bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtrochanteric insufficiency fractures in patients on alendronate therapy
Authors: Goh S.-K. , Yang K. Y. , Koh J. S. B. , Wong M. K. , Chua S. Y. , Chua D. T. C. , Howe T. S. 
Published: March 2007

We carried out a retrospective review over ten months of patients who had presented with a low-energy subtrochanteric fracture. We identified 13 women of whom nine were on long-term alendronate therapy and four were not. The patients treated with alendronate were younger, with a mean age of 66.9 years (55 to 82) vs 80.3 years (64 to 92) and were more socially active. The fractures sustained by the patients in the alendronate group were mainly at the femoral metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction and many had occurred after minimal trauma. Five of these patients had prodromal pain in the affected hip in the months preceding the fall, and three demonstrated a stress reaction in the cortex in the contralateral femur. Our study suggests that prolonged suppression of bone remodelling with alendronate may be associated with a new form of insufficiency fracture of the femur. We believe that this finding is important and indicates the need for caution in the long-term use of alendronate in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Feelings and the need for information and counselling of expectant parents of twins
Authors: Nys Kristien , Colpin Hilde , Munter Agnes De , Vandemeulebroecke Lieve 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this study, expectant parents of twins were questioned about their feelings and need for information and counselling on the parenting of twins. Data were obtained from self-rating questionnaires and an interview with the expectant mother. From the results it is argued that expectant parents of twins need specific information and counselling about the medical, emotional and parenting issues of having twins. Guidelines for organising this counselling are proposed.
Genetic risk factors in tumours of the testis: lessons from twin studies
Authors: Lambalk Cornelis B , Boomsma Dorret I 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA threefold increase for testicular carcinoma has been reported in male dizygotic twins. In this comment we suggest the hypothesis that over-exposure to endogenously hypersecreted Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) may underlie the pathogenesis. This is supported by several findings. 1) FSH hypersecretion in mothers of dizygotic twins is most likely an autosomal trait implicating the possibility of male offspring with the same hormone characteristic. 2) In testicular carcinoma higher levels of cyclin D2 are found. This is an FSH dependent stimulatory regulator of mitosis. 3) There is a marked similarity between geographical distribution in occurence of dizygotic twinning and testicular carcinoma. 4) Men undergoing surgery for testicular carcinoma have higher FSH concentrations and males with Down syndrome have higher FSH levels and are more at risk to develop testicular carcinoma. We suggest to study FSH secretion in males of familial dizygotic twins and furthermore the risk of developing testicular carcinoma in males with elevated FSH. These men with one testicle and/or with dysfunctioning Sertoli/Leydig cells.
Effects of lifestyle, personality, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and genetic predisposition on subjective sleep disturbance and sleep pattern
Authors: Heath Andrew C , Eaves Lindon J , Kirk Katherine M , Martin Nicholas G 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects on sleep pattern (‘short-sleep’ versus ‘long-sleep’) and subjective sleep disturbance of genotype, personality, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and lifestyle, were examined using survey data on a clinically unselected sample of adult Australian twin pairs, aged 17–88 years. When the effects of genotype, personality and symptoms were ignored, lifestyle variables appeared to account for roughly 4% of the variance in sleep disturbance, and 9% of the variance in sleep pattern. Significant genetic effects on sleep disturbance and sleep pattern were found, which were only partly explained by the effects of personality and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Much of the association between sleep disturbance and lifestyle appeared to be explained by separate effects of personality and symptoms of anxiety and depression on sleep and lifestyle (‘genotype – risk-factor correlation’). There was little evidence for genetically determined differences in sensitivity to the lifestyle variables (‘genotype × risk-factor interaction’).
Book Reviews
Authors: Gott Suzanne 
Published: March 2007

Beads of Life: Eastern and Southern African Beadwork from Canadian Collections by Marie‐Louise Labelle. Canadian Museum of Civilization Mercury Series, Cultural Studies Paper 78. Gatineau, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization, 2005. 208 pp.Suzanne Gott is Assistant Professor of Aboriginal and Visual Arts at Brandon University in Manitoba, Canada. Trained in art history, folklore, and African studies, her ethnographic research focuses on women's visual culture in Ghana's Ashanti region, particularly on the significance of dress, fashion, and urban performative display.
Book Reviews
Authors: Paine Shelley Reisman 
Published: March 2007

Old Poisons, New Problems:. Museum Resource for Managing Contaminated Cultural Materials by Nancy Odegaard, Alyce Sadongei and Associates. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2005. 160 pp.Shelley Reisman Paine is an objects conservator and museum consultant in private practice. She was trained in the University of Delaware/Winterthur Museum conservation graduate program and has consulted with museums throughout the United States. She lives in Nashville, Tennessee.
Book Reviews
Authors: Szabo Joyce M. 
Published: March 2007

Native Modernism: The Art of George Morrison and Allan Houser by Truman Lowe, ed. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Native Museum of the American Indian and Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2005. 128 pp.Joyce M. Szabo is Professor of Art in the Department of Art and Art History at the University of New Mexico. A specialist in the study of Native North American art, she is the author of Howling Wolf and the History of Ledger Art (University of New Mexico Press, 1994) and the editor of Painters, Patrons, and Identity: Essays in Native American Art to Honor J. J. Brody (University of New Mexico Press, 2001).
Book Reviews
Authors: Graburn Nelson H. H. 
Published: March 2007

Cape Dorset Sculpture by Derek Norton and Nigel Reading. Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 2005. 136 pp. (Co‐published with University of Washington Press.)Nelson H. H. Graburn is Curator of North American Ethnology at the P. A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology and a Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. His recent research has focused on the study of art, tourism, museums, and the expression and representation of identity. He is working with
Estimates of induced abortion in urban North Carolina
Authors: Abernathy James R. , Greenberg Bernard G. , Horvitz Daniel G. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 1965, Warner developed an interviewing procedure designed to eliminate evasive answer bias when questions of a sensitive nature are asked. He called the procedure ‘randomized response.’ The authors have been studying the technique for several years and, in this paper, are reporting some of the estimates of induced abortion in urban North Carolina using randomized response. Estimates of the proportion of women having an abortion during the past year among women 18–44 years of age are reported. For the study population indices were developed relating induced abortion to total conceptions for whites and nonwhites. The illegal abortion rate per 100 conceptions was estimated to be 14.9 for whites and 32.9 for nonwhites. Estimates of the proportion of women having an abortion during their lifetime among women 18 years old or over are also shown. Among ever married women, the proportion having an abortion during their lifetime declined as education increased. Estimates were high for women with 5 or more pregnancies. Most of the respondents stated that they were satisfied that the randomized response approach would not reveal their personal situation. Furthermore, they did not think their friends would truthfully respond to adirect question regarding abortion.
The formation and stability of ideal family size among young people
Authors: Gustavus Susan O. , Nam Charles B. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A sample of 1,123 sixth, ninth, and twelfth graders in two Southern counties was questioned to ascertain how many children they think is ideal. More than three-fourths of the students in each grade had given thought to an ideal number of children for themselves; fewer had thought about the ideal number for the average American couple. Two and three children were the modal responses; mean ideal sizes were 3.02 for self and 3.16 for the average couple. The range of acceptable fertility behavior, “too few” or “too many” children, is defined by medians of 1.56 and 5.96. Ideal and acceptable family sizes increase slightly in the higher grades. A sex difference in ideals appeared only at grade 12; girls wanted more children. Negroes wanted fewer children than did whites at grade 6, more at grade 12. Size of family of orientation was directly related to ideals at grades 6 and 9, but the relation was curvilinear at grade 12. The direct relation between ideals and socioeconomic status became more pronounced at grade 12. Ideal sizes were larger for Catholics than for other religious groups. The study lends at least minimal support to the notion that early socialization affects ideas about family size.
The use of fourier analysis to express the relation between time variations in fertility and the time sequence of births in a closed human population
Authors: Coale Ansley J. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A fundamental theorem of mathematical demography states that two closed populations sharing the same extended history of net fertility, no matter how variable, have the same age composition. In consequence, when in any population net fertility has long followed a purely repetitive cycle, age composition must also be repetitive with the same cycle length. Under these conditions annual births follow a path that is an exponential multiplied by a periodic time-function. If the time variation of fertility is a small amplitude sinusoidal oscillation, the periodic component of the birth sequence is also sinusoidal. The relative amplitude and timing of fertility oscillations and the consequent birth fluctuations are functions of the duration (or frequency) of the fertility cycle; the nature of the functions is determined by the age structure of net fertility.Any time sequence of fertility variation over an extended period of time can be treated as if part of a repetitious cycle of very long duration. By Fourier analysis the fertility sequence can be expressed as the sum of a series of sinusoidal terms; and finally the sinusoidal components of the resultant birth sequence can be derived. The calculated birth sequence closely approximates the actual.
Occupational mobility as a probability process
Authors: Hodge Robert W. 
Published: March 2007

Resumen
Cierto numéro de pasadas investigaciones han asumido que la movilidad ocupacional entre generaciones puede ser descrita como un proceso Markov, pero esta asumsión no ha sido nunca sujeta a pruebas empiricas. Usando datos pertinentes a la ocupación de abuelos, padres e hijos, nosotros podemos demostrar que la hipótesis markoviana no es valida. Otras investigaciones han tratado la movilidad intrageneraeional como variadas clases de procesos de probabilidad, pero no han mirado el movimiento entre ocupaciones en si mismo, como un proceso Markov. Usando el estudio de Movilidad Ocupacional en Seis Ciudades, nosotros también podemos demostrar para cada una de las tres cohortes de edades que la movilidad ocupacional intrageneraeional no puede ser totalmente descrita como un proceso Markov de primer orden.
Aunque, relativamente hay más herencia ocupacional intergeneracional y más estabilidad ocupacional intrageneraeional que la requerida por las teorias markovianas, hay sinembargo una impresionante similaridad entre las actuales corrientes entre ocupaciones y aquellas requeridas para un proceso markoviano de primer orden. Por lo que se refiere a este caso, los individuos escapan a al influencia de la ocupación de sus abuelos y a la influencia de otras ocupaciones, eligiendo tempranamente su propia carrera. Así, mientras la movilidad ocupacional no puede ser totalmente descrita por una cadena markoviana de primer orden, su similaridad a dicho proceso testifica la gran fluides de la sociedad norteamericana. Los conceptos de “carrera” y la discución de una persistente “cultura de la pobreza” requieren modification a la luz de estos descubrimientos.
Marriage Patterns and Cumulative Fertility in West Malaysia: 1966–1967
Authors: Palmore James A. , Marzuki Ariffin bin 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Differentials in age at first marriage and being married more than once are discussed for a probability sample of West Malaysian currently married women 15–44 years of age. Both marriage ages and the incidence of multiple marriages vary greatly by race, place of current residence, wife’s education, and husband’s occupation; and the marriage variables are shown to have significant effects on the cumulative fertility of West Malaysian women. Early marriage leads to higher cumulative fertility and multiple marriages lead to lower cumulative fertility. Since the social groups with the highest proportions of early marriages are also those with the highest incidence of multiple marriages, the marriage variables explain some but not all of the variance in cumulative fertility for West Malaysian social groups. After adjustment for the effects of the marriage variables, rural Indian or Pakistani women still have the highest cumulative fertility and urban Chinese women with more than five years of schooling still have the lowest cumulative fertility.
Comparison of Information on Death Certificates and Matching 1960 Census Records: Age, Marital Status, Race, Nativity and Country of Origin
Authors: Hambright Thea Zelman 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A sample of death certificates matched with 1960 Census records permitted comparison of response data for items asked on both records. Estimates of bias in death rates which are based on information from the two records are derived from the comparison data. Most of the comparisons yielded small discrepancies of inconsequential effect on the mortality rates. Some large inconsistencies, however, of potentially serious impact on the death rates were observed. The comparisons are examined and the implications of the results for the relevant mortality rates are discussed. In addition, age-specific death rates “corrected” for the disparities found in the age information on the two records are presented.
Registration Completeness and International Comparisons of Infant Mortality
Authors: Chase Helen C. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The physical development of the live born infant is the single most important variable governing its survival: infant mortality among those weighing 2,500 grams (5 1/2 pounds) or less at birth is 17 times the mortality among those weighing more than 2,500 grams at birth. The variation in mortality according to birth weight (or gestation) is greater than for subclasses of color, sex, maternal age, or birth order. Infant mortality in the United States is significantly higher than in a number of other countries e.g., Sweden, Netherlands, Norway. The difference is thought, by some, to be due to underregistration of low birth weight infants in other countries. In this paper, distributions of live births by birth weight for Denmark, England and Wales, New Zealand, and the United States, and infant mortality data for Denmark and the United States are examined. The data do not support a hypothesis of gross underregistration of live born infants in other countries. The results indicate that some index of physical development (birth weight, gestation, or a combination of both) should be included in any appraisal of infant mortality.
Cohort disaggregation analysis of fertility data from a sample survey
Authors: Myers George C. , Gibson Jeffry R. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Social differentials in cumulative fertility revealed by field surveys in a number of countries typically have been interpreted with the implicit assumption that the timing of childbearing within the reproductive period remains constant. However, the reproductive histories that have been collected in such surveys provide a largely unexploited source of data for the analysis of trends in timing. An analysis by birth cohort of the fertility experience of 592 ever-married women surveyed in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1966 shows that significant changes in timing have occurred. Women in the more recent birth cohorts are distinguished by earlier childbearing and sustained higher fertility in consecutive age periods. The inter-cohort differences remain when adjustments are made for duration of time in legal and consensual unions.
Social components of metropolitan population densities
Authors: Treadway Roy C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe decline of population density from the center of metropolitan areas can be expressed mathematically as: dr = doegr where dr is the population density of a subarea at distance r from the center, do is the hypothetical density at the center, and g is the population-density gradient, empirically always negative. Expanding this exponential model permits examining systematically the relationship between distance from center and various components of population density—housing-unit density, vacant units, household size, and group-quarters population–and the change over time in these components. For the metropolitan areas of Columbus, Dayton, Hartford, Miami, and Syracuse in 1950 and 1960, housing-unit density decreased from the center more sharply than population density. Vacancies, which increased slightly at the center, were proportionately low in the stable middle zones but somewhat higher in the rapidly growing outer zones. While household size decreased around the center between 1950 and 1960, on the periphery it remained constant or increased slightly because of increased family size. During the same decade, the group-quarters population, relative to total population, shifted outward from the center to the periphery to a small extent.
Socio-economic correlates of fecundability in a sample of taiwanese women
Authors: Jain Anrudh K. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Estimates of fecundability (monthly probability of conception) in the absence of contraception are derived from the frequency distribution of conceptive delays immediately following marriage, reported by 2,443 married women aged 20 to 39 included in the Taichung (Taiwan) Intensive Fertility Survey of 1962. Average fecundability of women is positively associated with their socio-economic status. These differentials are not accounted for by differences among socio-economic groups with respect to memory and truncation biases (associated with the marriage duration), wife’s age at marriage, or unreported premarital conceptions. A Multiple Classification Analysis suggests that among the socio-economic characteristics, husband’s education, rural background, and modern family type are the more important predictors of fecundability. The importance of genetic factors as opposed to cultural factors in producing these socio-economic differences in fecundability can not be evaluated systematically. Moreover, the relation of a couple’s privacy, their attitude toward family building, and patterns of mate selection to their socioeconomic status would have to be taken into account before the differences in fecundability could be attributed to factors such as nutrition, health, or infections which might directly influence their physiological ability to conceive.
Summary of the social sciences and population policy: A survey
Authors: Driver Edwin D. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This survey makes quite explicit the willingness of the social sciences and demography to initiate or expand teaching, research, and training on population policy. The disciplines now differ greatly in these activities. Of the 117 suggestions for research on policy, 41 are related to policy content; 16 to policy initiative and implementation; 47 to policy evaluation; and 13 to policy philosophy. The social scientists identified thirteen barriers which obstruct them from undertaking the needed research. Nine of the same barriers were named by the demographers. Barriers associated with the academic profession itself include expertise or technical competence, data limitations, ideology, professional identification, intellectual priorities, and role strains. The remaining barriers are associated with the organization of the university or the larger society rather than the academic profession.
Application of life table techniques to measurement of contraceptive effectiveness
Authors: Potter Robert G. 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Two problems are associated with the analysis of use-effectiveness of contraception. First, couples belonging to a sample of contraceptors typically vary in their monthly chances of contraceptive failure. Second, one does not observe for many, and perhaps a majority of the couples, how long they can remain protected with the contraceptive, because either they are stopping contraception to plan a pregnancy or else observation of them is being interrrupted by lost contact, by discontinuation of contraception for other reasons, or by the end of the study. It is argued that because of these two problems—namely, sample heterogeneity and incomplete histories-the Pearl pregnancy rate, which has been traditionally used to measure contraceptive effectiveness, is inadequate.
A life table method is described that permits one to combine incomplete histories with complete ones for purposes of estimating the proportions of the sample that might have remained protected for specified periods if all members had remained under observation for these periods. The versatility of the techniques is illustrated in relation toa retrospective survey. A detailed account of procedure is given. Finally, it is shown that only under specialized conditions that are rarely met in practice is it possible to estimate the results of the new technique from knowledge of Pearl pregnancy rates alone.