bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of tranquility and soundscapes in urban open green spaces, case study: Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Hassani Maryam , Rakhshandehroo Mehdi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigates tranquility and soundscapes in urban green spaces, focusing on Azadi Park and Eram Garden. Comments from visitors underscore the diverse motivations for park use and the resulting effects. Six domains of visit motivations were identified: physical, relaxation, socializing, enjoyment, social goals, and escaping the city. Participants reported physical effects like relaxation, positive emotions, and attachment to the place. The correlation analysis reveals that tranquility is linked not only to naturalness and remoteness but also emotional reactions like pleasantness, calmness, and control. Comparative analysis of tranquility rates in different park locations, particularly near the street and the middle of the park, indicates higher tranquility in the latter. Despite being centrally located, both parks achieved 'good' to 'excellent' average tranquility ratings. The study emphasizes the importance of considering the entire visual composition of a scene for its perceived quality. Insights into soundscapes highlight the need for creating spaces dominated by natural sounds and reducing man-made sounds, especially traffic noise. The study establishes a close association between perceived tranquility and visitors reporting increased relaxation, with higher tranquility ratings correlating with a higher percentage of visitors feeling relaxed. Overall, the findings contribute to understanding the complex interplay of environmental factors in shaping perceptions of tranquility and underscore the potential benefits of urban green spaces as restorative environments.
Aircraft Taxiing Path Planning Based on Improved SARSA Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yunjing , Wang Hao , Wang Shuai , Meng Bin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aircraft taxiing constitutes a pivotal component of airport operations, and curtailing taxiing duration is a primary strategy for enhancing airport operational efficiency. To actualize efficient airport operations and alter the current state of relying solely on manual apron control, this study, given the unique environment of aircraft taxiing, employs the improved SARSA algorithm to plan the taxiing path of aircraft. Through simulation, it is verified that this algorithm surpasses the traditional SARSA algorithm in terms of path length planning and iteration times, thereby providing controllers with superior decision-making assistance and reference, and efficiently planning a shorter path.
Stimulatory effect of Phyllanthus amarus extract on the growth performance, hemato-biochemical activity, antioxidative status and immune response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Adeniyi Olarinke Victoria , Alade Adijat Omowunmi , Tijani Gafar Hammed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus amarus extracts and influence of best extract on the growth; physiological and immune status of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. The fish were fed diets containing 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 g P. amarus methanol extract (PAE) / kg basal diet to apparent satiation for 84 days. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from the fish and used for hematological and biochemical analyses. After the 84 days of feeding, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila by intraperitoneal injection; and observed for survival, after which immune response parameters were measured. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance at P < 0.05. The results showed significant antibacterial activity of P. amarus methanol extract against A. hydrophila, and its application at 0.5–1.5 g PAE significantly promoted weight gain and specific growth rate, with the highest at 1.0 g. Moreover, compared with that of the control group, the feed conversion ratios of the fishes fed PAE diets significantly decreased. Hematocrit, hemoglobin and lymphocytes were enhanced at 0.5–1.5 g PAE. All the fishes fed PAE-based diets had lower concentrations of serum liver enzymes; the lowest concentration was detected in fish fed 1.0–1.5 g PAE; while the values of creatinine, glucose and total bilirubin did not differ among the treatments. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S‐transferase activities increased in all PAE-fortified treatments. Lysozyme, phagocytic and respiratory burst activities also increased in the challenged fish fed PAE diets. Post-challenge survival was highest in the 1.0 g PAE treatment. Therefore, the inclusion of 1.0 g Phyllanthus amarus extract is recommended as a dietary supplement for Clarias gariepinus.
Identification of Precipitation Thresholds for Flooding in Basins With Scarce Data: Case Study for José Pereira River, Itajubá/MG
Authors: Barboza Gabriela dos Santos , Silva Benedito Cláudio da 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Extreme events, such as flash floods, have increased globally, causing significant damage. In Brazil, this concern is worsened by climate change, with characteristics such as La Niña in 2022 and El Niño until 2024. Hydrological modeling with geoprocessing is crucial for risk management, requiring precise knowledge about limits on rainfall quantity and duration. This study aims to establish duration limits that trigger floods in the José Pereira river basin, a very representative small river basin in most cities of Brazil. The process begins with the characterization of the basin, considering climate, flood history, topography, soils, land use and subdivision into sub-basins. Parameters such as curve coefficient (CN), concentration time and lag time are calculated for each sub-basin. After characterization, we selected two flood events between 2022 and 2023 to calibrate the HEC-HMS model, using level and specialization data. Adjusted basin data for greater realism. We chose simulated events based on maximum rainfall and return time, using records from the 2013 to 2023 historical series rainfall station, decreasing 40 mm in 24 hours. These events showed technical and distributed rainfall, highlighting the influence of upstream basins on the variation in river levels during flood events. A detailed analysis revealed that the significant occurrence occurs between the first 25% and 50% of the total duration of rainfall caused by overflows or floods. From the simulations, we identified the minimum accumulation of rain necessary to exceed 1.5m in the river. The threshold curve highlighted that, upon reaching 34.60 mm of accumulation, it is crucial to issue an alert, as exceeding this value and the curve, the river is susceptible to overflowing at any time.
Neoadjuvant docetaxel plus cisplatin versus docetaxel plus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (HELEN-001): results from a multicenter, randomized controlled, open-label phase II trial
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Jiao Dechuang , Qiao Jianghua , Wang Chengzheng , Sun Xianfu , Lu Zhenduo , Zhang Chongjian , Li Lianfang , Yan Min , Feng Yueqing , Zhou Yong , Deng Miao , Liu Xinlan , Ma Mingde , Jia Haiquan , Xia Qingxin , Lim Geok Hoon , Ishii Naohiro , Orlandi Armando , Hernanz Fernando , Chen Xiuchun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Adding platinum to anthracycline- and taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved pathological complete response (pCR) and event-free survival(EFS) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the efficacy for TNBC of combining taxane and platinum without anthracycline remains controversial.
Methods
The HELEN-001 trial was a randomized, phase 2 controlled, and open-label investigation carried out in China at 6 hospitals. Participants who were aged 18–70 years old, were histologically confirmed for TNBC clinical stage II–III, suitable for potentially curative surgery, and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) of 0 or 1 were selected for this trial. Participants were randomized into two equal groups; those who received docetaxel plus cisplatin (75 mg/m2, respectively) and those who received docetaxel plus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (docetaxel 75 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2). These regimens were given every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. Randomization was stratified by tumor size and nodal status. The primary endpoint was the number of individuals achieving a pCR (ypT0/isN0). The trial was registered with chictr.org (number ChiCTR-1800019501).
Findings:
Between November, 2018, and June, 2022, 212 patients were selected (n = 106/treatment arm). The number of individuals who achieved pCR after docetaxel plus cisplatin treatment was 51.9%, and that of those who attained pCR after docetaxel plus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide was 35.8% (P = 0.019). After median follow-up of 29 months[interquartile range (IQR), 21 to 41], 14 of 106 patients (13.2%) in the docetaxel plus cisplatin group and 18 of 106 patients (17.0%) in the docetaxel plus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide group had event-free survival (EFS) events [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.377 to 1.526, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.759, P = 0.492]. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 events was similar in both groups [57 (54%) vs. 51 (48%)]. No treatment-associated deaths were identified in both groups.
Interpretation:
In stage II to III TNBC, the docetaxel plus cisplatin regimen achieved higher pCR rates than docetaxel plus doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, with a comparable toxicity profile. Consistent with literature, the taxane plus cisplatin regimen demonstrated a favorable risk-to-benefit profile and could serve as an optimal neoadjuvant chemotherapy option for patients with high-risk TNBC.
Production of Hepatocytes Derived from Chicken Embryos Across Three Developmental Stages
Authors: farzaneh maryam , Azizidoost Shirin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Chicken hepatocytes provide a valuable resource for conducting cell-based assays and gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms of diseases.
Objective: In this study, we examined in vitro generation of chicken hepatocytes from three developmental stages.
Methods: In this in vitro study, chicken embryos aged 5, 7, and 10 days were used. The proliferation of chicken hepatocytes was assessed in DMEM/F12+10% FBS medium. After 3 days, the proliferation rate of hepatocytes, hepatocytes-specific gene expression, hepatocytes-specific enzymes (ALT and AST), albumin production and urea secretion were assessed.
Findings: Morphological examination of individual hepatocytes exhibited a characteristic hexagonal structure with prominent nuclei and nucleoli, surrounded by a marginal cytoplasm. E10 embryos exhibiting a markedly higher proliferation rate in comparison to those from E5 and E7 stages. In contrast to E10, approximately 50% of hepatocytes derived from E5 and E7 embryos exhibit reduced proliferation after 3 days. In the suspension culture, hepatocytes had the ability to form spheroids or hepatospheres. The expression of hepatocyte-specific genes such as AFP, ALP, FOXA2, and CYP3A4 was markedly higher in E10-derived hepatocytes compared to E5-derived hepatocytes. Conversely, the expression of CXCR4, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX17 was significantly lower in E10-derived hepatocytes than in E5-derived hepatocytes. There was a significant increase in the expression of ALT and AST in E10-derived hepatocytes compared to E5-derived hepatocytes. Furthermore, Albumin production was significantly lower in E10-derived hepatocytes compared to E5-derived hepatocytes. While, urea secretion was higher in E10-derived hepatocytes compared to E5-derived hepatocytes
Conclusion: Based on our findings, we have determined that E10 represents an optimal stage for the derivation and proliferation of chicken hepatocytes in vitro.
Simulation of Frost Heave Failure of Air-entrained Concrete Based on Fracture Phase Field Method
Authors: Wang Xinmiao , Gu Xin , Xia Xiaozhou , Xue Feng , Zhang Qing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The internal pore structure characteristics and microbubble distribution features of concrete have a significant impact on its frost resistance, but their size is relatively small compared to aggregates, making it difficult to visually present in the mesoscopic numerical model of concrete. Therefore, based on the physical mechanism of ice crystal phase transition in pore water and the specific surface friction mechanism of porous seepage, this paper establishes an estimation model for effective thermal conductivity and permeability coefficients that can reflect the distribution characteristics of internal pore size and the content of microbubbles in porous media, and explores the evolution mechanism of effective thermal conductivity and permeability coefficients with the freezing process. In addition, a switching model for permeability coefficient is proposed to address the fundamental impact of frost cracking on permeability. Finally, the proposed estimation models for thermal conductivity and permeability are assigned to the cement mortar and interface transition zone (ITZ), and a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling finite element model of concrete specimens at mesoscale based on the fracture phase field method is established. After that, the frost cracking mechanism in ordinary concrete samples during the freezing process is explored, as well as the relief mechanism of microbubbles on pore pressure and the deterioration effect of accelerated cooling on frost cracking. The results show that the cracks first occurred near the aggregate on the concrete sample surface, and then extended inward along the interface transition zone, which is consistent with the frost cracking scenario of concrete structures in cold regions.
A novel aerosol collection method shows the cough aeromicrobiome of people with tuberculosis is phylogenetically distinct from respiratory tract specimens
Authors: Chiyaka Tinaye L. , Nyawo Georgina R. , Naidoo Charissa , Moodley Suventha , Clemente Jose C. , Malherbe Stephanus T. , Warren Robin , Ku David , Segal Leopoldo N. , Theron Grant 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), a major cause of disease and antimicrobial resistance, is spread via aerosols. Aerosols have diagnostic potential and airborne-microbes other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) may influence transmission. We evaluated whether PneumoniaCheck (PMC), a commercial aerosol collection device, captures MTBC and the aeromicrobiome of people with TB.
Methods: PMC was done in sputum culture-positive people (≥30 forced coughs each, n=16) pre-treatment and PMC air reservoir (bag, corresponding to upper airways) and filter (lower airways) washes underwent Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing (sequencing also done on sputum). In a subset (n=6), PMC microbiota (bag, filter) was compared to oral washes and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).
Findings: 54% (7/13) bags and 46% (6/14) filters were Ultra-positive. Sequencing read counts and microbial diversity did not differ across bags, filters, and sputum. However, microbial composition in bags (Sphingobium-, Corynebacterium-, Novosphingobium-enriched) and filters (Mycobacterium-, Sphingobium-, Corynebacterium-enriched) each differed vs. sputum. Furthermore, sequencing only detected Mycobacterium in bags and filters but not sputum. In the subset, bag and filter microbial diversity did not differ vs. oral washes or BALF but microbial composition differed. Bags vs. BALF were Sphingobium-enriched and Mycobacterium-, Streptococcus-, and Anaerosinus-depleted (Anaerosinus also depleted in filters vs. BALF). Compared to BALF, none of the aerosol-enriched taxa were enriched in oral washes or sputum.
Interpretation: PMC captures aerosols with Ultra-detectable MTBC and MTBC is more detectable in aerosols than sputum by sequencing. The aeromicrobiome is distinct from sputum, oral washes and BALF and contains differentially-enriched lower respiratory tract microbes.
Habitat selection and foraging segregation between two geographically proximate tropical seabird colonies
Authors: Trevail Alice , Vallocchia Sonia , Nicoll Malcolm A. C. , Carr Peter , Votier Stephen C. , Wood Hannah , Freeman Robin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Effective seabird conservation requires understanding their marine spatial ecology. Tracking can reveal details of their foraging ecology and habitat use, as well as the suitability of marine protected areas for at-sea conservation, but results are often regionally specific. Here we characterised foraging behaviour of tropical breeding brown boobies Sula leucogaster from two colonies in the Chagos Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean, and test habitat requirements. GPS tracking of thirteen individuals from two colonies, located 142 km apart on the same atoll (Great Chagos Bank), showed similar foraging effort and habitat preferences between colonies, despite differences in season and breeding stage. Brown boobies from both tracked populations foraged close to the colony along the atoll shelf edge, avoiding deep oceanic areas and shallow waters of the Great Chagos Bank atoll, but within the Chagos Archipelago Marine Protected Area. Sea-level height anomaly and sea surface temperature were important foraging predictors at both sites, although birds experienced distinct environmental conditions between colonies. These results suggest that while brown boobies have colony-specific at-sea foraging areas, similarities in habitat drivers of distribution and foraging behaviour can inform predictions of distributions at other colonies within the archipelago, with important benefits for at-sea conservation efforts.
The Impact of Green Spaces on Thermal Comfort in Urban Street Canyons during Hot Summer Days and Nights
Authors: Liu Junyou , Zheng Bohong , Tang Haifang , Fan Jia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Road greening plays an important role in improving the thermal comfort of street canyons. Optimizing the landscape pattern of road green spaces is undoubtedly beneficial for better utilizing the effect of green spaces in improving thermal comfort in limite street greening area. Given that road greening can have completely different impacts on the thermal comfort of street canyons during the day and at night, this study attempts to explore how to optimize the landscape pattern of road greening to maximize its overall improvement in thermal comfort throughout the summer. This study takes a section of Guihua Road in Changsha, a city in central and southern China as an example, built a model based on the actural situation of the road, and based on this, constructs five optimization models to explore the effectiveness on improving thermal comfort. Research has found that optimizing the landscape pattern of road green spaces has a more significant effect on the daytime thermal comfort of street canyons, with the maximum difference in UTCI between models being 0.76 ℃. However, the maximum difference in UTCI between nighttime models is only 0.06 ℃. Therefore, fully utilizing the effect of plants can be effective to improve daytime thermal comfort of the street canyon. However, for the improvement of the nighttime thermal comfort of the street canyon, peolple should focus more on other measures like improving the ventilation and change the underlying surface materials.
Research on Magnetorheological Ultra Precision Processing Technology and Key Technologies for Semiconductor Wafers
Authors: Li Junye , Tang Jiaxu , Zhang Jun , Li Xiao , Li Bin , Meng Qingxin , Jiang Ping , Zhu Jinbao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As a key process in the manufacturing of integrated circuit chips, the quality and effectiveness of wafer cutting directly affect the performance of the chip. Magnetorheological machining is a flexible machining technique that changes the rheological properties of polishing fluid through internal gradient electromagnetic fields, thereby achieving material removal and surface error correction. This article focuses on magnetorheological machining technology and conducts simulation and experimental research on wafers. By simulating the mechanical properties of the wafer surface under different polishing disc speeds, excitation gaps and particle sizes, the simulation obtained the optimal processing parameters through experiments and data analysis, and finally obtained a smooth wafer surface with a surface roughness of Ra 0.042 µm.
The use of the Surgical Pleth Index to guide anaesthesia in gastroenterological surgery: a randomised controlled study
Authors: Bergman Tommi , Kalliomäki Maija-Liisa , Harju Jarkko , Särkelä Mika 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The measurement of nociception and the optimisation of intraoperative antinociceptive medication could potentially improve the conduct of anaesthesia, especially in the older population. The Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) is one of the monitoring methods presently used for the detection of nociceptive stimulus.
Methods
Eighty patients aged 50 years and older who were scheduled to undergo major abdominal surgery were randomised and divided into a study group and a control group. In the study group, the SPI was used to guide the administration of remifentanil during surgery. In the control group, the SPI value was concealed, and remifentanil administration was based on the clinical evaluation of the attending anaesthesiologist. The primary endpoint of this study was intraoperative remifentanil consumption. In addition, we compared the durations of intraoperative hypotension and hypertension.
Results
No difference in intraoperative remifentanil consumption (4.5 μg kg-1h-1 vs 5.6 μg kg-1h-1, p=0.14) was found. Furthermore, there was no difference in the proportion of hypotensive time (mean arterial pressure, MAP<65) (3.7% vs 1.6%, p=0.40). However, in the subgroup of patients who underwent operation with invasive blood pressure monitoring, there was less severe hypotension (MAP<55) (0.3% vs 0.0%, p=0.02) and intermediate hypotension (MAP<65) (10.2% vs 2.6%, p=0.07) in the treatment group, even though remifentanil consumption was higher (3.5 μg kg-1h-1 vs 5.1 μg kg-1h-1 p=0.03).
Conclusions
The use of SPI guidance for the administration of remifentanil during surgery did not help to reduce the remifentanil consumption. However, the results from invasively monitored study group suggest more timely administered opioid when SPI was used.
Light-Field-Controlled PHz Currents in Metals
Authors: Fehér Beatrix , Hanus Václav , Li Weiwei , Pápa Zsuzsanna , Budai Judit , Paul Pallabi , Szeghalmi Adriana , Wang Zilong , Kling Matthias , Dombi Péter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Oriented electric currents in metals are routinely driven by applying an external electric potential. Although the response of electrons to the external electric fields occurs within attoseconds, conventional electronics do not utilize this speed potential. Ultrafast laser technology, which delivers laser pulses with controlled shapes of electric fields that switch direction at PHz frequencies, opens new perspectives for driving electric currents in metals. Here, we demonstrate an interaction of light with nm-thick metallic layers, that leads to a generation of PHz-bandwidth electric currents, providing evidence that currents in metals can be optically controlled. We show that the implantation of metallic layers into a dielectric matrix leads up to 40 times increase of the sensitivity in contrast to bare dielectric, decreasing the intensity threshold for the lightwave electronics. We establish a link between electronic and optical properties by identifying an empirical relationship between the index of nonlinear susceptibility X(3) and the generated current. We provide an intraband-motion model elucidating the origin of the measured current.