bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vital Force and homœopathy
Authors: Hacker C.F. 
Published: November 2006

Summary1. A connection is found between Hahnemann's conception of Vital Force and that of Cannon's “homœostasis”, which is maintained by the autonomic nervous system.2. Vital Force is traced to source in the embryo as it builds its body. It is seen laying down the “dynamic determination” on the multiplying tissue cells, and operating from the central mesodermal column, the notochord, to induct the Individuation Field of the elongating gastrula and differentiating neurula.3. A vital link between the notochord and the diencephalic centres isemphasized.4. The period of functional development sees the embryonic strugglebetween the autonomic system and the gene award. Such conflict is causative of defective autonomic balance, and the results have been noted by Hahnemann as the miasma, the psora, the sycoses.5. The thalamus, as the seat of sensory consciousness receiving both visceral and somatic sensory impulses transmits the sensory tone of the underlying autonomic fluster to the cerebral cortex for cognition. Such cognition is reported as symptoms, “I. …, My …”, thus giving the homœopathic picture of the “abnormally disturbed Vital Force”.6. The factors required in the blood's biochemical changes to maintain constant its pH level are given. The varying balance of the NaHCO3/H2CO3 content and Ca/K ratio may be related to Schuessler's “tissue remedies”.7. Such acid-base equilibrium is dependent on the autonomic functioning, which if impaired in the embryonic conflict is causative of allergy.8. Investigation of allergic factors produces an interesting formula ofhomœopathic significance, that shows the selected homœopathic remedy to be the catalyst key which declutches the autonomic imbalance.9. The varying bioelectric potential across the autonomic nerve gangliabetween diencephalic centres and fluid matrix brings about their functional activity and depression.10. A plea is made for a biochemical test of autonomic functioning.The autonomic nervous system is the meeting-ground of the homœopathicand allopathic divisions of medicine.If the disease process is acute or prolonged without permitting adequate intervals of functional rest to enable regrowth of its essential chromatin store, neurone degeneration follows. Such changes are not related to any specific bacterial action, but result from continuous functioning to exhaustion.The initial build-up of the autonomic path in reaction-response to externalstimuli is the essential basis of the individual's “modalities”.
Characterization of a Divinyl Ether Biosynthetic Pathway Specifically Associated with Pathogenesis in Tobacco
Authors: Fammartino Alessandro , Cardinale Francesca , Göbel Cornelia , Mène-Saffrané Laurent , Fournier Joëlle , Feussner Ivo , Esquerré-Tugayé Marie-Thérèse 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), an elicitor- and pathogen-induced 9-lipoxygenase (LOX) gene, NtLOX1, is essential for full resistance to pathogens, notably to an incompatible race of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn race 0). In this work, we aimed to identify those oxylipins induced during attempted infection by Ppn race 0 and down-regulated in NtLOX1 antisense plants. Here we show that colneleic and colnelenic acids, which significantly inhibit germination of Ppn zoospores, are produced in roots of wild-type plants inoculated with Ppn, but are down-regulated in NtLOX1 antisense plants. A search for a tobacco gene encoding the enzyme involved in the formation of these divinyl ether (DVE) fatty acids resulted in the cloning and characterization of a DVE synthase (DES) clone (NtDES1). NtDES1 is a 9-DES, specifically converting fatty acid 9-hydroperoxides into DVE fatty acids. NtDES1 has the potential to act in combination with NtLOX1 because, in the presence of the two enzymes, linoleic and linolenic acids were converted in vitro into colneleic and colnelenic acids, respectively. In addition, the pattern of NtDES1 gene expression was quite similar to that of NtLOX1. Their transcripts were undetected in healthy tissues from different plant organs, and accumulated locally and transiently after elicitation and fungal infection, but not after wounding. Visualization of NtDES1-yellow fluorescent protein and NtLOX1-cyan fluorescent protein fusion proteins in tobacco leaves indicated that both localize in the cytosol and are excluded from plastids, consistent with the presumed location of the 9-LOX pathway in plants and the lack of transit peptides for NtLOX1 and NtDES1, respectively. Our data suggest that, in tobacco, NtDES1 and NtLOX1 act together and form DVEs in response to pathogen attack and that this class of oxylipins modulates in vivo the outcome of the tobacco-Ppn race 0 interaction.
The Crystal Structure of Arabidopsis thaliana Allene Oxide Cyclase: Insights into the Oxylipin Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Hofmann Eckhard , Zerbe Philipp , Schaller Florian 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
We describe the crystallization and structure elucidation of Arabidopsis thaliana allene oxide cyclase 2 (AOC2), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of jasmonates. In a coupled reaction with allene oxide synthase, AOC2 releases the first cyclic and biologically active metabolite, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). AOC2 (AT3G25770) folds into an eight-stranded antiparallel β-barrel with a C-terminal partial helical extension. The protein forms a hydrophobic binding cavity with two distinct polar patches. AOC2 is trimeric in crystals, in vitro and in planta. Based on the observed folding pattern, we assigned AOC2 as a low molecular weight member of the lipocalin family with enzymatic activity in plants. We determined the binding position of the competitive inhibitor vernolic acid (a substrate analog) in the binding pocket. Based on models for bound substrate 12,13-epoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid and product OPDA, we propose a reaction scheme that explains the influence of the C15 double bond on reactivity. Reaction is promoted by anchimeric assistance through a conserved Glu residue. The transition state with a pentadienyl carbocation and an oxyanion is stabilized by a strongly bound water molecule and favorable π–π interactions with aromatic residues in the cavity. Stereoselectivity results from steric restrictions to the necessary substrate isomerizations imposed by the protein.
Low Electrical Percolation Threshold of Silver and Copper Nanowires in Polystyrene Composites
Authors: Gelves G. A. , Lin B. , Sundararaj U. , Haber J. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSilver and copper nanowires have been synthesized using a scalable method of AC electrodeposition into porous aluminum oxide templates, which produces gram quantities of metal nanowires ca. 25 nm in diameter and up to 5 and 10 μm in length for Ag and Cu, respectively. The nanowires have been used to prepare polystyrene nanocomposites by solution processing. Electrical resistivity measurements performed on polymer nanocomposites containing different volume fractions of metal indicate that low percolation thresholds of nanowires are attained between compositions of 0.25 and 0.75 vol %.
Platinum Binuclear Complexes as Phosphorescent Dopants for Monochromatic and White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ma B. , Djurovich P. I. , Garon S. , Alleyne B. , Thompson M. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEfficient blue‐, green‐, and red‐light‐emitting organic diodes are fabricated using binuclear platinum complexes as phosphorescent dopants. The series of complexes used here have pyrazolate bridging ligands and the general formula C∧NPt(μ‐pz)2PtC∧N (where C∧N = 2‐(4′,6′‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N,C2′, pz = pyrazole (1), 3‐methyl‐5‐tert‐butylpyrazole (2), and 3,5‐bis(tert‐butyl)pyrazole (3)). The Pt–Pt distance in the complexes, which decreases in the order 1 > 2 > 3, solely determines the electroluminescence color of the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Blue OLEDs fabricated using 8 % 1 doped into a 3,5‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) host have a quantum efficiency of 4.3 % at 120 Cd m–2, a brightness of 3900 Cd m–2 at 12 V, and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.11, 0.24). Green and red OLEDs fabricated with 2 and 3, respectively, also give high quantum efficiencies (∼ 6.7 %), with CIE coordinates of (0.31, 0.63) and (0.59, 0.46), respectively. The current‐density–voltage characteristics of devices made using dopants 2 and 3 indicate that hole trapping is enhanced by short Pt–Pt distances (< 3.1 Å). Blue electrophosphorescence is achieved by taking advantage of the binuclear molecular geometry in order to suppress dopant intermolecular interactions. No evidence of low‐energy emission from aggregate states is observed in OLEDs made with 50 % 1 doped into mCP. OLEDs made using 100 % 1 as an emissive layer display red luminescence, which is believed to originate from distorted complexes with compressed Pt–Pt separations located in defect sites within the neat film. White OLEDs are fabricated using 1 and 3 in three different device architectures, either with one or two dopants in dual emissive layers or both dopants in a single emissive layer. All the white OLEDs have high quantum efficiency (∼ 5 %) and brightness (∼ 600 Cd m–2 at 10 V).
Familism and mental health: variation between Asian American children of refugees and immigrants
Authors: Ying Yu‐Wen , Han Meekyung 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInformed by a psychoanalytic theory, the current study aimed to examine variation in the acculturation of Asian American refugees and immigrants, their children's endorsement of familism, and its mental health consequences. Specifically, we hypothesized that refugees would acculturate less than immigrants, which, in turn, would partially mediate a higher endorsement of familism in the former's children. Furthermore, we hypothesized that familism would negatively impact the mental health of children of refugees but not that of children of immigrants. The study used data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS). A group of 491 Asian American refugee and 391 immigrant parents and their adolescent children served as the sample. As predicted, refugees were less acculturated than immigrants, which partially mediated the effect of migration type on their children's level of familism. Also, as predicted, familism negatively impacted the mental health of children of refugees but not that of children of immigrants. Implications for mental health services targeting this population are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcatheter repair of iatrogenic left ventricular free‐wall perforation
Authors: Vogel Rolf , Windecker Stephan , Meier Bernhard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLeft ventricular free‐wall perforation can complicate catheter‐based diagnostic or interventional procedures and may require immediate needle pericardiocentesis followed by surgical repair in about 20% of the cases. We describe the transcatheter closure of a left ventricular free‐wall perforation as an option in the event of maintained access to the perforation site after defect creation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary air embolism: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dib Joud , Boyle Andrew J. , Chan Michael , Resar Jon R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCoronary air embolism is a complication in the catheterization laboratory that can be associated with high morbidity and even mortality. A case report of air embolism and methods to prevent this complication from occurring are presented along with various management techniques. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac catheterization in infants weighing less than 1,500 grams
Authors: Sutton Nicole , Lock James E. , Geggel Robert L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground:The improved survival of very low‐birth‐weight (<1,500 g) infants justifies more aggressive attempts to treat underlying congenital heart disease than in the past.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed all catheterizations performed at our institution between January 1, 1990 and June 1, 2004 in infants weighing <1,500 g. We performed a 3:1 case–control study. Comparisons were randomly selected from a group of patients catheterized within 6 months of the cases and weighing 2–3 kg. All catheterization data, angiograms, and hospital charts were reviewed.Results:Eighteen patients weighing <1,500 g underwent catheterization. Fifty‐four patients were selected as comparisons. There were no significant differences in the age at catheterization, procedure time, fluoroscopy time, or contrast amount (cc/kg). The lower‐birth‐weight infants were more likely to be premature (median age 29 vs. 37 weeks, P < 0.001), and to have left‐sided obstructive lesions including aortic stenosis or coarctation. The comparison patients were more likely to be postoperative (28% vs. 0%, P = 0.02), and included a higher number with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. There was an increased incidence of interventions performed in the lower‐birth‐weight infants (83% vs. 41%, P = 0.002). There was a difference in the interventions performed between the two groups: the comparisons had more atrial septal procedures, and the lower‐birth‐weight infants had more coarctation dilations and aortic valve dilations. There were no significant differences in the acute success rate of the procedures (100% vs. 95%), overall complication rate (56 vs. 57%), incidence of blood transfusions (44 vs. 30%), or major complications (11 vs. 13%) between the lower‐birth‐weight and comparison groups respectively. There was a trend towards higher survival rate in the comparison group in this small study population, but it did not reach significance (80 vs. 61%, P = 0.13).Conclusions:Cardiac catheterization in neonates <1,500 g is more likely to include percutaneous intervention, especially on the left side, but is generally successful with a complication rate similar to procedures performed in larger infants. Although these procedures are rare, improved miniaturization of equipment would facilitate safer interventions. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dissymmetrical Double Schiff Base Cu(II) Homobinuclear and Cu(II)‐Mg(II)‐Cu(II) Heterotrinuclear Complexes
Authors: Tao Ruo‐Jie , Mei Chong‐Zhen , Liu Bing‐Tao , Niu Jing‐Yang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHomobinuclear complex (HCuL)2 (1) (H3L: N‐3‐carboxylsalicylidene‐N′‐salicylaldehyde‐1,2‐diaminoethane) was obtained from self‐organization of the reported complex HCuL, and its crystal structure was determined through X‐ray diffraction at room temperature. The crystal of complex 1 belongs to monolinic system, the space group Cc, a=2.5326(5) nm, b=0.88861(18) nm, c=1.3738(3) nm, β=96.95(3)°, Z=4, R1=0.0520, wR2=0.1185. (HCuL)2 is a dimeric molecule and has extended phenolic oxygen‐bridged structure. In addition, using mononuclear complex HCuL as building blocks, Cu(II)‐Mg(II)‐Cu(II) heterotrinuclear complex 2 was synthesized, and its crystal structure also has been determined by X‐ray analysis. The crystal of complex 2 is of monoclinic system, space group Pc, a=1.1816(2) nm, b=1.5599(3) nm, c=1.9642 (4) nm, β=98.22°, Z=2, R1=0.0701, wR2=0.1498. Each dissymmetrical cell unit of complex 2 contains two heterotrinucler neutral molecules: {[CuL(H2O)]Mg[CuL(CH3OH)]} and {[CuL]Mg[CuL(H2O)]}.
Development of an RPLC‐based Method for Measurement of Indoprofen Stability and Validation of the Method
Authors: Liou Yi‐Bo , Chen Fu‐An , Lee Jen‐Ai , Ho Hsiu‐O , Wu An‐Bang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method for quantitative measurement of the photochemical decomposition of the anti‐inflammatory agent, indoprofen (INP) is descriped. An RPLC‐based assay that could determine the extent of degradation of INP in a rapid, sensitive, and accurate manner was developed. The method was validated under photoirradiation. Quantitation was monitored with an Inertsil ODS‐3V column using a mobile phase of acetonitril and 1% HOAc solution in deionized H2O. Statistics relevant to the system criteria, peak integrity and resolution among the parent drug and its degradation products were performed. From the intra‐ and inter‐day tests, the coefficients of variation were found to range from 0.59% to 4.25% for the former and from 0.71% to 4.86% for the latter. The good selectivity and specificity of this RPLC‐based procedure render it suitable for measurements of INP stability.
Synthesis, Mesogenic and Spectroscopic Properties of 2,5‐Disubstituted Thiophene Derivatives
Authors: Han Jie , Wang Yan‐Mei , Wang Xiao‐Guang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo series of 2,5‐disubstituted thiophene derivatives (series 1: 2,5‐bis(p‐alkoxyphenylethynyl)thiophene and series 2: 2,5‐bis[p‐(p‐alkoxyphenylethynyl)(phenylethynyl)]thiophene) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and elemental analysis. The relationship between the structure and the mesogenic and spectroscopic properties has been discussed. The results show that compounds 1a–1f all exhibited an enantiotropic nematic mesophase, which was confirmed by the polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanningcalorimeter (DSC) and variable temperature powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). In contrast, the extended conjugated analogues 2a–2b had no liquid crystal properties. As for the spectroscopic properties, incorporating more phenylethynyl units results in red‐shifted absorption and emission spectra, greatly enhanced quantum efficiency.
Implicit domain decomposition methods for coupled analysis of offshore platforms
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos Vinícius , Correa Fabrício Nogueira , Jacob Breno Pinheiro 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis work presents the implementation of optimized numerical tools for the coupled analysis of floating platforms for offshore oil exploitation. The focus is on time‐domain, nonlinear dynamic analysis, considering the coupling between the hydrodynamic behaviour of the hull and the structural behaviour of the mooring lines and risers modelled by finite elements (FEs). Some aspects of the formulation and solution of the large‐amplitude equations of motion of the hull of the platform are presented, including a brief description of the hydrodynamic models and calculation of the environmental forces. The main aspects of the formulation for the spatial and time discretization of the structural model for the lines are also discussed. Since coupled analyses may require excessive computational costs, the objective of this work is to present the implementation and application of domain decomposition methods, adapted and specialized for the problem at hand, in order to optimize the efficiency of the computational tool. Two groups of domain decomposition methods are considered: the first is a subcycling technique that takes into account the natural partition that exists between the hull and the lines; the second considers the internal decomposition of the mesh of FEs to represent the mooring lines and risers. The methods are devised having in mind their implementation in computers with parallel architecture. Results of a numerical application are presented in order to assess the performance of the methods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of bulimia nervosa: Where are we and where are we going?
Authors: Mitchell James E. , Agras Stewart , Wonderlich Stephen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this article is to review the extant treatment literature on bulimia nervosa and to offer suggestions for future research directions.Method:The available treatment studies regarding both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy are reviewed.Results:Both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy appear to play a role in the treatment of bulimia nervosa; however, available data suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy remains the treatment of choice.Conclusion:Additional work is clearly indicated regarding assisted and unassisted self‐help. An enhanced form of CBT and the integrative cognitive‐affective therapy both deserve further study. New approaches need to be piloted. More research is needed on treatment modeling. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Coordinative Versatility of Guanazole [3,5‐Diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole]: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, EPR, and Magnetic Properties of a Dinuclear and a Linear Trinuclear Copper(II) Complex Containing Small Bridges and Triazole Ligands
Authors: Aznar Elena , Ferrer Sacramento , Borrás Joaquín , Lloret Francesc , Liu‐González Malva , Rodríguez‐Prieto Héctor , García‐Granda Santiago 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNew complexes with guanazole (3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole = Hdatrz), [Cu2(Hdatrz)2(μ‐OH2)(H2O)4(SO4)](SO4)·3.5H2O (1) and [Cu3(Hdatrz)4(μ‐Cl)2(H2O)4(SO4)2]·11.4H2O (2), have been prepared and structurally characterized. Complex 1 is a noncentrosymmetric dinuclear compound in which the copper(II) ions are bridged by two triazole ligands and one μ‐OH2 molecule, with a Cu(1)···Cu(2) distance of 3.4945(8) Å. The chromophores are Cu(1)N2O2O′ (square pyramidal), and Cu(2)N2O2O′O″ (octahedral). Complex 2 has a linear trinuclear copper(II) structure, with two crystallographically independent copper(II) atoms. Neighboring copper(II) ions are linked by two triazole ligands and one slightly asymmetric chlorido bridge. The intratrimeric Cu(1)···Cu(2) distance is 3.5602 (4) Å. Cu(2), the central copper, is coordinated to N4Cl2 (octahedral) while Cu(1), the terminal copper, is coordinated to N2O2ClO′ (also octahedral). Magnetic susceptibility measurements (2–300 K) are in accordance with the dinuclear (1) and trinuclear (2) nature of these compounds. The best‐fit parameters, obtained with the Hamiltonian H =–JΣi<jSiSj, are as follows: g = 2.10(1) and J = –94.3(2) cm–1 for 1; and gcentral = 2.12(1), gperipheral = 2.07(1), and J =–89.9(3) cm–1 for 2. Compound 1, which has an unprecedented folded bridging {Cu(N–N)2Cu} system, exhibits a magnetic exchange comparable to that of related planar compounds. Comparison of the magneto‐structural properties of 2 with those of analogous linear trinuclear compounds has made a first approach to the relative magnitude of the J value possible. The Q‐band powder spectra, which were recorded in a range from 4 K to room temperature, are in agreement with the magnetic susceptibility measurements. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)