination abilities influence the structure of a parasitoid community?
Authors: van Baaren J. , Le Lann C. , Pichenot J. , Pierre J.S. , Krespi L. , Outreman Y. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThree relatedAphidiusparasitoid species share the same host, the grain aphidSitobion avenae. Among this parasitoid community,Aphidius rhopalosiphiis the most abundant species in the field. Both the interspecific host discrimination ofA. rhopalosiphitowards hosts parasitized by the two other species (i.e.A. avenaeandA. ervi) and the interspecific host discrimination of the two other species towards hosts parasitized byA. rhopalosiphiwere studied here. Results showed that females ofA. rhopalosiphiandA. avenaeboth discriminated between unparasitized hosts and hosts parasitized by the other species. This discrimination occurred only after ovipositor insertion, suggesting the perception of an internal marker of parasitism. Likewise, females ofA. rhopalosiphiandA. erviwere able to discriminate between unparasitized hosts and hosts parasitized by the other species. However, in this combination of species, recognition of parasitized hosts occurred before ovipositor insertion, through an antennal perception, suggesting the presence an external cue indicating parasitism. Hence, interspecific host discrimination in the threeAphidiusspecies is based on internal or external cues, which are used either alone or together. Our results showed that the cues used for interspecific host discrimination depend on the specific identity of the interaction. These differences seemed strongly linked to the way the different species respond to defensive behaviours of their aphid hosts. Results are discussed in the context of optimal foraging and possible consequences for community structure.
The influence of late-stage pupal irradiation and increased irradiated: un-irradiated male ratio on mating competitiveness of the malaria mosquito Anopheles arabiensis Patton
Authors: Helinski M.E.H. , Knols B.G.J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCompetitiveness of released males in genetic control programmes is of critical importance. In this paper, we explored two scenarios to compensate for the loss of mating competitiveness after pupal stage irradiation in males of the malaria mosquito Anopheles arabiensis. First, competition experiments with a higher ratio of irradiated versus un-irradiated males were performed. Second, pupae were irradiated just prior to emergence and male mating competitiveness was determined.Males were irradiated in the pupal stage with a partially or fully-sterilizing dose of 70 or 120 Gy, respectively. Pupae were irradiated aged 20–26 h (young) as routinely performed, or the pupal stage was artificially prolonged by cooling and pupae were irradiated aged 42–48 h (old). Irradiated males competed at a ratio of 3:1:1 to un-irradiated males for mates in a large cage design.At the 3:1 ratio, the number of females inseminated by males irradiated with 70 Gy as young pupae was similar to the number inseminated by un-irradiated males for the majority of the replicates. At 120 Gy, significantly fewer females were inseminated by irradiated than by un-irradiated males. The irradiation of older pupae did not result in a significantly improved male mating competitiveness compared to the irradiation of young pupae.Our findings indicate that the loss of competitiveness after pupal stage irradiation can be compensated for by a threefold increase of irradiated males, but only for the partially-sterilizing dose. In addition, cooling might be a useful tool to facilitate handling processes of large numbers of mosquitoes in genetic control programmes.
Strong cytoplasmic incompatibility and high vertical transmission rate can explain the high frequencies ofWolbachiainfection in Japanese populations ofColias erate poliographus(Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: Narita S. , Shimajiri Y. , Nomura M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWolbachia, belonging toAlphaproteobacteria, is ubiquitously found in arthropods and filarial nematodes, and is known to manipulate the reproduction of its hosts in various ways, such as feminization, male killing, induction of parthenogenesis or induction of cytoplasmic incompatibility. We found that theWolbachiainfection frequencies of the butterflyColias erate poliographuswere high (85.7–100%) in seven Japanese populations. Crossing experiments and rearing revealed that theWolbachiastrain exhibited strong cytoplasmic incompatibility and perfect vertical transmission inC. erate poliographus. Moreover, a comparison of the survival rates between infected and cured broods suggested thatWolbachiainfection had beneficial effects on host fitness. Our findings suggested that the high infection frequencies in Japanese populations have been accomplished by these advantageous traits of theWolbachiastrain. Furthermore, the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme revealed that theWolbachiainC. erate poliographusis a novel strain (ST141), belonging to supergroup B.
Tessellation and Lyubich–Minsky laminations associated with quadratic maps, I: pinching semiconjugacies
Authors: KAWAHIRA TOMOKI 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe constructtessellationsof the filled Julia sets of hyperbolic and parabolic quadratic maps. The dynamics inside the Julia sets are then organized by tiles which play the role of the external rays outside. We also construct continuous families of pinching semiconjugacies associated with hyperbolic-to-parabolic degenerationswithoutusing quasiconformal deformation. Instead, we achieve this via tessellation and investigation of the hyperbolic-to-parabolic degeneration of linearizing coordinates inside the Julia set.
Poisson suspensions and infinite ergodic theory
Authors: ROY EMMANUEL 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigate the ergodic theory of Poisson suspensions. In the process, we establish close connections between finite and infinite measure-preserving ergodic theory. Poisson suspensions thus provide a new approach to infinite-measure ergodic theory. Fields investigated here are mixing properties, spectral theory, joinings. We also compare Poisson suspensions to the apparently similar looking Gaussian dynamical systems.
Global properties of a family of piecewise isometries
Authors: GOETZ AREK , QUAS ANTHONY 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigate a basic system of a piecewise rotations acting on two half-planes. We prove that for invertible systems, an arbitrary neighbourhood of infinity contains infinitely many periodic points surrounded by periodic cells. In the case where the underlying rotation is rational, we show that all orbits remain bounded, whereas in the case where the underlying rotation is irrational, we show that the map is conservative (satisfies the Poincaré recurrence property). A key part of the proof is the construction of periodic orbits that shadow orbits for certain rational rotations of the plane.
Lambda-topology versus pointwise topology
Authors: ROY MARIO , SUMI HIROKI , URBAŃSKI MARIUSZ 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with families of conformal iterated function systems (CIFSs). The space CIFS(X,I) of all CIFSs, with common seed space X and alphabet I, is successively endowed with the topology of pointwise convergence and the so-calledλ-topology. We show just how bad the topology of pointwise convergence is: although the Hausdorff dimension function is continuous on a dense Gδ-set, it is also discontinuous on a dense subset of CIFS(X,I). Moreover, all of the different types of systems (irregular, critically regular, etc.), have empty interior, have the whole space as boundary, and thus are dense in CIFS(X,I), which goes against intuition and conception of a natural topology on CIFS(X,I). We then prove how good the λ-topology is: Roy and Urbański [Regularity properties of Hausdorff dimension in infinite conformal IFSs. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.25(6) (2005), 1961–1983] have previously pointed out that the Hausdorff dimension function is then continuous everywhere on CIFS(X,I). We go further in this paper. We show that (almost) all of the different types of systems have natural topological properties. We also show that, despite not being metrizable (as it does not satisfy the first axiom of countability), the λ-topology makes the space CIFS(X,I) normal. Moreover, this space has no isolated points. We further prove that the conformal Gibbs measures and invariant Gibbs measures depend continuously on Φ∈CIFS(X,I) and on the parameter t of the potential and pressure functions. However, we demonstrate that the coding map and the closure of the limit set are discontinuous on an important subset of CIFS(X,I).
A family of entire functions with Baker domains
Authors: FLEISCHMANN DOMINIQUE S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn his paper [The iteration of polynomials and transcendental entire functions. J. Aust. Math. Soc. (Series A)30 (1981), 483–495], Baker proved that the function f defined by has a Baker domain for c sufficiently large. In this paper we use a novel method to prove that f has a Baker domain for all c>0. We also prove that there exists an open unbounded set contained in the Baker domain on which the orbits of points under f are asymptotically horizontal.
Augmented dimension groups and ordered cohomology
Authors: BARGE MARCY , SMITH MEGAN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe show that the ordered MatsumotoK0-group of a substitutive system is derivable from the ordered Čech cohomology of a simple ‘augmentation’ of the tiling space associated with the substitution. Besides supplying a topological interpretation of the MatsumotoK0-group, this leads to finer invariants of the flow equivalence class of a substitutive system.
A classification of explosions in dimension one
Authors: SANDER E. , YORKE J. A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA discontinuous change in the size of an attractor is the most easily observed type of global bifurcation. More generally, anexplosionis a discontinuous change in the set of recurrent points. An explosion often results from heteroclinic and homoclinic tangency bifurcations. We prove that, for one-dimensional maps, explosions are generically the result of either tangency or saddle-node bifurcations. Furthermore, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for generic tangency bifurcations to lead to explosions.
Databases for assessing the outcomes of the treatment of patients with congenital and paediatric cardiac disease – the perspective of cardiac surgery
Authors: Jacobs Marshall Lewis , Jacobs Jeffrey Phillip , Franklin Rodney C.G. , Mavroudis Constantine , Lacour-Gayet Francois , Tchervenkov Christo I. , Walters Hal , Bacha Emile A. , Clarke David Robinson , William Gaynor J. , Spray Thomas L. , Stellin Giovanni , Ebels Tjark , Maruszewski Bohdan , Tobota Zdzislaw , Kurosawa Hiromi , Elliott Martin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis review includes a brief discussion, from the perspective of cardiac surgeons, of the rationale for creation and maintenance of multi-institutional databases of outcomes of congenital heart surgery, together with a history of the evolution of such databases, a description of the current state of the art, and a discussion of areas for improvement and future expansion of the concept. Five fundamental areas are reviewed: nomenclature, mechanism of data collection and storage, mechanisms for the evaluation and comparison of the complexity of operations and stratification of risk, mechanisms to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the data, and mechanisms for expansion of the current capabilities of databases to include comparison and sharing of data between medical subspecialties. This review briefly describes several European and North American initiatives related to databases for pediatric and congenital cardiac surgery the Congenital Database of The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, the Congenital Database of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium, and the Central Cardiac Audit Database in the United Kingdom. Potential means of approaching the ultimate goal of acquisition of long-term follow-up data, and input of this data over the life of the patient, are also considered.
Databases for assessing the outcomes of the treatment of patients with congenital and paediatric cardiac disease – the perspective of cardiology
Authors: Jenkins Kathy J. , Beekman III Robert H. , Bergersen Lisa J. , Everett Allen D. , Forbes Thomas J. , Franklin Rodney C. G. , Klitzner Thomas S. , Krogman Otto N. , Martin Gerard R. , Webb Catherine L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis review includes a brief discussion, from the perspective of the pediatric cardiologist, of the rationale for creation and maintenance of multi-institutional databases of outcomes of the treatment of patients with congenital and paediatric cardiac disease, together with a history of the evolution of such databases, and a description of the current state of the art. A number of projects designed to have broad-based impact are currently in the design phase, or have already been implemented. Not surprisingly, most of the efforts thus far have focused on catheterization procedures and interventions, although some work examining other aspects of paediatric cardiology practice is also beginning. This review briefly describes several European and North American initiatives related to databases for pediatric and congenital cardiology including the Central Cardiac Audit Database of the United Kingdom, national database initiatives for pediatric cardiology in Switzerland and Germany, various database initiatives under the leadership of the Working Groups of The Association for European Paediatric Cardiology, the IMPACT Registry™ (IMproving Pediatric and Adult Congenital Treatment) of the National Cardiovascular Data Registry® of The American College of Cardiology Foundation® and The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), the Mid-Atlantic Group of Interventional Cardiology (MAGIC) Catheterization Outcomes Project, the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes (C3PO), the Congenital Cardiovascular Interventional Study Consortium (CCISC), and the Joint Council on Congenital Heart Disease (JCCHD) National Quality Improvement Initiative. These projects, each leveraging multicentre data and collaboration, demonstrate the enormous progress that has occurred over the last several years to improve the quality and consistency of information about nonsurgical treatment for congenital cardiac disease. The paediatric cardiology field is well-poised to move quickly beyond outcome assessment and benchmarking, to collaborative quality improvement.
Databases for assessing the outcomes of the treatment of patients with congenital and paediatric cardiac disease – the perspective of anaesthesia
Authors: Vener David F. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Schindler Ehrenfried , Maruszewski Bohdan , Andropoulos Dean 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society was formed in 2005 by representatives from many of the busiest congenital cardiac surgical programs in North America and is now in the process of partnering with The Society of Thoracic Surgeons to create a joint congenital cardiac surgery and congenital cardiac anaesthesia database. Even the busiest of congenital cardiac programs have a low frequency of anaesthesia-related cardiac complications and deaths. One of the only mechanisms for accurately determining the incidence and outcomes of low frequency events is to aggregate large amounts of data from multiple sources. To that end, the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society has joined with the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Database Task Force to incorporate anaesthesia-specific data points into their surgical registry, which is now the largest single reporting site for children and adults undergoing surgical repair of congenital cardiac malformations in North America. The Joint Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society – Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database will therefore become an optional module of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database. Initial data fields have been selected and are presented in this article.Efforts are ongoing to make this initiative a global project. Initial collaborative discussions have taken place about the possibility of linking this initiative with the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologists. It is certainly possible and desirable that the planned anaesthesia module of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Database has an identical module in the congenital heart database of The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery and The European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association. This project should also ideally spread beyond North America and Europe. Efforts to involve Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America are necessary and already underway. The creation of a joint cardiac surgery and anaesthesia database is another step towards the ultimate goal of creating a database for congenital heart disease that spans both geographical and subspecialty boundaries.
Arrhythmic complications associated with the treatment of patients with congenital cardiac disease: consensus definitions from the Multi-Societal Database Committee for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Deal Barbara J. , Mavroudis Constantine , Jacobs Jeffrey Phillip , Gevitz Melanie , Backer Carl Lewis 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA detailed hierarchal nomenclature of arrhythmias is offered with definition of its applications to diagnosis and complications. The conceptual and organizational approach to discussion of arrhythmias employs the following sequence: location – mechanism – aetiology – duration. The classification of arrhythmias is heuristically divided into an anatomical hierarchy: atrial, junctional, ventricular, or atrioventricular. Mechanisms are most simplistically classified as either reentrant, such as macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia, previously described as atrial flutter, or focal, such as automatic or micro-reentrant tachycardia, for example, junctional ectopic tachycardia. The aetiology of arrhythmias can be either iatrogenic, such as postsurgical, or non-iatrogenic, such as genetic or congenital, and in many cases is multi-factorial. Assigning an aetiology to an arrhythmia is distinct from understanding the mechanism of the arrhythmia, yet assignment of a possible aetiology of an arrhythmia may have important therapeutic implications in certain clinical settings. For example, postoperative atrial arrhythmias in patients after cardiac transplantation may be harbingers of rejection or consequent to remediable imbalances of electrolytes. The duration, frequency of, and time to occurrence of arrhythmia are temporal measures that further refine arrhythmia definition, and may offer insight into ascription of aetiology. Finally, arrhythmias do not occur in a void, but interact with other organ systems. Arrhythmias not only can result from perturbations of other organ systems, such as renal failure, but can produce dysfunction in other organ systems due to haemodynamic compromise or embolic phenomena.