bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superiority Inferences on Individual Endpoints Following Noninferiority Testing in Clinical Trials
Authors: Logan Brent R. , Tamhane Ajit C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe consider the problem of drawing superiority inferences on individual endpoints following non‐inferiority testing. Röhmel et al. (2006) pointed out this as an important problem which had not been addressed by the previous procedures that only tested for global superiority. Röhmel et al. objected to incorporating the non‐inferiority tests in the assessment of the global superiority test by exploiting the relationship between the two, since the results of the latter test then depend on the non‐inferiority margins specified for the former test. We argue that this is justified, besides the fact that it enhances the power of the global superiority test. We provide a closed testing formulation which generalizes the three‐step procedure proposed by Röhmel et al. for two endpoints. For the global superiority test, Röhmel et al. suggest using the Läuter (1996) test which is modified to make it monotone. The resulting test not only is complicated to use, but the modification does not readily extend to more than two endpoints, and it is less powerful in general than several of its competitors. This is verified in a simulation study. Instead, we suggest applying the one‐sided likelihood ratio test used by Perlman and Wu (2004) or the union‐intersection tmax test used by Tamhane and Logan (2004). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simultaneous Confidence Regions Corresponding to Holm's Step‐Down Procedure and Other Closed‐Testing Procedures
Authors: Guilbaud Olivier 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHolm's (1979) step‐down multiple‐testing procedure (MTP) is appealing for its flexibility, transparency, and general validity, but the derivation of corresponding simultaneous confidence regions has remained an unsolved problem. This article provides such confidence regions. In fact, simultanenous confidence regions are provided for any MTP in the class of short‐cut consonant closed‐testing procedures based on marginalp‐values and weighted Bonferroni tests for intersection hypotheses considered by Hommel, Bretz and Maurer (2007). In addition to Holm's MTP, this class includes the fixed‐sequence MTP, recently proposed gatekeeping MTPs, and the fallback MTP. The simultaneous confidence regions are generally valid if underlying marginalp‐values and corresponding marginal confidence regions (assumed to be available) are valid. The marginal confidence regions and estimated quantities are not assumed to be of any particular kinds/dimensions. Compared to the rejections made by the MTP for the family of null hypothesesHunder consideration, the proposed confidence regions provide extra free information. In particular, with Holm's MTP, such extra information is provided: for all nonrejectedHs, in case not allHs are rejected; or for certain (possibly all)Hs, in case allHs are rejected. In case not allHs are rejected, no extra information is provided for rejectedHs. This drawback seems however difficult to overcome. Illustrations concerning clinical studies are given. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiple Contrast Tests in the Presence of Heteroscedasticity
Authors: Hasler Mario , Hothorn Ludwig A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a general approach for handling multiple contrast tests for normally distributed data in the presence of heteroscedasticity. Three candidate procedures are described and compared by simulations. Only the procedure with both comparison‐specific degrees of freedom and a correlation matrix depending on sample variances maintains the α‐level over all situations. Other approaches may fail notably as the variances differ more. Furthermore, related approximate simultaneous confidence intervals are given. The approach will be applied to a toxicological experiment. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Partitioning to Uncover Conditions for Permutation Tests to Control Multiple Testing Error Rates
Authors: Calian Violeta , Li Dongmei , Hsu Jason C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis article discusses specific assumptions necessary for permutation multiple tests to control the Familywise Error Rate (FWER). At issue is that, in comparing parameters of the marginal distributions of two sets of multivariate observations, validity of permutation testing is affected by all the parameters in the joint distributions of the observations. We show the surprising fact that, in the case of a linear model with i.i.d. errors such as in the analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL), this issue has no impact on control of FWER, if the test statistic is of a particular form. On the other hand, in the analysis of gene expression levels or multiple safety endpoints, unless some assumption connecting the marginal distributions of the observations to their joint distributions is made, permutation multiple tests may not control FWER. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Stepdown Procedure with Feedback for Identifying Inferiority Among Three Treatments
Authors: Lin Chen‐ju , Hayter A. J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of identifying which treatments are strictly inferior to the best treatment or treatments in a balanced one‐way layout with three treatments, which has important applications in screening trials for new product development. A stepdown procedure is constructed that selects a subset of the treatments containing only treatments that are known to be strictly inferior to the best treatment or treatments. This stepdown procedure uses feedback from the first stage to the second stage that improves its operating characteristics. The advantages accruing from this feedback are demonstrated. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DustWatch: using community networks to improve wind erosion monitoring in Australia
Authors: Leys John , McTainsh Grant , Strong Craig , Heidenreich Stephan , Biesaga Kathryn 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEnvironmental reporting and understanding of aeolian processes at different spatial and temporal scales require both extensive temporal and spatial data sources. The Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) SYNOP data have been used for environmental reporting in Australia by McTainsh and colleagues since 1998; however, with the current trend to replace meteorological observers with automated surface observation systems such as weather stations, these data sources are not sustainable. DustWatch was established to fill some of the gaps in the BoM network by strategically adding a community network of observers and instruments. Satellite imagery is also utilized when it is available. This paper outlines the nature of the DustWatch network, describes some of the educational and awareness outputs, outlines the types of data gathered and gives examples of how the data are being used both for environmental reporting and research into aeolian processes and activity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of WEQ, RWEQ and WEPS wind erosion for different arable land management systems in the Argentinean Pampas
Authors: Buschiazzo Daniel E. , Zobeck Ted M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWind erosion is an important soil degradation process in the semi‐arid Pampas of Argentina, but no attempts have been made to predict the process in this region. One limitation for the use of event‐based wind erosion prediction models is the lack of reliable climatic data to initiate these models. As an effort to apply wind erosion models, we compared field wind erosion measurements carried out during 4 years in a bare soil reference plot (RP) and during 3 years in the same soil with different tillage conditions: conventional (CT) and no‐till (NT). Wind erosion was predicted with: (1) subroutines for single storm event versions of the wind erosion prediction system (WEPS) and the revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ), for which the climatic data of each single storm were used, and (2) the wind erosion equation (WEQ) for full rotation periods, for which long‐term climatic records (1961–2004) were used. Wind erosion field measurements were carried out with BSNE samplers in 1‐ha plots. Regression of predicted soil erosion rates from WEPS (y = 0·5192x + 0·0589, R2 = 0·89) and RWEQ (y = 0·5691x − 7·071, R2 = 0·90) predictions with field measurements of soil erosion rates obtained in RP (54·51 kg m−1 on average) were highly significant, but both models underestimated wind erosion by 40–45 per cent. Predictions of wind erosion made with RWEQ were highly sensitive to variations in the soil crusting factor (SCF), varying from 60·5 t m−1 when predictions for a single storm were made using the SCF default data to 0·699 t m−1 when SCF was deduced from visual field observations. The WEQ predictions agreed adequately with measured erosion for 16 rotation periods either when using a climatic C factor value of 92, corresponding to the 1961–2004 period (y = 0·9422x − 1·9248, R2 = 0·96) or a C factor value of 80, corresponding to the moister 1985–2004 period (y = 0·7612x − 1·5543, R2 = 0·96). Neither WEPS nor RWEQ predicted the low amounts measured in CT and NT (3·86 kg m−1 on average) for storms lasting approximately 24 hours. High plant or residue soil coverage as well as high oriented surface roughness eliminated erosion according to WEPS and RWEQ. These results indicated that WEQ can be used as a reliable prediction model for long‐term predictions of wind erosion in the semi‐arid Pampas, even when run with limited available climatic data for this region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early pyrotechnology in the Near East: Experimental lime‐plaster production at the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B site of Kfar HaHoresh, Israel
Authors: Goren Y. , Goring‐Morris A.N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA characteristic hallmark of the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in the southern Levant was the extensive use of lime plaster for architectural and other purposes. Yet no obvious kilns have been identified in archaeological contexts. Here we present details of an experimental pit‐kiln modeling lime‐plaster production based on observed burnt stone accumulations in pits at the PPNB site of Kfar HaHoresh in the lower Galilee. The experimental kiln was loaded in layers with ∼500 kg of limestone (pebbles and stones) and ∼1000 kg of fuel (branches and dung). Fired for 24 hours, and reaching a maximum 870°C, the kiln yielded almost 250 kg of quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO). Micromorphological samples, general observations, and scaled plan view drawings made immediately following and nine years after ignition demonstrate that the original shape of the kiln and residual quicklime within and around it rapidly dissipated through bioturbation, trampling by animals, erosion, rain, and exposure to the elements. This could account for the seeming absence of kilns within sites, although they were probably located close to where lime‐plaster was applied, given the unstable nature and toxic effects of handling quicklime. Calculations of the manpower and fuel involved indicate that PPNB lime‐plaster production may have been less labor intensive and less detrimental to the environment than previously portrayed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insulin producing cells derived from embryonic stem cells: Are we there yet?
Authors: Raikwar Sudhanshu P. , Zavazava Nicholas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDerivation of insulin producing cells (IPCs) from embryonic stem (ES) cells provides a potentially innovative form of treatment for type 1 diabetes. Here, we discuss the current state of the art, unique challenges, and future directions on generating IPCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 256–263, 2009. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein‐transients during heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena circularis and Cylindrospermum sp
Authors: Grover I. S. , Kaur R. , Puri S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe programme of protein synthesis accompanying cellular differentiation to the heterocyst following transfer of the blue‐green algae Anabaena circularis and Cylindrospermum sp. (CBSC 1755) from ammonia‐enriched medium to nitrogen‐free medium was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole proteins during successive intervals of differentiation. Besides this, total proteins and soluble amino acids were determined quantitatively. At least 4 sets of proteins can be distinguished on the basis of the time at which they are synthesized. Besides this, differentiation is distinguishable on the basis of the time at which their synthesis is turned off. The postmaturation stages revealed the synthesis of two sets in A. circularis and one in Cylindrospermum sp. (CBSC 1755).
Barcoding bacterial cells: a SERS‐based methodology for pathogen identification
Authors: Patel I. S. , Premasiri W. R. , Moir D. T. , Ziegler L. D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA principal component analysis (PCA) based on the sign of the second derivative of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum obtained on in situ grown Au‐cluster‐covered SiO2 substrates results in improved reproducibility and enhanced specificity for bacterial diagnostics. The barcode‐generated clustering results are systematically compared with those obtained from the corresponding spectral intensities, first derivatives and second derivatives for the SERS spectra of closely related cereus group Bacillus strains. PCA plots and the corresponding hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) dendrograms illustrate the improved bacterial identification resulting from the barcode spectral data reduction. Supervised discriminant function analysis (DFA) plots result in slightly improved group separation but show more susceptibility to false positive classifications than the corresponding PCA contours. In addition, this PCA treatment is used to highlight the enhanced bacterial species specificity observed for SERS as compared to normal bulk (non‐SERS) Raman spectra. The identification algorithm described here is critical for the development of SERS microscopy as a rapid, reagentless and portable diagnostic of bacterial pathogens. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A population based study in France
Authors: Borie Frédéric , Bouvier Anne‐Marie , Herrero Astrid , Faivre Jean , Launoy Guy , Delafosse Patricia , Velten Michel , Buemi Antoine , Peng Jun , Grosclaude Pascale , Trétarre Brigitte 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveFew data are available from population‐based statistics on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to report on their management and their prognosis in a French population.MethodsBetween 1997 and 1998, 1,007 cases of HCC were registered in nine French departments: clinical presentation of patients with and without cirrhosis were compared as well as treatment. Prognosis was determined using crude and relative survival rates. A multivariate relative survival analysis was performed. HCC was associated with cirrhosis in 795 patients (79%) and to the absence of cirrhosis in 156 (15%).ResultsWhereas the presence of symptoms was the principal mode of discovery (63% of cirrhotic cases and 70% of non‐cirrhotic cases), the follow‐up of hepatic affections revealed the cancer in respectively 26% and 3% (P = 0.001). The diagnosis was histologically verified in 50% of cirrhotic patients and 80% of non‐cirrhotic patients (P = 0.01). The size of tumours was significantly greater in non‐cirrhotic than in cirrhotic cases (P = 0.004). Treatment for cure were implemented in respectively 15% and 30% (P = 0.001), resulting in 5‐year survival rates of respectively 34% and 28%. Only 24 HCC cases received a liver transplant, with a 5‐year survival rate of 60%. Surgical resection for cure was carried out in respectively 10% and 31% of HCC and HCNC cases (P = 0.001), with a 5‐year survival rate of respectively 39% and 29%. The overall 5‐year survival rates of HCC and HCNC were respectively 6% and 9%.ConclusionHCC with and without cirrhosis has a poor prognosis with the majority of patients receiving palliative treatments, the efficiency of which is very limited. Considerable efforts are needed to develop primary and secondary prevention. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:505–509. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies of rhodamine‐123: Effect on rat prostate cancer and human prostate cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Arcadi John A. , Shankar Narayan K. , Techy Geza , Ng Chuen‐Pei , Saroufeem Ramez M. G. , Jones Lawrence W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe effect of the lipophilic, cationic dye, Rhodamine‐123 (Rh‐123), on prostate cancer in rats, and on three tumor cell lines in vitro is reported here. The general toxicity of Rh‐123 in mice has been found to be minimal. Lobund‐Wistar (L‐W) rats with the autochthonous prostate cancer of Pollard were treated for six doses with Rh‐123 at a dose of 15 mg/kg subcutaneously every other day. Microscopic examination of the tumors revealed cellular and acinar destruction. The effectiveness of Rh‐123 as a cytotoxic agent was tested by clonogenic and viability assays in vitro with three human prostate cancer cell lines. Severe (60‐95%) growth inhibition was observed following Rh‐123 exposure for 2–5 days at doses as low as 1.6 μg/ml in all three prostate cancer cell lines.
Histiocytosis syndromes in children: II. Approach to the clinical and laboratory evaluation of children with langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Broadbent Valerie , Gadner Helmut , Komp Diane M. , Ladisch Stephan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) has presented problems in diagnosis and in treatment. The definitive diagnosis is a pathologic one. To advance thorough and uniform assessment of these patients, the elements of a complete clinical and laboratory evaluation are presented by the Histiocyte Society. Adoption of a uniform clinical/laboratory approach to these children, coupled with agreed‐upon steps to the pathologic identification of LCH, should result in a better understanding and ultimately better and more rational therapies for the disease.
Annexin A2 is involved in pig (Sus scrofa)sperm‐oviduct interaction
Authors: Teijeiro Juan M. , Ignotz George G. , Marini Patricia E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe oviduct is a dynamic organ which modulates gamete physiology. Sperm‐oviduct interaction provides the formation of a sperm storage reservoir and allows the selection of sperm with certain qualities in eutherian mammals. In sows, the oviductal sperm binding glycoprotein (SBG) has been proposed to be involved in sperm selection. In this work, based on its affinity to sperm periacrosomal membrane proteins, we isolate another pig oviductal cell protein that interacts with sperm. Peptide identification by LC/MS–MS allowed the identification of this protein as annexin A2. The presence of this annexin, as well as annexin A1 and annexin A5 in sow oviductal cells was confirmed by Western blot with specific antibodies. The three proteins were localized in sow oviduct by immunohistochemistry, showing the presence of annexin A2 at the apical surface of the oviductal epithelial cells. Based on our data and the fact that annexins have been stated as candidate receptors of bovine sperm for sperm reservoir formation, we propose that this family of proteins is involved in sperm‐oviduct interaction, annexin A2 being the main sperm binding isoform in pig. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 334–341, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early neurophysiological evolution of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Bairactaris Chrisostomos , Stouraitis Georgios , Papalias Elias , Fakas Nikolaos , Papatheodorou Georgios , Gourtzelidis Pavlos 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA patient with a known history of hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis presented with a subacute, progressive sensorimotor deficit that affected the upper limbs predominantly. The electrophysiological findings progressively evolved from multifocal motor conduction block to multifocal demyelinating sensory and motor nerve involvement with conduction block, and finally to findings fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). The patient did not respond adequately to intravenous immunoglobulin, whereas oral prednisone led to fast and complete recovery. This report discusses the evolution of early findings of CIDP, as well as its coexistence with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Muscle Nerve, 2008
The Young Diabetologists Forum (Diabetes UK)/ABCD trainee survey
Authors: Kar P , Higgins K , Atkin M , Richardson T 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe Young Diabetologists Forum (YDF) is a forum for diabetes trainees in the UK. With help from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD), the YDF set up an audit amongst diabetes trainees to understand their feelings about the changing structure of diabetes care, present training needs and future job situations.A 24‐question e‐questionnaire was set up. All diabetes trainees were sent invitations to participate in this e‐based audit, via e‐mail.There were 192 respondents (42% of current trainees). Of these, 63% were male, and 60% were UK graduates. Twenty‐three percent intended to work, as a consultant, in a teaching hospital, 31% in a district general hospital; 65% would like to work full time as a consultant, 28% part time. Sixteen percent intended to work in the community full time while 54% would consider that option part time with the rest of sessions being in secondary care. However, 85% had not had any training relating to working in the community. In all, 54% did not want to be involved in acute medicine; 65% felt that they would still choose the same specialty given another choice while 16% would not. A total of 96% of trainees were worried over future job prospects; 63% felt negative—to some degree—about the ‘changing world of diabetes’.The audit highlights the significant worry amongst trainees about future job prospects. If plans are to base specialty care predominantly in the community, then this is not reflected, at present, in the training curriculum. For the sake of trainees present and future, a manifest role for a specialist diabetologist, in the primary or secondary care setting, needs to be clearly defined—to help stop the erosion of morale and instil confidence in trainees about their position as specialists in diabetes care. Copyright ©2008 John Wiley & Sons.
Synthesis, mechanism of action, and QSAR of herbicidal 3‐substituted‐2‐aryl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindazoles
Authors: Lyga John W. , Patera Russell M. , Plummer Marjorie J. , Halling Blaik P. , Yuhas Debra A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA factorially designed set of 3‐substituted 2‐aryl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroindazoles was synthesized and their herbicidal properties were evaluated using regression analysis. For optimal activity, the substituent at position 3 should be neither strongly hydrophobic nor hydrophilic and should have a small minimum radius. A study of the mechanism of action indicated that the tetrahydroindazoles are inhibitors of the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase.
The Thermodynamics of Thermally‐Activated Dislocation Glide
Authors: Gibbs G. B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA general thermodynamic treatment of thermally‐activated glide is given and the following features discussed: the meaning of force‐distance curves for dislocation‐obstacle interaction, the effect of temperature‐variations of internal stress on the activation enthalpy, temperature‐dependence of flow stress at constant strain‐rate and its relation with the stress‐dependence of activation volume; differences in behaviour between rigid obstacles (precipitate particles, “Seeger zones”) and deformable obstacles (forest dislocations). Application of the theory to “forest” hardening, precipitation hardening and irradiation hardening is outlined.