bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromechanical properties of uniaxial polar ionic plastic crystal [(C2H5)4N][FeBrCl3]
Authors: Walker Julian , Sødahl Elin Dypvik , Scherrer Simon , Marshall Kenneth , Chernyshov Dmitry , Berland Kristian , Rojac Tadej 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ferroelectric plastic crystals are an emerging class of materials that combine room temperature ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity with a high temperature plastic mesophase prior to melting. These materials offer possibilities for accessing different property parameter spaces from the state-of-the-art metal oxide and polymer ferroelectrics. Tetraethylammonium bromotrichloroferrite, [(C2H5)4N][FeBrCl3], has a unipolar wurtzite-like structure and thus may have potential for small but stable piezoelectric coefficients like the iso-symmetrical AlN. In this study, density functional theory was used to compute elastic compliance, piezoelectric coefficients, and dielectric constant values. Single crystals grown from aqueous solutions were evaluated via single crystal synchrotron x-ray diffraction, impedance spectroscopy and high and weak-field electromechanical characterization. Diffraction studies revealed that the anion tetrahedra orientated preferentially so that the Br− ion had a 30% alignment with the polarization vector. Electromechanical measurements found piezoelectric coefficients in the 5–9 pC N−1 and pm V−1 range. The piezoelectric coefficient (d
33) was most stable with 3.4% variation between 0.4 and 90 Hz and 0.5 and 3 V. Additional piezoelectric stability measurements were made as a function of DC bias field and temperature. Impedance measurements indicate contributions from either intrinsic effects unique to ionic plastic crystals, such as molecular rotation, or the extrinsic effect of electrode interfaces, both of which can play a role in the electromechanical response of the materials. The results show that [(C2H5)4N][FeBrCl3] has potential as a small signal piezoelectric that has a softer elastic moduli than AlN but a stiffer moduli than polyvinylidene fluoride, and thus occupies a unique parameter space.
Electronic transport and the thermoelectric properties of donor-doped SrTiO3
Authors: Zhu Yibing , Skelton Jonathan M , Lewis David J , Freer Robert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is widely recognised as an environmentally-benign perovskite material with potential for thermoelectric applications. In this work we employ a systematic modelling approach to study the electronic structure and thermoelectric power factor (PF) of pure SrTiO3 and donor-doped Sr(Ti0.875M0.125)O3 (M = Cr, Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta). We find that the carrier concentration required to optimise the PF of SrTiO3 is on the order of 1021 cm−3, in line with experimental studies. Substitution at the Ti (B) site with 12.5 mol% Nb or Ta is predicted to yield the best PF among the six Group V/VI dopants examined, balancing the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity, and doping with the more abundant Nb would likely give the best price/performance ratio. Although W doping can significantly improve the electrical conductivity, this is at the expense of a reduced Seebeck coefficient. The first-row elements V and Cr have a significantly different impact on the electrical properties compared to the other dopants, forming resonant levels or creating hole carriers and leading to poor thermoelectric performance compared to the second- and third-row dopants. However, the reduction in the bandgap due obtained with these dopants may make the materials suitable for other applications such as photovoltaics or photocatalysis. Our modelling reveals the critical carrier concentrations and best B-site dopants for optimising the electrical properties of SrTiO3, and our predictions are supported by good agreement with available experimental data. The work therefore highlights avenues for maximising the thermoelectric properties of this archetypal oxide material.
Damage recovery for SRF photoinjector cavities
Authors: Tamashevich Yegor , Neumann Axel , Frahm Andre , Göbel Frank , Klauke Sascha , Matveenko Alexander , Plötz Henry , Prudnikava Alena , Rudolph Ivo , Schuster Michael , Ullrich Jan , Knobloch Jens 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Two niobium elliptical 1.3 GHz superconducting radio frequency (SRF) electron photoinjector cavities were successfully recovered after mechanical inner surface damage. Both cavities had deep imprints in the critical high surface electric field area around the photoelectric cathode position. The lengthy repair procedure, which consists of surface inspection and defect characterization, mechanical polishing and light chemical etching is described in detail. In the process, a new high pressure rinsing (HPR) nozzle system optimized for the special photoinjector geometry was also developed. Subsequent cold RF tests demonstrate complete performance recovery. This is the first time that photoinjector cavities damaged in the high electric-field region could be recovered.
Cycle equivalence classes, orthogonal Weingarten calculus, and the mean field theory of memristive systems
Authors: Caravelli F 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It has been recently noted that for a class of dynamical systems with explicit conservation laws represented via projector operators, the dynamics can be understood in terms of lower dimensional equations. This is the case, for instance, of memristive circuits. Memristive systems are important classes of devices with wide-ranging applications in electronic circuits, artificial neural networks, and memory storage. We show that such mean-field theories can emerge from averages over the group of orthogonal matrices, interpreted as cycle-preserving transformations applied to the projector operator describing Kirchhoff’s laws. Our results provide insights into the fundamental principles underlying the behavior of resistive and memristive circuits and highlight the importance of conservation laws for their mean-field theories. In addition, we argue that our results shed light on the nature of the critical avalanches observed in quasi-two-dimensional nanowires as boundary phenomena.
Combined evaluation of glomerular phospholipase A2 receptor and immunoglobulin G subclass in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Ueki Kenji , Tsuchimoto Akihiro , Matsukuma Yuta , Ataka Eri , Okamoto Hirofumi , Tanaka Shigeru , Masutani Kosuke , Kitazono Takanari , Nakano Toshiaki 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is a major target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN). Anti-PLA2R antibodies are mainly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass IgG4, although other IgG subclass depositions in glomeruli may also be detected. However, the importance of the subclass of the IgG deposit has not been proven. Thus we investigated clinical findings from patients with idiopathic MN in relation to glomerular PLA2R deposition and IgG subclass.

Methods
We enrolled 132 Japanese patients with biopsy-proven idiopathic MN in a multicentre retrospective observational study. We investigated the complete remission rate as the primary outcome and the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) as the secondary outcome in relation to glomerular PLA2R deposition. Moreover, we evaluated prognostic factors, including glomerular IgG subclass, in the PLA2R-positive group.

Results
The percentage of cases with glomerular PLA2R deposition was 76.5% (n = 101). The first complete remission rate of the PLA2R-positive group was worse than that of the PLA2R-negative group (logrank test P &lt; .001). ESKD incidence did not significantly differ between the glomerular PLA2R-negative and PLA2R-positive MN groups (logrank test P = .608). In the PLA2R-positive group, higher PLA2R intensities and IgG2 staining were associated with a poorer first complete remission rate (logrank test P &lt; .001 and P = .032, respectively). Cox proportional hazards analysis also showed that strong PLA2R deposition and positive IgG2 staining were significantly associated with a failure to reach complete remission [hazard ratio 2.09 (P = .004) and 1.78 (P = .030), respectively].

Conclusions
Our results suggest that intense glomerular PLA2R and IgG2 positivity predict a poor proteinuria remission rate in idiopathic MN.
A global SS precursor method for imaging discontinuities: the Moho and beyond
Authors: Dai Yuhang , Tharimena Saikiran , Rychert Catherine , Harmon Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY
Imaging seismic velocity discontinuities within the Earth's interior offers important insight into our understanding of the tectonic plate, associated mantle dynamics, and the evolution of the planet. However, imaging velocity discontinuities in locations where station coverage is sparse, is sometimes challenging. Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of a new imaging approach using deconvolved SS precursor phases. We demonstrate its effectiveness by applying it to synthetic seismograms. We also apply it to ∼1.6 M SS precursor waveforms from the global seismic database (1990–2018) for comparison with CRUST1.0. We migrate to depth and stack the data in circular 6° bins. The synthetic tests demonstrate that we can recover Moho depths as shallow as 20 km. Globally, the Moho is resolved at 21–67 km depth beneath continental regions. The Moho increases in depth from 21 km ± 4 km beneath the continental shelf to 45–50 km beneath the continental interiors and is as deep as 67 ± 4 km beneath Tibet. We resolve the Moho in 77 percent of all continental bins, within 10 km of CRUST1.0, with all outliers located in coastal regions. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using this method to image discontinuities associated with the mantle transition zone with both synthetic and real data. Overall, the approach shows broad promise for imaging mantle discontinuities.
Organoboron routes to unsaturated hydrocarbons
Authors: Thomas Susan E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter opens with a discussion of the synthesis of alkenes. It follows this with the hydroboration of 1-haloalk-1-ynes and looks at treatment with sodium methoxide and then acetic acidproducing (E) alkenes. The chapter then notes that the migrating alkyl group involved in the reaction sequence retains its stereochemistry. The chapter also discusses the hydroboration of alk-1-ynes followed by addition of sodium hydroxide and iodine  giving (Z)-alkenes. The reaction utilizes only one of the alkyl groups of the dialkylborane. The reaction may be used with readily-available alkenes. Lastly, the chapter elucidates the synthesis of alkynes, diynes, (E, E)-dienes, (E,Z)-dienes, and enynes.
Surgical explantation for a rapid deployment valve: the ‘shave-and-hook technique’
Authors: Uehara Kyokun , Shirakami Taku , Arai Yoshio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An 80-year-old female patient underwent redo aortic valve replacement for haemolysis caused by moderate paravalvular leakage 1 year after a 21-mm Intuity Elite valve implantation. The elevatorium passed at the segment with paravalvular leakage. The frame was then bent inward using a hook and the peel around the sawing ring was shaved by an elevatorium. After explantation of the Intuity Elite valve, endoscopic examination showed no sign of annular or sub-annular damage. Conventional aortic valve replacement using a biological valve was performed. We introduce a safe alternative technique for explantation of a rapid deployed valve.
Cocharge and Skewing Formulas for Δ-Springer Modules and the Delta Conjecture
Authors: Gillespie Maria , Griffin Sean T 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We prove that $\omega \Delta ^{\prime}_{e_{k}}e_{n}|_{t=0}$, the symmetric function in the Delta Conjecture at $t=0$, is a skewing operator applied to a Hall-Littlewood polynomial, and generalize this formula to the Frobenius series of all $\Delta $-Springer modules. We use this to give an explicit Schur expansion in terms of the Lascoux-Schützenberger cocharge statistic on a new combinatorial object that we call a battery-powered tableau. Our proof is geometric, and shows that the $\Delta $-Springer varieties of Levinson, Woo, and the second author are generalized Springer fibers coming from the partial resolutions of the nilpotent cone due to Borho and MacPherson. We also give alternative combinatorial proofs of our Schur expansion for several special cases, and give conjectural skewing formulas for the $t$ and $t^{2}$ coefficients of $\omega \Delta ^{\prime}_{e_{k}}e_{n}$.
Genomic Analysis and Surveillance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology
Authors: Allen Danielle M , Reyne Marina I , Allingham Pearce , Levickas Ashley , Bell Stephen H , Lock Jonathan , Coey Jonathon D , Carson Stephen , Lee Andrew J , McSparron Cormac , Nejad Behnam Firoozi , McKenna James , Shannon Mark , Li Kathy , Curran Tanya , Broadbent Lindsay J , Downey Damian G , Power Ultan F , Groves Helen E , McKinley Jennifer M , McGrath John W , Bamford Connor G G , Gilpin Deirdre F 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe infections in infants, immunocompromised or elderly individuals resulting in annual epidemics of respiratory disease. Currently, limited clinical surveillance and the lack of predictable seasonal dynamics limit the public health response. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has recently been used globally as a key metric in determining prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the community, but its application to other respiratory viruses is limited. In this study, we present an integrated genomic WBE approach, applying reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and partial G-gene sequencing to track RSV levels and variants in the community. We report increasing detection of RSV in wastewater concomitant with increasing numbers of positive clinical cases. Analysis of wastewater-derived RSV sequences permitted identification of distinct circulating lineages within and between seasons. Altogether, our genomic WBE platform has the potential to complement ongoing global surveillance and aid the management of RSV by informing the timely deployment of pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions.
22 A Burn Specialty Learning Experience: The Burn Center Symposium
Authors: Gleason Michael G , Shingleton Sarah , Serio-Melvin Maria L , Gonzalez Maria , Boyd Cullen , Colston Patricia , Chafin Kristine N 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Covid-19 pandemic disrupted educational activities in our burn center and across the nation. Findings from organizational climate surveys and the American Burn Association (ABA) verification process suggested that continuing education and professional development opportunities required improvement. Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNS) collaborated with the burn center education department (BCED) to revitalize an outdated Burn Center Symposium (BCS) which was used to provide training for novice and seasoned interprofessional staff. The BCS was aligned with the ABA Burn Nurse Competency Initiative (BNCI) to provide a quarterly learning opportunity for all staff and prepare our nurses for the Certified Burn Registered Nurse (CBRN) Exam.

Methods
CNSs and the BCED cross-walked the current BCS materials to verify alignment with the BNCI domains, national accreditation, and department requirements. The team then used BNCI essential performance criteria as a framework to create lesson outlines which were used by an interdisciplinary team to update lesson plans. Additionally, burn care simulations were created to practice emergency response, respiratory therapy, and rehabilitation scenarios. Multiple choice exam and Likert surveys were created to evaluate knowledge and quality. The BCS was offered to all disciplines in the burn center; descriptive statistics were used.

Results
Two iterations of the BCS occurred in February (F) and July (J) 2023. F

results
N=19 attendees, 52% &lt; 3 years of burn experience, a 19% increase in exam scores occurred between an average of 56% presurvey and 75% postsurvey. J

results
N=36, 90% had &lt; 3 years of burn experience, a 15% increase in exam scores occurred between an average of 69% presurvey and 84% postsurvey. For both iterations, over 80% of the staff agreed or strongly agreed positively with course quality.

Conclusions
The results suggest that using the BNCI domains as a framework for our BCS improved knowledge of both novice and seasoned burn nurses, as well as other members of the inter-professional team.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Using the evidenced based BNCI domains as a framework for our inter-professional Burn Center Symposium improved knowledge and was the first step to prepare our nurses for the CBRN.
25 Enteral Acetaminophen Induced Hypotension: Getting It Right vs Being Right
Authors: Kesler Natalie V , Bay Curt C , Chavarria Brook , Thorstenson Elizabeth , Quan Asia N , Talanki Nisha , Van Dobbe  , Osborn Suzanne C , Islas Claudia , Hockenberry Tiffany , Richey Karen J , Foster Kevin N 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Fevers in burn injured patients is a common phenomenon and is typically managed with enteral acetaminophen (APAP) in our center. While hypotension is a known side effect of IV APAP, it has not been reported with enteral administration. However, burn nurses report episodes of hypotension in critically ill patients following APAP that are reproducible and report hesitancy to give additional doses, fearing a cause-and effect relationship. Conversely, the medical team views the relationship as temporal in nature and believes continued use of APAP an appropriate therapy to treat hyperthermia. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between administration of enteral APAP and hypotension in critically ill patients with thermal burns ≥ 20% total body surface area (TBSA).

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of patients over a 5-year period. Primary outcome measures were number of patients receiving oral APAP, incidence of patients experiencing a drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 20 points mmHg and/or a 15% decrease from baseline, within 3 hours, and number of qualifying hypotensive events. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were calculated.

Results
A total of 203 patients suffered a burn injury of ≥ 20% TBSA during the study period. Among those 196 received enteral Tylenol, 180 (92%) experienced a hypotensive event as defined in the protocol. After consultation with a biostatistician and burn surgeon, hypotension was redefined as a SBP ≤ 100 mmHg. Using this definition 78 (40%) patients experienced at least one hypotensive event within 3 hours of APAP administration with a mean SBP of 88 mmHg, (range 58-100 mmHg). There was a positive correlation between hypotension and %TBSA (p &lt; .001), baseline SBP (p &lt; .000), baseline temp (p=.007), bilirubin (p &lt; .001), mechanical ventilation (p &lt; .001), acute adrenal insufficiency (p=.036), compartment syndrome (p=.02), and ventilator associated pneumonia (p &lt; .005). There was no correlation between hypotension and APAP.

Conclusions
Based on our data, larger TBSA, mechanical ventilation, ventilator associated pneumonia, lower baseline SBP, increased temperature, adrenal insufficiency and compartment syndrome showed an increase in probability of a hypotensive event occurring. However, despite strong convictions from bedside nurses the study did not demonstrate a significant relationship between hypotension and enteral APAP administration. A prospective, observational study is warranted to further examine this phenomenon.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Enteral APAP can be given by bedside nursing to control hyperthermia in critically ill burn patients without hesitation or fear of causing hypotension.
33 Standardizing an Early Ambulation Protocol for Lower Extremity Grafts
Authors: O'Neil Audrey M , Rush Cassandra , Griffard Laura , Hartman Brett 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Early post-op ambulation benefits burn survivors by allowing quicker return to independent ambulation, limiting joint stiffness associated with immobilization, and preventing complications from bedrest. Burn Practice Guidelines for early ambulation were published in 2012, however significant variability in practice continues with burn centers reporting initial ambulation occurring between 0-14 days post-op, averaging on day 3 when the lower leg and foot is involved. Additionally, immobilization and weight bearing restrictions are recommended if the autograft is placed over a joint.

Methods
A retrospective review was completed of this 15 bed, adult verified burn center, from September 2020-August 2023 to identify patients who underwent split thickness skin graft (STSG) placement and/or Autologous Skin Cell Suspension (ASCS) application to their lower extremities (LE). Patients who were unable to ambulate at baseline or died during admission were excluded. Medical records were then reviewed for injury related factors, surgical interventions, post-op protocols, mobility initiation, discharge location, and wound healing using photo documentation.

Results
During the 3-year period, 149 patients with LE injury met the criteria for retrospective review. LE involvement ranged from 1-28% TBSA (Avg 6.9%). Initial homograft or dermal substitute placement was required for 56.3% (n=84) with autograft placement occurring on average post-burn day 8.5. Autograft placement included 68% Meshed (1:1-3:1) STSG (n=101), 16% Meshed STSG with ASCS (n=24), 15% ASCS (n=22), and 1% Sheet STSG (n=2). Grafts crossed joints on 119 patients including the knee (n=58), ankle (n=57), and foot (n=41). Initial ambulation occurred on average POD 1.05 using either Coban (n=68) or an Unna Boot (n=47) for compression support. Initial gait distance ranged from 2 to 1,500 ft (avg 125.4 ft). LE joint immobilization was limited to 18 patients due to post-surgical precautions and 8 patients due to active nerve blocks. No graft loss was associated with post-op ambulation. Twelve patients experienced minor graft loss, attributed to injury or surgical factors, infection, and patient comorbidities, which healed conservatively.

Conclusions
Post-op ambulation in burn patients can occur earlier than documented in previous burn research without immobilization or weight bearing restrictions. LE graft loss was not found to be associated with early post-op ambulation. Current recommendations include compression application to the lower extremity for vascular support and initiation of scar management. Immobilization can be used in cases of tendon exposure or joint compromise.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Variability in practice among burn centers regarding mobility protocols prevents adoption of early ambulation as the new standard of care. Combining rehabilitation interventions with use of compression to support STSG can allow unrestricted early ambulation.