bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic gait and subjective analysis of the effects of a tachykinin receptor antagonist in dogs with sodium urate–induced synovitis
Authors: Punke John P. , Speas Abbie L. , Reynolds Lisa R. , Claxton Ralph F. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To examine the ability of preemptive administration of a proprietary neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist to attenuate limb dysfunction associated with monosodium urate–induced synovitis in the stifle joints of dogs.
Animals—16 clinically normal adult mixed-breed dogs (8 males and 8 females).
Procedures—A crossover study was conducted in 2 phases. Dogs were assigned to 2 groups (8 dogs/group) and orally administered an NK1 receptor antagonist (3 mg/kg) or a control substance once daily for 4 days. Synovitis was then induced in the left stifle joint by intra-articular injection of monosodium urate. Investigators were not aware of treatment group assignments. Dogs were evaluated by use of subjective lameness scores during standing, walking, and trotting and by use of ground reaction force data 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours after urate injection. After a 21-day washout period, the experiment was repeated with each dog administered the other treatment and injected with monosodium urate in the contralateral stifle joint.
Results—No significant differences were detected between the NK1 receptor antagonist and control treatments with regard to peak vertical force, vertical impulse area, or subjective evaluations of lameness during standing, walking, or trotting, except during walking 24 hours after monosodium urate injection.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Preemptive administration of an NK1 receptor antagonist failed to significantly improve subjective or objective outcome measures in dogs with monosodium urate–induced synovitis.
Prevalence of reduced fibrinogen binding to platelets in a population of Thoroughbreds
Authors: Norris Jeffrey W. , Pratt Suzanne M. , Hunter Jessica F. , Gardner Ian A. , Tablin Fern 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To measure the frequency and magnitude of reduced fibrinogen binding in a population of horses from a Thoroughbred breeding farm.
Animals—444 Thoroughbred horses, 1 to 27 years old, including 316 females, 72 geldings, and 56 sexually intact males.
Procedures—Blood was collected from horses into tubes containingacid citrate dextrose adenine, and washed platelets were examined by use of flow cytometry for their ability to bind fibrinogen.
Results—Data regarding fibrinogen binding to activated platelets were normally distributed, with nearly identical amounts of variation regardless of sex. In 3 horses, fibrinogen binding to platelets was reduced from 67.6% to 83.4%, compared with normal platelets, which indicated an inability of platelets to aggregate in response to thrombin (0.1 U/mL).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Platelet fibrinogen binding of the affected horses identified in this study was characteristic of a reported heritable bleeding disorder in which the reduction in fibrinogen binding correlated with prolonged bleeding times in template bleeding assays. The bleeding disorder is distinct from Glanzmann thrombasthenia, in which platelets fail to bind fibrinogen because of lack of αllb-β3 integrin on their surface. The prevalence of affected horses within the small sample population studied here (0.7% [n = 3]) is considerably higher than the prevalence of bleeding disorders within more genetically diverse groups.
Risk factors for proximal sesamoid bone fractures associated with exercise history and horseshoe characteristics in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Anthenill Lucy A. , Stover Susan M. , Gardner Ian A. , Hill Ashley E. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To assess individual and combined associations of high-speed exercise and horseshoe characteristics with risk of forelimb proximal sesamoid bone fractures and proximal sesamoid bone midbody fractures in Thoroughbred racehorses.
Animals—269 deceased Thoroughbred racehorses.
Procedures—A case-control study design was used to compare 121 horses with a fracture of at least 1 of 4 forelimb proximal sesamoid bones (75 horses had a midbody fracture) and 148 horses without a forelimb proximal sesamoid bone fracture. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate potential risk factors for association with proximal sesamoid bone fracture.
Results—Compared with horses that died without proximal sesamoid bone fractures, horses that died with proximal sesamoid bone fractures were more likely to be sexually intact males, spend more time in active trainingand racing, complete more events, train and race longer since their last layup, have higher exercise intensities during the 12 months prior to death, and have greater cumulative distances for their career. Horses with proximal sesamoid bone midbody fractures were more likely to be sexually intact males, train and race longer since their last layup, and have higher exercise intensities during the 12 months prior to death.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Limitingexercise intensity and the continuous time spent in activity duringa horse's career may decrease the frequency of forelimb proximal sesamoid bone fractures in Thoroughbred horses.
Optimization of a species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in canine fecal specimens
Authors: Gookin Jody L. , Stauffer Stephen H. , Coccaro Maria R. , Marcotte Miriam J. , Levy Michael G. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the optimum reaction conditions and detection limits of PCR assay for identification of Pentatrichomonas hominis in DNA extracted from canine feces.
Sample Population—DNA extracted from feces of 4 dogs with diarrhea from which trichomonads were observed, 81 dogs that had feces submitted to a diagnostic laboratory, and 19 dogs residing in a laboratory animal facility.
Procedures—Optimum reaction conditions and absolute and practical detection limits of 2 P hominis 18S species-specific primer pairs were determined by use of an in vitro cultivated canine isolate of P hominis in the presence and absence of canine feces. The optimized PCR assay was applied to amplification of P hominis 18S rRNA genes from DNA extracted from the feces of dogs.
Results—Under optimized conditions, a primer pair was identified as able to detect as few as 1 P hominis organism/180-mg fecal sample. The PCR assay identified P hominis in diarrheic feces of 4 dogs in which trichomonads were seen by light microscopy. The P hominis genes were not amplified from other fecal samples examined.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Molecular identification of P hominis in feces of 4 dogs with trichomonosis and diarrhea reported here validates the identity of this species in such infections. Sensitive and specific PCR amplification of P hominis 18S rRNA genes from DNA extracted from feces will directly facilitate studies examining pathogenicity of this trichomonad and enable differentiation of P hominis from other known or novel species of trichomonads that may infect the gastrointestinal tract of dogs.
Brain proteins interacting with the tetramerization region of non-erythroid alpha spectrin
Authors: Oh Younsang , Fung Leslie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe N-terminal region of non-erythroid alpha spectrin (SpαII) is responsible for interacting with its binding partner, beta spectrin, to form functional spectrin tetramers. We used a yeast-two-hybrid system, with an N-terminal segment of alpha spectrin representing the functional tetramerization site, as a bait to screen human brain c-DNA library for proteins that interact with the alpha spectrin segment. In addition to several beta spectrin isoforms, we identified 14 proteins that interact with SpαII. Seven of the 14 were matched to 6 known proteins: Duo protein, Lysyl-tRNA synthetase, TBP associated factor 1, two isoforms (b and c) of a protein kinase A interacting protein and Zinc finger protein 333 (2 different segments). Four of the 6 proteins are located primarily in the nucleus, suggesting that spectrin plays important roles in nuclear functions. The remaining 7 proteins were unknown to the protein data base. Structural predictions show that many of the 14 proteins consist of a large portion of unstructured regions, suggesting that many of these proteins fold into a rather flexible conformation. It is interesting to note that all but 3 of the 14 proteins are predicted to consist of one to four coiled coils (amphiphilic helices). A mutation in SpαII, V22D, which interferes with the coiled coil bundling of SpαII with beta spectrin, also affects SpαII interaction with Duo protein, TBP associated factor 1 and Lysyl-tRNA synthetase, suggesting that they may compete with beta spectrin for interaction with SpαII. Future structural and functional studies of these proteins to provide interaction mechanisms will no doubt lead to a better understanding of brain physiology and pathophysiology.
The complete structure of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) chloroplast genome: Its composition and comparative analysis
Authors: Pląder Wojciech , Yukawa Yasushi , Sugiura Masahiro , Malepszy Stefan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe complete nucleotide sequence of the cucumber (C. sativus L. var. Borszczagowski) chloroplast genome has been determined. The genome is composed of 155,293 bp containing a pair of inverted repeats of 25,191 bp, which are separated by two single-copy regions, a small 18,222-bp one and a large 86,688-bp one. The chloroplast genome of cucumber contains 130 known genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes (4 rRNA species), and 37 tRNA genes (30 tRNA species), with 18 of them located in the inverted repeat region. Of these genes, 16 contain one intron, and two genes and one ycf contain 2 introns. Twenty-one small inversions that form stem-loop structures, ranging from 18 to 49 bp, have been identified. Eight of them show similarity to those of other species, while eight seem to be cucumber specific. Detailed comparisons of ycf2 and ycf15, and the overall structure to other chloroplast genomes were performed.
Background Atmospheric Levels of Aldehydes, BTEX and PM10 Pollutants in a Medium‐Sized City of Southern Italy
Authors: Iovino Pasquale , Salvestrini Stefano , Capasso Sante 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground atmospheric levels of aldehydes, BTEX and PM10 pollutants were measured in the suburb of Caserta (Italy), 75 thousands inhabitants, 41° 04' N, on rainless weekdays and weekends during 2005. On weekdays the average daily concentrations (μg m‐3) were 41.6 PM10, 8.6 benzene, 25.2 toluene, 6.3 ethylbenzene, 14.0 (m+p)‐xylene, 11.7 o‐xylene, 6.5 formaldehyde, 3.3 acetaldehyde. All the pollutant concentrations were strictly correlated (mean correlation coefficients = 0.90). At weekends the concentrations were lower by about 1.6 times. Both on weekdays and at weekends the PM10 and benzene levels exceeded the limits set by the EU Directive 30/1999 and 69/2000, respectively.
Papaverine PVC Membrane Ion‐Selective Electrodes Based on its Ion‐Exchangers with Tetraphenylborate and Tetrathiocyanate Anions
Authors: Abbas Mohammed Noor‐Eldeen , Mostafa Gamal Abdel‐Hafiz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe construction and general performance of novel potentiometric membrane ion selective electrodes for determination of papaverine hydrochloride has been described. They are based on the formation of the ion association complexes of papaverine (PA) with tetraphenylborate (TPB)(I) or tetrathiocyanate (TTC)(II) counter anions as electro‐active material dispersed in a PVC matrix. The electrodes show fast, stable, near Nernstian response for 1×10‐2 to 6×10‐5 M and 1×10‐2 to 1×10‐5 M for PA‐TPB and PA‐TTC respectively at 25 °C over the pH range of 3‐5.0 with a cationic slope of ∼ 56.5±0.5 mV/decade for both sensors respectively. The lower detection limit is 4×10‐5 and 8×10‐6 M for PA‐ I and PA‐II respectively with fast response time ranging from 20‐45 sec. Selectivity coefficients for PA relative to a number of interfering substances were investigated. There is a negligible interference from the studied cations, anions, and pharmaceutical excipients. The determination of 4.0‐3000.0 μg/ml of PA in aqueous solutions shows an average recovery of 99.1 % and a mean relative standard deviation of 1.4 at 100 μg/ml. The direct determination of PA in some formulations (Vasorin injection) gave results that compare favorably with those obtained using the British Pharmacopoeia method. Potentiometric titration of PA with sodium tetraphenylborate and potassium thiocyanate as titrants utilizing the papaverine electrode as an end point indicator electrode has been carried out.
Controlled Release of Volatiles under Mild Reaction Conditions: From Nature to Everyday Products
Authors: Herrmann Andreas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVolatile organic compounds serve in nature as semiochemicals for communication between species, and are often used as flavors and fragrances in our everyday life. The quite limited longevity of olfactive perception has led to the development of pro‐perfumes or pro‐fragrances—ideally nonvolatile and odorless fragrance precursors which release the active volatiles by bond cleavage. Only a limited amount of reaction conditions, such as hydrolysis, temperature changes, as well as the action of light, oxygen, enzymes, or microorganisms, can be used to liberate the many different chemical functionalities. This Review describes the controlled chemical release of fragrances and discusses additional challenges such as precursor stability during product storage as well as some aspects concerning toxicity and biodegradability. As the same systems can be applied in different areas of research, the scope of this Review covers fragrance delivery as well as the controlled release of volatiles in general.
Collection of marine invertebrates for the aquarium trade in European waters: is anyone surveying?
Authors: Calado Ricardo , Dinis Maria Teresa 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Recently, the snails Hinia reticulatus, Cyclope neritea and Cerithium rupestre and the hermit crabs Diogenes pugilator and Clibanarius erythropus from warm European coastal waters have started to be commercially collected and traded.
The average number (± standard deviation) of specimens captured per hour, by collectors were 475±237 for H. reticulatus, 363±112 for C. neritea, 384±173 for C. rupestre, 302±121 for D. pugilator and 210±54 for C. erythropus.
All species survived well during transportation, were popular among aquarium hobbyists and attained high retail values, ranging from €0.90 to €4.00 per specimen.
The collection and trade of these novel commercial species can either become a sole economic activity or an additional one for traditional fishermen and aquaculturists.
Although no destructive collection techniques are employed, the lack of population biology studies and legislation regulating the capture of these species is a major problem in ensuring the sustainable use of these highly valuable marine resources.
These species are currently mainly collected from natural parks areas protected by Portuguese and European Union designations.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of recurrence 5 years or more after primary Lichtenstein mesh and sutured inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Bisgaard T , Bay-Nielsen M , Christensen I J , Kehlet H 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
The risk of recurrence of inguinal hernia within 5 years of repair is lower after mesh than sutured repair in men, but no large-scale studies have compared the risk of recurrence beyond 5 years.

Methods
The Danish Hernia Database prospectively collects data on almost all primary inguinal hernia repairs in men (older than 18 years). This study used data recorded over 8 years, analysing reoperations for recurrent hernia in the intervals 0–30 months, 30–60 months and 60–96 months after operation.

Results
The reoperation rate was significantly lower after Lichtenstein open mesh repairs than open sutured repairs (Cox hazard ratio (HR) 0·45 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·39 to 0·51) for 0–30 months after surgery; HR 0·38 (95 per cent c.i. 0·29 to 0·49) for 30–60 months). In 13 674 primary inguinal hernia repairs with an observation interval of 5 years or more, the risk of reoperation after Lichtenstein repair was a quarter of that after sutured repair (HR 0·25 (95 per cent c.i. 0·16 to 0·40) for 60–96 months after surgery). After 5 years, the reoperation rate increased continuously after sutured repair but not after mesh repair.

Conclusion
Lichtenstein mesh repair for inguinal hernia prevented recurrence beyond 5 years after the primary operation, but sutured repair did not.
Steatosis predicts postoperative morbidity following hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis
Authors: Gomez D , Malik H Z , Bonney G K , Wong V , Toogood G J , Lodge J P A , Prasad K R 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
Few studies are available on the effect of steatosis on perioperative outcome following hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM).

Methods
Patients undergoing resection for CRLM from January 2000 to September 2005 were identified from a hepatobiliary database. Data analysed included laboratory measurements, extent of hepatic resection, blood transfusion requirements and steatosis.

Results
There were 386 patients with a median age of 66 (range 32–87) years, of whom 201 had at least one co-morbid condition and 194 had an American Society of Anesthesiologists grade of I. Anatomical resection was performed in 279 patients and non-anatomical resection in 107; 165 had additional procedures. Steatosis in 194 patients was classified as mild in 122, moderate in 60 and severe in 12. The overall morbidity rate was 36 per cent (139 patients) and the mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (seven patients). Admission to the intensive care unit, morbidity, infective complications and biochemical profile changes were associated with greater severity of steatosis. Independent predictors of morbidity were steatosis, extent of hepatic resection and blood transfusion.

Conclusion
Steatosis is associated with increased morbidity following hepatic resection. Other predictors of outcome were extent of hepatic resection and blood transfusion.
Charitable giving: the effectiveness of a revised theory of planned behaviour model in predicting donating intentions and behaviour
Authors: Smith Joanne R. , McSweeney Andreè 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA revised theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model was used to determine the influence of attitudes, norms (injunctive, descriptive and moral norms), perceived behavioural control, and past behaviour on intentions to donate money to charitable organisations. Respondents (N = 227) completed a questionnaire assessing the constructs of the revised TPB model. Four weeks later, a subsample of respondents (N = 67) reported their donating behaviour. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed support for the revised TPB model. Attitudes, perceived behavioural control, injunctive norms, moral norms and past behaviour all predicted charitable giving intentions; however, descriptive norms did not predict donating intentions. Donating intentions were the only significant predictor of donating behaviour at Time 2. In addition, a number of beliefs differentiated between those who did and did not intend to donate to charity. Theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching critical psychology of ‘race’ issues: problems in promoting anti‐racist practice
Authors: Ahmed Bipasha 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to illustrate the difficulties faced by teachers of issues related to ‘race’ and racism in psychology when trying to develop anti‐racist practice in their teaching. I argue that the promotion of anti‐racist practice can be impeded by the institutionalised cultures of some psychology departments and that such cultures have developed out of an over‐reliance on positivist ideas. Positivism obscures the fact that knowledge is constructed from positions of power and privilege, which in turn obscures the social and ideological construction of ‘race’. This is clearly a problem when trying to develop anti‐racist practice in teaching. It also leads to fixed ideas about what should be included in teaching content and what can be considered as good pedagogical practice, where notions of ‘balance’ and ‘neutrality’ are advocated, effectively overriding arguments for understanding the dynamics of knowledge production. It also obscures the power and privilege associated with workings of ‘whiteness’. I illustrate this by presenting examples from my own experiences of teaching ‘race’ issues on undergraduate degree courses. I conclude with suggestions for developing anti‐racist teaching by proposing a collective reflexive approach to changing institutional cultures that are currently at odds with anti‐racist practice. I also invite further discussion and suggestions on how best to achieve such collective conscientisation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impulse‐based dynamic simulation in linear time
Authors: Bender Jan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes an impulse‐based dynamic simulation method for articulated bodies which has a linear time complexity. Existing linear‐time methods are either based on a reduced‐coordinate formulation or on Lagrange multipliers. The impulse‐based simulation has advantages over these well‐known methods. Unlike reduced‐coordinate methods, it handles nonholonomic constraints like velocity‐dependent ones and is very easy to implement. In contrast to Lagrange multiplier methods the impulse‐based approach has no drift problem and an additional stabilisation is not necessary. The presented method computes a simulation step inO(n) time for acyclic multi‐body systems containing equality constraints. Closed kinematic chains can be handled by dividing the model into different acyclic parts. Each of these parts is solved independently from each other. The dependencies between the single parts are solved by an iterative method. In the same way inequality constraints can be integrated in the simulation process in order to handle collisions and permanent contacts with dynamic and static friction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive control in cartoon data reusing
Authors: Yu Jun , Zhuang Yueting , Xiao Jun , Chen Cheng 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel approach, which reuses Traditional Chinese Cartoon to create new animations. In order to extract the cartoon character precisely, a segmentation method based on edge detection is implemented. Before reusing the data, a lower‐ dimensional space of the cartoon data is constructed by ISOmap. The character's gesture difference calculated by optical flow is combined with character's edge difference through a novel distance function, which is controlled by a weight parameter. The animation is created by reordering the existing data into a sequence, which is the shortest path between two designated data in the space. Our approach utilizes image processing, computer vision, and machine learning in cartoon creation and the experiment results demonstrate that the animation's quality can be effectively improved by the fusion of these techniques. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.