bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
URBAN PLANNING APPROACHES TO PLANNING THE BEAUTIFICATION SYSTEM OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS DURING THEIR RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Nataliia Mashovets  , Iuliia Sokolan  
Published: March 2024

The analysis of planning experience of inhabited localities urban beautification in view of reconstruction was undertaken in the article. The question of Ukrainian experience of urban beautification system in accordance with approved standards and State Constructional Standards was envisaged. Analysis of validation state of local documents in urban beautification field was carried out and it has shown deficient percentage of regulatory documents approval on local level, which is one of key issues of urban beautification development. Furthermore, detailed analysis of foreign experience of urban beautification planning and development trend of this system I such countries, as USA, Canada, France, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan was carried out. It is shown that first and critical stage of planning of effective urban beautification is preparing and approving corresponding certificates and standards. Emphasis added to functioning normative legal documents on issues relating to urban beautification, in accordance to which the territory reconstruction in mentioned countries is realized. It was established that reference direction of urban beautification development in mentioned countries lies in parking lots removing out of the borders of curtilage or underground parking arrangement, landscape gardening development and classification of such territories by levels of urban gardening, territory reconstruction in accordance with typical schemes of street infrastructure development, urban gardening, cycle paths, etc. It is shown that problem solution of habitable open grounds organization on city level resides in usage intensification of such territories, and on the level of residential compounds – in increasing exploitation properties of open grounds. As a result of undertaken analysis it was established that raised problem of increasing the effectiveness of residential area usage within residential areas imposes complex approach, including question of land development intensiveness, architectural and planning organization and open grounds beautification.
Terrestrial reptiles in the diet of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmonidae; Walbaum, 1792)
Authors: Doyle Katherine E. , McGregor Cameron G. , Pearce Luke , Michael Damian R. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Documenting the diet of organisms that have been introduced and naturalised outside their native range is a fundamental component of understanding their trophic interrelations in the receiving environment, and for developing holistic management practices for introduced species' predation impacts in an ecosystem. We describe two accounts of terrestrial reptiles in the diet of an introduced fish, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in southern NSW, Australia. Our observations from the Southern Hemisphere together with recently published records from the Northern Hemisphere (e.g. USA, France and Italy) represent the presence of reptiles in the diet of O. mykiss across a broad geographical range and highlight a potential additional consideration of introduced salmonids and their impacts on terrestrial species.
Examining the Moderating Effect of Board Independence on Ownership Structure and Corporate Risk: A Case Study of Nairobi Securities Exchange
Authors: Ooko Joab , Iraya Cyrus , Wanjare Joshua , Omoro Nixon 
Published: March 2024

Corporate governance and the risk management are the integral components of modern business management. This research paper aimed at investigating how and whether the presence of independent directors on the board influences the relationship between ownership structure and corporate risk. The composition and independence of a company's board of directors play a crucial role in determining the level of corporate risk. This research delved into the intricate dynamics between these elements to understand how they influence corporate risk. Specifically, the research aimed to examine how board independence acts as a moderating factor on the relationship between ownership structure and corporate risk. By examining the Kenyan context, this study contributes to the broader understanding of corporate governance in emerging markets. The paper relied on Agency Theory, Mean Variance-Portfolio Theoryagency theory ,mean variance-portfolio theory, the stewardship theory and resource dependence theory (RDT). The research employed use of causal research design. The study population was sixty-four (64) firms listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange as at 31st December 2021. Secondary data sources included financial reports, annual reports, and surveys. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative techniques like mean, standard deviation and regression, with the help of statistical software STATA. The statistical results revealed significant moderating effect of board independence on the relationship between ownership structure and corporate risk. The findings have offered practical insights to corporate managers, investors, policymakers, and researchers, aiding them in making informed decisions and formulating effective governance and risk management strategies.
Assessing the Role of Services, Incentives and Tax Knowledge Moderation on Tax Compliance
Authors: Andriani Eva , Tarmidi Deden 
Published: March 2024

Objective: This research aims to investigate the impact of tax services and tax incentive policies on the level of tax compliance, by considering the tax knowledge factor as a moderating variable.
Time and Place of Research: Participants involved in this research are MSMEs who specialize in selling used cars in the Tangerang area and its surroundings. This research uses a quantitative approach by distributing surveys to 250 used car entrepreneurs in the Tangerang area and surrounding areas 2024.
Methods: The data collection procedure using non-probability sampling involves the use of convenience sampling to distribute it. The analytical method used in this research involves the use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques utilizing smart PLS 3 software.
Conclusion: The findings from this research indicate that tax services do not make a positive contribution to tax compliance. However, tax incentives have a significant impact on the willingness to comply with tax obligations. Understanding taxes cannot influence the relationship between tax services and tax compliance, or between tax incentives and tax compliance. In addition, knowledge about taxes cannot influence the relationship between tax services and tax compliance, nor between tax incentives and tax compliance.
Effect of Microwave Treatment on Colourof Danedar khoa during Storage
Authors: Chavhan Bhavesh B. , Barnwal P. , Adil Shaikh , Wasnik P. G. 
Published: March 2024

In-package microwave-treated danedar khoa (a heat-desiccated milk product) was investigated to determine color changes during its storage at different temperatures. An optimized sample of danedar khoa packaged in a nylon pack was stored at 10, 35 and45°Ctemperatures.The changes in L*, a*, and b* value in the in-package microwave-treated and control danedar khoa were investigated during storage. In the control sample, the initial average value of L* was 65.04-67.56. As the temperature increased to 10°C, 35°C, and 45°C, the L* values also increased to 64.53-67.17, 65.45-67.10, and 65.58-67.22 respectively. For a*, the initial value was 5.40-4.19 With the rise in temperature to 10°C, 35°C, and 45°C, the a* values decreased to 5.20-4.01, 5.24-4.10, and 5.24-3.13 respectively. Regarding b*, the value in the control sample was 24.15-29.74 As the temperature was raised to 10°C, 35°C, and 45°C, the b* values further increased to 27.44-31.15, 29.50-30.57, and 27.53-31.91 respectively.
The Search for the Origin of the Quantum Conditions under the Paradigm of Absolute Space
Authors: Weber Stefan von , Eye Alexander von 
Published: March 2024

This study deals with the physical (not the mathematical) origin of the quantum conditions. The assumption of an absolute space together with the speed of 369.5 km/s of the sun leads to cycloidal or helical orbits of the electron around the proton. This kind of orbits is a previously unnoticed fact and not compatible with the model of a closed circular standing wave. It is the aim of this study to search for alternative models. The Alternating Field model (AFM) assumes the existence of alternating fields for both the proton and the electron. The Higgs-field provides the energy requirements. By Puthoff’s effect, adapted for the electrostatic field, the electron changes its Compton frequency according to its position in the field. The interference of the alternating fields of the proton and the electron causes beats that are integer multiples of the orbital frequencies when the electron moves on Bohr’s orbits.
Important results of this study are: The electrostatic Schwarzschild-radius is exactly half the value of the classical electron radius. Bohr’s first three principal quantum numbers, 1, 2, 3, are reproduced as 1.000052, 2.000214, and 3.000685. A two-dimensional simulation shows that the AFM causes orbits with ribbon shape. A formula, using only the orbital frequencies of the two innermost circular orbits, can predict the shortest wavelength of the Lyman series.
The AFM is still incomplete. E.g., it does not prevent illegal orbits, but only indicates them. Also, the AFM does not use the magnetic core field of the proton. On the other hand, the model has produced results showing that Newton’s absolute space and the QM are compatible.
Concurrent acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13.1q22) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Molecular evidence of two separate diseases
Authors: Lu Chuanyi M. , Murata‐Collins Joyce L. , Wang Endi , Siddiqi Imran , Jeffrey Lawrence H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) occurring concurrently with or after untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is rare. We report a case of a 59‐year‐old man who was evaluated for anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis with circulating blasts. On the basis of the morphology and immunophenotyping results, a preliminary diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with concurrent CLL was considered. Subsequently, cytogenetic analysis of the leukemic blood specimen revealed inv(16)(p13.1q22) with secondary trisomy 22 in a sideline clone. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the CBFβ rearrangement associated with inv(16) in myeloblasts and myelomonocytic cells, but not in CLL cells. Therefore, a final diagnosis of AML with inv(16) with concurrent CLL was made. After standard chemotherapy for AML, the patient achieved complete remission for both his AML and CLL. The unique aspects of this case include concomitant AML and CLL, which do not share clonality, complex cytogenetic abnormalities with trisomy 22 as a secondary abnormality associated with inv(16), and achievement of remission for both AML and CLL by AML chemotherapy regimen. This case also represents one of the rare instances where a diagnosis of AML can be established even when the blast percentage in the marrow and blood is less than 20%. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consanguineous marriage and congenital heart defects: A case‐control study in the neonatal period
Authors: Khalid Yunis , Ghina Mumtaz , Fadi Bitar , Fadi Chamseddine , May Kassar , Joseph Rashkidi , Makhoul Ghaith , Hala Tamim 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Am J Med Genet Part A 140A:1524–1530.
Metabolic endophenotype and related genotypes are associated with oxidative stress in children with autism
Authors: James S. Jill , Melnyk Stepan , Jernigan Stefanie , Cleves Mario A. , Halsted Charles H. , Wong Donna H. , Cutler Paul , Bock Kenneth , Boris Marvin , Bradstreet J. Jeffrey , Baker Sidney M. , Gaylor David W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAutism is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder usually diagnosed in early childhood that is characterized by impairment in reciprocal communication and speech, repetitive behaviors, and social withdrawal. Although both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved, none have been reproducibly identified. The metabolic phenotype of an individual reflects the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on genotype. As such, it provides a window through which the interactive impact of genes and environment may be viewed and relevant susceptibility factors identified. Although abnormal methionine metabolism has been associated with other neurologic disorders, these pathways and related polymorphisms have not been evaluated in autistic children. Plasma levels of metabolites in methionine transmethylation and transsulfuration pathways were measured in 80 autistic and 73 control children. In addition, common polymorphic variants known to modulate these metabolic pathways were evaluated in 360 autistic children and 205 controls. The metabolic results indicated that plasma methionine and the ratio of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), an indicator of methylation capacity, were significantly decreased in the autistic children relative to age‐matched controls. In addition, plasma levels of cysteine, glutathione, and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, an indication of antioxidant capacity and redox homeostasis, were significantly decreased. Differences in allele frequency and/or significant gene–gene interactions were found for relevant genes encoding the reduced folate carrier (RFC 80G > A), transcobalamin II (TCN2 776G > C), catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT 472G > A), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C > T and 1298A > C), and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST M1). We propose that an increased vulnerability to oxidative stress (endogenous or environmental) may contribute to the development and clinical manifestations of autism. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cannabis receptor haplotype associated with fewer cannabis dependence symptoms in adolescents
Authors: Hopfer Christian J. , Young Susan E. , Purcell Shaun , Crowley Thomas J. , Stallings Michael C. , Corley Robin P. , Rhee Soo Hyun , Smolen Andrew , Krauter Ken , Hewitt John K. , Ehringer Marissa A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCannabis is a major substance of abuse, and the gene encoding for the central cannabinoid receptor (CNR1) is a logical candidate gene for vulnerability toward developing symptoms of cannabis dependence. We studied four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CNR1 gene for association with having one or more symptoms of cannabis dependence in 541 adolescent subjects who had all tried cannabis five or more times. Cases (327) were defined as those who had tried marijuana and developed one or more symptoms, and controls (214) as those who had tried marijuana but developed no dependence symptoms. Cannabis dependence symptoms were assessed in these youth when they were 17 or older with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Substance Abuse Module. Univariate (single‐marker) association tests demonstrated that SNP rs806380, located in intron 2 of the CNR1 gene, was significantly associated with developing one or more cannabis dependence symptoms, with the G allele having a protective effect (P < 0.02). This was consistent with the results of the global haplotype test (P < 0.01). One of the common haplotypes examined (present in 21% of the subjects) was significantly associated with a lower rate of having one or more cannabis dependence symptoms. Our findings provide evidence suggesting that a common CNR1 haplotype is associated with developing fewer cannabis dependence symptoms among adolescents who have experimented with cannabis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exon 3 polymorphisms of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese children
Authors: Cheuk Daniel Ka Leung , Li Susanna Yuk Han , Wong Virginia 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene is implicated in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The 7‐repeat allele of the variable‐number‐of‐tandem‐repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in exon 3 has been reported to be associated with ADHD. However, studies in Chinese populations have yielded conflicting results. We therefore perform another study to investigate the association between ADHD and DRD4 gene polymorphism in Chinese children in Hong Kong. In this prospective family‐based and case‐control study during January–June 2004, we recruited consecutive Chinese children diagnosed with ADHD by DSM‐IV and sex‐matched controls admitted for acute upper respiratory infection, excluding those with perinatal brain insults, mental retardation, or neurological deficits. VNTR polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene were determined by standard PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Sixty‐four ADHD cases (52 boys, 12 girls), their family members, and 64 normal controls were recruited. The 4‐repeat allele (84.4%) and the 4/4‐repeat genotype (70.3%) were the most prevalent. Both family‐based and case‐control analyses showed no association between ADHD and DRD4 gene polymorphisms (transmission dysequilibrium test (TDT): P = 0.91 and P = 0.33 for the 7‐repeat and 4‐repeat alleles, respectively; OR for the 7‐repeat allele = 2.01 (95% CI 0.07–60.4, P = 0.66), OR for the 4‐repeat allele = 1.51 (95% CI 0.80–2.85, P = 0.2)). However, the longer repeat alleles had a positive trend association with ADHD (P = 0.01) in the case‐control analysis. We concluded that ADHD is not associated with a particular VNTR polymorphism of the DRD4 gene. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of repeat length of the VNTR region of the DRD4 gene in the pathogenesis of ADHD. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase and the clinical features of psychosis
Authors: McClay J.L. , Fanous A. , van den Oord E.J.C.G. , Webb B.T. , Walsh D. , O'Neill F.A. , Kendler K.S. , Chen X. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA functional polymorphism (Val‐158‐Met) at the Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) locus has been identified as a potential etiological factor in schizophrenia. Yet the association has not been convincingly replicated across independent samples. We hypothesized that phenotypic heterogeneity might be diluting the COMT effect. To clarify the putative association, we performed an exploratory analysis to test for association between COMT and five psychosis symptom scales. These were derived through factor analysis of the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychiatric Illness. Our sample was the Irish Study of High Density Schizophrenia Families, a large collection consisting of 268 multiplex families. This sample has previously shown a small but significant effect of the COMT Val allele in conferring risk for schizophrenia. We tested for preferential transmission of COMT alleles from parent to affected offspring (n = 749) for each of the five factor‐derived scales (negative symptoms, delusions, hallucinations, mania, and depression). Significant overtransmission of the Val allele was found for mania (P < 0.05) and depression (P = 0.01) scales. Examination of odds ratios (ORs) revealed a heterogeneous effect of COMT, whereby it had no effect on Negative Symptoms, but largest impact on Depression (OR = 1.4). These results suggest a modest affective vulnerability conferred by this allele in psychosis, but will require replication. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study on the Decomposition of 2‐Chloroethylnitro‐ sosulfamides (CENS) in Serum Using HPLC On‐line Solid Phase Extraction
Authors: Seridi Achour , Winum Jean‐Yves , Kadri Mekki , Abdaoui Mohamed , Montero Jean‐Louis 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper we have investigated the kinetic decomposition of 2‐chloroethylnitrososulfamides (CENS) in fetal calf serum. The study was monitored by on‐line solid phase extraction linked to RP‐LC‐MS. We demonstrated that CENS are less stable in fetal calf serum than in aqueous buffer at pH 7.4 and 37°C. Moreover, we have shown that partition coefficient of CENS can be correlated to the kinetics decomposition, and we observe that the stability is better for lipophilic CENS. The different metabolites after decomposition have been tentatively identified by RP‐HPLC‐MS. This study indicates the formation of several metabolites resulting from a mechanism of decomposition more complex than in aqueous phosphate buffer, nevertheless, leading to the same main products.
A Formal Total Synthesis of Taxol Aided by an Automated Synthesizer
Authors: Doi Takayuki , Fuse Shinichiro , Miyamoto Shigeru , Nakai Kazuoki , Sasuga Daisuke , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA 36‐step synthesis was carried out in automated synthesizers to provide a synthetic key intermediate of taxol. A key step involved a microwave‐assisted alkylation reaction to construct the ABC ring system from an AC precursor. Subsequent formation of the D ring afforded baccatin III, a well‐known precursor of taxol.
PAMP recognition and the plant–pathogen arms race
Authors: Ingle Robert A. , Carstens Maryke , Denby Katherine J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPlants have evolved systems analogous to animal innate immunity that recognise pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMP detection is an important component of non‐host resistance in plants and serves as an early warning system for the presence of potential pathogens. Binding of a PAMP to the appropriate pattern recognition receptor leads to downstream signalling events and, ultimately, to the induction of basal defence systems. To overcome non‐host resistance, pathogens have evolved effectors that target specific regulatory components of the basal defence system. In turn, this has led to the evolution in plants of cultivar‐specific resistance mediated by R proteins, which guard the targets of effectors against pathogen manipulation; the arms race continues. BioEssays 28: 880–889, 2006. © 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc.
Common and divergent pathways in alternative developmental processes of ascidians
Authors: Manni Lucia , Burighel Paolo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractColonial ascidians offer opportunities to investigate how developmental events are integrated to generate the animal form, since they can develop similar individuals (oozooids from eggs, blastozooids from pluripotent somatic cells) through very different reproductive processes, i.e. embryogenesis and blastogenesis. Moreover, thanks to their key phylogenetic position, they can help in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of morphogenesis and their evolution in chordates. We review organogenesis of the ascidian neural complex comparing embryos and buds in terms of topology, developmental mechanisms and terminology. We propose a new interpretation of bud territories, and reconsider nervous system development based on recent results suggesting that ascidians have vertebrate placodal and neural‐crest‐like cells. Comparing embryonic and blastogenic development in Botryllus schlosseri, we propose that the bud has territories with a placodal potentiality, suggesting that chordate ancestors possessed neurogenic placodes, and that the genetic pathways regulating neurogenic placode formation were co‐opted for new developmental processes, such as blastogenesis. BioEssays 28: 902–912, 2006. © 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc.