bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GENETIC STUDY OF TUNISIAN BERBERS. I. Gm, Am AND Km IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES AND ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Authors: Chaabani H. , Helal A. N. , Loghem Erna van , Langaney A. , Elgaaied A. Benammar , Peran L. Rivat , Lefranc G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe Gm, Am and Km immunoglobulin allotypes and ABO blood groups were studied in three groups of Tunisian Berbers.The results showed that the actual Berbers of Tunisia present certain heterogeneity and their ancestors were probably the first inhabitants of North Africa. Indeed, although their Gm‐Am haplotypes are mainly Caucasoid, some of them are typically African.The group of Kesra village, the most Caucasoid, shows frequencies of Gm‐Am haplotypes very close to those of South European populations, particularly the Spanish, who are probably of the same origin. The gene frequencies of the ABO groups in the three Berber groups were similar to those recorded in European populations with a relatively high frequency of the O genes typical of the Berbers.
III. RECOGNITION OF THE ‘SURFACE‐SIMULATION’ SYNTHETIC ANTIGENIC STIES
Authors: Bixler Garvin S. , Atassi M. Zouhair 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn previous studies from this laboratory the antigenic sites of lysozyme were found to be composed of spatially adjacent surface residues that are mostly distant in sequence (i.e. discontinuous sites). For synthetic mimicking of the sites, we introduced the concept of ‘surface‐simulation’ synthesis by which the binding site residues are linked directly via peptide bonds with appropriate spacing and directionality into a single peptide which does not exist in the protein but mimics a surface region of it. In the present report T cell recognition of the surface‐simulation synthetic antigenic sites has been explored in a mouse strain, B10.BR, that is a high responder to lysozyme. The discontinuous antigenic sites of lysozyme also had the capacity to stimulate proliferation of T cells driven by native lysozyme in long‐term cultures. Thus, in addition to the four continuous T sites that we have recently reported, T cell recognition of lysozyme also involves discontinuous sites. This is the first clear demonstration that, contrary to a long‐held impression, T cell recognition is not restricted only to sequence features, but can also be directed to protein discontinuous surface areas of high conformational dependency.
REGULATORY FUNCTION OF THY ‐ 1 ‐ NEGATIVE CELLS:
Authors: Guercio Paolo del , Mouton Denise , Guercio Marie‐France del , Biozzi Guido 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYStudies were conducted on two lines of mice genetically selected, respectively, for high (AB/H) and low (AB/L) antibody production, in order to identify the mechanism by which genes involved in the selection express their functions. It was found that B cell‐derived enhancing factor (BEF), a lymphokine of B cell origin which acts on T cells by preventing the activation of suppressor cells, is effective in inducing high responses in low responder mice, whereas it is ineffective in modulating antibody production in high responder mice. As a result, no difference was found between the responses of AB/H and AB/L mice when spleen cells were stimulated in vitro in the presence of BEF. AB/H and AB/L mice do not seem to differ in their B cell functions since no difference was found in the capacity of B cells of either line to synthesize antibodies in the presence of T cell‐replacing factor (TRF), or to produce endogeneous BEF. These data indicate that, at least in vitro, the character of general responsiveness of these two mouse lines mainly reflects differential reactivity of T suppressor cells. Since the two lines represent, respectively, the maximal and minimal responsiveness of an outbred population of animals, it is suggested that the individual difference in abtibody response is related to individual differences of T suppressor cells in responding to the immunogen.
FEMALE POPLITEAL LYMPH NODE RESPONSES TO H‐Y ANTIGEN ON MALE THYMOCYTES IN MICE: I. REGULATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESPONSES BY H‐2‐ASSOCIATED Ir GENES
Authors: Králová J. , Němec M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY H‐2‐linked genes which control popliteal lymph node (PLN) immune responses to the H‐Y antigen were analysed. It was found that at least two genes or two groups of genes are involved in the genetic control and are responsible for the four variants of relations observed between the primary and the secondary response: +/‐, +/+, ‐/+ and ‐/‐ (+' and ‐' stand for a high and a low response, respectively). The results obtained with H‐2 recombinant haplotypes indicated that the genes controlling the primary and secondary responses map to the left and to the right of the Eα locus, respectively. A high primary response was observed in the presence of b alleles at K, Aβ, Aα, and Eβ loci, whereas a high secondary response occurred only in the presence of d alleles in the chromosomal segment between Eα and D loci. From the experiments with F1 hybrids it is clear that low secondary responses are, for the most part, dominant and that the two seemingly separate control mechanisms for the primary and secondary responses may interact.
NON‐SPECIFIC REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS TO A THYMUS‐INDEPENDENT ANTIGEN, TNP‐LPS, IN HIGH AND LOW RESPONDER LINES OF MICE
Authors: Sant'Anna O. A. , Ibañez O. M. , Gennari M. , Mevel J. C. , Siqueira M. , Mouton D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYResponsiveness to a thymus‐independent (TI‐1) antigen, TNP‐LPS, was investigated in the high and low responder lines of mice resulting from four independent selective breedings carried out for antibody production to various complex natural immunogens (selections I, III, IV and V). The superiority of the high responder vs. the low responder line was generally observed, confirming that the genes accumulated through selective breeding can modify the responsiveness to unrelated antigens including TI antigens.Two special features were observed in selection III: (1) A secondary response to TNP‐LPS: higher peak values and IgG isotype antibody production were obtained in the H line. (2) Pretreatment with LPS modified the responses to TNP in the L line only.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF THE PK ANTIGEN AS DETERMINED BY A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY
Authors: Kasai K. , Galton J. , Terasaki P. I. , Wakisaka A. , Kawahara M. , Root T. , Hakomori S. ‐I. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYUsing an anti‐Pk monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated CPK‐1, the expression of the Pk antigen was assessed on normal human tissue from non‐Pk individuals. Although the Pk antigen was detected on fibroblasts and blood vessels as previously reported, it was also found on smooth muscle cells of the digestive tract and the urogenital system. Pk was also found on glandular cells of the stomach, oesophagus and prostate. Additionally, CPK‐1 reacted weakly with oesophagus squamous cells, and a small number of glomeruli and tubules in the kidney. The mechanism of expression of the Pk determinant in non‐Pk individuals is discussed.
THE CELL SURFACE PHENOTYPE OF MOUSE NEUTROPHILS
Authors: Hibbs M. L. , Hogarth P. M. , Collins P. R. , McKenzie I. F. C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYUsing monoclonal antibodies, mouse peritoneal neutrophils were typed for the presence of 23 cell surface alloantigens, the expression of which was quantitated by flow cytofluorometry and compared with that of lymphocytes. The H‐2K and H‐2D alloantigens and β2‐microglobulin were present on all neutrophils, but Ia and Qa antigens were not detected. It was found that Ly‐5.1, Ly‐15.2, Ly‐21.2, Ly‐24.2 (Pgp‐1) and Ly‐25.1 were present on >90% of neutropils; Ly‐6.2 and Ly‐27.2 were absent, but Ly‐28.2 (encoded by an Ly‐6 linked gene), was present on >90% of neutrophils. As expected, the lymphocyte‐specific antigens Ly‐1.1, Ly‐2.2, Ly‐3.1, Ly‐7.2, Ly‐12.1 and Thy‐1.2 were absent from the neutrophils. When compared with lymphocytes, marked differences in alloantigen expression on neutrophils were seen for Ly‐5.1, Ly‐24.2 and Ly‐28.2. These studies should be of value in the study of neutrophil structure and function.
ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF LIVER NEURAMINIDASE‐1 VARIATION IN MICE AND ADDITIONAL EVIDENCE CONCERNING THE LOCATION OF NEU‐1
Authors: Samollow P. B. , Vandeberg J. L. , Ford A. L. , Douglas T. C. , David C. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYNeuraminidase‐1 (NEU‐1) is one of two neuraminidase isozymes which can be detected electrophoretically in mouse liver extracts. The inheritance of variation in NEU‐1 and the linkage relationships of the gene controlling this variation were studied through a backcross analysis involving the SM/J and MA/MyJ inbred strains, and by examination of NEU‐1 phenotypes in three congenic strains: Bl0.SM, Bl0.SM(22R) and B10.RVB. The data indicate that NEU‐1 is controlled by Neu‐1, a gene previously identified by its effect on total liver neuraminidase activity in whole tissue homogenates. Analysis of the congenic strains revealed identical low activity (SM/J‐type: Neu‐1α/Neu‐1α) NEU‐1 phenotypes in all three strains. This indicates that Neu‐I lies in the segment of the SM/J‐derived H‐2 region that is common to all three strains: H‐2Eα to H‐2D. In addition, we examined the relationship between NEU‐1 and phenotypic variation in liver acid phosphatase (AP; for which a new typing method is described) and linkage order among several other enzyme‐coding genes linked to H‐2. In all animals that could be scored confidently for AP, the NEU‐1 and AP phenotypes were concordant, adding support to the hypothesis that both phenotypes are controlled by Neu‐1. Recombination rates among six H‐2‐Linked marker loci were unexpectedly low, but were sufficient to verify the position of Upg‐1 as the telomeric flanking marker relative to Glo‐I, H‐2 (C4), Neu‐1 (Apl), Ce‐2 and Pgk‐2.
A MONOCLONAL ALLOANTIBODY DETECTING A POLYMORPHISM OF THE RAT LEUCOCYTE COMMON (LC) ANTIGEN
Authors: Newton M. R. , Wood K. J. , Fabre J. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA monoclonal antibody, NDS 58, was produced by fusing the rat myeloma line Y3 Ag 1.2.3 with spleen cells from AS rats immunized with LEW thymocytes. The determinant recognized by this antibody is leucocyte‐specific and present on all thymocytes, lymph node lymphocytes and some bone marrow cells. The strain distribution of NDS 58 was consistent with it being directed at the RT7aallele. Biochemical studies established that this antigen was carried on a cell surface glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight on thymocytes of 190,000. This study confirms that the alloantigen originally designated Ly‐1, and now termed RT7, is an allodeterminant of the LC molecule, and the controversy in this area, particularly with regard to the ART‐1 alloantigen, is discussed.
THE H‐2 COMPLEX REGULATES BOTH THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MOUSE VIRAL LYMPHOMAGENESIS AND THE PHENOTYPE OF THE VIRUS‐INDUCED LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Zijlstra M. , Vasmel W. L. E. , Radaskiewicz T. , Matthews E. , Melief C. J. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYNeonatal infection of C57BL/10 mice with cloned ecotropic and/or dual‐tropic mink cell focus‐inducing (MCF) mouse leukaemia viruses (MuLV), induces a wide spectrum of different lymphomas of T, B, and non‐T/non‐B cell types. The H‐2 complex has a marked influence on both the development of lymphoma incidence and lymphoma type. A study using the oncogenic MCF 1233 virus and a series of B10 congenic mice enabled the mapping of the following:(a) Resistance to the early development of T cell lymphomas is controlled by the H‐21‐A locus.(b) Susceptibility to early T cell lymphomagenesis is associated with an I‐A‐regulated low anti‐MCF 1233 envelope antibody response and persistent infection of the thymus.(c) B10 (H‐2b) mice, which are resistant to early T cell lymphomagenesis induced by MCF 1233 or other MuLV isolates, have high anti‐MuLV envelope antibody responses which are I‐A‐regulated. These mice develop more B cell lymphomas late in life in contrast to the early development of T cell lymphoma in B10.A (H‐2a mice. The possible response mechanisms which underlie these observations, including: (1) I‐A ‐regulated immunoselection against MuLV antigens expressed by (pre) leukaemic T cells, (2) aberrant expression of class II MHC antigens on some B cell lymphomas and (3) I‐A‐regulated chronic immunostimulation of MuLV‐expressing (pre) leukaemic B cells, are discussed.
IMMUNOGENICITY OF H‐2 POSITIVE AND H‐2 NEGATIVE CLONES OF A MOUSE TUMOUR, GR9
Authors: Garrido M. L. , Pérez M. , Delgado C. , Rojano J. , Algarra I. , Garrido A. , Garrido F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe GR9 tumour was induced with methylcholanthrene in a BALB/c mouse, adapted to tissue culture and cloned without any passage in vivo. GR9 clones were typed for H‐2 with three monoclonal antibodies that define H‐2Kd+ Dd, Kd and Dd antigens. A great heterogeneity of H‐2d expression was found from clones which were Kd and Dd positive to clones Kd and Dd negative. These results were confirmed for A7 and B9 clones using immunoprecipitation with anti‐H‐2D.4 and anti‐H‐2K.31 alloantisera and SDS‐PAGE analysis. In addition, the number of chromosomes per cell was heterogeneous amongst the clones, ranging from 38 ± 2 to pseudotetraploid clones which have 75 ± 2 chromosomes.GR9 clones were injected into syngeneic BALB/c mice to measure local tumour growth. We found that the growth correlated with the amount of H‐2 antigen expressed, i.e. clones with low H‐2d expression were highly malignant while clones with normal H‐2d expression were highly immunogenic. Finally we found that BALB/c mice immunized against A7 (Kd, Dd‐positive) protected against A7, as expected, but surprisingly also against B9 (Kd, Dd‐negative).
EXPRESSION OF MHC CLASS II PRODUCTS ON HUMAN COLORECTAL CANCER AN IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL AND FLOW CYTOMETRIC STUDY
Authors: Moore M. , Ghosh A. K. , Johnston D. , Street A. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe MHC status of epithelial cells from 32 primary colorectal neoplasms, villous adenomata (VA; 2) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; 3) were evaluated using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Class I antigens and β2 microglobulin (β2m) were expressed on all normal, benign, inflammatory and malignant epithelia with the exception of two carcinomas. A more complex pattern of reactivity was encountered with anti‐class II mAbs. Some expression was detected on normal glandular and luminal epithelium, particularly adjacent to the tumour. Inflammatory tissues, VA and 23/32 carcinomas were also antigen‐positive, the proportion of stained epithelial cells ranging from 5% to 90%. Expression was usually non‐coordinate, DR being the predominant specificity followed by DP and DQ, which is suggestive of independent D region gene regulation. The hypothesis that class II expression is induced in vivo by locally generated IFN γ was not confirmed by in vitro treatment with this agent of epithelial colorectal carcinoma‐derived cell lines. These provisional data suggest that although IFN γ may be a necessary stimulus for class II expression it is insufficient and that other factors also influence the responsiveness of tumour cells in this respect.
EXPRESSION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN LAMBDA CHAINS IN THE LABORATORY RAT
Authors: Zhou D. , Leslie G. A. , Guo K. , Gutman G. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe immunized a BALB/c mouse with the lambda‐bearing rat IgG, myeloma IR31, fused its spleen cells with the hybridoma parent line P3.X63.Ag8.653, and isolated a monoclonal antibody (G33/11) directed against rat immunoglobulin lambda chains. We used this antibody to classify two existing rat hybridomas as lambda‐bearing proteins (D4.37HL.252 and PC61.5, and isolated one new lambda‐bearing rat IgM hybridoma, G36/1. All the normal inbred rat sera that were tested contained lambda‐bearing Ig as detected by G33/11, at levels ranging from 1.5% to 13% of the total serum Ig, the mean value being 7.9%. This antibody will be valuable for broadening our understanding of the immunogenetics of the rat, and for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies made in this species.
HETEROGENEITY OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS ELUCIDATED BY CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Authors: Stenszky V. , Kozma L. , Szegedi GY. , Sonkoly I. , Bear J. C. , Farid N. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFor 75 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 39 laboratory and clinical characteristics, including HLA‐A, B, C and DR typing, were analysed using a cluster analysis technique. Three groups were identified. Group I (46 patients) was characterized by infrequently severe disease, good response to therapy and infrequent multisystem involvement. Group I1 (24 patients) was characterized by a severe course of disease (although the tendency to remit after therapy was not unusual), and, frequently, renal involvement and pericarditis. Group 111 (5 patients) was characterized by more severe renal disease. Of the 75 patients studied, 38.7% possessed HLA‐DR3, compared to 17.4% of controls. Group I patients did not differ from controls but 80% of Group II patients and 4/5 Group III patients had DR3. Cluster analysis identifies subsets of SLE patients who show marked differences in disease course and severity, correlated with possession of the HLA B8, DR3 phenotype.
BENT‐LIMB DISEASE IN LAMBS
Authors: Millot P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn crossbred Charmois lambs, Bent‐limb disease appears to be associated with the phenotype ‘z,i’ which corresponds to a doubly recessive genotype at the two loci OL‐Z (a minor lymphocyte antigen locus independent of OLA, the major histocompatibility complex of the sheep) and I (involved in genetic control of the expression of R and O antigens found in various body fluids and on erythrocytes). The disease seems to be controlled by a single autosomal recessive gene, provisionally named bl (its normal or healthy allele Bl being dominant) which is distinct from, though linked to, the genes at the OL‐Z and I loci (observed haplotype: bl,z,i). In the Lacaune breed, besides the already observed bl,r,i haplotype, there is an additional one: bI,z,I. In Vendéen sheep, and in animals which belong to two other breeds, the bl,ZII,I haplotype (bl linked to the two dominant alleles) appears to be relatively frequent. Further studies are needed in order to confirm the genetic hypothesis suggested by the present data.
MONOCLONAL ANTI‐LWab AND ANTI‐D REAGENTS RECOGNIZE A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT EPITOPES
Authors: Shaw M.‐A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which detect antigens on human red cells are also suitable for testing cells of other species. Such studies may reveal previously unrecognized heterogeneity in antibodies which apparently detect the same antigen on the human red cell surface. Information is also provided on specificities shared amongst several species. Here three anti‐LWab and a variety of Rh‐related antibodies have been tested against the red cells of various primates. One monoclonal anti‐LWab antibody, BS46, reacted with the red cells of gorillas and rhesus monkeys but not those of orang‐utans, baboons or marmosets. In contrast, BS56 and NIM‐M8 reacted with the cells of all these species. Chimpanzee cells, however, reacted only with NIM‐M8. Use of primate cells has shown that all three monoclonal anti‐LWab antibodies recognize different epitopes. These observations may explain early conflicting data concerning primate cells. The difference between the monoclonal anti‐D, D4, and three other anti‐D antibodies, 8G2, 8D6 and 7D10, has been confirmed. The D antigen is apparently confined to the red cells of apes and humans. D4 recognizes a polymorphism in chimpanzees and 8G2, 8D6 and 7D10 recognize a polymorphism in gorillas. Two Rh‐related mAbs, R6A and K70, were also investigated. R6A fails to react with Rhnull cells and reacts more weakly with homozygous ‐D‐ cells than with cells of common Rh phenotypes. K70 reacts weakly with Rhnull and ‐D‐/‐D‐ cells. The antigen detected by R6A is confined to the red cells of humans, gorillas and chimpanzees, while the antigen detected by K70 shows a wider species distribution. In some primates LW antigens are expressed in the absence of the determinant recognized by R6A. This phenotype has never been known to occur in humans.
A GENE LOCUS CONTROLLING A SERUM PROTEIN MIGRATING ELECTROPHORETICALLY IN THE β REGION OF MICE AND DETECTED BY USING A STRAIN DERIVED FROM THE JAPANESE WILD MOUSE (MUS MUSCULUS MOLOSSINUS)
Authors: Harada Yoshi‐Nobu , Hayakawa Jun‐Ichiro , Noda Eiko , Tomita Takeshi 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAntigenic specificities of serum proteins from the MOL‐ANJ strain of mice (a strain derived from Japanese wild mice, Mus musculus molossinus) were studied by gel precipitation with alloantisera produced by reciprocal alloimmunization between MOL‐ANJ and BALB/c mice. An alloantigen which migrates immuno‐electrophoretically in the β region of serum proteins has been identified. Evidence indicates that this antigenic specificity is controlled by a co‐dominant autosomal gene locus designated by the symbol Sas‐2. The evidence also suggests that Sas‐2 is genetically different from the previously described Sus‐1 which controls a serum protein in the mouse. Sas‐2 was located by linkage analysis between Zdh‐1 locus and Akp‐1 locus on chromosome 1.
IgA2 ALLOTYPES DETERMINED BY RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM IN IgA DEFICIENCY RE‐EXPRESSION OF THE SILENT A2m(2) ALLOTYPE IN THE CHILDREN OF IgA‐DEFICIENT PATIENTS
Authors: Hammarström L. , Lange G. G. se , Smith C.I.E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIgA2 allotyping was performed on DNA from 60 IgA‐deficient Caucasian individuals. The frequency of A2m(2) was not statistically different from that of normal controls. Two informative families were selected for further studies. In both families, the A2m(2) allotype (derived from the IgA‐deficient parent) was inherited by some of the children, as determined by Southern blotting experiments. In all cases the ‘silent’ IgA2m2 gene was re‐expressed, as judged by conventional serological allotyping of serum proteins. These data strongly argue against structural gene deletions or mutations as a cause of IgA deficiency.
ASSOCIATION OF HLA‐DRw9 WITH MYASTHENIA GRAVIS IN CHINESE
Authors: Chiu H.‐C. , Hsieh R.‐P. , Hsieh K.‐H. , Hung T.‐P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHLA phenotypes were studied in 59 Chinese myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used for typing of HLA‐A, B and C, and B‐enriched lymphocytes for HLA‐DR. Seventy‐nine healthy subjects were included as controls. When compared with healthy controls, the patients showed significant increases in HLA‐Bw46 (47·5% versus 14%, χ2= 18·7, P < 0·001), HLA‐DRw9 (59·3% versus 11%, χ2= 35·7, P < 0.001), while HLA‐DR3 was decreased (3·4% versus 32·9%, χ2= 18·2, P < 0.001). Further analysis showed that the primary association was with DRw9 and the increase in Bw46 was secondary to it. Both HLA‐Bw46 and ‐DRw9 were increased in all subgroups except where the age of onset was greater than 40 years. Finally, the HLA‐A2‐Bw46‐DRw9 combination was also significantly increased in patients (25.4% versus 5.1%, χ2= 11.5, P < 0.001), especially in the subgroups of MG with age of onset of less than 10 and males with age of onset of less than 40 years.
DEFICIENCY OF C4A IS A GENETIC DETERMINANT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN THREE ETHNIC GROUPS
Authors: Dunckley H. , Gatenby P. A. , Hawkins B. , Naito S. , Serjeantson S.W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has shown associations with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II DR antigens and class III complement components C2 and C4 in previous studies. The primary susceptibility locus has been difficult to identify, however, on account of linkage disequilibrium within the MHC. We have studied C4A and C4B distributions in 63 Caucasoid, 75 Chinese and 51 Japanese SLE patients. All three populations showed a statistically significant increase in C4A*Q0 (null) alleles when compared with 323 ethnically matched controls. We conclude that complete or partial deficiency of C4A is a genetic determinant of SLE common to these three ethnically distinct populations.