bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidrug transporter p‐glycoprotein 170 as a differentiation antigen on normal human lymphocytes and thymocytes: Modulation with differentiation stage and during aging
Authors: Pilarski Linda M. , Paine Darlene , McElhaney Janet E. , Cass Carol E. , Belch Andrew R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractP‐glycoprotein 170 (P‐gp), the multidrug transport pump, excludes drugs from the interior of cells and is inhibited by agents such as cyclosporin A (CsA), verapamil, and FK‐506, which are also substrates for the P‐gp pump. This work documents the age‐ and differentiation‐related changes in P‐gp on T and B lymphocytes from human blood or spleen, and its absence on most thymus and bone marrow cells. Analysis of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) dye efflux, and its inhibition by cyclosporin A, was used as a quantitative measure of functional P‐gp, and reactivity with MRK‐16 was used as a measure of P‐gp Surface expression. The dye efflux and phenotypic expression of P‐gp+ PBMC appeared equivalent to that of a moderately drug‐resistant cell line, although efflux is prolonged. The sensitivity to inhibition by CsA, cyclosporin G (CsG), and PSC833 of P‐gp on PBMC, thymocytes, or T‐cell lines varied with apparent cell‐type specificity. Normal blood and splenic T‐ or B‐cells included 50‐80% of cells with surface P‐gp (MRK‐16+), which mediated CsA‐sensitive dye export. The proportion of P‐gp+ T‐ and B‐cells was lowest among children under age 10 years, increased in adulthood, and decreased after age 60. Thymus included 30% of P‐gp+ cells mediating CsA‐sensitive dye export, including CD3−4‐8‐ progenitors and mature CD3hi CD4+8‐ or CD4−8+ thymocytes. Mature T‐cells in cord or adult blood, spleen, and bone marrow included a large proportion (50‐60%) with efficient CsA‐sensitive dye export, preferentially among the CD45RA+ subset. Monocytes from all tissue sources, and most bone marrow cells, expressed surface P‐gp but retained Rh123, suggesting the absence of a functional dye export mechanism. In vitro mitogen‐stimu‐lated PBMC T and B lymphocytes lost P‐gp function within 4‐24 hr, consistent with the observation that P‐gp was reduced on antigen‐xperienced CD45RO+ T‐cells in vivo. Drug export by P‐gp may protect lymphocytes from toxic effects of CsA, and may contribute to the immunosuppressive effects of such drugs. The developmentally regulated expression of P‐gp function on lymphocytes, and its modulation on activated T‐ or B‐cells, suggest an important role in normal immune development. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous occurrence of tetrasomy 21 and trisomy 8 in a patient with early blastic metamorphosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorder
Authors: Sebastio Lucia , Ferrara Felicetto , Vicari Laura , Noto Rosella Di , Vecchio Luigi Del , Pane Fabrizio , Fasanaro Alfredo , Cimino Renato , Salvatore Francesco , Ventruto Valerio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report an unusual hyperdiploid karyotype characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of tetrasomy 21 and trisomy 8 detected during early blastic evolution of a BCR‐ABL‐negative chronic myeloproliferative disorder. Blast cells from this patient showed a striking response to all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA)‐induced differentiation as evaluated by CD15 expression following in vitro exposure to this inducer. Our report represents the first description of such a composite karyotype in human hematologic malignancies.
Haplotypes of the human β‐like globin gene cluster: Analyzing the 3′ Hpa I polymorphic site by long distance PCR
Authors: Sheth Sujit , Piomelli Sergio , Wang Xiuhua 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHaplotypes of the β‐like globin gene cluster in individuals with sickle cell disease appear to be important as prognostic factors for the severity of the disease. The Hpa I polymorphic site 3′ of the β‐globin gene is very often involved in haplotyping. However, this restriction site cannot be ascertained by conventional PCR, as it is in the middle of a long repetitive sequence. Long distance PCR was employed to amplify this Hpa I‐containing region. By positioning either one or both primers outside the repetitive sequence, specific amplification was achieved. Moreover, sufficient amplification can be obtained by using a white cell lysate instead of purified DNA, thereby significantly reducing the amount of blood needed, and the total procedure time.
Increasing mortality from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the United States—analysis of national mortality data, 1968–1991
Authors: Török Thomas J. , Holman Robert C. , Chorba Terence L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare disease and the epidemiologic features have been incompletely characterized. Because of the historically high case‐fatality rate for TTP, we analyzed U.S. multiple cause‐of‐death mortality data with TTP listed on the death record for the period 1968–1991, in order to estimate the incidence of TTP, to characterize demographic features of the decedents, and to determine if trends in mortality correlate with findings from clinical studies showing improved survival in recent years.There were 4,523 TTP‐associated deaths during the 24‐year study period. The annual age‐adjusted mortality rate decreased initially and reached its lowest point at 0.4 per 1,000,000 residents for the years 1970 through 1973, and then increased steadily to 1.1 during the last 4 years of the study period, 1988 through 1991. We estimate the current incidence of TTP to be approximately 3.7 cases per 1,000,000 residents. Deaths were rare below the age of 20 years, but the age‐specific mortality rate for those 20 years and older increased steadily with increasing age. Regardless of age, females were affected more often than males, and the overall female‐to‐male age‐adjusted rate ratio was 1.9 (95% confidence interval (Cl), 1.8 to 2.0). The greatest age‐specific difference was between females and males in their twenties (rate ratio 3.2; 95% Cl, 2.6 to 3.9). The mortality rate for blacks, and especially black females, was higher than the mortality rate for whites (black‐to‐white age‐adjusted rate ratio 3.4; 95% Cl, 3.2 to 3.6; black female‐to‐white female age‐adjusted rate ratio 3.6; 95% Cl, 3.3 to 3.9), although the majority of deaths were among whites (71.5%). Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or an HIV‐related diagnosis was reported in 61 (1.3%) decedents overall and in 51 (4.4%) decedents from 1988 through 1991.The TTP mortality rate has increased over time despite reports of significant improvement in survival associated with clinical use of plasma infusion and plasma exchange. This trend in mortality suggests that the incidence of TTP is increasing. Blacks, and black females in particular, are affected at a disproportionately high rate. The increased incidence of HIV infection and related disease may have contributed to some of the increase in TTP mortality in recent years, but it does not explain the majority of the increase, which began before the onset of the HIV epidemic.
Filterability of mixtures of sickle and normal erythrocytes
Authors: Hasegawa Setsuo , Hiruma Hiroyuki , Uyesaka Nobuhiro , Noguchi Constance T. , Schechter Alan N. , Rodgers Griffin P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe investigated the deformability of sickle (SS) cells from 25 patients and mixtures of these SS cells with blood type‐compatible normal (AA) cells, using a nickel mesh filtration system, with the aim of determining optimal goals for exchange therapy. We found that for air‐equilibrated SS/AA cell mixtures the fraction of dense cells (MCHC >37 g/dl) is the determinant factor in filterability and that the dense cells contribute in a linear fashion to the loss of filtration up to 15% dense cells (y = ‐4.41 × + 98.23, r = 0.945, P < 0.0001). The slope of this effect is approximately 25 times steeper than that of the relationship between filtration and percent nondense (MCHC < 37/g/dl) SS cells (y = ‐0.17x +106.53, r = 0.772, P < 0.0001). A comparison of the proportion of high fluorescence reticulocytes to total reticulocytes (HFR ratio), indicating an elevation of immature reticulocytes, between six nontransfused patients and six exchange‐transfused patients showed significant higher values in the nontransfused individuals (0.154 ± 0.051 versus 0.070 ± 0.054, P < 0.003). These results may have implications regarding targets for exchange transfusion therapy. Further studies of the effect on transfusion, both simple and exchange, on the numbers of dense cells and the proportions and populations of reticulocytes and the rheological characteristics of the erythrocyte subpopulations seems warranted.
Inactivation of the DCC tumor suppressor gene in a B‐cell lymphoma cell line with the alteration of chromosome 18
Authors: Ikezoe Takayuki , Miyagi Tatsushi , Kubota Tetsuya , Taguchi Takahiro , Ohtsuki Yuji , Miyake Koichi , Inokuchi Koiti , Nomura Takeo , Phillip Koeffler H. , Miyoshi Isao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA B‐cell lymphoma cell line, designated KML‐1, was established from pleural effusion of a patient with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of large‐cell type. The lymphoma arose in the pelvis and ran an aggressive clinical course. Chromosome analysis of the cell line exhibited a complex karyotype including the loss of chromosome 18. To evaluate the molecular events in the cell line that may be associated with the development of the lymphoma, we investigated the expression and/or alterations of several classes of human genes, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and cytokine genes. The expression of the DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) gene, located on the chromosome 18q21, was extremely reduced in KML‐1 cell line, as compared with that in a normal spleen tissue and other 4 lymphoma cell lines by the reverse transcription‐polymerase‐chain‐reaction (RT‐PCR) method. This finding suggests that inactivation of the DCC gene might play a role in the pathogenesis of the case of lymphoma.
Platelet autoantibodies in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Pereira Jaime , Accatino Luigi , Alfaro Jorge , Brahm Javier , Hidalgo Patricia , Mezzano Diego 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe thrombocytopenia in chronic liver disease (CLD) has been attributed mainly to hypersplenism, although other factors such as reduced mean life span with increased platelet turnover have also been demonstrated. Immunological abnormalities have been described in the pathogenesis and progression of CLD. In this sense, many studies have reported elevated levels of platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) in patients with CLD, and it has been suggested that PAIgG could represent true antiplatelet antibody. In this study we used a glycoprotein (GP)‐specific immunoassay (MACE) to determine whether PAIgG or circulating antiplatelet antibodies, reacted against the GPIIb/IIIa or GPIb/IX complexes, in patients with CLD. Thirty‐six patients with CLD of diverse etiology were studied (20 female, mean age 53 years, range 38–75 years). 23 out of 36 patients (64%) had anti‐GP antibodies in MACE. Particularly, 12 had anti‐GPIb, 4 anti‐GPIIb/IIIa, and 7 had both types of autoantibodies. The existence of these anti‐GP antibodies was not related with the blood platelet count or etiology of CLD.These data show that in patients with CLD of diverse origin, there is a high prevalence of autoantibodies reacting specifically with platelet membrane GP, which constitutes the first evidence of the specific nature of platelet‐bound IgG in CLD. These findings suggest that in patients with CLD, an immune mechanism may participate in inducing or aggravating the thrombocytopenia.
CD2+, CD3‐, CD56/NCAM+ malignant lymphoma with TCRβ gene rearrangement: A case report
Authors: Savilo Elena , Meyer Ralph M. , Soamboonsrup Praniti , Sunisloe Linda , Frank George L. , Simon Gerard T. , Neame Peter B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of CD56/NCAM+ malignant lymphoma is reported. Only a rare malignant lymphoma cell showed azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm of Giesma‐stained preparations, while electron microscopic examination revealed occasional cytoplasmic granules with paracrystalline inclusions. The most common phenotype seen in NK lymphomas, CD2+, CD3‐, CD56+, CD16‐, CD57‐, was present in the case. Cases with this phenotype have been interpreted to represent either true NK lymphoma or T‐cell lymphoma with NK expression. Genotyping, where performed, has shown TCR germline configuration. Our case showed TCRβ rearrangement indicating that the above phenotype can be associated with a peripheral T‐cell lymphoma.
Lymphocytosis of large granular lymphocytes in patients with hodgkin's disease
Authors: Kingreen Dorothea , Dalal Bakul I. , Heyman Meyer , Phillips Gordon L. , Horsman Doug , Kidd Pamela , Loughran Thomas P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClonal disorders of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) of either CD3‐ (NK cell) or CD 3+ (T‐cell) phenotype have been described. B‐cell malignancies such as hairy cell leukemia and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma have been observed in association with the T‐cell type of LGL leukemia. Here we report the occurrence of LGL lymphocytosis in four patients with Hodgkin's disease. Immunophenotyping studies showed that these LGL were CD 3‐ in three patients and CD3+ in the other. LGL were polyclonally expanded in both patients in whom clonality could be assessed.
Biphasic response of complement to heparin: Fluid‐phase generation of neoantigens in human serum and in a reconstituted alternative pathway amplification cycle
Authors: Keil Lynn B. , Jimenez Edward , Guma Michael , Reyes Marivic Delos , Liguori Chiara , Debari Vincent A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe a study of the effects of heparin on complement activation through the use of assays for fragment C4d, fragment Bb, and the S‐C5b‐9 complex (S‐MAC). In sera from healthy volunteers, virtually no change was observed in C4d either as a function of time or of heparin concentration, whereas changes in Bb and S‐MAC were biphasic. This observation was explored in greater detail in the heparin concentration range 0.001–5.0 u/ml (5 × 10−3 to 25 μg/ml). For both Bb and S‐MAC, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in production was noted in the heparin concentration range, 0.01–0.5 u/ml (5 × 10−2 to 2.5 μg/ml). At higher heparin concentrations, Bb and S‐MAC production decreased markedly (P < 0.05). We reconstituted the alternative pathway amplification cycle (C3, factor B, and factor D) and studied Bb generation. With reactants at concentrations one tenth those of normal serum, we observed a maximum generation of 13.2 μg/ml Bb. Control and heparin at 5 × 10−4 μg/ml generated Bb concentrations of 6.8 and 6.1 μg/ml, respectively, for a 2‐min incubation; at 5 × 10−3 μg/ml heparin, Bb was increased to 9.8 μg/ml. Using isoelectric focusing to study anionic pI shifts in heparin‐bound factors B and D, it was found that factor B bound heparin only at the highest heparin concentration studied, i.e., 50 μg/ml; factor D, however, bound heparin at a much lower concentration (0.05 μg/ml). We conclude that, at low concentrations, heparin activates complement due to potentiation of the alternative pathway amplification cycle in the fluid phase.
A simple method for the derivation of the international normalized ratio for the reporting of prothrombin time results
Authors: Habibzadeh F. , Yadollahie M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to harmonize the prothrombin time (PT) reporting systems, the World Health Organization, in collaboration with the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis, and the International Council on the Standardization in Hematology proposed a reporting system, the so‐called international normalized ratio (INR). As the calculation of the INR depends on mathematical formula requiring a special calculator or mathematic tables, its derivation is associated with some difficulties and errors. In this article a nomogram is presented, by which derivation of the INR from different PT reporting methods can be easily done within a few seconds.
Assessing dose–response relationships by cumulative exposures in epidemiological studies
Authors: Axelson Olav , Forastiere Francesco , Frederickson Mats 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundIf the occurrence of disease monotonically increases with the degree of exposure in an epidemiologic study, a dose–response (or exposure‐response) relationship is indicated and facilitates the interpretation that the exposure has a causal role. It is not uncommon, however, that there is some effect in terms of an overall increased relative risk but no clear dose–response relationship.MethodsModels presented here show that cumulative exposure, as involving the duration of exposure, is not an adequate parameter when more recent exposure or the intensity of the exposure plays the greater role for the disease outcome.ConclusionsIn lack of a dose–response pattern by cumulative exposure, the interpretation of an overall increased risk might well be that there is no definite effect. The proper consideration should be, however, that the measure of exposure could be inadequate, suggesting a need for further analyses and evaluations of the material studied. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50: 217–220, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative MD analysis of the stability of transthyretin providing insight into the fibrillation mechanism
Authors: Sørensen Jesper , Hamelberg Donald , Schiøtt Birgit , McCammon J. Andrew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProteins can misfold and aggregate, which is believed to be the cause of a variety of diseases, affecting very diverse organs in the body. Many questions about the nature of aggregation and the proteins that are involved in these events are still left unanswered. One of the proteins that is known to form amyloids is transthyretin (TTR), the secondary transporter of thyroxine, and transporter of retinol‐binding protein. Several experimental results have helped to explain this aberrant behavior of TTR; however, structural insights of the amyloidgenic process are still lacking. Therefore, we have used all‐atom MD simulation and free energy calculations to study the initial phase of this process. We have calculated the free energy changes of the initial tetramer dissociation under different conditions and in the presence of thyroxine. We show that tetramer formation is indeed only thermodynamically favorable in neutral pH conditions. We find that binding of two thyroxine molecules stabilizes the complex, and that this occurs with negative cooperativity. In addition to the energetic calculations, we have also investigated the dominant motions of the TTR and found that only the dimeric form of the protein could undergo the initial fibril formation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 86: 73–82, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Using respirometric techniques and fluorescent in situ hybridization to evaluate the heterotrophic active biomass in activated sludge
Authors: Ismail A. , Wentzel M.C. , Bux F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe separation and accurate quantification of active biomass components in activated sludge is of paramount importance in models, used for the management and design of waste water (WW) treatment plants. Accurate estimates of microbial population concentrations and the direct, in situ determination of kinetic parameters could improve the calibration and validation of existing models of biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems. The aim of this study was to obtain correlations between heterotrophic active biomass (ZBH) concentrations predicted by mathematical models and quantitative information obtained by Fluorescent in situ hybridizations (FISH). Respirometric batch test were applied to mixed liquors drawn from a well‐defined parent anoxic/aerobic activated sludge system to quantify the ZBH concentrations. Similarly fluorescent labeled, 16S rRNA‐targeted oligonucleotide probes specific for ammonia and nitrite oxidizers were used in combination with DAPI staining to validate the ZBH active biomass component in activate sludge respirometric batch tests. For the direct enumeration and simultaneous in situ analysis of the distribution of nitrifying bacteria, in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes were used. Probes (NSO 1225, NSR 1156, and NIT3) were used to target the nitrifiers and the universal probe (EUB MIX) was used to target all Eubacteria. Deducting the lithoautotrophic population from the total bacteria population revealed the ZBH population. A conversion factor of 8.49 × 10−11 mg VSS/cell was applied to express the ZBH in terms of COD concentration. ZBH values obtained by molecular probing correlated closely with values obtained from the modified batch test. However, the trend of consistently poor correspondence of measured and theoretical concentrations were evident. Therefore, the focus of this study was to investigate alternative technology, such as FISH to validate or replace kinetic parameters which are invariably incorporated into models. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 561–568. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neutrophil elastase inhibitor prevents endotoxin-induced liver injury following experimental partial hepatectomy
Authors: Kwon A-H , Qiu Z 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundDuring endotoxaemia, neutrophils activated by inflammatory cytokines release reactive oxygen species and neutrophil elastase, resulting in hepatic necrosis and dysfunction. This study investigated the possible mechanism underlying the protective effect of sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, on endotoxin-induced liver injury following partial hepatectomy.MethodsLipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered intravenously to male Sprague–Dawley rats 48 h after 70 per cent hepatectomy. Sivelestat or normal saline was given intravenously before LPS administration,ResultsTreatment with sivelestat significantly improved the survival rate. Sivelestat prevented increases in the concentration of serum enzymes and total bilirubin related to liver injury. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and liver tissue were significantly lower in the sivelestat-treated group than in the control group. The degree of neutrophil infiltration, necrosis and apoptosis in the remnant liver was significantly decreased in sivelestat-treated rats. Sivelestat pretreatment inhibited the activation of nuclear factor (NF) κB, caspase 3 and 8 activities, and cytochrome c release.ConclusionSivelestat prevents LPS-induced liver injury by inhibition of NF-κB activation and apoptosis.
Structure and Energy of Mo27SxCy Clusters: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Wen Xiao‐Dong , Cao Zhi , Li Yong‐Wang , Wang Jianguo , Jiao Haijun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Apparent Giant Dielectric Constants, Dielectric Relaxation, and Ac‐Conductivity of Hexagonal Perovskites La1.2Sr2.7BO7.33 (B: Ru, Ir).
Authors: Lunkenheimer P. , Goetzfried T. , Fichtl R. , Weber S. , Rudolf T. , Loidl A. , Reller A. , Ebbinghaus S. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of Strontium Hexasilicide.
Authors: Wosylus Aron , Prots Yurii , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schnelle Walter , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.