bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of declarative memory
Authors: Manns Joseph R. , Eichenbaum Howard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe present review considers research on the hippocampus and related areas from humans and experimental animals and makes three main points. First, many of the anatomical details of the hippocampus and adjacent cortical areas in the parahippocampal region are conserved across mammals. Second, the functional role of these areas in declarative memory is also conserved across species. Third, an evolutionary approach will be key to understanding exactly how the local circuitry of the hippocampus and parahippocampal region supports declarative memory. To highlight the utility of this approach, a schematic model is described in which separate streams of spatial and nonspatial information converge on the hippocampus. By this view, a fundamental function of the mammalian hippocampus is to combine incoming information about spatial context from the postrhinal (parahippocampal in primates) cortex and medial entorhinal area with incoming information about nonspatial items from the perirhinal cortex and lateral entorhinal area. The underlying neurobiological computations that arise from local circuitry enable item‐in‐context memory and are proposed to be fundamental to many examples of declarative memory, including episodic memory in humans and spatial memory in experimental animals. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raf‐1 signaling is required for the later stages of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐induced differentiation of HL60 cells but is not mediated by the MEK/ERK module
Authors: Wang Xuening , Studzinski George P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe are interested in determining the signaling pathways for 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D)‐induced differentiation of HL60 leukemic cells. One possible candidate is Raf‐1, which is known to signal cell proliferation and neoplastic transformation through MEK, ERK, and downstream targets. It can also participate in the regulation of cell survival and various forms of cell differentiation, though the precise pathways are less well delineated. Here we report that Raf‐1 has a role in monocytic differentiation of human myeloid leukemia HL60, which is not mediated by MEK and ERK, but likely by direct interaction with p90RSK. Specifically, we show that Raf‐1 and p90RSK are increasingly activated in the later stages of differentiation of HL60 cells, at the same time as activation of MEK and ERK is decreasing. Transfection of a wild‐type Raf‐1 construct enhances 1,25D‐induced differentiation, while antisense Raf‐1 or short interfering (si) Raf‐1 reduces 1,25D‐induced differentiation. In contrast, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and siRNAs to MEK or ERK have no detectable effect on differentiation. In late stage differentiating cells Raf‐1 and p90RSK are found as a complex, and inhibition of Raf‐1, but not MEK or ERK expression reduces the levels of phosphorylated p90 RSK. These findings support the thesis that Raf‐1 signals cell proliferation and cell differentiation through different intermediary proteins. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 253–260, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional characterization of PKDREJ, a male germ cell‐restricted polycystin
Authors: Sutton Keith A. , Jungnickel Melissa K. , Ward Christopher J. , Harris Peter C. , Florman Harvey M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPolycystin‐1 regulates a number of cellular processes through the formation of complexes with the polycystin‐2 ion channel or with other signal transduction proteins. Polycystin‐1 is expressed in many tissues but other members of this gene family are distributed in a more restricted fashion. PKDREJ expression has been detected only in the mammalian testis, where it is restricted to the spermatogenic lineage and retained in mature sperm. However, the functional characteristics of this protein and its role in sperm biology are not well understood. In this study it is shown that PKDREJ can modulate G protein signaling and associates with several members of the polycystin‐2 family. These interactions, as well as polycystin‐2 association with TRPC channels, are consistent with a role of this protein in the regulation of the acrosome reaction and in other aspects of sperm physiology. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 493–500, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discrimination of teas based on total luminescence spectroscopy and pattern recognition
Authors: Nitin Seetohul L , Islam Meez , O'Hare William T , Ali Zulfiqur 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper reports on the application of total luminescence spectroscopy to discriminate between seven different types of tea: four bottled liquid Japanese teas (oolong, green, houji and black teas) and three leaf teas (Kenya, Assam and Ceylon teas). Total luminescence spectra were recorded by measuring the emission spectra in the range 300–700 nm at excitation wavelengths from 250 to 590 nm. Discrimination of teas based on their spectral data was performed by principal component analysis, a common chemometric method used for data reduction and visualisation. The results demonstrate the ability of fluorescence techniques to differentiate between green tea (unfermented), black tea (fermented) and oolong tea (partially fermented). Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel Michael Addition Networks Containing Poly(propylene glycol) Telechelic Oligomers
Authors: Mather Brian D. , Miller Kevin M. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: Poly(propylene glycol) oligomers with molecular weights ranging from 1 000 to 8 000 g · mol−1 were end‐functionalized with acetoacetate groups and subsequently crosslinked using carbon‐Michael addition with PEG diacrylate. Gel fraction analysis, DMA, TGA, tensile, and swelling measurements were utilized to characterize the networks. The thermomechanical properties of the networks were analyzed with respect to the molecular weight between crosslink points (Mc) and the critical molecular weight for entanglement (Me). Sampling experiments during crosslinking revealed the evolution of molecular weight with time and monomer conversion. Kinetic analyses of the Michael additions were performed using 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the influence of basic catalyst and concentration was elucidated.Synthesis of acetoacetate networks from acetoacetate‐functionalized PPG using DBU as a basic catalyst.magnified imageSynthesis of acetoacetate networks from acetoacetate‐functionalized PPG using DBU as a basic catalyst.
Chemical Structures Formed in Electron Beam Irradiated Poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (FEP)
Authors: Lappan Uwe , Geißler Uwe , Scheler Ulrich 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: The perfluorinated copolymer poly(tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) was electron beam irradiated under vacuum at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to a temperature above the melting temperature of FEP. Changes of the chemical structure were analyzed by 19F solid‐state NMR and IR spectroscopy. Trifluoromethyl end groups were generated as a result of main chain scission at all irradiation temperatures studied. In addition, trifluoromethyl side groups in various environments and double bond structures were formed. Quantitative analysis showed that long‐chain branches were formed at irradiation temperatures above 200 °C. Furthermore, the hexafluoropropylene (HFP) units in FEP were found to be less sensitive to radiation than the perfluoropropyl vinyl ether (PPVE) units in poly[tetrafluoroethylene‐co‐(perfluoropropyl vinyl ether)] (PFA).19F solid‐state NMR spectra of FEP.magnified image19F solid‐state NMR spectra of FEP.
Exercise‐induced cramp, myoglobinuria, and tubular aggregates in phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency
Authors: Oh Shin J. , Park Kyung‐Seok , Ryan Hewitt F. , Danon Moris J. , Lu Jiesheng , Naini Ali B. , DiMauro Salvatore 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe report two patients in whom phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM) deficiency was associated with the triad of exercise‐induced cramps, recurrent myoglobinuria, and tubular aggregates in the muscle biopsy. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were elevated between attacks of myoglobinuria. Forearm ischemic exercise tests produced subnormal increases of venous lactate. Muscle biopsies showed subsarcolemmal tubular aggregates in type 2 fibers. Muscle PGAM activities were markedly decreased (3% of the normal mean) and molecular genetic studies showed that both patients were homozygous for a described missense mutation (W78X). A review of 15 cases with tubular aggregates in the muscle biopsies from our laboratory and 15 cases with PGAM deficiency described in the literature showed that this clinicopathological triad is highly suggestive of PGAM deficiency. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Estimation of average backorders for an assemble‐to‐order system with random batch demands through extreme statistics
Authors: Lu Yingdong 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe investigate inventory management for a large‐scale multi‐product, multi‐component Assemble‐to‐Order system with general random batch demands. Results from extreme statistics theory are applied in developing approximation schemes for a widely used performance measure, customer backorders. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
An enhanced multi‐scale approach for masonry wall computations with localization of damage
Authors: Massart T. J. , Peerlings R. H. J. , Geers M. G. D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis contribution presents a multi‐scale framework for the computational study of masonry structures. In order to overcome the need for excessively complex closed‐form constitutive equations, a first‐order computational homogenization framework is applied to infer the non‐linear material behaviour of brick masonry in the presence of quasi‐brittle damage. A localization analysis is carried out based on the macroscopic homogenized tangent stiffness. It is shown that localization is detected along preferential orientations, which are consistent with the underlying mesostructural failure patterns and with the applied loading. The macroscopic description is enhanced with a finite width damage band model in order to allow the treatment of macroscopic localization resulting from damage growth in the constituents. As a result of the use of homogenization techniques on finite volumes and the presence of quasi‐brittle constituents, mesostructural snap‐back may occur in the homogenized material response. A methodology to introduce this type of response in the multi‐scale technique is proposed. The numerical implementation of the multi‐scale solution scheme using a finite element method is outlined. The results obtained by the framework are illustrated by means of elementary examples, and by an example of a structural wall computation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A boundary cohesive grain element formulation for modelling intergranular microfracture in polycrystalline brittle materials
Authors: Sfantos G. K. , Aliabadi M. H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a cohesive grain boundary integral formulation is proposed, for simulating intergranular microfracture evolution in polycrystalline brittle materials. Artificially generated polycrystalline microstructures are discretized using the proposed anisotropic boundary element method, considering the random location, morphology and material orientation of each grain. Each grain is assumed as a single crystal with general elastic orthotropic mechanical behaviour. Crack initiation and propagation along the grain boundaries interfaces are modelled using a linear cohesive law, considering mixed mode failure conditions. Furthermore, a non‐linear frictional contact analysis is performed over cracked grain interfaces to encounter cases where crack surfaces come into contact, slide or separate. The effect of randomly located pre‐existing flaws on the overall behaviour and microcracking evolution of a polycrystalline material is also investigated for different Weibull moduli. The stochastic effects of each grain morphology‐orientation, internal friction and randomly distributed pre‐existing flaws, under different loading conditions, are studied probabilistically by simulating various randomly generated microstructures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FEM and BEM coupling in elastostatics using localized Lagrange multipliers
Authors: González José A. , Park K. C. , Felippa Carlos A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe equations produced by the finite and boundary element methods in structural mechanics are expressed in different variables and cannot be linked without modifications. Conventional coupling methods of these numerical techniques have traditionally been based on the use of classical Lagrange multipliers making a direct connection of the two solids through their common interfaces using matching meshes and altering the formulation of one of the methods to make it compatible with the other. In this work, a discrete surface called frame is interposed between the connected subdomains to approximate their common interface displacements, it is treated using a finite element discretization and connected to each substructure using localized Lagrange multipliers collocated at the interface nodes. This methodology facilitates the connection of non‐matching finite and boundary element meshes avoiding modifications to the numerical methods used and providing a partitioned formulation, which preserves software modularity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate political action in China and America: a comparative perspective
Authors: Gao Yongqiang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCorporate political action (CPA) is always an interesting topic for management scholars since 1980s. There are a large plenty of literatures from different disciplines focus on this topic. But till now, studies on this topic are almost conducted under the Western culture and taking the Western countries as objective, very few studies are conducted in non‐Western countries, and specifically, the CPA in China is nearly untouched. Due to the differences of culture and political economy between China and the West, CPA in China may be very different from the West's. This article discusses the similarities and differences of CPA in China and America. The result shows that due to the differences in culture and political economical system between China and America, CPA in China is very different from America. This study will help to understand the CPA in China for outsiders, especially for Americans. It also helps multinational enterprises (MNEs) in China to take suitable political actions to support their interests.Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of novel biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone)/ poly(ethylene glycol)‐based polyurethane elastomers
Authors: Yeganeh Hamid , Jamshidi Hajar , Jamshidi Sadegh 
Published: August 2006

AbstractElastomeric polyurethanes with tunable biodegradation properties and suitable for numerous biomedical applications were synthesized via reaction of epoxy‐terminated polyurethanes (EUPs) with 1,6‐hexamethylenediamine as curing agent. The EUPs themselves were prepared from glycidol and isocyanate‐terminated polyurethanes made from poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate. All the polymers were characterized by conventional methods, and their physical, mechanical, thermal, and degradation properties were studied. The results showed that the degradation rate and mechanical properties of the final products can be controlled by the amount of PEG or PCL present in the EUP. Increasing the PEG content causes an increase of hydrolytic degradation rate, and increasing the PCL content improves the mechanical properties of the final products. Evaluation of cytotoxcicity showed nontoxic behavior of the prepared samples, but the cytocompatibility of these polymers needs to be improved. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Prospects of ultracold Rydberg gases for quantum information processing
Authors: Reetz‐Lamour M. , Amthor T. , Deiglmayr J. , Westermann S. , Singer K. , de Oliveira A.L. , Marcassa L.G. , Weidemüller M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe present our experiments on the applicability of ultracold Rydberg gases for quantum information processing. As quantum computing relies on entanglement mediated through interparticle interactions, we have experimentally implemented three approaches to induce ultralong‐range interactions between Rydberg atoms: van‐der‐Waals interactions, interactions of permanent dipoles induced by an electric field, and resonant dipole‐dipole interactions (Förster resonances). Advantages and limitations of the approaches are discussed.
Evaluation of the bioavailability of the herbicide prosulfocarb through adsorption on soils and model soil colloids, and through a simple bioassay
Authors: Nègre Michèle , Passarella Iride , Boursier Carlotta , Mozzetti Chiara , Gennari Mara 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAdsorption isotherms of prosulfocarb were determined on soils with different physicochemical properties. The extent of adsorption increased with the organic carbon content, but the results also suggested the involvement of some inorganic soil surfaces. In order better to understand the role of each soil surface, adsorption–desorption isotherms were determined on model soil colloids consisting of a soil humic acid, a montmorillonite, a synthetic aluminium hydroxide and their associations. The highest adsorption was observed on the humic acid, but it was also confirmed that the montmorillonite interacted with prosulfocarb. In contrast, the aluminium hydroxide was not active and its association with montmorillonite provoked a decrease in adsorption compared with montmorillonite alone. Except for humic acid, the highest adsorption took place on the ternary association montmorillonite–aluminium hydroxide–humic acid. On each surface tested, the adsorption was largely reversible and decreased at increasing pH. The herbicidal activity of prosulfocarb was tested by the determination of the germination and growth of a typical weed, Lolium multiflorum Lam, in contact with prosulfocarb solutions at different concentrations. The herbicide did not prevent the germination of the seeds but inhibited the growth of the roots and leaves. The same test was performed in the presence of the ternary system to evaluate the influence of adsorption on the plant bioavailability. It was concluded that the presence of an adsorptive surface reduced the herbicidal activity and that the simple bioassay proposed could be useful in predicting the extent of adsorption in a given soil. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical study of one‐electron bonds in a series of high‐spin lithium–beryllium–hydrogen clusters: “Valence shell single‐electron repulsion” rule and electron localization function analysis
Authors: Chaquin Patrick , Chevreau Hilaire 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA series of high‐spin clusters containing Li, H, and Be in which the valence shell molecular orbitals (MOs) are occupied by a single electron has been characterized using ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A first type (5Li2, n+1LiHn+ (n = 2–5), 8Li2H) possesses only one electron pair in the lowest MO, with bond energies of ∼3 kcal/mol. In a second type, all the MOs are singly occupied, which results in highly excited species that nevertheless constitute a marked minimum on their potential energy surface (PES). Thus, it is possible to design a larger panel of structures (8LiBe, 7Li2, 8Li, 4LiH+, 6BeH, n+3LiH (n = 3, 4), n+2LiH (n = 4–6), 8Li2H, 9Li2H, 22Li3Be3 and 22Li6H), single‐electron equivalent to doublet “classical” molecules ranging from CO to C6H6. The geometrical structure is studied in relation to the valence shell single‐electron repulsion (VSEPR) theory and the electron localization function (ELF) is analyzed, revealing a striking similarity with the corresponding structure having paired electrons. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Quantum statistics of charged particles and fingerprints of wigner crystallization in D dimensions
Authors: March N. H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAfter a brief summary of the physical arguments underlying Wigner's original concept in 1934 of a quantal electron crystal, theoretical interpretation of a number of experimental findings are presented. These include (i) low‐density carriers in semiconductors in applied magnetic fields in both three, and recently two, dimensions; and (ii) low‐temperature phase diagram of underdoped high Tc cuprates; fullerides with relatively low Tc are also referred to in a related context. Interpretation of areas (i) and (ii) focuses on the relevance of both Fermi–Dirac and anyonic (fractional) statistics, the latter in relation to the proposed melting curve of the two‐dimensional (2D) magnetically induced Wigner solid into the Laughlin liquid phase, which is the seat of the fractional quantum Hall effect. A brief discussion follows of crystalline phases additional to the Wigner solid, namely Skyrmion and Hall crystals. Bose–Einstein statistics is then referred to, but now in relation to finite‐size confined quantal assemblies, with fingerprints of Wigner molecules the focus. Finally, quasi‐1D lattices are considered, both in Bechgaard salts and in the very recent single‐electron counting experiment of Bylander et al. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Product line strategies of new entrants in an established industry: evidence from the U.S. bicycle industry
Authors: Dowell Glen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA firm's product line breadth in a given market has both benefits and costs; these effects can be more clearly seen by examining not only the number of products a firm offers, but also the degree of complexity that the product line represents. The effects of breadth are particularly important for new entrants in a relatively mature industry and I examine the breadth–survival relation on new entrants in the bicycle industry in the period 1993–98. I find that firms offering a greater number of products, those with very simple and very complex product lines, and those whose product lines have a moderate degree of overlap with rivals have the highest survival rates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct and interaction effects of top management team and board compositions on R&D investment strategy
Authors: Kor Yasemin Y. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper examines why firms differ in levels of R&D investment intensity by developing and testing a theory of direct and interaction effects of top management team and board outsider composition on R&D intensity. The theory is tested in a longitudinal sample of technology‐intensive firms that completed an initial public offering. The results indicate that both top management team composition and board composition have direct and additive effects on R&D investment intensity. Also, monitoring by outsider directors does not constitute a universally effective governance mechanism with regard to a firm's R&D investment strategy. Firms opt for lower levels of R&D investment intensity when their outsider‐rich board interacts with a team of managers who have high levels of (1) firm tenure, (2) shared team‐specific experience, or (3) functional heterogeneity. When a firm's competitiveness relies on sustained R&D investments, it is important to note these interaction effects and make adjustments to promote a healthy dialogue between managers and the board. Adjustments could be made to the management team composition (e.g., initiating management turnover to reduce firm tenure) or to the bundle of governance mechanisms (e.g., partially substituting board monitoring with other mechanisms). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.