bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fate of Facultative Pathogenic Microorganisms during and after the Flood of the Elbe and Mulde Rivers in August 2002
Authors: Abraham Wolf‐Rainer , Wenderoth Dirk F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractExtreme precipitation in August 2002 led to the flooding of large areas of the rivers and Mulde in the eastern part of Germany. Furthermore, flooding of villages and towns impacted also the local sewage systems leading to a release of untreated water into the river where high abundances of faecal bacteria might be dangerous. After the retreat of the flood, mud enriched by an unknown degree with facultative pathogenic microorganisms remained. High bacterial cell counts were observed in the cellars of the flooded houses, the playgrounds, and the streets forming a pathogenic reservoir. This is especially important in situations where many persons try to prevent and to repair flood damages. The high cell counts were not observed in open water and in wells implying that the cellars were a special niche for the survival of bacteria. The isolates obtained from media specific for facultative pathogenic bacteria showed a high biodiversity and a surprisingly high degree of multi‐resistances against antibiotics. The origin of these resistances was not the river water because isolates from the Elbe river showed much lower multi‐resistances than those from the flood water. Therefore, the multi‐resistant bacteria are assumed to come from flooded sewage plants or from farms. Our results demand a closer monitoring of the sources of multi‐resistant bacteria during future flooding events to protect humans from infections by multi‐resistant bacteria.
Identification of Organic Pollutants in Waters and Sediments from the Lower Mulde River Area
Authors: Franke Stephan , Heinzel Nicolas , Specht Michael , Francke Wittko 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe flood disaster along the Elbe and Mulde rivers in summer 2002 not only caused acute damage; in addition, it increased the risk of long‐term release of pollutants. The area of the Lower Mulde river, that must be assessed as particularly critical in this context, because of the pollutants and refuse dumps accumulated in the industrial region Bitterfeld‐Wolfen, was examined by GC‐MS non target screening for organic substances in selected samples from groundwaters, river waters and sediment. Directed to the detailed qualitative analysis of the single sample, this approach supplied an overview of existing pollutants in the Lower Mulde river area, as well as knowledge about formerly unidentified organic substances, not covered by monitoring routines and associated with unassessed environmental risks. Newly identified chloroacetals and chlorinated products of formaldehyde‐styrene chemistry may be useful as tracers for transport paths of pollutants, that might have changed in consequence of the flood. Furthermore, the chirality of the compounds provides a means to probe the extent of degradative microbial activity.
Flood Induced Heavy Metal and Arsenic Contamination of Elbe River Floodplain Soils
Authors: Krüger Frank , Meissner Ralph , Gröngröft Alexander , Grunewald Karsten 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAlthough the qualities of the river water and the sediments of the river Elbe have greatly improved over the past twenty years, both the suspended matter and the sediments are still contaminated with heavy metals and arsenic (HM). This contamination exceeds the action values specified in the Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Sites Ordinance (BBodSchV). The status of floodplain soil contamination with HM along the entire German alluvial Elbe was investigated and evaluated, based on former research activities and recently performed analyses after the extreme flood event in August 2002 and the subsequent winter flooding. The section downstream of the river Mulde inflow was contaminated much higher than the upstream section. With the installation of permanently marked observation areas a tool for soil quality monitoring has been established for the future.
A Study on Arsenic and the Heavy Metals in the Mulde River System
Authors: Klemm Werner , Greif Annia , Broekaert José A. C. , Siemens Volker , Junge Frank W. , van der Veen Andrea , Schultze Martin , Duffek Anja 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAnalyses of water, suspended particulate matter, and sediment for the area drained by the river Mulde (Germany) for the early 90's show a high level of pollution in several sections of the river system. This was caused primarily by mining, and industrial and urban activity. The influence of the extreme “100‐year‐flood” into the Mulde and Elbe river systems as a result of the extremely high precipitation in the ore mountains (Erzgebirge) in August 2002 was studied. During the flood, large amounts of strongly polluted sediments were transported into the Freiberger Mulde and Zwickauer Mulde, and deposited on the flooded areas and along river banks in the Vereinigte Mulde. Concentrations of As and heavy metals in the flood sediments of the Freiberger Mulde were found to be very high. This is due primarily to waste dump leaching into the polluted part of the river near Freiberg. Studies in such strongly polluted area show that there is a permanent supply of pollutants from point and diffuse sources, and new sediments with the same level of pollution are formed in the river system.The study of the Bitterfelder Mulde river reservoir documents its function as a sink for suspended matter and heavy metals in the lower Mulde and Elbe system, even at extremely high flow rates. As a result of the flooding of the Lake Goitsche, large amounts of sediment were observed, particularly in the first subbasin Döbern. The deposited sediments contained large concentrations of As and heavy metals.
Flooding Induced Effects from the Mining Lake Goitzsche on Groundwater and Land‐use in the Bitterfeld Area
Authors: Wycisk Peter , Neumann Christian , Gossel Wolfgang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe exceptional flooding event of the river Mulde in August 2002 led to an unexpected filling of the Goitzsche, an open‐pit lignite mining lake, within two days. Due to this exceptional situation, the groundwater table in the vicinity of the lake rose several meters in the area of Bitterfeld. Over the last 100 years, this region has been affected by a large‐scale contaminated aquifer of the former chemical industry complex Bitterfeld/Wolfen. Consequent to the rising groundwater level, the regional hydraulic situation and the groundwater flow direction changed entirely, as proven by hydraulic modelling results. Due to the heterogeneous aquifer conditions, the hydraulic importance was shown of a small scale channel‐fill at the bottom of the upper aquifer. This predominant geological structure evidently affects the groundwater flow direction indicated by the modelled path lines. The resulting pathways of the contaminants can be used for the identification of exposure routes related to areas of high ecological sensitivity. The monitoring of highly soluble groundwater contaminants (e.g. benzene, TCE, cis‐1,2‐DCE), close to the flooding event, shows (irregular patterns of increasing, as well as decreasing, concentration values of related groundwater contaminants. Until the present, no consistent regional pattern can be recorded in the shift of the distribution of the concentration induced by the flooding event. Local differences in the concentration values are obviously more related to small scale variations within the Quaternary aquifer in terms of hydraulic conductivity and higher residual concentration of the contaminated matrix sediments. The temporal effects of concentration values ca be traced back, by most of the organic compounds, to distinct observation wells within the monitored time span at the starting point before flooding.
Plant and Soil Contamination with Trace Metals in the Elbe Floodplains: A Case Study after the Flood in August 2002
Authors: Gröngröft Alexander , Krüger Frank , Grunewald Karsten , Meißner Ralph , Miehlich Günter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAfter the severe Elbe flood in August 2002 the topsoil mobility of trace metals and the contamination of the floodplain vegetation was studied on 18 recent floodplain sites of the Elbe and lower Mulde. The mobile fraction of the trace metals decreased in the order Cd > Zn > Cu ≈ Pb > As > Hg. For Cu and As a significant correlation to total element concentration was found in the soils. For the extractable share of Cd, Zn and Pb regression curves accounting for soil pH value are presented. They indicate a comparatively high metal mobility. Directly after the flood metal concentrations in all plant samples exceeded EU maximum values for feedingstuffs as given by due to surface contamination. In 2003, 50 % of all plant samples still exceeded maximum values. For the transfer of contaminants into the food chain different pathways are possible. Their share with respect to total contaminations, however, can until now not be quantified. Nevertheless, the observed soil and plant contaminations indicate the necessity of activities to prevent transfer into the food chain.
The Situation of PCDD/Fs and Dioxin‐like PCBs after the Flooding of River Elbe and Mulde in 2002
Authors: Umlauf Gunther , Bidoglio Giovanni , Christoph Eugen H. , Kampheus Josef , Krüger Frank , Landmann Dietrich , Schulz Ann Johanna , Schwartz René , Severin Karl , Stachel Burkhard , Stehr Dorit 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFollowing the Elbe and Mulde flooding in August 2002 a series of research and monitoring programmes were conducted to assess the contamination of the flooded areas with PCDD/Fs and related compounds and to identify related threats to the food chain. The present paper reports an overview of PCDD/F and dioxin‐like PCB results obtained for soil samples from the floodplains and behind broken dikes, river sediments and feedstuff produced on the floodplains, and some products from animals fed with feedstuffs grown on the contaminated floodplains.The highest contamination levels in soil were found in periodically flooded pastureland riverside of the dikes. PCDD/Fs in most samples from pasture land exceeded the German threshold of 5 pg/g I‐TEQ. Maximum concentrations in soil were up to 2100 pg/g I‐TEQ. PCDD/Fs in agricultural soils, usually not flooded except during 2002, did not exceed the threshold of 40 pg/g. Maximum concentrations in soil were below 10 pg/g I‐TEQ. PCDD/Fs in playgrounds and sporting areas did not exceed the threshold of 100 pg/g I‐TEQ in soil, maximum concentrations were around 25 pg/g I‐TEQ. Dioxin‐like PCBs were of minor importance for the WHO‐TEQ in soil and sediment but dominate the WHO‐TEQ in Elbe fish.The soils behind broken dikes – only affected by the 2002 flood – were only marginally contaminated with PCDD/Fs. In contrast, most soils from the pasture lands riverside of the dikes, continuously affected by periodic flooding, revealed high contamination levels. This demonstrates that the 2002 flooding had only minor impact on the contamination of soils.The downstream concentration profile of Elbe sediments and alluvial soils identifies the rivers Mulde and Saale as important input sources. The related congener distribution suggests input from former metallurgic processing (magnesium) in the Mulde and Saale catchment. The downstream contamination profile in the sediments showed one order of magnitude lower PCDD/F levels and the peak contamination was located about 200 km further upstream when compared to the floodplains.Analytical surveys on feedstuffs cultivated on the contaminated floodplains did not reveal significant soil‐grass transfer of PCDD/Fs, which indicates a low mobility of the PCDD/Fs present in the floodplains. However, co‐ingestion of soil by grazing animals gave a clear signal of contaminant uptake and demonstrates the necessity of a careful agri‐management of the floodplains of Elbe and Mulde.
Occupational magnetic field exposure and the risk of acoustic neuroma
Authors: Forssén Ulla M. , Lönn Stefan , Ahlbom Anders , Savitz David A. , Feychting Maria 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundAcoustic neuroma is the intracranial tumor subtype showing the highest relative risk in relation to ionizing radiation but other environmental risk factors are largely unknown. This study was performed to investigate the effect of power frequency magnetic fields.MethodA total of 793 cases between 1987 and 1999 were identified through the Swedish cancer registry and 101,762 controls were randomly selected from the total population. Information about occupation was obtained from censuses and linked to gender specific job‐exposure matrices based on actual measurements of 50 Hz magnetic field exposure.ResultWe investigated time‐weighted average, peak values, and rate of change of magnetic field exposure considering several different time windows in relation to cancer diagnosis. We found no increases in risks regardless of exposure metric or time window of exposure.ConclusionThis study is the largest ever on acoustic neuroma and the first study to evaluate this tumor subtype specifically in relation to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. The results do not support the hypothesis that 50 Hz magnetic fields increase the risk of acoustic neuroma. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung cancer mortality among workers at a nuclear materials fabrication plant
Authors: Richardson David B. , Wing Steve 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe Oak Ridge, Tennessee Y‐12 plant has operated as a nuclear materials fabrication plant since the 1940s. Given the work environment, and prior findings that lung cancer mortality was elevated among white male Y‐12 workers relative to US white males, we investigated whether lung cancer mortality was associated with occupational radiation exposures.MethodsA cohort of 3,864 workers hired between 1947 and 1974 who had been monitored for internal radiation exposure was identified. Vital status was ascertained through 1990.ResultsOver the study period 111 lung cancer deaths were observed. Cumulative external radiation dose under a 5‐year lag assumption was positively associated with lung cancer mortality (0.54% increase in lung cancer mortality per 10 mSv, se = 0.16, likelihood ratio test (LRT) = 5.84, 1 degree of freedom [df]); cumulative internal radiation dose exhibited a highly‐imprecise negative association with lung cancer mortality.DiscussionThe positive association between external radiation dose and lung cancer mortality was primarily due to exposure occurring in the period 5–14 years after exposure (0.97% increase in lung cancer mortality rate per 10 mSv, se = 0.28, LRT = 6.35, 1 df). The association between external radiation dose and lung cancer mortality was negative for exposures occurring at ages <35 years and positive for exposures occurring at ages 35–50 and 50+ years.ConclusionsThere is evidence of a positive association between cumulative external radiation dose and lung cancer mortality in this population. However, a causal interpretation of this association is constrained by the uncertainties in external and internal radiation dose estimates, the lack of information about exposures to other lung carcinogens, and the limited statistical power of the study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outside St. Jørgen: Leprosy in the medieval Danish city of Odense
Authors: Boldsen Jesper L. , Mollerup Lene 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLeprosy was a common and dreaded disease in the Danish Middle Ages (AD 1050–1536). Starting in the second half of the 13th century, leprosaria were established in many Danish towns and cities. In the city of Odense (on the island of Funen, Denmark), the cemetery of the leprosarium was totally excavated, and four nonleprosarium medieval and early modern cemeteries have been partly excavated. This paper explores the frequency of leprosy in the nonleprosarium cemeteries in Odense, and looks for evidence of selective exclusion from the ordinary population. The analyses are based on 733 skeletons from four cemeteries in Odense: the Gray Friars monastery, St. Albani parish church, St. Knuds cathedral, and Black Friars monastery. Seven lesions are scored and, based on known epidemiological properties (i.e., specificity and sensitivity) of these lesions, scores were transformed to statistics characterizing an individual's risk of having suffered from leprosy. This statistical approach remains of primary theoretical value, pending confirmation by independent research groups at other sites. Prevalence of the skeletal manifestation of leprosy at death varied between 0–17% among the different cemeteries in Odense. The highest prevalence was seen in cemeteries with many burials before AD 1400. It is estimated that before AD 1400, between 14–17% of those buried in the nonleprosarium cemeteries suffered from leprosy. In all nonleprosarium cemeteries, there was evidence for selective exclusion of people with facial leprosy lesions. For a short period just up to AD 1300, the cemetery of the Odense leprosarium had, on average, more than 20 yearly burials. The establishment of the leprosarium was followed within a relatively short period by a dramatic decline in the number of sufferers of leprosy in the nonleprosarium cemeteries. The number of yearly burials in the leprosarium cemetery also declined rapidly during the 14th century. The present analyses do not permit conclusions about the reasons for this decline in leprosy prevalence. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spastic paraplegia type 2 associated with axonal neuropathy and apparent PLP1 position effect
Authors: Lee Jennifer A. , Madrid Ricardo E. , Sperle Karen , Ritterson Carolyn M. , Hobson Grace M. , Garbern James , Lupski James R. , Inoue Ken 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo report an association between spastic paraplegia type 2 with axonal peripheral neuropathy and apparent proteolipid protein gene (PLP1) silencing in a family.MethodsPulsed‐field gel electrophoresis, custom array comparative genomic hybridization, and semi‐quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to examine the PLP1 genomic region.ResultsElectrodiagnostic studies and a sural nerve biopsy showed features of a dystrophic axonal neuropathy. Molecular studies identified a small duplication downstream of PLP1.InterpretationWe propose the duplication to result in PLP1 gene silencing by virtue of a position effect. Our observations suggest that genomic rearrangements that do not include PLP1 coding sequences should be considered as yet another potential mutational mechanism underlying PLP1‐related dysmyelinating disorders. Ann Neurol 2005
Migraine with aura is a risk factor for unprovoked seizures in children
Authors: Ludvigsson Petur , Hesdorffer Dale , Olafsson Elias , Kjartansson Olafur , Hauser W. Allen 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveMigraine is associated with epilepsy, but the time order and nature of the relationship are unclear. We conducted a population based case control study to clarify the time order to determine whether migraine is a risk factor for epilepsy.MethodsMigraine symptoms were evaluated in a population‐based case–control study of all incident epilepsy in Icelandic children and in matched controls (next two same sex births in the country).ResultsMigraine was associated with a fourfold increased risk for developing epilepsy, an association explained by migraine with aura (odds ratio, 8.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.7–24.3). Migraine without aura did not increase risk for epilepsy.InterpretationChildren with migraine with aura have a substantial increased risk to develop subsequent epilepsy. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that migraine with aura and migraine without aura may be different disorders. Ann Neurol 2006;59:210–213
Suppression of mitoxantrone cardiotoxicity in multiple sclerosis patients by dexrazoxane
Authors: Bernitsas Evanthia , Wei Wei , Mikol Daniel D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the potential of dexrazoxane to suppress subclinical cardiotoxicity in MS patients receiving mitoxantrone.MethodsAn open‐label study was performed to evaluate possible subclinical cardiotoxicity in multiple sclerosis patients treated quarterly with mitoxantrone (48mg/m2 cumulative), with and without concomitant dexrazoxane, using blinded serial radionucleide ventriculography.ResultsNo patient experienced symptoms of heart failure. Patients receiving dexrazoxane, which is cardioprotective for anthracyclines, exhibited a significantly lesser decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (mean change, −3.80% vs −8.55%, p < 0.001).InterpretationThese results support a cardioprotective effect of dexrazoxane in mitoxantrone treated multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2006;59:206–209
Permeation of Telone C‐35 EC™ and chloropicrin through protective gloves
Authors: Zainal Hanaa , Que Hee Shane S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTelone is a potent volatile liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide based on 1,3‐dichloropropene that is applied without dilution for fumigation purposes, and so poses an inhalation and air pollution threat, as proven by past monitoring. 1,3‐Dichloropropene also causes allergic skin effects, is absorbed through the skin, and metabolites have been shown to be excreted after skin absorption, so making it a skin exposure threat too, one that may become most important in the situations of adequate respirator protection or cleaning up spills. It is often coformulated with agents like chloropicrin, a chemical warfare agent, to substitute for methyl bromide fumigant. The aim of the study was to assess if nitrile and laminated gloves provided adequate protection against Telone C‐35 EC™, using an ASTM‐type I‐PTC‐600 permeation cell containing disposable (Safeskin™) and chemically‐resistant (Sol‐Vex™) nitrile and laminated (Barrier™ and Silver Shield™) glove materials with hexane liquid collection. Analyses of cis‐ and trans‐1,3‐dichloropropene and chloropicrin in the collection fluid at various times were performed on a moderately polar capillary column, using gas chromatography–electron capture detection by the internal and external standards methods. Both nitrile materials were degraded by the formulation and pure chloropicrin, and so were unsuitable for protection. Both laminated glove materials offered some protection with Silver Shield™ the better, since less mass had permeated by 8 h, but the extent of protection was still inadequate, as illustrated by a risk assessment of the skin exposure situation. It is recommended that Viton gloves be worn rather than the laminated ones when Telone C‐35 EC™ is handled. Laminated gloves may protect against pure chloropicrin. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 18–25, 2006