bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollen Morphology of Acinos Miller Species Growing in Turkey
Authors: Kaya Ayla , Kutluk Hatice 
Published: September 2007

Abstract The pollen morphology of six taxa of the genus Acinos Miller has been examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a description of each taxon has been given. Acinos pollen is stephanocolpate (hexacolpate). Two main exine sculpturing types, foveolate‐reticulate (only in subspecies of A. troodi) and reticulate, have been defined. The dimension for the polar length ranges between 25.8–47.4 μm, equatorial width 24.5–34.4 μm, colpus length 20.0–40.5 μm and colpus width 1.2–2.5 μm. The shape is mostly subprolate to prolate, seldomly prolate‐spheroidal. The results reveal rather uniform morphological features, however fine details are characteristic to differentiate the pollen taxa. Acinos pollen also share some common morphological features with the other Lamiaceae pollen.
Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on the Growth and Foliar Chemistry of Transgenic Bt Cotton
Authors: Wu Gang , Chen Fa‐Jun , Ge Feng , Sun Yu‐Cheng 
Published: September 2007

Abstract A field study was carried out to quantify plant growth and the foliar chemistry of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton (cv. GK‐12) exposed to ambient CO2 and elevated (double‐ambient) CO2 for different lengths of time (1, 2 and 3 months) in 2004 and 2005. The results indicated that CO2 levels significantly affected plant height, leaf area per plant and leaf chemistry of transgenic Bt cotton. Significantly, higher plant height and leaf area per plant were observed after cotton plants that were grown in elevated CO2 were compared with plants grown in ambient CO2 for 1, 2 and 3 months in the investigation. Simultaneously, significant interaction between CO2 level × investigating year was observed in leaf area per plant.
Moreover, foliar total amino acids were increased by 14%, 13%, 11% and 12%, 14%, 10% in transgenic Bt cotton after exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Condensed tannin occurrence increased by 17%, 11%, 9% in 2004 and 12%, 11%, 9% in 2005 in transgenic Bt cotton after being exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 for the same time. However, Bt toxin decreased by 3.0%, 2.9%, 3.1% and 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.9% in transgenic Bt cotton after exposed to elevated CO2 for 1, 2 or 3 months compared with ambient CO2 for same time in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Furthermore, there was prominent interaction on the foliar total amino acids between the CO2 level and the time of cotton plant being exposed to elevated CO2. It is presumed that elevated CO2 can alter the plant growth and hence ultimately the phenotype allocation to foliar chemistical components of transgenic Bt cotton, which may in turn, affect the plant‐herbivore interactions.
Purification and Characterization of a New Ribosome Inactivating Protein from Cinchonaglycoside C‐treated Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Li Yanmei , Jia Yantao , Zhang Zhongkai , Chen Xiaoying , He Hongping , Fang Rongxiang , Hao Xiaojiang 
Published: September 2007

Abstract A new ribosome‐inactivating protein (RIP) with a molecular weight of 31 kDa induced by Cinchonaglycoside C (1) designated CIP31, was isolated from tobacco leaves. Analysis of this protein sequence indicated that it belongs to the RIP family and it was distinct from the other plant RIPs reported previously at its N‐terminal amino acid sequence. CIP31 can directly impair synthesis of coat protein (CP) of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which resulted in inhibition of TMV long distance movement and multiplication in tobacco plants at concentrations of ng/mL. Furthermore, no toxicity was shown to the growth and fertility of the plants. CIP31 was synthesized only in the presence of Cinchonaglycoside C (1) and was independent of the salicylic acid (SA) signal pathway. We provided evidence for the SA‐independent biological induction of resistance.
Construction of a Plant Transformation‐ready Expression cDNA Library for Thellungiella halophila Using Recombination Cloning
Authors: Ni Wan‐Song , Lei Zhi‐Yong , Chen Xi , Oliver David J. , Xiang Cheng‐Bin 
Published: September 2007

Abstract Salt cress (Thellungiella halophila), a close relative of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L., is an extremophile that is adapted to harsh saline environments. To mine salt‐tolerance genes from this species, we constructed an entry cDNA library from the salt cress plant treated with salt‐stress by using a modified cDNA synthesis and an improved recombination‐assisted cDNA library construction method that is completely free of manipulations involving restriction enzymes and DNA ligase. This cDNA library construction procedure is significantly simplified and the quality of the cDNA library is improved. This entry cDNA library was subsequently shuttled into the destination binary vector pCB406 designed for plant transformation and expression via recombination‐assisted cloning. The library is plant transformation ready and is used to transform Arabidopsis on a large scale in order to create a large collection of transgenic lines for functional gene mining.
Effects of Enhanced UV‐B Radiation on the Activity and Expression of Alternative Oxidase in Red Kidney Bean Leaves
Authors: Zhao Ming‐Guang , Liu Ying‐Gao , Zhang Li‐Xin , Zheng Lin , Bi Yu‐Rong 
Published: September 2007

Abstract An increase in ultraviolet (UV) B radiation on the earth's surface is a feature of current global climate changes. It has been reported that alternative oxidase (AOX) may have a protective role against oxidative stress induced by environmental stresses, such as UV‐B. To better understand the characteristic tolerance of plants to UV‐B radiation, the effects of enhanced UV‐B radiation on the activity and expression of AOX in red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves were investigated in the present study. The results show that the total respiration rate and AOX activity in red kidney bean leaves increased significantly during treatment with enhanced UV‐B. However, cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity did not change significantly. The H2O2 content was also markedly increased and reached a maximum of 4.45 mmol·L−1·g−1 DW (dry weight) at 24 h of UV‐B treatment, before dropping rapidly. Both alternative pathway content and alternative pathway activity were increased in the presence of exogenous H2O2. Immunoblotting analysis with anti‐AOX monoclonal antibody revealed that expression of the AOX protein increased in red kidney bean leaves under enhanced UV‐B radiation, reaching a peak at 72 h. In addition, AOX expression in red kidney bean leaves was induced by exogenous H2O2. These data indicate that the increase in AOX activity in red kidney bean leaves under enhanced UV‐B radiation was mainly due to H2O2‐induced AOX expression.
The COI1 and DFR Genes are Essential for Regulation of Jasmonate‐Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Qin‐Fang , Dai Liang‐Ying , Xiao Shi , Wang Yun‐Sheng , Liu Xiong‐Lun , Wang Guo‐Liang 
Published: September 2007

Abstract Jasmonates (JAs) are a class of plant hormones that play important roles in the regulation of plant development and plant defense. It has been shown that Arabidopsis plants produce much higher levels of anthocyanins when treated exogenously with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). However, a molecular link between the JA response and anthocyanin production has not been determined. The CORONATINE INSENTITIVE1 (COI1) gene is a key player in the regulation of many JA‐related responses. In the present study, we demonstrate that the COI1 gene is also required for the JA‐induced accumulation of anthocyanins in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the MeJA‐inducible expression of DIHYDROFLAVONOL REDUCTASE (DFR), an essential component in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, was completely eliminated in the coi1 mutant. Jasmonate‐induced anthocyanin accumulation was found to be independent of auxin signaling. The present results indicate that the expression of both COI1 and DFR genes is required for the regulation of JA‐induced anthocyanin accumulation and that DFR may be a key downstream regulator for this process.
Biological Cycles of Mineral Elements in a Young Mixed Stand in Abandoned Mining Soils
Authors: Tian Da‐Lun , Xiang Wen‐Hua , Yan Wen‐De , Kang Wen‐Xing , Deng Xiang‐Wen , Fan Zhu 
Published: September 2007

Abstract Phytoremediation as a sustainable and inexpensive technology based on the removal of pollutants from the environment by plants is becoming an increasingly important objective in plant research. In this study, biological cycles of five nutrient elements (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) and eight heavy metal elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Co) were examined in young paniculed goldraintree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm) and common elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpus decipens) mixed stands in an abandoned mining area. We found that after vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas, the organic matter and concentrations of nutrient elements were significantly increased and the heavy metal elements were significantly decreased, the annual retention, uptake and return were 75.0, 115.4, and 40.3 kg/hm2 for nutrient elements, and 1 878.0, 3 231.0 and 1 353.0 g/hm2 for heavy metal elements, respectively, with the utilization coefficient, cycling coefficient and turnover rate of 0.92, 0.35 and 0.32 for nutrient elements, and 1.24, 0.42 and 1.92 for heavy metal elements, respectively. Our results suggested that the vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas had significant effects in improving environmental conditions, enhancing soil available nutrients, and ensuring human health.
Current Status and Future Strategies for Development of Transgenic Plants in China
Authors: Wang De‐Ping 
Published: September 2007

Abstract In this review, the author summarized the current status, challenges, and strategies in China in the development of transgenic plants and its commercialization. Based on sets of successful examples and data achieved from execution of the National Special Project for Transgenic Plant Research and Commercialization in the last five years, the priorities and key directions were put forward for the future development of transgenic plants in China.
Gender and Archaeology in Israelite Religion
Authors: Nakhai Beth Alpert 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article1investigates the roles played by women within the religion of Iron Age II Israel (1000–587bce). That little is presently known about this important topic can be attributed to the androcentric perspective of the Hebrew Bible and to gender bias within the modern academy. Recent scholarship has begun to turn the tide, and this article shows the many ways in which women contributed to – and were an integral part of – the religion of ancient Israel.
Intravenous iron as a transfusion alternative
Authors: MANIATIS ALICE 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYIntravenous iron has been used extensively in nephrology for decades. However, the rare but serious reactions associated with high‐molecular‐weight iron dextran administration have resulted in largely unjustified fears over its use, thus limiting its application in other indications. In Europe, and more recently in the USA, the availability of several iron formulations that are safe and effective – iron sucrose, ferric gluconate and low‐molecular‐weight iron dextran – has extended the use of intravenous iron to a number of medical settings. Although oral iron continues to be widely used in the correction of iron‐deficiency anemia, it cannot cover the needs of all patients. It is slow‐acting and not always well absorbed or well tolerated because of gastrointestinal disturbances. It takes weeks for oral iron to raise the hemoglobin level and months to replenish iron stores. Intravenous iron given to anemic iron‐deficient patients can raise the hemoglobin level in a few days and can replenish iron stores in a few weeks. Furthermore, it has been shown to correct the anemia of chronic disease when used in combination with exogenous erythropoietin. With some preparations, the total iron deficit can be corrected with one infusion, making the treatment more cost‐effective by eliminating repeat visits. Intravenous iron has contributed to decreasing the need for transfusions and to reducing the doses of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents necessary to correct anemia in nephrology, in obstetrics and gynecology, in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, and in surgery and orthopedics. The safety and ease of administration of the new iron preparations continues to expand the application of intravenous iron to new areas.
Maternally determined adaptation to acidity inRana arvalis: Are laboratory and field estimates of embryonic stress tolerance congruent?
Authors: Persson M. , Räsänen K. , Laurila A. , Merilä J. 
Published: September 2007

Geographic variation indicating local adaptation, as well as its quantitative genetic basis, is commonly investigated in common garden experiments in the laboratory. However, the applicability of laboratory results to the complex conditions experienced by populations in the wild may be limited. Our previous laboratory experiments showed maternally determined local adaptation in embryonic acid-stress tolerance (viz. survival) of the moor frog, Rana arvalis Nilsson, 1842. Here we tested whether this laboratory finding holds even when embryos are exposed to acid stress in the wild. We conducted reciprocal crosses between an acid-origin population and a neutral-origin population of R. arvalis and transplanted the embryos to an acid site (pH ~4) in the field. Embryonic survival was much lower in the field experiment than in previous laboratory experiments, but, consistent with laboratory work, embryos from acid-origin females had threefold higher survival than embryos from neutral-origin females. These results suggest that laboratory tests can provide appropriate estimates of among population variation, as well as the quantitative genetic basis of acid-stress tolerance in amphibians.
Species status of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evolutionary and epidemiological inferences from multilocus sequence typing
Authors: Bennett Julia S , Jolley Keith A , Sparling P Frederick , Saunders Nigel J , Hart C Anthony , Feavers Ian M , Maiden Martin CJ 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background

Various typing methods have been developed for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but none provide the combination of discrimination, reproducibility, portability, and genetic inference that allows the analysis of all aspects of the epidemiology of this pathogen from a single data set. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been used successfully to characterize the related organisms Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica. Here, the same seven locus Neisseria scheme was used to characterize a diverse collection of N. gonorrhoeae isolates to investigate whether this method would allow differentiation among isolates, and to distinguish these three species.

Results

A total of 149 gonococcal isolates were typed and submitted to the Neisseria MLST database. Although relatively few (27) polymorphisms were detected among the seven MLST loci, a total of 66 unique allele combinations (sequence types, STs), were observed, a number comparable to that seen among isolate collections of the more diverse meningococcus. Patterns of genetic variation were consistent with high levels of recombination generating this diversity. There was no evidence for geographical structuring among the isolates examined, with isolates collected in Liverpool, UK, showing levels of diversity similar to a global collection of isolates. There was, however, evidence that populations of N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae and N. lactamica were distinct, with little support for frequent genetic recombination among these species, with the sequences from the gdh locus alone grouping the species into distinct clusters.

Conclusion

The seven loci Neisseria MLST scheme was readily adapted to N. gonorrhoeae isolates, providing a highly discriminatory typing method. In addition, these data permitted phylogenetic and population genetic inferences to be made, including direct comparisons with N. meningitidis and N. lactamica. Examination of these data demonstrated that alleles were rarely shared among the three species. Analysis of variation at a single locus, gdh, provided a rapid means of identifying misclassified isolates and determining whether mixed cultures were present.
Skewed distribution of proinflammatory CD4+CD28nullT cells in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fasth Andreas ER , Snir Omri , Johansson Anna AT , Nordmark Birgitta , Rahbar Afsar , af Klint Erik , Björkström Niklas K , Ulfgren Ann-Kristin , van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Malmström Vivianne , Trollmo Christina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractExpanded populations of CD4+ T cells lacking the co-stimulatory molecule CD28 (CD4+CD28null T cells) have been reported in several inflammatory disorders. In rheumatoid arthritis, increased frequencies of CD4+CD28null T cells in peripheral blood have previously been associated with extra-articular manifestations and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, but their presence in and contribution to joint manifestations is not clear. In the present article we investigated the distribution of CD4+CD28null T cells in the synovial membrane, synovial fluid and peripheral blood of RA patients, and analysed the association with erosive disease and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. CD4+CD28null T cells were infrequent in the synovial membrane and synovial fluid, despite significant frequencies in the circulation. Strikingly, the dominant TCR-Vβ subsets of CD4+CD28null T cells in peripheral blood were often absent in synovial fluid. CD4+CD28null T cells in blood and synovial fluid showed specificity for HCMV antigens, and their presence was clearly associated with HCMV seropositivity but not with anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in the serum or synovial fluid, nor with erosive disease. Together these data imply a primary role for CD4+CD28null T cells in manifestations elsewhere than in the joints of patients with HCMV-seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.
Goal-directed fluid management based on pulse pressure variation monitoring during high-risk surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lopes Marcel R , Oliveira Marcos A , Pereira Vanessa Oliveira S , Lemos Ivaneide Paula B , Auler Jose Otavio C , Michard Frédéric 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Introduction
Several studies have shown that maximizing stroke volume (or increasing it until a plateau is reached) by volume loading during high-risk surgery may improve post-operative outcome. This goal could be achieved simply by minimizing the variation in arterial pulse pressure (ΔPP) induced by mechanical ventilation. We tested this hypothesis in a prospective, randomized, single-centre study. The primary endpoint was the length of postoperative stay in hospital.

Methods
Thirty-three patients undergoing high-risk surgery were randomized either to a control group (group C, n = 16) or to an intervention group (group I, n = 17). In group I, ΔPP was continuously monitored during surgery by a multiparameter bedside monitor and minimized to 10% or less by volume loading.

Results
Both groups were comparable in terms of demographic data, American Society of Anesthesiology score, type, and duration of surgery. During surgery, group I received more fluid than group C (4,618 ± 1,557 versus 1,694 ± 705 ml (mean ± SD), P < 0.0001), and ΔPP decreased from 22 ± 75 to 9 ± 1% (P < 0.05) in group I. The median duration of postoperative stay in hospital (7 versus 17 days, P < 0.01) was lower in group I than in group C. The number of postoperative complications per patient (1.4 ± 2.1 versus 3.9 ± 2.8, P < 0.05), as well as the median duration of mechanical ventilation (1 versus 5 days, P < 0.05) and stay in the intensive care unit (3 versus 9 days, P < 0.01) was also lower in group I.

Conclusion
Monitoring and minimizing ΔPP by volume loading during high-risk surgery improves postoperative outcome and decreases the length of stay in hospital.

Trial registration
NCT00479011
Ultrasonographic Fetal Nuchal Translucency Measurements and Cytogenetic Outcomes
Authors: Bellai-Dussault Kara , Dougan Shelley D. , Fell Deshayne B. , Little Julian , Meng Lynn , Okun Nan , Walker Mark C. , Armour Christine M. , Potter Beth K. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceUltrasonographic measurement of fetal nuchal translucency is used in prenatal screening for trisomies 21 and 18 and other conditions. A cutoff of 3.5 mm or greater is commonly used to offer follow-up investigations, such as prenatal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) screening or cytogenetic testing. Recent studies showed a possible association with chromosomal anomalies for levels less than 3.5 mm, but extant evidence has limitations.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between different nuchal translucency measurements and cytogenetic outcomes on a population level.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based retrospective cohort study used data from the Better Outcomes Registry &amp;amp; Network, the perinatal registry for Ontario, Canada. All singleton pregnancies with an estimated date of delivery from September 1, 2016, to March 31, 2021, were included. Data were analyzed from March 17 to August 14, 2023.ExposuresNuchal translucency measurements were identified through multiple-marker screening results.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChromosomal anomalies were identified through all Ontario laboratory-generated prenatal and postnatal cytogenetic tests. Cytogenetic testing results, supplemented with information from cfDNA screening and clinical examination at birth, were used to identify pregnancies without chromosomal anomalies. Multivariable modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimation and adjustment for gestational age was used to compare cytogenetic outcomes for pregnancies with varying nuchal translucency measurement categories and a reference group with nuchal translucency less than 2.0 mm.ResultsOf 414 268 pregnancies included in the study (mean [SD] maternal age at estimated delivery date, 31.5 [4.7] years), 359 807 (86.9%) had a nuchal translucency less than 2.0 mm; the prevalence of chromosomal anomalies in this group was 0.5%. An increased risk of chromosomal anomalies was associated with increasing nuchal translucency measurements, with an adjusted risk ratio (ARR) of 20.33 (95% CI, 17.58-23.52) and adjusted risk difference (ARD) of 9.94% (95% CI, 8.49%-11.39%) for pregnancies with measurements of 3.0 to less than 3.5 mm. The ARR was 4.97 (95% CI, 3.45-7.17) and the ARD was 1.40% (95% CI, 0.77%-2.04%) when restricted to chromosomal anomalies beyond the commonly screened aneuploidies (excluding trisomies 21, 18, and 13 and sex chromosome aneuploidies).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of 414 268 singleton pregnancies, those with nuchal translucency measurements less than 2.0 mm were at the lowest risk of chromosomal anomalies. Risk increased with increasing measurements, including measurements less than 3.5 mm and anomalies not routinely screened by many prenatal genetic screening programs.