bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiologic Features of Vocal Fatigue: Electromyographic Spectral‐Compression in Laryngeal Muscles
Authors: Boucher Victor J. , Ahmarani Christian , Ayad Tareck 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectives: This study addresses the problem of defining observable attributes of “vocal fatigue” as a physiologic condition. The aim was to determine the applicability of electromyography (EMG) spectral compression in observing fatigue in laryngeal muscles arising from prolonged vocal effort.Study Design: Single institution, nonrandomized, prospective analysis of subjects evaluated in an academic, tertiary care center.Methods: In adapting EMG techniques, we report pretest observations that bear on the choice of voicing tasks serving to induce and estimate muscle fatigue and the selection of muscles that are particularly involved in effortful vocalization. On this basis, an experiment was designed where intramuscular EMG was used to record lateral cricoarytenoid potentials of seven subjects at regular intervals across a 12 to 14 hour period (50 samples per subject). Between each of these samples, the participants were required to produce loud speech for 3 minutes with peaks of 74 dBA at 1 meter.Results: The results show fatigue‐related spectral compression for all subjects and nonlinear changes across time indicating critical values beyond which fatigue is persistent.Conclusion: Spectral compression appears to present a robust attribute of fatigue‐related changes in muscles involved in vocalization. There are several implications with respect to research on the prevention of acquired voice pathologies.
Dural Defect Repair with Fascia by a CO2 Laser System in a Porcine Model
Authors: Forer Boaz , Vasilyev Tamar , Brosh Tamar , Kariv Naam , Trejo Leonor Leider , Gil Ziv , Katzir Abraham , Fliss Dan M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHypothesis/Objectives: We tested the effectiveness of a temperature‐controlled CO2 laser soldering system on a porcine model for dural defect reconstruction using a fascial patch.Methods: A dural patch was excised and then reconstructed with fascia by a CO2 laser system in vitro in 27 animals and in vivo in five animals.Results: After dural reconstruction, the average burst pressure of the soldered patch in vitro, as measured by a custom‐made pressure detector, was 258.5 cm H2O. All five pigs in the in vivo group showed no neurological complications or cerebrospinal fluid leak, and the underlying brain tissue showed no thermal injury.Conclusion: The CO2 laser system created a watertight bond and did not cause thermal injury to the brain. The procedure is potentially faster than conventional repair, and wound healing may also be more rapid.
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Young Patients: A Systematic Review of Racial Demographics
Authors: Cannon Trinitia , Zanation Adam M. , Lai Victor , Weissler Mark C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate patients 25 years of age or younger who were treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Study Design: Retrospective review, systematic literature review.Methods: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in the Western world. In people younger than 30 years, it is even less common, with an incidence of 1 to 2 per million. This retrospective study was designed to analyze the outcomes of patients 25 years of age or younger who were treated for NPC at a tertiary care academic medical center. Between November 1982 and December 2004, 15 patients meeting the above criteria were treated. These patients form the basis for this report. A systematic review of all NPC trials published in the United States since 1990 was done and the results compared with those of our cohort.Results: Young African Americans represented 67% of the 15 cases seen at our institution and between 55% and 67% of the patients in the United States. With a mean follow‐up of 5.36 years, disease‐free survival and overall survival rates were 67% and 87%, respectively. Locoregional control was excellent after treatment with cisplatin‐based combination chemoradiotherapy; however, four patients (27%) developed distant metastasis. Despite this, no patients died of disease. Toxicity was significant but manageable, and retreatment met with good success.Conclusions: In patients 25 years of age or younger, NPC is more common in African Americans. This may represent a genetic and racial predisposition of this unusual disease in the United States. Late‐stage presentations and distant recurrences are common. Platinum‐based combination chemoradiotherapy and aggressive management of metastatic disease, however, is associated with good long‐term survival. Further study of the possibly changing epidemiology and racial genetics of this unusual tumor is warranted.
Pretreatment, Preoperative Swallowing Exercises May Improve Dysphagia Quality of Life
Authors: Kulbersh Brian Daniel , Rosenthal Eben L. , McGrew Benjamin M. , Duncan Ryan D. , McColloch Nancy L. , Carroll William R. , Magnuson J S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectives: Dysphagia is commonly associated with head and neck cancer treatment. Traditional dysphagia management strategies focus on post‐treatment therapy. This study evaluated the utility of pretreatment swallowing exercises in improving post‐treatment swallowing quality of life (QOL).Study Design: Prospective cohort study and cross‐sectional QOL analysis.Methods: This study includes 37 patients who underwent primary radiation or combined chemoradiation treatment for newly diagnosed hypopharyngeal, laryngeal, or oropharyngeal primary tumors at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Of the 37, 25 patients underwent swallowing exercises beginning 2 weeks prior to the start of radiation. The M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) was administered an average of 14 months after treatment to assess the success of the protocol. Analysis of QOL scores related to gender, primary site, stage, and race were obtained.Results: Patients who performed pretreatment swallowing exercises (n = 25) showed improvement in the overall MDADI score (P = .0002) compared to the control population (n = 12) who underwent post‐treatment therapy. Furthermore, a separate analysis of individual domains of the MDADI (global, emotional, functional, and physical) demonstrated improved quality of life.Conclusions: Implementation of pretreatment swallowing education and exercise may improve dysphagia‐specific QOL in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation and/or chemoradiation therapy.
Effect of naproxen on gastric acid secretion and gastric pH
Authors: RODRIGUEZ‐STANLEY S. , REDINGER N. , MINER P. B. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryBackgroundThe mechanisms for the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced inflammation in the stomach are unclear.AimsTo determine if naproxen (Naprosyn, Roche, Nutley, NJ, USA) alters basal acid output, pentagastrin‐stimulated maximal acid output, or fasting gastrin.MethodsBasal acid output and maximal acid output gastric aspirations were performed pre‐naproxen and 7 days post‐naproxen 500 mg b.d. in 24 healthy subjects. Volume, pH and acid mEq were determined. Fasting gastrin was obtained. Comparisons were made using paired t‐tests (α = 0.05).ResultsDosing with naproxen did not statistically decrease mean pH of the basal acid output gastric fluid (3.3 vs. 3.1; N.S.) or the pentagastrin‐stimulated maximal acid output gastric fluid (2.7 vs. 2.6; N.S.). Basal acid output total volume was significantly decreased post‐naproxen (84 vs. 61 mL/h; P = 0.01), with no change in maximal acid output total volume (196 vs. 188 mL/h; N.S.). Basal acid output mean gastric acidity was significantly increased post‐naproxen (0.04 vs. 0.05 mEq/mL; P = 0.03), with no change in maximal acid output mean gastric acidity after naproxen (0.10 vs. 0.10; N.S.). Gastrin was not altered by dosing with naproxen.ConclusionsNaproxen does not influence total acid secreted but does decrease basal gastric fluid volume, thereby increasing basal gastric acid concentration. These observations define one mechanism by which non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs may induce gastric injury.
Comparison of a monoclonal with a polyclonal antibody‐based enzyme immunoassay stool test in diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection before and after eradication therapy
Authors: DOMÍNGUEZ J. , FORNÉ M. , BLANCO S. , PRAT C. , GALÍ N. , LATORRE I. , VIVER J. M. , AUSINA V. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryBackgroundDetection of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool samples has been a subject of controversy. However, it has been included in several clinical guidelines as a recommended non‐invasive testing procedure in dyspeptic patients.AimTo compare a monoclonal enzyme immunoassay for detection of H. pylori stool antigen (Amplified IDEIA HpStAR, DakoCytomation) with a polyclonal enzyme immunoassay (HpSA test, Premier Platinum HpSA, Meridian Diagnostics) in diagnosing infection and in determining H. pylori status after eradication treatment.MethodsWe evaluated stool samples of 198 patients diagnosed with H. pylori infection and of 41 patients without infection. The results of the monoclonal enzyme immunoassay HpStAR were compared with those of the polyclonal enzyme immunoassay HpSA.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of HpStAR were 91.9% and 70.7%, while those of HpSA were 89.4% and 80.5%, respectively. In the 126 patients evaluated 6 weeks after eradication therapy, the overall agreement between urea breath test and HpStAR was 90.5% (P = 0.710) and between urea breath test and HpSA was 76.9% (P = 0.410).ConclusionsHpStAR is a rapid and easy‐to‐perform test with similar sensitivity to HpSA in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, although it had lower specificity. In contrast, HpStAR is more accurate after eradication therapy than HpSA.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) inhibits the intestinal-like differentiation of monocytes
Authors: Spoettl T , Hausmann M , Herlyn M , Gunckel M , Dirmeier A , Falk W , Herfarth H , Schoelmerich J , Rogler G 
Published: June 2006

SummaryMonocytes (MO) migrating into normal, non-inflamed intestinal mucosa undergo a specific differentiation resulting in a non-reactive, tolerogenic intestinal macrophage (IMAC). Recently we demonstrated the differentiation of MO into an intestinal-like macrophage (MAC) phenotype in vitro in a three-dimensional cell culture model (multi-cellular spheroid or MCS model). In the mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in addition to normal IMAC, a reactive MAC population as well as increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is found. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of MCP-1 on the differentiation of MO into IMAC. MCS were generated from adenovirally transfected HT-29 cells overexpressing MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha (MIP-3α) or non-transfected controls and co-cultured with freshly elutriated blood MO. After 7 days of co-culture MCS were harvested, and expression of the surface antigens CD33 and CD14 as well as the intracellular MAC marker CD68 was determined by flow-cytometry or immunohistochemistry. MCP-1 and MIP-3α expression by HT-29 cells in the MCS was increased by transfection at the time of MCS formation. In contrast to MIP-3α, MCP-1 overexpression induced a massive migration of MO into the three-dimensional aggregates. Differentiation of IMAC was disturbed in MCP-1-transfected MCS compared to experiments with non-transfected control aggregates, or the MIP-3α-transfected MCS, as indicated by high CD14 expression of MO/IMAC cultured inside the MCP-1-transfected MCS, as shown by immunohistochemistry and FACS analysis. Neutralization of MCP-1 was followed by an almost complete absence of monocyte migration into the MCS. MCP-1 induced migration of MO into three-dimensional spheroids generated from HT-29 cells and inhibited intestinal-like differentiation of blood MO into IMAC. It may be speculated that MCP-1 could play a role in the disturbed IMAC differentiation in IBD mucosa.
Effects of alveolar macrophage depletion on liposomal vaccine protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Authors: Benoit A , Huang Y , Proctor J , Rowden G , Anderson R 
Published: June 2006

SummaryLittle is known about the identities and roles of antigen-presenting cells upon exposure to antigens of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Here, we focused on elucidating the importance of alveolar macrophages in conferring protective immunity in mice administered a liposome-encapsulated recombinant fragment of the RSV G protein. Mice were depleted of alveolar macrophages by intranasal inoculation of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylenediphosphonic acid (DMDP). Mice depleted of alveolar macrophages prior to immunization developed reduced levels of serum RSV-neutralizing antibody and showed dramatically impaired protection against RSV challenge. The severity of interstitial inflammation was also markedly reduced in macrophage-depleted mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a pivotal role for alveolar macrophages during exposure to liposome-encapsulated RSV antigen in initiating both protective and histopathological responses against RSV.
Glucocorticoid metabolism within superficial subcutaneous rather than visceral adipose tissue is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome in South African women
Authors: Goedecke J. H. , Wake D. J. , Levitt N. S. , Lambert E. V. , Collins M. R. , Morton N. M. , Andrew R. , Seckl J. R. , Walker B. R. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryObjective  Glucocorticoid hyperactivity in adipose tissue, due to up‐regulation of local glucocorticoid reactivation by 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase‐1 (11HSD1) or of glucocorticoid receptors (GR), may underpin susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome. This hypothesis has been tested extensively in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) but inadequately in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The aim of the study was therefore to examine expression of 11HSD1, GRα and hexose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH), which supplies cofactor for 11HSD1, in abdominal adipose tissue compartments and to characterize their relation to metabolic syndrome parameters.Design and subjects  A cross‐sectional study including 26 premenopausal South African women.Measurements  Biopsies were taken for measurement of mRNA levels by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and 11HSD1 activity from VAT, and deep and superficial SAT compartments during elective surgery. Prior to surgery, blood pressure, blood lipid profile, body composition [by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan], body fat distribution [by computed tomography (CT) scan], and glucose tolerance were determined.Results  11HSD1 activity (P < 0·01) was higher in VAT than SAT, but 11HSD1 and GRα mRNA levels were not statistically different between compartments. 11HSD1 mRNA levels in superficial SAT correlated with VAT volume (R = 0·57, P < 0·01), insulin sensitivity calculated from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (R = –0·52, P < 0·016) and blood pressure (R = 0·48, P < 0·016). Apart from a correlation between deep SAT 11HSD1 activity and blood pressure (R = 0·72, P < 0·01), glucocorticoid action in deep SAT and VAT depots was not significantly associated with any metabolic syndrome parameters.Conclusion  Increased capacity for glucocorticoid regeneration in superficial SAT but not VAT is associated with visceral adiposity and other features of the metabolic syndrome in women.
Genetic features of the X chromosome affect pubertal development and testicular degeneration in adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Wikström Anne M. , Painter Jodie N. , Raivio Taneli , Aittomäki Kristiina , Dunkel Leo 
Published: June 2006

SummaryObjective To investigate how genetic features of the X chromosome influence growth, pubertal development and testicular degeneration in adolescent boys with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). Previous studies have suggested that genetic features of the X chromosome may contribute to the wide phenotypic variation in KS.Design A prospective clinical study.Patients Fourteen nonmosaic 47,XXY boys, aged 10–13·9 years.Measurements The relationship of genetic features of the X chromosome, including parental origin of X chromosomes, the CAG repeat length of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, and X inactivation with progression of pubertal development, growth and testicular function in KS boys.Results Paternal (47,XmXpY,n = 3) as compared to maternal (47,XmXmY,n = 11) origin of the supernumerary X chromosome was associated with a later onset of puberty. In 47,XmXpY patients, serum LH concentrations increased above 1·0 IU/l at 12·5 ± 0·6 years (mean ± SD), Tanner stage P2 occurred at 12·5 ± 0·7 years, and pubertal acceleration of growth was noted at 13·9 ± 1·4 years and peak velocity at 14·5 ± 0·8 years. All of these occurred 1·3–1·9 years later than in 47,XmXmY patients (P = 0·01–0·09). In 47,XmXmY subjects, CAG repeat length (range 17–26) correlated with age at which serum LH level first exceeded 1·0 IU/l (rs = 0·63,P = 0·06,n = 10) and testosterone 1·0 nmol/l (28·8 ng/dl) (rs = 0·78,P = 0·02,n = 10).Conclusions Paternal origin of the supernumerary X chromosome is associated with later onset of puberty and longer CAG repeats of theARwith later pubertal reactivation of the pituitary–testicular axis in KS boys. Identifying genetic factors that affect the phenotype may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of KS.
Sleep apnoea and quality of life in growth hormone (GH)‐deficient adults before and after 6 months of GH replacement therapy
Authors: Peker Y. , Svensson J. , Hedner J. , Grote L. , Johannsson G. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryObjective  To investigate the sleep architecture and breathing as well as quality of life (QoL) in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) before and 6 months after GH replacement therapy.Design  A prospective observational study.Patients  Nineteen consecutive adults with GHD (11 men, eight women; mean age 53, range 21–73 years) were studied.Measurements  An overnight sleep study was performed and the Minor Symptom Evaluation Profile (MSEP), Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), Short Form 36 (SF‐36) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaires were applied at baseline and after the treatment period.Results  For the whole group, there were no significant changes in mean total sleep time (TST; 370 min vs. 374 min), proportion of slow‐wave sleep (SWS; 17·8%vs. 18·4%) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (12·1%vs. 13·9%) on GH replacement. Mean apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) was high and remained unchanged (28·2/h before vs. 28·0/h following GH replacement). Twelve patients (63%) were found to have obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA; AHI ≥ 10/h) at baseline. Compared with GH‐deficient patients without OSA (AHI 3·9/h), the OSA patients (AHI 42·4/h) had less SWS (11·4%vs. 28·6%, P = 0·010) and REM sleep (10·1%vs. 15·5%, P = 0·036). A marginal increase was observed in REM sleep time (10·1% before vs. 12·7% after GH; P = 0·048) while SWS was unchanged in this group. Moreover, MSEP for General Well‐being and Responsiveness, FOSQ scores for General Productivity, Activity Level and Vigilance as well as SF‐36 domains for Vitality and Mental Health were improved.Conclusions  Contrary to some previous observations in a smaller group of patients, our data suggest that GH therapy does not induce or aggravate OSA in GH‐deficient adults. Moreover, GH therapy may improve some of the QoL dimensions in these patients.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose
Authors: McCallum Roland W. , Parameswaran Venkat , Burgess John R. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryObjective  Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by primary hyperparathyroidism, pituitary neoplasia and foregut lineage neuroendocrine tumours. It has also been associated with premature cardiovascular death. As diabetes is a risk factor for increased cardiovascular mortality we investigated the prevalence and clinical correlates of glycaemic abnormalities in a large MEN 1 kindred.Patients and design  The glycaemic status of 72 MEN 1 affected and 133 unaffected members of a single large MEN 1 pedigree was assessed. Fasting glucose results were categorized and compared using WHO criteria. Associations between glycaemic status and MEN 1 phenotype were assessed.Results  Thirteen (18·1%) patients with MEN 1 compared to 5 (3·8%) control patients were diabetic (P < 0·001). Six (8·3%) MEN 1 patients had impaired fasting glucose compared to 4 (3%) of controls (P < 0·05). Of patients with MEN 1, uncontrolled hypercalcaemia (P < 0·05) and elevated serum gastrin (P < 0·05) were more common amongst patients diagnosed with abnormal glycaemia than those with normoglycaemia. There was a nonsignificant trend for elevated chromogranin A, pancreatic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (but not glucagon) and history of bronchopulmonary carcinoid in MEN 1 patients with elevated glycaemia.Conclusions  Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose occur significantly more frequently amongst MEN 1 patients than controls and is associated with uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism and evidence of enteropancreatic hyperstimulation.
Angiomatoid variant of fibrous histiocytoma: a case report and review of literature
Authors: PRATIBHA R. , AHMED S. 
Published: June 2006

Summary.  Fibrous histiocytomas by themselves are not very common in the head and neck region. Apart from considering the above fact, this report describes a unique and relatively rare variant of the neoplasm – the angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) which has a characteristic appearance and predilection for young individuals that occurred in the left lower border of the mandible in a 13‐year‐old girl.Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma is a distinct fibrohistiocytic tumour of children and young adults that combines features of both fibrohistiocytic and vascular neoplasm. It is considered to be a tumour of intermediate malignancy because of its less aggressive course in contrast to the conventional malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The authors would like to stress upon the fact that clinicians should not overlook swellings that may not appear distinct visually and therefore consider it to be a part of normal anatomy, dismiss it as an anomaly with no significance, or treat it injudiciously, for ultimately it may prove to be a tumour that would require appropriate treatment and follow‐up.
Aggressive periodontitis in a 16‐year‐old Ghanaian adolescent, the original source of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain HK1651 – a 10‐year follow up
Authors: HAUBEK D. , HAVEMOSE‐POULSEN A. , WESTERGAARD J. 
Published: June 2006

Summary.  The highly leukotoxic JP2 clone of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is strongly associated with periodontitis in adolescents. Availability of the DNA sequence of the complete genome of A. actinomycetemcomitans strain HK1651, a representative strain of the JP2 clone (http://www.genome.ou.edu/act.html), has provided new possibilities in basic research regarding the understanding of the pathogenesis of A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontitis. This case report describes the periodontal treatment of the original source of A. actinomycetemcomitans HK1651, a 16‐year‐old Ghanaian adolescent girl with aggressive periodontitis. The bacterial examination involved polymerase chain reaction analysis for presence of JP2 and non‐JP2 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The treatment, including periodontal surgery supplemented by antibiotics, arrested the progression of periodontitis for more than 10 years. Initially, infection by A. actinomycetemcomitans, including the JP2 clone, was detected at various locations in the oral cavity and was not limited to the periodontal pockets. Post‐therapy, the JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans disappeared, while the non‐JP2 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans remained a part of the oral microflora.