bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discontinuous Galerkin methods for periodic boundary value problems
Authors: Vemaganti Kumar 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article considers the extension of well‐known discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element formulations to elliptic problems with periodic boundary conditions. Such problems routinely appear in a number of applications, particularly in homogenization of composite materials. We propose an approach in which the periodicity constraint is incorporated weakly in the variational formulation of the problem. Both H1 and L2 error estimates are presented. A numerical example confirming theoretical estimates is shown. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
Clonal analysis favours a monoclonal origin for serous borderline tumours with peritoneal implants
Authors: Sieben NL , Roemen GMJM , Oosting J , Fleuren GJ , van Engeland M , Prat J 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSerous borderline tumours (SBTs) of the ovary were originally classified as such because the vast majority behave in a remarkably indolent manner, even in the presence of widespread tumour deposits, termed implants, and/or lymph node involvement. The pathogenesis of the implants is currently unknown. Two major hypotheses have been proposed: the first favours a monoclonal origin, arguing that the peritoneal lesions derive from neoplastic cells that are shed from the primary ovarian tumour. The second hypothesis favours a polyclonal origin as a result of a field defect of susceptible Müllerian cells from which multiple independent tumours arise. To test both hypotheses, genome‐wide allelotyping and B‐RAF/K‐RAS mutation analyses were employed to assess clonality in 25 metachronous or synchronous tumours from ten SBT patients. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiling and K‐RAS/B‐RAF mutation analysis showed concordance of the genetic changes in all sites in 21 tumours from eight patients who were informative. These results favour a common origin, underscored by a likelihood ratio (probability of common origin/probability of independent origin) ranging from 2.43 to 7 662 850. In conclusion, this study strongly supports the hypothesis that both non‐invasive and invasive implants arise as a consequence of spread from a single ovarian site. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome of children treated with preradiation chemotherapy for a high‐grade glioma: Results of a French Society of Pediatric Oncology (SFOP) pilot study
Authors: Chastagner P. , Kalifa C. , Doz F. , Bouffet E. , Gentet J.C. , Ruchoux M.M. , Bracard S. , Desandes E. , Frappaz D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy of BCNU, cisplatin, and vincristine (BCV regimen) in a prospective nonrandomized study among newly diagnosed children with high‐grade glioma.ProcedureFollowing surgery, patients received a combination of BCNU + cisplatin + VP16 (BCV), over 3 consecutive days. Patients with residual tumor continued this regimen unless no further improvement was observed on MRI, for a maximum of six courses. Patients who underwent complete surgical resection received six courses of adjuvant BCV.ResultsSeventy‐three patients were enrolled. Out of 66 eligible patients with central pathology review, the diagnosis of high‐grade glioma was confirmed in 53 cases. The response rate was 20%. With a median follow‐up of 128 months, 5‐ and 10‐year event free survival rates are 16 ± 9 and 13.3 ± 9.4%. In univariate analysis, two prognostic factors were statistically significant: extent of resection and tumor location, while macroscopic total resection was the only significant prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis. The response to BCV did not translate into improved event free survival. Interstitial pneumonitis occurred in seven patients, leading to six deaths.ConclusionThis BCV regimen could not be recommended in the treatment of high‐grade gliomas in children, according to its lack of efficacy and its unacceptable pulmonary toxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:803–807. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functionalization of CNT: synthesis and applications in photovoltaics and biology
Authors: Campidelli Stéphane , Klumpp Cédric , Bianco Alberto , Guldi Dirk M. , Prato Maurizio 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHere, we review part of the work carried out in our laboratories on carbon nanotube functionalization. Both covalent (sidewall derivatization) and non‐covalent (using π‐π interactions) functionalization have been used to solubilize carbon nanotubes (NTs). The combination of NTs with various electron donors, mainly using the supramolecular approach, led to a new generation of donor‐acceptor nanohybrids which can be used for the development of carbon‐based photovoltaic cells. Covalent functionalization has been successfully applied for preparation of water soluble nanotubes and further derivatization of the nanotubes with bioactive molecules hold great promise for application in drug, vaccine and gene delivery. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembled, wormlike‐cylinder network of polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) micelles in solution
Authors: Bhargava Prachur , Zheng Joseph X. , Quirk Roderic P. , Cheng Stephen Z. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe report the formation of a highly entangled and interconnected, self‐assembled, wormlike‐cylinder network of polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) in N, N‐dimethylformamide/water. In this system, N,N‐dimethylformamide was a common solvent and water was a selective solvent for the poly(ethylene oxide) blocks. The degrees of polymerization of the polystyrene and poly(ethylene oxide) blocks were 962 and 227, respectively. The network was formed at copolymer concentrations higher than 0.4 wt % and consisted of self‐assembled, wormlike cylinders that were interconnected by Y‐shaped, T‐shaped, and multiple junctions. The network morphology was visualized with transmission electron microscopy. Capillary viscometry measurements revealed an order‐of‐magnitude increase in the inherent viscosity of the colloidal system upon the formation of the network. A similar effort to obtain a wormlike‐cylinder network in an N,N‐dimethylformamide/acetonitrile system, in which acetonitrile was a selective solvent for the poly(ethylene oxide) blocks, was unsuccessful even at high copolymer concentrations; instead, the wormlike cylinders showed a tendency to align. The viscosity measurements also did not show a substantial increase in the inherent viscosity. Thus, the solvent played a critical role in determining the formation of the self‐assembled, wormlike‐cylinder network. This formation of the network resulted from an interplay between the end‐capping energy, bending energy (curvature), and configurational entropy of the self‐assembled, wormlike‐cylinder micelles that minimized the free energy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3605–3611, 2006
Orientational anisotropy of bead‐spring star chains during creep process
Authors: Matsumiya Yumi , Inoue Tadashi , Oishi Yohei , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe bead‐spring model for star chains (Rouse–Ham model) is a fundamental model for the polymer dynamics. Despite the importance of this model, its dynamics under the stress‐controlled condition was not analyzed so far. For completeness of the model, the equation of motion of the Rouse–Ham chain was solved to derive an analytical expression of the orientation function S(n,t) for the stress‐controlled creep process. This expression indicated that the segments near the free end of the star arm exhibit overshoot of their orientational anisotropy to compensate for the slow growth of the anisotropy near the branching point and that the distribution of the anisotropy along the arm contour becomes more heterogeneous with increasing arm number f. This correlation/interplay of the segments at different locations along the arm, not seen under the strain‐controlled condition, is a natural consequence of the constant‐stress requirement during the creep process. The corresponding interplay was noted also for respective Rouse–Ham eigenmodes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3501–3517, 2006
Interdependent anxiety and psychological distress in women with breast cancer and their partners
Authors: Segrin Chris , Badger Terry , Dorros Sybilla M. , Meek Paula , Lopez Ana Maria 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the extent of interdependence on anxiety within dyads where one person was undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Perceptions of relationship quality were expected to mitigate the anxiety experienced by both members of the dyad. 96 dyads participated in a 3‐wave longitudinal study that took place over 10 weeks. Dyads were composed of a woman with stage I–III breast cancer who was currently undergoing treatment, and a partner who she nominated to participate in the study along with her. Results indicated that anxiety felt by women with breast cancer was consistently associated with that of her partner. Structural equation analyses suggest that the within‐dyad influence runs mostly from partners' anxiety to the anxiety of women with breast cancer. Partners' anxiety was also associated with other indicators of the women's well being including depression, fatigue, and symptom management. Perceptions of relationship quality from women with breast cancer and their partners were negatively associated with partners' anxiety. However, women's anxiety was only correlated with their partners', but not their own, perceptions of relationship quality. These findings underscore the benefit of having partners who are able to cope with or get help for their own personal distress as women cope with the stress of breast cancer and its treatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alexithymia, coping, and illness behavior correlates of pain experience in cancer patients
Authors: Porcelli Piero , Tulipani Cinzia , Maiello Evaristo , Cilenti Giuseppina , Todarello Orlando 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper aimed to investigate the role played by key psychological factors in the experience of pain in cancer. One hundred and eight consecutive cancer patients were administered validated scales for pain, alexithymia, coping with cancer, and illness behavior. Two groups of patients with (n=45, 42%) and without (n=63, 58%) current pain were compared. Pain was associated to tumor sites and status, poor adjustment to cancer, and higher disease conviction and perception, but not to global alexithymia. However, the component of difficulty identifying feelings (DIF) of the alexithymia construct was significantly higher in pain patients compared to pain‐free patients (t=2.88, p<0.01), constituted one of the independent predictors of pain (r=0.37; β=0.27, p<0.01), and correlated with quality descriptors of pain (r=0.33, p<0.05). The present findings showed for the first time that although alexithymia was not globally related to cancer pain, the DIF component was however associated to pain dimensions, thus suggesting it might be involved in the way patients describe their pain experience, together with maladaptive coping and abnormal illness behavior. Cancer patients experiencing pain should be helped to adopt a more adaptive coping with the disease by identifying more accurately the source of their feelings. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attributions of lung cancer: my own illness is hardly caused by smoking
Authors: Salander Pär 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPeople experiencing unexpected negative events tend to cope with the situation through causal attributions. It seems that having some sort of answer to ‘why‐me’ makes the event less shattering and the world more controllable. We know for example that the great majority of women with breast cancer tend to have clear ideas about its causes. Lung cancer, in contrast to breast cancer, has a well‐known significant cause, as smoking accounts for about 80% of the incidences. This paper deals with the attribution process in lung cancer. It examines how lung cancer patients attribute the cause of their disease and how this relates to an understanding of how people deal with strain. Twenty‐three patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer were consecutively followed by means of repeated interviews throughout the course of the disease. It emerged that among the smokers the most common attribution was ‘don't know’—smoking was not seen as the prime cause of their cancer. This finding is discussed in relation to the few earlier, somewhat contradictory studies that exist; and it is argued that the findings coincide well with the concept of ‘disavowal’, which is deemed to be the central process concerned in dealing with strain. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of anterior knee pain after total hip replacement: a pilot study
Authors: Robertson Claire , Coutts Fiona , Bell Jonathan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. There is no previous research to determine if total hip replacement can lead to anterior knee pain. The idea for the present study came from clinical observation of anterior knee pain (AKP) after total hip replacement, and the objective was to investigate anterior knee pain after total hip replacement. Method. The study used a prospective single‐system design with a convenience sample. Six men and seven women were assessed before and at six weeks after total hip replacement for the presence and degree of AKP, using a step‐down test combined with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Measurements were also taken of leg length, hip and knee motion, thigh circumference and hamstring length using previously validated tests. Results. Eight of thirteen subjects had AKP at six weeks post‐operation. Active knee flexion was reduced post‐operation (p < 0.0007), and proximal, mid‐ and distal thigh circumferences were increased (p < 0.0001). Eleven of 13 subjects demonstrated leg lengthening (p < 0.0001), and 10/11 subjects demonstrated a reduction in passive knee flexion (p < 0.002). All biomechanical data were correlated against the VAS. Although none were statistically significant, both decreased active and passive knee flexion, and increased thigh circumference exhibited the greatest trend with the VAS. Conclusions. The results of the present study cannot be compared to other studies, as there are no previous studies on AKP after total hip replacement. Current outcome measures for total hip replacement do not measure for AKP, although it may potentially hinder full functional recovery. Orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists need to be aware if this is a possible complication of total hip replacement, and hence further research is required to test external validity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are differences in leg length predictive of lateral patello‐femoral pain?
Authors: Carlson Mary , Wilkerson Jerry 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Lateral patello‐femoral pain can shorten an athletic career and generally decrease an individual's physical activity and functional level, such as preventing stair climbing and reducing the ability to rise from a chair. Leg length inequality is associated with patello‐femoral pain. A leg length test that best distinguishes the difference between people who have lateral patello‐femoral pain and those who do not would have clinical utility. The purpose of the present study was, first, to determine if unilateral, lateral patello‐femoral pain was associated with the longer leg when inequality of leg lengths existed and, second, to determine if leg length direct measurement, indirect measurement or quadriceps angle (Q angle) could correctly classify participants according to the presence or absence of patello‐femoral pain. Method. The study used an ex post facto, two‐group quasi‐experimental design. A volunteer sample of 52 participants (14 males, 38 females), ranged in age from 18 to 52 years. Three methods were used to measure leg lengths: palpation meter (PALM) on anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS) while participants maintained centred weight‐bearing position on a high resolution pressure mat; tape measurement from ASIS to medial malleolus (supine); tape measurement from ASIS to lateral malleolus (supine). Additionally, Q angle was measured in supine position. Patellar grind test, medial retinacular and lateral patellar palpation screened for patello‐femoral pain. Results. Logistic regression analysis determined correctness of membership in painful and non‐painful patello‐femoral groups. The PALM method of indirect measurement of leg length differences overall correctly classified approximately 83% of the participants. Tape measure to medial and lateral malleoli as well as Q angle did not yield significant results. Conclusion. The results suggested that the PALM method of measuring leg length differences may have clinical utility in differentiating between patients who are likely to sustain patello‐femoral pain syndrome and those who will not. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of active components of Ginkgo biloba in human urine by capillary high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with on‐line column‐switching purification
Authors: Ding Shujing , Dudley Ed , Chen Lijuan , Plummer Sue , Tang Jiandong , Newton Russell P. , Brenton A. Gareth 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGinkgo biloba is one of the most popular herbal nutritional supplements, with terpene lactones and flavonoids being the two major active components. An on‐line purification high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method was successfully developed for the quantitative determination of flavonoids and terpene lactones excreted in human urine after ingesting the herbal supplement. Satisfactory separation was obtained using a C18 capillary column made in‐house with sample clean‐up and pre‐concentration achieved using a C18 pre‐column with column switching. High selectivity and limits of detection of 1–18 ng/mL were achieved using a selected ion monitoring (SIM) scan in negative ion mode; the on‐line solid‐phase extraction (SPE) recovery of the active components in Ginkgo biloba determined in this study was greater than 75%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feedback stabilization of bifurcations in multivariable nonlinear systems—Part I: equilibrium bifurcations
Authors: Wang Yong , Murray Richard M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUnder certain non‐degeneracy conditions, necessary and sufficient conditions for stabilizability are obtained for multi‐input nonlinear systems possessing a simple equilibrium bifurcation with the critical mode being linearly uncontrollable. Stabilizability is defined as the existence of a sufficiently smooth state feedback such that the bifurcation of the closed‐loop system is a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation, which is equivalent to local asymptotic stability of the system at the bifurcation point. Stabilizability is reduced to the existence of solutions to a third order algebraic inequality, coupled with a quadratic algebraic equation, with the unknowns being the feedback gains. Explicit conditions for the existence of solutions to the algebraic equation and the inequality are derived. Part of the sufficient conditions are equivalent to the rank conditions of augmented matrices. Conditions under which there exists a stabilizing linear feedback law are also derived. The theoretical results are applied to active control of rotating stall in axial compressors using bleed valve as actuator. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bond–Detach Lithography: A Method for Micro/Nanolithography by Precision PDMS Patterning
Authors: Thangawng Abel L. , Swartz Melody A. , Glucksberg Matthew R. , Ruoff Rodney S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe have discovered a micro/nanopatterning technique based on the patterning of a PDMS membrane/film, which involves bonding a PDMS structure/stamp (that has the desired patterns) to a PDMS film. The technique, which we call “bond–detach lithography”, was demonstrated (in conjunction with other microfabrication techniques) by transferring several micro‐ and nanoscale patterns onto a variety of substrates. Bond–detach lithography is a parallel process technique in which a master mold can be used many times, and is particularly simple and inexpensive.
Scanning Probe Microscopy Investigation of Self‐Organized Perylenetetracarboxdiimide Nanostructures at Surfaces: Structural and Electronic Properties
Authors: Palermo Vincenzo , Liscio Andrea , Gentilini Desirée , Nolde Fabian , Müllen Klaus , Samorì Paolo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA scanning probe microscopy investigation of the self‐organization and local electronic properties of spin‐coated ultrathin films of N‐alkyl substituted perylenetetracarboxdiimide (PDI) is described. By carefully balancing the interplay between molecule–molecule and molecule–substrate interactions, PDI is able to form highly ordered supramolecular architectures on flat surfaces from solution. On an electrically insulating yet highly polar surface (mica) PDI forms strongly anisotropic architectures with needlelike structures with lengths of up to a few micrometers. On a conductive yet apolar surface (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite), the competition between the strong molecule–substrate interactions and the intermolecular forces leads to the generation of more disordered structures. The local electronic properties of these architectures are studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy by estimating their surface potential (SP). Quantitative measurements of the SP are obtained by analyzing the experimentally estimated SP data with a computational model, which discriminates between the intrinsic SP and the effect of long‐range tip–surface interactions. The SP of PDI aggregates depends on the structural order at the supramolecular level. Narrow needles of constant width reveal identical SPs independent of length. Wider needles with a polydisperse width distribution exhibit a greater SP.
Longitudinal reference ranges for ductus venosus flow velocities and waveform indices
Authors: Kessler J. , Rasmussen S. , Hanson M. , Kiserud T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectivesSerial Doppler measurements of the ductus venosus are used increasingly for monitoring fetuses at risk of hemodynamic compromise, but existing reference ranges are based on cross‐sectional studies and thus are less suitable for comparison with serial measurements. We aimed to establish longitudinal reference ranges for ductus venosus flow velocities and waveform indices and to provide the necessary terms for calculating conditional reference ranges for serial measurements.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study of 160 low‐risk pregnancies. Pulsed Doppler ultrasound was used to record ductus venosus blood flow velocities at 4‐week intervals from 20–22 weeks of gestation onwards.ResultsWith a success rate of 93%, 547 measurements (four or five in each fetus) were used to establish reference ranges. The time‐averaged maximum velocity was 50 cm/s at 21 weeks of gestation, increased to 60 cm/s at 32 weeks, and remained so until term. Similarly, the peak systolic velocity increased from 59 cm/s at 21 weeks to 71 cm/s at 31 weeks and remained so until term. The end‐diastolic velocity showed a continuous increase from 31 cm/s at 21 weeks to 43 cm/s at 40 weeks. The pulsatility index for veins decreased from 0.57 at 21 weeks to 0.44 at 40 weeks. When conditioned by a previous measurement, the reference ranges for the next observation became narrower and commonly shifted compared with those of the entire population.ConclusionThe new longitudinal reference ranges presented here reflect the development of the ductus venosus flow velocities and velocity indices and are thus appropriate for serial measurements, particularly if conditional terms are included. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.