bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steps toward developing legume cover crop varieties: Study of biomass and nitrogen partitioning and within‐plant δ115N variation of faba bean at different growth stages
Authors: Dugger Chloe , Brasier Kyle G. , Pahlavani Mohammad H. , Zakeri Hossein 
Published: March 2024

AbstractModern legumes are engineered to enhance nutrient allocation to grains and maximize harvest index (HI) and yield. Breeding legumes for cover crop requires optimizing source‐sink relationship to prolong nutrient allocation to vegetative organs, support post‐flowering nodule activity, and extend biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). We studied the variation of faba bean (Vicia faba) germplasm for biomass (DM) and nitrogen (N) allocation to plant organs at the lower and upper parts of the canopy. Three genotypes were established during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons, and DM, N, and δ15N of upper and lower leaves, stems, pods, seeds, and pod shells were quantified at vegetative, first‐pod, and full‐pod stages. Of the three genotypes, PI 678631 displayed early vigor, allocated more DM and N in vegetative organs, and accumulated more total DM and N than Windsor and PI 655333 by first‐pod stage. The advantage of PI 678631 over the other two genotypes seemed to be associated with smaller allocation of DM and N in pods at early reproductive phase. These findings support existing variations within faba bean germplasm that can be used to improve its ecosystem service as cover crop. Within‐plant variation of δ15N was minimal, suggesting that under favorable soil N and moisture where N remobilization is low, vegetative organs can serve as proxies to estimate the entire plant %Ndfa (proportion of plant N derived from the atmosphere) prior to plant maturity. The δ15N of plant organs at vegetative and early‐pod stages were similar and consistent with the only whole plant δ15N measurement in 2020.
Interface Defects Dependent on Perovskite Annealing Temperature for NiOX‐Based Inverted CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Zhaoxuan , Tian Nan , Duan Shiyu , Zhang Jicheng , Yao Disheng , Zheng Guoyuan , Yang Yanhan , Zhou Bing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNickel oxide (NiOX) is an ideal inorganic hole transport material for the fabrication of inverted perovskite solar cells owing to its excellent optical and semiconductor properties. Currently, the main research on developing the performance of NiOX‐based perovskite solar cells focuses on improving the conductivity of NiOX thin films and preventing the redox reactions between metal cations (Ni3+ on the surface of NiOX) and organic cations (FA+ or MA+ in the perovskite precursors) at the NiOX/perovskite interface. In this study, a new type of interface defects in NiOX‐based CsPbI2Br solar cells is reported. That is the Pb2+ from CsPbI2Br perovskites can diffuse into the lattice of NiOX surface as the annealing temperature of perovskites changes. The diffusion of Pb2+ increases the ratio of Ni3+/Ni2+ on the surface of NiOX, leading to an increase in the density of trap state at the interface between NiOX and perovskites, which eventually results in a serious decline in the photovoltaic performance of solar cells.
Integrated modular equalization circuit for energy storage system
Authors: Yang Xiaoguang , Ding Guoen , Cao Tianjun , Li Jiabao 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThis paper proposes an integrated modular equalization circuit for energy storage systems. This integration is achieved by reusing the half‐bridge circuit into the cell‐level equalization circuit and the module‐level equalization circuit, thereby simplifying the system. The proposed equalization circuit has a good equalization effect and balancing speed. In addition, all high‐frequency switches in the equalization circuit can achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS), and the equalization circuit has high efficiency. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the equalization circuit. Mathematical models for cell‐level and module‐level equalization circuits have been derived for optimal design and control of the equalization circuit. The experimental results have good consistency with the analytical results.
A zero‐input‐current‐ripple high‐voltage‐gain DC‐DC converter with integrated Y‐source network
Authors: Zhou Mingzhu , Liu Chao , Chen Xiaoying , Mao Xingkui , Zhang Yiming 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThis paper proposes a zero‐input‐current‐ripple (ZICR) high‐voltage‐gain dc‐dc converter with an integrated Y‐source network. It achieves zero input current ripple by introducing a parallel branch of an extra inductor, a coupled winding, and a capacitor at the input port. The voltage of the added inductor is opposite to that of the coupled winding. By adding the Y‐source coupled inductor, the boost capability of the converter is improved. The unique boost circuit structure makes that one winding in the three‐winding coupling inductance is step‐down type (the turns ratio n2 < 1) while the other winding is step‐up type (the turns ratio n1 > 1). In such a case, high voltage gain can be obtained under a lower turn ratio of the coupled inductor. The inherent passive clamping circuit clamps the spike voltage noises of the main switch to a low level and improves the efficiency. All the diodes have achieved ZCS (zero current switching) turn‐off. By comparing with several new converters, the advantages of this converter are proved. Finally, a 200‐W, 48‐ to 380‐V, 50‐kHz experimental prototype is built based on the theoretical research. At the rated power, the measured efficiencies with and without ZICR are 95.2% and 95.6%, respectively.
Differences in haemosporidian parasite prevalence and diversity in migratory and resident birds of prey species revealed by a non‐invasive sampling method
Authors: Bukauskaitė Dovilė , Dementavičius Deivis , Rumbutis Saulius , Treinys Rimgaudas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAvian haemosporidian parasites are widespread globally and infect numerous wild bird species. However, they have primarily been studied in passerine birds. Accordingly, the prevalence and diversity of these parasites in birds of prey remain understudied. This lack of research is primarily due to the international protection status of many of these species, their sparse distribution across ecosystems and difficulty to capture in the wild. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in two species of birds of prey, namely white‐tailed eagle and lesser spotted eagle. To achieve this, a non‐invasive approach was employed, involving the extraction of DNA from blood spots present in moulted feathers. Freshly moulted feathers were collected from the ground under nests or within the nests of these birds during the breeding season. A visible blood spot located at the junction of the calamus and rachis was removed and fixed in SET buffer for molecular analysis. The identification of haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) was conducted using PCR‐based methods. Overall, parasite DNA was successfully detected in shed feathers that were kept in their original form at least decade prior to analysis. Among the studied individuals, resident white‐tailed eagles showed significantly lower infection rates of haemosporidian parasites compared to migratory lesser spotted eagles. A total of nine genetic lineages of haemosporidian parasites were detected, with seven of them being new to science based on partial sequences of the cytb gene. Additionally, the phylogenetic relationships among these new lineages and previously described ones were established. These findings highlight the suitability of non‐invasive sampling for investigating the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites in wild birds of prey populations. Moreover, this approach holds promise for studying other challenging‐to‐reach and protected bird species. According to our research, there is a greater chance of finding haemosporidian parasites in freshly gathered feathers.
Partial index tracking enhanced mean–variance portfolio
Authors: Cai Zhaokun , Cui Zhenyu , Simaan Majeed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEstimation constitutes a major challenge in the implementation of mean–variance portfolios. To overcome this, we propose a partial index‐tracking strategy that aims to mitigate estimation error ex‐ante. Theoretically, we minimize the mean‐squared error of the proposed strategy by shrinking the portfolio variance to its tracking error. Using an empirical design with over 50 years of data, our paper makes two important observations. First, we show that our proposed approach is consistent with both linear and non‐linear shrinkage strategies in terms of robustness. Second, the proposed decision rule leads to a lower out‐of‐sample tracking error. Our findings, overall, stress the appeal of partial index tracking not only in terms of shrinkage (robustness) but also in terms of relative performance.
Age‐ and Sex‐Specific MR‐Feature Tracking Reference Values of Right Atrial Deformation in Healthy Adults
Authors: Gao Yiyuan , Zhang Zhen , Guo Lingnan , Shi Jingjing , Zhang Fan , Guo Yifan , Xiang Ping , Zhou Shanshan , Xie Jianan , Li Gengxiao , Zhao Zhiwei , Xu Maosheng , Li Kuncheng , Pohost Gerald M. 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAlthough right atrial (RA) myocardial deformation has important implications for patient diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification, its implementation in clinical practice has been hampered by limited normal reference values, especially in Asian populations.PurposeTo establish age‐ and sex‐specific reference values for RA strain, strain rate (SR), and displacement based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults using MR‐feature tracking (MR‐FT).Study TypeRetrospective.Population524 healthy Chinese adults (287 male; mean age 43.7 ± 11.9 years).Field Strength/Sequence1.5T/balanced steady‐state free precession.AssessmentRA deformation parameters, including reservoir, conduit, and booster strain (εs, εe, and εa), peak positive, early negative, and late negative SR (SRs, SRe, and SRa), and total, passive, and active displacement (Ds, De, and Da), were assessed using MR‐FT.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, coefficients of determination (r2), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland–Altman plots. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsWomen demonstrated significantly greater magnitudes of RA deformation parameters than men: εs (57.4% ± 15.1% vs. 44.3% ± 12.6%), εe (37.5% ± 13.4% vs. 27.4% ± 10.9%), εa (19.9% ± 5.7% vs. 16.9% ± 5.0%), SRs (2.62 ± 0.88 sec−1 vs. 2.00 ± 0.63 sec−1), SRe (−2.98 ± 1.26 sec−1 vs. −2.16 ± 0.92 sec−1), SRa (−2.28 ± 0.75 sec−1 vs. −1.84 ± 0.62 sec−1), Ds (−7.80 ± 1.90 mm vs. −7.46 ± 1.70 mm), and De (−4.84 ± 1.31 mm vs. −4.49 ± 1.21 mm). For both sexes, aging was significantly associated with decreased RA reservoir and conduit function (εs, SRs, Ds, εe, SRe, and De), and with increased εa and Da. RA deformation measurements had good to excellent intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility, with ICCs ranging from to 0.790 to 0.972.Data ConclusionThis study provides age‐ and sex‐specific reference values of RA strain, SR, and displacement based on a large cohort of healthy Chinese adults using MR‐FT.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
RFC1 and FGF14 Repeat Expansions in Serbian Patients with Cerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Milovanović Andona , Dragaševic‐Mišković Nataša , Thomsen Mirja , Borsche Max , Hinrichs Frauke , Westenberger Ana , Klein Christine , Brüggemann Norbert , Branković Marija , Marjanović Ana , Svetel Marina , Kostić Vladimir S. , Lohmann Katja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe newly discovered intronic repeat expansions in the genes encoding replication factor C subunit 1 (RFC1) and fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) frequently cause late‐onset cerebellar ataxia.ObjectivesTo investigate the presence of RFC1 and FGF14 pathogenic repeat expansions in Serbian patients with adult‐onset cerebellar ataxia.MethodsThe study included 167 unrelated patients with sporadic or familial cerebellar ataxia. The RFC1 repeat expansion analysis was performed by duplex PCR and Sanger sequencing, while the FGF14 repeat expansion was tested for by long‐range PCR, repeat‐primed PCR, and Sanger sequencing.ResultsWe identified pathogenic repeat expansions in RFC1 in seven patients (7/167; 4.2%) with late‐onset sporadic ataxia with neuropathy and chronic cough. Two patients also had bilateral vestibulopathy. Repeat expansions in FGF14 were found in nine unrelated patients (9/167; 5.4%) with ataxia, less than half of whom presented with neuropathy and two‐thirds with global brain atrophy. Tremor and episodic features were the most frequent additional characteristics in carriers of uninterrupted FGF14 repeat expansions. Among the 122 sporadic cases, 12 (9.8%) carried an expansion in either RFC1 or FGF14, comparable to 4/45 (8.9%) among the patients with a positive family history.ConclusionsPathogenic repeat expansions in RFC1 and FGF14 are relatively frequent causes of adult‐onset cerebellar ataxia, especially among sporadic patients, indicating that family history should not be considered when prioritizing ataxia patients for testing of RFC1 or FGF14 repeat expansions.
Optimal investment timing and size decision‐making with jump risk and time‐inconsistent preferences
Authors: Wang Hang , Hu Zhijun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper analyzes a firm's investment timing and capacity decision by considering the manager's time‐inconsistent preferences and continuous economic depreciation of the capital stock cannot be completely offset. The demand shock of the underlying product evolves according to a double exponential jump‐diffusion process. Within a real options framework, we derive the explicit expressions for the optimal investment threshold and investment size when the manager is sophisticated. We find that time‐inconsistent preferences will lead the firm to delay investment when capital depreciation rate is low and accelerate investment when the rate of capital depreciation is high. Further, we show that capital depreciation rate has a monotonic positive effect on the investment size of a time‐consistent manager but a non‐monotonic effect on that of a sophisticated manager. A sophisticated manager tends to choose a smaller investment size than a time‐consistent manager. Finally, we demonstrate that compared with the geometric Brownian motion, the firm invests later with a larger capacity under the jump‐diffusion model.
Effect of Single Oral Coingestion of GABA and Malic Acid on Postprandial GLP‐1, Glucose, and Insulin Responses in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Crossover Study
Authors: Noguchi Hiroki , Ikenaga Takeshi , Ueno Shota , Kohashi Chieko , Matsumura Yasuhiro , Kakumoto Yusuke , Kohda Noriyuki , Hara Hiroshi , Hira Tohru 
Published: March 2024

ScopeThis study examines whether coingestion of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and malic acid (MA) before meals enhances glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) secretion, and which affects subsequent insulin and glycemic responses in humans.Methods and resultsInitially, a murine enteroendocrine STC‐1 cell line is used to verify coadministration of GABA and MA synergistically induces GLP‐1 secretion. Next, 22 healthy adults are given water (50 mL) containing 400 mg GABA and 400 mg MA (Test), or only 400 mg citric acid (CA) (Placebo) 20 min before meal tolerance test (MTT). Interval blood samples are taken postprandially over 180 min to determine GLP‐1, insulin, and glucose responses. By comparison to preload of Placebo, preload of Test significantly increases plasma GLP‐1 (total/active) levels (incremental area under the curve by 1.2‐ and 1.6‐fold), respectively. However, there are no significant differences in postprandial blood glucose and insulin.ConclusionCoingestion of GABA and MA before meals enhances postprandial GLP‐1 secretion. Future studies should explore optimal dosage regimens to find the efficacy of the mixture on insulin and glycemic response.
Numerical simulation of the effect of multiple factors on the ignition process of a solid rocket motor
Authors: Li Zexu , Liu Jianzhong , Zhang Wenke , Ye Zhenwei , Yang Bin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the continuous development of manned space technology, higher requirements have been proposed for solid rocket motors. The ignition process of solid rocket motors affects the reliability, stability and safety of their operation. The ignition powder, cover opening pressure and grain length‐diameter ratio are the main factors affecting the ignition process. Therefore, the influence of different factors on the ignition process of solid rocket motors is studied with numerical simulations. Based on the finite volume method, the ignition process of a solid rocket motor is modelled and experimentally verified. Then, the pressure and temperature distribution characteristics during the ignition delay, flame propagation and gas filling times are analysed. Finally, the effects of different ignition powders, cover opening pressures and length‐diameter ratios on the ignition process are compared and analysed. The results show that the model has high prediction accuracy. When the ignition powder is 6 g, the maximum combustion temperature of solid rocket motor increases from 2590 K to 2620 K between 0.1 ms and 0.44 ms. Between 0.44 ms and 3.18 ms, intermittent flame propagation and pressure oscillations occur. In the gas filling time, the flow field gradually stabilizes. Increasing the ignition powder mass is beneficial to the ignition process, but the disadvantages of pressure oscillations should be considered. Increasing the cover opening pressure enhances the ignition process, while increasing the length‐diameter ratio increases the ignition pressure building time. The study results provide technical support for the structural design of solid rocket motors.
Combustion of ammonium dinitramide based solid propellant with PBT as energetic binders
Authors: Yu Hai‐yang , Huang Lei , Nie Zhan‐bin , He Wei‐xiang , Zhou Xing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFocusing on a new kind of solid propellants, which takes the ammonium dinitramide (ADN) as the high‐energetic oxidant, and 3,3‐bis(azidomethyl)oxetane and tetrahydrofuran copolymers (PBT) as the high‐energetic fuel binder, the burning rates and the theoretical performance of the propellant were measured under different ADN contents, ADN sizes and pressures. The burning rates increased from 7.9 mm/s to 117.4 mm/s and 49.1 mm/s to 74.2 mm/s when the pressure increased from 0.1 MPa to 10 MPa and from 12 MPa to 20 MPa separately, with a singularity in the pressure dependence of the burning rate at around 10 MPa. In terms of the effect of the ADN content, under the experiment pressures from 0.5 MPa to 5.0 MPa, the burning rates of the propellant were promoted by the increase of the oxidizer loading in a range of 50 wt% to 75 wt%, with a transition from a kinetically‐controlled reaction to a diffusion‐controlled one. Within the condition scope of this study, no obvious effect of the ADN sizes on the propellant combustion properties was observed. This could be attributed to the solid‐liquid mixed multiphase layer and the binder which served as a heat sink for the smaller ADN particles.
Theoretical Studies of 2D Electron Gas Distributions and Scattering Characteristics in Double‐Channel n‐Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN/i‐AlxGa1−xN/GaN High‐Electron‐Mobility Transistors
Authors: Cai Jing , Yao Ruo‐He , Geng Kui‐Wei 
Published: March 2024

A detailed analysis of self‐consistent potentials, electric fields, electron distributions, and transport properties of dual‐channel (DC) n‐Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN/i‐AlxGa1−xN/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) is performed in this article. The 2D electron gas (2DEG) densities and mobility states limited by different scattering mechanisms in channel 1 and channel 2 are obtained, with varying values of doping concentrations, ambient temperatures, Al components, and thicknesses of the back barrier layer. The reduced and increased 2DEG densities are respectively observed in channel 1 and channel 2 with growing Al fractions and thicknesses of the AlxGa1−xN layer. Alloy disorder scattering exhibits a superior effect on carriers in channel 2 due to the lower barrier height and higher permeable electrons, which together with the interface roughness scattering severely depends on the thicknesses and Al fractions of the back barrier layer. Polar optical phonon scattering becomes important at higher temperatures. The trend of individual mobility in channel 1 is exactly opposite to that in channel 2. The parameter variation of the back barrier layer can effectively change the scattering characteristics of the main channel. Low‐temperature mobilities of n‐Al0.3Ga0.7N/GaN/i‐AlxGa1−xN/GaN HEMTs under varied doping concentrations are also obtained. Finally, the results are verified by comparison with the technology computer‐aided design simulations for DC HEMTs.
Experimental and Theoretical Approach for the Corrosion Deceleration of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Medium by Two Sulfonamide Derivatives
Authors: Dsouza Pramila Rita , Kudva Jyothi , Kumar Adiyodi Sunil , Shekara Prathima , Naral Damodara , Shetty Adka Nityananda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the pursuit to find corrosion inhibitors of superior efficacy, N‐(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐4‐[(quinazoline‐4‐yl)amino]benzene‐1‐sulfonamide (PQS) and N‐(4‐methylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐4‐[(quinazoline‐4‐yl)amino]benzene‐1‐sulfonamide (MQS) are the two new sulfonamides employed, which have decelerating effect on mild steel (MS) corrosion in a medium 0.5 M HCl and were found to have an efficiency of 98.7 % and 96.8 % respectively (303 K for 40 ppm concentration) deliberated through the electrochemical techniques (PDP and EIS). The inhibitory efficacy relies on the temperature of the solution and inhibitor concentration. PQS had greater stability than MQS at higher temperatures which is indicative in the obtained experimental data. The relative adsorption process was in consonance with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The SEM, EDS, FT‐IR, and AFM analysis validated PQS and MQS to form a barrier on MS, opposing corrosion. The potential energy surfaces (PES) scan and a theoretical study for PQS and MQS were probed employing density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6‐311+G(d, p) basis set level that explicated the formation of a complex between the sulfonamides and MS. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of PQS and MQS inferred from experimental and theoretical data comply, making them credible corrosion inhibitors.
Comparative Investigation on the Catalytic Potential of Borylated Triazine‐Based FLPs for CO2 Sequestration
Authors: Faizan Mohmmad , Bana Dinesh , Kumar Gugulothu Hemant , Pawar Ravinder 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo address the increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, various heterocyclic N/B‐based intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (IFLPs) have been experimentally and theoretically investigated. Reports have shown them to be a potential catalyst for CO2 sequestration, however, a comparative rationale of these IFLPs has not been reported. Thus, in the present work, we have proposed an uninvestigated IFLP based on i. e., 2‐boranyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (BT) and compared with previously reported borylated imidazole (Im) and pyrimidine (Prm) for CO2 abduction. The density functional theory (DFT) base calculations have been carried out to probe the reaction mechanism and thorough natural bond orbital analysis has been carried out to get deeper insights into the catalytic behavior of the proposed IFLPs. Further, the effect of substituting the hydrogens at the ring and the B atom of the considered IFLP, by −CH3, −Cl and −OH, on the catalytic behavior has been studied. The results show that the borylated triazines can be a potential catalyst for CO2 sequestration. Also, the catalytic behavior of the presented IFLPs can be modulated by appropriated substitutions.