bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receiving and providing support in couples dealing with multiple sclerosis: A diary study using an equity perspective
Authors: KLEIBOER ANNET M. , KUIJER ROELINE G. , HOX JOOP J. , SCHREURS KARLEIN M. G. , BENSING JOZIEN M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis study examined the effects of daily support exchanges in couples facing multiple sclerosis (MS). Two issues were examined: the imbalance between received and provided support, and the extent to which reciprocal exchanges of received and provided support are associated with end‐of‐day well‐being (positive and negative mood and self‐esteem). Guided by equity theory, we expected that one‐sided support provision or receipt would be harmful for well‐being for both patients and partners. We argued that these negative outcomes could be offset by reciprocating support, that is, when both partners receive and provide support. Sixty‐one patients and their partners filled out questionnaires on demographics and disease‐related characteristics and subsequently completed computerized daily diaries for 14 days. At the end of each day, both partners completed diaries on end‐of‐day mood, self‐esteem, received and provided emotional and instrumental support, and several control variables (daily hassles and MS‐related symptoms for patients). Reciprocity in instrumental support transactions was associated with higher levels of self‐esteem among both patients and partners. However, the other results all showed independent effects of support received and provided. Patients’ well‐being was related to providing emotional support and instrumental support, whereas partners’ well‐being was related to receiving emotional support from patients.
The nature and correlates of deterrents to leaving a relationship
Authors: KURDEK LAWRENCE A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe nature and correlates of perceived deterrents to leaving a relationship were examined in a sample of both partners (N= 314) from gay male, lesbian, and heterosexual couples. Partners rated the extent to which self‐identified features of their relationship were regarded as either attractions to the relationship or deterrents to ending that relationship. The deterrents identified included features that were also identified as attractions as well as unique features that functioned as barriers to leaving. Satisfaction with the relationship tended to be positively correlated with deterrents that were attractions but negatively correlated with deterrents that were barriers. Differences between gay male/lesbian partners and heterosexual partners were found in the kinds of deterrents identified but not in the link between deterrents and relationship satisfaction.
Greenhouse gas emission reductions in the post‐Kyoto period: Emission intensity changes required under the ‘contraction and convergence’ approach
Authors: Kuntsi‐Reunanen E. , Luukkanen J. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract Various approaches have been proposed for allocating commitments to countries regarding the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. One of these methods is the ‘contraction and convergence’ approach, which defines emission permits on the basis of converging per capita emissions under a contracting global emission profile. The approach is unique in its simplicity. Only two major issues need to be negotiated and agreed upon: the target atmospheric concentration of CO2 and the date when the entitlements are to converge at equal per capita allocations. According to the contraction and convergence approach, developing countries can continue their current emission trends, whereas industrialized countries should reduce their emissions quite dramatically. This regime represents a shift away from the current approach towards defining commitments for all parties and their evolution over the long term. This article analyses how allocation schemes determined by the contraction and convergence approach might affect certain OECD and non‐OECD countries. Results for eleven countries selected for analysis (United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, China, Venezuela, Thailand, Brazil, India and Indonesia) reveal that trends observed in the past few decades in most industrialized countries will lead to the contraction and convergence target.
Review of climate policies in the Baltic States
Authors: Streimikiene Dalia , Ciegis Remigijus , Pusinaite Rasa 
Published: December 2006

Abstract Production and use of energy is the main source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in developed countries. In the Baltic States, climate change mitigation policies and measures implemented have been driven mainly by efforts to reach EU accession standards, and all EU environmental directives relating to the energy sector have now been implemented. This has had a significant impact on the reduction of GHG emissions. This article presents a comparative review of the general framework for climate change mitigation in the energy sector of the Baltic States. It compares and analyses measures already implemented in the three countries — legal, fiscal and voluntary — and market based tools to reduce GHG emissions, and evaluates the impact of EU environmental and energy directives on the reduction of GHG emissions. Some descriptive sections of the article come from the Nordic Council of Ministers study “Challenges of Kyoto commitments for the Baltic States’ energy sectors”.
Adapting to climate variability: Pumpkins, people and policy
Authors: Ziervogel Gina , Bharwani Sukaina , Downing Thomas E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractUnderstanding of how best to support those most vulnerable to climate stress is imperative given expected changes in climate variability. This paper investigates local adaptation strategies to climate variability, focusing on agricultural decision‐making in a communal irrigation scheme in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Research done through interviews, surveys and participatory methods demonstrates that adaptation strategies within a community are socially differentiated and present differing objectives and priorities. These results highlight the need for intervention and policy that support a heterogeneous response to a wide range of stresses. Evidence for climate change is clear and the need for adaptation is urgent. However, adaptation measures have to be sensitively integrated with ongoing development pathways to ensure they are sustainable and relevant to local priorities.
Energy efficiency: The best immediate option for a secure, clean, healthy future
Authors: Ottinger Richard L. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract The imperatives for reducing the world's dependence on fossil and nuclear fuels have multiplied manifold in recent years with the advent of worldwide terrorism. These new dangers come in addition to the imperatives of addressing the dire consequences of global warming and devastating pollution that accompany the use of these fossil fuels. Reducing dependence on these unsafe and unreliable energy resources should be a top global priority. Implementation of proven energy efficiency technologies offers the world the fastest, safest, most economic and most environmentally benign way to alleviate these threats. This article outlines available efficiency measures, their economic advantages and means by which they may be and have been implemented. While examples of efficiency applications from both developed and developing countries are given, the article relies heavily on experience with energy efficiency in the United States, where data on efficiency is particularly abundant.
Spatiotemporal distribution and resource use of scoliid wasps (Hymenoptera) in coastal sand dunes
Authors: INOUE Makiko , ENDO Tomoji 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe spatial and temporal distributions of scoliid wasps in the coastal sand dunes at Hakoishi, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, were investigated using three different sampling methods in 2002 and 2003. Of eight scoliid species collected in the present study, five species, Scolia historionica, Campsomeriella annulata, Scolia decorata, Scolia oculata, and Megacampsomeris schulthessi, were dominant. The flying insects caught by Malaise traps and flower‐visiting insects caught by insect nets were mostly males, and this biased pattern was due to the active mate‐searching behavior of male wasps and their frequent visits to flowers to supplement energy consumed by such behavior. Given that the ground traps caught females exclusively, female wasps seemed to actively engage in host‐searching behavior on and below the ground. Of the wasps caught by Malaise traps and flower‐visit sampling, five dominant species showed spatially different habitat use: S. historionica and C. annulata mainly occupied the grassland zone on the plain (Gp), S. decorata occupied the grassland zone on the terrace (Gt) and the forest zone (Fp), S. oculata occupied the small scrub zone on the plain (Sp), and M. schulthessi occupied the small scrub zone on the terrace (St). Ground trap samples also indicated that S. historionica and C. annulata shared habitats. On the basis of the observed seasonal changes in wasp abundance and the degree of wing wear as an index of wasp age, S. historionica and C. annulata are thought to be bivoltine species, whereas S. decorata, S. oculata, and M. schulthessi are thought to be univoltine species. These scoliid wasp species may play an important role in pollinating coastal plants in the grassland zone.
Early collapse of Vespa simillima (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) colonies in central Japan
Authors: MARTIN Stephen J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDuring the past 15 years in the Ina Valley, Japan, mature fifth instar larvae of the yellow hornet, Vespa simillima, have been occasionally ejected from colonies during September. During 2005, this unusual behavior was particularly widespread, and collection of several V. simillima colonies confirmed that very few fifth instar larvae were present. When compared with an average colony, constructed from 41 colonies collected 20 years previously, colonies in 2005 had 80% fewer fifth instar larvae, despite queen egg‐laying rates remaining similar. It may be that the amount of food provided to the larvae by workers is less than the amount of larval secretions received by workers, which is causing the larvae to become emaciated and preventing them from pupating. This phenomenon normally occurs naturally at the end of the colony cycle in November, when prey abundance decreases and larval secretions or other sources of carbohydrates, for example from ripe fruit, tree sap, or aphid secretions, are needed by sexuals to build up fat reserves. However, another possibility is that the unexplained appearance of this phenomenon in September, which is causing colonies to collapse without producing any or very few sexuals, is due to foragers feeding the larvae prey that are contaminated with insect growth regulators, via pesticides, which are known to prevent successful pupation.
Evolution of larval food plant associations in Delias Hübner butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: BRABY Michael F. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA review of larval food plants of the genus Delias is presented. Larvae specialize primarily on aerial‐stem and root hemiparasites (“mistletoes”) in the order Santalales. Although butterfly food plant associations have been recorded for only a small proportion of the genus (28 species or ∼11%, representing 12/24 species‐groups), available data suggest that the family Loranthaceae is used most frequently (77%), followed by the Santalaceae sensu stricto (14%) and Viscaceae (8%). With the possible exception of Euphorbiaceae (1%), almost all non‐mistletoe records are considered to be erroneous and, in most cases, probably represent the mistletoe host tree on which the larvae sometimes pupate. Of the eight major clades recognized in Delias, food plants have been recorded for six of these, although the majority of records (89%) are for three clades (hyparete, belladonna, nigrina). Optimization of the larval food plant data in the context of recent phylogenetic hypotheses for both butterflies and plants revealed little evidence of cospeciation at the higher systematic levels. The most parsimonious reconstruction was an origin of larval feeding on Loranthaceae, followed by at least six independent colonizations to Santalaceae + Viscaceae. In contrast to related pierids in the Aporiina associated with mistletoes in which further shifts from aerial‐stem mistletoes to distantly related plants (e.g. host trees parasitized by mistletoes) have facilitated differentiation at the generic level, there is no firm evidence to indicate that such secondary, monomorphic shifts have evolved in Delias. However, larvae of D. henningia (pasithoe group of belladonna clade) from Palawan and Luzon, the Philippines, appear to be polymorphic, feeding on both Loranthaceae and Euphorbiaceae.
Clockwise exhumation path of granulitized eclogites from the Ama Drime range (Eastern Himalayas)
Authors: GROPPO C. , LOMBARDO B. , ROLFO F. , PERTUSATI P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe metamorphic evolution of a granulitized eclogite from the Phung Chu Valley (Eastern Himalaya) was reconstructed combining microstructural observations, conventional thermobarometry and quantitative pseudosection analysis. The granulitized eclogite consists of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, garnet, brown amphibole, and minor orthopyroxene, biotite, ilmenite and quartz. On the basis of microstructural observations and mineral relationships, four metamorphic stages and related mineral assemblages have been recognized: (i) M1 eclogite‐facies assemblage, consisting of garnet, omphacite (now replaced by a clinopyroxene + plagioclase symplectite) and phengite (replaced by biotite +plagioclase symplectite); (ii) M2 granulite‐facies assemblage, represented by clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, garnet, plagioclase and accessory ilmenite; (iii) M3 plagioclase + orthopyroxene corona developed around garnet, and (iv) M4 brown amphibole + plagioclase assemblage in the rock matrix. Because of the nearly complete lack of eclogitic mineral relics, M1 conditions can be only loosely constrained at >1.5 GPa and >580 °C. In contrast, assemblage M2 tightly constrains the peak granulitic stage at 0.8–1.0 GPa and >750 °C. The second granulitic assemblage M3, represented by the plagioclase + orthopyroxene corona, formed at lower pressures (∼0.4 GPa and ∼750 °C). During the subsequent exhumation, the granulitized eclogite experienced significant cooling to nearly 700 °C, marked by the appearance of brown amphibole and plagioclase (M4) in the rock matrix. U‐Pb SHRIMP analyses on low‐U rims of zircon from an eclogite of the same locality suggest an age of 13–14 Ma for the M3 stage.The resulting decompressional clockwise P–T path of the Ama Drime eclogite is characterized by nearly isothermal decompression from >1.5 GPa to ∼0.4 GPa, followed by nearly isobaric cooling from ∼775 °C to ∼710 °C. Modelling of phase equilibria by a calculated petrogenetic grid and conventional thermobarometry on a biotite‐garnet‐sillimanite metapelite hosted in the country rock granitic orthogneiss extends the inferred P–T trajectory down to ∼630 °C and ∼0.3 GPa.
Impaired Developmental Switch of Short‐term Plasticity in Pyramidal Cells of Dysplastic Cortex
Authors: Chen Huan‐Xin , Xiang Hui , Roper Steven N. 
Published: December 2006

Summary:  Purposes: Human cortical dysplasia (CD) has a strong clinical association with intractable epilepsy. It is believed that neuronal networks of CD are hyperexcitable, which may initiate seizures. The underlying mechanisms are, however, still poorly understood. We have studied the alterations of synaptic properties in a rat model of CD, in utero irradiation. Methods: Pregnant rats on E17 were exposed to 225 cGy of external γ‐irradiation and offspring were used for experiments. Coronal somatosensory brain slices were obtained from 13–60‐day‐old rats. Visualized whole‐cell recordings were performed on pyramidal neurons in layer V of control neocortex and the middle region of dysplastic cortex. Short‐term plasticity (STP) of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) was induced by 5‐pulse (20 Hz or 50 Hz) train stimulations. Results: STP of EPSCs in pyramidal cells of the normal cortex induced by 5‐pulse train stimulation (20 Hz or 50 Hz) switched from depression at P13–15 to facilitation at P28–35 and P55–60. However, STP in CD at P28–35 and P 55–60 still showed depression. The failure rate of synaptic responses to the first pulse of the stimulation tested at P 28–35 was significantly lower in CD than in controls. The depression of STP in CD at P28–35 was altered neither by blocking the desensitization of glutamate receptors nor by blocking postsynaptic Ca2+ rise. It was also not affected by an antagonist of mGluR2/3, LY341495. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, compared to control cortex, the presynaptic release probability of excitatory synapses in CD pyramidal cells at P28–35 and P55–60 remains abnormally high and reduced tonic activity of presynaptic mGluR2/3 may contribute to this elevated release probability.
Localizing and Lateralizing Value of Behavioral Change in Childhood Partial Seizures
Authors: Fogarasi András , Janszky József , Tuxhorn Ingrid 
Published: December 2006

Summary:  Objective: To describe clinical characteristics as well as localizing and lateralizing value of behavioral change (BC) at the onset of childhood seizures. Methods: Five hundred forty‐one videotaped seizures of 109 consecutive patients ≤12 years with partial epilepsy and postoperatively seizure‐free outcome were analyzed. Behavioral change (the first clinical feature of a certain seizure with a sudden change in the child's behavior) was evaluated by two independent investigators. Results: Thirty‐three (30%) patients showed BC at least once during their seizures. Behavioral changes appeared in arrestive form in 19 and with affective activities in 18 children; four patients produced both kinds of BCs, separately. Arrest‐type BC happened in 16 of 50 children with right‐ and 3 of 59 patients with left‐sided seizure onset zone (p < 0.001). Affective‐type BC was observed in 17 of 67 temporal lobe epilepsy patients while it happened in only 1 of 42 children with extratemporal lobe epilepsy (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Arrest‐type BC lateralizes to the right hemisphere, while affective‐type BC localizes to the temporal lobe in childhood partial seizures. Type of BCs can add important information to the presurgical evaluation of young children with refractory partial epilepsy.
Effects of a Single Dose of Erythropoietin on Subsequent Seizure Susceptibility in Rats Exposed to Acute Hypoxia at P10
Authors: Mikati Mohamad A. , Hokayem Jimmy A. El , Sabban Marwan E. El 
Published: December 2006

Summary:  Purpose: To determine if posthypoxia treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) has protective effects against subsequent susceptibility to seizure related neuronal injury in rat pups subjected to acute hypoxia at P10. Methods: Four groups of rats were manipulated at P10, as described below, then all received kainic acid (KA) (10 mg/kg i.p.) at P29: Hypoxia‐NS‐KA group (n = 11): subjected to acute hypoxia (down to 4% O2), and then immediately received saline i.p. Hypoxia‐EPO‐KA group (n = 10): subjected to acute hypoxia and then immediately received EPO (1,000 U/Kg i.p.). Normoxia‐NS‐KA group (n = 11): sham manipulated and injected with saline. Normoxia‐EPO‐KA group (n = 10): sham manipulated then immediately injected with EPO (1000 U/Kg i.p.). After receiving KA at P29, all rats were monitored using videotape techniques, and were sacrificed at P31. TUNEL and Hoechst stains to assess for apoptosis, and regular histology for hippocampal cell counts were performed. Results: Administration of the single dose of erythropoietin directly after an acute hypoxic event at P10 resulted at P29 in increased latency to forelimb clonus seizures, reduced duration of these seizures, protection against hippocampal cell loss, and decreased hippocampal apoptosis in the Hypoxia‐EPO‐KA group as compared to the Hypoxia‐NS‐KA group. Conclusion: These data support the presence of favorable protective effects of erythropoietin against the long‐term consequences of acute hypoxia in the developing brain and raise the possibility of its investigation as a potential neuroprotective agent after human neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy.
The Development of Intellectual Abilities in Pediatric Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Cormack Francesca , Helen Cross J. , Isaacs Elizabeth , Harkness William , Wright Ingram , Vargha‐Khadem Faraneh , Baldeweg Torsten 
Published: December 2006

Summary:  Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of clinical variables, particularly age at onset of epilepsy, on intellectual function in a group of children with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods: We reviewed the preoperative neuropsychological test results of 79 children with unilateral TLE who subsequently underwent surgical resection. The impact of age at onset and duration of epilepsy, pathology type, and side of resection on full‐scale intelligence quotient (IQ) scores was examined. Results: Intellectual dysfunction (defined as IQ <79) was present in 57% of children, and age at onset of epilepsy was the best predictor of intellectual function. Children with epilepsy onset in the first year of life had a particularly high incidence of intellectual impairment (82.4%). Conclusion: These data suggest a critical period during the first year of life for the subsequent development of intellectual abilities and highlight the importance of early treatment in this population.
Ictal Emotional Expressions of Children with Partial Epilepsy
Authors: Fogarasi András , Janszky József , Tuxhorn Ingrid 
Published: December 2006

Summary: Objective:To systematically analyze the lateralizing and localizing value of ictal emotional expressions (EEs) in children and compare these results with those of earlier adult studies.Methods:Five hundred fourteen seizures of 100 consecutive children ≤12 years with partial (61/100 temporal lobe) epilepsy and postoperative seizure free outcome were included in the study. Video recordings of seizures were reviewed by two independent investigators blinded to the patients' clinical data.Results:Thirty‐five patients produced EE at least once during their archived seizures, including fear (15), crying (12), smile (9), pain (5), happiness (3), and laughing (in one case). Emotional symptoms were divided into two groups: positive (smile, laughing, and happiness) and negative EEs (fear, crying, and pain). Emotional expressions appeared more frequently during extratemporal (49%) than temporal (26%) lobe seizures (p < 0.05). Positive EEs had an extratemporal dominance (p < 0.05), while frequency of negative EEs did not localize the seizure onset zone. Assessing their lateralizing value, positive EEs were more frequent during right‐sided seizures (p < 0.05) while negative EEs did not lateralize the seizure onset zone. Frequency of EEs were independent of patients' ages, age at epilepsy onset or duration of epilepsy.Conclusion:This is the first comprehensive childhood study showing that ictal EEs are frequent in childhood and their localizing and lateralizing properties are different from those of adults.