bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microporosity evolution in polymer‐derived SiOC glasses pyrolyzed in different atmospheres
Authors: Cassetta Michele , Peterlik Herwig , Konegger Thomas , Daldosso Nicola , Sorarù Gian Domenico , Biesuz Mattia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs) are a class of advanced materials obtained by pyrolysis in a controlled atmosphere of an organosilicon polymer. Their functional as well as mechanical properties originate from the peculiar nanostructures developed during the pyrolysis. Herein, we investigate the formation of transient microporosity in a model PDC (methyl‐silsesquioxane) obtained in Ar, Ar–5%H2, CO2, and air. It is shown that a common evolution can be detected up to 700°C. At this temperature, the structure of the material in terms of chemical bonds is marginally changed (only redistribution reactions take place), but the medium‐range order is clearly modified moving the system to a more disordered state (detected by small angle x‐ray scattering [SAXS]) and causing the formation of a large amount of open micropores sized at about 1.2–1.7 nm. In the 700–800°C range, the proper ceramization starts causing the formation of a new class of small (around 1 nm) open micropores. These partially annihilate at 900°C in Ar and Ar–H2 (i.e., in the second part of the ceramization process), whereas they totally collapse in CO2 due to the formation of a more silica‐like SiOC (less polymerized and viscous). Finally, SAXS points out the persistence of relatively large closed nanovoids of about 1 nm at 1250°C for the samples treated in Ar and Ar–H2. These might explain anomalies in terms of density, elastic modulus, and thermal conductivity of this class of ceramics as reported in the literature.
Spatial phylogenetics of Fagales: Investigating drivers of temperate forest distributions
Authors: Folk R. A. , Siniscalchi C. M. , Doby J. , Kates H. R. , Manchester S. R. , Soltis P. S. , Soltis D. E. , Guralnick R. P. , Belitz M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimQuantifying the phylogenetic diversity of temperate trees is essential for understanding the processes that have shaped the modern distribution of temperate broadleaf forest and other major forest biomes. Here, we focus on Fagales, an iconic member of forests worldwide, to uncover global diversity and endemism patterns and investigate the distribution of root nodule symbiosis (RNS), an important morphological specialisation in this clade, as a key factor behind these patterns.LocationGlobal.TaxonFagales.MethodsWe combined phylogenetic data covering 60.2% of living species, fine‐scale distribution models covering 90% of species, and nodulation data covering all species to investigate the distribution of species richness and phylogenetic diversity at fine spatial scales compared to the distribution of RNS. We identify abiotic environmental factors associated with RNS and with Fagales diversity in general.ResultsWe find the highest species richness in temperate east Asia, eastern North America, and equatorial montane regions of Asia and Central America. By contrast, relative phylogenetic diversity (RPD) is highest at higher latitudes, where RNS also predominates. We found a strong spatial structuring of regionalisations of Fagales floras, reflecting distinct Northern and Southern Hemisphere floras (except a unique Afro‐Boreal region), each with distinct RNS‐environment relationships.Main ConclusionsAlthough species richness and phylogenetic regionalisation for Fagales accord well with traditional biogeographic concepts for temperate forests, this is not the case for RPD. RNS is almost universal in the highest RPD regions, which may reflect ecological filtering promoting RNS in these regions. Our results highlight the utility of global‐scale, clade‐specific spatial phylogenetics and its utility for understanding drivers of diversity in species‐rich clades.
A joint evaluation method of regulated‐learning and cognitive quality in collaborative knowledge building
Authors: Gao Yu , Wu Linjing , Lv Xiaotong , Ma Xinqian , Liu Qingtang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundBoth socially regulated learning and cognitive quality are important factors affecting collaborative knowledge building, but the current research lacks a joint quantified evaluation method that combines these two aspects.ObjectivesBased on the existing framework, we proposed a joint evaluation method for regulated learning and cognitive quality in collaborative knowledge building, and further extracted the evaluation indicators.MethodsThis study involved 74 learners enrolled in a course named ‘the Application of Modern Educational Technology’ as the subject of study, and made a case analysis with this method.Results and ConclusionsFirst, the indicators of this joint evaluation method could complement the indicators of traditional frequency statistics methods and facilitate an analysis of regulated learning and cognitive quality in collaborative knowledge building. Second, the group with a higher proportion of high‐level cognitive quality and socially shared regulation in collaborative knowledge building achieved better final scores. Finally, four types of groups were obtained through clustering: excellent, risky, mixed group, and highly collaborative group. This study introduced a joint evaluation method for regulated learning and cognitive quality in collaborative knowledge building and provides suggestions for future research.
Purine metabolism in lung adenocarcinoma: A single‐cell analysis revealing prognostic and immunotherapeutic insights
Authors: Zhang Pengpeng , Pei Shengbin , Zhou Guangyao , Zhang Mengzhe , Zhang Lianmin , Zhang Zhenfa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a prevalent subtype of lung cancer, yet the contribution of purine metabolism (PM) to its pathogenesis remains poorly elucidated. PM, a critical component of intracellular nucleotide synthesis and energy metabolism, is hypothesized to exert a significant influence on LUAD development. Herein, we employed single‐cell analysis to investigate the role of PM within the tumour microenvironment (TME) of LUAD. PM scoring (PMS) across distinct cell types was determined using AUCell, UCell, singscore and AddModuleScore algorithms. Subsequently, we explored communication networks among cells within high‐ and low‐PMS groups, establishing a robust PM‐associated signature (PAS) utilizing a comprehensive dataset comprising LUAD samples from TCGA and five GEO datasets. Our findings revealed that the high‐PMS group exhibited intensified cell interactions, while the PAS, constructed using PM‐related genes, demonstrated precise prognostic predictive capability. Notably, analysis across the TCGA dataset and five GEO datasets indicated that low‐PAS patients exhibited a superior prognosis. Furthermore, the low‐PAS group displayed increased immune cell infiltration and elevated CD8A expression, coupled with reduced PD‐L1 expression. Moreover, data from eight publicly available immunotherapy cohorts suggested enhanced immunotherapy outcomes in the low‐PAS group. These results underscore a close association between PAS and tumour immunity, offering predictive insights into genomic alterations, chemotherapy drug sensitivity and immunotherapy responses in LUAD. The newly established PAS holds promise as a valuable tool for selecting LUAD populations likely to benefit from future clinical stratification efforts.
A single‐chain antibody construct with specificity of a natural IgM antibody reduces hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Yang Zhi , Li Chunmei , Wang Yongqin , Dong Wei , Yang Moujie , Jin Junfei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNatural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies have been shown to recognize post‐ischemic neoepitopes following reperfusion of tissues and to activate complement. Specifically, IgM antibodies and complement have been shown to drive hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Herein, we investigate the therapeutic effect of C2 scFv (single‐chain antibody construct with specificity of a natural IgM antibody) on hepatic IRI in C57BL/6 mice. Compared with PBS‐treated mice, C2 scFv‐treated mice displayed almost no necrotic areas, significant reduction in serum ALT, AST and LDH levels, and significantly reduced in the number of TUNEL positive cells. Moreover, C2 scFv‐treated mice exhibited a notable reduction in inflammatory cells after hepatic IRI than PBS‐treated mice. The serum IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α and MPC‐1 levels were also severely suppressed by C2 scFv. Interestingly, C2 scFv reconstituted hepatic inflammation and IRI in Rag1−/− mice. We found that C2 scFv promoted hepatic cell death and increased inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells after hepatic IRI in Rag1−/− mice. In addition, IgM and complement 3d (C3d) were deposited in WT mice and in Rag1−/− mice reconstituted with C2 scFv, indicating that C2 scFv can affect IgM binding and complement activation and reconstitute hepatic IRI. C3d expression was significantly lower in C57BL/6 mice treated with C2 scFv compared to PBS, indicating that excessive exogenous C2 scFv inhibited complement activation. These data suggest that C2 scFv alleviates hepatic IRI by blocking complement activation, and treatment with C2 scFv may be a promising therapy for hepatic IRI.
Long‐term outcomes after rehabilitation in Medicare Advantage and fee‐for‐service beneficiaries
Authors: Lam Kenneth , Kleijwegt Hannah , Bollens‐Lund Evan , Nicholas Lauren H. , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Ankuda Claire K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundFinancial incentives in capitated Medicare Advantage (MA) plans may lead to inadequate rehabilitation. We therefore investigated if MA enrollees had worse long‐term physical performance and functional outcomes after rehabilitation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries in the nationally representative National Health and Aging Trends Study. We compared MA and fee‐for‐service (FFS) beneficiaries reporting rehabilitation between 2014 and 2017 by change in (1) Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and (2) NHATS‐derived Functional Independence Measure (FIM) from the previous year, using t‐tests incorporating inverse‐probability weighting and complex survey design. Secondary outcomes were self‐reported: (1) improved function during rehabilitation, (2) worse function since rehabilitation ended, (3) meeting rehabilitation goals, and (4) meeting insurance limits.ResultsAmong 738 MA and 1488 FFS participants, weighted mean age was 76 years (SD 7.0), 59% were female, and 9% had probable dementia. MA beneficiaries were more likely to be Black (9% vs. 6%) or Hispanic/other race (15% vs. 10%), be on Medicaid (14% vs. 10%), have lower income (median $35,000 vs. $48,000), and receive <1 month of rehabilitation (30% vs. 23%). MA beneficiaries had a similar decline in SPPB (−0.46 [SD 1.8] vs. −0.21 [SD 2.7], p‐value 0.069) and adapted FIM (−1.05 [SD 3.7] vs. −1.13 [SD 5.45], p‐value 0.764) compared to FFS. MA beneficiaries were less likely to report improved function during rehabilitation (61% [95% CI 56–67] vs. 70% [95% CI 67–74], p‐value 0.006). Other outcomes and analyses restricted to inpatient rehabilitation participants were non‐significant.Conclusions and RelevanceMA enrollment was associated with lower likelihood of self‐reported functional improvement during rehabilitation but no clinically or statistically significant differences in annual changes of physical performance or function. As MA expands, future studies must monitor implications on rehabilitation coverage and older adults' independence.
Experiences of healthcare professionals, patients and families with video calls to stimulate patient‐ and family‐centred care during hospitalization: A scoping review
Authors: Musters Selma C. , Coolen Celeste M. , Jongerden Irene P. , Schijven Marlies P. , Maaskant Jolanda M. , Eskes Anne M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo synthesize the literature on the experiences of patients, families and healthcare professionals with video calls during hospital admission. Second, to investigate facilitators and barriers of implementation of video calls in hospital wards.DesignScoping review.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications in the period between 2011 and 2023. Publications were selected if they focused on experiences of patients, families or healthcare professionals with video calls between patients and their families; or between families of hospitalized patients and healthcare professionals. Quantitative and qualitative data were summarized in data charting forms.ResultsForty‐three studies were included. Patients and families were satisfied with video calls as it facilitated daily communication. Family members felt more engaged and felt they could provide support to their loved ones during admission. Healthcare professionals experienced video calls as an effective way to communicate when in‐person visits were not allowed. However, they felt that video calls were emotionally difficult as it was hard to provide support at distance and to use communication skills effectively. Assigning local champions and training of healthcare professionals were identified as facilitators for implementation. Technical issues and increased workload were mentioned as main barriers.ConclusionPatients, families and healthcare professionals consider video calls as a good alternative when in‐person visits are not allowed. Healthcare professionals experience more hesitation towards video calls during admission, as it increases perceived workload. In addition, they are uncertain whether video calls are as effective as in‐person conservations.Implications for the Clinical PracticeWhen implementing video calls in hospital wards, policymakers and healthcare professionals should select strategies that address the positive aspects of family involvement at distance and the use of digital communication skills.Patient ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Guaranteed Basic Income from the Perspective of Self‐Determination Theory
Authors: Howard Joshua L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn capitalistic societies the concepts of income and labour are inseparable, and as such, providing all citizens with an unconditional living wage is a contentious issue. Capitalist ideals that emphasize individual effort, competition, and financial prosperity have spurred tremendous economic growth but underestimate human motivation and have implications for human wellbeing. The aim of this essay is to examine the implications of guaranteed basic income based on existing data from the perspective of self‐determination theory, a humanistic theory of motivation that considers both practical performance‐related outcomes as well as human flourishing. I discuss the motivational dynamics involved in labour participation rates, how basic income may impact basic psychological needs and wellbeing, how basic income may impact workplace environments, and whether neoliberal capitalist values are a useful framework through which to discuss basic income. From this perspective, the benefits of basic income to individuals and society are promising. A shift in values from hyper‐rational competitive ideologies towards more humanistic frameworks such as self‐determination theory may be beneficial for not only for basic income and management research, but also the evaluation of public policy.
Chitosan‐based dressing for management of palatal donor site: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yadav Vikender Singh , Makker Kanika , Haidrus Razia , Dawar Anika , Gumber Bhumika 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a chitosan‐based dressing (CD) in achieving early wound healing and hemostasis at palatal donor sites in patients undergoing free gingival graft (FGG) surgery.MethodsThirty‐two patients requiring FGG were treated in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Complete epithelialization (CE) and color match (CM) at donor sites were assessed by a blinded examiner on postoperative days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Donor sites were compressed for 2 min with wet gauze (WG) alone in control group (CG) or WG + CD in test group (TG) immediately after graft harvesting, and immediate bleeding (IB) was recorded (yes/no). Delayed bleeding (DB) (for 1 week), and number of analgesic tablets consumed, and VAS scores for pain (for 2 weeks) were recorded by patient every day.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients (14 in each group) were included in final analysis. The prevalence of CE (at weeks 2 and 3) and VAS scores for CM scores were higher in TG but the intergroup differences were statistically significant only for CM (at week 4). Number of patients exhibiting IB and DB was significantly fewer in the TG (p < .05). Although average pain scores and analgesic consumption were higher in TG up to 5 days, differences between two groups were not statistically significant at any time point.ConclusionOur data suggests that the application of CD increased re‐epithelialization and accelerated wound healing process, although it did not reach statistical significance. Moreover, CD was found to significantly reduce bleeding complications, but it did not decrease the pain levels.
Histopathological diagnosis and surgical complications following bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of unilateral canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma: 35 cases (2019‐2023)
Authors: Franca A. , Stamenova P. , Thompson J. L. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo report the histopathological diagnosis of both anal sacs in dogs undergoing bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of unilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma and to compare the surgical complication rate associated with this procedure in this population with previously published literature.Materials and MethodsRecords were retrospectively reviewed for dogs that underwent bilateral anal sacculectomy for the treatment of apparently unilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, at a single institute between 2019 and 2023. Clinical staging, surgical treatment, histological findings, intra‐ and postoperative complications were evaluated.ResultsThirty‐five dogs were included. Only five of 35 (14%) dogs were found to have histologically normal contralateral anal sacs. Non‐neoplastic anal sac disease was found in 23 of 35 (66%) dogs and bilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma was seen in seven of 35 (20%) dogs. None of the dogs diagnosed with bilateral neoplasia had evidence of bilateral neoplasia before surgery despite a thorough work‐up. Complications attributable to the primary tumour removal were seen in 9% of dogs intraoperatively and 14% of dogs postoperatively, commonly tumour capsule disruption and surgical site infection, respectively.Clinical SignificanceBilateral anal sac disease was diagnosed histologically in the majority of presumed normal anal sacs, with 20% of cases being found to have bilateral apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. The surgical complication rates of this cohort were comparable to those reported for unilateral anal sacculectomy alone. These findings promote and encourage the use of bilateral anal sacculectomy in cases of suspected unilateral anal sac neoplasia.
Trends in substance use among sexual minority adolescents in South Korea
Authors: Joung Kyoung Hwa , Okoye Helen , Rana Monica , Saewyc Elizabeth M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeSubstance use, that is of cigarettes, alcohol and chemical inhalants, is a major contributor to health‐compromising behaviors and the related consequences among adolescents around the world. The purpose of this paper is to examine trends in this phenomenon in South Korea among sexually active adolescents who reported sexual minority behaviors as compared to their heterosexual (HS) peers.Design and MethodsThis study used data from the annual web‐based survey called Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey in 5‐year intervals: 2006, 2011, and 2016. From 2017, the questions regarding the gender of sex partners were excluded from the survey, thus no data is available for sexual minorities after 2016. Selected data (Unweighted n = 10,029) was used to assess whether substance use increased, decreased, or remained unchanged among adolescents who reported same‐sex (SS) behaviors and bisexual (BS) behaviors compared to their peers reporting HS behaviors. Demographic variables included age and assigned gender. Substances referred to are cigarettes, alcohol, and chemical inhalants. Logistic regression models were sex‐stratified according to assigned gender. Trend analyses were carried out to examine disparities in substance use among sexually active adolescents across the three survey years.ResultsAcross the three survey years, cigarette use, alcohol use, and problematic drinking declined among all sexually active youths, but there were some differences among the subgroups. In 2016, SS girls were more likely to use cigarettes than HS girls. The prevalence of alcohol use and problematic drinking among BS girls was relatively higher than among girls who exhibited either HS or SS behaviors. Inhalant use was very high among both boys and girls with SS and BS behaviors.Practice ImplicationsThe findings of the study reveal disparities in substance use between sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents in South Korea. This creates an alarm for collecting data separately for sexually diverse youth in future Korean national surveys with a goal of reducing substance use among all adolescents.
Pressure–temperature–time controls on shock vein formation within the Steen River impact structure
Authors: Hopkins Randy G. , Spray John. G. , Walton Erin L. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThermodynamic modeling has been applied to determine pressure–temperature–time conditions leading to shock vein formation during the passage of a natural shock wave generated by hypervelocity impact. The approach is novel in considering both shock front and rarefaction pressures, as well as simultaneously forming and cooling the shock veins via two‐dimensional steady‐state conduction. Model results are tested using shock veins developed in granitic rocks that constitute the central uplift of the Steen River impact structure in Canada. Here, two variants of majoritic garnet were generated in different settings: (1) along the margins of shock veins due to pargasite and biotite breakdown (accompanied by maskelynite formation), and (2) within the originally molten shock vein matrix as newly grown crystals. We determine that during shock vein formation, the shock front pressure and wave width at the reconstructed sample location were 18 GPa and 830 m, respectively, with a dwell time of 160 ms. Intra‐vein melting at 2150°C was attained within 1 μs. Melt cooled to the solidus in 150 ms following shock front passage. Majoritic garnet formation was facilitated by the high temperatures realized within the veins as a result of frictional melting that accompanied shock loading. The calculated pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) path provides constraints on the formation conditions of majoritic garnet at Steen River. The model results independently support previously determined P–T conditions based on mineral stability fields. The vein margin garnets (35–39 mole% majorite) and maskelynite formed first under higher P–T conditions for a longer duration (36 ms). The matrix garnets (11–22 mole% majorite) crystallized from melt under lower P–T conditions and for a shorter duration (22 ms). Our results indicate that shock pressure alone should not be used as a basis for shock classification. Instead, the interplay between pressure and temperature with time and the duration of shock immersion (dwell) must be considered.