bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AZD1152, a novel and selective aurora B kinase inhibitor, induces growth arrest, apoptosis, and sensitization for tubulin depolymerizing agent or topoisomerase II inhibitor in human acute leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yang Jing , Ikezoe Takayuki , Nishioka Chie , Tasaka Taizo , Taniguchi Ayuko , Kuwayama Yoshio , Komatsu Naoki , Bandobashi Kentaro , Togitani Kazuto , Koeffler H. Phillip , Taguchi Hirokuni , Yokoyama Akihito 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Aurora kinases play an important role in chromosome alignment, segregation, and cytokinesis during mitosis. We have recently shown that hematopoietic malignant cells including those from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) aberrantly expressed Aurora A and B kinases, and ZM447439, a potent inhibitor of Aurora kinases, effectively induced growth arrest and apoptosis of a variety of leukemia cells. The present study explored the effect of AZD1152, a highly selective inhibitor of Aurora B kinase, on various types of human leukemia cells. AZD1152 inhibited the proliferation of AML lines (HL-60, NB4, MOLM13), ALL line (PALL-2), biphenotypic leukemia (MV4-11), acute eosinophilic leukemia (EOL-1), and the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells with an IC50 ranging from 3 nM to 40 nM, as measured by thymidine uptake on day 2 of culture. These cells had 4N/8N DNA content followed by apoptosis, as measured by cell-cycle analysis and annexin V staining, respectively. Of note, AZD1152 synergistically enhanced the antiproliferative activity of vincristine, a tubulin depolymerizing agent, and daunorubicin, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, against the MOLM13 and PALL-2 cells in vitro. Furthermore, AZD1152 potentiated the action of vincristine and daunorubicin in a MOLM13 murine xenograft model. Taken together, AZD1152 is a promising new agent for treatment of individuals with leukemia. The combined administration of AZD1152 and conventional chemotherapeutic agent to patients with leukemia warrants further investigation.
The effect of a judicial declaration of competence on the perceived credibility of children and defendants
Authors: Connolly Deborah A. , Gagnon Nathalie C. , Lavoie Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose. Three studies were conducted to determine the effect of a judicial declaration of competence on perceptions of credibility towards a child witness and an adult defendant.Methods. Undergraduates read vignettes about a 5‐ or a 13‐year‐old child witness or an adult involved in either a sexual assault case or a motor vehicle accident case. In the child conditions, the case was either preceded by a declaration of the child's competence to testify (either specific or general declaration) or there was no mention of the competence of the child. Participants then rated the perceived credibility of both the complainant/witness and the defendant.Results. A judicial declaration of competence that was targeted at the particular child sometimes increased the credibility ratings of the child and decreased those of the defendant, sometimes to levels beyond those observed in the adult conditions. These effects on credibility were not replicated when a general declaration of all children's competence was used. In fact, the general declaration sometimes resulted in more positive ratings of the defendant.Conclusions. These results are discussed in the context of recommendations for the use of competence evaluations and declarations of competence in court.
The Myogenic Factor Myf5 Supports Efficient Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Enabling Transient Myoblast Amplification
Authors: Ustanina Svetlana , Carvajal Jaime , Rigby Peter , Braun Thomas 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The myogenic factor Myf5 defines the onset of myogenesis in mammals during development. Mice lacking both Myf5 and MyoD fail to form myoblasts and are characterized by a complete absence of skeletal muscle at birth. To investigate the function of Myf5 in adult skeletal muscle, we generated Myf5 and mdx compound mutants, which are characterized by constant regeneration. Double mutant mice show an increase of dystrophic changes in the musculature, although these mice were viable and the degree of myopathy was modest. Myf5 mutant muscles show a small decrease in the number of muscle satellite cells, which was within the range of physiological variations. We also observed a significant delay in the regeneration of Myf5 deficient skeletal muscles after injury. Interestingly, Myf5 deficient skeletal muscles were able to even out this flaw during the course of regeneration, generating intact muscles 4 weeks after injury. Although we did not detect a striking reduction of MyoD positive activated myoblasts or of Myf5-LacZ positive cells in regenerating muscles, a clear decrease in the proliferation rate of satellite cell-derived myoblasts was apparent in satellite cell-derived cultures. The reduction of the proliferation rate of Myf5 mutant myoblasts was also reflected by a delayed transition from proliferation to differentiation, resulting in a reduced number of myotube nuclei after 6 and 7 days of culture. We reason that Myf5 supports efficient skeletal muscle regeneration by enabling transient myoblast amplification.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Phosphoserine Phosphatase Is Expressed in the Neural Stem Cell Niche and Regulates Neural Stem and Progenitor Cell Proliferation
Authors: Nakano Ichiro , Dougherty Joseph D. , Kim Kevin , Klement Ivan , Geschwind Daniel H. , Kornblum Harley I. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP) metabolizes the conversion of l-phosphoserine to l-serine, classically known as an amino acid necessary for protein and nucleotide synthesis and more recently suggested to be involved in cell-to-cell signaling. Previously, we identified PSP as being enriched in proliferating neural progenitors and highly expressed by embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells, suggesting a general role in stem cells. Here we demonstrate that PSP is highly expressed in periventricular neural progenitors in the embryonic brain. In the adult brain, PSP expression was observed in slowly dividing or quiescent glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells and CD24-positive ependymal cells in the forebrain germinal zone adjacent to the lateral ventricle and within GFAP-positive cells of the hippocampal subgranular zone, consistent with expression in adult neural stem cells. In vitro, PSP overexpression promoted proliferation, whereas small interfering RNA-induced knockdown inhibited proliferation of neural stem cells derived from embryonic cortex and adult striatal subventricular zone. The effects of PSP knockdown were partially rescued by exogenous l-serine. These data support a role for PSP in neural stem cell proliferation and suggest that in the adult periventricular germinal zones, PSP may regulate signaling between neural stem cells and other cells within the stem cell niche.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Concise Review: Trends in Stem Cell Proteomics
Authors: Baharvand Hossein , Fathi Ali , van Hoof Dennis , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGene expression analyses of stem cells (SCs) will help to uncover or further define signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of self-renewal, pluripotency, and/or multipotency. In recent years, proteomic approaches have produced a wealth of data identifying proteins and mechanisms involved in SC proliferation and differentiation. Although many proteomics techniques have been developed and improved in peptide and protein separation, as well as mass spectrometry, several important issues, including sample heterogeneity, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interaction, and high-throughput quantification of hydrophobic and low-abundance proteins, still remain to be addressed and require further technical optimization. This review summarizes the methodologies used and the information gathered with proteome analyses of SCs, and it discusses biological and technical challenges for proteomic study of SCs.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
First reported case of intrachromosomal cryptic inv dup del Xp in a boy with developmental retardation
Authors: Dupont Celine , Lebbar Aziza , Teinturier Cecile , Baverel Françoise , Viot Geraldine , Le Tessier Dominique , Le Bozec Jerome , Cuisset Laurence , Dupont Jean‐Michel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe report here on a 6‐year‐old boy referred to the laboratory for karyotyping and SHOX microdeletion testing. The most significant clinical findings in this boy were small stature, Madelung deformity, facial dysmorphism, mild mental retardation and behavioral problems. R‐, G‐ and RTBG‐banding chromosome analysis showed a normal male karyotype. Fine molecular characterization, by FISH, of terminal Xp microdeletion revealed an associated partial duplication. Further refinement of the molecular analysis indicated an inverted duplication of the Xp22.31–Xp22.32 (13.7 Mb) region including the STS, VCX‐A and KAL1 genes, associated with a terminal Xp deletion Xp22.33‐Xpter (3.6 Mb) encompassing the SHOX and ARSE genes. Such rearrangements have been characterized for other chromosomal pairs, but this is the first reported male patient involving the short arm of the X chromosome. Molecular analysis of the maternal and patient's microsatellite markers showed interchromatid mispairing leading to non‐allelic homologous recombination to be the most likely mechanism underlying this rearrangement. This case highlights the importance of clinically driven FISH investigations in order to uncover cryptic micro‐rearrangements. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and characterization of magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Fuchs A. , Zhang Q. , Elkins J. , Gordaninejad F. , Evrensel C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new class of materials termed magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are developed that respond to externally imposed magnetic fields. Magnetic particles are embedded in viscoelastic solids or liquid elastomeric precursors. This kind of composite demonstrates a unique combination of good magnetic controllability and elastic properties. Polybutadiene (hydrocarbon based) based polyurethane MREs are developed because of their thermooxidative, hydrolytic, and chemical resistance. The structure–property relationships of polyurethane–MREs are investigated using several characterization techniques. Morphological features such as interdomains of soft and hard segments are identified with tapping‐mode atomic force microscopy. The thermal and mechanical behavior is evaluated with dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and stress–strain tests. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of high solid content aqueous polyurethane dispersion
Authors: Li Qing‐An , Sun Dong‐Cheng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAqueous polyurethane (APU) dispersions having a solid content of 50% were synthesized using dimethyol propionic acid (DMPA) as the stabilizing moiety. The principal diols used were poly‐1,4‐butylene adipate glycol (PBA). The diisocyanates used in this study were a 30:70 blend of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). All these samples were neutralized using triethylamine (TEA) and chain‐extended using ethylene diamine (EDA). The effects of the COOH content, NCO/OH molar ratio, and molecular weight (Mn) of PBA on the properties of APU dispersion and its cast film were studied. Dynamic light scattering results revealed that these high solid content dispersions shown broad particle size distributions as well as bimodal. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) results showed that as the hard segment content increased, the melting point (Tm) of the APU cast film increased, but the glass transition temperature (Tg) did not show significant alteration, when a PBA lower than 1000 Mn was used, the APU exhibited faint soft‐segment crystallization and tended to form amorphous polymer. Tensile and T‐peel strength tests attained excellent mechanical properties, such as a maximum Young's modulus of 166 MPa and the elongation at break reached to 2000%. T‐peel strength test (PVC/PVC) yielded a maximum peel strength value of 8.8 N/mm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Mechanical properties of HDPE/bark flour composites
Authors: Sewda Kamini , Maiti S. N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTensile and impact properties of Neem bark flour (BF) containing high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were studied at 0–0.26 volume fraction of filler. Tensile modulus and strength and breaking elongation decreased with increase in BF concentration. The decrease in tensile modulus and strength was attributed to the decrease in crystallinity of the polymer compared to the imposed mechanical restraint by the BF. Analysis of tensile strength data indicated formation of stress concentration in the interphase. Because of this stress concentration and the mechanical restraint, the elongation‐at‐break and Izod impact strength decreased. Use of a coupling agent, HDPE‐g‐MAH, brings about enhanced phase adhesion, increasing the tensile modulus and strength. Enhanced adhesion marginally lowers composite ductility at higher filler contents and aids stress transfer increasing the Izod impact strength inappreciably. Scanning electron microscopic studies indicated better dispersion of BF particles and enhanced interphase adhesion in presence of the coupling agent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Reaction kinetics, thermal properties of tetramethyl biphenyl epoxy resin cured with aromatic diamine
Authors: Fu Tiezhu , Zhang Gang , Zhong Shuangling , Zhao Chengji , Shao Ke , Wang Lifeng , Na Hui 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEpoxy resins, 4, 4′‐diglycidyl (3, 3′, 5, 5′‐tetramethylbiphenyl) epoxy resin (TMBP) containing rigid rod structure as a class of high performance polymers has been researched. The investigation of cure kinetics of TMBP and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin (DGEBA) cured with p‐phenylenediamine (PDA) was performed by differential scanning calorimeter using an isoconversional method with dynamic conditions. The effect of the molar ratios of TMBP to PDA on the cure reaction kinetics was studied. The results showed that the curing of epoxy resins contains different stages. The activation energy was dependent of the degree of conversion. At the early of curing stages, the activation energy showed the activation energy took as maximum value. The effects of rigid rod groups and molar ratios of TMBP to PDA for the thermal properties were investigated by the DSC, DMA and TGA. The cured 2/1 TMBP/PDA system with rigid rod groups and high crosslink density had shown highest Tg and thermal degradation temperature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Multifunctional covalent and ionic coupling agents of maleic anhydride modified polyethylene
Authors: Colbeaux Aimeline , Fenouillot Françoise , David Laurent , Gerard Jean‐François , Taha Mohamed , Wautier Henri 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAmine and alcohol functional dendritic polymers were used as covalent coupling agents for maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and their efficiency compared with metallic salt and zinc acetate, acting as an ionic coupling agent. The crosslinking reactions in the molten state were carried out at 150°C in an internal mixer and the resulting modified polyethylenes were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis and Small angle X‐ray Scattering. These agents led to efficient coupling and crosslinking. The covalent coupling reactions were conducted in a heterogeneous multiphase system: The kinetics of crosslinking depends on the nature of the coupling agent: at 150°C, the reactions were completed within 5 min. with the amine hyperbranched polymer and 20 min. with the alcohol functionalized dendritic polymer. The zinc acetate forms ionic interactions with the grafted polyethylene in less than 1 min. Ionic interactions are thermo mechanically reversible; they correspond to electronic density fluctuations evidenced by SAXS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Swelling and dye sorption studies of AAm/SA hydrogels crosslinked by glutaraldehyde and divinylbenzene
Authors: Üzüm Ömer Barış , Kundakci Semiha , Durukan H. Berna , Karadağ Erdener 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHighly swollen acrylamide (AAm)/sodium acrylate (SA) hydrogels were prepared by free radical solution polymerization in aqueous solution of AAm with SA as comonomer and two multifunctional crosslinkers such as glutaraldehyde (GL) and divinylbenzene (DVB). Water absorption and percentage swelling were determined gravimetrically. The influence of SA content in hydrogels was examined. Percentage swelling ratio of AAm/SA hydrogels was increased up to 2946–12,533%, while AAm hydrogels swelled up to 1326–1618%. The values of equilibrium water content of the hydrogels are between 0.9297–0.9921. Diffusion behavior was investigated. Water diffusion into hydrogels was found to be non‐Fickian in character. Adsorption properties of AAm/SA hydrogels in aqueous thionin solution have been investigated. Finally, the amount of sorbed thionin per gram of dry hydrogel (qe) was calculated to be 4.81 × 10−6−11.69 × 10−6 mol thionin per gram for hydrogels. Removal efficiency (RE%) of the AAm/SA hydrogels was changed range 37.03–68.82%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Wissenschaftsstädte – Zur Bedeutung des Topos der ‘kreativen Stadt’ für die Wissensproduktion
Authors: Heßler Martina 
Published: May 2007

AbstractScience Cities: What the Concept of the Creative City Means for Knowledge Production. – The article aims to show that the relationship of science and the city has changed since the 1970s in the context of the knowledgeable society. While cities have principally been regarded as the typical space of science, of new ideas and innovation for centuries, since the 1960s and 1970s universities, research institutes as well as industrial research institutes have relocated to the periphery of cities. There, however, these sites of knowledge have been organized in an ‘urban mode’. That means that the concept of the city as a place of science and innovation has determined the architectural, spatial, and social organization of these sites on the periphery of cities. Certain features of the city have been copied, such as social infrastructures, places of communication, restaurants, cafes etc., while others have been left out – housing, cinema, theatre etc. An ‘urban mode of knowledge production’ in the sense of a very stylized model of the city has become a tool to enhance the production of scientific and technological knowledge. – The article exemplifies this by focusing on a case study, namely of the so‐called ‘Science City’ of the Siemens Company in Munich‐Neuperlach.
Acute hydrodynamic forces and apoptosis: A complex question
Authors: Mollet Mike , Godoy‐Silva Ruben , Berdugo Claudia , Chalmers Jeffrey J 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA second generation flow contraction device was developed and modeled which allows cells to be subjected to well‐defined hydrodynamic forces. Studies were conducted with this system on wild‐type Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO‐K1) and a strain of CHO cells which expresses the human Bcl‐2▵ gene (CHO‐bcl‐2). In this study, the following questions were asked: (1) Does an acute hydrodynamic force induce apoptosis in wild‐type CHO and CHO‐bcl‐2 cells? (2) Does the type of culture media make a difference with respect to the induction of apoptosis or necrosis? and (3) Does culture history affect induction of apoptosis or necrosis? The results obtained with this new flow contraction device and corresponding computer simulations are consistent with previously published studies with respect to the level of energy dissipation rate (EDR) required to create significant cell lysis. Second, while detectable relative to the control in the T‐flask experiments, only a small fraction of the cells become apoptotic when exposed to a sub‐lysis level of EDR (<108 W · m−3). Third, cells cultured in suspension with serum free media do not exhibit any higher or lower sensitivity (with respect to apoptosis) to various levels of EDR when compared to control cultures grown in T‐flask and serum containing media; on the other hand, necrosis is significantly increased in experiments performed on suspended cells without serum. Fourth, the addition of the Bcl‐2 gene product might slightly reduce the occurrence of apoptosis in T‐flask culture; however, the baseline response is so low that the difference is insignificant. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 772–788. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New method to determine the mass transfer resistance of sterile closures for shaken bioreactors
Authors: Anderlei Tibor , Mrotzek Christian , Bartsch Stefan , Amoabediny Ghassem , Peter Cyril P. , Büchs Jochen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper a novel and easily applied method to measure the mass transfer resistance of the sterile closures (e.g. cotton plug) of shaken bioreactors is introduced. This method requires no investment in special equipment (e.g. an oxygen sensor) and can be performed with the materials usually available in typical laboratories. The method is based on the model of Henzler et al. (1986), which mechanistically describes mass transfer through the sterile closure of a shaken bioreactor based on diffusion coupled with Stefan convection. The concentration dependency of the multi‐component diffusion coefficients is taken into account. The water loss from two equivalent shaken bioreactors equipped with sterile closures during several days of shaking is measured. One flask contains distilled water, the other a saturated salt solution. From the water evaporation rate in each of the two flasks, the new model presented calculates the relative humidity in the environment, the average diffusion coefficient of oxygen in the sterile closure ($D_{{\rm O}_2 }$), and the diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide ($D_{{\rm CO}_2 }$). The diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide ($D_{{\rm CO}_2 }$) only depends on the density and material properties of the sterile closure and not on the gas concentrations and is, therefore, an ideal parameter for the characterization of the mass transfer resistance. This new method is validated experimentally by comparing the diffusion coefficient of oxygen ($D_{{\rm O}_2 }$) to a measurement by the classic dynamic method; and by comparing the calculated relative humidity in the environment to a humidity sensor measurement. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 999–1007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.