bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonyl Allylation in the Absence of Preformed Allyl Metal Reagents: Reverse Prenylation via Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenative Coupling of Dimethylallene.
Authors: Skucas Eduardas , Bower John F. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling Pd‐Catalyzed Alcohol Oxidation to Olefin Functionalization: Hydrohalogenation/Hydroalkoxylation of Styrenes.
Authors: Podhajsky Susanne M. , Sigman Matthew S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetracyclines
Authors: Sum Phaik‐Eng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Predictors of colorectal cancer screening from patients enrolled in a managed care health plan
Authors: Farmer Melissa M. , Bastani Roshan , Kwan Lorna , Belman Michael , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite the growing recognition of the importance of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in reducing cancer mortality, national screening rates are low, indicating a critical need to understand the barriers and remedies for underutilization of CRC screening tests.METHODSUsing results from independent cross‐sectional telephone surveys with patients aged ≥50 years performed before (2000; n = 498) and after (2003; n = 482) a quality improvement intervention for CRC screening within a large managed care health plan, the trends and predictors of CRC screening with fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and/or endoscopy (flexible sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy) were examined from a patient perspective.RESULTSIn 2000, patient reported screening rates within guidelines were 38% for any test, 23% for endoscopy, and 22% for FOBT. In 2003, screening rates increased to 50% for any test, 39% for endoscopy, and 24% for FOBT. Having discussed CRC with a doctor significantly increased the odds of being screened (FOBT: odds ratio [OR], 2.09 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.47–2.96]; endoscopy: OR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.67–3.26]; and any test: OR, 2.86 [95% CI, 2.06–3.96]), and reporting barriers to CRC in general decreased the odds of being screened (FOBT: OR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.60–0.95]; endoscopy: OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60–0.92]; and any test: OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.54–0.80]).CONCLUSIONSAlthough screening rates increased over the 3‐year period, evidence was found of ongoing underutilization of CRC screening. The 2 strongest determinants of obtaining CRC screening were provider influence and patient barriers related to CRC screening in general, pointing to the need for multilevel interventions that target both the provider and patient. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Orthogonal bandelet bases for geometric images approximation
Authors: Peyré Gabriel , Mallat Stéphane 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces orthogonal bandelet bases to approximate images having some geometrical regularity. These bandelet bases are computed by applying parametrized Alpert transform operators over an orthogonal wavelet basis. These bandeletization operators depend upon a multiscale geometric flow that is adapted to the image at each wavelet scale. This bandelet construction has a hierarchical structure over wavelet coefficients taking advantage of existing regularity among these coefficients. It is proved that Cα‐images having singularities along Cα‐curves are approximated in a best orthogonal bandelet basis with an optimal asymptotic error decay. Fast algorithms and compression applications are described. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accelerating the secondary immune response by inactivating CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells prior to BCG vaccination does not enhance protection against tuberculosis
Authors: Quinn Kylie M. , Rich Fenella J. , Goldsack Lisa M. , de Lisle Geoffrey W. , Buddle Bryce M. , Delahunt Brett , Kirman Joanna R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCD4+CD25+ natural T regulatory cells (Tregs) have been shown to suppress protective immune responses in several different vaccination models. Since the effect of Tregs on vaccination against tuberculosis (Tb) was unknown, we used a murine model to investigate whether natural Tregs suppress the development of protective immunity following Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Using a monoclonal antibody against CD25, natural Tregs were inactivated prior to vaccination with BCG. The primary immune response was evaluated after BCG vaccination and the secondary immune response was assessed after an intranasal BCG challenge 42 days after vaccination. Inactivation of natural Tregs prior to vaccination led to an increased immune response 14 days after vaccination, increased numbers of antigen‐responsive lymphocytes immediately prior to secondary challenge and the earlier appearance of IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the draining lymph nodes and lungs after challenge. Despite this, protection from virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. bovis aerosol challenge was unaffected by natural Treg inactivation prior to BCG vaccination. This suggests that increasing the primary and accelerating the secondary immune responses by inactivating natural Tregs at the time of vaccination, does not affect the development of protective immunity to Tb.
A Novel Series of Heteropolynuclear Metallomesogens: Organopalladium Complexes with Ferrocenophane‐Containing Ligands
Authors: Kadkin Oleg N. , An Jaein , Han Haksoo , Galyametdinov Yuri G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFerrocenophane‐containing (Fcph) Schiff's bases p‐C12H25O(C6H4)CH=N(C6H4)Fcph (LAH) and p‐C12H25O(C6H4)COO(C6H4)CH=N(C6H4)Fcph (LBH) react with palladium(II) acetate to form μ‐acetato‐ and chloro‐bridged dimeric organopalladium complexes. By exchanging acetato‐groups with the chloride anions, μ‐chloro‐bridged heteropolynuclear dimers are obtained that show thermotropic smectic A phases over a temperature range of 198 to 260 °C. The complexes [PdClLA]2 and [PdClLB]2 can be transformed into a variety of mixed‐ligand PdII complexes by treatment with salicylaldimine p‐C12H25O(C6H4)COO(C6H3)(OH)CH=N(C6H4)Fcph (LCH) and β‐aminovinyl ketone p‐C12H25O(C6H4)COCH=CHNH(C6H4)Fcph (LDH). The obtained mixed‐ligand heterometallic complexes [PdLALC], [PdLBLC], [PdLALD] and [PdLBLD] exhibit enantiotropic, thermotropic nematic phases over a broad temperature range from 71 to 205 °C. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by means of 1H NMR, IR and UV spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. The liquid crystalline properties were studied by polarising optical microscopy and DSC. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Iron(II) Spin Transition Complexes with Dendritic Ligands, Part I
Authors: Sonar Prashant , Grunert C. Matthias , Wei Yong‐Li , Kusz Joachim , Gütlich Philipp , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe ligands G1‐ and G2‐oligo (benzyl ether) (PBE) dendrons and their iron(II) complexes [Fe(Gn‐PBE)3]A2·xH2O (with n = 1, 2 and A = triflate, tosylate) were prepared. The magnetic properties of the complexes were investigated by a SQUID magnetometer. All complexes exhibit gradual spin transition below room temperature. At very low temperatures the magnetic behaviour reflects zero‐field splitting (ZFS) effects. 57Fe‐Mössbauer spectroscopy was performed to distinguish between ZFS of high spin species and spin state conversion into the low spin state. Further characterisation was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Structural features have been determined by powder XRD measurements.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Electron‐Sponge Behavior, Reactivity and Electronic Structures of Cobalt‐Centered Cubic Co9Te6(CO)8 Clusters
Authors: Bencharif Mustapha , Cador Olivier , Cattey Hélène , Ebner Alexander , Halet Jean‐François , Kahlal Samia , Meier Walter , Mugnier Yves , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Schwarz Patrick , Trodi Fatima Zohra , Wachter Joachim , Zabel Manfred 
Published: February 2008

AbstractExtended investigations of the reaction sequence [Cp′2Nb(Te2)H]/CH3Li/[Co2(CO)8] (Cp′ = tBuC5H4) led to the identification of Lin[3] {3 = [Co9Te6(CO)8]; n = 1, 2} salts through their transformation with [PPN]Cl into [PPN]n[3] (PPN = Ph3PNPPh3). These compounds form in the solid state columnar ([PPN][3]) or undulated 2D ([PPN]2[3]) supramolecular networks. Electrochemical studies of [Cp*2Nb(CO)2][3] (Cp* = C5Me5) or [Na(THF)6][3] revealed the presence of the redox couples [3]–/[3]2–/[3]3–/[3]4–/[3]5– regardless of the nature of the cation, whereas in the anodic part oxidative degradation of the cluster takes place. This behavior is in agreement with the observation that [3]– containing salts form with PPh3AuCl or dppe decomposition products like [(PPh3)2Au][CoCl3PPh3] or [Co(CO)2dppe]2(μ‐Te). A neutral cluster comprising the Co@Co8(μ4‐Te)6 core formed in the reaction of [Cp*2Nb(CO)2][Co11Te7(CO)10] with PPh3AuCl, which gave [Co9Te6(CO)4(PPh3)4] (4) after oxidative cluster degradation and CO substitution. 4 was characterized by X‐ray crystallography. DFT calculations carried out on all members of the [3]n (n = +1 to –5) family and on related species indicate that there is no significant Jahn–Teller distortion (and therefore no connectivity change) for any of the considered electron counts. Magnetic investigations on [PPN][3] show that the ground state of [3]– is a spin triplet with spins interacting antiferromagnetically in a 1D space.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Alkylboronic Acid Derivatives or Alkyltrifluoroborates with Aryl, Alkenyl or Alkyl Halides and Triflates
Authors: Doucet Henri 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPalladium‐catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings of organoboronic acids or organotrifluoroborates with aryl and alkenyl halides or triflates have become classic methods for generating carbon–carbon bonds. For this reaction, not only sp2‐hybridized but also sp3‐hybridized organoboron derivatives can be employed. However, alkylboronic acids or trifluoroborates are generally less reactive than arylboron derivatives. The coupling of primary alkylboronic acids or alkyltrifluoroborates with aryl or alkenyl halides is well known, and the reaction gives the coupling products with high selectivities, relatively high turnover numbers and in good yields with several catalysts. On the other hand, secondary alkylboronic acids or trifluoroborates, except for cyclopropylboron derivatives, are much less reactive, and very few catalyst are able to activate such compounds. Because of the hybridization of cyclopropanes, which confers significant aromatic character, several reactions have successfully been performed with cyclopropylboronic acids or trifluoroborates. The stereochemistries of substituted cyclopropylboron derivatives were maintained in the course of the reactions. For all these couplings with primary or secondary alkylboron derivatives, aryl iodides, bromides, chlorides or triflates and alkenyl iodides, bromides or triflates were employed. Alkenyl chlorides have attracted less attention. The reactions with alkenyl halides are stereoselective. A few examples of couplings between sp3‐hybridized organoboronic acids and alkyl halides have also been reported.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Novel Chiral (salen)AlIII Complex Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Zeng Zebing , Zhao Guofeng , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA novel chiral (salen)AlIII complex was synthesized through the reaction of Et2AlCl and salen (R,R)‐1 derived from (R,R)‐11,12‐diamino‐9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐ethanoanthracene. This complex is an efficient catalyst for the asymmetric trimethylsilylcyanation of aldehydes in the presence of tributylphosphane oxide as an additive. The use of 1 mol‐% of the complex led to the corresponding cyanohydrins in high yields (85–94 %) with good‐to‐excellent enantioselectivities (42–92 % ee).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Experimental seismic investigation of Sefid‐rud concrete buttress dam model on shaking table
Authors: Ghaemmaghami A. R. , Ghaemian M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOwing to the devastating M7.6 earthquake of 20 June 1990 that occurred in the northern province of Iran, Sefid‐rud concrete buttress dam located near the epicenter was severely shaken. The crack penetrated throughout the dam thickness near slope discontinuity, causing severe leakage, but with no general failure. In this study, nonlinear seismic response of the highest monolith with empty reservoir is investigated experimentally through model testing. A geometric‐scaled model of 1:30 was tested on a shaking table with high‐frequency capability to study dynamic cracking of the model and serve as data for nonlinear computer model calibration. Three construction joints are set up in the model to simulate effects of construction aspects. The experimental results are then compared with smeared crack and damage mechanics finite‐element simulations using nonlinear concrete constitutive models based on fracture mechanics. The crack patterns obtained from numerical models are in good agreement with those obtained from shaking table tests for the case of including construction joint effects and rigid foundation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What do we know about dementia?: a survey on knowledge about dementia in the general public of Japan
Authors: Arai Yumiko , Arai Asuna , Zarit Steven H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe importance of early detection of dementia has been highlighted in recent years by the medical and scientific community; however, delays often occur between the recognition of signs or symptoms and a decision by the patient or family to seek professional help. Such delays may be caused by a lack of knowledge about dementia among patients and family members. The aim of this study was to determine the understanding of dementia among the general public.MethodsWe conducted a survey in Japan that asked 11 questions regarding knowledge of ‘general’ information, ‘symptoms’, and ‘biomedical’ issues related to dementia. A quota sampling method was used to select 2,500 participants, 2,115 of who were eligible for the analyses.ResultsThe average number of correct responses among females was significantly greater than that among the males. A multiple comparisons test demonstrated that middle‐aged women were more knowledgeable than younger and older respondents. It was revealed that there was a lack of knowledge on biomedical aspects of dementia, i.e. cause, treatment, and prognosis along with a misunderstanding of dementia as senescence forgetfulness among the general public.ConclusionsThere appeared to be gaps in knowledge on dementia among the general public, which may prevent caregivers from planning upcoming social and financial challenges. Correct information needs to be given by health professionals and care staff. Educational initiatives planned for the general public could be useful, and should target those groups, men and non‐middle aged women who have lower knowledge. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hand somatosensory subcortical and cortical sources assessed by functional source separation: An EEG study
Authors: Porcaro Camillo , Coppola Gianluca , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Zappasodi Filippo , Siracusano Alberto , Pierelli Francesco , Rossini Paolo Maria , Tecchio Franca , Seri Stefano 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe propose a novel electroencephalographic application of a recently developed cerebral source extraction method (Functional Source Separation, FSS), which starts from extracranial signals and adds a functional constraint to the cost function of a basic independent component analysis model without requiring solutions to be independent. Five ad‐hoc functional constraints were used to extract the activity reflecting the temporal sequence of sensory information processing along the somatosensory pathway in response to the separate left and right median nerve galvanic stimulation. Constraints required only the maximization of the responsiveness at specific latencies following sensory stimulation, without taking into account that any frequency or spatial information. After source extraction, the reliability of identified FS was assessed based on the position of single dipoles fitted on its retroprojected signals and on a discrepancy measure. The FS positions were consistent with previously reported data (two early subcortical sources localized in the brain stem and thalamus, the three later sources in cortical areas), leaving negligible residual activity at the corresponding latencies. The high‐frequency component of the oscillatory activity (HFO) of the extracted component was analyzed. The integrity of the low amplitude HFOs was preserved for each FS. On the basis of our data, we suggest that FSS can be an effective tool to investigate the HFO behavior of the different neuronal pools, recruited at successive times after median nerve galvanic stimulation. As FSs are reconstructed along the entire experimental session, directional and dynamic HFO synchronization phenomena can be studied. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A dynamic network involving M1‐S1, SII‐insular, medial insular, and cingulate cortices controls muscular activity during an isometric contraction reaction time task
Authors: Jouanin Jean‐Claude , Pérès Michel , Ducorps Antoine , Renault Bernard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMagnetoencephalographic, electromyographic (EMG), work, and reaction time (RT) were recorded from nine subjects during visually triggered intermittent isometric contractions of the middle finger under two conditions: unloaded and loaded (30% of maximal voluntary contraction). The effect of muscle fatigue was studied over three consecutive periods under both conditions. In the loaded condition, the motor evoked field triggered by the EMG onset decreased with fatigue, whereas movement‐evoked fields (MEFs) increased (P < 0.01). Fatigue was demonstrated in the loaded condition, since (i) RT increased due to an increase in the electromechanical delay (P < 0.002); (ii) work decreased from Periods 1 to 3 (P < 0.005), while (iii) the myoelectric RMS amplitude of both flexor digitorum superficialis and extensor muscles increased (P < 0.003) and (iv) during Period 3, the spectral deflection of the EMG median frequency of the FDS muscle decreased (P < 0.001). In the unloaded condition and at the beginning of the loaded condition, a parallel network including M1‐S1, posterior SII‐insular, and posterior cingulate cortices accounted for the MEF activities. However, under the effect of fatigue, medial insular and posterior cingulate cortices drove this network. Moreover, changes in the location of insular and M1‐S1 activations were significantly correlated with muscle fatigue (increase of RMS‐EMG; P < 0.03 and P < 0.01, respectively). These results demonstrate that a plastic network controls the strength of the motor command as fatigue occurs: sensory information, pain, and exhaustion act through activation of the medial insular and posterior cingulate cortices to decrease the motor command in order to preserve muscle efficiency and integrity. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and application of 3D numerical model THREETOX to the prediction of cooling water transport and mixing in the inland and coastal waters
Authors: Maderich Vladimir , Heling Rudie , Bezhenar Roman , Brovchenko Igor , Jenner Henk , Koshebutskyy Volodymyr , Kuschan Anatoly , Terletska Kateryna 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA modelling system—THREETOX—has been developed to simulate the transport and mixing of cooling water in both freshwater and marine environment. A 3D hydrostatic free‐surface model describes the heat dispersion in the far‐field, whereas an integral buoyant jet model coupled with a far‐field model is applied to the near‐field. The equations of hydrodynamics of the far‐field model are completed by equations for heat and salt transport, and by the k − ε turbulence model. Special attention is paid to the parameterization of heat fluxes between water and atmosphere and between water and bottom sediments. Wetting and drying (WAD) processes were built into the model to describe areas where tide and floods play a dominant role. The model was enhanced by processes describing the effects of ship traffic on the dispersion of the discharged heat in stagnant canals. The sigma coordinate in the upper layer can be combined in the lower layer with a second sigma coordinate system or with a z coordinate system. An orthogonal curvilinear horizontal grid with two‐way nesting capabilities has been used to describe the area of interest accurately. A high order advection scheme has been applied in the model. Several examples of the application and validation of the THREETOX model are presented. Studies were performed on the dispersion of cooling water, discharged by various power plants in the Netherlands located at different types of aquatic systems, varying from rivers, canals to tidal river reaches. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Currency unions and currency crises: an empirical assessment
Authors: Coulibaly Brahima 
Published: February 2008

AbstractUsing panel data of 192 countries from 1970 through 1999, and 195 currency crisis episodes, this study examines the effect of membership in a currency union on the probability of experiencing a currency crisis. Both parametric and non‐parametric estimates suggest that membership in a currency union reduces the likelihood of a currency crash. This finding is robust to various definitions of currency crises and exchange rates, across time, and across regions. The results are further confirmed by case studies of some countries that joined or left a currency union. We interpret these findings to suggest that the formation of currency unions should not be ruled out in the debate on stability and the new financial architecture. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.