bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent and sustainable waste classification model based on multi-objective beluga whale optimization and deep learning
Authors: Sayed Gehad Ismail , Abd Elfattah Mohamed , Darwish Ashraf , Hassanien Aboul Ella 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResource recycling is considered necessary for sustainable development, especially in smart cities where increased urbanization and the variety of waste generated require the development of automated waste management models. The development of smart technology offers a possible alternative to traditional waste management techniques that are proving insufficient to reduce the harmful effects of trash on the environment. This paper proposes an intelligent waste classification model to enhance the classification of waste materials, focusing on the critical aspect of waste classification. The proposed model leverages the InceptionV3 deep learning architecture, augmented by multi-objective beluga whale optimization (MBWO) for hyperparameter optimization. In MBWO, sensitivity and specificity evaluation criteria are integrated linearly as the objective function to find the optimal values of the dropout period, learning rate, and batch size. A benchmark dataset, namely TrashNet is adopted to verify the proposed model’s performance. By strategically integrating MBWO, the model achieves a considerable increase in accuracy and efficiency in identifying waste materials, contributing to more effective waste management strategies while encouraging sustainable waste management practices. The proposed intelligent waste classification model outperformed the state-of-the-art models with an accuracy of 97.75%, specificity of 99.55%, F1-score of 97.58%, and sensitivity of 98.88%.
AVD-YOLOv5: a new lightweight network architecture for high-speed aortic valve detection from a new and large echocardiography dataset
Authors: Çakır Mervenur , Ekinci Murat , Kablan Elif Baykal , Şahin Mürsel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Heart disease detection is currently gaining widespread attention as a means to enhance the accuracy of cardiologists’ diagnoses from cardiac images and reduce diagnosis time. Although high-resolution computed tomography (CT) images are typically favored for heart disease detection, the drawbacks of cost and radiation exposure to patients necessitate alternative approaches. In this context, utilizing ultrasound images becomes pivotal to mitigate radiation risks and maintain cost-effectiveness. In this paper, we propose a novel lightweight model, AVD-YOLOv5, designed for automated aortic valve detection on echocardiography images. This model incorporates several enhancements to the YOLOv5 architecture. Notably, the depth-wise separable convolution significantly contributes to the model’s lightweight design by reducing the number of parameters while maintaining precision. We have also created a new and larger dataset comprising 260 echocardiography images specifically for aortic valve detection. Experimental results indicate that the precision value of the modified ADV-YOLOv5 model stands at 94.3%, with a recall value of 86.8%. The model also demonstrates a notable 67% reduction in inference time compared to the original YOLOv5 model. Although there is a marginal reduction in precision by 0.94%, the model’s efficiency is significantly increased. The proposed system can be used by cardiologists for more efficient and reliable diagnosis.

Graphical abstract
Two-dimensional perfusion angiography permits direct visualization of redistribution of flow in hepatocellular carcinoma during b-TACE
Authors: Lucatelli Pierleone , Ciaglia Simone , Rocco Bianca , De Rubeis Gianluca , Bolognesi Guido , Damato Elio , Corona Mario , Nardis Pier Giorgio , Cannavale Alessandro , Ricci Paolo , Catalano Carlo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To demonstrate in vivo redistribution of the blood flow towards HCC’s lesions by utilizing two-dimensional perfusion angiography in b-TACE procedures.

Material and methods
In total, 30 patients with 35 HCC nodules treated in the period between January 2019 and November 2021. For each patient, a post-processing software leading to a two-dimensional perfusion angiography was applied on each angiography performed via balloon microcatheter, before and after inflation. On the colour map obtained, reflecting the evolution of contrast intensity change over time, five regions of interests (ROIs) were assessed: one on the tumour (ROI-t), two in the immediate peritumoural healthy liver parenchyma (ROI-ihl) and two in the peripheral healthy liver parenchyma (ROI-phl). The results have been interpreted with a novel in silico model that simulates the hemodynamics of the hepatic arterial system.

Results
Among the ROIs drawn inside the same segment of target lesion, the time-to-peak of the ROI-t and of the ROI-ihl have a significantly higher mean value when the balloon was inflated compared with the ROIs obtained with deflated balloon (10.33 ± 3.66 s vs 8.87 ± 2.60 s (p = 0.015) for ROI-t; 10.50 ± 3.65 s vs 9.23 ± 2.70 s (p = 0.047) for ROI-ihl). The in silico model prediction time-to-peak delays when balloon was inflated, match with those observed in vivo. The numerical flow analysis shows how time-to-peak delays are caused by the obstruction of the balloon-occluded artery and the opening of intra-hepatic collateral.

Conclusion
The measurements identify predictively the flow redistribution in the hepatic arteries during b-TACE, supporting a proper positioning of the balloon microcatheter.
„It’s xenophobia, stupid!“ Soziodemografische Merkmale und Einstellungen der FPÖ-Wähler*innen
Authors: Krings Torben 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht auf Basis von Individualdaten des European Social Survey, welches die zentralen Determinanten sind, die die Wahl der FPÖ beeinflussen. Es werden drei theoretische Ansätze gegenübergestellt, die in der Literatur zum Rechtspopulismus dominieren: Die Modernisierungsverliererthese, die kulturelle Backlash-These und die Post-Demokratie-These. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Backlash-These die größte Erklärungskraft hat, warum Menschen die FPÖ wählen. Allerdings muss dieser Ansatz insoweit relativiert werden, als dass es weniger um eine allgemeine Ablehnung des gesellschaftlichen Wertewandels geht, sondern vielmehr um eine konkrete Anti-Zuwanderungshaltung. Zudem kann die kulturelle Dimension nicht losgelöst von politischen und ökonomischen Faktoren betrachtet werden. Vor allem die negativen Einstellungen der FPÖ-Wähler*innen zur europäischen Integration deuten auf eine Überlappung kultureller, politischer und ökonomischer Motive hin, die sich in einer Ablehnung von Migration und der multikulturellen Gesellschaft manifestiert.
Microstructural Evolution During Welding of High Si Solution-Strengthened Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron Using Different Filler Metals
Authors: Alizadeh-Sh M. , Fæster S. , Farahani E. B. , Sarhadi A. , Tiedje N. S. , Eder M. A. , Danielsen H. K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper deals in depth with characterizing bead-on-plate welds on EN-GJS-500-14 base metal, utilizing two filler metals: a pure Ni wire and a NiFe wire containing 45 wt pct Ni. The welds were conducted using the same heat input to ensure comparability in microstructure analysis. The microstructural observations were carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopies, X-ray tomography, X-ray diffraction analysis, and microhardness testing. Thermodynamic simulations using the non-equilibrium Scheil solidification model provide insights into the solidification process and the underlying metallurgical factors associated with the observed microstructural evolution. The observations revealed that the pure Ni wire deposited a softer fusion zone with graphite precipitation, while cementite precipitated in the fusion zone of NiFe alloy. The formation of martensite structures with different morphologies was the predominant microstructural evolution in the heat-affected zone of both welds. The partially melted zone of the pure Ni weld is narrower than the NiFe weld because more diffusion of Ni avoids widening the brittle structures in the partially melted zone. An unmixed zone in the form of a peninsula was exclusively observed in the fusion zone of the NiFe weld because of inadequate diffusion of Ni into the liquified materials along the fusion boundary.
Does urban particulate matter hinder COVID-19 transmission rate?
Authors: Penuelas Josep , Fernández-Martínez Marcos , Cobo Sandra , Badiella Llorenç , Sardans Jordi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on global health, with millions of people affected by the disease. Recent studies have shown that environmental factors such as air quality, temperature, and humidity can impact the survival and transmission of the virus, leading to differences in the rate of spread and severity of the disease in different regions. In this global cross-sectional study, we analyzed the relationship between environmental factors and the transmission and survival of the virus in 167 cities distributed all over the world. We used a dataset containing daily COVID-19 data for 167 cities from 01/05/2020 to 01/01/2022, along with variables related to atmospheric and environmental conditions. We found an expected positive relationship between increases in atmospheric NO2 concentration and increases in the infective rate of COVID-19. We also found an unexpected negative relationship between PM10 and COVID-19 spread, which was stronger in unpolluted cities, and indicating a likely stronger and faster deactivation of the viruses by the absorption to the larger than to the smaller particles, to PM10 more than to PM2.5. Although a complete analysis would require taking into account the restrictions in the city and the immunization status of the population, and the variance of COVID-19 spread explained by PM10 was small, only up to approx. 2%, these results contribute to a better understanding of the impact of particles on the spread of COVID-19 and other respiratory viral diseases thus informing public health policies and interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of these pandemics.
Situation Awareness in Tactical Police Interventions
Authors: Hansson Jonas , Borglund Erik A. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn extreme situations, the police have limited time to react when a threat or a situation arises suddenly. Situation awareness has been identified as a key factor for success in how tactical decisions are made. This helps the police to perform secure and legally correct interventions and decisions. We collected the primary data from 21 interviews with police officers, supplemented by literature and documents. We analyzed the relationship between tactical methods and situation awareness. The purpose of the article is to explore the relationship between police tactics and police officers’ work with situation awareness. Situation awareness has been studied through the lens of the Swedish police general tactical explanation model. We discuss how the general tactical explanation model provides the conditions for the police officers’ explanations to achieve situation awareness. We conclude that if the general tactical explanation model is applied during tactical interventions there are better possibilities to achieve situation awareness.
(Non)-Exertional Variables of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Heart Failure with and Without Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Wernhart Simon , Michel Lars , Carpinteiro Alexander , Luedike Peter , Rassaf Tienush 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) constitutes an important etiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Since patients with CA show early exhaustion, we aimed to investigate whether non-exertional variables of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provide additional information in comparison to traditional peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak).

Recent Findings
We retrospectively investigated CPET variables of patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF with (n = 21) and without (n = 21, HF) CA at comparable age and ejection fraction. Exertional and non-exertional CPET variables as well as laboratory and echocardiographic markers were analyzed. The primary outcome was the difference in CPET variables between groups. The secondary outcome was rehospitalization in patients with CA during a follow-up of 24 months. Correlations between CPET, NTproBNP, and echocardiographic variables were calculated to detect patterns of discrimination between the groups. HF patients with CA were inferior to controls in most exertional and non-exertional CPET variables. Patients with CA were hospitalized more often (p = 0.002), and rehospitalization was associated with VE/VCO2 (p = 0.019), peak oxygen pulse (p = 0.042), the oxygen equivalent at the first ventilatory threshold (p = 0.003), circulatory (p = 0.024), and ventilatory power (p < .001), but not VO2peak (p = 0.127). Higher performance was correlated with lower E/e’ and NTproBNP as well as higher resting heart rate and stroke volume in CA.

Summary
Patients with CA displayed worse non-exertional CPET performance compared to non-CA HF patients, which was associated with rehospitalization. Differences between correlations of resting echocardiography and CPET variables between groups emphasize different properties of exercise physiology despite comparable ejection fraction.
One sip of water with LT-4 supplementation—a key to euthyroidism in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Schnedl Wolfgang J. , Michaelis Simon , Mangge Harald , Enko Dietmar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Recommended pharmacotherapy for hypothyroidism in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is oral supplementation with levothyroxine (LT-4). However, serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels within normal range are not consistently achieved with LT-4 medication.

Patients and methods
We report on 35 HT patients with LT-4 therapy in this retrospective evaluation. In general, we recommend that a maximum of two sips of water, which would then amount to < 50 mL, be ingested at the same time as LT-4. We report on follow up examinations measuring TSH and antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) after 6 months to five years.

Results
After median time of 643 days (range 98-1825) we found in 35 HT patients a statistical significant reduction of serum TSH (p < 0.001) and TPOAb (p = 0.006). The patients median body weight was 71 kg (range 48–98) and a daily LT-4 dosage was used with median 69.1 µg (range 25–150). This results in a daily LT-4 dose of median 1.01 µg/kg bodyweight (range 0.3–2.3).

Conclusions
The reduction of water ingestion to a maximum of two sips, which is <50 mL, combined with LT-4 supplementation helps to achieve euthyroidism in HT. In addition, it reduces the L-T4 medication dosage needed to lower TSH serum levels and decreases TPO antibodies in HT.
Shattered ground, resilient souls: examining coping strategies, social support, and earthquake exposure’s effects on post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescent and young adults survivors of the 2023 earthquake in Türkiye
Authors: Can Gür Ganime 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven the profound impact of natural disasters on mental health, particularly in vulnerable groups such as adolescent and young adult, understanding their psychological results is crucial for providing necessary support and designing effective interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between earthquake exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, coping mechanisms, and social support in adolescents and young adults who survived the 2023 earthquake in Turkey. The research was conducted in Kırıkhan district of Hatay province, which was severely damaged after the earthquake that occurred in Turkey in 2023. The sample for the descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 204 participants. Convenience sampling method was used for data collection. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form (PIF), Impact of Events Scale (IES), Stress Coping Strategies Inventory (CSSI), and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MPSSS). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with IES-R scores. Three models were tested to understand the factors predicting levels of posttraumatic stress (IES-R scores). The findings suggest that exposure to earthquake, problem-focused coping and seeking support play an important role in understanding posttraumatic stress levels. This study provides valuable insights into the psychological impact of the earthquake on adolescents and young adults, as well as the development of effective intervention strategies and support programs for young earthquake survivors.
Welche ACR-Antwort soll in Zulassungsstudien bei der Rheumatoiden Arthritis zum Einsatz kommen?
Authors: Konzett V. , Kerschbaumer A. 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-Antworten werden seit ihrer Entwicklung im Jahr 1995 in nahezu allen bedeutenden Medikamentenstudien in der Rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) als primäre und sekundäre Endpunkte verwendet [1]. Welche Ansprechrate (ACR20, 50 oder 70) hierbei eine optimale Balance zwischen statistischer Power und klinischer Relevanz in der Therapielandschaft moderner Biologika- und Small-Molecule-Studien erfüllt, war lange Zeit unklar. In dieser Arbeit haben wir daher systematisch die 3 ACR-Antworten zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten und in verschiedenen Patientenpopulationen in randomisiert-kontrollierten RA-Zulassungsstudien verglichen – vor dem Hintergrund der Annahmen, dass sich das oben angeführte Gleichgewicht von statistischer Power und klinischer Relevanz zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten und in verschiedenen Patientengruppen unterscheidet, dass ein statistisch gewichtiger Outcomemarker essenziell ist zur Eingrenzung von Umfang und Dauer der Placeboexposition in klinischen Studien, und dass bei gleicher statistischer Power ein klinisch relevanter Marker zu bevorzugen ist. Zusammenfassend validiert unsere Arbeit die Verwendung der ACR20-Schwelle als primären Endpunkt vor allem zu frühen Zeitpunkten in klinischen Studien, da die diskriminative Kapazität im Vergleich zu ACR50- und ACR70-Antworten deutlich höher ist, während letztere vor allem zu späteren Zeitpunkten (z. B. um Woche 24) mit vergleichbarer statistischer Power angewandt werden können. Dieser longitudinale Vergleich der ACR-Metriken über die gesamte Dauer von placebokontrollierten Studien bietet neue Einblicke in die Dynamik und Aussagekraft der in der RA so häufig angewandten Parameter, und ist daher bedeutend sowohl für die Planung und Durchführung von klinischen Studien wie auch für die Interpretation ihrer Ergebnisse.
Development and Analysis of a Multi-Wavelength Near-Infrared Sensor for Monitoring Skin Hydration and Validation Using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Gidado Iman , Al-Halawani Raghda , Qassem Meha , Kyriacou Panicos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe monitoring of an individual’s hydration levels is a vital measurement required for the maintenance of a healthy skin barrier function as well as the avoidance of dehydration. The current commercial devices for this measure are typically based on electrical methodologies, such as capacitance, which allows for the extraction of skin hydration using the ionic balance deviations in the stratum corneum. The use of optical-based methods such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been recently explored for the measurement of skin hydration. Optical approaches have the ability to penetrate deeper into the skin layers and provide detailed information on the optical properties of present water bands. This paper presents the development of a multi-wavelength optical sensor and its capability of assessing skin hydration in an in vitro experiment utilizing porcine skin. Regression analysis of the results showed to be in line with standard reference measurements (R2 CV=0.952257), validating the accuracy of the developed sensor in measuring dermal water content. A Monte Carlo model of the human skin was also developed and simulated to predict the optical sensor’s performance at variable water concentrations. This model serves as a tool for validating the sensor measurement accuracy. The output from this model gave a standard expectation of the device, which agreed with trends seen in the in vitro work. This research strongly suggests that non-invasive (wearable) NIR based sensors could be used for the comprehensive assessment of skin hydration.
Cystatin C as an adjunct to HbA1c may prove useful in predicting the development of diabetic complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nilsson Charlotta , Dereke Jonatan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Complications from diabetes mellitus can occur over time and although glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a good biomarker for glycaemic control, other factors also contribute to the development of complications in type 1 diabetes. More markers able to identify the risk of complications are needed. This study aimed to investigate plasma levels of FGF21, Cystatin C, lipocalin-2, and MMP-9 in children and adolescents with different duration of type 1 diabetes and possible correlation to HbA1c to identify potential biomarkers of future complication development.

Methods
Patients (n = 244, 0–18 years) with type 1 diabetes, at Helsingborg’s Hospital, Sweden, were included in this study. Circulating levels of FGF21, Cystatin C, lipocalin-2, and MMP-9 were investigated in plasma using automated ELISA with the ELLA™ system and standardised controls.

Results
Cystatin C levels were elevated in patients with diabetes duration longer than 5 years (P < 0.001). HbA1c and Cystatin C levels were inversely correlated for all participants (rs = − 0.23, CI95: −0.35-−0.10; P < 0.001). A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that HbA1c (P < 0.001) and Cystatin C (P = 0.03) were associated to the duration of diabetes at sampling while MMP-9, lipocalin-2, and FGF21 did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Cystatin C levels were higher in patients with diabetes duration longer than 5 years, and inverse correlation was found between HbA1c and Cystatin C levels as well as duration of diabetes. Cystatin C may prove useful as an adjunct to HbA1c in predicting eventual development of diabetic complications.
Experimental Study of Electrical-Assisted Nanomachining of Monocrystalline Copper Using Customized Tungsten Tip
Authors: Wang Tao , Tian Yanling , Lu Zhilai , Wang Weijie , Zhang Zhao , Zhu Guangwei , Tang Hui , Zhang Dawei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a promising micro/nanofabrication method, electrical-assisted nanomachining has obtained substantial attention due to its high material removal rate and attainable superior surface quality. In this study, a rectangular wave electrical signal was applied for nanomachining by a customized tungsten tip. Owing to the coupling effect between the electric field and mechanical force, the cutting depth of the machined grooves can be expanded. In electrical-assisted groove processing, a depth of 270 nm and an aspect ratio of 0.6 on the copper sample can be achieved. The influence of operation parameters including applied voltage, frequency, duty ratio, normal force and cutting speed on the machining performance was investigated in terms of the groove depth, width, aspect ratio, and surface roughness. The potential machining mechanisms should be a combination of electric field force, nanoscale electric discharge, electric contact thermal effects, possible annealing behavior, and scraping and plowing actions induced by mechanical forces.