bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of living with assistance dog placements on quality of life in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder or a physical disability: A longitudinal service evaluation
Authors: Shoesmith Emily , Gibsone Selina , Bracher Ed , Smolkovič Iris , Jennings Kelly , Viles Laura , Easton Kate , Ratschen Elena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Assistance dogs are highly trained animals to support individuals with disabilities and medical conditions. Evidence suggests the support provided by an assistance dog can extend beyond physical assistance to therapeutic and communicative domains. However, there is limited research exploring the lived experience of assistance dog placements in the United Kingdom (UK) over an extended period of time. This longitudinal service evaluation was designed to evaluate the placement of assistance dogs, trained by the charity Dogs for Good, with adults and children with autism or a physical disability in the UK. Goals and expectations of being matched with an assistance dog prior to placement, and perceptions of how these dogs have impacted the quality of life of adults and children with autism and/or a physical disability and their families were assessed. Service users who had applied for an assistance dog via the Dogs for Good charity (n = 307) were contacted and invited to complete questionnaires at five different time points (pre-dog placement, and 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-months post dog-placement). Repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted to determine if there were significant changes to quality of life over time. Mean quality of life scores improved significantly for all service users. Responses to free-text questions were thematically analysed, and three main themes were identified from the free-text responses: goals and expectations for assistance dog pre-placement (e.g., enhancing independence, physical functioning and wellbeing), the positive impact of the assistance dog post-placement (e.g., promoting independence, development of the human-animal bond, improving wider family dynamics, and reducing stigma), and satisfaction with the service. The findings complement and extend previous insights into the impact of assistance dogs on people with autism or a physical disability. They also highlight some challenges associated with the placement of assistance dogs and indicate the need to consider the development of further targeted support strategies.
Finite-size effects in hyperuniform vortex matter
Authors: Milagros Besana Rocío , Elías Federico , Puig Joaquín , Aragón Sánchez Jazmín , Nieva Gladys , Benedykt Kolton Alejandro , Fasano Yanina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Novel hyperuniform materials are emerging as an active field of applied and basic research since they can be designed to have exceptional physical properties. This ubiquitous state of matter presents a hidden order that is characterized by the density of constituents of the system being uniform at large scales, as in a perfect crystal, although they can be isotropic and disordered like a liquid. In the quest for synthesizing hyperuniform materials in experimental conditions, the impact of finite-size effects remains as an open question to be addressed. We use vortex matter in type-II superconductors as a toy model system to study this issue. We previously reported that vortex matter nucleated in samples with point disorder is effectively hyperuniform and thus presents the interesting physical properties inherent to hyperuniform systems. In this work we present experimental evidence that on decreasing the thickness of the vortex system its hyperuniform order is depleted. By means of hydrodynamic arguments we show that the experimentally observed depletion can be associated to two crossovers that we describe within a hydrodynamic approximation. The first crossover length is thickness-dependent and separates a class-II hyperuniform regime at intermediate lengthscales from a regime that can become asymptotically non-hyperuniform for large wavelengths in very thin samples. The second crossover takes place at smaller lengthscales and marks the onset of a faster increase of density fluctuations due to the dispersivity of the elastic constants. Our work points to a novel mechanism of emerging hyperuniformity controlled by the thickness of the host sample, an issue that has to be taken into account when growing hyperuniform structures for technological applications.
Geodesic flows of compact higher genus surfaces without conjugate points have expansive factors
Authors: Mamani Edhin Franklin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper we show that a geodesic flow of a compact surface without conjugate points of genus greater than one is time-preserving semi-conjugate to a continuous expansive flow which is topologically mixing and has a local product structure. As an application we show that the geodesic flow of a compact surface without conjugate points of genus greater than one has a unique measure of maximal entropy. This gives an alternative proof of Climenhaga–Knieper–War Theorem.
The Optosystem: validation and testing of the high-speed electro-optical conversion system for the readout of the ATLAS ITk Pixel upgrade
Authors: Möbius S. ,   the ATLAS ITk Group
Published: April 2024

Abstract
After Run III the ATLAS detector will undergo a series of upgrades to cope with the harsher radiation environment and increased number of proton interactions in the High Luminosity-LHC. One of the key projects in this suite of upgrades is the ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk). The pixel detector of the ITk must be read out accurately and with extremely high rate. The Optosystem performs electro-optical conversion of signals from the pixel modules. This paper presents recent results related to the performance of the data transmission chain with a focus on the Optoboards and to the design, testing and production of the Optopanels.
Functionally graded structures in the involucre of Job’s tears
Authors: Kuwada Rikima , Ishii Daisuke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nature is filled with materials that are both strong and light, such as bones, teeth, bamboo, seashells, arthropod exoskeletons, and nut shells. The insights gained from analyzing the changing chemical compositions and structural characteristics, as well as the mechanical properties of these materials, have been applied in developing innovative, durable, and lightweight materials like those used for impact absorption. This research concentrates on the involucres of Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi), which are rich in silica, hard, and serve to encase the seeds. The chemical composition and structural characteristics of involucres were observed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and optical microscopy with safranin staining. The hardness of the outer and inner surfaces of the involucre was measured using the micro-Vickers hardness test, and the Young’s modulus of the involucre’s cross-section was measured using nanoindentation. Additionally, the breaking behavior of involucres was measured through compression test and three-point bending tests. The results revealed a smooth transition in chemical composition, as well as in the orientation and dimensions of the tissues from the outer to the inner layers of involucres. Furthermore, it was estimated that the spatial gradient of the Young’s modulus is due to the gradient of silica deposition. By distributing the hard, brittle silica in the outer layer and elastoplastic organic components in the middle and inner layers, the involucres effectively respond to compressive and tensile stresses that occur when loads are applied to the outside of the involucre. Furthermore, the involucres are reinforced in both meridional and equatorial directions by robust fibrovascular bundles, fibrous bundles, and the inner layer’s sclerenchyma fibers. From these factors, it was found that involucres exhibit high toughness against loads from outside, making it less prone to cracking.
Increased harvested carbon of cropland in China
Authors: Ren Peiyang , Wang Daju , Xia Xiaosheng , Chen Xiuzhi , Qin Zhangcai , Wei Jing , Liu Shuguang , O’Sullivan Mike , Yuan Wenping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Crop harvested carbon (HC) is one of the most important components of the carbon cycle in cropland ecosystems, with a significant impact on the carbon budget of croplands. China is one of the most important crop producers, however, it is still unknown on the spatial and temporal variations of HC. This study collected statistical data on crop production at the province and county levels in China for all ten crop types from 1981 to 2020 and analyzed the magnitude and long-term trend of harvested crop carbon. Our results found a substantial increase of HC in cropland from 0.185 Gt C yr−1 in 1981 to 0.423 Gt C yr−1 in 2020 at a rate of 0.006 Gt C yr−1. The results also highlighted that the average annual carbon sink removal from crop harvesting in China from 1981 to 2020 was 0.32 Gt C yr−1, which was comparable to the net carbon sink of the entire terrestrial ecosystems in China. This study further generated a gridded dataset of HC from 2001 to 2019 in China by using jointly the statistical crop production and distribution maps of cropland. In addition, a model-data comparison was carried out using the dataset and results from seven state-of-the-art terrestrial ecosystem models, revealing substantial disparities in HC simulations in China compared to the dataset generated in the study. This study emphasized the increased importance of HC for estimating cropland carbon budget, and the produced dataset is expected to contribute to carbon budget estimation for cropland ecosystems and the entire China.
Increasing risks of the explosive extratropical cyclones over the North Atlantic storm track: a perspective from their surface wind maxima
Authors: Fu Shen-Ming , Ma Hui , Jiang Li-Zhi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Extratropical cyclones play a crucial role in balancing the global momentum, energy, and moisture, and also, they shape the extreme weather events over the extra-tropics. As the strongest category of the extratropical cyclones, the explosive extratropical cyclones (EECs) frequently induce severe disasters through their strong surface winds. During the entire lifespan of an EEC, there is a maximum value of its surface wind (i.e. the maximum surface wind; MSW), which processes the greatest destructive power. After nearly a century of research on the EECs, key features about their MSWs still remain vague. In this study, we systematically investigate the EECs’ MSWs over the North Atlantic storm track (NAST) based on the ERA-Interim reanalysis. It is found that, the average intensity of EECs’ MSWs shows a significant increasing trend of ∼0.3 m s−1 per 10a. More importantly, for the last 20 years, even larger increasing rates of 1.5 m s−1 and 3.5 m s−1 per 10a are found in the average and maximum intensities of the EECs’ MSWs, respectively, implying the EECs’ risks increase notably for the NAST. We further clarify the physical mechanisms governing the production of EECs’ MSWs, and then establish a mechanism-based statistical model, which has the potential to predict the MSWs’ annual average intensity. In summary, our study fills a knowledge gap for the EECs’ MSWs, which would have broad implication of the economics and society.
Light Activism: alternative urban nightscapes
Authors: Flugelman Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Since their beginnings, artificial lighting technologies have been used as a tool by those in power to express their authority and ensure their control of cities. State and commercial hegemony determine urban lighting, which has a substantial spatial, semiotic, emotional, and physiological effect on us. Lighting conditions imposed from the top down inform our bodily experience of the night.
LED technology is revolutionizing artificial public lighting. Nevertheless, critical inquiry about its potential uses is sorely lacking. This research will explore the capacity of collective light interventions to turn public spaces into more inclusive nightscapes. It will focus on community-driven projects where the use of lighting contributes to the production of alternative urban experiences. The research engages methodological issues by asking how lighting tools can potentially contribute to community empowerment. Can lighting actions in public spaces propose other ways of interacting and other ways of experiencing the night?
This paper revolves around critical lighting practices. It shows how the use of light can foster citizen engagement and ignite new nocturnal imaginaries as the perception of the night is reshaped to restore communities’ right to the city. The intention is to bolster critical awareness regarding the use of light and the power underpinning its instrumentalization. This text will also shed light on the effect ephemeral collective light interventions have on public spaces and its perception.
Numerical Investigations on the Seismic Behavior of a Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure
Authors: Taranu G , Venghiac V M , Banu O M , Florea V 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recent seismic events that took place during the past two decades and struck densely populated areas caused significant material losses and, sometimes, casualties. Taking into account the ageing of the building stock around the world coupled with unavoidable degradations, urgent measures need to be taken to either strengthen or retrofit such structures based on data obtained from analytical, experimental or numerical investigations. The present paper presents the results of numerical simulations, using time-history analyses, on a scaled-down reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure subjected to two multidirectional seismic scenarios. The obtained results are discussed from the point of view of maximum displacements, accelerations and equivalent stresses. Considering the dynamic characteristics of the model, neither considered seismic event were able to produce large lateral displacements or accelerations. Damages were localized at the beam-column joints in case of Turkey 2023 earthquake scenario.
High-temperature behavior of zeolite-containing mortar. Experiment and modelling
Authors: Alexa-Stratulat M S , Bunea G , Banu O M , Maxineasa S G , Toma I O 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
High temperature experiments were carried out on cylindrical-shaped specimens of mortar containing different concentrations of either cement-replacing zeolite or aggregate-replacing zeolite. The behavior was compared with that of plain mortar. Furthermore, finite-element models were designed, based on material characteristics obtained on the real specimens, to test the temperature exposure effect when similar conditions were applied.
Time history comparative analyses of a thin-walled cold-formed steel structure considering P-D effect
Authors: Tăranu G. , Movilă M. , Luca S.G. , Pastia C. , Toma I.O. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The paper presents a comparative time history analysis based on the 1D-beam Finite Element Method (FEM) for a thin-walled cold-formed steel structure previously investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The recent earthquake which occurred in Turkey with 7.8Mw and a Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) of almost 0.5g showed numerous collapses of different types of buildings. Romania has an active seismic area located in the Vrancea region where, in 1977 a 7.5Mw earthquake also occurred. In this context, this paper presents a comparative analysis with time history accelerograms of the recorded earthquake in North – South and East - West directions. The structural model was analyzed in Robot Structural Analysis software in two scenarios of the time history accelerograms considering also the P-Δ effect. The finite elements of the structure were defined as 1-D beam elements with hinged joints and limited axial stiffness previously obtained in past studies. The results showed a substantial increase in terms of displacements and stresses.
Variable diameter pile foundations – advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Colţ O E , Neagu C P , Motău A , Dmitriev I , Chercheja L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Variable diameter pile foundations can be an efficient foundation solution used for special structures, mainly for the ones with increased heights. For economic efficiency in land use, especially in urban areas, there is a tendency to build very high constructions with very small footprint related to their height, which transmit large loads to the foundation soil. Based on these aspects, it is necessary to consider pile foundations in order to ensure the desired safety and stability requirements. The technologies for piles constructions evolved a lot and a main objective was to better use the interaction between the soil and the pile. From this point a view the paper presents a comparison between the bearing capacities of a constant diameter pile and a variable diameter pile, considering different soil conditions. All the calculations were performed using finite element analyses.
Exploring the connection between adaptive architecture and artificial intelligence
Authors: Dohotariu I 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Interactive adaptive architecture refers to the design of systems that can adapt to changes in their operating environment through interaction with users or other agents in the system. Artificial intelligence, on the other hand, refers to the ability of computer systems to perform tasks that would otherwise require human intelligence. Interactive adaptive architecture and artificial intelligence are two interconnected concepts that have evolved with the development of cybernetics. The development of interactive architecture based on the use of artificial intelligence will not mean the disappearance of architecture, as we know it, but rather a change in the way it is perceived. In the future, architecture will be participatory, with an active role of inhabitants in shaping and transforming architectural habitats, but there will always be a need for a moderator, the architect, to design and set the rules of the game for humans.
The use of microphysiological systems to model metastatic cancer
Authors: Jackson Caitlin E , Green Nicola H , English William R , Claeyssens Frederik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the 21st century, with metastasis of cancer attributing to 90% of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, to improve patient outcomes there is a need for better preclinical models to increase the success of translating oncological therapies into the clinic. Current traditional static in vitro models lack a perfusable network which is critical to overcome the diffusional mass transfer limit to provide a mechanism for the exchange of essential nutrients and waste removal, and increase their physiological relevance. Furthermore, these models typically lack cellular heterogeneity and key components of the immune system and tumour microenvironment. This review explores rapidly developing strategies utilising perfusable microphysiological systems (MPS) for investigating cancer cell metastasis. In this review we initially outline the mechanisms of cancer metastasis, highlighting key steps and identifying the current gaps in our understanding of the metastatic cascade, exploring MPS focused on investigating the individual steps of the metastatic cascade before detailing the latest MPS which can investigate multiple components of the cascade. This review then focuses on the factors which can affect the performance of an MPS designed for cancer applications with a final discussion summarising the challenges and future directions for the use of MPS for cancer models.
Analytical solution to second-harmonic generation of ultrashort laser pulse
Authors: Peng Yufei , Hu Chenyang , Hong Lihong , Li Zhiyuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present an analytical method to evaluate the second-harmonic generation (SHG) process of ultrashort laser pulses in a nonlinear medium within the small-signal regime. Building upon the broadband nonlinear coupled wave theory, we derive an analytical solution that allows one to investigate the fundamental physics and detailed dynamics of the nonlinear interaction between ultrashort laser pulses. We find that SHG for ultrashort laser pulses in a nonlinear crystal arises from a series of self-SHG and self sum-frequency generation processes involving different frequency components. We have applied the analytical method to investigate specific pulse profiles with Gaussian and sech functions and found good agreement between analytical theory and numerical simulations, validating the accuracy of the analytical approach. The analytical method enables one to explore the evolution of the second-harmonic wave under various pulse profiles, pulse widths, and crystal thicknesses, and offers a more efficient and insightful approach to study the nonlinear optical dynamics of ultrashort laser pulses.
Research on the grouped orthonormalization method in ghost imaging
Authors: Yin Longfei , Liu Tiantian , Mai Xinlong , Sun Shilun , Yin Pengqi , Wu Guohua , Luo Bin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ghost imaging (GI) has found application across diverse fields owing to its distinctive benefits. When employing the rotating ground-glass scheme and utilizing second-order correlation for image reconstruction, the efficiency of imaging is hindered by the multiple sampling of reference patterns. To address this, the orthonormalization method has been employed to enhance image quality and reduce the required number of measurements. Despite its effectiveness, the original orthonormalization method is prone to accumulating imaging noise and errors as the number of measurements increases, leading to a significant degradation in image quality. To overcome this limitation, this paper introduces the grouped orthonormalization method (GO-GI) as an extension of the orthonormalization technique. By adjusting the ‘group size’, this method enables control over the accumulation of errors, resulting in an improvement in image quality. The evaluation of image quality in terms of Contrast-to-Noise demonstrates the significant advantages of the GO-GI method in both simulation and experimental results. This study establishes the GO-GI method as a simple yet practical approach in the realm of GI.
Invited commentary: where do the causal DAGS come from?
Authors: Didelez Vanessa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
How do we construct our causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs)—for example, for life-course modeling and analysis? In this commentary, I review how the data-driven construction of causal DAGs (causal discovery) has evolved, what promises it holds, and what limitations or caveats must be considered. I find that expert- or theory-driven model-building might benefit from some more checking against the data and that causal discovery could bring new ideas to old theories.
A machine-readable specification for genomics assays
Authors: Booeshaghi Ali Sina , Chen Xi , Pachter Lior 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Understanding the structure of sequenced fragments from genomics libraries is essential for accurate read preprocessing. Currently, different assays and sequencing technologies require custom scripts and programs that do not leverage the common structure of sequence elements present in genomics libraries.

Results
We present seqspec, a machine-readable specification for libraries produced by genomics assays that facilitates standardization of preprocessing and enables tracking and comparison of genomics assays.

Availability and implementation
The specification and associated seqspec command line tool is available at https://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10213865.