bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized unresectable non‐rhabdo soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities in pediatric age
Authors: Cecchetto Giovanni , Alaggio Rita , Dall'Igna Patrizia , Bisogno Gianni , Ferrari Andrea , Gigante Cosimo , Casanova Michela , Sotti Guido , Zanetti Ilaria , Carli Modesto 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDTreatment of initially unresectable nonrhabdo soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) in pediatric age is debated, due to their different chemosensitivity. The authors objective was to evaluate clinical features and treatment results observed in a series of Italian patients over a 24‐year period.METHODSFifty‐two patients age 8–18 years (median 8 years) were observed (1979–2002). Primary sites were on the lower limbs in 41 and on the upper limbs in 11 cases. Clinical TNM and surgical Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Staging systems were adopted. Therapeutic guidelines recommended an initial biopsy plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Aggressive delayed surgery of residual disease, including compartmental resections, was recommended. Radiotherapy was suggested only for patients age > 3 years when surgery was incomplete or not feasible.RESULTSThe evaluation was performed dividing the patients into two categories according to their chemosensitivity. Chemosensitive (CTs) sarcomas, 21: synovial sarcoma, 11; extraosseous Ewing sarcomas, 5; primitive peripheral neuroectodermic tumors, 5. Nonchemosensitive (CTns) sarcomas, 31: fibrosarcoma, 11; malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumors, 10; liposarcoma, 2; hemangiopericitoma adult type, 2; epithelioid sarcoma, 2; and alveolar soft part sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, and sarcoma NOS, each 1. Nineteen of 21 patients with CTs‐NRSTS were alive without disease: the 5‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 94.4% and 79.3%, respectively; 23 of 31 patients with CTns‐NRSTS were alive without disease: 5‐year OS and PFS were 75.3% and 68.3%, respectively. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was complete or partial in 10 of 20 evaluable CTs and in 8 of 26 evaluable CTns tumors. The achievement of complete delayed resection was particularly important for CTns‐NRSTS. Tumor size < 5 cm, distal site, and tumor grading for CTns sarcomas were often linked to a favorable outcome; no conclusive results were detected concerning age of the patients or T status of the tumor.CONCLUSIONSMultidisciplinary treatment without mutilating procedures allowed the cure of most patients with CTs and CTns‐NRSTS. Relapses were cured in several cases of CTs tumors, whereas almost all patients with relapsed CTns tumors died due to the high rate of metastatic spread. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A comparison of sequenced individual and group psychotherapy for patients with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Nevonen Lauri , Broberg Anders G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined the effectiveness of individual (IND) versus group (GRP) therapy for patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), using a manual of sequenced treatment with cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) followed by interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT).MethodEighty‐six participants with BN were matched and randomized to 23 sessions of IND or GRP. Participants were measured pretreatment and posttreatment and at 1‐year and 2.5‐year follow‐ups using both intent‐to‐treat and completer samples.ResultsThe intent‐to‐treat analysis revealed that the percentage of participants recovered and remitted was equivalent between IND and GRP. Significant group differences were found between completers on binge eating and compensatory behavior with greater improvement for IND. On most measures, effect sizes were larger for IND at 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionSequencing CBT and IPT worked well in both IND and GRP formats. We found few outcome differences between IND as opposed to GRP. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors and patterns of onset in binge eating disorder
Authors: Manwaring Jamie L. , Hilbert Anja , Wilfley Denise E. , Pike Kathleen M. , Fairburn Christopher G. , Dohm Faith‐Anne , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined risk factors in women with binge eating disorder (BED) who began binging before dieting (binge‐first [BF]) compared with women with BED who began dieting before binging (diet‐first [DF]). It further aimed to replicate findings regarding eating disorder and general psychopathology among BF versus DF subtypes.MethodOne hundred fifty‐five women with BED completed the Oxford Risk Factor Interview to retrospectively assess risk factors occurring before eating disturbance onset. Clinical interview assessed eating disorder and general psychopathology.ResultsOverall, no significant differences in risk factors emerged between the groups. The BF group had a significantly earlier onset of BED than the DF group. In contradistinction to previous studies, the DF group endorsed more eating disorder psychopathology and lifetime diagnosis of any substance use disorder.ConclusionLimited support was seen for different risk factors in BF versus DF women, suggesting similar etiologic pathways in both subtypes. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An update on the definition of “excessive exercise” in eating disorders research
Authors: Mond Jonathan M. , Hay Phillipa J. , Rodgers Bryan , Owen Cathy 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe current study informed the definition of “excessive exercise” by examining relations between exercise behavior, eating‐disordered behavior, and quality of life (QOL) in a community sample of women.MethodSelf‐report measures of frequency of exercise, obligatory exercise and motivation for exercise, and of eating disorder psychopathology and QOL, were completed by 3,472 women aged 18–42 years who engaged in regular exercise.ResultsThe extent to which exercise is intended to influence weight or shape and the degree to which guilt is experienced when exercise is postphoned were the exercise variables most strongly associated with elevated levels of eating disorder psychopathology and reduced QOL. Subgroups of participants who reported exercising solely for weight and shape reasons (n = 322 [9.3%]), intense guilt after postponement of exercise (n = 136 [3.9%]), or both (n = 116 [3.3%]), had markedly elevated levels of eating disorder psychopathology. There was no association between excessive exercise and reduced QOL after the effects of eating disorder psychopathology were statistically controlled.ConclusionThe findings suggest that exercise is excessive when its postponement is accompanied by intense guilt or when it is undertaken solely to influence weight or shape. Operational definitions of excessive exercise might usefully include reference to these terms. The findings may also be of benefit in informing the content of prevention programs, which address dysfunctional exercise behavior. Excessive exercise is unlikely to be associated with impairment in psychosocial functioning in the absence of eating disorder psychopathology. It may, however, be a useful indicator of such psychopathology. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Twelve‐year course and outcome predictors of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Fichter Manfred M. , Quadflieg Norbert , Hedlund Susanne 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe current study presents the long‐term course of anorexia nervosa (AN) over 12 years in a large sample of 103 patients diagnosed according to criteria in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV).MethodAssessments were made at the beginning of therapy, at the end of therapy, at the 2‐year follow‐up, at the 6‐year follow‐up, and at the 12‐year follow‐up. Self‐rating and an expert‐rating interview data were obtained.ResultsThe participation rate at the 12‐year follow‐up was 88% of those alive. There was substantial improvement during therapy, a moderate (in many instances nonsignificant) decline during the first 2 years posttreatment, and further improvement from 3 to 12 years posttreatment. Based on a global 12‐year outcome score, 27.5% had a good outcome, 25.3% an intermediate outcome, 39.6% had a poor outcome, and 7 (7.7%) were deceased. At the 12‐year follow‐up 19.0% had AN, 9.5% had bulimia nervosa‐purging type (BN‐P), 19.0% were classified as eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). A total of 52.4% showed no major DSM‐IV eating disorder and 0% had binge eating disorder (BED). Systematic—strictly empirically based—model building resulted in a parsimonious model including four predictors of unfavorable 12‐year outcome explaining 45% of the variance, that is, sexual problems, impulsivity, long duration of inpatient treatment, and long duration of an eating disorder.ConclusionMortality was high and symptomatic recovery protracted. Impulsivity, symptom severity, and chronicity were the important factors for predicting the 12‐year outcome. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overeating among seriously overweight children seeking treatment: Results of the children's eating disorder examination
Authors: Levine Michele D. , Ringham Rebecca M. , Kalarchian Melissa A. , Wisniewski Lucene , Marcus Marsha D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to examine rates of eating disorder symptoms among seriously overweight children seeking treatment using the Eating Disorder Examination for Children (ChEDE) and to provide initial data about their association with treatment outcome.MethodOverweight children (N = 27) 8–13 years old were interviewed using the ChEDE before participating in a family‐based behavioral treatment program. Height and weight were measured pretreatment, posttreatment, and approximately 8 months posttreatment.ResultsFifteen percent of children reported subjective bulimic episodes (SBE). Weight loss did not differ for children with and without SBEs, but concerns about body shape were related to larger weight losses during treatment.ConclusionA considerable minority of treatment‐seeking overweight children report an episodic sense of loss of control over eating. Loss of control is related to other disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, but does not appear to affect treatment outcome. Future studies are needed to replicate these initial findings. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formation of 3D Dandelions and 2D Nanowalls of Copper Phosphate Dihydrate on a Copper Surface and Their Conversion into a Nanoporous CuO Film
Authors: Wu Xufeng , Shi Gaoquan , Wang Shibin , Wu Peiyi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract3D dandelion‐like porous nanostructures and 2D nanowalls of copper phosphate dihydrate built up of thin nanosheets have been synthesized simply by corrosion of a copper foil with aqueous phosphoric acid under mild conditions. The composition of the nanostructures has been confirmed by XRD, ICP‐AES, and Raman spectroscopy. Controlling the initial concentration of the acid and the conditions of drop drying allows control of the morphology of the nanostructures. The phosphate nanostructures can be converted into nanoporous CuO films by pyrolysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Influence of Solvent on Ligand‐Substitution Reactions of PtII Complexes as Function of the ‐Acceptor Properties of the Spectator Chelate
Authors: Weber Christian F. , van Eldik Rudi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA detailed kinetic study of the substitution reactions of [PtII(L3)Cl]+ complexes, where L3 represents a tridentate N‐donor chelate which contains different numbers of π‐acceptor pyridine units, with thiourea as a function of nucleophile concentration, temperature and pressure was undertaken in a series of solvents of different polarity, viz. 1‐pentanol, 1‐propanol, ethanol, methanol and water. The substitution behaviour of [Pt(diethylenetriamine)Cl]+ (aaa), [Pt{2,6‐bis(aminomethyl)pyridine}Cl]+ (apa), [Pt{bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine}Cl]+ (pap) and [Pt(terpy)Cl]+ (ppp) was studied in the selected solvents. In the case of alcoholic solutions, an increase in the substitution rate with increasing length of the carbon chain was observed, which is ascribed to the possible role of van der Waals forces in stabilizing the transition state. In the case of methanol and water as solvent, the second‐order rate constants correlate with the polarity of the solvent. The activation parameters for the substitution of the aaa, apa, pap, and ppp complexes in methanol and water were determined, from which evidence for an associative mechanism was obtained. The introduction of π‐acceptor ligands leads to a higher electrophilicity of the platinum(II) centre and consequently a higher lability of the complex. The reactivity of the complexes is controlled by a combination of solvent and π‐acceptor effects. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Keyed permutations for fast data scrambling
Authors: Bagini Vittorio , Morgari Guglielmo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe hardware design of key‐controlled networks that uniformly generate sets of permutations of any even number of inputs is studied. A model is developed in which a necessary and sufficient condition to obtain a one‐to‐one correspondence between key values and permutations is found. Furthermore the network depth corresponding to the maximum key length matching the condition is determined. An algorithm for designing networks with the stated properties is given and a generalisation to any odd number of inputs is obtained. Copyright © 2005 AEIT.
Simulation of viscous water column collapse using adapting hierarchical grids
Authors: Greaves Deborah M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn adaptive hierarchical grid‐based method for predicting complex free surface flows is used to simulate collapse of a water column. Adapting quadtree grids are combined with a high‐resolution interface‐capturing approach and pressure‐based coupling of the Navier–Stokes equations. The Navier–Stokes flow solution scheme is verified for simulation of flow in a lid‐driven cavity at Re=1000. Two approaches to the coupling of the Navier–Stokes equations are investigated as are alternative face velocity and hanging node interpolations. Collapse of a water column as well as collapse of a water column and its subsequent interaction with an obstacle are simulated. The calculations are made on uniform and adapting quadtree grids, and the accuracy of the quadtree calculations is shown to be the same as those made on the equivalent uniform grids. Results are in excellent agreement with experimental and other numerical data. A sharp interface is maintained at the free surface. The new adapting quadtree‐based method achieves a considerable saving in the size of the computational grid and CPU time in comparison with calculations made on equivalent uniform grids. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational modelling of variably saturated flow in porous media with complex three‐dimensional geometries
Authors: McBride D. , Cross M. , Croft N. , Bennett C. , Gebhardt J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA computational procedure is presented for solving complex variably saturated flows in porous media, that may easily be implemented into existing conventional finite‐volume‐based computational fluid dynamics codes, so that their functionality might be geared upon to readily enable the modelling of a complex suite of interacting fluid, thermal and chemical reaction process physics. This procedure has been integrated within a multi‐physics finite volume unstructured mesh framework, allowing arbitrarily complex three‐dimensional geometries to be modelled. The model is particularly targeted at ore heap‐leaching processes, which encounter complex flow problems, such as infiltration into dry soil, drainage, perched water tables and flow through heterogeneous materials, but is equally applicable to any process involving flow through porous media, such as in environmental recovery processes. The computational procedure is based on the mixed form of the classical Richards equation, employing an adaptive transformed mixed algorithm that is numerically robust and significantly reduces compute (or CPU) time. The computational procedure isaccurate(compares well with other methods and analytical data),comprehensive(representing any kind of porous flow model), and iscomputationallyefficient. As such, this procedure provides a suitable basis for the implementation of large‐scale industrial heap‐leach models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing the construct validity of willingness to pay valuations using objective information about risk and health benefit
Authors: Philips Zoë , Whynes David K. , Avis Mark 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper describes an experiment to test the construct validity of contingent valuation, by eliciting women's valuations for the NHS cervical cancer screening programme. It is known that, owing to low levels of knowledge of cancer and screening in the general population, women both over‐estimate the risk of disease and the efficacy of screening. The study is constructed as a randomised experiment, in which one group is provided with accurate information about cervical cancer screening, whilst the other is not. The first hypothesis supporting construct validity, that controls who perceive greater benefits from screening will offer higher valuations, is substantiated. Both groups are then provided with objective information on an improvement to the screening programme, and are asked to value the improvement as an increment to their original valuations. The second hypothesis supporting construct validity, that controls who perceive the benefits of the programme to be high already will offer lower incremental valuations, is also substantiated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidepressants and their effect on sleep
Authors: Mayers Andrew G. , Baldwin David S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractGiven the relationship between sleep and depression, there is inevitably going to be an effect of antidepressants on sleep. Current evidence suggests that this effect depends on the class of antidepressant used and the dosage. The extent of variation between the effects of antidepressants and sleep may relate to their mechanism of action. This systematic review examines randomised‐controlled trials (RCTs) that have reported the effect that antidepressants appear to have on sleep. RCTs are not restricted to depressed populations, since several studies provide useful information about the effects on sleep in other groups. Nevertheless, the distinction is made between those studies because the participant's health may influence the baseline sleep profiles and the effect of the antidepressant. Insomnia is often seen with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), with all tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) except amitriptyline, and all selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) with venlafaxine and moclobemide as well. Sedation has been reported with all TCAs except desipramine, with mirtazapine and nefazodone, the TCA‐related maprotiline, trazodone and mianserin, and with all MAOIs. REM sleep suppression has been observed with all TCAs except trimipramine, but especially clomipramine, with all MAOIs and SSRIs and with venlafaxine, trazodone and bupropion. However, the effect on sleep varies between compounds within antidepressant classes, differences relating to the amount of sedative or alerting (insomnia) effects, changes to baseline sleep parameters, differences relating to REM sleep, and the degree of sleep‐related side effects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer incidence of persons with down syndrome in Finland: A population‐based study
Authors: Patja Kristiina , Pukkala Eero , Sund Reijo , Iivanainen Matti , Kaski Markus 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a predisposition to leukaemia and testicular cancer, but data on the incidence of cancers are yet sparse. A cohort of 3,581 persons with DS was identified from a National Registry of Finnish persons with intellectual disability collected between 1978 and 1986 and followed‐up for cancer incidence until 2002. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were defined as ratios of observed number of cancer cases to those expected from the national cancer incidence rates, by age and sex. The overall cancer risk was equal to that of the general population, but a significantly high risk of leukaemia (SIR 10.5, CI 95% 6.6–15.8) and testicular cancer (SIR4.8, CI 95% 1.8–10.4) was found. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of race and baseline PSA on longitudinal PSA
Authors: McGreevy Katharine , Rodgers Keith , Lipsitz Stuart , Bissada Nabil , Hoel David 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThere is an increasing debate regarding the frequency of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing and the current primary screening modality used to detect prostate cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine whether PSA screening intervals should be based on initial PSA. Our study explores longitudinal changes of PSA levels in black and white males separately. Study participants were 768 white and 450 black males attending an annual prostate cancer screening. We fit a longitudinal repeated measures model separately for blacks and whites and estimated the probability of PSA converting to greater than 4.0 ng/ml at a follow‐up year given baseline PSA range among males without an abnormal DRE. Black and white males with a baseline PSA between 0 and 1.0 ng/ml, with a healthy or enlarged prostate, have a less than 1% chance that their PSA will increase above 4.0 ng/ml over the following 5 years. Black and white males with a PSA between 1.0 and 1.9 ng/ml have a less than 1% chance of PSA conversion to greater than 4.0 ng/ml over the next year. Our findings further support that annual screening for prostate cancer may not be necessary, specifically males with a baseline PSA less than 2.0 may not need to undergo annual screening. Our results suggest that race does not affect the longitudinal trend of PSA enough to warrant setting screening intervals based on race. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thyroid hormone receptor β1 in normal colon and colorectal cancer–association with differentiation, polypoid growth type and K‐ras mutations
Authors: Hörkkö Tuomo T. , Tuppurainen Karoliina , George Susannah M. , Jernvall Petra , Karttunen Tuomo J. , Mäkinen Markus J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe precursors for colorectal cancer include polypoid (conventional), flat and serrated adenomas. Polypoid growth in polypoid adenomas and serrated adenomas is associated with K‐ras mutations. The regulation of polypoid or nonpolypoid growth is not well known, but could be related to trophic stimuli, such as thyroid hormones. Hence, we investigated the expression pattern of thyroid hormone receptor TRβ1 in colorectal mucosa and in colorectal tumours and its relationship to tumour growth type. One hundred fourteen colorectal carcinoma specimens were evaluated for TRβ1. Normal mucosa, adjacent adenomatous component (N = 46) and lymph node metastases (N = 28) were analysed when present, and the results were confirmed by Western blot analysis in selected cases. Nuclear TRβ1 was almost always present in normal epithelium (96%), but less frequent in adenomas (83%) and in cancer (68%; p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). TRβ1 was associated with polypoid growth, presence of K‐ras mutations and also with a higher WHO histological grade and advanced Dukes' stage. Cytoplasmic expression of TRβ1 was observed in nonneoplastic and neoplastic epithelium. In Western blot analysis, a 58 kDa band corresponding to TRβ1 was expressed in normal mucosa and in colorectal cancer specimens with positive immunohistochemistry. Association of TRβ1 expression with growth pattern and the presence of K‐ras mutations suggest that abnormalities in thyroid hormone signalling involving TRβ1 play a role in the development of some types of colorectal adenocarcinomas. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.