bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The beneficial impact of Internet use on the mental well-being among adults aged ≥50 years in 23 countries
Authors: Zhang Qingpeng , Luo Yan , Yip Paul S.F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

As population aging and digital transformation continue worldwide, the Internet is playing an increasingly important role in addressing age-related mental health challenges. However, evidence on the relationship between Internet use and mental well-being among middle-aged and older adults across different countries is limited and inconsistent. Leveraging data from six aging cohorts across 23 high- and middle-income countries, we used linear mixed models and meta-analyses to examine the longitudinal association between baseline Internet use and subsequent mental health outcomes among adults aged ≥50 years (n=87,803). Independent of confounders, Internet use was associated with fewer depressive symptoms (pooled β = -0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.12 to -0.07), higher life satisfaction (pooled β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.09), and better self-reported health (pooled β = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.13 to 0.17). Cross-national differences in the beneficial effect of Internet use were observed and could be partially explained by country-level factors, such as gross domestic product per capita and world happiness index. The protective role of Internet use varied in different subpopulations within a country and was identified across people with different genetic risks. A higher frequency and an additional wave of Internet use were also related to improved mental health. These findings could provide significant implications for public health policies and practices in promoting mental well-being in later life through the Internet. Internet use can provide great benefits for mental health of older adults, especially in countries with limited Internet access and mental health services.
Carbon enrichment enhances photosynthetic efficiency of yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) under low light conditions
Authors: Ravi Velumani , Pushpaleela Ancy , Raju Saravanan , Gangadharan Byju , More Sanket J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Physiological responses and agricultural crop fecundity are significantly impacted due to contrasting sky conditions. Here we report the impact of the combined effect of varying photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and elevated carbon dioxide on the photosynthetic responses of yam bean. We found that limited PPFD down-regulated the photosynthetic activity whereas the fertilization effect of CO2 enrichment alleviated the negative impact of limiting PPFD. The mean photosynthetic rates increased linearly and significantly across PPFD. Notably, the quantum of increment of mean photosynthetic rate across increasing PPFD was significantly higher at 600 and 800 ppm CO2 in comparison to 400 ppm and 1000 ppm due to the acclimation effect of carbon enrichment at 1000 ppm. Irrespective of the PPFD, the mean stomatal conductance (gs) rate remained high at 600, 800 and 1000 ppm in comparison to 400 ppm. As a general trend, at all CO2 levels, the mean gs increased significantly up to 50-1000 µmol m− 2 s− 1 PPFD followed by a slight down-regulation at 1200–1500 µmol m− 2 s− 1 PPFD. A similar trend was observed in the case of intracellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) and the ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca). As an effect of CO2 fertilization, the mean transpiration rate (E) increased linearly and significantly across all PPFD and CO2 concentrations. Our results suggest that the down-regulated photosynthesis of yam bean under cloudy conditions or limited PPFD will benefit from ECO2.
The Attitudes and Knowledge of Family Physicians Regarding Malnutrition in The Elderly: A Call for Action
Authors: Sheffer-Hilel Galia , Kachal Josefa , Biderman Aya , Shahar Danit Rivka , Amar Shimon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Malnutrition in the elderly places a significant burden on healthcare, social, and aged-care systems, yet it often remains undiagnosed and untreated. This study aims to evaluate family physicians' knowledge and attitudes towards the diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition in the elderly.
Methods
Based on a literature review, an online questionnaire was developed, comprised of seven knowledge-related items and eight attitude-related questions regarding malnutrition in elderly populations. We also assessed the feasibility of including two malnutrition screening questions in regular clinic visits for individuals aged ≥ 70 years.
Results
Surveys were completed by 126 physicians (35% response rate), mean age 47.2 ± 12.6 years; 15.6 ± 12.5 years of practice; 67% females; and 92% board-certified family physicians. Moreover, 77.6% agreed that diagnosing malnutrition is important in patients with decreased appetite. Most respondents demonstrated knowledge of nutritional screening principles (63.5%) and recognized that even obese elderly individuals could be malnourished (83.2%). There was partial agreement (60%) that normal BMI values in the elderly differ from those in younger populations. Almost complete agreement was seen for incorporating two nutritional status questions in medical visits (91%), with physicians expressing willingness to receive training in malnutrition identification and screening tools. Despite challenges such as time constraints and limited knowledge, participants were open to conducting biannual malnutrition risk screening for elderly patients.
Conclusion
We therefore recommend malnutrition diagnosis based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and utilizing existing medical records, into primary care practices. This could be further enhanced through artificial intelligence, increasing awareness of malnutrition among family physicians.
Predictors factors of COVID-19-associated mortality in dialysis patients: Importance of nutritional status
Authors: Russo Nathalia Giugliano , Gabriel Bárbara Bárbara Pacheco , Gouveia Juliana Venanzi , Rodrigues Ana Lúcia Chalhoub Chediác , Machado Silmara Rodrigues , Severine Ariane Nadolskis , Luders Claudio , Junior José Mauro Vieira 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Patients with comorbidities, such as chronic renal disease, are susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection. Dialysis patients have a high prevalence of malnutrition, and it has been demonstrated association between nutritional status and several unfavorable outcomes in this population. The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status through Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS) and phase angle (PhA), along with demographic and biochemical indicators and verify whether they are predictive variables of outcomes in dialysis patients with COVID-19 infection.
Methods
An observational, retrospective, cross sectional type study was undertaken in a Nephrology and Dialysis center in a tertiary hospital at São Paulo city. We evaluated data from EMR from 37 dialysis patients who had COVID-19 infection (RT-PCR) between march 2020 and december 2021. A Logistic regression was used in order to evaluate risk factors associated with mortality. Then we compared with a cohort of 31 dialysis patients infected with COVID-19 in the post-vaccionation period.
Results
Regarding MIS, age, and phase angle (PhA), we observed that for each unit increase in MIS previously to COVID-19 infection, there was a 30% increase in mortality risk (adj OR = 1.3, CI 1.0-1.8, p = 0.068) and that patients above 65 years had 8 times higher chance to die (adj OR = 8.8, CI 0.8–102, p = 0.082). Yet, for each unit increase in PhA, there was a 50% decrease in death risk (adj OR = 0.5, IC 0.2–1.1, p = 0.097), although no significance was found after logistic regression. After immunization, we found a attenuation of impact of nutritional status after COVID-19 infection, as demonstrated by a small, non-significant increase in MIS score, and with a low hospitalization need and no death.
Conclusions
The present study demonstrated a trend that age is the main variable determining outcomes of COVID-19 infection in dialysis patients. Besides that, we demonstrated the importance of nutritional status (MIS e PhA), since it appears to increase mortality risk when baseline nutritional status is worse and compromised after the COVID-19 infection, which was clearly abrogated with vaccination.
Major alteration of Lung Microbiome and the Host Reaction in critically ill COVID-19 Patients with high viral load
Authors: Bustos Ingrid G. , Wiscovitch-Russo Rosana , Singh Harinder , Sievers Benjamín L. , Matsuoka Michele , Freire Marcelo , Tan Gene S. , Cala Mónica P. , Guerrero Jose L. , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Gonzalez-Juarbe Norberto , Reyes Luis Felipe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with COVID-19 under invasive mechanical ventilation are at higher risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), associated with increased healthcare costs, and unfavorable prognosis. The underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been thoroughly dissected. Therefore, this study attempted to bridge this gap by performing a lung microbiota analysis and evaluating the host immune responses that could drive the development of VAP.
Materials and methods
In this prospective cohort study, mechanically ventilated patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Nasal swabs (NS), endotracheal aspirates (ETA), and blood samples were collected initially within 12 hours of intubation and again at 72 hours post-intubation. Plasma samples underwent cytokine and metabolomic analyses, while NS and ETA samples were sequenced for lung microbiome examination. The cohort was categorized based on the development of VAP. Data analysis was conducted using RStudio version 4.3.1.
Results
In a study of 36 COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation, significant differences were found in the nasal and pulmonary microbiome, notably in Staphylococcus and Enterobacteriaceae, linked to VAP. Patients with VAP showed a higher SARS-CoV-2 viral load, elevated neutralizing antibodies, and reduced inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-δ, IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL4. Metabolomic analysis revealed changes in 22 metabolites in non-VAP patients and 27 in VAP patients, highlighting D-Maltose-Lactose, Histidinyl-Glycine, and various phosphatidylcholines, indicating a metabolic predisposition to VAP.
Conclusions
This study reveals a critical link between respiratory microbiome alterations and ventilator-associated pneumonia in COVID-19 patients, with elevated SARS-CoV-2 levels and metabolic changes, providing novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of VAP with potential management and prevention implications.
Response of biochar-amended clayey soils to water infiltration
Authors: Li Juan , Shen Jianglong , Ye Shenglan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Biochar is an effective clayey raw soils improver. The difference of the amount of biochar added will cause the difference of soil water infiltration. The effects of mass addition ratios of five types of biochar (B0, B5, B10, B15 and B20) on the migration distance of soil wet front, cumulative infiltration and water holding capacity were studied through laboratory soil column simulation experiments. The soil water infiltration process was simulated as well with R2of 0.992, using Philip model, Horton model and Kostiakov model, respectively. The results demonstrate that the initial infiltration rate, stable infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration volume decrease with the increase of biochar addition and provide a reference of biochar utilization to improve soil hydraulic properties and moisture infiltration performance of clayey raw soils.
Prognostic value of anticoagulants in resectable gastric cancer
Authors: Wei Yanqiang , Li Wenxing , Lin Jinhe , Wang Danfang , Dang Chengxue , Diao Dongmei , Zhang Xin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: The safety and feasibility of perioperative anticoagulation remains unclear and controversial. In this study, we aim to explored whether postoperative anticoagulation can improve long-term survival in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy.
Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 1486 patients diagnosed with primary gastric cancer (GC) and undergoing radical resection in our medical center between January 2015 and February 2018. Patients were grouped into anticoagulation group and non-anticoagulation group based on postoperative anticoagulant therapy, and clinicopathological features were collected and compared. The correlation between parameters and survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate COX regression models. Forest plots were constructed based on subgroup analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
Results: Among the 1486 patients, 513 (34.5%) received postoperative anticoagulation therapy. In multivariate survival analysis, non-anticoagulation significantly reduced overall survival (OS), but not disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, elevated plasma CEA, CA19-9, lower erythrocyte and lymphocyte counts, and advanced N stage were also shown to be independent poor prognostic factors for OS, and they were also independent prognostic factors for DFS, in addition to lymphocyte counts.
Conclusions: Anticoagulation therapy after radical gastrectomy can significantly improve the OS of GC patients.
Factors Associated and Immediate Adverse Neonatal Outcomes of Primary Cesarean Section among Multiparous Mothers Delivered at Lira Regional Referral Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Omiat Denis Dickson , Kasujja Musa , Okello Maxwel , Okilipa Moses Emokol , Eilu Emmanuel , Okello James 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Title:
Factors Associated and Immediate Adverse Neonatal Outcomes of Primary Cesarean Section among Multiparous Mothers Delivered at Lira Regional Referral Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study.
Introduction:
The increasing prevalence of primary cesarean sections (CSs) among multiparous mothers has sparked substantial concern within the medical community. This study investigated the prevalence, associated factors, and immediate adverse neonatal outcomes of primary CS among multiparous mothers, with a focus on patients who delivered at Lira Regional Referral Hospital (LRRH).
Methods
Data were gathered from 321 multiparous mothers who gave birth at LRRH using an extensive research methodology. This study utilized both methodical medical record reviews and structured interviews to gather information on sociodemographic traits, obstetric history, and immediate neonatal outcomes. By using both bivariate and multivariate analyses, this research examined the variables that affect the probability of primary CS.
Results
The prevalence of primary CS among multiparous mothers was determined to be 22%. Fetal malpresentation (25.8%) and unsatisfactory fetal heart rate tracing (24.6%) emerged as the primary reasons for primary CS. This study revealed immediate adverse neonatal outcomes in 29.6% of patients, including low Apgar scores (54.6%) and neonatal intensive care unit admissions (36.4%). Significant associations were identified between primary CS and factors including marital status, history of hypertension, and history of diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion
This study provides vital insights into the prevalence, associated factors, and immediate adverse neonatal outcomes of primary CS among multiparous mothers at LRRH. The findings underscore the need for informed decision-making in obstetric care, aiming to reduce primary CS rates and enhance neonatal well-being.
Machine-Learning-guided recognition of α and β cells from label-free infrared micrographs of living human islets of Langerhans
Authors: Azzarello Fabio , Carli Francesco , De Lorenzi Valentina , Tesi Marta , Marchetti Piero , Beltram Fabio , Raimondi Francesco , Cardarelli Francesco 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Human islets of Langerhans are composed mostly of glucagon-secreting α cells and insulin-secreting β cells intermingled throughout the islet with no clear order of distribution. Current methods for identifying α and β cells involve either fixing islets and using immunostaining or disaggregating islets and employing flow cytometry for classifying α and β cells based on their size and autofluorescence. Neither approach, however, allows investigating the dynamic behavior of α and β cells in a living and intact islet. To tackle this issue, we present a machine-learning-based strategy applied directly to label-free infrared micrographs of living human islets. Intrinsic autofluorescence is stimulated by infrared light and collected both in intensity and lifetime in the visible range, dominated by NAD(P)H and lipofuscin signals. Descriptive parameters are derived from micrographs for ~ 103 cells. These parameters are used as input for a boosted decision-tree model (XGBoost) pre-trained with immunofluorescence-derived cell-type information. The model displays an optimized-metrics performance of 0.86 (i.e. area under a ROC curve), with an associated precision of 0.94 for the recognition of β cells and 0.75 for α cells. This tool promises to enable longitudinal studies on the dynamic behavior of individual cell types at single-cell resolution within the intact tissue.
UHPLC-HRMS-Based Multiomics to Explore the Potential Mechanism and Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Xuancheng , Guan Xuan , Tong Ying , Liang Yunxiao , Huang Zongsheng , Wen Mingsen , Luo Jichu , Chen Hongwei , Yang Shanyi , She Zhiyong , Wei Zhijuan , Zhou Yun , Qi Yali , Zhu Pingchuan , Nong Yanying , Zhang Qisong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Understanding the metabolic changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial for elucidating its pathogenesis and early monitoring, thereby reducing mortality. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the metabolic changes and differences of CRC cells at different stages. Furthermore, studies validating multiomics findings in the serum of CRC patients using cell models have not yet been published.
Methods
Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS)-based metabolomics and lipidomics were employed to comprehensively measure metabolites and lipids in CRC cells at four different stages and serum samples from normal control (NR) and CRC subjects. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to select the differential metabolites and lipids between groups. Biomarkers with good diagnostic efficacy for CRC that existed in both cells and serum were screened by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Furthermore, potential biomarkers were validated using metabolite standards.
Results
Metabolite and lipid profiles differed significantly among CRC cells at stages A, B, C, and D. Dysregulation of glycerophospholipid (GPL), fatty acid (FA), and amino acid (AA) metabolism played a crucial role in the CRC progression, particularly GPL metabolism dominated by phosphatidylcholine (PC). A total of 46 differential metabolites and 29 differential lipids common to the four stages of CRC cells were discovered. Eight metabolites showed the same trends in CRC cells and serum from CRC patients compared to the control groups. Among them, palmitoylcarnitine and sphingosine could serve as potential biomarkers with the values of area under the curve (AUC) more than 0.80 in the serum and cells. Their panel exhibited excellent performance in discriminating CRC cells at different stages from normal cells (AUC = 1.00).
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first research to attempt to further validate the results of metabolism studies of serum from CRC patients using cell models. The metabolic disorders of PC, FA, and AA were closely related to the tumorigenesis of CRC, with PC being the more critical factor. The panel composed of palmitoylcarnitine and sphingosine may act as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC, aiding in its prevention.
Evaluation of Exploratory Fluid Biomarker Results from a Phase 1 Senolytic Trial in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Orr Miranda , Garbarino Valentina , Palavicini Juan , Melendez Justin , Barthélemy Nicolas , He Yingxin , Kautz Tiffany , Lopez-Cruzan Marisa , Mathews Julia , Xu Peng , Zhang Bin , Saliba Afaf , Ragi Nagarjunachary , Sharma Kumar , Craft Suzanne , Petersen Ronald (C.) , Espindola-Netto Jair , Xue Ailing , Tchkonia Tamara , Kirkland James , Seshadri Sudha , Salardini Arash , Musi Nicolas , Bateman Randall , Gonzales Mitzi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Senescent cell accumulation contributes to the progression of age-related disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Clinical trials evaluating senolytics, drugs that clear senescent cells, are underway, but lack standardized outcome measures. Our team recently published data from the first open-label trial to evaluate senolytics (dasatinib plus quercetin) in AD. After 12-weeks of intermittent treatment, we reported brain exposure to dasatinib, favorable safety and tolerability, and modest post-treatment changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory and AD biomarkers using commercially available assays. Herein, we present more comprehensive exploratory analyses of senolytic associated changes in AD relevant proteins, metabolites, lipids, and transcripts measured across blood, CSF, and urine. These analyses included mass spectrometry for precise quantification of amyloid beta (Aß) and tau in CSF; immunoassays to assess senescence associated secretory factors in plasma, CSF, and urine; mass spectrometry analysis of urinary metabolites and lipids in blood and CSF; and transcriptomic analyses relevant to chronic stress measured in peripheral blood cells. Levels of Aß and tau species remained stable. Targeted cytokine and chemokine analyses revealed treatment-associated increases in inflammatory plasma fractalkine and MMP-7 and CSF IL-6. Urinary metabolites remained unchanged. Modest treatment-associated lipid profile changes suggestive of decreased inflammation were observed both peripherally and centrally. Blood transcriptomic analysis indicated downregulation of inflammatory genes including FOS, FOSB, IL1β, IL8, JUN, JUNB, PTGS2. These data provide a foundation for developing standardized outcome measures across senolytic studies and indicate distinct biofluid-specific signatures that will require validation in future studies.
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04063124.
GhGASA14 regulates the flowering time of upland cotton in response to GA3
Authors: Li Ying , yuan Wenmin , Peng Jialuo , Ju Jisheng , Ling Pingjie , Guo Xuefeng , Yang Junning , Ma Qi , Lin Hai , Li Jilian , Wang Caixiang , Su Junji 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA), a gibberellin-regulated short amino acid family, has been extensively investigated in several plant species and found to be critical for plant growth and development. However, limited research has been reported in cotton. In this study, we identified 38 GhGASAs that were dispersed across 18 chromosomes in upland cotton, and all of these genes had a GASA core domain. Transcriptome expression patterns and qRT‒PCR results revealed that GhGASA9 and GhGASA14 exhibited upregulated expression not only in the floral organs but also in the leaves of early-maturity cultivars. The two genes were further functionally characterized by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and the budding and flowering times after silencing the target genes were later than those of the control (TRV:00). Exogenous application of GA3 made the flowering period of the different fruiting branches more concentrated compared with that of the water-treated group (MOCK). Interestingly, allelic variation was detected in the coding sequence of GhGASA14 between early‐maturing and late‐maturing accessions, and the frequency of this favorable allele was greater in high-latitude cotton varieties than in low-latitude ones. Additionally, a significant linear relationship was observed between the expression level of GhGASA14 and flowering time among the 12 upland cotton accessions. Taken together, these results indicated that GhGASA14 may positively regulate flowering time and respond to GA3. These findings could lead to the use of valuable genetic resources for breeding early‐maturing cotton varieties in the future.