bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of thyroid function with arterial pressure in normotensive and hypertensive euthyroid individuals: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Saltiki Katerina , Voidonikola Paraskevi , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Mantzou Emily , Papamichael Christos , Alevizaki Maria 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Background
Overt hypothyroidism has been associated with arterial hypertension and increased arterial stiffness. Results in euthyroid individuals have been conflicting. We investigated associations of thyroid function with systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressure in euthyroid subjects.

Methods
311 euthyroid individuals (185 women, mean age 43.9 ± 9) without a history of diabetes attending a preventive medicine program were examined. Subjects receiving thyroxine (10.6%) were excluded; 19.3% had hypertension, 43% had a family history for hypertension. TSH, fT4, thyroid autoantibodies, insulin, glucose were measured. The "fT4.TSH product", which has been suggested as a T4 resistance-index, was calculated.

Results
TSH range was 0.1–8, median 1.4 mU/L, fT4 range was 11.5–25.2 pmol/L, median 17.4. TSH and the "fT4.TSH product" were positively associated with DAP (p < 0.03, for both associations). In the subgroup of individuals with TSH levels 0.36–2.5 mU/L, both TSH and the "fT4.TSH product" were positively correlated with SAP (r = +0.133 p = 0.044, r = +0.152 p = 0.026) and DAP (r = +0.243 p < 0.001, r = +0.252 p < 0.001 respectively); in multivariate analysis the "fT4.TSH product" was a significant predictor of DAP independently of HOMA-IR and BMI (p < 0.001). Similar associations were found when only the non-hypertensive subjects were analysed (p = 0.004). Hypertensive patients had higher TSH levels (p = 0.02) and belonged more frequently to the subgroup with TSH > 2 mU/L (35.3% vs 21.3%, p = 0.045).

Conclusion
In euthyroid individuals the association of thyroid function with diastolic arterial pressure remains significant even when a stricter "normal range" for TSH levels is considered. The "freeT4.TSH" product appears to be an even stronger predictor of DAP, independently of HOMA insulin resistance index and obesity.
Presentation and course of brain metastases from breast cancer in a paranoid-schizophrenic patient: A case report
Authors: Dalhaug Astrid , Pawinski Adam , Norum Jan , Nieder Carsten 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Case presentation
This is an unusual case where a 49-year old female patient with known schizophrenia, paranoid type and a history of early-stage breast cancer, which was treated more than 6 years earlier, attempted suicide. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after this incident revealed the presence of multiple brain metastases as the first symptomatic site of recurrent cancer. Further staging lead to the diagnosis of lung, hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastases and histology confirmed estrogen receptor-positive metastatic cancer. Treatment consisted of whole-brain radiotherapy and letrozole. Twenty-one months later, the patient is in continued partial remission.
Psychiatric outcomes 10 years after treatment with antidepressants or anxiolytics
Authors: Colman Ian , Croudace Tim J. , Wadsworth Michael E. J. , Kuh Diana , Jones Peter B. 
Published: September 2008

BackgroundAntidepressants and anxiolytics have demonstrated short-term efficacy; however, little is known about the long-term effectiveness of these drugs.AimsTo investigate long-term psychiatric outcomes following antidepressant and/or anxiolytic use during an episode of mental disorder in mid-life.MethodMembers of the 1946 British birth cohort were assessed for symptoms of depression and anxiety at age 43. Among 157 with mental disorder, those using antidepressants and/or anxiolytics were compared with those not using medications on psychiatric outcomes at age 53.ResultsUse of antidepressants or anxiolytics was associated with a lower prevalence of mental disorder at age 53 (odds ratio (OR)=0.3, 95% CI 0.1–1.0) after adjustment for eight variables in a propensity-for-treatment analysis. Only 24% of those being treated with medications at age 43 were still using them at 53.ConclusionsUse of antidepressants or anxiolytics during an episode of mental disorder may have long-term beneficial effects on mental health. This may be because of a demonstrated willingness to seek help rather than long-term maintenance therapy.
Extrapyramidal side-effects of antipsychotics in a randomised
trial
Authors: Miller Del D. , Caroff Stanley N. , Davis Sonia M. , Rosenheck Robert A. , McEvoy Joseph P. , Saltz Bruce L. , Riggio Silvana , Chakos Miranda H. , Swartz Marvin S. , Keefe Richard S.E. , Stroup T. Scott , Lieberman Jeffrey A. ,   for the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness
                           (CATIE) Investigators
Published: September 2008

BackgroundThere are claims that second-generation antipsychotics produce fewer
extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) compared with first-generation
drugs.AimsTo compare the incidence of treatment-emergent EPS between
second-generation antipsychotics and perphenazine in people with
schizophrenia.MethodIncidence analyses integrated data from standardised rating scales and
documented use of concomitant medication or treatment discontinuation for
EPS events. Mixed model analyses of change in rating scales from baseline
were also conducted.ResultsThere were no significant differences in incidence or change in rating
scales for parkinsonism, dystonia, akathisia or tardive dyskinesia when
comparing second-generation antipsychotics with perphenazine or comparing
between second-generation antipsychotics. Secondary analyses revealed
greater rates of concomitant antiparkinsonism medication among
individuals on risperidone and lower rates among individuals on
quetiapine, and lower rates of discontinuation because of parkinsonism
among people on quetiapine and ziprasidone. There was a trend for a
greater likelihood of concomitant medication for akathisia among
individuals on risperidone and perphenazine.ConclusionsThe incidence of treatment-emergent EPS and change in EPS ratings
indicated that there are no significant differences between
second-generation antipsychotics and perphenazine or between
second-generation antipsychotics in people with schizophrenia.
Psychiatrists' and nurses' views of mental health nurse supplementary prescribing: a survey
Authors: Tomar Rahul , Jakovljevic Tina , Brimblecombe Neil 
Published: September 2008

Aims and MethodA questionnaire survey of psychiatrists and mental health nurses was conducted to look at their awareness of nurse supplementary prescribing and its impact on patient care.ResultsResponse rate was 49.5% for psychiatrists and 23% for nurses. Most nurses (96.2%) and psychiatrists (91%) were aware of nurse supplementary prescribing, but more nurses than psychiatrists felt that it will provide patients quicker access to medication (P=0.023) and improve patient care (P=0.0003). Although two-thirds of the nurses felt confident to be a nurse prescriber, only 13% had actually approached a psychiatrist to be their supervisor. Most psychiatrists (54.4%) did not feel confident to act as supervisors.Clinical ImplicationsUnlike nurses, psychiatrists were cautious about potential benefits of nurse supplementary prescribing on patient care. Both nurses and psychiatrists expressed concerns. As the expansion of nurse prescribing occurs, it is important for trusts to work actively with nurses and psychiatrists to address these concerns.
Consultant psychiatrists' knowledge of their role as representatives of the responsible authority at mental health review tribunals
Authors: Nimmagadda Srikanth , Jones Christopher N. 
Published: September 2008

Aims and MethodA postal survey of consultant psychiatrists was carried out to assess their level of knowledge about the role of the person representing the responsible authority at a mental health review tribunal (MHRT).ResultsConsultants generally had a low level of knowledge and understanding of their responsibilities as representatives, which increased since appointment and with experience of MHRTs. They thought it appropriate that they continue representing the detaining authority in most cases, but recognised training needs.Clinical ImplicationsPostgraduate training and continuing professional development should address the competencies required for the representative role. Trusts should review their practice in respect of legal representation at MHRTs.
A finite-element analysis study of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux rigidus
Authors: Flavin R. , Halpin T. , O’Sullivan R. , FitzPatrick D. , Ivankovic A. , Stephens M. M. 
Published: September 2008

Hallux rigidus was first described in 1887. Many aetiological factors have been postulated, but none has been supported by scientific evidence. We have examined the static and dynamic imbalances in the first metatarsophalangeal joint which we postulated could be the cause of this condition. We performed a finite-element analysis study on a male subject and calculated a mathematical model of the joint when subjected to both normal and abnormal physiological loads.The results gave statistically significant evidence for an increase in tension of the plantar fascia as the cause of abnormal stress on the articular cartilage rather than mismatch of the articular surfaces or subclinical muscle contractures. Our study indicated a clinical potential cause of hallux rigidus and challenged the many aetiological theories. It could influence the choice of surgical procedure for the treatment of early grades of hallux rigidus.
Proximal femoral geometry in cerebral palsy
Authors: Robin J. , Graham H. Kerr , Selber P. , Dobson F. , Smith K. , Baker R. 
Published: September 2008

There is much debate about the nature and extent of deformities in the proximal femur in children with cerebral palsy. Most authorities accept that increased femoral anteversion is common, but its incidence, severity and clinical significance are less clear. Coxa valga is more controversial and many authorities state that it is a radiological artefact rather than a true deformity. We measured femoral anteversion clinically and the neck-shaft angle radiologically in 292 children with cerebral palsy. This represented 78% of a large, population-based cohort of children with cerebral palsy which included all motor types, topographical distributions and functional levels as determined by the gross motor function classification system. The mean femoral neck anteversion was 36.5° (11° to 67.5°) and the mean neck-shaft angle 147.5° (130° to 178°). These were both increased compared with values in normally developing children. The mean femoral neck anteversion was 30.4° (11° to 50°) at gross motor function classification system level I, 35.5° (8° to 65°) at level II and then plateaued at approximately 40.0° (25° to 67.5°) at levels III, IV and V. The mean neck-shaft angle increased in a step-wise manner from 135.9° (130° to 145°) at gross motor function classification system level I to 163.0° (151° to 178°) at level V. The migration percentage increased in a similar pattern and was closely related to femoral deformity. Based on these findings we believe that displacement of the hip in patients with cerebral palsy can be explained mainly by the abnormal shape of the proximal femur, as a result of delayed walking, limited walking or inability to walk. This has clinical implications for the management of hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy.
The pathophysiology of disc degeneration
Authors: Hadjipavlou A. G. , Tzermiadianos M. N. , Bogduk N. , Zindrick M. R. 
Published: September 2008

The pathophysiology of intervertebral disc degeneration has been extensively studied. Various factors have been suggested as influencing its aetiology, including mechanical factors, such as compressive loading, shear stress and vibration, as well as ageing, genetic, systemic and toxic factors, which can lead to degeneration of the disc through biochemical reactions. How are these factors linked? What is their individual importance? There is no clear evidence indicating whether ageing in the presence of repetitive injury or repetitive injury in the absence of ageing plays a greater role in the degenerative process. Mechanical factors can trigger biochemical reactions which, in turn, may promote the normal biological changes of ageing, which can also be accelerated by genetic factors. Degradation of the molecular structure of the disc during ageing renders it more susceptible to superimposed mechanical injuries. This review supports the theory that degeneration of the disc has a complex multifactorial aetiology. Which factors initiate the events in the degenerative cascade is a question that remains unanswered, but most evidence points to an age-related process influenced primarily by mechanical and genetic factors.
Coagulopathy and inhospital deaths in patients with acute subdural hematoma
Authors: Bershad Eric M. , Farhadi Saeid , Suri M. Fareed K. , Feen Eliahu S. , Hernandez Olga H. , Selman Warren R. , Suarez Jose I. 
Published: September 2008

Object
Acute subdural hematoma (SDH) is one of the most lethal forms of intracranial injury; several risk factors predictive of a worse outcome have been identified. Emerging research suggests that patients with coagulopathy and intracerebral hemorrhage have a worse outcome than patients without coagulopathy but with intracerebral hemorrhage. The authors sought to determine if such a relationship exists for patients with acute SDH.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted to a neurosciences intensive care unit with acute SDH over a 4-year period (January 1997–December 2001). Demographic data, laboratory values, admission source, prior functional status, medical comorbidities, treatments received, and discharge disposition were recorded, as were scores on the Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation III (APACHE III). Coagulopathy was defined as an internal normalized ratio > 1.2 or a prothrombin time ≥12.7 seconds. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on 244 patients to determine factors associated with worse short-term outcomes.

Results
The authors identified 248 patients with acute SDH admitted to the neurointensive care unit during the study period, of which 244 had complete data. Most were male (61%), and the mean age of the study population was 71.3 ± 15 years (range 20–95 years). Fifty-three patients (22%) had coagulopathy. The median APACHE III score was 43 (range 11–119). Twenty-nine patients (12%) died in the hospital. Independent predictors of inhospital death included APACHE III score (odds ratio [OR] 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–13.4, p = 0.011) and coagulopathy (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1–7.1, p = 0.037). Surgical evacuation of acute SDH was associated with reduced inhospital deaths (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.6, p = 0.003).

Conclusions
Coagulopathy is independently associated with inhospital death in patients with acute SDH. Time to treatment to correct coagulopathy using fresh frozen plasma and/or vitamin K was prolonged.
Dosing and safety of cyclosporine in patients with severe brain injury
Authors: Hatton Jimmi , Rosbolt Bonnie , Empey Philip , Kryscio Richard , Young Byron 
Published: September 2008

Object
Cyclosporine neuroprotection has been reported in brain injury models but safety and dosing guidelines have not been determined in humans with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this investigation was to establish the safety of cyclosporine using 4 clinically relevant dosing schemes.

Methods
The authors performed a prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose-escalation trial of cyclosporine administration initiated within 8 hours of TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score range 4–8; motor score range 2–5). Four dosing cohorts (8 patients treated with cyclosporine and 2 receiving placebo treatment per cohort) received cyclosporine (1.25–5 mg/kg/day) or placebo in 2 divided doses (Cohorts I–III) or continuous infusion (Cohort IV) over 72 hours. Adverse events and outcome were monitored for 6 months.

Results
Forty patients were enrolled over 3 years (cyclosporine cohorts, 24 male and 8 female patients; placebo group, 8 male patients). Systemic trough concentrations were below 250 ng/ml during intermittent doses. Higher blood concentrations were observed in Cohorts III and IV. There was no significant difference in immunological effects, adverse events, infection, renal dysfunction, or seizures. Mortality rate was not affected by cyclosporine administration, independent of dose, compared with placebo (6 of 32 patients receiving cyclosporine and 2 of 8 receiving placebo died, p > 0.05). At 6 months, a dose-related improvement in favorable outcome was observed in cyclosporine-treated patients (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
In patients with acute TBI who received cyclosporine at doses up to 5 mg/kg/day, administered intravenously, with treatment initiated within 8 hours of injury, the rate of mortality or other adverse events was not significantly different from that of the placebo group.
Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections: an 18-month prospective survey
Authors: Lietard Claire , Thébaud Véronique , Besson Gérard , Lejeune Benoist 
Published: September 2008

Object
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate and risk factors of surgical site infections (SSIs) in neurosurgery for any type of surgery and any American Society of Anesthesiologists class.

Methods
The authors undertook an exhaustive 18-month prospective survey including patients who underwent neurosurgery. In particular, a 30-day follow-up was completed in patients whose surgery did not involve placement of a prosthesis or implant, and 1-year follow-up was completed for patients who underwent surgery to place a prosthesis or implant. The Centers for Disease Control definition of SSI was used. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted; all dependent variables found in univariate analysis were entered in the multiple regression model. A stepwise multiple logistic regression method was used.

Results
Of the 844 patients studied, 35 SSIs were diagnosed, yielding an incidence rate of 4.1% (95% confidence interval 3.6–4.5). Independent predictive risk factors for infection were cerebrospinal fluid leakage, external shunt, Altemeier class, and further neurosurgery. A lack of antibiotic prophylaxis was not found to be a risk factor.

Conclusions
Infection risk factors occur mainly during the postoperative period.
Generic model for the prediction of remaining shelf life in support of cold chain management in pork and poultry supply chains
Authors: Raab Verena , Bruckner Stefanie , Beierle Eva , Kampmann Yvonne , Petersen Brigitte , Kreyenschmidt Judith 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
An overall concept for a generic model to predict the remaining shelf life of meat in different steps of the supply chain was developed. It consists of three models: a shelf life model, an inter-organisational cold chain model and a temperature mapping model that includes a heat transfer model. In this concept, shelf life is predicted based on the growth of Pseudomonas sp., taking into account organisational structure, inspection scheme, technical circumstances and temperature conditions in different supply chains. Whereas the shelf life model is almost complete, further work is required to develop the two other models.
Catalysis of Intramolecular Morita–Baylis–Hillman and Rauhut–Currier Reactions by Fluorous Phosphines; Facile Recovery by Liquid/Solid Organic/Fluorous Biphase Protocols Involving Precipitation, Teflon® Tape, and Gore‐Rastex® Fiber
Authors: Seidel Florian O. , Gladysz John A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe fluorous phosphine P[(CH2)3Rf8]3 [1, Rf8=(CF2)7CF3; 10 mol%] catalyzes intramolecular Morita–Baylis–Hillman reactions of O=CH(CH2)nCHCH(CO)R [n/R=2/Ph (2a), 2/S‐i‐Pr, 3/p‐tol] in acetonitrile at 60–72 °C. Upon cooling, 1 precipitates and is recycled. The products HOCH(CH2)nCHC(CO)R are isolated from the supernatant (78–96%). The educt i‐PrS(CO)CHCH(CH2)2CHCH(CO)S‐i‐Pr similarly undergoes a Rauhut–Currier reaction to give i‐PrS(CO)CH2CH(CH2)2CHC(CO)S‐i‐Pr (71–73%). In the case of 2a, reactions are also conducted in the presence of Teflon® tape or Gore‐Rastex® fiber. The catalyst now precipitates onto the fluoropolymer support, mechanically facilitating recycling. For each reaction, three to five cycles are conducted. HPLC or GC monitoring of the rates show low activity losses, with Gore‐Rastex® fiber giving better results than Teflon® tape, presumably due to a higher surface area.
Rhodium/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Aryl Arenesulfonates with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wu Jie 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe combination of rhodium(I) and N‐hetercyclic carbenes (NHC) was found to be effective as a catalyst for cross‐coupling reactions of aryl arenesulfonates with arylboronic acids, which gave rise to the desired biaryl compounds in good yields.
The measurement and importance of red cell survival
Authors: Franco Robert S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe measurement of red blood cell survival in the circulation has progressed from the original differential agglutination technique of Ashby to current isotopic and flow cytometric methods. While occasionally useful in the clinic, these methods find widespread use in a number of important research areas, including the evaluation of new red cell storage media in transfusion medicine and studies of the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease and diabetes. In this review, measurement techniques are placed in historical perspective and examined for relative merits and suitable application. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum re: “The DCI‐index: Discounted cumulated impact‐based research evaluation”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(9), 1433‐1440
Authors: Järvelin Kalervo , Persson Olle 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe article by K. Järvelin & O. Persson published in JASIST 59(9), “The DCI‐Index: Discounted Cumulated Impact‐Based Research Evaluation,” (pp. 1433–1440) contains an unfortunate error in one of its formulas, Equation 3. The present paper gives the correction and an example of impact analysis based on the corrected formula.
Echtzeit‐Röntgenuntersuchungen an duktilen stabförmigen Holzverbindungen bei dynamischer Beanspruchung
Authors: Wehsener Jörg , Kasal Bo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDer Beitrag beschreibt die Möglichkeiten von Röntgenuntersuchungen an stabförmigen Holzverbindungsmitteln im beanspruchten Bauteil. Trotz verschiedenartiger Untersuchungsmethoden ist die Bestimmung des tatsächlichen Verhaltens von metallischen Verbindungsmitteln im Holz während der Belastung nicht ausreichend gelöst. Mit Hilfe verschiedener mathematischer Ansätze und der Einbeziehung von Materialkennwerten ist die Modellierung von Holzverbindungen möglich. Die Nutzung von Röntgenstrahlen unter Echtzeitwiedergabe ermöglicht es, das Verformungsverhalten von metallischen Verbindungsmitteln während der Lasteinleitung zu beobachten.Ziel der Versuche war die Bestimmung des Verformungsverhaltens einer Stabdübelverbindung in Echtzeit unter quasistatischer und dynamischer Belastung. Mit der Echtzeit‐radio‐graphischen Messung wurden Versuche am Einzelstabdübel und einer Dübelgruppe durchgeführt. Die beim Versuch genutzte Anlage besteht aus einer mobilen Röntgenröhre und einem Detektor, sowie der dazugehörigen digitalen Bildverarbeitung. Bei maximaler Geschwindigkeit von 30 Bildern in der Sekunde wird eine Grenzwertauflösung von 1,97 lp/mm erreicht. Die Pixelteilung ist mit 127 μm2 durch das Empfängermodul vorgegeben [10]. In Abhängigkeit der gewählten Parameter konnte die Verschiebung um einen Bildpunkt (0,21 mm) verifiziert werden. Eine Überprüfung der gemessenen Verformungen der Stabdübel erfolgte mit Hilfe von direkt aufgebrachten Dehnmessstreifen.