bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sunitinib‐induced macrocytosis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rini Brian I. , Choueiri Toni K. , Elson Paul , Khasawneh Mohamad K. , Cotta Claudiu , Unnithan Jaya , Wood Laura , Mekhail Tarek , Garcia Jorge , Dreicer Robert , Bukowski Ronald M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Sunitinib and sorafenib are small molecules that inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor and related receptors with substantial clinical activity reported in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Cytopenia and macrocytosis have been described in patients treated with these agents.METHODS.A retrospective review of all patients with metastatic RCC who were treated with sunitinib or sorafenib for at least 3 months at the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute was undertaken. Complete blood count (CBC) data including red blood cell indices were recorded at baseline, after 3 months of therapy, and at the end of treatment.RESULTS.A total of 61 patients were treated with sunitinib and 37 patients were treated with sorafenib with available CBC data. In patients treated with sunitinib, the median corpuscular volume (MCV) increased significantly at 3 months compared with baseline (median increase of 5.1 femtoliters [fL]; P < .001) and continued to increase throughout treatment. Patients who developed hypothyroidism had a larger MCV increase at 3 months than patients who remained euthyroid (P = .06), although macrocytosis was observed in patients without hypothyroidism. Ten patients discontinued sunitinib therapy, and the MCV decreased in all patients within 2 to 4 months, without further intervention. Bone marrow analysis of 4 patients revealed a hypocellular bone marrow with trilineage hematopoiesis and no evidence of metastasis. There was no evidence of folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. In contrast to sunitinib, there was no change in the MCV for patients treated with sorafenib.CONCLUSIONS.Macrocytosis was a common occurrence after treatment with sunitinib but not sorafenib in patients with metastatic RCC. Sunitinib‐induced macrocytosis is reversible with drug discontinuation. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
An algebraic multigrid method for isotropic linear elasticity problems on anisotropic meshes
Authors: Xiao Yingxiong , Shu Shi , Zhang Ping , Tan Min 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAnisotropic meshes are frequently used in many practical problems in order to provide a good resolution of the solutions on the structured mesh and thus to assure the accuracy of the discretization. However, the attributes of anisotropic meshes may have a serious effect on the convergence of linear algebraic solvers. In this paper, we focus mainly on studying the effect of the anisotropic quadrilateral meshes in two dimensions and the anisotropic hexahedral meshes in three dimensions on algebraic multigrid (AMG) solvers. We find that the commonly used AMG methods are less efficient for some locally strong anisotropic meshes. A modified algorithm of coarse grid selection to obtain a more efficient AMG method is then proposed based on the geometric grid information as nodal coordinates. The results of various numerical experiments in linear elasticity are presented. It is shown from the numerical results that the constructed AMG method is robust and efficient not only for meshes containing thin and stretched elements but also for other meshes with locally strong anisotropy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variational iteration method for modified Camassa–Holm and Degasperis–Procesi equations
Authors: Yıldırım Ahmet 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper, He's variational iteration method (VIM) is employed successfully for solving modified Camassa–Holm and Degasperis–Procesi equations. In this method, the solution is calculated in the form of a convergent series with an easily computable component. This approach does not need linearization, weak nonlinearity assumptions or the perturbation theory. The results show applicability, accuracy and efficiency of VIM in solving nonlinear differential equations with fully nonlinear dispersion term. It is predicted that VIM can be widely applied in science and engineering problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale resolution of shortwave‐longwave interaction
Authors: Stucchio Chris , Soffer Avy 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the study of time‐dependent waves, it is computationally expensive to solve a problem in which high frequencies (shortwaves, with wavenumber k = kmax) and low frequencies (longwaves, near k = kmin) mix. Consider a problem in which low frequencies scatter off a sharp impurity. The impurity generates high frequencies that propagate and spread throughout the computational domain, while the domain must be large enough to contain several longwaves. Conventional spectral methods have a computational cost that is proportional to O(kmax/kmin log(kmax/kmin)).We present here a multiscale algorithm (implemented for the Schrödinger equation but generally applicable) that solves the problem with cost (in space and time) O(kmaxL log(kmax/kmin) log(kmaxL)). Here, L is the width of the region in which the algorithm resolves all frequencies and is independent of kmin. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation of clinical electrophysiology in 3D human atria: a high‐performance computing and high‐performance visualization application
Authors: Kharche Sanjay , Seemann Gunnar , Margetts Lee , Leng Joanna , Holden Arun V. , Zhang Henggui 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac disease of genuine clinical concern with high rates of morbidity, leading to major personal and National Health Service costs. Computer modelling of AF using biophysically detailed cellular models with realistic 3D anatomical geometry allows investigation of the underlying ionic mechanisms in far more detail than with experimental physiology. We have developed a 3D virtual human atrium that combines detailed cellular electrophysiology including ion channel kinetics and homeostasis of ionic concentrations with anatomical details. The segmented anatomical structure and the multivariable nature of the system make the 3D simulations of AF computationally large and intensive. Computational demands are such that a full problem‐solving environment requires access to resources of high‐performance computing (HPC), high‐performance visualization (HPV), remote data repositories and backend infrastructure. This is a classic example of eScience and Grid‐enabled computing. This study was carried out using multiple processor shared memory systems and massively parallel distributed memory systems. With the envisaged increase in anatomical and molecular detail in our cardiac models the requirement for HPC resources is predicted to increase many fold (∼ 1–10 teraflops). Distributed computing is essential, both through massively parallel systems (a single supercomputer) and multiple parallel systems made accessible through the Grid. Analysis and interpretation of results are enhanced by HPV, which in itself is a large data computing aspect of cardiac modelling. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Biological towards Artificial Molecular Motors
Authors: Mickler Moritz , Schleiff Enrico , Hugel Thorsten 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNovel single‐molecule techniques allow the observation of single‐molecular motors in real time under physiological conditions. This enables one to gain previously inaccessible information about the mechanics of molecular motors, especially their mechano‐chemical coupling. As an example, we discuss the DNA import motor of the bacteriophage ϕ29 and protein import into chloroplasts. In contrast to these highly developed biological molecular motors, artificial molecular motors are still at an early stage of development. Nevertheless, they already give a wealth of information. Our review focuses on how the investigation of artificial and biological molecular motors can mutually enrich each other.
Computational Study on the Antifreeze Glycoproteins as Inhibitors of Clathrate‐Hydrate Formation
Authors: Cruz‐Torres Armando , Romero‐Martínez Ascención , Galano Annia 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe ability of antifreeze glycoproteins to inhibit clathrate‐hydrate formation is studied using DFT. A 512 cavity, dodecahedral (H2O)20, and the AATA peptide are used to model the inhibitor–clathrate interaction. The presence of AATA in the vicinity of the water cavities not only leads to the formation of complexes, with different peptide/cavity ratios, but also to the deformation of the cavity and to the elongation of several of the hydrogen bonds responsible for keeping the dodecahedral (H2O)20 together. The complexes are formed through hydrogen bonding between the peptides and the water cavities. The glycoproteins are expected to anchor onto the clathrate surface, blocking the access of new water molecules and preventing the incipient crystals from growing. They are also expected to weaken the clathrate structure. Amide IR bands are associated with the complexes’ formation. They are significantly red‐shifted in the hydrogen‐bonded systems compared to isolated AATA. The amide A band is the most sensitive to hydrogen bonding. In addition a distinctive band around 3100 cm−1 is proposed for the identification of clathrate–peptide hydrogen‐bonded complexes.
Influence of a polyacrylate antiscalant on gypsum nucleation and growth
Authors: Ben Ahmed S. , Tlili M. M. , Ben Amor M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCalcium sulphate dihydrate (gypsum) crystallization was studied under conditions, of supersaturation and temperature, simulating a brackish water desalination unit using solar energy. The effect of an commercial sodium salt of poly(acrylic acid), based compound known as RPI, on homogeneous nucleation and growth of gypsum was also examined. Gypsum was precipitated by mixing aqueous CaCl2 and Na2SO4 solutions. It was found that, with increasing temperature or supersaturation, the induction time decreases and the growth rate increases. By using classical nucleation theory, the interfacial tension and the nucleation rate values were estimated. It was shown that the interfacial tension is temperature dependent. The addition of increasing quantities of RPI, in the same conditions of temperature and supersaturation, prolongs the induction time, decreases the nucleation rate and increases the interfacial tension. The addition mode of RPI (in calcium or in sulphate solution) was found as an important parameter in controlling the inhibition process of gypsum crystallization. XRD and SEM analysis showed that RPI antiscalant strongly affected the texture and the morphology of the deposit gypsum. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation of multiphased mixed crystals from miscible NaBr, KBr and KCl
Authors: Priya M. , Mahadevan C. K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMultiphased ternary and quaternary mixed crystals were grown by the melt method, for the first time, using the miscible alkali halides, viz. NaBr, KBr and KCl. X‐ray powder diffraction measurements indicate the existence of multiple phases. Density and refractive index were measured and the composition was determined. The metal atom contents determined through flame photometric measurements confirm the estimated composition of the crystals grown. The present study indicates the possibility of preparing multiphased ternary and quaternary mixed alkali halide crystals using the miscible NaBr, KBr and KCl as the starting materials. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, characterization of an unusual crystalline material with tartrate
Authors: Gu Yongbing , Yang Minghua 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn exploration of the cobalt‐tartrate system under hydrothermal conditions, has led to the isolation of crystalline framework {Co2(H2tar)2]·2H2O}n (1) (H2tar = tartrate dianion). Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses reveal that it crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P21212. a = 11.0924(11) Å, b = 7.8517(8) Å, c = 9.0171(9) Å, β = 90°. A dinuclear CoII unit is formed via two different coordinated tartrate molecules. Further these units are united together through two bridging carboxylate groups of hexa‐coordinated H2tar ligands to form a 2D grid layer, which exhibits a typical (6,3) topological network. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
KOC (K homology domain containing protein Overexpressed in Cancer) and S100A4‐protein immunoreactivity improves the diagnostic sensitivity of biliary brushing cytology for diagnosing pancreaticobiliary malignancies
Authors: Ligato Saverio , Zhao Huicong , Mandich Daniza , Cartun Richard W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBiliary tract brush cytology is one of the favored methods of evaluating lesions of the pancreatobiliary tract. However, although its specificity has been reported to be high (91–100%), the sensitivity is lower (30–88%). In this study we applied KOC and S100A4 protein immunocytochemistry to assess their potential use as adjunct markers in differentiating benign from malignant cells, and improve the diagnostic sensitivity of this method for pancreatobiliary malignancies.The authors examined KOC and S100A4 protein expression in 44 alcohol‐fixed cytology specimens obtained by biliary brushings. Diagnoses included: (1) benign/atypical favor reactive (20 cases), (2) atypical/not diagnostic of malignancy (3 cases), and (3) suspicious for malignancy/malignant (21 cases). Alcohol‐fixed Papanicolaou‐stained slides (PAP) were stained with monoclonal antibody to KOC/L523S and polyclonal antibody to S100A4 protein. Results were recorded as negative or positive.Twenty‐four cases were confirmed positive for adenocarcinoma and 20 cases were negative. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology was 83 and 95%, KOC showed a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 95%. S100A4 protein showed a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 95%. The combined use of KOC and S100A4 protein showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95%, respectively.The concurrent use of KOC and S100A4 protein improves the diagnostic sensitivity of biliary brushings cytology and demonstrates similar specificity as cytology alone in the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008; 36: 561–567. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of primary osteosarcoma of the thyroid: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Tong Guo‐Xia , Hamele‐Bena Diane , Liu Jeffrey C. , Horst Basil , Remotti Fabrizio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPrimary osteosarcoma of the thyroid is an extremely rare tumor, with only 27 well‐documented cases reported in the literature, including only one in the cytology literature. We describe here an additional case with fine‐needle aspiration biopsy findings. A 60‐year‐old woman presented with a 1‐month history of progressive midline neck swelling. CT and ultrasound demonstrated a large thyroid mass with tracheal compression. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsies were performed and showed pleomorphic spindle and epithelioid neoplastic cells, multinucleated giant cells, and scant metachromatic extracellular matrix material. Cell block sections contained minute tissue fragments with neoplastic spindle cells. Immunohistochemical stains showed the tumor cells to be positive for vimentin and negative for cytokeratins, TTF‐1, calcitonin, synatophysin, chromogranin, and S‐100 protein, suggesting a sarcoma; however, the differential diagnosis also included anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Tissue biopsy revealed a high‐grade spindle cell neoplasm with osteoid production, consistent with osteosarcoma of the thyroid. The patient developed a large pulmonary embolus and superior vena cava syndrome and no further surgical intervention was performed. She died 5 weeks after the initial diagnosis. Upon retrospective review, the cytologic features resemble osteosarcoma in other areas. Although cytologic features on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy may suggest a diagnosis of this rare entity, definitive diagnosis should be deferred to histologic examination. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008; 36: 589–594. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HBME‐1 and CK19 are highly discriminatory in the cytological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Nga Min‐En , Lim Gkeok Stzuan , Soh Chai Hong , Kumarasinghe Marian Priyanthi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe cytologic diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma is straightforward in most instances. However, there are some mimics including goitrous nodules and Hurthle cell neoplasms. Many studies have shown the combination of HBME‐1 and CK19 expression to be useful in reaching a correct histologic diagnosis on tissue sections. We aim to assess the value of these markers in the setting of cell blocks prepared from needle aspiration specimens. We performed immunohistochemical staining of HBME‐1 and CK19 on cell block material from 22 thyroid nodules that also had follow‐up histology. Both CK19 and HBME‐1 were strongly positive in all nine cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma, the latter showing distinct luminal accentuation. In the non‐papillary carcinomas, none showed positivity for both HBME‐1 and CK19. Two of six Hurthle cell neoplasms were positive for CK19, however all were negative for HBME‐1. One of nine goitrous nodules was strongly positive for HBME‐1 with luminal/membranous staining, but this were negative for CK19.The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of HBME‐1 in distinguishing between papillary thyroid carcinoma and goitrous nodules/Hurthle cell neoplasms were found to be 100%, 92.9% and 0.9, respectively; and that of HBME‐1 and CK19 combination was 100%, 100% and 1.We thus conclude that the combination of positive HBME‐1 (luminal/membranous) and CK 19 (cytoplasmic) staining on cell blocks of thyroid cytologic specimens is highly discriminatory in the diagnostic workup for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008; 36: 550–556. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
WCAFTI: Worrisome cytologic alterations following tissue infarction; a mimicker of malignancy in breast cytology
Authors: Kavdia Reeti , Kini Usha 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe acronym WCAFTI (cafti)—(Worrisome cytologic alterations following tissue infarction) is introduced here for the first time for the entity which describes the spectrum of cytologic changes seen in spontaneous infarction of an epithelial lesion. The pathology may be responsible for abnormal cytologic findings such as cellular dyshesiveness, nuclear enlargement with cytoplasmic blurring and irregular nuclei. Although, it is a rare event, it is essential for a cytologist to be aware of this new acronym WCAFTI to avoid misinterpretation of atypical cells and necrosis as indicators of malignancy. It is typically described here in a fibroadenoma from a 49‐year‐old female who sought medical help for pain in left breast mass. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008; 36: 586–588. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of pulmonary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Authors: Chhieng David C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA 64‐year‐old man presented with symptoms of a lung infection. Radiologic work‐up revealed opacity in the upper lobe of right lung. A computer tomographic (CT) guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy revealed sheets and clusters of mild to moderately atypical epithelial cells, small amount of mucin, histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, and stromal fragments. The differential diagnosis included an inflammatory process and a well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma. A lobectomy was performed and revealed abundant extracellular mucin surrounded partially by a thick fibrous wall, which was lined by neoplastic glandular cells. The histology was consistent with a pulmonary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Fibroblastic proliferation and foreign‐body giant reaction secondary to extravasation of mucin were also noted. The patient was disease free 1 year after initial diagnosis. The relative lack of mucin as well as the presence of well‐differentiated neoplastic cells, the inflammatory response to extravasated mcuin constitutes a potential pitfall in recognizing pulmonary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma cytologically. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008; 36: 581–585. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration of metastatic prostatic neuroendocrine carcinomas: Cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic features
Authors: Cai Guoping , Ramdall Risha B. , Levine Pascale , Yang Grace C. H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMetastatic prostatic carcinoma may, in rare occasions, present as a neuroendocrine tumor. Its recognition is crucial to avert a wrongful exclusion of prostate as a primary site. We report five cases of metastatic prostatic neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosed by image‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. The aspirate smears showed loosely cohesive or dyscohesive clusters of tumor cells with scanty (three cases) to moderate amount (two cases) of cytoplasm, speckled or coarse chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Nuclear molding and necrosis were focally present in two cases. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin or/and chromogranin, but negative for prostatic specific antigen and prostatic specific acid phosphatase. Review of prior prostate biopsies/resections revealed adenocarcinoma with focal neuroendocrine differentiation in all cases, with two cases being newly recognized on retrospective review. Confirming neuroendocrine differentiation in the prior biopsy/resection may help to establish a link between metastasis and prostate primary. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008; 36: 545–549. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of androgens on insulin action in women: is androgen excess a component of female metabolic syndrome?
Authors: Corbould A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHyperinsulinemia as a consequence of insulin resistance causes hyperandrogenemia in women. The objective was to review evidence for the converse situation, i.e. whether androgens adversely influence insulin action. Androgen excess could potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes, and in obese peripubertal girls. An Entrez‐PubMed search was conducted to identify studies addressing the relationship of androgens with metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes in women. Studies reporting outcomes of androgen administration, interventions to reduce androgen effects in hyperandrogenemic women, and basic studies investigating androgen effects on insulin target tissues were reviewed. Multiple studies showed associations between serum testosterone and insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes risk in women, but their cross‐sectional nature did not allow conclusions about causality. Androgen administration to healthy women was associated with development of insulin resistance. Intervention studies in women with hyperandrogenism were limited by small subject numbers and use of indirect methods for assessing insulin sensitivity. However, in three of the seven studies using euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps, reduction of androgen levels or blockade of androgen action improved insulin sensitivity. Testosterone administration to female rats caused skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Testosterone induced insulin resistance in adipocytes of women in vitro. In conclusion, the metabolic consequences of androgen excess in women have been under‐researched. Studies of long‐term interventions that lower androgen levels or block androgen effects in young women with hyperandrogenism are needed to determine whether these might protect against metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes in later life. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.