bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIC GENERALITY VERSUS MATHEMATICAL GENERICITY: ACTIVITY‐LEVEL INDETERMINACY AND THE INDEX THEOREM IN CONSTANT RETURNS PRODUCTION ECONOMIES
Authors: Fratini Saverio M. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTWhen the mathematical concept of genericity was arrived at in economics, it was meant more or less as a synonym for generality. Referring to constant return production economies, we will argue that this is not always the case. In particular, the representation of technology that is mathematically generic is not at all general for economists. We will see that in cases that are economically general, but not mathematically generic, activity‐level indeterminacy may occur. In these cases, Kehoe's index theorem, a well‐known result of the application of the differentiable approach to production economies, becomes unusable.
Age of SERPINA1 Gene PI Z Mutation: Swedish and Latvian Population Analysis
Authors: Lace B. , Sveger T. , Krams A. , Cernevska G. , Krumina A. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryAlpha 1‐antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency, one of the most common inborn errors of metabolism in Caucasians, is characterized by a low serum concentration of A1AT and a high risk of pulmonary emphysema and liver disease. The allelic frequency for the most common protease inhibitor (PI) Z mutation in the SERPINA1 gene is 2–5% in Caucasians of European descent.The objective of our study was to estimate the PI Z mutation age using molecular analysis in Latvian and Swedish populations, which have the highest frequency of PI Z mutation.DNA samples of heterozygous and homozygous PI Z allele carriers from Latvia (n = 21) and Sweden (n = 65) were analysed; 113 unrelated healthy donors from Latvia were used as a control group. MALDI‐TOF analysis was performed on all samples. Pairwise Fst was computed to compare the PI Z mutation ages between the two populations and controls. A p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Analysis of non‐recombinant SNPs revealed that the PI Z mutation age was 2902 years in Latvia (SD 1983) and 2362 years in Sweden (SD 1614) which correlates with previous studies based on microsatellite analysis.
Scottish toolkit for knowledge management
Authors: Caldwell Lynn , Davies Sandra , Stewart Fiona , Thain Annette , Wales Ann 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground : Using specific examples, this paper describes the tools, methods and resources used to develop Managed Knowledge Networks (MKNs) within the NHS Scotland e‐Library (http://www.elib.scot.nhs.uk). MKNs help to complete the knowledge management cycle by providing a place to share the learning and discuss the evidence for practice through combining the use of the published material (explicit knowledge) with the experience and knowledge held by individuals, communities and organizations (tacit knowledge).Objectives : First of all, this paper outlines the e‐Library infrastructure, which provides an inter‐operable framework to manage the published knowledge using a metadata management system; and a knowledge‐sharing tool to support the development of MKNs. It then covers the various stages involved in developing an MKN: gathering and analysing information needs in a variety of ways; presenting and organizing the resources and services for the users as identified in the needs analysis; managing the tacit, personal and local knowledge.Conclusion : The toolkit described enables the Knowledge Services Group to take the needs of users, transcribe these into Specialist e‐Libraries to provide access to the published information and to support this with accessing and sharing the knowledge of colleagues via MKNs.
Online anatomy and physiology: piloting the use of an anatomy and physiology e‐book–VLE hybrid in pre‐registration and post‐qualifying nursing programmes at the University of Salford
Authors: Raynor Michael , Iggulden Helen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground : Anatomy and physiology (A&P) teaching and learning in nursing curricula poses problems for educators because of the often varying levels of students’ background knowledge. This study reports on a pilot project that attempted to normalize these differentials by delivering A&P teaching using an online interactive e‐book–virtual learning environment (VLE) hybrid.Objectives : Evaluate the effectiveness of using an online interactive resource to deliver A&P teaching.Methods : Data were collected from pre‐registration and post‐qualifying students by questionnaire and observation, and from lecturers by structured interviews. Scale‐up issues were identified and documented as part of support for the ongoing pilot.Results : The pre‐registration group encountered problems accessing the resource and yielded evidence to suggest that inexperienced learners require a high level of direction to use the resource effectively. The post‐qualifying group benefited from the resource's interactive elements and 24/7 availability. There was clear evidence that the group were able to relate knowledge gained from the resource to practice.Conclusions : This hybrid has great potential to add value to A&P learning on nursing programmes at post‐qualifying level. The resource could replace its printed equivalent; however, negotiations need to take place between institutions and publishers in order to resolve scale‐up issues.
Job hunting in the UK using the Internet: finding your next information professional role in the health care sector and the skills employers require
Authors: Davies Karen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives:  The aim of this article is to analyse ‘professional’ health information vacancies advertised on three specific websites for 6 months from 1 April 2006 (to 30 September 2006). The objectives for this research were to identify the frequency of health information vacancies advertised on three specified websites and on an e‐mail discussion group.Methods:  Each fortnight all health‐related vacancies advertised directly by the hiring organizations were identified. The job descriptions and person specifications for relevant vacancies were either downloaded or requested from the hiring organization. The main criteria for determining the relevance of a vacancy was that a degree or higher qualification in an information‐related subject was ‘essential’ or ‘desirable with previous experience’. The core skills and experiences required from the job descriptions and person specifications for professional health information posts were identified.Results:  The results highlight the importance of the Internet in locating suitable vacancies. However, not one website listed all the potential job opportunities. The importance of information technology (IT) skills (including literature searching) and teaching skills were identified from the person specifications and job descriptions.Conclusions:  The Internet is a useful tool for identifying health‐related employment opportunities. However, to obtain a full list of vacancies, several websites must be searched.
The Royal College of Nursing's information needs survey of nurses and health professionals
Authors: Bertulis Ros , Cheeseborough Jackie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAims:  To find out about the nursing community's needs in the following areas: information or knowledge to improve practice in the clinical area; information to support lifelong learning and formal study.Methods:  A questionnaire was circulated in summer 2004 containing questions on types of information source used for particular types of problem or question; specific sources used; ease of access to various information sources including computers and the Internet, and local health library; and workplace culture and environment.Results:  A total of 1715 usable questionnaires were completed and returned. Significant numbers of the nursing community have currently no or limited access to computers. Nursing staff in the independent sector had less access to computers and the Internet than those working for the National Health Service (NHS). Workplace culture was as important as access to IT equipment.Conclusions:  As a result of the survey, the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) is working with the NHS and the independent health sector to improve access and provide complementary services for the whole nursing community.
The Journal of Ayub Medical College: a 10‐year bibliometric study
Authors: Ullah Midrar , Butt Idrees Farooq , Haroon Muhammad 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective:  To conduct a bibliometric evaluation of the Journal of Ayub Medical College (JAMC), Abbottabad, Pakistan.Methods  The data of articles, citations and authors of JAMC from 1997 to 2006 were collected and analysed in terms of bibliometric parameters.Results:  The number of articles published per year ranges between 27 and 97; most of the articles (47.2%) have 11–20 citations. Three‐author contributions ranked the highest (134; 23.43%); the most prolific authors contributed seven articles; 295 (51.57%) of the authors are geographically affiliated to the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan; the most popular subject is Internal Medicine; journal self‐cited references are 43; 7769 (77.94%) of the citations were from foreign journals; the most productive institution is Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.Conclusion:  The number of papers published in JAMC per issue has been increasing over the last 10 years, and the core region is NWFP, Pakistan. Original articles are the main type of papers for this journal. The publication is open for all fields of medical sciences.
Therapeutic effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and reduced CoQ10 in the MPTP model of Parkinsonism
Authors: Cleren Carine , Yang Lichuan , Lorenzo Beverly , Calingasan Noel Y. , Schomer Andrew , Sireci Anthony , Wille Elizabeth J. , Beal M. Flint 
Published: February 2008

J. Neurochem. (2008) 104, 1613–1621.AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a promising agent for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. We tested the effects of various doses of two formulations of CoQ10 in food and found that administration in the diet resulted in significant protection against loss of dopamine (DA), which was accompanied by a marked increase in plasma concentrations of CoQ10. We further investigated the neuroprotective effects of CoQ10, reduced CoQ10 (ubiquinol), and CoQ10 emulsions in the (MPTP) model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We found neuroprotection against MPTP induced loss of DA using both CoQ10, and reduced CoQ10, which produced the largest increases in plasma concentrations. Lastly, we administered CoQ10 in the diet to test its effects in a chronic MPTP model induced by administration of MPTP by Alzet pump for 1 month. We found neuroprotective effects against DA depletion, loss of tyrosine hydroxylase neurons and induction of alpha‐synuclein inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The finding that CoQ10 is effective in a chronic dosing model of MPTP toxicity, is of particular interest, as this may be more relevant to PD. These results provide further evidence that administration of CoQ10 is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD.
Steady‐state increase of cAMP‐response element binding protein, Rac, and PAK signaling in presenilin‐deficient neurons
Authors: Barnes Natalie Y. , Shi Jun , Yajima Hiroshi , Thinakaran Gopal , Parent Angèle T. 
Published: February 2008

J. Neurochem.(2008) 104, 1637–1648.AbstractMutations in the genes encoding presenilins (PS1 and PS2) account for the majority of cases of early‐onset Alzheimer’s disease. PS1 and PS2 form the catalytic center of γ‐secretase, an enzyme responsible for intramembraneous proteolysis of several type I transmembrane proteins. Many γ‐secretase substrates are coupled to intracellular signaling events such as cAMP‐response element binding protein and Rac1/p21‐activated kinase pathways, which are associated with synaptic function. Here, we have examined the activation of these pathways in neurons lacking PS1 expression or γ‐secretase activity. We found evidence for heightened steady‐state activation of cAMP‐response element binding protein, Rac1, and p21‐activated kinase signaling in PS‐deficient neurons. Our study highlights the importance of PS‐dependent proteolytic cleavage of γ‐secretase substrates in regulating neuronal signal transduction.
Multiple disease‐linked myotubularin mutations cause NFL assembly defects in cultured cells and disrupt myotubularin dimerization
Authors: Goryunov Dmitry , Nightingale Andrew , Bornfleth Lorelei , Leung Conrad , Liem Ronald K. H. 
Published: February 2008

J. Neurochem.(2008) 104, 1536–1552.AbstractCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) is an inherited peripheral neuropathy that has been linked to mutations in multiple genes. Mutations in the neurofilament light (NFL) chain gene lead to the CMT2E form whereas mutations in the myotubularin‐related protein 2 and 13 (MTMR2 and MTMR13) genes lead to the CMT4B form. These two forms share characteristic pathological hallmarks on nerve biopsies including concentric sheaths (‘onion bulbs’) and, in at least one case, myelin loops. In addition, MTMR2 protein has been shown to interact physically with both NFL and MTMR13. Here, we present evidence that CMT‐linked mutations of MTMR2 can cause NFL aggregation in a cell line devoid of endogenous intermediate filaments, SW13vim−. Mutations in the protein responsible for X‐linked myotubular myopathy (myotubularin, MTM1) also induced NFL abnormalities in these cells. We also show that two MTMR2 mutant proteins, G103E and R283W, are unable to form dimers and undergo phosphorylation in vivo, implicating impaired complex formation in myotubularin‐related pathology.
A highly sulfated chondroitin sulfate preparation, CS‐E, prevents excitatory amino acid‐induced neuronal cell death
Authors: Sato Yoshiaki , Nakanishi Keiko , Tokita Yoshihito , Kakizawa Hiroko , Ida Michiru , Maeda Hiroshi , Matsui Fumiko , Aono Sachiko , Saito Akiko , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Hayakawa Masahiro , Kojima Seiji , Oohira Atsuhiko 
Published: February 2008

J. Neurochem. (2008) 104, 1565–1576.AbstractChondroitin sulfate (CS) is a major microenvironmental molecule in the CNS, and there have been few reports about its neuroprotective activity. As neuronal cell death by excitotoxicity is a crucial phase in many neuronal diseases, we examined the effect of various CS preparations on neuronal cell death induced by the excitotoxicity of glutamate analogs. CS preparations were added to cultured neurons before and after the administration of glutamate analogs. Then, the extents of both neuronal cell death and survival were estimated. Pre‐administration of a highly sulfated CS preparation, CS‐E, significantly reduced neuronal cell death induced by not only NMDA but also (S)‐α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid or kainate. Neither CS preparations other than CS‐E nor other highly sulfated polysaccharides such as heparin and dextran sulfate exerted any neuroprotective effects. NMDA‐induced current in neurons was not changed by pre‐administration of CS‐E, but the pattern of protein‐tyrosine phosphorylation was changed. In addition, the elevation of caspase 3 activity was significantly suppressed in CS‐E‐treated neurons. These results indicate that CS‐E prevents neuronal cell death mediated by various glutamate receptors, and suggest that phosphorylation‐related intracellular signals and the suppression of caspase 3 activation are implicated in neuroprotection by CS‐E.
Retinoic acid‐ and phorbol ester‐induced neuronal differentiation down‐regulates caveolin expression in GnRH neurons
Authors: D’Orlando Cristina , Guzzi Francesca , Gravati Marta , Biella Gerardo , Toselli Mauro , Meneveri Raffaella , Barisani Donatella , Parenti Marco 
Published: February 2008

J. Neurochem. (2008) 104, 1577–1587.AbstractGN11 and GT1‐7 are immortalized gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐positive murine cell lines exhibiting the features of immature olfactory neurons and differentiated hypothalamic neurons, respectively. Using electron microscopy and biochemical assays (RT‐PCR and immunoblotting) we determined the presence of numerous caveolae invaginations and of caveolin‐1 and ‐2 mRNAs and proteins in GN11 cells, and their absence in GT1‐7 cells. The lack of caveolins in GT1‐7 cells might be due to the silencing of gene transcription caused by estrogen receptor α whose inhibitory activity in GN11 cells could be counter‐balanced by co‐expression of caveolin‐permissive estrogen receptor β. To test whether the unique expression of caveolins in GN11 cells is related to their immature state, we treated GN11 cells for 24–72 h with retinoic acid or phorbol ester. Both treatments led to neuronal differentiation of GN11 cells, as shown by emission of long neuritic processes, increased expression of growth cone‐associated protein‐43 and appearance of voltage‐gated K+ and Ca2+ channel currents. Concurrently, caveolins 1 and 2, and estrogen receptor β were down‐regulated in differentiated GN11, whereas estrogen receptor α was unaffected by differentiation. We conclude that caveolin expression in GN11 neurons is down‐regulated upon differentiation and up‐regulated by estrogen receptor β.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of (+)‐methamphetamine and (±)‐3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine on monoamine and corticosterone levels in the neonatal rat following multiple days of treatment
Authors: Schaefer Tori L. , Skelton Matthew R. , Herring Nicole R. , Gudelsky Gary A. , Vorhees Charles V. , Williams Michael T. 
Published: February 2008

J. Neurochem. (2008) 104, 1674–1685.AbstractRats treated with (±)‐3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or (+)‐methamphetamine (MA) neonatally exhibit long‐lasting learning impairments (i.e., after treatment on postnatal days (P)11–15 or P11–20). Although both drugs are substituted amphetamines, they each produce a unique profile of cognitive deficits (i.e., spatial vs. path integration learning and severity of deficits) which may be the result of differential early neurochemical changes. We previously showed that MA and MDMA increase corticosterone (CORT) and MDMA reduces levels of serotonin (5‐HT) 24 h after treatment on P11, however, learning deficits are seen after 5 or 10 days of drug treatment, not just 1 day. Accordingly, in the present experiment, rats were treated with MA or MDMA starting on P11 for 5 or 10 days (P11–15 or P11–20) and tissues collected on P16, P21, or P30. Five‐day MA administration dramatically increased CORT on P16, whereas MDMA did not. Both drugs decreased hippocampal 5‐HT on P16 and P21, although MDMA produced larger reductions. Ten‐day treatment with either drug increased dopamine utilization in the neostriatum on P21, whereas 5‐day treatment had no effect. No CORT or brain 5‐HT or dopamine changes were found with either drug on P30. Although the monoamine changes are transient, they may alter developing neural circuits sufficiently to permanently disrupt later learning and memory abilities.
Nonfinancial Performance Measures and Promotion‐Based Incentives
Authors: CAMPBELL DENNIS 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I examine the sensitivity of promotion and demotion decisions for lower‐level managers to financial and nonfinancial measures of their performance and investigate the extent to which the behavior of lower‐level managers reflects promotion‐based incentives. Additionally, I test for learning versus effort‐allocation effects of promotion‐based incentives. I find that promotion and demotion decisions for store managers of a major U.S.‐based fast‐food retailer (QSR) are sensitive to nonfinancial performance measures of service quality and employee retention after controlling for financial performance. The likelihood of demotion in this organization is also sensitive to nonfinancial performance on the dimension of service quality, while the probability of exit is primarily sensitive to financial performance measures rather than nonfinancial performance measures. I also find evidence that the behavior of lower‐level managers is consistent with the incentives created by the weighting of nonfinancial performance measures in promotion decisions. Managers in locations where there is a higher ex ante probability of promotion and a higher potential reward upon promotion demonstrate significantly higher levels and rates of performance improvement in service quality. Finally, consistent with promotion‐based incentives inducing both effort‐allocation and learning effects, I find that performance‐improvement rates for service quality: (1) are higher in prepromotion periods in markets where promotions occur, (2) decrease immediately after the occurrence of a promotion in the same market area, and (3) remain higher than in markets where promotions do not occur. These findings provide some of the first empirical evidence on an alternative to the explicit weighting of nonfinancial metrics in compensation contracts as a mechanism for generating improvements in nonfinancial dimensions of performance.
Eclogite facies metarodingites – phase relations in the system SiO2‐Al2O3‐Fe2O3‐FeO‐MgO‐CaO‐CO2‐H2O: an example from the Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite
Authors: LI X‐P. , RAHN M. , BUCHER K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractEclogite facies metarodingites occur as deformed dykes in serpentinites of the Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite (Western Alps). They formed during the subduction of the Tethys oceanic lithosphere in the Early Tertiary. The metarodingites developed as a consequence of serpentinization of the oceanic mantle. Three major types of metarodingites (R1, R2 & R3) can be distinguished on the basis of their mineralogical composition. All metarodingites contain vesuvianite, chlorite and hydrogrossular in high modal amounts. In addition they contain: R1 – diopside, tremolite, clinozoisite, calcite; R2 – hydroandradite, diopside, epidote, calcite; and R3 – hydroandradite. Both garnets contain a small but persistent amount of hydrogarnet component. The different metarodingites reflect different original dyke rocks in the mantle. In each group of metarodingite, textural relations suggest that reactions adjusted the assemblages along the P–T path travelled by the ophiolite during subduction and exhumation. Reactions and phase relations derived from local textures in metarodingite can be modelled in the eight‐component system: SiO2‐Al2O3‐Fe2O3‐FeO‐MgO‐CaO‐CO2‐H2O. This permits the analysis of redox reactions in the presence of andradite garnet and epidote in many of the rocks. Within this system, the phase relations in eclogite facies metarodingites have been explored in terms of T–XCO2, T–μ(SiO2), μ(Cal)–μ(SiO2) and P–T sections. It was found that rodingite assemblages are characterized by low μ(SiO2) and low XCO2 conditions. The low SiO2 potential is externally imposed onto the rodingites by the large volume of antigorite‐forsterite serpentinites enclosing them. Moreover, μ(SiO2) decreases consistently from metarodingite R1 to R3. The low μ(SiO2) enforced by the serpentinites favours the formation of hydrogarnet and vesuvianite. Rodingite formation is commonly associated with hydrothermal alteration of oceanic lithosphere at the ocean floor, in particular to ocean floor serpentinization. Our analysis, however, suggests that the metarodingite assemblages may have formed at high‐pressure conditions in the subduction zone as a result of serpentinization of oceanic mantle by subduction zone fluids.