bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Classification Identifies a Subset of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharyngeal Cancers With Favorable Prognosis
Authors: Weinberger Paul M. , Yu Ziwei , Haffty Bruce G. , Kowalski Diane , Harigopal Malini , Brandsma Janet , Sasaki Clarence , Joe John , Camp Robert L. , Rimm David L. , Psyrri Amanda 
Published: January 2006

Purpose We sought to determine the prevalence of biologically relevant human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Retinoblastoma (Rb) downregulation by HPV E7 results in p16 upregulation. We hypothesized that p16 overexpression in OSCC defines HPV-induced tumors with favorable prognosis. Methods Using real-time polymerase chain reaction for HPV16, we determined HPV16 viral load in a cohort of 79 OSCCs annotated with long-term patient follow-up. A tissue microarray including these cases was also analyzed for p53, p16, and Rb utilizing in situ quantitative protein expression analysis. Seventy-seven tumors were classified into a three-class model on the basis of p16 expression and HPV-DNA presence: class I, HPV–, p16 low; class II, HPV+, p16 low; and class III, HPV+, p16 high. Results Sixty-one percent of OSCCs were HPV16+; HPV status alone was of no prognostic value for local recurrence and was barely significant for survival times. Overall survival was improved in class III (79%) compared with the other two classes (20% and 18%; P = .0095). Disease-free survival for the same class was 75% versus 15% and 13% (P = .0025). The 5-year local recurrence was 14% in class III versus 45% and 74% (P = .03). Only patients in class III had significantly lower p53 and Rb expression (P = .017 and .001, respectively). Multivariable survival analysis confirmed the prognostic value of the three-class model. Conclusion Using this system for classification, we define the molecular profile of HPV+ OSCC with favorable prognosis, namely HPV+/p16 high (class III). This study defines a novel classification scheme that may have value for patient stratification for clinical trials testing HPV-targeted therapies.
Association of Activated Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor κB With Chemoradiation Resistance and Poor Outcome in Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Izzo Julie G. , Malhotra Usha , Wu Tsung-Teh , Ensor Joe , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Lee Jeffrey H. , Swisher Stephen G. , Liao Zhongxing , Chao K.S. Clifford , Hittelman Walter N. , Aggarwal Bharat B. , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: January 2006

Purpose The lack of effective treatment for localized esosphageal cancer leads to poor patient outcome. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a transcriptional factor, is constitutively activated or treatment induced in esophageal cancer and may influence treatment outcomes. Patients and Methods Pre- and post-treatment cancer specimens from patients enrolled onto a clinical trial were studied for the expression of activated NF-κB protein and it was correlated with histologic features, pathologic response, metastatic potential, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). Results Forty-three patients undergoing the same therapy on a protocol were studied. Twenty-one (72%) of 29 patients achieving less than complete pathologic response (pathCR) had NF-κB positive cancer, but only one (7%) of 14 patients achieving pathCR had NF-κB positive cancer (P = < .001). Activated NF-κB was significantly associated with aggressive pathologic features such as perineural, lymphatic, and/or vascular invasion (P = .0004). Eight (38%) of 21 NF-κB positive patients developed metastases compared to none of 22 NF-κB negative patients (P = .001). At a median follow-up of 23 months, 10 (48%) of 21 NF-κB positive patients had died compared to only one (5%) of 22 NF-κB negative patients (P = .0013). Observations were similar for DFS (P = .0006). In a multivariate model (using baseline stage, pathCR or less than pathCR, age, presence of metastatic lymph nodes in the surgical specimen, and NF-κB expression) NF-κB activation was the only independent predictor of DFS (P = .010) and OS (P = .015). Conclusion Our data suggest that esophageal cancers with activated NF-κB have aggressive clinical biology and poor treatment outcome. Additional understanding of NF-κB regulated pathways may uncover potential therapeutic targets.
Use of Vomer Flap in Palatoplasty: Revisited
Authors: Agrawal Karoon , Panda Kasi Nath 
Published: January 2006

Objective To present a new comprehensive and simple classification of vomerine flaps for palatoplasty. Design This classification has been developed on the basis of a literature search and our clinical experience. The vomerine flaps have been classified into three types, each with A and B subtypes. Patients, Participants Vomerine tissue has been used in more than 1000 palatoplasties over the past 17 years. The analysis includes 678 cleft palate patients for whom detailed records were available. Type II-A vomerine flaps were used most commonly in unilateral cleft palate patients, whereas Type II-B1 flaps were used in bilateral cleft palate patients. Results The overall fistula rate at the hard and soft palate junction was 2.95%. Although facial growth pattern was not recorded, obvious midface growth abnormalities were not observed in any of these patients. Conclusions Vomerine tissue is available in the vicinity of the palatal defect. Raising of the vomerine flap is simple and safe. If properly designed, it can be used judiciously for closure of the nasal and oral defects in the cleft palate. We have used these flaps only to augment the nasal mucosal defect. This comprehensive classification will be useful in understanding, designing, and implementing these small, but very important, flaps.
Oral Clefts with Associated Anomalies: Methodological Issues
Authors: Wyszynski Diego F. , Sárközi Andrea , Czeizel Andrew E. 
Published: January 2006

Objective To discuss methodological factors that account for the wide variation in the reported prevalence rates of anomalies associated with oral clefts. Conclusions The published prevalences of associated anomalies vary considerably because of the following: (1) differences in case definition and inclusion/exclusion criteria; (2) length of time after birth that cases are examined; (3) variability of clinical expression of associated anomalies; (4) knowledge and technology available to produce syndrome delineation; (5) selection of patients, sources of ascertainment, and sample size; and (6) true population differences and changes in frequency over time.
Antenatal Transabdominal Ultrasound Detection of Cleft Lip and Palate in Western Australia from 1996 to 2003
Authors: Hanikeri M. , Savundra J. , Gillett D. , Walters M. , McBain W. 
Published: January 2006

Objective To determine the frequency of detection of cleft lip with or without cleft palate and isolated cleft palate from antenatal ultrasound examinations conducted on mothers of infants born with cleft lip and/or palate and isolated cleft palate in Western Australia from 1996 to 2003. Design Review of patient records and purpose-designed questionnaire sent to parents of children born with cleft lip and/or palate and isolated cleft palate. Results There were 308 infants born with cleft lip and/or palate and isolated cleft palate in the study period. Of the 293 parents, 218 responses were available for the study (70.7%), and 2.9 ± 1.8 SD antenatal ultrasound scans were performed on 216 women. No such scans were performed on two women. Cleft lip and/or palate was detected in 22.2% of cases. There was no detection prior to 15 weeks gestational age in the 137 women screened. Between 15 and 19 weeks gestational age, 174 scans detected 30 cases. Between 20 and 29 weeks gestational age, 84 scans detected 11 cases. Between 30 and 40 weeks gestational age, 66 scans detected 7 cases. The detection rate for bilateral cleft lip and/or palate was 44.4% and for unilateral cleft lip and/or palate, 40.6%. Detection rate for isolated cleft lip was 33.3%. Antenatal ultrasound failed to detect any infants with an isolated cleft palate (n = 95). The rate of detection of cleft lip and/or palate increased through the study period. Conclusions The rate of detection of cleft lip and/or palate in Western Australia is comparable to that for referral centers worldwide and is increasing. The rate of detection of the various types of cleft anomalies using antenatal ultrasound ranged from 0% to 44%.
Assessment of Dental Arch Relationships in Japanese Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Susami Takafumi , Ogihara Yuji , Matsuzaki Masako , Sakiyama Miyuki , Takato Tsuyoshi , Shaw William C. , Semb Gunvor 
Published: January 2006

Objective Evaluation of the dental arch relationships of Japanese patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) from the orthodontic clinic of the University of Tokyo Hospital (UTH) compared with patients treated by the Oslo Cleft Team, Norway. Design Retrospective study and comparison with previous reports. Materials Dental models of 24 patients with UCLP in UTH taken before orthodontic treatment and before alveolar bone grafting were included. Surgeons in many hospitals performed primary surgeries. These models were matched for age and gender with 24 models from a consecutive series of patients treated by the Oslo Cleft Team as part of the Eurocran Good Practice Archive. A total of 48 models were evaluated. Main Outcome Measure Dental arch relationship was rated with the Goslon Yardstick. The strength of agreement of rating was assessed with weighted kappa statistics. Results Intra- and interexaminer agreements evaluated by weighted kappa statistics were high, indicating good reproducibility. Almost 60% of the patients in UTH were classified into poor or very poor categories, and the mean Goslon score was 3.50. These results show a contrast to those in Oslo and were the poorest in comparison with previous reports. Conclusion Dental arch relationships in patients with UCLP in UTH were poor. This seemed to be attributable to surgical procedures, but a factor of racial difference in the craniofacial morphology was also considered. Further intercenter research is required to clarify this point.
Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Fatigue during Phonation in Speakers with Cleft Palate with Borderline Velopharyngeal Incompetence
Authors: Nohara Kanji , Tachimura Takashi , Wada Takeshi 
Published: January 2006

Objective This study examined whether the levator veli palatini muscle in speakers with borderline velopharyngeal incompetence (BVP) with surgically treated cleft palate might be more fatigable during speech than that in speakers without clefts. Design Each subject was asked to pronounce the syllable /pu/ more than 50 times at a rate of one time per second. Mean power frequency (MPF) of one syllable was obtained from electromyogram data of the levator muscle by power spectral analysis. Participants Five patients with postsurgical cleft palates, who were identified as having BVP by nasopharyngeal fiberscopy, served as subjects, and five participants without clefts served as the control group. Results In all participants without clefts, the slopes of the regression line relating MPF to the course of syllable repetition were negative but not significant. However, in all participants with BVP, the slopes of the regression line were significantly negative. Conclusions These findings demonstrated that the levator muscle of speakers with BVP was more fatigable than that of speakers without clefts during repetition of syllables. This study suggests that the fatigability of levator muscle contributed to mild hypernasality in patients with BVP.
Kneading and molding of ceramic microparts by precision powder injection molding (PIM)
Authors: Yang S. Y. , Huang C. K. , Lin B. C. , Wei W. C. J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper investigates the kneading and formability of microparts made using alumina in micro‐powder injection molding. In this study, quality feedstock with uniform powder dispersion was achieved when optimum kneading process was performed. In addition, the thin microplates were successfully manufactured using a custom‐made injection machine. Shrinkage was significantly reduced in microspecimens when the mold temperature was increased to 70°C. The results of flow visualization were conformed to that of experiments in this study. A very important result for flow visualization and experiment was molten polymer filled the cavity by shortest period producing a least shrinkage in microparts. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 892–899, 2006
A psychoanalytically informed approach to the treatment of schizophrenia based on coordinating community resources and understanding transference
Authors: Quartesan Roberto 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the success of psychodynamically informed work with a schizo‐ phrenic woman after other treatment, including medication, family crisis intervention, repetitive hospitalizations, and electroconvulsive therapy, had failed to produce signif‐ icant results. In this case, psychoanalytic knowledge helped to integrate the requisite multi‐modal treatment and provided the necessary containment for an evolution in the patient's transference positions so that she could individuate from her family and make a better adaptation to the world in which she lived. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd
The Leonardo effect: why entrepreneurs become their own fathers
Authors: Strenger Carlo , Burak Jacob 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn depth investigation of male entrepreneurs shows a consistent finding: a large proportion of male entrepreneurs tend to experience their fathers as weak, inefficient, abusive, or absent. “Fatherlessness,” as we call this constellation, is, of course, not of itself either a necessary or sufficient condition for entrepreneurship, and even less for successful entrepreneurship. The present paper tries to identify the psychodynamic constellation that allows some entrepreneurs to psychologically deal with the experience of fatherlessness and to transform it into an asset. We do so using Freud's hypothesis that Leonardo da Vinci's extreme independence of mind was one of the predisposing factors to his extreme inquisitiveness and creativity. This model needs to be combined with the insight that fatherlessness isper seharmful. Through detailed case studies it is shown how only those who truly come to terms with fatherlessness can become successful entrepreneurs, whereas those who remain fixated to the rage and disappointment generated by fatherlessness are bound to become what we call self‐ destroyers out of unconscious guilt or grandiose dreamers. The paper concludes with some practical advice on how to identify the various types. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Psychoanalysis as a traditional form of knowledge: an inquiry into the methods of psychoanalysis
Authors: Siegel Everett 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMany psychiatric residents and medical students, weaned on the biomedical model of knowledge‐gathering, find it difficult to capture and comprehend the principles and assumptions of psychoanalysis. A similar confusion over psychoanalytic methods exists in some of our literature. This confusion ranges from how we should understand and respond to critics of psychoanalysis (both sophisticated and unsophisticated) to debates on the nature of psychoanalysis, and how we should understand the increasing number of theories in our field. The present paper surveys the methodology of psycho‐ analysis from the standpoint of three well articulated, competing epistemological models, called in this paper the enlightenment, post‐modernism, and traditional knowledge. Neither the enlightenment nor the post‐modernist model alone suffices to take the full measure of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The model of traditional knowledge, based on the work of Alasdair MacIntyre (1990) points to another means of understanding our field that complements the first two models and provides a robust framework within which to teach residents the practice of analytic psychotherapy and its value, both apart from and in concert with biological psychiatry. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Shame, doubt and the shameless object
Authors: Archer Simon 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper discusses the neglect by psychoanalysis of shame as a cause of distress and breakdown. There is an overview of the shift from the idea of shame as a defence to that of shame as a signal anxiety. There is a discussion of hypotheses about the early origin of shame within a system of stimulus and affect regulation. Embarrassment, humiliation and shame are compared and linked, as is the relation between shame and trauma. The concept of the negative therapeutic reaction as described by Rivière (1936) is re‐evaluated by taking account of shame. Normal and pathological shame are compared. Shame is compared with guilt, and shame‐persecution is distinguished from guilt‐persecution. The significance of the link between shame and doubt is explored. Two concepts are introduced, using clinical material: first, the idea of the ‘reservoir of shame and doubt’ and its importance in manic depression, and second, the idea of the presence of the ‘shameless object’. Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Psychotherapists
Faith in the therapeutic process
Authors: MacKenna Chris 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe ‘social dreaming matrix’ raises significant questions about unconscious communication and the arena within which dreams are formed. Put simply: is psyche ‘in’ us, or do we live ‘in’ psyche? Beginning with some of Freud's early thoughts about unconscious communication and telepathy this paper explores aspects of post‐Freudian, Jungian and Group Analytic thinking, and suggests that quantum field theory may have important implications for psychological understanding. The paper is also an appeal for analytical psychotherapy organizations not to lose their nerve, in the present rather daunting legal and managerial climate, but to seek ways of attending to the ‘wisdom of the unconscious’ in their collective deliberations. An attempt to do this, at St Marylebone Healing and Counselling Centre, is described. This may provide a link to more ancient religious understandings that supplied one of the roots that grew into the analytical psychology movement. Copyright © 2005 The British Association of Psychotherapists
Sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of amlodipine in human plasma
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna V. S. , Kandikere Vishwottam N. , Mudigonda Koteshwara , Shukla Manoj , Maurya Santosh 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA simple, sensitive and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the assay of amlodipine in human plasma. Following liquid–liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reverse‐phase C18 column and analyzed by MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ ions, m/z 409/238 for amlodipine and m/z 409/228 for the IS. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 50–10,000 pg/mL for amlodipine in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 50 pg/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 8%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The average absolute recoveries of amlodipine and the IS from spiked plasma samples were 74.7 ± 4.6 and 72.1 ± 2.0%, respectively. A run time of 1.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies. The observed maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of amlodipine (2.5 mg oral dose) was 1425 pg/mL, time to observed maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 8.1 h and elimination half‐life (T1/2) was 50.1 h. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism in patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yalin Serap , Hatungil Rezan , Tamer Lulufer , Ates Nurcan Aras , Dogruer Nil , Yildirim Hatice , Karakas Sevim , Atik Ugur 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe arylamine N‐acetyltransferases (NATs) are a unique family of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl‐CoA to the terminal nitrogen of hydrazine and arylamine drugs and carcinogens. Human arylamine NATs are known to exist as two isoenzymes, NAT1 and NAT2. The objective of this study was to identify whether the genetic polymorphism of NAT2 plays a role in susceptibility to Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Ninety‐seven patients with DM and 104 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. NAT2*5A, NAT2*6A, NAT2*7A/B and NAT2*14A polymorphisms were detected by using real time PCR with LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). According to our data, the NAT2*5A and NAT2*6A mutant genotypes and NAT2*14A heterozygous genotype were associated with an increased risk of development of DM (OR = 47.06; 95%CI: 10.55–209.77 for NAT 2*5A, OR = 18.48; 95%CI: 3.83–89.11 for NAT2*6A and OR = 18.22; 95%CI: 6.29–52.76 for NAT2*14A). However, the NAT2*7A/B gene polymorphism carried no increased risk for developing DM disease. After grouping according to phenotypes as either slow or fast acetylators, NAT2*6A slow acetylator was found to be a significant risk factor for DM (OR = 6.09; 95%CI: 1.99–18.6, p = 0.02). The results indicate that NAT2 slow acetylator genotypes may be an important genetic determinant for DM in the Turkish population. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melatonin prevents formaldehyde‐induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study
Authors: Zararsiz Ismail , Kus Ilter , Ogeturk Murat , Akpolat Nusret , Kose Evren , Meydan Sedat , Sarsilmaz Mustafa 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis study was undertaken to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde‐induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats. For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The rats in Group I were used as a control, while the rats in Group II were injected every other day with formaldehyde. The rats in Group III received melatonin daily while exposed to formaldehyde. At the end of 14‐day experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation. The brains of the rats were removed and the prefrontal cortex tissues were obtained from all brain specimens. Some of the prefrontal cortex tissue specimens were used for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The remaining prefrontal cortex tissue specimens were used for immunohistochemical evaluation. The levels of SOD and GSH‐Px were significantly decreased, and MDA levels, were significantly increased in rats treated with formaldehyde compared with those of the controls. In the immunohistochemical evaluation of this group, apoptotic cells were observed. However, increased SOD and GSH‐Px enzyme activities, and decreased MDA levels, were detected in the rats administered melatonin while exposed to formaldehyde. Furthermore, apoptotic changes caused by formaldehyde were decreased in these rats. The results of our study suggest that melatonin treatment prevents formaldehyde‐induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.