bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Triterpenes and Flavonoids on the Enzymatic Activity of Hyaluronic Acid‐Splitting Enzymes
Authors: Hertel Waltraud , Peschel Gundela , Ozegowski Jörg‐Hermann , Müller Peter‐Jürgen 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effect of triterpenes and flavonoids on the activity of several hyaluronic acid‐splitting enzymes was investigated. Studies showed that the inhibitory effect of the triterpenes glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid is dependent on the source of hyaluronate lyase. Hyaluronate lyase from Streptococcus agalactiae (Hyal B) and recombinant hyaluronate lyase from Streptococcus agalactiae (rHyal B) demonstrated strongest inhibition. In contrast, hyaluronate lyases from Streptomyces hyalurolyticus (Hyal S), Streptococcus equisimilis (Hyal C) and hyaluronidase from bovine testis (Dase) showed only reduced inhibition action. A non‐competitive dead end inhibition with Ki = 3.1 ± 1.8×10–6 mol/mL and Kii = 6.7 ± 2.4×10–6 mol/mL was found for glycyrrhizin on recombinant hyaluronate lyase from Streptococcus agalactiae. The inhibitory effect of flavonoids on Hyal B, rHyal B and Dase was determined depending on the number of hydroxyl groups and side chain substituents in the molecule. Flavonoids with many hydroxyl groups inhibited hyaluronate lyase stronger than those with only a few. Native hyaluronate lyase (Hyal B) showed a more extensive inhibition than the recombinant protein (rHyal B). Accordingly, the inhibition by triterpenes and flavonoids is presumably specific for each hyaluronic acid (HA)‐splitting enzyme.
Capillary Filling Flows inside Patterned‐Surface Microchannels
Authors: Huang W. , Liu Q. , Li Y. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCapillary flows inside microchannels with patterned‐surfaces are investigated theoretically and numerically. The surface energy method is used to derive an equivalent contact angle (ECA) model for small capillary number flows. The SIMPLE algorithm using a volume of fluid (VOF) method is adopted to investigate the flows in those microchannels. The flow characteristics such as the liquid front shapes and the evolution of the liquid lengths are obtained. The numerical results reveal that capillary flows in a patterned‐surface microchannel still follow the traditional capillary theories. The ECA model is confirmed by the numerical results. It indicates that the capillary flows inside the patterned‐surface microchannels can be estimated by means of the homogeneous‐surface microchannels with the equivalent contact angle. The ECA model provides a good criterion for the total wettability of a patterned‐surface microchannel, as well.
Predictions for Start‐Up Processes of Reactive Distillation Column via Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Wu H.‐X. , Tang Z.‐G. , Hu H. , Quan C. , Song H.‐H. , Li S.‐Y. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe time consumed in starting up the unit with appropriate holdups can form an important part of the total distillation time, particularly for reactive distillation systems with large holdups. Also, the products formed during the start‐up time are off specification, and are not easily recycled as for traditional distillation, but must be carefully disposed of, which can be very costly. A back‐propagation algorithm artificial neural network model is presented as a tool to assess the start‐up process for a given reactive distillation system. All the data required for training and testing the artificial neural network have been generated using the CHEMCAD simulator, version 5.2–0. The values for the learning rate, momentum term, and gain term of the artificial neural network have been taken as 0.01, 0.6, and 1.0, respectively. From the case studied in this work, it can be seen that a good start‐up policy can reduce both the energy and time requirements in the start‐up phase of reactive distillation processes. Results from predictions show the time consumed in the start‐up period has an average error of 2.833 %, and a maximum error of 7.600 %, for the case studied here. The accuracy of the model will depend upon the data available and the type of model being approximated.
Validating the Darken Relation for Diffusivities in Fluid Mixtures of Varying Densities by Use of MD Simulations
Authors: Krishna R. , van Baten J. M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMolecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out to determine the self‐diffusivities, Di,self, of the pure hydrocarbons methane (C1), ethane (C2), propane (C3), and n‐hexane (nC6) at various fluid densities. The MD simulations are in reasonable agreement with published experimental data. The influence of fluid density on both Di,self and the Maxwell‐Stefan (M‐S) diffusivities, Đij, in binary C1‐C2, C1‐C3, C2‐C3, and C1‐nC6 mixtures was also investigated. The MD simulations show that the M‐S diffusivities in binary fluid mixtures can be estimated with good accuracy using the Darken relation.
Soot in Diesel Combustion Systems
Authors: Xi J. , Zhong B.‐J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDiesel soot, one of the major environmental pollutants, is the finer particle produced during the high temperature pyrolysis or combustion of diesel fuel. Advances in the understanding of soot formation in diesel combustion systems during the recent decades are surveyed in this paper. It is universally accepted that soot formation steps can be summarized as (1) formation of molecular precursors of soot, (2) nucleation or inception of particles from heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, (3) mass growth of particles by addition of gas phase molecules, (4) coagulation via reactive particle‐particle collisions, (5) carbonization of particulate material, and, finally, (6) oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot particles. Several mathematical models of diesel soot formation available in the related literature are offered in this review, which are Hiroyasu's model, Moss' model, Tesner's model, Lindstedt's model, and detailed soot formation models. Experimental and numerical studies currently play an important role in exploring the diesel soot formation mechanism. The success of such studies relies on the development of both diagnostic techniques to increase the quality of experiments and mathematical models for numerical simulations.
A Practical Method to Derive Sample Temperature during Nonisothermal Coupled Thermogravimetry Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Experiments
Authors: Salvador S. , Ferrasse J.‐H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNonisothermal thermogravimetry differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC) mounting is intensively used for the determination of kinetic parameters and reaction heat along the chemical transformation of a solid. Nevertheless, when tests are performed with heating rates as high as those encountered in industrial processes, e.g., several tens of K min–1, there is great uncertainty in the knowledge of the exact sample temperature. In this work, a method to derive a simple mathematical expression is proposed and fully described in order to calculate the real sample temperature throughout a temperature‐ramped test on a commercial apparatus. The furnace temperature and the heat flow signals were used, together with the crucible specific heat and the heating rate. A number of validation tests were performed to derive similar reaction rates for a reference. First‐order kinetic reactions were presented and reconciled over a large range of heating rates from 3 to 50 K min–1.
Effect of High Pressure Processing on the Extraction of Lycopene in Tomato Paste Waste
Authors: Xi J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effect of high pressure processing on the extraction of lycopene in tomato paste waste was studied. The experimental results show that high pressure processing did not destroy the molecular structure of lycopene. The extraction yield of lycopene obtained by high pressure processing for 1 min was higher than that obtained with solvent extraction for 30 min. These excellent results for the extraction by high pressure processing are promising for the future extraction of lycopene from tomato paste waste.
An Extended Model for Determining the Separation Performance of a Cyclone
Authors: Qian F. P. , Zhang M. Y. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMost models on the working of cyclones are based on cylinders and cones whereby the vertical tube and dustbin should also be included in their geometries. These separation models of conventional cylinder‐on‐cone cyclones do not consider the effect of the dust collection system on the flow field. In actual fact, the inclusion of the dust collection system had a considerable effect on the flow pattern in the gas cyclone as well as on the separation efficiency. In this paper, an extended model is presented, which is based on the time‐of‐flight approach. In this model, the gas residence time is modified so that the entire cyclone geometry is used. The lift force of a particle in the boundary layer is considered because of the larger velocity gradient here. The availability of the extended model is verified by comparison of the calculated grade efficiency with experimental data and theoretical counterparts in the literature.
Comparative Testing of Powder Caking
Authors: Weigl B. , Pengiran Y. , Feise H. J. , Röck M. , Janssen R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn a collaborative research project called “Consumer Oriented Solids Transport Technology” (COSTT), a uniaxial caking tester was developed to measure the caking propensity of bulk solids under controlled environmental conditions. To validate the results gained from this tester, a series of round robin tests were run, using an organic acid of known humidity dependence as test material. These tests showed that even seemingly minor deviations in the test procedure can cause significant deviations in the measured uniaxial strength. This paper gives an indication of the level of details required to run a reliable caking test and the obtainable reproducibility.
Visual Artificial Tongue for Quantitative Metal‐Cation Analysis by an Off‐the‐Shelf Dye Array
Authors: Lee Jae Wook , Lee Jun‐Seok , Kang Mira , Su Andrew I. , Chang Young‐Tae 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA chemical‐probe array composed of 47 off‐the‐shelf dyes was prepared in solution format (New York Tongue 1: NYT‐1) and was tested in the identification and quantitation of 47 cation analytes, including 44 metal ions, in addition to H+, NH4+, and tetrabutylammonium (TBA). The cation solutions were tested in a series of concentrations and the fold‐change in effective absorbance was analyzed by principal‐component analysis (PCA), hierarchical‐cluster analysis (HCA), and nearest‐neighbor decision to determine both identity and quantity of the analytes. Apart from alkali‐metal ions (Na+, K+, Li+, Cs+, and Rb+), which behave very similarly to each other due mainly to their low response, most of the cations were clearly distinguishable at 10 mM concentration. The practical detection limit of each analyte was also determined by a sequential dilution and the nearest‐neighbor decision method. In the finalized working analyte concentration range (approximately 10 mM down to 0.33 μM), by considering alkali metals as one analyte group, most of the analytes were correctly identified (99.4 %). Furthermore, the success rate at which the concentration of each analyte was correctly determined was also high (96.8 %).
Adult weight gain and histopathologic characteristics of breast cancer among postmenopausal women
Authors: Feigelson Heather Spencer , Patel Alpa V. , Teras Lauren R. , Gansler Ted , Thun Michael J. , Calle Eugenia E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough the link between postmenopausal breast cancer and adiposity is well established, the association between weight gain and specific histopathologic characteristics of breast carcinoma has not been studied carefully.METHODSUsing 1200 incident invasive breast cancers among 44,161 postmenopausal women who were not taking hormone therapy in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, the authors computed age‐adjusted rates and rate ratios (RR) for breast cancer by histology, stage, grade, and estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status by categories of adult weight gain.RESULTSAge‐adjusted rates of breast cancer were highest for women who reported the most weight gain, regardless of histologic type. For weight gain >60 pounds, compared with weight gain ≤20 pounds the RR for ductal carcinoma was 1.89 (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.53‐2.34), and the RR for lobular carcinoma was 1.54 (95%CI. 1.01‐2.33). Weight gain was associated with increased risk at every tumor stage and grade. The risk for regional or distant stage was elevated significantly in every category of weight gain and was 3 times higher among women who had the greatest weight gain (RR, 3.15; 95%CI, 2.21‐4.48). Weight gain was associated with increased risk of ER‐positive/PR‐positive tumors (P for trend <.0001) but not ER‐negative/PR‐negative tumors (P for trend = .09). The results essentially remained unchanged when the analysis was restricted to women who had regular screening mammograms.CONCLUSIONSExcess adiposity is an important contributor to breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women, regardless of histologic type, and especially for tumors of advanced stage and high grade. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Adult survivors of childhood cancer and unemployment
Authors: de Boer Anna G.E.M. , Verbeek Jozef H.A.M. , van Dijk Franciscus J.H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA range of late effects is associated with the survival of childhood cancer, including problems with employment. The purpose of this metaanalysis was to assess the risk of unemployment of adult survivors of childhood cancer compared with healthy controls and to explore prognostic factors. A literature search of studies published between 1966 and January 2006 was conducted using the databases of MedLine, CINAHL, EMBASE, ClinPSYCH, PsycINFO, and OSHROM. The authors synthesized data using a random effects model. A total of 34 articles was found, in which 40 original empirical studies were reported, 24 of which were controlled studies. Survivors of childhood cancer were nearly twice as likely to be unemployed than healthy controls (odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.27‐2.69). Survivors of central nervous system (CNS) and brain tumors were nearly 5 times more likely to be unemployed (OR 4.74, 95% CI, 1.21‐18.65), whereas the risks for survivors of blood or bone cancers were elevated but not found to be statistically significant (OR 1.42, 95% CI, 0.79‐2.55; OR 1.97, 95% CI, 0.88‐4.40, respectively). No increased risk was found for survivors of other or mixed diagnoses (OR 0.97, 95% CI, 0.27‐3.53). Furthermore, survivors in the U.S. had an overall 3‐fold risk (OR 3.24, 95% CI, 2.16‐4.86) of becoming unemployed, whereas no such risk was found for European survivors (OR 1.00, 95% CI, 0.58‐1.70). Apart from type of diagnosis and country, predictors of unemployment were younger age, lower education or intelligence quotient, female gender, motor impairment or epilepsy, and radiotherapy. Adult survivors of childhood cancer are at risk of unemployment, especially the subgroup of survivors of CNS and brain tumors. Interventions to enhance participation in work life should be developed and evaluated. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Xenopus fibrillin is expressed in the organizer and is the earliest component of matrix at the developing Notochord‐Somite boundary
Authors: Meloty‐Skoglund P. , Dzamba B. , Coffman C.R. , Harris W.A. , Keller R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractXenopus fibrillin expression at neurula stage in notochord, somites and the developing eye fields. See Meloty‐Skoglund et al., Developmental Dynamics 235:1974–1983. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fundamental study on rationalization of maintenance procedure based on reliability analysis
Authors: Kameda Hideyuki , Yamashita Koji 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have developed the Reliability Analysis System for Protective Relays (RASPR), which is composed of a database for protective relay equipment and its failures, and reliability analysis part. The data for relay systems and their failures have been collected since fiscal 1997. Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.In this paper, the following suggestions were made from the analysis of the reliability for protective relays: (1) Omission of interruption of automatic checking at fault does not exert an influence on the reliability such as the availability. (2) Improvement of the availability was cleared from the analysis of effect of shortening of the testing time required. (3) The extension of the periodic testing period could be possible if 70% of failures discovered in a periodic testing were detected by continuous monitoring. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(2): 25–31, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20161
Control using joint torque sensor of robot arm with two‐inertia resonance: Comparison with control using state‐estimation observer
Authors: Takesue Naoyuki , Furusho Junji , Fujinaga Koji 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMost industrial robots are driven through reduction gears such as Harmonic Drives and RV gears. Due to the flexibility of the drive system, vibratory behavior occurs during operation. When flexibility is considered, the drive system of the robot joint can be modeled as a resonant mechanical system called a two‐inertia system. Conventionally, studies of two‐inertia system have discussed semiclosed‐loop control using only motor information and a state observer. On the other hand, joint torque sensing of robots has been studied in the harmonic drives that are widely used in robot joints. The joint torque sensor is becoming available with higher performance. In this paper, we consider the control of a robot arm having two‐inertia resonance by using the joint torque sensor. The performance of the torque sensor and that of the observer are compared. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(2): 75–84, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20226
Multiagent analysis for effect of cogeneration spread in an electricity market
Authors: Kawamura Hidenori , Kurumatani Koichi , Ohuchi Azuma 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this paper, in order to investigate the effect of scenarios in which cogeneration spreads in an electricity market we constructed a multi‐agent model of an electricity trading market with power distribution and power generation agents. In this model, we analyzed the effect of reducing power generation surplus facilities on market price formation and stability through computer experiments. As a result of the experimental simulations, the market price was decreased by the increase of sell bids according to the demand reduction by the spread of cogeneration, and by the increase of commercial use of cogeneration facilities, the market price was more economical and stable because such agents supplied more electricity generated by surplus cogeneration. However, if power generation agents reduced the number of power generating facilities when the number of power distribution agents' cogeneration facilities was not significant, the fluctuation of market price grew larger. We confirmed that the spread of cogeneration played an important role in stabilizing market price formation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(2): 61–74, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20353
Electrostatically induced voltage generated in a metal box when a charged body moves: Relation between the ratio of conducting parts in the box and the induced voltage
Authors: Ichikawa Norimitsu 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMovement of electrostatically charged objects, such as a human body or a tool wagon, near electronic equipment placed in a partly opened metal box (grounded) can lead to the appearance of voltage induced in conductive parts of the equipment. The induced voltage can cause malfunctions and even breakdowns of the equipment. In this study, one measures the induced voltage between two metal sheets having different areas placed in the metal box. Measurement of the induced voltage is carried out using a sphere gap and an electromagnetic wave sensor in the metal box. Experimental results indicate that the induced voltage between two metal sheets increases up to 1.6 times when the area of metal sheets placed in the metal box increases 10 times (from 10 cm2 to 100 cm2). However, the induced voltage depends only slightly on the area of the grounded metal sheet placed in the metal box. Results obtained in this study can be used as basic concepts applied to the designing of printed circuit boards for the purpose of reducing the susceptibility of electronic equipment located in metal boxes to malfunctions and failures caused by electrostatically induced voltage. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(2): 52–60, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20366
Photochromism of 1,2‐Bis(2‐alkyl‐1‐benzofuran‐3‐yl)perfluorocyclopentene Derivatives
Authors: Yamaguchi Tadatsugu , Irie Masahiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract1,2‐Bis(2‐n‐alkyl‐1‐benzofuran‐3‐yl)perfluorocyclopentenederivatives have been synthesized and their photochromic performance has been studied in solution as well as in the single‐crystalline phase. All derivatives undergo photochromism in hexane solution. The introduction of long alkyl chains at the 2‐positions of the benzofuran rings of the bis(1‐benzofuran‐3‐yl)ethenes enhances the cyclization quantum yield. This is attributed to the increase in the population of the antiparallel conformers. The derivatives with methyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, and hexyl substituents exhibit photochromism even in the single‐crystalline phase. An X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals that the ethyl‐substituted derivative is packed in a parallel conformation, while the other derivatives are in an antiparallel conformation. This conformational difference controls the reactivity in the crystalline phase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Syntheses and Reactions of New Optically Active Terpene Dialkyl Diselenides
Authors: Ścianowski Jacek , Rafiński Zbigniew , Wojtczak Andrzej 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe reaction of sodium diselenide with optically active alkyl tosylates or chlorides is found to be a useful method for the synthesis of optically active dialkyl diselenides. Optically active monoterpene diselenides derived from menthane, carane, pinane, and bornane systems have been obtained. The influence of the terpene fragment of the obtained diselenides on the diastereomeric excess of the methoxyselenylation products has been investigated. The best result for methoxyselenylation was observed for (–)‐diisopinocamphyl diselenide. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)