bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-Ray Crystallographic Studies on the Molecular Structures of Some Salts of Titanium(III) Complexes with Ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate, Ba[Ti(edta)(H2O)]Cl·6H2O, Na2[Ti(edta)(H2O)]2·NaCl·7H2O, and K[Ti(edta)(H2O)]·2.5H2O
Authors: Mizuta Tsutomu , Wang Jun , Miyoshi Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structures of three TiIII-edta complex salts (edta = ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate), violet Ba[Ti(edta)(H2O)]Cl·6H2O (I), reddish violet Na2[Ti(edta)(H2O)]2·NaCl·7H2O (II), and purple K[Ti(edta)(H2O)]·2.5H2O (III), were determined by a single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal data are as follows: I: Monoclinic, P21/a, a = 14.480(2), b = 19.760(3), c = 7.517(1) Å, β = 94.21(1)°, Z = 4; II: Monoclinic, P21, a = 18.176(3), b = 12.688(3), c = 8.045(2) Å, β = 93.05(2)°, Z = 2; III: Orthorhombic, Fdd2, a = 15.453(3), b = 60.247(8), c = 7.237(2) Å, Z = 16. It was found that all of these complexes have seven-coordinate and distorted mono-capped trigonal-prismatic (C2v-CTP) structures, in contrast to the corresponding dark-blue sodium salt, Na[Ti(edta)(H2O)]·2H2O, which was previously confirmed to be also seven-coordinated, but to have an approximately pentagonal-bipyramidal(PB) structure. The delicate color changes of the TiIII-edta complex salts observed in the solid state when the counterion is varied are due to an accompanying subtle modification in the coordination geometry around the TiIII ion. The kinetic lability and acid-base behavior of the TiIII-edta complex in solution reported earlier are accounted for by the presence of a labile water molecule in the first coordination sphere.
Reexamination of the Crystal Structure of Na3Sb7O9Se3·Sb0.319(H2O,OH)3
Authors: Miyawaki Ritsuro , Nakai Izumi , Nagashima Kozo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of Na3Sb7O9Se3·Sb0.319(H2O,OH)3 has been determined using a single crystal prepared by hydrothermal synthesis to a conventional R = 0.043, Rw = 0.039 for 1556 reflections. It is hexagonal with a space group of P63; a = 14.422(4), c = 5.5448(8) Å, Z = 2. The structure consists of infinite tunnels formed by the linkages of SbO3 pyramids. SbSe3 pyramids among the tunnels connect the tunnels to form a three-dimensional structure. Na atoms were on the inside wall of the tunnel. It was revealed that statistically occupied Sb(H2O,OH)6-octahedra are located at the center of the tunnel. Two statistical sites for the Sb atom of the SbSe3 pyramids are pointed out.
Molar Volume Effect of Pyridylazophenols and Their Metal Chelates on Their Distribution between Aqueous Micellar Pseudophases in Triton X-100 Micellar Solutions
Authors: Saitoh Tohru , Segawa Haruki , Kamidate Tamio , Watanabe Hiroto , Haraguchi Kensaku 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The distribution constants of 2-(2-pyridylazo)phenol (PAP), 2-(2-pyridylazo)-5-methylphenol (PAP-5Me), and metal chelates with PAP and PAP-5Me between aqueous micellar psuedophases were evaluated in aqueous micellar solutions of Triton X-100. The distribution constants were found by measurement of equilibrium shifts in acid-base and complexation reactions in the presence of micelles at an ionic strength of 0.1 ((Na+, H+) ClO4−) and at 293 ± 1 K. The metal chelates (vanadium(V), nickel(II), and iron(II)) had a linear correlation between their logarithmic distribution constants and their van der Waals volumes. PAP and PAP-5Me had a different kind of correlation from the metal chelates did. These results were explained by the difference in the part of the micelles into which hydrophobic chelates and hydrophilic chelating reagents were incorporated.
Study of the Adsorption Layer at the Glass-Dye Solution Interface by Variable Incidence-Angle Internal-Reflection Spectrometry
Authors: Hinoue Teruo , Imamura Goro , Yokoyama Yu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The reflectivity was measured at the interface between the glass substrate and the Brilliant Blue (BB) or Methylene Blue (MB) aqueous solution as a function of the angle of incidence at 632.8 nm from a He–Ne laser. The relationship between the reflectivity and the angle of incidence was analyzed by an approximate expression derived from the basic theory of internal reflection spectroscopy. On the other hand, a plot of the reflectivity against the effective thickness was used as a ready diagnosis of the dye adsorbed by the glass substrate. From the results it has been suggested that BB is not adsorbed, whereas MB is. Based on a parameter obtained experimentally, the thickness of the adsorption layer was determined to be 0.65 ± 0.18 nm. This result suggests that the MB cation is adsorbed parallel to the glass surface to form a monomolecular layer. Further, it has been revealed from a similar analysis that the addition of a cationic surfactant with a long alkyl chain in the MB solution prevents the adsorption of MB by the glass substrate, whereas the addition of an anionic surfactant with a long alkyl chain promotes adsorption.
Synthesis of Some New Thieno[2,3-b][1,6]naphthyridines and Related Compounds
Authors: Geies A A , Abdel-Hafez A A , Lancelot J C , El-Kashef H S 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
3,5-Dibenzylidene-1-isopropy1-4-piperidinone (1) reacts with cyanothioacetamide to give 1,6-naphthyridine-2(1H) thione derivative 2. Reaction of 2 with halo ketones or halo esters followed by ring closure gives thieno[2,3-b][1,6]naphthyridine derivatives 5a—i, which are used as versatile intermediates in the synthesis of related heterocyclic ring systems as pyrimidothienonaphthyridines 10, 11, 14, and 15, oxazinothienonaphthyridine (13) and triazinothienonaphthyridine (9).
Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions of Arylmethyl-Substituted 14 Group Compounds: Photoarylmethylation and Photooxygenation
Authors: Tamai Toshiyuki , Mizuno Kazuhiko , Hashida Isao , Otsuji Yoshio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Photoreactions of arylmethylsilanes, -germane, and -stannane with 1,4-dicyanonaphthalene (DCN) and 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) were studied under various conditions. The arylmethylation of DCN and DCA occurred in the photoreaction under nitrogen atmosphere, whereas the oxygenation of the arylmethyl organometallic compounds occurred in the photoreaction under oxygen atmosphere. Key intermediates in these reactions in acetonitrile were radical ions which were generated via photoinduced electron transfer from the arylmethyl organometallic compounds to the excited singlet of DCN or DCA. The cleavage of the carbon–metal bond of the radical cations of the arylmethyl compounds resulted in the formation of arylmethyl radicals. The radicals reacted then with the radical anions of DCN and DCA to produce the arylmethylated compounds or reacted with oxygen to produce the oxygenated compounds. The efficiency of the photoreactions was affected by solvents and added materials to the reaction systems. In the photoreactions in benzene, the exciplexes of the type 1[A–ArCH2MR3]* or the triplexes of the type [A–C6H6–ArCH2MR3]* (A = DCN, DCA) were involved as intermediates. The reactivity features of the photoreactions are discussed.
Synthesis of (−)-Conduritol F, (+)-Conduritol B, Cyclophellitol from l-Quebrachitol
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Shima Hiroaki , Ohnari Masatoshi , Okazaki Tadashi , Ozaki Shoichiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The methyl ether of cyclitols with vicinal hydroxyl group was cleaved chemoselectively in preference to both cis- and trans-cyclohexylidene moieties by AlCl3–n-Bu4NI to afford parent alcohols in good yields. (−)-Conduritol F was prepared from l-quebrachitol, an optically active cyclitol from the serum of rubber trees, in five steps by use of the demethylation reaction. The first chiral synthesis of (+)-conduritol B and the total synthesis of cyclophellitol, a novel β-glucosidase inhibitor, are described.
Binding Properties of p-(Phenylazo)calixarenes for Metal Ions
Authors: Nomura Eisaku , Taniguchi Hisaji , Otsuji Yoshio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The binding properties of p-(phenylazo)calix[n]arenes (n = 6 and n = 4) for metal ions have been studied. The calixarenes show a highly selective binding ability toward Ag+, Hg+, and Hg2+. This property can be explained in terms of a metal ion-induced azo/hydrazone tautomerism. The Ag+ ion forms complexes with the azocalixarenes by binding with their hydrazone tautomers.
X-Ray Crystallographic Studies of Vitamin E Derivatives. Relationship between Antioxidant Activity and Molecular Structure
Authors: Mukai Kazuo , Ohbayashi Shigeru , Nagaoka Shin-ichi , Ozawa Takehiro , Azuma Nagao 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Molecular structures of vitamin E derivatives were analyzed with X-ray diffraction. The relationship between the antioxidant activity and the molecular structure of vitamin E is discussed.
Evidence for the Role of Monovalent Copper Ions in the Photocatalytic N2O Decomposition on Excessively Copper Ion-Containing ZSM-5 Zeolite
Authors: Ebitani Kohki , Morokuma Munehiro , Kim Jong-Ho , Morikawa Akira 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The activity of the photocatalytic N2O decomposition into N2 and O2 on a degassed Cu-containing ZSM-5 zeolite (percent exchange, 145%) corresponded well to the amount of monovalent copper (Cu+) present on the Cu/ZSM-5, which was titrated by the irreversibly adsorbed CO at 273 K.
Dehydrochlorination of Copoly(styrene/2-chloromaleic anhydride)
Authors: Ogawa Naotake , Taguchi Hiroyuki , Sato Takatoshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
2-Chloromaleic anhydride and styrene were copolymerized by solution polymerization. The copoly(styrene/2-chloromaleic anhydride) was dehydrochlorinated by heating under reduced pressure and a polymer having a structure similar to the maleic anhydride moiety in the polymer chain was obtained. The dehydrochlorination was completed by heating at 220 °C for 1 h.
Synthesis and Antiinflammatory Activity of Some 1,4-Dihydro-3-methyl-1-(2-thiazolyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazine 5,5-Dioxides
Authors: Sharma Pawan K , Sawhney Shanti N 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Condensation of 1,4-dihydro-3-methyl-1-thiocarbamoylpyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazine 5,5-dioxide with various phenacyl bromides, ethyl 3-aroyl-3-bromopropionates, and ethyl bromopyruvate afforded 1,4-dihydro-3-methyl-1-(2-thiazolyl)pyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]benzothiazine-5,5 dioxides, which were also prepared by an alternate route in order to confirm their structure, were tested for antiinflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema test. The compounds have shown moderate to good activity.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Clinical Consequences and Vitamin D Therapies
Authors: Hudson Joanna Q 
Published: August 2006

Objective: To assess vitamin D–based treatment approaches for secondary hyperparathyroidism and its complications. Data Sources: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE (1990–February 28, 2006). Key words used were chronic kidney disease and vitamin D to identify relevant papers published in English. Study Selection and Data Extraction: From the database of articles generated, 48 papers were identified. Titles and abstracts were examined to identify those directly related to the objective. Discussion was expanded through the bibliographies of cited articles. Data Synthesis: The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the US indicates an urgent need for treatment strategies to delay or prevent disease progression. Abnormalities in phosphorus and calcium homeostasis, vitamin D levels, and the subsequent development of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) are secondary complications of CKD associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Management options include dietary phosphorus restriction, phosphate binders and/or calcium supplementation, vitamin D supplementation, and calcimimetics. Vitamin D supplementation has received increased attention given the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CKD and the beneficial effect of correcting this deficiency. Conclusions: Early identification and intervention appropriate to the stage of CKD are likely to improve patient outcomes. Improved knowledge of interactions between vitamin D and vitamin D receptors has led to the development of vitamin D analogs and calcimimetics, which offer benefits in the management of SHPT. Integrating available treatment options into practice to achieve optimal therapeutic goals of SHPT based on the stage of CKD is a significant challenge for pharmacists managing patients with CKD.
Paradoxically Decreased HDL-Cholesterol Levels Associated with Rosiglitazone Therapy
Authors: Gutschi L Maria , Malcolm Janine C , Favreau Colette M , Ooi Teik Chye 
Published: August 2006

Objective: To report 2 cases of very low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels associated with rosiglitazone therapy. Case Summary: Two patients with type 2 diabetes taking rosiglitazone for glycemic control developed paradoxically low HDL-C levels during rosiglitazone therapy. In the first patient, the HDL-C level decreased from 33 to 11.6 mg/dL after 8 months of therapy. The second patient's HDL-C level decreased from the baseline level of 44.8 mg/dL to 19.7 mg/dL after 4 months of rosiglitazone use. These abnormalities resolved on discontinuation of rosiglitazone and were not observed when the patients were treated with pioglitazone. The patients had no changes to other drug therapy or medical conditions known to affect lipid metabolism during treatment with rosiglitazone. Discussion: Thiazolidinediones, insulin sensitizers widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, have been reported to have beneficial effects on lipids, such as triglyceride lowering and HDL-C elevation, in addition to their glucose-lowering effects. It has been suggested that rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, the 2 currently available thiazolidinediones, may differ in their effects on lipids. As of July 2006, a total of 8 cases of paradoxical lowering of plasma HDL-C associated with rosiglitazone have now been reported. Based on use of the Naranjo probability scale, the 2 cases presented here were probably associated with rosiglitazone. The duration of therapy may be important in this paradoxical effect. Conclusions: Rosiglitazone is associated with a paradoxical decrease in HDL-C levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. In patients receiving rosiglitazone, a baseline lipid panel should be performed and lipid values should be monitored during the course of therapy.
Stepwise synthesis of chitooligosaccharides through a transition-state analogue substrate catalyzed by mutants of chitinase A1 from Bacillus circulans WL-12
Authors: Kohri Michinari , Kobayashi Atsushi , Noguchi Masato , Kawaida Shin-ichi , Watanabe Takeshi , Shoda Shin-ichiro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSeveral mutants of chitinase A1 fromBacillus circulansWL-12 have been prepared by site-directed mutagenesis of tryptophan 433. The hydrolytic activity of these mutants towardp-nitrophenyl chitobioside was lower than that of wild-type chitinase A1. The mutants were found to catalyze the transglycosylation reaction of the 1,2-oxazoline derivative ofN-acetyllactosamine (Gal-GlcNAc-oxa) toN,N′′-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc-GlcNAc), giving rise to a transglycosylated tetrasaccharide product (Gal-GlcNAc-GlcNAc-GlcNAc) in high yield. Based on these results, a one-pot synthesis of chitooligosaccharides by combined use of mutant W433Y and β-galactosidase has been demonstrated. By controlling the reaction conditions, chitotriose and chitotetraose were obtained in 74% and 40% yield (determined by HPLC), respectively, without isolating any intermediate products.
Wood liquefaction by ionic liquids
Authors: Honglu Xie , Tiejun Shi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The liquefaction of wood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) has been studied in two imidazole-based ionic liquids: IL1, 3,3′-ethane-1,2-diylbis(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) dichloride; and IL2, 3,3′-ethane-1,2-diylbis(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) dichloroaluminate. Rapid and complete liquefaction was obtained in IL2 without residue at 120°C for 25 min, in contrast to liquefaction in phenol/H2SO4 (liquid/wood ratio 20:1) with 25.9% residue. Temperature- and time-dependent studies indicate that the performance of the reagents investigated is IL2>IL1> phenol/H2SO4. The liquid/wood ratio and the amount of AlCl3 as catalyst affect the liquefaction rate. In the course of liquefaction with IL2, AlCl3 plays a dual role as a catalyst and a liquefaction reagent. Ionic liquids separated from the liquefied product can be recycled at least five times to maintain a good liquefaction rate.
Phenolic compounds in silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) wood
Authors: Hiltunen Eveliina , Pakkanen Tuula T. , Alvila Leila 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Three new phenolic compounds (4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl-6-O-syringoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl-6-O-syringoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, and 4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenyl-6-O-syringoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) and 15 known phenolic compounds (two phenyl glucoside esters, five lignans, three diarylheptanoids and five simple aldehydes or ketones) were isolated from the secondary xylem of mature Betula pendula Roth. The compounds were identified on the basis of their NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectral data. In total, 23 phenolic extractives present in the sapwood of two winter-dormant B. pendula trees felled at different growing sites (rich in nutrients and scarce in nutrients) were quantified by GC. Their amounts were mostly low, 0.01–0.18 mg g−1 of dry wood. Total amounts of the phenolic extractives isolated were 1.2 mg g−1 of dry wood (5.6% of the total methanol-soluble extractives) in the tree felled at the site rich in nutrients, and 1.9 mg g–1 of dry wood (10% of the total methanol-soluble extractives) in the tree felled at the site scarce in nutrients.
Analysis of fragrance compositions of precious coniferous woods grown in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Sheng-Yang , Wang Yen-Shung , Tseng Yen-Hsueh , Lin Chien-Tsong , Liu Chiung-Pin 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Odor is one of the most distinctive characteristics of wood. Woods in the family Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae often emit fragrant odors. In this study, the fragrance compounds of six coniferous woods grown in Taiwan, namely Chamaecyparis formosensis, Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana, Calocedrus macrolepis var. formosana, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Cunninghamia lanceolata, and Cryptomeria japonica, were studied by solid-phase microextraction and GC/MS. A non-biased overall profile of the fragrance compositions of the woods was obtained. The major aroma compounds were: β-elemene (15.8%), γ-cadinene (12.1%), α-pinene (11.1%), and limonene (10.8%) in C. obtusa; myrtenol (27.0%), myrtenyl (19.2%), and γ-cadinene (11.4%) in C. formosensis; β-cedrene (22.3%), δ-cadinene (17.6%), and widdrene (11.4%) in T. cryptomerioides; β-cedrene (26.2%) α-pinene (19.7%) and limonene (13.2%) in C. lanceolata; 3-carene (21.0%), p-cymene (11.0%), and limonene (9.5%) in C. japonica; and p-cymene (24.4%), terpinen-4-ol (16.6%), and α-terpineol (12.5%) in C. macrolepis. The results may provide useful information for future studies on chemotaxonomy and metabolomics of conifers.
A simple anisotropy correction procedure for acoustic wood tomography
Authors: Maurer Hansruedi , Schubert Sandy Isabelle , Bächle Fritz , Clauss Sebastian , Gsell Daniel , Dual Jürg , Niemz Peter 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Anisotropy of acoustic propagation velocities is a ubiquitous feature of wood. This needs to be considered for successful application of travel time tomography, an increasingly popular technique for non-destructive testing of living trees. We have developed a simple correction scheme that removes first-order anisotropy effects. The corrected travel-time data can be inverted with isotropic inversion codes that are commercially available. Using a numerical experiment, we demonstrate the consequences of ignoring anisotropy effects and outline the performance of our correction scheme. The new technique has been applied to two spruce samples. Subsequent inspection of the samples revealed a good match with the tomograms.
Aberrant GABAAReceptor Expression in the Dentate Gyrus of the Epileptic Mutant Mouse Stargazer
Authors: Payne Helen L. , Donoghue Peter S. , Connelly William M. K. , Hinterreiter Sabine , Tiwari Priyanka , Ives Jane H. , Hann Victoria , Sieghart Werner , Lees George , Thompson Christopher L. 
Published: August 2006

Stargazer (stg) mutant mice fail to express stargazin [transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein γ2 (TARPγ2)] and consequently experience absence seizure-like thalamocortical spike-wave discharges that pervade the hippocampal formation via the dentate gyrus (DG). As in other seizure models, the dentate granule cells ofstgdevelop elaborate reentrant axon collaterals and transiently overexpress brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We investigated whether GABAergic parameters were affected by thestgmutation in this brain region. GABAAreceptor (GABAR) α4 and β3 subunits were consistently upregulated, GABAR δ expression appeared to be variably reduced, whereas GABAR α1, β2, and γ2 subunits and the GABAR synaptic anchoring protein gephyrin were essentially unaffected. We established that the α4βγ2 subunit-containing, flunitrazepam-insensitive subtype of GABARs, not normally a significant GABAR in DG neurons, was strongly upregulated instgDG, apparently arising at the expense of extrasynaptic α4βδ-containing receptors. This change was associated with a reduction in neurosteroid-sensitive GABAR-mediated tonic current. This switch in GABAR subtypes was not reciprocated in the tottering mouse model of absence epilepsy implicating a unique, intrinsic adaptation of GABAergic networks instg.Contrary to previous reports that suggested that TARPγ2 is expressed in the dentate, we find that TARPγ2 was neither detected instgnor control DG. We report that TARPγ8 is the principal TARP isoform found in the DG and that its expression is compromised by the stargazer mutation. These effects on GABAergic parameters and TARPγ8 expression are likely to arise as a consequence of failed expression of TARPγ2 elsewhere in the brain, resulting in hyperexcitable inputs to the dentate.
Theoretical predictions of complex formation of group-4 elements Zr, Hf, and Rf in H2SO4 solutions
Authors: Pershina Valeria , Polakova D. , Omtvedt J. P. 
Published: August 2006

Summary
A process of step-wise complexation of group-4 elements Zr, Hf, and Rf in H2SO4 solutions has been considered theoretically. Relative values of the free energy change of the M(SO4)2(H2O)4, M(SO4)3(H2O)2
2− and M(SO4)4
4− (M = Zr, Hf, and Rf) formation reactions from hydrated and partially hydrolyzed cations have been calculated using the fully relativistic density functional theory method. They proved to be very similar for reactions of Zr and Hf. At low H2SO4 concentrations, Hf should, however, have a slight preference for the complex formation, especially, when hydrolysis takes place, while with increasing H2SO4 concentration and decreasing hydrolysis, the trend should be Zr > Hf. According to the results, Rf should exhibit a weaker tendency to complex formation than Zr and Hf at the entire range of acid concentrations, i.e., for all types of complexes. Thus, the predicted trend is Zr > Hf ≫ Rf. The same trend is also found for the formation of R4M(SO4)4, where R is a monovalent cation. Accordingly, the trend in the K
d (distribution coefficient) values in anion-exchange separations of group-4 elements should be: Zr > Hf ≫ Rf. The obtained trend for Zr and Hf is in agreement with literature data on extraction of these elements in macro-concentrations from sulphuric acid solutions and with recent experiments on extraction of single species by TOA in toluene using the SISAK technique.