bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thin Gold Interstitial-layer on the Photovoltaic Properties of Tandem Organic Solar Cell
Authors: Hiramoto Masahiro , Suezaki Minoru , Yokoyama Masaaki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Tandem type organic solar cell consisting of two combined unit cells was fabricated. Each unit cell was two-layer organic solar cell composed of metal-free phthalocyanine and perylene tetracarboxylic derivative. When ultra-thin Au layer was inserted between unit cells, photovoltage increased about 2 times, while photocurrent density was much dependent on the thickness of the inserted Au layer.
Ionic Conductivity of LiTi2(PO4)3 Mixed with Lithium Salts
Authors: Aono Hiromichi , Sugimoto Eisuke , Sadaoka Yoshihiko , Imanaka Nobuhito , Adachi Gin-ya 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
LiTi2(PO4)3-lithium salt systems have been investigated in order to obtain a high lithium ion conductor. The salts acted as binder for sintering. The porosity decreased considerably and the conductivity of the pellets increased by the binder utilization. The maximum conductivity was 3 × 10−4 S·cm−1 for the LiTi2(PO4)3–0.2Li3BO3 system. The mixed binder was found to exist as a glassy or a thin coating second phase.
Liquid Phase Carbonylation with Solid Catalyst. Carboxy Methylation of Dihalo Methane with Group VIII Metals Supported on Active Carbon
Authors: Yagita Hiroshi , Kuwahara Hiroyuki , Omata Kohji , Fujimoto Kaoru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
It was found that cobalt supported on active carbon showed an excellent catalytic activity for the carbonylation of dibromo methane in the liquid phase. For example, when the reaction was conducted under the conditions of 140 °C, P(CO) = 31 atm, the yields of dimethyl malonate and bromomethyl acetate were 34.4% and 22.2%, respectively. Pd and Rh also showed catalytic activities.
Micellar Aggregation Behavior of 11-Ferrocenylundecyl Polyoxyethylene Ether Surfactant in Water
Authors: Yokoyama Seiichiro , Kurata Hideaki , Harima Yutaka , Yamashita Kazuo , Hoshino Katsuyoshi , Kokado Hiroshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Micellar aggregate formed by 11-ferrocenylundecyl polyoxyethylene ether is investigated using four complementary techniques. The measurements show that the micelle is a spherical particle with the radius of 3.8 ± 0.3 nm and with the aggregation number of 62 on the average.
A New Preparation Method of Electrochromic Prussian Blue Films by Casting a Solution and Their Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Toshima Naoki , Lin Ru-Jang , Kaneko Masao 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A novel method for preparing Prussian Blue (PB) films cast from a PB solution of organic solvent containing cationic surfactants is reported. The cyclic voltammogram for the oxidation of the film is much simpler than that of an electrochemically deposited PB film. The electrochromic behavior was investigated by in-situ UV-VIS spectroscopy.
Photoreduction of Rhodium(III) Ions in Water with Ultraviolet Light Aiming to Prepare the Dispersions of Ultrafine Particles
Authors: Ohtaki Michitaka , Toshima Naoki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Rhodium(III) ions in an aqueous solution were successfully photoreduced by ultraviolet light irradiation. In the presence of a soluble polymer or a surfactant as a protective agent, the stable dispersions of ultrafine metal particles of rhodium were prepared. Besides, the photoreduction proceeded on irradiation with visible light in the presence of ethanol or 2-propanol.
Extremely Long CC Single Bonds in Stereomers of 6,7,12a,12b-Tetrahydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazine
Authors: Muramatsu Takashi , Toyota Azumao , Hanaya Kaoru , Ikegami Yusaku 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
MINDO/3 and MNDO calculations show that the titled compound should exist as two stereomers, d1 form being lower in energy than meso form by about 2 kcal/mol. Anomalies in the thermal and photochemical cleavages at a certain CC bond are explained by the properties inherent to the two structures.
Amphiphilic Compounds Having Heterocycles. Effects of the Structure of Heterocycle on the Behavior of the Monolayer at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Takehara Kenji , Oozono Yasuhiko , Oda Shigeru , Isomura Kazuaki , Taniguchi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms of monolayers of amphiphilic compounds, in which one phenyl ring of 4′-dodecyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid was replaced by a pyrazine, pyridine, or pyrimidine nucleus, were measured. The difference of π-A isotherms depending on the structure of heterocycles can be understood in terms of interaction between chromophores.
Preparation and Complexation Properties of Chelating Resin Containing Lysine-Nα,Nα-Diacetic Acid
Authors: Yokoyama Toshiro , Kanesato Masatoshi , Kimura Testuo , Suzuki Toshishige M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Lysine derivative consisting of amine-N,N,N-triacetic acid and spacer moiety has been immobilized onto cross-linked polystyrene beads by one-step reaction. The metal ion exchange property and selectivity of the newly prepared resin for some trivalent and divalent metal ions have been studied.
Pyruvic Acid Dimethylhydrazone. A Synthetic Equivalent of the Pyruvic Acid Dianion
Authors: Tapia Inés , Alcazar Victoria , Moran Joaquín R , Caballero Cruz , Grande Manuel 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The pyruvic acid dimethyl hydrazone can be easily prepared in ether. This compound, after deprotonation with alkyllithium, forms a strong nucleophile which on treatment with electrophiles and acidic work up yield α-ketoacids, α-hydroxybutenolides or α,γ-diketoacids.
Electrochemical Properties and UV Spectra of Permethylpolygermanes
Authors: Okano Mitsutoshi , Mochida Kunio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Cyclic voltammograms of Me(GeMe2)nMe n = 2–6 and (GeMe2)6 were recorded. The data showed that HOMO moves up more largely than LUMO moves down as the polygermane chain elongates. UV spectra were also measured. Examination of UV data and the oxidation potentials for Me(GeMe2)6Me and (GeMe2)6 suggested that (GeMe2)6 is stabilized by 2.3 kcal mol−1.
Preparation of New Compound AgTaS3
Authors: Wada Hiroaki , Onoda Mitsuko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A new ternary sulfide compound AgTaS3 has been prepared by a sealed silica tube method at 500 °C. The crystal structure has been determined by X-ray powder and electron diffraction. It was found that AgTaS3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Cmc21 with unit cell dimensions of a = 3.3755 Å, b = 14.0608 Å, c = 7.7486 Å.
The Effect of Chain Length of Hydrophilic Group on the Langmuir–Blodgett Films Containing Perfluoroalkyl Groups
Authors: Sekiya Akira , Tamura Masanori 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Long chain perfluoroalkyl groups were introduced to polyamine derivatives which had different chain length and Langmuir–Blodgett films of these amphiphiles were prepared. When pentaethylenehexamine was used as polyamine derivative, stable surface monolayers were formed and properties of the LB films were similar to the polymer LB films, however, less stable surface monolayer was formed as chain length became shorter.
An Infrared Study of Carbon Monoxide Adsorbed on Platinum Electrode Modified with Bismuth Submonolayer
Authors: Osawa Masatoshi , Sakurai Hiroshi , Ito Katsuya , Suëtaka Wataru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Infrared spectra of CO adsorbed on Pt electrodes modified with underpotentially deposited Bi adatoms have been measured in situ as a function of Bi coverage (θBi). Shape and position of the C–O stretching band changed depending upon θBi. The observed spectral changes are explained by dipole coupling between CO molecules. Structure of Bi adlayer is discussed from the spectra of CO.
Chemiluminescence of l-tryptophan in Copper(II)–Hydrogen Peroxide–Potassium Sodium Tartrate System
Authors: Hara Tadashi , Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko , Imai Toshihito , Yoshida Naoki , Nakajima Riichiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
l-tryptophan was found for the first time to show the chemiluminescence in the copper(II)–hydrogen peroxide–potassium sodium tartrate system with its maximum chemiluminescence intensity at about 3 h. Other α-amino acids such as l-histidine, l-methionine, and l-isoleucine showed no chemiluminescence. l-tryptophan in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−3 mol dm−3 apparently showed the chemiluminescence corresponding to its concentration.
One-way Photoisomerization of the C=N Double Bond. Isomerization of (Z)-N-Methoxy-1-(2-anthryl)ethanimine
Authors: Furuuchi Hideo , Arai Tatsuo , Kuriyama Yasunao , Sakuragi Hirochika , Tokumaru Katsumi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
On triplet sensitized excitation N-methoxy-1-(2-anthryl)ethanimine underwent Z → E one-way isomerization, while no reverse isomerization took place. Photostationary state isomer compositions, quantum yields, and transient absorption spectra indicate an adiabatic quantum chain process in the isomerization as proposed for 2-anthrylethylenes.
A Convenient 2-Deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosylation Reaction Using Dimethylphosphinothioate Method
Authors: Yamanoi Takashi , Inazu Toshiyuki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Several 2-deoxy-α-glucosides were obtained in good yields with high stereoselectivity by glycosylation reaction of the corresponding alcohols with 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl dimethylphosphinothioate in the presence of a catalytic amount of triphenylmethylium perchlorate or an equivalent amount of silver perchlorate.
Ferromagnetic Spin-Coupling in a Binuclear Cu(II)–Gd(III) Complex
Authors: Matsumoto Naohide , Sakamoto Masatomi , Tamaki Hiroko , Okawa Hisashi , Kida Sigeo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Ferromagnetic spin-coupling between Cu(II) and Gd(III) ions was observed in a binuclear Cu(II)–Gd(III) complex CuGd(fsaen)NO3·4H2O (H4fsaen = N,N′-bis(3-carboxysalicylidene)ethylenediamine). The magnetic behavior was well reproduced by the equation derived from H = −2JSCu·SGd (SCu = 1/2, SGd = 7/2) with g = 2.01 and J = +1.7 cm−1.
Ipso Substitution by Alkoxide Ions in Photolysis of Triarylvinyl Halides. Firm Evidence for Intervention of Vinyl Cations
Authors: Kitamura Tsugio , Nakamura Ichizo , Kabashima Takashi , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Taniguchi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Photolysis of 1-bromo-2, 2-bis(p-alkoxyphenyl)-1-phenylethenes in the presence of sodium ethoxide in ethanol gave ipso adducts bearing 1,2-aryl rearranged structure, indicating that ipso substitution proceeds via vinyl cations.
Propylene Oxide Synthesis and Selective Oxidation over Supported Metal Oxide Photocatalysts with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Amano Fumiaki , Tanaka Tsunehiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Recent progress of photocatalytic epoxidation of propylene with molecular oxygen is reviewed. Highly dispersed metal oxide photocatalysts, such as silica-supported V2O5, Nb2O5, and TiO2 with low loading, promote steady-state propylene oxide formation with high selectivity (&gt;40%). The isolated tetrahedrally-coordinated species in the ligand-to-metal charge-transferred state is the photocatalytic active site. The photo-induced hole center localized on the lattice oxygen plays a significant role for the photocatalytic epoxidation. In the case of isolated TiO4 tetrahedra on silica, an electrophilic oxygen species is generated by the reaction between the hole center and molecular oxygen. The addition of alkali ions to surface VO4 tetrahedra improves the photocatalytic epoxidation ability of V2O5/SiO2 with low loading. The key step in the selective photocatalytic oxidation over isolated VO4 tetrahedra is the electron transfer from a hydrocarbon to the photo-induced hole center on the lattice oxygen, which is inserted in the photogenerated products.
Hydrophobicity-controlled Drug Delivery System from Organic Modified Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Tang Qunli , Xu Yao , Wu Dong , Sun Yuhan 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A controlled drug release has been obtained from hybrid organic–inorganic mesoporous silica carriers under in vitro conditions. The control of drug release rate can be ascribed to the incorporation of different hydrophobic functional groups.
High Catalytic Activity of Manganese–Porphyrin Cage Confining a Metal Nanocluster in Styrene Epoxidation
Authors: Konishi Katsuaki , Xu Feng , Murakami Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Mn–porphyrin cages confining ca. 1.4–1.5 nm Pd and Au clusters (1a and 2a) showed high catalytic turnover numbers rather than simple monomeric porphyrin complex (3a) in styrene epoxidation by iodosobenzene. Absorption spectroscopic studies indicated that the accumulation of inactive species is efficiently suppressed when the cage catalysts 1a and 2a were employed.
Asymmetric [1,2] Stevens Rearrangement of (S)-N-Benzylic Proline-derived Ammonium Salts under Biphasic Conditions
Authors: Tayama Eiji , Nanbara Shintaro , Nakai Takeshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The Stevens rearrangement of (S)-N-benzylic proline-derived ammonium salt with cesium hydroxide in 1,2-dichloroethane is shown to proceed with a high degree of the N-to-C chirality transmission to afford the α-substituted proline derivatives in high enantio-purities.
Three-dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Mixed Iron Oxide; Preparation and Structural Characterization of Inverse Opals with Skeleton Structure
Authors: Sadakane Masahiro , Takahashi Chigusa , Kato Nobuyasu , Asanuma Takahito , Ogihara Hitoshi , Ueda Wataru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) materials of polycrystalline spinel- and perovskite-type mixed metal oxide (ZnFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and LaFeO3) could be successfully fabricated using colloidal crystal template method in excellent yield. More than 90% of the obtained materials had the 3DOM structure. The crystallites of the spinel- or perovskite-type mixed iron oxide construct struts, tetrahedral and square prism vertexes. The struts connect the tetrahedral and square prism vertexes to produce inverse opals with skeleton structure in three dimensions.
Solvent Extraction of Lanthanides into an Ionic Liquid Containing N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine
Authors: Shimojo Kojiro , Naganawa Hirochika , Kubota Fukiko , Goto Masahiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The extraction behavior of lanthanides from aqueous solutions into an ionic liquid (IL) was investigated with N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) as a ligand. The extraction performance of TPEN for lanthanides is greatly enhanced by dissolution in IL compared to in chloroform. Furthermore, the stripping of lanthanides from IL into a receiving phase is successfully achieved under acidic conditions.
In Situ Observation of Spherical DNA Assembly “Nucleo-cages” in Water and Their Stabilization by Photocrosslinking
Authors: Kim Kwonil , Masumoto Kouzou , Matsuura Kazunori , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Formation of spherical microstructures from three-way junction DNA is observed in water by confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (CLSM). Photocrosslinking of nucleo-cages by psoralen derivatives is shown to effectively increase their stability against heat and urea.
Cangrelor for Treatment of Coronary Thrombosis
Authors: Fugate Susan E , Cudd Laura A 
Published: April 2006

Objective: To review and assess available literature on the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, adverse events, drug interactions, special populations, and dosing and administration for cangrelor, a product in late stage Phase II clinical trials. Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE (1966–March 2006), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–February 2006), and Cochrane database (first quarter 2006) was conducted using key terms of cangrelor, AR-C69931 MX, and P2Y12 receptor antagonist. Bibliographies of relevant articles were reviewed for additional references. The Medicines Company Web site was reviewed, and a company representative was contacted. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Available English-language literature, including abstracts, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and review articles, was reviewed. Data Synthesis: Cangrelor is a P2Y12 antagonist under development for treatment of acute coronary syndrome. Cangrelor has been studied as an intravenous infusion in doses of 2 or 4 μg/kg/min. It inhibits platelet aggregation with rapid onset and offset and does not require metabolism for therapeutic activity. Published Phase II trials have demonstrated safety and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Conclusions: Cangrelor is a promising investigational medication for inhibition of platelet aggregation in acute arterial coronary events. Phase II trials have shown safety and a greater inhibition of platelet aggregation over clopidogrel. Phase III trials will provide more definitive information on clinical efficacy and safety. Until then, the role of cangrelor is uncertain.
Application of the Reference Temperature to the Evaluation of Cleavage Fracture in HSLA-100 Steel
Authors: Graham SM , Mercier GP , L'Heureux BP 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture behavior of HSLA-100 steel at a temperature of −40°C (−40°F). Tests were conducted on three different compositions and two orientations of HSLA-100. HY-100 was also tested to provide a baseline for comparison. Various fracture-related tests were conducted, including traditional test methods, such as the Charpy V-notch and the Dynamic Tear, and more recent methods, such as ductile crack growth initiation (JIc) and the reference temperature. Transition temperatures from the Charpy tests were all very similar, falling around −129°C (−200°F), although the upper shelf Charpy energy for the HY-100 was lower than the HSLA-100 steels. Dynamic tear energies at −40°C for the four steels ranged from 800 to 1800 J. The average reference temperature of all four steels, measured according to ASTM E 1921, was around −151°C (−240°F), with one composition of HSLA-100 coming in as low as −179°C (−290°F) and another as high as −123°C (−190°F). Fracture toughness tests were conducted according to E 1820 at temperatures of −40, −29, and −18°C. These temperatures were more than 83°C above the highest of the reference temperatures, so cleavage fracture was not expected to occur. The HY-100 specimens exhibited an average initiation toughness of 227 kJ/m2 (1296 lb/in.) and crack growth remained ductile throughout the tests. Even though the HSLA-100 exhibited initiation toughnesses more than twice as high as the HY-100, many of the tests terminated in cleavage fracture after amounts of ductile crack growth varying from 0 to 1.85 mm (0.073 in.). This was an unexpected result based on good Charpy and dynamic tear energies at −40°C, and low reference temperatures. The higher initiation toughness and tearing resistance of HSLA-100 allowed very high stresses to develop in the fracture process zone. As ductile crack growth occurred, the fracture process zone swept through an increasing volume of metal, which increased the probability of cleavage fracture. It is shown that the load required to reach these levels of crack driving force may be above gross section yielding of a typical structure. In this case failure by gross section yielding would occur before fracture. This is demonstrated with the aid of a failure assessment diagram.
Explanation of the Origin of Distortion and Residual Stress in Water Quenched Cylinders Using Computer Simulation
Authors: Arimoto K , Horino T , Ikuta F , Jin C , Tamura S , Narazaki M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Measurements of quench distortion and internal residual stresses in quenched cylinders have been performed for many years. Distortion and stress distribution patterns have been identified in the typical steels and cooling conditions. Pioneers of the heat treatment simulation compared their simulated results with experimental data obtained and reported in the 1970s and 1980s. However, these early researchers did not fully explain the mechanism of distortion and residual stress generation based on their simulated results. Although there were several reports on distribution changes of stress, similar reports relating to strains were rarely reported. In this research, water quenched steel cylinders were simulated and an origin of distortion and residual stress generations was explained using the simulated stress and strain distribution changes.
Device Harmonization to Determine Smoothness Specification for Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Chen J-S , Chang M-K , Lin K-Y 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Pavement smoothness is a key factor in determining highway user satisfaction. Because of technical limitations of traditional equipment and measurement procedures, the adequacy of a straightedge in characterizing roughness and having it relate to user response has come to question. One barrier to more widespread implementation of a new smoothness standard is the lack of objective, verifiable correlation methods for use in establishing specification limits. The purpose of this study was to (1) develop statistical approaches to harmonize two different measurement devices, i.e., a 3-m straightedge and an inertial profiler; and (2) determine the specification for flexible pavements. The device harmonization requires the development of procedures for statistically testing through comparisons to reference measurements. Data collected from 85 pavement sections on newly constructed and resurfaced highways were examined to demonstrate the device's ability to measure specific smoothness properties. Smoothness data are shown to be normally distributed according to the chi-squared test. Test results obtained from straightedge are found to be significantly different from those from profiler. Smoothness specifications applied for straightedge cannot be directly used to those for profiler. A conversion equation is developed to help contractors convert smoothness measurements between these two devices based on the same acceptance level. The International Roughness Index (IRI) obtained from the profiler appears to provide better measures of smoothness and better correlation with user response. Four following ranges are proposed for the smoothness specification according to the acceptance smoothness level: bonus, full pay, penalty, and correction. As the acceptance probability sets at 20%, the bonus threshold value should be less than 1.20 mm and 2.55 m/km for straightedge and profiler, respectively. The acceptance level is found to be below 2.60 mm and 3.60 m/km for straightedge and profiler, respectively. The demarcation line between penalty and correction is drawn at 95% of the acceptance probability with corresponding values of 3.35 mm and 4.10 m/km for straightedge and profiler, respectively. This research effort has developed a series of relationships between IRI and straightedge that can assist highway agencies in transitioning to IRI smoothness specification for pavements.
Numerische Methoden zur passivitätserhaltenden Modellreduktion (Numerical Methods for Passivity Preserving Model Reduction)
Authors: Faßbender Heike , Benner Peter 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Bei der Modellierung dynamischer Systeme entstehen heutzutage häufig Systeme hoher Ordnung (d.h. mit 10000 und mehr Gleichungen). Um eine numerische Simulation mit akzeptablem zeitlichem Umfang zu gewährleisten, reduziert man das gegebene dynamische System von Gleichungen zu einem System derselben Form, welches eine Lösung mit stark verkürzter Rechenzeit erlaubt. Häufig wird gefordert, dass das reduzierte System die selben Eigenschaften wie das unreduzierte Modell aufweist; wichtige Eigenschaften sind in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere Stabilität und Passivität. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über numerische Verfahren zur passivitätserhaltenden Modellreduktion.