bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transactivator of transcription–tagged cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein-1 peptides suppress the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Liyue , Levi Edi , Majumder Pralay , Yu Yingjie , Aboukameel Amro , Du Jianhua , Xu Hu , Mohammad Ramzi , Hatfield James S. , Wali Anil , Adsay Volkan , Majumdar Adhip P.N. , Rishi Arun K. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Deregulated signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor family of proteins is encountered in human malignancies including breast cancer. Cell cycle and apoptosis-regulatory protein-1 (CARP-1), a novel, perinuclear phosphoprotein, is a regulator of apoptosis signaling by epidermal growth factor receptors. CARP-1 expression is diminished in human breast cancers, and correlates inversely with human breast cancer grades which could be attributed to increased methylation. The expression of CARP-1, on the other hand, interferes with the ability of human breast cancer cells to invade through the matrigel-coated membranes, to form colonies in the soft agar, and to grow as s.c. tumors in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. To test whether CARP-1 is a suppressor of human breast cancer growth, we generated transactivator of transcription (TAT)–tagged CARP-1 peptides. Treatment of human breast cancer cells with affinity purified, TAT-CARP-1 1–198, 197–454, and 896–1150 peptides caused inhibition of human breast cancer cell proliferation and elevated apoptosis. In contrast, TAT-tagged enhanced green fluorescent protein or CARP-1 (1–198Y192/F) peptide failed to inhibit cell proliferation or induce apoptosis. Apoptosis by CARP-1 peptides, with the exception of CARP-1 (1–198Y192/F), involves the activation of p38 stress-activated protein kinase and caspase-9. Moreover, administration of TAT-CARP-1 (1–198), but not TAT-tagged enhanced green fluorescent protein or TAT-CARP-1 (1–198Y192/F), inhibits growth of human breast cancer cell–derived tumor xenografts in SCID mice. We conclude that CARP-1 is a suppressor of human breast cancer growth, and its expression is diminished in tumors, in part, by methylation-dependent silencing. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(5):1661–72]
Increased expression of cyclin B1 sensitizes prostate cancer cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapy
Authors: Gomez Lourdes A. , de las Pozas Alicia , Reiner Teresita , Burnstein Kerry , Perez-Stable Carlos 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemotherapeutic drugs ideally should take advantage of the differences between transformed and normal cells and induce apoptosis only in cancer cells. One such difference may be the overexpression of cyclin B1 protein in cancer cells, which is required for the proper progression through mitosis. Previously, we showed that treatment of human prostate cancer cells with 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) or docetaxel results in an accumulation of cyclin B1 protein and an increase in cyclin B1 kinase activity, followed by induction of apoptotic cell death. Inhibition of cyclin B1 kinase lowers apoptosis induced by 2-ME and docetaxel. In this study, we established a positive correlation between cyclin B1 protein and apoptosis induced by chemotherapy in prostate cancer cells. There is minimal cyclin B1 and induction of apoptosis by chemotherapy in nontransformed cells. LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells stably overexpressing cyclin B1 are more sensitive to apoptosis induced by chemotherapy. LNCaP cells expressing cyclin B1 small interfering RNA to lower cyclin B1 protein or dominant negative cyclin-dependent kinase 1 to inhibit cyclin B1 kinase show a decrease in apoptosis. Increased sensitivity to apoptosis by overexpression of cyclin B1 may be due to lower Bcl-2, higher p53, and decreased neuroendocrine differentiation. We suggest that a cancer-specific mechanism whereby 2-ME and docetaxel may exert anti–prostate cancer activity is the deregulated activation of cyclin B1 kinase, leading to the induction of apoptotic cell death. Our results also suggest that higher levels of cyclin B1 in prostate cancer cells may be a good prognostic marker for chemotherapy. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(5):1534–43]
Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by diallyl trisulfide in human prostate cancer cells is associated with generation of reactive oxygen species and regulated by Bax/Bak
Authors: Kim Young-Ae , Xiao Dong , Xiao Hui , Powolny Anna A. , Lew Karen L. , Reilly Megan L. , Zeng Yan , Wang Zhou , Singh Shivendra V. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide (DATS) inhibits growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by causing apoptosis, but the sequence of events leading to cell death is not fully understood. We now show that DATS treatment triggers mitochondria-mediated apoptosis program in human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, LNCaP-C81, LNCaP-C4-2) irrespective of their androgen responsiveness. Interestingly, a normal prostate epithelial cell line (PrEC) is significantly more resistant to apoptosis induction by DATS compared with prostate cancer cells. The DATS-induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells correlated with the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, modest increase in protein level of Bak, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein levels. The DATS-induced apoptosis was significantly attenuated by knockdown of Bax and Bak proteins, but not by ectopic expression of either Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL. The DATS treatment caused generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LNCaP cells, but not in PrEC, which was attenuated by pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. The N-acetylcysteine pretreatment conferred significant protection against DATS-mediated disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study reveals that the mitochondria-mediated cell death by DATS is associated with ROS generation and regulated by Bax/Bak but independent of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(5):1599–609]
Inhibition of topoisomerase IIα and G2 cell cycle arrest by NK314, a novel benzo[c]phenanthridine currently in clinical trials
Authors: Guo Lei , Liu Xiaojun , Nishikawa Kiyohiro , Plunkett William 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
NK314 is a novel synthetic benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid that has recently entered clinical trials as an antitumor compound, based on impressive activities in preclinical models. The present investigations were directed at determining the mechanism of action of this agent. NK314 induced significant G2 cell cycle arrest in several cell lines, independent of p53 status, suggesting the existence of a common mechanism of checkpoint activation. The Chk1-Cdc25C-Cdk1 G2 checkpoint pathway was activated in response to 100 nmol/L NK314 in ML-1 human acute myeloid leukemia cells. This was associated with the phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX, an action that was predominant in the G2 population, suggesting that double-strand DNA breaks caused cells to activate the checkpoint pathway. Double-strand DNA breaks were visualized as chromosomal aberrations when the G2 checkpoint was abrogated by 7-hydroxystaurosporine. In vitro assays showed that NK314 inhibited the ability of topoisomerase IIα to relax supercoiled DNA and trapped topoisomerase IIα in its cleavage complex intermediate. CEM/VM1 cells, which are resistant to etoposide due to mutations in topoisomerase IIα, were cross-resistant to NK314. However, CEM/C2 cells, which are resistant to camptothecin due to mutations in topoisomerase I, retained sensitivity. These findings support the conclusion that the major mechanism of NK314 is to inhibit topoisomerase IIα, an action that leads to the generation of double-strand DNA breaks, which activate the G2 DNA damage checkpoint pathway. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(5):1501–8]
ZD1839 induces p15INK4b and causes G1 arrest by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal–regulated kinase pathway
Authors: Koyama Makoto , Matsuzaki Youichirou , Yogosawa Shingo , Hitomi Toshiaki , Kawanaka Mayumi , Sakai Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInactivation of the retinoblastoma protein pathway is the most common abnormality in malignant tumors. We therefore tried to detect agents that induce the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4b and found that ZD1839 (gefitinib, Iressa) could up-regulate p15INK4b expression. ZD1839 has been shown to inhibit cell cycle progression through inhibition of signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase-Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascades. However, the mechanism responsible for the differential sensitivity of the signaling pathways to ZD1839 remains unclear. We here showed that ZD1839 up-regulated p15INK4b, resulting in retinoblastoma hypophosphorylation and G1 arrest in human immortalized keratinocyte HaCaT cells. p15INK4b induction was caused by MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor (PD98059), but not by Akt inhibitor (SH-6, Akt-III). Moreover, mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking p15INK4b were resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of ZD1839 compared with wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts. Additionally, the status of ERK phosphorylation was related to the antiproliferative activity of ZD1839 in human colon cancer HT-29 and Colo320DM cell lines. Our results suggest that induction of p15INK4b by inhibition of the MAPK/ERK pathway is associated with the antiproliferative effects of ZD1839. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(5):1579–1587]
Synoptic Modeling in the Eastern Arabian Sea during the Southwest Monsoon Using Upwelling Feature Models
Authors: Shaji C. , Gangopadhyay A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHydrographic observations along the western coast of India during the southwest (SW) monsoon season reveal upwelling in the equatorward surface flow and downwelling below the thermocline with a weak poleward undercurrent. Observations made previously during the peak of the SW monsoon in boreal summer showed that upwelling temperatures are much cooler (&lt;23°C) than compared to the available climatology data in this region. A feature modeling technique is used to describe the temperature distribution associated with the West India Coastal Current (WICC) upwelling. This kind of formulation captures the upwelling and downwelling associated with the WICC reasonably well, though it requires the specification of a few observed offshore and nearshore temperature profiles. The temperature–salinity relationship from the Levitus climatology data is further used to obtain a compatible salinity distribution for the feature model. The efficiency of this feature model is further validated via a dynamical model simulation: here, the temperature–salinity feature model profiles are objectively melded with the Levitus climatology to create the synoptic initial condition. The WICC’s local circulation and simulated upwelling temperatures are more realistic in the dynamical model simulation with the feature model than in a simulation that does not utilize the upwelling feature model. The advantage of the feature modeling technique used herein is that it provides additional or new information that the OGCMs or prognostic ocean models can adapt to improve the latter’s initial condition and for synoptic forecasting. Furthermore, the generalized formulation of the upwelling feature model developed here may be used in other regional coastal oceans as well.
Field Verification of ADCP Surface Gravity Wave Elevation Spectra
Authors: Hoitink A. J. F. , Peters H. C. , Schroevers M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAcoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) can measure orbital velocities induced by surface gravity waves, yet the ADCP estimates of these velocities are subject to a relatively high noise level. The present paper introduces a linear filtration technique to significantly reduce the influence of noise and turbulence from energy spectra of combined orbital velocity measurements. Data were collected in 13-m-deep water with a 1.2-MHz ADCP sampling in mode 12, where a collocated wave buoy was used for verification. The surface elevation spectra derived from the filtrated and nonfiltrated measurements were compared with corresponding wave buoy spectra. In the frequency range between 0.12 and 0.5 Hz, ADCP- and wave-buoy-derived spectral estimates matched very well, even without applying the filtration technique. At frequencies below 0.12 Hz, the ADCP-derived surface elevation spectra are biased, caused by a depth-varying excess of spectral energy density in the measured orbital velocities, peaking at middepth. Internal waves may provide an explanation for the energy excess, as the experiment was conducted in the region of influence of the Rhine freshwater plume. Alternatively, infragravity waves may be the cause of the depth variation of low-frequency spectral energy density.
Performance of Quality Assurance Procedures on Daily Precipitation
Authors: You Jinsheng , Hubbard Kenneth G. , Nadarajah Saralees , Kunkel Kenneth E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe search for precipitation quality control (QC) methods has proven difficult. The high spatial and temporal variability associated with precipitation data causes high uncertainty and edge creep when regression-based approaches are applied. Precipitation frequency distributions are generally skewed rather than normally distributed. The commonly assumed normal distribution in QC methods is not a good representation of the actual distribution of precipitation and is inefficient in identifying the outliers. This paper first explores the use of a single gamma distribution, fit to all precipitation data, in a quality assurance test. A second test, the multiple intervals gamma distribution (MIGD) method, is introduced. It assumes that meteorological conditions that produce a certain range in average precipitation at surrounding stations will produce a predictable range at the target station. The MIGD bins the average of precipitation at neighboring stations; then, for the events in a specific bin, an associated gamma distribution is derived by fit to the same events at the target station. The new gamma distributions can then be used to establish the threshold for QC according to the user-selected probability of exceedance. This paper also explores a test (Q test) for precipitation, which uses a metric based on comparisons with neighboring stations. The performance of the three approaches is evaluated by assessing the fraction of “known” errors that can be identified in a seeded error dataset. The single gamma distribution and Q-test approach were found to be relatively efficient at identifying extreme precipitation values as potential outliers. However, the MIGD method outperforms the other two QC methods. This method identifies more seeded errors and results in fewer type I errors than the other methods. It will be adopted in the Applied Climatic Information System (ACIS) for precipitation quality control.
On the Equivalence of Dual-Wavelength and Dual-Polarization Equations for Estimation of the Raindrop Size Distribution
Authors: Meneghini Robert , Liao Liang 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
For air- and spaceborne weather radars, which typically operate at frequencies of 10 GHz and above, attenuation correction is usually an essential part of any rain estimation procedure. For ground-based radars, where the maximum range within the precipitation is usually much greater than that from air- or spaceborne radars, attenuation correction becomes increasingly important at frequencies above about 5 GHz. Although dual-polarization radar algorithms rely on the correlation between raindrop shape and size, while dual-wavelength weather radar algorithms rely primarily on non-Rayleigh scattering at the shorter wavelength, the equations for estimating parameters of the drop size distribution (DSD) are nearly identical in the presence of attenuation. Many of the attenuation correction methods that have been proposed can be classified as one of two types: those that employ a kZ (specific attenuation–radar reflectivity factor) relation, and those that use an integral equation formalism where the attenuation is obtained from the DSD parameters at prior gates, either stepping outward from the radar or inward toward the radar from some final range gate. The similarity is shown between the dual-polarization and dual-wavelength equations when either the kZ or the integral equation formulation is used. Differences between the two attenuation correction procedures are illustrated for simulated measurements from an X-band dual-polarization radar.
STRAT: An Automated Algorithm to Retrieve the Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere from Single-Channel Lidar Data
Authors: Morille Y. , Haeffelin M. , Drobinski P. , Pelon J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Today several lidar networks around the world provide large datasets that are extremely valuable for aerosol and cloud research. Retrieval of atmospheric constituent properties from lidar profiles requires detailed analysis of spatial and temporal variations of the signal. This paper presents an algorithm called Structure of the Atmosphere (STRAT), which is designed to retrieve the vertical distribution of cloud and aerosol layers in the boundary layer and through the free troposphere and to identify near-particle-free regions of the vertical profile and the range at which the lidar signal becomes too attenuated for exploitation, from a single lidar channel. The paper describes each detection method used in the STRAT algorithm and its application to a tropospheric backscatter lidar operated at the SIRTA observatory, in Palaiseau, 20 km south of Paris, France. STRAT retrievals are compared to other means of layer detection and classification; retrieval performances and uncertainties are discussed.
Comparison of Plotting Methods for Solar Radiometer Calibration
Authors: Adler-Golden S. M. , Slusser J. R. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
An alternative formulation of the Langley plot relating observed solar irradiance, extraterrestrial solar irradiance, and air mass has been suggested to potentially improve radiometer calibration accuracy. In this study, results from the traditional and alternative plotting methods are compared using both simulated and measured data. The simulations indicate that their relative accuracies depend on the time scale of the atmospheric extinction fluctuations. The two methods are found to be essentially equivalent with the measured data.
Comparison of Pyranometric and Pyrheliometric Methods for the Determination of Sunshine Duration
Authors: Hinssen Yvonne B. L. , Knap Wouter H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo pyranometric methods for the determination of sunshine duration (SD) from global irradiance measurements are evaluated by means of summated sunshine seconds derived from pyrheliometric measurements in combination with the WMO threshold of 120 W m−2 for the direct solar irradiance. The evaluation is performed using direct and global radiation measurements made at the Cabauw Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) site in the Netherlands for the period March 2005–February 2006. The “Slob algorithm” uses 10-min mean and extreme values of the measured global irradiance and parameterized estimates of the direct and diffuse irradiance. The “correlation algorithm” directly relates SD to 10-min mean measurements of global irradiance. The cumulative pyrheliometric SD for the mentioned period is 1429 h. Relative to this value, the Slob algorithm and correlation algorithm give −72 h (−5%) and +8 h (+0.6%). On a daily mean basis, the values are −0.22 ± 0.05 h day−1 and 0.03 ± 0.03 h day−1, respectively. By means of tuning the irradiance parameterizations of the Slob algorithm, the yearly cumulative and daily mean differences can be reduced to +7 h (+0.5%) and 0.02 ± 0.04 h day−1, respectively. It is concluded that, by use of either algorithm, it is possible to estimate daily sums of SD from 10-min mean measurements of global irradiance with a typical uncertainty of 0.5–0.7 h day−1. For yearly sums, the uncertainty typically amounts to 0.5%.
Hand is a direct target of the forkhead transcription factor Biniou during Drosophilavisceral mesoderm differentiation
Authors: Popichenko Dmitry , Sellin Julia , Bartkuhn Marek , Paululat Achim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe visceral trunk mesoderm inDrosophila melanogasterdevelops under inductive signals from the ectoderm. This leads to the activation of the key regulators Tinman, Bagpipe and Biniou that are crucial for specification of the circular visceral muscles. How further differentiation is regulated is widely unknown, therefore it seems to be essential to identify downstream target genes of the early key regulators. In our report we focus on the analysis of the transcriptional control of the highly conserved transcription factor Hand in circular visceral muscle cells, providing evidence that thehandgene is a direct target of Biniou.ResultsHerein we describe the identification of a regulatory region in thehandgene essential and sufficient for the expression in the visceral mesoderm during embryogenesis. We found thathandexpression in the circular visceral mesoderm is abolished in embryos mutant for the FoxF domain containing transcription factor Biniou. Furthermore we demonstrate that Biniou regulateshandexpression by direct binding to a 300 bp sequence element, located within the 3rdintron of thehandgene. This regulatory element is highly conserved in differentDrosophilaspecies. In addition, we provide evidence that Hand is dispensable for the initial differentiation of the embryonic visceral mesoderm.ConclusionIn the present report we show that cross species sequence comparison of non-coding sequences between orthologous genes is a powerful tool to identify conserved regulatory elements. Combining functional dissection experimentsin vivoand protein/DNA binding studies we identifiedhandas a direct target of Biniou in the circular visceral muscles.
The role of survivin in angiogenesis during zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: Ma Alvin CH , Lin Rachel , Chan Po-Kwok , Leung Joseph CK , Chan Loretta YY , Meng Anming , Verfaillie Catherine M , Liang Raymond , Leung Anskar YH 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
Survivin is the smallest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family. Recently, the zebrafish survivin-1 gene has been cloned, showing remarkable sequence identity and similarity over the BIR domain compared with human and mouse survivin gene. Here we investigated the role of survivin in angiogenesis during zebrafish development. Morpholinos (MOs) targeting the 5' untranslated region (UTR) (SurUTR) and sequences flanking the initiation codon (SurATG) of zebrafish survivin-1 gene were injected into embryos at 1–4 cell stage. Vasculature was examined by microangiography and GFP expression in Tg(fli1:EGFP)

y1 embryos. Results: In embryos co-injected with SurUTR and SurATG-MOs, vasculogenesis was intact but angiogenesis was markedly perturbed, especially in the inter-segmental vessels (ISV) and dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessels (DLAV) of the trunk, the inner optic circle and optic veins of developing eyes and the sub-intestinal vessels. Apoptosis was increased, as shown by TUNEL staining and increase in caspase-3 activity. Efficacy of SurUTR and SurATG-MOs was demonstrated by translation inhibition of co-injected 5'UTR survivin:GFP plasmids. The phenotypes could be recapitulated by splice-site MO targeting the exon2-intron junction of survivin gene and rescued by survivin mRNA. Injection of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein induced ectopic angiogenesis and increased survivin expression, whereas treatment with a VEGF receptor inhibitor markedly reduced angiogenesis and suppressed survivin expression. Conclusion: Survivin is involved in angiogenesis during zebrafish development and may be under VEGF regulation.