bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Neutrophil-Derived Proteins in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Indicate an Exaggerated Inflammatory Response in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: McMorran Brendan J , Ouvry Patat Severine A , Carlin John B , Grimwood Keith , Jones Alun , Armstrong David S , Galati John C , Cooper Peter J , Byrnes Catherine A , Francis Paul W , Robertson Colin F , Hume David A , Borchers Christoph H , Wainwright Claire E , Wainwright Brandon J 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground: Airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF) is exaggerated and characterized by neutrophil-mediated tissue destruction, but its genesis and mechanisms remain poorly understood. To further define the pulmonary inflammatory response, we conducted a proteome-based screen of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected from young children with and without CF experiencing endobronchial infection.Methods: We collected BALF samples from 45 children younger than 5 years and grouped them according to the presence of respiratory pathogens: ≥1 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL BALF (18 and 12 samples with and without CF, respectively) and &lt;1 × 105 CFU/mL (23 and 15 samples). BALF proteins were analyzed with SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) and H4 ProteinChips®. Proteins were identified and characterized using trypsin digestion, tandem MS, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS, immunoblotting, and ELISA.Results: The SELDI-TOF MS BALF profiles contained 53 unique, reliably detected proteins. Peak intensities of 24 proteins differed significantly between the CF and non-CF samples. They included the neutrophil proteins, α-defensin 1 and 2, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12, as well as novel forms of S100A8 and S100A12 with equivalent C-terminal deletions. Peak intensities of these neutrophil proteins and immunoreactive concentrations of selected examples were significantly higher in CF than non-CF samples.Conclusions: Small neutrophil-derived BALF proteins, including novel C-terminal truncated forms of S100A proteins, are easily detected with SELDI-TOF MS. Concentrations of these molecules are abnormally high in early CF lung disease. The data provide new insights into CF lung disease and identify novel proteins strongly associated with CF airway inflammation.
Novel Serum Biomarker Candidates for Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Gangadharan Bevin , Antrobus Robin , Dwek Raymond A , Zitzmann Nicole 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground: Liver biopsy is currently the gold standard for assessing liver fibrosis, and no reliable noninvasive diagnostic approach is available. Therefore a suitable serologic biomarker of liver fibrosis is urgently needed.Methods: We used a proteomics method based on 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify potential fibrosis biomarkers. Serum samples from patients with varying degrees of hepatic scarring induced by infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were analyzed and compared with serum from healthy controls.Results: We observed the most prominent differences when we compared serum samples from cirrhotic patients with healthy control serum. Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4) fragments, α1 antichymotrypsin, apolipoprotein L1 (Apo L1), prealbumin, albumin, paraoxonase/arylesterase 1, and zinc-α2-glycoprotein were decreased in cirrhotic serum, whereas CD5 antigen-like protein (CD5L) and β2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) were increased. In general, α2 macroglobulin (a2M) and immunoglobulin components increased with hepatic fibrosis, whereas haptoglobin and complement components (C3, C4, and factor H-related protein 1) decreased. Novel proteins associated with HCV-induced fibrosis included ITIH4 fragments, complement factor H-related protein 1, CD5L, Apo L1, β2GPI, and thioester-cleaved products of a2M.Conclusions: Assessment of hepatic scarring may be performed with a combination of these novel fibrosis biomarkers, thus eliminating the need for liver biopsy. Further evaluation of these candidate markers needs to be performed in larger patient populations. Diagnosis of fibrosis during early stages will allow early treatment, thereby preventing fibrosis progression.
Feines Weizenmehl und ungenießbare Spelzen. Gregors des Großen Wertschätzung augustinischerTheologie
Authors: Greschat Katharina 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
This article tries to examine the way in which Gregory the Great made use of some topics of his admired model Augustine within his own world towards the end of the sixth century under the emperor Justinian and his successors. It is intended to show that Gregory's handling of the Augustinian theology is not a simplification for the uneducated of the early Middle Ages but quite a sophisticated application and further development for those people who read and knew the important writings of the great Augustine.
Aquinas or Augustine? On the sources of Gabriel Biel's Canonis Missae Expositio
Authors: Geest Paul van 
Published: August 2007

Zusammenfassung
Gabriel Biel, der sowohl die durch Thomas von Aquin repräsentierte via antiqua als auch die durch Scotus und Ockham repräsentierte via moderna studierte, wurde als ein Hauptvertreter der via moderna angesehen, genauer als Vertreter des Nominalismus der via moderna. Das Ziel des Artikels besteht darin, die Auswirkungen von Thomas' Denken auf Biels Werk herauszuarbeiten, besonders seine geistlichen Aspekte und unter Berücksichtigung seiner Augustinrezeption. Thomas' Werk scheint für Biel besonders dort wichtig zu sein, wo Biel einige Hauptpunkte seiner verehrenden Spiritualität beschreibt. Gleichwohl nimmt Thomas eine vergleichsweise geringe Rolle unter den auctoritates bei Biel ein, unter denen die Verfasser biblischer Schriften und Augustin hervorragen. Insgesamt diente Thomas Biel also mehr als Inspiration denn als Legitimation.
Re-interpreting Augustine: Ralph Cudworth and Jacobus Arminius on Grace and Free Will
Authors: Stanciu Diana 
Published: August 2007

Zusammenfassung
Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, den Einfluß Augustins auf Ralph Cudworth, einen Cambridge Platonist aus dem 17. Jh., zu beschreiben. Obwohl Cudworth Augustin selten namentlich nennt, wählt er sorgfältig Passagen aus Augustin aus und interpretiert sie neu, um sein eigenes Ziel zu verfolgen, das darin besteht, Vernunft und Glaube miteinander zu versöhnen. So benutzt Cudworth viele augustinische Vorstellungen, etwa die von Gnade und Sünde oder Erkenntnis als Erleuchtung, um seine eigene Argumentation zu stützen. Außerdem ist eine erstaunliche Parallele im Augustingebrauch zwischen Cudworth und Arminius festzustellen. Dies führt zu der Frage, ob Curdworth für seine Augustinkenntnis auf Arminius zurückgegriffen hat. Die Beobachtung, daß Cudworth oft Augustinpassagen zitiert, die bei Arminius zitiert werden, besonders solche über Gnade und freien Willen, untermauert die Vermutung, daß Cudworth Arminius' Werke gelesen und für seine Augustinrezeption benutzt hat. Damit ist eine Verbindung zwischen Cambridge Platonists und den Arminianern greifbar, die darin begründet sein könnte, daß Cudworth gerade platonische bzw. neuplatonische Ideen bei Augustin rezipiert hat.
Augustine, ‘Pelagianism’, Julian of Aeclanum and Modern Scholarship
Authors: Lössl Josef 
Published: August 2007

Zusammenfassung
Ziel des Artikels ist es, herauszuarbeiten, daß ‚Paulusrezeption‘ im Westen nicht nur ‚Augustinusrezeption‘ ist. Augustin hat nicht den lateinischen Diskurs über Paulus erfunden, sondern sich daran neben anderen beteiligt. Ausgehend von den Debatten zwischen Augustin, Pelagius und Julian von Aeclanum, untersucht der Artikel den Kontext, in dem der lateinische Diskurs über Paulus entstand und sich entwickelte, sowie die Art und Weise, wie die Forschung der letzten drei Jahrhunderte damit umgegangen ist. Die Paulusrezeption in der lateinischen Theologie bildete eine Basis für den Pelagianischen Streit, mit Folgen bis heute. Augustin hat das traditionelle Bild von Julian als dem Architekten des Pelagianischen Systems geprägt, welches sich bis in die moderne Forschung wiederfindet. Gleichwohl ist die Frage zu stellen, inwiefern Julian auch im soziologischen Sinne ein Pelagianer – im Unterschied zu einem Nicht-Pelagianer – war. Julian seinerseits hat Augustins Orthodoxie in Frage gestellt, insbesondere seine Paulusinterpretation und sein Verständnis von der Schöpfung aus dem Nichts. Die wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit Julian, die dessen Theologie auf dem Hintergrund der Alternative Pelagianismus oder Augustinismus zu beschreiben versuchte, war dementsprechend hinsichtlich der Bedeutung Julians für den Pelagianischen Streit gespalten, ein Hinweis auf eine tiefe Krise der Moderne.
Modern Augustinian Biographies: Revisions and Counter-Memories
Authors: Baker-Brian Nicholas 
Published: August 2007

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Augustinbiographien der Antike (Possidius, Petilian, Vincent von Cartennae, Secundinus, Pelagius und Julian von Aeclanum) und Neuzeit (Tillemont, van der Meer, Bonner, Parke, Dassmann, Rist, Stock, Bertrand, De Wohl, Gaarder, Brown, O'Donnell). Der Grund für die große Zahl von Biographien dürfte darin begründet sein, daß Augustin selbst über sich in einer Weise gesprochen hat, die eine Biographie besonders gut ermöglicht hat. Brown, der eine der am weitesten verbreiteten und angesehenen modernen Augustinbiographien geschrieben hat, benutzt Sprache und Vorstellung einer „Psychobiographie“. In jüngerer Zeit unterscheidet demgegenüber O'Donnell's Biographie ‚Augustine, Sinner and Saint. A New Biography‘ zwei Formen des Verstehens von Augustins Leben, nämlich a) den Augustin in seiner Zeit als historische Figur, b) die diachrone Augustingestalt als Gegenstand der Erinnerung. Eine solche „mnemohistorische“ Betrachtung von Erinnerungserzählungen würde den letzteren Weg verfolgen, wie er von zeitgenössischen Gegnern Augustins, aber auch wieder in Erzählungen späterer Zeit erscheint. Nur so kommt es zu Augustin als „Ikone“ und zugleich zur Ablehnung dieser Ikone, bzw. zu Augustin als Tabu.
Artificial Roofing Slates and Shingles
Authors: Cash Carl G. , Condren Stephen J. , Gumpertz Werner H. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Early in the 1980s, manufacturers started to respond to the market desires for a Class A fire-rated steep-sloped roofing material. Other manufacturers sought slate-like roofs that were lower in cost than natural slate. Both groups tried a variety of materials and cellulose fibers including fibers recovered from newsprint, bundles of wood, and more fibrous or shredded wood to reinforce portland cement matrixes. Previously, asbestos fiber was used with cement to form very durable asbestos-cement shingles, sidings, and sheets. Many manufacturers felt they could replace asbestos with other materials and did so offering performance warranties of 25 to 50 years duration. The authors have investigated and tested eleven of these artificial shakes and slates manufactured by nine manufacturers. Hundreds of roofs have been examined in more than 20 states. Some products failed before the installation was completed. Few survived past their tenth year of exposure. None of the artificial shakes and slates investigated are currently manufactured in the United States. We provide data that were generated by our laboratory tests on thousands of specimens made by nine manufacturers (A through I), identify the reinforcements present, list some of the critical properties such as flexural strength, deflection at break, and water absorption, and the specific failure modes for each product. The principal recommendation to avoid failures of this kind is to use products that have a substantial history of effective performance in the environment to which they will be used. Proceed into a market place cautiously when formulation changes are made to products with successful track records.
Strength of a Ceramic Sectored Flexural Test Specimen
Authors: Wereszczak A. A. , Duffy S. F. , Baker E. H. , Swab J. J. , Champoux G. J. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
A new test specimen, defined here as the “sectored flexural strength test specimen,” was developed to measure the strength of ceramic tubes specifically for circumstances when flaws located at the tube’s outer diameter are the strength-limiter when subjected to axial tension. The understanding of such strength-limitation is relevant when ceramic tubes are subjected to bending or when the internal temperature is hotter than the tube’s exterior (e.g., heat exchangers). The test specimen is both economically and statistically attractive because eight test specimens (eight in the case of this project—but the user is not necessarily limited to eight) were extracted out of each length of tube. An analytic expression for maximum (or failure) stress, and relationships portraying effective area and effective volume as a function of Weibull modulus were developed. Lastly, it was shown through the testing of two ceramics that the sectored flexural specimen was very effective; it produced failures caused by strength-limiting flaws located on the tube’s original outer diameter.
Disruption of Heparan and Chondroitin Sulfate Signaling Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Osteogenic Differentiation via Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Pathways
Authors: Manton Kerry J. , Leong Denise F. M. , Cool Simon M. , Nurcombe Victor 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans have been implicated in a multitude of biological processes, including embryonic implantation, tissue morphogenesis, wound repair, and neovascularization through their ability to regulate growth factor activity and morphogenic gradients. However, the direct role of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sugar-side chains in the control of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation into the osteoblast lineage is poorly understood. Here, we show that the abundant cell surface GAGs, HS and CS, are secreted in proteoglycan complexes that directly regulate the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts. Enzymatic depletion of the HS and CS chains by heparinase and chondroitinase treatment decreased HS and CS expression but did not alter the expression of the HS core proteins perlecan and syndecan. When digested separately, depletion of HS and CS chains did not effect hMSC proliferation but rather increased BMP bioactivity through SMAD1/5/8 intracellular signaling at the same time as increasing canonical Wnt signaling through LEF1 activation. Long-term culturing of cells in HS- and CS-degrading enzymes also increased bone nodule formation, calcium accumulation, and the expression of such osteoblast markers as alkaline phosphatase, RUNX2, and osteocalcin. Thus, the enzymatic disruption of HS and CS chains on cell surface proteoglycans alters BMP and Wnt activity so as to enhance the lineage commitment and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Lentiviral Rescue of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Expression in Flk1−/− Embryonic Stem Cells Shows Early Priming of Endothelial Precursors
Authors: Li Xiujuan , Edholm Dan , Lanner Fredrik , Breier Georg , Farnebo Filip , Dimberg Anna , Claesson-Welsh Lena 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and its receptors are important for vascular development and maintenance of blood vessels, as well as for angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels. Loss of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2; designated Flk-1 in mouse) results in arrest of vascular and hematopoietic development in vivo. We used lentiviral transduction to reconstitute VEGFR-2 expression in flk1−/− embryonic stem (ES) cells. VEGF-induced vasculogenesis and sprouting angiogenesis were rescued in transduced ES cultures differentiating in vitro as EBs. Although the transgene was expressed in the pluripotent stem cells and lacked linage restriction during differentiation, the extent of endothelial recruitment was similar to that in wild-type EBs. Reconstitution of VEGFR-2 in flk1−/− ES cells allowed only precommitted precursors to differentiate into functional endothelial cells able to organize into vascular structures. Chimeric EB cultures composed of wild-type ES cells mixed with flk1−/− ES cells or reconstituted VEGFR-2-expressing ES cells were created. In the chimeric cultures, flk1−/− endothelial precursors were excluded from wild-type vessel structures, whereas reconstituted VEGFR-2-expressing precursors became integrated together with wild-type endothelial cells to form chimeric vessels. We conclude that maturation of endothelial precursors, as well as organization into vascular structures, requires expression of VEGFR-2.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
A new species of Moaciria (Nematoda, Heterakidae) and other helminths in the red Mawatta frog, Hylophorbus cf. rufescens (Anura, Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bursey Charles , Goldberg Stephen , Kraus Fred 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMoaciria moraveci sp. nov. (Nematoda, Heterakidae) from the large intestine of Hylophorbus cf. rufescens from Papua New Guinea is described. Moaciria moraveci sp. nov. represents the 9th species assigned to the genus and the 5th from the Australo-Papuan region. It is distinguished from congeners by the distribution pattern of the caudal papillae of the male, spicule length and vulvar position.
Pseudorhabdosynochus bacchus sp. nov. (Monogenea, Diplectanidae) from Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Perciformes, Serranidae) off New Caledonia
Authors: Sigura Aude , Chauvet Claude , Justine Jean-Lou 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPseudorhabdosynochus bacchus sp. nov. (Diplectanidae) is described from the gills of the whitespotted grouper Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus collected off New Caledonia, South Pacific, and is the first monogenean reported from this fish. It has a characteristic quadriloculate male organ, with both cone and tube of similar short length (10–12 μm). The morphology of its sclerotised vagina, with two chambers of equal size, differentiates it from all other species of the genus. Other rare Pseudorhabdosynochus species and specimens of an undescribed species of Haliotrema (Ancyrocephalidae) were also found, but in insufficient number to allow description.
New feather mite species (Acari, Astigmata) from the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita and Yellow-crested Cockatoo C. sulphurea (Psittaciformes, Cacatuidae)
Authors: Dabert Jacek , Badek Agnieszka , Skoracki Maciej 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwo new genera and three new species of feather mites (Astigmata, Pterolichoidea, Analgoidea) are described from two closely related species of cockatoos, Cacatua galerita (type host) and C. sulphurea (Psittaciformes, Cacatuidae): Astrolabelichus caudatus gen. nov., sp. nov. (Pterolichidae), Psittophagus lacunosus sp. nov. (Pterolichidae), and Cacatualges microdiscus gen. nov., sp. nov. (Xolalgidae). The presence of the same set of mite species on these two species of parrots points to a very close affinity of Cacatua sulphurea and C. galerita and gives additional support for the recent hypothesis of the conspecificity of these birds.
Brasergasilus bifurcatus sp. nov. (Copepoda, Ergasilidae, Abergasilinae) from the gills and nasal fossae of serrasalmid fishes from the Três Marias Reservoir, Upper São Francisco River, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: Santos Michelle , Thatcher Vernon , Brasil-Sato Marilia 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBrasergasilus bifurcatus sp. nov. (Copepoda, Ergasilidae, Abergasilinae) is described. Specimens of the new species were collected from the gills and nasal fossae of the serrasalmid fishes, known as “piranhas”, Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier, 1819) and “pirambebas”, Serrasalmus brandtii (Lütken, 1875). The fishes were netted in the Três Marias Reservoir (18°12′59″S, 45°17′34″W) of the upper São Francisco River, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The new species differs from its congeners by the following characters: the specific setation on the antennule; the terminal barb of the antenna; the deeply bifurcate distal segment of the mandible; the chalice-shaped genital complex; a conspicuous external indentation of the second segment of the first endopod and a very short terminal segment of the first exopod.
Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of Calliobothrium verticillatum (Cestoda, Tetraphyllidea, Oncobothriidae)
Authors: Quilichini Yann , Foata Joséphine , Bâ Cheikh , Marchand Bernard 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of Calliobothrium verticillatum (Cestoda, Tetraphyllidea, Oncobothriidae) parasite of the smoothhound shark, Mustelus mustelus L. (Pisces, Carcharhiniformes), was studied by transmission electron microscopy. This spermatozoon presents five regions characterized by several ultrastructural elements: an apical cone, a crested body, two axonemes of 9 + “1” pattern, electron-dense granules, a nucleus and cortical microtubules. In the present study, three of these features were the subject of a detailed attention. The first is the presence of two axonemes, which confirms that the Tetraphyllidea, Oncobothriidae possess two axonemes whereas the Tetraphyllidea, Phyllobothriidae possess only one axoneme. The second is the presence of one crested body, a criterion homogeneous in the Tetraphyllidea but heterogeneous among the different orders of Cestoda. The third is the number and the disposition of cortical microtubules. These three criteria seem to be interesting for phylogeny.
Gamasine mite (Parasitiformes, Mesostigmata) infestations of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Turkey
Authors: Cicek Hatice , Stanyukovich Maria , Yagci Sukran , Aktas Metin , Karaer Zafer 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe present study was conducted on bats from different locations in Turkey. Of 33 bats, belonging to 10 species, 10 individuals (30.3%) of four species were infected with gamasine mites. Fifty-three mites belonging to 2 families (Spinturnicidae and Macronyssidae) were collected. The spinturnicid Spinturnix myoti (Kolenati) was the most abundant species (27 specimens) and only recorded n Myotis nattereri (Kuhl). The species Steatonyssus periblepharus (Kolenati) and the genera Steatonyssus, Macronyssus and Ancystropus are reported from Turkey for the first time, while new host and distributional data are presented.
New data on straggled eyeworm Oxyspirura chabaudi (Baruš, 1965) (Nematoda, Thelaziidae) in Europe
Authors: Okulewicz Anna , Okulewicz Jerzy , Hildebrand Joanna , Zaleśny Grzegorz 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThree male specimens of the eyeworm, Oxyspirura chabaudi, were found during the post mortem examination of one individual of Turdus merula L. (Passeriformes). This is the first record of Turdus merula as a host for O. chabaudi.