bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of phosphatidylcholine in rat liver tissue by nanoflow liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ahn Eun Jeong , Kim Hanna , Chung Bong Chul , Moon Myeong Hee 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA quantitative method was developed for the determination of phosphatidylcholine (PC) species concentration using nanoflow LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. In this study, a calibration method is developed to determine the effect of PC carbon chain length on MS peak intensity. Using the multiple standard addition method, a relationship between the peak intensities of different PC species from nanoflow LC‐MS and carbon chain length is established first using different injection amounts of PC standards. From this relationship, a calibration curve for each carbon chain length can be obtained for the concentration calculation. It was found that the MS peak area of PC species analyzed by nanoflow LC‐MS linearly decreased with increased acyl carbon numbers, and that the effect of the degree of acyl chain unsaturation on MS peak intensity was minimized when the injection amount was maintained at less than 1 pmol. The method was applied for the quantitative calculation of 34 PC species from rat liver, which were identified from data‐dependent MS/MS analysis during nanoflow LC separation.
Confirmation and determination of carboxylic acids in root exudates using LC–ESI‐MS
Authors: Chen Zuliang , Jin Xiaoyin , Wang Qinqping , Lin Yuman , Gan Li , Tang Caixing 
Published: August 2007

AbstractReversed‐phase liquid chromatography with UV detection is of limited applicability in the separation and identification of carboxylic acids because of the column's poor separation efficiency and the non‐selective nature of the UV detector. To address this issue, RP‐LC with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been explored for the confirmation and determination of carboxylic acids in plant root exudates, with ESI‐MS providing structural information, high selectivity, and high sensitivity. The separation of 10 carboxylic acids (pyruvic, lactic, malonic, maleic, fumaric, succinic, malic, tartaric, trans‐aconitic, and citric acid) was performed on a C18 column using an eluent containing 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid within 10 min, where the acidic eluent not only suppressed the ionization of the carboxylic acids to be retained on the column, but was also compatible with ESI‐MS detection. In addition, an additional standard was used to overcome the matrix effect. The results showed that peak areas correlated linearly with the concentration of carboxylic acids over the range 0.05–10 mg/L. The detection limits of target acids (signal‐to‐noise S/N ratio of 3) ranged from 20 to 30 μg/L. Finally, the proposed method was used for the confirmation and determination of low‐molecular‐weight carboxylic acids in plant root exudates, and provided a simple analytical procedure, including sample processing, fast separation, and high specificity and sensitivity.
Application of three‐dimensional digitalized reconstruction of an anterolateral thigh flap and an arterial dorsalis pedis flap
Authors: Zhang Yuan‐Zhi , Li Yan‐Bing , Tang Mao‐Lin , Xie Le , Geddes Christopher R. , Zhong Shi‐Zhen , Pei Guo‐Xian 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDevelopments in the field of digitalized technique and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction methods allowed a precise description of anatomy structures. With the development of Visible Human Project (1989) and Virtual Chinese Human (VCH) techniques, we could get more precise anatomic images. Digitized visible models of these structures can be a useful tool in clinical training. Combining modern radiology and VCH techniques, we designed a method to establish digitized visible models of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap and arteria dorsalis pedis (ADP) flap from adult fresh cadaver specimens perfused with lead oxide‐gelatine mixture and VCH Male III dataset. The 3D reconstructed visible models established from these datasets perfectly displayed the anatomic structures of ALT flap and ADP flap. This is the first report on the ACFL and ADP structures which were reconstructed digitally. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
The superficial inferior epigastric artery fascia flap in the rabbit
Authors: Giessler Goetz A. , Friedrich Patricia F. , Shin Richard H. , Bishop Allen T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn reconstructive surgery, fascial flaps provide thin, pliable tissue for mucosal closure or serve as a highly vascularized support for skin grafts. Their angiogenic potential is used for experimental neovascularization of avascular tissue grafts. However, most fascial flaps in animal surgery have random pattern design with short reach. As a pilot study for a femur revascularization project in rabbits, a new axial fascial flap is described based on the superficial inferior epigastric (SIE) vessels. They were used in this species previously only as ligated bundles or in fasciocutaneous flaps. The topographical anatomy of the SIE‐vessels, lower abdominal fascia, and panniculus carnosus are outlined. The angiogenic capabilities are demonstrated microangiographically by abundant vessel formation in a femur allograft. Used in a pedicled fashion, this flap is an alternative to femoral and saphenous vessels for prefabrication or revascularization procedures in the lower abdomen, genital area, and thigh. Distant recipient sites seem possible with microsurgical transfer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Variational formulations for scattering in a three‐dimensional acoustic waveguide
Authors: Arens Tilo , Gintides Drossos , Lechleiter Armin 
Published: August 2007

AbstractVariational formulations for direct time‐harmonic scattering problems in a three‐dimensional waveguide are formulated and analyzed. We prove that the operators defined by the corresponding forms satisfy a Gårding inequality in adequately chosen spaces of test and trial functions and depend analytically on the wavenumber except at the modal numbers of the waveguide. It is also shown that these operators are strictly coercive if the wavenumber is small enough. It follows that these scattering problems are uniquely solvable except possibly for an infinite series of exceptional values of the wavenumber with no finite accumulation point. Furthermore, two geometric conditions for an obstacle are given, under which uniqueness of solution always holds in the case of a Dirichlet problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the multilevel preconditioning of Crouzeix–Raviart elliptic problems
Authors: Kraus J. , Margenov S. , Synka J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe consider robust hierarchical splittings of finite element spaces related to non‐conforming discretizations using Crouzeix–Raviart type elements. As is well known, this is the key to the construction of efficient two‐ and multilevel preconditioners.The main contribution of this paper is a theoretical and an experimental comparison of three such splittings. Our starting point is the standard method based on differences and aggregates (DA) as introduced in Blaheta et al. (Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 2004; 11:309–326). On this basis we propose a more general (GDA) splitting, which can be viewed as the solution of a constraint optimization problem (based on certain symmetry assumptions). We further consider the locally optimal (ODA) splitting, which is shown to be equivalent to the first reduce (FR) method from Blaheta et al. (Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 2004; 11:309–326). This means that both, the ODA and the FR splitting, generate the same subspaces, and thus the local constant in the strengthened Cauchy–Bunyakowski–Schwarz inequality is minimal for the FR (respectively ODA) splitting. Moreover, since the DA splitting corresponds to a particular choice in the parameter space of the GDA splitting, which itself is an element in the set of all splittings for which the ODA (or equivalently FR) splitting yields the optimum, we conclude that the chain of inequalities γ⩽γ⩽γ⩽3/4 holds independently of mesh and/or coefficient anisotropy. Apart from the theoretical considerations, the presented numerical results provide a basis for a comparison of these three approaches from a practical point of view. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dental pathology and diet at Apollonia, a Greek colony on the Black Sea
Authors: Keenleyside A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDental pathology has the potential to provide insight into the composition of the diet and to reveal dietary differences based on age, sex and social status. Human skeletal remains from the Greek colonial site of Apollonia (5th to 2nd centuries BC) on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria were analysed for various forms of dental pathology in order to: assess the prevalence of dental disease in the population; compare the dental pathology data from Apollonia with dietary data derived from ancient literary texts and from previous stable isotopic analysis of the colonists' remains; explore variations in dental disease with respect to age and sex; and compare the prevalence of dental pathology in the Apollonians with that of other Greek populations. The composition of the diet, as indicated by the dental pathology data, is consistent with the stable isotopic evidence from Apollonia and with the ancient literary texts, both of which indicate the consumption of a relatively soft, high carbohydrate diet. The higher frequency of dental caries, abscesses, calculus, and antemortem tooth loss in older adults compared with younger ones reflects the age‐progressive nature of these conditions. The lack of significant sex differences in caries, abscesses, calculus and tooth loss corresponds with the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic data derived from bone collagen, which indicate no significant sex differences in the consumption of dietary protein. In contrast, these findings conflict with the ancient literary texts, which refer to distinct dietary differences between males and females, and with the stable carbon isotopic values derived from bone carbonate, which indicate sex differences with respect to the overall diet. Despite the lack of marked sex differences in dental pathology, overall trends point to subtle dietary differences between males and females. A greater degree of tooth wear in males also hints at possible sex differences in the use of the teeth as tools. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructure and properties of sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone copolymers as proton exchange fuel cell membranes
Authors: Yoonessi Mitra , Bai Zongwu , Dang Thuy D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA systematic investigation of properties and nanostructure of sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone (SPTES) copolymer proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications has been presented. SPTES copolymers are high temperature resistant (250 °C), and form tough films with excellent proton conductivity up to 170 ± 5 mS/cm (SPTES 70 @ 85 °C, 85%RH). Small angle X‐ray scattering of hydrated SPTES 70 revealed the presence of local water domains (diameter ∼5 nm) within the copolymer. The high proton conductivity of the membranes is attributed to the formation of these ionic aggregates containing water molecules, which facilitate proton transfer. AFM studies of SPTES 70 as a function of humidity (25–65%RH) showed an increase in hydrophilic domains with increasing humidity at 22 °C. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2813–2822, 2007
Quantitative comparison of functional MRI and direct electrocortical stimulation for functional mapping
Authors: Larsen S. , Kikinis R. , Talos I.‐F. , Weinstein D. , Wells W. , Golby A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundMapping functional areas of the brain is important for planning tumour resections. With the increased use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for presurgical planning, there is a need to validate that fMRI activation mapping is consistent with the mapping obtained during surgery using direct electrocortical stimulation (DECS).MethodsA quantitative comparison of DECS and fMRI mapping techniques was performed, using a patient‐specific conductivity model to find the current distribution resulting from each stimulation site. The resulting DECS stimulation map was compared to the fMRI activation map, using the maximal Dice similarity coefficient (MDSC).ResultsOur results show some agreement between these two mapping techniques—the stimulation site with the largest MOSC was the only site that demonstrated intra‐operative effect.ConclusionsThere is a substantial effort to improve the techniques used to map functional areas, particularly using fMRI. It seems likely that fMRI will eventually provide a valid non‐invasive means for functional mapping. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The MesoHABSIM model revisited
Authors: Parasiewicz Piotr 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe MesoHABSIM simulation model was developed in 2000 as an enhancement of the habitat descriptions used in the physical habitat simulation model (PHABSIM). MesoHABSIM integrates system‐scale assessment of ecological integrity in flowing waters with quantitative information on physical habitat distribution to simulate habitat changes at the watershed scale. The goal was better integration of physical habitat models into river management by ‘upscaling’ to address issues relevant at management levels. This paper describes the most updated version of the MesoHABSIM approach resulting from the experience gained during the application of the model in projects since 2000. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dose–cohort designs in cancer phase I trials
Authors: Huang Bo , Chappell Rick 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTraditional designs for phase I clinical trials assign the same dose to patients in the same cohort. In this paper, we present a new class of designs for cancer phase I trials which initially rapidly escalate by allowing multiple doses (usually 3) to be assigned to each cohort of patients. The class of designs, called the LMH‐CRM (an extension of the continual reassessment method (CRM) by administering different percentiles of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), denoted ‘low’, ‘medium’, ‘high’), is proven to be consistent and coherent (a commonsense property of phase I trials for dose escalation and de‐escalation). Three designs (slow, moderate and fast) are derived based on different dose‐escalation restrictions. Simulation results show that moderate and fast LMH‐CRM combine the advantages of the CRM with one patient per cohort and three patients per cohort: it accurately estimates the MTD; controls overall toxicity rates; and is time efficient. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in the non‐communicating horn of a unicornuate uterus (cornual pregnancy)
Authors: Mavrelos D. , Sawyer E. , Helmy S. , Holland T. K. , Ben‐Nagi J. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo prospectively evaluate ultrasound criteria for the diagnosis of pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus (cornual pregnancy).MethodsThis was a prospective observational study over a period of 90 months in a tertiary referral center in a London teaching hospital. A diagnosis of cornual pregnancy was made when all the following ultrasound criteria were met: (1) a single interstitial portion of Fallopian tube in the main uterine body; (2) a gestational sac, mobile and separate from the uterus, surrounded by myometrium; and (3) a vascular pedicle joining the gestational sac to the unicornuate uterus. In cases where the ultrasound criteria were met the pregnancy was followed up and the final outcome was recorded, including operative and histological findings.ResultsOver the study period eight cases of cornual pregnancy were diagnosed. Six women had a single case of cornual pregnancy. One woman was managed expectantly in her first cornual pregnancy and subsequently suffered a recurrence. Surgical management varied depending on viability of the pregnancy and gestational age at presentation. In all the women who underwent surgery the diagnosis was eventually confirmed at operation and on histological examination. During the study period there were no false positive or false negative results in our unit using the above criteria.ConclusionThe proposed ultrasound criteria appear accurate and may be applied in clinical practice to facilitate preoperative diagnosis of cornual ectopic pregnancy. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrothermal synthesis of amorphous MoS2nanofiber bundles via acidification of ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate
Authors: Nagaraju G , Tharamani CN , Chandrappa GT , Livage J 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
MoS2nanofiber bundles have been prepared by hydrothermal method using ammonium molybdate with sulfur source in acidic medium and maintained at 180 °C for several hours. The obtained black crystalline products are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PXRD pattern of the sample can be readily indexed as hexagonal 2H-MoS2. FTIR spectrum of the MoS2shows the band at 480 cm−1corresponds to the γas(Mo-S). SEM/TEM images of the samples exhibit that the MoS2nanofiber exist in bundles of 120–300 nm in diameter and 20–25 μm in length. The effects of temperature, duration and other experimental parameters on the morphology of the products are investigated.
Synthesis of Palm Oil‐Based Diethanolamides
Authors: Lee C. S. , Ooi T. L. , Chuah C. H. , Ahmad S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this work, Epoxidized Palm Olein (EPOo) was blended with Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Kernel Olein (RBDPKOo) in a range of 10–100% (w/w) to react with diethanolamine (DEA) with a 1:3 molar ratio to produce diethanolamides that retained some epoxides. The epoxidized diethanolamides are proposed as a new type of vegetable oil derived polyols for rigid polyurethane. The optimal reaction temperature is 110 °C for 5 h. In addition, the optimal amount of starting materials were determined to be 40% (w/w) of EPOo blended with 60% (w/w) of RBDPKOo. The diethanolamides appeared as non‐viscous liquid at room temperature with a viscosity of 990.08 cP at 25 °C and 427.09 cP at 40 °C, a cloud point of 21 °C, a pour point of 12 °C and 0.78% of retained oxirane oxygen contents (OOC). The hydroxyl and the amine values of the diethanolamides were determined as 351.85 mg KOH/g sample and 4.5 mg KOH/g sample, respectively. In addition, chemical elucidation of the diethanolamides with functional epoxides was carried out using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) for the purpose of process development and quality control.
Beware of ulnar nerve entrapment in flexion-type supracondylar humerus fractures
Authors: Steinman Suzanne , Bastrom Tracey P. , Newton Peter O. , Mubarak Scott J. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose A recent study reported a higher incidence of pre-operative ulnar nerve symptoms in patients with flexion-type supracondylar fractures than in those with the more common extension supracondylar fractures and a greater need for open reduction (Kocher in POSNA paper #49 2006). We have encountered a specific pattern of flexion supracondylar fractures that often require open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) due to entrapment of the ulnar nerve within the fracture. Methods Medical records and X-rays from 1997 to 2005 at our children's hospital were examined to identify flexion supracondylar fractures that required open reduction. The operative reports were reviewed to identify cases that had the ulnar nerve blocking the reduction. Results During the 8 years examined, 1,650 supracondylar fractures had been treated by means of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Of these, only 1.8% or 30 cases could not be reduced closed and required open reduction internal fixation, excluding 11 open fractures. Of the 30 fractures requiring open reduction internal fixation, 24 were of the extension type needing ORIF because of interposed periosteum/muscle. The other 6 patients had flexion-type supracondylar fractures that failed closed reduction. All had a persistent medial gap at the fracture site. All 6 fractures had interposed periosteum or muscle, while in 3 cases the ulnar nerve was also entrapped within the fracture site (Figs. 1 , 2 ) Conclusion Flexion-type supracondylar fractures remain a relatively uncommon variant (2–3%) of supracondylar fractures. Recent reports have noted that open treatment of these fractures is required more frequently than for extension fractures. In our series, 20% of the open cases were flexion-type fractures and in half of these the ulnar nerve was found to be entrapped in the fracture, preventing reduction.
Soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities in patients of pediatric age
Authors: Casanova Michela , Meazza Cristina , Gronchi Alessandro , Fiore Marco , Zaffignani Elena , Podda Marta , Collini Paola , Gandola Lorenza , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: August 2007

Purpose The extremity site is a peculiar location for soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) of children and adolescents. Here we report the experience of the Pediatric Oncology Unit of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, Italy, concerning 204 patients with STS of the limbs treated between 1977 and 2006. Methods The study series included 52 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)(65% of which were of the alveolar subtype), nine with extraosseous Ewing sarcoma and 143 with non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue sarcomas (NRSTS), 38% of which were synovial sarcoma. Patients were treated with a multimodality approach including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Results For the RMS patients, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was 37.1%, with distant metastases being the main cause of treatment failure. The outcome was particularly poor for patients with large invasive tumors, hand/foot involvement and/or nodal or distant metastases, and for patients who were not given radiotherapy. For the extraosseous Ewing sarcoma cases, 5-year EFS was 74%. For the NRSTS cases, the 5-year EFS was 72.6%: tumor size and local invasiveness, tumor grade, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) histology, and distant metastases were the main prognostic factors. Discussion While the limbs are the most common sites of NRSTS and are often characterized by a more favorable prognosis than for axial tumors, the clinical features of extremity RMS often differ from those of RMS of other sites, with a higher incidence of unfavorable prognostic factors (e.g., alveolar subtype) and consequently unsatisfactory treatment results. The treatment of these patients is complex and necessarily multidisciplinary, and it demands not only adequate experience of treating children and adolescents in clinical trials, but also particular skills in the field of orthopedic surgery.
The association between television‐viewing behaviors and adolescent dating role attitudes and behaviors
Authors: Rivadeneyra Rocío , Lebo Melanie J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwo hundred and fifteen ninth grade students were surveyed to examine the relationship between television use and gender role attitudes and behavior in dating situations. Findings indicate the existence of a relationship between watching “romantic” television programming and having more traditional gender role attitudes in dating situations. However, watching non‐romantic television dramas and thinking television was realistic, was related to having less traditional dating role attitudes. In addition, watching soap operas was related to a younger age of dating initiation and a greater number of dating partners. These results suggest that along with their own experiences in dating peers, adolescents may be learning from television programs that dating is a gendered process with prescribed roles for males and females, an attitude connected with greater sexual risk for young women.