bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enyne Ring‐Closing Metathesis on Heteroaromatic Cations.
Authors: Nunez Ana , Cuadro Ana M. , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Vaquero Juan J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Physanolide A, a Novel Skeleton Steroid, and Other Cytotoxic Principles from Physalis angulata.
Authors: Wu Tian‐Shung , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photochemistry of Desonide, a Non‐Fluorinated Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drug.
Authors: Iqbal Jawaid , Husain Adil , Gupta Anamika 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Azadideoxyadenosine: Synthesis, Enzymology, and anti‐HIV Activity.
Authors: Nishonov Abdumalik A. , Ma Xiaohui , Nair Vasu 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Approaches to Designing Selective Oxidation Catalysts: Au/C a Versatile Catalyst.
Authors: Hutchings Graham J. , Carrettin Silvio , Landon Philip , Edwards Jennifer K. , Enache Dan , Knight David W. , Xu Yi‐Jin , Carley Albert F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Investigations of the Magnetic Properties and Structures of the Pillared Perovskites, La5Re3MO16 (M: Co, Ni)
Authors: Cuthbert Heather L. , Greedan John E. , Cranswick Lachlan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Binding and Structural Aspects of Nitrile‐ and Amino‐Functionalized Pendant Arm Derivatives of 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane (|9|aneN3)
Authors: Schroder Martin , Lippolis Vito 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A test suite for parallel performance analysis tools
Authors: Gerndt Michael , Mohr Bernd , Träff Jesper Larsson 
Published: October 2006

AbstractParallel performance analysis tools must be tested as to whether they perform their task correctly, which comprises at least three aspects. First, it must be ensured that the tools neither alter the semantics nor distort the run‐time behavior of the application under investigation. Next, it must be verified that the tools collect the correct performance data as required by their specification. Finally, it must be checked that the tools perform their intended tasks and detect relevant performance problems. Focusing on the latter (correctness) aspect, testing can be done using synthetic test functions with controllable performance properties, possibly complemented by real‐world applications with known performance behavior. A systematic test suite can be built from synthetic test functions and other components, possibly with the help of tools to assist the user in putting the pieces together into executable test programs. Clearly, such a test suite can be highly useful to builders of performance analysis tools. It is surprising that, up until now, no systematic effort has been undertaken to provide such a suite. In this paper we describe the APART Test Suite (ATS) for checking the correctness (in the above sense) of parallel performance analysis tools. In particular, we describe a collection of synthetic test functions which allows one to easily construct both simple and more complex test programs with desired performance properties. We briefly report on experience with MPI and OpenMP performance tools when applied to the test cases generated by ATS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cluster systems and simulation: from benchmarking to off‐line performance prediction
Authors: Di Martino Beniamino , Mancini Emilio , Rak Massimiliano , Torella Roberto , Villano Umberto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a simulation‐based technique for the performance prediction of message‐passing applications on cluster systems by means of benchmark data. Given data measuring the performance of a target cluster in the form of standard benchmark results, along with the details of the chosen computing configuration, it is possible to build and to validate automatically a detailed simulation model. This makes it possible to predict off‐line, i.e. without resorting to the real hardware, the performance of fully developed or even of skeletal code. An XML‐based language (MetaPL) is adopted to describe the application behavior in the development stage. After a description of the approach and the illustration of the construction and validation of the simulation model, the paper presents a case study. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and implementation of a scalable switch architecture for efficient high‐speed data multicasting
Authors: Li Cheng , Venkatesan R. , Heys Howard M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the design and implementation of a new scalable cell‐based multicast switch fabric for broadband communications. Using distributed control and modular design, the multicast balanced gamma switch features a scalable, high performance architecture for unicast, multicast and combined traffic under both uniform and non‐uniform traffic conditions. The important design characteristic of the switch is that a distributed cell replication function for multicast cells is integrated into the functionality of the switch element with the self‐routing and contention resolution functions. Thus, no dedicated copy network is required. In the paper, we discuss in detail the design issues associated with the multicast functionality of the switch using 0.18 µm CMOS technology and discuss the scalability of the switch in terms of architectural, implementation, and performance scalability. Synthesized results are provided for measures of circuit complexity and timing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A scalable multicast routing protocol for building shortest path trees
Authors: Zhang Baoxian , Zheng Jun , T. Mouftah Hussein 
Published: October 2006

AbstractScalability is a great concern in the design of multicast routing protocols for the global Internet. Building shortest path trees (SPT) is currently one of the most widely used approaches to supporting multicast routing because of the simplicity and low per‐destination cost of such trees. However, the construction of an SPT typically involves high protocol overhead, which leads to the scalability problem as the number of concurrent multicast sessions increases.In this paper, we present a destination‐initiated shortest path tree (DSPT) routing protocol. The design objective is to effectively reduce the protocol overhead associated with SPT constructions for providing scalable multicast. To achieve this objective, we introduce destination‐initiated joining operations in constructing SPTs. With DSPT, each router receiving a request to join a specific multicast group makes a local decision on selecting its parent node through which it connects to the existing tree. A source‐rooted SPT is built as a result of such collaborative operations at nodes. DSPT requires only limited routing information at routers. Analytical results demonstrate that DSPT scales well with respect to computation, storage and communication overhead when the number of concurrent multicast requests is large. Simulation experiments are also conducted to verify the correctness of the theoretically deduced analytical results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blind equalization of multilevel turbo coded‐continuous phase frequency shift keying over MIMO channels
Authors: Osman Onur 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper, multilevel turbo coded‐continuous phase frequency shift keying (MLTC‐CPFSK) is introduced and its bit error performance in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) fading channels are investigated considering a blind maximum likelihood channel estimation. Multilevel turbo coded signals with continuous phase modulation (CPM) provides low spectral occupancy and is suitable for power and bandwidth‐limited channels. Besides, antenna diversity is one of the best method to combat with multipath fading effects. The performance of 2LTC for 4‐ary CPFSK over AWGN, Rician (for Rician channel parameterK=10 dB) and Rayleigh channels are given for 1Tx–1Rx, 2Tx–1Rx and 2Tx–2Rx antenna configurations. Channel capacities of 2LTC‐4CPFSK signals are obtained as −5.26, −7.65 and −7.14 dB for 1Tx–1Rx, 2Tx–1Rx and 2Tx–2Rx antenna configurations, respectively. Baum–Welch (BW) algorithm is used to estimate the channel parameters. Bit error probabilities of 2 level turbo coded 4 CPFSK (2LTC‐4CPFSK) are drawn in the cases of no channel state information (CSI), BW estimation, and perfect CSI. Approximately 0.1 and 0.75 dB gains inEs/N0are obtained using BW channel estimator for Rician and Rayleigh channels, respectively. Therefore, MLTC‐CPFSK with BW channel estimator has excellent performance in MIMO fading channels. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface and Structural Features of Co‐Fe Oxide Nanoparticles Deposited on a Silica Substrate
Authors: de la Peña O’Shea Víctor A. , Álvarez‐Galván M. Consuelo , Campos‐Martin José M. , Menéndez Nieves N. , Tornero Jesús D. , Fierro José L. G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMono‐ and dimetallic cobalt‐ and iron oxide nanoparticles deposited on the surface of a silica substrate have been prepared by an impregnation technique. Both the bulk and surface structures of these particles have been characterised by different physical and chemical techniques. The results provided by X‐ray diffraction, Mössbauer and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy show the formation of separate Co3O4 and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in oxide samples, but in no case were cobalt–iron mixed oxides detected. Quantitative data also showed that the dispersion degree of cobalt‐ and iron oxides is rather low. It was also observed that pretreatment of the supported metal oxide nanoparticles under a hydrogen atmosphere does not promote the formation of a metal–support interaction, although a cobalt–iron interaction is observed in the dimetallic systems. The diffraction patterns and photoelectron and Mössbauer spectra of these dimetallic samples provide conclusive proof for the formation of both metallic Co0 and iron‐cobalt (Co7Fe3) alloy phases in the hydrogen‐reduced samples. It was also found that the crystallite size of the alloyed Co7Fe3 phase increases with increasing iron content, i.e. 11 and 23 nm for samples containing 1 % and 5 % Fe added to the base Co sample, respectively, while that of Co0 was constant (10 nm). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Facile Synthesis of Carbamoylsilanes, ‐boranes and ‐phosphane Oxides – Isolation of the First Uncomplexed Carbamoylborane
Authors: Canac Yves , Aniol Greg E. , Conejero Salvador , Donnadieu Bruno , Bertrand Guy 
Published: October 2006

AbstractC‐(Trimethylsilyloxy)‐, C‐(triisopropylsilyloxy)‐, C‐(diphenylboryloxy), C‐[bis(diisopropylamino)boryloxy]‐ and C‐(di‐tert‐butylphosphoryloxy)‐N,N‐diisopropylaldiminium salts are readily prepared in good to excellent yields from either diisopropylformamide or (chloromethylene)diisopropylammonium chloride. Deprotonation of these aldiminium salts leads to transient (amino)(oxy)carbenes, which cleanly rearrange to carbamoyl derivatives. This synthetic methodology gives access to sterically hindered carbamoylsilanes, ‐boranes and phosphane oxides that are hardly accessible by other routes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Implementing tandem mass spectrometry as a routine tool for characterizing the complete purine and pyrimidine metabolic profile in urine samples
Authors: la Marca Giancarlo , Casetta Bruno , Malvagia Sabrina , Pasquini Elisabetta , Innocenti Marzia , Donati Maria Alice , Zammarchi Enrico 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurines and pyrimidines are the basic constituents of DNA and RNA and constitute the basis of at least 50 other important compounds that serve equally vital but separate roles as integral components of intracellular mononucleotide pools. They maintain the supply of these basic components to the different nucleotide pools through an extremely efficient mechanism involving the degradation and recycling of the daily waste products of normal cell turnover.We have developed an LC‐MS/MS diagnostic and routine monitoring method for known defects due to both purine and pyrimidine metabolism in a single analysis.Precision tests were made by spiking several urine samples with different creatinine concentrations. For nonspiked low‐creatinine urine, intraday precision was in the range of 0.1–9.8% and interday precision was between 1.6 and 14.1%. For nonspiked high‐creatinine urine, intraday precision was in the range 0.5–17.2% and interday precision was between 1.5 and 29%. Limit‐of‐detection (LOD) was in the range 0.1–10 µmol/l and limit‐of‐quantification (LOQ) in the range of 0.2–15 µmol/l.The current ‘dilute and shoot’ approach monitors many metabolites, and utilizes a reverse phase chromatographic analysis with a detection requiring 17 min of analysis time. Tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution technique enable the accurate quantitation of more than 30 metabolites in one analysis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast reconstruction with alloplastic implants
Authors: Agha‐Mohammadi Siamak , De La Cruz Carolyn , Hurwitz Dennis J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article reviews immediate and delayed breast reconstruction with prosthetic implants, and the effect of irradiation therapy. Despite widespread use of breast conserving surgery for early breast cancer, many breast cancer patients still undergo mastectomy. Some of these patients choose breast reconstruction. Over the last 30 years, techniques for breast reconstruction have evolved significantly with new alternative techniques and improved surgical devises. Immediate or delayed breast reconstruction with silicone prosthesis can be an excellent option. Implant reconstruction may be single or two stage procedures. Traditionally, small breasts with minimal ptosis are suited for single‐stage reconstruction. Large breasts or inadequate skin require expanders followed by implants. Minimal excision mastectomy and biological spacers are allowing larger breast single stage reconstruction and improved aesthetics for two stage procedures. With recent studies suggesting survival advantage of post‐mastectomy irradiation, many candidates for breast reconstruction are receiving radiotherapy, which complicates healing after breast reconstruction. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:471–478. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric HIV
Authors: Willen Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCognitive impairment has long been associated with the natural history of HIV among vertically infected children. In children, HIV may have a direct or indirect impact on the developing brain, may lead to global or highly specific consequences, and may be responsible for minor cognitive consequences or, conversely, long‐term and severe disability. This differential impact is related to multiple factors that influence the individual expression of the virus in any given child. This review provides an overview of the relevant literature on neurocognitive outcomes for infants, children, and youth vertically infected with HIV, with attention to those factors impacting neurocognitive outcome within a developmental framework. Research findings in both the era preceding and following the introduction of combined therapies are reviewed, since many of the issues identified prior to state‐of‐the‐art treatment currently available in the United States and other developed countries still apply in much of the developing world. Intervention issues and directions for future research are also discussed. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:223–228. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Delayed neurotoxicity associated with therapy for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Cole Peter D. , Kamen Barton A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMost children diagnosed today with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) will be cured. However, treatment entails risk of neurotoxicity, causing deficits in neurocognitive function that can persist in the years after treatment is completed. Many of the components of leukemia therapy can contribute to adverse neurologic sequelae, including craniospinal irradiation, nucleoside analogs, corticosteroids, and antifolates. In this review, we describe the characteristic radiographic findings and neurocognitivie deficits seen among survivors of childhood ALL. We summarize what is known about the pathophysiology of delayed treatment‐related neurotoxicity, with a focus on the toxicity resulting from pharmacologic disruption of folate physiology within the central nervous system. Finally, we suggest testable strategies to ameliorate the symptoms of treatment‐related neurotoxicity or decrease its incidence. MRDD Research Reviews 2006;12:174–183. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aggregation behavior of MPEG‐PCL diblock copolymers in aqueous solutions and morphologies of the aggregates
Authors: Lu Chengfei , Guo Shengrong , Liu Li , Zhang Yaqiong , Li Zonghai , Gu Jianren 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐polycaprolactone (MPEG‐PCL) diblock copolymers were synthesized via a ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐CL monomers with MPEG as an initiator. Their solubilities and apparent critical micelle concentrations (CMC) in aqueous solution were investigated as well as the determination of the micellar hydrodynamic diameter using dynamic light scattering (DLS). As PCL block length increased, the solubility and CMC decreased while diameters of micelles increased. The gel–sol transition behaviors were investigated using a vial tilting method. Aqueous solutions of copolymers undergo a gel to sol transition with increase in temperature when their polymer concentrations are above a critical gel concentration (CGC). The CGC of the copolymers and gel–sol transition temperature are influenced by the PCL chain length. The tapping mode AFM was performed by imaging the freeze‐dried deposits from the copolymer solutions on mica to investigate a process from free chains to micelles and to gel. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3406–3417, 2006
Net transition probabilities: an approach to subnational level projections of households and housing demand based on census data
Authors: McDonald Peter , Kippen Rebecca , Temple Jeromey 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors set out to make medium‐term projections of housing demand for subnational regions of Australia. Projections of the numbers of households by household type and age of a household reference person were required. The only possible source of input data at a subnational level was the quinquennial censuses. An innovative approach was developed specifically for the purpose of these projections. This involved the use of ‘net transition probabilities’ estimated from net changes in household classification types for individuals between censuses in the past, which are then projected into the future.The results of the projection for the period 1996–2001 were evaluated against 2001 Census results. Net transition probabilities were found to be robust, in that their age and sex specific profiles were very similar from one intercensal period to the next. The evaluation concluded that the model used is both practical and highly effective. Overall, the authors found that the projections have a high degree of reliability and produce very useful information concerning the future demand for housing at a regional level. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gendering migration and remittances: evidence from London and northern Albania
Authors: King Russell , Dalipaj Mirela , Mai Nicola 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWithin the broad and interlinked fields of gender, migration and development, the gendering of remittances has received very little attention. Yet remittances and their use lie at the heart of the migration–development nexus. This paper develops a gender analysis of Albanian migration to the United Kingdom and its impact on source areas, which are mainly in northern Albania. Based on interviews with 26 Albanian migrants in the London area and with 46 migrant households in northern Albania and in the Tirana area (where many northern households have recently internally migrated), the paper traces gender dynamics in migration and in decisions about the sending, receipt and deployment of remittances, and their potential for poverty alleviation and development in Albania. Despite the potentially ‘modernising’ effects of migration and remittances, ‘traditional’ Albanian gender roles are generally maintained throughout the migration cycle, with only tokenistic changes. Intra‐household modifications of the patriarchal power structures of Albanian families through migration and the deployment of remittances are more likely to be generational – father to sons – rather than gender‐related. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliable user‐level rollback recovery implementation for multithreaded processes on windows
Authors: Yang Jin‐Min , Zhang Da‐Fang , Yang Xue‐Dong , Li Wen‐Wei 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe existing user‐level checkpointing schemes support only a limited portion of multithreaded programs because they are derived from the schemes for single‐threaded applications. This paper addresses the impact of thread suspension point on rollback recovery, and presents a checkpointing scheme for multithreaded processes. Unlike the existing schemes in which the checkpointer suspends every working thread, our scheme employs a distinctive strategy that every working thread suspends itself. This technique manages to avoid the suspension point in the API code or kernel code, ensuring correct rollback recovery. Our scheme supports inter‐thread synchronization and thread lifetime. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonographic appearance of cervical pregnancy following successful treatment with methotrexate
Authors: Api O. , Unal O. , Api M. , Ergin B. , Alkan N. , Kars B. , Turan C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe report a case of cervical ectopic pregnancy successfully treated with systemic methotrexate. Conservative management with single‐dose methotrexate was undertaken, but owing to the failure of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels to fall by 15% by day 7 and the persistence of fetal cardiac activity, two further doses of methotrexate were required. The patient's hCG levels were monitored, and repeat transvaginal ultrasonography was performed until complete resolution of the pregnancy by spontaneous miscarriage. We describe the ultrasonographic findings, which showed that the sac size increased despite treatment. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.