bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance and Consistency of ChatGPT‐4 Versus Otolaryngologists: A Clinical Case Series
Authors: Lechien Jérôme R. , Naunheim Mattheuw R. , Maniaci Antonino , Radulesco Thomas , Saibene Alberto M. , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos M. , Vaira Luigi A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo study the performance of Chatbot Generative Pretrained Transformer‐4 (ChatGPT‐4) in the management of cases in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery.Study DesignProspective case series.SettingMulticenter University Hospitals.MethodsHistory, clinical, physical, and additional examinations of adult outpatients consulting in otolaryngology departments of CHU Saint‐Pierre and Dour Medical Center were presented to ChatGPT‐4, which was interrogated for differential diagnoses, management, and treatment(s). According to specialty, the ChatGPT‐4 responses were assessed by 2 distinct, blinded board‐certified otolaryngologists with the Artificial Intelligence Performance Instrument.ResultsOne hundred cases were presented to ChatGPT‐4. ChaGPT‐4 indicated a mean of 3.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.09, 3.59) additional examinations per patient versus 2.10 (95% CI: 1.76, 2.34; P = .001) for the practitioners. There was strong consistency (k > 0.600) between otolaryngologists and ChatGPT‐4 for the indication of upper aerodigestive tract endoscopy, positron emission tomography and computed tomography, audiometry, tympanometry, and psychophysical evaluations. Primary diagnosis was correctly performed by ChatGPT‐4 in 38% to 86% of cases depending on subspecialty. Additional examinations indicated by ChatGPT‐4 were pertinent and necessary in 8% to 31% of cases, while the treatment regimen was pertinent in 12% to 44% of cases. The performance of ChatGPT‐4 was not influenced by the human‐reported level of difficulty of clinical cases.ConclusionChatGPT‐4 may be a promising adjunctive tool in otolaryngology, providing extensive documentation about additional examinations, primary and differential diagnoses, and treatments. The ChatGPT‐4 is more effective in providing a primary diagnosis, and less effective in the selection of additional examinations and treatments.
Biodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(propylene carbonate) blend with enhanced mechanical properties and heat resistance by uniaxial pre‐stretching
Authors: Zheng Gaofei , Han Lijing , Zheng Bihuang , Bian Junjia , Zhang Huiliang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiodegradable poly(lactic acid)/poly(propylene carbonate) (PLA/PPC) blends with balanced strength, ductility, and heat resistance were prepared by combining the modification of 30 wt% PPC and uniaxial pre‐stretching at 60°C. The undrawn PLA/PPC blend fractured in a brittle way due to the network structure composed of cohesional entanglements. After pre‐stretching, the elongation at break was increased to 229.4% at pre‐stretching ratio (PSR) of only 0.5, which should be attributed to the destruction of the network structure of cohesional entanglements and the orientation of PPC component in PLA matrix. With the increase of PSR, the modulus, strength at yielding, and break were improved obviously (2433.4, 76.1, and 98.3 MPa at PSR = 2.5) whereas the elongation at break (51.7% at PSR = 2.5) reduced gradually because of the formation of orientation, mesophase, and crystal phase. However, the elongation at break was still larger than that of neat PLA (6.8%) and undrawn PLA/PPC blend (12.3%), indicating that the uniaxial pre‐stretching was an effect way to strengthen and toughen PLA blends. Significantly, the heat resistance of ps‐PLA/PPC blend was increased obviously with increasing the PSR, which will promote the widespread application of the blends.
Enhancement of spent coffee grounds as biofiller in biodegradable polymer composite for sustainable packaging
Authors: Alharbi Majed , Bairwan Rahul Dev , Rizg Waleed Y. , Khalil H. P. S. Abdul , Murshid Samar S. A. , Sindi Amal M. , Alissa Mohammed , Saharudin Nur Izzaati , Abdullah C. K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores the utilization of Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG), a residual product of the coffee industry, as a microfiller reinforcement in Poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) biopolymer composites at varying concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%). Melt compounding via a twin‐screw extruder and subsequent compression molding were employed in the fabrication process. The SCG microfiller, with particle diameters ranging from 1.11 to 1.28 μm, exhibited a significant negative charge (zeta potential: −20 mV). Hydrophobicity increased up to 5% filler concentration, as indicated by higher water contact angles, but diminished at highest concentration likelihood of agglomeration of the spent coffee grounds within the biopolymer matrix. The addition of SCG enhanced overall mechanical properties, particularly at a 5% filler concentration. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) confirmed the successful incorporation of SCG microfiller, improving structural characteristics. Schematic drawings illustrated the interphase bonding of microfiller and matrix. However, properties diminished at the highest filler content (7%) due to coffee grounds' agglomeration. Despite this, SCG incorporation enhanced functional properties, making the biopolymer composite a promising material for sustainable packaging and various applications.Highlights
Enhancement of properties of spent coffee grounds in PHBV biocomposites.
Characterization of Biocomposites for multifunctional properties.
Fracture and 2D analysis of the tensile fractured surface of biocomposites.
A promising material for sustainable and biodegradable packaging.
Away from home and excluded from local solidarity networks: Undocumented Afghan migrant men in Istanbul
Authors: Bozok Mehmet , Bozok Nihan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper presents a study on the solidarity networks of undocumented Afghan male migrants in Istanbul. The research was conducted between August 2015 and June 2020 in the migrant districts of Beykoz, Zeytinburnu and Fatih. The study found that Afghan migrants are excluded from existing local solidarity networks and instead form their own networks as a survival strategy. The study posits that there are three primary solidarity networks knitted by locals, which are ‘family’, ‘hometown’ and ‘neighbourhood’. We argue that the foundation of the solidarity networks among the locals is their shared language(s), mutual recognition, shared socio‐historical background and unofficial trust, making it difficult for newcomers to become a part of this solidarity. Afghan migrants are unable to access these networks, which aggravates their social exclusion. They use their social exclusion as a survival strategy and continue with their migration aspirations.
Optimum maintenance units in multi‐indenture systems
Authors: Zhao Qian Qian , Yoo Jae Yoon , Dohi Tadashi , Yun Won Young 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper deals with an optimization problem of determining the maintenance units and age‐based inspection schemes to minimize the expected maintenance cost rate and satisfy a target system availability for multi‐indenture systems that have a modular structure with redundant units. Failures of primary components directly lead to system failures and can therefore be identified and maintained immediately, while failures of redundant components need to be identified by inspections. And the designated maintenance units need to be replaced during maintenance. By constructing the dual structure of the fault tree, we present a failure path enumeration method, based on which the system availability and expected maintenance cost rate models considering maintenance time are derived. For redundant units, two types of inspection policies are considered in our models: one is the corrective maintenance (CM)‐based inspection policy, and the other one is the age‐based inspection (PM) policy, inspections are performed at failures or age h, depending on which occurred earlier. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to find the reasonable maintenance units and inspection intervals simultaneously, and its performance is also compared and analyzed. Several numerical examples are studied to investigate the effect of parameters on optimal solutions.
An Electrochemical Strategy for Detection of Trace‐Level Binapacryl Using Square‐Wave Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Üner Gülcan , Inam Recai , Demir Ersin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBinapacryl is a fungicide and miticide from the dinitrophenol group and is used to control fungi and mites in agricultural areas. Since even trace amounts of pesticides can be highly toxic to humans and the environment, accurate and sensitive analytical methods are needed for their determination. Therefore, the electrochemical behavior of binapacryl fungicide on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was investigated using square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SWCSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Some parameters such as accumulation potential, accumulation time, pulse amplitude, frequency, and step potential were optimized on GCE. From the plotted calibration graph, the linear operating range was found to be 0.16–6.20 μM (0.06–2.0 mg/L), and accordingly the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the first and second peak were 0.060 μM/0.201 μM and 0.0627 μM/0.209 μM, respectively. The proposed method was applied for spiked tap water, apple juice and grape juice samples. An electroreduction mechanism has also been proposed for binapacryl with the participation of 2e−/2H+ via the nitro group of the molecule. Also, the selectivity of the method was demonstrated by investigating the interference effects of some pesticides on the determination of binapacryl.
Vacuum Evaporation Plating Enabling ≤ 10 µm Ultrathin Lithium Foils for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yining , Li Shaopeng , Huang Xiaowei , Chen Weiyi , Wang Chenhui , Tang Xiaowei , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is widely recognized as a viable candidate for anode material in future battery technologies due to its exceptional energy density. Nevertheless, the commercial Li foils in common use are too thick (≈100 µm), resulting in a waste of Li resources. Herein, by applying the vacuum evaporation plating technology, the ultra‐thin Li foils (VELi) with high purity, strong adhesion, and thickness of less than 10 µm are successfully prepared. The manipulation of evaporation temperature allows for convenient regulation of the thickness of the fabricated Li film. This physical thinning method allows for fast, continuous, and highly accurate mass production. With a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 for a plating amount of 0.5 mAh cm−2, VELi||VELi cells can stably cycle for 200 h. The maximum utilization of Li is already more than 25%. Furthermore, LiFePO4||VELi full cells present excellent cycling performance at 1 C (1 C = 155 mAh g−1) with a capacity retention rate of 90.56% after 240 cycles. VELi increases the utilization of active Li and significantly reduces the cost of Li usage while ensuring anode cycling and multiplication performance. Vacuum evaporation plating technology provides a feasible strategy for the practical application of ultra‐thin Li anodes.
Enhancing Endogenous Hyaluronic Acid in Osteoarthritic Joints with an Anti‐Inflammatory Supramolecular Nanofiber Hydrogel Delivering HAS2 Lentivirus
Authors: Zhou Feng , Chen Muchao , Qian Yufan , Yuan Kai , Han Xuequan , Wang Weishan , Guo Jiong Jiong , Chen Qian , Li Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) management remains challenging because of its intricate pathogenesis. Intra‐articular injections of drugs, such as glucocorticoids and hyaluronic acid (HA), have certain limitations, including the risk of joint infection, pain, and swelling. Hydrogel‐based therapeutic strategies have attracted considerable attention because of their enormous therapeutic potential. Herein, a supramolecular nanofiber hydrogel is developed using dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DexP) as a vector to deliver lentivirus‐encoding hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) (HAS2@DexP‐Gel). During hydrogel degradation, HAS2 lentivirus and DexP molecules are slowly released. Intra‐articular injection of HAS2@DexP‐Gel promotes endogenous HA production and suppresses synovial inflammation. Additionally, HAS2@DexP‐Gel reduces subchondral bone resorption in the anterior cruciate ligament transection‐induced OA mice, attenuates cartilage degeneration, and delays OA progression. HAS2@DexP‐Gel exhibited good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic mechanisms of the HAS2@DexP‐Gel are investigated using single‐cell RNA sequencing. HAS2@DexP‐Gel optimizes the microenvironment of the synovial tissue by modulating the proportion of synovial cell subpopulations and regulating the interactions between synovial fibroblasts and macrophages. The innovative nanofiber hydrogel, HAS2@DexP‐Gel, effectively enhances endogenous HA production while reducing synovial inflammation. This comprehensive approach holds promise for improving joint function, alleviating pain, and slowing OA progression, thereby providing significant benefits to patients.
Isoporous Membrane Mediated Imprinting Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Spatially‐Resolved Metabolomics and Rapid Histopathological Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Xingyue , Tao Liye , Jiang Xinrong , Qu Xuetong , Duan Wei , Yu Jiekai , Liang Xiao , Wu Jianmin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) holds great value in spatial metabolomics and tumor diagnosis. Tissue imprinting on the SALDI target can avoid laser‐induced tissue ablation and simplifies the sample preparation. However, the tissue imprinting process always causes lateral diffusion of biomolecules, thereby losing the fidelity of metabolite distribution on tissue. Herein, a membrane‐mediated imprinting mass spectrometry imaging (MMI‐MSI) strategy is proposed using isoporous nuclepore track‐etched membrane as a mediating imprinting layer to selectively transport metabolites through uniform and vertical pores onto silicon nanowires (SiNWs) array. Compared with conventional direct imprinting technique, MMI‐MSI can not only exclude the adsorption of large biomolecules but also avoid the lateral diffusion of metabolites. The whole time for MMI‐based sample preparation can be reduced to 2 min, and the lipid peak number can increase from 46 to 113 in kidney tissue detection. Meanwhile, higher resolution of MSI can be achieved due to the confinement effect of the pore channel in the diffusion of metabolites. Based on MMI‐MSI, the tumor margins of liver cancer can be clearly discriminated and their different subtypes can be precisely classified. This work demonstrates MMI‐MSI is a rapid, highly sensitive, robust and high‐resolution technique for spatially‐resolved metabolomics and pathological diagnosis.
A comprehensive investigation on the effect of UHI in Baripada city using geo‐spatial technique and MLTHP model
Authors: Nandi Debabrata , Das Rashmi Ranjan , Sing Debasish , Bera Indrajit , Mishra Partha Sarathi , Sahu Pramod Chandra , Mohanta Kamal Lochan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccording to the Times of India, Baripada city recorded the highest temperature in the world on April 14, 2023, at 43.5°C. It is located in the south‐west direction of the Similipal Biosphere Reserve. Observing the third highest temperature in the world, we are interested in finding out the reasons affecting climate change. This paper investigates the reasons for the temperature change in Baripada city and its surroundings by considering factors like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Multi‐band Drought Index (NMDI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Built‐up Index (NDBI), forest fires, rainfall patterns, wind patterns, and registration of motor vehicles. For this study, data has been collected from USGS (United States Geological Survey), NASA POWER, Forest Survey of India, ArcGIS Online, etc. The study of NDVI shows a significant relationship with the LST. Similarly, NMDI shows an abnormal change in the drought index from 0.092 in 1990 to 0.276 in 2022, and NDWI shows a continuous reduction of the water index of −0.382 in 1990 and −0.176 in 2010, followed by −0.212 in 2022. NDBI values show that the urban build‐up index is increased to an extent due to rapid urban settlements removing natural vegetation. The overall forest fire count found an abnormal rise in the Baripada region during 2011 and 2022 to 143 times. Focusing on all the above factors, an experimental study is finally carried out to confirm the rise in temperature using time‐series analysis and a multi‐layer locally tuned hidden layer perceptron (MLTHP) model to ensure the Times of India's report.
A qualitative study of career decision making among African and Asian international medical students in China: process, challenges, and strategies
Authors: Li Wen , Sun Hong , Khan Asaduzzaman , Gillies Robyn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChina hosts around 68,000 international medical students (IMSs) primarily from lower income countries in Africa and Asia, who have the potential to contribute to international medical services. Understanding how these IMSs make career decisions can help better address the issue of global medical workforce shortage. However, such research is limited. Our study aims to explore the career decision-making process of China-educated IMSs, the challenges they experienced and the strategies they employed.In this exploratory qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with IMSs educated in China in 2022 using purposeful sampling. Twenty virtual one-on-one interviews were conducted, and data were analysed through directed qualitative content analysis. Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) theory was applied as the guiding framework for organising and analysing the data.The career decision-making process of the participants generally followed the stages of decision-making cycle in CIP theory, with a combination of urgent migration decisions and specialisation considerations adding layers of complexity to their career trajectories. Identified challenges encompassed lack of knowledge about oneself and career options, lack of decision-making skills, concerns of contextual complexities that limited the career decision-making process, low motivation and negative thoughts. Specific challenges due to their role as IMSs arose, which were related to career information access, self-capability evaluation, degree accreditation, employment competitiveness and mental states. Participants’ proposed strategies were categorised into personal and institutional aspects, providing insights into addressing these challenges.This study substantiates and expands the application of the CIP theory within the sphere of the particular cultural and educational context of IMSs educated in China. It highlights the significance of integrating migration decision-making into career guidance for IMSs, and contributes to the literature by proposing an evidence-based tiered career intervention programme for IMSs.
OWA-based multi-criteria decision making based on fuzzy methods
Authors: D’Urso Pierpaolo , Chachi Jalal , Kazemifard Ahmad , De Giovanni Livia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the most important challenges in Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) problems is how can the optimal weights of the criteria can be determined properly by the decision maker. In the relevant research literature, various methods based on the requirements and assumptions of the problem were introduced to determine the weights of the criteria. In this regard, in particular, the Yager’s OWA operator is one of the most significant and widely used approaches to evaluate the weights of criteria. But there is a drawback, that is, the results of Yager’s OWA operator depend only on the level of decision-maker’s risk and the number of the criteria. Therefore, in this paper, using a multi-objective decision making approach, we try to express this MADM challenge in the form of a generalization of the Yager’s OWA operators and Ahn’s method. One of the advantages of this generalization is that the proposed method uses all the information in the decision matrix compared to the methods proposed by Yager’s OWA operators and the Ahn’s method. The proposed approach is also able to enter various types of preferences considered by the decision maker for the criteria calculations as crisp or fuzzy quantities. Numerical examples and real dataset analysis based on a survey of students’ opinions on teaching activities are provided.
Examining Utilization of Family-Based Treatment in Substance Use Treatment Centers
Authors: Chou Jessica L. , Patton Rikki , Aletraris Lydia , Zaarur Asif , Grella Christine , Roman Paul , Feeney Erika 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe multiple benefits of family-based treatment (FBT) used in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment include increased treatment engagement, better treatment outcomes, and cost-effectiveness compared to other behavioral health treatment modalities. However, the prevalence and types of FBTs offered among SUD treatment facilities are largely unknown. The present study used data collected during 2009–2010 from 325 treatment centers in the United States to (1) explore the prevalence in the utilization of FBT in SUD treatment, and (2) identify differences between treatment facilities that do and do not offer FBT. Results indicated that the adoption of FBT was negatively associated with the percentage of clients who were unemployed or involved in the criminal justice system at time of intake, and positively related to the number of hours of individual therapy and treatment center emphasis on utilizing the 12 Steps. Additionally, the majority of treatment centers that followed the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) clinical guidelines offered FBT. Lastly, the percentage of families involvement was negatively associated with centers’ proportion of revenues from Medicaid (i.e., health insurance for those with limited income) and positively associated with treatment center revenues from private insurance. The impact of having FBT in SUD treatment centers is discussed.
Addressing Secondary Traumatic Stress in Pediatric Emergency Room Social Workers: A Toolkit for New Graduates
Authors: Benavides Juan Lorenzo , Modeste-James Akeem , Osborn Preston , Radney Angelise , Stepney Lois , Smith Marissa , Rawlins Melanie , Borne Marisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSecondary traumatic stress (STS), the emotional duress that results when an individual hears about the firsthand trauma experiences of another, is a significant concern for many social workers, particularly those in high-stress and trauma-exposed environments such as emergency rooms or psychiatric hospitals. Newly graduated social workers are especially susceptible to STS due to their limited experience and exposure to the emotional distress of clients. Yet, limited studies have focused on newly graduated social workers and STS. This study is twofold: (1) it attempts to provide insight into the experiences of pediatric emergency room social workers (PERSW) with STS, and (2) to explicate the utility of the findings in practical strategies to assist newly graduated and current social workers entering high-stressful work environments. A thematic analysis and semi-structured interviews were used with twenty-three pediatric emergency room social workers with at least one year of experience. The analysis revealed three themes: (1) the trauma of the job, (2) the effects of STS, and (3) coping strategies for STS. The findings underscore the need for a specialized toolkit for new graduates in pediatric emergency social work, offering resources and strategies tailored to the unique challenges of this field.