bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between rainfall inputs and flood generation in south–east Spain
Authors: Bracken (née Bull) L. J. , Cox N. J. , Shannon J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRainfall and flood data are relatively sparse in semi‐arid areas; hence there have been relatively few investigations into the relationships between rainfall inputs and flood generation in these environments. Previous work has shown that flood properties are influenced by a combination of precipitation characteristics including amount, intensity, duration and spatial distribution. Therefore floods may be produced by high intensity, short duration storms, or longer duration, low intensity rainfall. Most of this research has been undertaken in small catchments in either hyper‐arid or relatively high rainfall Mediterranean climates. This paper presents results from a 6 year data record in south‐east Spain from research conducted in two basins, the Rambla Nogalte (171 km2) and the Rambla de Torrealvilla (200 km2). Data cover an area of approximately 500 km2 and an annual average rainfall of 300 mm. At coarse temporal resolutions gauges spread over large areas record similar patterns of rainfall, although spells of rain show much more complexity; pulses of rain within storms can vary considerably in total rainfall, intensity and duration over the same area. The analysis for south‐east Spain shows that most storms occur over a period of less than 24 h, but that the number of rainfall events declines as the duration exceeds 8 h. This is at odds with data on floods for the study area suggesting that they are produced by storms lasting longer than 18 h. However, one flood event was produced by a very short (15 min) storm with high intensity rainfall. Most floods tended to occur in May/June or September, which coincides with wetter months of the year (September, October, December and May). Floods are also more highly related to the total rainfall occurring in a spell of rain, than to intensity. The complexity of storm rainfall increases with the storm total, which makes it difficult to generalize on the importance of rainfall intensity for flood generation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of acid etching on dentin wettability and roughness: Self‐etching primers versus phosphoric acid
Authors: Aguilar‐Mendoza Jose A. , Rosales‐Leal Juan I. , Rodríguez‐Valverde Miguel A. , Cabrerizo‐Vílchez Miguel A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective: To compare the effect of self‐etching primers and phosphoric acid on the wettability and roughness of smear layer‐covered and smear layer‐free dentin. Materials and Method: Three self‐etching primers (Clearfil SE Bond, AdheSE, and Xeno III) and 10% (w/w) phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution were evaluated. The substrates were midcoronal dentin with and without smear layer. For each liquid, pH, density, and surface tension were determined. Water wettability of dentin and roughness were measured before and after each etching. Wettability of self‐etching primers and phosphoric acid was measured on untreated dentin. Results: Water wettability increased after acid conditioning similarly for all the liquids used. On smear layer‐covered surfaces, self‐etching primers achieved a comparable wetting but with greater contact angles than phosphoric acid. However, on smear layer‐free surfaces, the increasing sequence of contact angle was Clearfil SE < AdheSE < Xeno III < Phosphoric acid. The treatment with phosphoric acid (lowest pH) produced the highest roughness increase on both dentin substrates. The roughening effect of the self‐etching adhesives was more evident for AdheSE and Xeno III. Conclusions: Self‐etching primers and phosphoric acid promote similar water wettability increase. However, self‐etching primers provided lower dentin roughness increase than pretreatment with phosphoric acid. The presence of smear layer did not affect the results of self‐etching and phosphoric acid treatments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Stability, domination and irredundance in a graph
Authors: Favaron Odile 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a graph G, a set X is called a stable set if any two vertices of X are nonadjacent. A set X is called a dominating set if every vertex of V – X is joined to at least one vertex of X. A set X is called an irredundant set if every vertex of X, not isolated in X, has at least one proper neighbor, that is a vertex of V – X joined to it but to no other vertex of X. Let α′ and α, γ, and Γ, ir and IR, denote respectively the minimum and maximum cardinalities of a maximal stable set, a minimal dominating set, and a maximal irredundant set. It is known that ir ⩽ γ ⩽ α′ ⩽ α ⩽ Γ ⩽ IR and that if G does not contain any induced subgraph isomorphic to K1,3, then γ = α′. Here we prove that if G contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to K1,3 or to the graph H of figure 1, then ir = γ = α′. We prove also that if G contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to K1,3, to H, or to the graph h of figure 3, then Γ = IR. Finally, we improve a result of Bollobas and Cockayne about sufficient conditions for γ = ir in terms of forbidden subgraphs.
A note on defective colorings of graphs in surfaces
Authors: Archdeacon Dan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA graph is (m, k)‐colorable if its vertices can be colored with m colors in such a way that each vertex is adjacent to at most k vertices of the same color as itself. In a recent paper Cowen, Cowen, and Woodall proved that, for each compact surface S, there exists an integer k = k(S) such that every graph in S can be (4, k)‐colored. They also conjectured that the 4 could be replaced by 3. In this note we prove their conjecture.
Pagenumber of complete bipartite graphs
Authors: Muder Douglas J. , Weaver Margaret Lefevre , West Douglas B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGiven an ordering of the vertices of a graph around a circle, a page is a collection of edges forming noncrossing chords. A book embedding is a circular permutation of the vertices together with a partition of the edges into pages. Thepagenumber t(G)(also called book thickness) is the minimum number of pages in a book embedding of G. We present a general construction showingt(Km,n) ⩽ ⌈(m+ 2n)/4⌉, which we conjecture optimal. We prove a result suggesting this is optimal form⩾ 2n− 3. For the most difficult casem=n, we consider vertex permutations that areregular, i.e., place vertices from each partite set into runs of equal size. Book embeddings with such orderings require ⌈(7n− 2)/9⌉ pages, which is achievable. The general construction uses fewer pages, but with an irregular ordering.
Hamiltonian cycles in planar triangulations with no separating triangles
Authors: Dillencourt Michael B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA classical theorem of Hassler Whitney asserts that any maximal planar graph with no separating triangles is Hamiltonian. In this paper, we examine the problem of generalizing Whitney's theorem by relaxing the requirement that the triangulation be a maximal planar graph (i.e., that its outer boundary be a triangle) while maintaining the hypothesis that the triangulation have no separating triangles. It is shown that the conclusion of Whitney's theorem still holds if the chords satisfy a certain sparse‐ness condition and that a Hamiltonian cycle through a graph satisfying this condition can be found in linear time. Upper bounds on the shortness coefficient of triangulations without separating triangles are established. Several examples are given to show that the theorems presented here cannot be extended without strong additional hypotheses. In particular, a 1‐tough, non‐Hamiltonian triangulation with no separating triangles is presented.
Playing across the playground: paradoxes of knowledge creation in the videogame firm
Authors: Cohendet Patrick , Simon Laurent 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis contribution illustrates how a videogame firm copes in managing creativity and expression of artistic values, while meeting the constraints of the economics of mass entertainment. The research is based on a case study in one of the largest video game studios in the world located in Montreal, Canada. The approach considers that the creative units of the firms are the communities of specialists (game developers, software programmers, etc.). Each of these communities, which have found a fertile soil in Montreal that nurtures their creative potential, is focused on both exploration and exploitation of a given domain of knowledge. In order to benefit from these sources of creativity, the integration forces implemented by the managers of the firm to bind the creative units together for achieving commercial successes reveal a hybrid form of project management which combines decentralized platforms with strict constraints on time, and a specific management of space that favors informal interactions. However, we suggest that the integration forces put forward by the firm are not just for harnessing creative units: they also generate creative slacks for further expansion of creativity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooking up change in haute cuisine: Ferran Adrià as an institutional entrepreneur
Authors: Svejenova Silviya , Mazza Carmelo , Planellas Marcel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBased on a longitudinal, inductive study of a critical case from a cultural sector, this article explores how institutional entrepreneurs initiate change. Our explanation points to four mechanisms:creativitythat generates continuous flow of new ideas;theorizationthat takes stock of these ideas;reputationwithin and outside the field that endorses ideas as worthy of attention, anddisseminationthat brings ideas to the public domain. As novel ideas challenge received practices in the field, paradoxes of logics and identity emerge and provide potential for change.The study contributes to institutional theory by examining a preliminary, understudied stage of institutional change that provides a potential for change. Further, it shows how institutional entrepreneurs engage in the theorization and dissemination of their work. Finally, it reveals how reputation plays a critical role in the dissemination of new ideas and thus in the shaping up of the paradoxes and the potential for change. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
For art's sake! Artistic and economic logics in creative production
Authors: Eikhof Doris Ruth , Haunschild Axel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn creative or cultural production, work practices are shaped by both artistic and economic logics of practice. We apply a practice theory‐framework to qualitative research in German theatres and analyse (i) the nature of the relationship between artistic and economic logics of practice and (ii) how art and business as reference points influence creative production. Exploring logics of practice in theatre reveals a central paradox of creative production: economic logics tend to crowd out artistic logics, and thus endanger the resources vital to creative production. Consequently theatre actors and theatres, as organisations, have to develop means of safeguarding artistic logics of practice in order to delimit the influence of economic logics. The article shows that despite of this need, no respective organizational routines have emerged. Rather, human resource management practices in theatres are highly personalized and theatre artists have to find their own, idiosyncratic ways of dealing with the tension between artistic and economic logics. We argue that the central paradox in creative production, which is caused by the necessity to manage and market habitually incorporated non‐economic norms and values, is also of crucial relevance for other, especially knowledge‐intensive industries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From conception to consumption: creativity and the missing managerial link
Authors: Thompson Paul , Jones Michael , Warhurst Chris 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe paper argues that two sets of claims can be identified across the literatures—the first that creative work is the driving force of a ‘new economy’ (creative intensity). Second, that cultural industries have a special kind of creativity at its core—the aesthetic attributes of product and process (creative distinctiveness). After examining the literatures and evidence we conclude that little explanatory power resides in expanded conceptions of each set of ‘industries’. The central problem in such literatures is that they frequently move from conception to consumption, leaving a gap where concrete analysis of management, work, and employment relations should be. Whilst ultimately there are only cultural industries with their own logics and dynamics, given the nature of symbolic goods and the associated indeterminacy of outcomes, a narrower conception of creative distinctiveness in cultural industries has some analytical purchase. This is explored in the context of the popular music industry, where we outline a double articulation of creativity: musicians mayself‐managetheir own creativity, but within a framework whereby record company personnel engage in multiple points of management, setting the terms of access to resources and influence, and ultimately to the market‐place. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extent and characterisation of salt‐affected soils in Iran and strategies for their amelioration and management
Authors: Qadir M. , Qureshi A. S. , Cheraghi S. A. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSalinisation of land resources is a major impediment to their optimal utilisation in many arid and semi‐arid regions of the world including Iran. Estimates suggest that about 34 million ha, including 4·1 million ha of the irrigated land, are salt‐affected in Iran as the consequence of naturally occurring phenomena and anthropogenic activities. The annual economic losses due to salinisation in the country are more than US$ 1 billion. With variable levels of success, different approaches—salt leaching and drainage interventions, crop‐based management, chemical amendments and fertilisers and integrated application of these approaches—have been used to enhance the productivity of salt‐affected soils in the Country. From sustainable management perspective, it is revealed from the past research that integrated salinity management and mitigation approaches have the potential to successfully address the complex problems of salt‐induced land degradation in Iran. As the growing need to produce more food and fibre for the expanding Iranian population necessitates the increased use of salt‐affected land resources in the foreseeable future, there is an urgent need to develop and implement a pertinent National Strategic Plan. In addition to establishing networks for monitoring spatial and temporal changes in soil salinity and water quality, this plan should integrate the management of salt‐affected environments into the overall management of land and water resources in the country. It should also address different management aspects of salt‐affected land resources in a holistic manner by considering the biophysical and environmental conditions of the target areas as well as livelihoods of the affected communities. The involvement of the communities will facilitate in developing a greater understanding about the potential uses and markets of the agricultural products produced from salt‐affected areas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of phospholipids using electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Buyukpamukcu Elif , Hau Jöerg , Fay Laurent‐Bernard , Dionisi Fabiola 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhospholipids have widespread use as surfactants and emulsifying agents, and as ingredients with nutritional benefits. We describe an approach for their analysis, based on separation by reversed‐phase HPLC and identification and quantification by electrospray ionization MS and MS/MS. It enables the identification of phospholipids by assessing their polar head and fatty acid moieties, as well as their quantitative analysis.
Nonlinear shear‐free radiative collapse
Authors: Misthry S. S. , Maharaj S. D. , Leach P. G. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe study realistic models of relativistic radiating stars undergoing gravitational collapse which have vanishing Weyl tensor components. Previous investigations are generalized by retaining the inherent nonlinearity at the boundary. We transform the boundary condition to an Abel equation of the first kind. A variety of nonlinear solutions is generated all of which can be written explicitly. Several classes of infinite solutions exist. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher expression of hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1/p32/gC1qR/SF2) during follicular development and cumulus oocyte complex maturation in rat
Authors: Thakur Sonu Chand , Datta Kasturi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOvulation is a complex process of releasing a fertilizable oocyte and depends on the proper formation of an extracellular hyaluronan rich matrix by the cumulus oocyte complex (COC). The formation of a HA rich matrix is dependent on the synthesis and organization of HA in the presence of several biomolecules that mediate its crosslinking. To gain an insight into the follicular maturation and COC expansion, we have studied the expression of hyaluronan binding protein 1 (HABP1), which is known to interact specifically with hyaluronan. The level of HABP1 increased markedly during ovulation after gonadotropin stimulation, and the overexpression was seen in mural granulosa cells, expanding cumulus cells and follicular fluid. However, HABP1 could not be detected in the luteal cells of corpus luteum after ovulation. Such increased expression of HABP1 was observed both during in vivo and in vitro conditions of COC expansion. The level of HABP1 transcript was upregulated up to fivefold after COC expansion as compared to compact COC. Immunofluorescence analysis showed HABP1 to be localized in the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix, suggesting its role in ECM organization. The cultured expanded COC treated with hyaluronidase for different time periods showed the gradual dispersion of COC, which coincide with the loss of HABP1 from the matrix suggesting that HABP1 is bound to hyaluronan. These results indicate that HABP1 expressed in rat COCs during maturation may facilitate the formation of the HA matrix in the extracellular space around the oocyte with cumulus expansion during maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 429–438, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The psychometric properties of the PRAFAB‐questionnaire: A brief assessment questionnaire to evaluate severity of urinary incontinence in women
Authors: Hendriks Erik J.M. , Bernards Arnold T.M. , Berghmans Bary C.M. , de Bie Rob A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsTo determine the psychometric properties of the (5‐item) total PRAFAB‐questionnaire score in a group of patients with stress or predominant urgency urinary incontinence (UI) to justify its use in clinical practice and research.MethodsPsychometric properties were assessed in a prospective cohort of patients with primary or recurrent UI referred for physiotherapy treatment.ResultsIn total, 99 women enrolled the cohort study, of whom 87 were classified as stable (“about the same” on the global rating scale [GRS]) and included for analyses. Factor analysis resulted in a single underlying factor in both UI groups. The PRAFAB‐questionnaire scores demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability (high ICCsagreement [0.93–0.95] and kappa scores for individual items) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha's of 0.82). The PRAFAB‐questionnaire was able to discriminate among different patient groups indicating good construct validity. Responsiveness to clinical improvement for both groups was shown to be excellent with large effect size statistics and high correlations (0.79–0.89) with patients' perceived benefit on the GRS indicating excellent longitudinal validity. The minimally important change stratified for non‐severe and severe classified patients were estimated between −2.5 to −4.6 and −4.5 to −7.0 points, respectively for the stress UI group and −2.5 to −3.4 points and −4.0 to −4.4, respectively for the urgency UI group.ConclusionsThe brief and simple PRAFAB‐questionnaire demonstrated good psychometric properties for use in clinical practice and research to evaluate treatment effects for UI in women. Future research will be necessary to replicate these findings and further explore its psychometric properties. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:998–1007, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fourth‐order compact schemes for solving multidimensional heat problems with Neumann boundary conditions
Authors: Zhao Jennifer , Dai Weizhong , Zhang Suyang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article, two sets of fourth‐order compact finite difference schemes are constructed for solving heat‐conducting problems of two or three dimensions, respectively. Both problems are with Neumann boundary conditions. These works are extensions of our earlier work (Zhao et al., Fourth order compact schemes of a heat conduction problem with Neumann boundary conditions, Numerical Methods Partial Differential Equations, to appear) for the one‐dimensional case. The local one‐dimensional method is employed to construct these two sets of schemes, which are proved to be globally solvable, unconditionally stable, and convergent. Numerical examples are also provided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Analysis and convergence of finite volume method using discontinuous bilinear functions
Authors: Ye Xiu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe develop finite volume method using discontinuous bilinear functions on rectangular mesh. This method is analyzed for the Stokes equations. An optimal error estimate for the approximation of velocity is obtained in a mesh‐dependent norm. First order L2‐error estimates are derived for the approximations of both velocity and pressure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Drifting towards convergence? Motivation and performance management in state and private companies in the provision of telecom services in Ghana
Authors: Awortwi Nicholas , Vondee Joana 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe concept of expectancy on which many of the theories of workplace incentive programmes are based, claims that when employees are given a particular level of motivation, it will result in some level of performance. The general perception in Ghana is that public sector employees do not perform as efficiently as private sector workers because they lack incentives to do so. However, few studies have compared the incentive structures of the two sectors. Using empirical evidence from four telecom companies in Ghana, this article shows that the gaps between ‘state’ and ‘private’ have narrowed. Also, while incentive structures such as salary, fringe benefits and job (in)security are converging, critical performance management processes like employees' participation in decision‐making, performance appraisal, monitoring and credibility of sanctions are drifting apart. This article concludes that differences in performance between state and private companies may be explained by performance management processes and not incentive structures. It cautions that improved salaries and other office perquisites may not by themselves achieve organisational performance. Rather, incentives should be embedded in a broader approach through effective performance management processes. The information in the article is relevant to the ‘borderline’ part of the public sector under a deregulated environment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.