bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonenzymatic browning of selected fruit juices affected by D‐galacturonic acid
Authors: Ibarz Albert , Garza Salvador , Pagán Jordi 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThis work studies the effect of d‐galacturonic acid (AGA) on the non‐enzymatic browning of three types of clarified concentrated fruit juices (apple, pear and peach). It was observed that the presence of AGA increases the browning of juices. This was evaluated by the evolution of the absorbance at 420 nm (A420) with the treatment time that these juices show. The evolution at A420 over time was fitted to first‐order kinetics and it was observed that the kinetic constant values increased with both the increase in the AGA content and the rise in the treatment. The effect of the temperature treatment on the non‐enzymatic browning of these juices was quantified by fitting the variation of the kinetic constants with the Arrehnius equation, thus obtaining the corresponding activation energies. In the case of apple juice, it was observed that for the increase in AGA content the activation energy increases considerably, while for the pear and peach juices, a slight increase of the activation energy was observed with the increase in AGA.
Characteristics of pigment composition and colour value by the difference of harvesting times in Korean red pepper varieties (Capsicum annuum, L.)
Authors: Kim Suna , Youl Ha Tae , Park Jaebok 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe main pigments of Capsicum annuum cv. Hanbando and Dabotop in dried red fruits were capsanthin, zeaxanthin, beta‐cryptoxanthin and beta‐carotene. Total carotenoid contents were twice as high at the fourth harvest compared with the second harvest in both varieties. The ratios of capsanthin to yellow fraction were above 1.0 in Hanbando and below 1.0 in Dabotop. Zeaxanthin content at the third harvest was about three times higher than at the second harvest in Dabotop. ASTA colour values harvested in the second, third and fourth weeks were 114, 152 and 178 in Hanbando and 115, 137 and 140 in Dabotop. Hue value of Hanbando was below 1.0 at all harvests and that of Dabotop was above 1.0 at the second and fourth harvests. The comparison of the C* values of two varieties revealed that Hanbando had the most vivid redness at the fourth harvest, whereas Dabotop was most vivid at the second harvest.
Statistical modelling of the geometry of planar sections of prostatic capillaries on the basis of stationary Strauss hard‐core processes
Authors: MATTFELDT TORSTEN , ECKEL STEFANIE , FLEISCHER FRANK , SCHMIDT VOLKER 
Published: December 2007

SummaryIn a recent study, the capillarization of normal prostatic tissue and prostatic carcinoma tissue was characterized by means of explorative methods of spatial statistics. In the present paper, an attempt was made to go beyond the explorative approach and to characterize the observed point patterns of the capillary profiles on sections by means of a parametric model. For this purpose, the flexible class of Gibbs processes was considered. Specifically, stationary Strauss hard‐core processes were fitted to the observed point patterns. The goodness of fit achieved by the model was checked by simulations with the Markov chain Monte Carlo method using the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Model fitting and simulations were performed with the help of thespatstatpackage under R. The observed point patterns were in some cases compatible with realizations of stationary Strauss hard‐core processes for all ranges of spatial interaction. However, deviations from the model were found for one or more domains of ranges in other cases. In the tumour tissue, a highly significant decrease of the interaction parameter of the Strauss hard‐core process could be found as compared to the normal prostatic tissue. This finding is discussed in terms of a loss of the normal lobular architecture of the glands in the tumour tissue.
Analytic solutions to modelling exponential and harmonic functions using Chebyshev polynomials: fitting frequency‐domain lifetime images with photobleaching
Authors: MALACHOWSKI GEORGE C. , CLEGG ROBERT M. , REDFORD GLEN I. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA novel approach is introduced for modelling linear dynamic systems composed of exponentials and harmonics. The method improves the speed of current numerical techniques up to 1000‐fold for problems that have solutions of multiple exponentials plus harmonics and decaying components. Such signals are common in fluorescence microscopy experiments. Selective constraints of the parameters being fitted are allowed. This method, using discrete Chebyshev transforms, will correctly fit large volumes of data using a noniterative, single‐pass routine that is fast enough to analyse images in real time. The method is applied to fluorescence lifetime imaging data in the frequency domain with varying degrees of photobleaching over the time of total data acquisition. The accuracy of the Chebyshev method is compared to a simple rapid discrete Fourier transform (equivalent to least‐squares fitting) that does not take the photobleaching into account. The method can be extended to other linear systems composed of different functions. Simulations are performed and applications are described showing the utility of the method, in particular in the area of fluorescence microscopy.
The Large‐Scale Digital Cell Analysis System: an open system for nonperturbing live cell imaging
Authors: DAVIS PAUL J. , KOSMACEK ELIZABETH A. , SUN YUANSHENG , IANZINI FIORENZA , MACKEY MICHAEL A. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe Large‐Scale Digital Cell Analysis System (LSDCAS) was designed to provide a highly extensible open source live cell imaging system. Analysis of cell growth data has demonstrated a lack of perturbation in cells imaged using LSDCAS, through reference to cell growth data from cells growing in CO2incubators. LSDCAS consists of data acquisition, data management and data analysis software, and is currently a Core research facility at the Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Iowa. Using LSDCAS analysis software, this report and others show that although phase‐contrast imaging has no apparent effect on cell growth kinetics and viability, fluorescent image acquisition in the cell lines tested caused a measurable level of growth perturbation using LSDCAS. This report describes the current design of the system, reasons for the implemented design, and details its basic functionality. The LSDCAS software runs on the GNU/Linux operating system, and provides easy to use, graphical programs for data acquisition and quantitative analysis of cells imaged with phase‐contrast or fluorescence microscopy (alone or in combination), and complete source code is freely available under the terms of the GNU Public Software License at the project website (http://lsdcas.engineering.uiowa.edu).
Can scanning near‐field optical microscopy be compared with confocal laser scanning microscopy? A preliminary study on α‐sarcoglycan and β1D‐integrin in human skeletal muscle
Authors: ANASTASI G. , CUTRONEO G. , PISANI A. , BRUSCHETTA D. , MILARDI D. , PRINCI P. , GUCCIARDI P.G. , BRAMANTI P. , SOSCIA L. , FAVALORO A. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe dystrophin–glycoprotein complex and the vinculin–talin–integrin system constitute, together a protein machinery, called costameres. The dystrophin–glycoprotein complex contains, among other proteins, also dystrophin and the sarcoglycans subcomplex, proteins playing a key role in the pathogenesis of many muscular dystrophies and linking the cytoplasmic myofibrillar contractile elements to the signal transducing molecules of the extracellular matrix, also providing structural support to the sarcolemma. The vinculin–talin–integrin system connects some components of the extracellular matrix with intermediate filaments of desmin, forming transverse bridges between Z and M lines. In our previous reports we always studied these systems by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In this paper we report on the first applications of optical near‐field fluorescence microscopy to the spatial localization of α‐sarcoglycan and β1D‐integrin in human skeletal muscle fibres in order to better compare and test the images obtained with conventional CLSM and with scanning near‐field optical microscopy (SNOM). In addition, the analysis of the surface morphology, and the comparison with the fluorescence map is put forward and analyzed for the first time on human muscle fibres. In aperture‐SNOM the sample is excited through the nanometre‐scale aperture produced at the apex of an optical fibre after tapering and subsequent metal coating. The acquisition of the topography map, simultaneously to the optical signal, by SNOM, permits to exactly overlap the fluorescence images obtained from the two consecutive scans needed for the double localization. Besides, the differences between the topography and the optical spatial patterns permit to assess the absence of artefacts in the fluorescence maps. Although the SNOM represented a good method of analysis, this technique remains a complementary method to the CLSM and it can be accepted in order to confirm the hypothesis advanced by CLSM.
In situ fluorescence microscopy of bacteriophage aggregates
Authors: SERWER PHILIP , HAYES SHIRLEY J. , LIEMAN KAREN , GRIESS GARY A. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryVirus aggregation is analyzed because of its potential use for both classifying viruses and understanding virus ecology and evolution. Virus aggregation is, however, problematic because aggregation causes loss of virions during processing for microscopy of any type. Thus, here we detect virus aggregation by fluorescence microscopy of wet‐mounted dissections of dilute gel‐supported plaques (in situ fluorescence microscopy) of a test virus, the long‐tail aggregating Bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophage, 0305φ8–36. Background fluorescence is reduced to nonproblematic levels by using the dye, DAPI (4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole), to stain viral nucleic acid. In situ fluorescence microscopy reveals two in situ phases, one weakly fluorescent. Most bacteriophages partition to the weakly fluorescent phase. Aggregates of bacteriophage 0305φ8–36 are detected during fluorescence microscopy via the following. (1) Coordinated motion is found for visibly separate particles in solution; the motion is either thermally generated, fluid drift‐induced or mechanical pressure‐induced. (2) Aggregate dissociation is observed. Some of the larger aggregates are elastic and entangled with material of the weakly fluorescent phase. The larger aggregates sometimes sink at 1‐g within specimens. In situ fluorescence microscopy rapidly distinguishes 0305φ8–36 from nonaggregating bacteriophages.
Software image alignment for X‐ray microtomography with submicrometre resolution using a SEM‐based X‐ray microscope
Authors: MAYO S. , MILLER P. , GAO D. , SHEFFIELD‐PARKER J. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryImproved X‐ray sources and optics now enable X‐ray imaging resolution down to ∼50 nm for laboratory‐based X‐ray microscopy systems. This offers the potential for submicrometre resolution in tomography; however, achieving this resolution presents challenges due to system stability. We describe the use of software methods to enable submicrometre resolution of approximately 560 nm. This is a very high resolution for a modest laboratory‐based point‐projection X‐ray tomography system. The hardware is based on a scanning electron microscope, and benefits from inline X‐ray phase contrast to improve visibility of fine features. Improving the resolution achievable with the system enables it to be used to address a greater range of samples.
Automated electron tomography with scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: FENG JIANGLIN , SOMLYO ANDREW P. , SOMLYO AVRIL V. , SHAO ZHIFENG 
Published: December 2007

SummaryWe report the successful implementation of a fully automated tomographic data collection system in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) mode. Autotracking is carried out by combining mechanical and electronic corrections for specimen movement. Autofocusing is based on contrast difference of a focus series of a small sample area. The focus gradient that exists in normal images due to specimen tilt is effectively removed by using dynamic focusing. An advantage of STEM tomography with dynamic focusing over TEM tomography is its ability to reconstruct large objects with a potentially higher resolution.
Role of Escherichia coli in acute diarrhoea in tribal preschool children of central India
Authors: Anvikar Anupkumar R. , Dolla Chandrakumar , Dutta Shanta , Rao Vikas G. , Gadge Vijay S. , Shukla Gajadhar P. , Rao Savinder , Karforma Chandan 
Published: December 2007

SummaryFive hundred and eighty preschool children belonging to tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh were followed up daily for the presence of diarrhoea for a period of 1 year. In all, 1236 episodes of diarrhoea were recorded with an average of 2.13 episodes per child per year. Stool samples were collected during 780 episodes. They were cultured to isolate Escherichia coli as well as non‐E. coli enteropathogens. Ten different genes were detected to identify all diarrhoeagenic E. coli using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Enteroaggregative E. coli was the commonest diarrhoeagenic E. coli and was isolated from 64 children, followed by enteropathogenic E. coli (27), enterotoxigenic E. coli (10) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (2). Other enteropathogens detected were bacteria such as Shigella sp, Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella sp, parasites such as Giardia lamblia and Entameba histolytica, and rotavirus. Most of the bacterial pathogens were multi‐drug resistant.The study shows that diarrhoeagenic E. coli contribute significantly to the burden of acute diarrhoea in tribal preschool children.
Congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis: diversity and role of antibodies in different compartments of the host
Authors: CORREA D. , CAÑEDO‐SOLARES I. , ORTIZ‐ALEGRÍA L. B. , CABALLERO‐ORTEGA H. , RICO‐TORRES C. P. 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARY The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is remarkable in several aspects, since it is a protozoan that infects most nucleated cells in many warm‐blooded animals, worldwide. Although the cellular immune response against T. gondii is critical for infection control, antibodies may either enhance or block protective mechanisms, and even mediate immunological damage, directly or indirectly. Since cytokines regulate the class/subclass switch, antibodies may also be the biomarkers of protective or pathological cellular immune events. There is a scientific and clinical interest in the presence of natural and autoreactive antibodies, as well as in the ‘chronic’ immunoglobulin M (IgM) response and the post‐treatment ‘rebound’. Another interesting aspect is compartmentalization; certain immunoglobulins may uniquely be found in specific host fluids. Local synthesis has been demonstrated, but antibodies may also traverse several cell layers, like the blood–brain and haemato‐ocular barriers, and the placenta. In some instances, Fc receptors (FcRs) facilitate transport and may even have a concentrator effect, which can be related to resistance or pathology. These aspects of the humoral response against T. gondii are reviewed in the present paper.
Hair cycle in dogs with different hair types in a tropical region of Brazil
Authors: Favarato Evandro S. , Conceição Lissandro Gonçalves 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHair cycle activity has been extensively studied in humans, sheep and laboratory animals, but there is a lack of information in dogs. Besides varying according to species, breed, sex and general health, hair growth is mainly affected by climatic variations. The aim of the study was to evaluate the follicle activity in three breeds of dogs with different hair types, in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais (latitude 20°45′S), Brazil. Twenty‐one male dogs of boxer, labrador and schnauzer breeds were trichographically analysed monthly over 12 consecutive months. Hair percentage of telogen and anagen hairs at the different stages of the hair cycle in boxers and labradors was not significantly different, but both differed from the schnauzers. A significant correlation between hair follicle cycle and environmental temperature and photoperiod was noted in the boxers and labradors. In these breeds, a larger number of telogen hairs were observed during the hottest months of the year, and an increase in anagen hairs during the coldest months. The mean percentage of telogen hairs was 93, 90 and 55.3% for boxer, labrador and schnauzer, respectively.
The effects of topical tripeptide copper complex and helium‐neon laser on wound healing in rabbits
Authors: Gul Nihal Y. , Topal Ayse , Cangul I. Taci , Yanik Kemal 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical and histopathological effects of tripeptide copper complex (TCC) and two different doses of laser application (helium‐neon laser, 1 and 3 J cm−2) on wound healing with untreated control wounds. Experimental wounds were created on a total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits and topical TCC or laser was applied for 28 days. The wounds were observed daily, and planimetry was performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 to measure the unhealed wound area and percentage of total wound healing. Biopsies were taken weekly to evaluate the inflammatory response and the level of neovascularization. The median time for the first observable granulation tissue was shorter (P < 0.05) in the low and high dose laser groups than in the control group (3 and 2.66 vs. 4.5 days), but was not different between the TCC and control groups (4.16 vs. 4.5 days). Filling of the open wound to skin level with granulation tissue was faster (P < 0.05) in the TCC and high dose laser groups than in the control group (14 and 16 vs. 25 days), but was not different between the low dose laser and control groups (23 vs. 25 days). The average time for healing was shorter (P < 0.05) in the TCC and high dose laser groups (29.8 and 30.2 vs. 34.6 days), but was not different between the low dose laser and control groups (33.8 vs. 34.6 days). Histopathologically, wound healing was characterized by a decrease in the neutrophil counts and an increase in neovascularization. The TCC and high dose laser groups had greater neutrophil and vessel counts than in the control group, suggesting a more beneficial effect for wound healing.
Effect of Hydroxyethyl Starch Solution in Normal Horses and Horses with Colic or Acute Colitis
Authors: Schusser G. F. , Rieckhoff K. , Ungemach F. R. , Huskamp N. H. , Scheidemann W. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryHydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution is an effective colloidal infusion solution in humans for treatment of hypovolaemic shock, but it has not been compared with fluids currently available for use in horses. On the basis of plasma‐expanding effect of HES in normal horses, a 10% medium‐molecular 200/0.5 solution of HES was subsequently tested in hypovolaemic horses. Six normal horses were given five protocols of a single infusion of HES at varying dosage rates (5, 10, 15 ml HES/kg), as well as isotonic saline (15 ml/kg) and hypertonic saline (4 ml/kg b.w.). Dehydrated horses suffering from acute colitis or those which had been treated surgically for ileus of the small or large intestine were given an i.v. infusion of 10 ml HES/kg in combination with 10 ml saline/kg. Clinical data and blood samples for testing were taken before the infusion, and then 10 min, 1 h, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h after infusion (a.i.). A significant decrease in haematocrit was observed in protocol 1–5 for a period of up to 4, 4, 10 h, 10 min and up to 10 min; in group of colitis, during the entire 24‐h testing period, and in groups of ileus of small intestine and of large intestine, up to 4 and 10 h a.i. HES decreases better and longer‐lasting haematocrit and total protein than either isotonic or hypertonic saline. Half‐life of HES increases due to higher dosage (5.83, 7.63 and 11.48 h) and distribution is exclusively intravascular. In normal horses of protocol 1–3 using HES aPTT, sodium and potassium were within the physiological range. Serum amylase activity is increased in horses using HES. On the basis of this clinical study, the decreasing effect of urea and creatinine in colic patients after surgery and fewer instances of postoperative ileus a dosage of 10 ml HES/kg could be recommended.
Australia and New Zealand survey of glaucoma practice patterns
Authors: Liu Lance 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground:  To evaluate current glaucoma practices among consultant ophthalmologists in Australia and New Zealand.Methods:  A postal questionnaire of 25 questions regarding current glaucoma practices and the use of antimetabolites and steroids in trabeculectomy surgery was sent to all practising Australian and New Zealand Fellows of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (as of June 2005). This paper looked at glaucoma practice patterns and consisted of questions on demographic data, the definition of glaucoma, intraocular pressure measurements, central corneal thickness, gonioscopy, optic disc assessment, preferred first‐line glaucoma medications and laser trabeculoplasty.Results:  The overall response rate was 78% (627 out of 808). Ninety‐one per cent stated that they managed glaucoma of which 12% considered themselves as a glaucoma subspecialist. Eighty‐two per cent of ophthalmologists defined glaucoma as an optic neuropathy and 66% measured the intraocular pressure themselves. Pachymetry was routinely measured by 37%. When performing gonioscopy, 56% did this (more than 50% of the time) but only 13% repeated it. Fifty‐eight per cent assessed the optic disc by objective means and 18% used this to follow glaucoma patients. Eighty‐two per cent preferred a prostaglandin analogue as first‐line treatment of primary open angle glaucoma and 79% did less than 10 argon laser trabeculoplasties in 2004.Conclusions:  This survey shows a wide range of glaucoma practice patterns among Australian and New Zealand ophthalmologists. Gonioscopy (initial and repeat) and objective assessment of the optic disc were poorly done.
Does the nuchal cord persist? An ultrasound and color‐Doppler‐based prospective study
Authors: Lal Neena , Deka Deepika , Mittal Suneeta 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAim:  To study the persistence of nuchal cord by ultrasound at various periods of gestation.Methods:  Ultrasound was done on 200 consecutive pregnant women and nuchal cord was documented at 18–20, 30–32 and 36–38 weeks' gestation.Results:  The incidence of nuchal cord was 6% at 18–20 weeks, 7.5% at 30–32 weeks, 26.5% at 36–38 weeks and 28% at birth. The persistence of nuchal cord was 8.3% from 18 to 20 to 30–32 weeks, 26.6% from 30–32 to 36–38 weeks and 84.9% from 36–38 weeks to delivery. Using the Friedman test, the change in the presence of nuchal cord was significant (P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Nuchal cord keeps appearing and disappearing over time. Its incidence increases with gestational age and is more likely to persist if it is diagnosed later in pregnancy.