bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epoxy/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites from octakis(glycidyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane and small‐molecule curing agents
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ling , Chang Gung‐Pei , Hsu Keh‐Ying , Chang Feng‐Chih 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEpoxy/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites were obtained from octakis(glycidyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane (OG) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured with small‐molecule curing agents of diethylphosphite (DEP) and dicyandiamide (DICY). An increase in the POSS contents of the nanocomposites and an improvement in the nanocomposite homogeneity were observed with the use of the small‐molecule curing agents. Phosphorus in DEP and nitrogen in DICY also performed synergism with POSS for thermal stability enhancement and flammability improvement in the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites possessing high OG contents exhibited good thermal stability, improved flammability, and high storage moduli. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3825–3835, 2006
Novel, well‐defined polystyrene with a fluorine cluster end‐capped group: Synthesis, characterization, and surface properties
Authors: Li Hong , Zhang Yong Ming , Zhang Heng , Xue Min Zhao , Liu Yan Gang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNovel, well‐defined fluorinated polystyrene was synthesized for the first time via the controlled radical polymerization of styrene through a relatively simple process and was characterized with 1H NMR, 19F NMR, and gel permeation chromatography. The surface properties of polystyrene and poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene‐co‐styrene) films were modified with the obtained polymers. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the air‐side surface composition of the modified poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene‐co‐styrene) films showed that fluorine enriched the outermost surface, resulting in fantastic surface properties that came close to those of poly(tetrafluoroethylene). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3853–3858, 2006
Delayed cuticular penetration and enhanced metabolism of deltamethrin in pyrethroid‐resistant strains of Helicoverpa armigera from China and Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Mushtaq , Denholm Ian , Bromilow Richard H 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe penetration and metabolism of [14C]deltamethrin was studied in susceptible and resistant Chinese and Pakistani strains of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), which were resistant to deltamethrin by 330‐ and 670‐fold, respectively. The penetration of deltamethrin into resistant individuals was significantly slower than into susceptible individuals over a 24‐h period. The time taken for 50% penetration of the applied deltamethrin was 1 h for the susceptible strain and 6 h for both of the resistant strains. The internal radioactivity was reduced by the larvae of resistant strains much faster than by the susceptible larvae. After 48 h, 40% of the penetrated deltamethrin was still inside the larvae of the susceptible strain, in comparison with 1.5–5% in the Pakistani strain and 8–14% in the Chinese strain. Both of the resistant strains produced methanol‐soluble and water‐soluble metabolites, but the susceptible strain produced methanol‐soluble metabolites only. By 12, 24 and 48 h after dosing, the amount of methanol‐soluble metabolites excreted by the resistant strains was almost double that of the susceptible strain. Both of the resistant strains also excreted 5–7% of the penetrated dose as a water‐soluble metabolite after 48 h. In comparison with the Chinese strain, the Pakistani strain exhibited slower penetration, lower internal content and faster excretion of deltamethrin, which correlated with the higher resistance of the Pakistani strain. These findings show that the resistant Pakistani and Chinese strains of H. armigera possess mechanisms of reduced cuticular penetration and enhanced metabolism of deltamethrin and perhaps other pyrethroids. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Photon‐assisted tunneling in ac driven double quantum dot spin pumps
Authors: Sánchez R. , Platero G. , Aguado R. , Cota E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this work, we study the effect of an applied ac gate voltage on the spin filtering and pumping properties of a lateral double quantum dot, in the Coulomb blockade and weak coupling regimes, considering not only the effect of the ac potential on the inter‐dot tunneling but also on the tunneling through the leads. This last effect accounts for additional photon absorption and emission processes and therefore affects the spin polarization of the pumped current. In particular, we find that the spin down filtering property can be affected depending on the intensity of the ac field. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conductance control in quantum wires by attached quantum dots
Authors: Orellana P. , Domínguez‐Adame F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe electronic transport of two quantum dots side‐coupled to a quantum wire is studied by means of the two impurity Anderson Hamiltonian. The conductance is found to be a superposition of a Fano and a Breit–Wigner resonances as a function of the Fermi energy, provided the gate voltages of the quantum dots are slightly different. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carbon nanotubes for biological devices
Authors: García A. , Bustero I. , Muñoz R. , Goikotxea L. , Obieta I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe unique properties of carbon nanotubes open attractive possibilities in many applications areas, for instance as biological devices. Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWNT) have been synthesized by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) and the influence of certain process variables in the final product yield have been studied. In addition, purification treatment applied at synthesized carbon nanotubes, has been developed. Biocompatibility tests have demonstrated that purified carbon nanotubes are non‐cytotoxic. Finally, a functionalization process is developed to help in carbon nanotubes‐biomolecule interaction. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electric force microscopy of individually charged semiconductor nanoparticles
Authors: Diesinger H. , Mélin T. , Barbet S. , Deresmes D. , Stiévenard D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCharge injection experiments by electrostatic force microscopy are performed on single semiconductor nanoparticles. Different methods of detecting the stored charge are used. Although the amount of charge stored in particles of realistic shape can be determined quantitatively, we present here a qualitative comparison between Q (V ) hysteresis curves observed on silicon and GaN quantum dots, in dry nitrogen and in ultra high vacuum. For silicon dots in dry atmosphere, we find a hysteresis behavior entirely different from the one observed on GaN dots in ultra high vacuum. The contribution of interface states to hysteresis is discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature effects on the magnetic properties of antiferromagnetically coupled amorphous Co0.74Si0.26/Si multilayers
Authors: Zárate L. , Quirós C. , Vélez M. , Yaacoub N. , Meny C. , Pérez‐Junquera A. , Martín J. I. , Alameda J. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the magnetic properties of antiferromagnetically coupled amorphous Co0.74Si0.25/Si multilayers has been investigated by Magneto‐Optical Transverse Kerr Effect and Superconducting Quantum Interference Device. The studied temperature range has been varied between 5 K (15 K for Kerr loops) and room temperature. The results show that the Curie temperature of the multilayers is close to room temperature and that the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling can only be detected at temperatures close to the Curie temperature. When the temperature is decreased, the coercive field of the single films composing the multilayer increases, masking the antiferromagnetic coupling below 250 K. Field‐Cooling and Zero‐Field‐Cooling measurements suggest the presence of a small superparamagnetic contribution. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Field and temperature dependence of Bloch walls across the thickness in Gd0.28Co0.72/Gd0.12Co0.88 exchange coupled double layers
Authors: Zárate R. , Martín J. I. , Pérez‐Junquera A. , Vélez M. , Meny C. , Alameda J. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe characteristics of the Bloch walls across the thickness that appear at high fields in Gd0.28Co0.72/Gd0.12Co0.88 exchange coupled double layers have been studied by transverse Kerr effect. From the modelling of the magneto‐optical response the wall thickness is obtained as a function of magnetic field H and temperature. Wall thickness is found to decrease as H –1/2 in agreement with theoretical predictions. On the other hand, the thickness of the wall when it is created at the interface increases linearly with temperature. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐linear effects in the quenching of fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles by paramagnetic species
Authors: Scaiano J. C. , Laferrière Marie , Galian Raquel E. , Maurel Vincent , Billone Paul 
Published: April 2006

AbstractQuenching of quantum dot luminescence by nitroxides shows steep exponential behavior and is dependent on nanoparticle size, being most effective for the smaller particles. The interaction of CdSe nanoparticles with TEMPO (non‐binding) and 4‐amino‐TEMPO (binding) has been examined using fluorescence and electron spin resonance techniques. The data suggest that quenching involves an electron exchange mechanism. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Functionalization of atomic cobalt clusters obtained by electrochemical methods
Authors: Rodríguez Cobo Eldara , Rivas Rey José , Blanco Varela M. Carmen , Mouriño Mosquera Antonio , Torneiro Abuin Mercedes , López Quintela M. Arturo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFunctionalization of magnetic nanoparticles with appropriate organic molecules is very important for many applications. In the present study, cobalt nanoparticles, with an average diameter of 2 nm corresponding to Co309 clusters were synthesised by an electrochemical method, and then coated with ADCB (4‐(9‐deceniloxi)benzoic acid), in order to protect the clusters against oxidation and to obtain a final nanostructure, which can be attached later on to many different materials, like drugs, proteins or some other biological molecules. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Localization of GRP78 to mitochondria under the unfolded protein response
Authors: Sun Fang-Chun , Wei Shou , Li Chia-Wei , Chang Yuo-Sheng , Chao Chih-Chung , Lai Yiu-Kay 
Published: April 2006

The ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein) generally localizes to the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). GRP78 is specifically induced in cells under the UPR (unfolded protein response), which can be elicited by treatments with calcium ionophore A23187 and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor TG (thapsigargin). By using confocal microscopy, we have demonstrated that GRP78 was concentrated in the perinuclear region and co-localized with the ER marker proteins, calnexin and PDI (protein disulphide-isomerase), in cells under normal growth conditions. However, treatments with A23187 and TG led to diminish its ER targeting, resulting in redirection into a cytoplasmic vesicular pattern, and overlapping with the mitochondrial marker MitoTracker. Cellular fractionation and protease digestion of isolated mitochondria from ER-stressed cells suggested that a significant portion of GRP78 is localized to the mitochondria and is protease-resistant. Localizations of GRP78 in ER and mitochondria were confirmed by using immunoelectron microscopy. In ER-stressed cells, GRP78 mainly localized within the mitochondria and decorated the mitochondrial membrane compartment. Submitochondrial fractionation studies indicated further that the mitochondria-resided GRP78 is mainly located in the intermembrane space, inner membrane and matrix, but is not associated with the outer membrane. Furthermore, radioactive labelling followed by subcellular fractionation showed that a significant portion of the newly synthesized GRP78 is localized to the mitochondria in cells under UPR. Taken together, our results indicate that, at least under certain circumstances, the ER-resided chaperone GRP78 can be retargeted to mitochondria and thereby may be involved in correlating UPR signalling between these two organelles.
In vitro selection of herbicide resistance in microspore-derived embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Ling Xu , Guo-Qing Zhang , Hong-Hui Gu , Yun He , Wei-Jun Zhou 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUsing four oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) F1 hybrids (7039, 7040, 282 and 5102) as donor plants for microspore culture, the experiment was conducted to select glyphosate- and haloxyfop-resistant embryos through application of these substances to the cultural media with microspore-derived embryos in vitro. Genotypes 7039 and 7040 were used to select glyphosate-resistant regenerated plants, and genotypes 282 and 5102 to select haloxyfop-resistant plants. The embryos at cotyledonary stage were grown on glyphosate- and haloxyfop-containing MS-2 medium for 2 weeks. The non-resistant embryos collapsed after a short time, while the resistant ones turned green and survived for 2 weeks. Transferred into the normal MS-2 medium for further plant regeneration, the regenerated plants from green embryos showed tolerance to 0.25% sprayed glyphosate, indicating the effectiveness and reliability of this in vitro selection method. When the regenerated plants selected from 0.02% haloxyfop were sprayed with 0.05% haloxyfop, most of them grew well; however, the survival rate of the regenerated plants from 0.01% haloxyfop-containing medium was lower. The present experiment indicates that the use of 0.02% haloxyfop in the selection of haloxyfop-resistant plants was more promising than that of 0.01%. The chromosome doubling efficiency of regenerated plants reached 34% and 52% after being treated with 170 mg/l colchicine for 20 and 30 h, respectively.
An online literature mining tool for protein phosphorylation
Authors: Yuan X. , Hu Z. Z. , Wu H. T. , Torii M. , Narayanaswamy M. , Ravikumar K. E. , Vijay-Shanker K. , Wu C. H. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A web-based version of the RLIMS-P literature mining system was developed for online mining of protein phosphorylation information from MEDLINE abstracts. The online tool presents extracted phosphorylation objects (phosphorylated proteins, phosphorylation sites and protein kinases) in summary tables and full reports with evidence-tagged abstracts. The tool further allows mapping of phosphorylated proteins to protein entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase based on PubMed ID and/or protein name. The literature mining, coupled with database association, allows retrieval of rich biological information for the phosphorylated proteins and facilitates database annotation of phosphorylation features.
Availability: The online RLIMS-P is freely accessible at
Contact: zh9@georgetown.edu
Supplementary Information:
Immediate Lamina Papyracea Reconstruction during Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Surgically Managed Subperiosteal Abscess in Children
Authors: Malik Vikas , Khwaja Sadie , De Carpentier John 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe sinonasal area of a child's face is the keystone of facial architecture, and any trauma to this area may result in facial dysplasia. Animal studies have proven facial skeletal growth retardation following functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The effect of sinus surgery on facial skeletal growth in humans still needs to be established. Therefore, very conservative surgical resection during functional endoscopic sinus surgery in children is advocated. We present a surgical technique of immediate lamina papyracea reconstruction during endoscopic sinus surgery in children. We have used this technique in endoscopic surgical decompression of subperiosteal abscess secondary to sinusitis in children. We present two cases in which this technique was used in children aged 33 months and 8 years old. The postoperative computed tomography scans showed an intact lamina papyracea.
Quality of Life and Cochlear Implantation in Usher Syndrome Type I
Authors: Damen Godelieve W. J. A. , Pennings Ronald J. E. , Snik Ad F. M. , Mylanus Emmanuel A. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjectives: The objectives of this descriptive, retrospective study were to evaluate quality of life, hearing, and vision in patients with Usher syndrome type I with and without cochlear implant.Methods: Quality of life (QoL) of 14 patients with Usher type I (USH1) with a cochlear implant (CI) (seven adults, seven children) was compared with those of 14 patients with USH1 without a CI (12 adults, two children) by means of three questionnaires: NCIQ, SF12, and the Usher Lifestyle Survey. Additional information on hearing level was obtained by the equivalent hearing loss (EHL) principle and on the visual deterioration by the functional vision score (FVS).Results: A significant benefit of CI was seen in the hearing‐specific questionnaire NCIQ. This difference could not be detected in the generic SF12 survey. The Usher Lifestyle Survey indicated that patients with USH1 with a CI tend to be able to live an independent life more easily than the profoundly deaf unimplanted patients with USH1. EHL and FVS scores varied in both groups.Conclusions: Overall QoL can be enhanced by CI in patients with USH1, although effects are mostly seen in hearing‐related QoL items.
Need for an Urgent Ultrasound Examination for Neck Lump
Authors: Sinha Apurv , Karkanevatos Apostolos , Saravanan Ramasamy , Lowe Christopher , Dodds Paul 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThromboembolic phenomenon is rare but serious consequence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. We present a case of thrombosis of the right internal jugular vein presenting as a neck lump to the ENT department. Ultrasonography of the neck and upper extremity revealed thrombosis of right internal jugular vein. The patient was started on low molecular weight heparin, which resulted in resolution of her clinical condition. Interestingly, the majority of cases after OHSS involve thrombosis of the upper extremities. ENT surgeons, general physicians, and infertility experts should consider this in the differential diagnosis of neck swellings, particularly after OHSS and IVF treatment, and in this case report, we emphasis the need for an urgent ultrasound of the neck in such patients.
Effect of Gabapentin on the Sensation and Impact of Tinnitus
Authors: Bauer Carol A. , Brozoski Thomas J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: This study evaluated the effectiveness of gabapentin in treating chronic tinnitus in two populations: participants with tinnitus with associated acoustic trauma and participants with tinnitus without associated acoustic trauma. The hypothesis was that gabapentin would decrease both subjective and objective features of tinnitus in the trauma group but would be less effective in the nontrauma group.Study Design: Prospective, placebo‐controlled, single‐blind clinical trial.Methods: Pure‐tone audiograms and personal histories were used to categorize tinnitus etiology as either secondary to acoustic trauma or not associated with acoustic trauma. Participants were restricted to those with moderate to severe tinnitus for at least 1 year. All participants received gabapentin in a graduated ascending‐descending dose series extending over 20 weeks (peak dose of 2,400 mg/d).Results: There was a significant improvement in tinnitus annoyance for the trauma group (P = .05). Other subjective aspects of tinnitus were not significantly affected in either group. Between‐subject variability of therapeutic response was considerable. Nevertheless, in consideration of subjective loudness ratings, 4 of 19 nontrauma participants and 6 of 20 trauma participants showed an improvement of 20% or better. In consideration of psychoacoustic loudness estimates, 3 of 19 nontrauma and 6 of 20 trauma participants showed an improvement of 20 dB HL or greater. Evenly dividing each group into high and low responders revealed significant improvement in loudness at 1,800 and 2,400 mg/day for the trauma high‐response subgroup (P = .007). No significant improvement was obtained for other subgroups.Conclusion: Gabapentin is effective in reducing subjective and objective aspects of tinnitus in some individuals, with the best therapeutic response obtained in individuals with associated acoustic trauma.
Treatment of haemorrhagic radiation‐induced proctopathy using small volume topical formalin instillation
Authors: CULLEN S. N. , FRENZ M. , MEE A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackgroundBetween 2 and 5% of patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy develop chronic radiation proctopathy, occurring as a result of damage to the rectal mucosa during the treatment. Rectal bleeding of varying severity can occur as a consequence. There have been no formal trials of treatment for haemorrhagic radiation proctopathy and a variety of methods are currently used.AimIn a retrospective study of 20 patients treated at a single centre, we assessed the efficacy of small volume topical formalin instillation to control bleeding from radiation proctopathy.MethodPatients were treated by a single operator using 20 mL of a 5% solution of formalin instilled into the rectum via a flexible sigmoidoscope for 3 min. Patients were followed up for an average of 22.7 months (range: 2–69).ResultsA single session of formalin treatment was effective in 13 of 20 (65%) patients and a further four (20%) patients responded to a second treatment. No complications of the treatment was identified.ConclusionSmall volume formalin instillation therapy appears to be safe and effective in the context of haemorrhagic radiation proctopathy. The technique is simple, inexpensive, quick and requires no sedation. We suggest that it should be considered as a first line for patients presenting with this distressing condition.
Treating high‐rate stereotyped behaviours in children
Authors: JONES ROBERT S. P. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
High‐rate stereotyped behaviour is typically displayed by children who present with some form of sensory or intellectual handicap. This paper reviews the available knowledge on the treatment of the disorder and suggests specific intervention guidelines.Many children display repetitive motor behaviours as a normal aspect of development. These behaviours are usually transitory and do not become a prominent part of the child's presentation. The early stereotyped behaviours of infancy appear to become less a part of the child's behavioural repertoire as the child increasingly attends more to external stimuli in the environment and less to internal stimuli. For some children, however, stereotyped behaviours can increase with age and become both extremely resistant to treatment and, in some cases, self‐injurious (Rojahn 1987).
Cross reactions in skin tests between house dust mite extract and feather extract
Authors: WORMALD P. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOf 248 patients skin tested with house dust mite extract and feather extract 102 gave reactions with both, thirty‐one with mite extract alone and four with feather extract alone. It is believed that nearly all the reactions to feathers were due to mite allergens in the feather extract. As the extract was not made from feathers from old upholstery it is suggested that the reactions might be due to a poultry mite having cross‐antigenicity with the house dust mite.