bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF THE PATHWAYS AND QUANTUM YIELDS OF DIRECT PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF UNPROTONATED AND PROTONATED N‐BUTYLAMINE SCHIFF BASES OF ISOMERIC RETINYLIDENEACETALDEHYDE WITH THOSE OF SCHIFF BASES OF ISOMERIC RETINAL: RATIONALIZATION OF THE SELECTION OF THE RETINYLIDENE CHROMOPHORE BY RETINOCHROME
Authors: Mukai Yumiko , Imahori Takumi , Koyama Yasushi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract— The pathways and quantum yields of direct photoisomerization of unprotonated and pro‐tonated n‐butylamine Schiff bases (SB and PSB) of isomeric retinylideneacetaldehyde (C22 aldehyde) were determined in n‐hexane, acetonitrile and methanol for the former and in acetonitrile and methanol for the latter. The results are compared with those of the Schiff bases of isomeric retinal (C20 SB and C20 PSB) reported previously (Koyama et al., Photochem. Photobiol. 54, 433–443, 1991). The isomerization pathways and quantum yields of C22 SB are more or less similar to those of C20 SB, but conspicuous differences in the isomerization pathways are found between C22 PSB and C20 PSB. The homogeneous (exclusive) isomerization of the retinylidene chromophore from all‐trum to 11‐cis in retinochrome is rationalized not by C22 PSB but by C20 PSB.Almost complete one‐way isomerization from cis to trans of C22 SB (in n‐hexane) is ascribed to isomerization via the T1 state, while mutual isomeritation between cis and tram of C22 PSB is ascribed to isomerization via the S1 (Bu) state. The TI potential of C22 SB and the S1 potential of C22 PSB are discussed based on photostationary state compositions.
Expression of Bcl‐2 in feline lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Kano Rui , Sato Eimi , Okamura Tomotaka , Watanabe Shinichi , Hasegawa Atsuhiko 
Published: March 2008

Background: The Bcl‐2 gene is a member of the rapidly expanding Bcl‐2 family of genes that regulate apoptosis. Bcl‐2 has been shown to repress cell death triggered by a diverse array of stimuli, including chemotherapy and gamma irradiation.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine feline Bcl‐2 expression level in feline lymphoma cells using an immunoblot assay with anti‐human and anti‐canine Bcl‐2 monoclonal antibodies.Methods: About 708 base pairs containing the coding sequence of the feline Bcl‐2 gene were transformed into Escherichia coli. The recombinant Bcl‐2 was used as a positive control for an immunoblot assay using mouse monoclonal antibodies against human and canine Bcl‐2. An immunoblot assay using the monoclonal antibodies was carried out to determine the level of feline Bcl‐2 expression in lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemia cell lines.Results: The recombinant feline Bcl‐2 protein produced in E. coli had a molecular weight of about 26 kDa and was detected by immunoblot assay by using anti‐human Bcl‐2 mouse monoclonal antibody. Feline Bcl‐2 expression was high in lymphoma cell lines (FL‐74‐UDC‐1 and FT‐1) and low in the cell line from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy cat (FeTJ‐1) but not low in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy cat. The anti‐human Bcl‐2 mouse monoclonal antibody was found to cross‐react with feline Bcl‐2.Conclusions: These results confirm the expression of Bcl‐2 in T‐cell lymphoma cell lines and indicate that it is suitable to detect feline Bcl‐2 using an immunoblot assay. Pending further evaluation, Bcl‐2 expression might be useful in the differential diagnosis of feline tumors.
Immunocytochemical differentiation of canine mesenchymal tumors in cytologic imprint preparations
Authors: Höinghaus R. , Hewicker‐Trautwein M. , Mischke R. 
Published: March 2008

Background: Immunocytochemical techniques are a potentially valuable diagnostic tool to support cytologic diagnosis in dogs. However, detailed studies of staining patterns and intensity in cytologic specimens of mesenchymal tumor types are lacking.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate commercially available antibodies against human proteins for use in the characterization of canine tumors of mesenchymal origin in cytologic samples.Methods: Immunocytochemical staining was performed on air‐dried imprint specimens of biopsies obtained from 103 mesenchymal neoplasms and 14 metastatic lesions from 98 dogs. All specimens were stained with anti‐cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and vimentin. Based on the histologic diagnosis, tumors of muscle, endothelial, histiocytic, and melanocytic origin also were stained with cell‐specific antibodies. Staining intensity was subjectively graded and the percentage of positive tumor cells was estimated.Results: All mesenchymal tumors and metastases, with the exception of mesotheliomas, were vimentin‐positive and cytokeratin‐negative; mesotheliomas (n=6) were positive for both vimentin and cytokeratin. Tumors of muscle (n=5), endothelial (n=15), and histiocytic (n=18) origin stained moderately to strongly positive in a majority of tumor cells with desmin, von Willebrand factor, and lysozyme, respectively. Malignant melanomas (n=15) had variable staining and a variable percentage of positive cells with Melan‐A and S100.Conclusions: Our results indicate that immunocytochemical staining of canine cytologic specimens is a reliable and sensitive technique that may be of benefit for the differentiation of poorly differentiated mesenchymal tumors and metastases. Additional study is needed to assess the specificity of immunocytochemical stains in mesenchymal tumors.
Hydraulic Interpretation of the Footprints of Sierra Nevada Windstorms Tracked with an Automobile Measurement System
Authors: Raab Thomas , Mayr Georg 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
This article reports results from the Sierra Rotors Project, which took place in the central part of Owens Valley, California, east of the Sierra Nevada in March and April 2004. The aim of the study is to describe the footprints of cross-mountain and downslope airflow by mobile surface measurements and radiosoundings. An instrumented car measured wind, temperature, pressure, and humidity. Four case studies cover the spectrum of forcings behind the foehn-like downslope windstorms. Hydraulic theory as a conceptual model was used to explain the data from the car in combination with radiosoundings. All four cases had a colder air mass on the upstream side, thus creating a hydrostatic pressure forcing. With weak flow parallel to the sierra, no downslope windstorm developed and a valley-slope circulation was documented, which for the first time related continuous pressure measurements to the thermal wind system. A second case with a stronger wind component perpendicular to the sierra caused the flow to plunge to the Owens Valley floor. Signatures indicating supercritical regions with accelerated flow reverting to a subcritical state in a hydraulic jump were found. In the third case, the flow separated from the lee slope and subsequently reattached. In the last case, a downslope windstorm developed ahead of a cold front. The downslope windstorm and cold front coexisted in the valley for several hours, with the latter being confined to its eastern side and the storm riding up over it.
Energetics of M2 Barotropic-to-Baroclinic Tidal Conversion at the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Carter G. S. , Merrifield M. A. , Becker J. M. , Katsumata K. , Gregg M. C. , Luther D. S. , Levine M. D. , Boyd T. J. , Firing Y. L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
A high-resolution primitive equation model simulation is used to form an energy budget for the principal semidiurnal tide (M2) over a region of the Hawaiian Ridge from Niihau to Maui. This region includes the Kaena Ridge, one of the three main internal tide generation sites along the Hawaiian Ridge and the main study site of the Hawaii Ocean Mixing Experiment. The 0.01°–horizontal resolution simulation has a high level of skill when compared to satellite and in situ sea level observations, moored ADCP currents, and notably reasonable agreement with microstructure data. Barotropic and baroclinic energy equations are derived from the model’s sigma coordinate governing equations and are evaluated from the model simulation to form an energy budget. The M2 barotropic tide loses 2.7 GW of energy over the study region. Of this, 163 MW (6%) is dissipated by bottom friction and 2.3 GW (85%) is converted into internal tides. Internal tide generation primarily occurs along the flanks of the Kaena Ridge and south of Niihau and Kauai. The majority of the baroclinic energy (1.7 GW) is radiated out of the model domain, while 0.45 GW is dissipated close to the generation regions. The modeled baroclinic dissipation within the 1000-m isobath for the Kaena Ridge agrees to within a factor of 2 with the area-weighted dissipation from 313 microstructure profiles. Topographic resolution is important, with the present 0.01° resolution model resulting in 20% more barotropic-to-baroclinic conversion compared to when the same analysis is performed on a 4-km resolution simulation. A simple extrapolation of these results to the entire Hawaiian Ridge is in qualitative agreement with recent estimates based on satellite altimetry data.
Characteristics of College Teachers Desired By College Presidents
Authors: Trabue M.R. 
Published: March 2008

"What makes a good teacher good" has long been a moot point at the elementary- and high-school level. Mr. Trabue, Dean, College of Education, The Pennsylvania State College at State College, courage ously enters the arena and boldly seeks the answer at the junior-college level. His findings, as reported in this stimulating article, are limited to the opinions of the employing authorities (college presidents). An interesting companion study might well seek the answers from (a) lower-di vision college students, (b) graduates, after one, two, or three years, or (c) the college instructors themselves. Further research will almost certainly follow Dean Tra bue's efforts. College- and university-placement of ficers may wish to modify their creden tial forms in consequence of this study.
An Evaluation of Four Approaches To Learning in Teacher-Education Classes
Authors: Vander Werf Lester S. 
Published: March 2008

What are the factors that motivate learning? How can these factors be identified and used? What are the re spective roles of teachers and students in the process? These are age-old questions, the answers to which teachers must eternally seek. There are many opinions about them but not enough validated research. The experiment described by Mr. Van der Werf presents four approaches and some interesting conclusions. The author is presently Associate Professor of Educa tion, University of New Hampshire. He has taught in both secondary schools and at the university level, and has written extensively about the climate of the learning situation.
Industry and Education Cooperate in the Preparation of Teachers
Authors: Wenrich Ralph C. 
Published: March 2008

How to get teachers of certain voca tional subjects with broad and balanced preparation, without sacrificing the nec essary practical and technical competen cies, is a difficult problem of one great area of teacher education. This article describes the manner in which the Department of Vocational Ed ucation and Practical Arts at the Univer sity of Michigan has attacked the problem. Mr. Wenrich is Chairman of the De partment and Professor of Vocational Education. He has had broad experience as a vocational teacher in the public schools, as a staff member of a state de partment of education, and as a univer sity teacher. He is the author of many articles in his field.
Depth or Breadth in the Academic Specialization of High School Teachers?
Authors: Orton Don A. 
Published: March 2008

A perennial question in teacher educa tion is "How much specialization?" The model practice across the country, if state certification requirements are taken as the measure, is provision for specialization in a given subject field. There are, however, discernible trends in the newer require ments toward specialization in broad fields rather than in subdivisions of a field. Mr. Orton here presents the reactions of practitioners, those who employ teach ers, and those who prepare them, on this important problem. Mr. Orton is Dean, College of Education, University of Utah.
The Shortage of Special Class Teachers in Large Cities
Authors: Firestone Sidney H. , Orleans Jacob S. 
Published: March 2008

Sometimes obscured in discussions of teacher shortages are the needs arising from rapidly expanding programs of spe cial education. This is an area of school services which the nation cannot afford to have retarded. Development of such services, already far short of actual need, to the point that educational provisions are made for every handicapped child is imperative. The accompanying article, therefore, contributes appropriately to consideration of "Teachers For Our Schools." Mr. Orleans is Director of Research and Evaluation and Mr. Firestone is a Lecturer, Division of Teacher Education, City College of New York.
Evaluative Studies of Teacher Education
Authors: Scates Douglas E. , Barr A.S. , Singer Arthur 
Published: March 2008

An important aspect of the supply of teachers-the special theme of this issue of the JOURNAL —is the quality of their preparation. In the highly responsible vocation of teaching, quality is in every sense as important as quantity. To specify all of the qualities of professional leadership desired in each new teacher, however, is more difficult than to specify the number of new teachers needed. Hence it becomes essential to examine unceas ingly those educational conditions and processes which it is hoped during college years will bring out and develop the requisite qualities. Mr. Barr, Professor of Education at the University of Wisconsin, and long a leader in research in this area, and Mr. Singer, a teaching assistant at the same University, have Prepared especially for this issue of the JOURNAL a summary of recent research which seeks to evaluate various practices in teacher education. This summary represents an extensive canvass of the research literature and brings to a focus the findings of various studies on this particular issue. —Douglas E. Scates, Editor.
Projecting School Enrollments for One State
Authors: Bowers Harold J. 
Published: March 2008

In another article in this issue the Bureau of the Census has provided a projection of population figures for the United States. Readers of that article should be particularly interested in this brief account of projections of school enrollments made for the State of Ohio. The author explains his method and dis cusses some of the factors which inter fered with his original projections. Harold J. Bowers is Supervisor, Divi sion of Teacher Education and Certifica tion in Ohio.
The California Council on Teacher Education
Authors: Joyal Arnold E. , Stone James C. 
Published: March 2008

Currently about thirty states have ad visory groups on teacher education and certification. Typically, these are extra- legal bodies, established by the chief state education agency to carry on con tinuous study of teacher education and certification programs and to make recommendations for changes in the legal requirements affecting these two areas. The establishment of such bodies is a relatively new development, the in tent of which is to provide a coopera tive, democratic means by which the state exercises a leadership role rather than an arbitrary legal one in teacher education and certification. The California Council on Teacher Education is a good example of the functioning of this process.
The Dual Mandate of American Higher Education
Authors: de Kiewiet Cornelis W. 
Published: March 2008

The article which begins on this page represents an abstract of an address de livered by President de Kiewiet before the annual meeting of the American Council on Education, October 7, 1955. The address was one of several in a symposium on "How Different Types of Institutions are Planning for the Fu ture." The full text of de Kiewiet's ad dress and the others comprising the symposium will be published in Decem ber, 1955, by the ACE in a bulletin en titled "Planning Under Way to Meet the Rising Tide of College and Univer sity Enrollments." Appreciation is expressed to the Coun cil for permission to reproduce this sig nificant address in this issue of THE JOURNAL OF TEACHER EDUCATION.
The Leadership Role of the State Teacher Education-Certification Officers
Authors: Herge Henry Curtis 
Published: March 2008

Part I of the abstract of Dean Herge's dissertation, STATE DIRECTORS OF TEACHER EDUCATION AND CERTIFICATION: A STUDY OF THE NATURE OF THEIR DUTIES AND RE SPONSIBILITIES appeared in the December 1956 issue of the JOURNAL OF TEACHER EDUCATION. It presented an evaluation of the leadership role of the State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification. Part II describes the status and analyzes the functions of these officers. The abstract of this significant study in the field of teacher education is another in the general series published under the title of "Commission Studies in Teacher Education."-EDITOR.
Certification of Educational Administrators
Authors: Howsam Robert B. , Morphet Edgar L. 
Published: March 2008

Parts V and VI which appear below represent the conclusion of this article. The first section, containing Parts I, II, III, and IV, was published in the March 1958 issue of THE JOURNAL. Preprints of the entire article-Parts I through VI-are available at fifty cents per copy. Address orders to the National Commission on Teacher Education and Profes sional Standards, National Education Association, 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Wash ington 6, D. C.
In-Service Education for Teachers of Able Students
Authors: Williams Clifford W. 
Published: March 2008

"There sits in every classroom one or more pupils who wait only for the signal to forge ahead...." Yet, "... the Portland Program [ for Gifted Children] does not pro vide a special school for the gifted, nor does it enroll able students in full-time special classes...." Mr. Williams describes here the Portland, Oregon, school system's in-service education for teachers who wish to improve their compe tence to serve the more able stu dents in their classes.
Towards a Critical Theory of Reflective Inquiry
Authors: Ross E. Wayne , Hannay Lynne M. 
Published: March 2008

Although reflective inquiry has been pro moted for many years as a progressive and effective method of teaching the social studies, its incorporation into classroom practice remains question able. Ross and Hannay assign part of the blame to those interpreters of Dewey's inquiry model who advocate a procedural or technical rather than a dialectic approach to thinking. Teacher education practices also contribute to the lack of critical reflection existing in schools. Too frequently the rationale for reflective teaching is expounded through expository techniques and a technical inquiry approach. The authors argue that the university classroom must become not only the venue for transmitting traditional know ledge on teacher education but also a laboratory where such practices are modeled, experienced, and reflected upon. Such a truly reflective inquiry model needs to be firmly grounded in critical theory by incorporating the appli cation of principles, not procedures, in the investigation of social issues.
The Reactions of Travelers to Gasoline Rationing and to Increases in Gasoline Prices
Authors: Dan Kamp B. , Crompton John L. , Hensarling David M. 
Published: March 2008

Much attention is currently being given to possible effects higher fuel prices and/or fuel rationing will have on individuals' travel habits and patterns. This study analyzed the responses of travelers interviewed at the Orange, Texas, Welcome Center. Information was gathered regarding travel plans and the effects either rationing or higher fuel prices would have on future travel plans. Results of this study indicate that a significant shift from recreational vehicles and full-sized automobiles to smaller, more economical vehicles would be made. Pleasure travel is much more likely to be curtailed than business travel. While most business travelers would seek alternative transportation, pleasure travelers would be more likely to either eliminate the trip altogether or take a shorter trip. These actions may seriously impact upon the entire travel and tourism industry.
The Impact of Videoconferencing on Airline Business Traffic
Authors: Coddington Peter 
Published: March 2008

April 22, 1985: "Everybody was predicting a few years ago that teleconferencing was going to have an enormous impact on travel. I saw estimates that it was going to cut travel by as much as 50%. But it has proven to have had a minimal impact on travel. You can't get people to change the way they conduct business. They still get on airplanes and go. " American Express Travel Expense Control Consultant Judith Dettinger June 13, 1991: "Videoconferencing has been around for a decade or so. During this period it has achieved small but now accelerating measures of success. Most recently, technology improvements and significant price reductions have stimulated many to use this technology as a substitute for certain types of business travel. The lack of viable international business travel options during the Gulf War moved many customers to use videoconferencing for the first time. They liked what they saw." Speech given by Hal Selander at the Travel and Tourism Research Association 22nd Annual Conference
Video Gambling in South Carolina: An Experiment in Local Option Gambling
Authors: Silverberg Kenneth E. , Ulbrich Holley H. 
Published: March 2008

As in many Southern states, the expansion of the availability and forms of gambling has been a pressing issue in South Carolina. In 1994 South Carolina had the highest number of noncasino video gambling machines in the nation and each of the state's 46 counties was required to hold a referendum on continuing to permit cash payouts. The referendum passed in 34 counties. This unusual referendum permitted an analysis of the determinants of acceptance or rejection of gambling within a single state. Analysis of the voting outcomes revealed that the percentage voting in favor was significantly and positively related to population density (a proxy for urbanization) and to various measures of tourism activity.
Wellness for all: the possibilities of cultural safety and cultural competence in New Zealand
Authors: DeSouza Ruth 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Responses to cultural diversity in nursing need to consider the theory and practice developments of the profession, whilst also responding to broader social and historical process that prevent marginalised groups from utilising universal health services. A combination of approaches is suggested in this paper to meet these two imperatives. Cultural safety is one indigenous New Zealand nursing approach derived in response to inequalities for Maori, whereas cultural competence is an imported paradigm derived from a multicultural context. Furthermore, research and dialogue are required to examine points of complementarity and tension. This paper offers a beginning for this process.