bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in prognostic factors and survival among white and Asian men with prostate cancer, California, 1995–2004
Authors: Robbins Anthony S. , Koppie Theresa M. , Gomez Scarlett L. , Parikh‐Patel Arti , Mills Paul K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.There are very limited data concerning survival from prostate cancer among Asian subgroups living in the U.S., a large proportion of whom reside in California. There do not appear to be any published data on prostate cancer survival for the more recently immigrated Asian subgroups (Korean, South Asian [SA], and Vietnamese).METHODS.A study of prognostic factors and survival from prostate cancer was conducted in non‐Hispanic whites and 6 Asian subgroups (Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, SA, and Vietnamese), using data from all men in California diagnosed with incident prostate cancer during 1995–2004 and followed through 2004 (n = 116,916). Survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.RESULTS.Whites and Asians demonstrated significant racial differences in all prognostic factors: age, summary stage, primary treatment, histologic grade, socioeconomic status, and year of diagnosis. Every Asian subgroup had a risk factor profile that put them at a survival disadvantage compared with whites. Overall, the 10‐year risk of death from prostate cancer was 11.9%. However, in unadjusted analyses Japanese men had significantly better survival than whites; Chinese, Filipino, Korean, and Vietnamese men had statistically equal survival; and SA men had significantly lower survival. On multivariate analyses adjusting for all prognostic factors, all subgroups except SA and Vietnamese men had significantly better survival than whites; the latter 2 groups had statistically equal survival.CONCLUSIONS.Traditional prognostic factors for survival from prostate cancer do not explain why most Asian men have better survival compared with whites, but they do explain the poorer survival of SA men compared with whites. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Within‐stage racial differences in tumor size and number of positive lymph nodes in women with breast cancer
Authors: McBride Russell , Hershman Dawn , Tsai Wei‐Yann , Jacobson Judith S. , Grann Victor , Neugut Alfred I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Black women have higher breast cancer mortality rates, are more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease, and have worse stage‐for‐stage survival than white women. It was hypothesized that differences in the tumor size and number of positive lymph nodes within each disease stage contribute to the survival disparity.METHODS.In the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, black and white women diagnosed with a first primary tumor (TNM stage I‐IIIA breast cancer) between 1988 and 2003 were identified. The demographic and clinical characteristics were compared by race. Logistic regression models of the association between race and tumor size and lymph node status were developed. Cox proportional hazards models of the association between mortality and race, tumor size, lymph node status, and other covariates were also examined.RESULTS.Among 256,174 SEER cases (21,861 black and 234,313 white women), more black than white women with lymph node‐negative breast cancer had tumors measuring ≥2.0 cm. Adjusted for tumor size, more black than white women had ≥1 positive lymph nodes (odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.20–1.28). The age‐adjusted and TNM stage‐adjusted mortality rate ratio for blacks versus whites was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.51–1.61). Adjustment for within‐stage differences in tumor size and lymph node involvement were found to have a negligible effect. With adjustment for additional covariates, the rate ratio was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.35–1.44). In addition, the rate ratio reflecting racial disparity increased as the stage of disease increased.CONCLUSIONS.Adjusting for within‐stage differences in tumor size and lymph node status did not appear to reduce the racial disparity. The finding that disparities increased with higher stage of disease suggests that interventions aimed at reducing these differences should target women with more advanced disease. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Magnetic resonance image‐guided salvage brachytherapy after radiation in select men who initially presented with favorable‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Nguyen Paul L. , Chen Ming‐Hui , D'Amico Anthony V. , Tempany Clare M. , Steele Graeme S. , Albert Michele , Cormack Robert A. , Carr‐Locke David L. , Bleday Ronald , Suh W. Warren 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The authors prospectively evaluated the late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) control of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided brachytherapy used as salvage for radiation therapy (RT) failure.METHODS.From October 2000 to October 2005, 25 men with a rising PSA level and biopsy‐proven, intraprostatic cancer at least 2 years after initial RT (external beam in 13 men and brachytherapy in 12 men) who had favorable clinical features (Gleason score ≤7, PSA < 10 ng/mL, negative pelvic and bone imaging studies), received MRI‐guided salvage brachytherapy to a minimum peripheral dose of 137 gray on a phase 1/2 protocol. Estimates of toxicity and cancer control were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTS.The median follow‐up was 47 months. The 4‐year estimate of grade 3 or 4 GI or GU toxicity was 30%, and 13% of patients required a colostomy and/or urostomy to repair a fistula. An interval < 4.5 years between RT courses was associated with both outcomes with a hazard ratio of 12 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.4–100;P= .02) for grade 3 or 4 toxicity and 25 (95% CI, 1.1–529;P= .04) for colostomy and/orurostomy. PSA control (nadir +2 definition) was 70% at 4 years.CONCLUSIONS.The current results indicated that MRI‐guided salvage brachytherapy in men who are selected based on presenting characteristics and postfailure PSA kinetics can achieve high PSA control rates, although complications requiring surgical intervention may occur in 10% to 15% of patients. Prospective randomized studies are needed to characterize the relative cancer control and toxicity after all forms of salvage local therapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Architectonic analysis of the auditory‐related areas of the superior temporal region in human brain
Authors: Fullerton Barbara C. , Pandya Deepak N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractArchitecture of auditory areas of the superior temporal region (STR) in the human was analyzed in Nissl‐stained material to see whether auditory cortex is organized according to principles that have been described in the rhesus monkey. Based on shared architectonic features, the auditory cortex in human and monkey is organized into three lines: areas in the cortex of the circular sulcus (root), areas on the supratemporal plane (core), and areas on the superior temporal gyrus (belt). The cytoarchitecture of the auditory area changes in a stepwise manner toward the koniocortical area, both from the direction of the temporal polar proisocortex as well as from the caudal temporal cortex. This architectonic dichotomy is consistent with differences in cortical and subcortical connections of STR and may be related to different functions of the rostral and caudal temporal cortices. There are some differences between rhesus monkey and human auditory anatomy. For instance, the koniocortex, root area PaI, and belt area PaA show further differentiation into subareas in the human brain. The relative volume of the core area is larger than that of the belt area in the human, but the reverse is true in the monkey. The functional significance of these differences across species is not known but may relate to speech and language functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 504:470–498, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular guidance cues necessary for axon pathfinding from the ventral cochlear nucleus
Authors: Howell David M. , Morgan Warren J. , Jarjour Andrew A. , Spirou George A. , Berrebi Albert S. , Kennedy Timothy E. , Mathers Peter H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDuring development, multiple guidance cues direct the formation of appropriate synaptic connections. Factors that guide developing axons are known for various pathways throughout the mammalian brain; however, signals necessary to establish auditory connections are largely unknown. In the auditory brainstem the neurons whose axons traverse the midline in the ventral acoustic stria (VAS) are primarily located in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) and project bilaterally to the superior olivary complex (SOC). The circumferential trajectory taken by developing VCN axons is similar to that of growing axons of spinal commissural neurons. Therefore, we reasoned that netrin‐DCC and slit‐robo signaling systems function in the guidance of VCN axons. VCN neurons express the transcription factor, mafB, as early as embryonic day (E) 13.5, thereby identifying the embryonic VCN for these studies. VCN axons extend toward the midline as early as E13, with many axons crossing by E14.5. During this time, netrin‐1 and slit‐1 RNAs are expressed at the brainstem midline. Additionally, neurons within the VCN express RNA for DCC, robo‐1, and robo‐2, and axons in the VAS are immunoreactive for DCC. VCN axons do not reach the midline of the brainstem in mice mutant for either the netrin‐1 or DCC gene. VCN axons extend in pups lacking netrin‐1, but most DCC‐mutant samples lack VCN axonal outgrowth. Stereological cell estimates indicate only a modest reduction of VCN neurons in DCC‐mutant mice. Taken together, these data show that a functional netrin‐DCC signaling system is required for establishing proper VCN axonal projections in the auditory brainstem. J. Comp. Neurol. 504:533–549, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of the cisternal organelle in the axon initial segment of cortical neurons in synaptopodin‐deficient mice
Authors: Bas Orth Carlos , Schultz Christian , Müller Christian M. , Frotscher Michael , Deller Thomas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe axon initial segment of cortical neurons contains the so‐called cisternal organelle, an enigmatic formation of stacked endoplasmic reticulum and interdigitating plates of electron‐dense material. This organelle shows many structural similarities to the spine apparatus, a cellular organelle found in a subpopulation of dendritic spines. Whereas roles in calcium signaling and protein trafficking have been proposed for the spine apparatus, little is yet known about the physiological function of its putative axonal counterpart. Considering the structural similarity of these two organelles, we hypothesized that synaptopodin, a protein essential for the formation of the dendritic spine apparatus, could also be a component of the cisternal organelle. By using immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that synaptopodin is indeed located within the axon initial segments of principal neurons in the mouse neocortex and hippocampus. Pre‐embedding immunogold labeling demonstrated a close association of synaptopodin immunoreactivity with the dense plates of cisternal organelles. In synaptopodin‐deficient mice, ultrastructural analysis of identified axon initial segments of CA1 pyramidal cells revealed a lack of cisternal organelles similar to the reported lack of spine apparatuses in these mutants. However, in vitro patch clamp recording of mutant neurons showed that the lack of cisternal organelles did not lead to any changes in basic electrophysiological parameters of action potentials. Taken together, our data demonstrate that synaptopodin is an essential component of the cisternal organelle of axons and of the dendritic spine apparatus, two organelles that are structurally and molecularly related. J. Comp. Neurol. 504:441–449, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Defects in vestibular sensory epithelia and innervation in mice with loss of Chd7 function: Implications for human CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Adams Meredith E. , Hurd Elizabeth A. , Beyer Lisa A. , Swiderski Donald L. , Raphael Yehoash , Martin Donna M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCHD7 is a chromodomain gene mutated in CHARGE syndrome, a multiple anomaly condition characterized by ocular coloboma, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, and ear defects including deafness and semicircular canal dysgenesis. Mice with heterozygous Chd7 deficiency have circling behavior and semicircular canal defects and are an excellent animal model for exploring the pathogenesis of CHARGE features. Inner ear vestibular defects have been characterized in heterozygous Chd7‐deficient embryos and early postnatal mice, but it is not known whether vestibular defects persist throughout adulthood in Chd7‐deficient mice or whether the vestibular sensory epithelia and their associated innervation and function are intact. Here we describe a detailed analysis of inner ear vestibular structures in mature mice that are heterozygous for a Chd7‐deficient, gene‐trapped allele (Chd7Gt/+). Chd7Gt/+ mice display variable asymmetric lateral and posterior semicircular canal malformations, as well as defects in vestibular sensory epithelial innervation despite the presence of intact hair cells in the target organs. These observations have important functional implications for understanding the clinical manifestations of CHD7 mutations in humans and for designing therapies to treat inner ear vestibular dysfunction. J. Comp. Neurol. 504:519–532, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Projections of the lateral reticular nucleus to the cochlear nucleus in rats
Authors: Zhan Xiping , Ryugo David K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) resides in the rostral medulla and caudal pons, is implicated in cardiovascular regulation and cranial nerve reflexes, and gives rise to mossy fibers in the cerebellum. Retrograde tracing data revealed that medium‐sized multipolar cells from the magnocellular part of the LRN project to the cochlear nucleus (CN). We sought to characterize the LRN projection to the CN using BDA injections. Anterogradely labeled terminals in the ipsilateral CN appeared as boutons and mossy fibers, and were examined with light and electron microscopy. The terminal field in the CN was restricted to the granule cell domain (GCD), specifically in the superficial layer along the anteroventral CN and in the granule cell lamina. Electron microscopy showed that the smallest LRN boutons formed 1–3 synapses, and as boutons increased in size, they formed correspondingly more synapses. The largest boutons were indistinguishable from the smallest mossy fibers, and the largest mossy fiber exhibited 15 synapses. Synapses were asymmetric with round vesicles and formed against thin dendritic profiles characterized by plentiful microtubules and the presence of fine filopodial extensions that penetrated the ending. These structural features of the postsynaptic target are characteristic of the terminal dendritic claw of granule cells. LRN projections are consistent with known organizational principles of non‐auditory inputs to the GCD. J. Comp. Neurol. 504:583–598, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pollutant release and transfer registers: examining the value of government‐led reporting on corporate environmental performance
Authors: Sullivan Rory , Gouldson Andy 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWithin this paper, we argue that the data released by companies through corporate environmental reports are of very limited value, particularly for analysts seeking to benchmark the environmental performance of different companies or sites. We also argue that the data published by governments through pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTRs) such as the US Toxic Releases Inventory (TRI) or the EU Polluting Emissions Register (EPER) are of much greater value in comparative analyses. However, we recognize that PRTRs are limited in their scope and there are differences between the PRTRs that are in place in different countries. We find then that while PRTRs can inform comparative analyses within countries, their potential to provide a basis for benchmarking across different countries has not yet been fulfilled. Nonetheless, we conclude that PRTRs often provide the best available data for benchmarking corporate environmental performance and that increases in their scope and a harmonization of their design could play a significant role in illuminating variations in corporate environmental performance over time and across space. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Corporate social and environmental responsibility in Asian countries and other geographical regions
Authors: Baughn C. Christopher , (Dusty) Bodie Nancy L. , McIntosh John C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study examines two aspects of corporate social responsibility (social and environmental CSR) in 15 Asian countries. The performance of firms in these Asian countries on the two types of CSR is also assessed relative to country economic, political and social conditions, and compared with those of other regions (Western Europe, East/Central Europe, Australia/New Zealand, US/Canada, Middle East and Africa). Drawing from over 8700 surveys of firms in 104 countries, this study demonstrates substantial country and regional differences in CSR. Firms are embedded in different country contexts, with differing underlying institutional capacities. Strong revealed relationships between CSR and country economic, political and social contexts reflect the importance of a country's development of such institutional capacity to promote and support CSR practices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A strategic integral approach (SIA) to institutionalizing CSR
Authors: Maximiano Jose Mario B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper is based on a survey of CSR completed by members of the Philippines Chamber of Commerce and Industry and a focus group discussion of CSR experts. As 166 business executives say that businesses should institutionalize CSR, which means going beyond compliance with laws and regulations, the paper proposes steps in this direction. To accomplish this the approach must be strategic and integral (SIA). Because it is good for business and the right thing to do, the first step is to practise CSR, and then to institutionalize and sustain it. The same respondents opine that it is more meaningful if CSR is made voluntary: that value based leadership or VBL (empowerment from within) can complement the regulatory approach (empowerment from without). Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the paper examines how a strategic integral approach (SIA), particularly the setting up of a strong CSR framework and a VBL, can ensure the sustainability of CSR. The study reveals that VBL is the most important component in the integration of CSR into core business and personal values of managers appear to be significantly related to managerial decisions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Regulation of heat shock protein 70 release in astrocytes: Role of signaling kinases
Authors: Taylor Anna R. , Robinson Mac B. , Gifondorwa David J. , Tytell Michael , Milligan Carolanne E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe ability to mount a successful stress response in the face of injury is critical to the long‐term viability of individual cells and to the organism in general. The stress response, characterized in part by the upregulation of heat shock proteins, is compromised in several neurodegenerative disorders and in some neuronal populations, including motoneurons (MNs). Because astrocytes have a greater capacity than neurons to survive metabolic stress, and because they are intimately associated with the regulation of neuronal function, it is important to understand their stress response, so that we may to better appreciate the impact of stress on neuronal viability during injury or disease. We show that astrocytes subjected to hyperthermia upregulate Hsp/c70 in addition to intracellular signaling components including activated forms of extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2), Akt, and c‐jun N‐terminal kinase/stress activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK). Furthermore, astrocytes release increasing amounts of Hsp/c70 into the extracellular environment following stress, an event that is abrogated when signaling through the ERK1/2 and phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K) pathways is compromised and enhanced by inhibition of the JNK pathway. Last, we show that the Hsp/c70 is released from astrocytes in exosomes. Together, these data illustrate the diverse regulation of stress‐induced Hsp/c70 release in exosomes, and the way in which the balance of activated signal transduction pathways affects this release. These data highlight how stressful insults can alter the microenvironment of an astrocyte, which may ultimately have implications for the survival of neighboring neurons. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Comparison of face‐to‐face and internet interventions for body image and eating problems in adult women: An RCT
Authors: Paxton Susan J. , McLean Siân A. , Gollings Emma K. , Faulkner Cathy , Wertheim Eleanor H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes following an eight‐session, small group, therapist‐led, intervention for body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in adult women, delivered either in face‐to‐face or synchronous, internet mode.Method:Community women with high body dissatisfaction and internet access were randomly assigned to either face‐to‐face delivery (N = 42), internet delivery (N = 37), or delayed treatment control (N = 37). All groups were assessed at baseline and 8–9 weeks later. The intervention groups were reassessed at 6‐months follow‐up.Results:Both intervention groups showed large improvements in body dissatisfaction compared with the delayed treatment control and these improvements were maintained at follow‐up. However, posttreatment improvements were greater in the face‐to‐face than internet intervention.Conclusion:In adult women, it is desirable to deliver the body image intervention in a face‐to‐face mode, but the internet mode is effective and has the potential to increase access to therapy. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Characterisation of the expression and function of the GM‐CSF receptor α‐chain in mice
Authors: Rosas Marcela , Gordon Siamon , Taylor Philip R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine able to regulate a variety of cell functions including differentiation of macrophages and granulocytes, dendritic cell development and the maintenance of homeostasis. It binds specifically to its receptor, which is composed of a cytokine‐specific α‐chain (GM‐CSF receptor α‐chain, GMRα) and a β‐chain shared with the receptors for interleukin‐3 and interleukin‐5. In this report, we present a comprehensive study of GMRα in the mouse. We have found that the mouse GMRα is polymorphic and alternatively spliced. In the absence of specific antibodies, we generated a novel chimeric protein containing the Fc fragment of human IgG1 coupled to mouse GM‐CSF, which was able to specifically bind to GMRα and induce proliferation of GMRα‐transduced Ba/F3 cells. We used this reagent to perform the first detailed FACS study of the surface expression of mouse GMRα by leucocytes. Highest expression was found on monocytes and granulocytes, and variable expression on tissue macrophages. The GM‐CSF receptor in mice is specifically expressed by myeloid cells and is useful for the detection of novel uncharacterised myeloid populations. The ability to detect GM‐CSF receptor expression in experimental studies should greatly facilitate the analysis of its role in immune pathologies.