bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive FAS‐multigrid method for nonlinear elliptic equations on unstructured grids
Authors: Mohamed S. A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA two‐step, node‐wise assembly procedure is developed to enhance the classical assembly process that is repeatedly required for the nonlinear finite elements method. Using the proposed assembly method, an efficient nonlinear point‐wise Gauss–Seidel method is designed and used as a smoother in a full approximation storage multigrid (FAS_MG) that results in solving nonlinear problems on unstructured grids as efficient as the linear ones. Next, the FAS_MG solver is incorporated into an adaptive full multigrid cycle that solves the nonlinear problem on a coarse grid and uses a posteriori error estimator to adaptively and automatically construct a next finer grid. Numerical results show that the proposed method solves adaptively nonlinear finite elements elliptic problems within the textbook MG efficiency. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation of Spirocyclohexyl‐1,2,4‐trithiolane and Complexation Reaction with [Pt(η2‐nb)(PPh3)2] (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 36/2007)
Authors: Petzold Holm , Bräutigam Silvio , Görls Helmar , Weigand Wolfgang , Romanski Jaroslaw , Mloston Grzegorz 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows the insertion of a Pt0 complex fragment into the S–S bond of a 1,2,4‐trithiolane 1‐S‐oxide. Reactions of Pt0 complexes with small sulfur‐containing heterocycles have become more and more popular in order to generate and stabilize reactive sulfur‐containing species. The reaction presented leads to three‐ and four‐membered platinacycles by ring contraction with expulsion of the reactive thiocarbonyl derivatives. The postulated mechanism for the fragmentation of 1,2,4‐trithiolane 1‐S‐oxide, as well as the molecular structures, give a reasonable explanation for the observed selectivity. Details are discussed in the article by W. Weigand, G. Mloston et al. on p. 5627 ff. We thank Dr. Jaroslaw Romanski for decorating our Christmas tree (background) for this year and designing the cover picture.
Iminophenol Ligands Derived from Chiral Regioisomeric Hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane‐carbaldehydes: the Influence of the Substitution Pattern on Asymmetric Induction
Authors: Antonov Dmitrii Yu. , Rozenberg Valeria I. , Danilova Tat'yana I. , Starikova Zoya A. , Hopf Henning 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe planar‐chiral 12‐hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane‐4‐carbaldehyde (3, pseudo‐FHPC) was synthesized and resolved via its Schiff bases 9 using the enantiomers of α‐phenylethylamine. The absolute configurations of the enantiomers of 3 were determined by X‐ray diffraction. Derivatives 7–21, representatives of cyclophane‐derived iminophenols with ortho, pseudo‐gem and pseudo‐ortho arrangement of the functional groups, were prepared and studied as catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde affording the expected alcohols in up to 97 % ee. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Characterization of Subporphyrins with Dendritic Carbazole Arms
Authors: Xu Tinghua , Lu Ran , Liu Xingliang , Chen Peng , Qiu Xianping , Zhao Yingying 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA series of novel dendritic carbazole‐functionalized subporphyrins, T(Cz‐Gn)SubPs (n = 1–3), have been synthesized from pyridine–tri(pyrrol‐1‐yl)borane and the corresponding aldehydes. This study has demonstrated that intramolecular energy transfer from the carbazole dendron to the subporphyrin core occurs with a high efficiency which decreases with increasing dendron generation, in accord with the Förster mechanism of energy transfer. In addition, the carbazole dendron can lead to a blueshift of the absorption and emission bands of the subporphyrin core. The light‐harvesting abilities of these compounds increase with increasing generation. Meanwhile, these dendritic macromolecules emit intense yellow‐green light and may be good candidates for photonic devices. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Biogenesis and Biomimetic Chemistry: Can Complex Natural Products Be Assembled Spontaneously? (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1/2008)
Authors: Gravel Edmond , Poupon Erwan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows three representative structures of complex natural products. They exemplify the main topic discussed in the Microreview by E. Gravel and E. Poupon on p. 27 ff: To what extent can natural substances be assembled spontaneously in nature? The modular architecture of the Pompidou Centre for modern art and creation in Paris has been chosen as a background. Indeed, this masterpiece of architectural design has obvious references to the complexity of living systems.
Confronting complexity in late‐onset Alzheimer disease: application of two‐stage analysis approach addressing heterogeneity and epistasis
Authors: Thornton‐Wells Tricia A. , Moore Jason H. , Martin Eden R. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Haines Jonathan L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCommon diseases with a genetic basis are likely to have a very complex etiology, in which the mapping between genotype and phenotype is far from straightforward. A new comprehensive statistical and computational strategy for identifying the missing link between genotype and phenotype has been proposed, which emphasizes the need to address heterogeneity in the first stage of any analysis and gene‐gene interactions in the second stage. We applied this two‐stage analysis strategy to late‐onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) data, which included functional and positional candidate genes and markers in a region of interest on chromosome 10. Bayesian classification found statistically significant clusterings for independent family‐based and case‐control datasets, which used the same five markers in leucine‐rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 3 (LRRTM3) as the most influential in determining cluster assignment. In subsequent analyses to detect main effects and gene‐gene interactions, markers in three genes—urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (PLAU), angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) and cell division cycle 2 (CDC2)—were found to be associated with LOAD in particular subsets of the data based on their LRRTM3 multilocus genotype. All of these genes are viable candidates for LOAD based on their known biological function, even though PLAU, CDC2 and LRRTM3 were initially identified as positional candidates. Further studies are needed to replicate these statistical findings and to elucidate possible biological interaction mechanisms between LRRTM3 and these genes. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing horizontal equity in medication treatment among elderly Mexicans: which socioeconomic determinants matter most?
Authors: Maurer Jürgen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMany low‐ and middle‐income countries are currently undergoing a dramatic epidemiological transition, with an increasing disease burden due to degenerative noncommunicable diseases. Inexpensive medication treatment often represents a cost‐effective means to prevent, control or cure many of these health conditions. Using micro‐data from the 2001 Mexican Health and Aging Study, we assess horizontal inequity in medication treatment among older Mexicans before the introduction of Popular Health Insurance in Mexico. In doing so, we investigate the role of various dimensions of socioeconomic status for obtaining indicated medication treatment within a comparatively fragmented health‐care system that features relatively high out‐of‐pocket expenditures. Our empirical analysis suggests health insurance coverage as a key socioeconomic determinant of indicated medication use with large and statistically significant positive effects on take‐up. The effects of insurance status thereby clearly dominate any other possible effects of socioeconomic status on medication treatment. Our results thus highlight the importance of access to reliable health care and comprehensive coverage for rational medication use in the management of degenerative diseases. In light of this evidence, we expect that recent Mexican health‐care reforms, which expand health insurance coverage to the previously uninsured population, will alleviate socioeconomic gradients in medication treatment among older people in need. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can we fix it? Yes we can! But what? A new test of procedural invariance in TTO‐measurement
Authors: Attema Arthur E. , Brouwer Werner B. F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe TTO‐method is often used to value health states, but it is susceptible to several biases and methodological difficulties. One of these is a violation of procedural invariance, which means that the way a TTO‐question is framed, i.e. either by fixing the period in imperfect health or that in perfect health, can have a substantial effect on the elicited value of a health state. There are four important sources of discrepancy of the two procedures: loss aversion, maximum endurable time, scale compatibility and discounting. In this article, we present the results of a new test of procedural invariance in which we avoided or corrected for two of these sources (discounting and maximum endurable time). Our results indicate that while correcting for discounting does diminish the difference between the two TTO‐procedures, a large and significant violation of procedural invariance remains. Loss aversion is probably the main determinant of the remainder of this difference. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of permanent and transitory shocks in explaining international health expenditures
Authors: Narayan Paresh Kumar , Narayan Seema 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWhile there is a growing literature that examines the issue of cointegration (co‐movement over the long run) among health expenditures, there are no studies that examine the issue of common cycles (co‐movement over the short run) among health expenditures. We undertake a multivariate variance decomposition analysis of per capita health expenditures of the USA, the UK, Japan, Canada, and Switzerland based on a common‐trend–common‐cycle restriction framework, to examine the relative importance of permanent and transitory innovations in explaining variations in per capita health expenditures in each of the five countries. Our main finding is that transitory shocks are more important in explaining per capita health expenditures in the UK, Japan, and Switzerland, while permanent shocks dominate variations in per capita health expenditures in the USA and Canada over short horizons. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological essentialism and cultural variation: children's beliefs about aggression in the United States and South Africa
Authors: Giles Jessica W. , Legare Cristine , Samson Jennifer E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe present study compared indigenous South African versus African‐American schoolchildren's beliefs about aggression. Eighty 7–9 year olds (40 from each country) participated in interviews in which they were asked to make inferences about the stability, malleability, and causal origins of aggressive behaviour. Although a minority of participants from both countries endorsed essentialist beliefs about aggression, South African children were more likely than American children to do so. Results also revealed some degree of coherence in children's patterns of beliefs about aggression, such that children responded across superficially different measures in ways that appear theoretically consistent. The authors consider these findings in light of debates concerning the role of cultural forces in shaping person perception. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypothyroidism among pediatric cancer patients: A nationwide, registry‐based study
Authors: Madanat Laura‐Maria S. , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Hurme Saija , Dyba Tadeusz , Salmi Toivo T. , Sankila Risto 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the incidence and prevalence of hypothyroidism (HT) among childhood cancer survivors by means of register linkage. Patients extracted from the Finnish Cancer Registry data base (5,180 patients with cancer diagnosis at the age of 0–15 years, and born after 1970) were linked with thyroxin reimbursement data (Drug Reimbursement Register) and with thyroxin purchase data (prescription database) maintained by the Social Insurance Institution. At the end of follow‐up, the prevalence of HT (10,509/100,000) was found to exceed that in the general population (240/100,000) for those aged <35 years. Diagnostic group (p < 0.0001) and gender (p < 0.0025) had significant effect on the risk of developing HT. Males were less prone to the development of HT. Cumulative incidence rate of HT was highest in patients with thyroid cancer (TC), Hodgkin lymphoma, central nervous system (CNS) tumors and neuroblastoma. Except in patients with TC (4.5 months) and CNS tumors (19 months), the median time for the appearance of HT was quite long, varying between 2 and 4.5 years. We consider our results valuable in providing new data for the planning of thyroid function follow‐up in different diagnostic groups of childhood cancer survivors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elimination of regulatory T cells is essential for an effective vaccination with tumor lysate‐pulsed dendritic cells in a murine glioma model
Authors: Grauer Oliver M. , Sutmuller Roger P.M. , van Maren Wendy , Jacobs Joannes F.M. , Bennink Erik , Toonen Liza W.J. , Nierkens Stefan , Adema Gosse J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBoth melanoma and glioma cells are of neuroectodermal origin and share common tumor associated antigens. In this article, we report that the melanocyte differentiation antigen TRP2 (tyrosinase‐related protein 2) is not predominately involved in the tumor rejection of a syngeneic murine glioma. Although GL261 glioma cells endogenously expressed TRP2 and were lysed by TRP2 specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in vitro, vaccinations with TRP2 peptide‐pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) could only induce minor antiglioma responses in a prophylactic setting and failed to work in a stringent setting where vaccine and tumor were administered on the same day. Further analysis revealed that TRP2 is not recognized by bulk CTLs after depletion of regulatory T cells which results in tumor rejections in vivo. In contrast to TRP2 peptide‐pulsed DC, tumor lysate‐pulsed DCs were more potent as a vaccine and completely protected mice from tumor outgrowth in a prophylactic setting. However, the vaccine efficacy of tumor lysate‐pulsed DC was not sufficient to prevent the tumor outgrowth when tumors were inoculated the same day. In this case, Treg depletion before vaccination was essential to boost antiglioma immune responses leading to the rejection of 80% of the mice and long‐term immunity. Therefore, we conclude that counteracting the immunosuppressive glioma tumor environment via depletion of regulatory T cells is a prerequisite for successful eradication of gliomas after targeting multiple tumor antigens by using tumor lysate‐pulsed DCs as a vaccine in a more stringent setting. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mismatch repair expression in testicular cancer predicts recurrence and survival
Authors: Velasco Alfredo , Corvalan Alejandro , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Riquelme Erick , Chuaqui Rodrigo , Majerson Alejandro , Leach Fredrick S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe investigated mismatch repair (MMR) gene expression in testicular cancer as a molecular marker for clinical outcome (recurrence, response to chemotherapy and death) using protein expression and specific genetic alterations associated with the presence or absence of MMR activity. One hundred sixty‐two cases of paraffin‐embedded testis cancer specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibody for MLH1 and MSH2 MMR proteins and genetic analysis using specific polymorphic markers. The degree of MMR immunoreactivity and genetic instability in the form of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and/or microsatellite instability (MSI) were determined by comparing matched normal and tumor tissue. The degree of immunohistochemical staining for MMR expression was associated with a shorter time to tumor recurrence, resistance to chemotherapy and death. Furthermore, clinical relapse and cancer specific death was also associated with tumors exhibiting a high degree of MSI, p = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively. In contrast, LOH was not associated with recurrence, resistance to chemotherapy or death. Therefore, MMR expression defines testis cancers with distinct molecular properties and clinical behavior, such that tumors with decreased MMR immunostaining and/or increased frequency of MSI have a shorter time to recurrence and death despite chemotherapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vaccine‐related HPV genotypes in women with and without cervical cancer in Mozambique: Burden and potential for prevention
Authors: Castellsagué Xavier , Klaustermeier JoEllen , Carrilho Carla , Albero Ginesa , Sacarlal Jahit , Quint Wim , Kleter Bernhard , Lloveras Belen , Ismail Mamudo Rafik , de Sanjosé Silvia , Bosch F. Xavier , Alonso Pedro , Menéndez Clara 
Published: December 2007

AbstractKnowledge about the burden of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections in Sub‐Saharan Africa is very limited. We collected cervical samples from 262 women from the general population and 241 tumor samples from women with invasive cervical cancer in Mozambique and tested them for HPV genotyping by the SPF10‐LiPA25 PCR system. Among the 195 women without cervical abnormalities by cytology HPV prevalence was 75.9%. In this group of women, the most frequently identified HPV types among HPV‐positive women were in descending order of frequency: HPV51 (23.6%), HPV35 (19.6%), HPV18 (14.2%), HPV31 (13.5%) and HPV52 (12.8%). In women with cervical cancer HPV DNA detection was 100%. The type‐specific distribution of the most frequent types in descending order of frequency was: HPV16 (47.0%), HPV18 (31.3%), HPV51 (14.8%), HPV52 (14.3%), HPV45 (12.6%), HPV35 (10.4%), HPV33 (4.8%) and HPV31 (2.6%). HPVs 16/18 and HPVs 16/18/31/45 were detected in 71.7% and 80.9% of cervical cancer tissue, respectively. While HPVs 51 and 35 were the two most common types in cytologically normal women in Mozambique, HPVs 16 and 18 remained the two most frequently identified types in cervical cancer. The introduction of an efficacious HPV 16/18 vaccine could potentially prevent the occurrence of 72% of cervical cancer cases and up to 81% of the cases if full cross‐protection against HPVs 31 and 45 is assumed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nox1 downstream of 12‐lipoxygenase controls cell proliferation but not cell spreading of colon cancer cells
Authors: de Carvalho Daniela D. , Sadok Amine , Bourgarel‐Rey Véronique , Gattacceca Florence , Penel Claude , Lehmann Maxime , Kovacic Hervé 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe catalytic subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex, Nox1 (homologue of gp91phox/Nox2), expressed mainly in intestinal epithelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, functions in innate immune defense and cell proliferation. The molecular mechanisms underlying these functions, however, are not completely understood. We measured Nox1‐dependent Oproduction during cell spreading on Collagen IV (Coll IV) in colon carcinoma cell lines. Knocking down Nox1 by shRNA, we showed that Nox1‐dependent Oproduction is activated during cell spreading after 4 hr of adhesion on Collagen IV. Nox1 activation during cell spreading relies on Rac1 activation and arachidonic metabolism. Our results showed that manoalide (a secreted phospholipase A2 inhibitor) and cinnamyl‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐α‐cyanocinnamate (a 12‐lipoxygenase inhibitor) inhibit Oproduction, cell spreading and cell proliferation in these colonic epithelial cells. 12‐Lipoxygenase inhibition of ROS production and cell spreading can be reversed by adding 12‐HETE, a 12‐lipoxygenase product, supporting the specific effect observed with cinnamyl‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐α‐cyanocinnamate. In contrast, Nox1 shRNA and DPI (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) weakly affect cell spreading while inhibiting Oproduction and cell proliferation. These results suggest that the 12‐lipoxygenase pathway is upstream of Nox1 activation and controls cell spreading and proliferation, while Nox1 specifically affects cell proliferation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitroxyl inhibits breast tumor growth and angiogenesis
Authors: Norris Andrew J. , Sartippour Maryam R. , Lu Ming , Park Taylor , Rao Jian Yu , Jackson Matthew I. , Fukuto Jon M. , Brooks Mai N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNitroxyl (HNO) can inhibit the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Because of the importance of glycolysis in many malignant cells, we thus propose that HNO can adversely affect tumor growth. This hypothesis was tested using in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. We report here for the first time that HNO suppresses the proliferation of both estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and ER‐negative human breast cancer cell lines, in a dose dependent manner. Mice treated with HNO either injected into the tumor itself or via the intraperitoneal approach had smaller xenograft tumor size. In addition to significantly decreased blood vessel density in the HNO‐treated tumors, we observed lower levels of circulating serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Accordingly, there was a decrease in total HIF‐1α (hypoxia‐inducible factor) protein in HNO‐treated tumor cells. Further studies showed inhibition of GAPDH activity in HNO‐treated human breast cancer cell lines and in HNO‐treated tumor tissue derived from xenografts. One explanation for the multiplicity of actions observed after HNO treatment could be the effect from the initial inhibition of GAPDH, providing a potential therapeutic avenue based upon blocking glycolysis resulting in decreased HIF‐1α, thus leading to angiogenesis inhibition. Therefore, HNO appears to act via mechanism(s) different from those of existing breast cancer drugs, making it a potential candidate to overcome known and emerging drug resistance pathways. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustained release of complexed and naked DNA from polymer films
Authors: Ramgopal Y. , Mondal D. , Venkatraman S. S. , Godbey W. T. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractControlled release studies of DNA from polymers have been limited, with most studies concentrating on microsphere formulations. This report details a study done on the release and transfection efficiencies of pDNA‐lipofectamine complex (lipoplex), from selected polymeric films in which it was dispersed; the release and transfection efficiency was compared with that of naked pDNA. A biodegradable and a biostable polymer were compared. A sustained release profile was obtained from both the polymeric films. For the release of pDNA (naked DNA), a burst effect was always seen, and was suppressed using additives; for complexed pDNA (lipoplex), the release was slow, but could be accelerated using additives. The compositions of the released lipoplexes were also quantified in terms of the fraction that was complexed. In addition, the transfection efficiency of the released complexes and of the naked pDNA was determined in vitro using COS 7 cells. The results also demonstrated that bioactivity of the released complexed pDNA was superior to that of the released naked DNA. Such formulations may be useful for local sustained delivery of lipoplexes from implanted films. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008