bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro comparison of the oxidative and proapoptotic effects of preserved latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost and preservative‐free tafluprost on conjunctival epithelial cells
Authors: BRASNU E , BRIGNOLE‐BAUDOUIN F , RIANCHO L , GUENOUN JM , WARNET JM , BAUDOUIN C 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Prostanoid F2α (PF2α) analogues are used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. This study compared the toxicity profiles of three commercially available preserved PF2α analogues—latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost—with tafluprost, a new preservative‐free fluorinated PF2α analogue. Methods: Cells from an immortalised epithelial cell line from normal human conjunctiva(IOBA‐NHC) were exposed (30 mins) to solutions of latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost (benzalkonium chloride [BAC] concentrations of 0.02%, 0.015%, 0.005%, respectively), PgF2α (0.0001M) and tafluprost. Membrane integrity/cellular viability, pro‐apoptotic effects and oxidative stress were assessed. Standard immunofluorescence was used to study morphologic patterns of cells under the same conditions. Results: Of the agents studied, preservative‐free tafluprost resulted in significantly (P<0.001) higher membrane integrity (91.5 vs 37.4=latanoprost; 54.2=travoprost; 64.7=bimatoprost), lower oxidative stress (129.5 vs 359.7=latanoprost; 226.3=travoprost; 183.0=bimatoprost) and lower proapoptotic effects (117.6 vs 412.3=latanoprost; 355.1=travoprost; 148.1=bimatoprost). Immunofluorescence showed that cell shrinkage increased in a BAC‐concentration dependant manner, with the least shrinkage observed with BAC preservative‐free tafluprost. The increase in harmful effects with ascending BAC concentrations of preserved PF2α analogues was observed for all parameters measured. Conclusions: These results suggest that tafluprost, a new preservative‐free PF2α analogue, has low proapoptotic, pronecrotic and prooxidative effects in vitro.
A model of paediatric eye screening program for educators
Authors: STOJANOVIC N , KOZEIS N , GOGAKI EG 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Presentation of a paediatric eye screening program which is based on the educators’ performance Methods: 4400 children(n1=2200 3‐3 ½ y.o., n2=2200 4‐6 y.o.),10 ophthalmologists and 20 teachers participated in this study.Children were tested for visual acuity(Va),using the NK test and manifest horizontal strabismus,using the Hirschberg test.Criteria for further evaluation:n1: Va<0.55 and/or manifest strabismus& in n2:Va<0.75and/or manifest strabismus Results: In n1=2200, doctors found:105 children(4.77%) appeared with Va<0.55, 1938 children(88.1%)with Va=0.55 and 157 children(7.13%)with Va>0.55. In n1 teachers found:191 children(8.68%) appeared with Va<0.55,1799 children(81.78%)with Va=0.55 and 210 children(9.54%)with Va >0.55. In (n1) doctors found:2111children(95.95%)were orthophoric,62 children(2.81%)were esotropic and 27 children(1,23%) were exotropic. Teachers found:2051 children(93.22%)were orthophoric, 106 children(4.81%) were esotropic and 43 children(1.97%)were exotropic.In n2=2200,doctors found:164 children(7.45%) appeared with Va<0.75,1695 children(77.05 %)with Va=0.75 and 341 children(15.5%)with Va>0.75. In n2, teachers found:160 children(7.27%)with Va<0.75,1639 children(74.50 %)with Va=0.75 and 401 children(18.22 %)with Va>0.75. In the same sample(n2), doctors found:2121 children(96.40%)were orthophoric, 62children(2.81%)were esotropic and 17 children(0.79%)were exotorpic.Teachers found:2041 children(92.77%)were orthophoric,64 children(2.90%)were esotropic and 95 children(4.32 %)were exotropic Conclusions: In a screening eye program false positive referrals are more welcome than false negative,especially in a very cost effective program as this one is. We recommend this model in countries where no paramedics as screeners exist
ATD perimetry in glaucoma and ocular hypertensive patients. A preliminar study
Authors: MORILLA A , ANTON A , JIMENEZ B , RODRIGUEZ C , MARTINEZ V , FALLON M , CAPILLA P , LUQUE MJ , FELIPE A , ARTIGAS JM 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The new ATD perimetry assesses contrast sentivity thresholds for the three afferent sensory pathways of the visual system. Our aim is to compare contrast sensitivity to stimuli with different spatio‐temporal frequencies in glaucomatous (G) and ocular hypertensive (OHT) subjects. Methods: Twenty three G and OHT subjects were selected from the ophthalmic clinic, all subjects signed an informed consent. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of G or OHT, normal Farnsworth‐Munsell color test, ametropia less than 6 D, visual acuity over 20/30, absence of previous ocular surgery and experience in perimetry. Twenty locations and the fovea were evaluated in a 60º x 40º fovea‐centered field. Eight gabor stimuli were used: 0.5cpd‐12Hz, 0.5cpd‐24Hz, 4cpd‐2Hz and 4cpd 12Hz, modulated along the achromatic (A) direction, 0.5cpd‐12Hz and 4cpd‐2Hz along the red/green (T) and blue/yellow (D) directions. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and Schéffé tests. Results: Mean thresholds for G and OHT were respectively, 0.4872 ± 0.5323 and 0.1077 ± 0.1922, for A 0.5cpd‐12Hz; 0.7296 ± 0.5925 and 0.2280 ± 0.2246 for stimulus A 0.5cpd‐24Hz; 1.4444 ± 0.5244 and 1,2671 ± 0.6138 for A 4cpd‐2Hz; and 0.7751 ± 0.1937 and 0.6851 ± 0.2379 for D 0.5cpd‐12Hz. Significant statistical differences (p<0.05) were found between G and OHT groups only with these stimuli. Conclusions: These preliminary results show that certain stimuli may differentiate between G and OHT subjects. A larger population sample, including glaucoma suspects, is currently under study.
Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide to control the diabetic macular edema
Authors: SANCHEZ CHICHARRO DI , LOPEZ GALVEZ MI 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To asses the efficacy of intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA) in diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME) refractory to laser coagulation Methods: Descriptive, retrospective, non randomized study without control group done on 35 eyes of 27 patients with DME and negative dexamethasone test, treated with 4mg intravitreal TA between January‐2006 and March‐2007. Variation in Visual Acuity (VA)(Snellen Chart) was considered as main outcome, and angiographic (AFG) edema was consider as secondary outcome. The statistic analysis was performed by contingency tables, Chi‐square test and Fisher exact test Results: The median basal VA was 0.16, observing an improvement of two or more lines in 31.4% at first month post op and 34.3% at the end of follow up(7 months). Although the edema was resolved in 42.9% at the first month by AFG, it persisted in 77.1% by the end of the study. A mayor effect was observed in patients treated with insulin+oral hypoglucemiants+diet(p:0.021), cystic CSME(p:0.018), or previous grill laser(p:0.055).A statistically significant relation was observed between VA and the absent of edema in the AFG. Three eyes developed ocular hypertension during the first 24 hours and 4 eyes at first month, all them controlled by topical treatment. No endophthalmitis was observed Conclusions: Results were similar to bibliography. A strong relation was observed between VA and AFG during entire follow up. Systemic treatment with diet‐insulin‐oral hypoglucemiants seemed to induce a better respond to the intravitreal TA in the control of DME
Retinal layer thickness changes in eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema
Authors: SOMFAI GM , TATRAI E , FERENCZ M , PULIAFITO CA , CABRERA FD 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The leading cause of visual impairment among patients with diabetes is diabetic macular edema, which has several patterns. In our study we aimed to assess which retinal layers show thickness changes in diffuse diabetic macular edema (dDME). Methods: 11 eyes with background retinopathy and dDME on optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination and 8 control healthy eyes were enrolled in our study with 1.0 best corrected visual acuity (mean age 54 [37‐67] years and 53 [36‐67] years, respectively). Standard macular mapping was performed in all eyes using a Stratus OCT™ device. All OCT images were segmented using an algorithm of our own design, average thickness data were obtained for the following cellular layers: retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer and internal plexiform layer complex (GCL+IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL). Results: Average layer thickness significantly increased in all layers in the dDME group except for the RNFL. (RNFL: 41.93±2.05 vs. 42.91±2.84 [p=0.62], GCL+IPL: 71.99±1.04 vs. 75.80±3.42 [p=0.006], INL: 34.34±1.90 vs. 37.55±1.39 [p=0.003], OPL: 34.47±2.25 vs. 37.40±2.01 [p=0.013], ONL: 83.48±4.34 vs. 94.67±11.65 [0.025], results are mean μm±SD). Conclusions: Our results show that all cellular layers of the retina except for the RNFL are thicker in eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema. It remains an open question how various cellular layers of the retina are involved in retinal thickening in the case of diffuse diabetic macular edema.
Ophthalmoscopic estimation of cup‐to‐disc ratio and its relation to the evening intraocular pressure in normal individuals
Authors: CHATZIBALIS T , KARAMPATAKIS V , GKIKA M , BENOS A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To record and relate the cap‐to‐disc ratio (C/D ratio), as assessed by ophthalmoscopy and the evening intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal individuals of various age groups. Methods: 467 normal individuals, randomly selected, were examined by the same experienced ophthalmologist. The C/D ratio was assessed by ophthalmoscopy and the IOP was measured in the evening by Applanation Tonometry. The individuals were divided into three age groups (Group A: 120 individuals 20‐40 years old, Group B: 233 individuals 41‐60 years old, Group C: 114 individuals 61‐80 years old). Results: Group A: C/D ratio ranged from 0 to 0.9 (mean±SD 0.496±0.221) and IOP ranged from 8 to 22 mmHg (mean±SD 13.35±2.650 mmHg). Group B: C/D ratio ranged from 0 to 0.85 (mean±SD 0.452±0.212) and IOP ranged from 8 to 22 mmHg (mean ± SD 14.079 ± 2.781 mmHg). Group C: C/D ratio ranged from 0 to 0.85 (mean±SD 0.499±0.221) and IOP ranged from 10 to 20 mmHg (mean±SD 14.133±2.419 mmHg). The relation (r) between IOP and C/D ratio was as follows: Group A: r = 0.268 (p<0.001), Group B: r = 0.063 (p<0.001), Group C: r = 0.109 (p<0.001). Conclusions: The C/D ratio values were, in general, larger in individuals with higher IOP values. However, this relation was weak though statistically significant. In Group B the relation was of lower statistical significance than in the Group A and in the Group C. This weak relation is possibly indicative that other factors except for IOP contribute to the final C/D ratio of normal individuals. There are individuals with high C/D ratios and relatively low IOP values and vice versa. The examiner is responsible for identifying cases which should undergo further investigation.
Ocular motility disorders in a Fabry patient
Authors: LANZL IM , MAIER M , ZIMMERMANN P , HAEFELE V , FIORE B 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: M. Fabry is a rare lysosomal storage disease affecting among other organs the vascular endothelium. Methods: We present a 38 years old male Fabry patient with a prior history of 6 different episodes of stroke. We examined him 3 months after his last stroke in our department for newly developing ocular motility disorders. Results: Slit lamp exam revealed bilateral cornea verticillata, conjunctival vessel anomalies and tortuous retinal vessels. Bilateral blepharospasm pronounced on the right side was present. Bilateral rotatory nystagm was also noted. MRI showed diffuse white matter lesions. For the blepharospasm botolinum therapy was instituted. Conclusions: Most likely Fabry disease causes cerebral ischemia in an atypical pattern, in our patient affecting among others different nuclei responsible for ocular motility.
Intravitreous bevacizumab to treat subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in highly myopic eyes
Authors: RUIZ MORENO JM , MONTERO‐MORENO JA , AMAT‐PERAL P , LUGO F , STAICU C , DE LA VEGA C 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To describe the anatomical and visual outcome of subfoveal and juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in highly myopic (HM) eyes treated with intravitreal bevacizumab Methods: Prospective, non randomized, multicentric, interventional case series. 17 highly myopic eyes from 16 patients with subfoveal or juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization were treated by three monthly intravitreal injections with 1.25 mg bevacizumab. Patients were evaluated for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline, and monthly before the injections were performed. Fluorescein angiography (FA) was performed at baseline and at month 3 Results: Patients averaged 48.1 years‐of‐age (SD 15.3; range 29 to 72). Five patients were males and 11 were females. All eyes were followed for six months or longer. BCVA at baseline averaged 20/67 (range 20/160 to 20/32) (61.0 letters, SD 10, range 40 to 75) and 20/48 (range 20/125 to 20/20) (69.6 letters, SD 12.6, range 45 to 85) at the end of follow‐up (p=0.003 and p=0.002 respectively). Average central foveal thickness was (CFT) 253.5 microns (SD 40.1, range 205 to 340) at baseline and 202.1 microns (SD 31.7; range 154 to 251) at the end (p=0.001). Leakage from CNV ceased in all eyes at month three. No ocular or systemic safety issues appeared during follow‐up Conclusions: Intravitreal bevacizumab seems to be an effective and safe therapeutical procedure to treat subfoveal or juxtafoveal CNV in HM eyes. Further studies are required to verify the efficacy and usefulness of this therapy compared with established treatments for CNV in HM eyes
Epidemiology and follow‐up of pigmentary glaucoma in Calabria
Authors: MATTACE A , MANGIALAVORI D , SCANDALE M , PESCE G , CARNOVALE SCALZO G , SETTINO G , SCORCIA V , SCORCIA GB , RECHICHI M , SCORCIA G 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of pigmentary glaucoma (POAG) in Calabria. Methods: Subjects were patients newly diagnosed with pigmentary glaucoma during 2006 who came to our Centre of Glaucoma. We performed a full ofthalmological examination: Best Corrected Visual Acuity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, pachimetry, gonioscopy, measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) with applanation tonometry,tonometric IOP curve, fundus oculi, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter, Nerve fiber analyzer, visual field, Optical Coherence Tomography, Ocular Blood Flow System, monitorated ambulatory pressure, sovraortic vessels doppler and transcranic doppler. Criteria for POAG were: pigment dispersion (mild, intermediate, severe), IOP greater than 21 mmHg, optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Results: A total of 87/150 (58%) patients presenting open angle glaucoma have been examined at the “Glaucoma Clinic Center” during the study (three times for year). 41/87 ( 47.12%) of them had POAG (with open angle grade 2‐4), 22 females and 19 males (mean age 48+/‐12 years old, M+F). The male‐female ratio was 1:1,1. Conclusions: The incidence of POAG in Calabria was 1:500 (0,2%).Owing the high frequency of POAG in Calabrian glaucoma patients we believe that performing at least a one time year follow‐up in these patients is helpful in preventing ocular complications.
Is AZOOR an autoimmune disease?
Authors: SEIDOVA SF , WIESCHER A , FIORE B , LANZL IM , MAIER M , ZIMMERMANN P 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is one of the "white dot syndromes" a clinically heterogeneous group of inflammatory chorioretinopathies. The etiology is not yet clear. Methods: We present a 50 years female patient with a prior history of migraine. She experienced progressive visual loss and visual field defects in the last 3 years. Preceding each episode she experienced blue flickering photopsias. Results: Visual acuity was 0,3 in the right eye and 0,6 in the left eye. Biomicroscopy showed a normal anterior segment, fundus exam revealed pigment epithelial atrophy more pronounced in the worse eye. Electrophysiology showed a marked reduction in the photopic ERG in the more affected eye. MRI demonstrated multiple white matter lesions including a corpus callosum location. Lumbar puncture showed oligoclonal bands. Further tests demonstrated hearing impairment.Therapy was instituted during the three years course of the disease with steroids, immune suppressants and plasmapheresis with visual loss being progressive. New photopsia is currently present. Conclusions: The etiology of AZOOR remains unclear. With our patient being one of the few described in the literature with concomitant multiple sclerosis, the question remains on whether there is an underlying common process of inflammatory autoimmune reactions. Whether treatment is possible, remains to be evaluated.
Effect of Mitomycin‐C on the conjunctival goblet cell density after lasik
Authors: RODRIGUEZ AE , RODRIGUEZ‐PRATS JL , MEZQUIDA G , ALIO JL 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To study the effect of mitomycin‐C (MMC) on the conjunctival epithelium after LASIK ablation. Methods: This preliminary study comprised 18 patients scheduled for LASIK to correct myopia. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 9 patients each. In Group 1, the flap was performed with a mechanical microkeratome (M2, Moria), wereas in Group 2 a femtosecond laser (IntraLase) was used. For each patient topical MMC 0.02% was applied on the right eye with a Merocell sponge for 60 seconds, over the bulbar superior conjunctiva covering an area of 64 mm2 before the surgery. Conjunctival goblet cell density was studied by impression cytology pre‐operatively, and at one, two and three months after surgery. Results: Analysis by impression cytology of the ocular surface showed that preoperative goblet cell density was not significantly different between the eyes with and without MMC (G1: P=0.81 and G2: P=0.50).1 month after LASIK surgery there was a significant decrease in the goblet cell density in both groups (G1: P<0.008 and G2: P<0.022). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the goblet cell density between the right and left eye, at any time after the surgery, in any of the two groups (G1: P>0.62 and G2: P>0.08). Conclusions: Topical MMC 0.02% for 60 seconds over the bulbar conjunctiva before the LASIK surgery does not seem to affect the conjunctival goblet cell density in this preliminary study.
Morphological and functional analyses of diabetic macular edema in diurnal fluctuation by optical coherence tomography and fundus related microperimetry in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: CARNOVALE SCALZO G , RECHICHI M , SCORCIA GB , AHMETAJ M , LEONE A , PAOLA A , BRUZZICHESSI D , SCORCIA V , ALOI M , SCORCIA G 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine the significant correlations between retinal sensitivity measured by fundus‐related microperimetry and the visual acuity and the foveal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) during diurnal variations of blood glucose levels. Methods: 30 eyes with macular edema of 40 consecutive patients with type1 diabete and 20 eyes of 20 normal subjects were included in our study. Best corrected visual acuity (ETDRS charts), macular thickness, macular sensitivity, and blood glucose concentration were quantified in all patients twice a day (10 am, 5 pm). Optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT, Zeiss) was used to quantify macular thickness; macular sensitivity and retinal fixation were evaluated with fundus related microperimeter (MP1,Nidek). Results: The mean sensitivities in examinated area were significantly lower in patients with DME than in normal subjects (P<0.0001). The mean retinal sensitivities were inversely correlated with visual acuity and foveal thickness, in according with glucose plasmatic level. ). Conclusions: The mean retinal sensitivities measured with fundus‐related microperimetry were significantly lower in eyes with DME than in normal eyes. A significant correlation between the microperimeter‐determined retinal sensitivity and visual acuity and foveal thickness was observed in the course of the day compared to blood glucose level. MP1 and OCT could be useful techniques in morphological and functional macular analyses of DME.
Metabolic stress as a contributor to physiological opening of TRP channels in blowfly (Calliphora vicina)
Authors: PEROVSEK D , ZUPANCIC G 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: TRP channels in blowflies can be reversibly activated by metabolic stress. Activation can be caused by hypoxia or mitochondrial uncoupling and results in membrane depolarization. The changes where traced as changes in extracellular ionic composition, photoreceptor membrane currents and changes in membrane potential. Idea of specific signaling pathway opening TRP channels was rejected with findings that impairment of PIP2 under lack of ATP, results in activation of TRP channels. Even though the mechanism of metabolic stress TRP channel activation is elucidated, it remained unanswered what rate of metabolic stress is needed to open the channels and whether under physiological conditions photoreceptor cells encounter the rate of metabolic stress that can significantly contribute to opening of TRP channels. Methods: Extracellular concentrations of [K+]o, [Na+]o and [Ca2+]o were measured using the ion‐selective microelectrodes. The redox states of respiratory pigments (flavoproteins and cytochromes) in the eyes of blowflies (Calliphora vicina) were measured with time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy and use of principal components analysis. Anoxia was reached in under 2s time. Results: Changes in [K+]o, [Na+]o and [Ca2+]o appeared with latency of 8.06 ± 1.38 s, 10.38 ± 2.48 s and 13.11 ± 3.09 s, respectively (mean ± s.e.m., n=7). First detectable changes in redox state of cytochrome c respiratory pigment started at 1.79 ± 0.19 s and reached 39.4% ± 5.4 % of the maximal reduction by the time changes in ionic composition were detectable. Conclusions: Our conclusion was that high degree of maximal redox state change is needed (39.4%) to open TRP channels, what is unlikely to happen under physiological conditions.
Local tolerability of Timolol 0,5% / Travoprost 0,004% (Duotrav ®) fixed combination in patients with open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: PESCE G , RECHICHI M , CATALANO C , SCORCIA V , CARNOVALE SCALZO G , SCORCIA G 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate short‐middle time tolerability (8 months follow‐ up) of timolol 0,5%/ travoprost0,004% (Duotrav ®) fixed combinantion in patients with open‐angle glaucoma. Methods: Prospective, open trial in which 50 patients was involved with a 8 months follow‐up. Inclusion criteria was primarily failure of beta‐blockers or prostaglandins in monotherapy and need for better IOP control and compliance . Exclusion criteria was patients with clinical contraindications to beta‐blockers and history of allergy to prostaglandins.Follow‐up parameters was: corneal erosions, conjunctival flogosis, ocular symptomatology, intraocular pressure, break‐up time , visual acuity.Primary objectives of the study was analysis of side effects and IOP shift . Secondary objective was patient compliance evaluated by questionnaire. Results: Patients compliance was improved despite to lower rate of side effects.No clinically relevant ocular signs or symptoms regarding lids, conjunctiva and anterior chamber were observed after the drug switch. DUOTRAV® produced a mean IOP reduction of 2.5 mm/Hg (range 1.8 to 3.3) (p< 0.001) .Visual acuity analysis showed no loss of letters at the end of follow‐up and slit lamp examination showed a break‐up time of 9.2 sec for monotherapy and 10 sec for fixed combination group (p >0.01). Conclusions: Results show that in daily‐dosing DUOTRAV seems to be more effective respect to single‐drug treatment in reason of better tolerability®, IOP control , compliance and clinic management.