bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived health status, alcohol‐related problems, and readiness to change among medically hospitalized, alcohol‐dependent patients
Authors: Stewart Scott H. , Connors Gerard J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOBJECTIVEAlcohol dependence is prevalent among medically hospitalized patients, and acute illness has the potential to increase motivation to change and provide a therapeutic window for treatment of alcohol dependence. This study evaluated the correlations of readiness to change drinking behavior with perceived physical and mental health status and specific alcohol‐related consequences of medical inpatients.DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTSThe study was a cross‐sectional survey of 50 clinically recognized and subsequently confirmed alcohol‐dependent patients admitted to general internal medicine teaching services with no evidence of chronic cognitive functional deficits. We estimated correlations of process‐of‐change variables (problem recognition, ambivalence about change, and taking steps to change drinking) with measures of patient perception of general physical and mental health status and self‐reported alcohol‐related consequences.RESULTSProblem recognition (r = −0.31, P = .028) and ambivalence about change (r = −0.41, P = .003), but not taking steps to change drinking (r = −0.26, P = .072) were significantly associated with perceived physical health. Perceived mental health was not associated with these variables, but greater alcohol‐specific consequences were typically associated with greater recognition, ambivalence, and intent to change.CONCLUSIONSAmong alcohol‐dependent patients with acute medical illness requiring hospitalization, poorer perceived health status was associated with increased recognition of drinking problems and thoughts about changing drinking behavior. Future research should evaluate if problem recognition and ambivalence modify treatment involvement and outcomes following hospitalization and if hospital‐based interventions designed to link medical conditions and their treatment to alcohol dependence enhance recognition and ambivalence. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:372–377. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Common myths about caring for patients with terminal illness: Opportunities to improve care in the hospital setting
Authors: Cherlin Emily , Morris Victor , Morris Jensa , Johnson‐Hurzeler Rosemary , Sullivan Gail M. , Bradley Elizabeth H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDShortcomings in the quality of care of hospitalized patients at the end of life are well documented. Although hospitalists and residents are often involved in the care of hospitalized patients with terminal illness, little is known about their knowledge and beliefs concerning terminal illness, despite the importance of such physicians to the quality of care at the end of life.DESIGNIn 2006 we conducted an exploratory study at a large academic medical center to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of hospitalists and residents (n = 52, response rate = 85.2%) about the care of terminally ill patients. Data were collected using a 22‐item survey instrument adapted from previously published instruments.RESULTSSeveral common myths about treating terminally ill patients were identified. These myths pertained to essential aspects of end‐of‐life care including pain and symptom control, indications for various medications, and eligibility for hospice. Physicians reported positive attitudes about hospice care as well as the belief that many patients who would benefit from hospice do not receive hospice at all or only late in the course of their illness.CONCLUSIONSOur findings identified misunderstandings that hospitalists and residents commonly have, including about facts essential to know in order to provide appropriate pain and symptom management. Future interventions to improve knowledge need to focus on specific clinical knowledge about opioid therapy, as well as information about eligibility rules for hospice. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:357–365. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Geriatric syndromes in elderly patients admitted to an inpatient cardiology ward
Authors: Flood Kellie L. , Rohlfing Amy , Le Cyndi V. , Carr David B. , Rich Michael W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDOlder adults make up an increasing proportion of patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disease. Such patients often have multiple coexisting geriatric syndromes that may affect management and outcomes and are frequently underdiagnosed and untreated.OBJECTIVESTo determine the prevalence of geriatric syndromes and incidence of selected adverse events in hospitalized elderly patients with cardiovascular disease.DESIGNA prospective cohort study.SETTINGUrban academic medical center.PATIENTSOne hundred patients at least 70 years old with cardiovascular disease hospitalized on a cardiology ward.MEASUREMENTSStandard geriatric screens were administered to assess mood, function, and cognitive status. Patients were followed prospectively for adverse events such as falls, urinary tract infection (UTI), and use of restraints.RESULTSThe mean age of the patients was 79.2 ± 5.5 years, 61% were female, 68% were white, and mean length of stay was 7 days. Geriatric syndromes were prevalent and included functional impairment (35% dependent in ≥1 activity of daily living), cognitive impairment (19% with abnormal results on the Short Blessed Test), and polypharmacy. Thirty‐seven percent of patients were prescribed a potentially inappropriate medication on admission or discharge. Patients receiving a Foley catheter were at increased risk for UTI.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that geriatric syndromes are prevalent among older patients hospitalized for cardiovascular disease. Further study is needed to determine if interventions designed to increase recognition and treatment of these syndromes can improve outcomes in this patient population. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:394–400. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
On molecular recognition of an uranyl chelate by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Teulon Jean‐Marie , Odorico Michael , Chen Shu‐wen W. , Parot Pierre , Pellequer Jean‐Luc 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe energy landscape of the uranyl (UO2) chelate dissociated from a monoclonal antibody U08S was investigated using dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS). The uranyl ion (UO) is chelated with the ligand dicarboxy‐phenanthroline (DCP). The monoclonal antibody U08S was raised against UO2–DCP and does not cross‐react with DCP alone. The results of plotting the most probable force against the logarithm of the loading rate show two distinguished values of slopes of multiple fitting lines, as observed in our previous study on that system with monoclonal antibody U04S (Odorico et al., 2007a. Biophys. J. 93: 645–654.). It indicates an unbinding process undergoing at least two activation states. We have generated the histogram of unbinding events with respect to the composite stiffness of the complex between the protein and the uranyl compound. Combining the model of Bell and Evans with that of Williams, we have estimated the number of parallel bonds involved in the unbinding process and determined the value of stiffness for individual bonds. We propose that the uranyl compound binds to the two antibodies U04S and U0c at structurally equivalent locations and forms the interaction with similar coordination modes. In addition, the unbinding process goes through two steps; the first weakens the bonding of the central metal with AspL50 of the antibody and the second breaks other non‐bonded interactions of the compound with the antibody. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homology versus analogy: possible evolutionary relationship of immunoglobulins, cupredoxins, and Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase
Authors: Stevens Fred J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe ‘immunoglobulin‐like’ fold is one of most common structural motifs observed in proteins. This topology is found in more than 80 superfamilies of proteins, including Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cupredoxin. Evolutionary relationships have not been identified, but may exist. The challenge remains, therefore, of resolving the issue of whether the diverse distribution of the fold is accounted for by divergent evolution of function or convergent evolution of structure following multiple independent origins of function. Since the early studies that revealed conformational similarity of immunoglobulins and other proteins, the number of primary structures available for comparison has dramatically increased and new computational approaches for analysis of sequences have been developed. It now appears that a hypothesis of a common evolutionary origin for cupredoxins, Cu,Zn‐SOD, and immunoglobulins may be credible. The distinction between protein homology and protein analogy is fundamental. The immunoglobulin‐like fold may represent a robust system within which to examine again the issue of protein homology versus analogy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐principles calculation of the Peierls distortion in an infinite linear carbon chain: the contribution of Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Milani Alberto , Tommasini Matteo , Fazzi Daniele , Castiglioni Chiara , Zoppo Mirella Del , Zerbi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe modulation of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon branch of a linear, infinite carbon chain (carbyne) by the degree of bond length alternation (BLA) is discussed in relation to the wavenumber dispersion of the strongest Raman line of oligoynes. Furthermore, the potential energy surface describing the Peierls distortion of the infinite 1D crystal has been determined theoretically through DFT calculations with periodic boundary conditions. A two‐minima potential surface has been obtained as a function of BLA parameter, under the constraint that the diatomic unit cell keeps its translational period fixed to the optimized value. In this way, it has been possible to obtain the generalized harmonic force constant associated with the LO phonon at the Γ point. The results obtained can be related to the observed behavior of the LO Raman line upon the temperature‐driven phase transition towards a cumulenic structure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl phosphate minerals phosphuranylite and yingjiangite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Čejka Jiří , Ayoko Godwin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRaman spectra of phosphuranylite and yingjiangite were measured and interpreted, and compared with the published infrared spectra of both minerals. UO bond lengths were calculated using the Bartlett–Cooney empirical relations and the OHċO hydrogen bond lengths were inferred on the basis of Libowitzky's empirical relation. The presence of oxonium and (H3O)+ ions, expected from the single crystal structure analysis of phosphuranylite, was not inferred from the Raman spectra. It was assumed that phosphuranylite and yingjiangite are identical and the name yingjiangite should be discarded because the name phosphuranylite has priority. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Iberian × Duroc genotype on composition and sensory properties of dry‐cured ham
Authors: Ramírez Maria Rosario , Cava Ramón 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Dry‐cured ham quality from three different Iberian × Duroc genotypes was studied: GEN1, Iberian × Duroc1; GEN2, Duroc1 × Iberian; GEN3, Duroc2 × Iberian. GEN1 and GEN2 are reciprocal crosses, while the difference between GEN2 and GEN3 is the Duroc sire line. The line Duroc1 (DU1) was selected for the manufacture of dry‐cured meat products, whereas the line Duroc2 (DU2) was selected for meat production with low carcass fat.RESULTS: Dry‐cured hams from all genotypes had similar chemical composition. However, intramuscular fat of dry‐cured hams from GEN3 was more unsaturated than that from GEN2, while GEN1 was intermediate. Lipid oxidation, measured as 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and hexanal content, was similar between genotypes. The colour of hams was affected by genotype; hams from GEN2 showed higher lightness (CIE L*), while those from GEN3 had a less intense colour (lower a* and C*). Texture measured instrumentally did not differ between genotypes; however, in the sensory analysis, panellists considered hams from GEN3 more fibrous, while those from GEN2 were considered juicier. Hams from GEN3 were also perceived as saltier and more acid.CONCLUSION: Genotype affected the quality of Iberian hams, with those from GEN3 being of lower quality, and this genotype was considered less suitable for the manufacture of Iberian dry‐cured ham. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of clinical trials in the development of novel surgical techniques
Authors: Nelson Heidi , Boller Anne‐Marie 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe new paradigm and standard for medicine and surgery is the evidence‐based practice for which the randomized controlled trial is fundamental. Despite the early involvement of surgeons in clinical trials, randomized trials testing novel surgical therapies are not common. Indeed, only 24% of surgical patients are managed based on level 1 evidence. This chapter details how randomized controlled trial methodologies facilitate the development of level 1 evidence in support of minimally invasive colon cancer surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:704–709. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular profiling and risk stratification of adenocarcinoma of the colon
Authors: Mutch Matthew G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractStaging systems are used to predict the clinical and biologic behavior of tumors. This manuscript examines several molecular markers that hope to improve staging for colon cancer. It is unclear if a molecular marker, genetic signature, or a combination of histologic, genetic, and molecular parameters will provide the best prognostic information. What is clear is that more accurate staging tools are needed so patients receive the best therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:693–703. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of pre‐ and postoperative multimodality therapy on rectal cancer
Authors: Boller Anne‐Marie , Cima Robert R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSurgery is the primary treatment of rectal cancer. However, variability in surgical outcomes led to development of combined therapies including pelvic radiation and systemic chemotherapy. The evolution of these therapies both individually and combined, their successes and limitations is discussed in the context of an evolving understanding of rectal cancer biology. The impact of standardized optimal surgery on the need for additional therapy and trends in treating complete responders to neoadjuvant therapy is also reviewed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:665–670. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thiosugars – Derivatization agents for chiral resolution of homoleucines
Authors: Zahradníčková Helena , Jegorov Alexandr , Trnka Tomáš , Zelenka Karel 
Published: December 2007

Abstracto‐Phthaldialdehyde was used in combination with a series of six thiosugars for the pre‐column chiral derivatization of selected primary amino acids. The diastereomers were resolved on a conventional reversed‐phase column and with fluorescence detection. A surprisingly effective resolution of 1‐isoindolyl‐(1‐thioglycosides) derived from 1‐thio‐β‐L‐fucose was observed.
Infrared measurement of human skin temperature to predict the individual maximum safe radiant exposure (IMSRE)
Authors: Verkruysse Wim , Jia Wangcun , Franco Walfre , Milner Thomas E. , Nelson J. Stuart 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRadiant exposure (RE) is a critical treatment parameter to be optimized for laser hair removal (LHR). An objective and quantitative method to assess the individual maximum safe radiant exposure (IMSRE) would help clinicians optimize LHR while at the same time providing the safest possible laser therapy.Study DesignPulsed photo‐thermal radiometry (PPTR) measurements were on a total of 403 spots on 13 volunteers. The radiometric signal at 20 milliseconds after the diagnostic laser pulse was used to predict the IMSRE using a simple analytic relationship. Laser pulses (wavelength 755 nm, 3 milliseconds pulse, 50 milliseconds cryogen spray cooling, 30 milliseconds delay) with RE's below and above the predicted IMSRE (range: 10–100 J/cm2) were applied and resulting injuries quantified through blind scoring.ResultsIMSRE can be predicted quite robustly with PPTR for the broad range of human skin photo‐types (I–IV) considered in this study.ConclusionsThe method presented herein should be useful in helping clinicians optimize LHR on an individual patient basis, with the highest possible safety. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:757–766, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GaAlAs (830 nm) low‐level laser enhances peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia in rats
Authors: Hagiwara Satoshi , Iwasaka Hideo , Okuda Kentaro , Noguchi Takayuki 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundLow‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to relieve pain with minimal side effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that opioid‐containing immune cells migrate to inflamed sites and release beta‐endorphins to inhibit pain as a mode of peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia. The present study investigates whether LLLT may enhance peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia.MethodsThe effect of LLLT on opioid analgesia and production was evaluated in vivo in a rat model of inflammation as well as in vitro in Jurkat cells, a human T‐cell leukemia cell line. mRNA expression of the beta‐endorphin precursors proopiomelanocortin and corticotrophin releasing factor was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsLLLT produced an analgesic effect in inflamed peripheral tissue which was transiently antagonized by naloxone. Beta‐endorphin precursor mRNA expression increased with LLLT, both in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that LLLT produces analgesic effects in a rat model of peripheral inflammation. We further revealed an additional mechanism of LLLT‐mediated analgesia via enhancement of peripheral endogenous opioids. These findings suggest that LLLT induces analgesia in rats by enhancing peripheral endogenous opioid production in addition to previously reported mechanisms. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:797–802, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A randomised, split‐face comparison of facial hair removal with the alexandrite laser and intense pulsed light system
Authors: McGill D.J. , Hutchison C. , McKenzie E. , McSherry E. , Mackay I.R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIntroductionDespite the high incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women attending for facial hair removal there are few studies looking specifically at this patient group. We carried out a split‐face study directly comparing the efficacy of a 3 milliseconds pulse duration alexandrite laser with the Lumina IPL system in 38 women with PCOS.Materials and MethodsEach patient underwent six treatments using both systems, with 1, 3 and 6 months follow‐up. Hair counts, hair‐free intervals and patient satisfaction were recorded for all patients.ResultsAfter six treatments, alexandrite laser treatment resulted in longer median hair‐free intervals when compared to IPL (7 weeks vs. 2 weeks; P < 0.001). Decrease in hair counts was significantly larger on the Alexandrite side compared to the IPL side at 1, 3 and 6 months (52%, 43% and 46% vs. 21%, 21% and 27%; P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction scores, using linear analogue scales (LAS), at 1, 3 and 6 months were significantly higher for the alexandrite laser than the IPL (8.7, 7.8 and 7.7 vs. 5.7, 5.1 and 5.1; P ≤ 0.002).ConclusionsThe alexandrite laser resulted in significantly longer hair‐free intervals, a larger reduction in hair counts and greater patient satisfaction than the IPL and appeared to be more effective in this patient group. It is clear from the results in this study that the GentleLase alexandrite laser is more effective at reducing facial hirsutism in women with PCOS than the Lumina IPL. It is probable that this is due to the specific wavelength, short pulse duration and single pulse delivery of the GentleLase alexandrite laser, resulting in more follicular destruction than the IPL. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:767–772, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reaction Behavior and Network Development in RAFT Radical Polymerization of Dimethacrylates
Authors: Yu Qiang , Zhu Yongshu , Ding Yonghong , Zhu Shiping 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe reaction behavior and development of network microstructure in the RAFT polymerization of OEGDMA were investigated. The polymerization rate of the RAFT system was much lower than in conventional FRP, largely due to the low propagating‐radical concentration determined by the addition‐fragmentation equilibrium. A mild autoacceleration occurred as the addition reaction became diffusion‐controlled. The slow chain growth in the RAFT allowed sufficient chain relaxation and a uniform distribution of reacting species. The RAFT polymerization of OEGDMA with longer spacers yielded more homogeneous networks with a lower crosslinking density and lower glass transition temperature than the FRP.magnified image
Asymptotics for the voltage potential in a periodic network with localized defects
Authors: Bonnetier Eric , Sista Sivaji‐Ganesh 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe compare the potential uh of a 2D regular lattice of conductors of size h, to the potential uh,d of a defective lattice, where some conductive links have different conductivities. We show that to first order in h, each defect contributes to the difference uh,d−uh as a product of three terms: A polarization matrix, the gradient of the potential u of the limiting continuous medium obtained as h → 0, and the gradient of Green's function of the limiting medium. Establishing the asymptotics of uh,d−uh involves uniform W1,∞ estimates on the potentials uh. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The computational complexity of graph contractions I: Polynomially solvable and NP‐complete cases
Authors: Levin Asaf , Paulusma Daniel , Woeginger Gerhard J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFor a fixed pattern graph H, let H‐CONTRACTIBILITY denote the problem of deciding whether a given input graph is contractible to H. This paper is part I of our study on the computational complexity of the H‐CONTRACTIBILITY problem. We continue a line of research that was started in 1987 by Brouwer and Veldman, and we determine the computational complexity of the H‐CONTRACTIBILITY problem for certain classes of pattern graphs. In particular, we pinpoint the complexity for all graphs H with five vertices except for two graphs, whose polynomial time algorithms are presented in part II. Interestingly, in all connected cases that are known to be polynomially solvable, the pattern graph H has a dominating vertex, whereas in all cases that are known to be NP‐complete, the pattern graph H does not have a dominating vertex. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Immunologische Grundlagen des Impfens. Hightech‐Training für das Immunsystem
Authors: Zündorf Ilse , Vollmar Angelika M. , Dingermann Theo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractImpfungen simulieren eine Infektion mit einem bestimmten Pathogen und induzieren das Immunsystem. Wird das eingebrachte Antigen effizient über MHC‐Moleküle auf antigenpräsentierenden Zellen den T‐Zellen präsentiert, wird die adaptive Komponente des Immunsystems stimuliert. Der Vorteil daraus ist, dass nun die Immunantwort sehr spezifisch für das Antigen ist und dass ein immunologisches Gedächtnis gebildet wird, das beim Kontakt mit dem echten Pathogen sehr rasch reagieren kann. Verschiedene Impfstoffe und ‐strategien werden inzwischen angewendet, um der breiten Bevölkerung und auch den Spezialfällen der Neugeborenen und Älteren einen umfassenden Schutz vor zahlreichen Infektionskrankheiten zu bieten.