bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The value of routine proctosigmoidoscopy in hospitalized patients
Authors: Arana Victor , Larson George E. , Mota Carlos R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvaluation of 1000 consecutive proctosigmoidoscopy examinations performed for the first time in patients admitted to the surgical service of the Veterans Administration Hospital of Lincoln, Nebraska, is presented. Of 143 lesions, 21 were considered malignant. Eight symptomatic patients were found with cancerous lesions. Barium enema studies did not result in significant additional findings. Comparison with results of other investigators and with programs to detect carcinoma of the cervix is made to emphasize the value of proctosigmoidoscopy in the detection of cancer of the rectosigmoid area.
The effect of prolactin on organ weights and zinc‐65 uptake in male baboons
Authors: Schoonees R. , de Klerk J. N. , Murphy G. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProlactin in the dosage schedule employed affects the metabolism of zinc‐65 as indicated by a reduced uptake of this isotope by most tissues examined following the intravenous administration of Zn65Cl2. In this study, however, no evidence was found of a direct effect of prolactin on the prostate in the intact adult male Chacma baboon.
The rising incidence of carcinoma of the pancreas—real or apparent?
Authors: Krain Lawrence Stirling 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn analysis of mortality statistics for the United States and selected countries was undertaken to determine whether there was a real or apparent rise in pancreatic cancer for the period 1910 through 1968. The rise was found to be real and threefold in magnitude when adjustments were made for the aging of the population. Rising percentage of histologic confirmation through time, increasing diagnostic accuracy, and classification change practices were all factors discussed, but discarded, as reasons for the rise. A literature review of real causes or associations for pancreatic cancer was performed and indicated that only the data on industrial carcinogen exposure and cigarette smoking show both the trend and the statistical magnitude of association to consider them as real causes or associations. A broader epidemiological approach is advisable both in considering other experimental associations and in tracing specific chemicals in cigarette smoke and industrial exposure.
Effect of glucagon in hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Vanderwall D. A. , Stowe N. T. , Spangenberg R. , Hook J. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGlucagon has been shown to selectively increase renal blood flow in anesthetized dogs. This observation coupled with the known ability of the hormone to increase cardiac output suggested that this agent might be beneficial in the acute treatment of shock. The purpose of this study was to correlate changes in cardiac output and renal blood flow in response to intravenous infusions of glucagon during hemorrhagic shock in the dog. Cardiac output and renal blood flow were monitored simultaneously on a square‐wave electromagnetic flowmeter with probes placed around the ascending aorta and left renal artery. Shock was produced by bleeding to a constant systolic pressure of 70 mm Hg. After a 60‐min stabilization period, glucagon was infused, intravenously for 30 min at 0.5 or 1 μg/kg/min. The drug produced a rapid increase in heart rate, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and renal blood flow. Most responses dissipated within 30 min after discounting the infusion. Following reinfusion of the shed blood, glucagon increased heart rate but did not increase cardiac output. Renal blood flow was either increased or unchanged. In the normovolemic animals the effect of glucagon on the kidney was reflected as a marked fall in renal vascular resistance. Total peripheral resistance did not fall. It is concluded that glucagon has potential usefulness in clinical situations in which cardiac output and renal blood flow are compromised.
The lymph node barrier to viable tumor cells before and after irradiation
Authors: Ujiki G. T. , O'Brien P. H. , Moss W. T. , Putong P. , Towne W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of ionizing irradiation on the barrier function of the rabbit popliteal lymph node was studied using the V2 rabbit carcinoma. The popliteal lymph node acted as an effective barrier to viable V2 tumor cells for 2–3 weeks. Three weeks after tumor infusion, distant tumor growth was significantly increased in rabbits receiving 1000 rad and 3000 rad to the popliteal node. Six weeks after tumor infusion, all three groups had similar incidences of distant tumor growth. The number of tumor takes was similar in all groups. However, the tumor mass in the irradiated popliteal node was markedly smaller than the tumor mass in the control node at 3 weeks and 6 weeks. The earlier presence of tumor in the pelvic nodes of the irradiated rabbit may be dependent on the following factors: (a) irradiation decreased the barrier function of the lymph node, or (b) the irradiated lymph node was unable to retain growing cancer cells for the same length of time as the normal node. This effect of irradiation on the lymph node may be only a transient influence.
Effect of anemia and polycythemia on growth of A mel 4 in hamsters
Authors: Bartos Henry R. , Rogers Lloyd S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies indicated that hyperbaric oxygenation (HPO) decreased growth of transplanted A Mel 4 in hamsters. The present study was designed to determine if the effect of HPO might be on the level of a growth‐promoting hormone whose release is sensitive to tissue oxygen concentration. No difference in tumor growth was observed when polycythemic and anemic hamsters were compared. This observation makes it unlikely that a hormonal factor is operative in the HPO effect, and lends further credence to the hypothesis that HPO is directly toxic to tumor tissue.
The valsalva maneuver as a clinical test for circulatory congestion in chronic uremia
Authors: Mostert J. W. , Evers J. L. , Hobika G. H. , Moore R. H. , Kenny G. M. , Murphy G. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐four hemodynamic studies were carried out in 19 patients with chronic renal failure in the azotemic state, as well as 16 studies in 16 surgical patients who did not have renal disease but who exhibited some degree of pulmonary insufficiency. The results show that the hyperdynamic circulatory state associated with both diseases can be differentiated only by the anemia of chronic uremia and the frequent radiological evidence of interstitial pulmonary edema associated with hypervolemia. It is clear from these data that a physician is readily able to ascertain hypervolemia and interstitial pulmonary edema with the ordinary sphygmomanometer at the bedside of a chronically uremic patient. Possible mechanisms of the hemodynamic response to chronic renal failure as ascertained in this study are discussed.
Growth retardant properties of liver extract
Authors: Henderson I. W. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to relate the tissue growth retardant properties of crude cell sap preparations or chalones, to an effect by a compound of known chemical structure, an extract of normal rat liver known to contain a small five‐ or six‐carbon molecule with at least one carbonyl group has been tested against normal and neoplastic liver. The measured parameters, DNA, RNA, and protein syntheses, using radioactive precursors were those closely concerned with replication and growth. Inhibition of all three syntheses were shown. In normal tissue the inhibition after a single dose lasted for 3 hr, after which the tissue returned to control values. In the case of the Novikoff hepatoma, the values returned to control levels after 1 hr. Analysis of data related to varying concentrations and times demonstrates maximal inhibition at a low concentration range. At high concentrations there is less inhibition. The kinetic plot suggests simple tissue degradation. At −20 C the extract is stable for 3 weeks. In aqueous solution at 0 C, activity is lost after a few days.
Hemodynamic determinants of cardiogenic shock
Authors: Misra S. N. , Stanley E. L. , Kezdi P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighteen healthy mongrel dogs were continuously monitored after induction of myocardial infarction and shock by selective injection of 0.2 ml of metallic mercury into the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Seven of the dogs expired within 48 h. Among the rest, the longest survival was 11 days, with an average of 5 days. Left ventricular d P/dt max. was the best parameter in differentiating the severity of shock in these two groups of dogs. The decrease of d P/dt was significantly greater over the period of monitoring in the expired dogs, indicating a marked depression of myocardial contractility as the cause of their death. These dogs also had a larger infarct weight at postmortem. By the fourth hour of monitoring, 40% decrease in d P/dt max., along with similar changes in cardiac output and stroke volume, helped in early diagnosis of pump failure in the expired animals. In contrast, the surviving animals showed in all the hemodynamic parameters a distinct trend of improvement by the fifth hour. Therefore, measurement of left ventricular pressure is important in early diagnosis and prognosis in cardiogenic shock. Based on these observations, we have proposed a plan for institution of therapy in cardiogenic shock. The significance of these observations is discussed.
The effect of lymphocyte depletion by continuous flow centrifugation in canine renal allotransplants
Authors: Murphy G. P. , Williams P. D. , Brede H. D. , Mirand E. A. , Groenewald J. H. , Weber H. W. , Grace J. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe NCI‐IBM continuous flow separator was adapted for use in untreated dog renal allotransplants. Studies in 39 dogs demonstrated that a 2‐hr period at 1000 rpm with regional heparinization and temporary femoral vessel cannulation would be tolerated. Follow‐up hematological studies demonstrated that during the 2‐hr treatment an average of 19.4 ± 109 white cells were collected. These contained an average of 7.4 × 109 lymphocytes. Red cells and platelet levels were not markedly affected in treated dogs. This leukopheresis treatment was then employed once in 14 untreated dog renal allotransplants either pretransplant, or at days 1–4 or 5–7 post‐transplant. Eight other renal allotransplants were splenectomized 2 weeks previously and similarly leukopheresed at one of the three treatment periods. Twelve untreated dog renal allografts survived 9.2 ± 0.2 days (± 1 se). Pretransplant leukopheresis dogs survived 7.8 ± 1.5 days. Dogs leukopheresed during 5–7 days post‐transplant survived 16.0 ± 2.7 days (p < 0.01). All splenectomized dogs leukopheresed pre‐ or post‐transplant had survival rates less than 12.8 ± 3.1 days. Fifteen azathioprine‐treated (5 mg/kg/IM) dog renal transplants lived 14.6 ± 0.67 days. Mechanical leukopheresis thus prolongs renal allograft survival, probably by suppressing lymphocyte levels. The effect is limited. Humoral factors are not affected. The leukopheresis effect is most beneficial at the fifth to seventh day after renal transplant, and it is not improved by prior splenectomy.
Facilitated metastatic distribution of the Walker 256 tumor in sprague‐dawley rats with hydrocortisone and/or cyclophosphamide
Authors: Sugarbaker Everett V. , Cohen Alfred M. , Ketcham Alfred S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe strain of Walker 256 tumor studied metastasized readily and preferentially to the lungs. Cyclophosphamide or hydrocortisone significantly increases extrapulmonary metastasis formation when 'cytostatic' therapy is begun when the primary tumor has reached 2.0‐2.5 cm in size. Drug mortality excluded, survival in animals treated with cyclophosphamide decreases despite a temporary retardation of the primary tumor growth rate. This decreased survival correlates with an increase in the number of pulmonary metastases and more widespread organ distribution of metastases. It is hypothesized that suppression of the host immune response by an alkylating agent and/or hydrocortisone was the likely mechanism involved, although localization of tumor cells at sites of chemical inflammation and other mechanisms have not been excluded. These data provide ancillary evidence for the hypothesis that the immune mechanism controls, at least in part, the formation of metastasis from circulating and/ or dormant tumor cells, particularly in organs which are not sites of preferential metastasis.
Response of localized melanoma to intra‐arterial dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide: A case report
Authors: Savlov Edwin D. , Hall Thomas C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case is presented of long‐term survival with metastatic melanoma since 1954. Metastatic disease in the lower extremity has been controlled for 7 years following isolation perfusions with alkylating agents. A further metastasis in the left buttock was eradicated by internal iliac artery infusion with dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide, the first reported use of this agent intra‐arterially.
‘Hot’ hepatic hemangioma: A unique radiocolloid‐concentrating liver scan lesion
Authors: Volpe Joseph A. , Johnston Gerald S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe unique case is reported of a liver hemangioma which appeared on scintiscan as an area of increased concentration of radiogold—‐a ‘hot’ lesion. The scintiscan appearance described is explained by the presence of increased amounts of reticuloendothelial tissue in the tumor over that in the surrounding normal tissue. The usual scan picture of liver hemangioma is that of a ‘cold’ lesion.
Relationship between rejection and organ blood flow in sensitized and nonsensitized cardiac and renal grafts
Authors: Osteen Robert T. , Ebert Paul A. , Rowlands David T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArterial flow to cervical renal and cardiac allografts was measured by use of a magnetic flowmeter. No immunosuppression therapy was administered, and flow was monitored until organ function ceased. Flow through kidney grafts remained relatively constant for 2 days with a 10% increase on days 3 and 4 and then a progressive decrease in flow until rejection. Cervical cardiac grafts showed a similar increase in flow on days 3, 4, and 5 with a less marked decrease until rejection. In presumably sensitized animals, this increase in flow was not observed, and a more constant organ flow was observed without reduction until rejection. These data show that there is an increase in flow through heart and kidney grafts at days 3 and 4 which suggests a decrease in vascular resistance or opening of collateral vessels. The later decrease in flow or increase in vascular resistance correlates with the stage of cellular infiltration and may represent an actual obstructive characteristic to flow in the small arterioles. Rejection in sensitized grafts occurs without significant alteration in organ blood flow.
Respiratory failure in acute pancreatitis. I. The biophysical characteristics of lungs in experimental pancreatitis
Authors: Bolooki Hooshang , Minkowitz Stanley , Giammona Samuel T. , Jude James R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour percent of patients with acute pancreatitis develop an acute form of respiratory overwork and die within 24 hr. To elucidate the basic physiology of this respiratory failure in a group of dogs after production of acute pancreatitis, the respiratory functions and mechanics were studied and were compared with dogs undergoing sham operation. The results showed diminished pulmonary tissue recoil accompanied by deficiency in gas exchange after acute pancreatitis. The minute respiratory volume and oxygen uptake were increased in the presence of a large pulmonary venoarterial shunt. This was associated with hypoxemia and carbon dioxide retention which could be corrected with respiratory assistance by using a volume‐controlled respirator. In clinical states any evidence of respiratory overwork and decreased Po2 should be considered as a warning sign of this malignant complication of acute pancreatitis.
Transoral and transverse incision for excision of the maxillary sinus
Authors: Rush Benjamin F. , Knightly John J. , Jewell William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor many years, the Weber‐Fergusson incision has been the standard approach for removing part or all of the maxillary sinus. Exposure is excellent and cosmetic results are generally gratifying. As our experience with these procedures has increased, we have found that the lower half or two thirds of the maxilla can be just as easily resected transorally, avoiding any facial incision. The initial incision is made in the gingivo‐buccal sulcus and is extended beyond the midline to include some of the sulcus on the contralateral side. The nasal cartilages are cut and the soft tissues of the middle one third of the face can be lifted up like a curtain to expose the maxilla. For lesions of the entire maxilla involving the orbital plate and requiring orbital exenteration, the only facial incision required is a 6–8 cm transverse extension from the lateral angle of the palpebral fissure. The bridge of soft tissue bounded by the mouth below and the palpebral fissure plus the lateral extension above can be retracted up and down to expose the underlying maxilla during its excision. Any risk of poor reapproximation of the lip with notching is avoided. These approaches are especially valuable if heavy radiation predisposing to incisional breakdown has preceded operation.
Erythropoietin activity in anephric humans given prolonged androgen treatment
Authors: Mirand Edwin A. , Murphy Gerald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnephric male and female patients maintained on chronic hemodialysis programs have significant levels of extrarenal erythropoietin (ESF) activity. This extrarenal ESF activity is responsive to sustained high‐dose androgen treatment. However, the response cannot be maintained, and this is also reflected in the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. A rebound or ESF overshoot was observed after androgen therapy in renoprival patients as well as in a uremic patient with intact and diseased kidneys. Extrarenal ESF is not only detectable in plasma but also in thoracic lymph fluid from anephric patients subjected to androgen therapy.
The effect of L‐fucose on rat mammary tumor growth. II. In vitro studies
Authors: Roseman James M. , Miller Elizabeth , Seltzer Murray H. , Wolfe Daniel , Rosato Francis E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDifferent concentrations of L‐fucose uniformly produced a suppression in the growth rate and a change in the morphology of cells grown in tissue culture. The inhibition of growth of these malignant cells was found to he concentration dependent with 100% inhibition of growth at a concentration of 50 mg fucose per milliliter of medium and 60% inhibition at a concentration of 12.5 mg fucose per milliliter medium. Using other sugars that are components of the glycoproteins, it was shown that mannose and galactose could also depress the rate of growth of these tumor cells in culture. When 0.05 ml of packed tumor cells used in these experiments was resuspended in 1 ml of medium and injected into a rat, a tumor grew at the site of injection. This new tumor exhibited similar growth characteristics and showed the same histological appearance as the tumor from which the cell line was derived.
Experience with lung reimplantation in the dog
Authors: Takita H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperience with autotransplantation of the lung in 30 dogs is presented. The dog can be used for experimental lung transplantation, but it has been extremely difficult to establish a suitable experimental model, Reimplanted lungs of the dog often fail to function normally because of complications involving the vascular and bronchial anastomoses. An angioplastic procedure is essential for the pulmonary arterial anastomosis to assure distensibility of the vessel to avoid high and fixed pulmonary arterial resistance. Special care is also required for the atrial anastomosis to prevent stenosis and thrombosis of the anastomotic site. Because of the preceding difficulties, the dog will not likely be an ideal animal for experimental lung transplantation.
Biological testing of antilymphocyte sera and globulin in the baboon
Authors: Murphy G. P. , Brede H. D. , Schoonees R. , Groenewald J. H. , Cohen E. , Amiraian K. , Moore G. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA variety of antilymphocyte sera (ALS) and globulins (ALG) as well as other adjuvant compounds (procytoxide, PCO) were evaluated in 40 adult chacma baboons housed at the Roswell Park Surgical Primate Center. Animals were characterized in terms of human erythrocyte and leukocyte compatibility and then entered into the test evaluation program. Paired animals exchanged first‐ and second‐set skin grafts and subsequently renal allografts with and without therapy. Appropriate interval periods elapsed between each allograft test period. Baboon–goat ALS and human thymus ALG were all significantly effective in prolongation of first‐ and second‐set skin grafts as well as renal allografts. PCO slightly prolonged survival of sensitized renal allograft recipients. Serological (immunochemical) studies, level of peripheral lymphocytes, and prior in vitro tests all failed to correlate with the observed effectiveness of the ALS and ALG preparations noted in the present series of baboons. The baboon thus appears to be a vital as well as valid in vivo model for testing and evaluation of ALS and ALG preparations.
Crystalloid support of blood volume
Authors: Moss Gerald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFull expansion of a contracted blood volume need not be achieved immediately. Moderate hypovolemia and increased sympathetic tone usually are well tolerated. A 3:1 replacement regimen of crystalloid for shed blood is reasonable for moderate losses by healthy individuals. Larger volumes of fluid are required to achieve full expansion, as would be desired prior to surgery. A minimum ratio of approximately 5:1 is expected on theoretical grounds, has been found experimentally, and is now reported for two patients with self‐limited hemorrhage of 1300 and 1400 ml. The ratio rises dramatically with progressive hypoalbuminemia, as in an older patient with perforated cecal carcinoma and peritonitis. Hemodynamic stability was maintained only after retention of 8000 ml of fluid to re‐expand a measured 840‐ml plasma deficit (9.5:1). Support of a contracted blood volume with massive volumes of fluid might be life‐saving under extraordinary conditions. It is deplored otherwise, because of detrimental physiological and metabolic effects of unconnected hypoalbuminemia and edema.