bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of scatter correction on personalized dosimetry in selective internal radiotherapy using 166Ho-PLLA: a single-center study including Monte-Carlo simulation, phantom and patient imaging
Authors: Collette Benoît , Mannie-Corbisier Marie , Bucalau Ana-Maria , Pauly Nicolas , Verset Gontran , Moreno-Reyes Rodrigo , Flamen Patrick , Trotta Nicola 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Developments in transarterial radioembolization led to the conception of new microspheres loaded with holmium-166 (166Ho). However, due to the complexity of the scatter components in 166Ho single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), questions about image quality and dosimetry are emerging. The aims of this work are to investigate the scatter components and correction methods to propose a suitable solution, and to evaluate the impact on image quality and dosimetry including Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations, phantom, and patient data.

Methods
Dual energy window (DEW) and triple energy window (TEW) methods were investigated for scatter correction purposes and compared using Contrast Recovery Coefficients (CRC) and Contrast to Noise Ratios (CNR). First, MC simulations were carried out to assess all the scatter components in the energy windows used, also to confirm the choice of the parameter needed for the DEW method. Then, MC simulations of acquisitions of a Jaszczak phantom were conducted with conditions mimicking an ideal scatter correction. These simulated projections can be reconstructed and compared with real acquisitions corrected by both methods and then reconstructed. Finally, both methods were applied on patient data and their impact on personalized dosimetry was evaluated.

Results
MC simulations confirmed the use of k = 1 for the DEW method. These simulations also confirmed the complexity of scatter components in the main energy window used with a high energy gamma rays component of about half of the total counts detected, together with a negligible X rays component and a negligible presence of fluorescence. CRC and CNR analyses, realized on simulated scatter-free projections of the phantom and on scatter corrected acquisitions of the same phantom, suggested an increased efficiency of the TEW method, even at the price of higher level of noise. Finally, these methods, applied on patient data, showed significant differences in terms of non-tumoral liver absorbed dose, non-tumoral liver fraction under 50 Gy, tumor absorbed dose, and tumor fraction above 150 Gy.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the impact of scatter correction on personalized dosimetry on patient data. The use of a TEW method is proposed for scatter correction in 166Ho SPECT imaging.
An 8-mm port site hernia after robotic-assisted ileocecal resection: a case report
Authors: Ahn Changgi , Shibutani Masatsune , Kitayama Kishu , Kasashima Hiroaki , Miki Yuichiro , Yoshii Mami , Fukuoka Tatsunari , Tamura Tatsuro , Toyokawa Takahiro , Lee Shigeru , Maeda Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Robotic-assisted surgery is steadily becoming more prominent. The majority of reports regarding port site hernias (PSHs) have involved laparoscopic procedures. Currently, it is common to suture the fascia at port sites that are 10 mm or larger; however, the closure of 5-mm port sites is not considered mandatory. The da Vinci® surgical system (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) utilizes a distinctive 8-mm port. We report a case of an early-onset PSH at an 8-mm port site after robotic-assisted ileocecal resection.

Case presentation
A 74-year-old male patient with a body mass index of 19.7 kg/m2 was diagnosed with cecal cancer and underwent robotic-assisted ileocecal resection. A 3-cm midline incision was made at the umbilicus for insufflation. Under laparoscopic visualization, three ports (12 mm, 8 mm, and 8 mm) were inserted in the lower abdomen. An 8-mm port was inserted in the left subcostal region, and a 5-mm port was inserted in the left lateral abdomen. The procedure was performed without significant intraoperative complications. The fascia was closed only at the umbilicus and 12-mm port site; the fascia at the 8-mm port sites was not closed. The patient was initially discharged without complications; however, on postoperative day 11, the patient was urgently hospitalized again because of PSH incarceration. After manual reduction, the fascia was sutured closed under local anesthesia. The hernial defect was small and barely allowed the insertion of a little finger. There was no evidence of compression or significant damage to the fascia. On postoperative day 27, the patient was discharged after experiencing good recovery.

Conclusions
Robotic-assisted colectomy could contribute to the risk of PSHs because of its surgical characteristics. Although routine closure of the fascia at 8-mm port sites is not mandatory, it may be beneficial in certain cases.
Nominal Differences in Acute Symptom Presentation and Recovery Duration of Sport-Related Concussion Between Male and Female Collegiate Athletes in the PAC-12
Authors: Konstantinides Niki A. , Murphy Sean M. , Whelan Bridget M. , Harmon Kimberly G. , Poddar Sourav K. , Hernández Theresa D. , Rowe Rachel K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a heterogenous injury that often presents with varied symptoms and impairment. Recently, research has focused on identifying subtypes, or clinical profiles of concussion to be used in assessing and treating athletes with SRC. The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in clinical profiles, recovery duration, and initial symptom severity after SRC in a cohort of collegiate athletes in the Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12).

Methods
This prospective cohort study examined post-SRC symptoms, recovery, and return-to-play times using data from the Pac-12 CARE Affiliated Program and Pac-12 Health Analytics Program. Clinical profiles reported by student-athletes were defined by the number (> 50%) of specific symptoms frequently reported for each profile. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine associations among sex, clinical profiles, time-to-recovery, and return-to-play times.

Results
479 concussion incidents met inclusion criteria. The probabilities of initial presentation of each clinical profile, initial injury severity scores, and recovery times within a profile did not differ between sexes (p = 0.33–0.98). However, both males and females had > 0.75 probabilities of exhibiting cognitive and ocular profiles. Initial injury severity score was a strong nonlinear predictor of initial number of clinical profiles (p < 0.0001), which did not differ between sexes. The number of clinical profiles was also a nonlinear predictor of time-to-recovery (p = 0.03) and return-to-play times (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Initial symptom severity was strongly predictive of the number of acute clinical profiles experienced post-SRC. As the number of clinical profiles increased, time-to-recovery and time to return-to-play also increased. Factors other than sex may be better associated with acute symptom presentation post-concussion as no sex differences were found in reported clinical profiles or recovery. Understanding the number and type of clinical profiles experienced post-SRC may help inform concussion diagnostics and management.
Prevalence and predictors associated with modern contraceptive method utilization among women in the nomadic community of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebrerufael Gebru Gebremeskel , Hagos Bsrat Tesfay 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Ethiopia is one of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa with the lowest prevalence of the use of modern contraceptive methods. On the frequency and determinants of modern contraceptive method in the Ethiopian women who live a nomadic lifestyle, there is, however, scant research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that influence how often women in Ethiopia’s nomadic tribes use modern contraceptive method.

Methods
In the nomadic community of Ethiopia, a community-based retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out between January 18 and June 27, 2016. From the 15,683 nationally representative datasets on the 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey, a sample of 3,415 women from nomadic communities was chosen. To determine factors linked to modern contraceptive method usage within the nomadic group, a multivariable logistic regression model analysis was considered.

Result
In the nomadic population of Ethiopia, 10% (95% CI (9.10, 11.1)) of respondents reported using modern contraceptive method overall. The most popular way to use modern contraceptive method was through injection (73.5%). In the multivariable logistic regression model analysis, secondary and above-educated husbands (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI (1.01, 2.24)) and primarily educated husbands (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI (1.027, 2.0)), rich (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI (1.03, 2.74)) and middle wealth index (AOR = 1.58, 95% CI (1.25, 2.38)), public health place of delivery (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI (1.55, 3.0)), being a working husband (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI (1.96, 4.22)), and respondents working (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI (1.04, 1.79)) were positively critical risk predictors associated with modern contraceptive method usages. Compared to the Somali region, women living in the Afar (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI (1.68, 3.95)) and Benshangul-Gumuz (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI (2.22, 5.21)) regions had higher use of modern contraceptive method.

Conclusion
In Ethiopia, modern contraceptive method usage is still quite uncommon among women who live in nomadic communities. Therefore, in order to increase modern contraceptive method service utilization and improve the wealth index of households, two key strategies, government professionals and concerned body service providers should pay special attention to educational opportunities for husbands and give valuable and effective counseling information during child delivery for women.
On the portrayal of indigenous peoples in English language teaching coursebooks used in Chile: a critical visual literacy/socio-semiotic study
Authors: Véliz-Campos Mauricio , Roa Felipe , Veliz Leonardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research critically examines the multifaceted role of English as a foreign language (EFL) coursebooks beyond mere language learning objectives. Specifically, the study focuses on how these coursebooks often project universal cultural values that, though seemingly bland, can perpetuate power dynamics leading to various forms of inequality. Drawing on a qualitative methodology that amalgamates socio-semiotic analysis and critical visual literacy, the investigation scrutinizes the portrayal of indigenous peoples within 12 EFL coursebooks used in state-run and subsidized schools across Chile. Furthermore, the research explores the viewpoints and attitudes of seven EFL teachers towards the visual representations of indigenous peoples compared to non-indigenous individuals depicted in the same coursebooks. The findings suggest that indigenous peoples are often depicted as stereotypical remnants of the past, oversimplifying their intricate cultural attributes and presenting them as disconnected from contemporary society. Moreover, the study identifies the failure of coursebook publishers in acknowledging the richness and diversity of indigenous cultures, thereby perpetuating cultural stereotypes and contributing to the process of otherising, which reinforces a sense of separation between the majority (“us”) and the indigenous minority (“them”).
Fabricating patient-specific 3D printed drill guides to treat femoral head avascular necrosis
Authors: Bell Cameron , Feizi Alborz , Roytman Gregory R. , Ramji Alim F. , Tommasini Steven M. , Wiznia Daniel H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Femoral head avascular necrosis (AVN), or death of femoral head tissue due to a lack of blood supply, is a leading cause of total hip replacement for non-geriatric patients. Core decompression (CD) is an effective treatment to re-establish blood flow for patients with AVN. Techniques aimed at improving its efficacy are an area of active research. We propose the use of 3D printed drill guides to accurately guide therapeutic devices for CD.

Methods
Using femur sawbones, image processing software, and 3D modeling software, we created a custom-built device with pre-determined drill trajectories and tested the feasibility of the 3D printed drill guides for CD. A fellowship trained orthopedic surgeon used the drill guide to position an 8 ga, 230 mm long decompression device in the three synthetic femurs. CT scans were taken of the sawbones with the drill guide and decompression device. CT scans were processed in the 3D modeling software. Descriptive statistics measuring the angular and needle-tip deviation were compared to the original virtually planned model.

Results
Compared to the original 3D model, the trials had a mean displacement of 1.440 ± 1.03 mm and a mean angle deviation of 1.093 ± 0.749º.

Conclusions
The drill guides were demonstrated to accurately guide the decompression device along its predetermined drill trajectory. Accuracy was assessed by comparing values to literature-reported values and considered AVN lesion size. This study demonstrates the potential use of 3D printing technology to improve the efficacy of CD techniques.
Preoperative weight loss before total hip arthroplasty negatively impacts postoperative outcomes
Authors: Schmerler Jessica , Hussain Nauman , Kurian Shyam J. , Khanuja Harpal S. , Oni Julius K. , Hegde Vishal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Obesity adversely impacts outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA), leading surgeons to impose body mass index cutoffs for patient eligibility and encourage preoperative weight loss. This study aimed to determine if preoperative weight loss impacts outcomes of THA in the general patient population and if it mitigates poor outcomes in obese patients.

Methods
Patients who underwent THA from 2013–2020 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients were stratified by weight loss of >10% of body weight over the preceding 6 months. We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and comorbidities, to examine the effect of significant preoperative weight loss on 30-day outcomes after THA in the general and obese patient populations.

Results
In the overall population, patients who lost significant weight preoperatively had significantly increased length of stay, were more likely to have a non-home discharge, return to the operating room, or be readmitted, and were more likely to experience numerous medical complications. In the obese population, patients who lost significant weight preoperatively had significantly increased length of stay and were more likely to require a transfusion or experience any medical complication.

Discussion
Rapid significant preoperative weight loss is not associated with improved postoperative outcomes after THA in the obese population and is associated with worse outcomes in the general population. Arthroplasty surgeons should balance these risks with the risks of obesity when advising patients about preoperative weight loss prior to THA.

Level of evidence
III.
Evaluating the accuracy and relevance of ChatGPT responses to frequently asked questions regarding total knee replacement
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Liau Zi Qiang Glen , Tan Kian Loong Melvin , Chua Wei Liang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), a generative artificial intelligence chatbot, may have broad applications in healthcare delivery and patient education due to its ability to provide human-like responses to a wide range of patient queries. However, there is limited evidence regarding its ability to provide reliable and useful information on orthopaedic procedures. This study seeks to evaluate the accuracy and relevance of responses provided by ChatGPT to frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding total knee replacement (TKR).

Methods
A list of 50 clinically-relevant FAQs regarding TKR was collated. Each question was individually entered as a prompt to ChatGPT (version 3.5), and the first response generated was recorded. Responses were then reviewed by two independent orthopaedic surgeons and graded on a Likert scale for their factual accuracy and relevance. These responses were then classified into accurate versus inaccurate and relevant versus irrelevant responses using preset thresholds on the Likert scale.

Results
Most responses were accurate, while all responses were relevant. Of the 50 FAQs, 44/50 (88%) of ChatGPT responses were classified as accurate, achieving a mean Likert grade of 4.6/5 for factual accuracy. On the other hand, 50/50 (100%) of responses were classified as relevant, achieving a mean Likert grade of 4.9/5 for relevance.

Conclusion
ChatGPT performed well in providing accurate and relevant responses to FAQs regarding TKR, demonstrating great potential as a tool for patient education. However, it is not infallible and can occasionally provide inaccurate medical information. Patients and clinicians intending to utilize this technology should be mindful of its limitations and ensure adequate supervision and verification of information provided.
Effectiveness of the application of an educational program based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in adopting preventive behaviors among mothers who have thalassemia children in Iran: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zareban Iraj , Oudi-Akbari Zahra , Jadgal Mohammad Saeed , Ansari Hossein , Hosseinzehi Zamani Jamshid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThalassemia is one of the most common chronic diseases, which cause many problems for the patients, families, and health system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of an educational program based on the Theory of Planned Behavior in adopting preventive behaviors from thalassemia.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial study was associated with the participation of 160 mothers of children suffering from thalassemia major, who were divided into two groups including intervention and control. Demographic information, knowledge, and data related to the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 software and descriptive and analytical tests.ResultsThe mean scores of perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and behavior in the intervention group in the pre-intervention phase were 9.83 ± 1.45, 9.1 ± 21.32, and 2.1 ± 18.42, respectively. The stage after the intervention was increased to 12.00 ± 0.00, 11.51 ± 0.59, and 5 ± 0.37.95, respectively, and the difference of the means in the two stages was significant (Pvalue < 0.0001). But no significant change was observed in the control group (Pvalue > 0.05).ConclusionThe results of the study showed the effect of the training intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on the promotion of preventive behaviors in mothers of children suffering from thalassemia major.
Investigating the effect of serum level of uric acid on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccination in dialysis patients
Authors: Golestani Nasibe , Shamspour Najmeh , Azmandian Jalal , Ahmadipour Habibeh , zarei Mahdi Karamipour 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
HBV infection is a significant concern in dialysis patients, influenced by various factors. This study aims to investigate the impact of serum uric acid levels on the immunogenicity of hepatitis Bvaccination in dialysis patients.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 125 hemodialysis patients. Prior to dialysis, assessments were made for uric acid, vitamin D, HBsAg, andHBsAb. Patients were divided into two groups based on uric acid levels: high level (≥ 6.5 mg/dl) and low level (< 6.5 mg/dl). Each group received three doses of a high-dose hepatitis B vaccine (40 mcg) at 0, 1, and 6 months. After 8 weeks of the 3rd dose of the vaccine, the anti-hepatitis B antibody titer (HBsAb) was measured and recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Results
Among patients with high uric acid, 30 (26.8%) had low HBsAb and 82 (73.2%) had high HBsAb (> 10). In patients with low uric acid, 1 (7.7%) had low HBsAb and 12 (92.3%) had high HBsAb (> 10). There was no statistically significant difference inHBsAb between the two groups. The immune response of HBsAb and uric acid did not show significance based on demographic variables and laboratory results.

Conclusion
This study found no correlation between uric acid levels and the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccination in hemodialysis patients. However, it is important to note that the group with low serum uric acid was very small compared to the other group and this may have influenced these results. Further studies with larger patient populations are needed to provide more conclusive evidence in this area.
Natural product-inspired strategies towards the discovery of novel bioactive molecules
Authors: Gagare Sunita , Patil Pranita , Jain Ashish 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The intricate molecular frameworks of natural products with biological activity towards human targets offer academic and industrial chemists an important starting point for next generation drug discovery. With a focus on natural products for the production of diverse small-molecule libraries and the evaluation of uncharted chemical space, several strategies have emerged for achieving selective modulation of disease-associated targets. This review highlights some of the significant and more recent synthetic strategies inspired by naturally occurring molecular frameworks, aiming at the discovery and development of novel bioactive molecules. We underscore the potential of these innovative strategies with representative examples to forecast their role in addressing the enduring drug design challenge.

Main text
In this review, we discuss these newer natural product-inspired synthetic approaches, among them diversity-oriented synthesis, biology-oriented synthesis, hybrid natural products, diverted total synthesis, pruning natural products, ring distortion of natural products and integrating natural product framework with a bioactive molecule. Selected representative examples associated with these strategies are given to demonstrate how they have been applied to afford desired bioactivity.

Conclusion
This review elaborates several pioneering and emerging strategies inspired from natural product which allows access to the unexplored chemical space to identify novel molecules possessing noteworthy bioactivity. The corresponding examples highlight the success of these strategies in the discovery of novel bioactive molecules which can be further developed in drug discovery and can be novel probes for chemical biology. Although there are limited number of successful examples, the selectivity, activity, and efficacy associated with natural product-inspired molecules accentuate their importance.