bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femoral nerve entrapment: A new insight
Authors: Vázquez M.T. , Murillo J. , Maranillo E. , Parkin I.G. , Sanudo J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCompression of the femoral nerve in the iliac fossa has been reported as a consequence of several pathologies, but never as a result of muscular compression. Aberrant slips of iliacus, however, have occasionally been reported to cover or split the femoral nerve. This study aimed to assess such variations as potential factors in femoral nerve compression. A large and homogeneous sample of 121 embalmed cadavers (242 specimens) was studied. Statistical comparisons were made using the chi‐squared test. Muscular slips from iliacus and psoas, piercing or covering the femoral nerve, were found in 19 specimens (7.9%). No significant differences by sex or side were found. The more frequent variation was piercing of the femoral nerve by a muscular slip (17 specimens, 7.0%). The nerve then entered the thigh as one or more branches. The less frequent variation found was a muscular slip or sheet covering the femoral nerve as it lay on iliacus (2 specimens, 0.8%). Each disposition may be a potential risk for nerve entrapment. Clin. Anat. 20:175–179, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves: Course and branches
Authors: Macchi Veronica , Tiengo Cesare , Porzionato Andrea , Parenti Anna , Stecco Carla , Mazzoleni Francesco , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDuring modified radical mastectomy or cosmetic surgery, denervation of the lower part of the pectoralis major frequently occurs and may reduce muscle spasm, with consequent better reconstruction of the breast. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the pectoral nerves and the pectoral muscles. Eight unembalmed female cadavers were dissected and vascular and radiologic studies performed. The lateral pectoral nerves showed a constant course, parallel to the thoraco‐acromial vessels. They coursed for 55 ± 7 mm inferomedially on the deep surface of pectoralis major, under its fascia. The medial pectoral nerves showed two main patterns of branching, which correlated with the extent of the costal attachments of the pectoralis minor muscles. In pattern A (56%), associated with costal attachments narrower than 6.0 cm, the nerve pierced the deep aspect of the pectoralis minor as a single trunk, ramified in the muscle, and gave some branches that appeared on the superficial aspect to enter the pectoralis major. In pattern B (44%), associated with costal attachments wider than 6.6 cm, the nerve divided before entering pectoralis minor and its branches passed through the muscle or round its lower border to reach pectoralis major. The most medial branch of the medial pectoral nerve directed to the pectoralis major muscle emerged from pectoralis minor at the third intercostal space in the midclavicular line, a mean of 10.3 cm lateral to the margin of the sternum. Knowledge of the relationship between the extent of the costal attachment of pectoralis minor and the two patterns of branching of the medial pectoral nerve may be useful when performing elective denervation of the major pectoralis muscle. Clin. Anat. 20:157–162, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probing the Ligand‐Binding Specificity and Analyzing the Folding State of SPOT‐Synthesized FBP28 WW Domain Variants
Authors: Przezdziak Jana , Tremmel Sandra , Kretzschmar Ines , Beyermann Michael , Bienert Michael , Volkmer‐Engert Rudolf 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe WW domains are known as the smallest naturally occurring, monomeric, triple‐stranded, antiparallel β‐sheet domains. Hence, we chose the FBP28 WW domain as a model to investigate the stability of the β‐sheet structure at the amino acid level in the context of its function (ligand binding). The structure–function relationship was investigated through a complete substitution analysis of the FBP28 WW domain, with variants synthesized as a cellulose‐bound peptide array. The functionality of the FBP28 WW domain variants was examined by probing the peptide array for ligand binding. In addition, selected FBP28 WW domain variants were investigated by CD measurements to determine the stability of the antiparallel β‐sheet structure. We discuss the correlation between structure stability and functionality for the FBP28 WW domain, as well as the effect of ligand‐induced structure stabilization.
RebG‐ and RebM‐Catalyzed Indolocarbazole Diversification
Authors: Zhang Changsheng , Albermann Christoph , Fu Xun , Peters Noel R. , Chisholm John D. , Zhang Guisheng , Gilbert Eric J. , Wang Peng George , Van Vranken David L. , Thorson Jon S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRebeccamycin and staurosporine represent two broad classes of indolocarbazole glycoside natural products with antitumor properties. Based upon previous sequence annotation and in vivo studies, rebG encodes for the rebeccamycin N‐glucosyltransferase, and rebM for the requisite 4′‐O‐methyltransferase. In the current study, an efficient in vivo biotransformation system for RebG was established in both Streptomyces lividans and Escherichia coli. Bioconversion experiments revealed RebG to glucosylate a set of indolocarbazole surrogates, the products of which could be further modified by in vitro RebM‐catalyzed 4′‐O‐methylation. Both RebG and RebM displayed substrate promiscuity, and evidence for a remarkable lack of RebG regioselectivity in the presence of asymmetric substrates is also provided. In the context of the created indolocarbazole analogues, cytotoxicity assays also highlight the importance of 4′‐O‐methylation for their biological activity.
Transhepatic closure of atrial septal defect and assisted closure of modified Blalock/Taussig shunt
Authors: Ebeid Makram R. , Joransen James A. , Gaymes Charles H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe details of transhepatic closure of moderate – large size atrial septal defect as well as assisted closure of a modified Blalock Taussing shunt in a 2 1/2 year old patient with occluded femoral vessels are discussed. The technical variations as well as the potential advantages of this route are outlined. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The paclitaxel‐eluting Coroflex™ please stent pilot study (PECOPS I): Acute and 6‐month clinical and angiographic follow‐up
Authors: Unverdorben Martin , Degenhardt Ralf , Vallbracht Christian , Wiemer Marcus , Horstkotte Dieter , Schneider Henrik , Nienaber Christoph , Bocksch Wolfgang , Gross Michael , Boxberger Michael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and Objectives: Various active stent coatings significantly reduce restenosis rates and target lesion revascularization compared to bare metal stents. Therefore, the procedural and 6‐month performance of the new paclitaxel‐eluting Coroflex™. Please stent was investigated. Methods: Ninety‐seven patients (66 ± 7.6 years, 34/97(35.1%) diabetics, 11/97(11.3%) unstable angina) were enrolled per protocol for elective single stent deployment into native coronary de‐novo or post‐PTCA restenotic lesions (stenosis: ≥ 70%, < 100%; reference diameter ≥ 2.25 mm and <3.3 mm; lesion length ≤ 16 mm) with 13/97(13.4%) lesion type A, 64/97(66%) type B1, 20/97(20.6%) type B2). The mean reference diameter was 2.88 ± 0.42 mm, the lesion length 10.03 ± 2.93 mm, and the minimal lumen diameter 0.64 ± 0.22 mm. Results: The success rates of procedure and study stent deployment were 100% and 94.8%, respectively. In 5/97(5.2%) two stents were implanted. Follow‐up was performed clinically in 86/87(98.9%) and angiographically in 77/87(88.5%) patients after 6.1 ± 0.7 months. Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 7/87(8%) 1/87(1.2%) subacute thrombosis 10.3hrs post procedure, 1/87(1.2%) myocardial infarction, 5/87(5.7%) target lesion revascularizations. The in‐segment stenosis declined from 78 ± 7.2% to 9.4 ± 6.2% after stenting increasing to 31.9 ± 18.6% at follow‐up. The in‐segment late loss and the late loss index were 0.47 ± 0.6 mm and 0.23 ± 0.29 resulting in 6/77(7.8%) in‐segment restenoses three each of which were located either within or beyond the stent structure. The outcome was neither influenced by the prevalence of diabetes ( p = 0.4), hypercholesterolemia ( p = 1), hypertension ( p = 1), overweight ( p = 1), nor by the family history of coronary artery disease ( p = 0.7). Conclusion: The data of the paclitaxel‐eluting Coroflex™. Please stent tested in PECOPS I are within the range other available paclitaxel‐eluting stent. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioabsorbable metal stents for percutaneous treatment of critical recoarctation of the aorta in a newborn
Authors: Schranz Dietmar , Zartner Peter , Michel‐Behnke Ina , Akintürk Hakan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn neonates and infants with critical aortic coarctation, balloon angioplasty is considered for rescue therapy of heart failure. The use of conventional stents is limited because of further vessel growth, the need of redilation, and later surgical removal. However, a novel bioabsorbable magnesium stent (AMS) might overcome such restrictions of vessel stenting in newborns. Presented is the first use of an AMS for acute treatment of a newborn with severely impaired heart function due to a long segment recoarctation after a complex surgical repair. We hypothesize that bioabsorbable stents will dramatically change the treatment of coarctation and recoarctation in newborns. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction Energies for the Purine Inhibitor Roscovitine with Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 2: Correlated Ab Initio Quantum‐Chemical, DFT and Empirical Calculations
Authors: Dobeš Petr , Otyepka Michal , Strnad Miroslav , Hobza Pavel 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe interaction between roscovitine and cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) was investigated by performing correlated ab initio quantum‐chemical calculations. The whole protein was fragmented into smaller systems consisting of one or a few amino acids, and the interaction energies of these fragments with roscovitine were determined by using the MP2 method with the extended aug‐cc‐pVDZ basis set. For selected complexes, the complete basis set limit MP2 interaction energies, as well as the coupled‐cluster corrections with inclusion of single, double and noninteractive triples contributions [CCSD(T)], were also evaluated. The energies of interaction between roscovitine and small fragments and between roscovitine and substantial sections of protein (722 atoms) were also computed by using density‐functional tight‐binding methods covering dispersion energy (DFTB‐D) and the Cornell empirical potential. Total stabilisation energy originates predominantly from dispersion energy and methods that do not account for the dispersion energy cannot, therefore, be recommended for the study of protein–inhibitor interactions. The Cornell empirical potential describes reasonably well the interaction between roscovitine and protein; therefore, this method can be applied in future thermodynamic calculations. A limited number of amino acid residues contribute significantly to the binding of roscovitine and cdk2, whereas a rather large number of amino acids make a negligible contribution.
Site‐Selective Formation of Optically Active Inclusion Complexes of Alkoxo‐Subphthalocyanines with β‐Cyclodextrin at the Toluene/Water Interface
Authors: Adachi Kenta , Watarai Hitoshi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSeveral subphthalocyanine derivatives that contain an alkoxo substituent as an axial ligand (RO‐Subpc, R = 9‐anthracenemethyl, benzyl, phenyl, 3,5‐dimethylbenzyl, 3,5‐dimethylphenyl, 4‐methylbenzyl, and 4‐methylphenyl) were synthesized. The formation of inclusion complexes of RO‐Subpc with β‐CD in DMSO and at the toluene/water interface was investigated by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, induced circular dichroism (ICD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. Interfacial tension measurements suggested that β‐CD adsorbed as a monolayer at the toluene/water interface and probably orientated towards the toluene phase with its primary face. The 1:1 composition of β‐CD⋅RO‐Subpc inclusion complexes was confirmed in DMSO and at the toluene/water interface for BzO‐Subpc, PhO‐Subpc, MeBzO‐Subpc, and MePhO‐Subpc. A 2:1 inclusion complex of AnO‐Subpc formed in DMSO. The observed ICD spectra of β‐CD⋅RO‐Subpc inclusion complexes are discussed with respect to molecular modeling and the simulation based on Tinoco–Kirkwood theory. Interestingly, the ICD spectra of β‐CD⋅BzO‐Subpc and β‐CD⋅MeBzO‐Subpc inclusion complexes exhibited a negative sign in DMSO and a positive sign at the toluene/water interface. This reversal of the ICD sign strongly suggests a difference in the structure of the inclusion complexes: β‐CD at the interface formed the inclusion complex with its primary face, whereas the secondary face of β‐CD bound favorably to RO‐Subpc in DMSO.
trans‐1‐Sulfonylamino‐2‐isoborneolsulfonylaminocyclohexane Derivatives: Excellent Chiral Ligands for the Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Organozinc Reagents to Ketones
Authors: Forrat Vicente J. , Prieto Oscar , Ramón Diego J. , Yus Miguel 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe catalytic enantioselective addition of different organozinc reagents (such as alkyl and aryl derivatives or in situ generated aryl, allyl alkenyl, and alkynyl derivatives obtained through different transmetallation processes) to simple ketones has been accomplished by using titanium tetraisopropoxide and chiral ligands derived from substituted trans‐1‐sulfonylamino‐2‐isoborneolsulfonylaminocyclohexane, producing the corresponding tertiary alcohols with enantiomeric excesses (ee) up to >99 %. A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of the chiral ligands used in these reactions is described.
Fullerene Polypyridine Ligands: Synthesis, Ruthenium Complexes, and Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Zhou Zhiguo , Sarova Ginka H. , Zhang Sheng , Ou Zhongping , Tat Fatma T. , Kadish Karl M. , Echegoyen Luis , Guldi Dirk M. , Schuster David I. , Wilson Stephen R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFullerene coordination ligands bearing one bipyridine or terpyridine unit were synthesized, and their coordination to ruthenium(II) formed linear rod‐like donor–acceptor systems. Steady‐state fluorescence of [Ru(bpy)2(bpy‐C60)]2+ showed a rapid solvent‐dependent, intramolecular quenching of the ruthenium(II) MLCT excited state. Time‐resolved flash photolysis in CH3CN revealed characteristic transient absorption changes that have been ascribed to the formation of the C60 triplet state, suggesting that photoexcitation of [Ru(bpy)2(bpy‐C60)]2+ results in a rapid intramolecular transduction of triplet excited state energy. The electrochemical studies on both [Ru(bpy)2(bpy‐C60)]2+ and [Ru(tpy)(tpy‐C60)]2+ indicated electronic coupling between the metal center and the fullerene core.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Michael Addition Reactions of Unmodified Aldehydes and Ketones with Nitroolefins Catalyzed by a Pyrrolidine Sulfonamide
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Hao , Lou Bihshow , Zu Liansuo , Guo Hua , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChiral (S)‐pyrrolidine trifluoromethanesulfonamide has been shown to serve as an effective catalyst for direct Michael addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones with nitroolefins. A wide range of aldehydes and ketones as Michael donors and nitroolefins as acceptors participate in the process, which proceeds with high levels of enantioselectivity (up to 99 %ee) and diastereoselectivity (up to 50:1 d.r.). The methodology has been employed successfully in an efficient synthesis of the potent H3agonist Sch 50917. In addition, a practical three‐step procedure for the preparation of (S)‐pyrrolidine trifluoromethanesulfonamide has been developed. The high levels of stereochemical control attending Michael addition reactions catalyzed by this pyrrolidine sulfonamide, have been investigated by using ab initio and density functional methods. Transition state structures for the rate‐limiting CC bond‐forming step, corresponding tore‐andsi‐face addition to the reactive conformation of the key enamine intermediates have been calculated. Analysis of these structures indicates that hydrogen bonding plays an important role in catalysis and that the energy barrier forsi‐face attack in reactions of aldehydes to form2R,3Sproducts is lower than that for there‐face attack leading to2S,3Rproducts. In contrast, the energy barrier forre‐face addition is lower than that forsi‐face addition in reactions of ketones. The computational results, which are in good agreement with the experimental observations, are discussed in the context of the stereochemical course of these Michael addition reactions.
Phase II trial of intracerebrospinal fluid etoposide in the treatment of neoplastic meningitis
Authors: Chamberlain Marc C. , Tsao‐Wei Denice D. , Groshen Susan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of the current study was to determine the toxicity and response of a fixed dose intracerebrospinal fluid (CSF) etoposide in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed neoplastic meningitis (NM). NM reportedly occurs in 1% to 5% of patients with known cancer. Currently available treatment options are limited and provide only modest benefit.METHODSTwenty‐seven patients (median age, 55 yrs) with clinically and cytologically documented NM received intra‐CSF etoposide. Tumor histologies included lung (8 patients), breast (5 patients), primary brain tumor (4 patients), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (4 patients), melanoma (4 patients), colon (1 patient), and prostate (1 patient). Concurrent involved‐field radiotherapy (19 of 27 patients) or systemic chemotherapy (17 of 27 patients) was administered based on clinical indications. Etoposide was administered at a fixed dose (0.5 mg every day given 5 days per week every other week for 8 weeks [induction]). Patients were evaluated by CSF cytology and neurologic examination at the conclusion of induction therapy. Responding patients continued to receive etoposide (5 consecutive days every 4 weeks) with monthly evaluations.RESULTSSeven of 27 patients (26%) treated with etoposide had a cytologic response and either stable or improved neurologic status at the conclusion of induction. Eight patients (30%) developed disease progression during induction therapy and did not complete the 8‐week induction course of therapy. At the conclusion of induction therapy, 12 patients (44%) had persistently positive CSF cytology, although they were clinically stable. In responding patients, time to neurologic disease progression ranged from 8 weeks to 40 weeks (median, 20 wks). Toxicity manifested as transient chemical arachnoiditis (5 of 27 patients; 13% of all treatment cycles). The 6‐month neurologic disease progression‐free survival was 11%.CONCLUSIONSEtoposide appears to have modest activity against NM and easily managed toxicity. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The influence of comorbidities, age, and performance status on the prognosis and treatment of patients with metastatic carcinomas of unknown primary site
Authors: Seve Pascal , Sawyer Michael , Hanson John , Broussolle Christiane , Dumontet Charles , Mackey John R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors investigated how comorbidities, age, and performance status were related to the choice of chemotherapy and to the prognosis of patients with carcinomas of unknown primary site (CUP).METHODSPatients in Northern Alberta who were diagnosed with CUP during 2000 to 2003 were included (n = 389 patients). Survival was compared by age at diagnosis (ages <65 years, 65‐74 years, and >75 years), comorbidity score (Adult Comorbidity Evaluation‐27 [ACE‐27] scores of 0‐1 and >2), performance status (PS), and other explanatory variables, such as gender, histology, and site and number of metastases.RESULTSThe median age was 68 years, and the median overall survival was 12 weeks. An ACE‐27 overall comorbidity score >2 was found in 34% of patients, and a PS >2 was observed in 50% of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who had a PS ≥2 and a high overall ACE‐27 score had a worse prognosis. The impact of comorbidities on survival was limited to patients with low PS. Patients who were not evaluated at a cancer center were older, had a worse functional status, and had more moderate or severe comorbidities. Among the 257 patients who were evaluated at a cancer center, 108 patients received chemotherapy, and 121 patients had a good PS (0‐1). Age was the only independent variable that was related to the likelihood of not receiving chemotherapy among patients who had a good PS. The median overall survival of the 121 patients who had a good PS was 317 days, and overall survival was not associated significantly with chemotherapy. A logistic regression analysis that included all patients who were evaluated at a cancer center identified young age, good PS, lymph node/pleural involvement, and few comorbidities as variables that were associated independently with receiving chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONSPatients with CUP who were not evaluated at a cancer center were older, had a worse functional status, and had more moderate or severe comorbidities; this referral bias largely explained the differences between data from registries and from tertiary centers. Moderate and severe comorbidities impacted survival in patients with who had a PS ≥2. An age‐related decline was observed in the percentage of adults with good PS who received chemotherapy. The current results suggested that older patients with CUP were under treated and that factors other than PS were involved in the decision to use chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with CUP. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
A Down syndrome patient treated with peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Horcicka Vladko , Zadrazil Josef , Zahálková Jana , Krejcí Karel , Strebl Pavel , Al Jabry Sadek 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome patients are not always suited for peritoneal dialysis, mainly due to their lack of compliance with the procedure. We report a case of a 42‐year‐old male Down syndrome patient successfully treated with peritoneal dialysis.MethodsThe patient suffered from end‐stage renal disease caused by chronic pyelonephritis due to a dysplastic urinary tract. Comorbid conditions included hypothyroidism, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, malnutrition with obesity, left ventricle dysfunction, multiple corneal erosions, and glaucoma. Because, in this case, the patient's mother would be required to sit full time at his bedside during a hemodialysis procedure, a peritoneal dialysis program was preferred. The treatment was complicated by peritoneal catheter dysfunction leading to the prolongation of the draining out time and the need to change the position of the body during drainage in the 29th month of treatment.ResultsThree months later, when the patient became overhydrated and a dry ultrafiltration procedure in the hemodialysis unit became necessary, the peritoneal catheter was replaced, which solved this problem.ConclusionAlthough the peritoneal dialysis procedure in mentally retarded patients is prone to failure mainly because of an increased risk of peritonitis and a burn‐out syndrome among their parents, this patient's mother has been successfully treating him by for more than 4 years without a single episode of peritonitis.