bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality, Social Structure and Age Predict Conspecific Aggression in Captive Breeding Southern Ground‐Hornbills (Bucorvus leadbeateri)
Authors: Koeppel Katja N. , Lubbe Nevanya , Donaldson Ashleigh , Kemp Lucy Valeska 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSouthern Ground‐hornbills (SGHs) are listed as Vulnerable globally, and Endangered in South Africa, Namibia and Swaziland, due to poisoning, habitat loss and persecution. Successful conservation breeding and rearing of redundant second‐hatched chick protocol has been established to supplement natural SGH populations in an attempt mitigate a declining population. However, captive rearing is costly and susceptible to loss of birds through conspecific aggression. Maximising the efficacy of reproductive output in captive settings and ensuring successful reintroductions of captive‐reared birds to wild populations is of paramount importance if this species is to persist. Therefore, it is important to untangle the predictors of what drives mortalities in captive birds, particularly, through conspecific aggression. Using a database of captive SGH mortalities collected over 46 years we investigated whether variables such as season, age, relatedness, sex and husbandry predicted the occurrence of conspecific aggression in SGH. Aggression among adult, non‐related birds particularly during SGH breeding season (austral spring) was the most predictable form of conspecific aggression. It was inferred that aggression is normally directed at non‐related birds outside of already established social groups or at younger, related birds that are not dispersing from groups when reaching sexual maturity. Variables such as season, age, relatedness and husbandry were therefore all useful for predicting the potential and avoidable occurrence of an aggression event. Male birds were most often the aggressors. Making use of such variables to manage birds in a captive setting, move birds before sexual maturity and maintaining birds in known and accepted social structures could greatly improve management in SGH breeding facilities and optimise the efforts for re‐establishing natural SGH populations.
Introduction: Understanding Consent and Legal Consciousness in Sex Work
Authors: Scoular Jane , Gyurko Fanni , Brents Barbara G. , Sanders Teela , Abel Gillian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This book examines how sex workers navigate different legal environments—criminalised, partially criminalised, legalised, and decriminalised—and how these contexts influence their experiences and definitions of sexual violence and unwanted sexual contact. In this chapter, we introduce the book’s main goals and foundational concepts. We start by outlining the research aims of the study that informs this book, and the importance of understanding how sex workers navigate legal systems. Next, the chapter explores the varied definitions and interpretations of sexual violence and consent. Following this, we discuss the concept of legal consciousness, focusing on how sex workers perceive, understand, and interact with the law. The chapter differentiates between formal laws, workplace rules, and informal norms, explaining how these distinctions shape the interpretation of our research findings. We then review the research methods used, before concluding with an overview of the chapters for the rest of the book.
Formal Reporting: The Barriers and Enablers of Legal Mobilisation
Authors: Sanders Teela , Smailes Harriet , Brents Barbara G. , Scoular Jane , Abel Gillian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, we examine how sex workers interact with the criminal legal system, focusing on the challenges they face in reporting violations and seeking justice. Research shows that sex workers rarely engage with the police and broader criminal justice system, facing injustices, discrimination, and limited access to justice worldwide. To advance knowledge and discussions, we aim to uncover the nuances and consequences of different governance models and assess how sex workers mobilise the law for their assistance. We explore variations in confidence in the police among sex workers across our case-study jurisdictions. For those who have engaged with the criminal justice system, we examine their experiences with police and court processes. We also investigate why sex workers withdraw from the criminal justice system and sometimes prefer other forms of intervention. Finally, we identify the most favourable conditions for sex workers to engage with police and the criminal justice system, highlighting best practices and trauma-informed interventions. As in previous chapters, we analyse these findings through the lens of legal consciousness. We focus on how sex workers’ understanding of formal law, especially their willingness to seek formal redress, is influenced by the perceptions and responses of other actors, such as fellow sex workers, brothel staff, police, and judicial system actors (Young in Law & Society Review 48(3):499–530, 2014).
Legal Consciousness and Sex Work: Towards More Inclusive Policy
Authors: Scoular Jane , Gyurko Fanni , Brents Barbara G. , Sanders Teela , Abel Gillian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The concluding chapter synthesises the findings from the entire book, emphasising the need for legal frameworks that respect the dynamic nature of consent in sex work. It highlights the disparities between legal definitions and the lived realities of sex workers, calling for inclusive policies that empower sex workers and enhance their safety. The chapter addresses the key themes of empowerment, peer communication, and opportunities for learning, as crucial elements for managing and responding to unwanted sexual contact. The chapter structure follows a comprehensive summary of key findings, a discussion of the implications for policy and practice, and final recommendations for legal reforms and support mechanisms.
The Sex Work and Sexual Violence Study: Research Methods
Authors: Sanders Teela , Balderston Susie , Wakefield Chris , Scoular Jane , Brents Barbara G. , Abel Gillian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this chapter we outline the details of the study. We explain the methodological decisions around methods, recruitment, and analysis. This chapter shows clearly the trauma-informed design which underpins this study given the subject of sexual violence. We detail the ethical principles of the project which is reinforced through the participatory action learning approach. The interviews conducted are explained and the cross-national survey. We also share the full socio-demographics of both the survey and interviews for full transparency and cross reference with the content of the book.
Anti-xa guided enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis is associated with less thromboembolism than fixed dose dalteparin in trauma patients admitted to intensive care
Authors: Kloub Ahmad , Alaieb AbuBaker , Kanbar Ahad , Abumusa Suha , Alishaq Fajer , Hinawi Yazan , Khan Naushad Ahmad , Asim Mohammad , Abulkhair Tarik , El-Menyar Ayman , Al-Thani Hassan , Rizoli Sandro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a common, preventable complication in trauma. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is recommended for VTE prophylaxis (VTEp). We investigated whether switching from fixed-dose dalteparin to anti-Xa-guided enoxaparin prophylaxis reduces VTE without increasing the risk of bleeding among hospitalized trauma patients.

Methods
This observational study compared injured patients admitted one year before (pre-P) and after (post-P) implementing a new VTEp protocol. The protocol was introduced as a performance improvement project (subcutaneous enoxaparin 30 mg twice daily), with dose calibration to peak plasma Anti-Xa level measured after the 3rd dose. The primary outcomes were the rate of VTE and bleeding.

Results
After protocol implementation (post-P), 305 patients were compared to 350 pre-protocol patients (pre-P). Anti-Xa levels were measured in 83% of post-P and none in the pre-P. 40% had low levels of anti-Xa, suggesting inadequate prophylaxis, and enoxaparin doses were accordingly increased. 51% attained the desired anti-Xa levels, 9% had higher levels, and LMWH doses were subsequently reduced. VTE incidence after protocol implementation decreased from 4 to 1.3% (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.1–0.9, P = 0.03) without increasing the bleeding rate. The time intervals between two consecutive PE events were significantly longer after protocol implementation. Among TBI patients, the rate of VTE was lower. However, it did not reach statistical significance. 75% of patients with VTE had low anti-Xa levels, while 20% of those with bleeding had high anti-Xa levels.

Conclusion
Among adult patients in the trauma ICU, compared to a fixed dose dalteparin, enoxaparin prophylaxis with dose calibration according to peak anti-Xa levels was associated with lower VTE rates without increasing the risk of bleeding. About 40% of patients who received initial enoxaparin doses of 30 mg twice daily had anti-Xa levels suggestive of inadequate prophylaxis. Calibrating LMWH dosing may improve VTEp following traumatic injury.
Zufallsbefund von Lymphangioleiomyomatose in gynäkologischen Operationspräparaten – eine Fallserie
Authors: Müller Julia , Gilks Blake , McAlpine Jessica , Hiller Grit Gesine Ruth , Höhn Anne Kathrin , Horn Lars-Christian 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Lymphangioleiomyomatose (LAM) ist eine seltene progrediente low-grade Neoplasie, welche überwiegend bei jungen Frauen auftritt. Die Erkrankung ist primär für ihre pulmonale Manifestation mit zystischer Parenchymdestruktion bekannt, jedoch ist auch eine extrapulmonale Beteiligung möglich. LAM ist assoziiert mit Mutationen in den Tuberöse-Sklerose-Komplex(TSC)-Genen TSC1 und TSC2 und kann sporadisch oder im Kontext der hereditären Erkrankung TSC auftreten.

Ziel
Sensibilisierung für extrapulmonale LAM-Befunde im Retroperitoneum und Beckenraum.

Methodik
Es wurde eine Datenbankrecherche zu LAM-Befunden in gynäkologischen Operationspräparaten durchgeführt. HE-Schnittpräparate wurden reevaluiert und immunhistochemische Präparate begutachtet. Klinische Daten wurden hinsichtlich des Vorliegens einer pulmonalen LAM oder TSC ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 13 Fälle identifiziert. Das Alter der Patientinnen reichte von 32 bis 77 Jahren, wobei 8/13 Frauen ≤ 55 Jahre alt waren, 2 Patientinnen wiesen eine Anamnese von pulmonaler LAM und TSC auf. Die meisten Frauen wurden aufgrund gynäkologischer Malignome operiert. Die histologische Begutachtung zeigte in 10/13 Fällen LAM-Läsionen in 1 bis 9 Lymphknoten mit einer Größe von 0,5–12,0 mm, 3/13 Fälle wiesen eine extranodale LAM-Beteiligung im Retroperitoneum, Myometrium und Ovarhilus auf. Die Läsionen exprimierten überwiegend HMB45, Desmin und SMA.

Diskussion
LAM ist eine seltene Erkrankung mit vorrangiger Lungenbeteiligung, jedoch ist auch eine extrapulmonale Manifestation möglich. Es ist entscheidend, LAM-Foci zu erkennen und zu berichten, um einen ersten Hinweis für eine bis dato nichtdiagnostizierte pulmonale LAM und/oder eine TSC zu geben.
Demosaic-free color detection for particle images
Authors: Noto Daisuke , Yoda Kaito , Tasaka Yuji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We propose a robust method to detect colors, positions, and sizes of particles on color particle images. The method is free of color artifacts originating from the demosaic process of Bayer raw images. We test the method using synthetic color particle images to quantitatively evaluate its performance and demonstrate its capacity for precise extraction of colors while refining particle positions at sub-sub-pixel level. We demonstrate the method’s applicability by applying it to different types of particle images from laboratory experiments of color particle tracking velocimetry and liquid crystal thermometry. The method standardizes color detection on particle images and promises the improvement in final performances of these color-utilizing measurements.
Identifying factors for pembrolizumab eligibility in head and neck cancer
Authors: Miyamaru Satoru , Murakami Daizo , Nishimoto Kohei , Orita Yorihisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used as first-line treatments for recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer (R/M HNC), there are many cases where the treatment is ineffective, making the assessment of efficacy crucial. In this study, we examined factors associated with the therapeutic effects of pembrolizumab.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients with R/M HNC treated with pembrolizumab from January 2020 to December 2022. We investigated the relationship between survival rates and various factors such as the combined positive score (CPS), histological subtypes, recurrent lesions, details of administered agents, sequence of administration, history of cetuximab use, and presence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Results
The overall survival rates at 1-, 2, and 3 years were 57.4%, 41.8%, and 32.3%, respectively. The response and disease control rates were 31.5% and 51.9%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, a CPS of 20 or higher, first-line treatment, no history of cetuximab use, and the presence of irAEs was associated with better survival rates, whereas in the multivariate analysis, the first two factors were significantly associated with better survival. In this study, 16 of 20 cases had a CPS of 50 or higher, and 7 had a CPS of 90 or higher, indicating that a large number of high CPS cases were included, which is believed to have contributed to the results of this study.

Conclusion
In patients with a CPS of 20 or higher, pembrolizumab can be administered as first-line treatment, with favorable expected therapeutic effects.
A comprehensive survey on Arabic text augmentation: approaches, challenges, and applications
Authors: ElSabagh Ahmed Adel , Azab Shahira Shaaban , Hefny Hesham Ahmed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Arabic is a linguistically complex language with a rich structure and valuable syntax that pose unique challenges for natural language processing (NLP), primarily due to the scarcity of large, reliable annotated datasets essential for training models. The varieties of dialects and mixtures of more than one language within a single conversation further complicate the development and efficacy of deep learning models targeting Arabic. Data augmentation (DA) techniques have emerged as a promising solution to tackle data scarcity and improve model performance. However, implementing DA in Arabic NLP presents its challenges, particularly in maintaining semantic integrity and adapting to the language’s intricate morphological structure. This survey comprehensively examines various aspects of Arabic data augmentation techniques, covering strategies for model training, methods for evaluating augmentation performance, understanding the effects and applications of augmentation on data, studying NLP downstream tasks, addressing augmentation problems, proposing solutions, conducting in-depth literature reviews, and drawing conclusions. Through detailed analysis of 75 primary and 9 secondary papers, we categorize DA methods into diversity enhancement, resampling, and secondary approaches, each targeting specific challenges inherent in augmenting Arabic datasets. The goal is to offer insights into DA effectiveness, identify research gaps, and suggest future directions for advancing NLP in Arabic.
Outcomes of intramedullary nailing versus plate fixation for humeral shaft fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Derbas Jawad , Moghamis Isam , Alzobi Osama , Elshoeibi Amgad , Murshid Abdullah , Ahmed Ghalib 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Humeral shaft fractures account for 1–3% of all bone fractures. Conservative treatment often leads to complications such as non-union and shoulder stiffness. Surgical fixation with a dynamic compression plate (DCP) has been the gold standard treatment. Intramedullary nailing (IMN) has recently gained popularity due to its minimally invasive approach and reduced risk of radial nerve injury. This study aims to compare the outcomes of IMN and plate fixation for humeral shaft fractures.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients with humeral shaft fractures treated with either IMN or DCP fixation at Hamad General Hospital between April 2015 and October 2018. Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, surgical outcomes, and complications were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient information, and univariate analysis was conducted to compare both groups. A Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, gender, and polytrauma status was applied to compare time to union between IMN and DCP groups.

Results
Sixty five patients (25 IMN, 40 plate fixation) were included. Non-union rates were higher in the DCP group than in the IMN group (13% vs. 4%). Reoperation rates were also higher in the DCP group (20% vs. 4%). Postoperative neuropathy rates were 4% for IMN and 10% for DCP, with neuropathy resolution significantly higher in the IMN group (92% vs. 68%). Shoulder range of motion (ROM) and pain favored the DCP group, with 98% unaffected ROM in the plate group compared to 76% in the IMN group (p = 0.007), and a lower incidence of shoulder pain (28% vs. 98%, p < 0.001). Time to union was comparable between both groups, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.08 (95% CI 0.62–1.90; p = 0.776).

Conclusion
IMN and plate fixation effectively achieved fracture union; however, plate fixation was associated with better shoulder function, reduced pain, and higher reoperation rates. IMN was linked to a lower risk of nerve injury but compromised shoulder ROM and resulted in more postoperative pain.
Foehn warming mechanism and near-surface weather impact at the northern foreland of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids, Czech Republic
Authors: Matějka Michael , Řehoř Jan , Brázdil Rudolf , Štěpánek Petr , Zahradníček Pavel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The interaction of large-scale flow and local topography can lead to various meteorological phenomena. A prominent example is foehn, a dry and warm leeward wind. Foehn’s impact on near-surface meteorological parameters and its formation mechanisms have been extensively studied in the Alps and other regions worldwide. However, less attention has been given to pronounced warm events in leeward areas of Central European mountain ranges with peak altitudes of 1100–1600 m asl. This paper investigates three selected foehn events induced by strong southerly flow over the Moravian-Silesian Beskids range in the northeastern part of the Czech Republic. The three foehn events from 31 October 2010, 14 January 2008, and 30 October 2021 represent situations with the highest 2 m temperature differences between Lučina (a foehn-affected region) and Olomouc (an unaffected region), reaching 12.8 °C in the first case and 10.8 °C in the two other cases. In addition to in-situ observations, these events were investigated using atmospheric cross-sections and backward-trajectory analyses based on Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model output. Finally, isentropic drawdown with a mean descent of trajectories by ~ 400–600 m was identified as the principal foehn warming mechanism, resulting in adiabatic warming and intense surface-layer mixing.
Income, demand and privatization
Authors: Benassi Corrado , Chirco Alessandra , Colombo Caterina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The question raised in this paper is whether and how some core features of income distribution, e.g. the income levels or income inequality, should be relevant in the decision to privatize public firms. The paper provides a first answer in the framework of mixed oligopoly theory. In particular, we show that the scope for privatization is widened when the market is poorer, and when incomes become more concentrated. These unexpected results are accounted for in terms of the way distributional shocks alter the allocative inefficiency of imperfectly competitive markets.
Development and validation of a prediction model for serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab in Japan
Authors: Nanki Toshihiro , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Umetsu Kosei , Tanabe Ryunosuke , Maeda Naoki , Kanazawa Minori , Furuno Yuko , Matsuda Shinichi , Takemoto Shinya , Asao Keiko , Kamiuchi Tatsuya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To develop a prediction model for serious infections (SIs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with tocilizumab in Japan and to evaluate the model’s performance compared to previously developed models, i.e., ‘DANBIO’ and ‘postmarketing surveillance’ (PMS).

Method
This non-interventional retrospective cohort study utilized the Medical Data Vision database in Japan. The study population was derived from patients ≥ 18 years with RA who initiated tocilizumab between April 2008 and July 2021. SIs were assessed during the 1-year follow-up from tocilizumab initiation. The candidate predictors were identified based on previous studies, known risk factors, potentially relevant factors, and data availability. The prediction model was developed using logistic regression. The model’s performance was compared with previously developed models using cross-entropy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results
Of the 6501 RA patients, 4.57% experienced SIs during the 1-year follow-up. The model included 17 predictors for SI (e.g., age (odds ratio 1.013 (95% confidence interval 1.002–1.024)), history of SIs (2.569 (1.636–3.745)), diverticulitis (2.183 (1.000–3.989))). The model showed a lower cross-entropy and a higher AUC (0.1488; 0.712) compared to DANBIO (0.1932; 0.591) and PMS (0.1561; 0.565) models, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value using 5% threshold were 72%, 64%, 7%, and 98%, respectively.

Conclusions
The model developed in this study seems to have the potential to inform the risk of SIs in RA patients treated with tocilizumab and may help the early identification of patients at risk of SIs to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Key Points•The developed model in this study may inform physicians on the SIs risk in RA patients treated with tocilizumab.•This model can contribute to personalized decision-making, early identification of patients with high-risk profiles to SIs, and reduction in associated morbidity, mortality, and costs.