bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface magnetism in Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals ferromagnet
Authors: Tyson Trevor A , Amarasinghe Sandun , Abeykoon A M Milinda , Lalancette Roger , Du Kai , Fang Xiaochen , Cheong Sang-W , Al-Mahboob Abdullah , Sadowski Jerzy T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The surface magnetization of Fe3GeTe2 was examined by low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) using an off-normal incidence electron beam. We found that the 180° domain walls are of Bloch type. Temperature-dependent LEEM measurements yield a surface magnetization with a surface critical exponent β1 = 0.79 ± 0.02. This result is consistent with surface magnetism in the 3D semi-infinite Heisenberg (β1 = 0.84 ± 0.01) or Ising (β1 = 0.78 ± 0.02) models, which is distinctly different from the bulk exponent (β = 0.34 ± 0.07). The measurements reveal the power of LEEM with a tilted beam to determine magnetic domain structure in quantum materials without the need for the use of spin-polarized electrons. Single crystal diffraction measurements reveal inversion symmetry-breaking weak peaks and yield space group P-6m2. This Fe site defect-derived loss of inversion symmetry enables the formation of skyrmions in this Fe3GeTe2 crystal.
Integrating 2D magnets for quantum devices: from materials and characterization to future technology
Authors: Zhong Han , Plummer Douglas Z , Lu Pengcheng , Li Yang , Leger Polina A , Wu Yingying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The unveiling of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnetism ignited a surge of interest in low-dimensional magnetism. With dimensions reduced, research has delved into facile electric control of 2D magnetism, high-quality heterostructure design, and new device functionality. These atomically thin magnetic materials have spawned a burgeoning field known as 2D spintronics, holding immense promise for future quantum technologies. In this review, we comprehensively survey the current advancements in 2D magnet-based quantum devices, accentuating their role in manifesting exotic properties and enabling novel functionalities. Topological states, spin torques, voltage control of magnetic anisotropy, strain engineering, twistronics, and designer interface will be discussed. Furthermore, we offer an outlook for their development in future CMOS and quantum hardware paradigms.
Why do some informal settlements fare better than others? A mixed-methods analysis of water and sanitation inequities across informal settlements
Authors: Khan Hassaan Furqan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over three hundred million people in South Asian cities live in informal settlements. The administrative and socio-economic contexts in which these informal settlements emerge exhibit significant heterogeneity, influencing their access to water and sanitation. Using a mixed methods approach, this investigation compares variations in, and determinants of, access to water and sanitation services across informal settlements in Karachi, Pakistan. Quantitative surveys of four hundred households highlight significant inequities in water and sanitation services across informal settlements. These include limited access to piped water, water use that is much lower than the minimum needed to sustain human life, high incidence of waterborne disease, and significant resulting healthcare expenses. Key stakeholder interviews reveal that while legal recognition (i.e. regularization) can help settlements connect to the city’s water and sanitation network, policy and legislative changes have failed to ensure public utility service provision in newly regularized settlements meaning that residents are responsible for developing their own internal infrastructure. Settlements that receive non-governmental support from intermediaries during regularization feature better water and sanitation services as do older informal settlements that have accumulated greater financial and social capital. These findings underscore the importance of addressing service provision as part of the regularization process for Karachi’s informal settlements and emphasize the need for a more granular understanding of differences in water and sanitation service access across South Asian informal settlements.
Financial Behavior among Emerging Adults
Authors: Robb Cliff A , Dutton Kayla M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A broad understanding of financial well-being among emerging adults necessarily requires some understanding of their financial behavior. In this chapter, we focus on several broad categories of consumer behavior that have received attention from social scientists and policymakers. Respectively, we provide a deeper exploration of budgeting, saving, investing, and credit/debt management. These categories provide a strong foundation for understanding financial flourishing or floundering. While it can be difficult to separate behavior from broader factors such as financial literacy and institutional considerations, we strive to provide a picture of emerging adults’ observed behaviors and consider the implications of those behaviors. This chapter highlights the unique challenges of needing to borrow more at younger ages, challenges in saving for the short and long term, and general financial security among emerging adults. These challenges are considered in the context of general wage stagnation and increasing cost of living. Recommendations for emerging adults are provided.
Navigating Financial Self-Sufficiency
Authors: Vosylis Rimantas , Negru-Subtirica Oana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many parents around the world continue to financially support their emerging adult children as the latter experience prolonged education and extended transition times to stable employment. This has made the path to financial self-sufficiency longer and more diversified. Some emerging adults achieve financial self-reliance quickly, while others rely on parents until their early thirties. Therefore, the pathways linking parental financial support to emerging adults’ financial and general flourishing and floundering have received considerable attention from researchers. First, this chapter examines the increasing role of parental financial support in contemporary societies. Second, it delves into how prolonged parental financial support promotes emerging adults’ financial wellness. Third, it discusses the role of family socioeconomic status in the form and level of financial support parents can provide. Finally, it addresses the negative effects of parental financial support on emerging adult children’s psychological well-being, developmental progression, formation of financial skills, and parent–child relationships.
Socioeconomic Vulnerability of Emerging Adults in the United States
Authors: Solheim Catherine , Fatiha Nusroon , Dysart Pamela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter employs an intersectional lens to examine the realities of socioeconomically vulnerable emerging adults and their families that may lead to financial floundering. We champion the idea that financial capability is a relevant concept for this population because it goes beyond the commonly held definitions of financial literacy (i.e., an individual’s financial knowledge, skills, and behaviors) to consider equitable access to financial systems, products, and services. This more accurately reflects the lived experiences of minoritized emerging adults and their families who comprise a significant proportion of those who are socioeconomically vulnerable in U.S. society. We discuss factors that influence emerging adults’ ability to accumulate assets and build wealth, including education, employment, homeownership, and intergenerational wealth transfers. Finally, we conclude with promising solutions to remove systemic barriers so that socioeconomically vulnerable emerging adults and their families can pursue their financial goals, build wealth, achieve financial well-being, and flourish financially.
Gender and Finances in Emerging Adulthood: Sex, Gender, and Inequalities
Authors: Rinaldi Emanuela E , Giannella Valeria A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter will first discuss the difference between sex (i.e., biological) and gender (i.e., a social construct), and how money contributes to “doing gender,” with gender-based economic norms, expectations, and behaviors that change over time and from one country to another. Then, it will discuss gender-based economic inequalities (e.g., earnings) that may affect the transition to adulthood. Because one of the salient factors that shape gender-based wealth inequity is financial knowledge, we provide an overview of studies from several countries that show contributing factors to the gender gap in financial knowledge level among young people (i.e., lower for women). After that, we explore gender differences in financial attitudes and behaviors. Finally, we highlight the role that gender stereotypes play in financial flourishing and floundering in emerging adulthood.
Introduction
Authors: Corvellec Hervé , Bevan David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This volume shows that waste, in both how it is produced and how it is construed, can serve as a revelatory lens through which the social world itself may be critically re-examined and assessed. Drawing on related interdisciplinary interests for waste, it presents contributions that address the thematic concerns of materiality, society, economy, and temporality. The aim is to offer an introduction to critical waste-based epistemology. This chapter opens contextually with introductions to discard and waste studies, and to the practice of critique, followed by an introduction to the 16 contributions to the volume. In a series of further reflections, we elicit the key features and demonstrate how these contributors lay a ground for, and trace pathways towards, a critical waste-based epistemology.
On the Socio-Material Practices of Leakage Control
Authors: Olofsson Jennie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter engages leakage, through a joint reading of feminist theories and discard studies. The focus is on the logics and monitoring practices that surround and render leakage intelligible. As such, this chapter constitutes a critique of containment, including human estrangement from, and domination of, more-than humans. Leakage has been an object of attention, from feminist theorists and discard studies scholars alike. A joint reading suggests that whereas some leakages are of concern to economists, state actors, and industries, other leakages remain highly intimate. Leakage, then, attains meaning and bites back differently depending on the logics of which it comprises part. At the same time, there are connections and similarities between the different logics, idea(l)s of containment and control being one example. A critique of containment, then, suggests that leakage is both relational and productive, and that it serves also as a trace-making practice. Herein lies also its transformative potential.
From Thin to Thick Relationships with Objects
Authors: Lehtokunnas Taru , Närvänen Elina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Overconsumption is often blamed for upholding unsustainable ways of living and producing thin relationships between consumers and objects of consumption. This conceptual chapter offers an alternative view by focusing on the constitution of consumer subjectivity. It focuses especially on how the different wasteness of consumption objects, such as bananas, smartphones, and used armchairs, shape our subjectivity and the relationships we have with the objects. With the wasteness of consumption objects, the authors refer to the tendency of all objects to turn into waste. As the chapter illustrates, wasteness is a quality that is always present in all objects and thus not only related to the acts of disposing and excluding unwanted things. We argue that the wasteness of objects is not always a negative quality in an object, but instead it may be understood as a quality for making the relationship between consumers and the objects thicker and more caring.
Grassroots Social Innovation of Waste Pickers as Critique of the Existing Social Order
Authors: Gutberlet Jutta , de Carvalho Vallin Isabella 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Grassroots initiatives in the waste sector can contribute to reducing poverty, increasing social inclusion, creating gender equity, and tackling a range of other social, environmental, and climate change objectives. In many parts of the world, organized waste pickers have developed leadership by delivering ecosocial contributions, helping cities deal with waste management, and addressing social valorization within the waste value chain. The activities of these grassroots agents entail an open critique of existing social and political orders, expressed in current mainstream regimes of waste and waste management. Novel practices emerge from marginal ‘niche’ contexts, in which waste pickers experiment with technological innovations, develop alternative governance forms, or obtain successful strategies for increasing income. This chapter discusses the ways in which waste pickers develop their own solutions to tackle the bottlenecks, challenges, and questions that they face in their everyday work life.
A Critique of Heroic Efficacy
Authors: Corvellec Hervé 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter questions the rallying cry that ‘waste is a resource’ through the lens of François Jullien’s critique of efficacy. Focusing on the waste hierarchy, the lean movement, and the circular economy, it shows that viewing waste as a resource privileges a heroic mode of action based on ideals, means and ends, and intended outcomes. Contrasting ancient Greek and Chinese philosophies, Jullien contrasts this proactive approach, which defines efficacy as the ability to solve problems and achieve goals, with an anti-heroic focus on immanence, situational circumstances, and transformations. This contrast leads to a critique of the overconfidence currently placed in heroic efficacy. Heroic efficacy appears as a conservative posture that supports the dominant social order and deflects fitting social critique. But the Anthropocene epitomizes the need to re-evaluate current confidence in heroic efficacy and to seek non-heroic approaches.
Waste Commoning as Critical Answer to the Property Question
Authors: Zapata Patrik , Zapata Campos María José 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cooking food salvaged from waste bins, acquiring knowledge and skills to repair one’s bicycle in a ‘bike kitchen’, and collecting discarded materials as part of a waste picker cooperative illustrate how waste can be transformed into a commons through waste commoning. The possibility of such a transformation provides a critical perspective on the simplistic dualism that property is only either public or private. Waste commoning is a practice-based critique and questions the assumption that property can only be either public or private. Through insurgent knowledge, small-scale practices, and entangled rationales and relations, waste commoning points towards alternative ways to organize a more sustainable and inclusive society.
Mother Earth and Her Three Little Wasteful Pigs
Authors: Hird Myra J , Dee Gabriella 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter considers waste as a planetary crisis, and Earth as the porcine mother who sends her over-consuming children out into the world. The first born, hegemonic little pig, dismisses the crisis, swaggering in ever-accelerating capitalist growth. His more mature brother, somewhat concerned about his vulnerability to accelerating environmental catastrophe, builds his house with aspirational concepts like waste as resource and circular economy, and with regulations, transboundary amendments and policies that seek to work within his older brother’s burn-baby-burn empire. The youngest pig is tired of her older siblings’ telling her ‘how things are’. Their settler colonialism, neoliberal capitalism, and social injustice have rendered her the most vulnerable, and she is building her shelter against the inhospitable future with what her brothers call ‘radical’ thinking: degrowth. Drawing on a range of theoretical and methodological traditions, this chapter considers the feasibility of degrowth, and its potential impact on our waste crisis.
Wasting to Slow Down Time
Authors: Offenhuber Dietmar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the concept of informational waste by tracing its relationships with energy, value, and time. The concept of data exhaust is often used as a metaphor for datasets that have outlived their original role and are subsequently used for the secondary purposes of analytics and surveillance. In this chapter, the concept is taken literally by contrasting it with physical waste and focusing on its materialities and their implications. To understand the role of infotrash in the digital economy, this chapter examines how it paradoxically serves as a mode of value creation. Examples discussed include the proof-of-work blockchain, which creates computational friction to delay transactions, and informational clutter generated to maximize the time users spend on a page. In both cases, the bulk of the information involved is not generated for its semantic content but for its material effects.
Attempting to Waste Time
Authors: Alexander Kelly , Reno Joshua O 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter considers the potential paradox of wasting time within the purposive framework of advanced-stage capitalism by exploring intentional acts of freewheeling creativity. In a society driven by productivity, it questions the feasibility of wasting time and its cultural implications. Through a cultural anthropological lens, the research scrutinizes the intentional pursuit of leisure activities like cooking and playing video games as avenues for purposeful time-wasting endeavors. Employing autoethnographic methods, the chapter reveals how individuals, amidst value-producing capitalist pressures, engage in deliberate acts of creative idleness as a form of resistance or subversion. It analyses these intentional practices within the context of cultural norms and societal expectations and challenges conventional perceptions of time use and productivity. The authors’ experiment with wasting time not only sheds light on the intersection of leisure, creativity, and capitalist structures but also provokes contemplation of the cultural significance and potential transformative power of purposeful time-wasting activities.
Theorizing Toleration of Noncompliance
Authors: Zhang Yaning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter develops a theoretical framework to unpack the conceptual ambiguity and causal variety of ToN. Through a rigorous definition of ToN, this chapter effectively distinguishes ToN from other similar concepts and then specifies its various manifestations along the substantive and procedural dimensions. As the analytical basis, this chapter sees the Commission as a hybrid institution of a judicial trustee and a political agent. This hybrid nature also generates divergent enforcement incentives for safeguarding the stability of the EU legal order and advancing the Commission’s policy agenda. As a result, the interaction of dual incentives leads to four ideal types of ToN, which form the theoretical core of this book. To strengthen the validity of the proposed typology, it also introduces alternative explanations based on the mainstream literature. The final section outlines the analytical steps of case studies in the following chapters.
Ravens, Books, and Bells
Authors: Miller Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2 argues that Edgar Allan Poe’s poetry foregrounds prosodic and sonic reproducibility, rather than psychological authenticity, in order to critique Romantic theories of poetry dominant by the 1830s. Poe’s emblem for his prosody-oriented poetics is his famous raven, which can reproduce human speech without comprehending it, and so evacuates lyric utterance of its presumed emotional or cognitive content. Through readings of poems including “The Raven” and “The Bells” and essays including “The Rationale of Verse,” the chapter details the ways in which Poe draws attention to the physical media and literary conventions that shape prosodic form. It analyzes The Simpsons’ 1990 television repurposing of “The Raven” and the folk singer Phil Ochs’ 1964 recording of “The Bells” to argue that Poe’s work ultimately affirms the value of prosodic variability from one performer to the next, both within and across historical periods.
Syllable from Sound
Authors: Miller Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3 argues that Dickinson’s prosody might best be accessed not by scanning the words of a given text, nor by restoring a particular document to its original discourse network, but through an act of remediation. Dickinson published almost nothing during her lifetime, leaving nearly 1,800 poems in manuscript at the time of her death. Some critics have therefore argued that her work should be interpreted in manuscript or facsimile. Other critics have emphasized her aural and prosodic innovations. Dickinson herself does not say whether to prioritize her scripted forms or her audible language, but her poems contemplate this choice at the level of image and trope, frequently juxtaposing images of fluidity and gradience with images of materialist particularity. Reading these oxymoronic pairings alongside Dickinson’s textual history, contemporaneous advances in sound recording, and the recent Dickinson television series, this chapter synthesizes aural and documentary approaches to her work.
Explaining Apologies in Post-Crisis Europe
Authors: Kovras Iosif 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The chapter examines the comparative experience of Ireland and Greece, focusing on the presence or absence of public apologies from political leaders. The chapter reveals that Irish politicians, operating within a culture that values individual accountability, frequently issued apologies to maintain public trust and support. This approach facilitated institutional reforms and helped leaders manage public expectations. Conversely, in Greece, politicians avoided apologies due to a cultural context that prioritizes collective reputation and blame avoidance, fearing that admissions of failure would be exploited by political opponents. The chapter uses a detailed comparative analysis to highlight how these cultural differences influenced political responses to the crisis, providing insights into the broader dynamics of accountability and crisis management in Europe.
Giant cell tumour of the larynx—a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Fraga de Abreu Vitor H , Pacheco Ricardo , Cunha Fernando , Borges Alexandra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Giant cell tumours (GCTs) of the larynx are extremely rare. The most affected structure is the thyroid cartilage and only 44 cases are reported in the literature.1 Clinically, their first manifestation is usually a palpable neck mass, often accompanied by hoarseness, dyspnoea, and/or dysphagia depending on size and location. GCTs are benign neoplasms, yet awareness of this entity is crucial as their aggressive local behaviour can cause significant morbidity with airway obstruction and can simulate a malignancy. The differential diagnosis is broad and remains a clinical and radiological challenge. Indeed, the final diagnosis is established by histology postoperatively. Surgery is the preferred treatment but may impair voice quality. For incomplete surgical resections and high surgical risk lesions, denosumab treatment is a valuable option. We share our experience on GCTs in a young adult presenting as a supraglottic mass.