bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Catalytic Action of Organic Peroxides on the Polymerization of Ethenoid Compounds. II. The Activity of Substituted Benzoyl Peroxides on the Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate
Authors: Takebayashi Matsuji , Shingaki Tadao , Ito Yasumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The activity of symmetrical m- and p-substituted benzoyl peroxides on the rate of polymerization of vinyl acetate has been investigated at 40°C. and 60°C. in the absence of air.
(2) The peroxides have been divided into two groups according to their activities. The activity of peroxides in each group is nearly inversely proportional to the square root of the dissociation constants of the corresponding substituted benzoic acids in the experimental conditions.
(3) The thermal decomposition of the peroxides in vinyl acetate has been observed to be of first order at 40°C, but not always exactly so at 60°C.
(4) In the decomposition of the peroxides at 40°C, carbon dioxide was not generated from all the peroxides excluding p,p-dimeth-oxybenzoyl peroxide; while in the decomposition at 60°C, carbon dioxide was produced from effective peroxides, such as dimethoxy-, dimethyl-, and p,p′-dichloro-benzoyl peroxides.
(5) It has been confirmed that the velocity of the polymerization is affected not only by the rate of decomposition of the peroxides but also by the activity of radicals derived from the peroxides.
(6) The results have been compared with those obtained in the polymerization of styrene.
The Effect of the Substituents (Alkyl-groups) on the Thermal Dissociation of Carbaminic Acid Esters
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Motoki Shinichi , Hamada Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate constants of the thermal dissociation of carbaminic acid esters in fatty acids were determined. In the case of phenylcarbaminic acid alkylestees, the rates showed the following order. tert-Bu&gt;&gt;isoPr≥Me
The relative rates may be considered to denote the ability of —OR groups as proton acceptors and the results of the experiment can be explained by the inductive effect of the substituted alkyl-groups.
In the case of alkylcarbaminic acid phenyl-esters, the rates showed the following order. Acetyl&gt;&gt;isoPr&gt;Me
The relative rates may be considered to denote the ability of (Remark: Graphics omitted.) groups as proton donors. In acetylcarbaminic acid phenylester, because of the resonance effect of the (Remark: Graphics omitted.) and COOR groups, the intervening nitrogen aquires a positive potential. The phenomenon will make the hydrogen attached to nitrogen have more tendency to transfer, hence the reaction. That isopropylcarbaminic acid phenylester dissociates faster than methyl-carbaminic acid phenylester will be explained by the steric effect of alkyl-groups.
The rates of the thermal dissociation of esters depend on the nature of the solvent acids.
Studies on Unsaturated Organosilicon Compounds. I. Syntheses of Organovinylsilanes by Wurtz- Fittig Reaction
Authors: Kanazashi Motonori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Vinyl chloride and organohalosilanes were shown to react with finely divided metallic sodium in ethyl ether, and trimethyl-, dimethyldi-, triethyl- and dimethylphenyl- vinylsilanes were prepared. Of these, dimethyldi- and dimethylphenyl-vinylsilane are new compounds and their physical constants were given.
(2) Infrared spectra of these four organovinylsilanes were obtained and certain characteristic absorption bands were discussed.
(3) Trichlorosilane was found to add to these vinylsilanes at the presence of diacetyl peroxide and four new β-trichlorosilylethyl-silanes were prepared and characterized.
Microscopic Studies on Fused Catalysts for Ammonia Synthesis. III. Weak Ferromagnetic Inclusions and Their Isolation for X-ray Study
Authors: Osumi Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
On the basis of our new finding that B grains on the polished surface (Report 1 and 2) of usual iron synthetic ammonia catalysts are less ferromagnetic than A grains, we attempted to separate magnetically B grains from A grains. The more magnetic fraction (called A powder) and the less magnetic fraction (called B powder) have the following properties:
1. B powder as observed by the surface-electron microscope is as strongly electron-emissive as B grains on the polished surface. This suggests a successful separation.
2. Chemical analysis shows that B powder is far richer in K2O and CaO than A powder.
3. X-ray diffraction patterns of A powders separated from usual doubly or triply promoted catalysts are identified with that of magnetite, and those of B powders are all similar and complicated, whether they contain CaO or MgO or not. The product of potash fusion of Fe3O4 with 5 per cent Al2O3 gave the same diffraction pattern as B. Some relation of this new crystal structure to the spinel lattice of magnetite was discussed.
In the next paper will be reported the results of ammonia decomposition tests carried out with A and B powders under atmospheric pressure.
On the Nature of Built-Up Film. III. Effect of Dissolved Anion on Mono- and Multilayers of Octadecylamine
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka , Muramatsu Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Attempts were made to transfer the monolayers of octadecylamine on distilled water both onto the metal surface and onto the optical gauge of barium stearate. They did not adhere to the former surface, while with the latter it was shown that the homogeneous film was obtained when the substrate pH. and the piston pressure were favorable for preventing the film from aggregating.
Effects of organic anions upon the monoand multilayers of amine were investigated. The increase of the distance between the ionic groups of dicarboxylic acids caused the corresponding expansion and change in thickness of amine monolayer spread on the solution containing these anions. The solution of sodium alginate caused a somewhat large expansion and gave a remarkable rigidity towards the amine monolayer spread on it.
The built-up film of amine transferred from the substrate of various organic acids showed a variety of resistance for wettability when treated with aqueous sodium alginate solution. It was found that the resistance for wetting increased with the increasing complexity of the two-dimensional network formed in the film prior to the treatment. These results were discussed with regard to the easiness of overturning.
On the Electronic Absorption Spectra and the Dipole Moment of the Molecular Compound between Stannic Chloride and Naphthalene
Authors: Tsubomura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The 1:1 form of the molecular compound between stannic chloride and naphthalene in dilute solution has been confirmed by the measurements of electronic absorption spectra. The exaltation of the molecular polarization of this molecular compound has been determined from both optical and dielectric measurements and the dipole moment has been calculated from it. The absorption spectra of other similar molecular compounds have also been measured. It has been proposed that the intermolecular linkages may be explained as the charge-transfer bond.
Formation and Aging of Precipitates. I. Electron Microscopic Studies of the Formation of Barium Sulfate Precipitate
Authors: Suito Eiji , Takiyama Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The shape and the size of barium sulfate precipitate prepared within the range of the total concentrations from 1.0000 to 0.0001 m were observed by an electron microscope. The particles were observed to precipitate in various forms (spherical, spindle, diamond and rectangular) in response to the total concentration of barium sulfate. It was confirmed that the precipitation law advocated by von Weimarn was still substantiated so far as the particles of the same shape were concerned.
Visco-Elasticity Measurement by the Torsional Rheometer. Simple Treat ment by the Application of the Four-Terminal Network
Authors: Nakagawa Tsurutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The four-terminal electrical network is shown to be useful in the schematic representation of various mechanical systems.
(2) A simple review on various types of torsionally oscillating rheometers is given according to the theory of four-terminal networks.
(3) It is shown that complicated viscoelastic systems are easily solved so far as their formalistic treatment is concerned.
Photoconductivity of the Condensed Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photoconductivity and optical absorption in the solid state of the organic semi-conductors, that is, isoviolanthrone (I), violanthrone (II), isoviolanthrene (III), violanthrene (IV), pyranthrone (V), pyranthrene (VI), ovalene (VII), flavanthrone (VIII), indanthrone (IX) and indanthrazine (X) were measured. From the threshold values of the spectral response of the photoelectric current and optical absorption in the solid state, the energy gap between the full band and the empty band were estimated as (I) 0.93 eV, 0.7 eV, (II) 0.84 eV, 0.75 eV, (III) 0.85 eV, —, (IV) 0.88 eV, 0.8 eV, (V) 1.14 eV, 0.85 eV, (VI) 0.85 eV, 0.8 eV, (VII) 1.20 eV, 1.2 eV, (VIII) 0.76 eV, 0.75 eV, (IX) 0.74 eV, 0.65 eV, (X) 0.80 eV, 0.7 eV respectively. Also from the experimental facts that the photocurrent is proportional to the applied potential arid to the light intensity, the author thinks that the photocurrent observed here is a primary current. These results, photoconductivity and absorption spectra, are in good agreement with that estimated from the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity. It may be reasonable that this agreement is due to the fact that the organic semi-conductors studied here are intrinsic ones having molecular lattice.
The Michael Addition of Diethyl Methylmalonate to Ethyl Crotonate-(carbonyl C14). A Contribution to the Elucidation of the Mechanism of the Abnormal Addition
Authors: Simamura Osamu , Inamoto Naoki , Suehiro Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Michael addition of diethyl methylmalonate to ethyl crotonate-(carbonyl-C14) was carried out with one equivalent of sodium ethoxide; the addition product, diethyl α-ethoxycarbonyl-β,γ - dimethylglutarate, was hydrolyzed and the resulting acid decarboxylated by heating. The evolved carbon dioxide contained 42 % of the radiocarbon of the original ethyl crotonate. Thus it was demonstrated that the migration of an ethoxycarbonyl group took place in the course of the reaction from the methylmalonate moiety to the carbon atom α to the labelled ethoxycarbonyl group. The mechaism of the reaction is discussed.
Immunochemical Studies on Oxidized Ovalbumin
Authors: Maekawa Kazuyuki , Kitazawa Kaoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Using the oxidized ovalbumin, quantitative precipitin reactions were brought forward. There was some difference between the homogeneous reaction and the cross one in the precipitin reaction upon ovalbumin- and oxidized ovalbumih-serum only in the case of the less antigen region. The serological specificity of ovalbumin diminished considerably by the periodate-oxidation.
Studies on Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Ion-Exchange Resin. I. Heat of Wetting
Authors: Matsuura Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The measurement of heats of wetting of strongly acidic and weakly acidic cation exchange resins and strongly basic anion exchange resins was made by a simple method and their great dependence on the adsorbed ion species was found.
(2) The series of heat of wetting with ion forms is almost parallel with the lyotropic series of ions, thus it has been shown that this penomenon has an important relation to the hydration of the ions. The acid form of the weakly acidic resin occupies a special position, and this is attributed to the undissociative nature of carboxylic radical.
(3) The result on the partially wetted samples supports the view that only a few water molecules which may be called “bound water” take part in the heat of wetting or hydration of ions.
(4) A theoretical interpretation based on a few assumptions was attempted and a fair agreement with the experimental results was obtained.
The Thermal Polymerization of Acetylene. On the Formation of Cyclooctatetraene
Authors: Kuri Zenichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
C.O.T. was found polarographically to exist in the thermal polymerization products of acetylene at the flow method. There did not occur any thermal cracking process below the temperature 570°C. on the experimental conditions. The polymerization of acetylene is fundamentally a bimolecular reaction and the dimer is supposed to be cyclobutadiene from the point of view of the steric factors of the reaction. Benzene is formed by the combination of cyclobutadiene and acetylene. C.O.T. is formed by the dimerization of cyclobutadiene; the rate of C.O.T. formation is of the second order in respect of acetylene. The activation energy and frequency factor of the rate is 46900 cal/mol and 1.50×1011 cc. mol−1·sec−1., respectively.
The ratio of yield of C.O.T. and benzene is independent of the pressure of acetylene and dependent of the temperature. In order to increase the ratio the activation energy E1 must be lowered. The high yield of C.O.T. in the Reppe reaction was considered qualitatively.
Reactivity of Coke. II. Effects of Heat Treatment of Cokes on Their Specific Surface Areas and Absolute Specific Reaction Rates with Carbon Dioxide at 950°C
Authors: Kawana Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of heat treatment of cokes on their specific surface areas and absolute specific reaction rates of cokes with carbon dioxide at 950°C have been obtained by the same procedure as stated in the first paper.
Generally, the specific surface area of cokes decreases with heat treatment temperature, and the values for cokes from non-caking coals are much greater than those for cokes from caking coals in lower heat treatment temperatures, and there is a close relationship between the manner of decrease of the specific surface area of coke by heat treatment and the caking property of the original coal.
The changes by heat treatment of absolute specific reaction rates of cokes with carbon dioxide at 950°C are very irregular for all the temperatures. There are some effects, which are much greater than those of the difference of the crystallographic structure of cokes, on the absolute specific reaction rates of cokes with carbon dioxide. These effects have been assumed as the catalytic effects of the ash in coke, which may also be larger than those of the surface area of coke on the reactivity of coke.
Studies on Nitration of Furan Derivatives. Part I. On the Nitration of Furan-carboxylic Acid
Authors: Sasaki Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From the preparative point of view, the nitration of furan-carboxylic acid after sulfonation was studied with the following results:
(1) In order to obtain nitrofuran-carboxylic acid, the nitration of furan-carboxylic acid after sulfonation was carried out without separating the sulfonation product at several temperatures and the yield at 0° was about 32%, the highest ever known.
(2) In order to obtain nitrofuran-sulfonic acid, indirect nitration of sulfofurancarboxylic acid should be carried out at a low temperature, such as below 10°; the yield of which amounts to 20–22%. However, in this case, nitrofuran-carboxylic acid is produced simultaneously as a by-product.
(3) When the nitration of sulfofuran-carboxylic acid was carried out by using acetic anhydride and fuming nitric acid, nitrofurancarboxylic acid and dinitrofuran were obtained, but not nitrofuran-sulfonic acid. This showed that desulfo-nitrosubstitution took place more easily than decarboxy-nitrosubstitution.
Studies on Nitration of Furan Derivatives. Part II. On the Nitration of Furfurylidene-type Compounds
Authors: Sasaki Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The nitration, by using both fuming nitric acid mixed with acetic anhydride and fuming nitric acid alone, was carried out on 13 kinds of furfurylidene compounds,
C4H3O–CR1R2.
(1) These furfurylidene-type compounds in which R1 and R2 are electro-groups are stable against both acidic reagents and can be nitrated without formation of the nitration intermediate.
(2) In the case qf a group being—CHO or—COCH3, the nitration temperature must be kept low enough to avoid decomposition.
On the Distribution and Variation of Nutrient Salts in the Adjacent Water to the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific
Authors: Fukai Rinnosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The author was engaged in the oceanographical observations carried out in a region adjacent to the Aleutian Islands in 1952 and obtained a number of data, on which the present discussions are based.
As the results, slight differences in distributions of nitrate-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphorus and silicate-silicon were found between the northern and southern areas separated by the Aleutian Ridge, although distributions are almost the same in the two areas.
Characteristic features in distributions of these nutrient salts are that the high concentrations were found even in the surface layer, increasing further with maximum gradients in depths within 100–300m.
The ratios of N:P in the region under study are lower than the normal ratio given by Cooper; and deficiencies in dissolved oxygen were recognized in the subsurface layers. These facts seem to be related to the characteristics of the decomposition processes in the Aleutian region.
On the basis of the rate of phosphate consumption in the upper layers, the net production rate has been computed by introducing some simplifying assumptions; and has obtained the value of 56 mg. C/m3/day. This value is considered to be reliable, since it coincides with that derived from Riley’s data and with that calculated from the data concerning the diurnal variations of dissolved oxygen.
Theory of Substitution in Conjugated Molecules
Authors: Fukui Kenichi , Yonezawa Teijiro , Nagata Chikayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A theory concerning the mechanism of substitution in conjugated molecules is stated. The energy of the whole system is divided into σ- and π-parts. When certain relations hold between some integrals of σ-electrons, the σ-part of the energy of the system has a maximum in the process of the reaction, by which the transition state is defined. In the transition state a hyperconjugation may take place between the initial π-electron system and the pseudo-π-orbital in the vicinity of the reaction center. By means of the perturbation method, the π-part of the energy of the system involving the pseudo-π-orbital is obtained. The perturbation energy is always negative and by the magnitude of its absolute value, the reactivity of conjugated molecules can be discussed in a definite type of reaction with a definite reagent. From an approximate expression of this perturbation energy, the frontier electron theory is derived, which has previously been proposed by the present authors, whose coincidence with chemical experiences has already been ascertained. The mechanism stated above, therefore may supply us with a key to grasp a feature of the transition state and at the same time may present us with a physical meaning of the frontier electron theory.
On the Synthesis of 8-Hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Inoue Akira , Sugiura Michio , Tsuzuki Yojiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) 8-Sulfoquinoline has been obtained with a yield of 80.3% by sulfonating quinoline with 50% oleum at 140°C for 2 hrs.
2) 8-Hydroxyquinoline has been synthesized by fusing 1 mole of 8-sulfoquinoline with 9 moles of NaOH at 300-315°C for 10 to 15 minutes, decomposing the with dilute sulfuric acid, neutralizing with sodium hydroxide and soda to a pH 7.2, and by distilling with steam for 1.5 hrs. The remaining 8-hydroxyquinoline in the residue and in the filtrate was collected in the form of its copper salt. The highest yield of 8-hydroxyquinoline including its copper salt was 84.14%.
3) Copper 8-hydroxyquinolinate has been obtained with a yield of nearly 100% by heating 8-hydroxyquinoline with 0.86 times its weight of crystalline copper sulfate together with a large quantity of water at 80° to 100°C.
A Microphotographic Research on Salt System: NaNO2–KNO3
Authors: Sakai Kaoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The phase diagram of the NaNO2–KNO3 system was constructed by the thermal analysis and the electric conductivity measurements. The solidus on the whole is the same as found by Kagan.
(2) By the microphotographic method it was ascertained that this system belongs to a case of soild solution just as Kagan had inferred and that the nature of dendrite crystals in solid solution of the salts closely resembles those of alloys and devitrified glass.
(2) By the improved technique the microphotographic method of studying salt systems has now become able to apply to almost all salt systems.
Polarographic Diffusion Current Observed with Square Wave Voltage. III. Applications of the Theory
Authors: Kambara Tomihito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The theoretical treatment given in the previous works on the electrolysis with square wave voltage is here applied to the elucidation of experimental results. Thus the experiment by Madame Fournier is satisfactorily explained, and further the findings obtained with Kalousek’s and Ishibashi-Fuji-naga’s apparatus are also rationally clarified.
Terminally Phenylated Conjugated Unsaturated Ketones II. Silver Acetate on Dibenzylidenecycloalkanone Tetrabromides
Authors: Yeh Ping-Yuan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The action of silver acetate on 2,6-dibenzylidenecyclohexanone tetrabromide and 2,5-dibenzylidenecyclopentanone tetrabromide was studied.
Studies on Santonin. II. Experiments on the Synthesis of Santonin. Part II. Preparation of a Stereoisomeride of Santonin
Authors: Matsui Masanao , Toki Katsuyuki , Kitamura Seiichi , Suzuki Yoshio , Hamuro Michiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new isomeride of santonin, santonin C, was synthesized. The route consists of condensation of 2,3,4,5,6,10-hexahydro-2-oxo-1,10-dimethyl-naphthalene and diethyl methylmalonate, hydrolysis, bromination and dehydrobromination by lutidine.
Critical Concentration for Micelle Formation and its Aggregation Number in Aqueous Solutions of Paraffin Chain Salts
Authors: Shinoda Kozo , Kinoshita Kyoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The cylindrical double layer model for the micelle was adopted and the aggregation number was calculated by the condition that ∂2En⁄∂2n2=0, and by using the aggregation number given by the above condition, an equation for the critical micelle concentration was derived. This equation shows that the critical micelle concentrations depend on the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chains and not on the kind of gegen-ions of the same valency. Moreover, the effect of added salts, polar oil and nonpolar oil on the aggregation number and on the critical micelle concentration in aqueous solution of paraffin chain salts was discussed qualitatively.
Quantitative Separation of Copper by Thiourea from Homogeneous Solution
Authors: Washizuka Shigenari 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Quantitative separation of copper as sulfide was made from homogeneous solution containing thiourea, together with urea and ammonium chloride. It was found, that with boiling, the solution adjusted to a pH 4.0 in forty minutes or more after the first appearance of black turbidity; the precipitate is obtained in an easily filterable and washable form. Addition of ammonium chloride was found very effective in the presence of some cations. The amount of 10 to 100 mg. of copper could be satisfactorily separated from calcium and magnesium, and the separabilities from nickel, cobalt, zinc, and manganese were examined in the presence of ammonium chloride, and their allowable amount of coexistence in quantitative separation was determined.