bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise capacity is a predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Seyoum Berhane , Estacio Raymond O , Berhanu Paulos , Schrier Robert W. 
Published: May 2007

Peak exercise oxygen consumption (peak VO2), as measured by expired gas analysis, is an accurate, reproducible and reliable method for determining exercise capacity. In this study, a cohort of 468 patients with type 2 diabetes underwent graded exercise testing to measure peak VO2 at baseline; the cohort was followed for five years for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Patients who developed CVD events during the five-year follow-up period were found to have significantly lower baseline peak VO2, as compared to those who did not (p=0.02). Analysis by gender showed that the mean peak VO2 in male patients who developed CVD events was significantly lower than the peak VO2 in those who did not (p<0.03). Multiple Cox regression analysis also showed low peak VO2 to be an independent factor. In conclusion, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with reduced peak VO2 during exercise have a greater tendency to develop future CVD events.
Analysis of Frankincense in Archaeological Samples by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Mathe Carole , Connan Jacques , Archier Paul , Mouton Michel , Vieillescazes Catherine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFour archaeological samples, unearthed from Qana in Yemen were analysed by analytical technique, currently applied in the field of petroleum geochemistry, and by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC‐MS). Sample no 1286 comes from a burned warehouse and samples no 964, 963 and 962 from the central sanctuary. These specimens were probably exposed to a heating source. In each case olibanum resin was identified according to the presence of their chemical markers corresponding to α‐, β‐boswellic and lupeolic acids (3α‐hydroxy‐olean‐12‐en‐24‐oic, 3α‐hydroxy‐urs‐12‐en‐24‐oic and 3α‐hydroxy‐lup‐20(29)en‐24‐oic acids) and their respective O‐acetyled derivatives (3α‐ O‐acetyl ‐olean‐12‐en‐24‐oic, 3α‐O‐acetyl‐urs‐12‐en‐24‐oic and 3‐O‐acetyl‐lup‐20(29)‐en‐24‐oic acids). Concerning the thermal degradation state of samples, the GC‐MS results are in agreement with the geochemical ones. Sample no 1286 and 964 correspond to ageing incense which has not undergone any heating action and are consequently relatively well preserved. Lastly, samples no 963 and 962 are thermally degraded resins and their gross composition data permits to conclude that sample no 963 is only partially burnt while sample no 962 has been much more degraded.
Infrared and Raman Vibrational Spectroscopies Reveal the Palette of Frescos Found in the Medieval Monastery of Karaach Teke
Authors: Zorba T. , Andrikopoulos K.S. , Paraskevopoulos K.M. , Pavlidou E. , Popkonstantinov K. , Kostova R. , Platnyov V. , Sister Daniilia  
Published: May 2007

AbstractVibrational spectroscopy is applied on samples obtained from the excavation area of the medieval Monastery (10th century) of Karaach‐Teke in Bulgaria. The results of the corresponding study, reveal the type of materials used for the creation of the wall‐paintings and give evidence of Byzantine influence, a fact that further supports the well known impact of Byzantium on the technology and thematic‐aesthetic features of iconography in Bulgaria during this era. In addition, the complementarity of FTIR and μ‐Raman spectroscopies in the identification of pigments is indicated.
Studies in Organic Archaeometry VII ‐ Differentiation of Wood and Bark Pitches by Pyrolysis Capillary Gas Chromatography (PY‐CGC)
Authors: Puchinger L. , Sauter F. , Leder S. , Varmuza K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTars and pitches were prepared from wood and bark of various deciduous trees and conifers and analysed with the intention to distinguish between various starting materials. All this was done before the background of an archaeometrical problem: to provide a basis for the chemical identification of those pitches which are frequently found in archaeological excavations.Intending to extend the already existing possibilities for such analyses the present paper is dealing with the application of pyrolysis coupled with capillary gas chromatography and by subsequent chemometric studies. It could be shown that by this technique indeed not only tars and pitches prepared from deciduous trees and from conifers could clearly be differentiated, but that even respective species could be identified. Thus a fundament is provided for future studies aiming to identify the starting material of real archaeological finds by a novel method which requires by far less quantities of sample material as compared to the methods hitherto used by us.
Effect of Selected Natural Dyes in Reduction on Colour Changes of Egyptian Linen Textiles by Fungi
Authors: Abdel‐Kareem Omar 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLinen is the most historical Egyptian textile fibre liable to fungal deterioration. Fungal deterioration of dyed linen textiles may appear as undesirable different stains. In order to success in removing of fungal stains from biodeteriorated historical Egyptian dyed linen textiles, it is necessary to understand the nature and causes of these stains, hence their subsequent removal. So this paper aims to investigate the effect of fungi on dyed linen textiles. In this study linen textile samples were experimentally dyed by two different dyes, blue one as an example to vat dye and yellow one as an example to direct dye. This work is done on two of the most important dyes (Turmeric and indigo), which were popular in most of historical periods in Egypt. Dyed linen samples were experimentally biodegraded by thirty different fungal strains isolated previously from historical Egyptian linen samples. The produced change in colours of the biodeteriorated samples was detected visually. Also, the change in reflection spectra and colour differences produced to dyed linen textiles after fungal deterioration, were assessed and evaluated by using spectrophotometer. This study reported that most of tested fungi contribute to discoloration of all tested dyed linen samples. These results indicate that most of stains on historical Egyptian dyed linen textiles, may be fungal stains. The results confirm that undyed linen textiles more liable to fungal biodeterioration than dyed ones. Also the results show that yellow dyed linen textiles are more susceptible to fungal deterioration than blue dyed linen textiles. The obtained results show that Alternaria tenuissima, Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium sp., Penicillium raistrickii, P. soppi, P. asperum, P. citrinum, Aspergillus carbonarius, A. fischeri, A. nidulans, A. terreus and A. niger, had showed the maximum colour changes of the deteriorated yellow dyed linen samples. The results also show that Alternaria tenuissima, Chaetomium sp., Penicillium asperum, P. citrinum, Aspergillus nidulans and A. spinulosus, had shown the maximum colour changes of the deteriorated blue dyed linen samples.
Metallographic Approach to the Investigation of Metallic Archaeological Objects
Authors: Pinasco Maria Rosa , Ienco Maria Giuseppina , Piccardo Paolo , Pellati Gabriella , Stagno Enrica 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMetallic objects are considered among the most significant findings in Cultural Heritage and represent the ‘culture of Materials’ and the habits of an historical period and of a population. They also preserve traces of time: from the transformation of the ores in metal (by smelting) to the degradation from metal to oxidised compounds (by corrosion processes). Metallography, historically devoted to connect the microstructural features to production processes and to chemical‐physical‐mechanical properties is a powerful and relatively easy approach to characterise metallic findings. All analytical tools and methods in the hands of a metallographer are improved through experience and practice and provide a large number of information (elemental composition, primary and secondary microstructures, surface treatments, corrosion rate, original ores traces) by the preparation of a fairly small microdestructive sample. A wise and careful use of the metallography allows the balance “object sacrifice / knowledge improvement” to lean on the right side contributing to the hard work of rebuilding humankind history. Beside a description of a research protocol some practical examples concerning archaeological findings are presented in this paper.
Filler Segmentation of Sem Paper Images Based on Mathematical Morphology
Authors: Ait Kbir M. , Benslimane Rachid , Princi Elisabetta , Vicini Silvia , Pedemonte Enrico 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecent developments in microscopy and image processing have made digital measurements on high‐resolution images of fibrous materials possible. This helps to gain a better understanding of the structure and other properties of the material at micro level. In this paper SEM image segmentation based on mathematical morphology is proposed. In fact, paper models images (Whatman, Murillo, Watercolor, Newsprint paper) selected in the context of the Euro Mediterranean PaperTech Project have different distributions of fibers and fillers, caused by the presence of SiAl and CaCO3 particles. It is a microscopy challenge to make filler particles in the sheet distinguishable from the other components of the paper surface. This objectif is reached here by using switable strutural elements and mathematical morphology operators.
Wave propagation and granular temperature in fluidized beds of nanoparticles
Authors: Driscoll Michael , Gidaspow Dimitri 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe speeds of motion of compression waves through a fluidized bed of 10 nm silica particles were determined by measuring the times of arrival of compression zones using a light probe. A correlation for the modulus of elasticity was determined as a function of void fraction. Using a kinetic theory type equation of state for particles, this experimentally determined modulus gives a value for the granular temperature for 10 nm particles of approximately one (meter per second) squared. This value is close to that obtained by assuming the motion of the 10 nm particles to be due to collision with air molecules with no energy dissipation. The values of the granular temperature were also determined in a two‐dimensional (2‐D) fluidized bed by measuring the volume fraction distributions of 10 nm silica particles. Granular temperatures were deduced from a one‐dimensional particle momentum balance using an ideal equation of state for particles, which is similar to the barometric formula for gases. These granular temperatures agreed with the measurements obtained from wave propagation experiments. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Fluid‐wall effectiveness for preventing oxidation in solar‐thermal ZnO reactors
Authors: Perkins Christopher , Lichty Paul , Weimer Alan W. , Bingham Carl 
Published: May 2007

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics simulations of a “fluid‐wall” solar reactor for the dissociation of ZnO were performed to determine the effectiveness of the fluid‐wall strategy at preventing oxygen from reacting with the reactor wall. An axial boundary layer near the porous wall was found to exist where ZnO concentrations were essentially zero, demonstrating that the concept was effective at preventing particle contact with the reactor wall. ZnO particles were found to heat nearly instantaneously (>105 K/s), and ZnO conversions were found to be significant (>50%) in the short residence times employed. Conditions for high levels of oxidation of the tube wall coincided with those for high levels of ZnO conversion, and oxidation levels were high (>50%). This was confirmed in solar experiments, where all oxygen products reacted with the tube wall. Although an effective concept for keeping particles from contacting the wall, the fluid‐wall strategy was not effective for preventing oxidation. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Spastic paraplegia 5: Locus refinement, candidate gene analysis and clinical description
Authors: Klebe Stephan , Durr Alexandra , Bouslam Naima , Grid Djamel , Paternotte Caroline , Depienne Christel , Hanein Sylvain , Bouhouche Ahmed , Elleuch Nizar , Azzedine Hamid , Poea‐Guyon Sandrine , Forlani Sylvie , Denis Elodie , Charon Céline , Hazan Jamile , Brice Alexis , Stevanin Giovanni 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThirty‐three different loci for hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) have been mapped, and 15 responsible genes have been identified. Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegias (ARHSPs) usually have clinically complex phenotypes but the SPG5, SPG24, and SPG28 loci are considered to be associated with pure forms of the disease. We performed a genome‐wide scan in a large French family. Fine mapping of the refined SPG5 region on chromosome 8q12 was performed in another 17 ARHSP families with additional microsatellite markers. After exclusion of known ARHSP loci, the genome‐wide screen provided evidence of linkage with a maximal multipoint lod score of 2.6 in the D8S1113–D8S1699 interval. This interval partially overlapped SPG5 and reduced it to a 5.9 megabase (Mb)‐region between D8S1113 and D8S544. In a family of Algerian origin from a series of 17 other ARHSP kindreds, linkage to the SPG5 locus was supported by a multipoint lod score of 2.3. The direct sequencing of the coding exons of seven candidate genes did not detect mutations/polymorphisms in the index cases of both linked families. The phenotype of the two SPG5‐linked families consisted of spastic paraparesis associated with deep sensory loss. In several patients with long disease durations, there were also mild cerebellar signs. The frequency of SPG5 was ∼10% (2/18) in our series of ARHSP families with pure or complex forms. We have refined the SPG5 locus to a 3.8 cM interval and extended the phenotype of this form of ARHSP to include slight cerebellar signs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic susceptibility to environmental toxicants in ALS
Authors: Morahan Julia M. , Yu Bing , Trent Ronald J , Pamphlett Roger 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEnvironmental toxicants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and chemicals appear to be risk factors for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS). An impaired ability to break down these toxicants because of differences in detoxification genes could underlie some cases of this disease. We therefore examined the frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 186 SALS patients and 186 controls at the allele, genotype, and haplotype levels for the metallothionein (MT) family of genes, metal transcription factor‐1 (MTF‐1), and glutathione synthetase (GSS). Exposure to heavy metals, solvents/chemicals, and pesticides/herbicides was assessed by questionnaire, and gene‐toxicant interactions were analyzed. An intronic SNP upstream of MT‐Ie differed in SALS patients and controls at the allele and genotype levels. Haplotypes covering MT‐I isoforms also differed between the two groups. Alleles and genotypes of one MTF‐1 SNP differed in female SALS patients. One GSS haplotype interacted with both metals and solvents/chemicals to increase the risk of the disease. Differences in genes involved in handling toxicants, and interactions between toxicants and these genes, appear to be present in some patients with SALS. This suggests that impaired detoxification mechanisms play a role in SALS. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchung über die Gleichgewichtsfiguren einer flüssigen Masse ohne Schwere
Authors: Plateau J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNeues Studium der Glycerinflüssigkeit; weit sicherere und wirksamere Darstellungsweisen als die älteren. ‐ Theorie der Erzeugung flüssiger Lamellen (Fortsetzung); Anwendungen. ‐ Verschiedene Arten von flüssigen Lamellen. ‐ Theorie der Erzeugung flüssiger Fäden. ‐ Allgemeines Princip der Darstellung von Flächen von nullgleicher mittlerer Krümmung im Laminarzustand.
Effects of the preparation conditions on ethylene/vinyl acetate membrane morphology with the use of scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Sadeghi M. , Mousavi S. A. , Hashemi M. Y. Motamed , Chenar M. Pourafshari , Azad R. Roosta 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this research, the effects of preparation conditions, including the coagulation bath temperature, polymer solution composition, preliminary drying time, and thickness of cast polymeric films, on the morphology of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer membranes were investigated with scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen gas permeability tests. Flat sheet membranes were prepared through a thermal–wet phase‐inversion method. Scanning electron microscopy pictures showed asymmetric structures for some of the membranes. It was also observed that the porosity of the membranes decreased with an increase in the temperature of the coagulation bath and the solvent evaporation period. When the concentration of the polymer solution was increased from 5 to 12 wt %, the nucleation and growth of the solvent‐rich phase replaced the nucleation and growth of the polymer‐rich phase. With an increase in the thickness of the cast polymeric films, the number of macrovoids increased in the membranes. The nitrogen gas permeability of the developed membranes was in good agreement with the scanning electron microscopy results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Incidence and angiographic predictors of collateral function in patients with stable coronary artery disease scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: de Vries Jessica , Anthonio Rutger L. , van den Heuvel Ad F.M. , Tan Eng‐Shiong , Jessurun Gillian A. , de Smet Bart J.G.L. , DeJongste Mike J.L. , Zijlstra Felix 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: To investigate the incidence and angiographic predictors of functional collateral perfusion in patients with stable coronary artery disease, scheduled for elective PCI. Background: Functional collateral perfusion is defined as a Pw/Pa ratio ≥0.24. Since this can only be measured intracoronary, it is important to investigate baseline clinical and angiographic predictors for functional collateral perfusion. Methods: Collateral perfusion was measured during balloon inflation, with the use of a pressure‐monitoring guide wire. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were analyzed and collateral grading was done according to Rentrop's classification for coronary angiograms. Results: Functional collateral perfusion was found in 40 of the 89 patients (45%). Angiographic signs of collaterals (Rentrop ≥ 1) were present in 15 of the 89 patients. Of the 40 patients with the functional collateral perfusion 11 patients (28%) had Rentrop ≥1; of the 49 patients without functional collaterals there were 4 patients with Rentrop ≥1 (8%) (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics or in other angiographic characteristics. Conclusions: In patients with stable coronary artery disease scheduled for elective PCI, 45% have functional collaterals. Rentrop's angiographic classification can be used to predict the presence or absence of functional collaterals, however with a rather modest positive and negative predictive value. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison between sirolimus‐ and paclitaxel‐eluting stents in complex patient and lesions subsets
Authors: Roy Probal , Torguson Rebecca , Okabe Teruo , Pinto Slottow Tina L. , Steinberg Daniel H. , Smith Kimberly , Xue Zhenyi , Gevorkian Natalie , Satler Lowell L. , Kent Kenneth M. , Suddath William O. , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: Sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) and paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES) both significantly reduce the need for repeat intervention compared to bare metal stents. Studies comparing the clinical outcomes of these stents in noncomplex subsets of patients and lesions demonstrate a similar safety and efficacy profile. The data for more complex subsets of patients and lesions remains conflicting. This study aimed to compare SES with PES in a selected population with a broad range of complex features. Methods and Results: The patient population consisted of 1,591 consecutive patients with complex features undergoing drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation. In the SES group there were 1,095 patients (1,653 lesions) and in the PES group 496 patients (802 lesions). In‐hospital, 30‐day, and 12‐month clinical outcomes were compared between groups. No discernable difference in major adverse cardiac events (MACE) between SES and PES was detected at intermediate and longer‐term follow‐up (SES 22.4% vs. PES 20.5% at 12 months; P = 0.407). A trend toward increased angiographically documented stent thrombosis was observed in the SES group at both 3 and 12 months (SES 2.2% vs. PES 0.8% at 12 months; P = 0.051). When adopting the more inclusive definition of probable stent thrombosis, this trend was no longer seen. After adjusting for baseline differences between the two groups, there still remained no difference in MACE between SES and PES (HR 1.051 [CI 0.826–1.339] P = 0.685). The trend toward increased angiographically documented stent thrombosis in the SES group remained after adjustment for baseline differences (HR 2.836 [CI 0.968–8.311] P = 0.057). Conclusions: In a selected population with complex disease the rate of MACE was comparable between SES and PES, with higher overall rates of thrombosis and MACE compared to a noncomplex population. Thus, the focus should be directed to prevent late complications in this complex subset regardless of stent type selection. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of large pulmonary arteriovenous fistula including pulmonary artery to left atrial fistula with Amplatzer septal occluder
Authors: Uthaman Babu , Al‐Qbandi Mustafa , Abushaban Lulu , Rathinasamy Jebaraj 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives:We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) to close very large pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF).Background:Transcatheter coil embolization, the standard treatment for PAVF, has potential complications particularly in patients with very large fistulas. Several recently available devices have been tried effectively, however, they too have limitations.Methods:During 2004, three patients (aged 17–56 years), diagnosed with large PAVF including one with pulmonary artery (PA) to left atrial (LA) fistula, had interventional closure prospectively using ASO. Following hemodynamic evaluation and angiographic localization of PAVF, the feeding artery (FA) was selectively cannulated with Amplatzer delivery sheath. ASO, with the right atrial (RA) disc diameter equal to or up to 4 mm larger than the maximum diameter of FA, was delivered through it in such a way that the left atrial disc assumed an oblong shape and the right atrial disc retained its designed flat configuration for better anchorage and thrombogenicity.Results:All patients had very large PAVF fed by a single FA (size 12–24 mm), which was closed completely, without complications, using ASO (size 7–16 mm; RA disc diameter 15–26 mm). Their arterial saturation rose from mean 72.3% to 97.3%. Follow up (1.5–3 years) showed disappearance of the radiological shadows and stable arterial saturations (mean 97.7%).Conclusions:We conclude that, using the new criteria for device size selection and modified technique of implantation, very large PAVFs including PA to LA fistula can be closed safely, effectively and nonsurgically with ASO. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.