bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the structure of the solution set of evolution inclusions with Fréchet subdifferentials
Authors: Cardinali Tiziana 
Published: March 2007

In this paper we consider a Cauchy problem in which is present an evolution inclusion driven by the Fréchet subdifferential o ∂−f of a function
f : Ω → R ∪ {+∞} (Ω is an open subset of a real separable Hilbert space)
having a φ‐monotone . subdifferential of order two and a perturbation
F : I × Ω → Pfc(H) with nonempty, closed and convex values.First we show that the Cauchy problem has a nonempty solution set
which is an Rδ‐set in C(I, H), in particular, compact and acyclic. Moreover, we obtain a Kneser‐type theorem. In addition, we establish a continuity result about the solution‐multifunction x → S(x). We also produce a
continuous selector for the multifunction x → S(x). As an application of
this result, we obtain the existence of solutions for a periodic problem.
Palm theory for random time changes
Authors: Miyazawa Masakiyo , Nieuwenhuis Gert , Sigman Karl 
Published: March 2007

Palm distributions are basic tools when studying stationarity in the context of point processes, queueing systems, fluid queues or random measures. The framework varies with the random phenomenon of interest, but
usually a one‐dimensional group of measure‐preserving shifts is the starting point. In the present paper, by alternatively using a framework involving random time changes (RTCs) and a two‐dimensional family of shifts,
we are able to characterize all of the above systems in a single framework.
Moreover, this leads to what we call the detailed Palm distribution (DPD)
which is stationary with respect to a certain group of shifts. The DPD has
a very natural interpretation as the distribution seen at a randomly chosen
position on the extended graph of the RTC, and satisfies a general duality
criterion: the DPD of the DPD gives the underlying probability P in return.To illustrate the generality of our approach, we show that classical
Palm theory for random measures is included in our RTC framework. We
also consider the important special case of marked point processes with
batches. We illustrate how our approach naturally allows one to distinguish between the marks within a batch while retaining nice stationarity
properties.
On the stability of stationary solutions of a linear integro‐differential equation
Authors: Dorogovtsev A. Ya. , Trofimchuk O. Yu. 
Published: March 2007

In this paper the following two connected problems are discussed. The problem of the existence of a stationary solution for the abstract equation

containing a small parameter ε in Banach space B is considered. Here A ∈ ℒ(B) is a fixed operator, E ∈ C([0, +∞), ℒ(B)) and ξ is a stationary process. The asymptotic expansion of the stationary solution for equation (1)
in the series on degrees of e is given.We have proved also the existence of a stationary with respect to time
solution of the boundary value problem in B for a telegraph equation (6)
containing the small parameter ε. The asymptotic expansion of this solution is also obtained.
A classical approach to eigenvalue problems associated with a pair of mixed regular Sturm‐Liouville equations I
Authors: Venkatesulu M. , Baruah Pallav Kumar 
Published: March 2007

In the studies of acoustic waveguides in ocean, buckling of columns with
variable cross sections in applied elasticity, transverse vibrations in non
homogeneous strings, etc., we encounter a new class of problems of the
type defined on an interval [d1, d2] and
on the adjacent interval [d2, d3] satisfying
certain matching conditions at the interface point x = d2.Here in Part I, we constructed a fundamental system for (L1, L2) and
derive certain estimates for the same. Later, in Part II, we shall consider
four types of boundary value problems associated with (L1, L2) and study
the corresponding spectra.
A classical approach to eigenvalue problems associated with apair of mixed regular Sturm‐Liouville equations II
Authors: Venkatesulu M. , Baruah Pallav Kumar 
Published: March 2007

In the studies of acoustic waveguides in ocean, buckling of columns with variable
cross sections in applied elasticity, transverse vibrations in nonhomogeneous
strings, etc., we encounter a new class of problems of the type
defined on an interval [d1, d2] and
defined on the interval [d2, d3] satisfying certain
matching conditions at the interface point x = d2.Earlier, in Part I, we constructed a fundamental system for (L1, L2)
and
derived certain estimates for the same.Here, in Part II, we consider four types of boundary value problems associated

with (L1, L2) and study the corresponding spectra.
Solutions of nonstandard initial value problems for a first order ordinary differential equation
Authors: Venkatesulu M. , Srinivas P. D. N. 
Published: March 2007

Differential equations of the form y′ = f(t, y, y′), where f is not necessarily
linear in its arguments, represent certain physical phenomena and have been
known to mathematicians for quite a long time. But a fairly general
existence theory for solutions of the above type of problems does not exist
because the (nonstandard) initial value problem y′ = f(t, y, y′), y(t0) = y0 does
not permit an equivalent integral equation of the conventional form. Hence,
our aim here is to present a systematic study of solutions of the NSTD IVPs
mentioned above.First, we establish the equivalence of the NSTD IVP with a functional
equation and prove the local existence of a unique solution of the NSTD IVP
via the functional equation. Secondly, we prove the continuous dependence
of the solutions on initial conditions and parameters. Finally, we prove a
global existence result and present an example to illustrate the theory.
On a multilevel controlled bulk queueing system MX/Gr,R/1
Authors: Abolnikov Lev , Dshalalow Jewgeni H. 
Published: March 2007

The authors introduce and study a class of bulk queueing systems with
a compound Poisson input modulated by a semi‐Markov process, multilevel
control service time and a queue length dependent service delay discipline. According to this discipline, the server immediately starts the next service act if
the queue length is not less than r; in this case all available units, or R (capacity of the server) of them, whichever is less, are taken for service. Otherwise,
the server delays the service act until the number of units in the queue reaches
or exceeds level r.The authors establish a necessary and sufficient criterion for the
ergodicity of the embedded queueing process in terms of generating functions
of the entries of the corresponding transition probability matrix and of the
roots of a certain associated functions in the unit disc of the complex plane.
The stationary distribution of this process is found by means of the results of a
preliminary analysis of some auxiliary random processes which arise in the
“first passage problem” of the queueing process over level r. The stationary
distribution of the queueing process with continuous time parameter is
obtained by using semi‐regenerative techniques. The results enable the authors
to introduce and analyze some functionals of the input and output processes
via ergodic theorems. A number of different examples (including an optimization problem) illustrate the general methods developed in the article.
Differential inequalities for hysteresis systems
Authors: Chernorutskii Vladimir V. , Krasnosel′skii Mark A. 
Published: March 2007

The theory of differential inequalities is extended to functional‐differential
equations with hysteresis nonlinearities. A key feature is the existence of a semiorder of the state space of nonlinearity and a special monotonicity of the righthand side of differential inequality.This article is dedicated to the memory of Roland L. Dobrushin.
The failure rate in reliability: approximations and bounds
Authors: Cocozza-Thivent Christiane , Kalashnikov Vladimir 
Published: March 2007

We consider models typical to the area of reliability, and a failure rate function for processes describing the dynamics of these models. Various approximations of the failure rate function are proposed and their accuracies are investigated. The basic case studied in the paper is a regenerative model. Some interesting particular cases (Markov, semi‐Markov, etc.) are considered. All proposed
estimates are stated in a tractable analytic form.This article is dedicated to the memory of Roland L. Dobrushin.
Balls left empty by a critical branching Wiener process
Authors: Révész Pál 
Published: March 2007

At time t = 0 we have a Poisson random field on ℝd. Each particle executes
a critical branching Wiener process starting from its position at time t = 0. Let
RT be the radius of the largest ball around the origin of ℝd which does not
contain any particle at time T. Our goal is to characterize the properties of the
stochastic process {RT, T ≥ 0}.This article is dedicated to the memory of Professor Roland L. Dobrushin.
Phototransformation of three herbicides: chlorbufam, isoproturon, and chlorotoluron. Influence of irradiation on toxicity
Authors: Tixier C. , Meunier L. , Bonnemoy F. , Boule P. 
Published: March 2007

The direct phototransformations in aqueous solution of chlorbufam (I), chlorotoluron (II), and
isoproturon (III) are compared.With I and II photohydrolysis (substitution of chlorine atom with formation of the corresponding hydroxylated
derivative) is initially almost quantitative. It does not depend on irradiation wavelength in the range
250–300 nm. In contrast with III the main reaction is a free radical rearrangement, the reaction being more
efficient at 254nm than at wavelengths longer than 270 nm.Compounds II and III were also irradiated on sand in the absence of water. Several photoproducts were
identified, they result from elimination or oxidation of methyl groups of urea moiety.The toxicity of photoproducts was determined using the standard Microtox® test (toxicity on the bacterium
Vibrio fischeri). Photohydrolysis of I and II does not change much the toxicity of solutions whereas
the oxidation, or at a lower scale the elimination of methyl group on the urea moiety, dramatically increases
the toxicity.
Electron transfer reaction and demetalation of phthalocyanines
Authors: Kossanyi Jean , Chahraoui Driss 
Published: March 2007

An electron‐transfer reaction takes place in the ground state between phthalocyanines (as
electron‐donors) and pyrylium cations (as electron‐acceptors) in polar solvents, reaction which leads to the
phthalocyanine radical‐cations as evidenced by its absorption spectra identical to the one of the species
formed by electrochemical oxidation.The fluorescence emission of the phthalocyanines is quenched by electron‐acceptors (principally quinones).
The free energy change ΔGCT of the electron‐transfer reaction has been evaluated for each electron acceptor
with a solvation energy of 0.14 eV in the case of dimethylformamide and 1.2 eV in that of dichloromethane.
The rate constant of the quenching of the phthalocyanines singlet excited state by a series of electronacceptors
is found to be of the order of 1.2 − 1.5 × 1010L · mol-1s-1.Metalated phthalocyanines are demetalated in the dark by hydroxy‐anthraquinones with a rate constant
of the order of 10−2L · mol-1s-1 at 292K and which increases (up to 7 × 10−2L · mol-1s-1 at 349 K) with
temperature. The activation energy of the demetalation reaction has been determined to be ca 30 kJ · mol-1 for 1,4‐dihydroxyanthraquinone and 35 kJ · mol-1 for 1,2,4‐trihydroxyanthraquinone.
Fluorescence and photostability studies of anthracene‐9‐carboxylic acid in different media
Authors: Abdel-Mottaleb M. S. A. , Galal H. R. , Dessouky A. F. M. , El-Naggar M. , Mekkawi D. , Ali S. S. , Attya G. M. 
Published: March 2007

Electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra of anthracene‐9‐carboxylic acid (ANCA) were
studied in different homogeneous solvents, binary protic/aprotic solvent mixtures and in heterogeneous
solutions of the cationic cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle. Different chemical species of
ANCA were identified spectroscopically in different media. The results are discussed on the basis of a mechanism
that involves two equilibria: acid‐base equilibrium and monomer‐dimer equilibrium. These equilibria
were found to be very sensitive to the nature of the medium and the concentration of ANCA.Moreover, while it is photostable in most solvents studied, the ANCA was found to be photolabile in aqueous
media of different pHs. The acid‐base catalyzed photodegradation rate was studied by following up
absorption and/or fluorescence intensities as a function of illumination dose. The determined rate of the
photochemical degradation of ANCA depends on the nature of the medium. The first order degradation rate
constant is remarkably enhanced in heterogeneous medium of CTAB. As expected, the determined activation
energy is low (∼ 3.2 kJ. mol-1). This result favors photooxidation process. Anthraquinone was the main photodegradation
product obtained via9, 9′‐dicarboxylic head‐to‐head dimer of anthracene that was identified
by GC‐Mass technique.
Computer simulation of photoinduced molecular motion and reactivity
Authors: Garavelli Marco , Bernardi Fernando , Roob Michael A. , Olivucci Massimo 
Published: March 2007

The use of the computer to simulate light induced chemical processes has given access to
a detailed description of the molecular motion and mechanism underlying the reactivity of organic and
bio‐organic chromophores. Thus, different computational strategies and tools can now be operated like
“virtual spectrometers” to characterize the photoinduced molecular deformation and reactivity of a given
chromophore. Furthermore, a systematic computer investigation of a wide range of photochemical organic
reactions during the last decade, has lead to novel concepts that allow the chemist to formulate the mechanism
of a photochemical reaction in a rigorous way and with a language which is familiar to chemists.In this review we will revise some basic mechanistic concepts which have emerged in the novel field of
computational photochemistry. These comprise the concept of conical intersection funnels, photochemical
paths, path branching and selectivity. Recent work in the field of biological photoreceptors has demonstrated
that computational chemistry can be successfully applied to photobiological problems. Here we will revise the
results of the photoisomerization path mapping of the protonated Schiff base of retinal, the chromophore of
rhodopsin proteins. These studies have produced the “two‐state two‐mode model” which provides a description
of the photon‐induced molecular motion in the isolated retinal chromophore. Such model represents
a substantial revisionof the previous models for the primary event invisioninan imals and light driven
proton‐pumping in halobacteriae.
Direct phototransformation of aromatic pesticides in aqueous solution
Authors: Boule P. , Meunier L. , Bonnemoy F. , Boulkamh A. , Zertal A. , Lavedrine B. 
Published: March 2007

The photochemical behaviour of many aromatic pesticides (mainly herbicides) are compared and
the main reactions are separated in three different classes: 1‐ reactions involving carbon‐halogen bond; 2 ‐
other reactions involving the aromatic ring; 3 ‐ reactions of the aliphatic moiety. It appears that the nature of
the substituents and their relative positions on the ring play a major role in the orientation of the reaction. The
molecular and ionic forms of ionisable molecules may have different photochemical behaviour. A wavelength
effect is observed with some compounds. The case of mecoprop [2‐(4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxy)‐propanoic
acid] is presented as an example.The irradiation of herbicides in aqueous solution may lead to the formation of photochemical intermediates
more toxic to microorganisms than the initial substrate.
Photooxidation of sulfide, thiol, phenols, and cyclopentadiene by artificial light and solar light irradiation
Authors: Gerdes Robert , Bartels Oliver , Schneider Gerhard , Wöhrle Dieter , Schulz-Ekloff Günter 
Published: March 2007

The photooxidations of the toxic products sulfide, 2‐mercaptoethanol and phenols under partial
mineralisation in aqueous alkaline solution and the photooxidation of cyclopentadiene in ethanol in order to
produce fine chemicals is described. Because the employed photosensitizers such as metal phthalocyanines,
a tetraphenylporphyrine, rose bengal or methylene blue absorb in the visible region of light, an inexpensive
slide projector was used under laboratory conditions.Experiments under solar radiation were carried out by concentrating the solar light with a reflective satellite
bowl. The oxygen consumption over time is measured with a gas burette. The formation of singlet oxygen
by energy transfer from the excited photosensitizer followed by oxidation of the substrates is responsible
for the photoinduced oxidations. The applicability of the experimental conditions described here for other
visible and solar light driven oxidation reactions is obvious.
Characterization of large area flexible plastic solar cells based on conjugated polymer/fullerene composites
Authors: Gebeyehu Desta , Padinger F. , Brabec C. J. , Fromherz T. , Hummelen J. C. , Sariciftci N. S. 
Published: March 2007

The development of solar cells based on composites of organic conjugated semi‐conducting
polymers with fullerene derivatives can provide a new method in the exploitation of solar energy. Organic
solar cells must fulfill the criteria of stability, efficiency and reduction of production costs to find new
applications. Specially, the bulk donor‐acceptor heterojunctions between conjugated polymers and fullerenes
have been successfully utilized for photovoltaic devices with high carrier collection efficiency compared
to the devices made from single components. In this work we present measurements of the photovoltaic
response of bulk donor‐acceptor heterojunction between the conjugated polymer (as a donor, D) poly(3‐
octylthiophene), P3OT and fullerenes, (as acceptor, A), deposited between indium tin oxide and aluminum
electrodes. These devices are based on ultrafast, reversible, metastable photoinduced electron transfer and
charge separation.The quality and homogeneity of composite films as well as the choice of the substrates strongly influence
the efficiency of the solar cells. One of the most important limiting factors in the performance of
this present types of molecular solar cells based on interpenetrating networks of conjugated polymers and
fullerene derivatives is the charge carrier transport in the active layer. This transport is driven by the electrical
field provided externally by the top and bottom electrodes with different work functions. We present here
efficiency and stability studies on large area (6 cm × 6 cm) flexible plastic solar cells with monochromatic
energy conversion efficiency ηe about 1.4% and carrier collection efficiency nearly 20%.
Recombination mechanisms in crystalline silicon: bulk and surface contributions
Authors: Susi Enrichetta 
Published: March 2007

In the present paper the most interesting results of a work on the influence of some processes
used in the fabrication of microstructures on the bulk and surface electrical activity of the Si substrate are
reported. In these studies the minority carrier lifetime and the surface recombination velocity were used as
sensors of the Si electrical activity changes. Other electrical (DLTS, C-V and I-V characteristics, EBIC) and
structural (X‐ray double crystal diffractometry, IR spectroscopy) techniques were used to gather information
about the nature and concentration of the defects induced by processing.Two processes have been investigated: Rapid Thermal Annealing treatments (RTA), and Reactive Ion Etching
(RIE): neither of them have a large influence on the minority carrier diffusion length when the substrate is
an high quality Si wafer of the last production. On the contrary, the surface recombination velocity is largely
influenced by both processes. The rearrangement of the surface structure and the formation and growth of
hillocks is proposed as the more important mechanism responsible of the observed changes in the surface
electrical activity.
Robustness of the sample correlation - the bivariate lognormal case
Authors: Lai C. D. , Rayner J. C. W. , Hutchinson T. P. 
Published: March 2007

The sample correlation coefficient R is almost universally used to estimate the
population correlation coefficient ρ. If the pair (X,Y)
has a bivariate normal distribution, this
would not cause any trouble. However, if the marginals are nonnormal, particularly if they
have high skewness and kurtosis, the estimated value from a sample may be quite different from
the population correlation coefficient ρ.The bivariate lognormal is chosen as our case study for this robustness study. Two approaches
are used: (i) by simulation and (ii) numerical computations.Our simulation analysis indicates that for the bivariate lognormal, the bias in estimating ρ can
be very large if ρ≠0, and it can be substantially reduced only after a large number (three to four
million) of observations. This phenomenon, though unexpected at first, was found to be
consistent to our findings by our numerical analysis.
Exploring multivariate clinical chemical routine data concerning three major disease groups
Authors: Hemel Jan B. , van der Voet Hilko , Hendriks Rolf , Hindriks Frans R. , van der Slik Willem 
Published: March 2007

In preparation for multivariate analysis, an exploratory study has been undertaken to investigate the relative position, separability, homogeneity and shape of three major disease groups, using data from a clinical chemical routine package.The data set consists of 46 hepatology patients, 50 nephrology patients and 46 cardiology patients, and the measured blood levels include 20 common clinical chemical routine assays. Missing value problems were avoided by deleting some of the variables and objects.A univariate analysis was used as the basis ofa rescaling of the data.Bivariate (pairwise) plots of some major assays each show limited separation. The set of three such plots of the three major principal components reveals more distinction between the groups than was offered by univariate analysis. Three‐dimensional extensions of these techniques allow better insight than any of the two‐dimensional plots, but these three‐dimensional versions require more plots for complete interpretation.Non‐linear mapping of the data is the best way of retaining the distances and a fairly good separation is achieved in the plot. The plot is less informative about shape and relative position of the classes.Representation of the data as pictures of faces does not offer additional information and visual clustering is worse than in any of the techniques mentioned.During the analysis many assumed properties of the data are confirmed and a good starting pointfor multivariate classification is attained. Easy visual detection of outliers is offered by all techniques. Unfortunately, valuable information is lost in this data set by deleting some incomplete variables.
A computer‐controlled potentiometric/spectrophotometric titrator
Authors: Stong John D. 
Published: March 2007

A laboratory computer controlled potentiometric titrator interfaced to a diode array spectrophotometer is described. The titrator consists of widely used, commercially available components; therefore, major attention is given to modes of interconnection and software implementation in data format and system control. Replicate potentiometric titrations of glycines gave a relative standard deviation in titre of 1.035% and a relative standard deviation in pH of 0.745%. Replicate spectrophotometric titrations of bromophenol blue were analysed at three wavelengths to yield pKa= 3.898 ± 0.075 (1.9% rsd).Methods of data presentation and manipulation are presented.