bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lewis‐Säure‐dekorierte Hexacyanodiboran(6)‐Dianionen
Authors: Zapf Ludwig , Finze Maik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractErste Beispiele für Diboran(6)‐Dianionen dekoriert mit schwach koordinierenden B(C6F5)3‐ (BCF) und SiEt3+‐Gruppen wurden synthetisiert, wodurch das synthetische Potential des [B2(CN)6]2−‐Dianions gezeigt wird. [B2{CNB(C6F5)3}6]2− (1) wurde als Kalium‐ und Tetrabutylammonium‐Salz isoliert. 1 ist eines der wenigen Beispiele für ein schwach koordinierendes Dianion, das für die Stabilisierung des Carbokations [Ph3C]+ und des Oxonium‐Ions [H(OEt2)2]+ verwendet wurde. Die Reaktion von [Ph3C]21 mit HSiEt3 gab durch selektiven Austausch zweier BCF‐ durch SiEt3+‐Gruppen das silylierte neutrale Diboran(6) [B2{CNB(C6F5)3}4(CNSiEt3)2] (2), was die Stabilität und chemische Vielseitigkeit des [B2(CN)6]2−‐Dianions hervorhebt. Die chemischen und physikochemischen Eigenschaften von 1 und 2 liefern einen Einblick in die elektronischen, koordinativen und sterischen Eigenschaften dieser ungewöhnlichen Diboran(6)‐Verbindungen.
Macroscopic Superlattice Membranes Self‐Assembled from Gold Nanobipyramids with Precisely Tunable Tip Arrangements for SERS
Authors: Ding Weikun , Xia Yan , Song Hengyao , Li Tongtao , Yang Dong , Dong Angang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA persistent challenge in utilizing Au nanocrystals for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) lies in achieving controllable superstructures that maximize SERS performance. Here, a novel strategy is proposed to enhance the SERS performance by precisely adjusting the tip arrangements of Au nanobipyramids (BPs) in two‐dimensional (2D) superlattices (SLs). This is achieved through ligand‐exchange of Au BPs, followed by liquid‐air interfacial assembly, resulting in large‐area, transferrable SL membranes. The key to controlling the arrangement of Au BPs in the SLs is the regulation of the amount of free ligands added during self‐assembly, which allows for the precise formation of various configurations such as tilted SLs, tip‐on‐tip SLs, and tip‐to‐tip SLs. Among these configurations, tip‐on‐tip SLs exhibit the highest enhancement factor for SERS, reaching an impressive value of 1.95×108, with uniform and consistent SERS signals across a large area. The experimental findings are further corroborated by simulations using the finite element method. This study establishes an efficient method for engineering the microstructure of 2D SLs composed of Au BPs, highlighting the importance of fine‐tuning the tip arrangements of Au BPs to regulate SERS performance.
Chemical Synthesis of Modified RNA
Authors: Flemmich Laurin , Bereiter Raphael , Micura Ronald 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRibonucleic acids (RNAs) play a vital role in living organisms. Many of their cellular functions depend critically on chemical modification. Methods to modify RNA in a controlled manner—both in vitro and in vivo—are thus essential to evaluate and understand RNA biology at the molecular and mechanistic levels. The diversity of modifications, combined with the size and uniformity of RNA (made up of only 4 nucleotides) makes its site‐specific modification a challenging task that needs to be addressed by complementary approaches. One such approach is solid‐phase RNA synthesis. We discuss recent developments in this field, starting with new protection concepts in the ongoing effort to overcome current size limitations. We continue with selected modifications that have posed significant challenges for their incorporation into RNA. These include deazapurine bases required for atomic mutagenesis to elucidate mechanistic aspects of catalytic RNAs, and RNA containing xanthosine, N4‐acetylcytidine, 5‐hydroxymethylcytidine, 3‐methylcytidine, 2′‐OCF3, and 2′‐N3 ribose modifications. We also discuss the all‐chemical synthesis of 5′‐capped mRNAs and the enzymatic ligation of chemically synthesized oligoribonucleotides to obtain long RNA with multiple distinct modifications, such as those needed for single‐molecule FRET studies. Finally, we highlight promising developments in RNA‐catalyzed RNA modification using cofactors that transfer bioorthogonal functionalities.
Dimerized Acceptors with Conjugate‐Break Linker Enable Highly Efficient and Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ding Yafei , Memon Waqar Ali , Zhang Di , Zhu Yiwu , Xiong Shilong , Wang Zhi , Liu Junfeng , Li Heng , Lai Hanjian , Shao Ming , He Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesigning new acceptors is critical for intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (IS‐OSCs) with high efficiency and mechanical robustness. However, nearly all stretchable polymer acceptors exhibit limited efficiency and high‐performance small molecular acceptors are very brittle. In this regard, we select thienylene‐alkane‐thienylene (TAT) as the conjugate‐break linker and synthesize four dimerized acceptors by the regulation of connecting sites and halogen substitutions. It is found that the connecting sites and halogen substitutions considerably impact the overall electronic structures, aggregation behaviors, and charge transport properties. Benefiting from the optimization of the molecular structure, the dimerized acceptor exhibits rational phase separation within the blend films, which significantly facilitates exciton dissociation while effectively suppressing charge recombination processes. Consequently, FDY‐m‐TAT‐based rigid OSCs render the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.07 % among reported acceptors containing conjugate‐break linker. Most importantly, FDY‐m‐TAT‐based IS‐OSCs achieve high PCE (14.29 %) and remarkable stretchability (crack‐onset strain [COS]=18.23 %), significantly surpassing Y6‐based counterpart (PCE=12.80 % and COS=8.50 %). To sum up, these findings demonstrate that dimerized acceptors containing conjugate‐break linkers have immense potential in developing highly efficient and mechanically robust OSCs.
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Networks Stabilized Organic Supramolecular Cathode for Ultra‐High Capacity and Ultra‐Long Cycle Life Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Meng Pengyu , Jiang Min , Zhang Xinlong , Zhang Jiao , Fu Chaopeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) are a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage, attributing to the abundant reserves, low cost, intrinsic safety, and high theoretical capacity of Al. However, the cathode materials reported thus far still face challenges such as limited capacity, sluggish kinetics, and undesirable cycle life. Herein, we propose an organic cathode benzo[i] benzo[6,7] quinoxalino [2,3‐a] benzo [6,7] quinoxalino [2,3‐c] phenazine‐5,8,13,16,21,24‐hexaone (BQQPH) for RABs. The six C=O and six C=N redox active sites in each molecule enable BQQPH to deliver a record ultra‐high capacity of 413 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Encouragingly, the intermolecular hydrogen bonding network and π–π stacking interactions endow BQQPH with robust structural stability and minimal solubility, enabling an ultra‐long lifetime of 100,000 cycles. Moreover, the electron‐withdrawing carbonyl group induces a reduction in the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and expands the π‐conjugated system, which considerably enhances both the discharge voltage and redox kinetics of BQQPH. In situ and ex situ characterizations combined with theoretical calculations unveil that the charge storage mechanism is reversible coordination/dissociation of AlCl2+ with the N and O sites in BQQPH accompanied by 12‐electron transfer. This work provides valuable insights into the design of high‐performance organic cathode materials for RABs.
Effect of irradiation on total biophenol and antioxidant activity during storage of natural black table olives obtained using starter culture
Authors: Irmak Şahnur , Öztürk Güngör Ferişte , Susamci Erkan , Sevim Didar , Köseoğlu Oya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different production and preservation methods on the shelf life and quality of the Gemlik variety of natural black table olives produced with low salt (2%). For this purpose, olives were processed by the traditional Turkish style dry salted black olive by using a starter culture. The MAP (Modified atmosphere packaging, 60% N2 and 40% CO2), vacuum and for the first time gamma irradiation methods (1, 3 and 5 kGy) were applied in the preservation of table olives. The 5 kGy irradiation treatment reduced the total phenolic amount and DPPH antioxidant activity of olives more than other irradiation doses. The pH (4.3–4.83) and titratable acidity (0.68–1.02%) of the samples changed in accordance with the legal regulations during the storage period (pH max. 5 and acidity min 0.3%). At the end of the fermentation and storage, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity decreased significantly (p‐value <0.05). During the storage period, the total phenolic content in natural fermented olives (without starter culture) decreased from 232 to 144 mgCAE/100 g and in starter culture added table olives from 200 to 138 mgCAE/100 g. In addition, the antioxidant activity was changed between 60.94 and 47.14 μmolTE/100 g oil. As a result of the study, it was ensured that black table olives produced with less salt (2%) could be stored on the shelves for 6 months without using any preservatives. In addition, radiation effect on quality was relatively similar to other treatments (vacuum and MAP).
Synthesis of a highly efficient charring agent and its application to intumescent flame‐retardant coatings for 3D‐printed polypropylene parts
Authors: Zhang Wenxue , Wu Wei , Hu Huanbo , Ye Junjian , Wang Zhengyi , Xie Fenghui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo improve the flame retardancy of 3D‐printed polypropylene (PP) parts, cyclic triphosphonitrile‐based hyperbranched charring agent (DHCCP) was innovatively synthesized and applied in flame‐retardant coatings. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the residual char rate of DHCCP reached 64.33% at 700°C. When 5 wt% DHCCP was added to the coating, the limiting oxygen index of the composite reached 29.1%, and the vertical combustion (UL‐94) could reach V‐0 rating. In addition, cone calorimetry test measured a 54.10% reduction in peak exothermic rate, and the tensile strength of coated PP was improved. The morphology and chemical composition of the char residues were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and laser Raman spectroscopy. After combustion, the coated PP formed a continuous and dense char layer, which could play the role of heat and oxygen insulation and anti‐drip, effectively improving the flame‐retardant of 3D‐printed PP parts.
Observer‐based event‐triggered consensus control of nonlinear cyber‐physical systems under backlash‐like hysteresis and denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Guo Shiyu , Niu Ben , Xu Ning , Zhao Xudong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the problem of event‐triggered distributed consensus control for a class of complex cyber‐physical systems (CPSs), where unknown backlash‐like hysteresis inputs and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks are considered in actuators and communication channels, respectively. In the first place, when communication networks are subjected to malicious DoS attacks, the connection weights of network communication topologies experience disruptions. To solve this issue, this work proposes a solution by constructing topological models for communication networks employing switching topologies and utilizing observers to estimate the combined measurement errors during the time interval of DoS attacks. Secondly, to address the repercussions of DoS attacks on control units and to optimize the utilization of communication resources, a distributed control protocol based on an event‐triggered scheme and employing locally deployed estimators is designed to significantly decrease the update frequency of control signals. Meanwhile, utilizing Lyapunov stability theory, the boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system is validated, thereby accomplishing the goal of consensus control. At last, the efficacy of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through two simulation examples.
Unilateral J‐cut division versus partial and subtotal removal techniques in female patients with mesh‐related urethral obstruction: Multicentric comparative study
Authors: Çetinel Bülent , Kalender Göktuğ , Kırlı Elif Altınay , Yenilmez Aydın , Gülpınar Ömer , Şimşir Adnan , Temeltaş Gökhan , Çubuk Alkan , Can Günay 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the functional (obstruction relieving) outcomes and complications of unilateral J‐cut division, partial and subtotal vaginal removal techniques were performed for mesh‐related urethral obstruction (MRUO) in females.MethodsPatient review included demographics, a medical history and proforma with details of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), physical and urodynamic findings, detailed surgical reports and follow‐up data. Variables were compared between the three groups.ResultsOut of 130 patients with sling revision surgery (SRS), 54 women underwent SRS for MRUO with a median follow‐up of 48 (17–96) months. Unilateral J‐cut division, partial and subtotal vaginal removal techniques were performed in 12, 31 and 11 patients with a median duration of surgery of 30 (25–34), 40 (35–56) and 60 (60–70) minutes, respectively (p = 0.001). Statistically significant increase in median maximum free urine flow rate and decrease in median post‐void residual urine volume were found after SRS in the three groups, while de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI) developed in 10%, 44% and 60% of the patients in the unilateral J‐cut division, partial and subtotal removal groups, respectively (p = 0.007).ConclusionsThe unilateral J‐cut division technique was as effective as the partial and subtotal vaginal removal techniques in relieving MRUO with a shorter duration of surgery time (p = 0.001) and lower risk of de novo SUI (p = 0.007). Comparative studies with a larger number of patients are needed.
Do participants in widening participation outreach programmes in England progress to selective universities at a higher rate than would otherwise be expected?
Authors: Martin Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractYoung people growing up in England from a poorer background are less likely to progress into higher education compared to their better off counterparts. This is especially true with respect to more selective universities. This study used government administrative data to gauge the effectiveness of the ‘Realising Opportunities’ programme, which provides a package of support to prospective university applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds to facilitate their progression to more selective universities. Data was gathered concerning 769 16 to 18‐year‐old students who took part in the programme—which is delivered by a consortium of selective universities—between 2015 and 2017. This data revealed participants' personal characteristics (e.g., gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status), school attainment and eventual university destination (or lack thereof). Additionally, national administrative data was sourced from the Department for Education's National Pupil Database and the Higher Education Statistics Agency for the entire cohort of state school pupils in England who turned 16 in the 2014–2015 academic year. This national data was used to generate a statistical model that could predict the likelihood of a young person in England progressing to a selective university based on their school attainment and other personal characteristics. Data concerning the programme participants was fed through the model and it was observed that the number of participants who had in fact progressed to selective universities greatly exceeded that predicted. Participation in the Realising Opportunities programme therefore appeared to be positively associated with an increased likelihood of progression to a selective university.
Analysis of gait characteristics and related factors in patients with Parkinson's disease based on wearable devices
Authors: Tang Hongyin , Liao Xianglian , Yao Jian , Xing Yilan , Zhao Xin , Cheng Weibin , Gu Tianxiang , Huang Yan , Xu Guang , Luan Ping , Tian Junzhang , Li Guihua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostural instability and gait disorder dominant (PIGD) is one of the most common disabling symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), which seriously affects patients’ quality of life. Therefore, it is essential to identify PIGD and develop targeted interventions to reduce the risk of PIGD in PD patients.Aim:This study aimed to investigate the gait characteristics of PD patients based on wearable devices and to establish a predictive model for their related influencing factors.MethodsThe retrospective medical records of patients from January 2020 to September 2023 were collected, including 159 patients with PD (divided into PIGD [n = 73] and non‐PIGD [n = 86] groups) and 200 healthy patients (as the healthy control group). Information from social demographic data, a blood test, scale scores, gait analysis based on wearable devices, white matter lesions, and the Fazekas scale was extracted and analyzed.ResultsCompared with the healthy control group, the mean step length, mean rate, mean angular velocity, and step length were lower in the PD group, while the mean steps were higher in the turning test. The incidence of PIGD was 46% in PD patients, and PD patients with the non‐tremor onset mode were more likely to develop PIGD than those with the tremor onset mode. Compared to the non‐PIGD group, the PIGD group showed more serious gait problems in different experimental tasks and had a higher Hoehn and Yahr (H‐Y) stage, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score, Hamilton Depression Scale score, periventricular white matter (PVWM) score, deep white matter score, and Fazekas scale score, but they had lower hemoglobin levels, D‐dimer levels, Tinetti Balance scores, Tinetti Gait scores, Berg Balance Scale scores, and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that the MMSE score was negatively correlated with the occurrence of PIGD, while the HAMA score, H‐Y stage, PVWM score, and non‐tremor form of onset were positively correlated with the occurrence of PIGDConclusionThe incidence of gait disorder in PD patients is higher than that in the normal population. Moreover, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety state, H‐Y stage, PVWM score, and the non‐tremor mode of onset can be considered independent risk factors for PIGD.
Musculoskeletal pain intensity and perceptions during distance learning: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vuran Burak Şevket , Altunalan Turgay 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTechnological developments and the pandemic have popularized the distance learning model at universities. In this educational model, students spend more time in front of screens, and screen‐related health conditions have become important. This cross‐sectional study of 177 undergraduate students was designed to investigate the effect of block and traditional scheduling in online distance education (ODE) on their musculoskeletal pain and to investigate their perceptions of block scheduling. A two‐stage method was used: a quantitative design to compare pain levels, and a qualitative design to determine the students' perceptions of block scheduling using an online survey. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS‐11). Data were collected in the university health sciences department. Pain intensity following the block and traditional lessons was analyzed using a paired t‐test. Students in the block schedule had significantly more pain, with a large effect size on the whole trunk and upper limbs. Pain levels were also clinically meaningful for the upper (5.73 ± 2.75), lower (5.59 ± 2.87), and neck (4.92 ± 2.60) regions. Students reported positive experiences with block scheduling in ODE such as saving time (43%) and maintaining subject integrity (26%), but also negative experiences such as distraction (56%), fatigue (33%), pain (17%), and boredom (11%). Block scheduling in ODE could cause clinically significant neck and back pain. In distance learning, keeping the course duration short and ensuring student mobility in the classroom are important.
Targeting RNA modifications with pharmacological agents: New frontiers in cancer therapy
Authors: Guan Angel , Wong Justin J.‐L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has gained significant prominence as a new layer of regulatory mechanism that governs gene expression. Over the past decade, various m6A regulators responsible for introducing, eliminating, and recognising RNA methylation have been identified. Notably, these m6A regulators often exhibit altered expression patterns in cancer, occasionally offering prognostic value. Nonetheless, the complex roles of these regulators in human cancer pathology remain enigmatic, with conflicting outcomes reported in different studies.In recent years, a multitude of inhibitors and activators targeting m6A regulators have been reported. Several of these compounds have demonstrated promising efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo cancer models. These findings collectively underscore the dynamic landscape of m6A regulation in cancer biology, revealing its potential as a therapeutic target and prognostic indicator.
The feasibility and acceptability of an app‐based intervention with brief behavioural support (APPROACH) to promote brisk walking in people diagnosed with breast, prostate and colorectal cancer in the UK
Authors: Lally Phillippa , Kennedy Fiona , Smith Susan , Beeken Rebecca J. , Buck Caroline , Thomas Chloe , Counsell Nicholas , Wyld Lynda , Martin Charlene , Williams Sarah , Roberts Anna , Greenfield Diana M. , Gath Jacqui , Potts Henry W. W. , Latimer Nicholas , Smith Lee , Fisher Abi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionIncreased moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can improve clinical and psychosocial outcomes for people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC). This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures in a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a theory‐driven app‐based intervention with behavioural support focused on promoting brisk walking (a form of MVPA) in people LWBC (APPROACH).MethodsParticipants diagnosed with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer were recruited from a single UK hospital site. Assessments at baseline and 3 months included online questionnaires, device‐measured brisk walking (activPAL accelerometer) and self‐reported weight and height. Participants were randomised to intervention or control (care as usual). The intervention comprised a non‐cancer‐specific app to promote brisk walking (National Health Service ‘Active 10’) augmented with print information about habit formation, a walking planner and two behavioural support telephone calls. Feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures were explored. Initial estimates for physical activity informed a power calculation for a phase III RCT. A preliminary health economics analysis was conducted.ResultsOf those medically eligible, 369/577 (64%) were willing to answer further eligibility questions and 90/148 (61%) of those eligible were enrolled. Feasibility outcomes, including retention (97%), assessment completion rates (>86%) and app download rates in the intervention group (96%), suggest that the trial procedures are acceptable and that the intervention is feasible. The phase III RCT will require 472 participants to be randomised. As expected, the preliminary health economic analyses indicate a high level of uncertainty around the cost‐effectiveness of the intervention.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates that a large trial of the brisk walking intervention with behavioural support is both feasible and acceptable to people LWBC. The results support progression onto a confirmatory phase III trial to determine the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of the intervention.