bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistically modified unsaturated polyester resin with polyester urethane and montmorillonite: microstructure and properties
Authors: Wang Cai , Pan Zelin , Zhang Linwen , Yang Dexu , Li Weizhong 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMicrostructure, reacting degree and main properties of synergistically modified unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with polyester urethane (PU) and organically‐modified montmorillonite (OMT) are studied in this paper by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), FT‐IR, contact angle and mechanical properties. The research shows good compatibility of PU with natural fibre and that the contact angle of modified UPR and natural fibre is decreased. Nanocomposites are made using OMT and the impact section of synergistically modified UP composites with PU and OMT shows the toughness breaking. With the increased addition of PU and OMT, the impact strength is increased, the flexural modulus and the cured shrinkage rate are decreased. The testing of mechanical properties shows that when the content of PU is 5% and that of OMT is 1%, the impact strength is increased 80% or above, the decrease of flexural modulus is less than 20% and the cured shrinkage rate is less than 4%. A PU and OMT system was found to have a synergistic effect on the toughness of UPR. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical characters of cross‐linkable oligo(oxyethylene) branched low molecular weight poly(organophosphazenes)
Authors: Zhou Shuhua , Fang Shi‐Bi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe ionic conductivities of all‐solid polymer electrolytes prepared by UV irradiation crosslinkable oligo(oxyethylene) branched low molecular weight poly(organophosphazenes) macromonomers are reported. The dimensional stability of the poly(organophosphazes) electrolytes was improved by crosslinking. The temperature dependence of ionic conductivity of the all‐solid polymer electrolytes followed the Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher equation. Furthermore, the effects of the length of the oligo(oxyethylene) chain and the degree of crosslinking on the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes are discussed. The stability of the lithium electrode and the all‐solid polymer electrolytes interface were evaluated by measuring the alternating current impedance on symmetric cells. The maximum ionic conductivity of the all‐solid polymer electrolyte was obtained as high as 2.92 × 10−4 sec/cm at 25°C. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic conductivity of chitosan membranes and application for electrochemical devices
Authors: Winie Tan , Majid S. R. , Khiar A. S. A. , Arof A. K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLithium (Li+)‐ and proton (H+)‐conducting chitosan‐based electrolytes have been prepared using the solution cast technique. The experimental results obtained using chitosan as the host polymer are compared with those of other Li+‐ and H+‐complexes. The Rice and Roth model was used to explain the variations in the conductivity observed. The exponent, n, in Joncsher's universal power law equation σ(ω) = σdc + A′ωn was analyzed as a function of temperature for the chitosan sample containing 41 vol% H3PO4. The analysis suggests that the conduction mechanism follows that proposed by the overlapping large polaron tunneling model. The chitosan membranes can be used as electrolytes in solid state batteries, electric double layer capacitors and fuel cells. However, there is still scope for improvement. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hexanoyl chitosan‐based gel electrolyte for use in lithium‐ion cell
Authors: Winie Tan , Arof A. K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHexanoyl chitosan that exhibited solubility in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was prepared by acyl modification of chitosan. Films of hexanoyl chitosan‐based polymer electrolyte were prepared by the technique of solution casting. The effect of plasticizers on the transport properties of hexanoyl chitosan‐lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3) electrolytes have been investigated. The plasticizers used were ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), propylene carbonate (PC) and a mixture of DEC/EC and PC/EC. The conductivity is found to be higher for the dual plasticizer system than the single plasticizer system. The highest room temperature conductivity achieved in the DEC/EC and PC/EC dual plasticizer systems is 4.26 × 10−5 and 1.09 × 10−4 S cm−1, respectively. FT‐IR spectroscopic data has been used to interpret the conductivity trend observed. Transport properties such as charge carrier concentration and diffusion coefficient of cation have been calculated to obtain information that may be used to elucidate the mechanism of conductance. Electrochemical cells based on LiCoO2/mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) couple were assembled using the electrolyte that gave the highest ionic conductivity. The performance of the fabricated cell has also been studied and discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of self‐dispersible polymeric microspheres
Authors: Min Ke , Lan Jin , Hu Jianhuan , Wang Changchun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMonodispersed OEGMA/St polymeric particles were prepared through soap‐free emulsion polymerization, then surface modification was conducted by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and nano‐size hairy shell of OEGMA/St particles were obtained. By hydrolysis, the grafting chains of the hairy particles were successfully cut down from the core particles. Through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements, the density of grafting chains was calculated. Experimental results showed that the hairy shell on the surface of the particles could dramatically improve the particles dispersibility in organic solvents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complementary/alternative medicine use in a pediatric oncology unit in Turkey
Authors: Karadeniz Ceyda , Pınarlı F. Güçlü , Oğuz Aynur , Gürsel Türkiz , Canter Berna 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundImportant in the cancer therapy is the increasingly use of complementary/alternative medicine (CAM). The current study aims to establish the extent of use, the types of therapies employed, factors influencing, the reasons for choosing and the cost of CAM used in pediatric cancer patients in our clinic in Ankara, Turkey.ProcedureA detailed questionnaire regarding demographic data and information about the use of CAM was completed by 95 patients who have attended the clinic between 1999 and 2000.ResultsForty‐nine patients (51.6%) had used one or more than one type of CAM. The most frequent (71.4%) was herbal medicine and biologic intake (stinging nettle, plant essence, honey of Anzer). The second one was religious therapy (40.8%). No correlation could be found between the use of CAM and parents education status, the level of income, number of siblings, the prognosis of the disease, the rate of satisfaction with the level of information given by the doctor at the time of diagnosis or the belief in the information given by the doctor about the prognosis (P > 0.05). All patients used CAM in addition to conventional therapy.ConclusionsMore than half of the patients used CAM, with stinging nettle being the most common agent. Our patients place a high level of trust in their physicians and the conventional therapies offered by them; however, they also believe that the complementary therapies are harmless and, therefore, worth trying. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:540–543. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bupropion in pregnancy and the prevalence of congenital malformations
Authors: Cole J. Alexander , Modell Jack G. , Haight Barbara R. , Cosmatos Irene S. , Stoler Joan M. , Walker Alexander M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPurposeReports from the GlaxoSmithKline Bupropion Pregnancy Registry suggested an increase in cardiovascular defects following exposure to bupropion during pregnancy. We conducted a study of congenital malformations among infants born to women exposed to bupropion during their first trimester.MethodsThe study used data from UnitedHealthcare between January 1995 and September 2004. We calculated the prevalence of all congenital malformations and cardiovascular malformations associated with bupropion exposure in the estimated first trimester (1213 infants), compared with (1) other antidepressant exposure in the first trimester (4743 infants) and (2) bupropion exposure outside the first trimester (1049 infants). Malformation cases were confirmed through medical record abstraction. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) using the GEE form of logistic regression.ResultsFor all congenital malformations, the prevalence associated with bupropion first trimester was 23.1 per 1000 infants. The AORs were 0.95 (95%CI 0.62–1.45) and 1.00 (95%CI 0.57–1.73) in comparison to other antidepressants (prevalence 23.2 per 1000) and bupropion outside the first trimester (prevalence 21.9 per 1000), respectively. For cardiovascular malformations, the prevalence associated with bupropion first trimester was 10.7 per 1000 infants. The AORs were 0.97 (95%CI 0.52–1.80) and 1.07 (95%CI 0.48–2.40) in comparison to other antidepressants (prevalence 10.8 per 1000) and bupropion outside the first trimester (prevalence 9.5 per 1000), respectively.ConclusionsResults do not support a hypothesis of a teratogenic effect of first trimester bupropion exposure. The prevalence of malformations associated with bupropion exposure in the first trimester was not increased relative to the comparison groups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vinyl copolymers containing pendant 1,4‐distyrylbenzene and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole chromophores: Preparation and optoelectronic properties
Authors: Yeh Kun‐Ming , Chen Yun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe prepared two vinyl copolymers P1 and P2 containing pendant distyrylbenzene and aromatic 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives, respectively, from their precursor poly(styrene‐ran‐4‐vinylbenzyl chloride) (Mw = 11,400, PDI = 1.18), which had been prepared by the controlled radical polymerization (RAFT). Two main chain polymers containing similar isolated distyrylbenzene (P3) and aromatic 1,3,4‐oxadiazole (P4) chromophores were also synthesized for comparative study. The resulted copolymers (P1–P4) are soluble in common organic solvents and are basically amorphous materials with 5% weight‐loss temperature higher than 360 °C. The PL spectral results reveal that the architecture of P1 prevents the formation of inter‐ or intramolecular interaction. The HOMO and LUMO levels of P2, estimated from cyclic voltammetric data, are −5.96 and −3.81 eV, respectively, which are much lower than those of P1 (−5.12 and −3.11 eV). The emission of blend from P1 and P2 are contributed mainly from distyrylbenzene fluorophore (∼450 nm) owing to efficient energy transfer. Moreover, the blend exhibits three kinds of redox behavior depending on their weight ratios. The luminance and current efficiency of the EL device lpar;ITO/PEDOT/MEH‐PPV+P2/Al) are 503 cd/m2 and 0.11 cd/A, which can be improved to 1285 cd/m2 and 0.44 cd/A, respectively, as the weight ratio of P2 increases from 0 to 20%. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5362–5377, 2006
Cyclic and telechelic ladder polymers derived from tetrahydroxytetramethylspirobisindane and 1,4‐dicyanotetrafluorobenzene
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Lomadze Nino , Fritsch Detlev , Schwarz Gert 
Published: August 2006

Abstract5,5′,6,6′‐Tetrahydroxy‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylspirobisindane was polycondensed with 1,4‐dicyanotetrafluorobenzene in four different solvents at 70 °C. In dimethylformamide, N‐methylpyrrolidone, and sulfolane exclusively, cyclic polymers were detectable by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry up to masses around 13,000 Da. In dimethyl sulfoxide, linear byproducts were also found. Higher temperatures caused degradation reactions catalyzed by potassium carbonate. Polycondensations performed with the addition of 4‐tert‐butyl catechol or 2,2′‐dihydroxy binaphthyl yielded linear telechelic oligomers. Equimolar mixtures of linear and cyclic ladder polymers were examined by MALDI‐TOF mass spectra to determine how the end groups and the cyclic structure influenced the signal‐to‐noise ratio. The results suggested a preferential detection of the linear chains. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5344–5352, 2006
Macrophage Serum‐Based Adhesion to Plasma‐Processed Surface Chemistry is Distinct from That Exhibited by Fibroblasts
Authors: Godek Marisha L. , Malkov Galiya Sh. , Fisher Ellen R. , Grainger David W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: Plasma‐polymerized films deposited from AlAm, HxAm, NVP, NVFA, AA and FC were compared to TCPS and PS surfaces in supporting cellular attachment, viability, and proliferation in serum‐based culture in vitro for extended periods of time (>7 d). Surface patterns were created using multi‐step depositions with physical masks. Cell adhesion in the presence of serum was compared for (monocyte‐) macrophage and fibroblast cell lines. Cellular response was tracked over time, reporting adhesive behavior, proliferative rates, and morphological changes as a function of surface chemistry. Micropatterned surfaces containing different surface chemistries and functional groups (e.g. NH2, COOH, CF3) produced differential cell adhesive patterns for NIH 3T3 fibroblasts compared to J774A.1, RAW 264.7 or IC‐21 (monocyte‐) macrophage cell types. Significantly, macrophage adhesion is substantial on surfaces where fibroblasts do not adhere under identical culture conditions.
magnified image
Measurement of Charge Transfer due to Single Particle Impact
Authors: Watanabe Hideo , Samimi Abdolreza , Ding Yu Long , Ghadiri Mojtaba , Matsuyama Tatsushi , Pitt Kendal G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the processing of particulate solids, interparticle and particle‐wall collisions can generate electrostatic charges. This can lead to a variety of problems ranging from fire and explosion hazards to segregation, caking and blocking. For a fundamental understanding of the particle charging, it is essential to study the charge transfer due to single particle impacts on a target. A new experimental rig that can measure charge generation due to a single impact between a particle and a target plane has been designed and constructed. In this study, pharmaceutical particles were tested by impacting against a stainless steel target. The amount of charge transfer due to impact can be described as a function of impact velocity and impact angle as well as initial charge. It is noted that for a given material, initial particle charge for which no charge transfer occurs, is independent of impact velocity and impact angle.
Measuring Size Distribution of Organic Crystals of Different Shapes Using Different Technologies
Authors: Patchigolla Kumar , Wilkinson Derek , Li Mingzhong 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe ultrasonic attenuation (UA) technique was developed to measure not only particle size distribution (PSD) but also concentration for on‐line and off‐line analysis of high concentration dispersions. Another significant characteristic along with particle size is particle shape. Particle shape influences the apparent particle size as measured by various instruments. Shape factors have been calculated from microscopic images using conventional image analysis (IA) techniques. Particle sizing data measured by UA is more representative than by IA because much larger samples are used for analysis. In this study UA, laser diffraction (LD) and IA size measurements are compared and the influence of particle shape is investigated.Data obtained from UA has been combined with information on shape factor from imaging to obtain equivalent particle size distributions. In a previous study [1], the influence of shape on size measurement has been investigated using different sizing techniques for non‐fragile materials. These particles showed significant variation in measured PSD with their different shapes. In this paper, the same phenomenon was observed with evolving polymorphs of L‐glutamic acid crystals (α and β form), oxalic acid, sucrose and monosodium glutamate.
Obtaining Particle Size Distribution from Chord Length Measurements
Authors: Li Mingzhong , Wilkinson Derek , Patchigolla Kumar 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe Lasentec focused‐beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) is becoming a more popular technique to measure particle size on‐line in different applications. The FBRM uses a focused beam of laser light that scans across particles passing in front of the probe window to measure a chord length distribution (CLD). Compared with CLD information, the particle size distribution (PSD) is more useful because it is directly related to product quality and process productivity. However, it is not straightforward to convert a measured CLD into its corresponding PSD accurately due to the lack of a theoretical analysis for non‐spherical particle systems. In this paper, firstly a general model to translate a PSD into its corresponding CLD is given for different shapes including spherical, ellipsoidal and more general non‐spherical particles. Then an iterative inversion method is developed to obtain the PSD from a measured CLD. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed PSD‐CLD model and iterative inversion method has been extensively validated by experiments.
Particle Size Distribution by Space or Time Dependent Extinction Profiles obtained by Analytical Centrifugation
Authors: Detloff Torsten , Sobisch Titus , Lerche Dietmar 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe particle size distribution of suspensions of fine particles was determined by a photocentrifuge from transmission/extinction profiles. Photocentrifuges provide a useful tool for the characterization and quality control of suspensions. While the variation of the light extinction curves caused by centrifugal segregation allows a qualitative description, a rigorous formulation provides a quantitative characterization. The present work reports on the determination of the particle size distribution using space and time resolved extinction profiles. The particle size distribution is obtained by analyzing the variation of the extinction at any point of the sample over the full centrifugation time or by analyzing the extinction variation over the entire sample length for any centrifugation time span. The advantage of the second method is the potential to save time.
Development of a Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Instrument to Measure Size Distributions of Nanoparticles
Authors: Yamaguchi Tetsuji , Azuma Yasushi , Okuyama Kikuo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis study presents a new method for measuring size distributions of colloidal nanoparticles in a liquid dispersion. This method is based on a photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) combined with a flow cell and a size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The SEC unit classifies injected nanoparticles into several monodisperse nanoparticles. The classified nanoparticles introduced from the SEC unit are analyzed sequentially by the PCS unit. The size distribution of the polydisperse mixture was calculated by integration of all the monodisperse distributions. The size distributions obtained using the new method were compared with those obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) image analysis. For the three kinds of colloidal silica nanoparticles used in this study, good agreement was found, verifying the utility of the methodology.
AFM investigation of the formation of one‐dimensional structures of C60shuttlecocks on HOPG
Authors: Huebener K. , Scheloske M. , Hauschild J. , Harneit W. , Zehl G. , Fiechter S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe formation of one‐dimensional structures of 1,4,11,15,30‐pentakis(biphenyl)‐2‐hydro[60]fullerenes on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was investigated with an atomic force microscope. These molecules have the shape of a conical shuttlecock with a fullerene at the apex. Topographic images taken in tapping mode showed the formation of round islands, as well as needle shaped structures. The needles arrange in three preferential directions and are only one monolayer high consistent with the formation of molecular chains. Their observed width is compatible with 10 or less molecular rows. By switching into contact mode one can manipulate and disrupt these chains. When switching back into tapping mode, one can observe their regrowth. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, isolation and characterization of new endohedral fullerenes M@C72 (M = Eu, Sr, Yb)
Authors: Bucher Karin , Epple Lars , Mende Jens , Mehring Michael , Jansen Martin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe report on new europium, strontium and ytterbium endohedral fullerene cages of the type Eu@C72, Sr@C72 and Yb@C72. Single isomers of Eu@C72‐I, Sr@C72‐I, Sr@C72‐II and Yb@C72‐I were isolated by multi‐step HPLC for the first time. Details of their synthesis, separation and characterization by LDI‐TOF mass spectrometry and UV‐vis will be discussed. Additionally, EPR spectroscopy of Eu@C72‐I was performed. A second isomer of europium and ytterbium endohedral C72, Eu@C72‐II and Yb@C72‐II, has been separated by HPLC and identified by LDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport and TEM on dysprosium metallofullerene peapods
Authors: Obergfell D. , Meyer J. C. , Haluska M. , Khlobystov A. N. , Yang S. , Fan L. , Liu D. , Roth S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) produced by the arc‐discharge method using non‐magnetic catalysts were filled with Dy@C82 endohedral metallofullerenes. Transport measurements were performed on (Dy@C82)@SWNT metallofullerene peapod samples in field‐effect transistor configuration at 4.2 K. After the transport investigations the substrates were partially etched away enabling us to take TEM images of the very same metallofullerene peapod samples on which transport had been carried out before. This procedure gives essential information on whether the sample measured was a single tube or a bundle and on the degree of tube filling. In the case of the presented measurements, TEM investigations revealed one sample to be a metallofullerene peapod bundle and another one to be an individual tube being not or not completely filled despite of a high overall sample filling. Both samples behave as semiconductors, where the latter sample exhibits Coulomb blockade oscillations for low bias voltages. Thus we present the first combined Coulomb blockade diamond and TEM measurements on a single nanotube and moreover the first transport data including the transfer characteristics I sd(V g) of a sample which is confirmed to be a metallofullerene peapod bundle. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)