bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potassium‐magnesium antagonism in soils and crops
Authors: Welte E. , Werner W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAfter a general review of the most important antagonisms between magnesium and other cations, some special results from intensive pot experiments concerning the K/Mg antagonism are discussed. It is shown that it is only in soils absolutely deficient in Mg that the K/Mg antagonism has to be considered in respect to practical fertilisation. It is important to correct a deficiency in soil‐magnesium by application of magnesium fertiliser.
Soil and herbage potassium levels in relation to yield
Authors: Hemingway R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResults are given in respect of dry matter yields and potassium contents of an experiment where herbage was cut four times per annum over a three‐year period. A combination of nitrogen and potassium was essential for maintaining yields and 2 cwt. of muriate of potash/annum was not fully adequate if 12 cwt. of ammonium sulphate were applied each year. Additions of potassium to depleted plots in the third year of the experiment produced large and rapid improvements in yield.Progressive removals of potassium in the cut herbage were reflected in corresponding falls in exchangeable soil potassium. The mean release of non‐exchangeable potassium over the three‐year period was 2.7 mg./100 g. of soil which was only 22% of the initial exchangeable potassium value.Potassium concentrations in the herbage fell to as low as 0.4% K on the plots receiving nitrogen only and to about 1.1% K where nitrogen and potassium were given. The progressive falls in concentrations of the herbage potassium were related to the cumulative removals of potassium in the cut herbage for these treatments, but not for those plots which had received either no fertiliser or potassium only.
Some effects of different soils on composition and growth of sugar beet
Authors: Goodman P. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPlants from plots with different soil type and with and without nitrogenous fertiliser were harvested at 2–4 weekly intervals during 1960 and 1961 and analysed for N, P, K and Na.The uptake and distribution of the elements are discussed in relation to the yields obtained on the different soils. The effect of nutrients on yield was exercised to a large extent through leaf area duration. The yield of different centres and years was closely related to N‐supply as measured by N‐uptake.The silty loam had a high nutrient status, including a sodium level equivalent to 3 cwt. of salt/acre/year, while the oolitic limestone soil had limited K and P availability. On the clay‐with‐flints, in 1960, potassium was a limiting factor, while in 1961 nitrogen was limiting. Nitrogen application was found to limit availability of P to roots.Losses, particularly of Na and K from roots, were found towards the end of the growth period, and may be important in relation to juice purity, particularly if they can be encouraged by cultural practice.
Influence of phosphorus source and soil moisture on the solubility of phosphorus
Authors: Gough Neville A. , Beaton J. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA laboratory study was conducted on two calcareous soils which had been previously cropped with lucerne. Equilibrium soil solutions were obtained from soil samples which were taken after the last harvest of lucerne. Monocalcium phosphate (1/2pCa + pH2PO4) and lime (pH — 1/2pCa) potentials and dicalcium phosphate potentials (pCaHPO4) were calculated from pH, Ca and P measurements in these solutions.A plot of the lime and phosphate potentials on a solubility diagram showed that all the experimental values were near or above the solubility curve for dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. There was little difference between all phosphorus sources on the Machete soil, and between the treatments on the Nisconlith soil. Lime potentials of the two soils were similar. Phosphate potentials of the Machete soil were lower than those of the Nisconlith soil. The moisture regimes tested did not affect the lime and phosphate potentials of either soil.Dicalcium phosphate potential of hydroxyapatite was significantly higher than for all the other sources on the Machete soil, and also that of monoammonium and monocalcium phosphate on the Nisconlith soil. The lowest pCaHPO4 values occurred with the Nisconlith soil. Moisture did not influence pCaHPO4 on either soil.
Aluminium in soils and plants on the coastlands of british guiana
Authors: Harris S. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractExtractable aluminium (i.e., soluble in 0.5N‐acetic acid) has been determined in soils of the coastland of British Guiana and also the aluminium content of leaves of plants grown on them.It is shown that extractable aluminium in the soils depended on their organic matter content, but is not related to the aluminium contents of the leaves of natural vegetation. The aluminium contents of leaves varied much between species and also between plants growing in different soils.
Soil potassium and the growth of vegetable seedlings
Authors: Haworth F. , Cleaver T. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe rate of growth and the potassium content of seedlings of carrot, lettuce and onion was greater on plets which had received applications of farmyard manure (FYM) than on those which had received only mineral fertilisers (including potassium sulphate at 150 Ib. of K per acre).To find the reasons for these differences the effects of applications of potassium sulphate at rates of up to 800 lb. of K per acre on the availability of potassium in the soil, and on the growth and mineral composition of the seedlings, have been studied.The exchangeable potassium content and the energy of exchange for the replacement of calcium with potassium (ΔF value) after application of 400 lb. of K per acre were similar to those in soil which had received FYM annually for 8 years.Seedlings took up similar amounts of potassium whether the soil had received FYM or 400 lb. of K per acre. Growth of seedlings on the fertiliser‐treated soil was adversely affected when the rate was more than 200 lb. of K per acre. The interactions K/Ca and K/Mg are discussed in this connexion.Fixation of added fertiliser‐K could explain the relatively poor growth response of crops at Wellesbourne to rates of application of fertiliser‐K of about 100 lb. of K per acre.The need to maintain soil‐potassium reserves at a high level for vegetable growing is emphasised.
Isolation of endosperm protein and aleurone cell contents from wheat, and determination of their amino‐acid composition
Authors: Stevens D. J. , McDermott E. E. , Pace J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe techniques of air classification, and differential centrifugation in non‐aqueous media, have been combined to isolate from flour (a) endosperm protein and (b) aleurone cell contents. The amino‐acid composition of the isolated protein has been determined and compared with that of the total protein complex in the parent flour. The results show that in the isolated protein fraction the proportion of the glutenin/gliadin group of proteins is higher than in the parent flour. This was observed in the material obtained from both a strong and a weak flour. It is suggested that this partial segregation occurs in the air classification process. The protein fractions isolated from the weak and strong flours were closely similar in their overall amino‐acid composition. The amino‐acid composition of the protein contained in the isolated aleurone cell contents has also been determined. The composition is quite different from that of the main endosperm proteins and resembles, in this respect, some of the soluble protein fractions which have been previously isolated from flour. A notable feature of the composition is a relatively high content of arginine.
Chemical composition of some natural and processed orange juices
Authors: Sawyer R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe composition of juice from fresh oranges of a type used in the preparation of processed juice, is compared with that of prepared ‘pulp extracts’ and manufactured concentrates of varied origin. Some indication of the means of the detection of adulteration in trade concentrates from one particular growing area is given together with a basis for assessment of general quality.
Relationship between isotopically exchangeable calcium and absorption by plants
Authors: Newbould P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhen soils are suspended in solutions of calcium chloride labelled with radioactive tracer, isotopic exchange with the labile soil‐calcium occurs rapidly. This may be followed by a slow secondary exchange reaction, but its magnitude is not great and equilibrium is nearly, if not completely, attained within 7 days.When, however, plants are grown in soil throughout which carrier‐free calcium‐45 (45Ca) has been thoroughly mixed, the 45Ca absorbed by the plants equilibrates with a quantity of soil‐calcium larger than that which undergoes isotopic exchange when soils are suspended in solutions of labelled calcium chloride. The analysis of plants grown for varying periods shows that equilibration can continue for several weeks, and that the quantity of soil‐calcium with which the 45Ca is associated can be increased by growing plants under ‘exhaustion’ conditions. In five soils, the ‘extra’ calcium which equilibrated with 45Ca in this way never exceeded 3.5% of the total soil‐calcium, and was usually considerably lower.The continued equilibration of 45Ca with soil‐calcium causes the specific activity (45Ca/stable Ca) of the calcium entering plants to decrease. Because the calcium in plant roots has, on average, been absorbed more recently than that in shoots, the latter show higher specific activities.The causes of these effects are discussed, and their significance in the interpretation of results of experiments which involve the use of 45Ca as a tracer in research work on soil/plant relations is considered.
Behaviour of carrier‐free phosphorus‐32 in natural soils in relation to the measurement of labile soil phosphorus
Authors: Gunary D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe process of isotopic equilibration in perfused crumbs from five soils has been studied by following changes in the specific activity of the perfusates. The soils vary considerably in the times required for isotopic equilibrium with phosphate ions in the perfusate and in the penetration of labelled phosphate into the soil crumbs.A 55% drop in isotopic dilution was brought about by a reduction from 23° to 3° of the temperature at which crumbs from one soil type were equilibrated in a static system. This temperature drop doubled the time required to achieve uniform distribution of 32P.It is concluded that the rate of isotopic equilibration in pot experiments will be slow and may be limited in certain soils by the slow rate of redistribution on a micro scale of unevenly applied 32P.
Note on the availability of magnesium in basic slags
Authors: Heintze S. G. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Pot experiments, designed to measure effects produced solely by Mg, showed that two basic slags of similar Mg content and made by the same process differed in the extent to which the Mg was available to grass, and also in the yields of grass obtained, while a slag with much lower Mg content had negligible effect on yield on an acid soil and released no Mg to either acid or basic soil.
Additions of calcium carbonate or magnesium sulphate increased yields of grass from an acid, magnesium‐deficient soil containing little exchangeable Mg and each increased the uptake of Mg.
The amount of magnesium released when soils were incubated with slags agrees with results from pot experiments.
Phosphorus transformation in tejgaon clay soil, east pakistan, under different cultural practices
Authors: Khan D. H. , Chowdhury S. I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe distribution of forms of phosphorus in an acid ferruginous soil after application of superphosphate is studied. Of the P2O5 added as superphosphate, 88% was retained by the soil 3 days after application. Most of the superphosphate added was converted into sesquioxide‐bound P2O5 and adsorbed P2O5. Liming the soil increased the Truog's sulphuric acid‐soluble P2O5 by about 10%. Adsorbed P2O5 (hydroxyl‐replaceable P2O5) rather than Truog's soluble P2O5 appeared to be utilised by the jute crop.
Relationship between the sulphur/nitrogen ratio and the protein value of diets
Authors: Miller D. S. , Donoso G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEvidence is presented that the protein values of most human diets are limited by their content of the sulphur amino‐acids and a chemical method is proposed for the measurement of nutritive, value based on sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) contents. It is shown that for practical purposes the protein scores of mixed diets are equal to 1000 S/N and thus net dietary‐protein values may be estimated for natural mixed diets by simple chemical procedures.
Isoflavone contents of red and subterranean clovers
Authors: Wong E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe concentrations of the isoflavones biochanin A, genistein, formononetin, pratensein and daidzein in leaves of four varieties of red clover and two of subterranean clover have been measured by a paper chromatographic‐spectrophotometric method.Biochanin A and formononetin are the predominant isoflavones in red clovers whereas biochanin A and genistein are the most abundant in subterranean clovers. For both species the isoflavone levels differed between varieties and between sampling dates. Higher levels were found during flowering for red clovers and before flowering for subterranean clovers.The isoflavone contents have been calculated to have oestrogenic activity equivalent to 2–17 μg. of stilboestrol (% dry wt.) for the red clover samples and 22–48 μg. of stilboestrol (% dry wt.) for the subterranean clover samples. The potency of some of these samples is much higher than potencies previously reported in the literature.
The normal‐acid method for the determination of fibre in roughages
Authors: Griffith G. Ap , Jones D. I. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe normal‐acid method for the estimation of fibre in roughages by single acid digestion has been re‐examined. Increasing the time of digestion from 1 to 3 h. gives a marked improvement in the correlation with digestibility. Changes in technique are also introduced which make the method more attractive for routine use. The nitrogen content of the fibre residue is discussed.
Antioxidants in oats: Esters of phenolic acids
Authors: Daniels D. G. H. , King H. G. C. , Martin H. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThin‐layer chromatography of the antioxidant previously isolated from oats has demonstrated that it contains at least 6 components, which have been partially separated by column chromatography. Alkaline hydrolysis of the mixed antioxidants yields caffeic acid 29%, ferulic acid 10% (both calculated as% acyl goups), glycerol 4.5%, and long‐chain hydroxyfatty acid 50%.
Responses of winter wheat to nitrogen and soil nitrogen status
Authors: Eagle D. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNitrogen release values obtained by an incubation technique were closely correlated with yield responses of winter wheat to nitrogen on a wide range of soils over four seasons. On soils of low nitrogen status highest yields were obtained from early‐spring applications of nitrogen. On soils of high nitrogen status the highest yields were obtained from latespring applications of nitrogen.
Component glycerides of an indian fresh‐water fish fat
Authors: Pathak S. P. , Reddy B. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe glyceride structure of an Indian fresh‐water fish (Mystus seenghala) visceral fat has been investigated by fractional crystallisation of the neutral fat from acetone, light petroleum and ethyl ether. The composition of the fractions was examined by the lithium salt‐acetone and lead salt‐alcohol methods and by methyl ester distillation. The possible component glycerides computed therefrom is also given. The component glycerides are (i) 27.5% disaturated mono‐unsaturated, (ii) 61.8% mono‐saturated di‐unsaturated and (iii) 10.7% tri‐unsaturated. The glyceride composition of this fat does not conform with any of the glyceride theories.
Variation in zinc content and other properties of various porcine muscles
Authors: Cassens R. G. , Briskey E. J. , Hoekstra W. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractZinc content, myoglobin concentration and post‐mortem pH values of eight different porcine muscles of a wide range of functional activity and colour were found to vary greatly. On a fat‐free, dry‐weight basis, approximately a four‐fold difference was found in the zinc content of the various muscles. The darker coloured muscles, generally the most continually active, had the greatest zinc concentration, the greatest myoglobin concentration and the highest pH 24 h. post‐mortem. Over‐all correlations showed that 24‐h. pH and myoglobin were highly significantly related to zinc concentration when all muscles were considered, but within‐muscle correlations were low. Dietary zinc deficiency did not decrease the level of zinc in the muscles but caused some marked changes in the moisture and fat content of porcine muscle. The biochemical significance of the variation in zinc content of different muscles remains to be demonstrated.
Chemical studies on the herring (Clupea harengus). VII.—collaǵn and cohesiveness in heat‐processed herrinǵ, and observations on a seasonal variation in collaǵn content
Authors: Hughes R. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn attempt is made to correlate cohesiveness in heat‐processed herring with the degree of collagen breakdown as measured by gelatin production. A large increase in the collagen content of herring in early winter was observed.
Physico‐chemical studies of pesticides. III.—effect of soaps on the bioloǵical activity of DDT suspensions
Authors: O'Neill D. K. , Alexander A. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effects of various synthetic soaps on the biological efficiency of a DDT/clay/lignin‐sulphonate suspension and of a colloidal DDT suspension have been examined by in vitro dipping experiments with flour beetles (Tribolium confusum Duval).Additions of soap up to the c.m.c. (critical micellar concentration) decreased the toxicity in both types of suspension. This is attributed to adsorption of the soap on both DDT and cuticular surfaces, with consequent reduction in the probability of adhesion when DDT particles collide with the cuticular surface.When the soap concentration was increased beyond the c.m.c., the toxicity of the DDT/clay/ligninsulphonate suspension remained unchanged, whilst the toxicity of the colloidal DDT suspension increased. Crystal growth of DDT in the colloidal suspension was observed above the c.m.c. and is considered to be the cause of the increased toxicity. The soap micelles did not dissolve sufficient DDT to influence toxicity directly, but were responsible for crystal growth. With the DDT/clay/ligninsulphonate suspension, crystal growth of the DDT protected by clay and ligninsulphonate appeared to be too slow to produce similar effects.Toxicity and deposit appeared to be closely related and were influenced by the duration and degree of agitation during dipping, indicating that deposition of DDT on the cuticle did not attain equilibrium. Liquid retention appeared to be a function of surface tension. Affinity between DDT and insect cuticle is ascribed to the hydrophobic nature of both surfaces.
Tannins and polyphenols in carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua)
Authors: Nachtomi Edna , Alumot Eugenia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeparation of condensed tannins from sugars and low‐molecular weight polyphenols was achieved by cold‐water extraction of carob pod meal. The condensed tannins were isolated by subsequent hot‐water extraction of the meal and analysed by permanganate titration, alkaline hydrolysis and fusion, paper chromatography, reactions for the presence of leuco‐anthocyanins and catechins. They were not soluble in commonly used tannin solvents. Although the presence of leuco‐anthocyanins and flavanols was shown by general reactions, no monomeric substances of this group were detected in ripe carobs. Extracts from green carobs contained several catechins and leuco‐anthocyanins, that may be regarded as possible precursors of condensed tannins.Gallic acid was the main constituent of the low‐molecular weight fraction obtained from ripe carobs and which was soluble in organic solvents.
Aseptic autolysis in rabbit and bovine muscle during storage at 37°
Authors: Sharp J. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe changes in a number of protein fractions in rabbit and bovine muscle have been observed during aseptic storage at 37°. Continuous breakdown of protein took place with formation of TCA‐soluble non‐protein N, the rates being 20.7 μmoles and 10.3 μmoles N/g./day for rabbit and beef respectively. No change was detected in the solubility of the collagen fraction over 6 months' storage. The fine structure of the myofibrils remained apparently unchanged during this period and the main autolytic effect of the cathepsins present would appear to be concentrated on the sarcoplasmic proteins. The degree of disintegration of muscle structure caused by homogenisation under standard conditions was much greater in muscle held for 30 days at 5° than in muscle after the same period at 37°.
Vegetable oils. XI.—the component acids of torresea cearensis seed oil
Authors: Badami R. C. , Gunstone F. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTorresea cearensis oil contains the following acids: saturated, C10 (0.5%), C12 (0.5%), C14 (0.5%), C16 (11.5%), C18 (3.5%), C20 (3.0%), C22 (4.0%) and C24 (2.5%); mono‐ethenoid, C16 (4.0%), C18 (60.0%) and C20 (3.5%); diethenoid, C18 (6.5%).
Substantivity of pyrethrins I and II to cattle skin and hair: Behaviour of pyrethrins in a cattle spray race
Authors: Goldberg A. A. , Smith H. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLaboratory experiments have shown that the pyrethrins are substantive to cattle skin and hair. When cattle are passed through a spray race, the concentration of pyrethrins in the circulation liquor decreases. The adsorption rate constant has been calculated for standard conditions and an equation derived for calculation of the concentration after passage of cattle through the spray race. The use of this equation in veterinary practice is discussed.
The composition of Pachyrrhizus erosus (yam bean) seed oil
Authors: Broadbent J. H. , Shone G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of the oil has been examined by gas‐liquid chromatography and found to contain 26.7% of palmitic, 5.7% of stearic, 33.4% of oleic and 34.2% of linoleic acids. The unsaponifiable matter of the oil, which contains 55% of digitonide‐forming sterols, has been separated by thin‐layer chromatography into six components, two of which give positive Liebermann‐Burchard and one positive Emmerie‐Engel tests.
A comparison of freeze‐dried beef muscles of high or low ultimate pH
Authors: Penny I. F. , Voyle C. A. , Lawrie R. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSome of the deleterious effects of freeze‐drying on the texture of beef have been obviated by using muscles with a high ultimate pH. Pre‐slaughter injection of adrenaline raised the ultimate pH to 6.7. After freeze‐drying the treated beef was more tender, more juicy and less woody than controls at pH 5.6. A resultant increase in water‐holding capacity and rehydratability was demonstrated by myofibrillar swelling and increased fibre diameter. Dehydrated beef with a high ultimate pH showed less deterioration during storage at 37° in the attributes texture, flavour and colour.