bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy of prophylactic hoof health examination and trimming during midlactation in reducing the incidence of lameness during late lactation in dairy cows
Authors: Hernandez Jorge A. , Garbarino Eduardo J. , Shearer Jan K. , Risco Carlos A. , Thatcher William W. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To assess the efficacy of prophylactic hoof health examination and trimming during midlactation at reducing the incidence of lameness during late lactation in dairy cows.
Design—Randomized field trial.
Animals—333 Holstein cows.
Procedures—Cows without apparent lameness were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 groups approximately 204 days after calving. Cows allocated to the treatment group (n = 161) were examined on a tilt table for diagnosis and underwent hoof-trimming procedures, if needed, for treatment of hoof disorders or lesions. Cows in the control group (n = 172) were not examined. Cows were assigned a locomotion score weekly for 28 weeks after allocation to a group. The number of cows classified as lame during late lactation (approx 205 to 400 days after calving) was compared between groups to assess the efficacy of prophylactic examination and trimming.
Results—Incidence of lameness during late lactation was 24% in cows in the control group and 18% in cows in the treatment group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The 25% decrease in number of new cases of lameness in cows undergoing prophylactic hoof health examination and trimming during midlactation may be relevant for the well-being of dairy cows and should not represent a major economic burden to producers.
Detection of Rhinovirus in Turbinate Epithelial Cells of Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Jang Yong Ju , Kwon Hyun-Ja , Park Hyung-Wook , Lee Bong-Jae 
Published: December 2006

Background In contrast to the well-established association of rhinovirus (RV) with acute sinusitis, little is known about the role of RV infections in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis. Therefore, we assayed the nasal cavity mucosae of chronic sinusitis patients lacking signs of acute viral infection for the presence of RV. Methods Nasal lavage fluids and turbinate epithelial cells from 39 sinusitis patients and 27 control subjects were tested. Turbinate epithelial cells were collected using a Rhino-probe mucosal curette. Picornavirus was assayed by an initial reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and picornavirus-positive samples were assayed by nested reverse-transcription PCR to detect RV. Results All lavage fluids from both groups, as well as control epithelial cells, were negative for picornavirus. In contrast, 8 of 39 (21%) epithelial cell samples from sinusitis patients were positive for picornavirus. RV-specific nested-PCR revealed that all eight of these samples were positive for RV. Conclusion The detection of RV in the turbinate epithelial cells of chronic sinusitis patients suggests that RV may be important in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis.
Topical Steroid Drops for the Treatment of Sinus Ostia Stenosis in the Postoperative Period
Authors: DelGaudio John M. , Wise Sarah K. 
Published: December 2006

Background Chronic oral steroid use causes significant morbidity, including osteoporosis, immunosuppression, and adrenal insufficiency. Refractory chronic rhinosinusitis patients often take repeated oral steroid courses to treat polypoid disease or sinus ostia stenosis. This study evaluated topical steroid drop efficacy in treating recurrent sinus ostia stenosis in the postoperative period. Methods The 5-year single institution experience with topical steroid drop use after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was evaluated by retrospective review. Patients were included if they began topical dexamethasone ophthalmic, prednisolone ophthalmic, or ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic intranasally (used off-label) within 3 months after ESS. Outcomes (i.e., ostia patency, oral steroid use, revision surgery, and complications) were assessed for a 6-month period after steroid drop initiation. Results Thirty-six patients met inclusion criteria. Forty-four surgeries were performed during the study period; 67 sides were treated postoperatively with topical steroid drops. In 86.6% of cases, steroid drops were used to treat frontal ostium stenosis or frontal recess edema; 93.2% of surgeries were revision procedures. Sixty-four percent of sinuses were treated successfully with topical steroid drops, 14.9% remained stable, and 20.9% failed. Reasons for failure included persistent/worsening edema, scarring, or noncompliance. Ten patients (27.8%) required oral steroids and 4 patients (6%) underwent revision surgery during the study period. One case of adrenal suppression occurred. Conclusion Topical steroid drops are beneficial in preventing sinus ostia stenosis in the postoperative period and may decrease the propensity toward repeated oral steroid therapy. This is particularly noteworthy in this challenging cohort, largely composed of revision frontal sinus surgery patients.
Brain Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Findings in Patients with Posttraumatic Anosmia and Comparison with Radiological Imaging
Authors: Eftekhari Mohammad , Assadi Majid , Kazemi Majid , Saghari Mohsen , Mojtahedi Alireza , Fard-Esfahani Armagan , Sichani Babak Fallahi , Beiki Davood 
Published: December 2006

Background Different techniques in neuroimaging have been proposed for assessment of olfactory dysfunction but they are not without limitations. Recently, some studies showed the usefulness of single photon emission–computed tomography (SPECT) in evaluation of patients with posttraumatic anosmia. This study was designed to assess the possible diagnostic value of SPECT findings in patients with posttraumatic anosmia in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/CT imaging. Methods Sixteen patients who had head trauma and consequently anosmia, which was defined according to Cain's identification test, were included in this study. Two nonanosmic groups, traumatic patients and nontraumatic healthy individuals, were selected as control groups for this study. Qualitative and semiquantitative brain perfusion SPECT was performed by measuring the uptake ratio of the orbital frontal cortex to occipital pole in the sagittal projections (uptake index). All 16 target patients had a previous CT scan and/or MRI. Semiquantitative and qualitative brain perfusion SPECT were compared with radiological imaging. Results Semiquantitative assessment of brain perfusion SPECT revealed remarkable orbital frontal hypoperfusion as compared with two control groups. 87.5% of anosmic patients showed orbital frontal hypoperfusion (≥2 SD below the lowest level in healthy controls). In addition, the semiquantitative SPECT method detected more orbitofrontal abnormality than the qualitative method or radiological imaging (MRI and/or CT). Conclusion Findings suggest that by using SPECT, posttraumatic anosmia corresponds to the hypoperfusion in the orbital frontal cortex in a great number of patients. Because of its availability, rather low cost, technical ease, and possibility to obtain objective quantitative information, brain perfusion SPECT can be complementary to other diagnostic techniques in the evaluation of olfactory function, although additional neurophysiological and imaging studies are needed.
The Relationship between Atopy and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Robinson Simon , Douglas Richard , Wormald Peter-John 
Published: December 2006

Background The aim of this study was to determine whether atopy influences either clinical and radiological severity or surgical revision rates in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods Patients who had been scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery were classified as having CRS or nasal polyposis. Their atopic status was determined by ImmunoCAP testing. Disease severity was assessed clinically by the Lund symptom and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT-20) quality-of-life scores and radiologically by the Lund-Mackay CT score. Results One hundred ninety-three consecutive patients with rhinosinusitis were included in the study. The prevalence of atopy in this group was found to be 30%. No association was found between atopic status and Lund symptom scores. Analysis of the SNOT-20 scores indicated that atopic patients had higher sneezing scores (p < 0.03), reduced productivity (p < 0.01), and reduced concentration (p < 0.01). The mean CT score was significantly higher in the atopic patients than in nonatopic patients overall (14.2 ± 1.6 versus 12.2 ± 1.3; p = 0.05), although within each of the clinical subgroups no statistically significant relationship was observed between a patients’ atopic status and their CT scores. The rate of revision surgery was not significantly different between atopic and nonatopic patients. Conclusion These results suggest that atopic status has minimal impact on the severity of CRS.
Do Nasal Polyps and Inverted Papilloma have Similar Disorders in Cell Cycle Regulation?
Authors: Robinson Simon , Tan Lor-Wai , James Craig , Karakousis Angelo , Wormald Peter-John 
Published: December 2006

Background The aim of this study was to determine the expression of cell cycle regulation genes in patients with inverted papilloma (IP) and compare this with expression in patients with nasal polyps (NPs). Methods Tissue from 18 patients with IP and 5 patients with NPs were stained by immunohistochemistry techniques for p53 and p27. Measurement of the gene expression was performed by three assessors, who we blinded with respect to the specimens. Results The mean score for p53 expression (3.33) was significantly higher in the IP group than the NP group (1.46). The mean difference between IP and NPs was 1.80 (CI, 1.15–2.46; p = 0.003). Additionally, we showed in a number of individuals variation in the p53 expression within the same specimen. There was no difference in the mean scores for p27, with the mean difference 0.79 (CI, 0.30–1.89; p = 0.147). Conclusion Our study established a significantly increased expression of p53 in IP when compared with NPs. Additionally, there appear to be two different cell populations identified within the same specimens, which exhibited variation in their p53 expression.
Long-Term Effect of Stenting after an Endoscopic Modified Lothrop Procedure
Authors: Banhiran Wish , Sargi Zoukaa , Collins William , Kaza Sarita , Casiano Roy 
Published: December 2006

Background The aim of this study was to study the effect of stenting with a silastic sheet on the long-term patency of the common frontal ostium after an endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of prospectively collected data at an academic tertiary referral center, where 72 patients underwent an EMLP between 1996 and 2003. Patency of the common frontal ostium was studied as an ordinal variable with three classes (patent, stenotic, and closed). Results A common ostium was endoscopically visualized in 94% of the patients (61.1% patent and 33.3% stenotic). Symptoms improved in 75% of the patients. A significant positive correlation was found between ostium patency and symptom improvement. Twenty-five patients were stented postoperatively. There was no statistical difference between the stented and the nonstented groups with regards to ostium patency and symptoms improvement. Conclusion Short-term stenting does not appear to reduce the rate of postoperative stenosis of the common frontal ostium after an EMLP.
Medical and Surgical Considerations in Patients with Samter's Triad
Authors: McMains K. Christopher , Kountakis Stilianos E. 
Published: December 2006

Background The aim of this study was to report on objective and subjective outcomes of patients with Samter's triad (ST) treated with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), and correlate these results with aspirin desensitization (DS) in patients. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in 15 patients requiring revision FESS after failing maximum medical therapy and prior sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis in the context of ST. Five patients underwent aspirin DS and 10 patients did not (non-DS). These patients represent a subset of patients previously reported who were treated in a tertiary rhinology setting over a 3-year period (1999–2001). CT scans were graded according to the Lund-Mackay grading scale and symptom scores were assessed using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-20). Endoscopy was scored according to the Rhinosinusitis Task Force methodology. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Results Preoperative CT scores were 20.1 ± 1.9 for non-DS patients and 20.4 ± 2.0 for DS patients (p = NS). Preoperative and postoperative SNOT-20 scores for non-DS patients were 31.8 ± 3.9 and 8.8 ± 1.7, respectively, as compared with 32.0 ± 3.6 and 7.3 ± 1.7 for DS patients (p = NS). Preoperative and postoperative endoscopy scores for non-DS patients were 7.6 ± 1.2 and 2.0 ± 0.4, respectively, as compared with 7.6 ± 1.3 and 1.1 ± 0.4 for DS patients (p = NS). Of DS patients, none required additional surgery whereas 8 of 10 non-DS patients required additional revision during the follow-up period (p = 0.003). Conclusion Revision FESS benefits patients with ST; however, the addition of aspirin DS decreases the likelihood that patients with ST will require additional surgical intervention over a 2-year period.
Role of FEF25–75 as an Early Marker of Bronchial Impairment in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Ciprandi Giorgio , Cirillo Ignazio , Klersy Catherine , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Vizzaccaro Andrea , Pallestrini Eugenio , Tosca Mariangela 
Published: December 2006

Background Allergic rhinitis may be associated with asthma. Forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75) is a measure of small airways narrowing. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) without symptoms of asthma might, nevertheless, have airways obstruction both in and out of the pollen season. Methods Fifty patients (mean age, 23.7 ± 4.9 years) with SAR were evaluated both during and outside the pollen season. All of them had moderate–severe grade of nasal obstruction. Total symptom score, rhinomanometry, nasal lavage, nasal scraping, spirometry, and methacholine (MCH) bronchial challenge were assessed in all subjects. Results Although data on forced vital capacity and response to MCH were similar in and out of the pollen season, all other parameters were markedly different. The major finding of the study was that FEF25–75 was significantly associated with nearly all of the parameters considered, including bronchial hyperreactivity, with Pearson R ranging from 31 to 75% and differences in mean FEF25–75 ranging between 14.5 and 16.5% of predicted. The more significant association was with nasal airflow in the pollen season (R = 82.8%; p < 0.001). A significant association persisted for all parameters while controlling for season. Conclusion This study highlights the link between upper and lower airways and the role of FEF25–75 as an early marker of bronchial impairment in those patients with SAR alone.
An Assessment of Sinus Quality of Life and Pulmonary Function in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Friedman Ellen M. , Stewart Michael 
Published: December 2006

Background Treatment of patents with cystic fibrosis (CF) is primarily directed at the lungs. However, there is a growing feeling that the status of the sinuses may have a profound influence on the status of the lungs in these patients. A number of investigators have demonstrated a relationship among coexisting rhinitis, sinusitis, other upper airway conditions, and lung disease. Several studies have shown that treatment and resolution of sinusitis results in an improvement in a number of pulmonary conditions. We hypothesize that pulmonary function test scores will be lower in patients with CF with more severe sinusitis. Methods Consecutive CF patients were asked to complete a sinus-specific quality-of-life instrument, the 16-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-16), and these scores, were compared to FEV1 scores. Results Univariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between SNOT-16 and FEV1 in patients under the age of 12. There was a trend toward significance in the older children and evaluation of the raw data shows that children with the highest FEV1 had the lowest SNOT-16. Conclusion This study indicates that the severity of sinus disease correlates with the severity of pulmonary disease in CF patients under the age of 12. We plan to use the SNOT-16 to assess sinus interventions on pulmonary status.
Differential Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factors on Scratch Wound Repair in Respiratory Epithelial Cells
Authors: Adams Damian H. , McIntosh David , Wormald Peter-John , Cowin Allison J. 
Published: December 2006

Background Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) I and II, being potent promoters of cellular growth and differentiation, were investigated for their effectiveness in improving the rate of scratch closure in human respiratory epithelium in vitro. Methods Human epithelial cell lines from the nasal, bronchial, and tracheal regions were analyzed for their response to IGF-I and IGF-II, in a confluent monolayer scratch assay. IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) produced by certain cells are able to reduce the effectiveness of the IGFs. Consequently, the analogues LongR3 IGF-I, Des1–3 IGF-I and Arg3 IGF-I were investigated also because of their lower affinity for the IGFBPs, while still retaining unaffected affinity for the IGF-I receptor. Results All growth factors that were analyzed significantly improved the rate of scratch closure in bronchial and tracheal epithelial cells (p ≤ 0.05). In comparison, scratch closure was markedly slower in nasal epithelial cells and IGF-I was the most effective growth factor at effecting scratch closure in these cells. The IGF-I analogues did not significantly improve scratch closure compared with IGF-I, despite the presence of IGFBP-3 in nasal, bronchial, and tracheal epithelial cells. Conclusion Addition of IGF-I to wounded nasal epithelial cells increases the rate of scratch closure and therefore may have potential for improving the healing of the nasal mucosa.
The Role of Mitomycin C in Surgery of the Frontonasal Recess: A Prospective Open Pilot Study
Authors: Amonoo-Kuofi Kwame , Lund Valerie J. , Andrews Peter , Howard David J. 
Published: December 2006

Background Mitomycin C (MMC) inhibits fibroblast proliferation. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of MMC in reducing frontal ostium stenosis after endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods A prospective open pilot study was conducted in 28 patients who had undergone one or more previous surgical interventions for frontal sinusitis. MMC solution was applied to the frontal ostial region via an endoscopic or combined endoscopic and external approach. Patency of the frontal ostium was evaluated endoscopically during regular follow-up. If restenosis was observed further, endoscopic application of MMC was undertaken. Results There were 17 men and 11 women (mean age, 51.7 years; range, 26–86 years). Mean number of applications was 1.5 (range, 1:3). Mean follow-up was 19 months (range, 6–32 months). Patency rate was 86%. Conclusion Mitomycin appears to have an important role in reducing postoperative scarring, which may obviate the need for repeated and more extensive surgery.
The Up-Regulated Expression of Tenascin C in Human Nasal Polyp Tissues is Related to Eosinophil-Derived Transforming Growth Factor β1
Authors: Liu Zheng , Lu Xiang , Wang Heng , Gao Qixue , Cui Yonghua 
Published: December 2006

Background Tissue remodeling is an important characteristic of nasal polyps (NPs). However, the mechanisms underlying the remodeling processes are poorly defined. This study investigated the role of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and eosinophils in the expression of tenascin C (Tn-C), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, in NPs. Methods The protein expression of Tn-C and TGF-β1 was examined by means of immunohistochemistry in NPs and normal control inferior turbinate tissues. Furthermore, cell culture, quantitative RT-PCR, and in situ immunocytofluorescence techniques were used to investigate the direct effect of TGF-β1 and eosinophils on Tn-C production in primary nasal epithelial cells. Results Tn-C protein expression was significantly up-regulated in NP tissues and correlated with TGF-β1+ eosinophils. TGF-β1 and eosinophils dramatically induced Tn-C mRNA and protein expression in nasal epithelial cells. The effect of eosinophils could be inhibited partly by a neutralizing antibody to TGF-β1. Conclusion Eosinophil-derived TGF-β1 may contribute, at least in part, to the tissue remodeling in NPs.
The role of Accompanying Sinonasal Abnormalities in the Outcome of Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Eyigör Hülya , Ünsal A. İpek , Ünsal Alparslan 
Published: December 2006

Background Acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction may occur simultaneously and possibly as a consequence of sinonasal disease, because the nasolacrimal system is anatomically related to important nasal and sinus structures. Methods Thirty-seven patients with nasolacrimal canal obstruction (42 eyes) were evaluated with paranasal sinus computerized tomography (CT) to determine the presence of sinonasal abnormalities if any. All of the patients underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (end-DCR) and accompanying sinonasal pathology was treated also in the same session. Results Paranasal sinus CT examinations revealed one or more sinonasal abnormalities in 26 (73.3%) patients. The postoperative success rate of end-DCR procedure in patients with sinonasal abnormalities was 82.8%, whereas this figure increased to 92.3% in patients without additional sinonasal disease. However, additional rhinological surgery did not affect the success rate of end-DCR procedure significantly (p = 0.640). Conclusion These data establish a positive correlation between sinonasal abnormalities and the presence of nasolacrimal outflow obstruction, but the additional rhinological surgery does not significantly affect the results of the end-DCR procedure.
Making the Call: The Diagnosis of Acute Community-Acquired Bacterial Sinusitis
Authors: Le Annie V. , Simon Ronald A. 
Published: December 2006

Background Although one of the most common illnesses encountered in the primary care setting, acute community-acquired bacterial sinusitis (ACABS) can be a challenge to diagnose. Methods Existing diagnostic modalities ranging from clinical history to imaging studies used to diagnose ACABS are discussed. Results Numerous methods exist but they do not distinguish well between viral and bacterial illness. Conclusion Diagnosis of ACABS should primarily be made based on the clinical history. Other modalities provide useful information in select cases.