bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A serious warning: A case report on localized amyloidosis of the oral cavity
Authors: John Sharon , Subba Priyambadha , Aramugam Aravindhan , Gupta Shalini , Khanna Richa 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Amyloidosis is a relatively rare condition with an array of complex pathophysiology. Localized amyloidosis is a rare and benign condition that practically never results in any clinical repercussions in the head and neck area. Multiple soft nodules of the tongue, lip, and cheek are the most commonly described defining characteristics of localized oral amyloidosis. These nodules originate due to the proliferation of abnormally folded protein aggregates in the body’s extracellular tissue compartments, which destroy organ structure and function. Herein, we address the case of a female infant aged one with a smooth nodule in the labial mucosa who was diagnosed with primary localized amyloidosis. When a patient is diagnosed with amyloidosis of the oral mucosa, the possibility of systemic amyloidosis or an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia must be ruled out. Surgical treatment may be beneficial for eliminating any functional impairment if primary localized amyloidosis is established.
Lipoblastoma of the lip
Authors: Cota Jochima , Borkar Richa R. , Savalkar Jitisha J. , Chalakkal Paul , Spadigam Anita 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Lipoblastomas are benign tumors arising from embryonic white fatty cells that continue to proliferate and develop during the postnatal period. It commonly affects children 3 years of age or younger, with the neck being the most frequent site in the head and neck region. Only 10% of cases are seen at 10 years or above. The etiopathogenesis of lipoblastomas is linked to polysomy and rearrangement of chromosome 8q11–13 with or without the involvement of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) gene. Here, we report one of the first cases of lipoblastoma of lip in a 10-year-old boy with atypical immunohistochemical features and the need for thorough clinical and histopathological evaluation of cases with atypical findings. The novel pathogenetic mechanism of lipoblastoma from the cluster of differentiation 34-positive (CD34+) stem cells has also been discussed.
Safety and efficacy of indigenously developed Ruthenium-106 eye plaque for brachytherapy of a spectrum of ocular tumors: A case series
Authors: Kumar Sonali Vinay , Kumar Ashok , Semwal Manoj K. , Mishra Sanjay Kumar 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Various treatment modalities are available for treatment of ocular tumors, which include chemotherapy, laser, and radiotherapy (external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy). Brachytherapy using plaque applicator is preferred over external beam radiation therapy when the tumor is well localized, as this therapy delivers radiation dose to the tumor with lower doses to normal tissues in the vicinity. However, plaque therapy is expensive and beyond the reach of many poor patients in India. The Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) recently introduced an indigenous Ruthenium-106 plaque to make brachytherapy treatment available and affordable to all needy patients in India. In the present case series, we report our experience using the indigenous Ru-106 plaque for the treatment of a spectrum of ocular tumors.
Cytomorphological analysis of effusion fluids for detection of malignant cells in a tertiary care hospital in northern India
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Asotra Sarita , Asotra Sehar 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Introduction:
All body cavities are lined by monolayered mesothelial cells and contain a minimal amount of fluid for lubrication and for protecting the underlying viscera. The peritoneal, pleural, cerebrospinal, sputum, urine, and pericardial fluids comprise the major chunk of body fluids.

Material and Methods:
The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital in northern India, over a period of 1 year, from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 241 samples were included in the study.

Results:
Out of the 241 samples studied, 99 were peritoneal fluid, 94 were pleural fluids, 29 were CSF, and 18 were sputum samples. Maximum number of patients affected were in the age group of 41–50 years. Female preponderance was seen with male to female ratio of 1:1.7. A total of 143/241 cases (59.33%) were of transudative nature and 98/241 (27.8%) cases were exudative. Out of 241 cases, 43 (17.84%) were neoplastic, 190 (78.83%) were non-neoplastic, four (1.65%) were suspicious for malignancy, and four (1.65%) were where no opinion was possible. Peritoneal fluid was the most frequently encountered fluid accounting for 99 cases (41.07%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy accounting for 29 cases (67.44%) out of 43 malignant effusions in the present study.

Conclusion:
Cytological evaluation of body fluids is of significant utility in diagnostic medicine as it allows us to distinguish between benign and malignant etiologies and at the same time offers rapid diagnosis and staging of metastatic disease.
Diagnosing lung cancer at a younger age and with male dominance: Comparison of Turkish patients with United States patients
Authors: Tas Faruk 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
The risk of lung cancer (LC) increases with an older age and is most frequently diagnosed among patients aged 65–74 years with an increasing women ratio over the years in the United States (US).

Aim:
This study aimed to demonstrate the age and gender distribution of Turkish LC patients at diagnosis over the past 10 years.

Material and Methods:
A total of 5,201 LC patients who had been admitted to the Institute of Oncology, a tertiary referral center, from January 2011 to December 2020 were included in the study.

Results:
The median age at diagnosis was 62 years. This was 9 years younger than that of the US patients according to surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program data from 2015 to 2019, showing that the median age at diagnosis was 71 years. The distribution curve of the age-specific incidence ratios significantly shifted to the left compared to the American data. The majority of the patients were men (79.2%); women were 20.8%. These values were quite different from the US patients; the distribution of gender was nearly identical, with 51.8% for men and 48.2% for women according to American Cancer Society data from 2011 to 2020. The changes in the ratios of Turkish and US LC patients by sex were identical over the years; although the proportion of men has been in a downtrend, the proportion of women has been in an uptrend in both countries.

Conclusion:
Turkish LC patients are diagnosed at younger ages and male-dominant compared to LC patients from the US, and this portends a significant health problem. Therefore, efforts to quit smoking must be increased.
Ewing’s sarcoma masquerading as an odontogenic infection
Authors: Hamid Rizwan , Gaur Ambika , Gupta Sunita , Garg Ritu 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a small, blue, malignant, round cell tumor of unknown origin. ES is the fourth most common malignant bone tumor, whereas among children, it is found to be the second most common primary malignant bone tumor after osteosarcoma. Swelling is usually the first clinical presentation, followed by pain. ES is an aggressive tumor showing rapid growth and metastasis with complex diagnosis. Because mandibular involvement is rare, it can be misdiagnosed as an odontogenic infection/tumor. We report an unusual case of ES in a 13-year-old female treated for an odontogenic infection before a diagnosis of ES was finally made to make the clinicians aware of this rare entity. Emphasis is also given that ES and odontogenic infections/tumors can masquerade each other with delays in diagnosis and the possibility of devastating results.
Is lifelong follow-up necessary for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma? Case series and a review of the literature
Authors: Bahçecioğlu Adile Begüm , Erdoğan Murat Faik 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Late recurrences of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are seen rarely, especially for low-risk PTC. However, there are cases of late metastasis described in the literature, even four decades after the first treatment. We presented three low-risk PTC cases with late recurrences. In the first case, recurrence with distant organ metastasis without locoregional disease occurred 36 years after the first treatment. Recurrences in second and third cases were seen with lateral neck metastasis without central (skip metastasis), 17 and 10 years after the primary treatment. Initial treatment was ideal, and all three were followed with a complete response for years, after recurrences were diagnosed and appropriate treatments were administered. Increasing frequency of low-risk PTC increases medical costs of these patients. Thus, some suggest shortening the follow-up period not only because the increasing health burden but also because of the rarity of late recurrences as well. Some authors suggest that dynamically risk-stratified (DRS) low-risk thyroid cancer patients having excellent response to treatment after 5 years of follow-up can be discharged to primary care. Primary care facilities may follow patients with unmeasurable Thyroglobulin (Tg) levels; however, our cases suggest continuing thyroglobulin measurements (annual or at least every few years) for the exceptional but possible late recurrences.
Recent updates on the role of phytochemicals in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Sharma Pramita , Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat , Majumder Rabindranath 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant type of glioma. This malignant brain tumor is a devastating disease and is often fatal. The spectrum of illness and poor prognosis associated with brain tumors extract a terrible toll on patients and their families. The inoperability of these tumors and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy contribute to the fatal outcome of this disease. Thus, scientists are hunting for the new drug candidate and safer chemoprevention, especially the phytochemicals that possess potent anti-tumor properties. We have summarized the cellular and biochemical impacts of different phytochemicals that can successfully encounter GBM via induction of apoptosis and active interference in different cell and molecular pathways associated with GBM in brain tumors. The in silico predictive model determining the blood–brain barrier permeability of the compound and their potential druggability are discussed in the review.
Extraprostatic extension in multiparametric MRI; Is presurgical detection possible?
Authors: Ayaz Muzaffer , Gülseren Yıldız , İnan İbrahim , Ok Fesih , Kabaalioğlu Adnan , Yıldırım Asıf 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Introduction:
Extraprostatic extension (EPE) is one of the important factors affecting the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, preoperative evaluation of the presence of EPE is essential in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) examination. However, for the evaluation of mpMRI, objective criteria are needed to detect EPE, especially microscopic EPE.

Aim:
To evaluate the efficacy of 1.5T MRI using lesion length (LL) and tumor-capsule contact length (TCL) in detecting EPE in PCa.

Methods:
A total of 110 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy due to PCa were enrolled. Preoperative MR images were evaluated retrospectively by two independent observers who did not know the histopathological results. The observers evaluated LL and TCL. The radiological findings, including lesion location, were verified using histopathological mapping.

Results:
Multiparametric MRI examination of the prostate demonstrated low sensitivity (Observer 1; 40.4% and Observer 2; 40.4%) but high specificity (Observer 1; 96.6% and Observer 2; 84.5%), with significant differences for detecting EPE (Observer 1, P < 0.0001; Observer 2, P = 0.003). The increased PI-RADS score correlated positively with the increased EPE rate (P < 0.0001 for both observers). The mean LL and TCL values were statistically significantly higher in patients with EPE than in patients without EPE. The TCL was a significant parameter for EPE, with high sensitivity and low for both observers. For both observes the cutoff value of LL for EPE was 14.5 mm, and the cutoff value of TCL for EPE was 9.5 mm. Histopathological LL value (28 ± 12,3 mm) was higher than radiological LLs (Observer 1; 22,14 ± 10,15 mm and Observer 2; 19,06 ± 8,61).

Conclusion:
The results revealed that 1.5T MRI demonstrated low sensitivity and high specificity in detecting EPE. The LL and TCL may be indirectly beneficial in detecting EPE. Considering the radiological underestimation of LL may be helpful before PCa surgery.
Prognostic importance of PD-L1 expression in bladder cancer patients
Authors: Durur Sumeyye , Uzun Hakkı , Bedir Recep , Nalkiran Ihsan , Nalkiran Hatice Sevim 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS

Background:
PD-L1/PD-1 molecules are known as important mediators in immune-escape mechanisms of tumors. PD-L1 is highly expressed in various malignancies, including bladder cancer. However, the prognostic value of PD-L1 in bladder cancer patients remains controversial.

Aim:
To investigate the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues of bladder cancer patients.

Subjects and Methods:
RNA was isolated from FFPE tumor tissues of 48 bladder cancer patients using the monophasic phenol and guanidine isothiocyanate method. Total RNA was converted to cDNA and gene expression levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The differential expression levels of the PD-L1 gene between tumor grade and cancer stage groups were analyzed by independent student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA.

Results:
Statistically significantly increased PD-L1 expression was observed in the high-grade tumor group (p < 0.05). No significant difference in PD-L1 expression was found among pTa, pT1, and pT2 groups. In addition, the difference in overall survival was not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion:
The results showed that high PD-L1 expression in bladder cancer was associated with tumor aggressiveness and grade. Despite the inability of the qRT-PCR to show the PD-L1 expression at different locations of tumor tissue, evaluation of PD-L1 mRNA expression by qRT-PCR, which is a highly sensitive and specific assay, appears to be a robust approach. Furthermore, these findings may contribute to a rationale for recommending anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy as an alternative to standard therapy for bladder cancer patients who are most likely to benefit from it.
Oral malignant melanoma – Clinical presentation with immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Gunasekaran Nandhini , Ajay Ashwini , Ahmed Sahanaz Praveen , Arumugam Hemalatha 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Oral melanoma is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis because of its invasive and metastasizing tendencies. It is derived from the melanocytes and is clinically asymptomatic initially but in later stages may show ulceration, pain, bleeding, tooth mobility, and parasthesia. Because of its silent progression, diagnosis is often delayed leading to poor survival rate. This article presents the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings of a rare case of melanoma involving the maxilla and also highlights the importance of dental professionals in maintaining a high degree of surveillance for all oral pigmented lesions.
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the larynx: A clinical report with pooled analysis and review of published cases
Authors: Nath Jyotiman , Sarma Gautam , Das Ankita , Das Kishore , Kakati Lopamudra 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTS
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the larynx is a rare tumor comprising 0.2% of all laryngeal neoplasms. To our knowledge, less than 50 cases of LEC of the larynx are reported in the literature. The lack of specific guidelines leads to uncertainty on this rare entity’s diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. The association of Epstein–Barr virus as a predisposing factor of LEC has been proposed in a few reports. Although the occurrence of LEC in the larynx is infrequent, it is essential to differentiate it from squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry should be performed to demonstrate cytokeratin expression. It is a very aggressive tumor with high metastatic potential; however, it is hard to comment on the disease outcome of LEC of the larynx because only case reports are available in the literature. Here, we report a case of LEC of the larynx (CK +ve, CD 45 –ve, and EBER-ISH –ve) in a 49-year-old male. Initially, the patient was planned for surgery but defaulted. He reported back after 4 months, and there was clinicoradiological disease progression. Because of the unresectable status and poor general condition, he received palliative radiotherapy only. Additionally, we have conducted a pooled analysis of the individual cases of LEC of larynx available in the literature to understand the clinical behavior to optimize the treatment of these patients.
Evaluation of treatment responses among subgroups of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Dagıstanli Sevinc , Sonmez Suleyman , Bulut Nilufer , Kose Ali Mertcan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Breast MRIs are helpful for determining treatment plans, responses, and prospective survival analyses. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we compared the preoperative MRI treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) administration with the postoperative pathological response in breast cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed data from 108 hospitalized patients receiving NAC between 2020 and 2022. We used MRI to evaluate the treatment response to NAC in patients with locally advanced breast cancers who had not received any prior treatment. We recorded the longest diameter of the primary tumor and the numbers of secondary tumors and axillary lymph nodes. In addition, we examined the correlation between the MRI response rate and pathological specimen results.

Results:
In our subgroup analyses, we found the best pathological response in patients with luminal B (Ki-67 index >14%) breast cancer and positivity for both hormone receptor and HER-2 markers. After comparing the pathological and radiological treatment responses in tumors and lymph nodes, the sensitivities were 90.3% for the pathological assessment and 42.8% for the radiological assessment, while the accuracies were 84.2% for the pathological assessment and 61.1% for the radiological assessment.

Conclusion:
Using MRI techniques and sequence intervals and examining the histopathological characteristics of tumors may help increase the accuracy of the pathological complete response.
Outcomes of Sterotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for pelvic lymph node recurrences after adjuvant or primary radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Gamsiz Hakan , Sager Omer , Uysal Bora , Dincoglan Ferrat , Demiral Selcuk , Ozcan Fatih , Colak Onurhan , Dirican Bahar , Beyzadeoglu Murat 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
There is a paucity of data on the management of recurrent lymph nodes after primary or adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we report our tertiary cancer center experience with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the management of pelvic lymph node recurrences after adjuvant or primary RT for PCa.

Materials and Methods:
Patients who underwent SBRT for pelvic lymph node metastases from PCa between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively assessed for local control (LC), androgen deprivation treatment-free survival (ADT-FS), and toxicity outcomes. The primary endpoint was LC and ADT-FS. The secondary endpoint was late treatment toxicity.

Results:
Twenty-two lesions of 18 patients receiving SBRT for pelvic lymph node recurrences for PCa between February 2013 and March 2019 were evaluated. At a median follow-up duration of 29.5 months (range: 9–54 months), LC was 95.5% vs. 90.2% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Ten patients received palliative ADT following SBRT after a median period of 14.5 months (range: 6–31 months). ADT-FS was 72.2% and 54.3% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Comparative analysis of biologically effective dose (BED) values revealed that higher BED10 values were associated with higher ADT-FS (P = 0.008). ADT-FS was 55.6% and 88.9% for BED10 <50 Gy and for BED10 >50 Gy, respectively (P = 0.008). Assessment of late toxicity outcomes revealed that the most common toxicity was urinary toxicity and fatigue; however, no patient had ≥ grade 3 toxicity.

Conclusion:
Our tertiary cancer center experience confirms the safety and efficacy of SBRT for the management of pelvic lymph node recurrences from PCa.
A rare case of peritoneal metastases from oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a young male after completion of chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Aggarwal Abhishek , Jindal Gunjan , Gupta Shubhangi , Ruchandani Manisha 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Distant metastases are frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), but they are limited to some organs like lungs, bone, mediastinum, liver and brain. Peritoneal metastases (PMs) from HNSCC are extremely rare. A 28-year-old chronic smoker and alcoholic was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx. Patient was admitted and was given six cycles of concurrent chemo and radiotherapy (CCRT) and was discharged. Two months later, he presented with abdominal pain and lump. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed ascites, peritoneal implants and subcutaneous deposit which were proved to be metastases by histopathology. The present case is the seventh reported case of PM from HNSCC. • Patients of HNSCC shall be screened for distant metastases. • Differential diagnosis of HNSCC needs consideration when encountered with peritoneal metastases. • Research is required to understand the basis of PM in HNSCC while on CCRT to suggest management modifications.
Intraoral neurofibroma: A case report with emphasis on immunohistochemical markers
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy Mounika , Vasanthi V , Gunasekaran Nandhini , Vinay G 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
A neurofibroma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor. They occur in combination with neurofibromatosis or as a solitary mass. Intraoral neurofibromas pose diagnostic difficulties, suggesting the appropriate use of diagnostic markers and clinical knowledge. Here, we report a case of intraoral neurofibroma in a 57-year-old female who reported with the complaint of painless growth in the lower left back tooth region for the past three years. Based on the clinical features, provisional diagnosis of traumatic fibroma was made. However, histopathology proved it to be a benign spindle cell lesion; upon further investigation by immunohistochemistry, it was diagnosed to be a case of neurofibroma.
A rare lung tumor: Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma
Authors: Sahin Mehmet F. , Beyoglu Muhammet A. , Kıran Merve M. , Yekeler Erdal 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Synovial sarcoma is one of the rare soft tissue sarcomas occurring in the periarticular region originating from synovia. Synovial sarcomas occur less frequently in the neck, tongue, larynx, mediastinum, heart, lung, abdominal wall, small intestine, mesentery, and retroperitoneum. Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma is a poor pathological condition without extrapulmonary involvement. In these rapidly progressing tumors, making quick decisions is important and performing complete resection is the best treatment that contributes to survival. Herein, we present a case of primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma in which we were able to achieve long-term survival with the multimodal approach after complete resection.