bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A follow‐up study on 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa uptake in early Parkinson's disease shows nonlinear progression in the putamen
Authors: Brück Anna , Aalto Sargo , Rauhala Elina , Bergman Jörgen , Marttila Reijo , Rinne Juha O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSixteen subjects with de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) underwent three 6‐[18F]fluoro‐L‐dopa (Fdopa) positron emission tomography (PET) scans during a follow‐up time of 5 years (mean ± SD 5.5 ± 0.4 years) to study the progression of striatal dopaminergic hypofunction. Throughout the study, the smallest Fdopa uptake values were found in the dorso‐caudal part of the putamen contralateral to the side with dominant motor symptoms. The rate of decline in Fdopa uptake in the contralateral putamen was faster in the beginning of the disease and slowed down as the disease progressed. The annual decline in Fdopa influx constant (Ki, unit × 10−3 min−1) was on average 0.5 during the first 2 years and 0.2 during the subsequent 3 years (P = 0.002) in the contralateral putamen. In caudate, the rate of decline in Fdopa values was slower than in the putamen and did not change significantly during the follow‐up time, annual decline in the contralateral caudate being 0.1 between baseline and 2 years and 0.3 between 2 and 5 years (P = 0.4). These results suggest that progression of putaminal dopaminergic hypofuncion in PD follows a nonlinear pattern at least in the contralateral side being faster in the beginning of the disease. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Localized delivery of growth factors for periodontal tissue regeneration: Role, strategies, and perspectives
Authors: Chen Fa‐Ming , Shelton Richard M. , Jin Yan , Chapple Iain L.C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDifficulties associated with achieving predictable periodontal regeneration, means that novel techniques need to be developed in order to regenerate the extensive soft and hard tissue destruction that results from periodontitis. Localized delivery of growth factors to the periodontium is an emerging and versatile therapeutic approach, with the potential to become a powerful tool in future regenerative periodontal therapy. Optimized delivery regimes and well‐defined release kinetics appear to be logical prerequisites for safe and efficacious clinical application of growth factors and to avoid unwanted side effects and toxicity. While adequate concentrations of growth factor(s) need to be appropriately localized, delivery vehicles are also expected to possess properties such as protein protection, precision in controlled release, biocompatibility and biodegradability, self‐regulated therapeutic activity, potential for multiple delivery, and good cell/tissue penetration. Here, current knowledge, recent advances, and future possibilities of growth factor delivery strategies are outlined for periodontal regeneration. First, the role of those growth factors that have been implicated in the periodontal healing/regeneration process, general requirements for their delivery, and the different material types available are described. A detailed discussion follows of current strategies for the selection of devices for localized growth factor delivery, with particular emphasis placed upon their advantages and disadvantages and future prospects for ongoing studies in reconstructing the tooth supporting apparatus. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 3, 472‐513, 2009
Repetitive stretch suppresses denervation‐induced atrophy of soleus muscle in rats
Authors: Agata Nobuhide , Sasai Nobuaki , Inoue‐Miyazu Masumi , Kawakami Keisuke , Hayakawa Kimihide , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Sokabe Masahiro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine whether stretch‐related mechanical loading on skeletal muscle can suppress denervation‐induced muscle atrophy, and if so, to depict the underlying molecular mechanism. Denervated rat soleus muscle was repetitively stretched (every 5 s for 15 min/day) for 2 weeks. Histochemical analysis showed that the cross‐sectional area of denervated soleus muscle fibers with repetitive stretching was significantly larger than that of control denervated muscle (P < 0.05). We then examined the involvement of the Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) cascade in the suppressive effects of repetitive stretching on muscle atrophy. Repetitive stretching significantly increased the Akt, p70S6K, and 4E‐BP1 phosphorylation in denervated soleus muscle compared to controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, repetitive stretching‐induced suppression of muscle atrophy was fully inhibited by rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of mTOR. These results indicate that denervation‐induced muscle atrophy is significantly suppressed by stretch‐related mechanical loading of the muscle through upregulation of the Akt/mTOR signal pathway. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Fully intact contact heat evoked potentials in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Xu Ying‐Sheng , Zhang Jun , Zheng Ju‐Yang , Zhang Shuo , Kang De‐Xuan , Fan Dong‐Sheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is typically considered to be a disease of motor, not sensory, neurons. However, reports exist of sensory system involvement in ALS. In this study we aimed to study the characteristic of contact heat‐evoked potentials (CHEPs) in patients with ALS and to evaluate the nociceptive pathway in these patients. Sixty patients with ALS and 60 controls had pain elicited by a CHEP stimulator with an accelerated velocity of 70°C/s. Thermal stimuli were sent at 54.5°C to three body sites: the dorsum of the hand, the proximal volar forearm, and the skin near C7. CHEPs were recorded from Cz and Pz. The onset negative peak latencies were 561.2 ± 28.6 ms, 540.1 ± 39.2 ms, and 502.4 ± 26.2 ms when the dorsum of the hand, the proximal volar forearm, and skin near C7 were stimulated, respectively. There were no significant differences between the ALS patients and the controls with CHEP (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that the nociceptive pathway is intact and support the idea that small fibers and their sensory pathway are spared in ALS. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Botulinum toxin‐induced paralysis leads to slower myosin heavy chain isoform composition and reduced titin content in juvenile rat gastrocnemius muscle
Authors: Legerlotz Kirsten , Matthews Kenneth G. , McMahon Christopher D. , Smith Heather K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIntramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (Btx‐A) and exercise are used in the treatment of muscle spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. However, little is known about the biological changes within muscle subsequent to Btx‐A‐induced paralysis and how the combination of Btx‐A and exercise might affect the growing muscle. The wet mass, myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition, and titin content of the juvenile rat gastrocnemius muscle were determined 3 weeks after Btx‐A injections and subsequent voluntary wheel‐running exercise. Btx‐A increased the proportion of type IIa (+121%) and IIx (+65%) MHC while decreasing the proportion of type IIb MHC (−51%) and reducing the titin content (−18%). Exercise did not amplify or reduce the changes induced by Btx‐A. Thus, we conclude that although the sarcomeric stability of paralyzed muscle might be impaired, moderate mechanical loading does not seem to affect paralyzed muscle protein composition. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Differential effects of plantar cutaneous afferent excitation on soleus stretch and H‐reflex
Authors: Sayenko Dimitry G. , Vette Albert H. , Obata Hiroki , Alekhina Maria I. , Akai Masami , Nakazawa Kimitaka 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that plantar cutaneous afferents can adjust motoneuron excitability, which may contribute significantly to the control of human posture and locomotion. However, the role of plantar cutaneous afferents in modulating the excitability of stretch and H‐reflex with respect to the location of their excitation remains unclear. In the present study, it was hypothesized that electrical stimulation delivered to the sole of the foot might be followed by modulation of spinal excitability that depends on: (1) the stimulation location and (2) the reflex studied. In these experiments, conditioned and unconditioned stretch and H‐reflexes were evoked in 16 healthy subjects in a seated position. Both reflexes were conditioned by non‐noxious electrical plantar cutaneous afferent stimulation at two different sites, the heel and metatarsal regions, at four different conditioning–test (CT) intervals. The conditioning stimulation delivered to the heel caused a significant facilitation of the soleus stretch reflex for all CT intervals, whereas the soleus H‐reflex had significant facilitation only at CT interval of 50 ms and significant inhibition at longer CT intervals. Stimulation delivered to the metatarsal region, however, resulted mainly in reduced stretch and H‐reflex sizes. This study extends the reported findings on the contribution of plantar cutaneous afferents within spinal interneuron reflex circuits as a function of their location and the reflex studied. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Effect of newly proposed CK reference limits on neuromuscular diagnosis
Authors: Nardin Rachel A. , Zarrin Amy R. , Horowitz Gary L. , Tarulli Andrew W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe objective was to determine the effect of a proposed increase in the upper reference limits of serum creatine kinase (CK) on neuromuscular disease diagnosis. This was a retrospective study of 94 Caucasian subjects (49 women and 45 men) in whom a neuromuscular physician ordered a CK as part of their evaluation. The patients were divided into two groups: those with diagnoses that either should or could elevate serum CK, and those with diagnoses that should not elevate serum CK. Sensitivities and specificities of the manufacturer's and the newly proposed upper reference limits were determined. For women, raising the upper reference limit of CK from 140 IU/L to 201 IU/L reduced the sensitivity of the test from 50% to 29%, while increasing the specificity from 67% to 80%. For men, raising the upper reference limit of CK from 174 IU/L to 322 IU/L reduced the sensitivity from 80% to 60%, while increasing the specificity from 63% to 80%. The newly proposed upper reference limits resulted in a false‐negative CK of clinical significance in 7 of 94 subjects. Increasing the upper reference limit for CK reduced the sensitivity and increased the specificity of serum CK for neuromuscular disease diagnosis. Such a change will reduce unnecessary referrals and invasive diagnostic testing in patients with asymptomatic CK elevations. The clinical impact of the loss in sensitivity is small. If these new upper reference limits are adopted, neuromuscular physicians should be aware that a normal CK level does not exclude a diagnosis of myopathy. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Frequency of radiculopathies in motor vehicle accidents
Authors: Braddom Randall L. , Spitz Lawrence , Rivner Michael H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis retrospective study compared the frequency of electrodiagnostically confirmed cervical and lumbar radiculopathies in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) population to that of a non‐MVA population in 24,651 consecutive initial electrodiagnostic reports. The frequency of cervical radiculopathy was slightly but significantly increased in 8% of the MVA compared to 6% of the non‐MVA patients. The frequency of plexopathy was significantly increased in the MVA (3%) compared to the non‐MVA patients (2%). The frequency of lumbar radiculopathy was not significantly increased (12% for both groups). Nineteen percent of the MVA patients and 18% of the non‐MVA patients had cervical and/or lumbar radiculopathy. This shows that the frequency of cervical and lumbar radiculopathies is low after MVAs. MVA appears to cause a small but significant increase in the frequency of cervical radiculopathy and plexopathy. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Außergewöhnliche Donoren und synthetische Vielfalt: Guanidine
Authors: Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIhr biomimetisches Design, ihre guten Donoreigenschaften und ihre flexiblen Syntheseprotokolle eröffnen der Ligandenklasse der Guanidine viele Perspektiven in der Koordinationschemie — etwa bei der Aktivierung kleiner Moleküle durch Übergangsmetall‐Guanidin‐Komplexe.
Ein bärenstarkes Heilmittel
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDie Gallensäure Ursodeoxycholsäure zeigt sich als potenzielles Mittel gegen bisher unheilbare Krankheiten wie Parkinson, Alzheimer und Chorea Huntington. In Form von Bärengalle ist sie in der traditionellen chinesischen Medizin weit verbreitet — sehr zum Schaden der Bären, die unter tierquälerischen Bedingungen gehalten werden. Dabei hat die Chemie längst einen Weg gefunden, die Verbindung zu synthetisieren und in Tabletten zu pressen.
SVHC — besonders besorgniserregende Stoffe
Authors: Grasemann Franka 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDie Europäische Kommission hat Stoffe benannt, die wegen ihrer Gefährlichkeit zu ersetzen sind, und Hersteller sowie Importeure suchen nach Alternativstoffen. Die von der Kommission verfügte ”Pflicht zur Weitergabe von Informationen“ fordert jeden Anwender in der Lieferkette.
Bausteine für Quantencomputer
Authors: van Slageren Joris , Schlegel Christoph , Dressel Martin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn mehreren molekularen Magneten wurde in jüngster Zeit Quantenkohärenz nachgewiesen. Damit sind diese Moleküle vielversprechende Kandidaten für einen Quantencomputer. Zudem werden sie nun intensiv für ein grundlegendes Verständnis der Quantenmechanik genutzt.
Hochdynamische Prozesse im Röntgenblick
Authors: Hampel Uwe , Fischer Frank 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEin ultraschneller Elektronenstrahl‐Tomograph visualisiert strömende Stoffgemische berührungsfrei mit Bildraten von bis zu 7000 Bildern pro Sekunde und einer räumlichen Auflösung von einem Millimeter. Das Gerät kann so Prozesse in Blasensäulenreaktoren sichtbar machen.
Nucleinsäuren mit metallvermittelten Basenpaaren
Authors: Müller Jens 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNucleinsäuren, die Träger der Erbinformation, haben sich mittlerweile als Bausteine für die Nanotechnik etabliert. Mit künstlichen, metallvermittelten Basenpaaren ist es möglich, diese Bausteine mit zusätzlichen Funktionalitäten zu versehen.
Uniaxiale Dehnung
Authors: Plog Jan Philip 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWie eine viskoelastische Flüssigkeit auf Spannungen durch ein Dehnfeld — im Produktionsprozess oder in Anwendungen — reagiert, lässt sich über die Dehnrheolgie bestimmen. Inzwischen ist dies auch für niedrigviskose Flüssigkeiten möglich.
”Wir sind keine Hasardeure“
Authors: Riemann Achim , Haug Peter , Guiggolz Ernst 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInvestoren haben eine Strategie für übernommene Unternehmen. Sie zerschneiden, kombinieren, restrukturieren, integrieren oder verkaufen. Dabei spielt die Branche kaum eine Rolle. Hauptsache: Es geht schnell und profitabel. Mit Geduld, realistischen Gewinnerwartungen und fachlicher Kompetenz dagegen arbeiten die International Chemical Investors. Über ihr Geschäftsmodell sprachen die Nachrichten aus der Chemie mit den Chemikern Achim Riemann und Peter Haug .
”Weniger im Büro als vor Ort“
Authors: Guggolz Ernst , Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAchim Riemann, Geschäftsführer, und Peter Haug, Investmentmanager, kaufen für die International Chemical Investors Group Chemieunternehmen und versuchen, diese langfristig erfolgreich zu machen. Zur Gruppe gehören zur Zeit 14 Unternehmen. Die beiden promovierten Chemiker berichten den Nachrichten aus der Chemie, wie sie zur Investmentbranche kamen und was sie dort heute tun.
Trends in einer Hochleistungsindustrie
Authors: Hübel Marcus , Müller Henning 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInmitten von Ölpreisschwankungen und Marktturbulenzen infolge der Finanzkrise bestimmte die Raffinerieindustrie auf dem Accenture Roundtable in Berlin Strategien für die Zukunft. Dabei diskutierten die Teilnehmer knappe Kapazitäten und die Nachfrageverlagerung von Benzin zu Diesel ebenso wie Emissionsauflagen, ein größeres Biokraftstoffangebot und alternative Energiequellen.
Die neue Vielseitigkeit von Boronsäuren
Authors: Graening Timm 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEinen großen Stellenwert in der Synthesechemie haben Boronsäuren — unter anderem dadurch, dass sie Ausgangsmaterialien der palladiumkatalysierten Suzuki‐Miyaura‐Reaktion sind. Diese Umsetzung hat sich zu einer der wichtigsten Kreuzkupplungsmethoden in der akademischen Forschung und der industriellen Synthese von Spezialchemikalien entwickelt.
Chinesisch‐Deutsches Symposium ”Frontiers of Chemistry“
Authors: Cabrele Chiara , Kickelbick Guido , Parak Wolfgang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDie Chinesische Chemische Gesellschaft und die Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemikerorganisierten das zweite Symposium ”Frontiers of Chemistry“ vom 5. bis 11. Oktober 2008 in China.
Hochtemperaturchromatographie von Polymeren
Authors: Brüll Robert , Albrecht Andreas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDie Zusammensetzungsverteilung einer Polymerprobe lässt sich mit der Wechselwirkungschromatographie oder auch Liquid Adsorption Chromatography, LAC, ermitteln. Neue Methoden erweitern die Anwendbarkeit der LAC auf Temperaturen oberhalb von 100 °C und eignen sich daher für teilkristalline Polyolefine.
Prevalence and mechanism of bladder dysfunction in Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Kuwabara Satoshi , Mori Masahiro , Ito Takashi , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Awa Yusuke , Yamaguchi Chiharu , Yuki Nobuhiro , Vernino Steven , Kishi Masahiko , Shirai Kohji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimTo examine the prevalence and mechanism of urinary dysfunction in GBS.MethodsUrinary symptoms were observed and neurological examinations made repeatedly during hospitalization of 65 consecutive patients with clinico‐neurophysiologically definite GBS. The patients included 41 men, 24 women; mean age, 41 years old; mean Hughes motor grade, 3; AIDP, 28, AMAN, 37. Urodynamic studies consisted of uroflowmetry, measurement of post‐micturition residuals, medium‐fill water cystometry, and external anal sphincter electromyography. ResultsUrinary dysfunction was observed in 27.7% of GBS cases (urinary retention, 9.2%). Urinary dysfunction was related to the Hughes motor grade (P < 0.05), defecatory dysfunction (P < 0.05), age (P < 0.05), and negatively related to serum IgG class anti‐ganglioside antibody GalNAc‐GD1a (P < 0.05). Urinary dysfunction was more common in AIDP (39%) than in AMAN (19%). No association was found between antibody titer against neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and urinary dysfunction. Urodynamic studies in nine patients, mostly performed within 8 weeks after disease onset, revealed post‐void residual in 3 (mean 195 ml), among those who were able to urinate; decreased bladder sensation in 1; detrusor overactivity in 8; low compliance in 1; underactive detrusor in 7 (both overactive and underactive detrusor in 5); and nonrelaxing sphincter in 2.ConclusionIn our series of GBS cases, 27.7% of the patients had urinary dysfunction, including urinary retention in 9.2%. Underactive detrusor, overactive detrusor, and to a lesser extent, hyperactive sphincter are the major urodynamic abnormalities. The underlying mechanisms of urinary dysfunction appear to involve both hypo‐ and hyperactive lumbosacral nerves. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:432–437, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gating of the micturition reflex by tonic activation of bladder cold receptors in the cat
Authors: Jiang Chong‐He , Mazières Leonor , Lindström Sivert 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsTo determine whether C afferents can modify the gating of the Aδ micturition reflex in order to identify the neuronal site of interaction of the two afferent systems.MethodsAdult female cats, anaesthetized with α‐chloralose, had their bladder and urethra catherized through a slit in the proximal urethra. Micturition threshold volume was assessed by cystometry and bladder efferent activity recorded simultaneously. The bladder was filled at a slow rate (1.2–3.5 ml/min) with either body‐warm saline (control) or menthol solution (0.06 mM) or by cold saline (4°C). ResultsOf 14 trial sessions in 5 animals, the threshold volume of the Aδ micturition reflex was consistently reduced by menthol infusions from a control median (md) value of 16.8 to 10.2 ml (P < 0.01). The threshold pressure was also somewhat decreased from md 0.7 to 0.5 kPa (P < 0.05), while the peak pressure or pressure slope did no differ in two situations. Similar results were obtained with slow cold infusions into the bladder (nine sessions in three animals). The threshold volume decreased from md 19.8 to 17.4 ml (P < 0.05). The bladder reflex response to slow menthol or cold infusions had the typical features of an Aδ micturition reflex in that the efferent activity was largely abolished by the bladder Aδ mechanoreceptor unloading.ConclusionsGradual tonic activation of bladder cold receptors lowers the threshold volume of the ordinary Aδ micturition, pointing to a segmental spinal mechanism for the gating of the micturition reflex. Neurourol. Urodyn. 28:555–560, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nocturnal polyuria and nocturnal arginine vasopressin (AVP): A key factor in the pathophysiology of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis
Authors: AbdelFatah Diaa , Shaker Hassan , Ismail Mahmoud , Ezzat Mahmoud 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsTo identify the relationship between nocturnal AVP deficiency, nocturnal polyuria (NP), and low urinary osmolality in children suffering of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NE).Patients and methodsThe study included 50 children (28 males and 22 females) with primary monosymptomatic NE and 30 non enuretic children of the same age group (controls). Night samples of blood and urine were obtained for AVP, blood osmolality, and urine osmolality. In addition, volume frequency charts, arousal threshold, and urodynamics were performed for these children.ResultsTwenty eight (56%) of the enuretic children were considered to have NP. Mean AVP level was 44.80 ± 8.19 and 32.49 ± 18.25 pg/ml while mean urine osmolality was 865.07 ± l58.66 mOsm/kg and 700.06 ± 84.42 mOsm/kg in controls and enuretic group respectively. These differences were highly significant. No significant difference was found between the controls and enuretics without NP. On the other hand, nocturnal AVP and urine osmolality were significantly lower in enuretics with NP when compared to both controls and enuretics without NP. Blood osmolality did not reach statistically significant difference between subgroups. Arousal threshold was significantly higher in enuretic children irrespective to NP. The timing for NE episodes were predominantly late in the night in NE children without NP while patients suffering of NE with NP typically experienced multiple incidents each night.ConclusionWe have shown that low nocturnal AVP and urine osmolality may play a role in the pathophysiology of enuretics with NP. This abnormality doesn't occur as an isolated disease as these children suffer from arousal defect as well. Neurourol. Urodyn. 28:506–509, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.