bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Genetic Alphabet Expansion: Synthesis of 7‐(2‐Thienyl)‐Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (Ds) and 4‐(4‐Pentyne‐1,2‐diol)‐1‐Propynyl‐2‐Nitropyrrole (Diol‐Px) for Use in Replicable Unnatural Base Pairs for PCR Applications
Authors: Tan Hui Pen , Kimoto Michiko , Hirao Ichiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExpanding the genetic alphabet enhances DNA recombinant technologies by introducing unnatural base pairs (UBPs) beyond the standard A–T and G–C pairs, leading to biomaterials with novel and increased functionalities. Recent developments include UBPs that effectively function as a third base pair in replication, transcription, and/or translation processes. One such UBP, Ds–Px, demonstrates extremely high specificity in replication. Chemically synthesized DNA fragments containing Ds bases are amplified by PCR with the 5′‐triphosphates of Ds and Px deoxyribonucleosides (dDsTP and dPxTP). The Ds–Px pair system has applications in enhanced DNA data storage, generation of high‐affinity DNA aptamers, and incorporation of functional elements into RNA through transcription. This protocol describes the synthesis of the amidite derivative of Ds (dDs amidite), the triphosphate dDsTP, and the diol‐modified dPxTP (Diol‐dPxTP) for PCR amplifications involving the Ds–Px pair. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of Ds deoxyribonucleoside (dDs)Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of dDs amiditeBasic Protocol 3: Synthesis of dDs triphosphate (dDsTP)Basic Protocol 4: Synthesis of Pn deoxyribonucleoside (4‐iodo‐dPn)Basic Protocol 5: Synthesis of acetyl‐protected diol‐modified Px deoxyribonucleoside (Diol‐dPx)Basic Protocol 6: Synthesis of Diol‐dPx triphosphate (Diol‐dPxTP)Basic Protocol 7: Purification of triphosphatesSupport Protocol 1: Synthesis of Hoffer's chlorosugarSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of 0.5 M pyrophosphate in DMFSupport Protocol 3: Preparation of 2 M TEAB buffer
Identification of distinct immune signatures in inclusion body myositis by peripheral blood immunophenotyping using machine learning models
Authors: McLeish Emily , Sooda Anuradha , Slater Nataliya , Beer Kelly , Cooper Ian , Mastaglia Frank L , Needham Merrilee , Coudert Jerome D 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveInclusion body myositis (IBM) is a progressive late‐onset muscle disease characterised by preferential weakness of quadriceps femoris and finger flexors, with elusive causes involving immune, degenerative, genetic and age‐related factors. Overlapping with normal muscle ageing makes diagnosis and prognosis problematic.MethodsWe characterised peripheral blood leucocytes in 81 IBM patients and 45 healthy controls using flow cytometry. Using a random forest classifier, we identified immune changes in IBM compared to HC. K‐means clustering and the random forest one‐versus‐rest model classified patients into three immunophenotypic clusters. Functional outcome measures including mTUG, 2MWT, IBM‐FRS, EAT‐10, knee extension and grip strength were assessed across clusters.ResultsThe random forest model achieved a 94% AUC ROC with 82.76% specificity and 100% sensitivity. Significant differences were found in IBM patients, including increased CD8+ T‐bet+ cells, CD4+ T cells skewed towards a Th1 phenotype and altered γδ T cell repertoire with a reduced proportion of Vγ9+Vδ2+ cells. IBM patients formed three clusters: (i) activated and inflammatory CD8+ and CD4+ T‐cell profile and the highest proportion of anti‐cN1A‐positive patients in cluster 1; (ii) limited inflammation in cluster 2; (iii) highly differentiated, pro‐inflammatory T‐cell profile in cluster 3. Additionally, no significant differences in patients' age and gender were detected between immunophenotype clusters; however, worsening trends were detected with several functional outcomes.ConclusionThese findings unveil distinct immune profiles in IBM, shedding light on underlying pathological mechanisms for potential immunoregulatory therapeutic development.
A systematic literature review of vehicular connectivity and V2X communications: Technical aspects and new challenges
Authors: Souri Alireza , Zarei Mani , Hemmati Atefeh , Gao Mingliang 
Published: April 2024

SummaryVehicular connectivity is a significant key contribution in vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs). The inherent high dynamicity of vehicles is a serious challenge that affects automotive connectivity and disrupts inter‐vehicle communications stability. Vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) communication enables vehicles to connect to any other networks and facilitates the evolutionary trend of automotive innovations toward autonomous internet‐enabled intelligent vehicles. In this article, we provide a systematic literature review (SLR) for vehicular connectivity and V2X communications by investigating 58 research articles from 2018 to 2023 in VANETs. We propose six fundamental research questions (RQs) and a taxonomy to systematize the study of the baseline articles and answer the crucial RQs. This SLR can be helpful for researchers as a complete study focusing on V2X analysis, making it possible to achieve Technical Aspects and New challenges.
Multiple marginalization, discrimination, and disordered eating among youth aged 10–11
Authors: Boswell Rebecca G. , Launius Kellsey N. , Lydecker Janet A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveAlthough rates of weight discrimination are on‐par with racial, ethnic, and gender discrimination, comparatively less work has examined impacts of weight‐based discrimination in youth, including on disordered eating. Knowing whether experiences of weight‐based discrimination, including in youth with multiply‐marginalized identities, are associated with disordered eating could identify vulnerable youth and inform intervention efforts.MethodYouth (N = 11,875) ages 10–11 were recruited through the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Logistic regressions using cross‐sectional data examined discrimination experiences (weight, perceived sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, national origin) and disordered eating (binge‐eating, vomiting, weight‐gain fear, weight self‐worth). Models included race/ethnicity, age, sex, parental income, and degree of elevated weight. Raked poststratification weights were used.ResultsRates of weight‐based discrimination (6.2%) were similar to rates of race/ethnicity (4.4%) and sexual orientation discrimination (4.5%). Weight‐based discrimination was associated with more disordered eating. Youth reporting multiple experiences of discrimination had significantly increased disordered eating compared to youth who did not report discrimination.DiscussionWeight‐based discrimination is common in youth and associated with disordered eating. Youth with elevated weight are more likely to be multiply marginalized and experience disordered eating. These findings suggest discrimination, including weight‐based discrimination, is a critical intervention target to prevent and treat eating disorders.Public SignificanceExperiences of discrimination contribute to poorer health; however, weight‐based discrimination is relatively understudied. Data from a large sample of youth ages 10–11 showed that youth with elevated weight reported experiencing multiple types of discrimination, and multiply‐marginalized youth had increased odds of disordered eating with each additional type of discrimination. Together, this suggests that weight‐based discrimination is a critical target to prevent and treat eating disorders, especially in multiply‐marginalized youth.
Opening a can of worms: Archived canned fish fillets reveal 40 years of change in parasite burden for four Alaskan salmon species
Authors: Mastick Natalie , Welicky Rachel , Katla Aspen , Odegaard Bruce , Ng Virginia , Wood Chelsea L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow has parasitism changed for Alaskan salmon over the past several decades? Parasitological assessments of salmon are inconsistent across time, and though parasite data are sometimes noted when processing fillets for the market, those data are not retained for more than a few years. The landscape of parasite risk is changing for salmon, and long‐term data are needed to quantify this change. Parasitic nematodes of the family Anisakidae (anisakids) use salmonid fishes as intermediate or paratenic hosts in life cycles that terminate in marine mammal definitive hosts. Alaskan marine mammals have been protected since the 1970s, and as populations recover, the density of definitive hosts in this region has increased. To assess whether the anisakid burden has changed in salmonids over time, we used a novel data source: salmon that were caught, canned, and thermally processed for human consumption in Alaska, USA. We examined canned fillets of chum (Oncorhynchus keta, n = 42), coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch, n = 22), pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, n = 62), and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, n = 52) processed between 1979 and 2019. We dissected each fillet and quantified the number of worms per gram of salmon tissue. Anisakid burden increased over time in chum and pink salmon, but there was no change in sockeye or coho salmon. This difference may be due to differences in the prey preferences of each species, or to differences in the parasite species detected across hosts. Canned fish serve as a window into the past, providing information that would otherwise be lost, including information on changes over time in the parasite burden of commercially, culturally, and ecologically important fish species.
Toward a notation for modeling value driver trees: Classification development and research agenda
Authors: Matthies Benjamin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractValue driver trees (VDTs) are abstract, indicator‐based representations of a business model. Although they are conceptual models by nature, no systematic and unified approaches to their modeling exist to date. In fact, a heterogeneous understanding of their conception and methodological implementation has been established. The goal of this study is to provide more clarity in this regard by examining the semantics (the question of “what?”) and syntax (the question of “how?”) with respect to VDT modeling. For this purpose, a structured literature review was conducted in which a collection of 161 VDTs was evaluated. Based on an extended taxonomy design process, the typical model constructs of VDTs were extracted. As a result, a so‐called VDT Model Classification was derived, which structures 34 model constructs into three dimensions with eight categories. This classification establishes a clearer understanding of the model constructs and their representation, thereby providing a conceptual framework for a unified and more substantiated “vocabulary” for VDT modeling. Finally, a research agenda has been formulated that generally addresses the role and future application potential of VDTs and, in particular, describes the next steps toward a sound notation for modeling VDTs.
Perceptions regarding the use of a three‐dimensionally‐printed manufactured educational simulator for periodontal treatment of intraosseous and interradicular lesions
Authors: Jannot Marie , Attal Jean‐Pierre , Marteleur Vincent Le , Le‐Goff Stephane , Colombier Marie‐Laure , Gouze Helene , Dursun Elisabeth , Brun Adrian , François Philippe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurpose/objectivesTreating intraosseous lesions (IOLs) and interradicular bone lesions (IRLs) is an extremely technical dental procedure in periodontics. Instrumentation of these lesions is often perceived as difficult by students and inexperienced dentists before they perform a certain number of procedures on patients in the clinic. The aim of this article is to evaluate a cost‐effective three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed educational simulator for the periodontal treatment of IOLs/IRLs (including scaling, incisions and sutures).MethodsThe simulators were first developed digitally, and then manufactured using printable resins and specific materials; finally, they were assembled using different bonding systems. To evaluate the simulators, assessments were gathered from two target populations: undergraduate students and periodontics experts. These individuals tested the simulator and completed a cross‐sectional questionnaire based on a Likert scale with comparative and pedagogical items scored from one to five. The purpose of the questionnaire was to compare our simulator to clinical reality (i.e., operation on human jaws) and to an animal simulator (i.e., simulation of porcine jaws). The results are expressed as the mean and standard deviation and were statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsOverall, the results were satisfactory for both groups of testers (4.70 and 4.61 out of five for students and experts, respectively, for global satisfaction).ConclusionsThe overall educational relevance of the simulator designed herein highlights the fact that 3D‐printed educational simulators could enable efficient cognitive‐functional learning for clinical IOL/IRL treatment.
Synthetic methodology of pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline derivatives
Authors: Tawfeek Hendawy N. , Hasanin Tamer H. A. , Bräse Stefan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis review discusses the synthetic pathways of an important class of quinolines known as pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline. Due to their profound range as biologically active compounds, they attracted the attention of medical/organic researchers. The construction of pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolines involved the intermolecular cyclization of diamino chloropyrimidine carbaldehyde and intramolecular cyclization of 2‐amino‐3‐cyanotetra/hexahydroquinoline, 2‐aminoquinoline‐3‐carbonitriles, ester or amide. That class of organic compounds was constructed from the reaction between 2‐chloro‐3‐formylquinoline with amidine, urea, and thiourea. Also, barbituric acid and uracil and their analogous play an important role in synthesizing pyrimidoquinolines via multicomponent reaction strategies (MCR).
Effect of tremella polysaccharides on the quality of collagen jelly: insight into the improvement of the gel properties and the antioxidant activity of yak skin gelatin
Authors: Zhang Yueyue , Han Guangxing , Wang Xinyue , Wang Yanru , Wang Min , Li Ying , Yu Qunli , Han Ling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of tremella polysaccharides on the gel properties and antioxidant activity of yak skin gelatin with a view to improving the quality of collagen jellies. The preparation of composite gels were performed by yak skin gelatin (66.7 mg mL−1) and tremella polysaccharides with different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 mg mL−1), and finally the collagen jelly was prepared by composite gel (yak skin gelatin: 66.7 mg mL−1; tremella polysaccharides:6 mg mL−1) with the best performance.RESULTSTremella polysaccharides not only improved the hardness, springiness, gel strength, water holding capacity and melting temperature of yak skin gelatin, but also enhanced the composite gel's scavenging activity against ABTS radicals, DPPH radicals, O2 and OH radicals. The filling of tremella polysaccharides into the gelatin network increased the number of crosslinking sites inside the gel, which resulted in the gel network structure becoming dense and orderly. The gel particles became finer and more uniform, and the thermal stability was improved. Furthermore, the sensory score of commercially available gelatin jelly decreased more rapidly during storage compared to the composite gel jelly.CONCLUSIONThe gel properties and antioxidant activity of yak skin gelatin were improved by adding tremella polysaccharides, and then the quality and storage properties of the jelly were improved, which also provided technical reference for the development of functional gel food. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The fruit quality and nutrient content of kiwifruit produced by organic versus chemical fertilizers
Authors: Raiesi Tahereh , Shiri Mohammad Ali , Mousavi Seyed Majid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrently, organic farming has become a feasible approach for the production of high‐quality fruits. To evaluate the response of fruit quality and mineral nutrition contents of Hayward Kiwifruit affected by different organic and inorganic fertilizers, the present study was conducted in Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Iran, in 2017–2021, as a randomized block design with three replications. The studied treatments were organic fertilizers (cow, vermicompost and Azolla) and chemical fertilizers. After 4 years of fertilization, the fruit's nutritional elements content and some fruit bioactive compounds were evaluated after 3 months of cold storage and then analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA) method.RESULTSThe use of organic amendments boosted the calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron content of the kiwifruits compared to chemical fertilizers. The highest fruit potassium and phosphorus content were recorded in the cow manure treatment. The lowest amount of nitrate and the highest calcium, zinc, copper and manganese accumulation were recorded in the fruits treated with vermicompost. In addition to mineral nutrients, the dry matter, total soluble solids, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit were improved by the application of vermicompost amendment compared to the other fertilizer sources. However, the highest fruit vitamin C and total soluble carbohydrates were measured in the cow manure treatment. The PCA results of the fruit quality indices indicated that fertilization treatments were ranked as vermicompost (1.88) > cow manure (1.63) = chemical (1.60) > Azolla (1.54).CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that the application of 40 kg of vermicompost or 40 kg of cow manure in the next rank in Hayward kiwifruit orchards in March (growth stage beginning of bud swelling) may be a more suitable approach for improving the nutritional quality of the fruit. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 aggravates tumor progression and glycolysis by dephosphorylating PKM2 in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Peiyun , Han Yueting , Pan Wen , Du Jian , Zuo Duo , Ba Yi , Zhang Haiyang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is among the most lethal human malignancies, yet it remains hampered by challenges in fronter of molecular‐guided targeted therapy to direct clinical treatment strategies. The protein tyrosine phosphatase Src homology 2 domain‐containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is involved in the malignant progression of GC. However, the detailed mechanisms of the posttranslational modifications of SHP2 remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that an allosteric SHP2 inhibitor, SHP099, was able to block tumor proliferation and migration of GC by dephosphorylating the pyruvate kinase M2 type (PKM2) protein. Mechanistically, we found that PKM2 is a bona fide target of SHP2. The dephosphorylation and activation of PKM2 by SHP2 are necessary to exacerbate tumor progression and GC glycolysis. Moreover, we demonstrated a strong correlation between the phosphorylation level of PKM2 and adenosine 5‘‐monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in GC cells. Notably, the low phosphorylation expression of AMPK was negatively correlated with activated SHP2. Besides, we proved that cisplatin could activate SHP2 and SHP099 increased sensitivity to cisplatin in GC. Taken together, our results provide evidence that the SHP2/PKM2/AMPK axis exerts a key role in GC progression and glycolysis and could be a viable therapeutic approach for the therapy of GC.
Towards understanding the direct and indirect effects of borderline personality features on identity disturbance
Authors: Mohana  , Moon Chanki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch on borderline personality disorder (BPD) in clinical populations is extensive, and its impact on nonclinical populations is developing importance. The present study examined whether the presence of borderline personality features in nonclinical young adults is associated with identity disturbance, considering the potential mediating roles of anxiety and deliberate self‐harm (DSH). A total of 162 participants completed an online survey incorporating four measures: the Borderline Symptoms List‐23, Beck Anxiety Inventory, DSH Inventory, and the Self‐Concept and Identity Measure. A parallel indirect effects analysis indicated that the indirect effects of BPD features on identity disturbance via anxiety and DSH were not significant. However, BPD features remained a significant predictor of identity disturbance, even after controlling for the influence of anxiety and DSH factors (direct effect).
Naval Air Defense Planning problem: A novel formulation and heuristics
Authors: Arslan Caner , Karasakal Orhan , Kırca Ömer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on air defense in maritime environment, which involves protecting friendly naval assets from aerial threats. Specifically, we define and address the Naval Air Defense Planning (NADP) problem, which consists of maneuvering decisions of the ships and scheduling weapons and sensors to the threats in order to maximize the total expected survival probability of friendly units. The NADP problem is more realistic and applicable than previous studies, as it considers features such as sensor assignment requirements, weapon and sensor blind sectors, sequence‐dependent setup times, and ship's infrared/radar signature. In this study, a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model of the NADP problem is presented and heuristic solution approaches are developed. Computational results demonstrate that these heuristic approaches are both fast and efficient in solving the NADP problem.
Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye with g‐C3N4/ZnTiO3 nanocomposites synthesized via a facile approach
Authors: Manogaran Tamiliniyaa , Kanagaraj Jayashree , Albeshr Mohammed F. , Selvankumar Thangaswamy , Palaniappan Manikandan , Arumugam Selvi , Rangappan Rajavel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotocatalysts that exhibit exceptional performance could be further enhanced for wastewater treatment, particularly in the degradation of organic pollutants and reduction of inorganic heavy metal ions concentrations. This study employed sol–gel techniques was used to create a Type II scheme g‐C3N4/ZnTiO3 (CZT‐2, CZT‐4, and CZT‐6) photocatalyst. FT‐IR, UV‐DRS, XRD, SEM, BET, HR‐TEM, and XPS analysis were conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the g‐C3N4/ZnTiO3 photocatalyst's. An investigation was conducted to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized samples. The samples exhibit remarkable efficacy in the degradation of organic contaminants. Among them, CZT‐2 showcased superior photocatalytic performance in the solar light‐induced photodegradation of crystal violet. The photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4/ZnTiO3 has been significantly enhanced through the establishment of a Type‐II scheme at the interface. This innovative approach efficiently facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thereby boosting the photodegradation activity. The discussion also included the chemical process between photocatalysts and crystal violet. The mechanism of the crystal violet‐photocatalyst reaction was also discussed. After undergoing five cycles of reuse, the photocatalyst that was manufactured demonstrated remarkable stability, leading to a reduction in the cost associated with wastewater treatment. The as‐synthesized g‐C3N4/ZnTiO3 composites are very safe for the environment, which suggests that the CZT‐2 composite is very good at getting rid of pollutants.