bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Regulating Online Hate-Speech Within the Norwegian Context
Authors: Dralega Carol Azungi , Igland Torborg , Seddighi Gilda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent research shows that online hate-speech is on the rise in western societies, including in Norway. This submission builds on a broader 4-year research initiative on: “Violence-inducing Behavior Prevention in Social-Cyber Space of Local Communities” aimed at gaining deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding online hate as well as developing radical technological solutions (i.e., real-time artificial intelligence tool) to support authorities in their work against the vice. This paper addresses the former with a focus on the work of the police as one of several other community resilience stakeholders engaging in the fight against online hate-speech. The paper posits a socio-cultural, technological, and ethical analysis of the challenges, posed particularly in the enforcement of legislation on hate-speech (paragraph 185). Reflections are also included on the implication of the findings for AI development for community resilience against online hate speech.
How to Be a Well-Prepared Organizer: Studying the Causal Effects of City Events on Human Mobility
Authors: Chen Jiyuan , Wang Hongjun , Fan Zipei , Song Xuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe analysis of how city events causally affect human mobility is of critical importance. The city government will be thrilled to know how an impending event will influence mobility beforehand, so that they can either decide specifically when and where the event will be held (or not), or be more prepared for some possible circumstances such as crowd collapses and crushes. Previous research on human mobility mainly focuses on simple future prediction based on data correlation, yet the study on the underlying causal effect is woefully inadequate. Motivated by the recent tragedy, the Itaewon Halloween disaster, in this paper we try to explore the causal effects of city events on human mobility using counterfactual prediction. The main technical challenge here lies in capturing and debiasing the time-varying unobservable confounders (e.g., people’s willingness to go outdoors) that affect both the event organization and the number of event participants. Fortunately, the increasing sources of time-varying data offer the possibility to refactor such confounding effects from observation. To this end, we utilize multiple sources of observation data in New York City to construct a neural network-based causal framework, which automatically learns and balances the time-varying unobservable confounders representations and provides estimations for the ITE problem.
Modeling of the Human Cognition for the Metaverse-Oriented Design System Development
Authors: Hong Yan , Jiang Zhonghua , Guo Song , Zeng Xianyi , Li Xinping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetaverse can fully satisfy users’ design scenarios, meeting their emotional and functional imaginations without any physical constraints, and its superior functionality makes it particularly suitable for the design domain. However, because the interactivity that the Metaverse can provide has not been fully exploited, its application in the design domain has not been studied. In this paper, we propose an interactive design system for the metaverse to enhance human interaction with the metaverse and to realize the interconnection between digital and real spaces. The system is expected to integrate the physical content of the design (including product components) with the designer’s expertise. To this end, we modeled the product design process and its associated design knowledge, which is key to realizing the system. The designer’s expertise was extracted and modeled as multiple perceptual-cognitive models. A fuzzy transformer method was innovatively developed for the computational modeling of the perceptual cognitive models. Using these models, user-system interactions and interactions between virtual and real products were enhanced. This work provides a conceptual framework for a Metaverse interaction design system based on computational modeling of human perceptual cognition. The proposed system greatly extends the scope of Metaverse applications for the development of various product design systems.
I-KNOW-FOO: Interlinking and Creating Knowledge Graphs for Near-Zero CO2 Emission Diets and Sustainable FOOd Production
Authors: Simsek-Senel Görkem , Rijgersberg Hajo , Öztürk Bengü , Weits Jeroen , Fensel Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is already known that the diet of the world’s population has a massive impact on climate change. However, how climate change affects the growing conditions of ingredients for different foods and beverages, and emission rates due to, for example, production and logistics are still not known. In this work, different datasets have been explored to study the feasibility of interlinking datasets to automatically generate alternatives for climate change-sensitive food items selection and substitution. A core question to be answered is what the alternatives of the mostly consumed crops in current diets in the Netherlands in case of a climate change can be. The main crop attributes taken into account are nutritional composition and the growing conditions. The growing conditions of three most-consumed crops in the Netherlands have been linked manually to their nutritional composition data and a corresponding knowledge graph is created. This study shows that linking various data semantically promises to generate alternatives automatically.
A Comprehensive Framework for Detecting Behavioural Anomalies in the Elderly
Authors: Jain Ankit , Srivastava Abhishek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe world is seeing a rapid increase in the population of the aged. This, combined with a shortage of affordable care-giving manpower, leads to a dependence on automated systems for monitoring the well-being of the elderly and detecting abnormalities. There exist techniques based on sensors of various types to detect and recognize the daily activities of the elderly and detect anomalies. While such sensor-based techniques are effective at detecting immediate exigencies, they are unable to comprehend gradual deterioration in the behavior of the elderly indicating conditions like dementia and Alzheimer’s, for example. This aspect is also not properly addressed in the literature. This paper introduces an approach for the comprehensive detection of anomalies in the activities of the elderly using a graph-based approach. The approach employs dynamic activity graphs where anomalies are detected using a dissimilarity score. It is capable of detecting both short-term and long-term anomalies in the daily activities of the elderly.
Analysis of Autonomous Many-Body Particle Models from Geometric Perspective and Its Applications
Authors: Tsujimoto Satoshi , Kato Tsuyoshi , Kojima Ryosuke , Maeda Kazuki , Zanlungo Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBy introducing geometrical perspectives such as tropical geometry and discrete Morse theory, which have made remarkable progress, we will discuss analytical methods and the development of basic models for autonomous many-body particle interaction systems. In particular, the Burgers Cellular Automaton, which is considered to be the basic traffic flow model, is analyzed by introducing critical cells of discrete Morse theory. An extension to a quantum walk model that takes into account the internal states of particles is also proposed. Finally, future prospects for the application of the geometric perspective to pedestrian flow models are discussed.
Graph Optimization Problems and Algorithms for DAG-Type Blockchains
Authors: Kawahara Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe scalability of a blockchain is an issue when applying blockchain techniques to the management of mobility history and payment information. One way to solve this problem is to adopt a DAG-type (Directed Acyclic Graph-type) blockchain. We describe methods for analyzing DAG-type blockchains mathematically and for identifying trustworthy blocks from a graph algorithm theoretical perspective.
System-Control-Based Approach to Car-Sharing Systems
Authors: Sakurama Kazunori , Kashima Kenji , Ikeda Takuya , Hayashi Naoki , Hoshino Kenta , Ogura Masaki , Zhao Chengyan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, car-sharing services have become a form of mobility-as-a-service (MaaS). These services and their demand are likely to increase owing to their high convenience to users. Nevertheless, the current one-way car-sharing service raises significant challenges to the operator, the most pertinent of which is the uneven distribution of vehicles. A straightforward solution for this problem is the relocation or rebalancing of vehicles by the operator; however, reducing the labor cost of vehicle relocation is a difficult optimization problem, which has attracted considerable research attention. The present study addresses this issue by applying system control approaches, including dynamic pricing, to common decentralized policy, sparse optimal control, a consensus-based primal-dual method with event-triggered communication, optimal control of probability distribution, and a DC program. This chapter reports on the study illustrating that system control approaches are promising for mobility innovation.
Algorithms for Future Mobility Society
Authors: Kawase Yasushi , Makino Kazuhisa , Sumita Hanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we focus on combinatorial optimization problems related to mobility societies. We briefly explain the main existing approaches for solving basic optimization problems and the advanced frameworks that capture realistic problems: online optimization and mechanism design. In relation to these topics, we introduce our results obtained from a joint project between Kyoto University and Toyota Motor Corporation.
Gopakumar-Vafa invariants and the Emergent String Conjecture
Authors: Rudelius Tom 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Emergent String Conjecture of Lee, Lerche, and Weigand holds that every infinite-distance limit in the moduli space of a quantum gravity represents either a decompactification limit or an emergent string limit in some duality frame. Within the context of 5d supergravities coming from M-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds, we find evidence for this conjecture by studying (a) the gauge couplings and (b) the BPS spectrum, which is encoded in the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants of the threefold. In the process, we disuss a testable geometric consequence of the Emergent String Conjecture, and we verify that it is satisfied in all complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefolds in products of projective spaces (CICYs).
Prospects for measuring quark polarization and spin correlations in $$b\overline{b }$$ and $$c\overline{c }$$ samples at the LHC
Authors: Kats Yevgeny , Uzan David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Polarization and spin correlations have been studied in detail for top quarks at the LHC, but have been explored very little for the other flavors of quarks. In this paper we consider the processes pp → $$q\overline{q }$$ with q = b, c or s. Utilizing the partial preservation of the quark’s spin information in baryons in the jet produced by the quark, we examine possible analysis strategies for ATLAS and CMS to measure the quark polarization and spin correlations. We find polarization measurements for the b and c quarks to be feasible, even with the currently available datasets. Spin correlation measurements for $$b\overline{b }$$ are possible using the CMS Run 2 parked data, while such measurements for $$c\overline{c }$$ will become possible with higher integrated luminosity. For the s quark, we find the measurements to be challenging with the standard triggers. We also provide leading-order QCD predictions for the polarization and spin correlations expected in the $$b\overline{b }$$ and $$c\overline{c }$$ samples with the cuts envisioned for the above analyses. Apart from establishing experimentally the existence of spin correlations in $$b\overline{b }$$ and $$c\overline{c }$$ systems produced in pp collisions, the proposed measurements can provide new information on the polarization transfer from quarks to baryons and might even be sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model.
Bulk reconstruction in flat holography
Authors: Chen Bin , Hu Zezhou 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this note, we discuss the bulk reconstruction of massless free fields in flat space from the highest-weight representation of boundary Carrollian conformal field theory (CCFT). We expand the bulk field as a sum of infinite descendants of a primary state defined in the boundary CCFT, and discuss the Lorentz invariant bulk-boundary propagator in detail for the BMS3/CCFT2 case. In our calculation, it is necessary to introduce a nonzero mass at the beginning and take it as vanishing at the end. The framework we proposed has the potential to probe local bulk physics from the boundary CCFT.
Wilson loops and wormholes
Authors: Betzios Panos , Papadoulaki Olga 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We analyse the properties of Wilson loop observables for holographic gauge theories, when the dual bulk geometries have a single and/or multiple boundaries (Euclidean spacetime wormholes). Such observables lead to a generalisation and refinement of the characterisation in [1] based on the compressibility of cycles and the pinching limit of higher genus Riemann surfaces, since they carry information about the dynamics and phase structure of the dual gauge theory of an arbitrary dimensionality. Finally, we describe how backreacting correlated observables such as Wilson loops can lead to wormhole saddles in the dual gravitational path integral, by taking advantage of a representation theoretic entanglement structure proposed in [13, 15].
A novel mouse model for N-terminal truncated Aβ2-x generation through meprin β overexpression in astrocytes
Authors: Armbrust Fred , Bickenbach Kira , Altmeppen Hermann , Foggetti Angelica , Winkelmann Anne , Wulff Peer , Glatzel Markus , Pietrzik Claus U. , Becker-Pauly Christoph 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides cause neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients’ brains. They are released upon proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) extracellularly at the β-secretase site and intramembranously at the γ-secretase site. Several AD mouse models were developed to conduct respective research in vivo. Most of these classical models overexpress human APP with mutations driving AD-associated pathogenic APP processing. However, the resulting pattern of Aβ species in the mouse brains differs from those observed in AD patients’ brains. Particularly mutations proximal to the β-secretase cleavage site (e.g., the so-called Swedish APP (APPswe) fostering Aβ1-x formation) lead to artificial Aβ production, as N-terminally truncated Aβ peptides are hardly present in these mouse brains. Meprin β is an alternative β-secretase upregulated in brains of AD patients and capable of generating N-terminally truncated Aβ2-x peptides. Therefore, we aimed to generate a mouse model for the production of so far underestimated Aβ2-x peptides by conditionally overexpressing meprin β in astrocytes. We chose astrocytes as meprin β was detected in this cell type in close proximity to Aβ plaques in AD patients’ brains. The meprin β-overexpressing mice showed elevated amyloidogenic APP processing detected with a newly generated neo-epitope-specific antibody. Furthermore, we observed elevated Aβ production from endogenous APP as well as AD-related behavior changes (hyperlocomotion and deficits in spatial memory). The novel mouse model as well as the established tools and methods will be helpful to further characterize APP cleavage and the impact of different Aβ species in future studies.
Unraveling the molecular interactions between α7 nicotinic receptor and a RIC3 variant associated with backward speech
Authors: Pradhan Aditi , Mounford Hayley , Peixinho Jessica , Rea Edward , Epeslidou Emmanouela , Scott Julia S. , Cull Joanna , Maxwell Susan , Webster Richard , Beeson David , Dong Yin Yao , Prekovic Stefan , Bermudez Isabel , Newbury Dianne F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent work putatively linked a rare genetic variant of the chaperone Resistant to Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (RIC3) (NM_024557.4:c.262G > A, NP_078833.3:p.G88R) to a unique ability to speak backwards, a language skill that is associated with exceptional working memory capacity. RIC3 is important for the folding, maturation, and functional expression of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). We compared and contrasted the effects of RIC3G88R on assembly, cell surface expression, and function of human α7 receptors using fluorescent protein tagged α7 nAChR and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy imaging in combination with functional assays and 125I-α-bungarotoxin binding. As expected, the wild-type RIC3 protein was found to increase both cell surface and functional expression of α7 receptors. In contrast, the variant form of RIC3 decreased both. FRET analysis showed that RICG88R increased the interactions between RIC3 and α7 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. These results provide interesting and novel data to show that a RIC3 variant alters the interaction of RIC3 and α7, which translates to decreased cell surface and functional expression of α7 nAChR.
ALKBH1 promotes HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis by inhibiting N-glycosylation of LAMP2A
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Li Mengmeng , Lin Miao , Liu Xinjie , Guo Haolin , Tan Junyang , Hu Liubing , Li Jianshuang , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractALKBH1 is a typical demethylase of nucleic acids, which is correlated with multiple types of biological processes and human diseases. Recent studies are focused on the demethylation of ALKBH1, but little is known about its non-demethylase function. Here, we demonstrate that ALKBH1 regulates the glycolysis process through HIF-1α signaling in a demethylase-independent manner. We observed that depletion of ALKBH1 inhibits glycolysis flux and extracellular acidification, which is attributable to reduced HIF-1α protein levels, and it can be rescued by reintroducing HIF-1α. Mechanistically, ALKBH1 knockdown enhances chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)-mediated HIF-1α degradation by facilitating the interaction between HIF-1α and LAMP2A. Furthermore, we identify that ALKBH1 competitively binds to the OST48, resulting in compromised structural integrity of oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex and subsequent defective N-glycosylation of LAMPs, particularly LAMP2A. Abnormal glycosylation of LAMP2A disrupts lysosomal homeostasis and hinders the efficient degradation of HIF-1α through CMA. Moreover, NGI-1, a small-molecule inhibitor that selectively targets the OST complex, could inhibit the glycosylation of LAMPs caused by ALKBH1 silencing, leading to impaired CMA activity and disruption of lysosomal homeostasis. In conclusion, we have revealed a non-demethylation role of ALKBH1 in regulating N-glycosylation of LAMPs by interacting with OST subunits and CMA-mediated degradation of HIF-1α.
Role of HCN channels in the functions of basal ganglia and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Qi Zeng-Xin , Yan Qi , Fan Xiu-Juan , Peng Jian-Ya , Zhu Hui-Xian , Jiang Yi-Miao , Chen Liang , Zhuang Qian-Xing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a motor disorder resulting from dopaminergic neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra caused by age, genetics, and environment. The disease severely impacts a patient’s quality of life and can even be life-threatening. The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel is a member of the HCN1-4 gene family and is widely expressed in basal ganglia nuclei. The hyperpolarization-activated current mediated by the HCN channel has a distinct impact on neuronal excitability and rhythmic activity associated with PD pathogenesis, as it affects the firing activity, including both firing rate and firing pattern, of neurons in the basal ganglia nuclei. This review aims to comprehensively understand the characteristics of HCN channels by summarizing their regulatory role in neuronal firing activity of the basal ganglia nuclei. Furthermore, the distribution and characteristics of HCN channels in each nucleus of the basal ganglia group and their effect on PD symptoms through modulating neuronal electrical activity are discussed. Since the roles of the substantia nigra pars compacta and reticulata, as well as globus pallidus externus and internus, are distinct in the basal ganglia circuit, they are individually described. Lastly, this investigation briefly highlights that the HCN channel expressed on microglia plays a role in the pathological process of PD by affecting the neuroinflammatory response.
Relationship of device measured physical activity type and posture with cardiometabolic health markers: pooled dose–response associations from the Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep Consortium
Authors: Ahmadi Matthew N. , Blodgett Joanna M. , Atkin Andrew J. , Chan Hsiu-Wen , del Pozo Cruz Borja , Suorsa Kristin , Bakker Esmee A. , Pulsford Richard M. , Mielke Gregore I. , Johansson Peter J. , Hettiarachchi Pasan , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Stenholm Sari , Mishra Gita D. , Teixeira-Pinot Armando , Rangul Vegar , Sherar Lauren B. , Ekelund Ulf , Hughes Alun D. , Lee I.-Min ,   ProPASS collaboration, Holtermann Andreas , Koster Annemarie , Hamer Mark , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this study was to examine the dose–response associations of device-measured physical activity types and postures (sitting and standing time) with cardiometabolic health.

Methods
We conducted an individual participant harmonised meta-analysis of 12,095 adults (mean ± SD age 54.5±9.6 years; female participants 54.8%) from six cohorts with thigh-worn accelerometry data from the Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep (ProPASS) Consortium. Associations of daily walking, stair climbing, running, standing and sitting time with a composite cardiometabolic health score (based on standardised z scores) and individual cardiometabolic markers (BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, HbA1c and total cholesterol) were examined cross-sectionally using generalised linear modelling and cubic splines.

Results
We observed more favourable composite cardiometabolic health (i.e. z score <0) with approximately 64 min/day walking (z score [95% CI] −0.14 [−0.25, −0.02]) and 5 min/day stair climbing (−0.14 [−0.24, −0.03]). We observed an equivalent magnitude of association at 2.6 h/day standing. Any amount of running was associated with better composite cardiometabolic health. We did not observe an upper limit to the magnitude of the dose–response associations for any activity type or standing. There was an inverse dose–response association between sitting time and composite cardiometabolic health that became markedly less favourable when daily durations exceeded 12.1 h/day. Associations for sitting time were no longer significant after excluding participants with prevalent CVD or medication use. The dose–response pattern was generally consistent between activity and posture types and individual cardiometabolic health markers.

Conclusions/interpretation
In this first activity type-specific analysis of device-based physical activity, ~64 min/day of walking and ~5.0 min/day of stair climbing were associated with a favourable cardiometabolic risk profile. The deleterious associations of sitting time were fully attenuated after exclusion of participants with prevalent CVD and medication use. Our findings on cardiometabolic health and durations of different activities of daily living and posture may guide future interventions involving lifestyle modification.

Graphical Abstract