bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dark balance: quantifying the inner halo response to active galactic nuclei feedback in galaxies
Authors: Arora Nikhil , Courteau Stéphane , Macciò Andrea V , Cho Changhyun , Patel Raj , Stone Connor 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a study of the impact of supermassive black hole (SMBH) feedback on dark matter (DM) haloes in numerical NIHAO (Numerical Investigation of a Hundred Astrophysical Object) simulations of galaxies. In particular, the amount of DM displaced via active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback and the physical scale over which AGN feedback affects the DM halo are quantified by comparing NIHAO simulations with and without AGN feedback. NIHAO galaxies with log (M*/M⊙) ≥ 10.0 show a growing central DM suppression of 0.2 dex (∼40  per cent) from z = 1.5 to the present relative to no AGN feedback simulations. The growth of the DM suppression is related to the mass evolution of the SMBH and the gas mass in the central regions. For the most massive NIHAO galaxies with log (M*/M⊙) &gt; 10.5, partially affected by numerical resolution, the central DM suppression peaks at z = 0.5 after which halo contraction overpowers AGN feedback due a shortage of gas and thus, SMBH growth. The spatial scale, or ‘sphere of influence’, over which AGN feedback affects the DM distribution decreases as a function of time for Milky Way-mass galaxies (from ∼16 kpc at z = 1.5 to ∼7.8 kpc at z = 0) as a result of halo contraction due to stellar growth. For the most massive NIHAO galaxies, the size of the sphere of influence remains constant (∼16 kpc) for z &gt; 0.5 owing to the balance between AGN feedback and halo contraction.
Emission-line velocity, metallicity, and extinction maps of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Lah Philip , Colless Matthew , D’Eugenio Francesco , Groves Brent , Gelfand Joseph D 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We measure the properties of optical emission lines in multiple locations across the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using the Australian National University 2.3-m telescope and the Wide-Field Spectrograph (WiFeS). From these measurements, we interpolate maps of the gas-phase metallicity, extinction, Hα radial velocity, and Hα velocity dispersion across the LMC. The LMC metallicity maps show a complex structure that cannot be explained by a simple radial gradient. The bright H ii region 30 Doradus stands out as a region of high extinction. The Hα and H i gas radial velocities are mostly consistent except for a region to the south and east of the LMC centre. The Hα velocity dispersion is almost always higher than the H i velocity dispersion, except in the region that shows the divergence in radial velocity, where the H i velocity dispersion is greater than the Hα velocity dispersion. This suggests that the H i gas is diverging from the stellar radial velocity, perhaps as a result of inflow or outflow of H i gas. The study of dwarf galaxies like the LMC is important as they are the building blocks of larger galaxies like our own Milky Way. The maps provided in this work show details not accessible in the study of more distant dwarf galaxies.
Metal-poor star formation at z &gt; 6 with JWST: new insight into hard radiation fields and nitrogen enrichment on 20 pc scales
Authors: Topping Michael W , Stark Daniel P , Senchyna Peter , Plat Adele , Zitrin Adi , Endsley Ryan , Charlot Stéphane , Furtak Lukas J , Maseda Michael V , Smit Renske , Mainali Ramesh , Chevallard Jacopo , Molyneux Stephen , Rigby Jane R 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Nearly a decade ago, we began to see indications that reionization-era galaxies power hard radiation fields rarely seen at lower redshift. Most striking were detections of nebular C iv emission in what appeared to be typical low-mass galaxies, requiring an ample supply of 48 eV photons to triply ionize carbon. We have obtained deep JWST/NIRSpec R = 1000 spectroscopy of the two z &gt; 6 C iv-emitting galaxies known prior to JWST. Here, we present a rest-UV to optical spectrum of one of these two systems, the multiply-imaged z = 6.1 lensed galaxy RXCJ2248-ID. NIRCam imaging reveals two compact (&lt;22 pc) clumps separated by 220 pc, with one comprising a dense concentration of massive stars (&gt;10 400 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2) formed in a recent burst. We stack spectra of 3 images of the galaxy (J = 24.8–25.9), yielding a very deep spectrum providing a high-S/N template of strong emission line sources at z &gt; 6. The spectrum reveals narrow high-ionization lines (He ii, C iv, N iv]) with line ratios consistent with powering by massive stars. The rest-optical spectrum is dominated by very strong emission lines ([O iii] EW = 2800 Å), albeit with weak emission from low-ionization transitions ([O iii]/[O ii] = 184). The electron density is found to be very high (6.4–31.0 × 104 cm−3) based on three UV transitions. The ionized gas is metal poor ($12+\log (\rm O/H)=7.43^{+0.17}_{-0.09}$), yet highly enriched in nitrogen ($\log (\rm N/O)=-0.39^{+0.11}_{-0.10}$). The spectrum appears broadly similar to that of GNz11 at z = 10.6, without showing the same AGN signatures. We suggest that the hard radiation field and rapid nitrogen enrichment may be a short-lived phase that many z &gt; 6 galaxies go through as they undergo strong bursts of star formation. We comment on the potential link of such spectra to globular cluster formation.
Constraining mass transfer models with galactic neutron star–white dwarf binaries as gravitational wave sources
Authors: He Jian-Guo , Shao Yong , Xu Xiao-Jie , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Neutron star–white dwarf (NSWD) binaries are one of the most abundant sources of gravitational waves (GWs) in the Milky Way. These GW sources are the evolutionary products of primordial binaries that experienced many processes of binary interaction. We employ a binary population synthesis method to investigate the properties of Galactic NSWD binaries detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). In this paper, only the NSWD systems with a COWD or ONeWD component are included. We consider various models related to mass-transfer efficiencies during primordial binary evolution, supernova explosion mechanisms at NS formation, common envelope ejection efficiencies, and critical WD masses that determine the stability of mass transfer between WDs and NSs. Based on our calculations, we estimate that tens to hundreds of LISA NSWD binaries exist in the Milky Way. We find that the detection of LISA NSWD binaries is able to provide profound insights into mass-transfer efficiencies during the evolution of primordial binaries and critical WD masses during mass transfer from a WD to an NS.
Cyclic variations of the structure and energetics of solar magnetic fields
Authors: Obridko V N , Shibalova A S , Sokoloff D D 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The solar cycle is a complex phenomenon, a comprehensive understanding of which requires the study of various tracers. Here, we consider the solar cycle as manifested in the harmonics of the solar large-scale surface magnetic field, including zonal, sectorial, and tesseral harmonics, divided into odd and even relative to the solar equator. In addition to considering the amplitudes of the harmonics, we analyse their contribution to the magnetic energy. It turns out that the relative contribution of different types of harmonics to the magnetic energy is virtually independent of the cycle height. We identify different phases of the activity cycle using harmonics of different symmetries. A possible way to incorporate the obtained result into the solar dynamo theory is proposed.
Obscured star formation in clusters at z = 1.6–2.0: massive galaxy formation and the reversal of the star formation–density relation
Authors: Smail Ian 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Clusters of galaxies at z $\mathrel {\gtrsim }$ 1 are expected to be increasingly active sites of star formation. To test this, an 850 $\mu$m survey was undertaken of eight clusters at z = 1.6–2.0 using SCUBA-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Mid-infrared properties were used to identify 53 probable counterparts to 45 SCUBA-2 sources with colours that suggested they were cluster members. This uncovered a modest overdensity of 850 $\mu$m sources, with far-infrared luminosities of LIR ≥ 1012 L⊙ (SFR $\mathrel {\gtrsim }$ 100 M⊙ yr−1) and colours consistent with being cluster members, of a factor of 4 ± 1 within the central 1 Mpc radius of the clusters. The submillimetre photometry of these galaxies was used to estimate the total cluster star formation rates. These showed that the mass-normalized rates in the clusters are two orders of magnitude higher than in local systems, evolving as (1 + z)5.5 ± 0.6. This rapid evolution means that the mass-normalized star formation rates in these clusters matched that of average haloes in the field at z ∼ 1.8 ± 0.2 marking the epoch where the local star formation–density relation reverses in massive haloes. The estimated stellar masses of the cluster submillimetre galaxies suggests that their descendants will be amongst the most massive galaxies in z ∼ 0 clusters. This reinforces the suggestion that the majority of the massive early-type galaxy population in z ∼ 0 clusters were likely to have formed at z $\mathrel {\gtrsim }$ 1.5–2 through very active, but dust-obscured, starburst events.
The decline in cellular iron is crucial for differentiation in keratinocytes
Authors: Abe Junya , Aono Yuichi , Hirai Yohei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Iron is a vital metal for most biological functions in tissues, and its concentration is exquisitely regulated at the cellular level. During the process of differentiation, keratinocytes in the epidermis undergo a noticeable reduction in iron content. Conversely, psoriatic lesions, characterized by disruptions in epidermal differentiation, frequently reveal an excessive accumulation of iron within keratinocytes that have undergone differentiation. In this study, we clarified the significance of attenuated cellular iron content in the intricate course of epidermal differentiation. We illustrated this phenomenon through the utilization of hinokitiol, an iron chelator derived from the heartwood of Taiwanese hinoki, which forcibly delivers iron into cells independent of the intrinsic iron-regulation systems. While primary cultured keratinocytes readily succumbed to necrotic cell death by this iron chelator, mild administration of the hinokitiol-iron complex modestly disrupts the process of differentiation in these cells. Notably, keratinocyte model cells HaCaT and anaplastic skin rudiments exhibit remarkable resilience against the cytotoxic impact of hinokitiol, and the potent artificial influx of iron explains a suppressive effect selectively on epidermal differentiation. Moreover, the augmentation of iron content induced by the overexpression of divalent metal transporter 1 culminates in the inhibition of differentiation in HaCaT cells. Consequently, the diminution in cellular iron content emerges as an important determinant influencing the trajectory of keratinocyte differentiation.
Blastocrithidia nonstop mitochondrial genome and its expression are remarkably insulated from nuclear codon reassignment
Authors: Afonin Dmitry A , Gerasimov Evgeny S , Škodová-Sveráková Ingrid , Záhonová Kristína , Gahura Ondřej , Albanaz Amanda T S , Myšková Eva , Bykova Anastassia , Paris Zdeněk , Lukeš Julius , Opperdoes Fred R , Horváth Anton , Zimmer Sara L , Yurchenko Vyacheslav 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The canonical stop codons of the nuclear genome of the trypanosomatid Blastocrithidia nonstop are recoded. Here, we investigated the effect of this recoding on the mitochondrial genome and gene expression. Trypanosomatids possess a single mitochondrion and protein-coding transcripts of this genome require RNA editing in order to generate open reading frames of many transcripts encoded as ‘cryptogenes’. Small RNAs that can number in the hundreds direct editing and produce a mitochondrial transcriptome of unusual complexity. We find B. nonstop to have a typical trypanosomatid mitochondrial genetic code, which presumably requires the mitochondrion to disable utilization of the two nucleus-encoded suppressor tRNAs, which appear to be imported into the organelle. Alterations of the protein factors responsible for mRNA editing were also documented, but they have likely originated from sources other than B. nonstop nuclear genome recoding. The population of guide RNAs directing editing is minimal, yet virtually all genes for the plethora of known editing factors are still present. Most intriguingly, despite lacking complex I cryptogene guide RNAs, these cryptogene transcripts are stochastically edited to high levels.
Determinant of m6A regional preference by transcriptional dynamics
Authors: Wang Yalan , Wang Shen , Meng Zhen , Liu Xiao-Min , Mao Yuanhui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant chemical modification occurring on eukaryotic mRNAs, and has been reported to be involved in almost all stages of mRNA metabolism. The distribution of m6A sites is notably asymmetric along mRNAs, with a strong preference toward the 3′ terminus of the transcript. How m6A regional preference is shaped remains incompletely understood. In this study, by performing m6A-seq on chromatin-associated RNAs, we found that m6A regional preference arises during transcription. Nucleosome occupancy is remarkedly increased in the region downstream of m6A sites, suggesting an intricate interplay between m6A methylation and nucleosome-mediated transcriptional dynamics. Notably, we found a remarkable slowdown of Pol-II movement around m6A sites. In addition, inhibiting Pol-II movement increases nearby m6A methylation levels. By analyzing massively parallel assays for m6A, we found that RNA secondary structures inhibit m6A methylation. Remarkably, the m6A sites associated with Pol-II pausing tend to be embedded within RNA secondary structures. These results suggest that Pol-II pausing could affect the accessibility of m6A motifs to the methyltransferase complex and subsequent m6A methylation by mediating RNA secondary structure. Overall, our study reveals a crucial role of transcriptional dynamics in the formation of m6A regional preference.
How tool combinations in different pipeline versions affect the outcome in RNA-seq analysis
Authors: Perelo Louisa Wessels , Gabernet Gisela , Straub Daniel , Nahnsen Sven 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Data analysis tools are continuously changed and improved over time. In order to test how these changes influence the comparability between analyses, the output of different workflow options of the nf-core/rnaseq pipeline were compared. Five different pipeline settings (STAR+Salmon, STAR+RSEM, STAR+featureCounts, HISAT2+featureCounts, pseudoaligner Salmon) were run on three datasets (human, Arabidopsis, zebrafish) containing spike-ins of the External RNA Control Consortium (ERCC). Fold change ratios and differential expression of genes and spike-ins were used for comparative analyses of the different tools and versions settings of the pipeline. An overlap of 85% for differential gene classification between pipelines could be shown. Genes interpreted with a bias were mostly those present at lower concentration. Also, the number of isoforms and exons per gene were determinants. Previous pipeline versions using featureCounts showed a higher sensitivity to detect one-isoform genes like ERCC. To ensure data comparability in long-term analysis series it would be recommendable to either stay with the pipeline version the series was initialized with or to run both versions during a transition time in order to ensure that the target genes are addressed the same way.
The ATIPAN project: a community-based digital health strategy toward UHC
Authors: Zamora Pia Regina Fatima C , Celeste Jimuel , Rivera Roselle Leah , Petrola John Paul , Aguila Raphael Nelo , Ledesma Jake , Ermoso Miles Kaye , de Castro Romulo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The ATIPAN Project is a digital strategy aimed toward providing health services to marginalized and vulnerable communities in Western Visayas, Philippines. This paper presents the implementation of its telemedicine component in 10 partner communities, output and potential utilization in realizing Universal Health Care (UHC), and moving-forward strategies for sustainability. It also describes the hindrances and corresponding solutions identified during the 2-year project implementation. While regional in nature, the adoption of the ATIPAN model for the UHC implementation all over the Philippines could ensure health care delivery in marginalized and underserved areas.
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers from South Africa
Authors: Mbotwe-Sibanda Sthembile , Kwatra Gaurav , Madhi Shabir A , Nunes Marta C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Health care workers (HCWs) are primary health providers therefore ensuring their protection and recovery from Covid-19 is of high interest. We investigated post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in HCWs who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 68 HCWs were classified as PASC according to duration of persisting symptoms. The 68 HCWs with PASC were split into two groups according to the mean duration of their symptoms, which were (8 PASC) 122 and (60 PASC) 641 days. The frequencies of common symptoms reported by HWCs with PASC were continuous headaches (45), mild cough (41), fatigue (37), myalgia (25) and shortness of breath (14). When using the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale to examine the degree of breathlessness in relations to activity we found that 4 reported having difficulty breathing after strenuous exercise, 19 were identified with shortness of breath when walking fast or when walking up a slight hill, 2 reported walking slower than most people on level or stopping after 15 minutes walking at own pace, 1 reported stopping to breath after walking 91 meters, or after a few minutes on level ground and 1 reported being too breathless to leave the house, or breathless when dressing/undressing. Our results highlight concern for HCWs with long-term persisting symptoms which may negatively impact their health this represents an emerging public health priority. HCWs with prolonged Covid-19 symptoms especially breathing difficulties need better diagnostic tests and treatments.
Schistosoma mansoni infection induces hepatic metallothionein and S100 protein expression alongside metabolic dysfunction in hamsters
Authors: Ghezellou Parviz , von Bülow Verena , Luh David , Badin Elisa , Albuquerque Wendell , Roderfeld Martin , Roeb Elke , Grevelding Christoph G , Spengler Bernhard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a widespread neglected tropical disease, presents a complex and multifaceted clinical-pathological profile. Using hamsters as final hosts, we dissected molecular events following Schistosoma mansoni infection in the liver—the organ most severely affected in schistosomiasis patients. Employing tandem mass tag–based proteomics, we studied alterations in the liver proteins in response to various infection modes and genders. We examined livers from female and male hamsters that were: noninfected (control), infected with either unisexual S. mansoni cercariae (single-sex) or both sexes (bisex). The infection induced up-regulation of proteins associated with immune response, cytoskeletal reorganization, and apoptotic signaling. Notably, S. mansoni egg deposition led to the down-regulation of liver factors linked to energy supply and metabolic processes. Gender-specific responses were observed, with male hamsters showing higher susceptibility, supported by more differentially expressed proteins than found in females. Of note, metallothionein-2 and S100a6 proteins exhibited substantial up-regulation in livers of both genders, suggesting their pivotal roles in the liver's injury response. Immunohistochemistry and real-time-qPCR confirmed strong up-regulation of metallothionein-2 expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus upon the infection. Similar findings were seen for S100a6, which localized around granulomas and portal tracts. We also observed perturbations in metabolic pathways, including down-regulation of enzymes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation, cellular energy metabolism, and lipid modulation. Furthermore, lipidomic analyses through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging identified extensive alterations, notably in cardiolipin and triacylglycerols, suggesting specific roles of lipids during pathogenesis. These findings provide unprecedented insights into the hepatic response to S. mansoni infection, shedding light on the complexity of liver pathology in this disease.
Thermodynamic Topology of Black Holes in f(R) Gravity
Authors: Hazarika Bidyut , Phukon Prabwal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, we study the thermodynamic topology of a static, a charged static, and a charged rotating black hole in f(R) gravity. For charged static black holes, we work in two different ensembles: the fixed charge (q) ensemble and fixed potential (ϕ) ensemble. For charged rotating black holes, four different types of ensembles are considered: fixed (q, J), fixed (ϕ, J), fixed (q, Ω), and fixed (ϕ, Ω) ensemble, where J and Ω denote the angular momentum and the angular frequency, respectively. Using the generalized off-shell free energy method, where the black holes are treated as topological defects in their thermodynamic spaces, we investigate the local and global topologies of these black holes via the computation of winding numbers at these defects. For the static black hole we work in three models. We find that the topological charge for a static black hole is always −1 regardless of the values of the thermodynamic parameters and the choice of f(R) model. For a charged static black hole, in the fixed charge ensemble, the topological charge is found to be zero. Contrastingly, in the fixed ϕ ensemble, the topological charge is found to be −1. For charged static black holes, in both the ensembles, the topological charge is observed to be independent of the thermodynamic parameters. For charged rotating black holes, in the fixed (q, J) ensemble, the topological charge is found to be 1. In the fixed (ϕ, J) ensemble, we find the topological charge to be 1. In the case of the fixed (q, Ω) ensemble, the topological charge is 1 or 0 depending on the value of the scalar curvature (R). In the fixed (Ω, ϕ) ensemble, the topological charge is −1, 0, or 1 depending on the values of R, Ω, and ϕ. Therefore, we conclude that the thermodynamic topologies of the charged static black hole and charged rotating black hole are influenced by the choice of ensemble. In addition, the thermodynamic topology of the charged rotating black hole also depends on the thermodynamic parameters.
Feeling disadvantaged? Type of employment contract and political attitudes
Authors: Gatskova Kseniia , Pilc Michał , Beręsewicz Maciej 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We tested the theory of relative deprivation in the context of the Polish labour market during the post-crisis period from 2009 to 2015. This period witnessed the highest incidence of temporary contracts in the European Union, providing novel evidence on the causal relationship between the type of employment contract and political attitudes. Our findings suggest that temporary workers are more supportive of income redistribution but less supportive of democracy. Additionally, a shift from permanent to temporary contracts among prime-aged employees leads to a decrease in their support for democracy. Although this effect is modest in magnitude, the article points to an important mechanism influencing shifts in political attitudes. Our findings suggest that the effect of temporary employment on political attitudes is more pronounced among socio-demographic groups less accustomed to unstable employment.