bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Syntheses and Applications of Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidene and Alkylidyne Catalysts for the Metathesis of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Schrock Richard R. , Czekelius Constantin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboetherification and Carboamination Reactions of γ‐Hydroxy‐ and γ‐Aminoalkenes for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans and Pyrrolidines
Authors: Wolfe John P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in Proton Pump Inhibitors and Management of Acid‐Peptic Disorders
Authors: Jain Kishor S. , Shah Anamik K. , Bariwal Jitender , Shelke Suhas M. , Kale Amol P. , Jagtap Jayshree R. , Bhosale Ashok V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ring Closing Enyne Metathesis: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Villar Helene , Frings Marcus , Bolm Carsten 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient and General Microwave‐Assisted Protocols for the Expedient Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Shipe William D. , Yang Feng , Zhao Zhijian , Wolkenberg Scott E. , Nolt M. Brad , Lindsley Craig W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Peptide Dendrimers as Artificial Enzymes, Receptors, and Drug‐Delivery Agents
Authors: Darbre Tamis , Reymond Jean‐Louis 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Properties of Sequence‐Specific DNA‐Alkylating Pyrrole—Imidazole Polyamides
Authors: Bando Toshikazu , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Dielectric Relaxation Study of Diethylsulfoxide‐Containing Solutions
Authors: Markarian S. A. , Gabrielyan L. S. , Asatryan A. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Technological Advancements for the Detection of and Protection Against Biological and Chemical Warfare Agents
Authors: Eubanks Lisa M. , Dickerson Tobin J. , Janda Kim D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cardiac manifestations of parasitic infections part 1: Overview and immunopathogenesis
Authors: Franco‐Paredes Carlos , Rouphael Nadine , Méndez José , Folch Erik , Rodraíguez‐Morales Alfonso J. , Santos José Ignacio , Hurst J. W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractParasitic infections produce a wide spectrum of cardiac manifestations. They may involve various anatomic structures of the heart and are manifested clinically as myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, pericarditis, or pulmonary hypertension in many resource‐constrained settings. However, many parasitic infections involving the heart may also be currently diagnosed in developed countries due to growing worldwide travel, blood transfusions, and increasing numbers of immunosuppression states such as organ transplantation, use of immunosuppressive agents, or HIV/AIDS. Clinicians anywhere in the globe need to be aware of the potential cardiac manifestations of parasitic diseases. This is part one of a three‐part series discussing parasites of the heart. In this section, we provide a general overview and immunopathogenesis of parasitic infections of the heart. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic syndrome in African Americans: Implications for preventing coronary heart disease
Authors: Clark Luther T. , El‐Atat Fadi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome represents a specific clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the same individual (abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, a prothrombotic state, and a proinflammatory state). Almost 50 million American adults (about one in four) have the metabolic syndrome, which puts them at increased risk for the development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. African Americans, especially African‐American women, have a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. This is attributable mainly to the disproportionate occurrence in African Americans of elevated blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. Management of the metabolic syndrome consists primarily of modification or reversal of the root causes (overweight/obesity and physical inactivity) and therapy to reduce or control the risk factors. Although all components of the metabolic syndrome should be addressed, optimal control of atherogenic dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure may reduce cardiovascular risk by more than 80%. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium: contemporary Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Chrissoheris Michael P. , Ali Ronan , Vivas Yoel , Marieb Mark , Protopapas Zenon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNoncompaction of the ventricular myocardium is a rare form of cardiomyopathy that has been described since the early 1990s. However, noncompaction remains frequently overlooked, in part due to the limited awareness of its unique clinical and imaging characteristics. Contemporary diagnosis has been facilitated by the introduction of specific morphologic criteria by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance. Management issues revolve around the management of heart failure, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic events in order to prevent the significant morbidity and even mortality that has been associated with this entity. Finally, the genetics of noncompaction have been diverse and an issue of clinical importance as it relates to screening of first‐degree relatives of affected patients. Two recent cases are presented and many of the contemporary issues in diagnosis and management, based on an extensive review of the literature, are addressed. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for axonemal distortion during the flagellar beat of Chlamydomonas
Authors: Lindemann Charles B. , Mitchell David R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn order to understand the working mechanism that governs the flagellar beat it is essential to know if the axoneme undergoes distortion during the course of the beat cycle. The rapid fixation method employed by Mitchell was able to preserve the waveform of Chlamydomonas flagella much as it appears during normal flagellar beating [Mitchell, Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 2003;56:120–129]. This conservation of the waveform suggests that the stress responsible for the production of bending is also trapped by the fixation procedure. Longitudinal sections of these well‐preserved flagella were used to document variations in the relative axonemal diameter. Sections aligned to the plane of bending, showing both the central pair microtubules and outer doublets, were examined for this purpose. Micrographs were selected that continuously showed both the outer doublets and the central pair from a straight region to a curved region of the flagellum. Axoneme diameters measured from these select micrographs showed an increase in relative diameter that averaged 39 nm greater at the crest of the bent region. This constituted a 24% increase in the axoneme diameter in the bends. The transverse stress acting across the axoneme during bending was calculated from the Geometric Clutch computer model for a simulated Chlamydomonas‐like flagellar beat. If we assume that this is representative of the transverse stress acting in a real flagellum, then the Young's modulus of the intact axoneme is ∼0.02 MPa. The possibility that the distortion of the axoneme during the beat could play a significant role in regulating dynein function is discussed. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethnic variation in return to baseline values of patient‐reported outcomes in older prostate cancer patients
Authors: Jayadevappa Ravishankar , Johnson Jerry C. , Chhatre Sumedha , Wein Alan J. , Malkowicz S. Bruce 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Ethnic variation in patient‐reported outcomes such as health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and satisfaction with care are understudied areas in the management of elderly prostate cancer (PCa) patients.METHODS.In this prospective cohort study, between the years 2002 and 2004, the authors recruited 214 older (≥65 years) men with newly diagnosed PCa from an urban academic hospital and a Veterans Administration hospital. Participants completed generic (SF‐36), prostate‐specific (UCLA‐PCI) HRQoL, and satisfaction with care (CSQ‐8) surveys at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12‐months follow‐up. Clinically significant difference was used to compute return to baseline. The authors compared time to return to baseline HRQoL after controlling for confounding variables by using ANOVA and log‐linear models. Survival curves were used to compare time to return to baseline across ethnicity.RESULTS.Regression analysis revealed that age and marital status, not ethnicity, were independent predictors of radical prostatectomy, rather than radiation treatment. African Americans reported lower HRQoL scores at diagnosis and required a longer time to return to baseline. Log‐linear analysis indicated that African‐American ethnicity was associated with lower 12‐month scores for role physical (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; standard error [SE], 0.40), role emotional (OR, 0.37; SE, 0.43), bodily pain (OR, 0.74; SE, 0.10), urinary function (OR, 0.90; SE, 0.11), and urinary bother (OR, 0.72; SE, 0.17). Both groups reported comparably high levels of satisfaction with care.CONCLUSIONS.African‐American elderly exhibited poorer outcomes and required a longer time to return to baseline HRQoL. These differences highlight the need for discussion with patients and families prior to treatment about expectations and the need for support services post‐treatment. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Epoxidation of (E,E)‐Cinnamylideneacetophenones with Hydrogen Peroxide and Iodosylbenzene with Salen‐MnIII as the Catalyst
Authors: Santos Clementina M. M. , Silva Artur M. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Lévai Albert , Patonay Tamás 
Published: April 2007

Abstract(E,E)‐Cinnamylideneacetophenones 3a–j were epoxidized under mild conditions with Jacobsen's catalyst 4 and hydrogen peroxide or iodosylbenzene as oxidants. γ,δ‐Monoepoxides and a diastereomeric mixture of α,β:γ,δ‐diepoxides were obtained in each case, and only the α,β‐monoepoxide of 4‐nitrocinnamylideneacetophenone (3d) was isolated. The presence of a methyl group in the vinylic moiety of substrates 3i,j allowed the formation of two γ,δ‐monoepoxide diastereomers. The epoxidation of (E,E)‐2′‐hydroxycinnamylideneacetophenones 3h,j led to the formation of the corresponding γ,δ‐monoepoxides as well as (E)‐2,3‐trans‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐styryl‐4‐chromanones, which originated from the in situ cyclisation of 2,3‐epoxy‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐phenyl‐4‐penten‐1‐ones. The structures of all new compounds and the stereochemistry of the mono‐ and diepoxide diastereomers were established by NMR studies. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on Platinum Nanoparticles Combined Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Electrode
Authors: Zhao Kun , Zhuang Shuqi , Chang Zhu , Songm Haiyan , Dai Liming , He Pingang , Fang Yuzhi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA sensitive amperometric glucose biosensor based on platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) combined aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) electrode was investigated. PtNPs which can enhance the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode for electrooxidating hydrogen peroxide by enzymatic reaction were electrocrystallized on 4‐aminobenzene monolayer‐grafted ACNTs electrode by potential‐step method. These PtNPs combined ACNTs' (PtNPs/ACNTs) surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The highly dispersed PtNPs on ACNTs can be obtained. The enzyme electrode exhibits excellent response performance to glucose with linear range from 1×10−5–7×10−3 mol L−1 and fast response time within 5 s. Furthermore, this glucose biosensor also has good reproducibility. It is demonstrated that the PtNPs/ACNTs electrode with high electrocatalytic activity is a suitable basic electrode for preparing enzyme electrodes.
Comparative Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Lyophilized and Nonlyophilized Laccases from Cerrena unicolor Basidiomycete
Authors: Shleev Sergey , Klis Maciej , Wang Yan , Rogalski Jerzy , Bilewicz Renata , Gorton Lo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and kinetic investigations of two preparations of Cerrena unicolor laccase, lyophilized (LLAC) and nonlyophilized frozen enzymes (FLAC), were performed. It was found that the value of the redox potential of the T1 site of C. unicolor laccase is ca. 750 vs. NHE. It was also shown that one of the redox potentials of the T2/T3 cluster of C. unicolor laccase is close to 400 mV, as was previously confirmed for other blue multicopper oxidases, such as trees and fungal laccases, ascorbate oxidase, and bilirubin oxidase. Furthermore, the poor stability of both preparations, but especially of LLAC, in their reduced state was confirmed using mediated and mediatorless spectroelectrochemical studies. DET‐based biocatalytic reduction of O2 by C. unicolor laccase was only obtained, when FLAC was directly adsorbed on a spectrographic graphite electrode. Moreover, only low values of the steady‐state potentials of gold and graphite electrodes modified by C. unicolor laccase were also found. Heterogeneity of the 3‐D structures of laccase molecules, conformational changes, and partial denaturation of the enzyme, which appeared after enzyme isolation, purification, and especially lyophilization, were found to be the reasons for the low bioelectrocatalytic current, the high KM‐value towards O2, and the unusual electrochemical behavior of C. unicolor laccase used in the present study. In spite of the comparable specific activity and long‐term stability of both preparations in homogeneous solution, the stability of immobilized LLAC was found to be inadmissibly low for both fundamental studies and possible electrochemical applications. Indeed, FLAC is a much better source of enzyme than its lyophilized counterpart.
Evaluation of Thin Film Titanium Nitride Electrodes for Electroanalytical Applications
Authors: Nunes Kirchner Carolina , Hallmeier Karl Heinz , Szargan Rüdiger , Raschke Thomas , Radehaus Christian , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTitanium nitride is a hard and inert conducting material that has yet not been widely used as electrode material for electroanalytical applications although there are highly developed protocols available to produce well adherent micro and nanostructured electrodes. In this paper the possibilities of using titanium nitride thin films for electroanalytical applications is investigated. Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) was used for analysis of the redox kinetics of a selected fast redox couple at thin films of titanium nitride (TiN) in different thicknesses. The investigation was carried out by approaching an amperometric ultramicroelectrode (UME) to the TiN film while the soluble redox couple (ferrocenemethanol/ferrociniummethanol) served as mediator in a SECM configuration. The substrate was biased at a potential so that it rereduces the species being produced at the UME, thus controlling the feedback effect. Normalized current–distance curves were fitted to the theoretical model in order to find the apparent heterogeneous standard rate constant (k°) at the sample. The data are further supported by structural investigation of the TiN films using scanning force microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the kinetics are little influenced by prolonged storage in air. The heterogeneous standard rate constants in 2 mM ferrocenemethanol were (0.73±0.05)×10−3 cm s−1 for 20 nm TiN thin layer, (1.5±0.2)×10−3 cm s−1 for 100 nm TiN thin layer and (1.3±0.2)×10−3 cm s−1 for 300 nm TiN thin layer after prolonged storage in air. Oxidative surface treatment (in order to remove organic adsorbates) decreased the kinetics in agreement with a thicker oxide layer on the material. The results suggest that their direct use for amperometric detection of reversible redox systems in particular at miniaturized configurations may be advantageous.
Improving estimates of genetic maps: a meta‐analysis‐based approach
Authors: Stewart William C. L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInaccurate genetic (or linkage) maps can reduce the power to detect linkage, increase type I error, and distort haplotype and relationship inference. To improve the accuracy of existing maps, I propose a meta‐analysis‐based method that combines independent map estimates into a single estimate of the linkage map. The method uses the variance of each independent map estimate to combine them efficiently, whether the map estimates use the same set of markers or not. As compared with a joint analysis of the pooled genotype data, the proposed method is attractive for three reasons: (1) it has comparable efficiency to the maximum likelihood map estimate when the pooled data are homogeneous; (2) relative to existing map estimation methods, it can have increased efficiency when the pooled data are heterogeneous; and (3) it avoids the practical difficulties of pooling human subjects data. On the basis of simulated data modeled after two real data sets, the proposed method can reduce the sampling variation of linkage maps commonly used in whole‐genome linkage scans. Furthermore, when the independent map estimates are also maximum likelihood estimates, the proposed method performs as well as or better than when they are estimated by the program CRIMAP. Since variance estimates of maps may not always be available, I demonstrate the feasibility of three different variance estimators. Overall, the method should prove useful to investigators who need map positions for markers not contained in publicly available maps, and to those who wish to minimize the negative effects of inaccurate maps.Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A range of simple summary genome‐wide statistics for detecting genetic linkage using high density marker data
Authors: Saunders Ian W. , Hannan Garry N. , Brohede Jesper , Giles Graham G. , Jenkins Mark A. , Hopper John L. , Southey Melissa C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA simple approach to design and analysis of genome‐wide linkage scans is described, based on an approximation to the joint distribution of likelihood ratio statistics at a large number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. The approximation is readily calculated and makes it feasible to study the test properties of a range of summary statistics for the entire sequence of point‐wise test values. Both the null distribution in the absence of genetic effects and the alternative distribution under various models of single or multi‐gene inheritance can readily be simulated. This allows the power of a variety of statistics to be evaluated. The most powerful statistics proved to be the “quantile statistics” defined as quantiles of the set of pointwise test statistics. As a proof of principle study, the method was applied to a small dataset of 40 individuals from 8 families known to be segregating mutations in one or other of the DNA mismatch repair genes, MLH1 and MSH2. These included seven affected sib pairs and 11 discordant sib pairs, who were genotyped at 57,429 autosomal SNPs using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 50 k Xba 240 Array. While the sample size was not sufficient to detect the linkage, there was a clear signal at the MLH1 location indicating that relatively small sample sizes would have been adequate to detect linkage to this gene. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new association test using haplotype similarity
Authors: Sha Qiuying , Chen Huann‐Sheng , Zhang Shuanglin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAssociation tests based on multi‐marker haplotypes may be more powerful than those based on single markers. The existing association tests based on multi‐marker haplotypes include Pearson's χ2 test which tests for the difference of haplotype distributions in cases and controls, and haplotype‐similarity based methods which compare the average similarity among cases with that of the controls. In this article, we propose new association tests based on haplotype similarities. These new tests compare the average similarities within cases and controls with the average similarity between cases and controls. These methods can be applied to either phase‐known or phase‐unknown data. We compare the performance of the proposed methods with Pearson's χ2 test and the existing similarity‐based tests by simulation studies under a variety of scenarios and by analyzing a real data set. The simulation results show that, in most cases, the new proposed methods are more powerful than both Pearson's χ2 test and the existing similarity‐based tests. In one extreme case where the disease mutant induced at a very rare haplotype (≤3%), Pearson's χ2 is slightly more powerful than the new proposed methods, and in this case, the existing similarity‐based tests have almost no power. In another extreme case where the disease mutant was introduced at the most common haplotype, the existing similarity‐based methods are slightly more powerful than the new proposed methods, and in this case Pearson's χ2 test is least powerful. The results of real data analysis are consistent with that of our simulation studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutic targets in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Heaney Nicholas B. , Holyoake Tessa L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a clonal disorder of the haemopoietic stem cell arising as a consequence of the formation of the bcr‐abl oncogene. The particular molecular basis of this condition has enabled the development of therapies that selectively target diseased cells. The success of the rationally designed first‐line therapy imatinib mesylate (IM) is tempered by the problems of disease persistence and resistance. Novel strategies have been identified to take forward therapy in CML and these will be discussed in this review. This work is generated from a review of published literature and contains particular insight into the work performed by our group in this field. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.