bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using wind fields from a high‐resolution atmospheric model for simulating snow dynamics in mountainous terrain
Authors: Bernhardt M. , Zängl G. , Liston G. E. , Strasser U. , Mauser W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWind‐induced snow transport has remarkable effects on the snow cover spatial variability and on the temporal dynamics of snowmelt runoff. For accurate snow cover modelling, valid atmospheric forcing fields are essential. Since it is impossible to generate appropriate wind fields by a simple spatial interpolation of station data, a new approach was developed: A modified version of the Penn State University‐National Centre for Atmospheric Research (MM5) model was used to generate wind fields with 200‐m resolution. Because of the high computational costs of MM5, it was not practicable to include the wind field generation as an operational part of the snow cover modelling. Therefore, an archive consisting of 220 wind fields was generated prior to the simulation of the snow transport processes. These fields represent the most relevant synoptic situations for wind‐induced snow transport occurring at our test site. The criteria to generate which wind field to use in a specific snow model time step are mean wind speed and direction at the 700 hPa level derived from German Weather Service/Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) Lokalmodell (LM) analysis data. The wind field library provided physically derived wind speed and direction fields that were used to drive a snow transport model (SnowTran‐3D) in a high Alpine area in the Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany. In complex Alpine terrain, the procedure provides an alternative to simple interpolation methods, yielding improved physical realism at reasonable computational expense. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of operational strategies for logical and optimal use of irrigation water in a downstream control system
Authors: Ghumman A. R. , Khan M. Z. , Khan A. H. , Munir S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPakistan is endowed with one of the largest contiguous irrigation systems in the world. Considerable food production per unit area and per unit of water is inevitable to meet present‐day needs. The optimal use and effective management of water resources may lead to a significant increase in food production. The present study evaluates two different operational strategies for optimal and economical use of water in a downstream control irrigation system of the Upper Swat Canal in the North West Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. Firstly, the computerized weekly rotational scheduling was determined by using the Crop Based Irrigation Operation (CBIO) software developed by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Secondly, the application of CBIO coupled with closing the canals at night was simulated using the Canal Management Model (CanalMan).Maps of the command area and primary data used for simulations were collected from various sources. Maps were digitized using a geographical information system to determine accurate data. It is observed that there is oversupply to the system as compared to the crop water requirements during periods of low demand. Significant savings of irrigation water were found by using CBIO and night‐time closure of canals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of distribution factor technique for water allocation in rotational irrigation
Authors: Tongongar Belembaye , Chen Jin‐Hwa , Kan Chun‐E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractYield failure is often caused by the uncertainty of supply or the shortage of water at the critical period of crop growth. This situation compels farmers and engineers to find ways to efficiently use the available resource. Reduction of irrigation depth or extension of irrigation interval are the methods commonly adopted. Another alternative is the application of the rotational irrigation technique instead of continuous irrigation. The question is how to adjust the water supply to minimize crop yield losses. Water supply itself is a dynamic parameter depending on farm size, canal capacity and crop growth stages. The distribution factor (DF) is a technique of water distribution based on the dynamic character of the supply over the growth stages. It allows categorization of the allocation of the available water in the farm within the limit of the channel capacity to satisfy crop water needs. The procedure was applied to a set of 24 farms in 2006 in the Chianan Irrigation Association which frequently experiences water shortages. The results showed that if a uniform reduction of water supply could be applied during moderate water shortages, DF made it possible to rationally distribute water among rotational groups in severe shortage conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Biomonitoring Equivalents to interpret human biomonitoring data in a public health risk context
Authors: Hays Sean M. , Aylward Lesa L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIncreasingly sensitive analytical tools allow measurement of trace concentrations of chemicals in human biological media in persons from the general population. Such data are being generated by biomonitoring programs conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and other researchers. However, few screening tools are available for interpretation of such data in a health risk assessment context. This review describes the concept and implementation of Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs), estimates of the concentration of a chemical or metabolite in a biological medium that is consistent with an existing exposure guidance value such as a tolerable daily intake or reference dose. The BE approach integrates available pharmacokinetic data to convert an existing exposure guidance value into an equivalent concentration in a biological medium. Key concepts regarding the derivation and communication of BE values resulting from an expert workshop held in 2007 are summarized. BE derivations for four case study chemicals (toluene, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, cadmium and acrylamide) are presented, and the interpretation of biomonitoring data for these chemicals is presented using the BE values. These case studies demonstrate that a range of pharmacokinetic data and approaches can be used to derive BE values; fully developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, while useful, are not required. The resulting screening level evaluation can be used to classify these compounds into relative categories of low, medium and high priority for risk assessment follow‐up. Future challenges related to the derivation and use of BE values as tools in risk management are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Piperine activates testicular apoptosis in adult rats
Authors: D'Cruz Shereen Cynthia , Vaithinathan S. , Saradha B. , Mathur P. P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPiperine, an alkaloid present in the fruits of commonly used spice pepper, is known to impair reproductive functions. In the present study, piperine was administered to adult male rats at the dose levels of 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days to evaluate its effects on the testis. A significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the testis was observed at 10 and 100 mg of piperine administration when compared with the controls. A dose‐dependent increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide generation was also observed. Sialic acid levels in the testis were also found to be decreased when piperine was administered at 10 and 100 mg dose levels. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated a dose‐dependent increase in caspase 3 and Fas protein in testicular germ cells after piperine treatment. These observations indicate that piperine induces oxidative stress and thereby triggers apoptosis in the testis, contributing to hampered reproductive functions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:382–388, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20251
Novel indoloquinoline derivative, IQDMA, inhibits STAT5 signaling associated with apoptosis in K562 cells
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Huei , Chien Ching‐Ming , Su Jung‐Chen , Chen Yeh‐Long , Chang Long‐Sen , Lin Shinne‐Ren 
Published: December 2008

AbstractN′‐(11H‐indolo[3,2‐c]quinolin‐6‐yl)‐N,N‐dimethylethane‐1,2‐diamine (IQDMA), an indoloquinoline derivative, synthesized in our laboratory, has been demonstrated to be an effective antitumor agent in human leukemia cells. In the present study, treatment with IQDMA inhibited phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Src, Bcr‐Abl, and Janus‐activated kinase (JAK2) in a time‐dependent manner. IQDMA also degraded JAK2 protein. Moreover, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling were also blocked by IQDMA. However, IQDMA did not inhibit other oncogenic and tumor survival pathways such as those mediated by Akt and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2. Furthermore, IQDMA upregulated the expression of p21 and p27 and downregulated the expression of cyclin D1, myeloid cell leukemia‐1(Mcl‐1), Bcl‐XL, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Taken together, these results indicate that IQDMA causes significant induction of apoptosis in K562 cells via downregulation of EGFR, Src, Bcr‐Abl, JAK2, and STAT5 signaling and modulation of p21, p27, cyclin D1, Mcl‐1, Bcl‐XL, and VEGF proteins. Thus, IQDMA appears to be a potential therapeutic agent for treating leukemia K562 cells. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:396–404, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20254
N‐nitrosodimethylamine changes the expression of glutathioneS‐transferase in the liver of male mice: The role of antioxidants
Authors: Sheweita S. A. , Mousa N. , Al‐Masry H. M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated the protective effect of gossypol, selenium, zinc, or glutathione (GSH) against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)‐induced hepatotoxicity in the livers of male mice. The expression and the activity of glutathioneS‐transferase (GST), levels of GSH, and free radicals (malondialdehyde (MDA)), as well as the activity of glutathione reductase were determined after the treatment of mice for seven consecutive days with low or high doses of gossypol, selenium, zinc, or GSH. In experimental groups, DMN was administered as a single dose for 2 h after the repeated dose treatments of mice for seven consecutive days with each antioxidant. DMN reduced the expression and inhibited the activity of GST. However, repeated treatments of mice with low‐dose gossypol or high dose of either selenium or GSH followed by a single dose of DMN induced the expression and the activity of GST. In contrast, low‐dose treatments of mice with zinc, selenium, or GSH followed by a single dose of DMN reduced the expression and the activity of GST compared to either control or DMN‐treated groups. In addition, high‐dose treatment with either gossypol or selenium markedly induced the levels of GSH compared to either control or DMN‐treated groups. Interestingly, pretreatment of mice with high dose of either gossypol or selenium for seven consecutive days followed by a single dose of DMN decreased the levels of MDA, whereas DMN induced such levels. It is concluded that high dose of either gossypol or selenium is a stronger protector than zinc and GSH in ameliorating the toxic effects of DMN. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:389–395, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20255
Cell surface heparan sulfate released by heparanase promotes melanoma cell migration and angiogenesis
Authors: Roy Madhuchhanda , Marchetti Dario 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are essential components of the cell‐surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) which provide structural integrity and act as storage depots for growth factors and chemokines, through their HS side chains. Heparanase (HPSE) is the only mammalian endoglycosidase known that cleaves HS, thus contributing to matrix degradation and cell invasion. The enzyme acts as an endo‐β‐D‐glucuronidase resulting in HS fragments of discrete molecular weight size. Cell‐surface HS is known to inhibit or stimulate tumorigenesis depending upon size and composition. We hypothesized that HPSE contributes to melanoma metastasis by generating bioactive HS from the cell‐surface to facilitate biological activities of tumor cells as well as tumor microenvironment. We removed cell‐surface HS from melanoma (B16B15b) by HPSE treatment and resulting fragments were isolated. Purified cell‐surface HS stimulated in vitro B16B15b cell migration but not proliferation, and importantly, enhanced in vivo angiogenesis. Furthermore, melanoma cell‐surface HS did not affect in vitro endothelioma cell (b.End3) migration. Our results provide direct evidence that, in addition to remodeling ECM and releasing growth factors and chemokines, HPSE contributes to aggressive phenotype of melanoma by releasing bioactive cell‐surface HS fragments which can stimulate melanoma cell migration in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 200–209, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanisms of prostate cancer cell survival after inhibition of AR expression
Authors: Cohen Michael B. , Rokhlin Oskar W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRecent reports have shown that the AR is the key determinant of the molecular changes required for driving prostate cancer cells from an androgen‐dependent to an androgen‐independent or androgen depletion‐independent (ADI) state. Several recent publications suggest that down‐regulation of AR expression should therefore be considered the principal strategy for the treatment of ADI prostate cancer. However, no valid data is available about how androgen‐dependent prostate cancer cells respond to apoptosis‐inducing drugs after knocking down AR expression and whether prostate cancer cells escape apoptosis after inhibition of AR expression. This review will focus on mechanisms of prostate cancer cell survival after inhibition of AR activity mediated either by androgen depletion or by targeting the expression of AR by siRNA. We have shown that knocking down AR expression by siRNA induced PI3K‐independent activation of Akt, which was mediated by calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CaMKII). We also showed that the expression of CaMKII genes is under AR control: active AR in the presence of androgens inhibits CaMKII gene expression whereas inhibition of AR activity results in an elevated level of kinase activity and in enhanced expression of CaMKII genes. This in turn activates the anti‐apoptotic PI3K/Akt pathways. CaMKII also express anti‐apoptotic activity that is independent from the Akt pathway. This may therefore be an important mechanism by which prostate cancer cells escape apoptosis after androgen depletion or knocking down AR expression. In addition, we have found that there is another way to escape cell death after AR inhibition: DNA damaging agents cannot fully activate p53 in the absence of AR and as a result p53 down stream targets, for example, microRNA‐34, cannot be activated and induce apoptosis. This implies that there may be a need for re‐evaluation of the therapeutic approaches to human prostate cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 363–371, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The truncated Hoxa1 protein interacts with Hoxa1 and Pbx1 in stem cells
Authors: Fernandez Cristina C. , Gudas Lorraine J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHox genes contain a homeobox encoding a 60‐amino acid DNA binding sequence. The Hoxa1 gene (Hox1.6, ERA1) encodes two alternatively spliced mRNAs that encode distinct proteins, one with the homeodomain (Hoxa1‐993), and another protein lacking this domain (Hoxa1‐399). The functions of Hoxa1‐399 are unknown. We detected Hoxa1‐993 and Hoxa1‐399 by immunoprecipitation using Hoxa1 antibodies. To assess whether Hoxa1‐399 functions in cellular differentiation, we analyzed Hoxb1, a Hoxa1 target gene. Hoxa1‐993 and its cofactor, Pbx1, bind to the Hoxb1 SOct‐R3 promoter to transcriptionally activate a luciferase reporter. Results from F9 stem cells that stably express ectopic Hoxa1‐399 (the F9‐399 line) show that Hoxa1‐399 reduces this transcriptional activation. Gel shift assays demonstrate that Hoxa1‐399 reduces Hoxa1‐993/Pbx1 binding to the Hoxb1 SOct‐R3 region. GST pull‐down experiments suggest that Hoxa1‐399, Hoxa1‐993, and Pbx1 form a trimer. However, the F9‐399 line exhibits no differences in RA‐induced proliferation arrest or endogenous Hoxb1, Pbx1, Hoxa5, Cyp26a1, GATA4, or Meis mRNA levels when compared to F9 wild‐type. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 427–443, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In silico prediction of drug solubility: 4. Will simple potentials suffice?
Authors: Lüder Kai , Lindfors Lennart , Westergren Jan , Nordholm Sture , Persson Rasmus , Pedersen Mikaela 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn view of the extreme importance of reliable computational prediction of aqueous drug solubility, we have established a Monte Carlo simulation procedure which appears, in principle, to yield reliable solubilities even for complex drug molecules. A theory based on judicious application of linear response and mean field approximations has been found to reproduce the computationally demanding free energy determinations by simulation while at the same time offering mechanistic insight. The focus here is on the suitability of the model of both drug and solvent, i.e., the force fields. The optimized potentials for liquid simulations all atom (OPLS‐AA) force field, either intact or combined with partial charges determined either by semiempirical AM1/CM1A calculations or taken from the condensed‐phase optimized molecular potentials for atomistic simulation studies (COMPASS) force field has been used. The results illustrate the crucial role of the force field in determining drug solubilities. The errors in interaction energies obtained by the simple force fields tested here are still found to be too large for our purpose but if a component of this error is systematic and readily removed by empirical adjustment the results are significantly improved. In fact, consistent use of the OPLS‐AA Lennard‐Jones force field parameters with partial charges from the COMPASS force field will in this way produce good predictions of amorphous drug solubility within 1 day on a standard desktop PC. This is shown here by the results of extensive new simulations for a total of 47 drug molecules which were also improved by increasing the water box in the hydration simulations from 500 to 2000 water molecules. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Predicting PH vibrations of gas phase molecules and surface‐adsorbed species using bond length‐frequency correlations
Authors: Das Ujjal , Raghavachari Krishnan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe high frequency XH (e.g., X = C, Si) stretching modes in small molecules are only slightly perturbed by other vibrational modes present in the system. The isolated frequencies, in these cases, exhibit a linear relationship with the corresponding bond lengths. Here, we study such a bond length‐frequency correlation in the case of PH stretching vibrations for molecules in the gas phase as well as for surface‐adsorbed species. Although a high degree of linear correlation is found, there is a small dependence on the local coordination around P, leading to significant deviations in some cases. By a careful analysis, we show that such correlations can be used to predict new surface frequencies without computing the Hessian matrix explicitly. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Electronic structures and optical properties of BiOX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) via DFT calculations
Authors: Huang Wen Lai 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBased on the density functional theory (DFT), the lattice constants and atomic positions of BiOX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) species have been optimized, and the electronic and optical properties of the relaxed species have been calculated, with Bi 5d states considered or not. Relaxation generally results in the shrinkage in a and the expansion of c. Relaxed BiOCl, BiOBr, and BiOI present indirect band gaps, whereas BiOF exhibits a direct or somewhat indirect band‐gap feature corresponding to the relaxation and calculation with the Bi 5d states or not. The bottom of the conduction band is quite flat for relaxed BiOI, and apparently flat in BiOBr, and shows observable flatness in BiOCl as well when considering the Bi 5d states. The top of the valence band is rather even as well for some species. The obtained maximum gaps for relaxed BiOF, BiOCl, BiOBr, and BiOI are 3.34, 2.92, 2.65, and 1.75 eV, respectively. The density peak of X np states in the valence band shifts toward the valence band maximum with the increasing X atomic number. The bandwidths, atomic charges, bond orders, and orbital density have also been investigated along with some optical properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Characterisation and developmental potential of ovine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: McCarty Rosa C. , Gronthos Stan , Zannettino Andrew C. , Foster Bruce K. , Xian Cory J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSince discovery, significant interest has been generated in the potential application of mesenchymal stem cells or multipotential stromal cells (MSC) for tissue regeneration and repair, due to their proliferative and multipotential capabilities. Although the sheep is often used as a large animal model for translating potential therapies for musculoskeletal injury and repair, the characteristics of MSC from ovine bone marrow have been inadequately described. Histological and gene expression studies have previously shown that ovine MSC share similar properties with human and rodents MSC, including their capacity for clonogenic growth and multiple stromal lineage differentiation. In the present study, ovine bone marrow derived MSCs positively express cell surface markers associated with MSC such as CD29, CD44 and CD166, and lacked expression of CD14, CD31 and CD45. Under serum‐deprived conditions, proliferation of MSC occurred in response to EGF, PDGF, FGF‐2, IGF‐1 and most significantly TGF‐α. While subcutaneous transplantation of ovine MSC in association with a ceramic HA/TCP carrier into immunocomprimised mice resulted in ectopic osteogenesis, adipogenesis and haematopoietic‐support activity, transplantation of these cells within a gelatin sponge displayed partial chondrogenesis. The comprehensive characterisation of ovine MSC described herein provides important information for future translational studies involving ovine MSC. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 324–333, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.