bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inquiry‐based learning: an instructional alternative for occupational therapy education
Authors: Madill Helen M. , Amort‐Larson Gail , Wilson Sylvia A. , Brintnell Sharon G. , Taylor Elizabeth , Esmail Shaniff 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn inquiry‐based learning (IBL) approach was used as the model of instruction in one of three sections offered annually to large introductory occupational therapy classes in a Canadian university during 1994/5, 1995/6, 1996/7. Students' final grades in this pre‐entry course form part of the grade point average on which admission to the BSc OT programme is based. The IBL model was employed to (1) increase the amount of student‐directed learning, (2) increase the amount of independent problem‐solving, (3) increase student–instructor interaction within the learning situation, and (4) reduce the number of in‐class hours for students. This study is an evaluation of whether students from the IBL sections would subsequently do as well as those from other sections in selected junior professional courses. Students from the three IBL sections (n=47) were peer matched to students who had completed other sections of the introductory course, but were part of the same admission cohort (n=68). Their grades in three junior professional courses were compared at the end of their first year in the BSc OT programme. Results indicated that students from the IBL sections did at least as well as those from other sections where a different instructional approach was used, and those from the IBL sections in 1994/5 and 1996/7 each did significantly better on two of the junior professional courses used as the outcome measure: therapeutic occupation and assessment and evaluation techniques. Students reported that the IBL experience stimulated them to learn more about the field, helped them develop problem‐solving skills in relation to occupational therapy, and enabled them to learn more about career opportunities in occupational therapy. Mature students were more positive about the IBL approach than students in their first year of university. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
How does work work for people with bipolar affective disorder?
Authors: Tse Samson S. , Walsh Anne E. S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDespite modern treatments, bipolar disorder remains a chronic, relapsing disorder that leads to long‐term psychosocial disability. A review of the literature suggests that while employment rates amongst individuals with bipolar disorder may improve over time, and are relatively better compared to some other chronic mental disorders, employment prospects do not match the high scholastic achievements seen amongst this group of people before the onset of their illness. For those with bipolar disorder, clinical recovery does not necessarily mean functional recovery, and the usual early age of onset may further reduce an individual's preparedness for employment. Two brief vignettes are used to discuss how occupational therapists can help their clients maintain their sense of hope in vocational recovery, gain better self‐awareness and work with clients at various stages of recovery rather than waiting for full functional recovery. Further research is required to help identify specific factors that contribute to the success of employment integration amongst people with bipolar disorder. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Reliability and validity of the Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS – short form) and the Adolescent Leisure Interest Profile (ALIP)
Authors: Trottier Angela N. , Brown G. Ted , Hobson Sandra J.G. , Miller William 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS – short form) and the Adolescent Leisure Interest Profile (ALIP). The LSS and the ALIP are instruments that occupational therapists can use to evaluate the leisure activities that clients enjoy. Evaluation of leisure interest and participation will assist in creating goals for therapy to maximize a client's ability to participate in leisure activities. This study examined the test–retest reliability and concurrent validity of the LSS and the ALIP using a sample of 37 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 with no known impairments. The assessments were administered individually or in small groups 7 to 17 days apart. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the internal consistency. Pearson product moment correlations were calculated to examine the test–retest reliability of the 60 subscales and the six question totals of the ALIP, as well as for the 6 subscales and total score of the LSS. Concurrent validity was evaluated between the ‘How often?’ question of the ALIP and the LSS (short form). Based on the study results, the ALIP and the LSS seem to have good test–retest reliability levels when used with adolescents with no known physical or mental impairments. The concurrent validity between the two instruments was not supported, with many of the scores indicating only weak or no association to each of the subscales, suggesting that the assessments differ in some fundamental way. However, the evidence of some relationships between subscales may indicate some areas where the ALIP and the LSS are similar. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Clinical outcomes research from the occupational therapist's perspective
Authors: Bowman Julia , Llewellyn Gwynnyth 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWith increasing costs and scarcity of resources, occupational therapists need to embrace outcomes research to demonstrate the effectiveness of its clinical interventions. To explore clinicians' perspectives on clinical outcomes research a qualitative study was undertaken involving three in‐depth group interviews with 15 occupational therapists from the South Western Sydney Area Health Service. Five broad themes permeated participants' perception: (a) defining the process, (b) factors that impact on participation in clinical outcomes research, (c) organizational influences, (d) the value of clinical outcomes research, and (e) potential partnerships with academics. Three conceptual categories are identified: knowledge and understanding about clinical outcomes research, clinicians' experience conducting or participating in clinical outcomes research and the relevance of clinical outcomes research to occupational therapy clinical practice. Similarity to findings in the international literature on occupational therapists' engagement in clinical research suggests that the findings from this small sample of Australian therapists are robust. The implications of the findings for continuing professional education programmes and clinical supervision are presented. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Practical strategies for working with indigenous people living in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Watts Elizabeth , Carlson Glenys 
Published: March 2006

AbstractInternationally, occupational therapists have recognized the need to provide culturally appropriate services for indigenous people. This study explored experiences, perspectives and practical strategies of occupational therapists working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living in rural and remote areas of Queensland, Australia. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight occupational therapists who had at least 12 months' experience providing services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in health, rehabilitation or education services. Key themes identified in the data focused on strategies for facilitating effective communication with individuals and families, and collaborating with other service providers. The role of Aboriginal Liaison Officers or Indigenous Health Workers was emphasized by participating therapists. Participants identified resources that they perceived as useful in their practice, such as cross‐cultural training and access to indigenous health workers. Other resources suggested for further development included information about learning styles of indigenous people and information about cultural variations between specific Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. The small number of participants limits generalizability of the findings. However, therapists can decide on the relevance of strategies to their own workplaces. Suggestions for further research focused on improving occupational therapy services for indigenous people in Australia. These include an investigation of therapy goals with indigenous people, and interviews with indigenous Australians and indigenous health workers about their experiences and perceptions of occupational therapy. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A survey of paediatric occupational therapists in the United Kingdom
Authors: Howard Lynne 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the work of paediatric occupational therapists in the UK, and to compare the results with similar surveys carried out in the US, Australia and Canada. A postal questionnaire survey was sent to 212 members of the National Association of Paediatric Occupational Therapists. Questions were asked about a wide range of issues pertinent to paediatric practice. The results showed that data collected in the UK are similar to those from the three other countries – for example, in the unique areas of work, such as assessment for adaptive equipment, training in activities of daily living and fine motor skills training, and that there is also some overlap with other disciplines. The study had some limitations in terms of respondents accessed and scope of questions asked. It highlighted a number of areas for further research, one being to identify what undergraduate teaching needs to be made available to students who want to work with children. Several conclusions are drawn, principally that children's occupational therapists tend to remain in the specialization for several years and make good use of postgraduate courses to enhance their practice. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Identifying occupational therapists' referral priorities in community health
Authors: Harries Priscilla , Gilhooly Ken 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOccupational therapists in British community mental health teams have been debating how the most effective services can be targeted at the most needy clients. This paper presents the results of a quantitative study that examined 40 British occupational therapists' referral prioritization policies. Results showed half of the participants felt their generic responsibilities, which involved having care coordination responsibilities, were too large. Only 25% of participants co‐ordinated care for clients whose needs were related to occupational dysfunction. Judgement analysis, that involved regressing the 40 individuals' prioritization decisions onto the 90 respective referral scenarios, was used to statistically model how referral information had been weighted. Group agreement of prioritization was moderate with the reason for referral, history of violence and diagnosis being given the most weighting. Consistency in policy application, as measured by examining prioritization decisions on identical referrals, showed wide variability. Further research is required to identify the optimal and most stable policies within this group. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Rest: a qualitative exploration of the phenomenon
Authors: Nurit Weinblatt , Michal Avrech‐Bar 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe founders of occupational therapy perceived rest as one of the performance areas of the profession. They believed that an optimal balance between work, play and rest was crucial in obtaining maximal function and health. However, few occupational therapy theorists or researchers have explored the phenomenon. The authors explored the phenomenon of rest as reported in the literature and through a qualitative study. The results of the literature review showed that rest is differentiated from sleep; rest is equated with interrupting physical and mental activity resulting in a relaxed state. Rest can be achieved by listening to music, hypnosis, reading, walking and sitting quietly. In this exploratory study, seven individuals working at Tel Aviv University were interviewed regarding their definitions of rest. The results indicated that rest was defined as an activity that was personal, quiet and effortless, experienced alone or with friends, and helped in doing daily activities. It is concluded that there is a need for occupational therapists to explore further the phenomenon of rest as it relates to occupational performance, ergonomics and health maintenance. Examining the concept of rest is a challenge that involves returning to the theoretical origins of the profession. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Concepts in occupational therapy in relation to the ICF
Authors: Haglund Lena , Henriksson Chris 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOccupational therapists need an acceptable terminology to describe a client's clinical performance. The language or terminology must be in harmony with common language in the health care system but also reflect occupational therapists' professional responsibility. The aim of this paper is to help clarify similarities and differences between concepts in occupational therapy and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Two studies were completed in which items in the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH‐2) were compared with concepts from the Swedish version of the assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and the Assessment of Communication and Interaction Skills (ACIS‐S). An expert panel of occupational therapists served as raters and 33 clients with learning disabilities and mental health problems were assessed. The result showed that 12 (60%) of the skills items from the ACIS‐S were found to be equivalent to items in then ICIDH‐2. In total, 41% (n=23) of the items in the AMPS or ACIS‐S have a correlation higher then 0.60 with the ICIDH‐2. The classification can serve as a useful tool for occupational therapists and supports communication between professions, but is not sufficient as a professional language for occupational therapists. Further research is indicated to examine how the ICF can be applied in occupational therapy and its implications on clinical practice. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Changing practice patterns of school‐based occupational therapists in Israel
Authors: Weintraub Naomi , Kovshi Moriah 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFollowing the enactment of the Special Education Law in Israel in 1988, school‐based occupational therapists (OTs) were expected to modify their practice patterns by, providing services within the classroom or other educational settings, increasing collaboration with other team members, and implementing indirect intervention models such as monitoring and consultation. The purpose of this study was to examine the intervention patterns of school‐based OTs in Israel. The study sample included 77 school‐based OTs. The survey was carried out through a questionnaire which included: (1) background information, (2) implementation and perceptions towards intervention models, and (3) team‐work practices of the OTs. The findings indicated that most of the time (76.9%) OTs still implement the ‘direct therapy’ model, working outside the classroom and focusing on improving performance components. These findings imply that school‐based OTs in Israel are still in the process of changing their practice patterns, and are mostly applying the medical model. However, due to the relatively small sample, it is important to repeat this survey using a larger sample of OTs who work in different settings and with various age groups. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The influence of virtual reality on playfulness in children with cerebral palsy: a pilot study
Authors: Reid Denise 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of virtual play intervention on the level of playfulness of children with cerebral palsy. Thirteen children aged 8–13 years comprised the study group. Children attended eight one‐hour virtual reality play sessions in which they were immersed and interacted with virtual reality. The Test of Playfulness (TOP) was used as the measure to assess playfulness. Participants were videotaped while they played during 12 different environments over the course of their intervention time. Three randomly selected virtual reality play sessions were chosen to score three different virtual reality environments within each session yielding a total of nine trials (environments) for each participant. The types of virtual environments varied across participants. Overall, the different virtual reality play environments produced varying levels of playfulness according to the TOP's four different subscale scores. Motivation ranged from 1.50 to 2.25, internal control ranged from 1.00 to 1.88, suspension of reality ranged from 0 to 0.26, and framing ranged from 1.33 to 1.78. The three environments producing the highest playfulness ratings were called Paint, Trip and Island Sounds. These environments allowed creativity, persistence with the task, pleasure, and a certain degree of control. Two environments did not appear to foster playfulness. A possible reason was that these environments were too unpredictable and frustrating for participants. These results will be useful for creating new virtual reality software applications that will encourage playfulness in children with disabilities. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The effects of guided imagery relaxation in people with COPD
Authors: Louie Stephanie Wai‐Shan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the effects of guided imagery relaxation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a randomized controlled design. Half of 26 participants were allocated to the treatment group in which six practice sessions on guided imagery were conducted, while the control group was instructed to take rest quietly during the six sessions. At the seventh session, physiological changes: partial percentage of oxygen saturation; heart rate; upper thoracic surface electromyography; skin conductance; and peripheral skin temperature were recorded during a 30‐minute session with a sampling frequency of one minute. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to explore the changes of the parameters between the groups. Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare the change of perceived dyspnoea between the groups. Results showed there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in partial percentage of oxygen saturation in the treatment group, but no significant effects on the other physiological parameters. Further study exploring the psychological effects of guided imagery is suggested. Copyright © 2004 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Attitudes and practices of pediatric oncology providers regarding fertility issues
Authors: Goodwin Tress , Elizabeth Oosterhuis B. , Kiernan Michaela , Hudson Melissa M. , Dahl Gary V. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurposeGiven the higher survival rates of childhood cancer, health care providers must be aware of the side effects of cancer therapies to educate patients and provide appropriate interventions to reduce cancer‐related morbidity. To understand the current practices and attitudes in a pediatric hematology/oncology clinic, health care providers were surveyed regarding fertility issues pertinent to their patient care.Participants and InstrumentsIn this study, 93.8% (30/32) health care providers in one pediatric hematology/oncology department completed a 44‐item survey assessing knowledge, current practices, obstacles to current practices, perceptions of patient differences, and improvements to future practice.ResultsThe majority of health care providers were aware of the adverse effects of alkylating agents (90.7%) and of abdominal and pelvic radiation (100.0%) on fertility. However, only half were aware of gender differences in gonadotoxicity (50.0%) or knowledgeable of current research and technology in fertility preservation (53.3%). While only 34.6% of providers currently consulted with specialists, nearly all (92.8%) indicated a desire to do so in the future, but 64.3% indicated difficulties in finding proper facilities and specialists for their patients. Almost all (96.6%) agreed that providers and patient families need more information regarding the effects of cancer therapy on fertility.ConclusionsSurveyed pediatric oncology providers considered fertility to be an important issue for childhood cancer patients and desired more resources regarding effects on fertility and fertility preservation. Greater communication needs to be established between pediatric oncology providers and specialists in reproductive medicine and endocrinology to ensure adequate professional collaboration and patient referrals. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:80–85. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety assessment of intensive induction with vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) in the treatment of Ewing tumors in the EURO‐E.W.I.N.G. 99 clinical trial
Authors: Juergens Christine , Weston Claire , Lewis Ian , Whelan Jeremy , Paulussen Michael , Oberlin Odile , Michon Jean , Zoubek Andreas , Juergens Herbert , Craft Alan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe EUROpean Ewing tumour Working Initiative of National Groups 1999 (EURO‐E.W.I.N.G. 99) protocol prescribes six courses of vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) as intensive induction chemotherapy for Ewing tumors (ET). Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is recommended. Adverse reactions (AR) were evaluated; quality assurance of data collection reviewed.ProcedureSafety data from 4,746 courses of VIDE in 851 patients less than 50 years with ET were collected using a checklist and evaluated using descriptive statistics with sub‐groups including gender, age, and tumor volume, analyzed by Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests.ResultsMyelosuppression and infections were the major AR but with appropriate supportive therapy targeted dose intensity was maintained. Five VIDE‐related deaths with three due to sepsis were reported. Renal and cardiac toxicity were reflected by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <39 ml/min/1.73m2 in 0.1%, tubular phosphate reabsorption ≤0.80 in 1.9%, and left ventricular shortening fracture <28% in 2.5% VIDE courses. Statistically significant gender‐associated AR concerning hemoglobin and platelets were observed with females > males as were age‐associated AR concerning hemoglobin, WBC, platelets, stomatitis, and vomiting with AR decreasing with age, that is, children > adolescents > adults. No association of AR to tumor volume was found. In VIDE courses with and without G‐CSF, neutropenia‐related fever in 60.8% and 65.8%, and infection in 54.7% and 61.0% courses, respectively, were recorded.ConclusionsAR under VIDE remained within the expected range. Some AR, for example, hematotoxicity were significantly influenced by age and gender but not by tumor volume. G‐CSF did not significantly influence neutropenia‐related fever and infection. Solicited safety collection with checklists adequately reflects the burden per course. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.