bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A deep learning approach for reduce CSI feedback overhead in massive MIMO
Authors: Jianbin Xue , Jiamin Gao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Massive MIMO system in FDD communication mode is still one of the indispensable technologies in future cellular communication systems. In order to reduce CSI feedback overhead and enhance the quality of CSI channel reconstruction, this paper proposes a RiCsiNet network model and designs an iNetBlock module with larger convolutional kernels and a wider network structure. By connecting parallel convolution kernels of 1 × 1, 3 × 3, 5 × 5, and 7 × 7, both the width of the network and the receptive field are increased simultaneously, enabling calculation of different feature details at each layer. The compressed CSI is accurately estimated through residual connections at the BS end. The network model proposed in this paper, when considering both the model parameter size and the estimated CSI accuracy, outperforms the existing algorithm model in the NMSE index of 70%. In this paper, we verify that using different learning rate decay algorithms to train the model, a good learning rate decay algorithm can effectively improve the quality of the model, the best result is 12% higher than the worst result. Furthermore, we demonstrate that training different network models with varying amounts of data can not only save time but also maximize CSI channel estimation quality on the BS side. Finally, the RiCsiNet model was verified using different SNR under COST2100 channel model. QuaDRiGa data sets with different truncated subcarriers are used to verify the RiCsiNet model. The CSI estimated by the RiCsiNet model all showed high accuracy.
Optical and structural properties of chlorophyll a aggregates in PVA film
Authors: Song YunFei , Jiang LiLin , Wu Jie , Lu LiPing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aggregated properties of Chlorophyll a (Chla) in polymer play a pivotal role in light capture and transfer as photostable pigment sensitizers of solar power systems. Here, we embedded the natural Chla molecules (2 × 10−3 M) extracted from spinach leaves into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films by casting method under different temperature. UV–VIS, fluorescence, Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM) have been applied to investigate the optical properties and aggregated structures in detail. The excited state dynamics of these aggregates in PVA were explored using Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC). The de-composited components from absorption, emission, TCSPC and the CD shapes in the study show the analogous characteristics to the photosystem of cyanobacteria in some papers that features a coexisting of several aggregates (dimer, oligomer, bulk oligomer), in which the proportion of bulk oligomer can be greatly promoted under lower temperature (0 °C) due to the involvement of a large amount of water. The analysis of spectral and dynamical components reveals the bulk oligomer model of Chla in PVA, which is constructed from several oligomers by PVA chain and water. Besides, a specific red trapping center within bulk oligomer is proposed to perform capturing energy in 18 ps, which is located on the lowest end of energy flow and devotes large than 99% florescence in TCSPC.
Thermogravimetric and temperature-dependent electrical investigations of Pr3+ doped multi-component silicate glasses for microelectronic technology
Authors: J Gracie P , J Yasmin , D Geetha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Multi-component silicate glasses doped with 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mol% of praseodymium (Pr3+) were synthesized by the sol–gel method. Thermal analysis of the glasses, evinced a high working temperature of 351 °C and Hruby coefficient, K

H
= 1.415 in the highly doped system, corroborating the effective role of Pr3+ ions in endowing superior thermal stability to the glass. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was applied to study the temperature-dependent electrical behavior of the glasses for their suitability as electrodes and solid electrolyte materials in batteries. A high dielectric constant of 4797 was evidenced at 1 kHz when recorded at 473 K. The AC conductivity of the glass doped with 1 mol% was observed to be the highest with 94.8 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 10 MHz and 473 K. Jonscher’s power law exponent decreased with temperature, attributing the conducting mechanism to the Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) model. The Nyquist impedance spectra demonstrated a depressed semicircle with a spur at the low-frequency end, validating the non-Debye relaxation in the glasses. The equivalent circuitry of the plot predicted parallel combinations of resistor and constant phase elements which reflects a Warburg diffusion and capacitive approach. Bode’s phasor diagram confirmed the capacitive nature by a phase angle of −90° in all the glasses. While a uniform increase in dielectric constant and conductivity was observed up to 1 mol% of Pr3+, a sharp decline in the electrical phenomenon was observed with 1.5 mol% of Pr3+, due to the possible blockade of the hopping of charge carriers by the largely quantified dopant ions. Extracting a high dielectric constant, and ionic conductivity at high frequencies, with an optimal dopant concentration of 1 mol% Pr3+, the composite glasses could be considered for their potential use in integrated microcomponent storage devices as cathode and solid electrolyte materials.
Nuclear charge radius predictions based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting
Authors: Li Weifeng , Zhang Xiaoyan , Fang Jiyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nuclear charge radii with 8 ≤ Z ≤ 100 are studied based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) method. Besides the proton, neutron, and mass numbers, the physical quantities related to the isospin, shell, and pairing effects are important to improve the performance of the XGBoost method by including them as the input variables. The XGBoost method describes the nuclear charge radii better than the Skyrme-Hartree–Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB)-21 model, especially for odd-Z nuclei. The root-mean-square deviation with respect to the experimental data is reduced from 0.025 fm of the HFB-21 model to 0.012 fm of the XGBoost method in the learning set. It is found that the XGBoost method has reliable extrapolation ability at least for the nuclei not far from the learning region, which is verified by comparison with the data in the newly measured experimental data. When extrapolated to the unknown region, the XGBoost predictions of charge radii are close to the HFB-21 results, and the deviations between them are generally less than 0.1 fm even within about 20 steps from the known region.
From Swiss-cheese to discrete ferroelectric composites: assessing the ferroelectric butterfly shape in polarization loops
Authors: Myroshnychenko Viktor , Mulavarickal Jose Pious Mathews , Farheen Henna , Ejaz Shafaq , Brosseau Christian , Förstner Jens 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We explore the polarization hysteretic behaviour and field-dependent permittivity of ferroelectric-dielectric 2D materials formed by random dispersions of low permittivity inclusions in a ferroelectric matrix, using finite element simulations. We show how the degree of impenetrability of dielectric inclusions plays a substantial role in controlling the coercive field, remnant and saturation polarizations of the homogenized materials. The results highlight the significance of the degree of impenetrability of inclusion in tuning the effective polarization properties of such ferroelectric composites: coercive field drops significantly as percolation threshold is attained and remnant polarization decreases faster than a linear decay.
Fano resonance-enhanced planar waveguide sensor utilizing MoS2 for high-performance sensing application
Authors: Maurya Rajiv , Mishra Ankit , Yadav Chandan Singh , Upadhyay Abhishek , Singh Vivek 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Sensing performance of a Fano resonance waveguide based sensor having a MoS2 material assisted with low refractive index coupling prism BK7 is analyzed. Position of MoS2 is optimized by considering two six-layer structural configurations i.e. PAMCFS and PMACFS and their results are compared at particular guiding layer thickness 500 nm and coupling layer thickness 700 nm. The reflectance formula of proposed six-layer waveguide is obtained using Fresnel’s equations. Our analysis shows that the PAMCFS waveguide gives better sensing performance than PMACFS. Further, sensing parameters is analyzed for different thickness of coupling layer and guiding layer. The maximum obtained sensitivity for zero order Fano resonance mode in intensity interrogation of the proposed PAMCFS waveguide structure is 6.847 × 106 a.u.-RIU–1 at guiding layer thickness 800 nm and coupling layer thickness 1000 nm. Also, at these thicknesses, FWHM is obtained in order of ∼10−6 while the achieved detection accuracy and figure of merit in order of ∼107 and ∼106 respectively.
Divertor enrichment of recycling impurity species (He, N2, Ne, Ar, Kr) in ASDEX Upgrade H-modes
Authors: Kallenbach A. , Dux R. , Henderson S.S. , Tantos C. , Bernert M. , Day C. , McDermott R.M. , Rohde V. , Zito A. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Particle balance calculations are done for the seeding species N2, Ne, Ar, Kr as well as He with the aim of obtaining a realistic description of the divertor and core plasma impurity content. Experimental time traces of main plasma impurity densities are fitted by a single, time-independent parameter v

z
,
in

eff

. This parameter represents the product of the impurity inward pinch in the pedestal, used for the description of gross fueling here, and the enrichment factor between the sub-divertor gas reservoir and the upstream separatrix. v

z
,
in

eff

depends strongly on the first ionization energy as well as on the charge Z or mass of the impurity. The prevailing dependence of the enrichment values on the ionization energy suggests the importance of the relative impurity and deuterium ionization lengths in the divertor. Regression analysis of v

z
,
in

eff

yields an expression for the impurity concentrations in the core and the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade which allows the prediction of the corresponding impurity densities and their divertor enrichment within a factor of 2 with only engineering parameters as input. A simple wall model has been introduced to take into account wall storage and release of impurities, e.g. for conditions of pre-loaded walls due to seeding in previous discharges. Wall effects are observed for all species considered, but wall storage turns out to be more important for N and He compared to Ne, Ar, Kr. Similar enrichment values are obtained for ELMy H-modes and EDA/QCE no-ELM regimes. A factor of approximately 1.4 reduction in enrichment is observed for divertor conditions for pronounced detachment with Ar and N2. The obtained analytical model for the core and sub-divertor impurity densities is well suited for integration into a discharge flight simulator or a real time state observer.
Bioinspiration from bats and new paradigms for autonomy in natural environments
Authors: Müller Rolf 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Achieving autonomous operation in complex natural environment remains an unsolved challenge. Conventional engineering approaches to this problem have focused on collecting large amounts of sensory data that are used to create detailed digital models of the environment. However, this only postpones solving the challenge of identifying the relevant sensory information and linking it to action control to the domain of the digital world model. Furthermore, it imposes high demands in terms of computing power and introduces large processing latencies that hamper autonomous real-time performance. Certain species of bats that are able to navigate and hunt their prey in dense vegetation could be a biological model system for an alternative approach to addressing the fundamental issues associated with autonomy in complex natural environments. Bats navigating in dense vegetation rely on clutter echoes, i.e. signals that consist of unresolved contributions from many scatters. Yet, the animals are able to extract the relevant information from these input signals with brains that are often less than 1 g in mass. Pilot results indicate that information relevant to location identification and passageway finding can be directly obtained from clutter echoes, opening up the possibility that the bats’ skill can be replicated in man-made autonomous systems.
A scalable crop yield estimation framework based on remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF)
Authors: Kira Oz , Wen Jiaming , Han Jimei , McDonald Andrew J , Barrett Christopher B , Ortiz-Bobea Ariel , Liu Yanyan , You Liangzhi , Mueller Nathaniel D , Sun Ying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Projected increases in food demand driven by population growth coupled with heightened agricultural vulnerability to climate change jointly pose severe threats to global food security in the coming decades, especially for developing nations. By providing real-time and low-cost observations, satellite remote sensing has been widely employed to estimate crop yield across various scales. Most such efforts are based on statistical approaches that require large amounts of ground measurements for model training/calibration, which may be challenging to obtain on a large scale in developing countries that are most food-insecure and climate-vulnerable. In this paper, we develop a generalizable framework that is mechanism-guided and practically parsimonious for crop yield estimation. We then apply this framework to estimate crop yield for two crops (corn and wheat) in two contrasting regions, the US Corn Belt US-CB, and India’s Indo–Gangetic plain Wheat Belt IGP-WB, respectively. This framework is based on the mechanistic light reactions (MLR) model utilizing remotely sensed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) as a major input. We compared the performance of MLR to two commonly used machine learning (ML) algorithms: artificial neural network and random forest. We found that MLR-SIF has comparable performance to ML algorithms in US-CB, where abundant and high-quality ground measurements of crop yield are routinely available (for model calibration). In IGP-WB, MLR-SIF significantly outperforms ML algorithms. These results demonstrate the potential advantage of MLR-SIF for yield estimation in developing countries where ground truth data is limited in quantity and quality. In addition, high-resolution and crop-specific satellite SIF is crucial for accurate yield estimation. Therefore, harnessing the mechanism-guided MLR-SIF and rapidly growing satellite SIF measurements (with high resolution and crop-specificity) hold promise to enhance food security in developing countries towards more effective responses to food crises, agricultural policies, and more efficient commodity pricing.
Potential nitrogen mobilisation from the Yedoma permafrost domain
Authors: Strauss Jens , Marushchak Maija E , van Delden Lona , Sanders Tina , Biasi Christina , Voigt Carolina , Jongejans Loeka L , Treat Claire 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Permafrost regions, characterised by extensive belowground excess ice, are highly vulnerable to rapid thaw, particularly in areas such as the Yedoma domain. This region is known to freeze-lock a globally significant stock of soil nitrogen (N). However, the fate of this N upon permafrost thaw remains largely unknown. In this study, we assess the impact of climate warming on the size and dynamics of the soil N pool in (sub-)Arctic ecosystems, drawing upon recently published data and literature. Our findings suggest that climate warming and increased thaw depths will result in an expansion of the reactive soil N pool due to the larger volume of (seasonally) thawed soil. Dissolved organic N emerges as the predominant N form for rapid cycling within (sub-)Arctic ecosystems. The fate of newly thawed N from permafrost is primarily influenced by plant uptake, microbial immobilisation, changes in decomposition rates due to improved N availability, as well as lateral flow. The Yedoma domain contains substantial N pools, and the partial but increasing thaw of this previously frozen N has the potential to amplify climate feedbacks through additional nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Our ballpark estimate indicates that the Yedoma domain may contribute approximately 6% of the global annual rate of N2O emissions from soils under natural vegetation. However, the released soil N could also mitigate climate feedbacks by promoting enhanced vegetation carbon uptake. The likelihood and rate of N2O production are highest in permafrost thaw sites with intermediate moisture content and disturbed vegetation, but accurately predicting future landscape and hydrology changes in the Yedoma domain remains challenging. Nevertheless, it is evident that the permafrost-climate feedback will be significantly influenced by the quantity and mobilisation state of this unconsidered N pool.
Degree of polarization in dissipative optical systems
Authors: Cirino M J , Brandão P A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The polarization matrix formalism is employed to analyze the polarization properties of transmitted narrowband light through several optical setups involving active and dissipative structures. It is demonstrated that the degree of polarization of the output light can increase after propagation in a active/dissipative periodic media. Furthermore, the impact of introducing optical elements like polarizers, compensators, and rotators is examined, and their collective effect on the degree of polarization is discussed.
Short excitonic lifetimes of MoSe2 monolayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on the hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Oreszczuk Kacper , Pacuski Wojciech , Rodek Aleksander , Raczyński Mateusz , Kazimierczuk Tomasz , Nogajewski Karol , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Potemski Marek , Kossacki Piotr 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a time-resolved optical study of recently developed narrow-line MoSe2 monolayers grown on hexagonal boron nitride with means of molecular beam epitaxy. We find that the photoluminescence decay times are significantly shorter than in the case of the exfoliated samples, even below one picosecond. Such a short timescale requires measurements with better resolution than achievable with a streak camera. Therefore, we employ an excitation correlation spectroscopy pump-probe technique. This approach allows us to identify two distinct non-radiative recombination channels attributed to lattice imperfections. The first channel is active at helium temperatures. It reduces the lifetime of the neutral exciton to below one picosecond. The second channel becomes active at elevated temperatures, further shortening the lifetimes of both neutral and charged exciton. The high effectiveness of both radiative and non-radiative recombination makes epitaxial MoSe2 a promising material for ultrafast optoelectronics.
New Religious Movement, Old Religious Movement
Authors: Robison Claire C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter leads the reader through a brief historical summary of the Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava traditions from which ISKCON derives, tracing the long view of the development of a transnational religious organization with a focus on the local and transregional networks at each major step in its formation. Beginning in sixteenth-century Bengal, it follows Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇavism’s transregional development in early modern India and its institutionalization within the context of colonial Bengal. It also discusses the growth of a Gauḍīya global missionary imperative during the colonial period, a precursor to A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami’s establishment of ISKCON, its transnational spread, and its subsequent re-importation to India as a highly systematized form of Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇavism, an example of a transnational, multivocal religious traditionalism.
Conclusion
Authors: Robison Claire C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The conclusion of this study considers ISKCON’s identity in India as a form of religious modernity, grounded in revising religion through refiguring devotees’ relation to family, religion, nation, and culture. ISKCON’s growth in Mumbai as a globalized religious organization demonstrates that local, lived religion in urban India today is intertwined with transnational networks, even alongside rhetorics of traditionalism. Today, this lived religion has expanded into broader realms of engagement in Mumbai and beyond. Second and third generation Indian devotees organize polished kīrtans that draw glamorous audiences in South Bombay, while some temple brahmacaris have attained widespread social media popularity as motivational speakers and lifestyle coaches. These new faces of ISKCON in India are fashioning an urban bhakti for the next generation.
Schizachyrium scoparium (C4) better tolerates drought than Andropogon gerardii (C4) via constant CO2 supply for photosynthesis during water stress
Authors: Dekirmenjian Alina , Montano Diego , Budny Michelle L , Lemoine Nathan P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Abstract. Climate change is dramatically altering global precipitation patterns across terrestrial ecosystems, making it critically important that we understand both how and why plant species vary in their drought sensitivities. Andropogon gerardii and Schizachyrium scoparium, both C4 grasses, provide a model system for understanding the physiological mechanisms that determine how species of a single functional type can differ in drought responses, an issue remains a critical gap in our ability to model and predict the impacts of drought on grassland ecosystems. Despite its greater lability of foliar water content, previous experiments have demonstrated that S. scoparium maintains higher photosynthetic capacity during droughts. It is therefore likely that the ability of S. scoparium to withstand drought instead derives from a greater metabolic resistance to drought. Here, we tested the following hypotheses: (H1) A. gerardii is more vulnerable to drought than S. scoparium at both the population and organismal levels, (H2) A. gerardii is less stomatally flexible than S. scoparium, and (H3) A. gerardii is more metabolically limited than S. scoparium. Our results indicate that it is actually stomatal limitations of CO2 supply that limit A. gerardii photosynthesis during drought. Schizachyrium scoparium was more drought-resistant than A. gerardii based on long-term field data, organismal biomass production and physiological gas exchange measurements. While both S. scoparium and A. gerardii avoided metabolic limitation of photosynthesis, CO2 supply of A. gerardii was greatly reduced during late-stage drought stress. That two common, co-occurring C4 species possess such different responses to drought highlights the physiological variability inherent within plant functional groups and underscores the need for more studies of C4 drought tolerance.