bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Change Applied to Well Engineering
Authors: Bourque J. G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Whether voluntary or imposed, changes are an accepted fact on well construction projects. While risk management has progressively become an integral part of the well engineering process, management of change has yet to gain the same level of implementation, and is often neglected. This potentially introduces new risks that are not properly evaluated. The result is the opening of a breach in the protective shield that risk management creates around the project. This in turn can lead to incidents.
A review of well construction incidents worldwide shows that the root cause is often traced to mismanaging changing conditions and unplanned events. Therefore, it is imperative to complement risk management of the well engineering process with structured management of change.
This paper briefly reviews the well engineering process and how risk management is typically performed on drilling projects. It then describes management of change and proposes a simple procedure for implementation on well construction and intervention projects.
Finally, several case histories are presented, illustrating both good and poor examples of management of change. In one example, tubing was ejected from a well during a workover operation because of poor management of change. In another example, a surface blowout was avoided by properly managing changes in the geological prognosis. These and other case histories were chosen to emphasize that management of change is an essential component of any quality, health, safety, and environment (QHSE) management system.
An Innovative Approach to Malaria Prevention Based on a QHSE Management System: Experience and Case Study from West and Southern Africa
Authors: Fosso S. Wamba , Barbey A. , Fox C. , Grande J. , Alary F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Among all known infectious and tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is certainly one of the highest in the list of health concerns of African governmental institutions (Table 1) and of oilfield-related companies. Although preventive methods and curative treatment exist, malaria still kills about 2 1/2 million people per year in sub-Saharan African countries. Moreover, in the oilfield industry, a considerable number of nonimmune people travel back and forth between malaria-infested and noninfested areas. Most of the malaria-related fatalities in the oilfield industry come from this type of population.
A systematic and methodical approach to malaria prevention was developed and successfully implemented in seven countries in west and southern Africa. In this paper, we explore underlying causes and common patterns seen in malaria fatalities in the oilfield industry using in-depth root cause analysis. Complexity factors are analyzed and their relationship to malaria prevention established, to provide a better understanding of the acuity of the problem. The prevention program is derived from a systematic application of a quality, health, safety, and environment (QHSE) management model.
The proposed approach is validated in the short and long term using comprehensive analysis of inputs from a data capturing software. A population of more than 400 nonimmune oilfield personnel traveling in and out of sub-Saharan Africa is used as a sample for the study.
It appears that malaria prevention is ineffective if not tackled in a rational manner. Distributing curative and preventive treatment to personnel is not sufficient to solve the problem. Instead, a program based on a logical and structured model, whereby tools and processes are available for each element of the model, provides a more effective approach to malaria risk management to achieve malaria fatality-free operations in west and southern Africa.
Public Health Tool Kits - An Update
Authors: Balge Marci Z. , Zampello Frank C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Exploration and Production projects can potentially create adverse health impacts for workers and surrounding communities unless appropriate public health control programs are designed, implemented and monitored on an ongoing basis. These control programs for infectious diseases can be grouped based on potential source etiologies: respiratory (person-to-person), vector related, animal (rodents, snakes, food sanitation, water borne, blood borne and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or by preventive and protective measures: tsetse fly traps, chemoprophylaxis, impregnated bednets, universal precautions, immunizations, etc. This paper presents an update of a Public Health Control program that has been implemented within several remote operating locations.
How to Design a Robust Emergency Preparedness Organization for Offshore Drilling
Authors: Nielsen Liv , Holmefjord Agathe 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In this paper we will discuss if and how experiences from designing a robust emergency preparedness organisation (a requirement in Norwegian regulations) can be of use in a wider context. We will further describe the background for the requirement in the regulation and the relevance for normal operations. We will also describe some of the characteristics of a robust organization using insights from relevant R&D projects and lessons learned from accidents. We will use a practical case study from a second line emergency preparedness organization in Norsk Agip.
The experience gained in Norsk Agip is that to a certain degree it is possible to design robustness into an emergency preparedness organization. Since this is a small organization, long lasting emergency situations represent a challenge.
Waste Management In Major Marine Oil Spills: The Importance Of Its Strategy
Authors: Richardson Cassandra 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A fundamental problem exists with waste disposal in marine-based oil spill clean up, as up to ten times more waste can be generated than the actual spill. Unfortunately, lessons learnt are rarely recognised until the clean up operation has finished and oiled waste has accumulated.
This report will highlight the importance of developing a proactive waste management strategy, using existing data and the author's own practical experiences.
A number of documented reports support the authors argument that waste disposal and its subsequent management is a major reason that oil spills have been quoted as ‘economical disasters’ and this paper suggests waste management be a major consideration in oil spill clean up strategy.
This report challenges the effectiveness of the UK and European initiatives that highlight areas of consideration influencing waste disposal options and the surrounding management structure, and questions whether these concepts alone are powerful enough tools.
This paper is supported by existing reports, the author's practical experience and a pending paper, co-authored, on current waste disposal options for IPIECA's technical document series.
Effects of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development at Selected Continental Slope Sites in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Gettleson David A. , Hart Alan D. , Viada Stephen T. , Phillips Neal W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A field study was conducted between November 2000 and August 2002 to assess benthic impacts of drilling at four sites on the Gulf of Mexico continental slope. The study applied a combination of conventional and innovative techniques that have not been used previously to monitor deepwater drilling in the Gulf of Mexico. Particularly useful methodologies included geophysical mapping of mud and cuttings deposits using an autonomous underwater vehicle; digital analysis of sediment color; analyses of sediments for concentrations of barium (a drilling fluid tracer) and hydrocarbons found in synthetic-based drilling fluids; and sediment profile imaging of sedimentary conditions and benthic infaunal communities.
Baseline and Environmental Monitoring in Deep Water – A New Approach
Authors: Myhrvold Arne , Hovland Martin , Nøland Sam-Arne 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe offshore oil and gas industry in Norway is obliged to establish a firm and publicly accepted baseline regarding environmental parameters in new areas of activity. These baseline studies include an examination of the sediments to identify the background level of physical, chemical and biological parameters. The monitoring stations in a survey are typically located at fixed distances along a "cross", where the longest axis is downstream along the main current, and where several replicate samples are collected at each station (OSPAR recommendations and Norwegian HSE regulations). The design of the monitoring programme is quite rigid, and does not take into account knowledge regarding the sediment characteristics of an area, like whether it is soft or hard, erosion, accumulation etc. It is well established that the characteristics of the sediment is one of the most important parameters regarding both the possibility to accumulate chemical contaminants, and the structuring of the benthic community. The sediment characteristic is therefore a parameter, which should be taken into consideration during the planning of the environmental monitoring programme. By doing this it is possible to get a more cost effective survey and more comprehensive results. This is relevant both for shallow as well as for deep water.The present paper will outline how a first attempt was made to incorporate knowledge of the sediment characteristics, and integrate the knowledge from the various relevant disciplines involved in the planning of a well i.e. geologists working on Holocene sediments, oceanographers and biologists. The well was situated in block 6405/7 on the Norwegian continental shelf, with a water depth of approx. 1200 m. Input data to the environmental survey came from geological interpretation and samples collected with gravity corer, data from seismic and multi-beam echo-sounder, video footage from ROV, and box corer samples for biology.
Is It Possible To Have Environmentally Sustainable Petroleum Production in Lofoten and The Norwegian Barents Sea? Experiences from the Governmental Impact Assessment Process
Authors: Geijerstam Christer af , Nesse Steinar 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Barents Sea contains significant amounts of natural resources as fish, seabirds and sea mammals, and is generally considered an environmentally sensitive area. Facing decline in exploration activity in present areas, the oil industry in Norway needs new areas for exploration and possible production. The Lofoten and Barents Sea areas are among the most interesting areas in this respect.
The Norwegian Government stated when it came into power in 2001, that no further petroleum activities should take place in the Norwegian Barents Sea before the potentials for environmental impacts and co-existence with the fishing industry were fully assessed. A thorough process was thus initiated early 2002 to study all potential impacts on natural resources, the environment, other industries and the society. A total of 27 thematic studies have been undertaken and a summary report has been written as to form a basis for a political decision.
The paper introduces the process that has been run, including experiences from stakeholder dialogue at the various stages. Further, the paper presents the main results of the work, focusing on environmental issues and other issues of importance to the decision making process.
Offshore Plants Visual Pollution Mitigation
Authors: Rescia P. , Corbetta E. , Puletti M. , Rizzi W. , Tornquist J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the mitigation measures undertaken to reduce the visual impact caused by offshore plants and also includes an overview of the solutions which have been investigated. In addition, the document illustrates the actions necessary to the implementation of the selected solutions in terms of communication and relations with the stakeholders.
Spouses Association: A Unique Global Community
Authors: McTague T. , Luckett S. , Fenwick E. , Myers R. , Padron H. , Mitchell S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Spouses of corporate expatriate employees form distributed communities that are more similar to one another than the cultures to which they are expatriated. Expatriate employees move frequently and many may not be repatriated for an entire generation. Expatriate children are often born out of their home country and are educated in the international arena.
Fifteen years ago a leading service company recognized the challenges facing expatriate spouses and, as a result, formed the Schlumberger Spouses Association (SSA). The SSA serves as a social and community outreach organization that now has 7,500 members. The organization operates in 54 countries and has 114 chapters. In this paper we present the initial SSA pilot program and show how it has grown into a worldwide outreach and support network that also reaches out to local communities.
We will also discuss partnerships that the SSA has built: partnerships among organizations of interest to expatriate spouses, spousal organizations from other corporations, and partnerships within local communities. These partnerships have sought to improve the well being of expatriate communities and in particular, address communication issues.
In 1996, Schlumberger developed a pilot program to provide 20 spouses in four cities e-mail accounts and dial-up access to the company intranet. By 2003 the popular program, dubbed "SpouseConnect," has grown to more than 3,600 users. Additional growth has been achieved by giving the SSA a secure Web portal and dedicated directory services. This communication tool is also used to disseminate health, safety, and environmental information quickly and effectively. Through SpouseConnect, the SSA is effectively a "small town," whose inhabitants happen to live all over the world.
Undoing The Past: Reclaiming A Contaminated Site Within an Urban Residential Neighbourhood
Authors: Shaw James G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Undoing the past and reclaiming a contaminated site within an established and densely populated urban centre was the challenge Nexen Inc. faced when it learned that a sour gas well, drilled by a predecessor some 40 years earlier, had not been properly cleaned up.
Late in 2000 during a routine review of petroleum wellsite abandonment certificates, Alberta Environment identified that a reclamation certificate for the former wellsite was not on file. Nexen immediately began an exhaustive search of historical information and photographs involving past and present employees, both provincial & municipal regulators, the regional health authority, area developers, and the community association. The only information on file was the original technical specifications of the well. What was suspected was that the drilling mud used for this well had been diesel-fuel based. Indeed, records confirmed that nearly 45,000 litres of diesel fuel had been used in the drilling mud for this well.
Produced Water Impact Monitoring in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea: Overview of Water Column Surveys in the Three Major Regions
Authors: Durell Gregory , Johnsen Ståle , Røe-Utvik Toril , Frost Tone , Neff Jerry 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Norwegian Pollution Control Authorities (SFT) have since 1999 required environmental monitoring of the water column by the oil companies operating in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea, in addition to discharge monitoring. Field-based monitoring projects have been conducted in three major production areas to assess the potential impact of produced water discharge; the Tampen, Ekofisk, and Sleipner Regions. The work focuses on contaminants that may bioaccumulate and/or cause toxic effects, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and metals. The fate and effects of the contaminants are determined using field-based techniques and through modeling. The results from the two approaches are used for model validation, and to refine the model and field assessment techniques. The model is also used to develop the Environmental Impact Factor (EIF) for each discharge; the EIF is a risk-based tool used to manage produced water discharges in Norway.Specialized sampling and analytical techniques have been employed to measure contaminants in the sea near and distant to discharges, and to determine potential ecological risk. This has involved deploying caged mussels and semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) at 10-15 sites in each region; mussels and SPMDs concentrate and integrate contaminants in the water, and are used to determine bioaccumulation, critical body burden, and to calculate water-column concentrations. Contaminant concentrations and potential effects have also been determined with dispersion and risk modeling, using discharge data and site-specific environmental information. Results from both approaches to determining contaminant loadings, fate, and potential risk are presented and compared.
Confronting the HIV and AIDS challenge to Business: The Case of Southern Africa
Authors: Shuaib Ismail Manjra 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
David Grayson, writes in his book "Everybody's Business", "issues which until now have been regarded as ‘soft’ for business - such as health, well-being, human rights - are now seen as ‘hard’ - hard to ignore, hard to manage and very hard to control if they go wrong. This statement could not be truer than in the case of HIV and Aids - which arguably is the greatest epidemic to confront the world in modern times.
Without a significant intervention the impact of this disease on communities and indeed entire countries could be catastrophic. Statistics tell us part of the story, oftentimes blinding us to the hidden human catastrophe that underlies such cold numbers. Figure 1 illustrates the geographic distribution of the disease, with the two most affected areas being Southern Africa and South and South-East Asia.
Safety Performance of the Global E&P Industry: From Data to Initiatives
Authors: Smith Don 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Since 1985 the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers1 (OGP) has been collecting, analysing and reporting safety performance data on behalf of the global E&P industry. For 2002, OGP received over 2,000 million workhours of E&P safety performance data, submitted by 35 companies, from their operations in 71 countries.
The paper presents the results from the analysis of the 2002 dataset. The 2002 statistics are compared to those of the proceeding 11 year period.
Analysis of the data shows that over the period 1991-2002 the industry has achieved a considerable improvement in its Lost Time Injury Frequency (LTIF), however little improvement is seen in Fatal Accident Rate (FAR) or Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR). For 2002, all these high level indicators were reported at their lowest values on record.
In common with previous years, the most common types of incident leading to fatalities were vehicle related incidents, and persons being struck by moving or falling objects.
Controlling Hazards through Risk Management—A Structured Approach
Authors: Theriau R. , Rispler K. , Redpath S. 
Published: December 2007

Proposal
An effective health, safety, and environment (HSE) program has many requirements. One of the key components to a comprehensive HSE program is an effective system for hazard identification, assessment, and control. It is critical to not only have a systematic approach to hazard assessment and control, but to ensure that the system is accessible, understood, and accepted by front-line employees.
This paper presents a description of a hazard and risk assessment system, starting with documentation in a quality system through to implementation at the front line. The paper includes a description of tools employed, such as (1) hazard and risk identification imbedded in an operational quality system, (2) job safety analysis (JSA), (3) decision-making tools, (4) hazard observation, and (5) communication tools. Additionally, methods to make these tools available and used by the front line are discussed. Improved safety performance is in part a result of the reduction of hazards and risks through a systematic approach to hazard and risk identification.
To realize the greatest reduction in risk, correct application of all of the tools and the knowledge of when to use each of the tools are critical. Specific examples are used to help ensure that the readers gain a basic understanding of which tools they will likely require.
Influencing Driver Attitudes And Behaviour
Authors: Parker Dianne , Malone Charles 
Published: December 2007

Proposal
As part of the Shell Exploration and Production Hearts and Minds research programme, four operating companies across the globe took part in a study investigating the attitudes that lead to risk-taking behaviour among drivers. Initially, depth interviews were carried out in Holland, Nigeria, Thailand and the Sultanate of Oman with a range of professional drivers, both company employed and contracted. The interviews focused on four problem behaviours: use of seatbelts; driving while fatigued; overloading/unsafe loading; and driving with excess speed for the conditions. Several perceived barriers to safe driving were identified, as well as factors that encouraged correct behaviour. These factors were further investigated in a follow up survey, which also assessed several types of biased thinking that can lead to risky driving. 400 professional drivers in the same four locations in summer 2003 completed the questionnaire. The output analysis of this work is intended to provide the areas to focus on with drivers, supervisors and management in the planned Hearts and Minds tool with the working title "Driving Safely" that is to be published in 2004.
How to Win Hearts and Minds: The Theory behind the Program
Authors: Hudson Patrick , Parker Dianne , Lawrie Matthew , van der Graaf Gerard , Bryden Robin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Hearts and Mind program was originally intended to develop intrinsic motivation in the workplace. Unlike many change and behaviour-based HSE programs, often based upon the use of common sense and experience, the Hearts and Minds program relies upon scientifically validated models to ensure robustness and effectiveness, but the supporting material does not describe the scientific bases used to develop processes and supporting materials. This paper describes those theories and provides a reference for those who wish a deeper level of understanding.
Medical Cost Control in an Oilfield Service Company, Nigeria
Authors: Okorocha Uche 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In an oilfield service company in Nigeria that provides free health care for its employees and their dependents, the cost of health care was found to be extremely high, largely because of abuse by the employees, and also because of exploitation by the hospitals. A health management consultant was hired who introduced measures aimed at reducing the cost without compromising the quality of health care. The cost dropped by 30% in the first year, and by an additional 32% in the second year.
Hearing Conservation
Authors: Karzhauova Kamiliya , Bisenkulov Askar , Carvalho Alipio M.B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This poster will show the methods used to detect and follow up hearing problems in the national workforce of Tengizchevroil, in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The data results from of our Occupational Health program and covers over two years of follow up of 2,700 workers.
This study allows comparing the conditions found in the different groups of workers and whether they were exposed or not to noise.
We will also compare to the status of the general population in the country, versus our workforce, in terms of ENT pathology.