bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Proteomics by Parallel Accumulation‐Serial Fragmentation Supported MALDI MS/MS Imaging: A First Glance Into Multiplexed and Spatial Peptide Identification
Authors: Li Mujia Jenny , Meyer Larissa Chiara , Meier Nadine , Witte Jannik , Maldacker Maximilian , Seredynska Adrianna , Schueler Julia , Schilling Oliver , Föll Melanie Christine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleIn spatial proteomics, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging enables rapid and cost‐effective peptide measurements. Yet, in situ peptide identification remains challenging. Therefore, this study aims to integrate the trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS)–based parallel accumulation‐serial fragmentation (PASEF) into MALDI imaging of tryptic peptides to enable multiplexed MS/MS imaging.MethodsAn initial MALDI TIMS MS1 survey measurement was performed, followed by a manual generation of a precursor list containing mass over charge values and ion mobility windows. Inside the dual TIMS system, submitted precursors were trapped, separately eluted by their ion mobility and analyzed in a quadrupole time‐of‐flight device, thereby enabling multiplexed MALDI MS/MS imaging. Finally, precursors were identified by peptide to spectrum matching.ResultsThis study presents the first multiplexed MALDI TIMS MS/MS imaging (iprm‐PASEF) of tryptic peptides. Its applicability was showcased on two histomorphologically distinct tissue specimens in a four‐plex and five‐plex setup. Precursors were successfully identified by the search engine MASCOT in one single MALDI imaging experiment for each respective tissue. Peptide identifications were corroborated by liquid–chromatography tandem mass spectrometry experiments and fragment colocalization analyses.ConclusionsIn this study, we present a novel pipeline, based on iprm‐PASEF, that allows the multiplexed and spatial identification of tryptic peptides in MALDI imaging. Hence, it marks a first step towards the integration of MALDI imaging into the emerging field of spatial proteomics.
Insights Into Nitrogen Adsorption and Dinitrogen Dissociation on CnP Clusters: A First‐Principles Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Acharya Tirtha Raj , Pant Nirajan , Lamichhane Prajwal , Adhikari Prabesh , Gautam Sandhya , Kaushik Neha , Jha Vinaya Kumar , Choi Eun Ha , Kaushik Nagendra Kumar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis theoretical study employs first‐principles density functional calculations to investigate the adsorption mechanisms of dinitrogen on CnP clusters (n ≤ 3), comparing them with pure carbon clusters under identical conditions. Surprisingly, the adsorption energy of nitrogen on CnP clusters is generally lower than that on pure carbon clusters, which contradicts conventional expectations based solely on carbon. Intriguingly, instances occur where the adsorption energy on CnP clusters exceeds that on pure carbon clusters. Notably, the study reveals that even a pure carbon dimer can completely dissociate dinitrogen, suggesting its potential as a catalyst. Examining various cluster sizes, including dimers, trimers, and tetramers, the research elucidates that how configurations and orientations of adsorbed nitrogen molecules significantly impact adsorption properties. These insights underscore the potential of CnP clusters as the efficient catalysts for breaking the strong triple bond of dinitrogen. This research delivers unexpected findings that contribute significantly to the field of cluster catalysis and offers a novel perspective on nitrogen fixation processes. The observed variations in adsorption energy highlight the intricate interplay between cluster size, nitrogen orientation, and adsorption behavior. Our work advances the fundamental understanding of nitrogen adsorption on CnP clusters, demonstrating their promising role in developing energy‐efficient nitrogen fixation processes.
Machine Learning‐Integrated Numerical Simulation for Predicting Photothermal Conversion Performance of Metallic Nanofluids
Authors: Jia Pengpeng , Cao Chaoyu , Lu Xueting , Wei Yi , Du Jinpei , Xu Feng , Feng Shangsheng , You Minli 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhotothermal conversion in metallic nanofluids, driven by localized surface plasmon resonances, is essential for applications in biomedicine, such as cancer treatment and biosensing. However, accurately predicting photothermal conversion performance, particularly the spatial temperature distribution, remains challenging due to the complex interplay of nanoparticle properties. Existing experimental methods are labor‐intensive and often insufficient in providing detailed thermal profiles. Here, a novel approach that integrates machine learning is presented with numerical simulations to predict the photothermal conversion efficiency and spatial temperature distribution in gold nanorod nanofluid. The method employs Discrete Dipole Approximation for optical property calculations, Monte Carlo simulations for light transport, and finite element methods for temperature distribution modeling. The machine learning model, trained on 1,024 cases of photothermal conversion efficiency and 2,016 cases of temperature fields, achieves rapid and accurate predictions with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.972) to simulation results. This approach not only streamlines the prediction process but also provides an accessible tool for optimizing nanoparticle design, with significant implications for advancing biomedicine, energy, and sensor technologies.
Mobile Botnet Attacks Detection Using Supervised Learning Algorithms
Authors: Mohammadi Hassan , Hosseini Soodeh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn today's era of increased smart device usage, the prevalence of malicious attacks targeting mobile devices has risen significantly. Malware developers aim to infect as many mobile devices as possible, capitalizing on the vulnerabilities present in different operating systems that often host sensitive programs such as educational and banking applications. To combat this issue, this article introduces a mobile botnet detection system that leverages machine learning algorithms such as random forest, k‐nearest neighbor, logistic regression, and decision trees. Additionally, the system incorporates the use of the golden ratio evolutionary algorithm for dimension reduction and feature selection. The proposed method's performance is evaluated using detection accuracy, Precision, F1 Score, and Recall as evaluation criteria on NSL‐KDD, Drebin, and ISCX datasets. The results are compared with evaluation values obtained without applying the golden ratio feature selection algorithm and once again with the proposed method. The findings demonstrate that the proposed method, particularly when combined with the random forest algorithm, achieves the highest accuracy in the desired dataset. Moreover, the decision tree and k‐nearest neighbor algorithms also exhibit superior detection accuracy within the proposed method's framework. By utilizing the proposed method, the training time is reduced through feature selection, enabling swift mobile botnet identification.
Push‐out tests on steel sections encased in steel fibre reinforced concrete
Authors: Zanon Riccardo , Schäfer Markus , Paoletti Maxence , Ruiz Gonzalo , de la Rosa Ángel , Wolf Sebastien 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe configuration object of this study is a steel H‐shaped profile encased in reinforced concrete where the shear connection is obtained by rebars passing through holes in the web of the steel profile. This configuration is common for different structural typologies such as filler beam decks, slim‐floor beams, H‐pile head, or beam‐end anchorages. Experimental push‐out tests were performed at the University of Luxembourg with the objective to investigate the impact of using steel fibre reinforced concrete as an addition to the traditional bar reinforcement. The geometrical configuration was representative of the intended final application as filler beam deck and three specimens were casted with normal concrete and three specimens with steel fibre concrete. The main contributors of the shear connection resistance are surface friction at lower load levels and the reinforced concrete dowels through the web holes for higher load levels. Though a robust rebar reinforcement was foreseen, results showed a considerable enhancement of the structural performance thanks to the presence of steel fibres even for a moderate volumetric ratio. The enhanced tensile properties highly contribute to the shear resistance of the concrete matrix, ensuring higher resistance levels before the activation of shear failure surfaces. Steel fibres also confer a higher ductility to the concrete matrix particularly useful at steel‐concrete contact interfaces where high local pressures take place.
Leveraging historical trials to predict Fusarium head blight resistance in spring wheat breeding programs
Authors: Brault Charlotte , Conley Emily J. , Green Andrew J. , Glover Karl D. , Cook Jason P. , Gill Harsimardeep S. , Read Andrew C. , Fiedler Jason D. , Anderson James A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease posing a major threat to wheat production. Plant breeding that leverages genotyping is an effective method to improve the genetic resistance of cultivars. Started in 1995, the uniform regional scab nursery (URSN) consists of germplasm from several public breeding programs in the Northern US region. Its main objective is to showcase new sources of resistance and enable germplasm exchange among the cooperators; however, the data from the URSN have not been studied. Phenotypic and genotypic data from this nursery were gathered, as well as from two current breeding programs in the US Midwest. Genomic prediction on eight traits related to FHB and agronomic traits was applied, and the effects of statistical method, marker density, training set size, genetic structure, and genetic architecture of the trait were studied. Using the URSN population, reproducing kernel Hilbert space was the best method in various prediction settings, with an average accuracy of 0.63, marker density could be as low as 500 without decreasing the prediction accuracy, and training set optimization was useful for two traits. Furthermore, genotypic values were predicted in breeding programs using the URSN population as a training set with various prediction scenarios. Predicting unrelated populations led to a significant decrease in accuracy but with encouraging values for some traits and populations. Ultimately, when progressively decreasing the number of lines from breeding populations in the training set, the advantage of adding the URSN population was more pronounced, with an increase in accuracy up to 0.19.
Assessment of Biosecurity in Poultry Farms in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Dhakal Alok , Devkota Sachin , Jethara Sher Bahadur , Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Phuyal Parshuram 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe occurrence of poultry disease is one of the major problems for poultry farmers. Proper implementation of biosecurity practices leads to a reduction in entry, occurrence and spread of pathogens on farms, that have negative consequences for animal health, human health and economy. The goal of the study was to assess biosecurity measures implemented by broiler and layer farmers in Chitwan, Nepal. A total of 400 poultry farmers were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The mean conceptual, structural and operational biosecurity scores obtained by the farms were 4.7 ± 1.2, 11.6 ± 2.7 and 17.1 ± 4.1, respectively. The average biosecurity score recorded was 33.4 ± 6.7. The lowest score obtained by a farm was 7, whereas the highest score obtained was 47. It was found that out of 400 farms, 44.2% (177/400) maintained a satisfactory level of biosecurity, while the remaining 223 (55.8%) exhibited an unsatisfactory level. The chi‐square test revealed that the main occupation (χ2 = 31.832, p < 0.001), experience in poultry farming (χ2 = 13.618, p < 0.001), attending poultry farming training (χ2 = 23.107, p < 0.001), biosecurity training (χ2 = 15.331, p = 0.002), farm capacity (χ2 = 41.794, p < 0.001), farm type (χ2 = 25.002, p < 0.001), flooring system (χ2 = 35.906, p < 0.001) and presence of workers in the farm (χ2 = 44.024, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the biosecurity level in poultry farms. This study reveals that there is much space for improvement in the adoption of biosecurity measures by poultry farms. Future training programs for poultry farmers should focus on providing knowledge on the proper implementation of biosecurity measures as a strategy for disease prevention and control.
Prominence and Erasure of African Languages in Higher Education
Authors: Gibson Hannah , Lück Jacqueline , Riedel Kristina , Namboodiripad Savithry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines issues related to how prominent African languages are in higher education, drawing on the broader discourses as well as the views and experiences of our survey respondents. The questions we explore in this chapter relate to the ways in which African languages are—or are not—embedded into different educational spaces and contexts, including beyond language and linguistics classes, for example in history, sociology and economics courses. It also explores whether certain African languages are more widely taught or used to exemplify specific points or topics, and whether there are specific sub-disciplines which make more widespread use of African languages than others.
Control of interpass temperature and arc oscillation for improved mechanical properties and geometrical uniformity in Ti6Al4V alloy deposition using wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Carvalho Gustavo H. S. F. L. , Campatelli Gianni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present work proposes the control of the interpass temperature and the use of arc oscillation of Ti6Al4V (grade 5) alloy in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) depositions to predict and control mechanical properties and geometric uniformity. The results showed that by controlling the interpass temperature and using arc oscillation, satisfactory titanium depositions can be obtained without a closed chamber or the need for heat treatment. Monitoring the interpass temperature allows control of the mechanical properties and geometrical uniformity. However, no significant benefit in terms of mechanical properties or geometric uniformity was found by maintaining the interpass temperature below 120°C under the studied conditions. Using arc oscillation reduced the formation of columnar grains growing across the layers, decreasing the growth of prior-β grains in the vertical building direction. The interpass temperature control between 120°C and 400°C presented the most interesting results for the conditions studied, considering the trade-off between properties and productivity.
Crystallization of $$\hbox {C}^*$$-Algebras
Authors: Laca Marcelo , Neshveyev Sergey , Yamashita Makoto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Given a

$$\hbox {C}^*$$

C
∗

-algebra A with an almost periodic time evolution

$$\sigma $$

σ

, we define a new

$$\hbox {C}^*$$

C
∗

-algebra

$$A_c$$

A
c

, which we call the crystal of

$$(A,\sigma )$$

(
A
,
σ
)

, that represents the zero temperature limit of

$$(A, \sigma )$$

(
A
,
σ
)

. We prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the ground states of

$$(A,\sigma )$$

(
A
,
σ
)

and the states on

$$A_c$$

A
c

, justifying the name. In order to investigate further the relation between low temperature equilibrium states on A and traces on

$$A_c$$

A
c

, we define a Fock module

$$\mathcal {F}$$

F

over the crystal and construct a vacuum representation of A on

$$\mathcal {F}$$

F

. This allows us to show, under relatively mild assumptions, that for sufficiently large inverse temperatures

$$\beta $$

β

the

$$\sigma $$

σ

-

$$\hbox {KMS}_\beta $$

KMS
β

-states on A are induced from traces on

$$A_c$$

A
c

by means of the Fock module. In the second part, we compare the K-theoretic structures of A and

$$A_c$$

A
c

. Previous work by various authors suggests that they have (rationally) isomorphic K-groups. We analyze this phenomenon in detail, confirming it under favorable conditions, but showing that, in general, there is apparently no easy way to relate these groups. As examples, we discuss in particular Exel’s results on semi-saturated circle actions, and recent results of Miller on the K-theory of inverse semigroup

$$\hbox {C}^*$$

C
∗

-algebras. In relation to the latter, we introduce the notion of a scale N on an inverse semigroup I and define a new inverse semigroup

$$I_c$$

I
c

, which we call the crystal of (I, N).
Expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells under consideration of bioengineering aspects: part 1
Authors: Schneider Samuel Lukas , Teale Misha Alexander , Seidel Stefan , Krasenbrink Jürgen , Poggel Martin , Eibl Dieter , Sousa Marcos F. Q. , Eibl Regine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To fully utilize the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for allogeneic stem cell–based therapies, efficient and scalable expansion procedures must be developed. For other adherent human cell types, the combination of microcarriers (MCs) and stirred tank bioreactors has been shown to meet these demands. In this study, a hiPSC quasi-perfusion expansion procedure based on MCs was developed at 100-mL scale in spinner flasks. Process development began by assessing various medium exchange strategies and MC coatings, indicating that the hiPSCs tolerated the gradual exchange of medium well when cultivated on Synthemax II–coated MCs. This procedure was therefore scaled-up to the 1.3-L Eppendorf BioBLU 1c stirred tank bioreactor by applying the lower limit of Zwietering’s suspension criterion (

$${N}_{s1u}$$

N

s
1
u

), thereby demonstrating proof-of-concept when used in combination with hiPSCs for the first time. To better understand the bioreactor and its bioengineering characteristics, computational fluid dynamics and bioengineering investigations were performed prior to hiPSC cultivation. In this manner, improved process understanding allowed an expansion factor of ≈ 26 to be achieved, yielding more than 3 × 109 cells within 5 days. Further quality analyses confirmed that the hiPSCs maintained their viability, identity, and differentiation potential throughout cultivation.

Key points

•

$${N}_{s1u}$$

N

s
1
u

can be used as a scale-up criterion for hiPSC cultivations in MC-operated stirred bioreactors

• Uniform distribution and attachment of cells to the MCs are crucial for efficient expansion

• Perfusion is advantageous and supports the cultivation of hiPSCs
Effects of tafamidis on serial [99mTc]Tc-DPD scintigraphy in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ungericht Maria , Schuetz Thomas , Messner Moritz , Puelacher Christian , Staggl Simon , Zaruba Marc-Michael , Kroiss Alexander Stephan , Bauer Axel , Poelzl Gerhard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The relevance of repetitive [99mTc]Tc-DPD scintigraphy in wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTRwt-CM) remains unclear. We investigated the impact of tafamidis on cardiac [99mTc]Tc-DPD uptake, clinical, and laboratory markers at 6 and 12 months, and correlated 12 months [99mTc]Tc-DPD uptake regression with survival.

Methods
This single-center study enrolled 39 ATTRwt-CM patients. Upon treatment initiation with tafamidis, patients underwent follow-up [99mTc]Tc-DPD scintigraphy, and clinical and laboratory evaluations at 6 months (n = 6) and 12 months (n = 13), or both (n = 20).

Results
Tafamidis resulted in a significant decline in Perugini score (6 months p = 0.008, 12 months p < 0.001), and (semi-)quantitative [99mTc]Tc-DPD uptake (total cardiac uptake: baseline 816 [522–933] cps, vs. 6 months 634 [502–734] cps, p = 0.003, vs. 12 months 523 [108–754] cps, p = 0.001). Clinical and laboratory improvements were observed (NYHA: 6 months p = 0.007, 12 months p = 0.033; NT-proBNP: baseline 2586 [1271–5561] ng/L, vs. 6 months 2526 [1109–4786] ng/L, p = 0.016, vs. 12 months 2340 [1411–4749] ng/L, p = 0.012). In Kaplan–Meier analysis, a decrease in right ventricular [99mTc]Tc-DPD tracer uptake equal to or greater than the median value at 12 months (-30%) was associated with improved survival (log-rank p = 0.021).

Conclusions
Tafamidis in ATTRwt-CM resulted in significant reductions of cardiac [99mTc]Tc-DPD uptake, NYHA class, and cardiac biomarkers at 6 and 12 months. Regression of right ventricular [99mTc]Tc-DPD uptake at 12 months was associated with improved survival.
Unveiling the potential of copper-61 vs. gallium-68 for SSTR PET imaging
Authors: Fonseca A. I. , Sereno J. , Almeida S. , Ferreira H. , Hrynchak I. , Falcão A. , Alves F. , Gomes C. , Abrunhosa A. J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
In recent years, copper-61 has attracted considerable attention from both physicists and radiochemists due to its favorable physical decay properties for PET imaging and its ease of production at any cyclotron center producing [18F]FDG. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of 61Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging of NETs, as an alternative to the commonly used gallium-68.

Methods
Copper-61 was produced by irradiation of natural zinc liquid targets, followed by post-processing. In vitro evaluation of 61Cu- and 68Ga-labeled SST analogues was performed in SSTR positive AR42J tumor cells. PET/MRI was carried out in mice bearing AR42J subcutaneous tumors.

Results
High molar activity [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE and [61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE were successfully prepared with a radiochemical purity of over 95% and were shown to be stable for at least 6 h after the EOS. Both 61Cu- and 68Ga-labeled SST analogues exhibited high cellular uptake, with residual uptake when blocked with an excessive amount of peptide precursor. [61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE showed the highest tumor uptake at 1 h p.i. (13.25 ± 1.86%ID/g) and the tumor-to-non-tumor ratio increased from 1 h to 4 h p.i. At the later time point, tumor visualization improved compared to 1 h p.i. Moreover, preclinical PET/MR images demonstrated that [61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE has a more favorable biodistribution and imaging properties than [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE, with the extended PET imaging window providing a clear advantage of [61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE over its gallium-68 analogues.

Conclusion
[61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE showed similar biodistribution and pharmacokinetics to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE at 1 h p.i., while demonstrating superior imaging characteristics for late PET imaging. These findings demonstrate that [61Cu]Cu-NOTA-TATE holds promising characteristics for improving the detection of NETs with increased translational potential.