bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concentration of 13,14-dihydro- 15-oxo-prostaglandin F2α in peripheral venous plasma throughout the normal ovarian and menstrual cycle
Authors: Koullapis E. N. , Collins W. P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxoprostaglandin F2α (PGFM) has been measured in daily samples of peripheral venous plasma from 5 women throughout the ovarian or menstrual cycle. The values have been combined by days, relative to a pre-ovulatory peak, the LH peak and to Day 1 of the next menstrual cycle. The patterns (geometric means) have been related to the corresponding values for oestradiol, LH and progesterone.
The results show that there was considerable variation in the concentration of PGFM (50–909 pmol/l; n = 140) and that the coefficient of variation within an individual cycle ranged from 30–74%. Nevertheless two peaks one pre-ovulatory (associated with a marked increase in the level of circulating oestradiol) and one pre-menstrual (associated with rapidly falling levels of circulating oestradiol and progesterone) were apparent in all cycles. The concentration of PGFM during the pre-ovulatory rise was 521 ± 325 pmol/l; mean ± sd and the corresponding value for the pre-menstrual rise was 571 ± 325; both peaks were significantly higher (P < 0.0025, P < 0.0005, respectively, Student's t-test) than during the remainder of the cycle (257 ± 190). There was no significant difference, however, between the concentration during the follicular and luteal phases.
Uptake of T3 receptor complex by liver cell nuclei in vitro
Authors: DeGroot Leslie J. , Rue Paul A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In order to study factors which might control the transport of the nuclear receptor for thyroid hormone from its extranuclear area of synthesis into the nucleoplasm, rat liver nuclei were incubated in vitro with nuclear triiodothyronine binding protein complex labelled with [125I]T3. Most experiments were conducted in 0.32 m sucrose + 1 mm MgCl2 + 2 mm CaCl2 + 10 mm Tris Cl, pH 7.4 buffer, + 1 mm dithiothreitol1. Uptake was rapid, even at 0°C, and under the conditions of incubation about 30% of the complex was bound to the nuclei. Washing gradually removed the complex. The complex could be recovered by extraction with 0.3 m KCl containing solutions. Uptake was related to volume of nuclei. It was inhibited by elevated KCl concentrations. Uptake of receptor-T3 complex was not inhibited by azide, cyanide, DNP, KI, or antithyroid drugs. Uptake of the [125I]T3 complex was much greater than 125I-labelled protein such as hLH, hFSH, hCG, or of free T3. Ovalbumin, haemoglobin, and bovine serum albumin did not compete with or inhibit uptake of the complex. There was no evidence of saturation of the binding sites for the complex in the nuclei. ATP, CTP, GTP, and UTP elevated uptake of the T3-receptor complex by nuclei when added an unphysiologically high concentration of 10−3m. The same concentrations of nucleotides inhibited binding of T3 to the receptor complex. When the studies described above were repeated with 0.12 m KCl in all solutions, the total uptake was less, but all phenomena were entirely reproduced.
This process may provide an analogue for the movement of NTBP into the nucleus. Whether the process studied in vitro actually represents a process of physiological importance, or one where metabolic controls are introduced, is as yet unknown.
Practical procedure for enzyme immunoassay of progesterone in bovine serum
Authors: Nakao Toshihiko 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
An enzyme immunoassay of progesterone was established by using β-galactosidase from E. coli as a label.
The enzyme was conjugated with 11α-hydroxyprogesterone-hemisuccinate using water-soluble carbodiimide. Rabbit antiserum to 11α-hydroxyprogesterone-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin was previously obtained and anti-rabbit gamma globulin goat serum was used as second antibody. The enzyme activity was measured by utilizing hydrolysis of O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside. The least detectable concentration of progesterone was 12 pg per tube. The measurable range of progesterone in 0.1 ml of bovine serum was between 0.25 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml.
This method satisfied the general criteria regarding specifity, precision and recovery rate. Correlation between the progesterone levels determined by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay was quite high (r = 0.99, P ≦ 0.01). The present enzyme immunoassay can be applied for practical and routine analysis of serum progesterone.
The effect of conception on the concentration of urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide, LH/hCG and pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide
Authors: Branch Christine M. , Collins Patricia O. , Kilpatrick M. J. , Collins W. P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The concentrations of oestrone-3-glucuronide, LH/hCG and pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide have been measured in daily samples of early morning urine from 6 women throughout the normal ovarian cycle and from 5 subjects, who conceived during the period of study. In addition, the ratio of oestrone to pregnanediol glucuronide was calculate as an additional index of ovarian function.
The results showed that the ratio during the follicular phase of the cycle was similar in both groups of women. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the groups in either the duration or intensity of the LH peak. Seven days later, however, the women who conceived excreted significantly higher amounts of oestrone-3-glucuronide (P<0.05) and 12 days after the LH peak the values for pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide and LH/hCG were also elevated (P<0.05). A defined increment, in the concentration of hCG (3 times the mean basal level) occurred 11 to 15 days after the peak of LH and appeared 3 to 5 days after the increased excretion of the steroid glucuronides.
The effect of galactose oxidase treatment on the hepatic binding and biological activity of desialylated human chorionic gonadotrophin
Authors: Brand Egenius C. , Odink Jacobus 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
125I labelled desialylated hCG (asialo-hCG) was treated with galactose oxidase, in order to find out whether oxidation of the terminal galactosyl residues would diminish the hepatic uptake of asialo-hCG. Specific binding to the hepatic asialo-glycoprotein receptor was monitored in vitro by a rat liver radioligand receptor assay (RRA). Hormonal activities were compared by ovarian RRA and by in vitro bioassay. Uptake studies were done in superovulated immature rats. Galactose oxidase treatment had hardly any influence on the in vitro ovarian binding and biological activity of [125I]asialo-hCG. Binding in the liver RRA was virtually abolished. In vivo hepatic uptake, however, was considerably above the level of [125I]hCG, as was the uptake in the kidneys. The hepatic uptake was inhibited by the administration of a high dose of asialo-fetuin.
It is concluded that oxidation of the terminal galactosyl residues reduces the binding of asialo-hCG to the hepatic asialo-glycoprotein receptor, without affecting its hormonal properties. The ovarian uptake in vivo, however, is still limited by the high hepatic and renal clearance.
Hydroxylation of testosterone in the human testis Identification of 4-androstene,7α,17β-diol-3-one (7α-hydroxytestosterone) as a metabolite of testosterone
Authors: Sunde A. , Tveter K. , Eik-Nes K. B. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Homogenates of normal or cryptorchid, human testes were incubated with [3H]testosterone and a NADPH-generating system. [3H]4-andostene,7α,17β-diol-3-one (7α-OH-testosterone) was isolated and identified from such incubations. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration that 7α-OH-testosterone is a metabolite of testosterone in the human testis. 4-Andro-stene,6β,17β-diol-3-one (6β-OH-testosterone) and 4-androstene,16α,17β-diol-3-one (16α-OH-testosterone) were also identified as testosterone metabolites. The specific activity of both testosterone 6β- and 16α-hydroxylase was higher than that of 7α-hydroxylase. Pre-pubertal or cryptorchid human testis tissues seem in our study to have higher testosterone 6β- and 7α-hydroxylase activity than normal adult testis tissue.
A comparative study of the action of several lutropin derivatives on rat Leydig cells
Authors: de la Llosa-Hermier M. P. , Tertrin-Clary C. , Evrard-Herouard M. , Colleaux Y. , Hermier C. , de la Llosa P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Rat intestinal cells prepared from testes were incubated in the presence of different lutropin derivatives obtained by chemical modification of the amino groups. The cAMP accumulation and the testosterone biosynthesis were determined in the cell homogenates. Binding determinations were carried out by a radioligand receptor assay using tritiated methylated lutropin. The binding activities — relative to native LH — of three different derivatives obtained by reductive alkylation (methylated, ethylated and isopropylated LH) were in good agreement with the relative potencies assessed by their capacity to stimulate cAMP and testosterone production. Guanidinated LH (11 — NH2 groups modified) exhibited a binding activity and a relative potency relatively high with regard to cAMP accumulation (as compared with that of native LH). Its steroidogenic potency, however, was very low. When Leydig cells were incubated in the presence of native and guanidinated LH, the testosterone production was similar to that induced by the derivative alone, indicating that the derivative exerted a competitive inhibitory action preventing the stimulation of steroidogenesis by native LH. These results suggest that a guanidinated derivative is able to bind to the LH receptor and the complex so formed is able to be coupled with an adenylate cyclase pool (or cAMP compartment) which is not connected with the steroidogenic pathway.
Pituitary response to LRH and TRH stimulation and peripheral steroid hormones in conscious and anaesthetized adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Wickings E. Jean , Nieschlag E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Adult male rhesus monkeys are aggressive animals and very difficult to handle. Hence experimental manipulations necessarily involve the use of restraint procedures, either chemical or physical, which may influence endocrine functions. Therefore, the effects of ketamine anaesthesia on basal hormone levels and on the pituitary response to LRH and TRH were investigated in 4 adult male rhesus monkeys. Values were compared to those obtained from the same animals restrained in primate chairs for approximately 48 h, a procedure to which they had been accustomed to over the preceding 6 months.
Serum cortisol levels under anaesthesia were at all times lower than in conscious monkeys, but increased after 2 h to values twice as high as measured initially. Serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different on the two occasions, but levels under anaesthesia were slightly higher initially than in the conscious monkeys, and decreased gradually over the 3 h test period. Initial prolactin levels were lower in the anaesthetized monkeys, and increased 2–3-fold after 90 min; values at 3 h were not significantly different from those in conscious monkeys. Intravenous TRH elicited a similar response in prolactin on both occasions, maximum values occurring after 15–30 min and returning to basal levels after 3 h. The maximum values attained and the area under the response curves were higher under anaesthesia. LRH stimulation resulted in a 15- and 30-fold increase in serum levels of biologically active LH, with and without anaesthesia, respectively. Basal levels were not significantly different on the two occasions. The area under the LH response curve was higher in 3 of the 4 monkeys without anaesthesia.
The extent to which results in conscious monkeys are affected by stress is difficult to assess. Since neither handling technique allows for the collection of 'true' basal data, it is paramount to standardize and define the conditions under which experiments, and even routine blood sampling, are performed in male rhesus monkeys.
Effects of propylthiouracil and relatively small doses of iodide on early phase treatment of hyperthyroidism
Authors: Kasai Kikuo , Suzuki Hitoshi , Shimoda Shin-Ichi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In order to compare the acute effects of three methods of treatment in hyperthyroid patients with diffuse goitre, values of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) in serum, T3-resin uptake (T3-U), free thyroxine index (FT4I) and free triiodothyronine index (FT3I) were employed as thyroid function parameters. In iodide (I−) group given iodine (3 or 6 mg/day) as iodinated lecithine once daily, the parameters were reduced acutely within one week after the start of treatment, reaching a plateau during the next week. In contrast to the changes in I− group, the thyroid function was decreased gradually and consistently for two weeks in the propylthiouracil (PTU 300 mg/day) group. In PTU + I− (300 mg/PTU plus 3 or 6 mg/iodide/day) group, the parameters were reduced acutely and progressively for two weeks. These results indicate that PTU +I− therapy is much more effective than PTU or I− alone in early phase treatment of hyperthyroidism. Another new finding was that the thyroid function increased again during the later addition of PTU (300 mg/day) in the patients treated with I− (3 or 6 mg/day) for one or two weeks. The well-known escape phenomenon from iodide inhibition took place counteracted the effect of PTU. Since blocking of thyroidal secretion by I− is only transient while synthesis of T3 and T4 continues, leading to greater amount of hormone stored in the gland, the treatment of hyperthyroidism with I− alone is a risky procedure.
Estimation of hormonal and non-hormonal iodine uptake from maternal milk in suckling rats
Authors: Vigouroux E. , Rostaqui N. , Fénerole J. M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Maternal milk may carry hormonal iodine and thus contribute to a high thyroxine secretion level in suckling rats. In order to evaluate this possibility, milk iodo-compounds were estimated in rats equilibrated with 125I. On day-10 post partum, the milk contained 195±65 ng/ml iodine composed of 43 ng/ml iodide, 148 ng/ml non-hormonal organic iodine and only 3 ng/ml hormonal iodine. The stomachs of the sucklings contained 0.70 ± 0.05 and 1.2 ± 0.3 μg iodine/organ on days 10 and 20, respectively. The quantity of hormonal iodine was negligible compared with the amount of iodide and non-hormonal organic iodine. After enzymic proteolysis of the milk and stomach contents of the sucklings, 80–90 per cent of the non-hormonal organic iodine found was monoiodoryrosine (MIT), while the rest was diiodotyrosine (DIT).
Sixteen hours after injecting [131I]iodide and [125I]thyroxine into the mothers not equilibrated with 125I, on day-10 0.87 ± 0.10 per cent dose/ml of [125I]T4 was found in maternal plasma, 0.2–0.4 per cent dose/ml in milk, while only 0.05 ± 0.01 per cent dose/organ and 0.008 ± 0.002 per cent dose/ml was found in the stomachs of the sucklings and in plasma, respectively. By contrast, 131I rapidly disappeared from the maternal plasma and appeared in relatively high levels in the serum of the young. These results indicate that milk thyroxine is partially destroyed in the gut of the suckling. Maternal milk is a source of iodide and non-hormonal protein bound iodine in sucklings and does not contain any hormonal iodine.
Interaction between parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin E1 on cyclic AMP metabolism in rat kidney
Authors: Nagata Naokazu , Ono Yuriko , Kimura Narimichi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The interaction between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in influencing cyclic AMP metabolism in rat renal cortical tissue was examined. PTH and PGE1 stimulated additively the adenylate cyclase activity in the homogenate of the tissue. Both PTH and PGE1 enhanced the level of cyclic AMP in the incubated renal cortical tissue, but the effect of their simultaneous addition did not exceed the effect induced by PTH alone. Cyclic AMP accumulated in the incubation medium by stimulation by PTH was decreased by the simultaneous addition of PGE1. When the tissue was pre-incubated for 30 min with 2 to 10 μg/ml of PGE1, the magnitude of the increase of cyclic AMP caused by PTH subsequently added was lessened. However, the response to PTH of adenylate cyclase preparation obtained from the homogenate of PGE1-pre-treated tissue was not decreased. When first PTH was added to the incubating renal cortical tissue, the subsequent addition of PGE1 accelerated the decrease of cyclic AMP content in the tissue and decreased the amount of cyclic AMP released from the tissue. The interaction of PTH and PGE1 on cyclic AMP metabolism in the renal cortical tissue was in contrast to that seen in newborn rat calvaria where PGE1 and PTH acted additively in enhancing the level of cyclic AMP.
Hepatic metabolism of vitamin D3 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat
Authors: Sulimovici Sorel , Roginsky Martin S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the in vitro conversion of vitamin D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) by isolated liver microsomes from rachitic rats was examined. Enzymic activity was significantly less than that observed in control animals (P< 0.001). Administration of insulin restored activity almost to control values. These findings provide evidence that diabetes in this animal model produces alterations in the metabolism of vitamin D.
Metabolism of a new synthetic progestagen, Org 2969, in female volunteers. The distribution and excretion of radioactivity after an oral dose of the labelled drug
Authors: Viinikka Lasse , Ylikorkala Olavi , Vihko Reijo , Hasenack Hans G. , Nieuwenhuyse Hugo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The metabolism of a new synthetic progestagen, Org 2969 was studied in 4 healthy female volunteers. During the first part of the study (Phase I), the volunteers ingested 50 μg (about 0.1 mCi) of [16-3H]Org 2969 together with 50 μg of ethinyloestradiol as a single dose. During the second part of the study (Phase II), a 10-day pre-treatment with the same dosage of nonradioactive compound preceded the administration of the radioactive steroid.
A peak level of total radioactivity, representing 3.16–5.02% of the dose given/l of serum, was achieved within 2–3 h in Phase I. During Phase II, the corresponding figures were 4.54–5.13% after 1.5–3 h. The difference was mainly due to an increase of freely-extractable steroids during Phase II. The difference can at least partly be explained by assuming a change in the kinetics of the metabolism of Org 2969 by pre-treatment with Org 2969 and ethinyloestradiol. The mean recovery of radioactivity in urine and faeces was 83.0%/48.1%/34.9% (total/urine/faeces) of the total dose in Phase I and 76.1%/45.2%/30.9% during Phase II. The differences in the total excretion and in the radioactivity excreted in the faeces were significant.
Plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel as a function of the release rate of levonorgestrel from medicated intra-uterine devices
Authors: Nilsson C. G. , Lähteenmäki P. , Robertson D. N. , Luukkainen T. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
An effort was made to achieve different levels of plasma levonorgestrel (13-ethyl-17α-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-gon-4-en-3-one) (Ng) concentrations by the intra-uterine administration of levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine devices (IUD). Three different models were designed to release different doses of Ng daily. Sixteen women volunteered for the study and had a Ng IUD inserted post-menstrually. The effect of the IUDs on the ovulatory pattern was studied by measuring plasma concentration of oestradiol and progesterone by radioimmunoassay. Ng plasma concentrations were also measured by radioimmunoassay. In vitro experiments to measure the release of Ng from each type of device were carried out. Although some overlapping of mean plasma levels of Ng occurred during use of the three models of the IUDs, suppression of ovulation was clearly dosedependent. Wide variations in plasma levels of Ng were seen between individuals but quite uniform plasma levels were seen in each subject for up to one year3. IUDs where in vitro release rates were equivalent to each other also resulted in wide individual variations in plasma concentrations of Ng.
Prolactin secretion in man following acute and long-term cimetidine administration
Authors: Masala A. , Alagna S. , Faedda R. , Satta A. , Rovasio P. P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In 20 patients with duodenal ulcer we measured serum prolactin levels following acute and long-term cimetidine administration. In addition, in 20 healthy volunteers we studied the effect of pre-treatment with bromocriptine, metergoline, nomifensine and cyproheptadine on cimetidine-induced prolactin release. Intravenous cimetidine stimulated prolactin secretion in patients and in normal subjects. In the latter, bromocriptine and metergoline pre-administration blunted the release of prolactin in response to iv cimetidine whereas nomifensine and cyproheptadine were ineffective. Long-term treatment with cimetidine (1.2 g daily for 3 months) had no effect on prolactin secretion in the 20 patients studied. No incidence of gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea or disorders of the menstual cycle was observed.
Variability in neurosecretory material and responses to reserpine of the pituitary neural lobe in five strains of rat
Authors: Edwards Brian A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The levels of vasopressin and neurophysin in the neural lobe of the pituitary were measured in five strains of rat: Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, PVG, Chester Beatty and DA strains. The effect of reserpine administration (5 mg/kg body weight) was determined.
There were significant differences in the weight of the neural lobe and the vasopressin and neurophysin contents of this tissue in the various strains. It was possible to show that weight of the neural lobe was not necessarily related to hormone content.
The effects of reserpine also varied within the species for, while there was a fall in the vasopressin content in the Wistar and Chester Beatty strains, no change was observed in the Sprague-Dawley, PVG and DA strains.
The fall in the vasopressin level in the Wistar animals was not accompanied by a simultaneous fall in the vasopressin-neurophysin content.
Peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation in response to human thyroid fractions in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy
Authors: Wall J. R. , Trewin Anne , Joyner Diane M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) transformation in response to human thyroid fractions was carried out in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy. The fractions used were, an extract, a soluble (cytosol) fraction, and membranes prepared by differential centrifugation at (i) 6500 × g (mitochondria), (ii) 10000 × g (plasma membranes as used in the radioreceptor assay for thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) and (iii) 40000 × g (microsomes). Results were expressed as stimulation indices (SI). Mean SI for patients were significantly increased compared with those for normals for cytosol and mitochondria but not the other fractions. Taking the upper limit of normal as mean + 2 sd for normal subjects for each fraction, positive tests were found in 12 of 35 patients tested. This was in response to extract in 3 of 32 patients, to the soluble fraction in 10 of 31 patients, to mitochondria in 2 of 13 patients, to plasma membranes in 1 of 33 patients, and to microsomes in 1 of 27 patients. Positive tests were associated with hyperthyroidism but not ophthalmopathy.