bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Organosilane With Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments To Minimize Fines Migration Into the Proppant Pack — A Field Application
Authors: El Shaari N. , Swint A. , Kalfayan L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
In many of California's shallow, low permeability formations hydraulic fracturing is necessary to enhance production rates. The low closure-stresses of some of these formations require effective proppant flowback control. Such control is not only necessary to minimize problems associated with sand production but also to preserve the integrity of the propped fracture and maintain propped fracture conductivity. Various additives and techniques have been successfully applied to control proppant flow back. These include resins, resin-coated sands, fibers, plastics, and deformable proppants.
Another well production problem associated with proppant pack conductivity loss, rarely addressed by the industry, is the migration of fines from the rock matrix into the proppant pack. Fines migration reduces the permeability of the proppant pack, causing a loss of conductivity. This loss of conductivity produces a choke effect and increases the rate of a well's production decline. In California's C/D sands, in the Lost Hills field, produced fines range in size from 0.06 mm up to 0.1 mm. These fines are larger than silts and clays but smaller than fine sands. Fines production, like those generated from the C/D sands, is a natural process caused by the movement of hydrocarbons and formation water into the wellbore.
An organosilane (referred to herein as "Organosilane") has been successfully applied in acidizing treatments to stabilize fines due to acid dissolution. A process was created in which Organosilane was utilized to also minimize fines migration with fractured wells. Organosilane was added at low concentrations into the pre-pad brine water injection prior to the main fracturing treatment. Based on this experience, well production results indicate the concept of adding organosilane, in conjunction with fracturing, maintained production and minimized well-pulling frequency due to fines intrusion. This paper reviews concepts and examples of treatment applications and their results.
Budgeting: An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Negotiation
Authors: Fisher Joseph G. , Frederickson James R. , Peffer Sean A. 
Published: March 2008

Despite the common use of negotiations to set budgets in practice, accounting research has focused primarily on budgets set unilaterally by subordinates, while goal-setting research in management has focused primarily on budgets set unilaterally by superiors. In addition, budgeting research in accounting has focused almost exclusively on the planning aspects of budgets to the exclusion of their motivational aspects. This study complements prior research in two ways. First, the study examines how budgets and the economic consequences of the budget-setting process differ when budgets are set through a negotiation process vs. when set unilaterally. The study also considers factors associated with negotiation agreement and the relation between agreement and the economic consequences of negotiated budgets. Second, the economic consequences examined are budgetary slack and subordinate performance, allowing us to address the trade-offs between the planning and motivational aspects of budgets.
Negotiated budgets differ from unilaterally set budgets in a manner consistent with social norms and/or information transfer occurring during negotiations. Both the budgets and the economic consequences of the budgetsetting process differ when budgets are set through a negotiation process where superiors have final authority in the event of a negotiation impasse vs. when set unilaterally by superiors. Further, negotiation agreement significantly affects the economic consequences of negotiated budgets. Budgets set through a negotiation process ending in agreement contain significantly less slack. A failed negotiation followed by superiors imposing a budget has a significant detrimental effect on subordinate performance.
Are M.B.A. Students a Good Proxy for Nonprofessional Investors?
Authors: Elliott W. Brooke , Hodge Frank D. , Kennedy Jane Jollineau , Pronk Maarten 
Published: March 2008

We investigate a key assumption underlying much of the experimental research in financial accounting that graduate business students are a good proxy for nonprofessional investors. To conduct our investigation, we categorize recent experimental studies in financial accounting, based on the relative level of integrative complexity inherent in each study's task. We then conduct experiments using two tasks, one that is relatively low in integrative complexity and one that is relatively high in integrative complexity, and compare the responses of two groups of M.B.A. students and nonprofessional investors.
Our results suggest that using M.B.A. students as a proxy for nonprofessional investors is a valid methodological choice, provided researchers give careful consideration to aligning a task's integrative complexity with the appropriate level of M.B.A. student. M.B.A. students who have completed their core M.B.A. courses and are enrolled in or have completed a financial statement analysis course are a good proxy for nonprofessional investors in tasks that are relatively low in integrative complexity. Though less definitive, the majority of our tests also suggest that these students are a good proxy for nonprofessional investors in tasks that are relatively high in integrative complexity. However, care must be taken when using students in the first-year core financial accounting course. In tasks that are relatively low in integrative complexity, these students perform similarly to nonprofessional investors except when they are asked to make an investment decision. In tasks that are relatively high in integrative complexity, these students acquire information similarly to nonprofessional investors, but they do not appear to integrate the information in a similar manner.
Adiponectin Reduces Plasma Triglyceride by Increasing VLDL Triglyceride Catabolism
Authors: Qiao Liping , Zou Chenhui , van der Westhuyzen Deneys R. , Shao Jianhua 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE—Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism. The main aims of this study are to investigate the effects of adiponectin on VLDL triglyceride (VLDL-TG) metabolism and the underlying mechanism.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Adenoviruses were used to generate a mouse model with elevated circulating adiponectin. HepG2 and C2C12 cells were treated with recombinant human adiponectin.
RESULTS—Three days after Ad-mACRP30 adenovirus injection, plasma adiponectin protein levels were increased 12-fold. All three main multimeric adiponectin molecules were proportionally elevated. Fasting plasma TG levels were significantly decreased (∼40%) in the mice with elevated adiponectin in circulation, as were the plasma levels of large and medium VLDL subclasses. Although apolipoprotein B mRNA levels were robustly suppressed in the livers of adiponectin-overexpressing mice and in cultured HepG2 cells treated with recombinant human adiponectin, hepatic VLDL-TG secretion rates were not altered by elevated plasma adiponectin. However, Ad-mACRP30–treated mice exhibited a significant increase of postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity compared with mice that received control viral vector. Skeletal muscle LPL activity and mRNA levels of LPL and VLDL receptor (VLDLr) were also increased in Ad-mACRP30–treated mice. Recombinant human adiponectin treatment increased LPL and VLDLr mRNA levels in differentiated C1C12 myotubes.
CONCLUSIONS—These results suggest that adiponectin decreases plasma TG levels by increasing skeletal muscle LPL and VLDLr expression and consequently VLDL-TG catabolism.
Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase Overexpression in Pancreatic β-Cells Results in Reduced Insulin Secretion
Authors: Kebede Melkam , Favaloro Jenny , Gunton Jenny E. , Laybutt D. Ross , Shaw Margaret , Wong Nicole , Fam Barbara C. , Aston-Mourney Kathryn , Rantzau Christian , Zulli Anthony , Proietto Joseph , Andrikopoulos Sofianos 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE—Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is a gluconeogenic enzyme that is upregulated in islets or pancreatic β-cell lines exposed to high fat. However, whether specific β-cell upregulation of FBPase can impair insulin secretory function is not known. The objective of this study therefore is to determine whether a specific increase in islet β-cell FBPase can result in reduced glucose-mediated insulin secretion.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—To test this hypothesis, we have generated three transgenic mouse lines overexpressing the human FBPase (huFBPase) gene specifically in pancreatic islet β-cells. In addition, to investigate the biochemical mechanism by which elevated FBPase affects insulin secretion, we made two pancreatic β-cell lines (MIN6) stably overexpressing huFBPase.
RESULTS—FBPase transgenic mice showed reduced insulin secretion in response to an intravenous glucose bolus. Compared with the untransfected parental MIN6, FBPase-overexpressing cells showed a decreased cell proliferation rate and significantly depressed glucose-induced insulin secretion. These defects were associated with a decrease in the rate of glucose utilization, resulting in reduced cellular ATP levels.
CONCLUSIONS—Taken together, these results suggest that upregulation of FBPase in pancreatic islet β-cells, as occurs in states of lipid oversupply and type 2 diabetes, contributes to insulin secretory dysfunction.
Critical Roles for Macrophages in Islet Angiogenesis and Maintenance During Pancreatic Degeneration
Authors: Tessem Jeffery S. , Jensen Jan N. , Pelli Hanna , Dai Xu-Ming , Zong Xiao-Hua , Stanley E. Richard , Jensen Jan , DeGregori James 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE— Chronic pancreatitis, characterized by pancreatic exocrine tissue destruction with initial maintenance of islets, eventually leads to insulin-dependent diabetes in most patients. Mice deficient for the transcription factors E2F1 and E2F2 suffer from a chronic pancreatitis-like syndrome and become diabetic. Surprisingly, onset of diabetes can be prevented through bone marrow transplantation. The goal of the described studies was to determine the hematopoietic cell type responsible for maintaining islets and the associated mechanism of this protection.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Mouse models of acute and chronic pancreatitis, together with mice genetically deficient for macrophage production, were used to determine roles for macrophages in islet angiogenesis and maintenance.
RESULTS— We demonstrate that macrophages are essential for preventing endocrine cell loss and diabetes. Macrophages expressing matrix metalloproteinase-9 migrate to the deteriorating pancreas. E2f1/E2f2 mutant mice transplanted with wild-type, but not macrophage-deficient colony stimulating factor 1 receptor mutant (Csf1r−/−), bone marrow exhibit increased angiogenesis and proliferation within islets, coinciding with increased islet mass. A similar macrophage dependency for islet and islet vasculature maintenance is observed during caerulein-induced pancreatitis.
CONCLUSIONS— These findings demonstrate that macrophages promote islet angiogenesis and protect against islet loss during exocrine degeneration, could explain why most patients with chronic pancreatitis develop diabetes, and suggest an avenue for preventing pancreatitis-associated diabetes.
Treatment of Obese Diabetic Mice With a Heme Oxygenase Inducer Reduces Visceral and Subcutaneous Adiposity, Increases Adiponectin Levels, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Li Ming , Kim Dong Hyun , Tsenovoy Peter L. , Peterson Stephen J. , Rezzani Rita , Rodella Luigi F. , Aronow Wilbert S. , Ikehara Susumu , Abraham Nader G. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE—We hypothesized that the induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and increased HO activity, which induces arterial antioxidative enzymes and vasoprotection in a mouse and a rat model of diabetes, would ameliorate insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes in the ob mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Lean and ob mice were intraperitoneally administered the HO-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin (3 mg/kg CoPP) with and without the HO inhibitor stannous mesoporphyrin (2 mg/100 g SnMP) once a week for 6 weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, and serum cytokines and adiponectin were measured. Aorta, adipose tissue, bone marrow, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated and assessed for HO expression and adipogenesis.
RESULTS—HO activity was reduced in ob mice compared with age-matched lean mice. Administration of CoPP caused a sustained increase in HO-1 protein, prevented weight gain, decreased visceral and subcutaneous fat content (P &lt; 0.03 and 0.01, respectively, compared with vehicle animals), increased serum adiponectin, and decreased plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels (P &lt; 0.05). HO-1 induction improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance and decreased insulin levels. Upregulation of HO-1 decreased adipogenesis in bone marrow in vivo and in cultured MSCs and increased adiponectin levels in the culture media. Inhibition of HO activity decreased adiponectin and increased secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels in ob mice.
CONCLUSIONS—This study provides strong evidence for the existence of an HO-1–adiponectin regulatory axis that can be manipulated to ameliorate the deleterious effects of obesity and the metabolic syndrome associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
C-Reactive Protein in Estimating Inflammatory Status in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Dimitrijević Olivera , Đorić-Stojčevski Blagica , Ignjatović Svetlana , Majkić-Singh Nada 
Published: March 2008

C-Reactive Protein in Estimating Inflammatory Status in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Chronic inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and is considered as a risk factor for the occurrence of acute coronary events, together with traditional risk factors such as age, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and genetic predisposition. In this study, inflammatory status was estimated in patients with acute coronary syndrome. C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white blood cell count were measured at admission to the hospital in 25 patients with unstable angina pectoris and 31 patients with acute myocardial infarction, and compared with healthy control group (n = 59). C-reactive protein was the only parameter that differed significantly between all three groups (p < 0.0001), and patients with unstable angina had higher levels (median 7.28 mg/L) than patients with myocardial infarction (4.10 mg/L) and control group (1.07 mg/L). The obtained results show that levels of chronic inflammation in patients with acute coronary syndrome are significantly higher than baseline inflammation levels in a healthy population.
Alanine Aminopeptidase, γ-Glutamyl Transferase and β2-microglobulin as Diagnostic Markers in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Spasovski Dejan , Gruev Todor , Marina Nada , Calovski Jordan , Rajčevska Ljubinka , Perčinkova Snežana , Kafeđiska Irena , Cakalaroski Kočo , Slaninka-Micevska Maja 
Published: March 2008

Alanine Aminopeptidase, γ-Glutamyl Transferase and β2-microglobulin as Diagnostic Markers in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the values of alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and β2-Microglobulin in urine (β2-M), in untreated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to define the effect of untreated rheumatoid arthritis on the tubular function and brush border region. We used a kinetic assay for AAP, standard methods by the IFCC for γ-glutamyl transferase and MEIA for the determination of β2-Microglobulin in urine in 70 participants (35 untreated RA patients, 35 healthy individuals). From the total of 35 RA patients, 24 patients had AAP (sensitivity of the test 68.57%), 16 patients had γ-GT enzymuria (sensitivity of the test 45.71%), while the presence of β2-Microglobulin in urine was found in a very low percentage. Out of 18 RF negative patients, 14 patients are AAP positive, 10 patients were γ-GT positive, while the presence of β2-Microglobulin in urine was not detected. Among 17 RF positive RA patients, the presence of AAP was noticed in 10, the presence of γ-GT in 6 patients, while the presence of β2-Microglobulin in urine was not detected. AAP has higher sensitivity than γ-GT and β2-Microglobulin in the detection of asymptomatic renal lesions in untreated RA.
The vestibular aqueduct: site of origin of endolymphatic sac tumors
Authors: Lonser Russell R. , Baggenstos Martin , Kim H. Jeffrey , Butman John A. , Vortmeyer Alexander O. 
Published: March 2008

Object
Although endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) frequently destroy the posterior petrous bone and cause hearing loss, the anatomical origin of these neoplasms is unknown. To determine the precise topographic origin of ELSTs, the authors analyzed the imaging, operative, and pathological findings in patients with von Hippel–Lindau disease (VHL) and ELSTs.

Methods
Consecutive VHL patients with small (≤ 1.5 cm) ELSTs who underwent resection at the National Institutes of Health were included. Clinical, imaging, operative, and pathological findings were analyzed.

Results
Ten consecutive VHL patients (6 male and 4 female) with 10 small ELSTs (≤ 1.5 cm; 9 left, 1 right) were included. Serial imaging captured the development of 6 ELSTs and revealed that they originated within the intraosseous (vestibular aqueduct) portion of the endolymphatic duct/sac system. Imaging just before surgery demonstrated that the epicenters of 9 ELSTs (1 ELST was not visible on preoperative imaging) were in the vestibular aqueduct. Inspection during surgery established that all 10 ELSTs were limited to the intraosseous endolymphatic duct/sac and the immediately surrounding region. Histological analysis confirmed tumor within the intraosseous portion (vestibular aqueduct) of the endolymphatic duct/sac in all 10 patients.

Conclusions
ELSTs originate from endolymphatic epithelium within the vestibular aqueduct. High-resolution imaging through the region of the vestibular aqueduct is essential for diagnosis. Surgical exploration of the endolymphatic duct and sac is required for complete resection.
Honoring the 75th anniversary of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons
Authors: Laws Edward R. 
Published: March 2008

Ever since the Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) published its first volume in 1944, the journal has reflected the scientific, technical, and clinical evolution of our specialty and parent organization, first called the Harvey Cushing Society and later the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The JNS has been an uncompromising arbiter of progress in our specialty, and its superb editorial stewardship has led to its recognition as the premier journal in the field. The impact rating of JNS and its wide circulation among neurosurgeons worldwide are two of the many reasons why most of the truly innovative and paradigm-shifting advances in neurosurgery have been published in its pages.
As part of the 75th anniversary of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons celebration, the JNS Publishing Group has initiated a project of reviewing papers published over the years that have had the highest impact factor and greatest scientific interest: papers that have heralded new knowledge, new concepts, and new techniques that have been at the heart of modern neurosurgery and its continuing excitement and progress. We hope you will enjoy these articles and the accompanying commentaries. In this issue we present the next paper in this series.
Endoscopic transcervical odontoidectomy for pediatric basilar invagination and cranial settling
Authors: McGirt Matthew J. , Attenello Frank J. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Wolinsky Jean-Paul 
Published: March 2008

✓ Pediatric basilar invagination and cranial settling have traditionally been approached through a transoral–transpharyngeal route with or without extended maxillotomy or mandibulotomy for resection of the anterior portion of C-1 and the odontoid. The authors hypothesize that application of a recently described endoscopic transcervical odontoidectomy (ETO) technique would allow an alternative approach for the treatment of ventral pathological entities at the craniocervical junction in pediatric patients.
The authors performed ETO in a consecutive series of pediatric patients presenting with myelopathy or bulbar dysfunction resulting from basilar invagination or cranial settling. All clinical, radiographic, surgical, and follow-up data were prospectively collected. The initial experience with ETO in the pediatric population is analyzed and outcomes are reported. Three patients required ETO for basilar invagination and 1 required ETO with anterior C-1 arch and distal clivus resection for cranial settling. All patients presented with myelopathy. One patient was wheelchair bound with severe quadriparesis. The mean age was 14 ± 3 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) in the 2 male and 2 female patients. The ETO and posterior fusion were performed as a 2-stage procedure in 2 (50%) and as a single-stage procedure in 2 (50%) cases. Prolonged intubation or postoperative placement of a gastrostomy tube was not needed in any case. The postoperative hospitalization lasted 9 ± 4 days (mean ± SD). At last follow-up (mean 5 months), head and neck pain had resolved and motor strength had improved or stabilized in all cases. All 4 children were independently functioning and ambulatory at the last follow-up.
In the authors' initial experience, ETO has allowed ventral brainstem decompression without the need for prolonged intubation, worsening dysphagia requiring enteral tube feeding, or prolonged hospitalization, and has resulted in cosmetically appealing results. The ETO technique allows an alternative approach for the treatment of ventral pathological entities at the craniocervical junction in pediatric patients.