bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bright dawn simulation compared with bright morning light in the treatment of winter depression
Authors: Avery D. , Bolte M. A. , Millet M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn a randomized cross‐over design, 7 patients with winter depression were treated with a week of a bright (1700 lx) dawn simulation (0400 to 0600) and a week of standard bright (1700 lx) morning (0600 to 0800) light therapy. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores decreased significantly for the standard light therapy (18.9 to 6.6) but not for the bright dawn therapy (18.0 to 11.3). Early morning awakening was a frequent side effect with the bright dawn simulation. Although dawn simulation at a lower illuminance may be an effective treatment, the bright dawn used in this study showed only a nonsignificant trend to lower depression ratings. The illuminance of dawn simulation should be adjusted to minimize side effects.
Posterior fossa abnormalities in major depression: a controlled magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Shah S. A. , Doraiswamy P. M. , Husain M. M. , Escalona P. R. , Na C. , Figiel G. S. , Patterson L. J. , Ellinwood E. H. , McDonald W. M. , Boyko O. B. , Nemeroff C. B. , Krishnan K. R. R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHigh‐field magnetic resonance (MR) images were used to study posterior fossa morphology in 27 patients with major depression and 36 normal control subjects. Depressed patients demonstrated smaller brain stem and cerebellar vermis than controls. These differences were highly significant for the anterior cerebellar vermis and medulla. There was also a striking age‐related decline in midbrain size in depressed patients as well as in controls. Our results are consistent with several lines of evidence implicating a role for the cerebellar vermis in affective disorders and, in addition, provide the first MR documentation of the differential effects of aging on posterior fossa morphology in normal subjects compared with patients with major depression.
Social science and psychiatric epidemiology. A difficult relationship
Authors: Leighton Alexander H. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThe difficulty in the relationships among the social sciences, psychiatry and epidemiology is important because it inhibits incremental growth of scientific knowledge regarding human behavior. This in turn handicaps coping with social, psychological and cultural perturbations which currently threaten human existence. A major reason for the difficulty in the relationships is the presence of divergent views among the various relevant disciplines with regard to the nature of the scientific process. This article presents an outline of the scientific process modelled on those sciences which focus on living systems. Growth in scientific knowledge is seen to occur as a result of a spiral movement in which articulating conceptual and operational transactions alternate. A problem of our time is that parts of the spiral are often disengaged and conducted independently in a way that makes impossible the incremental synthesis of theory, hypotheses, premisses and data.
Social facts and the sociological imagination: The contributions of sociology to psychiatric epidemiology
Authors: Eaton William W. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding the relationship of psychiatry, epidemiology, and sociology. After a section on definitions, seven empirical contributions by sociologists to the field of psychiatric epidemiology are briefly presented to illustrate the notion of the social fact (contributions by Durkheim, Dunham, Hollingshead, Srole and Langner, Kerckhoff and Back, Dohrenwend, and Brown). Four broad sociological theories are reviewed, as illustrations of the sociological imagination (stratification theory, the idea of Verstehen, symbolic interactionism, and the sociology of knowledge). It is concluded that two major contributions of sociology to psychiatric epidemiology are the concepts and data related to the social fact, and the possibilities offered by the sociological imagination.
Irreversible sinus node dysfunction induced by resumption of lithium theram
Authors: Terao T. , Abe H. , Abe K. 
Published: August 2007

Terao T, Abe H, Abe K. Irreversible sinus node dysfunction induced by resumption of lithium therapy.Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996: 93: 407–408. © Munksgaard 1996.We present the case of a 56‐year‐old woman with syncope and sinus node dysfunction after long‐term lithium therapy. Following lithium discontinuation, sinus node function recovered completely. After resuming low doses of lithium, however, severe sinus node dysfunction recurred. Thereafter, sinus node function did not recover after lithium was discontinued, and a permanent pacemaker was implanted. These findings suggest that irreversible sinus node dysfunction should be recognized as a potentially fatal, albeit rare, risk of lithium therapy, and that previous recovery from sinus node dysfunction after long‐term lithium treatment cannot always guarantee the reversible nature of this abnormality after resumption of lithium therapy.
Periodontal therapy alters gene expression of peripheral blood monocytes
Authors: Papapanou Panos N. , Sedaghatfar Michael H. , Demmer Ryan T. , Wolf Dana L. , Yang Jun , Roth Georg A. , Celenti Romanita , Belusko Paul B. , Lalla Evanthia , Pavlidis Paul 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAims: We investigated the effects of periodontal therapy on gene expression of peripheral blood monocytes.Methods: Fifteen patients with periodontitis gave blood samples at four time points: 1 week before periodontal treatment (#1), at treatment initiation (baseline, #2), 6‐week (#3) and 10‐week post‐baseline (#4). At baseline and 10 weeks, periodontal status was recorded and subgingival plaque samples were obtained. Periodontal therapy (periodontal surgery and extractions without adjunctive antibiotics) was completed within 6 weeks. At each time point, serum concentrations of 19 biomarkers were determined. Peripheral blood monocytes were purified, RNA was extracted, reverse‐transcribed, labelled and hybridized with AffymetrixU133Plus2.0 chips. Expression profiles were analysed using linear random‐effects models. Further analysis of gene ontology terms summarized the expression patterns into biologically relevant categories. Differential expression of selected genes was confirmed by real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction in a subset of patients.Results: Treatment resulted in a substantial improvement in clinical periodontal status and reduction in the levels of several periodontal pathogens. Expression profiling over time revealed more than 11,000 probe sets differentially expressed at a false discovery rate of <0.05. Approximately 1/3 of the patients showed substantial changes in expression in genes relevant to innate immunity, apoptosis and cell signalling.Conclusions: The data suggest that periodontal therapy may alter monocytic gene expression in a manner consistent with a systemic anti‐inflammatory effect.
Intra‐ and extra‐oral halitosis: finding of a new form of extra‐oral blood‐borne halitosis caused by dimethyl sulphide
Authors: Tangerman Albert , Winkel Edwin G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to unravel the origen and cause of intra‐oral and extra‐oral halitosis.Material and Methods: We studied 58 patients complaining of halitosis, using gas chromatography of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in mouth and nose breath, organoleptic scoring of mouth and nose breath, Halimeter® readings of mouth air and tongue‐coating inspection. Subjects had no precence or history of periodontitis.Result: Of 58 patients, 47 patients had halitosis of oral origin, six had halitosis of extra‐oral origin and five had no halitosis (halitophobia). A strong correlation was found between the degree of intra‐oral halitosis as measured by organoleptic scoring of mouth breath and the concentration of the VSCs hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) in mouth breath. Taking into account the much larger odour index of CH3SH, it was concluded that CH3SH is the main contributor to intra‐oral halitosis. In all six cases of extra‐oral halitosis, halitosis was caused by the presence of elevated levels of dimethyl sulphide (CH3SCH3) in mouth and nose breath.Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that the VSC, CH3SH and to a lesser extent H2S are the main contributors to intra‐oral halitosis and that CH3SCH3 is the main contributor to extra‐oral or blood‐borne halitosis, due to a hitherto unknown metabolic disorder.
A case series and immunophenotypic analysis of CK20−/CK7+ primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin
Authors: Calder Kenneth B. , Coplowitz Shana , Schlauder Scott , Morgan Michael B. 
Published: August 2007

Background:  The diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) can be rather challenging; therefore, the immunohistochemical profile is important in confirming the microscopic diagnosis. Characteristic of the neuroendocrine and epithelial differentiation of MCC, antibodies to cytokeratin (CK) 20, CK7, epithelial membrane antigen, and neuron‐specific enolase among others, are used in confirming the diagnosis. As reported in the literature, the majority of MCC express CK20 and are CK7 negative. Herein, we present a case series of seven patients with CK20−/CK7+ primary cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma.Methods:  All cases of MCC with specific CK20−/CK7+ staining on file at a large Veterans’ hospital and tertiary referral dermatopathology service were reviewed. All seven cases were analyzed for clinical, pathologic and immunophenotypic attributes. All specimens were submitted for immunohistochemical staining and interpreted by a single dermatopathologist.Results:  All the cases showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining for CK7 and positive staining for synaptophysin. CK20 and thyroid transcription factor‐1 staining was negative.Conclusions:  Herein we have presented a hitherto unreported group of patients with CK20−/CK7+ primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. The purpose of this case series is to describe a new immunophenotypic variant of MCC, while further expanding the differential diagnosis of tumors included in the subset of neoplasms showing CK20−/CK7+ staining.
Rhetoric and Rhapsody A response to David Bentley Hart's The Beauty of the Infinite
Authors: Loughlin Gerard 
Published: August 2007

AbstractI offer a brief outline of The Beauty of the Infinite, pointing up its similarities with and differences from John Milbank's Theology and Social Theory (1990), and the violence of its rhetoric. I then take issue with Hart's reading of Nicholas Lash on the death and resurrection of Christ. I argue that not only is Lash closer to Hart than Hart allows, but that Lash recognizes the necessarily unfinished nature of Christian story telling. Hart is led by his rhetoric of out‐narration to affirm an unsustainable completeness that elides the terrors of suffering and death, the very fault for which Hart chides Lash. Having noted Hart's misdirection I conclude with an appreciation of his aesthetics.
Genetic susceptibility to SLE is associated with TNF‐alpha gene polymorphism –863, but not –308 and –238, in Thai population
Authors: Hirankarn N. , Avihingsanon Y. , Wongpiyabovorn J. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe production of cytokine varies among individuals and correlates with the polymorphism of cytokine genes. Three functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at position –863, –308, and –238 in the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) gene promoter were analysed for association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 154), and clinical manifestations in a Thai population were compared with 154 ethnically matched controls. The genotyping was determined by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The association between these SNPs and SLE was analysed using chi‐squared test. The –863A allele and –863A, –308G, –238G haplotype were found to be significantly increased in SLE patients (25%) compared with healthy controls (15.3%) (Pc = 0.009, OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.21–2.83). In addition –863A allele was found to be significantly increased in the SLE group with Raynaud's phenomenon compared to SLE without Raynaud's phenomenon (35% vs. 19.4%) (Pc = 0.048, OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.21–4.10). The –863A allele of TNF‐α gene and the extended haplotype of –863A, –308G, –238G can be used as a genetic marker for SLE susceptibility in Thai populations. In addition, the –863A genotype could produce high TNF levels and potentially induce the occurrence of Raynaud's phenomenon.
Sex‐specific association of the human PTPN22 1858T‐allele with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nielsen C. , Hansen D. , Husby S. , Lillevang S. T. 
Published: August 2007

SummaryType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a common organ‐specific autoimmune disease of complex aetiology, involving the interaction of a large number of disease‐associated genes. By comparison of a Danish population sample of 253 Caucasian children and adolescents with T1D and a control group consisted of 354 unrelated healthy blood donors, the present study provides evidence of an isolated association of the disease‐associated PTPN22 1858T‐allele with T1D to the female sex. Furthermore, the present data suggest that PTPN22 genotypes affect the age of onset in a sex‐specific manner. The increased frequency of the risk allele and its association with age at onset in female T1D children and adolescents indicates that the genetic contribution to disease pathogenesis is more prominent in females in this population of Danish patients.
A closer look at using quasar near-zones as a probe of neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium
Authors: Bolton James S. , Haehnelt Martin G. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
We examine a large set of synthetic quasar spectra to realistically assess the potential of using the relative sizes of highly ionized near-zones in the Lyα and Lyβ forest as a probe of the neutral hydrogen content of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z &gt; 6. The scatter in the relative near-zone size distribution, induced by underlying fluctuations in the baryonic density field and the filtering of ionizing radiation, is considerable even for fixed assumptions about the IGM neutral fraction. As a consequence, the current observational data cannot distinguish between an IGM which is significantly neutral or one which is highly ionized just above z= 6. Under standard assumptions for quasar ages and ionizing luminosities, a future sample of several tens of high-resolution Lyα and Lyβ near-zone spectra should be capable of distinguishing between a volume-weighted neutral hydrogen fraction in the IGM which is greater or less than 10 per cent.
Tactile stimulation associated with nursing care to individuals with dementia showing aggressive or restless tendencies: an intervention study in dementia care
Authors: Skovdahl Kirsti , Sörlie Venke , Kihlgren Mona 
Published: August 2007

Aim.  This study aimed to describe from documentation both the caregivers’ experiences of giving tactile stimulation to five people with moderate‐to‐severe dementia and who showed aggressive or restless tendencies, and the changes seen in them.Background.  Clinical experiences indicate that tactile stimulation can contribute to a feeling of trust and confirmation as well as to improving communication, promoting relaxation and easing pain. There is, however, very little scientific documentation of the effects of touch massage for people with dementia.Design.  From caregivers’ documentation (28 weeks) of experiences, the giving of tactile stimulation to five randomly selected people with dementia showing aggressive or restless tendencies and the subsequent changes noticed.Method.  The documentation was analysed by using qualitative content analysis.Results.  All residents displayed signs of positive feelings and relaxation. The caregivers stated that they felt able to interact with the residents in a more positive way and that they felt they had a warmer relationship with them.Conclusion.  Tactile stimulation can be seen as a valuable way to communicating non‐verbally, of giving feedback, confirmation, consolation or a feeling of being valuable and taken care of.Relevance to clinical practice.  Tactile stimulation has to be administered with respect and care, and given from a relational ethics perspective. Otherwise, there is a risk that tactile stimulation will be used merely as a technique instead of as a part of an effort to achieve optimal good, warm nursing care.
Coming and staying: a qualitative exploration of Registered Nurses’ experiences working in nursing homes
Authors: Prentice Dawn , Black Margaret 
Published: August 2007

Aim. This paper reports on a qualitative study that explored the reasons why Registered Nurses (RNs) chose to work in nursing homes in Southern Ontario, Canada and what factors attracted them to remain.Background.  There is a paucity of information about factors associated with the recruitment and retention of RNs within long‐term care (LTC) in Canada. As the population of older people is growing in Canada and elsewhere, it is essential that we better understand what attracts RNs to work and remain in this setting.Design and method. A case study approach was used in this study of nine RNs working in three nursing homes. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews.Findings. Six sub‐themes were identified: ‘Job of Choice’, ‘Job of Convenience’, ‘Caring for the Residents’, ‘A Supportive Environment’, ‘Heavy Workload’ and ‘Supervisory Role of the RN’.Conclusion. Nurses chose to work in the nursing home because it was a ‘Job of Convenience’. However, characteristics of the organizational environment played a major role in their remaining. Also, the caring relationship with residents played a role in the nurses remaining in this setting.Relevance to clinical practice. Strategies are provided that nurse managers may consider when planning recruitment and retention activities for LTC settings.
Conservation status of Chinese species: (2) Invertebrates
Authors: XIE Yan , WANG Sung 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA total of 2441 invertebrate species were evaluated using the IUCN Red List Criteria and Regional Guidelines. Approximately 30 experts were involved in this project, which covered a wide range of species, including jellyfish, corals, planarians, snails, mollusks, bivalves, decapods, benthic crustaceans, arachnids (spiders, scorpions), butterflies, moths, beetles, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sea stars, acorn worms and lancelets. In general, invertebrate species in China were found to be severely threatened, with 0.9% being critically endangered, 13.44% endangered and 20.63% vulnerable. All species of hermatypic corals and planarians are threatened. More than 80% of evaluated species face serious threat due to habitat destruction by coral collection, logging, non‐woody vegetation collection, timber plantations, non‐timber plantations, extraction and/or livestock. Other threats are intrinsic factors, harvesting by humans, alien invasive species and pollution. The main intrinsic factors contributing to the high levels of threat are limited dispersal and restricted range. No conservation measures have been taken for 70% of the threatened invertebrates evaluated. Existing conservation measures include: strengthening of national and international legislation (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), increasing public awareness, studying population trends/monitoring, and establishment of protected areas. The major conservation measure employed is strengthening of policies. Relative to the situation worldwide (2006 IUCN Red List), there is little information available about invertebrate extinctions in China.
A zoological perspective on payments for ecosystem services
Authors: McNEELY Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe concept of payments for ecosystem services is being developed as an important means of providing a more diverse flow of benefits to people living in and around habitats valuable for conservation. The Kyoto Protocol, under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, includes a Clean Development Mechanism to provide for payments for certain forms of carbon sequestration that may benefit animal species (at least as an incidental benefit). Other market‐based approaches for paying for carbon sequestration services outside the Kyoto framework are being promoted in various parts of the world. Another common form of payment for ecosystem services is compensating upstream landowners for managing their land in ways that maintain downstream water quality; this can include habitat management that benefits wild animal species. While biodiversity itself is difficult to value, it can be linked to other markets, such as certification in the case of sustainably‐produced forest products. This paper expands on some of the markets for ecosystem services that also benefit wildlife, identifies relevant sources of information, and highlights some of the initiatives linking such markets to poverty alleviation. Making markets work for ecosystem services requires an appropriate policy framework, government support, operational institutional support, and innovation at scales from the site level to the national level. Zoologists have much to contribute to all of these steps.
Who killed Porthos? Genetic tracking of a gorilla death
Authors: JEFFERY Kathryn J. , ABERNETHY Kate A. , TUTIN Caroline E. G. , ANTHONY Nicola A. , BRUFORD Michael W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe describe a novel application of “forensic” genetics to study a key demographic event in a population of wild gorillas. We used microsatellite genotyping and non‐invasively collected DNA samples to identify one individual western lowland gorilla as being most likely to have caused the death of another in Lopé National Park, Gabon. Data from relatively few genotypes permitted the identification of female transfer events and the interpretation of individual behavior that was previously impossible using observational methods, thus providing rare behavioral data on an elusive forest‐dwelling species. Importantly, this study highlights the need for future studies of dispersal and local population structuring in forest populations, and more accurate population census methods. Genetic studies focusing on individual identification may play a valuable role in future gorilla conservation efforts.
Performance measures for evaluating services for people with a first episode of psychosis
Authors: Addington Donald E. , McKenzie Emily , Addington Jean , Patten Scott , Smith Harvey , Adair Carol 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this project was to operationalize and apply a previously identified set of performance measures designed to evaluate services for those experiencing a first episode of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder.Methods:  Operational definitions were developed for previously identified measures through an iterative process of discussions between clinical experts and health‐care evaluators. Data were collected from existing sources including corporate databases, clinical databases and chart review.Results:  Definitions were developed for 44 measures covering seven of eight domains recommended for service level evaluation by the Canadian Institute for Health Information domains. Forty measures could be calculated.Conclusions:  The measures represent a comprehensive set of performance measures suitable for the evaluation of services for people with a first‐episode psychosis. The measures could be used by other services in order to establish standards and norms for routine clinical practice.