bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature Labour with Renal Infections: The Action of Coliform Endotoxin on the Pregnant Rat Uterus
Authors: Wren Barry G. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe possibility that endotoxin from coliform organisms may initiate premature labour in women with renal infection is discussed. The action of endotoxin as a direct oxytocic was investigated, but no evidence of sustained activity was found. Rather, endotoxin appeared to have a depressant effect, even if a temporary stimulation took place initially. Neither could evidence for “sensitising” of uterine muscle by endotoxin be elicited when oxytocin was used to stimulate contractions.
Serum C‐Reactive Protein in Pregnancy, Labour and the Puerperium
Authors: Jones W. R. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA study is reported of serum C‐reactive protein in 202 normal pregnant, parturient, and puerperal women. The incidence of positive tests increased progressively throughout these stages culminating in a 97% positive rate after the first postpartum day. An abrupt increase in incidence was noted when labour was prolonged beyond 12 hours, suggesting an association of the appearance of C‐RP with dynamic tissue changes at a utero‐placental level. This probably represents an acute phase of a more subtle process present in the 29% of patients showing a positive C‐RP test in the third trimester of pregnancy. It is suggested that the appearance of this protein in the serum of pregnant women may indicate intra‐uterine tissue changes based on minor biological (?immunological) variations from the normal feto‐maternal relationship. C‐RP was found to be present in 2 out of 70 cord sera tested, thus confirming its inability to cross the placenta.
Duration of Symptoms and Survival Rates for Invasive Cervical Cancer
Authors: Green G. H. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe results of treatment (actuarial survival rates) of 640 patients with invasive cervical cancer (79% being in Stages 1 and 2) are presented. These are comparable to those from many centres and are better for surgical than radiation treatment (Stages 1 and 2); the surgically‐treated patients, however, form a highly selected group.Survival rates for the various stages according to the duration of localised symptoms (0‐3, 4‐12, >12 months) are presented. Except for an indication that Stage 1 patients with symptoms for more than 12 months (16 patients only) may have a better prognosis than others in Stage 1, the duration of symptoms made no difference to survival rates.It is concluded that the attributability of systemic symptoms will have to be studied more carefully, preferably prospectively, if they are to be included with local symptoms in estimating prognosis. It is suggested that if anatomic staging and duration and type of symptomatology are important in prognosis, then the mode of treatment may be less important than is thought.
Cytological and Histological Correlation in 300 Cases of Cervical Cone Biopsy
Authors: Hollyock V. E. , Fortune D. W. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: This is a study of 300 cases of cervical cone biopsy, 292 being performed as a result of findings at cytology and punch biopsy and 8 on clinical appearances of the cervix alone. Findings at cytology, punch biopsy, conization and subsequent hysterectomy have been correlated.Cytological prediction of a specific lesion agreed with the histological findings in the cone biopsy in 60% of 231 smears. Punch biopsy findings agreed with those of the cone biopsy in 42% of 52 patients, but in 24% a more severe lesion was found. Cone biopsy revealed the histological severity of all lesions in 97 of 100 patients having subsequent hysterectomy for non‐invasive lesions. There were 38 residual lesions in the 100 patients. Post‐conization smears were accurate in 94% of cases in predicting the presence or absence of a residual lesion. Invasive carcinoma was diagnosed by conization in 32 patients (11%).
Golden Ovaries
Authors: Page S. W. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: This report concerns 6 women who presented with an excessive intake of carotene‐containing foodstuffs and menstrual disturbance. Four of these were well nourished with respect to protein intake, while the other 2 were undernourished (anorexia nervosa type syndrome).Four of the patients were in an older age group (range 35‐58) with excessive or irregular vaginal bleeding; 2 of the patients were younger (22, 23) and presented with oligo‐amenorrhoea. The ovaries in all patients were golden yellow in colour and possessed a characteristic histological appearance. Fat stains revealed abundant, highly‐dispersed, lipid granules occurring throughout the ovarian cortex, not restricted to areas around the corpora lutea; special stains for carotenoid pigments were strongly positive, the latter giving the ovary its uniformly yellow colour, which is usually only seen in relation to the corpus luteum.It is proposed that those women with a normal protein and a high carotene intake suffered from a hypervitaminosis A syndrome leading to a bleeding tendency. Those women with a sub‐normal protein intake may have had a suboptimal conversion of carotene to vitamin A and no bleeding tendency.
Rupture of a Dermoid Cyst during Pregnancy
Authors: Lee K. H. , Yeung K. K. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: A case of spontaneous rupture of an infected dermoid cyst during the third trimester of pregnancy is reported.Removal of the cyst, which was adherent to the uterine fundus and sigmoid colon, was effected after the uterus had been emptied by Caesarean section. Transverse colostomy was necessary because of damage to the bowel at the time of operation. The post‐operative course was complicated by subphrenic abscess.
Human Pregnancy – An Experimental Model for the Study of Immunological Disease
Authors: R. Jones W. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The paradoxical survival of the mammalian fetus as an allograft provides a useful experimental model in immunology. In human pregnancy, studies of the placental transmission of serological and clinical manifestations of maternal auto‐immune diseases have resulted in important discoveries concerning the aetiology and pathogenesis of these conditions. These studies are reviewed with particular reference to thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and pernicious anaemia.
Placental Scanning with 113m In with Particular Reference to Sources of Error
Authors: Connolly Roger , M. Schokman Christopher 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThere are blood pools in and around the gravid uterus other than those of the placenta. Radionuclide scanning to localize the placenta can be confused by these pools. The left uterine vessels are brought closer to the abdominal wall by dextro‐rotation of the uterus and provide a particular source of confusion. This paper attempts to correlate the density of the photoscan with direct measurement of the distance of these vessels from the abdominal wall. Scans were made before operation, using113m indium (113m In). The merits of photoscanning using this radionuclide are discussed.
Experience Gained from a Personal Series of One Hundred and Thirty Scalp Blood Samplings from One Hundred Fetuses
Authors: Nattrass Peter 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The results of 130 scalp samplings personally carried out by the author on 100 fetuses in labour are presented and discussed with reference to the literature,A study is made of the association between clinical signs of fetal distress and the pH of the scalp blood and the value of pH, as opposed to clinical signs, as a means of predicting a depressed infant, is discussed.Reference is also made to the complications involved and a conclusion as to the justification and place for fetal scalp sampling is arrived at.
Transient Fetal Acidosis and Artificial Rupture of the Membranes
Authors: Lumley Judith , Wood Carl 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA retrospective analysis of 121 cases of fetal acidosis disclosed that in 20 per cent of them the disturbance was temporary and recovery spontaneous. The important clinical associations of transient acidosis were collection of the scalp blood sample immediately after amniotomy, maternal metabolic acidosis after fasting for amniotomy or after prolonged labour, and episodes of fetal bradycardia. The mechanisms by which amniotomy may lead to acidosis are discussed. The most probable is a short‐lived fall in uterine blood flow.
Suprapubic Bladder Puncture as an Alternative to Midstream Specimen of Urine in Obstetric Patients
Authors: Tischler E. 
Published: February 2008

SummarySuprapubic aspiration of urine in pregnant women is a safe and easy method of obtaining uncontaminated specimens of urine. The results of 186 suprapubic bladder punctures on both antenatal and postnatal patients are presented. The excellent patient acceptance and virtual absence of complications confirm previous claims that suprapubic puncture is a suitable alternative to midstream specimen of urine in obstetric patients.
Testicular Feminization: The Clinical Features, Endocrine Function and Gonadal Pathology in Six Patients
Authors: Khoo S. K. , Mackay E. V. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The clinical and endocrinological aspects of 6 patients with testicular feminization are presented. In 5 patients, operative findings and histological appearances of the gonads are detailed. One of the patients showed evidence of virilization.Primary amenorrhoea, a history of similarly affected female relatives, relatively tall stature, inguinal hernia, absent or sparse body hair, good breast development and a cul‐de‐sac vagina were characteristic features. The chromosomal karyotype was typically 46 XY. Urinary oestrogen excretion was reduced from 10–30 μg./24 hours before gonadectomy to 1–3 μg./24 hours after the operation.The gonads were located in the inguinal canal or at the pelvic brim; on histological examination, they resembled the testes in cryptorchidism, with immature seminiferous tubular development. Rudimentary structures resembling epididymis were present in 2 patients, and in one of these there were also remnants suggestive of a uterus and the Fallopian tube.The disorder of androgen insensitivity is discussed with reference to pathogenesis, endocrine function, risk of malignancy in the gonads, inheritance and management.
Fetoplacental Function and Antenatal Complications When the Fetus is Malformed
Authors: Macafee C. A. J. , Beischer N. A. , Brown J. B. , Fortune D. W. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The patterns of maternal urinary oestriol excretion in 115 pregnancies in which the fetuses were malformed are presented. The incidences of antenatal complications, fetal distress in labour and Caesarean section are analysed and compared with those in a control series of 693 pregnancies in which the fetuses had similar malformations.Major fetal malformations were associated with high incidences of low oestriol excretion (61%) and intra‐uterine growth retardation (46%). Hydrocephaly was characterized by low oestriol excretion but not to the extent found with anencephaly. The fetus will have a major abnormality in approximately 1 in 30 pregnancies in which maternal oestriol excretion is subnormal. X‐ray of the fetus should precede Caesarean section for a fetal indication when maternal oestriol values are low.
Urinary Oestriol Excretion in Pregnancies Complicated by Rhesus Immunization
Authors: Aickin D. R. , Beischer N.A , Brown J. B. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Urinary oestriol measurements were performed in 239 rhesus immunized patients with rhesus positive infants. Oestriol excretion was low in 31 of the 55 pregnancies (56%) resulting in perinatal deaths, including 17 of the 26 in which the fetus was hydropic at birth. When oestriol excretion was low the perinatal mortality rate was 65% (31 of 48). When the fetus had severe erythroblastosis, oestriol assays sometimes provided useful extra information when amniotic fluid bilirubin was unexpectedly low.The important conclusion from this study was that low oestriol excretion was an accurate index for selection of the fetus in jeopardy in rhesus immunized patients, although normal oestriol values did not guarantee that the fetus was in good condition.
Oestriol Excretion in the Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Evans J. H. , Taft H. P. , Rome R. M. , Brown J. B. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Urinary oestriol excretion was studied throughout 93 diabetic pregnancies. Low levels of excretion (38%) were common to all clinical categories of diabetes and were not influenced by either the duration or severity of the disease.The overall perinatal loss was 13%; the incidence was 7% in patients with normal excretion values and 23% in those with low values. Six of the 8 deaths associated with low oestriol excretion occurred after birth and all were due to the respiratory distress syndrome. Low assays may warn of impending intra‐uterine death, but intervention may not be possible. A normal excretion level should not, however, permit a complacent attitude.
Simple Vulvectomy—A 10‐Year Review
Authors: Abell David A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: A review of 16 cases of simple vulvectomy performed at The Royal Women's Hospital in the 10‐year period from 1959 to 1968 is presented. This operation finds its place in gynaecology following accurate and thorough diagnostic techniques, and close liaison between gynaecologist and pathologist. In some patients, simple vulvectomy affords the prime method of treatment, although in the majority it falls second to conservative attempts at management which have failed, particularly in the condition of lichen sclerosis et atrophicus.The reported high incidence of recurrence of pathology after simple vulvectomy was not confirmed.
The Correlation of Fetal, Placental and Maternal Weight with Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Macafee C. A. J. , Beischer N. A. , Willis M. M. , Wood C. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: A 50 g. oral glucose tolerance test was performed at 32 weeks of gestation in 1,000 consecutive antenatal patients, 10 (1%) of whom were found to have gestational diabetes.The incidence of plasma glucose levels above the ninetieth percentile at any time during a glucose tolerance test was not increased in patients who were delivered of infants weighing 4,000 g. or more at birth.When the maternal weight was above the ninetieth percentile there was a significant increase in the incidence of high fasting plasma glucose levels (P<0.01) but the values were not increased at 1, 2 or 3 hours.There was no correlation between elevated plasma glucose levels and increased placental weight. The association between placental insufficiency (weight below the tenth percentile) and hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose below the tenth percentile) requires further investigation.
Studies on Scrum OestradioI‐17‐β in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancies — Preliminary Results
Authors: Dawood M. Yusoff , Chan Tanny , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Serum oestradiol‐17‐β was measured by a radioimmunoassay method as described by Hotchkiss et al. (1971), using antiserum against 6‐oxo‐oestradiol succinyl bovine serum albumin conjugate raised in sheep. One hundred and fifty‐eight determinations of serum oestradiol were performed on normal pregnancy cases between the 30th and 42nd weeks of gestation. Serial serum oestradiols were assayed in 5 cases of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in the third trimester. Serum oestradiol‐17‐β rose from a mean value of 12.01 ± 3.80ng./ml. (± 1 S.D.) at 30 weeks of gestation to a peak of 66.72 ± 31.39 ng./ml. (±1 S.D.) at 40 weeks. Thereafter serum oestradiol fell to 66.02 ± 26.48 ng./ml. (± 1 S.D.) at 41 weeks and 42.77 ± 18.53 ng./ml. (± 1 S.D.) at 42 weeks of gestation.In 3 out of 5 cases of severe hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, which ended in delivery of normal healthy babies, serial serum oestradiol fell within the range of values for normal pregnancy. In 2 hypertensive cases, where the babies showed evidence of intrauterine growth retardation, serial serum oestradiol values were consistently below the range of serum oestradiol for normal pregnancy. Thus serum oestradiol 17‐β could be a useful indicator of fetal well‐being in pregnancies complicated by hypertension.
The Use of Bethanidine in Severe Hypertension in Pregnancy
Authors: Michael Con 
Published: February 2008

Summary:Seventy‐six patients with severe hypertensive disease of pregnancy were treated with oral bethanidine. Control of the blood pressure resulted in prolongation of the pregnancy. The perinatal mortality was 9.2%. It is emphasised that adequate treatment with a hypotensive agent provides protection to the mother from the dangers and sequelae of hypertensive disease of pregnancy.
Congenital Heart Disease and Pregnancy in the Tropics
Authors: Ong H. C. , Puraviappan A. P. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:A review of 28 patients with pregnancy associated with congenital heart disease showed the absence of significant adverse influence of the lesions described on maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The incidence of 0.2% is comparable to reports from Western Countries. It is suggested that the generally benign nature of this complication in pregnancy was related to the presence of a number of favourable factors in our patients; these factors are discussed.
Anencephaly in One of Twins Diagnosed by Ultrasonic Echography
Authors: Fisher C. C. , Garrett W. J. , Kossoff G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:Multiple pregnancy with 1 anencephalic twin is uncommon (De Sa et al., 1964), and its diagnosis by ultrasonic echography has not previously been reported. The present case report illustrates the limitations of radiology in diagnosing this condition in early pregnancy. The advantages of ultrasound in such cases is demonstrated and the reason discussed.
Some Studies with Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone in Amenorrhoeic and Anovulatory Patients
Authors: Matthews C. D. , Cox L. W. , Symons R. G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) has been used to investigate the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis of 25 amenorrhoeic patients with a variety of clinical disorders. The results suggest that studies with GnRH alone do not allow a confident distinction between hypothalamic and pituitary causes for amenorrhoea, because of the close interdependence of the axis.The gonadotrophic responses to a combination of clomiphene and GnRH have been assessed in a group of 9 infertile patients who have consistently failed to ovulate with clomiphene alone. It is proposed that with the availability of GnRH and of sensitive assays for follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones, the clinician is in an improved position to evaluate the correct choice of agent to induce ovulation, and to explain some failures of therapy.
The Relationship of Maternal Anaemia and Folate Deficiency to Uterine Haemorrhage during Pregnancy and Fetal Malformation
Authors: Fleming A. F. , Martin J. D. , Stenhouse N. S. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Haematological observations were made on 381 women at their first attendance at the antenatal clinic: 42 subsequently had uterine haemorrhage (abortion, antepartum or postpartum haemorrhage) and 8 gave birth to congenitally malformed infants. These 42 patients (prospective study) and 166 other patients seen for the first time after uterine haemorrhage (retrospective study) have been compared with 331 pregnant controls.The incidence of folate deficiency did not differ significantly between the control patients and those whose pregnancies were complicated by haemorrhage or congenital malformations. The serum folate was higher in patients after inevitable abortion than in those in whom the pregnancy was continuing. In patients with inevitable abortion, the mean serum folate was lower when there was associated significant bacteriuria, but, as the red cell folate was not decreased, long‐standing folate deficiency was excluded.Previous pregnancy anaemia frequently recurred and was associated with a strong tendency for women with threatened abortion to go on to complete abortion. Correlations between the number of previous abortions and hypochromic microcytic red cells in the study pregnancy — especially when complicated by bacteriuria — supported the view that chronic anaemia, with or without renal tract disease, contributed to reproductive inefficiency, in particular through spontaneous abortion.The mean haemoglobin was significantly higher in those women who later delivered malformed infants, possibly because of blood volume differences in abnormal pregnancies.
A Stress Incontinence Clinic — Review of 5 Years Experience
Authors: Glenning Peter P. , Fliegner John R. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: An analysis has been made of the results of treatment of a series of 142 patients seen in a stress incontinence clinic. The problems of accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are discussed with particular reference to the differential diagnosis of stress and urge incontinence. Results of treatment have been analysed and show the relatively poor long‐term results for vaginal repair operations.Alternative forms of surgery are discussed and abdomino‐urethral suspension is advocated as the treatment for recurrent stress incontinence and also for the primary treatment of stress incontinence where prolapse is minimal or where continued long‐term increased intra‐abdominal strains are present.
Malignant Brenner Tumour
Authors: McKenna H. , Ansford A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: A case of Brenner tumour is described in which the diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of transitional cell nests with cystic areas and mucoid change in a mature fibrous stroma.The locally infiltrative nature of the tumour, its recurrence, and histological appearance confirm its malignant nature; the lack of metastasis and reasonably long survival suggest the malignancy was of intermediate degree.The history of the patient suggests that the biological behaviour of a low grade papillary transitional cell carcinoma within a Brenner tumour may follow that of urothelial tumours of similar grade within the urinary bladder.
Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity in Pregnancy with Particular Reference to Pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Condie Roy G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: In an attempt to define the role of an altered fibrinolytic mechanism in the pathogenesis and pathology of pre‐eclampsia, a prospective study was carried out on 60 primigravidae at intervals throughout pregnancy.Forty remained normal, 11 were deemed to have excessive weight gain, and 12 developed pre‐eclampsia (including 3 from the high weight gain group).A venous stasis stress test was applied at each sampling, and plasminogen activator levels were assayed in peripheral venous and cord venous plasma.The high weight gain group showed no differences from the group whose pregnancies remained normal.Release of activator from venous endothelium under stress was significantly impaired by the 20th week of gestation in the patients who subsequently developed pre‐eclampsia. Furthermore, there was a delay in return to normal fibrinolytic activity after placental expulsion, and the mean cord activator level was lower in these patients.
Laparoscopic Ventrosuspension
Authors: Tsakok F. H. M. , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Laparoscopic ventrosuspension using the Wolf's laparoscope and 25 cm Rumel's thoracic artery forceps is described. The procedure was performed on 80 patients where laparoscopic investigation was required for diagnosis of subfertility or intractable backache.The findings of note were endometriosis and sclerotic ovaries.The commonest complication of the procedure was sinus formation at the inguinal wounds; this problem resolved after a minor technical modification.After the procedure pregnancy occurred in 14 of 65 infertile patients; however, in only one patient was this the sole treatment. Retroversion was corrected in all patients to date. Other beneficial effects are discussed, including simplicity in technique and short hospitalization.