bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine specificity mapping of two allospecific T cell lines: recognition of private specificities in the H‐2 IA subregion
Authors: Dennert Gunther , Swain Susan L. , Waterfield J. Douglas , Warner John F. , Dutton Richard W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo allospecific T cell lines, C.C3.11.75 (H‐2d anti‐H‐2k) and B6.C.7.76 (H‐2b anti‐H‐2d), established from mixed lymphocyte cultures, were selected by continuous antigenic stimulation over several years. Both cell lines proliferated to alloantigen, provided allohelp to B cells in the humoral antibody response, and one of them showed cytolytic activity. Using spleen cells from various congenic mouse strains, the specificity of antigen recognition was examined in order to examine whether there is a correlation between T cell function and antigen recognition. Results showed that in all functional assays, the same antigenic determinant, a private specificity encoded in IA, was recognized. This shows that there is no obligatory correlation between T cell function and antigen recognition and may suggest that the T cell receptor repertoire is biased towards recognizing private specificities.
Interleukin 2, production in the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction
Authors: Lattime Edmund C. , Gillis Steven , David Chella , Stutman Osias 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, Ly 1 cells proliferate following stimulation with Ia‐positive macrophage‐like cells. The proliferation is accompanied by the release of interleukin 2 into the medium. Both the proliferation and interleukin 2 production are dependent on the expression of Ia antigenic determinants, as the addition of haplotype‐specific anti‐Ia antisera to the cultures inhibits both parameters.
Interferon‐induced enhancement of macrophage‐mediated tumor cytolysis and its difference from activation by lymphokines
Authors: Boraschi Diana , Tagliabue Aldo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse peritoneal macrophages expressed increased cytolytic activity against tumor cells upon in vitro exposure to partially purified L cell interferon (IFN‐β). In contrast, treatment with human IFN or with mock IFN preparations did not enhance macrophage tumoricidal capacity. Macrophage activation by IFN was optimal with long exposure times and high IFN concentrations. Treatment with polymyxin B sulfate did not affect IFN‐induced macrophage cytotoxicity, thus excluding the possibility that bacterial lipopolysaccharide contaminants were responsible for macrophage activation. Conversely, treatment with a highly specific anti‐IFN antiserum completely abolished IFN effect on macrophages, but had no effect on lymphokine‐induced cytolysis. IFN and the lymphokine macrophage‐activating factor (MAF) were compared for their ability to provide the sequence of activation signals to macrophages from the normal responder C3H/HeN mice and from C3H/HeJ mice, which are defective for several macrophage responses. Like MAF, IFN was incapable of inducing tumoricidal activity in C3H/HeJ macrophages. However, whereas MAF provided the first “priming” signal to macrophages of both strains, IFN acted as first signal only for C3H/HeN macrophages, being inactive for cells of the defective C3H/HeJ strain. Fürthermore, IFN was not capable of providing the second “expression” signal to “primed” macrophages.These data suggest two different macrophage activation pathways for IFN and MAF.
Malignant cells isolated from Burkitt's lymphoma but not other forms of leukemia activate the alternative complement pathway in human serum
Authors: McConnell Ian , Klein George , Macanovic Momir , Gorman Neil T. , Raniwalla Joher 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCells isolated directly from primary biopsies of Burkitt's lymphoma were found to activate the alternative complement pathway in hypogammaglobulinemic human serum. In contrast, cells isolated from patients with either acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia did not activate. No defects in the ability of Burkitt's lymphoma sera to support alternative pathway activation were detected.
Partial maturation and light chain restriction of Abelson virus‐transformed B cell precursors
Authors: Boss Michael A. , Greaves Melvyn F. , Teich Natalie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe induction of partial maturation in an in vitro derived Abelson virus‐transformed murine lymphoid cell subline (ABC‐1/AT1) is described. Pre‐B (cytoplasmic, μ chain‐positive) lymphocytes were induced from presumptive B cell precursors by prostaglandin E1, butyric acid, lipopolysaccharide and interferon. Maturation was independent of alterations in cellular growth rate and could be achieved in the absence of cell division.The AT1 subline was found to be restricted to the expression of a single light chain type (lambda) indicating a possible B cell lineage‐committed precursor as the target for viral transformation.
Immune unresponsiveness of spleen cells from lipopolysaccharide‐treated mice to particulate thymus‐dependent antigen I. Evidence for differentiation signal defect
Authors: Portnoï Denis , Motta Iris , Truffa‐Bachi Paolo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cellular basis of the immune unresponsiveness induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was analyzed at the B and T cell level. The immunosuppressive effect of LPS is not related to altered B cell competence. Inhibition of antibody responses was observed only for thymus‐dependent (TD) and not for thymus‐independent antigens. In the presence of T cell‐replacing factor (TRF), LPS‐sensitized B lymphocytes respond to TD antigenic stimulation and differentiate into antibody‐forming cells. Evidence is presented for a decreased helper activity of LPS‐sensitized T lymphocytes and for a defective production of TRF in concanavalin A‐stimulated spleen cells from LPS‐treated mice. The implication of a cell compartment other than T is discussed.
Surface antigens specifically expressed by activated T cells in humans
Authors: Corte Giorgio , Moretta Lorenzo , Damiani Guido , Mingari Maria C. , Bargellesi Antonio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy immunizing BALB/c mice with human T cells derived from a secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and successive fusion of the spleen cells with P3X63Ag8U1 myeloma cells, several monoclonal antibodies to activated T cells were obtained. Four of them (MLR 1‐4) were shown to be specific for activated T cells only, showing no reactivity with peripheral blood cells. The antigens recognized by these antibodies are differently distributed and appear on T cells at different times after stimulation. Thus, MLR 2 stains nearly all the responder T cells present in a secondary MLR, while MLR 1, 3 and 4 stain only a fraction. MLR 2 and 3 are also present on mitogen‐stimulated cells. At least 3 of these MLR antigens may define different sets of activated T cells, and are likely to become useful in monitoring T cell activation also in the course of diseases involving the immune system.
Terminal differentiation of T cells specific for mutant H‐2K antigens. Conversion of Lyt‐1,2 cells into Lyt‐2 but not Lyt‐1 cells, in vitro
Authors: Nagy Zoltan A. , Kusnierczyk Piotr , Klein Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Lyt phenotype of T cells at different stages of response to mutant H‐2K antigens was determined by immunofluorescence using monoclonal rat anti‐Lyt antibodies. Previous observations indicated a differential expression of the two allelic forms of Lyt‐1 antigen on these cells. Since the rat antibodies recognize nonpolymorphic framework determinants of Lyt antigens, in our approach the expression of both Lyt‐1 alleles was analyzed with the same antibody. It was found that cells reacting to three different H‐2K mutants have the Lyt‐1,2 phenotype, regardless of the Lyt‐1 allele carried by the responder strain. The Lyt phenotype of responder cells remained unchanged after priming in vivo. However, cells recovered from cultures after secondary stimulation in vitro were mainly Lyt‐2, with few Lyt‐1,2 and virtually no Lyt‐1 cells present. This change of Lyt phenotype ran in parallel with the loss of proliferative capacity to the priming antigen, but cytolytic activity of the cells remained unimpaired. Long‐term proliferation of T cells induced against mutant H‐2K antigens could only be maintained in the presence of a T cell growth factor. Cultures with growth factor contained almost exclusively Lyt‐2 cells and exerted strong cytolytic activity. These results demonstrate that the Lyt differentiation pathway of anti‐mutant T cells is from Lyt‐1,2 to Lyt‐2. Furthermore, the data suggest that no helper cells are induced in response to mutant H‐2K antigens. A model which incorporates these findings into current concepts of T cell differentiation is discussed.
Cytotoxic T cell response against lymphoblasts infected with Moloney (Abelson) murine leukemia virus. Methodological aspects and H‐2 requirements
Authors: Stukart Marijke J. , Vos Annemieke , Melief Cornelis J. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method for infection of lymphocytes with Moloney(Abelson) murine leukemia virus [M(A)‐MuLV] is described. Only lymphoblasts obtained after stimulation of normal spleen cells by the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were satisfactory targets for virus‐specific, secondary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), whereas spleen cells stimulated by the T cell mitogen concanavalin A were not. The secondary CTL response against M(A)‐MuLV could be efficiently measured using M(A)‐MulV‐infected LPS blasts as stimulating cells for secondary in vitro restimulation and as target cells for virus‐specific destruction. Cold target inhibition demonstrated virus specificity of CTL. The T cell character of the cytotoxic cells was demonstrated by their sensitivity to anti‐Thy‐1.2 treatment. Using syngeneic virus‐infected LPS blasts as target and stimulator, CTL responses were measured with effector cells from C57BL mice of the H‐2b haplotype and of recombinant haplotypes sharing either K or D alleles with H‐2b. In analogy with previous studies on Moloney virus‐specific CTL. it was observed that C57BL/6 (H‐2b) effector cells predominantly lysed Db‐compatible, virus‐infected target cells; B10.A(5R), (KbDd) effector cells showed a poor CTL response against syngeneic, virus‐infected target cells. The combined findings indicate the existence of an Ir gene in the H‐2D region regulating the CTL response against Moloney leukemia virus.
Selected populations of alloreactive T cells contain helper T cells but lack ThId, an antigen‐specific helper T cell required for dominant production of the T15 idiotype
Authors: Bottomly Kim , Janeway Jr. Charles A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIsolated, alloreactive T cell populations were primed with protein carriers in vivo and tested for their ability to provide help for an anti‐phosphorylcholine (PC) antibody response and for production of the T15 idiotype. It was found that alloreactive T cell populations would support anti‐PC antibody responses but did not selectively activate B cells capable of producing the T15 idiotype that normally dominates such responses. This failure to help for the production of the T15 idiotype was shown to be due to the absence of an antigen‐specific helper T cell that is required for dominant idiotype production (ThId). These studies suggest that ThId cells have recognition structures for antigen and for self idiotype, but lack recognition structures for major histocompatibility complex‐encoded antigens.
Functional and binding activity of monoclonal anti‐Thy‐1 antibodies: evidence for different expression of the two alleles
Authors: Abehsira Orly , Edwards Andrew , Simpson Elizabeth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoclonal anti‐Thy‐1.1 and anti‐Thy‐1.2 antisera selected for complement‐dependent cytotoxicity have high cytotoxic and binding titers on thymocytes and peripheral T cells of mouse strains bearing the appropriate Thy‐1 allele. The effect of both anti‐Thy‐1.1 and anti‐Thy‐1.2 monoclonal antisera plus complement on cytotoxic T cell effectors is to abrogate their activity. On the functional activity of precursor cytotoxic T cells, monoclonal antisera against the two alleles have different effects: anti‐Thy‐1.2 plus complement removes precursor activity of Thy‐1.2‐bearing strains, including (Thy‐1.1 × Thy‐1.2)F1 heterozygotes. In contrast, six different anti‐Thy‐1.1 monoclonals, including four of the IgM class and two of the IgG class, failed to remove cytotoxic precursor activity from the splenic T cells of AKR, A. Thy‐1.1 or (CBA × AKR)F1 mice. Analysis by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting of in vitro cultured AKR spleen cells shows that Thy‐1.1 antigen appears on the cell surface during the five‐day culture period.
DNL 1.9: a monoclonal antibody which specifically detects all murine B lineage cells
Authors: Dessner Deborah S. , Loken Michael R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rat anti‐mouse monoclonal antibody, DNL 1.9, has been produced and shown to bind to all cells of the B lineage in mice. By quantitative immunofluorescence, DNL 1.9 binds to approximately 50% of spleen cells, 20–30% of lymph node cells, but not to thymocytes. In bone marrow and neonatal liver, 70–80% of the small cells and 10–20% of the large cells were identified by this antibody. Two‐color immunofluorescence studies showed that all immunoglobulin‐positive cells were also DNL 1.9‐positive, while Thy‐1.2‐positive cells did not bind the monoclonal antibody. All pre‐B cells in bone marrow, as identified by cytoplasmic IgM staining, were labeled by the DNL 1.9 antibody. A significant proportion of lymphocytes in the bone marrow which did not express cell surface immunoglobulin did bind DNL 1.9. Both direct and indirect plaque‐forming cells were also shown to bind DNL 1.9 antibody. The antigen recognized by this monoclonal antibody was not immunoglobulin nor was the antigen present in normal mouse serum. All seven mouse strains tested showed similar patterns of antigen expression. These results show that all of the cells identifiable as being of the B lineage were identified by this monoclonal antibody. It is possible that the cells which bind DNL 1.9 but do not express cell surface immunoglobulin may be very early precursors of B lymphocytes.
Requirement of the immunogen (E. coli β‐galactosidase) for the response towards a determinant responsible for antibody‐mediated enzyme activation, while antibodies binding some other sites can be elicited by mitogen alone
Authors: Piccolella Enza , Centis Dora , Celada Franco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVirgin mouse spleen cells cultured in vitro without antigen or mitogen produce a measurable amount of IgM binding E. coli β‐galactosidase (β‐gal). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS plus antigen enhance this response, which cannot be considered truly polyclonal since it does not include the production of antibodies directed towards a conformation‐dependent determinant, responsible for the activation of a mutant β‐gal, and known otherwise to be highly immunogenic. By priming in vivo with alum‐treated β‐gal (unable to elicit activating antibodies), an activating response is obtained in vitro by LPS plus antigen, but not by LPS alone.These results are compatible with a two‐signal requirement for the activation of B cells and may be explained as follows: (a) the mitogen, in absence of immunogen, stimulates those clones which have a specific signal from cross‐reacting structures in the environment; (b) instead, no cross‐reactions are available for the conformation‐controlled structure of the „activating”︁ determinant; thus, intact immunogen is required as well as mitogen. Because of this „uniqueness”︁, the molecule of β‐gal offers a highly specific tool to probe carrier‐hapten relationships in native proteins.
Lymphocyte transformation induced by autologous splenocytes incorporated with the tetrasialoganglioside GQ1b
Authors: Sela Ben‐ami 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIncorporation of the tetrasialoganglioside GQ1b into membranes of mouse splenocytes rendered these cells effective triggers in an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. Whereas GQ1b‐incorporated cells increased mitogenic responses of thymocytes by 10 to 13‐fold over untreated cultures, the trisialoganglioside GT1b was only partially effective, and the di‐ and monosialogangliosides tested had no effect. The mixed lymphocyte reaction generated in the autologous system by highly glycosylated gangliosides is abolished by neuraminidase or mild formic acid treatmnt prior to their insertion into target cell membranes suggesting a role for the extra sialic acid residues in imparting additional antigenic specificity to the modified cells.
The distribution of Helix pomatia lectin receptors on mouse lymphoid cells and other tissues
Authors: Mattes M. Jules , Holden Howard T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of receptors for the Helix pomatia lectin on mouse lymphoid cells and other tissues was investigated. Using a sensitive resetting assay combined with immunofluorescence, lectin receptors were found on the membrane of approximately 90% of peripheral T lymphocytes, 75% of thymocytes, 30% of bone marrow cells, 20% of nude spleen cells, 15–50% of peritoneal exudate macrophages, and a subpopulation of peritoneal exudate mast cells. The Thy‐1‐positive nude spleen cells were predominantly Helix lectin receptor‐negative. Approximately 5% of B lymphocytes were weakly positive, and neutrophils were negative. Receptors were present also on a subpopulation of cells of a fibroblast cell line and in acetone powder from the liver and, at a lower level, from the kidney and brain. Membrane receptors on all cell types were partially detectable without neuraminidase treatment of the cells. Two methods of fractionating Helix lextin‐positive cells were employed, which gave significantly different results. By rosetting and depletion using density fractionation, T cell mitogen responses were abolished, while B cell mitogen responses, T cell cytotoxicity, and natural killer cytotoxicity were only slightly affected, if at all. Helix lectinagarose column fractionation seemed more sensitive, in that essentially all natural killer cells bound to the column, as well as a considerable number of B lymphocytes. Cytotoxic T cells were heterogeneous: roughly half were not bound, but the remainder were bound and eluted.
Agents which block membrane lipid peroxidation enhance mouse spleen cell immune activities in vitro: relationship to the enhancing activity of 2‐mercaptoethanol
Authors: Hoffeld J. Terrell 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA broad spectrum of agents known to block various steps in the lipid peroxidation process were tested for their ability to protect mouse spleen cells and thereby enhance their activities, in vitro, in either the primary antibody response or the lipopolysac‐charide‐stimulated proliferation response. Each agent (superoxide dismutase, butylated hydroxyanisole/butylated hydroxytoluene/n‐propyl gallate, lucigenin, and α‐tocopherol) was able to enhance the cellular response in both assay systems. The degree of enhancement of these immune functions was in proportion to the efficacy of each agent in blocking the overall process in lipid peroxidation. Previous work in this laboratory has shown that the enhancement of the primary antibody response by 2‐mercaptoethanol (2‐ME) is mediated by the enhanced availability of reduced glutathione in the culture medium. Suboptimal doses of each lipid antioxidant agent were able to enhance the antibody response in an additive manner with a suboptimal dose of 2‐ME up to a maximum response equal to that achieved with an optimal dose of 2‐ME alone. These data support the hypothesis that the enhancement of cellular responses in the presence of 2‐ME is mediated by the lipid antioxidant activity of reduced glutathione.
Immune suppression to nucleosides: differences between NZB and NZW mice
Authors: Young Michael C. , Bangs James D. , Borel Yves 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies (Y. Borel and M. C. Young, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1980. 77: 1593) have shown that one can raise nucleic acid‐specific suppressor T cells which diminish either the T‐dependent immune response in vivo or the T‐independent immune response in vitro. The results presented here confirm and extend these observations in several different strains of mice. Administration of nucleoside‐modified spleen cells diminishes antibody‐forming cells to nucleoside in mice immunized with nucleoside linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Immune suppression was obtained in all strains except SJL and NZW, which are known to be high responders to denatured DNA. Both the primary and secondary immune responses were suppressed in C57BL/6 mice. Autologous cells exhibit a different ability to function as carriers. Spleen cells are the most effective, and to a certain extent, thymus cells. In contrast, bone marrow cells and red cells fail to induce immune suppression.A strain difference was found between NZB and NZW mice in their susceptibility to immunosuppression by nucleoside‐modified spleen cells. Whereas NZB mice are high responders to nucleoside‐KLH, they were easily suppressed by nucleoside coupled to spleen cells.In contrast, NZW mice, although relatively low responders to nucleoside‐KLH, were not suppressed by administration of nucleoside coupled to spleen cells. Both male and female (NZB × NZW)F1 mice appeared to behave like the NZW parental strain and were resistant to immunosuppression by nucleoside‐modified spleen cells. The significance of this observation for the pathogenesis of murine systemic lupus erythematosus is discussed.
Demonstration of T15 idiotype‐positive effector and suppressor T cells for phosphorylcholine‐specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity response in CBA/N or (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 male mice
Authors: Sugimura Kazuhisa , Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Maeda Keiji , Yamamura Yuichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSubcutaneous immunization of CBA/N or (CBA/N x BALB/c)F1 (NBF1) male mice, which were defective in phosphorylcholine (PC)‐specific humoral antibody response, with PC‐conjugated syngeneic spleen cells induced a PC‐specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, while intravenous administration of the same cells induced PC‐specific suppressor T cells for the DTH response. Treatment of PC‐specific effector or suppressor T cells for the DTH response induced in NBF1 male mice with anti‐T15 idiotypic antibody inactivated effector or suppressor functions of these T cells implying that PC‐specific T cells in NBF1 mice expressed T15 idiotypic determinants on their surface. Enrichment of PC‐specific suppressor T cells was also shown by employing anti‐T15 antibody‐coated dishes.
Characterization of immunological depression in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Takeichi Noritoshi , Suzuki Kazufumi , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunocompetent cell functions were evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Hematological studies revealed decreased absolute numbers of lymphocytes and increased numbers of polynucleic cells in the peripheral blood of SHR. The SHR had a reduced number of immature T lymphocytes in their thymuses in comparison with an original strain of Wistar rats, as detected by the rosette formation test with guinea pig erythrocytes. The antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) of the 3‐month‐old SHR was profoundly depressed and was about one‐tenth that of the Wistar rats. Cell cooperation experiments suggest that the T lymphocytes of the SHR were selectively impaired in antibody responses to SRBC in cooperation with B lymphocytes. B lymphocytes from the bone marrow of the SHR were not affected and produced normal numbers of plaque‐forming units. Cyclophosphamide treatment, which selectively depletes suppressor T lymphocytes, did not enhance the delayedtype hypersensitivity response to SRBC in SHR. This may rule out the possibility of the involvement of the suppressor mechanism in the T cell depression of the SHR.