bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Myelopathies and Traumatic Spinal Cord Lesions: Comparison of Functional and Neurological Outcomes
Authors: Scivoletto Giorgio , Cosentino Elena , Mammone Alessia , Molinari Marco 
Published: January 2008

Background and Purpose
Outcomes knowledge is essential to answer patients' questions regarding function, to plan the use of resources, and to evaluate treatments to enhance recovery. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) with those of patients with inflammatory spinal cord lesions (ISCLs).

Subjects and Methods
The authors evaluated 181 subjects with traumatic SCI and 67 subjects with ISCLs. Using a matching cohorts procedure, 38 subjects were selected from each group. The measures used were the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (motor function), the Barthel Index (BI), the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), and the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI).

Results
The subjects in the ISCL group were older than those in the SCI group, with a longer interval from onset of lesion to rehabilitation admission and more incomplete lesions. In the matching cohorts, at admission, the traumatic SCI group had RMI and WISCI scores comparable to those of the ISCL group, but the traumatic SCI group had lower scores on the BI (greater dependence on assistance for activities of daily living). At discharge, the 2 groups had comparable functional outcomes. The neurological status of the 2 groups was comparable at admission and discharge.

Discussion and Conclusion
The results indicate that, at admission, patients with SCI have a greater physical dependence for assistance with activities of daily living than patients with ISCLs who have comparable neurological status. Such a difference depends on factors not related to the spinal cord lesion, such as the presence of associated lesions, the need to wear an orthotic device, or the sequelae of surgery. The outcomes of patients with SCI are determined more by factors such as lesion level and severity and age than by etiology. This finding could have implications for health care planning and rehabilitation research.
Effects of Pilates Exercises on Shoulder Range of Motion, Pain, Mood, and Upper-Extremity Function in Women Living With Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study
Authors: Keays Kim S , Harris Susan R , Lucyshyn Joseph M , MacIntyre Donna L 
Published: January 2008

Background and PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Pilates exercises on shoulder range of motion (ROM), pain, mood, and upper-extremity (UE) function in women who had been treated for breast cancer.ParticipantsThe participants were 4 women who had undergone axillary dissection and radiation therapy for stage I to IV breast cancer.MethodsA nonconcurrent, multiple-baseline, single-subject research design was used to examine the effects of Pilates exercises on the 4 outcomes.ResultsVisual analyses of the data suggest a modest effect of the Pilates exercise program in improving shoulder abduction and external rotation ROM. Statistically significant improvement in shoulder internal and external rotation in the affected UE was shown for the one participant with pre-existing metastatic disease. The improving baselines seen for pain, mood, and UE function data made it impossible to assess the effects of Pilates exercises on those outcomes. No adverse events were experienced.Discussion and ConclusionPilates exercises may be an effective and safe exercise option for women who are recovering from breast cancer treatments; however, further research is needed.
Response to Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Changes With Body Mass Index and Supine Sleep
Authors: Patel Rutwik M. , Wang Hannah Z. , Jamro Erica L. , Lindburg Miranda R. , Jackson Ryan S. , Malhotra Raman K. , Lucey Brendan P. , Landsness Eric C. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceHypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is a potential alternative therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but its efficacy in a clinical setting and the impact of body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) on treatment response remain unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate whether HGNS therapy is effective for patients with OSA, whether HGNS can treat supine OSA, and whether there are associations between BMI and treatment response.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, adult patients with OSA implanted with HGNS at the Washington University Medical Center in St Louis from April 2019 to January 2023 were included. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to January 2024.ExposureHGNS.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultivariable logistic regression was performed to assess associations between HGNS treatment response and both BMI and supine sleep. Treatment response was defined as 50% reduction or greater in preimplantation Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) score and postimplantation AHI of less than 15 events per hour.ResultsOf 76 included patients, 57 (75%) were male, and the median (IQR) age was 61 (51-68) years. A total of 59 patients (78%) achieved a treatment response. There was a clinically meaningful reduction in median (IQR) AHI, from 29.3 (23.1-42.8) events per hour preimplantation to 5.3 (2.6-12.3) events per hour postimplantation (Hodges-Lehman difference of 23.0; 95% CI, 22.6-23.4). In adjusted analyses, patients with BMI of 32 to 35 had 75% lower odds of responding to HGNS compared with those with a BMI of 32 or less (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07-0.94). Of 44 patients who slept in a supine position, 17 (39%) achieved a treatment response, with a clinically meaningful reduction in median (IQR) supine AHI from 46.3 (33.6-63.2) events per hour preimplantation to 21.8 (4.30-42.6) events per hour postimplantation (Hodges-Lehman difference of 24.6; 95% CI, 23.1-26.5). In adjusted analysis, BMI was associated with lower odds of responding to HGNS with supine AHI treatment response (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.04-2.59), but the imprecision of the estimate prevents making a definitive conclusion.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study adds to the growing body of literature supporting the use of HGNS for OSA treatment. Sleep medicine clinicians should consider informing patients that higher BMI and supine sleeping position may decrease therapeutic response to HGNS. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in larger, more diverse cohorts, which would facilitate the optimization of treatment strategies and patient counseling for HGNS therapy.
Risk of Neuroinflammatory Diseases Among New Recipients of Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Casey Maximilian , Pannu Sonia , Bajwa Saffia , Duarte‐García Alí , Putman Michael 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveNeuroinflammatory adverse events have been observed among new users of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. No studies to date have compared the real‐world risk of TNFs with other new users of biologic or targeted synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs). The objective of this study is to describe the risk of neuroinflammatory disease after initiation b/tsDMARDs.MethodsThis new user comparative effectiveness cohort study used a large US‐based electronic health records database to describe the unadjusted incidence of neuroinflammatory adverse events over a 3‐year period. The cohort included patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis initiating treatment with a TNF inhibitor (n = 93,661) or other b/tsDMARD (n = 38,354).ResultsAmong 132,015 patients included in the analysis, the most common first biologic agent was a TNF inhibitor; the unadjusted incidence of neuroinflammatory events was numerically lower among new users of TNF inhibitors (incidence 1.34 per 1,000 patient‐years) as compared with the combined non‐TNF group (1.69 per 1,000 patient‐years). There was no significant association between TNF exposure and neuroinflammatory events as compared with the combined non‐TNF b/tsDMARDs overall (hazard ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 0.75–1.36) and within each disease group.ConclusionThe overall risk of neuroinflammatory events among new users of TNF inhibitors did not differ substantially as compared with new users of other b/tsDMARDs. Meta‐analyses of randomized trials should be conducted to corroborate these findings, which may be affected by channeling bias.
Association Between Hyperuricemia and Ultrasound‐Detected Hand Synovitis
Authors: Jiang Ting , Weng Qianlin , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael , Sarmanova Aliya , Yang Zidan , Yang Tuo , Li Jiatian , Liu Ke , Wang Yuqing , Obotiba Abasiama D. , Zeng Chao , Lei Guanghua , Wei Jie 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveAlthough hand synovitis is prevalent in the older population, the etiology remains unclear. Hyperuricemia, a modifiable metabolic disorder, may serve as an underlying mechanism of hand synovitis, but little is known about their relationship. We assessed the association between hyperuricemia and hand synovitis in a large population‐based sample.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study in Longshan County, Hunan Province, China. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum urate level >420 μmol/L in men and >360 μmol/L in women. Ultrasound examinations were performed on both hands of 4,080 participants, and both gray‐scale synovitis and the Power Doppler signal (PDS) were assessed using semiquantitative scores (grades 0–3). We evaluated the association of hyperuricemia with hand gray‐scale synovitis (grade ≥2) and PDS (grade ≥1), respectively, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index.ResultsAll required assessments for analysis were available for 3,286 participants. The prevalence of hand gray‐scale synovitis was higher among participants with hyperuricemia (30.0%) than those with normouricemia (23.3%), with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.28 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.62). Participants with hyperuricemia also had a higher prevalence of PDS (aOR 2.36; 95% CI 1.15–4.81). Furthermore, hyperuricemia positively associated, both at the hand and joint levels, with the presence of gray‐scale synovitis (aOR 1.27; 95% CI 1.00–1.60 and adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.26; 95% CI 1.10–1.44, respectively) and PDS (aOR 2.35; 95% CI 1.15–4.79 and aPR 2.34; 95% CI 1.28–4.30, respectively).ConclusionThis population‐based study provides more evidence for a positive association between hyperuricemia and prevalent hand synovitis.
Zwitterionic Cyclophane Molecules: Toward Novel Functional Materials
Authors: Beldjoudi Yassine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor over 60 years, cyclophanes have inspired the design of novel molecular architectures of different sizes and geometries, unleashing significant advances in supramolecular chemistry and also in biomedical and materials sciences. Reported cyclophanes are countless and more complex molecular structures continue to be spawned. Herein, the study classifies cyclophanes into different families to emphasize and feature their structure‐properties relationships. While neutral cyclophanes have attracted more attention owing to their solid‐state physical properties, water‐soluble anionic cyclophanes have been explored predominantly in drug delivery. In the broad family of cationic cyclophanes, viologen‐based cyclophanes (VBCs) are widely investigated for designing molecular interlocked molecules (MIMs), molecular switches, and machines owing to their unique electrochemical properties. Despite decades of ground‐breaking research in academia, controlling the cationic cyclophanes and MIMs solid‐state structures is still a limiting factor when it comes to introducing them into functional materials. Here, the study draws attention to some current challenges in cyclophane chemistry from a materials sciences perspective and highlights processes that, if overcome, would lead to cyclophanes producing transformational materials. It is envisioned that zwitterionic VBCs can have a seminal impact on host–guest chemistry, MIMs, molecular machines, and supramolecular tessellations, which can pave the way toward next‐generation technologies.
Metavalent Bonding in Cubic SnSe Alloys Improves Thermoelectric Properties over a Broad Temperature Range
Authors: Lin Nan , Han Shuai , Ghosh Tanmoy , Schön Carl‐Friedrich , Kim Dasol , Frank Jonathan , Hoff Felix , Schmidt Thomas , Ying Pingjun , Zhu Yuke , Häser Maria , Shen Minghao , Liu Ming , Sui Jiehe , Cojocaru‐Mirédin Oana , Zhou Chongjian , He Ran , Wuttig Matthias , Yu Yuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMonocrystalline SnSe is one of the most promising thermoelectric materials with outstanding performance and a high abundance of constituting elements. However, polycrystalline SnSe, which is more robust for applications, only shows large figure‐of‐merit (zT) values in its high‐symmetry phase. Stabilizing the high‐symmetry phase at low temperatures can thus enhance the average zT value over a broad temperature range. In this work, the high‐symmetry rock‐salt SnSe phase is successfully obtained by alloying SnSe with AgVVI2 compounds (V = Sb, Bi; VI = Se, Te). These cubic SnSe phases show a unique portfolio of properties including a high optical dielectric constant, a large maximum of optical absorption, a large Born effective charge, and abnormal bond‐breaking behavior in laser‐assisted atom probe tomography. All of these characteristics are indicative of metavalent bonding. In contrast, the Pnma phase of SnSe employs covalent bonding. The enhanced symmetry at low temperatures is realized by tailoring chemical bonding. Concomitantly, zT near room temperature is increased by a factor of more than 10 from the pristine Pnma SnSe to Fmm SnSe alloys. This provides insights into the enhancement of the thermoelectric performance of SnSe and other chalcogenides over a broad temperature range by manipulating the chemical bonds.
Constructing Ag Single Atoms and Nanoparticles Co‐Decorated CoO(O)H as Highly Active Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Large Current Density
Authors: Guo Xiaoyan , Zhang Huimin , Xia Wei , Ma Mengyao , Cao Dong , Cheng Daojian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping highly active and stable electrocatalysts is essential for the large‐scale production of hydrogen from alkaline water. In this work, Ag single atoms and nanoparticles co‐decorated Co hydro(oxy)oxide (Ag SAs&NPs@CoO(O)H) is synthesized by a facile one‐step approach. Notably, the overpotential of Ag SAs&NPs@CoO(O)H is 200 mV at current density of 50 mA cm−2 during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Meanwhile, it can display the mass activity of 637.47 A g−1Ag under 300 mV, which is 212.49 times higher than that of commercial IrO2. Moreover, the assembled Pt/C // Ag SAs&NPs@CoO(O)H system only requires 1.9 V to reach an industrial current density of 1000 mA cm−2 in alkaline water electrolyzer and exhibits excellent stability at large current density of 1000 mA cm−2. Furthermore, in situ Raman spectroscopy analysis coupled with theoretical calculations reveals an novel active site switching mechanism is found on Ag SAs&NPs@CoO(O)H. Specifically, the O* preferentially generates on the Ag NPs and then switches toward the Co3+ site in CoO(O)H to produce OOH* and O2. Meanwhile, the Ag SAs in the lattice of CoO(O)H can exert an inhibitory force on the reconstruction process of CoOOH to Co(OH)2, resulting in excellent anti‐dissolution stability.
Synthesis of 2D Phosphorene: Current Status and Challenges
Authors: Ding Liping , Shao Peng , Yin Yuling , Ding Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhosphorene, a 2D(two‐dimensional) material, holds immense promise in various applications due to its unique properties. Here, a comprehensive overview of their recent synthesis progresses, with a specific focus on three phosphorene varieties: black phosphorene, blue phosphorene, and violet phosphorene is provided. Black phosphorene, given its versatile properties, is extensively studied, but the challenges persist in achieving scalable production with high quality and controllable thicknesses. The synthesis of blue phosphorene involves epitaxial methods but results in relatively small structures, limiting its practical applications. Notably, the successful synthesis of violet phosphorene remains limited, achieved only through mechanical and liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE) methods. Despite significant progression in phosphorene synthesis, a critical need is emphasized for a cost‐effective and easily controllable method capable of efficiently managing the thickness of phosphorene. The challenges, such as scalability issues and the presence of impurities, highlight the complexity of phosphorene preparation methods. The review emphasizes the importance of continued scientific engagement to overcome these obstacles and advance the research topic. In essence, while phosphorene shows great potential, unlocking its full range of applications requires further research and innovation in synthesis methodologies.
Dual Noncovalent Binding Modes Enabled via Single Thiourea Motif: An Emerging Arsenal for Supramolecular Polymeric Nanomedicine
Authors: Li Zeke , Chen Senbin , Zhu Jintao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe structural rigidity of thiourea (TU) motifs has made them useful in supramolecular (bio)materials. However, the role of the TU motif in a single system endowing dual noncovalent interactions, i.e., Hydrogen‐bonding (H‐bonding) association and metal‐coordination interaction, to afford nanomedicine is still unexplored. Herein a smart supramolecular polymeric nanomedicine constructed via TU motifs privileged dual noncovalent interactions, toward synergistic chemo/chemodynamic (CT/CDT) cancer therapy is reported. The study first synthesized a six‐arm star‐shaped amphiphilic polymer vehicle containing pendant TU motifs, poly(acylthiourea‐co‐oligo(ethylene glycol) ethyl acrylate)6 (P(TU‐co‐OEGEA)6), followed by addressing both H‐bonding association and metal‐coordination to fabricate supramolecular nanomedicine (e.g., Dox/Cu@P(TU‐co‐OEGEA)6). Structural privilege and functional diversity of TU motifs constitute an outstanding scaffold, not only offering an H‐bonding site to associate doxorubicin (Dox) but also acting as a ligand to coordinate copper (Cu). Thereby, one TU motif can enable dual noncovalent binding modes, triggering multiple curative outcomes. TU/Dox and TU/Cu noncovalent interactions can induce intermolecular configuration, yielding prompted cargo loading and in vivo stability. Moreover, benefiting from pH‐responsive Dox release and Fenton‐like copper redox chemistry, accompanied by Dox‐induced intratumoral H2O2 elevation and prompted •OH generation, synergistic CT/CDT with extraordinary anti‐tumor efficacy is indeed accomplished. This work provides a new paradigm using TU motifs regulated dual supramolecular forces to meet therapeutic goals.
MOF‐Coated Upconversion Nanoparticle Agents Enable Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Du Jiarui , Jia Tao , Li Feng , Li Yang , Wang Qinghui , He Liangcan , Ågren Hans , Chen Guanying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough conventional therapeutic approaches demonstrate significant success in treating primary tumors, their efficacy diminishes when addressing distant and metastatic tumors, calling for new technologies to transport and activate the therapeutic agents. Here, a core‐shell UCNP@MOF (upconversion nanoparticle — metal organic framework) nanoagents is constructed for Type I and Type II photodynamic therapy under biocompatible near‐infrared light irradiance (at 808 nm) and utilize their pore loading capacity to further realize synergistic immunotherapy in solid tumors. The Cu2+ to Cu+ reduction at the nodes in the MOFs shell is demonstrated to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species via depletion of overexpressed glutathione (GSH) compounds, while tumor microenvironment‐enriched hydrogen peroxide is found to substantially augment the PDT effects. Importantly, the MOFs pore‐loaded indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, along with s‐nitroso‐n‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), upregulated tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes and induced prominent immunotherapeutic effects in vivo. This core‐shell UCNP@MOF nanoagents have demonstrated effectiveness against both primary and distant tumors in xenografted tumor models, holding promise for treating solid tumors in metastasis.
Hierarchical Piezoelectric Composites for Noninvasive Continuous Cardiovascular Monitoring
Authors: Tian Guo , Deng Weili , Yang Tao , Zhang Jieling , Xu Tianpei , Xiong Da , Lan Boling , Wang Shenglong , Sun Yue , Ao Yong , Huang Longchao , Liu Yang , Li Xuelan , Jin Long , Yang Weiqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContinuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP) and multiparametric analysis of cardiac functions are crucial for the early diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. However, existing monitoring approaches often suffer from bulky and intrusive apparatus, cumbersome testing procedures, and challenging data processing, hampering their applications in continuous monitoring. Here, a heterogeneously hierarchical piezoelectric composite is introduced for wearable continuous BP and cardiac function monitoring, overcoming the rigidity of ceramic and the insensitivity of polymer. By optimizing the hierarchical structure and components of the composite, the developed piezoelectric sensor delivers impressive performances, ensuring continuous and accurate monitoring of BP at Grade A level. Furthermore, the hemodynamic parameters are extracted from the detected signals, such as local pulse wave velocity, cardiac output, and stroke volume, all of which are in alignment with clinical results. Finally, the all‐day tracking of cardiac function parameters validates the reliability and stability of the developed sensor, highlighting its potential for personalized healthcare systems, particularly in early diagnosis and timely intervention of cardiovascular disease.
Projection Stereolithography 3D Printing High‐Conductive Hydrogel for Flexible Passive Wireless Sensing
Authors: Sun Yongding , Cui Jin , Feng Shiwei , Cui Jingjing , Guo Yunlong , Liang Chen , Gao Weizi , Lu Zhe , Liu Fukang , Zhang Biao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHydrogel‐based electronics have inherent similarities to biological tissues and hold potential for wearable applications. However, low conductivity, poor stretchability, nonpersonalizability, and uncontrollable dehydration during use limit their further development. In this study, projection stereolithography 3D printing high‐conductive hydrogel for flexible passive wireless sensing is reported. The prepared photocurable silver‐based hydrogel is rapidly planarized into antenna shapes on substrates using surface projection stereolithography. After partial dehydration, silver flakes within the circuits form sufficient conductive pathways to achieve high conductivity (387 S cm−1). By sealing the circuits to prevent further dehydration, the resistance remains stable when tensile strain is less than 100% for at least 30 days. Besides, the sealing materials provide versatile functionalities, such as stretchability and shape memory property. Customized flexible radio frequency identification tags are fabricated by integrating with commercial chips to complete the accurate recognition of eye movement, realizing passive wireless sensing.