bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracephalic tenderness and pressure pain threshold in children with headache
Authors: Metsahonkala Liisa , Anttila Pirjo , Laimi Katri , Aromaa Minna , Helenius Hans , Mikkelsson Marja , Jäppilä Eija , Viander Suvi , Sillanpää Matti , Salminen Jouko 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground Sensitisation of the pain detection system has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent headache. In adults, increased sensitivity to pain has been found in patients with chronic tension type headache. Children with migraine or with unspecific headache report non‐headache pains and interictal pericranial muscular tenderness more often than headache‐free children.Objective To study if children with different types of headache report non‐headache pain more often than children with no headache and if extracephalic muscular tenderness is different in children with headache in comparison to headache‐free children. To find out if interval to the headache episode has influence on the extracranial muscular tenderness.Design A population‐based sample of 13‐year‐old children with migraine (n = 48), episodic tension type headache (61) or no headache (59) were interviewed for the occurrence and characteristics of headache and fulfilled a questionnaire on non‐headache pain. A structured manual palpation test on muscular tenderness and a pain threshold measurement were done on seven cephalic and three extracephalic points.Results Children with migraine reported other pains, especially stomach pain and limb pain more often than children with episodic tension type or no headache. There were no significant differences in the extracephalic muscular tenderness or in the pressure pain thresholds between the three groups.Conclusions Children with migraine experience more non‐headache pains than children with episodic tension type headache and with no headache. However, neither children with migraine nor children with episodic tension type headache show increased interictal extracephalic muscular sensitivity for palpation.
Histologic and clinical significance of atypical glandular cells on pap smears
Authors: Daniel A. , Barreth D. , Schepansky A. , Johnson G. , Capstick V. , Faught W. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjective: To determine the association between atypical glandular cells (AGC) on Pap smear and clinically significant histology, in a large health region. Methods: A cytologic database of over one million Pap smears was reviewed for a result of AGUS/AGC. Cytologic and histologic follow up was obtained to establish the presence of significant histology. Results: 456 patients available for follow up had AGUS/AGC cytology results (0.043% of all Pap smear results). 197(45.2%) patients had a clinically significant diagnosis including 40 with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the cervix and 48 with endometrial cancer. Conclusion: AGC on a Pap smear is frequently associated with a clinically significant diagnosis.
Review Article: Social Policy and Development in Global Context
Authors: Kwon Huck-ju 
Published: October 2005

A. Hall and J. Midgely (2004), Social Policy for Development, Sage, London, 288 pages.I. Gough and G. Wood (2004), Insecurity and Welfare Regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America, Cambrdige University Press, Cambridge, 363 pages.E. Rieger and S. Leibfried (2003), Limits to Globalization, Blackwell, Oxford, 402 pages.
Effect of Ingestion of Cow's Milk Protein Hydrolysate Formulas on α‐Casein‐Specific Immunoglobulin E and G1 Antibody Responses in Naïve and Sensitized Mice
Authors: Peng Ho‐Jen , Su Song‐Nan , Wu Keh‐Gong , Ho Chi‐Kuan , Kuo Hsiang‐Lan 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTObjectives:Cow's milk protein hydrolysate formulas are widely used for genetically predisposed atopic infants. Whether hydrolysate formulas can induce oral tolerance to α‐casein was studied for the first time in naive and sensitized mice.Methods:Using immunoblotting, residual antigenicity to α‐casein was examined for in animals fed hydrolysate formulas. Naïve mice fed hydrolysate formulas for 1 to 4 weeks were later sensitized with α‐casein. Another group of mice sensitized first with α‐casein were then fed hydrolysate formulas continually for 12 weeks.Results:Oral tolerance measured by immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG1 antibody responses to α‐casein was induced in naïve mice fed NAN for 1 week or NAN‐HA for 4 weeks. IgE responses to α‐casein were suppressed in mice fed NAN‐HA for 1 week or Neoangelac FL for 4 weeks. In contrast, mice fed Alfare, Pepti‐Junior, or Pregestimil for 1 to 4 weeks did not develop tolerance to α‐casein. Antibody responses to α‐casein were not significantly suppressed in sensitized mice fed NAN or hydrolysate formulas for 12 weeks.Conclusions:Primary IgE responses to α‐casein are readily suppressed in naïve mice firts fed cow's milk formula or partially hydrolyzed formula for 1 week. Conversely, ongoing IgE, IgG1, and IgG antibody responses to α‐casein are poorly supressed in previously sensitized mice even after prolonged feeding of cow's milk formula or hydrolysate formulas.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Children: A Large Series Report
Authors: Cheng Chi‐Liang , Fogel Evan L , Sherman Stuart , McHenry Lee , Watkins James L , Croffie Joseph M , Gupta Sandeep K , Fitzgerald Joseph F , Lazzell‐Pannell Laura , Schmidt Suzette , Lehman Glen A 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTObjectives:Our goal is to evaluate the indications, findings, therapies, safety, and technical success of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in children.Methods:Our database was searched for patients 17 years of age or younger undergoing ERCP between January 1994 and March 2003. Additional information was obtained by chart review. The safety and technical success of ERCP were examined. Complications were classified by the consensus criteria.Results:A total of 245 patients (95 M, 150 F; mean age 12.3 years) underwent 329 examinations. Indications included biliary pathology (n = 93), pancreatic pathology (n = 111), and chronic abdominal pain of suspected biliary or pancreatic origin (n = 41). The ERCP findings were bile duct stone(s) (n = 29), benign biliary stricture (n = 19), primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 7), anomalous pancreaticobiliary union (n = 8), choledochal cyst (n = 5), bile duct leak (n = 6), malignant biliary stricture (n = 2), biliary atresia (n = 1), chronic pancreatitis (n = 44), pancreas divisum (n = 26), pancreatic duct stricture with (n = 6) or without (n = 9) leak, pancreatic tumor (n = 1), periampullary adenoma (n = 2), and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (n = 65). Endoscopic therapies were performed in 71% of the procedures and included sphincterotomy, stone extraction, stricture dilation, endoprosthesis placement, snare papillectomy, and cystoduodenostomy. Thirty‐two (9.7%) post‐ERCP complications occurred and included cholangitis in 1 patient and pancreatitis in 31. The pancreatitis was graded mild in 24, moderate in 5, and severe in 2. No mortality related to ERCP occurred.Conclusions:Diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP results are similar in children and adults except for a lower incidence of malignant disease in children. Technical success rates are high. However, ERCP‐related pancreatitis is not uncommon, and the risk and benefits should be carefully reviewed before proceeding. Outcome data are necessary and is currently being accumulated at our institution.
Early Weaning Stimulates Intestinal Brush Border Enzyme Activities in Piglets, Mainly at the Posttranscriptional Level
Authors: Marion Julia , Petersen Yvette Miata , Romé Véronique , Thomas Françoise , Sangild Per Torp , Dividich Jean Le , Huërou‐Luron Isabelle Le 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTBackgrounds:Weaning‐associated anorexia is the main factor responsible for structural alterations of the small intestine. However, whether weaning and the postweaning feed intake level affect disaccharidase and peptidase gene expression remains to be elucidated.Methods:Adaptation of the small intestine to early weaning at 7 days of age and the effects of postweaning feed intake were investigated on 56 pigs in two trials. Structural parameters and gene expression and activities of intestinal lactase, maltase, sucrase, aminopeptidases A and N, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV were determined along the small intestine.Results:Within 3 days, weaning induced increases in maltase, sucrase, and peptidase specific activities (P < 0.05) and a decrease in lactase activity and villous height (P < 0.05). Only for maltase activity were the weaning‐induced changes closely correlated with corresponding mRNA levels. In weaned piglets, aminopeptidase N activity was consistently stimulated and dipeptidyl peptidase IV depressed by high level of feed intake but without effects on the corresponding mRNA levels. Furthermore, the longitudinal distribution of enzyme activities along the small intestine showed poor correlation with the corresponding mRNA levels.Conclusion:Early weaning in pigs is associated with a remarkable capacity of the small intestine to rapidly increase the activity of key brush border enzymes. This adaptation, largely independent on feed intake for intestinal enzyme mRNAs and disaccharidase activities, occurred at the posttranscriptional rather than at the transcriptional level of enzyme biosynthesis (except for maltase). The length of the postweaning anorexia period did not affect the subsequent intestinal capacity for villous elongation but may postpone maturation of peptidase activities.
Enhanced matrix degradation after withdrawal of TGF‐β1 triggers hepatocytes from apoptosis to proliferation and regeneration
Authors: Arendt E. , Ueberham U. , Bittner R. , Gebhardt R. , Ueberham E. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract. TGF‐β1 is a profibrogenic cytokine participating in deposition of extracellular matrix in fibrotic disorders. In liver, its anti‐proliferative/apoptotic effect on hepatocytes promotes fibrosis. The tetracycline‐controlled double‐transgenic TALAP−2/ptetTGF‐β1 mouse provides a model for reversible liver fibrosis. In livers of TGF‐β1‐expressing mice, hepatocytes showed synchronous apoptosis detected by DNA laddering and active caspase‐3 staining that disappeared when expression of transgenic TGF‐β1 was switched off. In these ‘off’ mice, perisinusoidal liver fibrosis resolved within 21 days accompanied by elevated proliferation of hepatocytes. Here, we have specified the intermediary stages (2–3 days off and 6 days off) in terms of (i) proliferation (by immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and expression of cyclin D1 mRNA) and (ii) extracellular matrix remodelling processes (by measuring mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 and ‐13 (mmp‐2 and mmp‐13) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 1 (timp‐1) and quantitative morphometric analysis. In summary, we show a rapidly declining timp‐1 mRNA level together with lastingly high mmp‐2 and mmp‐13 mRNA levels after 2–3 days, suggesting that high matrix‐degrading potential represents a prerequisite for the markedly enhanced proliferation of hepatocytes in the early stages after switching off transgenic TGF‐β1.
Genetic divergence does not predict change in ornament expression among populations of stalk‐eyed flies
Authors: SWALLOW JOHN G. , WALLACE LISA E. , CHRISTIANSON SARAH J. , JOHNS PHILIP M. , WILKINSON GERALD S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStalk‐eyed flies (Diptera: Diopsidae) possess eyes at the ends of elongated peduncles, and exhibit dramatic variation in eye span, relative to body length, among species. In some sexually dimorphic species, evidence indicates that eye span is under both intra‐ and intersexual selection. Theory predicts that isolated populations should evolve differences in sexually selected traits due to drift. To determine if eye span changes as a function of divergence time, 1370 flies from 10 populations of the sexually dimorphic species, Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni and Cyrtodiopsis whitei, and one population of the sexually monomorphic congener, Cyrtodiopsis quinqueguttata, were collected from Southeast Asia and measured. Genetic differentiation was used to assess divergence time by comparing mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase II and 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragments) and nuclear (wingless gene fragment) DNA sequences for c. five individuals per population. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that most populations cluster as monophyletic units with up to 9% nucleotide substitutions between populations within a species. Analyses of molecular variance suggest a high degree of genetic structure within and among the populations; > 97% of the genetic variance occurs between populations and species while < 3% is distributed within populations, indicating that most populations have been isolated for thousands of years. Nevertheless, significant change in the allometric slope of male eye span on body length was detected for only one population of either dimorphic species. These results are not consistent with genetic drift. Rather, relative eye span appears to be under net stabilizing selection in most populations of stalk‐eyed flies. Given that one population exhibited dramatic evolutionary change, selection, rather than genetic variation, appears to constrain eye span evolution.
Eider females form non‐kin brood‐rearing coalitions
Authors: ÖST MARKUS , VITIKAINEN EMMA , WALDECK PETER , SUNDSTRÖM LISELOTTE , LINDSTRÖM KAI , HOLLMÉN TUULA , FRANSON J. CHRISTIAN , KILPI MIKAEL 
Published: October 2005

AbstractKin selection is a powerful tool for understanding cooperation among individuals, yet its role as the sole explanation of cooperative societies has recently been challenged on empirical grounds. These studies suggest that direct benefits of cooperation are often overlooked, and that partner choice may be a widespread mechanism of cooperation. Female eider ducks (Somateria mollissima) may rear broods alone, or they may pool their broods and share brood‐rearing. Females are philopatric, and it has been suggested that colonies may largely consist of related females, which could promote interactions among relatives. Alternatively, shared brood care could be random with respect to relatedness, either because brood amalgamations are accidental and nonadaptive, or through group augmentation, assuming that the fitness of all group members increases with group size. We tested these alternatives by measuring the relatedness of co‐tending eider females in enduring coalitions with microsatellite markers. Females formed enduring brood‐rearing coalitions with each other at random with respect to relatedness. However, based on previous data, partner choice is nonrandom and dependent on female body condition. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying eider communal brood‐rearing decisions, which may be driven by the specific ecological conditions under which sociality has evolved in this species.
Origin and diversification of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: MORGAN JESS A. T. , DEJONG RANDALL J. , ADEOYE GRACE O. , ANSA EBENEZER D. O. , BARBOSA CONSTANÇA S. , BRÉMOND PHILIPPE , CESARI ITALO M. , CHARBONNEL NATHALIE , CORRÊA LYGIA R. , COULIBALY GODEFROY , D’ANDREA PAULO SÉRGIO , DE SOUZA CECILIA PEREIRA , DOENHOFF MICHAEL J. , FILE SHARON , IDRIS MOHAMED A. , INCANI R. NINO , JARNE PHILIPPE , KARANJA DIANA M. S. , KAZIBWE FRANCIS , KPIKPI JOHN , LWAMBO NICHOLAS J. S. , MABAYE AMADOU , MAGALHÃES LUIZ A. , MAKUNDI ASANTELI , MONÉ HÉLÈNE , MOUAHID GABRIEL , MUCHEMI GERALD M. , MUNGAI BEN N. , SÉNE MARIAMA , SOUTHGATE VAUGHAN , TCHUENTÉ LOUIS ALBERT TCHUEM , THÉRON ANDRE , YOUSIF FOUAD , ZANOTTI‐MAGALHÃES ELIANA M. , MKOJI GERALD M. , LOKER ERIC S. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract Schistosoma mansoni is the most widespread of the human‐infecting schistosomes, present in 54 countries, predominantly in Africa, but also in Madagascar, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Neotropics. Adult‐stage parasites that infect humans are also occasionally recovered from baboons, rodents, and other mammals. Larval stages of the parasite are dependent upon certain species of freshwater snails in the genus Biomphalaria, which largely determine the parasite's geographical range. How S. mansoni genetic diversity is distributed geographically and among isolates using different hosts has never been examined with DNA sequence data. Here we describe the global phylogeography of S. mansoni using more than 2500 bp of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 143 parasites collected in 53 geographically widespread localities. Considerable within‐species mtDNA diversity was found, with 85 unique haplotypes grouping into five distinct lineages. Geographical separation, and not host use, appears to be the most important factor in the diversification of the parasite. East African specimens showed a remarkable amount of variation, comprising three clades and basal members of a fourth, strongly suggesting an East African origin for the parasite 0.30–0.43 million years ago, a time frame that follows the arrival of its snail host. Less but still substantial variation was found in the rest of Africa. A recent colonization of the New World is supported by finding only seven closely related New World haplotypes which have West African affinities. All Brazilian isolates have nearly identical mtDNA haplotypes, suggesting a founder effect from the establishment and spread of the parasite in this large country.
Febrile nonhaemolytic transfusion reaction caused by antibodies against human platelet antigen 5a
Authors: Tazzari P. L. , Bontadini A. , Zamagni C. , Ricci F. , Fruet F. , Iannelli S. , Conte R. 
Published: October 2005

summary.  Anti‐human platelet antigens (HPA) alloantibodies are seldom involved in febrile nonhaemolytic reactions (FNHTRs). We describe a case in which anti‐HPA‐5a alloantibodies are related to an FNHTR.We studied the specificity of the alloantibodies by flow cytometry, ELISA and MACE. Typing of donors and the patient was performed by sequence‐specific polymerase chain reaction.The alloantibodies were found reactive with HPA‐5a antigens. The patient was HPA‐5b/b, whereas the donor of the platelet apheresis involved in the FNHTR was HPA‐5a/a.Despite the low frequency of anti‐HPA‐5a antibodies, they might be responsible for FNHTR.
A clue to the basis of allelic enhancement: occurrence of the Ax subgroup in the offspring of blood group O parents
Authors: Olsson M. L. , Michalewska B. , Hellberg Å. , Walaszczyk A. , Chester M. A. 
Published: October 2005

summary.  Apparent deviation from Mendelian rules of blood group inheritance is rarely observed. Blood group O parents with children expressing weak A subgroups have occasionally been described but not explained. A detailed serological investigation of such a family is described here. The ABO locus was analysed by PCR‐ASP/restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping and DNA sequencing.The propositus' RBCs were very weakly agglutinated with monoclonal anti‐A but distinctly with polyclonal anti‐A,B, i.e. typical for Ax. Serum anti‐A1 (titre 4) and ‐B were present. Her parents' blood groups were both clearly O, with titres of serum anti‐A1, and ‐A at 16 and 4, respectively. Adsorption/ elution studies demonstrated A antigen on the daughter's cells only. The ABO genotypes were: mother, AxO1; father, O1vO2; and propositus, AxO2. The Ax allele was an A1‐O1v hybrid allele with a crossing‐over breakpoint between positions 235 and 446 in intron 6 (Ax‐4). Compared to the A1 glycosyltransferase, this allele predicts a protein with two amino acid substitutions (Phe216Ile and Met277Val) known to yield either weakly expressed or no A antigen on RBCs.This study suggests that the nature of the ABO allele in trans can influence A antigen expression, a phenomenon previously described as allelic enhancement (or reinforcement). Potential mechanisms for this are discussed.
Endothelial cell protection and complement inhibition in xenotransplantation: a novel in vitro model using whole blood
Authors: Banz Yara , Cung Trinh , Korchagina Elena Y. , Bovin Nicolai V. , Haeberli André , Rieben Robert 
Published: October 2005

Abstract: Background:  Studying the interactions between xenoreactive antibodies, complement and coagulation factors with the endothelium in hyperacute and acute vascular rejection usually necessitates the use of in vivo models. Conventional in vitro or ex vivo systems require either serum, plasma or anti‐coagulated whole blood, making analysis of coagulation‐mediated effects difficult. Here a novel in vitro microcarrier‐based system for the study of endothelial cell (EC) activation and damage, using non‐anticoagulated whole blood is described. Once established, the model was used to study the effect of the characterized complement‐ and coagulation inhibitor dextran sulfate (DXS, MW 5000) for its EC protective properties in a xenotransplantation setting.Methods:  Porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC), grown to confluence on microcarrier beads, were incubated with non‐anticoagulated whole human blood until coagulation occurred or for a maximum of 90 min. PAEC‐beads were either pre‐ or co‐incubated with DXS. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) experiments served as controls. Fluid phase and surface activation markers for complement and coagulation were analyzed as well as binding of DXS to PAEC‐beads.Results:  Co‐ as well as pre‐incubation of DXS, followed by washing of the beads, significantly prolonged time to coagulation from 39 ± 12 min (PBS control) to 74 ± 23 and 77 ± 20 min, respectively (P < 0.005 vs. PBS). DXS treatment attenuated surface deposition of C1q, C4b/c, C3b/c and C5b‐9 without affecting IgG or IgM deposition. Endothelial integrity, expressed by positivity for von Willebrand Factor, was maintained longer with DXS treatment. Compared with PBS controls, both pre‐ and co‐incubation with DXS significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (>300 s, P < 0.05) and reduced production of thrombin‐antithrombin complexes and fibrinopeptide A. Whilst DXS co‐incubation completely blocked classical pathway complement activity (CH50 test) DXS pre‐incubation or PBS control experiments showed no inhibition. DXS bound to PAEC‐beads as visualized using fluorescein‐labeled DXS.Conclusions:  This novel in vitro microcarrier model can be used to study EC damage and the complex interactions with whole blood as well as screen ‘‘endothelial protective’’ substances in a xenotransplantation setting. DXS provides EC protection in this in vitro setting, attenuating damage of ECs as seen in hyperacute xenograft rejection.