bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the New Strain of Strawberry latent ringspot virus Isolated from Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)
Authors: Borodynko N. , Hasiów B. , Figlerowicz M. , Pospieszny H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThree isolates of Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) were obtained from black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.): SLRSV‐G2, SLRSV‐N31 and SLRSV‐W16. The isolates were identified by the host range, particle morphology, serological properties and virus‐specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The studies showed that two Polish isolates: SLRSV‐N31 and SLRSV‐W16 are almost identical, while the SLRSV‐G2 isolate is remarkably different. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that SLRSV‐G2 is also distinct from others reported to date. Pairwise comparisons of SLRSV‐G2 with other isolates available in GenBank database showed only 76–79% nucleotide similarity. Therefore, SLRSV‐G2 is proposed as a new strain of SLRSV.
Solanum malacoxylon, a New Natural Host of Stolbur Phytoplasma
Authors: Iriti M. , Quaglino F. , Maffi D. , Casati P. , Bianco P. A. , Faoro F. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Stolbur phytoplasma infection has been reported, for the first time, in a new host, Solanum malacoxylon, growing in the Botanical Garden of Milan University. This shrub, native of South America, synthesizes vitamin D compounds, important for biomedical and biotechnological purposes. Pathogen detection was performed by light and transmission electron microscopy, and confirmed by molecular diagnosis, based on PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) analysis of the phytoplasmal 16S rRNA and tuf genes. By means of enzymatic restriction and phylogenetic analysis on these genes, it was found that the phytoplasma belongs to the Stolbur group, taxonomic subgroup 16SrXII‐A, thus indicating S. malacoxylon as an additional host for this pathogen. Solanum malacoxylon could be then involved in the natural Stolbur phytoplasma spreading throughout South American areas, where this wild plant grows endemically.
Associational resistance mediates predator‐‐prey interactions in a marine subtidal system
Authors: Thornber Carol 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThere is a growing awareness of the role that indirect interactions play in influencing food webs and ecosystem structure. In this study, the hypothesis that crustose algal epibionts provide gastropods associational resistance from predation was investigated through field surveys and laboratory feeding assays. In rocky low intertidal/shallow subtidal systems in the northeast Pacific, several species of crustose algae (the red alga Peyssonnelia meridionalis and crustose corallines) can colonize the shells of living Tegula brunnea snails. The growth patterns of these epibiontic crustose algae allow them to cover their host’s surface completely, which may, in turn, protect their hosts from predation. A multi‐site field survey of T. brunnea revealed that >60% of snails were at least 75% covered with one or more species of crustose algae, with 35% fully covered, indicating that this is common in the field. Laboratory feeding assays revealed that sea stars, a primary predator of T. brunnea, distinguished among snails with different shell coverings; Pisaster consumed nearly three times as many bare (i.e. no crustose algae) snails as those covered with Peyssonnelia, while Pycnopodia consumed four times as many bare snails as those covered with crustose corallines. These results suggest that epibiont crustose algae can benefit their hosts via associational resistance; this finding may have implications for the role of associational resistance in trophic interactions.
Population genetics and evolutionary demography of Ucides cordatus (Decapoda: Ocypodidae)
Authors: Oliveira‐Neto José F. , Pie Marcio R. , Boeger Walter A. , Ostrensky Antonio , Baggio Rafael A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractVariation in a fragment of the mitochondrial control region was investigated to assess the population history of the mangrove land crab, Ucides cordatus L., based on 100 individuals from five locations throughout the Brazilian coast. There was considerable variability in the studied fragment, with every individual showing a distinct haplotype. When regions of ambiguous alignment were removed, 90 haplotypes were still recognized, of which only 1 was shared among locations. There was no statistically significant evidence for geographical structure in the pattern of genetic variability based on a nested clade analysis, even though the geographical distances among the farthest collection sites exceeded 3000 km. Moreover, the mismatch distribution of pairwise differences showed a smooth unimodal distribution that is consistent with a recent population expansion of U. cordatus, either when each location was analysed in isolation or when all samples were combined. Interestingly, the estimates for the duration of such expansion vary latitudinally, suggesting that the expansion of the population of U. cordatus proceeded in a southward direction. These results indicate a possible relationship between the growth in the population of the mangrove land crab and the dynamics of mangrove ecosystems during the Quaternary.
Rhythms of feeding activity and food consumption of two Mediterranean burrowing fishes: Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche) and Chlopsis bicolor Rafinesque
Authors: Carpentieri Paolo , Colloca Francesco , Ardizzone Giandomenico 
Published: October 2007

AbstractData on the food consumption, feeding activity and periodicity of two burrowing fish, the congrid eel Gnathophis mystax (Delaroche, 1809) and the false moray Chlopsis bicolor Rafinesque, 1810 are presented. In all, 455 specimens were collected by bottom trawl in the central Mediterranean Sea at depths ranging from 140 to 160 m during four 24‐h day–night sampling cycles. The diet of G. mystax and C. bicolor was investigated by means of stomach content analysis. Diet varied significantly with length and maturity stage. During ontogenetic development G. mystax occupied different trophic levels: diet shifted from amphipods, predominantly in the smaller congrid eels [<25 cm total length (TL)] to fish in the larger individuals (>30 cm TL). Before the transition to the icthyophagous phase, the congrid eel showed a more generalistic foraging behaviour where decapods (Solenocera membranacea, Parapenaeus longirostris, Alpheus glaber), cephalopods (Sepiola spp. and Alloteuthis media), benthic (Gobiidae, Callionymus maculatus, Arnoglossus laterna) and benthopelagic fish (Argentina sphyraena) dominated the diet. Smaller C. bicolor (<25 cm TL) fed primarily on amphipods and cephalopods; bigger specimens fed also on decapods both natantian (A. glaber, Processa canaliculata) and reptantian (Medorippe lanata, Goneplax rhomboides). Daily ration values, computed from the Eggers method, ranged from 2.48% to 2.99% wet body weight for C. bicolor and G. mystax, respectively. Diel patterns in stomach fullness and the trophic niche overlap between the two species were also discussed.
Novel, single‐dose, topical treatment of tinea pedis using terbinafine: results of a dose‐finding clinical trial
Authors: De Chauvin Martine Feuilhade , Viguié‐Vallanet Claude , Kienzler Jean‐Luc , Larnier Catherine 
Published: October 2007

SummaryTinea pedis is the most common dermatophytosis requiring topical antifungals for at least 1–4 weeks. To determine the effectiveness of a novel topical single dose formulation of terbinafine (film forming solution‐FFS) in the treatment of tinea pedis, 344 outpatients from 43 dermatological centres in France and Bulgaria suffering from tinea pedis with possible extension to soles confirmed by mycological examination (direct and culture) were evaluated for efficacy of terbinafine 1%, 5%, 10% FFS in a randomised double blind vehicle controlled parallel group dose finding study. Evaluations were carried out at baseline, 1 and 6 weeks after a single application of FFS. Effective treatment rate based on negative mycology (direct and culture) and minimal signs and symptoms (two or less with only mild recorded) was measured at week 6. Effective treatment rates at week 6 with terbinafine 1%, 5% and 10% FFS were 66%, 70%, 61% compared with 18% with placebo. All three active preparations were shown to be significantly superior to placebo (P < 0.001). Terbinafine 1% and 5% FFS were shown to be non‐inferior to terbinafine 10% FFS. Terbinafine 1% FFS is an effective, safe dose for the treatment of tinea pedis. This novel product represents a significant advance with the enhanced compliance and convenience that it offers.
Observational study on candidaemia at a university hospital in southern Italy from 1998 to 2004
Authors: Caggiano Giuseppina , Iatta Roberta , Laneve Annamaria , Manca Fabio , Montagna Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2007

SummaryIn an observational study on candidaemia in hospitalised patients, conducted in a southern Italy hospital during 1998–2004, 155 cases were noted. Candida albicans (CA) was isolated in 71 (45.8%) cases involving mainly patients recovered in ICU, General Surgery and Neonatology. Candida non‐albicans (CnA) species were isolated by 84 (54.2%) candidaemic patients, and in particular, Candida parapsilosis was the most frequent species isolated in Pediatric Oncology. 91.6% of the patients had a central venous catheter and only 46.4% were receiving antifungal prophylaxis. Among these patients, 87.5% (63) developed CnA infections; in particular, 41 patients had a C. parapsilosis bloodstream infection. During our study, we observed a variable drift from 1998 to 2003; we registered an evident increment of CnA candidaemia (76.9%) and a decrease of CA cases (23%) only in 2004. The mortality was 26.7%, and we observed that CA was associated with the highest rate of mortality (53.6%). Although Candida infections are correlated primarily with risk factors, their resolution depends on timely diagnosis and early therapy.
Interaction of amphotericin B lipid formulations and triazoles with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes for antifungal activity against Zygomycetes
Authors: Simitsopoulou Maria , Roilides Emmanuel , Maloukou Avgi , Gil‐Lamaignere Cristina , Walsh Thomas J. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe frequency of zygomycosis has increased considerably over recent years mainly in immunocompromised and diabetic patients. Little is known about the effects of host innate immunity against different Zygomycetes especially under the influence of antifungal agents. The antifungal activity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) in combination with liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB), amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), voriconazole (VRC) and posaconazole (PSC) against Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopus microsporus, frequently isolated Zygomycetes, were studied and compared with Absidia corymbifera, a less pathogenic Zygomycete. Antifungal activity was evaluated as per cent of hyphal damage using the XTT metabolic assay. While A. corymbifera was more susceptible to PMN than the other two Zygomycetes, R. microsporus appeared to be the most susceptible to combined effects of amphotericin B formulations and VRC with PMN. LAMB exhibited synergistic activity with PMN in inducing hyphal damage to R. microsporus but not to the other fungi. In contrast, ABLC exhibited synergistic or additive activity with PMN against all three fungi. Among triazoles, only VRC exhibited additive effect with PMN against R. microsporus. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B and particularly ABLC interact with PMN predominantly in inducing augmented hyphal damage to three different species of Zygomycetes.
Diversity of abnormal embryo sacs in indica/japonica hybrids in rice demonstrated by confocal microscopy of ovaries
Authors: Zeng Y. X. , Hu C. Y. , Lu Y. G. , Li J. Q. , Liu X. D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEmbryo sac abortion occurs frequently in the spikelet of indica/japonica hybrids in rice. To provide a comprehensive understanding of embryo sac sterility in typical indica/japonica hybrids, a simple eosin B staining procedure for use with confocal microscopy was developed to observe the mature embryo sacs of 35 indica/japonica F1s making up an incomplete diallel cross design (5 × 7). A diversity of abnormal embryo sacs existed in the hybrids. The main types were classified into five categories: (i) embryo sac degeneration (ESD), (ii) embryo sac without egg apparatus, (iii) embryo sac without female germ unit, (iv) embryo sac with abnormal polar nuclei and (v) abnormal small embryo sac (ASES). The frequencies of abnormal embryo sacs in the 35 hybrids ranged from 26.0% to 76.3%, with an average of 48.6%. The highest frequency of abnormality was 31.3% ESD. The frequencies of various abnormalities varied with parental genotype and environment.
Inheritance of aroma compounds in a model population of Fragaria × ananassa Duch.
Authors: Olbricht K. , Grafe C. , Weiss K. , Ulrich D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe inheritance of important aroma compounds is demonstrated by the use of a model population of Fragaria × ananassa. Two cultivars were chosen for the crossing, ‘Mieze Schindler’ and ‘Elsanta’, which differ strongly in pedigree, phenotype, and fruit traits, including flavour. Two hundred seedlings of this cross‐combination were randomly selected from a population of 438 seedlings and propagated, with three plants per seedling. Aroma analysis was performed by automated headspace solid phase micro‐extraction in combination with non‐targeted data analysis (pattern recognition). This method can assist breeding programmes by the preparation and analysis of hundreds of samples by a simple procedure. The method was backed up by the substance identification using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data processing of 78 detectable volatile compounds by ChromstatTM in the F1 population showed very high variability of the volatile patterns. The ester methyl anthranilate (MA) is a discriminative key compound, being present only in the mother cultivar ‘Mieze Schindler’, and not detectable in ‘Elsanta’. Methyl anthranilate was detectable in one fourth of the F1 population. This low degree of inheritance shows that this important compound is easily lost in the breeding process, which could explain why all investigated modern cultivars do not contain MA. The results are valuable for the choice of breeding partners and for selection in seedling populations.
Using a linkage mapping approach to identify QTL for day‐neutrality in the octoploid strawberry
Authors: Weebadde C. K. , Wang D. , Finn C. E. , Lewers K. S. , Luby J. J. , Bushakra J. , Sjulin T. M. , Hancock J. F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA linkage mapping approach was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with day‐neutrality in the commercial strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa (Duch ex Rozier). Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to build a genetic map with a population of 127 lines developed by crossing the day‐neutral (DN) ‘Tribute’ with the short‐day (SD) ‘Honeoye’. The population was genotyped with AFLP markers and 429 single dose restriction fragments (SDRF) were placed on a consensus map of 1541 cM with 43 linkage groups. Individuals from the mapping population were observed for their flowering habit throughout the growing season in Michigan (MI), Minnesota (MN), Maryland (MD), Oregon (OR) and California (CA). Eight QTL were found that were either location specific or shared among locations. None of these QTL explained >36% of the phenotypic variation, indicating that the inheritance of day‐neutrality is likely a polygenic trait.
Quantitative trait loci analysis for resistance against Turnip mosaic virus based on a doubled‐haploid population in Chinese cabbage
Authors: Zhang F. L. , Wang M. , Liu X. C. , Zhao X. Y. , Yang J. P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTurnip mosaic virus (TuMV) as the major virus infecting Brassica crops, often cause severe yield and quality losses in Chinese cabbage production in China. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for TuMV resistance was conducted with a population of 100 doubled‐haploid lines derived from the F1 between 91‐112 (resistant) and T12‐19 (susceptible) through microspore culture. A total of 376 molecular markers including 235 amplified fragment length polymorphisms, 129 random amplified polymorphic DNAs, 10 simple sequence repeats, one SCAR and one morphological marker were employed to construct a linkage map with 10 linkage groups covering 809.1 cM with an average distance of 2.2 cM between loci. Resistance was assessed by artificial inoculation at the seedling stage and at the adult stage in field conditions, respectively. Four QTLs controlling TuMV resistance were identified with JoinMap QTL 4.0 and interval mapping method. Two QTLs (Tu1,Tu2) were associated with resistance at the seedling stage, each accounting for 58.2% and 14.7% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Two QTLs (Tu3,Tu4) were found corresponding to the disease resistance at the adult plant stage, explaining 48.5% and 32.0% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Marker‐assisted selection for these major QTLs involved in TuMV resistance could be useful in Chinese‐cabbage breeding programmes.
Effect of a muscarinic M3 receptor agonist on gastric motility
Authors: Chiba Toshimi , Kudara Norihiko , Sato Masaki , Inomata Masaaki , Orii Seishi , Suzuki Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMuscarinic M3 receptors exist in the gastrointestinal wall in humans and the muscarinic M3 agonist cevimeline hydrochloride (Evoxac) is a candidate therapeutic agent for the treatment of xerostomia in Sjögren’s syndrome. However, M3 receptor agonists are not known to show efficacy for diseases associated with abnormal gastrointestinal motility. Herein the effects are reported of cevimeline on gastric motility in two patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia. The patients both received long‐term proton pump inhibitor therapy for 6 months, but their symptoms persisted. Then cevimeline was administered orally for 8 weeks at 30 mg three times daily (90 mg/day) and their dyspepsia symptoms improved. Electrogastrography was performed to examine gastric motility before and after administration of the M3 agonist. The fasting or nocturnal wave rate was significantly increased after administration compared with before administration, but no significant postprandial changes were seen. No adverse effects of cevimeline were observed. This drug might be a candidate therapeutic agent for non‐ulcer dyspepsia. Because its postprandial effects on gastrointestinal motility are unclear, a dose‐finding clinical study should be performed in the future.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Christophi Christopher , Millar Ian , Nikfarjam Mehrdad , Muralidharan Vijayaragavan , Malcontenti‐Wilson Caterina 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDespite improvements in the supportive management of severe acute pancreatitis over the last decade, the morbidity and mortality rate remains high. The main feature of this condition is pancreatic necrosis leading to sepsis, with both localized and systemic inflammatory response syndromes. Early pathophysiological changes of the pancreas include alterations in microcirculation, ischemia reperfusion injury, and leukocyte and cytokine activation. The efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in improving these pathophysiological disturbances is documented for various conditions. However, its effect in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis is undetermined. This report documents the case of a 56‐year‐old woman presenting with severe acute pancreatitis treated by HBO therapy. The severity of disease was based on an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) illness grading score of 11 and a Baltazar based computed tomography severity index (CTSI) score of 9. Administration of 100% oxygen was commenced within 72 h of presentation at a pressure of 2.5 atmospheres for 90 min and given twice daily for a total of 5 days. Therapy was well tolerated with improvements in APACHE II and CTSI grading scores. HBO therapy for severe acute pancreatitis appeared to be safe and may have a role in improving treatment outcomes. Further study is required.
Surgical treatment for ureterocele with special reference to lower urinary tract reconstruction
Authors: Shimada Kenji , Matsumoto Fumi , Matsui Futoshi 
Published: October 2007

Objectives:  We reviewed the results of surgical treatment for children with ureterocele, especially addressing the importance of the lower urinary tract reconstruction.Methods:  We present medical records of 91 children with ureterocele (31 with the intravesical type, and 60 with the ectopic type) treated during the last 14 years. As the initial treatment, we carried out transurethral incision of the ureterocele (TUI). In patients with persistent reflux, breakthrough urinary tract infection (UTI), or signs of bladder outlet obstruction due to a collapsed cele wall, we recommended that patients undergo lower urinary tract reconstruction irrespective of the renal function involved in ureterocele. The average follow‐up period was 5 years (ranging 1 year and 6 months to 14 years).Results:  Transurethral incision of the ureterocele was carried out as the initial treatment on 68 patients (75%). A total of 34 patients (21 intravesical [68%] and 13 ectopic [22%]) were followed medically after TUI alone. Reconstruction of the lower urinary tract was carried out in 59 patients (65%). Nephroureterectomy combined with bladder level reconstruction was carried out in four children with single system and non‐functioning kidney. Follow‐up voiding cystourethrography showed that only one girl had reflux, which disappeared after the first follow‐up examination. Postoperative UTI occurred in 12 patients (20%) with ectopic ureterocele. Voiding dysfunction was suspected in eight patients.Conclusion:  We believe that the primary objective for patients with ureterocele, especially of the ectopic type, is to reconstruct the original pathology of the lower urinary tract that may give rise to reflux, obstruction, or abnormalities of urination. Although surgery at the bladder level can be challenging, the lower urinary tract reconstruction successfully corrects the vesicoureteral reflux and bladder outlet pathology under a cosmetically acceptable incision.
Influence of anodization on the fatigue strength of 7050‐T7451 aluminium alloy
Authors: CAMARGO A. , VOORWALD H. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTIn recent years, with higher demand for improved quality and corrosion resistance, recovered substrates have been extensively used. Consequently residual stresses originated from these coatings reduce the fatigue strength of a component. Due to this negative influence occasioned by corrosion resistance protective coatings, an effective process like shot peening must be considered to improve the fatigue strength. The shot peening treatment pushes the crack sources beneath the surface in most of medium and high cycle cases due to the compressive residual stress field (CRSF) induced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence on the fatigue life of anodic films grown on 7050‐T7451 aluminium alloy by sulphuric acid anodizing, chromic acid anodizing and hard anodizing. The influence on the rotating and reverse bending fatigue strength of anodic films grown on the aluminium alloy is to degrade the stress life fatigue performance of the base material.A consistent gain in fatigue life in relation to the base material was obtained through the shot peening process in coated specimens, associated to a residual stress field compressive near the surface, useful to avoid fatigue crack nucleation and delay or even stop crack propagation.