bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter Phase II Study of Irinotecan, Cisplatin, and Bevacizumab in Patients With Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shah Manish A. , Ramanathan Ramesh K. , Ilson David H. , Levnor Alissa , D'Adamo David , O'Reilly Eileen , Tse Archie , Trocola Robin , Schwartz Lawrence , Capanu Marinela , Schwartz Gary K. , Kelsen David P. 
Published: November 2006

Purpose Bevacizumab improves survival in several solid tumor malignancies when combined with chemotherapy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy in the treatment of gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods Forty-seven patients with metastatic or unresectable gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma were treated with bevacizumab 15 mg/kg on day 1, irinotecan 65 mg/m2, and cisplatin 30 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, every 21 days. The primary end point was to demonstrate a 50% improvement in time to progression over historical values. Secondary end points included safety, response, and survival. Results Patient characteristics were as follows: median age 59 years (range, 25 to 75); Karnofsky performance status 90% (70% to 100%); male:female, 34:13; and gastric/GEJ, 24:23. With a median follow-up of 12.2 months, median time to progression was 8.3 months (95% CI, 5.5 to 9.9 months). In 34 patients with measurable disease, the overall response rate was 65% (95% CI, 46% to 80%). Median survival was 12.3 months (95% CI, 11.3 to 17.2 months). We observed no increase in chemotherapy related toxicity. Possible bevacizumab-related toxicity included a 28% incidence of grade 3 hypertension, two patients with a gastric perforation and one patient with a near perforation (6%), and one patient with a myocardial infarction (2%). Grade 3 to 4 thromboembolic events occurred in 25% of patients. Although the primary tumor was unresected in 40 patients, we observed only one patient with a significant upper gastrointestinal bleed. Conclusion Bevacizumab can be safely given with chemotherapy even with primary gastric and GEJ tumors in place. The response rate, time to disease progression (TTP), and overall survival are encouraging, with TTP improved over historical controls by 75%. Further development of bevacizumab in gastric and GEJ cancers is warranted.
Development of a Stress Corrosion Cracking Test Methodology Using Tube-shaped Specimens
Authors: Sato Yasumoto , He Xue , Takeda Yoichi , Shoji Tetsuo 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is one of the greatest concerns in nuclear aging and degradation, and studies on the measurement of stress corrosion crack growth rates (CGR) and the effects of environmental, material, and mechanical parameters on the CGR have been performed using mainly fracture mechanics specimens. However, the stress states for the fracture mechanics specimens are different from that of real field components and there is concern about the applicability of the data obtained from fracture mechanics specimens to the evaluation of SCC behaviors in real field components. In this study, in order to obtain SCC for specimens that have a similar shape of real field components under complicated stress states, an SCC test methodology using specimens in the shape of tubes was developed. Its effectiveness was verified by performing an SCC test using a mock-up of a bottom mount instrumentation tube of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) under a simulated PWR primary water environment. Intergranular SCC was created in the mock-up specimen using the developed SCC test methodology and SCC crack growth rate for the mock-up specimen was measured.
The distribution of properly Σ20 e-degrees
Authors: Bereznyuk Stanislaw , Coles Richard , Sorbi Andrea 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe show that for every enumeration degree a < 0′e there exists an e-degree c such that a ≤ c < 0′e, and all degrees b, with c ≤ b < 0′e, are properly Σ20.
Ordinal diagrams for Π3-reflection
Authors: Arai Toshiyasu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a recursive notation system O(Π3) of ordinals. An element of the notation system is called an ordinal diagram. The system is designed for proof theoretic study of theories of Π3-reflection. We show that for each α < Ω in O(Π3) a set theory KP Π3 for Π3-reflection proves that the initial segment of O(Π3) determined by α is a well ordering. Proof theoretic study for such theories will be reported in [ 4].
Classification of δ-invariant amalgamation classes
Authors: Aref'ev Roman D. , Baldwin John T. , Mazzucco Marco 
Published: November 2006

Hrushovski's generalization of the Fraisse construction has provided a rich source of examples in model theory, model theoretic algebra and random graph theory. The construction assigns to a dimension function δ and a class K of finite (finitely generated) models a countable ‘generic’ structure. We investigate here some of the simplest possible cases of this construction. The class K will be a class of finite graphs; the dimension, δ(A), of a finite graph A will be the cardinality of A minus the number of edges of A. Finally and significantly we restrict to classes which are δ-invariant. A class of finite graphs is δ-invariant if membership of a graph in the class is determined (as specified below) by the dimension and cardinality of the graph, and dimension and cardinality of all its subgraphs. Note that a generic graph constructed as in Hrushovski's example of a new strongly minimal set does not arise from a δ-invariant class.We show there are countably many δ-invariant (strong) amalgamation classes of finite graphs which are closed under subgraph and describe the countable generic models for these classes. This analysis provides ω-stable generic graphs with an array of saturation and model completeness properties which belies the similarity of their construction. In particular, we answer a question of Baizhanov (unpublished) and Baldwin [5] and show that this construction can yield an ω-stable generic which is not saturated. Further, we exhibit some ω-stable generic graphs that are not model complete.
On the Origin of Green Emission Bands in Fluorene‐Based Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Montilla F. , Mallavia R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBlue‐light‐emitting diodes made of polyfluorenes have low stability and, under operation, rapidly degrade and produce undesirable low‐energy emission bands (green or g‐bands). A spectroelectrochemical study of the degradation process suffered by polyfluorenes is reported here. These polymers lose their electronic properties by electrochemical oxidation and reduction through σ‐bond breaking. In addition, upon electrochemical reduction, the development of a structured green emission band at 485 nm is observed. The position and shape of this band is different from the usual featureless band at 535 nm assigned to fluorenone defects. The green‐light‐emitting product is isolated and analyzed by Fourier‐transform IR spectroscopy; fluorenone formation is excluded. The isolated product is crosslinked; its green emission is probably related to the formation of an intramolecular excimer.
Efficiency penalty analysis for pure H2 production processes with CO2 capture
Authors: Feng Wei , Ji Peijun , Tan Tianwei 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe conventional steam‐reforming (CSR) process is a major process for the production of pure hydrogen from natural gas with CO2 as the main by‐product. In this work, based on the CSR process, several alternative H2‐producing processes with CO2 capture are simulated and analyzed. The alternative processes capture the CO2 by concentrating the CO2 through the approaches including burning some of the separated H2 instead of CH4 in the furnace, using pure oxygen instead of air for the combustion of fuel gas, applying a prereformer to reduce the usage of pure oxygen, and applying an H2‐membrane in the steam reformer to separate pure H2. The reactors of the CSR process and the alternative processes with CO2 capture were simulated based on the kinetic models of the reactions. The CSR process and the alternative processes were evaluated in terms of the thermodynamic efficiency, the amount of high pressure (HP) H2 produced per mole of CH4, the amount of CO2 produced per mole of HP H2, and the CO2 captured per mol of HP H2. The efficiency penalties for CO2 capture of the alternative processes were compared and discussed. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
CFD and experimental study on methane hydrate dissociation Part I. Dissociation under water flow
Authors: Sean Wu‐Yang , Sato Toru , Yamasaki Akihiro , Kiyono Fumio 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDissociation processes of methane hydrate under water flow conditions were investigated by a combination of experimental observations and numerical simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In Part I of this study, the dissociation process induced by water flow at pressures above the three‐phase [hydrate (H)–liquid water (Lw)–vapor (V)] boundary in an isothermal x–P phase diagram is discussed. Dissociation experiments were carried out with a methane hydrate ball (diameter ≅ 10 mm) suspended in a flow cell, and the overall dissociation rate of methane hydrate without bubble formation was measured under various conditions of pressure, temperature, and volumetric flow rate of water. A linear phenomenological rate equation in the form of the product of the dissociation rate constant kbl and the molar Gibbs free energy difference ΔG, between the hydrate phase and the ambient aqueous phase, was derived by considering the Gibbs free energy difference as the driving force for the dissociation. The molar Gibbs free energy difference was expressed by the logarithm of the ratio of the concentration of methane dissolved in water at the hydrate surface to the solubility of methane in the aqueous solution in equilibrium with the hydrate. The dissociation rate constant kbl was determined from the experimental results of the overall dissociation rate combined with the numerical simulation results of the concentration profile of methane by the CFD method. The obtained dissociation rate constant was found to be independent of the ambient water flow rate, indicating that the rate constant is intrinsic for the hydrate dissociation within the conditions examined in this study. The rate constant was independent of the pressure, whereas the temperature dependency was described by an Arrhenius‐type equation with the apparent activation energy of 98.3 kJ/mol. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Use of cell bleed in a high cell density perfusion culture and multivariable control of biomass and metabolite concentrations
Authors: Deschênes J‐S. , Desbiens A. , Perrier M. , Kamen A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA main problem in controlling bioprocesses is the lack of manipulated variables. Batches and fed‐batches cannot be drained of the waste substances produced by the biomass. A chemostat (CSTR) may have the dilution rate as the manipulated variable, allowing a certain control over the biomass concentration with a risk, however, of washout if the dilution rate gets higher than the maximum growth rate. Perfusion processes with full biomass retention are somewhat similar to batches, as no steady state is really obtained until biomass growth is stopped by nutrient limitations. Cell bleed is often used in perfusions to improve the overall cell culture viability, and prevent accumulation of dead cells. However, use of the cell bleed stream as a manipulated variable for control has not yet received much attention. This paper's main contribution is the use of cell bleed as an additional degree of freedom in a multivariable control strategy for a perfusion culture. To add to the originality of the contribution, the control strategy used is multivariable nonlinear adaptive backstepping, which has never been used for a perfusion bioreactor. Results show a good performance of the controller, while the chosen set points actually correspond to perfusion operation. Copyright © 2006 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the bread oven rise by on‐line image analysis
Authors: Bai X. , Zhou W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe final volume of a bread loaf is determined by a fast and dynamic phenomenon during baking, called ‘oven rise’. This paper describes a method to characterize the bread oven‐rise pattern by on‐line image analysis. The bread baking process was acquired on‐line as a series of digital images by a camera. The images were then processed to extract the morphological feature of the bread to enable the calculation of bread volume, based on the assumed geometry. Changes in the bread volume were found to exhibit a three‐stage pattern. Influences of the dough mixing time and a novel ingredient, green tea extract (GTE), were examined from the patterns. Copyright © 2006 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal operation of baker's yeast fermentation in the presence of uncertainty
Authors: Vemuri Jyothy , Palanki Srinivas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the problem of determining the optimal feeding policy for a fed‐batch fermentation for the production of baker's yeast in the presence of uncertainty. Two algorithms are discussed for computing the optimal solution in the presence of uncertainty. The first method is a measurement‐based closed‐loop approach where process measurements are utilized to make on‐line adjustments to the optimization routine. The second method is a simulator‐based open‐loop approach where simulations are run assuming various operating policies, and utilizing the simulator as if it were the real process. These two methods are implemented on a baker's yeast fermentation with uncertain parameters, and it is shown that both approaches lead to improved performance over the conventional open‐loop operation. Copyright © 2006 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of fed‐batch production of the model recombinant protein GFP in Lactococcus lactis
Authors: Oddone Gian M. , Lan Christopher Q. , Rawsthorne Helen , Mills David A. , Block David E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOptimization of recombinant protein production using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) remains an important obstacle on the road to realizing LAB as oral vaccine delivery vehicles. Despite this, there have been few published investigations to explore the higher limits of LAB recombinant protein expression in fed‐batch fermentations. In this study, results from response surface experiments suggested an optimal set of conditions for expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP), a model recombinant protein, in bench‐scale, fed‐batch Lactococcus lactis IL1403 fermentations. The 48 4‐L fed‐batch fermentations in this set of experiments, along with preliminary studies, investigated the effects of pH, temperature, hemin concentration, concentration of the nisin inducer per cell, and time of induction. Cell densities in this data set ranged from 2.9 to 7.4 g/L and maximum GFP expression per cell ranged from 0.1 to 4.4 relative fluorescence units (RFU)/g. The optimal 4‐L, fed‐batch fermentation process found here yields growth and protein expression values that dramatically improve upon results from traditional test tube and flask processes. Relative to the traditional process, the experimental optimum conditions yield 4.9 times the cell density, 1.6 times the protein per cell mass, and 8 times the total protein concentration. Unexpectedly, experiments also revealed that the compound hemin, known previously to improve growth and survival of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), negatively impacted recombinant protein production when added in concentrations from 5 to 20 µg/mL with this strain. The improvement in protein expression over traditional processes demonstrated here is an important step toward commercial development of LAB for oral delivery of recombinant vaccines and therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:1127–1138. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐Range‐Distance NMR Effects in a Protein Labeled with a Lanthanide–DOTA Chelate
Authors: Vlasie Monica D. , Comuzzi Clara , van den Nieuwendijk Adrianus M. C. H. , Prudêncio Miguel , Overhand Mark , Ubbink Marcellus 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA two‐thiol reactive lanthanide–DOTA (1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐N,N′,N′′,N′′′‐tetraacetic acid) chelate, CLaNP‐3 (CLaNP = caged lanthanide NMR probe), was synthesized for the rigid attachment to cysteine groups on a protein surface, and used to obtain long‐range‐distance information from the {15N,1H} HSQC spectra of the protein–lanthanide complex. The DOTA ring exhibits several isomers that are in exchange; however, single resonances were observed for most amide groups in the protein, allowing determination of a single, apparent magnetic‐susceptibility tensor. Pseudocontact shifts caused by Yb‐containing CLaNP‐3 were observed for atoms at 15–35 Å from the metal. By using Gd‐containing CLaNP‐3, relaxation effects were observed, allowing distances up to 30 Å from the paramagnetic center to be determined accurately. Similar results were obtained with a Gd–DTPA (diethylene‐triaminepentaacetic acid) chelate, CLaNP‐1, bound in the same bidentate manner to the protein. This study demonstrates that bidentate attachment of a paramagnetic probe enables determination of long‐range distances.
Characterizing Ionic Liquids as Reaction Media through a Chemical Probe
Authors: Dichiarante Valentina , Betti Cecilia , Fagnoni Maurizio , Maia Angelamaria , Landini Dario , Albini Angelo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe triplet N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl cation, a highly reactive but chemospecific electrophile, has been used as a probe for characterizing the properties of reaction media for a series of imidazolium ILs. With the N‐hexyl‐N‐methyl imidazolium derivatives (not with the N‐butyl analogues), hydrogen transfer leading to the aniline was the main process. Trapping by iodide occurred with an inverse dependence on viscosity. Trapping by π nucleophiles exhibited a more complex behavior. This was explained by the effect of both the bulk viscosity and the structure of the IL cation on both steps of the reaction, namely, initial electrophilic attack and ensuing cation elimination or nucleophile addition. However, with an excellent nucleophile, such as thiophene, or when the latter step was intramolecular, as with 4‐pentenol, the difference was obliterated and trapping became uniform. Incorporation of the probe into the IL cation (through insertion into the CH bond α to the imidazolium ring) was demonstrated, while no addition to the anion tested (including bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide)) took place.
Mechanistic Insights into Stereoselective Catalysis—The Effects of Counterions in a CuII–Bissulfoximine‐Catalyzed Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Bolm Carsten , Martin Marc , Gescheidt Georg , Palivan Cornelia , Stanoeva Tsvetanka , Bertagnolli Helmut , Feth Martin , Schweiger Arthur , Mitrikas George , Harmer Jeffrey 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe initial steps of an enantioselective Diels–Alder reaction catalyzed by a CuII–bissulfoximine complex were followed by EXAFS (EXAFS=extended X‐ray absorption fine structure), EPR (EPR=electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy (CW‐EPR, FID‐detected EPR, pulse ENDOR, HYSCORE; CW=continuous wave; ENDOR=electron nuclear double resonance; HYSCORE=hyperfine sublevel correlation; FID=free induction decay), and UV‐visible spectroscopy. The complexes formed between the parent CuX2 (X=Cl−, Br−, TfO−, SbF6−) salts, the chiral bissulfoximine ligand (S,S)‐1, and N‐(1‐oxoprop‐2‐en‐1‐yl)oxazolidin‐2‐one (2) as the substrate in CH2Cl2 were investigated in frozen and fluid solution. In all cases, penta‐ or hexacoordinated CuII centers were established. The complexes with counterions indicating high stereoselectivity (TfO− and SbF6−) reveal one unique species in which substrate 2 binds to pseudoequatorial positions (via O atoms), shifting the counterions to axial locations. On the other hand, those lacking stereoselectivity (X=Cl− and Br−) form two species in which the parent halogen anions remain at equatorial positions preventing the formation of geometries compatible with those found for X=TfO− and SbF6−.
Synthesis of polymer‐type chiral stationary phases and their enantioseparation evaluation by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Huang Shao‐Hua , Bai Zheng‐Wu , Yin Chuan‐Qi , Li Shi‐Rong , Pan Zhi‐Quan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo new chiral polymers of different molecular weights were synthesized by the copolymerization of (1R,2R)‐(+)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine, phenyl diisocyanate and terephthaloyl chloride. The polymers were immobilized on aminated silica gel to afford two chiral stationary phases. The polymers and the corresponding chiral stationary phases were characterized by Fourier transform‐IR, elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR. The surface coverages of chiral structural units on the chiral stationary phases were estimated as 0.27 and 0.39 mmol/g, respectively. The enantioseparation ability of these chiral stationary phases was evaluated with a variety of chiral compounds by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The effects of the organic additives, the composition of mobile phases, and the injection amount of sample on enantioseparation were investigated. A comparison of enantioseparation ability between these two chiral stationary phases was made. It was believed that the chain length of polymeric chiral selector significantly affected the enantioseparation ability of corresponding chiral stationary phase. Chirality, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective reduction of ketones with borane catalyzed by tridentate amino alcohols derived from salicylaldehyde
Authors: Lee Dong‐Sheng 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the presence of tridentate chiral ligand 4e, 99% e.e. value was obtained by asymmetric reduction of ethyl benzoylacetate with borane in toluene at 25°C. Various ligands and reaction conditions were investigated to develop a reasonable mechanism that explains the experimental outcomes. Chirality, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technologien für den Klimaschutz und ihre Anforderungen an Werkstoffe
Authors: Kranzmann A. , Hünert D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDer Klimaschutz erfordert die Reduzierung des Ausstoßes von Kohlendioxid. Neue Kraftwerke mit Sauerstoffverbrennung und möglicherweise CO2‐Abscheidung sollen eine Reduktion des CO2 im Bereich der Energietechnik ermöglichen. Die heute üblichen Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe werden anderen Umgebungsbedingungen ausgesetzt, und es sind andere Korrosionsraten und Korrosionsreaktionen zu erwarten. In diesem Beitrag werden die Kraftwerkstechnologien kurz vorgestellt und an einem Beispiel erläutert, dass die Oxidation an Luft mit der Oxidation in Wasser nicht direkt vergleichbar ist.
Ein fotochromes Silberhalogenid/Gelatine‐System
Authors: Gahler S. , Harenburg J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDurch Verwendung von niederwertigen Metallionen wie Kupfer(I)‐ und Eisen(II)‐ionen als Zusatz zu Silberhalogenid/Gelatine‐Emulsionen können fotochrome Schichten erzeugt werden. Entgegen den Erwartungen kann dabei die für die fotografischen Eigenschaften der Silberhalogenide unerlässliche Irreversibilität des Belichtungsvorganges in einen für die Fotochromie notwendigen reversiblen Vorgang umgewandelt werden. Durch Dotierung des Silberhalogenids mit weiteren Fremdionen können die Eigenschaften des fotochromen Systems, z. B. die Schichtfarbe, beeinflusst werden.