bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Locating Multiple Interacting Quantitative Trait Loci in Intercross Designs
Authors: Baierl Andreas , Bogdan Małgorzata , Frommlet Florian , Futschik Andreas 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A modified version (mBIC) of the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) has been previously proposed for backcross designs to locate multiple interacting quantitative trait loci. In this article, we extend the method to intercross designs. We also propose two modifications of the mBIC. First we investigate a two-stage procedure in the spirit of empirical Bayes methods involving an adaptive (i.e., data-based) choice of the penalty. The purpose of the second modification is to increase the power of detecting epistasis effects at loci where main effects have already been detected. We investigate the proposed methods by computer simulations under a wide range of realistic genetic models, with nonequidistant marker spacings and missing data. In the case of large intermarker distances we use imputations according to Haley and Knott regression to reduce the distance between searched positions to not more than 10 cM. Haley and Knott regression is also used to handle missing data. The simulation study as well as real data analyses demonstrates good properties of the proposed method of QTL detection.
The Hitchhiking Effect of an Autosomal Meiotic Drive Gene
Authors: Chevin Luis-Miguel , Hospital Frédéric 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Transmission-ratio distortion is a departure from a 1:1 segregation of alleles in the gametes of a heterozygous individual. The so-called driving allele is strongly selected regardless of its effect on the fitness of the carrying individual. It may then have an important impact on neutral polymorphism due to the genetic hitchhiking effect. We study this hitchhiking effect in the case of true meiotic drive in autosomes and show that it is more dependent on the recombination rate than in the classical case of a gene positively selected at the organism level.
Inbreeding by Environmental Interactions Affect Gene Expression inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kristensen Torsten Nygaard , Sørensen Peter , Pedersen Kamilla Sofie , Kruhøffer Mogens , Loeschcke Volker 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenomewide gene expression patterns were investigated in inbred and noninbred Drosophila melanogaster lines under benign and stressful (high temperature) environmental conditions in a highly replicated experiment using Affymetrix gene chips. We found that both heat-shock protein and metabolism genes are strongly affected by temperature stress and that genes involved in metabolism are differentially expressed in inbred compared with noninbred lines, and that this effect is accentuated after heat stress exposure. Furthermore we show that inbreeding and temperature stress cause increased between-line variance in gene expression patterns. We conclude that inbreeding and environmental stress both independently and synergistically affect gene expression patterns. Interactions between inbreeding and the environment are often observed at the phenotypic level and our results reveal some of the genes that are involved at the individual gene level. Our observation of several metabolism genes being differentially expressed in inbred lines and more so after exposure to temperature stress, together with lower fitness in the investigated inbred lines, supports the hypothesis that superiority of heterozygous individuals partly derives from increased metabolic efficiency.
Partitioning of the Maize Epigenome by the Number of Methyl Groups on Histone H3 Lysines 9 and 27
Authors: Shi Jinghua , Dawe R Kelly 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We report a detailed analysis of maize chromosome structure with respect to seven histone H3 methylation states (dimethylation at lysine 4 and mono-, di-, and trimethylation at lysines 9 and 27). Three-dimensional light microscopy and the fine cytological resolution of maize pachytene chromosomes made it possible to compare the distribution of individual histone methylation events to each other and to DNA staining intensity. Major conclusions are that (1) H3K27me2 marks classical heterochromatin; (2) H3K4me2 is limited to areas between and around H3K27me2-marked chromomeres, clearly demarcating the euchromatic gene space; (3) H3K9me2 is restricted to the euchromatic gene space; (4) H3K27me3 occurs in a few (roughly seven) focused euchromatic domains; (5) centromeres and CENP-C are closely associated with H3K9me2 and H3K9me3; and (6) histone H4K20 di- and trimethylation are nearly or completely absent in maize. Each methylation state identifies different regions of the epigenome. We discuss the evolutionary lability of histone methylation profiles and draw a distinction between H3K9me2-mediated gene silencing and heterochromatin formation.
The evolution of an elliptic vortex ring
Authors: Dhanak M. R. , Bernardinis B. DE 
Published: April 2006

The evolution of a vortex ring in an ideal fluid under self-induction from a flat and elliptic configuration is followed numerically using the cut-off approximation (Crow 1970) for the velocity at the vortex. Calculations are presented for four different axes ratios of the initial ellipse. A particular choice is made for the core size and vorticity distribution in the core of the vortex ring. When the initial axes ratio is close to 1, the vortex ring oscillates periodically. The periodicity is lost as more eccentric cases are considered. For initial axes ratio 0·2, the calculations suggest a break-up of the ring through the core at one portion of the ring touching that at another, initially distant, portion of the ring.Results from quantitative experiments, conducted at moderate Reynolds number with the vortex rings produced by puffing air through elliptic orifices, are compared with the calculations. The agreement is fairly good and it is found that a vortex ring produced from an orifice of axes ratio 0·2 breaks up into two smaller rings. The relevance of the results to the vortex trail of an aircraft is discussed.
Simple three-dimensional vortex motions in coflowing jets and wakes
Authors: Perry A. E. , Tan D. K. M. 
Published: April 2006

The vortex patterns which occur in coflowing jets and wakes at moderate Reynolds numbers (of order 500) are examined in detail. Flow visualization is used in conjunction with a flying hot-wire system which allows instantaneous velocity vector fields to be rapidly measured and related to the smoke patterns. The structures were made perfectly periodic in time by artificial stimulation. The experiments were therefore completely deterministic. This newly developed data-acquisition technique does not require the use of Taylor's hypothesis for inferring patterns from a fixed streamwise position. It therefore allows the vector fields of rapidly evolving patterns to be produced. It also allows the phenomenon of three-dimensional vortex pairing to be studied. The classification of patterns and conjectured topologies made by Perry & Lim (1978a, b) and the interpretations of Perry, Lim & Chong (1980) and Perry & Watmuff (1981) are examined. In the light of more-detailed measurements, it is found that some of these interpretations require modification.Vortex ‘skeleton’ models of the patterns are constructed and it is found that the Biot-Savart law gives vector fields which are in reasonable agreement with the experiments. It is also found that the power-spectral density of a periodic array of eddies can be explained in terms of potential flow vortices.
Free vibrations of a drop in partial contact with a solid support
Authors: Strani M. , Sabetta F. 
Published: April 2006

Under the assumptions of zero gravity, of negligible viscous effects and of small surface deformations, the problem of the axisymmetric free vibrations of a liquid drop immersed in an outer fluid and in partial contact with a spherical bowl has been analysed. Using the Green function method and expanding the velocity potentials in series of Legendre polynomials, the problem has been reduced to the solution of a single integral equation whose kernel has been expressed in analytical form. It is found that, in comparison with an isolated drop, constrained drops have an additional vibration mode which reduces to a zero-frequency rigid motion as the support size tends to zero, while the remaining ones approach the modes predicted by Lamb for a free drop.The vibration modes have been numerically calculated for different sizes of the supported surface and compared with the experimental results of Bisch, Lasek & Rodot (1982).
Sonographische Diagnostik des post-interventionellen Pneumothorax und Seropneumothorax – Prospektive Studie an 100 Patienten
Authors: Reissig  , Kroegel  
Published: April 2006

In dieser prospektiven Studie wurde der Stellenwert der transthorakalen Sonographie bei der Diagnostik bzw. beim Ausschluss des Pneumothorax/Seropneumothorax nach transbronchialer Biopsie und Pleuraergussdrainage mittels Pleurakatheter untersucht und mit den Röntgen-Thoraxaufnahmen verglichen. Insgesamt wurden 100 Patienten (38 Frauen, 62 Männner; mittleres Alter 63 Jahre) untersucht, 63 Patienten nach transbronchialer Biopsie und 37 Patienten nach Pleuraerguss-Drainage. Drei Stunden nach der Intervention erfolgte zunächst eine Thoraxsonographie, gefolgt von einer Röntgen-Thoraxaufnahme. Bei einem (1%) der 100 Patienten trat ein post-interventioneller Pneumothorax und bei acht Patienten (8%) ein Seropneumothorax auf. Die Sensitivität, Spezifität und Treffsicherheit der transthorakalen Sonographie bei der Pneumothorax-/Seropneumothorax-Diagnostik betrug 100%. Ein Seropneumothorax konnte röntgenologisch erst auf einer zusätzlich angefertigten seitlichen Röntgenaufnahme im Liegen erkannt werden. Die transthorakale Sonographie ist eine nicht-invasive und strahlenfreie Alternative zum herkömmlichen Vorgehen. Eine Röntgen-Thoraxaufnahme ist weiterhin bei Patienten mit sonographisch diagnostiziertem Pneumothorax (zur Bestimmung der Tiefenausdehnung), bei eingeschränkter sonographischer Beurteilbarkeit (z.B. bei Vorliegen eines Hautemphysems) sowie bei Auftreten einer Diskrepanz zwischen sonographischem und klinischem Befund erforderlich.
Staff experiences of an early warning indicator for unstable patients in Australia
Authors: Green Anna , Allison William 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to explore nursing and medical staff's perceptions of a clinical marker referral tool implemented to assist in the early identification of unstable patients in the general surgical and medical ward environment. A descriptive, exploratory survey design was undertaken 6 months after the implementation of a clinical marker referral tool. The target population for the survey was all ward nursing, junior medical staff and intensive care unit (ICU) registrars in a metropolitan tertiary referral hospital in Australia. The survey consisted of open‐ended and closed‐ended questions, as well as statements asking participants to explore their perceptions, attitudes and perceived understanding of the clinical marker referral tool. The surveys were sent to all targeted staff in a personally addressed envelope via the internal mail system. Overall, nursing and medical staff (n = 178) responses were positive to the clinical marker project/tool, offering clear guidelines for staff to respond to the patient's clinical condition and contact the medical staff and the ICU liaison team as appropriate. Furthermore, comments were made in relation to the ICU liaison team acting as a ‘support’ and ‘prompt back‐up’ for nursing staff when needed. However, ward medical staff had reservations with the clinical markers chosen and with ward nurses being able to contact the ICU registrar after hours. Additionally, the ICU registrars commented on an increase to their workload in having to review unstable patients after hours. These results suggest that the ward nurses required additional support and guidance in caring for the unstable patient in the ward which may improve patient outcomes. Further research investigating the less‐favourable responses of the ward medical staff and ICU medical staff is warranted.
Comprehensive health assessments during de‐institutionalization: an observational study
Authors: Lennox N. , Rey‐Conde T. , Cooling N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground  People with intellectual disability (ID) leaving institutions pass through a transition stage that makes them vulnerable to inadequate health care. They enter into community care under general practitioners (GPs) who are often untrained and inexperienced in their needs. Specifically designed health reviews may be of assistance to both them and their new GPs as they go through that phase.Methods  This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a specially designed health review, the comprehensive health assessment program (CHAP) health review, in a group of adults as they transitioned out of the care of the last institution for people with ID in Tasmania. There were 25 residents reviewed by their GPs.Results  The CHAP reviews picked up a number of health conditions and stimulated health promotion activities. Some of the findings were: a high number of abnormal Body Mass Indexes (19/23), immunizations given (13/23), vision impairment reported (2/23), mental health issues recorded (4/23) and skin abnormalities described (17/23). There were 22 referrals made to other health professionals (Australian Hearing Service 4, dentists 3, optometrists 3, psychiatrists 2, neurologists 2, ophthalmologist 1, urologist 1, ultrasound 1, mammogram 1, family planning 1, physiotherapist 1, continence nurse 1 and respiratory physician 1). These were in addition to various requests for pathology.Conclusions  The CHAP health review was effective in identifying a number of health issues in the population of people with ID as they transitioned out of institutional care into the general community.
Functional characterisation of the regulation of CAAT enhancer binding protein alpha by GSK-3 phosphorylation of Threonines 222/226
Authors: Liu H-K , Perrier S , Lipina C , Finlay D , McLauchlan H , Hastie CJ , Hundal HS , Sutherland C 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK3) activity is repressed following insulin treatment of cells. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 mimics the effect of insulin on Phosphoeno lpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK), Glucose-6 Phosphatase (G6Pase) and IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP1) gene expression. CAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) regulates these gene promoters in liver and is phosphorylated on two residues (T222/T226) by GSK3, although the functional outcome of the phosphorylation has not been established. We aimed to establish whether CEBPα is a link between GSK3 and these gene promoters.

Results
C/EBPα represses the IGFBP1 thymine-rich insulin response element (TIRE), but mutation of T222 or T226 of C/EBPα to non-phosphorylatable alanines has no effect on C/EBPα activity in liver cells (towards the TIRE or a consensus C/EBP binding sequence). Phosphorylation of T222/T226 is decreased by GSK3 inhibition, suggesting GSK3 does phosphorylate T222/226 in intact cells. However, phosphorylation was not altered by treatment of liver cells with insulin. Meanwhile C/EBPα activity in 3T3 L1 preadipocytes was enhanced by mutation of T222/T226 and/or S230 to alanine residues. Finally, we demonstrate that C/EBPα is a very poor substrate for GSK3 in vitro and in cells.

Conclusion
The work demonstrates an important role for this domain in the regulation of C/EBPα activity in adipocytes but not hepatocytes, however GSK3 phosphorylation of these residues does not mediate regulation of this C/EBP activity. In short, we find no evidence that C/EBPα activity is regulated by direct phosphorylation by GSK3.
The appropriateness of gatekeeping in the provision of reproductive health care for adolescents in Lithuania:the general practice perspective
Authors: Jaruseviciene Lina , Levasseur Gwenola 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Adolescents' consultation of primary health care services remains problematic despite their accessibility. The reproductive health service seeking behavior of adolescents is the object of much research but little is known about how this behavior is influenced by the gatekeeping system. This study aimed to explore general practitioners' perceptions of the appropriateness of gatekeeping in adolescent reproductive health care.

Methods
Twenty in-depth interviews regarding factors affecting adolescent reproductive health care were carried out on a diverse sample of general practitioners and analyzed using grounded theory.

Results
The analysis identified several factors that shaped GPs' negative attitude to gatekeeping in adolescent reproductive health care. Its appropriateness in this field was questionable due to a lack of willingness on the part of GPs to provide reproductive health services for teenagers, their insufficient training, inadequately equipped surgeries and low perceived support for reproductive health service provision.

Conclusion
Since factors for improving adolescent reproductive health concern not only physicians but also the health system and policy levels, complex measures should be designed to overcome these barriers. Discussion of a flexible model of gatekeeping, encompassing both co-ordination of care provided by GPs and the possibility of patients' self-referral, should be included in the political agenda. Adolescents tend to under-use rather than over-use reproductive health services and every effort should be made to facilitate the accessibility of such services.
Combination of celecoxib with percutaneous radiotherapy in patients with localised prostate cancer – a phase I study
Authors: Ganswindt U , Budach W , Jendrossek V , Becker G , Bamberg M , Belka C 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Current approaches for the improvement of bNED for prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy mainly focus on dose escalation. However molecularly targeted approaches may also turn out to be of value. In this regard cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors have been shown to exert some anti-tumour activities in human prostate cancer in vivo and in vitro. Although in vitro data indicated that the combination of COX-2 inhibition and radiation was not associated with an increased toxicity, we performed a phase I trial using high dose celecoxib together with percutaneous radiation therapy.

Methods
In order to rule out any increases of more than 20% incidence for a given side effect level 22 patients were included in the trial. Celecoxib was given 400 mg twice daily with onset of the radiation treatment. Risk adapted radiation doses were between 70 and 74 Gy standard fractionation. RTOG based gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) acute toxicity scoring was performed weekly during radiation therapy, at six weeks after therapy and three month after completing radiation treatment.

Results
Generally no major increase in the level and incidence of side effects potentially caused by the combined treatment was observed. In two cases a generalised skin rash occurred which immediately resolved upon discontinuation of the drug. No grade 3 and 4 toxicity was seen. Maximal GI toxicity grade 1 and 2 was observed in 85% and 10%, respectively. In terms of GU toxicity 80 % of the patients experienced a grade 1 toxicity and 10 % had grade 2 symptoms.

Conclusion
The combination of irradiation to the prostate with concurrent high dose celecoxib was not associated with an increased level of side effects.
DomoSim‐TPC: Collaborative problem solving to support the learning of domotical design
Authors: Redondo Miguel Á. , Bravo Crescencio 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDomotics is a subject taught in engineering and in technical training and refers to the methods followed to introduce the technology of service automation in housings and buildings. One of the most important aspects while learning this subject is the design of installations to satisfy a set of requirements. In order to design and to test these installations it is necessary to carry out practical works with expensive and dangerous materials. In this situation the use of a computer‐supported collaborative learning environment can be a good complement to facilitate this engineering task and to provide a social dimension of learning by creating group work habits. In this paper, we present a proposal of a teaching model for this discipline and a telematic environment developed to give support to the realization of practical works of domotical design in group. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 9–19, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20062
Nonadiabatic and frictional constant area duct flow: A visual software based simulation for compressible systems
Authors: Ozalp A. Alper 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNumerical investigation of compressible flows in constant area ducts becomes substantially complicated when the surface roughness and heat flux conditions simultaneously act as independent and considerable boundary conditions that create significant influences on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. This article presents GAS‐DYN v2.0, a specialized software package, capable of handling nonadiabatic and frictional systems with the contribution of a database, developed also by the author, which involves the real time temperature‐dependent gas properties. Results of the presented computational analysis are in harmony with the available literature, which not only indicates the reliability of the package but also points out its adaptability to MSc and PhD level research studies and for the compressible flow system design projects. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 64–75, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20068
Motion vector coding by using representation of norm and angle components
Authors: Shimizu Atsushi , Sagata Atsushi , Kamikura Kazuto , Kobayashi Naoki 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSince many video coding methods use prediction between motion‐compensated frames, the motion vector must be transmitted. A large amount of code is generated for DCT coefficients for the motion vector. Therefore, prediction is performed from the motion vectors of neighboring blocks and variable‐length coding of the horizontal and vertical components of the prediction error vector is performed to reduce the amount of generated code. However, since this method handles the horizontal and vertical components as independent components, appropriate code assignment for coding the prediction error vector may not be possible. In this paper, the authors propose a method of coding by using norm and angle components to represent the prediction error vector and compare its coding efficiency with the conventional method to show its effectiveness. ©2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 89(10): 54–62, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20265