bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring local genetic variation in permethrin-resistant head lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) from Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Toloza Ariel C , Ascunce Marina S , Reed David L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The cosmopolitan ectoparasite human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis (De Geer)(Phthiraptera:Pediculidae), affects mostly school-aged children, with infestations reported every year mainly due to louse resistance to pyrethroids. One of the main resistance mechanisms of pyrethroids is the target site insensitivity (kdr), which is caused by single-nucleotide point mutations (SNPs) located in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene. In this study, we analyzed individual head lice toxicologically via the description of their susceptibility profile to permethrin and genetically through the genotypification of their kdr alleles as well as nuclear microsatellite loci. Lice were collected from 4 schools in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The resistance ratios varied from 33.3% to 71.4%, with a frequency of the T917I kdr mutation of 87.31% and with 83.6% of the head lice being homozygous resistant to pyrethroids. Microsatellite data indicated that all the louse school populations had genotype proportions that deviated from Hardy–Weinberg expectations, with FIS &gt; 0 reflecting a deficit of heterozygotes. Bottleneck analysis suggested that all louse school populations underwent a recent reduction in population sizes, while 3 of the 4 schools had gene flow values around 1, indicating ongoing gene flow among those schools. Our study suggests that school louse populations in the city of Buenos Aires may form a metapopulation, where each school represents a small population that undergoes extinction and recolonization processes under strong permethrin selection. This is the first multilevel analysis integrating toxicological, kdr-genotyping, and microsatellite data in human louse populations.
Sustained activation of the FGF1–MEK–ERK pathway inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration and enhances radiosensitivity in mouse angiosarcoma cells
Authors: Miura Taichi , Kado Junko , Ashisuke Kazuma , Masuzawa Mikio , Nakayama Fumiaki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare refractory soft-tissue tumor with a poor prognosis and is treated by radiotherapy. The fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) mutant, with enhanced thermostability due to several substituted amino acids, inhibits angiosarcoma cell metastasis, yet the mechanism of action is unclear. This study aims to clarify the FGF1 mutant mechanism of action using ISOS-1 mouse angiosarcoma cells. The wild-type FGF1 or FGF1 mutant was added to ISOS-1 cells and cultured, evaluating cell numbers over time. The invasive and migratory capacity of ISOS-1 cells was assessed by transwell analysis. ISOS-1 cell radiosensitivity was assessed by colony formation assay after X-ray irradiation. To examine whether mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor counteracts the FGF1 mutant effects, a combination of MEK inhibitor and FGF1 mutant was added to ISOS-1 cells and cultured. The FGF1 mutant was observed to inhibit ISOS-1 cell proliferation, invasion and migration by sustained FGF1 signaling activation. A MEK inhibitor suppressed the FGF1 mutant-induced inhibition of proliferation, invasion and migration of ISOS-1 cells. Furthermore, the FGF1 mutant enhanced radiosensitivity of ISOS-1 cells, but MEK inhibition suppressed the increased radiosensitivity. In addition, we found that the FGF1 mutant strongly inhibits actin polymerization, suggesting that actin cytoskeletal dynamics are closely related to ISOS-1 cell radiosensitivity. Overall, this study demonstrated that in ISOS-1 cells, the FGF1 mutant inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration while enhancing radiosensitivity through sustained activation of the MEK-mediated signaling pathway.
Endoscopic management of ingested toothpick resulting in duodeno-ureteric fistula
Authors: Roberts Georgia , McKay Bartholomew , Nathanson Andrew , Hii Michael W , Banting Simon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Toothpicks are commonly used but rarely ingested. Unlike most foreign bodies, if accidentally swallowed these rarely spontaneously pass. The duodenum has been reported as the most common site of toothpick foreign body lodgement in the upper gastrointestinal tract. We report the case of a 57-year-old presenting with recurrent urosepsis after non recognition of a toothpick impaction in the duodenum with fistulisation into the right renal pelvis. Endoscopic removal of the foreign body was successful in management of the urosepsis.
Mucoepidermoid microcarcinoma in the context of parotid gland cyst
Authors: Luizetti João P B , Milanez Pedro P M , Castro Mario A F , de Almeida Ricardo C , Dedivitis Rogério A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a type of salivary gland cancer that can develop in the context of a parotid gland cyst. This type of tumor is composed of mucous, epidermoid, and intercalated cells, and usually presents as a slow-growing and painless mass. A parotid gland cyst is a condition in which a fluid-filled sac forms in the parotid gland. The tumor can be masked as it develops within the parotid cyst. A 45-year-old female patient presented with a suspect of benign neoplasm of the major salivary gland. She underwent partial right parotidectomy, which upon pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of mucoepidermoid microcarcinoma associated with parotid gland cysts. The patient did well and continues under regular follow-up with no further treatment.
Scaling of leaf area with biomass in trees reconsidered: constant metabolically active sapwood volume per unit leaf area with height growth
Authors: Berry Eapsa , Anfodillo Tommaso , Castorena Matiss , Echeverría Alberto , Olson Mark E 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hypoallometric (slope&lt;1) scaling between metabolic rate and body mass is often regarded as near-universal across organisms. However, there are compelling reasons to question hypoallometric scaling in woody plants, where metabolic rate is directly proportional to leaf area. This leaf area must provide carbon to the volume of the metabolically active sapwood (VMASW). Within populations of a species, variants in which VMASW increases per unit leaf area with height growth (e.g. ⅔ or ¾ scaling) would have proportionally less carbon for growth and reproduction as they grow taller. Therefore, selection should favor individuals in which, as they grow taller, leaf area scales isometrically with shoot VMASW (slope=1). Using tetrazolium staining, we measured total VMASW and total leaf area (LAtot) across 22 individuals of Ricinus communis and confirmed that leaf area scales isometrically with VMASW, and that VMASW is much smaller than total sapwood volume. With the potential of the LAtot–VMASW relationship to shape factors as diverse as the crown area–stem diameter relationship, conduit diameter scaling, reproductive output, and drought-induced mortality, our work indicates that the notion that sapwood increases per unit leaf area with height growth requires revision.
Delayed senescence and crop performance under stress: always a functional couple?
Authors: Antonietta Mariana , Martinez Dana , Guiamet Juan J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Exposure to abiotic stresses accelerates leaf senescence in most crop plant species, thereby reducing photosynthesis and other assimilatory processes. In some cases, genotypes with delayed leaf senescence (i.e. ‘stay-green’) show stress resistance, particularly in cases of water deficit, and this has led to the proposal that senescence delay improves crop performance under some abiotic stresses. In this review, we summarize the evidence for increased resistance to abiotic stress, mostly water deficit, in genotypes with delayed senescence, and specifically focus on the physiological mechanisms and agronomic conditions under which the stay-green trait may ameliorate grain yield under stress.
Gravitational waves from non-radial oscillations of stochastically accreting neutron stars
Authors: Dong Wenhao , Melatos Andrew 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Oscillating neutron stars are sources of continuous gravitational waves. We study analytically the excitation of stellar oscillations by the mechanical impact on the stellar surface of ‘clumps’ of stochastically accreted matter. We calculate the waveform and spectrum of the gravitational wave signal emitted by the accretion-driven pulsations. Results are generated for an idealized model of a non-rotating, unmagnetized, one-component star with uniform polytropic index npoly assuming Newtonian gravity and the Cowling approximation. We find that the excited mode amplitudes grow with increasing npoly and mode order n. The gravitational wave signal forms a sequence of amplitude-modulated packets for npoly = 1, lasting ∼10−3 s after each impact. The gravitational wave strain increases with increasing npoly, but decreases with increasing n and increasing multipole order l for npoly = 1. In the observing band of current long-baseline interferometers, g modes emit higher, narrower peaks in the amplitude spectral density than f and p modes, with the highest peaks reaching ∼10−26 Hz−1/2 for modes with damping time τnl ∼ 108 yr. The root-mean-square strain hrms, calculated by summing over modes with 2 ≤ l ≤ 4 and τnl ≤ 108 yr, spans the range 10−33 ≤ hrms ≤ 10−32 for 1 ≤ npoly ≤ 2.
Insights into the 21 cm field from the vanishing cross-power spectrum at the epoch of reionization
Authors: Moriwaki Kana , Beane Angus , Lidz Adam 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The early stages of the epoch of reionization, probed by the 21 cm line, are sensitive to the detailed properties and formation histories of the first galaxies. We use 21cmfast and a simple, self-consistent galaxy model to examine the redshift evolution of the large-scale cross-power spectrum between the 21 cm field and line-emitting galaxies. A key transition in redshift occurs when the 21 cm field shifts from being positively correlated with the galaxy distribution to being negatively correlated. Importantly, this transition redshift is insensitive to the properties of the galaxy tracers but depends sensitively on the thermal and ionization histories traced through the 21 cm field. Specifically, we show that the transition occurs when both ionization fluctuations dominate over 21 cm spin temperature fluctuations and when the average spin temperature exceeds the temperature of the cosmic microwave background. We illustrate this with three different 21 cm models which have largely the same neutral fraction evolution but different heating histories. We find that the transition redshift has a scale dependence, and that this can help disentangle the relative importance of heating and ionization fluctuations. The best prospects for constraining the transition redshift occur in scenarios with late X-ray heating, where the transition occurs at redshifts as low as z ∼ 6–8. In our models, this requires high-redshift galaxy surveys with sensitivities of $\sim 10^{-18}~\rm erg\,s^{-1}\,cm^{-2}$ for optical lines and $\sim 10^{-19}~\rm erg\,s^{-1}\,cm^{-2}$ for far-infrared lines. Future measurements of the transition redshift can help discriminate between 21 cm models and will benefit from reduced systematics.
Interplay of the Tfb1 pleckstrin homology domain with Rad2 and Rad4 in transcription coupled and global genomic nucleotide excision repair
Authors: Gong Wenzhi , Holmberg Hannah , Lu Cheng , Huang Michelle , Li Shisheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) and global genomic repair (GGR) are two subpathways of nucleotide excision repair (NER). The TFIIH subunit Tfb1 contains a Pleckstrin homology domain (PHD), which was shown to interact with one PHD-binding segment (PB) of Rad4 and two PHD-binding segments (PB1 and PB2) of Rad2 in vitro. Whether and how the different Rad2 and Rad4 PBs interact with the same Tfb1 PHD, and whether and how they affect TCR and GGR within the cell remain mysterious. We found that Rad4 PB constitutively interacts with Tfb1 PHD, and the two proteins may function within one module for damage recognition in TCR and GGR. Rad2 PB1 protects Tfb1 from degradation and interacts with Tfb1 PHD at a basal level, presumably within transcription preinitiation complexes when NER is inactive. During a late step of NER, the interaction between Rad2 PB1 and Tfb1 PHD augments, enabling efficient TCR and GGR. Rather than interacting with Tfb1 PHD, Rad2 PB2 constrains the basal interaction between Rad2 PB1 and Tfb1 PHD, thereby weakening the protection of Tfb1 from degradation and enabling rapid augmentation of their interactions within TCR and GGR complexes. Our results shed new light on NER mechanisms.
Edward Yang
Authors: Fung Paul 
Published: April 2024

Edward Yang (楊德昌) (b. 6 November 1947 – d. 29 June 2007), a key figure in the Taiwanese New Wave in the 1980s, was born in Shanghai, China, in 1947. He emigrated to Taiwan in 1949 with his family after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China on the mainland. During his childhood, Yang was exposed to films by Federico Fellini and Robert Bresson. After his undergraduate study in electrical engineering in Taiwan, he pursued his postgraduate study on the same subject at the University of Florida. He worked for a few years at the Center for Informatics Research at the same university. He studied briefly at the University of Southern California film school and applied to Harvard’s architecture school. He did not complete any of these programs and ended up working on microcomputers and defense software in Seattle. Yang watched Werner Herzog’s Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972) in a cinema in Seattle. He had an epiphany and decided that he should become a film director. Yang would go on to produce some of the most influential films in world cinema: Taipei Story (青梅竹馬) (1985) The Terrorizers (恐怖分子) (1986), A Bridger Summer Day (牯嶺街少年殺人事件) (1991), A Confucian Confusion (獨立時代) (1994), Mahjong (麻將) (1996) and Yi Yi (一一) (2000). It was for the last film that Yang won Best Director at the Cannes Film Festival. Yang died of colon cancer in Beverly Hills at the age of fifty-nine. Yang worked with several notable artists in his relatively short career, including the actress Sylvia Cheng, the cinematographer Christopher Doyle, the film director Hou Hsiao-hsien, the playwright and theater director Stan Lai, the singer Tsai Chin, and the screenwriter Wu Nien-jen.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Schizophrenia and Other Non-mood Psychotic Disorders: Findings From a Large Inpatient Database in the United States
Authors: Trivedi Chintan , Reddy Preetam , Rizvi Abid , Husain Karrar , Brown Kimberly , Mansuri Zeeshan , Nabi Mahamudun , Jain Shailesh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked with an increased risk of schizophrenia and other non-mood psychotic disorders (psychotic disorders), but the prevalence and contributing factors of these psychiatric conditions post-TBI remain unclear. This study explores this link to identify key risk factors in TBI patients.

Methods
We used the 2017 National Inpatient Sample dataset. Patients with a history of TBI (n = 26 187) were identified and matched 1:1 by age and gender to controls without TBI (n = 26 187). We compared clinical and demographic characteristics between groups. The association between TBI and psychotic disorders was explored using the logistic regression analysis, and results were presented as Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Psychotic disorders were significantly more prevalent in TBI patients (10.9%) vs controls (4.7%) (P &lt; .001). Adjusted odds of psychotic disorders were 2.2 times higher for TBI patients (95% CI 2.05–2.43, P &lt; .001). Male TBI patients had higher psychotic disorders prevalence than females (11.9% vs 8.4%). Younger age, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, personality disorders, and intellectual disability are associated with an increased risk of psychotic disorders in men.

Conclusion
Our study found that hospitalized TBI patients had 2.2 times higher odds of Schizophrenia non-mood psychotic disorder, indicating an association. This highlights the need for early screening of psychotic disorders and intervention in TBI patients, calling for more research.
A Clinical Framework for Video Head Impulse Testing and Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Assessments in Primary School-Aged Children
Authors: Van Hecke Ruth , Deconinck Frederik J. A. , Danneels Maya , Dhooge Ingeborg , Uzeel Bo , Maes Leen 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:This study aimed to offer normative data and age trends of an age-appropriate vestibular test protocol in a large group (n = 140) of school-aged children (6 to 13 years old) as well as to provide a practical and clinical framework for accurate performance and interpretation of vestibular test results in this specific age group.Design:The typically developing participants (mean age of 9.51 ± 2.04 years) were recruited to provide a representative group of 20 children for each of the seven age groups that were composed of children aged from 6 to 13 years in 1-year intervals. Each age group consisted of 10 boys and 10 girls. The protocol comprises the video head impulse test, and cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential assessments to provide a child-friendly, noninvasive, short, and portable test battery, which is equally applicable in the hospital and office-practice, and which provides information on the integrity of all five parts of the peripheral vestibular system.Results:The study demonstrates that all included tests and methods, with an overall test duration of 25 min 12 sec ± 5 min 10 sec, were feasible to perform in primary school-aged children, taking into account some practical adaptations. Concerning the video head impulse test, no clinically relevant sex and age effects were noted. However,ttests revealed significant differences for the mean gain of the horizontal (right > left;t[139] = 14.563;p< 0.001) and posterior semicircular canals (left > right;t[139] = −4.823;p< 0.001) between both sides. For the cVEMP assessment, no laterality differences were observed for any of the parameters, but a significantly shorter N1 latencies in the youngest age categories (<8 years), compared with the oldest groups were observed [F(6,118) = 8.336;p< 0.001; partialƞ² = 0.298]. For all oVEMP parameters, no laterality, sex, or age differences were seen. On the basis of the presented normative data, cutoff criteria were proposed with accompanying clinical recommendations to perform vestibular function testing in this target population.Conclusions:This is the first study in a large group of school-aged children offering normative data and age trends of an age-appropriate vestibular test protocol that evaluates the integrity of all parts of the peripheral vestibular organ. The reported normative values and clinical cutoff values will enable appropriate and age-specific interpretation of clinical and scientific results. Moreover, in combination with extensive history taking, and additional vestibular testing (e.g., rotatory chair test, caloric testing) when needed, the results of this study may support clinicians in the diagnosis of side-specific and location-specific vestibular deficits, which is required for accurate counseling and referral for further follow-up and/or intervention.
Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Outpatients With Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Survey of Orthopaedic and Sports Academies
Authors: Manske Robert C. , Heick John D. , Young Brian A. 
Published: April 2024

PURPOSE:
Venous thromboembolism can present as either a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or a pulmonary embolism. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in physical therapists' estimation of the probability of a patient having a DVT in patient vignettes as compared with the modified Wells criteria prediction.

METHODS:
Members of the American Academy of Orthopaedics, Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapists (AOPT), and American Academy of Sports Physical Therapy (AASPT) completed patient vignettes. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and sign tests assessed for differences between responses of the presence of DVT (likely or unlikely) and whether referral was necessary.

RESULTS:
Six hundred and seventy consented, and 521 completed the survey of 24,028 members from the AOPT and AASPT. In total, 7.2% did not feel competent to screen for DVT. Descriptive statistics revealed difficulty in determining whether a DVT was likely or unlikely in 4/5 vignettes as compared with the modified Wells criteria, with only vignette 2 having 95.9% correctly answering as DVT being unlikely. In the other 4 vignettes, approximately 60% to 70% of respondents estimated DVT to be likely, despite 2 of these being unlikely. Across the vignettes, between 2.3% and 19.2% more respondents chose to refer when they determined if a DVT was likely. Across vignettes, statistically significant differences between DVT being likely or unlikely and decision to refer were present. Respondents consistently chose to refer even when a DVT was unlikely (P < .001 for vignettes 1, 3–5. P = .038 for vignette 2).

CONCLUSIONS:
Venous thromboembolisms are potentially life-threatening conditions seen by physical therapists. Members of the AOPT and AASPT have difficulty in determining the presence or absence of DVT in clinical case vignettes, with some demonstrating a conservative management decision to refer despite low probability of DVT. Efforts to educate members should be considered to improve the understanding of DVT assessment.

Clinical Pearls:
Members of the AOPT and AASPT appear to have difficulty in determining the presence of a DVT in clinical patient vignettes. Respondents chose to refer patients perhaps with conservative caution. Efforts to educate therapists should be considered to improve the understanding of DVT assessment.
Importance of Higher-Order Aberrations on Both Anterior and Posterior Surfaces After Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Igarashi Ami , Tsuchiya Ayako , Shimizu Toshiki , Yuda Kentaro , Kato Naoko , Yamagami Satoru , Hayashi Takahiko 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in higher-order aberrations (HOAs), coma, and spherical aberrations (SAs) on the anterior, posterior, and total corneal surfaces after pterygium excision.

Methods:
In this single-center study, we examined 19 eyes of 15 patients who underwent pterygium excision at Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital between January 2017 and December 2017. We also evaluated 25 eyes of 25 age-matched patients with no history of ocular disease as the control group. Corneal topography, total HOAs, coma, and SAs in all regions at 4 and 6 mm diameters were evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (CASIA SS-1000, Tomey, Japan). The pterygium area and extent were also assessed.

Results:
Significant improvements in the HOAs, coma, and SAs at both diameters were observed in the total and anterior corneas from the first postoperative month. Notably, the posterior cornea showed significant improvements in HOAs (4 mm: P < 0.001 [log HOAs]; 6 mm: P = 0.001 [log HOAs]) and coma (4 mm: P = 0.003 [log coma], 6 mm: P = 0.002 [log coma]) within both diameters at 1 month postoperatively. A strong correlation was identified among the pterygium area, posterior HOAs, and coma (Spearman correlation = 0.651). Pterygium induced 2 D of astigmatism when extension exceeded 2.1 mm.

Conclusions:
HOAs in both the anterior and posterior corneas improved after pterygium excision. This finding underscores the importance of considering corneal aberrations on both anterior and posterior surfaces in pterygium management.