bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transposition of a Fungal Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Element Through the Action of a Tc1-Like Transposase
Authors: Dufresne Marie , Hua-Van Aurélie , Abd el Wahab Hala , M'Barek Sarrah Ben , Vasnier Christelle , Teysset Laure , Kema Gert H J , Daboussi Marie-Josée 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The mimp1 element previously identified in the ascomycete fungus Fusarium oxysporum has hallmarks of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs): short size, terminal inverted repeats (TIRs), structural homogeneity, and a stable secondary structure. Since mimp1 has no coding capacity, its mobilization requires a transposase-encoding element. On the basis of the similarity of TIRs and target-site preference with the autonomous Tc1-like element impala, together with a correlated distribution of both elements among the Fusarium genus, we investigated the ability of mimp1 to jump upon expression of the impala transposase provided in trans. Under these conditions, we present evidence that mimp1 transposes by a cut-and-paste mechanism into TA dinucleotides, which are duplicated upon insertion. Our results also show that mimp1 reinserts very frequently in genic regions for at least one-third of the cases. We also show that the mimp1/impala double-component system is fully functional in the heterologous species F. graminearum, allowing the development of a highly efficient tool for gene tagging in filamentous fungi.
Maximum-Likelihood Estimation of Allelic Dropout and False Allele Error Rates From Microsatellite Genotypes in the Absence of Reference Data
Authors: Johnson Paul C D , Haydon Daniel T 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe importance of quantifying and accounting for stochastic genotyping errors when analyzing microsatellite data is increasingly being recognized. This awareness is motivating the development of data analysis methods that not only take errors into consideration but also recognize the difference between two distinct classes of error, allelic dropout and false alleles. Currently methods to estimate rates of allelic dropout and false alleles depend upon the availability of error-free reference genotypes or reliable pedigree data, which are often not available. We have developed a maximum-likelihood-based method for estimating these error rates from a single replication of a sample of genotypes. Simulations show it to be both accurate and robust to modest violations of its underlying assumptions. We have applied the method to estimating error rates in two microsatellite data sets. It is implemented in a computer program, Pedant, which estimates allelic dropout and false allele error rates with 95% confidence regions from microsatellite genotype data and performs power analysis. Pedant is freely available at http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/∼paulj/pedant.html.
Type IV Procollagen Missense Mutations Associated With Defects of the Eye, Vascular Stability, the Brain, Kidney Function and Embryonic or Postnatal Viability in the Mouse, Mus musculus: An Extension of the Col4a1 Allelic Series and the Identification of the First Two Col4a2 Mutant Alleles
Authors: Favor Jack , Gloeckner Christian Johannes , Janik Dirk , Klempt Martina , Neuhäuser-Klaus Angelika , Pretsch Walter , Schmahl Wolfgang , Quintanilla-Fend Leticia 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The basement membrane is important for proper tissue development, stability, and physiology. Major components of the basement membrane include laminins and type IV collagens. The type IV procollagens Col4a1 and Col4a2 form the heterotrimer [α1(IV)]2[α2(IV)], which is ubiquitously expressed in basement membranes during early developmental stages. We present the genetic, molecular, and phenotypic characterization of nine Col4a1 and three Col4a2 missense mutations recovered in random mutagenesis experiments in the mouse. Heterozygous carriers express defects in the eye, the brain, kidney function, vascular stability, and viability. Homozygotes do not survive beyond the second trimester. Ten mutations result in amino acid substitutions at nine conserved Gly sites within the collagenous domain, one mutation is in the carboxy-terminal noncollagenous domain, and one mutation is in the signal peptide sequence and is predicted to disrupt the signal peptide cleavage site. Patients with COL4A2 mutations have still not been identified. We suggest that the spontaneous intraorbital hemorrhages observed in the mouse are a clinically relevant phenotype with a relatively high predictive value to identify carriers of COL4A1 or COL4A2 mutations.
A Genetic Screen for Modifiers of the Delta1-Dependent Notch Signaling Function in the Mouse
Authors: Rubio-Aliaga Isabel , Soewarto Dian , Wagner Sibylle , Klaften Matthias , Fuchs Helmut , Kalaydjiev Svetoslav , Busch Dirk H , Klempt Martina , Rathkolb Birgit , Wolf Eckhard , Abe Koichiro , Zeiser Stefan , Przemeck Gerhard K H , Beckers Johannes , de Angelis Martin Hrabé 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved transduction pathway involved in embryonic patterning and regulation of cell fates during development. Recent studies have demonstrated that this pathway is integral to a complex system of interactions, which are also involved in distinct human diseases. Delta1 is one of the known ligands of the Notch receptors. Mice homozygous for a loss-of-function allele of the Delta1 gene Dll1lacZ/lacZ die during embryonic development. Here, we present the results of two phenotype-driven modifier screens. Heterozygous Dll1lacZ knockout animals were crossed with ENU-mutagenized mice and screened for dysmorphological, clinical chemical, and immunological variants that are dependent on the Delta1 loss-of-function allele. First, we show that mutagenized heterozygous Dll1lacZ offspring have reduced body weight and altered specific clinical chemical parameters, including changes in metabolites and electrolytes relevant for kidney function. In our mutagenesis screen we have successfully generated 35 new mutant lines. Of major interest are 7 mutant lines that exhibit a Dll1lacZ/+-dependent phenotype. These mutant mouse lines provide excellent in vivo tools for studying the role of Notch signaling in kidney and liver function, cholesterol and iron metabolism, cell-fate decisions, and during maturation of T cells in the immune system.
Genetic Evidence for aSPO1-Dependent Signaling Pathway Controlling Meiotic Progression in Yeast
Authors: Tevzadze Gela G , Pierce Jessica V , Esposito Rochelle Easton 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe yeast spindle pole body (SPB) plays a unique role in meiosis, initiating both spindle assembly and prospore membrane synthesis. SPO1, induced early in development, encodes a meiosis-specific phospholipase B (PLB) homolog required at three stages of SPB morphogenesis: MI, MII, and spore formation. Here we report in-depth analysis of the SPO1 gene including its transcriptional control by regulators of early gene expression, protein localization to the ER lumen and periplasmic space, and molecular genetic studies of its role in meiosis. Evidence is presented that multiple arrest points in spo1Δ occur independently, demonstrating that Spo1 acts at distinct steps. Loss of Spo1 is suppressed by high-copy glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) proteins, dependent on sequence, timing, and strength of induction in meiosis. Since phosphatidylinositol (PI) serves as both an anchor component and a lipase substrate, we hypothesized that GPI-protein expression might substitute for Spo1 by decreasing levels of its potential substrates, PI and phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs). Partial spo1Δ complementation by PLB3 (encoding a unique PLB capable of cleaving PI) and relatively strong Spo1 binding to PI(4)P derivatives (via a novel N-terminal lysine-rich fragment essential for Spo1 function) are consistent with this view. Epistasis of SPO1 mutations to those in SPO14 (encoding a PLD involved in signaling) and physical interaction of Spo1 with Spo23, a protein regulating PI synthesis required for wild-type sporulation, further support this notion. Taken together these findings implicate PI and/or PIPs in Spo1 function and suggest the existence of a novel Spo1-dependent meiosis-specific signaling pathway required for progression of MI, MII, and spore formation via regulation of the SPB.
Potential of CD34 in the Regulation of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Divisions by Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells
Authors: Bullock Tabitha E. , Wen Baiping , Marley Stephen B. , Gordon Myrtle Y. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The control of symmetric and asymmetric division in the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell population is critically important for the regulation of blood cell production. Asymmetric divisions depend on cell polarization, which may be conferred by location and/or interaction with neighboring cells. In this study, we sought evidence for polarization in CD34+ cells, which interact by binding to one another. In these cells, surface molecules became redistributed by mechanisms that included transport by lipid rafts, and the interacting cells were able to communicate via gap junctions. These changes were accompanied by modulation of cell cycle regulating proteins (p16Ink4a, p27kip1, cyclins D, and the retinoblastoma pathway proteins) and a reduction in progenitor cell proliferation in vitro. These results are consistent with an increase in asymmetric cell division kinetics. Accordingly, we found that interaction between CD34+ cells influenced the plane of cell division in a way that suggests unequal sharing of Notch-1 between daughter cell progeny. We conclude that interaction between CD34+ cells may coordinate cell function and participate in the control of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell division kinetics.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Human Leukocyte Antigen Matching Estimations in a Hypothetical Bank of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines in the Japanese Population for Use in Cell Transplantation Therapy
Authors: Nakajima Fumiaki , Tokunaga Katsushi , Nakatsuji Norio 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines are of great potential in cell transplantation therapy. However, recipients of such allogeneic transplants probably need treatment with immunosuppressants. Recently, Taylor et al. [Lancet 2005;366:2019–2025] proposed banking of hES cell lines and estimated the required number of hES cell lines for beneficial human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching in the U.K. population. Here, we carried out such an estimation in the Japanese population. We calculated the proportion of patients who can find at least one HLA-matched donor at three loci of HLA-A, -B, and -DR. With a bank of hES cell lines from 170 randomly selected donated embryos, 80% of patients were expected to find at least one hES cell line with a single mismatch at one HLA locus or a better match. Furthermore, 80% of patients are expected to find at least one donor with complete matching at the three HLA loci if parthenogenetic homozygous hES cell lines are established from 55 randomly selected donated oocytes. The relatively low ethnic diversity of the Japanese population may have resulted in a high success rate in beneficial matching. Moreover, parthenogenetic hES cell lines can greatly reduce the number required for a higher degree of HLA matching.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Categorizing nasal septal perforations of occupational origin as cases of corrosive rhinitis
Authors: Castano Roberto , Thériault Gilles , Gautrin Denyse 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundIn clinical practice a perforation of the nasal septum secondary to an occupational exposure to corrosive chemicals is not considered a sequel of rhinitis.MethodsRelevant articles published in the last 26 years were searched and retrieved from PubMed.ResultsPatients with nasal septal perforations of occupational origin show a history of rhinitis with a gradual installation of symptoms and damage of the nasal mucosa progressing to ulceration and ultimately to perforation of the nasal septum.ConclusionPatients with nasal septal perforations of occupational origin exhibit the clinical and histopathological features of rhinitis whereby they should be categorized as rhinitics. This rhinitis should be considered as a type of irritant‐induced occupational rhinitis and classified as corrosive rhinitis. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental toxic effects of antifungal flusilazole administered by gavage to mice
Authors: Farag Amina T. , Ibrahim Hala H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND: The developmental toxicity of flusilazole was studied in CD‐1 mice after oral administration. METHODS: Pregnant mice were given flusilazole at doses of 0 (corn oil), 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day, by gavage, on gestational days (GD) 6–15. RESULTS: Maternal toxicity, as evidenced by reduction in body weight gain and signs of toxicity, was observed at the middle‐ and high‐dose groups. No significant incidence of resorptions or death was observed in any of dose groups. There was a pronounced reduction in fetal weight, which was significantly lower than control from 20 and 40 mg/kg/day. There was no significant increase in the incidence of fetuses with external or visceral malformations in any of dose groups, but there was a significant increase in the incidence of skeletal malformations was observed at 20 and 40 mg/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study reported marked maternal toxicity, growth retardation, and skeletal abnormalities in the mid‐ and high‐dose groups. It seems likely that marked maternal toxicity contributed to the observed alterations in fetal growth retardation and skeletal development. The no‐observed‐effect level in the present study for maternal and developmental toxicity was 10 mg/kg/day. Birth Defects Res B. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combustion and Pyrolysis Reactions in a Naphtha Cracking Furnace
Authors: Han Y. L. , Xiao R. , Zhang M. Y. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNumerical simulation on combustion and pyrolysis reactions in a tubular reactor is carried out on a 100,000 t/a naphtha cracking furnace. A complex arrangement of bottom burners is contained in the furnace model. The hydrodynamic and radiation models are included for calculating the flue gas flow pattern and heat transfer. A molecular reactions model is applied on the basis of a two‐dimensional tubular reactor model. The results calculated indicate that there is recirculation of the flue gas at each side of the reactor tubes due to the high inlet velocity from the bottom burners, which contributes to the uniformity of flue gas temperature in the furnace. Higher temperature profiles of the tube skin are mainly located 15–20 m along the tubular reactor. The calculated pyrolysis product yield and the tube skin temperatures are in good agreement with experimental data.
Work of Adhesion as a Dominant Factor in Formation of Composition‐Gradient Thermosensitive Gel
Authors: Tokuyama H. , Sasaki M. , Sakohara S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBy copolymerizing a thermosensitive primary component, N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA), and an ionic secondary component, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) between two substrates of hydrophilic glass and hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), a novel composition‐gradient copolymer gel, in which the AMPS content decreases gradually towards Teflon, is prepared. The formation of the composition‐gradient in NIPA‐co‐AMPS gels is discussed in terms of the work of adhesion between a solution and a substrate, i.e., the liquid‐solid interfacial free energy. The work of adhesion is determined from the Young‐Dupré equation on the basis of the measured contact angle and the surface tension in the system consisting of an aqueous solution containing NIPA or AMPS monomers or polymers and glass or Teflon as the substrate. The values of the work of adhesion of AMPS monomer and polymer on Teflon were lower than those on glass. Thus, AMPS remains relatively stable at the glass interface and unstable at the Teflon interface. This repulsion of AMPS due to the hydrophobicity of the Teflon wall generates the composition‐gradient.
Kinetics of the Selective Hydrogenation of Pyrolysis Gasoline
Authors: Zhou Z. M. , Cheng Z. M. , Cao Y. N. , Zhang J. C. , Yang D. , Yuan W. K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe kinetics of the selective hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline (pygas) over commercial Pd/Al2O3 catalyst particles were investigated using a stirred semi‐batch reactor in the absence of transport limitations. The effects of reaction temperature and pressure on the conversion of styrene, cyclopentadiene, cyclopentene and 1‐hexene were obtained over ranges of temperature (313–343 K) and total pressure (2–5 MPa). Competitive hydrogenation between monoolefins and diolefins was extensive, and the reaction rates of diolefins were much faster than those of the monoolefins. A Langmuir‐Hinshelwood type model was proposed and successfully fitted to the experimental data. The kinetic and adsorption parameters were estimated by using the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method together with the Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm, which minimized the residual sum of squares between the experimental concentrations and the calculated values. The orders of the estimated activation energies and the adsorption parameters were consistent with the order of the reaction rates of monoolefins and diolefins.
Layer Frustration, Polar Order and Chirality in Liquid Crystalline Phases of Silyl‐Terminated Achiral Bent‐Core Molecules
Authors: Keith Christina , Amaranatha Reddy Ramaiahgari , Prehm Marko , Baumeister Ute , Kresse Horst , Chao Jessie Lorenzo , Hahn Harald , Lang Heinrich , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel class of bent‐core molecules with oligo(siloxane) or carbosilane units at both ends was synthesized and the self‐organization of these molecules was investigated by polarizing microscopy, DSC, X‐ray scattering, dielectric and electrooptical methods. Depending on the size of the silicon‐containing segments, smectic and columnar liquid crystalline phases are formed. Most smectic phases are low birefringent and composed of macroscopic domains of opposite handedness (dark conglomerate phases). The switching process in these smectic phases is surface stabilized ferroelectric and, depending on the conditions, two distinct slow relaxation processes to nonpolar structures were observed. It is proposed that the smectic phases are built up by chiral and polar SmCsPF layer stacks which are separated by anticlinic interfaces. If the size of these layer stacks is sufficiently large a coupling to the substrate surfaces takes place and ferroelectric switching is observed. It is also suggested that the sponge‐like layer distortion, occurring in the low birefringent mesophases, is due to an escape from the local polar order within these SmCsPF layer stacks. For compounds with larger silylated units a steric frustration arises, which leads to layer modulation (columnar ribbon phases) and this is associated with a transition from ferroelectric to antiferroelectric switching. All compounds show a switching of the molecules around the long axis which reverses the layer chirality.
Molecular Tectonics of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs): A Rational Design Strategy for Unusual Mixed‐Connected Network Topologies
Authors: Du Miao , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Tang Liang‐Fu , Wang Xiu‐Guang , Zhao Xiao‐Jun , Batten Stuart R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTo systematically explore the higher‐dimensional network structures with mixed connectivity, a series of two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with unusual (3,6)‐connected net topologies are presented. These crystalline materials include [{[Mn(btza)2(H2O)2]⋅2 H2O}n] (1), [{[Zn(btza)2(H2O)2]⋅2 H2O}n] (2), [{[Cu(btza)2]⋅H2O}n] (3), and [{[Cd(btza)2]⋅3 H2O}n] (4), which have been successfully assembled through a predesigned three‐connected organic component bis(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)acetate (btza) with a variety of octahedral metal cores based on the modular synthetic methodology. The topological paradigms shown in this work cover the 2D CdCl2, 3D (42.6)2(44.62.87.102), and pyrite (pyr) types. That is, when properly treated with the familiar first‐row divalent metal ions, btza may perfectly furnish the coordination spheres for effective connectivity to result in diverse (3,6)‐connected nets. Beyond this, a detailed analysis of network topology for all known 3D (3,6)‐connected frameworks in both inorganic and inorganic–organic hybrid materials is described. Specific network connectivity of these MOFs indicates that the metal centers represent the most significant and alterable factor in structural assembly, although they show reliable and similar geometries. In this context, the combination of the distinct d10 AgI ion with btza in different solvents affords two isomorphous MOFs [{[Ag(btza)]⋅glycol}n] (5) and [{[Ag(btza)]⋅CH3OH}n] (6) with a binodal 4‐connected 3D SrAl2 (sra) topology. The network structures of MOFs 1–3 and 5 turn out to be more complicated and interesting if one considers the hydrogen bonding between the host coordination frameworks and the intercalated solvent molecules. Furthermore, the role of the included solvents in the generation and stabilization of MOFs 1–6 is also investigated.
Growth and properties of dyed KDP crystals
Authors: Velikhov Yu. , Pritula I. , Ganina I. , Kolybayeva M. , Puzikov V. , Levchenko A. N. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPotassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals doped with xylenol orange (XO) and methylthymol blue (MTB) are grown from aqueous solutions by the method of solvent evaporation at room temperature under the conditions of natural convection and by the method of temperature lowering. Studied is the influence of the mother solution acidity on the character of the crystal coloration. The color and coloration intensity of the grown crystals are shown to strongly depend on the solution's pH. It is revealed that the crystal habit changes in the presence of organic dyes. The optical transmission spectra and the luminescence spectra of KDP:XO solutions and of the grown crystals are measured. The effect of thermal treatment and UV‐irradiation on the coloration stability of the crystals is studied. It is found that the laser damage threshold in the prismatic impurity rich colored sectors of KDP:XO is the same as that in the prismatic sectors of pure KDP crystals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal dehydration of the double salts K2Be(XO4)2·2H2O (X = S, Se)
Authors: Georgiev M. P. , Stoilova D. G. , Marinova D. M. , Karadjova V. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe thermal dehydration of the title compounds was studied by TG, DTA and DSC methods and the enthalpies of dehydration were calculated (87.6 kJ mol–1 and 167.5 kJ mol–1 for the sulfate and selenate compound, respectively). The larger value of ΔHdeh of K2Be(SeO4)2·2H2O is due to the stronger hydrogen bonds formed in the selenate as compared to those formed in the respective sulfate owing to the stronger proton acceptor capabilities of the SeO42– ions. The enthalpies of formation (ΔHf0) of the dihydrates are also calculated from the DSC measurements (– 4467.4 kJ mol–1 and – 3447.1 kJ mol–1 for the sulfate and selenate compound, respectively). The anhydrous double salt, K2Be(SO4)2, forms tetragonal crystals with lattice parameters: a = 7.232(2) Å; c = 14.168(2) Å; V = 741.0 Å3, while the anhydrous salt, K2Be(SeO4)2, forms monoclinic crystals with lattice parameters: a = 9.217(3) Å; b = 10.645(3) Å; c = 8.989(2) Å; β = 108.52(4)°; V = 836.2 Å3. Vibrational spectra (infrared and Raman) of both the dihydrates and the anhydrous compounds are also presented and discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)