bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing cleanup of highly viscous oil spills: A biomass‐based aerogel with photothermal conversion and joule heating for a dual‐energy absorption device
Authors: Zhang Jinghan , Zhang Weijia , Li Changhua , Yuan Bihe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe frequent occurrences of offshore oil spills have led to severe environmental contamination and ecological threats. However, traditional recovery methods pose issues such as high‐energy consumption, low absorption efficiency and secondary pollution. This work prepared a hydrophobic aerogel (P‐GO@CNTs‐9/ATP/SA) using sodium alginate, attapulgite and graphene oxide surface‐modified carbon nanotubes with superior solar/Joule heating ability. The water contact angle of this aerogel is approximately 147.5°. Moreover, this aerogel demonstrates stable and efficient photothermal conversion properties, reaching a surface temperature of 82.3 °C under one solar illumination (1 kW/m2). Furthermore, when applying a voltage of 10 V, the surface temperature of the P‐GO@CNTs‐9/ATP/SA aerogel reaches 170.4 °C, assisting photothermal conversion to enhance the fluidity of viscous oil, thereby conserving energy. Finally, we present a continuous absorption device utilizing P‐GO@CNTs‐9/ATP/SA as the primary component, enabling automatic switching between photothermal and electrothermal modes for the comprehensive and continuous treatment of oil spills. Due to the unique design, environmental friendliness and ideal absorption capacity, this approach offers a novel choice for recovery of oil spills, which is expected to further promote principles of sustainable development.
Simultaneous high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthraquinones in sicklepod sprouts with α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity
Authors: Muraoka Takuya , Imahori Daisuke , Miyagi Rina , Shinohara Naoki , Tanaka Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionSicklepod [Cassia obtusifolia L. syn Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Fabaceae] sprouts are promising ingredients with health‐promoting benefits. Notwithstanding, the pharmacologically active compounds in sicklepod sprouts have not been studied or analysed in detail.ObjectiveThis study aimed to isolate and structurally identify phytochemicals showing α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity in sicklepod sprouts and simultaneously quantify the compounds in the sprouts to determine the optimal cultivation method and germination time to maximise active compounds.MethodA simultaneous high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) method with high sensitivity and accuracy was developed and used to analyse time‐dependent changes in anthraquinone content during sicklepod germination.ResultsThirteen anthraquinones were isolated and identified, of which six—chrysoobtusin, emodin, 1‐O‐methyl‐2‐methoxychrysophanol, 7‐O‐methylobtusin, chrysophanol, and physcion—showed moderate α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. The maximum content of anthraquinones in a sprout was observed on Day 5 under both light and dark conditions.ConclusionThe findings of this study revealed that sicklepod sprouts which are promising functional food materials contain a variety of anthraquinones.
Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS)
Authors: Tsuchida Aki , Sawada Ken 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is increasingly recognized as a clinicoradiological syndrome. Its etiology is diverse, encompassing a variety of triggers, including infections and metabolic abnormalities. Uniquely, MERS may present with psychiatric symptoms, such as delirium, visual hallucinations, and catatonia, posing diagnostic challenges. The variability of these neuropsychiatric symptoms necessitates early diagnosis through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to avoid prolonged antipsychotic treatment.Case PresentationThis report details a case of MERS in a 39‐year‐old male. The patient initially presented with headache, sore throat, and abnormal laboratory results: leukocytosis, neutrophilia with a left shift, elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, and hyponatremia. On the fourth day of admission, he developed severe anxiety and restlessness, exhibited thoughts of death, and reported experiencing vivid hallucinations upon closing his eyes. MRI revealed a hyperintense lesion in the corpus callosum. A lumbar puncture showed no increase in cell count or protein. The patient showed a positive response to treatment with antibiotics and olanzapine, demonstrating rapid symptomatic improvement. A follow‐up MRI on the 11th day showed complete resolution of the brain lesions. Six months later, no neurological or psychiatric sequelae were noted. The patient's clinical progression and imaging findings led to a definitive diagnosis of MERS.ConclusionThe early presentation of symptoms such as restlessness, hallucinations, and death ideation played a critical role in diagnosing MERS, with early MRI examination being instrumental in both diagnosis and preventing prolonged antipsychotic medication use.
Is there scope to do better? Clinical communication with adolescents and young adults with cancer—A scoping review
Authors: Critoph Deborah J. , Cable Maria , Farmer Jessica , Hatcher Helen M. , Kuhn Isla , Taylor Rachel M. , Smith Luke A. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionHow to communicate effectively with adolescent and young adults with cancer (AYACs) is a research priority. In a UK‐wide survey of young people with cancer's research priorities, communication was a striking cross‐cutting theme. It is increasingly recognised that AYACs have experiences and communication needs that differ significantly from those of younger children and older adults. The purpose of this review is to explore the features of effective clinical communication with AYACs.MethodsA literature search was undertaken to identify and map the available evidence using a broad scope to get an overview of the pertinent literature, identify knowledge gaps and clarify concepts. The searches yielded 5825 records, generating 4040 unique articles. These were screened and 71 full articles were read by four researchers with disagreements resolved by discussion leaving 29 included articles. Narrative synthesis was undertaken in relation to each of the research questions.ResultsThree key themes were identified: being an adolescent/young adult, supporters, and healthcare professionals (HCPs). AYACs need to feel that HCPs understand their unique perspective. They want to be involved, this changes over time and in different contexts. Supporters are a central tenet, are most often parents and undertake several roles which are not always universally supportive. HCPs enable involvement of AYACs, and this needs to be actively promoted. AYACs preference for their level of involvement requires continual assessment. The three themes are interlinked and exist within the wider scope of the triadic encounter and cancer experience.ConclusionSupporters, most often parents were a key feature across the data and were seemingly paradoxical in nature. Triadic communication, the presence of a third person, is a central tenet of communication with AYACs and we propose a conceptual model to represent the nuances, components, and facets of this complex communication.
Development of a multigenomic liquid biopsy (PROSTest) for prostate cancer in whole blood
Authors: Modlin Irvin M. , Kidd Mark , Drozdov Ignat A. , Boegemann Martin , Bodei Lisa , Kunikowska Jolanta , Malczewska Anna , Bernemann Christof , Koduru Srinivas V. , Rahbar Kambiz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe describe the development of a molecular assay from publicly available tumor tissue mRNA databases using machine learning and present preliminary evidence of functionality as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for prostate cancer (PCa) in whole blood.Materials and MethodsWe assessed 1055 PCas (public microarray data sets) to identify putative mRNA biomarkers. Specificity was confirmed against 32 different solid and hematological cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 10,990). This defined a 27‐gene panel which was validated by qPCR in 50 histologically confirmed PCa surgical specimens and matched blood. An ensemble classifier (Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, XGBoost) was trained in age‐matched PCas (n = 294), and in 72 controls and 64 BPH. Classifier performance was validated in two independent sets (n = 263 PCas; n = 99 controls). We assessed the panel as a postoperative disease monitor in a radical prostatectomy cohort (RPC: n = 47).ResultsA PCa‐specific 27‐gene panel was identified. Matched blood and tumor gene expression levels were concordant (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001). The ensemble classifier (“PROSTest”) was scaled 0%–100% and the industry‐standard operating point of ≥50% used to define a PCa. Using this, the PROSTest exhibited an 85% sensitivity and 95% specificity for PCa versus controls. In two independent sets, the metrics were 92%–95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In the RPCs (n = 47), PROSTest scores decreased from 72% ± 7% to 33% ± 16% (p < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney test). PROSTest was 26% ± 8% in 37 with normal postoperative PSA levels (<0.1 ng/mL). In 10 with elevated postoperative PSA, PROSTest was 60% ± 4%.ConclusionA 27‐gene whole blood signature for PCa is concordant with tissue mRNA levels. Measuring blood expression provides a minimally invasive genomic tool that may facilitate prostate cancer management.
Presenting a new model for evaluating the factors affecting equipment reliability using system dynamics
Authors: Modares Azam , Pooya Alireza , Emroozi Vahideh Bafandegan , Roozkhosh Pardis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines reliability of equipment (RoE) through three approaches: equipment design reliability, human reliability (HR), and maintenance‐based reliability. HR plays a key role in minimizing human error (HE) and subsequently enhancing RoE. Given that equipment reliability is influenced by numerous factors, these technologies come with various constraints, multiple outputs, and inputs. Compared to mathematical programming and analytical models, simulation methods in the field of reliability are relatively limited. However, system dynamics (SD) modeling is well‐suited to capture dynamics and complexity of systems, making it a valuable tool for long‐term strategic decision‐making. In this study, a combination of SD and regression approaches has been employed to explore the relationship between reliability and key variables such as HE and profit. Initially, the variables influencing reliability are identified, and then SD is utilized to understand the processes and interactions among these variables. Furthermore, linear regression is employed to establish the relationship between affective variables, reliability, and HE. To validate the results obtained from the proposed method, a sensitivity analysis is conducted. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Simulation results indicate that implementing policies such as employee training and preventive maintenance significantly enhances RoE, leading to increased sales and profits for the organization. Therefore, managers should prioritize these variables and allocate adequate attention and resources to them.
Determination of trace chelating carboxylic acids in rice by green extraction combined with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and its application in the evaluation of old and new rice
Authors: Kang Yuting , Wang Yan , Feng Yufei , Huang Guoliang , Qi Fang , Li Huiru , Jiang Kezhi 
Published: April 2024

RationaleAccurate identification of old rice samples from new ones benefits their market circulation and consumers. However, the current detection methods are still not satisfactory because of their insufficient accuracy or (and) time‐consuming process.MethodsChelating carboxylic acids (CCAs) were selectively extracted from rice, by stirring with chelating resin and a dilute Na2CO3 solution. The green analytical chemistry guidelines for sample preparation were investigated by using the green chemistry calculator AGREE prep. The extractant was determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and statistical analysis of the analytical data was carried out to evaluate the significance of the difference by ChiPlot.ResultsThe limit of quantitation for the CCAs is in the range of 1 to 50 ng/mL, with a reasonable reproducibility. The CCAs in 23 rice samples were determined within a wide concentration range from 0.03 to 1174 μg/g. Intriguingly, the content of citric acid, malonic acid, α‐ketoglutaric acid and cis‐aconite acid in new rice was each found to be distinctively higher than that in old rice by several times. Even mixtures of old and new rice were found to show much difference in the concentration of citric acid and malic acid.ConclusionA green analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of CCAs by LC/MS analysis, and the identification of old rice samples from new ones was easily carried out according to their CCA content for the first time. The results indicated that the described method has powerful potential for the accurate identification of old rice samples from new ones.
Ruptured giant thoracic hydatid cyst presenting with respiratory symptoms
Authors: Ershadi Reza , Amini Hesam , Roostaei Ghazal , Kazemizadeh Hossein , Mollamohammadi Leila , Khoshnam Rad Niloofar 
Published: April 2024

Key messagePulmonary hydatid disease remains a global public health issue. Symptoms often result from cyst rupture, causing fever, cough, and hemoptysis. Radiographs may show homogeneous masses, air‐fluid levels, or the pathognomonic “water lily” sign. Surgical removal is the primary treatment, with early diagnosis crucial to prevent acute hypersensitivity reactions and death.
Amphiphilic Polyphosphazene for Fluorocarbon Emulsion Stabilization
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Liu Wei , Zang Zhiyi , Luo Yuzheng , Sun Shuyi , Zhang Shuangkun , Russell Thomas P. , Shi Shaowei , Wu Zhanpeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) have been of great interest for fabricating fluorinated porous polymers having controlled pore structures and excellent physicochemical properties. However, it remains a challenge to prepare stable fluorocarbon HIPEs, due to the lack of suitable surfactants. By randomly grating hydrophilic and fluorophilic side chains to polyphosphazene (PPZ), a comb‐like amphiphilic PPZ surfactant with biodegradability is designed and synthesized for stabilizing water/fluorocarbon oil‐based emulsions. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of PPZs can be controlled by tuning the grating ratio of the two side chains, leading to the preparation of stable water‐in‐oil HIPEs and oil‐in‐water emulsions, and the production of fluorinated porous polymers and particles by polymerizing the oil phase. These fluorinated porous polymers show excellent thermal stability and, due to the hydrophobicity and porous structure, applications in the field of oil/water separation can be achieved.
Activating TiO2 through the Phase Transition‐Mediated Hydrogen Spillover to Outperform Pt for Electrocatalytic pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Jiexian , Guo Peifang , Liu Da , Yan Xiaoxiao , Tu Xin , Pan Hongge , Wu Renbing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndowing conventional materials with specific functions that are hardly available is invariably of significant importance but greatly challenging. TiO2 is proven to be highly active for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution while intrinsically inert for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its poor electrical conductivity and unfavorable hydrogen adsorption/desorption behavior. Herein, the first activation of inert TiO2 for electrocatalytic HER is demonstrated by synergistically modulating the positions of d‐band center and triggering hydrogen spillover through the dual doping‐induced partial phase transition. The N, F co‐doping‐induced partial phase transition from anatase to rutile phase in TiO2 (AR‐TiO2|(N,F)) exhibits extraordinary HER performance with overpotentials of 74, 80, and 142 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2 in 1.0 M KOH, 0.5 M H2SO4, and 1.0 M phosphate‐buffered saline electrolytes, respectively, which are substantially better than pure TiO2, and even superior to the benchmark Pt/C catalysts. These findings may open a new avenue for the development of low‐cost alternative to noble metal catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen production.
Anti‐Solvent‐Free Fabrication of Stable FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 24.0% through a Naphthalene‐Based Passivator
Authors: Kong Hao , Zhao Chenxu , Han Huifang , Liu Huijing , Zou Pengchen , Fu Yao , Lang Kun , Shen Fan , Liu Xuewei , Xu Jia , Yao Jianxi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe anti‐solvent‐free fabrication of high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) holds immense significance for the transition from laboratory‐scale to large‐scale commercial applications. However, the device performance is severely hindered by the increased occurrence of surface defects resulting from the lack of control over nucleation and crystallization of perovskite using anti‐solvent methods. In this study, 2‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)ethylamine hydriodide (NEAI) is employed as the surface passivator for perovskite films without using any anti‐solvent. Naphthalene demonstrates strong π‐π conjugation, which aids in the efficient extraction of charge carriers. Additionally, the naphthalene‐ring moieties form a tight attachment to the perovskite surface. After NEAI treatment, FA and I vacancies are selectively occupied by NEA+ and I− in NEAI respectively, thus effectively passivating the surface defects and isolating the surface from moisture. Ultimately, the optimized NEAI‐treated device achieves a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.19% (with a certified efficiency of 23.94%), featuring a high fill factor of 83.53%. It stands out as one of the reported high PCEs achieved for PSCs using the spin‐coating technique without the need for any anti‐solvent so far. Furthermore, the NEAI‐treated device can maintain ≈87% of its initial PCE after 2000 h in ambient air with a relative humidity of 30% ± 5%.
Phylogeny of Berberidopsidales based on nuclear and chloroplast loci, with the description of a new species of Berberidopsis endemic to Central Chile
Authors: Menegoz Kora , Villarroel Alejandro E. , Lavandero Nicolás 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBerberidopsidales comprises two families: monotypic Aextoxicaceae (Aextoxicon punctatum in Chile and Argentina) and Berberidopsidaceae. The latter includes Australian monotypic Streptothamnus (S. moorei) and Berberidopsis (B. beckleri in Australia and B. corallina in Chile). A new Berberidopsis species from the Central Chilean Andes is here described. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and chloroplast data clarified the relationships within Berberidopsidales. The new species, Berberidopsis granitica, is sister to the Chilean endemic B. corallina, and this clade is sister to the Australian B. beckleri. The dated molecular phylogeny places the split between the South American B. corallina and B. granitica into the late Miocene/early Pleistocene and the split between South American and Australian Berberidopsis to the late Miocene and Pliocene, suggesting transoceanic dispersal rather than vicariance. Climatic niche analyses show two distinct and non‐overlapping climatic niches for the Australian and southern South American species. Berberidopsis granitica and B. corallina also differ clearly in their habitat and morphology, in addition to their climatic niche. Berberidopsis granitica has a very restricted distribution area and grows in the Andes under montane climatic conditions, unique within Berberidopsidales.
Predictive machine learning in optimizing the performance of electric vehicle batteries: Techniques, challenges, and solutions
Authors: Naresh Vankamamidi S. , Ratnakara Rao Guduru V. N. S. R. , Prabhakar D. V. N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research paper explores the importance of optimizing the performance of electric vehicle (EV) batteries to align with the rapid growth in EV usage. It uses predictive machine learning (ML) techniques to achieve this optimization. The paper covers various ML methods like supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning (DL) and ways to measure their effectiveness. Significant battery performance factors, such as state of charge (SoC), state of health (SoH), state of function (SoF), and remaining useful life (RUL), are discussed, along with methods to collect and prepare data for accurate predictions. The paper introduces an operation research model for optimizing the performance of EV Batteries. It also looks at challenges unique to battery systems and ways to overcome them. The study showcases ML models' ability to predict battery behavior for real‐time monitoring, efficient energy use, and proactive maintenance. The paper categorizes different applications and case studies, providing valuable insights and forward‐looking perspectives for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in improving EV battery performance through predictive ML.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Classification
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Explainable AI
Technologies > Machine Learning
Cropping decisions under water stress: Evidence from Cauvery Delta Region, India
Authors: Nair Jyoti , Thomas Bejoy K. , Bahinipati Chandra Sekhar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCropping decisions under resource constraints such as water stress have a significant influence on the livelihoods of farm households. Using survey data from 152 farm households in three villages of the paddy producing zone in the Cauvery Delta Region in India, we examine the factors that determine selection of paddy varieties and cotton. Our findings show that the marketability of specific paddy varieties, given inadequate public procurement, and groundwater use, driven by reduced surface water flows, influence crop choice. Farmers have modified their sowing practices and cropping patterns as a response to water stress and market signals. We conclude that to develop effective interventions to improve farm‐based livelihoods, it is important to look not just at climatic drivers of crop choice and farm level adjustments but the multiple stressors at different scales.