bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Binding Properties of Dendritic Oxybathophenanthroline Ligands towards Copper(II)
Authors: Stephan Holger , Geipel Gerhard , Bernhard Gert , Comba Peter , Rajaraman Gopalan , Hahn Uwe , Vögtle Fritz 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDendritic oxybathophenanthroline ligands (generation 0 to 3) have been synthesized by treatment of 4,7‐bis(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline with the corresponding Fréchet‐type dendrons carrying a benzylic bromide function at the focal point. The complexation of copper(II) has been studied by liquid–liquid extraction using the radioisotope 64Cu and time‐resolved laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) in organic media indicating the formation of 1:3 complexes (Cu:dendritic ligand). Electronic and EPR spectroscopy were used to characterize the copper(II) chromophore, which is shown to have the expected distorted square‐planar geometry with two phenanthroline donors coordinated to the copper(II) center. The third dendritic ligand therefore is proposed to be bound by secondary interactions. The stability constants of the 1:3 complexes were found to be in the order of log K ≈ 16 in CHCl3. On the other hand, increasing generation of the dendritic Fréchet‐type branches leads to enhanced shielding of the copper ion from the environment. Additional information about this behaviour was obtained by the fluorescence lifetimes, which are much less influenced upon addition of copper(II) salt to solutions of the higher generation ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Novel Five‐Coordinate Rhodium(I) Complex
Authors: Koshevoy Igor O. , Sizova Olga V. , Tunik Sergey P. , Lough Alan , Poë Anthony J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn unusual five‐coordinate isomer of the mononuclear complex [Rh(CO)2(PPh3)2I] has been isolated, and its crystallographic structure determined. The molecule has a slightly distorted trigonal‐bipyramidal structure, with both PPh3 ligands being in axial positions. A combination of IR and NMR spectroscopy with the results of DFT calculations shows that the complex maintains the same structure in solution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Novel sulfonated hydrogel composite with the ability to inhibit proteases and bacterial growth
Authors: Vachon David J. , Yager Dorne R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the development of wound dressings that possess functionality beyond providing physical protection and an optimal moisture environment for the wound. To this end, a novel dressing material based on a sulfonated triblock polymer has been developed. This versatile polymer possesses an ion‐exchange capability that is amenable to binding and controlled release of a variety of therapeutic agents. This sulfonated polymer offers several advantages over existing commercial hydrogels used as wound dressings. These include (1) hydrophilicity that is proportional to sulfonation level, (2) easy preparation of fabric supported dressings (e.g., polyester, cotton, nylon), (3) excellent mechanical integrity of the materials when hydrated, (4) stability to a variety of chemistries, and (5) stability to a variety of sterilization methodologies. In this study, polymer was coated onto a polyester fabric and then modified by ion exchange to prepare the sodium, silver, or doxycycline salts. These sulfonated triblock polymer formulations were then evaluated for their capacity to sequester the neutrophil proteases, elastase, and collagenase‐2 (MMP‐8). Several of the formulations were found to sequester significant amounts of either elastase or collagenase. These formulations were demonstrated to be tested against a commercially available dressing that is currently marketed for its protease‐inhibiting capability. The experimental dressing was statistically superior to the commercial dressing at inhibiting MMP‐8 and elastase under the same conditions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
An analysis of the integration between articular cartilage and nondegradable hydrogel using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ramaswamy Sharan , Wang Dong‐An , Fishbein Kenneth W. , Elisseeff Jennifer H. , Spencer Richard G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA hydrogel is a highly hydrated polymer gel suitable for use as a scaffold for tissue engineering. One important application is to the repair of cartilage defects due to injury or osteoarthritis. Integration of the hydrogel with surrounding tissue is critical for the long‐term functionality of the implant; however direct visualization of integration is difficult and invasive. Accordingly, we used MRI to noninvasively investigate the integration of hydrogel in cartilage. Two integration methods were assessed: (1) cartilage‐initiated and (2) chemical, using chondroitin sulphate–methacrylate‐aldehyde (CS‐MA‐ald) as an adhesive. These were compared to a control group, that is, standard, nonintegrated hydrogel photopolymerization. Spatial variation of the transverse relaxation time, T2, across the transition region was used to determine the effectiveness of integration. In the CS‐MA‐ald group only, two interfaces were found. This provides evidence of an intermediate adhesive layer between hydrogel and cartilage. Second, the thickness of the transition region between hydrogel to cartilage in the CS‐MA‐ald group was 1.32 mm as compared to 1.20 mm and 1.17 mm in the tissue‐initiated and nonintegrated groups, respectively. We interpret this as a more gradual transition region of hydrogel to cartilage and hence a greater degree of integration when an adhesive layer is present. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
HPTLC‐densitometric method of determination of oleanolic acid in the Lamii albi flos
Authors: Wójciak‐Kosior Magdalena , Krzaczek Tadeusz , Matysik Grazyna , Skalska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHPTLC combined with densitometric method was used to determine the content of oleanolic acid in acetone extract from the Lamii albi flos L. The plant extract was separated on Si 60 HPTLC plates and determined with the use of two densitometric methods: measurement of fluorescence and absorbance. The content of oleanolic acid was statistically calculated. In a measurement of absorbance in 1 g of the dry Lamii albi flos L. 1458 μg of oleanolic acid was determined (0.147%). In a fluorescence method in 1 g of the plant material 1516 μg of oleanolic acid was determined (0.149%).
Sodium glycylglycine as effective electrolyte run buffer for ascorbic and uric acid separation by CZE: A comparison with two other CE assays
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Sotgia Salvatore , Caddeo Salvatore , Deiana Luca , Carru Ciriaco 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new CE method for ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) detection in human plasma has been developed. Analytes were resolved in less than 4 min by employing sodium glycylglycine (Glygly) as electrolyte run buffer at pH 8.0. Using the diode array detector ability to measure multiple wavelengths simultaneously, detection was optimized by monitoring the run at 262 nm for AA and at 288 nm for UA. Electrophoretic parameters such as resolution, migration times, efficiency, and peak areas of this new method were compared to those obtained by the two CE assays described in literature, in which the analytes separation was achieved by using sodium borate (that allows faster migration times but poor resolution) or tricine (with the highest resolution but elevated migration times) as electrolyte run buffer. Sodium Glygly allows to obtain the same good resolution given by the tricine buffer but with the faster analysis times of the sodium borate run buffer. Ascorbate and urate levels were measured in 35 healthy volunteers by the three methods and the obtained data were compared by three different statistical tests (mountain plot, Passing–Bablok regression, and Bland–Altman test) in order to verify the accuracy of our proposed method.
Separation and characterization of antioxidants from Spirulina platensis microalga combining pressurized liquid extraction, TLC, and HPLC‐DAD
Authors: Jaime Laura , Mendiola José A. , Herrero Miguel , Soler‐Rivas Cristina , Santoyo Susana , Señorans F. Javier , Cifuentes Alejandro , Ibáñez Elena 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new procedure has been developed to separate and characterize antioxidant compounds from Spirulina platensis microalga based on the combination of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and different chromatographic procedures, such as TLC, at preparative scale, and HPLC with a diode array detector (DAD). Different solvents were tested for PLE extraction of antioxidants from S. platensis microalga. An optimized PLE process using ethanol (generally recognized as safe, GRAS) as extraction solvent has been obtained that provides natural extracts with high yields and good antioxidant properties. TLC analysis of this ethanolic extract obtained at 115°C for 15 min was carried out and the silica layer was stained with a DPPH∗︁ (diphenyl‐pycril‐hydrazyl) radical solution to determine the antioxidant activity of different chromatographic bands. Next, these colored bands were collected for their subsequent analysis by HPLC‐DAD, revealing that the compounds with the most important antioxidant activity present in Spirulina extracts were carotenoids, as well as phenolic compounds and degradation products of chlorophylls.
Preparation and Characterization of Microwave‐treated Carboxymethyl Chitin and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Films for Potential Use in Wound Care Application
Authors: Wongpanit Panya , Sanchavanakit Neeracha , Pavasant Prasit , Supaphol Pitt , Tokura Seiichi , Rujiravanit Ratana 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: CM‐chitin and CM‐chitosan films were successfully crosslinked by microwave treatment. Crosslinking of the microwave‐treated CM‐chitin films involved mainly the carboxylate and the secondary alcohol groups, while crosslinking of microwave‐treated CM‐chitosan films involved the carboxylate and the amino groups. In addition, the crystallinity of CM‐chitin increased with increasing microwave treatment time, whereas an increase in the crystallinity of the microwave‐treated CM‐chitosan films was not observed. At a similar percentage of weight loss, the crosslinking of either CM‐chitin or CM‐chitosan films by microwave treatment required much less stringent condition when compared with the crosslinking by autoclave treatment. Based on both direct and indirect cytotoxicity assays, the cytotoxicity of the microwave‐treated CM‐chitin films was negative, while that of the microwave‐treated CM‐chitosan films was positive. Human fibroblasts adhered on the surface of microwave‐treated CM‐chitosan films much better than on the surface of microwave‐treated CM‐chitin films.Total amount of protein synthesis of living NHGF cells that were cultured on chitin, microwave‐treated CM‐chitin, chitosan, microwave‐treated CM‐chitosan films.magnified imageTotal amount of protein synthesis of living NHGF cells that were cultured on chitin, microwave‐treated CM‐chitin, chitosan, microwave‐treated CM‐chitosan films.
pH/Temperature – Sensitive Imprinted Ionic Poly(N‐tert‐butylacrylamide‐co‐acrylamide/maleic acid) Hydrogels for Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Demirel Gökhan , Özçetin Gökçen , Turan Eylem , Çaykara Tuncer 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: In this study, we have prepared pH/temperature‐sensitive imprinted ionic poly(N‐tert‐butylacrylamide‐co‐acrylamide/maleic acid) [P(TBA‐co‐AAm/MA)] hydrogels for bovine serum albumin (BSA) by using molecular imprinting method. BSA adsorption from aqueous BSA solutions was investigated with two types of hydrogel systems prepared by non‐imprinted and imprinted methods. Hydrogels imprinted with BSA showed higher adsorption capacity and specificity for BSA than hydrogels prepared by the usual procedure. At all studied conditions, the highest BSA adsorption was observed in the hydrogel imprinted with 8.63 wt.‐% BSA. In addition, the imprinted hydrogels exhibited both for good selectivity BSA and high adsorption rate depending on the number of BSA‐sized cavities. Adsorption studies showed that other stimuli, such as pH, temperature and initial BSA concentration also influenced the BSA adsorption capacity of both non‐imprinted and imprinted hydrogels.Effect of pH on BSA adsorption.magnified imageEffect of pH on BSA adsorption.
Organization of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase for In Vitro Polymerization as Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Narike Masaharu , Hiraishi Tomohiro , Kanesato Masatoshi , Sudesh Kumar , Doi Yoshiharu , Tsuge Takeharu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: Individual polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase molecules from Ralstonia eutropha (PhaCRe) were directly visualized on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by atomic force microscopy (AFM). PhaCRe molecule was observed as a spherical particle of 2.9 ± 0.4 nm in height and 28 ± 4 nm in width. In vitro polymerization reaction on HOPG was carried out for 5 min by reacting the PhaCRe molecules with (R)‐3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA monomers. The reaction product was then observed after the removal of water solution. Several PhaCRe molecules associated with each other to form an assembly, which was attached to a fibrillar structure of ca. 0.2–0.3 nm in height. The fibrillar structure that elongated from the PhaCRe assembly was interpreted as the poly[(R)‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] polymer chain. High resolution AFM suggested that the PhaCRe assembly was composed of 3–4 subunits of PhaCRe molecules. This was further supported by SDS‐PAGE analysis of the cross‐linked PhaCRe enzyme. These results suggest that more than two subunits of PhaCRe are necessary for the in vitro polymerization of PHB molecular chains.AFM image of PhaCRe molecules after in vitro polymerization reaction for 5 min.magnified imageAFM image of PhaCRe molecules after in vitro polymerization reaction for 5 min.
Adhesion Contact Dynamics of Fibroblasts on Biomacromolecular Surfaces
Authors: Fang Ning , Zhu Aiping , Chan‐Park Mary B. , Chan Vincent 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: Biomacromolecules like gelatin and chitosan have emerged as highly versatile biomimetic coatings for applications in tissue engineering. The elucidation of the interfacial kinetics of cell adhesion on biomacromolecular surfaces will pave the way for the rational design of chitosan/gelatin‐based systems for cell regeneration. Biomacromolecular ultra‐thin films, chemically immobilized on fused silica are ideal experimental models for determining the effect of surface properties on the biophysical cascades following cell seeding. In this study, confocal reflectance interference contrast microscopy (C‐RICM), in conjunction with phase contrast microscopy and fluorescence confocal microscopy, was applied to detect the adhesion contact dynamics of 3T3 fibroblasts on chitosan and gelatin ultrathin films. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the immobilization of chitosan or gelatin on the silanized glass surface. Both the initial cell deformation rate and the change of two‐dimensional spread area of the 3T3 fibroblasts are higher on gelatin‐modified surfaces than on chitosan surfaces. The steady‐state adhesion energy of 3T3 fibroblasts on gelatin film is three times higher than that on chitosan film. Immuno‐staining of actin further demonstrates the different organization of cytoskeleton, likely induced by the change in cell signaling mechanism on the two biomacromolecular surfaces. The better attachment of 3T3 fibroblast to gelatin is postulated to be caused by the presence of adhesive domains on gelatin.C‐RICM images of a typical 3T3 cell on a gelatin‐immobilized substrate.magnified imageC‐RICM images of a typical 3T3 cell on a gelatin‐immobilized substrate.
A Novel Route to Multiphase Polymer Systems Containing Nano‐Droplets: Radical Polymerization of Vinylic Monomers in Gelled Water‐in‐Oil Miniemulsions
Authors: Holtze Christian , Landfester Katharina , Antonietti Markus 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: A new strategy for the synthesis of composite polymers with larger volume fraction of aqueous inclusions less than 1 µm in diameter is presented. A water‐in‐oil miniemulsion of aqueous droplets in a continuous, cross‐linkable monomer phase is prepared. The addition of an organo‐gelator allows the immobilization of the droplets in a solid gel, thus avoiding the usual demixing upon polymerization of the continuous phase. This pregelled system is then converted into a composite polymer by photoinitiated free radical polymerization. Such coatings may be used for an improved climate control of buildings or as a deposit for the controlled release of actives from polar nano‐droplets.SEM image of a cross‐linked composite polymer showing controlled droplet inclusions with a maximal diameter of 500 nm.magnified imageSEM image of a cross‐linked composite polymer showing controlled droplet inclusions with a maximal diameter of 500 nm.
Functionalized Star‐Like Polystyrenes as Organic Supports of a Tridentate Bis(imino)pyridinyliron/Aluminic Derivative Catalytic System for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Bouilhac Cécile , Cloutet Eric , Cramail Henri , Deffieux Alain , Taton Daniel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: Star‐like polystyrenes composed of a microgel core with arms functionalized with a few hydroxy‐ or methoxy‐ended ethylene oxide units were used as organic supports for a tridentate bis(imino)pyridinyliron catalyst towards ethylene polymerization. When used as supports of 2,6‐bis[1‐2,6(diisopropylphenyl)imino]ethylpyridynyl iron dichloride in the presence of various alkylaluminium compounds, the supported catalysts enabled the production, with a high catalytic activity, of polyethylene beads of a spherical morphology and high bulk density. A good control of the polyethylene molar mass distribution could also be achieved, which was explained by a lowering of the transfer reaction to the aluminium derivative, as compared to homogeneous conditions.SEM image of PE particles prepared in the presence of trimethylaluminium supported on a PS microgel with an iron catalyst (TMA/Fe = 800).imageSEM image of PE particles prepared in the presence of trimethylaluminium supported on a PS microgel with an iron catalyst (TMA/Fe = 800).
Liquid Crystalline Dendritic Networks Derived from Poly(propylene imine) (PPI) Dendrimers
Authors: Marcos Mercedes , Martín‐Rapún Rafael , Serrano José‐Luis , Sánchez‐Ferrer Antoni 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSummary: A nematic liquid crystalline network based on a poly(propylene imine) dendrimer [PPI‐(NH2)32 (G = 4)] was prepared in the form of films. In the network the PPI dendritic molecules are partially functionalised with a chiral aldehyde and are connected to each other by an achiral dialdehyde. The phase behaviour of the network was investigated by polarising‐light optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffractometry. Thermoelastic measurements ruled out the possible elastomeric nature of the material.Schematic of the nematic dendritic network prepared here.imageSchematic of the nematic dendritic network prepared here.
A urodynamics protocol to optimally assess men with post‐prostatectomy incontinence
Authors: Huckabay Chad , Twiss Christian , Berger Aaron , Nitti Victor W. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAimsTo propose a urodynamic protocol to comprehensively assess all parameters of post prostatectomy incontinence (PPI).MethodsSixty men with a history of PPI after radical prostatectomy prospectively underwent a standardized video urodynamics protocol. A 7F urethral catheter was used for standard cystometry, abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP), and pressure flow measurements. The International Continence Society nomogram classified obstruction and further classification of obstruction was based on fluoro voiding cystourethrography and non‐invasive flow rates (free Qmax).ResultsTwenty‐four (40%) men had detrusor overactivity with 8 (13%) also having detrusor overactivity incontinence. Only one patient had impaired compliance. All men had urodynamic stress incontinence, but 21 (35%) men demonstrated it only after removal of the urethral catheter. For men leaking with and without the urethral catheter, the respective ALPP was significantly different, 86.3 and 67 cmH2O, respectively (P = 0.002). The men who leaked only in the absence of the urethral catheter had significantly higher ALPP measurements, P < 0.001. After reclassification using the fluoroscopic images of the bladder outlet and free Qmax, only 13.3% patients were obstructed.ConclusionsThe proposed urodynamic protocol allows for an optimal assessment of bladder and sphincter dysfunction and outlet obstruction in men with PPI. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are patient symptoms predictive of the diagnostic and/or therapeutic value of hydrodistention?
Authors: Cole Emily E. , Scarpero Harriette M. , Dmochowski Roger R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIntroductionHydrodistention (HD) has been utilized as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in patients with refractory and diverse pelvic floor symptoms, including bladder pain with or without irritative bladder symptoms such as urinary urgency and urinary frequency. We sought to determine whether we could better define in whom HD was a more valuable intervention by stratifying patients according to presenting symptoms.Materials and MethodsA retrospective review was performed on 185 patients who underwent HD at our institution by a single surgeon between 1/2002–8/2004. Subjects were placed into groups according to their symptoms. Group 1 (G1) patients reported pain with bladder filling that was relieved with emptying, group 2 (G2) reported constant pelvic pain unrelated to bladder filling or emptying, and group 3 (G3) reported urgency and frequency alone with no pain component. Anesthetic capacity, presence and severity of glomerulations post‐distention, and follow‐up at 1, 3, and 6 months were recorded for each patient.ResultsG1 included 40 patients with mean age of 42 (R = 16–77), G2 included 101 patients with mean age of 46 (R = 20–76), and G3 22 patients with mean age of 40 (R = 20–84). The mean anesthetic capacity was 715 ml, 725 ml, and 542 ml for G1, G2, and G3 respectively. ANOVA revealed a statistically significant reduction in the capacity of G3 when compared with the others (P = 0.0072). Glomerulations were present in 74% of G1, 72% of G2, and 86% of G3 patients. 61%, 33%, & 0% of G1 patients reported improvement at 1, 3, and 6 months respectively, 54%, 25%, & 7% of G2 patients reported improvement, and 50%, 19%, & 7% of G3 patients reported improvement. There were no statistically significant differences in the responses amongst the three groups.ConclusionsAlthough HD is frequently employed for patients with refractory pelvic pain and/or lower urinary tract complaints, results failed to identify any statistically significant differences in post‐distention objective findings (anesthetic capacity, glomerulations) or therapeutic benefits when patients are categorized according to presenting symptoms. Neurourol. Urdynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.