bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT ERROR CORRECTION IN BLOCK LOW-DENSITY CODES USING CODEC COMPONENTS
Authors: Хорошайлова М.В. , Свиридова И.В. , Лялин Д.В. 
Published: April 2024

на основе метода передачи суперпозиции цепей Маркова (BMST) представлен новый класс объединенных кодов с низкой плотностью проверок на четность (LDPC) для передачи на основе транспортных блоков (TБ) с целью улучшения эффективности коррекции ошибок. При кодировании предыдущие кодовые LDPC-слова, соответствующие TБ (в предыдущем временном интервале), чередуются и накладываются на текущие кодовые LDPC-слова, в результате чего получаются передаваемые кодовые слова. Для декодирования может быть использован алгоритм декодирования скользящего поля суммы-произведения или минимальной суммы, отличающийся относительно низкой задержкой декодирования. Для анализа эффективности BMST LDPC-кодов на уровне ошибки используем нижнюю границу системы передачи пакетов, использующих механизм случайного множественного доступа, которая позволяет оперативно предсказать эффективность исправления ошибок. Численные результаты показывают, что предложенные коды могут иметь производительность, приближающуюся к пропускной способности, с отрывом в 0,007 дБ от соответствующего предела Шеннона. Они также показывают, что с помощью предложенной конструкции BMST можно значительно улучшить эффективность исправления ошибок исходных блочных LDPC-кодов 5G, достигая выигрыша в кодировании до 1 дБ для каналов с аддитивным белым гауссовским шумом (АБГШ) и до 2 дБ для каналов с быстрыми замираниями
this article presents a new class of combined codes with low density parity checks (LDPC) for transmission based on transport blocks (TB) based on the Markov chain superposition transmission method (BMST) in order to improve the efficiency of error correction. During encoding, the previous LDPC code words corresponding to TB (in the previous time interval) are alternated and superimposed on the current LDPC code words, resulting in transmitted code words. For decoding, an algorithm for decoding a sliding sum-product field or a minimum sum can be used, characterized by a relatively low decoding delay. To analyze the effectiveness of BMST LDPC codes at the error level, we use the lower bound of the packet transmission system using the random multiple access mechanism, which allows us to effectively predict the effectiveness of error correction. Numerical results show that the proposed codes can have a performance approaching throughput, with a margin of 0.007 dB from the corresponding Shannon limit. They also show that using the proposed BMST design, the error correction efficiency of the original 5G block LDPC codes can be significantly improved, achieving coding gains of up to 1 dB for channels with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and up to 2 dB for channels with fast fading
Creating a Bot-tleneck for malicious AI: Psychological methods for bot detection
Authors: Rodriguez Christopher , Oppenheimer Daniel M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe standard approach for detecting and preventing bots from doing harm online involves CAPTCHAs. However, recent AI research, including our own in this manuscript, suggests that bots can complete many common CAPTCHAs with ease. The most effective methodology for identifying potential bots involves completing image-processing, causal-reasoning based, free-response questions that are hand coded by human analysts. However, this approach is labor intensive, slow, and inefficient. Moreover, with the advent of Generative AI such as GPT and Bard, it may soon be obsolete. Here, we develop and test various automated, bot-screening questions, grounded in psychological research, to serve as a proactive screen against bots. Utilizing hand coded free-response questions in the naturalistic domain of MTurkers recruited for a Qualtrics survey, we identify 18.9% of our sample to be potential bots, whereas Google’s reCAPTCHA V3 identified only 1.7% to be potential bots. We then look at the performance of these potential bots on our novel bot-screeners, each of which has different strengths and weaknesses but all of which outperform CAPTCHAs.
Analisis Kandungan Fitokimia Beberapa Jenis Makroalga Dari Perairan Pantai Londalima Kabupaten Sumba Timur
Authors: Ndahawali Suryaningsih , Tarigan Nurbety , Tega Yatris Rambu , Henggu Krisman Umbu , Meiyasa Firat 
Published: April 2024

Makroalga memiliki metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, fenol dan sebagainya, yang sudah banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai obat-obatan. Makroalga atau rumput laut banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat diperoleh dari perairan pantai Londalima yang berada di Kabupaten Sumba Timur, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kandungan senyawa dengan menggunakan analisis uji fitokimia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji kualitatif dengan beberapa pereaksi seperti reagen mayer, dragendorf dan wagner untuk uji flavonoid, sedangkan pengujian saponin, tanin, alkaloid, fenolik, steroid atau terpenoid menggunakan metode liebermann burchard. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa makroalga Gracilaria corticata teridentifikasi mengandung semua golongan senyawa yang diuji seperti flavonoid, saponin, tanin, alkaloid, fenolik dan steroid/terpenoid, hal berbeda ditunjukan Eucheuma spinosum tidak mengandung saponin, sedangkan Ulva reticulata, Sargassum muticula dan Padina australis mengandung flavonoid dan tanin. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa makroalga yang ada secara alami dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat-obatan disesuaikan dengan kandungan senyawa yang ada.
Kadar Saponin Ekstrak Buah Mangrove (Sonneratia alba) Dan Daya Hambatnya Terhadap Radikal Bebas DPPH
Authors: Labagu Repli , Naiu Asri Silvana , Yusuf Nikmawatisusanti 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar saponin dalam ekstrak buah mangrove (Sonneratia alba) hasil ekstraksi dengan pelarut berbeda, serta mengetahui daya hambat senyawa saponin terhadap radikal bebas DPPH. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini yaitu variasi pelarut,yakni methanol (P1), etanol (P2) dan air (P3). Parameter yang di uji adalah kadar saponin, yang di uji menggunakan KLT, serta daya hambatnya terhadap radikal bebas yang diuji menggunakan metode DPPH. Pengaruh variasi perbedaan pelarut terhadap kadar saponin dan daya hambat dianalisis menggunakan Anova dan di uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil uji kromatografi KLT menunjukkan bahwa kadar saponin buah S. alba menunjukkan bercak noda ikatan rangkap dua dengan nilai Rf 0,80-0,85 yang menegaskan bahwa buah S. alba mengandung saponin.Hasil analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jenis pelarut berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar saponin. S. alba yang diekstraksi dengan pelarut P1, P2, dan P3 masing-masing menghasilkan kadar saponin sebesar 20,25 mg/g, 18,80 mg/g, dan 10,65 mg/g. Daya hambat senyawa saponin dari ekstrak methanol, ekstrak etanol, dan ekstrak air buah S. alba terhadap radikal bebas DPPH berturut-turut, yaitu 60,94 %, 63,31 % dan 23,88 %.
Analysis Of Protein And Bioactivity Of Nike Fish (Awaous melanocephalus) Extract As Antioxidant
Authors: Hadju Yayurulia , Salimi Yuszda K , Bialangi Nurhayati , Ischak Netty Ino 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the protein content and activity of nike fish (Awaous melanocephalus) extract as an antioxidant. Nike fish (amphidromous goby larva) is an endemic fish of Gorontalo which is consumed as food and contains minerals, fats, carbohydrates, amino acids, and high protein. Nike fish extract uses a buffer with several components such as water, Tris HCl 0.1 M pH 8.3, NaCl 2 M, CaCl 0.01 M, 2-Mercaptoethanol 1%, and Triton X-100 0.5%. Based on qualitative analysis, Nike fish protein extract was positive through biuret, ninhydrin, xantoproteate, and Pb sulfide tests. Judging from the quantitative analysis, nike fish extract using the biuret method using UV VIS and TVB-N spectrophotometers obtained 47.60% and 0.098%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of nike fish extract using the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-pycryhydrazyl) was 20.29 mg AEAC/g (Ascorbic acid Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity). IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration) is 520 ppm at low levels but has potential as an antioxidant.
Formulasi Dan Karakteristik Cookies Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottonii Sebagai Makanan Tambahan Ibu Hamil
Authors: Mondong Betari Claudia , Sulistijowati Rieny 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis formula, kadar air, yodium dan organoleptik dari produk cookies yang disubstitusi tepung rumput laut. Analisis organoleptik secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan Rasch model, parameter kimia (kadar air dan kadar yodium) dirancang menggunakan Anova. denganperlakuan P0 (tepung rumput laut 0%), P1 (Tepung rumput laut 1,77%), P2 (tepung rumput laut 3,55%), P3 (tepung rumput laut 5,33%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai organoleptik cookies dengan substitusi rumput laut yang diminiati oleh panelis terdapat pada konsentrasi 1,77% (aroma dan tekstur) dan konsentrasi 3,55% (warna dan rasa) dengan kriteria suka. Kadar air cookies dengan substitusi tepung rumput laut telah sesuai standar SNI cookies yaitu maksimal 5%, untuk kadar yodium yang dimiliki setiap perlakuan adalah P0 (2,3 mg), P1 (4,63 mg), P2 (11,05 mg), dan P3 (17,47 mg). Cookies pada konsentrasi P2 (3,55%) memiliki yodium yang cukup tinggi serta dapat diterima oleh panelis, untuk memenuhi gizi yodium sebesar 220 mg per hari ibu hamil dapat mengkonsumsi cookies rumput laut sebanyak 20 keping.
Efektivitas Larutan Atung (Parinarium glaberimum, Hassk) Terhadap Kualitas Loin Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus albacares)
Authors: Moniharapon Trijunianto , Pattipeilohy Freddy , Moniharapon Domey Lowits 
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas larutan atung (Parinarium glaberimum, Hassk) terhadap kualitas tuna (Thunnus albacares) loin. Konsentrasi larutan atung 1% (B/V) (A1), 2% (A2), 3% (A3), 4% (A4), 5% (A5) dan 6% (A6) serta tanpa larutan atung (A7) telah dicobakan dengan parameter uji pH, Total Volatile Bases (TVB), Total Plate Count(TPC), Escherichia coli dan Salmonella. Kadar protein tuna loin perlakuan larutan atung 1 – 6% berkisar dari 20,78 – 24,35% dan tanpa atung hanya 19,11%. Nilai pH tuna loin perlakuan larutan atung 1 - 6% berkisar antara 6,50 – 6,70 dan tanpa atung 5,98. Kandungan TVB perlakuan larutan atung 1 - 6% berkisar antara 8,50 – 19,50 mg%N dan tanpa atung 29,00 mg%N. Kandungan TPC perlakuan larutan atung 1 - 6% berkisar antara 1,26 x 101 - 1,99 x 102 koloni/g dan tanpa atung 2,29 x 102 koloni/g. Kandungan Escherichia coli perlakuan larutan atung 3 - 4% berkisar antara 2,1 – 2,4 APM/g dan tanpa atung 16,5 APM g. Kandungan Salmonella semua perlakuan tidak terdeteksi atau negative.
Expanding Mars’s Climate Modeling: Interpretable Machine Learning for Modeling Mars Science Laboratory Relative Humidity
Authors: Abdelmoneim Nour , Dhuri Dattaraj B. , Atri Dimitra , Martínez Germán 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
For the past several decades, numerous attempts have been made to model the climate of Mars, with extensive studies focusing on the planet’s dynamics and climate. While physical modeling and data assimilation approaches have made significant progress, uncertainties persist in comprehensively capturing the complexities of the Martian climate. We propose a novel approach to Martian climate modeling by leveraging machine-learning techniques that have shown remarkable success in Earth climate modeling. Our study presents a deep neural network designed to model relative humidity in Gale crater, as measured by NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory “Curiosity” rover. By utilizing meteorological variables produced by the Mars Planetary Climate Model, our model accurately predicts relative humidity with a mean error of 3% and an R
2 score of 0.92 over the range of relative humidity compared. Furthermore, we present an approach to predict quantile ranges of relative humidity, catering to applications that require a range of values. To address the challenge of interpretability associated with machine-learning models, we utilize an interpretable model architecture and conduct an in-depth analysis of its decision-making processes. We find that our neural network can model relative humidity at Gale crater using a few meteorological variables, with the monthly mean surface H2O layer, planetary boundary layer height, convective wind speed, and solar zenith angle being the primary contributors. In addition to providing an efficient method for modeling climate variables on Mars, this approach can also be utilized to expand on current data sets by filling spatial and temporal gaps in observations.
Silicate Mineralogy from Vis–NIR Reflectance Spectra
Authors: Korda David , Kohout Tomáš 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The asteroid composition is the key to understanding the origin and evolution of the solar system. The composition is imprinted at specific wavelengths of the asteroid reflectance spectra. We wish to find the optimal wavelength range and step of reflectance spectra that contain sufficient information about S-complex asteroids while keeping the data volume as low as possible. We especially aim for the ASPECT instrument on board the Milani/Hera CubeSat that will observe the S-complex binary asteroid (65803) Didymos–Dimorphos. We use labeled reflectance spectra of the most common silicate found in meteorites, namely olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and their mixtures. The spectra are interpolated to various wavelength grids. We use convolutional neural networks and train them with the labeled interpolated reflectance spectra. The reliability of the network outputs is evaluated using standard regression metrics. We do not find any significant dependence between the error of the model predictions and normalization position, fineness of coverage within the 1 μm band, and wavelength step up to 50 nm. High-precision predictions of the olivine and orthopyroxene modal abundances are obtained using spectra that cover wavelengths from 750 to 1050 nm and from 750 to 1250 nm, respectively. For high-precision predictions of the olivine chemical composition, the spectra should cover wavelengths from 750 to 1550 nm. The orthopyroxene chemical composition can be estimated from spectra that cover wavelengths from 750 to 1350 nm. We design a simple web interface through which everybody can use the pretrained models.
Increased Interferon Signaling in Vaginal Tissue of Patients With Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Visser Annie , van Nimwegen Jolien F. , Wilbrink Rick , Liefers Silvia C. , van der Tuuk Karin , Mourits Marian J.E. , Diercks Gilles F.H. , Bart Joost , van der Vegt Bert , van Kempen Léon C. , Bootsma Hendrika , Kroese Frans G.M. , Verstappen Gwenny M. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveVaginal dryness is an important factor influencing sexual function in women with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). Previous studies showed a higher degree of inflammation in vaginal biopsies from patients with pSS compared to non-pSS controls. However, the molecular pathways that drive this inflammation remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory pathway activity in the vaginal tissue of patients with pSS.MethodsVaginal biopsies of 8 premenopausal patients with pSS experiencing vaginal dryness and 7 age-matched non-pSS controls were included. Expression of genes involved in inflammation and tissue homeostasis was measured using NanoString technology and validated using TaqMan Real-Time PCR. Vaginal tissue sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) and CD123 (plasmacytoid dendritic cells [pDCs]).ResultsThe most enriched pathway in vaginal biopsies from patients with pSS compared to non-pSS controls was the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway (P< 0.01). Pathway scores for Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and Notch signaling were also higher (P< 0.01 for both pathways). Conversely, transforming growth factor-β signaling and angiogenesis pathway scores were lower in pSS (P= 0.02 andP= 0.04, respectively). Differences in IFN signaling between patients with pSS and non-pSS controls were confirmed by PCR and MxA tissue staining. No CD123+ pDCs were detected in vaginal biopsies. IFN-stimulated gene expression levels correlated positively with CD45+ cell numbers in vaginal biopsies and serum anti-SSA/Ro positivity.ConclusionUpregulation of IFN signaling in vaginal tissue of women with pSS, along with its association with tissue pathology, suggests that IFNs contribute to inflammation of the vaginal wall and potentially also to clinical symptomatology (ie, vaginal dryness).
Pan American League of Associations for Rheumatology Recommendations for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Fernández-Ávila Daniel G. , Bautista-Molano Wilson , Brance María Lorena , Ávila Pedretti María Gabriela , Burgos Vargas Rubén , Díaz Coto José Francisco , Gutiérrez Luis Arturo , Gutiérrez Marwin , Giraldo Ho Enrique , Ibáñez Vodnizza Sebastián Eduardo , Jáuregui Edwin , Ocampo Vanessa , Palominos Penélope Esther , Palleiro Rivero Daniel Ruben , Andrés Quiceno Guillermo , Sommerfleck Fernando Andrés , Vega Espinoza Luis Enrique , Vega Hinojosa Oscar , Vera Barrezueta Claudia , Corbacho Inés , Cosentino Vanesa Laura , Goecke Sariego Annelise , Resende Gustavo Gomes , Saldarriaga-Rivera Lina María , Pacheco Tena Cesar Francisco , Citera Gustavo , Lozada Carlos , Ranza Roberto , Sampaio-Barros Percival D. , Schneeberger Emilce , Soriano Enrique R. ,   on behalf of the Pan American League of Associations for Rheumatology (PANLAR)
Published: April 2024

ObjectivePsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is chronic disease that compromises multiple domains and might be associated with progressive joint damage, increased mortality, functional limitation, and considerably impaired quality of life. Our objective was to generate evidence-based recommendations on the management of PsA in Pan American League of Associations for Rheumatology (PANLAR) countries.MethodsWe used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-ADOLOPMENT approach to adapt the 2019 recommendations of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology. A working group consisting of rheumatologists from various countries in Latin America identified relevant topics for the treatment of PsA in the region. The methodology team updated the evidence and synthesized the information used to generate the final recommendations. These were then discussed and defined by a panel of 31 rheumatologists from 15 countries.ResultsTheses guidelines report 15 recommendations addressing therapeutic targets, use of antiinflammatory agents and corticosteroids, treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (conventional synthetic, biologic, and targeted synthetic), therapeutic failure, optimization of biologic therapy, nonpharmacological interventions, assessment tools, and follow-up of patients with PsA.ConclusionHere we present a set of recommendations to guide decision making in the treatment of PsA in Latin America, based on the best evidence available, considering resources, medical expertise, and the patient's values and preferences. The successful implementation of these recommendations should be based on clinical practice conditions, healthcare settings in each country, and a tailored evaluation of patients.
Hospitalization and Mortality Due to Infection Among Children and Adolescents With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the United States
Authors: Roberts Jordan E. , Faino Anna , Bryan Mersine A. , Cogen Jonathan D. , Morgan Esi M. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the frequency and types of infections in hospitalized children with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), and to identify risk factors for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of youth aged 2 to 21 years using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for SLE assigned during admission to a hospital participating in the Pediatric Health Information System, a database of United States children’s hospitals, from 2009 to 2021. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to identify risk factors for ICU admission and mortality among children hospitalized with infection.ResultsWe identified 8588 children with cSLE and ≥ 1 hospitalization. Among this cohort, there were 26,269 hospitalizations, of which 13% had codes for infections, a proportion that increased over time (P= 0.04). Bacterial pneumonia was the most common hospitalized infection. In-hospital mortality occurred in 0.4% (n = 103) of cSLE hospitalizations for any indication and 2% of hospitalizations for infection (n = 60). The highest mortality rates occurred withPneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia (21%) and other fungal infections (21%). Lupus nephritis (LN) and endstage renal disease (ESRD) were associated with increased odds of ICU admission (odds ratio [OR] 1.47 [95% CI 1.2-1.8] and OR 2.40 [95% CI 1.7-3.4]) among children admitted for serious infection. ESRD was associated with higher mortality (OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.1-4.9]).ConclusionHospitalizations with ICD codes for infection comprised a small proportion of cSLE admissions but accounted for the majority of mortality. The proportion of hospitalizations for infection increased over time. LN and ESRD were risk factors for poor outcomes.
La notion de rituel dans le discours institutionnel de la Banque d’Angleterre
Authors: Harris Laurence 
Published: April 2024

L’objectif de cette contribution est de rassembler les dimensions rituelles d’ordre situationnel, discursif et lexical propres au discours spécialisé en contexte institutionnel afin de caractériser le lien entre variété spécialisée de discours et la notion de rituel. Une exploration des espaces de ce genre discursif au prisme du rituel permet d’aborder chacune de ces dimensions à la lumière des contraintes qui président à l’élaboration du genre. Des fragments lexicaux au cérémonial en passant par les mythes et les métaphores, le rituel qui accompagne l’allocution annuelle prononcée par le gouverneur de la Banque d’Angleterre à Mansion House fournit un cas d’étude propre au milieu institutionnel britannique. La perspective diachronique permet d’évaluer les formes et les fonctions de ce rituel sur une période de 77 ans. L’accumulation d’itérations successives portées par la performance rituelle confère une stabilité institutionnelle, suscite la confiance et maintient l’autorité.
Perry Mason, créateur de discours et de FASP : un regard rétrospectif à l’occasion de son 90e anniversaire
Authors: Chapon Sandrine 
Published: April 2024

Cet article est une analyse du phénomène culturel Perry Mason, créé par l’avocat/auteur Erle Stanley Gardner en 1933, et qui fit l’objet d’un reboot télévisé en 2020. L’étude, qui s’inscrit dans la dimension culturelle de la recherche en anglais de spécialité, porte sur les références intertextuelles à Perry Mason qui servent à explorer les normes qui régissent la caractérisation de ce héros. Nous proposons de montrer que les différentes réécritures permettent de revisiter le formula show en tant que genre parfois pour rendre hommage à ce personnage au statut mythique parfois pour déconstruire son caractère manichéen. Dans un second temps, nous analysons, l’influence du personnage fictif sur la communauté professionnelle des juristes. Enfin, nous montrons que cette FASP mythique a participé à la création de terminologie spécialisée qui rend les frontières entre fiction et réalité perméables.