bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meat and Meat Mutagens and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Agricultural Health Study
Authors: Koutros Stella , Cross Amanda J. , Sandler Dale P. , Hoppin Jane A. , Ma Xiaomei , Zheng Tongzhang , Alavanja Michael C.R. , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Meats cooked at high temperatures, such as pan-frying or grilling, are a source of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We prospectively examined the association between meat types, meat cooking methods, meat doneness, and meat mutagens and the risk for prostate cancer in the Agricultural Health Study. We estimated relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for prostate cancer using Cox proportional hazards regression using age as the underlying time metric and adjusting for state of residence, race, smoking status, and family history of prostate cancer. During 197,017 person-years of follow-up, we observed 668 incident prostate cancer cases (613 of these were diagnosed after the first year of follow-up and 140 were advanced cases) among 23,080 men with complete dietary data. We found no association between meat type or specific cooking method and prostate cancer risk. However, intake of well or very well done total meat was associated with a 1.26-fold increased risk of incident prostate cancer (95% CI, 1.02-1.54) and a 1.97-fold increased risk of advanced disease (95% CI, 1.26-3.08) when the highest tertile was compared with the lowest. Risks for the two heterocyclic amines 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo-[4,5-b]quinoxaline were of borderline significance for incident disease [1.24 (95% CI, 0.96-1.59) and 1.20 (95% CI, 0.93-1.55), respectively] when the highest quintile was compared with the lowest. In conclusion, well and very well done meat was associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer in this cohort. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):80–7)
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinomas in Los Angeles County
Authors: Duan Lei , Wu Anna H. , Sullivan-Halley Jane , Bernstein Leslie 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackground: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use has been associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer; further epidemiologic data appear consistent for stomach and esophageal adenocarcinomas. Yet, data on potential confounding effects by upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) disorders on adenocarcinomas of the UGI are limited.Methods: This study recruited newly diagnosed patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 220), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (n = 277), or distal gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 441) as well as 1,356 control subjects in Los Angeles County. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to evaluate the association between regular NSAID use, at least two pills per week for 1 month, and these cancers.Results: Duration of regular use of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs was associated with reduced relative odds of distal gastric adenocarcinoma [&gt;5 years use versus no regular use: odds ratio (OR), 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.92; Ptrend = 0.009] and esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.95; Ptrend = 0.04) in multivariable models that included history of UGI disorders and other potential confounding factors. Daily regular use was also associated with statistically significant reduced ORs of these two tumor types. No significant heterogeneity in risk estimates was noted after stratification by history of UGI disorders for any of the sites studied. However, irregular users of NSAIDs also had reduced risk of these cancers when compared with nonusers.Conclusions: Results from this study support an inverse association between regular NSAID use and risk of esophageal and distal gastric adenocarcinomas in individuals with and without a history of UGI disorders with long duration and daily use, providing the greatest risk reduction. Reduced risk in irregular users suggests that factors other than an effect on cyclooxygenase may also be important. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):126–34)
Full-term Pregnancy Induces a Specific Genomic Signature in the Human Breast
Authors: Russo Jose , Balogh Gabriela A. , Russo Irma H. ,   and the Fox Chase Cancer Center Hospital Network Participants
Published: January 2008

AbstractBreast cancer risk has traditionally been linked to nulliparity or late first full-term pregnancy, whereas young age at first childbirth, multiparity, and breast-feeding are associated with a reduced risk. Early pregnancy confers protection by inducing breast differentiation, which imprints a specific and permanent genomic signature in experimental rodent models. For testing whether the same phenomenon was detectable in the atrophic breast of postmenopausal parous women, we designed a case-control study for the analysis of the gene expression profile of RNA extracted from epithelial cells microdissected from normal breast tissues obtained from 18 parous and 7 nulliparous women free of breast pathology (controls), and 41 parous and 8 nulliparous women with history of breast cancer (cases). RNA was hybridized to cDNA glass microarrays containing 40,000 genes; arrays were scanned and the images were analyzed using ImaGene software version 4.2. Normalization and statistical analysis were carried out using Linear Models for Microarrays and GeneSight software for hierarchical clustering. The parous control group contained 2,541 gene sequences representing 18 biological processes that were differentially expressed in comparison with the other three groups. Hierarchical clustering of these genes revealed that the combined parity/absence of breast cancer data generated a distinct genomic profile that differed from those of the breast cancer groups, irrespective of parity history, and from the nulliparous cancer-free group, which has been traditionally identified as a high-risk group. The signature that identifies those women in whom parity has been protective will serve as a molecular biomarker of differentiation for evaluating the potential use of preventive agents. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):51–66)
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis and Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Natural History
Authors: Harris Tiffany G. , Burk Robert D. , Yu Herbert , Minkoff Howard , Massad L. Stewart , Watts D. Heather , Zhong Ye , Gange Stephen , Kaplan Robert C. , Anastos Kathryn , Levine Alexandra M. , Moxley Michael , Xue Xiaonan , Fazzari Melissa , Palefsky Joel M. , Strickler Howard D. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
High serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are reported to be a risk factor for several common cancers, and recent cross-sectional data suggest a possible additional association of IGF-I with cervical neoplasia. To prospectively assess whether circulating IGF-I levels influence the natural history of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV), the viral cause of cervical cancer, we conducted a pilot investigation of 137 women who underwent semiannual type-specific HPV DNA PCR testing and cervical cytology. Total IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), the most abundant IGFBP in circulation, were measured using baseline serum specimens. Having a high IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was associated with increased persistence of oncogenic HPV infection [that is, a lower rate of clearance; adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 0.14; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.04-0.57], whereas IGFBP-3 was inversely associated with both the incident detection of oncogenic HPV (AHR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.13-0.93) and the incidence of oncogenic HPV-positive cervical neoplasia (that is, squamous intraepithelial lesions at risk of progression; AHR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01-0.66). These prospective data provide initial evidence that the IGF axis may influence the natural history of oncogenic HPV. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):245–8)
Aberrant DNA Methylation ofP16, MGMT, andhMLH1Genes in Combination withMTHFRC677T Genetic Polymorphism in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang JianMing , Sasco Annie J. , Fu ChaoWei , Xue HengChuan , Guo GuoPing , Hua ZhaoLai , Zhou Qing , Jiang QingWu , Xu Biao 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo explore the role of aberrant hypermethylation of cancer-related genes, such as P16, MGMT, and hMLH1, in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as its relation to dietary folate intake and MTHFR C677T polymorphism, we conducted a molecular epidemiologic study in China. One hundred and twenty-five histologically confirmed ESCC patients having undergone surgery in the Yangzhong People's Hospital between January 2005 and March 2006 were recruited. The aberrant CpG island hypermethylation of P16, MGMT, and hMLH1 genes could be found in cancer tissues with frequency of about 88.0%, 27.2%, and 3.2%, respectively, and in remote normal-appearing esophageal tissues with frequency of about 36.8%, 11.2%, and 0.0%, respectively. No hypermethylation was found in the normal esophageal tissues from healthy controls. Compared with those patients without lymph node metastasis, MGMT gene showed a higher proportion of hypermethylation in cancer tissues, whereas P16 gene showed a higher proportion of hypermethylation in remote normal-appearing esophageal tissues in patients with lymph node metastasis. A significant association was found between MTHFR C677T genetic polymorphism and CpG island methylation status of MGMT gene. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals carrying CT or TT genotype have higher frequency of hypermethylation in MGMT gene in cancer tissues, with odds ratio of 3.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-10.39) and 3.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.13-12.94), respectively. This study indicated that the aberrant CpG island hypermethylation of cancer-related genes was associated with ESCC and might be a promising biomarker in diagnosis and prognosis. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):118–25)
Evaluation of a Fast-Running Urban Dispersion Modeling System Using Joint Urban 2003 Field Data
Authors: Hendricks Eric A. , Diehl Steve R. , Burrows Donald A. , Keith Robert 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
An urban dispersion modeling system was evaluated using the Joint Urban 2003 field data. The system consists of a fast-running urban airflow model (RUSTIC, for Realistic Urban Spread and Transport of Intrusive Contaminants) that is coupled with a Lagrangian particle transport and diffusion model (MESO) that uses random-walk tracer diffusion techniques. Surface measurements from fast-response and integrated bag samplers were used to evaluate model performance in predicting near-field (less than 1 km from the source) dispersion in the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, central business district. Comparisons were made for six different intense operating periods (IOPs) composed of three different release locations and stable nighttime and unstable daytime meteorological conditions. Overall, the models were shown to have an underprediction bias of 47%. A possible influence to this underprediction is that the higher density of sulfur hexafluoride in comparison with air was not taken into account in the simulations. The models were capable of predicting 42% of the sampler data within a factor of 2 and 83% of the data within a factor of 10. When the effects of large-scale atmospheric turbulence were included, the models were shown to be capable of predicting 51% of the data within a factor of 2. The results were further broken down into performance for varying meteorological conditions. For daytime releases, the models performed reasonably well; for nighttime releases the models performed more poorly. Two possible causes of the poorer nighttime comparisons are (a) an inability to model the suppression of vertical turbulence because of the assumption of isotropy in RUSTIC’s k–ω turbulence model and (b) difficulty in modeling the light and variable inflow winds. The best comparisons were found for the three continuous daytime releases of IOP-4. It was hypothesized that these good comparisons were a result of steadier inflow conditions combined with the fact that the release site was more exposed and closer to the sodar used for the inflow meteorological conditions.
Urban Dispersion Modeling: Comparison with Single-Building Measurements
Authors: Diehl Steve R. , Burrows Donald A. , Hendricks Eric A. , Keith Robert 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Two models have been developed to predict airflow and dispersion in urban environments. The first model, the Realistic Urban Spread and Transport of Intrusive Contaminants (RUSTIC) model, is a fast-running urban airflow code that rapidly converges to a numerical solution of a modified set of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. RUSTIC uses the k–ω turbulence model with a buoyancy production term to handle atmospheric stability effects. The second model, “MESO,” is a Lagrangian particle transport and dispersion code that predicts concentrations of a released chemical or biological agent in urban or rural areas. As a preliminary validation of the models, concentrations simulated by MESO are compared with experimental data from wind-tunnel testing of dispersion around both a multistory rectangular building and a single-story L-shaped building. For the rectangular building, trace gas is forced out at the base of the downwind side, whereas for the L-shaped building, trace gas is forced out of a side door in the inner corner of the “L.” The MESO–RUSTIC combination is set up with the initial conditions of the wind-tunnel experiment, and the steady-state concentrations simulated by the models are compared with the wind-tunnel data. For the multistory building, a dense set of detector locations was available downwind at ground level. For the L-shaped building, concentration data were available at three heights in a lateral plane at a distance of one building height downwind of the lee side. A favorable comparison between model simulations and test data is shown for both buildings.
The capabilities approach and violence against women
Authors: Pyles Loretta 
Published: January 2008

English The capabilities approach attends to the unique situation of poor women in the context of social development, as exemplified in such concepts as household inequality and bodily integrity. The article clarifies how being safe from physical and sexual assault is critical as a social development issue. French L'approche centrée sur les capacités s'intéresse aux situations mettant en cause les femmes en situation de pauvreté dans le contexte du développement social comme l'illustrent les notions d'inégalité intra-ménage et d'intégrité physique. Cet article montre comment la protection contre les violences physiques et sexuelles est un enjeu clé pour le développement social. Spanish El enfoque de capacidades atiende a la situación única de las mujeres pobres en el contexto del desarrollo social como es ejemplificado en conceptos tales como 'hogar deigual' y 'integridad corporal'. Este artículo clarifica como la seguridad contra el asalto físico y sexual es crítico como tema del desarrollo social.
Children's rights: a challenge for social work
Authors: Roose Rudi , De Bie Maria 
Published: January 2008

English A children's rights approach to social work might have adverse consequences for children and parents when it ignores a view on rights as a lever for commitment and the question of how these rights can be realized in different contexts and with respect for the rights of other actors involved. French Une approche de travail social centrée sur les droits des enfants peut avoir des conséquences négatives auprès des enfants et des parents lorsqu'elle ne considère pas les droits comme un levier pour l'engagement et lorsqu'elle ne tient pas compte de la façon dont ces droits peuvent s'exercer dans différents contextes et en regard des droits des autres acteurs concernés. Spanish Abordar el trabajo social desde el punto de vista de los derechos de los niños puede tener consecuencias negativas para los niños y los padres cuando ignora una visión de derechos como palanca de dedicación y compromiso, y cuando ignora el cómo los derechos pueden realizarse en distintos contextos respetando los derechos de otros actores.
The nature of practice wisdom in social work revisited
Authors: Chu William C.K. , Tsui Ming-sum 
Published: January 2008

English Social work knowledge cannot be adequately articulated by the positivistic epistemology. It arises from the judgements rather than the techniques. Forms of knowledge acquisition and utilization must be reinvented so that there is a close and equal partnership among the profession, practitioners and students. This will enable social workers to discover, articulate and use their knowledge most effectively. French L'épistémologie positiviste ne permet d'articuler adéquatement le savoir en travail social. Celle-ci découle davantage des préjugés que des techniques. Les façons d'acquérir et d'utiliser le savoir demandent à être repensées de manière à établir un partenariat serré, sur une base d'égalité entre la profession, les practiciens et les étudiants. Les travailleurs sociaux pourront ainsi découvrir, articuler et exploiter le savoir de façon plus efficace. Spanish El conocimiento de trabajo social no puede ser adecuadamente articulado por la epistemología positivista. Ya que este conocimiento surge de opiniones, criterios más que técnicas. Formas de adquisición y utilización de conocimiento debe ser reinventada de tal manera que exista una colaboración igualitaria entre la profesión, practicantes y estudiantes. Esta colaboración ayudara trabajadores sociales a descubrir, articular y usar nuestro conocimiento más efectivamente.
The welfare state in the wake of globalization
Authors: Lyngstad Rolv 
Published: January 2008

English The article starts with a discussion of recent developments in the Norwegian welfare state. It focuses on the welfare promises of the present centre-left majority government and asks if an ambitious welfare-state policy is possible in an international climate of globalization and a market-oriented economy. It is decisive that social work educators and the profession addresses these questions if the core values of the welfare state are to prevail. French Cet article s'appuie sur les récents développements du système de sécurité publique de la Norvège et examine les promesses du présent gouvernement majoritaire de centre-gauche en matière de sécurité sociale, tout en s'interrogeant sur la viabilité d'une ambitieuse politique d'état-providence dans le contexte de la mondialisation et d'une économie centrée sur les marchés à l'échelle internationale. Il est impératif que les enseignants en travail social et que la profession tout entière s'interrogent à savoir si les valeurs de base de l'état-providence subsisteront. Spanish Este artículo parte de los desarrollos recientes en el Estado de Bienestar de Noruega. Se enfoca en las promesas del presente gobierno mayoritario de centro-izquierda, y se pregunta si es posible una política ambiciosa estatal de bienestar, en un clima internacional de globalización y una economía orientada hacia el mercado. Es importante que los profesores y profesionales del trabajo social se planteen estas cuestiones si los valores básicos del estado de bienestar han de prevalecer.
Platelet-mediated modulation of adaptive immunity: unique delivery of CD154 signal by platelet-derived membrane vesicles
Authors: Sprague Daniel L. , Elzey Bennett D. , Crist Scott A. , Waldschmidt Thomas J. , Jensen Robert J. , Ratliff Timothy L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlthough mounting evidence indicates that platelets participate in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immunity, the mechanisms by which platelets exert these effects have not been clearly defined. The study reported herein uses a previously documented adoptive transfer model to investigate the ability of platelet-derived membrane vesicles to communicate activation signals to the B-cell compartment. The findings demonstrate for the first time that platelet-derived membrane vesicles are sufficient to deliver CD154 to stimulate antigen-specific IgG production and modulate germinal center formation through cooperation with responses elicited by CD4+ T cells. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that platelets modulate inflammation and adaptive immunity at sites distant from the location of activation and that platelet-derived membrane vesicles are sufficient to mediate the effect.
Flow cytometric immunophenotyping for hematologic neoplasms
Authors: Craig Fiona E. , Foon Kenneth A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFlow cytometric immunophenotyping remains an indispensable tool for the diagnosis, classification, staging, and monitoring of hematologic neoplasms. The last 10 years have seen advances in flow cytometry instrumentation and availability of an expanded range of antibodies and fluorochromes that have improved our ability to identify different normal cell populations and recognize phenotypic aberrancies, even when present in a small proportion of the cells analyzed. Phenotypically abnormal populations have been documented in many hematologic neoplasms, including lymphoma, chronic lymphoid leukemias, plasma cell neoplasms, acute leukemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, mast cell disease, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative disorders. The past decade has also seen refinement of the criteria used to identify distinct disease entities with widespread adoption of the 2001 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. This classification endorses a multiparametric approach to diagnosis and outlines the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genotypic features characteristic of each disease entity. When should flow cytometric immunophenotyping be applied? The recent Bethesda International Consensus Conference on flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis of hematolymphoid neoplasms made recommendations on the medical indications for flow cytometric testing. This review discusses how flow cytometric testing is currently applied in these clinical situations and how the information obtained can be used to direct other testing.
Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) for normalization of cDNA microarray data
Authors: Xiong Huiling , Zhang Dapeng , Martyniuk Christopher J , Trudeau Vance L , Xia Xuhua 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundNormalization is essential in dual-labelled microarray data analysis to remove non-biological variations and systematic biases. Many normalization methods have been used to remove such biases within slides (Global, Lowess) and across slides (Scale, Quantile and VSN). However, all these popular approaches have critical assumptions about data distribution, which is often not valid in practice.ResultsIn this study, we propose a novel assumption-free normalization method based on the Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) algorithm. Using experimental and simulated normal microarray data and boutique array data, we systemically evaluate the ability of the GPA method in normalization compared with six other popular normalization methods including Global, Lowess, Scale, Quantile, VSN, and one boutique array-specific housekeeping gene method. The assessment of these methods is based on three different empirical criteria: across-slide variability, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) statistic and the mean square error (MSE). Compared with other methods, the GPA method performs effectively and consistently better in reducing across-slide variability and removing systematic bias.ConclusionThe GPA method is an effective normalization approach for microarray data analysis. In particular, it is free from the statistical and biological assumptions inherent in other normalization methods that are often difficult to validate. Therefore, the GPA method has a major advantage in that it can be applied to diverse types of array sets, especially to the boutique array where the majority of genes may be differentially expressed.