bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms as an Index of Biologic Behavior in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Pugliano Frederic A. , Piccirillo Jay F. , Zequeira Maria R. , Fredrickson John M. , Perez Carlos A. , Simpson Joseph R. 
Published: November 2005

The TNM staging system for head and neck cancer is based on the morphologic description of the tumor and disregards the clinical condition of the patient. Cancer symptoms were evaluated as a biologic index of disease to improve survival estimates. The medical records of 1010 patients receiving initial cancer treatment between 1980 and 1991 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean survival duration was 62 months for the entire population. By use of SAS statistical software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC), 48 symptom variables were screened by univariate analysis, and 23 of these variables were selected for entry into a Cox proportional hazards model on the basis of survival duration. Dysphagia, otalgia, neck lump, and weight loss were identified as independent predictors of survival duration (P <0.01). A composite symptom‐severity staging system was created on the basis of the 4 symptoms. Mean survival duration (95% CI) by symptom‐severity stage was as follows: none, 74 months (70 to 79 months); mild, 56 months (51 to 61 months); moderate, 40 months (33 to 47 months); and severe, 31 months (22 to 41 months) (χ2 = 30.8, P = 0.0001). Survival duration by TNM stage was as follows: I, 89 months (82 to 95 months); II, 71 months (65 to 78 months); III, 53 months (47 to 59 months); and IV, 42 months (37 to 47 months) (χ2 = 56.2, P = 0.0001). When symptom‐severity stage was entered in a proportional‐hazards model along with TNM stage, comorbidity, age, and alcohol use, all 5 variables were independently predictive of survival duration (risk ratio: symptom severity 1.28, TNM 1.33, comorbidity 1.80, age 1.47, alcohol use 1.09). Appropriately defined symptom variables contain important prognostic information, which is independent of the TNM system. Therefore symptoms provide an index of biologic behavior in head and neck cancer.
Malleus‐to‐Footplate Prosthetic Interposition: Experience with 265 Patients
Authors: Colletti Vittorio , Fiorino Francesco G. 
Published: November 2005

Absence of the long process of the incus with or without absence of the stapes head accounts for more than 80% of ossicular discontinuities. Total or partial replacement prostheses, made of various materials, are interposed to restore the transfer function of the middle ear. To simplify ossicular reconstruction, reduce operative times and costs, improve functional outcomes, and avoid the risk of infections, we have adopted, during the past 10 years, a technique that makes use of a personally designed alloplastic prosthetic device. The prosthesis connects the malleus to the footplate, even in the presence of the stapes superstructure. This malleus‐to‐footplate prosthesis consists in a plastipore‐coated steel piston and hydroxyapatite head, complete with a groove. The groove is placed beneath the malleus neck after dissection of the tensor tympani tendon and the shaft of the piston on the footplate. Two hundred ninety primary ossiculoplasties with the malleus‐to‐footplate prostheses were performed in 265 patients from 1986 to 1995 in the ENT Department of the University of Verona. The average postoperative air‐bone gap at 0.5 to 3 kHz was 11 dB at 1 year and 14 dB at 5 years. These outcomes are significantly better than those personally obtained previously with ossicular or alloplastic prostheses. No extrusions occurred. The structural characteristics of the malleus‐to‐footplate prosthesis endow the prosthesis with a high degree of biocompatibility and stability and optimal sound‐transfer function. The rationale for this particular ossiculoplasty procedure is discussed.
Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Young Adults: A Report on 13 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hart Anna Kristina E. , Karakla Daniel W. , Pitman Karen T. , Adams Janice F. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVESquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck is rare in patients younger than 45 years. Patients aged 18 to 45 years with SCC of the oral cavity (OC) and oropharynx (OP) were retrospectively compared with older control subjects.METHODSTwenty of 127 patients with OC/OP SCC were young adults. Thirteen patients (10 men) comprise the present series; 9 had OC lesions. Seven case controls were identified.RESULTSOverall, 15.75% of patients with OC/OP SCC were 18 to 45 years old. Seven OC lesions were early stage, and 2 were late stage; OP lesions were evenly divided. Eleven of 13 patients were disease free at the time of their last visit; 2 died of disease. Thirty‐one percent of young patients were heavy drinkers; 77% of them smoked.CONCLUSIONSYoung adults' survival rate resembles that reported for all patients with head and neck cancer stage for stage. Tobacco and alcohol abuse prevention among young people is imperative. Health care providers who encounter a young patient with a suspicious head or neck lesion must include malignancy in their differential diagnosis.
Mucin Production in the Middle Ear in Response to Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Hunter Shannon E. , Singla Aneesh K. , Prazma Jiri , Jewett Brian S. , Randell Scott H. , Pillsbury Harold C. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVEThis study examined the response of middle ear tissue to establish the lowest dose of lipopolysaccharide to induce mucin production in a rat otitis media model.METHODSTwenty‐six male Sprague‐Dawley rats' eustachian tubes were obstructed before transtympanic inoculation of the bulla tympanica with 35 μL of Krebs Ringer or 1, 10, 100, or 1000 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide. After 7 days the effusion and a lavage were collected for mucin ELISA measurement, and tissue was collected for histologic evaluation.RESULTSMucin secretion was significantly increased in the 100 μg/mL 51.20 ± 13.6 μg/mL (SE) and 1000 μg/mL 69.42 ± 8.57 μg/mL groups when compared with the Krebs Ringer control group 1.84 ± 0.28 μg/mL (P < 0.05). Histologic evaluation shows goblet cell metaplasia and hyperplasia in the middle ear epithelium in the 1000 and 100 μg/mL groups.CONCLUSIONSThe histology and ELISA results suggest that a middle ear effusion is generated with a dose of lipopolysaccharide as low as 100 μg/mL.
Signal Transduction Pathway in Human Middle Ear Cholesteatoma
Authors: Myers Eugene N. , Park Keehyun , Chun Young‐Myoung , Lee Dong‐Hoon , Hwang Sung Chul 
Published: November 2005

Phospholipase C‐γ1 plays a central role in signal transduction, and it is important in cellular growth, differentiation, and proliferation. Human cholesteatoma in the middle ear is characterized by the presence of a keratinizing epithelium that is believed to have hyperproliferative properties. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the distribution of phospholipase C‐γ1 in cholesteatoma matrix and deep meatal skin with Western blot analysis and immuno‐histochemistry. In conclusion, overexpression of phospholipase C‐γ1 in cholesteatoma matrix suggests a possible derangement of enhanced growth signal transduction in keratinocytes.
Production and content management implications for archival projects: a snapshot in May 2005
Authors: Inger Simon 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTThe British Library, under the auspices of the Joint Committee on Legal Deposit's sub‐committee for e‐journals, is conducting a pilot project to lay the groundwork for possible legislation for the legal deposit of electronic journals. One component of the project has been to understand the production environment that governs the creation of the published data, the content management systems that publishers have deployed and the ways in which publishers are able to distribute content to their partners. This work is a snapshot of a cross‐section of the UK journal‐publishing industry taken in May 2005.
A genotype calling algorithm for affymetrix SNP arrays
Authors: Rabbee Nusrat , Speed Terence P. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Motivation: A classification algorithm, based on a multi-chip, multi-SNP approach is proposed for Affymetrix SNP arrays. Current procedures for calling genotypes on SNP arrays process all the features associated with one chip and one SNP at a time. Using a large training sample where the genotype labels are known, we develop a supervised learning algorithm to obtain more accurate classification results on new data. The method we propose, RLMM, is based on a robustly fitted, linear model and uses the Mahalanobis distance for classification. The chip-to-chip non-biological variance is reduced through normalization. This model-based algorithm captures the similarities across genotype groups and probes, as well as across thousands of SNPs for accurate classification. In this paper, we apply RLMM to Affymetrix 100 K SNP array data, present classification results and compare them with genotype calls obtained from the Affymetrix procedure DM, as well as to the publicly available genotype calls from the HapMap project.
Availability: The RLMM software is implemented in R and is available from Bioconductor or from the first author at nrabbee@post.harvard.edu.
Contact: nrabbee@stat.berkeley.edu
Supplementary information:
libSRES: a C library for stochastic ranking evolution strategy for parameter estimation
Authors: Ji Xinglai , Xu Ying 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Summary: Estimation of kinetic parameters in a biochemical pathway or network represents a common problem in systems studies of biological processes. We have implemented a C library, named libSRES, to facilitate a fast implementation of computer software for study of non-linear biochemical pathways. This library implements a (μ, λ)-ES evolutionary optimization algorithm that uses stochastic ranking as the constraint handling technique. Considering the amount of computing time it might require to solve a parameter-estimation problem, an MPI version of libSRES is provided for parallel implementation, as well as a simple user interface. libSRES is freely available and could be used directly in any C program as a library function. We have extensively tested the performance of libSRES on various pathway parameter-estimation problems and found its performance to be satisfactory.
Availability: The source code (in C) is free for academic users at
Contact: xyn@bmb.uga.edu
Supplementary information: Detailed documentation for libSRES is available at
GenoMiner: a tool for genome-wide search of coding and non-coding conserved sequence tags
Authors: Castrignanò Tiziana , De Meo Paolo D'Onorio , Grillo Giorgio , Liuni Sabino , Mignone Flavio , Talamo Ivano Giuseppe , Pesole Graziano 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Summary: GenoMiner is a software tool that searches for regions of similarity between user-submitted genome or transcript sequences and user-specified whole genome assemblies. The program then identifies conserved sequence tags (CSTs) in these homologous regions and provides a prediction of their coding or non-coding nature. The analysis is carried out through three steps: (1) definition of sequence regions homologous to the query sequence in the selected target genomes by a fast BLAT alignment; (2) identification of CSTs by a more sensitive BLAST-like alignment between the query and the homologous regions in the target genomes and (3) assessment of the coding or non-coding nature of detected CSTs through the computation of a suitable coding potential score. GenoMiner allows the user to search the query sequence against a number of vertebrate genome assemblies in a single run providing a user-friendly graphical output.
Availability: . GenoMiner software and documentation is available from the authors upon request.
Contact: graziano.pesole@unimi.it
Effects of sodium chloride on water quality and growth of Oreochromis niloticus in earthen ponds
Authors: Liti David , Munguti Jonathan , Kreuzinger Norbert , Kummer Helmut 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted between April and August 2001 to evaluate the effects of NaCl on Oreochromis niloticus growth and water quality in twelve 0.015 ha limed ponds. The design involved fertilizer and salt as factors with two treatments for each factor. Each salt‐fertilizer combination was replicated three times and fish were not offered external food during the 98 days culture. Growth of O. niloticus was significantly enhanced by salt at higher fertilizer level but not at the lower fertilization level. Although salt had no direct effect on fish growth, a significant salt‐fertilizer interaction was demonstrated. Water quality variables, with a few exceptions, were similar among the salted treatments. Total ammonia increased significantly with fertilization level, but the values were similar in salted and unsalted treatments at the same fertilizer level. Total nitrogen was higher in the salted than unsalted treatments while the organic matter content was lower in the salted treatments. The reasons for the better growth of O. niloticus, are discussed with respect to water quality variables. The present results suggest that fertilization rates of 20 kg N ha−1 may have negative effects on fish growth. However, presence of sodium chloride seems to reduce these negative effects.
Diel variation in the difference in air temperature between the forest edge and interior in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania
Authors: Newmark William 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe difference in air temperature between the forest edge and interior was simultaneously compared at ten sites at 2‐h intervals over a 229‐day period in the East and West Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. Measurements were recorded with data loggers placed 1.5 m above the ground on the shaded side of trees and positioned 1–2 and 100 m from the forest edge. The difference in air temperature between the forest edge and interior varied regularly over a 24‐h period with mean maximum difference in air temperatures of 0.85°C occurring at 15:00 h and mean minimum diel difference in air temperature of 0.02°C occurring at 21:00 h. Diel variation in the difference in air temperature between the forest edge and interior varied little by season and was unrelated to elevation.
Nests of subterranean fungus‐growing termites (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae) as nutrient patches for grasses in savannah ecosystems
Authors: Jouquet Pascal , Tavernier Virginie , Abbadie Luc , Lepage Michel 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSavannah are ecosystems in which mineral nitrogen is considered as a limiting factor for plant productivity. They are heterogeneous and spatially structured in patches, or islands, where mineral nitrogen content is concentrated. Among the soil macrofauna, termites of the Macrotermitinae subfamily are major determinants of soil heterogeneity through the biogenic underground nest structures (fungus‐comb chambers) they produce. To study the role of the heterogeneity created by termites on Pennisetum pedicellatum, an herbaceous grass species was grown in greenhouse. This was carried out using an homogeneous soil poor in mineral nitrogen, and an heterogeneous soil with patch, made of (i) Ancistrotermes cavithorax fungus‐comb chamber wall and (ii) soil with the same mineral nitrogen content as the termite handled soil. Plants exhibited a better growth on patch of termite‐modified soil whereas no significant differences were shown with the supply of mineral nitrogen. The presence of fungus‐comb chamber wall material resulted in an increase of fine root biomass and root/shoot ratio. We conclude that termites, through their building activities, may create nutrient patches available to grasses. Concurrently, our data illustrate that the higher mineral nitrogen content in termite‐built structures is not the only factor responsible for plant growth.
Foraging behaviour and diet composition of bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus Pallas, 1766) in Queen Elizabeth National Park, western Uganda
Authors: Apio Ann , Wronski Torsten 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe foraging behaviour and food selection of bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) were studied in the Queen Elizabeth National Park, western Uganda. Forty‐three plant species were consumed by bushbuck, consisting of two tree, eight shrub, eighteen perennial woody herb, thirteen annual non‐woody herb and two climbing herb species. No significant seasonal variation in time allocated to feeding and performing miscellaneous activities per unit distance covered whilst foraging was recorded. This suggests that major plant species for foraging were available to the animals in sufficient quantities in both seasons. However, there were seasonal changes in the proportions of different plant species in the diet, although none of these dissimilarities was significant. Males spent insignificantly more time feeding than females. Bite size, established for major food plant species, was inversely related to bite rate and discussed in terms of plant‐part selection. The study also compared foraging behaviour of bushbuck observed between 1974 and 1976 (Okiria, 1980, African Journal of Ecology, 18, 11–17) with that today and discusses it in the light of changes in vegetation observed over the last 35 years in the study area.
Climber species composition, abundance and relationship with trees in a Nigerian secondary forest
Authors: Muoghalu Joseph Ikechukwu , Okeesan Oluwabumi Okerinmola 
Published: November 2005

AbstractClimbers play different roles in forest biology and ecology and are the first to be eliminated during forest clearing but little is known about the species composition, distribution and relationship with tree species of this group of plants of tropical forest. This study thus investigated the species composition, abundance and tree relationship of climbers along altitudinal gradient in four 0.06 ha plots in a secondary forest at Ile‐Ife, Nigeria. All trees ≥10 cm g.b.h were examined for the presence of climbers in the plots. There were 49 climber species consisting of 35 liana and fourteen vine species distributed over 41 genera and 28 families in the forest. Lianas contributed 34% and vines 13.7% of the plant species in the forest. Climber basal area, density, number of species, genera and families increased with altitude. Forty‐two per cent (42%) of the trees in the forest carried climbers. There was significant positive correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between girth sizes of host trees of 31–50 cm with the girths of climbers on them indicating that trees of these girth sizes are highly susceptible to climber infestation. Tree species host density and size are important factors in determining the presence of climbers on a tree.
Dry‐pasteurization of egg albumen powder in a fluidized bed. I. Effect on microbiology, physical and chemical parameters
Authors: Hammershøj Marianne , Nording Jens A. , Rasmussen Hans C. , Carstens Jan H. , Pedersen Henrik 
Published: November 2005

SummaryPresent pasteurization methods of dried egg albumen powder require large storage facilities and take a long time. The use of a fluidized bed system for dry pasterurization of egg albumen was studied as an alternative approach. In Experiment 1 two different temperature treatments were investigated (90 °C and 130 °C); whilst in Experiment 2 the effect of high vs. low air moisture was studied at a fixed temperature of 115 °C. Both experiments had process times of between 10 min and 3 h. The Reference method was traditional pasteurization at 90 °C for 21 h. Samples were analysed for microbiological, chemical and physical properties. High temperature or high air moisture treatments ensured greater bacterial elimination, formation of covalently bound protein polymers and increased surface hydrophobicity. The nature of polymer bonds is suggested to be Schiff's bases, which increase correspondingly. The powder colour became darker and more yellow at high temperature for 3 h and particle size increased.
Cross‐regulation among disparate antibiotic biosynthetic pathways of Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Huang Jianqiang , Shi Jing , Molle Virginie , Sohlberg Björn , Weaver David , Bibb Maureen J. , Karoonuthaisiri Nitsara , Lih Chih‐Jian , Kao Camilla M. , Buttner Mark J. , Cohen Stanley N. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryA complex programme of regulation governs gene expression during development of the morphologically and biochemically complex eubacterial genus Streptomyces. Earlier work has suggested a model in which ‘higher level’ pleiotropic regulators activate ‘pathway‐specific’ regulators located within chromosomal gene clusters encoding biosynthesis of individual antibiotics. We used mutational analysis and adventitious overexpression of key Streptomyces coelicolor regulators to investigate functional interactions among them. We report here that cluster‐situated regulators (CSRs) thought to be pathway‐specific can also control other antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters, and thus have pleiotropic actions. Surprisingly, we also find that CSRs exhibit growth‐phase‐dependent control over afsR2/afsS, a ‘higher level’ pleiotropic regulatory locus not located within any of the chromosomal gene clusters it targets, and further demonstrate that cross‐regulation by CSRs is modulated globally and differentially during the S. coelicolor growth cycle by the RNaseIII homologue AbsB. Our results, which reveal a network of functional interactions among regulators that govern production of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites in S. coelicolor, suggest that revision of the currently prevalent view of higher‐level versus pathway‐specific regulation of secondary metabolism in Streptomyces species is warranted.
Ethical issues in the relationships with industry: An ongoing challenge. New Guidelines open for public comment
Authors: Komesaroff PA 
Published: November 2005

Abstract:  Interactions between medical practitioners and industry have a profound impact on medical decision‐making. It is important to establish clear guidelines to ensure that the values of clinical care, the welfare of society and science prevail over commercial imperatives and monetary values, The Royal Australasian Collage of Physicians has revised its Guidelines for the relationships involving medical practitioners and industry to provide practical assistance to health care professionals in the understanding and management of thier interactions with industry. The Guidelines are advisory but provide argument and references to support their conclusions. They outline a practical approach to the management of dualities and conflicts of interests. Among other things, they recommend that gifts should be rejected, including those of small value and etertainment expenses. They argue that industry sponsorship to attend meetings should be restricted to cases where formal contributions are being made, that drug samples should not be accepted from pharmaceutical representatives and that endorsements of specific products and “advertorials” should be avoided. They propose that clinicians should not actively recruit their own patients into studies in which they are investigators and that it should be a condition of agreement to participate by researchers and approval by ethics committees that there is a commitment to make publicly available all results potentially relevant to clinical practice. The Guidelines are intended to reflect changing community attitudes and will continue to be revised frome time to time.