bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wolbachia supergroup A in Enoplognatha latimana (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Poland as an example of possible horizontal transfer of bacteria
Authors: Konecka Edyta , Szymkowiak Paweł 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWolbachia (phylum Pseudomonadota, class Alfaproteobacteria, order Rickettsiales, family Ehrlichiaceae) is a maternally inherited bacterial symbiont infecting more than half of arthropod species worldwide and constituting an important force in the evolution, biology, and ecology of invertebrate hosts. Our study contributes to the limited knowledge regarding the presence of intracellular symbiotic bacteria in spiders. Specifically, we investigated the occurrence of Wolbachia infection in the spider species Enoplognatha latimana Hippa and Oksala, 1982 (Araneae: Theridiidae) using a sample collected in north-western Poland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Wolbachia infection in E. latimana. A phylogeny based on the sequence analysis of multiple genes, including 16S rRNA, coxA, fbpA, ftsZ, gatB, gltA, groEL, hcpA, and wsp revealed that Wolbachia from the spider represented supergroup A and was related to bacterial endosymbionts discovered in other spider hosts, as well as insects of the orders Diptera and Hymenoptera. A sequence unique for Wolbachia supergroup A was detected for the ftsZ gene. The sequences of Wolbachia housekeeping genes have been deposited in publicly available databases and are an important source of molecular data for comparative studies. The etiology of Wolbachia infection in E. latimana is discussed.
Serum uric acid level is associated with glomerular ischemic lesions in patients with primary membranous nephropathy: an analytical, cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Yamin , Zheng Juan , Li Jie , Li Xiuzhen , Liu Zewei , Yang Ruiheng , Hong Hong , Zhang Junjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between serum uric acid level and glomerular ischemic lesions (GIL) in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) and identify relevant risk factors. A total of 201 patients with PMN but normal renal function confirmed by renal biopsy executed in the Liaocheng People’s Hospital, China, during January 2020-January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The enrolled patients were divided into a hyperuricemia group and a normal serum uric acid group (control group) according to their serum uric acid levels. Then, the participants were further divided into a non-GIL group or a GIL group based on the patient’s renal biopsy results. The two groups’ clinical and pathological data and meaningful indicators for differences were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Additionally, the serum uric acid level prediction value on GIL was investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Compared with the control group, the hyperuricemia group exhibited high serum uric acid, the prevalence of GIL, serum albumin, the prevalence of hypertension, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-GIL group, the GIL group exhibited were older, had enhanced serum uric acid, serum albumin, and an increased prevalence of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF), arteriolosclerosis, and low eGFR levels (P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the serum uric acid and the TA/IF are independent risk factors of GIL (P < 0.05). The AUC of ROC of GIL of PMN patients, predicted based on the serum uric acid concentration, was 0.736 (P < 0.05), wherein the threshold = 426.5 μmol/L and the Youden’s index = 0.41. Serum uric acid concentration and the TA/IF are independent risk factors of GIL in patients with PMN, and the former exhibits prediction value on GIL in patients with PMN.
The cavitation characteristics of aerospace high-speed centrifugal pumps with different tip clearance
Authors: Chao Wen-xiong , Wang Wang-cheng , Zhang Wei , Bai Gao-yang , Dong Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the Tip Clearance Cavitation (TCC) characteristics of three different Tip Clearances (TC) (0.4, 0.6, 0.8) and five inlet negative pressure conditions Pj = (− 20–60)kPa to improve the reliability of the aerospace high-speed centrifugal pump during in-orbit operation, based on the premise of good agreement between the TC 0.6 test curve and the simulation performance curve. Under negative pressure and high-speed conditions, the variation gradient of cavitation characteristics with various inlet negative pressures is non-linear and has a sudden change, but the trend becomes stable after the inlet negative pressure drops to a certain stage. The tip clearance cavitation characteristics vary from the blade surface cavitation characteristics due to the difference in forces on both sides. This study is a proper starting point for the design of aerospace power pumps.
Dynamic multifractal characteristics of acoustic emission about composite samples with different stress loading and unloading conditions
Authors: Liu Yuben , Meng Xiangxi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStudying the failure characteristics of the common composite strata structure in western China is essential for evaluating stope stability and predicting coal mine dynamic disasters. To investigate the influence of different stress loading and unloading conditions on the instability characteristics of composite samples, three triaxial loading and unloading test schemes simulating different in-situ mining depths were designed. Complex triaxial tests were conducted on 12 sets of composite samples, and the bearing capacity, acoustic emission (AE) parameters and dynamic multifractal characteristics of the samples under different stress loading or unloading conditions were analyzed. The results indicate that samples tested by stress schemes simulating greater mining depths exhibit less damage, and the failure mode is a tensile-shear mixed failure, but the tensile failure is the main failure mode. The multifractal spectral parameters $$\Delta \alpha$$

Δ
α

of AE time series during the failure of composite samples tested with triaxial loading and unloading schemes simulating different mining depths show a decreasing trend in $$\Delta \alpha$$

Δ
α

values with increasing mining depth, while the change rules of $$\Delta f\left( \alpha \right)$$

Δ
f

α

values are the opposite. The multifractal parameter changes degree in four-layer rock structure composite samples under different stress conditions are lower than those in three-layer rock structure composite samples, indicating that the microcrack propagation process in the three-layer composite sample is more complex, resulting in higher levels of damage. The dynamic change of multifractal parameters $$\Delta \alpha$$

Δ
α

and $$\Delta f\left( \alpha \right)$$

Δ
f

α

during different stress loading and unloading stages reflects the influence of axial pressure or confining pressure changes on crack propagation in composite samples. Compared to the initial stress stage, the non-uniformity of AE signals increases in the residual stress stage, and the proportion of large signals becomes more prominent, signifying a complex micro-fracture process in the composite samples.
Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Al/Cu interface in a bimetallic composite produced by compound casting
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Salout Shima , Mirbagheri Seyed Mohammad Hossein 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe bimetal set (Al/Cu) with Cu wire with 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm diameters were cast at different casting temperatures and solidification times through the compound casting method. The microstructure of solid/liquid diffusion bonding at the Al/Cu interface was investigated, and the shear strength of the Al/Cu interface was measured by punch test. By characterizing the diffusion layer, the optimum parameters of the compound casting, including the casting temperature and the solidification soaking time, as well as the Cu wire diameter, were acquired. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) such as CuAl2 were observed in the diffusion layer. The types of intermetallic phases and diffusion layer thickness affect the hardness and the shear strength. The result of casting at 680 °C and solidification soaking time of 15 s for 3 mm Cu wire, shows that IMCs increased the micro-hardness of the Al/Cu bimetal up to 328 HV at the Al/Cu interface. Also, increasing the solidification soaking time at a constant temperature resulted in a growth of the interface layer’s thickness, which exhibits a lamellar eutectic microstructure containing IMCs. Furthermore, this action caused an increase in the shear strength.
Effects of isorhamnetin on liver injury in heat stroke-affected rats under dry-heat environments via oxidative stress and inflammatory response
Authors: Yang Xinyue , Wang Hongwei , Shen Caifu , Dong Xiang , Li Jiajia , Liu Jiangwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIsorhamnetin is a natural flavonoid compound, rich in brass, alkaloids, and sterols with a high medicinal value. This study investigated the effects of isorhamnetin on liver injury and oxidative and inflammatory responses in heat-stroke-affected rats in a dry-heat environment. Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal temperature control (NC, saline), dry-heat control (DHC, saline), low-dose isorhamnetin-pretreated (L-AS, 25 mg/Kg), medium-dose isorhamnetin-pretreated (M-AS, 50 mg/Kg), and high-dose isorhamnetin-pretreated (H-AS, 100 mg/Kg) group. Saline was administered to the NC and DHC groups and corresponding concentrations of isorhamnetin were administered to the remaining three groups for 1 week. Blood and liver tissue were analyzed for oxidative stress and inflammation. The liver histopathological injury score, serum liver enzyme (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase), liver oxidative stress index (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and malondialdehyde), and inflammation index (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and lipopolysaccharides) were significantly higher in the DHC group than in the NC group (P < 0.05). These index values in the L-AS, M-AS, and H-AS groups were significantly lower than those in the DHC group (P < 0.05). The index values decreased significantly with an increase in the concentration of isorhamnetin (P < 0.05), while the index values of CAT and SOD showed the opposite tendency (P < 0.05). The expression of liver tissue nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), caspase-3, and heat shock protein (HSP-70) was higher in the DHC group than in the NC group (P < 0.05). Comparison between the isorhamnetin and DHC groups revealed that the expression of NF-кB and caspase-3 was decreased, while that of HSP-70 continued to increase (P < 0.05). The difference was significant for HSP-70 among all the isorhamnetin groups (P < 0.05); however, the NF-кB and caspase-3 values in the L-AS and H-AS groups did not differ. In summary, isorhamnetin has protective effects against liver injury in heat-stroke-affected rats. This protective effect may be related to its activities concerning antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory response, inhibition of NF-кB and caspase-3 expression, and enhancement of HSP-70 expression.
Motor learning- and consolidation-related resting state fast and slow brain dynamics across wake and sleep
Authors: Roshchupkina Liliia , Wens Vincent , Coquelet Nicolas , Urbain Charline , de Tiege Xavier , Peigneux Philippe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotor skills dynamically evolve during practice and after training. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated the neural dynamics underpinning motor learning and its consolidation in relation to sleep during resting-state periods after the end of learning (boost window, within 30 min) and at delayed time scales (silent 4 h and next day 24 h windows) with intermediate daytime sleep or wakefulness. Resting-state neural dynamics were investigated at fast (sub-second) and slower (supra-second) timescales using Hidden Markov modelling (HMM) and functional connectivity (FC), respectively, and their relationship to motor performance. HMM results show that fast dynamic activities in a Temporal/Sensorimotor state network predict individual motor performance, suggesting a trait-like association between rapidly recurrent neural patterns and motor behaviour. Short, post-training task re-exposure modulated neural network characteristics during the boost but not the silent window. Re-exposure-related induction effects were observed on the next day, to a lesser extent than during the boost window. Daytime naps did not modulate memory consolidation at the behavioural and neural levels. These results emphasise the critical role of the transient boost window in motor learning and memory consolidation and provide further insights into the relationship between the multiscale neural dynamics of brain networks, motor learning, and consolidation.
Multi-band terahertz anisotropic metamaterial absorber composed of graphene-based split square ring resonator array featuring two gaps and a connecting bar
Authors: Asgari Somayyeh , Fabritius Tapio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA multi-band anisotropic metamaterial absorber operating in the terahertz (THz) range is constructed using a graphene-based split square ring resonator array featuring two gaps and a connecting bar. The design is meticulously simulated through the finite element method (FEM) using CST Software. Subsequently, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) is introduced, leveraging impedance and transmission lines, and implemented with a rapid MATLAB code to evaluate the absorber’s behavior in the THz spectrum. The proposed absorber, dynamically adjustable through a one-layered resonator array, exhibits a strong linear dichroism response of 99% within a frequency range of 0.3–4 THz. The metamaterial has an absorption rate of 81% for one absorption band in transverse magnetic mode and its three absorption bands in transverse electric mode have an average of 99.3% in each absorption band with absorption over 99%. This absorber holds potential applications in polarization-sensitive devices and THz systems. The ECM model was established to provide an efficient analytical tool for assessing the absorber’s performance, and the FEM simulation results align well with those derived from the ECM.
Enhanced antibacterial activity of porous chitosan-based hydrogels crosslinked with gelatin and metal ions
Authors: Farasati Far Bahareh , Naimi-Jamal Mohammad Reza , Jahanbakhshi Mehdi , Hadizadeh Alireza , Dehghan Shiva , Hadizadeh Shiva 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAddressing the increasing drug resistance in pathogenic microbes, a significant threat to public health, calls for the development of innovative antibacterial agents with versatile capabilities. To enhance the antimicrobial activity of non-toxic biomaterials in this regard, this study focuses on novel, cost-effective chitosan (CS)-based hydrogels, crosslinked using gelatin (GEL), formaldehyde, and metallic salts (Ag+, Cu2+, and Zn2+). These hydrogels are formed by mixing CS and GEL with formaldehyde, creating iminium ion crosslinks with metallic salts without hazardous crosslinkers. Characterization techniques like FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, and rheological tests were employed. FTIR analysis showed metal ions binding to amino and hydroxyl groups on CS, enhancing hydrogelation. FESEM revealed that freeze-dried hydrogels possess a crosslinked, porous structure influenced by various metal ions. Antibacterial testing against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria demonstrated significant bacterial growth inhibition. CS-based hydrogels containing metal ions showed reduced MIC and MBC values against Staphylococcus aureus (0.5, 8, 16 µg/mL) and Escherichia coli (1, 16, 8 µg/mL) for CS-g-GEL-Ag+, CS-g-GEL-Cu2+, and CS-g-GEL-Zn2+. MTT assay results confirmed high biocompatibility (84.27%, 85.24%, 84.96% viability at 10 µg/mL) for CS-based hydrogels towards HFF-1 cells over 48 h. Therefore, due to their non-toxic nature, these CS hydrogels are promising for antibacterial applications.
Label-free quantification of imaging features in the extracellular matrix of left and right-sided colon cancer tissues
Authors: Arora B. , Kulkarni A. , Markus M. A. , Ströbel P. , Bohnenberger H. , Alves F. , Ramos-Gomes F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is known to differ between the right and left side of the colon. Several previous studies have focussed on the differences in clinicopathological features, proteomic and genetic biomarkers, the composition of gut microbiota, response to therapy, and the characteristics of the tumour microenvironment. However, the morphology and density of collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) have not been studied intensively. In this study, we employed 2-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) to visualise the intrinsic second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal emitted by collagen fibres in the heterogeneous ECM of human colon tumour tissues. Through texture analysis of the SHG signal, we quantitatively distinguished the imaging features generated by structural differences of collagen fibres in healthy colon and cancers and found marked differences. The fibres inside of tumours exhibited a loss of organisation, particularly pronounced in right-sided colon cancer (RSCC), where the chaotic regions were significantly increased. In addition, a higher collagen content was found in left-sided colon cancer (LSCC). In future, this might aid in subclassification and therapeutic decisions or even in designing new therapy regimens by taking into account the differences between collagen fibres features between colon tumours located at different sides.
Tumor heterogeneity and clinically invisible micrometastases in metastatic breast cancer—a call for enhanced surveillance strategies
Authors: Bacon Eliza R. , Ihle Kena , Guo Weihua , Egelston Colt A. , Simons Diana L. , Wei Christina , Tumyan Lusine , Schmolze Daniel , Lee Peter P. , Waisman James R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe biology of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is understudied, primarily due to the difficulty of procuring multiple samples from patients with oligometastatic breast cancer. We developed a rapid postmortem tissue procurement program that allows the collection and analysis of numerous metastatic lesions, subclinical locations, and potential pre-metastatic niches that fall within this scope. We conducted a rapid postmortem tissue collection study on 9 patients with MBC. Patients and their families consented to donate tissues immediately after death in an IRB-approved study. Various disease subtypes, progression histories, organ involvement, and final causes of death are reported. In patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) disease, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, and Ki-67 expression were heterogeneous across metastatic lesions within individual patients. Disease phenotype at the end of life trended toward complete loss of HR expression. Nearly all (n = 7) patients exhibited extensive tumor involvement of additional organs that had not been previously diagnosed clinically and were not retrospectively visible on recent imaging. Of these seven individuals, three included organs uncommonly associated with MBC: kidney, spleen, pancreas, and ovary. Finally, we identified clinically undetectable micrometastases in several organs uncommonly involved in MBC. Our findings raise several clinically relevant questions regarding the mechanisms of metastatic progression. Insights from this study argue for better surveillance strategies for monitoring MBC. We highlight the need to capture more accurate biomarker information in the context of heterogeneous disease and urge the consideration of treatment strategies that combine multiple targeted therapies.
Structure, function and substrate preferences of archaeal S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolases
Authors: Koeppl Lars-Hendrik , Popadić Désirée , Saleem-Batcha Raspudin , Germer Philipp , Andexer Jennifer N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractS-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) reversibly cleaves S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, the product of S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methylation reactions. The conversion of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine into adenosine and l-homocysteine plays an important role in the regulation of the methyl cycle. An alternative metabolic route for S-adenosyl-l-methionine regeneration in the extremophiles Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and Thermotoga maritima has been identified, featuring the deamination of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine to S-inosyl-l-homocysteine. Herein, we report the structural characterisation of different archaeal SAHHs together with a biochemical analysis of various SAHHs from all three domains of life. Homologues deriving from the Euryarchaeota phylum show a higher conversion rate with S-inosyl-l-homocysteine compared to S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine. Crystal structures of SAHH originating from Pyrococcus furiosus in complex with SlH and inosine as ligands, show architectural flexibility in the active site and offer deeper insights into the binding mode of hypoxanthine-containing substrates. Altogether, the findings of our study support the understanding of an alternative metabolic route for S-adenosyl-l-methionine and offer insights into the evolutionary progression and diversification of SAHHs involved in methyl and purine salvage pathways.
Insights on E1-like enzyme ATG7: functional regulation and relationships with aging-related diseases
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Xiao Yutong , Cao Liangzi , Lu Songming , Zhang Siyi , Yang Ruohan , Wang Yubang , Zhang Naijin , Yu Yang , Wang Xiwen , Guo Wendong , Wang Zhuo , Xu Hongde , Xing Chengzhong , Song Xiaoyu , Cao Liu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAutophagy is a dynamic self-renovation biological process that maintains cell homeostasis and is responsible for the quality control of proteins, organelles, and energy metabolism. The E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) is a critical factor that initiates classic autophagy reactions by promoting the formation and extension of autophagosome membranes. Recent studies have identified the key functions of ATG7 in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and metabolism associated with the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. This review summarizes how ATG7 is precisely programmed by genetic, transcriptional, and epigenetic modifications in cells and the relationship between ATG7 and aging-related diseases.
AI perceives like a local: predicting citizen deprivation perception using satellite imagery
Authors: Abascal Angela , Vanhuysse Sabine , Grippa Taïs , Rodriguez-Carreño Ignacio , Georganos Stefanos , Wang Jiong , Kuffer Monika , Martinez-Diez Pablo , Santamaria-Varas Mar , Wolff Eleonore 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeprived urban areas, commonly referred to as ‘slums,’ are the consequence of unprecedented urbanisation. Previous studies have highlighted the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Earth Observation (EO) in capturing physical aspects of urban deprivation. However, little research has explored AI’s ability to predict how locals perceive deprivation.This research aims to develop a method to predict citizens’ perception of deprivation using satellite imagery, citizen science, and AI. A deprivation perception score was computed from slum-citizens’ votes. Then, AI was used to model this score, and results indicate that it can effectively predict perception, with deep learning outperforming conventional machine learning. By leveraging AI and EO, policymakers can comprehend the underlying patterns of urban deprivation, enabling targeted interventions based on citizens’ needs. As over a quarter of the global urban population resides in slums, this tool can help prioritise citizens’ requirements, providing evidence for implementing urban upgrading policies aligned with SDG-11.