bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetics of New Crop Genus Limnanthes I. Five Morphological Marker Loci in L. alba × L. gracilis Progenies
Authors: Dole J. A. , Jain S. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNew crop development often depends on a few essential traits such as nonshattering of seed at maturity and pollination control. In order to domesticate Limnanthes alba (meadowfoam), as a source of industrial oil, we performed genetic analysis of crosses between L. alba and its closest relative Limnanthes gracilis var. gracilis which shows higher selfing ability and nutlet abscission. Differences in pubescence, nutlet abscission, and seedling pigmentation were each found to be governed primarily by a single locus; two interacting loci appeared to control capsule dehiscence. Segregation distortion was detected for pigmentation in F2 and F3 populations, and for pubescence in several F3 families. Loci controlling pubescence, nutlet abscission, and capsule dehiscence resided in a single linkage block which assorted independently of the locus controlling pigmentation.
The Effect of Sugars and Growth Regulators on Embryoid Formation and Plant Regeneration from Barley Anther Culture
Authors: Cai Q. , Szarejko I. , Polok K. , Maluszvnski M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe influence of carbon source and growth regulator composition in induction medium on anther culture response was investigated using spring barley genotypes. Anthers were cultured on BAC3, Ficoll‐containing medium, supplemented with one of the following carbohydrates: sucrose, maltose, cellobiosc and melibiose (6 % w/v). The use of either maltose or cellobiose resulted in a significantly higher anther response, calli and/or embryoid production and green plant regeneration compared to the incubation of anthers on a medium containing sucrose. Contrary to these results, the replacement of sucrose by melibiose in BAO medium, drastically reduced the efficiency of anther culture. As an average for the three genotypes tested, the frequency of green plants per 100 anthers plated was 9‐ to 22‐fold higher on medium supplemented with sucrose or cellobiose than on medium containing melibiose as a sole carbohydrate.Among the growth regulators tested, the combination of auxin NAA (2 mg/l) and cytokinin BAP (1 mg/1) performed much better than the employment of auxin 2,4‐D combined either with zeatin riboside or BAP as cytokinins. The beneficial effect of medium supplemented with NAA and BAP was associated with better embryoid formation compared to the other growth regulator combinations tested. The hormone‐free combination gave a similar anther response and production of calli as any medium supplemented with growth regulators, but the regeneration capacity of calli produced on hormone‐free medium was much lower, resulting in the drastic reduction of the number of both total and green regenerants.
Resistance to Polymyxa betae in Beta Species of the Section Procumbentes, in Hybrids with B. vulgaris and in Monosomic Chromosome Additions of B. procumbens in B. vulgaris
Authors: Paul H. , Henken B. , Bock Th. S. M. de , Lange W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractResistance to Polymyxa betae was studied in Beta species of the section Procumbentes, in hybrids of B. vulgaris with B. procumbens or B. patellaris, and in monosomic additions of chromosomes of B. procumbens in B. vulgaris. In all experiments P. betae infested with beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) was used. This virus causes rhizomania in sugar beet, and the effect of vector resistance was studied by measuring virus concentrations. Cystosori of P. betae were not found in the wild species and the hybrids. Virus concentrations in these plants were low, and in half the number of plants the virus could not be detected. Results of experiments with the monosomic additions indicate, that resistance to P. betae in B. procumbens is located on chromosomes 4 and 8. Some cystosori were present in these addition types, while cystosori were abundantly present in other addition types and all sib‐plants. Virus concentrations in the addition types 4 and 8 were lower than in their sib‐plants, but in almost all plants the virus could be detected. A significant correlation (r = 0.91; P < 0.05) between average numbers of cystosori and average virus concentrations was found when addition families of type 8 were tested together with B. procumbens and B. vulgaris cv. ‘Regina’.
Resistance to Septoria tritici in Hordeum chilense×Triticum spp. Amphiploids
Authors: Rubiales D. , Ballesteros J. , Martín A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe reaction of tritordeum and its Hordeum chilense and Triticum spp. parents to Septoria tritici was studied in field and seedling experiments. All H. chilense lines were highly resistant to all the isolates and did not allow pycnidia development. The ‘durum wheat isolate’ developed pycnidia only on durum wheats. The ‘breed wheat isolate’ was very virulent on bread wheat but also on the wild tetra‐ploid wheats. The other two isolates were compatible with durum and bread wheat. All hexaploid tritordeums were highly resistant both in the field and the seedling experiments. Some octoploid tritordeums allowed pycnidial development, but at much lower levels than their wheat parent. Resistance in tritordeum was not associated with plant stature and only in octoploid tritordeum was association of resistance with late maturity detected.
Introgression of Genetic Information from Triticum monococcum L, into Hexaploid Triticale by Hybridization with a T. monococcum×S. cereale Amphiploid
Authors: Sodkiewicz W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFour hexaploid triticale lines were crossed as females with a T. monococcum×S. cereale amphiploid (AmAmRR), with the aim of introducing the genetic material of diploid wheat. F1‐plants (AmABRR)were back‐crossed with a parental form of 6×‐triticale as male and progenies were subjected to four different types of pollination with the aim of finding the optimal one in respect to gradual stabilization of introgressive hexaploid karyotypes. Beginning with BC1‐plants, a strong tendency to decrease the somatic chromosome number was observed. In subsequent generations this was accompanied by the decrease of seed germination and plant fertility. Both of these characters showed statistically significant dependence on somatic chromosome number variation which was analyzed in BC1/F2 and BC2 populations. Based on spike fertility, an effective selection pressure was applied to restitute the hexaploid chromosome number. In the BC1/F4 generation, the first morphologically uniform secondary hexaploid lines were selected. 11.4% of the lines showed a non‐waxy spike — a morphological marker transmitted from T. monococcum.
Variation in Phaseolus vulgaris in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Gil J. , Ron A. De 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA collection of 51 accessions of Phaseolus vulgaris L. from N.W. of the Iberian Peninsula was evaluated for phenological, morphological, and agronomic characters for two years to study patterns of variation. Data were subjected to cluster analysis by variables choice, and six groups could be identified. These in turn corresponded to each previously described races ‘Nueva Granada’ and ‘Chile’ of South American origin, and races ‘Durango’ and ‘Mesoamerica’ of Middle American domestication center. Accessions falling in race ‘Nueva Granada’ had two distinct gene pools.
Location‐Specific and Across‐Location Selections for Seed Yield in Populations of Common Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Authors: Singh S. P. , Gutierrez J. A. , Urrea C. A. , Molina A. , Cajiao C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo populations of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were used to make three independent location‐specific selections at Palmira, Quilichao, and Popayán, Colombia. Also, three across‐location selections were made by alternating generations between Palmira and Popayan, between Quilichao and Popayán, and among Palmira, Quilichao, and Popayán. The seven highest yielding lines selected from each environment and population along with 14 parents and two checks were evaluated for seed yield, seed weight, maturity, and reaction to an‐thracnose, angular leaf spot, and common bacterial blight. Mean squares due to evaluation and selection environments, selected lines, and their interactions were significant for all traits. Mean yields of selected lines were higher than the mean of parents in both populations. Among location‐specific selections, lines yielded higher at their respective selection site. Moreover, selections made at Popayán were higher yielding than those made at Quilichao or Palmira when tested across locations and years. Use of Popayán, a relatively wetter and cooler site, either alone or in combination with other locations resulted in higher yield, higher seed weight, and higher resistance to anthracnose. On the average, location‐specific selections were lower yielding than the across‐location selections. Among across‐location selections, those selected between Palmira and Popayán were the highest yielding in both populations. Selections at Palmira and across all three locations resulted in greater stability.
Influence of Phytohemagglutinin on the Agronomic Performance of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Confalonieri M. , Bollini R. , Berardo N. , Vitale A. , Allavena A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe abundant lectin phytohemagglutinin (10 % of total seed protein) does not contain sulfur amino acids and, being a potent antimetabolite, it is responsible for the lowering of the nutritional value of bean seeds. The aim of the present work was to improve the dry bean cultivar ‘Taylor's Horticultural’ (Asgrow), by genetically introducing the lectin null (lec/lec) character from two null genotypes: ‘Pinto UI 111’ and ‘Heidi’. Thirty‐seven BC2F3 and fourteen BC6F5 inbred lines were evaluated in agronomical trials. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences among BC2F3 breedings lines for all traits under evaluation. Comparison of the LedLee genotypes versus lec/lec did not show statistically significant differences in the means for the following traits: yield, yield components and percentage of protein in the seed. Fourteen BC6F5 lines, compared together with their recurrent parent ‘Taylor's Horticultural’, showed significant differences among genotypes for 1000 seed weight, protein percentage on dry matter and ash percentage. No significant differences were observed for grain yield. The data indicate that lectin removal did not have a detrimental effect on the traits evaluated.
Localization of the Laevigatum Resistance Gene MlLa against Powdery Mildew in the Barley Genome by the Use of RFLP Markers
Authors: Hilbers S. , Fischbeck G. , Jahoor A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRFLP markers which were previously assigned to chromosome 2 (2H) were found to detect polymorphism between the cv. ‘Pallas’ and a near isogenic line carrying the Laevigatum resistance gene MlLa. Linkage analysis carried out with two sets of DH lines derived from the crosses ‘RisøS’×‘Sultan’ and ‘Alf’×‘Vogelsanger Gold 2’ confirmed three DNA probes closely linked with the MlLa locus.
Comparison of Organelle Polypeptide Profiles among Sections and Species in the Genus Beta: Evidences for Old Hybridization between Table Beets and Corollinae
Authors: Ouazzani Chadia , Bervillé A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins of the three sectionsVulgares, Corollinae and Procumbentesof the genus Beta were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. Most of the chloroplastic or mitochondrial polypeptides are common to the three sections, but some are present in one section only. Thus their presence in an individual allows it to be assigned to a section. The variation of chloroplastic and mitochondrial poly‐peptide profiles of closely related species has not been frequently reported. Thus the question arises about the differentiation of these species and subspecies. We found that table beets display polypeptides present either in the Vulgares or in the Corollinae, and consequently they probably result from an old hybridization.
Intraspecific Variation in Mean Endosperm Cell Cycle Time in Vicia faba (L.) and Interspecific Hybridization with Vicia narbonensis (L.)
Authors: Lazaridou T. B. , Roupakias D. G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe rate of early embryo‐sac development was studied in seven faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars grown in a controlled environment. The embryo‐sac stage was determined from the number of endosperm nuclei per embryo‐sac and the number of embryo cells during the first 12 days after pollination. Differences in early embryo‐sac development were observed between the genotypes studied.In addition, five different V. faba×V. narbonensis crosses and reciprocals were made using genotypes with small differences in mean endosperm cell cycle time and genotypes with large differences. The percentage of success (pod set) in V. faba×V. narbonensis crosses ranged between 9 % and 59 % while in the reciprocals it ranged from 12 % up to 30 %. However, cytological studies showed that the high percentage of success (pod set) observed in the cross A‐107 × A‐202 was not associated with a higher percentage of interspecific hybrid embryos.The results indicate that genotypes of the two species with smaller differences in mean endosperm cell cycle time result neither in a higher percentage pod set nor in bigger hybrid embryos.
Electrophoretic Analysis of Eleven Isozyme Systems and their Possible Use as Biochemical Markers in Breeding of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)
Authors: Baes P. , Van Cutsem P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPolymorphism and ontogeny of 11 chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) enzymatic systems have been analyzed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, namely: leucine aminopeptidase, phosphoglucomutase, shikimate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, superoxide dismutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, esterase, phosphorylase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, 6‐phos‐phogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose phosphate isomerase. The use of these systems as biochemical markers is discussed.
High‐Molecular‐Weight Glutenin Subunits of the Most Commonly Grown Wheat Cultivars in the U.S. in 1984*
Authors: Lookhart G. L. , Hagman Kayla , Kasarda D. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAll wheat varieties (106) grown in the U.S. on more than 100,000 acres (38,610 ha) as of the latest (1984) crop variety survey were characterized by sodium dodecylsulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS) band patterns for each variety were assigned the corresponding Payne numbers and theoretical quality scores based on those assignments. The subunit assignments were compared for the different wheat varieties and the five main wheat classes grown in the U.S. Hard red spring (HRS) and winter (HRW) wheats used mainly for breadmaking showed a remarkably high percentage of bands associated with good breadmaking quality. The allele 5+10, which has the strongest association with good quality, was present in 91 % of the hard red spring wheats and 62 % of the hard red winter wheats. Also, 91 % of all HRS and 53 % of HRW wheat varieties had quality scores of 9 or 10 (10 is the highest possible score). Evidently, by selecting for quality through close cooperation with quality testing laboratories, U.S. breeders have unknowingly selected for high quality glutenin subunits in their released varieties.HRS and HRW wheat varieties are normally grown in different environments in time and/or space, accounting to a large extent for differences in protein content (∼2 %) and other quality traits in the two crops. The uniformly high theoretical quality scores of the HRS wheats compared to more variable scores for HRW wheats may help to explain the popular perception that spring wheats have intrinsically higher quality than winter wheats. Admixing grain from variable (some poorer, most good) HRW wheat varieties (due to genetics or environment) has probably also led to the perception of overall lower quality for HRW than HRS wheats.In the soft red winter (SRW) and soft white (SW) wheat classes where the end‐use is typically cookies and cakes, 40 and 90 %, respectively, have the allele 2+12 that correlates with poor bread baking quality. The absence of alleles for good bread baking quality may be predictive of good quality for soft wheat products.
Recurrent Selection for Increased Grain Yield and Resistance to Downy Mildew in Pearl Millet*
Authors: Rattunde H. F. W. , Wrrcombe J. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSix pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) composites were subjected to three or more cycles of selection in multilocational yield trials and downy mildew disease nurseries in India. The base and selected populations were tested (a) over four years at three locations in India (11° to 29°N), (b) under terminal‐drought and optimal moisture conditions for two years, and (c) under induced downy mildew infections to determine the impacts of selection on grain yield, agronomic traits, and resistance to downy mildew (Sclerospora graminicola Sacc. Schroet.). Mean grain yield increases for four composites undergoing three to six cycles of selection ranged between 23 to 94 kg ha‐1 cycle‐1 (0.9 to 4.9 % cycle‐1) which, averaged over composites, amounted to 3.3 % cycle‐1. Yield gains were generally expressed at all test locations and under both terminal‐drought and optimal moisture environments. The gains in grain yield were associated with increases of both biomass and harvest index without extending the growth duration except in the earliest composite. Susceptibility to downy mildew remained below 10 % in all selected populations. Thus, the effectiveness of recurrent selection for increasing yield and yield stability of pearl millet is clearly demonstrated.
Screening Maize for Tolerance to Striga hermonthica
Authors: Efron Y. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Striga hermonthica is a widespread parasitic weed in Africa, causing severe damages to the major cereal crops: millet, sorghum and maize. Considering the subsistence nature of farming in Africa, the development of resistant or tolerant varieties is the most promising cost‐effective approach to overcoming the weed problem. A simple, inexpensive and sufficiently uniform infestation technique has been developed by the research department of AgSeeds Ltd., Zaria, Nigeria, which is based on mulching a field with mature Striga plants collected in neighbouring farmers' sorghum fields. With this method, rapid progress was achieved in the development of experimental maize hybrids with high levels of tolerance to S. Hermonthica and good yield potential. Among 34 lines with improved tolerance, two (nos. 74 and 785) showed particularly high levels of tolerance. The hybrid between these two lines had a significantly higher yield (47.6 %) under Striga infestation than the tolerant check 8322‐13 developed by IITA.
Diploidization in Haploid Tissue Cultures of Sorghum
Authors: Elkonin L. A. , Gudova T. N. , Ishin A. G. , Tyrnov U. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractConditions for the effective experimental regulation of ploidy level in regenerants from callus cultures derived from young, undifferentiated leaves and panicles of haploid sorghum were established. Diploidization depended on the ontogenetic age of the explant and the 2,4‐D concentration in the medium. With a low 2,4‐D concentration (0.5 mg/1) and segments of young panicles (< 35 mm long) the cultures produced only haploid regenerants. Diploid plants were formed from cultures derived from more mature panicles ( 35 mm long) and young leaves (15–65 mm long). Under a high 2,4‐D concentration (2.5 mg/1) diploid plants were regenerated from cultures derived from young panicles (less than 35 mm) except the most young ones (5–15 mm). The majority of the diploid regenerants contained mutations, mainly affecting male fertility and plant height.
Genetics of Six Components of Autofertility in Vicia faba
Authors: Torres A. M. , Moreno M. T. , Cubero J. I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of six components of autofertility was studied in faba beans in two consecutive years (1989 and 1990) by analysing parents, Fl and segregating generations of 14 crosses between preselected pure lines. Genetic analysis was performed by a joint scaling test proposed by Cavalli (1952). Additive gene effects were more important than dominance effects in flowers/node, pods/flower and ovules/ovary. In contrast, characters directly related with the seed such as pods/node, seeds/pod and, to a lesser extent, seeds/ovule showed high positive values of dominance. The three latter traits in general exhibited strong heterosis, probably due to genetic interactions. In order to produce selection gain, any breeding programme has to consider that dominance and heterosis vary according to the character involved. The present study reveals different degrees of dominance expression depending on cross specificity as well as on environmental conditions. The advantages of studying segregating generations instead of diallel crosses and the need for a simultaneous study of many crosses are emphasized in this paper.
Involvement of Chromosomes 5A and 5D in Cold‐Induced Abscisic Acid Accumulation in and Frost Tolerance of Wheat Calli
Authors: Galiba G. , Tuberosa R. , Kocsy G. , Sutka J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe relationship between frost tolerance and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation was studied in callus cultures of three wheat cultivars differing in the level of frost‐tolerance, and of the 5A and 5D chromosome substitution lines from the frost‐tolerant variety ‘Cheyenne’ into frost‐sensitive ‘Chinese Spring’. Following cold hardening, the increase in ABA level in the calli of the two frost tolerant cultivars was significantly higher than in those of the frost‐susceptible cultivar. Similarly, in 5A and 5D substitution lines, significantly higher ABA levels were detected than in the recipient ‘Chinese Spring’. One week‐long ABA treatment at 26 °C induced a significantly higher level of frost tolerance than that achieved by cold hardening, irrespective of the frost sensitivity of the examined genotypes.
Grain Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat Landraces in a Dry Mediterranean Region of Northern Syria
Authors: Pecetti L. , Annicchiarrico P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwenty‐two durum wheat landraces of various origins were evaluated for performance and stability of grain yield, protein content and gluten strength (SDS sedimentation volume) at two sites of Northern Syria situated in the drought‐prone part of the local durum wheat belt. Yield was recorded in three seasons, while protein content and SDS volume were assessed in two seasons only. A high “entry X environment” interaction was observed for all traits, which was significantly attributable to heterogeneity of entry regressions on the environmental mean for grain yield only. Compared to the recently‐bred, widely‐grown variety ‘Sham I’, some landraces showed somewhat similar yield responses, whereas others proved more stable without being significantly lower yielding. Significant variation was found for SDS volume, though only few of the best‐ranking landraces for this trait also possessed an acceptable yield level. The entries did not significantly differ for protein content. The broad sense heritability estimates obtained for grain yield (0.59) and SDS volume (0.89) highlighted the interest in some of the landraces examined for improving grain yield and quality in the region.
The Effects of the Growth Retardant Chlormequat (CCC) on Plant Height and Yield in GA Insensitive Wheats
Authors: Börner A. , Meinel A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeven GA insensitive wheats differing in their final plant height were grown, over three years, in ran‐domized field plots and analyzed for their response to CCC. Whereas the shorter lines Were virtually unaffected by the chemical, the ‘tall dwarfs’ responded with reduced straw height and higher yields as a consequence of higher number of grains per ear. Therefore, depending on the genetical background, spraying with growth retardants to achieve optimal plant height may be beneficial to grain yield.