bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid composition ofChaetomium cochliodes: Effect of media
Authors: Safe S. , Brewer D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid and lipid compositions ofChaetomium cochliodes grown on three different media are compared. Although the growth media effects dramatic changes in the antibiotic production, only minor alterations in the lipid patterns are observed. γ‐Linolenic acid was identified for the first time from an ascomycete, and the phylogenetic consequences of this are discussed. In addition, ergosterol was shown to be the major sterol component (95%), the minor sterol being identified as ergosta‐5,7,9(11),22‐tetraen‐3β‐ol.
Deposition of dietary epoxides in tissues of rats
Authors: Fioriti J. A. , Buide N. , Sims R. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEpididymal fat pad lipids from rats fed trivernolin at the 4.8% level in the diet for 90 days were found to contain 6.1% epoxyoleic acid. No epoxides were detected in the serum lipids and only trace amounts were found in the liver lipids. TLC, GLC and a specific color reaction with picric acid were used to identify this fatty epoxide in the tissues. Epoxyoleic acid was shown to be present as a mixture of predominately monovernoloyl triglycerides with some divernoloyl triglycerides and small amounts of trivernolin. Lipase hydrolysis of the first two triglycerides has demonstrated that the vernoloyl groups are present mostly in the 1,3 positions. In a separate experiment, rats were fed cholesterol epoxide at the 0.5% and 1.5% levels in the diet for 90 days. TLC and GLC examination of lipids from these rats failed to reveal the presence of any cholesterol epoxide. Only one‐half of the sterol fed could be accounted for in the fecal lipids.
Fatty acid composition of baboon milk lipids
Authors: Buss David H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe predominant fatty acids of mature baboon milk were shown by gas‐liquid chromatography to be (by weight) palmitic (16%), oleic (23%), and linoleic (38%) acids. The high proportion of linoleic acid was attributed to the corn oil in the diet. Less myristic acid (1.3%), but more caprylic (5%) and capric (8%) acids, were present in baboon milk than in human milk. The proportions of these short‐chain fatty acids were highest during early lactation.
Relationship between embryonic and tumor lipids: I. Changes in the neutral lipids of the developing chick brain, heart and liver
Authors: Wood Randall 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOrgan dry weight, per cent total lipid, per cent neutral lipid, per cent phospholipid, and neutral lipid class composition of embryonic and mature brain, heart and liver were determined at 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 27 and 53 days after incubation was initiated. All three tissues showed an increase in total lipids from the 10th day to hatching (21st day). The 10th day brain showed relatively high levels of sterol esters which decreased with increased development while free sterol levels increased. Heart free sterol and sterol ester percentages decreased with increassed time, while triglyceride levels increased dramatically after the 16th day. Liver showed a massive accumulation of neutral lipid after the 17th day. The neutral lipid was not triglyceride, as might have been expected, but sterol ester. Liver sterol, sterol ester and triglyceride levels were approximately equal at the 10th and 13th days, after which time sterol ester rose rapidly to more than 90% of the total neutral lipids by the 19th day. The neutral lipid class distributions were characteristically different for each tissue throughout embryonic development. The relative high sterol ester levels in each of the tissues early in development suggests that the high level of sterol esters in neoplastic tissue may be related to the growth process of increasing cell numbers. On the other hand, the absence or the presence of only trace amounts of glyceryl ether diesters in any of the embryonic tissues suggests that the elevated levels of this lipid class in most tumors may be related to the neoplastic process or to conditions resulting from neoplasia.
Effect of dietary cholesterol and fasting on hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaryl coenzyme a hydrolase
Authors: Saleemuddin M. , Siddiqi Majid 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHepatic HMG‐CoA hydrolase activity has been shown to increase in rats fasted for 72 hr or fed for 14 days on 5% cholesterol supplemented diet. Cycloheximide treatment resulted in further activation of this enzyme in animals fed cholesterol. Significant activation of HMG‐CoA hydrolase was also observed in rats fed normally and treated with cycloheximide and actinomycin D either individually or simultaneously.
Studies on in vitro peroxidation of liver lipids in ethanol‐treated rats
Authors: Comporti M. , Benedetti A. , Chieli E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt has been confirmed that lipid peroxidation of liver homogenates is increased following acute ethanol intoxication. Studies with recombined fractions of the liver suggest that the cause for the ethanol‐induced increase in malonic dialdehyde production is located in the soluble fraction. Reduced glutathione content of the liver supernatant is decreased following ethanol intoxication. The decrement, however, occurs after the increase in malonic dialdehyde production takes place. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities of the liver are unaffected by ethanol administration. It is suggested that the decrease in reduced glutathione content may reflect a condition of increased peroxidation in vivo.
Sphingolipid fatty acid composition of rat brain “membranous sacs”
Authors: Raghaven S. , Spielvogel C. , Kanfer J. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA fraction enriched in “membranous sacs” was isolated from the brains of young rats. Ceramide, glucosylceramide, galactosylceramide, lactosylceramide, sulfatide, sphingomyelin and ganglioside were purified. The fatty acids of the individual compounds were identified after hydrolysis. Certain similarities and dissimilarities were observed.
The reaction of methyl sterculate and malvalate with silver nitrate‐silica gel and its use as a basis for the estimation of cyclopropene fatty acids
Authors: Johnson A. R. , Murray K. E. , Fogerty A. C. , Kennett B. H. , Pearson Judith A. , Shenstone F. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhen in contact with silver nitratesilica gel, methyl esters of cyclopropene fatty acids undergo ring opening to yield pairs of isomers with methylene, hydroxymethyl, or nitratomethyl side‐chains at the original ring positions. Thus the main products from methyl sterculate were the methyl 9 (or 10)‐methylene octadec‐10 (or 8)‐enoates, and, in lesser quantities, the methyl 9 (or 10)‐(nitratomethyl)‐octadec‐9‐enoates and the methyl 9 (or 10)‐(hydroxymethyl)‐octadec‐9‐enoates. Hydrogenation quantitatively converted this mixture of isomeric pairs to a mixture of methyl 9‐ and methyl 10‐methyloctadecanoates.Chromatography on silver nitrate‐silica gel, followed by gas chromatography of the hydrogenated products, has been used as the basis of a new method for estimating individual cyclopropene and cyclopropane acids in lipids.
Determination of plasmalogens after treating with a 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine‐phosphoric acid reagent
Authors: Rhee Ki Soon , Del Rosario R. R. , Dugan L. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method for the quantitative determination of plasmalogens is described. Glycerophosphatide fractions from animal and plant sources were treated with a 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine‐phosphoric acid reagent. The plasmalogen content was estimated by two different procedures after a single treatment with reagent: a) by determining the phosphorus content of diacyl phospholipid and (2‐acyl) lysophospholipid separated by thin‐layer chromatography, b) by spectrophotometric determination of the 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones and phosphorus assay of the original untreated sample. The total plasmalogen content of an unfractionated extract may be determined easily by the latter procedure.The method described gives results comparable with those from the p‐nitrophenylhydrazine method and iodination procedure. The usefulness of this 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine‐phosphoric acid treatment for further structural analyses of plasmalogens is discussed.
Determination of petroselinic acid by microreactor chromatography
Authors: Kleiman R. , Davison V. L. , Earle F. R. , Dutton H. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe microreactor‐ozonolysis technique was applied to the quantitative determination of the relative amounts of petroselinic and oleic acids in seven Umbelliferae seed oils. The operation was easy and rapid. Results were excellent when the method was tested on ester mixtures of known composition. When used on esters prepared from Umbelliferae seed oils, the method gave results comparable with those found by another procedure, also described, which combined thin‐layer chromatography with either gas‐liquid chromatography or ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
Effects of administration of hypolipidemic agent, 2,2′″‐[(1‐methyl‐4,4‐diphenylbutylidene)bis(p‐phenyleneoxy)] bistriethylamine oxalate (SQ 10,591) upon cholesterol esterification by aorta, adrenal, and testes of cholesterol‐fed rabbits
Authors: Morin Robert J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAdministration of 2,2′″‐([1‐methyl‐4,4‐diphenylbutylidene] bis(p‐phenyleneoxy]) bistriethylamine oxalate (SQ 10,591) at 20 mg/Kg daily for 5 days to cholesterol‐fed rabbits resulted in no change in aortic microsomal cholesterol esterification with a palmitoyl coenzyme A substrate or of aortic mitochondrial cholesterol esterification with a palmitate substrate. Esterification by both reactions in the adrenal was much higher than in either aorta or testes. Adrenal and testicular mitochondrial esterification and testicular microsomal esterification were inhibited significantly after SQ 10,591 administration. In vitro addition of 0.0001 M SQ 10,591 significantly inhibited both microsomal and mitochondrial cholesterol esterification in aorta, adrenal, and testes.
Simple, rapid method for detecting phase transitions of lipids
Authors: Erdei L. , Csorba I. , Thuyen H. X. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA simple rapid method was worked out for studying the physical and structural state of lipids by measuring the refractive indices of a layered lipid film. Melting processes of n‐paraffins and phase transitions of phospholipids and the lecithin‐cholesterol system also can be followed as a function of temperature. In accordance with data from the relevant literature, the measured refractive indices show that cholesterol lowers the phase transition temperature of lecithin. By isorefraction curves, the most ordered structure of the layers is indicated to occur at the equimolar ratio of cholesterol and lecithin. The method may be applied to study the effect of lipid‐soluble agents upon lipid structure and is applicable for routine investigations and industrial purposes as well.
Uptake and metabolism of α‐monopalmitin by rat lung in vitro
Authors: Wang M. C. , Meng H. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCO2 production from and uptake of α‐glyceryl mono (palmitate‐1‐14C) were studied in an in vitro system using minced rat lung. Monoglyceride radioactivity was readily incorporated into lung tissue lipids. In a time course of 5–120 min, ca. 2.9–21.9% of the initial medium14C‐radioactivity was recovered in tissue lipids, including free fatty acid and monoglyceride, per one g of tissue. From 93 to 72% of the initial radioactivity remained in the medium during the same incubation periods. The ratio of tissue neutral lipid to phospholipid radioactivity decreased from 2∶1 at 5 min to ca. 1∶2.1 at 120 min. Most of the phospholipid‐14C was in phosphatidyl choline, and this accounted for 80% of phospholipid‐14C. Analysis of the tissue lipid radioactivity pattern revealed that during early periods of incubation (5–15 min) there was a rapid accumulation of14C in monoglycerides and free fatty acids, which decreased with increasing incubation time concomitant with increase in radioactivity of tissue phospholipids and triglycerides. During the same time course, 6.5–85.3% of medium‐14C was in free fatty acid, indicating the presence of an active α‐monopalmitin‐hydrolyzing system. After 2 hr of incubation, only 1.8% of the initial medium‐14C had been oxidized to CO2. Under the same experimental conditions,14C‐α‐monopalmitin and palmitate‐1‐14C were almost equally utilized and the patterns of lipid incorporated from both substrates were similar. It is suggested that rat lungs can utilize α‐monopalmitin in a similar manner as palmitate after the former is hydrolyzed.
Uptake and metabolism of exogenous eicosa‐8,11,14‐trienoic acid in minimal deviation hepatoma 7288 C cells
Authors: Gaspar G. , de Alaniz M. J. T. , Brenner R. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMinimal deviation hepatoma 7288 C cells were cultured in Swim's medium containing 10% serum for 48 hr. The growth medium was replaced with serum free media containing different concentrations of [1‐14C]eicosa‐8,11,14‐trienoic acid and the cells were incubated for 24 hr. Incorporation into cell lipids, oxidation to CO2, and desaturation to arachidonic acid were studied. The oxidation of the acid was very low. It was preferentially incorporated into the polar lipids of the cell. The incorporation depended on the number of cells and fatty acid concentration. Saturation of the cells with the acid was reached when 144.7 nmoles per mg of cellular protein were incorporated. The acid was desaturated readily to arachidonic acid. The nmoles of eicosatrienoic acid converted to arachidonic acid per mg of cellular protein were hyperbolic function of the acid incorporated. Maximal desaturation, 23 nmoles per mg of cellular protein, was reached when the cells were saturated with the acid. The calculations of the desaturation capacity and of the endogenous pool of eicosatrienoic acid available for desaturation in the cell are discussed.
Hepatoma, host liver, and normal rat liver lipids: Distribution of isomeric monoene fatty acids in individual lipid classes
Authors: Wood Randall , Wiegand Rex D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMonoenoic acid fractions were isolated from phosphatidycholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters of hepatoma 7288CTC, host liver, and normal liver from animals maintained on chow and fat free diets. Hexadecenoate (16∶1), octadecenoate (18∶1), and eisosenoate (20∶1) fractions were analyzed quantitatively for their isomeric composition. The fat free diet had little or no effect relative to the chow diet on the isomeric composition of 16∶1, 18∶1, and 20∶1 from any lipid class in either hepatoma, host liver, or normal liver. Host livers were reduced in palmitoleic acid, and oleic and eicos‐11‐enoic acids were increased relative to normal liver. The 16∶1 fraction from triglyceride of normal liver, host liver, and hepatoma contained 90, 80, and 75% palmitoleic acid, respectively. The 20∶1 fraction from triglycerides of normal liver, host liver, and hepatoma contained ca. 55, 70, and 60% eicos‐11‐enoic acid, respectively, with the remainder consisting of eicos‐13‐enoic acid. The proportion of vaccenic acid in the 18∶1 fraction was 60, 50, 20, and 25% for phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters, respectively, with oleic acid making up the balance. In contrast, all hepatoma lipid classes exhibited the same proportion of oleic (70%) and vacenic (30%) acids. These data appear to be the first to demonstrate lipid class specificity for isomeric octadecenoic acids in normal liver and the loss of this specificity in a neoplasm.
Lipid and lipoprotein measurements in a normal adult American population
Authors: Lindgren F. T. , Adamson G. L. , Jenson L. C. , Wood P. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFrom a parent population of 774, a subpopulation of 160 normal adults ages 27–66 was randomly selected, 20 from each decade and sex. A detailed comparison was made by analytic ultracentrifugation and complete agarose gel electrophoresis on serum and the 1.006 g/ml top and bottom preparative ultracentrifuge lipoprotein fractions. The latter was internally standardized by total lipid and plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride determinations giving normal reference lipoprotein values. The reading procedure allowed the identification and quantification of floating β and sinking pre‐β. In the subpopulation, there were two of the former and 13 of the latter. For large scale clinical application of such quantitative lipoprotein electrophoresis full automation of the microdensitometry and calculations will be required.
Conversion of linoleic acid hydroperoxide by soybean lipoxygenase in the presence of guaiacol: Identification of the reaction products
Authors: Streckert Günter , Stan Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLinoleic acid hydroperoxide formed by soybean lipoxygenase was metabolized by the same enzyme in the presence of guaiacol. The products of this reaction included trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids, hydroperoxydihydroxyoctadecenoic acids, hydroxyepoxyoctadecenoic acids, dihydroxyoctadecenoic acids, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids, and oxooctadecadienoic acids.
Aerobic pentane production by soybean lipoxygenase isozymes
Authors: Sanders T. H. , Pattee H. E. , Singleton J. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effects of oxygen on production of pentane and compounds absorbing at 234 nm and 285 nm by soybean lipoxygenase isozymes I and II were examined in a model system. Aerobic conditions increased pentane production. Differences in dienone formation (A285) and diene conjugation (A234) indicate the reaction sequences of the 2 isozymes are not the same.
Essential fatty acid deficiency: Metabolism of 20∶3(n−9) and 22∶3(n−9) of major phosphoglycerides in subcellular fractions of developing and mature mouse brain
Authors: Sun Grace Y. , Winniczek H. , Go J. , Sheng S. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEssential fatty acid deficiency was initiated in young and mature mice. The metabolism of 20∶3(n−9) and 22∶3(n−9) in brain subcellular fractions was followed after the mice were switched from the deficient diet to a corn oil supplemented diet. After switching to the supplemented diet, the proportions of (n−9) polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain in both groups of mice decreased with time. The rate of disappearance of (n−9) polyunsaturated fatty acids was faster in the young groups than in the mature group. In the developing mice, the half‐lives of the (n−9) polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total ethanolamine phosphoglycerides of brain microsomal, synaptosomal, and myelin fractions were 3, 10, and 15 days, respectively. In the mature group, the half‐lives for 20∶3(n−9) in diacyl‐glycerophosphorylethanolamine of microsome, synaptosome, and myelin fractions were 8–10, 10, and 22 days, respectively; and the half‐lives for 22∶3(n−9) in alkenylacyl‐glycerophosphorylethanolamine of the same subcellular fractions were 8–12, 28, and 35–40 days, respectively. In general, the rate of disappearance of 20∶3(n−9) in brain was faster in the diacyl‐glycerophosphorylethanolamine than in the alkenylacyl‐glycerophosphorylethanolamine. These results demonstrate that the metabolism of (n−9) polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain phosphoglycerides during recovery from essential fatty acid deficiency not only varies with age, but also depends upon indidual phosphoglycerides present in each subcellular fraction.
Nonsteroidal secondary and tertiary amines: Inhibitors of insect development and metamorphosis and Δ24‐sterol reductase system of tobacco hornwormreductase system of tobacco hornworm
Authors: Robbins W. E. , Thompson M. J. , Svoboda J. A. , Shortino T. J. , Cohen C. F. , Dutky S. R. , Duncan O. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeveral new branched and straight chain secondary and tertiary amines were shown to have inhibitive effects upon development and metamorphosis and the Δ24‐sterol reductase system in larvae of the tobacco hornworm similar to those previously observed with a number of azasteroids. Certain of the amines which are related structurally to compounds with juvenile hormone activity in insects also blocked development and metamorphosis in three other species of insects. These compounds are lethal or inhibit development in all larval stages and thus differ in action from compounds with juvenile hormone activity where the principal effect is to block the penultimate or ultimate molt.
Adaptive changes in Δ9 desaturase activity in rat liver
Authors: De Tomas Maria Elena , Mercuri Osvaldo , Peluffo Raul 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Δ9 desaturase activity and the14C radioactivity of the de novo synthesized fatty acids incorporated into microsomal lipids and serum triglycerides were measured under different nutritional conditions. The results obtained indicate a correlation between the values of the three parameters studied after starvation or after refeeding Purina chow or either a high carbohydrate or a high protein diet. These data suggest that liver lipogenesis and Δ9 desaturase activities respond to the same regulatory factors.
Determination of the complete structure of natural lecithins
Authors: Kuksis A. , Marai L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method is described for the separation, identification, and quantitative estimation of the individual molecular species occurring in natural lecithin mixtures. Purified lecithin preparations are converted into diglyceride acetates by enzymic dephosphorylation and acetylation. The diglyceride acetates are separated on the basis of the degree of unsaturation and the molecular geometry by means of chromatography on thin layers of silica gel which are impregnated with silver nitrate. The various acetates thus resolved are separately recovered from the plates and diluted with tridecanoin internal standard; the quantitative distribution of the molecular weights is determined by gas chromatography.Suitable aliquots of the saturated and unsaturated diglyceride acetates are further analyzed for over‐all and for positional distribution of fatty acids. The identity and proportions of the various lecithins are deduced by integration and normalization of all the experimental data. Where doubt exists, specific diglyceride acetates are isolated by preparative gas chromatography, and their fatty acid composition is determined. The method is illustrated with data obtained for the mixed lecithins of egg yolk. The general approach is applicable to the determination of the structure of other phospholipids of comparable complexity.
Ring location in cyclopropane fatty acid esters by a mass spectrometric method
Authors: McCloskey James A. , Law John H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRing location in cyclopropane fatty acid esters is accomplished simply and unequivocally with submilligram samples. The technique involves reductive ring opening with platinum catalyst and hydrogen in glacial acetic acid, to give a mixture of branched‐chain and straight‐chain acid esters. The sample is analyzed with a combination gas chrmatograph‐mass spectrometer. Examination of the spectra obtained from the mixture of branched‐chain acid esters permits assignment of the position of the methyl groups, and hence of the ring in the parent compound.
A quantitation problem in the open tubular gas chromatography of fatty acid esters from cod liver lipids
Authors: Ackman R. G. , Sipos J. C. , Jangaard P. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMethyl esters of fatty acids of marine origin contain large amounts of highly unsaturated long‐chain fatty acids. It is shown that, although esters of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids can be quantitatively analyzed on open tubular columns with a flame ionization detector there are serious losses of the long‐chain highly unsaturated fatty acids of marine oils on the column. Through comparison of chain‐length composition and iidine value some correction factors are suggested for the highly unsaturated fatty acids which permit reasonably accurate analyses.