bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Eclipses across Early Asia
Authors: Steele John 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Between the ancient astronomer and the modern eclipse-chaser extend centuries and millennia of human engagement with total solar eclipses all around the world—many of them heavily investing their religious beliefs and political import into both prediction and experience. In this chapter, John Steele presents a brief tour of the observation, prediction, and interpretation of solar eclipses across ancient and medieval Asia up to about the year ad 1000. This is no easy task: Asia covers an enormous geographic area, home to a wide range of cultures, languages, and ancient and modern countries. Covering almost three thousand years of human history, Steele focuses his discussion on four case studies: ancient Assyria and Babylonia, India, and China. Apotropaic enterprises such as the practice of the substitute king ritual is an excellent examples for the human attempts to make sense of the cosmic event and to control its effects on earth.
Dante’s Total Eclipses
Authors: Cornish Alison 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Across history, artists and writers have tried to capture and employ total solar eclipses in their works. In the cultural moment of Dante Alighieri—Italy in the thirteenth and fourteenth century—the wonder, awe, or marvel inspired by eclipses is regularly invoked not as contrary to the scientific pursuit, but as its motivation. The author of the Divine Comedy uses eclipses less as omens of current and impending catastrophe and more as occasions for insight, along the lines of the apocalyptic unveiling. For Dante, eclipses are both obstructions and obfuscations, indicating spiritual darkness, failing, or corruption (as in Dante’s likening of the dislocation of the papacy to Avignon to an eclipse of Rome’s Sun), and, on the other hand, ‘wondrous’ events that trigger new knowledge and insight. Dante uses eclipses to exemplify spiritual realities, such as the qualitative (not quantitative) diversity of goodness in the universe, and the free choice of intelligent beings to wait for illuminating grace.
Weather and the Solar Eclipse
Authors: Harrison Giles 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter brings our attention back to the larger context of human experience of the environment: the weather, commanding the unpredictable visibility or invisibility of the total solar eclipse. Fascinatingly, despite all human calculations of total solar eclipses across millennia, it is neither knowledge nor logistics, but rather the volatile weather, which has the final say about the eclipse-chaser’s day. Meteorology is generally known as the branch of science concerned with the processes and phenomena of the atmosphere, especially as a means of forecasting the weather. It is also involved with the study of the climate and weather of a region. The exciting dynamics of weather and total solar eclipses not only determine the experience of the viewer from Earth (as we have seen in the former chapters of human and animal responses to eclipses), they also have their own interactions, which Giles Harrison comes to consider as a big meteorological experiment set up and run by Nature herself.
Proteolytic control of the RNA silencing machinery
Authors: Genschik Pascal , Schiaffini Marlene , Lechner Esther 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Studies in plants were often pioneering in the field of RNA silencing and revealed a broad range of small RNA (sRNA) categories. When associated with ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins, sRNAs play important functions in development, genome integrity, stress responses, and antiviral immunity. Today, most of the protein factors required for the biogenesis of sRNA classes, their amplification through the production of double-stranded RNA, and their function in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation have been identified. Nevertheless, and despite the importance of RNA silencing, we still know very little about their posttranslational regulation. This is in stark contrast with studies in metazoans, where different modifications such as prolyl hydroxylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, ubiquitylation, and others have been reported to alter the activity and stability of key factors, such as AGO proteins. Here, we review current knowledge of how key components of the RNA silencing machinery in plants are regulated during development and by microbial hijacking of endogenous proteases.
Health risk assessment for soil radioactivity around Shidaowan nuclear power plant in Shandong, China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Qi Chenyang , Lim David , Zhang Xianpeng , Gao Rihong , Feng Zhihui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Monitoring radioactivity levels in the environment around nuclear power plants is of great significance to assessing environmental safety and impact. Shidaowan nuclear power plant is currently undergoing commissioning; however, the baseline soil radioactivity is unknown. The naturally occurring radionuclides 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K, and artificial radionuclide (AR) 137Cs in soil samples around the Shidaowan nuclear power plant were measured to establish the baseline levels. Human health hazard indices such as external hazard indices (Hex), Radium equivalent (Raeq), outdoor absorbed dose rate (Dout), annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were estimated. The average concentration of 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, 238U and 226Ra were 42.6 ± 15, 581 ± 131, 0.68 ± 0.38, 40.13 ± 9.07 and 40.8 ± 12.8 Bq per kg, respectively. The average Hex, Raeq, Dout, AED and ELCR were 0.40, 146 Bq per kg, 68.8 nGy per h, 0.09 mSv per y and 3.29E-04, respectively. These data showed an acceptable level of risk to residents near the nuclear power plant and that the current radioactivity in the soil may not pose immediate harm to residents living close to the nuclear power plant. The observed lower AED and 40 K and 137Cs concentrations were comparable to other studies, whilst ELCR was higher than the world average of 2.9E-04. The commissioning of the Shidaowan nuclear power plant is potentially safe for the surrounding residents; further continuous monitoring is recommended.
Cattle, carcass, economic, and estimated emission impacts of feeding finishing steers lubabegron or ractopamine hydrochloride
Authors: McAtee T B , Renter D G , Murphy T , Betts N B , Depenbusch B E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lubabegron (Experior; Elanco, Greenfield, IN, USA) is the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved feed additive for reducing gas emissions from feedlot animals or their waste; it does not have live or carcass performance claims. Our primary objective was to determine the effect of lubabegron on feedlot performance and carcass traits in finishing beef steers compared to ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx; Elanco, Greenfield, IN, USA). A commercial feedlot trial using cross-bred beef steers (n = 2,117; 373 ± 15 kg initial body weight [BW]) was completed with a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of two feed additives: (1) OPT targeted to deliver 300 mg/animal/d of ractopamine hydrochloride for 28 ± 7 d out from harvest and (2) EXP targeted to deliver 36 mg/animal/d of lubabegron 56 ± 7 d out from harvest and a 4-d preslaughter withdrawal period. Twenty 70 to 142 hd pens with 10 pens per treatment were used. Cattle were weighed at arrival processing and at harvest and fed for an average of 167 d. Data were used to calculate production metrics, partial budgets, and estimated greenhouse gas emissions using published methods, and were analyzed using linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit and block as a random intercept. A statistical significance threshold of α = 0.05 was determined a priori. There was no evidence for statistically significant differences between treatments for initial BW (P = 0.70), health-related outcomes (P values ≥ 0.43), or mobility scores (P = 0.09). Cattle-fed EXP had increased final BW, ADG, G:F, and decreased dry matter intake (P values ≤ 0.01) compared to OPT. Carcasses were 11 ± 1.76 kg (hot carcass weight) heavier in EXP group (P &lt; 0.01), and differed between treatments for both yield grades (YG) and quality grades distributions (P values ≤ 0.01). Cattle-fed EXP had a shift toward more YG 1 and 2, select and sub-select carcasses compared to OPT, which had as shift toward more YG 3, 4, 5, prime and choice carcasses. With increased beef production and efficiency compared to OPT, the estimated CO2 equivalent emissions from production were reduced by 6.2% per unit of carcass weight for EXP (P ≤ 0.01). Estimated net returns/animal shipped were $56.61 ± 9.37 more for EXP than OPT (P ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, when cattle were fed for the same total number of days, feeding EXP compared to OPT increased net returns, feedlot performance, and efficiency, but resulted in carcass yield and quality characteristics that may impact marketing programs.
Safety of biologic agents for the management of rheumatic diseases during pregnancy
Authors: D’Gama Jonathan D. , Bermas Bonnie L. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
To discuss the current understanding regarding the use of biologic therapeutics in pregnancy.

Recent findings
Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the potential fetal and infant exposure to biologics as well as a growing body of empirical evidence from real world use of biologics in pregnancy have demonstrated that biologics are generally compatible preconception and during pregnancy. Long-term effects of exposure to biologic agents in utero are not known, but will be uncovered in time. Biosimilars, which are becoming more popular, may not always share the same safety profiles as their originators.

Summary
Biologics have revolutionized the management of rheumatologic disease and ushered in a new era of clinical remission among patients. These agents, developed and introduced into clinical use at the beginning of the new millennium, are very potent, yet their efficacy in treating disease often in reproductive aged women, raises questions regarding their safety during pregnancy. These therapeutics can cause immunosuppression and can inhibit immunologic circuits that are not only involved in disease pathophysiology but hypothetically could impact the development of the fetal immune system. Reassuringly, biologics, typically antibodies or antibody-based proteins, are introduced to the fetus via the typical route of transplacental antibody transfer, and thus only begin to be transferred in appreciable amounts in the second trimester (after organogenesis). From theoretic and empirical standpoints, biologic use during pregnancy appears well tolerated for fetal development and to not substantially affect infant immune development.
Talar Neck Fractures with Associated Ipsilateral Foot and Ankle Fractures Have a Higher Risk of Avascular Necrosis
Authors: Srinath Arjun , Southall Wyatt G. S. , Nazal Mark R. , Mechas Charles A. , Foster Jeffrey A. , Griffin Jarod T. , Muhammad Maaz , Moghadamian Eric S. , Landy David C. , Aneja Arun 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To determine if talar neck fractures with concomitant ipsilateral foot and/or ankle fractures (TNIFAFs) are associated with higher rates of avascular necrosis (AVN) compared to isolated talar neck fractures (ITNs).

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective Cohort

Setting:
Single Level I Trauma Center

Patient Selection Criteria:
Skeletally mature patients who sustained talar neck fractures from January 2008 to January 2017 with at least six months follow-up. Based on radiographs at the time of injury, fractures were classified as ITN or TNIFAF and by Hawkins classification.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons: The primary outcome was the development of AVN based on follow-up radiographs, with secondary outcomes including nonunion and collapse.

RESULTS:
There were 115 patients who sustained talar neck fractures, with 63 (55%) in the ITN group and 52 (45%) in the TNIFAF group. In total, 63 (54.7%) patients were female with mean age of 39 years (range, 17-85), and 111 (96.5%) fractures occurred secondary to high-energy mechanisms of injury. There were no significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between groups (p>0.05). Twenty-four (46%) patients developed AVN in the TNIFAF group compared to 19 (30%) patients in the ITN group (p = 0.078). After adjusting for Hawkins classification and other variables, the odds of developing AVN was higher in the TNIFAF group compared to the ITN group [Odds Ratio, 2.43 (95% CI, 1.01-5.84); (p = 0.047)].

CONCLUSIONS:
This study found a significantly higher likelihood of AVN in patients with talar neck fractures with concomitant ipsilateral foot and/or ankle fractures compared to those with isolated talar neck fractures after adjusting for Hawkins classification and other potential prognostic confounders.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Better tools for better estimates: improving approaches to handling missing data in Swiss cancer registries
Authors: Richter Cornelia , Wildisen Lea , Rohrmann Sabine , Haile Sarah R. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
Various approaches have been used in the literature to handle missing vital status data in cancer registries. We aimed to compare these approaches to determine which led to the least biased estimates in typical analytic tasks of cancer registries.

Methods
A simulation study was performed using data from the Swiss National Agency for Cancer Registration for six tumor types. First, 5%, 10% and 15% missingness in the vital status were introduced artificially in the complete data. Second, missing vital status data were handled by applying no, single or multiple imputations. Five-year overall survival estimates, relative survival or standardized incidence ratio were computed. Estimates were compared with the true value.

Results
Standardized incidence ratio estimates for colorectal cancer obtained with multiple imputation yielded least biased results (−0.06 to −0.04), but the widest confidence intervals. Single imputation was more biased (−0.32) than using no imputation at all (−0.21). A similar pattern was observed for overall survival and relative survival.

Conclusion
This simulation study indicated that often used single imputation (sometimes referred to as simulating follow-up times) techniques to fill in missing vital status data are likely too biased to be useful in practice. Multiple imputation approaches yielded standardized incidence ratio, overall and relative survival estimates with the least bias, indicating reasonable performance that is likely to generalize to other settings.
Febrile Ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann Disease Associated With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chen Caroline , Fahmy Lauren M. , Schreidah Celine M. , Magro Cynthia M. , Geskin Larisa J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Mucha-Habermann disease (MHD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by polymorphous eruptions of erythematous, necrotic macules that have been reported for similarities to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Febrile ulceronecrotic MHD (FUMHD) represents a severe variant of MHD, marked by ulcers, hemorrhagic bullae, and systemic symptoms. Herein, we report a case of a severely atypical lymphomatoid expression of FUMHD associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). A previously healthy 21-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a rapidly progressive necrotic papular rash. Physical examination revealed right orbital swelling, bilateral hemorrhagic auricular bullae, and multiple ulcerative purpuric papulonodules on the trunk, face, and extremities. Biopsy indicated a dermal and subcutaneous infiltrate of atypical CD8+ lymphocytes with loss of CD5 and reduction in CD7 expression, along with features of lymphomatoid vasculitis. A diagnosis of a severely atypical lymphomatoid expression of FUMHD was made. The patient also met 7 of 9 HLH-2004 criteria, leading to a diagnosis of HLH. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography, flow cytometry, and rheumatologic workup were unremarkable. Treatment with an eight-week course of etoposide and dexamethasone for HLH led to rapid clinical improvement. Over time, her skin lesions regressed and eventually scabbed over to leave hyperpigmented scars, confirming the diagnosis of MHD. She has remained stable, off therapy for 4 years. Although potentially fatal, FUMHD often exhibits favorable outcomes and may resolve without recurrence, as in our patient. FUMHD should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with cutaneous CD8+ necrotizing angiocentric lymphoproliferative disease complicated by HLH.
Three Useful Tips and Tricks for Intraoperative Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Liu Wen-Chih , Raasveld Floris V. , Mayrhofer-Schmid Maximilian , Eberlin Kyle R. , Valerio Ian L. 
Published: March 2024

Summary:
Disposable handheld nerve stimulators are widely used in peripheral nerve surgery. Such devices stimulate a motor nerve or the motor component of a mixed nerve by applying electrical current to the proximal region, targeting the main nerve trunk. This stimulation then travels along the motor nerve, reaching the distal end to control the corresponding muscle(s). In this study, the authors demonstrate three useful tips and tricks for handheld nerve stimulation during targeted muscle reinnervation and peripheral nerve surgery. The three tips are (1) identification of proximal muscle contraction by retrograde electrical stimulation of a distal sensory nerve; (2) graded stimulation for identifying motor nerves within fibrotic scarred tissue beds or parallel to the major motor/mixed nerve of interest; and (3) proximal stimulation for validation of adequate post-targeted muscle reinnervation coaptation(s).
Keloid Intralesional Excision Reduces Recurrence: A Meta-analytic Study of the Available Literature on 608 Keloids
Authors: Lawera Nathan G. , Madzia Jules , Casey Liann C. , Guyton Rodney L. , Woodyard De Brito Kiersten C. , Kinzer Alexandra , Ulma Raquel M. , Pan Brian S. , Schwentker Ann R. , Leto Barone Angelo A. 
Published: March 2024

Background:The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of keloid intralesional excision (KILE) in preventing recurrence. Treatment of keloids using surgical excision alone leads to high rates of recurrence. To date, there are no widely accepted guidelines for keloid treatment, and a multitude of adjunctive therapies are used to reduce recurrence. Despite these efforts, recurrence remains high. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of the existing literature on KILE to determine its role in recurrence reduction.Methods:A literature review using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed. Two authors independently evaluated studies for eligibility. Incidence of keloid recurrence was recorded, and a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to assess the pooled keloid recurrence rate, as well as the effect of additional therapies.Results:Twenty-two studies evaluating intralesional excision of 608 keloids were included in the study. Average time to follow-up was 19.2 months (range 6–35 months). A meta-analysis of proportions was conducted, demonstrating a pooled recurrence rate of 13% (95% confidence interval, 9%–16%). There was no evidence that using therapies in addition to KILE had a significant effect on the overall pooled recurrence rate.Conclusions:A meta-analysis of 608 keloids shows that KILE is an effective technique in preventing keloid recurrence, with a pooled recurrence rate of 13% compared with previously reported rates of 45%–100% after complete excision. Although there are no standard guidelines for keloid treatment, our meta-analysis shows that KILE is promising in recurrence reduction.
Restoring SRSF3 in Kupffer cells attenuates obesity-related insulin resistance
Authors: Gao Hong , Rocha Karina C. E. , Jin Zhongmou , Kumar Deepak , Zhang Dinghong , Wang Ke , Das Manasi , Farrell Andrea , Truong Tyler , Tekin Yasemin , Jung Hyun Suh , Kempf Julia , Webster Nicholas J. G. , Ying Wei 
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:
In obesity, depletion of KCs expressing CRIg (complement receptor of the Ig superfamily) leads to microbial DNA accumulation, which subsequently triggers tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. However, the mechanism underlying obesity-mediated changes in KC complement immune functions is largely unknown.

Approach and Results:
Using KC-specific deactivated Cas9 transgenic mice treated with guide RNA, we assessed the effects of restoring CRIg or the serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) abundance on KC functions and metabolic phenotypes in obese mice. The impacts of weight loss on KC responses were evaluated in a diet switch mouse model. The role of SRSF3 in regulating KC functions was also evaluated using KC-specific SRSF3 knockout mice. Here, we report that overexpression of CRIg in KCs of obese mice protects against bacterial DNA accumulation in metabolic tissues. Mechanistically, SRSF3 regulates CRIg expression, which is essential for maintaining the CRIg+ KC population. During obesity, SRSF3 expression decreases, but it is restored with weight loss through a diet switch, normalizing CRIg+ KCs. KC SRSF3 is also repressed in obese human livers. Lack of SRSF3 in KCs in lean and obese mice decreases their CRIg+ population, impairing metabolic parameters. During the diet switch, the benefits of weight loss are compromised due to SRSF3 deficiency. Conversely, SRSF3 overexpression in obese mice preserves CRIg+ KCs and improves metabolic responses.

Conclusions:
Restoring SRSF3 abundance in KCs offers a strategy against obesity-associated tissue inflammation and insulin resistance by preventing bacterial DNA accumulation.
Reversing malnutrition and low muscle strength with targeted enteral feeding in patients awaiting liver transplant: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chapman Brooke , Wong Darren , Sinclair Marie , Hey Penelope , Terbah Ryma , Gow Paul , Majumdar Avik , Testro Adam 
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:
Most patients with decompensated cirrhosis fail to meet their nutrition targets. The impact of nasogastric feeding (NGF) on malnutrition in cirrhosis remains unknown. This study aims to assess the impact of pretransplant NGF on pre–liver transplant and post–liver transplant outcomes.

Approach and Results:
This single-center, prospective randomized controlled trial of 55 patients with severe malnutrition and low handgrip strength (HGS) compared a standard high-energy high-protein diet to diet plus supplemental nocturnal NGF while awaiting transplant. The primary outcome was a change in HGS. The median age was 58.5 years (IQR: 51.1–64), median MELD was 24 (20–28.5), and 32 (58%) patients were male. The median duration of NGF was 63.0 days (34.5–127), following which time the median between-group difference in HGS was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 1.7–5.2, p<0.001), an increase of 20% from baseline. Mid–upper-arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and immune function all increased significantly with NGF. Muscle and nutritional parameters continued to improve with increasing duration of feeding. NGF significantly increased daily energy intake between groups by 1285 kcal (95% CI: 860–1677) and protein intake by 51 g (95% CI: 32–71) (both p<0.001). All NGF patients met >100% of their measured nutritional requirements. Posttransplant clinical outcomes were similar between groups.

Conclusions:
Targeted enteral feeding before liver transplant improves HGS, anthropometry, and immune function in severely malnourished patients with cirrhosis. These findings provide a strong rationale for early consideration of NGF to reverse malnutrition and improve muscle strength. Appropriately powered studies should explore whether NGF can also impact clinically relevant outcomes including pretransplant and posttransplant mortality.