bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized expression profiles of rpoS in Escherichia coli biofilms
Authors: Ito Akinobu , May Thithiwat , Taniuchi Asami , Kawata Koji , Okabe Satoshi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlthough importance of the rpoS gene on biofilm formation by Escherichia coli has been suggested, there has not been any report showing where the rpoS is expressed during biofilm formation process. Since physiological state of the cells in the biofilms is considerably heterogeneous, the expression of the rpoS gene must be heterogeneous. In this study, in situ spatial expression of the rpoS gene during biofilm formation was investigated with an rpoS‐gfp transcriptional fusion mutant strain. A ribosomal binding site and a gene encoding a green fluorescent protein were introduced into the downstream of the rpoS gene, which enabled us to observe the in situ spatial expression of the rpoS gene during biofilm formation processes without any disturbance of the rpoS expression. In the early stages of the biofilm formation process, the rpoS gene was expressed in the most of the cells. On the other hand, the rpoS expression was observed only at the outside of the biofilms during the late stages of the biofilm formation process. The in situ spatial expression of the rpoS gene in the biofilm was verified by quantifying the expression levels of the rpoS at the outside and the inside of the biofilms with the real time RT‐PCR. In addition, global gene expression analysis was performed with DNA microarray to investigate physiological difference between the outside and the inside of the biofilms. This heterogeneous rpoS expression profile suggested that the cells at the outside of the biofilm need to express the rpoS to shift the physiological state to the stationary growth mode such as induction of various stress responses and suppression of the motility. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 975–983. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the ERETIC method as an improved quantitative reference for 1H HR‐MAS spectroscopy of prostate tissue
Authors: Albers Mark J. , Butler Thomas N. , Rahwa Iman , Bao Nguyen , Keshari Kayvan R. , Swanson Mark G. , Kurhanewicz John 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Electronic REference To access In vivo Concentrations (ERETIC) method was applied to 1H HR‐MAS spectroscopy. The accuracy, precision, and stability of ERETIC as a quantitative reference were evaluated in solution and human prostate tissue samples. For comparison, the reliability of 3‐(trimethylsilyl)propionic‐2,2,3,3‐d4 acid (TSP) as a quantitation reference was also evaluated. The ERETIC and TSP peak areas were found to be stable in solution over the short‐term and long‐term, with long‐term relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.10% and 2.60%, respectively. Quantification of TSP in solution using the ERETIC peak as a reference and a calibrated, rotor‐dependent conversion factor yielded results with a precision ≤2.9% and an accuracy error ≤4.2% when compared with the expected values. The ERETIC peak area reproducibility was superior to TSP's reproducibility, corrected for mass, in both prostate surgical and biopsy samples (4.53% vs. 21.2% and 3.34% vs. 31.8%, respectively). Furthermore, the tissue TSP peaks exhibited only 27.5% of the expected area, which would cause an overestimation of metabolite concentrations if used as a reference. The improved quantification accuracy and precision provided by ERETIC may enable the detection of smaller metabolic differences that may exist between individual tissue samples and disease states. Magn Reson Med 61:525–532, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is There a Survival Benefit to Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy, Combined with Surgery for Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastases?
Authors: Lubezky Nir , Geva Ravit , Shmueli Einat , Nakache Richard , Klausner Joseph M. , Figer Arie , Ben‐Haim Menahem 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe benefits of adding chemotherapy to surgery in patients with hepatic colorectal metastases at moderate and high risk for recurrence and the optimal sequence of administration are undetermined.MethodsWe followed the overall‐survival and event‐free survival rates after operation in patients with resectable colorectal metastases confined to the liver. The adjuvant patients first underwent surgery and then treatment, whereas the neoadjuvant patients underwent treatment, surgery, and re‐treatment. Assignment was by oncologist and patient preferences. Chemotherapy was oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or irinotecan (FOLFIRI) based.ResultsFifty‐six of 105 patients who underwent liver resections for colorectal metastases (2002–2005) are included. The two groups were comparable for demographics, characteristics of disease (including recurrence risk), treatment protocols, and follow‐up. The respective 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year overall survival rates were 91%, 91%, and 84%, and the event‐free survival rates were 63%, 49%, and 49% for the 19 adjuvant patients, and 95%, 91%, and 70%, and 94%, 50%, and 50% for the 37 neoadjuvant patients.ConclusionsThe midterm overall survival and disease‐free survival rates in this group of patients with resectable colorectal metastases to the liver, who were treated with combination of resection and chemotherapy, were similar, regardless of the sequence of treatment.
Ovine fetal hormonal and hypothalamic neuroendocrine responses to maternal water deprivation at late gestation
Authors: Zhu Liyan , Mao Caiping , Wu Jiawei , Guan Junchang , Wan Zhen , Liu Yujuan , Xu Feichao , Zhou Yun , Feng Xing , Xu Zhice 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAngiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone, and arginine‐vasopressin (AVP) are three major neuropeptides or hormones that are important in the control of body fluid regulation. Dehydration during pregnancy induces alterations in maternal–fetal fluid homeostasis. It is still not clear about effects and mechanisms of maternal water deprivation on fetal neuroendocine and hormonal responses. The present study deprived water from pregnant sheep at near‐term for 24 h and 48 h, and determined maternal and fetal blood osmolality and sodium levels before and immediately after water deprivation. Fetal renal excretion and plasma hormones were measured. Fetal forebrain was analyzed for cellular activation marked with Fos and Fos‐B. The results showed that maternal and fetal blood osmolality and sodium were increased by water deprivation. Maternal and fetal Ang II, aldosterone, and AVP levels were elevated by 24‐h and 48‐h water deprivation, while fetal plasma Ang I levels were increased only under the condition of 48‐h water deprivation. Intensive Fos and Fos‐B expression was detected in the median preoptic nuclei and paraventricular nuclei in the fetal brain following exposure to maternal water deprivation. Double labeling demonstrated that many Fos‐positive cells were AVP‐containing neurons in the fetal paraventricular nucleus. Together, the results suggest that neuroendocrine and hormonal regulatory mechanisms play a role in the control of body fluid homeostasis, and relatively matured and functional at the last third of gestation, as well as the fetal hypothalamus is functional in the control of the neuropeptide in response to maternal dehydration.
Technique and diagnostic utility of saline infusion sonohysterography
Authors: Elsayes Khaled M. , Pandya Amit , Platt Joel F. , Bude Ronald O. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe introduction of saline infusion sonohysterography has significantly improved sonographic diagnosis of various endometrial pathologies. This procedure entails instillation of warm saline into the uterine cavity transcervically to provide enhanced visualization of the endometrium during transvaginal ultrasound examination. This article reviews the sonohysterography technique and current utility, as well as the spectrum of imaging features of various endometrial pathologies.
Effects of visceral peritoneal closure on scar formation at cesarean delivery
Authors: Malvasi Antonio , Tinelli Andrea , Farine Dan , Rahimi Siavash , Cavallotti Carlo , Vergara Daniele , Martignago Roberta , Stark Michael 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of closure or non‐closure of the visceral peritoneum at cesarean delivery on uterine scar formation assessed at repeat cesarean delivery.MethodsWomen undergoing initial cesarean delivery were allocated into 2 groups: group 1 underwent visceral peritoneal closure, while in group 2 the visceral peritoneum was not closed. At repeat cesarean delivery 4 specimens from the initial uterine scar were collected and assessed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsIn group 1, 57% of women had adhesions compared with 20.6% in group 2 (P < 0.05). Light microscopy revealed reactive mesothelial hyperplasia (51.8% vs 13.7%), submesothelial fibrosis (48.1% vs 6.8%), and neoangiogenesis of mesothelial stroma (44.4% vs 12%) in group 1 and group 2 patients, respectively (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy showed more patients with pericytes on the surface of microvessels in group 1 compared with group 2 (26.3 ± 1.4 vs 11.5 ± 1.1 patients; P < 0.05).ConclusionClosure of the visceral peritoneum at cesarean delivery may produce an inflammatory reaction and adhesions, evidenced by reactive and regenerative mesothelial hyperplasia and submesothelial fibrosis.
Reducing maternal mortality among Afghan refugees in Pakistan
Authors: Purdin Susan , Khan Tila , Saucier Roxanne 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe International Rescue Committee (IRC) strove to reduce maternal mortality among Afghan refugees in Hangu district of Pakistan by improving access to emergency obstetric care (EmOC), community knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy, and the use of health information.MethodsIRC established EmOC centers, trained community members on safe motherhood, linked primary health care with education on danger signs of pregnancy and the importance of skilled attendance, and improved the health information system.ResultsThe maternal mortality ratio among Afghan refugees in the area improved from 291 per 100 000 live births in 2000 to 102 per 100 000 live births in 2004. The proportion of refugee births attended by skilled staff increased from 5% in 1996 to 67% in 2007. Complete prenatal care coverage increased from 49% in 2000 to 90% in 2006, and postnatal coverage more than trebled from 27% in 2000 to 85% in 2006.ConclusionImproved services, community involvement and education, good coordination, and effective systems succeeded in reducing maternal mortality in a traditionally conservative environment.
Doppler analysis of uterine perfusion and ovarian stromal blood flow in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Adali Ertan , Kolusari Ali , Adali Fulya , Yildizhan Recep , Kurdoglu Mertihan , Sahin Hanim Guler 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate blood flow velocity in the ovarian stromal artery and uterine artery in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to correlate these velocities with clinical and biochemical parameters.MethodsA prospective study was carried out in 55 patients with PCOS and 42 age‐matched women who did not have PCOS. Clinical, biochemical, and hormonal characteristics, and utero–ovarian Doppler ultrasound blood flow parameters were determined, and correlations between the parameters were evaluated.ResultsOvarian stromal blood flow was higher (P < 0.01) and uterine perfusion was lower (P < 0.01) in women with PCOS compared with women who did not have PCOS. Ovarian stromal artery pulsatility index (PI) was inversely correlated with levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1, and with the luteinizing hormone/follicle‐stimulating hormone ratio. There was a positive correlation between uterine artery PI and DHEAS level.ConclusionDoppler analysis of the uterine and intraovarian arteries may provide additional information about the etiopathogenesis of PCOS and partly explain the clinical implications of the condition.
Evidence‐based maternal and perinatal healthcare practices in public hospitals in Argentina
Authors: Karolinski Ariel , Micone Paula , Mercer Raúl , Gibbons Luz , Althabe Fernando , Belizán José M. , Messina Analía , Lapidus Alicia , Correa Alberto , Taddeo Corina , Lambruschini Rodolfo , Bertin Marta , Dibiase Lucía , Montes Varela Dolores , Laterra Cristina 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the use of beneficial maternal and perinatal healthcare practices in a network of public maternity hospitals in Argentina.MethodA multicenter, prospective, descriptive study of 6661 deliveries in 9 hospitals. The use of 5 obstetric care practices that reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality was evaluated.ResultsMedian use rates for the selected practices were: continuous support for women during childbirth (17.9%); corticosteroids for preterm birth (35.3%); avoidance of episiotomy in primiparous women (41.2%); iron and folate supplementation (52.5%); active management of third stage of labor (93.5%).ConclusionThere is limited use of the selected evidence‐based maternal and perinatal practices in public hospitals in Argentina and a large variation in their use among and within hospitals. Efforts should be made to increase the use of these evidence‐based practices.
Uterine artery embolization versus laparoscopic occlusion of uterine vessels for management of symptomatic uterine fibroids
Authors: Ambat Sreekrishnakiran , Mittal Suneeta , Srivastava Deep N. , Misra Renu , Dadhwal Vatsla , Ghosh Bhaswati 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and complications of uterine artery embolization (UAE) versus laparoscopic occlusion of uterine vessels (LOUV) in the management of symptomatic fibroids.MethodsA pilot randomized clinical trial in which 20 patients with symptomatic fibroids were randomly allocated into two groups. Ten women underwent UAE, and 10 women underwent LOUV. Symptomatic improvement in menorrhagia and reduction in the volumes of the uterus and the fibroid were assessed at 3 and 6 months.ResultsThe patients were comparable with regard to age and parity. At 6 months, there was no significant difference in the mean reduction in menstrual blood loss, uterine volume, and volume of the dominant fibroid between the two groups (P = 0.436, P = 0.796, P = 1.00, respectively). However, higher pain scores were recorded on day 1 in the UAE group compared with the LOUV group (P = 0.0002).ConclusionsThe effects of UAE and LOUV in the management of symptomatic fibroids are comparable. The main advantage of LOUV is less postoperative pain compared with UAE.
Breastfeeding and contraception use among women with unplanned pregnancies less than 2 years after delivery
Authors: Tilley Ian B. , Shaaban Omar M. , Wilson Melissa , Glasier Anna , Mishell Daniel R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine breastfeeding and contraceptive use after the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) criteria were no longer met.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty‐three parous Egyptian women with unplanned pregnancies less than 2 years after delivery completed a questionnaire examining breastfeeding practice and contraceptive use.ResultsThe majority of women (81.5%) with unplanned pregnancies within 2 years of delivery were breastfeeding at conception. Of these women, 36.3% had used a method of contraception other than LAM compared with 60.5% of women who had weaned (P < 0.05). Among the breastfeeding women, 61.2% failed to use contraception because they believed breastfeeding would prevent pregnancy.ConclusionBreastfeeding women with unplanned pregnancies were less likely to have used contraception than women who had weaned, suggesting that prolonged breastfeeding contributes to unmet contraceptive need.
Obstetricians' opinions and attitudes toward maternal refusal of recommended cesarean delivery in Nigeria
Authors: Chigbu Chibuike O. , Ezenyeaku Cyril C. , Ezenkwele Eziamaka 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the opinions and attitudes of Nigerian obstetricians toward women's refusal of cesarean delivery.MethodWe used a questionnaire with 5 clinical scenarios drawn from published cases in which Nigerian women refused to undergo a recommended cesarean delivery.ResultsMost obstetricians (84.8%) advocated continuous counseling of these women but, from their response to the scenarios, few (13.7%–16.1%) would actually do so. Insufficient facilities and poor logistics for emergency obstetric care were their stated major reason for not respecting maternal choices in situations where vaginal delivery could have been given a chance.ConclusionThe possibility of providing emergency obstetric care would remove many indications for cesarean delivery from the list of absolute indications in Nigeria; and management guidelines would protect obstetricians in the event of litigation, and improve their acceptance and respect of maternal choice.
Effect of treatment with dydrogesterone or calcium plus vitamin D on the severity of premenstrual syndrome
Authors: Khajehei Marjan , Abdali Khadijeh , Parsanezhad Mohammad Ebrahim , Tabatabaee Hamid Reza 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of dydrogesterone and calcium plus vitamin D in women with severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS).MethodIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 180 Shiraz University students with PMS used questionnaires daily to rate their symptoms for 2 menstrual cycles. Then, the students were randomly assigned to take a tablet containing either 5 mg of dydrogesterone, 500 mg of calcium plus 200 mg of vitamin D, or a placebo twice daily from the 15th to the 24th day of the cycle for 2 more cycles, and to use the same questionnaires during the intervention cycles. The collected data were then analyzed by repeated‐measurement design and multilevel modeling tests.ResultTreatment with dydrogesterone or calcium plus vitamin D decreased symptom severity in a similar way (by 4.64% and 4.20%, respectively) and placebo was associated with a 3.42% decrease.ConclusionTreatment with dydrogesterone or calcium plus vitamin D had a similar effect on symptom severity in women with PMS.
Epitympanoplasty with mastoid obliteration technique: A long‐term study of results
Authors: Kang Myung‐Koo , Ahn Joong‐Ki , Gu Tae‐Woo , Han Chi‐Sung 
Published: February 2009

ObjectiveTo report the long‐term results of epitympanoplasty with mastoid obliteration technique.Subjects and MethodsTwo hundred adult cases had undergone epitympanoplasty with mastoid obliteration from December 1994 to May 2003. The mean postoperative observation period was 91 months, with a minimum of five years. Epitympanoplasty with mastoid obliteration technique has four major procedures: the widening of the external auditory canal and removal of the scutum; preservation of the posterior canal wall; epitympanoplasty; and mastoid obliteration. We examined postoperative complications and hearing outcomes.ResultsThere was no retraction pocket formation and recurrence of cholesteatoma. Residual cholesteatoma in the tympanic cavity was seen in 10 cases (5%) and three cases were seen in the mastoid cavity (1.5%). Other complications were otorrhea (15 cases), perforation (8 cases), material extrusion (6 cases), and posterior auricular infection (4 cases). The average preoperative pure tone air‐bone gap, postoperative pure tone air‐bone gap, and air‐bone gap closure were 31.5 ± 12.4 dB, 25.3 ± 12.2 dB, and 6.2 ± 12.6 dB, respectively. There were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative values (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe authors believe that epitympanoplasty with mastoid obliteration technique can combine the advantages of canal wall down and canal wall up techniques while improving their shortcomings.
Island arc–back-arc basin evolution: implications for Late Riphean–Early Paleozoic geodynamic history of the Sayan–Baikal folded area
Authors: Zorin Yu.A. , Sklyarov E.V. , Belichenko V.G. , Mazukabzov A.M. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We suggest a more rigorous approach to paleogeodynamic reconstructions of the Sayan-Baikal folded area proceeding from update views of the origin and evolution of island arcs and back-arc basins. Modern island arcs and attendant back-arc basins form mainly by trench rollback caused by progressive subduction of negatively buoyant thick and cold oceanic slabs. Slab stagnation upsets the dynamic equilibrium in the subduction system, which accelerates the rollback. As a result, a continental volcanic arc transforms into an island arc, with oceanic crust production in the back-arc basin behind it. As subduction progresses, the island arc and the back-arc basin may deform, and fold-thrust structures, with the involved back-arc basin and island arc complexes, may accrete to the continent (accretion and collision) without participation of large colliding blocks. When applied to the Sayan–Baikal area, the model predicts that the Riphean and Vendian–Early Paleozoic back-arc basins were more active agents in the regional geologic history than it was thought before. They were deposition areas of sedimentary and volcanosedimentary complexes and then became the scene of collision and accretion events, including folding, metamorphism, and plutonism.
Optimization fitting of the eccentric dipole models to the observed geomagnetic field
Authors: Ladynin A.V. , Popova A.A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We have obtained formulas to calculate the field components of an eccentric dipole (ED) with an arbitrarily directed moment from specified coordinates of the dipole center and from its moment vector. With these formulas, the model dipole position was fitted to the observed geomagnetic field, and the approximation accuracy was estimated according to the standard deviation from IGRF along the X, Y, and Z components; the fitting procedure was checked in several tests.
We computed the ED parameters (position and moment orientation) and harmonic coefficients of the ED field for 50 years using surface IGRF components, discovered some changes, and compared them with those according to the Schmidt eccentric dipole model. It was found that the nondipolar contributions to the geomagnetic field increase as the dipole field decays with time, and the dipole center drifts northand eastward away from the Earth’s gravity center.
The main contribution of the dipole part in the Gaussian spherical harmonic expansion of the geomagnetic field turned out to come from the terms with n of 1 to 5 rather than from two first terms, and the contribution of higher harmonics increases with time. Therefore, the Schmidt ED approximation based on the first eight Gauss coefficients (n≤ 2) must have only relative significance indicating changes of the parameters. On the other hand, world magnetic anomalies (WMA) show up already in two first Gauss terms rather than since the third term as it has been commonly assumed.