bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin resistance is inversely related to prostate cancer: A prospective study in Northern Sweden
Authors: Stocks Tanja , Lukanova Annekatrin , Rinaldi Sabina , Biessy Carine , Dossus Laure , Lindahl Bernt , Hallmans Göran , Kaaks Rudolf , Stattin Pär 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFactors related to insulin resistance have been implicated in prostate cancer development, however, few analytical studies support such an association. We performed a case control study on 392 prostate cancer cases and 392 matched controls nested in a prospective cohort in Northern Sweden. Plasma concentrations of C‐peptide, leptin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting and post‐load glucose were analysed and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was calculated. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) of prostate cancer. High levels of C‐peptide, HOMA‐IR, leptin and HbA1c were associated with significant decreases in risk of prostate cancer, with ORs for top vs. bottom quartile for C‐peptide of 0.59 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.40–0.89; ptrend = 0.008), HOMA‐IR 0.60 (95% CI, 0.38–0.94; ptrend = 0.03), leptin 0.55 (95% CI, 0.36–0.84; ptrend = 0.006) and HbA1c 0.56 (95% CI, 0.35–0.91; ptrend = 0.02). All studied factors were strongly inversely related to risk among men less than 59 years of age at blood sampling, but not among older men, with a significant heterogeneity between the groups for leptin (pheterogeneity = 0.006) and fasting glucose (pheterogeneity = 0.03). C‐peptide and HOMA‐IR were strongly inversely related to non‐aggressive cancer but were non‐significantly positively related to risk of aggressive disease (pheterogeneity = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively). Our data suggest that androgens, which are inversely associated with insulin resistance, are important in the early prostate cancer development, whereas insulin resistance related factors may be important for tumour progression. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Folate coupled poly(ethyleneglycol) conjugates of anionic poly(amidoamine) dendrimer for inflammatory tissue specific drug delivery
Authors: Chandrasekar Durairaj , Sistla Ramakrishna , Ahmad Farhan J. , Khar Roop K. , Diwan Prakash V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFolate receptor is overexpressed on the activated (but not quiescent) macrophages in both animal models and human patients with naturally occurring rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to prepare folate targeted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugates of anionic dendrimer (G3.5 PAMAM) as targeted drug delivery systems to inflammation and to investigate its biodistribution pattern in arthritic rats. Folate‐PEG‐PAMAM conjugates, with different degrees of substitution were synthesized by a two‐step reaction through a carbodiimide‐mediated coupling reaction and loaded with indomethacin. Folate‐PEG conjugation increased the drug loading efficiency by 10‐ to 20‐fold and the in vitro release profile indicated controlled release of drug. The plasma pharmacokinetic parameters indicated an increased AUC, circulatory half‐life and mean residence time for the folate‐PEG conjugates. The tissue distribution studies revealed significantly lesser uptake by stomach for the folate‐PEG conjugates, thereby limiting gastric‐related side effect. The time‐averaged relative drug exposure (re) of the drug in paw for the folate‐PEG conjugates ranged from 1.81 to 2.37. The overall drug targeting efficiency (Te) was highest for folate‐PEG conjugate (3.44) when compared to native dendrimer (1.72). The folate‐PEG‐PAMAM conjugates are the ideal choice for targeted delivery of antiarthritic drugs to inflammation with reduced side‐effects and higher targeting efficiency. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
The brain tissue response to implanted silicon microelectrode arrays is increased when the device is tethered to the skull
Authors: Biran Roy , Martin Dave C. , Tresco Patrick A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of tethering silicon microelectrode arrays on the cortical brain tissue reaction was compared with that of untethered implants placed in the same location by identical means using immunoflourescent methods and cell type specific markers over indwelling periods of 1–4 weeks. Compared with untethered, freely floating implants, tethered microelectrodes elicited significantly greater reactivity to antibodies against ED1 and GFAP over time. Regardless of implantation method or indwelling time, retrieved microelectrodes contained a layer of attached macrophages identified by positive immunoreactivity against ED1. In the tethered condition and in cases where the tissue surrounding untethered implants had the highest levels of ED1+ and GFAP+ immunoreactivity, the neuronal markers for neurofilament 160 and NeuN were reduced. Although the precise mechanisms are unclear, the present study indicates that simply tethering silicon microelectrode arrays to the skull increases the cortical brain tissue response in the recording zone immediately surrounding the microelectrode array, which signals the importance of identifying this important variable when evaluating the tissue response of different device designs, and suggests that untethered or wireless devices may elicit less of a foreign body response. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Chemical interaction of polyphosphoric acid with titanium and its effect on human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell behavior
Authors: Maekawa Kenji , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Mine Atsushi , Fujisawa Takuo , Meerbeek Bart Van , Suzuki Kazuomi , Kuboki Takuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating titanium (Ti) with polyphosphoric acid on the attachment and proliferation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Cleaned Ti disks were immersed into three different concentrations of polyphosphoric acid solution (0.1, 1, and 10 wt %) and 10 wt % orthophosphoric acid solution for 24 h at 37°C. Ti immersed in distilled water for 24 h at 37°C served as control. The level of polyphosphoric acid that interacted with the Ti surface was determined by measuring the surface P/Ti ratio (atom%/atom%) using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Degrees of cell attachment (1, 3, 5 h after cell seed) and proliferation (1, 3, 5, and 7 days after cell seed) on each treated Ti disk were evaluated by MTS assay. The mean surface P/Ti ratios increased in a polyphosphoric acid concentration dependent manner. A significantly higher cell attachment was found on Ti treated with polyphosphoric acid in contrast to untreated Ti (control) for all three culture periods. MTS assay also revealed that cell proliferation levels significantly increased following a polyphosphoric acid dose dependency. Ti surface treatment with orthophosphoric acid did not influence the cell attachment and proliferation. It was concluded that polyphosphoric acid treatment of Ti enhanced the attachment and proliferation of hBMSCs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Factors affecting platelet yield and their impact on the platelet increment of patients receiving single donor PLT transfusion
Authors: Enein A. Aboul , Hussein E. A. , Shafie S. El , Hallouda M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the impact of various donor and machine parameters on PLT yield in 127 PLT apheresis procedures, to optimize PLT yield achieving clinical and economic advantages. One hundred and twenty‐seven apheresis procedures were analyzed. Age, gender, volume processed, Hb, and PLT precounts were included as donor predicting variables. AC infusion rate, processing time, and plasma volume collected with PLTs were assessed as machine parameters. We evaluated the post‐transfusion effectiveness in 23 patients with thrombocytopenia, studying the effect of PLT dose, ABO group, and PLT storage time. Females gave higher yields, compared to males, P < 0.01. PLT yield correlated positively with PLT precount (r = 0.512), and TBV (r = 0.404), and negatively with donor preapheresis Hb (r = −0.306). Processing time and AC infusion rate had a positive impact on PLT yield. Post‐apheresis decrease in PLT count was 53.6 ± 26.3 × 1011. Donors with Hb ≥ 12 g/dl, donated safely. Most of the complications were citrate related (13.4% of all procedures). PLT increments in transfused patients correlated positively with the number of units transfused (r = 0.41), and negatively with PLT storage days (r = −0.342). PLT increments in patients receiving ABO‐compatible PLTs were 75% higher, compared to the increments in patients receiving incompatible PLTs. PLT count and volume processed were the main predictors of PLT yield. Increasing the processing time, the AC infusion rate, or the volume of plasma obtained with PLTs can increase PLT yields. High PLT dose, short storage time, as well as ABO compatibility should be considered during PLT transfusion. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2007 © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of 8‐nitroguanine and 8‐oxoguanine due to reactions of peroxynitrite with guanine
Authors: Jena N. R. , Mishra P. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReactions of peroxynitrite with guanine were investigated using density functional theory (B3LYP) employing 6‐31G** and AUG‐cc‐pVDZ basis sets. Single point energy calculations were performed at the MP2/AUG‐cc‐pVDZ level. Genuineness of the calculated transition states (TS) was tested by visually examining the vibrational modes corresponding to the imaginary vibrational frequencies and applying the criterion that the TS properly connected the reactant and product complexes (PC). Genuineness of all the calculated TS was further ensured by intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations. Effects of aqueous media were investigated by solvating all the species involved in the reactions using the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The calculations reveal that the most stable nitro‐product complex involving the anion of 8‐nitroguanine and a water molecule i.e. 8NO2G−+ H2O can be formed according to one reaction mechanism while there are two possible reaction mechanisms for the formation of the oxo‐product complex involving 8‐oxoguanine and anion of the NO2group i.e. 8OG + NO2−. The calculated relative stabilities of the PC, barrier energies of the reactions and the corresponding enthalpy changes suggest that formation of the complex 8OG + NO2−would be somewhat preferred over that of the complex 8NO2G−+ H2O. The possible biological implications of this result are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2007
Induction of strong antitumor immunity by an HSV‐2‐based oncolytic virus in a murine mammary tumor model
Authors: Li Hongtao , Dutuor Aurelie , Fu Xinping , Zhang Xiaoliu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOncolytic viruses have shown considerable promise for the treatment of solid tumors. In previous studies, we demonstrated that a novel oncolytic virus (FusOn‐H2), constructed by replacing the serine/threonine protein kinase (PK) domain of the ICP10 gene of type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV‐2) with the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein, can selectively replicate in and thus lyse tumor cells. 4T1 tumor cells are weakly immunogenic and the mammary tumors derived from them aggressively metastasize to different parts of body, thus providing an attractive model for evaluating anticancer agents. We thus tested the antitumor effect of FusOn‐H2 in this tumor model, in comparisons with several other oncolytic HSVs derived from HSV‐1, including a nonfusogenic HSV‐1 (Baco‐1) and a doubly fusogenic virus (Synco‐2D). Our results show that FusOn‐H2 and Synco‐2D have greater oncolytic activity in vitro than Baco‐1. Moreover, FusOn‐H2 induced strong T cell responses against primary and metastatic mammary tumors in vivo, and splenocytes adoptively transferred from FusOn‐H2‐treated mice effectively prevented metastasis in naïve mice bearing implanted mammary tumors. We conclude that the HSV‐2‐based FusOn‐H2 oncolytic virus may be an effective agent for the treatment of both primary and metastatic breast cancer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibodies to CD11b, CD68, and lectin label neutrophils rather than microglia in traumatic and ischemic brain lesions
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroaki , Kumon Yoshiaki , Watanabe Hideaki , Ohnishi Takanori , Shudou Masachika , Ii Chisato , Takahashi Hisaaki , Imai Yoshinori , Tanaka Junya 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResident quiescent microglia have been thought to respond rapidly to various pathologic events in the brain by proliferating and producing many bioactive substances, including proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we investigated the reaction of microglia in traumatic and ischemic lesions caused by stab wounds and the transient 90‐min occlusion of middle cerebral artery in a mature rat brain. Although many Iba1+ resident microglia underwent apoptotic degeneration in the lesion core within 24 hr after the onset of the brain insult as revealed by TUNEL staining, numerous small, round, isolectin B4+/CD11b+/CD68+ cells were localized in the lesion core. These small, round cells with diameters of 7–9 μm and polymorph nuclei expressed neutrophil‐specific elastase, alkaline phosphatase, and platelet‐activating factor receptor. Accordingly, they were not activated microglia but neutrophils. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to inducible NO synthase (iNOS) showed that most iNOS+ cells were neutrophils. The results from spatial and kinetic analyses using RT‐PCR and immunoblotting were consistent with the immunohistochemical observations. These results suggest the necessity of reevaluating the traditional view on the roles of activated microglia in severe neuropathologic events. Note that the traditional microglial markers isolectin B4, CD11b, and CD68 are not specific for microglia, particularly in a pathologic brain. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basin‐wide warming of the Indian Ocean during El Niño and Indian Ocean dipole years
Authors: Chowdary J. S. , Gnanaseelan C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBasin‐wide wintertime surface warming is observed in the Indian Ocean during El Niño years. The basin‐wide warming is found to be stronger when El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) co‐occur. The mechanisms responsible for the basin‐wide warming are different for the years with El Niño only (El Niño without IOD) and for the co‐occurrence (both El Niño and IOD) years. Strong westward propagation of downwelling Rossby waves is observed in the southern Indian Ocean during the IOD years. Such strong propagation is not seen in the case of the El Niño‐only years. This indicates that the ocean dynamics play an important role in winter warming of the western Indian Ocean during the IOD years. The weak easterly wind anomalies in the El Niño‐only years show no measurable impact on the Wyrtki Jets, but weakening or reversal of these jets is seen in the IOD years. This strongly suggests that the variability related to surface circulation is due to the local IOD forcing rather than El Niño induced wind anomaly. For the El Niño‐only composites, surface heat fluxes (mainly latent heat flux and short wave radiation) play an important role in maintaining the basin‐wide surface warming in the Indian Ocean. In the IOD‐only composites (when there is no El Niño in the Pacific), such basin‐wide warming is not seen because of the absence of ENSO (El Niño and Southern Oscillation) induced subsidence over the eastern Indian Ocean. For the years in which both El Niño in the Pacific and dipole in the Indian Ocean co‐occur, warming in the western Indian Ocean is due to the ocean dynamics and that in the eastern Indian Ocean is due to the anomalous latent heat flux and solar radiation. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
A full‐glacial biota from southeastern Iowa, USA
Authors: Baker Richard G. , Rhodes R. Sanders , Schwert Donald P. , Ashworth Allan C. , Frest Terrence J. , Hallberg George R. , Janssens Jan A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWisconsinan full‐glacial silts filling a swale exposed in Conklin Quarry, Johnson Co., Iowa, contain a large and diverse biota that includes pollen, bryophytes, vascular‐plant macrofossils, small mammals, molluscs, and insects. Radiocarbon dates on wood from the top, middle and bottom of the swale fill respectively were 16710 ± 270, 17 170 ± 205, and 18090 ± 190 yr BP. The pollen diagram is dominated byPicea(spruce),Pinus(pine), and Cyperaceae (sedge), and it records low pollen accumulation rates. Plant macrofossils include a number of tundra species along withPiceaandLarix(larch) needles and small pieces of wood. The insect fauna contains many species now confined to the forest‐tundra transition zone of northwestern Yukon and Alaska. Small mammals include the tundra indicatorsDicrostonyx(collared lemming), and probablyMicrotus miurus(singing vole) together with boreal forest taxa. The molluscs include extinct and relict species and show the widest range in present geographic distribution, but Rocky Mountain and especially northern elements predominate in the swale fill. All these lines of evidence lead to consistent palaeoclimato‐logical interpretation and palaeoecological reconstruction.The dominant habitats represented by the biota and sedimentary environment collectively included open calcareous silty to sandy or gravelly upland sites, minerotrophic fens (wetlands), pond‐ or stream‐side clayey to sandy shores, and shallow (possibly ephemeral), cold, clear‐water ponds. Mean July temperatures were probably 11° to 13°C cooler than at present. The biota indicates that aPicea‐Larixkrummholz with extensive tundra openings was present in southeastern Iowa between 18090 and 16710 yr BP.
Associations between grain characteristics and alcohol yield among soft wheat varieties
Authors: Swanston J Stuart , Smith Pauline L , Gillespie Trudi L , Brosnan James M , Bringhurst Thomas A , Agu Reginald C 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSamples of ten winter wheat varieties, grown at four locations on the eastern side of the UK were assessed for alcohol yield. There was a strong negative association between alcohol yield and grain nitrogen content, but this was strongly influenced by differences between the sites, with a range of alcohol yields observed at given nitrogen levels. Inclusion of grain size parameters, thousand grain weight and grain length:width ratio, along with nitrogen, in a multiple regression, enabled more accurate prediction of alcohol yield for most of the varieties, indicating that grain size would be a useful parameter for selecting the best samples within varieties. A small‐scale measurement of hot water extract, along with grain nitrogen content, gave a reasonable prediction of alcohol yield, but the regression equation was not consistent across seasons. Starch content and turbidity (a measure of the ease of starch release) were both shown to be significantly influenced by variety, but not to give significant correlations with alcohol yield over a range of samples. Positive expression of these characters appeared, however, to contribute to improved alcohol yield in certain of the varieties. It was concluded that different genetic mechanisms influence alcohol yield and that improved breeding lines could be developed by combining positive alcohol yield attributes from complementary parents. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of micellar and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography for characterization of gallium(III) complexes of pharmaceutical significance
Authors: Timerbaev Andrei R. , Vasylenko Oksana O. , Foteeva Lidia S. , Rudnev Alexander V. , Semenova Olga , Keppler Bernhard K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCE with conventional UV detection has recently been shown as a highly effective means to assaying cytotoxic gallium(III)‐based compounds with regard to desirable drug‐like properties such as the stability and binding to serum proteins. In this extension of that work, different CE techniques are used to further characterize a given set of gallium coordination compounds with established antiproliferating efficacy. Using free‐zone CE mode, the electrophoretic profiles of complexes are recorded in order to assess their actual charge state under physiological buffer conditions. Micellar and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatographic techniques are tested as tools for the rapid estimation of the n‐octanol–water partition coefficient (log P) that provides a rationale estimate of a drug's ability to cross biological membranes. A range of electrolyte buffer systems with varying (both in the nature and concentration) organic modifiers are examined to evaluate their effect on the relationship between experimental or calculated log P and the retention factors of compounds (log k′). Both methods were found to be better applicable for neutral than for cationic Ga complexes, the microemulsion mode demonstrating superior lipophilicity estimations as well as statistically meaningful log P versus log k′ correlations when all the complexes were included in one regression set.
Chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for the analysis of biomarkers of oxidative damage to macromolecules (DNA, lipids, and proteins)
Authors: Mateos Raquel , Bravo Laura 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFree radicals and other reactive species can cause oxidative damage to biomolecules when oxidant species exceed the antioxidant defences in the body, resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidatively damaged products have been associated with aging as well as with the development of pathologies like cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, inflammation, etc. Reliable measurements of biomarkers of oxidative damage to macromolecules would afford information on the predisposition and prognosis of certain pathologies, being of utmost importance in evaluation of the effect of intervention with antioxidants on the incidence of diseases associated to oxidative stress. This review will present and compare different analytical methods, especially those involving chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques, commonly used for the analysis of biomarkers of oxidative damage to the three main macromolecules, namely oxidised DNA, lipid peroxidation products, and protein carbonyls.
The formation of pure aluminium corrosion sensing film on fiber and its electrochemical performance
Authors: Qiu Z. , Luo Y. , Song S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently, more and more attention has been put on the research of taking advantages of a fiber sensor on corrosion monitoring, because of its small volume, low weight, quick response, and excellent electromagnetism disturbing resistance etc. But a report about the application of fiber optical sensor is hardly found. In this paper, with the technology of vacuum sputter, pure aluminum corrosion sensing film was directly deposited on the core of fiber corroded away clad. Metallographic Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the structure of the film. It shows that the thickness of the pure aluminum corrosion sensing film is about 14.65 μm, and the film is distributed even and firm. Galvanostatic step were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance in NaCl solution with different concentrations (0.001–0.1 mol/L). The result shows that the corrosion resistance of the sensing film is similar to that of industrial pure aluminum in NaCl solution with the concentration less than 0.1 mol/L. The work in this paper contributes to the research of fiber optical corrosion sensor for monitoring corrosion of aluminum.