bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic stress disorder in older people after a fall
Authors: Chung Man Cheung , McKee Kevin J. , Austin Chris , Barkby Helen , Brown Hayley , Cash Sophie , Ellingford Jenny , Hanger Liz , Pais Tara 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundPosttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychological condition, never studied in relation to falls in older people. This study determines the prevalence and correlates of PTSD in older people post‐fall.MethodA prospective survey study, with baseline data collected by interview in hospital post‐fall and by postal self‐completion at 12 and 24 weeks post‐baseline. A convenience sample of 196 people (≥ 65 years) were serially recruited, 87.9% of those eligible. Information collected at baseline included falls‐related data, activity problems, fear of falling, PTSD symptoms, anxiety and depression, and at follow‐up PTSD symptoms, anxiety and depression, the receipt of rehabilitation and further falls.ResultsIn hospital, of 40 participants whose fall had occurred over 1 month previously 35% had full acute PTSD and 17.5% had partial acute PTSD. At follow‐up full or partial chronic PTSD was found in 26.1% of participants at first follow‐up, and in 27.4% of participants at second follow‐up. Older age, pre‐fall activity problems, fear of falling, and anxiety assessed at baseline were associated (p < 0.05) with follow‐up PTSD diagnosis, as were anxiety and depression assessed concurrently.ConclusionPTSD occurs in a substantial minority of older people post‐fall. No pattern emerged of factors predictive of PTSD, although the association between fear of falling and PTSD suggests some patients thought to have fear of falling may be manifesting PTSD, and require identification to enable therapeutic intervention. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comfort evaluation and bed adjustment according to sleeping positions
Authors: Park Se Jin , Kim Jin Sun , Kim Chae‐Bogk 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study explodes the relationships between the height adjustment of bed sectors and subjective comfort depending on three types of sleeping positions. An adjustable bed system that regulates the heights of 8 adjustment sectors of the bed was developed. To evaluate the comfort of 9 body areas, subjective ratings were requested from 64 subjects ranging in age from 25 to 50. The subjects included 29 males and 35 females. For an objective evaluation, the patterns of pressure distribution were investigated according to the three sleeping positions. During two separate states (before bed adjustment and after bed adjustment), measurements of the adjusted bed height and pressure distribution, and subjective ratings according to three sleeping positions were performed. Based on the results of the adjusted heights of the 8 sectors in the bed, the subjects preferred the W‐shaped sleeping posture in both the supine and side positions. However, the U‐shaped sleeping posture was preferred in the prone position. With respect to these sleeping positions, the heights of sectors significantly correlated with the subjective ratings presented by the subjects, as well as the ratios of pressure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydroclimatic influence of large‐scale circulation on the variability of reservoir inflow
Authors: Maity Rajib , Nagesh Kumar D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this study, the nature of basin‐scale hydroclimatic association for Indian subcontinent is investigated. It is found that, the large‐scale circulation information from Indian Ocean is also equally important in addition to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), owing to the geographical location of Indian subcontinent. The hydroclimatic association of the variation of monsoon inflow into the Hirakud reservoir in India is investigated using ENSO and EQUatorial INdian Ocean Oscillation (EQUINOO, the atmospheric part of Indian Ocean Dipole mode) as the large‐scale circulation information from tropical Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean regions respectively. Individual associations of ENSO & EQUINOO indices with inflow into Hirakud reservoir are also assessed and found to be weak. However, the association of inflows into Hirakud reservoir with the composite index (CI) of ENSO and EQUINOO is quite strong. Thus, the large‐scale circulation information from Indian Ocean is also important apart form the ENSO. The potential of the combined information of ENSO and EQUINOO for predicting the inflows during monsoon is also investigated with promising results. The results of this study will be helpful to water resources managers due to fact that the nature of monsoon inflow is becoming available as an early prediction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyporheic exchange flow around constructed in‐channel structures and implications for restoration design
Authors: Crispell Jill K. , Endreny Theodore A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn‐channel rock vane structures are widely used in stream restoration as a way to reduce stream channel erosion and create pool or riffle features. When these structures change hydraulic gradients they may affect ecological stream functions, such as hyporheic exchange flow (HEF) patterns. A study of constructed in‐channel structure controls on HEF was conducted in the third‐order Batavia Kill, New York using stream and hyporheic temperature amplitude analysis and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) hydraulic simulations. Temperature monitors were installed in the water column and channel bed at six locations around each of seven in‐channel restoration structures (three cross‐vanes and four J‐hooks) at baseflow in 2007. Elevation surveys of the structures were then used to simulate HEF using CFD. The results indicate a pattern of pronounced upwelling in the run section just below the structure, upwelling transitioning to downwelling within the pool, and pronounced downwelling in the glide out of the pool. This pattern is consistent with natural riffle pool sequences. The direction of HEF inferred from the temperature amplitude analysis agreed with the direction of flow simulated with CFD at 80% of the locations, and the few disagreements were expected due to model limitations. CFD simulation demonstrated that increasing stream flows result in changes in HEF spatial patterns and magnitude at each structure. This work illustrates how CFD simulations can guide design of in‐channel restoration structures for HEF function. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity analysis of prior model probabilities and the value of prior knowledge in the assessment of conceptual model uncertainty in groundwater modelling
Authors: Rojas Rodrigo , Feyen Luc , Dassargues Alain 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA key point in the application of multi‐model Bayesian averaging techniques to assess the predictive uncertainty in groundwater modelling applications is the definition of prior model probabilities, which reflect the prior perception about the plausibility of alternative models. In this work the influence of prior knowledge and prior model probabilities on posterior model probabilities, multi‐model predictions, and conceptual model uncertainty estimations is analysed. The sensitivity to prior model probabilities is assessed using an extensive numerical analysis in which the prior probability space of a set of plausible conceptualizations is discretized to obtain a large ensemble of possible combinations of prior model probabilities. Additionally, the value of prior knowledge about alternative models in reducing conceptual model uncertainty is assessed by considering three example knowledge states, expressed as quantitative relations among the alternative models. A constrained maximum entropy approach is used to find the set of prior model probabilities that correspond to the different prior knowledge states. For illustrative purposes, a three‐dimensional hypothetical setup approximated by seven alternative conceptual models is employed. Results show that posterior model probabilities, leading moments of the predictive distributions and estimations of conceptual model uncertainty are very sensitive to prior model probabilities, indicating the relevance of selecting proper prior probabilities. Additionally, including proper prior knowledge improves the predictive performance of the multi‐model approach, expressed by reductions of the multi‐model prediction variances by up to 60% compared with a non‐informative case. However, the ratio between‐model to total variance does not substantially decrease. This suggests that the contribution of conceptual model uncertainty to the total variance cannot be further reduced based only on prior knowledge about the plausibility of alternative models. These results advocate including proper prior knowledge about alternative conceptualizations in combination with extra conditioning data to further reduce conceptual model uncertainty in groundwater modelling predictions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative hydrology: analysis of a semiarid and a humid tropical watershed
Authors: de Araújo José Carlos , González Piedra Julio Iván 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper analyses measured data from two small tropical watersheds: one in a semiarid (Aiuaba, Brazil, 12·0 km2, 5 years of measurements) and another in a humid environment (Jaruco, Cuba, 43·5 km2, 21 years of measurements). The watersheds are similar with respect to catchment area (tens of km2), potential evaporation (2·1–2·6 m year−1), temperature (22–30 °C) and relief (mild hillslope steepness); but show considerable hydrological discrepancies: average precipitation in the humid watershed is two times higher; average river discharge (mm year−1) is five times higher; and surface water availability (mm year−1) is 14 times higher than in the semiarid watershed. Long‐term operation of hypothetical surface reservoirs in both basins is simulated. The analysis shows that 73% of the average river discharge are available (with 90% annual reliability) in the humid watershed, against only 28% in the semiarid. The main cause of this difference is the excess evaporation, which consumes 55% of the stored water in the semiarid reservoir, but only 12% in the humid one. The research concludes that: (1) although precipitation indicators are higher in the humid area, they are of the same order of magnitude as in the semiarid; and (2) fluvial‐regime and water‐availability variables are more than one order of magnitude higher in the humid basin, which shows a multiplication effect of these hydrological processes. Such major hydrological differences, despite the similarities between the two tropical watersheds, show the importance of further investigations in the field of comparative hydrology. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of antibiotic elution from acrylic bone cement
Authors: Anagnostakos Konstantinos , Kelm Jens 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAntibiotic‐loaded acrylic bone cement is a well‐established tool in the prophylaxis and treatment of orthopedic infections. Numerous studies about its pharmacokinetic properties have demonstrated that only a small part of the incorporated antibiotic amounts can be released, mostly over the first 8–10 weeks. Therefore, in the past 10 years, several attempts have been made for enhancement of the drug elution from bone cement. This article reviews this experience and pays special attention on biantibiotic combinations, additives other than antimicrobial agents, as well as the effect of ultrasound on the antibiotic elution characteristics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Fabrication of freeform bone‐filling calcium phosphate ceramics by gypsum 3D printing method
Authors: Lowmunkong Rungnapa , Sohmura Taiji , Suzuki Yumiko , Matsuya Shigeki , Ishikawa Kunio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTransformation of gypsum model fabricated by three‐dimensional printing (3DP) into hydroxyapatite (HA) by treating in ammonium phosphate solution is possible. However, 3DP powder supplied by the manufacturer contains unknown additives which may be questionable for biomaterials. Accordingly, pure plaster of Paris (POP) powder was used for fabrication in the present study. For accurate fabrication, reduction of supplied binder ink to 80% of standard amount for 3DP powder supplied by the manufacturer was found to be the optimal condition for POP fabrication. Transformation from POP to HA was done by immersing into 1 mol/L ammonium phosphate solution. However, preheating of fabricated POP specimen at 200°C for 30 min to change from calcium sulfate dihydrate into calcium sulfate hemihydrate could accelerate the transformation into HA effectively. To increase compressive strength, HA transformed specimen was sintering at 1150°C for 3 h. The compressive strength increased four times comparing with as transformed HA specimen. However, crystal structure was transformed to β‐TCP due to the chemical reaction between the transformed HA and remained phosphate from ammonium phosphate solution at the sintering temperature. A sophisticated application of the present 3DP method to fabricate the freeform bioceramic for osseous defect was attempted, and jaw bone defect filling biomaterial of β‐TCP and scaffold with macroporous structures could be fabricated. Present 3DP method has possibility to fabricate freeform bioceramic for osseous defect or scaffold. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
The credibility issue: closing the academic/practitioner gap
Authors: Hughes Tim , O'Regan Nicholas , Wornham David 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

The literature is highly critical of the business–academia relationship and there is a lack of congruence between strategic management research conducted by academics and that used by practitioners. There is also a lack of models of collaborative research and its dissemination.

This research aims to identify means by which the degree of academia versus business congruence can be enhanced in managing strategic change effectively.

A critical realist approach was taken using semi‐structured interviews with practitioners, academics, and consultants in order to get a balance of views from different perspectives.

The interviewees presented an opaque picture with a lack of clarity as to how organizations might or should access strategy thinking from within academia. This also extends to some uncertainty about what industry ‘needs’ and, from the point of view of the academic, what should be provided to client organizations.

The results indicate that the transfer of new strategy approaches can only be achieved once practitioners acknowledge the credibility of academia in contributing to practitioner‐related issues.

Analysis of the qualitative data collected for this project suggests that achieving practitioner credibility requires the context and content of collaborations to be more proactively managed through more effective processes.

Implications for academic institutions as well as individual strategic management academics are discussed.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational change in the National Health Service: lessons from the staff
Authors: Marshall Joe , Olphert Anne‐Maria 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

This paper is based on research on the impact organizational change (mergers) had upon staff and patient care in Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) within Leicester, Leicestershire, and Rutland from 2006 to 2007.

The latest round of health reform has been driven by the ‘Commissioning a Patient‐Led NHS’ (CaPLNHS; DOH, 2005) plan to reduce the number of PCTs and for a saving of £250 million in administrative and management costs.

A cross‐sectional case study using a series of focus groups was undertaken to identify salient aspects of mergers and organizational change in a health sector context and explore staff perceptions (negative and positive) of the recent organizational wide changes. Based on the findings, we propose an ‘Agenda for Action’ to recognize and minimize the potential negative effects upon staff and service delivery.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the GRAPPA operator and the generalized sampling theorem to reconstruct undersampled non‐Cartesian data
Authors: Seiberlich Nicole , Breuer Felix A. , Ehses Philipp , Moriguchi Hisamoto , Blaimer Martin , Jakob Peter M. , Griswold Mark A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAs expected from the generalized sampling theorem of Papoulis, the use of a bunched sampling acquisition scheme in conjunction with a conjugate gradient (CG) reconstruction algorithm can decrease scan time by reducing the number of phase‐encoding lines needed to generate an unaliased image at a given resolution. However, the acquisition of such bunched data requires both modified pulse sequences and high gradient performance. A novel method of generating the “bunched” data using self‐calibrating GRAPPA operator gridding (GROG), a parallel imaging method that shifts data points by small distances in k‐space (with Δk usually less than 1.0, depending on the receiver coil) using the GRAPPA operator, is presented here. With the CG reconstruction method, these additional “bunched” points can then be used to reconstruct an image with reduced artifacts from undersampled data. This method is referred to as GROG‐facilitated bunched phase encoding (BPE), or GROG‐BPE. To better understand how the patterns of bunched points, maximal blip size, and number of bunched points affect the reconstruction quality, a number of simulations were performed using the GROG‐BPE approach. Finally, to demonstrate that this method can be combined with a variety of trajectories, examples of images with reduced artifacts reconstructed from undersampled in vivo radial, spiral, and rosette data are shown. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diltiazem and verapamil protect dystrophin‐deficient muscle fibers of MDX mice from degeneration: A potential role in calcium buffering and sarcolemmal stability
Authors: Matsumura Cintia Yuri , Pertille Adriana , Albuquerque Tereza C.P. , Santo Neto Humberto , Marques Maria Julia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe lack of dystrophin in mdx mice and in Duchenne muscular dystrophy causes sarcolemmal breakdown and increased calcium influx followed by myonecrosis. We examined whether the calcium channel blockers diltiazem and verapamil protect dystrophic muscles from degeneration. Mdx mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of diltiazem or verapamil for 18 days, followed by removal of the sternomastoid, diaphragm, tibialis anterior, and cardiac muscles. Control mdx mice were injected with saline. Both drugs significantly decreased blood creatine kinase levels. Total calcium content was significantly higher in mdx muscles than in control C57Bl/10. Verapamil and diltiazem reduced total calcium content only in diaphragm and cardiac muscle. Histological analysis showed that diltiazem significantly attenuated myonecrosis in diaphragm. Immunoblots showed a significant increase of calsequestrin and β‐dystroglycan levels in some diltiazem‐ and verapamil‐treated muscles. Possible interactions of these drugs with the sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma may also contribute to the improvement of the dystrophic phenotype. Muscle Nerve 39: 167–176, 2009
Frontal plane ankle proprioceptive thresholds and unipedal balance
Authors: Son Jaebum , Ashton‐Miller James A. , Richardson James K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractReliable unipedal balance is fundamental to safe ambulation. Accordingly, older persons with peripheral neuropathy (PN), who are at increased risk for falls, demonstrate impaired unipedal balance. To explore the relationship between afferent function and unipedal balance, frontal plane proprioceptive thresholds at the ankle were quantified in 22 subjects (72.5 ± 6.3 years; 11 with PN and 11 matched controls) while they were standing using a foot cradle system and a staircase series of 100 rotational stimuli. PN subjects, as compared to controls, demonstrated shorter median unipedal balance times (3.4 ± 2.7 vs. 14.3 ± 8.9 s; P = 0.0017) and greater (less precise) combined ankle inversion/eversion proprioceptive thresholds (1.17 ± 0.36 vs. 0.65 ± 0.37°; P = 0.0055). Combined ankle inversion/eversion proprioceptive thresholds explained approximately half the variance in unipedal balance time (R2 = 0.5138; P = 0.0004). Given prior work demonstrating a similarly strong relationship between ankle torque generation and unipedal balance, neuropathy‐associated impairments in ankle frontal plane afferent and efferent function appear to be equally responsible for the inability of older persons with PN to reliably balance on one foot. They therefore provide distinct targets for intervention. Muscle Nerve 39: 150–157, 2009
Passive properties of the muscle‐tendon unit: The influence of muscle cross‐sectional area
Authors: Ryan Eric D. , Herda Trent J. , Costa Pablo B. , Defreitas Jason M. , Beck Travis W. , Stout Jeffrey R. , Cramer Joel T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships among the passive properties of the muscle–tendon unit and muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA). Our findings indicated significant relationships between muscle CSA and passive stiffness (P < 0.05; r = 0.830) and muscle CSA and passive energy absorption (P < 0.05; r = 0.765). Since passive stiffness and the ability to absorb passive energy decreases with many diseases, these findings may support the need to maintain or increase muscle CSA. Muscle Nerve 39: 227–229, 2009
Magnitude of QT prolongation associated with a higher risk of Torsades de Pointes
Authors: Lin Yeong‐Liang , Kung Mei‐Fen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPurposeDrug induced Torsades de Pointes (TdP) is a major concern for new drugs seeking regulatory approval. Prolongation of QT intervals greater than 60 millisecond or to longer than 500 millisecond in an individual patient has been considered to be associated with a higher risk. The purpose of this study is to identify values inferred from a population that predict a stronger potential for TdP.MethodsProlongation data of 30 non‐antiarrhythmic QT prolonging drugs were analysed. Depending on how strong the drugs were associated with TdP, they were categorized as strong or borderline torsadogens. The differences in mean QTc increases between the two groups were compared and cut‐off values that distinguished strong from borderline drugs were searched for.ResultsThe average QTc increase of 19.3 millisecond of strong torsadogens was significantly greater than the 8.0 millisecond of borderline torsadogens. Prolongation greater than 12 millisecond in the context of monotherapy or 25 millisecond in the presence of metabolic inhibition and an upper bound of 95% confidence interval (CI) for the mean QTc increase greater than 14 millisecond in monotherapy or 30.1 millisecond in combination therapy with metabolic inhibitors favoured a stronger association with TdP.ConclusionsDrugs strongly associated with TdP have greater QTc increases than those with less concern. Several cut‐off values have been noted to distinguish between them. These values may be helpful for evaluation of TdP risk for future QT prolonging drugs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Si based quantum cascade structure: from energy band structures design to materials growth
Authors: Yu Jinzhong , Han Genquan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an n‐type vertical transition bound‐to‐continuum Ge/SiGe quantum cascade structure utilizing electronic quantum wells in the L and Γ valleys of the Ge layers. The optical transition levels are located in the quantum wells in the L valley. The Γ‐L intervalley scattering is used to depopulate the lower level and inject the electrons into the upper level. We also show that high quality Si1–yGey pseudosubstrate is obtained by thermal annealing of Si1–xGex/Ge/Si structure. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)