bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A process perspective on the expatriate social capital – knowledge transfer and expatriate adjustment relationships
Authors: Wang Chun-Hsiao , Chen Yu-Ping 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model explicating the development of expatriate social capital and its influence on expatriate effectiveness in terms of knowledge transfer and adjustment. Drawing upon social capital theory and weak tie theory, we elucidate the process through which expatriate social capital facilitates expatriate knowledge transfer and adjustment via greater access of role information and social support.Design/methodology/approachThis study reviews and distills research on expatriate social capital development and proposes a conceptual model of expatriate effectiveness and suggests potential research avenues for global mobility scholars.FindingsThis study contributes to the understanding of the development of expatriate social capital in the host country and its impacts on expatriate effectiveness as a process. With regard to expatriates’ social capital accumulation, this study also highlights the important but less-known role of accompanying spouse/family members as expatriates’ weak tie enablers. We articulate a framework that outlines the sources of social capital for expatriates and the processes through which social capital transmits (via expatriates’ access to role information and social support) and then enhances expatriate effectiveness. This conceptual model aims to establish a basic “roadmap” for use by practitioners and researchers.Research limitations/implicationsBefore the proposed conceptual model can be theoretically refined or extended by future research, its veracity needs to be tested empirically. Although we do not incorporate “time,” “personal characteristics” and “context” in our model, we recognize their potential importance and urge future researchers to incorporate them in studying the role of social capital on expatriate effectiveness.Practical implicationsA conceptual model is presented that enables multinational corporations (MNCs) to map their current (and future) strategies to enhance expatriate effectiveness by further strengthening the expatriate social capital.Originality/valueDrawing upon social capital theory and weak tie theory, this paper links various sources of expatriate social capital to expatriates’ access to role information and social support in supporting expatriate effectiveness. From this, several avenues of future research are drawn.
Law enforcement perceptions of job stress and barriers to supportive resources when working child sexual abuse cases in the southern United States
Authors: Nichols Lisa , Bowen Kendra N. 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to examine law enforcement officers' perspectives on job stress and barriers to supportive resources when working child sexual abuse cases in a large southern state. It is well documented in the literature that professionals who work in healthcare, emergency services and law enforcement face tremendous amounts of stress and consequences to their physical and mental health. Little research has been done to examine how child sexual abuse investigations impact law enforcement, and how these specialized officers perceive access to supportive resources.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study was part of a larger quantitative study and included 20 law enforcement officers who participated in anonymous, semi-structured phone interviews.FindingsFindings included (1) child sexual abuse cases are difficult, specialized and disturbing (2) barriers to supportive resources include law enforcement culture, the stigma of asking for help, awareness and accessibility of resources and leadership as gatekeeper to the resources and (3) officers perceive both formal and informal resources to be helpful and at best should be proactively available to all officers in the state. A model of the findings was developed to illustrate the implications for practitioners and scholars.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was not without weaknesses, specifically the small number of participants, volunteer sampling does not represent the general population and the sampling technique means some demographics may have been missed by researchers.Practical implicationsThis study adds to the literature on law enforcement mental health, occupational health and mental health resources. It confirms established research in the literature and provides insight into officer perspectives about barriers that prevent access to informal and formal supports that could improve their emotional well-being.Originality/valueThis study is the first of its kind, to our knowledge, that asks detectives and investigators of child abuse cases about mental health resources. These law enforcement officers are at high-risk for traumatic stress, compassion fatigue and burnout due to the specialized cases they investigate.
Phylogeographic incongruence between two related Geranium species with divergent habitat preferences in East Asia
Authors: Kurata Seikan , Sakaguchi Shota , Hirota Shun K. , Kurashima Osamu , Suyama Yoshihisa , Ito Motomi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlant species with overlapping distributions are expected to experience the same historical events. In contrast, species with different preferred habitat types may exhibit incongruent phylogeographic patterns because of their habitat‐dependent demographic changes in spite of their overlapping distributions. On the western side of the Japanese Archipelago, boreal forest and non‐forest vegetation were dominant during the last glacial period; subsequently, temperate forests expanded, and open vegetation (e.g., grasslands) decreased. Such vegetation shifts can result in incongruent phylogeographic patterns among temperate forest and grassland species; however, few phylogeographic studies have investigated this hypothesis. Here, we evaluated the phylogeographic structure of two related Geranium species that occur in grassland (Geranium krameri) and temperate forest (Geranium shikokianum) habitats using chloroplast genome sequencing and nuclear genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping. The phylogeographic structure was stronger for the temperate forest species than the grassland species, despite its currently scattered distribution for grassland species. The observed patterns indicate that the phylogeographic histories of these species were influenced by their habitat configurations since the last glacial period. During the ice age, grasslands in Japan were much more widespread than today; this would have enabled the grassland species to form a continuous distribution, leading to low divergence among regional populations. In contrast, the significant genetic divergence within the forest species can be attributed to the glacial isolation of regional populations. Our genetic results suggest that vegetation transitions have variously controlled the population dynamics of two species with overlapping distributions.
The ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus ammoniavirescens influences the effects of salinity on loblolly pine in response to potassium availability
Authors: Rose Benjamin D. , Dellinger Marissa A. , Larmour Clancy P. , Polishook Mira I. , Higuita‐Aguirre Maria I. , Dutta Summi , Cook Rachel L. , Zimmermann Sabine D. , Garcia Kevin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSalinity is an increasing problem in coastal areas affected by saltwater intrusion, with deleterious effects on tree health and forest growth. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi may improve the salinity tolerance of host trees, but the impact of external potassium (K+) availability on these effects is still unclear. Here, we performed several experiments with the ECM fungus Paxillus ammoniavirescens and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in axenic and symbiotic conditions at limited or sufficient K+ and increasing sodium (Na+) concentrations. Growth rate, biomass, nutrient content, and K+ transporter expression levels were recorded for the fungus, and the colonization rate, root development parameters, biomass, and shoot nutrient accumulation were determined for mycorrhizal and non‐mycorrhizal plants. P. ammoniavirescens was tolerant to high salinity, although growth and nutrient concentrations varied with K+ availability and increasing Na+ exposure. While loblolly pine root growth and development decreased with increasing salinity, ECM colonization was unaffected by pine response to salinity. The mycorrhizal influence on loblolly pine salinity response was strongly dependent on external K+ availability. This study reveals that P. ammoniavirescens can reduce Na+ accumulation of salt‐exposed loblolly pine, but this effect depends on external K+ availability.
The backlash against free movement: Does EU‐internal migration fuel public concerns about immigration?
Authors: STOETZER LUKAS F. , KROH MARTIN , DASEY LEONARD 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe free movement of people is a fundamental principle of the European Union (EU) that has led to an increase in EU‐internal migration. This study investigates the impact of increased immigration to Germany resulting from the 2004 and 2007 eastern enlargement of the EU on concerns about immigration within the German population. By merging 20 years of annual migration statistics with panel data on individual attitudes and exploiting exogenous variation in the gradual enlargement of the free movement policy, we examine the causal effects of EU‐internal migration on immigration concerns. Our findings suggest that the influx of immigrants from new member states did not have a clear average effect on concerns about immigration, but increased concerns among German natives with materialist‐survival values. The study provides insights into the societal division caused by opposition to immigration as part of the European integration process.
Long‐term outcomes of definitive radiation with volumetric modulated arc therapy and concurrent chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus in a regional Australian cancer centre
Authors: Hsieh Michael Ti , Shakespeare Thomas Philip , Winkley Lauren , Goonetilleke Daniel , Yap Shaun Zheng Liang , Tahir Abdul Rahim Mohd 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionConcurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care in the curative intent treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus. Volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) is a highly conformal radiation therapy technique that has been implemented to reduce toxicity for these patients. However, there are few reports evaluating the long‐term outcomes of VMAT. Thus, we evaluated the survival and toxicity outcomes of anal cancer patients treated in our regional cancer centre undergoing curative intent chemoradiotherapy using VMAT and following the Australian EviQ guidelines.MethodsAll consecutive patients treated with the VMAT technique for curative‐intent definitive chemoradiotherapy for anal SCC at our institution from 2013 until 2022 were retrospectively reviewed for survival and toxicity outcomes. Kaplan–Meier estimates of locoregional control, distant metastasis‐free survival, disease‐free survival, anal cancer‐specific survival and overall survival were obtained.ResultsIn total, 44 patients were analysed. The median follow‐up was 48.9 months (Range 7.8–107). 97.7% of patients completed the prescribed radiation therapy and 88.6% chemotherapy. Five patients (11.4%) recurred. Four (9.1%) had isolated local failures, and one (2.3%) had an isolated distant failure. There were no regional nodal failures. The Kaplan–Meier estimates for locoregional control, distant metastasis‐free survival, disease‐free survival, anal cancer‐specific survival and overall survival were 90.3%, 97.7%, 88.1%, 97.1% and 87% at 3 years, and 90.3%, 97.7%, 88.1%, 93.0% and 72.3% at 5 years, respectively. Acute grade 3 genitourinary (GU), gastrointestinal (GI) and skin toxicities occurred in 2.2%, 6.8% and 13.6% of patients, respectively. There were no acute grade 4 toxicities. Late grade 2 GU and GI toxicities occurred in 6.8% and 11.3% of patients, respectively. There were no late grade 3 or 4 toxicities or treatment‐related deaths. The 5 ‐year colostomy‐free survival rate was 86.4%.ConclusionOutcomes for anal SCC after definitive chemoradiotherapy using VMAT in our regional cancer centre results in low rates of grade 3/4 toxicity, high rates of organ preservation and excellent survival outcomes.
Are multiple projections necessary when assessing umbilical venous catheter placement in neonates? A retrospective study
Authors: Yeoh Melanie , Erickson Jonathan , Desai Saumil , Hazeldine Beth , Thomas Rebecca , Gibson Craig , Powers Neil , Falkner Nathalie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is variability in clinical practice regarding the number of radiographic views required to accurately determine umbilical venous catheter (UVC) tip position. Some units prefer performing a single anteroposterior (AP) view and others do both AP and lateral views. The aim of this study was to compare the need for one versus two radiographical views to accurately determine UVC tip position.MethodsRadiographs of 382 infants (all gestations) from two level six neonatal units were included in the study. Patients with congenital anomalies and those who had adjustment of UVC position between AP and lateral films being performed were excluded. Six clinicians reviewed anonymized AP only images and documented UVC tip position. Subsequently, they reviewed both AP and lateral views and again documented the UVC tip position. Results were compared to the expert consensus which was taken from the consensus of two paediatric radiologists.ResultsThe study population had a mean gestational age of 32.8 weeks and birth weight of 2190 g, with 58% males. The UVC tip positions were accurately determined 76% times by the AP view alone and 82% times by using both the AP and lateral views (P < 0.001). The low placed UVC tip position which is the most inappropriate for use was more accurately determined by two images (78% times) rather than single image (70% times) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsUtilising both AP and lateral views was superior in accurately determining UVC tip position to AP view alone.
Hydroxychloroquine had neutral effect on long‐term risk of malignancy in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A population‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hou Xiu‐Juan , Chang Renin , Wang Yu‐Hsun , Kang Tian‐Lun , Wei James Cheng‐Chung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe cancer risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients has been discussed. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may exert protective effects against malignancy. The study investigated the association between HCQ use and the risk of subsequent malignancy in RA patients.MethodsCatastrophic illness certificated RA patients were extracted from the National Health Insurance Research Database. The index date was set 180 days after the RA diagnosis date to avoid immortal time bias. Two groups were matched in a 1‐to‐1 ratio by propensity score regarding age, gender, index date, relevant comorbidities, and comedication. HCQ users prior to the diagnosis of RA were exempted to ensure compliance with the new‐user design. Cancers diagnosed before or less than 180 days after the index date were excluded to mitigate protopathic bias. The study adopted the Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards model to examine the association between HCQ use and cancer risk. The assumption of proportional hazard was also tested.ResultsBased on strict criteria, we included 492 eligible RA patients and divided them into study and control groups (N = 246 in each group). HCQ users exhibited a neutral risk of cancer relative to the controls (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.44–2.21, p > .05). The assumption of proportional hazard was not violated.ConclusionThis study does not observe the effect of using HCQ as a primary regimen to prevent cancer in RA patients. We are assured that HCQ is not associated with an increased risk of subsequent malignancy in RA patients. Further mechanistic research is needed.
Reporting Control Deficiencies in Repeat Internal Audit Engagements*
Authors: Favere‐Marchesi Michael 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the reporting of control deficiencies in repeat internal audit engagements. Experienced internal auditors were presented with a hypothetical case in which they were asked about the likelihood of reporting an internal control deficiency discovered last year but which was, “through an oversight,” not reported to company management. The study varies whether the deficiency is an operational control or an internal control over financial reporting and who identified but failed to report the deficiency last year (either the participant, the participant's colleague whom they like and admire, or a colleague whom they neither like nor dislike). The results show that internal auditors are less likely to report an operational deficiency (versus a financial reporting deficiency) in the current year that was not reported last year. Further, internal auditors are less likely to report a control deficiency in the current year when they themselves or a colleague they like and admire (versus a colleague they feel neutral about) failed to report it last year.
Impact of feeding native Caatinga pasture on the rumen histomorphometry of sheep raised in semi‐extensive management
Authors: Leite Eglésia Rodrigues , Conde Júnior Aírton Mendes , Fonseca Clarisse Maria Barbosa , de Almeida Monteiro Hatawa Melo , de Carvalho Maria Acelina Martins , de Melo Wanderson Gabriel Gomes , Teodoro Ana Lúcia , de Jesus Silva Daniel , da Silva Oliveira Larissa Stefany , Ferraz José Cláudio Barros , de Oliveira Bezerra Dayseanny 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the northeastern region of Brazil, sheep and goat farming, encompassing around 20 million animals, is predominantly a subsistence activity. Forage quality plays a crucial role in animal productivity, posing a complex interplay between plant and animal aspects. The Caatinga biome, vital for livestock in the region, serves as a significant source for animal diet through pastures. This study aimed to conduct a histomorphometric evaluation of sheep rumens in a semi‐extensive system, comparing those feeding on native Caatinga pastures to those on cultivated pastures. Histological processing followed standard protocols, with morphometry focusing on six viable rumen papillae and the submucosa and muscular layer thickness. Statistical correlation analysis revealed morphological differences in papillae across various rumen regions. Morphometric data indicated no significant difference in papillae area between the groups, with average values in Group A surpassing those in Group B, except for width. This study establishes a morphological and morphometric pattern for rumen regions linked to diet types—native or cultivated. The findings not only enhance understanding of the dietary foundation in the Caatinga's extensive system, but also contribute valuable insights for formulating nutritional strategies to enhance sheep production in the region. This research sheds light on the intricacies of forage‐based animal nutrition, particularly in semi‐extensive systems, offering a foundation for future studies and practices to optimise livestock management in the northeastern Brazilian context.
Complexity of surgery and treatment burden in patients with peritoneal malignancy is not determined by addition of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Steffens Daniel , Ansari Nabila , Koh Cherry , Ahmadi Nima , Solomon Michael J. , Hogan Sophie , Karunaratne Sascha , Anderson Teresa , Harvey Kiel , McBride Kate , Moran Brendan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes surgical and quality of life outcomes in patients with peritoneal malignancy treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) alone compared with a subgroup treated with CRS and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).MethodsPeritoneal malignancy patients undergoing surgery between 2017 and 2023 were included. The cohort was divided into patients treated by CRS and HIPEC and those treated by CRS without HIPEC (including CRS only or maximal tumour debulking (MTB)). Main outcomes included surgical outcomes, survival, and quality of life. Groups were compared using non‐parametric tests and log‐rank test was used to compare survival curves.Results403 had CRS and HIPEC, 25 CRS only and 15 MTB. CRS and HIPEC patients had a lower peritoneal carcinomatosis index (12.0 vs. 17.0 vs. 35.0; P < 0.001) and longer surgical operative time (9.3 vs. 8.3 vs. 5.2 h; P < 0.001), when compared to CRS only and MTB, respectively. No other significant difference between groups was observed.ConclusionsThe optimal management of selected patients with resectable peritoneal malignancy incorporates a combined strategy of CRS and HIPEC. When HIPEC is not utilized, due to significant residual disease or comorbidity precluding safe delivery, CRS alone is associated with good outcomes. Hospital stay and complications are acceptable but not significantly different to the CRS and HIPEC group. CRS alone is a complex intervention requiring comparable resources with good outcomes. In view of our findings ‘intention to treat’ with CRS and HIPEC should be the basis for resource allocation and funding.
Pathogenesis of MASLD and MASH – role of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity
Authors: Bansal Shalini K. , Bansal Meena B. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundInsulin resistance and lipotoxicity are extremely interconnected but fundamental in setting the stage for the development of MASLD/MASH.Aim/MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed and key themes were synthesised to provide insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in the liver, muscle, pancreas and adipose tissue and how organ cross‐talk is fundamental to driving disease pathogenesis.ResultsClassical thinking postulates that excess FFA load exceeds the storage capacity of adipose tissue, which is predicated upon both genetic and environmental factors. This results in insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia by pancreatic beta cells to overcome target organ insulin resistance. As adipocyte dysfunction worsens, not only are excess FFA delivered to other organs, including skeletal muscle, pancreas and liver but a pro‐inflammatory milieu is established with increases in IL‐6, TNF‐α and changes in adipokine levels (increased leptin and decreased adiponectin). With increased intramuscular lipid accumulation, lipotoxic species decrease insulin signalling, reduce glucose uptake by downregulation of GLUT4 and decrease glycogen synthesis. With this additional reduced capacity, hyperglycaemia is further exacerbated and increased FFA are delivered to the liver. The liver has the largest capacity to oxidise fat and to adapt to these stressors and, therefore, has become the last line of defence for excess lipid storage and utilisation, the capacity of which may be impacted by genetic and environmental factors. However, when the liver can no longer keep up with increasing FFA delivery and DNL, lipotoxic species accumulate with ensuing mitochondrial dysfunction, increased ER stress, oxidant stress and inflammasome activation, all of which drive hepatocyte injury and apoptosis. The resulting wound healing response, marked by stellate cell activation, drives collagen accumulation, progressive fibrosis, and, ultimately, end organ failure and death. This vicious cycle and complex interplay between insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia, lipotoxicity and multi‐directional cross‐talk among different target organs are critical drivers of MASLD/MASH.ConclusionsTargeting tissue‐specific insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia while decreasing FFA load (lipotoxicity) through dietary and lifestyle changes remain the best upstream interventions.