bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and ecological consequences of abiotic heterogeneity in managed cork oak forests of Southern Spain
Authors: Quilchano C. , Marañón T. , Pérez‐Ramos I. M. , Noejovich L. , Valladares F. , Zavala M. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpatial heterogeneity of abiotic factors influences the structure and function of forests and must be taken into account for their conservation and sustainable management. In this study, we evaluate the heterogeneity of abiotic environmental variables in managed cork oak (Quercus suberL.) forests in southern Spain at patch, site and regional scales. The extent of spatial heterogeneity depended on the environmental variable examined and the scale considered. For example, soil Mn and P and light availability in the understorey were very heterogeneous at the regional scale, while soil N had low regional heterogeneity, but high spatial variability, at patch scale, attributed to open overstorey and grazing disturbance. There was a general trend of increasing heterogeneity with spatial scale. We also study the effects of a silvicultural practice—shrub clearing on the forest environment and its consequence for spatial heterogeneity. Shrub clearing increased understorey light and decreased its spatial heterogeneity with idiosyncratic effects on soil properties and their spatial heterogeneity at each site. Finally, we compare the heterogeneity (estimated by the coefficient of variation) obtained in these cork oak forests with a database compiled from published studies on other forest environments. The comparison revealed a remarkable extent of abiotic heterogeneity in the cork oak forests studied, suggesting that a sustainable management of these forests should combine intrinsic and human induced abiotic heterogeneity to preserve crucial ecological processes and to maintain high levels of biodiversity.
Remarks on global controllability for the Burgers equation with two control forces
Authors: Guerrero S. , Imanuvilov O.Yu. 
Published: February 2007

In this paper we deal with the viscous Burgers equation. We study the exact controllability properties of this equation with general initial condition when the boundary control is acting at both endpoints of the interval. In a first result, we prove that the global exact null controllability does not hold for small time. In a second one, we prove that the exact controllability result does not hold even for large time.

Résumé
Ce papier concerne l'équation de Burgers visqueuse. On étudie les propriétés de contrôlabilité exacte de cette équation quand on contrôle les deux extrémités de l'intervalle. Dans un premier résultat, on démontre que la contrôlabilité globale à zéro n'est pas vraie pour un temps petit. Enfin, dans un deuxième résultat on démontre que la contrôlabilité exacte n'est pas vraie pour un temps long.
Effect of iron supplementation on physical growth in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Sachdev HPS , Gera Tarun , Nestel Penelope 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of iron supplementation on physical growth in children through a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sourcesElectronic databases, personal files, and hand search of reviews, bibliographies of books, abstracts and proceedings of international conferences.Review methodsRCTs evaluating change in anthropometry with interventions that included oral or parenteral iron supplementation, or iron-fortified formula milk or cereals, were analysed.ResultsTwenty-five trials (26 cohorts) had relevant information. There was no evidence of publication bias. The pooled estimates (random effects model) did not document a statistically significant (P<0.05) positive effect of iron supplementation on any anthropometric variable (weight-for-age, weight-for-height, height-for-age, mid upper-arm circumference, skinfold thickness, head circumference). Significant heterogeneity was evident, and its predictors included greater weight-for-age in supplemented children in malaria hyperendemic regions and greater weight-for-height for children above 5 years of age, but a negative effect on linear growth in developed countries and with supplementation for 6 months or longer.ConclusionsThis review did not document a positive effect of iron supplementation on the physical growth of children. The identified predictors of heterogeneity should be considered as exploratory and requiring confirmation, not conclusive
Validity of a food-frequency questionnaire for elderly men in southeast China
Authors: Jian Le , Binns Colin W , Lee Andy H 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the internal validity of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for a case–control study of prostate cancer in southeast China.DesignA comprehensive questionnaire comprising a quantitative FFQ and a short food habit questionnaire (SFHQ) was developed and modified from previous cancer and nutritional studies. The Goldberg formula (ratio of energy intake (EI) to basal metabolic rate (BMR), EI/BMR) was used to assess the validity of the FFQ by making comparisons with physical activity levels. Physical activity levels were measured by the estimated total metabolic equivalents (MET) and the ratio of energy expenditure (EE) to BMR (EE/BMR). Correlation analyses were undertaken to compare the SFHQ variables with those of the quantitative FFQ.SettingHangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.SubjectsA total of 404 men over 45 years old with or without prostate cancer were recruited from eight hospitals.ResultsThe partial correlation coefficients, controlling for age and family history of prostate cancer, were moderate to high (P < 0.05) for preserved foods intake, fat consumption and tea drinking variables between the SFHQ and the quantitative FFQ. The average EI/BMR was 1.72, with 76% of subjects exceeding the Goldberg cut-off value of 1.35. Apart from weight, BMI, EE/BMR and MET, there were no significant differences in characteristics between low (< 1.35) and normal EI/BMR groups.ConclusionsThe FFQ is demonstrated to be a valid instrument to measure energy and food intake for elderly men in southeast China.
Participants' willingness to consume soy foods for lowering cholesterol and receive counselling on cardiovascular disease by nutrition professionals
Authors: Schryver Tamara , Smith Chery 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo determine if participants would be interested in consuming soy foods to lower cholesterol in primary and secondary prevention of heart disease, and to identify the role physicians and registered dietitians have in providing dietary advice, about soy foods or other foods, for participants with elevated cholesterol.MethodologyQualitative data from 12 focus groups were gathered from a convenience sample of 74 adults, aged 18–91 years, with and without high cholesterol (total cholesterol >200 mg dl−1). Participants were recruited from Minneapolis/St. Paul mainstream and natural foods grocery stores. Focus group interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim. Common themes were identified, coded and compared using NVivo computer software.ResultsParticipants believed diet, lifestyle and genetics were the cause of high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few participants were aware of the Food and Drug Administration health claim for soy protein, yet many were willing to consume soy as part of lifestyle modification to prevent CVD. They reported preferring food and exercise over medication to treat high cholesterol. Few participants had ever received dietary advice from physicians on treating high cholesterol or CVD, and most doubted the accuracy of such advice. They believed registered dietitians were the most credible source of nutrition counselling and expressed an interest in physician referrals to dietitians.ConclusionsA collaboration and referral system between physicians and registered dietitians could increase CVD patients' consumption of soy foods as a means potentially leading to a reduced risk of heart disease in participants.
Alcohol and dietary fibre intakes affect circulating sex hormones among premenopausal women
Authors: Maskarinec Gertraud , Morimoto Yukiko , Takata Yumie , Murphy Suzanne P , Stanczyk Frank Z 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe association of alcohol and fibre intake with breast cancer may be mediated by circulating sex hormone levels, which are predictors of breast cancer risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship of alcohol and dietary fibre intake with circulating sex hormone levels among premenopausal women.MethodsA total of 205 premenopausal women completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and after 2 years; blood samples taken at the same time were analysed for circulating sex hormone concentrations, including oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2), free E2, progesterone, androstenedione and sex hormone-binding globulin, by radioimmunoassay. We used mixed models to estimate least-square means of sex hormone concentrations for alcohol intake categories and quartiles of dietary intake.ResultsAfter adjustment for covariates, alcohol consumption was moderately associated with higher circulating oestrogen levels; those who consumed more than one drink per day had 20% higher E2(Ptrend= 0.07) levels than non-drinkers. In contrast, higher dietary fibre intake was associated with lower serum levels of androstenedione (−8% between the lowest and highest quartiles of intake,Ptrend= 0.06), but not oestrogens. Similarly, consumption of fruits (−12%,Ptrend= 0.03), vegetables (−9%,Ptrend= 0.15) and whole grains (−7%,Ptrend= 0.07) showed inverse associations with androstenedione levels.ConclusionsThe consistency of the observed differences in sex hormone levels associated with alcohol and fibre-rich foods indicates that these nutritional factors may affect sex hormone concentrations and play a role in breast cancer aetiology and prevention.
Physical activity, diet and gene–environment interactions in relation to body mass index and waist circumference: The Swedish Young Male Twins Study
Authors: Karnehed Nina , Tynelius Per , Heitman Berit L , Rasmussen Finn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between genetic susceptibility to obesity, physical activity (PA), dietary fibre, sugar and fat intakes and 4-year changes in body mass index (BMI) and attained waist circumference (WC) in a cohort of 287 monozygotic and 189 dizygotic young adult male twin pairs. Increased knowledge about interactions between genes and environment may provide insight into why some individuals are more prone to obesity than others.DesignInformation about PA, BMI, dietary habits, WC and potential confounders was collected by questionnaire in 1998 and 2002. The cohort data were analysed by mixed linear models.ResultsTwins with low PA attained larger WC than twins with high PA (difference 2.5 cm; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3, 3.6). The twins with the lowest fibre intake were found to have attained the highest WC and to have increased most in BMI (difference between highest and lowest fibre intakes: 1.6 cm, 95% CI 0.4, 2.9 and 0.45 kg m−2, 95% CI 0.15, 0.76, respectively). Furthermore, our results suggested the presence of interactions so that twins with genetic susceptibility to obesity were more prone to have larger WC if sedentary than twins without genetic susceptibility.ConclusionPA and a diet rich in fibre may be protective against weight gain among younger adult men. An interaction between PA, genes and attained WC is a novel finding which needs confirmation by other studies.
Habitual fish consumption and risk of incident stroke: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)–Norfolk prospective population study
Authors: Myint Phyo K , Welch Ailsa A , Bingham Sheila A , Luben Robert N , Wareham Nicholas J , Day Nicholas E , Khaw Kay-Tee 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between fish consumption and stroke risk.DesignProspective population cohort study.SettingNorfolk, UK cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC–Norfolk).SubjectsSubjects were 24 312 men and women aged 40–79 years who had no previous history of stroke at baseline.MethodsFish consumption was assessed using a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline in 1993–1997 and stroke incidence ascertained to 2004.ResultsA total of 421 incident strokes were identified (mean follow-up=8.5 years, total person-years=209 238). There were no significant relationships between total fish, shellfish or fish roe consumption and risk of stroke in men and women after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, cholesterol, diabetes, physical activity, alcohol consumption, fish oil supplement use and total energy intake using Cox regression analyses. Oily fish consumption was significantly lower in women who subsequently had a stroke (odds ratio (OR) for consumers vs. non-consumers=0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.94,P=0.02). The trend in men was similar but not significant (OR for consumers vs. non-consumers=0.88, 95% CI 0.65–1.19,P=0.41).ConclusionsThere was no consistent relationship between fish consumption and stroke in this British population. Inconsistencies in the observed health effects of fish consumption in different populations may reflect different patterns and type of fish consumed and preparation methods.
AN INTERVIEW WITH PERCY GRAINGER, 15 MAY 1946
Authors: Floyd James Michael 
Published: February 2007

The following interview between Percy Grainger and Daniel Sternberg was broadcast live over radio on 15 May 1946. Richard Morse, then conductor of the Baylor Golden Wave Band, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, captured the interview onto a 16-inch, 33 1/3; rpm acetate transcription record. The original recording is currently owned by Mrs. Richard Morse, the widow of Richard Morse.The existence of this recording was brought to my attention by my dear friend Paul Concilio, a relative of Mrs. Morse. Because the original recording is in poor condition, Mr. Concilio transferred the recording to a compact disc using software to filter noise. This improved the recording greatly; however, portions of the interview are still indistinct. I am grateful to Mrs. Richard Morse and Mr. Concilio for their support and invaluable assistance in this project.
Asymptotic states in quantum electrodynamics
Authors: K-E Eriksson  
Published: February 2007

The time evolution of a system of charged particles due to the long-range part of the Coulomb interaction and the interaction with the soft part of the transverse radiation field is studied within the frame-work of frist-quantized theory of the charged particles and second-quantized theory of the electromagnetic field.States are defined which may serve as asymptotic states in a scattering theory. They differ from the free states by a phase factor (generalization of the Coulomb phase) and by the presence of a coherent soft radiation field. The time development of the phase factor and of the wave function that describes the coherent field is studied in detail and expressed in terms of elementary functions.An outline is made of anS-matrix theory based on the asymptotic states thus defined.
Nuclear Magnetic Moment and Hyperfine Structure Anomaly of 103Ag and Nuclear Spin of 13 m 102Ag
Authors: B Wannberg  , J O Jönsson  , L Sanner  
Published: February 2007

The hfs of 103Ag (T
1/2 = 66 min) has been investigated with the atomic-beam magnetic-resonance (ABMR) method. Δν and μ
I
have been determined independently, and the results are Δν = 39 700 (500) MHz and μ
I
= + 4.45 (5) n.m. The hfs anomaly Δ107
103 has been determined to be + 3.4 (1.7)%. Theoretical calculations give Δ107
103 = 3.9%.
For I = 5, there is a component with a half-life of 13 min which may be 102Ag or 102Ag + 100Ag. Furthermore, signals with a half-life of 9(2) minutes have been obtained for I = 9/2. This activity is ascribed to 101Ag.
Transplantation of undifferentiated murine embryonic stem cells in the heart: teratoma formation and immune response
Authors: Nussbaum Jeannette , Minami Elina , Laflamme Michael A. , Virag Jitka A. I. , Ware Carol B. , Masino Amanda , Muskheli Veronica , Pabon Lil , Reinecke Hans , Murry Charles E. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTEmbryonic stem (ES) cells are promising for cardiac repair’ but directing their differentiation toward cardiomyocytes remains challenging. We investigated whether the heart guides ES cells toward cardiomyocytes in vivo and whether allogeneic ES cells were immunologically tolerated. Undifferentiated mouse ES cells consistently formed cardiac teratomas in nude or immunocompetent syngeneic mice. Cardiac teratomas contained no more cardiomyocytes than hind‐limb teratomas’ suggesting lack of guided differentiation. ES cells also formed teratomas in infarcted hearts’ indicating injury‐related signals did not direct cardiac differentiation. Allogeneic ES cells also caused cardiac teratomas’ but these were immunologically rejected after several weeks’ in association with increased inflammation and up‐regulation of class I and II histocompatibility antigens. Fusion between ES cells and cardiomyocytes occurred in vivo’ but was rare. Infarct autofluorescence was identified as an artifact that might be mistaken for enhanced GFP expression and true regeneration. Hence’ undifferentiated ES cells were not guided toward a cardiomyocyte fate in either normal or infarcted hearts’ and there was no evidence for allogeneic immune tolerance of ES cell derivatives. Successful cardiac repair strategies involving ES cells will need to control cardiac differentiation’ avoid introducing undifferentiated cells’ and will likely require immune modulation to avoid rejection.—Nussbaum, J., Minami, E., Laflamme, M. A., Virag, J. A. I., Ware, C. B., Masino, A., Muskheli, V., Pabon, L., Reinecke, H., Murry, C. E. Transplantation of undifferentiated mu‐rine embryonic stem cells in the heart: teratoma formation and immune response. FASEB J. 21, 1345–1357 (2007)
Cardiac effects of 3‐iodothyronamine: a new aminergic system modulating cardiac function
Authors: Chiellini Grazia , Frascarelli Sabina , Ghelardoni Sandra , Carnicelli Vittoria , Tobias Sandra C. , DeBarber Andrea , Brogioni Simona , Ronca-Testoni Simonetta , Cerbai Elisabetta , Grandy David K. , Scanlan Thomas S. , Zucchi Riccardo 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT3‐iodothyronamine T1AM is a novel endogenous thyroid hormone derivative that activates the G protein‐coupled receptor known as trace anime‐associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). In the isolated working rat heart and in rat cardiomyocytes, T1AM produced a reversible, dose‐dependent negative inotropic effect (e.g.,27±5, 51 ±3, and 65±2% decrease in cardiac output at 19, 25, and 38 μM concentration, respectively). An independent negative chronotropic effect was also observed. The hemodynamic effects of T1AM were remarkably increased in the presence of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, whereas they were attenuated in the presence of the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate. No effect was produced by inhibitors of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, calcium‐calmodulin kinase II, phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase, or MAP kinases. Tissue cAMP levels were unchanged. In rat ventricular tissue, Western blot experiments with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies showed reduced phosphorylation of microsomal and cytosolic proteins after perfusion with synthetic T1AM;reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction experiments revealed the presence of transcripts for at least 5 TAAR subtypes; specific and saturable binding of [125I]T1AM was observed, with a dissociation constant in the low micromolar range (5 μM); and endogenous T1AM was detectable by tandem mass spectrometry. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for the existence of a novel aminergic system modulating cardiac function.—Chiellini G., Frascarelli, S., Ghelardoni, S., Carnicelli, V., Tobias, S. C., DeBarber, A., Brogioni, S., Ronca‐Testoni, S., Cerbai, E., Grandy, D. K., Scanlan, T. S., Zucchi R. Cardiac effects of 3‐iodothyronamine: a new aminergic system modulating cardiac function. FASEB J. 21, 1597–1608 (2007)
A Swedish alcohol ignition interlock programme for drink‐drivers: effects on hospital care utilization and sick leave
Authors: Bjerre Bo , Marques Paul , Selén Jan , Thorsson Ulf 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTAims  This project evaluates health outcomes following an alcohol ignition interlock programme (AIIP) by assessing hospital care utilization and sick‐leave register data relative to controls with revoked licences, but with no comparable opportunity to participate in an AIIP.Setting  In Sweden, driving while impaired (DWI) offenders can now select voluntarily a 2‐year AIIP in lieu of 12 months' licence revocation. The AIIP includes regular medical check‐ups designed to alter alcohol use.Design  The study is a quasi‐experimental intent‐to‐treat design; accordingly, the intervention group includes 48% of the participants who were dismissed from the AIIP before completion.Finding  The control group (865 individuals) showed increased hospital care and sick leave after licence revocation following the DWI. Among the 1266 people in the AIIP, however, significantly fewer needed hospital care relative to controls, and relative to their own care utilization before the DWI offence. This occurred whether care reflected all diagnosis or only alcohol‐related diagnosis. Also, sick‐leave data showed significantly fewer AIIP group individuals using sick leave relative to the control group, and relative to their own pre‐treatment period. These significant health benefits disappear in the post‐treatment period. However, among those who actually do complete the entire AIIP, sustained positive health effects are observed 3 and 4 years after the DWI offence.Conclusions  Voluntary participation in an AIIP has favourable effects with less need for hospital care or sick leave. This is probably linked to reduced alcohol consumption during the programme and to the ability to continue driving.
Concurrent buprenorphine and benzodiazepines use and self‐reported opioid toxicity in opioid substitution treatment
Authors: Nielsen Suzanne , Dietze Paul , Lee Nicole , Dunlop Adrian , Taylor David 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTAims  To examine concurrent buprenorphine and benzodiazepine consumption and to compare opioid toxicity symptoms induced by methadone and buprenorphine, examining factors associated with the reporting of these symptoms.Design  Self‐report cross‐sectional survey.Setting  Five needle syringe programmes and five opioid substitution treatment services in Melbourne, Australia.Participants  A total of 250 people who had experience with methadone or buprenorphine. Eligibility criteria were current or previous methadone or buprenorphine use.Measurements  Structured questionnaire covering: demographic characteristics; current treatment and drug use; concurrent use of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines, including route of administration and source of medications; and opioid toxicity symptoms reported in association with methadone and buprenorphine consumption.Findings  Of those reporting buprenorphine use, two‐thirds reported concurrent benzodiazepine use, with a median dose reported of 30 mg diazepam equivalents. A greater number of opioid toxicity symptoms were reported in relation to methadone consumption compared with buprenorphine. Those reporting opioid toxicity with buprenorphine were more likely to report intravenous use compared with those reporting opioid toxicity with methadone.Conclusions  The risk of opioid toxicity appeared greater with methadone compared with buprenorphine, despite high levels of benzodiazepine consumption and injection being reported in relation to buprenorphine use. The prevalence of buprenorphine injection and the normalization of methadone‐induced sedation are two findings that merit further investigation. Establishing recommendations as to the safest and most effective way to manage benzodiazepine‐using people in opioid substitution treatment is necessary for the optimization of treatment for opioid dependence in polydrug‐using individuals.