bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TALE OF TWO EPISCOPAL SURVEYS: THE STRANGE FATES OF EDMUND GRINDAL AND CUTHBERT MAYNE REVISITED
Authors: Lake Peter 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThis article seeks to relate the course of Edmund Grindal's disgrace to the formulation and enforcement of policy against catholics. It argues that the two were integrally related and that the nature of that interrelationship can be seen as a function of certain manoeuvres and debates about a range of issues involving the queen and her councillors and bishops and indeed members of the wider regime. The resulting exchanges were conducted in terms of the nature and relative significance of the popish and puritan threats. The aim here is to reveal the dynamics of the resulting mode of ideological politics and to show how very serious differences of approach, priority and world view could be both canvassed and contained within the consensual mechanisms and assumptions of the Elizabethan regime. Through a close analysis of one political moment the paper also hopes to demonstrate the extent to which a series of conventionally separately told stories – about ecclesiastical affairs, about foreign policy, about puritans and about catholics, about both court and local politics – need to be seen as parts of a unitary political narrative or process, the nature of which this paper is an attempt to reveal.
WRITING WAR: AUTOBIOGRAPHY, MODERNITY AND WARTIME NARRATIVE IN NATIONALIST CHINA, 1937–1946
Authors: Mitter Rana 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe Sino-Japanese War of 1937–45 was perhaps the single most destructive event in twentieth-century Chinese history. However, there has been relatively little attention paid to how war was experienced in the Nationalist-controlled area (‘Free China’) under Chiang Kaishek. Two autobiographical texts are examined here, one a sequence of reportage from the early war years by the journalist Du Zhongyuan, and one abiji(notebook) written immediately after the war's end by the social scientist Xu Wancheng. By choosing particular modern or anti-modern genres and styles to write in, the authors expressed a wider sentiment about the war's ambiguous role in modernising China. Du's work hopes to create modernity from destruction; Xu's suggests that modern warfare has created chaos.
The symmetric cross-cap number of the groups Cm × Dn
Authors: Gordejuela J. J. Etayo , Martínez E. 
Published: November 2008

Every finite group G acts as an automorphism group of some non-orientable Klein surfaces without boundary. The minimal genus of these surfaces is called the symmetric cross-cap number and denoted by $\tilde{\sigma}(G)$. This number is related to other parameters defined on surfaces as the symmetric genus and the strong symmetric genus.The systematic study of the symmetric cross-cap number was begun by C. L. May, who also calculated it for certain finite groups. Here we obtain the symmetric cross-cap number for the groups Cm × Dn. As an application of this result, we obtain arithmetic sequences of integers which are the symmetric cross-cap number of some group. Finally, we recall the several different genera of the groups Cm × Dn.
Geographic intraspecific variation in buoyancy within Antarctic notothenioid fishes
Authors: Near Thomas J. , Jones Christopher D. , Eastman Joseph T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe investigated intraspecific geographic variation in buoyancy by obtaining percentage buoyancy (%B) measurements for the Antarctic notothenioid speciesPleuragramma antarcticum,Trematomus hansoni,T. bernacchiiandGymnodraco acuticepsfrom both McMurdo Sound in East Antarctica and the South Shetland Islands in West Antarctica. Mean percentage buoyancies in these species ranged from 0.22–0.52% in the neutrally buoyantP. antarcticumto 3.34–3.67% in the benthicT. bernacchii. Dispersion (1 standard deviation) of percentage buoyancy (%B) values around the mean was ± 0.2–0.5 %B units for the entire sample. Although intraspecific differences in mean percentage buoyancy were statistically significant (P < 0.05) inP. antarcticumandT. hansoni, we consider these differences as normal variation without substantive biological significance. The dispersion in buoyancy measurements during adult life reflects the density of the fish and this may be influenced, in both the short- and long-term, by gut contents, nutritional condition, and reproductive state. Mitigation of the effects of these variables is not biologically realistic because they constitute normal aspects of the daily and yearly life cycles. The results of our measurements of buoyancy are consistent with what is known about the ecology of these four species and this is considered in the discussion.
Coronary vasomotor and blood flow responses to isoflavone-intact soya protein in subjects with coronary heart disease or risk factors for coronary heart disease
Authors: Webb Carolyn M. , Hayward Christopher S. , Mason Mark J. , Ilsley Charles D. , Collins Peter 
Published: November 2008

Results in animals suggest favourable coronary vasomotor actions of isoflavones; however, the effects of isoflavones on the human coronary circulation have not been determined. In the present study, we therefore investigated the effects of short-term isoflavone-intact soya protein ingestion on basal coronary arterial tone and stimulated vasoreactivity and blood flow in patients with CHD (coronary heart disease) or risk factors for CHD. Seventy-one subjects were randomized, double-blind, to isoflavone-intact soya protein [active; n=33, aged 58±8 years (mean±S.D.)] or isoflavone-free placebo (n=38, aged 61±8 years) for 5 days prior to coronary angiography. In 25 of these subjects, stimulated coronary blood flow was calculated from flow velocity, measured using intracoronary Doppler and coronary luminal diameter before and after intracoronary adenosine, ACh (acetylcholine) and ISDN (isosorbide dinitrate) infusions. Basal and stimulated coronary artery luminal diameters were measured using quantitative coronary angiography. Serum concentrations of the isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol were increased by active treatment (P&lt;0.001, P&lt;0.001 and P=0.03 respectively). Basal mean luminal diameter was not significantly different between groups (active compared with placebo: 2.9±0.7 compared with 2.73±0.44 mm, P=0.31). There was no difference in luminal diameter, flow velocity and volume flow responses to adenosine, ACh or ISDN between groups. Active supplement had no effect on basal coronary artery tone or stimulated coronary vasoreactivity or blood flow compared with placebo. Our results suggest that short-term consumption of isoflavone-intact soya protein is neither harmful nor beneficial to the coronary circulation of humans with CHD or risk factors for CHD. These results are consistent with recent cautions placed on the purported health benefits of plant sterols.
Translating social science
Authors: Price Joshua M. 
Published: November 2008

Dedicated to the memory of Daniel SimeoniInsufficient attention has been paid in Translation Studies to the challenges particular to translating social scientific texts. Of the few who have taken up the topic, Immanuel Wallerstein has argued that one of the distinguishing characteristics of social scientific texts is that they traffic in concepts. Wallerstein wants the translation of social science to further the possibility of a universal conversation in the social sciences. I argue that a universal conversation in the social sciences is neither possible nor desirable. Instead, this article proposes that translating social science can contribute to conceptual clarification and elaboration. In this way, the translation may complement and further the flowering of the ‘original’ concept. The essay concludes with an extended example—how ‘bewilderment’ might be translated into Spanish.
Technological and Nutritional Properties of Flours and Tortillas from Nixtamalized and Extruded Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Dorado R. , Ayala‐Rodríguez A. E. , Milán‐Carrillo J. , López‐Cervantes J. , Garzón‐Tiznado J. A. , López‐Valenzuela J. A. , Paredes‐López O. , Reyes‐Moreno C. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTNixtamalized and extruded flours from quality protein maize (QPM, V‐537C) and tortillas made from them were evaluated for some technological and nutritional properties and compared with the commercial brand MASECA. Both QPM flours showed higher (P < 0.05) protein content, total color difference, pH, available lysine, and lower (P < 0.05) total starch content, Hunter L value, water absorption index, gelatinization enthalpy, resistant starch, and retrograded resistant starch than nixtamalized MASECA flour. Tortillas from nixtamalized and extruded QPM flours had higher contents of essential amino acids than tortillas from MASECA flour, except for leucine. Tortillas from processed QPM flours also showed higher (P < 0.05) values of the nutritional indicators calculated protein efficiency ratio (C‐PER 1.80–1.85 vs. 1.04), apparent and true in vivo protein digestibility (78.4‐79.1 vs. 75.6% and 76.4–77.4 vs. 74.2%, respectively), PER (2.30–2.43 vs. 1.31), net protein retention (NPR; 2.88–2.89 vs. 2.11), and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS; 54–55 vs. 29% based on preschool children and 100 vs. 85% based on adults) than MASECA flour. The use of QPM for flour and tortilla preparation may have a positive effect on the nutritional status of people from countries where these products are widely consumed.
An Inositolphosphorylceramide Synthase Is Involved in Regulation of Plant Programmed Cell Death Associated with Defense inArabidopsis
Authors: Wang Wenming , Yang Xiaohua , Tangchaiburana Samantha , Ndeh Roland , Markham Jennifer E. , Tsegaye Yoseph , Dunn Teresa M. , Wang Guo-Liang , Bellizzi Maria , Parsons James F. , Morrissey Danielle , Bravo Janis E. , Lynch Daniel V. , Xiao Shunyuan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Arabidopsis thaliana resistance gene RPW8 triggers the hypersensitive response (HR) to restrict powdery mildew infection via the salicylic acid–dependent signaling pathway. To further understand how RPW8 signaling is regulated, we have conducted a genetic screen to identify mutations enhancing RPW8-mediated HR-like cell death (designated erh). Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the Arabidopsis erh1 mutant, in which the At2g37940 locus is knocked out by a T-DNA insertion. Loss of function of ERH1 results in salicylic acid accumulation, enhanced transcription of RPW8 and RPW8-dependent spontaneous HR-like cell death in leaf tissues, and reduction in plant stature. Sequence analysis suggests that ERH1 may encode the long-sought Arabidopsis functional homolog of yeast and protozoan inositolphosphorylceramide synthase (IPCS), which converts ceramide to inositolphosphorylceramide. Indeed, ERH1 is able to rescue the yeast aur1 mutant, which lacks the IPCS, and the erh1 mutant plants display reduced (∼53% of wild type) levels of leaf IPCS activity, indicating that ERH1 encodes a plant IPCS. Consistent with its biochemical function, the erh1 mutation causes ceramide accumulation in plants expressing RPW8. These data reinforce the concept that sphingolipid metabolism (specifically, ceramide accumulation) plays an important role in modulating plant programmed cell death associated with defense.
Cellulose Binding Protein from the Parasitic Nematode Heterodera schachtii Interacts with Arabidopsis Pectin Methylesterase: Cooperative Cell Wall Modification during Parasitism
Authors: Hewezi Tarek , Howe Peter , Maier Tom R. , Hussey Richard S. , Mitchum Melissa Goellner , Davis Eric L. , Baum Thomas J. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Plant–parasitic cyst nematodes secrete a complex of cell wall–digesting enzymes, which aid in root penetration and migration. The soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines also produces a cellulose binding protein (Hg CBP) secretory protein. To determine the function of CBP, an orthologous cDNA clone (Hs CBP) was isolated from the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii, which is able to infect Arabidopsis thaliana. CBP is expressed only in the early phases of feeding cell formation and not during the migratory phase. Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing Hs CBP developed longer roots and exhibited enhanced susceptibility to H. schachtii. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified Arabidopsis pectin methylesterase protein 3 (PME3) as strongly and specifically interacting with Hs CBP. Transgenic plants overexpressing PME3 also produced longer roots and exhibited increased susceptibility to H. schachtii, while a pme3 knockout mutant showed opposite phenotypes. Moreover, CBP overexpression increases PME3 activity in planta. Localization studies support the mode of action of PME3 as a cell wall–modifying enzyme. Expression of CBP in the pme3 knockout mutant revealed that PME3 is required but not the sole mechanism for CBP overexpression phenotype. These data indicate that CBP directly interacts with PME3 thereby activating and potentially targeting this enzyme to aid cyst nematode parasitism.
Improved quality of life for romiplostim‐treated patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura: results from two randomized, placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: George James N. , Mathias Susan D. , Go Ronald S. , Guo Matthew , Henry David H. , Lyons Roger , Redner Robert L. , Rice Lawrence , Schipperus Martin R. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryHealth‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is a major concern for adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) due to the symptoms associated with the disease and its treatment. This study utilized the ITP‐patient assessment questionnaire (ITP‐PAQ), a specialized HRQoL questionnaire for ITP, to investigate the humanistic burden of ITP and the impact of romiplostim therapy on HRQoL in two, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 clinical trials of splenectomized and non‐splenectomized patients. ITP‐PAQ was self‐administered to ITP patients at baseline, and weeks 4, 12 and 24 of treatment. Splenectomized patients had lower baseline HRQoL scores than non‐splenectomized patients in seven of 10 scales (P < 0·05). After 24 weeks of romiplostim therapy, splenectomized patients showed significant improvements over placebo in four of 10 ITP‐PAQ Scales (Symptoms, P = 0·0337; Bother, P = 0·0126; Social Activity, P = 0·0145; and Women’s Reproductive Health, P = 0·0184). Non‐splenectomized patients demonstrated significant improvement over placebo in the Activity Scale (P = 0·0458). Data pooled from the two trials, adjusted for splenectomy status, showed significant improvement for romiplostim‐treated patients in six scales; Symptoms, Bother, Activity, Fear, Social Activity and Women’s Reproductive Health. These results suggest that adult patients with chronic ITP have improved HRQoL following romiplostim therapy.
Carnivory and resource‐based niche differentiation in anuran larvae: implications for food web and experimental ecology
Authors: SCHIESARI LUIS , WERNER EARL E. , KLING GEORGE W. 
Published: November 2008

Summary1. Food webs represent the paths of material and energy flow through organisms in an ecosystem. Anuran larvae are important components of pond food webs: they are abundant, consume large quantities of food and serve as prey for many organisms. However, there are very basic uncertainties about the feeding ecology of anuran larvae; for instance, as to which trophic level they belong and whether species differ in resource use. Because anuran larvae have been employed in model systems in experimental ecology for decades, these uncertainties could lead to misinterpretation of published experiments, or inadequate designs of experiments directed at general, conceptual issues in ecology.2. Using13C and15N stable isotope and gut content analyses of free‐ranging and enclosed tadpoles of four ranid species (Lithobates sylvaticus,L. pipiens,L. clamitans,L. catesbeianus) in the food webs of six wetlands, we tested the following null hypotheses: (i) that anuran larvae are strict primary consumers; (ii) that they are non‐selective feeders and therefore exhibit little feeding niche differentiation; (iii) that they are opportunistic consumers and (iv) that their diet remains unchanged through ontogeny.3. All four species consumed and assimilated substantial amounts of animal food; bullfrog larvae, in particular, appear to be predatory. Significant feeding niche differentiation among species occurred with respect to the sources of carbon, consumption of animal matter and nutritional quality of food ingested. We further documented opportunistic feeding habits and ontogenetic shifts in diet.4. Collectively, these studies revealed complex trophic relationships that might require a reconsideration of the role of anuran larvae in pond food webs, as well as a reinterpretation of results of previous studies employing anuran larvae in model experimental systems.
Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of nursing practice environment scale
Authors: Chiang Hui‐Ying , Lin Shu‐Yuan 
Published: November 2008

Aims.  To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Nursing Practice Environment Scale (C‐NPES) translated from the Lake’s Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and to explore nurses’ perceptions of the nursing work environments in TaiwanBackground.  Magnet hospitals are characterised by professional autonomy, control over nursing practice, adequacy of staffing, supportive management and effective interdisciplinary relationships, which are successful in attracting and retaining nurses. In Taiwan, this concept has gained importance since the SARS crisis of 2003. However, there have been limited Chinese instruments based on magnet hospital traits to explore Taiwan’s nursing work environment.Design.  This study was designed as a cross‐sectional survey. Purposive convenience samples of 842 nurses were recruited from five acute hospitals in Taiwan. Internal consistency reliability, content validity using expert review, construct validity using factor analysis and criterion‐related validity were examined.Results.  The Cronbach’s alphas were 0·90 for the total scale and 0·87–0·65 for the subscales. The validity was obtained using a content validity index and principal component analysis of five‐factor structure (variance explained 47·89%). The criterion‐related validity was supportive of the turnover rate (t = 7·84, p < 0·001). The participants disagreed on staffing and resource adequacy and participation in hospital affairs but agreed on professional development.Conclusion.  The preliminary psychometric properties of C‐NPES have been established. Considering cultural appropriateness, the subscales of staffing and participation in hospital affairs need advanced modification.Relevance to clinical practice.  The C‐NPES will provide hospital administrators with an overview of magnet hospital settings for nursing practice. It is beneficial for the stabilisation of the nursing workforce as well as for the optimisation of nursing work environments. Additionally, the use of professional development programs to enhance nurses’ knowledge of SARS prevention is favorable.
A multi‐centre comparison of nursing staff time required for the preparation and administration of liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B deoxycholate vs. voriconazole
Authors: Flynn Elizabeth , Marciniak Anne , Barbabietola Giuliana , Oppenheim Beryl A , Roberts Craig , Barker Kenneth 
Published: November 2008

Aims and objectives.  To compare the nursing time and cost required for preparation and administration of liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B deoxycholate and voriconazole.Design.  Cost comparison study.Methods.  Nurse activities associated with the preparation and administration of the three study drugs were divided into 11 tasks and timed by observers at five hospitals. Target tasks were defined as those likely to be affected by the differences between drugs and excluded those tasks likely to differ owing to site‐specific factors. Mean times for administration of a single day of therapy for each study drug were compared. Costs of preparation and administration of a 14‐day regimen were estimated.Results.  Sixty‐nine patients were observed receiving a total of 256 doses of study medications. Labour times were 20, 16, 14 and 3 minutes per day for liposomal amphotericin B, amphotericin B deoxycholate, intravenous voriconazole and oral voriconazole, respectively. Administration time was significantly lower for intravenous voriconazole compared with liposomal amphotericin B (p < 0·05), and for oral voriconazole compared with all intravenous regimens (p < 0·05). Preparation of medications took the longest time for intravenous formulations and was longer for liposomal amphotericin B than for the other drugs by 3–5 minutes. Average non‐drug costs associated with preparation and administration of a 14‐day regimen were greatest in the amphotericin B deoxycholate arm at US$ 335, followed by liposomal amphotericin B (US$ 310) and voriconazole (US$ 180).Conclusion.  Intravenous voriconazole required less time to prepare and administer on a daily basis than liposomal amphotericin B, and was similar to amphotericin B deoxycholate. Measurements of intravenous vs. oral voriconazole administration suggest the opportunity to save 10–17 minutes per day with the oral formulation.Relevance to clinical practice.  Oral voriconazole may provide significant savings in terms of nursing time compared with intravenous antifungal drugs.
‘I don’t know how we coped before’: a study of respite care for children in the home and hospice
Authors: Eaton Nicola 
Published: November 2008

Aim and objective.  To describe the experiences of families, whose children have life‐limiting and life‐threatening conditions and who have complex healthcare needs, of receiving respite care at home or in a hospice.Background.  Respite provision is an extremely important service in assisting families to cope with the extra stresses and problems of coping with children with complex healthcare needs. There are different issues when the venue is home or a hospice.Design.  Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with families of children with complex healthcare needs, receiving respite care at home or in a hospice.Methods.  A convenience sample of 11 families was interviewed using an interview schedule, exploring their experiences of the service and their views on the service.Results.  The areas of concern identified as significant to all the families were referral to respite service, service organisation, communication, relinquishing control to respite carers and satisfaction with service.Conclusion.  Within the provision of respite care, there needs to be more overt referral systems and criteria, negotiation of appropriate roles, continuity of care, regular assessment of need and acknowledgement of the difficulty, which parents have in relinquishing control to respite carers.Relevance to clinical practice.  High‐quality respite care for families involves more than just organising a respite session. Healthcare professionals organising and providing care could manage a service more effectively, if taking the above issues into consideration.