bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma noise to non-invasively monitor nuclear research reactors
Authors: Pakari Oskari , Mager Tom , Frajtag Pavel , Pautz Andreas , Lamirand Vincent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutonomous nuclear reactor monitoring is a key aspect of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s strategy to ensure nonproliferation treaty compliance. From the rise of small modular reactor technology, decentralized nuclear reactor fleets may strain the capacities of such monitoring and requires new approaches. We demonstrate the superior capabilities of a gamma detection system to monitor the criticality of a zero power nuclear reactor from beyond typical vessel boundaries, offering a powerful alternative to neutron-based systems by providing direct information on fission chain propagation. Using the case example of the research reactor CROCUS, we demonstrate how two bismuth germanate scintillators placed outside the reactor vessel can precisely observe reactor criticality using so called noise methods and provide core status information in seconds. Our results indicate a wide range of applications due to the newly gained geometric flexibility that could find use in fields beyond nuclear safety.
A decision support system based on recurrent neural networks to predict medication dosage for patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Riasi Atiye , Delrobaei Mehdi , Salari Mehri 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing deep learning has demonstrated significant potential in making informed decisions based on clinical evidence. In this study, we deal with optimizing medication and quantitatively present the role of deep learning in predicting the medication dosage for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The proposed method is based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and tries to predict the dosage of five critical medication types for PD, including levodopa, dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, and amantadine. Recurrent neural networks have memory blocks that retain crucial information from previous patient visits. This feature is helpful for patients with PD, as the neurologist can refer to the patient's previous state and the prescribed medication to make informed decisions. We employed data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. The dataset included information on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Activities of Daily Living, Hoehn and Yahr scale, demographic details, and medication use logs for each patient. We evaluated several models, such as multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Simple-RNN, long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent units (GRU). Our analysis found that recurrent neural networks (LSTM and GRU) performed the best. More specifically, when using LSTM, we were able to predict levodopa and dopamine agonist dosage with a mean squared error of 0.009 and 0.003, mean absolute error of 0.062 and 0.030, root mean square error of 0.099 and 0.053, and R-squared of 0.514 and 0.711, respectively.
Tratamento com raloxifeno induz à expressão dos receptores de kisspeptina, insulina e androgênio em ossos de ratas adultas castradas
Authors: Condi Fernanda Lopes de Freitas , Fuchs Luiz Fernando Portugal , Carvalho Katia Candido , Baracat Edmund Chada 
Published: April 2024

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do estrogênio, raloxifeno e genisteína na expressão de KISS1 (kisspeptina), KISS1R (receptor da kisspeptina), AR (receptor de androgênio) e INSR (receptor de insulina) nos ossos de ratas ovariectomizadas.
Métodos Quarenta e oito ratas adultas foram divididas aleatoriamente em 6 grupos, contendo 8 animais cada: G1–controle não ovariectomizado); G2–ovariectomizado e tratado com estrogênios conjugados equinos (50 µg/Kg/dia); G3–ovariectomizado e tratado com raloxifeno (0,75 mg/kg/dia); G4–ovariectomizado que recebeu extrato de soja com genisteína (300 mg/kg/dia); G5–ovariectomizado que recebeu estrogênio e genisteína; e G6–ovariectomizado que recebeu estrogênio e raloxifeno. Após 3 meses da cirurgia, os animais castrados receberam os fármacos diariamente por via oral, durante 120 dias. Todos os animais foram sacrificados após esse período, por aprofundamento da anestesia. A tíbia esquerda foi removida para extração de RNA total e análise da expressão gênica de KISS1, KISS1R, AR e INSR, por reação de cadeia de polimerase quantitativa em tempo real (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR, em inglês).
Resultados KISS1 não foi detectado em nenhum dos grupos tratados. KISS1R, INSR e AR mostraram maior expressão no grupo G3 (p < 0,001), enquanto menores níveis de transcritos para esses genes foram observados em G4 e G5. Os animais de G2 apresentaram hipoexpressão dos genes avaliados.
Conclusão Os resultados indicam que o raloxifeno, isolado ou combinado com estrogênio, foi capaz de induzir a expressão de genes associados à recuperação da homeostase do tecido ósseo em ratas ovariectomizadas.
Ausência de recursos didáticos de alta qualidade sobre a capsulite adesiva no YouTube
Authors: Yüce Ali , Gür Volkan , Yerli Mustafa , Misir Abdulhamit 
Published: April 2024

Resumo
Objetivo O advento da Internet proporcionou recursos novos e de fácil acesso para pacientes que procuram mais informações sobre saúde. Muitos médicos e organizações de saúde publicam vídeos informativos nesta plataforma e quase todos os pacientes procuram tais vídeos online para uma segunda opinião.
Métodos As frases “frozen shoulder (ombro congelado)”, “frozen shoulder treatment (tratamento de ombro congelado)”, “adhesive capsulitis (capsulite adesiva)” e “adhesive capsulitis treatment (tratamento de capsulite adesiva)” foram inseridas na barra de pesquisa do YouTube para uma consulta normal. A informatividade e a qualidade geral dos vídeos sobre capsulite adesiva foram avaliadas usando três escalas distintas.
Resultados Os valores de média e desvio padrão dos sistemas de pontuação do Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) foram 1,25 ± 0,51, DISCERN, 39,4 ± 13,4, Global Quality Score (GQS, Índice de Qualidade Global em português) 2,83 ± 0,96 e Adhesive Capsulitis Specific Score (ACSS, Escore Específico de Capsulite Adesiva em português), 7,43 ± 4,86, respectivamente. O número de visualizações, a taxa de visualizações e as curtidas tiveram uma correlação positiva com GQS, DISCERN e ACSS. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores medianos de JAMA, GQS e DISCERN de acordo com a fonte/carregador do vídeo (p > 0,05).
Conclusão Os vídeos do YouTube sobre capsulite adesiva precisam ter maior qualidade, confiabilidade e qualidade instrutiva. Há necessidade de vídeos confiáveis sobre capsulite adesiva, com citações instrutivas e de alta qualidade.
Estabilidade de osteotomias proximais em modelos do fêmur pediátrico fixadas por hastes intramedulares flexíveis e avaliadas pelo método dos elementos finitos
Authors: Cruz Mário Augusto Ferreira , Santana José Vinícius Lima , Battaglion Leonardo Rigobello , Volpon José Batista 
Published: April 2024

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar a estabilidade de osteotomias criadas nas regiões subtrocantérica e trocantérica em modelo de fêmur pediátrico, fixadas por hastes intramedulares flexíveis.
Método A partir de um modelo de fêmur pediátrico com duas hastes elásticas de titânio, foram obtidos cortes tomográficos que foram convertidos para um modelo tridimensional. Neste modelo foi criado uma malha com elementos tetraédricos, de acordo com o método dos elementos finitos. Foram obtidos três modelos virtuais, e realizadas osteotomias em regiões diferentes: mediodiafisária, subtrocantérica e trocantérica. Foi aplicado um carregamento vertical de 85N no topo da cabeça do fêmur, obtidos os deslocamentos, a tensão máxima e mínima principal e tensão equivalente de Von Mises no implante.
Resultados Com o carregamento aplicado foram observados deslocamentos no local da osteotomia de 0,04mm no grupo diafisário, 0,5mm no subtrocantérico e 0,06mm no trocantérico. A tensão máxima principal foi 10,4Pa, 7,52Pa e 26,4Pa nos grupos diafisário, subtrocantérico e trocantérico, respectivamente. Ou seja, a tensão máxima foi em torno de 40% maior no grupo trocantérico, em relação ao diafisário (controle). A face de tensão mínima do osso localizou-se na cortical interna do fêmur. A tensão equivalente de Von Mises nos implantes ocorreu na osteotomia, com valor máximo de 27,6Pa no grupo trocantérico.
Conclusão Tanto nas osteotomias no nível trocantérico, quanto subtrocantérico, a estabilidade da fixação foi muitas vezes menor que no modelo diafisário, sugerindo que as hastes intramedulares flexíveis não são implantes adequados para as fixações proximais do fêmur.
HASPIDE: a project for the development of hydrogenated amorphous silicon radiation sensors on a flexible substrate
Authors: Tosti L. , Antognini L. , Aziz S. , Bashiri A. , Calcagnile L. , Caputo D. , Caricato A.P. , Catalano R. , De Cesare G. , Chilà D. , Cirrone G.A.P. , Croci T. , Cuttone G. , Dunand S. , Fabi M. , Frontini L. , Grimani C. , Ionica M. , Kanxheri K. , Large M. , Liberali V. , Lovecchio N. , Martino M. , Maruccio G. , Mazza G. , Menichelli M. , Monteduro A.G. , Morozzi A. , Moscatelli F. , Nascetti A. , Pallotta S. , Passeri D. , Pedio M. , Petasecca M. , Petringa G. , Peverini F. , Piccolo L. , Placidi P. , Quarta G. , Rizzato S. , Sabbatini F. , Servoli L. , Stabile A. , Talamonti C. , Thomet J.E. , Villani M. , Wheadon R.J. , Wyrsch N. , Zema N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is a material with a very good radiation hardness and with the possibility of deposition on flexible substrates like Polyimide (PI). Exploiting these properties, the HASPIDE (Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon PIxels DEtectors) project has the goal of developing a-Si:H detectors on flexible substrates for beam dosimetry and profile monitoring, neutron detection and space experiments. The detectors for this experiment will be developed in two different structures: the n-i-p diode structure, which has been used up to now for the construction of the planar a-Si:H detectors, and the recently developed charge selective contact structure. In the latter the doped layers (n or p) are replaced with charge selective materials namely electron-selective conductive metal-oxides (TiO2 or Al:ZnO) and hole-selective conductive metal oxides (MoO
x
). In this paper preliminary data on the capabilities of these detectors to measure X-ray and electron fluxes will be presented. In particular, the linearity, the sensitivity, the stability and dark current in various conditions will be discussed.
Performance testing of gas-tight portable RPC for muography applications
Authors: Kumar V. , Basnet S. , Cortina Gil E. , Demin P. , Gamage R.M.I.D. , Giammanco A. , Karnam R. , Moussawi M. , Samalan A. , Tytgat M. , Youssef A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the latest developmental efforts for a position-sensitive glass-based Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) and a multi-channel Data AcQuisition (DAQ) system tailored for muon tracking in muography applications. The designed setup prioritizes portability, aiming for field applications where both the detector and the DAQ operate effectively in external environmental conditions. Comprehensive discussions on hardware development activities and signal processing techniques are included, incorporating noise filtering to enhance the accurate detection of real muons. A muon absorption measurement has also been carried out to understand the behavior of these detectors from an application perspective.
Modeling exports of dissolved organic carbon from landscapes: a review of challenges and opportunities
Authors: Wei Xinyuan , Hayes Daniel J , Butman David E , Qi Junyu , Ricciuto Daniel M , Yang Xiaojuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Inland waters receive large quantities of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from soils and act as conduits for the lateral transport of this terrestrially derived carbon, ultimately storing, mineralizing, or delivering it to oceans. The lateral DOC flux plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle, and numerous models have been developed to estimate the DOC export from different landscapes. We reviewed 34 published models and compared their characteristics to identify challenges in model applications and opportunities for future model development. We classified these models into three types: indicator-driven, hydrology-forced, and process-based DOC export simulation models. They differ mainly in their environmental inputs, simulation approaches for soil DOC production, leaching from soils to inland waters, and transit through inland waters. It is essential to consider landscape characteristics, climate conditions, available data, and research questions when selecting the most appropriate model. Given the substantial assumptions associated with these models, sufficient measurements are required to benchmark estimates. Accurate accounting of terrestrially derived DOC export to oceans requires incorporating the DOC produced in aquatic ecosystems and deposited with rainwater; otherwise, global export estimates may be overestimated by 40.7%. Additionally, improving the representation of mineralization and burial processes in inland waters allows for more accurate accounting of carbon sequestration through land ecosystems. When all the inland water processes are ignored or assuming DOC leaching is equivalent to DOC export, the loss of soil carbon through this lateral flux could be underestimated by 43.9%.
The bistable mitotic switch in fission yeast
Authors: Novák Béla , Tyson John J. 
Published: April 2024

In favorable conditions, eukaryotic cells proceed irreversibly through the cell division cycle (G1-S-G2-M) in order to produce two daughter cells with the same number and identity of chromosomes of their progenitor. The integrity of this process is maintained by “checkpoints” that hold a cell at particular transition points of the cycle until all requisite events are completed. The crucial functions of these checkpoints seem to depend on irreversible bistability of the underlying checkpoint control systems. Bistability of cell cycle transitions has been confirmed experimentally in frog egg extracts, budding yeast cells and mammalian cells. For fission yeast cells, a recent paper by Patterson et al. (2021) provides experimental evidence for an abrupt transition from G2 phase into mitosis, and we show that these data are consistent with a stochastic model of a bistable switch governing the G2/M checkpoint. Interestingly, our model suggests that their experimental data could also be explained by a reversible/sigmoidal switch, and stochastic simulations confirm this supposition. We propose a simple modification of their experimental protocol that could provide convincing evidence for (or against) bistability of the G2/M transition in fission yeast.
A Compatible System of Growth and Yield Equations for Slash Pine Fitted with Restricted Three-Stage Least Squares
Authors: Borders B. E. , Bailey R. L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A system of compatible and interrelating equations (after Clutter 1963) was developed to predict growth and yield in volume, basal area, and dominant height for site-prepared slash pine plantations in the Southeast. Because of logical restrictions on certain parameters and contemporaneous correlations among the variables, the usual unrestricted least squares approach to fitting equations is not appropriate for such a system. The wealth of developments in econometrics for fitting such systems of interrelating equations was reviewed and tested, and restricted three-stage least squares gave the best results. Measures of goodness of fit and precision are nearly as good with restricted three-stage least squares for this system and data as with the conventional unrestricted least squares approach. Methods for placing confidence limits on predicted yields are demonstrated. Forest Sci. 32:185-201.
Total Cubic Volume Equations Implied by Diameter-Based Merchantable to Total Volume Ratio Models
Authors: Lynch Thomas B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Standard total cubic foot volume equations were derived from models used to predict the ratio of merchantable to total cubic foot volume. This was accomplished by an extension of the methods used by Clutter (1980) to derive taper equations from variable-top merchantable volume equations. Taper curves developed by using the derived volume equation were constrained to pass through stump diameter at stump height. Together with Clutter's (1980) results, the volume equation developed was part of a compatible system of total volume and taper equations derived from a specified form of diameter-based merchantable to total volume ratio model. Forest Sci. 32:262-267.
Linkage Among Genes Controlling Monoterpene Constituent Levels in Loblolly Pine
Authors: Squillace A. E. , Swindel Benee F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Linkages among four loci controlling cortical monoterpene composition were studied. Results suggested that three (myrcene, limonene, and β-phellandrene) are closely linked, while the fourth (β-pinene) is less closely linked to the others. Data from both full-sib and half-sib families were utilized. The latter required knowledge of recessive gene frequencies in the male parents, and efficiencies varied greatly with the magnitude of these frequencies. Although no bias is expected when half-sib families are used to detect linkage, estimates of recombination rates may be biased if linkage disequilibrium is present. However, recombination rates obtained from half-sib families were usually not greatly different from those obtained from full-sibs. Some new generalized methods are presented for detecting linkage and for estimating rates of recombination. Forest Sci. 32:97-112.
Fusiform Rust Gradient in a Loblolly Pine Plantation
Authors: Snow G. A. , Wells O. O. , Switzer G. L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A gradient of fusiform rust incidence in a 10-yr-old loblolly pine planting in east central Mississippi was related to the occurrence of susceptible oak species in its immediate proximity. The incidence of rust decreased from a high of 8.8 galls per tree within 25 m of the side of the planting with numerous oaks to a low of 2.3 galls per tree at a distance of 150-200 m. The gradient was apparently caused by inoculum produced on these oaks. Forest Sci. 32: 372-376.
Site Quality Influences on Biomass Estimates for White Spruce Plantations
Authors: Harding R. B. , Grigal D. F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Separate biomass estimation equations were developed for white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) from plantations of low, medium, and high site quality in northern Minnesota. Site quality was defined by site index. Differences in regression coefficients among these quality-specific equations were statistically significant (P &lt; 0.005). Estimates of aboveground biomass for a dominant tree based on those equations differed from an estimate based on an overall equation from all data. As tree size increased, estimates from the overall equation were less than those from the specific equation for high-quality sites, and greater than those from the equation for low-quality sites. Site quality differences can significantly affect biomass estimates for white spruce in plantations. In most cases, however, the practical significance of these effects should be small. Forest Sci. 32:443-446.
Predicting Scenic Beauty of Timber Stands
Authors: Brown Thomas C. , Daniel Terry C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The psychophysical approach to developing scenic beauty models is extended to the timber stand level. Ponderosa pine timber stands are shown to be quite homogenous in terms of variables important in the prediction of scenic beauty. Candidate timber stand scenic beauty models are presented, along with the results of cross-validation experiments. The models agree with earlier studies that focused on one-acre plots, suggesting that scenic beauty increases with increases in herbage and large pine and with decreases in downed wood, and tree grouping. Finally, judgments of the scenic beauty of individual color slides taken within timber stands provide valid estimates of overall stand scenic beauty. These results suggest substantial potential for modeling the scenic beauty of conventionally delineated timber stands based on standard forest inventory information. Forest Sci. 32:471-487.
The Role of Alkanes in Epicuticular Wax Relative to Tolerance of Pine Species to Saline Spray
Authors: simini Michael , Leone Ida A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A study of the epicuticular waxes on the foliage of saline-spray tolerant Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) and salt-sensitive eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) showed a greater percentage of longer chain alkanes in the former species (87 percent) than in the latter (68 percent). Alkane concentrations increased with increasing temperature and longer photoperiod. The longer chain alkanes are reportedly more resistant to the penetration of polar solutions than are shorter chain alkanes.
Alkane concentration was greater for both pine species in trees grown at higher vs lower temperatures and longer vs shorter photoperiods, corresponding inversely to trends previously reported by the authors with respect to foliar salt uptake by both pines and other species at these respective temperatures and photoperiods. Forest Sci. 32:487-492.
Benomyl Root Treatment Controls Brown-Spot Disease on Longleaf Pine in the Southern United States
Authors: Kais A. G. , Cordell C. E. , Affeltranger C. E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Root systems of longleaf pine seedlings, Pinus palustris Mill., were wetted and then coated with various benomyl/kaolin (clay) mixtures (0 to 20 percent a.i. benomyl) prior to seedlings being outplanted on sites in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Survival, percent brown-spot needle blight infection (caused by Scirrhia acicola (Dearn.) Siggers), and growth were evaluated annually for 3 years following planting. Seedling survival generally decreased in a west to east gradient. Survival also decreased with increased benomyl levels at all sites. Interactions of survival and levels of benomyl with measured soil properties were investigated. For increased benomyl levels there was a negative correlation of survival with increased percentage of sand in the soil and a positive correlation of survival with increased levels of silt in the soil. Benomyl root treatments provided effective brown-spot disease control during the 3-year period, which in turn stimulated rapid height growth. A 5 percent a.i. benomyl/kaolin mixture is recommended for root treatment over the natural range of longleaf pine in the southern United States. Forest Sci. 32:506-511.
Multiobjective Regional Forest Planning Using the Noninferior Set Estimation (NISE) Method in Tanzania and the United States
Authors: Allen Julia C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Multiple objective management of public forests based on centralized regional planning is mandated by law in the United States and by development policy in developing countries. Multiple objective programming (MOP) methods have been applied to this problem, but public forests have multiple users whose relative preferences for forest products often cannot be determined, so preference-based goal programming and multiobjective linear programming solutions may be inaccurate or inflexible. The use of noninferior set generating algorithms to solve MOP's encourages more flexible planning by providing a range of possible solutions (the noninferior set), but requires or generates too much information. The NISE (noninferior set estimation) method is an MOP solution technique that uses repeated linear program (LP) solutions to generate an estimate of the true noninferior set, with a known error. The method provides explicit tradeoffs between objectives and requires little interaction with forest users. The NISE method is illustrated for a problem of forest management in Tanzania, and its applicability to centralized forest planning in the United States and developing countries is discussed in the light of legal, political, and institutional constraints. Forest Sci. 32:517-533.