bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of soil interaction and driving characteristics of different agricultural and space robots in an agricultural environment
Authors: Wirkus Malte , Hinck Stefan , Backe Christian , Babel Jonathan , Riedel Vadim , Reichert Nele , Kolesnikov Andrej , Stark Tobias , Hilljegerdes Jens , Küçüker Hilmi Doğu , Ruckelshausen Arno , Kirchner Frank 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates four different mobile robots with respect to their driving characteristics and soil preservation properties in an agricultural environment. Thereby, robots of classical design from agriculture as well as systems from space robotics with advanced locomotion concepts are considered to determine the individual advantages of each rover concept with respect to the application domain. Locomotion experiments were conducted to analyze the general driving behavior, tensile force, and obstacle‐surmounting capability and ground interaction of each robot. Various soil conditions typical for the area of application are taken into account, which are varied in terms of moisture and density. The presented work covers the specification of the conducted experiments, documentation of the implementation as well as analysis and evaluation of the collected data. In the evaluation, particular attention is paid to the change in driving characteristics under different soil conditions, as well as to the soil stress caused by driving, since soil quality is of critical importance for agricultural applications. The analysis shows that the advanced locomotion concepts, as used in space robotics, also have positive implications for certain requirements in agricultural applications, such as maneuverability in wet conditions and soil conservation. The results show potential for design innovations in agricultural robotics that can be used, to open up new fields of application for instance in the context of precision farming.
New Ciprofloxacin–Pyrazolopyrimidine Hybrids as Topoisomerase IV and Gyrase Inhibitors against MRSA AUMC 261
Authors: Samir Mohamed , Ramadan Mohamed , Abdelrahman Mostafa H. , Abdelbaset Mahmoud S. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed , Mohamed Halby Hamada , Abuo‐Rahma Gamal El‐Din A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEleven novel ciprofloxacin–pyrazolopyrimidine hybrids 4 a–k were synthesized and structurally elucidated using NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The antibacterial screening showed that the newly synthesized compounds revealed a remarkable shifting of antibacterial activity from Gram–negative toward Gram–positive bacteria. Most of the synthesized hybrids displayed good to excellent activity against Staph aureus ATCC 6538 especially hybrids 4 a and 4 g which revealed MICs of 12.5 and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively, compared to the ciprofloxacin MIC, 25 μg/ml as a reference drug. In addition, both hybrids displayed potent activity toward MRSA AUMC 261 with MICs, 71 and 36 μg/ml respectively, compared to the ciprofloxacin MIC, 190 μg/ml as a reference drug. Additionally, hybrids, 4 a and 4 g exhibited effective inhibitory activity against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes with IC50 values, 0.404, 1.626 μM and 3.647 and 3.791 μM, respectively, compared to ciprofloxacin IC50 values 0.661 and 8.159. A molecular modeling investigation showed a high fitting affinity of hybrids 4 a and 4 g toward gyrase and topoisomerase IV active sites compared to ciprofloxacin.
Colorimetric Silver Ion Detection Based on Silver Metallization of Gold Nanorods
Authors: Sepahvand Marzieh , Ghasemi Forough 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite the use of silver in various industries, this heavy metal can pose serious risks to living organisms and the environment. Therefore, the development of simple measurement strategies for detection of silver ions (Ag+) with high sensitivity is of great importance. In this research, gold nanorods (AuNRs) have been used as indicator element in colorimetric sensor, which provides the possibility of facile and visual detection of silver by forming gold@silver core‐shell nanostructures (Au@Ag NRs). The basis of this sensor is the metallization of silver on AuNRs through ascorbic acid (AA) as a reducing agent, which forms Au@Ag NRs. During this mechanism, Ag+ is converted to silver atom (Ago) in the presence of AA and the surface of AuNRs is coated by inducing metallization. Any changes in composition and dimensions of AuNRs will cause color changes in the detection solution and subsequently spectral changes. The obtained results showed a good correlation between silver concentration and probe response (λo–λ) in the range of 2.5 to 30.0 μmol L−1 with a detection limit of 1.3 μmol L−1. In addition, the evaluation of the sensor in water and soil samples showed that it has acceptable accuracy in detecting silver ions in real conditions.
Silver Sulfide Anchored Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles for Ultrafast Degradation of Selective Textile Dyes
Authors: Murugadoss Govindhasamy , Venkatesh Nachimuthu , Rajabathar Jothiramalingam , Kandhasamy Narthana , Kumar Manavalan Rajesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe surface modification of the TiO2 with selective narrow band gap of metal or metal sulfide is an attractive attention in recent years. Herein, tiny Ag2S nanoparticles are well anchored on the TiO2 surface by a cost‐effective chemical precipitation method for efficient photocatalytic activity. The decoration of Ag2S nanoparticles is clearly identified through electron microscopy studies. The UV‐Vis diffuse reflection spectra (DRS) revealed that TiO2/Ag2S composites absorbed broad spectrum in the visible region. The reduced band‐gap of 2.41 eV by anchored the Ag2S on TiO2 may boosted the photocatalytic activity. Particularly, incorporation of Ag2S nanoparticles increased charge separation efficiency, lowering recombination, and improving photocatalytic performance. Because of their unique structural and optical properties, TiO2/Ag2S composites have increased photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic performance of the pristine Ag2S and Ag2S anchored TiO2 are Crystal violet (CV) and Methyl orange (MO) dye molecules under same experimental condition. As expected, the TiO2/Ag2S showed highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency than alone TiO2.
Functional Polyorganosilsesquioxane Nanocomposite Hydrogels With Encapsulated Silver Nanoparticles – Promising Compounds Against Gastrointestinal Pathogen Bacteria
Authors: Migulin D. A. , Rozanova J. V. , Meshkov I. B. , Milenin S. A. , Shitikov E. A. , Muzafarov A. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNowadays the most common gastrointestinal related gram‐negative H. pylori and E. coli pathogen bacteria that are considered to be the main causes for the development of various gastric diseases and bloodstream infections are rapidly developing resistance against the standard antibiotics, commonly used in the clinical practices. One of the alternative high potential approaches for solving problems of bacterial resistance includes applications of silver‐based materials and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In the present study two types of amine‐ and triazol‐ functional polyorganosilsesquioxane nanocomposite sorbent hydrogels with narrowly dispersed AgNPs were developed. In vitro antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity tests showed concentration‐ and time‐dependent activity of the prepared nanocomposites against gram‐negative E. coli and H. pylori bacteria and a reduced cytotoxicity towards Caco‐2 human colon epithelial cells. Molecular structures and chemical compositions of the synthesized composites elucidated with transmission and scanning electron microscopy and UV‐Vis spectroscopy revealed spherical and narrowly dispersed along the polymer matrices AgNPs with average sizes of 3–5 nm. It was estimated that the chemical composition and particularly the zeta‐potentials values that were found to be dependent on the molecular structures of the synthesized nanocomposites had a high influence on the AgNPs antibacterial activity and cytoxicity profiles.
Synthesis of cNDI‐Peptide‐Dimer as a G4 Cluster‐Selective Binder and its Interaction with G4 Dimer
Authors: Ono Kentaro , Sato Shinobu , Takenaka Shigeori 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe amino acid unit carrying cyclic naphthalene diimide (cNDI) was synthesized by linking the amino moiety of cNDI as a G4‐specific ligand with the γ‐carboxylic acid moiety of Fmoc‐Glu. cNDI‐peptide‐dimer, 1 was synthesized by peptide synthesizer using this unit. 1 exhibited an extremely strong binding constant of the order of 108 M−1 with telomeric G4 dimer, probably due to cooperative stacking of the its two G4 planes. It also showed an IC50 at the nM level by the TRAP assay. The results obtained here are expected to enable the design of peptide ligands with multiple cNDI sites targeting the G4 cluster by using the amino acid units of cNDI.
Broadband Room‐Temperature Photodetection via InBiTe3 Nanosheet
Authors: Chen Shijie , Wu Tuntan , Chen Hang , Zhou Wei , Gao Yanqing , Yao Niangjuan , Jiang Lin , Huang Zhiming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBroadband room‐temperature photodetection has become a pressing need as application requirements for communication, imaging, spectroscopy, and sensing have evolved. Topological insulators (TIs) have narrow bandgap structures with a wide absorption spectral response range, which should meet the requirements of broadband detection. However, owing to their high carrier concentration and low carrier mobility resulting in poor noise equivalent power (NEP), they are generally considered unsuitable for photodetection. Here, InBiTe3 alloy nanosheet formed by doping In2Te3 into Bi2Te3(≈ 1:1) is utilized, effectively improving carrier mobility by over ten times while maintaining a narrow bandgap structure, to fabricate a broadband photodetector covering a wide response range from visible to millimeter wave (MMW). Under the synergistic multi‐mechanism of the photoelectric effect in the visible−infrared region and the electromagnetic‐induced potential well (EIW) effect in Terahertz band, the performance of NEP = 75 pW Hz−1/2 and response time τ ≈100 µs in visible to infrared band and the performance of NEP = 6.7 × 10−3 pW Hz−1/2, τ ≈8 µs in Terahertz region are achieved. The results demonstrate the promising prospects of topological insulator alloy (like InBiTe3) nanosheet in optoelectronic detection applications and provide a direction for the research into high‐performance broadband photoelectric detectors via TIs.
VOx Matrix Confinement Approach to Generate Sub‐3 nm L10‐Pt‐Based Intermetallic Catalysts for Fuel Cell Cathode
Authors: Deng Yingjie , Zhang Longhai , Zheng Jie , Dang Dai , Zhang Jiaxi , Gu Xianrui , Yang Xue , Tan Weiquan , Wang Liming , Zeng Long , Chen Chao , Wang Tiejun , Cui Zhiming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPt‐based intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are considered as a class of promising fuel cell electrocatalysts, owing to their outstanding intrinsic activity and durability. However, the synthesis of uniformly dispersed IMCs with small sizes presents a formidable challenge during the essential high‐temperature annealing process. Herein, a facile and generally applicable VOx matrix confinement strategy is demonstrated for the controllable synthesis of ordered L10‐PtM (M = Fe, Co, and Mn) nanoparticles, which not only enhances the dispersion of intermetallic nanocrystals, even at high loading (40 wt%), but also simplifies the oxide removal and acid‐washing procedures. Taking intermetallic PtCo as an example, the as‐prepared catalyst displays a high‐performance oxygen reduction activity (mass activity of 1.52 A mgPt−1) and excellent stability in the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) (the ECSA has just 7% decay after durability test). This strategy provides an economical and scalable route for the controlled synthesis of Pt‐based intermetallic catalysts, which can pave a way for the commercialization of fuel cell technologies.
Thermocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water at Boiling Condition
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Min , Syeda Arooj , Ye Fei , Liu Congyan , Tao Ye , Chen Chunhui , Liu Bo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThermochemical water‐splitting cycles are technically feasible for hydrogen production from water. However, the ultrahigh operation temperature and low efficiency seriously restrict their practical application. Herein, one‐step and one‐pot thermocatalytic water‐splitting process is reported at water boiling condition catalyzed by single atomic Pt on defective In2O3. Water splitting into hydrogen is verified by D2O isotopic experiment, with an optimized hydrogen production rate of 36.4 mmol·h−1·g−1 as calculated on Pt active sites. It is revealed that three‐centered Pt1In2 surrounding oxygen vacancy as catalytic ensembles promote the dissociation of the adsorbed water into H, which transfers to singlet atomic Pt sites for H2 production. Remaining OH groups on adjacent In sites from Pt1In2 ensembles undergoes O─O bonding, hyperoxide formation and diminishing via triethylamine oxidation, water re‐adsorption for completing the catalytic cycle. Current work represents an isothermal and continuous thermocatalytic water splitting under mild condition, which can re‐awaken the research interest to produce H2 from water using low‐grade heat and competes with photocatalytic, electrolytic, and photoelectric reactions.
High Carrier Mobility and Promising Thermoelectric Module Performance of N‐Type PbSe Crystals
Authors: Wang Siqi , Wen Yi , Zhu Yingcai , Wang Ziyuan , Liu Dongrui , Zheng Junqing , Zhan Shaoping , Xie Hongyao , Ge Zhenhua , Gao Xiang , Cao Qian , Chang Cheng , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe scarcity of Te hampers the widespread use of Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric modules. Here, the thermoelectric module potential of PbSe is investigated by improving its carrier mobility. Initially, large PbSe crystals are grown with the temperature gradient method to mitigate grain boundary effects on carrier transport. Subsequently, light doping with <1mole‰ halogens (Cl/Br/I) increases room‐temperature carrier mobility to ~1600 cm2 V−1 s−1, achieved by reducing carrier concentration compared to traditional heavy doping. Crystal growth design and light doping enhance carrier mobility without affecting effective mass, resulting in a high power factor ~40 µW cm−1 K−2 in PbSe‐Cl/Br/I crystals at 300 K. Additionally, Cl/Br/I doping reduces thermal conductivity and bipolar diffusion, leading to significantly lower thermal conductivity at high temperature. Enhanced carrier mobility and suppressed bipolar effect boost ZT values across the entire temperature range in n‐type PbSe‐Cl/Br/I crystals. Specifically, ZT values of PbSe‐Br crystal reach ~0.6 at 300 K, ~1.2 at 773 K, and the average ZT (ZTave) reaches ~1.0 at 300–773 K. Ultimately, ~5.8% power generation efficiency in a PbSe single leg with a maximum temperature cooling difference of 40 K with 7‐pair modules is achieved. These results indicate the potential for cost‐effective and high‐performance thermoelectric cooling modules based on PbSe.
Effects of Konjac Gum on Physicochemical, Rheological, Textural Properties, and In Vitro Digestibility of Purple Potato Starch
Authors: He Dan , Li Yue , Wu Yinglong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdding hydrocolloids into native starch is a secure and valid method of physical modification. However, few research focuses on the interactions between konjac gum (KGM) and purple potato starch (PPS). In this study, the effects of KGM on the physicochemical, rheological, textural properties, and in vitro digestibility of PPS are evaluated. The swelling power, solubility, transparency, zeta potential value, particle size, gel adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of PPS are enhanced with increasing KGM content. The results show the combination of PPS and KGM exhibits a higher adhesiveness and a denser structure than that of PPS alone. Static rheological analysis shows PPS/KGM composites exhibit pseudoplastic and shear thinning enhancement behaviors with the rise of the KGM content from 0% to 2.5%. Dynamic rheological analysis reveals that storage modulus (G') > loss modulus (G″), mainly showing elastic behavior, and G′, G″, and the loss tangent (tan δ) increase with the rise of the KGM content from 0% to 2.5%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis shows stronger hydrogen bonding of PPS/KGM complexes compared to PPS only. Moreover, KGM increases the contents of resistant starch. All these findings indicate that KGM can improve the functional properties of PPS.
The use of thiazole derivative molecules as sensor materials: Potentiometric determination of Cu(II) ions
Authors: Ören Serkan , Özbek Oguz , Isildak Ömer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)–membrane potentiometric sensors for the determination of copper(II) ions were prepared using 2‐acetamido‐4‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)thiazole (L1), 2‐amino‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)thiazole‐5‐carboxylic acid (L2) and ethyl 2‐amino‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole‐6‐carboxylate (L3) ionophores. It was determined that the potentiometric performance characteristics of the sensors prepared with L1 were superior to the others. Based on these properties, the optimum membrane composition was determined as 3.0% ionophore (L1), 64.0% bis(2–ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA), 32.0% PVC and 1.0% potassium tetrakis (p–chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB). The newly developed sensor had a low detection limit of 6.74 × 10−7 mol L−1 over a wide concentration range of 1.0 × 10−1–1.0 × 10−6 mol L−1. Compared with different metal ions, the sensor showed good selectivity to copper(II) ions, had a repeatable, stable and fast response time. The copper(II)–selective sensor could work in a wide range without being affected by pH changes (5.0–9.0). It was used as indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of copper(II) ions with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and successfully applied for the determination of copper(II) ions content in different water samples.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of albendazole sulphoxide and its metabolites in donkey after intramuscular injection
Authors: Li Zaijian , Qin Xuling , Wang Changfa , Liu Wenqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundVarious anti‐parasitic drugs are used to control donkey parasitic diseases. The abuse of donkey drugs leads to the disposition of residues in the edible parts of treated donkeys.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to (1) analyse the pharmacokinetics of ABZSO to serve as reference for the dosage regimen in donkey; and (2) calculate the withdrawal times of the ABZSO in the tissue of the donkey.MethodsThe concentrations of ABZSO and its metabolites in plasma and tissues were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by the programme 3p97.ResultsThe plasma concentrations of ABZSO and ABZSO2 concentration–time data in donkey conformed to the absorption one‐compartment open model. The of ABZSO was 0.67 h, whereas the t1/2ke was 12.93 h; the Cmax and the Tp were calculated as 0.58 μg mL−1 and 3.01 h. The Vd/F of ABZSO was estimated to be 10.92 L kg−1; the area under the curve (AUC) was 12.81 μg mL−1 h. The Cmax and AUC values of ABZSO were higher than those of ABZSO2; however, t1/2Ke and Vd/F were lower. Other pharmacokinetics parameters were similar between the two metabolites.ConclusionsThe results revealed that ABZSO2 was the main metabolite of ABZSO in donkey plasma. The concentrations of ABZSO and its chief metabolite (ABZSO2) were detected in liver, kidney, skin and muscle; however, ABZ‐SO2NH2 was only detected in liver and kidney. The results also revealed that the depletion of ABZSO and its metabolite in donkey was longer, especially in skin.
The Sinhala‐Buddhicization of the state and the rise of authoritarianism in Sri Lanka
Authors: Imtiyaz A. R. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSri Lanka's postindependence history suggests that continuous efforts by the Sinhala‐Buddhist politicians to reject decentralization created anxiety and distrust among minorities. The state used both Sinhala language and Buddhism to accommodate Sinhala‐Buddhist interests and provide cultural security to Sinhala‐Buddhists who feared that the Sinhala race, Buddhism, and heritage would be threatened with destruction by the Tamil and Muslim separatists and extremists. The state forced the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), which demanded a separate state for North and Eastern Tamils, to silence its guns in May 2009. The military defeat of the LTTE did not produce any democratization of the island. Sinhala‐Buddhist extremist forces turned their eyes on Sri Lankan Muslims, whose elites attached to major political parties supported the war against the LTTE. This study examines the politicization of the Sinhala language and Buddhism in Sri Lanka before and after the civil war between the LTTE and the state dominated by the Sinhala‐Buddhists. It argues that Sinhala political elites willingly took measures to centralize power. The major result of centralization is the birth of the state‐seeking, but authoritarian LTTE. It will also provide some useful analysis to examine post‐war tensions between the Muslims and the Sinhala‐Buddhist extremists. Finally, I discuss some solutions to fight the rising authoritarianism to help Sri Lanka enjoy the fruits of modernization and democracy.
Characterization and evaluation of the anaerobic treatability of a dairy wastewater
Authors: Namal Osman Onder , Altaş Levent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, the characteristics, anaerobic treatability, and energy potential of wastewater samples taken from a dairy products industry were investigated. It was determined that the wastewater has a high organic load (COD = 2800 mg O2/L) and a large proportion of this load is biodegradable. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) value of wastewater was measured as 1118.71 ± 122 ml CH4/L. Volatile solids (VS) removal of 67.25 ± 4.98% was achieved during batch tests and the obtained methane yield was calculated as 411.59 ± 22.8 ml CH4/g VS. Peak methane formation rate and lag time of microorganisms were determined as 163.42 ± 3.83 ml CH4/g VS d and 0.584 ± 0.023 d, respectively. Rate constant for the first‐order kinetic model was 0.384 ± 0.072 d−1. The volatile fatty acid (VFA) yield was measured as 155.19 mg COD/g VSS. It was concluded that the wastewater can be treated anaerobically without any inhibition and it has great energy potential.Practitioner Points

Dairy wastewater has a large organic load and that most of the organics can be easily biodegradable.
Although there are many components considered to be toxic for anaerobic treatment in wastewater, they were found to be very under the inhibition thresholds and did not pose any risk of toxicity.
At a satisfactory level, organic matter removal and methane formation were observed in batch anaerobic tests.
A rapid microbial adaptation was achieved and the system reached equilibrium in a short time without any acid accumulation.
The electrical and caloric energy potentials of the obtained methane gas were calculated as 2.12 and 4.25 kWh/m3, respectively.