bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of antibody to p42 of HTLV‐1 among ATLL patients in comparison with healthy carriers in Japan
Authors: Yokota Tsutomu , Cho Min‐Ji , Tachibana Nobuyoshi , McLane Mary Fran , Takatsuki Kiyoshi , Lee Tun‐Hou , Mueller Nancy , Essex Max 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA gene product (p42) of the long open reading frame, now termed tax, of the viral genome of human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) may be related to the transformation of T cells in adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma (ATLL). To evaluate its association with the disease, we compared the prevalence of antibody to p42 in sera obtained from 105 HTLV‐1 carriers and 64 ATLL patients from southwest Japan. The prevalence of the anti‐p42 antibody reactivity was 63% among carriers and 31% among cases. The cases were more than 3 times as likely to lack antibody to p42 than carriers, the relative odds (OR) = 3.4, p = 0.001. When the samples were tested for antibody against p24, the most immunogenic core protein, the prevalence was somewhat higher among carriers (65%) than in cases (52%), but not significantly so (p = 0.15). Among the healthy carriers, the correlation between the prevalence of both antibodies was high (p = 0.001), and only 25% of those who had antibody to p24 lacked antibody to p42. However, among the cases, reactivity to both antigens was independent (p = 0.52), and 65% of those with antibody to p24 lacked antibody to p42, OR = 6.3, p = 0.0004. Thus the strongest serologic marker of ATLL following diagnosis was lack of reactivity to p42, particularly among those subjects with anti‐p24. Whether this altered response is present prior to disease remains to be determined.
Cancer among 1,348 offspring of survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Hawkins M. M. , Draper G. J. , Smith R. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of cancer among the 1,348 offspring of 2,441 survivors of childhood cancer, treated before 1978, was investigated. Information was obtained through a questionnaire sent to the general practitioners of these survivors. Twenty‐three of 52 offspring born to survivors of heritable retinoblastoma developed retinoblastoma; the heritable form of retinoblastoma is known to be transmitted to offspring as an autosomal dominant. None of the 94 offspring born to the 54 survivors of unilateral retinoblastoma with no family history of the disease have developed the disease. This implies that it is unlikely that more than 9% of survivors of unilateral retinoblastoma with no family history have the germ‐cell mutation; consequently it is unlikely that more than 4% of their offspring will be affected. Among the 1,199 offspring born to 629 survivors of other childhood malignant disease, who produced children, one acute monocytic leukaemia and one acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were observed. This is more than expected on the basis of the general population (one‐tailed p = 0.04). However, the types of cancer observed in these 2 offspring and their parents conform to a previously described familial aggregation of cancers. Only a small number of children were born to survivors who received therapy that was potentially germ‐cell mutagenic, and thus it is not possible to make any accurate estimation of their risk of malignant disease.
Cancer among New York men at risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Biggar Robert J. , Burnett William , Mikl Jaromir , Nasca Philip 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the United States, New York City has had the greatest number of subjects at risk of AIDS for the longest period of time. This population therefore serves as an indicator of changes in cancer risk which may emerge among persons at risk from AIDS. Using a proportional incidence method, we surveyed cancers occurring among single (a surrogate for homosexual) young men and married young men in Manhattan, the rest of New York City, and the remainder of New York State. The baseline period was established earlier to be 1973–76, during which time no cases of Kaposi's sarcoma were observed among single men in Manhattan. By 1985, the frequency of Kaposi's sarcoma in this group was increased 1,850‐fold (compared with expected cases derived from other registries). In the same group, the increase of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was 6.2‐fold (p for trend <0.0001), with excesses of Burkitt's lymphoma and immunoblastic lymphoma being most noticeable. Diagnoses of Hodgkin's disease increased markedly in 1985 but not earlier. Since this pattern did not follow that of the AIDS epidemic in this area, we suggest that Hodgkin's disease is not an AIDS‐associated tumor. Hepatoma was diagnosed more frequently in single young men during the 1980s but similar increases also were observed in married men and thus may be unrelated to AIDS. Thus, only Kaposi's sarcoma and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma appear to be AIDS‐associated tumors, at least so far. With better treatment and longer survival, it remains possible that other tumors will emerge as part of the AIDS epidemic.
Colorectal cancer and diet in an asian population—A case‐control study among Singapore Chinese
Authors: Lee H. P. , Gourley L. , Duffy S. W. , Estève J. , Lee J. , Day N. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA hospital‐based case‐control study of diet and colorectal cancer was conducted among Chinese in Singapore (who constitute 77% of the population). A total of 203 cases and 425 controls were included. A history of the usual dietary intake one year prior to interview was taken using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Daily intakes of nutrients and selected food items were computed and stratified by tertiles of the control range, to assess risk in low‐, medium‐ and high‐intake categories. Effects were adjusted in analysis for age, sex, Chinese dialect group and occupation. For cancers of colon and rectum combined, significant observations were a protective effect of high cruciferous vegetable intake (OR = 0.50, p < 0.01) and a predisposing effect of a high meat/vegetable consumption ratio (OR = 1.77, p < 0.05). Similar results were observed for colon cancer alone. For rectal cancer alone (only 71 cases), significant (p < 0.05) protective effects were observed for high intakes of protein (OR = 0.61), fibre (OR = 0.46), beta‐carotene (OR = 0.54), cruciferous vegetables (OR = 0.51) and total vegetables (OR = 0.51). When further assessed by multiple logistic regression, tests for trend and assessment of risk in the extreme highest and lowest quintiles of the control range, the factors consistently significant were cruciferous vegetable intake and the meat/vegetable ratio. A particularly high relative risk was also noted in association with low coffee consumption (OR = 1.59, with p < 0.05 for trend). No consistent trends were noted for fat or fibre intakes. For non‐dietary variables investigated, a history of cholecystectomy increased the risk of both cancers combined (OR = 3.43, p < 0.05) and colon cancer alone (OR = 4.39, p < 0.01). This study in an Asian population of countries of Southern and Eastern Asia newly undergoing industrialization and in which rapid economic change is reflected in changing cancer patterns, suggests that the protective effects of certain dietary constituents, notably the cruciferous vegetables, may be more important than the hitherto stressed carcinogenic potential of fat and protein.
Molecular characteristics and physical state of human papilloma virus DNA change with progressing malignancy: Studies in a patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Authors: Yabe Yoshiro , Tanimura Yoshie , Sakai Akiko , Hitsumoto Takako , Nohara Nozomi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to establish the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in carcinogenesis of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), the presence, the molecular characteristics and the physical state of HPV DNA in a benign lesion, a primary carcinoma and a metastatic carcinoma developing in the same EV patient were studied and compared. Of the 2 HPV DNAs isolated from benign macular lesions, only one (a subtype of HPV 5) was detected in both primary and metastatic tumors. Only one normal species of viral DNA molecule was detected in the benign lesion, whereas most, if not all, viral DNA molecules present in the carcinoma (both primary and metastatic) were aberrant ones. The major viral DNA molecule in the primary carcinoma was a large HPV DNA with duplicated 40% subgenomic segments, and was present as free episomes. The major viral DNA molecule in the metastatic carcinoma was the 40% subgenomic segment itself, lacking the remaining 60% segment of the viral genome, and was integrated within cellular DNA. Thus, HPV DNA was present in tumors at any stage of malignancy, and its molecular characteristics and physical state changed not only with the development but also with the enhancement of malignancy, consistently conserving its defined 40% subgenomic segment as the predominant viral sequences. Our results suggest that HPV 5 may be actually involved in carcinogenesis in EV patients.
The EcoRI rflp of c‐MOS in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, compared to geriatric and non‐Geriatric controls
Authors: Chenevix‐Trench G. , Southall M. , Kidson C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have used Southern blot analysis to type individuals for the presence or absence of a rare EcoRI RFLP at the c‐mos proto‐oncogene locus. This polymorphism has previously been reported to be associated with cancer. Ninety‐eight patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 154 cancer‐free individuals, including 108 geriatric patients with no family history of cancer, were studied. Because 4 geriatric patients (aged 67‐94) were found to have the rare c‐mos allele (A2), and the frequency of this A2 allele was no higher among the lymphoma/leukemia patients than among cancer‐free individuals, it is unlikely that it constitutes a marker for NHL or ALL.
Human papillomavirus infection and anal cancer
Authors: Beckmann Anna Marie , Daling Janet R. , Sherman Karen J. , Maden Christopher , Miller Beth A. , Coates Ralph J. , Kiviat Nancy B. , Myerson David , Weiss Noel S. , Hislop T. Gregory , Beagrie Marjorie , McDougall James K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo study the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with anal cancer, we examined tissue specimens from 126 patients with malignant lesions of the anal skin or mucosa. The patients were enrolled in a population‐based, case‐control study of ano‐rectal cancer which is being conducted in the state of Washington and the Province of British Columbia. Histologic sections from formalin‐fixed, paraffinembedded tissues were tested for the presence of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization with biotin‐labelled HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 and 31 DNA probes. HPV DNA sequences were found in tumor tissues from 24 of the 126 subjects (19.0%). When only squamous neoplasms are considered, 23 of 70 subjects (32.9%) had lesions which contained detectable HPV DNA. One HPV‐positive patient had a cloacogenic carcinoma that contained regions of squamous differentiation and it was in these squamous cells that HPV DNA was localized. Of the 23 squamous lesions that harbored detectable HPV DNA, 8 contained HPV 6, 10 contained HPV 16, I contained HPV 18 and 4 contained an unclassified virus type(s). HPV DNA was found in tissues from 14 patients with carcinoma‐in situ and 10 subjects with invasive carcinoma. These results demonstrate that some malignant tumors of the anus, in both men and women, are associated with HPV infection. We conclude that the anal squamous epithelium is another site where infection with the common genital tract HPVs may carry a risk of malignant transformation.
A core protein epitope of the polymorphic epithelial mucin detected by the monoclonal antibody SM‐3 is selectively exposed in a range of primary carcinomas
Authors: Girling Anne , Bartkova Jirina , Burchell Joy , Gendler Sandra , Gillett Cheryl , Taylor‐Papadimitriou Joyce 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody (MAb) SM‐3, which was raised to chemically deglycosylated milk mucin, reacts with an epitope present on the core protein of this mucin which we have referred to as PEM (polymorphic epithelial mucin). Although this mucin is abundantly expressed by both the lactating breast and breast carcinomas, the antibody SM‐3 shows very little or no reactivity on the former but does react with 92% of breast carcinomas. Furthermore, SM‐3 stains primary carcinomas of the lung, colon and ovary, but on the corresponding normal tissue the epitope is expressed at a much reduced level or not at all. These results indicate that an epitope masked in the normal mucin is exposed in the mucin produced by tumour cells, perhaps due to aberrant glycosylation. An extensive immunohistochemical study of other normal tissues reveals that the majority show only weak focal staining with SM‐3 or none at all, the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney, and sebaceous glands being the only normal tissues studied to show homogeneously positive staining.
Diet and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case‐control study in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Yu Mimi C. , Huang Teng‐Bo , Henderson Brian E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe conducted interviews on 306 histologically confirmed incident cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) occurring in residents of Guangzhou City, China, who were under the age of 50 years, and an equal number of age‐, sex‐, and neighborhood‐matched controls. We also interviewed 110 mothers of patients under age 45 years and 139 mothers of controls who were matched to patients under age 45 years, to obtain information on childhood exposures of study subjects. Exposure to salted fish, whether in adulthood or in childhood, was significantly associated with an increased risk of NPC. The association was strongest for exposure during weaning, and exposures at all other periods were no longer related to NPC risk after adjustment for exposure during weaning. Besides salted fish, childhood exposure to 5 other preserved foods (fermented fish sauce, salted shrimp paste, moldy bean curd, and 2 kinds of preserved plum) was significantly related to NPC, and the effects were independent of salted fish exposure. Finally, cases ingested significantly less fresh vegetables and fruits than controls, especially during early childhood, and the differences were not explained by their differing consumption pattern of salted fish and other preserved foods.
ETN‐1: A new human endometrial carcinoma cell line producing ascites and distant metastases in nude mice
Authors: Kruitwagen R. F. P. M. , Poels L. G. , Willemsen W. N. P. , Croes H. J. E. , Smeets D. F. C. M. , Beck J. L. M. , Hanselaar A. G. J. M. , Ramaekers F. C. S. , Rolland R. , Jap P. H. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA human carcinoma cell line (ETN‐I) has been established from a skin metastasis of a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of endometrial origin. The cell line has been so far maintained for 27 months through 55 passages, growing as a monolayer as well as in 3‐dimensional clusters with a population doubling time of 72 hr. The number of chromosomes per cell varied from 39 to 107 (average number 61.0 ± 19.8), with a modal number of 46–48. Seven clonal marker chromosomes were detected. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a population of pseudo‐tetraploid cells (DNA index 2.1) next to a pseudo‐diploid population (DNA index 1.1). The epithelial character of the cells was confirmed by a positive immunocytochemical reaction using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to different keratins, the epithelial cell markers BW 495/36 and HMFG‐2, as well as by the presence of many junctional complexes. The tumour cells retained a positive reaction with the anti‐ovarian carcinoma OV‐TL 3, OV‐TL 10 and OC 125 MAbs, although the reaction was markedly diminished in comparison with the original tumour. Tumour cells inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice produced well differentiated adenomatous tumour nodules with formation of glandular lumina and basal lamina. Tumour cells injected intraperitoneally produced malignant ascites and regional as well as distant metastases of adenomatous character.
Induction of Epstein‐Barr virus in B‐lymphoblastoid cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1
Authors: Lai Patrick K. , Li Xu , Volsky David J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIndividuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), often show symptoms associated with reactivation of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). In this study, we show that exposure of EBV‐positive B lymphocytes to HIV‐1 in vitro induced the EBV replicative cycle in these cells, as evidenced by an increased proportion of cells expressing EBV early antigens (EA) and capsid antigens (VCA). Reactivation of EBV by HIV‐1 appeared to be virus‐dose‐dependent and required virus penetration and expression in B cells. Although HIV‐1 RNA was detected by in situ hybridization in the majority of HIV‐1‐infected B lymphocytes, induction of EA and VCA was transient and limited to less than 20% of the cell population. The tumor‐promoting phorbol ester 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) and HIV‐1 acted synergistically and had similar kinetics in inducing the expression of EBV. Direct reactivation of EBV by HIV‐1 may contribute to the role of EBV as a factor in the genesis of AIDS‐related conditions.
Cells derived from sporadic and aids‐related Kaposi's sarcoma reveal identical cytochemical and molecular properties in vitro
Authors: Werner Sabine , Hofschneider Peter Hans , Roth Willi Kurt 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have established 40 cell cultures from biopsies of 5 patients with sporadic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and compared them with cell cultures derived from KS biopsies of AIDS patients. Immunocytochemical staining of sporadic KS cells revealed the same endothelial cell markers as those expressed on AIDS‐KS cells, indicating that both types of KS might be of endothelial cell origin. In contrast to clinical features, in vitro growth properties showed no differences. KS cells of both types reveal a low degree of malignancy but can be distinguished from fibroblasts by a higher passage number in low serum concentrations and a more pronounced dependence on platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF). The DNA of 12 cell lines of both types of KS was negative for genomic equivalents of hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and, in the case of AIDS‐KS, for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). No rearrangements or amplifications of several oncogenes, often involved in human tumors, were detected. The expression of these oncogenes by sporadic and AIDS‐KS cells, as analyzed by Northern blotting, was comparable to that of normal dermal fibroblasts from the same patients. Our results indicate that the 2 types of Kaposi's sarcoma possess identical cytochemical and molecular properties. They are probably weakly malignant neoplasms of endothelial cell origin, and paracrine growth stimulation appears to be important for their maintenance and progression.
Microbial flora in the gastrointestinal tract abolishes cytostatic effects of α‐difluoromethylornithine in vivo
Authors: Hessels J. , Kingma A. W. , Ferwerda H. , Keu J. , Van Den Berg G. A. , Muskiet F. A. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough treatment with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor α‐difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) leads to depletion of intracellular polyamines and to related growth inhibition in vitro, its cytostatic effects in vivo are disappointing. This may be due to abolition of DFMO‐induced growth inhibition by polyamines released during normal body cell turnover, to dietary polyamines, or to putrescine synthesized by the microbial flora in the Gl tract. We studied selectively (aerobic) and totally (aerobic + anaerobic) Gl tract‐decontaminated L1210‐bearing mice fed with 3 types of diet differing in their polyamine and carbohydrate residue contents and treated with combinations of intraperitoneal DFMO and oral deuterium‐labelled putrescine. Our data show that, irrespective of diet type, total decontamination markedly potentiates the moderate tumor growth inhibition that is caused by DFMO alone. During total decontamination, growth‐inhibited L1210 cells accumulate in the G0,/G1, phase of the cell cycle. Although orally administered deuterium‐labelled putrescine gave rise to deuterium labelling of L1210 putrescine, spermidine and spermine, the polyamine levels in our diets played only a minor role.
Diet and colorectal cancer with special reference to fiber intake
Authors: Heilbrun Lance K. , Nomura Abraham , Hankin Jean H. , Stemmermann Grant N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this nested case‐control study, 8,006 American Japanese men were examined and interviewed with a dietary questionnaire from 1965 to 1968. After a follow‐up period of over 16 years, 102 colon and 60 rectal cancer incident cases were identified. Dietary data from these patients and from 361 cancer‐free controls were analyzed for intake of dietary fiber (DF), vitamins, minerals, macronutrients, and selected food groups. We found a significant (p= 0.042) negative association of DF and colon cancer risk among low fat intake men (<6I g/d). In this subgroup, the men consuming <7.5 g/d of DF had an adjusted relative risk (RR) for colon cancer of 2.28 (95% CI 0.93‐5.60), compared to those consuming ⩾ 14.8 g/d of DF. We also observed (among the complete group of subjects) a significant (p= 0.011) negative association between vitamin C intake and the risk of colon cancer. Men in the lowest quintile of vitamin C intake (<37 mg/d) had an adjusted colon cancer RR of 1.87 (95% CI 1.03‐3.37), compared to men in the highest quintile (⩾ 160 mg/d). We view these dietary associations with colon cancer risk with caution. There were no other significant associations of dietary variables with colon cancer risk. Also, there were no significant associations between intake levels of DF, micronutrients, or food groups and rectal cancer risk.
Risk factors for cervical cancer in greenland and Denmark: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kjaer Susanne K. , Telsen Chantal , Haugaard Birthe J. , Lynge Elsebeth , Christensen René B. , Møller Knud A. , Jensen Henning , Poll Paul , Vestergaard Bent F. , De Villfers Ethel‐Michele , Jensen Ole M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of cervical cancer in Greenlandic women aged 20‐39 years is nearly 6 times higher than in Danish women of the same age. Possible determinants of cervical cancer incidence were investigated in a population‐based cross‐sectional study. From Nuuk (Greenland) and Nykøbing Falster (Denmark) a sample of 800 women aged 20‐39 years was drawn at random. A total of 586 and 661 women were studied in Greenland and Denmark, respectively. All underwent a personal interview. In Greenland, 13% of the women reported first intercourse before the age of 14 in contrast to 3.5% in Denmark, and nearly 85% of the Greenlanders had their sexual debut before the end of the 16th year of age whereas this applied to only 45% of the Danish women. The prevalence of women with 0‐1 lifetime sexual partner was 20.4% in Denmark, and only 1.7% in Greenland. In contrast, 53.2% of the Greenlandic women reported more than 20 partners and 22.4% more than 40 partners. The corresponding figures for Denmark were 3.6% and 0.3%, respectively. In Greenland the most common contraceptive method was the use of intra‐uterine devices (73.6%), whereas, in Denmark, oral contraceptive use was most frequent (87.9%). Few Greenlanders had ever used “barrier” contraceptives (diaphragm: 1.4%; condom: 18.1%) compared to Denmark (diaphragm: 10.1%; condom: 53.9%). As many as 87.4% were current smokers in Greenland (Denmark: 53.6%) and 5.6% claimed to have never smoked, whereas this applied to 35.3% in Denmark. The indications of a higher sexual activity (multiple partners, early age at first intercourse) in Greenland compared to Denmark are in line with the observed higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases and with the hypothesis that differences in cervical cancer incidence between Greenland and Denmark are determined by aspects of sexual background.