bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of banks in the Czech monetary policy transmission mechanism
Authors: Pruteanu‐Podpiera Anca Maria 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWith this work, I aim to enrich the knowledge about the monetary policy transmission mechanism in the Czech Republic with empirical evidence on the impact of monetary policy on bank lending. Using a panel of quarterly time series for Czech commercial banks for the period 1996–2001, I study the overall effect of monetary policy changes on the growth rate of loans and the characteristics of the supply of loans. The characterization of the credit market's supply side allows us to make inferences on the operativeness of the credit channel (the bank lending channel and the broad credit channel) of the monetary transmission mechanism. I find that changes in monetary policy alter the growth rate of loans, with considerably stronger magnitude in the period 1999–2001 than in the period 1996–1998. From the analysis intended to capture the characteristics of the supply of loans, I conclude that the lending channel was operative in the period 1996–1998: I find cross‐sectional differences in the lending reactions to monetary policy shocks due to the degree of capitalization and to liquidity. For the subsequent period 1999–2001, the results also show distributional effects of monetary policy due to bank size and its bank's proportion of classified loans. In the context of steadily decreasing interest rates, this can bolster the supposition of financial frictions between borrowers and lenders and hence, that of an operative broad credit channel.
Returns to schooling in Kazakhstan
Authors: Arabsheibani G. Reza , Mussurov Altay 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper examines rates of return to schooling in Kazakhstan using OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) and instrumental variable (IV) methodologies. We use spouse's education and smoking as instruments. We find that spouse's education is a valid instrument and that conventional OLS estimates that assume the exogenous nature of schooling, and hence do not control for endogeneity bias, may underestimate the true rates of return. The results indicate that the returns to schooling in Kazakhstan have increased with transition. This may reflect the relative scarcities of highly educated people in Kazakhstan with human capital that employers require and, following the market reforms, reward accordingly.
Investigation of the PARK10 Gene in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Li Y. J. , Deng J. , Mayhew G. M. , Grimsley J. W. , Huo X. , Vance J. M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryTwo recent association mapping studies in Parkinson disease (PD) reported three candidate genes for the PARK10 locus: EIF2B3 as a modifier of age‐at‐onset of PD (min P= 0.0004) and HIVEP3 as a PD risk gene (P ≤ 0.006) (Oliveira et al. 2005); and LOC200008 (CDCP2) identified by the whole genome association (WGA) study of PD of Maraganore et al. (2005). However, evaluation of the on‐line PD WGA results revealed two significant SNPs in HIVEP3 in the two datasets, Tier 1 and Tier 2, used by Maraganore et al. (P ≤ 0.008 for Tier 1 and P=0.03 for Tier 2 dataset). Here, we revisited both the HIVEP3 and CDCP2 loci by examining 47 SNPs, mostly tagging, in an expanded PD family dataset (293 multiplex and 467 singleton families). A discordant sibpair (DSP) dataset (one DSP per family), with similar data structure as the WGA Tier 1 dataset, was also tested. We confirmed our and other previous negative findings for CDCP2. However, five significant SNPs in HIVEP3 (min P=0.004) were observed, although the two significant HIVEP3 SNPs from the PD WGA study were not significant in our datasets. Even though the sets of significant HIVEP3 markers differ between studies, these findings strongly support HIVEP3 as a candidate for PARK10. Further testing of HIVEP3 by other groups is encouraged.
Multivariate Linkage Analysis of Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
Authors: Monaco Anthony P. 
Published: March 2007

SUMMARYSpecific language impairment (SLI) is defined as an inability to develop appropriate language skills without explanatory medical conditions, low intelligence or lack of opportunity. Previously, a genome scan of 98 families affected by SLI was completed by the SLI Consortium, resulting in the identification of two quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 16q (SLI1) and 19q (SLI2). This was followed by a replication of both regions in an additional 86 families. Both these studies applied linkage methods to one phenotypic trait at a time. However, investigations have suggested that simultaneous analysis of several traits may offer more power. The current study therefore applied a multivariate variance‐components approach to the SLI Consortium dataset using additional phenotypic data. A multivariate genome scan was completed and supported the importance of the SLI1 and SLI2 loci, whilst highlighting a possible novel QTL on chromosome 10. Further investigation implied that the effect of SLI1 on non‐word repetition was equally as strong on reading and spelling phenotypes. In contrast, SLI2 appeared to have influences on a selection of expressive and receptive language phenotypes in addition to non‐word repetition, but did not show linkage to literacy phenotypes.
Cell cycle arrest by oxaliplatin on cancer cells
Authors: William‐Faltaos Sara , Rouillard Dany , Lechat Philippe , Bastian Gérard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOxaliplatin (L‐OHP) is the only platinum compound to show activity in colorectal cancer. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of L‐OHP on four human cancer cell lines and its influence on the cell cycle, when treated during long exposure (72 h) and different post‐incubation times (24 or 72 h). We used a panel of cell lines: HT29 (colon cancer), MCF7 (breast cancer), Hela (uterine cervix) and A549 (lung adenocarcinoma). Inhibition concentration (IC)50 was assessed by MTT assay. Cell cycle modifications were determined using dual parameter bromodeoxyuridine and propidium iodide. L‐OHP yielded a superior cytotoxicity on HT29 and MCF7 relative to Hela and A549 after treatment, the post‐incubations demonstrate that growth inhibition was irreversible for HT29 and Hela cell lines contrary to MCF7 and A549. The main effects of L‐OHP are G2/M cell cycle arrest and transient S phase delay. Taken together, L‐OHP treatment results on HT29, MCF7 and Hela, are in favor of lengthening the infusion duration to patients during further clinical trials.
In vivo effects of amtolmetin guacyl on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence systems. Comparison with non‐selective and COX‐2 selective NSAIDs
Authors: Kirkova M. , Alexandova A. , Kesiova M. , Todorov S. 
Published: March 2007

Summary 1 The in vivo effects of the non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) amtolmetin guacyl, a pro‐drug of the NSAID tolmetin, on lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in rat gastric mucosa, colon mucosa and liver, were compared with the effects of non‐selective (indomethacin, diclofenac) and COX‐2 selective (celecoxib) NSAIDs. 2 Indomethacin treatment led to an increase in lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activities and to a decrease in catalase activity and glutathione levels in gastric mucosa. In contrast, amtolmetin guacyl treatment was without effects in gastric and colon mucosa, or liver from control animals. Like amtolmetin guacyl, celecoxib had no effect on the lipid peroxidation, or on enzyme and non‐enzyme antioxidant defence systems in gastric mucosa. 3 It is suggested that the lack of pro‐oxidant effects in vivo associated with amtolmetin guacyl treatment contribute improved gastric tolerability.
TiO2nanoparticle trails in garnet: implications of inclusion pressure‐induced microcracks and spontaneous metamorphic‐reaction healing during exhumation
Authors: HWANG S. L. , SHEN P. , YUI T. F. , CHU H. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new mechanism of cleaving‐healing of garnet in metamorphic rocks during exhumation is reported. Almandine garnet with submicron multiple‐phase inclusions characteristic of the GRAIL reaction, garnet + rutile = kyanite + ilmenite + low‐quartz, was found by analytical electron microscopy to have non‐epitaxial rutile nanoparticles distributed along internal {110} microcrack trails at the acute corner of submicron multiple‐phase inclusions defined by the intersecting (110) and (011) mould surfaces. Such garnet microcracks were formed during lithostatic decompression due to a relatively high compressibility of quartz in the inclusion pockets and stress concentration at the acute corner. Spontaneous healing with accompanied formation of non‐epitaxial rutile nanoparticles was activated predominantly via the GRAIL reaction due to high surface tension at the tip of microcracks and, to a lesser extent, decreasing lithostatic pressure or increasing inclusion pressure upon exhumation. This new mechanism of microcracking and healing involves stress build up, fracture propagation, mineral reaction, transport of elements to the reaction site and lowering of reaction boundaries by capillarity effect, all under the influence of thermodynamic and kinetic factors at the submicron‐scale. Thus, TiO2nanoparticle trails in garnet provide additional information on theP–Tpath and may shed light on exhumation rates/mechanisms and metamorphic reactions/processes. Careful scrutiny of host minerals on the submicron scale is required to tell whether there are other metamorphic‐reaction facilitated healing processes being overlooked by inappropriate techniques or being obliterated by the predominant healing processes of fluid infiltration and resorption zoning.
Worldwide water standards for hemodialysis
Authors: WARD Richard A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractContaminants commonly found in tap water are toxic to hemodialysis patients. To prevent patient injury from these contaminants, standards for the quality of water used to prepare dialysate have been developed. These standards are in general agreement concerning maximum allowable levels of inorganic chemical contaminants known to have adverse consequences for dialysis patients. There is less agreement about inorganic chemical contaminants that may be toxic, and most standards omit any requirements for organic chemical contaminants. There are considerable differences between standards regarding the maximum allowable levels of microbiological contaminants, as well as the methods to be used for measuring them. Harmonization of existing standards may improve patient protection by promoting demonstrated best practices. Harmonization will require innovation and compromise to produce a standard that is widely applicable, provides patients with the necessary safeguards, and whose requirements can be routinely achieved within the constraints imposed by local reimbursement practices.
Oxidative stress complex syndrome: The dark side of the malnutrition‐inflammation complex syndrome
Authors: MORENA Marion , CANAUD Bernard , TERRIER Nathalie , CANAUD Ludovic , CRISTOL Jean‐Paul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPatients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) have a high prevalence of protein‐energy malnutrition and inflammation. As these 2 conditions often occur concomitantly in HD patients, they have been referred to together as the ‘malnutrition‐inflammation complex syndrome’ (MICS) or ‘malnutrition‐inflammation atherosclerosis’ (MIA) syndrome to emphasize its important association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress, which results from an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidant defense mechanisms, is well established in HD subjects and could contribute to the poor clinical outcome of these patients. The aim of the present review is to discuss in more detail the common consequences of MICS and oxidative stress and their possible relationships with the long‐term complications of HD patients, leading to the conclusion that a complex syndrome similar to the MICS or MIA is the oxidative stress‐inflammation association, which may be called the “oxidative stress complex syndrome.”
Guilty or Innocent? Women's Reliance on Inadmissible Evidence in a Simulated Rape Case
Authors: Isbell Linda M. , Tyler James M. , DeLorenzo Allyson 
Published: March 2007

This study investigated the extent to which women disregard inadmissible evidence in a simulated rape case as a function of when they receive a judge's global legal instructions concerning presumption of innocence, burden of proof, reasonable doubt, and inadmissible evidence. We hypothesized that participants would be more likely to disregard incriminating inadmissible evidence when the instructions were given before rather than after the trial. Participants listened to audiotaped excerpts from a rape trial. They were given pretrial, predeliberation, or both sets of instructions; and received admissible or inadmissible avidence or no prior rape testimony, after which they made judgments. The results supported hypothesis that pretrial instructions are more effective than predeliberation instructions in allowing participants to disregard inadmissible evidence.One cannot unring a bell; after the thrust of a saber, it is difficult to say forget the wound; and finally, if you throw a skunk into the jury box, you can't instruct the jury not to smell it (Dunn v. United States, 1962, p. 886).
A discontinuous Late Cenozoic vegetation record from a maar crater in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Horrocks M. , Nichol S. L. , Mildenhall D. C. , Lawlor I. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract:  Presented here are results of analyses of sediments from a maar crater at Matukutureia, south Auckland. The record is discontinuous, reflecting formation of peat on the tuff surface after the eruption. The tuff section of the profile (3–7 million years old) has pollen of numerous extinct taxa and suggests broad‐leaf beech (Brassospora) forest with Casuarina and Agathis, and warm temperate conditions. A date of 15 051 ± 80 14C yr BP from the base of the overlying peat provides a minimum date for the eruption of McLauchlins Hill volcano. We cannot determine the timing of early Polynesian activities.
Strain-Dependent Variation inMycobacterium bovisBCG-Induced Human T-Cell Activation and Gamma Interferon Production In Vitro
Authors: Aguirre-Blanco Ana M. , Lukey Pauline T. , Cliff Jacqueline M. , Dockrell Hazel M. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThree commonly usedMycobacterium bovisBCG vaccine strains elicited different magnitudes of T-cell activation and gamma interferon production in vitro in healthy BCG-vaccinated individuals. Glaxo 1077 exhibited the greatest stimulatory capacity, followed by Pasteur 1173 and then Danish 1331. These differences may affect in vitro stimulation and vaccination-induced immunogenicity.
Pathogenic Implication of a Fibrinogen-Binding Protein of
Staphylococcus epidermidis
in a Rat Model of Intravascular-Catheter-Associated Infection
Authors: Guo Beining , Zhao Xu , Shi Yaoguo , Zhu Demei , Zhang Yingyuan 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT

The involvement of Fbe, a fibrinogen-binding protein of
Staphylococcus epidermidis
, in the pathogenesis of catheter-associated infection was investigated. An
fbe
(gene encoding Fbe protein) mutant was constructed by allelic replacement, wherein an erythromycin resistance gene replaced a portion of the A region of
fbe
. Meanwhile, a rat central venous catheter (CVC) infection model was established to assess the importance of Fbe in the pathogenesis of CVC-associated infection due to
S. epidermidis
. Fbe-positive
S. epidermidis
strain HB was significantly more likely to cause a CVC-associated infection resulting in bacteremia and metastatic disease than its isogenic Fbe-deficient mutant (100% versus 20%,
P
< 0.01). These results confirm the importance of adherence associated with Fbe in the pathogenesis of CVC-associated infection caused by
S. epidermidis
.
Risk factors for hand-wrist disorders in repetitive work
Authors: Thomsen J F , Mikkelsen S , Andersen J H , Fallentin N , Loft I P , Frost P , Kaergaard A , Bonde J P , Overgaard E 
Published: March 2007

Objectives:To identify the risk of hand-wrist disorders related to repetitive movements, use of hand force and wrist position in repetitive monotonous work.Methods:Using questionnaires and physical examinations, the prevalence and incidence of hand-wrist pain and possible extensor tendonitis (wrist pain and palpation tenderness) were determined in 3123 employees in 19 industrial settings. With the use of questionnaires and video recordings of homogenous work tasks number of wrist movements, hand force requirements and wrist position were analysed as risk factors for hand-wrist disorders, controlling for potential personal and psychosocial confounders. All participants were re-examined three times during a follow-up period of three years.Results:Force but not repetition and position was related to hand-wrist pain and possible tendonitis in the baseline analyses showing an exposure-response pattern. Odds ratios for the risk of hand pain was 1.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.2) and for possible tendonitis 1.9 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.3). There was no significant interaction between the ergonomic factors. In the follow-up analyses force remained a risk factor for hand pain (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8) and for possible tendonitis (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.8). Repetition was also a risk factor for the onset of hand-wrist pain (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.3).Conclusions:Increasing levels of force were associated with prevalent and incident hand-wrist pain and possible extensor tendonitis. The results for repetition were less consistent. Working with the hand in a non-neutral position could not be identified as a risk factor.
Validity of questionnaire self-reports on computer, mouse and keyboard usage during a four-week period
Authors: Mikkelsen Sigurd , Vilstrup Imogen , Lassen Christina Funch , Kryger Ann Isabel , Thomsen Jane Frølund , Andersen Johan Hviid 
Published: March 2007

Objective:To examine the validity and potential biases in self-reports of computer, mouse and keyboard usage times, compared with objective recordings.Methods:A study population of 1211 people was asked in a questionnaire to estimate the average time they had worked with computer, mouse and keyboard during the past four working weeks. During the same period, a software program recorded these activities objectively. The study was part of a one-year follow-up study from 2000–1 of musculoskeletal outcomes among Danish computer workers.Results:Self-reports on computer, mouse and keyboard usage times were positively associated with objectively measured activity, but the validity was low. Self-reports explained only between a quarter and a third of the variance of objectively measured activity, and were even lower for one measure (keyboard time). Self-reports overestimated usage times. Overestimation was large at low levels and declined with increasing levels of objectively measured activity. Mouse usage time proportion was an exception with a near 1:1 relation. Variability in objectively measured activity, arm pain, gender and age influenced self-reports in a systematic way, but the effects were modest and sometimes in different directions.Conclusion:Self-reported durations of computer activities are positively associated with objective measures but they are quite inaccurate. Studies using self-reports to establish relations between computer work times and musculoskeletal pain could be biased and lead to falsely increased or decreased risk estimates.
Outcomes of Combined Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff and Labral Repair
Authors: Voos James E. , Pearle Andrew D. , Mattern Christopher J. , Cordasco Frank A. , Allen Answorth A. , Warren Russell F. 
Published: March 2007

Background Rotator cuff tears, Bankart lesions, and superior labral anterior posterior lesions commonly occur in isolation, but there is a subgroup of patients who experience combined injuries. Prior studies have excluded such patients as confounding groups. Hypothesis In patients with combined lesions of the labrum and rotator cuff, arthroscopic repair of both lesions will restore range of motion and stability and provide good clinical results. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of a series of patients with combined rotator cuff and labral (Bankart or superior labral anterior posterior) lesions treated arthroscopically. Results Thirty patients (average age, 47.8 years) with combined rotator cuff and labral lesions were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 2.7 years (range, 24-54 months). Sixteen patients had Bankart lesions and 14 patients had SLAP lesions. Significant improvements in forward flexion (20.5°, P = .005), external rotation (9.0°, P = .008), and internal rotation (2 vertebral levels, P = .016) were observed. The mean L'Insalata and American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores for all patients were 92.9 and 94.3, respectively. Twenty-seven (90%) patients reported satisfaction as good to excellent, and 23 of 30 (77%) returned to their preinjury level of athletics. Two patients suffered recurrent rotator cuff tears. Conclusion In patients with rotator cuff and labral lesions, arthroscopic treatment of both lesions yields good clinical outcomes, restoration of motion, and a high degree of patient satisfaction.
One-Year Follow-up Study on Golf Injuries in Australian Amateur Golfers
Authors: McHardy Andrew , Pollard Henry , Luo Kehui 
Published: March 2007

Background Considering its popularity, little epidemiologic literature exists on golf injuries. Hypothesis The low back is the most common injury location for golf-related injury. Most golf injuries occur as a result of the golf swing, and occur mostly at impact. The variables age, handicap, practice habits, and warm-up habits are associated with injury. Methods A prospective survey over 1 year was used to study golf injuries among 588 golfers at 8 Australian golf clubs. Information collected included golfers’ injuries sustained during the year, location of injury, onset, mechanism of injury, and whether injury occurred during the golf swing or at another time. Additional information was sought on the type of treatment received after injury. Logistic regression was used to examine the epidemiologic patterns of golf-related injury and any possible risk factors for the injury. Results The overall 1-year incidence rate of golf injury was 15.8 injuries per 100 golfers, which equates to a range of 0.36 to 0.60 injuries/1000 hours/person. Recurrent injuries were most common, while injuries were more likely to occur over time as opposed to an acute onset. The lower back was the most common injury site (18.3%), closely followed by the elbow/forearm (17.2%), foot/ankle (12.9%), and shoulder/upper arm (11.8%). A total of 46.2% of all injuries were reportedly sustained during the golf swing, and injury was most likely to occur at the point of ball impact (23.7%), followed by the follow-through (21.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the amount of game play (odds ratio [OR] = 3.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-10.75) and the last time clubs were changed (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.12-0.86) were significantly associated with the risk of golf injury (P < .05). Other factors such as age, gender, handicap, practice habits, and warm-up habits were not significantly associated with golf injury. Conclusions Nearly 16% of Australian amateur golfers may expect to sustain a golf-related injury per year. The injuries in golf are most likely sustained in the lower back region as a result of the golf swing. Based on statistical analysis, only game play and a changing of clubs seem to be significantly associated with risk of injury after adjusting for other risk factors (P < .05). Other factors such as age, gender, handicap, practice habits, and warm-up habits were not significant.