bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic profiling of Taxol resistance and sensitivity to tubulin missence mutations at molecular and cellular levels
Authors: Zhou Lihua , Ding Xi , Cao Jingjing , Feng Yu , Gu Yuqin , Liu Ling , Chen Rong , Gao Dongyun , Chen Xiaoling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTaxol (paclitaxel) is the first approved microtubule‐stabilizing agent (MSA) by binding stoichiometrically to tubulin, which is considered to be one of the most significant advances in first‐line chemotherapy against diverse tumors. However, a large number of residue missence mutations harboring in the tubulin have been observed to cause acquired drug resistance, largely limiting the clinical application of Taxol and its analogs in chemotherapy. A systematic investigation of the intermolecular interactions between the Taxol and various tubulin mutants would help to establish a comprehensive picture of drug response to tubulin mutations in clinical treatment of cancer, and to design new MSA agents with high potency and selectivity to overcome drug resistance. In this study, we described an integration of in silico analysis and in vitro assay (iSiV) to profile Taxol against a panel of 149 clinically observed, cancer‐associated missence mutations in β‐tubulin at molecular and cellular levels, aiming to a systematic understanding of molecular mechanism and biological implication underlying drug resistance and sensitivity conferring from tubulin mutations. It is revealed that the Taxol‐resistant mutations can be classified into three types: (I) nonbonded interaction broken due to mutation, (II) steric hindrance caused by mutation, and (III) conformational change upon mutation. In addition, we identified three new Taxol‐resistant mutations (C239Y, T274I, and R320P) that can largely reduce the binding affinity of Taxol to tubulin at molecular level, in which the T274I and R320P were observed to considerably impair the antitumor activity of Taxol at cellular level. Moreover, a novel drug‐susceptible mutation (M363T) was also identified, which improves Taxol affinity by 2.6‐fold and decreases Taxol antitumor EC50 values from 29.4 to 18.7 μM.
Endocrine, cardiac and neuropsychological aspects of adult congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Ridder Lukas Ochsner , Balle Camilla Mains , Skakkebæk Anne , Lind‐Holst Marie , Nielsen Mette Mølby , Hermann Pernille , Hansen Stinus , Nielsen Dorte Guldbrand , Knorr Sine , Andersen Niels Holmark , Viuff Mette Hansen , Berglund Agnethe , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the metabolic, cardiovascular, and neuropsychological phenotype, quality of life (QoL), and hormonal regulation in individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex and, if untreated compensatory hyperandrogenism. CAH is associated with an increased cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity, possibly due to overtreatment with glucocorticoids, leading to weight gain, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome.Design, Participants, MeasurementsThirty‐seven individuals with CAH and 33 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were evaluated at a single centre at Aarhus University Hospital with echocardiography, electrocardiogram, 24‐h blood pressure, biochemistry, anthropometrics, and autism spectrum, anxiety, depression, personality, cognitive failures, and QoL were assessed using questionnaires.ResultsCAH individuals had lower height than controls (170.5 vs. 182.9 cm in males and 160.2 vs. 170.1 cm in females, p < 0.01). Compared with female controls, females with CAH had higher haemoglobin (8.8 vs. 8.2 mmol/L, p = 0.003) and BMI (29.7 vs. 25.5 kg/m2, p = 0.006), reduced insulin sensitivity (HOMA‐IR): 2.7 vs. 1.9, p = 0.018), prolonged E‐wave deceleration time (193 vs. 174 cm, p = 0.015), and E/é ratios (5.4 vs. 4.5, p = 0.017), and lower self‐reported QoL. Males with CAH had more cognitive complaints (p = 0.034) and higher autistic scores (19.9 vs. 14.9; p = 0.068) compared with male controls. More individuals with CAH than controls reported writing problems.ConclusionA sex‐specific comorbidity profile is evident in CAH, with females presenting with decreased metabolic and overall self‐reported health, whereas males with CAH presented with increased cognitive complaints and autistic traits.
Early evolution of Anamorphidae (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea): the oldest known anamorphid beetles from Upper Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar and the first report of potential glandular pores in the family
Authors: Arriaga‐Varela Emmanuel , Szawaryn Karol , Zhou Yu‐Lingzi , Bruthansová Jana , Li Yan‐Da , Tomaszewska Wioletta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to place newly discovered fossil taxa (Palaeosymbius gen. nov. with P. groehni and P. mesozoicus spp. nov.) from the mid‐Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar, we investigated the relations of extant and extinct lineages of the coccinellid group of Coccinelloidea with emphasis on the family Anamorphidae. We assembled a taxonomic sampling of 34 taxa, including 15 genera and 19 species of Anamorphidae, the most comprehensive sampling of Anamorphidae at the generic level in a phylogenetic analysis. A morphological dataset of 47 characters was built as well as a molecular alignment of 7140 bp including fragments of eight genes (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, COI, COII, H3 and CAD). Five anamorphid and one endomychid species were sequenced for the first time and added to the dataset. We performed parsimony‐based analysis of the morphological dataset and Bayesian inference analysis of the combined matrix (morphological plus molecular data). Our results confirm that Palaeosymbius belongs to Anamorphidae and represents the oldest known member of this family so far. Among Anamorphidae, Symbiotes (with extant and known Eocene species) was recovered as the most probable closest relative of Palaeosymbius. Our morphological studies additionally revealed the presence of probable glandular openings in the anterolateral corners of the pronotal margins in Asymbius sp. and Anamorphus sp., representing the first report of secretory openings in the family Anamorphidae. Similar openings are found in other cucujiform beetles such as Cryptophagidae and Boganiidae with possible defensive purposes.
Predictors of potential clinically harmful drug–drug interactions at the medical wards in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City
Authors: Oriaifo Oseremen Godstime , Opadeyi Abimbola Olubukunola , Oriaifo Tracy Oseremen , Isah Ambrose Ohumagho 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrug–drug interactions are preventable causes of adverse events. Different factors have been recognized as important predictors of drug–drug interactions but few studies have addressed these predictors in patients admitted into medical wards of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria hence this study. This was a retrospective study conducted using case records of patients admitted into the medical wards between January 1 and December 31, 2020. Patients were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Socio‐demographic details including age, gender, number of comorbidities, and number of medications prescribed and diagnosis were collected on days 1, 3, and at discharge. Potential drug–drug interactions were checked using Lexi‐interact® software. Analysis was set at p < 0.05. A total of 430 case records were included in this study based on the inclusion criteria. Lexi‐interact recorded a prevalence of (217) 50.5% on day 1, (146) 34.0% on day 3, and (290) 67.4% at discharge. A significant association (p < 0.05) was found between the potential drug–drug interactions (DDI) and an increased number of medicines prescribed on all the days of admission. Also, patients without certain infectious or parasitic diseases have reduced odds of developing DDI. There is a need for continuous monitoring of medications from admission to discharge especially in the elderly, those on multiple medications, certain infectious or parasitic diseases, and comorbidities as these impact on DDIs.
Transforming Assessment: The Impacts and Implications of Large Language Models and Generative AI
Authors: Hao Jiangang , von Davier Alina A. , Yaneva Victoria , Lottridge Susan , von Davier Matthias , Harris Deborah J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe remarkable strides in artificial intelligence (AI), exemplified by ChatGPT, have unveiled a wealth of opportunities and challenges in assessment. Applying cutting‐edge large language models (LLMs) and generative AI to assessment holds great promise in boosting efficiency, mitigating bias, and facilitating customized evaluations. Conversely, these innovations raise significant concerns regarding validity, reliability, transparency, fairness, equity, and test security, necessitating careful thinking when applying them in assessments. In this article, we discuss the impacts and implications of LLMs and generative AI on critical dimensions of assessment with example use cases and call for a community effort to equip assessment professionals with the needed AI literacy to harness the potential effectively.
Tc‐99m‐MIBI SPECT/CT imaging to diagnose secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroid forearm transplantation
Authors: Xu Zhenchun , Zheng Chenxi , Rao Maohua , Xiong Yalan , Tian Yan , Yuan Gengbiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article report a 40‐year‐old male patient who underwent total thyroidectomy and forearm auto‐transplantation in another hospital for secondary hyperparathyroidism. After 4 years of follow‐up, the level of parathyroid hormone continued to increase, and ultrasound showed nodules in the neck and right forearm, which were considered to be of parathyroid origin. Technetium 99m sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography (Tc‐99m‐MIBI SPECT/CT) imaging showed increased radioactive uptake in the submuscular soft tissue nodule of the right medial forearm, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is 0.98, which was identified as transplanted functioning parathyroid tissue. No parathyroid imaging activity was found in the neck. The patient then underwent partial removal of ectopic parathyroid tissue from the right forearm. Pathological examination confirmed parathyroid tissue, and removal was followed by a rapid decline in serum parathyroid hormone levels.
Outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced liver toxicity managed by hepatologists in a multidisciplinary toxicity team
Authors: Ito Takanori , Mizuno Kazuyuki , Yamamoto Takafumi , Yasuda Tsukasa , Yokoyama Shinya , Yamamoto Kenta , Imai Norihiro , Ishizu Yoji , Honda Takashi , Hama Masayo , Kataoka Tomomi , Shimokata Tomoya , Ando Yuichi , Kawashima Hiroki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo detect immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) early and treat them appropriately, our institute established an irAE‐focused multidisciplinary toxicity team in cooperation with various departments. This study aimed to evaluate a consultation system involving a team of hepatologists in terms of its utility for the management of severe immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐induced liver toxicity.MethodsTo analyze the diagnosis and treatment of severe ICI‐induced liver toxicity (Grade 2 requiring corticosteroid therapy and Grade 3 or higher), we examined patients' clinical courses before and after the hepatologist consultation system was established (pre‐period, September 2014 to February 2019; post‐period, March 2019 to March 2023).ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 392 days. Of the 1247 patients with advanced malignancies treated with ICIs, 66 developed severe ICI‐induced liver toxicity (n = 22 and 44 in the pre‐ and post‐periods, respectively). In the pre‐period, hepatologist consultations were sought for 15/22 patients, whereas in the post‐period, 42/44 patients were referred to and treated by hepatologists. The time from the onset of liver toxicity to the consultation was significantly shorter in the post‐period than in the pre‐period (mean 1.9 vs. 6.5 days, respectively; p = 0.012). The number of patients with a biopsy‐confirmed diagnosis of ICI‐induced liver toxicity was significantly higher in the post‐period than in the pre‐period (n = 22 vs. n = 3, respectively; p = 0.006). Finally, there were no cases of immune‐related cholangitis in the pre‐period, compared to five cases in the post‐period.ConclusionA hepatologist consultation system in an irAE‐focused multidisciplinary toxicity team is useful for managing severe ICI‐induced liver toxicity.
Effects of a nurse‐led therapeutic conversations intervention in stroke patient–family caregiver dyads: A randomized control trial
Authors: Tsai Su‐Ju , Li Chia‐Chi , Pai Hsiang‐Chu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have evaluated the effectiveness of family functional care interventions among stroke caregiver dyads. This study aimed to examine the effect of a nurse‐led therapeutic conversation intervention on resilience, family function, self‐efficacy in managing the disease, and quality of life (QoL) in stroke family caregiver dyads.AimsThis study aimed to examine the effect of a nurse‐led therapeutic conversation intervention on resilience, family function, self‐efficacy in managing the disease, and QoL in stroke–family caregiver dyads.DesignThis study was a single‐blind (evaluator) randomized controlled trial. The planned execution time was from August 2021 to December 2022, in the rehabilitation ward of a medical university hospital.MethodsA total of 82 dyads were included in this analysis. Dyads randomized to the intervention group received nurse‐led therapeutic conversations intervention one at four weeks after the patient's hospitalization for a stroke. The family caregiver dyads of stroke survivors in the control group received routine care. An effectiveness analysis that included patients' resilience, self‐efficacy, and patient–family caregiver dyads' family function and QoL was conducted at one month. We used the CONSORT Checklist for reporting parallel group randomized trials in this study.ResultsThe patients in the intervention group showed improvement in resilience and self‐efficacy after one month. Furthermore, the effects on resilience (Cohen's d = 0.49) and self‐efficacy (Cohen's d = 0.46) were significantly higher than in the control group. Family functioning was significantly higher in patient–family caregiver dyads in the intervention group than in the control group (Cohen's d = 0.55; Cohen's d = 0.50). However, no significant difference in QoL was found between patients and caregivers in either group.ConclusionsThe intervention was effective in promoting family functioning and can also promote patient resilience and self‐efficacy in disease management. However, the intervention did not have a significant effect on the QoL of patient–family caregiver dyads.
Effect of quality nursing care on wound pain and anxiety in burn patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Ling , Yuan Bo‐Qin , Ju Yang‐Yang , Liu Wei , Wang Yang‐Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo systematically evaluate the effects of quality nursing care on wound pain and anxiety in burn patients. Computerised searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of quality nursing care to burn patients were carried out from database inception to October 2023. Literature was screened and evaluated by two researchers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted from the final included literature. Stata 17.0 software was employed for data analysis. Overall, 15 RCTs and 1115 burn patients were included, including 563 and 552 in the quality care and routine care groups. It was found that, compared with routine care, burn patients who implemented quality care had significantly less wound pain (SMD: −1.79, 95% CI: −2.22 to −1.36, p < 0.001), anxiety (SMD: −2.71. 95% CI: −3.49 to −1.92, p < 0.001) and depression (SMD: −1.74, 95% CI: −2.35 to −1.14, p < 0.001) levels were significantly reduced post‐trauma.
Australian nursing students' experiences of workplace violence during clinical placement: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Johnston Sandra , Fox Amanda , Patterson Susan , Jones Rikki , Dafny Hila , Pich Jacqueline , Duff Jed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo identify the nature, degree and contributing factors of workplace violence (WPV) incidents experienced by Australian nursing students during clinical placement.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional study.MethodsData were collected from 13 September to 25 November 2022. Eligible participants included all nursing students enrolled in nursing degrees at any Australian university who had completed at least one clinical placement. An adapted version of the WPV in the Health Sector Country Case Study survey was used.ResultsA total of 381 nursing students across eight states of Australia completed the survey. More than half of the students had experienced an episode of WPV; patients were the most frequent perpetrators. Personal factors of patients, staff and students, organizational factors and cultural norms within the workplace supported acts of WPV.ConclusionStudent nurses (SNs) most often experience violence from patients during direct care. Patient encounters are the core component of clinical placement. Education providers have a responsibility to effectively prepare students to be able to identify escalating situations and manage potentially violent situations. Registered nurses who supervise students during clinical placement require support to balance their clinical role with student supervision.Implications for The ProfessionExperiencing WPV can negatively impact relationships between students, healthcare professionals and care recipients. This results in personal distress, decreased job satisfaction and potentially the decision to leave the nursing profession.ImpactWhat already is known: SNs are exposed to WPV during clinical placement.What this paper adds: More than half the SNs in this study experienced violence inclusive of physical, verbal, racial and sexual harassment. Patients were the predominant perpetrators.Implications for practice/policy: Interventions at individual and systemic levels are required to mitigate WPV.Reporting MethodThis study is reported using the STROBE guidelines.
Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy of solitary flat pink lesions: A new combined score to diagnose amelanotic melanoma
Authors: Spadafora M. , Megna A. , Lippolis N. , Cavicchi M. , Borsari S. , Piana S. , Guida S. , Kaleci S. , Chester J. , Pellacani G. , Longo C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDifferential diagnosis of amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma among solitary flat pink lesions is challenging, due to limited clinical and dermoscopic clues. Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy assessments improve diagnostic accuracy, but their combined capacity among solitary flat pink lesions is yet to be defined.ObjectivesTo determine (i) whether diagnostic accuracy is improved with combined dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy, (ii) a model to estimate probability of flat amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma among solitary flat pink lesions.MethodsA retrospective single‐centre study of solitary flat pink lesions, excised for suspected malignancy between 2011 and 2022 was performed. Images were independently evaluated by two dermatologists, blinded to histopathological diagnosis. Diagnostic performance was evaluated on the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve. Predictive features were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A final predictive nomogram of independent risk factors was calculated by backward likelihood ratio. Hypothesis being tested was formulated before data collection.ResultsA total of 184 patients (87 females, 47.3%) were included; mean age was 57.6 years (19–95). Combined dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy was more sensitive (83%, CI 69.2–92.4 and 91.5%, CI 79.6–97.6) than dermoscopy alone (76.6%, CI 62.0–87.7 and 85.1%, CI 71.7–93.8). Predictive features defined the new model, including linear irregular vessels (4.26‐folds, CI 1.5–12.1), peripheral pigment network (6.07‐folds, CI 1.83–20.15), remnants of pigmentation (4.3‐folds, CI 1.27–14.55) at dermoscopy and atypical honeycomb (9.98‐folds, CI 1.91–51.96), disarranged epidermal pattern (15.22‐folds, CI 2.18–106.23), dendritic pagetoid cells in the epidermis (3.77‐folds, CI 1.25–11.26), hypopigmented pagetoid cells (27.05‐folds, CI 1.57–465.5), and dense and sparse nests (3.68‐folds, CI 1.24–10.96) in reflectance confocal microscopy. Diagnostic accuracy of the model was high (AUC 0.91).ConclusionsAdjunctive reflectance confocal microscopy increases diagnostic sensitivity of flat amelanotic/hypomelanotic melanoma differential diagnosis. The proposed model requires validation.
Does salivary pH affect postoperative sore throat in the head‐down position of general anesthesia?
Authors: Koike Masayoshi , Abukawa Yukako , Kaji Keiko , Satou Kazuki , Takahashi Kazunari , Nakamura Makoto , Hasunuma Jun , Imura Hideto , Natsume Nagato , Abukawa Harutsugi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTracheal intubation sometimes causes postoperative sore throat (POST) due to laryngeal damage. However, clinical observations suggest that the environment of the oral cavity may also affect POST.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether salivary pH in the oral cavity affects POST.MethodsAfter obtaining ethical approval, informed consent was obtained from all patients. Patients who underwent surgery in the supine position were enrolled as the control group. Patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery in the head‐down position were enrolled as the intervention group. Immediately before both groups of patients were anaesthetised, expelled saliva was collected, and salivary pH was measured. Immediately postoperatively, the same measurement was carried out before the patient regained consciousness. The primary outcome was the change in salivary pH. The secondary outcome was POST. In our study, POST was defined as pharyngeal and swallowing pain in the glossopharyngeal and superior laryngeal nerves. The normal distribution of pH was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test followed by analysis using repeated‐measurements and one‐way analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set at p < .05.ResultsA total of 62 patients were enrolled, of whom two were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. Salivary pH in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Five patients had POST in the intervention group, whereas none had POST in the control group had POST.ConclusionAcidotic‐shifted saliva is considered one of the causes of POST.