bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colon cancer: Trials, results, techniques (LAP and HALS), future
Authors: Young‐Fadok Tonia M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLaparoscopic resection of colon cancer became mired in controversy when it appeared that the technique might be associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence within the surgical incisions. This was not a uniform finding among all surgeons, however, and other evidence suggested that this did not occur in experienced hands. Thus were born several randomized controlled trials of laparoscopic versus open colectomy for cancer in the early and mid‐1990s. These trials came to maturity between 2002 and 2006 and form the basis of this review. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:651–659. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photodynamic inactivation of Enterococcus faecalis in dental root canals in vitro
Authors: Foschi Federico , Fontana Carla R. , Ruggiero Karriann , Riahi Reza , Vera Antonio , Doukas Apostolos G. , Pagonis Tom C. , Kent Ralph , Stashenko Philip P. , Soukos Nikolaos S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe previously reported the use of a flexible fiber optic that uniformly distributed light in the root canal space for targeting bacteria after their sensitization with methylene blue (MB). In the present study, we investigated the photodynamic effects of MB on Enterococcus faecalis species in experimentally infected root canals of extracted teeth after their sensitization with a concentration of MB that exhibits reduced dark toxicity.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn a model of root canal infection, 64 root canal specimens were prepared from extracted, single‐rooted teeth and inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). Three days later root canal infection was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The root canal systems were then incubated with 6.25 µg/ml MB for 5 minutes followed by exposure to light at 665 nm (60 J/cm2) that was delivered from a diode laser via a fiber optic with a diameter of 500 µm. Following photodynamic therapy (PDT) the canal content was sampled by flushing the root canals, serially diluted and cultured on blood agar. Survival fractions were calculated by counting colony‐forming units. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine the porphyrins content of E. faecalis.ResultsScanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of bacteria in the root canal system. PDT achieved 77.5% reduction of E. faecalis viability. MB alone and light alone reduced bacterial viability by 19.5% and 40.5%, respectively. HPLC did not reveal any porphyrin patterns expressed by E. faecalis.ConclusionThe results of this study support the need to determine the optimum MB concentration and light parameters to maximize bacterial killing in root canals. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:782–787, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional reconstruction of traumatic loss of flexors in forearm with gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap transfer
Authors: Fan Cunyi , Jiang Peizhu , Fu Lin , Cai Peihua , Sun Luyuan , Zeng Bingfang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractReconstruction of flexor function of forearm remains a challenge in the reconstructive surgery. With development of microsurgical techniques, reconstructive surgeons have been able to envision muscle transplantation for restoration of function and not simply for provision of soft tissue coverage. In this report, we present our experience in three patients of successful treatment of traumatic flexor loss in the forearm with the microsurgical medial gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap. At 18‐ to 24‐months follow‐up, the detected action potential (Latency and Amplity) in the transferred muscle was significantly improved in the EMG examination. The strength of the digital flexion reached to III degree in one case, IV degree in two cases. No complications were noted in the donor legs. We conclude that the microsurgical medial gastrocnemius myocutaneous flap transfer can be an ideal alternative for functional reconstruction of the forearm flexor muscle in three posttrauma patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
w‐Rabin numbers and strong w‐Rabin numbers of folded hypercubes
Authors: Lai Cheng‐Nan , Chen Gen‐Huey 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe w‐Rabin number of a network W is the minimum l so that for any w + 1 distinct nodes s, d1,d2,…,dw of W, there exist w node‐disjoint paths from s to d1,d2,…,dw, respectively, whose maximal length is not greater than l, where w is not greater than the node connectivity of W. If {d1,d2,…,dw} is allowed to be a multiset, then the resulting minimum l is called the strong w‐Rabin number of W. In this article, we show that both the w‐Rabin number and the strong w‐Rabin number of a k‐dimensional folded hypercube are equal to ⌈k/2⌉ for 1 ≤ w ≤ ⌈k/2⌉‐ 1, and ⌈k/2⌉+ 1 for ⌈k/2⌉ ≤ w ≤ k + 1, where k ≥ 5. Each path obtained is shortest or second shortest. The results of this paper also solve an open problem raised by Liaw and Chang. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Numerical Clifford analysis for nonlinear Schrödinger problem
Authors: Cerejeiras P. , Faustino N. , Vieira N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work is to study the numerical solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger problem using a combination between Witt basis and finite difference approximations. We construct a discrete fundamental solution for the nonstationary Schrödinger operator and we show the convergence of the numerical scheme. Numerical examples are given at the end of the article. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Study the effect of inorganic salts on the chemically polymerized aniline films using quartz crystal microbalance
Authors: Ayad M. M. , Rehab A. F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe chemical oxidation of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate to form polyaniline (PANI) films has been studied in different aqueous acid mediums such as HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4. The yield and the growth rate of the PANI film deposition were measured using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique. The effect of different salts such as KCl, NaNO3, and K2SO4 and their concentration on the yield and the growth rate of the film formation are investigated. The yield of PANI film deposition depends on the acid used and the type of salts as well as their concentrations. When HCl and HNO3 were used as media, the addition of salts with the same anion has no effect. However, when H2SO4 was used as media, the addition of salts with the same anions as the medium enhances the yield of PANI film deposition. The UV–visible spectra of the produced PANI films in the absence and presence of the salts are also studied. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microporous polyethersulfone membranes prepared under the combined precipitation conditions with non‐solvent additives
Authors: Li Jing‐Feng , Xu Zhen‐Liang , Yang Hu 
Published: December 2007

AbstractUsing diethylene glycol (DegOH) as non‐solvent additive (NSA) and N, N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent (S), polyethersulfone (PES) flat sheet membranes were prepared via immersion precipitation combined with the vapor induced phase separation (VIPS) process. Light transmittance was used to follow the precipitation rate during the immersion process as well as during the VIPS stage. As the addition of the NSA, the viscosity of casting solutions increased, which led to a slow precipitation rate. Though the precipitation rate decreased, the instantaneous demixing type was maintained. High flux membranes were obtained only at a high mass ratio of NSA/S; producing membranes had cellular pores on the top surface and sponge‐like structure on cross section. The VIPS process prior to immersion precipitation was important for the formation of cellular pore on the surface. With the increase in exposure time, the liquid–liquid phase separation took place on the surface of casting solution; nucleation and growth induced the formation of cellular pore on the top surface. Coagulation bath temperature also had large effect on the precipitation rate; high temperature on coagulation bath mainly accelerated the transfer of solvent and non‐solvent. Higher flux membrane with a porous skin layer could be obtained at a high coagulation bath temperature, but at the same time the mechanism properties were weakened. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zur Geschichte der aktiven Immunisierung. Vorbeugen ist besser als Heilen
Authors: Helmstädter Axel 
Published: December 2007

AbstractManche Infektionen bekommt man bekanntlich nur einmal – sie verleihen eine lebenslange Immunität. Das ist die Ursache für klassische “Kinderkrankheiten”, die sich natürlicherweise innerhalb der am wenigsten immunisierten Bevölkerungsgruppe, eben der Kinder, ausbreiten, während die meisten Erwachsenen durch früher durchgemachte Infektionen vor einem erneuten Ausbruch der Krankheit geschützt sind. Diesen Mechanismus kann man sich zunutze machen, indem man Gesunde absichtlich mit schwachen Krankheitserregern in Kontakt bringt, die aber noch in der Lage sind, Immunität zu erzeugen. Das ist das Prinzip der aktiven Immunisierung. Historisch interessant ist, dass dies bereits zu Zeiten gelang, als man nur vage Vorstellungen von einem “Contagium” hatte und von der Existenz pathogener Mikroorganismen noch nichts ahnte.
2‐Mb SPRAM design: bi‐directional current write and parallelizing‐direction current read based on spin‐transfer torque switching
Authors: Kawahara T. , Takemura R. , Miura K. , Hayakawa J. , Ikeda S. , Lee Y. M. , Sasaki R. , Goto Y. , Ito K. , Meguro T. , Matsukura F. , Takahashi H. , Matsuoka H. , Ohno H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA 1.8 V 2‐Mb SPRAM (SPin‐transfer torque RAM) chip using 0.2‐μm logic process with MgO tunneling barrier cell is reviewed, which demonstrates the circuit technologies for potential low power non‐volatile RAM, or universal memory. This chip features: an array scheme with bit‐by‐bit bi‐directional current write to achieve proper spin‐transfer torque writing of 100‐ns, and parallelizing‐direction current reading with low voltage bit‐line that leads to 40‐ns access time. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magneto‐transport studies of single ferromagnetic nanowire
Authors: Rheem Y. , Yoo B.‐Y. , Beyermann W. P. , Myung N. V. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe magnetotransport properites of individual ferromagnetic nanowires (e.g. Ni, Co23Ni77, Ni85Fe15) with 200 nm diameters were investigated. The ferromagnetic nanowires were successfully electrodeposited within an anodized alumina by controlling solution composition, temperature, and current density. Using a magnetic assembly technique, single nanowire was successfully bridged across microfabricated gold elecrodes. The temperature coefficient of resistance for ferromagnetic nanowires was lower than the bulk because of a larger residual resistance from increased electrical scattering in one‐dimensional structures. The ferromagnetic nanowires showed typical anisotropic magnetoresistance where the magnetoresistance ratio was lower than bulk values. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of recording performances between three different stabilizing schemes of soft underlayer
Authors: Lee Hwan‐Soo , Hong Sooyoul , Lee Hyung J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRecording characteristics of perpendicular recording media with three different stabilizing schemes of soft under (SUL) were investigated; conventional, synthetic antiparallelly (SAP) coupled, and antiferromagnetically (AFM) coupled SULs. The strong pinning due to the AFM, which led to a quasi‐single domain, presented some negative effects on recording performances, displaying a poorer writing characteristic and a stronger sensitivity to adjacent dc‐saturated tracks. Even multi‐domains due to the relatively weak pinning of the SAP appear to be sufficient for suppressing additional media noise from the SUL as the domain structure is properly controlled. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The property of multilayered SmCo5 film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Takei Shigeto , Liu Xiaoxi , Morisako Akimitsu 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn order to fabricate thick SmCo5 film, the dependences of the magnetic properties of SmCo/Ru/Cu/Ru films and its multilayer films on the SmCo layer thickness were studied. The SmCo/Ru/Cu/Ru film with the SmCo layer thickness up to 200 nm showed the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy while the multilayer film with the total SmCo layer thickness of 1000 nm indicated the magnetic easy axis was in the perpendicular direction. It was found that the multilayered structure is preferable for the increase in total thickness of the SmCo layer with the perpendicular anisotropy. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection of current‐driven magnetic domain wall deformation using anisotropic magnetoresistance effect
Authors: Maekawa H. , Nozaki T. , Kasai S. , Mizuguchi M. , Shiraishi M. , Ono T. , Suzuki Y. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe report on an electrical detection of current driven domain wall (DW) deformation induced by a current pulse injection in arc‐shaped permalloy (Py) submicron wires. Current polarity and pulse length dependence were investigated under an assisting external magnetic field. Initial DW states prepared by an application of a large magnetic field were distributed to two distinct DW states. A current pulse application promoted transition between them. In addition, the third DW state was established only by an application of the short pulses (<50 ns). This result suggests the possibility of the high‐speed control of the DW dynamics. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
PMMA coated carbonyl iron microbeads and their magnetic characteristics
Authors: Kim Min Su , Cho Min Sung , Choi Hyoung Jin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn order to improve the stability of magnetorheological (MR) fluid, we synthesized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) ‐ encapsulated carbonyl iron (CI) particles by an in‐situ dispersion polymerization method. In addition, PMMA shell was cross‐linked by a cross‐linking agent. The cross‐linked PMMA is expected to be more effective than non‐cross‐linked PMMA, improving the physical properties. The synthesized CIPMMA composite particles were characterized by SEM, and VSM. Cross‐linking of PMMA was also confirmed by measuring the FT‐IR after etching process. Rheological properties of the PMMA‐coated CI based MR fluid were measured via a rotational rheometer. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin‐filtering effect in a two‐dimensional electron gas under a local fringe field
Authors: Huh Seon‐Gu , Eom Jonghwa , Koo Hyun Cheol , Kim Hyung‐jun , Chang Joonyeon , Han Suk‐Hee 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe fabricated a spin‐filtering device which consists of InAs based two‐dimensional electron gas and two ferromagnetic pads. A fringe field at the edge of a ferromagnetic pad was used to induce spin polarization of the moving electrons in a two‐dimensional electron gas. The direction of the fringe field was determined by the magnetization of the ferromagnetic pad, which was switched by using the external magnetic field. A current of which spins were aligned by one fringe field (polarizer) was filtered by the other fringe field (analyzer). The resistance of the device was in either a high state or a low state depending on the alignment of the fringe fields. The spin‐filtering effect diminishes rapidly as the thermal energy exceeds the Zeeman splitting. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetometry on quantum Hall systems: Thermodynamic energy gaps and the density of states distribution
Authors: Wilde M. A. , Springborn J. I. , Roesler O. , Ruhe N. , Schwarz M. P. , Heitmann D. , Grundler D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe review experiments on the de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) effect, i.e., the quantum oscillatory behavior of the magnetization M, in modulation‐doped AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures at low temperature T. In particular we focus on the thermodynamic energy gaps and the density of states (DOS) of two‐dimensional electron systems (2DES's) in the integer quantum Hall regime. M as a thermodynamic quantity yields direct access to both quantities. Energy gaps due to Landau quantization at even integer filling factors ν are extracted from different samples that cover a wide range of electronic parameters. They are varied by heterostructure growth parameters. For the quantitative analysis we simulate the magnetization starting from a single‐particle model DOS. We find that a DOS consisting of, both, levels with a Gaussian broadening and a background that increases linearly with ν is essential to model magnetization data for the different heterostructures over a wide range of ns and T. In particular we discuss the correlation of the Landau level broadening with the specific sample parameters. Oscillations in M at odd filling factors resulting from the spin splitting of Landau levels are investigated as a function of magnetic field and electron density ns. We recalculate the exchange‐energy contribution to the spin splitting and find a disagreement with Hartree–Fock calculations. However, our results are consistent with previously published magnetocapacitance measurements. In the sample exhibiting the lowest level broadening we observe discontinuous jumps of M at even ν. This specific feature of the 2DES magnetization was predicted more than 70 years ago by Peierls but never reported for dHvA effect studies before. Both, the significant improvements of the measurement technique and the optimization of heterostructure growth during recent years have allowed us to observe such discontinuities in M. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Weak ferromagnetism in CdMnZnTe single crystal
Authors: Hwang Younghun , Chung Soo‐seong , Um Youngho 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe studied the magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors Cd0.65–yMn0.35Zny Te single crystals grown using a vertical Bridgman method. The Cd0.65–yMn0.35Zny Te crystals with various Zn mole fractions have been grown in the zinc‐blende structure. The band‐gap energy obtained from the optical absorption spectrum at 300 K is linearly increased with increasing the addition of Zn into CdMnTe, which may be due to a decrease in the lattice constant. We have observed that the Cd0.22Mn0.35Zn0.43Te crystal showed weak ferromagnetic ordering up to 300 K, and the coercive field was 25 Oe at 250 K. The magnetic moment showed a maximum for the sample with y = 0.43, and the value was approximately ten times larger than that of the Cd0.65Mn0.35Te crystal. This result reflects that Zn ion mediates and enhances the spin‐spin interaction between Mn2+ ions with increasing Zn composition up to y = 0.43. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties of Na0.68CoO2 thin film
Authors: Hsu M. H. , Liu H. L. , Chang W. J. , Lin J. Y. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe optical reflectance of single‐crystalline Na0.68CoO2 (thickness around 3000 Å) thin film has been measured over a wide frequency (40–55000 cm–1) and at temperatures between 20 and 300 K. The room‐temperature optical conductivity spectrum displays a metallic character. In addition, one E1u phonon mode at about 518 cm‐1 is identified, while the other four phonon peaks are due to the sapphire substrate. As the temperature is lowered, the Drude plasma frequency exhibits little temperature dependence, whereas the scattering rate monotonically decreases with decreasing temperature. Notably, the Drude scattering rate at 20 K is found to approach zero, consistent with the small residual resistivity, indicating high quality of Na0.68CoO2 thin film. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Permittivity modulation study of multiferroic AlN/NiFe/AlN films
Authors: Hung D. S. , Yao Y. D. , Wu K. T. , Hsu J. C. , Chen Y. C. , Ding Y. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper reports the dielectric properties of AlN/NiFe/AlN multiferroelectric films that were fabricated by the reactive sputtering system. The permittivity that was relative to thickness and number of NiFe layers was observed from 40 Hz to 30 MHz. In this investigation, we found that the dielectric constant of the AlN/NiFe/AlN/ multilayered film was up to 60 for a nano‐scale NiFe interlayer. The data indicated that the dielectric constant of the AlN/NiFe/AlN was strongly dependent on the number of the NiFe layers but weak to their thickness. The dielectric tuniability of AlN/NiFe/AlN was also observed by in this study. The results concluded the dielectric‐electric variation of AlN films that are modulated by the NiFe ferromagnetic layers. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The numerical computation of the self‐demagnetization factor of bonded magnets
Authors: Tu L. T. , Vuong N. V. , Kim C. G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe self‐demagnetization effect (SDE) in bonded magnets (BMs), which are compacted with ferromagnetic particles embedded in a binder medium, was investigated by means of the numerical computation. It is shown that the self‐demagnetization factor N is dependent not only on the shape but also the granular structure of bonded magnets. The calculated factor N is determined as a function of the magnet shape, mass density and particle orientation. And also the influences of the self‐demagnetization effect on the characterization of bonded magnets are discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ru‐mediated interlayer exchange coupling in Co/Pd and Co/Au multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Kamiko Masao , Chihaya Hiroaki , Yamamoto Ryoichi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRu‐mediated interlayer exchange coupling was introduced in Co/Pd (111) and Co/Au (111) metallic multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in order to induce antiferromagnet alignment inside them. The magnetic and electronic transport properties were investigated. The magnetically controlled Co/Pd(111) and Co/Au (111) multilayers exhibited unique resistivity changes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic behaviors and enhanced magnetoresistance in granular (La0. 7Pb0.3MnO3)1−x(Fe2O3)x composites
Authors: Young S. L. , Horng Lance , Ho Y. W. , Wu K. M. , Shih Y. T. , Chen H. Z. , Kao M. C. , Shi J. B. , Lin C. C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRecently, researches indicate that grain boundaries and interfaces can be the major factors of magnetoresistance effects, which has attracted renewed interests on the colossal magnetoresistance materials. In this article, the magnetic behaviours and magnetotransport properties of (La0.7Pb0.3MnO3)1‐x(Fe2O3)x composites have been investigated. Ferromagnetism is gradually suppressed as the weight percentage of Fe2O3 is increased. Saturation magnetization (MS) decreases from 78.7 emu/g for x = 0.0 to 60.6 emu/g for x = 0.2, while ferromagnetic transition temperature (TC) remains around 346K for all composites. The resistivity increases significantly as the x value increases in these composites. It is suggested that the introduction of Fe2O3 into the composites acts as a separation layer between La0.7Pb0.3MnO3 grains. The enhancement of magnetoresistance has been verified with the addition of Fe2O3 into the composites. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characteristics of W‐C‐N thin films on Si as a role of diffusion barrier for La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 manganese oxide layer
Authors: Kim Soo In , Lee Chang Woo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractW‐C‐N ternary thin films are suggested as a diffusion barrier to prevent the interdiffusion between La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (La‐Sr‐MnO) and Si substrate for adapting the Si process. La‐Sr‐MnO layers have grown on W‐C‐N/Si thin film by sol‐gel spinning processes and the thermal stabilities of W‐C‐N thin films with various nitrogen concentrations are studied during the annealing process up to 1000 °C. Experimental results show that the grain size of La‐Sr‐MnO layer depends on W‐C‐N diffusion barrier. From these results, the MR ratio of the La‐Sr‐MnO layer on the W‐C‐N films is higher than that of the La‐Sr‐MnO layer on the W‐C films. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)