bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of clinicopathologic predictors of oncologic outcome provides insight into the natural history of surgically managed papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Margulis Vitaly , Tamboli Pheroze , Matin Surena F. , Swanson David A. , Wood Christopher G. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.To gain further insight into the natural history of papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC), the authors evaluated oncologic impact of important clinical and pathologic prognostic factors and performed survival analyses in a large group of contemporary patients surgically treated for pRCC.METHODS.The institutional nephrectomy database was searched for patients who were managed with radical or partial nephrectomy for pRCC or clear cell RCC (cRCC) from 1994 to 2006.RESULTS.A total of 2157 patients with pRCC (n = 245) or cRCC (n = 1912) met protocol inclusion criteria. Kaplan‐Meier analyses revealed equivalent 5‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in the nonmetastatic pRCC patient group and revealed significantly decreased CSS in pRCC patients with distant metastases compared with matched cRCC patient cohorts. Presence of venous tumor thrombus was associated with a significant decrease in CSS and was an independent prognostic feature in pRCC patient cohort but not in patients with cRCC (5‐year CSS pRCC = 35%; cRCC = 66%; P = .012). Patients with pRCC were at a significantly increased risk of harboring metastatic lymph nodes compared with patients with cRCC (13% and 8.6%, respectively; P = .019); however, presence of lymph node metastases in patients with pRCC was associated with a relatively indolent disease course (5‐year CSS pRCC = 65%; cRCC = 19%; P = .029).CONCLUSIONS.The authors demonstrated significant differences in presentation, prognostic features, and patient outcomes among papillary and clear cell histologic subtypes of RCC. The authors' findings may potentially link unique molecular genetics that have been reported in pRCCs to its distinct clinical behavior. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Adsorption of Naphthalene and Quinoline on Pt, Pd and Rh: A DFT Study
Authors: Santarossa Gianluca , Iannuzzi Marcella , Vargas Angelo , Baiker Alfons 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe adsorption of naphthalene and quinoline on Pt(111), Pd(111) and Rh(111) surfaces is studied using density functional theory. The metal surfaces are simulated by means of large confined clusters and for Pt by means of a slab with periodic boundary conditions (PBC). Calculation parameters such as basis set convergence, basis set superposition error and effects of cluster relaxation and size are analyzed in order to assess the aptness of the cluster model. For all the metals, the preferred sites of adsorption are analyzed, thus revealing their different behaviors concerning structure and stability of adsorption modes. On Pt, the molecules have the richest theoretical configurational variety. Naphthalene and quinoline are found to adsorb preferentially on di‐bridge[7] sites on the three metals, and Rh exhibits higher adsorption energies than Pt and Pd. Structural features of the adsorbed molecules are correlated to the calculated adsorption energies. The di‐bridge[7] adsorption modes are studied in deeper detail decomposing the adsorption energies in two terms arising from molecular distortion and binding interaction to the metal. Molecular distortion is correlated to the HOMO–LUMO energy gap. The larger adsorption energies found for interactions with Rh result from the lower contribution of the distortion term. Binding interactions are described by analyzing the wave functions of naphthalene and quinoline adsorbed on a subunit of the large clusters in order to reduce the complexity of the analysis. Molecular orbitals are studied using concepts of Frontier Molecular Orbitals theory. This approach reveals that in the adsorption of naphthalene and quinoline on Pt and Pd, an antibonding state lies below the Fermi energy, while on Rh all antibonding states are empty, in agreement with the larger interaction energies. In addition, further insight is gained by projecting the density of states on the d band of the clean surfaces and of the adsorbed systems. This results in the rationalization of the structural features in terms of the concepts of electronic structure theory. The distributions of electronic density are described by means of Hirshfeld charges and isosurfaces of differential electron density. The net electron transfer from the metals to the molecules for most of the sites correlates with the trends of the adsorption energies.
SYTO probes in the cytometry of tumor cell death
Authors: Wlodkowic Donald , Skommer Joanna , Darzynkiewicz Zbigniew 
Published: February 2008

AbstractApoptosis is a complex and finely controlled cell death process of great relevance in tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis. The majority of classical apoptotic features can be examined by flow as well as image cytometry. Therefore, cytometry has been used as a technology of choice in studies of tumor cell demise. As search for new and more effective anticancer agents is still ongoing, there is undoubtedly a need for further development of high‐throughput screening platforms. Assays that allow multivariate characterization of cell death events in response to novel anticancer regimens are of particular significance. In this context, patented DNA‐binding SYTO probes are gaining increasing interest as easy to use markers of caspase‐dependent cell death. They are proving convenient for tracking apoptosis in diverse cell lines as well as in primary tumor samples. In this review, we outline most recent developments in the use of SYTO probes in cell necrobiology. We also present pilot characterization of novel SYTO orange stains (SYTO80 and SYTO81) and discuss their potential applications in cytometry of apoptosis. Finally, we provide a future outlook on SYTO probes in cytometric and microfluidics (Lab‐on‐a‐Chip) high content analysis applications. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
4‐Substituted and 4,5‐Disubstituted 3,6‐Di(2‐pyridyl)pyridazines: Ligands for Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Constable Edwin C. , Housecroft Catherine E. , Neuburger Markus , Reymann Sébastien , Schaffner Silvia 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe syntheses by inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions and characterization of 28 members of a family of 3,6‐di(2‐pyridyl)pyridazines, functionalized in the 4‐ or 4,5‐positions are reported. Single crystal structural data are presented for four representative derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
‘Excessive exercise’ and eating‐disordered behaviour in young adult women: further evidence from a primary care sample
Authors: Mond Jonathan , Myers Tricia Cook , Crosby Ross , Hay Phillipa , Mitchell James 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjective and MethodsIn order to replicate findings from previous community‐based research, conducted in Australia, in a different sample, we examined relationships between exercise behaviour, eating‐disordered behaviour and quality of life among young adult women attending one of two primary care facilities in the upper Midwest region of the United States.ResultsA high level of guilt when exercise is missed was associated with markedly elevated levels of eating disorder psychopathology and significantly reduced quality of life. The combination of exercising solely for weight and shape and intense guilt after missing exercise was associated with very high levels of eating disorder psychopathology, comparable to those of individuals seeking specialist treatment.ConclusionsThe findings provide further evidence that where young adult women experience intense guilt when exercise is missed, high levels of eating disorder psychopathology and poor quality of life can be expected, particularly when exercising solely for weight or shape reasons is also reported. Information to this effect should be included in both eating disorder and obesity prevention programmes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Shame in women with a history of eating disorders
Authors: Troop Nicholas A. , Allan Steven , Serpell Lucy , Treasure Janet L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectiveSeveral studies have investigated shame in eating disorders but most have used non‐clinical samples examined only one type of eating disorder or included only a limited range of shame measures. The current study explored shame from multiple perspectives in women who report a range of eating disorder diagnoses and who are at different stages of illness and recovery.MethodIn a postal questionnaire study, 224 women with a history of an eating disorder completed measures of anorexic and bulimic symptoms, depression and shame.ResultsAfter controlling for levels of depression, shame was associated with eating disorder symptoms. Specifically, shame as a measure of ‘perceived involuntary subordination’ (external shame) was uniquely associated with severity of anorexia nervosa symptoms, while shame as a measure of ‘feelings’ (internal shame) was uniquely associated with severity of bulimia nervosa symptoms.DiscussionDifferent types of shame are related to different eating disorder symptoms and this may have implications for the aetiology and presentation of these disorders. These affective states may need to be addressed explicitly in therapy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Impaired intercellular adhesion and immature adherens junctions in merlin‐deficient human primary schwannoma cells
Authors: Flaiz C. , Utermark T. , Parkinson D. B. , Poetsch A. , Hanemann C. O. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSchwannomas that occur spontaneously or in patients with neurofibromatosis Type 2, lack both alleles for the tumor suppressor and plasma membrane‐cytoskeleton linker merlin. We have shown that human primary schwannoma cells display activation of the RhoGTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 which results in highly dynamic and ongoing protrusive activity like ruffling. Ruffling is an initial and temporally limited step in the formation of intercellular contacts like adherens junctions that are based on the cadherin‐catenin system. We tested if there is a connection between Rac1‐induced ongoing ruffling and the maintenance, stabilization and functionality of adherens junctions and if this is of relevance in human, merlin‐deficient schwannoma cells. We show intense ongoing ruffling is not limited to membranes of single human primary schwannoma cells, but occurs also in membranes of contacting cells, even when confluent. Live cell imaging shows that newly formed contacts are released after a short time, suggesting disturbed formation or stabilization of adherens junctions. Morphology, high phospho‐tyrosine levels and cortactin staining indicate that adherens junctions are immature in human primary schwannoma cells, whereas they display characteristics of mature adherens junctions in human primary Schwann cells. When merlin is reintroduced, human primary schwannoma cells show only initial ruffling in contacting cells and adherens junctions appear more mature. We therefore propose that ongoing Rac‐induced ruffling causes immature adherens junctions and leads to impaired, nonfunctional intercellular adhesion in aggregation assays in merlin‐deficient schwannoma cells that could be an explanation for increased proliferation rates due to loss of contact inhibition or tumor development in general. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P2X7 receptor stimulation in primary cultures of rat spinal microglia induces downregulation of the activity for glutamate transport
Authors: Morioka Norimitsu , Abdin Md. Joynal , Kitayama Tomoya , Morita Katsuya , Nakata Yoshihiro , Dohi Toshihiro 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIt has been shown that spinal microglia expressing certain types of glutamate transporters function in the modulation of neuropathogenesis. In this study, the effect of ATP, potentially able to mediate the communication between neurons and glial cells in the spinal cord on the transport of glutamate in cultured spinal microglia, was investigated. Both GLAST and GLT‐1 were detected in the cells. Preincubation with ATP or 2′‐3′‐O‐(4‐benzoyl‐benzoyl) ATP (BzATP), a selective agonist for the P2X7 receptor, significantly blocked the uptake of glutamate. The effect of BzATP was reversed by pretreatment with brilliant blue G or oxidized ATP, each a selective antagonist for P2X7. The inhibitory effect of P2X7 receptor activation also occurred in the absence of extracellular Na+ or Ca2+, suggesting that the receptor regulates glutamate transport by a metabotropic pathway. Furthermore, pretreatment with inhibitors of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase, or antioxidants, significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of BzATP on the uptake of glutamate. Incubation with BzATP led to a marked decrease in the Vmax, but not the Km, of glutamate transport. However, treatment with BzATP did not induce the trafficking of glutamate transporters. These results suggest that the activation of P2X7 receptors in spinal microglia is important in the regulation of glutamate transport via activation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase cascade and production of oxidants. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bradykinin induces matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression and cell migration through a PKC‐δ‐dependent ERK/Elk‐1 pathway in astrocytes
Authors: Hsieh Hsi‐Lung , Wu Cheng‐Ying , Yang Chuen‐Mao 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMany reports have shown that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 plays an important role in brain inflammation and diseases. In our previous study, bradykinin (BK) has been shown to induce proMMP‐9 expression via MAPKs and NF‐κB in rat brain astrocytes (RBA‐1). However, the molecular mechanisms and physiological roles underlying BK‐induced MMP‐9 expression in RBA‐1 remain unclear. Here we reported that BK induced proMMP‐9 expression and promoted RBA‐1 cell migration, via a B2 BK receptor‐activated protein kinase C‐δ (PKC‐δ)‐dependent signaling pathway. Activation of PKC‐δ led to phosphorylation and translocation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and then activated a transcription factor Elk‐1. Phospho‐Elk‐1 bound to MMP‐9 promoter and thereby induced transcription of MMP‐9. The rat MMP‐9 promoter containing an Elk‐1 cis‐binding site (Ets domain), that located at nucleotides −511 to −506 was identified as a crucial domain linking to BK action. Moreover, BK induced recruitment of p300 (as a transcriptional co‐activator) to the MMP‐9 promoter, leading to the acetylation of histone H4 in chromatin and facilitating MMP‐9 gene transcription. Taken together, these results suggested that in RBA‐1 cells, activation of ERK1/2 by a PKC‐δ‐dependent event mediated through Elk‐1 pathway is essential for MMP‐9 gene up‐regulation and cell migration induced by BK. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic expression of TrkB receptor protein on proliferating and maturing cells in the adult mouse dentate gyrus
Authors: Donovan Michael H. , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Eisch Amelia J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, presumably via its primary receptor, TrkB. However, controversy exists about how BDNF affects neurogenesis (e.g., proliferation vs. survival/differentiation). This controversy arises, in part, due to the lack of information about whether and when TrkB is expressed on adult neural precursors in vivo. We utilized multiple methods to analyze proliferating and maturing cells in the adult mouse subgranular zone (SGZ) for TrkB protein. Using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to “birthdate” cells, we found that the proportion of proliferating cells that were TrkB‐immunoreactive (IR) was low and remained low for at least 1 week, but increased with further survival after BrdU labeling. Use of the nestin‐GFP transgenic mouse and the immature neuron marker, doublecortin (Dcx), revealed that the likelihood of being TrkB‐IR increased with presumed maturity of the cell type. Stem‐like cells, which rarely divide, were likely to express TrkB protein. However, early progenitors (GFP+/Dcx−) and late progenitors (GFP+/Dcx+), both of which are still in the cell cycle, were unlikely to be TrkB‐IR. Immature neuroblasts (GFP−/Dcx+) were more likely to express TrkB, especially as they presented a more mature morphology. Taken together, these findings emphasize that expression of TrkB protein is closely linked to progression toward neuronal maturity. This provides evidence that maturing, but not proliferating, cells in the adult mouse SGZ have the molecular machinery necessary to respond directly to BDNF. Furthermore, these findings lay critical groundwork for further exploration of the role of BDNF‐TrkB signaling in regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ground‐based thermography of fluvial systems at low and high discharge reveals potential complex thermal heterogeneity driven by flow variation and bioroughness
Authors: Cardenas M. Bayani , Harvey Judson W. , Packman Aaron I. , Scott Durelle T. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTemperature is a primary physical and biogeochemical variable in aquatic systems. Field‐based measurement of temperature at discrete sampling points has revealed temperature variability in fluvial systems, but traditional techniques do not readily allow for synoptic sampling schemes that can address temperature‐related questions with broad, yet detailed, coverage. We present results of thermal infrared imaging at different stream discharge (base flow and peak flood) conditions using a handheld IR camera. Remotely sensed temperatures compare well with those measured with a digital thermometer. The thermal images show that periphyton, wood, and sandbars induce significant thermal heterogeneity during low stages. Moreover, the images indicate temperature variability within the periphyton community and within the partially submerged bars. The thermal heterogeneity was diminished during flood inundation, when the areas of more slowly moving water to the side of the stream differed in their temperature. The results have consequences for thermally sensitive hydroecological processes and implications for models of those processes, especially those that assume an effective stream temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Mekong River basin hydrology for 1980–2000 using the YHyM
Authors: Hapuarachchi Hapu Arachchige Prasantha , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi , Zhou Maichun , Kiem Anthony Stuart , Georgievski Mikhail , Magome Jun , Ishidaira Hiroshi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the Mekong River basin hydrology for the 1980–2000 period using a grid‐based distributed hydrological model called Yamanashi Hydrological Model (YHyM). The performance of the model is evaluated using data observed at different locations and the results justify the physical soundness of the model. The seasonal variations of climatic and hydrological characteristics of the basin such as soil moisture, ground water saturation deficit, runoff, precipitation, evapotranspiration, etc. are analysed. On the basis of the simulated results, it is noticeable that there is no significant trend in the precipitation, discharge, or soil moisture state of the basin during the simulated period, though there are some seasonal variations which seem to be natural. However the analysis on the precipitation elasticity (E) of the river flow shows that the E values for all sub‐basins are greater than unity, which indicates that x% change in annual precipitation can cause > x% change in annual river flow. Further the basin hydrological responses are analysed for a long term synthetically‐induced drought the results of which show the significance of the base flow of the Mekong River basin. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sublimation from thin snow cover at the edge of the Eurasian cryosphere in Mongolia
Authors: Zhang Yinsheng , Ishikawa M. , Ohata T. , Oyunbaatar D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSublimation from thin snow cover at the edge of the Eurasian cryosphere in Mongolia was calculated using the aerodynamic profile method and verified by eddy covariance observations using multiple‐level meteorological data from three sites representing a variety of geographic and vegetative conditions in Mongolia. Data were collected in the winter and analysed from three sites. Intense sublimation events, defined by daily sublimation levels of more than 0·4 mm, were predominant in their effect on the temporal variability of sublimation. The dominant meteorological elements affecting sublimation were wind speed and air temperature, with the latter affecting sublimation indirectly through the vapour deficit. Seasonal and interannual variations in sublimation were investigated using long‐interval estimations for 19 years at a mountainous‐area meteorological station and for 24 years at a flat‐plain meteorological station. The general seasonal pattern indicated higher rates of sublimation in both the beginning and ending of the snow‐covered period, when the wind speed and vapour deficit were higher. Annual sublimation averaged 11·7 mm at the flat‐plain meteorological station, or 20·3% of the annual snowfall, and 15·7 mm at the site in the mountains, or 21·6% of snowfall. The sum of snow sublimation and snowmelt evaporation represented 17 to 20% of annual evapotranspiration in a couple observation years. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐analytical solution for a slug test in partially penetrating wells including the effect of finite‐thickness skin
Authors: Yeh Hund‐Der , Chen Yen‐Ju , Yang Shaw‐Yang 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a new semi‐analytical solution for a slug test in a well partially penetrating a confined aquifer, accounting for the skin effect. This solution is developed based on the solution for a constant‐flux pumping test and a formula given by Peres and co‐workers in 1989. The solution agrees with that of Cooper and co‐workers and the KGS model when the well is fully penetrating. The present solution can be applied to simulate the temporal and spatial head distributions in both the skin and formation zones. It can also be used to demonstrate the influences of skin type or skin thickness on the well water level and to estimate the hydraulic parameters of the skin and formation zones using a least‐squares approach. The results of this study indicate that the determination of hydraulic conductivity using a conventional slug‐test data analysis that neglects the presence of a skin zone will give an incorrect result if the aquifer has a skin zone. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.