bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deriving site-specific sediment quality guidelines for Hong Kong marine environments using field-based species sensitivity distributions
Authors: Kwok Kevin W. H , Bjorgesæter Anders , Leung Kenneth M. Y , Lui Gilbert CS , Gray John S , Shin Paul K. S , Lam Paul K. S 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Field data of benthic communities and contaminant loadings in marine sediments measured in parallel can be used to derive sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) using a field-based species sensitivity distribution (f-SSD) approach. Recently, SQGs have been successfully derived from f-SSDs for the Norwegian continental shelf with an extensive survey (&gt;1 million km2) and a large data set (1,902 sampling stations with 1,944 species). The present study examined the practicality of this approach in deriving SQGs for a much smaller geographical area, namely, the marine environment of Hong Kong (sea area: 1,651 km2), making use of databases of the government of Hong Kong special administrative region. As the construction of f-SSDs requires the use of a collection of responses from individual species to a chemical gradient in sediment, data screening criteria on the minimum abundance of the species were evaluated and optimized to ensure sufficient statistical power for estimating these responses. Sediment quality guidelines were derived for nine trace metals, total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and total polychlorinated biphenyls and compared with current SQGs in developed countries. The community-adjusted hazardous concentrations of 5% and 10% of the f-SSDs were adopted to represent the threshold effects level (TEL) and predicted effects level (PEL), respectively. The TELs derived from this f-SSD approach compares favorably with current SQGs, while the derived PELs were generally lower than the current SQGs, indicating that they are more protective. The f-SSDs can be directly utilized for probabilistic risk assessment, while the field-based SQGs can be used as site-specific guidelines or integrated into current SQGs. Our results suggest that the f-SSD approach can also be applicable to small areas such as Hong Kong.
Genotoxicity of total and fractionated extractable organic matter in fine air particulate matter from urban Guangzhou: Comparison between haze and nonhaze episodes
Authors: Xu Haijuan , Wang Xinming , Pöschl Ulrich , Feng Shaolong , Wu Dui , Yang Ling , Li Shuxian , Song Wei , Sheng GUOYING , Fu Jiamo 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
To investigate the genotoxic potencies of extractable organic matter (EOM) in aerosols, fine air particulate matter (PM2.5) was collected simultaneously at a roadside (1.2 m above ground) and at a rooftop location (50 m above ground) in urban Guangzhou (China) during a nonhaze period in September 2006 and a haze period in October 2006. Particle-bound organics were extracted and separated into aliphatic, aromatic, and polar fractions. The genotoxicity of total and fractionated extracts were tested by single-cell electrophoresis (comet assay) with human blood lymphocytes. The PM2.5 concentrations usually exceeded the U.S. National Ambient Air-Quality Standard level (65 μg/m3) at both the roadside and the rooftop. During nonhaze days, the roadside samples showed substantially higher PM2.5 levels (108–130 μg/m3) and significantly higher genotoxic effects of total and fractionated EOM (p &lt; 0.05 for &gt;10 m3 air equivalent/ml) than the rooftop samples. During haze days, however, PM2.5 levels and genotoxic potencies of rooftop samples were drastically elevated and comparable to those of roadside samples, implying that during haze episodes, most people in the urban area are exposed to PM2.5 pollution as serious as in the heavily polluted roadside microenvironment. All total EOM samples showed significant (p &lt; 0.05) dose–response effects, and their effects as olive tail moment were less than the sums of the three fractions. Aromatic fractions of EOM exhibited the greatest genotoxic potencies, but polar fractions also contributed substantially to DNA-damaging effects. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrated derivatives likely are the most important species responsible for the genotoxicity of EOM in PM2.5.
Distribution of polycyclic musks in surface sediments from the Pearl River Delta and Macao coastal region, South China
Authors: Zeng Xiangying , Mai Bixian , Sheng Guoying , Luo Xiaojun , Shao Wenlan , An Taicheng , Fu Jiamo 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Polycyclic musks were measured in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River Delta and Macao coastal region, South China, to investigate contamination from domestic sewage. Three polycyclic musk compounds—4-acetyl-1,1-dimethyl-6-tert-butylindan, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta(g)-2-benzopyran (HHCB), and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6–hexa-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN)—were detected in sediment samples. Two polycyclic musks, HHCB and AHTN, were dominant components in sediment, consistent with the use pattern of polycyclic musks by perfume industries in the Pearl River Delta region. The concentrations of total polycyclic musks ranged from 5.76 to 167 u,g/kg. Because of the large amount of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater discharged from the city of Guangzhou, the highest concentration of polycyclic musks was found in sediments from the Zhujiang River. The significant positive correlation between the HHCB to AHTN ratios and the concentrations of polycyclic musks suggested that the HHCB to AHTN ratio could be used as a tracer for source discrimination and for the degree of degradation in the environment.
Induction of hepatic cytochrome P4501A1/2B activity and disruption of thyroglobulin synthesis/secretion by mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl and its hydroxylated metabolites in rat cell lines
Authors: Yang Fangxing , Xu Ying , Pan Hongmei , Wu Desheng 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
As the active metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are found in wildlife and human tissues. They have been proposed as main contributors for endocrine disruption of PCBs in living organisms. In this study, mono-ortho PCB 156 and its hydroxylated metabolites 4′-OH-PCB 159, 4′-OH-PCB 121, and 4′-OH-PCB 72 were selected to investigate the toxic effects on rat hepatoma H4IIE cell line and rat thyroid follicle FRTL-5 cell line at concentrations of 1, 102, 104 nM. 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and 7-pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (PROD) activities were determined with micro-EROD/PROD to indicate cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and cytochrome P4502B (CYP2B) induction in the H4IIE cell after exposure for 72 h. To assess thyroid disruption of these compounds, thyroglobulin concentrations also were detected inside FRTL-5 cell with immunocellularchemistry and in its medium with radioimmunoassay after exposure for 24 h. Significant inductions of EROD activity by PCB156 at 102 and 104 nM (p &lt; 0.05) were observed, but no effects by the three OH-PCBs in H4IIE cell line. 7-Pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activities were induced only by 104 nM of PCB156 and the three OH-PCBs (p &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, significant increases of thyroglobulin concentrations were observed in the medium of FRTL-5 cell exposed to 4′-OH-PCB 121 and 4′-OH-PCB 72 at all of the test concentrations (p &lt; 0.05), but not to the other compounds. The results demonstrated that mono-ortho PCBs mainly could be metabolized to hydroxylated metabolites through CYP1A1 instead of CYP2B. Moreover, after being metabolized, OH-PCBs still sustained the ability to induce PROD activity and did exhibit the disruption on thyroglobulin synthesis/excretion in rat cells.
Modeling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition profiles of sources and receptors in the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Lang Chang , Tao Shu , Wang Xuejun , Zhang Gan , Fu Jiamo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChanges in concentration profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from emission sources to various environmental media in the Pearl River Delta, China were investigated using fugacity modeling under steady state assumption. Both assumed evenly and observed unevenly distributed PAH moles emission profiles were applied. Applicability of the fugacity model was validated against the observed media PAH concentrations and profiles. At equal emission rates, the differences of media concentrations among various PAHS were as high as three (air) to seven (soil and sediment) orders of magnitude. Dramatic changes of PAH profiles from emission sources to various bulk environmental media also were demonstrated by using the actual emission rates. In general, the fractions of higher molecular weight PAHs in air and water were much lower than those at the emission sources, although the PAH profiles in soil and sediment were characterized by a significant reduction of lower molecular weight PAHs. It is likely that the field-measured median concentration profiles cannot be adopted directly for source apportionment without rectification. The most influential parameters affecting PAH profiles in the study area were emission rates, degradation rates, adsorption coefficient, Henry's law constant, PAH concentrations in upstream surface water, fugacity ratio, vapor pressure, and diffusion coefficient in air.
Distribution of persistent toxic substances in benthic bivalves from the inshore areas of the Yellow Sea
Authors: Liu Wen X , Hu Jing , Chen Jiang L , Fan Yong S , Xing Baoshan , Tao Shu 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A baseline survey of trace metals and organic pollutants in bivalves from the coastal areas of the Yellow Sea (China) showed the the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the bivalves from more than 85 and 73%, respectively, of the total sites (30 sites in all) exceeded the low limits of the national quality standards for marine organisms. At three sites, the contents of Cd in three species were even higher than the median limit, and a similar case with Pb occurred at another site. The tissue concentrations of As at four sites and of Hg at one site were above the low and the median limits, respectively, of the quality standards. At 43% of all sites, the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons were higher than the low limit of the quality standards, and the tissue concentrations at two sites even went beyond the median limit at one site and the high limit at the other. The concentrations of phthalate esters and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the collected bivalves were not high, as shown by peak values of 305 and 302 ng/g, respectively. The contents of polychlorinated biphenyls for all the species were much lower than the low limit of the quality standards. The compositional properties and isomeric ratios of PAHs indicated various pyrolytic procedures as the dominant origins. The sites with higher tissue contents of DDT and its metabolites (DDTs) over the low or the median quality limit were located mainly in the South Yellow Sea. The fractions and specific ratios of DDTs suggested that new inputs of DDT existed at two sites in the North Yellow Sea, and the potential sources involved technical DDT, technical dicofol, and their mixture.
Separation and aquatic toxicity of enantiomers of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin
Authors: Xu Chao , Wang Jiajia , Liu Weiping , Sheng G. Daniel , Tu Yunjie , Ma Yun 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Chiral pollutants are receiving growing environmental concern due to differential biological activities of their enantio-mers. In the present study, enantiomeric separation of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using the columns of Chiralpak AD (amylase tris[3,5-dimethyl-phenylcarbamate]), Chiralpak AS (amylase tris[(S)-1-phenyl carbamate]), Chiralcel OD (cellulose tris[3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate]), and Chiralcel OJ (cellulose tris[4-methyl benzoate]) with different chiral stationary phases. The differential toxicities of the enantiomers in aquatic systems were evaluated using the acute zebrafish (Danio rerio) toxicity test and the zebrafish embryo test. The enantiomers of LCT were separated completely on all the columns tested and detected by circular dichroism at 236 nm. Better separations were achieved at lower temperatures (e.g., 20°C) and lower levels of polar modifiers (≤5%) in mobile phase. Ethanol was found to be a good modifier of the mobile phase for all the columns, although isopropanol acted better for the Chiralcel OD column. The (—)-enantiomer was &gt;162 times more toxic than its antipode to zebrafish in the acute test. The embryo test indicated that the exposure to LCT enantioselectively induced crooked body, yolk sac edema, and pericardial edema and that the (—)-enantiomer was 7.2 times stronger than the (+)-enantiomer in 96-h mortality. The malformations were induced by the racemate and its (—)-enantiomer at lower concentrations tested (e.g., 50 μg L−1), whereas the (+)-enantiomer induced malformations at relatively higher concentrations (≥100 μg L−1). These results suggest that the toxicological effects of chiral pesticides must be evaluated using their individual enantiomers.
Congener-specific distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish of China: Implication for input sources
Authors: Meng Xiang-Zhou , Yu Liping , Guo Ying , Mai Bi-Xian , Zeng Eddy Y 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A total of 390 individual fish, including seven species of freshwater-farmed fish, three species of seawater-farmed fish, and three species of wild marine fish, from China were analyzed to determine the concentrations and congener distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The levels of Σ10PBDEs (sum of BDEs 28, 47, 66, 100, 99, 85, 154, 153, 138, and 183) in seawater-farmed fish (median, 13.6 ng/g) were significantly higher than those in freshwater-farmed fish (median, 10.1 ng/g) and in wild marine fish (median, 4.5 ng/g) on a lipid-weight basis. Lipid contents positively correlated with Σ10PBDEs concentration (wet wt) in all fish species except for tilapia, bighead carp, bluntsnout bream, and common mullet; however, no significant relationship was found between fish length or weight and Σ10PBDEs concentration except for one fish species. In general, BDE 47 was the dominant congener, with a mean contribution of 53.2%. Brominated diphenyl ether 209 was only detected in 14 samples, reflecting its low bioavailability or high degree of debromination. In addition, the ratios of BDE 47 to BDE 99 and of BDE 100 to BDE 99 in freshwater-farmed fish were significantly higher than those in seawater-farmed and wild marine fish. Freshwater-farmed fish had a relatively higher proportion of BDE 28, whereas seawater-farmed and wild marine fish contained more abundant BDE 66, BDE 100, and BDE 99. The difference in congener distribution might be indicative of different exposure pathways for PBDEs in three types of fish.
Distribution of dissolved metals in seawater of Jinzhou Bay, China
Authors: Wan Li , Wang Nianbin , Li Qingbo , Sun Bing , Zhou Zunchun , Xue Ke , Ma Zhiqiang , Tian Jin , Song Lun 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Based on the datum line survey in August 2005 and June and August of 2006, water samples were collected in 30 sites to examine the trend of spatial distribution and temporal change of dissolved metals in seawater of Jinzhou Bay, China. The results showed that copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations ranged from 1.71 to 3.49, 0.38 to 1.19, 21.77 to 39.16, and 1.65 to 2.01 μg/L, respectively. Except for Zn, the dissolved metal concentrations in August 2006 were much higher than those in August 2005. The concentrations in June 2006 were also higher than those in August 2006. The highest concentrations of dissolved metal were determined in samples collected from southwest of the Bay near sewage outfalls of Huludao Zinc Plant and Bohai Shipyard and the mouths of Wuli and Cishan rivers. The concentrations of dissolved metals increased inshore as compared with offshore. The principal contaminated factors were Zn, Cd, and Pb in the Jinzhou Bay. Significant positive correlations existed between the concentrations of Cu and Cd (0.016), as well as Zn and Cd (0.000). The overall results revealed that the Bohai Sea was one of the most contaminated areas by dissolved metals compared to other coastal areas in China.
Release of adsorbed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under cosolvent treatment: Implications for availability and fate
Authors: Chen Wei , Cong Lili , Hu Hualing , Zhang Ping , Li Jing , Feng Zhenzhen , Kan Amy T , Tomson Mason B 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDuring laboratory and field studies, a fraction of contaminants in soils or sediments often is observed to be highly resistant to desorption. This desorption-resistant fraction may have significant effects on long-term fate and exposure of soil/sediment-bound contaminants in particular, causing much reduced availability and contaminant persistence. Previous work by many research groups has indicated that this nonideal desorption behavior could be better predicted with biphasic desorption models. The present study further investigated the release of naphthalene and phenanthrene from sediments during and after cosolvent treatment. Experimental results indicate that release of these two compounds under cosolvent conditions can be accurately predicted with a previously developed, biphasic desorption model when the solubility enhancement effect of cosolvent is accounted for using standard activity coefficient ratios. In addition, desorption of the residual contaminants after cosolvent treatment follows the original biphasic desorption model very well, suggesting that cosolvent treatment increases only the aqueous solubility and has little effect on the nature of the desorption-resistant fraction and that cosolvent desorption is a valuable analytical tool for quickly measuring the magnitude of the desorption-resistant fraction. The present findings might have important implications for the mechanisms controlling resistant desorption of hydrophobic organic compounds and for predicting the availability and long-term fate of contaminants in soils and sediments.
Taxonomy and genetic divergence of Paranoplocephala kalelai (Tenora, Haukisalmi et Henttonen, 1985) (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae) in the grey-sided vole Myodes rufocanus in northern Fennoscandia
Authors: Haukisalmi Voitto , Hardman Lotta , Niemimaa Jukka , Henttonen Heikki 
Published: December 2007

AbstractParanoplocephala kalelai (Tenora, Haukisalmi et Henttonen, 1985) is an anoplocephalid cestode that primarily parasitizes the grey-sided vole Myodes rufocanus (syn. Clethrionomys rufocanus) in northern Fennoscandia. In a preliminary molecular phylogenetic analysis, the cytochrome oxidase I (mtDNA) sequences of P. kalelai formed two divergent sublineages originating from two different localities in northern Finland and northern Norway. The present data confirm the existence of two strongly supported clades and show that their geographic distributions are overlapping in northernmost Finland. Relatively deep genetic divergence and coexistence of the two main clades at one of the localities suggest that the material may include two biological species. However, because the specimens representing the two mtDNA clades of P. kalelai are not morphometrically sufficiently differentiated and because the mtDNA clade of the specimens from the type locality is unknown, they are not assigned to different species. Comparison with the existing phylogeographic data of M. rufocanus suggests that the genetic structure of this host-specific cestode reflects the glacial and post-glacial history of its primary host. A redescription is presented for P. kalelai.
A new species of genus Hysterothylacium Ward et Magath, 1917 (Nematoda, Anisakidae) from Liparis tanakae (Scorpaeniformes, Liparidae) from the Yellow Sea, China
Authors: Li Liang , Xu Zhen , Zhang Luping 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA new anisakid nematode, Hysterothylacium liparis sp. nov., is described from the intestine and stomach of the fish, Liparis tanakae (Gilbert et Burke, 1912) (Scorpaeniformes, Liparidae), a fish endemic to the Yellow Sea, China. The new species can be distinguished from the congeners by the absence of lateral alae, the length of the intestinal caecum (1.94–3.35 mm, 58.84–82.47% of oesophageal length), the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae (20–29 precloacal subventral pairs, 1 adcloacal pair and 4 postcloacal pairs), the size of the spicules (1.94–3.74 mm, 4.85–7.30% of body length) and the morphology of the tail tip. This is the first species of adult ascaridoid nematodes to be reported from fishes of the family Liparidae in northern China.
A new species of Aplectana (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in Platymantis boulengeri (Anura, Ceratobatrachidae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bursey Charles , Goldberg Stephen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAplectana krausi sp. nov. (Ascaridida, Cosmocercidae) from the intestines of Platymantis boulengeri (Anura, Ceratobatrachidae) is described and illustrated. Aplectana krausi represents the 42nd species assigned to the genus, the 4th species reported from the Australo-Papuan region. It is easily separated from the three species previously reported from the region by the distribution pattern of male caudal papillae: A. macintoshii and A. novaezelandiae have irregular patterns; A. zweifeli and A. krausi have defined patterns. Aplectana zweifeli has 8–10 precloacal, no adcloacal, and 9 postcloacal pairs of papillae, there is a single median papillae just anterior to the cloaca; A. krausi has 5 precloacal, 1 adcloacal, and 5 postcloacal pairs of papillae, a median papillae is absent.
Furcocercous cercariae (Trematoda) from freshwater snails in Central Finland
Authors: Faltýnková Anna , Niewiadomska Katarzyna , Santos Maria , Valtonen E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA total of eight species of furcocercous cercariae of four families (Strigeidae, Diplostomidae, Schistosomatidae and Sanguinicolidae), were found in 2005 in Lake Konnevesi in Central Finland in four snail species (Valvata macrostoma, Lymnaea stagnalis, Bathyomphalus contortus and Planorbarius corneus). Australapatemon burti (Miller, 1923), Australapatemon sp., Cotylurus brevis Dubois et Rausch, 1950, Cercaria spinulosa Ginetsinskaya, 1959 and Sanguinicola sp. are new species records for Finland. Ichthyocotylurus variegatus (Creplin, 1825) and Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewski, 1895) were first recorded as cercariae in Finland. The most common cercariae were A. burti (prevalence 13.3%) and Diplostomum pseudospathaceum Niewiadomska, 1984 (10.0%). Our study represents the first host record of Valvata macrostoma for larval stages of Australapatemon sp. and Sanguinicola sp.