bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Implications of the Distribution of Lymph Node Metastases in Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Leibold Tobias , Shia Jinru , Ruo Leyo , Minsky Bruce D. , Akhurst Timothy , Gollub Marc J. , Ginsberg Michelle S. , Larson Steven , Riedel Elyn , Wong W. Douglas , Guillem José G. 
Published: March 2008

Purpose After preoperative chemoradiotherapy of rectal cancer, the number of retrievable and metastatic lymph nodes is decreased. The current TNM classification is based on number and not location of lymph node metastases and may understage disease after chemoradiotherapy. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic significance of location of involved lymph nodes in rectal cancer patients after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Patients and Methods We prospectively examined whole-mount specimens from 121 patients with uT3-4 and/or N+ rectal cancer who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by resection. Location of involved lymph nodes was compared with median number of lymph nodes involved as well as presence of distant metastasis at presentation. Results Lymph node metastases were detected in 37 patients (31%). Thirteen patients with lymph node involvement along major supplying vessels (proximal lymph node metastases) had a significantly higher rate of distant metastatic disease at time of surgery than patients without proximal lymph node involvement (P < .001); median number of lymph nodes involved was two for patients with proximal lymph node metastases and 1.5 for patients with mesorectal lymph node involvement alone. Conclusion Our data suggest that, after preoperative chemoradiotherapy, proximal lymph node involvement is associated with a high incidence of metastatic disease at time of surgery. Because the median number of involved lymph nodes is low after preoperative chemoradiotherapy, the TNM staging system may not provide an accurate assessment of metastatic disease. Therefore, the ypTNM staging system should incorporate distribution as well as number of lymph node metastases after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer.
General and practical synthesis of benzothiazoles
Authors: Mase Toshiaki , Itoh Takahiro 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The carbon-sulfur bond formation of aryl bromides and triflates catalyzed by a new catalyst system, Pd2(dba)3/xantphos, has been demonstrated. Based on this finding, a novel and practical synthesis of benzothiazoles has been developed. This new methodology allows for the assembly of a wide range of benzothiazoles.
Chiral phenyl-bis(oxazoline) as an efficient auxiliary for asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Nishiyama Hisao , Ito Jun-ichi , Shiomi Takushi , Hashimoto Toru , Miyakawa Takeshi , Kitase Megumi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
A new class of phenyl-bis(oxazoline) auxiliaries was readily prepared from isophthaloyl chloride and appropriate β-amino alcohols, and the derived rhodium complexes underwent new cyclization reactions at the metal center and exhibited high catalytic efficiency for asymmetric conjugate reduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and reductive aldol reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
Stable definability and generic relations
Authors: Kim Byunghan , Moosa Rahim 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn amalgamation basepin a simple theory isstably definableif its canonical base is interde-finable with the set of canonical parameters for the ϕ-definitions ofpas ϕ ranges through all stable formulae. A necessary condition for stably definability is given and used to produce an example of a supersimple theory with stable forking having types that are not stably definable. This answers negatively a question posed in [8]. A criterion for and example of a stably definable amalgamation base whose restriction to the canonical base is not axiomatised by stable formulae are also given. The examples involve generic relations over non CM-trivial stable theories.
O-minimal spectra, infinitesimal subgroups and cohomology
Authors: Berarducci Alessandro 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBy recent work on some conjectures of Pillay, each definably compact group G in a saturated o-minimal expansion of an ordered field has a normal “infinitesimal subgroup” G00 such that the quotient G/G00, equipped with the “logic topology”, is a compact (real) Lie group. Our first result is that the functor G ↦ G/G00 sends exact sequences of definably compact groups into exact sequences of Lie groups. We then study the connections between the Lie group G/G00 and the o-minimal spectrum of G. We prove that G/G00 is a topological quotient of . We thus obtain a natural homomorphism Ψ* from the cohomology of G/G00 to the (Čech-)cohomology of . We show that if G00 satisfies a suitable contractibility conjecture then is acyclic in Čech cohomology and Ψ is an isomorphism. Finally we prove the conjecture in some special cases.
The complexity of resolution refinements
Authors: Buresh-Oppenheim Joshua , Pitassi Toniann 
Published: March 2008

AbstractResolution is the most widely studied approach to propositional theorem proving. In developing efficient resolution-based algorithms, dozens of variants and refinements of resolution have been studied from both the empirical and analytic sides. The most prominent of these refinements are: DP (ordered), DLL (tree), semantic, negative, linear and regular resolution. In this paper, we characterize and study these six refinements of resolution. We give a nearly complete characterization of the relative complexities of all six refinements. While many of the important separations and simulations were already known, many new ones are presented in this paper; in particular, we give the first separation of semantic resolution from general resolution. As a special case, we obtain the first exponential separation of negative resolution from general resolution. We also attempt to present a unifying framework for studying all of these refinements.
Preliminary evidence that specific candidate genes are associated with adolescent‐onset antisocial behavior
Authors: Burt S. Alexandra , Mikolajewski Amy J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThough initially conceptualized as resulting from peer imitation of child‐onset or life‐course‐persistent youth [Moffitt, 1993], there is mounting evidence from twin studies that adolescent‐onset or adolescent‐limited antisocial behavior may also be genetically influenced. This study sought to provide preliminary molecular genetic evidence in support of these findings. We further evaluated whether genetic associations varied between behavioral subtypes of ASB (i.e., physical aggression and nonaggressive rule‐breaking), given that only the latter has been found to characterize adolescent‐onset ASB. The sample consisted of 211 undergraduate men of European‐American ancestry. Three polymorphisms with theoretical and/or empirical ties to ASB or related traits (i.e., tryptophan hydroxylase‐A218C, 5HT2A His452Tyr, and the DAT1 variable nucleotide tandem repeat) were genotyped. Analyses revealed that two of the three polymorphisms (i.e., His452Tyr and DAT1) were associated with adolescent ASB. Moreover, these associations appeared to be specific to the nonaggressive, rule‐breaking form of ASB, and did not extend to physical aggression, further supporting ties to adolescent ASB in particular. Such results thus constructively replicate earlier findings of genetic influence on adolescent ASB. They also offer preliminary evidence that the genetic processes underlying aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior may be (at least partially) distinct. Aggr. Behav. 34:437–445, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mobilizing agents enhance fungal degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and affect diversity of indigenous bacteria in soil
Authors: Leonardi V. , Giubilei M.A. , Federici E. , Spaccapelo R. , Šašek V. , Novotny C. , Petruccioli M. , D'Annibale A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe impact of several mobilizing agents (MAs) (i.e., soybean oil, Tween‐20, Tween‐80, olive‐oil mill wastewaters, and randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrins) on the degradation performances of the white‐rot fungi Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus was comparatively assessed in a soil spiked with a mixture of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Among the different MAs, soybean oil best supported the growth of both fungi that was twice that observed in soil in the absence of MAs. In addition, soybean oil positively affected PAH degradation by both fungi. In this case, the total weight of organic contaminants (TWOC) was lower than that in the absence of MAs (57.7 vs. 201.3 and 26.3 vs. 160.4 mg kg−1 with I. lacteus and P. ostreatus, respectively). On the other hand, the number of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria was significantly lower in the soil with soybean oil augmented with either one of the two fungi (5.21 vs. 8.71 and 0.22 vs. 0.51 × 107 CFU g−1 soil with I. lacteus and P. ostreatus, respectively). The effect of soybean oil was confirmed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of PCR‐amplified 16S rRNA genes that showed a general decrease in biodiversity. The impact of the other MAs on bacterial diversity was either slightly negative or positive in incubation controls. Both richness and Shannon‐Weaver index decreased upon treatment with P. ostreatus. Moreover, with this fungus the composition of the indigenous bacteria was not significantly affected by the type of MA used. By contrast, both indices increased in soil with I. lacteus in the presence of randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrins (39 vs. 33 and 1.43 vs. 1.26, respectively) and soybean oil (19 vs. 5 and 1.01 vs. 0.65, respectively). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 273–285. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Herceptin–Platinum(II) Binding Complexes: Novel Cancer‐Cell‐Specific Agents
Authors: Gao Jian , Liu Ya Guang , Liu Renbin , Zingaro Ralph A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report a new series of Herceptin–platinum(II) binding complexes, Her–nLPtII (Her denotes Herceptin; L denotes diamino ligands and L=L1–L4; n=1, 5, or 10). Solution chemistry studies have shown that these complexes are stable under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 in PBS). The platinum(II) compound L1PtIICl2 inhibits the growth of a panel of human cancer cell lines at sub‐micromolar concentrations. Remarkable cancer‐cell‐specific cytotoxicity was observed with Her–nL1PtII (n=1, 5, 10) toward Her2/neu‐overexpressing cancer cells (SK‐BR‐3 and SK‐OV‐3) over normal fibroblast cells. Annexin V apoptosis assays in SK‐BR‐3 and low‐Her2/neu‐expressing MCF‐7 breast cancer cells further confirmed the critical role of Herceptin with this cancer‐cell‐specific agent. It was also found that the L1PtIICl2 complex is an efficient regulator of the apoptotic genes Bcl‐2 in the treated SK‐BR‐3 cells. Also, enhanced regulatory effects were observed in Her–10L1PtII. Taken together, this study suggests a new approach for the development of mAb–platinum(II)‐based targeting agents for the treatment of human cancers.
Editorial
Authors: Aliabadi M. H. , Gatmin B. , Sellier A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOwing to a technical problem in the submission process, selected presentations from the 7th International Conference on Boundary Elements, which took place in Paris, France, in September 2006 (http://beteq.engineeringconferences.net/), will not be published in a separate special issue. Links to these papers as they were published in the journal are listed at the end of this editorial. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Fabrication of Nanostructured Surfaces for Enhanced Response
Authors: Refera Soreta Tesfaye , Strutwolf Jörg , O'Sullivan Ciara K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe objective of this work is to explore approaches to enhance electrochemical signals through sequential deposition and capping of gold particles. Gold nanoparticles are electrodeposited from KAuCl4 solution under potentiostatic conditions on glassy carbon substrates. The number density of the nanoparticles is increased by multiple deposition steps. To prevent secondary nucleation processes, the nanoparticles are isolated after each potentiostatic deposition step by self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of decanethiol or mercaptoethanol. The increasing number of particles during five deposition/protection rounds is monitored by assembling electroactive SAMs using a ferrocene‐labeled alkanethiol. A precise estimation of the surface area of the gold nanoparticles by formation of an oxide layer on gold is difficult due to oxidation of the glassy carbon surface. As an alternative approach, the charge flow of the electroactive SAM is used for surface measurement of the gold surface area. A sixfold increase in the redox signal in comparison to a bulk gold surface is observed, and this increase in redox signal is particularly notable given that the surface area of the deposited nanoparticles is only a fraction of the bulk gold surface. After five rounds of deposition there is a gold loading of 1.94 μg cm−2 of the deposited nanoparticles as compared to 23.68 μg cm−2 for the bulk gold surface. Remarkably, however, the surface coverage of the ferrocene alkanethiol on the bulk material is only 10 % of that achieved on the deposited nanoparticles. This enhancement in signal of the nanoparticle‐modified surface in comparison to bulk gold is thus demonstrated not to be attributable to an increase in surface area, but rather to the inherent properties of the surface atoms of the nanoparticles, which are more reactive than the surface atoms of the bulk material.
Silver Nanoparticle Thin Films with Nanocavities for Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Kahraman Mehmet , Tokman Nilgün , Çulha Mustafa 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe formation of nanometer‐sized gaps between silver nanoparticles is critically important for optimal enhancement in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). A simple approach is developed to generate nanometer‐sized cavities in a silver nanoparticle thin film for use as a SERS substrate with extremely high enhancement. In this method, a submicroliter volume of concentrated silver colloidal suspension stabilized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is spotted on hydrophobic glass surfaces prepared by the exposure of the glass to dichloromethysilane vapors. The use of a hydrophobic surface helps the formation of a more uniform silver nanoparticle thin film, and CTAB acts as a molecular spacer to keep the silver nanoparticles at a distance. A series of CTAB concentrations is investigated to optimize the interparticle distance and aggregation status. The silver nanoparticle thin films prepared on regular and hydrophobic surfaces are compared. Rhodamine 6G is used as a probe to characterize the thin films as SERS substrates. SERS enhancement without the contribution of the resonance of the thin film prepared on the hydrophobic surface is calculated as 2×107 for rhodamine 6G, which is about one order of magnitude greater than that of the silver nanoparticle aggregates prepared with CTAB on regular glass surfaces and two orders of magnitude greater than that of the silver nanoparticle aggregates prepared without CTAB on regular glass surfaces. A hydrophobic surface and the presence of CTAB have an increased effect on the charge‐transfer component of the SERS enhancement mechanism. The limit of detection for rhodamine 6G is estimated as 1.0×10−8 M. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are used for the characterization of the prepared substrate.
Highly Dispersed Gold on Zirconia: Characterization and Activity in Low‐Temperature Water Gas Shift Tests
Authors: Menegazzo Federica , Pinna Francesco , Signoretto Michela , Trevisan Valentina , Boccuzzi Flora , Chiorino Anna , Manzoli Maela 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGold‐loaded zirconia and sulfated zirconia catalysts were tested in the low‐temperature water gas shift reaction. The samples were characterized by N2 adsorption analysis, temperature‐programmed reduction, X‐ray diffraction, pulse‐flow CO chemisorption, FTIR spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. A reference catalyst, Au/TiO2, provided by the World Gold Council was investigated for comparison. CO chemisorption and FTIR data indicate the presence of only highly dispersed gold clusters on the sulfated sample and both small clusters and small particles on the non‐sulfated sample. Both gold–zirconia catalysts are much more active than the Au/TiO2 reference sample over all the temperature range investigated. The sample prepared on sulfated zirconia exhibits higher stability than the catalyst on unmodified zirconia. The prominent role in the water gas shift reaction of gold clusters in close contact with the support was deduced.
Chemical Synthesis of (S)‐Spiro(estradiol‐17,2′‐[1,4]oxazinan)‐6′‐one Derivatives Bearing Two Levels of Molecular Diversity
Authors: Rouillard François , Roy Jenny , Poirier Donald 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present study shows the development of a strategy that can afford different estradiol derivatives bearing a 17‐spiro‐δ‐lactone moiety with a nitrogen atom inserted in the lactone ring. Such [1,4]oxazinan‐6′‐one derivatives contain two levels of molecular diversity introduced to modulate biological activity. The strategy employed to prepare these compounds includes the stereoselective formation of a 17β‐oxirane from the carbonyl group of estrone, the regioselective opening of the resulting oxirane with various hydrophobic amino acids (giving the first level of diversity), the spirolactonization, the alkylation of nitrogen by different functional groups (producing the second level of diversity), and final deprotection, when necessary. A series of (S)‐spiro(estradiol‐17,2′‐[1,4]oxazinan)‐6′‐one derivatives was generated to illustrate the usefulness of this diversification strategy, which could easily be extended to other steroidal and nonsteroidal ketone scaffolds for interacting with additional biological targets. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Structural Features of the (+)‐Yatakemycin/d(GACTAATTGAC)‐(GTCAATTAGTC) Complex – Quantum Mechanical Calculation of NMR Parameters as a Tool for the Characterization of Ligand/DNA Interactions
Authors: Di Micco Simone , Boger Dale L. , Riccio Raffaele , Bifulco Giuseppe 
Published: March 2008

Abstract(+)‐Yatakemycin is a new and potent member of a class of natural antitumor compounds that derive their biological activities from specific alkylation of adenine residues in the minor grooves of AT‐rich tracts. We have analyzed the covalent complex formed between (+)‐yatakemycin and the d(GACTAATTGAC)‐(GTCAATTAGTC) duplex, and have established that the ligand covalently binds to the A5 residue. For this purpose we used a hybrid approach based on 2D‐NMR spectroscopy and quantum mechanical (QM) calculations of 1H chemical shifts at the DFT/MPW1PW91 level. In this study we also show that the calculation of NMR parameters can be a useful tool for the structural characterization of ligand–receptor interactions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Preparation of Nanoparticles of Bipyridineruthenium and Silicotungstate and Application as Electrochemiluminescence Sensor
Authors: Bi Li‐Hua , Zhou Wei‐Hong , Wang Hai‐Yan , Dong Shao‐Jun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe novel nanoparticles, [Ru(bpy)3]2SiW12O40⋅2 H2O, were firstly synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and TEM. The nanoparticles were used to fabricate a chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by dispersing nanoparticles and graphite powder in silicone grease. Thus‐prepared CPE shows bifunctional electrocatalytic activities towards the reduction of nitrite and the oxidation of oxalate, and exhibits sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL). The modified CPE has high stability and excellent repeatability owing to the insolubility and homogeneous disperses of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles modified CPE may open a way to be used as solid electrochemical sensor for both ECL and electrocatalysis in practical applications.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Mediated Laccase‐Catalysis and Electrochemical Detection of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Liu Ying , Dong Shaojun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLaccase has been immobilized on the carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode surface by adsorption. As‐prepared laccase retains good electrocatalytic activity to oxygen reduction by using 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) as the mediator. It can be used as a biosensor for the determination of catechol with broad linear range. Especially, azide, one of inhibitors of laccase, shows sensitive inhibition to catalytic activity of the laccase modified electrode. In addition, the inhibition by fluoride ions has also been studied. These demonstrate that the as‐prepared electrode can be used to detect halide and some the toxic pollutants, e.g., catechol and azide based on catalytic or inhibition reaction of laccase. The simple preparation procedure makes the system can be developed as non‐inhibition or inhibition biosensor.
The Factors Affecting the Electrochemiluminescence of Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)Ruthenium(II)/Tertiary Amines
Authors: Yin Xue‐Bo , Sha Bei‐Bei , Zhang Xu‐Hong , He Xi‐Wen , Xie Hui 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFactors affecting tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+)/tertiary amine electrochemiluminescence (ECL) were investigated in the present work with several tertiary amines as coreactants. Some new phenomena different to those of traditional Ru(bpy)32+/tripropylamine were observed, such as the different responses of different coreactants to the hydrophobic nature of the working electrode and the ECL emission of triethanolamine at 0.85 V. The pKa value (acid dissociation constant) for the deprotonation of tertiary amine group in the coreactant molecules and solubility of coreactants affect the ECL profiles vs. electrolyte pH. Moreover, the solubility of coreactants is also related to the ECL response to the addition of surfactants and electrode hydrophobic nature. Investigation of the effects of molecular structures indicated that molecules restricting the formation of the trigonal planar structure of the active radical in the electrooxidation procedure resulted in low ECL emission. The behaviors of hydroxyl and carboxylic group as substituents of α‐carbon are also totally different to the traditional opinions about the ECL from Ru(bpy)32+/tertiary amines.
Disposable Electrospun Electrodes Based on Conducting Nanofibers
Authors: Granato Flavio , Scampicchio Matteo , Bianco Andrea , Mannino Saverio , Bertarelli Chiara , Zerbi Giuseppe 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new approach for the fabrication of disposable electrochemical surfaces is presented. Conducting fibers have been produced by a two‐step process. Firstly, a fine web mat composed of nylon‐6 and ferric chloride fibers (with diameters of about 200 nm) were electrospun on a flat collector. Afterwards, the electrospun mat was exposed to pyrrole vapor under controlled dry atmosphere until each nylon thread was fully coated with a conducting polypyrrole layer. The conducting fiber mat was finally integrated within an electrochemical cell and used as a disposable sensor device. The suitability of the sensor was tested using phosphate and carbonate organic anions. The large scale fabrication of conducting tissue, in the form of a fine web of spun nanofibers, is relatively fast and inexpensive, and it paves the way to the build up of new disposable electrodes.