bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE CALIBRATION OF FLOATING TREE‐RING CHRONOLOGIES USING RADIOCARBON DATES
Authors: CLARK R. M. , RENFREW C. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThe bristlecone pine tree‐ring calibration of radiocarbon dates, while necessitating changes of up to 700 years in Holocene chronology before 1000b.c., offers possibilities of very accurate dating when14C determinations from floating tree‐ring chronologies are utilized.A statistical approach assuming linear regression is developed and used to position the floating tree‐ring chronologies at Swiss neolithic sites, using radiocarbon dates published by Ferguson, Huber and Suess and by Suess. The statistical method gives objective estimated dates with estimates of error related, in a consistent and explicit manner, to the inherent inaccuracies of the radiocarbon dates. Most of the method may readily be tested by standard statistical procedures. For the particular cases considered the assumptions of linearity and parallelism are investigated, and the precision of the estimated dates is comparable with that claimed by Suess and his co‐workers. A precise calibration is thus possible without utilizing the short‐term fluctuations in the Suess calibration curve. The analysis, while avoiding some assumptions of Suess and his collaborators, offers an explicit procedure for establishing controlled teleconnections with the Ferguson dendrochronology, and supports their emphasis on the importance of radiocarbon dates from floating tree‐ring sequences for the construction of precise prehistoric chronologies.
PROGRESS IN TL DATING AT RISÖ
Authors: MEJDAHL V. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThis article outlines the thermoluminescent dating technique employed at Risö. The intensity of beta and gamma radiation is determined by means of the TL phosphors CaSO4:Mn and CaSO4:Dy, and the determination of accumulated exposure is based on quartz and feldspar inclusions with a size of 0.3–0.5 mm. Results are presented of a dating programme comprising sherds, bricks, burned stones and burned clay (from kilns) from seventeen excavation sites. The age of the sites ranged from a.d. 1600 to 4000 b.c.
THERMOLUMINESCENCE AND GLAZE STUDIES OF A GROUP OF T'ANG DYNASTY CERAMICS
Authors: FLEMING S. J. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThe application of the recently developed thermoluminescent method of pre‐dose dating to thirty‐seven glazed ceramics, purporting to have been manufactured during the T'ang Dynasty in China (a.d. 618–906), is reported. The modern origin of eight of these pieces is established. The remaining twenty‐nine authentic pieces are discussed with respect to the accuracy of dating possible for such wares.The criterion for authenticity judgement commonly used for this material, that of glaze crackleur, is discussed critically and shown to be of only limited reliability.
GEOMETRICAL FACTORS IN THE NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
Authors: WARREN S. E. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSIn the neutron activation analysis of museum specimens, for which sampling is not permitted, corrections must be applied to measured activities to take into account the sample shape and its position relative to the detector. Correction factors are derived for samples of cylindrical shape such as segmented faience beads and a model technique is suggested for those of irregular shape such as flint and obsidian implements. These techniques used in gamma‐ray spectrometry with lithium‐drifted germanium detectors enable elemental concentrations to be determined from the measured count rates.
THE HISTORY OF SO‐CALLED EGYPTIAN FAIENCE IN ISLAMIC PERSIA: INVESTIGATIONS INTO ABŪ'L‐QĀSIM'S TREATISE
Authors: ALLAN J. W. , LLEWELLYN L. R. , SCHWEIZER F. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThe glazes and bodies of fifteen Persian ceramic objects datable to c. A.D. 1300 were analysed by X‐ray fluorescent and optical emission spectroscopyin order to test the veracity of parts of Abū'l‐Qāsim's treatise on pottery manufacture. The results showed that the bodies of these pots were closely akin to so‐called Egyptian faience, and it is suggested on the basis of textual evidence that this body was used in Persia before the Seljuq period to imitate Chinese pottery, and may have been developed either from beads or glass.
THE SEGREGATION AND SURFACEENRICHMENT OF ARSENIC AND PHOSPHORUS IN EARLY IRON ARTIFACTS
Authors: TYLECOTE R. F. , THOMSEN R. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSPrevious work on iron‐arsenic alloys has shown that considerable superficial arsenic enrichment occurs during oxidation at high temperatures. This process is very likely to be the explanation for the layers of high arsenic concentration that have been observed in the microstructure of early iron artifacts by many workers.Experiments have been made to determine how far the alternative theory of the use of Fe‐As alloys as joining media could be responsible. It has been shown that Fe‐As alloys can in some cases facilitate joining but that when they do the resulting joint is embrittled. When the arsenic concentration is reduced sufficiently to avoid this there is then no advantage over the normal hammer welding without an arsenic interlayer. Similar experiments have been carried out with phosphorus and similar conclusions have been drawn.
MÖSSBAUER SPECTRA OF IRON IN CERAMICS AND THEIR RELATION TO POTTERY COLOURS
Authors: HESS J. , PERLMAN I. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThe chemical states of iron in a few selected clays and ceramics have been ascertained employing the technique of Mössbauer absorption. The effects upon the iron in firing the clays under different conditions have also been measured. Colour changes are correlated with the various chemical states of iron before and aftefiring.
HUNTITE, A MINERAL USED IN ANTIQUITY
Authors: BARBIERI M. , CALDERONI G. , CORTESI C. , FORNASERI M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSAn unusual occurrence of huntite CaMg3(CO3)4, found in a wooden box pertaining to the cargo of a sunken Roman ship of imperial age in the Golfo di Procchio on the north coast of Elba is described. The huntite has been identified on the basis of chemical analysis, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction and electron microscope images. Having ruled out its origin by the reaction of sea water on some pre‐existing material it is concluded that the huntite represented the original content of the box. The origin and the provenance of huntite and its possible use are discussed.
THERMOLUMINESCENT DATING OF NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC POTTERY FROM SITES IN CENTRAL PORTUGAL
Authors: WHITTLE E. H. , ARNAUD J. M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSSamples of Neolithic and Chalcolithic pottery from nine sites in the Upper Alentejo and Estremadura regions of Portugal have been dated by the thermoluminescence method (quartz inclusion technique). The project was designed to help establish an absolute chronology for the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods in this area, and to try to elucidate the chronological relationships between settlement sites and burial sites (‘dolmens’) in the same area. Portugal was confirmed, together with Brittany, as being one of the earliest foci of megalith builders.
THE APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS TO A STUDY OF PREHISTORIC STEATITE ARTIFACTS AND SOURCE MATERIALS
Authors: ALLEN R. O. , LUCKENBACH A. H. , HOLLAND C. G. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSA study of the trace and minor element content of steatite artifacts from the Eastern United States has been carried out. Samples from both quarry and habitation sites ranging from New York to North Carolina have been analyzed through the use of instrumental neutron activation analysis. The most successful method of evaluating data has involved the study of a very coherent group of elements known as the Rare Earths. Geological processes cause fractionation of this group and it is this fractionation which is of use in terms of characterizing the source deposits of this material. Promising but less definitive results have been obtained with the elements scandium, chromium, cobalt and others. Sufficient variations have been found to be present in the source deposits of steatite in this area to enable differentiation, and the successful linking of samples from habitation sites to their quarry deposits has been achieved in some cases.This paper discusses the results of this study to date, the methods employed, and the potential value of this work in helping to reconstruct prehistoric trading systems.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PACIFIC NORTHWEST COAST OBSIDIAN BY X‐RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS
Authors: NELSON D. E. , D'AURIA J. M. , BENNETT R. B. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSSeveral geological sources of obsidian in the Pacific Northwest have been characterized by means of their trace element concentrations, as measured by X‐ray fluorescence analysis. The technique is fast and completely non‐destructive, making it well‐suited for identifying the sources of obsidian from which artifacts were fabricated.
THERMOLUMINESCENT DATING: ASSESSMENT OF ALPHA PARTICLE CONTRIBUTION
Authors: AITKEN M. J. , BOWMAN S. G. E. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSA new system for specifying alpha source strength, in terms of track length per unit volume of sample, is proposed. It is based on the experimental observation that the TL induced per unit length of track is essentially independent of alpha particle energy. The new system avoids the need to make assumptions about sampple stopping power and it is shown to be consonant with the old system as long as up‐to‐date evaluation of alpha ranges is used. A revised table of dose‐rate data is given.
A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL DATA (TRACE ELEMENT) FROM CLASSICAL MARBLE QUARRIES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Authors: CONFORTO L. , FELICI M. , MONNA D. , SERVA L. , TADDEUCCI A. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSMinor and trace elements (K, Sr, Ba, Al, Fe, Mn, Si, Ti) have been measured in marbles from classical mediterranean quarries (Afyon, Denizli, Aphrodisias, Ephesus, Marmara and Carrara). A distinctive characterization of the classical marble sources by means of such chemical parameters seems very difficult, although some distinctions can be attempted between a few different areas and zones, within an area.
PALAEOMAGNETIC AND MINERAL MAGNETIC STUDIES OF SEDIMENTS FROM PETRALONA CAVE, GREECE
Authors: PAPAMARINOPOULOS S. , READMAN P. W. , MANIATIS Y. , SIMOPOULOS A. 
Published: August 2007

Palaeomagnetic measurements on sediments from Petralona cave. Greece indicate a stable, single component remanence of normal polarity. Redeposition experiments established the ability of the sediments to acquire the direction of the geomagnetic field. Magnetic properties and Mössbauer spectra of sediments and magnetic concentrates show that magnetite, which is slightly non‐stoichiometric, and haematite are present in the sediments from the cave. The magnetite dominates the magnetic properties and exhibits pseudosingle domain behaviour.Using rstimated deposition rates for the sediments in the cave. and the fact that U Th and ESR dates which can be stratigraphically correlated to the palaeomagnetic section range from 200 to 750 ka. implies that the section represents a time span of about 150 180 ka within the Brunhes epoch. From this. the age of a human cranium found in the cave 25 years ago is estimated to be not older than 620 ka.
LES VERRES ANCIENS: LA QUESTION DE LA DATABILITÉ PAR THERMOLUMINESCENCE
Authors: MÜLLER P. , SCHVOERER M. 
Published: August 2007

La plupart des échantillons de verres archéologiques ne sont pas datables par thermoluminescence. Une analyse des causes limitant l'extension de la datation par thermoluminescence aux verres anciens montre que celles‐ci sont directement issues de caracteristiques de l'etat vitreux. Toutefois. dans certains cas particuliers, la datation est possible.Most archaeological glass samples cannot be dated using thermoluminescence (TL). An analysis of the causes which limit the extension of the TL dating method to ancient glass shows that these causes come from the vitreous state characteristics. Nevertheless in some cases, dating is still possible.
One‐Period Model of Individual Consumption, Life Insurance, and Investment Decisions
Authors: Zhu Yanyun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article studies individuals' optimal decisions on consumption, life insurance, and stock purchases in a one‐period framework. With exponential utility functions, individuals' life insurance and stock purchases are independent of each other; life insurance purchases are affected only by individuals' future income, bequest intensity, risk attitude, survival probability, and the insurance risk premium; stock purchases are affected only by individuals' risk attitude, the risk‐free rate of return, the stock return, and stock volatility. With power utility functions, life insurance and stock purchases are positively related with each other and are affected by all the factors.
The Demand for Life Insurance in OECD Countries
Authors: Li Donghui , Moshirian Fariborz , Nguyen Pascal , Wee Timothy 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article examines the determinants of life insurance consumption in OECD countries. Consistent with previous results, we find a significant positive income elasticity of life insurance demand. Demand also increases with the number of dependents and level of education, and decreases with life expectancy and social security expenditure. The country's level of financial development and its insurance market's degree of competition appear to stimulate life insurance sales, whereas high inflation and real interest rates tend to decrease consumption. Overall, life insurance demand is better explained when the product market and socioeconomic factors are jointly considered. In addition, the use of GMM estimates helps reconcile our findings with previous puzzling results based on inconsistent OLS estimates given heteroscedasticity problems in the data.
Capital and Risk Revisited: A Structural Equation Model Approach for Life Insurers
Authors: Baranoff Etti G. , Papadopoulos Savas , Sager Thomas W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe role of risk in the capital structure decision of firms is a vast topic in finance. Commonly, models of the interrelationship between risk and capital enumerate as many risk factors as possible by appropriate proxies, with the goal of detailing their individual effects. In this study of the life insurance industry for 1994 through 2000, we take a broader, holistic view of enterprise risk, identifying two groups of insurer risk factors that arise from the major activities of life insurers: investing and underwriting. We call the group of risk factors associated with investing asset risk, and the group associated with underwriting product risk. After specifying other important determinants of capital structure as controls, we allow all other risk factors to find expression in residual error. Within this framework, our focus is to compare two candidate measures for the role of proxy for asset‐related risks. One measure, called regulatory asset risk (RAR), derives from the regulatory tradition of concern with solvency and is related to the C‐1 component of risk‐based capital. The other measure, called opportunity asset risk (OAR), is motivated by traditional finance concerns with market risk and reflects volatility of returns. Product‐related risks are proxied by underwriting exposures in different product lines. We employ structural equation modeling (SEM), which uses longitudinal factor analysis. SEM is an innovative technique for such studies, in dealing effectively with multiple structural equations, autocorrelated panel data, unobserved underlying factors, and other issues that are not simultaneously addressed in other methodologies. We find that RAR and OAR are not equivalent proxies for asset risks. Although overlapping to some extent, each illuminates different aspects of the asset risk–capital interrelationship. In particular, RAR does not seem to affect the capital structure decision of small firms, although OAR does. We interpret this to suggest that small firms as a whole are not as sensitive in their capital decisions to the proxy of regulatory concerns as to the proxy of market opportunity. This contrasts with large insurers, for whom both RAR and OAR have significant effects on capital that comport with the finite risk hypothesis. More detailed analysis suggests that the lack of effect of RAR for small insurers may result from RAR's proxying some factors that induce finite risk for part of the small insurer sample, and other factors that favor the excessive risk hypothesis.
Horizontal Plane Transesophageal Echocardiography May Be False Negative for Large Tricuspid Vegetations
Authors: GUARNERI ERMINIA , TUNICK PAUL A. , KENNEDY JAMES T. , KRONZON ITZHAK 
Published: August 2007

A 37‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital with fever. Because of a history of intravenous drug abuse, and a picture consistent with septic pulmonary emboli, right‐sided endocarditis was suspected. However, transthoracic echocardiography did not reveal any vegetations. Transesophageal echocardiography was therefore done, and excellent visualization of the tricuspid valve with the horizontal plane view showed what appeared to be a normal tricuspid valve. However, the vertical plane image clearly showed a large tricuspid vegetation. This case illustrates the advantage of the biplane transesophageal transducer, as the diagnosis would have been missed with a standard single plane probe.transesophageal echocardiography, tricuspid vegetation, biplane transesophageal echocardiography
Transesophageal Echocardiography and Concurrent Coronary Angiography for the Rapid Assessment of Papillary Muscle Rupture
Authors: KOZLOWSKI CHRISTOPHER M. , DOROGY MARK E. 
Published: August 2007

Echocardiography with color flow imaging is valuable for identifying mechanical complications of myocardial infarction. Transesophageal echocardiography is useful for critically ill patients in whom transthoracic imaging is often insufficient. A case of papillary muscle rupture is presented in which transesophageal echocardiography was performed concurrently with coronary angiography. The detailed information obtained from two‐dimensional and color flow imaging eliminated the need for diagnostic right heart catheterization and left ventriculography. Transesophageal echocardiography used in this manner can facilitate expeditious surgical management.papillary muscle, transesophageal echocardiography, myocardial infarction
A Study of the Heating of Plaque During an Intravascular Procedure
Authors: CHELLAIAH S. 
Published: August 2007

In invasive techniques such as laser angioplasty and intravascular ultrasonography, there is a source of heat inside the vascular system that is being released/dissipated by the inserted device. In this article, the transfer of heat from this source to the plaque deposited on the walls of the artery has been studied numerically using two different models. The models consider the transient conduction and the absorption of heat through the plaque. The variation of thermophysical properties is also included in the analysis. It was found that the temperature distribution depends significantly on the type of plaque and the power level.heat transfer, arterial plaque
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Findings in Complete Unilateral Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection of Right Lung to Right Atrium
Authors: SANYAL RAJAT S. , NANDA NAVIN C. , SNELL DERRY , FINCH ANA , LOUNGANI RAMESH R. , BLACKWELL GERALD G. , PACIFICO A.D. 
Published: August 2007

Transesophageal echocardiographic findings in a patient with anomalous drainage of both right‐ sided pulmonary veins into the right atrium are described. The atrial septum was intact and the left‐ sided veins connected normally with the left atrium.transesophageal echocardiography, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection of the right pulmonary veins to the right atrium
Transient Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy During Pregnancy
Authors: ROSENBLATT JEFFREY A. , OSHER HAROLD L. , LAMBREW COSTAS T. 
Published: August 2007

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a primary myocardial disease with typical echocardiography features of asymmetric septal hypertrophy and evidence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The natural history of HOCM is characterized by a slow progression of symptoms and a significant annual mortality rate. We report an unusual case of transient HOCM during pregnancy with evidence of total resolution postpartum.hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pregnancy, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, two‐dimensional echocardiography, Doppler echocardiography
Quantification of Left Ventricular Dimensions On Line with Biplane Transesophageal Echocardiography and Lateral Gain Compensation
Authors: DÁVILA‐ROMÁN VICTOR G. , CARDONA HIRAM , FEINBERG MICHA , PEREZ JULIO E. , BARZILAI BENICO 
Published: August 2007

To determine the feasibility and accuracy of biplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) with automatic boundary detection (ABD) for the estimation of left ventricular areas, we examined 19 consecutive patients with the use of this technique. In addition, we evaluated the utility of lateral gain compensation (LGC) to improve the online tracking of the ABD algorithm on the lateral endocar‐dial‐blood boundary of the echocardiographic image. The transverse plane short‐axis TEE view and the longitudinal plane two chamber TEE view were used for the analysis. A semiquantitative estimate (in degrees) of the endocardial circumference, in which the boundary was correctly identified and tracked on line, improved from a mean of 198o to 360o with LGC (P < 0.001). Results of comparisons of offline and online biplane TEE cavity areas revealed excellent correlations of values for the 16 patients (84%) in whom adequate transverse plane short‐axis images were obtained (r values> 0.9 at systole and diastole). The correlation was also excellent (r values > 0.9) in the nine patients in whom longitudinal plane two‐chamber views adequate for ABD analysis were obtained at systole and diastole. LGC significantly improved the accuracy of endocardial detection and tracking, which otherwise would be limited due to the anisotropic properties of the myocardium. Thus, ABD during biplane TEE may be feasible in a significant number of patients and accurately reflects left ventricular areas when compared with offline methods.transesophageal echocardiography, LV areas
Cardiac Abnormalities in One Case of Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Authors: ECKERD JOHN M. , HANSEN JAMES 
Published: August 2007

Classic Maple Syrup Urine Disease is a rare and serious metabolic disorder caused by inability to metabolize leucine, valine, and isoleucine properly. Accumulation of branched chain ketoacids leads to impairment of all vital organs, including the heart. Corrected QT index is prolonged during the early stages of the disorder. Quantitative Doppler demonstrates abnormalities in ventricular compliance and relaxation characteristics.Maple Syrup Urine Disease, myocardial diseases, echocardiography, Doppler, long QT syndrome
Embolic Accident Following Heparin Therapy for a Left Ventricular Clot Diagnosed by TEE:
Authors: AMUCHASTEGUI LUIS MARIA , AMUCHASTEGUI MARCOS , MOREYRA EDUARDO , SALOMONE OSCAR 
Published: August 2007

There are few data available on the incidence of embolic events inpatients with systemic anticoagulation. We describe a 40‐year‐old woman in congestive heart failure who was shown by transesophageal echocardiography to have an apical thrombus in the left ventricle without concomitant aneurysm. The patient was started on heparin immediately after the diagnosis was established. Twelve hours later she developed an embolic cerebrovascular accident. We believe that heparin dislodged the thrombus as occurs occasionally with thrombolytic agents used in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.transesophageal echocardiography, paradoxical embolization with heparin treatment, left ventricular thrombus