bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphologic comparison of healing patterns in ethylene oxide-sterilized cortical allografts and untreated cortical autografts in the dog
Authors: Johnson Ann L. , Stein L. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Full-thickness canine cortical allografts were harvested cleanly, sterilized with ethylene oxide, and stored at 22 C. The sterilized allografts were incorporated into segmental, femoral fracture repairs and evaluated for 6 months. Allografts were compared with untreated cortical autografts, which also were incorporated into segmental, femoral-fracture repairs for 6 months. Sequential fluorochrome labeling at 8, 11, 21, and 24 weeks after surgery made it possible to evaluate retrospectively the time of new bone formation. Morphometric evaluations were made of the numbers of labeled haversian systems, the percentage of labeled bone, and the porosity of the bone. The cortical allografts had bone formation in the proximal and distal portions of the graft, with the greatest activity at 5 to 6 months after surgery. Activity in the center of the allograft was minimal. Cortical autografts had bone formation throughout the graft, with the greatest number of haversian systems labeled at 3 months after surgery. We concluded that cortical allografts heal and remodel more slowly and in a different sequence of events than do cortical autografts.
Synergistic effects of Fusobacterium necrophorum lipopolysaccharide, cytoplasmic, and culture supernatant fractions on induction of acute hepatic necrosis in rabbits
Authors: Nakajima Yasuyuki , Ueda Hisashi , Takeuchi Syotaro 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Synergistic effects of toxic fractions of Fusobacterium necrophorum were examined for evaluation of the role of the toxin in inducing liver abscesses in rabbits. Cytoplasmic and culture supernatant fractions of F necrophorum had preparative activity for the Shwartzman reaction, and lipopolysaccharide of F necrophorum had preparative and provocative activities for the reaction. All 3 fractions were hepatotoxic. Inoculation into the bile duct with each fraction followed by intravenous inoculation with F necrophorum or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide had a greater synergistic effect in inducing severe hepatic necrosis than did inoculations with double doses of the cytoplasmic or supernatant fractions of F necrophorum. This synergism may have been attributable to the Shwartzman reaction.
Effects of topical application of amitraz on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in dogs
Authors: Hsu Walter H. , Schaffer David D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Amitraz, a formamidine insecticide, is used topically in the treatment of demodicosis and other ectoparasitic infestations. When 3.78 L (containing 2.1 g) of amitraz (twice the recommended concentration) was applied to 5 dogs 4 hours before glucose (0.6 g/kg of body weight) was administered iv, plasma glucose concentration increased, but the increase in plasma insulin concentration, which usually follows iv administered glucose, was suppressed. The results suggested that amitraz induced hyperglycemia at least partly by inhibiting insulin release.
Hemodynamics, plasma eicosanoid concentrations, and plasma biochemical changes in calves given multiple injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin
Authors: Templeton C. B. , Bottoms G. D. , Fessler J. F. , Turek J. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twelve male neonatal calves (39 to 50 kg) were allotted to 3 groups of 4 calves each. All calves were anesthetized with halothane, and then Escherichia coli endotoxin was given intravenously (3 times) and intraperitoneally (3 times) during a 6-hour period. Group-1 calves were untreated, group-2 calves were pretreated with a low dose of flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight), and group-3 calves were pretreated with a high dose of flunixin meglumine (4.4 mg/kg).
In calves of group 1, the mean systemic arterial blood pressure (mabp) and cardiac output (co) decreased, but pulmonary arterial pressure increased after the initial intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of endotoxin. In calves of this group, these changes were accompanied by increased plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concentration. During this period, increased plasma TxB2 concentration or hemodynamic changes were not detected in calves of groups 2 and 3. Only calves of group 1 had altered hemodynamics early in the experiment; however, after 6 hours, calves of all 3 groups had similarly decreased co and mabp.
In calves of the untreated group, plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin (pg)F1α concentration increased steadily from the beginning of the experiment until 3 hours later. The co and mabp were low at the time when serum 6-keto-pgf1α concentration was high; however, these 2 measurements also were low in treated calves who did not have correspondingly high plasma 6-ketopgf1α concentration. Regional blood flow analysis did not reveal correlations between prostanoid concentrations and altered blood flow to selected tissues.
Results indicated that endotoxin given to calves caused increases in plasma TxB2 and 6-keto-pgf1α concentrations, along with hemodynamic changes similar to those observed in other species. Flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg) administration prevented the increase in plasma eicosanoid concentrations and the associated hemodynamic changes during early shock. However, in treated calves, after 3 hours, the co and mabp also were decreased without a corresponding increase of plasma 6-keto-pgf1α concentration. Therefore, something other than increased prostacyclin accumulation may have caused the later decrease in co and mabp.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to the alcelaphine herpesvirus of malignant catarrhal fever in exotic ruminants
Authors: Wan Saio-Kun , Castro Anthony E. , Heuschele Werner P. , Ramsay Edward C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An elisa for antibodies to the alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 of malignant catarrhal fever was developed. Of sera that represented 42 exotic ruminant species, 216 were evaluated by the elisa and a virus-neutralization test. A significant correlation (r = 0.564, P < 0.001, n = 216) between the elisa and virus-neutralization test results was found. Of the sera having positive test results by virus neutralization, 86.1% also had positive results by the elisa, and of the sera having negative test results by virus neutralization, 83.9% also had negative results by the elisa. The presence of antibody, as measured by the elisa, correlated with clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever and the isolation of herpesvirus.
Oral administration of an attenuated strain of canine adenovirus (type 2) to raccoons, foxes, skunk, and mongoose
Authors: Sumner John W. , Shaddock John H. , Wu Guang-jer , Baer George M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An attenuated strain of canine adenovirus type-2 (cav-2) was administered orally to 2 foxes (Vulpes fulva), 6 raccoons (Procyon lotor), a skunk (Mephitis mephitis), and a mongoose (Herpestus auropunctatus). Blood was collected weekly from the animals to monitor cav-2 virus-neutralizing antibody titers. All animals had increases in titers. Sera from 8 foxes, 30 mongooses, 52 raccoons, and 22 skunks trapped in the field had naturally occurring antibody to cav-2.
Experimental induction of abdominal tympany, abomasitis, and abomasal ulceration by intraruminal inoculation of Clostridium perfringens type A in neonatal calves
Authors: Roeder B. L. , Chengappa M. M. , Nagaraja T. G. , Avery T. B. , Kennedy G. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The etiologic role of Clostridum perfringens type A in the acute abdominal syndrome characterized by abomasal and rumen tympany, abomasitis, and abomasal ulceration was investigated in neonatal calves. Eight calves, 4 to 12 days old, were inoculated intraruminally with toxigenic C perfringens type A. Before and after C perfringens inoculation, blood samples were collected from all calves for blood gas and serum biochemical analysis and for determination of serum copper concentration; ruminal fluid was obtained for isolation of C perfringens. Calves were monitored daily for clinical signs of the syndrome and, depending on the severity of clinical signs, they were either euthanatized or redosed within 4 to 7 days. After necropsy, specimens obtained from the abomasum and rumen for macroscopic and microscopic examination and for anaerobic bacteriologic culture were processed in routine manner.
Intraruminal inoculation of C perfringens type A into healthy calves induced anorexia, depression, bloat, diarrhea, and in some calves, death. Serum copper concentration was within normal range. Necropsy revealed variable degrees of abomasitis, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages, and ulcers (ranging from pinpoint to nearly perforate) in the abomasum. Seven of those calves also had multiple trichobezoars in the rumen. These necropsy findings were not seen in calves (controls) given distilled H2O only. In affected calves, acute abdominal syndrome was unrelated to copper deficiency, and C perfringens type A given intraruminally was able to induce clinical signs similar to those of the naturally acquired disease.
Suppression of feline bone marrow fibroblast colony-forming units by feline leukemia virus
Authors: Wellman Maxey L. , Kociba Gary J. , Mathes Lawrence E. , Olsen Richard G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bone marrow fibroblast colony-forming units (cfu-f) were evaluated in cats experimentally infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Cats that developed persistent viral infection and anemia (progressor cats) had a progressive decrease in the number of cfu-f at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after inoculation with FeLV. This suppression of cfu-f number in progressor cats ranged from 16 to 44% of the preinoculation cfu-f value. Cats that did not develop persistent viral infection or anemia (regressor cats) had decreased numbers of cfu-f (24% of the preinoculation cfu-f value) at 2 weeks after inoculation, but normal cfu-f numbers at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks after inoculation.
In vitro incubation of bone marrow mononuclear cells from healthy cats with the 15,000-dalton envelope protein of FeLV resulted in decreased number of cfu-f (21% of that of untreated cultures). The number of cfu-f from bone marrow mononuclear cells incubated with the 27,000-dalton core protein of FeLV was similar to that from untreated cultures.
Measurements of bone strain in foals with altered foot balance
Authors: Firth E. C. , Schamhardt H. C. , Hartman W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two to 7 days after birth, 9 foals were anesthetized, and strain gauges were applied to lateral and medial aspects of the third metacarpal bone of the left forelimb. In 5 of these foals, strain gauges also were applied to the radius of the left forelimb. Four to 6 days later, foals were walked (5 sets of 10 to 20 strides), and compressive and tensile strains in the bone beneath strain gauges were recorded on paper and diskette. After recording base-line data, a wedge was fitted to the hoof of the limb with the strain gauges, in such a way that the lateral bearing surface was raised, and strains were recorded again. The wedge was left in place, and further recordings were made every 2 to 3 days for 10 days.
At the normal walk (base-line data), the compressive strain was higher than the tensile strain in the third metacarpal bone, on the medial side of which the mean principal compressive strain was approximately twice that on the lateral surface. Immediately after application of the wedge, strain values from the medial surface of the third metacarpal bone decreased by 40%, and the lateral surface compressive strain increased by 100%. These changes gradually decreased over 10 days, at which time there was no significant difference from base-line values (P < 0.05). Similar but much less obvious trends were observed in the radius. Abnormal hoof balance apparently had no lasting effect on compressive forces running through the limb, and the natural situation of higher compressive strain medially was restored quickly.
Histopathologic findings in Brucella abortus-infected, pregnant goats
Authors: Meador V. P. , Hagemoser W. A. , Deyoe B. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-eight pregnant goats in midgestation were exposed to a bovine pathogenic strain of Brucella abortus to determine the histologic changes associated with infection. Does were necropsied 0 to 7 days or 4 to 6 weeks after delivery of aborted, stillborn, or live, full-term fetuses. Aborted and stillborn fetuses were necropsied within 16 hours of delivery. Selected, paired tissue specimens were collected for histologic and bacteriologic examination. An avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunostaining procedure was used to detect Brucella antigen in tissue section.
Histologic changes were evident in specimens from infected does and aborted fetuses. Postpartum does had endometritis, lymphoid hyperplasia in lymph nodes and spleen, and lymphocytic mastitis. The most prominent finding in aborted fetuses was an interstitial pneumonia. Lesions in does and fetuses were similar to those described in Brucella-infected cows and fetuses; however, lesions were less consistently observed in goat fetuses than has been observed in bovine fetuses.
Brucella antigen was detected by immunoperoxidase staining within the cytoplasm of placental chorioallantoic trophoblastic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and uterine epithelial cells. Also, stained brucellae were free in placental and fetal vascular lumens and in the interstitium of autolyzed fetal tissues.
Rabbit pasteurellosis: Induced disease and vaccination
Authors: Al-Lebban Z. S. , Corbeil L. B. , Coles E. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pasteurellosis was induced in rabbits by conjunctival inoculation with 2 strains of Pasteurella multocida. The ld50 of strain P1062 (a bovine isolate) was 105.1 colony-forming units and that of strain P1059 (a turkey isolate) was 105.5 colony-forming units. Pasteurella-free rabbits were vaccinated iv or mucosally with boiled cells of P multocida or a cross-reactive uridine diphosphogalactose epimerase-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli J5.
In rabbits challenge exposed with P multocida strain 1062 or 1059, homologous P multocida strain gave the best protection against fatal bacteremia. Partial protection was provided by J5; mucosal routes of vaccination (aerosol or conjuctival) gave better protection than did the iv route. Serum antibody titers were lower in rabbits vaccinated by mucosal routes than in those vaccinated iv.
Cross-reactive IgG and IgM titers to P multocida were demonstrated when rabbits were vaccinated with J5. On the basis of bacteriologic examination of nasal secretions, rabbits that died were considered culture positive sooner than were those that survived. On the basis of bacteriologic examination of blood, rabbits that died were considered culture positive, and those that survived were considered culture negative. Seemingly, heat-stable antigens were protective, the cross-reactive E coli J5 mutant (with only core lipopolysaccharide) provided partial protection against pasteurellosis, and the mucosal route was somewhat useful for cross-protective immunization.
Serum bile acid analysis in dogs with experimentally induced cholestatic jaundice
Authors: Rutgers H. Carolien , Stradley Roger P. , Johnson Susan E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum bile acid (sba) concentration was determined weekly for 4 weeks in dogs with experimentally induced hyperbilirubinemic liver disease. Obstructive jaundice was created in 6 dogs by surgical ligation of the common bile duct, and hepatocellular jaundice was created in 6 sham-operated dogs by administration of dimethylnitrosamine; 6 other sham-operated dogs served as controls.
Serum bile acid concentration increased rapidly after bile duct ligation (from 0.6 ± 0.1 to 69.2 ± 15.3 μmol/L at 3 days), peaked at 14 days (247.8 ± 54.1 μmol/L), and then gradually decreased (179.9 ± 27.1 μmol/L at 28 days). Serum bile acid concentration in dimethylnitrosamine-treated dogs increased more gradually to 38.9 ± 10.7 μmol/L at 28 days, at which time the serum bilirubin concentration was comparable with that of bile duct-ligated dogs. Mean total sba values in bile duct-ligated dogs were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those in control and dimethylnitrosamine-treated dogs at days 3 through 28, with no overlap of individual values. Serum bile acid concentration at day 28 correlated positively (P < 0.01) with cholestasis and bile duct proliferation observed in liver biopsy specimens, but did not correlate with necrosis or inflammation. Serum bile acid concentration also correlated positively (P < 0.01) with serum bilirubin and cholesterol concentrations and with serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase activities.
Results of the study reported here indicated a relationship between sba concentration and cholestasis in dogs; extrahepatic bile duct obstruction resulted in the highest sba values. These findings indicate that total sba analysis may be a useful adjunct to routine liver function tests to differentiate between acute obstructive and hepatocellular jaundice in dogs.
Kidney biopsy: A nonlethal method for diagnosing Yersinia ruckeri infection (enteric redmouth disease) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
Authors: Noga Edward J. , Levine Jay F. , Townsend Kimberly , Bullis Robert A. , Carlson Charles P. , Corbett Wayne T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The sensitivity and specificity of kidney biopsy were 93 and 88%, respectively, for detecting Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). There was no statistically significant difference between results obtained by kidney biopsy and those obtained by necropsy, the standard method for isolation of this agent from the kidney. One hundred percent of conscious fish that were tested survived the procedure.
Intramedullary pressure in canine long bones
Authors: Bauer Michael S. , Walker T. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intramedullary pressure was measured bilaterally in 36 dogs: in the diaphysis and distal metaphysis of the femur, in the proximal metaphysis of the tibia and humerus, and in the diaphysis of the radius. Pressure measurements were repeated in 5 dogs, 14 days after the initial recordings.
Mean (± sd) pressures in the femoral diaphysis and distal metaphysis were 27.6 (± 15.4) mm of Hg and 17.6 (± 10.5) mm of Hg, respectively. Mean (± sd) pressures in the tibial diaphysis and proximal metaphysis were 26.4 (± 13.0) mm of Hg and 17.9 (± 11.8) mm of Hg, respectively. Mean (± sd) pressures in the humeral diaphysis and proximal metaphysis were 26.2 (± 15.8) mm of Hg and 13.4 (± 7.7) mm of Hg, respectively. The mean (± SD) pressure in the radial diaphysis was 15.4 (± 18.9) mm of Hg. Metaphyseal pressure was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than diaphyseal pressure. Repeated pressure measurements in 5 dogs did not vary significantly from initial values, suggesting that the wide range of pressure was real not artifactual.
Nontransmission of bluetongue virus by embryos from bluetongue virus-infected sheep
Authors: Hare W. C. D. , Luedke A. J. , Thomas F. C. , Bowen R. A. , Singh Elizabeth L. , Eaglesome M. D. , Randall G. C. B. , Bielanski A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Donor sheep were infected either by bites of bluetongue virus (btv)-infected (serotype 11, “Texas Station strain”) Culicoides variipennis or by inoculation with 100,000 median chicken embryo intravascular lethal doses of btv (serotype 11) from a suspension made from infected C variipennis. Fourteen embryos from 4 btv-infected ewes bred by rams not infected with btv were transferred to 8 btv-seronegative recipient ewes, and 35 embryos and 4 unfertilized eggs from 14 btv-infected ewes bred by btv- infected rams were transferred to 19 btv-seronegative recipient ewes. Eleven pregnancies and 12 lambs resulted. None of the recipients or lambs seroconverted, and btv was not isolated from the pregnant recipient ewes or their lambs at slaughter 30 days after parturition.
Fixation procedures for retention of cellular morphologic features and for preservation of immunoreactivity of canine paramyxovirus antigens
Authors: Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Krakowka Steven 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effectiveness of 1% saponin at 55 C (sap), glutar-aldehyde-borohydride-saponin (gbs), and modified gbs (mgbs) as fixatives for preserving cellular morphologic features, as well as antigenicity of intracellular and membrane-bound viral proteins of canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) was studied. Use of the same fixatives for light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical examination also was investigated.
By light microscopy, cdv inclusions were readily detected after sap and mgbs fixation, but not after gbs fixation; cpiv inclusions were detected after gbs and mgbs fixation, but not after sap fixation. Ultrastructurally, sap-treated cells had moderate to severe cytoplasmic artifacts, although cdv-associated cytoplasmic and membrane viral antigens were readily labeled. The cpiv-infected cells contained only a few positively labeled membrane-associated antigens and cytoplasmic nucleocapsids (nc). Although gbs-treated cells had excellent ultrastructural preservation, immunolabeling was unsatisfactory; cpiv-nc were labeled incompletely, and cdv-nc were unlabeled. After fixation with mgbs, immunolabeling of NC and membrane-associated viral proteins for both viruses was achieved, and the architecture of infected cells was preserved.
Hemodynamic and respiratory responses in halothane-anesthetized horses exposed to positive end-expiratory pressure alone and with dobutamine
Authors: Swanson Clifford R. , Muir William W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (peep) on the alveolar-arterial O2 tension difference [P(a-a)o2, physiologic right-to-left shunt fraction, physiologic dead space-to-tidal volume ratio, and hemodynamic variables was studied in halothane-anesthetized horses maintained in dorsal recumbericy during controlled ventilation. Dobutamine was used to minimize the adverse cardiovascular consequences of peep. Six adult horses wore anesthetized, using xylazine (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, im), guaifenesin (50 mg/kg, iv). thiamylal Na (4.4 mg/kg, iv), and halothane (1.5 to 2% inspired) in 100% O2. Mechanical ventilation was controlled to maintain arterial eucapnia tor at least 45 minutes during base-line measurements. Hemodynamic and respiratory variables were determined every 15 minutes during equilibration. Each horse was subjected to 4 randomized treatments: 5cm of H2O peep, 10cm of H20 peep, 5cm of H2O peep plus dobutamine (1 μg/kg/min), and 10cm of H2O peep plus dobutamine (1 μg/kg/min). Each treatment lasted 15 minutes and immediately followed its predecessor. Although the magnitude of peep was randomized with and without dobutamine, peep without dobutamine always preceded peep with dobutamine.
Differences in hemodynamic or respiratory variables among base-line measurements, 5cm of H2O peep, or 10 cm of H2O peep were not significant (P > 0.05). Cardiac output, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, PaCO2 and end-tidal PCO2 were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, and arterial pH was decreased (P < 0.05) by 5cm of H2O plus dobutamine or by 10cm of H2O peep plus dobutamine, compared with values at base line and with 5cm or 10cm of H2O peep. Physiologic shunt fraction and physiologic dead space-to-tidal volume ratio were not significantly altered by 5cm of H2O peep plus dobutamine or by 10cm of H2O peep plus dobutamine, compared with base line ur with ocm or 10cm of H2O peep alone. The P(A-a)O2, was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by 10cm of H2O peep plus dobutamine, compared with base line.