bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF CONGENITAL APLASTIC ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH INTENSIVE HYPOPLASIA OF THYMUS GLAND*
Authors: Utsumi Kunisuke , Kuribayashi Nobuo 
Published: December 2008

The authors have reported an autopsy case of congenital aplastic anemia associated with intensive hypoplasia of thymus gland and treated with a large amount of fresh blood transfusion and corticosteroids.There were complete fatty change of the bone marrows, intensive general anemia and hemorrhagic diathesis, intensive hypoplasia of the thymus gland, marked atrophy of the spleen, lymph nodes and other lymphatic tissues, and calcified foci with hemorrhagic softening of the brain.As to the pathogenesis, a close similarity of the present case with those reported by De Vaal, Hitzig and Gitlin was pointed out. The authors regard that there is an undeniable close relation between congenital aplastic anemia and thymic hypoplasia.
HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION: ELECTRON AND LIGHT MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE PAROTID GLANDS OF AN AUTOPSY CASE
Authors: Kawanishi Hidenori , Takeda Toshio , Matsumoto Masao 
Published: December 2008

HCMV infection in the parotid gland removed at autopsy from a 5‐month‐old male infant with generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease was investigated electron‐ and light‐ microscopically, and virus invasion, synthesis and release in the host cell were described and compared with the results of in vivo experiments previously reported.In the infected nucleus several types of inclusions were formed, and a virus‐synthesizing matrix was seen to produce numerous developmental forms of the virus, usually with, but infrequently without, a variable core. Three unusual structures were seen in the nucleus of cytomegalic inclusion cells! tortuous strings, bamboo‐like virus‐synthesizing bodies and intranuclear sacs containing vesicles. The coat of mature HCMV in the cytoplasm appeared to be a triple‐layered structure. The release of viruses into the parotid glandular lumen occurred by emiocytosis.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL ZONATION OF THE HUMAN ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Kawaoi Akira 
Published: December 2008

Electron microscopic observations of sections from adrenal cortex obtained from a twenty‐four‐year‐old male with hypertension were made. In the zona glomerulosa the cells showed a large nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio. The mitochondria had a dark matrix and plate‐like inner structure. The agranular endoplasmic reticulum revealed a close association with lipid granules. The Golgi apparatus was prominent and frequently accompanied by centrioles. Free ribosomes were abundant. The zona fasciculata can be subdivided into two layers. In the outer layer the cells are characterized by numerous large lipid granules. Two kinds of mitochondria are discernible; one with a pale matrix and tubulo‐vesicular or vesicular inner structure and the other with a dark matrix and tubulo‐vesicular or lamelllform cristae. In the inner zona fasciculata and reticularis there are two types of cells besides the dark cells. The type 1 cells have a compact cytoplasm, elliptic or irregularly shaped mitochondria with a dark matrix and tubulo‐vesicular or vesicular internal structure. The type 2 cells are large and ovoid, having a clear transparent cytoplasm. The mitochondria are numerous having a clear matrix and almost exclusively vesicular inner elements. Abundance in agranular endoplasmic reticulum, decreased lipid granules, and cytoplasmic incisions are common in both the inner fasciculata and reticularis. In addition the zona reticularis is characterized by increased number of dark cells, numerous pigment bodies, and the appearance of huge mitochondria.On the basis of these observation were discussed the significance of the organelles in steroid biosynthesis, mode of hormone secretion, and cyto‐genesls in the adrenal cortex.
IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON LOCAL VASCULAR CHANGES AFTER IMMUNOLOGICAL TISSUE INJURIES
Authors: Masugi Yozo 
Published: December 2008

Immunoelectron microscopic study on the interaction between the immune complexes and the local vascular components in nephrotoxic nephritis and ARTHUS type skin reaction was carried out. Conventional histologic and fluorescent antibody observations were also made for reference.The mechanism of the beginning and progression of nephrotoxic nephritis was as follows: The initial binding of heterologous anti‐kidney antibodies to the intrarenal antigenic determinants, which were supposed to be concentrated mainly along the laminae densae of the glomerular basement membranes and partially in the mesangial matrices, and followed by gradually increased incorporation of complement β1c‐components. The hitherto formed immune complexes then appeared in the lamina rarae int. of the basement membranes and in the mesangial areas by non‐immunological transportation and deposition. The successive interactions between the immune complexes and the mesangial cells were assumed to be the essential factor to generate varied features of morphological alterations in the mesangial areas and in other glomerular components.Although this mechanism at the mesangial level had much similarity with the interaction between the deposited immune complexes and the pericytes of the target blood vessels in vasculitis of the AKTHUS type, the causative factor of continuated inflammatory reactions in the glomeruli of the nephrotoxic nephritis were discussed from both immunological and morphological points. ACTA PATH. JAP. 19: 265˜281, 1969.
RENAL PAPILLARY NECROSIS IN THE NEWBORN REPORT OF THREE CASES WITH AUTOPSY FINDINGS and REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Wataxabe Shaw , Sakacuchi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

Three cases of papillary necrosis in newborn infants are reported. In each instance the necrosis was associated with severe icterus with elevated concentrations of indirect‐reacting bilirubin. Common clinical symptoms of these cases were, in addition to icterus, oliguria, anuria, and/ or hematuria. Rapid elevation of serum N.P.N, was observed.Thirty‐three reported cases of this rare condition have been reviewed, including twenty‐four in the newborn.Renal papillary necrosis may be caused by altered blood flow in the renal medulla. Deposition of high concentrations of bilirubin in the tubular epithelium of the renal medulla may act as a trigger of the lesion. ACTA PATH. JAP. 19: 419˜431, 1969.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MICROLITHIASIS ALVEOLARIS PULMONUM WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO ELASTOSIS IN LUNG TISSUE—
Authors: Hotchi Masao , Nasu Tsuyoshi , Mihara Hirotoshi 
Published: December 2008

The second autopsy case of microlithiasis alveolaris pulmonum in our country was discussed. This case had no familial back‐ground or genetic predisposition for the disease and followed an almost asymptomatic course for 13 years since abnormal shadow of chest was revealed radio‐logically.Of interest in this case in the deposition observed microscopically of the same substance in alveolar walls or in the interstitium as the ground substance of intra‐alveolar microlith, which was probably responsible for the irregular elastosis.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA‐SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS IN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OF MAN AND ANIMALS
Authors: Takebayashi Shigeo , Kamio Akinori , Kubota Isamu , Tauba Seiya 
Published: December 2008

In various arterial lesions including atherosclerotic lesions, the main morphological change involves smooth muscle cells. The potential sensitivity is different among the arterial smooth muscle cells, venous smooth muscle cells and smooth muscle cells of other organs. The modified smooth muscle cells characterized by the increase of rough endoplasmic reticula are considered to express their latent ability to synthesize collagen fibers, elastic fibers and other ground substances.The foam cells noted in atherosclerosis and fatty streak consist of lipid accumulated smooth muscle cells and hematogenous macrophages. Lipid metabolism and synthesis in the latter differ from those in the former. The ratio of the two kinds of foam cells in atheroma or fatty streak varies by the stage of the lesion.It is possible to suppose that there exists a factor which would selectively attack the media smooth muscle cells of small arteries or arterioles. This is observed electron microscopically as focal cytoplasmic necrosis (cytoplasmolysis) of smooth muscle cells and plays an important role in the histogenesis of fibrinoid necrosis.In case of experimental periarteritis nodosa the early stage begins with cytoplasmolysis of smooth muscle cells and marked increase of rough endoplasmic reticula in adjacent smooth muscle cells.
CHÉDIAK‐HIGASHI SYNDROME: REPORT OF A CASE WITH AUTOPSY AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES*
Authors: Ito Jishu , Tokumaru Minora , Okazaki Tomio 
Published: December 2008

A case of a 6‐month‐old boy with Chédiak‐Higashi syndrome was studied by autopsy and electron microscopy. Electron microscopy of leukocytes from peripheral blood and bone marrow indicated that the abnormal intracytoplasmic granules or vacuoles identifiable in light microscopy fell into 3 categories; (1) giant lysosomes; (2) autophagic vacuoles; and (3) phagocytized cells. These observations may support the recent concept that Chédiak‐Higashi syndrome is a possible lysosomal disease.Autopsy revealed various tissues of the patient infiltrated by histiocytic reticulum cells and lymphocytes, and unusual findings including an infiltration of these cells in and around the splenic trabecular veins and brain vessels as well as multifocal collections of the histiocytic cells in the brain. The histological feature of these infiltrates may represent a reactive type of histiocytic reticulosis or lympho‐histiocytosis, probably secondary to some metabolic disorder to which lysosomal dysfunctions may play an important role.
STUDIES ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES OF GUINEA PIGS AGAINST VARIOUS FOREIGN MATERIALS USING THE “AGAR BULLET” METHOP
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

The reaction mode of the intraperitoneal cells of guinea pigs both to protein materials and to non‐protein materials has been studied, paying special attention to their molecular weights.In both groups of guinea pigs, non‐sensitized and sensitized with albumin or gamma globulin, the reaction of the intraperitoneal cells including neutrophilic leukocytes could be seen in the center sticks of the bullets mixed with bovine gamma globulin, polyvinyl pyrolidone (P.V.P.) and dextran whose molecular weights were more than 100,000. On the contrary, the cellular reaction could not be seen in the center stick of the bullets mixed with albumin and P.V.P. and dextran whose molecular weights were less than 100,000.As the results of our experiments, it has been clarified that the molecular weight of the foreign body with antigenecity has a tremendous influence on the reaction of the peritoneal cells, and that the so ‐ called cell bound antibody does not cause the reaction by itself.
STUDIES ON THE ANTIBODY FORMATION OF THE CULTURED OMENTUM CELLS USING HEMOLYTIC PLAQUE METHOD
Authors: Kasahara Masao , Yamaguchi Hisao , Kageyama Keizo 
Published: December 2008

With the results obtained with our experimental procedures, agar hemolytic plaque formation was demonstrated in the cultured omentum cells of both non‐sensitized and sensitized guinea pigs, administrated sheep red cells in vitro.This experiment provides evidence for antibody formation in the cultured omentum cells.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE ENDOTHELIUM IN LUNG WITH ADMINISTRATION OF SOLUBLE IMMUNE COMPLEXES
Authors: Yamaguchi Hisao , Torikata Chikao , Takeuchi Hiroshi , Kageyama Keizo 
Published: December 2008

The morphological changes of the capillary endothelium in lung have been studied with administration of soluble immune complexes.With the administration of soluble immune complexes, there were noted vacuolarisation, lift‐up phenomenon, arcade formation and subendo‐thelial edema of pulmonary capillaries.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THREE CASES ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Nagai Kazunori , Sugiyama Yoshihiko , Hosaka Tsuyoshi , Takaya Hikoichiro 
Published: December 2008

Five autopsy cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, including 3 cases associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia, were examined macroscopically, light‐and electronmicroscopically.The so‐called hyaline thrombi In thrombotic microangiopathy were composed of fibrin and its degenerative products. Thrombocytes and other blood cells were not seen in the thrombi.At the site of the formation of a thrombus, there was no conspicuous change in the walls of the capillaries and arterioles. It was considered, therefore, that the intravascular deposition of fibrin was the primary event in the development of thrombotic microangiopathy.In regard to the distribution and morphologic findings, there was no basic difference between the microthrombi in cases associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia and those without it.The bone marrow and some other organs in cases of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia macroscopically revealed a green colour. Many thrombi composed of leukaemic cells and fibrin were found in the pulmonary arteries of these cases. Furthermore, prominent erythrophagocytosis in the bone marrow and lymph nodes was a common finding in these cases.
PATHOLOGY OF INTRACORTICAL NODULES IN RAT ADRENAL GLANDS, ESPECIALLY ON THEIR FINE‐STRUCTURE
Authors: Sugihara Hajime , Kawai Kioko , Tsuchiyama Hideo 
Published: December 2008

Intracortical nodules in the zona fasciculata of rat adrenal glands were studied electron microscopically and histochemically. The nodules were classified into the following three types. A) Hyperplastic small cell type having numerous elongated mitochondria with vesicular cristae. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased in this type of nodule. B) Hypertrophic large cell type having well developed smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and occasionally forming a characteristic feature of fenestrated cisterna. Histochemical activity of steroid 3/3‐ol dehydrogenase was increased. These morphological appearances suggest that this type of nodule has a greater capacity for steroid synthesis. C) Lipid droplet type having many mitochondria containing lamellar cristae and intramltochondrial deposits often found near large lipid vacuoles. The activity of secondary alcohol dehydrogenase was generally increased.Structural and cellular relationships among these three types of nodule and the pathogenesis of cortical adenomatous nodule were also discussed.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE MYOCARDIUM OF DOGS IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK
Authors: Kajihara Hiroki , Hara Hiroshi , Seyama Shinichi , Iijima Soichi , Yoshidoa Masao 
Published: December 2008

Morphologic change of the myocardium of the dog were observed in oligemic and normovolemic shock produced by Wiggers' standard method.Subendocardial hemorrhages, usually superficial and located mostly in the ventricular aspect of the septum, were remarkable in the normovolemic shock group, but rare in the oligemic shock group. The zonal lesion appeared in the early period of oligemic shock becoming more apparent with lapse of time. Ultrastructural studies revealed some differences of the findings of the zonal lesion between oligemic and normovolemic shock. In oligemic shock, the zonal lesion was identical to the supercontraction of myofilaments and dislocation of mitochondria. Supercontraction of myofibrils was usually unilateral, and herniation of damaged myocytes was frequently noticed in the unilateral lesion. In the normovolemic shock, supercontracted areas near the intercalated disc were usually stretched and the myofilaments became irregular in arrangement. In addition, the accumulation of glycogen granules and presence of clear flocculent areas were observed in the cytoplasm of some myocardial cells.Cell edema, swelling and destruction of mitochondria and contraction bands were found in the damaged myocyte, especially in the terminal stage of normovolemic shock. Swelling of the capillary endothelial cell was already observed in the early period of oligemic shock. In addition, the pathogenesis of the zonal lesion and the mechanism of cardiac depression in hemorrhagic shock were discussed.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ON THE HUMAN GASTRIC MUCOSA; FETAL, NORMAL AND VARIOUS PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Takagi Toshihiko , Takebayashi Shigeo , Tokuyasu Kiyoaki , Tsuji Kooichi 
Published: December 2008

Scanning electron microscopy was applied on the human gastric mucosa obtained from 30 cases including fetuses in order to examine its normal and pathological conditions (atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, regenerated epithelium around an ulcer, gastric polyp, and differentiated and undifferentiated carcinoma).Tissue preparation for scanning electron microscopy of the gastric mucosa was also studied.
A STUDY ON SO‐CALLED SPLENIC AGENESIS SYNDROME–PATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF TWENTY SEVEN AUTOPSY CASES
Authors: Okayasu Isao , Mori Wataru , Kajita Akira 
Published: December 2008

A collection of 27 autopsy cases of so‐called splenic agenesis syndrome which consisted of asplenia, severe cardiovascular malformations, and situs inversus or heterotaxia (partial or total) was studied.The result of analysis of those characteristic cardiovascular anomalies and abnormal symmetry with right‐ sidedness of the visceral organs suggested that it would be quite reasonable to use the term splenic agenesis syndrome, to some extent. Classification into two types; complete (splenic agenesis with cardiovascular anomalies and abdominal heterotaxy) and incomplete (with one of cardiovascular anomalies or abdominal heterotaxy) also seemed to be useful. Secondary changes included marked fibrous thickening of the small pulmonary artery intima or thrombus formation due to stenosis or atresia of the pulmonary trunk, and various alterations in liver, kidney, and other organs, which seemed to correspond to the finding by so‐called morbus caeruleus.As the possible reaction compensating the congenital asplenic condition, multiple lymph follicles of various stages were found in the bone marrow of the older age group, although no significant tendency of hyper‐ or hypoplasia was detected in the peripheral lymph apparatus including lymph nodes.
SCIRRHOUS CARCINOMA OCCURRING IN THE CORPUS (BODY) OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Nagayo Takeo , Yokoyama Hideyoshi 
Published: December 2008

One hundred and fourty‐three cases of scirrhous cancer originating in the body of the stomach were examined histologically. The number corresponded to 4.2% of gastric cancer, 28.0% of scirrhous gastric cancers and 19.2% gastric cancers originating in the body of the stomach. From 30 to 60 years of age, there were twice as many female as male patients in every age decade.From gross appearances of the lesions, the scirrhous cancers were classified Into 1) Giant Fold Type and 2) Eroded Type. Both changes were seen, more or less, in the affected mucosae of all cases. The Giant Fold Type was seen mainly In the mucosa of the side walls or of the greater curvature, while the Eroded Type was more often seen In the mucosa of the lesser curvature or its neighboring area.Histologically, all cancerous lesions showed the picture of moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with accompanying signet‐ring cells and evidence was obtained that the eroded or ulcerated area was the original site of the cancerisation. The giant folds resulted from reactive hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa to the diffuse intramural fibrosis caused by wide‐spread infiltration of the cancer cells. The cancerous foci of 42 cases of early cancer all showed a small erosion or shallow ulcer and were histologically composed of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Scars which were covered by regenerating epithelia, were found in 4 cases, but these changes were thought to be secondary In nature.
RETINAL DYSPLASIA: A REPORT OF TWO SURGICAL CASES
Authors: Kaku Tamehiro , Sasai Kazuhiko , Nagamine Yoshiaki , Takahashi Manabu 
Published: December 2008

Two surgical cases of retinal dysplasia are reported. The one is unilateral (left‐sided) with microphthalmus and the other bilateral. Chromosome test in the latter case showed no abnormality. In both cases the left eye was enucleated under the clinical diagnosis of retinoblastoma. There was a mass of loose connective tissue behind the lens which was covered by a completely detached retina. Histological examination revealed the presence of branching tubes of primitive retinal structure and large rosettes.The use of the term retinal dysplasia in distinction from Reese's syndrome is mentioned and some morphological characteristics of primitive retinal structure are described.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF ACTOMYOSIN‐CONTAINING (MYOEPITHELIAL) CELLS IN NON‐NEOPLASTIC AND NEOPLASTIC TISSUES
Authors: Sasadaira Hidekazu , Kameya Toru , Shimosato Yukio , Baba Kensuke , Amemiya Ryuta 
Published: December 2008

Actomyosin‐containing cells in both non‐neoplastic and neoplastic tissues of the salivary gland, lung, breast and some other organs were studied by immunofluorescent microscopy using antiactomyosin rabbit serum. In the breast, myoepithelial‐like cells with positive immunofluorescence in the cytoplasm were observed not only in sclerosing adenosis and fibroadenoma but also in scirrhousgand medullary‐tubular duct carcinomas. No positive cells were observed in medullary carcinomas with lymphoid infiltration. The actomyosin positive cells were also seen at the outer layer of tubules of “mixed tumors” and of cell nests in adenoid cystic carcinoma and in myoepithelioma of the salivary gland, but not in the metaplastic squamous cells or in the cells of myxomatous and chondroid areas of “mixed tumor”. In carcinoma of the lung, actomyosin‐positive cells were observed in adenoid cystic carcinomas and adenocarcinoma of the bronchial gland type, but they were not seen in squamous cell carcinomas or papillary adenocarcinomas.It was concluded that the actomysoin‐containing cells with structural appearances of myoepithelial cells in a variety of tumors were neoplastic myoepithelial cells.
Transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: A comparative study
Authors: Taue Ryuichi , Izaki Hirofumi , Koizumi Takahiro , Kishimoto Tomoteru , Oka Natsuo , Fukumori Tomoharu , Takahashi Masayuki , Kanayama Hiro‐omi 
Published: December 2008

Objectives:  To compare perioperative outcome of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches during laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and to identify selection criteria for each approach.Methods:  Over a 7‐year period, 100 consecutive patients (median age 62 years, range 20–80) underwent LRN for a renal tumor with clinical stage T1a–T3a. The first choice approach was retroperitoneal. The transperitoneal approach was chosen in selected cases based on tumor characteristics. Thirty‐three patients underwent the transperitoneal approach, and 67 had the retroperitoneal approach. Perioperative parameters including operative time, blood loss and complications and pathology data were retrospectively analyzed.Results:  Overall, 33 transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomies (TLRN) and 67 retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomies (RLRN) were carried out. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of size (5.3 vs 3.0 cm, P < 0.0001) and clinical T stage (higher in the TLRN group, P < 0.0001) of the tumors. Intraoperative complications included bradycardia, pneumothorax, renal vein injury, and renal artery injury in the TLRN group, and pneumothorax in the RLRN group. There were no differences in terms of operative time, blood loss and tumor grade between the two groups.Conclusions:  Retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches yielded excellent surgical outcomes. The transperitoneal approach should be chosen based on tumor size and location to minimize vascular injury.