bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of two CYP80 enzymes provides insights into aporphine alkaloid skeleton formation in Aristolochia contorta
Authors: Meng Fanqi , Zhang Sixuan , Su Jiaxian , Zhu Butuo , Pan Xian , Qiu Xiaoxiao , Cui Xinyun , Wang Chunling , Niu Lili , Li Caili , Lu Shanfa 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARYAporphine alkaloids are a large group of natural compounds with extensive pharmaceutical application prospects. The biosynthesis of aporphine alkaloids has been paid attentions in the past decades. Here, we determined the contents of four 1‐benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and five aporphine alkaloids in root, stem, leaf, and flower of Aristolochia contorta Bunge, which belongs to magnoliids. Two CYP80 enzymes were identified and characterized from A. contorta. Both of them catalyze the unusual C‐C phenol coupling reactions and directly form the aporphine alkaloid skeleton. AcCYP80G7 catalyzed the formation of hexacyclic aporphine corytuberine. AcCYP80Q8 catalyzed the formation of pentacyclic proaporphine glaziovine. Kingdom‐wide phylogenetic analysis of the CYP80 family suggested that CYP80 first appeared in Nymphaeales. The functional divergence of hydroxylation and C‐C (or C‐O) phenol coupling preceded the divergence of magnoliids and eudicots. Probable crucial residues of AcCYP80Q8 were selected through sequence alignment and molecular docking. Site‐directed mutagenesis revealed two crucial residues E284 and Y106 for the catalytic reaction. Identification and characterization of two aporphine skeleton‐forming enzymes provide insights into the biosynthesis of aporphine alkaloids.
Donors with repeated blood product discards for filtration problems, clots or hemolysis: Causes and follow‐up
Authors: Díaz Padilla Niubel , Wiersum‐Osselton Johanna C , Ghasemi Nezjad Shahryar , Dijkshoorn Gitta , Gonzalez‐Garcia Fernando , Novotny Vĕra M. J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionSanquin donor medicine department is informed when donations or their components are rejected. This can occur isolated or frequently. It is undesirable because the donations cannot be used and there may be an underlying medical cause. Based on regional approaches, a uniform procedure was developed.MethodsInformation about whole blood, plasma‐ plateletpheresis donations from which one or more components were rejected for filtration time (>2 h), hemolysis or clots were extracted from blood bank information system. After rejection of two successive components or donations or total ≥3 the donor is contacted. Depending on the medical history and investigation by the family doctor, the donor carrier is re‐evaluated. We looked for the causes of the discarded products and performed a survey among blood services regarding polices with discarded products.ResultsOne or more components from 1742 of about 2.2 million successful donations (0.08%) were rejected. The highest percentage of rejection was seen in plateletpheresis (1.5%), all for clots. No underlying medical causes were found. 24 whole blood donors were found to have sickle cell trait (SCT) and were permanently deferred.The policies for follow‐up after discarded products or acceptance of SCT donors vary between the 16 blood banks. Six organizations do not follow‐up donors and seven accept SCT for blood or plasma donation.ConclusionInforming donors with repeated discarded products avoids the non‐use of donations. Causes of repeated discarded products can be found by follow‐up of donors. The results of the survey indicate a large discrepancy in policies applied worldwide.
International review of blood donation nucleic acid amplification testing
Authors: Faddy Helen M. , Osiowy Carla , Custer Brian , Busch Michael , Stramer Susan L. , Adesina Opeyemi , van de Laar Thijs , Tsoi Wai‐Chiu , Styles Claire , Kiely Phil , Margaritis Angelo , Kwon So‐Yong , Qiu Yan , Deng Xuelian , Lewin Antoine , Jørgensen Signe Winther , Erikstrup Christian , Juhl David , Sauleda Silvia , Camacho Rodriguez Bernardo Armando , Coral Lisbeth Jennifer Catherine Soto , Gaviria García Paula Andrea , Oota Sineenart , O'Brien Sheila F. , Wendel Silvano , Castro Emma , Navarro Pérez Laura , Harvala Heli , Davison Katy , Reynolds Claire , Jarvis Lisa , Grabarczyk Piotr , Kopacz Aneta , Łętowska Magdalena , O'Flaherty Niamh , Young Fiona , Williams Padraig , Burke Lisa , Chua Sze Sze , Muylaert An , Page Isabel , Jones Ann , Niederhauser Christoph , Vermeulen Marion , Laperche Syria , Gallian Pierre , Sawadogo Salam , Satake Masahiro , Gharehbaghian Ahmad , Addas‐Carvalho Marcelo , Blanco Sebastián , Gallego Sandra V. , Seltsam Axel , Weber‐Schehl Marijke , Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Al Maamari Khuloud , Alawi Fatma Ba , Pandey Hem Chandra , Mbanya Dora , França Rochele Azevedo , Charlewood Richard ,   the Virology and Surveillance; Risk Assessment and Policy subgroups of the ISBT Working Party on Transfusion‐transmitted Infectious Diseases
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), in blood services context, is used for the detection of viral and parasite nucleic acids to reduce transfusion‐transmitted infections. This project reviewed NAT for screening blood donations globally.Materials and MethodsA survey on NAT usage, developed by the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Transfusion‐transmitted Infectious Diseases (ISBT WP‐TTID), was distributed through ISBT WP‐TTID members. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsForty‐three responses were received from 32 countries. Increased adoption of blood donation viral screening by NAT was observed over the past decade. NAT‐positive donations were detected for all viruses tested in 2019 (proportion of donations positive by NAT were 0.0099% for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], 0.0063% for hepatitis C virus [HCV], 0.0247% for hepatitis B virus [HBV], 0.0323% for hepatitis E virus [HEV], 0.0014% for West Nile virus [WNV] and 0.00005% for Zika virus [ZIKV]). Globally, over 3100 NAT‐positive donations were identified as NAT yield or solely by NAT in 2019 and over 22,000 since the introduction of NAT, with HBV accounting for over half. NAT‐positivity rate was higher in first‐time donors for all viruses tested except WNV. During 2019, a small number of participants performed NAT for parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia spp., Plasmodium spp.).ConclusionThis survey captures current use of blood donation NAT globally. There has been increased NAT usage over the last decade. It is clear that NAT contributes to improving blood transfusion safety globally; however, there is a need to overcome economic barriers for regions/countries not performing NAT.
Rubber tori in the boundary of expanded stable maps
Authors: Carocci Francesca , Nabijou Navid 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe investigate torus actions on logarithmic expansions in the context of enumerative geometry. Our main result is an intrinsic and coordinate‐free description of the higher rank rubber torus appearing in the boundary of the space of expanded stable maps. The rubber torus is constructed canonically from the tropical moduli space, and its action on each stratum of the expanded target is encoded in a linear tropical position map. The presence of 2‐morphisms in the universal target forces expanded stable maps differing by the rubber action to be identified. This provides the first step towards a recursive description of the boundary of the expanded moduli space, with future applications including localisation and rubber calculus.
Increasing transposase abundance with ocean depth correlates with a particle-associated lifestyle
Authors: Zhong Juntao , Osborn Troy , Del Rosario Hernández Thais , Kyrysyuk Oleksandr , Tully Benjamin J. , Anderson Rika E. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Transposases are mobile genetic elements that move within and between genomes, promoting genomic plasticity in microorganisms. In marine microbial communities, the abundance of transposases increases with depth, but the reasons behind this trend remain unclear. Our analysis of metagenomes from the
Tara
Oceans and Malaspina Expeditions suggests that a particle-associated lifestyle is the main covariate for the high occurrence of transposases in the deep ocean, and this trend holds true for individual genomes as well as in a community-wide sense. We observed a strong and depth-independent correlation between transposase abundance and the presence of biofilm-associated genes, as well as the prevalence of secretory enzymes. This suggests that mobile genetic elements readily propagate among microbial communities within crowded biofilms. Furthermore, we show that particle association positively correlates with larger genome size, which is in turn associated with higher transposase abundance. Cassette sequences associated with transposons are enriched with genes related to defense mechanisms, which are more highly expressed in the deep sea. Thus, while transposons spread at the expense of their microbial hosts, they also introduce novel genes and potentially benefit the hosts in helping to compete for limited resources. Overall, our results suggest a new understanding of deep ocean particles as highways for gene sharing among defensively oriented microbial genomes.

IMPORTANCE
Genes can move within and between microbial genomes via mobile genetic elements, which include transposases and transposons. In the oceans, there is a puzzling increase in transposase abundance in microbial genomes as depth increases. To gain insight into this trend, we conducted an extensive analysis of marine microbial metagenomes and metatranscriptomes. We found a significant correlation between transposase abundance and a particle-associated lifestyle among marine microbes at both the metagenome and genome-resolved levels. We also observed a link between transposase abundance and genes related to defense mechanisms. These results suggest that as microbes become densely packed into crowded particles, mobile genes are more likely to spread and carry genetic material that provides a competitive advantage in crowded habitats. This may enable deep sea microbes to effectively compete in such environments.
Wild mushrooms as potential reservoirs of plant pathogenic bacteria: a case study on
Burkholderia gladioli
Authors: Hamidizade Mozhde , Taghavi S. Mohsen , Soleimani Ardavan , Bouazar Mohammad , Abachi Hamid , Portier Perrine , Osdaghi Ebrahim 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Fruit bodies (sporocarps) of wild mushrooms growing in natural environments play a substantial role in the preservation of microbial communities, for example, clinical and food-poisoning bacteria. However, the role of wild mushrooms as natural reservoirs of plant pathogenic bacteria remains almost entirely unknown. Furthermore, bacterial transmission from a mushroom species to agricultural plants has rarely been recorded in the literature. In September 2021, a creamy-white Gram-negative bacterial strain was isolated from the sporocarp of
Suillus luteus
(slippery jack) growing in Bermuda grass (
Cynodon dactylon
) lawn in Southern Iran. A similar strain was isolated from the same fungus in the same area in September 2022. Both strains were identified as
Burkholderia gladioli
based on phenotypic features as well as phylogeny of 16S rRNA and three housekeeping genes. The strains were not only pathogenic on white button mushrooms (
Agaricus bisporus
) but also induced hypersensitive reaction (HR) on tobacco and common bean leaves and caused soft rot on a set of diverse plant species, that is, chili pepper, common bean pod, cucumber, eggplant, garlic, gladiolus, narcissus, onion, potato, spring onion, okra, kohlrabi, mango, and watermelon. Isolation of plant pathogenic
B. gladioli
strains from sporocarp of
S. luteus
in two consecutive years in the same area could be indicative of the role of this fungus in the preservation of the bacterium in the natural environment.
B. gladioli
associated with naturally growing
S. luteus
could potentially invade neighboring agricultural crops, for example, vegetables and ornamentals. The potential role of wild mushrooms as natural reservoirs of phytopathogenic bacteria is further discussed.

IMPORTANCE

The bacterial genus
Burkholderia
contains biologically heterogeneous strains that can be isolated from diverse habitats, that is, soil, water, diseased plant material, and clinical specimens. In this study, two Gram-negative pectinolytic bacterial strains were isolated from the sporocarps of
Suillus luteus
in September 2021 and 2022. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that both strains belonged to the complex species
Burkholderia gladioli
, while the pathovar status of the strains remained undetermined. Biological investigations accomplished with pathogenicity and host range assays showed that
B. gladioli
strains isolated from
S. luteus
in two consecutive years were pathogenic on a set of diverse plant species ranging from ornamentals to both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous vegetables. Thus,
B. gladioli
could be considered an infectious pathogen capable of being transmitted from wild mushrooms to annual crops. Our results raise a hypothesis that wild mushrooms could be considered as potential reservoirs for phytopathogenic
B. gladioli
.
Efficacy of TIPS plus extrahepatic collateral embolisation in real-world data: a validation study
Authors: Zhao Lianhui , Tie Jun , Wang Guangchuan , Li Zhengjie , Xu Jiao , Zhuge Yuzheng , Zhang Feng , Wu Hao , Wei Bo , Xue Hui , Li Peijie , Wu Wei , Chen Chao , Wu Qiong , Xia Yifu , Sun Xiubin , Zhang Chunqing 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThe efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) plus extrahepatic collateral embolisation (TIPS+E) in reducing rebleeding and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) post-TIPS was recently reported in a meta-analysis, but further validation is essential. This study aims to confirm the effectiveness of TIPS+E using real-world data.MethodsThe multicentre retrospective cohort included 2077 patients with cirrhosis who underwent TIPS±E (TIPS: 631, TIPS+E: 1446) between January 2010 and December 2022. Regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to adjust for baseline characteristic differences. After PSM, clinical outcomes, including rebleeding, HE, survival and further decompensation (FDC), were analysed. Baseline data from all patients contributed to the construction of prognostic models.ResultsAfter PSM, 1136 matched patients (TIPS+E: TIPS=568:568) were included. TIPS+E demonstrated a significant reduction in rebleeding (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.99; p=0.04), HE (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.99; p=0.04) and FDC (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.99; p=0.04), comparing to TIPS. Significantly, TIPS+E also reduced rebleeding, HE and FDC in subgroup of using 8 mm diameter stents and embolising of gastric varices+spontaneous portosystemic shunts (GV+SPSS). However, there were no differences in overall or subgroup survival analysis. Additionally, the random forest models showed higher accuracy and AUROC comparing to other models. Controlling post-TIPS portal pressure gradient (pPPG) within 7 mm Hg<pPPG<8.5 mm Hg improved prognosis, especially in TIPS+E group.ConclusionOur real-world data validation confirms the high efficacy of TIPS+E in reducing rebleeding and HE, particularly when using 8 mm diameter stents, embolising GV+SPSS and maintaining an optimal pPPG.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty versus percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: an umbrella review protocol of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Gao Qingyang , Li Qiujiang , Wang Liang , Cen Ying , Yang Huiliang 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionSeveral systematic reviews and meta-analyses have confirmed that percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty showed safety and beneficial efficacy in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Whereas, there is wide variation among results, which are not conducive to the evaluation and use of clinicians. This study will investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, aiming to provide a more reliable evidence base for clinical practice in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Methods and analysisWe will retrieve the relevant articles using the five databases(PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) from inception to March 2023 for systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the overall safety and efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Three reviewers will screen citation titles, abstracts and evaluate the full text of each relevant citation based on prespecified eligibility criteria. Any discrepancies in decisions between reviewers will be resolved through discussion. We will assess the methodological quality of the included studies according to A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 checklist.Ethics and disseminationThis umbrella review will inform clinical and policy decisions regarding the benefits and harms of percutaneous vertebroplasty versus percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Neither primary data nor individual patient information will be collected, thus ethics approval is not required. Findings will be reported through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and the popular press.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021268141.
Effective coverage of curative child health services in Ethiopia: analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey and Service Provision Assessment survey
Authors: Haile Tsegaye Gebremedhin , Benova Lenka , Mirkuzie Alemnesh H , Asefa Anteneh 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesDespite a remarkable decline, childhood morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia remain high and inequitable. Thus, we estimated the effective coverage of curative child health services in Ethiopia.DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the 2014 Ethiopia Service Provision Assessment Plus (SPA+) survey.SettingNationally representative household and facility surveys.Participants and outcomesWe included a sample of 2096 children under 5 years old (from DHS) who had symptoms of one or more common childhood illnesses (diarrhoea, fever and acute respiratory infection) and estimated the percentage of sick children who were taken to a health facility (crude coverage). To construct a quality index of child health services, we used the SPA+ survey, which was conducted in 1076 health facilities and included observations of care for 1980 sick children and surveys of 1908 mothers/caregivers and 5328 health providers. We applied the Donabedian quality of care framework to identify 58 quality parameters (structure, 31; process, 16; and outcome, 11) and used the weighted additive method to estimate the overall quality of care index. Finally, we multiplied the crude coverage by the quality of care index to estimate the effective coverage of curative child health services, nationally and by region.ResultsAmong the 2096 sick children, only 38.4% (95% CI: 36.5 to 40.4) of them were taken to a health facility. The overall quality of care was 54.4%, weighted from structure (30.0%), process (9.2%) and outcome (15.2%). The effective coverage of curative child health services was estimated at 20.9% (95%CI: 19.9 to 22.0) nationally, ranging from 16.9% in Somali to 34.6% in Dire Dawa regions.ConclusionsSystem-wide interventions are required to address both demand-side and supply-side bottlenecks in the provision of child health services if child health-related targets are to be achieved in Ethiopia.
Efficacy of avoiding chest drains after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery wedge resection: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Holbek Bo Laksáfoss , Huang Lin , Christensen Thomas Decker , Bendixen Morten , Hansen Henrik Jessen , Kehlet Henrik , Petersen Rene Horsleben 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe use of routine postoperative chest drains after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) of the lung is a practice based on tradition with the aim of draining fluid and air. However, new evidence suggests that chest drains can be avoided in selected cases. With this randomised controlled trial, we wish to establish the efficacy and safety of avoiding postoperative chest drains compared with routine postoperative chest drains.Methods and analysisThis is a two-centre randomised controlled trial without allocation concealment, but where randomisation occurs after the end of procedure leaving operative personnel blinded during surgery. The sample size is calculated to show a difference in pain measurements using the Numeric Rating Scale under different circumstances and at different time points to show superiority of the intervention. The trial is pragmatic by design to reflect the daily clinical scenario and with the aim of increasing the external validity of the results.Ethics and disseminationApproval by the local ethics committees has been obtained for both sites. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05358158) prior to inclusion. The results of the trial will be disseminated by publication in an international journal and presentation at major international thoracic surgical meetings.Article summaryThis is a randomised controlled trial estimating the effects of avoiding a chest drain after VATS wedge resection of the lung on pain, total morphine use, quality of life and complications.Trial registration numberNCT05358158.
Needs and views on eye health and women’s empowerment and theory of change map: implication on the development of a women-targeted eyecare programme for older Zanzibari craftswomen
Authors: Omar Fatma , McCluskey Kayleigh , Mashayo Eden , Yong Ai Chee , Mulewa Damaris , Graham Christine , Price-Sanchez Carlos , Othman Omar , Graham Ronnie , Chan Ving Fai 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesTo assess needs and views regarding eye health and empowerment from craftswomen’s perspectives to develop a theory of change (ToC) for a women-targeted eyecare programme.Material and methodsEighteen stakeholders participated in a 2-day consultation workshop in Zanzibar. The composition was (1) 15 women and 3 men; (2) Unguja (n=8), Pemba (n=6) and Tanzania mainland (n=4) and (3) craftswomen (n=14) and governmental stakeholders (n=4). Thematic analysis determined the craftswomen’s needs and views regarding eye health and empowerment and subsequently inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes and impact to develop the programme’s initial ToC. In refining the initial ToC, we used insights from a qualitative study suggesting that improved near vision is perceived by craftswomen as a potential source of empowerment across economic, psychological, social, political and educational dimensions.ResultsThe eye conditions experienced by the craftswomen were eye irritation caused by foreign bodies, the need for near spectacles and other eye morbidities. They were advised by the cooperatives to visit eye health centres for treatment. The main barriers to accessing services were inaccessibility and unaffordability of eye services and a lack of eye health knowledge and practices. Nineteen subthemes on women empowerment (economic n=4, social n=4, psychological n=6, education n=2 and political n=3) were obtained. We created a ToC on how investing in improving craftswomen near vision could achieve empowerment.ConclusionThe participants provided insights into their needs and how they would like the eyecare programme to be implemented and how they see they could be empowered in the process.