bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with quality of Postnatal Care in Kenya: An analysis of the 2022 Kenya demographic and health survey
Authors: Nuwabaine Lilian , Namulema Angella , Sserwanja Quraish , Kawuki Joseph , Amperiize Mathius , Amwiine Earnest , Nakate Mary Grace , Asiimwe John Baptist 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Despite the relevance of the postnatal period (PNC) to the survival of the mother and the newborn, there is limited research exploring the quality of postnatal care received by the mothers during this period. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the quality of PNC, using the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS).
Methods
In this study, secondary data from the KDHS of 2022 were analyzed, comprising 11,863 women, aged 15 to 49 years. The quality of PNC was indicated as receiving all components of postnatal care in the first two days after childbirth. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the factors associated with the quality of PNC, using SPSS, version 20.
Results
Out of the 11,863 women, 39% (95% CI: 37.0-40.9) had received all components of postnatal care in the first two days after childbirth. Additionally, older women aged 35- 49 years (AOR 1.88, 95%CI: 1.07-3.29), those who made decisions to seek health care jointly (AOR 1.48, 95%CI: 1.18-1.85), those who owned a telephone (AOR 1.36, 95%CI: 1.05-1.76), women who received quality antenatal care (AOR 4.62, 95%CI: 3.69-5.76), older women aged 30-34 years at the time of their first childbirth (AOR 2.25, 95%CI: 1.11-4.55), those who gave birth through cesarean section birth (AOR 1.93, 95%CI: 1.49-2.49), gave birth at public health facilities (AOR 1.69, 95%CI: 1.01-2.82) and those who received quality intrapartum care (AOR 1.87, 95%CI: 1.43-2.43) were more likely to receive quality postnatal care. On the other hand, women from other provinces of Kenya i.e. Western (AOR 0.51, 95%CI: 0.33-0.80), and Rift Valley (AOR 0.57, 95%CI: 0.39-0.81), those who gave birth to female children (AOR 0.75, 95%CI: 0.61-0.91) and those who reported to have not been respected at all times during their hospital stay (AOR 0.49, 95%CI: 0.29-0.82) were less likely to receive quality postnatal care.
Conclusion
The proportion of mothers receiving quality postnatal care was found to be low. The study also highlights the need to continue encouraging mothers to attend numerous ANC visits. Moreover, emphasis should be placed on providing quality ANC, intrapartum care, and respectful maternity care by health workers. Targeted interventions to increase access to quality PNC may need to focus on young mothers, mothers living in certain regions of Kenya, and those giving birth to female babies, most especially at private facilities, and through vaginal birth.
Tetanus Infection in an 11-Year-Old Male with Full Infant Vaccination History: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Akello Fridah , Achen Sharon , Najjuma Flavia , Musiime Victor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Tetanus is a potentially life-threatening neurologic disorder caused by the toxin-producing bacterium Clostridium tetani. Primary prevention is achieved through vaccination, typically administered during infancy, however, breakthrough cases of tetanus in fully immunized individuals, especially in pediatric populations have been noted posing unique challenges for diagnosis and management. Uganda currently does not provide the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended 3 dose Tetanus Toxoid (TT) booster at ages 12–23 months, 4–7 years and 9–15 years. This case report focuses on an unusual instance of an 11-year-old male who, despite having received complete vaccinations in infancy, manifested with symptoms consistent with tetanus.
Case presentation
An 11-year-old male Muganda was referred to Mulago National Referral Hospital's Acute Care Unit from a peripheral health facility with worsening backache, trismus, difficulty swallowing, and heightened sensitivity to touch and noise. On admission, he presented with severe pain, an arched back, and frequent muscle spasms indicative of tetanus, despite a history of complete vaccination during infancy. The patient received intravenous metronidazole, alternate diazepam, and chlorpromazine, leading to a steady improvement in symptoms after which he was discharged on day 29.
Conclusion
This case underscores the critical necessity of remaining vigilant for tetanus, even in individuals with a documented history of full immunization at infancy. Additionally, this scenario highlights the pressing need for reviews of vaccination policies in regions where WHO-recommended booster doses are not currently integrated into routine immunization schedules. Emphasizing adherence to these booster doses is paramount to enhancing tetanus immunity throughout childhood and adolescence.
Histopathologic patterns of skin cancer and associated factors in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, South West Ethiopia: Retrospective study
Authors: Yeshiwas Birtukan Ewunetu , Kedir Abdo , Zewdu Yohannes 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Skin cancer is a major global public health problem and the incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. However, the data about the pattern in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. This study aims to determine histopathologic patterns of skin cancer and associated factors in patients with skin cancer.
Method and materials
A retrospective cross-sectional study was done with a review of 207 biopsies that were histologically diagnosed as skin cancer at the Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) between August 2018 and August 2022. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 26 and descriptive and analytic studies were done. For all statistical significance tests, p < 0.05 and AOR with 95% CI were used. Logistic regression with multivariate analysis was done to identify independent predictor factors and determine the association between variables.
Results
The majority of skin cancer occurred in the 7th decade 49 (23.7%)) with a mean age of 50 ± 16.1 with slight female predominance 109 (52.7%). The commonest site for skin cancer was lower extremity 113 (54.6%) and ulceration 162 (78.3%) was the most common presenting symptom. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 98 (47.3%) was the commonest skin cancer followed by cutaneous melanoma (CM) 50 (24.2%). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 13 (6.3%) was 5th skin cancer. Using the lower extremity as a reference group, head and neck skin cancer cases had an AOR of 6.03 being involved by Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (CI: 2.23–16.31, P = 0.000) and trunk skin cancer cases had AOR of 9.204 (CI: 1.16- 73, p = 0.036) being involved by NMSC.
Conclusion
NMSC was 3 times more common than MSC. The most common type of skin cancer is SCC followed by CM but BCC is a rare skin cancer. In contrast to Western and Asian countries, the lower extremity was the most common site for skin cancer which indicates differences in predisposing factors in different areas. Overall, the Lower extremity was the most common site of involvement. There is a statistically significant association between anatomic site and incidence of NMSC which warrants further study.
Origin and diversification of Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae): inferences from a phylogenetic study based on matK sequences
Authors: Xie Zhaoqi , Fan Siqing , Xu Junyu , Xiao Haijing , Yang Jiaxin , Guo Min , Cheng Chunsong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In the realm of Aquilaria classification and grading, a persistent market uncertainty persists, questioning whether the basis should be geographical distribution or biological origin. In this study, our goal is to shed light on the origin and diversification of the Aquilaria genera. We collected and analyzed a total of 320 specimens belonging to 25 species within the Aquilaria genera. Noteworthy findings include observed leaf similarities among three distinct species—A. yunnanensis, A. sinensis, and A. beccariana. Further results emphasize the effectiveness of matK molecular markers in differentiating Aquilaria species, leveraging 8 stable polymorphic loci. The integration of matK and trnL-trnF not only validates this efficacy but also streamlines the systematic categorization of 34 agarwood products. Delving into the evolutionary status and genetic background of Aquilaria, this study employs molecular clock analyses, revealing four distinct pedigrees: the Chinese pedigree 1 and 2, the Indonesian pedigree, and the Indochina pedigree, aligning with A. sinensis, A. malaccensis, and A. cumingiana, respectively. Notably, we identified A. sinensis and A. malacca as part of the youngest branch of Aquilaria evolution, with A. hirta emerging as the oldest member dating back to 6.78 million years ago. Furthermore, the research challenges previous assumptions by reevaluating G. walla, placing it at 5.75 million years ago, and suggesting its incorporation within the Aquilaria genus rather than considering it as an early divergent species.
Study on Microbial Diversity of Clothing in Maternal and Infant Population
Authors: Yuan Shai , Yang Xiao , Zhao Zhenyao , Yao Su , Pang Lingling , Kang Jiali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

With the improvement of Chinese people's living standards, the maintenance of infants and young children is becoming more and more sophisticated. Coupled with the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in the past few years, mother-to-child families have paid unprecedented attention and expectations to household appliances with sterilization and disinfection functions. In addition to washing machines as household clothing care equipment, clothing care machines with further sterilization, drying, and disinfection functions for infant and young children's clothing are gradually entering households, especially in southern China during the rainy season. In order to thoroughly solve the problem of sterilization of clothing from the source, the distribution of microbial contamination of clothing should be fully investigated. At present, there are few systematic studies on microbial community structure in clothing in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the microbial community structure in Chinese maternal and infant household clothing and explore the key factors affecting the microbial community structure of clothing. A plate culture method and a high-throughput sequencing technology are utilized to comprehensively analyze the community structure of the microorganism in the clothes of the mother and infant. The Chao and Shannon index were used as indicators to explore the key factors affecting the microbial community structure of clothing by one-way analysis of variance. In this study, 149 strains of microorganisms were isolated from 24 clothing samples of mothers and infants, including 102 strains of bacteria, covering 16 genera. The bacteria with higher isolation frequency and wider distribution were Staphylococcus and Micrococcus, Moraxella; 47 strains of fungi covering 24 genera were isolated and the fungi with higher isolation frequency and wider distribution were Cladosporium, Alteraria, Rhodotorula. At present, the sterilization technology of clothing care machine has not been fully investigated in combination with the distribution of clothing microorganisms. Based on the specific distribution of microorganisms in clothing and the types of microorganisms contained, clothing care machines can provide more targeted sterilization treatment for clothing. This study will help to thoroughly address the sterilization and disinfection of microorganisms in clothing from the source.
P2X7-receptor binding in new-onset and secondary progressive MS – a [11C]SMW139 PET study
Authors: Lehto Jussi , Aarnio Richard , Tuisku Jouni , Sucksdorff Marcus , Koivumäki Esa Mikko , Nylund Marjo , Helin Semi , Rajander Johan , Danon Jonathan , Gilchrist Jayson , Kassiou Michael , Oikonen Vesa , Airas Laura 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
PET imaging of activated microglia has improved our understanding of the pathology behind disability progression in MS, and pro-inflammatory microglia at ‘smoldering’ lesion rims have been implicated as drivers of disability progression. The P2X7R is upregulated in the cellular membranes of activated microglia. A single-tissue dual-input model was applied to quantify P2X7R binding in the normal appearing white matter, perilesional areas and thalamus among progressive MS patients, healthy controls and newly diagnosed relapsing MS patients.
Results
Overall, tracer uptake in the MS brain was not significantly higher compared to HCs. In the 3 mm perilesional rim of all T1 lesions, tracer binding was higher among relapsing patients compared to progressive patients. Tracer binding was higher in males compared to females. Disease duration correlated with tracer binding in the normal appearing white matter. Age correlated negatively with tracer binding in the perilesional rims.
Conclusions
Binding estimates obtained with the dual-input model were consistent with the expected distribution of P2X7Rs in the MS brain. According to our study, [11C]SMW139-binding may capture a glial cell phenotype significant in early development of chronic active lesions in relapsing stages of MS. Only tentative evidence for the applicability of [11C]SMW139 to detect MS-related diffuse smoldering inflammation was obtained.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Catalytic Conversion Processes for Biomass to Biofuels: Innovations in Catalyst Development and Pathways towards Sustainable Energy Solutions
Authors: Alqarni Areej 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With the global imperative to transition towards renewable energy sources, the study focuses on agricultural residues as a biomass feedstock, evaluating the efficacy of novel catalysts compared to commercial counterparts. Through meticulous preparation and characterization of the catalysts, the study elucidates their superior physicochemical properties, which contribute to a significant increase in biofuel yield—35% (w/w) with synthesized catalysts versus 20% (w/w) with commercial ones. The conversion process's optimization was evidenced by a higher proportion of desirable hydrocarbons and a reduced presence of oxygenates in the biofuel composition, as analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Environmental and economic impact assessments, including life cycle analysis (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA), demonstrated the process's potential to halve greenhouse gas emissions and remain economically viable under competitive biomass costs. Statistical analysis confirmed the reproducibility and significance of the results, underscoring the synthesized catalysts' efficiency and selectivity. The findings highlight the potential of catalytic biomass conversion as a sustainable pathway to biofuel production, contributing to the reduction of reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change impacts. Future research directions include catalyst optimization, process scaling, and integration into existing bioenergy frameworks to enhance the feasibility of biomass-derived biofuels as a renewable energy source.
Association Between Consultation Themes and Suicidal Ideation Among Callers to the Hangzhou Mental Health Hotline: A Gender-Stratified Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Deyuan , Wei Yating , Chen Qiuxia , Fu Xiaonv , Song Haidong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective: This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the association between consultation themes and suicidal ideation among callers to the Hangzhou Mental Health Hotline using data from 128,245 hotline calls made between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2023. The study specifically focuses on gender disparities in this association. Methods: The study analyzed hotline calls, distinguishing between those with and without suicidal ideation. Propensity score matching was employed for group comparability, and logistic regression explored the link between consultation themes and suicidal ideation, adjusting for confounders. A gender-stratified analysis aimed to identify gender-specific patterns.
Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation among callers was 9.6%, with a higher incidence observed among females (54.1%) and individuals aged 10-19 years (25.5%). Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between consultation themes and suicidal ideation. Mental health issues (OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 2.90-3.11), romantic relationship dilemmas (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.78-2.01), and marital/family problems (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.70-1.93) were strongly linked to suicidal ideation. Additionally, physical illness discussions had a significantly higher association with suicidal ideation in females (OR = 5.87, 95% CI: 3.46-9.94) than in males (OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.95-4.31). Notably, consultations on sexual issues were inversely associated with suicidal ideation in males (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.06-0.20), providing a protective effect. However , work-related issues were significantly associated with suicidal ideation in females (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.52-3.13), indicating increased vulnerability in this demographic.
Conclusion: The study’s results indicate a notable link between specific consultation themes and suicidal ideation, with the highest risks associated with mental health issues, relationship dilemmas, and family problems. Gender differences were pronounced, highlighting the need for gender-sensitive approaches in addressing suicidal ideation, especially regarding physical illness and work-related stress. The findings suggest that targeted interventions in hotline services could significantly impact suicide prevention, particularly for high-risk groups.
Advancing NB-IoT Communication: Performance Analysis and Novel Gap-Aware Hybrid Scheduling for Delay-Sensitive Devices
Authors: TRABELSI Salem , GONTARA Salah , BOUGHARRIOU Sana , MTIBAA Abdellatif 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The explosive growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications has driven the development of specialized communication technologies to cater to diverse device needs. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is a promising low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology designed to support massive machine-type communication (MTC) with tolerant delay transmission. However, MTC presents new challenges for NB-IoT, especially in meeting the very low latency and high reliability requirements. It is important to understand which techniques, such as scheduling and resource allocation, enable low-delay applications to meet their goals. To accomplish these tasks, this paper uses realistic simulations within a variety of traffic scenarios, focusing on scheduling uplink data and resource allocation management. We discuss (1) the components contributing to the Quality of Service (QoS) for NB-IoT devices, (2) evaluate the performance of prioritized scheduling schemes and resource unit (RU) configuration for uplink transmission modes, point out potential improvements to reduce the latency for delay-sensitive devices, and (3) implement and evaluate a novel hybrid scheduling solution called the Gap Aware Hybrid Scheduling (GAHUS) Algorithm. We have developed a solution to enhance network efficiency and prioritize sensitive-delay devices to meet their QoS requirements. Using methods like simulations, comparisons, and performance evaluations, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in assigning free resource gaps created during long uplink transmissions. GAHUS enables handling massive MTC traffic while ensuring reliable performance for delay-sensitive devices by minimizing rejections and delays.
Disinfectants efficacy in reducing pathogens related to health-care infection associated in universities hospitals of Gorgan, Noth of Iran
Authors: Golfiroozi Saeed , Fashayi Fateme , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Shahryar Ali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Disinfection have a fundamental role in the control of pathogens in the hospital environment. This study was designed to assess the efficacy and functional impact of disinfectants in reducing pathogens related to healthcare infection associated (HIAs) in hospitals.
Methods
This observation study was conducted at three university hospitals in Gorgan, Iran, from May to Oct 2023. The data including used disinfectants and microbiological examination were obtained from the infection control unit of each hospital.
Results
The results showed that a variety of disinfectants from intermediate to high levels were employed in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) protocols. The microbial result revealed that 31.6% (286 out of 906) of the sample had at least one microorganism. Among identified organisms, Bacillus spp. were the predominant species followed by Staphylococcus epidermis, fungus genera, Enterobacter spp., Entrococci spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter spp., Corynebacterium spp., Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Serratias spp. The highest prevalence rates of microorganisms were observed in the wards of ICU, emergency, internal, and women. The chi-square test revealed a significant relationship between the presence of organism’s and hospital wards (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The presence of pathogens indicates a defect in the disinfection process, probably due to both little attention to disinfection protocols and resistance to multidrugs. It is not yet possible to eliminate pathogens from the hospital environment, but it can be minimized by education intervention, standardizing disinfecting processes, and monitoring by the infection control committee.
Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimation of EV Penetration
Authors: Chhetri Abhay , Saini Devender Kumar , Yadav Monika , Pal Nitai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The escalating threat of global warming poses a formidable challenge to sustainability, necessitating a transformative shift in the transportation sector. A pivotal solution lies in transitioning from conventional fuel-based vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) to curtail global warming and unlock significant social and economic benefits. However, this transition is far from straightforward and consists of many challenges, with a major concern being the accurate estimation of the EV population on our roads. Many parameters influence EV adoption, making it crucial to gauge the potential number of EVs on the road. To address this, our study delves into the depths of machine learning (ML), conducting a study to estimate the EV penetration of the Uttarakhand region in India by employing different ML algorithms, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), decision trees, artificial neural networks (ANN), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN). After the estimation of EV penetration, an approach to determine the energy and power requirements in the grid infrastructure is shown, considering the domestic EV charging scenario. The study shows that the SVM and ANN algorithms can be used for the estimation of EV penetration, achieving a higher R-square score of 0.979 and 0.978 respectively, with less root mean square error (RMSE).