bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An approach to remove alpha amylase for proteomic analysis of low abundance biomarkers in human saliva
Authors: Deutsch Omer , Fleissig Yoram , Zaks Batia , Krief Guy , Aframian Doron J. , Palmon Aaron 
Published: October 2008

AbstractProteomic characterization of human whole saliva for the identification of disease‐specific biomarkers is guaranteed to be an easy‐to‐use and powerful diagnostic tool for defining the onset, progression and prognosis of human systemic diseases and, in particular, oral diseases. The high abundance of proteins, mainly alpha amylase, hampers the detection of low abundant proteins appearing in the disease state and therefore should be removed. In the present study a 2‐DE was used to analyze human whole saliva following the removal of alpha amylase by affinity adsorption to potato starch. After alpha amylase removal whole saliva was analyzed by SDS‐PAGE showing at least sixfold removal efficiency and by an alpha amylase activity assay showing 97% reduced activity. MS identification of the captured alpha amylase after elution demonstrated specific removal; 2‐DE analysis showed the selective removal of alpha amylase and consequently increased gel resolution. MS identification of protein spots in the 60 kDa area revealed 15 proteins, which were masked before alpha amylase removal. In conclusion, treatment of human whole saliva with an alpha amylase removal device increases gel resolution and enables a higher protein sample for analysis.
Collapse of a nonductile concrete frame: Shaking table tests
Authors: Wu Chiun‐lin , Kuo Wu‐Wei , Yang Yuan‐Sen , Hwang Shyh‐Jiann , Elwood Kenneth J. , Loh Chin‐Hsiung , Moehle Jack P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPost‐earthquake reconnaissance has reported the vulnerability of older reinforced concrete (RC) columns lacking details for ductile response. Research was undertaken to investigate the full‐range structural hysteretic behavior of older RC columns. A two‐dimensional specimen frame, composed of nonductile and ductile columns to allow for load redistribution, was subjected to a unidirectional base motion on a shaking table until global collapse was observed. The test demonstrates two types of column failure, including flexure‐shear and pure flexural failure. Test data are compared with various simplified assessment models commonly used by practicing engineers and researchers to identify older buildings that are at high risk of structural collapse during severe earthquake events. Comparison suggests that ASCE/SEI 41‐06 produces very conservative estimates on load–deformation relations of flexure‐shear columns, while the recently proposed ASCE/SEI 41‐06 update imposes significant modifications on the predictive curve, so that improved accuracy has been achieved. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of partial discharge by Wavelet–Hilbert transform
Authors: Sarikhani Ali , Reihani Ehsan , Nabizadeh Nooshin , Hooshmand Ali , Davodi Moez 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTime‐frequency and time‐scale transforms are one of the powerful mathematical methods for feature extraction of non‐stationary signals such as partial discharge (PD) signals. Modified Fourier‐based transforms and Wavelet transforms are well known among them. PD signals can be analyzed by these influential methods but normally with some serious limitations and inadequacies. This paper proposes a new approach based on Wavelet–Hilbert transform for the analysis of electrical PD signals. The mathematical model of a Wavelet–Hilbert transform is described. Contemplating of natural behavior of PD, that is, stochastic and non‐stationary an artificial multi‐source of PD is simulated in a Detail model of an HV power transformer winding. The PD signal is measured at the bushing terminal of the faulty model, and then it is analyzed. The analyzed PD signal by the proposed method shows great advantages over the Fourier based algorithms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Encapsulation and release of menthol. Part 2: direct monitoring of l‐menthol release from spray‐dried powders made with OSAn‐substituted dextrins and gum acacia
Authors: Mortenson Michael A. , Reineccius Gary A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe objective of this research was to use dynamic real‐time analysis to determine how carrier material affects menthol release characteristics from various spray‐dried powders. Dynamic menthol release profiles were obtained from spray‐dried powders as a function of time (0–60 min) and 90% relative humidity (RH) by interfacing a dynamic vapour sorption device to a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer. The menthol release profile varied greatly with carrier material. Increased octenyl succinic anhydride (OSAn) substitution (up to 3% treatment level) of the carrier material resulted in a significantly greater, but not earlier, burst of menthol release. For most samples, the characteristic burst of menthol was followed by a decrease in release, which was attributed to an observed matrix collapse. Moisture uptake rates of the powders were related to corresponding menthol release rates. As OSAn substitution increased for gum acacia (Acacia seyal), a trend of increased moisture uptake rate with menthol release rate was evident. However, for the dextrins, the moisture uptake rate had no influence on the rate of menthol release. Also, static headspace was used to determine how increased OSAn substitution affects menthol release from aqueous mixtures of dissolved carrier material and menthol. The increased hydrophobicity of the OSAn groups did not affect the volatility of menthol, therefore interactions between OSAn groups and menthol should not affect dynamic menthol release. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lactones 31. Synthetic odoriferous unsaturated γ‐lactones
Authors: Obara Robert , Szumny Antoni , Wzorek Alicja , Szmigiel‐Pieczewska Maia , Białońska Agata , Ciunik Zbigniew , Wawrzeńczyk Czesław 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStarting from γ, δ‐unsaturated terpenoid acids, the corresponding δ‐iodo‐γ‐lactones and γ‐iodo‐δ‐lactones were obtained. Dehydrohalogenation of δ‐iodo‐γ‐lactones with DBU gave unsaturated γ‐lactones with an exocyclic or alkyl chain double bond. Both types of double bonds possessed the E configuration. The composition of product mixture of dehydrohalogenation strongly depended on the conditions (solvent, temperature) of the process. Odour evaluation of the lactones obtained showed that lactones with two double bonds in the molecule (
11 and
12) possess intensive, well‐marked, fresh mushroom odours. Lactones with one double bond and one methyl group at C‐4 (
5a,
6a,
6b and
5d,
6d,
6e) are characterized, in general, by milky, coconut and creamy odours with different notes. Lactones with two methyl groups at C‐4 possess herbal (
5c,
5f) or woody (
6c) odours. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and extracts of rosinweed (Silphium trifoliatum and Silphium integrifolium) plants used by the American Indians
Authors: Kowalski Radosław 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison of the chemical composition and biological activity of the volatile fraction (essential oil solution) of rhizomes of two plant species, Silphium trifoliatum L. and Silphium integrifolium Michx., and the respective soft ethanol and chloroform extracts; 51 components were identified in the extracts and oils (the main constituents of the oils were modhephene, α‐isocomene, allo‐aromadendr‐9‐ene, 7α‐H‐silphiperfol‐5‐ene, 7β‐H‐silphiperfol‐5‐ene and germacrene D). The studied initial essential oil solutions contained 336 mg/ml (S. trifoliatum) and 406 mg/ml (S. integrifolium) of volatile substances. The soft extracts contained between 15.84 mg/ml (ethanol extract, S. trifoliatum) and 35.65 mg/ml (ethanol extract, S. integrifolium) of substances identified with GC–MS. Additionally, the analysed soft extracts contained flavonoids, o‐dihydroxyphenoles and glycoside‐bonded triterpenic acids (oleanolic and ursolic acid). Antimicrobial tests were performed on two bacterial reference strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and two fungal reference strains (Candida albicans and Malassezia pachydermatis). The highest level of activity was displayed by essential oils, i.e. fractions rich in volatile components. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of essential oils: a complex task
Authors: Bicchi Carlo , Liberto Erica , Matteodo Maura , Sgorbini Barbara , Mondello Luigi , Zellner Barbara d'Acampora , Costa Rosaria , Rubiolo Patrizia 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis article provides a critical overview of current methods to quantify essential oil components. The fields of application and limits of the most popular approaches, in particular relative percentage abundance, normalized percentage abundance, concentration and true amount determination via calibration curves, are discussed in detail. A specific paragraph is dedicated to the correct use of the most widely used detectors and to analyte response factors. A set of applications for each approach is also included to illustrate the considerations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collocated discrete least squares meshless (CDLSM) method for the solution of transient and steady‐state hyperbolic problems
Authors: Afshar M. H. , Lashckarbolok M. , Shobeyri G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA collocated discrete least squares meshless method for the solution of the transient and steady‐state hyperbolic problems is presented in this paper. The method is based on minimizing the sum of the squared residuals of the governing differential equation at some points chosen in the problem domain as collocation points. The collocation points are generally different from nodal points, which are used to discretize the problem domain. A moving least squares method is employed to construct the shape functions at nodal points. The coefficient matrix is symmetric and positive definite even for non‐symmetric hyperbolic differential equations and can be solved efficiently with iterative methods. The proposed method is a truly meshless method and does not require numerical integration. Advantages of the collocation points are shown to be threefold: First, the collocation points are shown to be responsible for stabilizing the method in particular when problems with shocked solution are attempted. Second, the collocation points are also shown to improve the accuracy of the solution even for problems with smooth solutions. Third, the collocation points are shown to contribute to the efficiency of the method when solving steady‐state problems via faster convergence of the resulting algorithm. The ability of the method and in particular the effect of collocation points are tested against a series of one‐dimensional transient and steady‐state benchmark examples from the literature and the results are presented. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to investigate the effect of the base polynomials on the accuracy and convergence characteristics of the method in solving steady‐state problems. The results show the ability of the proposed method to accurately solve difficult hyperbolic problems considered. The method is also shown to be particularly stable for problems with shocked solution due to the inherent stabilizing mechanism of the method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Covert preleukemia driven by MLL gene fusion
Authors: Zuna Jan , Burjanivova Tatiana , Mejstrikova Ester , Zemanova Zuzana , Muzikova Katerina , Meyer Claus , Horsley Sharon W. , Kearney Lyndal , Colman Susan , Ptoszkova Hana , Marschalek Rolf , Hrusak Ondrej , Stary Jan , Greaves Mel , Trka Jan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAcute leukemia is considered to be a two‐ or multiple‐step process. Although there is a considerable knowledge regarding the character of the “first hit,” the nature of the “second hit” remains unanswered in most of the cases including leukemias with MLL gene rearrangement. We demonstrate here a striking sequence of events, which include a covert, protracted preleukemic phase characterized by a dominant MLL/FOXO3A clone with intact myeloid differentiation and the subsequent acquisition of a secondary genetic abnormality, leading to overt lymphoblastic leukemia. Backtracking of the secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (sALL) with the MLL rearrangement showed no blasts in the bone marrow (BM) during the protracted preleukemic phase. However, at the same time (more than 1 year before the sALL diagnosis) the MLL/FOXO3A was present in up to 90% of BM cells including myeloid lineage, suggesting that the fusion arose in a multipotent progenitor. To identify potential “second hit” precipitating sALL we compared DNA in preleukemic versus fully leukemic samples. The analysis revealed a 10 Mb gain on 19q13.32 in the sALL, absent in the preleukemic specimen. These data provide insight into the dynamics of leukemogenesis in secondary leukemia with MLL rearrangement. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An educative support group for female family caregivers: impact on caregivers psychological distress and patient's neuropsychiatry symptoms
Authors: Javadpour Ali , Ahmadzadeh Laaya , Bahredar Mohammad Jafar 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn developing world most patients with dementia live in the community. And female family caregivers are the primary source to delivering care to patients. Educating and supporting the careers may reduce psychological distress and the challenging behavior as well.MethodsWe run a non pharmacological intervention focusing on education regarding dementia, behavioral problems and interactive self support group. Twenty nine female family caregivers were assigned and divided in two groups of 15 and 14. Two hours weekly sessions were conducted for 8 weeks. Baseline and outcome measures were assessed using neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI), general health questionnaire and perceived stress scale (PSS).ResultsInitial co relational analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between GHQ and total NPI scores but not for PSS. Paired sample test revealed significant change from baseline and at the end in both GHQ score and neuropsychiatry symptoms.ConclusionThis study supports the use of a non‐pharmacologic intervention focusing on education in a feasible and cost benefit setting for dementia caregivers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of asymmetrical flow and heat transfer behind a hill in shear flows
Authors: Yanaoka Hideki , Inamura Takao , Suenaga Yosuke , Sugimoto Daisuke , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThree‐dimensional numerical simulations of asymmetrical flows and heat transfer around a hill in shear flows were performed. When shear velocity distributions are introduced at the inlet, a vortex pair is formed asymmetrically to the spanwise direction behind the hill. Further, an asymmetrical hairpin vortex is periodically generated downstream. The leg of the asymmetrical hairpin vortex on the high‐speed side collapses first. Further downstream, the asymmetrical hairpin vortex breaks down earlier than the symmetrical hairpin vortex, and streamwise vortices appear on the high‐speed side. These streamwise vortices increase the heat transfer downstream. In contrast, no hairpin vortex appears in the case of a strong shear velocity distribution, but instead a streamwise vortex appears. The heat transfer decreases downstream since the turbulence generated by streamwise vortices is weak. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20223
Characterization of a subpopulation of colon cancer cells with stem cell‐like properties
Authors: Chu Peter , Clanton Dana J. , Snipas Tracey S. , Lee Julia , Mitchell Eric , Nguyen Mai‐Lan , Hare Eric , Peach Robert J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe biology of the normal colonic mucosa suggests that colon cancer originates from normal colon stem cells. CD44 cancer stem cells have been identified in breast and prostate cancer, and we therefore examined whether CD44 similarly identified colon cancer stem cells. Initial assays found CD44hi colon tumor cells to have enhanced soft agar colony‐forming ability. Subsequently, CD44hi cells isolated from 4 primary colon adenocarcinoma xenografts were found to be highly tumorigenic in immune deficient mice. CD44hi cells consistently formed tumors with 1,000 cells, and in multiple experiments, as few as 10 and 100 CD44hi cells formed tumors in 7/10 and 21/28 mice, respectively. In contrast, CD44− colon tumor cells were either nontumorigenic or 10–50‐fold less tumorigenic. CD44hi cells could be serially passaged up to 4 times in vivo, suggesting self‐renewal capacity, and formed tumors that recapitulated the heterogeneity of the original patient tumor. CD44hi cells were significantly enriched for nuclear activated β‐catenin, a key element in normal stem/progenitor cells and in early colon tumor progression. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling studies indicated that CD44hi cells divide slowly relative to the CD44− cells, suggesting their tumorigenicity is not simply due to faster proliferation. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) sort further increased the tumorigenicity of CD44hi cells from 2/2 patient tumors, but CD133 tumor cells in our hands did not have increased tumorigenicity. Our observations indicate that CD44 is a marker of stem‐like cells in colon cancer, and support the use of additional markers to further purify colon cancer stem cells. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of α‐tocopherol, N‐acetylcysteine and omeprazole on esophageal adenocarcinoma formation in a rat surgical model
Authors: Hao Jing , Zhang Bin , Liu Ba , Lee Maojung , Hao Xingpei , Reuhl Kenneth R. , Chen Xiaoxin , Yang Chung S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that oxidative stress subsequent to gastroesophageal reflux is an important driving force of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) formation in the esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis (EGDA) rat model. This study investigated the possible tumor inhibitory effects of 2 antioxidants, α‐tocopherol (389 and 778 ppm), N‐acetylcysteine (NAC, 500 and 1,000 ppm), and their combination (389 and 500 ppm, respectively), as well as an antacid therapeutic agent, omeprazole (1,400 ppm). The rats were fed experimental diets 2 weeks after EGDA. All the animals were sacrificed 40 weeks after EGDA and the esophagi were harvested for histopathological examination. α‐Tocopherol dose‐dependently decreased the incidence of EAC (p = 0.03), with 778 ppm α‐tocopherol reducing the incidence of EAC to 59% (16/27) in comparison with 84% (26/31) in the control group (p = 0.04). Supplementation of α‐tocopherol also increased the serum concentration of α‐tocopherol. NAC at 500 and 1,000 ppm did not significantly decrease EAC incidence; however, the combination of α‐tocopherol 389 ppm and NAC 500 ppm significantly reduced the incidence of EAC to 55% (15/27) (p = 0.02). α‐Tocopherol alone or in combination with NAC significantly reduced the number of infiltrating cells positively stained for 4‐hydroxynonenal. Omeprazole showed only a slight nonsignificant inhibitory effect at the dose given. Our results suggest that supplementation with α‐tocopherol inhibits the development of EAC in the rat EGDA model and similar inhibitory effect can be achieved when a lower dose of α‐tocopherol is used in combination with NAC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Natural killer cell‐mediated lysis of freshly isolated human tumor cells
Authors: Carlsten Mattias , Malmberg Karl‐Johan , Ljunggren Hans‐Gustaf 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStudies on interactions between natural killer (NK) cells and freshly isolated human tumor cells are still relatively scarce. With respect to the understanding of NK cell interactions with human tumors in vivo, and attempts to better predict the outcome of NK cell‐mediated adoptive immunotherapy, such studies merit further attention. They may provide information that is not readily evident through studies of human tumor cell lines established through long‐term culturing in vitro. The latter undergo several changes and adaptations to their environment, many of which may affect interactions with NK cells. Studies of NK cell interactions with freshly explanted human tumors, however, are cumbersome for several reasons including; often poor accessibility of human tumor material per se, difficulties in sample processing and contamination of tumors with nontumor cells, spontaneous apoptosis of tumor cells, as well as methodological challenges in assessing tumor cell lysis following interactions with NK cells. Here, we review the current knowledge on NK cell interaction with freshly isolated human tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tin triggers suicidal death of erythrocytes
Authors: Nguyen Tan Thanh , Föller Michael , Lang Florian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSuicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase in cytosolic Ca2+ activity, formation of ceramide and energy depletion. Excessive eryptosis contributes to several anemic conditions. Intoxication with inorganic tin(II) may lead to anemia. The present study therefore explored whether tin influences eryptosis. To this end, erythrocytic phosphatidylserine exposure was estimated from annexin V‐binding, cell volume from forward scatter, cytosolic Ca2+ activity from Fluo3 fluorescence, ceramide formation from binding of fluorescent antibodies and cytosolic ATP utilizing a luciferin–luciferase assay kit. Under control conditions, eryptosis was observed in less than 5% of the erythrocytes. Exposure to tin (1–100 µm) significantly increased the percentage of PS‐exposing erythrocytes and decreased cell volume. The effect was paralleled by an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, ceramide formation and a decrease of intracellular ATP concentration. In conclusion, tin triggers eryptosis, an effect at least partially due to Ca2+ entry, ceramide formation and ATP depletion. The effect could contribute to tin‐induced anemia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐laboratory comparisons of assessment of the allergenic potential of proteins in mice
Authors: Herouet‐Guicheney C. , Aldemir H. , Bars R. , de Barbeyrac D. , Kennel P. , Rouquié D. , Stahl B. U. , Kimber I. , Dearman R. J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAssessment of the potential allergenicity of novel proteins, including those expressed in genetically modified plants, is an important issue. In previous studies, we have shown that the IgE measurement induced by systemic exposure of BALB/c mice to a range of proteins correlates broadly with what is known of their allergenic potential in humans. The approach used a homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) assay that reflects IgE‐dependent biological activity and is of sufficient sensitivity to detect IgE production in the absence of adjuvant. In previous studies, the immunization phase was conducted independently in two separate facilities, and the subsequent analytical work (PCA) conducted in a single facility. The purpose here was to further evaluate the transferability of this approach. To this end, BALB/c mice were exposed to a range of doses of peanut agglutinin or ovalbumin, allergenic proteins of peanut and hen's egg, respectively, in two independent laboratories. Serial doubling dilutions of serum pooled for each treatment group were analyzed for specific IgE. At higher doses of allergen very similar, or identical, IgE titers were achieved in both laboratories, although at lower doses, responses were somewhat more variable. These data demonstrate that, although technically demanding, the measurement of protein allergen‐induced IgE antibody production in mice using PCA is relatively robust and is transferable and reproducible between laboratories. This approach may provide a useful tool for the safety assessment of novel proteins and suggests that continued evaluation of the approach with a wider range of protein allergens and non‐sensitising proteins is justified. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.