bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE OF METABOLIC ACIDOSIS IN TERM, PRETERM AND SMALL‐FOR‐GESTATIONAL AGE INFANTS IN RELATION TO DIETARY PROTEIN INTAKE
Authors: SVENNINGSEN N. W. , LINDQUIST B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn this investigation comprising 516 neonates the frequency of metabolic acidosis from day 5 to day 21 of postnatal life is reported. 334 term and 131 preterm appropriate‐for‐gestational age (AGA) infants and 51 small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) infants were studied. The incidence of metabolic acidosis occurring after the 5th day of postnatal life was in each group of infants 4.79%, 20.61% and 11.76% respectively.Furthermore, the infants were divided into three groups according to the amount of protein and solute content of the formula consumed. An increasing incidence of metabolic acidosis with increasing dietary protein intake was observed, especially among preterm infants. In the group of small‐for‐gestational age infants a similar increase with a higher protein and solute content of the formula was registered. However, this augmented incidence was related to the gestational age, rather than to birth weight.
VISION SCREENING OF FOUR‐YEAR‐OLD CHILDREN
Authors: KÖHLER LENNART , STIGMAR GÖRAN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIncluded in a general health control of an un‐selected population of 2 447 four‐year‐old children, a vision screening was performed, using a visual acuity test (Marquez‐Bostrom's hooks), cover test and Wirt Fly Stereo test. The screening could be carried out in 98% of the children. 364 children (15.2%) were referred because of newly detected visual defects, and 358 children (15.0%) were professionally examined. Of these, 40.8% had a visual acuity of ≤0.6 and 5.9% of ≤0.1. Functional amblyopia was found in 12.3% and manifest strabismus in 10.3%, The main error of refraction was hyperopia (≥ 2.5 D), diagnosed in 28.5%, while myopia was infrequent, 3.9%.The children examined by the ophthalmologist were also classified into four groups, according to their need of professional care, where group 0 means overreferral and groups 2–3 represent “significant eye disorders”, in need of ophthalmological treatment and/or observation. Overreferral was found in 16.5% and significant eye disorders in 43%. With the visual acuity test, 97% of the children with eye disorders were detected. Retesting children, who failed the tests, reduced the over‐referral from 39.5% to 12.5% (p<0.001). By lowering the passing standards of the visual acuity test, still fewer children would have been overreferred, but, at the same time, 1/5 of children needing treatment would then have remained undiscovered.Including children already under professional care, the prevalence of strabismus in this unselected material of 4‐year‐old children was just below 4%, and the need for corrective glasses around 8%.Children reported to have family eye disorders, partus complications or present eye complaints were in the risk zone for suffering significant eye disorders, but this information from the parents was not sufficiently selective to be of practical value as a screening method.A small control group of 73 children and a follow‐up of 479 children at school 3 years later, revealed that no children with functional amblyopia were missed at the screening test.
SAPHENOUS VEIN AUTOGRAFT ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA FOR EXTENDED HEMODIALYSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: D'APUZZO V. G. , GRUSHKIN C. M. , BRENNAN L. P. , STILES Q. R. , FINE R. N. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwenty‐two saphenous vein autograft arterio‐venous (A‐V) fistulas were constructed in 21 patients aged 6 9/12 to 20 8/12 years. Clotting resulted in fistula failure in 4 instances, 16 fistulas have been utilized for repetitive hemo‐dialysis for 1 to 11 months, 2 fistulas have functioned for 4 1/2 to 15 1/2 months but have not as yet been utilized for dialysis, and 1 patient died suddenly shortly after the fistula was created. The advantages of the internal fistula for pediatric patients was the absence of infection, rarity of clotting episodes and freedom of arm movement. Despite the lack of complications and the advantages of the subcutaneous A‐V fistula in comparison with the external cannula, general acceptance was not uniform in the younger children because of the requirement for repeated venipunctures.
GENTAMICIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PURULENT MENINGITIS IN NEONATES AND INFANTS
Authors: ZOUMBOULAKIS D. , ANAGNOSTAKIS D. , ARSENI A. , NICOLOPOULOS D. , MATSANIOTIS N. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwenty‐one infants with purulent meningitis, who failed to improve after a 5–6 days parenteral administration of ampicillin, alone or in combination with kanamycin in appropriate doses, were subsequently treated with gentamicin. Two infants died and one developed hydro‐cephaly, but the remaining 18 recovered and the cure seems complete and permanent. Although gentamicin is an ototoxic drug, it might be used for therapy, in some cases of purulent meningitis in infancy when the other less toxic antimicrobial agents are not effective.
PERINATAL MORTALITY IN ICELAND
Authors: BIERING GUNNAR 
Published: January 2008

SummaryData concerning perinatal mortality in Iceland in 1970 are presented.The total number of newborn infants was 4 018. Perinatal mortality was 18.3/1 000.Information concerning perinatal mortality in Reykjavik 1961–1970 is also presented and comparisons made between Reykjavik and the country at large.
TREATMENT OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS IN CHILDREN WITH DDAVP, A SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE OF VASOPRESSIN
Authors: ARONSON A. S. , ANDERSON K.‐E. , BERGSTRAND C. G. , MULDER J. L. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe effects of a new, synthetic analogue of vasopressin, DDAVP (l‐deamino‐8‐d‐arginine vasopressin), was investigated in 10 children with diabetes insipidus due to deficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone. The lack of pressor activity, and the specific and long‐lasting antidiuretic effect of this preparation was confirmed. During an observation period of 8–19 months it was found that intranasal administration of 1.25‐10 μg of DDAVP twice daily was sufficient to normalize drinking and urine production in all the patients. No side effects were observed. It is concluded that DDAVP is a valuable alternative in the treatment of vasopressin sensitive diabetes insipidus in children, and that it is well suited for long‐term use.
EXCRETION OF BILE ACIDS IN ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FOETALIS
Authors: NORMAN ARNE , STRANDVIK BIRGITTA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe excretion pattern of intramuscularly injected cholic acid‐24–14C was studied for 4 days after the injection in 10 cases of erythro‐blastosis (EB). Seven patients with EB and raised serum conjugated bilirubin excreted 3643% of the injected isotope in the urine, whereas the amounts of isotope in the faeces varied greatly. In 3 cases without raised serum conjugated bilirubin less isotope was recovered in the urine and always more than 10% of injected isotope was recovered in the faeces. Cholic acid‐24–14C was excreted essentially unchanged in all cases but in conjugated form.In all cases of EB the urine was found to contain bile acids, chiefly cholic acid. The infants with EB associated with cholestasis excreted 4.8–132.3 μmol of these acids per day; the corresponding values in the absence of cholestasis being 0.4–0.9 μmol per day. In the infants with physiological jaundice the excretion ranged from less than 0.01 to 0.7 μmol per day; the correspondign values in the 2 patients with hyperbilirubinaemia were about 0.2 μmol per day.The infants with EB associataed with cholestasis were found to excrete as large amounts of bile acids in the urine as the infants with intrahepatic cholestasis. These findings strongly suggest that increased serum conjugated bilirubin, irrespective of the patho‐genesis of the liver damage, is associated with an impaired bile acid excretion to the intestine. EB without increased serum conjugated bilirubin did not seem to alter the bile acid metabolism, since the urinary excretion of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in these cases was practically the same as in jaundiced newborn infants.
VECTORCARDIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS IN DEXTROCARDIAC CHILDREN
Authors: ZÁBORSKY B. , PAAVILAINEN T. O. A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFifteen cases with several forms of dextro‐cardia were examined by vectorcardiography according to the Frank system. In cases of isolated dextrocardia with concordant viscero‐atrial and atrioventricular situs, without transposition, heart disease or with small left to right shunt, the results corresponded to the ECG. The VCG differed only slightly from the mirror image of inscriptions with inverted electrode placement. In situs inversus totalis with mirror image dextrocardia and in transposition complexes, the usual VCG records were more distorted and did not correspond to the ECGs. Further investigations are necessary with the inverted electrode placement. The spatial half area QRS‐T angle appeared to be useful in estimating ventricular hypertrophy and was not influenced by the position of the heart.
DECREASING INCIDENCE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT DIPLEGIA—AN ACHIEVEMENT OF MODERN NEONATAL CARE?
Authors: HAGBERG B. , OLOW I. , HAGBERG G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe clinical syndromes of 429 cerebral palsied children born in 1959–68 and constituting a representative and unselected Swedish series were analysed with respect to the changing panorama of the various syndromes. The main preliminary finding was a significantly decreased total incidence due to a likewise significantly lowered number of diplegic babies with a birth weight less than 2 500 g.
NEONATAL HYPOGLYCAEMIA DUE TO AN ISLET‐CELL ADENOMA
Authors: BÆRENTSEN HANNE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA full‐term newborn showed signs of hypogly‐caemia which was very resistant to treatment. At the age of 4 months the child underwent an explorative laparotomy. An adenoma was found in the pancreas and was enucleated. The insulin content of the adenoma was extremely high. No postoperative complications occurred and the child has since developed quite normally.
BILE ACID EXCRETION AFTER DISAPPEARANCE OF JAUNDICE IN INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF INFANCY
Authors: NORMAN ARNE , STRANDVIK BIRGITTA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn twelve cases of intrahepatic cholestasis of infancy the patients were re‐examined 1–58 weeks after disappearance of jaundice. All infants were clinically healthy, but 4 infants showed raised serum transaminase.Cholic acid‐24–14C was injected intramuscularly and the isotope excretion in the urine and faeces was investigated for 4 days after the injection. Most of the isotope was excreted in the faeces. In 5 of the 12 infants the urine contained 9–26% of the administered isotope whereas the other infants excreted less than 5%. No unconjugated labelled cholic acid was excreted. After solvolysis and hydrolysis the major labelled compound was identified as cholic acid. In 7 healthy infants used as controls no cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids were deteted in the urine. All the 12 patients excreted cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids in the urine at the time of the re‐examination, the total daily urinary excretion ranging from 0.6 to 3.7 μmol. These results indicated that the bile acid excretion was still impaired after regression of jaundice in the infants who had had intrahepatic cholestasis.
URINARY PHENYLALANINE EXCRETION IN HYPERPHENYL‐ALANINEMIC CHILDREN
Authors: GUTTLER F. , ROSLEFF F. 
Published: January 2008

Summary24‐hour phenylalanine loading tests were done in 5 children with persistent hyperphenyl‐alaninemia off diet. The urinary excretion of phenylalanine were compared to the excretion after loading of phenylketonuric children on diet.Serum phenylalanine of children with persistent hyperphenylalaninemia returned to preloading levels (285 μmol/l) within 24 hours. These children, however, excreted phenylalanine during phenylalanine loading in lesser quantities than patients with phenylketonuria on diet. Serum phenylalanine of phenylketonuric children on diet attained preloading levels (300 μmol/l) approximately 14 days after loading. Thus, the present data do not support the hypothesis that hyperphenylalaninemic patients are phenylketonurics protected by increased urinary excretion of phenylalanine.
PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD I. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: ANDERSEN ELLEN DAMGÅRRD , JACOBSEN J. RAMSØSE , SANDØSE E. , VIDEBÆK J. , WENNEVOLD A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA 1 to 30 year follow‐up study of 54 infants and children with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is presented. In 28 cases the first attack occurred in infancy, and in 18 of these already in the first months of life. Nine patients had organic heart disease. The WPW syndrome was diagnosed in 30 cases. When first seen, most of the infants presented signs of incipient or manifest congestive heart failure, which was very unusual in the children, most of whom had only minor symptoms. Four children had experienced brief syncopes during attacks. Digitalis was effective against congestive heart failure and, when continued, may have prevented failure during subsequent attacks. Whether digitalis and other anti‐arrhythmic agents facilitated conversion to sinus rhythm could not be established in this study. Vagal stimulation was only rarely effective. Preventive treatment with digitalis or other antiarrhythmic drugs seemed to have little if any effect on the frequency of recurrent attacks. Out of 23 infants who were followed for at least 5 years, 17 had been free from attacks during the last 3 years and 13 of these had had their last attack before the age of 6 months. Out of 23 children followed for 5 years or more, only 3 had been free from recurrences during the last 3 years. Patients with the WPW‐syndrome had a somewhat higher incidence of recurrent attacks.
QUINIDINE TOXICITY IN A NORMAL HEART
Authors: RIVERS R. P. A. , BOYD R. D. H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryECG changes are documented in a child who survived ingestion of an unknown quantity of quinidine sulphate. Atrial tachycardia developed with intermittent 2: 1 A.V. response, and recurrent attacks of probable ventricular tachycardia occurred. A plan for the management of acute quinidine poisoning is suggested.
PULMONARY ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS IN CHILDREN A Review with Special Reference to the Disperse Telangiectatic Type, Illustrated by Report of a Case
Authors: UTZON FINN , BRANDRUP FLEMMING 
Published: January 2008

SummaryArteriovenous pulmonary fistulas present in infancy in more than half the number of cases. A distinction is drawn between isolated and multiple fistulas, and as a special category of the latter, the disperse telangiectatic type, is described.A review of the literature reveals 17 cases of this type. The present case extends this series—a girl dying at the age of 6 months, in whom the diagnosis of disperse telangiectatic arteriovenous pulmonary fistulas was regarded as probable on the basis of the investigations made. The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy, which included bronchovascular injection of contrast during fluoroscopy.The relationship to the dominant hereditaryDisease telangiectasia hereditaria (Rendu‐Osler disease) is discussed. It is emphasized that this relationship appears particularly clear in the telangiectatic type, a circumstance which is however not confirmed in the present case. The difficulties in diagnosis and the diagnostic procedures are mentioned.
MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM IN A PATIENT WITH E‐TRISOMY SYNDROME
Authors: FLUGE G. , MYKING A. , AARSKOG D. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA newborn patient with E‐triso my syndrome and male pseudohermaphroditism is described. At autopsy the internal genital organs werefound to be ambiguous with a bicornuate uterus and rudimentary Fallopian tubes. The testes and epididymis showed normal gross and microscopic appearance, while the deferential ducts were hypoplastic and ended as Gärtner's canals on both sides of the rudimentary utero‐vaginal canal.The failure of the embryonic testes to sup press the Müllerian ducts in this patient is probably not a result of the genetic imbalance caused by the chromosome aberration, but rather a fortuitous event related to the phenomenon encountered in the uterine hernia syndrome.
RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA IN SWEDEN General Survey and Selected Study on Patients born in 1960–1966
Authors: SVEDBERGH BJÖURN , LINDSTETD EVA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn Sweden 274 cases of retrolental fibroplasia have been reported between 1945 and 1966.After a dramatic decrease in incidence since 1953, there has been a slight increase between 1960 and 1966. Thus 23 patients with irreversible retrolental fibroplasia during this latter period as a rule were of very low birth weight and gestational age; received oxygen for more than 1 week and in maximum concentrations below 40% in breathing air in the incubator. Oxygen was partly administered by funnel to half the patients. One patient history indicated a pathogenetic connection with intra‐uterine hypoxia. Aspects of pathophysiology, oxygen therapy and its control are discussed.
ETHANOL IN THE PREVENTION OF NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA
Authors: JOUPPILA P. , KOIVISTO M. , SUONIO S. 
Published: January 2008

SummarySeventy‐four pregnant women were given 80 g of ethanol orally or 63, 94 or 102 g intravenously the day prior to delivery. Nineteen mothers and their offspring served as controls. The effect on the bilirubin values of the newborn was studied. The bilirubin levels of the newborn were not significantly lower during the first six days of life compared with the controls. The results differ from those reported earlier. The reasons for this are discussed.
IMPAIRED DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS
Authors: KLAJMAN A. , STERNBACH MARION , RANON LOTTE , DRUCKER M. , GEMINDER D. , SADAN N. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo children with subacute sclerosing pan‐encephalitis showed impaired delayed hypersensitive reaction to killed measles virus in the presence of normal response to candida extract, phytohemagglutinin and PPD. These results suggest that the persistence of the virus in the brain may induce tolerance of the T lymphocytes to it and perpetuate the disease.
CONGENITAL PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA—A REPORT OF THREE CASES
Authors: HEDVALL GUNNEL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThree cases of congenital paroxysmal tachycardia are described. The babies were in cardiac failure at birth, with cyanosis, grunting, heart and liver enlargement. In one case the tachycardia was converted by nasopharynx suction‐ing, in the two by digitalization. The three babies lost weight excessively when their edema disappeared and showed temporary signs of overdosage of digitalis. All three babies made an uneventful recovery.
CHRONIC HEPATITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: ALAGILLE D. , GAUTIER M. , HBROUIN C. , HADCHOUEL M. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYIn a group of 35 children first classified as “chronic hepatitis”, the study of the histo‐logical patterns revealed only 16 cases as actual chronic hepatitis: 3 persistent nonaggres‐sive hepatitis (type l), 6 chronic aggressive hepatitis (type 2 a) and 7 chronic aggressive hepatitis (type 2 b). As previously reported, there was a prevalence of females. The incidence increases with age. A history of acute hepatitis was found in only 4 of the 16 children. Australia antigen was positive in only 3 of 9 children tested.Persistent nonactive hepatitis has a benign evolution while chronic active hepatitis with histological aggressivity shows acute rapid It It is for this reason that massive and prolonged corticosteroid therapy has to be utilized in the latter group, since the few control studies have demonstrated a longer survival.
RENAL FUNCTION IN LONG‐TERM SURVIVORS AFTER TREATMENT FOR NEPHROBLASTOMA
Authors: JEREB B. , APERIA A. , BERG U. , BROBERGER O. , BÅRYD I. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYRenal function was investigated in 16 cases of nephroblastoma, in whom nephrectomy had been performed 2–19 years previously. All but one of these patients were also given postoperative radiation. The average radiation dose to the remaining kidney ranged from about 250 to about 1 700 rads in 17–63 days.None of the patients had clinically manifest renal dysfunction. The glomerular filtration rate was examined in 16 patients, the clearance of PAH and the filtration fraction in 15, the renal sodium balance in 8 and the acid‐base balance in 13.The glomerular filtration rate and the clearance of PAH were 70–100 per cent of the normal values for healthy children with 2 kidneys. Subclinical impairment of the sodium balance control was found in 6 patients, and of the acid‐base balance in 9. Abnormal regulation of the acid‐base balance was more noticeable in the patients given higher radiation doses. The glomerular filtration rate, clearance of PAH, filtration fraction and the sensitivity of the sodium balance control were not correlated to the radiation dose.
A FOLLOW‐UP STUDY OF CHILDREN WITH ASTHMATOID BRONCHITIS I. Skin Test Reactions and IgE Antibodies to Common Allergens
Authors: FOUCARD TONY 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYEighty‐one children, 2–66 months old, with asthmatoid bronchitis were followed for 15–40 months (mean 31 months). The children were physically examined 3–4 times a year. Blood samples were taken on these occasions. Skin prick tests were done at the beginning and at the end of the investigation period. Antibodies of the IgE class, as measured by RAST, were found against animal danders, pollens or house dust in 5 children at the first examination and during the follow‐up period in another 5 children. Strongly positive prick test reactions were accompanied by a positive RAST in 86%, smaller wheals less frequently. IgE antibodies to egg white or cow's milk were found in 26 children, in many cases during the first year of life and occasionally as early as at the age of 3 months. As the children grew older the titres decreased and the antibodies seemed to be of clinical importance only in a few cases with high titres to the egg white extract. In contrast, IgE antibodies to animal danders were not detected until 11/2 years of age and those to pollen not until 3 years of age. These antibodies showed increasing titres with time and they seemed to be of clinical importance in all but a few cases with very low titres.
LACTOSE MALABSORPTION IN ETHIOPIAN CHILDREN
Authors: HABTE D. , STERKY G. , HJALMARSSON B. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYOral lactose tolerance test was performed on 183 Ethiopian and 28 Caucasian children resident in Ethiopia. A study of various sampling time intervals during the lactose tolerance test indiaated that the fasting and 40 min samples were sufficient and the most suited for large incidence studies. The incidence of lactose malabsorption amongst Ethiopian children was found to be 80%, being 61.5% in the under 1 year age group and 89.7% in the older children (7–13 years). An unexpected finding was the high incidence of 25% amongst Caucasian children (mainly Scandinavians). Altered intestinal bacterial flora and/or repeated gastrointestinal infections and prolonged reduced intake of milk are offered as possible factors for the high incidence.Milk consumption in normal quantities (250 ml) by a school population of malabsorbers gave rise toabdominal symptoms“in some but this rapidly abated by 4 weeks to reach the preconsumption level. This preliminary observation, if confirmed, should encourage the use of milk as a valuable source of supplementary food in communities where protein calorie malnutrition is widespread.