bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking‐attributable periodontal disease in the Australian adult population
Authors: Do Loc G. , Slade Gary D. , Roberts‐Thomson Kaye F. , Sanders Anne E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground: The extent to which periodontitis is attributable to smoking in Australia has not been examined.Objectives: To investigate the smoking–periodontitis relationship and to estimate the public health impact of smoking on periodontitis in Australia.Material and Methods: The National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004–2006 collected nationally representative oral epidemiologic data for the Australian adult population. Examiners measured probing pocket depth (PPD) and gingival recession at three sites per tooth to compute clinical attachment level (CAL). Moderate‐severe cases were defined as having: 2 interproximal sites (not on same tooth) with 4 mm CAL or with 5 mm PPD. Smoking status was defined as never‐, former‐ or current‐smoker. Current‐smokers were further classified into light‐, moderate‐ or heavy‐smoker using calculated pack‐years. Age, sex and socioeconomic position were examined as potential confounders.Results: Twenty‐three per cent were former‐smokers and 15% were current‐smokers. Prevalence of periodontitis was 23%. In unadjusted analyses, former‐ and current‐smokers had significantly higher periodontitis prevalence than never‐smokers. Relative to non‐smokers, adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) for periodontitis were as follows: former‐smokers: 1.22 (1.03–1.46), moderate‐smokers: 1.63 (1.16–2.30); and heavy‐smokers: 1.64 (1.27–2.12). The population attributable fraction of smoking for moderate‐severe periodontitis was 32% (equivalent to 700,000 adults).Conclusion: Smoking has a significant impact on periodontal health of the Australian adults.
Prevalence of periodontitis and DMFT index in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Brito Fernanda , Barros Fabiana Cervo de , Zaltman Cyrla , Pugas Carvalho Ana Teresa , De Vasconcellos Carneiro Antonio Jose , Fischer Ricardo Guimarães , Gustafsson Anders , De Silva Figueredo Carlos Marcelo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: To compare the prevalence of periodontal disease and the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) with those without these diseases.Material and Methods: Ninety‐nine CD (39.0 SD±12.9 years), 80 UC (43.3 SD±13.2) and 74 healthy controls (40.3 SD±12.9) were compared for DMFT index and presence of periodontitis. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque and DMFT index were measured on all subjects. The presence of periodontitis was defined as having CAL 3 mm in at least four sites in different teeth.Results: Significantly more patients with UC (90.0%; p<0.001) and CD (81.8%; p=0.03) had periodontitis than controls (67.6%). Among smokers, UC patients had significantly more periodontitis. CD had a greater mean DMFT score (18.7 versus 13.9; p=0.031) compared with controls and UC had greater median PPD (2.2 versus 1.7 mm; p<0.0001) than controls. Among non‐smokers, CD (2.4 mm; p<0.0001) and UC showed deeper pockets (2.3 mm; p<0.0001) compared with controls (1.5 mm). UC had a greater mean DMFT score (15.3 versus 12.1; p=0.037) compared with controls.Conclusions: CD and UC patients had higher DMFT and prevalence of periodontitis than controls, but smoking was an effect modifier.
Bleeding on probing differentially relates to bacterial profiles: the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study
Authors: Demmer Ryan T. , Papapanou Panos N. , Jacobs Jr. David R. , Desvarieux Moïse 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: Various bacterial species are differentially prevalent in periodontal health, gingivitis or periodontitis. We tested the independent associations between three bacterial groupings and gingival inflammation in an epidemiological study.Material and Methods: In 706 Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST) participants 55 years, bleeding on probing (BoP), pocket depth (PD) and subgingival plaque samples (n=4866) were assessed in eight sites per mouth. Eleven bacterial species were quantitatively assayed and grouped as follows: (i) aetiologic burden (EB, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia); (ii) putative burden (PB, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Micromonas micros, Prevotella intermedia); (iii) health‐associated burden (HAB, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula).Results: After mutual adjustment for EB, PB and HAB, the BoP prevalence increased by 45% ( p<0.0001) across increasing quartiles of EB while BoP decreased by 13% ( p<0.0001) across increasing quartiles of HAB. Mean PD increased 0.8 mm and decreased 0.3 mm from the first to fourth quartiles of EB (p<0.0001) and HAB ( p<0.0001), respectively. Among 1214 plaque samples with fourth quartile EB, 60% were collected from sites with PD 3 mm.Conclusion: Bacterial species believed to be aetiologically related to periodontitis were associated with BoP in sites with minimal PD and/or attachment level (AL). Species presumed to be associated with periodontal health demonstrated inverse associations with BoP.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Decidual Natural Killer Cell Tuning by Autologous Dendritic Cells
Authors: Laškarin Gordana , Redžović Arnela , Rubeša Željka , Mantovani Alberto , Allavena Paola , Haller Herman , Vlastelić Ivan , Rukavina Daniel 
Published: April 2008

Problem  Dendritic cells (DC)/natural killer (NK) cells interactions in the deciduas of early human pregnancies were analyzed in vitro.Method of study  Phenotype, cytokine expression and/or cytolytic mediators’ expression were measured by flow cytometry in NK and DC from the freshly isolated decidual mononuclear cells or after their purification and co‐culture in vitro. Proliferation of 5(6)‐Carboxyfluorescein diacetate N‐succinimidyl ester (CFSE)‐labeled CD56+ cells was analyzed by flow cytometry after the co‐culture with CD1a+ or CD83+ DC.Results  Decidual CD1a+ cells show less mature phenotype with no expression of CD197, lower expression of CD80 and CD86 and higher expression of CD206 and CD195 in comparison to CD83+ cells. Interleukin (IL)‐15, interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α productions were higher in immature than mature DC, whereas IL‐10 and IL‐18 were equally produced in both subpopulations. Immature DC increase perforin, FasL and TRAIL protein expression and proliferation of NK cells, but decrease their intracellular IL‐15 production. Mature DC caused less efficient proliferation of NK cells, and did not affect cytokine and cytolytic mediator expression.Conclusion These results suggest that decidual CD1a+ cells regulate and shape NK cell function more profoundly than CD83+ cells in decidua.
Light chain multiple myeloma with cutaneous AL amyloidosis
Authors: Becker Maria Rita , Rompel Rainer , Plum Jörg , Gaiser Timo 
Published: April 2008

SummaryCutaneous AL amyloidosis is one complication of multiple myeloma. In our patient, painful sclerotic skin changes on the extremities and macroglossia were the presenting features which led to a more detailed investigation and the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Histological examination revealed cutaneous deposits of amyloid which were positive with Congo red stain and had an apple green color in polarized light.
Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology – an Update 2008
Authors: Klein Annette , Babilas Philipp , Karrer Sigrid , Landthaler Michael , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus 
Published: April 2008

SummaryPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the prevention and treatment of non‐melanoma skin cancer. Until recently, clinically approved indications have been restricted to actinic keratoses, nodular and superficial basal cell carcinoma, and – since 2006 – Bowen disease. However, the range of indications has been expanding continuously. PDT is also used for the treatment of non‐malignant conditions such as acne vulgaris and leishmaniasis, as well as for treating premature skin aging due to sun exposure. Here, PDT is used for the stimulation of immunomodulatory effects in contrast to the induction of necrosis and apoptosis as produced in the treatment of skin tumors. The porphyrin precursor 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or its methyl ester (MAL, so far the only approved formulation in Europe) is applied topically as photosensitizer to exclude systemic reactions. Possible light sources include lasers as well as incoherent light sources; irradiation with incoherent light sources is cheaper and more appropriate for large treatment areas. The main advantages of PDT in comparison to other treatment modalities are its excellent cosmetic results and its high remission rates despite low invasiveness.This article provides up‐to‐date information about PDT with focus on recently published studies.
Hemispheric American Studies: Preliminary Thoughts on Research and Pedagogical Challenges
Authors: Levander Caroline 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOver the past two decades, important work in many academic disciplines has increasingly begun to break down many of the regional and national boundaries that have long characterized the study of the Americas. Future research and curriculum on the hemisphere will, no doubt, continue to emphasize comparative and cross regional studies. What happens to U.S. and Americas literary and cultural studies if we recognize the asymmetry and interdependency of nation‐state development throughout the hemisphere? This is the question the following article addresses.
‘This Diabolical Generation’– The Ranters and the Devil
Authors: Labuzetta Evan 
Published: April 2008

Abstract This essay won the 2007 Literature Compass Graduate Essay Prize, Seventeenth Century Section. This paper argues that the case of the Ranters can help illuminate how attitudes about authority and rebellion were changing in mid‐seventeenth‐century England, and how that process was influenced by printed pamphlets. The Ranters themselves were a print phenomenon – a group largely defined by oppositional writers. These writers applied the traditionally pejorative figure of Satan to the Ranters as a means of denunciation and literal demonization. However, this process was pursued haphazardly and applied to a wide variety of actual beliefs, resulting in a newly complicated meaning of what it meant to be an outsider, a rebel, or a devil. Satan became associated more with an impulse for tearing down and negating established categories of moral behavior, and this mitigated his traditional pejorative associations precisely because it challenged the ability of an observer to say that something was ‘immoral’. The association of Satan with the Ranters figures into a much broader seventeenth‐century re‐evaluation of authority, rebellion, and the figure of the Grand Rebel himself.
Re‐Envisioning the Sublime: L.E.L.'sValley of Linmouth
Authors: Svampa Maria Paola 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis essay won the 2007Literature CompassGraduate Essay Prize, Romanticism Section.The English romantic poetess Letitia Elizabeth Landon (1802–38), better known as L.E.L., publishedValley of Linmouthin Fisher'sDrawing Room Scrap‐Bookin 1836. This article examines this single poem and reconsiders the interaction between the message of form and the logic of content. Predicated on the belief that Landon's re‐envisioning of the myths of the sublime and of the solitary genius may be most fully appreciated only through greater attention to language, form, and style, this analysis examines her work in relation to Immanuel Kant'sAnalytic of the Sublime, showing how she attempted to escape the Burkean gendered dichotomy of the beautifulversusthe sublime. Additionally, it highlights the dialogue Landon established with some texts of other English romantic poets. Understanding of Landon's form is critical to avoiding relegation of her work to ‘formlessness’, thus endorsing the traditional prejudice against women's poetry.Valley of Linmouth's combination of clear structure and subtle ambiguities demands a closer reading; comparison of the poem to other texts, and consideration of the same within the entire context of production of Landon's works, underscores both the bold individuality and peculiarity of the poet's discourse.
The Effect of Past Performance on Expected Control and Risk Attitudes in Integrative Negotiations
Authors: Kray Laura J. , Layne Paddock E. , Galinsky Adam D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThree experiments examine the relationship between past performance and strategies and risk attitudes in integrative negotiations. We hypothesized that past performance would affect negotiators’ willingness to embrace two types of risk: strategic (i.e., information sharing in the present) versus contractual (i.e., uncertainty about the future). Consistent with the hypothesis that past success promotes strategic risk taking, dyads with a history of success were more integrative than dyads with a history of failure in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, we demonstrated that past performance impacts intentions regarding these two types of risk. Specifically, due to lower expected control over the negotiation process, past failure led negotiators to prefer a contractual risk strategy over a strategic risk strategy. In Experiment 3, we explored one implication of this tendency by showing a greater willingness of past failure negotiators to enter into a contingent agreement, which delays the outcome of the deal until a future point in time. Together these findings indicate that past performance influences not only the amount of risk negotiators assume but also the type of risk they are willing to embrace.
Making a Positive Impression in a Negotiation: Gender Differences in Response to Impression Motivation
Authors: Curhan Jared R. , Overbeck Jennifer R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPrior research has demonstrated the phenomenon ofstereotype reactance, whereby men and women behave in contrast to gender stereotypes, when those stereotypes are activated explicitly (Kray, Thompson, & Galinsky, 2001). The authors propose and present an experiment demonstrating a new mechanism for stereotype reactance—namely,impression motivation, or the degree to which people are motivated to control how others see them (Leary & Kowalski, 1990). Participants randomly assigned to represent either a high‐status recruiter or a low‐status job candidate engaged in a standard employment negotiation simulation. Half the participants were offered an additional incentive to make a positive impression on their negotiation counterparts. As hypothesized, men and women in the high‐status role responded to impression motivation in a manner that contradicted gender stereotypes. Men responded to impression motivation by yielding value to their subordinates, whereas women responded by claiming value for themselves.
Ascorbate Enhances Photogeneration of Hydrogen Peroxide Mediated by the Iris Melanin†
Authors: Wielgus Albert R. , Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe iris in the human eye is exposed to UV and visible light transmitted by the cornea. This pigmented tissue is bathed with the aqueous humor (AqH), which contains high concentration of ascorbate. It has been postulated that the presence of ascorbate in AqH can contribute to increased photoproduction of H2O2 mediated by the iris melanin. In this study, we monitored generation of H2O2 induced by UV–VIS irradiation of bovine irides, bovine and human iris homogenates and iris melanin. Our data show that exogenous ascorbate significantly amplified the rate of H2O2 photoformation in all melanotic samples. Deactivation of endogenous catalase with NaN3 in bovine irides increased the level of the accumulated H2O2 in the bathing solution following sample irradiation. Photoformation of H2O2 in samples with exogenous ascorbate was accompanied by its photo‐oxidation. Both photoprocesses exhibited significant wavelength dependence. EPR spectroscopy measurements showed that ascorbyl radical is an intermediate product of the ascorbate photo‐oxidation. The photoproduction of H2O2 and photo‐oxidation of ascorbate appear to be stoichiometric processes. No significant differences in the photoreactivity of iridial melanin from donors of different age and iris color was found. We postulate that also in vivo ascorbate increases the rate of iris melanin‐mediated photoformation of H2O2 and its steady state concentration in AqH.
Comparable Photoreactivity of Hair Melanosomes, Eu‐ and Pheomelanins at Low Concentrations: Low Melanin a Risk Factor for UVA Damage and Melanoma?†
Authors: Haywood Rachel M. , Lee Martin , Andrady Carima 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMelanin is known to be photoreactive and photoprotective, but its function in skin in vivo is still debated. Data is lacking of the effects of UVA irradiation on human skin melanosomes of different pigmentation, which have not been extensively degraded by isolation procedures. We have shown previously that melanosomes isolated from human oriental and black cat hair, and synthetic eumelanins, are photoreactive producing superoxide at low concentrations when exposed to UVA irradiation comparable to UK levels of sunlight. Here we investigated the UVA‐irradiation of melanosomes, isolated from different colored human hair samples, using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and spin trapping. Comparable irradiation of synthetic pheomelanins synthesized from l‐dopa and l‐cysteine was also studied. An alkali method (5 min NaOH at 90°C) could be used to isolate oriental hair melanosomes but was not suitable for auburn and blonde hair. Dithiothreitol and proteinase K resulted in melanin release from possible over‐digestion of melanosomes; however, dithiothreitol and papain resulted in no melanin release and good melanosome yields with separation from residual keratin for brown, auburn and blonde hair. Melanosomes isolated by the latter method and synthetic pheomelanins were similar in UVA‐photoreactivity at low concentrations, independent of hair color, and broadly comparable to synthetic melanins. Melanosome concentration at constant fluence may be more significant with respect to photodamage and UVA photocarcinogenesis (melanoma) via superoxide radical production than pigment type.
Increased exhaled nitrite in children with allergic asthma is not related to nitric oxide formation
Authors: Zetterquist Wilhelm , Marteus Helena , Hedlin Gunilla , Alving Kjell 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntroduction:  Nitrite sampled from the upper airways could originate from inflammation‐induced nitric oxide (NO), as reports of elevated nitrite in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from asthmatics suggest, but also through bacterial action in the pharyngo‐oral tract.Objectives:  To correlate EBC nitrite and nitrate to exhaled NO (FENO, fraction of expired NO) and other markers of disease activity in children with allergic asthma and thereby further investigate their role and origin.Materials and methods: EBC was collected from 27 asthmatic subjects (ages 6–17 years, all immunoglobulin E‐positive for aeroallergens) and 21 age‐matched non‐atopic healthy controls for fluorometric analysis of nitrite and nitrate. These markers were compared with measurements of FENO, blood eosinophil count (EOS), methacholine reactivity (PD20) and baseline spirometry.Results:  EBC nitrite, in contrast to nitrate, was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the asthmatic children. They also had increased levels of FENO (P < 0.001) and EOS (P < 0.001) along with decreased PD20 (P < 0.001) and FEV1/FVC (P < 0.01). However, there was no correlation between EBC nitrite and FENO (r = 0.05) or any other marker of disease activity in the asthmatic children, whereas between the other markers correlations could be established.Conclusion:  EBC nitrite is elevated in childhood asthma but the lack of correlation to FENO and other markers, together with simultaneously normal levels of nitrate, make its origin as a metabolite of inflammation‐induced NO questionable.Please cite this paper as: Zetterquist W, Marteus H, Hedlin G and Alving G. Increased exhaled nitrite in children with allergic asthma is not related to nitric oxide formation. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 166–174.
An unusual cause of diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage
Authors: Hui Cathryn 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntroduction:  Diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage is a potentially life‐threatening complication of a variety of conditions. Tumours, including angiosarcoma lung metastases, are an unusual cause of pulmonary haemorrhage.Methods:  Report of a case.Results:  This case describes a 38‐year‐old previously healthy male who presented with chest wall bruising followed by haemoptysis and a cerebellar haemorrhage. The patient developed diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage. A biopsy of the chest wall lesion indicated a haematoma and an open‐lung biopsy suggested the diagnosis of vasculitis. The patient died within 3 months after initial presentation and an autopsy revealed a chest wall angiosarcoma with pulmonary and cerebellar metastases.Conclusion:  Pulmonary angiosarcoma metastases should be included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage, especially in a young, previously healthy patient with normal renal function, particularly as the pathological diagnosis may be difficult and even misleading.Please cite this paper as: Hui C. An unusual cause of diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 183–186.
Dental findings in Kabuki make‐up syndrome: a case report
Authors: Rocha Cristiane Tomaz , Peixoto Iza Teixeira Alves , Fernandes Patrícia Motta , Torres Carolina Paes , De Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis article documents the case history of a 9‐year‐old Brazilian child diagnosed with Kabuki make‐up syndrome (KMS). The clinical features are described, with emphasis on the craniofacial and orodental manifestations. The patient had the distinctive KMS craniofacial features consisting of long palpebral fissure, hypertelorism, high‐arched eyebrows with sparse hair in the lateral one‐third, eyes with eversion of the lateral one‐third of the lower eyelids, long and curved eyelashes, palpebral ptosis, large anteverted prominent ears in a lower position, broad, depressed nasal root with a flat nasal tip, and mild neuropsychomotor developmental deficits. The intraoral examination revealed an anterior open bite, overretention of primary teeth, and a high‐arched palate. Two findings in this child have not been previously reported in patients with KMS: the presence of supernumerary teeth and taurodontic teeth in the maxillary arch. The clinical and radiographic detection of these unique dental features may be helpful in identifying children who may have milder forms of KMS.
Prevalence of dental trauma in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: De Moraes Costa Mariana Machado Teixeira , Afonso Rebeca Lima , Ruviére Denise Belucio , Aguiar Sandra Maria Herondina Coelho Ávila 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis study presents the findings of a record review that evaluated the prevalence of dental trauma in patients with cerebral palsy and evaluated its possible relationship with age, type of palsy, and epilepsy. The dental records of 2,200 patients with special needs admitted to the special care clinic of the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba/UNESP, Brazil, between 1998 and 2003 were reviewed. Of the records that were analyzed, 500 patients who had cerebral palsy were selected for this study. Information regarding age, gender, type of palsy and dental trauma was collected and statistically analyzed.It was observed that 10.6% of the subjects (n = 53) had sustained dental trauma. The number of traumatized teeth was 84. Enamel or enamel/dentin fractures were the most frequent types of traumatic injury (84.9%). The permanent maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth (50%). The frequency of traumatic injuries showed no significant correlation (p> .05) with the type of cerebral palsy or gender and they were more frequent in subjects between the ages of 0 and 12 years. Having epilepsy was not a statistically significant risk factor (p> .05) for dental trauma.