bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Single-Cell Expanded Marrow Derived Progenitors in a Developing Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Following Systemic Transplantation
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Xujun , Niyibizi Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
We evaluated single-cell-expanded, marrow-derived progenitors for engraftment in a developing mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) following systemic transplantation. The present study was initiated to evaluate the potential of mesenchymal stem cells to treat OI. Single-cell-derived progenitors were prepared from marrow stromal cells harvested from normal mice. Selected single-cell-expanded progenitors marked with green fluorescent protein were injected into the neonatal mouse model of OI, and the recipient mice were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks following cell transplantation. Examination of the tissues harvested from recipient mice at 2 and 4 weeks after cell transplantation demonstrated that the cells extravasated and engrafted in most of the bones as well as other tissues. Tissue sections made from the tibias and femurs of a selected recipient mouse showed that the cells were distributed in bone marrow, trabecular, and cortical bone as demonstrated by histology and confocal microscopy. The cells that engrafted in the bones of the recipient mouse synthesized and deposited type I collagen composed of α1(I) and α2(I) collagen heterotrimers. Genotyping and gene expression analysis of the cells retrieved from the bones of the recipient mouse at 2 and 4 weeks demonstrated that the cells expressed osteoblast-specific genes, suggesting that the donor cells differentiated into osteoblasts in vivo with no evidence of cell fusion. These data suggest that progenitors infused in developing mice will engraft in various tissues including bones, undergo differentiation, and deposit matrix and form bone in vivo.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Network‐based fault detection for discrete‐time state‐delay systems: A new measurement model
Authors: He Xiao , Wang Zidong , Ji Y. D. , Zhou D. H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the fault detection problem is studied for a class of discrete‐time networked systems with multiple state delays and unknown input. A new measurement model is proposed to account for both the random measurement delays and the stochastic data missing (package dropout) phenomenon, which are typically resulted from the limited capacity of the communication networks. At any time point, one of the following cases (random events) occurs: measurement missing case, no time‐delay case, one‐step delay case, two‐step delay case, …,q‐step delay case. The probabilistic switching between different cases is assumed to obey a homogeneous Markovian chain. We aim to design a fault detection filter such that, for all unknown input and incomplete measurements, the error between the residual and weighted faults is made as small as possible. The addressed fault detection problem is first converted into an auxiliaryH∞filtering problem for a certain Markovian jumping system (MJS). Then, with the help of the bounded real lemma of MJSs, a sufficient condition for the existence of the desired fault detection filter is established in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed techniques. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of the physical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) by copolymerization with pentafluorophenyl methacrylate
Authors: Tagaya Akihiro , Harada Tomoaki , Koike Koutarou , Koike Yasuhiro , Okamoto Yoshiyuki , Teng Hongxiang , Yang Liang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCopolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFPMA) of various compositions were prepared with a free‐radical initiator. When PFPMA was included in the copolymers, the glass‐transition temperatures increased and showed a positive deviation from the Gordon–Taylor equation. A copolymer containing 20 wt % PFPMA exhibited almost zero orientational birefringence, and the photoelastic birefringence became zero when the copolymer contained 13 wt % PFPMA. When 20 wt % PFPMA was incorporated into the MMA copolymer, its water absorption decreased to 0.4 wt % versus 1.8 wt % for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) under the same condition. The flammability of the PFPMA/MMA copolymer was reduced in comparison with that of the MMA homopolymer. The refractive indices of the PFPMA/MMA copolymers were very close to that of PMMA, and the transmittances of the copolymers were slightly better than that of PMMA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Preparation and characterization of composites of polyaniline nanorods and multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with polyaniline
Authors: Su Chang , Wang Gengchao , Huang Farong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractComposites of polyaniline (PANI) nanorods and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) coated with PANI were prepared by in situ polymerization with perchloric acid as a dopant. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the coexisting composites of PANI nanorods and MWNTs coated with PANI were formed at low MWNT contents. The interaction between MWNTs and PANI was proved by Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectra. The electrical conductivity of a dedoped PANI/MWNT composite with a 16.3 wt % concentration of MWNTs reached 3.0 × 10−3 S/cm, which was 6 orders of magnitude higher than that of dedoped PANInanorods. The results also showed that coexisting composites of PANI nanorods and MWNTs coated with PANI had high electrochemical activity and good cyclic stability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Combustion synthesis and luminescence properties of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+,Tb3+ phosphor
Authors: Song Huajie , Chen Donghua 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEu2+, Dy3+ and Tb3+ co‐doped strontium aluminate phosphor with high brightness and long afterglow was synthesized by a combustion method, using urea as a reducer. The properties of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+,Tb3+ phosphor with a series of initiating combustion temperatures, urea concentrations and boric acid molar fractions were investigated. The sample at initiating combustion temperature of 600°C exhibited an intense emission peak at 513 nm, in which the phosphor existed as a single‐phase monoclinic structure. The experimental results showed that the optimum ratio of urea is 2.0 times higher than theoretical quantities and that the suitable molar fraction of H3BO3 is 0.08. The average particle size of the phosphor was 50–80 nm and its luminescence properties were studied systematically. Compared with SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor, the initial luminescence brightness improved from 2.50 candela (cd)/m2 to 3.55 cd/m2 and the long afterglow time was prolonged from 1290 s to 2743 s. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the generation mechanism of reactive oxygen species on calcium peroxide by chemiluminescence and UV‐visible spectra
Authors: Ma Yong , Zhang Bo‐Tao , Zhao Lixia , Guo Guangsheng , Lin Jin‐Ming 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn the present work, the generation mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on calcium peroxide (CaO2) was studied. A very intense chemiluminescence (CL) signal was observed when adding an aqueous solution of luminol or 2‐methyl‐6‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,7‐dihydroimidazo[1,2α]‐pyrazin‐3‐one hydrochloride (MCLA) to a suspension of CaO2. The ROS released on CaO2 were thought to be oxidizing agents leading to CL, and were characterized by CL, UV‐visible (UV‐vis) spectra and the effective scavengers of the special ROS. From experimental results, the hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide (•O2−) radicals were suggested to exist on the surface of CaO2. A reaction scheme for the formation of the ROS on CaO2 was also proposed and discussed. Of more interest was the finding that the CaO2 which released the •OH and •O2− on the surface exhibited good transition properties compared with alkaline‐earth metal peroxides of the same group (MgO2, BaO2). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐competitive immunoassay for luteinizing hormone in human serum using capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Zhang Yingxue , Zhang Zhujun , Yang Feng 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA non‐competitive immunoassay based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection has been developed for the determination of luteinizing hormone (LH) in human serum. The work involved the development of separation and CL conditions, allowing for routine analysis of serum samples. In this study, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐labelled monoclonal anti‐LH can catalyse the luminol–hydrogen peroxide reaction. The determined LH can react with excessive amount of HRP‐labelled anti‐LH. Within 14 min, free enzyme conjugate and immune complex could be separated in alkaline borate buffer by means of a high voltage (15 kV). To improve sensitivity, a series of measures were adopted, including the choice of para‐iodophenol as a CL enhancer, unique design in detect window. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curve for LH was established in the concentration range 1–200 mIU/mL and the detection limit was 0.08 mIU/mL. Compared with ELISA, this method decreased the detection limit by about 12 times, and it has been successfully employed in the determination of LH in human serum. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High photoluminescence quantum yield of TiO2 nanocrystals prepared using an alcohothermal method
Authors: Li Yanting , Song Cuihong , Wang Yunqing , Wei Yu , Wei Yongju , Hu Yuzhu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHighly dispersible TiO2 nanocrystals (∼6 nm) were prepared by an alcohothermal method. A strong and stable photoluminescence emission with a maximum at 450 nm was observed in the original TiO2 nanocrystals colloid. Compared with the emission from quinine sulphate in 0.05 mol/L sulphuric acid, the emission quantum yield of TiO2 nanocrystals was determined to be about 0.20, which was much higher than the values (0.002 and 0.001) reported in previous studies. The fluorescence micrograph of TiO2 nanocrystals encapsulated in lipsomes shows that TiO2 nanocrystals prepared in such a way have potential application as a fluorescence probe in biological imaging. Research on the luminescence mechanism indicates that the surface state and extent of crystallization of the TiO2 nanocrystals are crucial factors in the high photoluminescence quantum yield obtained in this study. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precomputing data‐driven tree animation
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhang Yubo , Jiang Zhongding , Li Luying , Chen Wei , Peng Qunsheng 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe present a data‐driven approach that synthesizes tree animations from a set of pre‐computed motion data. Our approach improves previous motion synthesis algorithms for character animation in several aspects. We first introduce a simple yet effective sampling scheme to generate a rich and reusable motion database for each tree model. We also propose a novel technique to generate a fine set of transitions that are uniformly distributed in the motion database. The transition lengths are adaptively determined according to the similarity of the transiting frame pairs. In the runtime, we employ a greedy searching algorithm to synthesize smooth tree animations under an adjustable wind condition. Experimental results show that our approach achieves comparable quality to physically based methods, while in orders of magnitude faster performance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selecting wavelet transform scales for multivariate classification
Authors: Woody Nathaniel A. , Brown Steven D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe wavelet transform is a relatively new method that partitions a signal into components which differ in the frequency of their features. Chemical data can be thought of as a signal being composed of several different frequency components, some more analytically significant than others. Therefore, a wavelet transform can be used to transform chemical data into components, called scales, which differ in the underlying frequency of the signal. These scales possess different signal to noise ratios, or alternatively contain different amounts of information, than the original data. In this manuscript, two classification problems are used to demonstrate how this property can be exploited to improve classification performance. We demonstrate that the classification performance of the individual scales varies, and we show that selectively combining scales results in a classifier with better performance than that of either a classifier trained on the original data or developed on any individual scale. This analysis demonstrates the applicability of the wavelet transform as a simple preprocessing step that can improve classification performance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
c‐Maf interacts with c‐Myb to down‐regulate Bcl‐2 expression and increase apoptosis in peripheral CD4 cells
Authors: Peng Siying , Lalani Saif , Leavenworth Jianmei W. , Ho I‐Cheng , Pauza Mary E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe transcription factor c‐Maf is critical for IL‐4 production and the development of Th2 cells, which promote humoral immunity and protect against extracellular parasites. Yet, little else is known of c‐Maf function in CD4 cells. Here, we identify a novel role for c‐Maf in regulating susceptibility to apoptosis. Overexpression of c‐Maf results in increased susceptibility of CD4 cells to apoptosis induced by multiple stimuli, including growth factor withdrawal, dexamethasone, irradiation, and TCR engagement. This effect is independent of Fas or p53; however, Bcl‐2 expression is reduced in c‐Maf Tg CD4 cells. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses demonstrate that c‐Maf–c‐Myb complex formation is enhanced among T cells from c‐Maf Tg mice compared to non‐Tg littermates following TCR engagement. Unlike non‐Tg T cells, c‐Myb binding to the Bcl‐2 promoter is not detectable in c‐Maf Tg T cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In reporter assays, Bcl‐2 promoter activity is reduced by c‐Maf in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, transgene‐mediated Bcl‐2 expression corrects the apoptosis defect observed among c‐Maf Tg CD4 cells. These data suggest that c‐Maf can interact with c‐Myb to reduce Bcl‐2 expression, thereby limiting CD4 cell survival following TCR engagement.
A preliminary study of spiritual self‐schema (3‐S+) therapy for reducing impulsivity in HIV‐positive drug users
Authors: Margolin Arthur , Schuman‐Olivier Zev , Beitel Mark , Arnold Ruth M. , Fulwiler Carl E. , Avants S. Kelly 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was twofold. First, pretreatment correlations are presented among impulsivity, intoxicant use, HIV risk behavior, spirituality, and motivation in a sample of 38 HIV‐positive drug users. Second, treatment outcomes are presented from a preliminary study of spiritual self‐schema (3‐S+) therapy—a manual‐guided psychotherapy integrating cognitive and Buddhist psychologies—for increasing motivation for abstinence, HIV prevention, and medication adherence. Impulsivity was negatively correlated with spiritual practices and motivation for recovery, and was positively related to intoxicant use and HIV risk behavior. Relative to a standard care comparison condition, patients completing 3‐S+therapy reported greater decreases in impulsivity and intoxicant use, and greater increases in spiritual practices and motivation for abstinence, HIV prevention, and medication adherence. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 979–999, 2007.
Synergism of microwave irradiation and enzyme catalysis in synthesis of isoniazid
Authors: Yadav Ganapati D , Sajgure Ashwini D 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIsoniazid is a useful antitubercular drug widely employed in combination therapy with rifampicin. The synthesis of isoniazid from ethyl isonicotinate and hydrazine hydrate was studied in non‐aqueous media via lipase‐catalyzed hydrazinolysis under both conventional heating and microwave irradiation by using different supported lipases. Among three different commercial lipases used, namely Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica lipase), Lipozyme RM IM (Rhizomucor miehei lipase) and Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase), Novozym 435 was found to be the most effective, with conversion of 54% for equimolar concentrations at 50 °C in 4 h. The rate of reaction as well as final conversion increased synergistically under microwave irradiation in comparison with conventional heating, which showed 36.4% conversion, even after 24 h, for the control experiment. Effects of various process parameters such as speed of agitation, catalyst loading, substrate concentration, product concentration and temperature were studied. A kinetic model is also described. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Biological nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor using ethanol as carbon source
Authors: Puig Sebastià , Coma Marta , van Loosdrecht Mark CM , Colprim Jesús , Balaguer Maria D 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: When organic matter is limiting for biological nutrient removal (BNR) from wastewater, external organic carbon can be added to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This increases the overall treatment cost, so the choice of substrate is critical. The effect of using ethanol as the carbon source for BNR is investigated.RESULTS: The results clearly showed that using ethanol as a carbon source is a promising strategy for removing nutrients from wastewater. Effluent concentrations of 3.0 mg total nitrogen (TN) L−1 (96% N removal efficiency) and 0.05 mg phosphate (P‐PO4) L−1 (99.9% P removal efficiency) were obtained. Furthermore, tests performed in order to identify the carbon source used by polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAOs) showed that the phosphorus release/carbon uptake ratio using ethanol (0.41 mmol P mmol−1 C) was slightly lower than that with acetate (0.50 mmol P mmol−1 C) but close to that with propionate (0.42 mmol P mmol−1 C).CONCLUSION: Therefore, taking into account the results presented for ethanol‐acclimatised biomass and the fact that the cost of ethanol is lower than that of acetate or propionate, ethanol can be considered as an alternative carbon source if one is needed in a WWTP. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Nitrification monitoring in a biofilter treating pig manure
Authors: Gilbert Yan , Lessard Paul , Le Bihan Yann , Aubry Geneviève , Duchaine Caroline , Veillette Marc 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Nitrogen removal by organic biofilters treating pig manure is incomplete and has to be optimized. This could be achieved by promoting the activity of denitrifiers, this being the limiting factor for nitrogen removal in this kind of process. However, changing the operating conditions could impair nitrification; no data are currently available about the activity and distribution of nitrifiers in organic biofilters. A better knowledge of the process of colonization by nitrifiers is needed to determine their potential to oxidize ammonia and whether they share the same physical space as denitrifiers or not.RESULTS: Data showed that nitrifiers were principally localized near the surface and that a microbiological gradient, in terms of nitrifying activity, was present from top to bottom. Moreover, in each section studied, the potential nitrifying activity measured was always higher than the observed nitrifying activity. These results suggest that the biomass had the capacity to oxidize more ammonia and that these transformations occurred near the surface of the biofilter. However, nitrifying activities were not limited by environmental factors but rather by the concentration of ammonia supplied to the process.CONCLUSIONS: Because denitrifiers and nitrifiers share the same physical space in this kind of process, particular precautions will have to be taken to maintain nitrification, while modifying conditions to promote denitrifier activity. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of process variables on liquid hot water pretreatment of wheat straw for bioconversion to fuel‐ethanol in a batch reactor
Authors: Pérez José A , González Alberto , Oliva J Miguel , Ballesteros Ignacio , Manzanares Paloma 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Crop residues as wheat straw are potential sources for fuel‐ethanol production as an alternative to current production based on starch‐ or sugar‐containing feedstocks. In this work, the effect of liquid hot water (LHW) process parameters, i.e. temperature (170 and 200 °C), residence time (0 and 40 min), solid concentration (5% and 10% (w/v)) and overpressure applied in the reactor (30 bar and no overpressure), on pretreatment of wheat straw was studied using a full factorial experimental design. Pretreatment effectiveness was evaluated based on the composition of the solid and liquid fractions obtained after filtration of pretreated material, and the susceptibility of the solid fraction to enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) using commercial cellulases.RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that only temperature and time, within the limits of the experimental range, have a significant effect on the responses studied. While the effect of pretreatment time in hemicellulose‐derived sugar recovery in prehydrolyzate depends on temperature, EH yield was enhanced as both temperature and time were increased. Maximum EH yield was 96 g glucose per 100 g potential glucose in pretreated residue. Xylan and acetyl groups content remaining in solid residue after pretretament, which were found to be directly correlated, had a marked effect on pretreated substrate degradability.CONCLUSIONS: LHW is an effective pretreatment to enhance the potential of wheat straw as substrate for ethanol production. Maximum hemicellulose‐derived sugar recovery (53% of content in raw material) and EH yield (96% of theoretical) fall within different temperature and time intervals, suggesting separate optimization designs for these responses. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Upgrading biomass wastes in chemical technology. Humic acid‐like matter isolated from compost as chemical auxiliary for textile dyeing
Authors: Savarino Piero , Montoneri Enzo , Biasizzo Miriam , Quagliotto Pierluigi , Viscardi Guido , Boffa Vittorio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: In the context of the modern concern regarding rapid consumption and low availability of fossil sources of energy and chemicals, urban and agro‐industrial sources of chemicals represent interesting environmentally friendly alternatives. A recent paper has shown that a humic acid‐like material extracted from urban and green wastes compost exhibits very good surfactant properties. A large number of technological applications could possibly use this material as a chemical auxiliary. This paper reports on the performance of the material as a chemical auxiliary in textile dyeing.RESULTS: The compost‐isolated humic acid‐like bio‐surfactant is shown to perform in nylon 6 microfiber dyeing by water soluble and insoluble dyes as well as and more conveniently than commercial sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). With both types of dye the bio‐surfactant allows the same quality of dyed product as the synthetic surfactants do, but at lower additive concentration. From process cost and environmental impact points of view, the bio‐surfactant has the advantages of operating at much lower additive concentrations and should be available at significantly lower cost than the synthetic surfactants.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that biomass wastes may be a low cost renewable source of chemicals with friendly environmental impact. Such a perspective implies economic and environmental benefits deriving from a new waste management technology that considers biomass waste as a source of chemicals, and from lower oil consumption in the manufacture of synthetic surfactants. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry