bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDEOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF MALAYSIA
Authors: Fredericks L. J. 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYThe paper examines the hypothesis that the growing public enterprise involvement in the Malaysian agricultural sector represents a definite policy choice and ideological committment to public enterprises over either private firms or egalitarian institutions. However, the rapid growth of such public enterprises brings with it a three‐fold impact. Ideologically, it reflects a trend toward greater centralization of decision making; administratively, it creates problems of interbureaucratic conflict and duplication and projects a real need for ongoing evaluation; in terms of human resource development, maximum attention should be given to the role of bureaucracies in creating new farmer leadership material and greater farmer involvement. This role has been completely neglected in the past.RÉSUMÉCet article examine l'hypothèse que l'importance croissante de l'entreprise publique dans le secteur agricole Malais repréente un choix politique défini et un engagement ldéologique pour l'entreprise publique au détriment de l'entreprise privée et des institutions égalitaires. Cependant, la croissance rapide de telles entreprises publiques a un triple impact. Idéologiquement, elle reflète une tendance vers une centralisation accrue des décisions; administrativement, elle crée des problèmes de conflits inter‐bureaucratiques et de duplication et rend nécessaire une évaluation constante de la situation; en terme de déeloppement des ressources humaines, une attention maximale devrait être portée au role des bureaucraties dans la création d'une nouvelle catégorie dirigeante paysanne et d'un engagement accru des cultivateurs. Ce role a été complètement négligé de par le passé.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Artikel überprüft die Hypothese, daß die zunehmende Bedeutung der öffentlichen Unternehmung im malaysischen Agrarsektor eine klare politische Entscheidung und ideologische Bejahung zugunsten öffentlicher Unternehmungen und zum Nachteil privater Firmen und egalitärer Institutionen bedeutet. Die rasche Zunahme solcher offentlicher Unternehmen bringt jedoch in dreifacher Hinsicht Auswirkungen mit sich. Ideologisch, reflektiert sie eine Tendenz zu stärkerer Zentralisation von Entscheidungen; administrativ, schafft sie Probleme eines innerbürokratischen Konflikts, verdoppelt den Arbeitsaufwand und macht eine fortwährende Bewertung der Situation notwendig; im Sinne der Entwicklung menschlicher Ressourcen sollte der Rolle der Bürokratie bei der Schaffung einer neuen Form der Bauernführerschaft und der Förderung eines wachsenden Engagements der Land‐wirte größere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden. Diese Rolle ist in der Vergangenheit vollständig vernachlässigt worden.
The development of an assessment tool for the bereavement needs of people with learning disabilities
Authors: Blackman Noelle 
Published: August 2008

Accessible summary

Many people with learning disabilities are not well supported when someone close to them dies.
This can make it an even more difficult time than it needs to be.
This is about how staff can help people with learning disabilities when somebody close to them dies. It has some questions for them to think about.

SummaryIt is well documented that the death of a family member can trigger a need for crisis intervention and cause symptoms of complicated grief for people with learning disabilities (Bonell‐Pascual et al. 1999; Dodd et al. 2005; Emerson 1997; Kloeppel & Hollins 1989;MacHale & Carey 2002) This is in part because of the fact that there are often many hidden losses which company the death of a parent or close relative. When these go unrecognised the original grief is compounded and the person is more likely to have difficulties connected to their grief (Blackman 2003). The bereavement needs assessment tool (BNAT) has been developed to help professionals supporting a bereaved person with learning disabilities to make a comprehensive assessment at the point of bereavement (or even pre‐bereavement) in order that concurrent losses are discovered and plans can be put into place as to how to attend to these. An assessment tool has been developed based on experience collected over a number of years of having supported grieving people with mild to moderate learning disabilities. A mixture of learning disability professionals (two psychologists and four learning disability nurses) working in three community teams have tried out the assessment tool and their comments will be used to further refine this tool. The aim of the assessment tool is to clarify the specific bereavement needs of an individual, enabling these to be met. The assessment tool consists of 10 main questions with sub questions. There is a focus on three areas of support: Practical issues – e.g. has this person’s ability to communicate with others been affected by this loss? Social issues – e.g. what impact has this death had on the person’s familial network? Emotional issues – e.g. does this person recognise their emotions and can they express them?
Living with the diagnosis and treatment of leukaemia in a child with Down’s syndrome: a mother’s reflection
Authors: Self Donna 
Published: August 2008

Accessible summary

A few years ago my two year old son developed cancer.
He had treatment in hospital for a long time.
In this article I describe how we coped, as a family, with his illness and treatment.

SummaryIn this article I will discuss the impact of my 2‐year‐old son’s diagnosis and treatment of leukaemia. I will outline the background to being told he had leukaemia before describing the family dynamics that emerged during this time for me, my husband and our other child. My story will focus on managing the practicalities of a long stay in hospital with another child at home, the different roles taken on as a mother and father and the impact on our marital relationship. I’ll then discuss the emotional journey including reflections on feelings of helplessness taking care of a vulnerable child and the wider impact on the family, e.g. guilt regarding my other child and my role in managing the emotions of the extended family. I will conclude the article by the transition to normality for my son and the rest of the family.
Breast cancer screening in women with learning disabilities: current knowledge and considerations
Authors: Willis Diane S , Kennedy Catriona M , Kilbride Lynn 
Published: August 2008

Accessible summaryThis paper looks at what has been written about breast screening in women with learning disabilities. Breast screening checks for lumps in your breast that might be cancer. Breast screening is done in a special clinic and machines are used to take a picture (like an X‐ray) of the breast.The researchers read all the work they could find that had been written on breast screening in women with learning disabilities. They found that:

Fewer women with learning disabilities have breast cancer than other women;
Women with learning disabilities do not go for breast screening as often as other women;
Doctors and other health professionals need to know women with learning disabilities can get breast cancer.

SummaryAs people with learning disabilities now live longer, they will experience the same age‐related illnesses as the general population and cancer is a prime example of this. In women, cancer screening is used to detect early on‐set of cancer of the breast and abnormalities of the cervix which might, if left untreated, develop into cancer. Disappointingly, the literature on cancer screening in women with learning disabilities consistently reports that cancer screening up‐take is lower in this population compared to women in the general population. This paper presents a review of 35 articles relating to breast cancer, breast cancer screening and breast awareness in women with learning disabilities. Relevant papers and book chapters were located by searching a number of databases and undertaking hand searches, and includes publications from 1997 to 2007. The studies located ranged from localised health initiatives to improve breast awareness and breast screening up‐take, to population studies. Although more is being published on cancer in people with learning disabilities there is still a paucity of literature on breast screening amongst women with learning disabilities. This review therefore, up‐dates current knowledge on breast cancer incidence and breast awareness whilst critically reviewing studies specifically focusing on breast screening in women with learning disabilities.
How Legitimate is the Open Method of Co‐ordination?*
Authors: BÜCHS MILENA 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis article argues that the OMC's legitimacy can be improved only by strengthening parliamentary channels of input‐legitimacy since output‐legitimacy alone is inappropriate and cannot be achieved without input‐legitimacy. In addition, concepts and practices of direct ‘stakeholder’ participation currently applied within the OMC are insufficient in strengthening input‐legitimacy.
Transradial Intervention of Iliac and Superficial Femoral Artery Disease is Feasible
Authors: SANGHVI KINTUR , KURIAN DAMIAN , COPPOLA JOHN 
Published: August 2008

Background: Percutaneous intervention of iliac artery (IA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease is often performed via ipsilateral or contralateral femoral access. However, this approach may be difficult in patients with severe iliac or common femoral artery atherosclerosis, morbid obesity, or conditions prohibiting prolonged bed rest. Percutaneous transradial coronary intervention has gained popularity due to the low frequency of access site complications, early ambulation, and perhaps cost savings with early discharge. Transradial intervention (TRI) of IA and SFA disease has been previously described only in anecdotal case reports.
Methods: Out of 159 patients who underwent IA and SFA intervention, 15 had their intervention attempted via the radial artery. TRI was attempted at the operator's discretion for one of the following reasons: absent femoral pulses, severe bilateral IA disease, obesity, or conditions prohibiting prolonged supine rest. Clinical and procedural characteristics were collected retrospectively.
Results: Fourteen patients (93%) had successful intervention completed through the transradial approach. One patient needing an intervention of the distal SFA was converted to contralateral femoral approach because of the inadequate stent shaft length. Eighteen IA lesions and six SFA lesions were treated successfully with a good final angiographic result via a 6 FR radial access system. The ankle brachial index improved from a mean of 0.66 to 0.93. None of the patients had any procedural or access site–related complications.
Conclusions: TRI is a feasible and safe alternative for percutaneous treatment of IA and SFA disease in carefully selected patients.
Major Adverse Noncardiac Events after PCI as Predictors of Long‐Term Mortality
Authors: HARJAI KISHORE , SHENOY CHETAN , RAIZADA AMOL , ESWARAN MANIVEL , ACHARJI SUBASIT , SATTUR SUDHAKAR , ORSHAW PAMELA , DEVARAKONDA SRINIVAS 
Published: August 2008

Background: Studies of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) routinely report major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but not major adverse noncardiac events (MANE) after PCI. MANE, such as post‐PCI bleeding and contrast nephropathy, adversely influence survival, but are not recognized as a standard composite of complications. We assessed the feasibility and prognostic utility of deriving a composite of MANE.
Methods: In 985 consecutive patients who underwent PCI, we estimated the incidence and prognostic impact of in‐hospital MACE (myocardial infarction [MI] target vessel revascularization, or stroke) and MANE (defined as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction [TIMI], bleeding [major or minor], or contrast nephropathy) and their impact on long‐term survival.
Results: The incidence of MANE was >6‐fold greater than MACE (9.5% vs 1.5%). Independent correlates of MANE included age, female gender, peripheral vascular disease, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and use of an intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) during PCI. Of 973 patients who survived the index hospitalization, death occurred in 169
(17%) at a median follow‐up of 4.0 years. MANE (but not MACE) showed a significant relation with survival; 34 of 85 patients with MANE compared to 135 of 888 patients without MANE died during follow‐up (40% vs 15%, log‐rank P < 0.0001). After adjustment for several baseline clinical features, the occurrence of MANE was independently associated with a significant increase in long‐term mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [HR]= 1.72, CI = 1.05–2.83) and myocardial infarction (adjusted HR = 3.43, CI = 1.55–7.58).
Conclusions: After PCI, MANE are common and carry grave long‐term prognostic significance. Our findings emphasize the need to monitor and report MANE, in addition to MACE, in PCI‐related trials.
High‐density lipoprotein exerts vasculoprotection via endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Petoumenos Vasileios , Nickenig Georg , Werner Nikos 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEndothelial progenitor cells (EPC) enhance endothelial cell repair, improve endothelial dysfunction and are a predictor for cardiovascular mortality. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels inversely correlate with cardiovascular events and have vasculoprotective effects. Here we postulate that HDL influences EPC biology. HDL and EPC were isolated according to standard procedures. Differentiation of mononuclear cells into DiLDL/lectin positive cells was enhanced after HDL treatment compared to vehicle. HDL was able to inhibit apoptosis (TUNEL assay, annexin V staining) while proliferation (BrdU incorporation) of early outgrowth colonies after extended cell cultivation (14 days) was increased. Flow chamber experiments revealed an improved adhesion of HDL pre‐incubated EPC on human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) compared to vehicle while HDL treatment of HCAEC prevented adhesion of inflammatory cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated an up‐regulation of β2‐ and α4‐integrins on HDL pre‐incubated EPC. Blocking experiments revealed a unique role of β2‐integrin in EPC adhesion. Treatment of wild‐type mice with recombinant HDL after endothelial denudation resulted in enhanced re‐endothelialization compared to vehicle. Finally, in patients with coronary artery disease a correlation between circulating EPC and HDL concentrations was demonstrated. We provide evidence that HDL mediates important vasculoprotective action via the improvement of function of circulating EPC.
Fracture force of tooth–tooth‐ and implant–tooth‐supported all‐ceramic fixed partial dentures using titanium vs. customised zirconia implant abutments
Authors: Kolbeck Carola , Behr Michael , Rosentritt Martin , Handel Gerhard 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectives: Tooth‐coloured customised implant abutments and full ceramic supraconstructions thereon can be made of zirconia by computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM). The aim of this study was to examine the potential limits of zirconia three‐unit fixed partial dentures made on customised zirconia implant abutments in implant‐tooth supported cases.Material and methods: Rigidly mounted implants (XiVE‐S diameter 3.8 mm; length 11 mm; Friadent, Germany) were placed in PMMA‐moulds pairwise with human molars at a distance of 10 mm in groups #1 and #2. Control group #3 consisted of two molars without implant involvement. Beforehand all molar roots were covered with polyether (Impregum: 3 M Espe, Germany) to simulate periodontal mobility. The abutments in #1 were individually fabricated from CerconBase and luted on experimental titanium bases (both: DeguDent, Germany). In #2, industrially prefabricated titanium abutments (Friadent) were used. All molar teeth were provided with a circumferential chamfer preparation. Three‐unit fixed partial dentures were fabricated from CerconBase/CerconKiss in a CAM‐process (Material/devices: DeguDent) for all test groups (n=8/group). All fixed partial dentures were cemented with RelyXUnicem (3 M Espe), thermomechanically loaded (TCML=1.2 × 106× 50 N; 6000 × 5°/55°) and fracture tested in a Universal Test Machine (UTM 1446: Zwick, Germany).Results: None of the dentures failed during TCML, and the Cercon abutments showed no damage either to the bonding surface to titanium or to the ceramic itself. Two fixation screws in group #1 broke towards the end of TCML. Fracture test result (Median and 25‐/75‐Percentiles) were: #1 1190 (1046/2008), #2 991 (832/1402), #3 1331 (1224/1428).Conclusions: All restoration alternatives showed sufficient fracture resistance for posterior regions.
Bone healing in critical‐size defects treated with platelet‐rich plasma activated by two different methods. A histologic and histometric study in rat calvaria
Authors: Messora M. R. , Nagata M. J. H. , Dornelles R. C. M. , Bomfim S. R. M. , Furlaneto F. A. C. , De Melo L. G. N. , Deliberador T. M. , Bosco A. F. , Garcia V. G. , Fucini S. E. 
Published: August 2008

Background and Objective:  The purpose of this study was to analyze histologically the influence of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) coagulated with two different activators on bone healing in surgically created critical‐size defects (CSD) in rat calvaria.Material and Methods:  Forty‐eight rats were divided into three groups: C, PRP‐C and PRP‐T. An 8 mm diameter CSD was created in the calvarium of each animal. In group C, the defect was filled by a blood clot only. In groups PRP‐C and PRP‐T, the defect was filled with PRP activated with either calcium chloride or thromboplastin solution, respectively. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 8 per subgroup) and killed at either 4 or 12 weeks postoperatively. Histologic and histometric analyses were performed. The amount of new bone formed was calculated as a percentage of the total area of the original defect. Percentage data were transformed into arccosine for statistical analysis (analysis of variance, Tukey’s post hoc test, p < 0.05).Results:  No defect completely regenerated with bone. Group PRP‐C had a statistically greater amount of bone formation than groups C and PRP‐T at both time points of analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups C and PRP‐T.Conclusion:  It can be concluded that the type of activator used to initiate PRP clot formation influences its biological effect on bone healing in CSD in rat calvaria.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The Increase in Metallothionein and Ectopic Decidual Immunoreactivity with Respect to the Progression of Labor at Term and the Lack of Analogical Changes in Placental Abruption
Authors: Galazka Krystyna , Pitynski Kazimierz , Skret‐Magierlo Joanna , Mach Pawel , Knafel Anna , Sikora Jerzy , Niemiec Tomasz , Dobrogowski Jan , Basta Anotni , Wicherek Lukasz 
Published: August 2008

Problem The coexistence of immune and decidual cells is related to the development of a resistance to immune‐mediated apoptosis in both ectopic and eutopic decidua. This unique feature of endometrial cells seems to be linked with the expression of metallothionein (MT), an inhibitor of apoptosis.Method of study The MT immunoreactivity level was assessed in 82 eutopic (CC) and ectopic (cesarean scar deciduosis – CSD) decidual tissue samples obtained from patients during cesarean sections at term and from patients on whom cesarean sections were performed on account of placental abruption (PA).Result Statistically, significantly higher levels of MT immunoreactivity were found in eutopic and ectopic decidua sampled during cesarean sections performed on patients with advanced labor when compared to the levels found in tissues sampled during cesarean sections on patients without labor. No differences were observed in the MT immunoreactivity levels in decidual tissue samples derived from patients who had undergone cesarean sections on account of PA with respect to the progression of labor at the time of the surgical procedure. Statistically, the decidual MT immunoreactivity levels were significantly higher in the PA than the CC subgroups and in the PA than the CSD subgroups correlating with the stage of labor.Conclusion MT in decidual cells seems to be responsible for the proper coexistence between decidual cells and activated immune cells that infiltrate both eutopic and ectopic decidua during cesarean section and PA.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The Single‐Shot GnRH Immunocontraceptive Vaccine (GonaCon™) in White‐Tailed Deer: Comparison of Several GnRH Preparations
Authors: Miller Lowell A. , Gionfriddo James P. , Fagerstone Kathleen A. , Rhyan Jack C. , Killian Gary J. 
Published: August 2008

Problem  An effective, single‐injection, multi‐year, GnRH contraceptive agent is needed to control reproduction in overabundant white‐tailed deer populations.Method of study  Two GnRH conjugates, GonaCon™ (GnRH–KLH) and GonaCon‐B™ (GnRH–blue protein), were prepared in emulsion form as one‐injection and two‐injection immunocontraceptive vaccine formulations. In addition, the GnRH–KLH protein conjugate was lyophilized and suspended in AdjuVac™ adjuvant to produce a fifth vaccine formulation. Each formulation was administered to a group of five captive adult female white‐tailed deer. Reproductive performance of treated female deer was monitored for 5 years to determine the comparative efficacy of the various treatments.Results  The longevity of the contraceptive response (2–5 years) was strongly influenced by the design of the conjugate antigen, the adjuvant used, and the delivery form of the vaccine.Conclusion  One‐injection and two‐injection formulations of GonaCon™ and GonaCon‐B™ produced multi‐year contraception in adult female white‐tailed deer. GonaCon‐B™ provided a longer lasting contraceptive effect.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Duration of Intralipid’s Suppressive Effect on NK Cell’s Functional Activity
Authors: Roussev Roumen G. , Acacio Brian , Ng Siu C. , Coulam Carolyn B. 
Published: August 2008

Background  In vitro investigations have revealed the ability of intralipids to suppress natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity. Evidence from both animal and human studies suggests that intralipid administered intravenously may enhance implantation and maintenance of pregnancy when the patient has an abnormal NK cell level or function.Problem  The aim of this study was to establish the duration and efficacy of Intralipids suppressive effect on NK cell functional activity.Method of study  Fifty patients with abnormal NK activity results (NKa) received intralipid 20% i.v. (9 mg/mL total blood volume ‐corresponds to 2 mL of intralipid 20% diluted in 250 mL saline; or 18 mg/mL – corresponds to 4 mL of intralipid 20% diluted in 250 mL saline) infusions and their NKa were tested periodically. The determination of NK cell function was performed by flow cytometry using K562 cells as targets.Results  Fifty women with abnormal NKa‐testing received intralipid infusions. 39 (78%) showed NKa suppression within the normal range the first week after infusion, 11 (22%), showed suppression, but still above the normal threshold. They received second infusion 2–3 weeks later. In 10, the Nka activity was normalized the following week. Four patients had three intralipid infusions in 2‐week periods in between and after the third infusion, and all showed NKa normal activity. In 47 patients the suppressive effect of the Intralipid after the normalization of NKa lasted between 6 and 9 weeks, in two patients this benefit lasted 5 weeks, and in one patient the effect was 4 weeks.Conclusion  Intralipid is effective in suppressing in vivo abnormal NK‐cell functional activity. The results suggest that Intralipid can be used successfully as a therapeutic option to modulate abnormal NK activity in women with reproductive failure.