bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal patterns of rainfall in a tropical Andean valley of southern Ecuador as seen by a vertically pointing K‐band Doppler radar
Authors: Bendix Jörg , Rollenbeck Rütger , Reudenbach Christoph 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe diurnal precipitation dynamics in an east‐west‐oriented valley that connects the Amazon lowlands and the inter‐Andean basin of southern Ecuador (Rio San Francisco valley) is investigated by means of a K‐band rain‐radar profiler (located at the ECSF research station, latitude: 3° 58'S, longitude: 79° 4′W) and additional remotely sensed data. A pre‐dawn/dawn (5:30–6:30 LST) maximum of rainfall is found and a secondary peak is observed after noon (14:30–15:30 LST). Although the frequency distribution of rain rates reveals that a great portion of rainfall is of stratiform character, vertical profiles of rain rate and droplet concentration points to the important contribution of embedded convection and/or showers produced by local heating for the overall amount of rainfall. Specific differences in stratification and process dynamics could be found for both peak times. The pre‐dawn maximum can be related to mesoscale instabilities over the Peruvian Amazon close to the south Ecuadorian border. Extended cold air drainage flow from the Andes and low‐level confluence due to the concavity of the Andean chain in this area leads to convective instability in the nocturnal Amazonian boundary layer, which is extended to the study area by the predominant easterlies in the mid‐troposphere. Rain clouds with at least embedded shallow convection can overflow the bordering ridges of the San Francisco valley providing rains of higher intensity at the ECSF research station. On the contrary, the afternoon convective precipitation can be caused by locally induced thermal convection at the bordering slopes (up‐slope breeze system) where the ECSF station profits from precipitation off the edge of these local cells due to the narrow valley. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
A coupled chemo‐thermo‐hygro‐mechanical model of concrete at high temperature and failure analysis
Authors: Li Xikui , Li Rongtao , Schrefler B. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA hierarchical mathematical model for analyses of coupled chemo‐thermo‐hygro‐mechanical behaviour in concretes at high temperature is presented. The concretes are modelled as unsaturated deforming reactive porous media filled with two immiscible pore fluids, i.e. the gas mixture and the liquid mixture, in immiscible–miscible levels. The thermo‐induced desalination process is particularly integrated into the model. The chemical effects of both the desalination and the dehydration processes on the material damage and the degradation of the material strength are taken into account. The mathematical model consists of a set of coupled, partial differential equations governing the mass balance of the dry air, the mass balance of the water species, the mass balance of the matrix components dissolved in the liquid phases, the enthalpy (energy) balance and momentum balance of the whole medium mixture. The governing equations, the state equations for the model and the constitutive laws used in the model are given. A mixed weak form for the finite element solution procedure is formulated for the numerical simulation of chemo‐thermo‐hygro‐mechanical behaviours. Special considerations are given to spatial discretization of hyperbolic equation with non‐self‐adjoint operator nature. Numerical results demonstrate the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed model and its numerical procedure in reproducing coupled chemo‐thermo‐hygro‐mechanical behaviour in concretes subjected to fire and thermal radiation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algorithms for the multi‐item multi‐vehicles dynamic lot sizing problem
Authors: Anily Shoshana , Tzur Michal 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider a two‐stage supply chain, in which multi‐items are shipped from a manufacturing facility or a central warehouse to a downstream retailer that faces deterministic external demand for each of the items over a finite planning horizon. The items are shipped through identical capacitated vehicles, each incurring a fixed cost per trip. In addition, there exist item‐dependent variable shipping costs and inventory holding costs at the retailer for items stored at the end of the period; these costs are constant over time. The sum of all costs must be minimized while satisfying the external demand without backlogging.In this paper we develop a search algorithm to solve the problem optimally. Our search algorithm, although exponential in the worst case, is very efficient empirically due to new properties of the optimal solution that we found, which allow us to restrict the number of solutions examined. Second, we perform a computational study that compares the empirical running time of our search methods to other available exact solution methods to the problem. Finally, we characterize the conditions under which each of the solution methods is likely to be faster than the others and suggest efficient heuristic solutions that we recommend using when the problem is large in all dimensions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006.
An efficient iterative method for solving the matrix equation AXB + CYD = E
Authors: Peng Zhen‐yun , Peng Ya‐xin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper presents an iterative method for solving the matrix equation AXB + CYD = E with real matrices X and Y. By this iterative method, the solvability of the matrix equation can be determined automatically. And when the matrix equation is consistent, then, for any initial matrix pair [X0, Y0], a solution pair can be obtained within finite iteration steps in the absence of round‐off errors, and the least norm solution pair can be obtained by choosing a special kind of initial matrix pair. Furthermore, the optimal approximation solution pair to a given matrix pair [X̄, Ȳ] in a Frobenius norm can be obtained by finding the least norm solution pair of a new matrix equation AX̃B + CỸD = Ẽ, where Ẽ = E − AX̄B − CȲD. The given numerical examples show that the iterative method is efficient. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The necropolis of Vallerano (Rome, 2nd–3rd century AD): an anthropological perspective on the ancient Romans in the Suburbium
Authors: Cucina A. , Vargiu R. , Mancinelli D. , Ricci R. , Santandrea E. , Catalano P. , Coppa A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe present study investigates the skeletal remains of individuals who were part of a Roman suburban community, in order to assess lifestyle and living conditions in the town's outskirts during the Roman Imperial age. The existence of the community was linked to the functioning of one of the many villas that surrounded the town of Rome at that time. In order to assess health, several indicators were explored, including mortality, oral pathologies and specific (cribra orbitalia) and aspecific (linear enamel hypoplasia) indicators of nutritional and physiological impairment. The sample, which probably represents the labour force of the villa, shows a high number of individuals dying in the early adult age and very few living beyond 50. Subadults were frequently affected by pathological conditions which may indicate anaemia and/or inflammations and infections, as witnessed by the frequency of cribra orbitalia. Growth was also impaired, as the individuals suffered from systemic disturbances during the early years of life that led to the formation of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) in their teeth. Frequency of LEH is very high, as well as its multiple occurrence through time (2.44 defects per individual) and its onset occurs from the earliest age classes. Diet, on the other hand, does not seem to have been particularly carbohydrate based. Oral pathologies are very low, which is consistent with meat consumption complementing a diet rich in low‐calorific products of agriculture and seemingly low in refined carbohydrates. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An optimal memory‐reduced procedure for calculating adjoints of the instationary Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Hinze Michael , Walther Andrea , Sternberg Julia 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses approximation schemes for adjoints in control of the instationary Navier–Stokes system. It tackles the storage problem arising in the numerical calculation of the appearing adjoint equations by proposing a low‐storage approach which utilizes optimal checkpointing. For this purpose, a new proof of optimality is given. This new approach gives so far unknown properties of the optimal checkpointing strategies and thus provides new insights. The optimal checkpointing allows a remarkable memory reduction by accepting a slight increase in run‐time caused by repeated forward integrations as illustrated by means of the Navier–Stokes equations. In particular, a memory reduction of two orders of magnitude causes only a slow down factor of 2–3 in run‐time. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particle‐Laden Turbulent Channel Flow and Particle‐Wall Interactions
Authors: Kubik A. , Kleiser L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe behavior of particle‐laden gases in a turbulent channel flow is studied at moderate Reynolds number. Effects of the wallparticle interaction models on the velocity, statistics, and dispersion of the particles are presented. The results were obtained from a direct numerical simulation with particle feedback on the gas phase. The models were found to considerably influence the studied particle properties. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stochastic Modulation Equations
Authors: Blömker Dirk , Hairer Martin , Pavliotis Greg A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractConsider the stochastic Swift‐Hohenberg equation on a large domain near its change of stability. Under appropriate scaling its solutions are approximated by a periodic wave modulated by the solutions to a stochastic Ginzburg‐Landau equation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Motion of magnetic domain walls
Authors: Melcher Christof , Nachname Vorname 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider the dynamics of one‐dimensional micromagnetic domain walls in layers of uniaxial anisotropy. In the regime of bulk materials, i.e. when the thickness is assumed to be infinite, and the magnetostatic interaction terms appear as local quantities, explicit traveling wave solutions for the corresponding Landau‐Lifshitz equation, known asWalker exact solutions, can be constructed. A natural question is whether this construction can be perturbed to the non‐local regime of layers of finite thickness. Our stability analysis gives an affirmative answer. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Γ‐limit of a finite‐strain Cosserat model for asymptotically thin domains and a consequence for the Cosserat couple modulus μc
Authors: Neff Patrizio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe study the behaviour of a geometrically exact 3D Cosserat continuum model for an asymptotically flat domain. Despite the inherent nonlinearity, the Γ‐limit of a corresponding canonically rescaled problem on a domain with constant thickness can be explicitly calculated. This “membrane” limit exhibits no bending contributions scaling with h 3 (similar to classical approaches) but features a transverse shear resistance scaling with h for strictly positive Cosserat couple modulus μc > 0. This result is physically inacceptable for a zero‐thickness “membrane” limit model. Therefore it is suggested that the physically consistent value of the Cosserat couple modulus μc is zero. In this case, however, the Γ‐limit looses coercivity for the midsurface deformation in H 1,2(ω , ℝ3). For numerical purposes then, a transverse shear resistance can be reintroduced, establishing coercivity. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic Force Formulae for Magnets at Small Distances
Authors: Popović Nikola , Praetorius Dirk , Schlömerkemper Anja 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn [7], the magnetic force on subregions of rigid magnetized bodies was studied as a discrete‐to‐continuum limit. The derived force formula includes a new term, which depends on the underlying crystalline lattice structure ℒ. It originates from contributions of magnetic dipole‐dipole interactions of dipole moments close to the boundary of the considered subregion.Further studies of this new term have led to the question of how the magnetic force between two idealized magnets, which are a distance ε > 0 apart, depends on ε as ε → 0. In this article, analytical aspects of this question are discussed, cf. [5], where also numerical experiments are performed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solutions to models for phase evolution driven by configurational forces
Authors: Zhu Peicheng 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis work is concerned with the models for phase evolution driven by configurational forces in alloys. We investigate mathematically the validity of the models for the non‐conserved case and the conserved case, however only for the one space dimensional case. Those models were proposed by Prof. H.‐D. Alber in a previous article. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energiebetrachtungen bei idealen angeregten Multikontakt‐Kollisionen
Authors: Aeberhard Ueli , Glocker Christoph 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDie energetische Konsistenz von Kollisionsproblemen mit ideal gebundenen Mehrkörpersystemen wird untersucht. Es wird postuliert, dass sich die Kontakte bei nicht‐krafterregten Systemen passiv verhalten, d.h. dass die Gesamtarbeit sämtlicher geschlossener Kontakte während des Stosses nicht positiv ist. Anhand geometrischer Methoden wird gezeigt, was die Einschränkungen auf die Menge der möglichen Nachstossgeschwindigkeiten sind. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Automatic Optimal Regularization for Ill‐Posed Problems with Stochastical Noise without Imposing Smoothness Assumptions
Authors: Bauer Frank 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider the compact operator A : 𝒳 → 𝒴 for the separable Hilbert spaces 𝒳 and 𝒴. The problem Ax = y is called ill‐posed when the singular values sk , k = 1, 2, … of the operator A tend to zero.Classically one assumes that y is biased with “deterministic noise”; we will also consider “stochastic noise” where the noise element is a weak Gaussian random variable. There classical stopping rules (e.g. Morozov) do not work. We will show that both for the “deterministic noise” case as well for the “stochastical noise” case we can regularize in an (asymptotically almost) optimal way without knowledge of the smoothness of the solution using Lepskij's method. Furthermore the method also works for estimated error levels and error behavior.So we can assure regularization which is just dependent on measurements obtainable in reality, e.g. satellite problems. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The linear sampling method for the inverse electromagnetic scattering problem for screens
Authors: Cakoni Fioralba , Darrigrand Eric 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider the inverse electromagnetic scattering problem of determining the shape of a screen from a knowledge of the electric far field pattern of the scattered wave at fixed frequency. We adapt the linear sampling method invented by Colton and Kirsch (Inverse Problems 12 (1996) 383‐393) for the case of obstacles with nonempty interior. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Application of Accurate Distance Algorithms to Multibody Simulations
Authors: Dyllong Eva , Luther Wolfram 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDistance algorithms are most frequently used in robotics to determine the distance between two obstacles in the environment of a robot or between a sensor point and an object. We extend the multibody simulation package MOBILE for an application of accurate algorithms for distance computation between objects represented by convex or non‐convex polyhedra. These objects are represented by their vertices and oriented facets. As an application example, a multibody system is discussed where a sensor point moves close to a non‐convex obstacle. The computed results show that the algorithms developed are suitable for accurate real‐time multibody simulations. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Partial Moment Entropy Approximation to Radiative Heat Transfer
Authors: Frank Martin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA new approximation to Radiative Heat Transfer, intermediate betweeen moment models and discrete ordinates, is introduced. We consider a moment system with general partitions of velocity space, closed by an entropy minimization principle. We give physical and mathematical reasons for this choice of model and study its properties. A numerical example is presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal Control for Static Stiffness and Thermal Sensitivity of a Hexapod Machine Tool
Authors: Henninger Christoph , Eberhard Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBeneath many conceptual advantages, parallel kinematic manipulators suffer some disadvantages which complicate their operation as machine tool. One of them is their inhomogeneous stiffness characteristic within the workspace, another is the high thermal sensitivity of their static accuracy due to the large strut lengths. Both properties, stiffness and thermal sensitivity, depend strongly on the configuration of the manipulator. As for machining purposes only five degrees of freedom are necessary, the 6th axis can be utilized to choose an optimal configuration with respect to stiffness or thermal sensitivity. In this contribution, an optimization method based on Jacobian matrix analysis is introduced and demonstrated for a model of the hexapod milling machine HEXACT. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time integration error estimation for continuous Galerkin schemes
Authors: Kizio Stephan , Schweizerhof Karl 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this contribution is the time integration error estimation for continuous Galerkin schemes applied to the linear semi‐discrete equation of motion. A special focus is on the effort for the error estimation for large finite element models. Error estimators for the global time integration error as well as for the local error in the last time interval are presented. The Galerkin formulation in time allows the application of the well‐known duality based error estimation techniques for the estimation of the time integration error. The main effort of these error estimators is the computation of the dual solution. In order to diminish the computational effort for solving the dual problem the error estimation is carried out in a reduced modal basis. The relevant modes which have to remain in the basis can be determined via the initial conditions of the dual problem. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling of tunnel fires and experimental validation
Authors: Kunsch Jean‐Paul 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe relevant scaling parameters for physical modelling of tunnel fires in an experimental test channel are identified. These parameters can be used to correlate the experimental data related to the critical ventilation velocity. Critical ventilation prevents backlayering of smoke during a tunnel fire. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pseudo‐transient processes in the numerical simulation of a water droplet in an electric field
Authors: Langemann Dirk 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe solve the coupled problem of the shape of a droplet in an electric field. An artificial pseudo‐transient process leads to an iteration over the decoupled electric and mechanical sub‐problems. We discuss the numerical behaviour of the iteration and of both sub‐problems and we present new 3d results of deformed droplets. Further, the motion of uncharged droplets driven by a non‐vanishing total ponderomotoric force is approximated in a new way for a model of a realistically shaped insulator. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of the axial vibration of screw on residence time distribution in single‐screw extruders
Authors: Qu Jinping , Feng Yanhong , He Hezhi , Jin Gang , Cao Xianwu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn analytic model has been developed to analyze the residence time distribution of melt in the screw channel of the melt conveying section in a novel extruder of which the screw can vibrate axially. A comparison of the residence time distribution of melt in screw channel with and without vibration shows that the residence time of melt increases with the apply of vibration and the larger the vibration frequency and amplitude are, the longer time it will take the melt to travel through the melt conveying section, which is in favor of the improvement of the effect of melt mixing. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:198–204, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Chemically foaming of biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate) derived from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide
Authors: Guan L.T. , Xiao M. , Meng Y.Z. , Li R.K.Y. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA composite chemical blowing agent PU8, composed of azodiformamide (AC), N,N′‐dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine (H) and other chemicals, was used to prepare the poly(propylene carbonate) foam material. The decomposition behavior of the blowing agent was investigated. The effect of blowing agent content and the foaming condition on the foaming of poly(propylene carbonate) was studied in detail. The results suggested that 10 phr PU8 is the optimum formulation to afford a desired poly(propylene carbonate) foam. The morphologies and compression strength of the poly(propylene carbonate) foam were studied using a scanning electron microscope and tensile tester, respectively. The foam with a blowing ratio of 16 can be obtained under an optimum foaming condition at 160°C for 30 min. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 46:153–159, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Elimination of orientation in perfluorinated ionomer membranes
Authors: Elliott J.A. , Hanna S. , Newton J.N. , Elliott A.M.S. , Cooley G.E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn investigation was performed into the effect of processing on microstructural orientation in the perfluorinated ionomer membrane, Nafion® (registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company). The aim of the study was to explore methods by which such orientation, determined from the azimuthal width of the small‐angle X‐ray “cluster” peak, could be reduced or eliminated. The processing consisted of biaxial deformation, both of the commercial membrane and the precursor resin, as well as high‐temperature treatment of the Nafion membrane. It was found that membranes produced by film blowing were less oriented than commercial membranes produced by flat‐film extrusion of the precursor. Biaxial drawing of commercial membranes at temperatures above the glass‐transition temperature of the fluorocarbon matrix (Tg,m) resulted in a reduction in orientation. However, even the most isotropic of these samples were significantly more oriented than membranes made by film blowing. Orientation was eliminated from commercial membranes by annealing at temperatures above Tg,m for periods in excess of 24 h. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:228–234, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers