bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty Acid Specificity of Candida cylindracea Lipase
Authors: Lie Øyvind , Lambertsen G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCandida cylindracea lipase (SIGMA) was tested against triglycerides (TG) and wax esters (WE) of marine origin as substrates. Under the same conditions, wax esters were hydrolysed at a lower rate than the triglycerides. The C14 to C18 saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were preferentially hydrolysed whereas the longer chain monoenes (20:1 and 22:1) and particularly the polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:4,20:5 and 22:6) were resistant to the hydrolysis in triglycerides as well as in wax esters. No specificity was demonstrated for the fatty alcohols in the wax esters.
Kinetik der Fetthärtung und Vergleich verschiedener Katalysatoren
Authors: Münzing M. , Kut O. M. , Gut G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUnter spezieller Berücksichtigung der cis/trans‐Isomerie wurde die selektive Hydrierung pflanzlicher Fettrohstoffe in einem Rührautoklaven unter kinetisch kontrollierten, isothermen Bedingungen und konstantem Wasserstoffdruck untersucht. Verschiedene Katalysatoren wie Nickel, Palladium, Platin und Rhodium auf Kohle sowie Kupferchromit zeigten große Unterschiede bezüglich Aktivität und Selektivität, verhielten sich jedoch sehr ähnlich bezüglich der Bildung von trans‐Isomerem. Die Elaidinsäure (trans) wird größtenteils im Verlauf der Linolsäureabsättigung zum Monoen gebildet. Kinetische Messungen am System Sojaöl/Kupferchromit ergaben, daß der Wasserstoffdruck den größten Einfluß auf Selektivität und Isomerenverteilung ausübt. Mit einem modifizierten Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Modell konnten alle Phänomene des Reaktionssystems beschrieben werden. Die berechneten Konzentrationsverläufe stimmen mit den gemessenen für ganz unterschiedliche Edukte wie Raps‐, Oliven‐, Soja‐, Sonnenblumen‐ und Distelöl gut überein.
Acacia suma Seed Oil‐Characterization of a HBr‐Reactive Acid
Authors: Ansari M. H. , Ahmad M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe seed oil of Acacia suma (Leguminosae) was found to have a HBr‐reactive fatty acid along with other usual fatty acids. On the basis of chemical, spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques the HBr‐reactive acid was identified as cis‐9, 10‐epoxy‐cis‐12‐octadecenoic (coronaric) acid. This acid makes up 10.6% of the total oil triglycerides.
Safety of re‐cycled plastics for food contact materials: Testing to define a functional barrier
Authors: Laoubi S. , Feigenbaum A. , Vergnaud J. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRe‐cycled polymers can be used for food packaging with a layer of virgin polymer as a functional barrier protecting the food from contamination by material from the re‐cycled layer. A mathematical treatment of the diffusion of the contaminant (initially at a uniform concentration in the re‐cycled plastic) is made by considering the diffusion through the two layers with a constant diffusivity.In order to better define the role of the functional barrier, the case without transfer of contaminant through the external surfaces is considered. Dimensionless numbers are used so as to draw master curves either for the kinetics of contaminant transfer or for the profiles of concentration of contaminant in the material. The efficiency of the functional barrier can be defined by the lag time for the start of migration.
Continuous shipboard sampling system for determination of triple oxygen isotopes and O2/Ar ratio by dual‐inlet mass spectrometry
Authors: Sarma V. V. S. S. , Abe O. , Yoshida N. , Saino T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA continuous shipboard sampling system was developed for the determination of the isotopic composition of the triple oxygen isotopes and oxygen to argon (O2/Ar) ratios in dissolved air. In this system, dissolved air is separated by a hollow fiber membrane degassing module. This system collects dissolved air quantitatively and rapidly. The sample flow rate through the membrane is critical for the fractionation of the oxygen isotopes and the O2/Ar ratio and should be <2 mL/min. Fractionation of oxygen between the liquid and gas phase of the air‐saturated water was found to be similar to that of earlier reports. The advantages of this method over existing techniques include rapid collection of samples (30 min/sample), high efficiency in extraction of gases from the liquid phase, and the lack of a sample preparation step (e.g. degassing). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Equivalence of AR‐representations in the light of the impulsive‐smooth behaviour
Authors: Pugh A. C. , Antoniou E. N. , Karampetakis N. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe paper presents a new notion of equivalence of non‐regular AR‐representations, based on the coincidence of the impulsive‐smooth behaviours of the underlying systems. The proposed equivalence is characterized by a special case of the usual unimodular equivalence and a restriction of the matrix transformation of full equivalence (Int. J. Control 1988; 47(1):53–64). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Directions for Starch and Glucose Research
Authors: Whistler Roy L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEnzymes have become a prime commercial tool for modification of starch and glucose. Today we see enzymes used to convert starch to glucose and again to convert glucose to a mixture of glucose and fructose, invert sugar in the terminology of cane and beet sugar manufacturers. We will expect to see greater use of enzymes to modify starch granules to produce a new way of dextrinization of starch. Enzymes may also be used to modify starch molecules to increase the degree of branching producing new properties among which can be those giving solutions of low viscosity, but high solids contents. Starch or glucose derivatives can also be sources of sugar for derivatizing protein to produce glycoproteins a potential new class of water soluble gums or food additives. Low caloric sweetners are possibly by more extensive modification of glucose similar to thio‐glucose or sugar sweetner attached to nondigestible polysaccharides such as cellulose. Isomerization of glucose to fructose can provide crystalline fructose which may find wider use in special diet foods. Appropriate derivatization of starch could produce polymers compatible with pure synthetic plastics in which they could act to modify and improve plastic properties.
Besonderheiten bei der Reinigung kohlenhydratreicher Abwässer
Authors: Kollatsch D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractParticularities in Purification of Carbohydrate Waste Waters. Biological purification of mostly carbohydrate‐containing waste waters leads to the formation of a very light activated sludge as experiments in practice invariably show. In general, microscopy shows a bacterial sustance which is highly permeated by threadlike microorganism. This bulky sludge, characterized by little to very little dry substance, does not only impede a good or at least satisfactory utilization of the activation stage but also hinders and disturbs separation of purified water and activated sludge.With an anaerobic pre‐treatment of carbohydrate waste waters these water may be altered to a degree which enables their subsequent bio‐chemical purification under normal activated sludge conditions. This combination within an anaerobic‐aerobic process is currently used for purification of waste waters from sugar production, production of hard beards and in the process of spirit manufacturing. In these industries waste heat is used as energy carrier in the anaerobic stage, and waste water is partly degraded during its conversion. Respective combinations of processes seem possible and necessary for purification of waste waters from starch factories.
OmicBrowse: a browser of multidimensional omics annotations
Authors: Toyoda Tetsuro , Mochizuki Yoshiki , Player Keith , Heida, Norio Kobayashi Naohiko , Sakaki Yoshiyuki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: OmicBrowse is a browser to explore multiple datasets coordinated in the multidimensional omic space integrating omics knowledge ranging from genomes to phenomes and connecting evolutional correspondences among multiple species. OmicBrowse integrates multiple data servers into a single omic space through secure peer-to-peer server communications, so that a user can easily obtain an integrated view of distributed data servers, e.g. an integrated view of numerous whole-genome tiling-array data retrieved from a user's in-house private-data server, along with various genomic annotations from public internet servers. OmicBrowse is especially appropriate for positional-cloning purposes. It displays both genetic maps and genomic annotations within wide chromosomal intervals and assists a user to select candidate genes by filtering their annotations or associated documents against user-specified keywords or ontology terms. We also show that an omic-space chart effectively represents schemes for integrating multiple datasets of multiple species.Availability: OmicBrowse is developed by the Genome-Phenome Superbrain Project and is released as free open-source software under the GNU General Public License atContact: toyop@gsc.riken.go.jp
Estimatingp-values in small microarray experiments
Authors: Yang Hyuna , Churchill Gary 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMotivation: Microarray data typically have small numbers of observations per gene, which can result in low power for statistical tests. Test statistics that borrow information from data across all of the genes can improve power, but these statistics have non-standard distributions, and their significance must be assessed using permutation analysis. When sample sizes are small, the number of distinct permutations can be severely limited, and pooling the permutation-derived test statistics across all genes has been proposed. However, the null distribution of the test statistics under permutation is not the same for equally and differentially expressed genes. This can have a negative impact on both p-value estimation and the power of information borrowing statistics.Results: We investigate permutation based methods for estimating p-values. One of methods that uses pooling from a selected subset of the data are shown to have the correct type I error rate and to provide accurate estimates of the false discovery rate (FDR). We provide guidelines to select an appropriate subset. We also demonstrate that information borrowing statistics have substantially increased power compared to the t-test in small experiments.Contact: garyc@jax.orgSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Dependence network modeling for biomarker identification
Authors: Qiu Peng , Wang Z. Jane , Liu K. J. Ray , Hu Zhang-Zhi , Wu Cathy H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMotivation: Our purpose is to develop a statistical modeling approach for cancer biomarker discovery and provide new insights into early cancer detection. We propose the concept of dependence network, apply it for identifying cancer biomarkers, and study the difference between the protein or gene samples from cancer and non-cancer subjects based on mass-spectrometry (MS) and microarray data.Results: Three MS and two gene microarray datasets are studied. Clear differences are observed in the dependence networks for cancer and non-cancer samples. Protein/gene features are examined three at one time through an exhaustive search. Dependence networks are constructed by binding triples identified by the eigenvalue pattern of the dependence model, and are further compared to identify cancer biomarkers. Such dependence-network-based biomarkers show much greater consistency under 10-fold cross-validation than the classification-performance-based biomarkers. Furthermore, the biological relevance of the dependence-network-based biomarkers using microarray data is discussed. The proposed scheme is shown promising for cancer diagnosis and prediction.Availability: See supplements:Contact: qiupeng@umd.edu
Towards clustering of incomplete microarray data without the use of imputation
Authors: Kim Dae-Won , Lee Ki-Young , Lee Kwang H. , Lee Doheon 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMotivation: Clustering technique is used to find groups of genes that show similar expression patterns under multiple experimental conditions. Nonetheless, the results obtained by cluster analysis are influenced by the existence of missing values that commonly arise in microarray experiments. Because a clustering method requires a complete data matrix as an input, previous studies have estimated the missing values using an imputation method in the preprocessing step of clustering. However, a common limitation of these conventional approaches is that once the estimates of missing values are fixed in the preprocessing step, they are not changed during subsequent processes of clustering; badly estimated missing values obtained in data preprocessing are likely to deteriorate the quality and reliability of clustering results. Thus, a new clustering method is required for improving missing values during iterative clustering process.Results: We present a method for Clustering Incomplete data using Alternating Optimization (CIAO) in which a prior imputation method is not required. To reduce the influence of imputation in preprocessing, we take an alternative optimization approach to find better estimates during iterative clustering process. This method improves the estimates of missing values by exploiting the cluster information such as cluster centroids and all available non-missing values in each iteration. To test the performance of the CIAO, we applied the CIAO and conventional imputation-based clustering methods, e.g. k-means based on KNNimpute, for clustering two yeast incomplete data sets, and compared the clustering result of each method using the Saccharomyces Genome Database annotations. The clustering results of the CIAO method are more significantly relevant to the biological gene annotations than those of other methods, indicating its effectiveness and potential for clustering incomplete gene expression data.Availability: The software was developed using Java language, and can be executed on the platforms that JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is running. It is available from the authors upon request.Contact: dwkim@cau.ac.kr
Neurologic and histologic outcome after intraneural injections of lidocaine in canine sciatic nerves
Authors: Kapur E. , Vuckovic I. , Dilberovic F. , Zaciragic A. , Cosovic E. , Divanovic K.‐A. , Mornjakovic Z. , Babic M. , Borgeat A. , Thys D. M. , Hadzic A. 
Published: November 2006

Background:  Inadvertent intraneural injection of local anesthetics may result in neurologic injury. We hypothesized that an intraneural injection may be associated with higher injection pressures and an increase in the risk of neurologic injury.Methods:  The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of laboratory animal care, and was approved by the Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee. Fifteen dogs of mixed breed (16–21 kg) were studied. After general endotracheal anesthesia, the sciatic nerves (n= 30) were exposed bilaterally. Under direct vision, a 25‐gauge, long‐beveled needle (30°) was placed either epineurally (n= 10) or intraneurally (n= 20), and 4 ml of preservative‐free lidocaine 20 mg/ml was injected using an automated infusion pump (4 ml/min). Injection pressure data were acquired using an in‐line manometer coupled to a computer via an analog‐to‐digital conversion board. After injection, the animals were awakened and subjected to serial neurologic examinations. One week later, the dogs were killed, the sciatic nerves excised and histologic examination was performed by pathologists blind to the purpose of the study.Results:  All perineural injections resulted in low pressures (≤ 5 psi). In contrast, eight of 20 intraneural injections resulted in high pressures (20–38 psi) at the beginning of the injection. Twelve intraneural injections, however, resulted in pressures of less than 12 psi. Neurologic function returned to baseline within 3 h after perineural injections and within 24 h after intraneural injections, when the measured injection pressures were less than 12 psi. Neurologic deficits persisted throughout the study period after all eight intraneural injections that resulted in high injection pressures. Histologic examination of the affected nerves revealed fascicular axonolysis and cellular infiltration.Conclusions:  The data in our canine model of intraneural injection suggest that intraneural injections do not always lead to nerve injury. High injection pressures during intraneural injection may be indicative of intrafascicular injection and may predict the development of neurologic injury.
Churches and social development
Authors: Nieman Anna 
Published: November 2006

English The role of churches is explored against the background of poverty and inequality in South Africa. The value of empowerment to counter the negative effects of traditional forms of welfare aid is explained. The case is made for churches to collaborate with other institutions and groups to undertake joint social development programmes. French Le rôle des églises face à la pauvreté et à l'inégalité en Afrique du sud est examiné. L'article explique la valeur accordée au principe 'd'empowerment' dans le but de contrer les effets négatifs des formes traditionnelles d'aide sociale. Il est démontré que les églises doivent collaborer avec d'autres institutions et groupes dans le développement de programmes conjoints d'aide sociale. Spanish La función de las iglesias es explorada teniendo como fondo de partida la pobreza y la inequidad en Sudáfrica. El valor del empoderamiento (empowerment) para contrarrestar los efectos negativos de las formas tradicionales de ayuda es explicada. Se argumenta que las iglesias tienen que colaborar con otras instituciones y grupos para el desarrollo de programas de desarrollo social conjunto.
Difficulties of stepchildren from reconstituted families in a westernized society challenged by traditional Chinese culture
Authors: Lam Gladys L.T. 
Published: November 2006

English Reconstituted families in Hong Kong are negatively stereotyped by Chinese families holding traditional beliefs. This article contains extracted findings of pioneer studies on Hong Kong reconstituted families and the author's observations from her private practice as a family mediator. It is hoped that timely intervention will be promoted to help stepchildren affected by negative social attitudes. French Les familles reconstituées à Hong Kong sont négativement stéréotypées par les familles chinoises aux croyances traditionnelles. Cet article contient des résultats d'études pionnières faites à Hong Kong auprès de familles reconstituées ainsi que des observations faites par l'auteur dans sa pratique en tant que médiatrice familiale. L'auteur fait la promotion d'interventions faites en temps opportun afin d'aider ces enfants souffrant d'attitudes sociales négatives à leur égard. Spanish Familias reconstituidas en Hong Kong son estereotipadas por familias chinas que poseen valores y creencias tradicionales. Este artículo presenta extractos de hallazgos de estudios pioneros en Hong Kong sobre las familias reconstituidas y de las observaciones hechas por el autor en su práctica privada como mediador familiar. Se espera que intervenciones a debido tiempo deben ser promovidos para ayudas a los hijastros que has sido impactados por las actitudes sociales negativas.
Dietary patterns and associated lifestyles in individuals with and without familial history of obesity: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Paradis Ann-Marie , Pérusse Louis , Vohl Marie-Claude 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Familial history of obesity (FHO) and certain dietary habits are risk factors for obesity. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were 1) to derive dietary patterns using factor analysis in a population of men and women with and without FHO; 2) to compare mean factor scores for each dietary pattern between individuals with and without FHO; and 3) to examine the association between these patterns and anthropometric, lifestyle and sociodemographic variables.

Methods
A total of 197 women and 129 men with a body mass index <30 kg/m2 were recruited. A positive FHO (FHO+) was defined as having at least one obese first-degree relative and a negative FHO (FHO-) as no obese first-degree relative. Dietary data were collected from a food frequency questionnaire. Factor analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns. Mean factor scores were compared using general linear model among men and women according to FHO. Regression analyses were performed to study the relationship between anthropometric, lifestyle and sociodemographic variables, and each dietary pattern.

Results
Two dietary patterns were identified in both men and women : the Western pattern characterized by a higher consumption of red meats, poultry, processed meats, refined grains as well as desserts, and the Prudent pattern characterized by greater intakes of vegetables, fruits, non-hydrogenated fat, and fish and seafood. Similar Western and Prudent factor scores were observed in individual with and without FHO. In men with FHO+, the Western pattern is negatively associated with age and positively associated with physical activity, smoking, and personal income. In women with FHO-, the Prudent pattern is negatively associated with BMI and smoking and these pattern is positively associated with age and physical activity.

Conclusion
Two dietary patterns have been identified among men and women with and without FHO. Although that FHO does not seem to influence the adherence to dietary patterns, results of this study suggest that anthropometric, lifestyle and sociodemographic variables associated with dietary patterns differ according to FHO and gender.
Suture midface suspension
Authors: Ugurbas Suat H , Goldberg Robert A , McCann John D , Shorr Norman , Murthy Rachna , Ben Simon Guy J 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a simple and effective facelift technique useful as an adjunct to other oculoplastic proceduresMethodsRetrospective, non-comparative case series. Thirty five patients undergoing suture midface suspension from 1998 to 2000. Suspension sutures were passed from the nasolabial fold to the temporalis fascia to elevate the midface and the corner of the mouth.ResultsA satisfactory and stable outcome is obtained in 2 years of follow up.ConclusionSuture midface suspension is a safe and effective technique for the management of midface descent.
Protein kinase C activity is required for cytotoxic T cell lytic granule exocytosis, but the θ isoform does not play a preferential role
Authors: Grybko Michael J , Pores-Fernando Arun T , Wurth Georjeana A , Zweifach Adam 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCTLs kill virus-infected, tumor, and transplanted targets via secretion of lytic agents including perforin and granzymes. Knowledge of the signals controlling this important process remains vague. We have tested the idea that protein kinase C (PKC)θ, a member of the novel PKC (nPKC) family, which has been shown to play a preferential role in critical Th cell functions, plays a similar, preferential role in CTL lytic granule exocytosis using T acute lymphoblastic leukemia-104 (TALL-104) human leukemic CTLs as a model. We provide evidence consistent with the idea that PKC activity is important for the degranulation step of lytic granule exocytosis, as opposed to upstream events. In contrast with previous work, our results with pharmacological agents suggest that conventional PKCs (cPKCs) and nPKCs may participate. Our results suggest that stimulation with soluble agents that bypass the TCR and trigger granule exocytosis activates PKCα and PKCθ, which can both accumulate at the site of contact with a target cell, although PKCθ did so more often. Finally, using a novel assay that detects granule exocytosis specifically in transfected, viable cells, we find that overexpression of constitutively active mutants of PKCα or PKCθ can synergize with increases in intracellular [Ca2+] to promote granule exocytosis. Taken together, our results lend support for the idea that PKCθ does not play a preferential role in CTL granule exocytosis.