bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a novel fibre optic beam profile and dose monitor for very high energy electron radiotherapy at ultrahigh dose rates
Authors: Bateman Joseph J , Buchanan Emma , Corsini Roberto , Farabolini Wilfrid , Korysko Pierre , Garbrecht Larsen Robert , Malyzhenkov Alexander , Ortega Ruiz Iñaki , Rieker Vilde , Gerbershagen Alexander , Dosanjh Manjit 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Very high energy electrons (VHEE) in the range of 50–250 MeV are of interest for treating deep-seated tumours with FLASH radiotherapy (RT). This approach offers favourable dose distributions and the ability to deliver ultra-high dose rates (UHDR) efficiently. To make VHEE-based FLASH treatment clinically viable, a novel beam monitoring technology is explored as an alternative to transmission ionisation monitor chambers, which have non-linear responses at UHDR. This study introduces the fibre optic flash monitor (FOFM), which consists of an array of silica optical fibre-based Cherenkov sensors with a photodetector for signal readout. Approach. Experiments were conducted at the CLEAR facility at CERN using 200 MeV and 160 MeV electrons to assess the FOFM’s response linearity to UHDR (characterised with radiochromic films) required for FLASH radiotherapy. Beam profile measurements made on the FOFM were compared to those using radiochromic film and scintillating yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) screens. Main results. A range of photodetectors were evaluated, with a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera being the most suitable choice for this monitor. The FOFM demonstrated excellent response linearity from 0.9 Gy/pulse to 57.4 Gy/pulse (R
2 = 0.999). Furthermore, it did not exhibit any significant dependence on the energy between 160 MeV and 200 MeV nor the instantaneous dose rate. Gaussian fits applied to vertical beam profile measurements indicated that the FOFM could accurately provide pulse-by-pulse beam size measurements, agreeing within the error range of radiochromic film and YAG screen measurements, respectively. Significance. The FOFM proves to be a promising solution for real-time beam profile and dose monitoring for UHDR VHEE beams, with a linear response in the UHDR regime. Additionally it can perform pulse-by-pulse beam size measurements, a feature currently lacking in transmission ionisation monitor chambers, which may become crucial for implementing FLASH radiotherapy and its associated quality assurance requirements.
Verification of neuronavigated TMS accuracy using structured-light 3D scans
Authors: Matilainen Noora , Kataja Juhani , Laakso Ilkka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the reliability and accuracy of the manual three-point co-registration in neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The effect of the error in landmark pointing on the coil placement and on the induced electric and magnetic fields was examined. Approach. The position of the TMS coil on the head was recorded by the neuronavigation system and by 3D scanning for ten healthy participants. The differences in the coil locations and orientations and the theoretical error values for electric and magnetic fields between the neuronavigated and 3D scanned coil positions were calculated. In addition, the sensitivity of the coil location on landmark accuracy was calculated. Main results. The measured distances between the neuronavigated and 3D scanned coil locations were on average 10.2 mm, ranging from 3.1 to 18.7 mm. The error in angles were on average from two to three degrees. The coil misplacement caused on average a 29% relative error in the electric field with a range from 9% to 51%. In the magnetic field, the same error was on average 33%, ranging from 10% to 58%. The misplacement of landmark points could cause a 1.8-fold error for the coil location. Significance. TMS neuronavigation with three landmark points can cause a significant error in the coil position, hampering research using highly accurate electric field calculations. Including 3D scanning to the process provides an efficient method to achieve a more accurate coil position.
Simultaneously unveiling the EBL and intrinsic spectral parameters of gamma-ray sources with Hamiltonian Monte Carlo
Authors: Genaro M. , Stuani Pereira L.A. , de Matos Pimentel D.R. , Moura Santos E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) is the main radiation field responsible for
attenuating extragalactic gamma-ray emission at very high energies, but its precise spectral
intensity is not fully determined. Therefore, disentangling propagation effects from the intrinsic
spectral properties of gamma-ray sources (such as active galactic nuclei, AGN) is the primary
challenge to interpret observations of these objects. We present a Bayesian and Markov Chain Monte
Carlo approach to simultaneously infer parameters characterizing the EBL and the intrinsic spectra
in a combined fit of a set of sources, which has the advantage of easily incorporating the
uncertainties of both sets of parameters into one another through marginalization of the posterior
distribution. Taking a sample of synthetic blazars observed by the ideal CTA configuration, we
study the effects on the EBL constraints of combining multiple observations and varying their
exposure. We also apply the methodology to a set of 65 gamma-ray spectra of 36 different AGNs
measured by current Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo as a
solution to the difficult task of sampling in spaces with a high number of parameters. We find
robust constraints in the mid-IR region while simultaneously obtaining intrinsic spectral
parameters for all of these objects. In particular, we identify Markarian 501 (Mkn 501) flare data
(HEGRA/1997) as essential for constraining the EBL above 30 μm.
A Robust and Simple Method for Filling in Masked Data in Astronomical Images
Authors: van Dokkum Pieter , Pasha Imad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Astronomical images often have regions with missing or unwanted information, such as bad pixels, bad columns, cosmic rays, masked objects, or residuals from imperfect model subtractions. In certain situations it can be essential, or preferable, to fill in these regions. Most existing methods use low order interpolations for this task. In this paper a method is described that uses the full information that is contained in the pixels just outside masked regions. These edge pixels are extrapolated inwards, using iterative median filtering. This leads to a smoothly varying spatial resolution within the filled-in regions, and ensures seamless transitions between masked pixels and good pixels. Gaps in continuous, narrow features can be reconstructed with high fidelity, even if they are large. The method is implemented in maskfill, an open-source MIT licensed Python package (https://github.com/dokkum/maskfill). Its performance is illustrated with several examples, and compared to several alternative interpolation schemes.
Finite element models for radiation effects in nuclear fusion applications
Authors: Reali Luca , Dudarev Sergei L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Deuterium-tritium fusion reactions produce energy in the form of 14.1 MeV neutrons, and hence fusion reactor components will be exposed to high energy neutron irradiation while also being subjected to thermal, mechanical and magnetic loads. Exposure to neutron irradiation has numerous consequences, including swelling and dimensional changes, comparable in magnitude to the peak transient thermal deformations occurring in plasma-facing components. Irradiation also dynamically alters the various thermo-mechanical properties, relating temperature, stress and swelling in a strongly non-linear way. Experimental data on the effect of neutron exposure spanning the design parameter space are very sparse and this highlights the relevance of computer simulations. In this study we explore the equivalence between the body force/surface traction approach and the eigenstrain formalism for treating anisotropic irradiation-induced swelling. We find that both commercial and massively parallelised open source software for finite element method (FEM) simulations are suitable for assessing the effect of neutron exposure on the mechanically loaded reactor components. We demonstrate how two primary effects of irradiation, radiation swelling and the degradation of thermal conductivity, affect the distributions of stress and temperature in the divertor of the ITER tokamak. Significant uncertainties characterising the magnitude of swelling and models for treating it suggest that on the basis of the presently available data, only an order of magnitude estimate can be given to the stress developing in reactor components most exposed to irradiation during service.
Research Progress of MXene Composites In Electromagetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Cao Lanlan , Zhang Yong , Qiu Zhenxing , Wang Xuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The issue of electromagnetic wave pollution is increasingly severe due to the rapid advancement of communication technology. Advanced electromagnetic wave absorbing materials have become an important research field. The excellent microwave absorption capabilities of the MXene composite can be attributed to its unique two-dimensional structure, abundant adjustable surfaces with functional groups, significant specific surface area, and high electrical conductivity. In this paper, the electromagnetic properties, electromagnetic wave absorption advantages and electromagnetic wave absorption principles of MXene compared with other materials are reviewed, and the wave absorption properties of MXene/graphene, MXene/carbon nanotubes, MXene/polymer, MXene/metal particles and MXene/oxide composites are summarized and analyzed. It is being investigated what the future holds for MXene and its mixed absorbent materials.
Preparation and Application of Self-adaptive Porous Polyethylene for Mulch Film
Authors: Han Haojie , Ghosh Pintu , Li Qiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Porous polyethylene has emerged as a consequential constituent within the realm of infrared thermal management, owing to its commendable transmittance in the thermal infrared domain and noteworthy high scattering capabilities within the visible spectrum. In this study, we have fabricated porous polyethylene and conducted a comprehensive investigation into its adaptable emissivity alterations within the infrared range, while concurrently upholding a pronounced scattering proficiency in the visible band. Furthermore, we have proffered the prospective application of the prepared adaptive porous polyethylene in the context of mulch film. Empirical has unequivocally demonstrated that the utilization of adaptive porous polyethylene can effectively engender adaptive cooling and insulation modulation in the realm of subterranean plant growth, by harnessing its efficient performance across both the visible and thermal infrared spectra. Simultaneously, the material continually scatters visible light, thereby providing supplemental illumination to plant leaves and fruits in a retrograde manner. This breakthrough affords an efficacious and cost-effective energy-conserving apparatus in the domain of agricultural production.
Application of Neural Network Prediction in the Optimization of Forming Process of Magnetic Ceramic/Rare Earth Alloy Composite Magnets
Authors: Zhao Haofeng , Xia Jun , Wang Ru , He Yiheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In order to ensure that magnet materials have higher mechanical properties and magnetic properties at the same time, magnetic ceramics and rare earth alloys are combined to form composite magnets by bonding and pressing. The nonlinear relationship from input (pressing pressure and holding time) to output (coercivity, density and compressive strength) was established by neural network platform, and the optimization of pressing process was studied. The results show that the density, compressive strength and coercivity of the material increase with increasing pressure. When the pressing pressure exceeds a certain value, the density and compressive strength of the material increase slowly, but the coercivity of the material will decrease. The reason for the decrease of coercivity is related to the crushing of the fast quenched rare earth alloy powders in the form of scales due to excessive pressure and long holding time. The experimental results show that the optimum process parameters with high compressive strength and high coercivity can be found by the prediction of neural network.
Research on the Water Injection Pressure Reducing and Increasing Injection System for Low Permeability Reservoirs in Fushan Oilfield
Authors: Deng Xiaoguo , Dou Tongwei , Fu Jie , Li Heng , He Pixiang , Zhao Junfeng , Cao Xiaomei , Dong Jun , Han Xiangyong , Fan Songlin , Ren Lihua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In response to the problems of increased injection pressure, decreased injection volume, and stopped injection caused by scaling and impurity blockage during the water injection process in the low permeability reservoir of HuaX block in Fushan Oilfield, water quality analysis and scaling experiments were conducted on the injected water in the block to determine the cause of scaling. Secondly, core displacement damage experiments were conducted using natural rock cores and on-site injected water to determine the degree of permeability damage during the water injection process, with a permeability damage rate greater than 70%, Finally, based on the causes of scaling and core displacement experiments, scale inhibitors, anti expansion agents, and surfactants were selected. Through orthogonal experiments, the optimal system formula was determined. The scale inhibition rate was greater than 90%, the anti expansion agent was greater than 90%, and the interfacial tension was less than 0.01mN/m. Core displacement experiments showed that the permeability damage rate of the system to the core was less than 15%, which can achieve the effect of reducing pressure and increasing injection in water injection wells.
Research on Classification Method of Highway Concrete Water Reducing Agent Manufacturers Based on K-means++ Clustering
Authors: Ye Haolong , Fang Shaohong , Zhang Qun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Concrete water reducing agent is an important admixture in the preparation of concrete. Machine learning has a wide range of applications in the field of material science. In this paper, machine learning is creatively applied to the classification of water reducing agent manufacturers. This is because the act of categorizing water reducing agent supply manufacturers in practical engineering relies heavily on the experience of experts, which makes it more difficult to find similar alternative manufacturers when the water reducing agent is out of stock. In order to solve this kind of problem, this paper first performs data cleaning on the original data, a total of 72-dimensional eigenvalues are selected, and missing value processing and standardization are performed to normalize the dataset. Afterwards, the K-means++ algorithm is used to analyze the clustering of manufacturers, and the optimal K value is selected by introducing three evaluation indexes, such as Silhouette Coefficient, and the optimal clustering effect is obtained when K is 3. At this time, when the manufacturers of a certain class are out of stock, similar manufacturers can be found for the replacement of the goods.
Low Frequency Noise Behavior in Resistive Memory Devices with Hf/HfO2 Stack
Authors: Li Kexin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Resistive-random-access-memory (RRAM) devices are considered to be one of the most potential candidates of next generation emerging memory technologies due to their excellent device properties, such as high density, low power, low voltage, and high speed. RRAM features simple metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structures and is fully compatible with traditional CMOS fabrication processes. Low-frequency noise (LFN) measurement is a technique to characterize electrically the trap-assisted conduction processes in dielectrics. In this work, we report the LFN characteristics of Hf/HfO2-based bipolar RRAM and investigate the current conduction mechanism and internal physics.
Optimization of Prestressed Anchor Cable Layout for Left Pier of Jinchuan Hydropower Station
Authors: Si Jianhui , Zhou Yuan , Ding Xinchao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the increase of the flood discharge capacity of the flood discharge structure, the size of the flood discharge orifice is widened, which leads to the increasing thrust of the radial gate. A large tensile stress zone will be formed at the connection between the anchor block and the pier, which may lead to concrete cracking. The optimization design of the prestressed anchor cable of the pier has always been a concern of the engineering community. In this paper, the left pier of Jinchuan Hydropower Station is taken as the research object, and the finite element simulation model is established. The layout position of prestressed anchor cable is optimized, and different layout schemes of prestressed anchor cable on the left pier are designed and calculated. The results show that when the amount of main anchor cable is the same, it should be arranged outside the pier as far as possible; under the condition that the number of main anchor cables on the inner side of the pier is constant, when the direction of the main anchor cable force is consistent with the direction of the radial gate thrust, the main anchor cable prestress plays the greatest role; the arrangement of balance cable has no obvious effect on the tension of concrete at pier neck. It can provide reference for structural design.
Performance Analysis of a Vibration Absorber with the Inerter Element and Amplifying Mechanism
Authors: Gao Ting , Li Jing , Zhu Shaotao , Wang Boyang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Based on the good performance of the new control elements, we introduce the viscoelastic model, the amplification mechanism and the inerter element into the dynamic vibration absorber (DVA). Then, we take it as the research object to obtain the DVA parameters when the system achieves the optimal vibration reduction effect based on the fixed-point theory. Finally, it is eventually demonstrated that the DVA discussed in this paper possesses significant benefits in mitigating vibrations, which provides theoretical basis and data support for the parameters design of DVAs in engineering application.
Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Activity of Selenium Polysaccharides from Tussilago farfara L.
Authors: Liu Simei , Ye Shili , Zhao Peng , Zhang Lihua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Tussilago farfara L. selenium polysaccharides (STFPs, similarly hereinafter) were prepared by Selenous acid salt method from Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharide (TFP, similarly hereinafter). Taking the selenium content of STFPs as an indicator, the synthesis process of STFPs was optimized using response surface methodology based on single factor experiments. The optimal synthesis process conditions obtained are: 90 °C, 12 hours, selenide reagent ratio of 1.2: 1, HNO3 volume fraction of 0.7%, and the average selenium content of STFPs measured under these conditions is 2.338 mg/g. Characterization was carried out by measuring the selenium content, molecular weight, infrared spectroscopy. The results of antioxidant experiments showed that the maximum clearance rate of DPPH· by the selenium polysaccharide from Tussilago farfara L. was 73.16%, which were higher than from Tussilago farfara L. polysaccharides.
Accurate Determination of Trace Sulfur in Superalloys and Its Application
Authors: Wei Jianhuan , Wu Yujie , Gao Jinfeng , Ye Jingjing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe accurate determination technology of trace sulfur in superalloys adopts the latest infrared carbon/sulfur analyzer CS844ES, and carries out technological innovation in five aspects: the three calibrations technology at both ends, the ultrapure composite flux, the reference material traceability technology, the blank influence value determination technology, and the criteria for the accurate determination of trace sulfur. The lower limit of sulfur measurement is extended to 0.5ppm. After appraisal, it has reached the international advanced level. Two reference materials of wrought superalloy GH4169 with trace Sulfur concentration were developed by this technology. Finally, the accurate determination technology of trace Sulfur in superalloys, independent intellectual property rights and trace sulfur reference materials constitute a “Trinity” technical system. This technical system was used to measure GH4169 superalloy in the United States and China at the same time, and the results showed that there are differences in sulfur content among them. This technology is mainly applied independently and has been applied in relevant units and won many technical awards.
Multi-objective Optimization Design of Low-carbon Modular Building
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Sumei , Qi He 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recently architectural research, there is a well-documented emphasis on energy-saving design optimization. However, there is a conspicuous deficiency in studies that address multi-objective optimization related to the long-term carbon emissions associated with building lifecycles. In this study, modular buildings in construction sites are taken as the research object, and box-type rooms are taken as the prototypical model. A set of multi-objective optimization methods for architectural design is established by series modeling tools, building performance simulation tools and NSGA-II non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm tools, combined with Python programming tools. This method is to optimize the reduction of carbon emissions, energy consumption and costs throughout the life cycle. The purpose of this investigation is to establish a methodology for assessing and optimizing architectural designs with a primary focus on carbon emissions during the design phase. The goal is to provide architects with practical insights to enhance their designs while simultaneously achieving intelligent, eco-friendly buildings.
Research on a New Flow Measurement for Intelligent Injection Tools
Authors: Wang Min , Deng Gang , Liu Junli , Yue Qingfeng , Sun Yufei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Intelligent separate injection technology can achieve continuous monitoring data of layered water Injection wells. So it can find out the inefficient water circulating formation timely. Then the water injection schemes can be adjusted in real-time to ensure the high water injection pass rate. It can also increase the working efficiency of the workers’ because of its automatic mode.
But its prime cost is high, which limits its large-scale industrialization application in fine layered water injection wells. The key part is the intelligent water distributor in the intelligent separate injection technology. The cost of electromagnetic flow meter accounts for 38% in the intelligent water distributor. The paper intends to research on flow measurement without flow meter to reduce the high-cost. The pressure difference equation was established for flow rate and the opening ratio of the nozzle using the dimensionless analysis method. The empirical parameters of the equation were obtained through laboratory experiments. The pressure sensors are used to monitor the pressure of water injection wells while achieving the measurement of layered flow rate.
The laboratory experiments results indicate that the calculated flow rate obtained by this method coincides well with the standard flow rate. The relative error is less than 12%. Then,it provides a new flow measurement method for intelligent injection tools. The most significant feature is that the flow meter is no longer mandatory for intelligent water distributors. Due to the cheaper cost that it provides a technical support for the large-scale industrialization application of intelligent separate injection technology in fine layered water injection wells.