bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The link between people's social perceptions of cultivated meat eaters and their acceptance of cultivated meat
Authors: Dai Xiaoyu , Leung Angela K.‐y. , Chong Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLow consumer acceptance emerges as one important barrier to the introduction of cultivated meat, a novel food which offers an opportunity for more sustainable and ethical meat production. Due to the motives for impression management and self‐esteem, one factor that could contribute to people's acceptance of cultivated meat is their perceptions of other individuals who consume cultivated meat. In the current research, two online survey studies with 393 Singaporean undergraduate students and 401 American adults were conducted to explore the perceptions of cultivated meat eaters. In both studies, participants were randomly assigned to read one of three profiles that described a cultivated meat eater, a conventional meat eater, and a vegetarian. Then they rated the target on a list of traits. In Study 1, cultivated meat eaters were evaluated as more eco‐friendly than conventional meat eaters, and less pure than vegetarians. In Study 2, cultivated meat eaters were perceived as more eco‐friendly than conventional meat eaters, and less healthy than vegetarians; further, the participants tended to believe that others' general perception of cultivated meat eaters is slightly negative, and their belief about others' perception was strongly correlated with their acceptance of cultivated meat. Practical implications and future directions were discussed.
Review article: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding – review of current evidence and implications for management
Authors: Shung Dennis L. , Laine Loren 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundAcute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common emergency requiring hospital‐based care. Advances in care across pre‐endoscopic, endoscopic and post‐endoscopic phases have led to improvements in clinical outcomes.AimsTo provide a detailed, evidence‐based update on major aspects of care across pre‐endoscopic, endoscopic and post‐endoscopic phases.MethodsWe performed a structured bibliographic database search for each topic. If a recent high‐quality meta‐analysis was not available, we performed a meta‐analysis with random effects methods and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsPre‐endoscopic management of UGIB includes risk stratification, a restrictive red blood cell transfusion policy unless the patient has cardiovascular disease, and pharmacologic therapy with erythromycin and a proton pump inhibitor. Patients with cirrhosis should be treated with prophylactic antibiotics and vasoactive medications. Tranexamic acid should not be used. Endoscopic management of UGIB depends on the aetiology. For peptic ulcer disease (PUD) with high‐risk stigmata, endoscopic therapy, including over‐the‐scope clips (OTSCs) and TC‐325 powder spray, should be performed. For variceal bleeding, treatment should be customised by severity and anatomic location. Post‐endoscopic management includes early enteral feeding for all UGIB patients. For high‐risk PUD, PPI should be continued for 72 h, and rebleeding should initially be evaluated with a repeat endoscopy. For variceal bleeding, high‐risk patients or those with further bleeding, a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt can be considered.ConclusionsManagement of acute UGIB should include treatment plans for pre‐endoscopic, endoscopic and post‐endoscopic phases of care, and customise treatment decisions based on aetiology and severity of bleeding.
A generational perspective on rural livelihood change
Authors: Clendenning Jessica N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs rural places and people are increasingly intertwined between cities, markets and mobility, broader perspectives are needed to examine the multiple changes occurring between rural and urban spaces, and between families and generations. This article discusses how a generational perspective can study ‘more‐than‐rural’ change in a contemporaneous manner. Drawing on field examples from a village on Flores Island, Indonesia, I show how intergenerational views, gathered through household surveys and in‐depth interviews, gave further depth to younger generations' changing relationships to land. Why, despite greater numbers of young people leaving the village for greater work and study opportunities elsewhere, were many parents sure their children would return one day? Using intergenerational and life‐course views to answer this question revealed how many villagers encountered livelihood limitations elsewhere. Furthermore, I show how generational data give fuller explanations to household dynamics, such as how age and gender play a role in the pursuit of migration between family members, and how rural land and households are managed over time and space. I conclude by discussing the strengths and challenges of building a generational perspective to study ‘more‐than‐rural’ livelihood change.
The role of academic performance, prosocial behaviour and friendships on adolescents' preferred studying partners: A longitudinal social network analysis
Authors: Palacios Diego , Berger Christian , Kanacri Bernardette Paula Luengo , Huisman Mark , Veenstra René 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeers constitute an important developmental context for adolescent academic behaviour providing support and resources to either promote or discourage attitudes and behaviours that contribute to school success. When looking for academic help, students may prefer specific partners based on their social goals regarding academic performance.AimsBased on the social goals for wanting to achieve academically (e.g., studying to be with friends, increasing/maintaining their own social status), we examine the extent to which adolescents' selection of preferred academic partners (with whom they would like to study) is driven by peers' academic performance, prosocial behaviour and friendships. Moreover, as high‐achieving students play an important role in academic settings, whether they are more likely to prefer to study with similar high‐achieving peers and friends was examined.SampleA total of 537 seventh‐grade students from 13 classes over three waves.MethodsLongitudinal social network analyses (RSiena).ResultsAdolescents were more likely to select high achievers, friends and prosocial peers as preferred academic partners. Furthermore, high achievers were more likely to choose other high achievers and friends as preferred academic partners.ConclusionsAdolescents are likely to prefer as study partners someone they can learn from and who is more approachable, cooperative and friendly. Regarding high achievers, they would choose not only academic partners with similar academic interests and motivations to help them boost their academic achievement but also classmates with whom they like to spend time and share personal issues.
Clinical feature, GALC variant spectrum, and genotype–phenotype correlation in Korean Krabbe disease patients: Multicenter experience over 13 years
Authors: Hwang Narae , Kim Sang‐Mi , Kim Young‐Gon , Ha Changhee , Lee Jeehun , Choi Byung‐Ok , Sung Won Jae , Kim Seung Hyun , Kim Young Mi , Lee Yong‐Wha , Kim Jieun , Kim Jong‐Won , Jang Ja‐Hyun , Lee Jiwon , Park Hyung‐Doo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKrabbe disease (KD) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by deficiency of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) due to variants in the GALC gene. Here, we provide the first and the largest comprehensive analysis of clinical and genetic characteristics, and genotype–phenotype correlations of KD in Korean in comparison with other ethnic groups. From June 2010 to June 2023, 10 patients were diagnosed with KD through sequencing of GALC. Clinical features, and results of GALC sequencing, biochemical test, neuroimaging, and neurophysiologic test were obtained from medical records. An additional nine previously reported Korean KD patients were included for review. In Korean KD patients, the median age of onset was 2 years (3 months–34 years) and the most common phenotype was adult‐onset (33%, 6/18) KD, followed by infantile KD (28%, 5/18). The most frequent variants were c.683_694delinsCTC (23%) and c.1901T>C (23%), while the 30‐kb deletion was absent. Having two heterozygous pathogenic missense variants was associated with later‐onset phenotype. Clinical features were similar to those of other ethnic groups. In Korean KD patients, the most common phenotype was the adult‐onset type and the GALC variant spectrum was different from that of the Caucasian population. This study would further our understanding of KD.
Efficacy and safety of venlafaxine hydrochloride combined with tandospirone citrate for patients with vascular depression accompanied by somatic symptoms: An open‐labeled randomized control trial
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Lin Yongsen , Zhao Zijun , Lin Ting , Lin Qianwen , Chen Xinyan , Wu Weiwei , Zeng Guiying , Wu Shufang , Liu Nan , Chen Hui , Chen Ronghua , Xiao Yingchun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsTo explore the pharmacological treatment of vascular depression (VaDep) and whether the blood levels of neurotransmitters can reflect the VaDep severity.MethodsVaDep patients with somatic symptoms were enrolled and randomly received venlafaxine + tandospirone (Combined Group) or venlafaxine (Monotherapy Group). The treatment efficacy was assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Patient Health Questionnaire‐15 (PHQ‐15). The levels of blood monoamine neurotransmitters were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsBoth groups reported a progressive decrease in HAMD, HAMA, and PHQ‐15 scores to below the baseline after the respective treatment. Compared with the Monotherapy Group, the Combined Group reported a significant decrease in HAMD score at week 2 and markedly lower HAMA and PHQ‐15 scores at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8. Both groups showed a decrease in the levels of blood monoamine neurotransmitters at weeks 4 and 8 when compared with the baseline. A strong positive association was evident between the plasma 5‐HT levels and the HAMD score.ConclusionThe combined therapy rapidly acts on VaDep comorbid with anxiety and somatic symptoms and significantly alleviates the anxiety and somatic symptoms. The plasma levels of 5‐HT may serve as potential objective candidates in evaluating VaDep severity and the efficacy of the undertaken treatment regimen.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on stage and incidence of head and neck cancer: A rapid review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Clements Kelten , Thapa Alekh , Cowell Anna , Conway David , Douglas Catriona M , Paterson Claire 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis rapid review aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) and stage distribution at diagnosis.DesignRapid review and meta‐analysis.ParticipantsComparative data for new HNC patients between a pre‐pandemic cohort (before March 2020) and a pandemic cohort (after March 2020 during the lockdown period).Main Outcomes MeasuredData on tumour stage, incidence, referral pathway (number of new patient referrals), or workload levels (number of HNC treatments). Data on stage were summarised as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and data related to changes in numbers of diagnoses, referrals, and workload levels were summarised as a narrative synthesis.ResultsA total of 31 reports were included in this review. Individually 16 out of 23 studies did not show a significant impact on stage relative to the pre‐pandemic period. However, the meta‐analysis revealed that patients diagnosed with HNC during the pandemic were 16% more likely to have nodal involvement (OR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.00–1.35), 17% more likely to have a late overall stage (OR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.01–1.36), and 32% more likely to present with advanced tumour extent (T3 and T4 stage) (OR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.08–1.62). Data on incidence was extremely limited and not currently sufficient to assess trends in burden of disease.ConclusionsThis review indicates that during the COVID‐19 pandemic, there was upstaging of HNC at diagnosis, suggesting the provision of care to HNC patients was significantly affected.
The potential for improved outcomes in the prevention and therapy of diabetic kidney disease through ‘stacking’ of drugs from different classes
Authors: Bell David S. H. , Jerkins Terri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAggressive therapy of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) can not only slow the progression of DKD to renal failure but, if utilized at an early enough stage of DKD, can also stabilize and/or reverse the decline in renal function. The currently recognized standard of therapy for DKD is blockade of the renin‐angiotensin system with angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). However, unless utilized at a very early stage, monotherapy with these drugs in DKD will only prevent or slow the progression of DKD and will neither stabilize nor reverse the progression of DKD to renal decompensation. Recently, the addition of a sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor and/or a mineralocorticoid receptor blocker to ACE inhibitors or ARBs has been clearly shown to further decelerate the decline in renal function. The use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists shown promise in decelerating the progression of DKD. Other drugs that may aid in the deceleration the progression of DKD are dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, pentoxifylline, statins, and vasodilating beta blockers. Therefore, aggressive therapy with combinations of these drugs (stacking) should improve the preservation of renal function in DKD.
3‐D transesophageal echocardiography aids in assessment of embolic stroke due to aortic atherosclerotic plaque: A case series
Authors: Wen Songnan , Naqvi Tasneem Z. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis is the most common cause of heart disease and stroke. Plaque thickness ≥4 mm in the ascending aorta or aortic arch is strongly correlated with cerebral embolic events and ischemic stroke. However, despite imaging workup, the cause of embolic stroke remains unidentified in many patients. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the preferred echocardiographic method for the evaluation of cardiac source of emboli. 2D TEE imaging evaluates aortic root and aortic arch in a single plane or two planes with biplane imaging. However, 2D TEE often fails to detect mobile or complex components in the ascending aorta and aortic arch plaques. The routine availability of 3D TEE in current ultrasound systems may significantly improve the assessment of aortic plaques as a potential embolic source. In this case series, we present four consecutive patients with stroke who underwent TEE by a single cardiologist for possible cardioembolic source. Some of these patients may have been labelled as “cryptogenic stroke” or “embolic stroke of undetermined source” (ESUS) due to the presence of insignificant or nonmobile ascending aortic or aortic arch plaques on 2D TEE imaging. In our four consecutive patients with ESUS who underwent TEE by a single operator, 3D TEE showed complex aortic arch plaques with ulceration with mobile components and established these plaques as the likely source of embolic stroke.
Edge‐wise analysis reveals white matter connectivity associated with focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures
Authors: Javidi Sam S. , He Xiaosong , Ankeeta Ankeeta , Zhang Qirui , Citro Salvatore , Sperling Michael R. , Tracy Joseph I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveFocal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCS) represent a challenging subtype of focal temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in terms of both severity and treatment response. Most studies have focused on regional brain analysis that is agnostic to the distribution of white matter (WM) pathways associated with a node. We implemented a more selective, edge‐wise approach that allowed for identification of the individual connections unique to FBTCS.MethodsT1‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted images were obtained from 22 patients with solely focal seizures (FS), 43 FBTCS patients, and 65 age/sex‐matched healthy participants (HPs), yielding streamline (STR) connectome matrices. We used diffusion tensor‐derived STRs in an edge‐wise approach to determine specific structural connectivity changes associated with seizure generalization in FBTCS compared to matched FS and HPs. Graph theory metrics were computed on both node‐ and edge‐based connectivity matrices.ResultsEdge‐wise analyses demonstrated that all significantly abnormal cross‐hemispheric connections belonged to the FBTCS group. Abnormal connections associated with FBTCS were mostly housed in the contralateral hemisphere, with graph metric values generally decreased compared to HPs. In FBTCS, the contralateral amygdala showed selective decreases in the structural connection pathways to the contralateral frontal lobe. Abnormal connections in TLE involved the amygdala, with the ipsilateral side showing increases and the contralateral decreases. All the FS findings indicated higher graph metrics for connections involving the ipsilateral amygdala. Data also showed that some FBTCS connectivity effects are moderated by aging, recent seizure frequency, and longer illness duration.SignificanceData showed that not all STR pathways are equally affected by the seizure propagation of FBTCS. We demonstrated two key biases, one indicating a large role for the amygdala in the propagation of seizures, the other pointing to the prominent role of cross‐hemispheric and contralateral hemisphere connections in FBTCS. We demonstrated topographic reorganization in FBTCS, pointing to the specific WM tracts involved.
Objective methods of nerve localisation to facilitate performing locoregional anaesthetic techniques for horses undergoing surgical procedures
Authors: Louro Luís Filipe , Loomes Kate , Bardell David 
Published: March 2024

SummaryPerineural anaesthesia is a useful technique in equine surgery, providing pre‐emptive targeted anaesthesia of the surgical site, reducing volatile anaesthetic requirements, improving recovery quality and providing postoperative pain relief. Surgery under standing sedation in horses has increased in popularity, mandating the need for effective locoregional anaesthesia and analgesic techniques. Nerve location techniques offer greater accuracy than blind techniques when placing injectate. These methods can help to avoid structures such as blood vessels and minimise direct nerve damage during needle placement, reducing the risk of procedure‐related complications. This review will discuss the most pertinent research in the veterinary literature where objective methods of nerve location have been used to perform peripheral nerve blocks in horses. The efficacy of using objective methods to perform nerve blocks in equine anaesthesia is discussed by the authors, providing useful information to equine anaesthetists, and potentially improve the quality of anaesthesia and analgesia in horses.
Diagnosis by combination of endoscopic findings helps differentiate non‐Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter‐infected gastritis from Helicobacter pylori‐infected gastritis
Authors: Okamura Takuma , Iwaya Yugo , Nagaya Tadanobu , Horiuchi Kazuki , Negishi Tatsuya , Ota Hiroyoshi , Umemura Takeji 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe characteristic endoscopic findings of non‐Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) gastritis, including white marbled appearance and crack‐like mucosa, have been reported. However, these findings can also manifest in H. pylori (HP)‐infected gastritis. This study compared NHPH gastritis and mild atrophic HP gastritis to identify features that may enhance NHPH diagnosis.Materials and MethodsA total of 2087 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and were histologically evaluated by multiple gastric mucosal biopsies according to the updated Sydney System (USS) at Shinshu University Hospital between 2005 and 2023. Among them, nine patients were classified into the NHPH group and 134 patients with HP infection and mild atrophy were classified into the HP group for retrospective comparisons of endoscopic findings and clinicopathological characteristics.ResultsAll nine patients in the NHPH group (eight males [89%], median ± standard deviation [SD] age: 49 ± 13.0 years) were infected with H. suis. The 134 patients in the HP group contained 70 men (52%) and had a median ± SD age of 35 ± 19.9 years. Endoscopic findings were statistically comparable for white marbled appearance (three patients [33%] in the NHPH group and 37 patients [31%] in the HP group) and crack‐like mucosa (three patients [33%] and 27 patients [20%], respectively). Diffuse redness was significantly less frequent in the NHPH group (one patient [14%] vs. 97 patients [72%], p < 0.001). White marbled appearance or crack‐like mucosa without diffuse redness was significantly more common in the NHPH group (56% vs. 13%, p = 0.004), with a sensitivity and specificity of 56% and 87%, respectively. Mean USS neutrophil infiltration and Helicobacter density scores were significantly higher in the HP group (both p < 0.01), which might have influenced the endoscopic findings of diffuse redness.ConclusionsWhen endoscopic findings of white marbled appearance or cracked‐like mucosa are present, evaluation for diffuse redness may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis of NHPH gastritis.
FIGHTING COLLUSION: AN IMPLEMENTATION THEORY APPROACH
Authors: Āzacis Helmuts , Vida Péter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA competition authority (CA) has an objective, which specifies what output profile firms need to produce as a function of production costs. These costs change over time and are only known by the firms. The objective is repeatedly implementable if the firms cannot collude and deceive the CA in equilibrium. We identify necessary and sufficient conditions for repeated implementation when firms can only announce prices and quantities. We use these conditions to study when the competitive output is implementable. We extend the analysis to the case when the firms can also supply hard evidence.
A new yellowish‐green‐emitting phosphor: Eu2+‐doped Ba3YAl2O7.5
Authors: Sun Bin , Wang Yiming , Zhang Huixian , Wang Linlin , Liu Mengyi , Zhang Chenxi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA yellowish‐green emitting phosphor Ba3YAl2O7.5:Eu2+ was synthesized by a solid‐state method. The crystal structure, luminescence, concentration quenching, fluorescence decay, and thermal quenching properties were systematically investigated. Under blue light (440 nm) excitation, Ba3YAl2O7.5:Eu2+ phosphors exhibit a yellowish‐green emission peaking at 550 nm with a full width at half maximum ∼ 69 nm, and The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of Ba3YAl2O7.5:Eu2+ are (0.4064, 0.5811). Structural analysis and Van Uitert equation along with fluorescence lifetime analysis reveal that Eu2+ ions occupy 6‐coordinated Y and 9‐coordinated Ba sites in Ba3YAl2O7.5, and therefore generate two emission sub‐bands at 582 and 548 nm. In addition, Ba3YAl2O7.5:Eu2+ phosphor remaining 43% photoluminescence emission intensity at 125°C with an activation energy of 0.372 eV. Utilizing the title phosphor (Ba3YAl2O7.5:3%Eu2+), commercial red (Ca,Sr)AlSiN3:Eu2+ (CSAlSi:Eu2+) phosphor, and InGaN‐based blue light emitting diode (LED) chip, a proof‐of‐concept warm white LEDs (WLEDs) with a color rendering index of 80.1, CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.411, 0.381), luminous efficacy of ∼ 22.13 lm/W, and correlated color temperature of ∼ 3288 K is achieved. Thus, Eu2+ activated Ba3YAl2O7.5 phosphors have the potential application in WLEDs pumped by a blue LED chip for solid‐state lighting application.