bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods for the Selection of Low‐Temperature Tolerant Mutants of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. by Using Irradiated Cell Suspension Cultures
Authors: Huitema J. B. M. , Preil W. , Gussenhoven G. C. , Schneidereit M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to improve mutant selection procedures, 5000 plantlets were regenerated in three different harvests (flush A, B and C) from X‐irradiated (15 and 20 Gy) and non‐irradiated cell suspensions of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. ‘Parliament’. After screening under suboptimal energy condition (12°C greenhouse temperature, winter low‐light), a total of 95 early flowering plants were selected. These plants flowered at least as early as a low‐temperature tolerant (LTT) mutant E2, used as a reference. The percentage of early flowering variants was highest among plants obtained from calli, X‐irradiated with 15 Gy and regenerating relatively late (flush B). It appeared that the applied selection method (e.q. harvest) had a large impact on the number of early plants obtained.
Production of Homomatromorphs through Pollen Treatment in Pisum sativum L.
Authors: Multani Dilbag S. , Virk D. S. , Virk P. S. , Verma M. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe occurrence of homozygous matromorphic progenis in Pisum sativum L. has, been assessed by using heterozygous female parents in intervarietal and intergeneric crosses. The pollen was subjected to three treatments, i.e. prickle pollination (delayed), gamma irradiation and giibberellic acid (GA3) application, The genetic status of the induced matromorphic progeny was determined by using, multiple gene markers. The frequency or occurrence of homomatromorphs was 3 to 7 per cent, which needs to be increased by pod, ovule or embryo culture, respectively.
Die Nutzung der Antherenkulturmethode im Zuchtprozeß von Winterweizen
Authors: Müller G. , Borschel H. , Vahl U. , Wiberg A. , Hartel H. , Damisch W. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Anther culture in the breeding process of winter wheat. I. Ability of 1B—‐1R wheat‐rye translocation forms for androgenesis 45 winter wheat varieties or F1 hybrids, F2 populations and lines with 1B—1R wheat‐rye translocation were tested for their anther culture ability. A total of 48058 anthers was cultured on Potato‐2 medium. When averaged over all genotypes and the two experimental years frequencies of embryoid formation of 5.4—6.8 per 100 anthers were observed. Plant regeneration efficiency from embryoids ranged from 5.3—9.1 % or a mean of 4—5 green plants per 1000 anthers plated. The results confirmed the preferential regeneration frequency of gametes with the 1BL—1RS chromosome compared to the gametes with the 1BL—IBS chromosome. Multiple peroxidase were used as marker.The effect of cold pretreatment or of media on the androgenetic response and productivity was not important. On the contrary the variability between the anther response from single ears of the same genotype was noticeable. Examples are presented for the transferability of the androgenetic ability to breeding material. Most green plants obtained were haploid or spontaneous doubled haploid. By cloning it was guaranteed, that progenies were obtained from most of the haploids after colchicine treatment.
Morphology and Cytology of Tissue Culture Derived Octoploid of Elymus canadensis and its Selfed Progeny
Authors: Park C. H. , Walton P. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThirty five octoploids (2n = 56). two aneuploids (2n = 54), and one hexaploid (2n = 42) were obtained from the self‐fertilized octoploid which was regenerated from the immature inflorescence culture of Elymus canadensis. The octoploid regenerant showed gigas leaves and stems but reduced tillering and fertility. The selfed octoploid progeny varied from genotype to genotype for all of the characters investigated. Hexaploid was morphologically superior to other ploidy levels. Its dry matter yield was 34 % to 40 % higher than the octoploids and the tetraploids but fertility markedly decreased to 7.4 %. Chromosome pairing at metaphase 1 in the octoploid regenerant and its selfed progeny — octoploid, aneupioid. and hexaploid — were 2.57IV +0.83III + 21.23II + 0.971; 3.06IV + 1.06III + 19.66II + 1.251; 2.23IV + 0.85III + 16.54II + 4.69I; and 0.41IV + 8.34III + 8.25II − 3.141 per microsporocyte, respectively. High frequency of trivalents in hexaploid indicated that it is a doubled triploid. Unequal chromosome disjunction, laggards, and chromatid bridges were commonly observed at the anaphase stage in the first and second meiotic division.
Bread‐Making Quality Indices in Triticum aestivum Progenies. Implications in Breeding for Better Bread Wheat
Authors: Brunori A. , Galterio G. , Zannettino C. , Pogna N. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBread‐making quality indices (dough strength and dough mixing stability) in relation to flour protein content, glutenin/gliadin ratio, and high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin have been investigated in Triticum aestivum progenies during a three year agronomic trial.Dough strength (W) proved to be a fairly stable characteristic, slightly but positively correlated with flour protein content. High could be associated with a high glutenin/gliadin ratio as well as with the presence of specific HMW. subunits of glutenin, while high protein content tended to favour a balanced dough tenacity‐extensibility ratio (P/L = 0.4—0.6). Satisfactory values of dough‐mixing stability were frequently observed in association with good expression of W showing that the two quality traits may coexist without much difficulty in the same genotype.From the plant breeding standpoint the data suggest feasible to obtain high dough strength by concentrating in a genotype the HMW subunits of glutenin known to have a beneficial effect on W. However, very high W may present unfavourable P/L ratios. This possibility is enhanced when the flour has a low protein content which often occurs in high yielding genotypes.
Early Generation Selection for Grain Yield in Narrow‐Leaf Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
Authors: Ratinam M. , Thuriling N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractExperiments were undertaken to identify an efficient method of selection for yield in early segregating generations of narrow‐leaf lupin crosses.A first series of experiments involved simulation of F2 populations with mixtures of ten cultivars and advanced breeding lines. The performance of genotypes in mixtures sown at different densities was compared with their monoculture [commercial density) yields m the same and the following year. These comparisons provided a basis for assessing the value of different planting designs and different selection criteria in early generation selection for yield.Correlated monoculture yield responses to simulated selection for single plant yield were similar for the honeycomb design and standard selection procedures at both low and commercial densities. These responses were much higher than that for grid selection in a low density population.Correlated monoculture yield responses to selection for other plant characters were substantial only for flowering time and number of pod bearing branches under certain conditions. These responses were greatest for selection in a low density mixture and in the year following selection.A procedure involving selection of the earliest flowering plants and selection within this group of plants with the highest number of pod bearing branches should be an effective approach to early generation yield selection in the narrow‐leaf lupin.
Pod Yield Comparison of Pure‐Line Peanut Selections Simultaneously Developed from Georgia and Zimbabwe Breeding Programs
Authors: Branch W. D. , Hildebrand G. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCrosses were made between two widely grown U.S. peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, ‘Florunner’ and Florigiant’, and two genotypes adapted to growing conditions on the plateau of tropical Africa, ‘Makulu Red’ and 486 GKP. F2 seed populations were equally divided between Georgia and Zimbabwe. Subsequently, pedigree selection was practised simultaneously at both locations in the early segregating generations. The highest yielding pureline selections were then interchanged, and combined yield evaluations were determined over three growing seasons at each location.‘Florunner’, ‘Florigiant’, and the Georgia pureline selections tested at the Georgia location had significantly higher pod yields than ‘Makulu Red’, 486 GKP, and the Zimbabwe selections. Conversely, the mean yield of the Zimbabwe selections tested m Zimbabwe was significantly higher than that of the Georgia selections. Thus, the breeding environment under which selection is conducted among cross populations strongly influences the yield adaptability of selected peanut genotypes.
The HMW Glutenin Subunit and Gliadin Compositions of German‐Grown Wheat Varieties and their Relationship with Bread‐Making Quality
Authors: Rogers W. J. , Payne P. I. , Harinder K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe HMW glutenin subunit and gliadin compositions of 57 German‐grown varieties of wheat were determined by 1D‐ and 2D‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. A Glu‐1 quality score was calculated for each variety based on previously observed associations between individual HMW glutenin subuints and SDS‐sedimentation volume. The results indicated that approximately 30% of the variation in bread‐making quality of the varieties was accounted for by variation in the Glu‐1 quality score, and that this proportion was raised to 54 % if the presence or absence of chromosome 1BL.1RS was taken into account. It was also shown that allelic variation at the Gli‐1 and Gli‐2 loci had a relatively minor effect on quality; indeed, the only significant effect was associated with variation at Glu‐1, and the influence of this locus was principally due to the deterimental effect of 1BL.1RS.
Factors Affecting Fertilization Frequency in Crosses of Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Highbury’×Zea mays cv. ‘Seneca 60’;
Authors: Laurie D. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCrosses of ‘Highbury’×‘Seneca 60’ were studied to determine the effect of four crossing procedures on the frequency of fertilization. The procedures were: 1) glumes of emasculated florets left intact, 2) glumes cut to expose the stigmas, 3) intact glumes given a 75 mg 1‐1 GA spray 2 h after pollination, and 4) cut glumes given a 75 mg 1‐1 GA spray 2 h after pollination. Within each treatment florets with developmental ages ranging from 3 days before an‐thesis to 3 days after anthesis were pollinated. Fertilized florets were found in all four treatments. Overall, 20.2 % had only an embryo, 2.5 % had only an endosperm and 7.9 % had an embryo and an endosperm. Significant variation in the frequency of embryo formation, and hence in the frequency of potential plants, was found both between treatments and between developmental stages within treatments. The highest frequency (55.8 % of pollinated florets) was found in florets with intact glumes which had not received a GA spray and which had been pollinated on the day of anthesis. Cutting the glumes to expose the stigmas, pollinating earlier or later than the day of anthesis or application of a GA spray all tended to reduce the number of embryos. This was also the case when the total fertilization frequencies (embryos plus endosperms) were analyzed. The potential of wheat × maize crosses for wheat haploid production is discussed.
Effect of Bradyrhizobium Strain on Combining Ability for Nitrogen Fixation in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)*
Authors: Phillips T. D. , Wynne J. C. , Elkan G. H. , Schneeweis T. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractImproving the host genotype is one method of increasing biological nitrogen fixation by Bradyrhizobium in symbiosis with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), but host‐strain interactions also must be considered. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of Bradyrhizobium strains on the inheritance of traits related to nitrogen fixation. Eight parents and the F1 generation of a diallel cross were evaluated in symbiosis with two bacterial strains for combining ability in a factorial arrangement in the greenhouse. The parents represented three taxa of cultivated peanuts. The two Bradyrhizobium strains NC 92 and NC 123 produced different general and specific combining ability, maternal (reciprocal general) effects, and reciprocal specific effects for the host genotypes. With strain NC 92, the peanut cultivars NC 7 and NC Ac 2821 had the best general combining ability for all traits evaluated; while, with strain NC 123, Robut 33‐1 exhibited a high general combining ability (GCA) for nitrogenase activity and specific activity. Genotype NC Ac 2821, when inoculated with strain NC 123, had a negative GCA effect for nodule number, while with strain NC 92 this cultivar had the highest GCA effect. The importance of strain selection in evaluating lines in a breeding program is discussed.
The Use of Multivariate Analyses to Eliminate Redundant Variables when Evaluating Potatoes for Chip Quality
Authors: Loiselle F. , Tai G. C. C. , Tarn T. R. , Christie B. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSelection for good chipping clones in potato breeding often takes place during the middle and late selection stages. This is due to the considerable resources needed for the assessment of several characteristics. Objective multivariate methods for the elimination of redundant variables were applied to eight standardized chipping quality traits recorded on advanced clones over 15 years at two locations in New Brunswick, Canada. The clones were evaluated of specific gravity and the following chipping scores: direct from the field in August; after 10 days storage at 13 °C; from 4 °C storage in February; from 4 °C storage in February with 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks reconditioning at 16 °C. Five elimination methods produced a similar deletion order. In every subset obtained, specific gravity and direct chipping from the field were always retained. Reconditioning treatments from one to four weeks after cold storage were shown to be the most redundant. The reduction in the number of traits from eight to four by every technique could recover more than 80 % of the original variation, showing that redundant variables were effectively discarded.
Cytology and Fertility of Hybrids and Amphiploids between Aegilops caudata L. ×Triticum turgidum (L.) Thell
Authors: Simeone R. , Pignoni D. , Blanco A. , Attolico M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInterspecific hybrids and amphiploids between Aegilops caudata L. (2n = 2x = 14, CC) and Triticum turgidum (L.) Thell. conv. durum Desf M. K. (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) were produced. Such hybrids can be used to introduce desirable traits such as disease resistance into cultivated durum wheats. One of the durum parents was a ph I mutation of the cv. ‘Cappelli’ used for testing the possibility of direct introduction of alien variation into cultivated species. The amphiploids were obtained both through colchicine chromosome doubling and as natural non‐reductional mciosis products.In both hybrids and amphiploids, meiotic pairing and fertility were studied. Hybrids showed varying degrees of pairing and, in addition to the one involving the ph 1 mutant, one high pairing hybrid was found (Ae. caudata× cv. ‘Capinera’). Cytological examination of microsporogenesis in amphiploids revealed a high frequency of bivalent formation. Fertility proved to be a very variable character since some of the amphiploids were almost completely sterile. The use of amphiploids in breeding programmes is discussed in relation to meiotic and fertility data.
Haploid Production from Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Resistant Clones of Lolium
Authors: Boppenmeier J. , Züchner S. , Foroughi‐Wehr B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe investigation was earned out to obtain double haploid homozygous lines of Lolium. Lolium multiflorurm ssp. gaudini cv. ‘Liwelo’, 44 clones and five different cultivars (cv.) of L. perenne were tested with regard to their anther culture response on a solid medium. Callus production and plant regeneration of the different genotypes were investigated. Within L. m. ssp. gaudini green plants have been obtained. In L. perenne significant genotypical differences in the in vitro reaction could be demonstrated. A high‐responding genotype was selected which produced a maximum of 20 % green plants. A variety × temperature interaction was found for the L. perenne varieties ‘Premier’ and ‘Barlenna’. The production of 34 green plants out ot eight clones enables a first analysis to be made of the inheritance of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus resistance in L. perenne.
Petal Removal as a New Method to Control Pollen Transfer in the White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.)
Authors: Gärditz W. , Aldag R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe control of pollen transfer is important for determining the components of yield performance of lupins. By tearing off the first, second and third petals and leaving the fourth and fifth untouched, key signals of the flower are removed and pollen vectors are prevented from visiting the flower. Although this partial removal of petals alters the biomechanics of the flower selfing remains unimpaired. The technique allows autogamy in to be obtained lupins under natural conditions and with little expense.
Selection for Seed Yield Production of Egyptian Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) C. V. Fahl
Authors: Bakheit Bahy R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractModified mass and family selection for seed yield production of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) c.v. ‘Fahl’ were applied for two generations. Two hundred plants (5 % intensity of selection) were selected for seed yield in the first season, 1985/86. In the second season, 1986/87, selection between and within half‐sib families was practiced. In addition, equal parts of seeds from each of the 200 selected plants were bulked to form the C1 modified mass selection; after establishing, the same procedure was adopted to form the C2 generation. The cycles 1 and 2 of half‐sib families and modified mass selection along with the base population family were evaluated for forage and seed yields. The realized gains from modified mass selection were 6.03 and 9.51 % for fresh forage yield, 5.57 and 10.86 % for protein yield and 13.23 and 16.19 % for seed yield in cycles 1 and 2, respectively, over the base population. The realized gain from family selection in cycle 2 as a percentage of the base population mean amounted to 11.32, 13.35, 17.47 and 3.15% for forage, protein, and seed yield and seed index, respectively.The broad sense heritability, as estimated from the variance components was 89.63, 63.03, and 76.67 % for dry forage, seed yield and seed index, respectively.Although, all these five traits (fresh, dry, protein, and seed yield and seed index) had positive correlation with each other, weak correlations were found between seed yield and forage yields. Furthermore, close associations were found among forage yield traits.
Inheritance of Corolla Size, Number of Stamens and Percentage of Plants with Petaloid Stamens in Evergreen Azaleas (Rhododendron Subsect. obtusa)
Authors: Heursel J , Garretsen Frida 
Published: April 2006

AbstractResearch has been carried out on the inheritance of corolla size, number of stamens and percentage of plants with petaloid stamens (double flower) in evergreen azaleas (Rhododendron Subsect. obtusa). For this purpose two incomplete diallel crosses were used. The first one included seven species and one cultivar and the second diallel 13 cultivars. In both diallels for all three characters the GCA mean squares were high. Also, the positive correlation between the parental values and the GCA estimates for flower size and number of stamens indicates that the expression of these characters is mainly determined by additive gene action. A negative correlation was found between GCA estimates for die n number of stamens and the percentage of plants with petaloid stamens. When breeding azaleas with large double flowers, parents can be directly selected on the basis of these characters since additive genetic variance dominates. As no genetic correlations were found between corolla size and number of stamens (percentage of plants with petaloid stamens) the breeding will not be hampered by unfavourable linkage of genes for these characters.
Early Embryo‐Sac Development and Intraspecific Variation in the Mean Endosperm Cell Cycle Time in Vicia narbonensis (L.)
Authors: Lazridou T. B. , Roupakias D. G. , Tsaitaris A. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe early endosperm development in seven Vicia narbonensis populations was studied under a 23/ 16 ° C day/night temperature regime. Double fertilization occurred in less than 24 h after pollination. Endosperm divisions were synchronous until the 8th division of the endosperm nuclei. Aberrant endosperm nuclei were first observed alter the 8th division and their number increased after the 10th division. Endosperm nuclei continued to divide until the 12th day after pollination. During the following days a decrease in the number of endosperm nuclei was observed together with a substantial increase in the number of aberrants. Endosperm nuclei finally disintegrated. Neither cellularization nor starch deposition was observed in the endosperm. A positive correlation (r 0.69) was recorded between early pod length and the number of endosperm nuclei found in the ovules within each pod.In the populations studied the number of endosperm nuclei increased at a steady but different rate. This was followed by embryo development as well. It was concluded that intraspecific variation in the mean endosperm cell cycle time exists in Vicia narbonensis and that populations A 174 and A 202 should be more compatible to Vicia faba ev. ‘Polycarpe’ than population A 201.
Characteristics and Inheritance of Seed‐Ageing Induced Mutations in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Rao N. K. , Roberts E. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMutations affecting qualitative traits were induced by seed ageing in lettuce. The mutant plants were isolated in the A2 generation and included chlorophyll‐deficient types (chlorotica, lutescens, chlorina‐virescens, luteo and viridalbo maculate), and morphological variants (dwarf and narrow, thick and curly leaf types). The leaf mutants were found to be either partially or completely sterile. Segregation pattern of the mutants in A3 generation showed that, except for the maculata types, all chlorophyll deficiencies and the dwarf mutant are controlled by single recessive nuclear genes. The genetic status of the leaf mutants was not clear, due to possible pleiotropic effect of the mutant genes in inducing gametophytic sterility. The maculata mutants exhibited sorting out of the normal and chlorophyll deficient regions during vegetative development and segregated for different degrees of chlorophyll deficiency in selfed progenies. The maculata mutants probably originated by plastome mutations induced by nuclear mutator genes.