bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
This is me! Neural correlates of self‐recognition in 6‐ to 8‐month‐old infants
Authors: Rigato Silvia , De Sepulveda Rita , Richardson Eleanor , Filippetti Maria Laura 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHistorically, evidence of self‐recognition in development has been associated with the “rouge test”; however, this has been often criticized for providing a reductionist picture of self‐conscious behavior. With two event‐related potential (ERP) experiments, this study investigated the origin of self‐recognition. Six‐ to eight‐month‐old infants (42 males and 35 females, predominately White, tested in the UK in 2022–2023) were presented with images of their face, another peer's face, and their mother's face (N = 38, Exp.1), and images of their own face morphed into another peer's face (N = 39, Exp.2). Results showed an enhanced P100 in infants' ERP response to their own face compared to others' faces (Exp.1 only), suggesting the presence of an enhanced attentional mechanism to one own's face as early as 6 months.
Reverse pupillary block, in contemporary scleral intraocular lens procedures
Authors: Schranz Markus , Schartmüller Daniel , Lisy Marcus , Reumueller Adrian , Abela‐Formanek Claudette 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the frequency and anterior segment optical coherence tomography parameters of patients with scleral fixated intraocular lenses (IOL) and reverse pupillary block (RPB).MethodsRetrospective analysis at a tertiary care centre (Department for Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Austria).We researched our records for patients who underwent scleral fixated IOL implantation from January 2018 till February 2023.Patients were included only if there was at least one adequate post‐operative scan of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) available.Initially, AS‐OCT scans were assessed for IOL tilt and decentration employing a 3D scan and then later for anterior chamber angle (ACA), aqueous anterior chamber depth (AQD), pupil diameter and iris‐IOL distance using the 2D scan at a 0° angle. Both an iris‐IOL distance of 0 or less and an ACA of more than 70° were required to define an RPB.ResultsA total of 110 patients met the inclusion criteria, 41 were treated using the Carlevale, 33 the four flanged, 24 the Yamane and 12 the Scharioth technique, respectively. RPB was found in 32 patients (29%). Twenty patients with RPB were treated using YAG peripheral iridotomy, mean ACA decreased from 91.91° ± 13.77 to 61.02° ± 8.52, (p < 0.001), mean AQD decreased from 4.67 mm ± 0.47 to 4.31 ± 0.36 mm (p < 0.001) and mean iris‐IOL distance increased from −0.09 ± 0.04 to 0.33 ± 0.30 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsRPB is found in a third of eyes who have undergone scleral fixated IOL implantation without iridectomy. YAG peripheral iridotomy is a potent option to treat RPB, and subsequently reduce the risk of iris chafing and secondary inflammation or glaucoma.
Perceptions of an acceptance‐based weight management treatment among adults living in rural areas
Authors: Bauman Viviana , Swanson Taylor N. , Eastman Abraham J. , Ross Kathryn M. , Perri Michael G. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryObesity and obesity‐related comorbidities disproportionately affect rural communities. Research has emerged in support of a novel acceptance‐based behavioural weight management treatment (ABT) that integrates the principles and procedures of acceptance‐commitment therapy (ACT) with traditional components of standard behavioural treatment (SBT). The current study assessed the perceptions of community stakeholders in rural areas to session materials of a commercially available ABT program. Surveys and focus groups were used to solicit feedback from three former interventionists with experience delivering SBTs in rural counties and from 17 former participants in these programs. Qualitative responses encompassed four overarching themes: (1) recommendations to support participant engagement, (2) comments about preferences for specific ABT and SBT strategies, (3) concerns about specific aspects of treatment delivery, and (4) requests for aesthetic changes to session materials to enhance clarity and engagement. Overall, participants viewed ABT materials and concepts favourably but believed it would be important to begin the intervention with rapport building and training in traditional SBT strategies prior to delving into ACT strategies. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of ABT for weight loss in adults with obesity living in rural communities and continue to solicit feedback from rural community stakeholders.
Three‐stage versus modified two‐stage surgery for ulcerative colitis: a patient‐centred treatment trade‐off study
Authors: Yang Mei Lucy , Brar Mantaj S. , Kennedy Erin , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThere is ongoing debate about whether ileal pouch–anal anastomosis needs temporary diversion at the time of construction. Stomas may reduce risk for anastomotic leak (AL) but are also associated with complications, emergency department visits and readmissions. This treatment trade‐off study aims to measure patients' preferences by assessing the absolute risk of AL and pouch failure (PF) they are willing to accept to avoid a diverting ileostomy.MethodsFifty‐two patients with ulcerative colitis, with or without previous pouch surgery, from Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, participated in this study. Standardized interviews were conducted using the treatment trade‐off threshold technique. An online anonymous survey was used to collect patient demographics. We measured the absolute increased risk in AL and PF that patients would accept to undergo modified two‐stage surgery as opposed to traditional three‐stage surgery.ResultsThirty‐two patients (mean age 38.7 ± 15.3) with previous surgery and 20 patients (mean age 39.5 ± 11.9) with no previous surgery participated. Patients were willing to accept an absolute increased leak rate of 5% (interquartile range 4.5%–15%) to avoid a diverting ileostomy. Similarly, patients were willing to accept an absolute increased PF rate of 5% (interquartile range 2.5%–10%). Younger patients, aged 21–29, had lower tolerance for PF, accepting an absolute increase of only 2% versus 5% for patients older than 30 (P = 0.01).ConclusionPatients were willing to accept a 5% increased AL rate or PF rate to avoid a temporary diverting ileostomy. This should be taken into consideration when deciding between modified two‐ and three‐stage pouch procedures.
A systematic review of participant descriptors reported in studies of adhesive small bowel obstruction
Authors: Rashid Adil , Kumar Mithun , Lee Matthew J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimReporting of participant descriptors in studies of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) can help identify characteristics associated with favourable outcomes and allow comparison with other studies and real‐world clinical populations. The aim was to identify the pattern of participant descriptors reported in studies assessing interventions for ASBO.MethodThis systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021281031) and reported in line with the PRISMA checklist. Systematic searches of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were undertaken to identify studies assessing operative and non‐operative interventions for adults with ASBO. Studies were dual screened for inclusion. Descriptors were categorised into conceptual domains by the research team.ResultsSearches identified 2648 studies, of which 73 were included. A total of 156 unique descriptors were identified. On average, studies reported 12 descriptors. The most frequently reported descriptors were sex, age, SBO aetiology, history of abdominal surgery, BMI and ASA classification. The highest number of descriptors in a single study was 34, compared to the lowest number of descriptors which was one. Pathway factors were the least frequently described domain. Overall, 37 descriptors were reported in just one study.ConclusionThere is a lack of consistency in participant descriptors reported in studies of SBO. Furthermore, a significant proportion of the descriptors were used infrequently. This makes it challenging to assess whether study participants are representative of the wider population. Further work is required to develop a Core Descriptor Set to standardise the reporting of patient characteristics and reduce heterogeneity between studies.
The conundrum of total neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer
Authors: Ballal Devesh S. , Vispute Tejas P. , Saklani Avanish P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTotal neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has fast become the paradigm in the management of rectal cancer. The widespread adoption of this approach across the world, not only for locally advanced cancers but even for cancers that otherwise would not merit chemotherapy, leads both to an increase in treatment‐related toxicity for patients and burdens the healthcare services of the country. It is important to tailor treatment to each patient based not only on the tumour but, even more importantly, on the patient's expectations and goals. The intent of treatment while prescribing TNT needs to be clear, understanding that not all patients are suitable for an organ preservation (watch and wait) approach and that the survival benefits of TNT are not as obvious as most proponents believe.
Household carbon dioxide emissions Engel Curve dynamics
Authors: Huang Robert , Kahn Matthew E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHousehold carbon dioxide emissions depend on the household's attributes and location. Wealthier suburbanites drive more and consume more energy at home. In recent years, affluent individuals have been more likely to purchase electric vehicles and install solar panels. Using several datasets from California, we observe that these shifts in consumer behavior have flattened household Carbon Emissions Engel Curves in the transportation sector and the electricity sector. Based on voting data from a 2018 proposition to repeal a fuel tax in California, we document that communities tend to support higher fuel taxes when their vehicle fleet is more fuel‐efficient.
Phenotypic and genetic divergence in a cold‐adapted grasshopper may lead to lineage‐specific responses to rapid climate change
Authors: Meza‐Joya Fabio Leonardo , Morgan‐Richards Mary , Trewick Steven A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimSpecies responses to global warming will depend on intraspecific diversity, yet studies of factors governing biogeographic patterns of variability are scarce. Here, we investigate the evolutionary processes underlying genetic and phenotypic diversity in the flightless and cold‐adapted grasshopper Sigaus piliferus, and project its suitable space in time.LocationTe Ika‐a‐Māui Aotearoa—North Island of New Zealand.MethodsWe used mitochondrial sequences to investigate population connectivity and demographic trends using phylogeographic tools and neutrality statistics. Metric data were used to document phenotypic variation using naïve clustering. We used niche metrics to assess intraspecific niche variation, and niche modelling to investigate suitability under past and future scenarios. Multiple matrix regressions with randomization explored the processes contributing to phenotypic differentiation among grasshopper populations.ResultsNiche models and demographic analyses suggest suitable space for this grasshopper was more restricted during glacial than interglacial stages. Genealogical relationships among ND2 haplotypes revealed a deep north–south split partly concordant with phenotypic and niche variation, suggesting two ecotypes that have mixed during recolonisation of the central volcanic region. Multiple matrix regressions with randomization indicate a link between climate and phenotypic differentiation inferred from leg and pronotum dimensions but not pronotum shape. Niche projections predict severe habitat reduction due to climate warming.Main conclusionsThe current distribution and intraspecific diversity of S. piliferus reflect complex biogeographical scenarios consistent with Quaternary climates and volcanism. Phenotypic divergence appears adaptive. Current levels of genetic and phenotypic variation suggest adaptive potential, yet the pace of anthropogenic warming over the next 50 years could result in small populations that may collapse before adapting. Differences in niche features between diverging intraspecific lineages suggest distinct responses to climate change, and this has implications for prioritising conservation actions and management strategies.
Increasing the complexity of lipoprotein characterization for cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Guardiola Montse , Rehues Pere , Amigó Núria , Arrieta Francisco , Botana Manuel , Gimeno‐Orna José A. , Girona Josefa , Martínez‐Montoro José Ignacio , Ortega Emilio , Pérez‐Pérez Antonio , Sánchez‐Margalet Víctor , Pedro‐Botet Juan , Ribalta Josep ,   the Cardiovascular Disease Group of the Spanish Society of Diabetes
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe burden of cardiovascular disease is particularly high among individuals with diabetes, even when LDL cholesterol is normal or within the therapeutic target. Despite this, cholesterol accumulates in their arteries, in part, due to persistent atherogenic dyslipidaemia characterized by elevated triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, smaller LDL particles and reduced HDL cholesterol. The causal link between dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis in T2DM is complex, and our contention is that a deeper understanding of lipoprotein composition and functionality, the vehicle that delivers cholesterol to the artery, will provide insight for improving our understanding of the hidden cardiovascular risk of diabetes. This narrative review covers three levels of complexity in lipoprotein characterization: 1—the information provided by routine clinical biochemistry, 2—advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based lipoprotein profiling and 3—the identification of minor components or physical properties of lipoproteins that can help explain arterial accumulation in individuals with normal LDLc levels, which is typically the case in individuals with T2DM. This document highlights the importance of incorporating these three layers of lipoprotein‐related information into population‐based studies on ASCVD in T2DM. Such an attempt should inevitably run in parallel with biotechnological solutions that allow large‐scale determination of these sets of methodologically diverse parameters.
Exposure to entomopathogenic fungus and high larval density induce a strong immune response and life‐history costs in black soldier fly, a commercially important insect
Authors: Opare Leonard Owuraku , Jensen Annette Bruun , Lecocq Antoine , Holm Sille , Esperk Toomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPathogen infection and conspecific density may considerably affect key life‐history traits of organisms. For naturally aggregating species, even low concentrations of pathogens or high larval densities may have detrimental effects. However, the detailed influence of these factors, particularly their interaction effect, is often overlooked in ecological and life‐history studies. To investigate the effects of conspecific density and pathogen infection on life‐history traits, we explored the influence of larval density (1 and 5 larvae cm−2, i.e., low and high density, respectively) on phenoloxidase (PO) activity, body mass, and development time of Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae in the presence of two strains of the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Beauveria bassiana (Bals.‐Criv.) Vuill. We observed higher PO activity in EPF‐treated larvae than in the untreated control and a pronounced difference in PO activity between the two EPF‐strain treatments. Larvae reared at high density and treated with EPF showed higher PO activity than untreated larvae at low density. The EPF‐treated larvae and larvae reared at high density had longer larval periods than untreated larvae and larvae reared at low density, respectively. Larvae reared at high density also achieved reduced prepupal and pupal masses compared to conspecifics at low density. Interestingly, untreated larvae only achieved higher prepupal and pupal masses at low density, whereas at high density, the pattern was reversed (treated individuals had higher pupal masses). Overall, our results demonstrate that high density and fungal pathogens both induce a higher immune response compared to low density and pathogen‐free environments, but this comes with a cost of a longer larval period and reduced body mass.
Adaptive responses to living in stressful habitats: Do invasive and native plant populations use different strategies?
Authors: Wan Justin S. H. , Bonser Stephen P. , Pang Clara K. , Fazlioglu Fatih , Rutherford Susan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlants inhabit stressful environments characterized by a variety of stressors, including mine sites, mountains, deserts, and high latitudes. Populations from stressful and reference (non‐stressful) sites often have performance differences. However, while invasive and native species may respond differently to stressful environments, there is limited understanding of the patterns in reaction norms of populations from these sites. Here, we use phylogenetically controlled meta‐analysis to assess the performance of populations under stress and non‐stress conditions. We ask whether stress populations of natives and invasives differ in the magnitude of lowered performance under non‐stress conditions and if they vary in the degree of performance advantage under stress. We also assessed whether these distinctions differ with stress intensity. Our findings revealed that natives not only have greater adaptive advantages but also more performance reductions than invasives. Populations from very stressful sites had more efficient adaptations, and performance costs increased with stress intensity in natives only. Overall, the results support the notion that adaptation is frequently costless. Reproductive output was most closely associated with adaptive costs and benefits. Our study characterized the adaptive strategies used by invasive and native plants under stressful conditions, thereby providing important insights into the limitations of adaptation to extreme sites.
Factors associated with development of post‐operative reflux in horses with large colon volvulus and association with complications and outcomes
Authors: Watrobska Natalia , Gough Rachel , Hallowell Gayle , Haugaard Simon , McGovern Kate F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative reflux (POR) is rare following large colon volvulus (LCV) but does occur despite the absence of a small intestinal lesion. The prevalence, risk factors and association with survival of POR after LCV are currently unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of POR in horses with an LCV and its association with survival. A further objective was to assess factors which may predict POR. The hypothesis was that horses with POR following LCV surgery have a worse outcome for survival compared to those without POR.Study designA retrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsClinical data of client owned horses which underwent colic surgery at a single UK referral hospital between 2008 and 2021, where LCV was the primary finding, were retrieved from hospital records. Statistical analyses included chi‐squared, t‐tests and odds ratios (ORs). Horses with concurrent lesions, and those that did not survive past anaesthetic recovery, were excluded from analysis. POR was defined as ≥2 L of gastric reflux on at least one occasion.ResultsA total of 128 horses were included in the study, 23 of which had POR (18%). Overall survival to hospital discharge was 86%, 95% in the non‐POR and 44% in the POR group. Horses with POR were less likely to survive to discharge than those without (OR = 26, 95% confidence interval [CI] [7.68–88.0], p < 0.001), and less likely to be alive 3 years after surgery (OR = 13.4, 95% CI [2.78–64.8], p < 0.001).Main limitationsDue to the retrospective study design, full data sets were not available for every case because clinical records were incomplete or, at that time, certain tests were not performed or clinical variables were not measured.ConclusionsPOR in LCV cases is a negative prognostic indicator for survival.
Symptomatic brain metastases in melanoma
Authors: Knox Andrea , Wang Tim , Shackleton Mark , Ameratunga Malaka 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough clinical outcomes in metastatic melanoma have improved in recent years, the morbidity and mortality of symptomatic brain metastases remain challenging. Response rates and survival outcomes of patients with symptomatic melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are significantly inferior to patients with asymptomatic disease. This review focusses upon the specific challenges associated with the management of symptomatic MBM, discussing current treatment paradigms, obstacles to improving clinical outcomes and directions for future research.
Mapping cutaneous field carcinogenesis of nonmelanoma skin cancer using mesoscopic imaging of pro‐inflammation cues
Authors: Shugar Andrea L. , Konger Raymond L. , Rohan Craig A. , Travers Jeffrey B. , Kim Young L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNonmelanoma skin cancers remain the most widely diagnosed types of cancers globally. Thus, for optimal patient management, it has become imperative that we focus our efforts on the detection and monitoring of cutaneous field carcinogenesis. The concept of field cancerization (or field carcinogenesis), introduced by Slaughter in 1953 in the context of oral cancer, suggests that invasive cancer may emerge from a molecularly and genetically altered field affecting a substantial area of underlying tissue including the skin. A carcinogenic field alteration, present in precancerous tissue over a relatively large area, is not easily detected by routine visualization. Conventional dermoscopy and microscopy imaging are often limited in assessing the entire carcinogenic landscape. Recent efforts have suggested the use of noninvasive mesoscopic (between microscopic and macroscopic) optical imaging methods that can detect chronic inflammatory features to identify pre‐cancerous and cancerous angiogenic changes in tissue microenvironments. This concise review covers major types of mesoscopic optical imaging modalities capable of assessing pro‐inflammatory cues by quantifying blood haemoglobin parameters and hemodynamics. Importantly, these imaging modalities demonstrate the ability to detect angiogenesis and inflammation associated with actinically damaged skin. Representative experimental preclinical and human clinical studies using these imaging methods provide biological and clinical relevance to cutaneous field carcinogenesis in altered tissue microenvironments in the apparently normal epidermis and dermis. Overall, mesoscopic optical imaging modalities assessing chronic inflammatory hyperemia can enhance the understanding of cutaneous field carcinogenesis, offer a window of intervention and monitoring for actinic keratoses and nonmelanoma skin cancers and maximise currently available treatment options.