bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of mothers living with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Backman Catherine L. , Smith Linda del Fabro , Smith Sharon , Montie Pamela L. , Suto Melinda 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the impact of chronic, inflammatory arthritis on parenting and to develop a conceptual framework for subsequent study of mothering.MethodsA qualitative, grounded theory design guided data collection and analysis. In‐depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 women with either rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus who were mothers of at least 1 child living at home. Transcripts were analyzed using a systematic approach of coding and forming concepts and key categories to construct an explanatory framework. Peer checking and member checking enhanced analytical rigor.ResultsAnalysis of participants' experiences resulted in 4 interrelated categories describing the impact of arthritis on their role as mothers: participation in mothering tasks, best described as “sometimes I can, sometimes I can't”; different types and levels of support from others; the influence of the mother's arthritis on the family; and the challenge of balancing energy and fatigue. Individuals' arthritis story, life stage, their children's developmental stage, and daily routine described the context in which mothers experienced elements of each of the 4 main categories.ConclusionInflammatory arthritis has a dramatic impact on the experience of motherhood, with both positive and negative influences. The perspectives shared by study participants may inform practice regarding problem identification and adaptive strategies, and the explanatory model generated from the data proposes hypotheses for further study.
Predictors of depression in a sample of 1,021 primary care patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Rosemann Thomas , Backenstrass Matthias , Joest Katharina , Rosemann Andrea , Szecsenyi Joachim , Laux Gunter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveAlthough there is a strong relationship between depression, chronic pain, and physical activity, there are few findings regarding the prevalence and predictors of depression in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The goal of the present study was to assess the prevalence and severity of depression in a large sample of patients with OA and to reveal predictors of depression.MethodsPatients were approached consecutively in 75 general practices. Of 1,250 distributed questionnaires, 1,021 were returned and analyzed. Besides sociodemographic data, medication and comorbidities, depression, and arthritis were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) and the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with the PHQ‐9 score as the dependent variable was performed.ResultsOn the PHQ‐9, 19.76% of men and 19.16% of women achieved a score of ≥15, indicating at least a moderately severe depression. Significant sex differences could not be revealed. The strongest predictor for depression severity was perceived pain (β = 0.243, P < 0.001) and few social contacts (β = 0.218, P < 0.001). Further predictors were physical limitation of the lower body (β = 0.157, P < 0.001) and upper body (β = 0.163, P < 0.001), age (β = −0.168, P < 0.001), and body mass index (β = 0.080, P = 0.020).ConclusionThese findings suggest an increased prevalence of depression among patients with OA and emphasize the need for recognition and appropriate treatment. Most of the revealed predictors are influenceable and should be potential targets in a comprehensive treatment of OA to interrupt the vicious circle of pain, physical limitation, and depression.
A field study characterizing Web‐based information‐seeking tasks
Authors: Kellar Melanie , Watters Carolyn , Shepherd Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have examined various aspects of user behavior on the Web, including general information‐seeking patterns, search engine use, and revisitation habits. Little research has been conducted to study how users navigate and interact with their Web browser across different information‐seeking tasks. We have conducted a field study of 21 participants, in which we logged detailed Web usage and asked participants to provide task categorizations of their Web usage based on the following categories: Fact Finding, Information Gathering, Browsing, and Transactions. We used implicit measures logged during each task session to provide usage measures such as dwell time, number of pages viewed, and the use of specific browser navigation mechanisms. We also report on differences in how participants interacted with their Web browser across the range of information‐seeking tasks. Within each type of task, we found several distinguishing characteristics. In particular, Information Gathering tasks were the most complex; participants spent more time completing this task, viewed more pages, and used the Web browser functions most heavily during this task. The results of this analysis have been used to provide implications for future support of information seeking on the Web as well as direction for future research in this area.
Reactivity Differences between Carbon Nano Onions (CNOs) Prepared by Different Methods
Authors: Palkar Amit , Melin Frederic , Cardona Claudia M. , Elliott Bevan , Naskar Amit K. , Edie Danny D. , Kumbhar Amar , Echegoyen Luis 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe carbon nanoparticles obtained from either arcing of graphite under water or thermal annealing of nanodiamonds are commonly called carbon nano onions (CNOs), or spherical graphite, as they are made of concentric fullerene cages separated by the same distance as the shells of graphite. A more careful analysis reveals some dramatic differences between the particles obtained by these two synthetic methods. Physicochemical methods indicate that the CNOs obtained from nanodiamonds (N‐CNOs) are smaller and contain more defects than the CNOs obtained from arcing (A‐CNOs). These properties explain the enhanced reactivity of the N‐CNOs in cycloaddition and oxidation reactions, as well as in reactions involving radicals. Given the easier functionalization of the N‐CNOs, they are the most obvious choice for studying the potential applications of these multi‐shelled fullerenes.
Qualifizierte Evakuierungsübungen liefern Erkenntnisse, nicht nur für Brandschutzkonzepte
Authors: Meyer Simone 
Published: March 2007

AbstractQualifizierten Evakuierungsübungen ist als Präventivmaßnahme ein beachtlicher Stellenwert beizumessen. Diese Erkenntnis hat sich, möglicherweise auch wegen der zunehmenden Gebäudeautomation, noch nicht sehr verbreitet. Hinzu kommt, dass seitens der Gesetzgebung keine ausdrückliche Pflicht vorgegeben ist. Die Vor‐ und Nachbereitung solcher Übungen bedarf neben einem breit gefächerten Wissensspektrum auch eines hohen Zeitfaktors. Die vorgestellten Beispiele zeigen signifikante Verhaltensmuster und bestätigen, dass der Mensch nicht als steuerbare Einheit der Gebäudeautomation hinzugefügt werden kann.
Praxisbeispiel: Zerstörung und Wiederherstellen des Luftschallschutzes einer Holzbalkendecke
Authors: Haupt Wolfram 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn einem Mietshaus aus der Zeit der vorletzten Jahrhundertwende waren nach von Mietern in Eigenregie durchgeführten Modernisierungsmaßnahmen Probleme mit einer extremen Durchhörbarkeit zwischen zwei übereinander liegenden Wohnungen aufgetreten. Da die Ertüchtigung der Trenndecke durch schnell und unaufwendig umzusetzende Maßnahmen erfolgen sollte und eine Sanierung von oben nicht durchsetzbar war, wurde über eine freitragende Unterdecke versucht, eine Verbesserung herbeizuführen. Im Bereich des Luftschalls gelang dies weitgehend, der Trittschallschutz bleibt hingegen verbesserungswürdig.
Betoninstandsetzung – quo vadis?
Authors: Cziesielski Erich 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird der Mechanismus des Korrosionsvorganges für Bewehrungsstähle im nicht chloridbeanspruchten Beton beschrieben. Daraus folgend werden die Schutzprinzipien entsprechend der Richtlinie des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton dargestellt. Es wird insbesondere auf das Schutzprinzip W eingegangen, das vereinfachend bedeutet, daß durch wärmedämmende Maßnahmen bzw. Beschichtungen auf den korrosionsgeschädigten Betonoberflächen die Bewehrungsstähle vor weiterer Korrosion geschützt werden. Auf die Grenzen der Wirksamkeit von Beschichtungen wird verwiesen.
Extremely high prevalence of DNASE1*1 allele in African populations
Authors: Takeshita Haruo , Fujihara Junko , Soejima Mikiko , Koda Yoshiro , Yasuda Toshihiro , Nakajima Tamiko 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I), designated as DNASE1 (NCBI SNP number; 1053874), in exon 8 (A2317G) has been shown to be associated with liver disease, colorectal carcinoma, and gastric carcinoma in Japanese patients. In this study, we investigated the frequency of the DNASE1 polymorphism in Ghanaian (n = 96) and Xhosa (n = 78) populations and compared the results with those of other studies. The single nucleotide polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis. The frequencies of DNASE1*1 in the Ghanaian and Xhosa populations were 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. These two African populations had an extremely high frequency of DNASE1*1, similar to that of the Ovambos living in Namibia. Caucasians and Asians had a lower frequency of DNASE1*1 than the African groups. This study is the first to reveal an extremely high frequency of DNASE1*1 among African populations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oligospiroketals as Novel Molecular Rods
Authors: Wessig Pablo , Möllnitz Kristian , Eiserbeck Christiane 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA modular approach for the synthesis of molecular rods based on oligospiroketals has been developed. The strategy relies on different terminal and intermediate segments, which are joined by ketal formation between ketones and diols. For this purpose it was necessary to develop a new ketalization method to circumvent some problems related with the established methods. The terminal segments are either derived from 4‐piperidinone or from 4‐oxocyclohexane carboxylic acid whereas the intermediate segments rest on pentaerythritol and cyclohexane‐1,4‐dione. A series of trispiro (14–18), hexaspiro (19) and nonaspiro (20) compounds have been prepared and characterized. From these we realized that it is imperative to use solubility enhancing groups if more than seven rings are joined.
Ensemble‐Docking Approach on BACE‐1: Pharmacophore Perception and Guidelines for Drug Design
Authors: Limongelli Vittorio , Marinelli Luciana , Cosconati Sandro , Braun Hannes A. , Schmidt Boris , Novellino Ettore 
Published: April 2007

Abstractβ‐Secretase (BACE‐1), a key enzyme in the etiopathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer Disease, is the focus of medicinal chemistry efforts both in the pharmaceutical industry and in academia. Despite the availability of diverse peptidomimetic BACE‐1 inhibitors, nonpeptidic compounds suitable for oral delivery and transport across the blood brain barrier are in great demand. Herein, a number of active and structurally diverse inhibitors were selected and subjected to an ensemble‐docking process into five BACE‐1 X‐ray structures. The calculated bioactive conformations of these inhibitors allowed us to build an exhaustive pharmacophore model, which captures both the common geometric and electronic features essential for enzyme inhibition. The model is intended to aid the rational design of new BACE‐1 inhibitors. Furthermore, a comparison of BACE/cathepsin D X‐ray structures was made to provide guidelines for the design of BACE‐selective inhibitors.
Introduction of rituximab in front‐line and salvage therapies has improved outcome of advanced‐stage follicular lymphoma patients
Authors: Sacchi Stefano , Pozzi Samantha , Marcheselli Luigi , Bari Alessia , Luminari Stefano , Angrilli Francesco , Merli Francesco , Vallisa Daniele , Baldini Luca , Brugiatelli Maura 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.It is unclear whether new treatment modalities have improved the survival of follicular lymphoma patients. Some data show that there has been no improvement in survival in the last 3 decades of the 20th century, whereas the results of recent retrospective studies suggest that evolving therapy has improved the outcome for follicular lymphoma patients.METHODS.To evaluate the impact of evolving therapies for follicular lymphoma, particularly the introduction of rituximab, the overall survival (OS), failure‐free survival (FFS), and survival after recurrence (SAR) was analyzed in 438 advanced‐stage follicular lymphoma patients enrolled in consecutive Gruppo Italiano Studio Linfomi (GISL) trials between 1988 and 2004.RESULTS.A stepwise improvement in FFS and a significant reduction in the hazard ratio was observed with succeeding studies. Cox regression analysis showed an improvement over time for OS, with a decline in the hazard ratio particularly evident in the group treated with rituximab. Furthermore, the SAR significantly improved in the group of patients treated with chemotherapy + rituximab.CONCLUSIONS.After adjusting for all parameters with an impact on FFS and OS, the results of multivariate analysis suggest that rituximab therapy has a favorable effect on the prognosis of follicular lymphoma. The data show that FFS and OS have significantly improved in advanced‐stage follicular lymphoma patients treated on GISL protocols during the last 18 years. These improvements are related to evolving front‐line and salvage therapies, particularly the introduction of rituximab in combination with chemotherapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Noradrenergic projections to the song control nucleus area X of the medial striatum in male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Castelino Christina B. , Diekamp Bettina , Ball Gregory F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere is considerable functional evidence implicating norepinephrine in modulating activity in the vocal control circuit of songbirds. However, our knowledge of noradrenergic inputs to the song system is incomplete. In this study, cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) injections into area X revealed projections from the noradrenergic nuclei locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus, and injections of biotinylated dextran amines into these noradrenergic nuclei labeled fibers in area X. The nonreciprocity of this connection was demonstrated by the absence of retrogradely labeled cells in area X following injections of CTB into the locus coeruleus. Additionally, we found novel inputs to area X from the nidopallium and arcopallium, the mesencephalic central gray, and the dorsolateralis anterior (DLL) and posterior (DLP) lateralis in the thalamus. Area X can be clearly distinguished from the surrounding medial striatum based on cytoarchitectural and chemical neuroanatomical criteria. We show here that neuromodulatory inputs to area X however, exhibit a considerable degree of overlap with the surrounding area. This finding suggests that regional specificity in neuromodulator action is most likely afforded by a specialization in receptor density and enzyme distribution rather than projections from the synthesizing nuclei. Our results extend current knowledge about noradrenergic projections to specialized nuclei of the song control circuit and provide neuroanatomical evidence for the functional action of norepinephrine‐modulating context‐dependent ZENK expression in area X. Furthermore, the novel projections to area X from telencephalic and thalamic areas could be new and interesting nodes in the striatopallidothalamic loop spanning the songbird brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:544–562, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling and evaluation of congestion control for different classes of network traffic
Authors: Wang Lan , Min Geyong , Awan Irfan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTraffic congestion has become a crucial problem in wireless networks due to its detrimental effects on the end‐to‐end Quality‐of‐Service (QoS) of mobile users. This issue has posed various challenges to developing effective congestion control mechanisms and devising new performance evaluation tools. Various congestion control schemes have been proposed to support differentiated QoS. Among these schemes, Active Queue Management (AQM) has been recognized as an effective mechanism to manage downlink buffers in wireless networks. Most existing studies on AQM are based on the use of averaged queue length and the related performance analysis is carried out via software simulation. This paper contributes to the development of an analytical performance model for a finite capacity queuing system subject to AQM and multiple traffic classes based on the instantaneous queue length. Expressions for the aggregated and marginal performance metrics including the mean queuing length, packet loss probability, mean waiting time, system throughput, response time, and utilization are analytically derived. The validity of this new model is demonstrated by comparing the analytical results against those obtained from simulation experiments. The analytical model is then used to investigate the effects of varying thresholds on the aggregated and marginal performance metrics under different combinations of arriving rates for multiple traffic classes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallel space‐filling curve generation through sorting
Authors: Luitjens J. , Berzins M. , Henderson T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper we consider the scalability of parallel space‐filling curve generation as implemented through parallel sorting algorithms. Multiple sorting algorithms are studied and results show that space‐filling curves can be generated quickly in parallel on thousands of processors. In addition, performance models are presented that are consistent with measured performance and offer insight into performance on still larger numbers of processors. At large numbers of processors, the scalability of adaptive mesh refined codes depends on the individual components of the adaptive solver. One such component is the dynamic load balancer. In adaptive mesh refined codes, the mesh is constantly changing resulting in load imbalance among the processors requiring a load‐balancing phase. The load balancing may occur often, requiring the load balancer to perform quickly. One common method for dynamic load balancing is to use space‐filling curves. Space‐filling curves, in particular the Hilbert curve, generate good partitions quickly in serial. However, at tens and hundreds of thousands of processors serial generation of space‐filling curves will hinder scalability. In order to avoid this issue we have developed a method that generates space‐filling curves quickly in parallel by reducing the generation to integer sorting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression survey of genes critical for tooth development in the human embryonic tooth germ
Authors: Lin Dahe , Huang Yide , He Fenglei , Gu Shuping , Zhang Guozhong , Chen YiPing , Zhang Yanding 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the developing murine tooth, the expression patterns of numerous regulatory genes have been examined and their roles have begun to be revealed. To unveil the molecular mechanisms that regulate human tooth morphogenesis, we examined the expression patterns of several regulatory genes, including BMP4, FGF8, MSX1, PAX9, PITX2, and SHOX2, and compared them with that found in mice. All of these genes are known to play critical roles in murine tooth development. Our results show that these genes exhibit basically similar expression patterns in the human tooth germ compared with that in the mouse. However, slightly different expression patterns were also observed for some of the genes at certain stages. For example, MSX1 expression was detected in the inner enamel epithelium in addition to the dental mesenchyme at the bell stage of the human tooth. Moreover, FGF8 expression remained in the dental epithelium at the cap stage, while PAX9 and SHOX2 expression was detected in both dental epithelium and mesenchyme of the human tooth germ. Our results indicate that, although slight differences exist in the gene expression patterns, the human and mouse teeth not only share considerable homology in odontogenesis but also use similar underlying molecular networks. Developmental Dynamics 236:1307–1312, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Some observations on the probabilistic interpretation of short‐term earthquake precursors
Authors: Grandori G. , Guagenti E. , Perotti F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper analyses the uncertainties in probabilistic interpretation of short‐term earthquake precursors, even when the statistical information commonly indicated in the literature as sufficient to define the characteristics of these precursors is assumed to be known. The wide margins for uncertainty in the interpretation of such data are pointed out. One of the principal causes of uncertainty, as an example, lies in the physical origin of false alarms. Depending on this physical origin, the conditional probability of an earthquake, other conditions being equal, may vary in certain cases from values around 0–1 to as much as 0–7 or even higher.The utility of an alarm system, defined as the ratio between the mean number of favourable cases (successful alarms) and the mean number of unfavourable cases (false and missed alarms) is analysed. It is shown that an alarm system based on monitoring n ≥ 2 precursors, if the alarm is set off only after a combination of all precursors, may be considerably less useful than a system based on monitoring only one of the considered precursors.
Analytical models for low‐rise buildings with flexible floor diaphragms
Authors: Jain Sudhir K. , Jennings Paul C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe observed behaviour of buildings during earthquakes indicates clearly the importance of the flexibility of floor and roof diaphragms in the response of many structures. This paper presents a new analytical method for the dynamic analysis of some one‐ and two‐storey buildings whose floors may have significant in‐plane flexibility. The method begins by treating the floors as bending beams and the walls as shear beams. The equations of motion and the boundary conditions for the floors and the walls are then formulated in one coordinate system and solved exactly to obtain the characteristic equation for the system, which can be solved numerically to obtain the natural frequencies. These, in turn, can be used to determine the mode shapes of the system and the participation factors for earthquake response. Solutions are given for one‐ and two‐storey buildings that resist lateral loads in the transverse direction by two end walls. Perturbation techniques are also applied to simplify further the determination of the fundamental frequency of such single‐storey structures. To illustrate the method, a two‐storey structure, the Arvin (California) High School Administration Building, damaged in the Kern County earthquake of 1952, has been analysed in its transverse direction. It is seen that the first two modes, dominated by the floor and the roof vibrations, make the largest contributions to the total base shear in the structure.