bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic characterization of members of the genusContracaecum(Nematoda: Anisakidae) from fish-eating birds from west-central Florida, USA, with evidence of new species
Authors: D'AMELIO S. , BARROS N. B. , INGROSSO S. , FAUQUIER D. A. , RUSSO R. , PAGGI L. 
Published: March 2007

SUMMARYSpecimens ofContracaecumspp. fromPhalacrocorax auritusandPelecanus occidentalisfrom Florida were characterized by sequencing of the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene (rrnS) and by PCR-based RFLP analysis of the same gene and of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Analyses of therrnSsequence data using the MP and UPGMA approaches yielded trees with similar topologies, delineating 3 main clusters. Specimens fromPh. auritus, morphologically assigned toC. rudolphii(s.l.), were part of the cluster comprising also the other 2 species of theC. rudolphiicomplex (A and B), but representing a genetically distinct group, potentially corresponding to a distinct lineage within the complex, provisionally named asC. rudolphiiC. The second cluster comprised 5 individuals fromP. occidentalis, which formed a genetically relatively homogeneous group. TherrnSdata indicate that these specimens (indicated asContracaecumsp. 1) are clearly genetically different from the morphologically most closely related species, i.e.C. rudolphii(s.l.) andC. microcephalum, and could represent a new species. The third cluster comprised 7 specimens fromP. occidentalismorphologically assigned toC. multipapillatum(s.l.). These were shown to be genetically homogeneous and related to but quite distinct fromC. multipapillatumfrom Greece, although additional studies are needed to assess their status. PCR-RFLP based markers for the quick identification of these taxa are provided.
Organic Material Debuts as Both an Injection Laser and a Superconductor
Authors: Levi Barbara Goss 
Published: March 2007

It's rare that a conference talk will sweep an audience off its feet, but those who heard Bertram Batlogg of Bell Labs address the International Conference on Synthetic Metals (ICSM) in Bad Gastein, Austria, this past July were reportedly blown away by what he had to say. Batlogg's group had achieved the long-sought goal of making an electrically pumped injection laser from an organic material, specifically tetracene. Furthermore, the team had also shown that the same tetracene crystals could be made to superconduct, with a critical temperature of a few degrees kelvin. But perhaps the most intriguing aspect of both demonstrations was the elegant and novel technique that the Bell Labs team had devised for adding charge: Rather than chemically doping their crystal, the experimenters injected charge through a field-effect-transistor arrangement, adding enough charge to convert the normally insulating tetracene crystal into a metal and even a superconductor. The control exerted by these experimenters over the current density allows them to study different regimes of behavior, as they did recently in exploring the fractional quantum Hall effect in tetracene and pentacene.
The following news story reports on work that has since been discredited. An independent committee commissioned by Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, found evidence of scientific misconduct in the papers on which it was based (see Physics Today, November 2002, page 15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1534995). The authors have withdrawn the papers in questions.
Author's version vs. publisher's version: an analysis of the copy‐editing function
Authors: WATES Edward , CAMPBELL Robert 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis report describes an informal study carried out by Blackwell Publishing to assess whether the copy‐editing and proof‐correction process alone results in a significant difference between the author's version and the publisher's version of an article accepted for publication. One hundred and eighty‐nine articles were reviewed from 23 journals. The results indicate that a substantial number of changes are made. It is suggested that copy‐editing has an equal role to play in both the printed and online environments, and that in the latter it contributes substantially to the accuracy of the electronic version. Copy‐editing is therefore an important function within the publisher's overall responsibility towards the integrity of the article of record.
Researchers' use and perceptions of discovery services
Authors: JUBB Michael , LOOK Hugh , SPARKS Sue 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis article describes a study investigating how academic researchers in the UK use discovery services to find different kinds of information resources relevant to their research. The study shows that they use a very wide range of services, from Google to highly specialized databases, to find information relevant to different stages in their research. Researchers treat searching an integral part of the research process; their central concern is that they might miss something, and they tend to refine down from a large set of search results. Most are confident in their skills, though librarians see them as conservative in the tools they use and unsophisticated in their methods. Finally, we point to some gaps in provision as reported by researchers.
Intramuscular Neurilemoma of the Lower Limb
Authors: Bombaci Hasan , Kilicoglu Gamze , Gorgec Mucahit 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

Objectives:
Neurilemoma (schwannoma) is a benign tumor of peripheral nerves, usually arising from spinal nerve roots or larger peripheral nerves. We report a case of intramuscular neurilemoma in the quadriceps femoris muscle, which is a rare site for this tumor. Diagnostic appearance and differential diagnosis are discussed.
An Older Female With Chronic Fluctuating Weakness
Authors: Holt Anthony E , Mitchell Christopher W , Maccarino Sue , Bertorini Tulio E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract

Educational Objectives:
To discuss a case of fluctuating and slowly progressive weakness in an older female.

Key Questions:
1) What is the differential diagnosis of longstanding fluctuating weakness? 2) How would one approach diagnostic testing for such a patient? 3) What is the treatment for this patient?
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Creatine in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Wong Brenda L , Hynan Linda S , Iannaccone Susan T 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine whether oral creatine produces positive changes in any of 4 outcomes in children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Methods:
The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on 55 patients aged 2-18 years with SMA. Patients aged younger than 5 years received 2 g/day of creatine/placebo for 6 months. Patients aged 5 years and older received 5 g/day. The primary outcome measure was the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Secondary outcome measures were Quantitative Muscle Testing (QMT), Parent Questionnaire for the PedsQL™ Neuromuscular Module (QOL), and Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT).

Results:
Forty of the 55 patients completed the protocol. There was no significant difference in the 4 outcome measures between creatine and placebo groups.

Conclusions:
Under the experimental conditions of our study, creatine supplementation for 6 months did not improve motor function, muscle strength, pulmonary function, or quality of life in children with SMA,
Reduced protein expression of metastasis‐related genes (nm23, KISS1, KAI1 and p53) in lymph node and liver metastases of gastric cancer
Authors: Guan‐zhen Yu , Ying Chen , Can‐rong Ni , Guo‐dong Wang , Jian‐xin Qian , Jie‐jun Wang 
Published: March 2007

SummaryPurpose:  Metastasis remains an incurable common complication in patients with gastric cancer. A variety of theories have been proposed to explain the inefficiency of the metastatic process. To compare protein expression of metastasis‐related genes (nm23, KISS1, KAI1 and p53) between primary tumours and metastatic tumours may be useful in illustrating these theories.Methods:  Metastasis‐related tissue microarrays (including normal tissues, primary tumours, nodal metastases and liver metastases) were constructed. The protein expression of nm23, KISS1, KAI1 and p53 in lymph node and liver metastases from advanced gastric cancer specimens was mainly examined by immunohistochemical staining in relation to primary tumours.Results:  Immunohistochemical staining showed reduced protein expression of nm23, KISS1 and KAI1 in lymph node and liver metastases compared with primary tumours. Results for p53 were to the contrary.Conclusions:  Our investigations revealed a tendency of reduced protein expression of metastasis suppressor genes nm23, KISS1 and KAI1 in gastric cancer with the progress of metastasis. This means that the progression theory is an important determinant of metastatic efficiency.
Neuromyelitis optica following CMV primo‐infection
Authors: Tran C. , Du Pasquier R. A. , Cavassini M. , Guex‐Crosier Y. , Meuli R. , Ciuffreda D. , Waeber G. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract.We report the case of an acute optic neuromyelitis with rhabdomyolysis in a 34‐year‐old immunocompetent transsexual patient following a recent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The combination of optic neuropathy and myelopathy is recognized as Devic's syndrome. Clinical presentation was unusual as the recent CMV infection induced rhabdomyolysis and was the suspected trigger of neuromyelitis.
Transfusion of red blood cells: no impact on length of hospital stay in moderately anaemic parturients
Authors: Palo R. , Ahonen J. , Salo H. , Salmenperä M. , Krusius T. , Mäki T. 
Published: March 2007

Background:  In a search for information to improve decision making on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, we examined the impact of RBC transfusion on the length of hospital stay for delivery in moderately anaemic women (haemoglobin, 7–10 g/dl).Methods:  This was a retrospective, observational study covering 2 years (2002 and 2003), and included major blood‐transfusing hospitals from four university and five central hospital districts managing 67.5% of Finnish in‐hospital deliveries. The impact of the transfusion of 1–2 RBC units vs. no transfusion on the length of hospital stay was evaluated for three different haemoglobin levels: 7–7.9, 8–8.9 and 9–10 g/dl.Results:  Of the 1954 moderately anaemic mothers in hospital for delivery, 13.3% were transfused with RBC. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.2 days vs. the average Finnish hospital delivery stay of 3.5 days. No differences in stay were found between patients with comparable anaemia transfused with 1–2 RBC units or none (at the three haemoglobin levels: P= 0.50, P= 0.07 and P= 0.54, respectively). The final haemoglobin value was higher (P < 0.001) in transfused patients.Conclusion:  The duration of admission for delivery in moderately anaemic parturients was longer than the average length of hospital stay in Finnish parturients. However, 1–2 RBC units had no impact on the length of stay, suggesting that unnecessary RBCs are transfused after delivery. Thus, transfusion practices in obstetrics are not always optimal.
Long‐term outcome of elderly patients requiring intensive care admission for abdominal pathologies: survival and quality of life*
Authors: Merlani P. , Chenaud C. , Mariotti N. , Ricou B. 
Published: March 2007

Background:  Medical developments have allowed the management of patients aged over 70 years with severe abdominal pathologies requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. These patients require enhanced life support and present a high ICU mortality. We investigated the outcome and quality of life (QOL) of elderly patients 2 years after their ICU stay for abdominal pathologies.Methods:  Patients aged 70 years or over with abdominal pathologies, admitted to our ICU over a period of 2 years, were included. Two years following their ICU stay, a letter informed the patients about the present study. Consent to participate was obtained by telephone. QOL was assessed by the Euro‐QOL and Short Form‐36 questionnaires. Other patient‐centered outcomes were evaluated.Results:  Overall, 2780 patients were admitted to the ICU during the study period; 141 (5%) patients were eligible; 112 of the 141 (79%) survived their ICU stay, 95 (67%) survived their hospital stay and 52 (37%) were alive 2 years after their ICU stay; 36 of the 52 survivors (69%) answered the questionnaire. Their QOL 2 years after their ICU stay was decreased in comparison with an age‐matched population. Eighty‐one per cent of patients lived at home and 57% were totally independent. They perceived their ICU stay as positive and 75% stated that they would agree to go through intensive care again. Factors associated with 2‐year survival were the absence of co‐morbidity, absence of malignancy and a lower Simplified Acute Physiology II score on ICU admission.Conclusions:  A high mortality rate and a decrease in QOL were observed in elderly patients with severe abdominal pathologies. Nonetheless, these patients were able to adapt well to their physical disabilities.
Low concentrations of inhaled nitric oxide do not improve oxygenation in patients with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Melsom M. N. , Flatebø T. , Nicolaysen G. 
Published: March 2007

Background:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway narrowing that is most frequently inhomogeneously distributed. Ventilation/perfusion (V̇/Q̇) mismatch may explain much of the hypoxemia in patients with advanced disease. A potential treatment strategy would be to redistribute blood flow to well‐ventilated lung regions in order to decrease V̇/Q̇ mismatch. It has been suggested that inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in physiologic concentrations (∼ 100 p.p.b.) could act as a local vasodilating agent in well‐ventilated lung regions. To test this, we included 10 volunteer patients with very severe COPD in this study.Methods:  NO was mixed with O2 and N2 and administered through a face mask. The partial pressure of inspired oxygen (Pio2) did not change by more than ± 0.5 kPa from the room air value. NO was given in 15‐min periods at concentrations of ∼ 0, ∼ 40, ∼ 400, ∼ 4000 and ∼ 40,000 p.p.b. (random order). During each NO exposure, arterial blood gases, methemoglobin and systemic blood pressure were measured every fifth minute.Results:  None of the patients reported subjective effects of the different gas mixtures. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (Pao2) did not change by more than ± 1.2 kPa from the baseline value, and there was no correlation between the change in Pao2 and iNO concentration. No significant changes were found in blood pressure or methemoglobin during iNO.Conclusion:  No significant effect of iNO at concentrations up to 40,000 p.p.b. in inspired gas was found on arterial blood gases. This indicates that neither low nor high concentrations of iNO improve oxygenation in patients with very severe COPD.
Mycological evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage in cats with respiratory signs from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Leme L. R. P. , Schubach T. M. P. , Santos I. B. , Figueiredo F. B. , Pereira S. A. , Reis R. S. , Mello M. F. V. , Ferreira A. M. R. , Quintella L. P. , Schubach A. O. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryTwenty‐three cats with respiratory signs who had domiciliary contact with cats with sporotrichosis were studied. Sneezing was the predominant extracutaneous sign. Twelve cats had no skin lesions and 11 had ulcerated skin lesions. Mycological culture of material obtained from the nasal cavity, oral cavity, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and skin lesions, when present, was performed for all cats. In the case of autopsy, lung fragments were cultured.Sporothrix schenckiiwas isolated from four of the 12 cats without skin lesions: BAL (one cat) and oral and/or nasal cavity (three cats). The latter three animals developed nasal and distant skin lesions within the following 2–4 weeks. The cat withS. schenckiiisolated from BAL did not develop skin lesions or lower respiratory tract symptoms during the 6 months of follow‐up.S. schenckiiwas isolated from one or more biological samples of all 11 cats with skin lesions: oral cavity (five), nasal cavity (eight), BAL fluid (four), skin lesions (eight), and blood culture (one). No yeast‐like structures were observed upon BAL cytology in any of the 23 cats. The results suggest thatS. schenckiican cause infection of skin contiguous to the natural facial orifices through colonisation of the mucosal surfaces of the upper airways.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: the disease spectrum in 27 patients
Authors: Mohindra Sandeep , Mohindra Satyawati , Gupta Rahul , Bakshi Jaimanti , Gupta Sunil Kumar 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe variable forms of clinical complaints, findings and time interval of presentation in 27 cases of mucormycosis have been described, which were encountered over a span of 8 years. The previous concept about this fungal infection attacking chronic, debilitated, immunocompromised patients does not appear to hold true. Seven of the 27 patients (22.2%) did not reveal any predisposing factors and their outcome of 42.9% survival seems to be poorer than the total outcome (66.7%). ‘Chronic form’ of disease presentation, the definition of which is still not delineated, was encountered in four patients (14.8%). Again, the outcome was not significantly different from the total survival. Burr‐hole tap of an intracranial abscess revealing mucor in a 2‐month‐old infant has been described. Even in the present era, extranasal exenteration of sinuses along with disfiguring orbital exenteration is required to ensure satisfactory surgical debridement. Control of the underlying predisposing illness, along with the aggressive surgical debridement and the parenteral administration of amphotericin B, remains the treatment essentials even today.
Antifungal activity of the silver ion against contaminated fabric
Authors: Jung Woo Kyung , Kim So Hyun , Koo Hye Cheong , Shin Sook , Kim Jun Man , Park Young Kyung , Hwang Sun Young , Yang Hyesoon , Park Yong Ho 
Published: March 2007

SummaryAn anti‐fungal efficacy test of the silver laundry machine, which electrically generates silver ions, was carried out against four fungi –Trichophyton rubrum,Candida albicans,Microsporum canisandAspergillus flavus– which cause major fungal infection in humans and animals. Compared with the conventional laundry machine, washing with the silver laundry machine regardless of detergent use was effective against most of the fungi with about 4 log10(CFU ml−1) reduction and eliminated almost all the fungi when using the detergent. Moreover, the cleaning activity of the silver laundry machine with detergent was higher than that of the conventional laundry machine with detergent both after wash and after final spin step against all four examined fungi. The silver laundry machine may be useful in preventing skin irritation caused by fungi‐contaminated fabric in the hospital and in the home.
An integrated methodology for separating closure and residual stress effects from fatigue crack growth rate data
Authors: DONALD J. KEITH , LADOS DIANA A. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTTo properly interpret the results of standard fatigue crack growth tests it is often necessary to incorporate corrective techniques to the ΔK applied data. This is especially true in the near‐threshold regime where long crack data need to be closure corrected to predict small crack behaviour. It is also an issue in the presence of residual stress. A methodology to separate the influence of sample size, geometry, crack length and residual stress from the standard crack growth test data to obtain a true material response is presented. Stress ratio and residual stress contributions from known combinations of assumed crack size, applied stress and residual stress are also addressed and incorporated in the fatigue crack growth behaviour.
A literature survey on the stability and significance of residual stresses during fatigue
Authors: McCLUNG R. C. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTMany manufacturing processes can induce residual stresses in components. These residual stresses influence the mean stress during cyclic loading and so can influence the fatigue life. However, the initial residual stresses induced during manufacturing may not remain stable during the fatigue life. This paper provides a broad and extensive literature survey addressing the stability of surface and near‐surface residual stress fields during fatigue, including redistribution and relaxation due to static mechanical load, repeated cyclic loads, thermal exposure and crack extension. The implications of the initial and evolving residual stress state for fatigue behaviour and life prediction are addressed, with special attention to fatigue crack growth. This survey is not a critical analysis; no detailed attempt is made to evaluate the relative merits of the different explanations and models proposed, to propose new explanations or models or to provide quantitative conclusions. Primary attention is given to the residual stresses resulting from four major classes of manufacturing operations: shot peening and related surface treatments, cold expansion of holes, welding and machining.
Colourful coexistence of red and green picocyanobacteria in lakes and seas
Authors: Stomp Maayke , Huisman Jef , Vörös Lajos , Pick Frances R. , Laamanen Maria , Haverkamp Thomas , Stal Lucas J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHutchinson's paradox of the plankton inspired many studies on the mechanisms of species coexistence. Recent laboratory experiments showed that partitioning of white light allows stable coexistence of red and green picocyanobacteria. Here, we investigate to what extent these laboratory findings can be extrapolated to natural waters. We predict from a parameterized competition model that the underwater light colour of lakes and seas provides ample opportunities for coexistence of red and green phytoplankton species. To test this prediction, we sampled picocyanobacteria of 70 aquatic ecosystems, ranging from clear blue oceans to turbid brown peat lakes. As predicted, red picocyanobacteria dominated in clear waters, whereas green picocyanobacteria dominated in turbid waters. We found widespread coexistence of red and green picocyanobacteria in waters of intermediate turbidity. These field data support the hypothesis that niche differentiation along the light spectrum promotes phytoplankton biodiversity, thus providing a colourful solution to the paradox of the plankton.
Tolerability and efficacy of duloxetine in a nontrial situation
Authors: Duckett JRA , Vella M , Kavalakuntla G , Basu M 
Published: March 2007

Objective  To assess the tolerability and efficacy of duloxetine in a nontrial situation.Design  Prospective observational study.Setting  Urogynaecology Unit, District General Hospital, UK.Population  Two hundred and twenty‐two women with a diagnosis of urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) or mixed USI and detrusor overactivity (DOA) took duloxetine for 4 weeks.Methods  The results of therapy were assessed with a Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) questionnaire. One hundred and forty‐eight (67%) women were initially treated with 40 mg twice a day, 67 (30%) women were treated with an escalating dose initially at 20 mg twice a day increasing to 40 mg twice a day after 2 weeks and seven (3%) women were started on a dose of 20 mg twice a day which they continued.Main outcome measures  Discontinuation rates and PGI‐I scores.Results  Overall 146/222 (66%) women discontinued therapy due to adverse effects or lack of efficacy. Significantly more women starting on the 40 mg twice a day dose stopped due to adverse effects when compared with the escalating dose (P < 0.025). Of the women who tolerated therapy, 80 out of 120 (67%) had a PGI‐I score indicating an improvement. However, the overall rate of improvement was 37%. PGI‐I scores and discontinuation rates were not significantly different between the group with USI and the group with mixed USI and DOA (P > 0.05).Conclusion  In a nontrial situation duloxetine is poorly tolerated. Introducing an escalating dose may improve tolerability. A similar number of women with USI and mixed incontinence had a PGI‐I score indicating improvement.