bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Renshen Yangying Decoction Combined with Chemotherapy on Traditional Chinese Medical Symptoms and T Cell Subsets in Patients with Cervical Cancer of Ganyu Qizhi Type
Authors: Yin Zijie , Hou Xueqin 
Published: April 2024

Background To confirm the effects of the combination of Renshen Yangying decoction and chemotherapy on traditional Chinese medical symptoms and T cell subsets in patients with cervical cancer (CC) of Ganyu Qizhi type.Methods: Patients with CC of Ganyu Qizhi type admitted to our hospital (n=96) were selected and evenly divided into control and observation groups. The patients in control group received chemotherapy, while those in observation group were additionally treated with Renshen Yangying decoction. The clinical efficacy, traditional Chinese medical symptom (TCMS) score, serum tumor markers, changes of serum T lymphocyte subsets and adverse effects were compared.Results: The distribution of clinical efficacy grade in all patients after treatment was statistically significant, and the clinical benefit rate (CBR) of observation group was higher than that of control group. The TCMS score, the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) were also decreased after treatment, and those were decreased in observation group. Levels of serum CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+, and natural killer (NK) cell percentage were higher, yet serum CD8+ cell percentage was lower after treatment, and in patients of observation group, levels of serum CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+, and NK cell percentage were higher, yet serum CD8+ cell percentage was lower. The incidence of adverse effects in the observation group was lower than that in the control group.Conclusion: Renshen Yangying decoction combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of CC of Ganyu Qizhi type can alleviate the clinical symptoms, reduce serum tumor markers, and improve the cellular immunity, with significant clinical efficacy and good safety on patients.
Soil and Foliar Application of Zn and Fe Impact on Growth, Grain Yield and Seed Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Ugile S. K. , Chaudhari A. A. , Chavan P. G. , Mane S. S. , Satpathy Arghyadeep 
Published: April 2024

A field experiment was conducted in kharif season of 2021-22 at Village Nuapur, Tal. Sadar, Dist.Balasore, (Odisha) through Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry College of Agriculture, Badnapur, VNMKV, Parbhani, with an objective to study the Soil and foliar application of zinc and iron impact on growth, grain yield and seed quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.).The treatment were tested in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 replications i.e., T1-RDF, T2-RDF+Nano Zn(0.5% foliar spray at 30 DAS ) , T3-RDF+Nano Fe (0.5% foliar spray at 30 DAS) , T4-RDF + Nano Fe+Nano Zn(0.5% foliar spray at 30 DAS) , T5- RDF + ZnSO4 (25 kg ha-1 soil application),T6-RDF+FeSO4(25 kg ha-1 soil application), T7-RDF+ZnSO4+FeSO4(25 kg ha-1 soil application).The result emerged out clearly indicated the significantly higher plant height (128.2 cm) was noted at harvest stage with treatment T7: RDF+ZnSO4+FeSO4 (25 kg ha-1 soil application) among all treatments. Significantly higher number of tillers plants-1 (16.5), effective tillers per square meter (337), panicle length (31.2cm) and number of grains per panicle (188) maximum grain and straw yield of rice (47.9 and 62.5 q ha-1) at harvest stage were recorded in T4 : RDF+ Nano Fe + Nano Zn (0.5%foliar spray at 30 DAS. In grain quality the maximum test weight (24.2g), highest starch content (86.4%) was obtained with treatment T4: RDF + Nano Fe + Nano Zn(0.5%foliar spray at 30 DAS).
Butene Polymers
Authors: Chatterjee Ananda M. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Polybutylene (PB) refers to a series of commercial semicrystalline resins derived from high molecular weight, predominantly isotactic poly(1‐butene) homopolymer or copolymer. 1‐Butene is manufacture by the catalytic oligomerization of ethylene. It can also be manufactured from mixed butylenes streams: acid extraction, the Sorbutene process, and the methyl
tert
‐butyl ether process. Isotactic poly (1‐butene) is manufactured by a stereospecific Zeigler‐Natta polymerization. In melt processing of commercial PB resins, two crystal forms are encountered. PB pipe can be fabricated by extrusion, PB film is produced by a blown film process. Other processing systems are also discussed. The most important commercial outlet for PB resins is in pipe with applications that include cold‐water service and cold‐ and hot‐ water plumbing. Some other pipe applications include well piping, heat‐pump piping, and fire‐sprinkler piping. The advantages of PB in pipe applications include flexibility, toughness, resistance to creep, environmental stress cracking, wet abrasion, and chemicals. PB can also be used in seals on containers and packages since it has the ability to peel with controllable force. Data are also given on specifications and analytical methods. 1‐Butene is flammable. It is not toxic at moderate concentrations, higher concentrations cause an anesthetic effect,
Poly(arylene sulfide)s
Authors: Hill H. Wayne , Brady D. G. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Poly(phenylene sulfide), PPS, was one of the first synthetic resins. Structurally, the polymer backbone of PPS is composed of a series of alternating aromatic rings and sulfur atoms. PPS resins were first reported as by‐products by Friedel and Crafts as early as 1888. In 1967, Phillips Petroleum Co. developed a new process for making these resins based on the reaction of
p
‐dichlorobenzene with sodium sulfide in a polar organic solvent. Phillips began its first production of Ryton PPS in 1973. Ryton is still marketed today by Chevron Phillips. PPS resins exhibit exceptional resistance to thermal degradation and high distortion temperatures, as well as outstanding chemical and flame resistance. PPS is used mainly for injection molding. Ryton compounds have been approved for applications where safety is of the utmost importance. Certain grades also comply with government regulations for contact with food. Fortron PPS (Ticona) was the first resins that could be used in melt‐blown nonwovens because of its inherent flame retardancy. PPS is used primarily in automotive applications. It is also used in the electrical and electronic fields and in appliances.
Polyetheretherketones
Authors: May Rennie 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) was first produced in 1978 in the UK laboratories of Imperial Chemical Industries. The polymer initially was conceived as a high temperature‐resistant, tough cable‐insulation material. However, since commercialization of the polymer in 1981, the combination of ease of processing and excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties at high temperatures established PEEK as a general‐purpose molding and extrusion material in both natural and reinforced forms for high performance applications.
KetaSripe and AvaSpire from Solvay and Victrex PEEK from Victrex are the commercial products available. The conventional processability of PEEK has resulted in a wide range of modified products incorporating glass, carbon or particulate fillers. Typical industries using the polymers are electrical, automotive, aerospace, chemical, medical, and engineering plastics to name a few.
Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
Authors: Dlubek Günter 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPositron annihilation spectroscopy with its special methods of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), Doppler‐broadening of annihilation radiation, and angular correlation of annihilation radiation represents an important experimental tool for the study of the free volumes in amorphous and semicrystalline polymers. From PALS, the most important technique for the investigation of polymers and other molecular materials, the size distribution of subnanometer‐size local free volumes (holes) can be determined. The fundamentals and experimental techniques of this method for the investigation of bulk and near‐surface properties are outlined. Typical examples for the study of the temperature and pressure dependence of the free volume and the effect of chemical heterogeneities on PALS are presented.
Hydrogenation
Authors: Hahn Stephen F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe hydrogenation of polymers is a widely practiced postpolymerization chemical modification reaction. The hydrogenation of polymers provides materials that are more thermally and oxidatively stable when compared with their precursor polymers. Hydrogenated polymers are a commercially important class of materials, particularly in the area of elastomeric systems. The chemistry required to bring about the hydrogenation of polymers has significant differences compared with similar reactions performed on small‐molecule substrates. Specific catalytic chemistry, with both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts, has been developed for the hydrogenation of polymers. Chemical methods are also known that can conveniently hydrogenate a range of polymeric substrates. This article reviews the types of polymeric substrates that have been hydrogenated and their products, the use of these materials to advance the fundamental understanding of polymer structure/property relationships, and the synthetic methods and processes that have been developed to bring about polymeric hydrogenation.
Observation of early childhood physical aggression: a psychometric study of the system for coding early physical aggression
Authors: Mesman Judi , Alink Lenneke R.A. , van Zeijl Jantien , Stolk Mirjam N. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Juffer Femmie , Koot Hans M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe investigated the reliability and (convergent and discriminant) validity of an observational measure of physical aggression in toddlers and preschoolers, originally developed by Keenan and Shaw [1994]. The observation instrument is based on a developmental definition of aggression. Physical aggression was observed twice in a laboratory setting, the first time when children were 1–3 years old, and again 1 year later. Observed physical aggression was significantly related to concurrent mother‐rated physical aggression for 2‐ to 4‐year‐olds, but not to maternal ratings of nonaggressive externalizing problems, indicating the measure's discriminant validity. However, we did not find significant 1‐year stability of observed physical aggression in any of the age groups, whereas mother‐rated physical aggression was significantly stable for all ages. The observational measure shows promise, but may have assessed state rather than trait aggression in our study. Aggr. Behav. 34:539–552. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lay knowledge of eyewitness issues: A Canadian evaluation
Authors: Read J. Don , Desmarais Sarah L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLay opinions concerning eyewitness topics were surveyed in three community samples of juror‐eligible participants in Canada. The scientific reliability of these topics had been previously evaluated by eyewitness experts. The first survey assessed participant responses to the identically worded expert items. Participants responded to many statements with greater accuracy than anticipated. Two subsequent surveys assessed the consistency of lay knowledge across variations in the directionality and wording of items and the provision of additional contextual information. Taken together, jury‐eligible participants frequently responded to survey items in ways that closely resembled the responses of experts and suggested awareness and understanding of these topics at levels beyond those previously obtained. Further, the provision of contextual information increased response accuracy and reduced the frequencies of ‘Don't Know’ responses. Deficiencies in knowledge for 50% of the topics were also apparent; however, these topics were frequently those for which the experts themselves had not reached consensus. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pictorial representations in statistical reasoning
Authors: Brase Gary L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn an ongoing debate between two visions of statistical reasoning competency, ecological rationality proponents claim that pictorial representations help tap into the frequency coding mechanisms of the mind, whereas nested sets proponents argue that pictorial representations simply help one to appreciate general subset relationships. Advancing this knowledge into applied areas is hampered by this present disagreement. A series of experiments used Bayesian reasoning problems with different pictorial representations (Venn circles, iconic symbols and Venn circles with dots) to better understand influences on performance across these representation types. Results with various static and interactive presentations of pictures all indicate a consistent advantage for iconic representations. These results are more consistent with an ecological rationality view of how these pictorial representations achieve facilitation in statistical task performance and provide more specific guidance for applied uses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
False memories for a robbery in young and older adults
Authors: Aizpurua Alaitz , Garcia‐Bajos Elvira , Migueles Malen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to analyse memory performance in young and older adults based on a robbery scenario. The study examined free recall and the recognition of actions, people and details, as well as the Remember/Know/Guess judgements that accompanied recognition. Recognition was evaluated both immediately and 1 week later, although performance was not affected by the retention interval. In the free recall task, the older adults remembered less information than the younger adults but we found no differences between the two with regard to errors. Participants accepted more false actions, thus achieving higher recognition accuracy for people and details. They also categorized false alarms for actions more often as remember than as know or guess judgements. This pattern of results was more pronounced in the older adults, suggesting that aging is an important factor in false memories for events. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anxiety and terrorism: Automatic stereotypes affect visual attention and recognition memory for White and Middle Eastern faces
Authors: Horry Ruth , Wright Daniel B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAutomatic stereotypes and emotional state can affect cognitive processes such as attention, perception, and memory. Two experiments were carried out to investigate whether anxiety and stereotypes of Middle Easterners influence attention and recognition memory in White participants. A dot‐probe procedure was used, with White and Middle Eastern faces as stimuli. The results showed that anxious participants who were exposed to terrorism‐related words showed a visual bias toward Middle Eastern faces, and were more accurate at recognizing both White and Middle Eastern faces. Non‐anxious participants, after exposure to the same primes, showed an attentional bias toward the White faces. Overall, participants were more accurate at recognizing the White faces than the Middle Eastern faces. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Planting false memories for childhood sexual abuse only happens to emotionally disturbed people… not me or my friends
Authors: Pezdek Kathy , Blandon‐Gitlin Iris 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPezdek et al. (2006) reported that although imagining a plausible event increased people's belief in the event, imagining an implausible event did not. In response, Rubin and Berntsen (2007) conducted a survey and reported that only 17.8% considered it implausible that someone ‘with longstanding emotional problems and a need for psychotherapy’ could be a victim of childhood sexual abuse and forget the abuse. We replicated but qualified their findings; perceptions of the plausibility of this event for (a) respondents themselves and (b) other people in their cohort were substantially lower than the perceived general plausibility reported by Rubin and Berntsen. These findings limit the generalizability of Rubin and Berntsen's results to perceptions of personal plausibility and cohort plausibility, even for individuals indicating that they are likely to seek psychotherapy. Consequently, the risk of inducing false memories in psychotherapy may not be a ‘substantial danger’ as Rubin and Berntsen suggest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal degradation kinetics of calcium‐enriched bio‐oil
Authors: Xulai Yang , Jian Zhang , Xifeng Zhu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of calcium‐enriched bio‐oil (CEB) was studied in air by thermogravimetric experiments. The characteristics, to a great extent, are quite similar to that of calcium acetate (CA). The decomposition processes can be divided into four stages: the loss of volatile materials, devolatilization and degradation of pyrolytic lignin, decomposition of organic calcium salts and residual carbon, decomposition of CaCO3 to CaO. The activation energy values are lower than that of CA at the corresponding decomposition stages. The CaCO3 from amorphous CEBs exhibits the higher calcination rate than that from CA. The actual mechanisms of the second and the third stages obey the nucleation and growth model (A1), with integral form of F(α) = −ln(1 − α). The high‐porosity of calcined CEBs should be the further evidence of the mechanism. Correspondingly, the mechanism of the fourth stage obeys three‐dimensional (3‐D) phase boundary reaction (R3) mechanism with integral form of F(α) = 1−(1 − α)1/3. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Premix membrane emulsification by using a packed layer of glass beads
Authors: van der Zwan E. A. , Schroën C. G. P. H. , Boom R. M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPremix membrane emulsification is a very efficient process. Its prime disadvantage, depth fouling of the pores, could be avoided by using instead of a membrane, a packed layer of small particles, that can be resuspended and cleaned in suspension after emulsification. The effectiveness of emulsification with this system was measured. The energy density approach was extended to predict the droplet size as a function of pressure drop, bed height, and number of passes. Three different extensions to the model were compared, and a reasonable description was found for the resulting droplet size in all the experiments (167) for a four‐parameter model. It is expected that the function derived can be helpful to describe conventional membrane homogenization, since a first comparison showed that the data obtained with the particle bed are similar to those obtained in literature with membranes. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Solid–liquid phase behavior of ternary mixtures
Authors: Attwood Brian C. , Hall Carol K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Gibbs Duhem integration technique is extended to calculate ternary phase diagrams at constant temperature and pressure. The technique is used to calculate solid–liquid–vapor phase equilibria for a system selected to roughly model a mixture of two diastereomeric molecules of similar melting point and diameter immersed in a solvent with a lower melting point and a slightly smaller diameter. The cross‐species well‐depth and diameter between the two diastereomers are varied to determine their impact on the phase equilibria. We find that when the interspecies well‐depth is lowered to less than that of either of the diastereomers, the solid phase separates into two solid solutions and consequently there is a region of three‐phase coexistence in the ternary phase diagram. We then calculate ternary phase diagrams at a series of temperatures for one set of molecular parameters. For an equimolar mixture of diastereomers, there is a range of temperature and solvent concentration at which only one of the diastereomers will precipitate, thus effecting a separation of the diastereomers. As the temperature is decreased the purity of the precipitate increases. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Large eddy simulation of the gas–liquid flow in a stirred tank
Authors: Zhang Yanhong , Yang Chao , Mao Zai‐Sha 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBoth the large eddy simulation (LES) technique and the k‐ε turbulent model were used to simulate the gas‐liquid turbulent flow in a stirred tank driven by a Rushton impeller. A Eulerian‐Eulerian two‐fluid model for gas–liquid two‐phase flow was developed using the large eddy simulation for both gas and liquid phases. The relative movement of the rotating impeller to the static baffles was accounted for through the improved inner‐outer iterative algorithm. The spatial discretization of the governing equations was performed on a cylindrical staggered grid. For the LES, a conventional Smagorinsky sub‐grid model was adapted to modeling the turbulence of the liquid phase. The momentum and continuity equations were discretized using the finite difference method, with a third order QUICK (Quadratic Upwind Interpolation for Convective Kinematics) scheme used for convective terms. The phase‐resolved predictions of the LES were compared with the experimental data and the simulation results by the standard k‐ε model, suggesting that the LES has much better accuracy than the k‐ε model. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Toward an epistemology ofWikipedia
Authors: Fallis Don 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWikipedia(the “free online encyclopedia that anyone can edit”) is having a huge impact on how a great many people gather information about the world. So, it is important for epistemologists and information scientists to ask whether people are likely to acquire knowledge as a result of having access to this information source. In other words, is Wikipedia having goodepistemicconsequences? After surveying the various concerns that have been raised about the reliability of Wikipedia, this article argues that the epistemic consequences of people using Wikipedia as a source of information are likely to be quite good. According to several empirical studies, the reliability of Wikipedia compares favorably to the reliability of traditional encyclopedias. Furthermore, the reliability of Wikipedia compares even more favorably to the reliability of those information sources that people would be likely to use if Wikipedia did not exist (viz., Web sites that are as freely and easily accessible as Wikipedia). In addition, Wikipedia has a number of other epistemic virtues (e.g., power, speed, and fecundity) that arguably outweigh any deficiency in terms of reliability. Even so, epistemologists and information scientists should certainly be trying to identify changes (or alternatives) to Wikipedia that will bring about even better epistemic consequences. This article suggests that to improve Wikipedia, we need to clarify what our epistemic values are and to better understand why Wikipedia works as well as it does.Somebody who reads Wikipedia is “rather in the position of a visitor to a public restroom,” says Mr. McHenry, Britannica's former editor. “It may be obviously dirty, so that he knows to exercise great care, or it may seem fairly clean, so that he may be lulled into a false sense of security. What he certainly does not know is who has used the facilities before him.” One wonders whether people like Mr. McHenry would prefer there to be no public lavatories at all.The Economist(Vol. 379, April 22, 2006, pp. 14–15)