bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Alasan Penggunaan Lensa Kontak pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran
Authors: Bagy Ryanaldi , Supit Wenny P. , Manoppo Rillya D. P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Despite being aware of the complications associated with contact lens and the practice of hygienic contact lens wear, many medical faculty students still wear contact lenses. This study aimed to obtain the reasons of contact lens wear among medical faculty students. This was a quantitative and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design conducted through total sampling. Respondents were students at Medical Faculty of Universitas Sam Ratulangi that wore contact lens. A total of 83 respondents participated in this study. Based on age groups, there was a tendency for differences in reasons related to ease of access. Based on gender, there was a tendency for differences in cosmetic reasons and the perception that wearing contact lenses were more comfortable than glasses. Overall, the reasons for the respondents to use contact lenses revolved around correction of refractive disorders, cosmetic purposes, and as a substitute for glasses. In conclusion, respondents' reasons for wearing contact lenses tend to be related to correcting refractive disorders, cosmetic purposes, and as a substitute for glasses.
Keywords: reasons; contact lens wearers; medical faculty students

Abstrak: Jumlah mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran yang menggunakan lensa kontak relatif banyak walaupun mahasiswa telah mengetahui komplikasi penggunaan lensa kontak dan praktik penggunaan lensa kontak yang higenis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan alasan penggunaan lensa kontak pada mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran. Jenis penelitian ialah kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian diperoleh dengan total sampling. Responden penelitian ialah mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi (FK Unsrat) yang menggunakan lensa kontak. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 83 mahasiswa FK Unsrat sebagai responden penelitian. Berdasarkan kelompok usia, terdapat kecenderungan perbedaan pada alasan kemudahan akses. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, terdapat kecenderungan perbedaan pada alasan kosmetik dan alasan lensa kontak lebih nyaman daripada kacamata. Secara keseluruhan, alasan mahasiswa FK Unsrat untuk menggunakan lensa kontak cenderung pada alasan untuk mengoreksi gangguan refraksi, kosmetik, dan sebagai pengganti kacamata. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah alasan responden untuk menggunakan lensa kontak cenderung untuk mengoreksi gangguan refraksi, kosmetik, dan sebagai pengganti kacamata.
Kata kunci: alasan; pengguna lensa kontak; mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran
Fabrication of engineered microplastics in an epoxy-based polymer (SU-8) by means of penetrating protons
Authors: Puttaraksa Nitipon , Kosumsupamala Kunpisit , Seki Hironori , Nagasawa Sumito , Nishikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Engineered microplastics are vital mimics of natural microplastics for application in many research areas aimed at solving environmental pollution. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of engineered microplastics using 1 MeV protons with a full penetration depth to effectively detach engineered microplastics from a substrate. The microplastic patterns in this work were made in an epoxy-based polymer (SU-8) spin-coated on a silicon (Si) substrate by employing a proton beam writing technique at the Shibaura Institute of Technology. It was found that the SU-8 microplastic was efficiently detached from the Si substrate. This fabrication approach also enables the SU-8 microplastic to be stored on the Si substrate before use.
PENGARUH INTENSITAS ASET TETAP DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE
Authors: Darma Sapta Setia , Afrilia Meta 
Published: February 2024

Abstrak
Penghindaran pajak (Tax Avoidance) merupakan hambatan-hambatan yang terjadi dalam pemungutan pajak sehingga mengakibatkan berkurangnya penerimaan kas negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ukuran perusahaan dan intensitas asset tetap terhadap tax avoidance pada perusahaan sektor property dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2018 – 2022. Teknik pemilihan sampel yang digunakan adalah puposive sampling dan diperoleh 12 perusahaan sektor property dan real estate yang terdaftar di BEI periode tahun 2018-2022, sehingga total sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 60 sampel. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel dengan menggunakan Eviews Versi 12. Secara parsial, variabel ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance sedangkan variabel intensitas asset tetap tidak berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance. Secara simultan variabel ukuran perusahaan dan variabel intensitas asset tetap berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance.
The Effectiveness of Cakram Media on Increasing Marriage Age Maturity Knowledge in Young Women
Authors: Yulyana Nispi , Destariyani Elvi 
Published: February 2024

Pernikahan usia 7-15 tahun di provinsi Bengkulu sebanyak 8.81%. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektifitas media cakram terhadap peningkatkan pengetahuan pendewasaan usia perkawinan. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain pre-experimental dengan dua grup pre tes dan post tes. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa di SMA Kota Bengkulu, dengan sampel sebanyak 60 orang. Intervensi dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali selama 6 minggu. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan signifikan media cakram dan media power point terhadap peningkatan pengetahun pendewsaan usia perkawinan (p value < 0,0001, α = 0,05 (p < α). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media cakram efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang pendewasaan usia perkawinan
Culm Density and Biomass Variation across Forest Type and Age Gradient of Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro, in north-western Ethiopia
Authors: Tesema Habtamu Achenef , Alemayehu Asabeneh , Belay Beyene 
Published: February 2024

Lowland bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) forest resources are most promising in Northwestern Ethiopia. The area's surrounding bamboo forest is significant both environmentally, economically, and socially. Nonetheless, no particular research has been done to ascertain the differences in biomass for the various sections of bamboo in both plantations and natural bamboo stands. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the culm density and biomass variation across forest type and age gradients of Oxytenanthera abyssinica stand in Pawe, northwestern Ethiopia. One hundred eight (108) bamboo culms (54 from the plantations and 54 from the natural bamboo stands) were sampled destructively. After that, each of the specimens was divided into three sections (leaf, branch, and culm). The fresh weight of the sample and the total fresh weight of each portion were ascertained instantly. Then, samples were brought to the testing center for dry weight analysis, bundled in a paper bag. The data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis employing R software. As the result showed, the mean height and diameter for the plantation stand ranged between 9, 13.2 m, 3.4 cm, and 6.4 cm, respectively, and the natural bamboo forest has mean height and diameter ranging between 6.35 and 12 m and 2.0 and 4.4 cm, respectively. The mean density of 0.51 g/cm3 for plantations and 0.41 g/cm3 for natural bamboo forests was recorded. Compared to natural forests, managed bamboo forests (stands) exhibit an increase of 17% in overall biomass production. While density rose with age, the medium-aged bamboo group in both forest types accumulated more above-ground biomass than the younger and older age groups
The effect of noninstrumental information on reward learning
Authors: Embrey Jake R. , Li Amy X. , Liew Shi Xian , Newell Ben R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInvestigations of information-seeking often highlight people’s tendency to forgo financial reward in return for advance information about future outcomes. Most of these experiments use tasks in which reward contingencies are described to participants. The use of such descriptions leaves open the question of whether the opportunity to obtain such noninstrumental information influences people’s ability to learn and represent the underlying reward structure of an experimental environment. In two experiments, participants completed a two-armed bandit task with monetary incentives where reward contingencies were learned via trial-by-trial experience. We find, akin to description-based tasks, that participants are willing to forgo financial reward to receive information about a delayed, unchangeable outcome. Crucially, however, there is little evidence this willingness to pay for information is driven by an inaccurate representation of the reward structure: participants’ representations approximated the underlying reward structure regardless of the presence of advance noninstrumental information. The results extend previous conclusions regarding the intrinsic value of information to an experience-based domain and highlight challenges of probing participants’ memories for experienced rewards.
Formation of Unipolar Outflow and Protostellar Rocket Effect in Magnetized Turbulent Molecular Cloud Cores
Authors: Takaishi 髙石 Daisuke 大輔 , Tsukamoto 塚本 Yusuke 裕介 , Kido 城戸 Miyu 未宇 , Takakuwa 髙桑 Shigehisa 繁久 , Misugi 三杉 Yoshiaki 佳明 , Kudoh 工藤 Yuki 祐己 , Suto 須藤 Yasushi 靖 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Observed protostellar outflows exhibit a variety of asymmetrical features, including remarkable unipolar outflows and bending outflows. Revealing the formation and early evolution of such asymmetrical protostellar outflows, especially the unipolar outflows, is essential for a better understanding of the star and planet formation because they can dramatically change the mass accretion and angular momentum transport to the protostars and protoplanetary disks. Here we perform three-dimensional nonideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations to investigate the formation and early evolution of the asymmetrical protostellar outflows in magnetized turbulent isolated molecular cloud cores. We find, for the first time to our knowledge, that the unipolar outflow forms even in the single low-mass protostellar system. The results show that the unipolar outflow is driven in the weakly magnetized cloud cores with the dimensionless mass-to-flux ratios of μ = 8 and 16. Furthermore, we find the protostellar rocket effect of the unipolar outflow, which is similar to the launch and propulsion of a rocket. The unipolar outflow ejects the protostellar system from the central dense region to the outer region of the parent cloud core, and the ram pressure caused by its ejection suppresses the driving of additional new outflows. In contrast, the bending bipolar outflow is driven in the moderately magnetized cloud core with μ = 4. The ratio of the magnetic to turbulent energies of a parent cloud core may play a key role in the formation of asymmetrical protostellar outflows.
Advancing Solar Magnetic Field Extrapolations through Multiheight Magnetic Field Measurements
Authors: Jarolim Robert , Tremblay Benoit , Rempel Matthias , Molnar Momchil , Veronig Astrid M. , Thalmann Julia K. , Podladchikova Tatiana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nonlinear force-free extrapolations are a common approach to estimate the 3D topology of coronal magnetic fields based on photospheric vector magnetograms. The force-free assumption is a valid approximation at coronal heights, but for the dense plasma conditions in the lower atmosphere, this assumption is not satisfied. In this study, we utilize multiheight magnetic field measurements in combination with physics-informed neural networks to advance solar magnetic field extrapolations. We include a flexible height-mapping, which allows us to account for the different formation heights of the observed magnetic field measurements. The comparison to analytical and simulated magnetic fields demonstrates that including chromospheric magnetic field measurements leads to a significant improvement of our magnetic field extrapolations. We also apply our method to chromospheric line-of-sight magnetograms from the Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) on the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) observatory, in combination with photospheric vector magnetograms from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The comparison to observations in extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths shows that the additional chromospheric information leads to a better agreement with the observed coronal structures. In addition, our method intrinsically provides an estimate of the corrugation of the observed magnetograms. With this new approach, we make efficient use of multiheight magnetic field measurements and advance the realism of coronal magnetic field simulations.
Role of Planetary Radius on Atmospheric Escape of Rocky Exoplanets
Authors: Chin Laura , Dong Chuanfei , Lingam Manasvi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Large-scale characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres is on the horizon, thereby making it possible in the future to extract their statistical properties. In this context, by using a well-validated model in the solar system, we carry out 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations to compute nonthermal atmospheric ion escape rates of unmagnetized rocky exoplanets as a function of their radius based on fixed stellar radiation and wind conditions. We find that the atmospheric escape rate is, unexpectedly and strikingly, a nonmonotonic function of the planetary radius R and that it evinces a maximum at R ∼ 0.7 R
⊕. This novel nonmonotonic behavior may arise from an intricate trade-off between the cross-sectional area of a planet (which increases with size, boosting escape rates) and its associated escape velocity (which also increases with size but diminishes escape rates). Our results could guide forthcoming observations because worlds with certain values of R (such as R ∼ 0.7 R
⊕) might exhibit comparatively higher escape rates when all other factors are constant.
Restoration of the Tully–Fisher Relation by Statistical Rectification
Authors: Fu Hai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
I employ the Lucy rectification algorithm to recover the inclination-corrected distribution of local disk galaxies in the plane of absolute magnitude (M

i
) and H i velocity width (W
20). By considering the inclination angle as a random variable with a known probability distribution, the novel approach eliminates one major source of uncertainty in studies of the Tully–Fisher relation: inclination angle estimation from axial ratio. Leveraging the statistical strength derived from the entire sample of 28,264 H i-selected disk galaxies at z < 0.06 from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey, I show that the restored distribution follows a sharp correlation that is approximately a power law between −16 > M

i
> −22:

M

i

=

M

0

−
2.5
β

[
log
(

W

20

/

250
km

/

s
)
]

, with M
0 = −19.77± 0.04 and β = 4.39 ± 0.06. At the brighter end (M

i
< −22), the slope of the correlation decreases to β ≈ 3.3, confirming previous results. Because the method accounts for measurement errors, the intrinsic dispersion of the correlation is directly measured:

σ
(
log

W

20

)
≈
0.06

dex between −17 > M

i
> −23, while σ(M

i
) decreases from ∼0.8 in slow rotators to ∼0.4 in fast rotators. The statistical rectification method holds significant potential, especially in the studies of intermediate-to-high-redshift samples, where limited spatial resolution hinders precise measurements of inclination angles.
An Upper Limit to Differential Magnification Effects in Strongly Gravitationally Lensed Galaxies
Authors: Serjeant Stephen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Differential magnification is now well-known to distort the spectral energy distributions of strongly gravitationally lensed galaxies. However, that does not mean that any distortions are possible. Here I prove an analytic upper bound to differential magnification effects. For example, a thermal or sub-thermal CO ladder cannot be made to appear super-thermal just from gravitational lensing, and the Balmer decrement emission line ratio Hα:Hβ cannot reduce below the case B prediction just from differential magnification. In general, if a physical model of a galaxy predicts upper and/or lower bounds to an emission line ratio, then those bounds also apply to the differentially magnified strongly gravitationally lensed case. This applies not just for velocity-integrated emission lines, but also for the line emission in any rest-frame velocity interval.
OPTIMIZATION OF VISUAL COMFORT IN OFFICE SPACE BASED ON STOCHASTIC SHADE ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Yijie Zhang , Jian Yao 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The visual comfort of building occupants may be directly affected by stochastic modulation of shading. In this paper, simulations combined with statistical analysis were used to investigate and evaluate the visual comfort of different seating positions in an office. The dynamic daylighting indicators (UDI, DGP, sDA, and ASE) were used to analyze the visual comfort within an office. The main findings show the following: (1) The DGP and ASE metrics show that the probability of glare in positions near windows is not always the highest. The influence of line-of-sight direction should also be considered. (2) By running 50 simulations, the average value of sDA300/50% was 0.97, and the average value of ASE1000/250 was 11.4%. This shows that the office has good daylighting quality. (3) The optimal visual comfort positions were determined based on four indicators, and alternative options for different indoor occupant preferences were provided. The research results of this paper aim to provide references for the improvement of visual comfort of office occupants.
HOW DIFFERENT TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE AFFECT THE ENERGY-SAVING INTENTION OF COLLEGE STUDENTS—EVIDENCE FROM EYE-TRACKING EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Xing Menglin , Luo Xi , Liu Xiaojun , Li Na 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
As one of the means to promote college students’ energy-saving intention, knowledge education has received significant attention. However, the effects of different types of knowledge need to be explored in depth. Knowledge was classified from two dimensions in this paper: direct/specific and instrumental/emancipatory. Then, an eye-tracking experiment was used to explore the effects of different types of knowledge. Experimental groups were divided according to the types of knowledge. After knowledge education, the change degree of energy-saving intention and activation degree of reference points were recorded. Then, correlation and difference tests were used to analyze the data. The results show the following: First, based on the dimension of emancipatory and instrumental, adding the dimension of directional and specific is conducive to distinguishing the impact of knowledge on energy-saving intention. Second, the specific-instrumental knowledge leads to a positive intention the most obviously, while the specific-emancipatory the least. Thirdly, the activation degree of positive and negative reference points can be used to reflect the improvement of energy-saving intention.
SUSTAINABLE RETROFITTING STRATEGIES FOR CULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT BRUTALIST BUILDINGS: ENERGY-EFFICIENT STRATEGIES FOR A HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX IN SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Milosevic Suncica , Aksamija Ajla 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
This research investigated energy-efficient (EE) retrofit strategies for a historically and culturally significant residential building complex, located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The objective was to evaluate existing building performance and propose delicate, EE retrofit strategies while preserving the original design character. The overarching objective was to demonstrate a framework through which historically and culturally significant buildings can be investigated for EE retrofitting. Using original construction drawings and current photographs, a 3D BIM model of a typical residential building was developed for analysis and energy simulations. Next, using Revit and Insight 360 simulations, the building's response to environmental conditions was evaluated. Thermal behavior and moisture resistance performance of typical facade systems were evaluated using WINDOW, THERM, and WUFI simulations. Lastly, a full-building energy model was developed in IES-VE software to simulate full-building performance. Results showed that while the conceptualization of this neighborhood paid careful attention to social and environmental factors and had implemented some of the most advanced passive and active technologies of that time, a typical residential building generally underperformed in all evaluated criteria. The proposed retrofit strategies, focusing on improving the building enclosure and implementation of EE mechanical systems, achieved 53% energy-use reduction and elimination of fossil-fuel energy sources.
‘The greatest marketplace in the world’The role of Antwerp in the economic and financial network of the Habsburg Empire
Authors: Limberger Michael 
Published: February 2024

The city of Antwerp played a crucial role in the history of the Habsburg Empire of Charles V as a distribution center of long-distance trade, where colonial products, such as sugar, spices and precious metals were exchanged against textiles and a broad variety of luxury commodities. At the same time it was of great importance as a financial center, where the emperor could find the necessary credit for its ambitious political plans. Antwerp had a long tradition as port city as well as a center of fairs, but it was at the onset of the sixteenth century, that it christallized as the meeting point of the leading commercial actors of the moment, the Portuguese, who had just discovered the maritime route to India, the Southern Germans, with the precious metals they imported from the Alps and Central Europe, the English with their cloth, together with Spaniards, Italians and many others. During its Golden Age, Antwerp became a thriving metropolis, of more than 100 000 inhabitants, thousands of merchants, both foreign and local, artisans, and numerous outstanding artists and intellectuals. The municipal government made great efforts to provide the city with an adequate infrastructure, both in terms of architecture, by building new city walls or port infrastructure, as well as in terms of commercial institutions. The splendor of Antwerp was such that many contemporaries spoke of it in utmost admiration. However the religious and political conflicts of the late sixteenth century brought its Golden Age to a sudden end, only few years after reaching its apogee. As a result of the Dutch Revolt, many merchants left Antwerp, the city lost almost half its population and its commerce declined. In the seventeenth- and eighteenth century, Antwerp remained a port city with a considerable commercial and financial activity, but it would in no way equal places such as Amsterdam and London.
Langues orientales et réseaux orientalistes à Vienne au xvie siècle
Authors: Roche Clarisse 
Published: February 2024

Vienne s’imposa au cours du xvie siècle comme un centre d’études et d’impression des langues orientales en Europe à côté de cités telles que Venise, Rome ou Tübingen. Sous les auspices de Ferdinand Ier (1521-1564) puis Maximilien II (1564-1576), les études orientales s’épanouirent à l’Université grâce aux enseignements et projets éditoriaux d’un réseau d’orientalistes circulant à travers l’Europe, voire l’Empire ottoman. Alors qu’il devenait plus difficile de mener à bien certains projets orientalistes en Italie, les princes Habsbourg promurent les travaux et enseignements de Johann Albrecht Widmanstetter (1506-1557), Guillaume Postel (1510-1581) et Paulus Weidner (c. 1525-1585) dans leur ville de résidence. Ces humanistes de renom purent non seulement y donner libre cours à leurs spéculations mais encore proposer différents projets de concorde chrétienne qui participaient de la volonté princière de reconstituer l’unité chrétienne sous l’égide impériale.