bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE OESTROUS CYCLE OF THE COW: HORMONAL PARAMETERS AND TIME RELATIONSHIPS CONCERNING OESTRUS, OVULATION, AND ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE OF THE VAGINAL MUCUS
Authors: Schams D. , Schallenberger E. , Hoffmann B. , Karg H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A synopsis is presented of hormonal profiles (peripheral plasma values of LH, FSH, progesterone; urinary oestrogens) during the oestrous cycle of cattle. After ovulation (day one) progesterone levels begin to increase from about day 4, reach a plateau around day 10, and decrease to basal concentrations starting on days 17 to 18. Corresponding with the progesterone decrease, urinary oestrogens show a main increase reaching its maximum one day before ovulation. LH levels are fairly constant from ovulation until day 5, small but significant peaks can be observed between days 6 and 10 in some cows (6 out of 21) and levels then decrease from day 11 to 13. A gradual additional increase begins on day 17, resulting in the preovulatory LH peak 25.7 ± 6.9 h (n = 75) before ovulation. This peak has a duration of 7.4 ± 2.6 h (n = 89) and occurs any time of the day but preferentially around 8 a. m. and 8 p. m. respectively. Likewise related are the two main periods for ovulation. During oestrus, (average duration of 16.9 ± 4.9 h (n = 28) the electrical resistance of the vaginal mucus decreases and the lowest values always correspond with the LHpeak. FSH levels show a wavelike pattern with peaks around days 4, 8, 12–13, 17, 18 and also coinciding with the pre-ovulatory LH peak. The sharp decrease in FSH between the two peaks on days 17 and 18 correlates with the decrease of progesterone during luteolysis. Obviously there is a parallelism between FSH elevations and follicular growth (determined by means of pelviscopic observations).
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN THE MALE DJUNGARIAN HAMSTER (PHODOPUS SUNGORUS)
Authors: Hoffmann Klaus , Nieschlag Eberhard 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A marked circadian rhythm of plasma testosterone was found in male Djungarian hamsters. Maximal values in the evening just prior to activity onset were about 12 times higher than minimum values in the early morning. The peak of serum testosterone concentration coincides with onset of oestrus in females.
PUBERTAL MANIFESTATION OF SEX DIFFERENCE IN CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING ACTIVITY IN THE RAT HYPOTHALAMUS
Authors: Honma Sato , Hiroshige Tsutomu 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Post-natal development of the circadian rhythm of hypothalamic content of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) was examined in male and female rats, separately. CRF activity was estimated by the intrapituitary injection technique. The circadian rhythm of the CRF content observed at the third week was without any noticeable sex difference: both male and female rats began their circadian rhythm with higher values in the afternoon than in the morning. Male rats maintained this pattern up to maturity. In contrast, female rats showed a marked change at ages of fifth to sixth week: the CRF rhythm in female rats changed to a female pattern, with higher values in the morning than in the afternoon. During this period, the vaginal opening occurred concurrently with a marked afternoon rise in the plasma corticosterone, characteristic of mature female rats. On the other hand, no essential difference could be observed between male and female rats in the developmental change in the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity. These results indicate that a sex difference in the CRF rhythm is not essentially related to the process of sex differentiation in the central nervous system, but is rather related to changes in ovarian activity following the onset of puberty.
STIMULATING ACTION OF SULPIRIDE AND PIMOZIDE ON PROLACTIN RELEASE EFFECT ON BROMOCRIPTINE, L-DOPA AND METERGOLINE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Delitala Giuseppe 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to evaluate the mechanism of action of metergoline, an antiserotonin agent, the effect of pre-treatment with metergoline on prolactin (PRL) release induced by sulpiride was compared to that obtained after bromocriptine administration in normal subjects. In addition, the metergoline effect on PRL release induced by pimozide, specific dopamine receptor blocking agent, was compared to that obtained with L-dopa.
Metergoline administration resulted in definite decrease in plasma PRL in all subjects; however, metergoline did not block, differently from bromocriptine, the PRL release induced by sulpiride. On the contrary, metergoline, like L-dopa, inhibited PRL release induced by pimozide pre-treatment.
These results raise the possibility that metergoline does not act as an antiserotonin agent; its antilactogenic effect observed under basal conditions may be dependent on different mechanisms of action.
POSITIVE FEEDBACK ACTION OF OESTRADIOL ON GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE IN 15 DAY OLD FEMALE RATS
Authors: Kronibus J. , Wuttke W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Female rats were ovariectomized (ovx), adrenalectomized (adx) or both (adx-ovx) on day 8 after birth. The serum gonadotrophin concentrations on day 15 were higher in ovx and adx-ovx rats than in sham-operated or untreated controls of the same age. Intact animals on day 15 had higher LH and FSH levels compared with adult, dioestrous levels, and a number of LH peaks were observed. After partial separation of oestradiol (LH 20 column chromatography) from other lipid substances which interfere with the radioimmunoassay for oestradiol, levels of oestradiol were undetectable in ovx and in adx-ovx animals on day 15 but concentrations were relatively high in intact or adx rats.
To test whether the high gonadotrophin concentrations in 15-day-old intact rats were due to a positive feedback action of oestradiol, silastic tubes containing different amounts of oestradiol were implanted on day 8 at the time of adrenalectomy and ovariectomy. The mean serum LH and FSH concentrations were increased on day 15 in those animals in which silastic tube implantation resulted in physiological oestradiol levels. These elevated gonadotrophin values were due to a number of peak levels. Injection of 600 μg progesterone on day 15, 8 h before decapitation resulted in high FSH levels in all the implanted animals, whereas LH levels were still variable from one animal to another. This situation is very similar to that in intact control rats and it is concluded that the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in 15-day-old female rats reacts to an oestrogenic stimulus followed by a progestational reaction as does the adult "gonadostat". This would account for the premature, pre-ovulatory type of LH peaks.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS OF TETRAHYDROCORTISONE AND TETRAHYDROCORTISOL IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Will H. , Aderjan R. , Winkler Th. , Penke B. , Vecsei P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simple radioimmunoassay for the determination of tetrahydrocortisone (THE)1), and tetrahydrocortisol (THF) as well as their 21-glucosiduronate conjugates is described.
White New Zealand rabbits were immunized with THF- and THE-20-oxime-bovine serum-albumin conjugates. The resulting antisera proved to be very specific. Both allo-THE and allo-THF gave minimal cross-reactions; however, THE- and THF-21-glucosiduronate bind with the corresponding antibodies at a level of 100 %.
The following types of estimations were introduced:
a) Estimation of the sum of unconjugated THF and THF-21-glucosiduronate in highly diluted unprocessed human urine.
b) A similar estimation of THE and THF-21-glucosiduronate as in a).
c) Estimation of THF after β-glucuronidase treatment and dilution without further procedures.
d) A similar estimation for THE as in c).
THF and THE values correlate significantly with known parameters that characterize the cortisol production, such as cortisol secretion rate and the urinary corticoid (C21-α-ketolic-steroid) levels.
LACTATE CONCENTRATIONS IN PRE-OVULATORY FOLLICLES OF PRO-OESTROUS RATS BEFORE AND AFTER ONSET OF OOCYTE MATURATION
Authors: Zeilmaker G. H. , Verhamme C. M. P. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Lactate concentrations were determined in pre-ovulatory follicles of rats at pro-oestrus before and after onset of oocyte maturation. It appeared that high concentrations prevail before and after the time of the expected LH surge (27 mM). The level in serum was about 5 mm. Explanted oocytes obtained from pre-puberal rats and surrounded by cumulus cells, matured in the presence of 20 mm. lactate as sole exogenous energy source. It is argued that oxygen may be the limiting factor suppressing oocyte maturation in vivo.
AGE DEPENDENCE OF TESTOSTERONE PRECURSORS IN PLASMA OF NORMAL ADULT MALES
Authors: Pirke Karl M. , Doerr Peter , Sintermann Rainer , Vogt Hermann J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioimmunoassays for the measurement of pregnenolone1), 17α-hydroxy-progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenediol (5-androstene-3β,17β-diol) have been developed. In addition the reliability criteria of these methods have been established.
Age dependence of testosterone precursors in plasma was studied in 80 normal males aged 19 to 93 years. When a young to middle aged group (19–54 years) was compared with an old age group (67–93 years) a highly significant (P < 0.001) decrease was observed for all the precursors studied: DHEA −68.1%, pregnenolone −60.3%, androstenediol −53.8%, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone −47.5% and androstenedione −39.2%.
Nine old patients (60–81 years) with prostatic carcinoma were studied before and 1 week after therapeutic castration. The results indicate that approximately 73% of the peripheral 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 55% of the androstenediol, 52 % of the pregnenolone, 31 % of the androstenedione and 27 % of the DHEA are of testicular origin in old men with prostatic cancer. HCG-stimulation tests were performed in 12 young (21–30 years) and 12 old (69–83 years) men. There was no significant increase in pregnenolone and in DHEA in both age groups. The relative increase of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and androstenediol did not differ between young and old men. The absolute increase of androstenedione and androstenediol was twice as high in the young men.
BROMOCRIPTINE TREATMENT IN ACROMEGALY: CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS
Authors: Halse Johan , Haugen Harry N. , Bøhmer Thomas 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Eight selected patients with active acromegaly and elevated GH levels without other endocrine disturbances were submitted to long-term treatment and acute dose-response trials with bromocriptine. Seven patients showed clinical improvement and lowering of GH levels in response to long-term treatment, however, two of these showed only minor changes in GH levels during the acute dose-response trial. Glucose tolerance and heel pad thickness remained unchanged, while urinary hydroxyproline excretion and blood, plasma and erythrocyte volumes decreased.
Using daily doses of 20 mg bromocriptine, side effects were generally minor. Severe vasovagal reactions were, however, observed in two patients, in one at the start of treatment, in the other after ingestion of 25 mg bromocriptine.
Bromocriptine represents a valuable treatment alternative in acromegaly, but only long-term treatment will separate responders from nonresponders.
SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS DE QUERVAIN: A DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH A HLA-B ANTIGEN
Authors: Bech Karine , Nerup Jørn , Thomsen Mogens , Platz Per , Ryder Lars P. , Svejgaard Arne , Siersbæk-Nielsen Kaj , Hansen Jens E. Mølholm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty-four caucasian patients with subacute thyroiditis de Quervain were HLA-A, B, C and D typed to evaluate a possible association between the major histocompatibility system and this disease. A highly increased frequency of HLA-Bw35 could be demonstrated (71 per cent, P = 2 × 10−10, relative risk 16.2) together with a concomitant increase of Cw4 (54 per cent, P = 7.9 × 10−5, relative risk 5.7), while the HLA-D antigen Dwl was only moderately and insignificantly increased. Accordingly, this disorder is more strongly associated with HLA-B than HLA-D segregant series in contrast to most other HLA associated diseases. The HLA association proves that the susceptibility to develop subacute thyroiditis de Quervain is genetically influenced, and suggests that HLA-typing may be of value in the diagnosis.
ORPHENADRINE (DISIPAL), SERUM THYROXINE AND THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: Wiersinga W. M. , Fabius A. J. M. , Touber J. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies were undertaken to elucidate whether orphenadrine influences thyroid function. Seven volunteers were given orphenadrine in weekly increasing dosage up to 300 mg per day; in 5 patients chronically treated with 300 mg orphenadrine daily the drug was gradually discontinued. No changes were found in PBI, RT3U, TT3 and TSH during or after orphenadrine medication; also TSH- and TT3-responses to 200 μg TRH iv were not influenced by the drug. Orphenadrine medication increased serum thyroxine values (P < 0.001) as measured with the competitive protein binding (CPB) technique, but did not influence serum thyroxine values measured by radioimmunoassay. Orphenadrine added to serum in vitro in the Murphy-Pattee assay did not increase thyroxine values; two out of eight tested metabolites however did. It is concluded that orphenadrine in a dosage up to 300 mg per day does not influence thyroid function. It increases serum thyroxine levels as measured by the competitive protein binding technique of Murphy and Pattee. This is due to an in vitro competition between ethanol-extractable orphenadrine metabolites and thyroxine for binding sites on the thyroxine binding globulin.
THE EFFECT OF 1,25-DIHYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL ON THE PARATHYROID HORMONE SECRETION OF PORCINE PARATHYROID GLANDS AND HUMAN PARATHYROID ADENOMAS IN VITRO
Authors: Altenähr E. , Dietel M. , Dorn G. , Montz R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2-D3) on parathyroid hormone secretion by porcine parathyroid glands and human parathyroid adenoma tissue was investigated by in vitro incubation. The addition of 100 nmoles 1,25-(OH)2-D3 to the medium inhibited significantly the release of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone by 63–65 %. This suppression was reversible when 1.25-(OH)2-D3 was removed again. The inhibition of parathyroid hormone release observed in human parathyroid adenoma tissue was similar to that in normal porcine parathyroid glands. This indicates that adenoma tissue is sensitive to regulatory influences. As well as calcium, 1,25-(OH)2-D3 may act as another feedback inhibitor of parathyroid hormone secretion.
IONIC EFFECTS ON THE UPTAKE OF CHLOROMERCURIBENZENE-p-SULPHONIC ACID BY PANCREATIC ISLETS
Authors: Söderberg Monica , Täljedal Inge-Bert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Effects of inorganic ions on the uptake of chloromercuribenzene-p-sulphonic acid (CMBS) were studied in microdissected pancreatic islets of non-inbred ob/ob-mice. Na2SO4 stimulated the total islet cell uptake of CMBS but decreased the amount of CMBS remaining in islets after brief washing with L-cysteine. CaCl2 stimulated both the total and the cysteine-non-displaceable uptake; the stimulatory effect of CaCl2 on the cysteine-non-displaceable CMBS uptake was counteracted by Na2SO4. NaCl, KCl or choline chloride had no significant effect on the total islet cell uptake of CMBS, whereas LiCl was stimulatory. It is concluded that β-cells resemble erythrocytes in having a permeation path for CMBS that is inhibited by SO42−. By analogy with existing models of the erythrocyte membrane, it is suggested that the SO42−-sensitive path leads to sulphydryl groups controlling monovalent cationic permeability in β-cells.
MICROCHEMICAL ASSAYS OF GLUTATHIONE, ZINC, COBALT AND MANGANESE IN MICRO-DISSECTED AREAS OF THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS IN THE HAGFISH, MYXINE GLUTINOSA
Authors: Havu Niilo , Lundgren Gillis , Falkmer Sture 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In hagfish islet parenchyma, consisting practically only of insulin-producing B-cells and agranular B-cell precursors, the contents of glutathione (GSH) and total protein-free thiols (NPSH) were determined on micro-dissected islet lobules. GSH was found to be of the same order of magnitude (22–25 mg/100 g wet weight) as in the islet parenchyma of a previously studied teleost fish and of some mammals, including man. However, the NPSH was found to be considerably higher in the islet lobules of the hagfish than in the teleostean islet parenchyma. As in both teleost fish and mammals, GSH made up most of the NPSH in the hagfish erythrocytes, myocardium, and skeletal musculature. This discrepancy between hagfish islet parenchyma and other tissues indicates that the non-GSH portion of NPSH may be of particular significance for the insulin-producing B-cells.
By means of flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry the contents of zinc, cobalt, and manganese were determined in micro-dissected hagfish islet lobules. Neither zinc, nor cobalt, occurred in significantly higher concentrations in the islet parenchyma than in the liver or the skeletal musculature. Only manganese was found in somewhat higher amounts in the islet lobules than in the other tissues, but the contents were still low. The results indicate that none of the three heavy metals play any important role in the synthesis, storage, or release of insulin in the hagfish.
The significance of this in relation to the prevailing hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of alloxan diabetes is discussed.
METABOLIC AND HORMONAL EFFECTS OF POST-MENOPAUSAL OESTROGEN REPLACEMENT TREATMENT
Authors: Larsson-Cohn Ulf , Wallentin Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Glucose, insulin and growth hormone (GH) levels were measured during 3 h oral glucose tolerance tests, performed in two groups of post-menopausal women. Nineteen subjects were given ethinyloestradiol (EOe) 0.05 mg daily and 20 received oestradiol valerianate (OeV) 2 mg daily. The tests were performed twice before treatment and after 1, 3 and 6 cycles of medication.
EOe induced a slight but statistically significant deterioration of the glucose tolerance concomitant with a tendency to elevated insulin levels. The women taking OeV showed no significant alteration of the glucose or insulin levels. The GH concentrations were increased in both groups although the elevation was more pronounced in those taking EOe. The reduced carbohydrate tolerance was not believed to have been responsible for the raised GH levels.
STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF CIRCULATING STEROIDS IN THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Landgren B.-M. , Campo S. , Cekan S. Z. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The variation of the plasma levels of 11 steroids and LH was investigated in 6 normally menstruating women during the peri-menstrual period. Blood was withdrawn continuously over a period of 42 h at a rate of 4 ml/h by means of a non-thrombogenic pump. The changes in hormone levels were studied during 14 3-h sampling periods (42 h) which - with respect to the clock time - were identical in all subjects.
Cortisol, 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone exhibited a marked circadian rhythm with the highest mean levels in the morning between 06.00 and 09.00 h and the lowest mean levels during the night between 21.00 and 03.00 h. The amplitude of the variation was high, the differences between the highest and lowest values being 200, 590 and 150%, respectively. Also the coincidence of individual peak values with the average peaks was high (mostly in 5 out of 6 cases). The correlation of cortisol levels with those of 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone was significant (r = 0.79 and 0.59, respectively; P < 0.001).
The circadian variation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and pregnenolone was also significant, but less pronounced, as indicated by lower amplitudes and larger spread of individual peaks around average peaks. The correlation of the levels of these steroids with those of cortisol was significant (r=0.47 P<0.001; r=0.44 P<0.001 and r=0.31: P<0.01, respectively).
Progesterone, 20α-dihydroprogesterone, testosterone and oestradiol did not exhibit any circadian variation, but a steady decrease of levels. The levels of the first two steroids were significantly correlated (r = 0.81; P < 0.001).
The dihydrotestosterone and LH levels did not show any significant changes during the entire study. If, however, only the second half of the sampling time was statistically analysed, a significant increase was found in the LH levels. During this time the LH levels were negatively correlated with the decreasing levels of progesterone and 20α-dihydroprogesterone (r=−0.59 and −0.66, respectively; P < 0.001).
A comparison of the data with those of a previous study performed during the peri-ovulatory period suggests that the occurrence, intensity and regularity of the circadian rhythm varies according to different phases of the menstrual cycle. The data also suggest that 17-hydroxypregnenolone in plasma is an excellent indicator of adrenocortical activity.
SERUM GONADOTROPHINS, TESTOSTERONE AND SPERMATOGENESIS IN SUBFERTILE MEN
Authors: Aafjes J. H. , van der Vijver J. C. M. , Docter R. , Schenck P. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 210 subfertile men there existed a significant positive correlation between serum FSH and LH (0.41). No correlation was observed between the gonadotrophin levels and testosterone. In contrast to this FSH as well as LH were negatively correlated with the natural logarithm (In) of the sperm count/ml ejaculate (−0.44 and −0.18, respectively). When the positive correlation which existed between FSH and LH was used to calculate partial correlation coefficients, the coefficient between FSH and ln sperm count did hardly change (−0.41) the coefficient between LH and ln sperm count on the other hand became insignificant (−0.05). This suggests that spermatogenesis influences FSH serum levels in subfertile men by a decreased suppression when sperm production is diminished.
Testicular biopsies taken from 97 of these patients were used to determine biopsy scores. These scores showed a significant negative correlation with FSH (−0.34) and a positive one with ln sperm count/ml ejaculate (0.45). Interestingly the biopsy score of 16 patients who fertilized their wives, was found to be higher compared with the score of the other patients who did not fertilize. The number of sperm/ml ejaculate and the FSH values of these 2 groups of biopsied patients were, however, not significantly different. This leads to the conclusion that the biopsy score is a better parameter for the evaluation of oligospermic men than either sperm count or FSH serum values.
CHANGES IN INSULIN RECEPTOR CONCENTRATION IN RAT FAT CELLS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH THE GESTAGENS CLOMEGESTONE ACETATE AND CYPROTERONE ACETATE
Authors: Krauth M. C. , Schillinger E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Specific insulin receptors were measured in isolated fat cells of rats after treatment with clomegestone acetate1). Under conditions when peripheral insulin insensitivity was observed, the number of insulin receptors was simultaneously reduced. A similar though smaller decrease in insulin receptor concentration was seen in rats after treatment with cyproterone acetate, a compound which did not cause insulin resistance.
It is concluded that the gestagenic compounds tested decrease insulin receptor concentration. Only drastic reduction of the number of binding sites results in significant perturbations of carbohydrate metabolism.