bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical Epidural Hematoma: A Case Series Highlighting Uncommon Causes
Authors: Lee Wey Ting , Fun Joan , Yeo Yi Wen Mathew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cervical epidural hematoma (CEH) is a rare but potentially devastating condition, characterized by the accumulation of blood within the epidural space of the cervical spine, leading to spinal cord compression. While trauma and iatrogenic causes are well-documented, cases attributed to neck strain and acupuncture are uncommon. Here, we present two cases of CEH secondary to these unusual aetiologies. Both cases highlight the importance of considering uncommon causes of CEH to ensure early recognition and prompt treatment.
Case Presentations:
Case 1 is an 81-year-old lady who presented with left hemiparesis and paraesthesia following a fall with neck strain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cervical spine revealed left C3-C7 epidural haematoma with severe cord compression. In Case 2, a 35-year-old gentleman experienced sudden onset numbness and weakness in all limbs just 10 minutes after receiving acupuncture. MRI showed an epidural hematoma at the C2-C4 level. Both patients underwent immediate surgical decompression and had significant recovery.
Conclusion:
While CEH is a rare occurrence, it represents a neurosurgical emergency. Physicians must remain cognizant of the diverse aetiologies associated with CEH and the necessity for early recognition and immediate treatment.
The Microbial Communities and Metabolic Profiles of Follicular Fluid in Patients with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Jianhua , Wang Qihang , Zhang Wendan , Wang Ye , Guo Yiming , Cheng Yanbin , Jiang Honghong , Song Chunlan , Liu Yuan , Shang Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition characterized by ovarian dysfunction occurring before the age of 40, with a prevalence ranging from 1–4%. The increasing incidence of this disease has a significant impact on women's reproductive health, as well as their metabolic, skeletal, neurological, and cardiovascular systems. The causes of premature ovarian insufficiency are multifactorial, including genetic, immunological, infectious, environmental, and iatrogenic factors, with over half of the cases remaining unexplained. Whether the microbial communities and metabolites in follicular fluid, which is the direct microenvironment for oocyte survival, are related to POI has not been reported.
Methods
This study included 26 patients with premature ovarian insufficiency and 27 controls with a normal ovarian reserve who underwent in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer. Follicular fluid samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics. Correlations between microbial communities and the metabolic profile of follicular fluid were analyzed to identify key microbial communities and metabolites that might be involved in the development and progression of POI.
Results
Patients with POI exhibited significant alterations in microbial richness and diversity and metabolic profiles in their follicular fluid. The downregulation of ABC transporters and upregulation of the citrate cycle (TCA cycle) might be critical for the development and progression of POI. G-Rhodopseudomonas and g-Caulobacter were identified as key microbial genera, while L-aspartic acid, citrate, isoleucine, and cytidine were identified as key metabolites.
Conclusion
This study revealed a distinctive microbial community metabolic profile in the follicular fluid of patients with POI. These findings offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of POI and might pave the way for improved clinical outcomes for individuals suffering from this condition.
Anticipating How Rain-on-Snow Events Will Change through the 21st Century: Lessons from the 1997 New Year’s Flood Event
Authors: Rhoades Alan M. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Hatchett Benjamin J. , Diaz Héctor Inda , Rudisill William , Bass Benjamin , Dennis Eli , Heggli Anne , McCrary Rachel , McGinnis Seth , Ombadi Mohammed , Rahimi-Esfarjani Stefan R. , Slinskey Emily , Srivas Abhishekh K. , Szinai Julia , Ullrich Paul A. , Wehner Michael F. , Yates David , Jones Andrew D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The California-Nevada 1997 New Year’s flood was an atmospheric river (AR)-driven rain-on-snow (RoS) event and remains the costliest in their history. The joint occurrence of saturated soils, rainfall, and snowmelt generated inundation throughout northern California-Nevada. Although AR RoS events are projected to occur more frequently with climate change, the warming sensitivity of their flood drivers across scales remains understudied. We leverage the regionally refined mesh capabilities of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (RRM-E3SM) to recreate the 1997 New Year’s flood at a horizontal resolution of 3.5km across California, with forecast lead times of 2-4 days, and across six warming levels ranging from pre-industrial conditions to +3.5\degree{}C. We describe the sensitivity of the 1997 flood drivers to warming including AR duration and intensity, precipitation phase, intensity and efficiency, snowpack mass and energy changes, and runoff efficiency. Our findings indicate current levels of climate change negligibly influence the 1997 flood. At warming levels ≥1.7°C, AR hazard potential increases, snowpack nonlinearly decreases, antecedent soil moisture decreases (except where the snowline retreats), and runoff decreases (except in the southern Sierra Nevada where antecedent snowpack persists). Storm total precipitation increases, but at rates below warming-induced increases in saturation-specific humidity. Warming intensifies short-duration, high-intensity rainfall, particularly where snowfall-to-rainfall transitions occur. This study highlights the nonlinear tradeoffs in 21st-century RoS flood hazards with warming and provides water management and infrastructure investment adaptation considerations.
A precise and efficient updated third-order full-discretization approach for chatter stability analysis of the milling process
Authors: Yang Wen-An , Zhou Wei , Yang XueFeng , You Youpeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Stability prediction of milling is of great significance as the regenerative chatter can reduce the machining quality and limit the efficiency of productivity. The stability lobe diagrams (SLDs) are the most popular used prediction approach, which is determined by solving the delay-differential equations (DDEs) describing the milling dynamic system. In this study, a precise and efficient updated third-order full-discretization approach (PE3rdFDM) considering the analytical solution of the free vibration is proposed to determine the SLDs. In each time interval discretized, the state term is defined approximately by the third-order Hermite interpolation polynomial and the derivative values needed to conduct the Hermite interpolation are provided by the original DDEs. To handle the time-delay term, the original integral of the equation obtained by directly integrating the DDE is divided into two parts. For the part with the time delay term, the updated numerical integration formula derived in the past literature is used for approximation. Moreover, the precise integration (PI) algorithm is utilized to calculate the matrix exponentials efficiently and accurately. At last, the transition matrix is established to determine SLDs. To comprehensively appraise the performance of the proposed approach, comparisons between the proposed approach and other prediction approaches are carried out. It includes the analysis of the convergence rate, SLDs obtained by various prediction approaches in different milling conditions, analysis of time cost, the sum of absolute error (SAE), and the arithmetic mean of relative error (AMRE). The above indicators are introduced in the study to estimate the prediction accuracy of the various approaches quantitatively. The results show that the proposed approach not only has high calculation efficiency but also has high prediction accuracy. It is very suitable to carry out the stability prediction in all kinds of milling conditions.
Risk factors and a nomogram model for deep vein thrombosis in critically ill patients with sepsis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Su Jing , Tie Xin , Zhou Ran , Zou Tongjuan , Hong Maolin , Yang Lyu , Chen Xiao , Liu Xing , Yin Wanhong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is one of the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, studies on risk factors for DVT in critically ill patients with sepsis are limited, and no specific assessment tool is available for evaluating the risk of DVT in this population. We aimed to determine the risk factors of DVT and develop a simple nomogram for this vulnerable population.
Methods
In this retrospective observational study, patients with sepsis using Sepsis-3 criteria, who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2015 to May 2022, were enrolled. Patients with a diagnosis of DVT before admitting to ICU, cancer, trauma, pregnancy, surgery more than 45 minutes, or long-term use of glucocorticoids were excluded. Patients were assigned to the DVT group or non-DVT group based on the results of ultrasonography. We generated receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) to calculate the cut-off of the continuous variables. A forest plot and a nomogram were developed by multivariable logistic regression.
Results
A total of 1057 patients were finally included. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (≥ 48 years old, odds ratio (OR) = 2.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.19–4.12, P < 0.001), the use of vasoactive drugs (≥ 336 hours, OR = 5.66, 95%CI: 4.05–7.99, P < 0.001), PaO2/FiO2 (≤ 275, OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.24–2.27, P < 0.001), respiratory infection (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.02–2.06, P < 0.05), D-dimer level (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.12–2.26, P < 0.05), fibrinogen level (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.09–1.95, P < 0.05), physical prophylaxis (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.37–0.71, P < 0.001) were independently associated with DVT. There were no significant differences in the insertion of the central venous catheter (CVC) or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, duration of mechanical ventilation, stay in ICU, and length of hospitalization between the two groups, while the DVT group had a higher proportion of use of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis (61.8% vs. 47.2%, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
In critically ill patients with sepsis, physical prophylaxis was found as an independent protective factor for DVT. Advanced age, long-term use of vasoactive drugs, elevated D-dimer levels, decreased fibrinogen levels, low oxygenation index, and respiratory infection were independent risk factors for DVT.
Linking Perspectives: A Field Experiment on the Role of Multi-Layer Networks in Refugee Information Sharing
Authors: Clark Aaron Thomas , Larson Jennifer M. , Lewis Janet I. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The social networks that interconnect groups of people are often ''multi-layered"-- comprised of a variety of relationships and interaction types. Although researchers increasingly acknowledge the presence of multiple layers and even measure them separately, little is known about whether and how different layers function differently. We conducted a field experiment in twelve villages in rural Uganda that measured real multi-layer social networks and then tracked their use in response to new, discussion-provoking information about refugees. We find that people who received our information treatment discussed refugees with more people, selected discussion partners from neighbors in the multi-layer network, and used most of the layers to do so. Treatment kicked off conversations throughout the villages that also included control respondents; treated and control both selected discussion partners from their networks who shared their attitudes towards refugees and were particularly interested in the subject. Our results point to multi-layer networks of day-to-day interactions as a source of prospective discussion partners when new information arises, especially layers based on shared meals, homestead visits, and money borrowing. Furthermore, the selection of discussion partners from these networks depends less on the particular layer and more on characteristics of the tie relative to the topic at hand.
Improved weighted bidirectional FPN aquatic real-time target detection model based on cross-scale connections
Authors: Jiang Liubing , Mu Yujie , Che Li , Wu Yongman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As a pillar industry in coastal areas, aquaculture needs artificial intelligence technology to drive its economic development. This paper proposes a new method of multi-scale feature fusion and integrates it into the YOLOv5 backbone network for automated operations in the aquaculture industry. This model completes the computerized classification and detection of aquatic products, increases the industry's productivity, and fosters economic development. To provide a foundation of data for training the model, this research creates a dataset comprising 15 species of marine products. The data preprocessing section suggests an underwater image enhancement approach to raise the dataset's quality. Mosaic data augmentation is presented to enrich the dataset and bolster its features. A weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network is improved and fused into the necking network to improve the ability of multi-scale feature fusion of the network, significantly strengthening the efficiency of feature extraction of the network. Moreover, the accuracy and speed of model prediction are significantly increased by integrating the SimAM attention mechanism and introducing the FReLU activation function in the network backbone section. The comparison and ablation experiments show the suggested model's superiority and efficacy. The enhanced YOLOv5 target detection model's experimental results, verified by the mAP and FPS evaluation metrics, can achieve 0.953 and 203 frames per second. Compared to the base YOLOv5 network, the evaluation metrics improved by 0.067 and 48 frames per second, respectively. In summary, our method can quickly and accurately identify aquatic products and achieve real-time target detection of marine products, laying the foundation for developing automation systems in the aquaculture industry.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomal miR-125b-5p Suppressed Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cell Ferroptosis by Targeting P53 in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Tong Jun , Chen Yueqin , Xiang Jinjin , Yao Genhong , Huang Zhenping , Xie Zhenggao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Progressive endothelial cell injury of retinal vascular is a vital factor in diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) showed beneficial effects on DR. However, the effects of MSC-sEVs in endothelial dysfunction of DR and the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, MSC-sEVs mitigated retinal blood-retina barrier(BRB) impairment in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR by reducing ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. MSC-sEVs miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that miR-125b-5p may mediate HRMEC ferroptosis and P53 as a downstream target based on dual-luciferase reporter assays. Silencing miR-125b-5p in MSC-sEVs reversed the therapeutic effects of MSC-sEVs on rats with DR and advanced glycation end products (AGE)-treated HRMECs. Additionally, overexpression of miR-125b-5p could diminish ferroptosis in HRMECs, and this effect could be effectively reversed by overexpressing P53. This study indicated the potential therapeutic effect of MSC-sEVs on vascular endothelial function maintenance and that the delivery of sEVs carrying miR-125b-5p could prevent endothelial cell ferroptosis by inhibiting P53, thereby protecting the BRB.
Unveiling the cell dynamics during the final shape formation of the tarsus in Drosophila adult leg by live imaging
Authors: Hiraiwa Shotaro , Takeshita Shumpei , Terano Tensho , Hayashi Ryuhei , Suzuki Koyo , Tajiri Reiko , Kojima Tetsuya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Organisms display a remarkable diversity in their shapes. Although substantial progress has been made in unravelling the mechanisms that govern cell fate determination during development, the mechanisms by which fate-determined cells give rise to the final shapes of organisms remain largely unknown. This study describes in detail the process of the final shape formation of the tarsus, which is near the distal tip of the adult leg, during the pupal stage in Drosophila melanogaster. Days-long live imaging revealed unexpectedly complicated cellular dynamics. The epithelial cells transiently form the intriguing structure, which we named the Parthenon-like structure. The basal surface of the epithelial cells and localization of the basement membrane protein initially show a mesh-like structure and rapidly shrink into the membranous structure during the formation and disappearance of the Parthenon-like structure. Furthermore, macrophage-like cells are observed moving around actively in the Parthenon-like structure and engulfing epithelial cells. The findings in this research are expected to significantly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in shaping the final structure of the adult tarsus.
Analysis of Choroidal Thickness Changes in Recurrent Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Chung GyuChul , Lee Soo Jung , Pak Kang Yeun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose: To analyze changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness in patients with recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgical intervention.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for recurrent RRD from November 2019 to March 2023. Choroidal thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline, and then at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. The study analyzed the impact of various factors on choroidal thickness changes.
Results: The study included 33 patients, demonstrating a significant decrease in subfoveal choroidal thickness in the surgical eye compared to the fellow eye over a 6-month period. In the univariate analysis, changes in choroidal thickness were significantly correlated with changes in central retinal thickness (p=0.048) between 0-2 months, and with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade between 2-6 months (p=0.009) and 0-6 months(p=0.02). In the multivariate analysis, an association was found between changes in choroidal thickness from 2 to 6 months and PVR grade(p=0.006)
Conclusion: The findings indicate that surgical reattachment in eyes with recurrent RRD leads to a significant reduction in choroidal thickness. The extent of this reduction is influenced by the severity of PVR, highlighting the importance of considering PVR severity when evaluating surgical outcomes in patients with recurrent RRD.
Correlation-assisted decoy state QKD protocol with self-checking mechanism
Authors: Banerjee Supriyo , Maiti Biswajit , Saha Banani 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Ideal quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols require perfect single photon sources, detectors, and lossless channels. However, the present technology cannot ensure all of the requirements. Among the variants of practical QKD schemes, decoy state QKD in its present form approaches nearly the theoretical security. In any decoy state method, a compromise is made between the security of the key distribution and the rate of key generation by optimizing the two major protocol parameters: the number of decoy states and their relative intensities, and the length of the data string as well. Use of more number of decoy states and higher range of intensities though improve security, their optimization becomes too complex. Therefore, from practical consideration, some restrictions are to be imposed on the choice of decoy states and their intensities. In addition, the treatment of correlations among the laser pulses in security analysis is not fully understood. Normally, lack of correlations or randomness among the signal states is considered to gain security, but, in a different approach, described in the proposed protocol, additional correlation is introduced to improve key generation rate without compromising security. To do that, a one-way function is shared among the legitimate users to provide a semi-random choice of bases depending on the outcome of the receiver’s detector. The initial communication is made through a set of bits with predefined bases and intensity distribution. Then, with the help of the positive outcome of the receiver’s detector, the basis set as well as the length of the bit string for subsequent communications are computed. This results in correlation among the bases and the relative intensities of the signal states and provides a self-checking mechanism to identify eavesdropping. The security analysis of the protocol provides a low error rate and a relatively high key generation rate.
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Abdominal Aortic Calcification: NHANES 2013-2014 Study
Authors: wei ran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and aims:
The interplay between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and vascular health, notably Abdominal Aortic Calcification (AAC), is pivotal in cardiovascular risk management. This study aimed to elucidate the association between MetS and both the prevalence and severity of AAC within the NHANES 2013–2014 dataset.
Methods
Analysis encompassed 1841 participants, identifying MetS through established criteria and quantifying AAC via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Logistic regression, adjusting for demographic and health-related variables, was utilized to explore the MetS-AAC connection.
Results
The findings indicated that individuals with MetS were significantly more likely to exhibit AAC, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) demonstrating an enhanced risk for AAC presence and severity in the MetS cohort. Specifically, the likelihood of AAC increased by 1.3 times (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1–1.5, P = 0.002) in individuals with MetS, and the risk of severe AAC escalated even further (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2–1.9, P < 0.001), with MetS patients exhibiting higher AAC scores.
Conclusion
The study underscores a significant association between Metabolic Syndrome and increased prevalence and severity of Abdominal Aortic Calcification. The results advocate for rigorous monitoring and management of MetS to potentially alleviate AAC risks. Further investigations are warranted to dissect the underlying mechanisms and tailor interventions effectively.