bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytochemical Reactions in Cells from Leukemic Cats
Authors: Grindem Carol B. , Stevens Jerry B. , Perman Victor 
Published: February 2009

SummaryCytochemical staining for leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP), nonspecific esterase (NSE), nonspecific esterase with fluoride inhibition (NSE‐F), periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reactivity, and peroxidase (PO) was valuable in identification of the neoplastic cell type in 10 leukemic cats. Staining both blood and bone marrow smears was often necessary for making the correct diagnosis. Cytochemical staining resulted in changing the morphologic diagnosis of leukemia in two of the 10 cats. Also, increased LAP activity, probably a marker for myelocytic leukemia in the cat, was observed in bone marrow cells from three nonleukemic, FeLV‐positivecats.
Screening Coagulation Tests in the Cat: Reference Values Based on Direct Venipuncture and Catheterized Samples
Authors: Killingsworth Cheryl R. , Weiss Douglas J. , Eyster G.E. , Bartlett Paul C. , Bell T.G. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryPlatelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen degradation products, fibrinogen, and modified thrombin time were determined in 46 healthy adult cats. Samples were obtained by direct venipuncture (pet cats, n = 20) or through an 18 gauge intravenous jugular catheter (laboratory conditioned cats, n ‐ 26). Range, mean, standard error, and 95% confidence interval were tabulated for the 2 samples. A statistically significant difference between the two groups of cats (Student's t test, p < .05) was found for fibrinogen. No statistical difference was detected between the two groups of cats for the other laboratory values.
Cytochemical Properties of Chicken Blood Cells Resembling Both Thrombocytes and Lymphocytes
Authors: Swayne David E. , Stockham Steven L. , S.Johnson Gary 
Published: February 2009

SummaryGenerally accepted criteria were used to identify typical nucleated thrombocytes and typical small lymphocytes in chicken‐blood smears subjected to modified‐Wright staining. Other cells, here referred to as “intermediate cells,” were difficult to classify because in some aspects they resembled thrombocytes while they also had features typical of small lymphocytes. The “intermediate cells” had small, round or oval nuclei with coarsely condensed chromatin, characteristic of both thrombocytes and small lymphocytes. In addition, “intermediate cells” had moderately abundant cytoplasmic volumes, typical of thrombocytes but blue cytoplasm lacking both granules and vacuoles, which is characteristic of small lymphocytes. It made little difference to the thrombocyte count whether these cells were classified as thrombocytes or small lymphocytes; however, this decision made a substantial difference to the lymphocyte count in some chicken‐blood smears.Most “intermediate cells” (351 of 410 cells examined) were nonfluorescent after treatment with formaldehyde gas. Furthermore, most “intermediate cells” failed to acquire characteristic pigments when subjected to either Grimelius staining (179 of 204 cells examined) or periodic acid‐Schiff staining (173 of 206 cells examined). Typical small lymphocytes reacted in the same way, failing to fluoresce after gaseous formaldehyde treatment(65 of 65 cells examined) and failing to react during Grimelius staining (41 of 44 cells examined) or periodic acid‐Schiff staining (21 of 21 cells examined). In contrast, almost all typical thrombocytes became fluorescent in response to gaseous formaldehyde (709 of 718 cells examined) and gave positive reactions when subjected to Grimelius staining (381 of 382 cells examined) or periodic acid‐Schiff staining (322 of 326 cells examined). These findings suggested that “intermediate cells” should be classified as lymphocytes in differential cell counts.
Hemosiderin in Leukocytes of Dogs with Immune‐Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Gaunt Stephen D. , Baker Dale C. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryHemosiderin granules were identified in blood neutrophils and monocytes of three dogs. The brownish granules were 1 to 4 microns in diameter and stained positively for iron with Prussian blue stain. All three dogs had evidence of immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia and received whole blood transfusions prior to observation of hemosiderin. The mechanism of hemosiderin accumulation by blood leukocytes from these dogs was undetermined. Iron overload produced by administration of whole blood transfusions during immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia was implicated as a causative factor.
Potential Role of Serum Inhibitors of Erythropoiesis in the Anemia Associated With Infection, Renal Disease and Malignancy in the Dog
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: February 2009

SummarySerum from dogs with anemia secondary to infection, malignancy and chronic renal disease was tested for the capacity to inhibit in vitro erythropoiesis. Serum inhibition was found in seven of 10 dogs with infectious diseases, four of 10 dogs with malignant diseases, and two of 10 dogs with chronic renal failure. The results were reproducible with at least three different marrow donor dogs. Serum inhibition did not correlate with decreased packed cell volumes. However, serum inhibition occurred in the two dogs with greatest azotemia suggesting that inhibitors of erythropoiesis are present only in advanced stages of renal failure.
Mean Platelet Volume Artifacts: The Effect of Anticoagulants and Temperature on Canine Platelets
Authors: Handagama Prem , Feldman Bernard , Kono Constance , Farver Thomas 
Published: February 2009

SummaryImproper handling of specimens results in artifactually high Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) measurements limiting their usefulness as a clinical tool. MPV measurement and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were performed on split specimens collected from normal dogs using two anticoagulants and two temperatures over a period of 4 hours. Platelets exposed to EDTA and maintained at 4 °C (39.2 °F) exhibited the highest artifactual increase in MPV, while those exposed to citrate and maintained at 37°C (98.6 °F) exhibited minimal change. The increase in MPV was accompanied by platelet shape change from a smooth disc to an irregular sphere with filopodia. It is recommended that citrated specimens maintained at 37°C be used in all MPV measurements.
A Review of Feline Serum Protein Electrophoresis
Authors: Baker Rebecca J. , Valli Victor E.O. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA review of the current literature available on feline serum proteins is presented. Early studies concentrated on comparative aspects of species variations in the electro‐phoretic pattern. The feline electrophoreto‐gram was divided into five basic regions: albumin, alpha‐1, alpha‐2, beta and gamma. Different subdivisions of these areas were recognized depending on the support medium used. Current papers have compared the relative migration distances of each globulin peak to the migration of albumin. This “Rf” value enables reliable peak identification. To date, no data exists identifying the individual proteins responsible for the peaks in the alpha and beta regions. The only feline globulin to be studied is haptoglobin; however its precise location on the electrophoretic strip was not identified.
An Enzyme Immunoassay to Measure Canine Circulating Fibronectin
Authors: O'Neill Sharron L , Boothby John T. , Feldman Bernard F. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA competitive enzyme immunoassay has been used to detect and quantitate fibronectin in canine plasma. In this test, purified fibronectin, bound to microtiter plates, competes with plasma fibronectin for the conjugated antibody, rabbit‐anticanine, fibronec‐tin‐horseradish peroxidase. The assay could detect fibronectin in purified standards from 58 ng/ml to 580 μg/ml. The range of 1–100 μ g/ml was linear for plasma samples diluted 1:10, allowing samples with fibronectin concentrations from 10–1000 μg/ml to be easily measured by this method. The mean normal fibronectin concentration of 132 dogs, by this method, was determined to be 320 ± 74 μ g/ml.
Antithrombin III (ATIII) Activity in Plasmas from Normal and Diseased Horses, and in Normal Canine, Bovine and Human Plasmas
Authors: Johnstone I.B. , Petersen D. , Crane S. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryPlasma Antithrombin III (ATIII) activity was quantitated in 24 clinically normal Standardbred/Thoroughbred horses using a clotting time technique. ATIII activity ranged from 80 to 106% of the pooled reference standard plasma, with a mean of 94%. Horses presenting with impaction or spasmotic colic (n = 17) had normal plasma ATIII activity, while 15 horses presenting with acute diarrhea/colitis had significantly lower plasma ATIII activity with a mean of only 74% of the reference plasma. Seven horses presenting with liver disease had significantly higher plasma ATIII activity with a range of 127 to 177% of the pooled reference plasma.Fifty‐seven equine plasmas were retested using a rapid chromogenic substrate technique for quantitating plasma ATIII activity. A good correlation (r = +0.83) existed between clotting time and chromogenic determinations of ATIII.Pooled normal canine, human and bovine plasmas had only 65, 62 and 79%, respectively, of the ATIII activity of the equine reference plasma.
Evaluation of Hepatic and Renal Function in Cats with Chediak‐Higashi Syndrome
Authors: Wardrop K. Jane , Dhein Cheryl R. , Prieur David J. , Meyers Kenneth M. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryCats with the Chediak‐Higashi Syndrome (CHS) have partial oculocutaneous albinism, a bleeding tendency, and enlarged cytoplasmic granules in many cell types including those in the liver and kidney. Hepatic and renal function was evaluated in six CHS and six age‐matched control cats to determine if the functions of these organs were compromised by the CHS trait. Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin were determined to assess the status of the liver. Sulfobromophthalein retention tests were also performed. Renal function was evaluated by determination of14C‐inulin clearance; blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations; 24‐hour protein/creatinine ratios; percent clearance ratios of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chloride; and urinalysis values. The CHS cats were not significantly (P>0.05) different from the control cats in any of the above tests. Use of a non‐parametric statistical test did reveal a mild difference (P = 0.047) in 24‐hour protein excretion between CHS and control cats. Complete blood counts were performed, and the packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentrations were significantly lower (P> 0.05) in the CHS cats than in the control cats.
Routine Hematology and Clinical Chemistry in Female Dogs with Benign and Malignant Mammary Tumors
Authors: Fayolled P. , Broulet V. , Braun J.P. , Rico A.G. , Magnol J.P. , Thouvenot J.P. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryRoutine hematological and serum biochemical screening was done in 61 female dogs with benign mammary tumors and 51 female dogs with malignant mammary tumors. Most parameters were not significantly different from age‐matched female controls; moreover, no significant difference could be observed between animals with benign and malignant tumors. It is concluded that routine hematology and biochemistry offer little diagnostic or prognostic benefit in female dogs with mammary tumors.
Direct Measurement of Progesterone in Plasma and Milk by a Simple Solid‐Phase Radioimmunoassay
Authors: Epelu‐Opiod Justin , Madejd Andrzej 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA rapid method for determination of progesterone in bovine, goat and porcine plasma as well as in bovine milk was evaluated. The method employed was a solid‐phase 125***/ radioimmunoassay equipped with progesterone standards in human serum and called the Coat‐A‐Count procedure. The dilution curves of bovine plasma samples with high progesterone content were parallel with the standard curve based on human serum. The relation between measurements of progesterone levels in bovine plasma using the reference extraction method and the direct Coat‐A‐Count procedure was highly significant, resulting in the linear regression equation Y = 1.06x ‐ 0.04. In case of goat and porcine plasma, the direct method yielded higher results than the reference extraction method (Y = 1.37x + 1.38 and Y = 1.69x ‐ 6.47, respectively). Progesterone concentration in bovine whole milk was much higher when measured by the Coat‐A‐Count procedure than by the reference Farmos kit (Y = 1.59x + 1.51). However, when the same samples were assayed by a modified Coat‐A‐Count procedure, i.e. progesterone standards from Farmos kit, the values were more or less identical (Y = 0.88x – 0.21).
Effect of Age on Serum Chemistry Profile, Electrophoresis and Thyroid Hormones in Beagle Dogs Two Weeks to One Year of Age
Authors: Wolfordd S.T. , Schroer R.A. , Gohs F.X. , Gallo P.P. , Falk H.B. , Dente A.R. 
Published: February 2009

Summaryhemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to determine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included.Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values.More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.
Automated Blood Cell Counting Systems: A Comparison of the Coulter S‐Plus IV, Ortho ELT‐8/DS, Ortho ELT‐8/WS, Technicon H‐1, and Sysmex E‐5,000
Authors: Tvedtend Harold W. , Wilkins Robert J. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryFour automated blood cell counting systems were evaluated at the Michigan State University Veterinary Clinical Center (VCC) for their suitability for analyzing various animals' blood in a university teaching hospital laboratory. The instruments were compared to a Coulter Model S‐Senior (Coulter Electronics) which had been used for 8 years, and was to be replaced. The instruments were a Coulter Model S‐Plus IV, an Ortho ELT‐8/ds (Ortho Diagnostics Systems), a Technicon H‐1 (Technicon Instruments), and a Sysmex E‐5,000 (Toa Medical Electronics). Additionally, an Ortho ELT‐8/ws at a private laboratory (Cenvet) was compared to the Coulter S—Senior at the VCC.Based on these evaluations, only the Sysmex E‐5,000 was considered unacceptable for the VCC laboratory. Certain advantages and disadvantages of the instruments are described in this article. The comparisons a‐mong instruments were not as consistent or repetitive as expected for a controlled experiment but did provide information likely useful to others considering using or purchasing an automated blood cell counting system for a veterinary laboratory.
Comparison of Various Staining Procedures in the Identification of Hepatozoon canis Gamonts
Authors: Mercer Susan H. , Craig Thomas M. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe staining characteristics of gamonts of Hepatozoon canis in peripheral blood smears were evaluated. Three stains, Diff‐Quik stain, Giemsa stain and a modification of the naphthol‐ASD‐chloroacetate esterase stain, were compared. The staining characteristics of the infected cell and the parasite were different in each stain used. The modified naphthol‐ASD‐chloroacetate esterase stain showed the most difference between the infected and noninfected cells, as well as a difference in staining characteristics of the parasite nucleus from those of the host nucleus. Although the parasite was identified with all stains, a definitive diagnosis was more easily obtained with the naphthol‐ASD‐chloroacetate esterase stain.
A Technique for Automated Quantification of Canine Glucocorticoid‐Induced Isoenzyme of Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: Hoffmann Walter E. , Sanecki Robin K. , Dorner Joseph L. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA sensitive assay for the corticosteroid‐induced alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme (CAP), adaptable to most clinical chemistry autoanalyzers, is described and validated. This assay is based on the greater than 98% inhibition of liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme (LAP) activity with 4.2 mM levamisole, as compared to the 42% inhibition of CAP activity. Analysis of serum with total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity within the reference range, resulted in a reference range of 0 to 19 U/L for CAP activity. Analysis of serum from 160 clinical patients with AP activity above the reference range, revealed 73% with increased CAP activity ranging from 20 to 7,000 U/L. The diagnostic significance of this increased CAP activity is discussed.
Studies on the Pathogenesis of the Erythrocyte Destruction Associated with the Anemia of Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , McClay Carolyn B. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryDensity‐separated feline RBC were analyzed for surface immunoglobulin and in vitro susceptibility to macrophage phagocytosis before and after introduction of a sterile abscess. Prior to abscess induction, least dense cells did not have detectable surface immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a direct antiglobulin reaction was negative. Two of four intermediate and three of four most dense cell fractions had detectable surface IgG as indicated by a positive direct antiglobulin reaction. On Days 3 and 5 after induction of sterile abscesses all three RBC fractions were positive and the size of the RBC clumps tended to increase. In vitro macrophage phagocytosis of all three RBC fractions increased significantly after abscess induction. The phagocytosis could be partially blocked by preincubation of macrophages with feline IgG.
The Intravenous Bile Acid Loading Test in the Goat: Determination of a Procedural Protocol and Reference Values
Authors: Hagemoser Wayne A. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYAn intravenous bile acid loading test was performed on 16 goats using various dosages and sampling protocols. A recently developed enzymatic bile acid assay provided an economical and technologically simple method for bile acid analysis. Intravenous injection of bile salts into goats was well tolerated. Clearance times were rapid.A protocol for performance of the test was suggested and a practical reference range for T 1/2 clearance of 4 ± 1 minute was determined.Further investigations of this test in the assessment of liver function in the ruminant appear warranted.
Isolation of Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells from the Blood of Dogs, Cats, Horses and Cattle
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , Kraemer Ruth , Schmit Kathleen 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA simple discontinuous Percoll density‐gradient technique was adapted for isolation of granulocytes and mononuclear cells from cats, dogs, horses and cattle. Separation was accomplished at low speeds using a standard tabletop centrifuge. Cell purity was 100% for both granulocytes and mononuclear cells and cell viability exceeded 95%. Percent recovery of leukocytes ranged from 69 to 83%.
Effect of Desmopresssin in Normal Dogs and Dogs with von Willebrand's Disease
Authors: Giger Urs , Dodds W. Jean 
Published: February 2009

SummaryDesmopressin acetate (DDAVPR), a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, was slowly administered intravenously to 12 healthy dogs of various breeds and 10 Doberman Pinschers with mild‐to‐moderate type I von Willebrand's disease at a dose of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 μg/kg body weight. Plasma von Willebrand factor: antigen was measured by an electroimmunoassay prior to and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after desmopressin infusion. Desmopressin induced only very modest and statistically insignificant increases in von Willebrand factor in both groups. We conclude that the response to desmopressin as measured by circulating von Willebrand factor is much less pronounced in healthy dogs and in Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand's disease than in humans.
Idiopathic Dyserythropoiesis in a Dog
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , Reidarson Thomas H. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryIdiopathic dyserythropoiesis in a dog was characterized by chronic nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, cellular marrow and abnormal morphology of erythroid precursors. Serum concentrations of Vitamin B12, folate and iron were inconsistent with secondary causes of dyserythropoiesis. The disorder appeared to be distinct from myelodysplastic syndromes described previously.
Hemolysis as a Factor in Clinical Chemistry and Hematology of the Dog
Authors: O'Neill Sharron L. , Feldman Bernard F. 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYSerum biochemical, hemostatic, and hematologic analytes were determined by four laboratories on dogserum or plasmas containing increasing amounts of hemolysate. From the results of testing interferographs were prepared to aid in decision making and to enhance visualization of the effects of hemolysis on the determination of the analytes. Hemolysis consistently interfered with the analysis of creatinine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, lipase, and albumin, all of which appeared to increase with increasing hemolysis. The results of testing for the remainder of the biochemical, hemostatic, and hematologic analytes varied greatly among analyzers or methods, rarely in a predictable manner, indicating that each laboratory should evaluate the effects of hemolysis on each analyzer and for each method used, in order to make informed decisions on the use of hemolyzed, but irreplaceable, samples.
Cytologic Features of a Meningioma in a Dog
Authors: Altman David , Bolon Brad , Meyer D.J. , Homer Bruce 
Published: February 2009

SummaryMeningiomas are one of the most common nervous system tumors in dogs. They are mostly solitary, benign, intracranial tumors of the transitional type. Tentative diagnosis can usually be made on historical data, clinical and neurological signs, and radiographs, with an antemortem diagnosis confirmed by exploratory surgery and histologic evaluation of biopsy. The literature contains many reports of the gross, histological and ultrastructural morphology of canine meningiomas, but little on the cytologic features of these tumors. This report describes the cytologic appearance of an intracranial meningioma in a 9‐year‐old Miniature Schnauzer.
Evaluation of a Rapid Reagent Strip Test for Blood Glucose Determination in Diarrheic Calves
Authors: Sweeney Raymond W. , Divers Thomas J. , Zamos David T. , Spencer Pamela A. 
Published: February 2009

SummarySixty‐three blood samples from 10 diarrheic calves were tested for glucose concentration by two methods. Plasma glucose concentration was measured by the conventional glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase method in the clinical laboratory, and the results compared to those obtained using a rapid reagent strip test for blood glucose concentration measurement.The rapid reagent strip test result could not be used to make an accurate prediction of the actual plasma glucose concentration as determined by the conventional method, due to the wide variability in actual plasma glucose concentrations corresponding to each rapid test result.