bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No Arms and the Man? Virgil’s Aeneid in Modern Popular Culture
Authors: Maurice Lisa 
Published: February 2025

Perhaps more than any other text, Virgil’s Aeneid has had an impact on Western literature and society. The reasons for this popularity seem obvious, for it contains all the elements one would want in an enduring tale: a brave hero, an arduous yet eventually successful journey and quest, a tragic love plot, a people searching for a homeland. Taken on such a level, it would appear to be perfect material for a Hollywood blockbuster and multiple spin-offs. Yet to date, there have been remarkably few receptions of the work in modern popular culture, although Troy and the Trojan War continue to thrive, with receptions multiplying across genres and for all age groups. If Greece was, until recently, in the words of Gideon Nesbit, the neglected ‘dog in the nighttime’ in terms of classical reception and popular culture, Aeneas is the invisible hero, rarely glimpsed at all. This paper provides a brief overview of the reception of Virgil’s Aeneid in modern popular culture, considering popular fiction, children’s literature, poetry, screen and stage, before making some suggestions about why Virgil’s epic poem has failed to take hold in this culture in the way that Homer’s have, and what this suggests about both the Aeneid and contemporary society.
The Silicon Shrink
Authors: Oberhaus Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Why the race to apply AI in psychiatry is so dangerous, and how to understand the new tech-driven psychiatric paradigm.
AI psychiatrists promise to detect mental disorders with superhuman accuracy, provide affordable therapy for those who can't afford or can't access treatment, and even invent new psychiatric drugs. But the hype obscures an unnerving reality.In The Silicon Shrink, Daniel Oberhaus tells the inside story of how the quest to use AI in psychiatry has created the conditions to turn the world into an asylum. Most of these systems, he writes, have vanishingly little evidence that they improve patient outcomes, but the risks they pose have less to do with technological shortcomings than with the application of deeply flawed psychiatric models of mental disorder at unprecedented scale.
Oberhaus became interested in the subject of mental health after tragically losing his sister to suicide. In The Silicon Shrink, he argues that these new, ostensibly therapeutic technologies already pose significant risks to vulnerable people, and they won't stop there. These new breeds of AI systems are creating a psychiatric surveillance economy in which the emotions, behavior, and cognition of everyday people are subtly manipulated by psychologically savvy algorithms that have escaped the clinic. Oberhaus also introduces readers to the concept of “swipe psychology,” which is quickly establishing itself as the dominant mode of diagnosing and treating mental disorders.
It is not too late to change course, but to do so means we must reckon with the nature of mental illness, the limits of technology, and what it means to be human.
Nonlinear
Authors: Bethune Kevin G. 
Published: February 2025

From the acclaimed designer and bestselling author of Reimagining Design, a nonlinear approach to navigating design's nuances in pursuit of meaningful innovation.
In Nonlinear, Kevin Bethune shows us that we can reject trodden paths of digital or physical product creation by taking advantage of a nonlinear approach. To unlock meaningful innovation that breeds new and novel outcomes, he writes, teams need to embark on a journey into the proverbial forest of ambiguity, the result of a rapidly converging, dynamic, and exponentially changing landscape. The journey is less about getting it right or wrong, and more about using the information we have at our disposal to understand our choices and unlock new learning.
Nonlinear begins by taking the reader through Bethune's professional zigs and zags. The author explains that while his interdisciplinary leaps were rare at the time he took them, these varied experiences unlocked perspectives about design and innovation that uniquely prepared him for our present moment and for the future. He then showcases the role of quantitative information to strategically frame and set boundary conditions for our creative exploration, and he highlights the role of qualitative insights to provide the substance necessary to begin crafting solutions that address unmet needs. The book also identifies accelerants (or flywheels) that will help readers as they reflect on their journey through the forest of ambiguity, with a specific emphasis on diversity, a key theme for Bethune, a Black man who has navigated new horizons. Readers will enjoy having the chance to customize the author's perspectives and make them their own at both an individual and a team level.
Therapeutic Potential of Ginger-supplemented Diet in Reversing Lead-induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Lawal Muhsinat Bisola , Hassan Luqman Adepoju , Ojo Foluso Olamide , Adetoro Emmanuela Kehinde , Lawal Rasheed Tunde , Olayemi Olamide Samuel , Oladele Oluwabukola Margaret , Aderibigbe Oluseyi Yemi 
Published: February 2025

Background: The flowering plant ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale offers numerous health benefits, including immune support. Its bioactive compounds such as shogaols and gingerols, contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Objective: To access ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a protective agent against Nephrotoxicity induced by Lead by accessing the levels of inflammatory markers (Interleukin -6, Tumor Necrosis Factor), kidney function (Creatinine), and general kidney morphology.
Methods: Twenty-four (24) female Wistar rats weighing 150-170g were carefully divided into four groups (6 per group) and housed in plastic cages. The groups were Groups A (Control), B (the Lead), C [Lead and ginger (1%)], and D [Lead and ginger (5%)]. The rats were treated for 28 days, the control and the Lead groups were fed with normal rat diets and distilled water, while the Lead and ginger group was fed with ginger supplemented diet.
On day 29, the rats were sacrificed using cervical dislocation following animal ethical guidelines. Blood samples were collected from the apex of the heart (intracardiac puncture), stored in a heparinized bottle, and centrifuged to undergo further analysis (creatinine, interleukin 6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor). The kidney was removed and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The organ was then processed for histological analysis.
Results: The results showed a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of creatinine, Tumour Necrotic Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha), and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in group B compared to group A. While a statistically significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in groups C and D compared to group B. Histomorphological distortion was observed in group B compared to group A, while the lesion was reversed in groups C and D.
Conclusion: This study found that ginger has substantial health benefits for kidney tissues, particularly in nephrotoxicity caused by lead. Its ability to preserve kidney tissue, decrease inflammation, and improve kidney function highlights its significance as a treatment option for preventing or lessening kidney harm associated with toxic substances or underlying health issues. Further investigations are necessary to explore the possible adverse effects or contraindications that could be associated with ginger supplements or ginger-supplemented diets in humans.
Mediating and Non-mediating Factors Influencing Couples and Non-couples’ Cooperative Membership: Modelling Behaviors of Actors in Selected States of Nigeria
Authors: H. Sallawu, , Y. O. Gbadamosi, , P. D. Adebayo, , U. J. Adama, , I. S. Ugochukwu, , S. O. Salami, , M. Shehu, , J. N. Nmadu, 
Published: February 2025

Aims: Analyzing mediating and non-mediating factors influencing cooperative membership among couples and non-couples in addition to addressing gaps in understanding motivations and barriers so as to provide insights for tailored policies and effective cooperative models to enhance economic status and social well-being was the focus of this study.
Study Design: Original research using primary data.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in six Nigerian states in 2023.
Methodology: Six Nigerian states were randomly selected to collect data from 820 farmers using structured questionnaires. Analytical techniques employed included descriptive statistics, factor analysis, structural equation and bivariate recursive models.
Results: The study revealed that adult-male-cooperative members outnumber non-members across all states which suggest wide gender disparities. Regional variations in gender disparities in cooperative membership also exist stressing the need for inclusive policies and targeted programs for youth and elderly. Significant driving factors identified at 1% levels of significance included commitment, transparency, economic status, and employee efficiency. On the other hand, significant constraints affecting participation included inadequate infrastructure, poor communication, and limited education. Distance to cooperative meetings (average=7.61km) is negative, indicating a lower likelihood of increasing membership but does not impact on off-farm participation in the short and long run. Recursive logit and probit models reveal long-term impacts, stressing the importance of careful intervention design and policy planning.
Conclusion: Varying prediction of cooperative membership benefits, especially for non-couples, emphasize the need for complementary geographical and longitudinal studies, but off-farm activities show potential long-term negative effects. Robust cooperative institutions effectively linked to off-farm participation require improved infrastructure, access to education, corporate governance and sound financial management.
Use of Diabetes Technologies and Retinopathy in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Liu T. Y. Alvin , Shpigel Julia , Khan Fatima , Smith Kerry , Prichett Laura , Channa Roomasa , Kanbour Sarah , Jones Marissa , Abusamaan Mohammed S. , Sidhaye Aniket , Mathioudakis Nestoras , Wolf Risa M. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that can lead to vision loss. Outcomes of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin pump use in DR are not well understood.ObjectiveTo assess the use of CGM, insulin pump, or both, and DR and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study of adults with T1D in a tertiary diabetes center and ophthalmology center was conducted from 2013 to 2021, with data analysis performed from June 2022 to April 2023.ExposureUse of diabetes technologies, including insulin pump, CGM, and both CGM and insulin pump.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was development of DR or PDR. A secondary outcome was the progression of DR for patients in the longitudinal cohort. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed for development of DR and PDR and association with CGM and insulin pump use.ResultsA total of 550 adults with T1D were included (median age, 40 [IQR, 28-54] years; 54.4% female; 24.5% Black or African American; and 68.4% White), with a median duration of diabetes of 20 (IQR, 10-30) years, and median hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 7.8% (IQR, 7.0%-8.9%). Overall, 62.7% patients used CGM, 58.2% used an insulin pump, and 47.5% used both; 44% (244 of 550) of the participants had DR at any point during the study. On univariate analysis, CGM use was associated with lower odds of DR and PDR, and CGM with pump was associated with lower odds of PDR (all P &amp;lt; .05), compared with no CGM use. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, diabetes duration, microvascular and macrovascular complications, insurance type, and mean HbA1c, showed that CGM was associated with lower odds of DR (odds ratio [OR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32-0.84; P = .008) and PDR (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.75; P = .004), compared with no CGM use. In the longitudinal analysis of participants without baseline PDR, 79 of 363 patients (21.8%) had progression of DR during the study.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of adults with T1D, CGM use was associated with lower odds of developing DR and PDR, even after adjusting for HbA1c. These findings suggest that CGM may be useful for diabetes management to mitigate risk for DR and PDR.
Older Adult and Primary Care Practitioner Perspectives on Using, Prescribing, and Deprescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain
Authors: Anderson Timothy S. , Wang Brianna X. , Lindenberg Julia H. , Herzig Shoshana J. , Berens Dylan M. , Schonberg Mara A. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceGuidelines recommend deprescribing opioids in older adults due to risk of adverse effects, yet little is known about patient-clinician opioid deprescribing conversations.ObjectiveTo understand the experiences of older adults and primary care practitioners (PCPs) with using opioids for chronic pain and discussing opioid deprescribing.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study conducted semistructured individual qualitative interviews with 18 PCPs and 29 adults 65 years or older prescribed opioids between September 15, 2022, and April 26, 2023, at a Boston-based academic medical center. The PCPs were asked about their experiences prescribing and deprescribing opioids to older adults. Patients were asked about their experiences using and discussing opioid medications with PCPs.Main Outcome and MeasuresShared and conflicting themes between patients and PCPs regarding perceptions of opioid prescribing and barriers to deprescribing.ResultsIn total, 18 PCPs (12 [67%] younger that 50 years; 10 [56%] female; and 14 [78%] based at an academic practice) and 29 patients (mean [SD] age, 72 [5] years; 19 [66%] female) participated. Participants conveyed that conversations between PCPs and patients on opioid use for chronic pain were typically challenging and that conversations regarding opioid risks and deprescribing were uncommon. Three common themes related to experiences with opioids for chronic pain emerged in both patient and PCP interviews: opioids were used as a last resort, opioids were used to improve function and quality of life, and trust was vital in a clinician-patient relationship. Patients and PCPs expressed conflicting views on risks of opioids, with patients focusing on addiction and PCPs focusing on adverse drug events. Both groups felt deprescribing conversations were often unsuccessful but had conflicting views on barriers to successful conversations. Patients felt deprescribing was often unnecessary unless an adverse event occurred, and many patients had prior negative experiences tapering. The PCPs described gaps in knowledge on how to taper, a lack of clinical access to monitor patients during tapering, and concerns about patient resistance.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this qualitative study, PCPs and older adults receiving long-term opioid therapy viewed the use of opioids as a beneficial last resort for treating chronic pain but expressed dissonant views on the risks associated with opioids, which made deprescribing conversations challenging. Interventions, such as conversation aids, are needed to support collaborative discussion about deprescribing opioids.
Automation in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Samara Vishnu A. , Chan Clarence W. , Kanegusuku Anastasia Gant , Yeo Kiang‐Teck J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Automation in the clinical laboratory is an approach to replace repetitive manual tasks of laboratory testing using sophisticated automated devices.
Total laboratory automation
(
TLA
) involves an integrated system of automation that spans the whole spectrum of a specimen's journey from processing, testing, resulting, and storage with the use of advanced instrumentation combined with computer systems and informatics solutions. TLA will enhance the efficiency of a clinical laboratory by reducing the testing
turn‐around‐time
(
TAT
) and reduction of errors in specimen handling and labeling. The major factors for implementation of a TLA system include increasing the sample throughput capacity while facing a medical technology staff shortage. Despite the heavy financial investment involved, laboratories around the world are moving toward implementing TLA. This article focuses on the clinical laboratory processes, how these processes are controlled by automation systems, current state of automation, the role of middleware/informatics systems, and the advantages, challenges, and the outlook of TLA in a clinical laboratory.
Chiroptical Spectroscopy in Drug Analysis
Authors: Rodger Alison 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Many pharmaceutical compounds contain one or more centers of dissymmetry, thus presenting a unique series of regulatory and compendial requirements. The regulatory authorities are well acquainted with the fact that one given enantiomer or diastereomer of a drug entity may possess more efficacy (or fewer side effects) than its mirror image. Consequently, unless a compelling argument exists for the marketing of a 50:50 racemic mixture, it is more appropriate to develop enantiomerically pure therapeutic agents. Although often characterized using chiral chromatography, these molecules can be effectively studied using the various techniques of chiroptical spectroscopy. Techniques that have been found to be very useful for such work include polarimetry (i.e. circular birefringence),
optical rotatory dispersion
(
ORD
), and
circular dichroism
(
CD
). At present, polarimetry remains the main technique used by regulatory authorities to establish enantiomeric identity and purity; however, more sophisticated chiroptical techniques are increasingly being used especially for biopharmaceuticals. In this article, the principles underlying each chiroptical effect are briefly outlined, and the application to problems of pharmaceutical interest is illustrated through the inclusion of appropriate examples.
Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Hage David S. , Kotlin Natalie R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Affinity chromatography is a type of liquid chromatography that makes use of biological interactions for the separation and specific analysis of sample components. This article discusses the basic principles behind the theory and use of this method. Various factors that are important in the development of an affinity chromatographic system are considered, such as the choice of affinity ligand, support material, immobilization method, and elution conditions. A survey of the different types of affinity chromatography is also presented, including bioaffinity chromatography,
immunoaffinity chromatography
(
IAC
), dye–ligand affinity chromatography,
immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography
(
IMAC
), and analytical affinity chromatography. In addition, some areas of expected future growth are considered, such as the use of molecular imprints or aptamers as ligands in affinity columns and the coupling of affinity chromatography with other analytical techniques.
Three‐in‐One Peptide Prodrug with Targeting, Assembly and Release Properties for Overcoming Bacterium‐Induced Drug Resistance and Potentiating Anti‐Cancer Immune Response
Authors: Gao Ge , Jiang Yao‐Wen , Chen Jiaxuan , Xu Xiaodi , Sun Xianbao , Xu Haidong , Liang Gaolin , Liu Xiaoyang , Zhan Wenjun , Wang Meng , Xu Yixin , Zheng Junnian , Wang Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe presence of bacteria in tumor results in chemotherapeutic drug resistance and weakens the immune response in colorectal cancer. To overcome bacterium‐induced chemotherapeutic drug resistance and potentiate antitumor immunity, herein a novel molecule Biotin‐Lys(SA‐Cip‐OH)‐Lys(SA‐CPT)‐Phe‐Phe‐Nap (Biotin‐Cip‐CPT‐Nap) is rationally designed containing four functional motifs (i.e., a biotin motif for targeting, Phe‐Phe(‐Nap) motif for self‐assembly, ciprofloxacin derivative (Cip‐OH) motif for antibacterial effect, and camptothecin (CPT) motif for chemotherapy). Using the designed molecule, a novel strategy of intracellular enzymatic nanofiber formation and synergistic antibacterium‐enhanced chemotherapy and immunotherapy is achieved. Under endocytosis mediated by highly expressed biotin receptor in colorectal cancer cell membrane and the catalysis of highly expressed carboxylesterase in the cytoplasm, this novel molecule can be transformed into Biotin‐Nap, which self‐assembled into nanofibers. Meanwhile, antibiotic Cip‐OH and chemotherapeutic drug CPT are released, overcoming bacterium‐induced drug resistance and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy towards colorectal cancer. This work offers a feasible strategy for the design of novel multifunctional prodrugs to improve the efficiency of colorectal cancer treatment.
Tuning Surface Potential Polarization to Enhance N2 Affinity for Ammonia Electrosynthesis
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Zhang Chenyang , Liu Boling , Li Wenqing , Jiang Changzhong , Ke Zunjian , He Dong , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) to synthesize ammonia is a sustainable reaction that is expected to replace Haber Bosch process. Laminated Bi2WO6 has great potential as an NRR electrocatalyst, however, the effective activity requires that the inert substrate is fully activated. Here, for the first time, success is achieved in activating the Bi2WO6 basal planes with NRR activity through Ti doping. The introduction of Ti successfully tunes the surface potential distribution and enhances the N2 adsorption. The subsequently strong hybrid coupling of d(Ti)‐p(N) orbitals fills the electronic state of N2 antibonding molecular orbital, which greatly weakens the bonding strength of N≡N bonds. Further, in situ synchrotron radiation‐based Fourier transform infrared (SR‐FTIR) spectrum and theoretical calculations show that surface potential polarization enhances the adsorption of HNN* by Bi‐Ti dual‐metal sites, which is beneficial for the subsequent activation hydrogenation process. The Ti‐Bi2WO6 nanosheets achieve 11.44% Faradaic efficiency (−0.2 V vs. RHE), a NH3 yield rate of 23.14 µg mg−1 h−1 (15N calibration), and satisfactory stability in 0.1 M HCl environment. The mutual assistance of theory and experiment can help understand and develop of excellent two‐dimensional (2D) materials for the NRR.
Optically Transparent Conformal Reflectarray with Multi‐Angle Microwave Efficient Scattering Enhancement
Authors: Fan Chenxi , Zhao Wenbo , Chen Ke , Zhao Junming , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOptically transparent electromagnetic devices play a key role in modern society. Traditional transparent electromagnetic devices face the problems of high return loss, low optical transparency, and dependence on the properties of transparent conductive materials. Due to the limitation of substrate, there are few studies on conformal transparent reflectarray. However, for conformal targets such as aircraft, it is particularly important to fabricate conformal transparent reflectarray. Here, an optically transparent conformal reflectarray with multi‐angle scattering enhancement performance is proposed. ITO square ring and patch are selected to realize wide phase coverage and low return loss of the array is achieved by traversing the initial phase. By partitioning the phase distribution of the reflectarray, the 0° normal incidence efficient backscattering enhancement and the ±45° multi‐angle backscattering enhancement functions of the conformal reflectarray are realized in X‐band. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed prototype. The reflectarray has high reflection efficiency, excellent optical transparency, stable performance, and is easy to manufacture. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to backscattering enhancement of transparent conformal shapes such as aircraft and friendly targets, and then improve the efficiency of target echo detection from multiple angles in complex situations.