bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of an antigen‐specific, H‐2‐restricted cell‐free product(s) made by “I‐J−” Ly‐2 cells (Ly‐2 TsF) that suppresses Ly‐2 cell‐depleted spleen cell activity
Authors: Yamauchi Katsumi , Murphy Donal , Cantor Harvey , Gershon Richard K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmune Ly‐1−,2+ splenic T cells release material(s) (Ly‐2 TsF) into culture supernatants which (a) are antigen‐specific and (b) do not contain gene products of the I‐region of the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) (within the limits of our detection system) and which can lead to antigen‐specific suppression of spleen cell cultures depleted of all Ly‐2+ (Ly‐2 and Ly‐1,2) cells. The cells which make Ly‐2 TsF possess no detectable I region‐ or Qa‐1‐encoded determinants. Nonetheless, the ability of the material(s) to suppress target cells is restricted by genes closely linked to the MHC. No demonstrable evidence for a role of the polymorphic portion of genes linked to the Ig locus for this suppressive interaction to occur could be found. It is suggested that this material(s) may be the final effector moiety of the suppressor circuit because (a) it does not require the presence of any Ly‐2+ cells to work, and (b) in contrast to material(s) which induce suppression, there is no latent period; i.e. the Ly‐2 TsF suppresses both the early and late phases of the immune response in primary Mishell‐Dutton cultures. The MHC restriction that is imparted to the biologically active material is likely to be due to its “anti‐MHC” activity.Since this is the first report in which the presence of I‐J‐controlled gene products was investigated on an antigen‐specific, Ly‐2 cell‐produced suppressor factor that worked in the absence of Ly‐2+ cells in the assay culture, the possibility that many, if not all, antigen‐specific suppressor effector cells and molecules are “I‐J−” must be considered.
Resistance of MRL/Mp‐lpr/lpr mice to tolerance induction
Authors: Amagai Takashi , Cinader Bernhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice of strain MRL/Mp‐lpr/lpr develop resistance against tolerance induction with aggregate‐freed rabbit gamma‐globulin as early as 6 weeks of age and show very complete resistance when they are 10 weeks old; congenic mice MRL‐Mp‐+/+ of 6 and 10 weeks can be rendered tolerant. By reconstitution experiments, it was shown that T cells from MRL/Mp‐lpr/lpr are responsible for the resistance to tolerance induction. A cell which is not colchicine‐sensitive contributes to tolerance of MRL/Mp‐+/+, but not to MRL/Mp‐lpr/lpr mice. Resistance of T cells against tolerance depends on expression of the lpr gene.
Vaccination against autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE): Attenuated autoimmune T lymphocytes confer resistance to induction of active EAE but not to EAE mediated by the intact T lymphocyte line
Authors: Ben‐Nun Avraham , Cohen Irun R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAutoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be induced in genetically susceptible rats by active immunization against myelin basic protein (BP) or by passive transfer of anti‐BP lymphocytes. We have developed in vitro lines of T lymphocytes reactive only against BP that produce EAE upon i.v. inoculation of syngeneic rats. The object of the present study was to learn whether attenuated anti‐BP line cells could be used to vaccinate rats against passive as well as active EAE. We inoculated rats i.v. with anti‐BP line cells that were attenuated by irradiation or treatment by mitomycin C. A single inoculation was sufficient to protect about 70% of rats from subsequent EAE induced actively. However, even repeated vaccination could not protect against EAE mediated by passive transfer of anti‐BP line cells. Thus, attenuated cells of EAE effector lines cannot vaccinate against the autoreactive effects of preformed effector T lymphocytes.
Transfer of memory cells into antigen‐pretreated hosts. II. Influence of localized antigen on the migration of specific memory B cells
Authors: Baine Yaela , Ponzio Nicholas M. , Thorbecke G. Jeanette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFollowing i.v. injection, 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (TNP)‐primed memory cells localized in recipient lymph nodes draining a footpad injection of TNP‐hemocyanin (TNP‐KLH) in greater numbers than in contralateral nodes draining a p‐azobenzenearsonate‐coupled KLH injection. Such hapten‐specific, unilateral memory B cell localization was still observed in immunosuppressed mice when antigen injections were given as long as 4 days prior to the memory cell transfer. The memory cells could be challenged to form plaque‐forming cells by footpad injections of TNP‐labeled Brucella abortus at 5 days, but not one day, after cell transfer. The present studies further clarify some parameters of this adoptive memory, as a model for the study of persistent local memory. Measures that promoted the unilateral lymph node retention of 125I‐labeled antigen also facilitated unilateral accumulation of TNP‐specific memory cells. Such measures included pretreatment of the recipients with cyclophosphamide, rather than γ irradiation, injection of anti‐carrier antibody the day before antigen, or use of small doses of preformed immune complexes instead of antigen alone. In general, a high ratio of lymph node‐to‐spleen and lymph node‐to‐blood cencentration of antigen in recipients appeared crucial for unilateral localization of memory B cells. Splenectomy of recipients prior to cell transfer enhanced the difference in plaqueforming cell responses between draining and contralateral nodes, but decreased their difference when performed 1 day after cell transfer, suggesting that the spleen may have served as a trap for memory cells. I.v. injection of antigen at the time of B cell transfer also interfered with unilateral localization. The results demonstrate that in the presence of persisting depots of antigen within lympn nodes (and absence of significant amounts of antigen elsewhere), memory B cells can be retained locally without activation into antibody‐secreting cells. This mechanism may, therefore, be responsible for the phenomenon of local, humoral, immunological memory.
Genetic control of the expression of allelic Ig genes at the VHa locus in a1/a2 heterozygous rabbits
Authors: Gilman‐Sachs Alice , Dray Sheldon , Knight Katherine L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHeterozygous rabbits representing 9 of 15 possible a1 and a2 heavy chain haplotype gene combinations among rabbits in the University of Illinois colony were analyzed for ratios of al to a2 in serum immunoglobulin (Ig). The Ig from rabbits of the a1x−y−n81f73g74de12,15 heavy chain haplotype in combination with any of three a2‐associated heavy chain haplotypes have higher ratios of a1 to a2 than Ig from rabbits in which a1 is encoded by 4 other heavy chain haplotypes. For example, the mean a1: a2 ratio for adult a1x−y−n81f73g74de12,15/a2x32y33,− n82,f71g75de12,15 rabbits was 12:1 compared to 5:1 for a1x−y33,30n83,f71g75de12,15/a2x32y33,− n82,f71g75de12,15 heterozygous rabbits. Family studies indicated that the a1:a2 ratio was under the control of the heavy chain chromosomal region or a locus closely linked to it. Whether the regulation is due to varying numbers of VH genes and/or J gene segments, a separate regulator gene, or more efficient joining of certain gene segments, has yet to be determined.
The immunosuppressive effect of monoclonal anti‐Lyt‐1.1 antibodies in vivo
Authors: Michaelides Mary , Hogarth P. Mark , McKenzie Ian F. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoclonal anti‐Lyt‐1.1 alloantibody was produced as tissue culture supernatant and administered to mice. The antibody, given intraperitoneally, resulted in the suppression of all T cell functions studied, but was without direct effect on B cells. Thus, skin and tumor allograft survival was prolonged and there was suppression of the delayed‐type hypersensitivity response; T cell help in the anti‐sheep red blood cell antibody response, responder cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), leucoagglutinin‐responsive cells, cytotoxic T cell (Tc) function and the induction of Tc were either totally or partially suppressed, all these responses being mediated by Lyt‐1+2− or Lyt‐1+2+ cells in CBA/H mice. By contrast, there was no inhibitory effect on the MLR‐stimulating or lipopolysaccharide‐responsive cells. The administration of the anti‐Lyt‐1.1 antibody was accompanied by a depletion of Lyt‐1.1+ T cells from both spleen and lymph node. These studies indicate that the monoclonal anti‐Lyt‐1.1 antibody is active in vivo with a selective effect on T cells. The results also have important implications for studies of T cell interactions in the mouse in vivo, and for similar studies in man.
Polymorphism of germ‐line immunoglobulin VH genes correlates with allotype and idiotype markers
Authors: Ben‐Neriah Yinon , Cohen Justus B. , Rechavi Gideon , Zakut Rina , Givol David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe polymorphic nature of the immunoglobulin VH genes was investigated by Southern blot analysis of liver DNA of sixteen different mouse strains and hybridization with VH probes. Differences in restriction enzyme pattern (REP) were observed and six different patterns of restriction fragments were found for the sixteen strains analyzed. No equivalent polymorphism was observed in another multigene family, the actins. The six patterns correlate with immunoglobin constant region allotypes (Igh‐1). Experiments with Igh‐1‐congenic strains suggest that the VH REP is linked to immunoglobulin constant region haplotype. Mouse strains which share inherited idiotypes also share identical VH restriction pattern. This provides a structural basis for the genetic linkage between idiotypes and allotypes. It also indicates that different strains carry different VH gene repertoires, which may be the basis for the expression of different inherited idiotypes in various strains. We propose that a VH group is a set of linked genes that are coinherited as a cluster with the constant region genes and that VH and CH can be regarded as an extended haplotype.
Functional activities of antibodies against brain‐associated T cell antigens II. Stimulation of T cell‐induced B cell proliferation
Authors: Jones Barry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractB cells could be stimulated to proliferate by mitomycin C‐treated normal T cells that were activated by rabbit anti‐mouse brain antiserum (RaMBr). The B cell proliferation peaked 48 h after the initiation of the cultures. The T cell subset involved was Lyt‐1+, 2−. The B and T cells participating in the interaction did not need to be matched at the H‐2 locus. A long‐term T cell line (C.1.a), which was genetically restricted by the H‐2 complex in its antigen (ovalbumin)‐specific interaction with B cells, could also be induced by RaMBr to stimulate B cell proliferation. However, the RaMBr‐mediated interaction of C.1.a with B cells was genetically unrestricted. This suggests that T cell activation by RaMBr can bypass the requirement for the recognition of I region antigens, which is a feature of antigen‐specific interactions between T and B cells. In fact, RaMBr antibody appeared to function by bringing T cells into contact with B cells by the interaction of the B cell surface membrane Fc receptors with the Fc portion of RaMBr antibody bound to the T cell surface. Brain‐associated antigen(s) appeared to play a unique role in T‐B cell interactions because antibodies against other T cell surface antigens were inactive, e.g. those which remained in rabbit anti‐mouse thymocyte antiserum at a high titer after absorption with mouse brain tissue. Furthermore, the brain‐associated T cell antigen involved in the cellular interaction was differentiated from the Thy‐1 antigen by the failure of xeno‐anti‐Thy‐1.1 antisera to induce the interaction of B6.PL.Thy‐12 T cells with B cells, and the presence of activity in rat anti‐AKR mouse brain serum which did not contain antibodies against Thy‐1.1 or Thy‐1.2 determinants.The data appear to support the hypothesis that the brain‐associated T cell antigen, as defined serologically in these studies, may represent a molecule which plays a role in the immunological functions of the Lyt‐1+, Lyt‐2− T cell subset.
Role of Ia.W39 in the interaction of antigen‐presenting cells with T and B lymphocytes
Authors: Huber Brigitte T. , Rosenwasser Lanny J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIa.W39 is a B cell differentiation antigen whose membrane expression is controlled by the xid gene. In this report we show that, analogous to its B cell expression, Ia.W39 is also present on a subset of Ia+ macrophages, indicating heterogeneity within that cell population.The Ir gene(s) for the antigenic determinants on the A chain loop of beef insulin maps to the I‐Ab subregion of the H‐2 complex and, as we have previously reported, is associated with the private specificity Ia.W39. Depletion of Ia.W39+ macrophages eliminates their capacity to present beef insulin to immune T cells, whereas the presentation of the multideterminant antigen trinitrophenylated ovalbumin is reduced less than 50%. Furthermore, we found that H‐2b mice lacking Ia.W39+ cells are unable to make a secondary in vivo IgG plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response to beef insulin, while the primary IgG PFC response is not dependent on Ia.W39. No shift in the kinetics of the response, nor development of suppressor T cells could be detected in Ia.W39− mice, which would explain their apparent nonresponsiveness to beef insulin after boosting with this antigen. These results, therefore, may reflect a difference in the Ir gene control acting at the primary vs. secondary response level.
A subpopulation of small pre‐B cells in rabbit bone marrow expresses x light chains and exhibits allelic exclusion of b locus allotypes
Authors: Gathings William E. , Mawo Rose G. , Cooper Max D. , Young‐Cooper Glendowlyn O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains by pre‐B cells and B lymphocytes was examined by two‐color immunofluorescence in heterozygous b5b9 rabbits. Allelic exclusion of b5 and b9 x light chain allotypes was observed for both surface immunoglobulin‐negative pre‐B cells and surface immunoglobulin‐positive B lymphocytes. In newborn bone marrow, pre‐B cells and immature B lymphocytes expressing b9 were as numerous as those expressing b5. In contrast, circulating B cells and bone marrow plasma cells expressing the b5 marker outnumber b9+ cells by 2 to 1 in adult b5b9 animals. Whereas most B lymphocytes expressed x light chain b allotypes, approximately 80% of the μ heavy chain‐positive pre‐B cells did not. The pre‐B cells that expressed detectable light chains were relatively small lymphocytes. A model is presented which includes a “transitional” pre‐B cell that expresses both p chains and x chains.
Release of platelet‐activating factor (PAF‐acether) and leukotrienes C and D from inflammatory macrophages
Authors: Roubin Régine , Mencia‐Huerta Jean‐Michel , Benveniste Jacques 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMacrophages (Mϕ) isolated from the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6 mice were either untreated or treated with various eliciting agents (thioglycollate, sodium caseinate) or with an activating agent bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG). The various populations were assessed for their ability to release platelet‐activating factor (PAF‐acether), an ether phospholipid mediator, and slow‐reacting substance (SRS), a lipoxygenase arachidonic acid derivative. PAF‐acether was recovered in higher amounts from BCG Mϕ, than from resident Mϕ, whereas elicited Mϕ, exhibited a marked decreased ability to release this mediator. Such variations were only quantitative as evidenced by the similar enzyme sensitivity and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) retention times of the various PAF‐acether‐containing supernatants. Resident, BCG‐and sodium caseinate‐induced Mϕ released similar amounts of SRS, whereas thioglycollate Mϕ, exhibited once again a marked decreased ability to release this mediator. Comparing retention times on HPLC of resident and BCG Mϕ, SRS with those of synthetic leukotrienes C and D, molecular variations were noted. Even though both Mϕ, populations released higher amounts of leukotrienes C than D, the DIC ratio was higher in BCG Mϕ, than in resident Mϕ,. These results show that different environmental factors can influence the release of PAF‐acether and leukotrienes from Mϕ.
Suppression of T cell responses through competition for T cell growth factor (interleukin 2)
Authors: Günther Joachim , Haas Werner , Von Boehmer Harald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAddition of activated T cells or of cells from a cytotoxic T cell clone to mixed leukocyte cultures abolished the generation of cytolytic activity in these cultures. The cytolytic T cell response is completely restored if T cell growth factor (interleukin 2) is added, indicating that the suppression is due to absorption or consumption of IL2 by the added cells.
Production of immune interferon is regulated by more than one T cell subset: Lyt‐1,2,3 and Qat‐5 phenotypes of murine T lymphocytes involved in IFN‐γ production in primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction
Authors: Landolfo Santo , Kirchner Holger , Simon Markus M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes responsible for the production of IFN‐γ (immune interferon) in primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte reactions have been characterized with antisera specific for the Lyt‐1,2,3 and Qat‐5 alloantigens. A comparison was made between selected T cell subsets with respect to their ability to proliferate, generate cytolytic activity and produce IFN‐γ in response to H‐2 alloantigens.The data indicate that (a) in primary mixed lymphocyte reactions, IFN‐γ is produced by Lyt‐1+, Qat‐5+ and by Lyt‐123+, Qat‐5+ T cells, (b) in secondary mixed lymphocyte reactions, an additional T cell subset, which is Lyt‐23+, Qat‐5−, participates in the generation of IFN‐γ and (c) the production of IFN‐γ does not correlate with either proliferation or the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Idiotypic relationship of anti‐Ia.2 antibodies
Authors: Grutzmann Rudi , Hämmerling Günter J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlloantiserum and hybridoma‐derived anti‐Ia antibodies were investigated for their idiotypic similarity using 4 monoclonal anti‐idiotypes raised against monoclonal anti‐Ia. With one anti‐idiotype, idiotypic cross‐reactivity could be found between three independently derived monoclonal BALB/c anti‐Ia antibodies, all of which were directed against the same serological determinant, Ia.2. The respective idiotype, tentatively designated la.2 idiotope, could also be demonstrated on anti‐Ia.2 antibodies in BALB/c alloantisera, but not on anti‐Ia against other specificities. The expression of the Ia.2 idiotope is linked to the Igh allotype; the use of Ig‐recombinant mice allowed us to map the Igh‐Ia.2 locus to the left of the T1S marker in the Igha V region.
Recruitment of functional subpopulations of T lymphocytes Initiator T lymphocytes recruit helper T cells for cytotoxic response
Authors: Livnat Shmuel , Corley Ronald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInitiator T (Ti) lymphocytes are defined by their ability to recruit other T cell populations in vivo In this study the function of T cells recruited into draining lymph nodes following injection of Ti cells primed to alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture was examined. The results demonstrate that alloantigen‐specific helper T cells that interact with cytotoxic T (Tc) lymphocyte precursors are recruited, as shown by the significantly higher frequencies of helper cells in draining lymph nodes compared with controls. However, neither Tc cells nor their precursors are recruited. Recruitment by Ti lymphocytes is therefore selective for certain T cell subsets. Proposals to explain the mechanism, specificity, and selectivity of recruitment are discussed. We suggest that Ti cells have a central role in both the initiation of T cell‐dependent immune responses and in the maintenance of immunologic memory. Their function is the rapid mobilization of T cell subclasses to a regional lymphoid organ where the immune response subsequently develops.
Protection against Schistosoma mansoni achieved by immunization with sonicated parasite
Authors: Horowitz Shulamit , Smolarsky Moshe , Arnon Ruth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPartial protection of (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 mice against infection with Schistosoma mansoni has been achieved by immunization with small amounts (0.2 to 2.0 μg) of crude cercarial sonicate adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvant (alum). A decrease of 34–90% in the adult worm burden of the immunized mice, as compared to that of untreated mice or those injected with adjuvant alone, has been found in five experiments by liver perfusion six weeks after percutaneous challenge infection. High titers of anti‐cercarial IgE antibodies have been found in the sera of the immunized mice by two independent techniques, radioimmunoassay and degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL‐2H3), determined by 3H‐serotonin release. By counting the live worms in the lungs of immunized and uniummized mice on days 4‐7 after infection it was observed that the schistosomula were killed before they reached the lungs, probably at the skin. Mice immunized with the same amounts of cercarial antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant were not protected against infection with S. mansoni. These animals developed high titer of total anti‐cercaria antibodies (determined by radioimmunoassay) but had low levels of antiparasite IgE. The possible role of IgE in protective immunity is discussed.
Regulation of in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation. II. Demonstration of noncytotoxic alloantigen‐specific suppressor T lymphocytes
Authors: Schwartz Anthony , Sutton Sandra L. , Gershon Richard K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBoth allospecific suppressor T lymphocytes (TsS) and nonspecific suppressor T lymphocytes (TsN) are activated in alloantigen‐stimulated mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC). TsS and TsN can suppress cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction upon transfer to fresh (second) MLC stimulated by the same alloantigens as in the first MLC (TsS or TsN) or by third‐party alloantigens (TsN only). Evidence that TsS and TsN functions are performed by different T cell sets has been restricted to radioresistance of the former but not the latter. Separation of TsS from CTL has proven even more difficult. Methods are reported here which have allowed in vitro induction and functional separation of TsS from CTL and TsN in a totally allogeneic system. TsS are resistant to combined exposure to pyrilamine, a histamine1 antagonist and local anesthetic, during suppressor cell induction, and to X or γ irradiation thereafter, while CTL precursors (CTL‐P) and TsN are more sensitive to such treatments. This allowed us to use these treatments to generate TsS that are not contaminated with functional CTL, CTL‐P or TsN. These data show that TsS regulate CTL induction by interacting with responding cell populations, rather than by cytotoxic depletion of stimulator cells.
Syngeneic sensitization of mouse lymphocytes on monolayers of thyroid epithelial cells. III. Induction of thyroiditis by thyroid‐sensitized T lymphoblasts
Authors: Charreire Jeannine , Michel‐Bechet Marc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring in vitro sensitization of CBA spleen lymphocytes on syngeneic monolayers of either thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) or fibroblasts, stimulation occurs, as assessed by thymidine incorporation and lymphoblast generation. When lymphoblasts generated on syngeneic TEC are injected either into thyroid lobes of intact CBA recipients or i.v., thyroiditis appears at least 21 days after injection. Thyroiditis is assessed by both optical and electron microscopic blind studies and by the presence of antibodies in the sera directed against mouse thyroglobulin. In contrast, control animals which received identical numbers of lymphoblasts generated on syngeneic fibroblasts behaved as normal. Thyroiditis was also induced using pure thyroid‐sensitized T lymphoblasts. This is the first report showing the role of T lymphocytes in the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis.