bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A consumer‐orientated survey of long‐term home blood glucose monitoring
Authors: Scobie I N , Tey Beng Hey , Bowden Vivien K , Judd Sue L , Lowy Clara , Sönksen P H 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFifty‐five patients who self‐monitored with Dextrostix/Glucochek, on average for 2 years, were studied. Their Glucocheks were tested against an Eyetone and a laboratory glucose‐oxidase method. A detailed questionnaire was completed. On formal testing, the patients' meters proved to be consistently accurate when compared to the Eyetone or laboratory, even after this long use. After 2 years of self‐monitoring, 62% still checked blood glucose at least twice‐daily. Mild hypoglycaemia, although still common, was no more frequent than before the introduction of self‐monitoring and no suggestion existed of an increased frequency of severe hypoglycaemia. On some occasions, the majority (82%) had experienced nocturnal hypoglycaemia.No patient thought the investment not worthwhile. No complications of fingerpricking were encountered, in more than 76,000 finger pricks. The large majority (87%) thought blood glucose monitoring with Dextrostix/Glucochek made having diabetes easier. Long‐term self‐monitoring of blood glucose is highly acceptable to patients, is safe and leads to better understanding and care of diabetes. The long‐term precision of Glucochek is confirmed.
Acceptability and effectiveness of self‐administered intramuscular insulin in juvenile‐onset diabetes
Authors: Wynne H A , Brown P M , Sönksen P H 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFour juvenile‐onset diabetic patients, poorly controlled on subcutaneous insulin, received twice‐daily, self‐administered intramuscular insulin, using a 25g 1 needle. All patients reported the intramuscular route to be as acceptable as the subcutaneous route. In one patient, the intramuscular route produced a marked improvement in diabetic control.
Mauriac's Syndrome in a 12‐year old diabetic girl. Associated with lipoatrophy, hyperprebetalipoproteinaemia and iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Mucklow E S 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA 12 year old diabetic girl is described who presented at the age of 10 months and was later found to be ESN with microcephaly, hepatomegaly and short stature. She subsequently developed marked generalised lipoatrophy with type V hyperprebetalipoproteinaemia, and later acanthosis nigricans and iron deficiency anaemia. The significance of the clinical findings and investigations is discussed, together with the problems encountered in treating her.
Continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin (CSII) during pregnancy and fetal size
Authors: Dandona P , Besterman H S , Freedman Danielle B , Boag Fiona , Beckett A Gordon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe outcome of eight pregnancies in diabetic patients managed with continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin (CSII) during the latter two trimesters of pregnancy was compared with that of twelve pregnancies managed with conventional insulin therapy (CIT). CSII‐controlled women had fasting mean blood glucose concentrations ranging between 3.8–5.8 mmol/l and HbA1 between 6.6–8.2% (upper limit of normal: 8.5%). Conventionally treated patients had HbA1 levels ranging between 7.2–10.5%. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.8 weeks in the CSII group and 38 weeks in the CIT group; the caesarian section rate in the two groups was 3/8 and 3/12. Three babies in the CSII group were macrosomic with a birth weight at 90th centile or greater, whereas one was macrosomic in the CIT group. The incidence of neonatal hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia and respiratory distress was similar in both groups.We conclude that the use of CSII and the institution of near‐perfect diabetic control during the latter two trimesters of pregnancy does not significantly alter the outcome of pregnancy, when compared with pregnancies reasonably well‐controlled with CIT. Prevention of macrosomia and other complications of the diabetic pregnancy must be attempted by instituting near‐perfect control of diabetes prior to conception and throughout pregnancy.
Brain damage following hypoglycaemia in alcoholic diabetics
Authors: Khaw Kok‐Tee , Cassar J 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHypoglycaemic coma is a common and usually rapidly reversible complication of treatment for diabetes mellitus. Long‐term neurological effects are not well‐documented, but it is known that permanent brain damage may result from severe hypoglycaemic coma (Ref 1). We report here the cases of three diabetics who presented over a period of eighteen months. In all three, an alcoholic binge was followed by prolonged coma which was difficult to reverse, with evidence of persisting neurological deficit after recovery.
The “insulin pen”: Comparison with multiple injection treatment with syringe
Authors: Dahl‐Jorgensen K , Hanssen Kf , Mosand R , Sandvik L 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new insulin “fountain‐pen” injection device (NovoPenTM) was tested in 10 insulin‐dependent diabetic patients, aged 21–34 years, who had used multiple injection therapy with syringe‐injections for more than one year previously. The patients had strict pre‐study blood glucose control; HbA1 8.8% ± 1.9. They used NovoPen for 6–9 months (mean 8 months). HbA1 increased slightly during pen treatment to 9.3% ± 1.8 (p < 0.01), probably due to insufficient insulin delivery. All but one patient experienced technical problems with the devices. They all wanted to continue using it, because of the simplicity of injections and the increased daily life flexibility. Since the patients have no direct control over the amount of insulin injected, caution is needed when introducing insulin pen injections.
Recurrent insulin injection site abscesses due to Streptococcus milleri
Authors: Stutchfield P R , Hart A , Smith C S 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA case is reported of recurrent insulin injection‐site infections in an 11 year‐old diabetic girl, due to Streptococcus milleri. This is a commensal organism which has been reported to cause extensive asbcesses in many organ systems, rarely the skin. It is microaerophilic, capable of surviving deep in the tissues and known to cause recurrent infections. A prolonged antibiotic course is therefore recommended.
Successful pregnancy in an insulin‐dependent diabetic with incapacitating ‘brittle’ diabetes
Authors: Jacyna M R , Patel N , Alberti K G M M , Borsey D Q , Newton R W 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIncapacitating brittle diabetes is a well‐recognised phenomenon occurring in a small number of insulin‐dependent diabetics (Refs 1, 2). Young adult females are most commonly affected and successful outcome of pregnancy in these patients is unusual. We report the successful completion of pregnancy in a diabetic with excessive degradation of subcutaneous injected insulin and who, in a previous concealed pregnancy, had become severely systemically insulin‐resistant.
Measurement of hypoglycaemia by Reflocheck
Authors: Southgate H J , Marks V 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe ability of the Boehringer Mannheim Reflocheck® glucose monitor to measure blood glucose concentration precisely and accurately over the whole of the clinically relevant range was examined. Data obtained in the plasma glucose range (4–10 mmol/l) confirm the previously reported good performance of the instrument. However, in the low normal and hypoglycaemic range it consistently overestimated plasma glucose levels by a variable amount, making it unsuitable, except as a screening instrument, for the investigation of spontaneous hypoglycaemia. Analysis of paired estimations on the same blood sample showed that the readings obtained were reproducible and not therefore due to sampling error.
Seasonal variation in incidence rates of juvenile‐onset, insulin‐dependent diabetes, and the relationship to a family history of diabetes
Authors: Drury Roisin M , Drury M I 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSeven hundred and thirty‐six cases of juvenile‐onset, insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus were studied, to investigate a possible relationship between seasonal incidence rates and a family history of diabetes mellitus of either type. Seasonal incidence was significantly affected by the presence or absence of a family history of diabetes of either type. Seasonal variation was present to a significant degree (p<0.001) only in those in whom there was no family history of diabetes, and was related to age at onset of diabetes. These differences may reflect different aetiological mechanisms related to differences in genetic susceptibility.
Which pump?
Authors: Sleightholm M A , Roberts M , Kohner Eva M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInsulin infusion pumps for ambulatory subcutaneous insulin infusion are widely used in research and management of patients with diabetes. It is therefore important to evaluate the pumps that are available. Of the eleven pumps offered for assessment, we judged the best to be the Betatron II but considered that it was too expensive to buy and run and that, overall, the Graseby MS‐36 was the best buy in terms of specification and value for money.
Tales from the diabetic clinic' or ‘Why some patients do not bring a record book to the clinic’
Authors: Bodansky H J 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMost patients monitor their control of diabetes by home urine or blood glucose tests. Assessment of the results provides a basis for changes in management. A survey of 100 consecutive diabetic out‐patients was conducted to see how many produced a record of their home tests at the clinic. Fifty‐nine patients did not produce a book (40% of insulin‐treated and 78% of non‐insulin‐treated patients). The reasons provided by patients without a book fell into three broad categories on analysis: lack of sufficient diabetes education; inability to meet the target of self‐monitoring suggested by physicians; and the indifferent attitude of a minority of poorly‐compliant patients.
Gliquidone‐induced hypoglycaemic coma
Authors: Hamilton D A , Campbell I W 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTreatment with any of the sulphonylurea group of oral hypoglycaemic agents may cause hypoglycaemia, usually in situations where there may be restriction of carbohydrate intake at times of anorexia and where a potentiating drug such as salicylates, warfarin or co‐trimoxazole is given (Ref 1). There is particular risk of this occurring in the elderly and in those with impaired renal function, as many of the commonly used sulphonylureas (tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, acetohexamide, tolazamide, glibenclamide, glipizide and glibornuride) are primarily excreted by the kidney. Gliquidone is a recently introduced sulphonylurea to the UK, with a short plasma half‐life of 1.4h and which is excreted in the bile and does not accumulate with renal impairment. We describe a case of gliquidone‐induced hypoglycaemia occurring in a female diabetic with chronic renal failure.
Metabolic control and patient acceptability of multiple insulin injections using NovoPen cartridge‐packed insulin
Authors: Jensen T , Moller Lise , Andersen O Ortved 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA packed syringe ‘NovoPen’™ loaded with a prefilled cartridge containing soluble insulin (Actrapid HM), was evaluated in a multiple‐dose injection regimen by 20 patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD). Following an induction period of 8 weeks with self‐monitoring of blood glucose, the patients changed for the next 24 weeks to three preprandial soluble insulin injections per day using a NovoPen with an evening injection of human protaphane insulin. A questionnaire completed before the study revealed that a rigorous daily schedule for meals and activity was the single most important disadvantage of the diabetic life (47% of the patients). At the end of the study, only 21% and 10% respectively still considered these problems to be inconvenient. All patients showed greater ability to vary the time of meals, and all but one wanted to continue multiple injections with NovoPen.Blood glucose and HbAlc did not improve in the multiple injection period, whereas blood glucose oscillations fell from 3.0 mmol/1 (1.0–6.0) to 1.7 mmol/1 (0.9–4.6) (p < 0.01), and the frequency of subjective hypoglycaemia was reduced from 1.2 attacks/patient/week (0–5.5) to 0.3 attacks/patient/week (0–2.1) (p < 0.01). There were no technical problems with insulin administration with NovoPen and no complications (serious hypoglycaemia, ketoacidosis or local reactions at injection sites). Thus, multiple insulin injections with NovoPen were well accepted by the patients and resulted in improvement of some parameters of glycaemic control.
A quality assurance programme for blood glucose measuring meters used in clinical areas
Authors: Thaker P , Cradock Sue , Cowan M E , Shaw K M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA quality assurance programme for blood glucose measuring meters is described. The need for careful quality control of blood sugar measurement became apparent after several discrepancies had occurred between results of tests carried out in clinical areas and those undertaken in the laboratory. This programme comprises a quality control scheme organised by the Chief MLSO, Department of Biochemistry, regular training sessions conducted by the Diabetic Specialist Nurse and a monitoring system for electro‐mechanical defects. Following the introduction of this quality control scheme, a gradual improvement in the accuracy of results obtained has been demonstrated over a twelve‐month period.
The relationship between glycosylated haemoglobin and verified self‐monitored blood glucose among pregnant and non‐pregnant women with diabetes
Authors: Langer O , Mazze R S 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAssessment of metabolic control during pregnancy complicated by diabetes is an important element of management. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) represents an independently verifiable means of assessing average glycaemic control over a period of time (up to 6 weeks). This study, utilizing reflectance meters with onboard memories, evaluated the relationship between HbA1 determinations and self‐monitored blood glucose data at various stages of pregnancy, and compared these findings with the same tests for age‐matched women with Type I diabetes who were not pregnant. Forty‐six women with diabetes during pregnancy (15 pre‐gestational and 31 gestational diabetics) and 16 non‐pregnant women (Type I diabetes) participated in the study. As determined by verified self‐monitored blood glucose data, the patients' mean glucose values remained stable throughout the study, with pregnant patients averaging 107 ± 36 mg/dl and non‐pregnant patients averaging 208 ± 56 mg/dl. A correlation coefficient of r = 0.55 (p = 0.0071) was calculated for HbA1 and mean blood glucose values for the non‐pregnant group. A similar correlation was calculated for the pregnant group and proved stronger in pre‐gestational diabetes (r = 0.60, p = 0.03) than in gestational diabetes (r = 0.33, NS). Evaluation of fasting, pre‐prandial, post‐prandial and bedtime mean values indicated that correlations with HbA1 were inconsistent, ranging from no relationship to r = 0.83.
Part 1 of a new educational series on research (a) improvement in NIDD patients poorly controlled on oral hypoglycaemic agents following transfer to insulin
Authors: Robertson Dorothy , Fitzgerald M G , Wright A D , Nattrass M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractForty‐five patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes which was poorly controlled on oral hypoglycaemic agents were studied before and six months after transfer to insulin. Diabetic control had significantly improved at six months in 38 patients (84%). Mean (SD) glycosylated haemoglobin concentration fell from 13.7 (2.7)% to 11.3 (2.6)% (p < 0.001) and blood glucose concentration from 18.7 (5.4) to 11.4 (5.6) mmol/l (p < 0.001). Improvement in control was associated with a significant increase in ideal body weight from 113 (20.0)% to 119 (19.4)% (p < 0.001). Daily insulin dose at six months was 38 (17.8) units. Diabetic control improved in patients who were > 120% ideal body weight and insulin dose for these was not significantly different from the remaining patients. Patients who had symptoms of hyperglycaemia and other medical problems did not respond as well as patients with symptomatic hyperglycaemia only.
Understanding of diabetes mellitus in non‐diabetic adults
Authors: Hoghton M R , Philipp R , Harvey K , Hughes A O , Fletcher G M , Cox C J Burns 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWhat non‐diabetic adults know about diabetes does not seem to have been previously quantified in the UK. This information would be helpful in planning the education of newly diagnosed diabetics, their families and the public.Five hundred self‐administered questionnaires were completed by employed people in different parts of Avon County, England. Of these questionnaires, 436 were suitable for analysis. Total knowledge scores were greater for respondents in Social Classes 1, 2 and 3 non‐manual, compared with other social classes, and for respondents with diabetics amongst their family or friends, compared with persons not familiar with diabetics.At least 60% of respondents knew that diabetes was not an infectious disease, that the disease can be helped with treatment and that it is treated with diet and injections. Less than 30% of the respondents knew that diabetes may affect the feet, that it may affect the bowels, that some diabetics are not able to join the police force, or do shift work, that smoking is more dangerous for diabetics and that adults can lessen their chances of developing diabetes. Eighteen per cent thought that diabetes need not be managed by either a general practitioner or hospital. The correct first aid management of unconscious diabetic patients was also not widely appreciated.These findings show that diabetes is poorly understood in the community. For the newly diagnosed diabetic and for the public, background knowledge, expectations and misconceptions about the disease still need to be identified and corrected.
Psychological issues in diabetes management: (I) blood glucose monitoring and learned helplessness
Authors: Dunn Stewart M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLearned helplessness refers to the psychological state of motivational loss, emotional disturbance, and cognitive impairment, which is induced in any person exposed repeatedly to an uncontrollable and unpleasant situation. Diabetes poses many such situations, and self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a common example which can be linked to the onset and maintenance of learned helplessness. This article describes the essential features of learned helplessness as identified in psychological research, and indicates how it may be inadvertently induced through SMBG. Practical recommendations are offered for the treatment and prevention of SMBG‐induced learned helplessness.
Diabetic ketoacidosis and pulmonary mucormycosis
Authors: Esack A , Thompson G S , Whittaker J S 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPatients with poorly controlled diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis are more prone to develop mucormycosis, an uncommon but important opportunistic fungal infection often diagnosed only at post mortem. Ante mortem it is considered less often because of the rapidity of the illness, rarity of the infection and the need for a tissue sample to establish the diagnosis. A fatal case of pulmonary mucormycosis in a young patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is described.
Bulimia, diabetes and the role of counselling: A case report
Authors: Brown Florence J 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent reports suggest that eating disorders including bulimia may be more common in patients with diabetes (Ref 1). Bulimia has been recognised as a separate phenomenon from the bingeing and vomiting episodes that some patients with anorexia nervosa experience (Ref 2). This case report demonstrates how the counselling process helped an insulin‐dependent diabetic with bulimia to free herself from a potentially life threatening situation (Refs 3 and 4).
The effect of different beers on blood glucose concentrations in insulin‐dependent diabetes
Authors: Henderson B , Atkin G E , Henderson E , Rawson D R W , Connor H 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChanges in blood glucose concentrations following consumption of four different beers (carbohydrate content 1.4‐12.1g per half pint; alcohol concentration 3.3‐5.5% v/v) were examined in seven insulin‐dependent men (age 21‐41 years; duration of diabetes 5‐27 years), who were studied on four evenings, on each occasion drinking a different beer but eating an identical meal. Blood samples were taken before drinking began, at half to one hour intervals during the evening and before breakfast the next morning. The peak increment in blood glucose concentration was linearly related to the carbohydrate content of the beer (r = 0.95,p<0.01), though there were no statistically significant differences between individual beers. Pre‐breakfast blood glucose concentrations of <3.5 mmol/l occurred on six out of 14 occasions after the two low carbohydrate beers but on only two out of 14 occasions after the two higher carbohydrate beers (p=0.09). If patients follow the advice given by the BDA on alcohol consumption we suggest that they choose beers and lagers with a carbohydrate content of 3‐7g per half pint (275 ml) and an alcohol concentration equal to or less than five per cent.
Dietary pattern during Ramadan fasting and its effect on the metabolic control of diabetes
Authors: Chandalia H B , Bhargav A , Kataria V 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe dietary pattern of thirteen non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics during the Ramadan fast and the effect of Ramadan fasting on the metabolic control of these diabetics was studied. The dosage of oral hypoglycaemic drugs and insulin (in insulin‐requring patients) was left unaltered during the fasting period. Patients ingested significantly less calories (p<0.05), more carbohydrates (p<0.05) and less fats (p<0.05) during the fasting as compared to pre‐fasting period. The metabolic control, as judged by blood glucose values and glycosylated haemoglobin, remained unchanged at the end of the fasting period. This study demonstrates the safety of Ramadan fasting at 7pm, 10pm and 4am in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics.
Does strict metabolic control prevent long‐term diabetic complications?
Authors: Johansen K 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough insulin has been in use for 65 years, it is still not kn„n whether strict metabolic control can prevent long‐term diabetic complications. There are two major reasons for this: conventional insulin treatment is unable to normalise or near‐normalise blood glucose levels; and until recently there were no methods for long‐term monitoring of blood glucose. During the last decade infusion pumps and pens have been marketed which enable us to simulate the endogenous insulin secretion and thereby normalise or near‐normalise blood glucose levels and home blood glucose monitoring methods are widely available. Therefore, it should n„ be possible to test the hypothesis that strict metabolic control prevents long‐term diabetic complications. This paper reviews the results of six prospective, controlled, randomised, clinical trials which have been published. The consensus is that near‐normalisation of blood glucose levels is able to retard or arrest the progression of long‐term diabetic complications.