bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic machinery of wood-inhabiting fungi that degrade temperate tree species
Authors: Kipping Lydia , Jehmlich Nico , Moll Julia , Noll Matthias , Gossner Martin M , Van Den Bossche Tim , Edelmann Pascal , Borken Werner , Hofrichter Martin , Kellner Harald 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Deadwood provides habitat for fungi and serves diverse ecological functions in forests. We already have profound knowledge of fungal assembly processes, physiological and enzymatic activities, and resulting physico-chemical changes during deadwood decay. However, in situ detection and identification methods, fungal origins, and a mechanistic understanding of the main lignocellulolytic enzymes are lacking. This study used metaproteomics to detect the main extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes in 12 tree species in a temperate forest that have decomposed for 8 ½ years. Mainly white-rot (and few brown-rot) Basidiomycota were identified as the main wood decomposers, with Armillaria as the dominant genus; additionally, several soft-rot xylariaceous Ascomycota were identified. The key enzymes involved in lignocellulolysis included manganese peroxidase, peroxide-producing alcohol oxidases, laccase, diverse glycoside hydrolases (cellulase, glucosidase, xylanase), esterases, and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. The fungal community and enzyme composition differed among the 12 tree species. Ascomycota species were more prevalent in angiosperm logs than in gymnosperm logs. Regarding lignocellulolysis as a function, the extracellular enzyme toolbox acted simultaneously and was interrelated (e.g. peroxidases and peroxide-producing enzymes were strongly correlated), highly functionally redundant, and present in all logs. In summary, our in situ study provides comprehensive and detailed insight into the enzymatic machinery of wood-inhabiting fungi in temperate tree species. These findings will allow us to relate changes in environmental factors to lignocellulolysis as an ecosystem function in the future.
Chronic bee paralysis virus exploits host antimicrobial peptides and alters gut microbiota composition to facilitate viral infection
Authors: Deng Yanchun , Yang Sa , Zhang Li , Chen Chenxiao , Cheng Xuefen , Hou Chunsheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The significance of gut microbiota in regulating animal immune response to viral infection is increasingly recognized. However, how chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) exploits host immune to disturb microbiota for its proliferation remains elusive. Through histopathological examination, we discovered that the hindgut harbored the highest level of CBPV, and displayed visible signs of damages. The metagenomic analysis showed that a notable reduction in the levels of Snodgrassella alvi and Lactobacillus apis, and a significant increase in the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens such as Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter cloacae following CBPV infection. Subsequent co-inoculation experiments showed that these opportunistic pathogens facilitated the CBPV proliferation, leading to accelerated mortality in bees and exacerbation of bloated abdomen symptoms after CBPV infection. The expression level of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) was found to be significantly up-regulated by over 1000 times in response to CBPV infection, as demonstrated by subsequent transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR investigations. In particular, through correlation analysis and a bacteriostatic test revealed that the AMPs did not exhibit any inhibitory effect against the two opportunistic pathogens. However, they did demonstrate inhibitory activity against S. alvi and L. apis. Our findings provide different evidence that the virus infection may stimulate and utilize the host’s AMPs to eradicate probiotic species and facilitate the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria. This process weakens the intestinal barrier and ultimately resulting in the typical bloated abdomen.
Economic Globalization's Polycrisis
Authors: Helleiner Eric 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, I suggest that economic globalization is experiencing a particularly serious kind of crisis: a “polycrisis.” Use of this term has proliferated recently but with many meanings. I propose that it be defined as a cluster of distinct crises that interact in ways that they and/or their effects tend to reinforce each other. This core definition enables the identification of distinct types of polycrises that capture multiple uses of the term to date. These types vary according to the spatiality, temporality, and level of generality of each polycrisis as well as the traits of its constituent crises. The analytical utility of the term, when defined in this way, is to encourage scholars to analyze interconnections between different kinds of crises across various issue areas and to reject monocausal analyses of crisis clusters they study. Applying this understanding of the concept to the study of economic globalization, I focus on five constituent crises that are contributing to its current polycrisis. This application of the term highlights yet another type of polycrisis, illustrating the importance of the conceptual issues raised above. The article concludes with some cautions about efforts to predict economic globalization's future and about ways in which polycrisis discourse may serve political projects.
Central Bankers in Crisis: Interpersonal Trust, Cooperation, and the Creation of the Fed Swap Network during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Sahasrabuddhe Aditi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
How do policymakers respond to global crises? I argue that interpersonal trust enables policymakers to engage in ad hoc cooperation, in conditions of crisis and uncertainty. Leaders’ differentiated ties by degree—of stronger, looser, or absent—interpersonal trust influenced economies’ access to Federal Reserve swap lines over costlier unilateral and multilateral alternatives during the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Using this framework, I re-examine the emergence of the Fed swap network. I triangulate evidence from elite interviews with central bankers in office during the crisis, and transcripts of Fed meetings. My findings highlight the role of interpersonal trust as an operating variable in shaping patterns of international cooperation and problematize the politics of technocratic governance. While necessary and successful, these crisis management policies reinforce global hierarchies and exacerbate the democratic deficit in central banking. This article thus draws attention to the contentious and undemocratic foundations of the global financial safety net.
Canon and Cultural Negotiation
Authors: Hick Darren Hudson , Derksen Craig 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
By questions of “canon,” we mean questions of what is fictionally true of some character, story, or world. What is canon is treated as authoritative or official, usually by creators and fans alike. But disputes about canon have arisen as storytellers and publishers have sought to capitalize on the popularity of their characters, churning out more and more stories to meet public demand, and at the same time engaging with growing fan bases. As audiences have become more involved, and as fictional worlds have become messier, the authoritative nature of canon—and who authorizes it—has begun to erode. In this paper, we characterize canon as an article in the evolving relation between authors and audiences. More specifically, we characterize canon as an intangible good, subject to a form of cultural negotiation, resting on a power relation between producers and consumers of fictions. In Part I, we consider the author’s evolving role, and the rights of the creator to a story, character, or world. In Part II, we discuss the emerging activities of fans, particularly as they weigh on issues of canon. In Part III, we discuss canon as being subject to cultural negotiation, highlighting the importance of power dynamics in this negotiation.
Seed-borne bacterial synthetic community resists seed pathogenic fungi and promotes plant growth
Authors: Luo De-Lin , Huang Shi-Yi , Ma Chen-Yu , Zhang Xiang-Yu , Sun Kai , Zhang Wei , Dai Chuan-Chao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
In this study, the control effects of synthetic microbial communities composed of peanut seed bacteria against seed aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus flavus and root rot by Fusarium oxysporum were evaluated.

Methods and results
Potentially conserved microbial synthetic communities (C), growth-promoting synthetic communities (S), and combined synthetic communities (CS) of peanut seeds were constructed after 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing, strain isolation, and measurement of plant growth promotion indicators. Three synthetic communities showed resistance to root rot and CS had the best effect after inoculating into peanut seedlings. This was achieved by increased defense enzyme activity and activated salicylic acid (SA)-related, systematically induced resistance in peanuts. In addition, CS also inhibited the reproduction of A. flavus on peanut seeds and the production of aflatoxin. These effects are related to bacterial degradation of toxins and destruction of mycelia.

Conclusions
Inoculation with a synthetic community composed of seed bacteria can help host peanuts resist the invasion of seeds by A. flavus and seedlings by F. oxysporum and promote the growth of peanut seedlings.
Nonthermal plasma air disinfection for the inactivation of airborne microorganisms in an experimental chamber and indoor air
Authors: Li Ye , Wei Lanfen , Lin Junming , Xie Zhongyi , Lu Longxi , Pan Xieshang , Xu Ji , Cai Ran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Airborne transmission of diseases presents a serious threat to human health, so effective air disinfection technology to eliminate microorganisms in indoor air is very important. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a non-thermal plasma (NTP) air disinfector in both laboratory experiments and real environments.

Methods and results
An experimental chamber was artificially polluted with a bioaerosol containing bacteria or viruses. Additionally, classroom environments with and without people present were used in field tests. Airborne microbial and particle concentrations were quantified. A 3.0 log10 reduction in the initial load was achieved when a virus-containing aerosol was disinfected for 60 min and a bacteria-containing aerosol was disinfected for 90 min. In the field test, when no people were present in the room, NTP disinfection decreased the airborne microbial and particle concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). When people were present in the room, their constant activity continuously contaminated the indoor air, but all airborne indicators decreased (P &lt; 0.05) except for planktonic bacteria (P = 0.094).

Conclusions
NTP effectively inactivated microorganisms and particles in indoor air.
Decomposing and simplifying the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool—a module from the Taiwan-specific calculator
Authors: Li Chia-Chun , Liu I-Ting , Cheng Tien-Tsai , Liang Fu-Wen , Sun Zih-Jie , Chang Yin-Fan , Chang Chin-Sung , Yang Yi-Ching , Lu Tsung-Hsueh , Kuo Li-Chieh , Wu Chih-Hsing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®) is a widely utilized country-specific calculator for identifying individuals with high fracture risk; its score is calculated from 12 variables, but its formulation is not publicly disclosed. We aimed to decompose and simplify the FRAX® by utilizing a nationwide community survey database as a reference module for creating a local assessment tool for osteoporotic fracture community screening in any country. Participants (n = 16384; predominantly women (75%); mean age = 64.8 years) were enrolled from the Taiwan OsteoPorosis Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional community survey collected from 2008 to 2011. We identified 11 clinical risk factors from the health questionnaires. BMD was assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a mobile DXA vehicle, and 10-year fracture risk scores, including major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture (HF) risk scores, were calculated using the FRAX®. The mean femoral neck BMD was 0.7 ± 0.1 g/cm2, the T-score was −1.9 ± 1.2, the MOF was 8.9 ± 7.1%, and the HF was 3.2 ± 4.7%. Following FRAX® decomposition with multiple linear regression, the adjusted R2 values were 0.9206 for MOF and 0.9376 for HF when BMD was included and 0.9538 for MOF and 0.9554 for HF when BMD was excluded. The FRAX® demonstrated better prediction for women and younger individuals than for men and elderly individuals after sex and age stratification analysis. Excluding femoral neck BMD, age, sex, and previous fractures emerged as 3 primary clinical risk factors for simplified FRAX® according to the decision tree analysis in this study population. The adjusted R2 values for the simplified country-specific FRAX® incorporating 3 premier clinical risk factors were 0.8210 for MOF and 0.8528 for HF. After decomposition, the newly simplified module provides a straightforward formulation for estimating 10-year fracture risk, even without femoral neck BMD, making it suitable for community or clinical osteoporotic fracture risk screening.
Outcomes of a mandatory non-medical switch of infliximab to a biosimilar for inflammatory bowel disease in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Hoang Thomas Tam , Reid Jacqueline , Galorport Cherry , Bressler Brian , Leung Yvette , Rosenfeld Greg 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite infliximab biosimilars becoming widely used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, real-world non-medical switching is sparse. A biosimilar non-medical switch was launched in British Columbia in 2019, the first Canadian province to do so, from Remicade to an approved biosimilar (CT-P13 or SB2).

Aims
This study aims to obtain real-world evidence evaluating the clinical outcomes of non-medical switching from Remicade to the infliximab biosimilars.

Methods
This is a retrospective observational study of stable IBD patients from the IBD Centre of BC who underwent the non-medical infliximab switch. The primary outcome is treatment continuation at 12 ± 2 months post-switch. Secondary outcomes include frequency of loss of response, adverse events, and immunogenicity within the first 12 months post-switch. A control group of patients maintained on the originator served as a comparison.

Results
Patients in the biosimilar switch group (n = 264) and originator group (n = 99), show similar demographics and disease characteristics. There was no difference in infliximab continuation between the biosimilar group (94.9%) and the originator group (90.1%) (P = 0.18). Reasons for discontinuation of infliximab included loss of response (4.04% vs 4.91%), immunogenicity (1.01% vs 0.75%), or adverse effect (1.01% vs 2.3%) in the infliximab originator vs biosimilar switch group, respectively. Similarly, no differences in safety or efficacy were observed between patients switched to CT-P13 or SB2.

Conclusions
Non-medical biosimilar switch of infliximab demonstrates similar clinical outcomes compared to originator molecule continuation for therapy of IBD. These data support the safety and efficacy of non-medical infliximab switching in IBD patients.
Multi-strategy augmented Harris Hawks optimization for feature selection
Authors: Zhao Zisong , Yu Helong , Guo Hongliang , Chen Huiling 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the context of increasing data scale, contemporary optimization algorithms struggle with cost and complexity in addressing the feature selection (FS) problem. This paper introduces a Harris hawks optimization (HHO) variant, enhanced with a multi-strategy augmentation (CXSHHO), for FS. The CXSHHO incorporates a communication and collaboration strategy (CC) into the baseline HHO, facilitating better information exchange among individuals, thereby expediting algorithmic convergence. Additionally, a directional crossover (DX) component refines the algorithm's ability to thoroughly explore the feature space. Furthermore, the soft-rime strategy (SR) broadens population diversity, enabling stochastic exploration of an extensive decision space and reducing the risk of local optima entrapment. The CXSHHO's global optimization efficacy is demonstrated through experiments on 30 functions from CEC2017, where it outperforms 15 established algorithms. Moreover, the paper presents a novel FS method based on CXSHHO, validated across 18 varied datasets from UCI. The results confirm CXSHHO's effectiveness in identifying subsets of features conducive to classification tasks.
Evolution of individual variation in a competitive trait: a theoretical analysis
Authors: Reinhold Klaus , Eigentler Lukas , Kikuchi David W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
When competitive traits are costly, negative frequency dependence can maintain genetic variance. Most theoretical studies examining this problem assume binary polymorphisms, yet most trait variation in wild populations is continuous. We propose that continuous trait variation can result from continuous variation in resource quality and that, specifically, the shape of the resource distribution determines trait maintenance. We used an individual-based model to test which conditions favour the stable maintenance of variation and which cause temporal fluctuations in trait values. This approach, inspired by contrasting outcomes of previous studies regarding variance and fluctuations in trait values, clearly showed a decisive role played by the shape of resource distributions. Under extreme conditions, e.g., the absence of resource variation or with very scarce resources for weak competitors, traits evolved to a single non-competitive or highly competitive strategy, respectively. Most other distributions led to strong temporal fluctuations on trait values or the maintenance of stable, standing variation. Our results thus explain the contradicting outcomes of previous theoretical studies and, at the same time, provide hypotheses to explain the maintenance of genetic variation and individual differences. We suggest ways to empirically test the proposed effects of resource variation on trait maintenance.
Evaluating the use of common grasses by the wheat stem sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) and its native parasitoids in rangeland and Conservation Reserve Program grasslands
Authors: Rand Tatyana A , Kula Robert R , Gaskin John F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a major pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Poales: Poaceae) across the northern Great Plains of North America. Cephus cinctus has a wide host range, attacking numerous wild grasses and cultivated cereals in crop and grassland habitats, where it is, in turn, attacked by 2 native braconid parasitoids. Quantitative assessments of C. cinctus infestation and parasitism levels in different grass species across the full spectrum of available hosts are important in assessing the extent to which grasslands, or specific constituent grass species, may be reservoirs of pests or parasitoids moving into wheat. We quantified infestation and parasitism levels in over 25,000 stems collected from 17 grass species and wheat spanning 35 sites in central Montana, United States, over 2 yr. Infestation levels in 5 grass species, primarily wheatgrasses, were high (38%–65%) and similar to the levels observed in wheat (55%). In contrast, the majority of grass species (12 of 17) had significantly lower levels of infestation (&lt;10%), suggesting that most grasses are not important reservoirs of C. cinctus. Parasitism levels in highly infested wheatgrasses were, on average, 3 times higher than those in cultivated wheat, suggesting that these grasses could provide important conservation habitat for parasitoids. Future work examining the relative performance of pests and parasitoids in these grasses will be important in gauging their relative value as plant materials to bolster parasitoid conservation in reseeded grassland habitats.
Chemical and transcriptomic analyses of leaf trichomes from Cistus creticus subsp. creticus reveal the biosynthetic pathways of certain labdane-type diterpenoids and their acetylated forms
Authors: Papanikolaou Antigoni S , Papaefthimiou Dimitra , Matekalo Dragana , Karakousi Christina-Vasiliki , Makris Antonios M , Kanellis Angelos K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Labdane-related diterpenoids (LRDs), a subgroup of terpenoids, exhibit structural diversity and significant commercial and pharmacological potential. LRDs share the characteristic decalin–labdanic core structure that derives from the cycloisomerization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). Labdanes derive their name from the oleoresin known as ‘Labdanum’, ‘Ladano’, or ‘Aladano’, used since ancient Greek times. Acetylated labdanes, rarely identified in plants, are associated with enhanced biological activities. Chemical analysis of Cistus creticus subsp. creticus revealed labda-7,13(E)-dien-15-yl acetate and labda-7,13(E)-dien-15-ol as major constituents. In addition, novel labdanes such as cis-abienol, neoabienol, ent-copalol, and one as yet unidentified labdane-type diterpenoid were detected for the first time. These compounds exhibit developmental regulation, with higher accumulation observed in young leaves. Using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of young leaf trichomes, it was possible to identify, clone, and eventually functionally characterize labdane-type diterpenoid synthase (diTPS) genes, encoding proteins responsible for the production of labda-7,13(E)-dien-15-yl diphosphate (endo-7,13-CPP), labda-7,13(E)-dien-15-yl acetate, and labda-13(E)-ene-8α-ol-15-yl acetate. Moreover, the reconstitution of labda-7,13(E)-dien-15-yl acetate and labda-13(E)-ene-8α-ol-15-yl acetate production in yeast is presented. Finally, the accumulation of LRDs in different plant tissues showed a correlation with the expression profiles of the corresponding genes.
Waveform reconstruction of core-collapse supernova gravitational waves with ensemble empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Yuan Yong , Fan Xi-Long , Lü Hou-Jun , Sun Yang-Yi , Lin Kai 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Gravitational waves (GWs) from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) have been proposed as a probe to investigate the physical properties inside supernovae. However, how to search for and extract the GW signals from CCSNe remains an open question owing to their complicated time–frequency structure. In this paper, we apply the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method to decompose and reconstruct simulated GW data generated by the magnetorotational mechanism and the neutrino-driven mechanism within the Advanced LIGO, using the match score as the criterion for assessing the quality of the reconstruction. The results indicate that by decomposing the data, the sum of the first six intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) can be used as the reconstructed waveform. To determine the probability that our reconstructed waveform corresponds to a real GW waveform, we calculate the false alarm probability of reconstruction (FAPR). By setting the threshold of the match score to be 0.75, we obtain the FAPRs of GW sources at distances of 5 and 10 kpc to be 6 × 10−3 and 1 × 10−2, respectively. If we normalize the maximum amplitude of the GW signal to 5 × 10−21, the FAPR at this threshold is 4 × 10−3. Furthermore, in our study, the reconstruction distance is not equivalent to the detection distance. When the strain of GWs reaches 7 × 10−21, and the match score threshold is set at 0.75, we can reconstruct GW waveforms up to approximately 36 kpc.