bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic vibration cutting of advanced aerospace materials: a critical review of in-service functional performance
Authors: Peng Zhenlong , Han Aowei , Wang Chenlin , Jin Hongru , Zhang Xiangyu 
Published: March 2024

PurposeUnconventional machining processes, particularly ultrasonic vibration cutting (UVC), can overcome such technical bottlenecks. However, the precise mechanism through which UVC affects the in-service functional performance of advanced aerospace materials remains obscure. This limits their industrial application and requires a deeper understanding.Design/methodology/approachThe surface integrity and in-service functional performance of advanced aerospace materials are important guarantees for safety and stability in the aerospace industry. For advanced aerospace materials, which are difficult-to-machine, conventional machining processes cannot meet the requirements of high in-service functional performance owing to rapid tool wear, low processing efficiency and high cutting forces and temperatures in the cutting area during machining.FindingsTo address this literature gap, this study is focused on the quantitative evaluation of the in-service functional performance (fatigue performance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance) of advanced aerospace materials. First, the characteristics and usage background of advanced aerospace materials are elaborated in detail. Second, the improved effect of UVC on in-service functional performance is summarized. We have also explored the unique advantages of UVC during the processing of advanced aerospace materials. Finally, in response to some of the limitations of UVC, future development directions are proposed, including improvements in ultrasound systems, upgrades in ultrasound processing objects and theoretical breakthroughs in in-service functional performance.Originality/valueThis study provides insights into the optimization of machining processes to improve the in-service functional performance of advanced aviation materials, particularly the use of UVC and its unique process advantages.
Contagious resilience – how leaders’ resilient behaviour promotes followers’ resilient behaviour
Authors: Caniëls Marjolein C.J. , Curseu Petru 
Published: March 2024

PurposeLeaders are role models and through social influence processes, they shape the behaviour of their followers. We build on social learning, social identity and person-environment (P-E) fit theories of leadership to explore the association between leaders’ and followers’ resilient behaviours.Design/methodology/approachIn a three-wave, multisource study amongst 269 Dutch leaders and their followers, we investigate the mediating role of coaching in the relationship between leaders’ resilient behaviour and followers’ resilient behaviour and the moderating role of regulatory focus in this mediation path.FindingsOur results show that coaching is a key relational vehicle through which leaders’ resilient behaviours shape employees’ resilient behaviours, and this indirect association is stronger for employees scoring low on promotion focus. In addition, our results show that resilient employees attract more coaching from their leaders, which further strengthens their resilient behaviours.Originality/valueExisting studies have shown the occurrence of trickle-down effects of various leader behaviours, moods and work states on those of their followers. However, it remained obscure whether leaders’ resilient behaviour could trickle down to followers’ as well. Our study shows that such a link indeed exists and that coaching is a relational vehicle that embodies two key mechanisms to (1) foster social learning through behavioural entrainment and contagion and (2) facilitate support provision through which leaders promote resilient behaviour in their followers.
Attitude in a crisis: A new keystone concept in crisis communication leadership
Authors: Graffeo Jonathan , Jin Yan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract‘When people's emotions are at stake, there is the constant need to be seen to engage and connect with them in their hours of need’. This study contributes to the literature on Integrated Crisis Mapping, a stakeholder‐centric crisis communication framework that attunes organisational leaders to the emotional responses and coping needs of their primary publics. Building on Weick's insight about the importance of an attitude of wisdom in making sense of a crisis, the study proposes crisis attitude as a keystone concept to help bridge the gap between theory and practice in crisis communication. The study illustrates the concept with an attitude of humility, explaining how it could be apposite to navigating the dynamics of a crisis and serve a sensegiving function that decreases stakeholders' negative emotions and fosters their trust in leadership.
What factors contribute to the formation of interorganizational collaboration networks: A longitudinal study in response to COVID‐19 emergency
Authors: Wang Fei , Hou Xiaorong , Feng Xianli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the realm of addressing large‐scale emergencies, interorganizational collaboration emerges as a crucial strategy for effectively mitigating crises. However, the existence of institutional and procedural disparities poses significant challenges in establishing collaborative networks among diverse organizations. Moreover, the determinants influencing cooperative formations exhibit heterogeneity across distinct network structures. This research employs proximity theory and the Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM) to comprehensively examine the dynamic evolution of interorganizational collaboration networks. Our primary objective is to investigate the effects of institutional proximity, organizational proximity, geographical proximity and social proximity on the formation of interorganizational collaboration networks. Textual data was meticulously collected from the Wisers database and official websites. The findings underscore the pivotal roles of institutional and organizational proximity in fostering interorganizational collaboration networks, while the impact of geographical proximity is relatively insignificant. Additionally, we delve into the driving factors that influence the formation of diverse structural networks. Social proximity emerges as a significant catalyst for horizontal collaborative networks but impedes the establishment of vertical collaborative relationships. Furthermore, we partition the entire emergency response process into six stages to explore the dynamic evolution characteristics of these networks. The results reveal an overall decentralized structure with a tendency toward clustering in the collaborative network. These findings hold substantial significance as they elucidate the influential factors driving the formation of diverse collaborative networks in a dynamic context. Therefore, this research bears implications for policymakers and practitioners aiming to enhance their emergency response capabilities with optimal efficiency.
Introduction of summer houses into semi‐natural habitats: impacts on ground‐nesting birds
Authors: Pálsdóttir Aldís E. , Alves José A. , Gill Jennifer A. , Pálsson Snæbjörn , Méndez Verónica , Gunnarsson Tómas G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDegradation of natural and semi‐natural habitats is often initiated and facilitated by expansions in anthropogenic infrastructures. Identifying and reducing the impact of anthropogenic structures on the wildlife that these habitats support is vital for biodiversity conservation. In Iceland, the number of summer houses has increased over the past two decades, from ~10 000 to 15 000, and >7000 additional plots for summer house construction have been approved. Most of this housing infrastructure development is in the Icelandic lowlands, which support internationally important populations of several ground‐nesting bird species. To explore the effects of summer house infrastructure on the distribution of ground‐nesting birds, we conducted surveys at 292 points within 71 sites with varying density of houses and associated infrastructure (tracks, decking, etc). Significant reductions in abundance with increasing housing density occurred in five (Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria), Black‐tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa), Redshank (Tringa totanus), Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) and Meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis)) of the seven study species, while one species (Snipe (Gallinago gallinago)) showed no change and one (Redwing (Turdus iliacus)) increased. The differences in abundance between plots with no houses and plots with high house densities (>0.5 houses ha−1) ranged from 34 to 95%, despite the housing infrastructure covering only ~6% of the area of these plots. These findings suggest that even relatively low densities of anthropogenic structures in natural or semi‐natural areas can have substantial impacts on wildlife in the surrounding areas and highlight the urgent need for effective planning regulations to limit the expansion of anthropogenic structures into currently undisturbed habitats, particularly in areas of high biodiversity value.
Service evaluation suggests variation in clinical care provision in adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Doyle Lauren Madden , Ahmed S. Faisal , Davis Jessica , Elford Sue , Elhassan Yasir S. , James Lynette , Lawrence Neil , Llahana Sofia , Okoro Grace , Rees D. Aled , Tomlinson Jeremy W. , O'Reilly Michael W. , Krone Nils P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) encompasses a rare group of autosomal recessive disorders, characterised by enzymatic defects in steroidogenesis. Heterogeneity in management practices has been observed internationally. The International Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia registry (I‐CAH, https://sdmregistries.org/) was established to enable insights into CAH management and outcomes, yet its global adoption by endocrine centres remains unclear.DesignWe sought (1) to assess current practices amongst clinicians managing patients with CAH in the United Kingdom and Ireland, with a focus on choice of glucocorticoid, monitoring practices and screening for associated co‐morbidities, and (2) to assess use of the I‐CAH registry.MeasurementsWe designed and distributed an anonymised online survey disseminated to members of the Society for Endocrinology and Irish Endocrine Society to capture management practices in the care of patients with CAH.ResultsMarked variability was found in CAH management, with differences between general endocrinology and subspecialist settings, particularly in glucocorticoid use, biochemical monitoring and comorbidity screening, with significant disparities in reproductive health monitoring, notably in testicular adrenal rest tumours (TARTs) screening (p = .002), sperm banking (p = .0004) and partner testing for CAH (p < .0001). Adoption of the I‐CAH registry was universally low.ConclusionsDifferences in current management of CAH continue to exist. It appears crucial to objectify if different approaches result in different long‐term outcomes. New studies such as CaHASE2, incorporating standardised minimum datasets including replacement therapies and monitoring strategies as well as longitudinal data collection, are now needed to define best‐practice and standardise care.
Barriers to adopting digital contact tracing for COVID‐19: Experiences in New Zealand
Authors: Elers Phoebe , Emery Tepora , Derrett Sarah , Chambers Tim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDigital contact tracing (DCT) was a central component of the global response to containing COVID‐19. Research has raised concerns that DCT could exacerbate inequities, yet the experiences of diverse communities at greater risk from COVID‐19 are typically underrepresented.MethodsThe present study aimed to understand the perceived barriers to the adoption of the app amongst Māori, Pasifika, and disabled people. Focus groups and interviews were undertaken with Māori, Pasifika, and disability sector stakeholders and community participants.ResultsParticipants (n = 34) generally expressed willingness to utilise DCT and support its adoption within the communities. Simultaneously, participants revealed how the app could marginalise community members who struggled with the usability and those distrusting of the government's COVID‐19 interventions.ConclusionsThe findings highlight how addressing communication inequality can assist in the development of contact‐tracing responses that are both effective and equitable. The study provides insights about the role of information and communication technologies as health resources.Patient or Public ContributionConsulting with members of the target communities was central throughout the present study, including recommendations for potential participants, participation in interviews and sharing early findings for feedback. This study reports on focus groups and interviews with individuals from Māori and disability sectors.
Digital health technologies: Compounding the existing ethical challenges of the ‘right’ not to know
Authors: Armitage Richard C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionDoctors hold a prima facie duty to respect the autonomy of their patients. This manifests as the patient's ‘right’ not to know when patients wish to remain unaware of medical information regarding their health, and poses ethical challenges for good medical practice. This paper explores how the emergence of digital health technologies might impact upon the patient's ‘right’ not to know.MethodThe capabilities of digital health technologies are surveyed and ethical implications of their effects on the ‘right’ not to know are explored.FindingsDigital health technologies are increasingly collecting, processing and presenting medical data as clinically useful information, which simultaneously presents large opportunities for improved health outcomes while compounding the existing ethical challenges generated by the patient's ‘right’ not to know.ConclusionThese digital tools should be designed to include functionality that mitigates these ethical challenges, and allows the preservation of their user's autonomy with regard to the medical information they wish to learn and not learn about.
Single measurement of bowel wall thickness using intestinal ultrasonography in children with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Otani Masano , Okuhira Takeru , Yoden Atsushi , Kaji Emiri , Inoue Keisuke , Aomatsu Tomoki , Takitani Kimitaka , Ashida Akira 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic monitoring of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is important. However, frequent colonoscopic examinations are difficult to perform because of their invasiveness, especially in children. Bowel wall thickness (BWT) measurement using intestinal ultrasonography and fecal calprotectin (FC) measurement are useful noninvasive evaluation methods.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed BWT and FC levels and evaluated the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) using colonoscopy in pediatric patients with UC during the same period. The BWT was evaluated using the maximum BWT (mBWT), which was the maximum value of each colonic BWT; the sum of BWT (sBWT), which was the sum of each colonic BWT; and the sum of the adjusted BWT (saBWT), which was corrected using sBWT.ResultsIn 54 procedures from 40 patients, FC, mBWT, sBWT, and saBWT were significantly different between MES 0–1 and MES 2. The agreement between BWT and MES 2 was 193 out of 216 segments (89.4%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FC were 68.8%, 84.2%, 64.7%, 86.5%, and 79.6% respectively, while those of saBWT were 81.2%, 89.5%, 76.5%, 91.9%, 87.0%, respectively.ConclusionsBWT in each colonic segment, particularly saBWT, was more useful than FC for detecting moderate colonic inflammation (MES 2) in pediatric patients with UC. Therefore, intestinal ultrasonography may be helpful in the less invasive management of pediatric patients with UC.
Mitigating imported fuel dependency in agricultural production: Case study of an island nation's vulnerability to global catastrophic risks
Authors: Boyd Matt , Ragnarsson Sam , Terry Simon , Payne Ben , Wilson Nick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA major global catastrophe would likely disrupt trade in liquid fuels. Countries dependent on imported oil products might struggle to sustain industrial agriculture. Island nations importing 100% of refined fuels are particularly vulnerable. Our case study aimed to estimate the agricultural land area and biofuel volumes needed to feed the population of New Zealand in the absence of trade. Results showed that stored diesel would quickly be exhausted with ordinary use (weeks) and even with strict rationing (months). To preserve fuel, we found that farming wheat (requiring as little as 5.4 million liters [L] of diesel per annum) was more fuel‐efficient than potatoes (12.3) or dairy (38.7) to feed the national population under a climate‐as‐usual scenario. In a nuclear winter scenario, with reduced agricultural yields, proportionately greater diesel is needed. The wheat would require 24% of current grain‐cropped land, and the canola crop used as feedstock for the required biofuel would occupy a further 1%–7%. Investment in canola biodiesel or renewable diesel refineries could ensure supply for the bare minimum agricultural liquid fuel needs. Were subsequent analysis to favor this option as part of a fuels resilience response and as a tradeoff for routine food use, expansion in refining and canola cropping before a catastrophe could be encouraged through market mechanisms, direct government investment, or a combination of these. Logistics of biofuel refining scale‐up, post‐catastrophe, should also be analyzed. Further, biodiesel produced in normal times would help the nation meet its emissions reduction targets. Other countries should conduct similar analyses.
Rage against the machine? Framing societal threat and efficacy in YouTube videos about artificial intelligence
Authors: Schwarz Andreas , Unselt Janina Jacqueline 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has become a part of the mainstream public discourse beyond expert communities about its risks, benefits, and need for regulation. In particular, since 2014, the news media have intensified their coverage of this emerging technology and its potential impact on most domains of society. Although many studies have analyzed traditional media coverage of AI, analyses of social media, especially video‐sharing platforms, are rare. In addition, research from a risk communication perspective remains scarce, despite the widely recognized potential threats to society from many AI applications. This study aims to detect recurring patterns of societal threat/efficacy in YouTube videos, analyze their main sources, and compare detected frames in terms of reach and response. Using a theoretical framework combining framing and risk communication, the study analyzed the societal threat/efficacy attributed to AI in easily accessible YouTube videos published in a year when public attention to AI temporarily peaked (2018). Four dominant AI frames were identified: the balanced frame, the high‐efficacy frame, the high‐threat frame, and the no‐threat frame. The balanced and no‐threat frames were the most prevalent, with predominantly positive and neutral AI narratives that neither adequately address the risks nor the necessary societal response from a normative risk communication perspective. The results revealed the specific risks and benefits of AI that are most frequently addressed. Video views and user engagement with AI videos were analyzed. Recommendations for effective AI risk communication and implications for risk governance were derived from the results.
Can species endure massive introgression? Genomic evidence of asymmetric gene flow in Melitaea butterflies
Authors: Hinojosa Joan C. , Marques Valéria , Mesa Luis Sánchez , Dapporto Leonardo , Dincă Vlad , Vila Roger 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHybridisation and introgression are increasingly seen as important drivers of the evolution of organisms, particularly in Lepidoptera. One group that is gaining attention due to recently published cases of interspecific gene flow is the genus Melitaea Fabricius (Nymphalidae). In this study, we used genomics to investigate the role of hybridisation in the evolution of the western Palearctic species of the Melitaea phoebe group M. ornata Christoph, the recently described M. pseudornata Muñoz Sariot & Sánchez Mesa, M. phoebe (Denis & Schiffermüller), M. punica Oberthür, and M. telona (Fruhstorfer). We provide evidence of asymmetric gene flow from M. phoebe to both M. ornata and M. pseudornata. Gene flow from M. phoebe to M. pseudornata was very high (25.0%–31.9%), widespread throughout the distribution of the latter, and not equally distributed along the genome. The Z chromosome showed patterns compatible with the large‐Z effect, which were mimicked by two autosomes. Melitaea pseudornata endured massive introgression while remaining a separate entity from M. phoebe, although gene flow may have altered its phenotype, including its voltinism and the morphology of the adults and caterpillars. These findings suggest that hybridisation may be pervasive in this genus and highlight its key role in the evolution of butterflies, emphasising the need for further research on this topic.
KU70 and CAF‐1 in Arabidopsis: Divergent roles in rDNA stability and telomere homeostasis
Authors: Závodník Michal , Pavlištová Veronika , Machelová Adéla , Lyčka Martin , Mozgová Iva , Caklová Karolína , Dvořáčková Martina , Fajkus Jiří 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYDeficiency in chromatin assembly factor‐1 (CAF‐1) in plants through dysfunction of its components, FASCIATA1 and 2 (FAS1, FAS2), leads to the specific and progressive loss of rDNA and telomere repeats in plants. This loss is attributed to defective repair mechanisms for the increased DNA breaks encountered during replication, a consequence of impaired replication‐dependent chromatin assembly. In this study, we explore the role of KU70 in these processes. Our findings reveal that, although the rDNA copy number is reduced in ku70 mutants when compared with wild‐type plants, it is not markedly affected by diverse KU70 status in fas1 mutants. This is consistent with our previous characterisation of rDNA loss in fas mutants as a consequence part of the single‐strand annealing pathway of homology‐dependent repair. In stark contrast to rDNA, KU70 dysfunction fully suppresses the loss of telomeres in fas1 plants and converts telomeres to their elongated and heterogeneous state typical for ku70 plants. We conclude that the alternative telomere lengthening pathway, known to be activated in the absence of KU70, overrides progressive telomere loss due to CAF‐1 dysfunction.
Some convexity criteria for differentiable functions on the 2‐Wasserstein space
Authors: Parker Guy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe show that a differentiable function on the 2‐Wasserstein space is geodesically convex if and only if it is also convex along a larger class of curves which we call ‘acceleration‐free’. In particular, the set of acceleration‐free curves includes all generalised geodesics. We also show that geodesic convexity can be characterised through first‐ and second‐order inequalities involving the Wasserstein gradient and the Wasserstein Hessian. Subsequently, such inequalities also characterise convexity along acceleration‐free curves.