bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate Loading of Brånemark System Implants®: A Comparison Between TiUniteTM and Turned Implants Placed in the Anterior Mandible
Authors: Fröberg Kjell‐Krister , Lindh Christina , Ericsson Ingvar 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose:  The aim of the present study was to compare the treatment outcome of TiUniteTM‐ and turned‐surfaced Brånemark System® (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) implants when applying immediate loading of cross‐arch designed fixed partial dentures in the anterior mandible.Materials and Methods:  Fifteen patients with edentulous mandibles participated in the study. In one half of the jaw, between the exit of the nerve‐vessel bundle and the midline, one type of implant was placed and in the remaining half the other type. The implants were loaded the day of surgery via a fixed, temporary supra‐construction. Ten days later, the permanent one was screw retained to the implant pillars.Results:  The present 18‐month clinical trial failed to demonstrate any differences regarding healing and cumulative success rate of an an‐oxidized implant surface (TiUnite) and a turned (turned) one when implants in the anterior mandible were exposed to functional load within 24 hours after installation.Conclusion:  A high predictability regarding the treatment outcome for immediately loaded Brånemark implants in the anterior mandible was observed. Furthermore, no difference between the traditional turned and the an‐oxidized implant surface (TiUnite) could be observed. However, it has to be stressed that all implants (irrespective of surface) were placed in the anterior mandible and also that all the patients demonstrated a high level of oral hygiene.
Clinical Experiences with Laser‐Welded Titanium Frameworks Supported by Implants in the Edentulous Mandible: A 10‐Year Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Örtorp Anders , Jemt Torsten 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:  Long‐term follow‐up studies for more than 5 years are not available on laser‐welded titanium frameworks.Purpose:  To report and compare 10‐year data on implant‐supported prostheses in the edentulous mandible provided with laser‐welded titanium frameworks and conventional gold alloy frameworks.Materials and Methods:  Altogether, 155 patients were consecutively treated with prostheses at abutment level with two generations of fixed laser‐welded titanium frameworks (test groups). A control group of 53 randomly selected patients with conventional gold alloy castings was used for comparison. Clinical and radiographic 10‐year data were collected for the three groups.Results:  All patients followed‐up for 10 years (n=112) still had fixed prostheses in the mandible (cumulative success rate CSR] 100%). The overall 10‐year cumulative success rate (CSR) was 92.8 and 100.0% for titanium and gold alloy frameworks, respectively. Ten‐year implant cumulative survival rate (CSR) was 99.4 and 99.6% for the test and control groups, respectively. Average 10‐year bone loss was 0.56 (SD 0.45) mm for the titanium group and 0.77 (SD 0.36) mm for the control group (p < 0.05). The most common complications for titanium frameworks were resin or veneer fractures, soft tissue inflammation, and fractures (12.9%) of the metal frame. Loose and fractured implant screw components were below 3%.Conclusion:  Excellent overall long‐term results with 100% CSR could be achieved with the present treatment modality. Fractures of the metal frames and remade prostheses were more common for the laser‐welded titanium frameworks, and the first generation of titanium frameworks worked poorly when compared with gold alloy frameworks during 10 years (p < 0.05). However, on average more bone loss was observed for implants supporting gold alloy frameworks during 10 years. The reasons for this difference are not clear.
A longitudinal study of medication exposure and xerostomia among older people
Authors: Murray Thomson W. , Chalmers Jane M. , John Spencer A. , Slade Gary D. , Carter Knute D. 
Published: November 2006

Objective:  To describe the incidence of xerostomia among a population of older people over a 6‐year period, with particular attention to medications as risk factors.Background:  Understanding the natural history of xerostomia requires longitudinal epidemiological research, but only one study has examined changes in xerostomia over time. While medication is a recognised risk factor for dry mouth, the role of particular medication categories continues to be controversial.Materials and methods:  Older South Australians (aged 60+) underwent an interview and dental examination at baseline, and these assessments were repeated 2, 5 and 11 years afterward. Medication data were collected at baseline, 5 and 11 years. Xerostomia data were collected at 5 and 11 years using the Xerostomia Inventory (XI) and a standard question.Results:  Of the 1205 dentate participants assessed at baseline, 669 remained after 5 years, and 246 were assessed at 11 years. Medication prevalence increased over the observation period, such that 94.8% of the cohort were taking at least one medication by 11 years. The prevalence of xerostomia increased from 21.4% to 24.8% between 5 and 11 years (p > 0.05), and the mean XI score increased from 20.0 (SD, 6.7) to 21.5 (SD, 7.9; p < 0.001). Some 14.7% of participants were incident cases of xerostomia, while 11.4% were remitted cases; 10.1% were cases at both 5 and 11 years. After controlling for gender and ‘baseline’ xerostomia severity (represented by the XI score at 5 years), participants who commenced taking daily aspirin after 5 years had over four times the odds of becoming incident cases, while those who commenced taking a diuretic after 5 years had nearly six times the odds of doing so.Conclusions:  While the overall prevalence of xerostomia increased during the observation period, there was considerable instability, with one‐quarter of the cohort changing their status. Medication exposure was strongly associated with the incidence of the condition, with recent exposure to diuretics or daily aspirin strongly predicting it.
Oral hygiene of elderly people in long‐term care institutions – a cross‐sectional study
Authors: De Visschere Luc M. , Grooten Lieve , Theuniers Guy , Vanobbergen Jacques N. 
Published: November 2006

Objective:  The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess the level of oral hygiene in elderly people living in long‐term care institutions and to investigate the relationship between institutional and individual characteristics, and the observed oral cleanliness.Materials and methods:  Clinical outcome variables, denture plaque and dental plaque were gathered from 359 older people (14%) living in 19 nursing homes. Additional data were collected by a questionnaire filled out by all health care workers employed in the nursing homes.Results:  Only 128 (36%) residents had teeth present in one or both dental arches. About half of the residents (47%) wore complete dentures. The mean dental plaque score was 2.17 (maximum possible score = 3) and the mean denture plaque score was 2.13 (maximum possible score = 4). Significantly more plaque was observed on the mucosal surface of the denture with a mean plaque score of 2.33 vs. 1.93 on the buccal surface (p < 0.001). In the multiple analyses only the degree of dependency on an individual level was found to be significantly correlated with the outcome dental plaque (odds ratio: 3.09) and only the management of the institution with denture plaque (odds ratio: 0.43).Conclusion:  Oral hygiene was poor, both for dentures and remaining teeth in residents in long‐term care institutions and only the degree of dependency of the residents and the management of the institutions was associated with the presence of dental plaque and denture plaque respectively.
HPLC ANALYSIS OF RICE BRAN OIL
Authors: KADAM M. , BHOWMICK D.N. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT A simple isocratic reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to study lipase‐catalyzed esterification of high free fatty acid (FFA) rice bran oil. The method was used to separate and quantify FFAs, monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols of rice bran oil as different lipid classes. Separation was obtained with a C18 column using acetone/acetonitrile/methanol (50:50:10, v/v/v) as the mobile phase at 30C with refractive index detection.
SCREENING OF LIPASES FOR ENZYMATIC CONCENTRATION OF γ‐LINOLENIC ACID (GLA) FROM SEED OILS
Authors: LÓPEZ‐MARTÍNEZ J.C. , CAMPRA‐MADRID P. , RAMÍREZ‐FAJARDO A. , ESTEBAN‐CERDÁN L. , GUIL‐GUERRERO J.L. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT An enzymatic method that involves seed oil hydrolysis and selective esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) has been essayed for screening of lipases in order to concentrate γ‐linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n‐6). This procedure has been essayed by using the seed oil of two plant species, Borago officinalis and Echium fastuosum. No GLA enrichment was observed in the FFA fractions resulting from the enzymatic hydrolysis performed by all essayed lipases. However, starting from the FFA fraction of B. officinalis seed oil, and after esterfication with Candida rugosa lipase, in the fatty acid (FA) unesterified fraction a 91% GLA purity was obtained after two successive esterifications, yielding 59% GLA. GLA from E. fastuosum seed oil was also esterified; GLA was concentrated in the FA unesterified fraction by using Mucor javanicus lipase, obtaining 64% purity and 68% GLA yield.
PREFERENCE MAPPING OF TEXTURE OF DULCE DE LECHE
Authors: ARES GASTÓN , GIMÉNEZ ANA , GÁMBARO ADRIANA 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT The texture of 12 commercial samples of dulce de leche was characterized by means of texture profile analysis. Two sensory manual texture attributes (hardness and ropiness) were evaluated by a panel of 11 trained assessors. A panel of 50 consumers evaluated the texture acceptability of the samples using a 9‐point structured scale. Consumers showed highly significant different degrees of liking for the texture of the evaluated samples of dulce de leche. Clusters identified with Pearson's correlation coefficient showed opposite preference patterns and provided more useful information regarding market segmentation than clusters identified with Euclidean distances. External preference mapping and partial least squares regression showed that hardness was a driver of liking for one segment of consumers, whereas for the other one it was a driver of disliking. When all the consumers were considered, external preference mapping indicated that the ideal texture of dulce de leche would be intermediate, showing the importance of identifying preference patterns and suggesting that data averaging in consumer preferences might affect information recovery, and may lead to wrong conclusions. Different preference mapping techniques were compared; it was found out that when the relationship between acceptability and texture attributes was not linear, external preference mapping showed the best results.
DIFFERENTIATION OF SUPRAHYOID ACTIVITY PATTERNS DURING SWALLOWING OF UMAMI‐TASTING FOODS
Authors: MIYAOKA YOZO , ASHIDA ICHIRO , KAWAKAMI SHIN‐YA , MIYAOKA SATOMI 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT In the preceding study, the present authors differentiated the activity patterns of the suprahyoid (SH) muscles during pharyngeal swallowing of tasty and tasteless foods by using “TP” values that assigned activity of electromyograms (EMG) to a standardized time scale. In the present study, we calculated not only the TP values but also the InP values (by subtracting the preceding TP‐10 values from TP) to analyze activity patterns of the SH EMG during pharyngeal swallowing of foods dissolved in unitary (monosodium glutamate [MSG] and disodium inosine‐5′‐monophosphate [IMP]) and binary (MSG + IMP) “umami‐” tasting solutions of low and high concentration. We found that SH activity patterns differed slightly between low and high concentration of unitary and binary umami‐tasting foods, but that SH activity patterns measured while swallowing umami‐tasting foods did not differ from those measured while swallowing sweet‐ or salty‐tasting foods, or tasteless food.
IMPACT OF FROZEN STORAGE ON FLAVOR OF CAPRINE MILK CHEESES
Authors: PARK Y.W. , GERARD P.D. , DRAKE M.A. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTThe impact of freezing and frozen storage on flavor profiles of soft and semisoft caprine milk cheeses was evaluated. Plain soft pasteurized milk cheeses were purchased from a grade A goat dairy and semisoft cheeses were made from pasteurized caprine milk at a university creamery on three separate occasions. Cheeses were assigned to one of four storage regimes: refrigeration (5C) for 30 days; freezing (−20C) for 24 h followed by thawing and refrigeration for 30 days; and frozen storage (−20C) for 3 or 6 months followed by thawing and refrigerated storage. Cheeses were sampled for sensory analysis initially (time 0 and initially after thawing) and subsequently across refrigerated storage. A descriptive sensory panel received 75 h of training on 13 terms for cheese flavor attributes and basic tastes from a previously adopted sensory lexicon for caprine milk cheeses. Cheeses were evaluated by each panelist in duplicate. Freezing and frozen storage had minimal effects on flavor properties of soft or semisoft cheeses (P > 0.05 for most attributes). Concurrent with previous instrumental studies, frozen storage appears to be a viable option for fresh soft caprine milk cheeses to maintain a year‐round supply.
Nitrogen Availability and TOR Regulate the Snf1 Protein Kinase in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Orlova Marianna , Kanter Ellen , Krakovich David , Kuchin Sergei 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

In the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, the Snf1 protein kinase of the Snf1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family regulates a wide range of responses to stress caused by glucose deprivation. The stress signal is relayed via upregulation of Snf1, which depends on phosphorylation of its activation loop Thr210 residue by upstream kinases. Although Snf1 is also required for coping with various stresses unrelated to glucose deprivation, some evidence suggests a role for low-level basal activity of unphosphorylated Snf1, rather than a specific signaling function. We previously found that Snf1 is required for diploid pseudohyphal differentiation, a developmental response to nitrogen limitation. Here, we present evidence that Snf1 is directly involved in nitrogen signaling. First, genetic analyses suggest that pseudohyphal differentiation depends on the stimulatory phosphorylation of Snf1 at Thr210. Second, immunochemical data indicate that nitrogen limitation improves Thr210 phosphorylation. Analyses of pseudohyphal differentiation in cells with catalytically inactive and hyperactive Snf1 support the role of Snf1 activity. Finally, we show that Snf1 is negatively regulated by the rapamycin-sensitive TOR kinase which plays essential roles in signaling nitrogen and amino acid availability. This and other evidence implicate Snf1 in the integration of signals regarding nitrogen and carbon stress. TOR and Snf1/AMPK are highly conserved in evolution, and their novel functional interaction in yeast suggests similar mechanisms in other eukaryotes.
Novel Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase MpkC of
Aspergillus fumigatus
Is Required for Utilization of Polyalcohol Sugars
Authors: Reyes Guadalupe , Romans Angela , Nguyen C. Kim , May Gregory S. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

The genome of
Aspergillus fumigatus
has four genes that encode mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs),
sakA/hogA
,
mpkA
,
mpkB
, and
mpkC
. The functions of the MpkB and MpkC MAPKs are unknown for
A. fumigatus
and the closely related and genetically amenable species
Aspergillus nidulans. mpkC
deletion mutants of
A. fumigatus
were made and their phenotypes characterized. The
mpkC
deletion mutants were viable and had normal conidial germination and hyphal growth on minimal or complete media. This is in contrast to deletion mutants with deletions in the closely related MAPK gene
sakA/hogA
that we previously reported had a nitrogen source-dependent germination phenotype. Similarly, the growth of the
mpkC
deletion mutants was wild type on high-osmolarity medium. Consistent with these two MAP kinase genes regulating different cellular responses, we determined that the
mpkC
deletion mutants were unable to grow on minimal medium with sorbitol or mannitol as the sole carbon source. This result implicates MpkC signaling in carbon source utilization. Changes in mRNA levels for
sakA
and
mpkC
were measured in response to hypertonic stress, oxidative stress, and a shift from glucose to sorbitol to determine if there was overlap in the SakA and MpkC signaling pathways. These studies demonstrated that SakA- and MpkC-dependent patterns of change in mRNA levels are distinct and have minimal overlap in response to these environmental stresses.
A Transcription Factor Cascade Involving Fep1 and the CCAAT-Binding Factor Php4 Regulates Gene Expression in Response to Iron Deficiency in the Fission Yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Mercier Alexandre , Pelletier Benoit , Labbé Simon 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

We have identified genes encoding candidate proteins involved in iron storage (
pcl1

+

), the tricarboxylic acid cycle (
sdh4

+

), and iron-sulfur cluster assembly (
isa1

+

) that are negatively regulated in response to iron deprivation. Promoter deletion and site-directed mutagenesis permitted identification of a new
cis
-regulatory element in the promoter region of the
pcl1

+

gene. This
cis
-acting regulatory sequence containing the pentanucleotide sequence CCAAT is responsible for transcriptional repression of
pcl1

+

under low iron supply conditions. In
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
, the CCAAT-binding factor is a heteromeric DNA-binding complex that contains three subunits, designated Php2, Php3, and Php5. Inactivation of the
php2

+

locus negatively affects the transcriptional competency of
pcl1

+

. A fourth subunit, designated Php4, is not essential for the transcriptional activation of target genes under basal and iron-replete conditions. We demonstrate that, in response to iron-limiting conditions, Php4 is required for down-regulation of
pcl1

+

,
sdh4

+

, and
isa1

+

mRNA levels. In vivo RNase protection studies reveal that the expression of
php4

+

is negatively regulated by iron and that this regulated expression requires a functional
fep1

+

gene. The results of these studies reveal that Fep1 represses
php4

+

expression in response to iron. In contrast, when iron is scarce, Fep1 becomes inactive and
php4

+

is expressed to act as a regulatory subunit of the CCAAT-binding factor that is required to block
pcl1

+

,
sdh4

+

, and
isa1

+

gene transcription.
Glutathione Reductase and a Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Play Overlapping Roles in Maintaining Iron-Sulfur Enzymes in Fission Yeast
Authors: Song Ji-Yoon , Cha Joonseok , Lee Joon , Roe Jung-Hye 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

In the fission yeast
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
, the
pgr1

+

gene encoding glutathione (GSH) reductase (GR) is essentially required for cell survival. Depletion of GR caused proliferation arrest at the G
1
phase of the cell cycle under aerobic conditions. Multicopy suppressors that restore growth were screened, and one effective suppressor was found to be the
trx2

+

gene, encoding a mitochondrial thioredoxin. This suggests that GR is critically required for some mitochondrial function(s). We found that GR resides in both cytosolic and organellar fractions of the cell. Depletion of GR lowered the respiration rate and the activity of oxidation-labile Fe-S enzymes such as mitochondrial aconitase and cytosolic sulfite reductase. Trx2 did not reverse the high ratio of oxidized glutathione to GSH or the low respiration rate observed in GR-depleted cells. However, it brought the activity of oxidation-labile Fe-S enzymes to a normal level, suggesting that the maintenance of Fe-S enzymes is a critical factor in the survival of
S. pombe
. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase, an oxidation-insensitive Fe-S enzyme, however, was not affected by GR depletion, suggesting that GR is not required for the biogenesis of the Fe-S cluster. The total iron content was greatly increased by GR depletion and was brought to a nearly normal level by Trx2. These results indicate that the essentiality of GR in the aerobic growth of
S. pombe
is derived from its role in maintaining oxidation-labile Fe-S enzymes and iron homeostasis.
Expressed in the Yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, Human ERK5 Is a Client of the Hsp90 Chaperone That Complements Loss of the Slt2p (Mpk1p) Cell Integrity Stress-Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Truman Andrew W. , Millson Stefan H. , Nuttall James M. , King Victoria , Mollapour Mehdi , Prodromou Chrisostomos , Pearl Laurence H. , Piper Peter W. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

ERK5 is a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase regulated in human cells by diverse mitogens and stresses but also suspected of mediating the effects of a number of oncogenes. Its expression in the
slt2
Δ
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
mutant rescued several of the phenotypes caused by the lack of Slt2p (Mpk1p) cell integrity MAP kinase. ERK5 is able to provide this cell integrity MAP kinase function in yeast, as it is activated by the cell integrity signaling cascade that normally activates Slt2p and, in its active form, able to stimulate at least one key Slt2p target (Rlm1p, the major transcriptional regulator of cell wall genes). In vitro ERK5 kinase activity was abolished by Hsp90 inhibition. ERK5 activity in vivo was also lost in a strain that expresses a mutant Hsp90 chaperone. Therefore, human ERK5 expressed in yeast is an Hsp90 client, despite the widely held belief that the protein kinases of the MAP kinase class are non-Hsp90-dependent activities. Two-hybrid and protein binding studies revealed that strong association of Hsp90 with ERK5 requires the dual phosphorylation of the TEY motif in the MAP kinase activation loop. These phosphorylations, at positions adjacent to the Hsp90-binding surface recently identified for a number of protein kinases, may cause a localized rearrangement of this MAP kinase region that leads to creation of the Hsp90-binding surface. Complementation of the
slt2
Δ yeast defect by ERK5 expression establishes a new tool with which to screen for novel agonists and antagonists of ERK5 signaling as well as for isolating mutant forms of ERK5.