bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Diterpene Alkaloids from Aconitum sungpanense var. leucanthum
Authors: Yan Hua , Chen Dong‐Lin , Jian Xin‐Xian , Wang Feng‐Peng 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFive new C19 diterpene alkaloids, leucanthumsines A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), and E (5), were isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Aconitum sungpanense var. leucanthum, together with the known C19 diterpene alkaloids pseudaconine, neoline, 1‐O‐methyldelphisine, crassicaudine, chasmanine, talatisamine, indaconitine, ezochansmanine, and leueantine D. The structures of these new alkaloids were elucidated by HR‐MS and advanced NMR methods, including 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR (DEPT), 1H,1H‐COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments.
Pteridines. Part CXVII
Authors: Torigoe Kiyoshi , Kariya Naohiro , Soranaka Kazuyuki , Pfleiderer Wolfgang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA series of side chain reactions starting from the 6‐ and 7‐styryl‐substituted 1,3‐dimethyllumazines 1 and 21 as well as from the 6‐ and 7‐[2‐(methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl]‐substituted 1,3‐dimethyllumazine 2 and 22 were performed first by addition of Br2 to the CC bond forming the 1′,2′‐dibromo derivatives 3, 4, 24, and 26 in high yields (Schemes 1 and 3) (lumazine=pteridine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione). Treatment of 3 with various nucleophiles gave rise to an unexpected tele‐substitution in 7‐position and elimination of the Br‐atoms generating 7‐alkoxy‐ (see 5 and 6), 7‐hydroxy‐ (see 7) and 7‐amino‐6‐styryl‐1,3‐dimethyllumazines (see 8–11) (Scheme 1). On the other hand, 4 underwent, with dilute DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐2‐ene), a normal HBr elimination in the side chain leading to 18, whereas treatment with MeONa afforded a more severe structural change to 19. Similarly, 24 and 26 reacted to 27, 32, and 33 under mild conditions, whereas in boiling NaOMe/MeOH, 24 gave 7‐(2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylethyl)‐1,3‐dimethyllumazine (30) which was hydrolyzed to give 31 (Scheme 3). From the reactions of 4 and 24 with DBU resulted the dark violet substance 20 and 25, respectively, in which DBU was added to the side chain (Scheme 2). The styryl derivatives 1 and 21 could be converted, by a Sharpless dihydroxylation reaction, into the corresponding stereoisomeric 6‐ and 7‐(1,2‐dihydroxy‐2‐phenylethyl)‐1,3‐dimethyllumazines 34–37 (Scheme 4). The dihydroxy compounds 34 and 35 were also acetylated to 38 and 39 which, on catalytic reduction followed by formylation, yielded the diastereoisomer mixtures 40 and 41. Deacetylation to 42 and 45 allowed the chromatographic separation of the diastereoisomers resulting in the isolation of 43 and 44 as well as 46 and 47, respectively. Introduction of a 6‐ or 7‐ethynyl side chains proceeded well by a Sonogashira reaction with 6‐ (48) or 7‐chloro‐1,3‐dimethyllumazine (55) yielding 49–51 and 56–58 (Scheme 5). The direction of H2O addition to the triple bond is depending on the substituents since the 6‐ (49) and 7‐(phenylethynyl)‐1,3‐dimethyllumazine (56) showed attack at the 2′‐position yielding 53 and 60, in contrast to the 6‐ (51) and 7‐ethynyl‐1,3‐dimethyllumazine (58) favoring attack at C(1′) and formation of 6‐ (52) and 7‐acetyl‐1,3‐dimethyllumazine (59).
One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of α‐Amino Nitriles Catalyzed by 2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine (Cyanuric Acid)
Authors: Das Biswanath , Kumar Rathod Aravind , Thirupathi Ponnaboina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of α‐amino nitriles from aldehydes, amines and trimethylsilyl cyanide (Me3SiCN) in the presence of a catalytic amount of cyanuric acid at room temperature.
Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal and Molecular Structure of 1,5‐Dihydro‐2H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dipyridin‐2‐imine
Authors: Baysal Akın , Durap Feyyaz , Gümgüm Bahattin , Yıldırım Leyla T. , Ülkü Dinçer , Boğa Ayse Dilek , Özkar Saim 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe reaction of 1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dipyridin‐2‐one (3) with an alkylamine (butylamine, hexylamine or ethylenediamine) yields, quite unexpectedly and in the absence of catalyst, the novel compound 1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dipyridin‐2‐imine (4) as the sole, analytically pure, solid product, which was fully characterized. The structure of 4 was unequivocally solved by single‐crystal X‐ray‐diffraction analysis. The compound crystallizes in a monoclinic cell (space group P 21/c), with two molecules in the asymmetric unit, held together by intermolecular H‐bonds. Compound 4 could be interesting as a bi‐ or even tridentate ligand, and exhibits a strong fluorescence upon excitation at 310 nm. A mechanism, based on the observed CN bond cleavage, is proposed.
New Sesterterpenoids from the Marine Sponge Phyllospongia papyracea
Authors: Lan Wen‐Jian , Li Hou‐Jin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemical investigation of an extract of the marine sponge Phyllospongia papyracea, collected from the South China Sea, led to the isolation and identification of three new scalarane‐type sesterterpenoids, compounds 1–3. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR as well as high‐resolution ESI‐MS experiments. (12α,16β)‐12‐Acetoxy‐16‐hydroxy‐20,24‐dimethyl‐25‐norscalar‐17‐en‐24‐one (1) was cytotoxic against the leukemia P388 cancer cell line, with an IC50 value of 5 μg/ml.
Acetaldehyde accumulation in rat mammary tissue after an acute treatment with alcohol
Authors: Castro G. D. , Layño A. M. A. Delgado de , Fanelli S. L. , Maciel M. E. , Gómez M. I. Díaz , Castro J. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious studies reported the presence in rat mammary tissue of a cytosolic xanthine oxidoreductase pathway for the metabolism of alcohol to acetaldehyde and hydroxyl radicals and to the microsomal biotransformation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. It was also reported that after chronic ethanol drinking stressful oxidative conditions can be observed. The present work reports that even after single doses of ethanol, given at three different levels (6.3 g kg−1; 3.8 g kg−1 or 0.6 g kg−1 p.o.), acetaldehyde accumulates for prolonged periods of time in the mammary tissue to reach concentrations higher than in blood (e.g. 5.1 ± 1.2 nmol g−1 versus 0.2 ± 0.1 nmol ml−1, for 6.3 g kg−1 dose, 6 h after intoxication). The presence in rat mammary tissue of low activities of additional enzymes able to generate acetaldehyde was established (alcohol dehydrogenase: 0.97 ± 0.84 mU mg−1 protein; CYP2E1: 1.30 ± 0.12 × 10−2 pmol 4‐nitrocatechol min−1 mg−1 protein) and a low activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase was observed in the cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions (0.02 ± 0.04; 0.35 ± 0.09 and 0.72 ± 0.19 mU mg−1 protein, respectively). After a single high dose of ethanol, an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress was observed, as evidenced by changes in the shape of t‐butylhydroperoxide induced emission of chemiluminescence in mammary tissue (6.3 g kg−1 dose; at 3 and 6 h). In summary, the results show that even after single doses of ethanol, acetaldehyde, either formed in situ or arriving via blood, tends to accumulate in mammary tissue and that this condition might decrease cell defenses against injury. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic chemical reaction mechanisms clarified for deuterium‐ and carbon‐13‐labeled hydrocarbons
Authors: Baldwin John E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractQuestions bearing on just how organic chemical structures are converted to other compounds can be addressed in numerous ways through syntheses and studies of appropriately designed stable–isotope‐labeled analogs. Most of the examples in the present review summarize studies of various thermal isomerizations and fragmentations that have provided information on mechanistic details, determinations of reaction stereochemistry, tests for possible interventions of short‐lived reaction intermediates, and relevant checks of theory‐based predictions and rationalizations. Such work serves either to reinforce generally accepted conceptual constructs for posited reaction mechanisms or to prompt reinterpretations of imperfect mechanistic understandings, as the experimental findings may require. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Price rigidities, inventories, and growth fluctuations
Authors: Tsoukis Chris , Naqvi Naveed 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe investigate the interactions of price rigidities and storability of goods, and their implications for inflation and growth. The model is an optimising, stochastic general equilibrium one, featuring endogenous growth, the possibility of (short run) excess demand and inflation derived from sluggish and staggered price setting (a version of the ‘New Keynesian Phillips Curve’). Analytical short‐run dynamics are derived. A notable feature is the predicted short‐run comovements between growth and inflation (negative) and between the inventory ratio and growth (positive). Increased price flexibility reduces the persistence of the system but its overall influence on variances is uncertain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Warranties as a device to extract rent from low‐risk users of a product
Authors: Hakes David , Shin Dongsoo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe develop a simple model that provides a new rationale for why a monopolist should bundle its product with a warranty even when all parties are risk neutral. In our model, a risk‐neutral monopolist faces two types of risk‐neutral consumers—low‐risk users that are unlikely to cause product failure and high‐risk users that are more likely to cause product failure. We find that when the firm fails to provide a warranty, a low‐risk user acquires a strictly positive rent by pretending to be a high‐risk user and receiving a price discount. By imposing a warranty, however, the monopolist can increase the price to high‐risk users, which in turn removes the incentive for a low‐risk user to pretend to be a high‐risk user, and the firm successfully extracts rent from the low‐risk user. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Botulinum toxin type B (Myobloc®) in subjects with hemifacial spasm: Results from an open‐label, dose‐escalation safety study
Authors: Trosch Richard M. , Adler Charles H. , Pappert Eric J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOjbectiveEvaluate the safety of botulinum toxin type B (BoNT‐B) in subjects with hemifacial spasm (HFS).MethodsThis open‐label, sequential dose‐escalation study evaluated BoNT‐B in subjects with HFS. Eligible subjects were enrolled and received a single injection of one of four sequential BoNT‐B doses (100, 200, 400, or 800 U). Following injection, subjects were evaluated in person at Weeks 2 and 8 and by phone at Weeks 1, 4, and 10 and every 2 weeks thereafter until benefit was lost. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs), vital signs and clinical laboratory evaluation. The severity of HFS was assessed using a patient social impairment visual analog scale (VAS), subject severity of contraction VAS, the HFS physician assessment, and subject HFS frequency and severity assessment.ResultsNineteen predominately Caucasian (92%) and female (67%) subjects (aged 36–80 years) with HFS participated in this study. Subjects remained in the study an average of 88 days (range of 41–332 days) after receiving a single dose of BoNT‐B. No deaths, serious AEs or AEs leading to trial discontinuation occurred during the study period. Two subjects in the 400 U dose group requested early withdrawal, whereas all other subjects completed the study. A reduction in HFS severity was observed in subjects treated with doses of 200 U or more. Improvements in subject HFS assessments tended to return to baseline values by 8 weeks following injection.ConclusionBoNT‐B was well‐tolerated and reduced HFS severity in subjects who received injections of 200 to 800 U. Additional investigation is necessary to confirm the findings from this open‐label study. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Asymmetrical ventricular enlargement in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Huang Xuemei , Lee Yueh Z. , McKeown Martin , Gerig Guido , Gu Hongbin , Lin Weili , Lewis Mechelle M. , Ford Sutapa , Tröster Alexander I. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Styner Martin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) typically manifests with asymmetric motor symptom onset. Ventricular enlargement, a nonspecific measure of brain atrophy, has been associated with cognitive decline in PD, but not with motor symptom asymmetry. Asymmetrical ventricular enlargement on magnetic resonance images was explored in a monozygotic twin pair discordant for PD and in nine healthy monozygotic twin pairs. The left–right lateral ventricular volumetric difference of the PD‐twin was greater than that of his twin and all other healthy twins, with the larger ventricle observed contralateral to the more symptomatic side. Moreover, the lateral ventricle asymmetry difference between twin pairs was significantly higher for the discordant PD‐twin pair than for the healthy twin pairs. This is the first report to suggest the presence of asymmetrical ventricular enlargement in PD, findings that may be worthy of further study. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Midbrain transcranial sonography in Korean patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kim Ji Youn , Kim Seong Tae , Jeon Seong Hee , Lee Won Yong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTranscranial sonography (TCS) is potentially useful for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, studies on TCS have so far been restricted to European populations. To investigate the efficacy of TCS in Korean PD patients and its correlation with the clinical features, we carried out midbrain TCS in 43 PD patients and 35 normal controls and evaluated the area of the substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity and its ratio to the area of the whole midbrain. In 16 subjects (21%), TCS was unsuccessful due to insufficient acoustic temporal bone windows. The mean area of bilateral SN hyperechogenicity and its ratio to the midbrain area were greater in the PD patients than that in the controls (P < 0.01). In the PD patients, the area of SN hyperechogenicity and its ratio to the individual midbrain area were moderately correlated with the PD duration (r = 0.526 and 0.536, P = 0.01, respectively) but not with the age, UPDRS motor scores or H‐Y stage. There was no difference in the SN hyperechogenicity between the tremor‐dominant, akinetic‐rigid, and mixed‐type PD patients. In conclusion, midbrain TCS is an effective diagnostic tool for detecting PD in the Korean population. However, it does not reflect the severity or phenotypes of parkinsonism. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Progressive muscle atrophy with hypokalemic periodic paralysis and calcium channel mutation
Authors: Meyer Thomas , Jurkat‐Rott Karin , Huebner Angela , Lehmann‐Horn Frank , Linke Peter , Van Landeghem Frank , Dullinger Jörn S. , Spuler Simone 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA family with hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) and motor neuron degeneration is reported. In conjunction with HypoPP, the index patient developed progressive muscle atrophy. The calcium channel gene CACNA1S showed a mutation encoding p.R528H, which has been related previously to HypoPP. We propose that CACNA1S mutations may comprise a previously unrecognized genetic risk factor in a greater spectrum of motor unit disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Prognostic values of electrodiagnostic studies in traumatic radial neuropathy
Authors: Malikowski Thu , Micklesen Paula J. , Robinson Lawrence R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt is important to have strong predictors of outcome in traumatic neuropathies so that appropriate management can be instituted early. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of electrodiagnostic studies in traumatic radial neuropathy. In this retrospective study, 33 of 67 subjects with traumatic radial neuropathy met the inclusion criteria. Good outcome was defined as grade 3 or higher strength on the Medical Research Council scale in wrist extensors. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) responses from extensor indicis proprius (EIP) predicted prognosis: 92% of subjects with a recordable CMAP had a good outcome; and 65% of those with an absent response had a good outcome. Recruitment in brachioradialis was also predictive: 92% of those with full, central, or reduced recruitment had a good outcome; 67% of those with discrete recruitment had a good outcome; and only 33% of those with absent recruitment had a good outcome. Studies performed more than 3 months after injury produced more prognostic certainty than those performed earlier. We conclude that electrodiagnostic studies produce useful prognostic information in traumatic radial neuropathy. It is noteworthy, however, that 65% of subjects with an absent radial CMAP (suggesting complete or nearly complete axon loss) still have a good outcome. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Ileovesicostomy for adults with neurogenic bladders: Complications and potential risk factors for adverse outcomes
Authors: Tan Hung‐Jui , Stoffel John , Daignault Stephanie , McGuire Edward J. , Latini Jerilyn M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsRisk factors for complications following ileovesicostomy have not been well defined. This study's purpose was to examine outcomes following ileovesicostomy in adults and identify possible risk factors that may contribute to post‐operative complications.MethodsRetrospective database review identified ileovesicostomy procedures from August 1999 to September 2003. Demographic, pre‐operative, and post‐operative data were extracted. Statistical analysis determined whether risk factors influenced outcomes of urethral continence, re‐operation, and post‐operative complications. Factors included age, tobacco use, diabetes, neurogenic bladder etiology, body mass index, pre‐operative indwelling catheterization, or simultaneous procedures including pubovaginal sling/urethral closure.Results50 adults status‐post ileovesicostomy were identified. At last follow‐up, 36 patients (72%) were continent per urethra. The incidence of complications decreased significantly from 3.38 per patient to 1.16 post‐operatively (P < 0.0001). Twenty‐seven averaged 1.52 inflammatory or infectious post‐operative complications per patient, 19 averaged 1.47 stomal complications, and 11 averaged 2.09 ileovesicostomy mechanical obstructions. Overall, 27 required 2.85 re‐operations or additional procedures following ileovesicostomy. Sub‐group analysis identified BMI (P = 0.0569) as a possible risk factor. Differences in outcomes based on age, tobacco use, diabetes, neurogenic bladder etiology, pre‐operative indwelling catheterization, or urethral closure were not significant.ConclusionsIleovesicostomy is a valuable management option for adults with neurogenic bladder unable to perform intermittent catheterization. The incidence of urinary tract comorbid events significantly decreased following ileovesicostomy though the onset of other complications should be considered. The morbidity associated with ileovesicostomy requires careful patient selection, close long‐term follow‐up, and potential subsequent interventions to address post‐operative complications. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:238–243, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal and rheological characterization of cellulose spinning dopes modified with nanosilica and antibacterial agents
Authors: Czarnecki Piotr 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study concerns cellulose spinning solutions prepared with the use of the organic solvent N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide (NMMO). These solutions were modified with two types of antibacterial agents: an inorganic agent zirconium‐silver phosphate (Alphasan®) and an organic one Triclosan (Irgasan® DP300). Such spinning solutions allow to obtain antibacterial fibers of the Lyocell type. A nanomodifier, colloidal silica (Ludox SM 30®), was also incorporated into the spinning solutions as an additional component to increase the antibacterial activity of fibers. The effect of the compounds incorporated into the spinning solutions on their rheological and thermal properties was assessed by means of the oscillatory method and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The incorporation of nanosilica exerts a clear influence on the rheological properties of spinning solutions, whereas this effect is negligible in the simultaneous presence of nanosilica and antibacterial agents. The results of thermal measurements show that nanosilica affects the crystallization of the solutions examined. Depending on the type of antibacterial agent, nanosilica brings about either a delay or acceleration of the crystallization of the modified solutions. The effect of nanosilica can be explained in terms of interactions between hydroxyl groups occurring on the surface of silica nanoparticles and NMMO molecules. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infections with viridans group streptococci in children with cancer
Authors: Reilly Anne F. , Lange Beverly J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInfection with viridans group streptococci (VGS) causes morbidity and mortality in children with cancer. Incidence of these infections has increased over time. Neutropenic patients with acute myeloid leukemia and those receiving high‐dose cytarabine or undergoing stem cell transplantation are at highest risk. One‐third of infected patients develop a shock syndrome despite prompt antibiotic therapy. Host defense mechanisms contribute substantially to colonization and tissue damage, but the origin of the shock syndrome is not well understood. VGS infection may be accompanied by neurological complications, myocarditis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Routine systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis against VGS infection has not been proven effective. Current recommendations include appropriate antibiotic therapy and intensive supportive care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:774–780. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temozolomide in pediatric low‐grade glioma
Authors: Khaw Seong L. , Coleman Lee T. , Downie Peter A. , Heath John A. , Ashley David M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundWe describe a retrospective series of children with low‐grade glioma who received temozolomide.ProcedureEligible patients had had a diagnosis of low‐grade glioma with or without histological confirmation. Temozolomide was administered at a dose of 200 mg/m2 daily for 5 days, in a 4‐week cycle. Therapy was stopped on completion of the targeted 12 cycles of chemotherapy or on evidence of tumor progression.ResultsThirteen eligible patients were identified, eight male and five female. Median age at diagnosis was 5.5 years (range 2.6–15.0 years) and at commencement of temozolomide treatment was 9.0 years (range 3.8–15.2 years). Nine patients had a histological diagnosis of pilocytic astrocytoma. Twelve patients had received carboplatin prior to temozolomide, including three in combination with vincristine. A total of 111 cycles of therapy have been administered. Hematological toxicity and nausea were the most common adverse effects. Median time to progression was 6.7 months (range 1.5–41.8 months). Event‐free survival rate at 3 years was 57%. Twelve of 13 patients remain alive at the time of report. Eleven have stable disease (SD).ConclusionTemozolomide appears to be active in pediatric low‐grade glioma, with the advantage of oral administration and excellent tolerability. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:808–811. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 30)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Emery Keith , Hisikawa Yoshihiro , Warta Wilhelm 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January 2007 are reviewed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.