bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesions Caused by the Hepatic Trematode, Metorchis conjunctus, Cobbold, 1860: A Comparative Study in Carnivora*
Authors: MILLS J. H. L. , HIRTH R. S. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— Lesions caused by the hepatic trematode, Metorchis conjunctus Cobbold, 1860, in five species of Carnivora, the dog, cat, raccoon, mink, and gray fox were compared.Marked hyperplasia of the mucosa of the intrahepatic bile ducts and gall bladder was found. The inflammatory reaction consisted principally of lymphocytes and plasma cells with a few eosino‐phils. Verminous granulomas were also present and incited a local eosinophilic response. With heavy infections, the raccoon developed a severe cirrhosis, and osseous metaplasia was found in the bile ducts of one mink.Résumé— On compare les lésions provoqueées par un trématode hépatique, Metorchis conjunctus (Cobbold, 1860) chez cinq espèces de carnivores, le chien, le chat, le raton laveur, la loutre et le renard gris.On a trouvé une hyperplasie importante de la muqueuse des canaux biliaries intrahépatiques et de la muqueuse de la vésicule biliare. La réaction inflammatoire comportait surtout des lymphocytes, des plasmocytes mais peu de cellules éosinophiles. On a trowé aussi des granulomes vermineux ayant entraïné une réaction épsinophilique locale. En cas d'infestation massive, le raton peut présenter une cirrhose intense et on a pu observer la métaplasie osseuse des canaux biliaires chez une loutre.Zusammenfassung— Es werden Lasionen, die bei fünf Fleischfresserarten, dem Hund, der Katze dem Waschbären, dem Nerz und dem Graufuchs, durch Leberegel, Metorchis conjunctus Cobbold, 1860, verursacht waren, miteinander verglichen.Eine ausgesprochene Hyperplasie der Schleimhäute wurde in den intrahepatischen Gallengängen und der Gallenblase beobachtet. Die entzündliche Reaktion bestand hauptsächlich aus Lympho‐zyten und Plasmazellen, sowie vereinzelten Eosinophilen. Außerdem waren verminöse Granulome vorhanden, die örtlich eine eosinophile Reaktion hervorriefen. Bei schweren Infektionen entwickelte sich bei den Waschbxren eine hochgradige Zirrhose, und in den Gallengängen eines Nerses wurden knochige Metaplasien gefunden.
Observations on the Pathology of the Spleen of the Cat
Authors: ISHMAEL J. , HOWELL J. McC. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— Lesions were found in the spleen of four of sixty‐three cats examined post mortem in the department, and comprised two examples of lymphosarcoma, one of chronic fibrinous peritonitis and one of subcapsular haematoma.Abnormalities were found in two cat spleens received from veterinary surgeons in general practice. In one cat the abnormalities were an haemangiosarcoma with secondary deposits in the liver and in the other extensive mast cell infiltration.In addition lesions were detected in the spleen of three of eighty‐seven cats examined post mortem in general practice. The lesions were: multiple secondary deposits of adenocarcinoma from a primary tumour of the mammary gland, a ruptured spleen and a foreign body below the splenic capsule.Résumé— L'examen microscopique de soixante‐trois chats pratiqué dans le service a permis de rencontrer quatre fois des lésions de la rate, dont deux lymphosarcomes, une péritonite capsulaire fibrineuse et un hématome sous‐capsulaire.D'autre part des lésions ont été trouvées dans deux rates de chat expédiées par des vétérinaires exerçant en pratiaue générale. Chez un chat il s'agissait d'un htmangiosarcome avec métastases hépatiques et chex l'autre d'une infilt ation diffuse par des mastocyta. De plus, on a rencontré des llésions dnas la rate de trois chats parmi quatre‐vingt sept autopsies effectuées dans le cadre d'une clientèle génárale. Ces iésions étaient dés métastases multiples d'un adénocarcinome dont la tumeur primitive siègeait dam la glande mammaire, une rupture de la rate et un corps érangers sou capsulaire.Zusammenfassung— Läsionen der Milz wurden bei vier von dreiuiidsechzig in dieser hbteilung sezierten Katzen gefunden, und zwar in zwei Fällen ein Lymphosarkom, in einem Falle eine chron‐ische fibrinöse Peritonitis und in einem ein subkapsuläres Hématom.Anomalien fanden sich auch in der Milz von zwei Katzen, die aus der tierxrztlichen Praxis eingesandt wurden. Bei der einen Katze war dies ein Hämangiosarkom mit Metastasen in der Leber, bei der anderen eine weitläufige Infiltration der Mastzellen. Außerdem wurden bei drei von siebenundachtzig in der Praxis sezierten Katzen Milzläsionen gefunden. Diese bestanden am multiplen Metastasen eines Adenokarzinoms der Brustdrüse, einer Milzzerreissung und einem Fremdkörper unterhalb der Milzkapsel.
Some Observations on the Estimation of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (S‐GPT) in the Dog
Authors: HARVEY D. G. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— —Estimations of S‐GPT activity in the dog have been made by colorimetric and u.v. methods and compared. It has been demonstrated that the colorimetric method is less sensitive than the u.v. method, but that it is still useful and can readily be carried out in the small laboratory or surgery side‐room. The colorimetric method can give an estimate (based on u.v. method as reference) of 60–80 per cent of all cases of moderate or severe liver damage within the range 40–80 SFU (19–38 i.u.). Estimated by the u.v. method the prediction would be 80–100 per cent. Some preliminary tests have been made on the effect of handling, postage and diet on the levels of S‐GPT activity. A screening method is recommended.Résumé— —L'auteur a évalué l'activité de la transaminase glutamino‐pyruvique sérique (TGPS) chez le chien, par les méthodes célérimétrique et UV, en comparant les résultats obtenus. La premièe méthode, moins précise que la seconde, demeure toutefois utile et présente l'avantage d'être applicable dans un laboratoire restreint. Elle fournit une évaluation située entre 60 et 80 pour cent (par rapport à la méthode UV) pour toutes les lésion hépatiques relativement graves, dans la gamme de 40–80 u.s.f., soit 19–38 u.i. Sur la base de la méthode UV, la précision atteindrait 80–100 pour cent. L'auteur a effectué des tests préliminaires tendant à déterminer I'effet sur le niveau d'activité de la TGPS des conditions de travail (manipulation et transport) et du régime. II recommande une méthode de dépistage.Zusammenfassung— —Bestimmungen der S‐GPT‐Aktivität beim Hund wurden mit celerimetri‐schen und UV‐Methoden durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse verglichen. Es zeigte sich, dass die celerimetrische Methode weniger empfindlich als die UV‐Methode ist, aber noch Brauchbarkeit besitzt und leicht im kleinen Laboratorium oder in Praxisnebenräumen durchgeführt werden kann. Die celerimetrische Methode erlaubt die FeststeIlung von 60–80% (bezogen auf die Ergebnisse mit der UV‐Methode) aller Fälle mittleren oder starken Leberschadens im Bereich von 40–80 SFU (19–38 I.E.). Nach der UV‐Methode wäre die Erfassung 80–100% gewesen. Einige vorläufige Prüfungen wurden hinsichtlich des Einflusses der Behandlung, der Unterbringung und des Futters auf die S‐GPT‐Aktivität durchgeführt. Eine selektive Methode wird empfohlen.
The Forces Exerted by the Pads of the Walking Dog
Authors: HUTTON W. C. , FREEMAN M. A. R. , SWANSON S. A. V. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— —The longitudinal and vertical forces exerted by the front and back pads during the walking cycle of five dogs were measured by means of a strain gauged force plate. The maximum vertical force recorded for the front pads was approximately equal to the dog's body weight, while for the back pads the maximum vertical force was found to be approximately 0.8 times the body weight. The forces in the longitudinal direction were found to be approximately ten times less than the corresponding vertical forces. The front pad contact times were as much as 1.5 times greater than the corresponding back pad contact times.Résumé— —L'auteur a déterminé par extensométrie, au cours de travaw portant sur cinq chiens l'effort longitudinal et vertical exercé par les pattes antérieures et postérieurs pendant la marche. L'effort vertical maximum enregistréétait à peu près égal au poids du corps pour les pattes antérieures; pour les pattes postérieures, il égaIait environ 80 pour cent du poids du corps. II a été constaté que l'effort longitudinal représente environ le dixième de l'effort vertical correspondant. La durée de contact avec le sol étati, pour les pattes antérieures, supérieure de 50 pour cent à la durte constatée pour les pattes postrieures correspondantes.Zusammenfassung— —Die auf Brust‐und Rückenpolster ausgeübten Longitudinal‐und Vertikal‐kräfte während des Gehzyklus von fünf Hunden wurden mittels einer Dehnungsmessplatte bestimmt. Die maximal gemessene Vertikalkraft auf das Brustpolster entsprach ungefähr dem Körpergewicht des Hundes, während bei den Rückenpolstern die maximale Vertikalkraft etwa 0,8 des Körpergewichts betrug. Die Kräfte in Längsrichtung waren ungefähr zehnfach geringer als die entsprechenden Vertikalkräfte. Die Brustpolster‐Kontaktzeiten waren bis zu 1,5 mal grösser als die entsprechenden Rückenpolster‐Kontaktzeiten.
The Significance and Dynamics of Stray Dog Populations with Special Reference to the U.K. and Japan
Authors: Carding A. H. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— —A stray dog and a stray dog population are defined. The significance of stray dogs with particular reference to hazards to human health and property are discussed in Part I.Part II deals with the origins and numbers of stray dog populations in different countries and with a general consideration of control measures.In Part III the dynamics of surplus dog production in the U.K. and Japan are analysed in the terms set out in Part II. Recommendations are made for the humane control of surplus dogs in both countries.Résumé—On définit les notions de chien errant et de population de chiens errants. Dans la première partie, on discute de l'importance des chiens errants au point de we des risques qu'ils représentent pour la santé et l'hygiène humaines.La deuxième partie traite des origines et des nombres de chiens errants dans diffèrents pays et de considérations générales sur les mesures de contrôle.Dans la troisième partie, les phtnomènes dynamiques de la surpopulation canine au Royaume Unk et au Japon sont analysés sou le même angle que dam la 2 éme partie. Il est fait des r ecom‐mandations sur le contrôle par I'homme de la surpopulation canine dans ces deux pays.Zusammenfassung— —Die Begriffe “stremender Hund” und “Bevölkerung streunender Hunde” werden definiert. Die Bedeutung streunender Hunde besonders hinsichtlich der Gefährdung der Gesundheit des Menschen und des Eigentums werden in Teil I besprochen.Teil II beschäftigt sich mit der Herkunft und den Zahlen der Bevölkerung streunender Hunde in verschiedenen Ländern und mit einer allgemeinen Betrachtung der Kontrollmassnahmen.In Teil III wird die Dynamik des Entstehens eines Hundeüberschusses in Grossbritannien und Japan unter Venvendung der in Teil II getroffenen Fatstellungen analysiert. Daran schliessen sich Empfehlungen für die humane Kontrolle des Hundeübenchussbestandes in beiden Ländern.
Luxation of the Crystalline Lens in the Dog*
Authors: Lawson D. D. 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARYLuxation of the crystalline lens is a heritable defect in the dog and is virtually confined to a small group of terrier breeds.The condition is usually bilateral, although both eyes are not necessarily affected simultaneously. The lens may subluxate or dislocate, usually into the anterior chamber.Secondary glaucoma follows and leads to hydrophthalmos and gross damage to the eye. Lens extraction is effective in preventing hydrophthalmos if carried out sufficiently early, but is of little value, even if combined with a pressure relieving operation once hydrophthalmos is established.
Nephroblastoma in a Cat: The Effects of Nephrectomy and Occlusion of the Caudal Vena Cava
Authors: Potkay S. , Garman R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract— A nephroblastoma of the right kidney was observed in a young male cat. The affected kidney and a portion of the vena cava was surgically removed. After failure to establish a patent caval‐portal shunt, it was found that the vertebral vein system functioned as a bypass for caval blood flow. Metastatic tumor which became apparent in the lungs and peritoneum five and eight months after ablation of the primary tumor was removed by excision biopsy.Résumé—Un néphoroblastome du rein droit a été observé chez un jeune chat mâle. Le rein malade et une partie de la vena cava ont été enlevé chirurgicalement. Après un échec pour établir une anastomose caval‐portal pérméable, on a trouvé que le système veineux vertébral fonctionnait comme un court‐circuit pour le sang de la veine cave. Une tumeur métastatique apparue dans les poumons et le péritoine 5 et 8 mois après l'ablation de la tumeur a été enlevée par une biopsie d'exérèse.Zusammenfassung— Ein Nephroblastom der rechten Niere wurde bei einem jungen Kater fest‐gestellt. Die befallene Niere und ein Teil der Vena cava wurden chirurgisch entfernt. AIs es nicht gelungen war, eine offene Cava‐Porta‐Verbindung herzustellen, wurde festgestellt, dass das vertebrale Venensystem als Umgehung des Cavawegs diente. Metastatische Tumoren, die in den Lungen und im Peritoneum fünf und acht Monate nach der Entfernung des primären Tumors auftraten, wurden durch Excisionbiopsie entfernt.
Characterization of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai
Authors: QI HAI‐GANG , LIU XIAO , ZHANG GUO‐FAN 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe report here for the first time 12 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a commercially important gastropod, Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) that were identified by searching expressed sequence tag database. These SNP loci (seven nuclear and five mitochondrial SNPs) were polymorphic among 37 wild abalone individuals, based on a four‐primer allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction analysis. All loci had two alleles and the minor allele frequency ranged from 0.027 to 0.473. For the seven nuclear SNPs, the expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.053 to 0.499 and from 0.054 to 0.811, respectively.
Optimal design of agricultural landscapes for pollination services
Authors: Brosi Berry J. , Armsworth Paul R. , Daily Gretchen C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDeveloping landscape design principles for the provision of ecosystem services is crucial to efficient and widespread implementation of environmental service‐based projects. We investigate optimal farm design for agricultural pollination services from bees nesting in native habitat, integrating ecological and economic approaches in a spatial modeling framework. We evaluate the simplest case, and then add consideration of bee metapopulation dynamics and heterogeneity in farmland productivity. We find that the need for spatially even pollination coverage across farms means that bee habitat is often denser at the edges, rather than the centers, of optimally designed farms, and also highly constrains the ability of farmers to site bee habitat in less‐productive areas of farms with spatial gradients in agricultural fertility. Optimal farm configuration is not purely a matter of uniform size and spacing of bee habitat: in some circumstances, farms combine large parcels—to ensure bee population persistence—with smaller, dispersed patches to provide spatially continuous pollination services. The highest‐yield farm designs are those with a relatively small (but non‐zero) area of pollination reservoirs, suggesting a conservation strategy of small parcels of service‐providing habitat interspersed throughout working landscapes. The design principles outlined here are likely general and applicable to other ecosystem services supplied at local scales, such as agricultural pest control.
Agriculture and biodiversity conservation: opportunity knocks
Authors: Norris Ken 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe fact that the expansion and intensification of agriculture has been the major driver of past biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation globally is beyond dispute. It is highly likely that these trends will continue through the 21st century, unless action is taken to design effective management strategies for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. To do this, we first need to recognize that some biodiversity is retained in farmland, and that it is the degree of biodiversity retention that we need to understand and effectively manage. We need to understand which biodiversity components are retained as a natural ecosystem is converted to agriculture and why; how community dynamics affect biodiversity retention; and how we can effectively manage biodiversity retention. These questions are being addressed, but much remains to be done; and we have to accept that progress will be contentious. Challenging as these questions are, conservationists cannot address them in isolation. Multifunctional ecosystem science and policy linked to human well‐being is the ultimate goal. While the goal seems distant and daunting, integration between relevant research disciplines is happening, research funding is beginning to recognize the need for better integration and policy has to respond. Conservation science has a key role to play and must be ready to meet this challenge.
Toward monitoring global biodiversity
Authors: Baillie Jonathan E. M. , Collen Ben , Amin Rajan , Akcakaya H. Resit , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Brummitt Neil , Meagher Thomas R. , Ram Mala , Hilton‐Taylor Craig , Mace Georgina M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe world's governments have identified reducing the rate of biodiversity loss as a global priority. However, we lack robust measures of progress toward this target. Developing indicators that are generally representative of trends in global biodiversity has presented the scientific community with a significant challenge. Here we discuss the development and implementation of the IUCN Red List Index with a new sampled approach, permitting the assessment of the conservation status and trends of large, speciose taxonomic groups. This approach is based on the IUCN Red List and measures trends in extinction risk through time. The challenges in developing this new approach are addressed, including determining the species groups to be included in the index, identifying the minimum adequate samples size, and aggregating and weighting the index. Implementing this approach will greatly increase understanding of the status of the world's biodiversity by 2010, enabling the first assessment of a number of key groups.
Marginal crack after intravitreal bevacizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Sayanagi Kaori , Ikuno Yasushi , Soga Kaori , Wakabayashi Taku , Tano Yasuo 
Published: May 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  To report new indocyanine green angiographic (ICGA) findings after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV).Cases report:  Three eyes of three patients with mCNV were examined with fluorescein angiography (FA) and ICGA using Heidelberg Retinal Angiograph 2 and the conventional fundus camera before and after IVB. The cessation of angiographic leakage on FA was achieved in all eyes (100%) after IVB, however the hypofluorescent line delineating the margin of the neovascular tissue appeared in ICGA seemingly according to the contraction of mCNV. It was not detected either on FA or ICGA with the conventional camera. This hypofluorescence line enlarged over the time.Conclusion:  The contraction‐associated hypofluorescence line, namely marginal crack line, indicates the early damage of retinal pigment epithelium and seems to lead to expanding macular chorioretinal atrophy typically seen in mCNV.
Reduction Reaction to Thiol Group of Dithiobenzoate End Group in Polystyrene Polymerized by Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer
Authors: Nishi Hiroyasu , Kobatake Seiya 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
A dithiobenzoate end group of polystyrene generated by reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer radical polymerization was reduced to a thiol group in various reduction methods, and the structure of the products was analyzed using 1H NMR, IR, and MALDI-TOFMS. It was found that the side reactions including a dimerization of the polymers were observed and they can be prevented by a specific process.
Asymmetric Hetero Diels–Alder Reaction Catalyzed by Chromium Complexes of Heterogeneously Hybridized Salen/Salan Ligands
Authors: Eno Satomi , Egami Hiromichi , Uchida Tatsuya , Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Various heterogeneously or homogeneously hybridized salen/salan ligands were synthesized, and study of hetero Diels–Alder reactions using their chromium complexes as catalysts revealed that a well-designed heterogeneously hybridized ligand serves as a chiral auxiliary as efficiently as the homogeneously hybridized ligand and its chromium complex has high catalytic activity.
Excavating Chansonniers: Musical Archaeology and the Search for Popular Song
Authors: ALDEN JANE 
Published: May 2008

What constitutes popular song? This seems an unlikely question to raise in connection with chansonniers copied in the Loire Valley during the later decades of the fifteenth century. But in fact it was a special preoccupation with France's popular musical heritage that led to the discovery in the nineteenth century of the largest two such manuscripts—the Laborde and Dijon Chansonniers. A government-sponsored search for materials emblematic of national identity was directly responsible, in 1857, for bringing the Laborde Chansonnier to light. Although this manuscript was deemed “unable to qualify for the distinction of popularity,” when the Dijon Chansonnier emerged—at approximately the same time—there was a scholarly consensus regarding its popular contents.
Since ancient popular songs were believed to represent the indigenous heritage of the French people, the “Frenchness” of the songs unearthed was of paramount importance. But as many of the composers found in the Loire Valley chansonniers were born in areas under Burgundian control, their Frenchness was not self-evident.
The earliest explorations of the formes fixes chanson repertory were made as part of the search for the true songs of the people. Later scholars rejected the idea that polyphonic art songs, composed by known individuals, could be part of a popular song tradition. But in focusing on the composers in these manuscripts, rather than the artifacts themselves, they divorced this repertory from its historical context. In the 1920s, a group of scholars working in Paris offered a broader approach, one that considered the manuscripts as art objects in their own right. The pioneering work of these scholars suggested a type of inquiry that remains relevant today.