bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microcomputer analysis of indicator dilution curves to determine qp/qs
Authors: Latson Larry A. , Balyeat Elaine , Lewis Robert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe developed and tested, in an animal model, a method for collecting and analyzing indicator dilution curves to determine the pulmonary‐to‐systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) using a programmable microcomputer. Curves were digitized in real time by an analog to digital converter. A gamma variate curve fitting algorithm, similar to that used in nuclear cardiology, was used to determine the area under primary and recirculation portions of a single cardiogreen dye curve. A ratio of these areas was used as a measure of Qp/Qs. In an animal model simulating patent ductus arteriosus, there was close correlation of Qp/Qs measured by the Fick method and by the microcomputer method (computer Qp/Qs = 0.95 × Fick Qp/Qs + 0.22, R = 0.97, N = 14, SEE = 0.14). The computer method of measuring Qp/Qs is rapid, easily repeatable, and does not require catheter manipulation. Therefore, it may be particularly useful in the clinical cardiac catheterization laboratory for studying the effects of interventions on Qp/Qs.
Left atrial size, pressure, and v wave height in patients with isolated, severe, pure mitral regurgitation
Authors: Pizzarello Roy A. , Turnier Jocelyne , Padmanabhan Vellore T. , Goldman Mitchell A. , Tortolani Anthony J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn recent years, some concepts regarding the etiology and hemodynamics present in the syndrome of mitral regurgitation have changed. Coronary artery disease and mitral valve prolapse have replaced rheumatic heart disease as the most frequent cause of mitral regurgitation. Hemodynamic studies have shown that tall V waves in the pulmonary capillary wedge tracings are neither specific nor sensitive in detecting the presence of mitral regurgitation.In this study, we evaluated the role of various clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic findings with regard to left atrial (LA) size, pressure, and V wave height. We found that the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) and V wave height for the subset of patients with acute mitral regurgitation (PCW = 24.1 ± 10.9; V = 41.2 ± 20.7 mm Hg) was similar to the subset with chronic mitral regurgitation (PCW = 17.9 ± 7.5; V = 32.0 ± 18.2 mm Hg). In addition, we found that there was a significant logarithmic relationship between the LA size and the duration of the mitral regurgitation (y = 1.404 [log X] + 3.948; R = 0.678; p < 0.0005). Lastly, we found that LA size, compliance, regurgitant volume, and regurgitant valve orifice area all increase with time.
Anaphylactoid reaction to angiographic contrast media: Recurrence despite pretreatment with corticosteroids
Authors: Mohan J. C. , Reddy K. S. , Bhatia M. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA case who developed severe and potentially fatal reaction to an angiographic contrast medium despite adequate pretreatment with steroids for 2 weeks is reported. This is the second such case reported in the English literature.
Hemodynamic profile of constrictive pericarditis produced by a massive right pleural effusion
Authors: Dell'Italia Louis J. , Walsh Richard A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a 29‐year‐old female who presented with thyrotoxicosis and a massive right pleural effusion. Cardiac catheterization in the presence of the effusion revealed equalization of abnormally elevated right and left heart filling pressures. Repeat study after thoracentesis demonstrated normal intracardiac pressures, which were unchanged by volume loading with normal saline. This case report suggests that both extrinsic cardiac chamber compression produced by the large unilateral effusion and ventricular interdependence altered diastolic function of the right and left ventricle in a manner resembling constrictive pericarditis or restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Angioscopy in vivo
Authors: Cortis Bruno S. , Hussein Hany , Khandekar Chandra Shekhar , Principe Joseph , Tkaczuk Roman N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent developments in optical instrumentation have made possible the direct, three‐dimensional viewing of intravascular structures. Using an angioscope (the Trimedyne Optiscope, Trimedyne Inc., Santa Ana CA) and a xenon cold lamp (the Xenon Cold Light Fountain, Karl Storz Endoscopy America, Inc., Culver City, CA), the authors have visualized, without complications, the normal orifices of various arteries and their bifurcations in 12 dogs, the atherosclerotic aortas of eight post mortem humans, and the coronary arteries of six post mortem humans. Potential applications of the instruments include more accurate diagnosis of occlusive diseases of the blood vessels, evaluation of such interventional procedures as angioplasty, intraoperative assessment of anastomoses, and safer laser surgery. The angioscope also enables the physician to combine pressure recording and dye injection simultaneously with the visualization of the inner walls of the vessels.
Peripheral arterial contrast echocardiography: A new method for the detection of left‐to‐right shunting patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Oguchi Kouki , Ortiz Edgardo , Misawa Hitoshi , Agata Yotaro , Hiraishi Satoshi , Nishida Hiroshi , Yashiro Kimio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA modified echocardiographic method (peripheral arterial contrast echocardiography, PACE) using suprasternal notch (SSN) echocardiography and rapid hand injection of 5% glucose solution through peripheral arteries is introduced. This method was used to determine the presence of a left‐to‐right shunting via patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in 50 patients with various congenital heart disease among neonates, infants, and young children. Echocardiographic findings were compared with cardiac catheterization/angiography, surgery, and/or autopsy. Diagnosis of PDA made by PACE was sensitive in 98.5% and specific in 100% of cases. Thus, the PACE examination is a reliable bed‐side technique to detect qualitatively the presence or absence of a left‐to‐right shunting PDA accompanied with acyanotic or cyanotic heart disease.
Balloon‐Occlusion pulmonary cineangiography for diagnosing pulmonary embolism
Authors: Benotti Joseph R. , Ockene Ira S. , Alpert Joseph S. , Dalen James E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor the angiographic diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) we performed balloon‐occlusion pulmonary cineangiography in ten consecutive patients. The technical aspects of the balloon‐occlusion cineangiographic technique are reviewed, and its complementary role in the diagnosis of PE are outlined and illustrated with several examples.
Reproducibility of ventricular function measurements by contrast angiography
Authors: Trobaugh Gene B. , Hallstrom Alfred P. , Ward Kennedy J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInterobserver reproducibility of single plane contrast angiographic measurements of end‐diastolic volume (EDV/m2), end‐systolic volume (ESV/m2), stroke volume (SV m2), and ejection fraction (EF) was studied in two groups of patients. The first group (n = 42) was an unselected, consecutive series of patients in which the calculations of volume were performed manually, representing day‐to‐day results from a clinical quantitative angiographic laboratory. The second group (n = 31) was selected on the basis of optimal filming technique and volume calculations were performed digitally with the aid of a computer. This group characterizes the reproducibility that could be attained for investigational purposes. In the selected group, interobserver reproducibility of four regional ejection fractions was determined. The correlation coefficient (r), standard error of the estimate (Sy.x), average difference, and 95% confidence limits are given. Measurement variation accounted for 9–15% of the variance in this study for EDV/m2 (consecutive series), indicating that caution is needed when relating contrast angiographic measurements to other (e.g., noninvasive) measures of volume by simple linear regression.
Aneurysms of the left main coronary artery: A report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Smith Mikel D. , Cowley Michael J. , Vetrovec George W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCoronary artery aneurysms have been reported to occur in 1–2% of most large angiographic series. However, aneurysms of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) are extremely rare. Only eight previous cases of LMCA aneurysms have been reported, and only one of these cases was felt to be atherosclerotic in etiology. The clinical findings in three hypertensive females with LMCA aneurysm diagnosed at angiography are presented, along with a review of the literature.
Distal coronary power injection during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Sanders Michael , Shani Jacob , Saviano George , Rivera Marcos 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA modification of the standard percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedure is described using a power injector instead of a hand‐held syringe for distal coronary contrast injections. This system was used in 215 dilatations without complications related to the power injector. We found this system to simplify the PTCA procedure and allowed for improved distal visualization even with the steerable PTCA catheters containing an intraluminal guide wire.
Nomogram for calculation of stenotic cardiac valve areas from cardiac output and mean transvalvular gradient
Authors: Nigri Antonio , Martuscelli Eugenio , Mangieri Enrico , Voci Paolo , Danesi Alessandro , Sardella Rino , Feroci Luciano , Reale Attilio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 15 patients (group 1) with isolated mitral stenosis and in 14 patients (group 2) with isolated aortic stenosis the stenotic valve areas were calculated according to: (A) Gorlin's formula; (B) Hakki's simplified formula, using mean mitral gradient by planimetry or peak‐to‐peak aortic gradient; (C) the three‐point simplified formula, using mean gradient calculated by the three‐point method for both mitral and aortic valve.The three‐point method is definitely easier to use than planimetry.The values (mean ± SD) of mitral valve areas in group 1 patients were, respectively: (A) 1.56 ± 0.63 cm2; (B) 1.56 ± 0.55; (C) 1.51 ± 0.53. The values of aortic valve areas in group 2 patients were: (A) 0.91 ± 0.63; (B) 0.77 ± 0.41; (C) 0.88 ± 0.52. An excellent correlation was shown between the valve area calculated by Gorlin's formula and both Hakki's simplified formula and the three‐point simplified formula. For aortic valve area the correlation is even better if the mean gradient by the three‐point method is used instead of the peak‐to‐peak gradient.On the basis of the simplified formula, a nomogram was constructed which allows an immediate calculation of valve areas from cardiac output and transvalvular gradient.
Percutaneous brachial catheterization using a modified sheath and new catheter system
Authors: Pepine Carl J. , Von Gunten Curt , Hill James A. , Culp John R. , Feldman Robert L. , Rubin Michael , O'Brien John T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn alternative method for left heart catheterization via the brachial artery, without cutdown, is described. Percutaneous brachial catheterization was done with a modified 7F side‐arm sheath with check valve. A modified 7F high flow catheter was developed employing characteristics of both multipurpose and Sones catheters. The technique was used in 100 patients for left heart catheterization, in patients with and without aortic valve disease, for left ventricular angiography and selective coronary angiography. There were no failures or serious complications. All puncture sites were managed with 15–20 minutes of compression using only a blood pressure cuff or finger pressure. Bleeding was controlled with restoration of the radial pulse in all but one patient, who had severe peripheral brachial atherosclerosis. Cutdown and thrombectomy performed before he left the laboratory using standard catheterizations techniques promptly restored blood flow. It is our impression that this technique facilitated outpatient catheterizations, repeat catheterizations at sites of previous cutdowns, and reduced patient discomfort.
Estimation of the effects of angioplasty on coronary stenosis using quantitative video angiography
Authors: Bove Alfred A. , Holmes David R. , Owen Robert M. , Bresnahan John F. , Reeder Guy S. , Smith Hugh C. , Vlietstra Ronald E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this study, we compared stenosis severity by quantitative coronary angiography from video and cine images with visual estimation in 14 patients, who underwent PTCA. Both cine and video analysis demonstrated a change from 65.2 ± 2.5 to 36.5 ± 3.1% diameter stenosis following PTCA, whereas visual estimation (average of three observers) showed improvement from 89.9 ± 1.7 to 36.0 ± 3.2%. Percent area stenosis from quantitative angiography showed improvement from 87.9 ± 1.8 to 56.4 ± 5.8. These data indicate that visual assessment overestimated percent diameter of severe lesions. To determine if video analysis could provide rapid quantitative assessment of PTCA results, we compared percent diameter and percent area stenosis by video with cine (diameter: correlation coefficient, 0.82; slope, 0.79; area: correlation coefficient, 0.86; slope, 0.83). These results indicate that video‐based measurements are not different from cine‐derived measurements. Quantitative coronary angiography provides an accurate estimate of changes produced by PTCA and can be performed rapidly and accurately on video images, thus making results available during the PTCA procedure.
Digital subtraction coronary angiography using high‐pass temporal filtration: A comparison with cineangiography
Authors: Bray Bruce E. , Anderson Fred L. , Hardin Carl W. , Kruger Phd Robert A. , Sutton Richard B. , Nelson James A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSelective coronary angiograms were obtained using a real‐time high‐pass temporal filtration digital subtraction technique with videotape storage and display and compared to simultaneously recorded 35‐mm cineangiograms for 32 stenotic lesions in 15 patients. Both methods were evaluated by three independent observers using caliper measurement of percent diameter reduction for each lesion. There was a good correlation between the two imaging methods for individual observers, though considerable variability was seen, r = .73, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 9.1%. The average severity of stenosis and the interobserver variability were similar between methods. This digital subtraction technique for selective coronary angiography compares favorably with a conventional film‐based technique for evaluation of coronary stenoses and offers advantages of real‐time image processing, limited tolerance to patient motion, and relatively small digital memory requirements. In addition to further improvements in image quality, more objective computer‐aided scoring methods are needed to reduce the variability in lesion analysis.
Congenital pericardial defect diagnosed by computed tomography
Authors: Salem Deeb N. , Hymanson Alan S. , Isner Jeffrey M. , Bankoff Mark S. , Konstam Marvin A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractComplete or partial absence of the pericardium is a relatively rare disorder. While physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest x‐ray may suggest the diagnosis, definitive noninvasive diagnosis has until recently not been possible. In the patient described in the present report, the basis for chest pain initially attributed to myocardial ischemia was established noninvasively by computed tomographic examination of the chest to be congenital absence of the left pericardium. Experience with this patient emphasizes the fact that one of the known bases for nonischemic chest pain—congenital pericardial defects—can be precisely defined by contrast‐negative computed tomographic imaging.
Use of a personal computer with an automatic noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device
Authors: Prisant L. Michael , Carr A. A. , Henke John S. , Futrelle Rn Elizabeth S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAutomatic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a valid and reliable tool for intermittent noninvasive assessment of blood pressure over a 24‐hour period. However, reporting devices to retrieve data from the recording device are dedicated to one task and are expensive. Because of this, we have developed computer programs for a popular inexpensive microcomputer that retrieves data from the Del Mar Pressurometer III, an R‐wave gated automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device. Furthermore, the derived data may be edited, computed to derive statistics, stored, retrieved, displayed, and reported in both numerical and graphical format. This same hardware is used for multiple other tasks.
Hemodynamic evaluation of stenotic cardiac valves: I. Effect of ventriculography and atropine on mitral stenosis
Authors: Angel Juan , Domingo Enric , Soler‐Soler J. , Anivarro Inocencio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMitral area is the parameter used for quantitating mitral stenosis (MS) severity. When mitral gradient (MG) is low and reduction of mitral valve area (MVA) might be critical, interventions presumably increasing mitral valve flow (MVF), such as stress or atrial pacing, have been carried out. The purpose of this study was to analyze in 28 patients the combined effect of left ventriculography (LVG) and intravenous atropine (ATR) in the hemodynamic evaluation of MS. The rationale for combining these two interventions is to add up the ATR‐positive chronotropic effect to the LVG potentiation of cardiac output. The LVG plus ATR markedly accelerated heart rate (from 80 ± 14 to 104 ± 18 bts/min, P < 0.001), mildly increased cardiac index (from 2.6 ± 0.6 to 2.9 ± 0.6 1/min/m2, P < 0.05), and importantly increased MVF (from 136 ± 30 to 172 ± 46 ml/bt, P < 0.001). Pulmonary wedge pressure increased (from 14 ± 5 to 21 ± 5 mmHg, P < 0.001). because of an important increment of MG (from 12± 6 to 18 ± 7 mmHg, P < 0.001). None of six cases with mild MS (MVA > 1.5 cm2) and nine of ten cases with severe MS (MVA ± 1.0 cm2) had MG after LVG plus ATR > 12 mmHg. The remaining case with severe MS and the two cases (out of 12) with moderate MS having MG after LVG plus ATR ± 12 mmHg had, at surgical evaluation, noncritically reduced MVA.
Quantification of mitral valvular incompetence
Authors: Lopez J. F. , Hanson S. , Orchard R. C. , Tan L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe hemodynamic and angiographic data of 147 individuals were analyzed in an attempt to assess the value of three techniques used in the diagnosis of mitral incompetence. One hundred patients had clinical evidence of mitral incompetence (group A) and 47 had normal hemodynamics (group B). The degree of mitral incompetence was assessed in all 147 individuals by two methods: determination of a regurgitant index (RI) using indicator dilution curves and determination of a regurgitant fraction (RF) using left ventricular volumes. In 26 patients of group A and 26 individuals in group B mitral incompetence was also assessed by cineangiocardiography. Each of these methods was compared with the clinical and hemodynamic evidence of mitral valvular incompetence. Both the determination of RI by dye dilution curves and RF by angiocardiography were found to be useful in separating normal individuals from patients with mitral valvular incompetence. Severe mitral incompetence is associated with an RI > 35% and with an RF > 55%. The degree of incompetence by either method was not well correlated with any independent hemodynamic variable. The use of cine angiocardiography to quantify the degree of mitral incompetence was found to be too subjective, depending on the observer, and thus less useful.
Ventricular fibrillation during coronary angiography: Reduced incidence in man with contrast media lacking calcium binding additives
Authors: Murdock David K. , Johnson Sarah A. , Loeb Henry S. , Scanlon Patrick J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe intracoronary injection of contrast media during coronary angiography occasionally results in ventricular fibrillation. Experimental studies have implicated the calcium sequestering agents, sodium citrate and EDTA in Renografin 76 (RG76), as contributing to this complication. Angiovist 370 (AV370) is a contrast medium similar to RG76 except that it contains disodium calcium EDTA instead of EDTA and sodium citrate. To determine if contrast media lacking sodium citrate and EDTA will result in a lower incidence of ventricular fibrillation in man, this investigation compared the incidence of contrast media‐induced ventricular fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary angiography with RG76 to that with AV370. Group A consisted of 2,500 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography with RG76 and group B consisted of 2,000 subsequent consecutive patients in whom AV370 was employed as the contrast medium. There was no significant difference between groups A and B with respect to the volume of contrast media used per patient (153 ± 49 ml vs 154 ± 45ml), age (58.4 ± 10 vs 58.6 ± 10 years), sex (70% male vs 70% male), ejection fraction (59 ± 17 vs 60 ± 20), history of mitral valve disease (5.8% vs 7.1%), history of aortic valve disease (6.7% vs 6.5%), prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (6.6% vs 7.3%), or extent of coronary artery disease.Fifteen episodes of contrast media‐induced ventricular fibrillation occurred in group A (incidence 0.6%) whereas two episodes occurred in group B (incidence 0.1%) (p < 0.02). Each patient was successfully defibrillated and no adverse sequelae resulted. Thus the present investigation suggests that the incidence of ventricular fibrillation during coronary angiography can be significantly decreased by using contrast media lacking sodium citrate and EDTA.
Diaphragmatic coronary lesion mimics significant coronary stenosis: A report of four cases
Authors: Haraphongse Mant , Rossall Richard E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDiaphragmatic coronary stenosis is a rare coronary angiographic finding. It gives rise to an appearance of relatively severe obstruction and can lead to unnecessary surgical intervention or PTCA. We described four patients with this type of stenosis in whom the lesions proved to be hemodynamically insignificant as judged by the presence of only minor pressure gradients across them.
Modeling the isovolumic relaxation period
Authors: Bernardi Luciano , Uretsky Barry F. , Reddy P. S. , Boudreau Robert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe isovolumic relaxation period of the left ventricular pressure curve in man has been assumed to be best represented by an exponential decay. To determine which model most closely approximates the empiric pressure data of isovolumic relaxation in man, several models were compared. They included linear, exponential with a zero mmHg pressure asymptote, exponential with a variable asymptote, and second‐to fifth‐order polynomials. In addition, four different methods of computing parameters of isovolumic relaxation by the exponential model with a variable asymptote were tested. It was found that the isovolumic relaxation period approximates an exponential, that the theoretic asymptote is variable, and that the Levenburg‐Marquardt algorithm can be used efficiently to model this period.