bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Components of Visual Selection in Early Clonal Generations of a Potato Breeding Programme
Authors: Neele A. E. F. , Nab H. J. , Louwes K. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn the first two clonal generations of a potato breeding programme, clones are visually selected for ‘plant appearance’. Selection for plant appearance based on unreplicated small plots is unreliable, due to significant genotype × environment interaction and high error variance. In order to improve the selection efficiency, component traits of plant appearance were identified and the effect of selection for these components was studied. Tuber yield was found to be the principal component of plant appearance while stolon length and tuber appearance contributed significantly, but to a lesser extent. Tuber yield had a higher heritability than plant appearance. Characters determining the appearance of stolons and tubers were found to have equal or lower heritabilities than plant appearance at 80 days after planting and somewhat higher heritabilities than plant appearance at 145 days after planting. Hence, since the expected and observed selection responses of the component characters have been found to be equivalent to that of plant appearance, selection for plant appearance cannot be improved upon by separately selecting for characters like tuber yield and tuber appearance.
Plant Regeneration and Genetic Variability from Tissue Cultures of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Pugliesi C. , Cecconi F. , Mandolfo A. , Baroncelli S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAdventitious buds were induced from in vitro culture of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cotyledons. Four inbred lines (G1, G2, G3 and HA89), an open pollinated variety (‘Argentario’) and two hybrids with specific genetic markers were used. Cotyledons were cultured in vitro on MS medium (Murashlge and Skoog 1962) containing various concentrations of kinetin and indole 3‐acetic acid (IAA). The quantitative interactions between auxin and cytokinin, the age of the cotyledons and the 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) treatments have been found to influence shoot regeneration. The plantlets, after rooting, were successfully established on soil. Qualitative variation was noted in self‐pollinated progeny of plants regenerated from culture of two inbreds. Chimerism in regenerated plants was indicated by sectoring of the genetic markers. Some culture‐induced variant phenotypes were similar to known spontaneous mutation in sunflower but others have been not yet described. Preliminary data indicate that most of them may have single‐gene recessive inheritance.
Protoplast Fusion in the Genus Medicago and Isoenzyme Analysis of Parental and Somatic Hybrid Cell Lines
Authors: Pupilli F. , Arcioni S. , Damiani F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLeaf mesophyll protoplasts of Medicago arborea (2n = 32) were electrofused with cell suspension and/or callus protoplasts of Medicago sativa. Heterokaryons were identified in agarose beds by their dual fluorescein isothiocianate—chlorophyll fluorescence and their coordinates were recorded. Hybrid minicalli were manually picked up and grown first in nurse culture and then in callus induction medium. Hybrid nature of the selected calli was confirmed by isoenzyme analyses. In order to verify whether morphogenesis of somatic hybrid calli was affected by cell incompatibility, mesophyll and cell suspension protoplasts, derived from the same plant of M. sativa with high embryogenic capacity, were fused. Only callus tissues derived from mesophyll protoplasts retained the highly embryogenic character of the M. sativa genotype, while hybrid cell lines were non‐morphogenic and showed isoenzyme patterns similar to tissues derived from cell suspension protoplasts. The achievement of somatic hybrid plants in the genus Medicago is discussed.
Cytological and Morphological Characterization of Pisum sativum and Pisum fulvum Tetraploids
Authors: Errico A. , Conicella C. , Taliercio U. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo colchicine‐induced tetraploid lines, one belonging to Pisum sativum and the other to the wild species Pisum fulvum, were compared with their corresponding diploids and among themselves for chromosome number, meiotic behaviour and for pollen and pod fertility. For both lines, five generations were analyzed; the tetraploid level was maintained throughout the generations. In P. fulvum, aneuploids with 27, 29 and 30 chromosomes were observed, while in P. sativum aneuploids with 29 chromomes were found. Meiotic analysis evidenced a higher number of quadrivalents and a lower number of univalents in P. fulvum. This particular chromosomal behaviour may also have been responsible for determining the higher pollen and pod fertility in P. fulvum. Wild species of this genus seem to have better tolerance for ploidy variations.
Inheritance of Resistance to Yellow Mosaic Virus in some Vigna Species
Authors: Pal S. S. , Dhaliwal H. S. , Bains S. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInheritance of resistance to Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV) was studied in crosses of mungbean, black‐gram and their interspecific crosses with Vigna sub‐lobata. Resistance to YMV was recessive in the three Vigna species. The segregation ratios in F2 and back crosses indicated that the resistance was digenic recessive in the crosses of mungbean and in interspecific crosses of mungbean with blackgram and Vigna subiobata but YMV resistance was monogenic recessive in blackgram crosses.
Identification of the Putative Cytoplasmic Donor of a CMS System in Brassica juncea
Authors: Pradhan Akshay K. , Mukhopadhyay Arundhati , Pental Deepak 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA restriction profiles of a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of Brassica juncea and its maintainer line were compared and found to be markedly different. Comparison of cpDNA restriction profiles of fifty different species of genus Brassica and some allied genera showed that the cpDNA profiles of CMS lines were similar to that of B. tournefortii for twenty different restriction endonucleases. This CMS system is thus not of spontaneous origin as reported earlier, but is alloplasmic in nature. Comparison of restriction profiles of mtDNA of B. tournefortii and CMS lines revealed some differences which might either be due to changes in DNA pattern during the transfer, or, due to the cytoplasm coming from a B. tournefortii line different from the one used in this study.
Development of B‐Genome Chromosome Addition Lines of B. napus Using Different Interspecific Brassica Hybrids
Authors: Struss D. , Bellin U. , Röbbelen G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBy interspecific hybridization within the genus Brassica, trigenomic haploids were produced and back‐crossed four times with B. napus, variety ‘Andor’. From this material, monosomic B‐genome chromosome addition lines were selected with the extra chromosome derived from three different B‐genome sources, i.e., B. nigra (BB), B. carinata (BBCC), and B. juncea (AABB). After selfing and/or microspore culture, disomic addition lines were obtained. Meiotic behavior was studied of the trigenomic hybrids, the pentaploid BC1 plants, and the monosomic addition lines. The addition lines were shown to possess cytological stability and good fertility.
Intrapopulation Recombination for 15N‐Determined Dinitrogen Fixation Ability in Common Bean
Authors: St.Clair D. A. , Bliss F. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe quantity of N2 fixed in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a quantitatively inherited trait that shows sufficient genetic variability for improvement through breeding, but there is little information on gain from selection for 15N‐determined N2 fixation ability. The objective was to determine whether intrapopulation recombination and selection could be used to improve N2 fixation. Four agronomically acceptable lines were selected, based on their acetylene reduction‐determined N2 fixation ability, from an inbred backcross (IB) line population created from a cross between the high N2‐fixing donor parent ‘Puebla 152’ and a commercial, low N2‐fixing recurrent parent ‘Sanilac’. These four IB lines were intercrossed, advanced to the F3, and the six resulting F3 populations with 25 F3 families per population were evaluated for N2 fixation in a low‐N field using 15N‐depleted (NH4)2SO4. The six F3 population means differed significantly and were superior to ‘Sanilac’ for N2 fixation ability and yield, indicating significant improvement over ‘Sanilac’. Four F3 population means were similar to ‘Puebla 152’, indicating selection advance towards high N2 fixation while retaining favorable agronomic characteristics. Fifty percent of the F3 families were superior to ‘Sanilac’ for N2 fixation and one family exceeded ‘Puebla 152’, indicating that intrapopulation recombination produced improvement of 15N‐determined N2 fixation.
Homeology Between the Chromosomes of Avena macrostachya and the Avena C Genome
Authors: Pohler W. , Hoppe H.‐D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo gain more information about the widely unknown genome constitution of the taxonomically and agronomically interesting wild oat Avena macrostachya, this tetraploid species was crossed (as the pollinator) with several diploid Avena species. Hybridization failed with A. strigosa (As As), A. hirtula (As As), and A. longiglumis (A1 A1), but succeeded with A. atlantica (As As), A. prostrata (Ap Ap), and A. pilosa (Cp Cp). The output of hybrids and the vitality of the F: plants were highest in the combination A. pilosa×A. macrostachya. Hybrids from this cross relatively frequently showed trivalents at metaphase I as compared to the nearly consistent formation of seven univalents and seven bivalents in hybrids with the A genome species A. atlantica and A. prostrata. Altogether, the results confirm an auto‐ploid origin of A. macrostachya and demonstrate that among the two known basic genomes A and C of the genus Avena only the latter exhibits considerable homeology to the A. macrostachya genome.
The Transfer of Resistance to the Russian Wheat Aphid from Triticum monococcum L. to Common Wheat
Authors: Potgieter G. F. , Marais G. F. , Du Toit F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo Triticum monococcum accessions were found to be highly resistant to the Russian wheat aphid. An attempt was made to transfer the resistance to common wheat through direct hybridization or by using bridge species. In each of the four crossing strategies tried, a gradual loss of resistance occurred as hybrids with higher ploidy levels were obtained. It appeared that the level of resistance observed was directly proportional to the ratio of the Triticum monococcum genome relative to other genomes. This would indicate suppression of the resistance gene(s) by the added genomes or dilution of its product(s) by those of homoeoloci. The degree of protection afforded by the gene(s) at the hexaploid level may prove to be small. Plants suspected to be homozygous for the resistance gene(s) were identified; however, further backcrossing to common wheat will be required to improve their agronomic types and meiotic regularities.
The Gene Pools of the Grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.)
Authors: Yunus A. G. , Jackson M. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInterspecific hybridization between the grasspea, Lathyrus sativus, and 15 wild species in Section Lathyrus is reported. Only two species, L. amphicarpos and L. cicera produced viable F1 hybrids with low fertility when crossed with L. sativus as male parent. Crosses with six other species produced pods following pollination when L. sativus was the male, but seedlings were inviable, seeds did not germinate or pods were empty or had totally shrivelled seeds. When L. sativus was the female parent, only one cross with L. gorgoni produced an F1, but the seedling was inviable. The germplasm resources of the grasspea are identified, with L. amphicarpos and L. cicera placed in the secondary gene pool and the other species in the tertiary gene pool. The definition of these germplasm resources is discussed in terms of grasspea improvement through plant breeding.
Outcrossing Rates of Experimental Populations of Cuphea lanceolate
Authors: Knapp S. J. , Tagliani L. A. , Liu B.‐H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOutcrossing rates of Cuphea lanceolata Ait., a new Dilseed crop, have not been estimated; however, this species is known to be insect‐pollinated, self‐compatible, and autosterile. We used five allozyme loci and the mixed mating model to estimate the outcrossing rates of experimental populations of Cuphea lanceolata Ait. grown at Corvallis, Oregon in 1987 and 1988. Populations were grown using densities of one and 27 plants m−2. Multilocus out‐crossing rate estimates of populations grown at low and high density ranged from 0.61 to 0.85 and 0.93 to 0.94, respectively. Density caused differences may be caused by differences in pollinator movement. In open plantings, e.g., space‐plant nurseries, selfing rates are increased by increased within plant pollination by bumblebees, the primary pollinators of C. lanceolata in temperate zones. The movement of pollinators between plants is enforced in dense plantings. We found C. lanceolata is predominantly al‐logamous, but selfing rates as great as 39.0 % were observed among space‐plants; thus, the progeny of an open‐pollinated individual plant grown in this type of nursery is a mixed half‐sib and S1 family. Maximum outcrossing can be achieved by using dense plantings.
Two Medium Chain Fatty Acid Mutants of Cuphea viscosissima
Authors: Knapp S. J. , Tagliani L. A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. is an herbaceous annual dicot indigenous to the U.S. This species is being developed as a new oilseed crop and commercial source of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs). In this paper, the phenotypes and genetics of the mcm‐1 and cpy‐1 mutations of C. viscosissima are described. These mutations affect the percentages of fatty acids of seed storage lipids. They were induced by treating seeds with 0.04 M ethyl methanesulfonate for 5 h. Observed segregation ratios for these mutations were not significantly different from expected ratios for codominant genes. The mcm‐1 mutation eliminates 95.0 % of wildtype MCFAs — caproic (C6: 0), caprylic (C8: 0), and capric (Cio: 0) acid percentages are decreased from 0.8 to 0.0 %, 20.7 to 0.5 %, and 68.6 to 6.7%, respectively. The cpy‐1 mutation decreases C6: 0 and C8: 0 from 0.9 to 0.0 % and 19.8 to 3.9 %, respectively, whereas it increases C12: 0 and C14: 0 from 2.2. to 14.3 % and 0.8 to 7.4 %, respectively.
Production of a Trisomic Series in Hordeum vulgare cv. ‘Golden Promise’ and its Use in Locating a Recessive Chlorina Gene
Authors: Pickering R. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA trisomic series was produced from a triploid plant of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Golden Promise’) derived from tissue culture. Its characteristics are briefly described and compared with two trisomic series reported previously. Trisomic number 1 performed poorly under glasshouse conditions. Number 2 failed to set any seed after selfing and must be maintained by pollinating with ‘Golden Promise’. The series was subsequently used to locate a recessive chlorina gene on barley chromosome 3.
Biomass Yield — A Topical Issue in Modern Wheat Breeding Programmes
Authors: Damisch W. , Wiberg Anneliese 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPlot experiments were made involving seven winter wheat varieties to study growth rate and biomass yield in relation to grain yield and yield stability. The results obtained with ‘Apollo’ show that it is possible to boost grain yield and obtain simultaneously an adequate yield stability by increasing the biomass potential until anthesis and maintaining high growth rates in the grain‐filling period. Higher grain yields were likewise reached by merely increasing the growth rate after anthesis at an equal or lower biomass potential at anthesis, but yield stability was lower then.
Genetic Diversity of the Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Algeria Revealed by Enzyme Markers
Authors: Bennaceur M. , Lanaud C. , Chevallier M. H. , Bounaga N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnalysis of the enzymatic polymorphism of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., was undertaken to evaluate the genetic variability of Algerian cultivars. Seven enzyme systems (alcohol dehydrogenase, diaphorase, aspartate aminotransaminase, acid phosphatase, endopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and phosphoglucomutase) were visualized by electrophoresis. Genetic hypotheses appear to show 7 polymorphic loci and 16 alleles were counted. The study of diversity showed a high percentage of polymorphic loci, strong heterozygosity and considerable genetic diversity. The study shows that genetic variability is greater in the cultivars in the western regions (Saoura‐Touat) than in the eastern regions (Rhir‐Zibans). An identification key was devised and nearly 65% of the cultivars studied were identified from 5 enzyme systems.
Screening by PCR for Defined DNA Sequences in Minimal Amounts of Barley Tissue
Authors: Dehmer K. J. , Graner A. , Wenzel G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe potential use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in screening plants for defined DNA sequences was demonstrated in barley (Hordeum vulgare). As templates for PCR, purified DNA as well as DNA from crude cell extracts of different barley tissues can be used. Specific synthesis of the target sequence was possible in both cases. Under optimal conditions, as little as 20 copies of the barley genome, i.e., 20 cells, were sufficient for successful amplification. This amount of DNA is equivalent to significantly less than 1 mg of fresh tissue.
Development of RFLP Markers for Barley
Authors: Jahoor A. , Backes G. , Graner A. , Herrmann R. G. , Fischbeck G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA PstI‐based genomic library from barley DNA was screened for RFLPs in the three relatively‐distant cultivars ‘Alexis’ (2‐row spring type), ‘Igri’ (2‐row winter type) and ‘Mammut’ (6‐row winter type), digested with BamHI, EcoRI and HindIII. 50 % of the 108 DNA fragments studied represented single‐copy sequences, 29 % low‐copy and 21 % repetitive sequences. The DNA probes were assigned to discrete barley chromosomes with the aid of wheat/barley addition lines. 80 % of the single‐ and low‐copy sequences hybridized with both barley and wheat DNA, whereas most repetitive sequences gave signals only with barley DNA.
Correlation between Potato Clones Grown in vivo and in vitro under Sodium Chloride Stress Conditions
Authors: Morpurgo R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSalinity is one of the most serious and widespread agricultural problems resulting in losses of yield and arable land. One strategy available to cope with saline soil is to choose salt‐tolerant crops or to select salt‐tolerant cultivars within a crop. Difficulties in breeding for salt tolerance arise from its polygenic control and from the variable salt composition and distribution in the soil. An in vitro approach for screening large amounts of parental material is suggested and the present results confirm previous work conducted on in vitro response of the potato to a high level of sodium chloride. Furthermore, a highly significant correlation was found between in vitro growth parameters and field performance of ten potato clones.
Inheritance of Temperature‐Induced Pseudocompatibility in Rye
Authors: Gertz A. , Wricke G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe differences between pseudocompatible seed produced by selfing self‐incompatible plants of rye (Secale cereale L.) at high temperatures were investigated. The isozyme loci Prx7 and β‐Glu which are linked to the two self‐incompatibility loci S and Z, were used as markers. Different alleles of S and Z strongly influenced the pseudocompatibility. For the locus S at 30°C a scale of varying efficiency of the S alleles was found. Furthermore, it proved possible to select one population with increased and one with decreased pseudocompatibility at high temperatures. The population with high pseudofertility was still incompatible under normal temperature conditions. Such selected material facilitates the production of inbred lines of self‐incompatible rye material, which can be a useful tool in an efficient rye breeding programme.
Efficiency of Early Selection for Yield Performance in Wheat
Authors: Peters B. , Spanakakis A. , Weber W. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSelection for yield in early generations is difficult, mainly due to a shortage of seed. In the breeding company Fr. Strube the breeder uses three‐way crosses and first selects for yield between F2′‐derived lines in the F4′. The generations are called F1, F2′, etc., because the first generation is already segregating. The efficiency of this selection was checked in the F5′ and F6′. For this purpose F3′‐derived progenies, corresponding to poor and good yielding bulks in F4′, were selected. In later generations the average yield of the group of strains with good yield in the F4′ was 4 % (F5′) and 3 % (F6′) higher, respectively, than the mean of the strains with low yield in the F4′. Strains with very low yielding potential can easily be discarded in the F4′. The risk of discarding lines with a very high yield is minimal. Selection for yield in the F4′ was as effective as in the F5′. The importance of testing F2′‐derived bulks in the F4′ is not only based on the assessment of yield but also on the possibility of reliable intensive selection through recording visual characters (height, resistance against diseases) in a second environment in parallel to the single plant progenies.
Cytoplasmic Systems in Different Male‐Sterile Lines of Rice
Authors: Pradhan S. B. , Ratho S. N. , Jachuck P. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to characterize the cytoplasmic system in seven cytoplasmic‐genic male‐sterile lines (CMS; A lines) of rice, viz., V 20A, ‘Zhenshan 97A’, IR 46831A, ‘Madhu A’ (cms‐WA), ‘Yar‐Ai‐Zhao A’ (cms‐Gam), ‘Pankhari 203A’ (cms‐TN) and Wu 10A (cms‐bo) and their isonuclear maintainers (B lines), all possible crosses were made between CMS lines and maintainers (A × B) as well as between the maintainers themselves (B × B). Based on F1 pollen and spikelet fertility the CMS lines V 20A, ‘Zhenshan 97A’, IR 46831 A, ‘Madhu’ A possessing cms‐WA cytoplasm were found to be genetically different from ‘Pankhari 203A’ (cms‐TN), Wu 10A (cms‐ bo) and ‘Yar‐Ai‐Zhao A’ (cms‐Gam) cytoplasms. Cms‐bo and cms‐TN cytoplasms appeared to be identical. Since the cytoplasms of the A lines are different from those of the B lines, the nuclear genes operating to cause the sterility might also be different in (A × B) and (B × B) crosses.