bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality evaluation of D‐zone omega gliadins in wheat
Authors: Johansson E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOne‐hundred and eighty‐one wheat cultivars and breeding lines of diverse origin, together with 409 and 540 Swedish spring and winter wheat breeding lines, respectively, were analysed by electrophoretical methods for D‐zone omega gliadins. Correlations were calculated between the D‐zone omega gliadin and high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) glutenin subunit patterns, with Zeleny volume or specific Zeleny volume. The results showed that simultaneous screening of D‐zone omega gliadins and HMW subunits of glutenin was possible, and that the variation in Zeleny volume was attributed approximately equally between these protein groups. Both protein patterns can be used as parameters when breeding for bread‐making quality. Positive relationships were found between gliadins d7 and d2 d4, and the specific Zeleny volume. Gliadins d11 d12 and the null allele of chromosome IB showed indications of negative relationships. Common D‐zone omega gliadin patterns in the Swedish winter‐wheat breeding lines were d2d4 and d11 d12 (67% of the lines), and the null allele of chromosome IB and d11 d12 (in 25%). Greater variation was documented in the spring breeding lines than in the winter lines.
Linkage between a major gene for powdery mildew resistance and an RFLP marker on chromosome 1R of rye
Authors: Wricke G. , Dill P. , Senft P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDNA samples from an F2 progeny which segregated for resistance to powdery mildew were bulked for resistant and susceptible individuals. In a segregant analysis, genomic rye probes which had been localized previously in a linkage map of rye were systematically screened for polymorphisms between these bulks. An RFLP marker located on linkage group 1RS was found to be tightly linked to a dominant mildew resistance gene. This is the first publication mapping a major gene for mildew resistance in rye.
An assessment of the salt tolerance of wheat/Thinopyrum bessarabicum 5Eb addition and substitution lines
Authors: King I. P. , Orford S. E. , Cant K. A. , Reader S. M. , Miller T. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLines of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring carrying an additional chromosome 5Eb from Thinopyrum bessarabicum or having chromosome 5A or 5D replaced by chromosome 5Eb were screened in hydroculture for tolerance to salt. The previously reported tolerance of the 5Eb addition line was confirmed and the two substitution lines were shown to have a higher level of survival in 175 mol/m3 NaCl than both the addition and the ‘Chinese Spring’ parent. Reasons for the better tolerance of the substitutions are discussed.
Effect of sulphur levels on transgenic double‐low Brassica napus plants expressing a seed‐specific gene encoding a methionine‐rich 2S albumin
Authors: Denis M. , Krebbers E. , Renard M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effects of supplying varying levels of sulphur to transgenic Brassica napus plants expressing the Brazil nut 2S albumin in their seeds were studied in the field. The aim was to determine if transgenic plants responded differently to such stress, and whether expression of the transgene would be effected. The transgenic plants were similar to normal plants in their response to sulphur stress. Increases in sulphur concentration were correlated with an increase in fresh and dry matter quantities as well as an increase in the carbon, nitrogen and sulphur levels in the vegetative parts of the plants. No effect on yield parameters was observed. Increasing sulphur levels resulted in an increase in the glucosinolate content, and shifts in fatty acid composition were observed. None of these changes could be correlated with the response of the transgene. The expression of the latter was altered at neither the mRNA nor The protein levels, presumably because the promoter used does not respond directly to sulphur level changes. The procedures used to create the transgenic plants in this work appear not to result in plants that respond to sulphur stress differently from normal plants in the ranges studied.
Genetic analysis of resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron) in two Brassica oleracea groups (ssp. acephala and ssp. botrytis) through diallel analysis
Authors: Grandclement C. , Laurens F. , Thomas G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractClubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron, is a major disease of cruciferous crops and few sources of resistance have been detected and genetically studied in the Brassica oleracea species. In this study, two diallel mating systems using resistant kale lines and susceptible cauliflower lines were performed. Resistance was assessed from a disease index evaluated on young plants artificially inoculated with local isolates of the parasite.Both general and specific combining ability effects (GCA and SCA) and partly reciprocal effects were demonstrated. Resistance inheritance was, however, characterized by a predominance of additive genetic effects (GCA). Three groups of parent lines could be separated; kale lines with very high resistance, kale lines with intermediate resistance and susceptible cauliflower lines. In the two kale groups, two genetically different resistance types were suggested and various recurrent selection procedures are proposed following the diallel results.
Variation of B subunits of glutenin in durum, wild and less‐widely cultivated tetraploid wheats*
Authors: Liu C.‐Y. , Shepherd K. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree major types of B subunits of glutenin patterns were detected among 240 durum wheat lines collected from eleven countries by the one‐step one‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE procedure. Most commercial durum lines had the LMW‐2 type while extensive variation of other banding patterns was found for lines particularly from North African and Mediterranean region. A total of 281 wild and less‐cultivated tetraploid wheat lines (var. dicoczoides, Triticum dicoccum and T. polonicum) were also studied for the variation of low molecular weight glutenin subunits and extensive variation was found. The complexity of banding patterns observed among the T. turgidum species indicate a rich source of glutenin variation with a potential value to be used for quality improvement of cultivated wheat when their functional properties have been tested.
Combination of resistances to barley yellow mosaic virus and Rhynchosporium secalis by recurrent selection with repeated haploid steps
Authors: Dletzmann E. , Foroughi‐Wehr B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was the incorporation of resistance to BaYMV and Rhynchosporium secalis into German winter barley varieties together with the maintenance of their high agronomic characters. The agronomic value of DH‐lines after two backcrosses and three haploid steps were compared with the original parents. Lines with similar or superior results could be selected for all the agronomic features evaluated. This method of recurrent selection with repeated haploid steps can therefore lead to the development of lines useful for practical purposes.
Field evaluation and selection of rice somaclonal variants at different altitudes
Authors: Bertin P. , Busocoro J.‐P. , Tilquin J.‐P. , Kinet J.‐M. , Bouharmont J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA field experiment was designed to compare control with tissue culture‐derived plants of rice, and to study the effects of natural selection pressure applied to the first generation (R0) of in vitro plants on the performance of their progeny. Control‐ and R0 in vitro plants of four rice varieties from middle altitude in Burundi, i.e. Facagro 57′, Facagro 76′, ‘Kirundo 3’ and ‘Kirundo 9’, were cultivated at four different altitudes (800, 1380, 1650 and 1900 m). Several parameters concerning tillering capacity, plant height development and seed production were measured. The means for most measured parameters were higher in control plants than in the in vitro plants, while the higher variation coefficients and most extreme values were usually found in the in vitro plants. For each variety, the 20 control plants and 20 in vitro plants having the highest production were selected at each altitude of 1380 and 1650 m, and their progenies were cultivated on the same site at 1580 m. Among the plants arising from 1650 m, most maximum values, higher variation coefficients and, in some cases, higher means were found in the in vitro plants. In contrast, among the plants arising from 1380 m, higher means most usually corresponded to control plants, while the tendency for maximum values and variation coefficients were unclear. These results indicate the positive effect of natural selection pressure applied in the first generation to plants rising from tissue culture. They also demonstrate that considerable variation may be generated in vitro. The interest for plant breeding purposes is discussed.
Linkage map of prolamin loci Gli‐D4 and Gli‐D5 in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Rodríguez‐Quitano M. , Carrillo J. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBy electrophoretic analysis of F2 progenies from crosses among the hexaploid wheat varieties ‘Cajeme 71’, ‘Ablaca’, ‘Anza’ and ‘Pané 247’, two new prolamin loci Gli‐D4 and Gli‐D5, were mapped on the short arm of chromosome ID. The Gli‐D4 locus controls gliadins of type γ and is situated on the short arm of chromosome ID between the centromere and the Gli‐D1 locus with a genetic distance of 10.1±2.4 cM from this locus. The Gli‐D5 locus controls gliadin type ω and was mapped 3.7 ± 0.8 cM from Gli‐Dl and located between Gli‐Dl and the telomere.
Complexity of the Gli‐A3 locus in bread wheat
Authors: Nieto‐Taladriz M. T. , Carrillo J. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo bread wheat cultivars, ‘Ariana 8’ and ‘Cajeme 71’, and 129 F2, grains from the cross between them were analysed for gliadin composition. Two monodimensional (A‐PAGE and SDS‐PAGE) and two different two‐dimensional (SDS‐PAGE x SDS‐PAGE and A‐PAGE x SDS‐PAGE) electrophoretic methods were used. Parents differed at the Gli‐Al locus, detected by A‐PAGE. The SDS‐PAGE of the aqueous ethanol extractable protein under nonreduced conditions showed two bands of ‘Ariana 8’ and one of ‘Cajeme 71’, encoded by genes located 22 cM from the Gli‐Al locus, and therefore, located at the Gli‐A3 locus. This locus has been considered to contain genes coding for ω‐gliadins alone. The two‐dimensional maps of the parents showed that one band from ‘Ariana 8’ was an ω‐gliadin, but the other two bands, one from each parent, were γ‐gliadins. Results obtained indicated that GH‐A3, like Gli‐Al, is a complex locus coding for both ω‐and γ‐gliadins.
Estimation of outcrossing rate in landraces of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)
Authors: Tsegaye S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA study was undertaken to assess the amount of natural outbreeding in tetraploid wheat landraces of Ethiopian origin. The study consisted of two trials which were planted separately at two locations representing different environmental conditions for two consecutive seasons. The design employed was the randomized complete block with three replications. Two polymorphic loci, glume pubescence and awn condition were utilized as markers. The rate of outcrossing was based on the number of hybrids found in the recessive class of each marker. The overall level of outcrossing was higher in the pure stand trial than in the mixed stand trial. A higher rate of outcrossing occurred in the higher altitude area in the pure stand trial while the opposite was the case in the mixed stand trial. The average rate of outcrossing due to the marker loci was also different, with the long awn displaying more outbreeding tendency. Both locational and seasonal differences in the amount of outcrossing were observed. Generally, the study has revealed that there is a considerable amount of outbreeding in the landraces and that this genetic factor could play a role in preserving variation in the landrace populations. The level of outcrossing detected in this study could have a bearing on the maintenance of the genetic purity of diverse breeding lines being handled together in a breeding nursery and varietal purity in seed multiplication.
R‐41, a sunflower restorer inbred line, carrying two genes for resistance against a highly virulent Spanish population of Orobanche cernua
Authors: Domínguez J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance to a highly virulent population of sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cernua) has been studied in R‐41, a Spanish sunflower restorer inbred line. Using the cytoplasmic male‐sterile inbred line HA‐89 (cms; very susceptible to this population of broomrape) as a female parent, progenies of the cross with R‐41, i.e. Fl, F2 and BC1 to both parents, as well as the parental lines, were analysed for their reaction to the broomrape population EC‐94. The goodness of fit of the observed vs expected segregation ratios indicated that the inheritance of resistance to broomrape in line R‐41 is conferred by two independent dominant genes.
Genetic transformation of Brassica
Authors: Poulsen G. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTissue culture regeneration of plants from Brassica species can be achieved from various explant types. Their performance, however, varies with the genotype and age of the explant and is sensitive to medium supplements and Agrobacterium cocultivation. Most Brassica transformations were carried out using Agrobacterium and it was established that nopaline and agropine strains of A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes, respectively, are the most efficient. Application of virulence gene induction is ambiguous. Binary vectors are mostly applied in spite of indications that cointegrate vectors are more efficient. Cotransformation is successful with two different bacteria or with one bacterium carrying both plasmids, however, it has proved problematic to integrate the two transgenes into separate loci. Transformations with wild type rol genes develop hairy roots, from which transgenic plants can be regenerated. Vectorless transformation is feasible with microprojectile bombardment of microspore derived embryos being the most promising.Antibiotic markers providing resistance to kanamycin, hygromycin, and spectinomycin are applicable as selectable markers, while chloramphenicol is not suitable. Among herbicides, phosphinotricin gives good results while chlorsulfuron is unsuitable for in vitro selection. Major therapeutic antibiotics being successfully applied are carbenicillin, cefotaxime, amoxycillin, and ticarcillin. Standard methods for evaluating transgenic plants also have been applied to Brassica species. Some breeding objectives obtained through genetic transformation are presented.
Integration of AFLP markers into a linkage map of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Schondelmaier J. , Steinrücken G. , Jung C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique has been applied in establishing an extended linkage map of sugar beet. A total of 120 AFLPs were integrated into an existing linkage map based on RFLP markers. Four primer combinations yielded between 19 and 40 polymorphic bands in an F2 population consisting of 94 plants. The AFLP loci were evenly distributed over the nine linkage groups, with the exception of linkage group V where the number of AFLPs was significantly low. The AFLPs were found to be reproducible even against the background of different combinations of Taq DNA polymerases and buffers. However, the quantity of higher molecular weight fragments (>400 bp) was reduced when using plant DNA of poor quality as a template. The results of these experiments are discussed, together with possible applications of AFLPs in sugar beet breeding.
Cytogenetic studies in hexaploid Helianthus species and their F1 hybrids with cultivated sunflower, H. annum
Authors: Atlagić J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHexaploid sunflower species provide potential sources of desirable genes in breeding for resistance to pathogens as well as high protein and oleic acid content. The possibility of using them in sunflower breeding was studied by testing the crossability of hexaploid species to cultivated sunflower, by the analysis of meiosis and pollen viability in the F1 interspecific hybrids.The hybrids were obtained from 16 combinations, with 1–18 F1 plants per combination. The F1 hybrids in general exhibited the dominant phenotype of the wild species. Sterility ranged from 0 to 87.5% per F1 combination, while pollen viability ranged from 43.0 to 70.2%.Meiosis was almost normal in the species analysed but irregular in the F1 hybrids. Most of the meiocytes showed predominantly bivalents (86.79–90.22%), but univalents (0.00–4.99%) and the multivalents (8.23–10.09%) occurred as well. At anaphase I, chromosome bridges were detected in 6.88–8.48% of meiocytes. Fast chromosomes in meta‐phase I and lagging chromosomes in anaphase I and telophase II were observed in many meiocytes.
Somaclonal variation and improvement in chilling tolerance in rice: changes in chilling‐induced electrolyte leakage
Authors: Bertin P. , Bouharmont J. , Kinet J.‐M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractExcised leaves of four rice varieties, ‘Facagro 57’, ‘Facagro 76’, ‘Kirundo 3’, ‘Kirundo 9’, were chilled for six days at 10/5°C day/night, along with 11 somaclonal families arising from three of these varieties, which had been selected over four generations for improved chilling tolerance. At the end of the chilling treatment, electrolyte leakage from leaf pieces was followed for 12 h and compared with an unchilled control. With unchilled leaves, no varietal differences nor a rise in leakage over time were observed. Chilling induced higher leakages in all varieties, except in ‘Kirundo 3’ at the time of first measurement, and a continuous rise over time was found in all varieties. Varietal differences were detected, ‘Kirundo 3’ being the least affected, followed by ‘Kirundo 9’ and ‘Facagro 76’, and finally ‘Facagro 57’, which coincides with their ranking for chilling tolerance established through chilling survival tests. The leakages were generally lower in the somaclonal families than in the variety they originated from in ‘Kirundo 9’ and ‘Facagro 76’, while the opposite was observed in ‘Kirundo 3’. The significance and usefulness of electrolyte leakage measurement for chilling tolerance screening, and the potentials of somaclonal variation for chilling tolerance improvement are discussed.
General combining ability of six genotypes of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) for biscuit‐making quality characteristics
Authors: Labuschagne M. T. , Coetzee M. C. B. , van Deventer C. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe first South African soft wheat breeding programme was initiated in 1990, consequently almost no information is available on soft wheat quality characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine general combining ability (GCA) of several spring wheats for biscuit‐making quality characteristics. A full dialled cross was made with five spring wheats with good biscuit‐making quality and a sixth hard wheat with poor biscuit‐making quality. Seventeen quality characteristics were measured. When the GCA to specific combining ability (SCA) ratios were calculated, strong additive gene action was shown for all characteristics, excluding flour colour and biscuit diameter, which suggested high heritabilities for most characteristics. None of the characteristics showed more non‐additive than additive gene action. Three of the soft wheat cultivars combined well for the characteristics important for biscuit‐making quality.
Use of androgenesis in intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding
Authors: Yan J. Q. , Xue Q. Z. , Wang Y. X. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSignificant differences of callus induction, green plant regeneration and culture efficiency were observed among restorer lines and their hybrids in rice. Average callus induction percentage of F1, hybrids was about twice that of their parents. Twenty doubled haploid (DH) lines that showed normal fertility with both indica and japonica CMS lines, were selected as widely compatible restorers (WCRs). TG8 derived from CPSLO17/Minghui 63 not only showed normal fertility to both indica and japonica test varieties and CMS lines, but also exhibited superior agronomic traits, in particular short plant, desired plant type, high tillerability, large panicles, good grain quality and resistance to rice blast disease. Strong heterosis for yield was observed in crosses between indica or japonica CMS lines and TG8. TG8 possessed a dominant, widely compatible gene (WCG) that was inherited from the variety CPSLO17. Results confirmed that the anther culture technique is a quick and effective way of developing widely compatible restorers in rice and that it is applicable to the direct use of intersubspecific heterosis with the three‐line method.
Selection response for carbon isotope discrimination in a Triticum polonicum×T. durum cross: Potential interest for improvement of water efficiency in durum wheat
Authors: Hakimi A. Al , Monneveux P. , Deléens E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study has been conducted to evaluate the usefulness of carbon isotope discrimination (δ) in mature kernels as a criterion for the improvement of water‐use efficiency and yield under drought in durum wheat. For this purpose, Triticum durum‘Om Rabi 5’ was crossed with T. polonicum pseudochrysospermum 9 (Tp9) which has been found to be more drought tolerant and to have a lower carbon isotope discrimination value of the grain. The F2 population showed a wide segregation for carbon isotope discrimination. Further, divergent selections (selection of plants most different in carbon isotope discrimination) were made among individual F2 plants, and for carbon isotope discrimination in F3 progenies under field conditions. Selected F3 and F4 progenies were evaluated under field conditions for morphological and agronomical traits. Broad‐sense heritability (h2b), response to selection and realized heritability (h2r) were high. The narrow‐sense heritability (h2n= 0.37 ± 0.047) indicated that additive and dominance effects were involved in the genetic control of carbon isotope discrimination. Negative correlations were noted between carbon isotope discrimination and grain yield and between carbon isotope discrimination and biomass yield within years and generations. An explanation of this result is attempted by analysing the relationships between carbon isotope discrimination and several phenological and morphological traits influencing the water‐use efficiency. The divergent groups selected for low and high carbon isotope discrimination exhibited significant differences for days to heading, plant height, shape of the spike and number of spikelets per spike. Correlations were also found between carbon isotope discrimination and plant height, harvest index, shape of the spike, spike length, and number of spikes per plant. The potential use of carbon isotope discrimination as a criterion for the improvement of water‐use efficiency in durum wheat is discussed by considering the genetics of this trait (variability, heritability, response to selection) and also the associations with phenological and morphological traits.