bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐reported headache in schoolchildren: Parents underestimate their children's headaches
Authors: Lundqvist Christofer , Clench‐Aas Jocelyne , Hofoss Dag , Bartonova Alena 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground: Most previous studies of childhood headache have used indirect parental/physician reports to estimate the prevalence of headache in children. Aim: To use direct information from children and to compare the results with data collected from parents. Study design/methods: A cross‐sectional questionnaire was sent to parents of 7–12‐y‐olds in Oslo, Norway. The questionnaire included retrospective reports by the parents of the presence of headache among their children during the past 6 mo. A panel study was subsequently done with daily diaries completed by the children over 6 wk. This was done at school. Results: For 2126 children, both diary reports and parental reports were available. We found a 1‐mo prevalence of self‐reported headache of 57.6%. Parents, particularly fathers, reported lower headache prevalence than the children. The difference between parental reports and those of the children was larger when the child was a girl. There was a clear difference for the youngest children and parental underreporting for children with the most frequent headaches.Conclusion: Since indirect parental reports of child headache underestimated headache frequency compared to direct diary‐based self‐reports, we suggest more widespread use of diary registration of headaches in studies of child headache.
Reventilation with room air or 100% oxygen after asphyxia differentially affects cerebral neuropathology in newborn pigs
Authors: Domoki Ferenc , Zimmermann Aliz , Cserni Gabor , Bori Rita , Temesvári Peter , Bari Ferenc 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Aim: To test if reventilation with room air (RA) or 100% oxygen (O2) after asphyxia would differentially affect neuronal damage in different brain areas of newborn pigs. Methods: Anaesthetized piglets were subjected to 10 min asphyxia (n= 27) or served as time controls (n= 7). Reventilation started with either RA or O2 for 1 h, and was continued with RA for an additional 1 – 3 h. Cortical or cerebellar blood flow was assessed with laser‐Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Haematoxylin/eosin‐stained sections from six brain regions were prepared for blinded neuropathological examination and scoring. Results: Asphyxia resulted in significant neuronal damage compared to time controls in all areas examined except the pons. O2 ventilation elicited greater neuronal lesions in the hippocampus and the cerebellum but smaller damage in the basal ganglia compared to RA. The assessed physiological parameters including the LDF signals were similar in both ventilation groups, except for PaO2 in the first hour of reventilation (RA 75±5 mmHg, O2 348±57 mmHg; p <0.05). Interestingly, however, reactive hyperaemia was much higher in the O2‐sensitive cerebellum as compared with the cortex (1101±227 vs 571±73; p <0.05, area under the curve). Conclusion: O2 toxicity after asphyxia was demonstrated in the piglet hippocampus and cerebellum but not in the cerebral cortex or basal ganglia. The observed regional differences may be associated with local haemodynamic factors.
Total glutamine content in human milk is not influenced by gestational age
Authors: Jochum Frank , Colling Stephanie , Meinardus Pamela , Alteheld Birgit , Stehle Peter , Fusch Christoph 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Background: Glutamine may be a conditionally indispensable amino acid in neonates and should be given in adequate amounts. Reliable information concerning the glutamine content of human milk is lacking. Aim: To assess total glutamine content in human milk using a novel analytical procedure, and to evaluate the potential influence of time of delivery and lactational stage. Methods: The content of free and protein‐bound glutamine was assessed in transitional (days 4–7 of lactation) and mature (days 29–34) human milk, after preterm (<35 wk of gestation, n=20) or term (>37 wk, n=20) delivery. Milk samples were obtained by manual expression and stored at ≤70°C. Measurement of protein‐bound glutamine was performed after stabilization by bis(1,1‐trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene (BTI). Free glutamine was detected by HPLC. Results: There was no difference concerning glutamine content in human milk after term or preterm delivery (median of 5000 vs 4960 µmol/l milk). The protein‐bound glutamine content decreased with the duration of lactation (6230 vs 4540 µmol/l milk). Free glutamine accounted for only 3–10% of the protein‐bound glutamine content. The free glutamine content showed a high variability after preterm and term delivery.Conclusion: This study presents for the first time data on glutamine intake in preterm and term neonates fed human milk. With these data, it is possible to formulate adequately composed nutritional therapy for infants at risk of glutamine imbalance.
Sleep duration and overweight among Australian children and adolescents
Authors: Eisenmann Joey C. , Ekkekakis Panteleimon , Holmes Megan 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Aim: To examine the association between sleep and overweight and waist circumference (WC) in children and adolescents. Methods: Data were from a nationally representative sample of 6324 7–15‐y‐old males and females from the Australian Health and Fitness Survey. Associations between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI) and WC were examined by analysis of covariance, linear regression, and logistic regression. Results: In the total sample, there was a significant main effect across sleep‐duration categories (≤8 h, 8–9 h, 9–10 h, and ≥10 h) for BMI. Linear regression showed significant age, sex, age‐sleep, and age‐sex‐sleep interactions in the total sample. There was an inverse graded relationship between sleep and BMI and WC in boys. In boys, there was a 1.6–1.8 times greater odds of overweight for those who reported 8–9 h or 9–10 h of sleep compared to those reporting ≥10 h of sleep. For boys reporting ≤8 h of sleep, there was about 3.1 times greater odds of overweight compared to those reporting ≥10 h of sleep. In contrast, no significant associations between sleep and overweight were found in girls.Conclusion: Sleep duration was inversely related with overweight in young males but not females.
Duration of breastfeeding among first‐time mothers in the United States: Results of a national survey
Authors: Taylor Julie Scott , Risica Patricia Markham , Geller Lauren , Kirtania Usree , Cabral Howard J. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Aim: To determine the characteristics of primiparous women who breastfeed for only short periods of time. Methods: The 2002 National Survey of Family Growth was used to analyze the characteristics of a national probability sample of 3229 first‐time US mothers aged 15 to 44 y with children ages 1 to 18 y old, 1960 of whom breastfed. Main outcome measures in the cross‐sectional study included breastfeeding at birth and at 3 mo as determined by in‐person, computer‐assisted interviews conducted by trained female interviewers. Results: Sixty‐two percent of first‐time mothers with singleton live births initiated any breastfeeding and 36% were still breastfeeding at 3 mo. Those who were older, married, and at higher educational levels were significantly more likely to continue breastfeeding beyond 3 mo. These same demographic factors were associated with differences in breastfeeding rates both early (within the first week of life) and consistently over the first 3 mo. In multivariate analyses, only educational level remained as a predictor of breastfeeding.Conclusion: Targeted breastfeeding interventions for young, single, less‐educated women are warranted in a culturally sensitive context, both prenatally and immediately postpartum, to improve the duration of breastfeeding among first‐time mothers in the US.
Neonatal behaviour characteristics and psychological problems at 6 years
Authors: Canals Josepa , Esparó Griselda , Fernández‐Ballart Joan D. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Aim: To examine the predictive capacity of the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) on psychological problems at the age of 6 y. Methods: Eighty full‐term infants of optimal health were evaluated at 3 d and 4 wk of age with the NBAS and at 6 y with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Inattention‐Overactivity with Aggression Conners Teacher's Rating Scale (IOWA). Results: The NBAS clusters’ predictive value was different at 3 d and at 4 wk. Orientation at 3 d and habituation at 4 wk were the best predictors of psychological problems. At 3 d, lower orientation scores and higher motor and habituation scores predicted higher scores in externalizing problems. Externalizing problems were least influenced by background variables. Only in girls were internalizing problems associated with lower orientation scores. At 4 wk, lower habituation cluster scores predicted higher scores in internalizing problems. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the NBAS could be useful for identifying neonates at risk of later psychological problems.
Clarithromycin treatment and QT prolongation in childhood
Authors: GERMANAKIS IOANNIS , GALANAKIS EMMANOUIL , PARTHENAKIS FRAGISKOS , VARDAS PANOS E. , KALMANTI MARIA 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe effect of clarithromycin on the QT interval was studied in a group of 28 children treated for respiratory tract infections. QTc was measured before and following 24 h of treatment. A modest (average 22 ms, 95% CI 14–30 ms) but significant QTc prolongation (p<0.001) was observed, with seven cases having a QTc >440 ms during treatment (including a single case with QTc >460 ms). Conclusion: Serial QTc measurements are necessary for early detection of children at risk for drug‐induced arrhythmias.
The role of maternal depressed mood and behavioural soothing on infant response to routine vaccination
Authors: MOSCARDINO UGHETTA , AXIA GIOVANNA , ALTOÈ GIANMARCO 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Background: It has been hypothesized that maternal characteristics may affect infants' experience of pain during stressful medical procedures. Aim: To investigate the role of maternal depressed mood on infants' response to vaccination, and to determine the effectiveness of different soothing behaviours in reducing infant distress. Methods: Twenty‐eight mothers and their healthy, full‐term infants participated in a prospective study. At infant age 2 mo, mothers completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and an adapted version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS); at infant age 4.5 mo, mothers were administered the mood scale and were observed with their infants during routine vaccination. Results: Higher levels of maternal depressed mood were predictive of a stronger infant pain response at routine vaccination. Contingencies derived from sequential analyses revealed that the soothing behaviours most effective in reducing infant distress were holding and face‐to‐face contact, whereas looking at the child from a distance was significantly associated with an increase in infant distress. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that interventions to reduce infant pain during stressful medical procedures may include early detection and referral for maternal postpartum depression as well as the promotion of soothing behaviours involving close physical and emotional contact between mother and baby.
Is screening for vesicoureteral reflux mandatory in infants with antenatal renal pelvis dilatation?
Authors: LIDEFELT KARL‐JOHAN , EK SVERKER , MIHOCSA LAZLO 
Published: June 2006

Abstract Aim: To determine whether postnatal ultrasound (US) can guide the use of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in infants with antenatally detected renal pelvis dilatation (ARPD). Methods: 14000 pregnant women consecutively underwent routine US examination during the second trimester. US examinations later in pregnancy were performed as follow‐up of previous anomalies or on obstetrical indications. One hundred and six fetuses with ARPD ≥5 mm were identified. Two postnatal US examinations were performed in the newborns: on the 5th to 7th day and during the 3rd week of life. The findings were considered normal when renal pelvis dilatation (RPD) was ≤7 mm on both US examinations, and no calyceal or ureteric dilatation or signs of renal dysplasia or other anomalies were present. VCUG was done 6 to 8 wk after birth. Results: In 53 of 103 analysable infants, the postnatal ultrasonographic findings were normal. The VCUG was abnormal in three of these 53 infants, all with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) grade I. Of 50 infants who had abnormal US examinations, six had VUR, four of which were grade IV and V reflux. Conclusion: In infants with ARPD who undergo two postnatal US examinations with RPD ≤7 mm and have no other abnormalities, VCUG is unnecessary.
Nectins and nectin‐like molecules: Roles in cell adhesion, polarization, movement, and proliferation
Authors: Ogita Hisakazu , Takai Yoshimi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNectins and nectin‐like molecules (Necls) are immunoglobulin‐like cell adhesion molecules that constitute families containing four and five members, respectively. All members, except for Necl‐5, trans‐interact homophilically. Furthermore, all members, including Necl‐5, trans‐interact heterophilically with their respective specific partners among the members. Necl‐5 regulates cell movement and proliferation cooperatively with integrin αvβ3 and growth factor receptors. Nectins function as cell‐cell adhesion molecules at a variety of cell‐cell junctions, including adherens junctions, and regulate the initial step of cell‐cell junction formation. Nectins and integrin αvβ3 are further involved in the cross‐talk between cell‐matrix and cell‐cell junctions. Thus, both nectin and Necl family members play important roles in fundamental cellular functions, including cell adhesion, polarization, movement, and proliferation.
iubmb Life, 58: 334‐343, 2006
Membrane targeting and remodeling through phosphoinositide‐binding domains
Authors: Takenawa Tadaomi , Itoh Toshiki 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn mammals, there are seven inositolphospholipids, collectively called phosphoinositides that serve as versatile molecules not only in receptor‐mediated signal transduction but also in a variety of cellular events such as cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane trafficking, cell proliferation and cell death. Recent studies have revealed that the latter functions are mediated by direct interactions between phosphoinositides and proteins. Such proteins contain two types of phosphoinositide‐binding regions; basic amino acid stretch and globular structural domain. Furthermore, spatially restricted compartment of phosphoinositides and their concentration are finely regulated by a large number of phosphoinositide kinases and ‐phosphatases, controlling localization‐specific metabolism of this simple lipid whose aberrations cause various diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
iubmb Life, 58: 296‐303, 2006
Multiple chaperone‐assisted formation of mammalian 20S proteasomes
Authors: Murata Shigeo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractProtein degradation is essential for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The majority of proteins are selectively degraded in eukaryotic cells by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. The 26S proteasome selects target proteins that are covalently modified with polyubiquitin chains. The 26S proteasome is a multisubunit protease responsible for regulated proteolysis in eukaryotic cells. The catalytic activities are carried out by the core 20S proteasome. The eukaryotic 20S proteasome is composed of 28 subunits arranged in a cylindrical particle as four heteroheptameric rings, α1 ‐ 7β1 ‐ 7β1 ‐ 7α1 ‐ 7. Recent studies have revealed the mechanism responsible for the assembly of such a complex structure. This article recounts the observations that disclosed the biogenesis of 20S proteasomes and discusses the difference in the mechanism of assembly between archael, yeast, and mammalian 20S proteasomes.
iubmb Life, 58: 344‐348, 2006
Molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication in the hormonal and neural systems
Authors: Nakanishi Shigetada 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper reviews our studies that have addressed the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis and reception of extracellular signaling molecules and integrative mechanisms of extracellular‐intracellular signaling transmission in biological systems. We introduced recombinant DNA technology into the neuroendocrine system and established the concept that a single peptide precursor encompasses multiple biologically active peptides and brings about coordinate functions in various biological systems. We then developed a novel functional cloning of membrane receptors and ion channels by combining an oocyte expression system with electrophysiology. We molecularly elucidated not only various peptide receptors, including the first demonstration of the molecular entity of a G protein‐coupled peptide receptor (GPCR), substance K receptor, and also diverse members of both G protein‐coupled metabotropic type and NMDA type of neurotransmitter glutamate receptors. We demonstrated many novel synaptic mechanisms involving distinct types of glutamate receptors in brain function and dysfunction. These include the mechanisms underlying segregation of light‐dark signals in visual transmission, discrimination and memory formation in olfactory transmission, and motor co‐ordination in the cerebellum, basal ganglia and the retinal network.
iubmb Life, 58: 349‐357, 2006
Molecular and Structural Characterization of Hexameric β-d-Glucosidases in Wheat and Rye
Authors: Sue Masayuki , Yamazaki Kana , Yajima Shunsuke , Nomura Taiji , Matsukawa Tetsuya , Iwamura Hajime , Miyamoto Toru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rye (Secale cereale) β-d-glucosidases hydrolyze hydroxamic acid-glucose conjugates, exist as different types of isozyme, and function as oligomers. In this study, three cDNAs encoding β-d-glucosidases (TaGlu1a, TaGlu1b, and TaGlu1c) were isolated from young wheat shoots. Although the TaGlu1s share very high sequence homology, the mRNA level of Taglu1c was much lower than the other two genes in 48- and 96-h-old wheat shoots. The expression ratio of each gene was different between two wheat cultivars. Recombinant TaGlu1b expressed in Escherichia coli was electrophoretically distinct fromTaGlu1a and TaGlu1c. Furthermore, coexpression of TaGlu1a and TaGlu1b gave seven bands on a native-PAGE gel, indicating the formation of both homo- and heterohexamers. One distinctive property of the wheat and rye glucosidases is that they function as hexamers but lose activity when dissociated into smaller oligomers or monomers. The crystal structure of hexameric TaGlu1b was determined at a resolution of 1.8 Å. The N-terminal region was located at the dimer-dimer interface and plays a crucial role in hexamer formation. Mutational analyses revealed that the aromatic side chain at position 378, which is located at the entrance to the catalytic center, plays an important role in substrate binding. Additionally, serine-464 and leucine-465 of TaGlu1a were shown to be critical in the relative specificity for DIMBOA-glucose (2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) over DIBOA-glucose (7-demethoxy-DIMBOA-glucose).
The CLAVATA3/ESR Motif of CLAVATA3 Is Functionally Independent from the Nonconserved Flanking Sequences
Authors: Fiers Martijn , Golemiec Elzbieta , van der Schors Roel , van der Geest Lonneke , Li Ka Wan , Stiekema Willem J. , Liu Chun-Ming 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
It is believed that CLAVATA3 (CLV3) encodes a peptide ligand that interacts with the CLV1/CLV2 receptor complex to limit the number of stem cells in the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the exact composition of the functional CLV3 product remains a mystery. A recent study on CLV3 shows that the CLV3/ESR (CLE) motif, together with the adjacent C-terminal sequence, is sufficient to execute CLV3 function when fused behind an N-terminal sequence of ERECTA. Here we show that most of the sequences flanking the CLE motif of CLV3 can be deleted without affecting CLV3 function. Using a liquid culture assay, we demonstrate that CLV3p, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the CLE motif of CLV3, is able to restrict the size of the shoot apical meristem in clv3 seedlings but not in clv1 seedlings. In accordance with this decrease in meristem size, application of CLV3p to in vitro-grown clv3 seedlings restricts the expression of the stem cell-promoting transcription factor WUSCHEL. Thus, we propose that the CLE motif is the functional region of CLV3 and that this region acts independently of its adjacent sequences.
The BAM1/BAM2 Receptor-Like Kinases Are Important Regulators ofArabidopsisEarly Anther Development
Authors: Hord Carey L.H. , Chen Changbin , DeYoung Brody J. , Clark Steven E. , Ma Hong 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAnther development involves the formation of several adjacent cell types required for normal male fertility. Only a few genes are known to be involved in early anther development, particularly in the establishment of these different cell layers. Arabidopsis thaliana BAM1 (for BARELY ANY MERISTEM) and BAM2 encode CLAVATA1-related Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinases that appear to have redundant or overlapping functions. We characterized anther development in the bam1 bam2 flowers and found that bam1 bam2 anthers appear to be abnormal at a very early stage and lack the endothecium, middle, and tapetum layers. Analyses using molecular markers and cytological techniques of bam1 bam2 anthers revealed that cells interior to the epidermis acquire some characteristics of pollen mother cells (PMCs), suggesting defects in cell fate specification. The pollen mother-like cells degenerate before the completion of meiosis, suggesting that these cells are defective. In addition, the BAM1 and BAM2 expression pattern supports both an early role in promoting somatic cell fates and a subsequent function in the PMCs. Therefore, analysis of BAM1 and BAM2 revealed a cell–cell communication process important for early anther development, including aspects of cell division and differentiation. This finding may have implications for the evolution of multiple signaling pathways in specifying cell types for microsporogenesis.
TheArabidopsisSUPPRESSOR OF AUXIN RESISTANCE Proteins Are Nucleoporins with an Important Role in Hormone Signaling and Development
Authors: Parry Geraint , Ward Sally , Cernac Alex , Dharmasiri Sunethra , Estelle Mark 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules is regulated by a large multisubunit complex called the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Although this complex is well characterized in animals and fungi, there is relatively little information on the NPC in plants. The suppressor of auxin resistance1 (sar1) and sar3 mutants were identified as suppressors of the auxin-resistant1 (axr1) mutant. Molecular characterization of these genes reveals that they encode proteins with similarity to vertebrate nucleoporins, subunits of the NPC. Furthermore, a SAR3–green fluorescent protein fusion protein localizes to the nuclear membrane, indicating that SAR1 and SAR3 are Arabidopsis thaliana nucleoporins. Plants deficient in either protein exhibit pleiotropic growth defects that are further accentuated in sar1 sar3 double mutants. Both sar1 and sar3 mutations affect the localization of the transcriptional repressor AXR3/INDOLE ACETIC ACID17, providing a likely explanation for suppression of the phenotype conferred by axr1. In addition, sar1 sar3 plants accumulate polyadenylated RNA within the nucleus, indicating that SAR1 and SAR3 are required for mRNA export. Our results demonstrate the important role of the plant NPC in hormone signaling and development.