bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of river basin restoration options by the application of the Water Framework Directive Explorer in the Zwalm River basin (Flanders, Belgium)
Authors: Mouton Ans M. , Van Der Most Herman , Jeuken Ad , Goethals Peter L. M. , De Pauw Niels 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWater managers and researchers strive towards the same objective: the improvement of the quality status of water bodies. However, there is still a gap between the results of academic studies on water systems and the information currently used in water management. The Water Framework Directive (WFD)‐Explorer, a modular toolbox which supports integrated water management in a river basin, attempts to bridge this gap. The toolbox analyses the impact of different restoration measures on river ecology based on expert rules embedded in this simulation environment. The strengths and weaknesses of the toolbox have been tested on the Zwalm River basin in Flanders, Belgium. The ecological status of streams in the basin spans the whole range of nearly pristine headwaters to severely impacted river stretches further downstream. Considering the key bottlenecks in the Zwalm basin and the user‐driven ecological status objectives, several water quality and physical habitat restoration options have been proposed to meet the European Water Framework Directive goals. The positive impact of restoration measures on the ecological quality ratio (EQR) for macroinvertebrates appeared to be the highest for measures affecting the nutrient inflows and thus chemical water body characteristics. However, the spatial scale on which the WFD‐Explorer modelled the impact of physical habitat restoration may have been too coarse to generate reliable results concerning such restoration measures. Hence, the combination of the WFD‐Explorer results with those of more detailed studies on physical habitat restoration impacts might be a promising approach to reliably support decision‐making implementation of the WFD. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size and age distributions of juvenile Connecticut River American shad above Hadley Falls: influence on outmigration representation and timing
Authors: O'Donnell Matthew J. , Letcher Benjamin H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAge‐ and size‐based habitat use and movement patterns of young‐of‐year American shad in rivers are not well understood. Adult females reach their natal rivers at different times and ascend the river at different rates, which may lead to variation of hatch dates at a single location. Also, shad are serial spawners, so eggs of the same female may be released at different distances from the river mouth. It has long been hypothesized that juvenile shad emigration is a function of size or age, and not necessarily keyed only to a decrease in water temperature during the fall. We seined three sites in the Connecticut River biweekly to collect pre‐migrant shad during river residence (spring to fall). During emigration, samples were also collected weekly at two hydroelectric facilities. Otoliths were removed from ∼20% of the fish to obtain age and growth rate information. We found increases in length and age over time until late in the season, after which such increases were mostly insignificant. Cohorts collected early in the year as pre‐migrants were never sampled as migrants later in the year at the hydroelectric projects. Cohorts collected late in the year as migrants were never collected earlier in the year as pre‐migrants. Only during a narrow window of time were fish collected as both pre‐migrants and migrants. Fish that were hatched later in the season exhibited higher growth rates than fish that were hatched earlier in the season. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of a prototype surface collector for juvenile salmonids at Bonneville Dam's first powerhouse on the Columbia River, Oregon
Authors: Evans Scott D. , Adams Noah S. , Rondorf Dennis W. , Plumb John M. , Ebberts Blaine D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDuring April–July 2000, we radio‐tagged and released juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to evaluate a prototype surface flow bypass at Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. The mock bypass, called a prototype surface collector (PSC), had six vertical slot entrances that were each 6 m wide and 12 m deep. The PSC was retrofitted to the upstream face of Bonneville Dam's First Powerhouse. Our objectives were to: (1) assess species‐specific differences in movement patterns and behaviour of fish within 6 m of the face of the PSC, (2) estimate the efficiency and effectiveness of the PSC and (3) evaluate factors affecting the performance of the PSC. We found that 60–72% of the fish, depending on species, detected within 6 m of the PSC entered it. Of the fish that passed the First Powerhouse at turbines 1–6, 79–83% entered the PSC. Diel period was a significant contributor to PSC performance for all species, and day of year was a significant contributor to PSC performance for subyearling Chinook salmon. The PSC was twice as effective (%fish/%flow) as the spillway, passing 2.5:1 steelhead and subyearling Chinook salmon and 2.4:1 yearling Chinook salmon per unit of water. If fully implemented, the PSC would increase the percentage of fish that pass the First Powerhouse through non‐turbine routes from 65–77% (without the PSC) to 76–85% (with the PSC), depending on species. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phthalocyanines: From outstanding electronic properties to emerging applications
Authors: Claessens Christian G. , Hahn Uwe , Torres Tomás 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis review paper gives a brief overview on how the outstanding chemical and physical properties of phthalocyanines and phthalocyanine derivatives are being studied and employed in order to construct state‐of‐the‐art technological devices. In a first instance, a short account on how the nature of the phthalocyanine structure and its organization in condensed phases play an important role in their conducting and ultraviolet‐visible absorption properties is presented. Consequently, these basic electronic and photophysical features of phthalocyanines allow us to explain why phthalocyanine‐based multicomponent covalent or noncovalent donor‐acceptor systems may give rise to very interesting photophysical properties, in particular in terms of their ability to generate very long‐lived photoinduced charge‐separated states. A concise survey on the organization of these multifunctional systems shows how a profound understanding of the morphology at the nanometer‐scale of these phthalocyanine‐based molecular materials is needed in order to control their physical properties in condensed phases. All the previously mentioned chemical and physical features combined together led us to the description of the latest attempts at incorporating phthalocyanines into photovoltaic devices for solar energy conversion and onto quantum dots for photodynamic therapy or quantum computing. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 75–97; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20139
Soil and water erosion under different plant species in a semiarid river valley, SW China: the effects of plant morphology
Authors: Xu Xian‐Li , Ma Ke‐Ming , Fu Bo‐Jie , Liu Wen , Song Cheng‐Jun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe small‐scale effects of plant morphology in improving soil quality and reducing runoff and soil loss have remained unclear, especially in some arid environments with sparse vegetation. We selected three representative species with contrasting morphologies (Artemisia gmelinii; Ajania potaninii; Pulicaria chrysantha) to examine the effects of plant morphology on soil quality, runoff, and soil loss in the dry‐warm river valley of the upper reach of Minjiang River, SW China. Runoff events were monitored from July through October 2006 using runoff plots on a micro scale (<40 × 40 cm2) on a south‐facing slope. The observation duration for rainfall and runoff events can be divided into two stages. Higher runoff depth, but lower soil loss per event occurred at the second stage as compared with the first stage due to the differences in rainfall, plant, and soil surface characteristics. The two herbs, A. gmelinii and P. chrysantha, had greater improvements on soil quality yielding high soil nutrient content and low soil compactness, while the effectiveness of the small shrub, A. potaninii, was minimal. Relative to bare surface (control treatment), the effectiveness of reducing runoff depth per event was 64.9, 66.6 and 38.0%, and reducing soil loss 65.5, 59.3 and 69.9% for A. gmelinii, A. potaninii, and P. chrysantha, respectively. All three plant species can improve soil quality and reduce runoff and soil loss, but their effects vary, which implies that plant morphology has to be considered while selecting species for ecosystem restoration.
Quality of life, resource consumption and costs of spinal cord stimulation versus conventional medical management in neuropathic pain patients with failed back surgery syndrome (PROCESS trial)
Authors: Manca Andrea , Kumar Krishna , Taylor Rod S. , Jacques Line , Eldabe Sam , Meglio Mario , Molet Joan , Thomson Simon , O'Callaghan Jim , Eisenberg Elon , Milbouw Germain , Buchser Eric , Fortini Gianpaolo , Richardson Jonathan , Taylor Rebecca J. , Goeree Ron , Sculpher Mark J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Chronic back and leg pain conditions result in patients’ loss of function, reduced quality of life and increased costs to the society.Aims: To assess health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and cost implications of spinal cord stimulation plus non‐surgical conventional medical management (SCS group) versus non‐surgical conventional medical management alone (CMM group) in the management of neuropathic pain in patients with failed back surgery syndrome.Methods: A total of 100 patients were randomised to either the SCS or CMM group. Healthcare resource consumption data relating to screening, the use of the implantable generator in SCS patients, hospital stay, and drug and non‐drug pain‐related treatment were collected prospectively. Resource consumption was costed using UK and Canadian 2005–2006 national figures. HRQoL was assessed using the EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D) questionnaire. Costs and outcomes were assessed for each patient over their first 6‐months of the trial.Results: The 6‐month mean total healthcare cost in the SCS group (CAN$19,486; €12,653) was significantly higher than in the CMM group (CAN$3994; €2594), with a mean adjusted difference of CAN$15, 395 (€9997) (p<0.001). However, the gain in HRQoL with SCS over the same period of time was markedly greater in the SCS group, with a mean EQ‐5D score difference of 0.25 [p<0.001] and 0.21 [p<0.001], respectively at 3‐ and 6‐months after adjusting for baseline variables.Conclusions: The addition of SCS to CMM in patients with neuropathic leg and back pain results in higher costs to health systems but also generates important improvements in patients’ EQ‐5D over the same period.
Transient and distortion product evoked oto‐acoustic emissions in normal hearing patients with and without tinnitus
Authors: Granjeiro Ronaldo C. , Kehrle Helga M. , Bezerra Roberta L. , Almeida Vanessa F. , André L. L. Sampaio , Oliveira Carlos A. 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that tinnitus begins with outer hair cell dysfunction by recording transient (TEOAE) and distortion product evoked (DPOAE) oto‐acoustic emissions in patients with normal hearing with (study group, SG) and without tinnitus (control group, CG).Study DesignCase control study.Subjects and MethodsSG had 32 patients with pure tone thresholds below 25 dB in the 500 to 8000 Hz interval. CG had 37 age‐ and gender‐matched patients with similar thresholds. All patients had normal tympanograms and stapedial reflexes. TEOAE were recorded with wide band click in continuous mode at 80‐dB peak SPL. DPOAE were recorded with f1/f2 = 1.22 and intensities of 65 dB (f1) and 55 dB (f2) SPL.ResultsDPOAE were abnormal in 68.4% of SG and in 50% of CG (P = 0.036). TEOAE were abnormal in 70.2% of SG and in 16.10% of CG (P = 0.0001).ConclusionSG had significantly higher prevalence of abnormal TEOAE and DPOAE than CG.
Microdebrider vs electrocautery: A comparison of tonsillar wound healing histopathology in a canine model
Authors: Johnson Kaalan , Vaughan Andrew , Derkay Craig , Welch J. Camille , Werner Alice , Kuhn M. Ann , Singletary Sylvia , Bondy Peter 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo evaluate tonsillar wound healing histopathology in a canine model following microdebrider intracapsular and electrocautery tonsillectomy techniques.Study DesignRandomized, controlled, single‐blinded, paired comparison of histopathology.Subjects and MethodsTwelve beagles underwent tonsillectomies by microdebrider on one side and electrocautery on the other. Punch biopsies were taken of the tonsillar fossae on postoperative days 3, 9, and 20. Specimens were graded with a novel mucosal wound healing scale (inter‐rater reliability, r = 0.83) and appropriate statistical analysis performed.ResultsCombined mucosal wound healing scale scores showed significantly faster healing on the microdebrider side when compared to the electrocautery side on postoperative day 3 and day 9 (P > 0.05), which equalized by day 20.ConclusionIn a canine model of tonsillar wound healing, microdebrider intracapsular tonsillectomy produced significantly faster healing than electrocautery tonsillectomy in the early postoperative course. The “biologic dressing” theory of intracapsular tonsillectomy wound healing may account for observed differences in healing and suggests a mechanism for improved clinical outcomes.
Optical coherence tomography of the larynx in the awake patient
Authors: Sepehr Ali , Armstrong William B. , Guo Shuguang , Su Jianping , Perez Jorge , Chen Zhonping , Wong Brian J.F. 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the feasibility of performing optical coherence tomography of the human larynx on the awake patient with a novel flexible fiberoptic delivery system.Study DesignProspective clinical trial.Subjects and MethodsImaging was performed in 17 awake patients. A flexible optical coherence tomography probe was inserted through the nose and placed in near or gentle contact with laryngeal tissues under direct endoscopic visualization.ResultsImages were successfully obtained from all laryngeal subsites and clearly identified laryngeal mucosal microanatomy. Several critical probe design modifications improved rotational and angular control of the distal tip while allowing linear translation of the probe and allowing more accurate apposition of the probe onto target tissues, which is critical for transnasal laryngeal imaging.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of awake transnasal laryngeal optical coherence tomography and identifies key instrumentation needed to obtain useful images.
Petrous apex cholesterol granuloma aeration: Does it matter?
Authors: Castillo Michael P. , Samy Ravi N. , Isaacson Brandon , Roland Peter S. 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo determine whether aeration of surgically treated petrous apex cholesterol granulomas (PA CG) has any correlation with resolution of symptoms.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SubjectsTwenty‐six patients with a petrous apex cholesterol granuloma during a 16‐year period were reviewed.ResultsSeventeen of 26 (65%) patients underwent surgical intervention. Preoperative symptoms included headache, facial weakness/twitching or numbness, vertigo, hearing loss, vision changes, and tinnitus. Postoperative symptoms resolved in 9 of the 16 patients (56%). Three patients had a postoperative headache. Facial nerve dysfunction persisted or recurred in four patients. One patient was lost to follow‐up. Thirteen patients had postoperative imaging. All 13 (100%) patients demonstrated stable or increased size of PA CG with no evidence of aeration. Revision surgery was performed in four patients (25%) for facial nerve symptoms or persistent headaches.ConclusionThe extent of PA CG aeration on postoperative imaging had no correlation to symptom resolution or cyst enlargement. Revision surgery should not depend on imaging alone but primarily on patient symptoms and physical exam.
Combined temporal and prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus treatment: A pilot study
Authors: Kleinjung Tobias , Eichhammer Peter , Landgrebe Michael , Sand Philipp , Hajak Goeran , Steffens Thomas , Strutz Juergen , Langguth Berthold 
Published: March 2008

ObjectivesLow‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the temporal cortex has been proposed as a new treatment strategy for patients with chronic tinnitus. However, functional abnormalities in tinnitus patients also involve brain structures used for attentional and emotional processing, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Therefore, we have developed a new rTMS treatment strategy for tinnitus patients that consists of a combination of high‐frequency prefrontal and low‐frequency temporal rTMS.Study DesignA total of 32 patients received either low‐frequency temporal rTMS or a combination of high‐frequency prefrontal and low‐frequency temporal rTMS. Treatment effects were assessed with a standardized tinnitus questionnaire (TQ).ResultsDirectly after therapy there was an improvement of the TQ‐score for both groups, but no differences between groups. An evaluation after 3 months revealed a remarkable benefit from the use of combined prefrontal and temporal rTMS treatment.ConclusionThese results support recent data that suggest that auditory and nonauditory brain areas are involved in tinnitus pathophysiology.
Erbium: yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser stapedotomy—A safe technique
Authors: Parrilla Claudio , Galli Jacopo , Fetoni Anna Rita , Rigante Mario , Paludetti Gaetano 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveTo standardize the technical parameters of the erbium: yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) laser stapedotomy.Study DesignRetrospective study of all patients with otosclerosis who underwent stapedotomy from January 2002 to January 2006.Subjects and MethodsThe charts of 152 consecutive patients who underwent stapedotomy were reviewed. The patients were stratified into two groups, according to the instrument used. Stapedotomies were performed in group A, with the OPMI®TwinEr: YAG laser; and in group B with manual microperforators.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found over all measured frequencies, between pre‐ and postoperative bone conduction thresholds, in each group. At the last postoperative follow‐up, vertigo and nystagmus were not detected; two patients in group A and one patient in group B showed persistent tinnitus.ConclusionEr:YAG laser stapedotomy is a safe and effective procedure, with no damage of the inner ear when strict adherence to the safety parameters is observed. The Er:YAG laser is definitively suitable for stapes surgery, and represents a useful and safe tool in the armamentarium of otological microsurgery.
Factors associated with perception of singing voice handicap
Authors: Cohen Seth M. , Noordzij J. Pieter , Garrett C. Gaelyn , Ossoff Robert H. 
Published: March 2008

ObjectiveThis study will determine factors that influence the self‐perceived handicap associated with singing voice problems.Study DesignA prospective cohort.Subject and MethodsSingers presenting to a voice clinic prospectively completed the Singing Voice Handicap Index (SVHI) before evaluation and treatment. Demographic data, singing style, professional status, duration of symptoms, medical problems, and diagnosis were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐one singers completed the SVHI. The duration of symptoms, being an amateur singer or singing teacher, benign vocal fold lesions, and neurologic voice disorders were associated with increased SVHI scores (P > 0.05, multiple linear regression). Age greater than 50 years and gospel singing were predictive of increased SVHI scores only on univariate analysis (P > 0.05, t test).ConclusionSingers experience significant handicap as a result of their singing problems with certain factors associated with greater impairment. Targeting interventions at patients more severely affected may improve outcomes.
TIME TO MOVE ON: A REPLY TO JEAN-PAUL BRUNET
Authors: HOUSE JIM , MACMASTER NEIL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn the General Introduction and Conclusion to our book, Paris 1961: Algerians, state terror, and memory, we argue that the time has come to move beyond the current phase of political battle, the fixed-position trench warfare, over the events of ‘17 October’ for a more open history that can begin to address some wider and more fruitful questions. At the core of the polemic during the last decade has been the almost obsessive ‘battle of numbers’ that has raged between the maximalist Jean-Luc Einaudi (200–300+ deaths at the hands of the police) and the minimalist Jean-Paul Brunet (at most 30–50 deaths, but only 13 conclusively ‘proven’). In replying to Jean-Paul Brunet, we shall discuss two substantive issues: the nature of the evidence and its interpretation, and inevitably the question of the number of fatalities.
New contribution on spatial and seasonal variability of environmental conditions of the Golfo San Jorge benthic system, Argentina
Authors: Fernández Mónica , Mora José , Roux Ana , Cucchi Colleoni Daniel A. , Gasparoni Juan C. 
Published: March 2008

A new contribution on spatial and seasonal variability of physico-chemical parameters of the Golfo San Jorge benthic system from autumn 2001 through summer to 2002 is presented. Temperature, salinity, density, oxygen content and chlorophyll-a in bottom water as well as concentration of total organic matter, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a and phaeopigments in sediments were analysed. The origin and nutritional value of the deposited organic matter were also assessed. The results reflect the existence of: (1) a typical temperate water seasonal cycle; (2) a bimodal cycle in the phytoplanktonic production; and (3) seasonal variations in the chemical variables and in organic matter origin in sediments.Three sectors which geographically correspond with those identified in previous studies were defined: (1) the inner area of the gulf; (2) the areas next to the north and south extremes; and (3) the coastal and south-east part.