bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten-year survival rates in breast cancer using combination chemotherapy
Authors: Hancock Kathleen , Peet B Gadsby , Price J J , Watson G Whyte , Stone Joan , Turner R L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The outcome in 254 patients with all stages of breast cancer treated by combination chemotherapy is presented. All the patients were treated 10 ormore years ago. The 10-year survival rate for Stages, and II corrt bined is 60 per cent, in Stage III 19 per cent and in Stage IV 3 per cent. The combined rate in Stages I and II differed markedly according to hormonal status. In premenopausal patients the rate was 84 per cent compared with 42 per cent in postmenopausal patients.
Quadruple chemotherapy for advanced malignant disease
Authors: Jamieson G G , Carter D C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of treatment of 48 cases of advanced cancer by quadruple chemotherapy are reported. In only 4 patients was an objective remission obtained, although equivocal remissions were observed in 9 patients. This report is at variance with other recent reports. The reasons for the discrepancy are discussed, and while combination chemotherapy may prove more effective if used earlier in the natural history of malignant disease, in this series the technique does not appear to offer any greater chance of remission than chemotherapeutic agents used singly.
Carbohydrate tolerance with portal and systemic venous drainage of the pancreas
Authors: Collin Jack , Taylor R M R , Johnston Ivan D A 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Carbohydrate tolerance was studied in 8 dogs with pancreatic venous drainage to the hepatic portal vein and 6 dogs with pancreatic venous drainage to the systemic veins. While systemic venous drainage of the pancreas was associated with higher fasting plasma insulin and lower fasting plasma glucose levels, no significant differences in either glucose clearance or insulin response to glucose were detectable. Therefore, in the maintenance of plasma glucose homeostasis, administration of insulin into the portal vein offers no significant advantages over the easier systemic route.
Portal hypertension treated by left gastro-epiploic to left renal vein anastomosis: Case report
Authors: Stipa S , Scaramuzza P , Lombard M 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A case of portal hypertension is presented in which because of the presence of multiple thromboses of the main portal branches one of the usual portasystemic shunts could not be performed. An anastomosis between an enlarged left gastro-epiploic vein and the left renal vein was successfully carried out. Six months after surgery the patient was well and no further haemorrhage had occurred.
The amylase creatinine clearance ratio in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Murray W R , Mackay C 
Published: March 2007

Summary
One hundred and twenty-two patients have been studied in order to evaluate the usefulness of the amylase creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) as a simple diagnostic test for acute pancreatitis. Sixteen out of 17 patients with acute pancreatitis had significant elevations in ACCR; in only 10 of these 17 cases was the serum amylase greater than 1200 iu|l. The mean ACCR was within the normal range in control patients, in patients with chronic gastro-intestinal disease and in patients with acute abdominal conditions excluding pancreatitis; however, the mean serum amylase was significantly greater in patients with acute abdominal conditions than in the control group (P &lt;0·05). The ACCR remained significantly elevated in patients with acute pancreatitis for longer than either serum or urine amylase values. The findings of the study suggest that the amylase creatinine clearance ratio is a simple yet reliable diagnostic test which could be used when screening patients suspected of having acute pancreatitis.
Multiseptate hypoplastic gallbladder
Authors: Jena P K , Hardie R A , Hobsley M 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A case is presented of multiseptate hypoplastic gallbladder, which is an extremely rare combination of two congenital anomalies. The patient was diagnosed as having cholecystitis and was relieved of her symptoms following cholecystectomy, even though the specimen did not show evidence of inflammation or calculi. The significance of this is emphasized by reviewing the 5 authenticated cases of multiseptate gallbladder reported in the literature. Awareness of this condition should avoid misinterpretation of cholecystograms.
The medium term results after profundaplasty
Authors: Martin Peter , Bouhoutsos John 
Published: March 2007

Summary
The medium term results of 112 profundaplasties for lower limb ischaemia are reviewed for periods of up to 9 years after operation. Death from cardiovascular causes was found to be more common than subsequent amputation. Though immediate relief from symptoms was not so dramatic as after a femoropopliteal graft, the longer term results showed a much lower late amputation rate. The only reasonable operation for failure of a previous femoropopliteal graft appears to be a profundaplasty.
Treatment of critical ischaemia of the lower limb by venous arterialization: An interim report
Authors: Sheil A G R 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A method to revascularize the critically ischaemic lower limb by arterialization of the dorsal venous arch of the foot via the long saphenous vein is described. Satisfactory procedures were achieved in 5 of 6 patients for whom standard arterial reconstructions were not possible and who would otherwise have required amputation. Of these, 2 failed in the early postoperative period and amputation was performed. Two others failed after 1 year and 18 months respectively but amputation was not required. One patient died 8 months after operation with a functioning arterialized vein and pain-free limb. In the 5 patients with successfully revascularized limbs rest pain was relieved, and incisions, ischaemic ulcers and gangrene healed, showing that effective nutrition of the lower limb was achieved by delivering arterial blood through the venous system. Complications were minor and easily controlled. Although as a result of the procedure amputation was woided in 3 out of 6 patients, the place of the method in the treatment of critical ischaemia of the lower limb remains dubious. Further investigation and modification of the method are planned.
Carcinoma of the large bowel presenting as a subcutaneous abscess of the thigh: A report of 4 cases
Authors: Mair W S J , McAdam W A F , Lee P W R , Jepson K , Goligher J C 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Four cases of carcinoma of the distal large bowel are described in which the presenting feature was a subcutaneous abscess of the lateral aspect of the thigh. The high morbidity and mortality of this presentation are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Prostatectomy: Its safety in an Australian teaching hospital
Authors: Sach R , Marshall V R 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A comparison of the results of prostatectomy in the same hospital after a 15-year interval has shown that there has been a significant reduction in the mortality (2·3 per cent versus 6·7 per cent). However, on reviewing the results of prostatectomy over the past 30 years it is evident that in spite of improved pre- and postoperative care the mortality and morbidity for high risk patients have remained constant. If the safety for this operation is to improve, it would seem that more care in patient selection is necessary and that other means of achieving urinary drainage will need consideration and evaluation in elderly men with significant cardiovascular and respiratory disease.
Secretagogue-produced duodenal ulcers in the rat
Authors: Joffe S N , Gaskin R J , Barros D'Sa A A J , Baron J H 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Duodenal ulcers were produced in rats by the subcutaneous infusion for 6–48 hours of two gastric secretagogues in combination: pentagastrin (2 or 4 μg kg−1 min−1) and carbachol (0·4 or 0·8 μg kg−1 min−1). With increasing duration of infusion and higher doses there were increases in the incidence, severity, number and perforation rate of duodenal ulcers, their caudad distribution and mortality from peritonitis. This method of producing duodenal ulcers may sufficiently resemble the clinical situation to provide a model for the study of anti-ulcer drugs and the natural history of duodenal ulcers.
Penetrating airgun injuries of the head
Authors: Shaw M D M , Galbraith S 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Five cases of intracranial airgun injuries are presented. The accepted principles of treatment of a compound depressed fracture of the skull are easily overlooked in these patients because of the rarity of the injury and the apparent well-being of the patient, who is usually fully Conscious with only a small scalp laceration.
Nine years' experience with internal arteriovenous fistulas for haemodialysis: A study of some factors influencing the results
Authors: Kinnaert P , Vereerstraeten P , Toussaint C , Van Geertruyden J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Data were collected concerning 314 internal arteriovenous fistulas created in 242 adult patients (92 women and 150 men). The immediate failure rate for the various techniques used ranged from 7·7 to 12·0 percent, except for ulnar fistulas which had a rate of immediate thrombosis of 20·7 per cent. Survival rates were significantly lower for patients submitted to a combined therapy of dialysis and kidney transplantation when compared with patients treated with dialysis alone. The probability of survival of an arteriovenous fistula was lower in women than in men but the difference was significant only in patients undergoing transplantation. Survival rates at 2 years in dialysed patients were 87·6 per cent for distal radial—cephalic side-to-side fistulas, 100 per cent for radial—cephalic end-to-side fistulas located in the mid-forearm, 78·5 per cent for radial—cephalic end-to-side fistulas created near the wrist, 53·1 per cent for distal radial—cephalic end-to-end fistulas and 60·9 per cent for ulnar fistulas. Thrombosis was responsible for 87·2 per cent of 109 late failures. The incidence of infection was 1 case|11 patient years of haemodialysis.
Diagnosis of acute abdominal pain in the accident and emergency department
Authors: Wilson D H , Wilson P D , Walmsley R G , Horrocks Jane C , De Dombal F T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper reports the findings in a study involving 1537 patients with ‘acute abdominal pain’ presenting over a 13-month period to the Accident and Emergency Department of the General Infirmary at Leeds. Of these, 341 patients who proved to have pain of greater duration than a week, pain incidental to some other identifiable condition or no pain at the time of their attendance were excluded. The remaining 1196 were diagnosed clinically (using a structured case sheet) and subsequently by a Bayesian computer system. Feedback of the results of clinical and computer systems was given to clinicians at regular intervals. Clinical diagnostic accuracy in patients with surgical disorders rose from 40 per cent before the study to 61 per cent. Computer accuracy in these patients was 69·9 per cent. The proportion of patients sent home without ill effects rose from 20 per cent to 39 per cent. In other areas (e.g. gynaecology) the effects were less marked. It is suggested that the introduction of a simple postgraduate educational service, aided by a small computer, might prove of practical benefit in this clinical situation.
The treatment of acute superficial abscesses: A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Macfie J , Harvey J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A total of 219 acute superficial abscesses was treated. Patients were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups—primary suture with or without antibiotics and free drainage with or without antibiotics. No difference could be detected between the groups in duration of healing time. Eleven per cent of all abscesses sutured recurred and antibiotics did not affect this rate. It is suggested that free drainage following incision and drainage is the safest treatment for the majority of abscesses. Antibiotics do not have any significant effect on healing time or recurrence and their routine use is not recommended.
Zinc metabolism and surgical trauma
Authors: Hallböök T , Hedelin H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Several investigations have shown that zinc deficiency impairs wound healing in surgical wounds and in chronic ulcers. It is also well established that surgical trauma produces a sharp decrease in serum zinc concentration. It has not been clearly shown that this decrease is due to a rise in urinary excretion. In the present investigation the relationship between urinary zinc excretion and the fall in serum zinc postoperatively was studied in 38 patients. Older patients usually had low preoperative serum zinc concentrations. Preoperative zinc substitution is therefore suggested for such patients.
Torsion of the testis
Authors: Wright J E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 56 proved cases of torsion of the testis is reviewed. The condition is rare, only 2 patients per year being admitted to a large general hospital of 800 beds. The aim of this study was to assess the fate of testes in relation to the duration of symptoms: if less than 12 hours the outlook is good, between 12 and 24 hours survival of the testis is possible, over 24 hours the testis is most likely to be beyond salvage and beyond 48 hours there is virtually no hope of testicular survival and orchidectomy will be necessary.
Some surgical aspects of homozygous beta-thalassaemia
Authors: Craig R P , Bate C M , Humphries G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The surgical aspects of the management of patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia are reviewed, and the operative findings in 10 patients with the disease who underwent splenectomy are described. Postoperatively, blood consumption was reduced and there was a longer time interval between transfusions needed to maintain the haemoglobin level.
Hyperplastic lymph nodes containing erythropoietic elements are always present, and the first reported case of extrabiliary obstructive jaundice caused by this tissue is included. All the patients survived for 2–3 years after treatment and there were no serious infections. All received prophylactic oral penicillin after surgery. Cholelithiasis was not found. Two malleolar ulcers were successfully grafted with split skin after preparation of the craters with silver sulphadiazine cream.
Plasma glucagon levels in haemorrhagic shock
Authors: Russel R C G , Pardy B J , Carruthers M E , Bloom S R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eleven healthy dogs were subjected to haemorrhagic shock for 90 min, after which shed blood was reinfused. Detailed studies were made of cardiopulmonary function. Samples of blood were taken at frequent intervals for the measurement of glucagon, insulin and glucose. Three dogs had samples taken for catecholamine levels. The glucagon level rose during haemorrhagic shock but there was no relationship between this rise and the change in cardiorespiratory measurement, but there was a relationship between the plasma glucagon level, the blood glucose and the catecholamine level. It is suggested that the release of glucagon in haemorrhagic shock is mediated by sympathetic stimulation of the alpha cell and that the rise in glucagon is in part responsible for the hyperglycaemia which is found in shock.
Prevention of wound sepsis in gastro-intestinal surgery
Authors: Keighley M R B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
After gastro-intestinal operations wound infection is usually caused by the inoculation of bacteria present within the intestinal tract into the incision during the surgical procedure. In theory, wound sepsis may be minimized by the following methods: (a) avoiding intestinal contamination of the incision; (b) altering the normal flora of the intestinal tract by adding oral antimicrobials to bowel preparation; (c) using topical or systemic prophylactic antibiotic administration for certain high-risk patients. The relative importance of these methods of prophylaxis is described.
Occlusion of the subclavian vein associated with cephalic vein pacemaker electrodes
Authors: Crook B R M , Gishen P , Robinson C R , Oram S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thrombosis and occlusion of major veins have been described following the use of transvenous pacing electrodes for the establishment of permanent cardiac pacing. The frequency of such complications is, however, not well known. A series of 125 patients was therefore reviewed, all of whom had been paced with permanent transvenous electrodes through a cephalic vein. There was clinical and venographic evidence of subclavian vein occlusion in only 3 of these patients. A further 20 of these patients were also subjected to venography and showed no radiographic evidence of venous occlusion although minor thrombosis associated with the pacemaker electrode was found in one patient. It is concluded that the convenience of using the cephalic vein as a route for the insertion of transvenous pacing electrodes outweighs the small risk of major venous occlusion.
Relative risk of stump cancer following partial gastrectomy
Authors: Kivilaakso E , Hakkiluoto A , Kalima T V , Sipponen P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The relative risk of stump cancer following partial gastrectomy for a benign gastroduodenal condition was estimated using an individually matched retrospective study design based on autopsy material. Data on all patients dying with gastric cancer and autopsied at the Central Laboratory of Pathology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, during 1961–75 were collected. Matched pairs of the same sex and age were used as controls. Of the 464 patients dying with gastric cancer, 9 had undergone previous partial gastrectomy, while the respective number among the controls was 5. This result suggests that the risk of cancer in the gastric stump was not significantly increased as compared to the normal unoperated population.
The role of the surviving pancreas in late fatalities of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Maclean N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The necropsy findings in 3 patients who died between 4 and 14 weeks after episodes of acute pancreatitis are described. The most striking features were the extent of extraperitoneal necrosis and the comparative normality of residual portions of the pancreas. It is suggested that when the duct system is disrupted, the secretions of the surviving pancreas cause progressive enzymatic destruction of extrapancreatic tissues and thus contribute to the mortality of the disease.
Dissolution of retained bile duct stones using heparin
Authors: Chary Srinivasa 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Five cases of retained bile duct stones treated with heparin in normal saline are reported. In 2 cases the stones were retained in the left hepatic duct, proximal to the T tube. Infusion of heparin in normal saline was found to be simple and effective in treating retained bile duct stones without obvious side-effects. If stones are inadvertently left in the common bile duct following surgery, attempts should be made to encourage them to pass by heparin infusion through the T tube before a second operation is contemplated. Sufficient time must be allowed before the treatment is considered to have failed.
The value of profundaplasty in the management of severe femoropopliteal occlusion
Authors: Modgill V K , Humphrey C S , Shoesmith J H , Kester R C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 45 patients with advanced occlusive arterial disease of the femoropopliteal segment underwent profundaplasty as the sole operative procedure. The value of this technique as a salvage procedure for the severely ischaemic limb is discussed.
Doppler ultrasound in the functional assessment of extended deep femoral angioplasty
Authors: Thomas M H , Quick C R G , Cotton L T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twelve patients who have had an extended deep femoral angioplasty (EFDA) for severe lower limb ischaemia have been assessed. The patients underwent a standard exercise ankle pressure test before operation and 6 months after operation. The test included the measurement of resting brachial and ankle pressures, walking distance on a treadmill and the post-exercise pressure response. A limb ischaemic score was derived from these measurements; 8 patients showed an improved score, 3 patients exhibited no change and 1 was worse. The mean improvement in walking distance of the successful cases was 182 per cent (s.d. 96 per cent). There were no amputations during the period of study.
The efficacy of graduated compression stockings in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Scurr J H , Ibrahim S Z , Faber R G , Le Quesne L P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was studied by the 125I-fibrinogen technique in 70 patients who had had major abdominal operations and who were wearing graduated static compression stockings on one leg, the patient's other leg being used as a control. In the whole group 7 patients developed bilateral DVT, 19 patients developed unilateral DVT in the control leg and only one patient developed unilateral DVT in the stockinged leg. The difference between stockinged and control legs was highly significant (P = 0·0003). In the 19 patients with malignant disease the incidence of DVT in the stockinged leg remained significantly less (P = 0·037). It is concluded that graduated static compression stockings do reduce the incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis.
A prospective trial of prophylactic antibiotics in hand lacerations
Authors: Roberts A H N , Teddy P J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 368 patients with hand lacerations which required suturing were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups. The incidence of infected and of imperfectly healed wounds was noted 7 days after suturing. As well as the influence of antibiotics on healing, sixteen other factors which it was considered might affect healing were analysed.
The overall infection rate was 9·8 per cent, and there was no significant difference between the three groups. The imperfect healing rate (which includes the infected cases) was 24·6 per cent. There was a lower rate (P&lt;0·05) of imperfect healing in the Triplopen group (15 per cent) than in either the flucloxacillin group (29·5 per cent) or the group who received no antibiotics (29·0 per cent).
Other factors associated with imperfect healing found to be significant at the 1 per cent level, were wound contamination, pain and the presence of a wet or changed dressing at the second examination.
Intermittent sigmoid volvulus in the younger age groups
Authors: Smith R B , Kettlewell M G , Gough M H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Sigmoid volvulus is a well-recognized clinical entity, occurring more commonly in the male in middle or old age. In younger age groups the diagnosis is therefore often delayed. We report here 11 patients of an average age of 31 years (range 12–57 years), with a preponderance of females (7 : 4), who have presented to us in the past 2 years with intermittent sigmoid volvulus. The average age at onset of initial symptoms was 26 years. All had the diagnosis confirmed radiologically by colonoscopy or at operation. The diagnostic features of the condition are described.
The significance of starch powder contamination in the aetiology of peritoneal adhesions
Authors: Cooke S A R , Hamilton D G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The presence or absence of starch granulomas on the peritoneal surface or within peritoneal adhesions is reported in 20 patients subjected to a second laparotomy. Evidence is presented to show that starch granuloma formation is common in the early months following operation and that adhesions associated with starch granulomas cause intestinal obstruction. It is suggested that although starch is usually absorbed within 2 years, associated band adhesions may persist. Glove powder contamination of the peritoneal cavity may thus be a common cause of band adhesion obstruction.