bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy potential of anaerobic digestion of wastes produced in Russia via biogas and microbial fuel cell technologies
Authors: Kalyuzhnyi Sergey 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The well-known use of the microbiological process of anaerobic digestion (AD) to generate biogas (mixture of methane and CO2) is now widely implemented for the production of renewable energy worldwide. In Russia, however, this is not the case despite huge amounts of organic wastes (OW) suitable for AD. This paper firstly inventories major flows of OW from various sectors of the national economy (agriculture, industry, households, etc.) and estimates their biogas potential. Special attention is paid to existing bottlenecks and barriers to implementation of biogas technology given the Russian socioeconomic conditions. The second part of the paper is devoted to a new emerging technology based on AD-microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The current status of research in this field in Russia is reviewed in comparison with worldwide developments. The possible niches for implementation of MFC technology in Russia (e.g., wastewater treatment) are pointed out, including its complements to conventional biogas processes.
Glossary of terms related to kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms of polymerization (IUPAC Recommendations 2008)
Authors: Penczek Stanisław , Moad Graeme 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
This document presents recommended definitions of basic terms related to polymerization processes. Recent developments relating to the kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms of polymerization have necessitated the introduction of new terms and some revision or augmentation of terms previously defined in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the "Gold Book") or the IUPAC "Glossary of Basic Terms in Polymer Science".
Protocols on safety, efficacy, standardization, and documentation of herbal medicine (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Mosihuzzaman M. , Choudhary M. Iqbal 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
This Technical Report compiles and analyzes the current scientific knowledge on herbal medicine and highlights the practical ways for ensuring the safety of herbal preparations and evaluating their claimed efficacy. Emphasis has been given to the methods for standardization of herbal medicine and the ways and means for moving forward to achieve the difficult goal of preparing herbal medicines of consistent quality and effects. Pragmatic approaches have been recommended to overcome the difficulties in (i) protecting intellectual property rights (IPR); (ii) producing safe, potent, standardized, and affordable herbal medicine; and (iii) documenting the knowledge base on herbal medicine in an easily accessible format.
Thyroid hormones in children with epilepsy during long-term administration of carbamazepine and valproate
Authors: Verrotti Alberto , Laus Melissa , Scardapane Alessandra , Franzoni Emilio , Chiarelli Francesco 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveThis study evaluates the effects of long-term carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate acid (VPA) therapy on thyroid function in epileptic children.DesignA prospective study performed in 32 newly diagnosed pediatric patients, subdivided into two groups: 18 patients treated with CBZ and 14 patients treated with VPA. Thirty-two sex- and age- matched subjects served as controls.MethodsSerum TSH, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibodies (TG-Ab) were evaluated at baseline and at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month in all patients and in the control group. A TRH stimulation test was performed in all epileptic patients at baseline and at the 3rd, 6th, and 12th month evaluations while in controls only baseline assessment was carried out.ResultsAt baseline evaluation, thyroid function was normal in all epileptic children. After 3 months, CBZ-treated patients showed serum T4 and fT4 levels significantly lower than baseline evaluation and control subjects. Serum T4 and fT4 concentrations were unaffected by VPA monotherapy. Serum T3 and fT3 were normal in both CBZ-treated and VPA-treated patients. TRH test was normal in all patients. At 6th and 12th month evaluations, the same alterations were present in CBZ-treated patients while thyroid function remained normal in VPA-treated patients. TRH test responses were normal in all epileptic patients. TPO-Ab and TG-Ab were always absent in all patients.ConclusionsOur data suggest that VPA monotherapy does not alter thyroid hormones. On the contrary, alterations of thyroid hormones occur in CBZ-treated children. However, the patients are euthyroid and thyroid hormone alterations are not associated with clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism.
Population Genetic Inference From Resequencing Data
Authors: Jiang Rong , Tavaré Simon , Marjoram Paul 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
This article is concerned with statistical modeling of shotgun resequencing data and the use of such data for population genetic inference. We model data produced by sequencing-by-synthesis technologies such as the Solexa, 454, and polymerase colony (polony) systems, whose use is becoming increasingly widespread. We show how such data can be used to estimate evolutionary parameters (mutation and recombination rates), despite the fact that the data do not necessarily provide complete or aligned sequence information. We also present two refinements of our methods: one that is more robust to sequencing errors and another that can be used when no reference genome is available.
Slc11a1Enhances the Autoimmune Diabetogenic T-Cell Response by Altering Processing and Presentation of Pancreatic Islet Antigens
Authors: Dai Yang D. , Marrero Idania G. , Gros Philippe , Zaghouani Habib , Wicker Linda S. , Sercarz Eli E. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—Efforts to map non–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes causing type 1 diabetes in NOD mice identified Slc11a1, formerly Nramp1, as the leading candidate gene in the Idd5.2 region. Slc11a1 is a membrane transporter of bivalent cations that is expressed in late endosomes and lysosomes of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Because DCs are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) known to be critically involved in the immunopathogenic events leading to type 1 diabetes, we hypothesized that Slc11a1 alters the processing or presentation of islet-derived antigens to T-cells.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—NOD mice having wild-type (WT) or mutant Slc11a1 molecules and 129 mice having WT or null Slc11a1 alleles were examined for parameters associated with antigen presentation.RESULTS—We found that Slc11a1 enhanced the presentation of a diabetes-related T-cell determinant of GAD65, and its function contributed to the activation of a pathogenic T-cell clone, BDC2.5. An enhanced generation of interferon (IFN)-γ–producing T-cells was also associated with functional Slc11a1. The alteration of immune responsiveness by Slc11a1 genotype did not correlate with altered MHC class II expression in DCs; however, functional Slc11a1 was associated with accelerated phagocytosis and phagosomal acidification in DCs.CONCLUSIONS—The association of variants encoding Slc11a1 with type 1 diabetes may reflect its function in processing and presentation of islet self-antigens in DCs. Thus, non-MHC genes could affect the MHC-restricted T-cell response through altered antigen processing and presentation.
Exendin-4 Improves Glycemic Control, Ameliorates Brain and Pancreatic Pathologies, and Extends Survival in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Martin Bronwen , Golden Erin , Carlson Olga D. , Pistell Paul , Zhou Jie , Kim Wook , Frank Brittany P. , Thomas Sam , Chadwick Wayne A. , Greig Nigel H. , Bates Gillian P. , Sathasivam Kirupa , Bernier Michel , Maudsley Stuart , Mattson Mark P. , Egan Josephine M. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to find an effective treatment for the genetic form of diabetes that is present in some Huntington's disease patients and in Huntington's disease mouse models. Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion within the huntingtin protein. Huntington's disease patients exhibit neuronal dysfunction/degeneration, chorea, and progressive weight loss. Additionally, they suffer from abnormalities in energy metabolism affecting both the brain and periphery. Similarly to Huntington's disease patients, mice expressing the mutated human huntingtin protein also exhibit neurodegenerative changes, motor dysfunction, perturbed energy metabolism, and elevated blood glucose levels.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Huntington's disease mice were treated with an FDA-approved antidiabetic glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4), to test whether euglycemia could be achieved, whether pancreatic dysfunction could be alleviated, and whether the mice showed any neurological benefit. Blood glucose and insulin levels and various appetite hormone concentrations were measured during the study. Additionally, motor performance and life span were quantified and mutant huntingtin (mhtt) aggregates were measured in both the pancreas and brain.
RESULTS—Ex-4 treatment ameliorated abnormalities in peripheral glucose regulation and suppressed cellular pathology in both brain and pancreas in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. The treatment also improved motor function and extended the survival time of the Huntington's disease mice. These clinical improvements were correlated with reduced accumulation of mhtt protein aggregates in both islet and brain cells.
CONCLUSIONS—Targeting both peripheral and neuronal deficits, Ex-4 is an attractive agent for therapeutic intervention in Huntington's disease patients suffering from diabetes.
All-Cause Mortality After Diabetes-Related Amputation in Barbados
Authors: Hambleton Ian R. , Jonnalagadda Ramesh , Davis Christopher R. , Fraser Henry S. , Chaturvedi Nish , Hennis Anselm J. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—To determine the mortality rate after diabetes-related lower-extremity amputation (LEA) in an African-descent Caribbean population.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a prospective case-control study. We recruited case subjects (with diabetes and LEA) and age-matched control subjects (with diabetes and no LEA) between 1999 and 2001. We followed these groups for 5 years to assess mortality risk and causes.
RESULTS—There were 205 amputations (123 minor and 82 major). The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 69 and 44% among case subjects and 97 and 82% among control subjects (case-control difference, P &lt; 0.001). The mortality rates (per 1,000 person-years) were 273.9 (95% CI 207.1–362.3) after a major amputation, 113.4 (85.2–150.9) after a minor amputation, and 36.4 (25.6–51.8) among control subjects. Sepsis and cardiac disease were the most common causes of death.
CONCLUSIONS—These mortality rates are the highest reported worldwide. Interventions to limit sepsis and complications from cardiac disease offer a huge potential for improving post-LEA survival in this vulnerable group.
Effects of Fenofibrate Treatment on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in 9,795 Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Various Components of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Scott Russell , O'Brien Richard , Fulcher Greg , Pardy Chris , d'Emden Michael , Tse Dana , Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Ehnholm Christian , Keech Anthony ,   on behalf of the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) Study Investigators
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—We explored whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and the effects of fenofibrate differed in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome and according to various features of metabolic syndrome defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) in subjects with type 2 diabetes in the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its features was calculated. Cox proportional models adjusted for age, sex, CVD status, and baseline A1C levels were used to determine the independent contributions of metabolic syndrome features to total CVD event rates and the effects of fenofibrate.RESULTS—More than 80% of FIELD participants met the ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome. Each ATP III feature of metabolic syndrome, apart from increased waist circumference, increased the absolute risk of CVD events over 5 years by at least 3%. Those with marked dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides ≥2.3 mmol/l and low HDL cholesterol) were at the highest risk of CVD (17.8% over 5 years). Fenofibrate significantly reduced CVD events in those with low HDL cholesterol or hypertension. The largest effect of fenofibrate to reduce CVD risk was observed in subjects with marked dyslipidemia in whom a 27% relative risk reduction (95% CI 9–42, P = 0.005; number needed to treat = 23) was observed. Subjects with no prior CVD had greater risk reductions than the entire group.CONCLUSIONS—Metabolic syndrome components identify higher CVD risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes, so the absolute benefits of fenofibrate are likely to be greater when metabolic syndrome features are present. The highest risk and greatest benefits of fenofibrate are seen among those with marked hypertriglyceridemia.
Note on morphology of two nematode species Ascaridia hermaphrodita and Ascaridia platyceri (Nematoda): scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Hodová I. , Baruš V. , Tukač V. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Morphological features of adult specimens of Ascaridia hermaphrodita and A. platyceri (Nematoda: Ascaridida), parasitizing parrots (Psittaciformes), were studied for the first time using scanning electron microscopy. The morphology of A. hermaphrodita, the type species of Ascaridia, coincides fully with the generic diagnosis. The shape of the labial inner structure (two spoon-like projections), cervical alae and spicule with cuticular wings were typical for this species. A. hermaphrodita has been found in the Czech Republic for the first time in a new host, Amazona pretrei, from Brazil. The morphology of Ascaridia platyceri does not correspond with the generic diagnosis in all aspects, as some variation was found, mainly in the presence of interlabia, small teeth in the inner ribbon of the lips and long lateral alae. These morphological characteristics in other species of Ascaridia are discussed. The generic diagnosis is to include the statement “interlabia very rarely present”.
New records of mononchid nematodes from forests in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Lišková M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Three mononchid nematode species new for the Slovak Republic were recorded in forest ecosystems. In regularly-flooded forests with Fraxineto-Salicetum vegetation, the species Mylonchulus andrassyi and Tigronchoides ginglymodontus were recorded; in soil with the Querceto-Carpinetum forest type, the species Miconchus hopperi was observed. Comments on the morphometrical characteristics and ecology of the recorded species are presented here.
Aphanocladium album by via sub-irrigation in the control of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici and Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in a plastic-house
Authors: Sasanelli N. , Ciccarese F. , Papajová I. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Two experiments were carried out to assess the efficacy of different chemicals (azoxystrobin, fosthiazate, metham-sodium) and of the chitinolytic fungus Aphanocladium album (isolate MX-95), that could be alternatives to methyl bromide, against the soil borne pathogen Pyrenochaeta lycopersici and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in a plastic house in southern Italy. In the first trial, the treatments were azoxystrobin (1.25 l a.i. /ha), fosthiazate (1.5 l a.i. /ha) and biological control agent Aphanocladium album isolate MX-95 (2.5 l/plot at 2×107 CFU/ml; plot surface 96 m2). In the second experiment, treatments were metham-sodium (1000 l c.p./ha) and A. album (5 l/plot at 1×107 CFU/ml). In both trials, chemicals and the fungus were applied by via sub-irrigation. Satisfactory control of the corky root and the root-knot nematode attack and a significant yield increase were obtained by application of azoxystrobin, fosthiazate and metham-sodium. A significant reduction of M. incognita soil population density occurred in plots treated with A. album. Also, high positive correlations were found between the symptoms caused on tomato roots by M. incognita and P. lycopersici.
Detection of Echinococcus granulosus coproantigens in dogs from Antakya Province, Turkey
Authors: Guzel M. , Yaman M. , Koltas I. , Demirkazik M. , Aktas H. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Seventy-nine owned dogs (47 males and 32 females) from Antakya province were examined for E. granulosus by coproantigen ELISA (CHEKIT®-ECHINOTEST) between April to July in 2006. The estimated prevalence of E. granulosus infection was 8.86 % (7/79). Mean age of the dogs with E. granulosus was 2.3 years ranging from one to five years. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the prevalence between male and female dogs. A significant difference was detected between unrestrained (or free roaming) and indoor or chained dogs (p < 0.05). Although the prevalence of the E. granulosus infection in owned dogs in Antakya province is low, the incidence was quite high in the unrestrained and undewormed dogs. Therefore a preventive control programme in the dogs should be initiated in this region.
Occurence of Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala) in the Marsh Frog (Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771), from Turkey
Authors: Düşen S. , Oǧuz M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Pomphorhynchus laevis (Müller, 1776) was recovered from Marsh frogs (Rana ridibunda), collected in three localities, Yesilirmak River (Amasya Province), Civril Isikli Lake and Bagbasi district (Denizli Province) from Turkey. This is the first report of Pomphorhynchus laevis from a frog in Turkey.
Growth and yield response of onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) genotypes to different levels of fertilizers
Authors: Islam MK , Alam MF , Islam AKMR 
Published: November 2008

The influence of four levels of fertilizers viz. 0:0:0, 60:65:80, 120:130:160 and 240:260:320 kg/ha (N:P:K) on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of six onion genotypes viz. Thaherpuri Brown, BARI Onion 1, Faridpuri Bhati, Suksagar, Nasirbala and Pusa Red exhibited distinct variation in respect of all the characters under investigation in the field condition. The fertilizers at 120:130:160 kg/ha produced the maximum bulb yield (14.9 t/ha). Genotype Pusa Red gave the maximum bulb yield (17.2 t/ha) and Faridpuri Bhati had the lowest yield (11.8 t/ha). Pusa Red along with 120:130:160 kg/ha produced maximum bulb yield (18.3 t/ha). Correlation studies revealed that bulb yield was positively related with different yield components, but it showed non-significant negative relation with bulb dry matter content (%). The regression analyses showed that the rate of change of bulb yield was dependent upon the rate of change of plant height, number of leaves and roots, and root length. Increase in number of roots per plant appears very important in increasing the yield. Â Key words: Allium cepa, Onion, Fertilizer, Genotypes, Correlation, Regression doi:10.3329/bjb.v36i1.1546 Â Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(1): 33-38, 2007 (June)
Comparison of agronomic characters of <i>Festulolium</i>, <i>Festuca pratensis</i> Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes under high elevation conditions in Turkey
Authors: Akgun Ilknur , Tosun Metin , Sengul Suleyman 
Published: November 2008

Prior {Lolium perenne Ã Festuca pratensis) and Elmet (Lolium multiflorum Ã Festuca pratensis) cultivars were compared with Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes for some agronomical characteristics (green and dry matter yields, crude protein, seed yield, crude ash content) under Erzurum ecological conditions. Analysis of variance and mean separation were performed using the SPSS 11.0 computer program. There was a significant difference among genotypes in every character tested except for green and dry matter yield and crude ash content. Hybrid genotypes had higher plant height, dry and green matter yield, seed yield per plant and crude protein yield except 1000-seed weight. Elmet performed better than Prior except for seed yield per plant. Â Key words: Festulolium, Lolium, Festuca, Yield, Crude protein, Crude ash doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1556 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 1-6, 2008 (June)
Influence of seed ageing on growth and yield of soybean
Authors: Saha Rina Rani , Sultana Wahida 
Published: November 2008

Effect of seed ageing on stand establishment, growth and yield of three soybean varieties was studied. Treatments consisted of three varieties viz. Shohag, Bangladesh soybean 4 and BARIsoybean-5 with four levels of seed ageing viz. 20, 12, 8 and 2 months aged seed. Seed germination and field emergence percentage decreased but electrical conductivity of seed leachate increased with increasing seed age in all the soybean varieties. Irrespective of varieties, plants grown from 20 months aged seed accumulated more dry matter per plant but crop growth rate (CGR) were lower than the other ageing treatments. The highest dry matter accumulation and CGR were found in BARIsoybean-5 and lowest in Bangladesh soybean 4. Irrespective of varieties, crop grown from 2 months aged seed produced significantly the highest seed yield (1981 kg/ha) which was at par with the yield obtained from 8 months aged seed; and the lowest (811 kg/ha) was grown from 20 months aged seed. Among the varieties, significantly the highest seed yield (1615 kg/ha) was obtained from BARIsoybean-5 which was identical with that of Bangladesh soybean 4. Results further revealed that Bangladesh soybean 4 can be grown up to 12 months aged seed without significant reduction in seed yield. Â Key words: Seed ageing, Stand establishment, Crop growth rate, Seed yield doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1559 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 21-26, 2008 (June)
Lichen flora in Chandra sal forest: Occurrence, distribution and abundance
Authors: Alam Nuhu , Gafur MA 
Published: November 2008

Occurrence of lichen flora in Chandra Sal Forest of Gazipur district, Bangladesh revealed 12 taxa under 2 genera of lichens. These are Anaptychia sp., Anthracothecium variolosum, Bacidia luteola, Chiodecton philippinum, Dimelaena sp., Graphis scripta, Lecanora rugosa, Leptogium sp., Parmelia conspersa, Pertusaria sp., Rhizocarpon sp. and Tylophoron moderatum.The taxa were identified from four different locations of Chandra Sal forest. Symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi revealed that a total of five algal genera namely, Anabaena sp., Gloeocapsa sp., Nostoc sp., Protococcus sp. and Trentepohlia sp. were found to form the thalli of lichens individually with ascomycetous fungi. Nostoc sp. and Protococcus sp. each was found separetely in four lichens. Â Key words: Lichen, Occurrence, Distribution, Abundance, Sal forest doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1565 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 61-65, 2008 (June)