bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaving home after cancer in childhood: A measure of social independence in early adulthood
Authors: Koch Susanne Vinkel , Kejs Anne Mette Tranberg , Engholm Gerda , Møller Henrik , Johansen Christoffer , Schmiegelow Kjeld 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies on psychosocial outcomes for childhood and adolescent cancer survivors have found diverse results concerning social independence. As a measure of social independence, we investigated whether cancer survivors displayed the same patterns of leaving home as population‐based control group.ProcedureWe identified 1,597 patients in the Danish Cancer Register, born in 1965–1980, in whom a primary cancer was diagnosed before they reached the age of 20 in the period 1965–1995. The patients were compared with a random sample of the general population (n = 43,905) frequency matched on sex and date of birth. By linking the two cohorts to registers in Statistics Denmark, we obtained socioeconomic data for the period 1980–1997. The relative risk for leaving home was estimated with discrete‐time Cox regression models.ResultsThe risk for leaving home of survivors of hematological malignancies and solid tumors did not differ significantly from that of the control cohort. Adjustments for possible socioeconomic confounders did not change this pattern. In contrast, survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumors had a significantly reduced risk for leaving home, which was most pronounced for men (relative risk, men: 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.80; women: 0.88, 95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.97).ConclusionOverall, the psychosocial effects of cancer in childhood or adolescence and its treatment on the survivor and family did not appear to impede social independence in early adulthood, except for survivors of CNS tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Favorable response of intraommaya topotecan for leptomeningeal metastasis of neuroblastoma after intravenous route failure
Authors: Sirachainan Nongnuch , Visudtibhan Anannit , Tuntiyatorn Lojana , Pakakasama Samart , Chuansumrit Ampaiwan , Hongeng Suradej 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA 3‐year‐old male, diagnosed with stage 4 neuroblastoma, developed recurrent leptomeningeal metastasis after multi‐modality treatment including multi‐agent chemotherapy, surgery, high dose chemotherapy plus stem cell rescue, cis‐retinoic acid and intravenous (IV) topotecan. He then received intraommaya (IO) topotecan three times weekly (maximum dose; 0.4 mg). A complete response was achieved by a resolution of malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid and resolution leptomeningeal enhancement by brain MRI. Treatment toxicities included low‐grade fever and minimal headache. The duration of treatment response from IO topotecan was 18 weeks. The survival time from CNS recurrence in this patient was 13 months. We suggest IO topotecan be considered for neoplastic meningitis of tumors with known sensitivity to topotecan. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:169–172. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous quantification of eudesmanolides and thymol derivatives from tissues of Inula helenium and I. royleana by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid Chromatography
Authors: Stojakowska Anna , Michalska Klaudia , Malarz Janusz 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA simple and rapid isocratic reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of alantolactone/isoalantolactone and three thymol derivatives in roots and root cultures of Inula helenium and I. royleana has been developed. The method could be applied to screen raw materials in search for highly productive plants and in vitro cultures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimisation of conditions for the extraction of casearins from Casearia sylvestris using response surface methodology
Authors: Bandeira Karin F. , Tininis Aristeu G. , Bolzani Vanderlan da S. , Cavalheiro Alberto J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOptimal conditions for the extraction of casearins from Casearia sylvestris were determined using response surface methodology. The maceration and sonication extraction techniques were performed using a 3 × 3 × 3 full factorial design including three acidity conditions, three solvents of different polarities and three extraction times. The yields and selectivities of the extraction of casearins were significantly influenced by acidity conditions. Taking into account all variables tested, the optimal conditions for maceration extraction were estimated to involve treatment with dichloromethane saturated with ammonium hydroxide for 26 h. Similar yields and selectivities for casearins were determined for sonication extraction using the same solvent but for the much shorter time of 1 h. The best results for stabilisation of the fresh plant material were obtained using leaves that had been oven dried at 40°C for 48 h. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of high‐quality RNA from polyphenol‐, polysaccharide‐ and lipid‐rich seeds
Authors: Birtić Simona , Kranner Ilse 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSeed polyphenols, polysaccharides and lipids often interfere with or degrade RNA, restricting its yield and quality. Existing RNA isolation methods specifically alleviate one or two of these challenges, but are usually designed for a single species rather than for a broad biodiversity. Many protocols also do not eliminate chromosomal DNA, which causes false positives in gene expression studies. The method reported here addresses all of the above challenges. The concentration of the phenol blocker polyvinylpyrrolidone in the extraction buffer was optimised for use on a broader range of species. DNase I was added to eliminate chromosomal DNA and the timing of this step was optimised. Lipids were removed by centrifugation. Polysaccharides and proteins, including excess DNase I, were separated from RNA during ethanol precipitation of nucleic acids. In seeds of five plant species from four taxonomically distant families, significant amounts of RNA were isolated in less than half the time typically required by previously reported methods. Colorimetric tests showed that the isolated RNA was free from interfering contaminants. In addition, reverse transcription‐PCR confirmed that the isolated RNA was of appropriate quality and integrity for gene expression studies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aqueous polyurethane dispersions derived from polycarbonatediols and Di(4‐isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane
Authors: Lee Da‐Kong , Tsai Hong‐Bing , Tsai Ruey‐Shi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAqueous polyurethane dispersions derived from various polycarbonatediols, di(4‐isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane (HMDI), and various carboxylic diols, including dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), dimethylol butyric acid (DMBA), and a carboxylic polycaprolactonediol, were prepared by a method in which the dispersing procedure was modified to enhance the molecular weight. The molecular weight, particle size, tensile properties, thermal properties, and dynamic mechanical properties of the polyurethane dispersions were investigated. The dynamic mechanical property data indicate that these polyurethane dispersions can exhibit higher temperature resistance when compared with those derived from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:588–593, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on maleated natural rubber/polypropylene blends: Effect of blend ratios on rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties
Authors: Nakason Charoen , Saiwari Sitisaiyidah , Kaesaman Azizon 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMaleated natural rubber (MNR) was prepared and used to formulate thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on various MNR/PP blends. The influence of mixing methods on the TPVs properties was first studied. We found that mixing all ingredients in an internal mixer provided the TPVs with better mechanical properties. The final mixing torque, shear stress, and shear viscosity of the TPVs prepared with various blend ratios of MNR/PP increased with increasing levels of MNR in the blends. This may be attributed to higher shear viscosity of the pure MNR than that of the pure PP. Furthermore, as evidenced in SEM micrographs, the TPVs are two phase morphologies with dispersed small vulcanized rubber domains in the PP matrix. Therefore, the higher content of PP caused the more molten continuous phase of the flow during mixing and rheological characterization. Tensile strength and hardness of the TPVs increased with increasing levels of PP, while the elongation at break decreased. Furthermore, the elastomeric properties, in terms of tension set, increased with increasing levels of MNR in the blends. This may be attributed to decreasing trends in the size of vulcanized rubber particles dispersed in the PP matrix with an increasing concentration of MNR. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:594–600, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Studies on melt spinning process of hollow polyethylene terephthalate fibers
Authors: Oh Taehwan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDimensional change and profile development in the melt spinning process of polyethylene terephthalate hollow fibers were studied through the numerical simulations and experimental results. The simulation predicts the final dimensions and profiles development of the hollow fibers at various positions from the die. Experimental results show that the melt extruded from the spinneret coalesces initially to form a hollow inner core and the cross‐sectional shape holds for over the whole spinline with only variation in the hollow portion. Analysis of the effect of spinning parameters on hollow portion shows that the spinning temperature, mass throughput rate, and take‐up speed are the most critical variables in controlling the hollow portion followed by quench air velocity. The quench air temperature has relatively less effect than the other variables. As the mass throughput rate and quench air velocity increase and the take‐up speed and spinning temperature decrease, the hollow portion increases. To investigate the effect of die geometry, die having a different ratio of inner to outer diameter was used. The effect of change of process variables decreases as the die gap becomes narrow. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:609–616, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of slip agent and talc surface‐treatment on the scratch behavior of thermoplastic olefins
Authors: Browning Robert , Lim Goy Teck , Moyse Allan , Sun Luyi , Sue Hung‐Jue 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFour model TPO systems, with and without slip agent (erucamide) and talc fillers (surface‐treated or untreated), were investigated using a newly developed linear load‐increase scratch‐test methodology. Our findings suggest that both the use of slip agent and surface‐treatment of talc fillers can greatly reduce scratch visibility. FTIR spectra indicate that only surface‐treated talc allows slip agent to freely migrate to the TPO surface to greatly reduce scratch visibility. The untreated talc appears to exhibit a possible physical or chemical interaction with the erucamide and to trap erucamide from escaping to the surface. The influence of talc fillers and erucamide on surface damage mechanisms has been determined. In particular, systems containing surface‐treated talc and erucamide tend to exhibit prolonged ductile drawing and increase the load required to initiate scratch visibility. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:601–608, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Rheological behavior of starch–polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocomposite melts synthesized by reactive extrusion
Authors: Kalambur Sathya , Rizvi Syed S.H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRheological behavior of reactively extruded starch–PCL nanocomposite blends was evaluated in an off‐line capillary rheometer. Power law models for blends with different nanoclay volume fractions were developed using appropriate correction factors. Consistency coefficients K for blends containing starch were significantly higher than 100% PCL. Starch–PCL nanocomposite blends showed shear‐thinning behavior with higher pseudoplasticity than did 100% PCL. Viscosities of nanocomposite blends were significantly lower than that of 100% PCL and nonreactive starch–PCL composites synthesized from simple extrusion mixing. Power law coefficients developed in this study will be used to evaluate rheology‐dependent parameters during scaling up the reactive extrusion process from a batch micro‐extruder to a high output continuous twin‐screw extruder. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:650–658, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Adaptive online quality control for injection‐molding by monitoring and controlling mold separation
Authors: Chen Zhongbao , Turng Lih‐Sheng , Wang Kuo‐King 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a unique method that makes use of a small signal (of the magnitude of microns) measured by a precision linear displacement transducer mounted on the outside of mold plates to monitor the momentary separation of the core and cavity plates. The maximum value of the separation is found to be highly correlated with part weight, one of the important quality indices. The whole profile of the mold separation (MS) is monitored and used in order to control the process adaptively and to keep the part quality consistent. Adaptive algorithms are developed to control the switchover point from filling to packing in terms of hydraulic pressure from shot to shot. Within a shot, the hydraulic pressure during the holding stage is manipulated to control the MS profile. The experimental results with different resins and mold geometries show that the variation of part weight is reduced significantly as compared to the conventional hydraulic pressure control. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:569–580, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes dispersity on the light transmittancy of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Fang Zhengping , Gu Aijuan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTwo types of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), chemically modified and unmodified, were dispersed in epoxy resin with ultrasonication. The light transmittance characteristics of epoxy composites with different ratios of MWCNTs to epoxy resin were measured at wavelengths ranging from 200 to 1100 nm. Results showed that composites with modified MWCNTs had a much higher light transmittance than those with unmodified MWCNTs. This was presumably due to a more uniform dispersion of modified MWCNTs in the epoxy matrix, as indicated by both transmission electron microscopy and optic microscopy. The wavelength dependency of light transmittance of the composites was expressed empirically as a function of weight fraction (fw) of MWCNTs and the light wavelength (λ). POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:635–642, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Solubilities of sub‐ and supercritical carbon dioxide in polyester resins
Authors: Nalawade Sameer P. , Picchioni Francesco , Janssen Leon P.B.M. , Patil Vishal E. , Keurentjes Jos. T.F. , Staudt Reiner 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) assisted polymer processes the solubility of CO2 in a polymer plays a vital role. The higher the amount of CO2 dissolved in a polymer the higher is the viscosity reduction of the polymer. Solubilities of CO2 in polyester resins based on propoxylated bisphenol (PPB) and ethoxylated bisphenol (PEB) have been measured using a magnetic suspension balance at temperatures ranging from 333 to 420 K and pressures up to 30 MPa. An optical cell has been used to independently determine the swelling of the polymers, which has been incorporated in the buoyancy correction. In both polyester resins, the solubility of CO2 increases with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature as a result of variations in CO2 density. The experimental solubility has been correlated to the Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:643–649, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Strain and strain‐rate formulation for flow‐induced crystallization
Authors: Dai Shao‐Cong , Qi Fuzhong , Tanner Roger I. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIt has been suggested that isothermal flow‐induced crystallization is jointly linked to strain and strain rate. Here we test this idea further by studying some results of Bove and Nobile on isotactic poly (1‐butene). We also present some new experimental results on polypropylene in finite amplitude sinusoidal oscillation. The ranges of strain amplitude and frequency are from 0.1% to 10% and from 0.1 to 30 Hz, respectively. The experimental data are compared with the results calculated by using a multimode PTT model with a suspension‐based theory; both strain and strain rate are involved in the flow‐induced crystallization. A fairly good agreement between experiments and calculations has been observed. We conclude that a simple strain plus strain‐rate function gives a reasonable description of flow‐induced crystallization at low shear rates. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:659–669, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of mixing protocol on compatibilized polymer blend morphology
Authors: Lin Bin , Sundararaj Uttandaraman , Guegan Philippe 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe investigated the effect of mixing protocol on the morphology of compatibilized polymer blends made with premade compatibilizer and reactively formed in‐situ compatibilizer in a custom‐built miniature mixer Alberta Polymer Asymmetric Minimixer (APAM). The compatibilized blends show a finer morphology than uncompatibilized blends if the polymers are mixed together in the dry state and then fed into the mixer. It is found that premelting one polymer, and premixing polymers and compatibilizer, both greatly affect the compatibilized blends' morphology. The effects are complex since the dispersed phase particle size and distribution of the compatibilized blends may be smaller or larger when compared with the uncompatibilized system, depending on the material's physical and chemical properties; for example, diblock molecular weight or the preference of copolymer to migrate to a particular phase can change the final morphology. Good mobility of the copolymer to reach the interface is crucial to obtain a finer morphology. Micelles are observed when a high molecular weight diblock copolymer P(S‐b‐MMA) is used for a PS/PMMA blend. Because of its enhanced mobility, no micelles are found for a low molecular weight diblock copolymer P(S‐b‐MMA) in a PS/PMMA blend. For PS/PE/P(S‐b‐E) blends, finer morphology is obtained when P(S‐b‐E) is first precompounded with PS. Because the block copolymer prefers the PE phase, if the P(S‐b‐E) block copolymer is compounded with PE first, some remains inside the PE phase and does not compatibilize the interface. In the case of reactive blend PSOX/PEMA, premelting and holding the polymers at high temperature for 5 min decreases final dispersed phase particle size; however, premelting and holding for 10 min coarsens the morphology. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:691–702, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Preparation and properties of waterborne polyurethaneurea consisting of fluorinated siloxane units
Authors: Su Teng , Wang Gui You , Xu Xu Dong , Hu Chun Pu 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA series of polyurethaneurea (PUU) aqueous dispersions were prepared via a prepolymer process from polyester polyol, α,ω‐dihydroxypoly[(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl) methylsiloxane] (PTFPMS), dimethylolpropionic acid, isophorone diisocyanate, and ethylenediamine. These anionic‐type aqueous dispersions were stable at the ambient temperature for more than 6 months, with particle sizes ranging from 69 to 127 nm. For these aqueous dispersions, the surface tension decreased with increasing PTFPMS content, but the particle size increased with a maximum value. The film prepared from the PUU aqueous dispersion consisting of 5 wt % PTFPMS (APU‐FS‐5) exhibited excellent waterproof performance. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the APU‐FS‐5 film increased nearly 3 times compared with that of the PUU film without PTFPMS, whereas the elongation at break only decreased a little; this indicated that the water‐resistant and mechanical properties could be enhanced markedly and simultaneously for the PUU films containing both silicon and fluorine groups. The experimental results showed a high degree of hydrogen bonding for urea groups and an increased microphase‐separation degree between the hard and soft segments in the PTFPMS‐modified system, which resulted in the excellent mechanical properties of these films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3365–3373, 2006
Olefin polymerization catalyzed by amide vanadium(IV) complexes: The stereo‐ and regiochemistry of propylene insertion
Authors: Cuomo Cinzia , Milione Stefano , Grassi Alfonso 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe reaction of VCl3(THF)3 with 1 equiv of the lithium salt of ligand ArNH(Me2SiCH2CH2SiMe2)NHAr or ArNH(SiMe3) (Ar = 2,6‐Me2C6H3) afforded the corresponding V(IV) amide complexes, [1,2‐CH2CH2(Me2SiNAr)2]VCl2 (3) and (Me3SiNAr)2VCl2 (4). The activation of 3 and 4 with the alkyl aluminum compound Al2Et3Cl3 or AlEt2Cl produced active ethylene polymerization catalysts exhibiting productivity values among the highest reported for vanadium amide based catalysts. Moreover, syndiotactic specific propylene polymerization was successfully conducted at −40 °C in the presence of 3/Al2Et3Cl3 and 4/Al2Et3Cl3. Syndiotactic polypropylenes with moderate stereoregularity ([rr] = 0.66) and a concentration of regioirregular propylene of 6.9 mol % were obtained. Monomodal molecular weight distributions and polydispersity indices lower than 2 were observed in the polymerization runs carried out in heptane solutions. Thus, ethylene–propylene copolymers with propylene concentrations up to 45 mol % were synthesized and characterized by 13C NMR and thermal analysis. Good alternation and random distribution of the two monomers were actually obtained. Samples with elevated concentrations of propylene were completely amorphous, with a glass‐transition temperature of −50 °C. The properties and structure of the copolymers produced with amide vanadium catalysts 3 and 4 were similar to those reported for ethylene–propylenes produced with industrial vanadium‐based catalysts, suggesting the presence of the same active catalyst species. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3279–3289, 2006