bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma: report of a case
Authors: Landman Gilles , Farmer Evan R. 
Published: April 2006

Primary mucoepidermoid carcinomas of the skin are extremely rare tumors. We describe a primary cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising in the right ear (posterior mid helix) of a 66‐year‐old white man. The tumor was 0.6 cm in diameter, ulcerated and nonencapsulated. No other tumors were found in the patient. Histologically the tumor showed the characteristics of a ‘low grade” mucoepidermoid carcinoma, consisting of lobules of polygonal cells with vesicular nuclei. In the center of the lobules were large vacuolated cells (goblet cells). Transitions between the two cell populations were present throughout the tumor. An epidermal attachment of the tumor, as well as epidermal dysplasia, predominantly at the acrosyringium was present, consistent with the theory of sweat duct histogenesis of these tumors. Immunoperoxidase staining showed positivity for epithelial membrane antigen, keratin and carcinoembryonic antigen. The latter was predominantly positive in the goblet cells. Cutaneous metastasis of mucoepidermoid carcinomas with epidermal attachment has been reported. Our case showed only ear involvement and follow‐up at 8 months has revealed no evidence of recurrence. These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of primary cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma.Landman G, Farmer ER. Primary cutaneous mucoepidermoid carcinoma: report of a case.
CD44v6 is a marker for systemic spread in cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Dommann Stefan N. W. , Ziegler Thomas , Dommann‐Schener Corina C. , Meyer Jü , Panizzon Renato , Burg Günter 
Published: April 2006

Adhesion molecules are involved in leukocyte recruitment, lymphocyte recirculation, and in several aspects of tumour biology. Recent discoveries of surface proteins on tumour cells involved in tumour metastasis may explain the invasive behaviour, the migration involving reversible adhesive contacts, the release into the circulation and the extravasation of tumour cells.CD44 is a family of glycoproteins involved in cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions. The v6 (variant exon v6) form of CD44 confers a metastatic potential onto some carcinoma cells. In the present study, the expression of CD44v6 on skin biopsies of 10 inflammatory skin diseases, 30 cutaneous lymphomas (CL), 11 reactive lymph nodes, 10 primary nodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and 5 secondary nodal NHL was investigated immunohistochemically.None of the 10 nodal NHL were CD44v6 positive for the neo‐plastic B‐ or T‐cells, whereas 11/12 CL with systemic spread showed a distinct CD44vG expression in the skin. CD44v6 was not expressed on the tumour cells of skin biopsies of patients without systemic spread (18 cases of CL). In conclusion, CD44v6 expression is connected to an aggressive behaviour of CL.
T‐cell receptor β variable region (Vβ) usage in cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) in comparison to normal and eczematous skin
Authors: Potoczna Natascha , Boehncke Wolf‐Henning , Nestle Frank O. , Küenzlen Christiane , Sterry Wolfram , Burg Günter , Dummer Reinhard 
Published: April 2006

Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders. We investigated the variable region (Vβ) of the T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in CTCL and compared it to the Vβ repertoire in normal and eczematous skin.We used a panel of 21 anti‐Vβ antibodies and investigated 84 biopsies of 71 CTCL patients (4 parapsoriasis en grandes plaques (PA), 1 lymphomatoid papulosis, 29 mycosis fungoides (MF), 13 Sezary syndrome (SS), 1 CD8+ CTCL, 11 pleomorphic CTCL (PLEO), 12 CTCL not classified). Six biopsies of normal skin and 6 of eczematous skin lesions served as controls. We determined the frequency of the Vβ in normal and inflamed skin and compared it to the percentage of the respective Vβ in the malignant clone of the CTCL patients.The percentage of the Vβ positive CD4+ cells in relation to the total number of T cells in normal skin and inflamed skin differed from the distribution of the Vβ families in the peripheral blood monoiiuclear cells (PBMC). Out of 71 CTCL cases, the clone was identified in 23 (32%). We identified the following clones : 1 V03.1 (1 MF), 7 V05.1 (1 CD8+ CTCL.l CTCL not classified, 1 MF, 1 PA, 3 SS), 1 V|36.7 (1 SS), 7 Vβ8.1/8.2 (2 CTCL not classified,! PLEO, 2 MF, 2 SS), 1 V012.1 (1 PLEO), 3 Vβl7.1 (2 CTCL not classified, 1 MF), 2 Vβ22.1 (1 CTCL not classified, 1 MF), 1 TCR8 (SS). The frequency of the malignant clone Vβ usage corresponded well to the repertoire of Vβ in eczematous skin but not to the repertoire in PBMC. In 6 patients, the malignant clone was mainly localized in the epidermis. In 17 cases, the clone‐specific cells were distributed in epidermis and dermis equally. A retrospective analysis showed that preferential epidermal homing of the clone was associated with a non‐aggressive clinical course.The Vβ usage of CTCL and eczema suggests a special cutaneous microenvironment which might be co‐created by certain (bacterial?) superantigens. A preferential epidermal homing of the clone might have prognostic implications.
Changes in T‐cell phenotype and adhesion molecules expression in psoriatic lesions after low‐dose cyclosporin therapy
Authors: Servitje O. , Bordas X. , Serón D. , Vidaller A. , Moreno A. , Curcó N. , Sais G. , Peyrí J. 
Published: April 2006

Cyclosporin is a very effective treatment for severe psoriasis, but its exact mechanism of action in this disease is not completely understood. It has been hypothesized that the drug could act through (lie inhibition of the expression of certain cell adhesion molecules on the keratinocytes prior to the reduction in the number of epidermal inflammatory cells. Several studies have focused on ICAM‐1 changes on keratinocytes and endothelial cells after cyclosporin treatment in psoriatic patients but their results have been somewhat contradictory. We examined changes in T‐cell markers and adhesion molecules among keratinocytes, enclothelial and inflammatory cells after low‐dose cyclosporin treatment for severe psoriasis.We performed a histological and immunohistochemical study on psoriatic skin among 10 patients (7 males and 3 females; mean age 37 years) treated with low‐dose (2.5 mg/kg/day) cyclosporin, prior to therapy, after 1 month, and after 3 months of treatment. The mean PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) before treatment was 23±4, 13±7 after the first month of therapy, and 8±2 at the end of the third month of therapy. Pretherapy samples showed a moderate to severe inflammatory infiltrate mainly clue to T‐lymphocytes expressing a T‐cell memory (UCHL‐1) and helper/inducer (CD4) phenotype. Most of these cells also expressed HLA‐DR and LFA‐1 and ICAM‐1 antigens. Alter the treatment, an overall reduction in the degree of epidermal hyperplasia was seen (p=0.01). The severity of the infiltrate was clearly reduced (p=0.05), but no significant changes in the phenotype profile were observed. Although slightly reduced, endothelial ICAM‐1 expression persisted after cyclosporin therapy. Keratinocyte ICAM‐1 expression was uniformly and significantly reduced after 1 month and 3 months of therapy (p=0.01). These results support the hypothesis that cyclosporin interferes with the expression of keratinocyte adhesion molecules in patients with psoriasis.
The Revised European‐American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL): a new perspective for the classification of cutaneous lymphomas
Authors: Sander Christian A. , Kind Peter , Kaudewitz Peter , Raffeld Mark , Jaffe Elaine S. 
Published: April 2006

Differing classification schemes for malignant lymphomas have been used in Europe and the United States. Attempts to translate between the principle classifications have been unsuccessful and historically it has been difficult to arrive at an unified approach. In addition, many new lymphoma entities have been recognized in recent years that are not delineated in any of the existing classification schemes.To provide a unified international basis for clinical and investigative work in this field, in 1994 the International Lymphoma Study Group (ILSG) proposed a new classification termed Revised European‐American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms (REAL). This review discusses the REAL classification, especially as it pertains to cutaneous lymphomas, and provides insight into the clinicopathologic features of lymphoproliferative disease involving the skin.The premise of the REAL classification is that a classification scheme should be based on the delineation of disease entities, utilizing pathologic, immunophenotypic, genetic, and clinical features. Therefore, if cutaneous involvement is an integral aspect of any lymphoma subtype, this clinical information is included in the definition of that neoplasm. We conclude that the principles of the REAL classification are applicable to cutaneous lymphomas, as well as lymphomas involving other anatomic sites.
Herpetic syringitis associated with eccrine squamous syringometaplasia in HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Muñoz E. , Valks R. , Fernández‐Herrera J. , Fraga J. 
Published: April 2006

Herpetic syringitis has been described as a rare manifestation of herpes virus infection in patients with an immunodeficiency, usually secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Eccrine squamous syringometaplasia (ESS) is an infrequent alteration of the eccrine duct epithelium reported in association with several conditions, including chronic ulcers, inflammatory processes, and patients receiving chemotherapy. The association of herpetic syringitis with ESS has not been reported before. We identified 3 cases of herpetic syringitis associated with ESS in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In 2 of 3 cases the signs of herpetic syringitis were limited to the meta‐plastic duct epithelium, but in 1 case there were also herpetic alterations without ESS.The histological features of herpetic infection in HIV‐positive patients may be atypical and lack the typical epidermal alterations, observing only an extensive epidermal necrosis. In those cases, the alterations of the eccrine ducts may be a diagnostic clue in the diagnosis of herpetic infection. ESS of the ductal epithelium is probably secondary to the herpetic infection, although it might also stimulate the extension of the herpetic infection. Futher studies are needed to elucidate the association of ESS and herpes virus infection.
Hypopigmented common blue nevus
Authors: Carr Susan , See Jo‐anne , Wilkinson Barbara , Kossard Steven 
Published: April 2006

Blue nevus is a benign pigmented lesion of dermal melanocytes with a number of histologic and clinical variants, of which the major types are the common blue nevus, cellular blue nevus and combined nevus.This study describes 9 cases of hypopigmented blue nevus (HBN), a variant of common blue nevus in which there is minimal identifiable melanin pigment. We also discuss the usefulness of the immunoperoxidase stain HMB‐45 in relation to the diagnosis of HBN and the lesions with which it may be histologically confused, namely common intradermal nevus, dermatofibroma, neurofibroma, dermal scar and desmoplastic malignant melanoma. The HMB‐45 stain was found to be uniformly positive in all 9 cases of HBN, in contrast to the other dermal lesions which have been reported as either negative or showing only focal positivity. The physical distribution and age range of the patients in this study was similar to the age and sites for common BN, supporting the relationship between the 2 lesions. The occurrence of HBN in predominantly young adults indicates that this lesion is not a phenomenon due to ageing or degenerative change, and should be regarded as a variant of common blue nevus.
The intermediate filament peripherin is expressed in cutaneous melanocytic lesions
Authors: Prieto Victor G. , McNutt N. Scott , Lugo Jorge , Reed Jon A. 
Published: April 2006

Peripherin is an intermediate filament involved in growth and development of the peripheral nervous system and is localized to neurons, some other cells derived from neural tube and neural crest, and some neuroendocrine cells (e.g. β cells of islets of Langerhans). Peripherin also has been demonstrated in neuroblastomas and cutaneous neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinomas. The expression of peripherin by other cells derived from the neural crest is unknown.We evaluated by immunohistochemistry 74 cutaneous melanocytic lesions including primary invasive malignant melanoma (IMM), melanoma in situ (MIS), atypical nevus (nevus with architectural disorder and cytologic atypia of melanocytes) (AN), spindle and epithelioid cell nevus (Spit/nevus) (SN), blue nevus (BN), and common intradermal benign melanocytic nevus (BMN) for expression of peripherin.Peripherin was detected in a cytoplasmic distribution within tumor cells in 14/14 IMM and 8/10 MIS. For IMM, peripherin localised to both the intraepidermal and invasive dermal components. Peripherin was detected in 10/10 AN and 9/9 SN, being localized to the intraepidermal component and, focally, to the superficial dermal component of the lesions. The dendritic nevus cells in 15/15 BN also expressed peripherin. For most of the BMN, expression of peripherin was absent or limited to rare, scattered cells in the superficial portion of the lesions. Melanocytes in adjacent normal skin were not labeled in any of the lesions studied.These results indicate that expression of peripherin is common in both benign and malignant melanocytic lesions, but not in normal resting adult melanocytes. Among benign lesions, expression of peripherin in the dermal component is rare except in the dendritic cells of BN. These findings provide evidence that the expression of peripherin, a marker of neuronal differentiation, is maintained by IMM, MIS, and BN, but is lost in the normal maturational sequence of the dermal component of other melanocytic lesions.
B Cell Activation
Authors: Waldmann Herman , Munro Alan 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYWe consider that 2 'signals’are essential for B cell activation. 'Signal 1’is a consequence of appropriate latticing of surface immunoglobulin receptors. 'Signal 2’can be mediated by a variety of agents. Signal 1 alone (i.e. surface Ig aggregation) leads to a state of B cell tolerance. Appropriate levels of signal 1 and signal 2 lead to immune induction. Inappropriate combinations of either signal such that one is in‘excess’can direct B cells towards a state of tolerance.T cells are felt to fulfil two roles, (a) They release antigen specific molecules capable of creating a lattice of antigenic determinants on a B cell surface, (b) They are responsible in interacting with macrophages for the production of NSF or Signal 2. (c) The B cell Ig‐antigen‐T cell receptor complex can serve to localise the effects of NSF to the region of the antigen specific B cell, and thus provide a safeguard against autoallergy.Thymus independent antigens are capable of providing both types of signal.
Attempted therapeutic immunization in a chimpanzee chronic HBV carrier with a high viral load
Authors: Shata Mohamed Tarek M. , Pfahler Wolfram , Brotman Betsy , Lee Dong‐Hun , Tricoche Nancy , Murthy Krishna , Prince Alfred M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground  We previously reported successful therapeutic immunization in a chimpanzee having a relatively low viral load, which was immunized with recombinant plasmid hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) DNA and boosted with recombinant HBsAg encoding canarypox virus. In the present study, we attempted to confirm these findings in an animal with a high virus load.Methods and Results  We tested three immunization strategies successively over a 3‐year period. In the first of these, we administered four monthly injections of DNA encoding HBsAg + PreS2 + hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) + DNA encoding interleukin (IL)‐12, (given 3 days later), and boosted with canarypox expressing all of the above HBV genes 6 months after initial immunization. No reduction in viral load was observed. In the second trial, we administered lamivudine for 8 weeks, and then began monthly DNA‐based immunization with plasmids expressing the above viral genes; however, viral loads rebounded 1 week after termination of lamivudine therapy. In a third trial, we continued lamivudine therapy for 30 weeks and immunized with vaccinia virus expressing the above viral genes 18 and 23 weeks after the start of lamivudine therapy. Again viral loads rebounded shortly after cessation of lamivudine treatment. Analysis of cell‐mediated immune responses, and their avidity, revealed that DNA‐based immunization produced the strongest enhancement of high avidity T‐cell responses, while recombinant vaccinia immunization during lamivudine therapy enhanced low avidity responses only. The strongest low and high avidity responses were directed to the middle surface antigen.Conclusions  Three strategies for therapeutic immunization failed to control HBV viremia in a chronically infected chimpanzee with a high viral load.
Airsacculitis in fourteen juvenile southern Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii)
Authors: Lawson Becki , Garriga Rosa , Galdikas Biruté M.F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground  Airsacculitis is a clinical condition which has been reported in a range of primates species, including orangutans.Methods  This report describes the occurence and management of airsacculitis in fourteen juvenile Southern Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) that presented beween January 1st 1999 and January 31st 2001 at the Orangutan Care Center and Quarantine (OCC&Q), Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia (S 2°43’ 49.2”; E 111°38’ 54.2”). Details of the signalment, clinical history, presenting clinical signs, clinicopathological findings and bacterial isolates in each case were reviewed.Results  Cough, halitosis and nasal discharge were the most frequently observed clinical signs. A range of Gram‐negative bacteria were isolated from infected air sacs, including Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A simple drainage and lavage technique was used in cases where surgical intervention was indicated, in combination with local and systemic antibiotic therapy.Conclusions  The importance of early diagnosis, prompt management and antibiotic selection, based on bacterial culture and sensitivity profiles, is outlined.
Marmoset glutathione peroxidases: cDNA sequences, molecular evolution, and gene expression
Authors: Atanasova Srebrena , Von Ahsen Nicolas , Schlumbohm Christina , Wieland Eberhard , Oellerich Michael , Armstrong Victor 
Published: May 2006

Abstract Background  Dysfunction of the cellular antioxidant system and accumulation of reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathophysiology of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, male infertility and aging. Two gluthathione peroxidases play key roles in the cellular protection against oxidative damage. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx‐1) removes cytosolic hydroperoxides while phospholipid‐hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx‐4) is a unique enzyme that reduces phospholipid peroxides in membranes.Methods  We cloned and sequenced the full‐length cDNA for GPx‐1 (GenBank: AY966403) and GPx‐4 (GenBank: AY966404) from the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) in order to create a suitable model for studying human diseases related with oxidative stress.Results  The cDNAs encode a 202 amino acid protein for GPx‐1 and a 197 amino acid protein for GPx‐4. Both proteins include selenocysteine (Sec, in Gpx‐1 at position 48; in GPx‐4 at position 73) and showed high homology (>90%) with other mammalian GPxs. The relative levels of mRNA expression for GPx‐1 and GPx‐4 were determined in different marmoset tissues by quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction using transcription elongation factor‐2 as a reference gene. GPx‐1 showed increased levels of expression in the liver, heart and kidney while the highest mRNA levels for GPx‐4 were detected in the testis, followed by the liver, lung, kidney and spinal cord.Conclusions  These findings will be of value for studies designed to assess the role of glutathione peroxidases in non‐human primate models for a variety of diseases in which increased oxidative stress has been implicated.
The relation of the clinical picture to the histopathology of snuff dipper's lesions in a Swedish population
Authors: Axéll T. , Mörnstad H. , Sundström B. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.The relation of the clinical picture of snuff dipper's lesions to the histopathological appearance was studied in 114 male dippers aged 20–88 years.Histological study revealed increased epithelial thickness, a vacuolated surface layer with wavelike, eosinophilic spikes directed toward the surface having a narrow, eosinophilic band as a demarcation toward the prickle cell layer, acanthosis, and a slight inflammatory reaction. Thirteen cases showed an increased number of eosinophilic granulocytes, and nine cases contained amorphous, weakly eosinophilic areas in the connective tissue papillae. No epithelial dysplasia was observed.Increased epithelial thickness, especially the presence of a vacuolated surface layer, was the only histologic feature that could be correlated with the severity of clinical appearance of the lesions. Deeply located changes, like inflammation and amorphous areas, however, were not reflected in the clinical grading of the lesions.
Long‐term organ culture of hamster cheek pouch mucosa
Authors: Mock David , Main James H. P. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.Explants of cheek pouch mucosa from 12‐ to 48‐hour‐old hamsters have been maintained in organ culture for up to 49 days with excellent preservation of tissue integrity and relationships. The technique uses gelatin sponge matrix in Leighton tubes with Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (M.E.M.) supplemented with 10% calf serum and antibiotics.
Odontoblast metabolism in rats deficient in vitamin D and calcium II
Authors: Engström C. , Granström G. , Linde A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.Rats were fed a low calcium diet deficient in vitamin D for 14 days. Changes in alkaline phosphatase activities in odontoblasts dissected out from incisor teeth were studied biochemically. A strong increase in pNPP‐ase, PPi‐ase, total ATP‐degradation and Ca2+ ‐ATPase was observed in the deficient animals compared with animals fed a control diet.
An autoradiographic study of experimental odontogenic cyst formation in the mouse
Authors: Atkinson M. E. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.Proliferative populations of cells within the epithelial lining of developing experimental odontogenic cysts were identified by labeling with 3H‐thymidine. Mouse molar teeth extracted from 10‐day‐old mice were transplanted subcutaneously and host animals were injected with 3H‐thymidine 1 h prior to sacrifice. The cysts which developed around the crown of the transplanted teeth were prepared for autoradiographical examination. Labeling indices were high initially but decreased rapidly as the cysts enlarged. The pattern of labeling, however, bore no resemblance to the labeling of the reduced enamel epithelium from which the cysts developed. It was concluded that labeling activity reflects only the state of development and activity of the cyst and not the origin of the cyst.
Glossal double fissures in pre‐ and post‐natal human specimens
Authors: Farman Allan G. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.Glossal double fissures were found in a similar proportion of both pre‐ and postnatal tongue specmens. The condition was found in both sexes and in subjects of Negro, Caucasian and mixed ethnic origins. In cross‐section, the area bounded by the fissures varied from raised to flat or depressed. Histologic analysis suggested that the double fissure appearance was a reflection of the topography of the subjacent muscle bundles and that true fissuring, when present, was probably a secondary phenomenon akin to acquired plication.