bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperament and response to the Trier Social Stress Test
Authors: Tyrka A. R. , Wier L. M. , Anderson G. M. , Wilkinson C. W. , Price L. H. , Carpenter L. L. 
Published: December 2006

Objective:  The personality characteristics behavioural inhibition and neuroticism have been associated with mood and anxiety disorders and, in some studies, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity. We recently reported that low levels of Novelty Seeking were associated with elevated plasma cortisol responses to the dexamethasone/corticotropin‐releasing hormone (Dex/CRH) test in healthy adults with no psychiatric disorder. The present study tested the association between temperament and HPA axis function in the same group of subjects using a standardized psychosocial neuroendocrine stress test.Method:  Subjects completed diagnostic interviews, questionnaires, and the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).Results:  Novelty Seeking was inversely associated with plasma cortisol concentrations at baseline and throughout the TSST, but was not related to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels.Conclusion:  Results of this study extend our previous finding in the Dex/CRH test to a psychosocial stress test. Future investigations are needed to replicate these findings and further elucidate how temperament and personality are linked to HPA function.
Decreased cerebral blood flow of thalamus in PTSD patients as a strategy to reduce re‐experience symptoms
Authors: Kim S. J. , Lyoo I. K. , Lee Y. S. , Kim J. , Sim M. E. , Bae S. J. , Kim H. J. , Lee J.‐Y. , Jeong D.‐U. 
Published: December 2006

Objective:  To investigate alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in subjects with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Method:  Using [99Tcm]‐hexamethyl propylenamino oxime single photon emission computed tomography, the rCBF under resting condition was compared between 19 survivors of the Taegu subway fire with PTSD and 19 comparison subjects.Results:  PTSD patients showed a decreased rCBF in the right thalamus and an increased rCBF in the right superior parietal lobe relative to comparison subjects (corrected P < 0.05). The rCBF in the right thalamus positively correlated with the severity of current re‐experience symptoms in PTSD subjects.Conclusion:  Our finding of the thalamic rCBF decrease in PTSD patients may be a strategy to reduce re‐experience symptom, by evading the process of external and internal information which can evoke traumatic memory. In addition, the parietal rCBF increase in our PTSD patients might be related to altered information processing in PTSD.
Comparison of naturally occurring and ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis bone defects in humans and dogs
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Herten Monika , Sager Martin , Bieling Katrin , Sculean Anton , Becker Jürgen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare naturally occuring and ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis bone defects in humans and dogs.Material and Methods: Twenty‐four partially and fully edentulous patients undergoing peri‐implant bone augmentation procedures due to advanced peri‐implant infections were included in this study (n=40 implants). Furthermore, peri‐implantitis was induced by ligature placement and plaque accumulation in five beagle dogs for three months following implant insertion (n=15 implants). The ligatures were removed when about 30% of the initial bone was lost. During open flap surgery, configuration and defect characteristics of the peri‐implant bone loss were recorded in both humans and dogs.Results: Open flap surgery generally revealed two different classes of peri‐implant bone defects. While Class I defects featured well‐defined intrabony components, Class II defects were characterized by consistent horizontal bone loss. The allocation of intrabony components of Class I defects regarding the implant body allowed a subdivision of five different configurations (Classes Ia–e). In particular, human defects were most frequently Class Ie (55.3%), followed by Ib (15.8%), Ic (13.3%), Id (10.2%), and Ia (5.4%). Similarly, bone defects in dogs were also most frequently Class Ie (86.6%), while merely two out of 15 defects were Classes Ia and Ic (6.7%, respectively).Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, it might be concluded that configurations and sizes of ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis bone defects in dogs seemed to resemble naturally occurring lesions in humans.
Tactile sensibility of single‐tooth implants and natural teeth
Authors: Enkling Norbert , Nicolay Claudia , Utz Karl‐Heinz , Jöhren Peter , Wahl Gerhard , Mericske‐Stern Regina 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAim: The purpose of this randomized split‐mouth clinical trial was to determine the active tactile sensibility between singe‐tooth implants and opposing natural teeth and to compare it with the tactile sensibility of pairs of natural teeth on the contralateral side in the same mouth (intraindividual comparison).Material and Methods: The hypothesis was that the active tactile sensibilities of the implant side and control side are equivalent. Sixty two subjects (n=36 from Bonn, n=26 from Bern) with single‐tooth implants (22 anterior and 40 posterior dental implants) were asked to bite on narrow copper foil strips varying in thickness (5–200 μm) and to decide whether or not they were able to identify a foreign body between their teeth. Active tactile sensibility was defined as the 50% threshold of correct answers estimated by means of the Weibull distribution.Results: The results obtained for the interocclusal perception sensibility differed between subjects far more than they differed between natural teeth and implants in the same individual [implant/natural tooth: 16.7±11.3 μm (0.6–53.1 μm); natural tooth/natural tooth: 14.3±10.6 μm (0.5–68.2 μm)]. The intraindividual differences only amounted to a mean value of 2.4±9.4 μm (−15.1 to 27.5 μm). The result of our statistical calculations showed that the active tactile sensibility of single‐tooth implants, both in the anterior and posterior region of the mouth, in combination with a natural opposing tooth is similar to that of pairs of opposing natural teeth (double t‐test, equivalence margin: ±8 μm, P<0.001, power >80%). Hence, the implants could be integrated in the stomatognathic control circuit.
Subgingival plaque microbiota in HIV positive patients
Authors: Aas J. A. , Barbuto S. M. , Alpagot T. , Olsen I. , Dewhirst F. E. , Paster B. J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAim: To describe and compare the predominant bacterial and fungal species associated with gingivitis, periodontitis, and linear gingival erythema (LGE), in HIV positive subjects with different immune status.Methods: Viral loads and CD4 levels determined HIV disease status. From pooled subgingival plaque, 16S and 18S rDNA were cloned and sequenced to determine species identity.Results: One hundred and nine bacterial species were identified from 14 subjects. Nearly half of the species were not cultivable. Notably, the classical putative periodontal pathogens, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were below the limit of detection and were not detected. Species of Gemella, Dialister, Streptococcus and Veillonella were predominant. In one HIV positive subject with periodontitis and low viral load, Gemella morbillorum, a known opportunistic pathogen, constituted 84% of the clones. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the only fungal species detected in an LGE subject and in periodontitis subjects with high viral loads. In periodontitis patients with low viral loads, Candida albicans was predominant, while S. cerevisiae was only a minor component.Conclusion: These case studies suggest that other bacterial species, rather than the classical periodontal pathogens, may be involved in periodontal diseases of subjects with HIV. These data are indicative of opportunistic infections in a highly susceptible immunocompromised host.
Microbiological outcomes of quadrant versus full‐mouth root planing as monitored by real‐time PCR
Authors: Jervøe‐Storm P.‐M. , AlAhdab H. , Semaan E. , Fimmers R. , Jepsen S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectives: To study the short‐term microbiological changes following full‐mouth compared with quadrant wise scaling and root planing (FMRP and QRP) as well as long‐term effects.Method: Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis were randomized into a test group treated in two sessions with subgingival scaling and root planing within 24 h (FMRP) and a control group treated quadrant by quadrant in four sessions at intervals of one week (QRP). Microbiological samples were taken in the two deepest pockets of the maxillary right quadrant immediately before treatment and after 1 day, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. The samples were evaluated by real‐time PCR for quantification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia as well as for total bacterial counts (TBC).Results: Treatment resulted in a TBC median log reduction of 0.75 (FMRP) and 0.72 (QRP). There were no differences between groups either for the short term (1 day–4 weeks) (analysis of variance: p=0.3150) or for long term (4–24 weeks) (analysis of variance: p=0.9671). Likewise, no differences were detected for selected target bacteria.Conclusion: The results of the present study showed similar microbiological outcomes following both treatment modalities.
Women with a recent history of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia have a worse periodontal condition
Authors: Kunnen Alina , Blaauw Judith , Van Doormaal Jasper J. , Van Pampus Maria G. , Van Der Schans Cees P. , Aarnoudse Jan G. , Van Winkelhoff Arie J. , Abbas Frank 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective: Pre‐eclampsia is a complication of pregnancy characterized by systemic vascular dysfunction and pathological changes in placental arteries. Growing evidence of chronic infection as an aetiological factor in vascular diseases prompted us to study maternal periodontal disease in subjects with early‐onset pre‐eclampsia (<34 weeks).Methods: A case–control study was carried out on 17 early‐onset pre‐eclamptic women and 35 controls with uncomplicated pregnancies in a period of 3–28 months postpartum. All were Caucasians. Full‐mouth periodontal examinations were performed to determine the periodontal condition. Subgingival‐plaque samples were analysed by anaerobic culture techniques for the presence of seven bacterial periodontal pathogens. Potential confounders as age, smoking, educational level and body mass index were determined.Results: Severe periodontal disease was found in 82% of the pre‐eclamptic and in 37% of the control group (p=0.009). After adjusting for age, smoking and educational level, the odds ratio was 7.9 (95% CI: 1.9–32.8). The periodontopathic microorganism Micromonas micros was more prevalent in the case group (p=0.040) while Campylobacter rectus was more prevalent in the control group (p=0.047).Conclusion: These results indicate that Caucasian women with a recent history of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia have a worse periodontal condition, as compared with women with uncomplicated deliveries.
Preclinical development of hybrid cell vaccines for multiple myeloma
Authors: Walewska Renata , Teobald Iryna , Dunnion Debbie , Abdulmajed Hind , Aldred Micheala , Sadler Jean , Chapman Claire , Browning Michael 
Published: December 2006

AbstractImmunotherapy may provide alternative or supplementary treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). We propose that hybrid cells, formed by fusing professional antigen‐presenting cells with malignant plasma cells, would induce immune responses capable of mediating tumour regression. The human B‐lymphoblastoid cell line, HMy2, was fused in vitro with CD138+ bead‐separated myeloma plasma cells from five patients with MM. The hybrid cell lines generated in these studies grew stably in tissue culture, and maintained their phenotypic and functional characteristics, providing self‐renewing cell lines with potential for therapeutic vaccination. The hybrid cells stimulated allogeneic and autologous T‐cell proliferative responses in vitro to a considerably greater degree than their respective parent myeloma plasma cells, and directly activated both CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses. The enhanced T‐cell stimulation correlated with expression of CD80 on the hybrid cells, and was inhibited by CTLA4‐Ig fusion protein. The hybrid cell lines expressed several tumour‐associated antigens known to be expressed in myeloma. These data show that self‐replicating cell lines with enhanced immunostimulatory properties and potential for therapeutic vaccination can be generated by in vitro fusion of ex vivo myeloma cells and B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines.
Lack of effect of antenatal glucocorticoid therapy in the fetal baboon on cerebral cortical glucose transporter proteins
Authors: Antonow‐Schlorke Iwa , Ebert Martin , Li Cun , Gschanes Andrea , Witte Otto W. , McDonald Thomas , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Schwab Matthias 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground  Maternal antenatal glucocorticoid therapy is used to accelerate lung maturation of immature babies at risk of preterm delivery. It acutely affects brain activity of the human fetus and reduces the immunoreactivity of neurocytoskeletal and synaptic proteins in the fetal baboon brain. These effects might be based on cerebral energy failure due to a decreased neuronal glucose uptake that has been shown in vitro.Methods  Glucose uptake into the brain is selectively facilitated by GLUT1 expressed in the blood–brain barrier and GLUT3 expressed in the neuronal membrane. Immunohistochemical distribution of GLUT1 and GLUT3 were examined in the frontal neocortex of the fetal baboon brain at 0.73 gestation (i.e. similar to 28 weeks of human gestation) after maternal betamethasone administration, mimicking the clinical dose regimen.Results  Betamethasone did not alter GLUT1 and GLUT3 immunoreactivity.Conclusions  The results suggest that inhibition of glucose uptake is not the mechanism for the cerebral effects of antenatal glucocorticoids.
Molecular markers of circulating melanoma cells
Authors: Medic Sandra , Pearce Robert L. , Heenan Peter J. , Ziman Mel 
Published: December 2006

SummaryOf all skin cancers, cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is the most aggressive and the life expectancy of patients with lymphatic or systemic metastases is dramatically reduced. Understandably therefore, scientists and clinicians have focused on improving diagnostic and prognostic techniques. Of these, perhaps the most promising are multimarker real‐time RT‐PCR and microarray for detection of circulating CMM cells in peripheral blood. While the optimal set of markers is still to be identified that can accurately assess disease severity and progression at all clinical stages of the disease, recent progress has been dramatic. Here we provide an exhaustive review of recent studies in which a variety of markers are assessed. Moreover, the efficacy of the markers relative to clinical stage is discussed in light of experimental findings. From these studies, it is apparent that researchers are now much closer to defining a set of markers of circulating cells that can be utilized in routine diagnostic tests.
The differing embryonic origins of retinal and uveal (iris/ciliary body and choroid) melanosomes are mirrored by their phospholipid composition
Authors: Ward Weslyn C. , Simon John D. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe phospholipids present in uveal (iris/ciliary body and choroid) and retinal bovine ocular melanosomes were identified using mass spectrometry. Similar phospholipid content is found for the two types of uveal melanosome, with sphingomyelin being the major species. Significant differences are found between the uveal and retinal melanosome. Glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPEtn) is the major species in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); 93% of the GPEtn contain polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably docosahexanoic acid and arachidonic acid, in the sn‐2 position. RPE melanosomes also contain detectable quantities of glycerophosphoserine and glycerophosphate; these species were not detected in the uveal samples. While the structural and functional roles of melanosomal lipids largely remain to be determined, these different lipid compositions reported herein offer new insights into the roles of melanosomes in the different ocular tissues.
Expression of fibronectin‐binding integrins in gingival epithelium in drug‐induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: Walsh P. , Häkkinen L. , Pernu H. , Knuuttila M. , Larjava H. 
Published: December 2006

Background and Objective:  Gingival overgrowth is a side‐effect of nifedipine and cyclosporin medications. Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate cell adhesion, regulate cell proliferation and participate in the regulation of tissue fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether expression of epithelial cell integrins is linked to the development of drug‐induced gingival overgrowth.Material and Methods:  Human gingival biopsies of patients taking nifedipine, cyclosporin, or a combination of both medications, were used. Expression of the α5β1, αvβ1 and αvβ6 integrins, and of cellular extra domain A of fibronectin, was localized in frozen sections using immunohistochemistry.Results:  The activated conformation of the β1, α5β1 and αvβ6 integrins were more frequently expressed in distinct locations in the oral epithelium in the combined drug group. Cellular extra domain A of fibronectin, a ligand for both α5β1 and αvβ6 integrins, was expressed within the connective tissue of all groups. It was also expressed around the basal keratinocytes of the control, nifedipine and cyclosporin‐induced gingival overgrowth groups, but not in the combined medication group. No relationship between the presence of inflammation and integrin expression was found.Conclusion:  The results indicate that expression of certain integrins is up‐regulated in the epithelium of drug‐induced gingival overgrowth where they could participate in controlling the formation of elongated rete ridges and tissue fibrosis.
Detecting Tropical Forests' Responses to Global Climatic and Atmospheric Change: Current Challenges and a Way Forward
Authors: Clark Deborah A. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTBecause of tropical forests' disproportionate importance for world biodiversity and for the global carbon cycle, we urgently need to understand any effects on these ecosystems from the ongoing changes in climate and atmosphere. This review, intended to complement existing data reviews on this topic, focuses on three major classes of challenges that we currently face when trying to detect and interpret directional changes in tropical forests. One is the very limited existing information on the historical context of study sites. Lasting effects from past climate, natural disturbances, and/or human activities could be significantly affecting current‐day processes in tropical forests and need to be investigated for all active field sites. Second, while progress has been made in recent years on standardizing and refining research approaches, a number of methods‐ and data‐limitations continue to affect efforts both to detect within‐forest changes and to relate them to ongoing environmental change. Important outstanding needs are improved sampling designs, longer time‐series of observations, filling key data gaps, and data access. Finally, forest responses to ongoing environmental change are complex. The effects of many simultaneously changing environmental factors are integrated by the plants, and their responses can involve significant lags, carryovers, and non‐linearities. Specifying effects of individual environmental changes, however, is required for accurate ecosystem‐process models and thus for projecting future impacts on these forests. After discussing these several types of challenges and ways to address them, I conclude with a priority agenda for this critical area of research.Abstract in Spanish is available at http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp.
Variation in Sexual Expression in Jacaratia mexicana (Caricaceae) in Southern Mexico: Frequency and Relative Seed Performance of Fruit‐Producing Males
Authors: Aguirre Armando , Vallejo‐Marín Mario , Salazar‐Goroztieta Lizandra , Arias Dulce M. , Dirzo Rodolfo 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTDioecy, the segregation of male and female structures among individuals, is widespread in tropical plants, encompassing 10–30 percent of species in some sites. In many cases, interindividual sex separation is not complete, as individual plants, although nominally dioecious, may produce both types of reproductive structures. A common form of this sexual variation is the production of female structures in otherwise male individuals, commonly referred to as fruiting males. Here we report the existence of fruiting males in the dioecious tropical tree Jacaratia mexicana (Caricaceae). We show that fruiting males can constitute up to 45 percent of all males in some populations of a tropical forest in Southern Mexico. In order to determine the functional significance of fruiting males for the breeding system of J. mexicana, we compared the relative performance of male‐ and female‐borne seeds. Our results show that seeds from fruiting males are three times less likely to germinate and survive than seeds from female trees. Based on relative seed fitness data, and sex ratios in natural populations, we estimate that 6–15 percent of the genes contributed by fruiting males to the next generation are transmitted via ovules, meaning that morphological variation in gender is at least partially accompanied by functional gender variation. Finally, our seed fitness estimates for fruiting males suggest that fruiting males will not replace female plants in natural populations.Abstract in Spanish is available at http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp.
Chemical Defense and the Persistence of Pioneer Plant Seeds in the Soil of a Tropical Cloud Forest
Authors: Veldman Joseph W. , Greg Murray K. , Hull Adrienne L. , Mauricio Garcia‐C J. , Mungall William S. , Rotman Garth B. , Plosz Mitchell P. , McNamara Laurie K. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTWe present evidence that differences in soil seedbank persistence among pioneer plants in the cloud forest of Monteverde, Costa Rica, are influenced by differences in seed chemical defense. We used extracted seed chemicals from Bocconia frutescens (Papaveraceae), Guettarda poasana (Rubiaceae), Phytolacca rivinoides (Phytolaccaceae), Urera elata (Urticaceae), Cecropia polyphlebia (Cecropiaceae), and Witheringia meiantha (Solanaceae) to assess seed chemical defense in two ways: (1) a plant pathogen inhibition assay using Pythium irregulare; and (2) a brine shrimp toxicity assay using Artemia salina. The combined performance of each species in the two assays positively correlated with seedbank persistence. In the pathogen assay, mycelium growth was reduced when Pythium was cultured on media containing seed extracts from the three species with the greatest seed longevity in the soil (i.e., Bocconia, Guettarda, and Phytolacca). Bocconia, the most persistent species, was the only species that contained chemicals toxic to brine shrimp, an indication of defense against arthropods. We focused on Bocconia defense by isolating the chemicals toxic to brine shrimp and identified them as dihydrosanguinarine, dihydrochelirubine, and dihydrochelerthrine. We found these alkaloids in Bocconia seeds at much higher concentrations (∼50 mg/g seed material) than in leaves. These chemicals are likely responsible for the exceptional longevity of Bocconia seeds in the soil. Phytolacca and Guettarda seeds also remain viable in the soil for long periods probably due to antipathogen chemicals detected in our analyses. In contrast, the species that do not persist (i.e., Urera, Cecropia, and Witheringia) lacked seed defensive chemicals in our assays.Abstract in Spanish is available at http://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp.