bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The olfactory bulb: A neuroendocrine spotlight on feeding and metabolism
Authors: Stark Romana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOlfaction is the most ancient sense and is needed for food‐seeking, danger protection, mating and survival. It is often the first sensory modality to perceive changes in the external environment, before sight, taste or sound. Odour molecules activate olfactory sensory neurons that reside on the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity, which transmits this odour‐specific information to the olfactory bulb (OB), where it is relayed to higher brain regions involved in olfactory perception and behaviour. Besides odour processing, recent studies suggest that the OB extends its function into the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Furthermore, numerous hormone receptors associated with appetite and metabolism are expressed within the OB, suggesting a neuroendocrine role outside the hypothalamus. Olfactory cues are important to promote food preparatory behaviours and consumption, such as enhancing appetite and salivation. In addition, altered metabolism or energy state (fasting, satiety and overnutrition) can change olfactory processing and perception. Similarly, various animal models and human pathologies indicate a strong link between olfactory impairment and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, understanding the nature of this reciprocal relationship is critical to understand how olfactory or metabolic disorders arise. This present review elaborates on the connection between olfaction, feeding behaviour and metabolism and will shed light on the neuroendocrine role of the OB as an interface between the external and internal environments. Elucidating the specific mechanisms by which olfactory signals are integrated and translated into metabolic responses holds promise for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies and interventions aimed at modulating appetite and promoting metabolic health.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of vitiligo treatment with micro‐needling combined with N‐Acetylcysteine and micro‐needling alone: A double‐blinded randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Atefi Najmolsadat , Ziaeifar Elham , Seirafianpour Farnoosh , Sadeghzadeh‐Bazargan Afsaneh , Amin Nazila Ghoreishi , Mozafarpoor Samaneh , Abouie Abolfazl , Jafari Mohammad Amin , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionVitiligo is a skin pigmentation disorder caused by the selective degradation of melanocytes. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of microneedling with and without N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) in patients with persistent and limited vitiligo.MethodThis research employed a clinical trial design with double‐blind randomization. Individuals affected by vitiligo and seeking treatment at Rasool Akram Medical Complex were divided into two separate treatment groups. In the intervention group, 24 affected areas underwent meso‐microneedling using 5% NAC ampoules over six sessions, in addition to the application of 4.7% NAC cream once daily on the specified area. Conversely, the control group, consisting of 22 lesions, underwent microneedling using distilled water during six sessions. The severity of lesions and the extent of repigmentation were gauged using the Modified VETI Score. Assessment of treatment efficacy was determined through both physician evaluations and patient feedback.ResultsTwenty patients with a mean age of 36.4 years were recruited. The mean percentage of lesions and their intensity were significantly improved 2 weeks after the third session and 1 month after the end of the treatment (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups. Gender, age, family history, duration of disease, duration of disease stability, and history of hypothyroidism had no statistically significant relationship with patients' treatment outcomes (p > 0.05).ConclusionMicroneedling with or without the application of NAC appears to be an effective treatment option for persistent vitiligo lesions. However, despite the higher improvement rate with the application of NAC, the difference was not significant.
Disruptions to sleep and circadian rhythms are associated with poorer athlete mental health in female, but not male, elite Australian Rules footballers
Authors: Mascaro Luis , Leota Josh , Hoffman Daniel , Rajaratnam Shantha M. W. , Drummond Sean P. A. , Facer‐Childs Elise R. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryElite athletes are vulnerable to sleep and circadian disruption and associated mental health symptoms. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and mental health, as well as the moderating role of sex in the prediction of mental health, among male professional and female semi‐professional elite athletes. Participants were 87 elite Australian Rules football (ARF) athletes (43% female; mean [standard deviation] age 24.0 [4.1] years). Participants completed baseline questionnaires, 2 weeks of sleep/wake monitoring via actigraphy, and a circadian phase assessment (dim‐light melatonin onset [DLMO]). Cross‐sectional data were collected in training‐only Australian Football League (AFL) Men's and Women's pre‐season periods, with 53 providing data in two pre‐seasons. Female athletes, relative to males, reported poorer mental health (a higher athlete psychological strain score), had a later mid‐sleep time (by 28 min), reported a greater preference towards eveningness, and displayed a later circadian phase (by 33 min). For female athletes, lower sleep efficiency and lower sleep regularity were associated with poorer mental health. For female athletes, there were U‐shaped relationships between both morningness–eveningness and phase angle (interval between sleep onset and DLMO time) and mental health. No significant relationships were found for male athletes. In summary, elite female ARF athletes reported poorer mental health, relative to males, especially when experiencing sleep or circadian disruption. Lifestyle factors associated with sex differences in ARF professionalism (scheduling, finances, supports) may contribute to these findings. Programmes to improve sleep, circadian alignment, and mental health among female semi‐professional elite athletes should be strongly considered.
Plant spectral diversity from high‐resolution multispectral imagery detects functional diversity patterns in coastal dune communities
Authors: Beccari Eleonora , Pérez Carmona Carlos , Tordoni Enrico , Petruzzellis Francesco , Martinucci Davide , Casagrande Giulia , Pavanetto Nicola , Rocchini Duccio , D'Antraccoli Marco , Ciccarelli Daniela , Bacaro Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuestionRemote sensing is a fundamental tool to monitor biodiversity and spectral diversity may represent a proxy for different biodiversity facets such as taxonomic (TD) and functional diversity (FD). We used fine‐resolution multispectral imagery to explore spectral diversity (SD) patterns across spatial scales (i.e., plot, transect, area), and assess SD relationships with TD and FD along an environmental gradient.LocationCoastal sand dune, Viareggio, Italy (“Migliarino–San Rossore–Massaciuccoli” Regional Park, 43°83′ N, 10°25′ E).MethodsWe measured TD as species richness, while SD and FD were computed using probability density functions based on pixel and species position in multivariate spaces. We compared SD and FD patterns in space occupation, and we tested whether these patterns are coordinated along the sea–inland gradient. We also assessed univariate relationships between SD and biodiversity facets, and we tested how these facets were partitioned across scales.ResultsWe found a strong correspondence between functional and spectral patterns in space occupation and along the environmental gradient, with a lack of significance when considering TD. However, TD and SD showed higher variation at broader scale while most FD variation occurred at plot level.ConclusionBy measuring FD and SD with a common methodological framework, we demonstrate that SD approximates functional patterns in plant communities. Moreover, we show that SD retrieved using high‐resolution images can capture different aspects of FD, and that the occupation of the spectral space is analogous to the occupation of the functional space.
Improved growth, body composition, and fatty acid composition in striped catfish juveniles, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, fed with diets containing different oil sources
Authors: Van Nguyen Nguyen , Hao Pham Nhu , Hai Pham Duy , Hung Le Thanh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStriped catfish are one of the main aquaculture species in Asia. However, the low level of omega‐3 fatty acids in its body makes this species less attractive compared with marine fish. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different oils on growth performance, body composition, and fatty acids in striped catfish juveniles. A basal diet (T0) was formulated to contain no oil, while four other diets (T1, T2, T3, and T4) were supplemented at 4% with different oils, including salmon oil (SALO), soybean oil (SBO), linseed oil (LSO), and rapeseed oil (RSO). Catfish juveniles with initial body weight (23–24 g/fish) were randomly stocked in 500‐L fiberglass tanks, divided into five treatments, three replicates for each, and fed the experimental diets for 60 days. Results from this study revealed that fish fed the LSO‐supplemented diet had significantly (p < 0.05) improved whole body omega‐3 (alpha‐linoleic acid, 18:3n3) fatty acid levels (7.86%), total n‐3 fatty acids (9.12%), and higher growth than those fed the other diets. In conclusion, the findings suggest that linseed oil can be used to improve growth, omega‐3 fatty acid, C18:3–3 (ALA), and total n‐3 PUFA deposition in the whole body of striped catfish juveniles.
Optimizing smartphone psychotherapy for depressive symptoms in patients with cancer: Multiphase optimization strategy using a decentralized multicenter randomized clinical trial (J‐SUPPORT 2001 Study)
Authors: Akechi Tatsuo , Furukawa Toshiaki A. , Noma Hisashi , Iwata Hiroji , Toyama Tatsuya , Higaki Kenji , Matsuoka Hiromichi , Zenda Sadamoto , Iwatani Tsuguo , Akahane Kazuhisa , Inoue Akira , Sagara Yasuaki , Uchida Megumi , Imai Fuminobu , Momino Kanae , Imaizumi Gen , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Mashiko Tomoe , Miyaji Tempei , Horikoshi Masaru , Sakurai Naomi , Onishi Tatsuya , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Murata Takeshi , Wanifuchi‐Endo Yumi , Kuroda Hiroaki , Nishikawa Ryutaro , Miyashita Minoru , Abe Masakazu , Uchitomi Yosuke ,   J‐SUPPORT 2001 Study group
Published: March 2024

AimPatients with cancer experience various forms of psychological distress, including depressive symptoms, which can impact quality of life, elevate morbidity risk, and increase medical costs. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are effective for reducing depressive symptoms among patients with cancer, but most patients prefer psychotherapy. This study aimed to develop an efficient and effective smartphone psychotherapy component to address depressive symptom.MethodsThis was a decentralized, parallel‐group, multicenter, open, individually randomized, fully factorial trial. Patients aged ≥20 years with cancer were randomized by the presence/absence of three cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) skills (behavioral activation [BA], assertiveness training [AT], and problem‐solving [PS]) on a smartphone app. All participants received psychoeducation (PE). The primary outcome was change in the patient health questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) total score between baseline and week 8. Secondary outcomes included anxiety.ResultsIn total, 359 participants were randomized. Primary outcome data at week 8 were obtained for 355 participants (99%). The week 8 PHQ‐9 total score was significantly reduced from baseline for all participants by −1.41 points (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.89, −0.92), but between‐group differences in change scores were not significant (BA: −0.04, 95% CI −0.75, 0.67; AT: −0.16, 95% CI −0.87, 0.55; PS: −0.19, 95% CI −0.90, 0.52).ConclusionAs the presence of any of the three intervention components did not contribute to a significant additive reduction of depressive symptoms, we cannot make evidence‐based recommendations regarding the use of specific smartphone psychotherapy.
Protein and lipid nutrition in crabs
Authors: Esmaeili Noah , Ma Hongyu , Kadri Sunil , Tocher Douglas R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the nutrition of crabs has a key role in ensuring the success and sustainability of their culture, as providing a well‐balanced, cost‐effective and sustainable diet that ensures the survival, growth and health of crabs is crucial. The present review is the first to focus primarily on the current state of knowledge of the nutrient requirements and related nutritional aspects in farmed crab species. The most common farmed and studied crabs are the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis Milne‐Edwards, 1853), giant mud crab (Scylla serrata Forsskal, 1775), green mud crab (Scylla paramamosain Estampador, 1949) and swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus Miers, 1876). The article reviews how levels of dietary protein and lipid, the two most important and expensive macronutrient ingredients for most marine animals, directly affect reproduction, growth performance and survival of crabs, and the important impacts they have on immune response and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids, especially the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as key lipid classes such as cholesterol and phospholipid will be discussed in terms of dietary requirements. Nutrient digestibility is a crucial method to determine protein quality, and studies on this topic in crabs were covered. The replacement of fishmeal and fish oil, as the predominant ingredients traditionally used in aquafeeds for marine animals, with more sustainable alternatives in diet formulations for crabs are also discussed. Modern ‘omics’ studies and high‐throughput technologies as fast‐growing approaches in protein and lipid research are also covered. Crabs generally require approximately 35%–50% protein, 5%–10% lipid, ~2.5% arginine, ~2.5% lysine, 1.5%–2.5% phenylalanine, 2.2% leucine, 0.7% tryptophan, 0.7% taurine, 1%–2% each of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, 1% cholesterol and ~2% phospholipid in their diets.
Age‐related changes in testicular histological structure, testosterone level, libido and semen traits in male Coturnix quail
Authors: Roshdy Mohamed , Hanafy Ahmed M. , Khalil Hassan A. , Siam Salwa M. , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E. , Swelum Ayman A. , Suliman Gamaleldin M. , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Mady Mohamed E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo investigate the effect of age in male quail on testicular weight and histology, sexual libido and semen characteristics, a study was performed on 100 quails at 10, 16, 22, 28 and 34 weeks of age. The body and testicular weights were significantly (p < .05) higher at 16 and 22 than at 28 weeks of age. The circumference and diameter of the seminiferous tubules were significantly (p < .05) higher at 28 and 34 than at 10 and 16 weeks of age. Histological evaluation of testicular slices revealed advanced and effective seminiferous tubes as early as 10 weeks, while spermatogenic activity peaked at 16 weeks of age. The highest semen volume, sperm motility and sperm concentration were observed at weeks of age and then decreased gradually with age. At the same time, the testosterone level and libido were significantly (p < .05) higher at 22 than at 10 weeks of age. Furthermore, the age was positive (p < .05), correlated to seminiferous tubule circumference and diameter, and negative (p < .05), correlated to sperm concentration. In conclusion, the age of quail markedly affected the testicular histological structure, libido, testosterone level and semen characteristics.
Digital nasoalveolar molding through presurgical orthopedics in newborns/infants with cleft lip and palate: A comprehensive review and case study
Authors: Villarreal‐Martínez Katia , Fierro‐Serna Victor , Rosales‐Berber Miguel A. , Alejandri‐Gamboa Vanessa , Torre‐Delgadillo Gabriela , Ruiz‐Rodríguez Socorro , Pozos‐Guillén Amaury , Garrocho‐Rangel Arturo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aims to provide a comprehensive review and case study about the advantages and disadvantages of the application of digital technologies in presurgical orthopedics in newborns/infants with cleft lip and palate (CLCP). Positive changes in the nasal anatomy, maxillary arch, and cleft width could be achieved.MethodsThree representative cases of newborns/infants with CLCP were managed using the presurgical newborn/infant orthopedics (PSIO) approach. The patients were diagnosed and treated. Detailed descriptions of the impression procedures and PSIO appliance construction and placement were provided for each case.ResultsCase 1 utilized traditional impression techniques, Case 2 employed a semi‐digitalized approach with intraoral digital scanning, and Case 3 utilized a completely digitalized method for appliance construction. Positive changes in maxillary arch dimensions and cleft width reduction were observed in all cases.ConclusionsThe management of CLCP in newborns and infants poses a complex challenge with profound implications. The PSIO approach not only facilitates reconstructive surgery but also enhances overall quality of life. Digital tools, like specialized optical scanners and 3D printing, revolutionize the PSIO process, making it more efficient and patient‐friendly. Clinical benefits include improved facial morphology, esthetics, feeding, speech, and optimized future surgical results. Despite ongoing efficacy debates, global adoption as the initial surgical approach underscores its value. The integration of digital technologies offers new hope for patients and families, promising a brighter future for those affected by this congenital condition.
Optimising the surveillance of Aedes aegypti in Brazil by selecting smaller representative areas within an endemic city
Authors: Leandro André de Souza , Pires‐Vieira Lara Helena , Lopes Renata Defante , Rivas Açucena Veleh , Amaral Caroline , Silva Isaac , Maciel‐de‐Freitas Rafael , Chiba de Castro Wagner A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesArboviruses, such as dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV), constitute a growing urban public health threat. Focusing on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, their primary vectors, is crucial for mitigation. While traditional immature‐stage mosquito surveillance has limitations, capturing adult mosquitoes through traps yields more accurate data on disease transmission. However, deploying traps presents logistical and financial challenges, demonstrating effective temporal predictions but lacking spatial accuracy. Our goal is to identify smaller representative areas within cities to enhance the early warning system for DENV outbreaks.MethodsWe created Sentinel Geographic Units (SGUs), smaller areas of 1 km2 within each stratum, larger areas, with the aim of aligning the Trap Positivity Index (TPI) and Adult Density Index (ADI) with their respective strata. We conducted a two‐step evaluation of SGUs. First, we examined the equivalence of TPI and ADI between SGUs and strata from January 2017 to July 2022. Second, we assessed the ability of SGU's TPI and ADI to predict DENV outbreaks in comparison to Foz do Iguaçu's Early‐Warning System, which forecasts outbreaks up to 4 weeks ahead. Spatial and temporal analyses were carried out, including data interpolation and model selection based on Akaike information criteria (AIC).ResultsEntomological indicators produced in small SGUs can effectively replace larger sentinel areas to access dengue outbreaks. Based on historical data, the best predictive capability is achieved 2 weeks after infestation verification. Implementing the SGU strategy with more frequent sampling can provide more precise space–time estimates and enhance dengue control.ConclusionsThe implementation of SGUs offers an efficient way to monitor mosquito populations, reducing the need for extensive resources. This approach has the potential to improve dengue transmission management and enhance the public health response in endemic cities.
An h$h$‐principle for embeddings transverse to a contact structure
Authors: Cardona Robert , Presas Francisco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGiven a class of embeddings into a contact or a symplectic manifold, we give a sufficient condition, that we call isocontact or isosymplectic realization, for this class to satisfy a general ‐principle. The flexibility follows from the ‐principles for isocontact and isosymplectic embeddings, it provides a framework for classical results, and we give two new applications. Our main result is that embeddings transverse to a contact structure satisfy a full ‐principle in two cases: if the complement of the embedding is overtwisted, or when the intersection of the image of the formal derivative with the contact structure is strictly contained in a proper symplectic subbundle. We illustrate the general framework on symplectic manifolds by studying the universality of Hamiltonian dynamics on regular level sets via a class of embeddings.
Influence of Walking Over Unexpected Uneven Terrain on Joint Loading for Individuals With Transtibial Amputation
Authors: Stewart Kristen M. , Klute Glenn K. , Neptune Richard R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Individuals with transtibial amputation (TTA) experience asymmetric lower-limb loading which can lead to joint pain and injuries. However, it is unclear how walking over unexpected uneven terrain affects their loading patterns. This study sought to use modeling and simulation to determine how peak joint contact forces and impulses change for individuals with unilateral TTA during an uneven step and subsequent recovery step and how those patterns compare to able-bodied individuals. We expected residual limb loading during the uneven step and intact limb loading during the recovery step would increase relative to flush walking. Further, individuals with TTA would experience larger loading increases compared to able-bodied individuals. Simulations of individuals with TTA showed during the uneven step, changes in joint loading occurred at all joints except the prosthetic ankle relative to flush walking. During the recovery step, intact limb joint loading increased in early stance relative to flush walking. Simulations of able-bodied individuals showed large increases in ankle joint loading for both surface conditions. Overall, increases in early stance knee joint loading were larger for those with TTA compared to able-bodied individuals during both steps. These results suggest that individuals with TTA experience altered joint loading patterns when stepping on uneven terrain. Future work should investigate whether an adapting ankle-foot prosthesis can mitigate these changes to reduce injury risk.
Inflow Conditions and the Flow Behavior of Submerged Annular Viscoplastic Non-Newtonian Jets
Authors: Hammad Khaled J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Submerged annular viscoplastic jet flows were studied numerically within the steady laminar flow regime. The impacts of inner-to-outer annular nozzle diameter ratio, and yield number, for uniform and fully-developed inflow conditions, were investigated. The extent of the outer recirculation region and recirculation intensities of both the central and outer regions were found to substantially diminish with the yield number, resulting in the elimination of recirculation throughout the whole flow field at high yield numbers. The axial penetration of the jet decreases with both the yield number and the annular diameter ratio. The impact of inflow conditions on the flow structure and decay characteristics of the jet are more pronounced at low yield numbers.