bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common variable immunodeficiency syndrome: a difficult diagnostic problem
Authors: Spyridakou C , Berry S , Phillipps J 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective:We present a rare case of an adult male with undiagnosed common variable immunodeficiency syndrome who presented to the ENT department with refractory chronic sinusitis and otitis media with effusion.Method:Case report and a review of the international literature concerning common variable immunodeficiency syndrome in adults and upper respiratory tract involvement.Results:A 37-year-old male presented to the ENT department with refractory chronic sinusitis and otitis media with effusion. The diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency syndrome was delayed, and difficult, primarily due to minimal symptoms with no lower respiratory tract involvement and negative past or family medical history.Conclusion:Early diagnosis helps to prevent morbidity and even mortality. This article highlights how difficult and important it is to make an early diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency syndrome. Early diagnosis will only be made by increased awareness of this condition.
Rare presentation of laryngeal neuroma in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type two B
Authors: Ghosh S , Joy R , Hickey S 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective:We present a rare case of laryngeal mucosal neuroma, and its management, in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 B.Method:We present a case report and a review of the world literature concerning laryngeal mucosal neuroma and its association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 B.Case report:An 11-year-old girl was diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 B on the basis of clinical presentation and genetic testing. Several years later, whilst undergoing general anaesthesia for routine dental treatment, the anaesthetic team were concerned by masses on the patient's vocal folds, which they felt could compromise her airway. The ENT team were informed of the situation and an urgent microlaryngoscopy was performed. Biopsies taken at the time were reported as showing benign mucosal neuromas. A few months later, the patient presented with acute stridor, and flexible nasal endoscopy revealed recurrence. This episode settled without surgery.Conclusion:Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes are inherited autosomal cancer syndromes. Laryngeal mucosal neuroma can manifest as potentially airway compromising lesions in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 B. Although apparently rare, we feel this case highlights the need for vigilance and prompt recognition of this treatable condition.
Clinico-epidemiological study of complicated and uncomplicated chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Vikram B K , Khaja N , Udayashankar S G , Venkatesha B K , Manjunath D 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIntroduction:This study aimed to compare the clinical and epidemiological profiles of cases of complicated and uncomplicated chronic suppurative otitis media, based on their prognostic factors.Materials and methods:This was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care medical college hospital over a period of two and a half years. The study group comprised 187 ears, out of which 62 had complications while 125 did not. The two groups were compared with respect to nine prognostic variables: age distribution, sex, patient's domicile, literacy status, duration of ear discharge at presentation, ear pathology, predisposing disease focus in the nose or throat, ear swab microbiology, and hearing loss.Results:Patients in the complicated chronic suppurative otitis media group had a higher male predominance and were younger. Rural and illiterate patients had a higher risk of developing complications. Cholesteatoma and granulation tissue were potential risk factors in the complicated chronic suppurative otitis media group. Ears with complications were more prone to develop sensorineural hearing loss. Age, sex, duration of ear discharge, predisposing disease focus in nose or throat, and ear swab microbiology were all less useful prognostic indicators of complications.Conclusion:Early detection and timely treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media in rural and illiterate patients may prevent life-threatening complications and reduce their incidence. Ears that harbour relatively large quantities of both cholesteatoma and granulation tissue together require more urgent surgical intervention and more extensive disease clearance in order to prevent complications.
Geometry for robot path planning
Authors: Noakes Lyle , Popiel Tomasz 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYThere have been many interesting recent results in the area of geometrical methods for path planning in robotics. So it seems very timely to attempt a description of mathematical developments surrounding very elementary engineering tasks. Even with such limited scope, there is too much to cover in detail. Inevitably, our knowledge and personal preferences have a lot to do with what is emphasised, included, or left out.Part I is introductory, elementary in tone, and important for understanding the need for geometrical methods in path planning. Part II describes the results on geometrical constructions that imitate well-known constructions from classical approximation theory. Part III reviews a class of methods where classicalcriteriaare extended to curves in Riemannian manifolds, including several recent mathematical results that have not yet found their way into the literature.
Measures of self-efficacy and norms for low-fat milk consumption are reliable and related to beverage consumption among 5th graders at school lunch
Authors: Thompson Victoria J , Bachman Christine , Watson Kathy , Baranowski Tom , Cullen Karen W 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the reliability and validity of scales measuring low-fat milk consumption self-efficacy and norms during school lunch among a cohort of 5th graders.DesignTwo hundred and seventy-five students completed lunch food records and a psychosocial questionnaire measuring self-efficacy and norms for school lunch low-fat milk consumption during the fall and spring semesters of the 1998–1999 academic year. Test–retest reliability was assessed in participants who also completed the questionnaire in the spring semester (n = 262). Principal component analyses identified and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed latent variables. Bivariate correlations measured construct validity.SettingHouston-area middle school.SubjectsFifth graders (n = 275) from one middle school in southeast Texas.ResultsTwo scales measuring psychosocial influences of low-fat milk consumption were identified and proved reliable in this population: milk self-efficacy and milk norms. Milk self-efficacy and norms were positively correlated with milk consumption and negatively correlated with consumption of sweetened beverages.ConclusionsThese questionnaires can be used in similar interventions to measure the impact of self-efficacy and norms for drinking low-fat milk during school lunch.
Characterization of Phosphopeptides Using a Combination of Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Media and Direct Analysis by MALDI-TOF-MS: Figure 1.
Authors: Deterding Leesa J. , Cutalo Jenny M. , Tomer Kenneth B. 
Published: August 2007

INTRODUCTIONPhosphoproteins and peptides can be bound with high specificity to immobilized metal ions such as Fe3+, Ni2+, and Ga3+. This technique can be used with either on-line or off-line MS analysis. However, elution of the phosphopeptides from the metal ion column prior to MS analysis can result in sample loss. Affinity-bound analytes, including phosphopeptides, can be directly analyzed by MALDI-MS without prior elution from the affinity media. Also, consecutive enzymatic reactions, such as phosphatase or carboxypeptidase Y digestion, can be carried out on affinity-bound peptides. When the affinity-bound phosphopeptides are treated with phosphatase, the number of phosphorylation sites can be determined based on the observation of 80-Da (or multiples of 80 Da) mass shifts in the MALDI-MS of the reaction mixture. Carboxypeptidase Y treatment of the affinity-bound phosphopeptides can also be used to cleave amino acids from the carboxyl terminus, with subsequent direct analysis of the enzymatic products by MALDI-MS to locate the phosphorylation sites on the bound phosphopeptides. This protocol details the preparation and use of Fe3+ or Ga3+ metal IMAC with the on-bead analysis of phosphopeptides by MALDI-MS. Enzymatic digestion of affinity-bound peptides is also described.
Tracking Tagged Molecules in Single Neurons in Intact Zebrafish
Authors: Armisen Ricardo , Gleason Michelle R. , Fetcho Joseph R. , Mandel Gail 
Published: August 2007

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes an approach for monitoring the movement of tagged molecules in single neurons in intact embryonic and larval zebrafish. The intact preparation provides a meaningful context for the physiological event being studied. Other advantages offered by the young zebrafish include direct in vivo imaging, the ability to produce large numbers of labeled embryos easily using microinjection, and the existence of identified sensory circuits that can be exploited to activate a particular cell type. One limitation of this system is the fragility of 2- to 3-d-old embryos, which demands delicate physical manipulation of the fish during all stages preceding and during the experiment. In contrast to brain slices or isolated cells, nearly all original neural connections and sensory components are maintained in the intact preparation, so the occurrence of a downstream event may be precluded (or its manifestation enhanced) by some complex interplay of biological processes that are not fully understood.
Imaging Neuronal Activity with Calcium Indicators in Larval Zebrafish
Authors: Fetcho Joseph R. 
Published: August 2007

INTRODUCTIONThe ability to image neuronal activity with single-cell resolution in fish is a powerful tool for investigating the neuronal basis of behavior in normal and mutant lines of fish. This protocol describes a method for using calcium indicators to monitor neuronal activity in transparent larval zebrafish. The imaging process involves collecting a confocal time series from the cells of interest. The behavior of interest is elicited during the time series to determine whether the cells increase in intensity in association with the behavior.
Preparing DNA from Saliva for Genotyping
Authors: Sahota Amrik , Brooks Andrew I. , Tischfield Jay A. 
Published: August 2007

INTRODUCTIONSaliva may be a viable alternative to blood as a source for DNA, and has the advantage that it is collected noninvasively. This protocol describes the Oragene procedure for DNA extraction from 2-mL saliva samples. It yields high-quality DNA suitable for research and diagnostic applications.
Lessons from naked apes and their infections
Authors: Weiss Robin A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHuman infections come from two main sources. Our ‘family heirlooms’ have co‐evolved with the host as we diverged from the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, and these are often vertically transmitted. Our ‘new acquisitions’ come from cross‐species infections, and these are typically horizontally transmitted. Compared with other apes, naked apes harbor a larger variety of pathogens, acquired from the domesticated and commensal non‐primate species which share our habitat, as well as from exotic species. Thus we are nouveaux riches in our collection of infections or ‘metagenome’ and this is reviewed with particular reference to retroviruses. Nakedness poses a challenge to ectoparasites which is discussed in relation to the origin and evolution of human lice from those of the great apes. As humans have acquired infections horizontally from our closest living relatives, the chimpanzee and the gorilla, might we also have exchanged pathogens with other hominid species?
Rapid modifications of peripheral T‐cell subsets that express CD127 in macaques treated with recombinant IL‐7
Authors: Dereuddre‐Bosquet Nathalie , Vaslin Bruno , Delache Benoit , Brochard Patricia , Clayette Pascal , Aubenque Céline , Morre Michel , Assouline Brigitte , Le Grand Roger 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground Interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) is a key regulator of thymopoiesis and T‐cell homeostasis, which increases blood T‐cell number by enhancing thymic output of naive cells and peripheral proliferation.Methods We explored the effects of unglycosylated recombinant simian IL‐7 (rsIL‐7) administration on peripheral T‐cell subpopulations in healthy macaques.Results RsIL‐7 was well tolerated. Mean half‐life ranged between 9.3 and 13.9 hours. Blood CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocyte counts decreased rapidly after each rsIL‐7 administration, the duration of these effects being dependent on the frequency of administration. At treatment completion, the increased of CD3+ lymphocytes was marked at 100 μg/kg every 2 days. CD3+ lymphocytes that harbour the alpha chain of IL‐7 receptor (CD127) and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes that expressed the proliferation marker Ki‐67 exhibited a similar initial profile. The expression of the anti‐apoptotic marker Bcl‐2 increased in CD3+ lymphocytes during the treatment and post‐treatment period in a dose/frequency dependent manner.Conclusion RsIL‐7 was well tolerated in macaques and induces rapid modifications of T‐cells that express CD127.
Direct stringency comparison of two macaque models (single‐high vs. repeat‐low) for mucosal HIV transmission using an identical anti‐HIV chemoprophylaxis intervention
Authors: Subbarao Shambavi , Ramos Artur , Kim Caryn , Adams Debra , Monsour Michael , Butera Sal , Folks Tom , Otten Ron A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroud  In our previous work, oral chemoprophylaxis with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) provided partial protection in rhesus macaques against repeated low‐dose (RL) intrarectal SHIV162p3 exposure.Methods  Here, we make a direct comparison of these previous findings with data generated using a single high (SH)‐dose challenge strategy.Results  All 5 (100%) control macaques were infected after a SH challenge and only three of five (60%) TDF‐treated macaques became infected. The remaining two TDF‐treated macaques remained virus‐negative and were susceptible to virus infection upon re‐challenge in the absence of oral TDF. Thus, two of five (40%) TDF‐treated macaques were protected by the pre‐exposure chemoprophylaxis regimen. By comparison with the RL challenge system, only one of four (25%) of TDF‐treated macaques were protected from infection, whereas four of four (100%) control macaques became infected using RL challenges.Conclusion  Taken together, these findings indicate that the stringency of the RL challenge model for testing antiretroviral interventions is not lower and possibly greater than that of the SH challenge model.
Macaques co‐immunized with SIVgag/pol‐HIVenv and IL‐12 plasmid have increased cellular responses
Authors: Robinson T.M. , Sidhu M.K. , Pavlakis G.N. , Felber B.K. , Silvera P. , Lewis M.G. , Eldridge J. , Weiner D.B. , Boyer J.D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground  The cell mediated immune profiles following immunization with a recombinant DNA vaccine was assessed in the simian‐human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) and Macaque model. Earlier work demonstrated increased numbers of antigen specific CD8 and CD4 effector cells able to secrete IFN‐γ.Method  The vaccine strategy included co‐immunization of a DNA based vaccine alone or in combination with a macaque IL‐12 expressing plasmid (pmacIL12). Antigen activated lymphocytes were studied for activation of a set of immunological molecules.Results  The current study demonstrates lymphocytes isolated and activated from the group that was immunized with DNA and pmacIL12 had a higher level of IFN‐γ producing cells. We also observed a different immunological profile when comparing the cells isolated from macaques immunized with DNA as compared to those animals that also received pmacIL12.Conclusion  The observed immune profiles are reflective of the co‐delivery of pmacIL12 and demonstrates that IL‐12 can increase the magnitude and polyfunctionality of the cellular immune response.
Dignity and Humour
Authors: Gumbley Walter 
Published: August 2007

A well-known humorist, Mr. Stephen Leacock, has decided that Popes and Ecclesiastical dignitaries are as a class deficient in humour, and he extends his condemnation to crowned heads, captains of industry, great writers, thinkers, philanthropists, martyrs, reformers and patriots. Such a sweeping charge it is difficult to challenge, and all we can do is to indicate here and there certain symptoms of a humorous nature latent in the higher clergy and royalty ; we have neither time nor space for the rest of mankind.Humour, like a verb, is sometimes active and sometimes passive. If active in a subject it either produces wit or appreciates it in another. If passive, it is generally unconscious and consequently the amusement is gathered by others. To be plain, the one so gifted is himself a joke, and his state of mind prevents him from being a humorist of the active or real type. The heavens prevent that we should consider the Popes and “the more dignified clergy” in this category of unconscious humorists. The title of this paper is not Dignity versus Humour, and it is far from being our intention to hold up position and responsibility as objects of merriment, though misplaced dignity is one of the foundation stones of the world’s laughter. Few writers would be bold enough to regard the Popes as fit subjects for a joke, but bishops and abbots, more especially the mediaeval ones, have long been looked upon as legitimate prey by writers of amusing (?) fiction. Emperors and other crowned heads have oftentimes aroused amusement, usually a discreet amusement, amongst their subjects ; but there is little humour, conscious or unconscious, in a Captain of Industry, whatever that pompous and preposterous title means.
The Noble Knight and the Six Old Donkeys
Authors: Eden Helen Parry 
Published: August 2007

Once upon a time there was a noble knight who led a very merry and graceless life, but at the same time never missed a sermon if he could help it. Of course people jeered at him and said he had better give up sermons if he could not behave himself more suitably. But the knight answered with becoming seriousness, “I trust in time I shall give up my evil ways ; and now although it is true that I do not do all the good I hear about, I am learning what is right against the time when I turn to honest manners in real earnest.”Well this was an odd way of going to work, and not one I should recommend to anyone I know. But true it is that Heaven notices the little good we do and makes much of it, even though the greater part of our life is evil. The noble knight did mend his ways in time ; and not only gave up his sins, but left the world and all his possessions (which were very great) and became a monk.Now it happened that at the monastery where he dwelt, getting holier and holier every day, there were six old donkeys which were really past work and no use to anyone at all. The abbot wanted to get rid of them ; and hearing that the noble knight was very well versed in the affairs of the world, he sent him to the fair, accompanied by a lay-brother, to sell the six old donkeys and bring back young ones. This task was by no means to the taste of the noble knight; however, he was a noble monk now, he remembered, and his nobility consisted in obedience ; so off he went.
CXC Chemokine Receptor-4 Antagonist Blocks Both Growth of Primary Tumor and Metastasis of Head and Neck Cancer in Xenograft Mouse Models
Authors: Yoon Younghyoun , Liang Zhongxing , Zhang Xin , Choe Mison , Zhu Aizhi , Cho Heidi T. , Shin Dong M. , Goodman Mark M. , Chen Zhuo (Georgia) , Shim Hyunsuk 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) metastasizes to the lymph nodes and lungs. We have generated previously an orthotopic mouse model for head and neck metastasis and did in vivo selection of SCCHN cells through four rounds of serial metastases. A subpopulation of 686LN cells with high metastatic potential (686LN-Ms) was isolated. When the highly metastatic cells were compared with their low metastatic parental cells (686LN-Ps), we found that CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) mRNA levels were significantly higher in the 686LN-Ms cells than the 686LN-Ps cells. Interestingly, the metastatic subclones had lost epithelial morphology and acquired mesenchymal features, which were maintained during cell expansion in vitro. This was featured by decreased E-cadherin and involucrin and increased vimentin and integrin β1. These results imply that CXCR4 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers can be potential biomarkers to identify the subpopulation of cells with high metastatic potential. Using the orthotopic SCCHN animal model, we showed that anti-CXCR4 treatment suppressed primary tumor growth by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and prevented lung metastasis. Because the reduction of metastasis seen in the treated group could have resulted from 2-fold reduction in primary tumor size compared with that in the control group, we examined the effects of the CXCR4 antagonist in an experimental metastatic animal model in which 686LN-Ms cells were i.v. injected. 686LN-Ms cells failed to metastasize in the CXCR4 antagonist-treated group, whereas they metastasized to the lungs in the control group. Our data indicate that CXCR4 is an important target to inhibit tumor progression in SCCHN. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7518–23]
Protection of Zinc against Tumor Necrosis Factor–Induced Lethal Inflammation Depends on Heat Shock Protein 70 and Allows Safe Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Van Molle Wim , Van Roy Maarten , Van Bogaert Tom , Dejager Lien , Van Lint Philippe , Vanlaere Ineke , Sekikawa Kenji , Kollias George , Libert Claude 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTumor necrosis factor (TNF)–induced inflammation prevents its broad application as an antitumor agent. We here report that addition of ZnSO4 to the drinking water of mice induces expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in several organs, notably the gastrointestinal track. Zinc conferred dose-responsive protection against TNF-induced hypothermia, systemic induction of interleukin-6 and NOx, as well as against TNF-induced bowel cell death and death of the organism. The protective effect of zinc was completely absent in mice deficient in the major HSP70-inducible gene, hsp70.1, whereas transgenic mice constitutively expressing the human HSP70.A gene, under control of a β-actin promoter, was also protected against TNF, indicating that an increase in HSP70 is necessary and sufficient to confer protection. The therapeutic potential of the protection induced by ZnSO4 was clearly shown in a TNF/IFNγ–based antitumor therapy using three different tumor models. In hsp70.1 wild-type mice, but not in hsp70.1-deficient mice, zinc very significantly protected against lethality but left the antitumor effect intact. We conclude that zinc protects against TNF in a HSP70-dependent way and that protection by zinc could be helpful in developing a safer anticancer therapy with TNF/IFNγ. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7301–7]