bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of mouse heart transcriptomic network sensitive to various heart diseases
Authors: Hong Seong‐Eui , Park Inju , Cha Hyeseon , Rho Seong‐Hwan , Park Woo Jin , Cho Chunghee , Kim Do Han 
Published: March 2008

AbstractExploring biological systems from highly complex datasets is an important task for systems biology. The present study examined co‐expression dynamics of mouse heart transcriptome by spectral graph clustering (SGC) to identify a heart transcriptomic network. SGC of microarray data produced 17 classified biological conditions (called condition spectrum, CS) and co‐expression patterns by generating bi‐clusters. The results showed dynamic co‐expression patterns with a modular structure enriched in heart‐related CS (CS‐1 and ‐13) containing abundant heart‐related microarray data. Consequently, a mouse heart transcriptomic network was constructed by clique analysis from the gene clusters exclusively present in the heart‐related CS; 31 cliques were used for constructing the network. The participating genes in the network were closely associated with important cardiac functions (e. g., development, lipid and glycogen metabolisms). Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database indicates that mutations of the genes in the network induced serious heart diseases. Many of the tested genes in the network showed significantly altered gene expression in an animal model of hypertrophy. The results suggest that the present approach is critical for constructing a heart‐related transcriptomic network and for deducing important genes involved in the pathogenesis of various heart diseases.
Mining marine shellfish wastes for bioactive molecules: Chitin and chitosan – Part B: Applications
Authors: Hayes Maria , Carney Brian , Slater John , Brück Wolfram 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDue to their unique chemical characteristics (including biodegradability to non‐toxic products, physiological inertness and hydrophilicity), chitin, chitosan and their derivatives may be expansively utilized in the biotechnological, agricultural, food protection and nutraceutical, medicinal and pharmacological fields and in the areas of bioremediation and gene therapy. Biological actions associated with chitin and shell waste by‐products include among others antibacterial, angiotensin‐1‐converting enzyme‐inhibitory and immunomodulatory activities, while the chitinolytic microbes and enzymes associated with chitinolysis also play a role in the de novo generation of further bioactivites. In Part B of this review we relate in more detail some of the bioactivities and applications of chitin and shell waste by‐products.
Management of early rectal cancer
Authors: Tytherleigh M G , Warren B F , McC. Mortensen N J 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundEarly rectal cancer (ERC) is adenocarcinoma that has invaded into, but not extended beyond, the submucosa of the rectum (that is a T1 tumour). Local excision is curative for low-risk ERCs but for high-risk cancers such management is controversial.MethodsThis review is based on published literature obtained by searching the PubMed and Cochrane databases, and the bibliographies of extracted articles.Results and conclusionERC presents as a focus of malignancy within an adenoma, as a polyp, or as a small ulcerating adenocarcinoma. Preoperative staging relies on endorectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Pathological staging uses the Haggitt and Kikuchi classifications for adenocarcinoma in pedunculated and sessile polyps respectively. Lymph node metastases increase with the Kikuchi level, with a 1–3 per cent risk for submucosal layer (Sm) 1, 8 per cent for Sm2 and 23 per cent for Sm3 lesions. Low-risk ERCs may be treated endoscopically or by a transanal procedure. Transanal excision or transanal endoscopic microsurgery may be inadequate for high-risk ERCs and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may be appropriate. There is a low rate of recurrence after local surgery for low-risk ERCs but this increases to up to 29 per cent for high-risk cancers.
Comparison of different extraction methods for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in kiwi fruit using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Cho Soon‐Kil , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Jeon Hyang‐Rang , Choi Jeong‐Heui , Shin Ho‐Chul , Shim Jae‐Han 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe methods of simultaneous extraction of iprodione, chlorpyrifos‐methyl, EPN and endosulfan (with its metabolites) from kiwi fruit using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) were tested and compared in terms of their of limits of detection and quantification, as well as the highest pesticide recoveries with the lowest residues in the final extracts. The analysis was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode. The proposed methods featured good sensitivity, pesticide quantification limits were low enough, and the precision (expressed as relative standard deviations) ranged from 0.56 to 7.17%. The recoveries obtained from ASE, SFE and LLE were 77.5–120, 71.9–109.1 and 75.6–127.1%, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the monitoring of the selected pesticide residues in kiwi fruit samples collected from Jollanamdo area, Republic of Korea. Iprodione was detected at a level lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) established by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (5 ppm), while EPN was detected at a level higher than the Korea Food and Drug Administration MRL (0.1 ppm) in the real samples. The proposed sample preparations led to a higher preconcentration of the pesticide fraction, and allowed the sensitive and selective determination of pesticides with varied physicochemical properties in kiwi fruit. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Top 10 securitizable loan negotiations
Authors: Pressman Gregory P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFrom a borrower's point of view, what drives many loan negotiations is a tension between, on the one hand, the attractive pricing that the liquidity of the capital markets enables securitizing lenders to offer (when compared with their portfolio lender competition), versus, on the other hand, added up‐front structuring requirements and increased ongoing ‘policing’ of and constraints on the borrower's property operations, compounded by the arguably less‐responsive servicing that borrowers occasionally view as the price of doing real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC)‐destined deals. This first part of the series highlights key issues regarding (1) matters that set the tone for subsequent negotiations by influencing the parties' relative negotiating leverage from early stages of the deal; (2) the extent of and limits on pre‐funding due diligence and (similarly) life‐of‐loan monitoring; (3) the non‐recourse carveouts; (4) transfer restrictions; and (5) bankruptcy remoteness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of surfactants on deformation of falling non‐Newtonian drops in a Newtonian liquid
Authors: Rodrigue Denis 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDeformation of settling non‐Newtonian ellipsoidal drops in a Newtonian liquid was experimentally observed. Corn oil was used as the Newtonian phase and solutions of polyacrylamide in aqueous glycerine as the non‐Newtonian phase. The shear‐thinning behaviour of the drops fluid was controlled by the amount of polymer dissolved, while the effect of interfacial tension was examined using different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). In the range of 1 < E < 2.9, 0.2 < Eo, < 23, and 0 < Ma < 17.2, drop eccentricity increased linearly with a modified Eötvös number taking into account the effect of surfactants. For the range of experimental conditions tested, drop deformation was mainly controlled by viscous and interfacial tension forces, while shear‐thinning and inertia effects were negligible.
Solids suspension agitation in square tanks
Authors: Mitchell Emily T. , Myers Kevin J. , Janz Eric E. , Fasano Julian B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Zwietering correlation for the just‐suspended speed has been modified to include baffling and geometric effects (impeller‐to‐tank diameter ratio and impeller off‐bottom clearance) for two impeller types (high‐efficiency and pitched‐blade). Baffles are generally not required when using square tanks although they improve solids suspension performance of pitched‐blade turbines. Comparison of square tank solids suspension to that in a fully baffled cylindrical tank has also been made. Very little difference was observed in the power number, but the just‐suspended speed, torque, and power requirements were higher in the square tank.
Mixing characteristics of irregular binaries in a promoted gas–solid fluidized bed: A mathematical model
Authors: Sahoo A. , Roy G. K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe vertical as well as horizontal dispersion for the gas–solid fluidization has been analyzed in the present work. The fluidization and solids mixing characteristics of large irregular particles (Geldart‐BD type) for both homogeneous and heterogeneous materials (size‐variant and density‐variant respectively) have been investigated in a 15 × 100 cm2 cylindrical column. A theoretical model for concentration of jetsam particles has been developed as a function of height of any layer of particles (measured from the grid) by considering the counterflow of solids and circulation model together with the dispersion model for the vertical and the horizontal displacement of the particles in the fluidized bed. The mixing index at any position in the bed has thereby been expressed as a function of the concentration of the jetsam. The values of mixing index calculated from the above model as well as the experimentally measured ones for both the homogeneous and the heterogeneous systems have been compared with each other. Attempt has also been made to develop correlations for the mixing index using various system parameters based on the dimensional analysis approach for the unpromoted and the promoted beds. The mixing index values thus obtained through the dimensional analysis approach have been compared with those obtained from the developed theoretical model. The values of the mixing index calculated for promoted beds have also been compared with the corresponding values for the unpromoted beds. Segregation effect is found to be stronger for the heterogeneous systems than the homogeneous ones. The density difference is the major factor affecting the segregation.
The first law of thermodynamics and energy partition in the presence of fields
Authors: Zimmels Y. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe first law of thermodynamics in the presence of fields is considered. The presence of fields gives rise to partition of the internal energy between field and nonfield energy forms, that are characterized as state functions. Field‐dependent components of work and heat are defined with respect to their being delivered at the boundaries, or directly, by action at a distance, to the contents of the system. Interaction energy, that accounts for effects of changes in the sources of the fields is defined. The first law of thermodynamics in the presence of fields states that the change in the sum of the field and nonfield components, of the internal energy, is equal to the change in the sum of the field and nonfield components of heat and work, delivered to the system, and the interaction energy, due to changes in the sources of the field. The equivalence between potential energy and work in conjugate frames of reference facilitates the incorporation of the interaction energy as part of the field‐dependent internal energy. In this context, the significance of the degree of coupling between the field and the contents of the system, in conjunction with their thermodynamic variables, is discussed. Intensive field‐dependent variables that maintain uniformity, at equilibrium, in the absence as well as in the presence of fields, are defined. In contrast, nonfield and field components of these intensive variables can be nonuniform, and discontinuous across interfaces, at equilibrium. The implication of the theory is illustrated by specific cases that involve electromagnetic and acceleration fields. Energy partition in acceleration fields is shown to depend on mass distribution within the system. A change in position, or in the source of the field produce changes in mass distribution and energy partition. Partition of magnetic and nonmagnetic energy forms, and field‐induced heat flow and energy storage are considered. It is shown that for linear matter, the energy per unit volume stored in the field is invariable with respect to the process and work that produce the field vectors, the balance being stored in other nonfield energy forms. Finally, expressions for field‐induced temperature and energy changes in an ideal magnetizable gas are derived. It is shown that isothermal magnetization produces a shift in the partition between the field and nonfield parts of the internal energy.
Kinetics studies of ketazine formation: Effect of temperature and catalyst concentration
Authors: Kaur Raminder , Machiraju Ramakrishna , Nigam K. D. P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFormation of methyl ethyl ketazine is a distinct case of homogeneous catalyzed gas–liquid–liquid reactions. Kinetics studies of methyl ethyl ketazine formation has been carried out in a semi‐batch reactor. The effects of temperature and catalyst concentration on the percentage yield of ketazine have been studied extensively. The yield of ketazine is found to increase with increase in temperature and then levels off. Increase in catalyst concentration favours the formation of ketazine. The conversion of peroxide is found to increase with increase in temperature thus indicating that chemical reaction is rate‐limiting step in the system. The desired temperature for carrying out the reaction is found to be 60°C and the required catalyst to peroxide ratio is 2.5. The activation energy for the reaction is 24.5 kJ/mol.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Kiewe Philipp , Fischer Lars , Martus Peter , Thiel Eckhard , Korfel Agnieszka 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.This retrospective, single‐center study assessed the feasibility, outcome, and late side effects of the treatment of immunocompetent patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) at the authors' institution.METHODS.All 72 consecutive patients diagnosed with PCNSL between January 1994 and February 2005 were scheduled to receive high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX)‐based chemotherapy.RESULTS.The median age of the patients was 62 years and the median Karnofsky performance score (KPS) was 70. Twelve patients did not receive HDMTX‐based chemotherapy because of poor physical condition or renal insufficiency. Of the 60 patients treated with HDMTX‐based chemotherapy, the treatment of 9 was followed with whole‐brain irradiation. Of 54 patients who were evaluable for response, 35 (65%) responded (52% with a complete response and 13% with a partial response), and 19 patients (35%) did not. At a median follow‐up of 58.7 months, the median progression‐free survival was 9 months and the median overall survival (OAS) was 41.4 months. According to the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prognosis score, patients could be divided into 3 groups with significantly different OAS: 52.9 months for patients aged <50 years, 42.4 months for patients aged ≥50 years and with a KPS >70, and 5.2 months for patients aged ≥50 years and with a KPS <70 (P= .009, log‐rank test).CONCLUSIONS.Promising long‐term results could be achieved with HDMTX‐based chemotherapy in patients with PCNSL in this monocenter study. The MSKCC score proved useful for predicting survival. Cancer 2008; 112:1812–20. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Establishing treatment benchmarks for mammography‐screened breast cancer population based on a review of evidence‐based clinical guidelines
Authors: Delaney Geoff , Shafiq Jesmin , Chappell Genevieve , Barton Michael 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.No benchmarks exist in the screened breast cancer population to establish the optimal proportions of newly detected cancer patients who should receive the ideal treatment. The aim of the study was to estimate the optimal proportion of cases diagnosed in a breast‐screening program who should receive treatment according to evidence‐based cancer treatment guidelines and to compare these optimal rates with actual treatment rates.METHODS.Optimal surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy utilization trees were constructed based on indications from evidence‐based treatment guidelines. The proportions with clinical attributes that indicated a possible benefit from a particular treatment were obtained from epidemiologic data from BreastScreen Victoria. The optimal proportions of screen‐detected breast cancer patients who should receive various therapies were then calculated using TreeAge software and compared with the actual proportions obtained from the epidemiologic data.RESULTS.According to the best available evidence, the proportion of screen‐detected breast cancer patients who have attributes suitable for various treatments are: breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) 85%, mastectomy 15%, radiotherapy 87%, chemotherapy 34%, and hormonal therapy 68%. The actual BCS utilization rate in Victoria was similar to the optimal rate (79% vs 85%), whereas there appeared to be underuse of radiotherapy (62% vs 87%), chemotherapy (19% vs 34%), and hormonal therapy (49% vs 68%) when compared with guideline recommendations.CONCLUSIONS.This research provided optimal treatment utilization rates for screen‐detected breast cancer and a comparison of best practice evidence and actual treatment. The results showed comparable rates for surgery but suggested underutilization of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
CYP1A1, SULT1A1, and SULT1E1 polymorphisms are risk factors for endometrial cancer susceptibility
Authors: Hirata Hiroshi , Hinoda Yuji , Okayama Naoko , Suehiro Yutaka , Kawamoto Ken , Kikuno Nobuyuki , Rabban Joseph T , Chen Lee May , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.In estrogen biosynthetic pathways, many enzymes are important for metabolism, detoxification, and bioavailability. Polymorphisms in these genes may have an effect on the enzymes' function. For example, higher expression and activation of biosynthetic enzymes and lower expression and activation of conjugation enzymes may lead to high toxicity or carcinogenesis. The authors hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP17, SULT1A1, SULT1E1, and SHBG genes may be risk factors for endometrial cancer.METHODS.DNA samples from 150 cases of endometrial cancer and healthy controls (n = 165) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) to determine the genotypic frequency of 13 different polymorphic loci on the CYP1A1 (m1, m2, m3, m4), CYP1A2 1F, CYP1B1 codon432, COMT codon158, CYP17, SULT1A1 (Arg213His, 14A/G, 85C/T in the 3′ flanking region), SULT1E1‐64G/A promoter region, and SHBG genes. Genotyping was validated by direct DNA sequencing. The authors also investigated the relation between expression of CYP1A1 in endometrial cancer tissues and genotypes of CYP1A1 m1.RESULTS.A decreased frequency of TC + CC genotype of the CYP1A1 m1 (T/C) polymorphism was observed in endometrial cancer patients compared with controls (OR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.27–0.69). The T‐A haplotype of CYP1A1 m1 and m2 was increased in endometrial cancer patients (P = .017). The frequency of CYP1A1 m1 T/C + C/C was higher in a high CYP1A1 expression group (P = .009). The authors also found that individuals carrying the variants of SULT1A1 codon213 and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3′ flanking region (14A/G and 85C/T) had an increased risk for endometrial cancer. The frequencies of G‐A‐C and A‐G‐T haplotypes of these 3 variants were higher in endometrial cancer patients (P < .0001; P = .0002). In addition, the frequency of combined genotypes (SULT1A1 213 GA + AA and CYP1A1 m1 TT) was higher in endometrial cancer patients. (OR, 4.58; 95% CI, 2.35–8.93).CONCLUSIONS.This is the first report on the combined association of CYP1A1 and SULT gene polymorphisms in endometrial cancer that suggests a decreased single nucleotide polymorphism of CYP1A1 and an increased single nucleotide polymorphism for SULT1A1 and SULT1E1 genes may be risk factors for endometrial cancer in Caucasians. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Phase II study of topotecan in combination with dexamethasone, asparaginase, and vincristine in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first relapse
Authors: Hijiya Nobuko , Stewart Clinton F. , Zhou Yinmei , Campana Dario , Coustan‐Smith Elaine , Rivera Gaston K. , Relling Mary V. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Gajjar Amar 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The authors evaluated the response rate, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of topotecan given before standard induction therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first relapse.METHODS.Patients received topotecan (2.4 mg/m2daily as a 30‐minute infusion) for 5 days before induction therapy with dexamethasone, vincristine, and asparaginase (native or pegylatedEscherichia coli). The pharmacokinetics of topotecan were measured with the first dose of treatment in 23 patients.RESULTS.Twenty‐eight of 31 patients with circulating blast cells were evaluable for response to topotecan. Twenty‐five patients (89.3%) had a response (>25% decrease in circulating blast cells). The leukocyte count (P= .0001) and blast cell count (P= .0009) declined significantly during topotecan therapy. The median (range) topotecan lactone area under the concentration‐time curve after the first dose was 85.4 L/hour/m2(range, 38.7–229.3 L/hour/m2). At the end of induction, 23 patients (74.2%) had a complete response, 1 patient (3.2%) had a partial response, 5 patients (16.1%) had no response, and 2 patients had died of infection. Six of the 17 patients who were studied for minimal residual disease (MRD) achieved MRD‐negative status at the end of induction. The main toxicities were hematologic, gastrointestinal, and hepatic. The estimated 5‐year survival rate, event‐free survival rate, and cumulative incidence of second relapse were 24.1% ± 7.9%, 18.2% ± 7.4%, and 22.8% ± 8.7%, respectively, in the 29 patients who had a hematologic first relapse.CONCLUSIONS.A regimen comprising single‐agent topotecan given with a standard 3‐drug combination was effective in inducing remission in pediatric patients with relapsed ALL and was tolerated well. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.