bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of product structure on manual assembly performance
Authors: Prabhu Girish V. , Helander Martin G. , Shalin Valerie L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effect of product structure and availability of assembly instructions were investigated in an experiment. Two products that differed in the order of assembly were used. Both structures had 64 identical parts. One was a vertical assembly built bottom‐up, and the other was a hierarchical assembly, which consisted of several subassemblies. Predetermined Motion Time (PMT) analysis showed that the assembly time for both products was identical. Twenty‐four test subjects participated in a 2 × 2 factorial between‐subject experiment, in which they assembled either of the two products with or without instructions. Because learning and performance are potentially influenced by subject aptitude, cognitive test scores on visual memory, visualization, and spatial orientation were also investigated as influences on manual assembly performance in this task. The hierarchical product took significantly longer time to assemble compared to the vertical. Actual assembly times were also much higher than those predicted using PMT analysis, suggesting that PMT analysis is insufficient to differentiate between designs that differ in complexity. There were no differences between the instructional conditions and individual differences on test scores. @ 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mapping perceptual and cognitive processing for the effective use of graphical displays in shop floor scheduling tasks
Authors: Danek Annette M. , Koubek Richard J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResearch in the area of information displays has indicated that graphical displays may increase performance on certain complex decision‐making tasks. This research investigates the cognitive processing of the displayed information in addition to the traditional perceptual processing of the displayed information. It is hypothesized that type of task and the level of cognitive processing exhibited by the human performing the task will affect the type of graphical display associated with higher performance. Results indicate that the integral display facilitates better performance for the scheduling task in which integration of the information is required. @ 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Visual performance on detection tasks with two targets
Authors: Chan H. S. , Courtney Alan J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHorizontal visual lobe boundaries were measured using a single type of target for one‐target and two‐target detection tasks. The range of sensitivity for two targets was found to be smaller than for one target. Also, for the two‐target task, when the targets were on opposite sides of the fixation point and only one target was detected, the presence of the undetected target affected the boundary. These results suggest that further work is necessary to understand the usefulness of single‐target lobe area data for multiple‐target search tasks. A significant correlation was found between the boundary for one‐target detection and performance on the two‐target test. @ 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FTIR Microanalysis and Phase Behaviour of Ethylene/1‐Hexene Random Copolymers
Authors: Pracella Mariano , D'Alessio Aldo , Giaiacopi Simone , Raspolli Galletti Anna , Carlini Carlo , Sbrana Glauco 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEthylene/1‐hexene random copolymers with 1‐hexene content in the range of 1–5 mol‐%, synthesised in the presence of new heterogeneous catalyst systems based on bis‐carboxylato and ‐bis‐chloro‐carboxylato titanium chelate complexes, have been characterised by FTIR microspectroscopy (FTIR‐M), DSC calorimetry and X‐ray scattering. The co‐monomer content and sequence distribution in the various samples were determined by means of both FTIR‐M and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The deformation bands of methyl groups in the region of 1 400–1 330 cm−1 were used for the structural analysis of these copolymers. The effect of composition on the crystallinity and phase transitions of copolymers was analysed both in 1 500–1 300 and 760–690 cm−1 frequency ranges as a function of the annealing temperature. A neat variation of the absorbance ratio of methyl band at 1 378 cm−1 was recorded between 110 and 130 °C corresponding to the melting range of the copolymer crystals. The crystallisation behaviour of the copolymers was examined by DSC in dynamic and isothermal conditions; the isothermal kinetics were analysed according to the Avrami model. A marked decrease in the bulk crystallisation rate, accompanied by changes in the nucleation and growth of crystals, was found with an increase in the co‐monomer content. The melting behaviour of isothermally crystallised samples was also investigated and the melting temperatures of the copolymers at equilibrium conditions were related to the composition; the experimental data were consistent with the Flory exclusion model of side branches from the crystalline phase. The lowering of crystal growth rate in the copolymers has been accounted for by an increase in the free energy of formation of critical size nuclei due to the effect of the side branches.magnified image
Differences between basic research and the validation of specific measures: A reply to Weinstein; et al.
Authors: Stewart David W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWeinstein, Drozdenko, and Weinstein (1984) take exception to my cautionary note regarding physiological measures of advertising response generally, and more specifically, my comments regarding Brain Wave Analysis. I clarify the intent of my original note and suggest caution remains the appropriate approach to the use of such measures for the specific purpose of evaluating advertising effectiveness. I suggest Weinstein, et al. fail to understand the distinction between basic research and validation of a specific measure for a specific purpose.
Physiological responses and advertising effects: Is the cup half full or half empty?
Authors: Gacioppo John T. , Petty Richard E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA debate has arisen in this journal regarding the utility of psychophysiological measures in general; and of electroencephalographic measures in particular, for evaluating the specific effects of advertising executions. We briefly summarize the positions and replies that have been set forth. Although each is found to have something to contribute, it is also clear that additional basic research using complex persuasion materials in consumer settings is necessary before specific cognitive, emotional, and behavioral advertising effects can be inferred from psychophysiological data. This raises general questions regarding the goal and value of the psychophysiological enterprise. It is suggested that a psychophysiological approach is potentially informative, especially when studying theoretical issues regarding processes underlying social behavior. Research on yet another physiological response system, electrbmyographic activity recorded over the muscles of facial expression, is discussed for purposes of illustration. It is concluded that research has not and is not likely to demonstrate invariant psycho‐physiological links nor has it revealed so little about social processes and behavior that physiological responses and systems can be disregarded. An alternative conception of the psychophysiological enterprise is outlined.
Exploring the impact of personal values on socially oriented communications
Authors: Pitts Robert E. , Canty Ann L. , Tsalikis John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study investigates personal values as a key consideration in social communications designed to influence attitudes. One hundred and sixty‐five students participated in an experiment to examine the impact of personal values on a particular social issue, the “Bottle Bill.” Subjects received one of four advertising treatments designed to stimulate attitudes toward the social stimuli. Source (expert versus non expert) and type of argument (positive versus negative) were manipulated in the advertisements.Consistent with prior research, results indicated that individuals who attached more importance to certain personal values had a more favorable attitude toward a social message. A positive argument had a significant main effect on favorable attitudes toward the “Bottle Bill.” Personal values increased the impact of a positive argument message and altered the effect of expertise cues on overall attitude. The significance of the results for communication strategies and attitude changes are discussed.
Brand loyalty and sequential learning theory
Authors: Knouse Stephen B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCapaldi's Sequential Theory is presented as an alternative learning explanation of brand loyalty. Several hypotheses are derived which predict the effects of delay of reward, intertrial interval, and magnitude of reward upon strength of brand loyalty. To integrate Sequential Theory into the literature of consumer behavior, refinements are proposed, such as requirements for measuring purchasing behavior, a better definition of reward, and the joining of Sequential Theory to the prevailing cognitive theories in consumer behavior.
Product evaluation in a dynamic market
Authors: Dowling G. R. , Midgley D. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper reports the findings of a longitudinal study of the Australian womens' clothing market. Using MANOVA to analyze results from a field experiment allows variation in respondents' beliefs and preferences to be partitioned between (a) factors of theoretical and/or managerial interest (market segments and time), (b) factors representing secondary aspects of the research design (presentation and context of clothes) and (c) traditional measurement threats (repeated measurement). The results obtained for this illustrative case suggest that the variance generated by design choices and measurement effects may be equal to, or greater than, that associated with our theoretical constructs. If such a conclusion were more generally true, it would indicate a pressing need for the improved reporting of research designs and greater attention to the study of methodological artifacts.
Effects of sex and attitudes toward women on the processing of television commercials
Authors: McIntyre Pat , Hosch Harmon M. , Harris Richard Jackson , Norvell D. Wayne 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study examined the effects of sex and attitudes toward women on different cognitive measures that were obtained after ‘liberal’ and ‘nonliberal’ male and female subjects viewed 12 television commercials: 6 commercials depicted ‘traditional’ female roles and 6 were ‘neutral.’ The dependent variables included (1) ratings of the commercials, (2) objections to the commercials, (3) perceived content or interpretation of the commercials, and (4) willingness to buy. The results suggested that liberals had more objections to the stereotypic commercials and that they rated and interpreted some of them more negatively when compared with nonliberals. Liberals were also less willing to buy some of the products after viewing traditional commercials. The findings were discussed with reference to Bem's (1981) gender schema theory.
The effect of limits in retail advertisements: A reactance theory perspective
Authors: Lessne Greg J. , Notarantonio Elaine M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt is not uncommon for retailers to impose limits (e.g., “limit one per customer”) on advertised products. The attitudinal and behavioral effects of such advertised limits have been largely unexplored. The present research uses psychological reactance theory to generate insight into the effects of advertised limits. It was found that limits are both capable of attracting and repelling consumers depending upon the severity of the limit. In the experimental context that was used, age and income were found to be positively related to the effectiveness of limits.
Review and appraisal of subliminal perception within the context of signal detection theory
Authors: Synodinos Nicolaos E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere are many claims that stimuli too weak to be detected can affect behavior in powerful ways. There are also many counterclaims that such phenomena are artifacts. The origins of the subliminal perception controversy are traced and some of the problems with the concepts of threshold and awareness are noted. It is suggested that any treatment of the phenomenon must consider the implications of Signal Detection Theory. The basic concepts of the theory are reviewed and the controversy is translated into its terminology. Some studies on masked‐primes are summarized and evaluated within that context. While It is possible to obtain an effect for primes that are below a level of claimed awareness, such a subjective definition of the threshold is often problematic, because it confounds stimulus detectability with response bias. When an objective definition is adopted (i.e., d' = O), and proper psychophysical methods are followed, there is no support for the effectiveness of undetectable stimuli. Lastly, a recent approach is briefly described which uses phenomenal awareness as a basis for distinguishing between conscious and unconscious perceptual processes.
Subliminal auditory messages: An evaluation
Authors: Merikle Philip M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAudio cassettes claimed by distributors to contain subliminal messages embedded within background sounds are currently‐widely marketed and advertized. Although subliminal perception has generated considerable controversy for many years, recent research suggests that subliminal perception does occur when subjects can detect the presence of a stimulus but have no confidence that a stimulus was even presented. Given that the minimal stimulus condition for subliminal perception is stimulus detection, the subliminal audio cassettes marketed by several distributors were evaluated to determine if this condition was satisfied. Spectrographic analyses indicated that no identifiable speech is contained within the background sounds. In addition, using cassettes supplied by a major distributor, listeners could not distinguish between “signal” and “placebo” cassettes in a forced choice detection task. On the basis of these results, the only reasonable conclusion is that these audio cassettes do not contain any embedded subliminal messages that could conceivably influence behavior.
The influence of model age on children's reactions to advertising stimuli
Authors: Macklin M. Carole 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo studies are reported that explore the role of age of model as a nonverbal cue in advertising directed to children. Conventional advertising wisdom holds “older is better” when casting for commercials directed to children. The purpose of the current work is to focus on the merits of this wisdom. Three different age ranges of models were paired with either toys (Study 1) or foods (Study 2). Preschoolers' attitudinal (affective, evaluative, and behavioral intent) responses to the products were measured. Study 1 (n = 36) with toys suggested support for the conventional wisdom. Study 2 (n = 36) was a replication of procedures from the first study with substitution of food items for toys. Study 2 resulted in no statistical differences at the traditional .05 level, but a trend appeared on behalf of the older‐ and younger‐age models outperforming the same‐age ones. The second study's results suggested that the nature of the product may moderate the effects of the adage, “older is better.”
An inductively derived model of the motivation to shop
Authors: Lesser Jack A. , Kamal Pushp 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to inductively determine the relationships which underlie the motivation to shop. Specifically, a variety of exploratory analyses which have been widely used to construct theory are sequentially applied to the relationships of 10 motivational variables. The outcome of the article is the development of a model of shopping motivation which appears to have been derived through a systematic series of inductive assessment analyses.
Role transitions in older adults: A marketing opportunity
Authors: Schewe Charles D. , Balazs Anne L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractConsumers act out roles throughout their lives. Marketers assist in this role playing by providing the wardrobes, props, and sets in the form of products and services. They also help people understand acceptable role behavior by portraying roles in their communication programs. Consumers assume new roles as they age. This article is designed to enhance understanding of the often‐ignored roles that accompany aging and provides examples of and suggestions for effective marketing for these role transitions.
Prediction of choice in a technically complex, essentially intangible, highly experiential, and rapidly evolving consumer product
Authors: Nataraajan Rajan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study compares the effectiveness of the theory of reasoned action, the most well known attitudinal approach, with that of traditional conjoint analysis, the most popular utilitarian approach, in predicting choice among real brands of word processing software. Results suggest that traditional conjoint analysis has a significantly higher first choice hit rate than the theory of reasoned action. With products such as word processing software, a utilitarian approach may be better than an attitudinal approach for predicting consumer choice. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The role of memory in understanding and encouraging recycling behavior
Authors: Heckler Susan E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article explores the role of memory processes in two aspects of recycling behavior. First, traditional research in cognitive psychology, communication, and consumer behavior is discussed briefly as it relates to understanding how people learn why to recycle. More importantly, a recently emerging stream of memory research, examining memory processes in real‐world contexts, is introduced as a conceptual basis for understanding how people remember when and how to recycle. Additionally, these ideas are integrated to help explain the results of past recycling research and to offer suggestions regarding future recycling programs. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Advancing versus delaying payments and consumer time orientation: A personal selling experiment
Authors: Amyx Douglas , Mowen John C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe authors propose that an individual's capacity to plan and delay consumer decisions may impact purchases within personal selling situations. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of postponing or expediting a payment for a car on purchase intentions. A scale, developed to categorize future‐ and present‐time oriented individuals, was employed as a moderating variable. The results indicate that a present‐time oriented person tends to prefer delayed payments over immediate payments. In contrast, a future‐time oriented person is more likely to prefer immediate payments than a present‐time oriented person. The results are discussed in relation to applications for developing adaptive selling strategies. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Exploring the psychological foundations of ethical positions in marketing
Authors: McIntyre Roger P. , Capen Margaret M. , Minton Ann P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhile demographic variables may ease the exploration of marketing ethics, psychological variables may provide more insight into individual differences in making ethical judgments. This article uses path analysis to explore relationships among cognitive style as measured by the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator, Forsyth's ethical ideologies, and perceptions of moral judgments about ethical behaviors in marketing. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficiency of service delivery systems in large commercial banks
Authors: Hunter William C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article provides novel empirical evidence on the cross‐sectional variation of the productive efficiency of large banks relative to their service delivery systems. The analysis is conducted using data drawn from a sample of 118 large U.S. commercial banks for the years 1989 through 1991. The analysis reveals that centralized service delivery systems increase bank costs significantly. In no case was it found that centralized service delivery systems reduce costs, as is often envisioned by proponents of centralization. It is also found that centralized back‐office operations tend to reduce costs significantly and are consistent with the existence of scale economies in bank back‐office operations. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Accurate calculation method for the capacitance of generalized circular structures
Authors: Tefiku Faton , Yamashita Eikichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe generalized circular structures imply combinations of concentric strip rings with various potentials. The rectangular boundary division method is extended to estimate the total electric field energy from which the capacitance is effectively calculated. Numerical results based on this method are compared with other available numerical results and experimental data.
Singular value decomposition improves accuracy and reliability of T‐septum waveguide field‐matching analysis
Authors: Labay Vladimir A. , Bornemann Jens 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA singular value decomposition (SVD) is used to solve the characteristic matrix equation of 2 different field‐matching analyses as applied to T‐septum waveguide structures. It is demonstrated that SVD avoids the need for complicated numerical zero‐detection algorithms, eliminates the major disadvantages of the classical field‐matching technique, and hence, improves the accuracy and reliability of the computed results. The values obtained are in close agreement with available theoretical data and measurements.
Editorial
Authors: Gupta K. C. , Sarkar Tapan K. , Maricevic Zoran A. , Kahrizi Masoud 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVarious de‐embedding procedures exist for characterizing passive lossless devices where radiation does not play a major role. However, for open structures where higher‐order, leaky‐wave modes are known to exist, or for discontinuity problems where complex modes are known to exist, one may wonder about the utilization of conventional de‐embedding schemes which do not account for power loss due to radiation when transferring planes of references. In this article, the Matrix Pencil Approach is presented as a novel and accurate de‐embedding procedure. In this procedure, the s‐parameters are computed directly without requiring specific values for the characteristic impedance. This is because, in this procedure, the results are automatically normalized with respect to the characteristic impedances of the ports at the frequency of computation. Also, the lines need not be terminated in their characteristic impedances, zo, to evaluate the s‐parameters. Numerical results are presented to illustrate this Matrix Pencil Approach. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of open microstrip lines by MOL
Authors: Chen R. S. , Fang D. G. , Li X. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, the analysis of the characteristics of open planar microstrip by using the method of lines (MOL) is given as the limit case of open cylindrical substrate microstrip lines. Numerical examples of both cylindrical substrate and open planar microstrips are presented. The results are in good agreement with those in the literature; this fact supports the validity of this method. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Microwave modeling of curved coplanar waveguides
Authors: Soghomonian M. S. , Robertson I. D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, curved coplanar waveguides with varying radii of curvature built on alumina substrate have been characterized and a lumped element model has been developed. The model is found to give close agreement with measured data and a simple design formula is introduced for future applications. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.