bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WWAN ceramic chip antenna for mobile phone application
Authors: Hsu Ming‐Ren , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA promising compact ceramic chip antenna capable of generating two wide operating bands at about 900 and 2000 MHz for covering GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS WWAN (wireless wide area network) operation is presented. The antenna comprises a ceramic chip base of high relative permittivity 40 and small volume 2.5 × 5 × 40 mm3 (0.5 cm3) and a simple metal pattern embedded therein. The metal pattern is of an asymmetric T‐shape with two different simple radiating arms; no meandering in the metal pattern is used, which is different from the meandered‐type metal pattern used in conventional chip antennas. Without meandering in the metal pattern, the possible large coupling between the adjacent portions in the metal pattern can be avoided. Large operating bandwidths are hence promising to be achieved. Also, without meandering in the metal pattern, the proposed chip antenna can still occupy a small volume for WWAN operation. The small volume allows it easy for the proposed antenna to incorporate the possible electronic elements such as the speaker and the lens of the embedded camera at the top portion of the system circuit board of the mobile phone to achieve a compact integration. Details of the proposed ceramic chip antenna are presented and studied. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 103–110, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24020
Compact broadband planar antenna for DVB‐H applications
Authors: Hanqing Ma , Chu Qing‐Xin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA novel compact broadband planar antenna for digital television signal reception is presented. The antenna consists of a folded radiating patch and a parasitic arm, which are easily printed on an FR4 substrate. The antenna occupies an area of only 70 × 42 mm2, while it covers a bandwidth (3:1 VSWR) of 360 MHz (460–820 MHz). Moreover, it has dipole‐like radiation patterns within its operation band with gain values larger than 0 dBi. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 239–242, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24024
Rectangular microstrips with variable air gap and varying aspect ratio: Improved formulations and experiments
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sudipta , Biswas Manotosh , Siddiqui Jawad Y. , Guha Debatosh 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe resonant modes and characteristics of a rectangular microstrip with a variable air gap are theoretically and experimentally examined. Effect of varying width to length ratio is another important aspect addressed and a computer aided design is presented. Thorough experiments are presented, a few of which are reported for the first time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 169–173, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24025
Monitoring of gliomas in vivo by diffusion MRI and 1H MRS during gene therapy‐induced apoptosis: interrelationships between water diffusion and mobile lipids
Authors: Liimatainen Timo , Hakumäki Juhana M. , Kauppinen Risto A. , Ala‐Korpela Mika 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe measurement of water diffusion by diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) in vivo offers a non‐invasive method for assessing tissue responses to anti‐cancer therapies. The pathway of cell death after anti‐cancer treatment is often apoptosis, which leads to accumulation of mobile lipids detectable by 1H MRS in vivo. However, it is not known how these discrete MR markers of cell death relate to each other. In a rodent tumour model [i.e. ganciclovir‐treated herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSV‐tk) gene‐transfected BT4C gliomas], we studied the interrelationships between water diffusion (Trace{D}) and mobile lipids during apoptosis. Water diffusion and water‐referenced concentrations of mobile lipids showed clearly increasing and interconnected trends during treatment. Of the accumulating 1H MRS‐visible lipids, the fatty acid CHCH groups and cholesterol compounds showed the strongest associations with water diffusion (r2 = 0.30; P < 0.05 and r2 = 0.48; P < 0.01, respectively). These results indicate that the tumour histopathology and apoptotic processes during tumour shrinkage can be interrelated in vivo by DWI of tissue water and 1H MRS of mobile lipids, respectively. However, there is considerable individual variation in the associations, particularly at the end of the treatment period, and in the relative compositions of the accumulating NMR‐visible lipids. The findings suggest that the assessment of individual treatment response in vivo may benefit from combining DWI and 1H MRS. Absolute and relative changes in mobile lipids may indicate initiation of tumour shrinkage even when changes in tissue water diffusion are still small. Conversely, greatly increased water diffusion probably indicates that substantial cell decomposition has taken place in the tumour tissue when the 1H MRS resonances of mobile lipids alone can no longer give a reliable estimate of tissue conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion‐weighted imaging of the prostate and rectal wall: comparison of biexponential and monoexponential modelled diffusion and associated perfusion coefficients
Authors: Riches S. F. , Hawtin K. , Charles‐Edwards E. M. , de Souza N. M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study compares parameters from monoexponential and biexponential modelling of diffusion‐weighted imaging of normal and malignant prostate tissue and normal rectal wall tissues. Fifty men with Stage Ic prostate cancer were studied using endorectal T2‐weighted imaging and diffusion‐weighted imaging with 11 diffusion‐sensitive values (b‐values = 0, 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 s/mm2). Regions of interest were drawn within non‐malignant central gland and peripheral zone, malignant prostate tissue and normal rectal wall tissue. Both a monoexponential and biexponential model was fitted over various b‐value ranges, giving an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from the monoexponential model and a diffusion coefficient, perfusion coefficient and perfusion fraction from the biexponential model. In all tissues, over the full range of b‐values, the ADC from the monoexponential model was significantly higher than the corresponding diffusion coefficient from the biexponential model. As the minimum b‐value increased, the ADC decreased and was equal to the diffusion coefficient for some b‐value ranges. The biexponential model best described the data when low b‐values were included, suggesting that there is a fast perfusion component. Neither model could distinguish between benign prostate tissues on the basis of diffusion coefficients, but the rectal wall tissue and malignant prostate tissue had significantly lower diffusion coefficients than normal prostate tissues. Perfusion coefficients and fractions were highly variable within the population, so their clinical utility may be limited, but removal of this variable perfusion component from reported diffusion coefficients is important when attributing clinical differences to diffusion within tissues. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The skulls of Chief Nonosabasut and his wife Demasduit – Beothuk of Newfoundland
Authors: Black S. M. , Marshall I. C. L. , Kitchener A. C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn March 1819 a young woman was abducted by white settlers and her husband was killed. They were among the few remaining members of the Beothuk of Newfoundland. Eight years later their skulls were removed from their burial hut and transferred to the University of Edinburgh. This paper describes these two important skulls and details injuries and pathologies not previously recorded in detail. Chief Nonosabasut displayed evidence of extensive trauma to the region of his chin which is most likely to be evidence of previous, but well‐healed, combat injuries. His wife, Demasduit, presented with an intriguing perimortem fracture to the left parietal bone which extended onto the base of the skull. This is discussed in the light of evidence available at the time of her death. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural gradient‐projection algorithm for distribution control
Authors: Zhang Zhenning , Sun Huafei , Zhong Fengwei 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we use an information geometric algorithm to solve the distribution control problem. Here, we consider the distribution of the output determined by the control input only. We set up two manifolds that are formed by the B‐spline functions and the system output probability density functions, and we call them the B‐spline manifold(B) and the system output manifold(M), respectively. Moreover, we call the new designed algorithm natural gradient‐projection algorithm. In the natural gradient step, we use natural gradient algorithm to obtain an optimal trajectory of the weight vector on the B‐spline manifold from the viewpoint of information geometry. In the projection step, we project the selected points on B onto M. The coordinates of the projections on M give the trajectory of the control input u. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The insulin‐like growth factor system and sarcomas
Authors: Rikhof Bart , de Jong Steven , Suurmeijer Albert JH , Meijer Coby , van der Graaf Winette TA 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSarcomas are a diverse group of malignant mesenchymal tumours arising from bone and soft tissues. The identification of critical cellular signalling pathways in sarcomas is an important issue for the development of new targeted therapies. This review highlights the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the role of the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) signalling system in the cellular transformation and progression of several types of sarcoma, including rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Preclinical data suggest that the IGF system could be a promising target for therapy in these sarcomas. Currently, therapies interrupting IGF signalling have been or are being developed. In recent phase 1 clinical studies with humanized monoclonal antibodies directed against IGF receptor type 1 (IGF‐1R), objective tumour responses were observed in several patients with Ewing's sarcoma, encouraging further clinical testing in Ewing's sarcoma and other sarcoma (sub)types. Moreover, the occasional occurrence of paraneoplastic hypoglycaemia as a result of the secretion of incompletely processed forms of pro‐IGF‐II by sarcomas is discussed. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telomere‐associated proteins: cross‐talk between telomere maintenance and telomere‐lengthening mechanisms
Authors: De Boeck Gitte , Forsyth Ramses G , Praet Marleen , Hogendoorn Pancras CW 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTelomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, have been the subject of intense investigation over the last decade. As telomere dysfunction has been associated with ageing and developing cancer, understanding the exact mechanisms regulating telomere structure and function is essential for the prevention and treatment of human cancers and age‐related diseases. The mechanisms by which cells maintain telomere lengthening involve either telomerase or the alternative lengthening of the telomere pathway, although specific mechanisms of the latter and the relationship between the two are as yet unknown. Many cellular factors directly (TRF1/TRF2) and indirectly (shelterin‐complex, PinX, Apollo and tankyrase) interact with telomeres, and their interplay influences telomere structure and function. One challenge comes from the observation that many DNA damage response proteins are stably associated with telomeres and contribute to several other aspects of telomere function. This review focuses on the different components involved in telomere maintenance and their role in telomere length homeostasis. Special attention is paid to understanding how these telomere‐associated factors, and mainly those involved in double‐strand break repair, perform their activities at the telomere ends. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal screening for serious congenital heart defects using nuchal translucency: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Wald Nicholas J. , Morris Joan K. , Walker Kate , Simpson John M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the performance of nuchal translucency (NT) measurements in screening for congenital heart defects (CHD) which would benefit from prenatal detection.MethodsA literature search was conducted of studies published prior to August 2007 of CHD and NT measurements in fetuses without chromosome defects. From this, data on 159 pregnancies were obtained. Fetuses with CHD that would benefit from prenatal detection were identified and their NT measurements were compared with NT measurements in 29 776 unaffected fetuses without Down syndrome from the Serum Urine and Ultrasound Screening Study (SURUSS) trial to determine the screening performance of NT measurements.ResultsIn all 67 fetuses with CHD were identified as potentially likely to benefit from prenatal detection. Using NT measurements, the estimated detection rate (DR) for a 5% false‐positive rate (FPR) was 52% (95% CI: 42–71).ConclusionPrenatal screening for CHD using NT measurements is likely to be effective, and given that NT measurement is already in place as part of prenatal screening for Down syndrome; this is an ideal time to set up demonstration projects to validate these results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of bis(2,3‐epoxycyclohexyl) and its cationic photopolymerization in the presence of different diols
Authors: Wang Zhonggang , Lin Xiaobo , Liu Wanshuang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: An ester‐free cycloaliphatic di‐epoxide, bis(2,3‐epoxycyclohexyl), with epoxycyclohexyl moieties linked via carbon–carbon bonds was synthesized and characterized. The photopolymerization of the di‐epoxide was systemically investigated in the presence of different diols, 1,2‐ethanediol, 1,4‐butanediol, 1,2‐propanediol and pinacol, using real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to follow the reaction process.RESULTS: Among the four diols, the presence of pinacol resulted in the fastest photopolymerization rate and highest degree of conversion of di‐epoxy groups, but a relatively low gel content, while the addition of 1,2‐ethanediol led to an inhibiting effect on the di‐epoxide reaction rate, but the product showed the highest gel content. The influences of the diols on the cationic photopolymerization behavior of the di‐epoxide were explained according to the steric hindrance, proton‐trapping ability and electronic effect of the diols.CONCLUSION: The study results provide the possibility to conveniently manipulate the photopolymerization rate and modify the properties of an epoxy resin by simply adjusting the structure and amount of added diol in the polymerization system to meet the demands for potential microelectronic and optoelectronic packaging applications. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of carbazole‐based light‐emitting polymers incorporating 2,5‐bis(phenylethenyl)‐4‐decyloxyanisole as collateral fluorophore
Authors: Takagi Koji , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Takao Hidenobu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Suzuki coupling polymerization between bis(carbazole) monomer (CzDB) and 9,9‐dihexylfluorene‐2,7‐diboronic acid was carried out to obtain PFCz‐PEDA0 having the number‐averaged molecular weight of 7000. The absorption and emission maximum wavelengths were observed at 344 and 408 nm, respectively. The quantum yield (QY) was relatively low (0.12) because of the photo‐induced electron transfer. Subsequently, CzPEDA‐bearing 2,5‐bis(phenylethenyl)‐4‐decyloxyanisole (PEDA) segment sandwiched with 3‐bromocarbazole units was copolymerized to give PFCz‐PEDAn (n = 05, 10, 20, 35, and 50). The content of PEDA segment in polymer could be controlled by the monomer feed ratio. In CHCl3 solution, the absorbance at around 400 nm became larger with one isosbestic point at 370 nm, and the emission peak at 448 nm became prominent with increasing the PEDA content. The QY of polymer was increased as the PEDA content, which was a consequence of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer from carbazole‐containing chromophore (energy donor) to PEDA fluorophore (energy acceptor). In spin‐coated film, the maximum QY was obtained in PFCz‐PEDA05 having the most appropriate molar balance of energy donor and acceptor units. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 8141–8148, 2008
Synthesis of UV‐cured acrylic–silica hybrid nanocomposites from dendritic acrylic oligomer and acrylic‐functionalized silica
Authors: Chiang Hau‐Chun , Liu Chia‐Hong , Tsiang Raymond Chien‐Chao 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn acrylic–silica hybrid polymeric nanocomposite, comprising well‐distributed silica nanoparticles in acrylic matrix, has been synthesized at a markedly rapid rate from a dendritic acrylic oligomer (DAO) and an acrylic‐functionalized silica (A‐silica) via UV‐curing. A‐silica was made by functioning colloidal silica nanoparticles with 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MATMS) and DAO was formed by reacting 1,5‐diamino‐2‐methylpentane (MPMDA) with trimethylopropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The MATMS has been found either doubly or singly bonded to silica nanoparticles but not triply bonded, and the inclusion of MATMS into the siloxane network structure increases the size of silica nanoparticles. The well distribution of A‐silica and its good compatibility with DAO cause an increase in Td of the acrylic–silica hybrid material. Silica nanoparticles are too small to cause any significant light scattering, and do not have deleterious effects on transparency. The “hybrid‐on‐polyethylene terephathalate” films exhibited satisfactory hardness and surface roughness because of silica nanoparticles. The preparation as well as the characterization of the constituting species and the final hybrid material are described in detail. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 8149–8158, 2008
Fluorenyl cardo copolyimides containing poly(ethylene oxide) segments: Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of properties
Authors: Maya Eva M. , Muñoz Dulce M. , Lozano Angel E. , de Abajo Javier , de la Campa Jose G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA set of new block copolyimides containing fluorenyl cardo moieties (FR) in the polyimide blocks and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) sequences has been prepared using the two‐step method of polyimide synthesis. The combination of both moieties led to novel copolyimides with good solubility in a variety of solvents, which could easily be processed into films. Copolyimides with PEO content from 30 to 56 wt % were amorphous, showed good mechanical properties, and absorbed less water than other PEO‐containing polyimides previously reported. Copolyimides with higher PEO content (60 and 65%) showed crystallinity and yielded soft films. All of the copolymers showed two glass transition temperatures, the first one around −25 °C attributed to the PEO segments, and the second one at much higher temperature, which corresponded to the polyimide domains. The thermal degradation occurred in two steps, the first one being associated with the degradation of the PEO segments and the second one with the generalized aromatic polyimide decomposition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 8170–8178, 2008
Functionalizable biodegradable photocrosslinked elastomers based on 2‐oxepane‐1,5‐dione
Authors: Timbart Laurianne , Amsden Brian G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe use of aliphatic polyesters for biomedical applications is limited by the lack of functionality of their backbones. The aim of the following study was to develop a novel elastic scaffold material containing functional groups to be used for future derivatization to tether peptide ligands to support cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. The elastomer was based on three‐arm star copolymers composed of ε‐caprolactone and a functionalized ε‐caprolactone, 2‐oxepane‐1,5‐dione, and end‐terminated with acrylate groups. The elastomer thus contains a ketone and two approaches were examined for obtaining a photocrosslinkable elastomer containing functional groups: crosslinking followed by ketone reduction using sodium borohydride to generate pendant hydroxyl groups, and reaction of the ketone with hydrazines. Reduction of the ketone lead to degradation of the elastomer through transesterification and ethanolate mediated cleavage of the polymer backbone. Reaction with hydrazines did not degrade the polymer and resulted in efficient functionalization of the elastomer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 8191–8199, 2008
Alveolar and bronchial nitric oxide output in healthy children
Authors: Sepponen Anna , Lehtimäki Lauri , Huhtala Heini , Kaila Minna , Kankaanranta Hannu , Moilanen Eeva 
Published: November 2008

AbstractExhaled nitric oxide (NO) concentration is a marker of pulmonary inflammation. It is usually measured at a single exhalation flow rate. However, measuring exhaled NO at multiple flow rates allows assessment of the flow‐independent NO parameters: alveolar NO concentration, bronchial NO flux, bronchial wall NO concentration, and bronchial diffusing capacity of NO. Our aim was to determine the flow‐independent NO parameters in healthy schoolchildren and to compare two different mathematical approaches. Exhaled NO was measured at four flow rates (10, 50, 100, and 200 ml/sec) in 253 schoolchildren (7–13 years old). Flow‐independent NO parameters were calculated with linear method (flows ≥50 ml/sec) and non‐linear method (all flows). Sixty‐six children (32 boys and 34 girls) with normal spirometry and no history or present symptoms of asthma, allergy, atopy or other diseases were included in the analysis. Median bronchial NO flux was 0.4 nl/sec (mean ± SD: 0.5 ± 0.3 nl/sec) and median alveolar NO concentration was 1.9 ppb (2.0 ± 0.8 ppb) with the linear method. Bronchial NO flux correlated positively with height (r = 0.423; P < 0.001), FEV1 (r = 0.358; P = 0.003), and FVC (r = 0.359; P = 0.003). With the non‐linear method, median bronchial wall NO concentration was 49.6 ppb (68.0 ± 53.3 ppb) and bronchial diffusing capacity of NO was 10.0 pl/sec/ppb (11.8 ± 7.5 pl/sec/ppb). The non‐linear method gave lower alveolar NO concentration (1.4 [1.5 ± 0.7] ppb, P < 0.001) and higher bronchial NO flux (0.5 [0.6 ± 0.3] nl/sec, P < 0.001) than the linear method, but the results were highly correlated between the two methods (r = 0.854 and r = 0.971, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the multiple flow rate method is feasible in children but different mathematical methods give slightly different results. Reference values in healthy children are of value when applying bronchial and alveolar NO parameters in the diagnostics and follow‐up of inflammatory lung diseases. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1242–1248. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.