bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐case postpartum psychoses in Eastern Turkey: a clinical case and follow‐up study
Authors: Kirpinar I. , CosLkun I. , Çayköylü A. , Özer SL. Anaç. H. 
Published: November 2007

Kirpinar I, CosLkun I, Çayköylü A, Anaq SL, Özer H. First‐case postpartum psychoses in Eastern Turkey: a clinical case and follow‐up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 199–204. © Munksgaard 1999.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinico‐demographic features and long‐term course of postpartum psychosis (PPP).Method: A total of 64 in‐patients with psychotic postpartum disorder, who were admitted for the first time to a psychiatry clinic, were re‐examined retrospectively and then compared with 64 control patients. Follow‐up investigation was carried out either by interviewing the patients personally or with the help of general practitioners (GPs). All patients were rediagnosed according to DSM‐TV.Results: The majority of PPP patients were young, married, primiparae, had a low educational level and were living in rural areas. The mean onset time of PPP after delivery was 3.62 weeks. More than 75% of the patients with PPP had further psychotic episodes during the follow‐up period of 11 years; 42% of the puerperal cases were diagnosed as schizophrenia at the follow‐up investigation, and 59.3′% of the patients had confuso‐oneiroid syndrome.Conclusion: These findings, unlike those of the Western studies, demonstrate that PPP is not uniform in different populations.
Short stature and poor psychological performance: risk factors for attempted suicide among Swedish male conscripts
Authors: Jiang G.‐X. , Rasmussen F. , Wasserman D. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveTo investigate potential risk factors of attempted suicide among young male conscripts without previous attempts.MethodsA nation‐wide cohort of young men in Sweden was followed to observe the occurrence of attempted suicide after military‐enlistment examination. Information from the examination was linked with data from national hospital in‐patient and other registries.Results150 395 Swedish young men born during 1973–75 were followed for up to 2 years. One hundred and fifty‐five people made suicide attempts during the follow‐up period. Body height, suitability for being an officer and performance in a logic test at the examination were included in a final multivariate Cox regression model, and found to be significantly inversely associated with the risk of attempted suicide.ConclusionThe results suggest for the first time that short stature and poor psychological performance at conscription examination may be helpful to identify groups with increased risk of attempted suicide during 1–1.5 years after enlistment.
Bulimia and bulimic behaviour in middle adolescence: more common than thought?
Authors: Kaltiala‐Heino R. , Rissanen A. , Rimpela M. , Rantanen P. 
Published: November 2007

Kaltiala‐Heino R, Rissanen A, Rimpelä M, Rantanen P. Bulimia and bulimic behaviour in middle adolescence: more common than thought? Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 33–39. © Munksgaard 1999.Objective: Studies on the prevalence of bulimia and bulimic behaviour have focused on female populations from their late teens. This study assesses the prevalence of bulimia and bulimic behaviour in 14– to 16‐year‐old adolescents. Biological, sociodemographic and social correlates of these disorders are sought.Method A self‐report questionnaire was administered to pupils of the 8th and 9th grades of secondary school in four regions of Finland. In total, 4453 girls and 4334 boys aged 14 to 16 years participated. Results: Bulimia was detected in 1.8% of girls and 0.3% of boys. Bulimic eating behaviour was reported by 14.4% of subjects. Sociodemographic variables were not associated with increased risk. Bulimia was associated with being bullied by peers and higher than average weight in both sexes.Conclusion: Bulimia and bulimic eating behaviour appear to be more common than was previously thought in middle adolescence, and also among boys. Bulimia deserves more attention in younger age groups than main risk groups so far considered.
Is phase‐specific, community‐oriented treatment of early psychosis‐ an economically viable method of improving outcome?
Authors: Mihalopoulos C. , McGorry P. D. , Carter R. C. 
Published: November 2007

Mihalopoulos C, McGorry PD, Carter RC. Is phase‐specific, community‐oriented treatment of early psychosis an economically viable method of improving outcome?Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 47–55. © Munksgaard 1999.Objective: The Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC) provides a comprehensive ‘real‐world’ model of early intervention to young people experiencing an emerging psychotic disorder. A prospective study has already provided evidence of improved clinical outcome at 12 months after entry. The present study examined whether the service was also cost‐effective.Method: A cost‐effectiveness analysis compared EPPIC with its immediate precursor service, from the perspective of the government funding agency. Only direct costs were included.Results: EPPIC proved to be more cost‐effective. The weighted average cost per patient for the first 12 months was cheaper (by äD 7110 per patient), while treatment outcomes were superior. The savings were due to the marked reduction in in‐patient costs outweighing substantial increases in the costs of community care.Conclusion: These results, while encouraging in terms of the further development of integrated, phase‐specific intervention programmes for early psychosis, are not conclusive, and further research is required.
Regional cerebral blood flow and depersonalization after tetrahydrocannabinol adrninistration
Authors: Mathew R. J. , Wilson W. H. , Chiu N.Y. , Turkington T. G. , Degrado T. R. , Coleman R. E. 
Published: November 2007

Mathew RJ, Wilson WH, Chiu NY, Turkington TG, Degrado TR, Coleman RE. Regional cerebral blood flow and depersonalization after tetrahydrocannabinol administration.Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 67–75. © Munksgaard 1999.Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between depersonalization induced by tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and regional brain activation.Method Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by means of positron emission tomography (PET) in 59 normal right‐handed volunteers before and following intravenous infusions of THC.Results: After THC, CBF showed a global increase which was more marked in the right hemisphere, frontal lobes and anterior cingulate.Conclusion: Regression analyses showed positive correlations between the right frontal and anterior cingulate and depersonalization.
Simple method for determination of oxalic acid in forages using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mijanur , Niimi Mitsuhiro , Kawamura Osamu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe established a simple method for determination of oxalate in forage grasses using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an anion analysis column (Shodex 1C SI‐90 4E) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) as eluent. Oxalate was determined after extraction with water or 1 mol HCl (soluble form or total, respectively). Insoluble oxalate was estimated as the difference between total oxalates and soluble form. Recovery of oxalate after HPLC was above 97%. Oxalates in forages could be successfully determined by this method. The method was simple, fast and inexpensive.
Estimation of plant biomass and plant water mass through dimensional measurements of plant volume in the Dund‐Govi Province, Mongolia
Authors: Hirata Masahiro , Oishi Kazato , Muramatu Kanako , Xiong Yuu , Kaihotu Ichirow , Nishiwaki Aya , Ishida Jyoken , Hirooka Hiroyuki , Hanada Masaaki , Toukura Yuji , Hongo Akio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree types of functions (linear, quadratic and logarithmic) and independent variables (height, crown area/coverage and volume) were examined to develop the best regression equation for the estimation of plant biomass (shrub and tall herbaceous plant: g dry matter [DM][plant]−1; dwarf shrub and short herbaceous plant: g DM [0.25 m2]−1) and plant water mass (shrub and tall herbaceous plant: g H2O [plant]−1; dwarf shrub and short herbaceous plant: g H2O [0.25 m2]−1) by dimensional measurements in the arid area of Dund‐Govi Province, Mongolia. Five dominant shrubs including one dwarf shrub, one tall grass and nine short herbaceous plants were investigated in this study. According to coefficients of determination (r2), simple and easy calculation, and avoidance of large error occurrence in the estimation, it was indicated that the linear regression equation with the dimensional volume was best applicable to estimate the plant biomass and the plant water mass of the dominant shrubs and herbaceous plants. Residual error values (absolute values of errors between the estimation and the measurement) and residual error ratios (ratios of residual errors) were calculated to validate the accuracy of the estimated values obtained from linear regression equations of each plant. Although the residual error values increased with the increase in total plant biomass (g DM m−2) and total plant water mass (g H2O m−2) per unit area, the residual error ratios tended to decrease with the increase in those total amounts. 82.6% of the estimated total plant biomass and 67.4% of the estimated total plant water mass fell within ±40% of the residual error ratios, respectively. Hence, it was indicated that the total plant biomass and the total plant water mass per unit area could possibly be estimated by the use of each linear regression equation.
Effect of herbage mass on the selection and use by cattle of fine‐scale locations in a progressively grazed tropical grass pasture
Authors: Hirata Masahiko , Ogura Shin‐ichiro , Hasegawa Hitomi , Maćešić Dubravko 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study quantified herbage mass and feeding behavior by animals at a fine spatial scale, in a 1.1‐ha bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) pasture progressively (4 or 5 days) grazed by a herd of 32–33 beef cows and 8–13 calves in three seasons (spring, summer and autumn). Herbage mass was nondestructively estimated every day, using an electronic capacitance probe, at 91 fixed locations (50 cm × 50 cm; approximating a feeding station scale) along a permanent line transect. At the same time, selection and use of the individual locations by cows were measured every day, in terms of the number of visits, number of bites and residence time. Vegetation of the pasture created a trade‐off between availability (herbage mass) and quality (nitrogen concentration, dry matter digestibility) in summer and autumn but not in spring. There were always considerable location‐to‐location variations in the feeding behavior of animals; that is, some locations were not visited and bitten at all or were visited infrequently (once or twice daily) and grazed only for a short time (<10 s daily) receiving relatively few bites (<10 bites daily), whereas some locations were frequently visited (5–10 times daily) and utilized for a long period (>30 s daily) receiving many bites (>30 bites daily). Although regression analysis showed a tendency for animals to select and use locations with higher herbage mass in spring and those with lower or intermediate herbage mass in autumn as a result of the seasonally different availability–quality relationships, neither herbage mass nor herbage quality was an absolute factor determining the choice and use of locations by animals. The results show that the choice and use of fine‐scale locations by animals foraging in actual grasslands are not fully explained by major forage factors such as mass, nitrogen and digestibility.
Hydrogeological characteristics of a groundwater‐dependent ecosystem (La Lantejuela, Spain)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Miguel , Moral Francisco , Benavente Jose 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBy means of a simple water balance model, together with hydrogeochemical and morphological interpretation, the hydrogeological characteristics of a series of playa lakes forming an endorheic complex within the Guadalquivir river basin in Southern Spain (La Lantejuela) have been evaluated. The lakes are demonstrated to be groundwater‐dependent ecosystems. The main source of groundwater input to the lakes is from an unconfined detritic aquifer, the playa lakes being the natural discharge points from the aquifer within the endorheic complex. High rates of evaporation from the lakes induce a centripetal groundwater flow pattern. This water body has been disturbed by a combination of extensive drainage works and intensive groundwater abstraction. There is a need for a sustainable water management strategy for the whole catchment area. It is hoped this will be an issue addressed within the Guadalquivir river basin management plan in accordance with the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD).
Variation in blubber fatty acid composition among marine mammals in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Thiemann Gregory W. , Iverson Sara J. , Stirling Ian 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe composition of predator adipose stores can provide important insights into foraging patterns and the ecological relationships among species. We determined the fatty acid (FA) composition of 843 blubber samples from 80 bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus), 33 harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), 239 harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus), 32 hooded seals (Cystophora cristata), 281 ringed seals (Phoca hispida), 53 walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), 105 beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), and 20 narwhals (Monodon monoceros) across the Canadian Arctic to examine patterns of variability among and within species. FA signatures accurately distinguished phocid seals, walruses, and whales. Belugas and narwhals had the most similar FA signatures of any two species, suggesting substantial overlap in their diets, especially in the narwhal‐wintering area off eastern Baffin Island. Among phocid seals, harp and hooded seals had the most similar FA signatures. Bearded seals were most similar to walruses, which was consistent with the benthic feeding habits of both species. Within species, geographic differences in FA signatures were found over both large (>4,000 km) and small (<100 km) spatial scales. Overall, within‐species differences were smaller than among‐species differences. In general, FA signature patterns were consistent with previous studies of the ecology and diets of arctic marine mammals.
Seascapes of fear: evaluating sublethal predator effects experienced and generated by marine mammals
Authors: Wirsing Aaron J. , Heithaus Michael R. , Frid Alejandro , Dill Lawrence M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe notion that predators can affect their prey without killing them is widely supported in the ecological literature yet rarely applied by marine mammal studies. We present three case studies in which patterns of time allocation by individual marine mammal foragers were used to index the sublethal effects of predators on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.), harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), and dugongs (Dugong dugon). In each case, foraging individuals optimized energy gain and safety from predators by spending less time in more profitable but dangerous patches or decreasing their use of risky feeding tactics that would increase net energy gain. By implication, marine mammals are subject to the non consumptive effects of their predators (i.e., to intimidation), and fear can mediate their impacts on their resources. We suggest, therefore, that future studies quantify patterns of time allocation to measure sublethal effects of predators on marine mammals, as well as the capacity of marine mammals to have sublethal effects on their own prey. We argue that such an approach is important because non consumptive effects may be of greater magnitude than lethal effects of predators, and information on sublethal effects of predators can inform conservation plans and studies of community structure.
c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase 2 Inhibits Gamma Interferon Production duringAnaplasma phagocytophilumInfection
Authors: Pedra Joao H. F. , Mattner Jochen , Tao Jian , Kerfoot Steven M. , Davis Roger J. , Flavell Richard A. , Askenase Philip W. , Yin Zhinan , Fikrig Erol 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTGamma interferon (IFN-γ) plays a critical role in the early eradication ofAnaplasma phagocytophilum. However, the mechanisms that regulate IFN-γ production upon infection remain poorly understood. Here we show that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) inhibits IFN-γ production duringA. phagocytophiluminfection.jnk2-null mice were more refractory to infection withA. phagocytophilumand produced increased levels of IFN-γ after challenge with the pathogen. The resistance ofjnk2-null mice toA. phagocytophiluminfection was due to elevated levels of IFN-γ secreted by conventional and natural killer (NK) T cells. The administration of α-galactosylceramide, a strong NK T-cell agonist, increased IFN-γ release and protected mice fromA. phagocytophilum, further demonstrating the inhibitory effect of JNK2 on IFN-γ production. Collectively, these findings provide strong evidence that JNK2 is an important regulatory protein for IFN-γ secretion upon challenge withA. phagocytophilum.
Effects of CXCL10 on Dendritic Cell and CD4+T-Cell Functions duringLeishmania amazonensisInfection
Authors: Vasquez René E. , Xin Lijun , Soong Lynn 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTLeishmania amazonensiscan cause progressive disease in most inbred strains of mice. We have previously reported that treatment with CXCL10 activates macrophage (MΦ) effector function(s) in parasite killing and significantly delays lesion development in susceptible C57BL/6 mice via enhanced gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) secretion; however, the mechanism underlying this enhanced immunity againstL. amazonensisinfection remains largely unresolved. In this study, we utilized stationary promastigotes to infect bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) of C57BL/6 mice and assessed the activation of DC subsets and the capacity of these DC subsets to prime CD4+T cells in vitro. We found that CXCL10 induced IL-12 p40 production but reduced IL-10 production in uninfected DCs. YetL. amazonensis-infected DCs produced elevated levels of IL-10 despite CXCL10 treatment. Elimination of endogenous IL-10 led to increased IL-12 p40 production in DCs as well as increased proliferation and IFN-γ production by in vitro-primed CD4+T cells. In addition, CXCL10-treated CD4+T cells became more responsive to IL-12 via increased expression of the IL-12 receptor β2chain and produced elevated levels of IFN-γ. This report indicates the utility of CXCL10 in generating a Th1-favored, proinflammatory response, which is a prerequisite for controllingLeishmaniainfection.
Site investigations in coalfields—the problem of shallow mine workings
Authors: Taylor R. K. 
Published: November 2007

AUTHOR'S REPLY:

I would like to thank Mr Short for his kind remarks and for the historical information relating to ‘bell-pits’ and the interesting troglodyte dwellings at Doncaster which had also been mentioned. The deepest ‘bell-pit’ workings which the writer has seen were in the well-known Tankersley Ironstone overlying the Flockton Thick seam (
Anthraconaia modiolaris
Zone) of the Yorkshire coalfield. Shafts just over 40 ft deep are relatively common and a figure of 70 ft has recently been quoted in the press. Although the measures above the Flockton Thick are reasonably competent it is unlikely from the point of view of stability that this latter figure refers to ‘bell-pits’ in the true sense.

Geophysical techniques in the initial exploratory phase of a site investigation programme may give useful information. Unfortunately present methods do not lend themselves to the detection of ‘room and pillar’ workings, which pose the most uncompromising problems. It seems logical, however, to extend the use of geophysical methods to include later phases of site investigations when more detailed information is required and very close traverses may be warranted. Attention should be drawn to the fact that in recent years instrumentation has made great advances in many fields employing geophysical methods. For some unknown reason this does not include the important field of land-based site investigations.
R. K. Taylor
Engineering Geology Laboratory, Department of Geology, University Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham.
Engineering Group Regional Meeting 1970: Closing Statement
Authors: Knill John Lawrence 
Published: November 2007

The Dublin meeting of the Engineering Group of the Geological Society was intended to be a state-of-the-art review of Engineering Geology in the British Isles. After the rapid development of the Group over several years it seemed an opportunity to look both backwards and forwards. There is little doubt that the Group had become successful with a programme of regular meetings and an established Journal. The Group activity might, however, be viewed as reflecting a backlog in the desire for professional expression and the Group should look to the future with care. Therefore, the Dublin meeting took place at a logical and convenient point in time, and it would provide in retrospect a record of thinking in a relaxed atmosphere.
W. R. Dearman, in his opening remarks, gave a definition of Engineering Geology linking the subject clearly to industrial applications of geology viewed in the broad sense. It could however be viewed in an alternative way in that much of the activity of engineering geologists was people-orientated and consequently related to environmental or social geology. This was very clearly illustrated by D. G. Price through his account of the influence of geology in urban development and G. P. Jones in his discussion of management in water use, re-use and waste disposal. In this latter field, the writer dissented from Jones in that hydrogeology formed, to his mind, part of the full spectrum of engineering geology and should not be regarded as a totally independent subject. Hydrogeology is as relevant to
Geological education for undergraduate civil engineers
Authors: Cawsey D. C. , Francis C. M. G. 
Published: November 2007

I would like to offer the following comment, for publication.
Most Civil Engineering Departments provide for a service course to be given by a Geology Department early in the civil engineers training with a view to teaching the elements of geology and it is fitting that such a course should be given by a geology department who are best able to introduce their subject. This is geology for engineers, not engineering geology and forms a useful introduction to soil mechanics which should follow.
Applications such as site investigation, problems with dams, water, foundations etc. should be left until late in the course when they can be appreciated and should only be given by those staff members who have some real training or experience in these matters. One is often irked by an attitude sometimes shown by geologists that geology has something to offer civil engineering (which it has) but civil engineering has nothing to offer geology. Until geologists as a part of their training take some courses in soil mechanics, rock mechanics and fluid mechanics, which are available in civil engineering departments we will tend to have geologists who say ‘what do the engineers want?’
I would also deprecate an attitude which regards an engineering geologist as a ‘middle man’, rather engineering geology is a subject in its own right which should develop its own theory and expertise in the same way that soil mechanics has been developed.
In conclusion the paper is interesting as it shows an awareness of