bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPV Prevalence in cytomorphologically normal cervical scrapes of pregnant women as determined by PCR: The age‐related pattern
Authors: de Roda Husman A. M. , Walboomers J. M. M. , Hopman E. , Bleker O. P. , Helmerhorst Th. M. J. , Rozendaal L. , Voorhorst F. J. , Meijer C. J. L. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDiverging data exist on human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in cytomorphologically normal scrapes during pregnancy. The prevalence of HPV was therefore investigated by polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) in cytomorphologically normal scrapes of 709 pregnant women and 3, 948 non‐pregnant women visiting the same hospital during the same time period. The prevalence of all types of HPV among pregnant women was 9.6% (68/709) and the high risk HPV types 16 and 18 were found in 3.1% (22/709). In the non‐pregnant women the prevalence of all types of HPV was 10.9% (432/3, 948) with 2.9% (116/3, 948) HPV types 16 and 18. The highest prevalence of HPV was present in women at younger ages in both groups. With increasing age the prevalence declines from about 19% (15–25 yrs) to 5% (40–49 yrs). The age‐adjusted odds ratio of prevalence of all types of HPV in pregnant versus non‐pregnant women was 0.73 (95% CI 0.56–;0.96,P= 0.025) and statistically significant. When HPV types 16 and 18 were considered, significant differences were not found. HPV of all types and types 16/18 prevalence was higher in the second half of pregnancy than in the first part but did not reach statistical significance. High HPV copy numbers in the scrapes were found during the first half of the pregnancy and not during the second half using a semi‐quantitative HPV 16/18 PCR detection method. Since the difference in HPV prevalence between non‐pregnant and pregnant women is very small, it is concluded that HPV prevalence in cytomorphologically normal smears is hardly influenced by pregnancy. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of serum HCV RNA at week 4 of interferon‐α therapy is associated with more favorable long‐term response in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Orito Etsuro , Mizokami Masashi , Suzuki Kaoru , Ohba Ken‐Ichi , Ohno Tomoyoshi , Mori Masamiki , Hayashi Katsuo , Kato Koji , Iino Shiro , Lau Johnson Y. N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo determine the virological factors associated with a favorable long‐term response to interferon‐α (IFN) therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 61 Japanese patients with chronic HCV infection were treated with IFN for 24 weeks (780 million units in total) and followed for 8 to 16 months after cessation of therapy. Ten patients dropped out because of severe side effects. Of the 51 patients who completed IFN therapy, 23 showed complete and sustained response (CR→SR), 13 complete response with early relapse (CR→Rel), and 15 no response to IFN (NR). For the pretreatment serum HCV RNA level, 20/23 who had CR→SR had <l06 eq/ml compared to 3/13 CR→Rel and 1/15 NR (P< 0.01). Serologically defined HCV type 2 infection was also associated with a better opportunity to develop CR→SR compared to CR→Rel of NR (P<0.01). Loss of serum HCV RNA at week 4 of IFN therapy was also associated with a more favorable long‐term response [17/19 CR→SR were HCV RNA negative compared to 3/11 CR→Rel (P<0.01)and2/13NR(P<0.01)]. n contrast, normalization of serum alanine ami‐notransferase (ALT) levels at week 4 was found in 9/19 CR→SR compared to 8/11 CR→Re1 (P= NS), and 0/13 in NR (P<0.01). Six months after cessation of IFN therapy, 3/25 CR→SR patients were HCV RNA positive despite normalization of serum ALT levels. These data indicated that in addition to pretreatment serum HCV RNA levels and HCV type, the kinetics of response to IFN (at week 4) were also predictive of subsequent long‐term response to IFN in patients with chronic HCV infection. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
UV‐inactivated measles virus stimulates human mice naive lymphocytes to proliferate in vitro
Authors: Tu Renjing 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUltra violet (UV) light‐inactivated measles virus was used for the lymphocyte proliferation assay, where it caused consistently adult human peripheral blood monolymphocytes (PBML) proliferation which was not dependent on the measles virus complement fixation titre in the donor's sera. When the cord blood lymphocytes from newborn baby and spleen lymphocytes from unprimed Balb/c, C57bl and CBA mice were used in the proliferation assay, all the lymphocytes were stimulated by the UV‐inactivated measles virus in a dose‐dependent manner. These results suggest that: (1) lymphotropic measles virus can also activate lymphocytes in vitro, and (2) this activation appeared to be neither species‐ nor major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐restricted. These results may have important implications for measles vaccination and the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of measles virus infection. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeted integration of human herpesvirus 6 in the p arm of chromosome 17 of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vivo
Authors: Torelli Giuseppe , Barozzi Patrizia , Marasca Roberto , Cocconcelli Paola , Merelli Elisa , Ceccherini‐Nelli Luca , Ferrari Sergio , Luppi Mario 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOut of 64 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), 55 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 31 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS), 2 NHL, 7 HD and 1 MS cases were found positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of HHV‐6 sequences in pathologic lymph nodes of the lymphomas and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MS. A further analysis of the PBMCs of the PCR positive cases by standard Southern blot technique revealed only 2 NHL, 3 HD and 1 MS cases as positive, indicating that these six patients have an unusually high viral copy number in the PBMCs. Restriction analysis, carried out using probes representative of differ ent regions of the virus, showed that three cases retain only a deleted portion of the viral genome. In the remaining three cases a complete viral genome was present, containing the right end sequences in which the rep‐like gene, possibly crucial to the viral and cellular life cycle, is lo cated. The analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of the total DNA of the PBMCs obtained directly, without culture from PBMCs of these last three cases (1 NHL, 1 HD, and 1 MS), using the same probes, showed the absence of free viral molecules and the association of viral sequences with high molecular weight DNA. These results are consistent with in vivo integration of the entire virus in the cellular genome. A further study of the same patients with chromo some fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed in ail the three cases the presence of a specific hybridization site, located at the telomeric extremity of the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p13), suggesting that this location is at least a preferred site of an infrequent, but possi bly biologically important, integration phenomenon. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of several types of human papilloma viruses in AIDS‐associated Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: Adams Volker , Kempf Werner , Hassam Shabbir , Briner Jakob , Schmid Mirka , Moos Rita , Pfaltz Madeleine 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEpidemiological studies indicate that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) may be caused by an infectious, preferentially sexually transmitted agent. Infections with human papilloma viruses are common, sexually transmitted diseases occurring frequently in homosexual men, who are also the main risk group of developing KS. In order to evaluate the possible role of HPV in the development of KS, 24 cutaneous AIDS‐associated Kaposi's sarcomas were investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by in situ hybridization for the presence of human papilloma viruses (HPV). HPV DNA sequences were detected in 5 of 24 KS specimens, in 4 of 13 normal skin specimens from AIDS patients withoutKS and in 5 of 14 skin specimens of HIV‐seronegative patients. For the first time, HPV types 6 and 33 were detected by PCR in KS. A higher proportion of HPV types 16/18 was found in AIDS‐associated KS specimens, whereas HPV type 33 was seen more often in normal skin specimens of the control group. Apart from the known HPV types 16/18 described in KS, this study demonstrates also the presence of HPV 6 and 33 in this condition. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytotoxic Factors Released by Dengue Virus‐Infected Human Blood Monocytes
Authors: Shaio Men‐Fang , Cheng Shin‐Nan , Yuh Yeong‐Seng , Yang Kuender D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman monocyte‐derived cytotoxic factors (CF) induced by dengue virus were studied. Using several human leukemia cell lines as precursors, the biological activities of CF in conditioned medium from dengue virus‐infected monocytes were demonstrated through the measurement of tumor cell growth inhibition. The conditioned medium from dengue virus infected monocytes suppressed significantly growth of CEM, HL60, K562, and U937 cells. In the presence of 10% conditioned medium (v/v) from dengue virus infected monocytes, DNA synthesis of U937 cells, as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, decreased by 99% in contrast to their synthesis in conditioned medium from noninfected control monocytes, which did not have any suppressive effect. Partial characterization of CF showed that it is a proteinase‐K‐sensitive and heat‐labile protein with a molecular mass over 100 kDa. Employing a flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle, it was found that U937 cells, treated either with conditioned medium from dengue virus infected monocytes or with CF, but not treated with conditioned medium from noninfected monocytes, showed cell‐cycle arrest in G1 phase by 48 hr. This suppressive effect of CF on U937 growth was dose‐ and time‐dependent. These results suggest that dengue virus‐infected monocytes may produce CF to target myeloid cells, resulting in the hematological changes observed in patients with dengue fever. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serial density analysis of hepatitis C virus particle populations in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with interferon‐α
Authors: Kanto Tatsuya , Hayashi Norio , Takehara Tetsuo , Hagiwara Hideki , Mita Eiji , Oshita Masahide , Katayama Kazuhiro , Kasahara Akinori , Fusamoto Hideyuki , Kamada Takenobu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients, the biochemical and virological responses mostly parallel each other. However, some patients who show persistent ALT normalization display continued viremia after cessation of therapy. High‐density hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles, which are immune complex forms, are reported to be less infectious both in vitro and in vivo. To assess whether high‐density HCV contributes to the response discrepancies and to clarify the association with patient outcome, sera were examined from chronic hepatitis C patients who were treated with interferon‐α. This study included 10 sustained responders with viremia (SR + ve), 5 SR without viremia, 3 transient responders (TR), and 3 nonresponders (NR). The SR + ve patients were defined as those with continued ALT normalization and serum HCV‐RNA positivity at 24 weeks after therapy completion. Serum samples obtained before and 24 weeks after therapy were ultracentrifuged on 35% sucrose. The ratio between high‐density and low density HCV was determined by quantification of HCV‐RNA titers in the bottom and top fractions by competitive reverse transcription and by the polymerase chain reaction, and expressed as the bottom/top (B/T) ratio. The B/T ratios before therapy were 1:l in all groups of patients, and 1:l after therapy in TR and NR groups. Five out of 6 SR + ve patients who showed 1:1 ratio after the apy relapsed within 1 year. In contrast, all SR + ve patients whose ratios were 10‐100:1 continued to show ALT normalization. These findings demonstrate that patients who have high‐density HCV dominance after therapy show persistent ALT normalization despite viremia, which can be explained by predominance of the neutralized immune complex. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reverse transcriptase mutations in sequential HIV‐1 isolates in a patient with AIDS
Authors: Gurusinghe A. D. , Land S. A. , Birch C. , McGavin C. , Hooker D. J. , Tachedjian G. , Doherty R. , Deacon N. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSequential human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) isolates were obtained over a 29‐month period from a person before, during, and after AZT therapy. DNA sequence analysis of polymerase chain‐amplified reverse‐transcriptase gene showed a gradual accumulation of mutations to peak resistance (lC50 2.13 μM AZT) in association with mutations at codons 44, 210, and 369, as well as at 41, 67, 70, and 215. Eight months after cessation of AZT therapy, when an HIV‐1 isolate from the patient was again sensitive to AZT, these mutations had all returned to the pretherapy sequence. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Injection with nondisposable needles as an important route for transmission of acute community‐acquired hepatitis C virus infection in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Trong‐Zong , Wu Jaw‐Ching , Yen Fu‐Shun , Sheng Wen‐Yung , Hwang Shinn‐Jang , Huo Teh‐Ia , Lee Shou‐Dong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA prospective case‐controlled study was conducted in order to determine the transmission route of community‐acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Taiwan. Thirty‐eight consecutive patients (25 men and 13 women) with acute community‐acquired HCV infection and 76 age (within 3 years)‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects without HCV infection were enrolled. Serum anti‐HCV was tested by second generation immunoassay. The sera of 26 family members from 12 families of index patients were also tested for anti‐HCV. A questionnaire covering the history of blood transfusion, surgery, intravenous drug abuse, prostitute contact, dental procedures, injection, acupuncture, tattooing, and ear‐piercing was conducted among patients and control subjects. Univariate analysis revealed injection with nondisposable needles was an independent risk factor (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 4.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.24‐14.47) associated with HCV infection. Other risk factors were not significant. Only 2 (7.7%) family members of index patients had an anti‐HCV. In conclusion, more vigorous effort to prohibit the use of nondisposable needles should be promoted to interrupt the spread of community‐acquired HCV infection in Taiwan. Of note, a significant number of patients (34.2%) contracted HCV infection without identifiable risk factors. Unidentified routes need to be investigated. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term follow‐up of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus replicative levels in chronic hepatitis patients coinfected with both viruses
Authors: Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Hayashi Norio , Yuki Nobukazu , Masuzawa Manabu , Kato Michio , Yamamoto Keiji , Hosotsubo Hideo , Deguchi Matsuo , Katayama Kazuhiro , Kasahara Akinori , Fusamoto Hideyuki , Kamada Takenobu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDual infection with hepatitis B and C viruses is often encountered in endemic areas of both viruses. However, understanding of the clinical and virological implications is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of each virus in liver injury and the interaction between the two viruses in dual infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. Three patients who had chronic infection with both hepatitis B and C viruses were examined, and a longitudinal study of both serum hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis C virus RNA levels over 4 years was undertaken. The results were correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Serum alanine aminotransferase values showed a relationship with hepatitis B virus replicative levels, but not with hepatitis C virus replicative levels in all 3 patients. Serial changes of replicative levels of both viruses were studied, and it was found that hepatitis C virus replicative levels were enhanced after the decline of hepatitis B virus replication in 1 of the 3 patients. In the remaining 2 patients, a transient rise of hepatitis C virus replicative levels in association with a decrease of hepatitis B virus replication was also observed during part of the follow‐up period. These findings indicate that hepatitis B virus may play a dominant etiological role in liver injury, and that a suppressive action between hepatitis B and C viruses may occur in dual infection with both viruses. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid HCV RNA detection by PCR followed by a new non‐radioactive liquid hybridisation assay and comparison with RIBA
Authors: Schacker Ulrike , Bermayer Hans‐Peter , Boehler Valerie , Ionescu Doina , Zapata Manuel , Grauer Hasan , Rai Kamal 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA one‐stage polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by an automated liquid hybridisation assay was used to examine anti‐HCV‐positive patients. The presence of HCV‐RNA in 251 randomly selected enzyme immunoassay (EIA) positive clinical specimens was compared to their RIBA pattern. An association of a RIBA pattern with presence or absence of HCV‐RNA was not detected. One hundred of these samples were also evaluated after dividing them into normal and elevated serum alanin aminotransferase (ALT) levels. PCR results were obtained on the basis of amplification products from two different gene regions (5′‐NC region and NS 3). To prove the specificity of the PCR products, a commercially available digoxigenin‐based liquid hybridisation assay was evaluated. The sensitivity was comparable to the results obtained after nested PCR. Based on the results of the study, the two‐stage PCR can be changed in favour of the easier one‐step PCR which offers the advantage of fewer contamination problems. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HCV replication in mononuclear cells stimulates anti‐HCV‐secreting B cells and reflects nonresponsiveness to interferon‐α
Authors: Lohr Hanns F. , Goergen Bernd , zum Biischenfelde Karl‐Hermann Meyer , Gerken Guido 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecently, it was demonstrated in chronic hepatitis C that the release of IgG and IgM anti‐HCV antibodies by mononuclear cells (PBMCs) correlated with inflammatory activity, HCV persistence in serum, and negative outcome from antiviral therapy. Thus, persistent antigenic stimulation of the antibody‐secreting B cells has been suggested. In this study, PBMCs were derived from 13 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Nucleic acids were extracted by the guanidine‐thiocy‐anate‐method, and plus‐ and minus‐stranded HCV‐RNAs were determined using primers from the 5′‐untranslated region of HCV. Simultaneously, unstimulated PBMCs were cultured for 8 days and anti‐HCV antibodies were detected in the supernatants by EIA and RIBA.Seven patients (53.8%) had both plus‐ and minus‐stranded HCV‐RNA in PBMCs, while anti‐HCV antibodies were secreted in vitro. One of 2 patients with plus‐ but not minus‐stranded HCV‐ RNA in PBMCs was anti‐HCV positive in vitro, whereas 4 patients without HCV‐infected PBMCs were anti‐HCV negative in vitro.Eight patients received antiviral therapy with interferon‐α2b. Four nonresponders and 1 partial responder had plus‐ and minus‐stranded HCV‐ RNA in PBMCs and anti‐HCV secretion in vitro. On the other hand, 2 complete responders and another partial responder showed neither HCV infection of PBMCs nor anti‐HCV secretion in vitro.In conclusion, infection of PBMCs by HCV is observed frequently in patients with chronic hepatitis C, and may be related to the high rate of nonresponders to antiviral treatment. The close correlation of anti‐HCV secretion in vitro and viral replication suggests that the humoral response to HCV is triggered by viral antigens that are expressed on infected mononuclear cells. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High proportion of false positive reactions among donors with anti‐HCV antibodies in a low prevalence area
Authors: Sakugawa Hiroshi , Nakasone Hiroki , Nakayoshi Tomofumi , Kinjo Fukunori , Saito Atsushi , Yakabi Shizuko , Zukeran Hiroki , Miyagi Yasuhiro , Taira Reiko , Koja Keishun , Uezu Tomio , Kina Morio , Omine Keisho 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAmong 39, 656 voluntary blood donors in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, 115 (0.29%) were repeatedly reactive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) by second generation (2nd‐gen) passive hemagglutination assay (PHA). Positive serum samples were tested for anti‐HCV using three different enzyme immunosorbent assays (ELISAs; Abbott 2nd EIA, UBI‐HCV‐EIA, JCC‐2) and for HCV‐RNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The 115 2nd‐gen PHA‐positive sera were divided into three groups according to the agglutination titers; >210 (high titer group), 27−29 (median), 25−26 (low). All but one serum (44/45) in the high PHA titer group reacted in each of the three second screening ELISAs. Furthermore, 43 (97.7%) of the 44 sera contained HCV‐RNA by PCR. In the median titer group, 11 of the 13 samples tested were positive by each of the three ELSIAs, and 4 (36.4%) of the 11 showed reaction by PCR. On the other hand, all of the 38 sera tested in the low titer group were negative for HCV‐RNA by PCR, and 24 of the 38 were also negative by each of the three ELISAs.Most of the low titer positive reactions in the 2nd‐gen agglutination assay seemed to be false positive. In Okinawa Prefecture, the prevalence of anti‐HCV among blood donors is much lower than in the rest of Japan (0.29% vs. 1.11%). Moreover, a significant proportion of these sera were low titer by the PHA assay. The difference in the genuine anti‐HCV‐positive rate, or the prevalence of HCV carriage between Okinawa Prefecture and the rest of Japan may therefore be even greater than is presently assumed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amplification and sequence analysis of the precore and core region of the HBV genome from sera of Spanish patients with HBV2‐like infections
Authors: Valliammai T. , Echevarría J. M. , León P. , Tusets C. , Harrison Tim J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are occasionally associated with unusual serological profiles which may be attributed to the lack of immune responsiveness of the patients or to variants of the virus. The term HBV2 was introduced to describe potential variants of HBV which do not elicit a detectable immune response to the nucleocapsid (anti‐HBc) in apparently irnrnune‐cornpetent patients. The entire nucleotide sequences of the nucleocapsid genes of viruses from two Spanish patients with HBV2‐like infections are reported here. In‐frame deletions and other mutations in these sequences may account, at least in part, for the unusual serological profiles of the patients. Antibody responses to viral proteins containing deletions may not be detected by commercially available assays. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.