bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression by several synthetic polypeptides of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced in guinea pigs and rabbits with bovine and human basic encephalitogen
Authors: Teitelbaum Dvora , Webb Cynthia , Meshorer A. , Arnon Ruth , Sela M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe basic copolymer of alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and tyrosine, denoted Cop 1, is an efficient suppressor of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced with the bovine basic encephalitogen in guinea pigs and rabbits. The suppression was very effective also when the experimental disease was induced with the basic protein from human source. Two related polymers, one in which glutamic acid was replaced with aspartic acid, and one devoid of tyrosine, were less effective in the suppression of the experimentally induced disease.The route of administration of Cop 1 plays an important role in its suppressive effectiveness, with intravenous injections being the most efficient. The injection schedule and dose of injection are also of great importance; thus, repeated doses of Cop 1 starting five days after the administration of the basic protein are suppressive, whereas a single dose of 5 mg given 72 h after challenging with the basic protein does not suppress EAE. Cop 1 is not a nonspecific immunosuppressant, as it does not affect the immune response towards a variety of antigens, including the rejection of a skin graft.When EAE was induced with the human encephalitogen, the histological changes observed included demyelination and fibrosis in the guinea pig brain.
Antigenic determinants on bovine encephalitogenic protein. Localization of regions that induce transformation of lymph node cells from immunized rabbits
Authors: Bergstrand H. , Källén B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the aid of a lymph node cell transformation test and several fragments of the bovine encephalitogenic protein, attempts have been made to examine more closely various parts of the protein that stimulate DNA‐synthesis of lymph node cells from immunized rabbits. Evidence was obtained for the presence of at least two strongly stimulating regions within residues 44–170: one resides in peptide 44–89 and the other in peptide 93–170. When parts of these regions and other oligopeptide derivatives of region 44–170 were tested, only a slight or no stimulating effect was observed, and a closer localization of all reactive sites – corresponding to that made in guinea pigs with the macrophage migration inhibition technique – could not be made unequivocally. However, peptides 44–68 and 154–170 were shown to have transformation‐inducing effects.Further evidence for the nonreactivity of the tryptophan region was obtained in accordance with previous findings. For at least one region of the encephalitogenic protein – the tryptophan region – there is thus no correlation between disease‐inducing activity and ability to stimulate lymph node cells from immunized rabbits to transform in vitro.
The influence of the net charge of antigen on the distribution of bovine IgG class antibodies
Authors: Mossmann H. , Bartsch K. , Rüde E. , Kickhöfen B. , Hammer D. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has previously been shown that bovine immunoglobulins of the more positively charged IgG2 class are confined exclusively to the serum and are incapable of being transferred to the colostrum by the dry mammary gland. Since recent studies have demonstrated that antigens with a negative net charge preferentially provoke the synthesis of more positively charged antibodies, it could be expected that antibodies against such antigens would not be transferred to the colostrum. In the present study, however, acidic antigens (p‐azobenzenearsonate edestin and its maleylated derivative) failed to stimulate predominantly the synthesis of precipitating, binding and phage neutralizing antibodies of the positively charged IgG2 class. As expected, immunization of cattle with lysozyme, (a basic antigen), resulted in the production of antibodies almost exclusively confined to the more negatively charged IgGs fraction. In analyzing the precipitin reaction of IgGs class antibodies, it could be shown that maximum precipitation was achieved at pH 5.0 and decreased significantly at higher pH values.
Induction of tolerance to dinitrophenylated bovine IgG in pigs
Authors: Franěk F. , Šimek L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntraveneous administration of soluble 2,4‐dinitrophenyl(DNP)‐conjugated bovine IgG to pigs led to induction of tolerance to this antigen. A single dose of 100 mg soluble conjugate per animal resulted in complete tolerance which lasted at least 80 days. Lower doses led to partial tolerance. Induction of tolerance in pigs was shown to be a process taking several days to complete. Animals exhibiting tolerance when challenged by the homologous conjugate still synthesized significant amounts of antibody when challenged by the carrier protein or by a conjugate of the 2,4‐dinitrophenyl group with a different carrier.
Strain differences in the fine specificity of mouse antihapten antibodies
Authors: Imanishi Thereza , Mäukelä O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice of six strains were immunized with (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) groups coupled to chicken globulin. The fine specificities of these antibodies were characterized by estimating relative affinities for related compounds, (4‐hydroxy‐3, 5‐dinitro‐phenyl)acetyl (NNP), (5‐bromo‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NBrP) and (4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP) groups. These measurements were carried out on both serum and single plaque‐forming cell antibodies. At least three patterns of fine specificity could be recognized among these strains.C57BL/6 produced 7 S (IgG) anti‐NP that consistently had 3–10 times higher affinity for NIP than for NP, and higher affinity for NNP and NBrP than for NP (heteroclitic). By doing affinity measurements on serum and plaque‐forming cell antibodies, we could demonstrate that the majority of the 7 S (IgG) anti‐NP produced by C57BL/6 mice was heteroclitic at both early and later stages of immunization. Moreover, the antibody from this strain exhibited only a slight change in affinity during the immune response, while the other strains underwent clearcut maturation (progressively increased affinity for NP and increased discrimination between NP and the related compound).Nine F1 hybrid mice between C57BL/6 and CBA produced anti‐NP antibody that was very similar to C57BL/6 anti‐NP.
Antigenic differences between spleen‐seeking and lymph node‐seeking thymus cells
Authors: Schlesinger M. , Shlomai‐Korzash Zipora , Israèl Evelyne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThymus cells of mice of the C3H and A strains were labeled with 41Cr and exposed in vitro to either normal mouse serum or to various antisera and the cells injected intravenously into syngeneic recipients. Exposure of thymus cells to various sera was found to have different effects on the cell subpopulations migrating to either the lymph nodes or the spleen. Anti‐H‐2 serum had a marked inhibitory effect on the migration of thymus cells to lymph nodes, and a much weaker effect on their migration to the spleen. Anti‐TH serum had a slightly stronger inhibitory effect on spleen‐seeking, as compared to lymph node‐seeking thymus cells. Anti‐Ly serum had a strong inhibitory effect on both migration streams. Anti‐TL serum had a stronger inhibitory effect on spleen‐seeking thymus cells than on lymph node‐seeking cells, a difference which became even more pronounced in cells exposed to Anti‐TL serum and complement. Normal guinea pig serum had a marked inhibitory effect on thymus cells migrating to the spleen, but hardly affected the lymph node‐seeking thymus cells.These results indicate that the thymus contains two major subpopulations of cells of differing antigenicity, which migrate to either the spleen or the lymph nodes. It is suggested that the different properties of T cells found in the spleen and in the lymph nodes result from the migration of different subpopulations of thymus cells to these organs.
Immunoglobulins in the intestinal content of the human fetus with special reference to IgA
Authors: Petit J. C. , Galinha Annie , Salomon J. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe gut walls and gut contents of 27 fetuses were analyzed for the presence of immunoglobulins. Secretory IgA was detected in 16 samples, IgM in 22 samples, IgG in 25 samples, while all three classes were detected in 16 samples. No IgA was found in the meconia of neonates; this suggests a transient synthesis during fetal life. The assumption is made that the fetal environment is antigen‐free and the possibility that early immunoglobulin production may be independent of antigenic stimulation is discussed.
Immune responses in vitro. iii. enhancement of the mouse mixed lymphocyte interaction by isologous and homologous sera
Authors: Peck A. B. , Click R. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes the enhancement of the mouse mixed lymphocyte interaction which results from supplementing a protein‐free medium with either isologous or homologous sera. The degree of stimulation is affected by several variables which include serum preparation and concentration, the genetic relationship of the responder and stimulator cells to the source of sera, and the composition of the medium.
Immunoglobulins on the surface of sheep lymphocytes. ii. class, size and fate during incubation of lymphocytes at 37 °c
Authors: Ey P. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSheep lymphocytes possessing surface Ig were labeled with 125I‐labeled anti‐Ig antibodies. The radioactive complexes thus formed were dissolved from the cell membrane by treatment with the detergent Nonidet‐P40 and their molecular sizes estimated by sedimentation centrifugation. IgG and IgM (20–40 % as 19 S IgM) were shown to be present on the cell surface.Cells labeled with anti‐Ig antibodies and incubated at 37 °C lost 30–40 % of their radioactivity within 30–45 min, after which time the rate of loss decreased. By 3–4 h, approximately 50 % had been released and loss had almost stopped. Label associated with surface‐bound anti‐sheep lymphocyte globulin was also lost rapidly (20–30 % in 30 min), but unlike anti‐Ig antibodies, no further loss occurred. Anti‐Ig complexes retained by labeled cells during incubation at 37 °C were steadily degraded to a 3–4 S component. Sodium azide (0.015 M) significantly reduced the rate at which this degradation occurred (e.g. inhibition relative to degradation in the absence of azide was 94 % after 2 h and 67 % after 4 h incubation, respectively).When unlabeled lymphocytes were incubated at 37 °C for up to 20 h and then reacted with labeled anti‐Ig, the following was observed. The proportions of lymphocytes able to bind anti‐γ or anti‐μ‐chain antibody (as judged by autoradiography) decreased from 17 % to 3 % and 28 % to 18 %, respectively, during 20 h incubation. From measurements of Ig released during incubation, it was concluded that most of the IgG initially on cells binding anti‐γ‐chain antibody was probably cytophilic. IgM initially on the surface of cells binding anti‐μ‐chain antibody seemed to be released and replaced by the cells, although a small proportion may have been cytophilic.
Involvement of more than a single polypeptide chain in the helical antigenic determinants of collagen
Authors: Hahn E. , Timpl R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRat antibodies to native triple helical calf collagen were used to study the structural requirements of helical antigenic determinants revealed in this particular model. Renaturation of random‐coiled chains of collagen in the original proportion of two α1‐chains and one α2‐chain to triple‐helical structures is accompanied by complete recovery of antigenic activity. Although physically similar to native collagen, triple‐helical structures prepared from individual chains alone were inactive or exhibited a strongly reduced activity. These results were interpreted as to the involvement of parts of the α1 and α2‐chains in several dinstinct helical antigenic determinants of collagen.Further studies with collagenase‐derived, triple helical fragments of variable length revealed successive loss of antigenic activity upon reduction in size. However, the smallest fragment, having a length of 78 nm, still contained some of the original antigenic determinants. The antibodies to helical antigenic determinants also showed rather limited interspecies cross‐reactions as opposed to the very strong cross‐reactions found previously between antigenic determinations of sequential nature in random‐coiled α‐chains. Helix formation of two different types of α‐chains essentially masks these cross‐reacting structures.
Isolation and characterization of a molecular complex containing thy‐1 antigen from the surface of murine thymocytes and t cells
Authors: Vitetta Ellen S. , Boyse E. A. , Uhr J. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA complex containing the Thy‐1 (θ) antigen has been isolated from the surface of murine thymocytes and T cells by cell surface radioiodination, lysis by freezing and thawing, and immunoprecipitation. The specificity of the immunoprecipitation was firmly established using both congenic and noncongenic anti‐Thy‐1 sera and thymocytes from congenic and noncongenic mice.Unlike cell surface Ig and the TL and H‐2 alloantigens, the antigenicity of Thy‐1 was abolished by treatment with nonionic detergent. Thy‐1 was localized exclusively in a complex of cell surface molecules which has a density lower than that of protein. Moreover, Thy‐1 could be readily labeled by incubating thymocytes with [3H]galactose, but not 3H‐labeled amino acids. These observations suggest that the antigenicity of Thy‐1 may reside in a glycolipid.
Assignment of a tyrosyl residue from the site of a rabbit anti‐p‐azophenyl‐trimethylammonium antibody to position 102 of the heavy chain
Authors: Takeda Y. , Friedenson B. , Roholt O. A. , Pressman D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe isolation of two chymotryptic peptides, each containing a tyrosyl residue considered to be derived from the hapten‐binding site of a rabbit anti‐p‐azophenyltrimethylammonium antibody preparation, was achieved by the paired‐iodination procedure. One peptide, from a heavy chain, corresponded to the sequence ‐Cys‐Ala‐Arg‐Asp‐Pro‐Tyr‐ which, on the basis of comparison with other sequences, represents positions 97–102 of the heavy chain. The other peptide, from a light chain, corresponded to the sequence ‐Ser‐Ser‐Glu‐Tyr and apparently represents a hypervariable region of the light chain.
Study of the thymic‐derived or ‐independent nature of mouse spleen cells induced to proliferate in culture by various mitogens and antigens
Authors: Piguet P.‐F. , Vassalli P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe nature of mouse lymphoid cells induced to proliferate in vitro by a number of stimulating agents has been explored by 1) karyotypic analysis of the mitoses observed in stimulated spleen cell cultures (arrested on sequential days) of chimaeras bearing chromosomally marked T cells; 2) comparison between the response in DNA synthesis of total spleen cells and of spleen cells depleted of thymus‐dependent lymphocytes by treatment with anti‐MSLA (anti‐mouse‐specific lymphocyte antigen) + C, and 3) study of the response of cortisone‐resistant thymocytes (CRT) to some of these agents. Pokeweed mitogen stimulated both B and T cells equally and simultaneously. Rabbit anti‐mouse Ig induced moderate proliferation of B cells exclusively. The response to lipopolysaccharide was entirely B cell‐dependent, but evidence was found of some T cell proliferation following or accompanying the stimulation of B cells. A similar observation was made in the case of “primary” or “secondary” in vitro response to bacteriophage T4. Good stimulation with sheep red blood cell stromas or mitogen‐treated xenogenic spleen cells were observed only in cultures from primed animals, and consisted of a mixed B and T cell proliferation with a majority of B mitoses, even at the earlier stages of the response. That this “secondary” response was not totally T cell‐dependent was suggested by the observation of a stimulatory effect of these antigens on T‐depleted spleen cell cultures which were found in parallel experiments to be totally unresponsive to PHA. Finally, using chimeric mice treated in vivo with vinblastine prior to establishment of the spleen cell cultures, evidence was obtained that part of the B cells stimulated to divide in vitro by several of these mitogens belong to a rapidly dividing cell population in vivo.
Specific cytostatic effect of lymph node cells from normal and T cell‐deficient mice on syngeneic tumor target cells in vitro and its specific abrogation by body fluids from syngeneic tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Chia Eunice , Festenstein H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphoid cells from tumor‐bearing animals were shown to be cytostatic for syngeneic tumor target cells in vitro using a post labeling radioactive assay. The specific decrease or removal of this cytostatic activity was possible using a “blocking” serum or ascitic fluid from syngeneic tumor‐bearing animals. Further lymphoid cells from chronically irradiated, thymectomized mice, which were shown to be extensively deprived of T cells by reduced PHA responsiveness and anti‐θ cytotoxicity tests, were also found to cause cytostasis of target tumor cells and to a greater extent than with nondeprived lymphoid cells.
Normal development of the thymus‐dependent limb of humoral immune responses in mice
Authors: Arrenbrecht S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe capacity of mice to produce antibody‐forming cells (AFC) to sheep erythrocytes and to low doses of two haptenated proteins increases logarithmically with age in the postnatal period. This increase is prevented by thymectomy. These findings, together with those on the ability of suckling mice to make high numbers of AFC to high doses of at least one of the antigens used, indicate that T cells are the limiting cell type in neonatal humoral immune responses. An analysis of variance of the number of AFC in individual spleens as a measure for T cells showed that the data are in agreement with random generation and subsequent proliferation of these cells during ontogenesis. Different antigen reactivities carried by these cells seem to arise at different times during fetal life.
Development of host plasma cells during graft‐versus‐host reactions in mice
Authors: Lindholm L. , Rydberg L. , Strannegård Ö. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGraft‐versus‐host (GVH) reactions induced by thymus or spleen cells in newborn mice were found to trigger the development of plasma cells in the medullary areas of lymph nodes. No germinal centers were found. The plasma cells were found from the fourth day of the GVH reactions and increased in numbers over the next few days. On the 14th day the plasma cells were still present, although in lower numbers.Results of immunodiffusion experiments indicated that during GVH reactions induced by spleen cells, donor as well as host plasma cells develop. In contrast, induction of GVH reactions by thymus cells leads to the development of plasma cells, which probably originate exclusively from the host.Positive Coombs' reactions were detected 15–20 days after induction of GVH reactions and host immunoglobulins were found to contribute to the Coombs' positivity.The GVH reactions stimulated the formation of antibodies to sheep erythrocytes. This effect was more marked on 7 S than on 19 S antibody production.
Density gradient separation of chicken thymus cells
Authors: Tamminen Pekka , Toivanen Auli , Toivanen P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChicken thymus cells were separated into six fractions by a discontinuous albumin gradient centrifugation. When 10 or 16‐week old cell donors were used, thymus cells responding with antibody formation to Brucella abortus were clearly separated from those active in graft‐vs.‐host assays. The former were found in low and the latter in high density fractions. The results suggest that B and T cells in chicken thymus may be preferentially concentrated into separate fractions according to density.
in vitro induction of specific immune responses in the absence of serum: requirement for nonspecific t or b cell mitogens
Authors: Coutinho A. , Möller G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLC) between histoincompatible mouse lymphocytes could be induced in the absence of serum in vitro. There was a steady increase of DNA synthesis for 7 days in the absence of serum, whereas peak activity occurred on day 4 in the presence of serum. Analogous results were obtained when the secondary responses to SRC were determined by stimulation of DNA synthesis.It was not possible to induce a primary humoral antibody response to SRC in the absence of serum. However, if the serum‐free cultures were supplemented with optimal concentrations of T (concanavalin A) or B (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) cell mitogens, a primary specific antibody response to sheep red cells (SRC) could be induced and increased in magnitude for 4 days in culture. Also, a MLC reaction permitted the induction of primary antibody responses to SRC. In the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS), optimal concentrations of T cell mitogens, as well as a MLC reaction, suppressed the induction of a primary antibody response to SRC, whereas suboptimal doses of the mitogen stimulated it.It was possible to induce specific secondary IgM and IgG antibody responses to SRC in the absence of serum.In contrast to the findings with SRC, a primary – as well as secondary – antibody response could be induced to LPS, which is a relatively thymus‐independent antigen.Taken together the results suggest that:a) FCS is necessary for the induction of primary antibody responses, because it contains B and possibly T cell mitogens.b) Primary antibody responses to SRC can be induced in the absence of FCS if nonspecific B cell activation is provided by the addition of either B cell mitogens or B cell activating factors, obtained by activating T cells by specific mitogens or by a MLC reaction.c) Secondary responses to T cell‐dependent antigens are possible in the absence of FCS because of the large number of specifically activated T cells present in the culture system.d) Primary antibody responses to LPS are possible in the absence of FCS because LPS by itself is a B cell mitogen.
Studies of human alloantigens on man‐mouse hybrids: possible syntheny between hl‐a and p systems
Authors: Fellous M. , Couillin P. , Neauport‐Sautes C. , Frezal J. , Billardon C. , Dausset J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of HL‐A, P and H (ABO) systems has been studied on man‐mouse hybrid clones and their subclones. Using the microcomplement fixation technique, we detected antigens of the HL‐A, P and H systems in some clones corresponding to the phenotype of the human cell donor. Absorption tests were used to provide the specificity of the alloantisera. We also found a positive correlation between the presence of HL‐A and P1/P antigens in these clones, but no correlation was found between HL‐A and Pk specificities and between HL‐A and H specificities. It was thought that the positive correlation might be due to a syntheny between HL‐A and P loci or to the presence of HL‐A and P specificities on a unique molecule. Therefore, preliminary experiments were made using antibody‐induced redistribution phenomena (capping) to study the relationships between P and HL‐A antigens at the cell surface. They indicated that the two molecules are independent of one another.