bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymicrobial bloodstream infections a risk factor for mortality in neonates at the national hospital, Tanzania: A case-control study
Authors: Manyahi Joel , Joachim Agricola , Msafiri Frank , Migiro Mary , Mwingwa Anthon , Kasubi Mabula , Naburi Helga , Majigo Mtebe Venance 
Published: April 2024

Background
Polymicrobial bloodstream infections (BSI) are difficult to treat since empiric antibiotics treatment are frequently less effective against multiple pathogens. The study aimed to compare outcomes in patients with polymicrobial and monomicrobial BSIs.

Methods
The study was a retrospective case-control design conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital for data processed between July 2021 and June 2022. Cases were patients with polymicrobial BSI, and controls had monomicrobial BSI. Each case was matched to three controls by age, admitting ward, and duration of admission. Logistic regression was performed to determine independent risk factors for in-hospital and 30-day mortality.

Results
Fifty patients with polymicrobial BSI and 150 with monomicrobial BSI were compared: the two arms had no significant differences in sex and comorbidities. The most frequent bacteria in polymicrobial BSI were Klebsiella pneumoniae 17% (17/100) and Enterobacter species 15% (15/100). In monomicrobial BSI, S. aureus 17.33% (26/150), Klebsiella pneumoniae 16.67% (25/150), and Acinetobacter species 15% (15/150) were more prevalent. Overall, isolates were frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics tested, and 52% (130/250) were multidrug resistance. The 30-day and in-hospital mortality were 33.5% (67/200) and 36% (72/200), respectively. On multivariable analysis, polymicrobial BSIs were independent risk factors for both in-hospital mortality (aOR 2.37, 95%CI 1.20–4.69, p = 0.01) and 30-day mortality (aOR 2.05, 95%CI 1.03–4.08), p = 0.04). In sub-analyses involving only neonates, polymicrobial BSI was an independent risk factor for both 30-day mortality (aOR 3.13, 95%CI 1.07–9.10, p = 0.04) and in-hospital mortality (aOR 5.08, 95%CI 1.60–16.14, p = 0.006). Overall, the median length of hospital stay post-BSIs was numerically longer in patients with polymicrobial BSIs.

Conclusion
Overall, polymicrobial BSI was a significant risk for mortality. Patients with polymicrobial BSI stay longer at the hospital than those with monomicrobial BSI. These findings call for clinicians to be more aggressive in managing polymicrobial BSI.
Greek Weird Wave: A Cinema of Biopolitics, Dimitris Papanikolaou (2021)
Authors: Eleftheriotis Dimitris 
Published: April 2024

Review of: Greek Weird Wave: A Cinema of Biopolitics, Dimitris Papanikolaou (2021)
Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 224 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47443-632-8, p/bk, £19.99
ISBN 978-1-47443-631-1, h/bk, £90
ISBN 978-1-47443-634-2, e-book, £90
ISBN 978-1-47443-633-5, e-book, £90
Anesthesia in A Patient with Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum (PA IVS) Underwent Bidirectional Cavo-Pulmonary Shunt (BCPS)
Authors: Palenteng Ronald Jan , Cintyandy Riza 
Published: April 2024

Background: Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) is a rare condition, encompassing approximately 1%–3% of congenital heart diseases. Patients with PA-IVS have functional single-ventricle physiology. The ultimate possible outcomes for patients with PA-IVS are biventricular circulation, 1.5-ventricle or single-ventricle palliation, or cardiac transplantation. The bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS) procedure directs flow from the superior vena cava into both the right and left pulmonary arteries, permitting flow to both lungs. The shunt is considered to be the second stage of palliation and is generally preparative for the third-stage Fontan procedure. The BCPS improves systemic arterial oxygen saturation without increasing ventricular work or pulmonary vascular resistance.Case: A 10-month-old, 25-day-old boy, weight 9.93 kg, body length 72 cm, diagnosed with PA-IVS, restricted persistent foramen ovale (PFO), right ventricle hypoplastic, and turtuous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), underwent BCPS, atrial septectomy, and PDA stent evacuation surgery. The patient underwent a PDA stenting and ballooning atrial septectomy (BAS) at 17 days of age at the cathlab. The patient was cyanotic with stable hemodynamics and a saturation of 72% preoperatively.Discussion: Preoperative fasting must be observed to maintain the patient's hydration state. Pulmonary blood flow and systemic blood flow must be balanced. An adequate analgetic can prevent pain stimuli that increase pulmonary vascular resistance. Drugs to reduce the afterload, such as milrinone, are needed. Mechanical ventilation was set to get PaCO2 between 40 and 45 mmHg. Maintain the normal heart beat, preload, and contractility to maintain cardiac output (CO) with saturation 80–85%. Wean from mechanical ventilation as soon as possible.Conclusion: Anesthetic management for BCPS in patients with single ventricles from the preoperative period, intraoperative period, and postoperative period. Understanding single ventricle phsiology is important in order to treat the patient.
Sample size estimation for AQP4-IgG seropositive optic neuritis: Retinal damage detection by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Lu Shuwen , Ma Chao , Du Yi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We recruited four aquaporin-4 seropositive optic neuritis patients (five eyes) who received glucocorticoid treatment and underwent optical coherence tomography examination. Baseline medians of the macular ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness and volume for the eye of interest were 79.67 µm (73.664 ± 18.497 µm) and 0.58 mm3 (0.534 ± 0.134 mm3), respectively. At 2 months, the medians of the mGCIPL thickness and volume were 60.00 µm (51.576 ± 12.611 µm) and 0.44 mm3 (0.376 ± 0.091 mm3), respectively. At 6 months, the medians of the mGCIPL thickness and volume were 59.55 µm (46.288 ± 11.876 µm) and 0.44 mm3 (0.336 ± 0.084 mm3), respectively. Sample size estimate was achieved using two methods based on the mGCIPL thickness and volume data, with five effect sizes considered. The estimate based on the mGCIPL volume showed that 206 patients were needed at the 6-month follow-up; the power was 80% and effect size was 20%. In conclusion, this study detected retinal damage in aquaporin-4 seropositive optic neuritis patients by optical coherence tomography, and estimated the sample size for two-sample parallel designed clinical trials using two methods.
Propagation criterion for monotone Boolean functions with least vector support set of 1 or 2 elements
Authors: Isaev Gleb A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The propagation criterion for monotone Boolean functions with least vector support sets consisting of one or two vectors is studied. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of the propagation criterion for a vector in terms of the Hamming weights of vectors in least vector support set depending on whether these vectors share some nonzero components with the given vector. We find the cardinality of the set of vectors satisfying the propagation criterion for such functions.
On the approximation of high-order binary Markov chains by parsimonious models
Authors: Kharin Yuriy S. , Voloshko Valeriy A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We consider two parsimonious models of binary high-order Markov chains and discover their ability to approximate arbitrary high-order Markov chains. Two types of global measures for approximation accuracy are introduced, theoretical and experimental results are obtained for these measures and for the considered parsimonious models. New consistent statistical parameter estimator is constructed for parsimonious model based on two-layer artificial neural network.
Asymptotically sharp estimates for the area of multiplexers in the cellular circuit model
Authors: Lozhkin Sergei A. , Zizov Vadim S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A general cellular circuit of functional and switching elements (CCFSE) is a mathematical model of integral circuits (ICs), which takes into account peculiarities of their physical synthesis. A principal feature of this model distinguishing it from the well-known classes of circuits of gates (CGs) is the presence of additional requirements on the geometry of the circuit which ensure the accounting of the necessary routing resources for IC creation. The complexity of implementation of a multiplexer function of Boolean algebra (FBA) in different classes of circuits has been extensively studied. In the present paper, we give asymptotically sharp upper and lower estimates for the area of a CCFSE implementing a multiplexer FBA of order n. We construct a family of circuit multiplexers of order n of area equal to the halved upper estimate, and provide a method of delivering the corresponding lower estimate.
Seismic resilience: Innovations in structural engineering for earthquake-prone areas
Authors: Al-Asadi Ali K. , Alrebeh Salih 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The contemporary structural engineering notion of "seismic resilience" is to yield a public to its pre-earthquake state in precise time. The goal of our research is the OMRF (Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame), which is mid-rise building that had exposed to several earthquakes. The research examined the constructions mechanical act and seismic confrontation.

Methods
For hazard evaluations, the building's proneness and functionality were measured using the Seismic Resilience Index (SRI) and delicateness tops. The course had five critical phases: Selecting the goal buildings, picking and ascending a assembly of repetitive seismic ground motion (SGM) archives, emerging brittleness outsides, manufacture incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), and scheming the functionality curve using the seismic resilience index (RI) are the other steps. Findings: It was evident from the hazard evaluation, which included IDA and flimsiness surface examination, that the nominated assemblies required the structural integrity needed to endure a 15-second repeated earthquake.

Novelty
As the probable seismic ground acceleration raised, it was also probable to figure the variation in functionality, SRI, resilience, structural losses, and the amount of time desirable to mend from numerous presentation stages. These outcomes highpoint the worth of cutting-edge structural engineering methods for educating buildings' seismic resilience in earthquake-prone districts. More resilient configurations that can better endure and recover from seismic shocks can be attained by addressing strategy errors and improving structural presentation.
Language ideologies and proximity: The position of German in Dutch secondary schools
Authors: Hovens Daan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper presents ongoing research on German as a foreign language in secondary education in the Netherlands. Specifically, it discusses the question what the language-ideological construct of proximity can tell us about people’s willingness to invest in German language education in this country. The paper is based on quantitative data about the number of German language learners in Dutch secondary education, as well as on qualitative data about the discourse surrounding German as a subject in Dutch secondary education. Through the perspective of proximity, the paper highlights three aspects of these data. First, it highlights the language-ideological nature of the historical separation of Dutch and German as two distinct language varieties. Second, it underlines the apparent foreignness of German language-culture as an explanation for the decline in the number of German language learners in the Netherlands. Third, it highlights the uneven distribution of the proportion of German language learners in the Netherlands, which may be explained by differences in the perceived proximity of Germanness in different parts of the country. Ultimately, the paper invites other researchers to consider the value of the notion of proximity for applied linguistics.
Experimentelle Untersuchung und numerische Analyse konvektiver Wärme- und Stofftransportprozesse in Salzschmelzen unter Wirkung von Magnetfeldern und Wärmestrahlung
Authors: Li Panxin , Calmbach Jasmin , Naumann Clemens , Resagk Christian , Cierpka Christian , Karcher Christian 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
In dieser Arbeit werden mit numerischen und experimentellen Methoden thermisch getriebene Konvektionsprozesse in Flüssigsalzen analysiert. Die Besonderheiten der Untersuchungen liegen darin, dass die in der Salzschmelze auftretenden Wärme- und Stofftransportprozesse zum einen aufgrund der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des Arbeitsmediums von den Wechselwirkungen mit Magnetfeldern sowie zum anderen aufgrund der Semi-Transparenz des Mediums und der vorliegenden hohen Arbeitstemperaturen von thermischen Strahlungsvorgängen beeinflusst werden. Die genaue Kenntnis der Geschwindigkeits- und Temperaturfelder bei Vorliegen dieser zusätzlichen Effekte ist beispielweise von Wichtigkeit für den sicheren und effizienten Betrieb von thermischen Energiespeichern und Flüssigmetall-Batterien, in denen Salzschmelzen als gängige Arbeitsstoffe eingesetzt werden. Bei der numerischen Analyse wird eine zweidimensionale Rayleigh-Bénard-Anordnung betrachtet, bei welcher der thermische Antrieb der Konvektion in der Salzschmelze durch Heizung von unten und Kühlung von oben erfolgt. Der Magnetfeldeinfluss wird in der quasi-statischen Näherung und der Strahlungseinfluss mittels der Rosseland-Approximation für optisch dicke Medien in Grenzschicht-Näherung modelliert. Die mittels eines Spektrale-Elemente-Verfahrens erzielten Simulationsergebnisse zeigen, dass es unter der Wirkung der zusätzlichen Effekte tendenziell zu einer deutlichen Verringerung des konvektiven Wärmetransport kommt. Dies ist die Folge der strömungsdämpfenden Wirkung der unter Magnetfeldeinfluss induzierten Lorentz-Kräfte und der zusätzlichen thermischen Diffusion durch den Strahlungseinfluss. Im experimentellen Teil der Arbeit wird berichtet, wie ein entsprechender Versuchsstand aufgebaut und instrumentiert wird, um die von der numerischen Analyse vorhergesagten Wirkungen in Modellexperimenten zu verifizieren. Des Weiteren werden Ergebnisse von ersten Testmessungen in Salzschmelzen vorgestellt, durch die erstmalig der Nachweis geführt wird, dass die optischen Verfahren der Particle-Image-Velocimetry und der Laser-Doppler-Anemometrie auch zur räumlich und zeitlich hochaufgelösten Geschwindigkeitsmessung in Salzschmelzen angewandt werden können.
A Return to Performance Framework to Effectively Complete the Rehabilitation Continuum for Elite Soccer
Authors: Choice Erin , Hooker Kayla , Downey Rebecca , Haugh Gabrielle 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Return from sport-related injury requires interprofessional collaboration to progress the athlete through a multistage rehabilitation continuum and successfully re-establish a performance level at or above the preinjury level. To achieve an optimal rehabilitation outcome, evidence-based exercise prescription must be considered throughout the entire continuum alongside typical milestones and testing outcomes. This prescription must also use match-play external load data within a multisystems program. This applied article focuses on the physical characteristics and training aspects after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and throughout the full rehabilitation continuum which includes 3 general phases: return to activity, sport, and performance. A 5 step framework is provided for the strength and conditioning specialist to effectively transition elite soccer athletes from return to sport to return to performance. This framework includes an expanded definition of the role of the strength and conditioning specialist during rehabilitation and outlines exercise prescription across the entire rehabilitation continuum. Improved interprofessional collaboration, decision making, and load management throughout transitions can aid in optimizing long-term outcomes for the athlete, including reduced risk of reinjury or new injury.
The Impact of Selected Lifestyle Factors on the Functional Fitness of Stroke Patients during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bosacka Małgorzata , Bączyk Grażyna 
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Stroke is the cause of death in approximately 30,000 Poles yearly. Assessment of the functional capacity of patients after stroke and the factors influencing its course is utterly important because it allows to determine the level of nursing care need.
Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the functional capacity of patients after stroke and the impact of lifestyle-related stroke risk factors on the effectiveness of rehabilitation depending on the type of stroke suffered during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Material and Methods. The study group included 89 patients (38 women and 51 men) after hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke hospitalized under early neurological rehabilitation. Functional fitness was assessed using the 20-point Barthel scale and the NHPT(Nine Hole Peg Test) test to assess hand function.
Results. The study reported a statistically significant impact of rehabilitation on the functional capacity of patients after stroke. The age influence on the type of stroke was also noticed — people with ischemic stroke were older compared to people with hemorrhagic stroke. Stroke patients with diabetes, hypertension or obesity achieved statistically worse results compared to patients without these comorbidities.
Conclusions. Age is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke. Furthermore people after stroke who suffer from diabetes, hypertension and obesity require more intensive rehabilitation. (JNNN 2023;12(4):157–163)
Impact of systemic treatments for advanced thyroid cancer on the adrenal cortex
Authors: Colombo Carla , Ceruti Daniele , Succi Massimiliano , De Leo Simone , Trevisan Matteo , Moneta Claudia , Fugazzola Laura 
Published: April 2024

Background
Fatigue is a frequent adverse event during systemic treatments for advanced thyroid cancer, often leading to reduction, interruption, or discontinuation. We were the first group to demonstrate a correlation between fatigue and primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI).

Aim
The objective was to assess the entire adrenal function in patients on systemic treatments.

Methods
ACTH, cortisol and all the hormones produced by the adrenal gland were evaluated monthly in 36 patients (25 on lenvatinib, six on vandetanib, and five on selpercatinib). ACTH stimulation tests were performed in 26 cases.

Results
After a median treatment period of 7 months, we observed an increase in ACTH values in 80–100% of patients and an impaired cortisol response to the ACTH test in 19% of cases. Additionally, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, ∆-4-androstenedione and 17-OH progesterone levels were below the median of normal values in the majority of patients regardless of the drug used. Testosterone in females and oestradiol in males were below the median of normal values in the majority of patients on lenvatinib and vandetanib. Finally, aldosterone was below the median of the normal values in most cases, whilst renin levels were normal. Metanephrines and normetanephrines were always within the normal range. Replacement therapy with cortisone acetate improved fatigue in 14/17 (82%) patients with PAI.

Conclusion
Our data confirm that systemic treatments for advanced thyroid cancer can lead to impaired cortisol secretion. A reduction in the other hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex has been first reported and should be considered in the more appropriate management of these fragile patients.
Coating of expanded polystyrene spheres by TiO2 and SiO2–TiO2 thin films
Authors: Miądlicki Piotr , Rychtowski Piotr , Tryba Beata 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExpanded polystyrene spheres (EPS) were coated by SiO2–TiO2 or TiO2 for application as a fluidized bed in the photocatalytic reactor. Silica coating was realized by the sol–gel process carried out in a vacuum evaporator at 60–70 °C. The most uniform and thin layer of silica coating was obtained by the Stöber method based on the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) catalysed by an ammonia solution. Effective TiO2 coating was obtained by the immersion of EPS in the titania aqueous suspension and evaporation of water in a vacuum evaporator. Heating of EPS spheres coated by SiO2, TiO2 or SiO2–TiO2 at the temperatures of 120–140 °C resulted in a shrinkage of their volume. For the thick layer coating, a strong corrugation of EPS surface was observed. The photocatalytic tests showed, that highly corrugated surface of coated EPS slowed down ethylene decomposition, whereas a thin layer coating of both, SiO2 and TiO2 was advantageous.
Graphical abstract
Experience of the Center for cystic fibrosis in the Omsk Region
Authors: Pavlinova E. B. , Safonova T. I. , Kirshina I. A. , Medvedeva D. A. , Korneeva T. Yu. , Basyukova N. A. , Shevlyakova A. A. 
Published: April 2024

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease caused by pathogenic variants in the nucleotide sequence of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. As the disease affects multiple organs, an integrated approach to the treatment is essential. The most effective model of providing medical care to patients with cystic fibrosis is the organization of specialized centers.Aim. To assess the effectiveness of specialized medical care for patients with cystic fibrosis in the Children’s Center for Cystic Fibrosis from 2011 to 2023.Methods. A comparative analysis of the Center’s activities was carried out using the National Register of Cystic Fibrosis Patients for 2011 and the medical records of patients registered for follow-up in 2023.Results. The average age of the children followed at the Center increased from 7.1 to 10.4 years (Mann – Whitney; p = 0.004). In 2023, cystic fibrosis was diagnosed primarily through newborn screening (Fisher; p = 0.000). The most common clinical picture was the mixed form of cystic fibrosis. 100% of pathological alleles were identified, the frequency of the F508del allele was 57.8 – 58.9%. A predominance of “severe” genotypes was noted. The incidence of chronic infection with P. aeruginosa decreased significantly (Fisher; p = 0.002) due to the optimization of antibacterial treatment regimens, strict adherence to the sanitary and epidemiological regulations, and the use of hospitalreplacement technologies. CFTR modulators have been used in patient care since 2021. The greatest clinical efficacy was observed with the use of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor + ivacaftor. By the 180th day of use in children, forced expiratory volume in 1 second improved from 63.3% to 84.2% (Wilcoxon; p = 0.001), and sweat chlorides decreased by 33 mmol/l (Wilcoxon; p = 0.0001). The results of the Center’s work in 2011 – 2023 are a consequence of improved approaches to specialized medical care for cystic fibrosis.Conclusion. The creation of a multidisciplinary team for the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis can significantly increase the level of care and improve the quality of life of patients.