bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymerase chain reaction analysis for viruses in paraffin-embedded myocardium from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy or myocarditis
Authors: Maxson Tracy R. , Meurs Kathryn M. , Lehmkuhl Linda B. , Magnon Alex L. , Weisbrode Steven E. , Atkins Clarke E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on paraffin-embedded myocardium from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and dogs with myocarditis to screen for canine parvovirus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, and herpesvirus.Sample Population—Myocardial specimens from 18 dogs with an antemortem diagnosis of DCM and 9 dogs with a histopathologic diagnosis of myocarditis were evaluated.Procedure—Paraffin-embedded myocardial specimens were screened for viral genome by PCR analysis. Positive-control specimens were developed from cell cultures as well as paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from dogs with clinical and histopathologic diagnoses of viral infection with canine parvovirus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, and herpesvirus. The histologic characteristics of all myocardial specimens were classified regarding extent, location, and type of inflammation and fibrosis.Results—Canine adenovirus type 1 was amplified from 1 specimen from a dog with DCM. Canine parvovirus, adenovirus type 2, and herpesvirus were not amplified from any myocardial specimens. Histologic analysis of specimens from dogs with DCM revealed variable amounts of fibrosis; myocardial inflammation was observed in 1 affected dog. Histopathologic analysis of specimens from dogs with myocarditis disclosed variable degrees of inflammation and fibrosis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Viral agents canine parvovirus, adenovirus types 1 and 2, and herpesvirus are not commonly associated with DCM or active myocarditis in dogs. Additional studies evaluating for nucleic acid from viruses that less commonly affect dogs or different types of infectious agents may be warranted to gain insight into the cause of DCM and myocarditis in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2001;62: 130–135)
Evaluation of equine immunoglobulin specific for Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins A and C for use in protecting foals against Rhodococcus equi-induced pneumonia
Authors: Hooper-McGrevy Kathleen E. , Giguere Steve , Wilkie Bruce N. , Prescott John F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether purified equine immunoglobulin specific forRhodococcus equivirulence- associated proteins A and C (VapA and VapC) can confer passive protection againstR equi-induced pneumonia in foals.Animals—Twenty-eight 3-week-old mixed-breed pony foals.Procedure—7 foals received IV injections of equine hyperimmune plasma (HIP) against whole-cellR equi, and 7 received purified equine immunoglobulin specific for VapA and VapC 1 day prior to intrabronchial infection withR equistrain 103+. Eleven foals were not treated prior to infection, and 3 control foals were neither treated nor infected. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were recorded twice daily, and serum fibrinogen concentration and WBC count were determined every other day following infection. Foals were euthanatized 14 days following infection, and lung lesions and concentration ofR equiinlungs were assessed.Results—The onset of clinical signs of pneumonia was significantly delayed in the HIP- and immunoglobulin-treated groups, compared with the untreated infected group. Moreover, pulmonary lesions were less severe in the treated groups, and significantly fewerR equiorganisms were cultured from the lungs of treated foals.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Degree of protection againstR equi-induced pneumonia provided by purified immunoglobulin specific for VapA and VapC was similar to that provided by commercially available HIP. Results not only suggest that immunoglobulin is the primary component of HIP that confers protection againstR equi-induced pneumonia in foals but also indicate that antibodies againstR equiVapA and VapC are protective. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1307–1313)
Characterization of house dust mite and scabiesmite allergens by use of canine serum antibodies
Authors: Schumann R. Jeffrey , Morgan Marjorie S. , Glass Robert , Arlian Larry G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify the major allergenic proteins from the 3 main species of dust mites to which dogs react (Dermatophagoides farinae, D pteronyssinus,andEuroglyphus maynei) and evaluate the potential crossreactivity of dust mite allergens with antigens from the ectoparasitic miteSarcoptes scabieivarcanis.Sample Population—Sera from 83 dogs with atopic dermatitis.Procedure—Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting using serum from atopic dogs was used to identify IgE-binding proteins in extracts of the 4 mite species.Results—Sera of atopic dogs contained IgE against 23, 17, 25, and 17 allergens fromD farinae, D pteronyssinus, E maynei,andS scabiei,respectively. Unlike the situation for humans, the major allergens for dogs are mostly proteins that are larger than 90 kd molecular weight.Dermatophagoides farinaeandE mayneiappear to be more allergenic for dogs than isD pteronyssinus. Some dogs with serum IgE against dust mites also had IgE against antigens ofS scabieivarcanis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Multiple dust mite allergens induce an IgE response in dogs. These allergens are mostly greater than 90 kd molecular weight. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1344–1348)
Estimation of the probability for exceeding thresholds of urine specific gravity and plasma concentration of furosemide at various intervals after intravenous administration of furosemide in horses
Authors: Chu Karin K. , Cohen Noah D. , Stanley Scott D. , Wang Naisyin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To estimate the probability of concurrently exceeding thresholds for plasma concentration of furosemide and urine specific gravity after IV administration of furosemide in horses.Animals—12 mature healthy Thoroughbred (n = 6) or Quarter Horse (6) mares.Procedure—Venous blood was collected from each horse prior to and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5, 5, and 6 hours after IV administration of 250 mg (first experiment) or 500 mg (second experiment) of furosemide. Urine was collected hourly between 1 and 6 hours after administration of furosemide at both doses. Concentrations of furosemide were determined by use of an ELISA. Concentration of furosemide and urine specific gravity was modeled as a function of time, accounting for inter- and intrahorse variabilities. On the basis of pharmacokinetic and specific gravity data, the probability of exceeding a concentration of 100 ng of furosemide/ml as a function of time was determined, using a semiparametric smooth functional averaging method. A bootstrap approach was used to assess the inherent variation in this estimated probability.Results—The estimated probability of exceeding the threshold of 100 ng of furosemide/ml and urine specific gravity < 1.012 was approximately 0% between 4.0 and 5.5 hours after IV administration of 250 mg of furosemide/horse, and ranged from 0 to 1% between 4 and 5.5 hours after IV administration of 500 mg of furosemide/horse. The probability of a horse being falsely identified as in violation of regulatory concentrations was inversely associated with time.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Coupling plasma furosemide concentration with urine specific gravity testing will greatly reduce the chance that some horses are misclassified as being in violation of regulatory concentrations. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1349–1353)
Use of plasma creatine kinase pharmacokinetics to estimate the amount of exercise-induced muscle damage in Beagles
Authors: Chanoit Guillaume P. , Lefebvre Hervé P. , Orcel Karine , Laroute Valérie , Toutain Pierre-Louis , Braun Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess the effects of moderate exercise on plasma creatine kinase (CK) pharmacokinetics and to estimate exercise-induced muscle damage in dogs.Animals—6 untrained adult Beagles.Procedure—The study was divided into 3 phases. In phase 1, dogs ran for 1 hour at a speed of 9 km/h, and samples were used to determine the area under the plasma CK activity versus time curve (AUC) induced by exercise. In phases 2 and 3, pharmacokinetics of CK were calculated in dogs during exercise and at rest, respectively. Values for AUC and plasma clearance (Cl) were used to estimate muscle damage.Results—At rest, values for Cl, steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss), and mean retention time (MRT) were 0.32 ± 0.02 ml/kg of body weight/min, 57 ± 17.3 ml/kg, and 3.0 ± 0.57 h, respectively. During exercise, Cl decreased significantly (0.26 ± 0.03 ml/kg/min), MRT increased significantly, (4.4 ± 0.97 h), and Vdss remained unchanged. Peak of plasma CK activity (151 ± 58.8 U/L) was observed 3 hours after completion of exercise. Estimated equivalent amount of muscle corresponding to the quantity of CK released was 41 ± 29.3 mg/kg.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—These results revealed that exercise had a minor effect on CK disposition and that the equivalent amount of muscle damaged by moderate exercise was negligible. This study illustrates the relevance for use of the minimally invasive and quantitative pharmacokinetic approach when estimating muscle damage. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1375–1380)
Age-related quantitative alterations in lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin isotypes in healthy horses
Authors: McFarlane Dianne , Sellon Debra C. , Gibbs Scott A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize age-associated changes in lymphocyte population subsets and immunoglobulin isotypes.Animals—30 healthy young light-breed horses (5 to 12 years old) and 30 healthy aged light-breed horses (> 20 years old).Procedure—Lymphocyte subset populations were identified, using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface markers CD5, CD4, CD8, and IgG. Subset populations were quantitated by use of flow cytometric analysis of antibody-stained cells. Serum immunoglobulin concentration was determined using single radial immunodiffusion.Results—Absolute cell counts of total lymphocytes, T cells, CD4+and CD8+T cells, and B cells were decreased in aged horses, compared with young horses. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of CD8+cells and an increase in the CD4+-to- CD8+cell ratio in the aged population, compared with young horses. However, serum concentration of IgG, IgG(T), IgM, or IgA did not differ with age.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, total lymphocyte count and lymphocyte subset cell counts decrease with age. Age-matched control values are necessary for optimal evaluation of hematologic variables in aged horses. The decrease in lymphocyte subset cell counts in healthy aged horses mimics that seen in other species and may contribute to an age-associated decrease in immunocompetency. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1413–1417)
Effect of chronic exposure to excess dietary copper and dietary selenium supplementation on liver specimens from rats
Authors: Aburto Enrique M. , Cribb Alastair E. , Fuentealba I. Carmen 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of chronic exposure to excess dietary copper (Cu) on liver specimens from rats and the effects of dietary selenium (Se) supplementation in experimental Cu toxicosis.Animals—60 weanling male Fischer 344 rats.Procedure—Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 rats each and fed 1 of the following 4 diets: high Cu (500 μg/g)/adequate Se (0.2 μg/g); high Cu (500 μg/g)/supplemented Se (2 μg/g); adequate Cu (18 μg/g)/adequate Se (0.2 μg/g); or, adequate Cu (18 μg/g)/supplemented Se (2 μg/g). Five rats per group were euthanatized after 3, 6, and 12 months, and liver specimens were obtained for histologic examination, histochemistry, metal analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, measurement of glutathione peroxidase activity, and assessment of lipid peroxidation, using quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA) by the thiobarbituric acid reaction.Results—Hepatic Cu concentration was significantly higher in rats fed high Cu diets (range, 9 to 18 μg/g of tissue [wet weight]), compared with rats receiving adequate Cu diets (4.0 to 5.7 μg/g of tissue). Rats fed high-Cu diets for 3, 6, and 12 months had mild multifocal hepatitis often surrounding necrotic foci. However, an increase in hepatic MDA content, indicative of lipid peroxidation, was not detected in these rats. Development of morphologic changes was not prevented by use of dietary Se supplementation.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Long-term exposure to excess dietary Cu caused mild hepatic lesions in Fischer 344 rats. Dietary Se supplementation did not prevent hepatic damage in rats with Cu toxicosis. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1423–1427)
Pathogenicity of four strains of entomopathogenic fungi against the bovine tick Boophilus microplus
Authors: Onofre Sideney B. , Miniuk Cindia M. , de Barros Neiva M. , Azevedo João L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the pathogenicity of 4 strains
of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium flavoviride
var flavoviride and Metarhizium anisopliae var
anisopliae in vitro against the bovine tick Boophilus
microplus.

Sample Population—300 B microplus females were
used for each series of 5 conidial suspensions of the
4 fungal strains; a control group of 60 females was
treated with sterilized water.

Procedure—For each fungal strain, sporulating cultures
were used to produce conidial suspensions
containing 104, 105, 106, 107, and 108 conidia/ml. A
bioassay was performed by immersing B microplus
females in conidial suspensions; the procedure was
repeated with a new group of 60 females for each
dilution (a total of 300). A control group was
immersed in the same volume of sterilized distilled
water. Ticks were maintained at 27 C and 80% relative
humidity for 7 days, and the following variables
were evaluated: weight before egging, egging
weight, percentage eclosion, reproductive efficiency,
and percentage control.

Results—A low index of eclosion was found in the
treated groups, with a progressive decrease in percentage
eclosion (control = 100%) with increased
conidial concentration. The highest level of effectiveness
of biocontrol was detected in groups treated
with concentrations of 107 and 108 conidia/ml.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Strains of the
entomopathogenic fungi M anisopliae var anisopliae
and M flavoviride var flavoviride were effective as biological
control agents against B microplus, with M
flavoviridestrain CG-291 being the most effective. The
pathogenicity of these strains and the development
of an application method for this fungus for control of
ticks may result in improved animal productivity and a
reduction in environmental pollution through the use
of fewer chemical insecticides. (Am J Vet Res
2001;62:1478–1480)
Correlation of QT dispersion with indices used to evaluate the severity of familial ventricular arrhythmias in Boxers
Authors: Spier Alan W. , Meurs Kathryn M. , Muir William W. , Lehmkuhl Linda B. , Hamlin Robert L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To measure QT interval duration and QT
dispersion in Boxers and to determine whether QT
variables correlate with indices of disease severity in
Boxers with familial ventricular arrhythmias, including
the number of ventricular premature complexes per
day, arrhythmia grade, and fractional shortening.

Animals—25 Boxers were evaluated by ECG and
echocardiography.

Procedure—The QT interval duration was measured
from 12-lead ECG and corrected for heart rate (QTc),
using Fridericia's formula. The QT and QTc were calculated
for each lead, from which QT and QTc dispersion
were determined. Echocardiography and 24-hour
ambulatory ECG were performed to evaluate for
familial ventricular arrhythmias. Total number of ventricular
premature complexes, arrhythmia grade, and
fractional shortening were determined and used as
indices of disease severity.

Results—There was no correlation between any QT
variable and total number of ventricular premature
complexes, arrhythmia grade, or fractional shortening.
No difference between QT dispersion and QTc
dispersion was identified, and correction for heart rate
did not affect the results.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—QT interval
duration and dispersion did not correlate with indices
of disease severity for familial ventricular arrhythmias.
Heart rate correction of the QT interval did not appear
to be necessary for QT dispersion calculation in this
group of dogs. QT dispersion does not appear to be a
useful noninvasive diagnostic tool in the evaluation of
familial ventricular arrhythmias of Boxers.
Identification of affected individuals at risk for sudden
death remains a challenge in the management of this
disease. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:1481–1485)
Effects of the synthetic selectin inhibitor TBC1269 on tissue damage during acute Mannheimia haemolytica-induced pneumonia in neonatal calves
Authors: Radi Zaher A. , Caverly Jessica M. , Dixon Richard A. , Brogden Kim A. , Ackermann Mark R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of the selectin inhibitor TBC1269 on neutrophil-mediated pulmonary damage during acuteMannheimia haemolytica-inducedpneumonia in newborn calves.Animals—Eighteen 1- to 3-day-old colostrumdeprived calves.Procedure—Mannheimia haemolyticaor saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was inoculated in both cranial lung lobes of 12 and 6 calves, respectively. Calves were euthanatized 2 (saline, n = 3;M haemolytica, n = 4) or 6 hours (saline, n = 3;M haemolytica, n = 8) after inoculation. FourM haemolytica-inoculated calves euthanatized at 6 hours also received TBC1269 (25 mg/kg, IV) 30 minutes before and 2 hours after inoculation. Conjugated diene (CD) concentrations, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and apoptotic cell counts were determined in lung specimens collected during necropsy.Results—Conjugated diene concentrations were significantly increased in allM haemolytica-inoculated groups, compared with saline-inoculated groups. Calves treated with TBC1269 had decreased concentrations of CD, compared with untreated calves, although the difference was not significant. Number of apoptotic neutrophils and macrophages increased significantly in TBC1269-treated calves, compared with untreated calves. Inducible nitric oxide synthase was expressed by epithelial cells and leukocytes. However, iNOS was less abundant in airway epithelial cells associated with inflammatory exudates. Degree of iNOS expression was similar between TBC1269-treated and untreated calves.Conclusions—Mannheimia haemolyticainfection in neonatal calves resulted in pulmonary tissue damage and decreased epithelial cell iNOS expression. The selectin inhibitor TCB1269 altered, but did not completely inhibit, neutrophil-mediated pulmonary damage. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:17–22)
Reliability of three bulk-tank antimicrobial residue detection assays used to test individual milk samples from cows with mild clinical mastitis
Authors: Gibbons-Burgener Suzanne N. , Kaneene John B. , Lloyd James W. , Leykam Joseph F. , Erskine Ronald J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the likelihood of false-positive results when testing milk samples from individual cows by use of 3 commercially available assays (Penzyme Milk Test and the SNAP β-lactamand Delvo- SP assays) labeled for use with commingled milk.Sample Population—Milk samples from 111 cows with mild clinical mastitis.Procedure—Cows were randomly assigned to the control (no antimicrobials) or intramammary treatment group. Posttreatment milk samples were collected at the first milking after the labeled withholding period or an equivalent time for controls, randomly ordered, and tested twice by use of each assay and once by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were determined for each assay. Concordance of results for the same sample was assessed for each assay by calculating κ.Results—Sensitivities of the Delvo-SP and SNAP β-lactam assays were > 90%, whereas the sensitivity of the Penzyme Milk Test was 60%. Positive predictive values (range, 39.29 to 73.68%) were poor for all 3 assays. Concordance of test results was excellent for the SNAP β-lactam and Delvo-SP assays (κ = 0.846 and 0.813, respectively) but was less for the Penzyme Milk Test (κ = 0.545).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Because of the low positive predictive values, these 3 assays may not be useful for detecting violative antimicrobial residues in individual milk samples from cows treated for mild clinical mastitis. However, repeatability of each assay was considered good to excellent. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1716–1720)
Additive effects of a sodium chloride restricted diet and furosemide administration in healthy dogs
Authors: Lovern Cindy S. , Swecker William S. , Lee John C. , Moon Martha L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the effects of a low or high
sodium (Na) diet with or without furosemide administration
on plasma electrolyte concentrations and the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in healthy
dogs.

Animals—20 healthy adult dogs.

Procedure—Dogs were randomly allotted to 4 groups
of 5 dogs each as follows: dogs fed a low Na diet
(0.08% Na and 0.8% chloride [Cl] on a dry matter
[DM] basis); dogs fed a low Na diet with added NaCl
(1.0% Na and 2.2% Cl on a DM basis); dogs fed a low
Na diet and treated with furosemide (2 mg/kg of body
weight, PO, q 12 h); and dogs fed a low Na diet with
added NaCl and treated with furosemide. Plasma
electrolyte concentrations were measured on days 0,
21, and 35. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration
were analyzed by use of radioimmunoassays
on days 0, 21, 35, and 53.

Results—Furosemide treatment significantly decreased
plasma Cl concentration and significantly
increased plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration.
Dogs fed a low Na diet had significantly
higher plasma renin activities and plasma aldosterone
concentrations. A significant interaction between a
low Na diet and furosemide administration resulted in
the lowest plasma Cl concentrations, highest plasma
renin activities, and highest plasma aldosterone concentrations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In healthy
dogs, feeding a low Na diet and administering
furosemide resulted in an additive effect on plasma Cl
concentration, renin activity, and aldosterone concentration,
which may be an important consideration for
treating dogs with cardiac disease. (Am J Vet Res
2001;62:1793–1796)
Molecular and genetic basis for thrombasthenic thrombopathia in Otterhounds
Authors: Boudreaux Mary K. , Catalfamo James L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To determine the molecular and genetic
basis for thrombasthenic thrombopathia in Otterhounds
and establish whether the defect would be
best classified as type-I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.

Animals—57 dogs, including 13 affected Otterhounds,
23 carrier Otterhounds, 17 unaffected
Otterhounds, and 4 clinically normal unrelated dogs of
other breeds.

Procedure—Functional (platelet aggregation, clot
retraction, buccal mucosa bleeding time) and biochemical
(electrophoresis, flow cytometry, fibrinogen
content) analyses were conducted. In addition, firststrand
cDNA synthesis from platelet total RNA was
performed. Exons of the genes encoding for glycoproteins
(GP) IIb and IIIa were amplified in overlapping
fashion. The resulting products were excised from
agarose gels and sequenced. The sequences
obtained were compared with known cDNA
sequences for canine GPIIb and GPIIIa.

Results—A single nucleotide change at position
G1193 (1100) was detected in exon 12 of the gene
encoding for platelet GPIIb in 2 affected Otterhounds.
Carrier Otterhounds were heterozygous at this position,
and 2 unaffected Otterhounds were unchanged.
This nucleotide change would result in substitution of
histidine for aspartic acid at position 398 (367) within
the third calcium-binding domain of GPIIb.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These studies
suggest that thrombasthenic thrombopathia of
Otterhounds is homologous phenotypically and has a
similar molecular basis to type-I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
in humans. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:1797–1804)