bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Perceived Risk to Health and Immigration-Related Characteristics on Substance Use Among Latino and Other Immigrants
Authors: Ojeda Victoria D. , Patterson Thomas L. , Strathdee Steffanie A. 
Published: April 2008

Objectives. We examined whether immigration-related characteristics and perceptions of risk surrounding substance use were independently associated with lifetime use of cigarettes and various illicit substances among immigrant and native-born Latino and non-Latino White adults in the United States. Methods. Data were from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Analyses were limited to Latinos and non-Latino Whites 18 years and older. We used cross-tabulations and multivariate logistic regression to test relations between risk perceptions, immigration characteristics, and substance use. Results. More than two thirds of all respondents perceived moderate or great risk to health and well-being associated with all substances analyzed. The odds of lifetime substance use by Latino and non-Latino White immigrants were lower than for US-born non-Latino Whites. Immigrant Latinos’ odds of lifetime substance use were lower than for US-born Latinos. Moderate or great perceived risk was associated with lower likelihood of lifetime use of all substances except cigarettes. Conclusions. Foreign birth appeared to protect against substance use among both Latino and non-Latino White immigrants. Future studies should examine potential protective factors, including cultural beliefs and practices, acculturation, familial ties, and social network influences.
Racial Differences in the Evaluation and Treatment of Hepatitis C Among Veterans: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rousseau Christine M. , Ioannou George N. , Todd-Stenberg Jeffrey A. , Sloan Kevin L. , Larson Meaghan F. , Forsberg Christopher W. , Dominitz Jason A. 
Published: April 2008

Objectives. We examined the association between race and hepatitis C virus (HCV) evaluation and treatment of veterans in the Northwest Network of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Methods. In our retrospective cohort study, we used medical records to determine antiviral treatment of 4263 HCV-infected patients from 8 VA medical centers. Secondary outcomes included specialty referrals, laboratory evaluation, viral genotype testing, and liver biopsy. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for clinical (measured through laboratory results and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes) and sociodemographic factors. Results. Blacks were less than half as likely as Whites to receive antiviral treatment (odds ratio [OR]=0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.23, 0.63). Both had similar odds of referral and liver biopsy. However, Blacks were significantly less likely to have complete laboratory evaluation (OR=0.67; 95% CI=0.52, 0.88) and viral genotype testing (OR=0.68; 95% CI=0.51, 0.90). Conclusions. Race is associated with receipt of medical care for various medical conditions. Further investigation is warranted to help understand whether patient preference or provider bias may explain why HCV-infected Blacks were less likely to receive medical care than Whites.
Smoking-Cessation Media Campaigns and Their Effectiveness Among Socioeconomically Advantaged and Disadvantaged Populations
Authors: Niederdeppe Jeff , Fiore Michael C. , Baker Timothy B. , Smith Stevens S. 
Published: April 2008

Objectives. We examined whether the impact of televised smoking cessation ads differed by a population’s education and income. Methods. We used longitudinal data from the Wisconsin Behavioral Health Survey, a statewide sample of 452 adult smokers who were interviewed in 2003 to 2004 and followed up 1 year later. Logistic regression was used to assess whether baseline recall of secondhand smoke ads and “keep trying to quit” ads was associated with quit attempts and smoking abstinence at 1 year. Interaction terms were used to assess whether these associations differed by the smokers’ education and income levels. Results. Overall, neither keep-trying-to-quit nor secondhand smoke ad recall was associated with quit attempts or smoking abstinence. Keep-trying-to-quit ads were significantly more effective in promoting quit attempts among higher-versus lower-educated populations. No differences were observed for secondhand smoke ads by the smokers’ education or income levels. Conclusions. Some media campaign messages appear less effective in promoting quit attempts among less-educated populations compared with those who have more education. There is a need to develop media campaigns that are more effective with less-educated smokers.
Barriers to Obtaining Diagnostic Testing for Coronary Artery Disease Among Veterans
Authors: Siminoff Laura A. , Hausmann Leslie R. M. , Ibrahim Said 
Published: April 2008

Objectives. We sought to identify factors associated with appointment nonattendance for diagnostic testing of coronary artery disease among veterans. For patients with possible heart disease, appointment nonattendance may seriously compromise short- and long-term outcomes. Understanding factors associated with nonattendance may help improve care while reducing inefficiency in service delivery. Methods. We surveyed patients who attended (n = 240) or did not attend (n = 139) a scheduled cardiac appointment at a midwestern Veterans Administration medical center. Multivariable regression models were used to assess factors associated with nonattendance. Results. Younger age, lower income, unemployment, and longer wait times for appointments were predictive of nonattendance. Nonattenders reported fewer cardiac symptoms and were more likely to attribute their symptoms to something other than heart disease. Nonattendance was also associated with a coping style characterized by avoidance of aversive information. Logistical issues, fear of diagnostic procedures, disbelief that one had heart disease, and medical mistrust were some of the reasons given for missed appointments. Conclusions. Appointment nonattendance among veterans scheduled for cardiology evaluation was associated with several important cognitive factors. These factors should be considered when one is designing clinical systems to reduce patient nonattendance.
Mechanical model of the Lorentz force and Coulomb interaction
Authors: Dmitriyev Valery 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The centripetal and Coriolis accelerations experienced by a cart traveling over a rotating turntable are usually calculated proceeding from the known kinematics of the problem. Respective forces can be regarded as due to the entrainment of the cart in the moving solid environs. We extend the approach to the general case of a particle entrained in the flow of the surrounding medium. The expression for the driving force on the particle obtained from the kinematics of the entrainment prescribed appears to be isomorphic to the Lorentz and Coulomb force on a positive electric charge. The inverse direction of the electromagnetic force on a negative charge implies that a growing applied flow induces the upstream motion of the particle. A possible microscopic mechanism for it may be the Magnus force dynamics of a kink in a vortex tangle. The loop on a straight vortex filament can be taken as a model of the electron, the loop with a cavitation models the positron. The Lorentz force is concerned with the Coriolis acceleration. The Coulomb interaction is due to the centripetal or centrifugal force that arises in the turbophoresis of the kink in the perturbation field generated in the medium by the center of pressure.
The liquid-ordered phase in sphingomyelincholesterol membranes as detected by the discrimination by oxygen transport (DOT) method
Authors: Wisniewska Anna , Subczynski Witold 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMembranes made from binary mixtures of egg sphingomyelin (ESM) and cholesterol were investigated using conventional and saturation-recovery EPR observations of the 5-doxylstearic acid spin label (5-SASL). The effects of cholesterol on membrane order and the oxygen transport parameter (bimolecular collision rate of molecular oxygen with the nitroxide spin label) were monitored at the depth of the fifth carbon in fluid- and gel-phase ESM membranes. The saturation-recovery EPR discrimination by oxygen transport (DOT) method allowed the discrimination of the liquid-ordered (l o), liquid-disordered (l d), and solid-ordered (s o) phases because the bimolecular collision rates of the molecular oxygen with the nitroxide spin label differ in these phases. Additionally, oxygen collision rates (the oxygen transport parameter) were obtained in coexisting phases without the need for their separation, which provides information about the internal dynamics of each phase. The addition of cholesterol causes a dramatic decrease in the oxygen transport parameter around the nitroxide moiety of 5-SASL in the l o phase, which at 50 mol% cholesterol becomes ∼5 times smaller than in the pure ESM membrane in the l d phase, and ∼2 times smaller than in the pure ESM membrane in the s o phase. The overall change in the oxygen transport parameter is as large as ∼20-fold. Conventional EPR spectra show that 5-SASL is maximally immobilized at the phase boundary between regions with coexisting l d and l o phases or s o and l o phases and the region with a single l o phase. The obtained results all owed for the construction of a phase diagram for the ESM-cholesterol membrane.
Robust stabilization of a class of non‐minimum‐phase nonlinear systems in a generalized output feedback canonical form
Authors: Fu Jun , Jin Ying , Zhao Jun , Dimirovski G. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a globally robust stabilizer for a class of uncertain non‐minimum‐phase nonlinear systems in generalized output feedback canonical form is designed. The system contains unknown parameters multiplied by output‐dependent nonlinearities and output‐dependent nonlinearities enter such a system both additively and multiplicatively. The proposed method relies on a recently developed novel parameter estimator and state observer design methodology together with a combination of backstepping and small‐gain approach. Our design has three distinct features. First, the parameter estimator and state observer do not necessarily follow the classical certainty‐equivalent principle any more. Second, the design treats unknown parameters and unmeasured states in a unified way. Third, the technique by combining standard backstepping and small‐gain theorem ensures robustness with respect to dynamic uncertainties. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show that the proposed method is effective, and that it can be applied to more general systems that do not satisfy the cascading upper diagonal dominance conditions developed in recent papers, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No pathogenic rearrangement within the DISC 1 gene in psychosis
Authors: Legallic Solenn , Bou Jacqueline , Haouzir Sadeq , Allio Gabrielle , Demily Caroline , Petit Michel , Frebourg Thierry , Thibaut Florence , Campion Dominique 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA translocation disrupting the DISC 1 gene segregates with schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders in a large Scottish family. Mutation screening of this gene by routine PCR‐based methods has remained largely negative. We sought to detect rearrangements affecting DISC 1 in 347 individuals meeting the DSM3R criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, 70 subjects with bipolar disorder and 377 psychiatrically healthy controls, but failed to detect any pathological rearrangement. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of sulfonated polypropylene and its dyeability: Thiol as a functionalization template of polypropylene
Authors: Choi Yeon Beom , Park O Ok 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA two‐step process has been invented to prepare sulfonated polypropylene from chlorinated polypropylene via thiolation and successive oxidation to enhance the dyeability of polypropylene. With a short thiolation reaction time of 3 h in an N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone solution, 1.7–20.5% sulfur can be incorporated into a polypropylene bulk effectively. Chlorine–thiol substitution and hydrosulfide conversion have been examined with elemental analysis, and their behaviors as a function of the SH/Cl ratio can be explained with an equilibrium model of hydrosulfide and accessible chlorine in a given timescale. Oxidation of thiol has been performed successfully with hydrogen peroxide. The evolution of oxidation intermediates such as sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfinic acid, and sulfonic acid can be identified by Raman and Fourier transform infrared analyses. Sulfonated polypropylene can be stained by a basic dye very effectively, and its dye uptake reaches 190 mmol of dye/kg of polymer for 3.6 mmol of sulfur/g of polymer. This dye uptake is 20 times more effective than that of chlorinated polypropylene on a molar basis. Thus, it is clear that a modification can be performed effectively to enhance the dyeability of polypropylene. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Digital differential interference contrast autofocus for high‐resolution oil‐immersion microscopy
Authors: Shen Feimo , Hodgson Louis , Price Jeffrey H. , Hahn Klaus M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractContinued advances in cellular fluorescent biosensors enable studying intracellular protein dynamics in individual, living cells. Autofocus is valuable in such studies to compensate for temperature drift, uneven substrate over multiple fields of view, and cell growth during long‐term high‐resolution time‐lapse studies of hours to days. Observing cellular dynamics with the highest possible resolution and sensitivity motivates the use of high numerical aperture (NA) oil‐immersion objectives, and control of fluorescence exposure to minimize phototoxicity. To limit phototoxicity, to maximize light throughput of the objective for biosensor studies, and because phase contrast is distorted by the meniscus in microtiter plates, we studied autofocus in differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy with a 60× 1.45 NA oil objective after removing the analyzer from the fluorescent light path. Based on a study of the experimental DIC modulation transfer function, we designed a new bandpass digital filter for measuring image sharpness. Repeated tests of DIC autofocus with this digital filter on 225 fields‐of‐view resulted in a precision of 8.6 nm (standard deviation). Autofocus trials on specimens with thicknesses from 9.47 to 33.20 μm, controlled by cell plating density, showed that autofocus precision was independent of specimen thickness. The results demonstrated that the selected spatial frequencies enabled very high‐precision autofocus for high NA DIC automated microscopy, thereby potentially removing the problems of meniscus distortion in phase contrast imaging of microtiter plates and rendering the toxicity of additional fluorescence exposure unnecessary. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Temporally controlled prostate epithelium‐specific gene alterations
Authors: Luchman H. Artee , Friedman Hana C. , Villemaire Michelle L. , Peterson Alan C. , Jirik Frank R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEmploying the Hprt locus as the site for targeted transgenesis we have developed mice expressing the tamoxifen‐inducible Cre‐ER(T2) fusion protein under the control of the ARR2‐rat probasin promoter. This system enables external control over the timing of prostate epithelial cell‐specific gene alterations. Using both the ROSA26‐lacZ and ROSA26‐EYFP reporter strains to monitor recombinase activity, Cre‐ER(T2) was found to be specifically expressed in the prostatic epithelium and was strictly tamoxifen dependent. This strain thus allows precise control over the timing of gene alterations in the mouse prostate, enabling analyses of the phenotypic consequences of gene alterations in mice of any age. It also provides an ideal platform to study the impact of environmental, hormonal, and age‐related factors on prostate tumorigenesis. This latter feature will be of particular value given the paucity of murine models that accurately mimic the late onset and prolonged natural history of human prostate cancer. genesis 46:229–234, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of water and food security scenarios for 2025 with the PODIUM model: the case of Agro‐Ecological Region 12 of India
Authors: Singandhupe R. B. , Nanda P. , Panda D. K. , Swain M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Policy Interactive Dialogue Model (PODIUM), developed by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), has been used to consider data of 1995 as a base to predict water–food security scenarios for 2025 of Agro‐Ecological Region 12 (AER12) of India having a total geographical area of 26.8 million ha. The model has been used to address the food and water security issues simultaneously and generates alternative scenarios highlighting the interlinkages between water and food security. In this study four scenarios: business as usual scenario (BAU); food security scenario (FS); water security scenario (WS); and water and food security scenario (WFS) have been analysed. The BAU scenario projects that the region AER12 of India will face a food deficit of 7.46 million t in 2025. The total annually renewable water resources of the region will be 40.3 billion m3 in 2025, out of which a maximum of 21.7 billion m3 will be available in Agro‐Ecological Sub Region (AESR12.1), followed by 10.2 and 8.3 billion m3 in AESR12.2 and AESR12.3, respectively. The diversion of available water in all sectors (agriculture, domestic, industry) in AER12 was 15.4 billion m3 in 1995, which is expected to increase by 81.7% in 2025, but due to urbanisation and industrial demand, the available water for the agricultural sector is expected to reduce by 64%. In the industry sector it is projected to jump from 10% in 1995 to 28% in 2025.After analysing the BAU scenario of the region, some of the specific alternative options have been explored with the PODIUM model by altering the drivers in order to find feasible ways to make the region secure and sustainable with a comfortable level of food and water by 2025. The outcomes of the alternative options are discussed in this paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐layered membranes of collagen/hydroxyapatite and chitosan for guided bone regeneration
Authors: Teng Shu‐Hua , Lee Eun‐Jung , Wang Peng , Shin Du‐Sik , Kim Hyoun‐Ee 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a novel hybrid membrane with optimized properties for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Both the top and bottom layers of the sandwich‐structured membrane were composed of collagen containing 20 wt% hydroxyapatite (HA), while the middle layer was made of chitosan. The above three layers were formulated into an integral membrane from their respective slurries through a layer‐by‐layer filtration process. The phase and composition of the membrane were confirmed by FT‐IR and XRD analyses. The observation of its morphology by SEM showed that the membrane had a porous structure and structural integrity. The chitosan layer ensured the high tensile strength and elastic modulus of the membrane, while the presence of the collagen/HA composite layers endowed it with good flexibility and bioactivity. These results suggest that the integrated membrane prepared in this study would have the potential for use as a GBR material. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Comparison of postmortem changes in goose cardiac and breast muscles at 5 °C
Authors: Ho Sy‐Shyan , Lin Chia‐Ying , Chou Rong‐Ghi R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUD: The tenderness of goose heart is an important consideration in its utilization as a popular meat product. It is generally thought that postmortem degradation of myofibrillar proteins may improved meat tenderness. Little information, however, is available regarding the postmortem changes in goose cardiac muscle. Therefore, the postmortem proteolysis between goose cardiac and breast muscles at 5 °C is compared.RESULTS: The pH is higher (P < 0.05) in cardiac samples than in breast samples. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blots results indicate that postmortem degradation of titin and desmin and the appearance of the 28 and 30 kDa components are faster in breast muscle than in cardiac muscle.CONCLUSION: Our results may suggest that goose postmortem proteolysis occurs more rapidly in breast muscle than in cardiac muscle at 5 °C. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Sequence and structural properties of identical mutations with varying phenotypes in human coagulation factor IX
Authors: Chavali Sreenivas , Sharma Amitabh , Tabassum Rubina , Bharadwaj Dwaipayan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMutations in human coagulation factor IX cause an X‐linked bleeding disorder Hemophilia B, which can be classified as severe, moderately severe and mild based on the plasma levels of factor IX among affected individuals with respect to normal factor IX activity assayed in the patients' plasma (<1%, 2–5%, 6–30%, respectively). Recently, we identified hemophilia B to be a disease with mutations showing clinical variation and speculated that this phenotypic heterogeneity might be a replacement‐specific property. Here, we have analyzed the differences in sequence and structural properties among identical mutations with varying phenotypes (IMVPs) by comparing with mutations with uniform phenotypes (MUPs), with recurring reports in Haemophilia B mutation database. Classification of mutations into IMVPs and MUPs has been done based on rigorous systematic evaluation of the clotting activity each mutation is associated with. IMVPs (n = 51) occur in less conserved mutant sites with more tolerated substitutions compared to MUPs (n = 100). A preponderance of CpG site mutations and Arg as the mutated residue in IMVPs compared to Cys in MUPs was observed. Hence, a CpG site substitution at less conserved Arg site might have an increased propensity of expressing variable phenotypes. The changes in intrinsic properties associated with the mutation are less drastic for IMVPs than for MUPs, though no significant differences were observed in structural properties. Based on this study and available literature we speculate that modifier genes at other loci, epigenetic interactions and environment may serve individually or cumulatively to bring about the clinical variation implicating hemophilia B to be deviation from classical Mendelian disorder with complete penetrance. We demonstrate that phenotypic heterogeneity appears to be site‐specific also owing to the lesser conservation of the mutant site. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Some geometric properties of quantum phases and calculation of phase formulas
Authors: Bracken Paul 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn introduction to several geometrical ideas which are of use to quantum mechanics is presented. The Aharonov‐Anandan phase is introduced and without reference to any dynamical equation, this phase is formulated by defining an appropriate connection on a specific fiber bundle. The holonomy element gives the phase. By introducing another connection, the Pancharatnam phase formula is derived following a different procedure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008