bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble and particulate Co‐Cr‐Mo alloy implant metals activate the inflammasome danger signaling pathway in human macrophages: A novel mechanism for implant debris reactivity
Authors: Caicedo Marco S. , Desai Ronak , McAllister Kyron , Reddy Anand , Jacobs Joshua J. , Hallab Nadim J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractImmune reactivity to soluble and particulate implant debris remains the primary cause of aseptic inflammation and implant loosening. However, the intracellular mechanisms that trigger immune cells to sense and respond to exogenous nonbiological agents such as metal particles or metal ions released from orthopedic implants remain unknown. Recent studies in immunology have outlined the importance of the intracellular inflammasome complex of proteins in sensing danger/stress signals triggered by nonbiological agents in the cytosol of macrophages. We hypothesized that metal implant debris can activate the inflammasome pathway in macrophages that causes caspase‐1‐induced cleavage of intracellular pro‐IL‐1β into its mature form, resulting in IL‐1β secretion and induction of a broader proinflammatory response. We tested this hypothesis by examining whether soluble cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel ions and Co‐Cr‐Mo alloy particles induce inflammasome‐ mediated macrophage reactivity. Our results demonstrate that these agents stimulate IL‐1β secretion in human macrophages that is inflammasome mediated (i.e., NADPH‐, caspase‐1‐, Nalp3‐, and ASC‐dependent). Thus, metal ion‐ and particle‐induced activation of the inflammasome in human macrophages provides evidence of a novel pathway of implant debris‐induced inflammation, where contact with implant debris is sensed and transduced by macrophages into a proinflammatory response. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 847–854, 2009
Bio‐corrosion of stainless steel by osteoclasts—in vitro evidence
Authors: Cadosch Dieter , Chan Erwin , Gautschi Oliver P. , Simmen Hans‐Peter , Filgueira Luis 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMost metals in contact with biological systems undergo corrosion by an electrochemical process. This study investigated whether human osteoclasts (OC) are able to grow on stainless steel (SS) and directly corrode the metal alloy leading to the formation of corresponding metal ions, which may cause inflammatory reactions and activate the immune system. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated long‐term viable OC cultures and evident resorption features on the surface of SS discs on which OC were cultured for 21 days. The findings were confirmed by atomic emission spectrometry investigations showing significantly increased levels of chromium, nickel, and manganese in the supernatant of OC cultures. Furthermore, significant levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, which are considered to be major mediators of osteolysis, were revealed in the same cultures by cytometric bead array analysis. Within the present study, it was shown that human osteoclast precursors are able to grow and differentiate towards mature OC on SS. The mature cells are able to directly corrode the metal surface and release corresponding metal ions, which induce the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines that are known to enhance osteoclast differentiation, activation, and survival. Enhanced corrosion and the subsequently released metal ions may therefore result in enhanced osteolytic lesions in the peri‐prosthetic bone, contributing to the aseptic loosening of the implant. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 841–846, 2009
Ketoprofen in topical formulation decreases the matrix metalloproteinase‐2 expression and pulmonary metastatic incidence in nude mice with osteosarcoma
Authors: Kamei Setsuya , Sakayama Kenshi , Tamashiro Shinta , Aizawa Junichi , Miyawaki Joji , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Yamamoto Haruyasu , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Masuno Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether ketoprofen (KP) in topical formulation affected the tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis of LM8 cells, which were inoculated subcutaneously into the back space of male nude mice. At 7 days after inoculation, the tumor was treated topically for 3 weeks with either a KP‐containing patch (KP group) or a placebo‐containing patch (placebo group). The pulmonary metastatic incidence was 100% in the placebo group and 60% in the KP group. The tumor mass of the KP group without pulmonary metastasis, termed the KP/metastasis(−) group, was smaller than that of the placebo group. Immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL), matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed. The tumors of the KP/metastasis(−) group contained fewer PCNA‐positive cells and many more TUNEL‐positive cells in comparison to the placebo group. In the placebo group, MMP‐2 and VEGF were extensively expressed within the tumor, whereas in the KP/metastasis(−) group the expression of these two proteins was very low. In conclusion, the topical treatment of osteosarcoma with KP decreased the expression of MMP‐2 and VEGF, thus resulting in the suppression of tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 909–915, 2009
Kinetics of the reaction of pure CO2 with N‐methyldiethanolamine in aqueous solutions
Authors: Camacho Fernando , Sánchez Sebastián , Pacheco Rafael , La Rubia M. Dolores , Sánchez Antonio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe process of pure carbon dioxide absorption is analyzed in aqueous solutions of N‐methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). The experiments were made in a stirred tank reactor with a plane and known interface area. The variables considered were the MDEA concentration within the range 0.1–3.0 M and the temperature in the interval 288–313 K. From the results, we deduce that the process takes place under isothermal conditions and moderately fast regime, with second‐order kinetics. We determined a reaction order of one with respect to the amine, and an expression for the kinetic constant valid throughout the entire range of temperatures and concentrations assayed ln k = 22.4 − 6243.5/T. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 204–214, 2009
Thermal decomposition of monomethylhydrazine: Shock tube experiments and kinetic modeling
Authors: Sun Hongyan , Catoire Laurent , Law Chung K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of gaseous monomethylhydrazine (MMH) was studied by recording MMH absorption at 220 nm of the reacting gas behind a reflected shock wave at temperatures of 900–1370 K, pressures of 140–450 kPa, and in mixtures containing 97.5–99 mol% argon. Based on previous work (Sun and Law; J Phys Chem A 2007, 111(19), 3748–3760), a kinetic mechanism was developed over extended temperature and pressure ranges to model these experimental data. Specifically, the temperature and pressure dependence of the unimolecular rate coefficients on the dissociation of MMH and the associated radicals were calculated by the QRRK/Master equation analysis at temperatures of 300–2000 K and pressures of 1–100 atm based on published thermochemical and kinetic parameters. They were then fitted using the Troe formalism and incorporated in the kinetic model. This unadjusted model was then used to predict the MMH decomposition profiles at different temperatures and pressures for seven groups of MMH/Ar mixtures and the half‐life decomposition times from shock tube experiments. Good agreement was observed below 940 K and above 1150 K for the diluted MMH/Ar mixtures. The model predictions further show that the overall MMH decomposition rate follows first‐order kinetics, and that the N–N bond scission is the most sensitive reaction path for the modeling of the homogeneous decomposition of MMH at elevated pressures. However, the model predictions deviate from the experimental data with the incubation period of ca. 100 μs observed in the 1030–1090 K temperature range, and it also predicts longer ignition delays for highly concentrated MMH/Ar mixtures. The discrepancy between the model predictions and experimental data at these special conditions of MMH decomposition was analyzed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 176–186, 2009
Quantitative iTRAQ proteome and comparative transcriptome analysis of elicitor‐induced Norway spruce (Picea abies) cells reveals elements of calcium signaling in the early conifer defense response
Authors: Lippert Dustin N. , Ralph Steven G. , Phillips Michael , White Rick , Smith Derek , Hardie Darryl , Gershenzon Jonathan , Ritland Kermit , Borchers Christoph H. , Bohlmann Jörg 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLong‐lived conifer trees depend on both constitutive and induced defenses for resistance against a myriad of potential pathogens and herbivores. In species of spruce (Picea spp.), several of the late events of pathogen‐, insect‐, or elicitor‐induced defense responses have previously been characterized at the anatomical, biochemical, transcriptome, and proteome levels in stems and needles. However, accurately measuring the early events of induced cellular responses in a conifer is technically challenging due to limitations in the precise timing of induction and tissue sampling from intact trees following insect or fungal treatment. In the present study, we used the advantages of Norway spruce (Picea abies) cell suspensions combined with chitosan elicitation to investigate the early proteome response in a conifer. A combination of iTRAQ labeling and a new design of iterative sample analysis employing data‐dependent exclusion lists were used for proteome analysis. This approach improved the coverage of the spruce proteome beyond that achieved in any prior study in a conifer system. Comparison of elicitor‐induced proteome and transcriptome responses in Norway spruce cells consistently identified features associated with calcium‐mediated signaling and response to oxidative stress that have not previously been observed in the response of intact trees to fungal attack.
Molecular and Evolutionary Analysis of the Hd6 Photoperiod Sensitivity Gene Within Genus Oryza
Authors: Yamane Hiroko , Ito Tomoko , Ishikubo Harumi , Fujisawa Masaki , Yamagata Harumi , Kamiya Kozue , Ito Yukiyo , Hamada Masao , Kanamori Hiroyuki , Ikawa Hiroshi , Katayose Yuichi , Wu Jianzhong , Sasaki Takuji , Matsumoto Takashi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Heading date determines rice’s adaptation to its area and cropping season. We analyzed the molecular evolution of the Hd6 quantitative trait locus for photoperiod sensitivity in a total of 20 cultivated varieties and wild rice species and found 74 polymorphic sites within its coding region (1,002 bp), of which five were nonsynonymous substitutions. Thus, natural mutations and modifications of the coding region of Hd6 within the genus Oryza have been suppressed during its evolution; this is supported by low Ka (≤0.003) and Ka/Ks (≤0.576) values between species, indicating purifying selection for a protein-coding gene. A nonsynonymous substitution detected in the japonica variety “Nipponbare” (a premature stop codon and nonfunctional allele) was found within only some local Japanese japonica varieties, which suggests that this point mutation happened recently, probably after the introduction of Chinese rice to Japan, and is likely involved in rice adaptation to high latitudes. Phylogenetic analysis and genome divergence using the entire Hd6 genomic region confirmed the current taxonomic sections of Oryza and supported the hypothesis of independent domestication of indica and japonica rice.
KILLING THE CONDEMNED: THE PRACTICE AND PROCESS OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN BRITISH AFRICA, 1900–1950s
Authors: HYND STACEY 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTCapital punishment in British colonial Africa was not just a method of crime control or individual punishment, but an integral aspect of colonial networks of power and violence. The treatment of condemned criminals and the rituals of execution which brought their lives to an end illustrate the tensions within colonialism surrounding the relationship between these states and their subjects, and with their metropolitan overlords. The state may have had the legal right to kill its subjects, but this right and the manner in which it was enacted were contested. This article explores the interactions between various actors in this penal ‘theatre of death’, looking at the motivations behind changing uses of the death penalty, the treatment of the condemned convicts whilst they awaited death, and the performance of a hanging itself to show how British colonial governments in Africa attempted to create and manage the deaths of their condemned subjects.
Marriage patterns in Greece during the twentieth century
Authors: GAVALAS VASILIS S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTTypologies of marriage patterns in early modern Europe have been formulated by John Hajnal and Peter Laslett. However, demographic and anthropological studies have noticed that marriage patterns in the Balkan area have exhibited such great variability that it is difficult to classify them in any of the categories proposed by Laslett. This article examines the marriage patterns in Greece and some of her island populations in the time-span of the twentieth century. Although the marriage patterns examined do not conform to any pre-defined typology, it seems that up to the first half of the twentieth century the pattern of mainland Greece constituted an intermediate case between the West and the East European marriage patterns but that that on the islands was totally different. The marriage patterns on the Ionian Islands had more features in common with the West European pattern, while the marriage pattern of the Cyclades reveals certain characteristics (but not all) of the Mediterranean pattern.
Sale or gratuitous transfer? Conveyance of family estates in a manufacturing village: Lumezzane in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Authors: TEDESCHI PAOLO 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThis article illustrates various characteristics of the real-estate market in Lumezzane, a village in the Lombard Prealps between the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. It reveals the types of property sold, the objectives of the buyers and sellers, the prices paid and, in some cases, the credit arrangements undertaken. The research indicates the relationship between the credit market and the type of manufacture in the region. Particular institutions, most notably religious foundations known as the Luoghi Pii, as well as private individuals, provided capital to artisans in the absence of banks. This availability of credit at favourable rates allowed artisans to produce manufactured goods at a competitive price even in difficult economic times. The importance of industry in the region both influenced strategies of inheritance and limited the need for the type of out-migration that characterized most Alpine regions during the period.
Food and Genocide: Nazi Agrarian Politics in the Occupied Territories of the Soviet Union
Authors: GERHARD GESINE 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article explores the connection between food politics and genocide in the occupied eastern territories. The examination focuses on Herbert Backe, the ‘second man’ in the agricultural administration during the period of Nazi rule. Backe was in charge of food rationing during the war, and was involved in the planning of the economic exploitation of the Soviet Union after the invasion. Under Backe's directive, food policy turned into ‘starvation policy’ for people in the occupied lands of the Soviet Union. The author uses a range of archival sources, including rarely used personal letters and diaries of Backe and his wife, to understand Backe's role and motivations.
Comment on “Long‐Term Global Heating From Energy Use”
Authors: Fleming James R. 
Published: December 2008

In a prominent article published in Tellus in 1969, Mikhail I. Budyko, with the Main Geophysical Observatory, Leningrad, Soviet Union, wrote that “all the energy used by man is transformed into heat, the main portion of this energy being an additional source of heat as compared to the present radiation gain” [Budyko, 1969, p. 618]. He pointed out that this heating was over and above any climate forcing from anthropogenic greenhouse gases and—since energy use was growing geometrically—it was likely to result in the retreat of the cryosphere, accompanied by excessive and potentially damaging global warming, perhaps in 200 years or less.Eric J. Chaisson, in Eos (“Long‐Term Global Heating From Energy Use,” 89(28), 253254, 2008), does not acknowledge Budyko's research. Chaisson cites cosmic history and the history of the human species, but he provides no references to the conceptual history of the idea that human energy use could result in global heating. Budyko first published on the Earth's heat budget in 1948 and in 1998 received the Blue Planet Prize, sponsored by the Asahi Glass Foundation, for his lifetime accomplishments in quantitative climatology.
Endogenous human brain dynamics recover slowly following cognitive effort
Authors: Suckling John , Barnes Anna , Bullmore Ed 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn functional magnetic resonance imaging, the brain's response to experimental cognitive tasks is usually assumed to be independent of endogenous oscillations. To test this assumption, we measured fractal scaling of fMRI time-series before and after a working memory task. Prolonged and task difficulty-related changes in post-task 'resting' data suggest that brain dynamics recover slowly from cognitive effort, contrary to the reflexive model that background oscillations are independent of task performance.
Anomalous news translation
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A. 
Published: December 2008

In recent years, several authors have underlined the need to enforce a critical approach to translation studies in order to explore ideologies in both source and target languages and cultures (Hermans 1999; Baker 2006). In this article we shall study BBCMundo’s news web texts and their source English BBCWorld reports from a critical approach. The article is divided into three sections. Firstly, we analyse two series of news texts. We shall discuss the use of headlines in the STs and TTs and proceed to study the strategies used in the main bodies of the reports, notably omissions, additions and permutations. Secondly, we shall concentrate on a case study in an attempt to gain further insight into the interplay of translational and editorial procedures within the Spanish service of the BBC. In a final section, we shall carry out the discussion about the ideological implications of the translational strategies identified in the previous sections.
Long-term Survival and Seed Transmission of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli in Melon and Watermelon Seed
Authors: Block C. C. , Shepherd L. M. 
Published: December 2008

Seed transmission of A. avenae subsp. citrulli is key in the dissemination of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits. This study reports its survival and seed transmission from watermelon and melon seed lots that were more than 30 yr old. The longest previously-reported survival of A. avenae subsp. citrulli was from 19-yr-old watermelon seed and the longest reported survival for any seedborne bacterial plant pathogen was 24 yr for Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens from common bean seed. Accepted for publication 19 September 2008. Published 19 December 2008.
Catechin, green tea component, causes caspase‐independent necrosis‐like cell death in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Iwasaki Reo , Ito Kinji , Ishida Takaomi , Hamanoue Makoto , Adachi Souichi , Watanabe Toshiki , Sato Yuko 
Published: December 2008

Management strategies of chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have been revolutionized due to the discovery of a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib (Gleevec, STI571), which is substantially improving median survival. However, emergence of imatinib‐resistance has put up a serious problem that requires novel treatment methods. Catechins, polyphenolic compounds in green tea, are gathering much attention due to their potential antitumor effects. So far (–)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), the most abundant component of catechin, has been shown to cause typical apoptosis in several tumor cell lines in most cases through activation of caspases. In this study, we showed that EGCG predominantly caused necrosis‐like cell death via a caspase‐independent mechanism in CML cells, K562 and C2F8, whereas imatinib induced the typical apoptotic cell death. Moreover, this caspase‐independent cell death partially mediated the release of apoptosis‐inducing factor, AIF, and serine protease, HtrA2/Omi, from the mitochondria to cytosol. In addition, EGCG enhanced the imatinib‐induced cell death (P < 0.01) resulting in additive cell death in K562 cells and EGCG alone, effectively reduced the viability of imatinib‐resistant K562 cells (P < 0.01). Catechin is a possible candidate for an antitumor agent that causes cell death in CML cells via a caspase‐independent mechanism. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 349–356)
Large‐scale quantitative clinical proteomics by label‐free liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Negishi Ayako , Ono Masaya , Handa Yasushi , Kato Hidenori , Yamashita Kohki , Honda Kazufumi , Shitashige Miki , Satow Reiko , Sakuma Tomohiro , Kuwabara Hideya , Omura Ken , Hirohashi Setsuo , Yamada Tesshi 
Published: December 2008

We previously reported the development of an integrated proteome platform, namely 2‐Dimensional Image Converted Analysis of Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (2DICAL), for quantitative comparison of large peptide datasets generated by nano‐flow liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS). The key technology of 2DICAL was the precise adjustment of the retention time of LC by dynamic programming. In order to apply 2DICAL to clinical studies that require comparison of a large number of patient samples we further refined the calculation algorithm and increased the accuracy and speed of the peptide peak alignment using a greedy algorithm, which had been used for fast DNA sequence alignment. The peptide peaks of each sample with the same m/z were extracted every 1 m/z and displayed with along the horizontal axis. Here we report a precise comparison of more than 150 000 typtic peptide ion peaks derived from 70 serum samples (40 patients with uterine endometrial cancer and 30 controls). The levels of 49 MS peaks were found to differ significantly between cancer patients and controls (P < 0.01, Welch's t‐test and interquartile range [IQR] of >40), and the differential expression and identification of selected three proteins was validated by immunoblotting. 2DICAL was is highly advantageous for large‐scale clinical proteomics because of its simple procedure, high throughput, and quantification accuracy. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 514–519)