bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) modifies proteins in the extracellular space, a novel mechanism for matrix remodeling
Authors: Salo Antti M. , Wang Chunguang , Sipilä Laura , Sormunen Raija , Vapola Miia , Kervinen Päivi , Ruotsalainen Heli , Heikkinen Jari , Myllylä Raili 
Published: January 2006

AbstractLysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3), the multifunctional enzyme associated with collagen biosynthesis that possesses lysyl hydroxylase and collagen glycosyltransferase activities, has been characterized in the extracellular space in this study. Lysine modifications are known to occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) prior to collagen triple‐helix formation, but in this study we show that LH3 is also present and active in the extracellular space. Studies with in vitro cultured cells indicate that LH3, in addition to being an ER resident, is secreted from the cells and is found both in the medium and on the cell surface associated with collagens or other proteins with collagenous sequences. Furthermore, in vivo, LH3 is present in serum. LH3 protein levels correlate with the galactosylhydroxylysine glucosyltransferase (GGT) activity of mouse tissues. This, together with other data, indicates that LH3 is responsible for GGT activity in the tissues and that GGT activity assays can be used to quantify LH3 in tissues. LH3 in vivo is located in two compartments, in the ER and in the extracellular space, and the partitioning varies with tissue type. In mouse kidney the enzyme is located mainly intracellularly, whereas in mouse liver it is located solely in the extracellular space. The extracellular localization and the ability of LH3 to modify lysyl residues of extracellular proteins in their native, nondenaturated conformation reveals a new dynamic in extracellular matrix remodeling, suggesting a novel mechanism for adjusting the amount of hydroxylysine and hydroxylysine‐linked carbohydrates in collagenous proteins. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of 3′‐deoxy‐3′‐[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) in ionic liquid, [bmim][OTf]
Authors: Moon Byung Seok , Lee Kyo Chul , An Gwang Il , Chi Dae Yoon , Yang Seung Dae , Choi Chang Woon , Lim Sang Moo , Chun Kwon Soo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAlthough 3′‐deoxy‐3′‐[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) is a prospective radiopharmaceutical for the imaging of proliferating tumor cell, it is difficult to prepare large amount of [18F]FLT. We herein describe the preparation of [18F]FLT in an ionic liquid, [bmim][OTf] (1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate). At optimized condition, [18F]fluorinationin ionic liquid with 5 µl of 1 M KHCO3 and 5 mg of the precursor yielded 61.5 ± 4.3% (n=10). Total elapsed time was about 70 min including HPLC purification. The rapid synthesis of [18F]FLT can be achieved by removing all evaporation steps. Overall radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity were 30 ± 5% and >95%, respectively. This method can use a small amount of a nitrobenzenesulfonate precursor and can be adapted for automated production. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative myocardial infarction on delayed enhancement MRI. Part II: Clinical application of an automated feature analysis and combined thresholding infarct sizing algorithm
Authors: Hsu Li‐Yueh , Ingkanisorn W. Patricia , Kellman Peter , Aletras Anthony H. , Arai Andrew E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPurposeTo compare global and regional myocardial infarction (MI) measurements on clinical gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images using human manual contouring and a computer algorithm previously validated by histopathology, and to study the degree to which visual assessment and human contouring of infarct extent agreed with the computer algorithm.Materials and MethodsInfarct size in 20 patients was measured by human manual contouring and with an automated feature analysis and combined thresholding (FACT) computer algorithm. Short‐axis slices were divided into myocardial sectors for regional analysis. Extent of infarction was also graded visually by consensus of expert readers and compared to human and computer contouring.ResultsDespite good correlations (R = 0.93–0.95) between human contouring and the FACT algorithm, human contouring overestimated infarct size by 3.8% of the left ventricle (23.8% of the MI) area (P < 0.001). Human contouring also overestimated the circumferential extent, transmural extent, and extent of infarction within a sector by 7.1%, 18.2%, and 27.9%, respectively (all P < 0.001). Both consensus reading and human contouring overestimated infarct grades compared with the FACT algorithm (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001).ConclusionClinically relevant overestimation of MI can occur in visual interpretation and in human manual contouring, particularly with respect to extent of infarction on a regional basis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal pattern of C1q deposition after transient focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Mack William J. , Sughrue Michael E. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Mocco J , Sosunov Sergey A. , Hassid Benjamin G. , Silverberg Joshua Z. , Ten Vadim S. , Pinsky David J. , Connolly E. Sander 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRecent studies have focused on elucidating the contribution of individual complement proteins to post‐ischemic cellular injury. As the timing of complement activation and deposition after cerebral ischemia is not well understood, our study investigates the temporal pattern of C1q accumulation after experimental murine stroke. Brains were harvested from mice subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr post reperfusion. Western blotting and light microscopy were employed to determine the temporal course of C1q protein accumulation and correlate this sequence with infarct evolution observed with TTC staining. Confocal microscopy was utilized to further characterize the cellular localization and characteristics of C1q deposition. Western Blot analysis showed that C1q protein begins to accumulate in the ischemic hemisphere between 3 and 6 hr post‐ischemia. Light microscopy confirmed these findings, showing concurrent C1q protein staining of neurons. Confocal microscopy demonstrated co‐localization of C1q protein with neuronal cell bodies as well as necrotic cellular debris. These experiments demonstrate the accumulation of C1q protein on neurons during the period of greatest infarct evolution. This data provides information regarding the optimal time window during which a potentially neuroprotective anti‐C1q strategy is most likely to achieve therapeutic success. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interpretation of surface EMGs in children with cerebral palsy: An initial study using a fuzzy expert system
Authors: Schmidt‐Rohlfing Bernhard , Bergamo Ferdinand , Williams Sybele , Erli Hans J. , Rau Günther , Niethard Fritz U. , Disselhorst‐Klug Catherine 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSurface EMG detected simultaneously at different muscles has become an important tool for analysing the gait of children with cerebral palsy (CP), as it offers essential information about muscular coordination. However, the interpretation of surface EMG is a difficult task that assumes extensive knowledge and experience. As such, this noninvasive procedure is not frequently used in the general clinical routine. An Artificial Intelligence (AI) system for interpreting surface EMG signals and the resulting muscular coordination patterns could overcome these limitations. To support such interpretation, an expert system based on fuzzy inference methodology was developed. The knowledge‐base of the system implemented 15 rules, from which the fuzzy inference methodology performs a prediction of the effectiveness of the muscular coordination during gait. Our aim was to assess the feasibility and value of such an expert system in clinical applications. Surface EMG signals were recorded from the tibialis anterior, soleus muscle, and gastrocnemius muscles of children with CP to assess muscular coordination patterns of ankle movement during gait. Nineteen children underwent 114 surface EMG measurements. Simultaneously, the gait cycles of each patient were determined using foot switches and videotapes. From the EMG signals, the effectiveness of the ankle movement was predicted by the expert system, and predictions were classified using a three‐point ordinal scale. In 91 cases (80%), the clinical findings matched the predictions of the expert system. In 23 cases (20%) the predictions of the expert system differed from the clinical findings with 12 cases revealing worse and 11 cases revealing better results in comparison to the clinical findings. As this study is a first attempt to verify the feasibility and correctness of this expert system, the results are promising. Further study is required to assess the correlation with the kinematic data and to include the whole leg. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:438–447, 2006
A bioactive sol‐gel glass implant for in vivo gentamicin release. Experimental model in Rabbit
Authors: Meseguer‐Olmo L. , Ros‐Nicolás MJ. , Vicente‐Ortega V. , Alcaraz‐Baños M. , Clavel‐Sainz M. , Arcos D. , Ragel C.V. , Vallet‐Regí M. , Meseguer‐Ortiz Cl. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBiomaterial pieces with osteogenic properties, suitable for use in the treatment of bone defects, were synthesized. The materials, which avoid bone infections, are exclusively composed of gentamicin sulfate and bioactive SiO2‐CaO‐P2O5 sol‐gel glass (synthesized previously), and were manufactured by means of uniaxial and isostatic pressure of the mixed components. After implanting the pieces into rabbit femur, we studied (1) antibiotic release, determining the concentration in proximal and distal bone, liver, kidney, and lung as a function of time, and (2) bone growth as a consequence of the glass reactivity in the biological environment. The results demonstrated that the implants are good carriers for local gentamicin release into the local osseous tissue, where they show excellent biocompatibility and bone integration. Moreover, these implants are able to promote bone growth during the resorption process. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:454–460, 2006
Application of wood ash compared with fertigation for improving the nutritional status and fruit production of kiwi vines
Authors: Merino Agustín , Otero Verónica , Omil Beatriz , Lastra Beatriz , Piñeiro Verónica , Gallego Pedro P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractApplication of wood ash can potentially improve the fertility of acid soils and the nutritional status of crops. However, there is limited information about the effectiveness of this practice with fruit trees. The application of wood ash as a fertilizer in a kiwifruit plantation—both with and without fertigation/irrigation—was compared with that of a conventional fertigation program in a completely randomized field experiment on an acid soil in northwest (NW) Spain. The effects on plant nutritional status and on fruit yield, as well as environmental effects, were evaluated over a period of 2 y. The application of wood ash led to modest increases in soil pH and extractable nutrients (phosphorus, P; calcium, Ca; magnesium, Mg; potassium, K; boron, B). However, no consistent effects in foliar nutrient concentrations were found. Ash application led to an increase of up to 45% in the number of fruits produced, which was mainly attributed to the inputs of Ca and Mg. Although moderate increases in soil available manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) after ash application were recorded, there were no changes in heavy‐metal concentrations in leaves or fruits. From the results of the study it can be concluded that wood ash can be used to improve the growth conditions of kiwi vines on acidic soils. Wood ash should be applied at rates adapted to the liming needs of the soil, while also taking into account the chemical composition of the ash.
Water drainage and nitrate leaching under traditional and improved management of vegetable‐cropping systems in the North China Plain
Authors: Yu Hong‐mei , Li Zi‐zhong , Gong Yuan‐shi , Mack Ulrich , Feger Karl‐Heinz , Stahr Karl 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTraditional irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization in North China may elevate water drainage and nitrate concentrations in soil and groundwater. A field experiment was conducted in an intensively irrigated vegetable (cauliflower, amaranth, and spinach) field for three consecutive years (1999–2002). The main objective was to test to what extent an improved water and fertilizer management, based on the maintenance of field capacity a defined range of the water content in the 0–50 cm soil layer and an N expert system, could reduce drainage and nitrate leaching without impairing vegetable yield. Rates of water drainage and related nitrate leaching were calculated based on measurements of soil water potential and soil‐water nitrate concentrations. Soil water potential was monitored with tensiometers at depths of 75 cm and 105 cm. Nitrate concentrations were analyzed in soil leachates collected at 90 cm soil depth using ceramic suction cups. The results revealed that the average annual drainage related to the cultivation season for cauliflower, amaranth, and spinach was reduced from 275 mm in the traditional system to 29 mm with improved management practice. The average annual cumulative nitrate leaching during the vegetable‐growing period amounted to 301 kg ha–1 and 13 kg ha–1 in the traditional and improved management practices, respectively. Vegetable yields were not significantly different under the traditional and improved management practices.
Pore‐system characteristics of pavement seam materials of urban sites
Authors: Nehls Thomas , Jozefaciuk Grzegorz , Sokołowska Zofia , Hajnos Mieczyslaw , Wessolek Gerd 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe original light‐brown sandy seam filling of pavements in urban areas turns dark and changes its properties by the time due to various inputs of urban dust. Deposited Corg inputs do mostly not have natural characteristics but are man‐made, e.g., diesel dust. Thus, properties of the seam material are not predictable from experiences with forest or agricultural soils. Semiperviously sealed urban areas are sites of contaminant deposition as well as groundwater recharge. For an assessment of the resulting groundwater‐contamination risk in these areas, the properties of the seam material, which influences transport processes, must be known. The aim of this study was to investigate the pore‐system build‐up, which includes size distribution and fractal character in the seam material of urban sites. The investigated samples were taken from pavements adjacent to roads in Berlin and Warsaw.The micropore parameters (nanometer range) were characterized using water‐vapor desorption isotherms, mesopore parameters (micrometer range) were estimated from mercury‐intrusion porosimetry and macropore parameters (millimeter range) from water‐retention curves. Particle density, dry bulk density, and particle‐size distribution were measured using standard methods. Volumes of micro‐ and mesopores as well as particle densities and dry bulk densities correlated with Ctot contents. However, no such relation was found for macropore volumes. Compared to the original sandy seam filling, the altered seam material shows significantly higher Corg contents and higher amounts of micro‐ and mesopores. Therefore, the available water capacity increases by 0.05–0.11 m3 m–3, as compared to the original sandy seam filling. Compared to natural sandy soils having similar Corg contents, the seam material shows similar macropore volumes, but the volume of mesopores and micropores is a few times smaller. That is mainly because of the particulate character of the organic matter.
Finite element modelling and MRI validation of 3D transient water profiles in pears during postharvest storage
Authors: Nguyen TA , Dresselaers T , Verboven P , D'hallewin G , Culeddu N , Van Hecke P , Nicolaï BM 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA diffusion model based on Fick's second law was used to simulate water transport in pear fruit at various conditions (20 °C and 75% RH; 1 °C and 60% RH). The finite element method was used to discretise the governing differential equations over the actual 3D pear geometry. For the first time, water transport in Conference pear fruits was described at the mesoscale level by incorporating different tissues (cuticle, inner and outer cortex) with different diffusion properties. The validated model explained water transport well as validated through nuclear magnetic resonance imaging techniques and was able to predict mass loss of intact pear during postharvest conditions. It was noticed that, at high temperature conditions, the model can be improved further by taking into account respiration and shrinkage effects. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Strategic aims: Making the right moves in leadership
Authors: Beatty Katherine Colarelli , Hughes Richard L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMany leaders have become successful because of their operational skills. But today's business environment requires strategic leadership that is systemic, focused on the future, and oriented toward change. Leaders who can foster greater strategic clarity, make stronger connections between strategy and tactics, and broaden their own and others' perspectives will contribute to the enduring success of their organizations.
Online follow‐up: Using technology to enhance learning
Authors: Whyman Wynne , Santana Laura , Allen Leigh 
Published: January 2006

AbstractParticipants in leadership development programs face a big challenge once they get back to work: preventing the energy created during the program from evaporating over time. To sustain the learning process and effect substantive behavioral change, follow‐up is needed, and a technology‐based approach, with coach support, is proving effective.
Targeting histone deacetylase in cancer therapy
Authors: Lin Hsiang‐Yu , Chen Chang‐Shi , Lin Shuan‐Pei , Weng Jing‐Ru , Chen Ching‐Shih 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHistone deacetylase (HDAC) is recognized as one of the promising targets for cancer treatment as many HDAC inhibitors have entered clinical trials for both solid and liquid tumors. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effects of HDAC inhibitors remain elusive. Although they have been shown to regulate the transcription of a defined set of genes through chromatin remodeling, increasing evidence suggests that modifications of the epigenetic histone code may not be the primary mechanism for HDAC inhibitor‐mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in cancer cells. While histones still represent a primary target for the physiological function of HDACs, the antitumor effect of HDAC inhibitors might also be attributed to transcription‐independent mechanisms by modulating the acetylation status of a series of nonhistone targets. Also noteworthy is the effect of HDAC inhibitors on Akt downregulation through the alteration of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) complex formation. To provide an overview of the use of HDAC inhibitors in cancer treatment, this review addresses the following subjects: (1) the physiological relevance of HDAC‐mediated acetylation of histone and nonhistone substrates, (2) the chemical biology of HDACs and development of a novel class of HDAC inhibitors, and (3) the protein acetylation‐independent effect of HDAC inhibitors on the activation status of signaling kinases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 26, No. 4, 397–413, 2006
Efficient and simple production of transgenic mice and rabbits using the new DMSO‐sperm mediated exogenous DNA transfer method
Authors: Shen Wei , Li Lan , Pan Qingjie , Min Lingjiang , Dong Huansheng , Deng Jixian 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA high efficient and simple transgenic technology on mice and rabbits to transfect spermatozoa with exogenous DNA/DMSO complex to obtain transgenic offspring, which is namely called DMSO‐sperm mediated gene transfer (SMGT). Mouse sperm could be either directly transfected via injection into testis or cultured in vitro with the plasmed DNA containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) that could be expressed in the embryos and offspring. Then, 36 living transgenic rabbits were produced using the same technology, and the transgenic ratio of 56.3% was detected using PCR and Southern blot. As the controls, the transgenic ratios of 39.6% and 47.8% have also been tested using the liposomes mediated technology of Tfx™‐50 Reagent or Lipefectamin™‐2000, respectively. The results show that the female transgenic rabbits, as the mammary gland bioreactor models, could express the human tissue plasminogen activator mutant (htPAm) in their mammary cells when they are adult. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and cholesterol on porcine sperm viability and capacitation status following cold shock or incubation
Authors: Galantino‐Homer Hannah L. , Zeng Wen‐xian , Megee Susan O. , Dallmeyer Modesty , Voelkl Dawna , Dobrinski Ina 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPorcine sperm are extremely sensitive to the damaging effects of cold shock. It has been shown that cholesterol‐binding molecules, such as 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HBCD), improve post‐cooling porcine sperm viability when added to an egg yolk‐based extender, but also enhance sperm capacitation in other species. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of HBCD and cholesterol 3‐sulfate (ChS) on porcine sperm viability and capacitation following cold shock or incubation under conditions that support capacitation using a defined medium. We report here that porcine sperm incubated in medium containing both HBCD and ChS have significantly improved viability following cold shock (10 min at 10°C) when compared to sperm incubated without HBCD or ChS, or with either component alone. Treatment with HBCD plus ChS also completely inhibited the increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by the cold shock treatment or by incubation for 3 hr under conditions that support capacitation. Two assays of sperm capacitation, the rate of calcium ionophore‐induced acrosome reactions and chlortetracycline (CTC) staining, were not significantly altered by HBCD and ChS following cold shock. However, 3‐hr incubation with HBCD plus ChS or with 1 mM ChS alone decreased the percentage of sperm undergoing the induced acrosome reaction without significantly affecting viability when compared to the control. These results indicate that the manipulation of sperm plasma membrane cholesterol content affects porcine sperm viability and capacitation status and could therefore be useful to protect sperm from cold shock during cryopreservation by improving viability without promoting premature capacitation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.