bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight gain and eating disorder symptoms among individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Rienecke Renee D. , Manwaring Jamie , Duffy Alan , Le Grange Daniel , Mehler Philip S. , Blalock Dan V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between weight gain and eating disorder (ED) symptoms among adults receiving treatment for atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN), to determine whether those who had a higher percent of expected body weight (%EBW) at discharge exhibited lower ED symptoms than those who gained less weight, and to compare this group to a matched sample of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodParticipants were 96 adults receiving treatment at an ED treatment facility between December 2020 and May 2023. The Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) was completed at admission and discharge, and %EBW was obtained at admission and discharge.ResultsAll EDE‐Q subscale scores improved from admission to discharge for patients with AAN and patients with AN. Neither %EBW at discharge nor weight gain were associated with EDE‐Q subscale scores for those with AAN. For patients with AN, %EBW at discharge and weight gain were associated with EDE‐Q Restraint at discharge.ConclusionsWeight restoring to a higher level and gaining more weight were not associated with EDE‐Q scores at discharge for AAN. Further research is needed to determine how weight restoration using intensive treatment settings affects remission and recovery in patients with AAN.
Shared genetic risk between major orofacial cleft phenotypes in an African population
Authors: Alade Azeez , Peter Tabitha , Busch Tamara , Awotoye Waheed , Anand Deepti , Abimbola Oladayo , Aladenika Emmanuel , Olujitan Mojisola , Rysavy Oscar , Nguyen Phuong Fawng , Naicker Thirona , Mossey Peter A. , Gowans Lord J. J. , Eshete Mekonen A. , Adeyemo Wasiu L. , Zeng Erliang , Van Otterloo Eric , O'Rorke Michael , Adeyemo Adebowale , Murray Jeffrey C. , Lachke Salil A. , Romitti Paul A. , Butali Azeez 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) represent a large proportion (70%–80%) of all OFCs. They can be broadly categorized into nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO). Although NSCL/P and NSCPO are considered etiologically distinct, recent evidence suggests the presence of shared genetic risks. Thus, we investigated the genetic overlap between NSCL/P and NSCPO using African genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data on NSOFCs. These data consist of 814 NSCL/P, 205 NSCPO cases, and 2159 unrelated controls. We generated common single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs) association summary statistics separately for each phenotype (NSCL/P and NSCPO) under an additive genetic model. Subsequently, we employed the pleiotropic analysis under the composite null (PLACO) method to test for genetic overlap. Our analysis identified two loci with genome‐wide significance (rs181737795 [p = 2.58E−08] and rs2221169 [p = 4.5E−08]) and one locus with marginal significance (rs187523265 [p = 5.22E−08]). Using mouse transcriptomics data and information from genetic phenotype databases, we identified MDN1, MAP3k7, KMT2A, ARCN1, and VADC2 as top candidate genes for the associated SNVs. These findings enhance our understanding of genetic variants associated with NSOFCs and identify potential candidate genes for further exploration.
The market reaction of S&P 500 firms to the SEC's mandatory climate disclosure proposal
Authors: Kim Martin M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines how investors of S&P 500 firms react to the SEC's mandatory climate disclosure proposal announced on March 21, 2022. The result of the event study with a 3‐day window [−1,1] shows a negative 1.1% market reaction to the proposal. The cross‐sectional analysis shows that better ESG performers, higher sales growth firms, and firms with higher Tobin's Q alleviate the negative equity market reactions to the proposal. This study shows how equity market participants react to more stringent ESG‐related disclosure and how the response may relate to S&P 500 firms’ ESG performance, growth, and market performance.
On equitably 2‐colourable odd cycle decompositions
Authors: Burgess Andrea , Merola Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn ‐cycle decomposition of is said to be equitably 2‐colourable if there is a 2‐vertex‐colouring of such that each colour is represented (approximately) an equal number of times on each cycle: more precisely, we ask that in each cycle of the decomposition, each colour appears on or of the vertices of . In this paper we study the existence of equitably 2‐colourable ‐cycle decompositions of , where is odd, and prove the existence of such a decomposition for (mod ).
Longitudinal changes in depression and anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the impact of COVID‐related factors
Authors: Fleming CJ Eubanks , Rose Abbey L. , Franzese Alexis T. , Weaver Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study is an investigation of five specific COVID‐related stressors and their longitudinal impact on adult depression and anxiety.MethodA total of 592 adults comprised the initial sample at Time 1 in April/May 2020. Follow‐ups were conducted about a month later, again in March 2021 and then in March 2022.ResultsApplied linear mixed effect models showed a significant decrease in mean depression scores and anxiety scores from Time 1 to both Times 3 and 4. Neither change over time in anxiety or depression were found to be related to COVID diagnosis, COVID hospitalization, or COVID death. Self‐quarantine was related to changes over time in both depression and anxiety, and household quarantine was related to changes over time in depression.ConclusionWhile the fallout of the pandemic continues, it is important to understand how these factors may be affecting mental health to better understand where intervention is necessary.
Functional diversity of apoptotic vesicle subpopulations from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhang Xuanhao , Yang Jian , Ma Shixing , Gao Xin , Wang Guanyu , Sun Yanping , Yu Yejia , Wang Zhuo , Tian Weidong , Liao Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractApoptosis releases numerous apoptotic vesicles that regulate processes such as cell proliferation, immunity, and tissue regeneration and repair. Now, it has also emerged as an attractive candidate for biotherapeutics. However, apoptotic vesicles encompass a diverse range of subtypes, and it remains unclear which specific subtypes play a pivotal role. In this study, we successfully isolated different apoptotic vesicle subtypes based on their sizes and characterized them using NTA and TEM techniques, respectively. We compared the functional variances among the distinct subtypes of apoptotic vesicles in terms of stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, as well as for endothelial cell and macrophage function, effectively identifying subtypes that exhibit discernible functional differences. ApoSEV (with diameter <1000 nm) promoted stem cell proliferation, migration, and multi‐potent differentiation, and accelerated skin wound healing of diabetes mouse model, while apoBD (with diameter >1000 nm) played the opposite effect on cell function and tissue regeneration. Lastly, employing protein analysis and gene sequencing techniques, we elucidated the intrinsic mechanisms underlying these differences between different subtypes of apoEVs. Collectively, this study identified that apoptotic vesicle subtypes possessed distinct bio‐functions in regulating stem cell function and behaviour and modulating tissue regeneration, which primarily attribute to the distinct profiling of protein and mRNA in different subtypes. This comprehensive analysis of specific subtypes of apoEVs would provide novel insights for potential therapeutic applications in cell biology and tissue regeneration.
Triple coupling random forest approach for bias correction of ensemble precipitation data derived from Earth system models for Divandareh‐Bijar Basin (Western Iran)
Authors: Zebarjadian Faezeh , Dolatabadi Neda , Zahraie Banafsheh , Yousefi Sohi Hossein , Zandi Omid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClimate change is expected to change the frequency, duration, intensity, and pattern of precipitation, underscoring the need for accurate predictive tools. Earth system models (ESMs) serve as invaluable instruments in this endeavour, simulating climate variable variations across temporal and spatial dimensions. This study aims to develop a methodology for generating precise daily precipitation maps by rectifying biases inherent in ESM outputs. The proposed methodology includes downscaling ESM outputs to simulate historical daily grid‐based precipitation, thereby enhancing the fidelity of daily precipitation representation. For this purpose, 14 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were employed. Random forest (RF) machine learning method was used to correct biases in these ESM outputs. This study's novelty lies in integrating results of a grid‐based RF classification model, employed to distinguish between rainy and non‐rainy days, with those obtained by two RF regression models, to estimate precipitation amounts for grid cells receiving extreme and non‐extreme precipitation, to generate an ensemble of ESM outputs. The resulting method, termed the triple coupling method (EN‐RF), was validated using precipitation data from the Divandareh‐Bijar Basin in western Iran to simulate historical climate conditions. Furthermore, the accuracy of the developed triple coupling approach was compared with that of a commonly used single machine learning‐based downscaling model (EN‐Single‐RF). Comparative analysis against a commonly used single machine learning‐based downscaling model (EN‐Single‐RF) revealed the superior performance of the EN‐RF approach in replicating the intensity and distribution of daily precipitation. Furthermore, within the triple coupling framework, support vector machine (SVM) was utilized to simulate daily historical precipitation (EN‐SVM), while the quantile mapping (QM) method served as a benchmark. Comparison of the results showed superiority of the EN‐RF to other methods (EN‐Single‐RF, EN‐SVM, and QM) in terms of various accuracy metrics (Kling‐Gupta Efficiency = 0.95, mean square error = 0.22). The findings indicated the capability of the proposed triple coupling framework using the RF algorithm to simulate the spatio‐temporal distribution of precipitation using the ESM precipitation outputs. The developed framework can be used to produce reliable projections to gain deeper insights into the potential impacts of climate change on regional precipitation patterns.
Don't forget to turn around: A case of hematochezia and tenesmus driven by anorectal inflammatory cloacogenic polyp
Authors: Aguillera Maria , Miller Lacey , Sharma Shagun , Lemus Vivian V. , Pittman Meredith , Wallach Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe report a case of a 13‐year‐old male who presented to the Pediatric Gastroenterology clinic with complaints of abdominal pain and frequent stooling, worsened by hematochezia. Despite undergoing endoscopic evaluation twice within a 1‐year period, the diagnosis of an Inflammatory Cloacogenic Polyp (ICP) was only revealed during the second evaluation, in which rectal retroflexion was performed. This case highlights the importance of maintaining the ICP at the anorectal transitional zone as part of the differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with symptoms of distal colitis.
Physical chemical properties of surfactants in solution and their applications: A comprehensive account
Authors: Moulik Satya Priya , Rakshit Animesh Kumar , Naskar Bappaditya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this brief review, we have discussed various physical chemical principles that guide the functions of surfactants in solution. The surfactants have special functions at the air/liquid and air/solid interfaces forming Gibbs and Langmuir monomolecular films by way of spreading at the interfaces. Their self‐aggregation or micelle formation, a remarkable and useful phenomenon has been presented and elaborated. The application of fundamental physical chemistry principles for the understanding of the energetics of the micelle formation has been discussed. The involvement of surfactants in the formation of soft assembled (condensed) matters namely, vesicles, emulsions, foams, reverse micelles (or, microemulsions), gels, and so forth has been presented. The uniqueness of the “critical micelle concentration” (CMC), and its determination have been briefly presented. Applications of surfactants are numerous. We have briefly cited several applications namely, nano‐material synthesis, detergency, agrochemical formulations, drug delivery, retardation of water evaporation, and so forth. A short account of bio‐related surfactants namely, lung surfactants, bile salts, plant‐and microbe‐generated bio‐surfactants, and their utilities have been also presented.
Accuracy of surgeons for predicting radiological sarcopenia in colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Gonçalves Arthur Foinquinos Krause , de Barros Ana Beatriz Diniz , Castro Lucas Miranda , Dutra Joanna Brayner , Batista Thales Paulo , Martins Antônio Cavalcanti de Almeida , Mello Maria Julia Gonçalves , Leão Cristiano de Souza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study explored the performance of surgeons for predicting radiological sarcopenia as accessed by psoas cross‐sectional area in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out and a diagnostic accuracy strategy was applied using the radiologist team assessment as gold standard.ResultsCohort analysis of 45 consecutive patients found that 31.1% had sarcopenia. Correlation of Total Psoas Index between radiologists and surgeons was very strong for the Junior and strong for the Senior surgeon, with a strong correlation between the surgeons. By the simplistic criterion, agreement between radiologists and surgeons was substantial for both the Junior and Senior surgeons, with a moderate level between the surgeons. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of Junior surgeon were 92.9%, 83.9%, 72.2%, 96.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. The corresponding results for the Senior surgeon were 78.6%, 90.3%, 78.6%, 90.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. We found no major differences on agreement levels and performance of surgeons using the composite criterion.ConclusionsSurgeons seem to be accurate for identifying radiological sarcopenia in patients with CRC. The simplistic criterion should be preferred since a composite criterion adds complexity without increasing accuracy or agreement levels.
Impact of veteran‐led peer mentorship on posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Franco Zeno , Ruffalo Leslie , Curry Bob , Gollin‐Graves Martina , Ahamed Sheikh Iqbal , Winstead Otis , Hooyer Katinka , Pazdera Myah , Rein Lisa , Lizarraga Mazaba Jose , Hossain Md Fitrat , Stoffel Virginia , Flower Mark , Madiraju Praveen , Melka Stephen , Berte Karen , Whittle Jeffrey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPeer mentorship shows promise as a strategy to support veteran mental health. A community–academic partnership involving a veteran‐led nonprofit organization and institutions of higher education evaluated a collaboratively developed peer mentor intervention. We assessed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), postdeployment experiences, social functioning, and psychological strengths at baseline, midpoint, and 12‐week discharge using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory–2, Social Adaptation Self‐evaluation Scale, and Values in Action Survey. Brief weekly check‐in surveys reinforced mentor contact and assessed retention. The sample included 307 veterans who were served by 17 veteran peer mentors. Mixed‐effects linear models found a modest effect for PTSD symptom change, with a mean PCL‐5 score reduction of 4.04 points, 95% CI [−6.44, −1.64], d = 0.44. More symptomatic veterans showed a larger effect, with average reductions of 9.03 points, 95% CI [‐12.11, ‐5.95], d = 0.77. There were no significant findings for other outcome variables. Compared to younger veterans, those aged 32–57 years were less likely to drop out by 6 weeks, aORs = 0.32–0.26. Week‐by‐week hazard of drop‐out was lower with mentors ≥ 35 years old, aHR = 0.62, 95% CI [0.37, 1.05]. Unadjusted survival differed by mentor military branch, p = .028, but the small mentor sample reduced interpretability. Like many community research efforts, this study lacked a control group, limiting the inferences that can be drawn. Continued study of veteran peer mentorship is important as this modality is often viewed as more tolerable than therapy.
Deep‐learning‐powered data analysis in plankton ecology
Authors: Bachimanchi Harshith , Pinder Matthew I. M. , Robert Chloé , De Wit Pierre , Havenhand Jonathan , Kinnby Alexandra , Midtvedt Daniel , Selander Erik , Volpe Giovanni 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe implementation of deep learning algorithms has brought new perspectives to plankton ecology. Emerging as an alternative approach to established methods, deep learning offers objective schemes to investigate plankton organisms in diverse environments. We provide an overview of deep‐learning‐based methods including detection and classification of phytoplankton and zooplankton images, foraging and swimming behavior analysis, and finally ecological modeling. Deep learning has the potential to speed up the analysis and reduce the human experimental bias, thus enabling data acquisition at relevant temporal and spatial scales with improved reproducibility. We also discuss shortcomings and show how deep learning architectures have evolved to mitigate imprecise readouts. Finally, we suggest opportunities where deep learning is particularly likely to catalyze plankton research. The examples are accompanied by detailed tutorials and code samples that allow readers to apply the methods described in this review to their own data.
Synthesis and Controlled Cargo Release of Novel Photoresponsive Polysiloxane‐Based Single‐Chain Nanoparticles
Authors: Alrayyes Abdalrahman , Boga Karteek , Vidallon Mark , Wang Huanting , Saito Kei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein, a novel, highly branched and photoresponsive polysiloxane is synthesized and studied. The polymer is photoconstructed into a single‐chain nanoparticle loaded with Nile Red and Metformin. Through the photoreversible [2+2] mechanism of the polymer's pendant coumarin moieties, the nanoparticles are de‐crosslinked, and their cargo molecules released. A study of the kinetics of release is undertaken in different solvents, providing insight into the relationship between the cargo's molecular structure and that of the polymer chain. On the whole, this report's study introduces new controlled release and cationic ring‐opening polymerization concepts while providing the first example of a single‐chain polymer nanoparticle based on a photoresponsive polysiloxane.
Local Confinement Effects of Block Copolymers Driving Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles into Discrete Pancake‐Shaped Superlattices
Authors: Hong Yutong , Lyu Mengqi , Jiang Ming , Chen Yanyan , Zhao Jiajun , Zhu Haipeng , Xia Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe utilization of polymer conformations to construct a variety of superlattices is a common method within the field. However, this technique often results in only long‐range ordering rather than the formation of distinct superlattices. In this study, a well‐organized array of discrete pancake‐shaped superlattices (DPSs) is successfully obtained through the utilization of air–liquid interface self‐assembly, facilitated by the confined environment created by a block copolymer. It is crucial to note that both the self‐assembly behavior and resulting morphologies of the DPSs can be precisely tuned by adjusting several experimental parameters, most notably the concentration and molecular architecture of the block copolymers. Furthermore, this work provides valuable insights into the formation processes and mechanisms underpinning the DPSs. The approach described here is both straightforward and efficacious, establishing a strong foundation for subsequent research and the development of non‐close‐packed superlattice structures.
Carbon nanomaterials‐based electrically conductive scaffolds for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Abd Genevieve , Díaz Raquel S. , Gupta Anju , Niepa Tagbo H. R. , Mondal Kunal , Ramakrishna Seeram , Sharma Ashutosh , Lantada Andrés D. , Islam Monsur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn tissue engineering, the pivotal role of scaffolds is underscored, serving as key elements to emulate the native extracellular matrix. These scaffolds must provide structural integrity and support and supply electrical, mechanical, and chemical cues for cell and tissue growth. Notably, electrical conductivity plays a crucial role when dealing with tissues like bone, spinal, neural, and cardiac tissues. However, the typical materials used as tissue engineering scaffolds are predominantly polymers, which generally characteristically feature poor electrical conductivity. Therefore, it is often necessary to incorporate conductive materials into the polymeric matrix to yield electrically conductive scaffolds and further enable electrical stimulation. Among different conductive materials, carbon nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in developing conductive tissue engineering scaffolds, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity in both in vitro and in vivo settings. This article aims to comprehensively review the current landscape of carbon‐based conductive scaffolds, with a specific focus on their role in advancing tissue engineering for the regeneration and maturation of functional tissues, emphasizing the application of electrical stimulation. This review highlights the versatility of carbon‐based conductive scaffolds and addresses existing challenges and prospects, shedding light on the trajectory of innovative conductive scaffold development in tissue engineering.
Uncovering the impact of technology convergence on innovation quality: From the perspective of ego‐network dynamics pathway
Authors: Yu Liangru , Yu Bo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the mediating effect of R&D alliance network dynamics on the relationship between technology convergence and firm innovation quality, it further investigates the moderating effect of degree assortativity in the inventor network. An empirical analysis is conducted based on a panel negative binomial regression model with data of Chinese high‐tech firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock from 2000 to 2018. The results show that novel technology convergence not only contributes to innovation quality directly but also indirectly through ego‐network expansion. The relationship between reinforced technology convergence and innovation quality is inverted U‐shaped, partially mediated by ego‐network stability. In addition, degree assortativity suppresses the effects of novel technology convergence on ego‐network expansion and innovation quality and steepens the inverted U‐shaped relationships of reinforced technology convergence with ego‐network stability and innovation quality. This paper contributes to the relevant literature by revealing the links between technology convergence, ego‐network dynamics, and innovation quality, and emphasizing the importance of inventor collaboration ties formation mechanism in knowledge searching and convergent innovation. Furthermore, the conclusion provides managerial suggestions for high‐tech firms to coordinate internal and external resources to improve technical impacts.