bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital twins for cardiac electrophysiology: state of the art and future challenges
Authors: Cluitmans Matthijs J. M. , Plank Gernot , Heijman Jordi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCardiac arrhythmias remain a major cause of death and disability. Current antiarrhythmic therapies are effective to only a limited extent, likely in large part due to their mechanism-independent approach. Precision cardiology aims to deliver targeted therapy for an individual patient to maximize efficacy and minimize adverse effects. In-silico digital twins have emerged as a promising strategy to realize the vision of precision cardiology. While there is no uniform definition of a digital twin, it typically employs digital tools, including simulations of mechanistic computer models, based on patient-specific clinical data to understand arrhythmia mechanisms and/or make clinically relevant predictions. Digital twins have become part of routine clinical practice in the setting of interventional cardiology, where commercially available services use digital twins to non-invasively determine the severity of stenosis (computed tomography-based fractional flow reserve). Although routine clinical application has not been achieved for cardiac arrhythmia management, significant progress towards digital twins for cardiac electrophysiology has been made in recent years. At the same time, significant technical and clinical challenges remain. This article provides a short overview of the history of digital twins for cardiac electrophysiology, including recent applications for the prediction of sudden cardiac death risk and the tailoring of rhythm control in atrial fibrillation. The authors highlight the current challenges for routine clinical application and discuss how overcoming these challenges may allow digital twins to enable a significant precision medicine-based advancement in cardiac arrhythmia management.
Nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations with fractional Laplacian and McKean–Vlasov SDEs with Lévy noise
Authors: Barbu Viorel , Röckner Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work is concerned with the existence of mild solutions to nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations with fractional Laplace operator $$(- \Delta )^s$$

(
-
Δ
)

s

for $$s\in \left( \frac{1}{2},1\right) $$

s
∈

1
2

,
1

. The uniqueness of Schwartz distributional solutions is also proved under suitable assumptions on diffusion and drift terms. As applications, weak existence and uniqueness of solutions to McKean–Vlasov equations with Lévy noise, as well as the Markov property for their laws are proved.
Intraoperative strategies and techniques to achieve surgical radicality in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hank Thomas , Leonhardt Carl-Stephan , Klaiber Ulla , Strobel Oliver 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe treatment of pancreatic cancer presents a challenging task in surgical oncology, demanding innovative approaches to achieve radical resection and improve patient outcomes. This article provides an overview of state-of-the-art surgical principles and techniques for achieving surgical radicality in localized pancreatic cancer, with a particular emphasis on artery-first approaches, the triangle operation, arterial and venous dissection techniques, including arterial divestment, and the significance of R0 resections with complete lymphadenectomy. By applying these techniques and principles of surgical radicality, surgeons are able to enhance resectability, minimize complications, and potentially extend patient survival in the rapidly evolving field of multimodal pancreatic cancer management.
MicroRNA-130b Suppresses Malignant Behaviours and Inhibits the Activation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway by Targeting MET in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yang Zilin , Tang Yuming , Wu Xuejiao , Wang Jiancheng , Yao Weiyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere has been interested in the microRNAs’ roles in pancreatic cancer (PC) cell biology, particularly in regulating pathways related to tumorigenesis. The study aimed to explore the hub miRNAs in PC and underlying mechanisms by bioinformatics and fundamental experiments. RNA datasets collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus were analysed to find out differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs). The miRNA-mRNA and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were built. The clinicopathological features and expressions of hub miRNAs and hub mRNAs were explored. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to assess the interaction between microRNA and target gene. RT-qPCR and western blot were employed to explore RNA expression. The roles of RNA were detected by CCK-8 test, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry experiment. We verified 40 DEmiRNAs and 1613 DEmRNAs, then detected a total of 69 final functional mRNAs (FmRNAs) and 23 DEmiRNAs. In the miRNA-mRNA networks, microRNA-130b (miR-130b) was the hub RNA with highest degrees. Clinical analysis revealed that miR-130b was considerably lower expressed in cancerous tissues than in healthy ones, and patients with higher-expressed miR-130b had a better prognosis. Mechanically, miR-130b directly targeted MET in PC cells. Cell functional experiments verified that miR-130b suppressed cell proliferation, migration, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway by targeting MET in PC cells. Our findings illustrated the specific molecular mechanism of miR-130b regulating PC progress. The miR-130b/MET axis may be an alternative target in the therapeutic intervention of PC and provide an opportunity to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of PC.
Populations, individuals, and biological race
Authors: Diamond-Hunter M. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I plan to show that the use of a specific population concept—Millstein’s Causal Interactionist Population Concept (CIPC)—has interesting and counter-intuitive ramifications for discussions of the reality of biological race in human beings. These peculiar ramifications apply to human beings writ large and to individuals. While this in and of itself may not be problematic, I plan to show that the ramifications that follow from applying Millstein’s CIPC to human beings complicates specific biological racial realist accounts—naïve or otherwise. I conclude with the notion that even if biological races do exist—by fulfilling all of the criteria needed for Millstein’s population concept (which, given particular worries raised by Gannett (Synthese 177:363–385, 2010), and Winther and Kaplan (Theoria 60:54–80, 2013) may not)—the lower-bound limit for the scope of biological racial realism is at the level of populations, and as such they cannot say anything about whether or not individual organisms themselves have races.
Dynamic volatility among fossil energy, clean energy and major assets: evidence from the novel DCC-GARCH
Authors: Ozkan Oktay , Abosedra Salah , Sharif Arshian , Alola Andrew Adewale 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to assess the dynamic volatility connectedness between fossil energy, clean energy, and major assets i.e., Bonds, Bitcoin, Dollar index, Gold, and Standard and Poor's 500 from September 17, 2014 to October 11, 2022. The main motivation of the study relates to examining the dynamic volatility connectedness mentioned during periods of important events such as the recent coronavirus pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine conflict which has shown the vulnerability of economic and financial assets, energy commodities, and clean energy. The novel Dynamic Conditional Correlation-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (DCC-GARCH) approach is employed for the investigation of the sample period mentioned. Empirical analysis reveals that both the total and net volatility connectedness between assets is time-varying. The highest connectedness among the assets is observed with the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and it increases with some important international events, such as the Russia–Ukraine conflict, the referendum of Brexit, China–US trade war, and Brexit day. On average, the result shows that 32.8% of the volatility in one asset spills over to all other assets. The DCC-GARCH results also indicate that crude oil, bonds, and Bitcoin act as almost pure volatility transmitters, whereas the Dollar index, gold, and S&P500 act as volatility receivers. On the other hand, clean energy is found neutral to external shocks until the first quarter of 2020 and after that time, it starts to behave as a volatility transmitter. Based on the obtained results, we offer some specific policy implications that are beneficial to the US economy and other countries.
Graphical Abstract
Dynamic volatility connectedness between fossil energy, clean energy, and major assets (Bonds, Bitcoin, Dollar index, Gold, and Standard and Poor's 500)
Dynamic Infrastructure Systems: advancing sustainable urbanization and climate change
Authors: Sánchez-Silva Mauricio , Baker Jack W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping and maintaining infrastructure (e.g., roads, airports, water supply, communication networks, power plants, or hospitals) is a priority in a rapidly changing world. However, the gap between infrastructure needs and investments will continue to increase in the coming years, mainly impacting mid- and low-income countries. This problem is aggravated by the fact that traditional long-term planning approaches often lead to under- or over-designing infrastructure with the corresponding investment risks and environmental impacts. This article introduces the “Dynamic Infrastructure Systems” (DIS) concept as a new way to understand infrastructure design and management to support sustainable continuous growth, maintenance, and adaptation. In scenarios of deep uncertainty, infrastructure can best be designed and managed by creating a strategic vision of the future, committing to short-term actions, and establishing a flexible management policy to guide future decisions. This article is motivated by the urgent need to re-think how a key sector is managed and how to make it a positive contributor to sustainability. After the factual and conceptual discussion of the main principles behind DIS, we present a framework for its implementation in practice and discuss barriers and challenges to this vision.
Learning Bayesian Networks: A Copula Approach for Mixed-Type Data
Authors: Castelletti Federico 
Published: April 2024

Estimating dependence relationships between variables is a crucial issue in many applied domains and in particular psychology. When several variables are entertained, these can be organized into a network which encodes their set of conditional dependence relations. Typically however, the underlying network structure is completely unknown or can be partially drawn only; accordingly it should be learned from the available data, a process known as structure learning. In addition, data arising from social and psychological studies are often of different types, as they can include categorical, discrete and continuous measurements. In this paper, we develop a novel Bayesian methodology for structure learning of directed networks which applies to mixed data, i.e., possibly containing continuous, discrete, ordinal and binary variables simultaneously. Whenever available, our method can easily incorporate known dependence structures among variables represented by paths or edge directions that can be postulated in advance based on the specific problem under consideration. We evaluate the proposed method through extensive simulation studies, with appreciable performances in comparison with current state-of-the-art alternative methods. Finally, we apply our methodology to well-being data from a social survey promoted by the United Nations, and mental health data collected from a cohort of medical students. R code implementing the proposed methodology is available at https://github.com/FedeCastelletti/bayes_networks_mixed_data.
Gesundheitsförderung mit geflüchteten Frauen: Stärken und Herausforderungen eines Peer-Ansatzes
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Huber Anna , Odukoya Dennis , Wächter-Raquet Marcus , von Unger Hella 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Geflüchtete Frauen sind gesundheitlichen Herausforderungen ausgesetzt und verfügen gleichzeitig über Ressourcen, die verstärkt zur Gesundheitsförderung genutzt werden können. Peer-Ansätze sind in vielen Bereichen der Gesundheitsförderung erfolgreich. Es bestehen jedoch offene Fragen zu deren Möglichkeiten und Grenzen im Kontext nach der Flucht.

Ziel
Im Rahmen des EMPOW-Projekts wurde eine peer-basierte Intervention der Gesundheitsförderung mit geflüchteten Frauen partizipativ entwickelt und evaluiert, um Erkenntnisse über deren Potenziale zur Gesundheitsförderung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Vulnerabilität und Empowerment in der Situation von Frauen nach der Flucht zu generieren.

Methodik
Am Standort Hannover wurde eine Maßnahme der Gesundheitsförderung von und für Frauen entwickelt, die aus farsi- und arabischsprachigen Ländern nach Deutschland geflohen sind. Die peer-basierte Maßnahme wurde mithilfe von Social Media umgesetzt. Die Prozesse wurden auf Basis von Projektdokumentationen, Protokollen, Feldnotizen und Fokusgruppendaten mithilfe von partizipativen und qualitativen Methoden ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Der Peer-Ansatz konnte durch persönliche Ansprache und Vernetzung über Sozialen Medien die Gesundheit von geflüchteten Frauen fördern, indem er Kommunikation ermöglichte, Vertrauen schaffte, Selbsthilfepotenziale stärkte und den Zugang zu gesellschaftlichen Ressourcen inklusive Angeboten des Sozial- und Gesundheitswesens erleichterte. Dies war insbesondere im Hinblick auf Erfahrungen gender-basierter Gewalt von großem Vorteil. Herausforderungen und Grenzen des Ansatzes bestehen in der Vulnerabilität der Peers, die als geflüchtete Frauen selbst in einer schwierigen Lebenssituation sind.

Schlussfolgerung
Peer-Ansätze der Gesundheitsförderung sind auch für Frauen nach der Flucht empfehlenswert, sofern bestimmte Voraussetzungen und Unterstützungsstrukturen gegeben sind.
Fecal calprotectin levels in patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity: a proof of concept
Authors: Seidita Aurelio , Giuliano Alessandra , Soresi Maurizio , Chiavetta Marta , Nardi Emilio , Mogavero Giuseppe , Giannone Giulio , Carroccio Antonio , Mansueto Pasquale 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSome data suggest the existence of intestinal inflammation in patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). We aimed to verify whether fecal calprotectin (FCP), a marker of intestinal inflammation, could be used to confirm this inflammatory status and to test its diagnostic performance in differentiating NCWS from irritable bowel syndrome/functional dyspepsia (IBS/FD). We conducted a multicenter study, comparing NCWS patients, diagnosed by a double-blind placebo-controlled wheat challenge, with IBS/FD subjects. In the retrospective phase, FCP values were analyzed to define the prevalence of its positivity and its role as a NCWS diagnostic biomarker. In the prospective phase we tested the effects of a strict 6-month wheat-free diet (WFD) on FCP values. 31.3% (n = 63/201) of NCWS patients had above normal FCP values (NCWS FCP +), whereas all IBS/FD patients proved negative (P = 0.0001). FCP using a cut-off value > 41 µg/g showed a 58.6% sensitivity and a 98.0% specificity (AUC 0.755, 95% C.I. 0.702–0.837) in distinguishing NCWS from IBS/FD patients. Of the 63 NCWS FCP+, 65.1% had negative FCP values after ≥ 6 months of WFD, with a significant reduction in FCP values (P < 0.0001). All NCWS FCP- subjects still preserved negative FCP values after ≥ 6 months of WFD. Our study showed that FCP can be a useful but supplementary diagnostic marker for differentiating between NCWS and IBS/FD. Strict WFD adherence reduced FCP values, normalizing them in 65.1% of NCWS FCP + subjects. These data suggest the existence of two NCWS subgroups: NCWS FCP + characterized by a probable predominantly inflammatory/immunologic pattern and NCWS FCP− featuring non-immuno-mediated etiopathogenetic mechanisms. (Registration number NCT01762579).
Prosecutorial Language, Moral Disengagement, and Sentencing Outcomes in Real Capital Murder Cases
Authors: Fogler Kethera A. J. , Imperio Casey , Brewster JoAnne , Parker Skolnick Megan , Powell Amanda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLanguage reflecting moral disengagement has been shown to influence juries in mock juror studies; however, little to no research has examined this in actual murder cases. Prosecutors play an influential role in capital murder cases during both the guilt phase and sentencing phase of the trial. If a defendant is found guilty, jurors must then decide the appropriate sentence, which can be difficult when the penalties include death versus life without parole. Self-report and mock trial studies suggest that jurors may engage in moral disengagement methods (e.g., moral justification, dehumanizing language) that allow them to distance themselves from the decision. Capital murder trial transcripts were analyzed to investigate the influence of moral disengagement variables on sentencing (“death” versus “life without the possibility of parole”). Results indicate that arguments for future dangerousness were positively correlated with death penalty verdicts, although other types of moral disengagement language strategies were not. An additional linguistic strategy was included, which investigated language that might garner empathy for the victim. This was also positively correlated with a death penalty verdict. This analysis of capital murder trial transcripts reveals differences in influential moral displacement strategies than mock juror studies suggest.
Wettability evaluation of shale oil reservoirs and its impact on the post-fracturing shut-in duration of horizontal wells: a quantitative study for Ordos Basin, NW China
Authors: Lei Qihong , Ma Shuwei , Li Jian , He Youan , Huang Tianjing , Xiao Wenlian , Wang Bo , Liu ChangChun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShale oil development in Ordos Basin, China, primarily relies on the displacement of crude oil during the post-fracturing shut-in stage (PFSIS) of horizontal wells. Reservoir wettability significantly influences the shut-in duration and even the development approach. However, due to strong heterogeneity and super tight characteristics, the reservoir usually shows an mixed wettability, and it was usually hard to differentiate the wettability in different pore sizes. With this in mind, this study focuses on core samples from shale oil reservoir in the Longdong region of the Ordos basin to quantitatively analyze the reservoir wettability. Amott method combined with nuclear magnetic resonance is adopted in the paper to meed this end. And the optimal post-fracturing shut-in duration for Huachi and Heshui areas in the Longdong region are determined based on both wettability and field practice analysis as well as numerical simulations. Qualitative wettability evaluation reveals that the reservoir in the Longdong region is weakly oil-wet (oil-wet pores account for 58.9% and water-wet pores for 41.1%), and that larger pores are more water-wet, while smaller pores are more oil-wet. Field practice observes a noticeable two-stage decline in wellhead pressure, with pressure drop rates and water content decline rates following the order of neutral reservoir > weakly oil-wet reservoir > oil-wet reservoir during the post-fracturing shut-in stage. Numerical simulations indicate that the determination of the optimal post-fracturing shut-in duration for horizontal wells should consider reservoir properties, wettability, and injection volume. The final optimal shut-in durations for the Huachi and Heshui areas in the reservoir are determined to be 36 days and 43 days, respectively. Our study qualitatively distinguishes the wettability in different pores sizes and thus determines reasonable post-fracturing shut-in durations in different areas in Longdong region. The research has major implication for building a realistic method of wettability analysis in shale or tight oil reservoir.
Injury in Starting and Replacement Players from Five Professional Men’s Rugby Unions
Authors: Roberts Simon P. , Stokes Keith A. , Williams Sean , West Stephen W. , Kemp Simon , Cross Matt , Moore Isabel S. , Bitchell Charlotte Leah , Mathema Prabhat , Quarrie Ken , McDonald Warren , Fortington Lauren , Rubio del Castillo Eduardo , Readhead Clint , Sewry Nicola , Falvey Éanna , Tucker Ross 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the incidence, severity, and burden of injury in starting and replacement players from professional men’s teams of five rugby unions.

Methods
Match injuries of greater than 24 h time-loss (including data on the severity, match quarter, event, body region) and player minutes of match exposure data were collated for all starting and replacement players in the men’s English Premiership, Welsh Pro14 (both 2016/17–2018/19 seasons), and Australian, New Zealand, and South African Super Rugby (all 2016–2018 seasons) teams. Injury incidences and mean injury burden (incidence × days missed) were calculated, and rate ratios (RRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were used to compare injury incidence and burden between starting (reference group) and replacement players.

Results
Overall injury incidence was not different between starters and replacements for all injuries (RR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.88–1.10), nor for concussions (RR = 0.85; 95% CI 0.66–1.11). Mean injury burden was higher for replacement players (RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.17–1.46). Replacement injury incidence was lower than the starters in the third (RR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.92) and fourth (RR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.67–0.92) match quarters. Injury incidence was not different between starters and replacements for any match event or body region, but compared with starters, replacements’ injury burden was higher in lower limbs (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.46) and in the tackled player (RR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.66).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated a lower injury incidence in replacement players compared with starters in the second half of matches, with a higher injury burden for replacement players due to higher mean injury severity.
Development and technology status of energy storage in depleted gas reservoirs
Authors: Wan Jifang , Sun Yangqing , He Yuxian , Ji Wendong , Li Jingcui , Jiang Liangliang , Jurado Maria Jose 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUtilizing energy storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can improve productivity while reducing power costs and is one of the best ways to achieve synergistic development of "Carbon Peak–Carbon Neutral" and "Underground Resource Utilization". Starting from the development of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) technology, the site selection of CAES in depleted gas and oil reservoirs, the evolution mechanism of reservoir dynamic sealing, and the high-flow CAES and injection technology are summarized. It focuses on analyzing the characteristics, key equipment, reservoir construction, application scenarios and cost analysis of CAES projects, and sorting out the technical key points and existing difficulties. The development trend of CAES technology is proposed, and the future development path is scrutinized to provide reference for the research of CAES projects in depleted oil and gas reservoirs.Graphical abstract