bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water‐Soluble Sal2en‐ and Reduced Sal2en‐Type Ligands: Study of Their CuII and NiII Complexes in the Solid State and in Solution
Authors: Correia Isabel , Dornyei Agnes , Jakusch Tamás , Avecilla Fernando , Kiss Tamás , Costa Pessoa João 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe CuII and NiII complexes of the Schiff base pyr2en [N,N′‐ethylenebis(pyridoxyliminato)] and reduced Schiff bases Rpyr2en [N,N′‐ethylenebis(pyridoxylaminato)] and R(SO3–sal)2en (SO3–sal = salicylaldehyde‐5‐sulfonate) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy. The structure of Ni(pyr2en)·3H2O was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The pyr2en2– ligand is coordinated through two phenolate‐O and imine‐N atoms, in a distorted square‐planar geometry. The complexation of CuII and NiII with Rpyr2en in aqueous solution is studied by pH‐potentiometry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as by EPR spectroscopy for the CuII system, and 1H NMR spectroscopy for the NiII system. Complex formation constants were determined and binding modes proposed. While for the CuII system all complexes present a 1:1 stoichiometry with different protonation states, for the NiII system the 2:1 (L/M) complexes become important in the basic pH range at a higher ligand excess. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Assessment of carcinogenic potential of repeated fish fried oil in mice
Authors: Pandey Manoj K. , Das Mukul 
Published: May 2006

AbstractOur prior studies have shown that single topical treatment of repeated fish fried oil extract (RFFE), containing various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to the dorsal epidermis of mice caused enhancement of DNA damage along with higher expression of p53 and p21WAF1 proteins and cell‐cycle arrest. In the present study carcinogenic potential of repeated fish fried oil (RFFO) and RFFE was assessed. Single topical application of RFFO (100 µL/animal) and RFFE (100–500 µg/animal) to Swiss albino female mice resulted in significant induction (1.8‐ to 7.4‐fold) of ornithine decarboxylase activity. Twice weekly topical application of methylcholanthrene (MCA) for 24 wk or single topical application of 7,12‐dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) or RFFO or RFFE, as initiator followed by twice weekly application of 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl phorbol myristate acetate (TPA) as promoter for 24 wk, resulted in development of skin papillomas after 6, 7, 18, and 9 wk, respectively. The cumulative number of tumors in MCA, DMBA/TPA, RFFE (200 µg)/TPA, and RFFE (500 µg)/TPA groups were 276, 168, 34, and 58 after 24 wk while negligible or minimal initiating activity was noticed in RFFO/TPA group. No tumors were found in animals either given twice weekly topical application of RFFO or a single initiating dose of DMBA followed by twice weekly application of RFFO. Histopathology of skin of animals treated with RFFE/TPA showed marked proliferation of epidermal layers along with abnormal mitosis and multinucleated tumor appearance. Skin of animals in groups RFFO/TPA and DMBA/RFFO showed sloughing and regeneration of epidermal layers, oedema along with proliferation of fibroblasts. Histochemical localization of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase was found to be substantially higher in skin of mice treated with RFFO/TPA and RFFE/TPA. Animals treated with RFFO/TPA, DMBA/RFFO, and RFFE/TPA resulted in significant induction of cutaneous aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) (421–432%), ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase (252–316%), and glutathione S‐transferase (133–245%) activities. Animals treated with RFFO/TPA, DMBA/RFFO, and RFFE/TPA led to significant reduction in glutathione content (39–44%) with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation (254–492%). Animals treated with RFFO/TPA and RFFE/TPA led a significant decrease in catalase (43–69%) and superoxide dismutase (20–31%) activities while glutathione reductase activity was found to be diminished (23–51%) in RFFO, RFFO/TPA, DMBA/RFFO, and RFFE/TPA treated groups. These results suggest that RFFE possess skin tumor initiating activity and that it may have weak promoting activity as well, which may involve free radicals. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional analysis, real‐time visualization, and automated post‐earthquake damage assessment of buildings
Authors: Naeim F. , Lee H. , Hagie S. , Bhatia H. , Alimoradi A. , Miranda E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA set of methodologies for visualization, analysis, and automated post‐earthquake damage assessment of instrumented buildings is presented. These methods can be used immediately after an earthquake to assess the probability of various damage states in the N–S and E–W directions and throughout the height of each building. The methods have been applied to more than 80 instrumented buildings which have recordings from more than one earthquake. The results indicate that the proposed methods, when used in combination, can provide very useful information regarding the status of a building immediately after an earthquake by simple and rapid analysis of sensor data and prior to any building inspections. The methodologies and applications explained in this paper illustrate more than ever that seismic instrumentation of buildings is vital for damage assessment, learning from performance of buildings during earthquakes, enhancing engineering practice, and further development of seismic code provisions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A two-dimensional analysis of the compressible flow near a reconnection site at the dayside magnetopause
Authors: WESTERBERG LARS G. , ÅKERSTEDT HANS O. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract.A compressible model of the magnetosheath plasma flow is considered. Magnetic reconnection is assumed to occur in a region stretching from the sub-Solar point to the north. Two locations of the reconnection site are treated: two and four Earth radii from the sub-Solar point, respectively. By treating the transition layer as very thin, we solve the governing equations approximately using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The behavior of the magnetic field and the plasma velocity close to a reconnection site during the transition from the magnetosheath to the magnetosphere is investigated. We also obtain the development of the transition layer thickness north and south of the reconnection point. The magnetopause transition layer is represented by a large-amplitude Alfvén wave implying that the density is approximately the same across the magnetopause boundary. In order to match the solutions we consider a compressible ideal magnetohydrodynamic model describing density, velocity and magnetic field variations along the outer magnetopause boundary. We also compare the analytical results with solutions from a numerical simulation. The compressible effects on the structure of the magnetic field and the total velocity evolution are visible but not dramatic. It is shown that the transition layer north of the reconnection point is thinner than to the south. The effect is stronger for reconnection at higher latitudes.
Feasibility and usefulness of self‐assessment of bleeding in patients with haematological malignancies, and the association between platelet count and bleeding
Authors: Stanworth S. J. , Dyer C. , Casbard A. , Murphy M. F. 
Published: May 2006

Background and Objectives  The aim of this study was to evaluate the collection of daily prospective information about bleeding outcomes in patients with thrombocytopenia, including information obtained by patient self‐assessment.Materials and Methods  Consecutive patients with haematological malignancies were enrolled in a study of bleeding data collection during the period of thrombocytopenia. A short educational session and information sheet was designed for self‐assessment. Platelet counts and all transfusions were recorded daily. Bleeding scores were translated into World Health Organization (WHO) bleeding grades.Results  Nineteen patients were included in the study. Four‐hundred and ten days of thrombocytopenia were eligible for assessment of bleeds. Self‐assessment was feasible, as defined by the total proportion of days on which self‐assessment was completed (70%, 288 thrombocytopenic days). There was 86% agreement between bleeding data collected by self‐assessment and by medical examination using a structured assessment form. Examples of discrepancies included the duration of petechiae/bruises and the reporting of minor bleeding. There was no evidence for an association between patients’ morning platelet count and daily WHO bleeding grade. The incidences of WHO grade 1 and grade 2 bleeding on days with platelet counts ≤ 10 × 109/l, 11–20 × 109/l, and > 20 × 109/l were similar and did not reveal higher rates of bleeding at lower counts.Conclusions  Patient self‐assessment can help to support comprehensive daily prospective monitoring of bleeding, specifically facilitating data collection following hospital discharge. The discrepancies between self‐assessment and medical examination highlight the need to develop a validated international assessment tool. The association among platelet count, risk of bleeding and role of prophylactic platelet transfusions needs further evaluation in larger prospective trials.
Localization of Fibroblast Growth Factor I (Acid Fibroblast Growth Factor) and Its mRNA in the Bovine Mammary Gland During Mammogenesis, Lactation and Involution
Authors: Sinowatz F. , Schams D. , Habermann F. , Berisha B. , Vermehren M. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryGrowth factors are involved in development and function of the mammary gland. The aim of this study was the localization of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF‐1) and its mRNA in the bovine mammary gland during different developmental and functional stages. Mammary tissue was obtained from German Brown Swiss cows (n = 23) during defined stages of mammogenesis (before and during pregnancy), lactogenesis, peak lactation and involution. The distribution of FGF‐1 mRNA was studied using non‐radioactive in situ hybridization, the corresponding FGF‐protein was analysed using immunohistochemistry [avidin–biotin peroxidase complex (ABC)‐method]. A moderate to distinct staining for FGF‐mRNA was found in the epithelium of ducts and developing alveoli during mammogenesis. Post‐partum at the same cellular locations, a considerable amount of FGF‐1 mRNA, was seen that decreased during lactation. Also during early involution clear staining for FGF‐mRNA could still be observed. Immunoreactive FGF‐1 was found in considerable concentration in the epithelium of the mammary gland in heifers. The staining intensity generally decreased somewhat during mammogenesis and lactation, but could be always clearly demonstrated in the secretory epithelial cells of alveoli and glandular ducts. Also during the first day after the end of milking, the epithelium displayed a moderate to distinct epithelial immunostaining. Notably, After 4 weeks of involution, in many alveoli a shedding of the FGF‐1 positive luminal cell layer was found. In our localization studies, no strict correlation between FGF‐1 mRNA and its corresponding protein was found. The various reasons for this finding are discussed.
6q Terminal Deletion Syndrome Associated with a Distinctive EEG and Clinical Pattern: A Report of Five Cases
Authors: Elia Maurizio , Striano Pasquale , Fichera Marco , Gaggero Roberto , Castiglia Lucia , Galesi Ornella , Malacarne Michela , Pierluigi Mauro , Amato Carmelo , Musumeci Sebastiano A. , Romano Corrado , Majore Silvia , Grammatico Paola , Zara Federico , Striano Salvatore , Faravelli Francesca 
Published: May 2006

Summary:  Purpose: Mental retardation, facial dysmorphisms, and neurologic and brain abnormalities are features of 6q terminal deletions. Epilepsy is frequently associated with this chromosome abnormality, but electroclinical findings are not well delineated. We report five unrelated patients with 6q terminal deletions and a peculiar clinical, EEG, and neuroradiologic picture of epilepsy, mental retardation, and colpocephaly. Methods: These three male and two female patients underwent general and neurologic examinations, repeated awake and sleep EEGs, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A cytogenetic study and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome‐specific subtelomeric probes were carried out in all cases. Results: All subjects had seizures characterized by vomiting, cyanosis, and head and eye version, with and without loss of consciousness. In four cases, EEGs showed posterior spike‐and‐wave complexes, which were activated by sleep. No patient had status epilepticus or prolonged seizures. Brain MRI revealed colpocephaly and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and brainstem in four patients; three of them also had hypertrophic massa intermedia. FISH analysis revealed a 6q terminal deletion in all patients, which ranged between 9 Mb (cases 2 and 3) and 16 Mb (case 4). Conclusions: We suggest that epilepsy associated with 6q terminal deletions is a new entity. Patients with dysmorphic features associated with focal occipital epilepsy, colpocephaly, and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, thalami, and brainstem should be considered candidates for testing for 6q subtelomere deletions.
Orthodontic movement after periodontal regeneration of class II furcation: a pilot study in dogs
Authors: Da Silva Vanessa Camila , Cirelli Carolina Chan , Ribeiro Fernando Salimon , Costa Maurício Ribeiro , Comelli Lia Raphael Carlos , Cirelli Joni Augusto 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurpose: The effect of orthodontic movement on the periodontal tissues of maxillary second pre‐molars, after regenerative treatment for class II furcations, was evaluated in four mongrel dogs.Material and Methods: Class II furcation lesions were created. After 75 days they were treated with bovine bone mineral matrix and guided tissue regeneration with absorbable membrane. After 2 months of daily plaque control, each of the dog's furcation pre‐molars was randomly assigned to a test or control group. Orthodontic appliances were placed on both sides of the maxilla using third pre‐molars and canines as anchorages. In the test group, bodily orthodontic movement of the second pre‐molars was performed in the mesial direction for 3 months while control pre‐molars remained unmoved. The dogs were sacrificed for histometric and histologic analyses.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in total bone and biomaterial areas or linear extension of periodontal regeneration on the radicular surfaces. In the test group, however, there was a tendency to a greater quantity of bone and a lesser quantity of biomaterial.Conclusion: The orthodontic movement was not pre‐judicial to the results obtained with the regenerative periodontal treatment.
The Challenge of Change: Australian Cities and Urban Planning in the New Millennium
Authors: FORSTER CLIVE 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper reviews recent research on the changing spatial structure of Australia's major cities from the early 1990s, concentrating on (a) the location of employment and journey to work patterns, (b) the changing nature of housing, and (c) patterns of residential differentiation and disadvantage. The paper argues that the 1990s was a watershed decade during which some taken‐for‐granted aspects of Australian urban character experienced significant change. It then examines the latest generation of strategic planning documents for these major metropolitan areas, all published between 2002 and 2005, and argues that there is a mismatch between the strategies’ consensus view of desirable future urban structure, based on containment, consolidation and centres, and the complex realities of the evolving urban structures. In particular, the current metropolitan strategies do not come to terms with the dispersed, suburbanised nature of much economic activity and employment and the environmental and social issues that flow from that, and they are unconvincing in their approaches to the emerging issues of housing affordability and new, finer‐grained patterns of suburban inequality and disadvantage. Overall, the paper contends that current metropolitan planning strategies suggest an inflexible, over‐neat vision for the future that is at odds with the picture of increasing geographical complexity that emerges from recent research on the changing internal structure of our major cities.
Predictability of Extratropical Cyclones: The Influence of Initial Condition and Model Uncertainties
Authors: Zhu Hongyan , Thorpe Alan 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Errors in numerical weather forecasts can be attributed to two causes: deficiencies in the modeling system and inaccurate initial conditions. Understanding of the characteristics of the growth of forecast spread related to model uncertainty is less developed than that for initial condition uncertainty. In this research, the authors aim to construct a theoretical basis for describing such forecast error growth resulting from model uncertainty using mostly an empirical modeling approach. Primitive equation models with different vertical discretization and different horizontal resolutions are used to investigate the impacts of model uncertainties on the predictability of extratropical cyclones. Three sets of initial perturbations related to an upper-level trigger, with slightly different amplitudes, are designed for representing the situation when the initial condition uncertainty leads to significant forecast error growth.
Forecast error growth is here estimated by following the properties of a developing cyclone in the simulations. Generally, there are three phases for forecast error growth in the experiments with initial condition and model uncertainties. For the experiments with the structured initial condition uncertainties, the errors grow rapidly at the earlier transient stage, with the growth rate well above the fastest growing normal mode. Afterward the error grows exponentially at approximately the same growth rate as the cyclone, followed by a saturation period, when the growth rate starts to decline. For the experiments with the model uncertainties, the forecast errors are initially zero and increase as time to a power of μ, which is between 0.5 and 3 depending on the strength of the cyclone at the time the simulation is initiated. After a certain time interval, the exponential growth phase and saturation period start as in the initial error experiments. Starting an integration with a stronger initial cyclone, the forecast error associated with the model uncertainty takes a shorter time to reach the exponential growth period and the forecast error grows more rapidly initially with a smaller value of μ. Also, when the initial cyclone is strong enough, then the exponential growth phase may only last for a very short time.
Preparation of Novel Selenacrown Ethers and Their Complexing Abilities with Transition Metal and Heavy Metal Cations
Authors: Kumagai Takeshi , Akabori Sadatoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Cyclic polyselenaethers were prepared and their extraction abilities toward transition metal and heavy metal cations were determined. Toward methylmercury(II) cation, the extraction abilities of these selenacrown ethers were higher than those of structually corresponding thiacrown ethers. Also the structures of the complexes of these selenacrown ethers with transition metal and heavy metals were discussed.
Lipase-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Macrolactonization of Hydroxyacid Esters in an Organic Solvent
Authors: Yamada Hiroshi , Ohsawa Shoko , Sugai Takeshi , Ohta Hiromichi , Yoshikawa Sadao 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the lipase-catalyzed macrolactonization of long chain hydroxy acid methyl esters, the presence of a double bond in the acyl part was found to favor the formation of the monomeric product.
The Stereoselective Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones by the Stepwise Cross-Coupling Reaction of [E]-(2-Bromoethenyl)diisopropoxyborane
Authors: Ogima Masahiko , Hyuga Satoshi , Hara Shoji , Suzuki Akira 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The palladium catalyzed stepwise cross-coupling reaction of (E)-(2-bromoethenyl)diisopropoxyborane, readily available by bromoboration of acetylene, with α-alkoxyalkenylzinc chlorides and organic halides gives α,β-unsaturated ketones in good yields with high (E)-selectivity.
Reduction and Coupling Reaction of Imines Promoted by Ytterbium Metal
Authors: Takaki Ken , Tsubaki Yuichiro , Tanaka Shinji , Beppu Fumikazu , Fujiwara Yuzo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Ketimines are readily reduced to the corresponding amines by the treatment with ytterbium metal followed by quenching with water. On the other hand, reductive coupling reaction of aldimines takes place to give predominantly 1,2-diaminoethane derivatives.
Reaction of Tris(β-diketonato)ruthenium(III) Complexes with Strong Acids in Acetonitrile. Formation of Bis(acetonitrile)bis(β-diketonato)ruthenium(III) Complexes
Authors: Kasahara Yuko , Hoshino Yoshimasa , Shimizu Kunio , Satô Gen P 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Bis(acetonitrile)bis(β-diketonato)ruthenium(III) was readily formed through the reaction of the corresponding tris(β-diketonato)ruthenium(III) with perchloric, sulfuric, or hydrochloric acid in acetonitrile. The reaction was quantitative; the stoichiometry was 1:1 for each strong acid studied here. This reaction was employed to prepare several bis(acetonitrile)bis(β-diketonato)ruthenium(III) complexes, which proved to be convenient intermediates for the synthesis of mixed-ligand β-diketonato ruthenium(III) complexes of the [RuIIIL2L′] type.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Novel Manganese(IV) Complex with the Schiff-base Ligand Containing Two Phenolic Oxygens
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Shigematsu Shinji , Kawano Kouichi , Tokii Tadashi , Oshio Hiroki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A manganese(IV) complex with N-salicylidene-2-hydroxy-5-chlorobenzylamine (H2L), Mn(L)2·2THF (THF = tetrahydrofuran) has been prepared and characterized by X-ray structure analysis, magnetic susceptibilities (80–300 K), EPR and electronic spectra.
Maximal arcs in PG(2, q) and partial flocks of the quadratic cone
Authors: Hamilton N , Thas J. A 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In this paper we show that there are several other structures that arise from the functions associated with the maximal arcs of Mathon type. So it is shown that maximal arcs of Mathon type are equivalent to additive partial flocks of the quadratic cone in PG(3,q) and to additive partial q-clans. Further they yield partial ovoids of Q
+(5,q) partial spreads of lines of PG(3,q), translation k-arcs of PG(2,q) and m-ovoids of a certain classical generalized quadrangle.
What Is Going On in a Dance?
Authors: Beardsley Monroe C. 
Published: May 2006

I begin these rather tentative and exploratory reflections by calling upon some provocative remarks by George Beiswanger, from an essay written some years ago and later reprinted:Muscular capacity is the physical means by which dances are made. But the means becomes available to the choreographic imagination only through the operation of a metaphor, a metaphor by which a moving in the muscular sense takes on the character of a doing or goings-on. … Strictly speaking, then, dances are not made out of but upon movement, movement being the poetic bearer, the persistent metaphor, by which muscular material is made available for the enhanced, meaningful, and designed goings-on that are dance.Though this passage summarizes a view that I shall try to defend and articulate, the attempt to apply the concept of metaphor troubles me: it seems a strained extension of an otherwise reasonably clear and useful term. So instead of Beiswanger's rather mysterious “operation of a metaphor” I shall suggest we employ some concepts and principles borrowed from the philosophical theory of action. But I still like his favored expression for what we are all trying to understand better—those special “goings-on” that constitute dance.