bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the French version of the BACS (the brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia) among 50 French schizophrenic patients
Authors: Bralet Marie-Cécile , Falissard Bruno , Neveu Xavier , Lucas-Ross Margaret , Eskenazi Anne-Marie , Keefe Richard S.E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSchizophrenic patients demonstrate impairments in several key dimensions of cognition. These impairments are correlated with important aspects of functional outcome. While assessment of these cognition disorders is increasingly becoming a part of clinical and research practice in schizophrenia, there is no standard and easily administered test battery. The BACS (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) has been validated in English language [Keefe RSE, Golberg TE, Harvey PD, Gold JM, Poe MP, Coughenour L. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia: reliability, sensibility, and comparison with a standard neurocognitive battery. Schizophr. Res 2004;68:283–97], and was found to be as sensitive to cognitive dysfunction as a standard battery of tests, with the advantage of requiring less than 35 min to complete. We developed a French adaptation of the BACS and this study tested its ease of administration and concurrent validity. Correlation analyses between the BACS (version A) and a standard battery were performed. A sample of 50 stable schizophrenic patients received the French Version A of the BACS in a first session, and in a second session a standard battery. All the patients completed each of the subtests of the French BACS . The mean duration of completion for the BACS French version was 36 min (S.D. = 5.56). A correlation analysis between the BACS (version A) global score and the standard battery global score showed a significant result (r= 0.81,p< 0.0001). The correlation analysis between the BACS (version A) sub-scores and the standard battery sub-scores showed significant results for verbal memory, working memory, verbal fluency, attention and speed of information processing and executive functions (p< 0.001) and for motor speed (p< 0.05). The French Version of the BACS is easier to use in French schizophrenic patients compared to a standard battery (administration shorter and completion rate better) and its good psychometric properties suggest that the French Version of the BACS may be a useful tool for assessing cognition in schizophrenic patients with French as their primary language.
Obstetric outcome following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding
Authors: Ducarme G. , Revaux A. , Rodrigues A. , Aissaoui F. , Pharisien I. , Uzan M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective: To evaluate obstetric outcomes following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in obese women. Methods; Obstetric outcomes were compared in a retrospective case‐control study with 427 obese women, 13 who underwent LABG and 414 who did not. Results: The mean weight gain during pregnancy was significantly lower in the LABG group than among controls (5.5 kg vs. 7.1 kg; P < 0.05). The incidence of pre‐eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, low birth weight, and fetal macrosomia was less in the LABG group (P < 0.05), and the incidence of cesarean deliveries during labor was half in the LAGB group (15.3% vs. 34.4%; P < 0.01). Neonatal outcomes were not significantly different in the 2 groups. Conclusions: Among obese women, the incidence of adverse obstetric outcomes was less in those who underwent LABG than in those who did not. These results suggest that obese women who wish to become pregnant would decrease their risk of obstetric complications if they first underwent LAGB.
Excess in precipitation as a cause for settlement decline along the Israeli coastal plain during the third millennium BC
Authors: Faust Avraham , Ashkenazy Yosef 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough the relations between climate and settlement are not straightforward, there is a general agreement that arid conditions are less favorable for human settlement in the semiarid Near East than humid conditions. Here we show that humid conditions resulted in the abandonment of settlements along the Israeli coastal plain. We first present archaeological evidence for a drastic decline in settlement along the Israeli coast during most of the third millennium BC (Early Bronze Age II–III). Then, based on archaeological and climatic evidence, we link this decline to an environmental change occurring at that time. We propose that increased precipitation intensified the already existing drainage problems and resulted in flooding, which led to the transformation of arable land into marshes and to the spread of diseases, gradually causing settlement decline and abandonment.
Understanding Merapi‐type volcanoes
Authors: Purbawinata Mas Atje , Ratdomopurbo Antonius , Surono  , Pallister John , Luehr Birger , Newhall Chris 
Published: April 2007

‘We have to understand volcano science to know what to monitor.” That simple statement by Antonius Ratdomopurbo, director of the Indonesian Center for Volcano Technology [Balai Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan‐Teknologi (BPPTK)],captured the spirit and content of a recent workshop about Merapi and Merapi‐type volcanoes.Merapi still is experiencing low levels of unrest, following a peak in eruptive activity on 14 June 2006, when pyroclastic flows swept into the evacuated village of Kali Adem and killed two workers who refused to leave. The volcano is an essential element that underlies life in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: It is a constant reminder of the perilous beauty as well as the mystical stature of volcanoes in Indonesia, the world's most volcanically active country. It also is a proving ground for new technologies and monitoring methods in volcano hazards.
Wunsch receives 2006 William Bowie medal
Authors: Fu Lee‐Lueng , Wunsch Carl 
Published: April 2007

Carl Wunsch was awarded the 2006 William Bowie Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, which was held on 13 December 2006, in San Francisco, Calif. The medal recognizes outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research.Carl Wunsch is a visionary in the study of the ocean and its roles in climate change. Through the impact of research, vision, leadership, and unselfish cooperation, he has shaped the landscape of modern oceanography.
Watson awarded 2006 Walter H. Bucher medal
Authors: Ryerson F. J. , Watson E. Bruce 
Published: April 2007

E. Bruce Watson was awarded the Walter H. Bucher Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting honors ceremony, which was held on 13 December 2006 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal recognizes original contributions to the basic knowledge of crust and lithosphere.It is with great pleasure that I introduce Bruce Watson as this year's recipient of the Walter H. Bucher Medal. This honor comes at an opportune moment, as 2006 represents the thirtieth anniversary of Bruce's first publications on the role of silicate melt structure in trace element partitioning. As always, Bruce's approach to the problem was original, in this case investigating mineral‐melt partitioning by simply eliminating the mineral, and instead focusing the distribution of trace elements between immiscible melts. In 2006, a conceptually identical paper appeared in the pages of Science. This affords a quantification not often observed at awards ceremonies: Exactly how far ahead of his time was Bruce Watson? The answer is, 30±1 years.
Satellite observations of new volcanic island in Tonga
Authors: Vaughan R. Greg , Abrams Michael J. , Hook Simon J. , Pieri David C. 
Published: April 2007

A rising volcanic plume from an unknown source was observed on 9–11 August 2006 in the Vava'u Island group in the northernmost islands of Tonga [Matangi News Online, 2006]. On 12 August, the crew on board the yacht Maiken, sailing west from Vava'u to Fiji, encountered “a vast, many miles wide, belt of densely packed pumice” floating on the water (F. Fransson personal communication, 2006). Later, the crew sailed south and discovered that the source of the pumice was a newly erupting submarine volcano near Home Reef (18.991°S, 174.767°W) (Figure la).The submarine Home Reef volcano last erupted in 1984, creating a small, temporary island, 1500 meters long×500 meters wide [Smithsonian Institution, 1984]. The 1984 eruption also produced large amounts of pumice that rafted away with the currents, and over the following year the floating pumice traveled to beaches as far away as Fiji and Australia [Smithsonian Institution, 1985; Bryan et al., 2004]. With time, these ocean‐voyaging pumice fragments can have far‐reaching ecological effects as a transportation mechanism for some marine organisms [Bryan et al., 2004].
Education, outreach, and marketing
Authors: Stein Seth 
Published: April 2007

Education and outreach programs seek to improve science education and the public's understanding of science. Although many scientists are doing much good work through these programs, others are uneasy with them, believing that they are unseemly and peripheral to ‘real’ science.I suggest taking a broader view and adding ‘marketing’ to ‘education and outreach.’ Education is business as usual for university scientists. Scientists think they know what to do, do it well at the college level, and can help at secondary and primary grade levels. Outreach sounds like public service—no harm, but not crucial. In contrast, many organizations consider marketing as a vital function and seek to do it better.
Navrotsky awarded 2006 Harry H. Hess medal
Authors: Prewitt Charles T. , Liebermann Robert C. , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: April 2007

Alexandra Navrotsky was awarded the Harry H. Hess Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting honors ceremony, which was held on 13 December 2006 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal recognizes outstanding achievements in research in the constitution and evolution of Earth and other planets.It is a great privilege and honor to introduce Alexandra Navrotsky as the recipient of the 2006 Harry H. Hess Medal. She is an outstanding scientist who has made important contributions to our understanding of minerals and other materials through a wide range of theoretical and experimental applications of thermodynamics. She was trained as a physical chemist and originally approached oxide chemistry through a materials perspective. However, her interests broadened and she became known as a leading authority in a wide range of subjects from chemistry through materials science to the geosciences. She held faculty positions at Arizona State University (Tempe) and Princeton University (N.J.) and is now at the University of California, Davis.
Thomas Schmugge awarded 2006 Robert E. Horton medal
Authors: Brutsaert Wilfried H. , Schmugge Thomas 
Published: April 2007

Thomas Schmugge was awarded the Robert E. Horton Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting honors ceremony, which was held on 13 December 2006 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal recognizes outstanding contributions to hydrology.For the past 30 years, Thomas Schmugge has been a truly peerless intellectual leader in improving both the theory and the application of microwave and infrared radiative transfer for the remote sensing of the land surface, especially soil moisture, surface temperature, and emissivity. Without exaggeration, he has been a trailblazer and is now unquestionably one of the few world experts on remote sensing in hydrology.
Kutzbach receives 2006 Roger Revelle Medal
Authors: William Ruddiman , Kutzbach John E. 
Published: April 2007

John E. Kutzbach was awarded the Roger Revelle Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting honors ceremony, which was held on 13 December 2006 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal recognizes outstanding contributions in atmospheric sciences, atmosphere‐ocean coupling, atmosphere‐land coupling, biogeochemical cycles, climate, or related aspects of the Earth system.John Kutzbach's career contributions to climate science are broad and deep. After a distinguished early career in atmospheric sciences, he shifted into paleoclimate during the 1970s. His subsequent research used general circulation models to explore several problems, including insolation and icesheet forcing of regional climates during the last deglaciation and in the late Holocene, the megamonsoon climates on the supercontinent Pangaea, and the climatic impacts of uplift of Tibet. These and other studies are characterized by an impressive economy of design, clarity of interpretation, and depth of insight into the operation of the climate system. Together, this body of work forms a large part of the framework of our current understanding of past climates.
Volcanic eruptions at East Pacific Rise near 9°50′N
Authors: Cowen James P. , Glazer Brian , Fornari Daniel J. , Shank Timothy M. , Soule S. Adam , Love Brooke , Treusch Alexander , Pomranig Kyle R. , Holmes R. Chadwick , Tolstoy Maya , Baker Edward T. 
Published: April 2007

Evidence for recent volcanic eruptions along the fast spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR) crest near 9°50′N spanning about 4 to 5 months of activity was discovered in April and May 2006 as a result of studies related to the U.S. National Science Foundation' (NSF) Ridge2000 (R2K) program. In April, during routine recovery and redeployment of ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBS) at the EPR R2K Integrated Study Site (ISS) near 9°50′N, eight of 12 OBS could not be recovered [Tolstoy et al, 2006]. Anomalous turbidity and temperature structure in the water column along the ridge axis confirmed scientists' suspicions that the OBS were trapped by a new lava flow.A resurgence in magmatism recently had been postulated, based on temporal changes observed over the past few years in hydrothermal vent fluid chemistry and temperatures [Von Damm et al, 2004] and increasing microseismicity [Tolstoy et al, 2006].
Effort continues to double budget at several science agencies
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: April 2007

The Bush Administration has proposed continuing last year's American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI) in the rollout of the $2.9 trillion Fiscal Year (FY) 2008 U.S. federal budget request, released on 5 February. Over a 10‐year period, ACI would double the cumulative budgets of the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology ‘core’intramural research and facilities.The initiative got off to an uneven start last year, however. Although the U.S. Congress passed FY2007 budgets for defense and homeland security, since 1 October 2006 all other departments and agencies have been operating under a series of continuing resolutions. These resolutions provide funding at the lowest of the levels set in either of the appropriations bills passed by the House of Representatives or the Senate or the amount provided in FY2006.
How nature foiled the 2006 hurricane forecasts
Authors: Lau William K. M. , Kim Kyu‐Myong 
Published: April 2007

The 2006 hurricane season proved again that predicting Mother Nature is a very precarious undertaking.At the beginning of the season, all signs indicated that it would be more active than average: Sea surface temperature (SST) was above normal, vertical wind shear was low, and sea level pressure was reduced over the tropical Atlantic. Many forecasters believed that these features foreshadowed a continuation of the trend of nine preceding years of above‐normal hurricane seasons. Given the recent warming tendency in the Atlantic and the prevailing favorable preseason conditions, there was no wonder that even by August 2006, forecasters were still calling for an above‐normal frequency of tropical storms and hurricanes.
Schmittner receives 2006 ocean sciences early career award
Authors: Mix Alan C. , Schmittner Andreas 
Published: April 2007

Andreas Schmittner received the Ocean Sciences Early Career Award at the 2006 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., in recognition of significant contributions to and promise in the ocean sciences.I am pleased to introduce Andreas Schmittner as a recipient of the Ocean Sciences Early Career Award, in recognition of his contributions to understanding global change through coupled modeling of the Earth system. Andreas is addressing an exceptionally broad range of topics spanning physical oceanography, atmospheric sciences, ecology, chemistry, and geology.
NOAA seeks guidance on ocean acidification research
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2007

As the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, the oceans become more acidic. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has already developed a 5‐year interdisciplinary program on ocean acidification, which includes establishing coral reef monitoring stations, research on the physiological responses of various organisms to increasing ocean acidity, modeling of ocean acidification and its socioeconomic effect, and development of technology for measuring and monitoring carbon dioxide in the oceans.NOAAs Science Advisory Board (SAB) is considering whether the agency's plans are appropriate for addressing the requirements of both science and national policy and whether NOAA should be the lead agency in this area of research.
Reply to Comments on “A turning point in auroral physics”
Authors: Bryant Duncan A. 
Published: April 2007

Haerendel's conviction (An Apparent Controversy in Auroral Physics, Eos, this issue) that a potential difference is responsible for the downward acceleration of auroral electrons is based on there being an upward acceleration of positive ions, caused apparently by a corresponding electric field. However, even if one accepts on face value this indication of an upward directed quasi‐static electric field, the inevitable presence of a downward directed field farther along the line, where the equipotentials must close and the ions are slowed down again, prevents the negative potential well having any net effect on the energy of either ions or electrons traversing it. The conviction is therefore unfounded.Stern (Origin of Auroral Arcs, Eos, this issue) is swayed to the same conclusion by the fact that in order to deliver the necessary power, electrons need to be forced through the magnetic mirror field. Again, though, even setting aside the fact that static fields cannot produce net acceleration, the conclusion overlooks the fact that any process leading to downward acceleration will accomplish the same feat. Similarly, his claim that a voltage drop has been shown to exist is false. The measurements in question were of electrons, not electric fields. They demonstrate that downward acceleration occurs but do not reveal the process responsible.
A European Network for Earth System Modeling
Authors: Valcke Sophie , Budich Reinhard , Carter Mick , Guilyardi Eric , Foujols Marie‐Alice , Lautenschlager Michael , Redler René , Steenman‐Clark Lois , Wedi Nils 
Published: April 2007

The increasing complexity of Earth system models and the computing facilities needed to run those models put a heavy technical burden on research teams active in climate modeling. To ease this burden, a European collaborative venture called PRISM was initiated in December 2001 to organize a network of experts in order to share the development, maintenance, and support of Earth system modeling software tools and community standards. PRISM was recently reorganized, and a new Web portal (http://prism.enes.org) was unveiled in July 2006.The PRISM network was developed with the hope that advancing specific common standards and tools will reduce the technical development efforts of individual research teams, facilitate the assembling, running, and postprocessing of Earth system models based on state‐of‐the‐art component models, and hence facilitate scientific collaboration between the different research groups in Europe and elsewhere.
Preview of AGU digital library
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2007

AGU members who subscribe to Geophysical Research Letters or the Member Journal Library now have access to scanned issues of GRL going back to Vol. 1, 1974. This begins the first phase of the AGU Digital Library project to digitize all journals to their earliest volume. The current preview does not include linked references or PDF purchase, which will be available when the library is complete.The AGU Digital Library will include over 60,000 AGU journal articles going back to 1896 followed by over 600 books and 100,000 pages of Eos and its predecessor Transactions. For more information visit www.agu.org/pubs/e_publishing/digitize_2007.html
NASA lacks funds for Earth science decadal survey projects
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: April 2007

NASA does not have the resources to complete all of the projects set forth in the U.S. National Academies decadal survey for Earth Sciences, NASA Administrator Michael Griffin told the U.S. House of Representatives Science and Technology Committee at a 22 March hearing.Griffin said that although he respects the advice put forth by the National Academies, “we cannot do every mission in the Earth science decadal [survey] with the money that we have.” He noted that the Fiscal Year 2008 budget request for NASA, the subject of the hearing, does provide a modest 3% increase in funding for the agency. However, he admitted that the budget “does not purchase all of the things that all of us would like to purchase.”
Committee of visitors' advice to NSF Ocean Sciences Division
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: April 2007

The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) convenes an external group, called a Committee of Visitors (COV), every 3 years to provide advice to NSF management about the foundation's divisions and programs. Specifically, the COV provides an assessment of the quality and integrity of program operations pertaining to proposal decisions, and the degree to which awardees have contributed to the attainment of NSF's mission.The COV for the Division of Ocean Sciences (OCE) met at NSF on 26–28 June 2006. Findings in the COV report (http://www.nsf.gov/geo/acgeo_cov.jsp) include the following.
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunitMdα6fromMusca domesticais diversified via post‐transcriptional modification
Authors: Gao J.‐R. , Deacutis J. M. , Scott J. G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecent studies showed that deletion of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit gene,Dα6inDrosophila melanogasterresults in a strain that is resistant to spinosad, indicating thatDα6is important for the toxic action of this insecticide. To determine if spinosad resistance in house flies was due to a mutation(s) ofMdα6(the orthologue ofDα6from house flies), cDNAs were cloned and characterized from an insecticide‐susceptible and a spinosad‐resistant strain of the house fly,Musca domestica. The cDNAs contain a 1470‐bp open reading frame encoding 490 amino acid residues, 415‐bp 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and a polymorphic 3′‐UTR of ∼371 bp. The predicted mature protein possesses 468 amino acid residues, has the typical features of a nAChR α subunit and is 97% identical toDα6. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis revealed thatMdα6was expressed in the head and the thorax at 1300‐ and 26‐fold higher levels, respectively, than in the abdomen. There was no difference in the expression level ofMdα6between spinosad‐resistant and susceptible strains. Ten isoforms arising from alternative splicing were characterized, with isoform II being most common. A‐to‐I RNA editing was examined and found at 12 sites: editing at 11 of these sites resulted in an amino acid substitution.Mdα6is linked to autosome 1 (spinosad resistance was previously shown to be linked to autosome 1). Single nucleotide polymorphisms, alternative splicing, mRNA levels and A‐to‐I RNA editing were compared between head and thorax and between insecticide‐susceptible and spinosad‐resistant strains. These comparisons indicate thatMdα6is not responsible for spinosad resistance in house flies.