bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting Annual Harvests of Atlantic and Gulf Menhaden
Authors: Hanson Peter J. , Vaughan Douglas S. , Narayan Sridhar 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Continuous records of annual landings and fishing effort exist in the Atlantic purse-seine fishery for Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus since 1940 and the Gulf of Mexico fishery for Gulf menhaden B. patronus since 1946. Currently, year-ahead forecasts of landings from these species-specific fisheries separated by the Florida peninsula are provided to the industry by means of multiple-linear-regression models that relate landings and effort over the data series. Here, we compare three methods for this purpose—multiple regression, time series, and artificial neural networks—to determine whether forecast accuracy can be increased. Best-fit models were developed with each method for each fishery, and then 10-year retrospective analyses of 1-year-ahead catch forecasts were compared among the three methods. In general, multiple-regression and artificial neural network models were similar in their fit to the data series and both were better than time series models, judging from the Akaike information criterion, the correlation between observed and predicted catches, the mean prediction error, and the root mean square error of prediction. A 10-year retrospective analysis (1993–2002) of 1-year-ahead catch forecasts indicates that the three methods provided similar within-stock mean absolute forecast errors (19–21% in the Atlantic and 15–20% in the Gulf), with generally better forecasts for the Gulf fishery. Overall, multiple-regression and artificial neural network models provide lower average catch forecast errors and better fits to the fishery data, whereas similar forecast errors are provided by a univariate time series model (autoregressive integrated moving average model) in the Atlantic and a multivariate time series model (state space model) in the Gulf.
Bottlenecks to Fishery Yield for American Lobster in a Portion of the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Miller Robert J. , Mallet Manon , Lanteigne Marc , MacMillan Robert 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Egg production, larval survival, and migration of large benthic stages are considered to be possible bottlenecks to fishery yields for the American lobster Homarus americanus in the eastern Northumberland Strait, southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Egg production, measured as eggs per trap haul and stage I larval production, was high compared with that of surrounding areas with greater fishery yield. The only area that could have supplied larvae by drift supported average egg production. Low levels of postlarvae developed from this average to high egg production, implicating low larval survival as the proximal cause of low fishery yield. A scarcity of small lobsters in the catch over several decades also indicated that recruitment was low and that the fishable stock was supported by immigration. Because of this spatially variable relationship between egg production and fishery yield, we recommend setting management targets specific to an area.
Differences in Population Metrics between Bluegill and Redear Sunfish: Implications for the Effectiveness of Harvest Restrictions
Authors: Sammons Steve M. , Partridge David G. , Maceina Michael J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and redear sunfish L. microlophus were collected and aged from three reservoirs in Georgia and Alabama in 2003–2004 to describe population metrics and investigate the potential of harvest restrictions to maintain or improve the size structure of these populations. Redear sunfish grew faster and lived longer than bluegills in all three reservoirs, and estimated natural mortality was greater for bluegills than for redear sunfish; however, total annual mortality was similar between the species in two of the three reservoirs. Population dynamics models did not predict any significant benefits to bluegill size structure and yield from minimum length or bag restrictions. In contrast, redear sunfish populations in each study reservoir showed significant increases to size structure and minimal decline in yield from various harvest restriction scenarios. Because of higher mortality and slower growth in bluegills, harvest restrictions probably will not positively affect their size structure without an unacceptable decline in yield. However, our results indicated that harvest restrictions may have greater potential in managing redear sunfish populations. For redear sunfish, yield was not drastically affected by minimum length limits, but after implementation of harvest restrictions the number of larger, preferred-length (≥230-mm) fish could increase by over an order of magnitude in moderately to highly exploitative fisheries. Finally, results of this study have demonstrated that the common practice of managing sunfish as a homogenous group may not be appropriate, particularly if the fishery is composed of a diverse array of sunfish species that are targeted by anglers.
Impact of Software and Hardware Technologies on Occupational Health and Safety Policies in Saudi Arabian Oil Refineries
Authors: Idreis Hany M. , Siqueira Carlos E. , Levenstein Charles C. 
Published: August 2006

This article seeks to examine the impact of technology importation on occupational health and safety in both Saudi Arabian and U.S. oil refining industries. Technologies imported to the Saudi oil industry take two forms: hardware (sophisticated equipment to run oil facilities) and software (policies and regulations pertaining to workers' health and safety, and employment rights installed by Aramco's founding multinational companies). This study utilizes qualitative, historically oriented, cross-national case studies to compare and assess workers' health, safety, and rights in Saudi Aramco with its U.S. counterpart, Motiva Enterprises. Two facilities were chosen to conduct field research: the Saudi Aramco oil refinery at Jeddah and Motiva's refinery at Port Arthur, Texas. The Jeddah refinery is fully owned by Saudi Aramco, thus, representing Aramco's health and safety policies and regulations. The Port Arthur refinery serves as a reference case study for U.S. oil refining facilities. The aspects of occupational health and safety in Saudi Aramco—ExxonMobil's joint ventures SAMREF and LUBREF—also are discussed to examine workers' health policies in both companies. The American oil industry made a significant contribution in establishing the Saudi oil industry, with the cooperation of the Saudi government. Despite having outstanding employment benefits schemes in Saudi Aramco, the presence of an organized work force better serves employee participation in Motiva than in Aramco. Safety systems such as Process Safety Management (PSM)—applied in Motiva—partially exist in Aramco to operate hardware technologies safely. Motiva training systems are better through PACE's Triangle of Prevention (TOP). Both companies follow the same pattern of handling occupational injuries and diseases; however, Saudi government agencies (GOSI) are responsible for compensating and treating injured workers. Saudi workers expressed conditional support for the worker committee program proposed by the Ministry of Labor. American and Saudi workers are concerned about the quality and sufficiency of health and safety training, employment promotion, work pressure, and job uncertainty due to continuous downsizing. This article recommends that Saudi social actors increase safety and health awareness in the work environment by providing intensive occupational safety training to the employees (as demanded by Saudi and American workers), improve labor-management relations through establishing strong cooperative contacts with regional and international trade unions, and establish uniform and standard occupational health and safety regulations for Saudi Aramco and its subsidiaries in order to provide an equal level of protection for Saudi workers.
Free and non-free subgroups of the fundamental group of the Hawaiian Earrings
Authors: Zastrow Andreas 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The space which is composed by embedding countably many circles in such a way into the plane that their radii are given by a null-sequence and that they all have a common tangent point is called “The Hawaiian Earrings”. The fundamental group of this space is known to be a subgroup of the inverse limit of the finitely generated free groups, and it is known to be not free. Within the recent move of trying to get hands on the algebraic invariants of non-tame (e.g. non-triangulable) spaces this space usually serves as the simplest example in this context. This paper contributes to understanding this group and corresponding phenomena by pointing out that several subgroups that are constructed according to similar schemes partially turn out to be free and not to be free. Amongst them is a countable non-free subgroup, and an uncountable free subgroup that is not contained in two other free subgroups that have recently been found. This group, although free, contains infinitely huge “virtual powers”, i.e. elements of the fundamental group of that kind that are usually used in proofs that this fundamental group is not free, and, although this group contains all homotopy classes of paths that are associated with a single loop of the Hawaiian Earrings, this system of ‘natural generators’ can be proven to be not contained in any free basis of this free group.
On asymptotic independence of the exit moment and position from a small domain for diffusion processes
Authors: Gasanenko Vitalii 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
If ξ(t) is the solution of homogeneous SDE in R
m, and T
∃ is the first exit moment of the process from a small domain D
∃, then the total expansion for the following functional showing independence of the exit time and exit place is
$$Eexp( - \lambda T_\varepsilon )f(\frac{{\xi (T_\varepsilon )}}{\varepsilon }) - Eexp( - \lambda T_\varepsilon )Ef(\frac{{\xi (T_\varepsilon )}}{\varepsilon }),\varepsilon \searrow 0,\lambda > 0.$$
Advanced oxidation processes for decolorization of aqueous solution containing acid red G azo dye
Authors: Surpăţeanu Mioara , Zaharia Carmen 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Some investigations concerning the decolorization of Acid Red G azo dye by photooxidation with hydrogen peroxide were performed. The influences of pH, oxidant concentration, and the presence of Fe2+ or other metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Mn2+) as potential catalysts, were investigated. The best results were obtained in the presence of ferrous ions in acid and neutral media. The other ions are not as effective as Fe2+ for dye decolorization. Co2+ and Cu2+ ions have a catalytic action, at low concentration, within a wide range of pH. Ni2+ and Mn2+ ions have no catalytic effect in photooxidation with hydrogen peroxide at acid Ni2+ and Mn2+ ions have no catalytic effect in photooxidation with hydrogen peroxide at acid pH values, but show a weak action in alkaline media.
The application of the CSB to the prediction of single step reactions and reaction pathways
Authors: Nowak Grażyna , Fic Grzegorz 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Applications of the CSB (Common-Sense Builder) system for the logic-oriented and knowledge-assisted simulation of chemical reaction courses are described. We present the possibility of using the CSB for two ways of reaction simulation, i.e., as a multi-step process or as single step procedure. Results of the first simulation type are given to predict the course, and to model reaction mechanism. The second one is capable of complex chemical transformations such as multi-component and cascade reactions to generate structurally diverse products for combinatorial chemistry. In several experiments performed, we analyze the capabilities and limitations of the CSB modules and controlling tools for the examination and selective generation of solutions.
Pyrazoles as molecular probes to study the properties of co-crystals by solid state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: López Concepción , Claramunt Rosa , García M. , Elguero José 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Equimolar mixtures of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (1) with four NH-imidazoles (2–5) have been studied by13C and 15N CPMAS NMR and by DSC. In three cases, the solid mixture behaves as the sum of the individual components [imidazole (2), 2-methylimidazole (3) and 2,4(5)-dimethylimidazole (5)]. In one case [4,5-dimethylimidazole (4)], the mixture corresponds to a new species in which the dynamic behavior of1 no longer exists.
Synthesis of a series of vicinal diamines with potential biological activity
Authors: Kurteva Vanya , Lyapova Maria 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A broad range of vicinal diamines based on styrene oxide are synthesisedvia mixtures of regioisomeric amino alcohols. The ring opening of the intermediate aziridinium ions by primary amines proceeds with high regioselectivity, leading to the target diamines as single regioisomers for all reaction series. The compounds are of potential biological interest as ligands for cisplatin analogues. Anticancer activity tests of both groups of compounds are in progress.
QSAR studies of 2-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1h-naphtho[1,8-de]-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine 2-oxides and sulphides
Authors: Madhuritha A. , Kumar B. , Parthasarathy T. , Uma V. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) study of 2-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8,de]-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine 2-oxides and sulphides (DND), examines the extent of the contribution by various physicochemical parameters with respect to their antimicrobial activity. Simple bivariant regression analysis, based on the least squares method, is applied in order to predict models. The predicted models reveal that the steric factor, MR, is the major contributor influencing antimicrobial activity. Bulky groups at the C-19 (C=0 group) position positively influence the potency of the compounds
Distribution and characterization of Aegilops and Triticum species from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast
Authors: Spetsov Penko , Plamenov Dragomir , Kiryakova Vanya 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA total of 158 Aegilops-Triticum samples representing six Aegilops species (one diploid, four tetraploid and one hexaploid) and one diploid Triticum were collected along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, and their distribution on the 350 km long coastal line was reported. The region south of Kamchia river, accepted as the middle point of the coast, was characterized by the greatest diversity of these wild relatives of wheat. The most widely distributed species in this area was Ae. geniculata. Ae. cylindrica was distributed only in north (Durankulak), while Ae. biuncialis and Ae. triuncialis were collected both north and south of Kamchia river. All samples of Ae. neglecta were hexaploid. Natural hybrids of goatgrass and wheat were found in Ae. cylindrica populations. Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides had limited distribution in the south region. Aegilops uniaristata was recorded as a new species for the Bulgarian flora. Most of the samples expressed resistance to powdery mildew in seedling and adult stage, but all of them were polymorphic regarding the resistance to leaf rust (cultures 73760 and 43763). The study revealed additional data for the distribution of Aegilops and Triticum species in Bulgaria and their potential value as genetic resources in wheat improvement.
Biological activity of vanadium compounds
Authors: Goc Anna 
Published: August 2006

AbstractVanadium compounds are characterised by a broad spectrum of action in vivo and in vitro. Their insulin-mimetic activity is manifested in their ability to normalize changes observed in both clinical and experimental diabetes (i.e. hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, lowered cell sensitivity to insulin) through the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and the removal of secondary symptoms of this disease (as e.g. retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, nephropathy). Nevertheless, vanadium is considered to be a toxic element in both cationic and anionic form, although the latter type has more serious side effects. This is accounted for by the faster absorption of anionic forms, although the chemical structure, geometry, and the manner of synthesis of its derivatives also contributes to this elevated toxicity. Besides their antidiabetic properties, vanadium derivatives have also been observed to influence processes related to mitogenic cell responses (apoptosis, proliferation, neoplastic transformation). However, both anti-and pro-neoplastic properties of vanadium are reported.
DNA oxidation and superoxide dismutase in the kidney of diabetic animals: effects of pioglitazone and repaglinide
Authors: Gumieniczek Anna , Hopkała Hanna , Rzymowska Jolanta , Niemczyk Maciej 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the present study, DNA oxidative damage was elevated and superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) metabolism was disturbed in the kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic animals. The effects of pioglitazone and repaglinide, new oral antidiabetics, on 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Cu,Zn-SOD were studied. Diabetic versus control levels (mean ± SE) of 8-OHdG were 24.9 ± 0.2 vs. 21.8 ± 0.1 and 21.5 ± 0.2 vs 20.1 ± 0.2 pmol/µg DNA after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. At p<0.05, pioglitazone diminished this parameter in diabetic animals (22.0 ± 0.2 and 20.1 ± 0.3 pmol/µg DNA). The level was not affected in diabetic groups receiving repaglinide (24.9 ± 0.2 and 21.5 ± 0.3 pmol/µg DNA). In diabetic kidney, Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA was diminished relative to control animals and was modulated by pioglitazone and repaglinide treatments. Simultaneously, Cu,Zn-SOD activity was also diminished (1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 2.8 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.1 vs 2.9 ± 0.3 U/mg protein after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively) and partly changed after pioglitazone (2.1 ± 0.4 and 2.3 ± 0.3 U/mg protein) and repaglinide (2.0 ± 0.1 and 2.4 ± 0.2 U/mg protein). These results suggest that a reduction in oxidative stress in diabetic kidney can be achieved with the administration of pioglitazone and to some extent using repaglinide treatment.
Aspirin and statin medication decreases the risk of myocardial infarction associated with LTA and NFKBIL1 polymorphisms
Authors: Höyssä Salla , Rontu Riikka , Kuukasjärvi Pekka , Mennander Ari , Laurikka Jari , Tarkka Matti , Nikus Kjell , Islam Md. , Karhunen Pekka , Lehtimäki Terho 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Lymphotoxin-α (LTA) is a cytokine involved in inflammatory reactions. NFKBIL1 is a regulator of the NF-κB complex. The study investigated the associations of LTA 804 C>A and NFKBIL1-63 T>A polymorphisms with the use of statin and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment in relation to myocardial infarction (MI).
The study population comprised of 600 Finnish individuals who underwent coronary angiography volunteering for the Angiography and Genes Study. Genotypes were detected by the TaqMan 5′ nuclease assay. We found a interaction between the LTA genotype (p=0.002) and the NFKBIL1 genotype (p=0.012) and statin treatment in relation to MI. Subjects with the LTA AA or the NFKBIL1 AA genotype were at a 2.77 (95% CI:1.22-6.24) and 2.85 (95% CI:1.22-6.66) times higher risk, respectively, of suffering an MI when compared to other genotypes among statin non-users. ASA treatment also modulated associations between LTA and NFKBIL1 genotypes and MI (p=0.015 and p=0.028 respectively). The NFKBIL1-A-LTA-A haplotype showed a 61% increase in the risk of MI compared to the NFKBIL1-T-LTA-C haplotype among statin non-users.
Anti-inflammatory medication modifies the genotype-related risk of MI, suggesting that subjects with LTA and NFKBIL1 AA haplotype might especially benefit from the treatment.
Cover Picture: High‐Performance Organic Single‐Crystal Transistors on Flexible Substrates (Adv. Mater. 17/2006)
Authors: Briseno A. L. , Tseng R. J. , Ling M.‐M. , Falcao E. H. L. , Yang Y. , Wudl F. , Bao Z. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe cover shows a comparison of thin and thick rubrene single crystals where the flexibility of the thin rubrene crystals is clearly illustrated. On p. 2320, Yang, Bao, and co‐workers report that high performance flexible transistors on plastic substrates fabricated by using these rubrene “thin‐film” single‐crystals demonstrate mobility as high as 4.6 cm2 Vs–1 and ON/OFF ratios of approximately 106.
Inside Front Cover: Macroscopic Parallel Nanocylinder Array Fabrication Using a Simple Rubbing Technique (Adv. Mater. 17/2006)
Authors: Yu H. , Li J. , Ikeda T. , Iyoda T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA simple rubbing technique to macroscopically align nanocylinders in an amphiphilic diblock liquid‐crystalline copolymer is reported by Ikeda and co‐workers on p. 2213. The inside cover shows highly ordered arrays of nanocylinders parallel to the rubbing direction owing to supramolecular cooperative motions between mesogens and microphase‐separated domains. This opens a novel, convenient pathway for controlling defect‐free nanoscopic domains over large areas.
Nucleolar staining cannot be used as a screening test for the scleroderma marker anti–RNA polymerase I/III antibodies
Authors: Yamasaki Yoshioki , Honkanen‐Scott Minna , Hernandez Liza , Ikeda Keigo , Barker Tolga , Bubb Michael R. , Narain Sonali , Richards Hanno B. , Chan Edward K. L. , Reeves Westley H. , Satoh Minoru 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectiveAnti–RNA polymerase I/III (anti–RNAP I/III) antibodies are clinically useful markers of scleroderma, and their presence is associated with diffuse skin disease and an increased risk of cardiac and kidney involvement. Although RNAP I antibodies localize to the nucleolus, nucleolar staining by many anti‐RNAP antibody–positive sera is not always observed. Nucleolar staining by anti‐RNAP antibody–positive sera was examined by double staining with antifibrillarin antibodies to evaluate whether nucleolar staining can be used as a screening test for anti–RNAP I/III antibodies. In addition, the relationships between nucleolar staining and levels of anti–RNAP III antibodies were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoprecipitation (IP) assay.MethodsSera were tested using immunofluorescent antinuclear antibodies on HEp‐2 cell slides, by anti–RNAP III ELISA, and by IP assay using 35S‐labeled K562 cell extract. Nucleolar staining by anti‐RNAP antibody IP‐positive sera was confirmed by double staining using antifibrillarin monoclonal antibodies. The levels of anti–RNAP III antibodies were quantitated by ELISA and by IP assay using a serially diluted reference serum as a standard, and their relationship was analyzed.ResultsAll 18 anti–RNAP I/III antibody–positive sera showed nuclear speckled patterns, but nucleolar staining was readily noticeable in only 44% of the sera. A positive correlation was found between ELISA and IP units for anti–RNAP III antibodies. The levels of anti–RNAP III antibodies and anti–RNAP I antibodies correlated well, with the exception of a few sera. Levels of anti–RNAP III antibodies were low in sera with nucleolar staining, whereas several sera with high levels of anti–RNAP I antibodies clearly showed nucleolar staining.ConclusionAlthough some sera positive for anti–RNAP I/III antibodies clearly stain nucleoli, nucleolar staining is inconsistent and cannot be used to screen for anti–RNAP I/III antibodies.