bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SENSORY PROFILE OF FLAVOR AND ODOR CHARACTERISTICS IN RONCAL CHEESE MADE FROM RAW EWE'S MILK
Authors: LARRÁYOZ PATRICIA , MENDÍA CARLOS , TORRE PALOMA , BARCINA YOLANDA , ORDÓÑEZ ANA ISABEL 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTRoncal cheese is made from raw ovine milk and is regulated by an Appellation of Origin. This cheese variety is quite popular with consumers because of its special properties, which are unlike those of other ewe's‐milk cheeses. To date there have been no studies aimed at characterizing the flavor and odor attributes of Roncal cheese. To remedy this situation, sensory analysis has been performed using Roncal cheese samples collected from artisanal and industrial cheese‐making establishments. The cheeses were made at three different times of year (winter, spring, and summer) and were ripened for four or eight months. Sensory descriptors were generated, and after discussion suitable descriptors for describing and discriminating among Roncal cheese samples were selected by multivariate analysis. In all, 19 descriptors were employed, namely:odor: cream, meat broth, olive, toffee, liquid caramel, toasted, acetic acid, sweat, acidified milk, ammonia, leather, stable straw, wool, and odor intensity.flavor: characteristic flavor, acetic acid, sweat, butyric acid, and flavor intensity.
DETERMINATION OF SENSORY OIL‐WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENTS OF SINGLE AROMA COMPOUNDS COMBINING PANELIST FREE INTENSITY RATING AND THEORETICAL MODELING OF ODOR INTENSITY
Authors: BROSSARD CHANTAL , ROUSSEAU FLORENCE , LLAMAS GENEVIÈVE , DUMONT JEAN‐PIERRE 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTUsing an intensity rating with no external calibration, experiments were designed to measure the sensory oil‐water partition coefficients of four aroma molecules (benzaldehyde, ethyl butyrate, linalool and acetophenone) as the ratios of concentration producing stimuli of equivalent intensities. Flavored water and oil phases were successively assessed for odor intensity by 24 panelists who were given total freedom regarding scaling strategy. Each session combined five concentration levels of three out of the four studied aromas in a solvent (water or oil). A predominant concentration effect was found for each aroma in both solvents and concentration dependencies of perceived intensity above water and oil were similar. Experimental data were modeled with Fechner, Stevens and Hill equations. Combining results above water and oil solutions to feed a common model led to the evaluation of an overall sensory oil‐water partition coefficient for each aroma compound. All three models produced similar partition coefficient values for each aroma that were lower than the related instrumental partition coefficients. Biases previously detected when external calibration had been used were reduced in a large proportion while suggested enhancement of odor intensity by water vapor could not be excluded.
SENSORY PROFILING WITH PROBABILISTIC MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING
Authors: MacKAY DAVID , O'MAHONY MICHAEL 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTVariability is a fundamental characteristic of sensory profile data. Ignoring the variability may result in biased solutions that cannot be improved by the collection of additional data. Probabilistic multidimensional scaling (PMDS) models provide a means of accounting for the variability inherent in sensory data by using distributions, instead of points, to portray sensory objects. For profile data with high levels of variability, the probabilistic model recovers latent structure parameters very well — traditional deterministic MDS models and principal components analyses (PCA) do not. Advantages of the PMDS models include their parsimony, testability and extensibility. Two particularly attractive PMDS attributes are their ability to relate consumers’ expressions of liking to product profiles and their ability to estimate a product's “ perceptual share” from liking and profile data. Used as a criterion with what‐if modeling, perceptual share estimates enable the evaluation of alternative product development strategies.
ODOR PERCEPTION OVER LIQUID EMULSIONS CONTAINING SINGLE AROMA COMPOUNDS: EFFECTS OF AROMA CONCENTRATION AND OIL VOLUME FRACTION
Authors: BROSSARD CHANTAL , ROUSSEAU FLORENCE , LLAMAS GENEVIÈVE , DUMONT JEAN‐PIERRE 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to check the hypothesis that aroma concentration in the aqueous phase of an oil‐in‐water emulsion controlled the odor intensity of single aroma compounds. A set of flavored oil‐in‐water emulsions, prepared according to a 22 experimental design (aroma concentration, oil volume fraction) with two central points, was assessed for odor intensity by a 24‐member panel during four sessions. In each session, three of the four‐studied aroma molecules (benzaldehyde, ethyl butyrate, linalool and acetophenone) were investigated. Whatever the aroma, the experimental data showed that the oil volume fraction of the emulsion (from 0.12 to 0.48) did not influence the odor intensity. For each emulsion composition, aroma concentrations at equilibrium in both phases were calculated using the oil‐water partition coefficient of the compound. Odor intensities, estimated from aroma concentration in the aqueous phase using previously reported modeling of odor intensity above water solutions, were then compared to experimental data. It is confirmed that the perceived odor intensity is governed by the aroma concentration in the aqueous phase at the time of the trial and not by the averaged apparent concentration in the emulsion.
CONSTRUCTION OF SENSORY VOCABULARIES FOR PROFILING FOOD
Authors: NEVISON IAN M. , MUIR D. DONALD 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTSensory profiling laboratories rate products for sets of attributes. Order of tasting and carry‐over effects from sample to sample are widely recognized. However, within samples, work investigating the possibility of effects due to the order of rating attributes and attribute to attribute carry‐over has not been reported. Individual attributes were classified according to whether their presence in a product was perceived to be desirable or not. For both yoghurt and cheese, sample ratings for each attribute were compared when attributes perceived as desirable preceded those perceived as undesirable and vice‐versa. In both stimuli, there was evidence that desirable attributes were biased to a lower value when preceded by undesirable ones. Similarly, negative attributes were biased downwards when preceded by desirable ones. For absolute scores, these effects, albeit small, make randomizing attribute ordering desirable. However, lack of evidence of interactions between samples and attribute ordering suggests comparative differences between samples are unaffected.
ACCEPTABILITY OF MESQUITE AS A FLAVORING AGENT AMONG NATIVE AMERICANS IN ARIZONA
Authors: HALL RICK , HAMPL JEFFREY S , STANTON JULIE V. , MONTE WOODROW C. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTMesquite (Prosopis sp.) is a fast‐growing tree that produces abundant amounts of pods. Although these pods were once part of the diet of Southwest Native Americans, little is known today regarding the acceptability of mesquite flour. We standardized a recipe using mesquite flour with a commercially available ready‐to‐eat cereal product and tested the acceptance of the product with Native American participants (n=84). Participants were asked to complete a food acceptability survey and a food action rating survey to determine taste sensory perception and expected frequency of consumption. Although participants were significantly more likely (P= 0.008) to prefer the cereal without mesquite than with the mesquite added, participants reported favorable acceptability with the cereal, both with and without mesquite flour added. The results of the FACT food frequency survey were positive for both the product with mesquite added and without, with no significant difference (P= 0.07) between the two. These data support the potential for mesquite to be reincorporated as an acceptable ingredient in modern diets of Native Americans.
ATTRIBUTES BELIEVED TO IMPACT FLAVOR: AN OPINION SURVEY
Authors: DELWICHE JEANNINE F. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe definition of “flavor” is a term that appears to vary from one area to the next. A survey was conducted on 140 individuals in various areas of specialization (agriculture, food science, sensory evaluation, and the chemical senses) to see what sensations are thought to be involved in “flavor,” as well as whether there were any differences in definitions across groups. The results demonstrate that while a fairly stable definition of the term does exist, there is some difference in what different groups of expertise mean when they refer to “flavor.”
SENSORY FLAVOR PROFILING AND MAPPING OF REGIONAL VARIETIES OF CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L.)
Authors: PRAKASH MAYA , DATTATREYA ANUPAMA , BHAT K.K. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTSpices and condiments have been considered virtually indispensable in the culinary art. The quality of spices varies depending on the region of cultivation, climatic conditions and storage history. In the present study, coriander from 8 regions of India, labeled as R1 to R8, were examined for sensory quality by conducting threshold test, time‐intensity study and flavor profiling. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to group the samples. Threshold values ranged from 0.010 to 0.035% with R7 showing lower values for threshold (0.010%) followed by R8 (0.020%). Higher intensity of aroma of R7 and R8 was further confirmed by more of lingering aroma as shown by time intensity study. Flavor profiling by quantitative descriptive analysis showed that the coriander samples from different regions did not differ significantly (P± 0.05) in almost all attributes except for spicy aroma. Mapping of samples using PCA technique showed that the samples occupied different quadrants based on the intensity of attributes. Sample R7 and R8 were found to be grouped close together, and R5 and Reformed another group.
Can You Hear us Now? Voices from the Margin: Using Indigenous Methodologies in Geographic Research
Authors: LOUIS RENEE PUALANI 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIndigenous methodologies are an alternative way of thinking about research processes. Although these methodologies vary according to the ways in which different Indigenous communities express their own unique knowledge systems, they do have common traits. This article argues that research on Indigenous issues should be carried out in a manner which is respectful and ethically sound from an Indigenous perspective. This naturally challenges Western research paradigms, yet it also affords opportunities to contribute to the body of knowledge about Indigenous peoples. It is further argued that providing a mechanism for Indigenous peoples to participate in and direct these research agendas ensures that their communal needs are met, and that geographers then learn how to build ethical research relationships with them. Indigenous methodologies do not privilege Indigenous researchers because of their Indigeneity, since there are many ‘insider’ views, and these are thus suitable for both Indigenous and non‐Indigenous researchers. However, there is a difference between research done within an Indigenous context using Western methodologies and research done using Indigenous methodologies which integrates Indigenous voices. This paper will discuss those differences while presenting a historical context of research on Indigenous peoples, providing further insights into what Indigenous methodologies entail, and proposing ways in which the academy can create space for this discourse.
Postcolonial Conservation and Kiekie Harvests at Morere New Zealand – Abstracting Indigenous Knowledge from Indigenous Polities
Authors: COOMBES BRAD 
Published: May 2007

AbstractConservation authorities and local Maori are engaged in a collaborative science project within the Morere Scenic Reserve (east coast of the North Island in New Zealand). Although the project was restricted initially to the integration of knowledge to support sustainable harvests of kiekie (Freycinetia baueriana), the illegitimacy of state agencies to manage competing Maori demands for that species led inadvertently to the devolution of harvest administration to a local tribe. The success of the Morere experiment is evident in widespread support for a subsequent decision to fallow the kiekie resource, suggesting that further experiments to activate Indigenous polities within conservation management are warranted. Nonetheless, ambivalence towards Maori development needs circumscribes the potential of devolved management and collaborative science.
(Re)asserting Indigenous Rights and Jurisdictions within a Politics of Place: Transformative Nature of Native Title Negotiations in South Australia
Authors: AGIUS PARRY , JENKIN TOM , JARVIS SANDY , HOWITT RICHIE , WILLIAMS RHIÂN 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAustralia's dominant politics of place has largely failed to give meaningful recognition to Indigenous peoples. The Native Title Act 1993 required governments, industry and others to (re)consider the basis and extent of their authority, unsettling the non‐Indigenous systems’ assumed dominance. While Indigenous hopes about Native title have diminished as a result of subsequent judicial, legislative and administrative responses, Native title negotiations have been pivotal in redefining politics of place and Indigenous–settler relationships in Australia at several scales. Focusing on South Australia's Statewide Indigenous Land Use Agreement Negotiation Strategy, this paper considers such a redefinition. The paper identifies four strategies as critical to success in transformative spatial politics: getting process right; recognising and supporting Indigenous jurisdictions; engaging and transforming non‐Indigenous scales; and shifting Native title process away from legalities, towards people and relationships. Since 1999, these strategies have transformed the politics of place and built more equitable inter‐cultural relationships and networks based on mutual recognition and respect between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous rights and interests in land and waters.
Photoperiod regulates elicitation of growth promotion but not induced resistance by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
Authors: Kloepper J.W. , Gutiérrez-Estrada A. , McInroy J.A. 
Published: May 2007

For several years, we have noticed that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which consistently promote plant growth in greenhouse tests during spring, summer, and fall, fail to elicit plant growth promotion during the midwinter under ambient light conditions. This report tests the hypothesis that photoperiod regulates elicitation of growth promotion and induced systemic resistance (ISR) by PGPR. A commercially available formulation of PGPR strains Bacillus subtilis GB03 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IN937a (BioYield®) was used to grow tomato and pepper transplants under short-day (8 h of light) (SD) and long-day (12 h of light) (LD) conditions. Results of many experiments indicated that under LD conditions, BioYield consistently elicited significant increases in root and shoot mass as well as in several parameters of root architecture. However, under SD conditions, such increases were not elicited. Differential root colonization of plants grown under LD and SD conditions and changes in leachate quality partially account for these results. BioYield elicited ISR in tomato and pepper under both LD and SD conditions, indicating that although growth promotion was not elicited under SD conditions, induced resistance was. Overall, the results indicate that PGPR-mediated growth promotion is regulated by photoperiod, while ISR is not.
Optimization of laccase production from Trametes versicolor by solid fermentation
Authors: Jing Debing , Li Peijun , Stagnitti Frank , Xiong Xianzhe 
Published: May 2007

The regulation of culture conditions, especially the optimization of substrate constituents, is crucial for laccase production by solid fermentation. To develop an inexpensive optimized substrate formulation to produce high-activity laccase, a uniform design formulation experiment was devised. The solid fermentation of Trametes versicolor was performed with natural aeration, natural substrate pH (about 6.5), environmental humidity of 60% and two different temperature stages (at 37 °C for 3 days, and then at 30 °C for the next 17 days). From the experiment, a regression equation for laccase activity, in the form of a second-degree polynomial model, was constructed using multivariate regression analysis and solved with unconstrained optimization programming. The optimized substrate formulation for laccase production was then calculated. Tween 80 was found to have a negative effect on laccase production in solid fermentation; the optimized solid substrate formulation was 10.8% glucose, 27.7% wheat bran, 9.0% (NH4)2SO4, and 52.5% water. In a scaled-up verification of solid fermentation at a 10 kg scale, laccase activity from T. versicolor in the optimized substrate formulation reached 110.9 IU/g of dry mass.
Induction and characterization of morphologic mutants in a natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
Authors: Barberio Claudia , Bianchi Lucia , Pinzauti Francesca , Lodi Tiziana , Ferrero Iliana , Polsinelli Mario , Casalone Enrico 
Published: May 2007

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a good model with which to study the effects of morphologic differentiation on the ecological behaviour of fungi. In this work, 33 morphologic mutants of a natural strain of S. cerevisiae, obtained with UV mutagenesis, were selected for their streak shape and cell shape on rich medium. Two of them, showing both high sporulation proficiency and constitutive pseudohyphal growth, were analysed from a genetic and physiologic point of view. Each mutant carries a recessive monogenic mutation, and the two mutations reside in unlinked genes. Flocculation ability and responsiveness to different stimuli distinguished the two mutants. Growth at 37 °C affected the cell but not the colony morphology, suggesting that these two phenotypes are regulated differently. The effect of ethidium bromide, which affects mitochondrial DNA replication, suggested a possible “retrograde action” of mitochondria in pseudohyphal growth.
Enhanced Hepatocyte Growth Factor Signaling by Type II Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Knockout Fibroblasts Promotes Mammary Tumorigenesis
Authors: Cheng Nikki , Chytil Anna , Shyr Yu , Joly Alison , Moses Harold L. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays complex dual roles as an inhibitor and promoter of tumor progression. Although the influence of the stromal microenvironment on tumor progression is well recognized, little is known about the functions of TGF-β signaling in the stroma during tumor progression. Using cre-lox technology, expression of the type II TGF-β receptor was selectively knocked out in fibroblasts (Tgfbr2FspKO). In a co-xenograft model, we show that Tgfbr2FspKO fibroblasts enhance mammary carcinoma growth and metastasis in mice while increasing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression and c-Met signaling downstream pathways including signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a pharmacologic inhibitor (EXEL-7592) of c-Met blocks tumor progression and reduces levels of phospho-Stat3 and phospho-p42/44 MAPK. Similarly, small interfering RNA knockdown of c-Met expression in mammary tumor cells reduces metastasis and c-Met signaling caused by Tgfbr2FspKO fibroblasts. The results show that TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts suppresses tumor metastasis by antagonizing HGF/c-Met signaling within tumor epithelial cells. Furthermore, this co-xenograft model represents a unique context to study stromal TGF-β and HGF signaling in mammary tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4869–77]
An Examination of Precipitation in Observations and Model Forecasts during NAME with Emphasis on the Diurnal Cycle
Authors: Janowiak John E. , Dagostaro Valery J. , Kousky Vernon E. , Joyce Robert J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Summertime rainfall over the United States and Mexico is examined and is compared with forecasts from operational numerical prediction models. In particular, the distribution of rainfall amounts is examined and the diurnal cycle of rainfall is investigated and compared with the model forecasts. This study focuses on a 35-day period (12 July–15 August 2004) that occurred amid the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) field campaign. Three-hour precipitation forecasts from the numerical models were validated against satellite-derived estimates of rainfall that were adjusted by daily rain gauge data to remove bias from the remotely sensed estimates. The model forecasts that are evaluated are for the 36–60-h period after the model initial run time so that the effects of updated observational data are reduced substantially and a more direct evaluation of the model precipitation parameterization can be accomplished.
The main findings of this study show that the effective spatial resolution of the model-generated precipitation is considerably more coarse than the native model resolution. On a national scale, the models overforecast the frequency of rainfall events in the 1–75 mm day−1 range and underforecast heavy events (&gt;85 mm day−1). The models also have a diurnal cycle that peaks 3–6 h earlier than is observed over portions of the eastern United States and the NAME tier-1 region. Time series and harmonic analysis are used to identify where the models perform well and poorly in characterizing the amplitude and phase of the diurnal cycle of precipitation.