bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lethal photosensitisation of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro: Effect of growth phase, serum, and pre‐irradiation time
Authors: Wilson Michael , Pratten Jonathan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground and objective: Staphylococcus aureus can be killed by low‐power laser light in the presence of aluminium disulphonated phthalocyanine (AIPcS2). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pre‐irradiation time (PIT), the presence of serum, and the physiological state of the organism on the kills achieved.Study Design/Materials and Methods: To determine the effect of PIT on killing, suspension of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were incubated in the dark with 12.5 μg/ml of AIPcS2 for 60 s or 300 s, and survivors were enumerated after exposure to 1.2 J of light from an 11‐mW gallium aluminium arsenide laser. The susceptibility of MRSA in its various growth phases was determined in a similar manner using a PIT of 300 s. The effect of serum on killing was determined using stationary phase cells resuspended in horse serum.Results: Using a PIT of either 60 s or 300 s, 106 cfu (99.9%) of MRSA were killed. There was little difference in the susceptibility of lag‐, logarithmic‐, or stationary‐phase cells, the kills being 99.9%, 99.8%, and 99.9%, respectively. Although kills were reduced in the presence of serum, 99.6% of MRSA were killed using a light dose of 1.2 J.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that MRSA can be rapidly sensitised by AIPcS2 to killing by low‐power laser light, that killing is not dependent on the organism's growth phase, and that substantial kills can be achieved in the presence of serum. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal effects of CO2 laser on the pulpal chamber and enamel of human primary teeth: An in vitro investigation
Authors: Arrastia Anna Marie A. , Wilder‐Smith Petra , Berns Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground and Objective: Thermal effects of direct exposure of the pulp chamber to CO2 laser irradiation were evaluated and potentially safe parameters for its clinical application were determined.Study Design/Meterials and Methods: Using conventional methods, the pulp chambers of freshly extracted primary cuspids were exposed and then subjected to CO2 laser irradiation at the following parameters: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, and 20 Watts power settings; 0.76 mm diameter spot size; total energy densities between 4–1,058 J/cm2; exposure time between.01–60 s. Exposures in the continuous wave mode were performed in some specimens. In others, single firings of a.01 s pulse duration and a 1 s pulse interval were conducted. Temperature measurements were conducted using a thermocouple and thermal camera.Results: Significant statistical differences in maximum temperature rise on enamel were observed in groups that received total energy densities ≥ 8 J/cm2 (P ≤ 0.01); within the pulp chambers these were observed in groups that used ≥ 44 J/cm2 (P ≤ 0.01).Conclusion: Parameters appropriate for pulpotomy were observed at energy densities up to 176 J/cm2 in the continuous wave mode and 264 J/cm2 using single pulses, wherein temperature rises below 5.5°C were recorded on tooth surface. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alteration of pulse configuration affects the pain response during diode laser photocoagulation
Authors: Friberg Thomas R. , Venkatesh Md S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground and Objective: The shape of the treatment pulse of the diode laser (810 nm) can be easily altered electronically in contrast to ion laser photocoagulators. We investigated whether changes in laser pulse shape influenced the subjective pain response in patients undergoing retinal photocoagulation when only topical anesthesia was used.Study Design/Materials and Methods: Twenty consecutive patients required peripheral retinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy or extensive retinal breaks. Three diode pulse waveforms including a square wave, shaped‐wave, and an envelope of micropulses were compared to one another. Power was adjusted so that each waveform delivered the same total energy. The patients subjectively ranked the intensity of any pain they experienced for each group of lesions. Responses were compared to one another using an analysis of variance.Results: 40% of patients found the standard square wave pulse to be significantly more painful (P < 0.05) than the shaped pulse mode and 30% found the square wave significantly more painful (P < 0.05) than the micropulse mode.Conclusion: Modification of the laser pulse waveform may ameliorate pain induced by diode laser photocoagulation of the retinal periphery. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of ablation plume particles generated during excimer laser corneal ablation
Authors: Hahn D. W. , Ediger M. N. , Pettit G. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground and Objective: Although the empirical characteristics of ArF excimer laser corneal ablation have been well documented, the exact ablation mechanisms are not well understood. The present paper reports a quantitative analysis of corneal ablation plumes using in situ time resolved laser light scattering and Raman spectroscopy.Study Design/Materials and Methods: Bovine corneas were used as the ArF excimer laser ablation targets. Light scattering data were recorded from the ablation plume as a function of height above the tissue surface and as function of delay time with respect to the ablative ArF laser pulse.Results: Raman spectra of the ablation plume allow identification of the particles as water. Mean plume particle diameters are found to decrease with height, while the particle volume fractions are relatively constant. The total volume of plume particles correlates well with the total volume of water in the ablated corneal tissue.Conclusion: The finding of a non‐evolving plume composed of water spherules, combined with the excellent agreement between total volume of water in the plume and the content of water in the ablated corneal tissue, support the concept of photodecomposition or “cold ablation” for corneal tissue during ArF excimer laser ablation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ultrastructural alterations in heated canine myocardium
Authors: Bosman Saskia , Pickering John W. , Van Marle Jan , Van Gemert Martin J. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground and Objective: The anisotropy factor of light scattering (g) (wavelength 632.8 nm) in heated myocardium decreases as a function of temperature, suggesting, on the basis of Mie theory of light scattering, formation of an increasing number of particles with diameters smaller than the incident wavelength. Study Design/Materials and Methods: To test this hypothesis, fresh myocardium was heated at constant temperatures between 37°C and 75°C for 1,000 s. Changes in size and number of granules generated by disintegrating organelles and sarcomeres were studied as a function of temperature by transmission electron microscopy, planimetry and particle counting.Results: The mitochondria started to disintegrate at 45°C and myofibrils between 45°C and 50°C into increasing numbers of small electron dense granules (diameter 50–200 nm), which correlated with the observed decrease of g from 0.93 ± 0.02 (at room temperature to 45°C) to 0.77 ± 0.05 at 75°C.Conclusion: The scattering coefficient μs of 161 ± 33 cm−1 did not change significantly. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antioxidants reduce corneal light scattering after excimer keratectomy in rabbits
Authors: Jain Sandeep , Hahn Tae‐Won , McCally Russell L. , Azar Dimitri T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground and Objective: Excimer laser‐corneal tissue interaction liberates highly reactive free radicals. Our aim was to determine if intraoperative application of antioxidants reduces the postoperative corneal light scattering by minimizing free radical‐mediated cellular injury.Study design/materials and methods: Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) was performed in 20 rabbit eyes. Following 40‐μm epithelial ablation, rabbits were divided into two groups and received 1‐minute intraoperative application of either 50% dimethyl sulfoxide and 1% superoxide dismutase or vehicle (balanced salt solution) only. This was followed by a 6‐mm diameter 100‐μm PTK. Corneal light scattering was measured for 18 weeks using scatterometry. A light scattering index (SI) ranging from 0–10 was calculated;SI = 1 represents normal scattering. Light microscopic examination was performed in selected corneas.Results: The mean baseline SI was similar for both groups (P‐= 0.95). Corneal haze followed a pattern of gradually increasing to peak at 2–3 weeks, and regressing partially thereafter. The decrease in mean SI following antioxidant application (dimethyl sulfoxide and superoxide dismutase) as compared to control group approached significance at 3 weeks (0.1 > P > 0.05) and was highly significant at 9 weeks (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Intraoperative application of antioxidants decreases light scattering following excimer keratectomy in rabbit corneas. UV‐induced free radicals may play a role in the pathogenesis of corneal light scattering following excimer laser keratectomy.
Photodynamic laser cyclodestruction with chloroaluminum sulfonated Phthalocyanine (CASPc) or photofrin®(PII) Vs. Nd:YAG laser cyclodestruction in a pigmented rabbit model
Authors: Hill Richard A. , Esterowitz Terri , Ryan Julie , Liaw Lih‐Huei L. , Nelson J. Stuart , Yashiro Hideko , Krasieva Tatiana , Berns Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground and Objective: To investigate Photofrin® (PII) and CASPc for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the ciliary body in rabbits.Study Design/Materials and Methods: PII (10 mg/kg) or CASPc (1 mg/kg) was given by ear vein. Pharmacokinetics were studied in frozen sections by fluorescence microscopy (CCD camera based low light detection system with digital image processing) at 1 and 24 h (8 rabbits;16 eyes). Laser light was delivered (argon pumped dye laser;630 and 675 nm;8 rabbits;16 eyes) by contact fiberoptic. To compensate for iris attenuation, irradiance was 125 mW/cm2 (20, 40, 80, or 160 J/cm2). Controls (4 rabbits;8 eyes) received laser light without photochemicals (OD) and for comparison, continuous wave Nd:YAG laser by fiberoptic (0.8–1.2J;OS).Results: Localization studies showed intravascular distribution with some selective ciliary body distribution at 24 h (PII > CASPc). Rabbits treated with PII or CASPc exhibited variable amounts of gross ciliary body edema, infarction, and necrosis by 24–48 h. This response was not seen in PDT control tissues;damage was seen in the iris and ciliary body, with partial vacuolization of the pigment epithelium.Conclusion: PDT may offer a more selective approach to ciliary body destruction. A small but significant thermal effect was seen during PDT from melanin photon uptake with damage to iris and ciliary body. Thermal damage and potential interaction with ocular visual pigments may limit use of these photochemicals and wavelengths for PDT of the ciliary body © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo uptake of liposomal benzoporphyrin derivative and photothrombosis in experimental corneal neovascularization
Authors: Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula , Hasan Tayyaba , Schomacker Kevin , Flotte Thomas , Birngruber Reginald 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground and Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used successfully to occlude neovascularizations experimentally. We evaluated the vasoocclusive potential of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), a new photosensitizer currently in clinical trials. Since liposomally formulated BPD strongly binds to endogenous low density lipoproteins (LDL) after i.v. injection, LDL act as carrier to deliver BPD preferentially to proliferating endothelial cells.Study Design/Materials and Methods: Corneal neovascularizations in rabbits were used as model. Time‐dependent uptake and retention of liposomal BPD were measured in vivo by monitoring the laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF). Photothrombosis was induced using a dye laser emitting at 692 nm.Results: A maximal BPD concentration was measured at 60–90 minutes postinjection determining the optimal time interval for treatment. Exposures as low as 10 J/cm2 allowed complete and irreversible neovascular occlusion as documented angiographically. Histology revealed selective endothelial damage, adjacent corneal stroma, or iris vessels, remained intact. Identical results were obtained using BPD directly complexed with LDL suggesting use of a LDL‐mediated pathway.Conclusion: We suggest BPD‐PDT for a selective treatment of neovascular diseases. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced in vivo local recurrence with contact neodymium: Yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet (Nd:YAG) laser scalpels
Authors: Maker Vijay K. , Elseth Kim M. , Radosevich James A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground and Objective: Local recurrence after surgical resection for breast cancer is a significant problem and is often not controlled by radiation or chemotherapy treatments. Local recurrence is thought to be, at least in part, due to residual disease, and/or due to the contamination of the surgical field during resection.Study Design Materials and Methods: To address this later concern, we defined a model system using the mouse mammary cell line, EMT6. Using this model system, we have directly compared the rate of local recurrence of two different surgical approaches. One approach employed the use of traditional surgical instruments, and the other used a comparatively new contact Nd:YAG laser system. Tumor‐bearing animals (242) were randomized into three groups. One group consisted of 50 animals that were not treated; 103 animals were randomized into a treatment group that received surgical resection using traditional instruments; 89 annuals were resected using the contact laser system. In both surgical procedures, an intentional incision was made through the tumor and then through an uninvolved portion of the surgical field in an attempt to “seed” the incision using the contaminated surgical instrument.Results: Twenty‐one of the 103 scalpel‐treated animals had local recurrence; only seven of the 89 laser‐treated animal had local recurrence. The untreated group died of disease within 8 weeks. In the treatment groups, recurrences were palpable within 1 week. At the time of death for all groups, no metastatic lesions were noted.Conclusion: These findings support the conclusions that the EMT6 cell line is a useful model to study local recurrence and that contact laser surgery provides about a 50% improvement in the control of local disease in vivo (P<0.05). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of self‐perceived incontinence severity on quality of life and sexual function in women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Paick Jae‐Seung , Cho Min Chul , Oh Seung‐June , Kim Soo Woong , Ku Ja Hyeon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAimsWe examined the impact of patient‐perceived incontinence severity (PPIS) on health‐related quality of life (QoL) and sexual function in women with urinary incontinence (UI).MethodsPatients were recruited from clinic practices at one hospital. Between May 2004 and June 2006, 353 women 27–79 years old (mean 55.7) underwent detailed evaluations. To obtain health‐related QoL and sexual function assessments, the patients were asked to fill the questionnaires including the incontinence quality of life (I‐QoL) and female sexual function index (FSFI). Patients were categorized into the three groups according to the PPIS; ‘mild,’ ‘moderate,’ and ‘severe.’ResultsAmong groups, the duration of symptoms, rate of mixed UI, mean number of treatment visits over the past year, rate of UI associated without any activity, and Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) was significantly different (P < 0.05). The I‐QoL total score and subscale scores deteriorated significantly as the PPIS increased (P < 0.001). Of the six domains in the FSFI questionnaire, four domains, namely, ‘arousal’ (P = 0.026), ‘lubrication’ (P = 0.012), ‘orgasm’ (P = 0.017), and ‘pain’ (P = 0.037) as well as the FSFI total score (P = 0.004) were significantly different among the groups.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that PPIS significantly influences health‐related QoL and sexual function, and that strategies for assessing PPIS should be incorporated for assessing patients with UI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:828–835, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurophysiologic studies of the penilo‐cavernosus reflex: Normative data
Authors: Podnar Simon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAimsTo determine normative values for the penilo‐cavernosus reflex on single and double pulse electrical, and mechanical stimulation.MethodsAll men without neurologic disorder, with normal neurologic examination, and with bilaterally normal quantitative electromyography of the external anal sphincter muscles referred for sacral neurophysiologic studies in the years 2003–2005 were included. The penilo‐cavernosus reflex was studied on single and double electrical, and mechanical stimulation. Responses were detected by a needle electrode inserted consecutively into the left and right bulbocavernosus muscle. In each subject, latency of the response, and using electrical stimulation, the sensory threshold, reflex threshold and stimulation strength, were determined. Normative values were calculated using parametric statistics and optimal data transformations.ResultsIn all 26 men with minor non‐neurogenic sacral dysfunction reflex responses were recorded using each stimulation technique. Minimal latencies of reflex responses (in msec) were 29.88 ± 5.65 (upper limit: 39.4), 30.00 ± 4.11 (36.0), 28.16 ± 5.80 (35.5) on single electrical, double electrical and mechanical stimulation, respectively. Sensory thresholds (in mA) were 7.80 ± 2.73 (upper limit: 14.5) and 6.08 ± 2.30 (10.5), and reflex thresholds (in mA) 25.36 ± 11.04 (upper limit: 49.6) and 12.78 ± 6.06 (26.9) on single and double electrical stimulation, respectively.ConclusionsThe obtained normative values for latency on single electrical and mechanical stimulation were similar to those previously published. Additional data on latency on double electrical stimulation, and on the sensory and reflex thresholds on single and double electrical stimulation are expected to increase the diagnostic utility of the penilo‐cavernosus reflex. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:864–869, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modification of silica nanoparticles and their application in UDMA dental polymeric composites
Authors: Du Minhui , Zheng Ying 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdvancements in nanocomposites are highly dependent on the compatibility between the organic matrix and inorganic fillers, and the dispersion level of fillers throughout the matrix. Silane coupling agents are widely used to change the chemical structure of particles' surface in order to improve their compatibility and dispersion properties of particles. SiO2 nanoparticles were modified by ζ potential, turbidity, and relative viscosity. The results indicate that the stability and dispersion degree in organic solvents have been improved after the modification. In addition, the mechanical properties of composites with modified silica were also studied, which indicated that, after the predispersion of particles in organic media, the mechanical properties of materials could be improved, even at low filler content. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:198–207, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Apolipoproteins in human fetal blood and amniotic fluid in mid‐trimester pregnancy
Authors: Fainaru Menahem , Deckelaum Richard , Golbus Mitchell S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo examine the potential for prenatal diagnosis of genetic lipoprotein metabolic defects (e.g. abetalipoproteinemia, Tangier disease) we determined the normal concentrations of apolipoproteins (apo) A‐I, A‐II, B, and E in mid‐trimester amniotic fluid and fetal plasma. The concentrations of apo A‐I and apo A‐II in amniotic fluid were 1−2 per cent of the respective levels in the mother's plasma, whereas apo B and apo E were undetectable in amniotic fluid. In contrast to amniotic fluid, all four apolipoproteins were detectable in fetal plasma, and the levels of apo A‐I, apo B and apo E were in the range observed in the mothers: 160·2 ± 103·1, 59·8 ± 35·7 and 5·7 ± 3·5 mg/dl respectively (mean ± SD, n=13). The fetal plasma level of apo A‐II (28·3 ± 12·4 mg/dl) was two‐thirds that observed in the mother's plasma. The normal levels of these apolipoproteins in fetal plasma are well above the sensitivity of the methods, and their quantification requires only 10−20 μl of fetal plasma. Determination of apolipoproteins in fetal blood obtained by fetoscopy thus may provide a method for the prenatal diagnosis of congenital apolipoprotein deficiences.
Prenatal morphology in meckel's syndrome (with special reference to polycystic kidneys and double encephalocele)
Authors: Rehder Helga , Labbé Francois 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrenatal morphology of Meckel's syndrome was studied in five fetuses of different gestational age, that had been aborted because ultrasonography and elevated amniotic AFP‐levels indicated neural tube defect. Histologically, the enlarged polycystic kidneys were completely alike with respect to the type of involvement and differed only in the severity of changes. They could be identified as type III cystic kidneys according to the classification of Potter. Proliferation of hepatic bile ducts and slight cystic dilatation of pancreatic ducts is already evident in the youngest fetus. Additional cyst formation in the epididymis was found in one of the cases. Occipital encephalocele, located within an apical occipital bone defect was always associated with a second mostly occult encephalocele protruding through a separate defect of the basal occipital squame and of the first and second vertebral arch. It is assumed that double encephalocele represents a constant finding in Meckel's syndrome, indicating a specific pattern within the disturbance of neural tube closure.
Fetal marfan syndrome: Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis with pathological confirmation of skeletal and aortic lesions
Authors: Koenigsberg Mordecai , Factor Stephen , Cho Sangho , Herskowitz Ahvie , Nitowsky Harold , Morecki Rachel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSonography was performed during the second trimester in two pregnancies at risk for the Marfan syndrome. In one, the limbs were significantly longer than expected (p < 0·0025) and a diagnosis of the Marfan syndrome was established. Pathological examination of the fetus after pregnancy interruption showed typical foci of cystic medial necrosis in the ascending aorta.
Short communications normal fetal growth despite persistent amniotic fluid leakage after genetic amniocentesis
Authors: Simpson Joe Leigh , Socol Michael L. , Aladjem Silvio , Elias Sherman 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo women not only lost relatively large amounts of amniotic fluid immediately following genetic amniocentesis, but continued to lose fluid for the remainder of their pregnancies. Periodic ultrasonographic assessment confirmed normal fetal growth and presence of some amniotic fluid. Both women were delivered at term of normal offspring who showed no evidence of fetal deformations. Although amnionitis is a risk, cautious surveillance may permit continuation of pregnancies complicated by copious or persistent amniotic fluid leakage following genetic amniocentesis.
Fetal sexing in possible carriers for duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Bundey Sarah , Ebdy Jacqueline 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOver a five‐year period in the West Midlands there were 34 pregnancies to women who were possible carriers for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and who were known to the Department of Clinical Genetics. Fetal sexing was performed in only ten of 26 pregnancies to women of high or moderate risk, and of the five male fetuses discovered, only two were aborted. Overall, the 34 pregnancies resulted in one miscarriage, 14 males (of whom two were aborted and two were affected) and 19 females. Information was also obtained on five further possible carriers who were ascertained solely because they had an amniocentesis. These five pregnancies led to the birth of one affected male and to the termination of one male fetus.