bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapy with the hsp60 peptide DiaPep277™ in C‐peptide positive type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Huurman Volkert A. L. , Decochez Katelijn , Mathieu Chantal , Cohen Irun R. , Roep Bart O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes results from a T‐cell mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin‐producing pancreatic beta‐cells. The 60‐kDa heat‐shock protein (hsp60) is one of the known target self‐antigens. An immunogenic peptide from hsp60, p277, arrested beta‐cell destruction and maintained insulin production in newly diabetic non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. A randomized, double‐blind, phase Ib/II study of peptide treatment was undertaken in recent onset type 1 diabetes patients with remaining insulin production.MethodsForty‐eight recent onset type 1 diabetes patients were assigned subcutaneous injections of 0.2, 1.0 or 2.5 mg peptide DiaPep277 (n = 12 per dosage) at entry, and 1, 6 and 12 months, or four placebo injections (n = 12). The primary clinical endpoints were safety and efficacy (glucagon‐stimulated C‐peptide production at 6 and 12 months); secondary endpoints were HbA1c levels and daily insulin dose adjusted for body weight at 2, 6, 12 and 18 months.ResultsC‐peptide levels decreased over time in all groups except the 2.5 mg‐treated. The decrease in C‐peptide production was less in treated patients versus placebo, mostly in the 2.5 mg group. HbA1c increased significantly in the 1.0 mg group and in the 2.5 mg group at 2 and 18 months, respectively. No differences were seen in daily insulin doses. One patient was withdrawn from the study possibly owing to a treatment‐related adverse event.ConclusionsMultiple DiaPep277 peptide administration seems safe and may have a beneficial effect on C‐peptide levels over time, but this finding is not supported by lower HbA1c levels or daily insulin requirement. Further investigation on a larger scale is warranted. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macrophages promote collagen fibrillogenesis around terminal end buds of the developing mammary gland
Authors: Ingman Wendy V. , Wyckoff Jeff , Gouon‐Evans Valerie , Condeelis John , Pollard Jeffrey W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDevelopment of the ductal network in the mammary gland is dependent in part on the presence of macrophages. Here we utilize multi‐photon microscopy and second harmonic generation to describe terminal end bud 3‐dimensional structure and the organization of the surrounding collagen matrix. We have applied this approach to analyze the effect of macrophage deficiency on terminal end bud structure and collagen organization, using mice homozygous for a null mutation in the colony stimulating factor‐1 gene (Csf1op/Csf1op). Primary terminal end buds have an oblong shape, with long collagen I fibers close to the neck of the terminal end bud and radiating upwards in the direction of growth. Around the terminal end buds, the amount of total collagen I detected by antibody staining was not affected by macrophage deficiency. However the amount of collagen I organized into long fibers, detected by second harmonic generation signal, was reduced in Csf1op/Csf1op mice. Macrophage deficiency also caused terminal end buds to be rounder and shorter. These studies reveal a role for macrophages in collagen fibrillogenesis and in organization of the structure of terminal end buds. Developmental Dynamics 235:3222–3229, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methyltestosterone efficiently induces male development in the self‐fertilizing hermaphrodite fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus
Authors: Kanamori Akira , Yamamura Aki , Koshiba Satoshi , Lee Jae‐Seong , Orlando Edward F. , Hori Hiroshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA hermaphrodite fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, is the only known vertebrate that reproduces by self‐fertilization. In nature, males have been rarely observed. Low‐temperature treatment during late embryonic stages is known to induce males but its efficacy is variable. Here we report that 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT) treatment of the embryos converted most of the fish to males. We examined a time course of this male induction with histological and marker gene expression analyses. Oogenesis started in the gonads of the control embryo at hatching; spermatogenesis did not start until two months after hatching. In the MT‐treated fish, oogenesis started initially as in the control but stopped completely within one month after hatching. Instead, spermatogonial proliferation started earlier than in the control fish and progressed to full spermatogenesis. Expression profiles of the sex‐specific marker genes corresponded well with histological observations. From one month after hatching, expression of an oocyte‐specific marker, figα, and a testicular somatic cell marker, dmrt1, started to increase in the control and in the MT‐treated fish, respectively. genesis 44:495–503, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential of human serum albumin as chiral selector of basic drugs in affinity electrokinetic chromatography‐partial filling technique
Authors: Martínez‐Gómez Maria A. , Villanueva‐Camañas R. M. , Sagrado Salvador , Medina‐Hernández Maria J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe enantiomeric resolution of compounds using HSA by means of affinity EKC (AEKC)‐partial filling technique is the result of a delicate balance between different experimental variables such as protein concentration, running pH (background electrophoretic buffer (BGE), protein, and compound solutions), and plug length. In this paper, the possibility of using HSA as chiral selector for enantioseparation of 28 basic drugs using this methodology is studied. The effect of the physicochemical parameters, the structural properties of compounds, and compound–HSA protein binding percentages over their chiral resolution with HSA is outlined. Based on the results obtained, a decision tree is proposed for the “a priori” prediction of the capability of HSA for enantioseparation of basic drugs in AEKC. The results obtained indicated that enantioresolution of basic compounds with HSA depends on the hydrophobicity, polarity, and molar volume of compounds.
Family income, parenting styles and child behavioural–emotional outcomes
Authors: Dooley Martin , Stewart Jennifer 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA positive relationship between income and child outcomes has been observed in data from numerous countries. A key question concerns the extent to which this association represents a causal relationship as opposed to unobserved heterogeneity. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth to implement a series of empirical strategies for estimating the existence and size of the effect of income on behavioural–emotional outcomes. We also examine the role of parenting style. Our results indicate that there is little evidence of an effect of income on behavioural–emotional scores. The exclusion of parenting style from the models was found to not bias the estimated income effect, but parenting style was found to have a consistent impact on child outcomes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sectoral labour supply, choice restrictions and functional form
Authors: Dagsvik John K. , StrØm Steinar 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper we discuss a general framework for analysing labour supply behaviour in the presence of complicated budget and quantity constraints, of which some are unobserved. The individual's labour supply decision is viewed as a choice from a set of discrete alternatives (jobs). These jobs are characterized by attributes such as hours of work, sector‐specific wages and other sector‐specific aspects of the jobs.The labour supply model for married women is estimated on Norwegian data. Wage elasticities and the outcome of a tax reform experiment show that overall labour supply is moderately elastic, but these modest overall responses shadow for much stronger inter‐sectoral changes. Our model is compared with a discrete choice model in which the utility is assumed to be a polynomial. We show that our estimated model has a more economically sensible interpretation and fits the data as well as the alternative approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐parametric estimation of consumption‐based equivalence scales: the case of Germany
Authors: Wilke Ralf A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractConsumption‐based equivalence scales are estimated by applying the extended partially linear model (EPLM) to the 1998 German Income and Consumption Survey (EVS). In this model the equivalence scales are identified from nonlinearities in household demand. The econometric framework should not therefore impose strong restrictions on the functional forms of household expenditure shares. The chosen semi‐parametric specification meets this requirement. It is flexible, it yields$\sqrt{N}$‐consistent parameter estimates and it is consistent with consumer theory. Estimated equivalence scales are below or in the range of the expert equivalence scales of the German social benefits system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender, ethnicity, development, and risk: Mentoring and the consideration of individual differences
Authors: Darling Nancy , Bogat G. Anne , Cavell Timothy A. , Murphy Susan Elaine , Sánchez Bernadette 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIndividual differences shape the needs and characteristics of protégés, the processes through which mentoring may influence protégés' developmental trajectories, and the social networks into which the mentors enter. The literature on the influences of gender, ethnicity, and age on mentoring is reviewed and discussed as examples of how mentoring programs may have different influences on, and outcomes for, specific groups of youth. A focus on individual differences will help facilitate the development of mentoring programs that create a close fit between the needs of protégés and the services offered by the programs, as well as greater insight into what are the key elements of program effectiveness. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of changes in optical fibers during arc‐fusion splicing by use of quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Dragomir N.M. , Ampen‐Lassen E. , Baxter G.W. , Pace P. , Huntington S.T. , Farrell P.M. , Stevenson A.J. , Roberts A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA non‐interferometric imaging technique in conjunction with Abel inversion is used to directly and quantitatively examine the changes in optical fibers due to the heating produced during arc‐fusion splicing as a function of fusion arc parameters. Phase images in the vicinity of a fusion splice are obtained using Quantitative Phase Microscopy, allowing the refractive‐index change to be reconstructed with high spatial resolution. This simple, nondestructive method confirms that, for a fixed arc current, while the fusion time increases, the refractive‐index of both fiber cores within the fusion region decreases in magnitude, the core region broadens, and the axial gradient decreases. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phototoxicity and fluorotoxicity combine to alter the behavior of neutrophils in fluorescence microscopy based flow adhesion assays
Authors: Smith Emily , Lally Frank , Stone Michael A. , Shaw John S. , Nash Gerard B. , Buckley Christopher D. , Ed Rainger G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe use of fluorescent probes that allow visualization of leukocyte‐endothelial cell (EC) interactions has greatly informed our understanding of leukocyte recruitment. However, effects of these agents on the biological functions of leukocytes are poorly described, leading to concerns about the interpretation of such data. Here we used two flow‐based neutrophil adhesion assays to compare the effects of phase contrast illumination (PCI) with high intensity illumination (HII) used for fluorescent microscopy, in the presence or absence of five commonly used fluorochromes. Isolated neutrophils were either (1) perfused across P‐selectin to establish a population of rolling cells, which were subsequently activated with fMLP; or (2) perfused across EC activated with TNF‐α. In the absence of fluorescent dyes, HII did not affect levels of leukocyte adhesion; however, subsequent neutrophil behavior was dramatically altered when compared with cells under PCI, for example, dramatically reducing their migration velocities. In the presence of fluorescent dyes, the effects of HII were exacerbated, although the precise nature of the biological effects of these probes was agent specific. Thus, for the first time, our experiments describe the effects of fluorescent microscopy on the separate stages of the neutrophil recruitment process and reveal a previously unsuspected effect of HII on neutrophil migration. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What are the relations between mechanics, gait parameters, and energetics in terrestrial locomotion?
Authors: Hoyt Donald F. , Wickler Steven J. , Dutto Darren J. , Catterfeld Gwenn E. , Johnsen Devin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAre the different energy‐conserving mechanics (i.e., pendulum and spring) used in different gaits reflected in differences in energetics and/or stride parameters? The analysis included published data from several species and new data from horses. When changing from pendulum to spring mechanics, there is a change in the slope of metabolic rate (MR) vs. speed in all species, in birds and quadrupeds there is no step increase, and in humans there are conflicting reports. At the trot–gallop transition, where quadrupeds are hypothesized to change from spring mechanics to some combination of spring and pendulum mechanics, there is a change in slope of MR vs. speed in horses but not in other species. Stride frequency (SF) is a logarithmic function of walking speed in all species, a linear function of trotting/running speed, and nearly independent of speed in galloping. In humans and horses there is a discontinuity in SF at the walk–trot (run) transition but not in birds. The slope of time of contact vs. speed does not change with mechanics in most species, but it does in humans. In horses and humans, there is a discontinuity at the walk–trot (run) transition and data for other species do not permit generalization. Duty factor (DF) in humans is greater than 0.5 in walking (pendulum mechanics) and less than 0.5 when running (spring mechanics). However, this is not true in many species that have DF>0.5 at the lowest speeds where they use spring mechanics. When trotting at low speeds, horses use forelimb DF>0.5 and hind limb DF<0.5. Thus, it is confusing to distinguish between walking and running by DF. J. Exp. Zool. 305A, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic coil selection for real‐time imaging in interventional MRI
Authors: Müller Sven , Umathum Reiner , Speier Peter , Zühlsdorff Sven , Ley Sebastian , Semmler Wolfhard , Bock Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMR‐guided intravascular interventions require image update rates of up to 10 images per second, which can be achieved using parallel imaging. However, parallel imaging requires many coil elements, which increases reconstruction times and thus compromises real‐time image reconstruction. In this study a dynamic coil selection (DCS) algorithm is presented that selects a subset of receive coils to reduce image reconstruction times. The center‐of‐sensitivity coordinates and the relative signal intensities are determined for each coil in a prescan. During the intervention m coils are selected for reconstruction using a coil ranking based on the distance to the current slice or catheter position. In a phantom experiment for m = 6, an optimal signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) was achieved and foldover artifacts were avoided. In three animal experiments involving catheter manipulation in the aorta and the right heart chamber, the anatomy was successfully visualized at frame rates of about 5 Hz using active catheter tracking. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proton MRI as a noninvasive tool to assess elastase‐induced lung damage in spontaneously breathing rats
Authors: Quintana Harry Karmouty , Cannet Catherine , Zurbruegg Stefan , Blé François‐Xavier , Fozard John R. , Page Clive P. , Beckmann Nicolau 
Published: October 2006

AbstractElastase‐induced changes in lung morphology and function were detected in spontaneously breathing rats using conventional proton MRI at 4.7 T. A single dose of porcine pancreatic elastase (75 U/100 g body weight) or vehicle (saline) was administered intratracheally (i.t.) to male Brown Norway (BN) rats. MRI fluid signals were detected in the lungs 24 hr after administration of elastase and resolved within 2 weeks. These results correlated with perivascular edema and cellular infiltration observed histologically. Reductions in MRI signal intensity of the lung parenchyma, and increases in lung volume were detected as early as 2 weeks following elastase administration and remained uniform throughout the study, which lasted 8 weeks. Observations were consistent with air trapping resulting from emphysema detected histologically. In a separate experiment, animals were treated daily intraperitoneally (i.p.) with all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA; 500 μg/kg body weight) or its vehicle (triglyceride oil) starting on day 21 after elastase administration and continuing for 12 days. Under these conditions, ATRA did not elicit a reversal of elastase‐induced lung damage as measured by MRI and histology. The present approach complements other validated applications of proton MRI in experimental lung research as a method for assessing drugs in rat models of respiratory diseases. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T measurement during first‐pass contrast‐enhanced cardiac perfusion imaging
Authors: Kellman Peter , Aletras Anthony H. , Hsu Li‐yueh , McVeigh Elliot R. , Arai Andrew E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFirst‐pass contrast‐enhanced (CE) myocardial perfusion imaging will experience T effects at peak concentrations of contrast agent. A reduction in the signal intensity of left ventricular (LV) blood due to T losses may effect estimates of the arterial input function (AIF) used for quantitative perfusion measurement. Imaging artifacts may also result from T losses as well as off‐resonance due to the bolus susceptibility. We hypothesized that T losses would not be significant for measurement of the AIF in full‐dose studies using a short echo time (TE = 0.6 ms). The purpose of this study was to directly measure T in the LV cavity during first‐pass perfusion. For single‐dose Gd‐DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg at 5 ml/s), the LV blood pool T had a mean value of 9 ms (N = 10) at peak enhancement. Distortion of the AIF due to T signal intensity loss will be less than 10% using TE = 0.6 ms. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measures of dyspnea in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Lechtzin Noah , Lange Dale J. , Davey Cynthia , Becker Brian , Mitsumoto Hiroshi ,   HFCWO Study Group
Published: October 2006

AbstractRespiratory symptoms are not well characterized in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The baseline dyspnea index (BDI) and transition dyspnea index (TDI) are indices designed to measure change in dyspnea over time. They are easy to administer and do not inquire about specific physical tasks. The latter makes these scales particularly well suited for use in ALS. This study evaluated the ability of the BDI and TDI to measure dyspnea in 46 subjects with ALS. The BDI/TDI had excellent reproducibility. The TDI detected worsening dyspnea by 4 weeks and declined significantly more over the subsequent 8 weeks. The TDI was significantly associated with changes in forced vital capacity and appeared more sensitive to changes in dyspnea than the ALS functional rating scale–respiratory subscale (ALS‐FRS R) and a visual analog scale of breathlessness. The BDI and TDI thus appear to be useful measures in ALS and may have both clinical and research applications. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Disrupted galectin‐3 causes non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in male mice
Authors: Nomoto K , Tsuneyama K , Abdel Aziz HO , Takahashi H , Murai Y , Cui Z‐G , Fujimoto M , Kato I , Hiraga K , Hsu DK , Liu F‐T , Takano Y 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGalectin‐3, a β‐galactoside‐binding animal lectin, is a multifunctional protein. Previous studies have suggested that galectin‐3 may play an important role in inflammatory responses. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized as a liver condition that may progress to end‐stage liver disease and based on the known functions of galectin‐3, it was hypothesized that galectin‐3 might play a role in the development of NAFLD. Thus, this study investigated the role of galectin‐3 in NAFLD by comparing galectin‐3 knockout (gal3−/−) mice and wild‐type (gal3+/+) mice. The livers of gal3−/− male mice at 6 months of age histologically displayed mild to severe fatty change. The liver weight per body weight ratio, serum alanine aminotransferase levels, liver triglyceride levels, and liver lipid peroxide in gal3−/− mice were significantly increased compared with those in gal3+/+ mice. Furthermore, the hepatic protein levels of advanced glycation end‐products (AGE), receptor for AGE (RAGE), and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were increased in gal3−/− mice relative to gal3+/+ mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that the absence of gal3 can cause clinico‐pathological features in male mice similar to those of NAFLD. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The presence of an intronic deletion in p73 and high levels of ZEB1 alter the TAp73/ΔTAp73 ratio in colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Domínguez G , Peña C , Silva J , García JM , García V , Rodríguez R , Cantos B , Citores MJ , España P , Bonilla F 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTAp73 variants largely mimic p53 suppressor activities, while ΔTAp73 forms act as oncogenes through the inactivation of p53 and TAp73. The present study analysed how TAp73 and ΔTAp73 levels might be affected by the presence of a 73 bp deletion in a regulatory region of p73. The clinical relevance of this deletion was also examined. ZEB1 can bind to the region repressing p73 transcription in vitro. The relationship between ZEB1 and p73 variant expression levels was studied in the context of this deletion and the levels of the ZEB1 cofactors p300 and CtBP. Tumour and normal tissue from 81 colorectal cancer patients was analysed to evaluate firstly the levels of TAp73, ΔTAp73 (ΔEx2p73, ΔEx2/3p73, and ΔNp73), ZEB1, p300, and CtBP by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR, and secondly the presence of the 73 bp deletion. Tumour characteristics were examined in each patient. Suppressor and oncogenic isoforms of p73 were co‐up‐regulated in tumour tissues. Overexpression of p73 variants was associated with adverse tumour features. The 73 bp deletion was present in 40% of the patients and was associated with adverse pathological parameters of the tumours and also with TAp73 down‐regulation. In those cases harbouring the deletion, the levels of ZEB1 and those of ΔEx2p73, ΔEx2/3p73, and ΔNp73 correlated directly. Variations in the concentration of p300 affected the observed correlations between ZEB1 and the different p73 variants. In conclusion, in colorectal cancer, the 73 bp deletion in the first intron of the p73 gene and different expression levels of ZEB1 and p300 may act in concert to affect the ratio of TAp73/ΔTAp73 forms, favouring p73 oncogenic variants. In addition, up‐regulation of p73 oncogenic isoforms predicts a poor prognosis based on its relationship with advanced tumour stage. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.