bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐fused digital bathymetry and side‐scan sonar as a base for archaeological inventory of submerged landscapes in the Rideau Canal, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sonnenburg Elizabeth P. , Boyce Joseph I. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractColonel By Lake, located near Kingston, Ontario, was created in the early 19th century during the construction of the Rideau Canal waterway. Canal flooding inundated a large area of the Cataraqui River lowlands, submerging important pre‐contact and colonial settlements. In order to gain a better understanding of the pre‐canal environment and its archaeological setting, a systematic bathymetry and side‐scan sonar survey was conducted over a 2‐km2 area of Colonel By Lake. A 2‐D digital bathymetric model (DBM) of the lake bottom was constructed and overlain with side‐scan mosaics to map the paleogeography of the river flood plain. The data‐fused sonar images clearly identify the submerged pre‐canal topography, including the former Cataraqui River channel, relict meanders, tree stump fields, and bedrock uplands defining the valley sides. By comparing the DBM with landscapes depicted in pre‐canal period maps (ca. 1828), the locations of several potential archaeological targets were identified. The DBM provides a basis for mapping submerged cultural resources in the Rideau and for predicting the location of undiscovered archaeological sites. The results show that integration of single‐beam bathymetric mapping with side‐scan imagery is an effective strategy for mapping submerged terrestrial landscapes and archaeological inventory in shallow water settings. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BT‐11 improves stress‐induced memory impairments through increment of glucose utilization and total neural cell adhesion molecule levels in rat brains
Authors: Shin Ki Young , Won Beom Young , Heo Chaejeong , Kim Hee Jin , Jang Dong‐Pyo , Park Cheol Hyoung , Kim Seonghan , Kim Hye‐Sun , Kim Young‐Bo , Lee Hyung Gun , Lee Sang Hyung , Cho Zang‐Hee , Suh Yoo‐Hun 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn Oriental medicine, roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow have been known to be an important herb that exhibits sedative effects in insomnia, palpitation with anxiety, restlessness, and disorientation in humans. We previously reported that BT‐11, extracted from those roots, improved scopolamine‐induced amnesia in rats and inhibited acetylcholinesterase activities in vitro. Therefore, we proposed that BT‐11 could remedy stress‐induced memory deficits in rats. In this study, the stress‐induced memory impairments in rats were significantly reversed almost to the control level by BT‐11 treatment. To seek an active component of BT‐11 that plays an important role in antipsychotic effects, we compared BT‐11 with 3,4,5‐trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA), which is a constituent of those root extracts. However, the effects of TMCA were less or were not consistent with those of BT‐11 in some of tests. In perticular, BT‐11 reversed the stress‐induced reduction of glucose utilization by [18fluorodeoxyglucose]FDG‐PET and the levels of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in rat brains to the control levels, whereas TMCA did not. Therefore, BT‐11 improved stress‐induced memory impairments through increment of glucose utilization and total NCAM levels in rat brains. In conclusion, BT‐11 may be strongly effective against stress‐induced amnesia in rats, through the combined effects of TMCA and other active components of BT‐11. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of nitrogen addition on nitrogen mineralization and nutrient content of expanding Calamagrostis epigejos in the Podyjí National Park, Czech Republic
Authors: Holub Petr , Záhora Jaroslav 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEffects of extra nitrogen (N) input on biomass production, the concentration of N and phosphorus (P) in plant material, and net N mineralization were studied during three growing seasons in a dry acidophilous grassland dominated by Festuca ovina and in a grassland where the tall grass Calamagrostis epigejos was aggressively expanding. In contrast to dry grassland, the Calamagrostis stand utilized more N due to higher plant and microbial demands for soil mineral N, which could prevent the N losses. Additional N supply resulted in the increased net N mineralization mainly in expanding Calamagrostis. There was no effect of N addition on biomass production of Calamagrostis, while a significant increase of total biomass was observed in Festuca in the dry grassland. This higher production was entirely accounted for by the increase in root dry weight. Concentrations of N in the aboveground biomass increased in both Calamagrostis and Festuca dry grassland as a result of N addition. However, P concentrations in Festuca were reduced, while being enhanced in Calamagrostis. The N : P ratio in aboveground biomass significantly increased in both vegetation types studied following N addition, although reaching higher values in dry grassland than in Calamagrostis. This species compensated enhanced N availability with a higher P uptake as compared to Festuca.
Optical probing and imaging of live cells using SERS labels
Authors: Kneipp Janina , Kneipp Harald , Rajadurai Anpuchchelvi , Redmond Robert W. , Kneipp Katrin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDuring surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), molecules exhibit a significant increase in their Raman signals when attached, or in very close vicinity, to gold or silver nanostructures. This effect is exploited as the basis of a new class of optical labels. Here we demonstrate robust and sensitive SERS labels as probes for imaging live cells. These hybrid labels consist of gold nanoparticles with Rose Bengal or Crystal Violet attached as reporter molecules. These new labels are stable and nontoxic, do not suffer from photobleaching, and can be excited at any excitation wavelength, even in the near infrared. SERS labels can be detected and imaged through the specific Raman signatures of the reporters. In addition, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy in the local optical fields of the gold nanoparticles also provides sensitive information on the immediate molecular environment of the label in the cell and allows imaging of the native constituents of the cell. This is demonstrated by images based on a characteristic Raman line of the reporter as well as by displaying lipids based on the SERS signal of the CH deformation/bending modes at ∼1470 cm−1. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High frequency extradural motor cortex stimulation transiently improves axial symptoms in a patient with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Piano Carla , De Simone Celestino , Cioni Beatrice , Di Giuda Daniela , Zinno Massimiliano , Daniele Antonio , Meglio Mario , Giordano Alessandro , Bentivoglio Anna Rita 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn a primate model of Parkinson's disease (PD), the benefit of extradural motor cortex stimulation (EMCS) was associated with high‐frequency stimulation (130 Hz), whereas no significant motor improvement was achieved at 10 Hz or intermediate frequencies of stimulation. We report the case of a 72‐year‐old female patient affected by severe PD who underwent bilateral EMCS. In baseline med‐off condition the patient was unable to arise from a chair and to stand without assistance. Stimulation at 3 and 60 Hz failed to provide any improvement of symptoms, whereas, when stimulating at 130 Hz, axial akinesia and walking improved consistently: the patient, in med‐off condition, was able to arise from chair and to walk without assistance. The patient underwent two brain 99mTc‐ Ethylcysteinate Dimer‐SPECT studies: semiquantitative and Statistical Parametric Mapping revealed that the regional cerebral perfusion was significantly increased in the supplementary motor area during stimulation at 130 Hz. After five months, the benefit of EMCS gradually disappeared. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Cancer and blood concentrations of the comutagen harmane in essential tremor
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Pellegrino Kathryn M. , Factor‐Litvak Pam , Rios Eileen , Jiang Wendy , Henchcliffe Claire , Zheng Wei 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBlood concentrations of harmane, a tremor‐producing neurotoxin, are elevated in essential tremor (ET). Harmane is also a comutagen. Using a case‐control design, we compared the prevalence of cancer in ET cases vs. controls, and determined whether blood harmane concentrations are elevated among ET cases with cancer. 66/267 (24.7%) ET cases vs. 55/331 (16.6%) controls had cancer (adjusted OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01–2.30, P = 0.04). Among specific cancer types, colon cancer was more prevalent in ET cases than controls (2.6% vs. 0.6%, P = 0.04). Log blood harmane concentration was higher in ET cases vs. controls (P = 0.02) and in participants with vs. without cancer (P = 0.02). Log blood harmane concentration was highest in ET cases with cancer when compared with other groups (P = 0.009). These links between cancer and ET and between high blood harmane and cancer in ET deserve further study. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Primary progressive myoclonus of aging
Authors: Alvarez Maria , Caviness John N. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMyoclonus in older individuals usually occurs in the context of associated neurologic features which allow the diagnosis of the underlying disorder. We encountered 7 patients with a newly recognized myoclonus syndrome; we use the term primary progressive myoclonus of aging (PPMA) for this syndrome. Our purpose was to characterize the clinical and electrophysiological properties of this syndrome. Our database was searched for the presence of “myoclonus” in the physical examination. Medical records and laboratory data were retrospectively reviewed, including electrophysiology data. We applied our criteria for PPMA: (1) asymmetric symptomatic action myoclonus, (2) ≥65 years of age, (3) cortical myoclonus physiology, (4) no dementia, (5) no associated features of defined neurodegenerative disorders, and (6) no secondary cause found. Seven patients fulfilled criteria. Age at presentation ranged from 70 to 87 years. Mean duration from myoclonus onset to last follow‐up was 2.9 years. Electrophysiology showed positive‐negative back‐averaged transients, consistent with cortical myoclonus. No patient demonstrated dementia. Brain imaging in all cases was unremarkable. PPMA is a unique syndrome with characteristic findings that differentiate it from dementias and defined neurodegenerative syndromes. It is important to distinguish primary PPMA from other syndromes seen in older individuals to avoid diagnostic confusion. Some cases showed a response to levetiracetam. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Subthalamotomy in cervical dystonia: A case study of lesion location and clinical outcome
Authors: Moll Christian K.E. , Hamel Wolfgang , Ostertag Christoph B. , Müller Dieter , Finsterbusch Jürgen , Engel Andreas K. , Münchau Alexander 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHere we report a 63‐year‐old woman with primary cervical dystonia (CD) whose symptoms subsided for more than 30 years following a unilateral stereotactic subthalamotomy contralateral to the overactive left sternocleidomastoid muscle but then gradually recurred over a period of several months. The aim of the present study was to correlate the topography of the stereotactic lesion with the long lasting therapeutic effect. High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent stereotactic analysis were performed to determine the anatomical localization of the lesion. The primary coagulation focus comprised the posterior subthalamic white matter in the prelemniscal radiation and field H of Forel. Neighboring structures were implicated to various extents. It is suggested that the posterior subthalamic area, with its abundance of interconnecting fibers and related nuclei, represents an effective target for the neurosurgical treatment of CD that may be explored further with deep brain stimulation. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Manifestations of Parkinson disease differ in association with REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Postuma Ronald B. , Gagnon Jean‐Francois , Vendette Melanie , Charland Katia , Montplaisir Jacques 
Published: August 2008

AbstractREM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is commonly associated with Parkinson disease (PD), but it is unclear whether this association has implications for disease manifestations. We evaluated 36 PD patients for the presence of RBD by polysomnography. Patients underwent an extensive evaluation by a movement disorders specialist blinded to polysomnography results. Severity of motor manifestations, autonomic, visual, psychiatric, and olfactory dysfunctions and quality of life (QOL) were assessed, and compared using regression analysis that adjusted for disease duration, age and sex. Severity of motor manifestations did not differ between groups. However, the presence of RBD in PD was strongly associated with symptoms and signs of orthostatic hypotension (systolic blood pressure lying to standing = −25.7 ± 13.0 mmHg vs. −4.9 ±14.1, P < 0.001); and orthostatic symptom prevalence = 71% vs. 27%, P = 0.0076). There was no association between RBD and other autonomic symptoms. Color vision was worse in patients with RBD, but olfactory dysfunction did not differ between groups. The prevalence of depression, hallucinations, paranoia, and impulse disorders did not differ between groups. Emotional functioning and general health QOL measures were lower in those with RBD, but there were no differences between groups on disease‐specific indices or on measures of overall physical QOL. These findings suggest that the pathophysiology of RBD and nonmotor manifestations of PD, particularly autonomic dysfunction, are linked. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Intact presupplementary motor area function in early, untreated Parkinson's disease
Authors: Martin W. R. Wayne , Wieler Marguerite , Gee Myrlene , Hanstock Christopher C. , Camicioli Richard M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAlthough motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are initially responsive to dopamine replacement therapy, nonresponsive features develop over time, suggesting that impaired dopaminergic function alone may not be wholly responsible for all the motor features of the disease. Previous studies suggest impaired function in the presupplementary motor area (pre‐SMA) in PD. Our objective was to determine whether pre‐SMA abnormalities are present in untreated patients with early disease. We measured N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho)/Cr ratios in pre‐SMA in 26 untreated patients with early PD (disease duration 3.0 ± 2.0 yr) and 15 control subjects with single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neither NAA/Cr nor Cho/Cr ratios differed significantly between groups. These observations suggest that, although pre‐SMA function is impaired in moderately advanced PD, it is relatively spared in early disease. We suggest that pre‐SMA dysfunction is in part responsible for the dopamine nonresponsive features associated with disease progression. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Burden, perceived health status, and mood among caregivers of Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Arroyo Susana , Rojo‐Abuin Jose Manuel , Rodriguez‐Blazquez Carmen , Frades Belen , de Pedro Cuesta Jesus 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of the caregivers of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to analyze the association between these characteristics and caregiver burden, perceived health and mood status, and identify their predictors. A multicenter, nationwide, observational, cross‐sectional study that included 289 patient–caregiver pairs was conducted. Caregiver self‐assessments were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQol (EQ), and Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory (ZCBI). Most caregivers in the study were women aged 60 years or thereabouts. Over two thirds were gainfully employed or housewives, 75% were patients' spouses, and the majority (96.5%) had been permanently taking care of the patient for 6 ± 5.4 years. Less than 5% of patients were in the most advanced stages of disease, and direct costs were 6,350 euros per patient per year. Caregivers had more mood disorders and worse health‐related quality of life (HRQol; EQ‐Tariff) than did the general population. Caregiver HADS and EuroQol scores displayed a weak correlation (rS = 0.01–0.28) with patient‐related variables (disease duration, HY, SCOPA‐Motor, SCOPA‐AUT, HADS, PPRS, and CISI‐PD) whereas the ZCBI correlated moderately (rS = 0.27–0.47). Among caregivers, the EQ‐Tariff was significantly lower and the HADS‐Anxiety scores significantly higher for women. ZCBI and HADS‐depression, though not EuroQol and HADS‐anxiety, scores significantly increased with increasing PD severity levels. Caregivers' affective status proved the most important factor influencing their burden and perceived health, whereas patient‐related variables influenced caregiver burden and mood but not health status. In PD, prevalence of affective disorders among patients' caregivers is high and influences both burden and HRQoL. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
SCOPA‐sleep and PDSS: Two scales for assessment of sleep disorder in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Visser Martine , Rodriguez‐Blazquez Carmen , Marinus Johan , Chaudhuri K. Ray , van Hilten Jacobus J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study evaluated the comparative validity and usefulness of the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) and the Scales for Outcomes in PD‐Sleep Scale (SCOPA‐S), two disease‐specific rating scales for assessing sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD). Hoehn and Yahr staging (HY), SCOPA‐Motor, Mini‐Mental State Examination, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, EuroQoL, and SCOPA‐Psychosocial, in addition to PDSS and SCOPA‐S (night‐time sleep (NS) and daytime sleepiness (DS) subscales), were applied to 187 consecutive PD patients. PDSS and SCOPA‐S proved similar in acceptability, scaling assumptions, precision, and internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.82–0.84). Factor analysis revealed five separate factors for PDSS (67% of the variance) and one factor for each SCOPA‐S subscale (60% of the variance for NS and 57% for DS). Correlation coefficient between PDSS and SCOPA‐S NS was −0.60. Sleep scales correlated moderately with mood, low‐to‐moderate with HRQoL, and low with the rest of measures. PDSS and SCOPA‐S DS discriminated between patients grouped by HY severity levels and disease duration. Cutoff points of 82/83 for PDSS and 6/7 for SCOPA‐S NS were drawn to identify PD patients with sleep problems. Depression/anxiety scores explained 26% for PDSS and 22% for SCOPA‐S NS scores. Both scales provide valid, reliable, and useful means to evaluate sleep disorders in PD. PDSS may be used to obtain a profile about potential causes of “bad sleep,” but is barely useful to assess DS, whereas SCOPA‐S assesses nocturnal sleep disorders and daytime somnolence at a similar extent, without exploring the potential causes. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Do dyskinesia and pain share common pathophysiological mechanisms in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Lim Shen‐Yang , Farrell Michael J. , Gibson Stephen J. , Helme Robert D. , Lang Anthony E. , Evans Andrew H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPlastic changes within the striatum resulting from pulsatile dopaminergic stimulation are thought to lead to dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The basal ganglia play a role in processing pain. We hypothesized that the plastic changes that lead to dyskinesia may also mediate pain responses. Our objective was to compare the change in pain sensitivity after levodopa administration between stable responders, fluctuators without dyskinesia, and dyskinetic patients, and to compare pain sensitivity between PD and healthy subjects. Fifty patients with PD were assessed with cold water immersion after overnight withdrawal of dopaminergic medications and again after a standard levodopa challenge, and carefully classified into stable responder (n = 12), fluctuator (n = 15), and dyskinetic (n = 23) groups. Twenty age‐matched controls were also tested. PD patients “off”‐medication had a lower threshold (P = 0.016) and tolerance (P < 0.0001) to cold pain compared to controls. After levodopa administration, dyskinetic patients experienced a large increase in cold pain threshold (48%) and tolerance (66%) that was absent in stable responders (P = 0.038 and P = 0.015); there was no significant difference in pain sensitivity change scores between the fluctuator and either the stable responder or dyskinetic groups. Our results suggest that dyskinesia and pain may share common pathophysiological mechanisms in PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Apathy and anhedonia rating scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Authors: Leentjens Albert F.G. , Dujardin Kathy , Marsh Laura , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Richard Irene H. , Starkstein Sergio E. , Weintraub Daniel , Sampaio Cristina , Poewe Werner , Rascol Oliver , Stebbins Glenn T. , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractApathy is a common condition in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is generally defined as a lack of motivation. It is associated with more severe cognitive dysfunction and a decrease in activities of daily living (ADL) performance. Anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure, can be a symptom of both depressive and apathetic syndromes. The Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned a task force to assess the clinimetric properties of apathy and anhedonia scales in PD patients. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify scales that have either been validated or used in PD patients. Apathy scales identified for review include the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), the Apathy Scale (AS), the Apathy Inventory (AI), and the Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS). In addition, item 4 (motivation/initiative) of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and item 7 (apathy) of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were included. Anhedonia scales identified for review were the Snaith‐Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) and the Chapman scales for physical and social anhedonia. Only the AS is classified as “recommended” to assess apathy in PD. Although item 4 of the UPDRS also meets the criteria to be classified as recommended, it should be considered for screening only because of the obvious limitations of a single item construct. For the assessment of anhedonia, only the SHAPS meets the criteria of “Suggested.” Information on the validity of apathy and anhedonia scales is limited because of the lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria for these conditions. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society