bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5601: Podoplanin Expressing Cells Isolated From Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Function as Lymphatic Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Lee Ji Yoon , Park Changwon , Lee Eugine , Kim Hyongbum , Yoon Young-sup 
Published: April 2024

Background: Previously, we demonstrated that podoplanin expressing (pod+) cells can be culture-isolated from bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (MNCs) and that these cells have a potential to differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In this study, we investigated whether pod+ cells exist in BM and peripheral blood (PB), and they can function as lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells (LEPCs).
Methods and Results. First we performed FACS analysis and found that pod+ cells are present in BM and PB less than 0.5% in C57/BL6 mice. Thus, next to investigate whether the number of pod+ cells would be increased in the BM or PB under conditions which promote lymphatic vessel growth, mice were injected with B16-F1 melanoma cells into the back skins. FACS analysis conducted 7 days later showed that the number of pod+ cells in BM and PB were about 15 fold increased in mice with melanoma growth (normal vs tumor, BM: 0.2±0.5% vs. 3.2±1.0%, PB: 0.4±0.3% vs. 6.7±2.0%, P < 0.01). FACS analysis further revealed that the BM pod+ cells derived from the tumor-bearing mice exhibited high levels of VEGFR-3+ and c-KIT+, but not LYVE-1+ cells, but PB pod+ cells derived from the same mice displayed VEGFR-3+ and LYVE-1+, but not c-KIT+ cells. These data suggest that more undifferentiated LEPC phenotypes exist in BM and undergo differentiation during mobilization into PB. Next, to determine the lymphvasculogenic potential of the isolated BM pod+ cells in vivo, we injected the pod+ cells (Dil-labeled or GFP mouse derived) isolated from BM of tumor-bearing mice into skin and ear wound models. Immunohistochemistry showed that the injected cells were incorporated into lymphatic vessels and expressed LEC-specific markers, suggesting LEC differentiation. We also found that these pod+ cells express CD45 in BM but lost CD45 expression after incorporation into lymphatic vessels, suggesting that pod+ cells are hematopoietic in origin but lost hematopoietic properties during differentiation into LEC. In
Conclusion. This study for the first time demonstrated that pod+ cells are present in BM and PB, are augmented under lymphatic vascular growth conditions, and contributed to lymphvasculogenesis, suggesting a role of pod+ cells as LEPCs.
Abstract 5622: Effectiveness of Hybrid Therapy With Warfarin and Statins to Reduce the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in High-risk Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hama Yoshiyuki , Ueda Marehiko , Takano Hiroyuki , Hiranuma Yasunori , Hori Yasuhiko , Miyazaki Akira , Yamanouchi Masato , Kanda Junji , Kuwabara Yoichi , Komuro Issei 
Published: April 2024

Background HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor statins have been recently used to prevent ischemic stroke in patients with coronary artery disease. However, whether or not such statins truly reduce the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains to be clearly elucidated.
Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study at 4 Japanese centers. The study sample consisted of a cohort of 1152 patients (mean age, 67±10 years; men, 64 %; 513 paroxysmal AF) who had documented AF on electrocardiograms before August 2002 and who also visited our hospitals after September 2002. The statin group consisted of 179 patients (16%). A cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to control for baseline differences. We assessed the incidence of ischemic stroke.
Results During a follow-up of 61±23 months, 151 patients experienced ischemic stroke. Since the statin group had more risk factors for stroke, such as a history of congestive heart failure, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, than the non-statin group, the statin group had a higher CHADS2 score (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, stroke [doubled]) than the non-statin group (statin group 1.93±1.15 vs. non-statin group 1.42±1.19, p<0.001). The incidence of ischemic stroke was similar in both groups (statin group 12.0% vs. non-statin group, 17.5%, P = 0.08). For patients with a CHADS2 score ranging from 2– 6 with concomitant warfarin use, however, ischemic stroke was significantly less frequent in the statin group (statin group 11.7% vs. non-statin group, 26.0%, P = 0.045) although the incidence of major bleeding was similar in both groups (statin group 14.4% vs. non-statin group, 21.1%, P = 0.508). After adjustment for differences in baseline clinical variables, statin use was significantly associated with the incidence of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio[HR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval[CI], 0.23 to 0.83; P = 0.012),
Conclusions In comparison to warfarin alone, the hybrid therapy with warfarin and statin was therefore suggested to be more effective in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation.
Abstract 5685: TGF-beta Signaling and Kruppel-like Factor 10 Regulate Bone Marrow-derived EPC Differentiation, Function, and Neovascularization
Authors: Wara Akm , Foo ShiYin , Icli Basak , Cao Zhuoxiao , Esen Fehim , Subramaniam Malayannan , Spelsberg Thomas C , Rosenzweig Anthony , Feinberg Mark W 
Published: April 2024

Background: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may originate from the bone marrow and are capable of contributing to cardiovascular regeneration. However, the identities of these bone marrow cells and the signaling pathways that regulate their differentiation into functional EPCs remain poorly understood. Hematopoiesis consists of a cascade by which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to either a common myeloid progenitor (CMPs) or common lymphoid progenitor (CLPs). The CMP cells can give rise to either granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) or megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs).
Methods and Results: Herein, we identify that CMPs and GMPs preferentially differentiate into CD34+KDR+ EPCs as measured by FACS, uptake of DiIacLDL and U.lex Lectin, matrigel studies, and endothelial markers. Co-culture studies in matrigel demonstrate increased network formation and incorporation when HUVECs were co-incubated with CMPs and GMPs only. Treatment of CMPs or GMPs with IFN-g blocked EPC differentiation, whereas treatment with TGF-b1 potently induced EPC differentiation. Conversely, EPC formation was markedly impaired using blocking antibodies or TGF-b1 deficient CMPs or GMPs, whereas IFN-g deficient mice have increased EPC differentiation. Functionally, EPCs derived from CMPs and GMPs more potently adhered to fibronectin-coated plates, migrated faster in transwell Boyden chambers, and released VEGF nearly ~2 to 2.5-fold higher than EPCs from MEPs and HSCs. Finally, we identified that a TGF-b1-responsive Kruppel-like transcription factor, KLF10, as robustly expressed ~60-fold in EPCs derived from CMPs and GMPs, compared to hematopoietic progenitors lacking EPC markers. Consistently, KLF10−/− mice have marked defects in EPC differentiation (−23.6% vs. WT, P<0.002), TGF-b1 responsiveness (completedly abolished), and impaired blood flow recovery in response to hindlimb ischemia (−23.8% vs. WT, P<0.008), an effect associated with reduced levels of circulating EPCs (−28.2% vs. WT, P<0.05).
Conclusion: Among bone marrow progenitors, a hierarchy exists for EPC differentiation. Targeting KLF10 may alter EPC differentiation from bone marrow-derived CMPs and GMPs and influence cardiovascular repair.
Abstract 17826: Frequency and Pattern of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Potential Heart Transplant Donors
Authors: Mohamedali Burhan , Zelinger Allan 
Published: April 2024

Cardiac transplantation is a recognized treatment for patients with end stage cardiomyopathy. However, the scarcity of donor hearts remains a limiting factor. In addition, some potential donor hearts may be rejected due to cardiac dysfunction reported on diagnostic imaging by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
We report a series of 34 consecutive adult organ donors whose hearts were evaluated for LV systolic function. The donors suffered acute, fatal brain injury. 11/34 (32%) had LV systolic dysfunction. Predominate apical, basal, mid-cavity, or global dysfunction patterns were characterized. Serial echocardiograms, when available, were examined. The findings are summarized in the table 1.
In our series we noted that serial studies uniformly demonstrated a significant improvement in LV systolic function. Improvement appeared independent of the specific pattern in LV dysfunction or sex. In 27% systolic function completely normalized. No difference between the sex of the donor and the pattern of cardiac dysfunction was seen.
In conclusion, our study noted that greater than 30% of screened potential donor hearts have systolic dysfunction. A variable pattern of dysfunction is seen with Global type noted most frequently. Even in hearts with severe initial dysfunction, considerable improvement in EF occurred. Our findings suggest that an initial examination showing LV dysfunction should not exclude a potential heart donor. Reassessment over time and possibly temporizing organ procurement to permit left ventricular function to improve could increase the pool of hearts available for transplantation. Further research into the mechanism underlying transient LV dysfunction in potential heart donor suffering acute, fatal brain injury is warranted.
Abstract 18754: Prognostic Evaluation of Catalytic Iron in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes: Observations from OPUS-TIMI 16
Authors: Steen Dylan L , Cannon Christopher P , Lele Suhas , Rajapurkar Mohan , Mukhopadhyay Banibrata , Scirica Benjamin M , Morrow David A 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: The potential of iron to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) has motivated a long-standing interest in whether excess iron is causally linked to atherosclerotic heart disease. Catalytic iron, or “free” iron, is the circulating store of iron that is not bound to transferrin or ferritin and is available to generate ROS that may have deleterious vascular effects.
METHODS: We investigated the association of catalytic iron with clinical outcomes in 1701 patients with UA, NSTEMI, or STEMI who were followed for a median of 10 months. All endpoints were adjudicated by a blinded Clinical Endpoints Committee. RESULTS: The median catalytic iron level was significantly higher in those who died, 0.45μmol/L (0.37, 0.57), compared with survivors 0.37μmol/L (0.31, 0.46), p= 0.016. Catalytic iron was associated with a step-wise increased risk of death, with the highest quartile at an almost 4-fold risk compared to baseline (HR 3.94, p=0.035), which persisted after adjustment for age, diabetes, prior MI, prior CHF, ST deviation, CrCl, BNP, and Killip class (adjHR 3.89, p=0.038, FIGURE). There was no association between catalytic iron and risk of myocardial infarction, recurrent ischemia, heart failure, or bleeding. CONCLUSION: Increasing catalytic iron levels were associated with all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that catalytic iron is not likely to add to currently available tools as a routine clinical biomarker for risk stratification of ischemic events, but its association with mortality is intriguing and leaves open the question of whether cardiovascular therapeutics aimed at catalytic iron may have utility.
Abstract 192: Does Neighborhood Matter? How Location Influences Cardiac Arrest Outcomes and Predictability of the Utstein Factors
Authors: Buick Jason E , Ray Joel G , Kiss Alex , Morrison Laurie J 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The Utstein factors only predict 72% of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival variability (AUC: 0.86). Previous studies demonstrated geographical variations in both OHCA incidence and outcomes, while others have related these differences to ethnic and socioeconomic measures. The objective of this study was to determine the role of neighborhoods in OHCA survival and predictability in a Canadian setting.
Hypothesis: We hypothesized that there are neighbourhood factors associated with survival and variability in cardiac arrest outcomes.
Methods: All treated OHCA between April 2006 and March 2010 were mapped into census tracts (CT) using Geographic Information System analysis. Based on their home address, patients were assigned neighborhood factors extracted from the 2005 Canadian Census and include: instability, dependency, deprivation, ethnic diversity, crime rate and density of family physicians. Hierarchical logistic modeling was performed to assess which factors were associated with survival.
Results: A total of 4,626 OHCA were eligible for enrollment and contained the required information for geographic mapping. Survival to hospital discharge was 4.3%. The CT survival varied between 0 - 50% (IQR: 0.0 - 7.7), where 68.4% had 0% survival. The Utstein factors predicted 85.4% (95% CI: 81.0 - 89.6%) of survival variability. After adjusting for the Utstein factors, only the ethnic concentration of the CT was associated with survival. Inclusion of CT variables increased the predictability of the Utstein factors to 87.2% (95% CI: 83.4 - 91.2%, p = 0.12).
Conclusions: In conclusion, although neighborhood differences in OHCA outcomes exist, this difference contributes minimally to the Utstein factors prediction of survival. Since bystander resuscitation efforts are the most powerful predictors of survival perhaps neighborhood differences in bystander resuscitation efforts may address the gap in the Utstein predictability.
Abstract 56: Variability in Patient Selection Criteria for Postarrest Protocols
Authors: McNicol Donald R , Camp-Rogers Teresa R , Kurz Michael C 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
The prevalence of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for post-cardiac patients has yet to be established. Complicating this measure is the lack of standardized, universal recommendations on patient selection criteria for.TH. The objective of this study is to assess the amount of variability in patient selection criteria.
Methods
We conducted a systematic search of all publicly available TH protocols from published Internet sources. Protocols must be complete, associated with a hospital, and demonstrate clear patient selection criteria, to be included. The proportion of hospitals that considered each patient selection criteria was determined. Only descriptive statistics were provided. No statistical inferences were made.
Results
A total of 64 TH protocols were assessed. Among the protocols, the patient selection criteria are viewed as Utstein based or non-Utstein based (Table 1). The Utstein variables considered were initial rhythm, witnessed, location, time to BLS, and age. Non-Utstein variables included were total ischemic time, time since ROSC, baseline body temperature, etiology of arrest, and hemodynamic parameters. The widest variability was noted in the category of “hemodynamic parameters.” Some hospitals (0.19) eliminate any patients with subjective evidence of “shock or instability.” Other hospitals vary in consideration of systolic blood pressure (0.44) or mean arterial pressure (0.27) to determine eligibility.
Conclusion
The results of this observational study indicate wide variability in the patient selection criteria for post-arrest protocols. The criteria provide stricter selection criteria than international guidelines recommend. Inconsistently applied criteria may exclude patients who would benefit from treatment. The impact of patient selection criteria could have an effect on measured national survival rates and outcomes.
Abstract 68: Incidence and Outcomes of Unresolved Prehospital Rearrest in EMS-Treated Cases of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Salcido David D , Koller Allison C , Sundermann Matthew L , Callaway Clifton W , Menegazzi James J ,   The ROC Investigators
Published: April 2024

Background: The phenomenon of re-arrest (RA) - loss of pulses after successful return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) - is of interest in resuscitation research because even transient loss of pulses prior to hospital arrival may have a detrimental impact on patient outcomes. Patients who experience RA may also demonstrate specific pathology, the identification and treatment of which may lead to better outcomes.
Objective: Estimate the incidence and outcomes of one manifestation of RA, unresolved prehospital-RA (UP-RA), wherein pulses are not reestablished following at least one RA prior to arrival at the emergency department (ED).
Methods: Case data spanning 2006-2008 were obtained from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium, a multisite clinical research consortium with cardiac arrest surveillance programs in 10 sites in North America. Non-traumatic emergency medical services (EMS)-treated cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with any instance of prehospital ROSC were included. Prehospital ROSC events, patient vital status at ED admission, survival to hospital discharge, patient demographics, and ancillary resuscitation variables were ascertained through review of paramedic-generated patient care reports (PCRs), defibrillator data downloads, and hospital records. Prehospital ROSC was defined as a detectible return of pulses resulting in an obvious suspension of CPR. UP-RA status was assigned to any case with prehospital ROSC that did not have pulses upon ED arrival.
Results: Out of 18,937 cases of OHCA across all sites, there were 11,456 (60.5%) EMS-treated cases. Prehospital ROSC was found in 4,609 (40.2%) cases. Of these cases, mean(SD) age was 63.7(17), 37.1% were female, 21.5% occurred in public, 13.5% were EMS witnessed, and overall survival to hospital discharge was 28%. Vital status at ED was available for 3,116 (67.6%) cases of which UP-RA was present in 473 (15.2%). Survival was 7.8% in cases with UP-RA, compared to 33.3% in cases without, and UP-RA was directly associated with death prior to hospital discharge (OR: 6.14, CI: 4.31-8.75, p<0.001).
Conclusion: When characterized as an irreversible event prior to ED arrival, incidence of RA is relatively uncommon but strongly predictive of non-survival at hospital discharge.
Abstract 82: Chest Stiffness and Force-Depth Relations Change Over Time During Prolonged CPR: An Animal Model
Authors: Aelen Paul , Paulussen Igor , Ordelman Simone , Noordergraaf Gerrit-Jan , Woerlee Pierre 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION
Chest deformation during CPR results in increased intrathoracic pressure and blood flow. A parameter linked to both deformation and internal pressures is reaction force. However, little is known about the time dependence of the force-depth relationship. In this study we assessed the hypothesis that chest stiffness and force-depth relations change during CPR in a pig model.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Fourteen Yorkshire pigs with an average AP diameter of 20 cm were anesthetized after which ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced. CPR was administered for 21 minutes at compression depths of 5 cm at frequencies of 80-120cpm during which absolute depth and force were measured continuously. The force-depth signal was divided into elastic and viscous components. Corrections were made for incomplete recoil. Chest stiffness was defined as the maximum force for each compression divided by its corresponding depth. Curvature and stiffness over time were studied.
RESULTS

The force versus depth relation shows that at the start of CPR the relationship is almost linear. As compressions continue, the curve becomes more curved. Chest stiffness starts at relatively high values of 118 +/- 28 N/cm which decreased to 96 +/- 19 N/cm of the original values after 250 compressions. After this point in time only minor changes in stiffness and nonlinearity were observed.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, chest stiffness decreases and the force depth relation changes from linear to convex during CPR. Changes take mostly in the initial phase, where after they approach steady state. This is relevant for obtaining adequate blood flow during CPR.
Abstract 86: Existing Research Is Inadequate for the Development of Guidelines for the Basic Life Support Management of Airway Obstruction in Adults: Results of a Systematic Review
Authors: Bradley Richard ,   American Red Cross Scientific Advisory Council
Published: April 2024

Introduction: There has been considerable controversy and several changes in guidelines for the basic life support (BLS) management of choking since the introduction of the Heimlich procedure in 1974.
Hypothesis: The objective of this project was to conduct a structured literature review to answer the question, “For adults, either conscious or unconscious, with obstructed airway, does any specific resuscitation techniques compared to currently recommended techniques, lead to different outcomes?”
Methods: We searched MEDLINE using a complex search criterion. We performed further searches on the basis of articles cited in references and by using the ‘Cited by’ function in Google Scholar. We included articles if they addressed a therapy for choking in adults. We excluded articles if they addressed only pediatric patients, if there was no comparison group, or if the skills involved were beyond BLS. We collected data using a standardized study selection and data extraction form. This included specific criteria to grade the level of evidence (LOE) and quality of each paper.
Results: We identified 475 records after duplicates were removed; we screened all of these and excluded 454. This left 22 full-text articles which we assessed for eligibility; we excluded 19 of these, leaving 3 studies that we included in qualitative synthesis. Of these, data from one fair quality LOE 3b study suggests that peak airway pressures developed by chest compressions are significantly higher than the pressure from abdominal thrusts. Data from one poor quality LOE 4 study suggests that for conscious adults with an obstructed airway, abdominal thrusts generate higher peak airway pressures when delivered when the victim is supine as compared to seated and that back blows do not generate any significant change in airway pressure. We could not identify any other papers that compared BLS techniques for managing obstructed airways in adults. Clearly, there is a dearth of evidence to support basic life support treatment guidelines for this important problem.
Conclusions: In conclusion, rescuers attempting to resolve a complete airway obstruction in a conscious or unconscious adult should provide abdominal thrusts or chest compressions.