bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic cirrhosis: A clinico-pathological review of 520 cases
Authors: MacSween R. N. M. , Scott A. R. 
Published: June 2007

A clinico-pathological review of 520 patients with hepatic cirrhosis coming to necropsy at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow over the period 1900-69 is reported. There has been an overall increase in incidence of cirrhosis since the 1940s, and this has been largely due to a rise in female incidence. A similar trend in the period 1940-71 has been confirmed at a national level in data abstracted from the Annual Reports of the Registrar General for Scotland.The mean age at death has risen for both sexes. Aetiologically, the cirrhosis was alcoholic in 18·5%, posticteric in 10·4%, cryptogenic in 61·9%, and haemochromatosis was diagnosed in 7·5%. Primary malignant tumours of liver supervened in 12·3%. The causes of death and the morphological patterns of the cirrhosis are reviewed.
Fine structural evidence for hormone secretion by the human thymus
Authors: Vetters J. M. , Macadam R. F. 
Published: June 2007

The epithelial cells of the Hassall's corpuscles in 11 human thymus glands (nine cases of myasthenia gravis and two glands from patients undergoing surgical correction of congenital heart disease) have been examined by electron microscopy. In every instance the epithelial cells have the cytoplasmic organelle complex necessary for `export'-type secretory activity and in addition contain large numbers of membrane-limited small spheroidal secretion granules.Hassall's corpuscles are avascular anatomical units and a pericorpuscular zone, at least 50 μm broad, is also without blood vessels.It is therefore suggested that the secretory product(s) of the corpuscular epithelial cells has a purely intrathymic function.
TheTreponema pallidumhaemagglutination (TPHA) test in biological false positive and leprosy sera
Authors: Garner M. F. , Backhouse J. L. , Daskalopoulos G. , Walsh J. L. 
Published: June 2007

TheTreponema pallidumhaemagglutination (TPHA) test was carried out on 274 sera known to show biological false positive reactions to reagin tests for syphilis. TheTreponema pallidumimmunization (TPI) and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) tests were non-reactive on all these sera. Thirty-one or 11·3% showed reactive results in the TPHA test.Sera from 267 people who had lepromatous leprosy were also tested in the TPHA test. Fourteen sera were reactive in the TPHA, TPI, and FTA-ABS tests and were from people who had both syphilis and leprosy. Biological false positive reactions were shown by 26 of the leprosy sera, of which three or 11·5% were also reactive in the TPHA test. A further four sera in the leprosy group were reactive only in the TPHA test.The possible cause of false reactive TPHA test results is discussed.It was concluded that where reagin and TPHA tests are reactive in a person who has no history or clinical signs of syphilis, the serum should be referred for TPI and FTA-ABS testing.
Latex agglutination test for detection of Australia antigen (HB-Ag) among blood donors and patients
Authors: Hopkins R. , Das P. C. 
Published: June 2007

The application of the latex test for the detection of Australia antigen (Au-Ag) was investigated. Reagents from two commercial sources were compared with the electrophoresis method with regard to sensitivity and specificity using samples from blood donors, hospital patients, and plasma fractions. Discordant results were further investigated by electron microscopy and radioimmunoassay.Differences were noted in the results between these reagents and the significance of the findings together with suggestions for minimizing false positive results are discussed.
The role of circulating hepatitis B antigen/antibody immune complexes in the pathogenesis of vascular and hepatic manifestations in polyarteritis nodosa
Authors: Trepo Christian G. , Zuckerman Arie J. , Bird Richard C. , Prince Alfred M. 
Published: June 2007

To investigate further the role of hepatitis B antigen (HBs Ag) and specific immune complexes in polyarteritis, sera from 55 histologically confirmed cases were tested for the presence of hepatitis B antigen-associated particles and hepatitis B-antibody (anti HBs) by solid phase radio-immunoassay, electron microscopy, and passive haemagglutination. Results of these findings have been correlated with the clinical course of the disease.HBs Ag was detected in 30 patients (54·5%) and anti HBs in 13/45 (28%). Subtyping in 20 patients revealed that 11 were Y and 9 D. Thirty-seven cases (69%) demonstrated either HBs Ag or anti HBs and 5/45 (11%) had both. Electron microscopic examination showed 20 nm spherical and tubular particles in sera of 20/27 patients with 42 nm particles in 11 cases and clumped particles in 12 (60%).No correlation was found between detection of immune complexes and liver disease whereas the presence of coexisting hepatitis B antigen and antibody or aggregated particles was restricted to cases of active vasculitis. Seroconversion or the presence of hepatitis B antibody alone was associated with improved prognosis. Circulating hepatitis B antigen antibody complexes may be responsible for vasculitis or polyarteritis but do not appear to be pathogenic for the liver.
Tietze's disease
Authors: Cameron H. U. , Fornasier V. L. 
Published: June 2007

The material from a case of Tietze's disease has been examined histologically. A review of the literature on the pathology of this lesion correlated with the findings from this case indicates that there is a pathological lesion in the costal cartilage in this disease. This consists of an increased vascularity and degenerative changes with patchy loss of ground substance leading to a fibrillar appearance. Cleft formation may occur with mucoid debris which may undergo calcification. Hypertrophic changes may be present at the periphery.The aetiology still remains obscure.
The bone marrow in aplastic anaemia: Diagnostic and prognostic features
Authors: Frisch B. , Lewis S. M. 
Published: June 2007

Bone marrow preparations were examined from 80 patients with aplastic anaemia. The degree of cellularity varied greatly and in a third of the cases it was normal or even hypercellular at one site of aspiration. In the severely hypoplastic marrows lymphoid cells were predominant and this situation was associated with a worse prognosis. There was no correlation between marrow lymphoid cell content and blood lymphocyte count but there was an inverse relationship between blood lymphocyte count and marrow erythroblasts and a close direct relationship between the blood neutrophil count and marrow myeloid cell content.In all cases a proportion of the erythroblasts showed morphological abnormalities. These included especially megaloblastic changes and asynchrony of nuclear-cytoplasmic maturation. There were also binucleated cells, internuclear chromatin bridges, intercellular cytoplasmic connexions, nuclear degenerative changes, namely, blurred outlines, irregular shapes, budding and fragmentation, and atypical mitotic figures. These appearances illustrate the extent to which a qualitative defect of erythropoiesis occurs as part of the haematological pattern in aplastic anaemia, and in some cases dominates the bone marrow picture.Similar cytological features were found in all cases, including five patients with Fanconi's anaemia.
Coagulation fibrinolysis in sickle-cell disease
Authors: Gordon P. A. , Breeze G. R. , Mann J. R. , Stuart J. 
Published: June 2007

A study of fibrinolytic activity in sickle-cell patients during asymptomatic periods has shown a normal fibrinolytic response to exercise and local heat to the arm. During vasoocclusive crises there was no significant decrease in fibrinolytic activity. These results contrast with earlier reports of decreased fibrinolysis during crisis and a suggestion that fibrinolytic activators might be of value in preventing vasoocclusive episodes.Patients in painful crisis showed a significant rise in fibrinogen concentration and fall in platelet count. The former may contribute to localized vascular sludging by increasing whole-blood viscosity, while the latter probably results from local trapping of platelets in areas of sickling or from subsequent splenic sequestration of damaged platelets. There was no evidence of disseminated, as opposed to localized, intravascular coagulation during crisis.
Intracellular immunoglobulins
Authors: Burns J. , Hambridge Maria , Taylor C. R. 
Published: June 2007

Formalin fixation followed by routine paraffin embedding allows the demonstration of intracellular immunoglobulin by a sandwich technique using either peroxidase or fluorescein isothyocyanate labelled antibody conjugates. The results compared favourably with those obtained using either the fresh frozen or the Sainte-Marie method for preserving tissue immunoglobulins. The formalin-paraffin method with peroxidase-labelled antibody has advantages for routine use. Morphology is excellent, preparations are permanent, and retrospective studies of stored paraffin-embedded tissue are possible.Some of the problems of labelled antibody studies are discussed.
Platelet function, factor VIII, fibrinogen, and fibrinolysis in Nigerians and Europeans in relation to atheroma and thrombosis
Authors: Dupuy Evelyne , Fleming A. F. , Caen J. P. 
Published: June 2007

Platelet function, factor VIII, fibrinogen levels, and fibrinolysis were studied in Europeans and in two groups of Nigerians living in Zaria, northern Nigeria, in order to see whether differences could help to explain the low incidence of atheroma and thrombosis in Nigerians. We confirmed the relative thrombocytopenia and observed a rapid disaggregation after ADP-induced platelet aggregation in Nigerians. The most striking difference was a reduced or absent ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in Nigerian platelet-rich plasma, probably due to a plasma component interacting with the von Willebrand activity (VWF), since factor VIII coagulant activity, factor VIII related antigen, and isolated VWF were normal or high by European standards. Group II (rural population), but not group I (senior university staff in Zaria) of the Nigerians, tended to have high serum fibrinogen concentrations. Spontaneous fibrinolytic activity was enhanced in most Nigerians compared to the Europeans and was normally increased after venostasis in proportion to the initial activity. Fibrinolysis and ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation values for the Nigerians in group I were intermediate between European and Nigerian in the group II values, suggesting that differences were due more to environmental than to genetic factors.Relative thrombocytopenia, disaggregation after ADP-induced aggregation, inhibition of ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, and active fibrinolysis help to explain the infrequency of thrombotic disease in Africans. Also the low incidence of atheroma may follow from less platelet adherence and less platelet release of mitogenic factors, which cause intimal hyperplasia.
Cytokinetic studies of crypts in convoluted human small-intestinal mucosa
Authors: Wright Nicholas A. , Appleton David R. , Marks Janet , Watson Alexander J. 
Published: June 2007

Forty-seven peroral biopsy specimens of duodenojejunal mucosa showing convolutions were obtained from patients with a variety of clinical disorders. These mucosal samples were divided into three groups according to the extent of the convolutions and the severity of the accompanying histopathological changes; the cytokinetic status of the crypts in the three groups was then analysed and compared. Those in which the mucosae were predominantly or totally convoluted (group 3) showed the most notable cytokinetic changes: crypts were hyperplastic and crypt cell production rate was markedly increased compared with the other two groups and with morphologically normal control mucosae.In the case of one patient with mucosal changes of group 3 severity, additional studies were carried out using vincristine to produce metaphase arrest. The cell cycle time of 27 hours was greatly shortened compared with a control value of 45 hours.We find that the presence of convolutions in small-intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens is accompanied by an increase in the rate of cell production from the crypts, which is presumably related directly or indirectly to the rate of loss of mature enterocytes from the surface of the mucosa. Furthermore, an increase in the proportion of convolutions may reflect an increase in the rates of cell production and cell loss.In the group 3 convoluted mucosae the cytokinetic profile of the crypts resembled that of some of the flat avillous coeliac mucosae previously studied although the rates of cell production did not reach the levels attained by the most productive of the flat coeliac mucosae.
Legionnaires' disease serology
Authors: Lattimer Gary L , Cepil Beth A 
Published: June 2007

Sera from 31 Legionnaires' disease (LD) survivors of the Philadelphia outbreak, 31 Legionnaire (L) controls, and 300 additional controls were examined for the presence of specific antibodies to five antigen preparations ofLegionella pneumophila(serogroup 1) to determine the effect of antigen preparation on the sensitivity and specificity of the indirect immunofluorescence test. Diagnostic levels were determined for each antigen at the upper limit of normal value (ULNV) titre, which established the titre not exceeded by 85% of controls.Antigens were prepared from formalin-killedL. pneumophilasuspended in egg yolk sac (EYS) (LPF:EYS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) (LPF:BSA); and from heat-killed organisms suspended in EYS (LPH:EYS) or BSA (LPH:BSA). Antigen was also supplied by the Center for Disease Control (CDC:AG).Although there was wide variation in the sensitivity of the antigens, at the ULNV level all antigens tested could be used to differentiate LD survivors from L controls (p<0.001;X2test). Formalin treatment resulted in the most specific antigen by eliminating titres in L controls. The results of theX2test, comparing LD survivors with L controls, ranked the antigens in the following ascending order of sensitivity: LPH:BSA 15·3, <CDC:AG 22·8, <LPH:EYS 24·2, <LPF:BSA 45, <LPF:EYS 51. Moreover, when differences in positive results among LD survivors were compared, statistically significant differences were found when LPF:EYS (p<0·01;X2test) and LPF:BSA (p<0·025;X2test) were compared with CDC:AG, LPH:EYS, and LPH:BSA antigens. Titres in 300 additional controls paralleled those found in L controls.It was concluded that formalin treatment ofL. pneumophilaresulted in a sensitive antigen, which increased the number of positive tests in survivors while decreasing false-positive tests in controls. It should be considered for use in routine testing programmes for diagnosing LD.
The Challenge of the Pentecostals in Asia Part Two: The Responses of the Roman Catholic Church
Authors: Prior John Mansford 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIntroduction by the Managing Editor: John Mansford Prior SVD wrote an essay for the Asian Convention of the Pontifical Council for Culture planned for Jogyakarta, Indonesia, in June 12-17, 2006. The essay starts with a survey of the Pentecostal and charismatic movements in five Asian countries. Subsequently Prior reviews a growing awareness of 'sects and new religious movements' in church documents. Then he looks at how social science understands the 'rise of the sects' before he takes up the pastoral challenge to link the dynamism of Pentecostal/charismatic movements with the social conscience of basic ecclesial communities. The editing board of Exchange was impressed by the content of the essay and considered it to be of great importance to the readership of the journal. However, the essay was too long to be published in one issue. Therefore it is decided to divide it into parts. The first part gives the overview of Pentecostal and charismatic movements in Asia and the second part deals with the reaction of the Asian mainline churches, in particular the Roman Catholic Church. Part one was published in the previous issue (pp. xx-xx).
HIV and AIDS, Stigma and Liberation in the Old Testament
Authors: Chitando Ezra , Gunda Masiiwa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAs the HIV and AIDS pandemic continues to affect most parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, the church has attempted to mitigate its effects. Unfortunately, stigma has emerged as a major challenge. The church has been implicated in stigmatizing people living with HIV and AIDS. Some Christians have used the Bible to justify the exclusion of people living with HIV and AIDS. This article examines HIV and AIDS stigma. It highlights the various forms of stigma, alongside exploring the occurrence of stigma in the Hebrew Bible. The study calls for a re-reading of the Hebrew Bible in the context of HIV and AIDS stigma and discrimination. It argues that the theme of liberation that underpins the Hebrew Bible implies that stigma has no place in human relations. The paper draws attention to the need to bring liberation to the heart of mission in the light of HIV and AIDS in Africa.
CD34 facilitates the development of allergic asthma
Authors: Blanchet Marie-Renée , Maltby Steven , Haddon D. James , Merkens Helen , Zbytnuik Lori , McNagny Kelly M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAsthma is a pulmonary inflammatory disease dependent on eosinophil and mast cell infiltration into the lung. CD34 is a sialomucin expressed by both of these cell types, and we have used CD34−/− mice and a standard mouse model of asthma to evaluate the importance of CD34 expression on disease development. In comparison with wild-type (wt) mice, CD34−/− mice exhibited a dramatic reduction in all hallmarks of allergic asthma, including lowered airway inflammatory cell infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mast-cell recruitment. Bone marrow transplantation experiments confirmed that these defects are due to CD34 expression by bone marrow–derived cells. This was not, however, due to an inability to respond to antigen as, on a per cell basis, wt and CD34−/− inflammatory cells exhibit identical responses in cytokine production. We found a striking reduction in mobility of CD34−/− eosinophils in vitro, the major component of inflammatory infiltrates, which was consistent with proposed models for CD34 as an inhibitor of cell-cell adhesion. In summary, our data suggest that CD34 enhances mast-cell and eosinophil invasiveness and that its expression by these cells is a prerequisite for development of allergic asthma.
Generation and analysis of ESTs from the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin and identification of microsatellite and SNP markers
Authors: Quilang Jonas , Wang Shaolin , Li Ping , Abernathy Jason , Peatman Eric , Wang Yongping , Wang Lingling , Shi Yaohua , Wallace Richard , Guo Ximing , Liu Zhanjiang 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1791), is an economically important species cultured in many areas in North America. It is also ecologically important because of the impact of its filter feeding behaviour on water quality. Populations of C. virginica have been threatened by overfishing, habitat degradation, and diseases. Through genome research, strategies are being developed to reverse its population decline. However, large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) resources have been lacking for this species. Efficient generation of EST resources from this species has been hindered by a high redundancy of transcripts. The objectives of this study were to construct a normalized cDNA library for efficient EST analysis, to generate thousands of ESTs, and to analyze the ESTs for microsatellites and potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Results
A normalized and subtracted C. virginica cDNA library was constructed from pooled RNA isolated from hemocytes, mantle, gill, gonad and digestive tract, muscle, and a whole juvenile oyster. A total of 6,528 clones were sequenced from this library generating 5,542 high-quality EST sequences. Cluster analysis indicated the presence of 635 contigs and 4,053 singletons, generating a total of 4,688 unique sequences. About 46% (2,174) of the unique ESTs had significant hits (E-value ≤ 1e-05) to the non-redundant protein database; 1,104 of which were annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) terms. A total of 35 microsatellites were identified from the ESTs, with 18 having sufficient flanking sequences for primer design. A total of 6,533 putative SNPs were also identified using all existing and the newly generated EST resources of the eastern oysters.

Conclusion
A high quality normalized cDNA library was constructed. A total of 5,542 ESTs were generated representing 4,688 unique sequences. Putative microsatellite and SNP markers were identified. These genome resources provide the material basis for future microarray development, marker validation, and genetic linkage and QTL analysis.
PET/CT Staging Followed by Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) Improves Treatment Outcome of Locally Advanced Pharyngeal Carcinoma: a matched-pair comparison
Authors: Rothschild Sacha , Studer Gabriela , Seifert Burkhardt , Huguenin Pia , Glanzmann Christoph , Davis J Bernard , Lütolf Urs M , Hany Thomas F , Ciernik I Frank 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
Impact of non-pharmacological innovations on cancer cure rates is difficult to assess. It remains unclear, whether outcome improves with 2- [18-F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and integrated computer tomography (PET/CT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for curative treatment of advanced pharyngeal carcinoma.

Patients and methods
Forty five patients with stage IVA oro- or hypopharyngeal carcinoma were staged with an integrated PET/CT and treated with definitive chemoradiation with IMRT from 2002 until 2005. To estimate the impact of PET/CT with IMRT on outcome, a case-control analysis on all patients with PET/CT and IMRT was done after matching with eighty six patients treated between 1991 and 2001 without PET/CT and 3D-conformal radiotherapy with respect to gender, age, stage, grade, and tumor location with a ratio of 1:2. Median follow-up was eighteen months (range, 6–49 months) for the PET/CT-IMRT group and twenty eight months (range, 1–168 months) for the controls.

Results
PET/CT and treatment with IMRT improved cure rates compared to patients without PET/CT and IMRT. Overall survival of patients with PET/CT and IMRT was 97% and 91% at 1 and 2 years respectively, compared to 74% and 54% for patients without PET/CT or IMRT (p = 0.002). The event-free survival rate of PET/CT-IMRT group was 90% and 80% at 1 and 2 years respectively, compared to 72% and 56% in the control group (p = 0.005).

Conclusion
PET/CT in combination with IMRT and chemotherapy for pharyngeal carcinoma improve oncological therapy of pharyngeal carcinomas. Long-term follow-up is needed to confirm these findings.