bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource use and cost of treatment with voriconazole or conventional amphotericin B for invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Wingard J.R. , Herbrecht R. , Mauskopf J. , Schlamm H.T. , Marciniak A. , Roberts C.S. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Background.Voriconazole, a broad‐spectrum triazole, has demonstrated significantly improved survival compared with conventional amphotericin B (CAB) as initial therapy for invasive aspergillosis (IA).Objective.To compare health care resource use and cost at 12 weeks following first‐line treatment with voriconazole compared with CAB for IA using resource use data collected during a clinical trial.Methods.Days of hospitalization, intensive care, antifungal drug use, and outpatient care were collected during a large randomized, controlled trial of patients with IA receiving initial treatment with voriconazole or CAB. Unit costs based on published data sources were applied to healthcare use to estimate 12‐week costs following initiation of therapy. Resource use and costs were compared for each treatment arm overall and by survival. The sensitivity of total costs to changes in healthcare use and unit costs was examined.Results.Total hospital days and intensive care unit (ICU) days were similar for voriconazole and CAB (total: 27.8 vs. 27.7,P=0.97 and ICU: 5.6 vs. 8.1,P=0.11). Among survivors, voriconazole was associated with similar numbers of total hospital days (29.8 vs. 32.0 days,P=0.54) to CAB, but fewer ICU days (3.9 vs. 8.2,P=0.03). For non‐survivors, those treated with voriconazole had a similar number of total hospital days (23.0 vs. 21.8,P=0.73) and ICU days (9.8 vs. 7.9,P=0.44). Patients treated with voriconazole had significantly more days alive and out of the hospital than with CAB at 12 weeks (40.3 vs. 28.4 days,P<0.001). Total costs were similar with voriconazole compared with CAB ($78,860 vs. $83,857,P=0.51). Differences in cost were not sensitive to changes in the input parameter values.Conclusions.Using voriconazole first‐line for treatment of IA resulted in significantly fewer deaths and similar treatment costs. Hospital‐free survival was significantly greater for patients initially treated with voriconazole.
Feinstruktur des groβen Netzes von Schaf und Ziege
Authors: Brandt Angelika , Schnorr Bertram , Weyrauch Dietrich 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the adipose tissue connective tissue, mesothelium and milky spots forming the greater cmentum of sheep and goats was studied.The mixture of connective tissue fibers and adipose tissue is arranged in submesothelial, marginal, and central layers. – The mesothelial cells are covered by a surface coat and are characterized by numerous microvilli and vesicles. The number of milky spots varies greatly. They are commonly found on the surface of the omentum and are covered by modified mesothelial cells; their interior contains macrophages and lymphoid cells.
La conformation extérieure et la lobation du foie du dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Ouhsine A. , Zguigal H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe authors have examined the external conformation and the lobes of 100 livers of one humped camels (Camelus dromedarius), mâles and aged between 5 and 10 years. Similitudes and anatomical differences with other domestic animals were also reported.
Histologic Appearance and Distribution of Synovial Membrane Types in the Equine Stifle Joint
Authors: Updike Susan J. , Diesem Charles D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA study of the histologic organization of normal synovial membranes of the stifle joint of the horse is described. Three types of synovial membrane, which appear to be randomly distributed within the stifle joint, are described.
The Canine Nasal Mucosa
Authors: Adams Donald R. , Hotchkiss Donald K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTissues of the nasal mucosa were utilized from 20 dogs, for histochemistry, quantitative measurements and scanning electorn microscopy. Attention was given to the type of epithelium, organization of submucosal tissues, distribution of vascular structures and glandular organization. These features are characterized and discussed in regar to the respiratory and immune functions of the nasal mucosa.
Fine Structure of the Retinal Photoreceptors of the Domestic Cat (Felis catus)
Authors: Braekevelt Charlie R. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe morphology of the retinal photoreceptors of the domestic cat (Felis catus) has been investigated by light and electron microscopy. In this species the photoreceptors can be readily differentiated and adequately described by the classical terminology of rods and cones, with rods being the more numerous. Rods are long slender cells with inner and outer segments of much the same diameter. Cones are shorter cells with a conical outer segment that tapers distally and an inner segment which is wider than the outer segment. Both rods and cones are highly polarized and compartmentalized cells and consist of an outer segment, a connecting cilium, an inner segment, a nuclear region and a synaptic process leading to an expanded synaptic ending. Morphological similarities and differences are noted between the rods and cones for the various regions of these cells.
The Process of Secretion in Swine Apocrine Sweat Glands
Authors: Gargiulo Anna Maria , Pedini Vera , Ceccarelli Piero 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe secretory process in swine apocrine sweat glands were studied by electron microscope. The sweat appeared to result from three different mechanisms: (a) fluid transport, probably involving a region of complex cellular interdigitations adjacent to the basement membrane, (b) exocytosis of vesicles, which in this species seem to be derived from the Golgi apparatus and finally (c) apocrine secretion.
A Supratrochlear Foramen in the Humerus of Cattle
Authors: Haziroglu R. Merih , Ozer M. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA supratrochlear foramen of the humerus was demonstrated in three Turkish cattle. The average size of the foramen was 1.2 times 0.7 cm. This appears to be a new anatomic finding in the bovine.
Die Kapillarisierung des M. pectoralis der Pute (Meleagris galloopavo) vom Schlupf bis zum 280. Lebenstag
Authors: Salomon F.‐V. , Kurnoth Th. , Sager G. , Gille U. 
Published: July 2007

Summary The capillarization of the M. pectoralis of the Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) from birth do day 280The capillarization of the M. pectoralis was examined in the turkey as it changed with age. Examined was the density of the muscles fibers (per mm2), the density of the capillaries (per mm2) and the quotient muscle fibers/capillaries. In accordance with the sequence of the original data four functions of organismic growth (slightly altered) were utilized for the approximation of the data for descending amounts: Pütter/Bertalanffy (1920, 1934); Richards (1959; Janoschek enlarged after Sager (1980 and Richards enlarged after Sager (1980). The approximations were made via nonlinear regressions, whereby the sum of the error amounts and the sums of teh error squares served as criteria of quality. The results including the deduced initial and end amounts are combined in tables which also contain the parameter of the way the computations were conducted.
Morphological, Histochemical and Ultrastructural Features of the Globule Leukocyte of the Bovine Respiratory Tract
Authors: Akpavie S. O. , Pirie H. M. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe histochemical and ultrastructural features of the globular leukocyte of the bovine respiratory tract is described and found to be similar to those localized in the abomasum and bile ducts of cattle. Histochemical analysis of these cells demonstrated low amounts of carboxylated mucin mixed with neutral mucin and large amounts of basic protein. Two types of globules were seen in the leucocytes; one with a homegeneous electron dense material and another with vesiculated, crastalloid containing bodies.
The Triangle of Viborg (Trigonum Viborgi) and its Anatomical Relationships in the Normal Standing Horse
Authors: McCarthy P. H. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA detailed description is given of the structures forming the borders of Viborg's triangle and those structures contained within and adjacent to the triangle. Changes in the size, shape and prominence of these structures with changes of head and neck posture of the horse are also described.
Zum Wachstum von Skelett, Körpermasse und Muskelfaserdurchmesser der Pute (Meleagris gallopavo) vom Schlupf bis zum 224. Lebenstag
Authors: Salomon F.‐V. , Anger Th. , Krug H. , Gille U. , Pingel H. 
Published: July 2007

Summary On the growth of the skeleton, the body mass and the diameter of muscle fibers in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) from birth to day 224Growth of body mass, femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus length as well as the diameter of muscle fibers in the M. pectoralis were measured in (Large White) female turkeys between birth and day 224.Growth‐specific approximations were established with the Janoschek function as modified by Sager (1978) and with the Logistic function. While the Janoschek function fairly described the growth of the turkey, the Logistic function throughout gave beginning values that were too high and theoretical end values that were too low. Of the five growth parameters that were measured, the diameter of the muscle fibers showed its maximal rate of growth first on day 21. The following decrease in growth rate took the following sequence: length of tarsometatarsus, femur, and tibiotarsus, diameter of muscle fibers, body mass. 99 % of growth had occurred in the tarsometatarsus length on day 109, femur length on day 117, tibiotarsus length on day 138, diameter of muscle fibers on day 166, and the body mass on day 231. A comparison of this growth with that of other domestic fowl showed close relationships between the way turkeys and chickens grow.
High incidence of newly‐developed gastroesophageal reflux disease in the Japanese community: A 6‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Miyamoto Masaki , Haruma Ken , Kuwabara Masao , Nagano Makoto , Okamoto Takeshi , Tanaka Mio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  We conducted a community‐based study to assess the incidence of newly‐developed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We also analyzed the risk factors of GERD occurrence.Methods:  A total of 322 patients without acid suppression therapy (135 men, mean age: 59.8 years), who lived in the Japanese community, took a QUEST questionnaire (a self‐administered questionnaire for the screening of GERD) in 1998. Blood samples were taken for the measurement of an anti‐Helicobacter pylori antibody and pepsinogen (PG) I/II to assess the grade of gastric atrophy. Of these patients, 289 scored less than six points and were diagnosed as non‐GERD. Two‐hundred‐and‐forty‐one patients (95 men, mean age: 67.0 years) took the QUEST questionnaire again in 2004 (after 6 years). The incidence of newly‐developed GERD was analyzed. These patients were categorized into three groups based on their initial PG I/II (group A: less than three, group B: three to six, and group C: more than six). The risk factors of GERD occurrence were evaluated.Results:  Of the 241 non‐GERD patients, 37 patients (15.4%) developed GERD after 6 years. The incidence of newly‐developed GERD in group C was significantly higher than both groups A and B (group A: 3.8% [three of 79], group B: 11.8% (11/93), group C: 33.3% (26/69), P < 0.01, respectively). The prevalence of H. pylori negativity, constipation, and medication of Ca antagonists in newly‐developed GERD were significantly higher than in those who did not develop GERD. [Correction added after online publication on 1 July 2007: the preceding sentence has replaced one that read ‘The prevalence of H. pylori negativity, constipation, and medication of Ca antagonists in newly‐developed GERD were significantly higher than in those who did develop GERD.’]Conclusion:  The incidence of newly‐developed GERD in the Japanese community was 16.5% for 6 years. The incidence of newly‐developed GERD patients who scored a PG I/II over six was significantly higher than those who scored lower. H. pylori negativity, constipation, and medication of Ca antagonists might be risk factors of GERD occurrence.
Long‐term Results of Adjuvant Irradiation or Surveillance in Stage I Testicular Seminoma
Authors: Miki Tsuneharu , Nonomura Norio , Saiki Shigeru , Kotake Toshihiko 
Published: July 2007

Background: Excellent treatment results are obtained for stage I testicular seminoma treated with orchiectomy and prophylactic radiotherapy. In patients with stage I nonseminomatous testicular tumors, surveillance alone is successful, however, this treatment option for stage I testicular seminomas is controversial. There have been few reports of long‐term follow‐up of surveillance alone for patients with stage I testicular seminoma. Methods: To assess the appropriateness of this treatment option, a retrospective survey of stage I testicular seminoma was undertaken. Twenty‐seven patients who underwent prophylactic radiation therapy (RT group) and 41 patients followed only by surveillance (S group) after high orchiectomy were evaluated. Their follow‐up consisted of frequent clinical examinations, abdominal CT scans, chest x‐rays and serum tumor markers. Results: In the RT group, with a median follow‐up period of 15 years, 1 patient (3.6%) had a recurrence in the lung at 4 months after orchiectomy and died, but the remaining 26 are alive with no evidence of disease (NED). In the S group, with a median follow‐up period of 7.3 years, 5 (12.2%) relapsed in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, but all are alive with NED following chemotherapy. The remaining 36 are all alive without recurrence (follow‐up period, 38 to 132 months). Although the relapse rate in the S group was relatively higher than in the RT group, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: If a frequent follow‐up protocol is administered and followed by the patient, surveillance alone may be a recommended management for stage I testicular seminoma.
A Prospective Comparative Trial of a Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Analogue with Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Oligoasthenozoospermia
Authors: Matsumiya Kiyomi , Kitamura Masaya , Kishikawa Hidefumi , Kondoh Nobuyuki , Fujiwara Yoshitomo , Namiki Mikio , Okuyama Akihiko 
Published: July 2007

Background: We undertook a prospective trial to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of a gonadotropin releasing‐hormone analogue (CnRHa) and clomiphene therapy for idiopathic normogonadotropic oligoasthenozoospermia (INOA). Methods: Between January and December 1995, 44 newly‐diagnosed INOA patients were randomly allocated to treatment with GnRHa or clomiphene citrate. Efficacy was assessed by measuring changes in semen parameters prior to and after 3 months of treatment. Twenty‐three INOA patients underwent GnRHa therapy with 15 μg of diluted buserelin acetate given once a day intranasally, and 21 INOA patients were treated with 50 μg of clomiphene citrate daily by oral administration. Results: The mean sperm density in the GnRHa group increased from 1 6.1 times 106/mL to 26.9 times 106/ml(P < 0.05), while the mean sperm density did not change significantly in the group treated with clomiphene. Similarly, the mean sperm motility increased from 35.9% to 43.9% in the GnRHa group (P < 0.05), but did not significantly change in the clomiphene group. No adverse effects were observed in either group. Conclusion: This GnRHa treatment protocol can be administered as an outpatient and is hoped to benefit INOA patients.
Antitumor Effect of Irinotecan Hydrochloride (CPT‐11) on Human Renal Tumors Heterotransplanted in Nude Mice
Authors: Miki Tsuneharu , Nonomura Norio , Takaha Natsuki , Nishimura Kazuo , Kojitna Yasuyuki , Sawada Masumi , Okuyama Akihiko 
Published: July 2007

Background: There has been a paucity of antitumor drugs that are active against renal tumors. Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT‐11), a DNA topoisomerase type 1 inhibitor, has demonstrated antitumor activity against human tumors, however, no antitumor effect of CPT‐11 on renal tumors has been reported. The antitumor effect of CPT‐11 was investigated on 2 human renal tumors (OUR‐10 and OUR‐20) heterotransplanted into nude mice. Methods: Tumor‐bearing nude mice were given daily intraperitoneal injections of multiple anticancer drugs suspended in 0.2 ml_ of phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) 3 times at 3‐day intervals. Control mice were injected with 0.2 mL of PBS. The antitumor effects were evaluated by calculating the T/C ratio (treated tumors/controls) of the tumor volume. Results: Among the 10 anticancer drugs tested, 50 mg/kg of CPT‐11 showed an active antitumor effect on OUR‐20 (T/C ratio 34). However, all drugs tested on OUR‐10 failed to show antitumor activity. Conclusion: Since CPT‐11 was effective in 1 of 2 renal tumors examined without severe toxicity, this drug could be a candidate for chemotherapy of renal cell carcinoma.
Renal Transplantation into Augmented Bladders
Authors: Yamazaki Yuichiro , Tanabe Kazunari , Ota Toshiyuki , Ito Katsumi , Toma Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

Background: Urinary bladder augmentation is gaining popularity for the treatment of dysfunctional bladders in renal transplant patients. Although reported cases of adult and pediatric transplants into the augmented bladder have been favorable, the potential risk of urinary tract infection and graft failure under immunosuppression is still disputable. We report our experiences with 4 patients who underwent renal transplantation into an augmented bladder. Methods: Between 1971 and 1996, 1275 renal transplants were performed at our institution. Of these transplants, 4 patients underwent renal transplantation into an augmented urinary bladder. Augmentation cystoplasty was performed before transplantation in 3 patients and 7 years after transplantation in the other patient. The bladder was augmented with an ileal segment in 3 patients and a ureter in the fourth patient. Craft function was assessed by the serum creatinine level. Fluorocystometrograms were performed in all patients at fixed intervals. Results: Posttransplant renal function was satisfactory overall and no patient exhibited proteinuria. All patients except 1 acquired a large capacity low pressure bladder and remained continent with clean intermittent catheterization. One patient who underwent ureterocystoplasty is still incontinent because of his relatively small bladder capacity. Posttransplant pyelonephritis was documented in 3 patients during the follow‐up period, but no other complications were observed. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that renal transplantation into extensively reconstructed bladders can be safely performed with good success. Although urinary tract infection is a major consideration, we recommend pretransplant reconstruction not only to preserve graft function, but also to achieve urinary continence.
Prospective Randomized Comparative Study of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Urethrocystoscopy and Urethrocystography
Authors: Tsugawa Masaya , Monden Kohichi , Nasu Yoshitsugu , Kumon Hiromi , Ohmori Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2007

Background: There has been a great deal of discussion regarding the necessity of the prophylactic use of antibiotics in transurethral procedures. In order to clarify this complicated issue, a randomized prospective study was performed for patients undergoing urethrocystoscopy or urethrocystography. Patients and Methods: Patients who underwent urethrocystoscopy or urethrocystography and did not have pyuria and bacteriuria were included and divided randomly into 2 groups, either receiving a prophylactic antibiotic or no antibiotic. For antibiotic prophylaxis, 200 mg of sparfloxacin or fleroxacin were administered within a 1‐hour period before the urethrocystoscopic or urethrocystographic examination, respectively. Analyses were performed on patients who were seen within 1 month after the examination, using the appearance of pyuria, bacteriuria, or a febrile infection as the endpoint. Results: Of47 patients undergoing urethrocystoscopy, 45 were eligible for analysis, and of these, sparfloxacin was administered to 21 patients. Thirty‐three of 37 patients undergoing urethrocystography were eligible for analysis with fleroxacin administered to 16 patients. There were no significant differences in the background factors between the 2 groups undergoing either transurethral examination. None of the patients in either group developed pyuria, bacteriuria or a febrile infection after the examination. Conclusions: Prophylactic administration of antibiotics is not necessarily essential in urethrocystoscopy or urethrocystography in patients with sterile urine.
Malignant Neoplasm in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Kishikawa Hidefumi , Ichikawa Yasuji , Yazawa Koji , Hanafusa Touru , Fukunishi Takanobu , Ebisui Chikara , Okuyama Akihiko , Nagano Shunsuke 
Published: July 2007

Background: The kidney recipient is at a higher risk for cancer than is the general population, although the incidence of neoplasms in general is considered lower in Japan than in Western countries. The cause of this increased risk associated with either transplantation or geography has not yet been established. Method: The incidences and sites of malignant neoplasms were analyzed in 285 kidney recipients, who had been followed up for 3007 patient‐years. The relationship between immunosuppressive states, the numbers of CD4‐positive T lymphocytes, and the presence of malignant neoplasms was studied retrospectively. Results: Eighteen malignant neoplasms were found in 1 7 of the 285 patients (6%). The malignancies developed in these patients an average of 1 26.5 months aftertransplantation. The incidencewasonly3.9% at 1 0 years, increasing to1 3.9% at 20 years. No difference in the time‐course incidence was found between azathioprine‐based and cyclosporin‐based immunosuppressive regimens. The malignancies developed in the digestive organs in more than half of the patients, and were mainly in the liver, colon and rectum, and stomach, with a relatively low incidence of skin cancer and lymphoma. There was only one case of Epstein‐Barr virus genome found in 5 specimens that were tested. Concerning the immunosuppressive state, CD4‐positive T lymphocyte counts were not related directly with malignancies in our series. Conclusion: The cumulative incidence of malignancy increased markedly in the second posttransplant decade. The site of cancers in kidney recipients mirrors that of general Japanese malignancies. Our results revealed neither the cause nor predictor for malignancies in kidney transplant patients.