bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La question de la légitimité monétaire : le Patacón argentin
Authors: Clerc Jean-Marc 
Published: October 2008

Jean-Marc Clerc — The question of monetary legitimacy : The Argentina Patacon case.
During 2002, more than twenty parallel currencies are in circulation in Argentina. These are debt bonds used to pay public servants ;. yet they are not converted into local currency despite their potential liquidity and the remuneration they may procure. The Argentina crisis shows that the acceptability of these titles expresses a lack of reserve values for two reasons : as merchandises, they are structurally dominated by national money, and yet the latter no longer has the confidence of agents, due to its loss of social and political legitimacy.
La gouvernance en microfinance : grille d'analyse et perspectives de recherche
Authors: Lapenu Cécile 
Published: October 2008

Cécile Lapenu — Governance in micro-finance : Analytical scheme and research perspectives.
Today's micro-finance has to perpetuate its activity, notably by means of efficient governance. Bypassing a vision limited to the sole technical aspects and to the relationships between administrators and managers, the cerise committee bases itself on four case studies to propose an analysis of power relationships of the conditions of power-exercise and of the management of its dysfunctions, so as to determine how a micro-financial institution could forestall and overcome moments of crisis. The analysis demonstrates the necessity of an organisational basis that would be common to all forms of governance, and which efficiency would vary according to diverse factors.
Les écarts de connaissances scientifiques et techniques Nord/Sud au regard de la théorie des biens publics mondiaux
Authors: Hugon Philippe 
Published: October 2008

Philippe HUGON — Margins of scientific and technical knowledge between the North and the South, in regard to the theory of Global Public Goods.
The dilemma between private production and collective use of knowledge - a Global Public Good - underscores the renewal of the problematic concerning constructed, transferred and shared knowledge, and concerning the universalism and particularity of knowledge. Other than the postulate and theory of Public and Collective Goods, the analysis has to be posited in terms of conflicts and tensions between local and global knowledge, between intellectual property rights and rights to use, or the rights of « people », and in terms of the limits of merchandising. This article first presents the debate, and then its implications in developing economies.
Les répercussions du trafic de drogue en Colombie
Authors: Rocha Garcia Ricardo 
Published: October 2008

Ricardo Rocha GarcíA — The repercussions of drug trafficking in Columbia.
This essay concerns the repercussions of drug trafficking in Columbia on the economy as well as its collateral effects on sociopolitical stability. It is based on the literature concerning estimates on benefits repatriated during the year 2000. The first part presents the evolution of the economy of narcotics for the period 1980- 2000. The second uncovers the magnitude of profits, their channels of repatriation as well as their micro-economic, sectoral and regional effects. The third part analyses the indirect effects of repatriation and presents the progress attained in terms of quantification. The conclusion envisages two possible scenarios.
Les violences entre hindous et musulmans au Gujarat (Inde) en 2002 : émeutes d'État, pogromes et réaction antijihadiste
Authors: Jaffrelot Christophe 
Published: October 2008

Christophe Jaffrelot — Violence between Hindus and Moslems in Gujarati (Inda) in 2002 : State riots, pogroms and anti-jihad reactions
Riots between Hindus and Moslems increasingly hinge on political determinants. The violence of 2002 in Gujarati is however unique, due to the level of implication of political actors and to the government of that particular State. Such a political instrumentation has been facilitated by Islamic attacks organised in India since december 2001, thus fuelling a desire for reprisals within the Hindu majority. The propaganda of the nationalist Hindu movement has also created conditions that unleash violence even among the aborigine populations, due to the thickening of militant networks of the movement in the current years.
Homicides en Amérique du Sud : les pauvres sont-ils dangereux ?
Authors: Camara Mamadou , Salama Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Mamadou Camara, Pierre Salama — Homicides in South America.
Are the poor dangerous ? Are the poor the principal causes of violence ? Can repressive policies be effective and significantly reduce homicide rates or should the dominant modes of development in these countries be re-examined ? The aim of this article is, first, to overview the state of the matter, then to analyse and discuss the influence of different economic variables on homicide rates, from an econometric test concerning a number of South American countries, between 1995 and 2000. It finally intends to show that while violence and its rise often have economic roots, it is vain to limit the explanation of the phenomenon to economic determinism.
« Construire la paix » après des massacres
Authors: Pouligny Béatrice 
Published: October 2008

Béatrice Pouligny — « Building peace » after massacres
This contribution is concerned with what it may mean to « construct » peace, in societies that have been subjected to mass crimes. It underlines the specific difficulties that researchers are confronted with in practical situations. On the one hand, they have to understand how such massacres could be committed beyond common beliefs on the subject ; on the other, they have to identify resources from which peace may be built in the given society. In so doing, they have to delve deeply into highly paradoxical situations. Such is the adventure for which the first part of this article advances several methodological
Réforme agraire et marché foncier : la réflexion aux États-Unis et son impact dans les institutions multilatérales de développement
Authors: Delahaye Olivier 
Published: October 2008

Olivier DELAHAYE — Agrarian reform and land market : Evolution of agricultural land economics in the United States, and its influence in multilateral institutions
us land economics approach was reshaped through the 20th century, according to the evolution of domestic and foreign contexts. The freehold estate constitution let the place of land regulating main agent to the market. Land reform, become a central point in US foreign policy after World War II, was focused on from 1945, giving place to land market in the 1980s. Neo-institutionalist approaches about land market imperfections is renewing the reflection, in which are increasingly participating multilateral institutions.
Gestion du risque social : la Banque mondiale et la protection sociale dans un monde en voie de mondialisation
Authors: Holzmann Robert , Sherburne-Benz Lynne , Tesliuc Emil 
Published: October 2008

Robert Holzmann, Lynne Sherburne-Benz and Emil Tesliuc — Management of social risk : the World Bank and social protection in a world of globalisation
Social protection is back on the development agenda. Long-time dismissed as ineffective, expensive or even detrimental to development in third-world countries, there is now an increasing understanding that assisting individuals, households and communities in dealing with diverse risks is needed for accelerated poverty reduction and sustained economic and social development. The paper outlines the development aspect of social protection, presents briefly the social risk management concept and its operationalization in risk and vulnerability evaluations, explains the focus on vulnerable groups (such as children and disabled), and briefly reviews traditional programs such as labor market and pensions through the srm lens.
La protection sociale dans le Brésil de Lula : trop de dépenses, ou trop peu de recettes ?
Authors: Lautier Bruno 
Published: October 2008

Bruno Lautier — Social protection in Lula 's Brazil : too much expenditure or too little revenue ?
The social protection debate re-launched by the election of Lula focuses on two issues : The « zero hunger » programme and public sector retirement pensions. Social protection however amounts to more than these two. After a brief review of the situation of the 90s, this paper underlines the principal reasons for the Brazilian social protection crisis, mainly poor revenues and the reasons thereto. Room for manœuvre depends on capacity to build a project and a consensus on social protection, but that is hardly in sight.
La résurgence des politiques sociales au Mexique
Authors: Valencia Lomeli Enrique 
Published: October 2008

Enrique Valencia Lomelí — The resurgence of social policies in Mexico
This article retraces Mexican social policies, from the import substitution period to current liberal inroads. It first analyses social policies related to the growth period : The social risk management forms, the integration of the whole population in a social security system and the limits of the strategy. It follows with a presentation of the reforms of the 90s, featuring new policy targets. The discussion leads to an appraisal of social policies issuing from political regime change with particular regard to the resultant social risks of exclusion. The current debate in Mexico, dubbed as the « re-emergence of the social », appears to be a factor of major political confrontation.
Prostitution, crime organisé et marchandisation
Authors: Poulin Richard 
Published: October 2008

Richard POULIN — Prostitution, organised crime and merchandising
Analyses of capitalist globalisation bearing on the industry of sexual trade are rare. While in full expansion, this industry produces very large population movements and generates flashy incomes. Its phenomenal growth entails the transformation of millions of women and children into sexual merchandise. After assessing the rise of sexual markets and examining the role of organised crime on the basis of its global deployment, the article analyses the merchandising process at work and the mechanisms through which specific human merchandises alienated through their sex are « fabricated ».
La violence indienne aux prises avec l'imaginaire
Authors: Heuzé Djallal G. 
Published: October 2008

Djallal G. HeuzÉ — Indian violence at loggerheads with the imaginary
Taking as examples the recurrent drama experienced within the framework of popular Hindu and Moslem milieus, this article attempts to portray the fundamental dimensions of mass violence. Instrumentalist and structuralist theories are not denied. However, the analysed situations reveal that, within entire gaps of violence, imaginary representations and hybrid « civilisation constructions » hold a considerable place. The data related to gender and sexual tensions, the reinvention of the hero and the martyr, the appropriation of space through religious bias play major parts. The fascination exerted on crowds through confrontation is not due to taste for brutality but to the relationships that the latter entertains with the
La violence ethnique à l'épreuve des faits : le cas du Nigeria
Authors: Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine 
Published: October 2008

Marc- Antoine PÉROUSE de Montclos — Ethnic violence in the face of facts : The case of Nigeria
Reputed as one of the most violent countries of Africa, Nigeria has gone through numerous conflicts, which don't correspond to lineage patterns only. In fact, power networks and ethnic identities first constitute a handy mode of mobilisation for politicians rivalling at State control and the resources thereto. Given such a viewpoint, tribal explanations of violence are profoundly reductive. Considered within the federal framework, which upholds indigenous rights, community disputes, in reality, obey dynamics « from below » just as those « from above ».
Colombie : le contexte social de la concentration de la propriété rurale à la fin du XXe siècle
Authors: Gomez Jimenez Alcides 
Published: October 2008

Alcides Gomez Jimenez — Colombia : The social context of rural property concentration at the end of the XXth century
An unprecedented phenomenon of land tenure concentration is occurring in rural Colombia. It brings about massive peasant evictions resulting in an increase of poverty and of disparity levels much worse than in cities. This extension of the latifundia is linked to drug trafficking. It uses violent methods of expropriation of the peasantry. As such, the transformation of agricultural land into pastures has been exaggerated, without a parallel increase in livestock. The livestock rearing zones hardly contribute to fiscal revenue and block the functioning of the land market. Agrarian reform in Columbia is as such waiting for its hour.
Travail précoce au Brésil : réalité sociale et enjeu politique
Authors: Rocha Sonia 
Published: October 2008

Sonia Rocha — Premature labour in Brazil : Social reality and political stakes
The article characterizes the labour of children aged between 10 and 14 years. Given that the age of entry into the labour market does not play a preponderant role on individuals' future income, the study relies on other pertinent aspects of reality, such as the combination of labour and schooling, and their incidence on laborious activities. Widespread as it still is, premature labour reflects a wide range of varying life situations. Therefore, critical conditions requiring the deployment of a specific social policy, that doubly aims at child protection and at fighting future poverty, must be precisely identified.
Du salut du peuple de Dieu au salut de Mexico. La participation politique des évangéliques
Authors: Masferrer Kan Elio 
Published: October 2008

Elio Masferrer Kan — From the salvation of the people of God to the salvation of Mexico : The political participation of the Evangelists
The text draws a panorama of the role played by Mexican « Evangelists » in national politics during the last century. Though a minority, their growing numbers have transformed them into an inevitable group. The author analyses the dynamics of their behavior in relation to political phenomena, to elections and to the diversity of attitudes they have adopted in front of the last two governments (Salinas de Gortari and Fox). The analysis further concerns the instability in the Chiapas, where the increase of converts in Indian communities has lead to an explosive social situation.
La représentation de l'Esprit-saint chez les Pilagá du Chaco central
Authors: Idoyaga Molina Anatilde 
Published: October 2008

Anatilde Idoyaga Molina — The representation of the Holy Spirit among the Pilaga of central Chaco
The Pilaga are among the indigenous populations of the Chaco in Argentina. Their cosmogony brings into play a great diversity of spiritual entities that sustain relationships of dependency and/or conflict among themselves and with humans. Far from implying a conversion to Western values, the introduction of a Pentecostal movement in the 1940s brought about the appropriation of the figure of the Holy Spirit and its fusing into a symbolical universe crisscrossed by ancestral and foreign dimensions. In particular, the author shows how some chamans also resort to « conversion » as a way of affirming a new power.
Marché des croyances et socialisme de marché au Vietnam
Authors: Sélim Monique 
Published: October 2008

Monique Sélim — The market of beliefs and market socialism in Vietnam
The author deciphers the various axis of a return of « beliefs » in a post communist Vietnam, which has however not abandoned an almost fifty years-old official discourse. One may thus witness a cult dedicated to Lieuh Hanh, a mythical figure that is restructuring historic and cultural identity. The second axis turns around personages whose practices embody geomancy, magnetism, meditation and astrology ; they are the new actors of individual and collective salvation. Finally the « mediators of the dead », a category that derives from the previous one - have to render to their families the bodies of those dead or disappeared during the last wars of liberation of the country, through some sort of exorcism. The analysis brings to light the way in which the State uses the new rituals for political aims.
Analyse économique des politiques éducatives en temps de crise à Cuba : la difficile préservation des acquis sociaux
Authors: Mulot Éric 
Published: October 2008

Éric Mulot — Economic analysis of educational policies in times of crisis in Cuba : The trying conservation of social benefits
The education system in Cuba has long since been presented as one of the most developed in Latin America and the Caribbean's, both in qualitative and quantitative terms. The economic crisis experienced by the country since 1989- 1991 has however rendered difficult its financing and thereby the maintenance of exceptional results. This article is devoted to showing how Cuban authorities have faced the shock from an economic standpoint. While the education system appears to pull through from such a difficult period, its capacity to contain disparities has nonetheless been considerably reduced.
Démocratie et développement
Authors: Marchesin Philippe 
Published: October 2008

Philippe MARCHESIN — Democracy and Development.
This article is an updated attempt to synthesise a classical theme in development studies : the relationship between democracy and development. Far from the normative attitude of pedalling the dominant ideology of « market democracy », the empirical approach offers a contrasted view : the relationships between democracy and development do not amount to a direct reciprocal conditionality but consist of multiple indirect relationships. Recent works consecrated to human development at the internal level, or to matters of international relations and global government, place the democracy-development equation at the heart of analyses, which goes to demonstrate the prevailing character of the debate.
Trajectoires de croissance et volatilité macroéconomique dans le Mercosur : quelques éléments d'analyse empirique
Authors: Saludjian Alexis 
Published: October 2008

Alexis Saludjian — Growth trends and macro-economic volatility in the Mercosur : Some elements of empirical analysis.
To determine whether or not the nature of economic integration is a vector of macro- economic volatility, it is necessary to study the characteristics of different growth patterns in the countries of the Mercosur by bringing to light established trends. Such is the purpose of this article, which assesses the performance of the zone during the 1960-2002 period and analyses the strengths and limits of each growth pattern. The Mercosur and the modalities of its development between 1991 and 2003 are given special consideration by stressing the importance of pattern change and its impact as regards macro-economic volatility.
Une analyse empirique de l'impact de la libéralisation financière en Afrique subsaharienne sur la période 1983-1996
Authors: Verdier Audrey 
Published: October 2008

Audrey Chouchane-Verdier — An empirical analysis of the impact of financial liberalisation in Sub-Saharan Africa during the 1983-1996 period.
This article analyses the efficiency of financial liberalisation policies undertaken in the majority of Sub-Saharan African economies at the end of the 1980's and the beginning of the 1990's. The evolution of the index of financial development that has been designed here shows a general regression of banking performances and enhanced stability on loan markets. This paper studies in greater detail the case of the countries of the franc zone as regards the application of financial reforms and stresses the discrepancies of the established measures and the banking structures in this region of the world.
Entre État et marché. Une nouvelle régulation sanitaire pour les pays en développement ?
Authors: Tizio Stéphane 
Published: October 2008

Stéphane Tizio — Between State and market : A new sanitary regulation for developing countries ?
This paper is positioned in a critical perspective of the most recent international recommendations in matters of health in developing countries and particularly in Sub- Saharan African countries. A brief history of health policies shows that the promotion of these new instruments is greatly owed to the limits of the State and market models of organising health systems. Proceeding from the neo-institutional models of such new health policies, we shall demonstrate the implications and limits consisting, among other things, of discarding the political and ethical dimensions of regulating health systems.
Existe-t-il encore une place pour la coopération bilatérale ? Réflexions à partir de l'expérience canadienne
Authors: Campbell Bonnie , Hatcher Pascale 
Published: October 2008

Bonnie Campbell and Pascale Hatcher — Is there still a place for bilateral strategies of international cooperation ? Reflections on the basis of the Canadian experience.
The multilateralisation of analysis and development strategies proposed by the Bret ton Woods institutions has major political implications for aid policies. Based on an analysis of the Canadian experience, this article raises concerns that Canada might abandon its ability to achieve coherence among its various policy instruments at the bilateral level and, as well, that Canada might abdicate responsibility for its own development and aid policies. In such a context, the existence of an autonomous specialised bilateral agency such as the Canadian International Development Agency, СIDА, represents a valuable institutional means which provides space and hence safeguards for debates, analysis and policies which are unlikely to emerge from any other institution.
La solidarité internationale, une profession ? Ambivalence et ambiguïtés de la professionnalisation
Authors: Freyss Jean 
Published: October 2008

Jean Freyss — International Solidarity, a profession ?
Is the issue of professionalizing ngo's not, in some way, an expression of more profound transformations affecting such organisations ? This article deciphers the main links which condition the strategies of ngo's before presenting a historical and socio-political analysis of movements of international solidarity around two ideological poles : philanthropic charity and social solidarity. From these results the ambivalence of this professionalizing, the notion of which covers two distinct processes whose pertinence raises questions, in the light of the developments which have now led to the pre-eminence of humanitarian urgencies.
Pour comprendre la professionnalisation dans les ONG : quelques apports d'une sociologie des professions
Authors: Le Naëlou Anne 
Published: October 2008

Anne Le Naëlou — Understanding the professionalizing in NGO's : Some contribution from the sociology of professions.
The general tendency to professionalize and market international solidarity during the 1990's and the increasing importance of the liberal model weakened the initial mobilizing bond in the ngo's and, instead, reactivated the sectoral and corporatist logics of the professions which govern their actions. Such a development is evident in the tendency to present technicality (expertise) and professional competence as a capital attribute of ngo's, at the expense of the social transformation goals which animate them. The prevailing functionalist approach limits the abilities of the NGO's to ensure the redeployment of competences and structuring that they require in dealing with specific projects of international solidarity.