bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Na+/Ca2+‐exchanger‐mediated Mn2+‐enhanced 1H2O MRI in hypoxic, perfused rat myocardium
Authors: Medina Daniel C. , Kirkland Dawn M. , Tavazoie Masoud F. , Springer Charles S. , Anderson Steven E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractParamagnetic Mn2+ has emerged in the search for non‐invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to monitor Ca2+ in diagnostic and prognostic cardiovascular disease tests because it both alters MRI contrast and behaves as a Ca2+ ‘surrogate’ in vivo. However, the reliance on macroscopically averaged measurements to infer microscopic processes constitutes a major limitation of MRI. This investigation circumvents this limitation and contributes an MRI‐based myocardial Ca2+‐transporter assay, which probes the Na+/Ca2+‐exchanger involvement in Mn2+ (and presumably Ca2+) transport by virtue of its response to pharmacological inhibition. In the model employed herein, ex vivo arrested rat hearts underwent normoxia and then hypoxia while a constant (hyperkalemic) perfusion minimized flow (and uncontrolled Ca2+‐channel) contributions to Mn2+‐enhanced MRI measurements. The results (i) demonstrate that Mn2+ (and presumably Ca2+) accumulates via Na+/Ca2+‐exchanger‐mediated transport during hyperkalemic hypoxia and further, (ii) implicate hypo‐perfusion (rather than the diminished participation of an isolated sarcolemmal Ca2+‐transporter) as the mechanism that underlies the reported reductions of Mn2+ accumulation (relative to healthy myocardium) subsequent to myocardial insults in MRI studies. Although myriad studies have employed Mn2+‐enhanced MRI in myocardial investigations, this appears to be the first attempt to assay the Na+/Ca2+‐exchanger with MRI under highly circumscribed conditions. MRI‐based Ca2+‐transporter assays, such as the Na+/Ca2+‐exchanger assay utilized here, will inevitably impact disciplines in the medical sciences and beyond. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and applications of coupled SPE‐CE
Authors: Tempels F. W. Alexander , Underberg Willy J. M. , Somsen Govert W. , de Jong Gerhardus J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCE suffers from an inherent low concentration sensitivity. Analyte detection limits can be improved by combining CE with SPE. This paper presents an overview of coupled SPE‐CE systems that have been reported in literature. Attention is paid to fundamental aspects of coupling SPE and CE, as well as to important SPE requirements. Interfaces for inline and online coupling with CE are critically discussed, and their mode of operation is outlined. Advantages and limitations of the interfaces are discussed and typical examples are selected. Finally, some future developments are discussed.
Capillary electrophoresis of proteins 2005–2007
Authors: Dolník Vladislav 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis review article with 239 references describes recent developments in capillary electrophoresis of proteins, and covers the two years since the previous review (V. Dolník, Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 126–141) through spring 2007. It includes topics related to CE of proteins, such as sample pretreatment, wall coatings, improving separation, various forms of detection, and special electrophoretic techniques including ACE, CIEF, capillary ITP, and CEC. The paper describes applications of CE to analysis of proteins in real‐world samples including human body fluids, food and agricultural samples, protein pharmaceuticals and recombinant protein preparations.
Partner‐matching for the automated identification of reproducible ICA components from fMRI datasets: Algorithm and validation
Authors: Wang Zhishun , Peterson Bradley S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is complicated by the presence of a mixture of many sources of signal and noise. Independent component analysis (ICA) can separate these mixtures into independent components, each of which contains maximal information from a single, independent source of signal, whether from noise or from a discrete physiological or neural system. ICA typically generates a large number of components for each subject imaged, however, and therefore it generates a vast number of components across all of the subjects imaged in an fMRI dataset. The practical implementation of ICA has been limited by the difficulty in discerning which of these many components are spurious and which are reproducible, either within or across individuals of the dataset. We have developed a novel clustering algorithm, termed “Partner‐Matching” (PM), which identifies automatically the independent components that are reproducible either within or between subjects. It identifies those components by clustering them according to robust measures of similarity in their spatial configurations either across different subjects of an fMRI dataset, within a single subject scanned across multiple scanning sessions, or within an individual subject scanned across multiple runs within a single scanning session. We demonstrate the face validity of our algorithm by applying it to the analysis of three fMRI datasets acquired in 13 healthy adults performing simple auditory, motor, and visual tasks. From among 50 independent components generated for each subject, our PM algorithm automatically identified, across all 13 subjects, components representing activity within auditory, motor, and visual cortices, respectively, as well as numerous other reproducible components outside of primary sensory and motor cortices, in functionally connected circuits that subserve higher‐order cognitive functions, even in these simple tasks. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is HRD research making a difference in practice?
Authors: Keefer Jeffrey , Yap Robin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis editorial discusses the meaning of “making a difference” and the opportunities it presents for the various types of “practices” that is valued by scholar‐practitioners. HRD research that provides an important link in the application of theory and research to HRD practice is imperative for the furtherance of the work of scholar‐practitioners.
Gene expression abnormalities in histologically normal breast epithelium of breast cancer patients
Authors: Tripathi Anusri , King Chialin , de la Morenas Antonio , Perry Victoria Kristina , Burke Bohdana , Antoine Gregory A. , Hirsch Erwin F. , Kavanah Maureen , Mendez Jane , Stone Michael , Gerry Norman P. , Lenburg Marc E. , Rosenberg Carol L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNormal‐appearing epithelium of cancer patients can harbor occult genetic abnormalities. Data comprehensively comparing gene expression between histologically normal breast epithelium of breast cancer patients and cancer‐free controls are limited. The present study compares global gene expression between these groups. We performed microarrays using RNA from microdissected histologically normal terminal ductal‐lobular units (TDLU) from 2 groups: (i) cancer normal (CN) (TDLUs adjacent to untreated ER+ breast cancers (n = 14)) and (ii) reduction mammoplasty (RM) (TDLUs of age‐matched women without breast disease (n = 15)). Cyber‐T identified differentially expressed genes. Quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and comparison to independent microarray data including 6 carcinomas in situ (CIS), validated the results. Gene ontology (GO), UniProt and published literature evaluated gene function. About 127 probesets, corresponding to 105 genes, were differentially expressed between CN and RM (p < 0.0009, corresponding to FDR <0.10). 104/127 (82%) probesets were also differentially expressed between CIS and RM, nearly always (102/104 (98%)) in the same direction as in CN vs. RM. Two‐thirds of the 105 genes were implicated previously in carcinogenesis. Overrepresented functional groups included transcription, G‐protein coupled and chemokine receptor activity, the MAPK cascade and immediate early genes. Most genes in these categories were under‐expressed in CN vs. RM. We conclude that global gene expression abnormalities exist in normal epithelium of breast cancer patients and are also present in early cancers. Thus, cancer‐related pathways may be perturbed in normal epithelium. These abnormalities could be markers of disease risk, occult disease, or the tissue's response to an existing tumor. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature‐dependent vibrational studies of [N(C2H5)4]2MnCl4
Authors: Mączka M. , Ciżman A. , Poprawski R. , Hanuza J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRoom‐temperature polarized Raman spectra of a single crystal and IR spectra of a polycrystalline sample were measured for [N(C2H5)4]2MnCl4 and the assignment of the observed bands to the respective modes has been proposed. Temperature‐dependent Raman and far‐IR studies were also performed for the polycrystalline sample in order to obtain information on changes occurring in this material as a result of phase transitions at T1 = 227 K and at T2 = 199 K. These studies revealed that the higher‐temperature ferroelastic phase transition is associated with significant modification of vibrational properties due to ordering of tetraethylammonium groups. The lower‐temperature phase transition does not lead to any clear changes in the spectra. However, our results suggest that disorder of MnCl42− ions decreases with decreasing temperature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of an activated mammalian target of rapamycin in adenocarcinoma of the cervix: A potential biomarker and molecular target therapy
Authors: Faried Leri S. , Faried Ahmad , Kanuma Tatsuya , Aoki Hiroshi , Sano Takaaki , Nakazato Tomoko , Tamura Tomohiro , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Minegishi Takashi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlterations of the Akt/mTOR pathway have been observed in numerous types of cancer, thus this pathway represents an exciting new target for molecular therapeutics. We investigated the expression of activated Akt (p‐Akt) and mTOR (p‐mTOR) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the cervix and the involvement of the p‐Akt/p‐mTOR pathway in response to combination of inhibitor agents, rapamycin and LY294002, with conventional therapy, cisplatin, in vitro. Immunohistochemistry analysis of p‐Akt and p‐mTOR was conducted in 26 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expression involved in response to chemotherapy in cervical cancer cell lines. The results showed that p‐Akt and p‐mTOR were identified in 50% and 53.8% of adenocarcinoma of the cervix. The expression of p‐mTOR was a significant independent marker for prognosis. A significant correlation between p‐Akt and p‐mTOR was observed. There was no correlation between their expressions with any of clinicopathological factors. In the in vitro study, cisplatin at CPI50 targets both the apoptosis and survival pathway by activating the caspase‐cascade; inhibiting Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and 4EBP1. Combination of rapamycin with cisplatin induced synergistic interaction. On the other hand, combination with LY294002 resulted in either synergistic or antagonistic effect depending on the doses given. Rapamycin pretreatment potentiated cisplatin‐induced apoptosis cell death and enhanced blocking of the survival pathway. Overall, the expression of p‐mTOR is a significant prognostic marker of adenocarcinoma of the cervix and a potential molecular target for the treatment of cervical cancer. Inhibition of the mTOR pathway contributes to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Urease Inhibitory Activities of Three Novel Thiocyanato‐bridged Polynuclear Schiff Base Cadmium(II) Complexes
Authors: You Zhong‐Lu , Han Xiao , Zhang Guang‐Ning 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree novel thiocyanato‐bridged polynuclear cadmium(II) complexes, [Cd(HL1)(NCS)2(μ1,3‐NCS)]n (1), [CdL2(μ1,3‐NCS)2]n (2), and [CdL3(μ1,3‐NCS)2]n (3) (L1 = N‐methyl‐N′‐(1‐pyridin‐2‐ylmethylidene)ethane‐1,2‐diamine, L2 = 2‐(cyclopropyliminomethyl)‐6‐methoxyphenol, L3 = 2‐(cyclopentyliminomethyl)‐6‐methoxyphenol), have been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Each cadmium(II) atom in the complexes is in an octahedral coordination. The urease inhibitory activities of the complexes were evaluated. All of them showed potent inhibitions against jack bean urease.
Neue Sr‐Verbindungen mit planaren Al‐Si/Ge‐Anionen und eine Korrektur zu SrSi‐II und SrGe0.76
Authors: Eisenmann Brigitte , Rhode Michael , Wendorff Marco , Röhr Caroline 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNew Sr Compounds with Planar Al‐Si/Ge Anions and a Correction of SrSi‐II and SrGe0.76Planar anions with considerable pπ‐pπ interactions between heavier group 13 and 14 elements are observed in several alkaline earth trielides and tetrelides. In the intermetallics of the series SrAlxGe2−x (border phases: x = 1: $P{\bar 6}m\rm 2$, a = 429.4(3), c = 474.4(3) pm, Z = 1, R1 = 0.0305, SrPtSb type and x = 1.6: P6/mmm, a = 440.4(2), c = 478.2(2) pm, Z = 1, R1 = 0.0125, AlB2 type) graphite analogue planar Al/Ge nets with short Al‐Ge bonds are stacked in identical orientation, showing inter‐layer distances of approx. 475 pm. Starting from the related planar ribbons $^{1}_{\infty}{\rm [Al_{2/2}}M{\rm _{2}Al_{2/2}}]$ of condensed six‐membered rings in the known intermetallics ${\rm Sr_{3}Al_{2}}M{^{IV}_{2}}$ (MIV = Si, Ge) a series of new metal‐rich oxides with chain pieces consisting of three, two and finally only one six‐membered ring have been prepared and characterized on the basis of single crystal X‐ray data. The formal fragmentation of the ribbons is achieved by the incorporation of [OSr6] octahedra, chains of which (connected via common corners) exactly fit the distance between the planar anions. The structures of the two compounds ${\rm Sr_{10}[Al_{4}}M{^{IV}_{6}}][O]$ (MIV = Si, Ge; formerly erroneously reported as SrSi and SrGe0.76, space group Immm, a = 482.48(5)/484.55(8), b = 1306.5(2)/1342.2(2), c = 1814.0(2)/1857.4(3) pm, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0369/0.0316) contain isolated planar anions [M2Al2M2Al2M2]18− with only one six‐membered ring. In the monoclinic structures of the silicide Sr13[Al6Si8][O] (C2/m, a = 2245.1(4), b = 482.76(5), c = 1720.6(5) pm, β=125.21(2)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0579) and the germanide Sr16[Al8Ge10][O] (C2/m, a = 2287.23(14), b = 484.94(3), c = 2065.70(13) pm, β=120.150(4)°, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0730) anions [Si2Al2Si2Al2Si2Al2Si2] and [Ge2M2Ge2M2Ge2M2Ge2M2Ge2] with two and three six‐membered rings are left as fragments of the ribbons in Sr3Al2M2.The puzzling bonding situation in these type of polar intermetallics at the Zintl border is calculated (using the DFT FP‐LAPW approach) for the structures with manageably small unit cells and discussed for the series SrAlM – Sr3Al2M2 – Sr16[Al8M10][O] – Sr13[Al6M8][O] – Sr10[Al4M6][O].
Ionothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a Layered Propylene Diammonium Gallium Phosphate, (C3H12N2)6[Ga12P16O64] · 4.3 H2O
Authors: Lohmeier Sven‐Jare , Wiebcke Michael , Behrens Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new propylene‐1,3‐diammonium gallium phosphate of composition (C3H12N2)6[Ga12P16O64] · 4.3 H2O (LUH‐1) was obtained by ionothermal synthesis using a deep‐eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and tetrahydro‐2‐pyrimidione as reaction medium. The structure‐directing agent propylene‐1,3‐diammonium was generated in situ by the thermally induced decomposition of the amide component of the DES. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis revealed that LUH‐1 is built from macroanionic tetrahedral gallium phosphate layers and layers of interlamellar propylene‐1,3‐diammonium cations, with the latter exhibiting two‐fold disorder. The one‐dimensional 12‐membered ring channel system is occupied by highly disordered water molecules. As indicated by thermogravimetry and powder X‐ray diffraction the water molecules can be desorbed from LUH‐1 at ca. 100 °C with retention of the layered inorganic‐organic hybrid structure. Crystal data for LUH‐1: Trigonal system, space group $P{\bar 3}$ c1 (No. 165), Z = 1, a = 12.905(4), c = 18.317(8) Å, T = 297 K.
ENSLAVED MALAGASY AND ‘LE TRAVAIL DE LA PAROLE’ IN THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY MASCARENES
Authors: LARSON PIER M. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTMalagasy speakers probably formed the single largest native speech community among slaves dispersed into the western Indian Ocean between 1500 and 1900. In the eighteenth-century Mascarenes, Malagasy parlers (dialects) served as a contact language, understood both by persons born in Madagascar and by those with no direct ties to the island. Catholic missionaries working in Bourbon and Île de France frequently evangelized among sick and newly disembarked Malagasy slaves in their own tongues, employing servile interpreters and catechists from their ecclesiastical plantations as intermediaries in their ‘work of the word’. Evangelistic style was multilingual, in both French and Malagasy, and largely verbal, but was also informed by Malagasy vernacular manuscripts of Church doctrine set in Roman characters. The importance of Malagasy in the Mascarenes sets the linguistic environment of the islands off in distinctive ways from those of Atlantic slave societies and requires scholars to rethink the language and culture history of the western Indian Ocean islands, heretofore focused almost exclusively on studies of French and its creoles.
‘NOT A SINGLE WHITE PERSON SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO GO UNDER’: SWARTGEVAAR AND THE ORIGINS OF SOUTH AFRICA'S WELFARE STATE, 1924–1929
Authors: SEEKINGS JEREMY 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThe origins of South Africa's distinctive welfare state lay in the late 1920s, not in the 1930s as has generally been suggested, and long predated the quite different turn to social welfare in late colonial Africa. For the National Party and Labour Party – partners in the coalition Pact Government of 1924–9 – non-contributory old-age pensions were a crucial pillar in the ‘civilized labour’ policies designed to lift ‘poor whites’ out of poverty and re-establish a clear racial hierarchy. Welfare reform was thus, in significant part, a response to the swartgevaar or menace of black physical, occupational and social mobility. African political elites, although distracted by other reforms at the time, were quick thereafter to protest at their exclusion from the nascent welfare system.
Membranous tracheitis following endotracheal intubation
Authors: Harada Yasuo , Sugimoto Yoshiro , Sasaki Hisashi 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIn this study, four patients with membranous tracheitis following endotracheal intubation are presented. Possible causes for the development of the condition were mostly related to subglottic epithelial trauma caused by the pressure of the cuff of the tube for a long time on the mucosa and the drying effect of atropine. The literature concerning the development of membranous tracheitis in previous studies is also presented.
Hereditary deafness in chilldren: Diagnosis and a family report
Authors: Ibrahim Reda A. A. , Linthicum Fred H. 
Published: November 2007

Synopsis abstractA FAMILY with hereditary deafness is presented. The mother and ten of her children suffer sensorineural hearing loss. The maternal grandparents and four uncles and aunts were all hard of hearing. Clinical examination revealed no accompanying gross anomalies. In one child, Mondini deformity is the cause of deafness. In the rest of the family isolated membranous labyrinth deformity is suggested.The methods of early diagnosis are discussed, among which polytomography proved the most reliable for diagnosing Mondini and Michel deformities. We demonstrated how early fitting of hearing aids is essential for language acquisition and speech development.Clinical ability to differentiate between subtypes of inner ear hereditary deafness not accompanied by gross anomalies is limited. This problem and the problem arising from late diagnosis are illustrated by a report on a family of ten children, nine of whom suffer sensorineural hearing loss.
The changing concepts of tracheostomy
Authors: Mukherjee D. K. 
Published: November 2007

SummayAN analysis of 110 tracheostomies done over a period of 4½ years in a teaching hospital in a developing country is presented in this paper. It will be interesting to note that upper airway obstruction leading to tracheostomy no longer holds the supreme position it used to hold only a short while ago. The main indication for the operation in this study has been—TETANUS. It is surmised that—in the near future—HEAD INJURY is going to be the prime indication for this operation.
Otogenic tetanus: Case presentation
Authors: Blair R. L. , Hussarau D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTetanus resulting from ear injury is extremely rare. However, the otologist should be aware that it does occur. A case of otogenic tetanus recently treated by the authors is presented.In Western countries tetanus in now a rare disease because of extensive immunization programmes. Otogenic tetanus is extremely uncommon in North America, but occurs more frequently in tropical regions (De and De, 1970).Less than forty new cases of tetanus are seen in the Province of Ontario (population, 8·4 million) each year (Department of Statistics, Government of Ontario).It has been stated that the operative treatment of otogenic tetanus should include radical mastoidectomy (Black and Atkins, 1972). This is probably true in severe cases but milder cases do not require this form of therapy.Most children in Canada receive primary immunization with Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis vaccine (DTP) in the early years of life. However, especially in large urban centres, there is a large non-immunized or partially immunized immigrant population.Tetanus occurring in such an immigrant is described.
Granulomatous vasculitis—a clinical presentation
Authors: Mukherjee D. K. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA CASE of granulomatous vasculitis affecting vessels in the left temporal area of the skull, and also vessels in the right and left axillary areas, is described. Initially, the patient responded favourably to antibiotic therapy, raising the possibility of a microbiologic agent as the causative factor of this puzzling disorder. Finally she has responded very favourably to steroids, thereby indicating a possible immunologic basis for the condition, as has already been postulated by several authors.
A simplified technique for the management of acquired stenosis of the external auditory canal
Authors: Soliman T. , Fatt-Hi A. , Kadir M. Abdel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAcquired stenosis of the external auditory canal is known to be a surgical problem. This is indicated by the fact that numerous techniques have been devised. A simple but successful technique has been used by the authors. Excision of the subepithelial stenotic tissue and a wedge of skin from the floor of the external auditory canal is done, and a rubber tube is inserted inside the external canal for six weeks. Thirteen out of 16 operations have shown the validity of this technique.Stenosis of the external auditory canal (Fig. 1) has various aetiological causes, and the stenotic area may affect the whole length of the external auditory canal or just a small segment.In view of the fact that so many possible causes exist, numerous techniques have been used to treat this problem surgically, and this illustrates that the repair may be difficult.Considerable pessimism appears in the literature. Reference to failures may be found in many publications (Anthony, 1957; Beales, 1974). A simple but effective technique is needed, and this is our aim.