bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imperial Discourse, Regional Elite, and Local Landscape on the South China Frontier, 1577-1722
Authors: Miles Steven 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article describes the consolidation of imperial control and the increase of regional migration on China's southern frontier from 1577 to 1722. After a large-scale military campaign, the Ming state created two neighboring counties in a mountainous area of Guangdong province that had previously been dominated by an unregistered, unsettled, and unruly segment of the population. The Chinese literati elite residing in the more settled and commercially prosperous delta downstream from the two new counties wrote numerous essays celebrating the spread of imperial rule across this landscape. These essays also reveal some ways in which the socioeconomic interests of the delta elite were served by the state's consolidation of the frontier. The two new counties offered opportunities for various kinds of delta residents: merchants organizing the extraction of natural resources, settlers claiming newly emptied lands, and aspiring literati taking advantage of new quotas and less competition in the civil service examinations.
Die Bedeutung von Tradition und Geheimnis für praktizierende Magier des 21. Jahrhunderts: Ergebnisse einer Interviewstudie The Meaning of Tradition and Secrecy for Magical Practitioners in the 21st Century: Results of an Interview Study
Authors: Mayer Gerhard 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article addresses the question of the significance of tradition and secrecy for magical practitioners from various occult groups of the twenty-first century. The observations are based upon the results of an interview study alongside an analysis of contemporary literature concerning the practice of magic. The significance which is attached to the “occult” tradition, the transmission of esoteric knowledge and the figure of the person teaching this knowledge correlates very strongly with the spiritual alignment of the magical practice. This is especially pronounced among mystery schools which are oriented towards “white magic”. These concepts, however, play only a relatively marginal role. The same is not true with regard to aspects of secrets and secrecy. Although the distinct influence of a postmodern relativisation can be ascertained here, secrecy nevertheless remains significant in both theory and practice. The social functionality of secrecy such as was characteristic of the secret societies of the Enlightenment can, however, no longer be taken for granted. In this regard, the cultural situation of the twenty-first century has changed too much.
Theological Lying and Religious Radicalism in Anderson's Constitutions Mensonge théologique et radicalisme religieux dans les Constitutions d'Anderson
Authors: Chakmakjian Pauline 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCet article fait état des difficultés que pose le terme “déisme” à propos de la franc-maçonnerie, et propose une analyse des cinq éditions, très importantes, des Constitutions d'Anderson. L'auteur pose la question de savoir si certaines éditions constituent des mensonges théologiques – un mensonge théologique signifiant qu'un écrivain, au dix-huitième siècle, éprouve une sorte de crainte ou de résistance à révéler ses positions réelles en matière de religion. Dans les milieux maçonniques d'alors, il est possible que ce procédé vise à dissimuler la différence séparant les membres de la franc-maçonnerie qui vraiment croient en Dieu, et ceux qui sont athées. Même si telle ou telle édition est un exemple de mensonge théologique, on peut considérer la francmaçonnerie du dix-huitième siècle comme une forme de radicalisme religieux.
Two Aspects of Hindu Social Life and Thought, as Reflected in the Works of Tulsidas
Authors: Chandra Savitri 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTulsi (d. 1623) lived and composed his works 1) in an age in which society and politics had acquired a certain measure of stability after a long period of flux and uncertainty. During the preceding period, a number of saints and thinkers had denounced the institution of caste. Nevertheless, caste still had a considerable hold on the masses, and was considered a vital element of Hindu society by the orthodox. Tulsi attempted to synthesize the prevailing ideas in a framework which would, while rejecting the worst iniquities of the caste system, be acceptable to the powerfully entrenched orthodox elements in Hindu society. This task was not an easy one and, in attempting it, Tulsi sometimes takes up contradictory positions.
Bringing Context Into Focus: Parallels i n tHe Psychology of Attention and the Philosophy of Science
Authors: Sven Arvidson P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the experimental psychology of attention, the phenomenon of attentional context has been underappreciated, while focal attention has taken center stage. Similar problems of context are found in certain realist arguments in .the philosophy of science. Through the lens of Aron Gurwitsch's phenomenology of attention, this paper discusses and evaluates the ways in which context is or is not brought into focus in experimental psychology and the philosophy of science. It concludes that recent developments in both realms show promise. Also some ways are indicated in which phenomenology, experimental psychology, and philosophy of science can benefit from each other.
Sex Objects and Sexual Objectification: Erotic Versus Pornographic Depiction
Authors: Dillon M.C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIf desire is conceived as investment in a sex object, why is sexual objectification regarded as intrinsically degrading? The distinction between the "objectification " of pornographic depiction and the "beauty " of erotic depiction can be understood as a difference in degree between the uni-dimensional enframing of one treatment and the multidimensional enframing of the other. The phenomenon of context includes the anticipations of the participating witnesses: the object of pornographic or erotic depiction cannot be isolated from the posture, situation, and desire of the persons participating in the revelation. Erotic depiction which strives to represent the full range of structures, connections, and relationships constitutive of sexlove-that is, forms of mimesis that elaborate the horizons of erotic encounter, that seek to contextualize the intertwining of flesh rather than focus on the slappings of meat-might well meet the most discerning standards of artistic production.
Merleau-Ponty's Account of the Perception of Speech and Luria's Description of Semantic Aphasia
Authors: Wait Eldon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOur objective is to corroborate Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of speech perception and intersubjectivity through an analysis of A. R. Luria's account of semantic aphasia. By emulating Merleau-Ponty's style of analysis in dealing with the work of a contemporary leader in the field of aphasiology, we are able to take up Merleau-Ponty's thought and test whether his conclusions are inevitable or whether they are based on outmoded problems of the psychology and psychopathology of his day. These reflections also enable us to present arguments against both the assumptions of the natural attitude, as well as those of transcendental phenomenology, and so enable us to cast some light on the relation between existential phenomenology and empirical research. By contrasting aphasic and normal perception, we intend to show that ultimately even the aphasiologist is able to characterize aphasic perception only in terms of the aphasic's loss of an "openness" to meanings present in the uttered sounds. We argue that this notion of openness, like that of Merleau-Ponty's notion of "perceptual faith, " requires the reduction but also points to the impossibility of a complete reduction.
Binswanger & Schapp: Existential Analysis or Narrative Analysis?
Authors: Azorin J.M. , Wieder Catherine , Naudin J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBinszuanger's Daseinsanalyse is, first and foremost, an attempt to explain the close links that may exist between how to understand, interpret, and experience. To achieve this goal, it constantly evolves through a to and fro movement between two kinds of thought processes, that is, Husserl's and Heidegger's. It sways around the central question of living connections that take place between the experiences within the intimate "(hi)stories" of one's life and the very same connections between my own experience and that of the other person. Of course, it runs into the problem of misunderstanding, which is typical of that very process and comes back whenever one is confronted by a theory of perception. The present authors question once again such an ontological primacy with reference to Wilhelm Schapp's philosophy. According to the latter, (hi)story and not perception comes first. Things are valid only because they surge within one's (hi)story, and it is (hi)story that holds person's seat. The person thus becomes described as being entangled amidst (hi)stories. The authors show that one can cast a new light on Binswanger's project by following Schapp on a narrative level: Connections living through experiences are connections between (hi)stories. The encounter with the psychiatric patient is understood in terms of mutual "entanglement. " Such a point of view leads the authors to analyze existential analysis through the new criteria of a strictly narrative analysis.
Imaginative Play in Child Psychotherapy: the Relevance of Merleau-Ponty's Thought
Authors: Mook Bertha 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a marked increase in the use of imaginative play in child psychotherapy, yet the theoretical conceptualization of the meaning of play is lacking behind its application in practice. In search of a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of imaginative play, the author turns to Merleau-Ponty's ontology and to his phenomenology of structure, of the lived body, of perception, and of expression. In light of his work, play is an embodied mode of being in the world and a body-world phenomenon. Imaginative play in particular exemplifies the human order in that it enables the child to create and re-create his own meanings within his play world. In a therapeutic context, the evocation of play imagery and the expressive shaping and reshaping of play meanings lead to surprising insights and new discoveries relevant to the child's life-world. A central therapeutic value of imaginative play lies in its promise for facilitating change and healing. A clinical case illustration of a young boy is provided, and the meaning of his imaginative play is exemplified in light of Merleau-Ponty's thought. Some implications are drawn for the theory of play in child psychotherapy.
Arabic, Qur'ānic Speech and Postmodern Language. What the Qur'ān Simply Says
Authors: Achrati Ahmed 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIbn Warraq has recently compiled two books, one on Muhammad, the other on the Qur'ān. His stated aim is to show that “Muslims need new scientific research into the Qur'ān, and a reexamination of the Qur'ānic message and its meaning in the 21st century” (Ibn Warraq, 2002, p. 59). But his massive anthologizing of old material is remarkable only for its copious display of a humanistic thinking, and the unquestioned commitment to the totalizing rationalism of modern enlightenment. While the hermeneutical approach of this essay explores possible ways of appropriating postmodern strategies for the purpose of understanding the Qur'ān, it also underscores the violence in Ibn Warraq's proposed literary criticism, and its roots in the metaphysics of the letter, and the cultic attachment to the graph.
Sodomie et masculinité chez les juristes musulmans du IXe au XIe siècle
Authors: Mezziane Mohammed 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe regulation of masculine and feminine sexuality by the Classic Muslim law doesn't respond to moral or procreation concerns, nor even to preservation of an hypothetical “Natural order”. It responds, rather, to the preservation of social order. Therefore, different punishments against sexual transgressions are thought to being strictly applied with harm degree that those transgressions produce. The present article presents this thesis in the context of two axes : the links between fisq, space and sexuality and the relationships between masculinity and sexuality. La régulation de la sexualité masculine et féminine par le droit musulman classique n'obéit pas à des préoccupations de morale, de préservation d'un hypothétique «ordre naturel» ou même de la perpétuation de l'espèce, mais à la préservation de l'ordre public. À ce titre, les divers châtiments prévus contre les transgressions sexuelles sont conçus pour être appliqués en lien étroit avec le degré de nuisance qu'ils génèrent. Le présent article présente cette thèse dans le cadre de deux hypothèses : le lien entre fisq, espace et sexualité ; le lien entre masculinité et sexualité.
La Grammaire à bAgdad Du IXe Au XIIIe Siècle
Authors: Troupeau Gérard 
Published: July 2008

AbstractÀ LA fin de son recueil de biographies des grammairiens de Basra et de Kùfa, Abu l-Tayyib al-Lugawi (m. 962) porte ce jugement sur la capitale 'abbàside : « Quant à Bagdad, c'est une ville de royauté et ce n'est pas une ville de science ; la science qu'on y trouve y a été transportée et importée pour les califes », et il précise ailleurs : « La science fut transportée à Bagdad que les gens de Kûfa dominèrent ; ils enseignèrent le hadit aux rois qui les mirent en avant ». De fait, il est exact que les premiers grammairiens que l'on rencontre à Bagdad, au VIIIe siècle, sont des hommes de Kufa attirés vers la capitale par la cour 'abbaside : d'abord al-Kisa'i (m. 805), précepteur des fils de Harun al-Rasid, puis son élève al-Farrà' (m. 822), précepteur des fils d'al-Ma'mun. Il est donc permis de penser que c'est à Bagdad, où nous savons qu'il résidait la plus grande partie de l'année, qu'al-Farra' dicta le K. Hudud al-nahw à un groupe d'élèves dont les trois principaux, Ibn Qàdim, al-Tuwàl et Salama ibn 'Asim, furent les maîtres de Ta 'lab, le premier grammairien originaire de Bagdàd.
La Poésie Arabe Au 'Iraq Et à bAgdad Jusqu'à ma 'Ruf Al-Rusafi
Authors: Blachère Régis 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA VEC le recul du temps, le 'Iràq et Bagdâd nous paraissent avoir joué un rôle déterminant dans la formation et le développement de la poésie arabe. Comme ce rôle a varié selon les époques, en fonction de facteurs internes et externes, on est appelé à distinguer plusieurs périodes au cours du millénaire dont l'exposé nous est ici imparti.
Kamma and Forgiveness with some Thoughts on Cambodia
Authors: van Oosten Karel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this article, I give some notes on kamma and forgiveness. The doctrines of kamma and forgiveness or grace are central notions in Buddhism and Christianity, and contrary to what looks different at first sight, they may show similarities in terms of 'salvation'. In the first paragraph, I explain, to a very limited extent, the concept of kamma in Theravada Buddhist tradition. In the second paragraph, I maintain that comparing kamma and grace is not correct, but that a comparison between meditation and grace could be more promising. In the third paragraph, narratives from the Pali canon illustrate Buddhist notions that show similarity to forgiveness. The possibility of a royal pardon is the theme of the fourth paragraph. The last paragraph hints at the possible relevance of the thoughts developed in this article for the Khmer Rouge Tribunal and gives some additional food for further thinking.
Missionary Challenges Faced by the First African Church Leaders in Cameroon and Ghana
Authors: Fossouo Pascal 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe practice of the Christian faith in Ghana and Cameroon changes in details according to the leaders exercising power in church and in the religious traditional system of government known as Sacral Rule. African church leaders were expected to show more understanding in affirming African tradition or in undermining white missionaries' attitudes, thought and rules. They were called to fill the omissions of their predecessors and to solve the problem of spiritual emptiness of the modern state bequeathed to Africa by the colonial practices. More of all, African leaders have to manage the presence of people with dual responsibility in Church as well as in the traditional African system of government.
Up, Up Jesus! Down, Down Satan! African Religiosity in the former Soviet Bloc — the Embassy of the Blessed Kingdom of God for All Nations
Authors: Adogame Afe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAfrican religions are increasingly engaging the diaspora as new abodes and promising 'mission fields' particularly in the last decades. At least two genres of Christian movements can be clearly mapped: those existing as branches of mother churches headquartered in Africa; and those founded by new African immigrants with headquarters in diaspora, from where they are expanding within and back to Africa and elsewhere. The paper deals with an example of the second category, the Embassy of the Blessed Kingdom of God for All Nations founded in Ukraine by Nigerian-born Sunday Adelaja. While virtually all new African churches in diaspora seem to be dominated by African immigrants, the 'Embassy of God' is an exception with a non-African membership majority. We map its demography and social-ethnic composition, and examine to what extent their belief and ritual system appeal to a population that was until recently home to essentially communist ideas and worldview. We explore how the church is gradually inserting itself in new geo-cultural contexts as well as reconfiguring public roles. It shows how the leader's complex peregrinations demonstrate one instance of religious transnationalization of African churches in diaspora.
Trained Volunteer-Delivered Mental Health Support To Those Bereaved By Asian Tsunami — An Evaluation
Authors: Vijayakumar L. , Suresh Kumar M. 
Published: July 2008

Introduction: While mental health consequences following the Asian December 2004 tsunami have been studied, its impact on the survivors who lost close family members deserves attention. We investigated the usefulness of trained volunteer-delivered mental health support for the bereaved persons. Method: Non-randomized control design involving all adults aged 18 years or above who lost at least one close family member during tsunami from two geographically different coastal areas in Chennai, India. From the intervention and control sites, 45 and 57 participants were recruited respectively for the study. One year after baseline assessment, all 102 participants in intervention and control sites were interviewed. Results: Participants receiving interventions on a consistent basis from trained volunteers were less likely to report depressive symptoms and general psychological distress compared with participants who did not receive the above intervention. Regression analysis for predicting the effect of intervention on the difference between the baseline and follow-up in BDI as well as GHQ scores, found a significant association between intervention and the improvement in BDI (adjusted β ( SE): —0.53 (2.44); p = 0.000) and GHQ (adjusted β ( SE): —0.52 (1.81); p = 0.001) scores. Suicidal attempts were also significantly less in the intervention group (FET p = 0.02). Conclusion: In settings where mental health professionals are limited in number, trained lay volunteers can offer empathetic listening, support and referrals that can be potentially beneficial.
Online Video Game Therapy for Mental Health Concerns: A Review
Authors: Wilkinson Nathan , Ang Rebecca P. , Goh Dion H. 
Published: July 2008

Background: There has been research on the use of offline video games for therapeutic purposes but online video game therapy is still fairly under-researched. Online therapeutic interventions have only recently included a gaming component. Hence, this review represents a timely first step toward taking advantage of these recent technological and cultural innovations, particularly for the treatment of special-needs groups such as the young, the elderly and people with various conditions such as ADHD, anxiety and autism spectrum disorders. Material: A review integrating research findings on two technological advances was conducted: the home computer boom of the 1980s, which triggered a flood of research on therapeutic video games for the treatment of various mental health conditions; and the rise of the internet in the 1990s, which caused computers to be seen as conduits for therapeutic interaction rather than replacements for the therapist. Discussion: We discuss how video games and the internet can now be combined in therapeutic interventions, as attested by a consideration of pioneering studies. Conclusion: Future research into online video game therapy for mental health concerns might focus on two broad types of game: simple society games, which are accessible and enjoyable to players of all ages, and online worlds, which offer a unique opportunity for narrative content and immersive remote interaction with therapists and fellow patients. Both genres might be used for assessment and training purposes, and provide an unlimited platform for social interaction. The mental health community can benefit from more collaborative efforts between therapists and engineers, making such innovations a reality.
Writing fieldnotes in an ethnographic study of peers – collaborative experiences from the field
Authors: Condell Sarah L 
Published: July 2008

Abstract Fieldnotes and their processes tend to be implicit endeavours in the nursing and midwifery literature. The opportunity, therefore, to build an understanding of the social practice of this part of the research process is lost. This paper explores fieldnote generation in an ethnographic doctoral study examining the building of research capacity. Ethnographers claim that data is generated collaboratively. In this study, data was collected from two fields of ‘peers’. First data set contained 50 h of observation with doctoral research fellows, and the second data set contained 2 years diary recording of a nurse working in a national research funding agency. The paper shows that the levels of collaboration in constructing the ethnographic data can depend on the field itself, the stance of the researcher and the willingness of peer participants.
Searching one’s self: the autoethnography of a nurse teacher
Authors: Wright Jane 
Published: July 2008

Abstract This paper gives an example of the autoethnographic approach to research by examining the life of the author. The account considers her creative identity as a female nurse and life long learner from a white, middle class Northern Irish background. Autoethnography is a relatively new, and controversial, area of research. This paper evaluates the validity of the method with reference to nursing and nurse education. It concludes that autoethnography is a useful research tool, which provides personal insights, which can provide meaning to others. This is particularly true when creative methods of expression are harnessed.