bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All Dressed Up with Nowhere to Go: The Discourse of Ecological Modernization in Alberta, Canada*
Authors: DAVIDSON DEBRA J. , MACKENDRICK NORAH A. 
Published: January 2009

Nous passons en revue la politique intégrée de gestion des ressources de l'Alberta pour mettre en lumière la compétence du gouvernement provincial pour refaçonner de manière discursive la relation entre un développement des ressources naturelles et une protection de l'environnement pour conserver sa légitimité tout en évitant une restructuration institutionnelle. Cette étude montre que la « modernisation écologique » consiste en deux volets indépendents qui ne conduisent pas nécessairement au même résultat final. Alors que des cas de réforme écologique peuvent exister, la « modernisation ecologique » decrit aussi un discours dominant qui peut faire dévier la critique en étant suffisamment ambigu pour que des écarts entre une politique énoncée et une mise en application soient difficiles à tracer.We review Alberta's integrated resource management policy to highlight the provincial government's ability to discursively reframe the relationship between natural resource development and environmental protection to maintain legitimacy while avoiding institutional restructuring. This study indicates that Ecological Modernization consists of two independent features that do not necessarily lead to the same end point. While instances of ecological reform may exist, Ecological Modernization also describes a dominant discourse that can deflect criticism, while at the same time is sufficiently ambiguous that gaps between stated policy and implementation are difficult to trace.
Tattooing and Civilizing Processes: Body Modification as Self‐control*
Authors: ATKINSON MICHAEL 
Published: January 2009

Malgré la révolution en cours dans le tatouage en Amérique du Nord, les universitaires restent attachés à l'idée que les « fanatiques du tatouage » seraient des inadaptés sociaux. Dans cet article, des données obtenues au cours d'une observation participante de trois ans parmi des fanatiques du tatouage au Canada ouvrent la porte à une critique des interprétations psycho‐sociales privilégiées du tatouage comme étant une conduite irrationnelle, impliquant des risques (voir Carroll et coll., 2002; Roberts et Ryan, 2002). À la lumière de la sociologie figurationnelle (Elias, 1983; 1994; 1996), le tatouage est ici vu comme un acte de communication à caractère sociable et régi affectivement plutôt que comme un cas pathologique d'automutilation.Despite the ongoing revolution in the use of tattoos in North America, academic understandings of tattooing remain grounded in conceptions of “tattoo enthusiasts” as social misfits. In this paper, data from three years of participant observation with tattoo enthusiasts in Canada help critique preferred social‐psychological interpretations of tattooing as irrational, “risk‐taking behaviour” (see Carroll et al., 2002; Roberts and Ryan, 2002). Through the lens of figurational sociology (Elias, 1983; 1994; 1996), tattooing is interpreted in this paper as a pro‐social and affectively regulated act of communication, rather than a pathological instance of self‐injury.
Consumption and Standards of Living of the Quebec Inuit: Cultural Permanence and Discontinuities*
Authors: CHABOT MARCELLE 
Published: January 2009

Cette étude examine les tendances récentes relatives aux pratiques économiques des Inuits du Nunavik (Québec, Canada). L'étude se fonde sur une caractérisation des transactions monétaires et non monétaires effectuées par un échantillon de 38 ménages inuit en 1995 Les résultats des analyses montrent que les Inuit sont fortement dépendants des produits manufacturés. L'élévation du revenu a permis la création d'un revenu discrétionnaire. Cependant, les analyses suggèrent que les conditions économiques actuelles réduisent l'expression des besoins et des aspirations purement individuelles et encouragent le maintien des normes de conduites traditionnelles. L'étude conclut que les conditions de vie matérielle et les valeurs se renforcent mutuellement pour freiner la diffusion de la culture de consommation.This study explores some recent trends in the economic practices of the Inuit of Nunavik (Quebec, Canada). It is based on a characterization of the monetary and non‐monetary transactions made by a sample of 38 Inuit households in 1995 The analyses show that the Inuit are highly dependent on manufactured goods. The rise in income has allowed for more discretionary income; however, analyses suggest that current economic conditions place limitations on the development of individual wants and aspirations, as well as play a significant role in encouraging traditional norms of conduct. It is suggested that material conditions and values mutually reinforce one another to reduce the penetration of a consumer culture.
Reconstructing Colonialism: Graphic Layout and Design, and the Construction of Ideology*
Authors: BOWDEN GARY 
Published: January 2009

Le lien entre l'image et l'idéologie est un des thèmes les plus étudiés en sociologie visuelle. Il existe néanmoins une sérieuse lacune dans notre compréhension des procédés visuels auxquels on a recours pour créer une idéologie. Cet article, au moyen d'une analyse du rôle de la juxtaposition et de l'enchaînement visuels dans la publication gouvernementale britannique The Colonies in Pictures, atteste un mécanisme jusqu'ici ignoré dans la formation de l'idéologie. Je soutiens que la publication reconstruit une idéologie coloniale britannique en faisant passer de l'ethnicitéà la culture le marqueur utilisé pour distinguer le britannique du non‐britannique. Une telle reconstruction avait été rendue nécessaire en raison du contexte historique qui a suivi la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et a permis aux Britanniques de conserver une main‐mise sur l'économie des colonies tout en leur accordant une autonomie politique.The connection between image and ideology is one of the most analysed themes in visual sociology. Despite this, there exists a serious omission in our understanding of the visual processes used to create ideology. This article, through the analysis of the role of visual juxtaposition and sequencing in the British government publication The Colonies in Pictures, documents a previously ignored mechanism for ideology formation. I argue that the publication reconstructs British colonial ideology by shifting the marker used to distinguish between British and non‐British from ethnicity to culture. Such a reconstruction was necessitated by the historical circumstances following World War II and enabled the British to retain economic control over the colonies while granting political autonomy.
Brown Girls, White Worlds: Adolescence and the Making of Racialized Selves*
Authors: RAJIVA MYTHILI 
Published: January 2009

Jusquà récemment, les recherches sur les femmes venant de l'Asie du Sud portaient presque entièrement sur les immigrantes de première génération; cependant, les chercheurs commencent à explorer les différences qui existent entre les immigrantes de premiére et celles de deuxiéme génération. Ce qui reste peu clair, c'est comment l'âge, en tant que relation de puissance, se manifeste dans le contexte d'une diaspora. Par exemple, quel est l'apport de l'expérience occidentale de l'adolescence dans le processus identitaire ? l'auteure s'appuie sur le concept de Twine appeléévénement frontalier, qui s'adresse spéci‐fiquement à l'expérience de racialisation de l'adolescente. Elle se penche également sur la culture des pairs et enfin sur les families et les com‐munautés particulières pour évaluer comment celles‐ci réussissent à convaincre les jeunes filles de deuxième génération de leur exclusion permanente de la normalité.Until recently, research on South Asian women has focussed almost exclusively on the immigrant experience; however, scholars have now begun to explore the differences between immigrant and second‐generation identities. What remains unclear is how age, as a relation of power, asserts itself in diasporic contexts. For instance, how is modern Western adolescence a key period of racialized identity development? Building on Twine's concept of the “boundary event,” I analyse second‐generation South Asian girls' stories of difference making during adolescence, examining the work done by peer culture, friends and even family/community to remind girls of their racial and cultural difference.
Relationship between spat density, food availability, and growth of spawners in cultured Mizuhopecten yessoensis in Funka Bay: concurrence with El Niño Southern Oscillation
Authors: Baba Katsuhisa , Sugawara Rieko , Nitta Hisashi , Endou Kiyoshi , Miyazono Akira 
Published: January 2009

To elucidate the factors that influence the interannual variation in the density of cultured Japanese scallop ( Mizuhopecten yessoensis ) spat, we analyzed the relationship between spat density (Ds), monthly chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration, water temperature, and adductor muscle weight of spawners over 15 years (1992–2006) in Funka Bay (Japan) on the western North Pacific Ocean. The interannual variation of spat density was best explained by a campaniform model that used chl a concentration in February ([chl]Feb) and a categorical variable that indicates whether growth of spawners in a year is low or not as independent variables (R2 = 0.91). The gonadosomatic index increased fastest in February. Low growth years were detected as outliers in the Ds – [chl]Feb relationship and were characterized by an average weight of adductor muscles in February of <12 g. Therefore, food availability during gonadal development and growth conditions of spawners were the main factors determining spat density. The proportion of ovary necrosis was high in the years of low [chl]Feb and low growth. Those years corresponded with El Niño and La Niña years, respectively. Thus, global climatic anomalies apparently affect reproduction of the scallop in Funka Bay.
Mucus: a new tissue fraction for rapid determination of fish diet switching using stable isotope analysis
Authors: Church M. Robbins , Ebersole Joseph L. , Rensmeyer Kirk M. , Couture Ryan B. , Barrows Frederic T. , Noakes David L.G. 
Published: January 2009

Stable isotope analysis of diet switching by fishes often is hampered by slow turnover rates of the tissues analyzed (usually muscle or fins). We examined epidermal mucus as a potentially faster turnover “tissue” that might provide a more rapid assessment of diet switching. In a controlled hatchery experiment, we switched the diet of juvenile steelhead (sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss ) from a plant-based feed with low δ13C and δ15N to a fish-meal-based diet with higher delta values. We found mucus to provide a significantly more rapid response to diet switching (half-life = 36 days for δ15N, 30 days for δ13C) than muscle tissue (half-life = 94 days for δ15N, 136 days for δ13C), even for growing juvenile fish. Mucus may provide a rapid turnover “tissue” for analysis of diet (or habitat) switching by fish. It has the additional advantage that it may be sampled nonlethally in some fishes, thereby avoiding problems in studying threatened or endangered species. This is the first report of the use of fish mucus in stable isotope analyses of fish tissues.
Resistance toGremmeniella abietina(European race, large tree type) in introducedPinus contortaand nativePinus sylvestrisin Sweden
Authors: Bernhold Andreas , Hansson Per , Rioux Danny , Simard Marie , Laflamme Gaston 
Published: January 2009

To study the resistance of Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. ex Watts to large tree type (LTT) Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerberg) Morelet of the European race, seedlings of P. contorta and Pinus sylvestris L. were planted in gaps of an infected 40-year-old P. sylvestris stand in 2005 and assessed for symptoms in 2006–2007. In 2007, 45% and 32% of the P. contorta and P. sylvestris seedlings were infected, respectively. However, mortality was lower and recovery was better in the P. contorta seedlings. The mean infection length on surviving seedlings was significantly shorter in P. contorta (4 cm) compared with P. sylvestris (10 cm), and 47% of the P. contorta seedlings had developed new leader shoots in 2007 compared with 19% of the P. sylvestris seedlings. Histopathological examinations of the transition zone of infected shoots showed that P. contorta, as well as P. sylvestris, produced ligno-suberized boundaries extending from healthy needle bases transversally across the shoots. Together with areas of phenol-filled cells, these boundaries completed the compartmentalization of the invaded outermost parts of a majority of the infected seedlings. Our results indicate that P. contorta is more resistant to LTT G. abietina than P. sylvestris.
Critical Role of Tissue Kallikrein in Vessel Formation and Maturation
Authors: Stone Oliver A. , Richer Christine , Emanueli Costanza , van Weel Vincent , Quax Paul H.A. , Katare Rajesh , Kraenkel Nicolle , Campagnolo Paola , Barcelos Luciola S. , Siragusa Mauro , Sala-Newby Graciela B. , Baldessari Danila , Mione Marina , Vincent Marie P. , Benest Andrew V. , Al Haj Zen Ayman , Gonzalez Julien , Bates David O. , Alhenc-Gelas Francois , Madeddu Paolo 
Published: January 2009

Objective—Human Tissue Kallikrein (hKLK1) overexpression promotes an enduring neovascularization of ischemic tissue, yet the cellular mechanisms ofhKLK1-induced arteriogenesis remain unknown. Furthermore, no previous study has compared the angiogenic potency ofhKLK1, with its loss of function polymorphic variant, rs5515 (R53H), which possesses reduced kinin-forming activity.Methods and Results—Here, we demonstrate thattissue kallikreinknockout mice (KLK1−/−) show impaired muscle neovascularization in response to hindlimb ischemia. Gene-transfer of wild-typeAd.hKLK1but notAd.R53H-hKLK1was able to rescue this defect. Similarly, in the rat mesenteric assay,Ad.hKLK1induced a mature neovasculature with increased vessel diameter through kinin-B2receptor-mediated recruitment of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, whereasAd.R53H-hKLK1was ineffective. Moreover,hKLK1but notR53H-hKLK1overexpression in the zebrafish induced endothelial precursor cell migration and vascular remodeling. Furthermore,Ad.hKLK1activates metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in normoperfused muscle and fails to promote reparative neovascularization in ischemicMMP9−/−mice, whereas its proarteriogenic action was preserved inApoE−/−mice, an atherosclerotic model of impaired angiogenesis.Conclusions—These results demonstrate the fundamental role of endogenous Tissue Kallikrein in vascular repair and provide novel information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the robust arterialization induced byhKLK1overexpression.
The Efforts of ICCAT to Combat IUU Fishing: The Roles of Japan and Taiwan in Conserving and Managing Tuna Resources
Authors: Song Yann-huei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article uses the International Commission for the Conservation of the Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) and the interplay between two of its members, Japan and Taiwan, to demonstrate state and international efforts to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. It examines changes in Japan's and Taiwan's fishing policies and the bilateral negotiations and agreements between them affecting the fisheries resource management of ICCAT. The article concludes that while ICCAT has been criticized for being unable to undertake adequate efforts to conserve and manage tuna resources in the ocean areas subject to its regulatory power, it successfully forced Taiwan to reduce the size of its Atlantic bigeye tuna fleet from 144 vessels in 2005 to 60 vessels in 2007. However, it is also urged that more actions should be taken by ICCAT to deal with IUU fishing by the fleets of other members, such as Japan and Italy.
The role of flumazenil in the treatment of benzodiazepine dependence: physiological and psychological profiles
Authors: Hood S , O’Neil G , Hulse G 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTwo-related studies are presented here, detailing our early experience with benzodiazepine-dependent patients treated with a four-day flumazenil infusion using a novel delivery technique. Patients with long-term benzodiazepine dependence who attended the Australian Medical Procedures Research Foundation (AMPRF, Perth, Australia) for treatment were recruited for these studies. Self-reported psychological and physical symptoms, as well as objective vital signs data were collected at intervals before, during and 2 weeks postinfusion. Study A is a case series with cardiovascular measures; study B is an open trial that tracks the psychological profiles of 13 subjects. Withdrawal symptoms were tracked, however, the nature and severity of these symptoms differed between patients. No major complications or discomfort prompting study dropout was observed. Significant benzodiazepine abstinence occurred with this flumazenil infusion method despite high levels of initial dependence, comorbid substance use and comorbid psychiatric illness. Low-dose flumazenil infusion appears to be a safe and effective treatment resulting in withdrawal symptoms of lesser severity than any other cessation method currently available. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
Evaluating Indoor Environmental Quality of Public School Buildings in Jordan
Authors: Ali Hikmat H. , Almomani Hind M. , Hindeih Muna 
Published: January 2009

This paper aimed to investigate the indoor environments of schools in Jordan. It considers the availability of public safety conditions and conformity of school's environmental conditions to standards, and also aimed to obtain baseline data about environments in schools that could help decision makers in their efforts to improve the school environment. Indoor environmental quality is an integral part of the entire building performance that encompasses several environmental parameters such as air quality, air temperature, relative humidity, and acoustics. Creation of a successful indoor environment is dependent on an understanding of the environmental factors that include building design and setting. A cross multiple design strategy was adopted that included objective measurements (building physical measurements, monitoring, and archival data) and subjective measurements that included (questionnaires, interviews, and student's medical records). Seventeen schools were selected based on a multi-stage systematic sampling strategy. The sample size was sufficient to be representative of the entire school building stock in the country. The school-building design was adapted to the prototype systems that were duplicated in different locations in Jordan. The findings indicated that there were significant differences among building prototypes and across the locations of the schools. Site selection and planning were found to play a significant role in improving indoor environment quality. Building design should take the environmental factors into consideration from the early stages of design and construction. Overall these strategies depend on adapting passive design techniques that can improve energy efficiency and enhance occupant comfort and satisfaction.
The proteasome load versus capacity balance determines apoptotic sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to proteasome inhibition
Authors: Bianchi Giada , Oliva Laura , Cascio Paolo , Pengo Niccolò , Fontana Francesca , Cerruti Fulvia , Orsi Andrea , Pasqualetto Elena , Mezghrani Alexandre , Calbi Valeria , Palladini Giovanni , Giuliani Nicola , Anderson Kenneth C. , Sitia Roberto , Cenci Simone 
Published: January 2009

AbstractProteasome inhibitors (PIs) are effective against multiple myeloma (MM), but the mechanisms of action and bases of individual susceptibility remain unclear. Recent work linked PI sensitivity to protein synthesis and proteasome activity, raising the question whether different levels of proteasome expression and workload underlie PI sensitivity in MM cells (MMCs). Exploiting human MM lines characterized by differential PI sensitivity, we report that highly sensitive MMCs express lower proteasome levels and higher proteasomal workload than relatively PI-resistant MMCs, resulting in the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins at the expense of free ubiquitin (proteasome stress). Manipulating proteasome expression or workload alters apoptotic sensitivity to PI, demonstrating a cause-effect relationship between proteasome stress and apoptotic responses in MMCs. Intracellular immunostaining in primary, patient-derived MMCs reveals that polyubiquitinated proteins hallmark neoplastic plasma cells, in positive correlation with immunoglobulin (Ig) content, both intra- and interpatient. Moreover, overall proteasome activity of primary MMCs inversely correlates with apoptotic sensitivity to PI. Altogether, our data indicate that the balance between proteasome workload and degradative capacity represents a critical determinant of apoptotic sensitivity of MMCs to PI, potentially providing a framework for identifying indicators of responsiveness and designing novel combination therapies.
Antigen mRNA-transfected, allogeneic fibroblasts loaded with NKT-cell ligand confer antitumor immunity
Authors: Fujii Shin-ichiro , Goto Akira , Shimizu Kanako 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in situ by danger signals plays a central role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. We previously demonstrated that the activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells by administration of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)–loaded tumor cells can act as a cellular adjuvant through the DC maturation. In the current study, we used allogeneic fibroblasts loaded with α-GalCer and transfected with antigen-encoding mRNA, thus combining the adjuvant effects of iNKT-cell activation with delivery of antigen to DCs in vivo. We found that these cells produce antigen protein and activate NK and iNKT cells. When injected into major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–mismatched mice, they elicited antigen-specific T-cell responses and provided tumor protection, suggesting that these immune responses depend on host DCs. In addition, antigen-expressing fibroblasts loaded with α-GalCer lead to a more potent T-cell response than those expressing NK cell ligands. Thus, glycolipid-loaded, mRNA-transfected allogeneic fibroblasts act as cellular vectors to provide iNKT-cell activation, leading to DC maturation and T-cell immunity. By harnessing the innate immune system and generating an adaptive immune response to a variety of antigens, this unique tool could prove clinically beneficial in the development of immunotherapies against malignant and infectious diseases.