bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tax Decentralization and Economic Growth of Pakistan: The Role of Political Institutions
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Ahmad Khalil , Naushahi Muhammad Mudassar , Inayat Muhammad Amir 
Published: April 2024

Fiscal decentralization is one of the major policy variables to attain economic efficiency. The present study empirical examines the impact of tax decentralization on the economic growth of Pakistan through different institutional arrangements. Further, this study also investigates the complementarity (efficiency) or substitution (inefficiency) phenomena of tax decentralization and political institutions. Time series data is employed from 1972-2020 with relevant methods such as Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) and Ng-Perron unit root tests are used and Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach (ARDL) is also used for co-integration. The results suggest that tax decentralization is growth promoting while political institutions have negative impact on economic growth. Provincial governments can produce better results while transferring responsibility of collecting tax from federal to provincial level. Further, this study also investigates the complementarity (efficiency) or substitution (inefficiency) phenomena of tax decentralization and political institutions. Results show that tax decentralization and political institutions are substitute in case of Pakistan. For policy, the government has taken initiatives to provide more autonomy towards provinces with more resource allocation finally to get long run economic growth.
Artificial Intelligence Involving In Education: Problems It Caused and Strategies To Improve
Authors: Yao Hongyi 
Published: April 2024

Due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence, it has brought more convenience to human life. Artificial intelligence has additionally been employed for educational purposes at the same time since it can significantly impact both the physical and mental development of individuals. The emergence of artificial intelligence brings possibilities for the implementation of personalized learning, different needs of students may be met. Teachers will also reduce some corresponding workload at the same time, especially for grading tests and answering students’ questions. However, the emergence of artificial intelligence cannot only bring benefits but at the same time, many problems need to be solved. After understanding the situation and problems, how to solve them. Therefore, This article proposes three problems caused by the use of artificial intelligence in teaching, then uses essays from other authors as support, and gives three solution strategies to maximize the effects of artificial intelligence in education.
An Exploration of Changes in British Welfare Social Policy in the First Half of the Twentieth Century through Bourdieu's Theory of Field and Habitus
Authors: Zhao Zeming 
Published: April 2024

The question of how to transcend the dichotomy between subjectivity and objectivity is a central one in contemporary sociological theory. Bourdieu advocates habitus as a cognitive framework that embodies an individual's practical understanding of society. Such practices consist of structures and habits, and social behaviour is not directly determined by structures, but is indirectly influenced by habitus as an 'embodied mode'. Habits, as 'opportunities for the subject', act as constraints on the formation of structures and contribute to their reproduction. The welfare policy of Britain has experienced the transformation from solving the problem of the poor with a single welfare policy of relief law to the establishment of national economic law, which is continuously amended according to the native welfare policy habitus, thus affecting the welfare policy field and realising the two-way constraints of the field and habitus.
STUDY OF URINARY SYSTEM MICROFLORA
Authors: Stepas Y. M. , Demianchuk N. R. 
Published: April 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a relevant problem today. They are one of the most numerous groups among nephrological diseases and occupy a leading place among infections of the human body in general, except for diseases of the respiratory tract and intestinal infections. The total number of patients with ISS in the world has remained quite large for many years and is also constantly increasing. It is known that this disease most often affects women, starting from childhood. It is estimated that every second middle aged woman has had a clinical episode caused by an IBS, usually cystitis, at least once in her life. And only in old age the ratio of patients with ISS among men and women equalizes to a certain extent. There are also manifest and mildly symptomatic (hidden) variants with a latent course, capable of manifesting against the background of other infectious diseases. Thus, the relevance of the problem of infectious lesions of the urinary tract is due to the increase in its prevalence and the high development of chronicity of the processes. Hence the importance of developing effective methods for early diagnosis of ISS, determining possible preventive measures and measures aimed at reducing morbidity and preventing the chronicity of the processes.
A characteristic feature of the modern development of clinical medicine is the constant growth of the role of laboratory diagnostics, in particular, bacteriology.
Las obligaciones alternativas bajo la perspectiva del código civil ecuatoriano [Alternative obligations under the perspective of the ecuadorian civil code]
Authors: Zúñiga-Hurtado Edgar Paúl , Hurtado-Macías Narcisa-de-Jesús 
Published: April 2024

La investigación tiene por objetivo analizar las obligaciones alternativas bajo la perspectiva del código civil ecuatoriano. Mediante un enfoque de investigación descriptiva con un diseño bibliográfico. Las obligaciones alternativas representan una modalidad de cumplimiento en la cual el deudor está facultado para elegir entre varias prestaciones para cumplir con su obligación. Estas obligaciones se regulan en el Código Civil Ecuatoriano y presentan características específicas como la pluralidad de prestaciones y las facultades del acreedor. Existen distintas clasificaciones de las obligaciones alternativas, tales como las simples, facultativas y conjuntivas, cada una con sus particularidades en cuanto al cumplimiento y al incumplimiento. En cuanto a la forma de cumplir, el deudor puede hacerlo mediante su elección, la elección del acreedor o por acuerdo entre las partes. Por otro lado, el incumplimiento de las obligaciones alternativas puede ocurrir por falta de elección del deudor, por imposibilidad sobrevenida o por culpa del deudor.
Development Of Trichokompos In Empowering Mekar Tani Farmer Groups In Nagari Piobang, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra
Authors: Sri Indrayati  , Suryani  , Elsa Widia  , Syamsuwirman  , Butsainah Jauharah Taqiyyah  , Resi Ria Lestari  
Published: April 2024

Farmer Group "Mekar Tani" is one of the farmer groups in Jorong Gando, Nagari Piobang, Payakumbuh District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra with 20 members. The scarcity of subsidized inorganic fertilizers and farmers' dependence on the use of inorganic fertilizers are problems in efforts to increase the production of group agricultural products. In early 2023, this farmer group is determined to start producing compost on a small scale. Due to limited knowledge and skills, members of this farmer group are still not proficient in producing quality compost. As in the procurement of raw materials and decomposers, almost entirely purchased it requires high production costs. In making compost can utilize the resources around these partners, such as husks, cocoa skins, and cow/chicken dung which are agricultural and livestock waste from members of this group. In addition, the production entirely uses manual equipment so the results are also not optimal. So community service activities were carried out in the form of training and assistance in making Trichocompost. Trichokompos is a compost containing Trichoderma sp mushrooms, which was developed as an alternative to environmentally friendly fertilizers in increasing productivity independently and increasing partner skills. This training can improve the knowledge and skills of Mekar Tani farmer groups on making Trichocompost as measured through questionnaires to achieve an increase of 87%.
Tales of Indigenous Peoples (IP) of Sama-dilaut Tribe: A Squinny on the Community Outreach and Extension Services of RMC Graduate School, Davao City, Philippines
Authors: Melchor Marciano B. , Bosquit Pablo , Seras Ronaldo , Gamao Wilson E. , Garrido Flora 
Published: April 2024

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the livelihood and economic activities of the Sama-Dilaut Tribe, also known as Badjao, residing in Matina Aplaya, Davao City. Specifically, it sought to understand their transition from street beggars to engaged business owners and the impact of their economic endeavors on their quality of life.
Study Design: Utilizing a phenomenological approach, this study delved into the lived experiences of the Sama-Dilaut people through in-depth virtual interviews. This design facilitated the extraction of rich narratives and perspectives directly from the participants.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted within the well-established community of the Sama-Dilaut Tribe in Matina Aplaya, Davao City, Philippines. Data collection spanned over one (1) year.
Methodology: Face-to-face and Virtual interviews were conducted to explore the personal narratives of the Sama-Dilaut individuals, capturing their journey from street begging to establish themselves as entrepreneurs. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes emerging from the interviews, focusing on their economic activities and resulting improvements in livelihood.
Results: Thematic analysis revealed several significant findings regarding the daily activities and economic pursuits of the Sama-Dilaut Tribe. Key themes included the selling of seafood, maintenance of fishing traps, engagement in traditional fishing practices, and involvement in the "ukay-ukay" business to augment income. These activities facilitated an enhanced standard of living, enabling the fulfillment of basic needs, access to education, and adoption of modern amenities. Importantly, the reduction in street begging indicated a shift towards financial independence and self-sustainability among the tribe members.
Conclusion: This study sheds light on the transformative journey of the Sama-Dilaut Tribe in Matina Aplaya, Davao City, from marginalized street beggars to empowered entrepreneurs. Their economic activities have not only uplifted their own livelihoods but also contributed to the overall well-being of the community. These findings underscore the importance of community outreach and extension services, such as those provided by the RMC Graduate School, in supporting indigenous peoples toward socio-economic empowerment and sustainable development of the tribe in Davao City, Philippines.
Interference of Heterophilic Antibody in D-dimer Determination in an Asymptomatic Elderly Woman
Authors: Sara Valverde , Elena Masiero , Mara Seguso , Martina Giordano , Margherita Inglese , Gianluca Gessoni 
Published: April 2024

Background: D-Dimer is considered a pivotal biomarker in diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation and in differential diagnosis of thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
Case Summary: BL, Caucasian woman, 81 years old, was admitted to hospital, in October 2023, for concussive head trauma after an accidental fall. The patient had a "non-assayable D-Dimer due to excess antigen" utilizing Sysmex Innovance D-dimer using a Sysmex CS 5100 analyser. This abnormal result was firstly observed in March 2022. A second Laboratory confirmed the raised D-dimer concentration. The patient had undergone periodic D-dimer checks which had always confirmed the results and had been treated with a direct FXa inhibitor.
Methods: Patient’s samples were tested for D-dimer using different assays and different analysers, moreover sample diluted in phosphate buffer and heterophilic antibodies blocking reagent have been tested.
Results: The Sysmex Innovance D-dimer assay gave us, constantly “non-assayable D-dimer due to excess antigen" results; the HemosIL D-dimer HS assay gave us, constantly a raised D-dimer concentration (four to five higher than upper reference values); the Quidel Triage D-dimer gave us, constantly D-dimer normal concentration. Results obtained from dilution curves confirmed the presence of high concentration high avidity heterophilic antibodies.
Conclusions: Reports regarding the influence of heterophilic antibodies on the measurement of D‐dimer are quite uncommon in literature however, they constitute a significant potential risk. Interference from heterophile antibodies often has a different impact using different instruments and methods in the measurement of D‐dimer. Using a combination of different assays and analysers, of dilution strategy with heterophilic antibody blockers, and combining laboratory results with clinical examinations and imaging data, we were able to identify the interference and exclude the presence of thrombosis.
Association Analysis over Seasons among Morphological, Physiological and Yield Components with Kernel Yield in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sabitha N , Reddy D Mohan , Reddy D Lokanatha , Sudhakar P , Reddy B Ravindra 
Published: April 2024

Forty five single cross hybrids made from 10 inbred lines of maize through diallel mating design were evaluated for three seasons viz. rabi, summer and kharif from 2016-17 to 2017-18.Kernel yield had consistent significant and positive associations with SPAD meter readings, specific leaf area, cob length, cob girth, number of kernel rows cob-1,number of kernels row-1,100 kernel weight and harvest index in rabi, summer and kharif seasons. Similar trend of positive and significant association of kernel yield with all the above characters were recorded at genotypic level indicating existence a close relationship among these characters. Days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to maturity and specific leaf weight showed consistent negative and significant correlations with kernel yield both at phenotypic and genotypic level indicating yield penalty with increase in days to 50% tasselling, days to 50% silking and specific leaf weight because more of vegetative growth and less time for reproductive growth which consequently lead to less kernel yield. The associations of anthesis-silking interval with kernel yield were consistently negative and non-significant in all the three seasons at phenotypic level revealing that narrow interval of anthesis silking interval facilates good seed setting. Plant height showed either negative and significant or negative but non-significant association with kernel yield across seasons suggesting that any increase in plant height may lead to reduction in kernel yield and thus medium plant height is desirable for recording higher kernel yields in Maize. Based on the results of character association analysis it was concluded that SPAD chlorophyll meter readings, specific leaf area, cob length, cob girth, number of kernel rows cob-1, number of kernels row-1, 100 kernel weight and harvest index might be given due importance, while formulating selection indices aimed at kernel yield improvement as these characters had showed consistently positive and significant associations with kernel yield. A plant with medium plant height and duration coupled with higher SPAD meter readings, specific leaf area, cob length, cob girth, number of kernel rows cob-1,number of kernels row-1,100 kernel weight and harvest index is desirable for getting higher kernel yield in maize.
Response to hydroxyurea therapy in β‐thalassemia
Authors: Koren Ariel , Levin Carina , Dgany Orly , Kransnov Tatyan , Elhasid Ronit , Zalman Lucia , Palmor Haya , Tamary Hannah 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlthough a relatively small number of previous studies suggest a modest response to hydroxyurea (HU) therapy in β‐thalassemia, more recent investigations have revealed that some transfusion‐dependent patients can become transfusion‐independent following HU therapy. Patients with Gγ XmnI polymorphism, several β‐globin mutations, and α‐thalassemia deletions were inconsistently reported to have significant responses to HU therapy. To better predict who may respond, we retrospectively evaluated the clinical response and the molecular background of 18 β‐thalassemia patients treated with HU for a mean of 46 months. The majority of transfusion‐dependent patients responded to HU therapy with 9 out of 11 (82%) becoming transfusion‐independent. Five thalassemia intermedia (TI) patients receiving occasional blood transfusion did not require any additional transfusions following therapy and two TI patients who had never received transfusions had a 2 g/dl increase in their hemoglobin level. The majority of β‐thalassemia major patients who became transfusion‐independent (7/9) were either homozygous (5) or heterozygous (2) for the XmnI polymorphism. No correlation was identified between response to therapy and the presence of specific β‐thalassemia mutations or α‐globin deletions. We conclude that further analysis of the degree of response of transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassemia patients to HU therapy, as well as, the impact of their genetic background on this response is required to identify patients likely to have significant response. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of bithiazole‐based polyamide complexes
Authors: Gao Hongzhou , Yang Jun , Sun Weilin , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA new polyamide containing bithiazole moieties (polythiazole amides, PTA) was synthesized by the polycondensation of 2,2′‐diamino‐4,4′‐bithiazole and oxalyl chloride. The rare‐earth metal complexes of the polymer were prepared from PTA and rare‐earth chloride in DMSO. The structures of the polymer and the complexes were characterized through IR spectra. The preliminary magnetic properties of the complexes were investigated; it was found that these materials are ferromagnets at low temperature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effect of α‐ and β‐nucleating agents on the fracture behavior of polypropylene‐co‐ethylene
Authors: Wang Shi‐Wei , Yang Wei , Gong Guan , Xie Bang‐Hu , Liu Zheng‐Ying , Yang Ming‐Bo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe effect of α‐ and β‐nucleating agents (NA) of various amounts on the fracture behavior of polypropylene‐co‐ethylene (CPP) was evaluated using the essential work of fracture (EWF) method. The specific EWF values of CPPs incorporated with α‐NA of different amount were all lower than that of pure CPP, while the specific nonessential work of fracture was the highest at relative low α‐NA loading (0.1 wt %), and then decreased with further increasing amount of α‐NA. Similar trend of variation was observed with increasing amount of β‐NA in CPP, and it was found that the variation of Kβ for β‐NA nucleated CPP versus NA content accorded well with the EWF versus NA content, which indicated that the addition of β‐NA could lead to effectively increased β‐crystal content and consequently improved fracture resistance of CPP. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Studies on the cure kinetics of chitosan‐glutamic acid using glutaraldehyde as crosslinker through differential scanning calorimeter
Authors: Kumari Kamlesh , Raina K. K. , Kundu P. P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe curing of chitosan‐glutamic acid with glutaraldehyde as curing agent in the presence of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) is carried out with the help of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The effect of concentration of chitosan and percentage of crosslinker on the curing of chitosan‐glutamic acid is studied at a heating rate of 5°C/min. Cure kinetics are measured by the DSC using scans from 25 to 220°C at four different heating rates (3, 5, 7, and 10°C/min) and it is observed that the crosslinking of chitosan‐glutamic acid is an exothermic process which results in a positive peak in the DSC thermograms. The activation energy (Eα) is determined by Flynn, Wall, and Ozawa method for curing of the samples. An increase in activation energy (Eα) is observed with the extent of conversion. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Linear Uranium Complexes X2UL5 with L=Cyanide, Isocyanate: DFT Evidence for Similarities between Uranyl (X=O) and Uranocene (X=Cp) Derivatives
Authors: Iché‐Tarrat Nathalie , Barros Noémi , Marsden Colin J. , Maron Laurent 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA DFT study of the isostructural compounds [UO2L5]n− with n=3–5 and linear [Cp2UL5]m− with m=1–3 has been carried out for two different anionic ligands. Structurally stable structures are obtained for all systems. The coordination competition between cyanide (CN−) and isocyanide (NC−) as well as between cyanate (OCN−) and isocyanate (NCO−) has been studied in the uranyl case. A clear preference for cyanide and isocyanate complexes is reported. The coordination of five ligands in the equatorial plane is rationalised by the analysis of the MO diagram of both systems. Moreover, the qualitative comparison of the two MO diagrams shows a high similarity in agreement with the isolobality concept. The existence of linear [Cp2UL5]− organometallic U(VI) complexes is thus proposed, as well as the possibility of obtaining complexes of both types for U(VI) and U(V) with OCN− ligands. In addition, the U(IV) linear metallocene is calculated to be stable for the latter ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Matrix‐Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theory Studies on Reactions of Laser‐Ablated Lead and Tin Atoms with Water Molecules.
Authors: Teng Yun‐Lei , Jiang Ling , Han Song , Xu Qiang 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Evolution in Iron Tellurates.
Authors: van der Lee A. , Astier R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Na2O—SrO—‐B2O3 Diagram in the B‐Rich Part and the Crystal Structure of NaSrB5O9.
Authors: Wu L. , Zhang Y. , Chen X. L. , Kong Y. F. , Sun T. Q. , Xu J. J. , Xu Y. P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Chemistry of Bi6TP2O15+x, T: Fe, Ni, Zn: Isomorphism and Polymorphism, Structural Relationship to Bi6TiP2O16.
Authors: Arumugam N. , Lynch V. , Steinfink H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Magnetic Ordering of KxH1‐xNi(OH2)4 [Ru2(CO3)4]×zH2O.
Authors: Kennon Bretni S. , Her Jae‐Hyuk , Stephens Peter W. , Shum William W. , Miller Joel S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.