bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Chiral Mesopores in Conducting Polymers by Chiral‐Lipid‐Ribbon Templating and “Seeding” Route
Authors: Fan Chaxing , Qiu Huibin , Ruan Juanfang , Terasaki Osamu , Yan Yong , Wei Zhixiang , Che Shunai 
Published: July 2008

AbstractConducting polymer nanofibers with controllable chiral mesopores in the size, the shape, and handedness have been synthesized by chiral lipid ribbon templating and “seeding” route. Chiral mesoporous conducting poly(pyrrole) (CMPP) synthesized with very small amount of chiral amphiphilic molecules (usually < 3%) has helically twisted channels with well‐defined controllable pore size of 5–20 nm in central axis of the twisted fibers. The structure and chirality of helical mesopores have been characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron tomography. The average pore diameters of chiral mesopores were approximately estimated from the N2 adsorption–desorption data and calculated by the conversion calculation from helical ribbons to a rectangular straight tape. The pore size of CMPP has been controlled by choosing different alkyl chain lengths of chiral lipid molecules or precisely adjusting the H2O/EtOH volume ratio.
Facile Creation of Biomimetic Systems at the Interface and in Bulk
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhao Ning , Liang Songmiao , Lu Xiaoying , Li Xiaofen , Xie Qiongdan , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Jian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNature always gives us inspiration for the fabrication of functional materials by mimicking the structural design or stimuli‐responsive capability of biomaterials. However, the strict preparation conditions, multistep processes, and high cost of the methods to create biomimetic systems at the interface and in bulk limit their practical applications. Therefore, development of a simple, cheap, but effective method has become the focus of our research in this field. In this feature article, facile methods for creating lotus‐leaf‐like micro‐nano‐binary structured superhydrophobic or superamphiphobic surfaces based on different mechanisms, i.e., solvent‐induced phase separation of a polymer blend solution, self‐assembly of a copolymer micelle solution, and solvent‐induced crystallization, are summarized. Moreover, progress into the investigation on the special microstructures that induce unique wetting properties are also introduced. As an effective biomimetic bulk system, a unique swift stimuli‐responsive gel actuator has been developed under a non‐contact electronic field in air. Artificial muscles with path‐controlled or self‐governing long‐range locomotion can be realized by using these stimuli‐responsive polymer gels on the basis of the extraordinary driving mechanisms.magnified image
The evolution of brachiation in ateline primates, ancestral character states and history
Authors: Jones Andrea L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study examines how brachiation locomotion evolved in ateline primates using recently‐developed molecular phylogenies and character reconstruction algorithms, and a newly‐collected dataset including the fossils Protopithecus, Caipora, and Cebupithecia. Fossils are added to two platyrrhine molecular phylogenies to create several phylogenetic scenarios. A generalized least squares algorithm reconstructs ateline and atelin ancestral character states for 17 characters that differentiate between ateline brachiators and nonbrachiators. Histories of these characters are mapped out on these phylogenies, producing two scenarios of ateline brachiation evolution that have four commonalities: First, many characters change towards the Ateles condition on the ateline stem lineage before Alouatta splits off from the atelins, suggesting that an ateline energy‐maximizing strategy began before the atelines diversified. Second, the ateline last common ancestor is always reconstructed as an agile quadruped, usually with suspensory abilities. It is never exactly like Alouatta and many characters reverse and change towards the Alouatta condition after Alouatta separates from the atelins. Third, most characters undergo homoplastic change in all ateline lineages, especially on the Ateles and Brachyteles terminal branches. Fourth, ateline character evolution probably went through a hindlimb suspension with tail‐bracing phase. The atelines most likely diversified via a quick adaptive radiation, with bursts of punctuated change occurring in their postcranial skeletons, due to changing climatic conditions, which may have caused competition among the atelines and between atelines and pitheciines. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight structure determination of complex thermoset networks: Polyflavonoid tannin–furanic rigid foams
Authors: Pizzi A. , Tondi G. , Pasch H. , Celzard A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPolyflavonoid tannin–formaldehyde–furfuryl alcohol rigid foams yield hardened, rigid, tridimensional networks in which there are covalently linked structures derived from the reaction of their main components. Thus, polyflavonoid tannin structures, tannin–formaldehyde structures, furanic structures derived by the self‐condensation of furfuryl alcohol, and mixed tannin–furane and tannin–furane–formaldehyde structures are all present in the continuous foam networks. Some complex, tridimensional structures involving tannin's flavonoid units, furan nuclei, and formaldehyde‐derived methylene bridges appear to be formed too. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry has been used to determine the different segments contributing to forming the complex thermosetting networks of the hardened foams. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Investigation of the oxygen depletion properties of novel oxygen‐scavenging plastics
Authors: Yeh Jen‐Taut , Cui Li , Chang Chang‐Jung , Jiang Tao , Chen Kan‐Nan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe oxygen depletion and tensile properties of EVA resins blended with varying compositions and sizes of iron (Fe), modified iron (MFe) and ascorbic acid (Vc) oxygen scavengers were systematically investigated. After blending Vc together with varying sizes of MFe in EVA resins, “synergistic” oxygen depletion properties were found in each EVcMFe‐30, EVcMFe‐5, and EVcMFe‐1 series samples, as their weight ratios of Vc to MFe are between 3/7 to 5/5, 3/7 to 7/3 and 1/9 to 9/1, respectively. The oxygen depletion rates of EVcMFe series samples increase significantly as the particle sizes of MFe powders reduce. In fact, the oxygen‐scavenging resins with better oxygen depletion properties always result in lower peroxide values for modeled food samples stored in the airtight flasks of EVcMFe series samples. Further tensile experiments show that the tensile properties of the EVcMFe series samples increase significantly as their Vc loadings or the sizes of the MFe powders reduce. To understand these interesting oxygen depletion, lipid oxidation, and tensile properties of EVcMFe series samples, SEM and EDX analysis of the compositions on the surfaces of EVcMFe series samples were performed. Possible mechanisms accounting for these interesting properties of EVc, EFe, EMFe, and EVcMFe series samples are proposed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Chinese pronominal anaphora resolution using lexical knowledge and entropy‐based weight
Authors: Wu Dian‐Song , Liang Tyne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPronominal anaphors are commonly observed in written texts. In this article, effective Chinese pronominal anaphora resolution is addressed by using lexical knowledge acquisition and salience measurement. The lexical knowledge acquisition is aimed to extract more semantic features, such as gender, number, and collocate compatibility by employing multiple resources. The presented salience measurement is based on entropy‐based weighting on selecting antecedent candidates. The resolution is justified with a real corpus and compared with a rule‐based model. Experimental results by five‐fold cross‐validation show that our approach yields 82.5% success rate on 1343 anaphoric instances. In comparison with a general rule‐based approach, the performance is improved by 7%.
Embryotoxicity of artesunate in animal species related to drug tissue distribution and toxicokinetic profiles
Authors: Li Qigui , Si Yuanzheng , Smith Kirsten S. , Zeng Qiang , Weina Peter J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Injectable artesunate (AS) can cause fetal death and teratogenic effects in animals at levels below the human therapeutic dose. Similar toxicity has also been found for oral artemisinins in various animal species, but has not been found in humans.METHODS: Studies on tissue distribution (5 mg/kg) and toxicokinetics (TK, 30 mg/kg × 3) were conducted in pregnant (GD11–13) and non‐pregnant rats.RESULTS: TK profiles of AS showed that the two groups of rats were similar after a single AS dose but were significantly different after multiple doses. Following a daily dose for 3 days, no change in AS concentration was found in the pregnant animals, but a significant concentration decline was seen in the non‐pregnant rats on day 3. In addition, a higher conversion rate of AS to dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was detected in the pregnant rats after either single or multiple doses compared to non‐pregnant controls. The ratios of AUCDHA/AUCAS were 0.99–1.02 for the pregnant rats and 0.42–0.48 for non‐pregnant animals, resulting in a total AUCDHA D1–3 that was about 3.7‐fold higher in pregnant rats (15,049 ng·h/ml) than in non‐pregnant rats (4,015 ng·h/ml). Furthermore, the tissue/blood partition coefficients demonstrated that the level of radiolabeled AS that was distributed into uterus, placenta, and ovary was 2–4‐fold higher than in blood.CONCLUSIONS: TK data showed that unchanged AS and DHA in the blood of pregnant rats were 1.53‐ and 3.74‐fold, respectively, higher than those of non‐pregnant animals, which all likely relate to the severe embryotoxicity of AS, even with a low‐dosage regimen in pregnant animals. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2008. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurite outgrowth of NG108‐15 cells induced by heat shock protein 90 inhibitors
Authors: Jin Erika , Sano Mamoru 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe previously reported that radicicol (Rad) and geldanamycin (Geld), heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors, potentiate neurite growth of cultured sensory neurons from chick embryo. We now show that the antibiotics induce neurite growth in NG108‐15 cells. Treatment of the cells with these drugs caused transient decrease in protein levels of Raf1, ERK1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2, Akt1, and CDK4. The neurite growth of NG108‐15 induced by the inhibitors was blocked by actynomycin D, but the neurite growth stimulated by dbcAMP in the cells was not affected. The neurite growth could be due to a change in the synthesis of some specific protein(s) and is speculated to be due to the transient downregulation of particular‐signaling molecules stabilized by Hsp90. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MTHFR C677T polymorphism in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nisevic Ivan , Dinic Jelena , Nikolic Aleksandra , Djordjevic Valentina , Lukic Snezana , Ugljesic Milenko , Andjelic‐Jelic Marina , Petrovic‐Stanojevic Natasa , Radojkovic Dragica 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma are extensively studied as common and potentially lethal disorders. However, their causes and genetic background in most cases remain unclear. The C677T polymorphism in 5′,10′‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene may modulate the risk of pancreatic disorders. In this study, we tested whether MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the Serbian population. DNA was extracted from blood samples of 51 chronic pancreatitis patients, 21 pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients, and a control group consisting of 50 healthy smokers. The MTHFR C677T polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) technique. Although, no statistically significant differences were observed in the distribution of MTHFR genotype or allele frequencies between patients and control groups, the results showed an increased frequency of homozygotes for MTHFR C677T polymorphism in chronic pancreatitis patients (14%) and a decreased frequency in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients (5%) in comparison to the control group (8%). We speculate that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism could act as a possible risk factor for chronic pancreatitis and a possible protective factor in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This observation needs further investigation in prospective studies on a larger number of patients, in which the effect of other genetic and environmental factors should also be taken into consideration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TGF‐α induces upregulation and nuclear translocation of Hes1 in glioma cell
Authors: Zheng Yingfeng , Lin Ling , Zheng Zhihong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBoth the Notch‐signaling pathway and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) cascade are involved in a wide variety of biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and tumorigenesis. Their dysregulation in recent studies have been shown to be associated with glioma formation. Here, we show that transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α) stimulated glioma cell line U251 growth and can partly compensate for the inhibitory effect of Notch‐signaling inhibitor DAPT. The effect of TGF‐α on ERK1/2 phosphorylation was prompt and transient and could be inhibited by mitogen‐activated/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) specific inhibitor PD98059. Moreover, TGF‐α was capable of up‐regulating Hairy‐enhancer of split1 (Hes1) expression which was independent of Notch1 activation, and of introducing Hes1 nuclear import in the presence of ERK1/2 activation. Collectively, our data suggest a potential linkage between ERK activation and the Notch‐signaling pathway. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Study of Simple Versus Complex Stenting of Coronary Artery Bifurcation Lesions in Daily Practice in Chinese Patients
Authors: Gao Zhan , Yang Yue Jin , Gao Run Lin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundRecently, several randomized and controlled trials have demonstrated great advantages of a drug‐eluting stent (DES) with respect to significant reduction in restenosis and recurrence of symptoms, and improvement in clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Little is known about the comparative effects of the 1‐DES plus the kissing balloon technique with the 2‐DES for bifurcation angioplasty in a Chinese population.MethodsFrom April 2004 to June 2006, 566 consecutive Chinese patients underwent DES implantation for true bifurcation lesions, including 346 1‐DES with the kissing balloon technique (300 male, 57.7 ± 11.5 y old) and 220 2‐DES (183 male, 58.1 ± 10.7 y old) were analyzed. Clinical and angiographic follow‐up was performed after 7 mo.ResultsThe major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates were higher in the 2‐DES group than in the 1‐DES group (5.5% versus 2.0%; p = 0.032), which was mainly contributed to by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (4.5% versus 1.4%; p = 0.032), rather than death and target lesion revascularization (TLR) (0% versus 0.5%; p = 0.389, 1.4% versus 2.7%; p = 0.352). Stent thrombosis rates were higher in the 2‐DES group than in the 1‐DES group (0.6% versus 2.7%; p = 0.042), except for 1 late‐stent thrombosis in the 2‐DES group, and all of them were subacute stent thrombosis (2 in the 1‐DES group and 5 in the 2‐DES group). The 7 mo angiographic follow‐up rate was 36.4%. In the main branch there was no difference in restenosis rate in the 1‐DES group compared with the 2‐DES group (9.8% versus 11.9%; p = 0.652), but in the side branch the restenosis rate was higher in the 1‐DES group (33.6% versus 15.5%; p = 0.004). However, there was no difference in in‐segment late loss between the 2 groups, either in the main or side branch.ConclusionCompared with the 2‐DES strategy, if a final kissing balloon could be achieved, the 1‐DES strategy may be more efficient and safe. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of Left Ventricular Mass by Contrast Ventriculography
Authors: Chhatriwalla Adnan K. , Kramer Christopher M. , Peixoto Aldo J. , Samady Habib 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundElevated left ventricular mass (LVM) has been shown to be an important predictor of adverse cardiac events. Calculation of LVM using contrast ventriculography, as described by Rackley, involves measuring left ventricular wall thickness in a single plane, with assumptions made about ventricular geometry.HypothesisWe hypothesized that a modification of the Rackley method, involving multiple measurements of left ventricular (LV) wall thickness in 2 orthogonal planes, may add value in the determination of LVM in patients with LV remodeling and dysfunction.MethodsThe LVM was determined in 24 patients with LV dysfunction who had undergone both cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) and contrast left ventriculography. Right anterior oblique (RAO) and left anterior oblique (LAO) still frames in diastole were used to measure LV length, chamber area, and wall thickness. From these variables, LV volume, myocardial volume, and LVM were calculated. The LVM calculations using an average wall thickness from the LAO and RAO projections were compared with LVM measured by CMRI.ResultsEighty eight percent of patients had hypertension, 100% had coronary artery disease, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction by contrast left ventriculography was 41 ± 14%. Averaging left ventricular wall thickness from RAO and LAO projections using biplane ventriculography for LVM calculation yielded a strong correlation (r = 0.77, p < 0.01) with LVM calculated from CMR.ConclusionsIn patients with left ventricular dysfunction, biplane left ventricular wall thickness measurements for contrast ventriculography LVM calculations render a strong correlation with LVM calculated by CMRI. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Small Heart Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Miwa Kunihisa , Fujita Masatoshi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundSmall heart syndrome has previously been reported as neurocirculatory asthenia, associated with a small heart shadow on a chest roentgenogram. This is characterized as weakness or fatigue even after ordinary exertion, palpitation, dyspnea, and fainting, resembling patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).HypothesisSmall heart syndrome may be prevalent in patients with CFS.MethodsThe study population consisted of 56 patients (<50 y of age) with CFS, and 38 control subjects. Chest roentgenographic, echocardiographic, and physical examinations were performed.ResultsSmall heart syndrome (cardiothoracic ratio ≤ 42%) was significantly more prevalent in the CFS group (61%) than in the control group (24%) (p < 0.01). In CFS patients with a small heart (n = 34), narrow chest (88%), orthostatic dizziness (44%), foot coldness (41%), pretibial pitting edema (32%), r‐kidney palpability (47%), and mitral valve prolapse (29%), were all significantly more prevalent than in the control group, and also in the CFS patients without small heart syndrome. Echocardiographic examination demonstrated significantly smaller values of both the left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic dimensions and end‐systolic, and stroke volume and cardiac indexes in CFS with a small heart, as compared with control subjects with a normal heart size (42% < cardiothoracic ratio < 50%).ConclusionsA considerable number of CFS patients have a small heart. Small heart syndrome may contribute to the development of CFS as a constitutional factor predisposing to fatigue, and may be included in the genesis of CFS. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding the Understanding of the Treatment of Chronic Angina: A 21st Century Approach–Part II
Authors: Richard Conti C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThree randomized, clinical trials of the drug ranolazine relate to patients with symptomatic myocardial ischemia. A fourth randomized, controlled, clinical trial compares optimal medical therapy with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) plus medical therapy. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global robust stability of interval delayed neural networks: Modified approach
Authors: Singh Vimal 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA criterion for the global robust stability of Hopfield‐type delayed neural networks with the intervalized network parameters is presented. The criterion, which is derived by utilizing the idea of splitting the given interval into two intervals, is in the form of linear matrix inequality and, hence, computationally tractable. The criterion yields a less conservative condition compared with many recently reported criteria, as is demonstrated with an example. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy among patients with newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Isak Baris , Oflazoǧlu Buket , Tanrıdag Tulin , Yitmen Irem , Us Onder 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundWe have aimed to investigate the presence of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy in individuals who had been diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) on the basis of an oral glucose tolerance test, by comparing with age‐matched healthy subjects with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in normoglycemic ranges.Material and methodsConventional nerve conduction studies, heart rate variation variability, heart rate response to deep breathing, heart rate response to valsalva maneuvre, blood pressure response to standing up quickly, hand grip test and sympathetic skin response tests were used to evaluate the IGT and the control subjects.ResultsNo obvious statistical difference indicating peripheral neuropathy and/or cardiac autonomic neuropathy was detected between patient group and controls. Amplitudes of sympathetic skin response of two limbs (right upper and lower extremities) were lower in the IGT patient group when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05) indicating the presence of sudomotor autonomic neuropathy.ConclusionComplaints and neurological examinations of patients with IGT were thought to be consistent with small‐fiber neuropathy in the early phase of glucose intolerance. Not detecting any neuropathic findings in conventional electroneurography should be attributed to insufficient time allowed for settling down of large‐fiber neuropathy. Obtaining no response in some of the patients in addition to general decrease in the amplitudes of sympathetic skin responses indicates that sudomotor fibers tend to be affected earlier in autonomic neuropathy in the group with IGT when compared with healthy controls. Newly diagnosed IGT patients take receive priority in primary protection since the time for settling down of cardiac autonomic neuropathy was short. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying students feigning dyslexia: preliminary findings and strategies for detection
Authors: Harrison Allyson G. , Edwards Melanie J. , Parker Kevin C. H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWhen conducting psychological evaluations, clinicians typically assume that individuals being evaluated are putting forth maximal effort and are not exaggerating or magnifying symptom complaints. Recent research, however, suggests that students undergoing post‐secondary‐level assessments to document learning difficulties may not always put forth their best effort, and may even be motivated to exaggerate or magnify symptoms. This paper presents evidence indicating that symptom exaggeration in this context is not only possible, but is indistinguishable from valid symptomatology when it occurs. We argue that symptom validity assessment should be included in all higher‐education assessments for dyslexia and other specific learning disorders, and suggest some preliminary strategies for detection. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.