bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les analyses concurrentes de la société de marché postcommuniste. Retour sur le passé d'une controverse
Authors: Greskovits Béla 
Published: October 2008

﻿Rival views of post-communist market society. the path dependence of transitology
By reviewing the debate on the political consequences of capitalist expansion and the impact of the communist legacy on the emerging East European market societies, the author demons­trates that the manner social scientists think about post-communism has much in common with the ideas of their predecessors who faced the emergence of capitalism over the past centuries. Neither the specific historical nor the systemic context of capitalist expansion can fully account for the continuity of the major views and their conflict. Rather rivalry is the standard way social scientists think about systems and systemic change in general. However, the trench-war between rival views of post-communist market society also reflects the impact of new psycholo­gical, political, and institutional factors specific to the mass-production of social science ideas towards the end of the 20th century.
L'histoire des grandes sociétés en Allemagne, en France et en Italie
Authors: Ducouloux-Favard Claude 
Published: October 2008

Les droits des pays européens marquent entre eux de notables divergences ; ainsi en est-il du droit des sociétés en Allemagne, en France et en Italie. Cependant, la construction et l'évolution de ces législations suivent les mêmes courants de pensée et la philosophie juridique sous-jacente au droit positif, si elle a été très longtemps de source française, a subi en ce début du siècle l'influence germanique qui s'est faite sentir jusque dans l'élaboration des premières directives de la C.E.E.
A l'heure où la nécessité pratique du passage des frontières se fait plus prégnante, seule la connaissance des sources historiques des règles de droit peut en permettre une correcte compréhension et, dès lors, une bonne application.
L'opportunité d'une responsabilité communautaire du pollueur. Les distorsions entre les États-membres et les enseignements de l'expérience américaine
Authors: Thieffry Patrick 
Published: October 2008

L'absence d'analyse comparative sérieuse contenue dans le Livre vert par lequel la Commission Européenne a récemment lancé un large débat sur la réparation des dommages causés à l'environnement permet de douter qu'une initiative communautaire en la matière corresponde à un réel souci d'harmonisation des législations des États membres. Celles-ci paraîtraient d'ailleurs plutôt converger dans le sens d'une mise en cause plus facile des pollueurs, qu'il s'agisse de leur responsabilité civile ou du pouvoir de l'administration de leur enjoindre la remise en état de l'environnement. Et certaines distorsions paraissent par contre inéluctables, en raison de différences soit économiques, soit tenant aux conceptions procédurales fondamentales des États membres.
Le législateur communautaire, s'il envisage de forcer l'internaiisation des coûts externes environnementaux dans les charges du fabricant afin de favoriser les produits plus respectueux de l'environnement, ne pourra que tenir compte des excès commis à ce titre par la jurisprudence américaine dans l'interprétation de la loi Superfund. L'imputation de la responsabilité à la société mère, aux dirigeants, aux banquiers, la rétroactivité ont tous été mis en œuvre aux États-Unis pour pourvoir à la réparation des dommages dont l'auteur réel ne peut utilement être poursuivi.
L'alternative consistera pour le législateur communautaire en une « mutualisation » de la charge de certains dommages écologiques, au risque d'obérer la compétitivité internationale de l'industrie communautaire.
Essai sur les origines et les auteurs du Code Noir
Authors: Valentine Palmer Vernon 
Published: October 2008

Quand le Code Noir fut promulgué par Louis XIV, en 1685, pour réglementer l'esclavage dans les colonies françaises aux Caraïbes, l'esclavage n'existait pas en France métropolitaine et il n'y avait pas de réglementation en France qui aurait pu lui servir de source. Par conséquent se pose une question intéressante : d'où les articles du Code Noir proviennent-ils ? Furent-ils basés sur des sources antillaises, comme des coutumes propres aux îles ou des règlements pris par les trois Conseils Souverains dans les îles ? Ou furent-ils produits artificiellement en empruntant au droit romain son droit de l'esclavage et en le transplantant dans le Nouveau Monde ?
Satisfait de tirer des conclusions fondées simplement sur une comparaison superficielle entre les règles romaines et le Code Noir, certains experts en droit romain ont conclu que c'était la véritable source et le modèle du Code Noir. Certains comparatistes ont aussi accepté la « Thèse Romaine », soutenant que c'était une illustration exceptionnelle du processus par lequel les idées juridiques émigrent avec une aisance remarquable d'un État à l'autre, même entre sociétés séparées par des siècles, des océans et des attitudes raciales profondément différentes.
Pour la première fois, ces prétentions sont examinées à l'aide de documents d'archives et la présente étude arrive à des conclusions très différentes. Le Code Noir ne fut pas écrit par des juristes érudits enfermés à Paris mais plutôt par des administrateurs sur le terrain (l'Intendant et le Gouverneur général des Iles) qui, suivant les instructions royales, mélangèrent les édits et les coutumes des Caraïbes avec les vues des notables locaux pour former un avant-projet cohérent que Versailles promulgua sans changement essentiel ou révision. Ainsi la thèse romaine et ses implications trompeuses en droit comparé s'écroulent et une nouvelle voie s'ouvre aux recherches sur la nature du droit de l'esclavage dans les Caraïbes et en Louisiane.
Longitudinal Cervical Length Measurements and Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Singleton and Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Wu Tianchen , Li Shuang , Gong Xiaoli , Li Jiaxin , Li Xuening , Zhai Yujia , Huang Jiaqi , Li Xiaona , Li Luyao , Yang Jing , Wang Xueju , Shi Huifeng , Yuan Pengbo , Zhao Yangyu , Wei Yuan 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceChanges in cervical length in twin pregnancies exhibit various patterns, but it is unclear whether the mechanism underlying spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is consistent. The existence of detailed phenomena in singleton pregnancies is also unclear.ObjectivesTo explore the different patterns in cervical length trajectories in singleton and twin pregnancies and to analyze whether the immunological mechanisms of sPTB are consistent among these cervical length patterns.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study recruited pregnant individuals who received antenatal care and delivered at Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing, China, between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2022. Individuals with singleton and twin pregnancies were included.ExposuresCervical length measurements and white blood cell (WBC) indicators.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was sPTB. Longitudinal trajectory cluster analysis was used to identify patterns of changes in cervical length in singleton and twin pregnancies. A random-effects model with cubic spline was used to fit and compare the longitudinal trajectory of WBC indicators among early preterm birth, moderate to late preterm birth, and term birth.ResultsA total of 43 559 pregnant individuals were included; of these, 41 706 had singleton pregnancies (mean [SD)] maternal age, 33.0 [4.0] years) and 1853 had twin pregnancies (mean [SD] maternal age, 33.3 [3.6] years). Two distinct patterns of cervical length changes were observed in both singleton and twin pregnancies: shortened (21 366 singletons and 546 twins) and stable (20 340 singletons and 1307 twins). In singleton pregnancies, WBC count was associated with early sPTB in individuals with both shortened cervix (odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% CI, 1.00-1.82) and stable cervix (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.07-2.50). However, for twin pregnancies, the association of WBC count (OR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.58-6.18) with the risk of early sPTB was observed only in individuals with a shortened cervix.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study identified 2 distinct cervical length patterns: shortened and stable. These patterns revealed 2 preterm birth mechanisms in twin pregnancies, with the immunopathogenesis of sPTB found only in the shortened cervix pattern; in singleton pregnancies, maternal immune response was associated with a higher risk of sPTB regardless of a shortened or stable cervix.
Second Primary Breast Cancer in Young Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Brantley Kristen D. , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Collins Laura C. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Schapira Lidia , Borges Virginia F. , Warner Ellen , Come Steven E. , Zheng Yue , Kirkner Gregory J. , Snow Craig , Winer Eric P. , Partridge Ann H. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceAmong women diagnosed with primary breast cancer (BC) at or younger than age 40 years, prior data suggest that their risk of a second primary BC (SPBC) is higher than that of women who are older when they develop a first primary BC.ObjectiveTo estimate cumulative incidence and characterize risk factors of SPBC among young patients with BC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsParticipants were enrolled in the Young Women’s Breast Cancer Study, a prospective study of 1297 women aged 40 years or younger who were diagnosed with stage 0 to III BC from August 2006 to June 2015. Demographic, genetic testing, treatment, and outcome data were collected by patient surveys and medical record review. A time-to-event analysis was used to account for competing risks when determining cumulative incidence of SPBC, and Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to evaluate associations between clinical factors and SPBC risk. Data were analyzed from January to May 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe 5- and 10- year cumulative incidence of SPBC.ResultsIn all, 685 women with stage 0 to III BC (mean [SD] age at primary BC diagnosis, 36 [4] years) who underwent unilateral mastectomy or lumpectomy as the primary surgery for BC were included in the analysis. Over a median (IQR) follow-up of 10.0 (7.4-12.1) years, 17 patients (2.5%) developed an SPBC; 2 of these patients had cancer in the ipsilateral breast after lumpectomy. The median (IQR) time from primary BC diagnosis to SPBC was 4.2 (3.3-5.6) years. Among 577 women who underwent genetic testing, the 10-year risk of SPBC was 2.2% for women who did not carry a pathogenic variant (12 of 544) and 8.9% for carriers of a pathogenic variant (3 of 33). In multivariate analyses, the risk of SPBC was higher among PV carriers vs noncarriers (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR], 5.27; 95% CI, 1.43-19.43) and women with primary in situ BC vs invasive BC (sHR, 5.61; 95% CI, 1.52-20.70).ConclusionsFindings of this cohort study suggest that young BC survivors without a germline pathogenic variant have a low risk of developing a SPBC in the first 10 years after diagnosis. Findings from germline genetic testing may inform treatment decision-making and follow-up care considerations in this population.
American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Unresectable Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Rodrigues George , Higgins Kristin A. , Rimner Andreas , Amini Arya , Chang Joe Y. , Chun Stephen G. , Donington Jessica , Edelman Martin J. , Gubens Matthew A. , Iyengar Puneeth , Movsas Benjamin , Ning Matthew S. , Park Henry S. , Wolf Andrea , Simone Charles B. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceThe treatment of locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) has been informed by more than 5 decades of clinical trials and other relevant literature. However, controversies remain regarding the application of various radiation and systemic therapies in commonly encountered clinical scenarios.ObjectiveTo develop case-referenced consensus and evidence-based guidelines to inform clinical practice in unresectable LA-NSCLC.Evidence ReviewThe American Radium Society (ARS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) Thoracic Committee guideline is an evidence-based consensus document assessing various clinical scenarios associated with LA-NSCLC. A systematic review of the literature with evidence ratings was conducted to inform the appropriateness of treatment recommendations by the ARS AUC Thoracic Committee for the management of unresectable LA-NSCLC.FindingsTreatment appropriateness of a variety of LA-NSCLC scenarios was assessed by a consensus-based modified Delphi approach using a range of 3 points to 9 points to denote consensus agreement. Committee recommendations were vetted by the ARS AUC Executive Committee and a 2-week public comment period before official approval and adoption. Standard of care management of good prognosis LA-NSCLC consists of combined concurrent radical (60-70 Gy) platinum-based chemoradiation followed by consolidation durvalumab immunotherapy (for patients without progression). Planning and delivery of locally advanced lung cancer radiotherapy usually should be performed using intensity-modulated radiotherapy techniques. A variety of palliative and radical fractionation schedules are available to treat patients with poor performance and/or pulmonary status. The salvage therapy for a local recurrence after successful primary management is complex and likely requires both multidisciplinary input and shared decision-making with the patient.Conclusions and RelevanceEvidence-based guidance on the management of various unresectable LA-NSCLC scenarios is provided by the ARS AUC to optimize multidisciplinary patient care for this challenging patient population.
Active‐Textile Yarns and Embroidery Enabled by Wet‐Spun Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Filaments
Authors: Martinez Antonio Proctor , Ng Alicia , Nah So Hee , Yang Shu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are promising candidates for creating adaptive textile‐based devices that can actively and reversibly respond to the environment for sensing and communication. Despite recent advances in scalable manufacturing of LCE filaments for textile engineering, the actuation modes of various LCE filaments focus on contractual deformations. In this study, manufacture of polydomain LCE filaments with potential scalability by wet‐spinning is studied, followed by mechanical exploitation to program liquid crystal mesogen alignments, demonstrating both contractual and twisting actuation profiles. By plying these LCE filaments into yarns with different twist concentrations, yarn actuation, and mechanical performance is tuned. Yarns plied at 4 twists per cm can generate up to a seven‐fold increase in elastic modulus while maintaining 90% of actuation strain performance from their native filament. The contractual and twisting LCE filaments are then embroidered with varying stitch types to spatially program complex 2D‐to‐3D transformations in “inactive” fabrics. It is shown that a running stitch can actuate up to 15% in strain and create angular displacements in fabric with twisted mesogen alignments. It is envisioned that the wet‐spun polydomain LCE filaments for diverse plied yarn production together with textile engineering will open new opportunities to design smart textiles and soft robotics.
High Quality Fe1+yTe Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition with Conspicuous Vortex Flow
Authors: Lv Lu , Hu Lihong , Dong Weikang , Duan Jingyi , Wang Ping , Li Peiling , Qu Fanming , Lu Li , Ye Zimeng , Zhao Junhao , Li Jiafang , Deng Fang , Liu Guangtong , Zhou Jiadong , Gao Yanfeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract2D materials provide an ideal platform to explore novel superconducting behavior including Ising superconductivity, topological superconductivity and Majorana bound states in different 2D stoichiometric Ta‐, Nb‐, and Fe‐based crystals. However, tuning the element content in 2D compounds for regulating their superconductivity has not been realized. In this work, the synthesis of high quality Fe1+yTe with tunable Fe content by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is reported. The quality and composition of Fe1+yTe are characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The superconducting behavior of Fe1+yTe crystals with varying Fe contents is observed. The superconducting transition of selected Fe1.13±0.06Te sample is sharp (ΔTc = 1 K), while Fe1.43±0.07Te with a high‐Fe content shows a relative broad superconducting transition (ΔTc = 2.6 K) at zero magnetic field. Significantly, the conspicuous vortex flow and a transition from a 3D vortex liquid state to a 2D vortex liquid state is observed in Fe1.43±0.07Te sample. This work highlights the tunability of the superconducting properties of Fe1+yTe and sheds light on the vortex dynamics in Fe‐based superconductors, which facilitates them to understand the intrinsic mechanisms of high‐temperature superconductivity.
A Robust Hydrogel Electrolyte with Ultrahigh Ion Transference Number Derived from Zincophilic “Chain‐Gear” Network Structure for Dendrite‐Free Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Sun Miao , Ji Guochen , Li Meizhi , Zheng Junping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a promising energy storage device, an aqueous zinc ion battery (AZIB) still suffers dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion. Hydrogel electrolyte solves the above issues to some extent. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of most hydrogel electrolytes are not competitive enough to meet booming demand for flexible electronics. In this work, a robust “chain‐gear” hydrogel electrolyte (PM‐HE) crosslinked by polymeric micelles (PMs) is constructed, in which PMs serve as “gears” and form “chain‐gear” structure with polyanion chains. Specifically, “gears” support molecular chains, constructing hierarchically porous structures and opening up paths for Zn2+. Apart from as crosslinkers, PMs exist competitive mechanism with polyanion chains to promote ion decoupling. Such a “chain‐gear” structure can realize desolvation and accelerate ion transport. Thereby, PM‐HE possesses excellent ionic conductivity (60.6 mS cm−1) and ultrahigh transference number (0.88). Symmetrical cells can realize stable cycling over 1500 h with Zn uniform deposition. Remarkably, PM‐HE has excellent tensile (0.23 MPa) and compressive (11.3 MPa) properties profited from strengthening and toughening effect of PMs. The flexible battery can supply power stably under harsh conditions. This work proposes the strategy of constructing an all‐around hydrogel electrolyte based on reasonable design in network structure, providing more possibilities for the practical application of flexible AZIB.
Inspiration of Bimetallic Peroxide for Controllable Electrooxidizing Ethylene Glycol Through Modulating Surficial Intermediates
Authors: Lin Yan , Chen Yao , Ren Hao , Sun Yuanyuan , Chen Jinhui , Wu Mingbo , Li Zhongtao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiomass feedstock ethylene glycol (EG) can be anodically oxidized to the high‐value glycolic acid (GA), which is widely considered as one critical raw material of biodegradable plastics. Developing low‐cost electrocatalyst to economically produce GA with high selectivity still meeting challenges. Herein, a non‐precious Co‐Ni bimetal catalysts are developed for controllable electrooxidizing EG to GA (EGOR). Through regulating the generation of key intermediate (CH2OH‐CO*) on the low‐cost catalyst surface, a successive electrooxidation from EG to GA has been achieved with high selective (96.3%) and conversion rate (>85%) at current density of 150 mA cm−2, which is on par with the reported precious metal catalysts. Through coupling with hydrogen evolution reaction (EGOR‐HER), 2.759 mmol H2 and 7.48 mmol of GA are generated at 80 mA cm−2, which also can save 27% energy comparing with a water splitting system. The synergistic effect between Co and Ni in the bimetallic catalyst has been exploited: high‐valent CoOOH sites catalyzed the generation of CH2OH‐CO* and reduce the energy barrier during GA formation; Whereas, Ni sites can effectively facilitate the formation of CoOOH and improve the adsorption of EG.
Benzenehexol‐Based 2D Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks with Kagome Lattice Exhibiting a Metallic State
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , St. Petkov Petko , Zhang Jianjun , Liang Baokun , Revuelta Sergio , Xiao Ke , Tiwari Kajal , Guo Quanquan , Li Zichao , Zhang Jichao , Qi Haoyuan , Zhou Shengqiang , Kaiser Ute , Heine Thomas , Cánovas Enrique , Parkin Stuart S. P. , Feng Xinliang , Dong Renhao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract2D conjugated metal–organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) are emerging as unique electroactive materials for electronics and spintronics. The structural design and discovery of Kagome‐type 2D c‐MOFs exhibiting a metallic state are of paramount significance, yet remain rarely explored. Here, the solution synthesis of benzenehexol‐based 2D c‐MOFs based is presented on the tetrahydroxy‐1,4‐quinone (THQ) ligand. This study shows that controlling the pH of the reaction system to ≈7.5 yields an energetically favorable nonporous Cu3(C6O6) with a Kagome lattice, while at a pH of ≈10, the known porous Cu3(C6O6)2 with a honeycomb lattice is obtained. The crystal structures of both Cu3(C6O6)2 and Cu3(C6O6) are resolved with near‐atomic precision (resolution, 1.8 Å) using an imaging technique. Unlike the p‐type semiconducting behavior of Cu3(C6O6)2, theoretical studies identify Cu3(C6O6) as a metal due to its unique structural topology. The metallic state of Cu3(C6O6) is experimentally validated by terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy (THz‐TDS), which shows an increase in conductivity upon cooling. Scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy (s‐SNOM) measurements further support these findings by revealing an increase in normalized reflectivity with decreasing temperature. This work provides a new avenue for tailoring the structural topology of 2D c‐MOFs to attain the Kagome lattice and metallic state.
Two‐Step Perovskite Solar Cells with > 25% Efficiency: Unveiling the Hidden Bottom Surface of Perovskite Layer
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Taomiao , Sun Yonggui , Liang Xiao , Yang Guo , Li Qiannan , Li Yongjun , Zhou Xianfang , Zhu Quanyao , Ng Annie , Lin Haoran , Yuan Mingjian , Shi Yumeng , Wu Tom , Hu Hanlin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile significant efforts in surface engineering have been devoted to the conversion process of lead iodide (PbI2) into perovskite and top surface engineering of perovskite layer with remarkable progress, the exploration of residual PbI2 clusters and the hidden bottom surface on perovskite layer have been limited. In this work, a new strategy involving 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate (BMIMAc) ionic liquid (IL) additives is developed and it is found that both the cations and the anions in ILs can interact with the perovskite components, thereby regulating the crystallization process and diminishing the residue PbI2 clusters as well as filling vacancies. The introduction of BMIMAc ILs induces the formation of a uniform porous PbI2 film, facilitating better penetration of the second‐step organic salt and fostering a more extensive interaction between PbI2 and the organic salt. Surprisingly, the oversized residual PbI2 clusters at the bottom surface of the perovskite layer completely diminish. In addition, advanced depth analysis techniques including depth‐resolved grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and bottom thinning technology are employed for a comprehensive understanding of the reduction in residual PbI2. Leveraging effective PbI2 management and regulation of the perovskite crystallization process, the champion devices achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.06% with long‐term stability.