bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of changes in mood following a mood induction in osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Devellis Robert F. , Carl Karen L. , Devellis Brenda M. , Blalock Susan J. , Patterson Carol Carswell 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine the relationship of mood management skills, and affective and cognitive states to changes in moods following mood induction among people with osteoarthritis.Methods. After completing questionnaires, participants underwent a negative mood induction. Momentary moods were assessed prior to, immediately following, and several minutes after the mood induction.Results. A specific mood management skill, mood clarity, consistently predicted changes in positive mood following the mood induction: people who scored high on mood clarity experienced less diminution in positive affect. In contrast, changes in negative affect were unrelated to mood management skills. However, people who scored higher on measures of depressive symptoms and pessimism rebounded from the negative induced mood less strongly than others.Conclusion. Positive and negative emotional states operate largely independently and are differentially influenced by mood clarity, depressive symptoms, and pessimism. High levels of mood clarity may be adaptive in illnesses such as osteoarthritis because negative affective experiences that may be unavoidable need not preclude positive affective states.
A survey of United States rheumatologists concerning effectiveness of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and prednisone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wolf Frederick , Albert Daniel A. , Pincus Theodore 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective. To collect the ratings of American rheumatologists regarding relative short‐term and long‐term effectiveness of disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and to compare these data with results of a meta‐analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of these drugs.Methods. A survey was mailed to 3,200 United States rheumatologists who were members of the American College of Rheumatology during the summer of 1996. The survey was completed by 645 rheumatologists.Results. Methotrexate (MTX) was rated as substantially more effective than any other DMARD after both 1 year and 4 years of therapy. At 1 year, more than 90% of rheumatologists rated MTX as “good or excellent,” compared with 35% giving a similar rating to intramuscular (IM) gold, the second‐ranked DMARD. At 4 years, MTX was rated as “good or excellent” by 65%, compared with 53% for combinations, 30% for prednisone, and 11% for hydroxychloroquine, the second‐ranked single DMARD. These ratings reflect results of long‐term observational studies, but differ considerably from a meta‐analysis of results of short‐term RCTs, in which the efficacy of MTX, sulfasalazine, penicillamine, and IM gold were indistinguishable.Conclusion. The ratings of US rheumatologists regarding effectiveness of DMARD therapies are in agreement with observational data, but differ substantially from results of RCTs. These findings suggest that observational studies may yield useful and important information about treatment results, which are complementary to, but not available from, the RCT model. Regulatory agencies should consider long‐term observational studies as a part of the evaluation of drugs.
Self‐management of fibromyalgia: The role of formal coping skills training and physical exercise training programs
Authors: Sandstrom Marlene J. , Keefe Francis J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere has been growing interest in the use of formal self‐management training programs for people with fibromyalgia (FM). In these programs, health care professionals serve as trainers and provide education about FM and guided instruction in specific self‐management strategies. A review of the literature on formal self‐management training programs for FM suggests that they can be divided into groups: (1) those emphasizing training in coping skills (e.g., relaxation, activity pacing, and problem‐solving techniques), and (2) those emphasizing training in physical exercise (e.g., cardiovascular fitness, strength, and endurance training). In this article, we review studies that have tested the efficacy of both types of programs. In addition, we identify key individual and contextual variables that are related to outcome and highlight future directions in the research and development of self‐management programs.
Stochastic optimization for allocation problems with shortfall risk constraints
Authors: Casarin Roberto , Billio Monica 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne of the crucial aspects in asset allocation problems is the assumption concerning the probability distribution of asset returns. Financial managers generally suppose normal distribution, even if extreme realizations usually have an higher frequency than in the Gaussian case. The aim of this paper is to propose a general Monte Carlo simulation approach able to solve an asset allocation problem with shortfall constraint, and to evaluate the exact portfolio risk‐level when managers assume a misspecified return behaviour. We assume that returns are generated by a multivariate skewed Student‐t distribution where each marginal can have different degrees of freedom. The stochastic
optimization allows us to value the effective risk for managers. In the empirical application we consider a symmetric and heterogeneous case, and interestingly note that a multivariate Student‐t with heterogeneous marginal distributions produces in the optimization problem a shortfall probability and a shortfall return level that can be adequately approximated by assuming a multivariate Student‐t with common degrees of freedom. Thus, the proposed simulation‐based approach could be an important instrument for investors who require a qualitative assessment of the reliability and sensitivity of their investment strategies in the case their models could be potentially misspecified. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism: A housekeeping pathway that regulates food intake
Authors: López Miguel , Lelliott Christopher J. , Vidal‐Puig Antonio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hypothalamus is a specialized area in the brain that integrates the control of energy homeostasis. More than 70 years ago, it was proposed that the central nervous system sensed circulating levels of metabolites such as glucose, lipids and amino acids and modified feeding according to the levels of those molecules. This led to the formulation of the Glucostatic, Lipostatic and Aminostatic Hypotheses. It has taken almost that much time to demonstrate that circulating long‐chain fatty acids act as signals of nutrient surplus in the hypothalamus. Moreover, pharmacological and/or genetic inhibition of fatty acid synthase, AMP‐activated protein kinase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 results in profound decrease in feeding and body weight in rodents. The molecular mechanism behind these actions depends on changes in the cellular pool of malonyl‐CoA and fatty acyl‐CoAs. Current evidence also suggests that this pathway may play a major role in the physiological regulation of feeding, by integrating hormonal and nutrient‐derived signals in the hypothalamus. Here, we summarize what is known about hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism and feeding control and provide future directions for research. Understanding these molecular mechanisms could provide new targets for the treatment of obesity and related disorders. BioEssays 29: 248–261, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epithelial branching: The power of self‐loathing
Authors: Lee Wen‐Chin , Davies Jamie A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBranching morphogenesis of epithelia is an important mechanism in mammalian development. The last decade has seen the identification of many signalling pathways and intracellular mechanisms that control epithelial branching. Tissue‐level mechanisms that space new branches out have, however, remained an unsolved problem. A recent publication by Nelson et al.1 suggests—if extrapolation from their novel and abstract culture system is valid—that branches may be spaced out by a system of mutual inhibition based on diffusion of TGFβ. Such a system would allow a developing tree to arrange itself, without detailed genetic specification, by adaptive self‐organization. BioEssays 29: 205–207, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Left–right patterning from the inside out: Widespread evidence for intracellular control
Authors: Levin Michael , Palmer A. Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe field of left–right (LR) patterning—the study of molecular mechanisms that yield directed morphological asymmetries in otherwise symmetrical organisms—is in disarray. On one hand is the undeniably elegant hypothesis that rotary beating of inclined cilia is the primary symmetry‐breaking step: they create an asymmetric extracellular flow across the embryonic midline. On the other hand lurk many early symmetry‐breaking steps that, even in some vertebrates, precede the onset of ciliary flow. We highlight an intracellular model of LR patterning where gene expression is initiated by physiological asymmetries that arise from subcellular asymmetries (e.g. motor‐protein function along oriented cytoskeletal tracks). A survey of symmetry breaking in eukaryotes ranging from protists to vertebrates suggests that intracellular cytoskeletal elements are ancient and primary LR cues. Evolutionarily, quirky effectors like ciliary motion were likely added later in vertebrates. In some species (like mice), developmentally earlier cues may have been abandoned entirely. Late‐developing asymmetries pose a challenge to the intracellular model, but early mid‐plane determination in many groups increases its plausibility. Multiple experimental tests are possible. BioEssays 29: 271–287, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of rat brain kynurenic acid by column‐switching HPLC with fluorescence detection
Authors: Fukushima Takeshi , Mitsuhashi Shogo , Tomiya Masayuki , Kawai Junko , Hashimoto Kenji , Toyo'oka Toshimasa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKynurenic acid (KYNA), one of the tryptophan metabolites, serves as an endogenous antagonist of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate and the α7 nicotinic receptors in mammalian brains. In the present study, the column‐switching high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method we developed for plasma KYNA was extended and validated for the determination of brain KYNA. Rat cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem homogenates were deproteinized with acetone, and the extracts reconstituted with the mobile phase were injected onto the HPLC. In spite of the facile pretreatment, the fluorescence peak of KYNA in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem was clearly observed with no interfering peaks. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions [relative standard deviation (%)] and accuracies [relative mean error (%)] were satisfactory (< ±5.8%). The concentrations of KYNA in rat cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem were 224 ± 65.8, 606 ± 191, and 323 ± 114 fmol/mg protein (n = 5), respectively. The proposed HPLC method will be a useful tool for pharmacokinetic and pharmacological researches on brain KYNA. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First biodegradable metal stent in a child with congenital heart disease: Evaluation of macro and histopathology
Authors: Zartner Peter , Buettner Maike , Singer Helmut , Sigler Matthias 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNew developments in stent technology led to the first biodegradable magnesium stents. To overcome the fundamental restrictions of conventional stent implantation, these new stents may improve interventional therapy, also in small children. What remains after complete degradation of a magnesium stent is of particular interest and concern. At the autopsy, 2 months after the projected complete degradation time of the 3.0 × 10 mm2 stent, no solid compounds were detected, and the vessel diameter had increased slightly to 3.7 mm. Histological preparation revealed an amorphous to jelly‐like substitute of the magnesium struts mainly consisting of calcium phosphate covered by fibrotic tissue. Immunological staining revealed no relevant inflammatory reaction to the stent material. Neointima proliferation was detected around the struts with some cellular infiltration of the calcium‐phosphate material. These pathological and histological findings show minimal alteration of the vessel wall and an increase of the arterial diameter after stent degradation. This is an important precondition for further use of biodegradable stents in small infants. Further observations have to prove whether these findings do reproduce in other settings also. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Some Ebselen Analogues
Authors: Bhabak Krishna P. , Mugesh Govindasamy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSimple synthetic routes for several analogues of the anti‐inflammatory organoselenium drug, ebselen, are described. The compounds are characterized by 1H, 13C, and 77Se NMR spectroscopy and mass spectral techniques and, in some cases, by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐like antioxidant activity has been studied by using H2O2, tBuOOH, and Cum‐OOH as substrates, and thiophenol (PhSH, 4‐Me‐C6H4SH) and glutathione (GSH) as cosubstrates. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed on these systems to understand the effects of various substituents on the 77Se NMR chemical shifts; these results have been compared with the experimental data. The experimental and theoretical results suggest that the presence of a phenyl substituent on the nitrogen atom is important for the antioxidant activity of ebselen. While ebselen and its analogues are poor catalysts in aromatic thiol assays, these compounds exhibit high GPx activity when GSH is used as the cosubstrate. The poor catalytic activity of ebselen analogues in the presence of aromatic thiols such as PhSH and 4‐Me‐C6H4SH can be ascribed to the undesired thiol exchange reaction that takes place at the selenium center due to Se⋅⋅⋅O nonbonding interactions. To understand the effects of different peroxides on the catalytic activities, we have determined the initial rates at various concentrations of GSH and peroxides. These data suggest that the nature of peroxide has little effect on the catalytic efficiencies, although the initial reaction rates observed with hydrogen peroxide were found to be higher than that with tBuOOH and Cum‐OOH. In contrast to the effect of peroxides, the nature of thiols appears to have a dramatic effect on the catalytic activity of ebselen and its related derivatives.
Synthesis of High‐Brightness Sub‐micrometer Y2O2S Red Phosphor Powders by Complex Homogeneous Precipitation Method.
Authors: Kawahara Yoshiyuki , Petrykin Valery , Ichihara Takahashi , Kijima Naoto , Kakihana Masato 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Proton Conduction in La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2 O3‐α.
Authors: Ma Guilin , Zhang Feng , Zhu Jianli , Meng Guangyao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Step Synthesis and Optical and Electrical Properties of Thin Film Cu3BiS3 for Use as a Solar Absorber in Photovoltaic Devices.
Authors: Gerein Nathan J. , Haber Joel A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
La1‐xSrxMnO3 (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) Nanoparticles Nearly Freestanding in Water: Preparation and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Tian Yang , Chen Dairong , Jiao Xiuling 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fundamental Studies of P(GeH3)3, As(GeH3)3, and Sb(GeH3)3: Practical n‐Dopants for New Group IV Semiconductors.
Authors: Chizmeshya A. V. G. , Ritter C. , Tolle J. , Cook C. , Menendez J. , Kouvetakis J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a δ‐SnS Polymorph by Electrodeposition.
Authors: Brownson Jeffrey R. S. , Georges Cecile , Levy‐Clement Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[(H2en)7(C2O4)2] n (Pb4I18)n×4nH2O, a New Type of Perovskite Co‐Templated by Both Organic Cations and Anions.
Authors: Zhang Zhang‐Jing , Guo Guo‐Cong , Xu Gang , Fu Ming‐Lai , Zhou Jian‐Ping , Huang Jin‐Shun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of New Indium Rhenium and Scandium Rhenium Oxides, In6ReO12 and Sc6ReO12.
Authors: Mikhailova D. , Ehrenberg H. , Fuess H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
StePHOX, a New Family of Optically Active, Tunable Phosphine—Oxazoline Ligands: Syntheses and Applications.
Authors: Trudeau Stephane , Morken James P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Formation of Quaternary Stereocenters Using the Catalytic Intramolecular Stetter Reaction.
Authors: Moore Jennifer L. , Kerr Mark S. , Rovis Tomislav 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Equilibration — Access to Chiral Aldol Adducts of Mandelic Acid Esters.
Authors: Scholtis Stefan , Ide Andreas , Mahrwald Rainer 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mannich‐Type Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes, Anilines, and Methyl Ketones in Fluorous Biphase Systems Created by Rare Earth (III) Perfluorooctane Sulfonates Catalysts in Fluorous Media.
Authors: Yi Wen‐Bin , Cai Chun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Efficient Palladium Nanocatalyst Anchored on a Magnetically Functionalized Polymer‐Nanotube Support.
Authors: Ko Sungrok , Jang Jyongsik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iron(III) Chloride‐Promoted Direct Conversion of Aryl/Alkyl Cyanides to Esters.
Authors: Srinivasan R. , Rao K. Srinivasa , Jayachitra G. , Ralte Samuel L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Preparation of Vinylallenes from 2‐Bromo‐1,3,5‐trienes via an Alkylidene‐π‐allylpalladium‐Mediated Formal SN2′′ Pathway.
Authors: Ogasawara Masamichi , Fan Liyan , Ge Yonghui , Takahashi Tamotsu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Preparation of Terminally Functionalized Thiols from 6‐Bromohexanenitrile.
Authors: Wynne J. H. , Lloyd C. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxonitriles: A Grignard Addition—Acylation Route to Enamides.
Authors: Fleming Fraser F. , Wei Guoqing , Zhang Zhiyu , Steward Omar W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Copper‐ and Amine‐Free Sonogashira Reaction of Aryl Halides Catalyzed by 1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane Palladium Systems.
Authors: Ruiz Jose , Cutillas Natalia , Lopez Francisco , Lopez Gregorio , Bautista Delia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Baylis—Hillman Reactions Promoted by Chiral Imidazolines.
Authors: Xu Junye , Guan Yanyi , Yang Shihui , Ng Yurui , Peh Guangrong , Tan Choon‐Hong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkene Insertion into Cyclobutanones.
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Ashida Shinji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation of 2,2′‐Diacyl‐9,9′‐bifluorenylidene Isomers from 2‐Acyl‐9‐bromofluorene and Base‐Catalyzed Isomerization of the Formed Alkenes.
Authors: Minabe Masahiro , Yamazaki Ayumi , Imai Toshinobu , Takanezawa Takumi , Karikomi Michinori 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of an Asymmetric Fullerene Dimer via Sequential Cycloadditions.
Authors: Hingston Timothy J. , Sambrook Mark R. , Rees Nicholas H. , Porfyrakis Kyriakos , Briggs G. Andrew D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Multicomponent Reaction of [60]Fullerene: The First Example of 1,4‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction in Fullerene Chemistry.
Authors: Wang Guan‐Wu , Li Jia‐Xing 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.