bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTEIN AND ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS IN EARLY INFANCY1Studies with a Soy‐Isolate Formula
Authors: FOMON SAMUEL J. , THOMAS LORA N. , FILER L. J. , ANDERSON THOMAS A. , BERGMANN KARL E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThirteen normal female infants were observed from 8 through 111 days of age while receiving a diet providing 1.62 g of protein per 100 kcal, almost entirely from soy‐isolate. Clinical observations, growth rates and serum concentrations of albumin were similar to those of female infants fed milk‐based formulas providing greater intakes of protein. On the basis of these findings, it is assumed that the requirements for protein and essential amino acids of these infants were no greater than the amounts consumed. Reasons for preferring to express requirements for proteins and amino acids per unit of calorie intake rather than per unit of body weight are presented.The preliminary estimates of requirements presented here are believed applicable when the diet is adequate in total calories and non‐nitrogenous essential nutrients, nitrogen is provided primarily in the form of whole proteins, and protein intakes do not greatly exceed the requirement. For reasons discussed, the approach is likely to yield estimates of requirements for some amino acids that are substantially greater than the true requirements. Nevertheless, our estimates of requirements for isoleucine and methionine are distinctly less than those reported by Holt & Snyderman. We conclude that the estimates of Holt & Snyderman from studies of infants fed mixtures of amino acids are less relevant than our estimates to circumstances in which whole proteins are fed in amounts that do not greatly exceed the requirement for protein.
ANAL TONOMETRY A Diagnostic Help in Hirschsprung's Disease1
Authors: VERDER HENRIK , JOHANSEN KIRSTEN STÆHR , ENGBÆK KRÆSTEN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryManometrical measurements of reflex responses in the internal anal sphincter were made in 93 patients. In normal controls, a relaxation was obtained within the internal sphincter after distension of the rectum. Patients suffering from Hirschsprung's disease showed either a contraction in the muscle or an absence of sphincteric response. In 17 cases, where the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease was established by conventional means, the diagnosis was confirmed by anal tonometry in 13 cases and disproved by this method in 4 cases. The subsequent clinical course and histological findings have verified the diagnosis obtained by tonometry. In one patient it was not possible to make the diagnosis by means of the usual methods, anal tonometry showed Hirschsprung's disease and this was subsequently confirmed by biopsy.
HUNTERS SYNDROME AND COOLEY'S ANAEMIA IN THE SAME PATIENT Effect of Multiple Transfusions
Authors: BARTSOCAS CHRISTOS S. , PAPASOTIRIOU NIKI , KARAGEORGA MARKESIA , MOSER HUGO W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIt has been reported that plasma and leukocyte infusions have a beneficial effect on patients with Hurler's and Hunter's syndromes. A 5‐year‐old boy with Hunter's syndrome and Coo‐ley's anaemia is presented. This boy received a total of 38 transfusions over a 4‐year period. The usual clinical manifestations of the Hunter's syndrome were fully developed, and were not, in any obvious way, ameliorated by the transfusions.
THREE SIBLINGS WITH ATYPICAL MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS
Authors: ALTAY CIGDEM , SAY BURHAN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThree siblings with mucopolysaccharidoses are presented. They were found to excrete der‐matan sulfate and heparan sulfate, and had specific bony changes without any physical or mental retardation. These features were compared with those of other known cases of mucopolysaccharidoses.
A LONG‐TERM FOLLOW‐UP INVESTIGATION OF PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS—WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: BERGLUND G. , RABO E. 
Published: January 2008

Summary202 of 203 patients medically treated for hyper‐trophic pyloric stenosis at the Children's Hospital in Gothenburg 1922 to 1942 were classified according to the severity of their inanition during their disease. In the 180 registered for military service, height and the intelligence test results were investigated, and 176 of these were recently interviewed.A significant correlation was found between the adult height and the weight loss and duration of the inanition in infancy at a constant birth weight. A numerical but not statistically significant difference could be demonstrated in the intelligence and adaptability tests between the patients with more severe under‐nutrition and those of the same age at the time they entered military service.Another finding was that undernutrition in infancy seemed to be associated with a decreased fertility in men, especially in the siring of girls.
5‐HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN'S SYNDROME
Authors: ANDERSON H. , FÄLLSTRÖM S. P. , LUNDBORG P. , ROOS B.‐E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe present study has demonstrated the existence of a defect in the metabolism of serotonin in CNS in Down's syndrome. The nature of this defect is sofar unknown.
α1‐FETOPROTEIN CONCENTRATION IN CORD SERUM AS A PARAMETER FOR GESTATIONAL AGE
Authors: NØRGAARD‐PEDERSEN B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryQuantitation of human α1‐‐foetoprotein by Laurell immunoelectrophoresis in cord serum from 258 newborn infants with a gestational age between 306 and 210 days showed a close negative correlation with gestational age (r =— 0.89). The correlation between α1‐‐foeto‐protein and birth weight was less pronounced (r=—0.60). No difference in the concentration of al‐foetoprotein was found in Small for Gestational Age (SGA), Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA) and Large for Gestational Age (LGA) infants with the same gestational age. From a given α1‐‐foetoprotein concentration in cord blood the confidence limits for prediction of gestational age is ±16 days. In 149 infants with a gestational age ≤280 days the correlation between al‐foetoprotein and gestational age was even better (r = ‐0.92).
A “G” DELETION SYNDROME ANTI‐MONGOLISM
Authors: RICHMOND H. G. , MACARTHUR P. , HUNTER D. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe clinical features and laboratory findings in patients with deletion of a chromosome from the “G” group are described with details of a new case which reveals hitherto unrecognised features. Special studies using the chromatin banding technique have shown that the patient's tissues have partial or complete deletion of a chromosome 21.
THE RENAL RESPONSE TO AN ORAL SALT AND FLUID LOAD IN CHILDREN WITH COARCTATION OF THE AORTA
Authors: APERIA A. , BERG U. , BROBERGER O. , SÖDERLUND S. , THORÉN C. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe natriuretic effect of an oral salt load has been tested in 6 children before and after resection of coarctation of the aorta. Pre‐ and postoperative determinations of GFR and PAH clearances were also made. Preoperatively the natriuresis following the salt load was depressed, indicating enhanced tubular sodium reabsorption. The GFR was slightly elevated, the PAH clearance was normal and the filtration fraction was elevated. Postoperatively there was an increase in the natriuretic response and a fall in the filtration fraction. There was a significant inverse correlation between the filtration fraction and the urinary excretion of the salt load. The results suggest that coarctation of the aorta is associated with a shift in intrarenal vascular resistance and that this hemodynamic change will, by rise in the oncotic pressure of the peritubular capillaries, result in the enhancement of the tubular sodium reabsorption.
ENCOPRESIS: A Review of Thirty‐two Cases
Authors: OLATAWURA M. O. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThirty‐two children attending a child psychiatric department with encopresis are described. Twenty‐six were discontinuous and only 6 were continuous soilers.As a group they came from low socio‐economic, socially incompetent families and a number of children had evidence of developmental lags or neurological impairment. Coercive toilet training featured very rarely in the case histories.Twenty‐three of the 26 discontinuous soilers had experienced stressful events prior to the onset of the symptom and many came from disrupted families.They were, as a group, anxious children whose associated symptoms fell into the categories of neurotic or developmental disorders rather than of conduct or mixed disorders.
CONGENITAL ERYTHROPOIETIC PORPHYRIA: The Effect of Light Shielding
Authors: ERIKSEN L. , HOFSTAD F. , SEIP M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe effect of various types of measures taken for light shielding against daylight in a recently detected case of CEP, has been followed for more than a year. It has been found that the celluloid film, “Para‐Sol”, which has a good translucency for wavelengths above 550 nm, but is not translucent to wavelengths below 510 nm, not only removes the troublesome skin lesions seen in this disease, but also. brings about an almost complete compensation of the anemia, disappearance of the splenomegaly and marked changes in the blood and urinary porphyrin patterns. In blood the erythrocyte porphyrins change from predominantly proto‐porphyrin with trace amounts of copro‐ and not detectable uroporphyrin, to high amounts of both proto‐, copro‐ and uroporphyrins. The plasma porphyrins remain essentially unchanged. The urinary pattern changes from predominantly free porphyrins to predominantly porphyrinogens.It is suggested that the present case of congenital erythropoietic porphyria represents a new type of CEP, and that the hemolytic anemia with splenomegaly seen in CEP is due not to the inborn error itself, but to its tissue location and photochemical effect of light of wavelengths below 510 nm, when the porphyrin/porphyrinogen‐rich erythrocytes are exposed to daylight in the skin, while the skin lesions have been shown to depend primarily on the presence of an increase in the amounts of porphyrin/porphyrinogen in plasma. Cattle and the species Sciurus niger are mentioned as examples of species in which the light‐shielding effect of the fur has allowed the CEP‐gene to spread.
FAILURE TO THRIVE, IN LEBANON II. An Investigation of the Causes
Authors: KANAWATI ABDALLAH A. , McLAREN DONALD S. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYFrom among more than 1 200 children aged 3–48 months of low socio‐economic families living in rural, suburban and urban Lebanon two contrasting groups were selected according to their Index of Thriving for detailed study at home (53 Thriving and 62 Failing to Thrive). Family, socio‐economic, living conditions, health, and dietary data were obtained. Numerous statistically significant differences were found in all categories of data between the two groups, with poorer status invariably shown by the Failing to Thrive families. The implications of the multi‐factorial nature of the causation of failure to thrive are discussed.
COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF ENZYME ACTIVITIES AND 2,3‐DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE IN THE ERYTHROCYTES OF NEWBORNS WITH TRANSITORY HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA
Authors: PETRICH CH. , GEMPP‐FRIEDRICH W. , GÖBEL U. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe activities of various enzymes in the ery‐throcytes of newborn infants, suffering from transitory hyperbilirubinaemia, have been studied. Phosphoglucose isomerase (p‐value = 92%) and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate de‐hydrogenase (p‐value = 87%) show a decrease in icteric children. These p‐values were regarded as sufficient for furth'er investigations, because bilirubin level is influenced by many different factors. Because of the importance of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase for the intraerythrocyte 2,3‐diphosphoglycer‐ate level, 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate was measured and correlated to serum bilirubin. A steady decline in icteric children is noted (p‐value = 99%).
ADRENAL GLUCOCORTICOID FUNCTION IN ACUTE VIRAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors: ZEITOUN M. M. , HASSAN A. I. , HUSSEIN Z. M. , FAHMY M. S. , RAGAB M. , HUSSEIN M. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system was studied in normal Egyptian children and in groups of children with some common viral infections including measles, chicken pox, mumps and poliomyelitis. Results showed a significant rise in plasma 17‐OHCS levels in all acute viral infections. ACTH and metyrapone tests revealed that the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis was functioning adequately. The value of corticosteroids in the management of acute viral infections is discussed in the light of our clinical and laboratory findings.
INHERITANCE OF CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE IN FEMALES Report of a Female Patient and the Leucocyte Function Studies in the Family
Authors: KOCH CHRISTIAN , SØGAARD HELMER , CHRISTENSEN MOGENS FJORD 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYA case of chronic granulomatous disease in a female child is presented. Onset of symptoms seem to have been somewhat delayed compared with most male patients. The results of in vitro leucocyte function studies on the patient and her parents and siblings are presented together with the results of similar studies on 6 male patients and some of their relatives. In contrast to the male patients, no heterozygote carrier state could be detected among the family members. These results are in agreement with current views on the genetics of chronic granulomatous disease, that the large majority of male cases are inherited as an X‐linked trait whereas most if not all female cases are inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Spontaneous gene mutation cannot, however, be excluded in the present case.
A FOLLOW‐UP STUDY OF HYPERBILIRUBINAEMIA IN HEALTHY, FULL‐TERM INFANTS WITHOUT ISO‐IMMUNIZATION
Authors: BENGTSSON B. , VERNEHOLT J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryWith the aim of shedding light on the indications for exchange transfusion in healthy, full term infants without iso‐immunization, a detailed follow‐up investigation was made of 226 children, of whom 111 had had neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia with maxima) bilirubin values of 20–51 mg/100 ml and the other 115 (controls) had had no visible jaundice neonatally.The children underwent physical and neurological examinations as well as audiometric and psychological tests. Among the 111 children with neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia 2 had coordination disturbances of the athetotic type and 4 had sensorineural hearing impairment, while none of the 115 control children had such disorders. The differences in the frequencies of the e conditions were not statistically significant, however. Neither did the frequencies of subnormal intelligence and psychological disturbances in the two groups differ significantly. Exchange transfusion is recommended in healthy, full‐term infants without iso‐immunization as'a measure to prevent the serum bilirubin level from exceeding 25 mg 100 ml.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF MANNITOL‐INDUCED DIURESIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: OETLIKER O. H. , SIMON J. , TIETZE H. U. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA modified technique of mannitol‐induced diuresis is described. It was used in infants and children in order to assess renal concentrating ability. Normal patients were defined as well as patients with central or renal diabetes insipidus. Aside from differentiating normal conditions and the classical forms of diabetes insipidus, the modified technique led to the definition of partial renal and partial central diabetes insipidus.
EEG FINDINGS IN JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND OTHER CONNECTlVE TlSSUE DISEASES IN CHILDREN
Authors: LANG HEIKKI , ANTTILA RAIMO , SVÉKUS ANDRÁS , LAAKSONEN ANNA‐LIISA 
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lang, H., Anttila, R., Svékus, A. and Laaksonen, Anna‐Liisa (Department of Paediatrics and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland). EEG findings in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases in children. Acta Paediatr Scand 63: 373, 1974.–The object of the study was to determine which factors are most likely to cause EEG changes in children suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and other connective tissue disorders. EEG curves from 100 patients were analysed; 93 of these had JRA, 3 had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 2 psoriasis, 1 dermatomyositis and 1 scleroderma circumscripta.Pathological EEG was found in 52 patients, borderline in 16 and normal EEG in 32. In the JRA group it was found that if patients had positive antinuclear antibodies or visceral symptoms like pericarditis and/or myocarditis, they had fewer pathological EEG changes than those suffering from a form of the disease with symptoms only in the joints. The number of pathological EEG findings increased with age of the patients.Pathological EEG changes were found to occur more often in girls than boys, and were connected with those forms of the disease where, in addition to symptoms in the joints, there was fever due to the disease itself and possibly also non‐infectious leukocytosis.No correlation was found between EEG changes and the kind of drug treatment of JRA. There was no clear correlation between EEG changes and the duration of the disease or age at onset.In the group of seven patients with other connective tissue disorders only one with SLE had normal EEG.The observations give reason to suppose that the pathological EEG changes, especially the slowness of activity and the asymmetrical focal disturbances, are caused by the primary cerebral process connected with the disease itself, probably vasculitis.
DIALYSIS AND RENAL TRANSPLANTATION OF CHILDREN IN EUROPE, 19731
Authors: SCHÄRER K. , PARSONS F. M. , BRUNNER F. P. , BURCK H. C. , GURLAND H. J. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe number of children accepted for intermittent dialysis and renal transplantation in Europe and the number of centres specialising in this treatment are increasing. However, during 1973 only about a third of all children with end‐stage chronic kidney disease were being accepted for treatment in Europe. Although transplantation was favoured in some countries for the whole of Europe only 30% of children surviving at the end of 1973 had been transplanted. The number of patients transferred to home dialysis continued to increase. With all forms of treatment patient survival rates in children were higher than in older patients. Home haemodialysis gave the best survival with 95% four years after start of treatment, compared to 72% on hospital dialysis. Patient and graft survival reached 75 and 48% four years after a living donor transplant and 61 and 39% after a cadaver transplant, respectively. Retransplants had a poorer outcome. Full activity in ordinary school was achieved in about 80% of all patients with transplants or on home dialysis, but in only 43 % of those treated by hospital dialysis. The trend to dialyse more frequently continues. Growth velocity on long‐term dialysis and after transplantation was subnormal in the majority, but growth continued for a longer period of time indicating that puberty was delayed.
Introduction
Authors: Fomon Samuel J. , Ziegler Ekhard E. , Filer Lloyd J. , Anderson Thomas A. , Edwards Barbara B. , Nelson Steven E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryOf 178 normal breastfed infants enrolled during the first 9 days of life, 129 (59 males and 70 females) completed the planned period of observation to 112 days of age. Limited amounts of formula and beikost were permitted and intakes of these foods were determined. Length and weight were measured at standardized ages and blood for serum chemical determinations was obtained.Data from this study were combined with similar data published (1) previously. Thus, data are now available concerning 117 males and 116 females. Means, standard deviations and percentile values, including 5th and 95th percentile values, for length and weight at. tained and for rates of gain in length and weight between various ages are presentedMeans and percentile values for intake of calo. ries from formula and beikost and for serum chemical values are presented. In instances where analysis of variance indicated statis. tically significant effects of age and/or sex serum chemical values have been tabulated or an age‐ and/or sex‐specific basis.
HYPERLIPEMIA AMONG 1 407 DANISH CHILDREN WHOSE FATHERS HAVE DIED FROM ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE BEFORE AGE 45
Authors: ANDERSEN G. E. , HEJL M. , CHRISTENSEN N. C. , BOTT H. , LOUS P. , FRIIS‐HANSEN B. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTAndersen, G. E., Hejl, M., Christensen, N. C, Bott, H., Lous, P. and Friis‐Hansen, B. (Neonatal Department, Rigshospitalet and the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark). Hyperlipemia among 1407 Danish children whose fathers have died from ischemic heart disease before age 45. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 843, 1981.‐1407 children whose fathers had died from ischemic heart disease before age 45 were investigated. 15 % had hypercholesterolemia and 8 % hypertriglyceridemia at visit 1. At visit 2 and 3 this number of children with hyperlipemia fell to a minimum of 3 % and 1.4 %, resp. which is around 10 times higher than in a reference population. 1.8 % of the children had familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) which is 10–15 times higher than in a reference population. These findings indicate that serum lipids should always be measured in children from such coronary heart risk families, and a decision made whether or not their permanent hyperlipemia should be treated.
IMMUNE COMPLEX MEDIATED TISSUE DAMAGE IN THE LUNGS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTION
Authors: HØIBY NIELS , SCHIØTZ PETER OLUF 
Published: January 2008

Høiby, N. and Schiøtz, P.O. (Statens Seruminstitut Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet and the Paediatric Department TG, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). Immune complex mediated tissue damage in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Acta Paediatr Scand; suppl 301: 63‐73. — Evidence has accumulated which supports the following mechanism of tissue damage in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients during chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection:In CF chronic P. aeruginosa infection with mucoid strains is characterized by persistent presence of P. aeruginosa antigens in the lungs and simultaneous presence of many precipitating antibodies against these antigens in serum and sputum.Formation of immune complexes in the lungs between these antigens and antibodies are indicated by the detection of immune complex activity in serum and especially in sputum. Immune complex‐mediated activation of complement components in the lungs of such CF patients has been demonstrated. The activation of complement leads to formation of C3a and C5a split products, which lead to liberation of histamine from basophil leukocytes, i.e. inflammation which is also reflected in elevated acute phase proteins in serum. Evidence of this process has also been found as a type I skin test when P. aeruginosa antigens are injected intracutaneously in these patients. Liberation of serotonin from thrombocytes mediated by P. aeruginosa antigens in the presence of antibodies from these CF patients, causing inflammation, has been shown. Attraction of neutrophils to the lungs mediated by immune complex activated complement split products, ingestion of the immune complexes by the neutrophils, and liberation of proteolytic enzymes from the neutrophils, i.e. tissue damage, has been demonstrated, and goes on because immune elimination of the bacteria is not accomplished. The therapeutic consequences are discussed.