bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fraction of Total Plasma Vitamin B12 Bound to Transcobalamin Correlates with Cognitive Function in Elderly Latinos with Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Garrod Marjorie G , Green Ralph , Allen Lindsay H , Mungas Dan M , Jagust William J , Haan Mary N , Miller Joshua W 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Background: The fraction of total plasma vitamin B12 bound to transcobalamin (holoTC/B12 ratio) may reflect tissue levels of the vitamin, but its clinical relevance is unclear.
Methods: We assessed associations between cognitive function and total B12, holoTC, and holoTC/B12 ratio in a cohort of elderly Latinos (n = 1089, age 60–101 years). We assessed cognitive function using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) and a delayed recall test; we diagnosed clinical cognitive impairment by neuropsychological and clinical exam with expert adjudication; and we assessed depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We measured total B12 and holoTC using radioassays.
Results: HoloTC/B12 ratio was directly associated with 3MSE score (P = 0.026) but not delayed recall score. Interactions between holoTC/B12 and CES-D score were observed for 3MSE (P = 0.026) and delayed recall scores (P = 0.013) such that associations between the ratio and cognitive function scores were confined to individuals with CES-D ≥16. For individuals with CES-D ≥16, the odds ratio for clinical cognitive impairment for the lowest holoTC/B12 tertile was 3.6 (95% CI 1.2–11.2) compared with the highest tertile (P = 0.03). We observed no associations between cognitive function and total B12 or holoTC alone, except between holoTC and 3MSE score (P = 0.021), and no interactions between holoTC or total B12 and CES-D score on cognitive function.
Conclusions: HoloTC/B12 ratio is associated with cognitive function in elderly Latinos with depressive symptoms and may better reflect the adequacy of B12 for nervous system function than either holoTC or total B12 alone.
Relationship between Progression to AIDS and Thrombophilic Abnormalities in HIV Infection
Authors: Lijfering Willem M , Sprenger Herman G , Georg Rita R , van der Meulen Piet A , van der Meer Jan 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Background: HIV-infected patients are at increased risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. We hypothesized that acquired thrombophilic abnormalities that could predispose to thrombosis are most pronounced in patients in advanced stages of HIV infection.
Methods: We included 109 consecutive HIV-infected patients in the study and tested them twice for currently known thrombophilic abnormalities at an interval of at least 3 months (median, 3 months; range, 3–12 months). Detailed information was collected about the date of diagnosis of HIV infection, HIV treatment, and previous episodes of venous and arterial thrombosis.
Results: After HIV infection was diagnosed, 16% of the patients experienced symptomatic thrombosis (venous, 10%; arterial, 6%). Repeated measurements established protein C deficiency in 9% of the patients, increased factor VIII concentrations in 41%, high fibrinogen concentrations in 22%, and free protein S deficiency in 60%. Median factor VIII concentrations were higher in patients with AIDS (CD4 cell counts &lt;2 × 108/L) than in patients with a non–AIDS-defining illness (2260 IU/L vs 1 490 IU/L; P &lt; 0.001), whereas median free protein S concentrations were lower (450 IU/L vs 580 IU/L; P &lt; 0.001). Developing AIDS was associated with increasing factor VIII concentrations and decreasing free protein S concentrations. Increasing factor VIII concentrations were correlated with increasing fibrinogen concentrations and decreasing free protein S concentrations.
Conclusions: Multiple acquired and persistent thrombophilic abnormalities are more frequently observed in HIV-infected patients than in the healthy population. The frequencies of these thrombophilic abnormalities increase with the progression to AIDS. These findings may contribute to the high prevalence of venous and arterial thrombosis in HIV-infected patients.
Computational Modeling of the Lateral Load Transfer Capacity of Rimboard
Authors: Wang Bing , Liu Xiaoqin , Lam F. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This paper evaluates the performance of structural composite lumber in terms of lateral load transfer capacity in rimboard application from the perspective of computational modeling with the finite element method (FEM). Computational modeling is effective at predicting and evaluating performance of structural composite lumber as rimboard. It provides insight into the system behavior of floor assembly and demonstrates that with the current test setup, as stipulated in the AC124 standard, the lateral load transfer capacity of rimboard may be overestimated if the vertical restraints in real buildings are not as stiff as the hold-down device used in the laboratory. Two solutions are proposed to improve the test setup to yield more reliable evaluation of lateral load transfer capacity of rimboard.
Release Mortality of Undersized Fish from the Snapper–Grouper Complex off the North Carolina Coast
Authors: Overton Anthony S. , Zabawski John , Riley Kenneth L. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Red porgy Pagrus pagrus, scamps Mycteroperca phenax, and gags M. microlepis support valuable recreational and commercial fisheries in North Carolina. Fish in the snapper–grouper complex are managed to prevent overfishing and maintain a stable spawning stock. We investigated postrelease mortality of 263 undersized red porgy, scamps, and gags that were captured by angling and subjected to short-term (2 h) and long-term (48 h) holding experiments. Fish were caught at depths ranging from 15 to 45 m using traditional bottom-fishing hook-and-line gear. Catch per unit effort ranged from 0.11 to 1.80 fish/rod-hour (FRH) for sublegal-sized fish and from 0.06 to 0.50 FRH for legal-sized fish. Nontarget species predominated in the catch (N = 1,135), but the red porgy was the most frequently caught individual species (N = 196). The effects of short-term (2-h) holding within species were similar between fish held in different locations (oxygenated live well or cage anchored to the seafloor); mortality did not differ between the two holding location groups. Mortality of fish subjected to short-term holding in the live well was 6.1%; mortality of fish in the submerged cage was 10.5% for the 2-h holding period and 12.3% for the 48-h holding period. There was no significant effect of anatomical hook location on mortality of gags or scamps. However, hook location significantly affected survival of red porgy; individuals hooked in the lip were 11.34 times more likely to survive than fish hooked in other locations. The results of this study suggest that short-term holding is appropriate for assessing mortality of undersized fish caught offshore in a hook-and-line fishery.
Association of the GABRB3 Gene with Nonsyndromic Oral Clefts
Authors: Inoue Hiroki , Kayano Shuji , Aoki Yoko , Kure Shigeo , Yamada Atsushi , Hata Akira , Matsubara Yoichi , Suzuki Yoichi 
Published: May 2008

Objective: Nonsyndromic oral clefts are common craniofacial anomalies classified into two subgroups: cleft lip with or without cleft palate and isolated cleft palate. Nonsyndromic oral clefts are multifactorial diseases, with both genetic and environmental factors involved in their pathogenesis. The inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid plays a role in normal embryonic, and particularly facial, development and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor type A β-3 subunit (GABRB3) knockout mice have been shown to have cleft palate. The GABRB3 gene is therefore a strong candidate gene for nonsyndromic oral clefts. We investigated here whether genetic variations of the GABRB3 gene affect the risk for nonsyndromic oral clefts. Method: In this case-control study, a total of 178 Japanese patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate and 374 unrelated controls were recruited and were genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms and a dinucleotide repeat marker of the GABRB3 gene. Results: None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms showed complete linkage disequilibrium with other single nucleotide polymorphisms. In a case-control association study with the six-locus haplotype of the gene, TGTGCT haplotype frequency in patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate was significantly higher than in the controls (corrected p value = .029). None of the alleles of the dinucleotide repeat marker showed significant association with cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the GABRB3 gene is involved in the pathogenesis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Japanese population.
Timing of Palatal Surgery and Speech Outcome
Authors: Chapman Kathy L. , Hardin-Jones Mary A. , Goldstein Jeffrey A. , Halter Kelli Ann , Havlik Robert J. , Schulte Julie 
Published: May 2008

Objective: To examine the impact of age and lexical status at the time of primary palatal surgery on speech outcome of preschoolers with cleft palate. Participants: Forty children (33 to 42 months) with nonsyndromic cleft palate participated in the study. Twenty children (Group 1) were less lexically advanced and younger (mean age  =  11 months) and 20 children (Group 2) were more lexically advanced and older (mean age  =  15 months) when palatal surgery was performed. Main Outcome Measures: Samples of the children's spontaneous speech were compared on 11 speech production measures (e.g., size of consonant inventory, total consonants correct, % correct for manner of articulation categories, compensatory articulation usage, etc.). Next, listeners rated a 30-second sample of each child's connected speech for articulation proficiency and hypernasality, separately, using direct magnitude estimation (DME). Results: Group differences were noted for 4 of the 11 speech production measures. Children in Group 1 exhibited larger consonant inventories (and true consonant inventories) and more accurate production of nasals and liquids compared to children in Group 2. On the DME task, significant group differences were found for ratings of articulation proficiency and hypernasality. Children in Group 1 exhibited better articulation and less hypernasality than children in Group 2. Conclusions: The findings suggested that children who were less lexically advanced and younger at the time of palatal surgery exhibited better articulation and resonance outcomes at 3 years of age.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma and Connective Tissue Grafts in the Treatment of Gingival Recessions: A Histometric Study in Dogs
Authors: Suaid Fabricia Ferreira , Carvalho Marcelo Diniz , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Sallum Enilson Antônio 
Published: May 2008

Background: The aim of this study was to histometrically evaluate the healing process of gingival recessions treated with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in combination with a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) and to compare it to that obtained with SCTG alone.Methods: Six mongrel dogs were used in the experiment. Gingival recessions (5 × 7 mm) were surgically created and exposed to plaque accumulation for 1 month. Contralateral defects were randomly assigned to the test group (SCTG + PRP) or the control group (SCTG). Dogs were sacrificed 45 days after the surgeries, and the blocks containing the experimental specimens were processed for histologic analysis. The histometric parameters evaluated were length of sulcular and junctional epithelium, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, new bone, and defect extension.Results: A greater length of new cementum was observed in the sites treated with PRP (2.18 ± 0.78 mm) compared to the control group (1.19 ± 0.62 mm) (P ≤0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in the remaining parameters. The extension of total epithelium (sulcular and junctional epithelium) was 2.04 ± 0.57 mm for the test group and 2.49 ± 0.82 mm for the control group. The new connective tissue adjacent to the root without cementum formation was 0.29 ± 0.28 mm and 0.23 ± 0.18 mm for the test and control groups, respectively. Bone position was −0.57 ± 0.95 mm for the test group and −0.46 ± 1.34 mm for the control group.Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the combination of PRP with SCTG was more effective in promoting new cementum formation than the graft alone.
A Rare Case of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Gingiva
Authors: Agnihotri Rupali , Bhat K. Mahalinga , Bhat G. Subraya 
Published: May 2008

Background: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an aggressive, high‐grade tumor with poor prognosis. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults, usually occurring retroperitoneally in extremities. MFH of the head and neck is rare. Cases with primary involvement of only the oral soft tissues have been reported; a few occurred in the gingiva. Its clinical features include a painless enlarging mass, which may or may not be ulcerated.Methods: A 20‐year‐old female patient presented with a non‐healing necrotic ulceration of 4 months’ duration on the maxillary anterior labial gingiva. Based on her history and agricultural background, a provisional diagnosis of chronic fungal and chronic bacterial infection was given. The patient was placed on a topical antifungal in combination with antibiotic therapy for 10 days. Because the lesion failed to respond to the initial therapy, an incisional biopsy was performed. The lesion was diagnosed as MFH based on clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings.Results: The patient was referred to the Department of Oncology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, for further evaluation and treatment; the lesion was treated by resection of the premaxilla, and a splint was placed. She was followed up for 3 months with improvement in her condition.Conclusions: Because MFH is rare in the oral cavity, misdiagnosis may not be unusual based on the initial clinical examination. Any suspicious lesion that is unresponsive to treatment must be subjected to histopathologic evaluation to arrive at a final diagnosis.
Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects With Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Allograft in Combination With Platelet‐Rich Plasma: A Comparative Clinical Trial
Authors: Piemontese Matteo , Aspriello Simone Domenico , Rubini Corrado , Ferrante Luigi , Procaccini Maurizio 
Published: May 2008

Background: The aim of the present randomized, double‐masked, clinical trial was to compare platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) combined with a demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) to DFDBA mixed with a saline solution in the treatment of human intrabony defects.Methods: Sixty interproximal intrabony osseous defects in 60 healthy, non‐smoking subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were treated in this study. Thirty subjects each were randomly assigned to the test group (PRP + DFDBA) or the control group (DFDBA + saline). Clinical and radiographic measurements were made at baseline and at the 12‐month evaluation.Results: Compared to baseline, the 12‐month results indicated that both treatment modalities resulted in significant changes in all clinical parameters (gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession; P <0.001) and radiographic parameters (hard tissue fill and bone depth reduction; P <0.001). However, the test group exhibited statistically significantly greater changes compared to the control group in probing depth reduction (4.3 ± 1.7 mm versus 2.6 ± 2.2 mm; P <0.05) and clinical attachment gain (3.5 ± 2.1 mm versus 2.3 ± 2.4 mm; P <0.001).Conclusions: Treatment with a combination of PRP and DFDBA led to a significantly greater clinical improvement in intrabony periodontal defects compared to DFDBA with saline. No statistically significant differences were observed in the hard tissue response between the two treatment groups, which confirmed that PRP had no effect on hard tissue fill or gain in new hard tissue formation.
Simulated Fate and Transport of Metolachlor in the Unsaturated Zone, Maryland, USA
Authors: Bayless E. Randall , Capel Paul D. , Barbash Jack E. , Webb Richard M. T. , Hancock Tracy L. Connell , Lampe David C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAn unsaturated‐zone transport model was used to examine the transport and fate of metolachlor applied to an agricultural site in Maryland, USA. The study site was instrumented to collect data on soil‐water content, soil‐water potential, ground water levels, major ions, pesticides, and nutrients from the unsaturated zone during 2002–2004. The data set was enhanced with site‐specific information describing weather, soils, and agricultural practices. The Root Zone Water Quality Model was used to simulate physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring in the unsaturated zone. Model calibration to bromide tracer concentrations indicated flow occurred through the soil matix. Simulated recharge rates were within the measured range of values. The pesticide transport model was calibrated to the intensive data collection period (2002–2004), and the calibrated model was then used to simulate the period 1984 through 2004 to examine the impact of sustained agricultural management practices on the concentrations of metolachlor and its degradates at the study site. Simulation results indicated that metolachlor degrades rapidly in the root zone but that the degradates are transported to depth in measurable quantities. Simulations indicated that degradate transport is strongly related to the duration of sustained use of metolachlor and the extent of biodegradation.
Herbicide Sorption Coefficients in Relation to Soil Properties and Terrain Attributes on a Cultivated Prairie
Authors: Farenhorst A. , Papiernik S. K. , Saiyed I. , Messing P. , Stephens K. D. , Schumacher J. A. , Lobb D. A. , Li S. , Lindstrom M. J. , Schumacher T. E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe sorption of 2,4‐D and glyphosate herbicides in soil was quantified for 287 surface soils (0–15 cm) collected in a 10 × 10 m grid across a heavily eroded, undulating, calcareous prairie landscape. Other variables that were determined included soil carbonate content, soil pH, soil organic carbon content (SOC), soil texture, soil loss or gain by tillage and water erosion, and selected terrain attributes and landform segments. The 2,4‐D sorption coefficient (Kd) was significantly associated with soil carbonate content (−0.66;P< 0.001), soil pH (−0.63;P< 0.001), and SOC (0.47;P< 0.001). Upper slopes were strongly eroded and thus had a significantly greater soil carbonate content and less SOC compared with lower slopes that were in soil accumulation zones. The 2,4‐D Kdwas almost twice as small in upper slopes than in lower slopes. The 2,4‐D Kdwas also significantly associated with nine terrain attributes, particularly with compounded topographic index (0.59;P< 0.001), gradient (−0.48;P< 0.001), mean curvature (−0.43;P< 0.001), and plan curvature (−0.42P< 0.001). Regression equations were generated to estimate herbicide sorption in soils. The predicted power of these equations increased for 2,4‐D when selected terrain attributes were combined with soil properties. In contrast, the variation of glyphosate sorption across the field was much less dependent on our measured soil properties and calculated terrain attributes. We conclude that the integration of terrain attributes or landform segments in pesticide fate modeling is more advantageous for herbicides such as 2,4‐D, whose sorption to soil is weak and influenced by subtle changes in soil properties, than for herbicides such as glyphosate that are strongly bound to soil regardless of soil properties.
Occurrence and Fate of Pesticides in Four Contrasting Agricultural Settings in the United States
Authors: Steele Gregory V. , Johnson Henry M. , Sandstrom Mark W. , Capel Paul D. , Barbash Jack E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOccurrence and fate of 45 pesticides and 40 pesticide degradates were investigated in four contrasting agricultural settings—in Maryland, Nebraska, California, and Washington. Primary crops included corn at all sites, soybeans in Maryland, orchards in California and Washington, and vineyards in Washington. Pesticides and pesticide degradates detected in water samples from all four areas were predominantly from two classes of herbicides—triazines and chloroacetanilides; insecticides and fungicides were not present in the shallow ground water. In most samples, pesticide degradates greatly exceeded the concentrations of parent pesticide. In samples from Nebraska, the parent pesticide atrazine [6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N′‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine] was about the same concentration as the degradate, but in samples from Maryland and California atrazine concentrations were substantially smaller than its degradate. Simazine [6‐chloro‐N,N′‐diethyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine], the second most detected triazine, was detected in ground water from Maryland, California, and Washington. Metolachlor [2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐ethyl‐6‐methylphenyl)‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐1‐methylethyl)acetamide] rarely was detected without its degradates, and when they were detected in the same sample metolachlor always had smaller concentrations. The Root‐Zone Water‐Quality Model was used to examine the occurrence and fate of metolachlor at the Maryland site. Simulations accurately predicted which metolachlor degradate would be predominant in the unsaturated zone. In analyses of relations among redox indicators and pesticide variance, apparent age, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and excess nitrogen gas (from denitrification) were important indicators of the presence and concentration of pesticides in these ground water systems.
Sorption of Aromatic Compounds to Clay Mineral and Model Humic Substance–Clay Complex: Effects of Solute Structure and Exchangeable Cation
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Zhu Dongqiang , Yu Hongxia 
Published: May 2008

AbstractClay minerals and humic substance (HS)–clay complexes are widely distributed in soil environments. Improved predictions on the uptake of organic pollutants by soil require a better understanding of fundamental mechanisms that control the relative contribution from organic and inorganic constituents. Five selected aromatic compounds varying in electronic structure, including nonpolar phenanthrene (PHEN), 1,2,4,5‐tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), polar 1,3‐dinitrobenzene (DNB), 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil [DNL]), and 1‐naphthalenyl methylcarbamate (carbaryl [CBL]), were sorbed separately from aqueous solution to Na+–, K+–, Cs+–, and Ca2+–saturated montmorillonites with and without the presence of dissolved HS at pH about 6. Upon normalizing for hydrophobic effects by solute aqueous solubility, the overall trend of sorptive affinity to HS‐free K+–clay is DNB ≫ DNL, CBL > PHEN, TeCB, indicating preferential adsorption of the polar solutes. With the presence of HS, sorption of PHEN, TeCB, and CBL increases by several times compared with the pure clay, attributed to HS‐facilitated hydrophobic partition (PHEN and TeCB) or H‐bonding (CBL). The enhanced sorption of PHEN by HS is cation dependent, where Cs+ shows the strongest facilitative effect. Coadsorption of HS does not affect sorption of DNB and DNL to clays except that of DNB to Ca2+–clay because cation–dipole interactions between the polar group (NO2 or CN) of solute and weakly hydrated exchangeable cations dominate the overall sorption.