bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Conserved and Novel Molecular Functions of the Stigma in Rice
Authors: Li Meina , Xu Wenying , Yang Wenqiang , Kong Zhaosheng , Xue Yongbiao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn angiosperms, the stigma provides initial nutrients and guidance cues for pollen grain germination and tube growth. However, little is known about the genes that regulate these processes in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we generate rice stigma-specific or -preferential gene expression profiles through comparing genome-wide expression patterns of hand-dissected, unpollinated stigma at anthesis with seven tissues, including seedling shoot, seedling root, mature anther, ovary at anthesis, seeds 5 d after pollination, 10-d-old embryo, 10-d-old endosperm, and suspension-cultured cells by using both 57 K Affymetrix rice whole-genome array and 10 K rice cDNA microarray. A high reproducibility of the microarray results was detected between the two different technology platforms. In total, we identified 548 genes to be expressed specifically or predominantly in the stigma papillar cells of rice. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of 34 selected genes all confirmed their stigma-specific expression. The expression of five selected genes was further validated by RNA in situ hybridization. Gene Ontology analysis shows that several auxin-signaling components, transcription, and stress-related genes are significantly overrepresented in the rice stigma gene set. Interestingly, most of them also share several cis-regulatory elements with known stress-responsive genes, supporting the notion of an overlap of genetic programs regulating pollination and stress/defense responses. We also found that genes involved in cell wall metabolism and cellular communication appear to be conserved in the stigma between rice and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Our results indicate that the stigmas appear to have conserved and novel molecular functions between rice and Arabidopsis.
Identification of mitochondrial FoF1‐ATP synthase involved in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chang Hee Jin , Lee Min Ro , Hong Sung‐Hye , Yoo Byong Chul , Shin Young‐Kyoung , Jeong Jun Yong , Lim Seok‐Byung , Choi Hyo Seong , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Park Jae‐Gahb 
Published: June 2007

Liver metastasis is a major cause of poor survival of colorectal cancer patients. In order to identify the proteins associated with liver metastasis in colorectal cancer, we carried out two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis‐based comparative proteomic analysis of normal colon mucosa, primary colon cancer tissue and corresponding metastatic tumor tissue in liver. The proteins identified were further validated by immunohistochemical analysis of 67 quadruplet samples of normal colon primary colorectal cancer and normal liver‐synchronous liver metastasis, and 251 colorectal cancers as well as in vitro invasion assay of the human colon cancer cell line, SNU‐81. From proteomic assessment, the mitochondrial FoF1‐ATP synthase (ATP synthase) α‐subunit was identified as a protein that is upregulated in liver metastasis compared with the primary tumor. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a significant increase in the expression of ATP synthase α‐ and d‐subunits in synchronous liver metastasis compared with primary tumor and normal mucosa, respectively. ATP synthase α‐ and d‐subunits were overexpressed in 197 (78.5%) and 190 (75.7%), respectively, of the 251 colorectal cancers. The α‐ and d‐subunits were significantly associated with liver metastasis (P < 0.05) as well as low histological grade (P < 0.0001). The d‐subunit also correlated with venous invasion (P = 0.026) and distant metastasis (P = 0.032). In stage III cancers, d‐subunit expression was independently associated with poor survival (P = 0.017). Furthermore, transfection of small interfering RNA targeted to ATP synthase α‐ and d‐subunits resulted in decreased in vitro invasiveness of the human colon cancer cell line. Our overall findings demonstrate that increased ATP synthase is associated with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1184–1191)
The assessment of multiple variables on breast carcinoma fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology specimens: method, preliminary results and prognostic associations
Authors: PINDER S. E. , WENCYK P. M. , NAYLOR H. E. , BELL J. A. , ELSTON C. W. , ROBERTSON J. F. R. , BLAMEY R. W. , ELLIS I. O. 
Published: June 2007

The assessment of multiple variables on breast carcinoma fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology specimens: method, preliminary results and prognostic associationsWe have assessed multiple biological variables on breast carcinoma FNA specimens using a Cytoblock technique. The growth fraction (MIBI), oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53 mutant protein, c‐erbB‐2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), NCRCl Vepithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and DNA plopidy were examined. Objective quantification using image analysis (CAS 200) was applied as appropriate. Fifty cases were examined in this preliminary study. Excellent correlation between the Cytoblock preparations and parallel tissue sections was seen. Of the cancers, 81% were aneuploid with only 19% diploid in character, but 67% of the carcinomas were of histological grade 3. The mean nuclear area staining with MIBl was 31.3% and with ER was 26.7%. Twenty‐four percent (24.1%) of the nuclear area showed immunoreactivity with PR. Significant immunostaining was seen in 38%, 46%, 38% and 95% of carcinomas with c‐erbB‐2, p53, EGFR and EMA, respectively. A significant association between histological grade of the resected tumours and both MIBl (P=0.04) and EGFR (P=0.02) expression in the Cytoblock samples was seen. p53 (P = 0.03) and EGFR (P=0.01) immunoreactivity showed an association with tumour size. EGFR (P=0.04) immunostaining also showed a relationship with the lymph node status of the patient. The technique is, we believe, a useful one for the assessment of multiple variables on breast cytology specimens; these preliminary data suggest that some of these may be useful in predicting prognosis in breast cancer patients.
Antenatal steroids and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a lack of effect or a case of over‐adjustment?
Authors: Gagliardi Luigi , Bellù Roberto , Rusconi Franca , Merazzi Daniele , Mosca Fabio ,   the Network Neonatale Lombardo Study Group
Published: June 2007

SummaryAlthough antenatal steroids reduce risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants, their effect on BPD is conflicting. We hypothesised that the lack of protective effect found in some studies could derive from over‐adjustment during analysis, caused by controlling for factors intermediate in the causal pathway between treatment and outcome. We prospectively studied a cohort of infants 23–32 weeks gestation <1500 g, admitted to 10 tertiary‐level neonatal units in Lombardy (Italy) in 1999–2002; 1118 neonates out of 1314 survived to 36 weeks; 15.9% developed BPD (oxygen requirement at 36 weeks); 82% were treated with steroids.In univariable analysis, steroids were not significantly protective against BPD; some intermediate factors (mechanical ventilation, greater severity of illness as measured by Clinical Risk Index for Babies score, patent ductus arteriosus) were significantly positively associated with (i.e. were risk factors for) BPD (OR = 11.0, 1.55, 4.42, respectively, all P < 0.001), and negatively associated with (i.e. prevented by) steroids (OR = 0.58, 0.92, and 0.58, respectively, all P < 0.01). In multiple logistic regression models using propensity scores, without the above‐mentioned intermediate risk factors, steroid‐treated infants had a lower risk of BPD (OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.36, 0.97], P = 0.036); male sex (OR = 2.08), late‐onset sepsis (OR = 4.26), and birthweight (OR = 0.63 for 100 g increase) were also associated with BPD, all P < 0.001. When intermediate risk factors for BPD were also added to the model, the effect of steroids disappeared; ventilation (OR = 3.03), increased illness severity (OR = 1.11), and patent ductus arteriosus (OR = 1.90) were significant risk factors.This study suggests that including variables that are potential mediators in the causal chain can obscure the ability to detect a protective effect of treatment. We observed such a phenomenon in our analyses of the relationship between antenatal steroids and BPD, suggesting that steroid effect is partly mediated through a reduction in the classical risk factors.
Increasing prevalence of gastroschisis in Europe 1980–2002: a phenomenon restricted to younger mothers?
Authors: Loane Maria , Dolk Helen , Bradbury Ian ,   a EUROCAT Working Group
Published: June 2007

SummaryGastroschisis is an abdominal wall defect more prevalent in offspring of young mothers. It is known to be increasing in prevalence despite the general decrease in the proportion of births to young European women. We investigated whether the increase in prevalence was restricted to the high‐risk younger mothers. We analysed 936 cases of gastroschisis from 25 population‐based registries in 15 European countries, 1980–2002. We fitted a Bayesian Hierarchical Model which allowed us to estimate trend, to estimate which registries were significantly different from the common distribution, and to adjust simultaneously for maternal age, time (in grouped years) and the random variation between registries.The maternal age‐standardised prevalence (standardised to the year 2000 European maternal age structure) increased almost fourfold from 0.54 [95% Credible Interval (CrI) 0.37, 0.75] per 10 000 births in 1980–84 to 2.12 [95% CrI 1.85, 2.40] per 10 000 births in 2000–02. The relative risk of gastroschisis for mothers <20 years of age in 1995–2002 was 7.0 [95% CrI 5.6, 8.7]. There were geographical differences within Europe, with higher rates of gastroschisis in the UK, and lower rates in Italy after adjusting for maternal age. After standardising for regional variation, our results showed that the increase in risk over time was the same for mothers of all ages – the increase for mothers <20 years was 3.96‐fold compared with an increase of 3.95‐fold for mothers in the other age groups. These findings indicate that the phenomenon of increasing gastroschisis prevalence is not restricted to younger mothers only.
Caffeine intake and small‐for‐gestational‐age birth: modifying effects of xenobiotic‐metabolising genes and smoking
Authors: Infante‐Rivard Claire 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe relationship between caffeine consumption and small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) birth remains uncertain. However, factors that can influence caffeine metabolism, such as genetic polymorphisms, have not been considered, while other similar factors such as smoking and ethnicity have not always been fully accounted for in the interpretation of results. A case–control study was carried out comprising 493 cases and 472 controls. Cases were newborns whose birthweight was below the 10th percentile according to gestational age and sex, based on national norms, and controls were at or above the 10th percentile. Caffeine consumption from beverages was estimated for each pregnancy trimester. Maternal and newborn variants in the CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 genes involved in the metabolism of caffeine were determined.Contrasting consumption ≥300 mg/day with a lower level, or using caffeiwne as a continuous measure, while adjusting for smoking and nausea, showed no increased risk for SGA. However, when stratifying for cigarette smoking, caffeine odds ratios (for the continuous and dichotomous measures) in the first trimester were statistically heterogeneous, suggesting a greater risk among non‐smokers. Using birthweight as the outcome and caffeine as a continuous measure, a small 38 g [95% confidence interval −68, −8] decrement for every 100 mg of daily caffeine was observed in the third trimester. The studied polymorphisms did not modify the effect of caffeine. Caffeine consumption is unlikely to be a major risk factor for SGA or low birthweight in pregnant women.
The rice bHLH protein OsIRO2 is an essential regulator of the genes involved in Fe uptake under Fe‐deficient conditions
Authors: Ogo Yuko , Nakanishi Itai Reiko , Nakanishi Hiromi , Kobayashi Takanori , Takahashi Michiko , Mori Satoshi , Nishizawa Naoko K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIron (Fe) deficiency is a major abiotic stress in crop production. Although responses to Fe deficiency in graminaceous plants, such as increased production and secretion of mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs), have been described, the gene regulation mechanisms related to these responses are largely unknown. To elucidate the regulation mechanisms of the genes related to Fe acquisition in graminaceous plants, we characterized the Fe‐deficiency‐inducible basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor OsIRO2 in rice. In yeast cells, OsIRO2 functioned as a transcriptional activator. In rice, overexpression of OsIRO2 resulted in increased MAs secretion, whereas repression of OsIRO2 resulted in lower MAs secretion and hypersensitivity to Fe deficiency. Northern blots revealed that the expression of the genes involved in the Fe(III)–MAs transport system was dependent on OsIRO2. The expression of the genes for nicotianamine synthase, a key enzyme in MAs synthesis, was notably affected by the level of OsIRO2 expression. Microarray analysis demonstrated that OsIRO2 regulates 59 Fe‐deficiency‐induced genes in roots. Some of these genes, including two transcription factors upregulated by Fe deficiency, possessed the OsIRO2 binding sequence in their upstream regions. OsIRO2 possesses a homologous sequence of the Fe‐deficiency‐responsive cis‐acting elements (IDEs) in its upstream region. We propose a novel gene regulation network for Fe‐deficiency responses, including OsIRO2, IDEs and the two transcription factors.
The Watermark disease is not transmitted with one‐year‐old cuttings of Salix alba
Authors: Kam M.de 
Published: June 2007

AbstractExamination of 373 one‐year‐old Salix alba cuttings collected from both healthy and diseased stools revealed that Erwinia salicis was present in one cutting only, even when the cuttings had been taken from diseased stools. Thus it can be inferred that the transmission of Watermark disease by means of this propagation material is negligible.
Host range and pathogenicity studies of Marssonina castagnei to poplars
Authors: Spiers A. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLaboratory studies investigating the host range and pathogenicity of Marssonina castagnei (Desm. + Mont.)Magn. to poplars established that this species was not specifically pathogenic to P. alba but also to cultivars of the Sections Aigeiros, Tacamahaca, and inter sectional hybrids Aigciros × Tacamahaca, Leuce × Aigeiros and Lcucc × Tacamahaca. The potential threat of this pathogen could be reduced by routine screening of new selections for resistance.
Dendroklimatologische Untersuchungen zum Tannensterben
Authors: Von Eckstein D. , Aniol R. W. , Bauch J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Dendroclimatological investigations on fir dicback. The dendrodimatological analysis of fir trees revealed that dry summers, in particular the summer 1976, did not cause fir dieback. As possible influencing factor, long‐term air pollution is taken into consideration.
Fungicidal control of Marssonina brunnea on poplar seed
Authors: Gspiers A. , Wenilam H. T. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Marssonina brunnea infection of poplar seedlings was prevented by dusting artificially contaminated seed with benomyl, captafol, chlorothalonil, dodine, thiophanate and thiram applied as full strength formulated product and as a 1:1 mixture of formulated product and talc. Storage of seed dusted with a 1:1 mixture of fungicide and talc at ‐ 18°C. for 4 months did not affect seed germination nor seedling vigour.
Comparison of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from pine and balsam fir1
Authors: Wingfield M. J. , Blanchette A. , Kondo E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was found on balsam fir in Minnesota and Wisconsin but was apparently not the primary cause of tree mortality. Unlike B. xylophilus from pine, adult females from balsam fir bad mucronate tails similar to those of B. mucronatus. However, B. xylophilus from balsam fir mated with B. xylophilus from pine and not with B. mucronatus. The balsam fir isolate of B. xylophilus was pathogenic on greenhouse grown balsam fir seedlings and did not kill Scots or red pine seedlings. The converse was true for a pine isolate of B. xylophilus from Minnesota which killed pine and not balsam fir seedlings. Pine and balsam fir isolates of B. xylophilus reproduced equally well on cultures of Botrytis cinera, but the balsam fir isolate reproduced minimally on cultures of Ceratocystis ips.
REM‐Beitrag zum Befall von Chrysomyxa abietis Teleutosporenlagern durch Mückenlarven
Authors: Grill D. , Fachbach G. , Brunegger A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract SEM‐Contribution to the attack of Chrysomyxa abietis teliospore‐layers by larvae of a midge. Larvae of a non‐identified midge (mycodiplosis group, Diptera Cecidomyidae) feed on spore layers of Chrysomyxa abietis, a parasite of spruce needles. This paper reports information about the biology and behaviour of that midge in connection with the fungus.
The mating system of Fomes annosus (Heterobasidion annosum)
Authors: Holt Ch. E. , Gockel H. , Huttermann A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConditions are described which allow reproducible formation of fruiting bodies of Fomes annosus under sterile conditions, suitable for genetic studies. Analysis of the progeny of a fruiting body isolated from woods revealed a bipolar mechanism of genetic control of fruiting body formation as well as “Grenz‐haut”‐formation.
Relationship between canker size and wood starch in American chestnut
Authors: Ostrofsky Andrea , SHIGO A. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChestnut trees (Castanca dentata) were wounded in May and inoculated with Cryphonectria parasitica. In August, canker area was measured and the surfaces of longitudinal dissections of stem wood were stained with I2KI to reveal the presence of starch. Sections with the most starch had smaller cankers than sections with no starch. Results show that starch reserves were related to canker size and therefore may play a role in the tree's ability to respond to infection.
Possible role of slugs as vectors of the chestnut blight fungus
Authors: Turchetti T. , Chelazzi G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSlugs (Lchmannia marginata Müller) were observed moving and feeding on chestnut blight cankers in woods. Preliminary laboratory tests support the hypothesis that slugs are important vectors in the natural spreading of the blight, complementary to other physical and biological factors.
Comparative studies of host specificity and symptoms exhibited by poplars infected with Marssonina brunnea, Marssonina castagnei and Marssonina populi
Authors: Spiers A. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInoculation of a range of poplar species and clones with conidia of Marssonina species in the laboratory resulted in the identification of two formae speciales of M. brunnea, and established that M. castagnei was not specifically pathogenic to P. alba. Poplars infected with M. brunnea, M. castagnei and M. populi exhibited an overlapping range of symptoms, varying from discrete spots to blotches. The dendritic lesion symptom was peculiar to M. populi and was host specific.
Stammfäuleanteile in Fichtenreinbeständen und in Mischbeständen1
Authors: SIEPMANN R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Butt rot of Picea abies in pure and in mixed stands. On comparable soils, stands with Picea abies and P, abies mixed with other tree species were analysed for butt rot. In mixed stands the percentage of butt rot in P. abies was about the same as in pure stands.
Begasungsversuche mit SO2 und Ozon an jungen Fichten
Authors: Smidt S. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Fumigation experiments with SO2 and ozone on young spruces. Needles of 5 year old Picea abies showed increased necrosis with increase in ozone or SO2 fumigation. Peroxidase activity increased without obvious injury after SO2 treatment. Soluble sulfhydril compounds were most suitable for detecting SO2 treatments. SO2‐ozone mixture produced an effect greater than SO2 or ozone alone.
Effect of air pollution at a motorway on the infestation of Viburnum opulus by Aphis fabae
Authors: Bolsinger M. , Flückiger W. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Viburnum opulus L. is significantly more infested by Aphis fabae Scop, in the vicinity of a frequented motorway. Experiments with clean air and ambient air chambers show that air pollution is a predominant factor influencing the development of the aphid population.
Observations on the colonization of oak wilt mats (Ceratocystis fagacearum) by Pesotum piceae
Authors: Ruetze M. , Parameswaran N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSubcortical mats of Ceratocystis fagacearum were found to become readily overgrown by Pesotum piceae. Thus by reducing the chance of contamination of insect vectors with spores of the pathogen P. piceae is likely to contribute to the low efficiency of oak wilt transmissions.
Deterioration of mycorrhizal short roots and occurrence of Mycelium radicis atrovirens on declining Norway spruce in Bavaria
Authors: Livingston W. H. , Blaschke H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFrom four locations in Bavaria, the only known pathogenic fungi identified from fine roots (< 2mm dia) of declining Norway spruce (Picea abics) were Cylindrocarpon destructans and Mycelium radicis atrovirens, the latter being much more common (25 vs. 95 isolations from 219 root segments). Norway spruce from six additional locations were sampled for mycorrhizae and fine roots. There were always more active mycorrhizal root tips (1.28 to 3.44 fold) on spruce which were less symptomatic of decline [P(T) = 0.0156]. However, the occurrence of inactive mycorrhizae and M. r. atrovirens were similar on all spruce that were sampled. In tins study, no evidence was found that a root pathogen is causing the deterioration in the fine root system of declining Norway spruce.
Über das Vorkommen von Rickettsien‐ähnlichen Bakterien und Mykoplasmen‐ähnlichen Organismen in Buchen aus Waldschadensgebieten
Authors: Parameswaran N. , Liese W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of rickettsia‐like bacteria and mycoplasma‐like structures is reported from the roots and secondary phloem of beech trees from areas in Black Forests and Lower Saxony affected by forest die‐back. The significance of the presence of these primitive organisms for the premature yellowing of leaves observed has still to be solved.
Trichoderma viride on cypress shoots and antagonistic action against Seiridium cardinale
Authors: Magro P. , Di Lenna P. , Marciano P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractsThe recovery of Trichoderma viride from shoots of Cupressus sempervirens L. in different localities of Northern Italy and its antagonistic action against Seiridium cardinale, agent of the cypress canker, are described.
Über das Vorkommen von Armillaria‐Arten und‐Klonen in benachbarten Koniferenbeständen, Mischbeständen und in Laubwald1
Authors: Siepmann R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Occurrence of species and clones of Armillaria in spruce stands, mixed stands and hardwood stands in close neighbourhood. From Armillarid rhizomorphs (collected around trees) and from spruce butt rots, isolates of the diploids were made. In pairings between the diploid isolates and haploid testers from the five (European) biological species (BULLER phenomenon) the mating reactions often were not clear enough to identify the diploids. So carpophores were raised from the isolates and single spore cultures were obtained. In pairings with the haploid testers Armillaria borealis, A. bulbosa and A. bulbosa were identified. Usually more than one Armillaria species and from each species more than one clone occurred in each stand.