bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond blame: A systemic accident analysis through a neutralized human factors taxonomy
Authors: Stefana Elena , De Paola Emanuele , Snaiderbaur Bono Carlo Simone , Bianchini Francesco , Vagheggi Tommaso , Patriarca Riccardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the usage of a systemic neutralized taxonomy for understanding human factors to foster a restorative culture when studying adverse events. The available studies supporting accident analysis from a system‐theoretic perspective with human factors‐based methods are grounded on error taxonomies and do not reinforce the non‐judgemental dimension that is encouraged by modern safety science. We propose a methodology to integrate the system‐theoretic accident analysis technique, Causal Analysis based on System Theory, with a neutralized taxonomy of human explanatory factors. The proposed methodology has been applied to an aviation accident involving a military aircraft and a glider. This case revealed various critical interactions among system components, which require dedicated safety recommendations that go beyond the identification of single points of failures and root causes, leading to a deeper understanding of socio‐technical orchestrations. Despite the use case in aviation, the proposed methodology remains suitable for various types of safety occurrences in diverse domains and industrial settings. It also represents the basis for supporting future proactive safety‐related decision‐making processes.
The epidemiology and treatment outcomes of COVID‐19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit in an Iranian hospital in Neyshabur city
Authors: Yazdanpanah Farzaneh , Jackson Alun C. , Sanaie Neda , Sharifi Farshad , Shamshirgaran Seyed Morteza , Bahramnezhad Fatemeh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic and the infection of numerous individuals from diverse societies have emerged as major global challenges. Given the limited resources in intensive care units, effective bed management and resource allocation require a deep understanding of the disease. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of COVID‐19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit in an Iranian hospital in Neyshabur city.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on COVID‐19 patients hospitalized in intensive care units in Razavi Khorasan, Iran in 2021. Census sampling was used to include all intensive care units. Of the initial 480 cases, 54 cases were excluded based on the exclusion criteria, leaving 426 cases for the study. Data were collected with the help of a data collection form that was designed by the researcher and its content validity and reliability were measured with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 89%.). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Mean, standard deviation, and interquartile range indicators were used for descriptive statistics, and absolute frequency and relative frequency (percentage) were used to show numbers and ratios.ResultsThe mean (SD) age of the patients was 66.33 (15.05) years, and 49.3% were female. The results showed that arterial blood oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and Alzheimer's disease were significant variables for predicting mortality. Furthermore, arterial blood oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and the need for transfusion of blood products were significant variables in predicting hospitalization and the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that arterial blood oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and Alzheimer's disease are crucial variables for predicting death. Furthermore, arterial blood oxygen saturation and respiratory rate are significant factors in predicting the risk of ARDS.
Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adult population in central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia 2020: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mekonen Haftea Hagos , Gebru Tsegu Hailu , Kiros Kbrom Gemechu , Gebrehiwot Tesfay Gebreslassie , Tesfamichael Yohannes Ashebir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsUndiagnosed hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and complications such as heart attack and stroke. Limited information is available on the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly in the study setting. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors in the central zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.MethodsA community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from April 1 to May 31, 2020. A pretested structured questionnaire was used and both face‐to‐face interview and physical measurement were used to collect the data. Blood pressure was measured on two different days for each study participant, and an average of the measurements were taken. In addition, 736 participants were included in this study, through a systematic random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to show the strength of the association and declare statistical significance at p < 0.05.ResultsIn the study, the mean age of the participants was 51.9 (standard deviation: 17.9) years old. Prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was found 15.4% (N = 113). The factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension were being divorced (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 15.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.2–28.3), alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.22–3.51), not eating fruits (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI: 2.37–7.08), not eating vegetables (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI: 2.02–5.96) and poor knowledge (AOR = 3.05, 95% CI: 2.75–7.83).ConclusionAround one in six study participants had undiagnosed hypertension. Being divorced, drinking alcohol, not eating fruits, not consuming vegetables, and having poor knowledge of hypertension were significant factors. Public health interventions, like providing adequate hypertension health information, frequent screening, and implementation of an appropriate intervention for particular factors, are critical for reducing the burden of undiagnosed hypertension.
Environmental and social impacts of carbon sequestration
Authors: Enríquez-de-Salamanca Álvaro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Climate change requires major mitigation efforts, mainly emission reduction. Carbon sequestration and avoided deforestation are complementary mitigation strategies that can promote nature conservation and local development but may also have undesirable impacts. We reviewed 246 articles citing impacts, risks, or concerns from carbon projects, and 78 others related to this topic. Most of the impacts cited focus on biodiversity, especially in afforestation projects, and on social effects related to avoided deforestation projects. Concerns were raised about project effectiveness, the permanence of carbon stored, and leakage. Recommendations include accounting for uncertainty, assessing both mitigation and contribution to climate change, defining permanence, creating contingency plans, promoting local projects, proposing alternative livelihoods, ensuring a fair distribution of benefits, combining timber production and carbon sequestration, ensuring sustainable development and minimizing leakage. A holistic approach that combines carbon sequestration, nature conservation, and poverty alleviation must be applied. The potential occurrence of negative impacts does not invalidate carbon projects but makes it advisable to conduct proper environmental impact assessments, considering direct and indirect impacts, minimizing the negative effects while maximizing the positive ones, and weighing the trade-offs between them to guide decision-making. Public participation and transparency are essential. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1812–1838. © 2024 SETAC
Key Points
Forestation and avoided deforestation projects, proposed as a complementary climate change mitigation strategy, have numerous positive impacts but may also have unintended effects, as well as concerns related to effectiveness, permanence, and leakage. Impacts on biodiversity and hydrology are frequently cited in afforestation projects, whereas social impacts are cited in relation to avoided deforestation projects. Carbon projects need proper environmental impact assessments, considering direct and indirect impacts, minimizing the negative effects while maximizing the positive ones, and weighing the trade-offs between them to guide decision-making.
Exploring the efficacy of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy on diabetic foot ulcers in rats
Authors: Zhao Zhanjuan , Pang Jinwen , Zhao Di , Guo Ning , Guo Yiman , Kong Feiyan , Yang Huizhong , Zhao Jianxi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe investigate the efficacy of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) and its combination with an antibiotic in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in rats using a novel cationic amino acid porphyrin‐based photosensitizer. The research findings demonstrate that the combination of novel cationic photosensitizer‐mediated PACT and an antibiotic exhibits significant therapeutic efficacy in treating deep ulcers in a rat model of DFUs. Moreover, the PACT + Antibiotic group displays enhanced angiogenesis, improved tissue maturation, and superior wound healing effect. Micro‐computed tomography examination showed that the periosteal reaction was most obvious in the PACT + Antibiotic group. The cortical bone volume ratio (BV/TV), the bone mineral density, and trabecular thickness were significantly higher in the PACT + Antibiotic group than in the model group (p < 0.05). The combination of PACT and antibiotic plays a sensitizing therapeutic role, which provides a new idea for the clinical treatment of DFUs.
SNHG1 knockdown promotes osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs through anti‐oxidative stress mediated by autophagy
Authors: Deng Lidi , Wu Liping , Chen Dongru , Cao Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and is frequently employed as a prognostic biomarker. However, its involvement in the osteogenic differentiation of oral stem cells, particularly human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs), remains unclear. Our investigation revealed that the absence of SNHG1 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs. Furthermore, the downregulation of SNHG1 induces autophagy in hDFSCs, leading to a reduction in intracellular oxidative stress levels. Notably, this effect is orchestrated through the epigenetic regulation of EZH2. Our study unveils a novel function of SNHG1 in governing the osteogenic differentiation of hDFSCs, offering fresh insights for an in‐depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying dental follicle development. These findings not only provide a foundation for advancing the understanding of SNHG1 but also present innovative perspectives for promoting the repair and regeneration of periodontal supporting tissue, ultimately contributing to the restoration of periodontal health and tooth function.
Mortality burden of pre‐treatment weight loss in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bonomi Philip D. , Crawford Jeffrey , Dunne Richard F. , Roeland Eric J. , Smoyer Karen E. , Siddiqui Mohd Kashif , McRae Thomas D. , Rossulek Michelle I. , Revkin James H. , Tarasenko Lisa C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCachexia, with weight loss (WL) as a major component, is highly prevalent in patients with cancer and indicates a poor prognosis. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a meta‐analysis to estimate the risk of mortality associated with cachexia (using established WL criteria prior to treatment initiation) in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in studies identified through a systematic literature review. The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Embase® and PubMed were searched to identify articles on survival outcomes in adult patients with NSCLC (any stage) and cachexia published in English between 1 January 2016 and 10 October 2021. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full texts of identified records against predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Following a feasibility assessment, a meta‐analysis evaluating the impact of cachexia, defined per the international consensus criteria (ICC), or of pre‐treatment WL ≥ 5% without a specified time interval, on overall survival in patients with NSCLC was conducted using a random‐effects model that included the identified studies as the base case. The impact of heterogeneity was evaluated through sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The standard measures of statistical heterogeneity were calculated. Of the 40 NSCLC publications identified in the review, 20 studies that used the ICC for cachexia or reported WL ≥ 5% and that performed multivariate analyses with hazard ratios (HRs) or Kaplan–Meier curves were included in the feasibility assessment. Of these, 16 studies (80%; n = 6225 patients; published 2016–2021) met the criteria for inclusion in the meta‐analysis: 11 studies (69%) used the ICC and 5 studies (31%) used WL ≥ 5%. Combined criteria (ICC plus WL ≥ 5%) were associated with an 82% higher mortality risk versus no cachexia or WL < 5% (pooled HR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.82 [1.47, 2.25]). Although statistical heterogeneity was high (I2 = 88%), individual study HRs were directionally aligned with the pooled estimate, and there was considerable overlap in CIs across included studies. A subgroup analysis of studies using the ICC (HR [95% CI]: 2.26 [1.80, 2.83]) or WL ≥ 5% (HR [95% CI]: 1.28 [1.12, 1.46]) showed consistent findings. Assessments of methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity indicated that the meta‐analysis was robust. Overall, this analysis found that ICC‐defined cachexia or WL ≥ 5% was associated with inferior survival in patients with NSCLC. Routine assessment of both weight and weight changes in the oncology clinic may help identify patients with NSCLC at risk for worse survival, better inform clinical decision‐making and assess eligibility for cachexia clinical trials.
The two‐spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender identity curriculum in Canadian Dental Schools: What are the gaps and proposed next steps?
Authors: Jessani Abbas , Peter Nedra , Hernandez‐Viovy Nicole 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate gaps in the delivery of two‐spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual and gender identity (2SLGBTQ+) curricula and identify curricular challenges within Canadian dental schools.MethodsA 21‐item closed‐ended questionnaire was distributed to curriculum experts across 10 dental schools in Canada. The survey questions were organized into three sections: institution characteristics, current 2SLGBTQ+ content and delivery, and opinions on the improvement of the 2SLGBTQ+ curriculum. Microsoft Excel (2020) was used to perform a descriptive analysis of the survey responses.ResultsNine dental schools participated in the survey. All participating schools reported the offering of undergraduate, graduate, and degree completion programs. The most reported methods of teaching 2SLGBTQ+ content were ‘lecture‐based teaching’ (n = 5), ‘small‐group teaching’ (n = 4), and ‘case‐based discussions’ (n = 4). The most common topics taught were ‘gender identity’ (n = 7) and ‘2SLGBTQ+ discrimination in healthcare care settings’ (n = 7). The topics of ‘sex reassignment surgery,’ ‘alcohol, tobacco, or other substance use by 2SLGBTQ+ people,’ ‘2SLGBTQ+ pediatric and adolescent oral health issues,’ ‘coming out,’ and ‘sex reassignment surgery’ were not included or were unknown by the majority of dental schools (n = 8). Overall, participants were unsatisfied with the level of 2SLGBTQ+‐specific content covered at their institution and reported a ‘lack of space within the curriculum and time constraints’ as a barrier to implementation (n = 8).ConclusionCommunity‐based research is needed to identify the unmet oral health needs of the 2SLGBTQ+ population, which can be translated into the development of a risk‐based oral health curriculum within Canada and beyond.
Unveiling the micronutrient‐immunity puzzle in inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination: A comprehensive analysis of circulating micronutrient levels and humoral responses in healthy adults
Authors: Meng Huicui , Wang Yin , Zhai Yanmei , Luo Wanyu , Wang Yuanyuan , Hu Yunqi , Liu Sizhe , Xiao Weimin , Yang Guowu , Ye Feng , Chen Shifeng , Jie Yusheng , Chen Yao‐Qing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile micronutrients are crucial for immune function, their impact on humoral responses to inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination remains unclear. We investigated the associations between seven key micronutrients and antibody responses in 44 healthy adults with two doses of an inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine. Blood samples were collected pre‐vaccination and 28 days post‐booster. We measured circulating minerals (iron, zinc, copper, and selenium) and vitamins (A, D, and E) concentrations alongside antibody responses and assessed their associations using linear regression analyses. Our analysis revealed inverse associations between blood iron and zinc concentrations and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM antibody binding affinity (AUC for iron: β = −258.21, p < 0.0001; zinc: β = −17.25, p = 0.0004). Notably, antibody quality presented complex relationships. Blood selenium was positively associated (β = 18.61, p = 0.0030), while copper/selenium ratio was inversely associated (β = −1.36, p = 0.0055) with the neutralizing ability against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus at a 1:10 plasma dilution. There was no significant association between circulating micronutrient concentrations and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG binding affinity. These findings suggest that circulating iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations and copper/selenium ratio, may serve as potential biomarkers for both quantity (binding affinity) and quality (neutralization) of humoral responses after inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination. Furthermore, they hint at the potential of pre‐vaccination dietary interventions, such as selenium supplementation, to improve vaccine efficacy. However, larger, diverse studies are needed to validate these findings. This research advances the understanding of the impact of micronutrients on vaccine response, offering the potential for personalized vaccination strategies.
State of the Science: Prolonged exposure therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: McLean Carmen P. , Foa Edna B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProlonged exposure therapy (PE) is a well‐established first‐line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is based on emotional processing theory. PE has been rigorously evaluated and tested in a large number of clinical trials in many countries covering a wide range of trauma populations. In this review, we summarize the evidence base supporting the efficacy of PE across populations, including adults with sexual assault–related PTSD and mixed trauma–related PTSD, military populations, and adolescents. We highlight important strengths and gaps in the research on PE with individuals from marginalized communities. We discuss the efficacy of PE on associated psychopathology and in the presence of the most commonly comorbid conditions, either alone or integrated with other treatments. In addition, we provide an overview of research examining strategies to augment PE. Much of this work remains preliminary, but numerous trials have tested PE in combination with other psychological or pharmacological approaches, interventions to facilitate extinction learning, and behavioral approaches, in the hopes of further increasing the efficiency and efficacy of PE. There are now several trials testing PE in novel formats that may have advantages over standard in‐person PE, such as lower dropout and increased scalability. We examine this recent work on new models of delivering PE, including massed treatment, telehealth, and brief adaptations for primary care, all of which have the potential to increase access to PE. Finally, we highlight several promising areas for future research.
Swelling Behaviors of Natural Rubber/Solvent Systems Based on the Extended Modified Double Lattice Model
Authors: Pai Sung Jin , Kang Eung Jun , Ahn Won Min , Kim Jae Sung , Bae Young Chan , Kwon Ji Won , Oh Jeong Seok 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSwelling experiments are conducted on nonfiller natural rubber using four solvents (toluene, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and methylethylketone (MEK)) over temperatures from 10 to 70 °C. Toluene, cyclohexane, and THF, classified as effective solvents, show swelling ratios between 3 and 7, influenced by the crosslink density of the rubber. MEK, however, has a lower ratio of 1.5 to 2. Temperature has a minor impact on swelling compared to the crosslink density. The study evaluates the Extended Modified Double Lattice (EMDL) model for its mixing contribution in polymer network swelling, aiming to improve the Flory–Hüggins (FH) model. The superiority of EMDL above FH is in the boundary condition at the unvulcanized state, the former aligning its interaction energy with values from solvent activities in primary linear polymer/solvent solutions, unlike the FH model. The EMDL model also accounts for oriented interactions in polar solvents through a secondary lattice, linking specific interaction energy with solvent dipole moments. The study observes a nonlinear correlation between crosslinking density and sulfur amount, proposing a nonrandom mixing at lower sulfur concentrations. This model shows strong alignment with experimental data, suggesting that replacing the FH model's mixing contribution with the EMDL model could improve results with minimal additional complexity.
Price discrimination in mobile gacha games: A comprehensive study of the scarcity–pricing, gachaing–user profiling, and recharging–profiting models
Authors: Cao Ran , Zhang Wenxiang , Sun Fangyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrice discrimination (PD) in mobile gacha games differs from that in e‐commerce platforms due to its reliance on the concealed “probability” mechanism, which appears transparent but is actually controlled, making it harder to detect and regulate by society. To confirm the existence of PD in mobile gacha games, a comprehensive analysis of its operational modes was conducted through extensive participatory observation and in‐depth interviews with over 30 domestic gamers, game developers, and data analysis website founders. The study revealed that, contrary to academic definitions, PD does indeed occur in mobile gacha games, characterized by three interconnected models: the scarcity–pricing model, gachaing–user profiling model, and recharging–profiting model. By examining the interrelated models that comprise the PD process, concentrating on China as a special context, and offering insightful information on the effects of PD on consumer behavior and economic platforms, this study makes a noteworthy and novel contribution to the understanding of PD within the realm of mobile gacha games. The research examines the influence of PD on consumer behavior and economic decision‐making processes. Furthermore, the research discusses the difficulties of controlling PD in mobile gacha games, particularly due to the opacity of the “probability” mechanism. In conclusion, recommendations aimed at addressing the issue of PD within the realm of mobile gacha gaming in China are presented, drawing upon Lawrence Lessig's framework on “Four modalities of restraining behavior in cyberspace.”