bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Dose Intramuscular Insulin Therapy for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Dogs
Authors: Chastain C. B. , Nichols C. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seven dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis were treated initially with lactated Ringer's solution or 0.45% NaCl solution subcutaneously or intravenously and low doses of regular (crystalline) insulin administered intramuscularly every hour until the blood glucose concentration decreased to less than 250 mg/dl. For dogs weighing ≤10 kg, the initial dose was 2 units and the hourly doses were 1 unit. For dogs weighing >10 kg, the initial dosage was 0.25 units/kg of body weight, and the dosage for hourly injections was 0.1 units/kg.
The mean hourly decrease of the blood glucose concentration for all 7 dogs was 87.6 mg/dl. The mean period of treatment required was 4.1 hours. Late hypoglycemia did not develop in any dog, but the serum potassium concentration decreased 0.4 to 1.0 mEq/L.
The results suggested that low-dose intramuscular regular insulin therapy for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis is an effective alternative to conventional regular insulin therapy in dogs.
Effect of Aspirin on Aqueous Protein Values in the Dog
Authors: Brightman Alan H. , Helper Lloyd C. , Hoffman Walter E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Aqueous protein concentration, degree of miosis, and intraocular pressure were evaluated in dogs given aspirin, then subjected to aqueous paracentesis and reverse cyclodialysis. Compared with control dogs, the dogs given aspirin had less aqueous protein, but there was no difference in miosis or in intraocular pressure. The practical application of this finding is that aspirin given prior to intraocular surgery may be of value in minimizing the postoperative increase in aqueous protein content.
Zinc Sulfate Foot Bath for Control of Ovine Foot Rot
Authors: Cross R. F. , Parker C. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 10% zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) solution was used as a foot bath to control foot rot in pastured lambs. When the foot bath was placed where infected lambs would walk through it each day, clinical evidence of foot rot was greatly reduced within 15 days, and the total number of cases detected after thorough foot trimming was greatly reduced within 30 days. When the foot bath was placed under the salt feeding box, it was not effective. Feeding ZnSO4 at the rate of 0.5 to 0.75 g/head/day was not effective in controlling foot rot. Temperature and moisture conditions were favorable for foot rot transmission throughout the trials.
Evaluation of a Commercial Preparation for Oral Therapy of Diarrhea in Neonatal Calves: Administration by Suckling Versus Intubation
Authors: Cleek J. L. , Phillips R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six healthy and 6 diarrheic neonatal calves were tested for changes in plasma glucose, protein, sodium, and potassium, blood lactate, hematocrit, osmolarity, and erythrocyte fragility after a feeding by intubation or suckle of a commercial oral electrolyte solution
Significant changes (P<0.05) were observed in plasma glucose, protein, and sodium, blood lactate, and hematocrit. Potentially beneficial trends were observed in potassium concentration and erythrocyte fragility.
Overall, all groups of calves (healthy suckle, healthy intubation, sick suckle, and sick intubation) appeared to absorb beneficial quantities of nutrients, electrolytes, and fluids regardless of the method of administration.
Arterial Blood Gas and Acid-Base Values in Dogs with Various Diseases and Signs of Disease
Authors: Cornelius Larry M. , Rawlings Clarence A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Results of arterial blood gas and acid-base analysis on initial samples prior to therapy were reviewed for 220 dogs admitted to the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Acidemia or alkalemia was detected in 61 of 220 dogs (28%). The most common acid-base abnormality was metabolic acidosis (79 of 220 dogs—36%). Primary metabolic acidosis was the acid-base category associated most frequently with the combination of vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration, and the combination of polydipsia and polyuria, whereas normal mean arterial PCO2and [] values and primary metabolic acidosis were detected with equal frequency in vomiting, diarrhea, and cyanosis. Arterial hypoxemia was found most frequently in patients with restrictive respiratory tract disease (restricted lung expansion), lower respiratory tract disease, heart-worm disease, and circulatory system disease. Significantly lower (P ≤0.05) arterial pH and Po2 were detected initially in dogs that eventually died, as compared with dogs that were improved at the time of discharge from the hospital. Mean [] values also were lower initially in dogs that eventually died, as compared with those that improved, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Nasal Penicilliosis in Six Dogs
Authors: Harvey C. E. , O'Brien J. A. , Felsburg P. J. , Izenberg H. L. , Goldschmidt M. H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Six dogs with intranasal penicilliosis were treated with thiabendazole, with or without surgery. Results were satisfactory in 3 of the 6 dogs.
Pseudorabies in a Dog
Authors: Shell L. G. , Ely R. W. , Crandell R. A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Pseudorabies was diagnosed in a 5-year-old female crossbred dog by histologic examination and virus isolation. The clinical signs were depression, salivation, head pressing, and emesis. There were no gross pathologic findings. The microscopic findings in the brain stem consisted of mononuclear cell infiltrates in the leptomeninges, subarachnoid space, and neuropil. In addition, there were mononuclear cell perivascular cuffs, focal areas of gliosis, neuronal degeneration, and acidophilic intranuclear inclusions in neurons and astrocytes. Other microscopic findings were edema of lungs and fatty change in the liver. The virus was isolated from the brain and tonsils and identified by fluorescent antibody technique. Pseudorabies virus was isolated from pigs on the farm.
Atypical Hypoadrenocorticism in Three Dogs
Authors: Rogers William , Straus Justin , Chew Dennis 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three dogs with hypoadrenocorticism did not have characteristically abnormal serum concentrations of sodium, potassium, and chloride and had not been treated with glucocorticoids. Diagnosis was based on lack of adrenocortical response to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone. Clinical signs included lethargy, weakness, anorexia, vomiting, and weight loss. The cases demonstrated that the diagnosis of canine hypoadrenocorticism should not be excluded on the basis of normal serum electrolyte values.
Ownership and Veterinary Care of Pet Skunks
Authors: Bartlett Paul C. , Martin Russell J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Approximately 10% of Illinois veterinarians were mailed a questionnaire designed to measure and characterize veterinary care being received by pet skunks in Illinois. Responding private practitioners reported treating 36 skunks, vaccinating 15 skunks, and descenting 9 skunks during 1979. All of the skunks that were vaccinated for rabies received killed vaccines. Using the rate of descenting surgery as an estimate of the rate of acquisition of new pet skunks, extrapolation to the entire population of Illinois veterinarians indicated that about 111 new pet skunks were obtained in Illinois in 1979.
Persistent Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate Associated with Epiglottic Shortening in Two Horses
Authors: Haynes Peter F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate was diagnosed in 2 Thoroughbred horses examined because of decreased exercise tolerance and a respiratory noise during strenuous exercise. The persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate was caused by an epiglottis that was approximately ⅔ normal size, and thus was incapable of maintaining the soft palate in a normal subepiglottic position. Contrast pharyngography suggested a primary epiglottic abnormality. Visual assessment of the lesion was accomplished by exploratory ventral laryngotomy and endoscopy of the oropharynx per os. Surgical intervention did not appreciably improve exercise capacity.
Rabies in a Litter of Skunks Predicted and Diagnosed by Skin Biopsy
Authors: Blenden Donald C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four juvenile skunks were vaccinated against rabies, descented, and then placed in 4 different households. An illness subsequently developed in 3 of the skunks that was confirmed as rabies, by examination of biopsy specimens of muzzle skin using immunofluorescence microscopy. In 1 clinically normal skunk, the skin was found to be test-positive, predicting that rabies would develop; the signs of rabies became evident in 48 hours. The infection was considered to be field acquired rather than vaccine induced.
Acute Fatal Toxoplasmosis in Squirrels
Authors: Roher Daniel P. , Ryan Michael J. , Nielsen Svend W. , Roscoe Douglas E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two dead gray squirrels submitted to the Northeastern Research Center for Wildlife Diseases had nonsuppurative encephalitis and interstitial pneumonitis, with Toxoplasma gondii cysts and tachyzoites in many tissues. These infections have rarely been reported from gray squirrels but could mimic clinical rabies.
Vaccination-Induced Distemper in Kinkajous
Authors: Kazacos K. R. , Thacker H. L. , Shivaprasad H. L. , Burger P. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Following vaccination for distemper, using a modified live-virus vaccine developed for dogs, 2 young kinkajous (Potos flavus) developed diarrhea, then central nervous system disease. Clinical signs included myoclonus, head trembling, loss of muscular coordination, and convulsions. One kinkajou gradually recovered; the other seemed to recover, then relapsed and was euthanatized. Microscopic lesions included those of interstitial pneumonia and enteritis and multifocal lymphocytic inflammation, gliosis, spongiosis, and swollen and degenerating axons in the cerebral, cerebellar, and brain stem white matter. Similar lesions were found at all spinal cord levels, with the most severe lesions caudally, as exemplified by complete destruction of the dorsal funiculi and dorsal horns of the gray matter of the upper sacral cord segments. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions were seen histologically in the glia in the spinal cord, midbrain, and cerebellum, and were confirmed as canine distemper viral inclusions by the fluorescent antibody method. It was concluded that modified live canine distemper virus vaccines should be used with caution or not at all in kinkajous.
Response of Gray Foxes to Modified Live-Virus Canine Distemper Vaccines
Authors: Halbrooks Ralph Douglas , Swango Larry J. , Schnurrenberger Paul R. , Mitchell Frank E. , Hill Edward P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten gray foxes seronegative for canine distemper virus were vaccinated with 1 of 3 commercial modified live-virus canine distemper vaccines. Of 5 foxes receiving vaccine A (chicken tissue culture origin), 4 developed significant titers (≥1:100) of neutralizing antibody to canine distemper virus and remained clinically normal after vaccination. Two of 3 foxes vaccinated with vaccine B (canine cell line origin) and both foxes receiving vaccine C (canine cell line origin) died of vaccine-induced distemper. Five unvaccinated control foxes died of distemper after a known occasion for contact transmission of virus from a fox vaccinated with vaccine B. The results suggested that the chicken tissue culture origin modified live-virus canine distemper vaccine is probably safe for normal adult gray foxes, whereas the canine cell origin vaccines are hazardous. The results of this study tended to corroborate anecdotal experiences of veterinarians who have observed that gray foxes frequently die from distemper soon after vaccination with modified live-virus canine distemper vaccines.
Lymphosarcoma in an Eastern King Snake and a Rhinoceros Viper
Authors: Jacobson Elliott , Calderwood Maron B. , French Tracy W. , Iverson William , Page Douglas , Raphael Bonnie 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An antemortem diagnosis of lymphosarcoma was made in a captive Eastern king snake and a rhinoceros viper. The Eastern king snake died on the 1st day after biopsy of a liver nodule, and necropsy revealed multiple tumor nodules throughout all major organ systems. The rhinoceros viper died after chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside. The major gross lesion was a large paracolonic coelomic tumor that extended into the adjacent musculature and subcutaneous tissue of the lateral abdominal wall. The immediate cause of death of the rhinoceros viper was believed to be severe renal tubular necrosis.
Ventral decompression for caudal cervical disk herniation in large- and giant-breed dogs
Authors: Chambers Jonathan N. , Oliver John E. , Kornegay Joe N. , Malnati George A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ventral decompression was evaluated as a treatment for cervical disk protrusion in large- and giant-breed dogs. All of the dogs improved after ventral decompression. After a follow-up period averaging 16 months, half of the dogs were clinically normal and the other half were functional pets despite minor residual proprioceptive deficits. Ventral decompression alone appeared to be an acceptable treatment for dogs not having other radiographic signs of caudal cervical spondylopathy.
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with sulfonamide therapy in dogs
Authors: Morgan Rhea V. , Bachrach Alan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During a 4-year period, keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed in 14 dogs treated with sulfonamides (13, sulfasalazine; 1, sulfadiazine and trimethoprim). Diagnosis was made in 3 dogs by clinical signs and in 11 by evaluation of the Schirmer tear test. Management of the problem included discontinuance of the sulfonamide, then use of ophthalmic preparations topically and antibiotics systemically. Pilocarpine was administered orally and topically to 11 dogs, with variable success. Lacrimation remained inadequate in 10 dogs and returned to normal in 3. One dog was lost to follow-up. Parotid salivary duct transpositions were performed in 3 dogs (in 2 successfully) with severe, unresponsive keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
Infections with Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Leptospira interrogans, serovars grippotyphosa and ballum, in a kennel of Foxhounds
Authors: Cole J. R. , Songster L. T. , Sulzer C. R. , Pursell A. R. , Ellinghausen H. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and ballum were isolated from kidney and urine of an American Foxhound pup. The pup was from a litter of 12, all of which were unthrifty. Titers for serovar grippotyphosa in pups from the litter ranged from 200 to 6,400, and 23 of 36 adult dogs in the kennel had titers to that serovar. None of the sera was tested for antibodies to serovar ballum. Leptospires were not isolated from or observed in 2 littermates and 1 penmate, but gram-positive organisms morphologically compatible with Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected in their brains and kidneys.
Medical management of congestive heart failure in a horse
Authors: Brumbaugh Gordon W. , Thomas William P. , Hodge Thomas G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 4-year-old Quarter Horse gelding with atrial fibrillation, mitral regurgitation, and signs of bilateral congestive heart failure was initially treated iv with digoxin and furosemide. After parenteral digitalization, a daily maintenance dose of digoxin was administered orally at a rate of 21.7 μg/kg of body weight. At this dosage, a steady-state serum digoxin concentration of 2.3 ng/ml was achieved without clinical signs of toxicosis. The furosemide dosage was decreased and eventually discontinued as clinical improvement occurred. Clinical signs of congestive heart failure were controlled and sinus rhythm was intermittently established, but an unfavorable prognosis was given for future athletic work. After 35 days of therapy, cardiac catheterization was performed and the horse was euthanatized. At necropsy there was marked dilatation of all cardiac chambers, mitral valve fibrosis, and left atrial jet lesions.
The response of this patient suggested that orally administered digoxin may be useful in the management of congestive heart failure in selected equine patients.
Effect of diet on the oral glucose tolerance test in the horse
Authors: Jacobs K. A. , Bolton J. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of altering the diet during the week preceding the administration of an oral glucose tolerance test was studied in 7 horses. The results indicated that substantially lower oral glucose tolerance test curves are observed in horses fed a stable diet comprised of oat hay, a commercially prepared complete feed, and oat and alfalfa chaff, when compared with the curves for horses grazing clover and kikuyu pasture. It was concluded that, in utilizing the oral glucose tolerance test to assess small intestinal function in the horse, it may be necessary to consider the dietary history.
Radioisotope imaging for the evaluation of thyroid neoplasia and hypothyroidism in a dog
Authors: Branam J. Edward , Leighton Robert L. , Hornof William J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An 11-year-old dog was diagnosed as having concurrent unilateral follicular thyroid carcinoma and hypothyroidism. Radioisotope imaging with technetium 99m as sodium pertechnatate identified the extent of thyroid tissue involvement. A combination of surgical resection and hormonal supplementation resulted in a favorable clinical response.
Infectious agents associated with neonatal calf disease in southwestern Idaho and eastern Oregon
Authors: Bulgin Marie S. , Anderson Bruce C. , Ward Alton C. S. , Evermann James F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Over a 2-year period, 296 episodes of disease involving 226 l-to-60-day-old calves were referred to the Caldwell Veterinary Teaching Center. Infectious disease agents were found in 96% of the cases.
Salmonella spp were the most frequently isolated agents from dairy calves, whereas coronavirus was the agent most commonly associated with diarrhea in beef calves. Multiple agents were found in 20% of the dairy calves and in 12% of the beef calves.
Salmonella dublin, which is associated with severe disease in man, made up a large percentage of the Salmonella spp isolated (40%).
In vitro drug sensitivities indicated that a high percentage of Salmonella and Escherichia coli were resistant to drugs, especially to the drugs commonly used to treat calf diarrhea.
Cryptosporidiosis in Idaho lambs: Natural and experimental infections
Authors: Anderson Bruce C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in lambs of a farm flock and an orphan-lamb rearing operation and in a hospitalized lamb. The clinical course was brief, with mild diarrhea and oocyst shedding during the diarrheic episode. Feces from the hospitalized lamb were used to reproduce the disease. Diarrhea and oocyst shedding occurred in inoculated lambs and their contact twin siblings but not in uninoculated noncontact control lambs or in inoculated ewes.
Limb deformities in foals associated with ingestion of locoweed by mares
Authors: McIlwraith C. Wayne , James Lynn F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Five of 26 pregnant mares observed ingesting locoweed (Astragalus mollisimus) subsequently aborted and another 10 produced foals with various limb deformities. Seven of the foals had deformities of a flexion-extension type and 3 had angular deformities. Four foals were normal. The limb deformities either resolved spontaneously (5 cases) or were treated successfully (in 4 of the other 5 cases). The problems of abortion and limb deformities were attributed to locoweed ingestion on the basis of the mares having eaten the plants, and the similarity of the syndrome to that previously reported in sheep and cattle.
Clinical and clinicopathologic features of transport tetany of feedlot lambs
Authors: Lucas M. J. , Huffman E. M. , Johnson L. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Clinical and clinicopathologic features of transport tetany in 9 feedlot lambs were investigated. The lambs became recumbent within 10 days after arrival in the feedlot. The mean serum calcium concentration, mean magnesium concentration, and calcium:phosphorus ratio were significantly (P<0.01) less in affected lambs than in 6 unaffected lambs from the same feedlot. The mean serum phosphorus concentration was significantly (P<0.05) greater in the group of affected lambs.
High activities of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase in the serum of affected lambs indicated muscle necrosis, which was confirmed by histologic examination. Blood pH, , and total carbon dioxide were significantly greater in affected lambs (P<0.01) than in unaffected lambs.
Dermatitis in horses and man caused by the straw itch mite
Authors: Kunkle A. , Greiner E. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An episode of dermatitis in 12 horses and many animal handlers in the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of Florida was attributed to the straw itch mite, Pyemotes tritici. The mite was found in abundance alfalfa hay that recently had been delivered to the hospital. Papules were the most common cutaneous lesions, and these developed on areas of the body to which the mites had easiest access. The clinical course was self-limiting, remitting when the hay supply was depleted.
A bluetongue epizootic in northwestern United States
Authors: Parish S. M. , Evermann J. F. , Olcott B. , Gay C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During the summer and fall of 1980, an epizootic of bluetongue occurred in ruminants in the Northwest. Numerous virus isolates from affected sheep were identified as bluetongue virus serotype 10. High morbidity and mortality were observed in several flocks and may have been associated with concurrent internal parasite and nutritional problems. A high percentage of the cattle in the area were infected, as evidenced by a high prevalence of seropositive animals determined by agar gel immunodiffusion testing, but clinical disease was minimal.
Diagnosis and treatment of acute mastitis in a large dairy herd
Authors: Anderson K. L. , Smith A. R. , Gustafsson B. K. , Spahr S. L. , Whitmore H. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a 270-cow dairy herd, milk samples from all cows with acute mastitis were cultured during a 12- month period. Of 119 isolates (from 166 quarters), 49% were gram-positive organisms, 39% were gram-negative organisms, and 12% were yeasts. Of all samples from cows with acute mastitis, 40% failed to produce colonies on culture media.
Recovery of the common gram-positive pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus (11% of isolations) and Streptococcus agalactiae (1% of isolations), was rather low. However, S epidermidis (14% of isolations) and streptococci other than Str agalactiae (9% of isolations) were recovered more frequently than expected, particularly in recently calved cows. Coliform organisms accounted for 35% of the total isolates and were the single most important cause of acute mastitis. Of 42 cows with coliform mastitis, 6 died despite intensive antibiotic and electrolyte therapy. There was no death loss among cows with mastitis caused by gram-positive organisms.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of 95 isolates to 11 antimicrobials was determined by standardized methods. Organisms were most often susceptible to chloramphenicol, cephalothin, and gentamicin.
A treatment regimen consisting primarily of oxytetracycline and/or sulfonamides systemically in conjunction with intramammary infusions of cephapirin was evaluated. Treatment response in 37 quarters was determined by culturing before treatment and at 4 or more days after treatment. Of 23 quarters initially culture-positive, 22 were negative on reculture. Treatment response appeared to agree with the results of the susceptibility testing.