bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flutamide reduced prostate cancer development and prostate stem cell antigen mRNA expression in high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Zhigang Zhao , Wenlu Shen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHigh‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) appears to represent an ideal target for chemoprevention of prostate cancer (PCa). HGPIN responds to androgen ablation and has prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) mRNA expression. One hundred and seventy two patients with isolated HGPIN were randomized in a double‐blind manner to receive flutamide 250 mg/day (86 cases) or a placebo (86 cases) for 12 months and were rebiopsied at 12 and 60 months. PSCA mRNA expression was assessed in the prestudy and 12‐month biopsies by in situ hybridization. The incidence of subsequent PCa was 11.6% in the flutamide group when compared with 30.2% in the placebo group over a follow‐up period of 5 years (p = 0.0027). PSCA mRNA expression levels were significantly declined after treatment compared with that before treatment (p < 0.001). After treatment, 66 patients had reduced PSCA mRNA expression, in whom none was found with cancer on follow‐up, however, 13 cases had increased PSCA mRNA expression levels, in whom 11 were found with cancer. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that HGPIN with increased PSCA mRNA expression after flutamide had an increased relative risk of 4.33 to develop subsequent cancer (95% confidence intervals: 2.48–7.36; p < 0.001). Seventeen (19.8%) cases had the flutamide‐associated side effects, which were graded as mild, but all did not discontinue study. Flutamide can effectively and safely reduce PCa development and significantly suppress PSCA mRNA expression in men with isolated HGPIN, whereas the increased PSCA mRNA expression after therapy may be a clinically adverse predictor for cancer onset. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The association between oral contraceptive use and lobular and ductal breast cancer in young women
Authors: Nyante Sarah J. , Gammon Marilie D. , Malone Kathleen E. , Daling Janet R. , Brinton Louise A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecent reports indicate that the incidence of lobular breast cancer is increasing at a faster rate than ductal breast cancer, which may be due to the differential effects of exogenous hormones by histology. To address this issue, we examined whether the relationship between oral contraceptive use and incident breast cancer differs between lobular and ductal subtypes in young women. A population‐based sample of in situ and invasive breast cancer cases between ages 20 and 44 were recruited from Atlanta, GA; Seattle‐Puget Sound, WA and central New Jersey. Controls were sampled from the same areas by random‐digit dialing, and were frequency matched to the expected case age distribution. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using polytomous logistic regression. Among the 100 lobular cancers, 1,164 ductal cancers, and 1,501 controls, the odds ratios for oral contraceptive ever use were 1.10 (95% CI = 0.68–1.78) for lobular cancers and 1.21 (95% CI = 1.01–1.45) for ductal cancers, adjusted for study site, age at diagnosis, and pap screening history. Our results suggest that the magnitude of the association between ever use of oral contraceptives and breast cancer in young women does not vary strongly by histologic subtype. These results are similar to previous studies that report little difference in the effect of oral contraceptive use on breast cancer by histology. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of mature cartilage constructs using novel three‐dimensional porous scaffolds for enhanced repair of osteochondral defects
Authors: Kasahara Yasuhiko , Iwasaki Norimasa , Yamane Shintaro , Igarashi Tatsuya , Majima Tokifumi , Nonaka Sachiko , Harada Kazuo , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro , Minami Akio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this study, we successfully developed two types of volume‐reduced three‐dimensional scaffolds, including cushion‐ and cylinder‐shape scaffolds, fabricated from chitosan‐based hyaluronic acid hybrid polymer fibers. Using these scaffolds combined with a bioreactor system, we regenerated histologically and mechanically mature cartilage constructs. The final goal of this study was to clarify the ability of this engineered cartilage construct to induce cartilage repair in osteochondral defects. The mature cartilage constructs regenerated with two types of scaffolds were implanted into 5‐mm diameter osteochondral defects in the patellar groove of rabbits. At 12 weeks after implantation, the reparative tissues consisted of hyaline‐like cartilage with evidence of stable fusion to adjacent native cartilage and normal reconstitution of subchondral bone. The histological score of these tissues significantly outranked the value of untreated tissue. Biomechanically, compression modulus of reparative tissue at 12 weeks postoperatively was comparative to that of normal articular cartilage. Our results indicate that the implantation of constructs with mature cartilage have potential as a better approach for joint resurfacing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Effects of pH and fluoride concentration on the corrosion of titanium
Authors: Lindholm‐Sethson B. , Ardlin B.I. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to confirm and summarize the corrosion behavior of titanium in saline solution at different pH and fluoride concentration, and to characterize the surface films and the stability of a passive and aged titanium surface using open circuit potential measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and anodic polarization curves. The results from the electrochemical measurements were related to titanium released after 2‐min brushing with saline solutions with different pH and fluoride concentration, that is, simulating tooth brushing with fluoride containing prophylactic substances. Titanium was analyzed using atomic adsorption spectrophotometry. The pH in the saline solution was varied between 4 and 7 with additions of sodium fluoride up to 1.0 wt %. The presence of fluoride in solution was unfavorable for the stability of titanium and led to corrosion and the release of titanium especially at low pH. The combination of low pH and presence of fluoride ions in solution destroyed a passive film on the titanium surface even after aging for 170 h in neutral saline solution. The results do not necessarily imply the occurrence of biological soft tissue related effects even if a physical contact between titanium and the surrounding milieu is prevalent. To provide a general understanding of electrochemical techniques in biomaterial research, much effort was put in the qualitative description of the results, with the intention to provide a broader understanding of especially the impedance method to other researchers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Extruded collagen‐polyethylene glycol fibers for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Zeugolis D. I. , Paul R. G. , Attenburrow G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe repair of anterior cruciate ligament, skin, tendon and cartilage remains a challenging clinical problem. Extruded collagen fibers comprise a promising scaffold for tissue engineering applications; however the engineering of these fibers has still to be improved to bring this material to clinical practice. Herein we investigate the influence of collagen concentration, the amount of PEG Mw 8K and the extrusion tube internal diameter on the properties of these fibers. Ultrastructural evaluation revealed packed intra‐fibrillar structure. The thermal properties were found to be independent of the collagen concentration, the amount of PEG or the extrusion tube internal diameter (p > 0.05). An inversely proportional relationship between dry fiber diameter and stress at break was found. The 20% PEG was identified as the optimal amount required for the production of reproducible fibers. Increasing the collagen concentration resulted in fibers with higher diameter (p < 0.001), force (p < 0.001) and strain at break (p < 0.02) values, whilst the stress at break (p < 0.001) and the modulus (p < 0.007) values were decreased. Increasing the extrusion tube internal diameter influence significantly (p < 0.001) all the investigated mechanical properties. Overall, extruded collagen fibers were produced with properties similar to those of native or synthetic fibers to suit a wide range of tissue engineering applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Activated platelets positively regulate RANKL‐mediated osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Weicht Barbara , Maitz Philipp , Kandler Barbara , Fischer Michael B. , Watzek Georg , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPlatelets induce osteoclastogenesis in total bone marrow cultures where hematopoietic cells can interact with stromal cells. Whether or not activated platelets directly act on hematopoietic cells to promote their differentiation into osteoclasts remains unknown. Here we report that platelet releasates (PRS) increase osteoclastogenesis in stroma‐depleted, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF)‐dependent bone marrow cells when cultured in the presence of receptor activator of NF‐kappaB ligand (RANKL). The increased number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive multinucleated cells (MNC) was paralleled by an enhanced transcription of osteoclast specific genes. Osteoclastogenesis was observed with hematopoietic cells previously depleted of B‐cells or T‐cells. Immunoprecipitation of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) decreased the osteoclastogenic capacity of the PRS. PRS enhanced phosphorylation of Smad‐2, a downstream signaling mediator of TGF‐β. PRS increased phosphorylation of p38 and c‐Jun NH(2)‐terminal kinase (JNK), whereas only blocking of p38 but not JNK signaling suppressed osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that activated platelets can enhance osteoclastogenesis by providing a source of TGF‐β and by activating osteoclastogenic signaling pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1300–1307, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomarkers, regerons, and pathways to lethal cancer
Authors: Qiao Meng , Pardee Arthur B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCancer is a disease of “outlaw” cells that become mutated in regulatory mechanisms. They have lost normal self controls and relationships to the whole organism. Cancers can progress by several pathways from a normal cell to malignant cancer, from bad to worse. Questions about advisability of treatment for some cancers arise from the possibility that they are arrested during progression and so never become lethal. Techniques could be developed to determine the degree of progression and possibility for successful treatment. This article is intended to suggest a way of looking at cancer. It is not a review so references to research articles are infrequent. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1076–1086, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unstructured mathematical model for biomass, lactic acid and bacteriocin production by lactic acid bacteria in batch fermentation
Authors: Vázquez José Antonio , Murado Miguel Anxo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: A simple macroscopical model was proposed to describe the fermentation kinetics of growth, bacteriocins and lactic acid production by Lactococcus lactis and Pediococcus acidilactici in a batch system. The equations used were: the logistic reparametrized for growth, the Luedeking–Piret model for bacteriocin production, the maintenance energy model for glucose consumption; and the homofermentative balance equation for lactic acid formation.RESULTS: In all the cultures, the mathematical models, consistents and robusts, adjusted, perfectly, the experimental kinetic profiles. Also, the corresponding kinetic parameters were significant, so much biological as statistically.CONCLUSIONS: The group of integrated equations used, besides showing high accuracy in predicting the studied bioproductions, established a useful tool for the control of lactic acid bacteria kinetics in bioreactors in terms of its statistical consistency. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
On k‐detour subgraphs of hypercubes
Authors: Arizumi Nana , Hamburger Peter , Kostochka Alexandr 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA spanning subgraph G of a graph H is a k‐detour subgraph of H if for each pair of vertices $x,y \in V(H)$, the distance, ${\rm dist}_G(x,y)$, between x and y in G exceeds that in H by at most k. Such subgraphs sometimes also are called additive spanners. In this article, we study k‐detour subgraphs of the n‐dimensional cube, $Q^n$, with few edges or with moderate maximum degree. Let $\Delta(k,n)$ denote the minimum possible maximum degree of a k‐detour subgraph of $Q^n$. The main result is that for every $k\geq 2$ and $n \geq 21$

On the other hand, for each fixed even $k \geq 4$ and large n, there exists a k‐detour subgraph of $Q^n$ with average degree at most $2 + 2^{4-k/2}+o(1)$. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 57: 55–64, 2008
On the dispersion of a non‐orthogonal TLM cell
Authors: Li Zaiqing , Le Maguer Sandrick , Ney Michel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe numerical dispersion of a non‐orthogonal transmission line matrix (TLM) algorithm is for the first time investigated. First of all, the dispersion relation is derived in the most general possible case. Then, the validation is carried out in the analysis of a simple one‐dimensional example. Results show that the theory is in excellent agreement with the numerical simulation. Numerical results concerning various cell shape dispersion characteristics are presented and show some relatively weak numerical dispersion even for rather highly distorted cells. Finally, some indications concerning cell shape selection to minimize the non‐orthogonal TLM cell are proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the k‐space trajectory on the dynamic T1‐weighted signal in quantitative first‐pass cardiac perfusion MRI at 3T
Authors: Kim Daniel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe dynamic T1‐weighted signal in first‐pass myocardial perfusion MRI can vary as a function of k‐space trajectory. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to compare the relative T1‐weighted signal produced by the linear, centric, and reverse centric k‐space trajectories at 3T. The centric k‐space trajectory yielded higher arterial input function (AIF) than the linear and reverse centric k‐space trajectories (6.21 ± 0.84 vs. 4.75 ± 0.75 vs. 4.39 ± 0.85 mM, respectively; N = 9; P < 0.01), and the reverse centric k‐space trajectory yielded higher myocardial signal contrast (as a fraction of equilibrium magnetization) than the linear and centric k‐space trajectories (0.17 ± 0.02 vs. 0.12 ± 0.02 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01, respectively; N = 9; P < 0.001). Compared to the linear k‐space trajectory, the centric k‐space trajectory is relatively optimal for the quantification of AIF, whereas the reverse centric k‐space trajectory is relatively optimal for high contrast of myocardial wall enhancement. Magn Reson Med, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen‐sensitive projections from the medial preoptic area to the dorsal pontine tegmentum, including Barrington's nucleus, in the rat
Authors: Rickey Leslie Minor , Sarkey Sara , DonCarlos Lydia L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAimUrinary incontinence affects a significant number of post‐menopausal women. There is conflicting evidence whether voiding symptoms in these women are related to hypoestrogenism or aging itself. This neuroanatomical study was designed to determine whether a specific central nervous system (CNS) pathway that projects to the pontine micturition center (PMC, also known as “Barrington's nucleus”) is estrogen sensitive in a rat model.MethodsA fluorescent retrograde tracer was injected into the dorsal pontine tegmentum of adult female Sprague‐Dawley rats to identify neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPA) that project to the PMC. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies directed against estrogen receptor‐alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor‐beta (ERβ) to identify estrogen‐sensitive neurons. The brain sections were examined using fluorescence microscopy to identify cells that project to the PMC (contain fluorescent tracer) and also express ER (are immunoreactive for ER).ResultsThere are neurons in the MPA that are double labeled (contain fluorescent tracer and express ERα, but not ERβ), showing that a subset of neurons projecting from the MPA to the PMC is estrogen sensitive.ConclusionsA subset of estrogen‐sensitive neurons projects from the MPA to the PMC in rats, raising the possibility that indirect estrogenic regulation of forebrain neuronal function may modulate the micturition reflex. Future development of drugs that alter the function of this estrogen‐sensitive CNS pathway may provide therapeutic strategies to treat post‐menopausal incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:440–445, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproducibility of single‐ and multi‐voxel 1H MRS measurements of intramyocellular lipid in overweight and lean subjects under conditions of controlled dietary calorie and fat intake
Authors: Shen Wei , Mao Xiangling , Wolper Carla , Heshka Stanley , Dashnaw Stephen , Hirsch Joy , Heymsfield Steven B. , Shungu Dikoma C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe reproducibility of repeated single‐voxel 1H MRS (SV‐MRS) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) measurements of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) in the tibialis anterior muscle of five lean and five overweight female Caucasians, during 7 days of controlled dietary fat and calorie intake, was assessed at 1.5 T. Duplicate measures of IMCL relative to total muscle creatine (IMCL/tCr) obtained 3 days apart by both SV‐MRS and MRSI correlated well (r = 0.65 and r = 0.95, respectively, P < 0.05). The coefficients of variation for repeated measures of IMCL/tCr by SV‐MRS and MRSI were 24.4% and 10.7%, respectively. IMCL/tCr measured by MRSI was higher in overweight subjects than in lean subjects (8.3 ± 3.8 vs 4.3 ± 2.4, P < 0.05). Although both methods achieved good reproducibility in measuring IMCL in vivo, MRSI was found to offer greater flexibility and reliability, and higher sensitivity to IMCL differences, whereas SV‐MRS was advantageous with respect to shorter scan time and ease of implementation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aptamere als Therapeutika und als Werkzeuge zur Wirkstoffsuche. Nukleinsäuren im Drug Discovery Prozess
Authors: Mayer Günter , Famulok Michael 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAptamere sind potente Proteininhibitoren und leisten, wie kaum eine andere Substanzklasse, einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Drug‐Discovery‐Prozess. Mit Macugen® ist das erste Aptamer als Therapeutikum verfügbar und kann zur Behandlung der AMD eingesetzt werden. Neben ihrem direkten Einsatz als Therapeutika werden Aptamere sowohl zur Validierung pharmakologisch relevanter Proteine als auch zur Identifizierung niedermolekularer Substanzen verwandt. Die Aptamertechnologie repräsentiert eine Technologieplattform, deren vielseitige Einsatzgebiete von der funktionellen Charakterisierung von Biomolekülen bis hin zur Identifikation niedermolekularer Substanzen reichen.
Vibrio harveyi sepsis in a child with cancer
Authors: Wilkins Simone , Millar Michael , Hemsworth Sue , Johnson Gemma , Warwick Simon , Pizer Barry 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA paediatric oncology patient presented with central line sepsis caused by Vibrio harveyi, a gram negative bioluminescent marine bacterium known to be pathogenic to fish and marine invertebrates, after swimming in the sea. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:891–892. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thiol–norbornene materials: Approaches to develop high Tg thiol–ene polymers
Authors: Carioscia Jacquelyn A. , Schneidewind Lauren , O'Brien Casey , Ely Robert , Feeser Caitlin , Cramer Neil , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe ability to prepare high Tg low shrinkage thiol–ene materials is attractive for applications such as coatings and dental restoratives. However, thiol and nonacrylated vinyl materials typically consist of a flexible backbone, limiting the utility of these polymers. Hence, it is of importance to synthesize and investigate thiol and vinyl materials of varying backbone chemistry and stiffness. Here, we investigate the effect of backbone chemistry and functionality of norbornene resins on polymerization kinetics and glass transition temperature (Tg) for several thiol–norbornene materials. Results indicate that Tgs as high as 94 °C are achievable in thiol–norbornene resins of appropriately controlled chemistry. Furthermore, both the backbone chemistry and the norbornene moiety are important factors in the development of high Tg materials. In particular, as much as a 70 °C increase in Tg was observed in a norbornene–thiol specimen when compared with a sample prepared using allyl ether monomer of analogous backbone chemistry. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5686–5696, 2007
Kinetic study of the solution polymerization of methacrylamide initiated with potassium persulfate using in situ Raman spectroscopy and band‐target entropy minimization
Authors: Jiang Ying , Garland Marc , Carpenter Keith J. , Suresh Parappuveetil S. , Widjaja Effendi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the use of in situ Raman spectroscopy together with a novel multivariate data analysis method, band‐target entropy minimization (BTEM), is discussed to monitor the solution polymerization of methacrylamide in aqueous medium. Although FTIR spectroscopy is a more popular spectroscopic technique for polymer characterization and in situ polymerization monitoring, Raman spectroscopy is selected over FTIR in the current study. This is because water has very strong and broad infrared absorption bands and thus masks most of the other infrared signals contributed from monomer and polymer. On the contrary, water has very weak Raman scattering and thus it does not interfere the other Raman signals. The polymerization was initiated with potassium persulfate (KPS). A series of experiments were carried out varying initial monomer concentration, initial KPS concentration, and polymerization temperature. In situ Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the polymerizing mixture and measure the compositions. The collected reaction spectra were subjected to BTEM to elucidate the pure component spectra, and then determine the conversion of monomer. The conversion data was then used to obtain kinetic parameters for the polymerization. The rate of consumption of monomers was found to follow the expression R = keff [I]0.55[M]1.41. The activation energy of the system was estimated at 121 kJ/mol. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5697–5704, 2007
A novel method to characterize the compatibilizer effect in polymer blend
Authors: Liu Chun‐Yuan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBoth components of a polymer blend were labeled slightly with donor (naphthalene) and acceptor (anthracene), respectively and were mixed with equal amounts of various amounts of diblock copolymer. Adding diblock copolymer as a compatibilizer would improve blend compatibility and the degree of mutual segmental penetration between both components was also increased. In contrast, adding random copolymer has very little effect. Making use of nonradiative energy transfer, we can evaluate the efficiency of a compatibilizer delicately and determine the optimum concentration of compatibilizer for a blend. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 3215–3219, 2007