bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of buffy coat smears for circulating mast cells in healthy cats and ill cats without mast cell tumor–related disease
Authors: Garrett Laura D. , Craig Carol L. , Szladovits Balazs , Chun Ruthanne 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Objective—To examine buffy coat smears for circulating mast cells in clinically normal cats and cats with illnesses unrelated to mast cell tumors and identify whether conditions other than mast cell tumors are associated with mastocytemia in cats.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—40 clinically normal cats and 40 cats with diseases unrelated to mast cell tumors (all cats were client owned).
Procedures—A blood sample for a CBC, serum biochemical analyses, and buffy coat evaluation was obtained from each cat. Ill cats underwent other testing on the basis of their disease process.
Results—No mast cells were detected in any sample. Eosinophilia was evident in 11 (27.5%) and 12 (30%) clinically normal and ill cats, respectively. Basophilia was identified in 4 (10%) and 8 (20%) clinically normal and ill cats, respectively. Eight of the 40 (20%) ill cats had neutrophilia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Circulating mast cells were not identified in clinically normal cats or ill cats without mast cell tumor–related disease. Ill cats did have conditions that caused eosinophilia, basophilia, or neutrophilia. The absence of mast cells in buffy coats obtained from clinically normal and ill cats lends support to the current practice of buffy coat evaluation for tumor staging and follow-up examinations in cats with mast cell tumors. Further studies of buffy coat analysis in cats with different forms of mast cell tumors are indicated to specifically elucidate the test's prognostic value for those patients.
Use of a titanium mesh for cranioplasty following radical rostrotentorial craniectomy to remove an ossifying fibroma in a dog
Authors: Bordelon Jude T. , Rochat Mark C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Case Description—A 6-year-old Australian Terrier was evaluated for surgical removal of an ossifying fibroma of the left calvarium of 7 months' duration.
Clinical Findings—Computed tomography revealed invasion of the mass through the left parietal bone and extension into the epidural space of the brain.
Treatment and Outcome—A left rostrotentorial and frontal bone craniectomy was performed, and the mass was removed, along with a 1-cm margin of grossly normal bone. Cranioplasty was performed with a combination of porcine submucosa, titanium mesh, and screws. The dog recovered from surgery without complications and was discharged 3 days later. The dog was followed up for 24 months after surgery and has remained clinically normal.
Clinical Relevance—Findings suggested that rostrotentorial craniectomy is a viable option for removal of benign tumors affecting the parietal bones in dogs. Reconstruction of the resulting defect in the calvarium is possible with a combination of porcine submucosa and rigid titanium mesh.
Interrupted Time Series Analysis of Bar/Tavern Closing Hours and Violent Crime
Authors: Rosen Erika M. , Trangenstein Pamela J. , Fullem Patrick L. , Yeh Jih-Cheng , Jernigan David H. , Xuan Ziming 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceIt is well established that alcohol outlets (ie, places that sell alcohol) attract crime, particularly during late-night hours.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of Maryland Senate Bill 571 (SB571), which reduced the hours of sale for bars/taverns in 1 Baltimore neighborhood from 6 am to 2 am to 9 am to 10 pm, with violent crime within that neighborhood.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis controlled interrupted time series analysis compared the change in violent crime density within an 800-ft buffer around bars/taverns in the treatment neighborhood (ie, subject to SB571) and 3 control areas with a similar mean baseline crime rate, alcohol outlet density, and neighborhood disadvantage score in the City of Baltimore between May 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. The interrupted time series using Poisson regression with overdispersion adjustment tested whether the violent crime density differed before vs after the policy change in the treatment neighborhood and whether this difference was localized to the treatment neighborhood.ExposureStatutory reduction of bar/tavern selling hours from 20 to 13 hours per day in the treatment neighborhood.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was all violent crime, including homicide, robbery, aggravated and common assault, and forcible rape. Secondary outcomes were homicides and assaults. All violent crime measures summed the monthly incidents within 800 ft of bars/taverns from 8 pm to 4 am. For each outcome, a level change estimated the immediate change (first month after implementation), and a slope change estimated the sustained change after implementation (percent reduction after the first month). These level and slope changes were then compared between the treatment and control neighborhoods.ResultsThe treatment neighborhood included 13 bars/taverns (mean [SD] population, 528.3 [291.6] residents), and the control neighborhoods included 52 bars/taverns (mean [SD] population per census block, 809.0 [416.0] residents). There was a 14% immediate level decrease in density of all violent crimes the month after implementation of SB571; further, compared with the control neighborhoods, the slope of all violent crime density decreased by 29% per year in the treatment neighborhood after SB571 implementation (annualized incidence rate ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52-0.97; P = .03). Similar results were seen for homicides and assaults. Several sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of these results.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study’s findings suggest that alcohol policies that reduce hours of sale could be associated with a reduction in violent crimes. Given these findings, SB571 may serve as a model for other cities looking to create safer neighborhoods.
Use of Recommended Neurodiagnostic Evaluation Among Patients With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Spotnitz Matthew , Ekanayake Cameron D. , Ostropolets Anna , McKhann Guy M. , Choi Hyunmi , Ottman Ruth , Neugut Alfred I. , Hripcsak George , Natarajan Karthik , Youngerman Brett E. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceInterdisciplinary practice parameters recommend that patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) undergo comprehensive neurodiagnostic evaluation, including presurgical assessment. Reporting from specialized centers suggests long delays to referral and underuse of surgery; however, longitudinal data are limited to characterize neurodiagnostic evaluation among patients with DRE in more diverse US settings and populations.ObjectiveTo examine the rate and factors associated with neurodiagnostic studies and comprehensive evaluation among patients with DRE within 3 US cohorts.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model including US multistate Medicaid data, commercial claims data, and Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) electronic health record data. Patients meeting a validated computable phenotype algorithm for DRE between January 1, 2015, and April 1, 2020, were included. No eligible participants were excluded.ExposureDemographic and clinical variables were queried.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe proportion of patients receiving a composite proxy for comprehensive neurodiagnostic evaluation, including (1) magnetic resonance or other advanced brain imaging, (2) video electroencephalography, and (3) neuropsychological evaluation within 2 years of meeting the inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of 33 542 patients with DRE were included in the Medicaid cohort, 22 496 in the commercial insurance cohort, and 2741 in the CUMC database. A total of 31 516 patients (53.6%) were women. The proportion of patients meeting the comprehensive evaluation main outcome in the Medicaid cohort was 4.5% (n = 1520); in the commercial insurance cohort, 8.0% (n = 1796); and in the CUMC cohort, 14.3% (n = 393). Video electroencephalography (24.9% Medicaid, 28.4% commercial, 63.2% CUMC) and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (35.6% Medicaid, 43.4% commercial, 52.6% CUMC) were performed more regularly than neuropsychological evaluation (13.0% Medicaid, 16.6% commercial, 19.2% CUMC) or advanced imaging (3.2% Medicaid, 5.4% commercial, 13.1% CUMC). Factors independently associated with greater odds of evaluation across all 3 data sets included the number of inpatient and outpatient nonemergency epilepsy visits and focal rather than generalized epilepsy.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest there is a gap in the use of diagnostic studies to evaluate patients with DRE. Care setting, insurance type, frequency of nonemergency visits, and epilepsy type are all associated with evaluation. A common data model can be used to measure adherence with best practices across a variety of observational data sources.
Progress in Pharmacologic Management of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Cummings Jeffrey , Lanctot Krista , Grossberg George , Ballard Clive 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceNeuropsychiatric syndromes (NPSs) are common in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs); compromise the quality of life of patients and their care partners; and are associated with faster disease progression, earlier need for nursing home care, and poorer quality of life. Advances in translational pharmacology, clinical trial design and conduct, and understanding of the pathobiology of NDDs are bringing new therapies to clinical care.ObservationsConsensus definitions have evolved for psychosis, agitation, apathy, depression, and disinhibition in NDDs. Psychosocial interventions may reduce mild behavioral symptoms in patients with NDD, and pharmacotherapy is available for NPSs in NDDs. Brexpiprazole is approved for treatment of agitation associated with Alzheimer disease dementia, and pimavanserin is approved for treatment of delusions and hallucinations associated with psychosis of Parkinson disease. Trials are being conducted across several of the NDDs, and a variety of mechanisms of action are being assessed for their effect on NPSs.Conclusions and RelevanceDetection and characterization of NPSs in patients with NDDs is the foundation for excellent care. New definitions for NPSs in NDDs may inform choices regarding clinical trial populations and translate into clinical practice. Psychosocial and pharmacologic therapies may reduce behavioral symptoms and improve quality of life for patients and caregivers. Approved agents may establish regulatory precedents, demonstrate successful trial strategies, and provide the foundation for further advances in treatment development.
Synthesis of Inorganic Solids Using the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) Route
Authors: Rain Mahmudul Islam , Zaikina Julia V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The search for sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches to material synthesis has fueled significant interest in using alternative reaction media, such as ionic liquids. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a promising alternative to ionic liquids due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and versatile physicochemical properties. This article provides a “close‐up” examination of the synthesis of inorganic materials using type III DES as a reaction medium. The type III DES is an eutectic mixture of choline chloride [(CH
3
)
3
NCH
2
CH
2
OH]
+
Cl
−
and an organic compound, where H‐bonding and ionic interactions lead to the considerable depression of the DESs melting points, making them liquid at around room temperature. The article introduces the fundamental concepts of DESs, including DES types, typical DES components, and resulting solvent properties, emphasizing their distinctive ability to dissolve inorganic precursors, metal coordination environments in DES, and variation in thermal stability. Here, we focus on key synthesis strategies via combustion and precipitation routes, the latter includes solution, solvothermal, and microwave‐assisted synthesis or antisolvent addition techniques. The versatility and solvation properties of DES offer exceptional opportunities for the design and fabrication of diverse compounds, ranging from metal nanoparticles to bulk materials with examples among oxide perovskites, spinels, vanadates, and sulfides. Furthermore, the article explores the specific advantages of DES route in facilitating the synthesis of these materials, such as enhanced precursor solubility, control over morphology, growth, and particle size. The aim of this article is to provide researchers with an understanding of the synthesis of inorganic materials using DESs and stimulate further exploration of novel routes toward materials synthesis in a sustainable manner as well as elucidation of reaction mechanism in DES synthesis routes.
[MoCu]‐Dependent Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenases
Authors: Gillett David L , Grinter Rhys , Greening Chris 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

[MoCu]‐dependent carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (Mo‐CODH) catalyze the hydroxylation of CO, which produces CO
2
and consumes H
2
O in the process. Aerobic carbon monoxide oxidizing bacteria and archaea use Mo‐CODH to generate energy by providing the respiratory chain with CO‐derived electrons, and aerobic CO‐oxidizers that possess the genes for CO
2
fixation can also use CO as a carbon source. Due to the pervasive nature of CO in the atmosphere as a trace gas, and the numerous marine and terrestrial environments enriched in CO due to its production during the decomposition of organic matter, aerobic CO‐oxidizers are widespread and significantly contribute to the biogeochemical cycle of CO. Mo‐CODH has been structurally characterized by both X‐ray crystallography and cryo‐EM. Structural and biochemical characterization of the purified Mo‐CODH enzyme has focused on bacteria that mediate carboxydotrophic growth such as
Afipia carboxidovorans
, which were isolated from environments with elevated concentrations of CO. Only recently has a Mo‐CODH enzyme capable of oxidizing CO to subatmospheric levels been isolated and characterized, from
Mycobacterium smegmatis,
providing the first insights into structural features that enable high‐affinity CO oxidation. In all aerobic CO oxidizers, CO oxidation occurs at a unique [MoSCu] dimetallic site within the active site of Mo‐CODH, through a mechanism that has been the subject of several computational and biochemical studies. Two [2Fe–2S] clusters facilitate the transport of electrons from the active site to a FAD cofactor, which then donates electrons to an electron carrier. Quinones are believed to be the primary physiological electron acceptor of Mo‐CODH, which can be transported from the cell membrane through the cytoplasm to the soluble Mo‐CODH complex by the CoxG shuttle protein.
Cyanobacterial Zur: Zinc‐Sensing Transcriptional Regulators
Authors: Mikhaylina Alevtina , Scanlan David J , Blindauer Claudia A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Zur (zinc uptake regulator) proteins are the most widespread bacterial zinc‐sensing transcriptional regulators, being encoded in the majority of sequenced bacterial genomes. They work predominantly as transcriptional repressors of zinc uptake genes when zinc in a bacterium's environment is abundant. Zinc scarcity in turn leads to de‐repression of these genes, which leads to increased zinc uptake. More recently, several Zur proteins have also been shown to work as activators of transcription, but the mechanism(s) for this type of regulation are not fully understood.

Several 3D structures of Zur proteins are available, including those from the actinobacterium
Streptomyces coelicolor,
pathogenic
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and
Xanthomonas campestris
, and the marine cyanobacterium
Synechococcus
sp. WH8102. The SynZur protein from the latter photosynthetic organism is the focus of this entry. In contrast to many other bacteria which harbor at least two zinc‐sensing regulators, SynZur is the sole zinc‐sensing transcription factor in this cyanobacterium. Like many other Zur proteins, it regulates the transcription of the
znuABC
genes, which encode ABC‐type zinc uptake systems located at the inner membrane. Uniquely, however, SynZur also activates transcription of a bacterial metallothionein (
bmtA
). The latter small cysteine‐rich proteins have a high capacity to bind up to four zinc ions and are normally regulated by repressors of the SmtB family, in response to zinc excess. The ability to upregulate production of a zinc storage protein upon encountering ‘luxury’ zinc appears to enable
Synechococcus
sp. WH8102 and related oligotrophic strains to populate ecological niches that are poor in inorganic nutrients but may experience episodic rises in zinc levels.
Evaluating mFARS in pediatric Friedreich's ataxia: Insights from the FACHILD study
Authors: Rummey Christian , Perlman Susan , Subramony Sub. H. , Farmer Jennifer , Lynch David R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesFriedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the FXN gene, leading to progressive coordination loss and other symptoms. The recently approved omaveloxolone targets this condition but is limited to patients over 16 years of age, highlighting the need for pediatric treatments due to the disorder's early onset and more rapid progression in children. This population also experiences increased non‐neurological complications; the FACHILD study aimed to augment and expand the knowledge about the natural history of the disease and clinical outcome assessments for trials in children in FRDA.MethodsThe study enrolled 108 individuals aged 7–18 years with a confirmed FRDA diagnosis, with visits occurring from October 2017 to November 2022 across three institutions. Several measures were introduced to minimize the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, including virtual visits. Outcome measures centered on the mFARS score and its subscores, and data were analyzed using mixed models for repeated measures. For context and to avoid misinterpretation, the analysis was augmented with data from patients enrolled in the Friedreich's Ataxia Clinical Outcome Measures Study.ResultsResults confirmed the general usefulness of the mFARS score in children, but also highlighted issues, particularly with the upper limb subscore (FARS B). Increased variability, limited homogeneity across study subgroups, and potential training effects might limit mFARS application in clinical trials in pediatric populations.InterpretationThe FARS E (Upright Stability) score might be a preferred outcome measure in this patient population.
Investigating the Bidirectional Association of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Thyroid Function: A Methodologic Assessment of Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Tan Yuxuan , Yao Huojie , Lin Chuhang , Lai Zhengtian , Li Haiying , Zhang Jing , Fu Yingyin , Wu Xiaomei , Yang Guang , Feng Liping , Jing Chunxia 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) and thyroid dysfunction are frequently observed in the same patient. However, whether they co‐occur or exhibit a causal relationship remains uncertain. We aimed to systematically investigate the causal relationship between RA and thyroid function using a large sample and advanced methods.MethodsBidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed based on RA and six thyroid function trait data sets from the European population. The robustness of the results was demonstrated using multiple MR methods and a series of sensitivity analyses. Multivariable MR using Bayesian model averaging (MR‐BMA) was performed to adjust for possible competing risk factors. A sensitivity data set, which included data from patients with seropositive RA and controls, was used to repeat the analyses. Furthermore, enrichment analysis was employed to discover the underlying mechanism between RA and thyroid functions.ResultsA significantly positive causal effect was identified for RA on autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) as well as for AITD on RA (P < 0.001). Further sensitivity analyses showed consistent causal estimates from a variety of MR methods. After removing the outliers, MR‐BMA results showed that RA and AITD were independent risk factors in their bidirectional causality, even in the presence of other competing risk factors (adjusted P < 0.05). Enrichment analysis showed immune cell activation and immune response play crucial roles in them.ConclusionOur results illustrate the significant bidirectional causal effect of RA and AITD, which holds even in multiple competing risk factors. Clinical screening for thyroid dysfunction in patients with RA deserves further attention, and vice versa.
Higher Dietary Inflammatory Index and Increased Mortality Rate of Adults With Hyperuricemia: Findings From the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2001–2018)
Authors: Zhou Mengmeng , Cai Bin , Xiao Qingqing , Zou Hejian , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zhao Jiuliang , Zhu Xiaoxia 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score and death among adults with hyperuricemia.MethodsWe collected data from the 2001 to 2018 cohorts of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Death information was obtained based on death certificate records from the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. The associations between DII score and all‐cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer death were investigated by using Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsWe enrolled 7,786 participants with hyperuricemia in this study. The DII score ranged from −4.42 to 4.61. Higher DII score was significantly associated with higher levels of body mass index, glycohemoglobin, glucose, low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol, and C‐reactive protein (all P < 0.05). During 67,851 person‐years of follow‐up, deaths of 1,456 participants were identified, including 532 CVD deaths and 246 cancer deaths. After adjusting for potential variables, significant higher risk of all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.03–1.36, P = 0.01) and CVD (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03–1.63, P = 0.02) death was observed for individuals with higher DII scores. Considering the DII score as a continuous variable, the risk of all‐cause and CVD death increases 5% (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.08) and 8% (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02–1.15) with each one‐unit increment in DII score, respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated that the association between DII score and all‐cause death among participants with hyperuricemia was more significant in males.ConclusionDII score is found to be positively associated with all‐cause and CVD death of adults with hyperuricemia. Controlling the intake of proinflammatory food might be a potential strategy to reduce the mortality rate.