bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Studies of Metallocene‐Catalyzed Copolymerization of Propene with 10‐Undecene‐1‐ol Using In‐Line FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Sahre Karin , Schulze Ulrich , Eichhorn Klaus‐J. , Voit Brigitte 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study describes the quantitative monitoring of the metallocene‐catalyzed copolymerization of propene with 10‐undecene‐1‐ol (UO) by in‐line ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy in order to obtain kinetic data. For the description of the time dependency of this copolymerization reaction a pseudo‐first‐order rate law was used. The apparent rate constant kapp of the comonomer consumption could be determined by evaluation of the integral absorbances of characteristic IR bands of the double bond of UO and of special IR determined concentration profiles of that comonomer using chemometric tools. The apparent rate constants determined by the integral absorbances of the ν CC band (stretching vibrations) range of 0.32–0.66 × 10−4 s−1 whereas evaluation of the absolute concentrations of the comonomer yields rate constants of 0.29–0.57 × 10−4 s−1. Variations within the rate constants obtained from different experimental runs point to a certain complexity of the reaction and a significant dependence of the copolymerization on the exact polymerization procedure.magnified image
Production of Thermoplastic Starch/MMT‐Sorbitol Nanocomposites by Dual‐Melt Extrusion Processing
Authors: Ma Xiaofei , Yu Jiugao , Wang Ning 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA “green” processing method, dual‐melt extrusion, was used to prepare thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite nanocomposites without organic reactions in the solution. XRD demonstrates that sorbitol enlarged the interlayer distance of MMT during the first step. MMT‐sorbitol, formamide and starch were used to obtain TPS/MMT nanocomposites in the second step. XRD and TEM reveal that TPS intercalated the layers of MMT. With increasing MMT content, improvements in thermal stability, tensile strength, Young's modulus and energy break, and a slight decrease of elongation at break, appeared. The effect of water content on the tensile strength and elongation at break was also studied.magnified image
Chemical Approach to Functional Artificial Opals
Authors: Lange Birger , Fleischhaker Friederike , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: June 2007

AbstractArtificial opals are self‐assembled colloidal crystals, which consist of a cubic dense packing (fcc) of hard (not film‐forming) colloids with diameters ranging from 200 to 900 nm. Because of their periodic nanostructure the assemblies are able to reflect light that matches their periodicity, i.e., UV‐ to IR‐radiation depending on the size of the colloids. Thus, they present a subgroup of ‘photonic crystals’. While, originally, the chemistry inside the colloids and the resulting opals was of minor significance, nowadays the chemical variation of opals is becoming more and more important for the preparation of functional and patterned opals. The search for functional opals is, therefore, especially focused on four topics: I) coloring agents, II) incorporation of fluorescent materials, III) replication, and IV) the controlled incorporation of defects.magnified image
Layer‐by‐Layer Spin Self‐Assembled Hole Injection Layers Containing a Perfluorinated Ionomer for Efficient Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Park Juhyun , Kwon Youngnam , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDeposition of hole injection layers including a perfluorinated ionomer has been demonstrated using layer‐by‐layer spin self‐assembly for enhanced device efficiency and lifetime in PLEDs. We show that the LBL spin self‐assembled thin films enable to control work functions of indium‐tin oxide anodes by changing the PFI concentration and that a resulting green‐emitting device has an enhanced luminescence efficiency and 18 times longer half lifetime than a device using a conventional HIL. We also fabricate a gradient of energy levels by the LBL self‐assembly of the PFI that results in a work function of 5.74 eV, which can be used to improve carrier injection even for an emitting layer whose ionization potential is over 5.7 eV.magnified image
A proposed COX‐2 and PGE2 receptor interaction in UV‐exposed mouse skin
Authors: Chun Kyung‐Soo , Langenbach Robert 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe cyclooxygenases (COX‐1 and COX‐2) and the prostaglandins (PGs) they generate play a major role in the skin's response to sunlight. Sunlight, especially the ultraviolet B (UVB) component, induces COX‐2 and increases PG levels. However, PGs can have both beneficial and adverse cutaneous effects. To elucidate the roles of the COXs and the PGs they generate in response to UVB exposure, experiments with the COX‐1‐ and COX‐2‐deficient mice have provided insight into the specific roles of each isoform. Furthermore, because PGE2 is the major PG produced following UV exposure and PGE2 manifests its biological activity via four membrane receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4), elucidating contributions of these receptors is essential for understanding the roles of PGs in UVB‐induced effects. In this review, we summarize recent findings from the COX‐deficient mice showing how COX‐2 generated PGE2 acting via the receptors EP2 and EP4 could contribute to short term beneficial, but also contribute to long‐term carcinogenic effects in response to UVB exposure. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant Tourette syndrome
Authors: Cheung Min‐Yuen Cynthia , Shahed Joohi , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was to draw attention to potentially life‐threatening symptoms associated with Tourette syndrome (TS) and to explore their relationship to TS comorbidities. Medical records of all patients with TS evaluated at our Movement Disorders Clinic between July 2003 and July 2006 were reviewed. Data on patients with malignant TS, defined as ≥2 emergency room (ER) visits or ≥1 hospitalizations for TS symptoms or its associated behavioral comorbidities, were entered into a dataset and analyzed. Five illustrative cases are described. Of 333 TS patients evaluated during the 3‐year period, 17 (5.1%) met the criteria for malignant TS. Hospital admission or ER visits were for tic‐related injuries, self‐injurious behavior (SIB), uncontrollable violence and temper, and suicidal ideation/attempts. Compared with patients with nonmalignant TS, those with malignant TS were significantly more likely to have a personal history of obsessive compulsive behavior/disorder (OCB/OCD), complex phonic tics, coprolalia, copropraxia, SIB, mood disorder, suicidal ideation, and poor response to medications. Although TS is rarely a disabling disorder, about 5% of patients referred to a specialty clinic have life‐threatening symptoms. Malignant TS is associated with greater severity of motor symptoms and the presence of ≥2 behavioral comorbidities. OCD/OCB in particular may play a central role in malignant TS; obsessive compulsive qualities were associated with life‐threatening tics, SIB, and suicidal ideation. Malignant TS is more refractory to medical treatment than nonmalignant TS. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Formation and structure elucidation of two novel spiro[2H‐indol]‐3(1H)‐ones
Authors: Košmrlj Janez , Kafka Stanislav , Leban Ivan , Grad Marjeta 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe molecular structures of two byproducts 1,1″‐diphenyl‐3′,4′‐dihydrodispiro[indole‐2,2′‐furan‐5′,2″‐indole]‐3,3″(1H, 1″H)‐dione (3) and 1,5′‐diphenyl‐4′,5′‐dihydro‐3′H‐spiro[indole‐2,2′‐pyrano[3,2‐b]indol]‐3(1H)‐one (4), which accompanied the rearrangement of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenylquinoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione (1) to 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐indol‐3‐one (2), have been elucidated by NMR, MS, and X‐ray diffraction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilizing unsymmetrical indirect covariance processing to define 15N13C connectivity networks
Authors: Martin Gary E. , Irish Patrick A. , Hilton Bruce D. , Blinov Kirill A. , Williams Antony J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere has been considerable interest over the past decade in the utilization of direct and long‐range 1H15N heteronuclear shift correlation methods at natural abundance to facilitate the elucidation of small molecule structures. Recently, there has also been a high level of interest in the exploration of indirect covariance NMR methods. Our initial explorations in this area led to the development of unsymmetrical indirect covariance methods, which allow the calculation of hyphenated 2D NMR spectra such as 2D GHSQC‐COSY and GHSQC‐NOESY from the discrete component 2D NMR experiments. We now wish to report the utilization of unsymmetrical indirect covariance NMR methods for the combination of 1H13C GHSQC and 1H15N long‐range (GHMBC, IMPEACH‐MBC, CIGAR‐HMBC, etc.) heteronuclear chemical shift correlation spectra to determine 15N13C correlation pathways. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Federal family and disability policy: Special relevance for developmental disabilities
Authors: Turnbull H. Rutherford , Stowe Matthew J. , Agosta John , Turnbull Ann P. , Schrandt M. Suzanne , Muller John F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe article reviews the federal statutes and relevant decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court that constitute the core concepts of disability policy and their application to persons with disabilities (especially developmental disabilities) and their families. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:114–120.
The implications of no child left behind for students with developmental disabilities
Authors: Wakeman Shawnee Y. , Browder Diane M. , Meier Irene , McColl Ann 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a review of current research and the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation, this paper focuses on two specific issues: (a) how students with developmental disabilities show adequate yearly progress, including a description of the assessments in which this population may participate, and (b) the policy issues surrounding NCLB including technical requirements of alternate assessments, alignment of content standards, assessments, and instruction, the requirement of all teachers to be highly qualified, and the relationship between NCLB and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA, 2004). Areas for future research are identified through a review of relevant literature. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:143–150.
Residential supports for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Lakin K. Charlie , Stancliffe Roger J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article reviews the current and changing status of residential supports for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (ID/DD). It examines four major trends in those supports: (1) Decreasing use of larger institutions and increasing use of community housing; (2) Decreasing size among community settings; (3) Increasing numbers of people living in homes that they themselves own or rent; and (4) Decreasing out‐of‐home placements of children and youth. Within each trend the article provides a statistical description of the trend, its foundation in public policy, reviews the evidence of the trend's benefit to people with ID/DD, and identifies future challenges in sustaining the trend. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:151–159.
Emerging policy challenges in intellectual disabilities
Authors: Fujiura Glenn T. , Parish Susan L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe forces shaping intellectual disability policy‐making are diverse; while many of the policy issues reviewed in this issue are specific to intellectual disabilities, there are others that transcend disability‐specific concerns. Our review is organized around six emerging demographic and socio‐cultural trends that may directly and profoundly impact the intellectual disability field: aging, changing labor markets, immigration, families, federalism, and culture. Each of these trends is discussed in terms of their relevance and potential impact on disability policy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:188–194.
A stepwise damping‐solvent extraction method for large‐scale dynamic soil–structure interaction analysis in time domain
Authors: Li J. B. , Yang J. , Lin G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTime‐domain analysis of dynamic soil–structure interaction based on the substructure method plays an increasing role in practical applications as compared with the frequency‐domain analysis. Efficient and accurate modelling of the unbounded soil or rock medium has been a key issue in such an analysis. This paper presents a subregional stepwise damping‐solvent extraction formulation for solving large‐scale dynamic soil–structure problems in the time domain. Accuracy and efficiency of the formulation are evaluated in detail for a classical problem involving a rigid strip foundation embedded in a half‐space. A practical large‐scale soil–structure interaction problem, which represents a high concrete gravity dam subjected to seismic load, is then
analysed using the proposed method. Various responses of the dam, including time histories of the crest displacement and acceleration and contours of the peak principal stresses within the dam body, are presented. Comparisons are also made between these results with those obtained using other models for the unbounded medium. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vertical vibration of an elastic strip footing on saturated soil
Authors: Cai Y. Q. , Cheng Y. M. , Alfred Au S. K. , Xu C. J. , Ma X. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBased on Biot's dynamic coupled equations, the vertical vibration of an elastic
strip footing on the surface of saturated soil is studied. Utilizing the Fourier transform, the governing dynamic differential equations for saturated poroelastic medium are solved. Considering the mixed boundary value conditions at the bottom of the foundation, a pair of dual integral equations about the vertical vibration of an elastic strip footing is derived, which can be converted to a set of linear equations by means of infinite series of orthogonal functions. The relation between the dynamic compliance coefficients and the dimensionless frequency tends to be gentle with decreasing footing rigidity, while the dimensionless frequency has only small effect on the dynamic compliance coefficients. When the dynamic permeability is large, its effect on the dynamic compliance coefficients should be taken into consideration. Furthermore, the dynamic compliance coefficients are found to be not sensitive to Poisson's ratio of the soil for footing on saturated soil. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Settlements and stresses of multi‐layered grounds and improved grounds by equivalent elastic method
Authors: Hirai Hiroyoshi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe investigation of equivalent elastic method is made to predict settlements and stresses of multi‐layered grounds and improved grounds. Analytical models to represent the heterogeneous elastic properties of layers in vertical and horizontal directions for multi‐layered grounds and improved grounds are proposed in taking into account the equivalent elastic modulus and the equivalent thickness. By introducing the equivalent thickness derived from Terzaghi's formula of the vertical stress, the equivalent elastic method of using the equivalent elastic modulus and the equivalent thickness is applied to the formulations concerning immediate settlements and vertical stresses in multi‐layered grounds and improved grounds. Comparison is performed between rigorous solutions and simulations for immediate settlements and vertical stresses in multi‐layered grounds and improved grounds. It is found that the proposed method is able to describe properly the characteristics of distributions for settlements and vertical stresses in
multi‐layered grounds and improved grounds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of nocturia in a Korean population aged 40 to 89 years
Authors: Choo Myung‐Soo , Ku Ja Hyeon , Park Choal Hee , Lee You Sik , Lee Kyu‐Sung , Lee Jeong Gu , Park Won‐Hee 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of nocturia in Korea, to examine the relationship between nocturia and demographic variables, and to determine the impact of nocturia on daily living.MethodsA national telephone survey using quota sampling methods was conducted in Korea. The clinically validated computer‐assisted telephone interview approach was used for the survey.ResultsOf 2005 subjects (1,005 women and 1,000 men) interviewed, 33.5% reported voiding once per night and 48.2% twice or more per night. Nocturia increased with age among both genders and was more common among young women than young men. In all subjects, multivariate analysis indicated that female gender, older age and an overweight condition were independent risk factors. Body mass index was associated with an increased likelihood of nocturia in male but not in female subjects. In female subjects, the likelihood of at least one night‐time void was related to delivery number (odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.32). An impact of nocturia on daily life was reported by 14.6% of subjects and only 3.8% (4.0% of men and 3.7% of women) sought medical care. Commonly reported reasons for not seeking medical care were the belief that nocturia is a normal consequence of aging or is not a disease (92.8% of subjects reporting an impact of nocturia on daily life).ConclusionsAlthough nocturia is highly prevalent in the Korean population, it has only a minor impact on daily living, and few individuals seek medical care. Our study provides a valuable insight into the need for tailored nocturia education addressed to the population who view the condition as trivial. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Copolymerization ofsec‐butenyl acetate with styrene via emulsion polymerization
Authors: Alidedeoglu Alp H. , Dutta Sandipan , Misra Rahul , Rawlins James W. , Morgan Sarah E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe incorporation of allylic monomers into highly reactive vinyl polymerizations provides a means to control molecular weight, conversion, and Trommsdorff effect to produce copolymers with desirable performance characteristics. The copolymerization behavior of styrene withsec‐butenyl acetate, whose copolymerization properties have not been reported, is investigated. Copolymers were produced via semicontinuous emulsion polymerization and characterized via NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. A high degree of chain termination due to allylic hydrogen abstraction was observed, as expected, with resultant decreases in molecular weight and in monomer conversion. However, high conversions were achieved, and it was possible to incorporate high percentages of the allylic acetate comonomer into the polymer chain. Copolymer thermal properties are reported. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3191–3203, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of light‐emitting main‐chain metallo‐polymers containing bis‐terpyridyl ligands with various lateral substituents
Authors: Chen Yi‐Yu , Lin Hong‐Cheu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA series of conjugated monomers (5a‐5d) with various lateral substituents were symmetrically synthesized by the Sonogashira coupling reaction, in which central aromatic units (i.e. 9,9‐dipropylfluorenes) were linked to 2,2′:6′,2′‐terpyridyl (tpy) units via phenylene/ethynylene fragments. These light‐emitting monomers were further reacted with zinc(II) ions and subsequently anion exchanged to produce supramolecular main‐chain metallo‐polymers (6a‐6d). The formation of polymers 6a‐6d was confirmed by the increased viscosities (up to 1.5–1.83 times) relative to those of their analogous monomers. The results of 1H NMR titration and UV‐Vis spectral titration revealed a detailed complexation process of metallo‐polymers by varying the molar ratios of zinc(II) ions to monomers. After coordination with zinc(II) ions, the luminescent and thermal properties of the polymers were enhanced by the formation of metallo‐supramolecular structures in contrast to their monomer counterparts. PLED devices employing these metallo‐polymers as emitters gave yellow to orange electroluminescence (EL) emissions with turn‐on voltages around 6 V. The maximum power efficiency, external quantum yield, and brightness of the PLED device containing polymer 6c were 0.33 cd A−1 (at 14 V), 1.02%, and 931 cd m−2 (at 14 V), respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3243–3255, 2007
Core‐shell microspheres with surface grafted poly(vinyl alcohol) as drug carriers for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nguyen T. L. Uyen , Farrugia Brooke , Davis Thomas P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Stenzel Martina H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCore(polyvinyl neodecanoate‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate)‐shell(polyvinyl alcohol) (core (P(VND‐EGDMA))‐shell(PVA)) microspheres were developed by seeded polymerization with the use of conventional free radical and RAFT/MADIX mediated polymerization. Poly(vinyl pivalate) PVPi was grafted onto microspheres prepared via suspension polymerization of vinylneodecanoate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. The amount of grafted polymer was found to be independent from the technique used with conventional free radical polymerization and MADIX polymerization resulting into similar shell thicknesses. Both systems—grafting via free radical polymerization or the MADIX process—were found to follow slightly different kinetics. While the free radical polymerization resulted in a weight gain linear with the monomer consumption in solution the growth in the MADIX controlled system experienced a delay. The core‐shell microspheres were obtained by hydrolysis of the poly(vinyl pivalate) surface grafted brushes to form poly(vinyl alcohol). During hydrolysis the microspheres lost a significant amount of weight, consistent with the hydrolysis of 40–70% of all VPi units. Drug loading was found to be independent of the shell layer thickness, suggesting that the drug loading is governed by the amount of bulk material. The shell layer does not appear to represent an obstacle to the drug ingress. Cell testing using colorectal cancer cell lines HT 29 confirm the biocompatibility of the empty microspheres whereas the clofazimine loaded particles lead to 50% cell death, confirming the release of the drug. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3256–3272, 2007
Preparation and properties of polyethoxysilsesquioxane‐C60 hybrids
Authors: Gunji Takahiro , Sakai Yosuke , Arimitsu Koji , Abe Yoshimoto 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFree‐standing films of C60‐polyethoxysiloxane hybrids were prepared, and their optical limiting properties were evaluated. Triethoxysilylated C60, with a formula of H3C60[Si(OEt)3]3, was synthesized by the hydrolysilylation of C60 with triethoxysilane in the presence of platinum catalyst. C60‐polyethoxysiloxanes were prepared by a cohydrolytic polycondensation of triethoxysilylated C60 with tetraethoxysilane in a molar ratio of Si/C60 = 10–1000 under nitrogen flow. The molecular weight of C60‐polyethoxysiloxane increased with a decrease of Si/C60. Transparent and flexible free‐standing films were prepared by aging an ethanol solution of C60‐polyethoxysiloxane at 80 °C for 6–8 days. The mechanical strength and Young's modulus increased with a decrease in Si/C60. These free‐standing films showed an optical limiting property, for which the threshold value decreased from 1163 mJ/cm2 (Si/C60 = 1000) to 130 mJ/cm2 (Si/C60 = 10) with a decrease of Si/C60. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3273–3279, 2007