bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE HUMAN NEONATAL CIRCULATION
Authors: WALLGREN GöRAN , LIND JOHN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwelve newborn infants, 1 1/2 to 58 hours old have been investigated with respect to the consequences of graded hemorrhage on peripheral circulation and plasma volume. It has been demonstrated that the newborn infant responds to a hypovolemia corresponding to 15 per cent of predicted total blood volume with a twofold increase of resistance to blood flow in the calf. Peripheral vasomotor tone is adequately controlling the systemic blood pressure by decreasing perfusion of the vascular compartments in the calf muscle, whereas no indications of a change in the cutaneous blood flow occurred. A rapid decrease of the arterial hematocrit reflects efforts to restore the plasma volume.
WISKOTT‐ALDRICH SYNDROME A Study of 6 Cases with Determination of the Immunoglobulins A, D, G, M and ND
Authors: Berglund G. , Finnström O. , Johansson S. G. O. , Möller K. L. 
Published: January 2008

SummarySix cases with Aldrich syndrome are presented, one of them splenectomized at the age of 3, died at the age of 6 years of adrenal haemorrhage. Another patient died at the age of 6 years of pneumonia with empyema and meningitis. The other 4 patients (1/2–6 years) are alive in a fairly good condition. Bleeding tendency dominates the symptoms in 2 cases, in the other 2, susceptibility to infections and/or eczema are the main symptoms. The bleeding tendency does not seem to be correlated to the number of platelets.Immunological studies in 5 of the patients have revealed a normal or high content of IgG in 4 of 5 cases and an increase of IgA in all. In 3 of 4 investigated patients elevated concentrations were demonstrated of a new immunoglobulin class, IgND. The immune response is changed; antibody production by vaccinations against viral diseases was poor, tuberculin reactions after BCG vaccination were negative, the pharyngeal lymphoid tissue was absent, and in 4 of the 5 investigated cases low titers of isoagglutinins were demonstrated.
A TECHNIQUE FOR THE ENZYMATIC DIAGNOSIS OF GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE ON VERY SMALL TISSUE SPECIMENS
Authors: öckerman P. A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe difficulties to obtain an exact diagnosis in cases of glycogen storage disease are mentioned. New diagnostic methods, utilizing blood cells, have not allowed settling a definite diagnosis in all cases. Analyses on liver tissue, consequently, are still needed in many cases. However, the methods up to now used for obtaining a piece of liver tissue (surgery or large‐diameter needle‐biopsy) involve dangers to the patient. Because of this, a less risky biopsy procedure, such as can be performed with a fine‐needle, was thought preferable.To be able to utilize very small amounts of liver tissue, as obtainable with a fine‐needle, for the diagnosis of glycogen storage disease, methods were worked out, allowing the analysis of glucose‐6‐phosphatase, phosphorylase, amylo‐1,6‐glucosidase, α‐glucosidase, glycogen and protein on 0.5‐2 mg fragments of liver tissue. The metnods involved incubation of very small volumes, assay of phosphorus by a newly described, highly sensitive method and of glucose by the hexokinase‐glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase method with fluorimetric measurement of the NADPH. Protein and glycogen could be assayed in a more conventional way. The stability of the enzyme activities and the precision of the methods is discussed.Results on liver biopsy specimens from seven controls and on biopsy and autopsy specimens from liver in eight cases of four different types of glycogen storage disease are given and compared to the results on these specimens with earlier described methods.
FATAL GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE
Authors: Andersen Vagn , Koch Christian , Vejlsgaard René , Wilken‐Jensen Knud 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo brothers with Fatal granulomatous disease of childhood (FGD) are presented. Both patients exhibited pronounced food allergy. Otherwise, the course of the disease was typical of FGD. From infancy recurrent infections, notably suppurative lymphadenitis, and a fatal outcome before puberty.Microscopic examination of affected organs revealed granulomas with tuberculoid structure; the macrophages contained a characteristic yellow‐brown lipid pigment.A defective function of the neutrophil granulocytes has been demonstrated in FGD. The phagocytic capacity is intact but phagocytized bacteria are not killed since phagocytosis does not induce liberation of catabolic enzymes from the neutrophil granules. In one of our patients, defective degranulation and vacuolization of the cytoplasm of neutrophils was demonstrated in vitro following phagocytosis of staphylococci. However, exposure to sodium fluoride or kleb‐siella toxin did induce degranulation and vacuolization of the defective granulocytes.
The Development of Children in a Swedish Urban Community. A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: KARLBERG PETTER , KLACKENBERG GUNNAR , KLACKENBERG‐LARSSON INGRID , LICHTENSTEIN HENRIK , STENSSON JAN , SVENNBERG INGA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe first Swedish prospective, longitudinal investigation into the development of children in a Swedish urban community‐is presented. Its aims, design and recruiting procedure are described, and the representativeness of the material obtained is discussed. The investigation forms a link in an internationally coordinated study.
The Development of Children in a Swedish Urban Community. A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: KLACKENBERG G. , KLACKENBERG‐LARSSON I. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryData on breast‐feeding, weaning, and the practice of giving night‐meals, collected in the prospective longitudinal growth‐study presented earlier, have been analysed for their association with various social and family factors and personality variables in the mothers. The following statistically significant relationships were found: 1. Boys are breast‐fed longer than girls. 2. Mothers in the higher age‐group (26 and over) continue breast‐feeding longer than do younger mothers (under 26). 3. Mothers of the highest social class (Graffar I+ 11) continue breast‐feeding longer than do mothers in the intermediate (Graffar III) and the lowest (Graffar IV+ V) social classes. 4. Mothers with higher education continue breast‐feeding longer than do mothers with only elementary school education. 5. In the lowest social class, mothers who live in old‐fashioned houses stop breast‐feeding earlier than do mothers living in modern houses. 6. Some personality traits of the mother are more often than others associated with long‐continued breastfeeding.No statistical relationships were demonstrated between the duration of breast feeding and overcrowding or the child's successional number in the family.The reasons for weaning were analysed. “No or insufficient milk” was the most common reason given by mothers who weaned their babies before 6 months. Gainful employment was of very little importance as a reason for weaning.The mothers' attitudes towards breastfeeding in the child's first and third months of life were generally positive. The duration of breast‐feeding cannot be predicted from the attitude declared by the mothers.The frequency of night‐feeding on the return home from the maternity hospital was 85% and at 3 months 25%. The boys received night‐meals for a significantly longer period than did the girls. The mother's age, the child's successional number in the family, social class, the duration of breast‐feeding and the mother's attitude to breast‐feeding showed no association with the continuation of night‐feeding.
LATE INFANTILE PROGRESSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY WITH DISTURBED POLYUNSATURATED FAT METABOLISM
Authors: Hagberg Bengt , Sourander Patrick , Svennerholm Lars 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case report is presented of a 6‐year‐old girl with a severe progressive encephalopathy of late infantile onset and with changes indicating marked disturbances in the metabolism of linolenic acid.
NONSPHEROCYTIC HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA AND SEVERE JAUNDICE IN A NEWBORN WITH PARTIAL PYRUVATE KINASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Volpato S. , Vigi V. , Cattarozzi G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryWe present a case of familial non spherocytic haemolytic anaemia which began with a severe neonatal jaundice (I. B. 28 mg/100 ml). The propositus presented a partial PK deficiency, which was also present in the father but not in the mother.We were able to exclude other conditions which can be responsible for haemolytic anaemia, and neonatal jaundice.The hypothesis that also a partial PK deficiency can, in particular conditions, be responsible for a severe haemolytic process, is suggested.
ENDOGENOUS FORMATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE IN NEWBORN INFANTS:IV. On the Relation between the Blood Carboxyhaemoglobin Concentration and the Pulmonary Elimination of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Fällström S. P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA procedure for the determination of the pulmonary elimination of carbon monoxide in newborn infants has been described. Quantitative collection of the expired air was accomplished with the aid of an open circuit breathing system. The low CO concentrations in room air and the collected air were measured in a Hopcalite CO meter.Simultaneous determinations of the blood carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) concentration and the pulmonary elimination of carbon monoxide were performed on 15 full‐term newborns without blood group incompatibility and known haemolytic disease, on 10 infants with jaundice and ABO incompatibility and on 18 infants with Rh haemolytic disease. In all infants the birth weight exceeded 2500 g and none of the infants displayed any clinical signs of respiratory disease.In all groups a significant positive correlation was found between the pulmonary CO elimination and the COHb concentration. The results indicate that in full term newborn infants, the pulmonary CO elimination is efficient from the first day of life even in the presence of haemolytic disease and anaemia. The increased COHb concentrations found in these groups of newborns can thus not be explained by CO retention but should reflect an increased haemoglobin catabolism.
Energy requirements of school children with cerebral palsy as determined from indirect calorimetry
Authors: BERG KRISTINA , OLSSON TORSTEN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFour subjects with severe cerebral palsy were studied with heart rate telemetry and intermittent sampling of expired air gas analysis, while they permed their habitual activities.each subject, a significant relation between oxygen uptake and heart rate was found. On the basis of the heart rate recordings and the time spent on various daily activities, a mean heart rate was found each subject. The corresponding mean daily oxygen uptake was read from this line.The four individual lines of the correlation between oxygen uptake and heart rate differed significantly from each other with respect to the slope. Three of 4 lines crossed over at a heart rate of about 75 beats per minute and oxygen uptake of 11.5 ml per minute and kg body cell mass. This was regarded as a “basal” point, representing the basal cellular need in a thermoneutral environment.This “basal” point was used för calculation of energy expenditure in a less extensive study of 6 subjects. In these children, only one or two air analyses at a known heart rate were perförmed. This determination, or the average of two determinations, was connected with the “basal” point. The individual line was then used to determine the mean daily oxygen uptake.The mean daily energy expenditure found the ten subjects agreed well with the energy intake from dietary recordings, on the one hand, and body fat amounts, on the other.
Transthoracic Impedance: II. Experimental Evaluation of the Method in the Cat
Authors: KJELLMER INGEMAR , OLSSON TORSTEN , VICTORIN LARS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe assumption that measurement of the transthoracic impedance can be used to assess variations of the airlblood volumes in the lungs has been tested.In cats transthoracic impedance, lung blood volume and lung air volume were recorded separately and the blood and air volumes varied independently. The results show that the trans‐thoracic impedance sensitively detects changes in the ratio between lung air and lung blood volumes. It is further indicated that impedance measurements can be used for evaluation of the magnitude of changes in this ratio.
INTENSIVE CARE OF SMALL PREMATURE INFANTS: I. Clinical findings and results of treatment
Authors: VAPAAVUORI EERO K. , RÄIHÄ NIELS C. R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryClinical findings and results of treatment in a series of 49 premature infants with birth weights between 850 and 1250 g are presented.The “intensive care” included nursing in incubators with high environmental humidity maintaining skin temperature at 36.5°C, umbilical catheterisation (both arterial and venous), intravenous glucose infusions, correction of metabolic acidosis by rapid sodium bicarbonate infusions, oxygen therapy and finally endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.The series was divided into 3 categories according to the severity of respiratory symptoms. There was only one survivor out of 12 cases in the category of severe RD, whereas 14 of 21 with moderate RD and 9 of 16 with slight or no RD survived. The overall survival rate was 45%. The correlation between clinical findings, arterial blood gases and pH, chest X‐rays, response to treatment and outcome in each of the 3 categories is discussed. The preliminary data from our follow‐up studies indicate that there are only a few cases showing signs of permanent brain injury at the age of two years.
THE USE OF AZATHIOPRINE IN REFRACTORY IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA IN CHILDREN
Authors: HILGARTNER MARGARET W. , LANZKOWSKY PHILIP , SMITH CARL H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFive children with refractory ITP were treated with azathioprine for 8‐27 months. An excellent response was obtained in 3 of the 5 patients, a good response in a fourth. In two presplenectomy cases the result was obtained using azathioprine alone and two post‐splenectomy cases required low dose steroids in addition to azathioprine. One pre‐splenectomy patient failed to respond to the drug alone or in combination with steroids but responded well to splenectomy. A review of the cases in the literature and the experience presented here suggests that azathioprine has a definite role in the therapy of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood.
THE DECREASE IN THE SERUM BILIRUBIN LEVEL IN PREMATURE INFANTS BY OROTIC ACID
Authors: KINTZEL H.‐W. , HINKEL G. K. , SCHWARZE R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe influence of higher doses of orotic acid on the serum bilirubin level of premature infants was investigated following studies with a lower dose. 102 premature infants were treated with a daily dose of 300 mg of orotic acid from the 1st‐6th day after birth. An equal number of children served as a control group. The serum level for the indirect bilirubin that was analysed from the 3rd‐6th day of life could be statistical significantly decreased by the administration of orotic acid. Blood exchange transfusions were necessary only four times with the administration of orotic acid, whereas blood exchange transfusions were required in 30 premature infants of the control group. The question of eventual side effects and the supposed mode of action of the orotic acid are discussed.
ARTERIAL ANOMALIES CAUSING COMPRESSION OF THE TRACHEA AND/OR THE OESOPHAGUS
Authors: EKLÖF O. , EKSTRÖM G. , ERIKSSON B. O. , MICHAELSSON M. , STEPHENSEN O. , SÖDERLUND S. , THORÉN C. , WALLGREN G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe experiences of diagnosis and treatment of arterial anomalies causing compression of the trachea and/or the oesophagus in 30 symptomatic cases are reported. The main diagnostic aid is the radiological examination of the chest in the anterior‐posterior and lateral projection including adequate contrast filling of the oesophagus. This investigation, using water‐soluble contrast media, should be performed in infants with stridor and other respiratory difficulties and in dysphagia. With improved surgical technique and postoperative care the operative risk of today is low and surgery should be seriously considered in symptomatic cases. Operation may be necessary as an emergency treatment.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COPROANTIBODIES TO COW'S MILK PROTEINS
Authors: KLETTER B. , FREIER S. , VIES A. MICHAEL DA , GERY I. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn attempt has been made to delineate further the significance of milk coproantibodies. The presence of precipitating and of high levels of hemagglutinating antibodies in feces was found only in patients with milk sensitivity or celiac disease. These cases showed also high levels of serum antibodies to milk. In mongolism and dysautonomia no abnormal titers of coproantibodies were found, in spite of strong reactions in the sera.Antibodies to milk were found by radio‐im‐munoelectrophoresis to consist mainly of immunoglobulin A in feces and immunoglobulin G in serum. Serum milk antibodies of the IgA type were found only in patients with milk sensitivity or celiac disease.
EPIDIDYMITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: HAAHR J. , SPARREVOHN S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe case histories of six children with epididymitis are submitted. In 2 cases the epididymitis formed part of Schonlein‐Henoch's purpura and microscopy of biopsies from the epididymis showed changes characteristic of the latter disease. In 1 case the epididymitis was of suppurative nature and in 1 case it represented a complication following orchiopexy. In the remaining 2 cases, the aetiology of the disease remained obscure.Infection of the urinary tract was not observed in any of the cases and the urinary tract was normal in all except one in whom double anal‐age of one of the kidneys was demonstrable. Three of the patients, including the two with Schonlein‐Henoch's purpura, had thrombocytosis. The aetiology and the differential diagnoses are briefly discussed. It is emphasized that the suspicion primarily should be focussed on torsion of the testis or incarcerated hernia whenever a boy is found to have a tender and swollen scrotum; it is emphasized also that the two latter diagnoses as a rule can be excluded by operation.
A CONTROLLED TRIAL ON THERAPY FOR NEWBORNS WEIGHING 750‐1 250 g
Authors: MENDICINI M. , SCALAMANDRÉ A. , SAVIGNONI P. G. , PICECE‐BUCCI S. , ESUPERANZI R. , BUCCI G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA controlled therapeutic trial was performed in newborns with birthweight of 750‐1 250 g. 40 infants (the “treatment” group) received an i.v. infusion with glucose and NaHCO3 from the 1st to the 4th‐7th day of life, and increasing amounts of human milk from the 2nd day of life. They also received, during the newborn period, 3 antibiotics (sodium penicillin G 500 000 U + methicillin 100 mg + colistin sulf. 8 mg per kg/day), a gamma globulin preparation (0.5 ml/day for 3 days) and fresh human plasma (3 ml every 2nd day in the first 5 days of birth). 40 infants (the “control” group) received only oral feeding with 10% glucose and human milk, starting in the 2nd day of life, and i.m. kanamycin (20 mg/kg/day for 5 days).No difference between treated and control babies was observed with respect to the following findings: neonatal mortality rate and survival curve on the whole series; neonatal mortality rate in babies with birthweight above or below 1.04 kg, with gestational age below 28 weeks, with above or below median respiratory rate or arterial pH on admission, with or without marked abnormality on chest film, and in males or females (but, in subjects with gestational age above 27 weeks, a significantly lower mortality rate was found in controls); postmortem findings; incidence of apnoeic spells, tremors and cloni, and pattern of muscular tonus. Bradycardia associated with 2: 1 atrioventricular block was observed in 6 controls in the 2nd day of birth. No adverse effects presumably due to the therapeutic procedures so contrasted were demonstrated.It was concluded that in the present series of newborns with very low weight: (a) the massive anti‐infectious therapy was not superior to the administration of a single broadspectrum antibiotic; (b) the administration of fresh human plasma was not effective in preventing hemorrhage (but further evaluation is needed); (c) the routine i.v. infusion with glucose and NaHCO3 did not improve neonatal survival as compared with oral feeding.However, previous studies, as well as observations on the present series reported elsewhere (11), have shown that several biochemical abnormalities commonly seen in orally fed newborns with very low weight can be prevented or corrected, at least in part, by the early infusion with glucose and NaHCO3. Since some of these abnormalities are potentially dangerous to the central nervous system, the final evaluation of this therapy must await long‐term follow‐up studies in survivors. It is therefore suggested that, before such studies are available, the early i.v. infusion with glucose and NaHCO3 should be given routinely to newborns with very low weight.
DERMATOGLYPHICS AND THE SIMIAN CREASE IN INFANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: DAR H. , CARNEY F. E. , WINTER S. T. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDermatoglyphic features and simian crease incidence were studied in 73 neonates with a birth‐weight under 2 000 g. There was a higher frequency of simian crease, typical and transitional types, as compared with two control groups of 100 normal neonates and 929 school‐children. There was no significant difference in the incidence of dermatoglyphic features between the low birth weight and the control neonates.
MALNUTRITION AND SIZE OF THE CEREBRAL VENTRICLES1
Authors: VAHLQUIST B. , ENGSNER G. , SJÖGREN IRÉNE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryExamination of the size of the cerebral ventricles by means of echoencephalography in Ethiopian infants and young children with severe malnutrition showed a moderate but significant increase in children with kwashiorkor, examined up to 3–4 weeks after admission, whereas children with marasmus showed no deviation from the normal.Further studies will show whether or not this abnormality in the kwashiorkor children is a transient phenomenon. The observation gives one more reason for caution in using head circumference as a measure of brain size.
CONCENTRATION OF PURINE NUCLEOTIDES IN ERYTHROCYTES OF PATIENTS WITH THE LESCH‐NYHAN SYNDROME BEFORE AND DURING ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ADENINE
Authors: LOMMEN E. J. P. , VOGELS G. D. , ZEE S. P. M. VAN DER , TRIJBELS J. M. F. , SCHRETLEN E. D. A. M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThis paper presents the results of an investigation on the concentration of purine nucleotides in erythrocytes of two children with the Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome before and during oral adenine administration. The nucleotides AMP, ADP, ATP and GTP could be calculated. Before administration the patients showed a decreased concentration of the three adenine nucleotides expressed as pinoles per litre of free cell water. The concentration of GTP was found to be normal. After oral adenine administration, adenine nucleotides were found to be normal and GTP showed a slight increase. Some suppositions about the mechanism of increased purine synthesis de novo in patients with the Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome have been discussed.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CHILD HEALTH AND NUTRITION IN A NORTHERN SWEDISH COUNTY
Authors: SAMUELSON GÖSTA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe health and nutritional status of 1 401 children aged 4, 8 and 13 years in one urban area and two rural areas of a northern Swedish county were studied.In none of the age groups was there any undernutrition. Anthropometrical measurements reflected the good nutritional status, with height and weight generally conforming to current values of a Swedish urban population. The girls had significantly thicker skinfolds than the boys. The children in the city of Umea had thicker skinfolds than the children in the mountain foreland and were also significantly taller.There was a rather high frequency of subclinical upper respiratory infections among the children, especially among the 4‐year‐olds.