bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approximate transmission conditions through a weakly oscillating thin layer
Authors: Poignard Clair 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe study the behavior of the electro‐quasistatic voltage potentials in a material composed by a bidimensional medium surrounded by a weakly oscillating thin layer and embedded in an ambient medium. We build approximate transmission conditions in order to replace the layer by these conditions on the boundary of the interior material. We deal with a weakly oscillating thin layer: the period of the oscillations is greater than the square root of the thinness. Our approach is essentially geometric and based on a suitable change of variable in the layer. This paper extends previous works (Méthodes asymptotiques pour le calcul de champs électromagnétiques dans des milieux à couche mince. Application aux cellules biologiques. Thesis, Université Lyon 1, France, November 2006; IEEE Trans. Magn. 2007. http://hal.archives‐ouvertes.fr/hal‐00165049/fr.) of the former author, in which the layer had constant thickness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arimoclomol at dosages up to 300 mg/day is well tolerated and safe in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Cudkowicz Merit E. , Shefner Jeremy M. , Simpson Elizabeth , Grasso Daniela , Yu Hong , Zhang Hui , Shui Amy , Schoenfeld David , Brown Robert H. , Wieland Scott , Barber Jack R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractArimoclomol is an investigational drug for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that amplifies heat shock protein gene expression during cell stress. The objectives of the present study were to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of arimoclomol in ALS. Eighty‐four participants with ALS received arimoclomol at one of three oral doses (25, 50, or 100 mg three times daily) or placebo. The primary outcome measure was safety and tolerability. A subset of 44 participants provided serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples for pharmacokinetic analysis. Participants who completed 12 weeks of treatment could enroll in a 6‐month open‐label study. Arimoclomol at doses up to 300 mg/day was well tolerated and safe. Arimoclomol resulted in dose‐linear pharmacologic exposures and the half‐life did not change with continued treatment. Arimoclomol CSF levels increased with dose. Arimoclomol was shown to be safe, and it crosses the blood–brain barrier. Serum pharmacokinetic profiles support dosing of three times per day. An efficacy study in ALS is planned. Muscle Nerve, 2008
The correlation of voiding variables between non‐instrumented uroflowmetery and pressure‐flow studies in women with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Mueller Elizabeth , Wei John , Nygaard Ingrid , Brubaker Linda , Varner Ed , Visco Anthony , Cundiff Geoffrey W. , Weber Anne M. , Ghetti Chiara , Kreder Karl 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimsTo (1) correlate peak and maximum flow rates from non‐instrumented flow (NIF) and pressure‐flow studies (PFS) in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP); (2) measure the impact of voided volume and degree of prolapse on correlations.MethodsWe compared four groups of women with stages II–IV POP. Groups 1 and 2 were symptomatically stress continent women participating in the colpopexy and urinary reduction efforts (CARE) trial; during prolapse reduction before sacrocolpopexy, Group 1 (n = 67) did not have and Group 2 (n = 84) had urodynamic stress incontinence (USI). Group 3 (n = 74) and Group 4 participants (n = 73), recruited specifically for this study, had stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms. Group 3 planned sacrocolpopexy. Group 4 planned a different treatment option. Participants completed standardized uroflowmetry and pressure voiding studies.ResultsSubjects' median age was 61 years; median parity 3% and 80% had stage III or IV POP. Based on the Blaivas–Groutz nomogram, 49% of all women were obstructed. NIF and PFS peak and average flow rates had low correlations with one another (0.31, P < 0.001 and 0.35, P < 0.001, respectively). When NIF and PFS voided volumes were within 25% of each other, the peak and average flow rate correlations improved (0.52, P < 0.001 and 0.57, P < 0.001, respectively). As vaginal prolapse increased, correlations between NIF and PFS peak and average flow rates decreased.ConclusionPeak and average flow rates are highly dependent on voided volume in women with prolapse. As the prolapse stage increases, correlations between NIF and PFS variables decrease. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:515–521, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The significance of natural bladder filling by the production of urine during cystometry
Authors: Lee Sang Wook , Kim Jeong Hyun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimsNatural bladder filling by the production of urine could potentially influence the outcome of urodynamic investigations. In this prospective study, we determined the natural bladder filling rate during cystometry.MethodsBetween October 2005 and March 2006, we performed conventional urodynamic studies in 101 consecutive patients. We measured the exact volume infused during artificial filling, the volume voided and post‐void residual urine (PVR) after a pressure flow study to examine the difference between the measured bladder volume (voided volume plus PVR) and the infused volume. We also measured the exact time required for the urodynamic investigation. Finally, we analyzed the natural filling rates in 34 patients after excluding inadequate cases.ResultsThe mean volume of artificial filling was 304.4 ml (SD ± 100.5 ml) and the mean measured volume consisting of the voided volume plus PVR was 337.2 ml (SD ± 106.5 ml). The mean total time was 24.2 min (range: 15.0–41.5 min) and the mean time for artificial filling was 7.2 min. The mean volume of natural filling and the mean rate of natural bladder filling were 32.8 ml (12.1% of artificial filling) and 1.4 ml/min, respectively.ConclusionsNatural filling by the production of urine can affect the results of cystometry considerably, and should be considered when performing urodynamic investigations and interpreting the results. Because the effects can increase with the time required to conduct the investigation, effort should be made to decrease the total duration of urodynamic investigations. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:772–774, 2008, © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of chronic partial bladder outlet obstruction on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and Rho‐kinase in rabbits
Authors: Lin Wei‐Yu , Mannikarottu Anita , Chichester Paul , Neuman Paul , Johnson Arnold , Pérez‐Martínez Francisco C. , Levin Robert M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimThe goal of this study was to investigate the effect of different severities in bladder dysfunction on corpus cavernosum physiology, morphology and expression of Rho‐kinase in rabbits.MethodsMale New Zealand rabbits were divided into control, 2 and 8 weeks of partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) groups. Isolated cavernosal strips from all groups were precontracted with phenylephrine and the relaxant responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS), ATP, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were determined. Histological and molecular studies were performed.ResultsCorpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) from 8 weeks obstruction rabbits showed significant decreases in the contractile response to phenylephrine and further decreased relaxation responses to EFS in comparison to 2 weeks group. Relaxation induced by ATP, acetylcholine, and SNP were all significantly diminished at both 2 and 8 weeks obstruction equally. The ratio of smooth muscle to collagen decreased at 2 weeks and further dropped at 8 weeks obstruction. Expression of both isoforms of Rho‐kinase were increased in both obstruction groups at 2 weeks obstruction and decreased significantly (from the 2 week obstructed values) at 8 weeks while remaining above control values.ConclusionThe present study indicated that severe bladder dysfunction secondary to chronic PBOO induced significant physiological dysfunctions of CCSM as well as morphological changes. Activities of both ROK isoenzymes showed increases at 2‐ and 8‐week obstructions. Increase in Rho‐kinase expression/activity would be expected to make the CCSM more difficult to relax and also contribute to reduction of EFS‐induced relaxation of CCSM after chronic PBOO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:826–831, 2008, © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urethral pressure reflectometry and pressure profilometry in healthy volunteers and stress urinary incontinent women
Authors: Klarskov Niels , Lose Gunnar 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimsUrethral pressure reflectometry (UPR) is a novel reliable method for simultaneous measurement of pressure and cross‐sectional area in the female urethra. The aim of this study was to report values for UPR parameters in healthy and stress urinary incontinent (SUI) women and compare UPR with urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) parameters.MethodsThe study included 30 SUI women and 30 volunteers (23 “continent” and 7 “nearly continent”). The women were examined in the supine position both while relaxed and during squeezing, and upright position. The following UPR variables were measured; opening and closing pressure, opening and closing elastance, hysteresisabsolute and hysteresispercent. UPP with the perfusion technique was carried out with the women supine while relaxed and during squeezing. The maximum urethral pressure (MUP) and maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) were obtained.ResultsAll parameters except the hysteresispercent were significantly decreased in the SUI group compared to the volunteers. The squeeze opening pressure increased in all women compared to the resting condition, while MUP and MUCP during squeeze increased in 78% and decreased in 22%. The separation between the continent and SUI women was better using the resting and squeezing opening pressure than the corresponding UPP parameters.ConclusionsUPR is a clinically reliable technique, which provides sound physiological parameters. The resting and squeezing opening pressures separate SUI from continent women better than the UPP parameters. The UPR parameters have the potential to provide a pathophysiologic subdivision of SUI and other dysfunctions. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:807–812, 2008, © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cetuximab inhibits thymidylate synthase in colorectal cells expressing epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Skvortsov Sergej , Sarg Bettina , Lindner Herbert , Lukas Peter , Hilbe Wolfgang , Zwierzina Heinz , Skvortsova Ira 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody cetuximab directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an attractive agent for targeted therapy in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), especially when combined with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms of cetuximab activity as chemosensitizer remain poorly understood. Using proteome‐fluorescence‐based technology, we found that cetuximab is able to suppress the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), which is involved in the mechanism of 5‐FU action. Caco‐2, HRT‐18, HT‐29, WiDr and SW‐480 CRC cells were found to express EGFR. SW‐620 was used as EGFR‐negative cell line. Only in EGFR‐expressing cells cetuximab is able to inhibit TS expression. Combined treatment with cetuximab and 5‐FU revealed a synergistic anti‐tumor response that is closely correlated with functional activity of EGFR/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Moreover, no correlation was seen between constitutive TS protein expression, level of cetuximab‐induced TS down‐regulation and response either to 5‐FU alone or in combination with cetuximab. We demonstrated that only EGFR expression with high functional activity of EGFR/MAPK pathway is important for the synergistic effects between cetuximab and 5‐FU in the investigated cell lines.
Performance characteristics of an FT MS‐based workflow for label‐free differential MS analysis of human plasma: standards, reproducibility, targeted feature investigation, and application to a model of controlled myocardial infarction
Authors: Sutton Jennifer , Richmond Tori , Shi Xu , Athanas Michael , Ptak Celeste , Gerszten Robert , Bonilla Leo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractProteomics is undergoing a rapid transformation from a qualitative global peptide sequencing discipline into a quantitative, reproducibility‐driven practice. Nowhere is this more evident than in the rapidly expanding field of protein biomarker discovery where the general goal is to uncover statistically robust patterns of differential expression between or among subjects/samples representing distinct biological/temporal states. This report presents the analytical characterization of a label‐free LC FT‐ICR‐MS workflow for differential proteomics analysis of human plasma. The key elements discussed include (i) methodologies for performing properly replicated experiments with highly reproducible sample preparation and analysis, including the use of internal standards to quantify variance at different steps in the process, (ii) a new methodology for performing sample re‐analysis that uses off‐line targeted robotic acquisition of complementary spectral data (e.g. ECD and/or IRMPD) to enhance the identification of differentially expressed peptides/proteins, and (iii) data processing pipelines capable of integrating the automatic statistical analysis of the label‐free (LC‐) MS signal, together with the intuitive and highly interactive curation and annotation of differential features using the output from standard sequence database search programs. We illustrate the application of the complete sample‐to‐annotated‐differential‐peptides (‐proteins) workflow by describing the acquisition and analysis of a large multidimensional dataset from patients undergoing a controlled myocardial infarction resulting in an experimental setup in which each patients serve as their own control. Furthermore, we discuss a couple illustrative examples of mid‐level proteins observed in this study whose plasma concentrations change consistently within and across patients, in a treatment‐ and time‐dependent fashion.
Protein profiling of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue: Identification of potential biomarkers for pediatric brainstem glioma
Authors: Nazarian Javad , Santi Mariarita , Hathout Yetrib , MacDonald Tobey J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLittle is known about the molecular characteristics of pediatric brainstem gliomas (BSG), which continue to have a dismal prognosis. Targeted molecular strategies are limited due to rarity of biopsy BSG specimen coupled with obstacles associated with the analyses of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) autopsies. The objective of this study was to develop methodologies to successfully identify the proteome profile from these archived FFPE specimens. Peptides were extracted from both tumor and adjacent normal FFPE brainstem specimen and quantified using 18O proteolytic labeling strategy and LC‐MS/MS analysis. The ingenuity pathway analysis software was used to elucidate interactions amongst differentially expressed proteins. We identified 188 proteins of which 54 (29%) were found up‐regulated (≥1.5‐fold) in BSG compared to normal sections. Of these, 15 (28%) proteins have previously been reported as potential biomarkers for supratentorial malignant gliomas, while the rest appear to be exclusive to pediatric BSG. Because the majority of differentially expressed proteins are unique to BSG, we conclude that pediatric BSG is distinct from supratentorial gliomas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proteome profile of pediatric BSG, which may facilitate discovery of novel therapeutic targets for early diagnostics and improving prognostics.
Influence of variations in sample handling on SELDI‐TOF MS serum protein profiles for colorectal cancer
Authors: Engwegen Judith Y. M. N. , Alberts Marieke , Knol Jaco C. , Jimenez Connie R. , Depla Annekatrien C. T. M. , Tuynman Henriëtte , van Heukelem Henk A. , Snel Pleun , Smits Marianne E. , Cats Annemieke , Schellens Jan H. M. , Beijnen Jos H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSample handling can have a profound effect on serum protein profiles, challenging results obtained with archived sera under non‐standardized sample collection. Here, we evaluate the influence of variations in sample handling on previous serum protein profiles for colorectal cancer (CRC) (Engwegen et al.,. World J. Gastroenterol. 2006, 12, 1536–1544). Sera were prospectively obtained from individuals with an indication for colonoscopy (n = 150: 65 controls, 52 adenomatous polyps, 29 CRC, 4 unknown), as well as from normal volunteers (n = 8). Protein profiles were acquired by SELDI‐TOF MS on CM10 chips at pH 5. We assessed the influence of storage temperature, type of collection tube, coagulation temperature and freeze‐thaw cycles on the serum protein profile. Several peptides occurred only in samples stored at –20°C, indicating proteolytic degradation during storage. One was a previous CRC biomarker candidate, an N‐terminal albumin fragment (m/z 3087), and two others complement C3f and a fragment thereof (m/z 2022 and 1863). Overall differences in protein profiles were also seen for different collection tubes, coagulation temperature and freeze‐thaw cycles. However, three of five of our previously defined CRC biomarker candidates are stable to variations in the sample handling protocol, justifying their further validation in prospective studies.
Myofilament proteins: From cardiac disorders to proteomic changes
Authors: Yuan Chao , Solaro R. John 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMyofilament proteins of the cardiac sarcomere house the molecular machinery responsible for generating tension and pressure. Release of intracellular Ca2+ triggers myofilament tension generation and shortening, but the response to Ca2+ is modulated by changes in key regulatory proteins. We review how these proteomic changes are essential to adaptive physiological regulation of cardiac output and become maladaptive in cardiac disorders. We also review the essentials of proteomic techniques used to study myofilament protein changes, including degradation, isoform expression, phosphorylation and oxidation. Selected proteomic studies illustrate the applications of these approaches.
Nitric oxide‐mediated protein modification in cardiovascular physiology and pathology
Authors: Gödecke Axel , Schrader Jürgen , Reinartz Michael 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of cardiovascular functions including the control of vascular tone, anti‐inflammatory properties of the endothelium, cardiac contractility, and thrombocyte activation and aggregation. Numerous experimental data support the view that NO not only acts via cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)‐dependent mechanisms but also modulates protein function by nitrosation, nitrosylation, glutathiolation, and nitration, respectively. To understand how NO regulates all of these diverse biological processes on the molecular level a comprehensive assessment of NO‐mediated cGMP‐dependent and independent targets is required. Novel proteomic approaches allow the simultaneous identification of large quantities of proteins modified in an NO‐dependent manner and thereby will considerably deepen our understanding of the role NO plays in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology.
A multi‐tracers analysis of sources and transfers of particulate organic matter in a tropical reservoir (Petit Saut, French Guiana)
Authors: de Junet Alexis , Abril Gwenaël , Guérin Frédéric , Billy Isabelle , de Wit Rutger 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe measured the organic carbon (OC) content, the isotopic composition, the C/N ratios and the photosynthetic pigment composition of suspended matter, sediments, sediments traps and epiphytic and epilithic biofilms at the tropical Sinnamary River system (French Guiana). Our sampling included the mid‐stream reservoir lake (Petit Saut) and the estuary on the Atlantic coast. These tracers were complementary and allowed identifying different sources of particulate organic matter (POM) in the system. We found a δ13C–C/N signature of POM close to that of soils and litters collected in the surrounding forest, both for water column and sediment at the upstream station as well as for the sediment in a littoral zone of the reservoir, which thus indicated a terrestrial origin. Plankton communities at the centre of the reservoir were dominated by Chlorophyceae (chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b) and lutein) in the oxic epilimnion and by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, namely Chlorobiaceae (bacteriochlorophyll d (BChl d) and bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c)) at and below the oxycline (6 m depth). In addition, this planktonic material was slightly 13C‐depleted due to a contribution of methanotrophic bacteria. Phytoplankton and bacterioplankton were the major source of settling material collected in the traps at all depths in the centre of the reservoir. In the traps, POM was subject to intense degradation, as revealed by C/N and isotopic data and by the presence of pheopigments. In the river downstream of the dam, Chl b, lutein, BChl c and d originating from the reservoir progressively decreased downstream as the result of mineralization. At the estuarine mouth, fucoxanthin showed the presence of diatoms and the δ13C‐C/N signature matched that of POM carried by the Amazonian coastal mobile mud belt. By analysing sedimentation rates in the reservoir and its outflow into the river, we were able to provide a first estimates of POM transfers in this system during the sampling period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitrate removal in the hyporheic zone of a salmon river in Alaska
Authors: Pinay Gilles , O'Keefe Thomas C. , Edwards Richard T. , Naiman Robert J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPacific boreal streams and riparian zones are believed to receive significant N loads that are derived from the ocean in the form of decaying sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Using a small stream in south‐central Alaska we examined whether the associated riparian forest could take up the pulse of marine‐derived nitrogen (MDN) entering the hyporheic zone from spawning and dying sockeye salmon. We evaluate the relative importance of riparian uptake and denitrification in nitrate‐N removal in hyporheic sediment. We found that maximum biological removal of nitrate peaked within 1 h of water entering the hyporheic zone, decreasing exponentially with subsurface flow duration. Plant and microbial uptake reached 14 µg NO‐N L−1 min−1and denitrification reached 4 µg NO‐N L−1 min−1during the initial 2 h of transit time. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that MDN from Pacific salmon can be transferred to riparian zone via hyporheic flow. Most nitrate‐N removal along hyporheic flow paths is by plant and microbial uptake (the respective contributions could not be determined). Denitrifying bacteria are present and active in the hyporheic zones of this well‐oxygenated Alaskan stream but their contribution to the nitrate‐N removal is small compared to plant and microbial uptake in such nitrate‐N poor environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.