bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anal ulceration associated with Nicorandil: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Toquero L. , Briggs C. D. , Bassuini M. M. , Rochester J. R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground  Use of Nicorandil in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease has been associated with oral, ileal and more recently anal ulceration. We report a series of six cases of peri‐anal ulceration in patients on nicorandil therapy, their response to withdrawal of the drug and review the literature.Methodology  Systematic case note review of all patients with anal ulceration presenting to a single colorectal unit. Including detailed medical and drug history, morphological and histological appearances of the peri‐anal ulcer after biopsy. Nicorandil therapy stopped in conjunction with physician and the progress of the ulcer monitored. Photographs taken before and after cessation of Nicorandil after informed consent. A literature search on Nicorandil combined with the key words: anal, peri‐anal, ulceration and adverse drug effects was performed using the Cochrane Library Medline (January 1966 to June 2005) and Embase (January 1974 to June, 2005).Results  Six patients were identified from our hospital records. Histological examination of all ulcers revealed nonspecific chronic inflammation. Five patients demonstrated healing of ulceration within six weeks of withdrawal of Nicorandil, the remaining patient had circumferential involvement of the anal canal and has not improved at 3‐month review. One patient was recommenced on Nicorandil after healing due to refractory angina and ulceration recurred.Conclusions  We believe ulceration due to Nicorandil remains widely under diagnosed and the mechanism of ulceration is unclear. Despite diversion colostomy one of our patients continued with peri‐anal ulceration, which may suggest a systemic mechanism rather than local irritation. Biopsy of these lesions is essential to exclude neoplastic process and inflammatory bowel disease.
‘Sex for life’? Men's counter‐stories on ‘erectile dysfunction’, male sexuality and ageing
Authors: Potts Annie , Grace Victoria M. , Vares Tiina , Gavey Nicola 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDiscourse on male sexuality in mid‐to‐later life has exploded in recent years (Gullette 1998). Attention to this topic has been spurred by the advent of (highly profitable) sexuopharmaceutical ‘solutions’ to erectile changes affecting older men. ‘Success’ stories abound in the media and in medical literature related to the restoration of faulty erections and ailing sex lives through drugs such as Viagra (sildenafil citrate), Uprima (apomorphine) and Cialis (tadalafil). In this paper we explore some of the ways in which notions about ageing and male sexuality are changing in popular cultural and medical texts in response to the advent of Viagra and the increasing authority of biomedicine in this area. We also demonstrate how the recent biomedical endorsement of ‘sex for life’ (the imperative to maintain an active youthful masculine [hetero]sexuality – defined in terms of male orgasm through penetrative sex) may be challenged by the very accounts of older men who are, or have been, affected by erectile difficulties and have used drugs like Viagra themselves. We present the perspectives of mid‐to‐late life heterosexual men in New Zealand whose stories question the contemporary biomedical privileging of erections and intercourse ‘at any cost and at any age’. We argue that the current push to identify and treat so‐called erectile dysfunction (and restore erections and penetrative sex to relationships) neglects some men's own experiences of alternative modes of relating sexually that they identify as ‘normal’, ‘healthy’, ‘enjoyable’ and ‘satisfying’ for them and their partners; and undermines their understanding of such changes as positive outcomes of ageing, experience and maturity.
The search for wellbeing in alternative and complementary health practices
Authors: Sointu Eeva 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article is premised on a need to understand and analyse how those turning to alternative and complementary medicines conceptualise the role of these practices; to ask what kind of ‘health’ is produced through alternative and complementary medicines and how might the help provided by these practices relate to questions of identity, self and subjectivity? Even though alternative and complementary medicines can be utilised in the face of serious illness, the healing produced through these practices is here argued to transcend physiological health and relate rather to a subjectively assessed sense of ‘wellbeing’. In this article, I analyse what this wellbeing entails, in particular, in terms of contemporary understandings of selfhood as well as in relation to the production of appropriate emotions through ‘emotion management’. I argue that the wellbeing produced through alternative and complementary health practices can be conceptualised as a means of asserting a particular kind of self as well as a means of negotiating identities offered to people in wider societal discourses and institutions. This article is based on qualitative interviews with both practitioners and users of varied alternative and complementary medicines. The focus is on women's experiences.
Cutaneous hyperpigmentation induced by omeprazole mimicking ashy dermatosis
Authors: Ramírez‐Hernández M , Martínez‐Escribano JA , Martínez‐Barba E , Alcolea‐Rubio LA , Ibarra‐Berrocal IJ 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground  Omeprazole has been associated with multiple adverse effects including skin reactions but, to date, cutaneous hyperpigmentation has not been described as an adverse effect of this drug.Observations  We describe a case of a 52‐year‐old Caucasian woman who developed skin hyperpigmentation in the upper trunk, mimicking ashy dermatosis, 2 months after initiating omeprazole treatment. Histopathologic examination of a skin biopsy taken from a pigmented macule showed dermal macrophages containing golden‐brown granules, which also displayed a sulphur peak on energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry were also performed on the drug and on a biopsy specimen revealing the same chromatograms as well as the same mass spectra.Conclusions  According to our results, omeprazole itself may induce cutaneous pigmentation and, to our knowledge, this is the first report of this finding.
Diet of the spotted‐tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) in eastern Australia: effects of season, sex and size
Authors: Glen A. S. , Dickman C. R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe diet of spotted‐tailed quolls Dasyurus maculatus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) in the north‐eastern tablelands of New South Wales was investigated by faecal analysis. Medium‐sized mammals (500–6999 g) formed the bulk of the faecal content, in terms of both volume and frequency of occurrence. The most frequently consumed vertebrates were the greater glider Petauroides volans, rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, bandicoots Perameles nasuta and/or Isoodon macrourus, red‐necked pademelon Thylogale thetis, ringtail possum Pseudocheirus peregrinus, and brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula and/or T. caninus. Insects were also eaten frequently, but birds and reptiles occurred relatively infrequently in the diet. The seasonal variation in diet was marked, with insects and reptiles being consumed more frequently, and mammals less frequently, in summer than in winter. This seasonal pattern was also mirrored by the relative volumes of mammals and insects consumed. The results obtained here indicate that the spotted‐tailed quoll is an opportunistic predator, consuming a wide variety of taxa and apparently varying its diet to take advantage of short‐term fluctuations in prey abundance. The extremely high proportion of mammals in the diet identifies D. maculatus as a hypercarnivore, or meat specialist. The importance of tree hollow‐nesting mammals in the diet indicates that the preservation of hollow‐bearing trees should aid the conservation of D. maculatus. Future dietary studies of the species should sample over extensive time periods and involve concurrent monitoring of prey populations.
Satellite tracking of Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa) and habitat shifts in their seasonal ranges
Authors: Ito T. Y. , Miura N. , Lhagvasuren B. , Enkhbileg D. , Takatsuki S. , Tsunekawa A. , Jiang Z. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractConservation and management are urgently required for Mongolian gazelles Procapra gutturosa inhabiting the Mongolian steppe. We captured and satellite‐collared two adult females in Dornogobi Province and two adult females in Omnogobi Province and examined whether their seasonal migration corresponded to shifts in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in their habitat. The mean NDVI values of their annual, summer and winter ranges were calculated based on data acquired by the moderate‐resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite. Satellite tracking of gazelles proved their ability to move long distances and provided details of their migration routes. In Omnogobi, the NDVI of the summer range was higher than those of annual and winter ranges during summer, but from October to November the NDVI of the summer range was lower than annual or winter ranges. The shift in NDVI values between summer and winter ranges corresponded with seasonal migrations of gazelles. In contrast, NDVI values were higher in the winter ranges than in both the summer and annual ranges throughout the year in Dornogobi. The results showed that the NDVI is a good indicator of gazelle habitat, but the NDVI alone cannot the explain seasonal migration of gazelles. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of the NDVI as an indicator of habitat quality.
How plants cope with complete submergence
Authors: Voesenek L. A. C. J. , Colmer T. D. , Pierik R. , Millenaar F. F. , Peeters A. J. M. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryFlooding is a widespread phenomenon that drastically reduces the growth and survival of terrestrial plants. The dramatic decrease of gas diffusion in water compared with in air is a major problem for terrestrial plants and limits the entry of CO2 for photosynthesis and of O2 for respiration. Responses to avoid the adverse effects of submergence are the central theme in this review. These include underwater photosynthesis, aerenchyma formation and enhanced shoot elongation. Aerenchyma facilitates gas diffusion inside plants so that shoot‐derived O2 can diffuse to O2‐deprived plant parts, such as the roots. The underwater gas‐exchange capacity of leaves can be greatly enhanced by a thinner cuticle, reorientation of the chloroplasts towards the epidermis and increased specific leaf area (i.e. thinner leaves). At the same time, plants can outgrow the water through increased shoot elongation, which in some species is preceded by an adjustment of leaf angle to a more vertical position. The molecular regulatory networks involved in these responses, including the putative signals to sense submergence, are discussed and suggestions made on how to unravel the mechanistic basis of the induced expression of various adaptations that alleviate O2 shortage underwater.

Contents

Summary
213

I.
Introduction
213

II.
Sensing of submergence
214

III.
Internal aeration and underwater photosynthesis
217

IV.
Stimulated shoot elongation
219

V.
Perspectives
221

Acknowledgements
222

References
222
Maternal medicine: Randomised trial of vitamin A supplementation in pregnant women in rural Malawi found to be anaemic on screening by HemoCue
Authors: Van Den Broek NR , White SA , Flowers C , Cook JD , Letsky EA , Tanumihardjo SA , Mhango C , Molyneux M , Neilson JP 
Published: March 2006

Objective  To assess the effects of vitamin A supplementation in women with anaemia during pregnancy.Design  Single‐centre randomised controlled trial.Setting  Rural community in southern Malawi, central Africa.Population  Seven hundred women with singleton pregnancies at 12–24 weeks measured by ultrasound scan and with haemoglobin <11.0 g/dl by HemoCue screening method. Analysis was by intention to treat. All received iron and folate, and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine for antimalarial prophylaxis.Methods  Women were randomised to receive oral supplementation with daily 5000 or 10 000 iu vitamin A, or placebo.Main outcome measures  Anaemia, as assessed by Coulter counter, severe anaemia, iron status and indices of infection.Results  Vitamin A deficiency was, in this rural population, less common than predicted. Vitamin A supplementation had no significant impact on anaemia, severe anaemia, iron status and indices of infection. Vitamin A stores were less likely to be depleted at the end of pregnancy in supplemented groups.Conclusions  Vitamin A supplementation programmes to reduce anaemia should not be implemented in similar antenatal populations in rural sub‐Saharan Africa unless evidence emerges of positive benefit on substantive clinical outcomes. Introducing public health interventions of unknown benefit and with unclear biological mechanisms can divert scarce resources from clinical and social interventions more likely to impact maternal mortality.
General obstetrics: Fish oil in various doses or flax oil in pregnancy and timing of spontaneous delivery: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Knudsen VK , Hansen HS , Østerdal ML , Mikkelsen TB , Mu H , Olsen SF 
Published: March 2006

Objectives To test the earlier suggested hypothesis that intake of long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids from fish oil may delay the timing of spontaneous delivery and to test if alpha‐linolenic acid, provided as flax oil capsules, shows the same effect.Design Randomised controlled trial including women reporting low dietary fish intake. The women were allocated in the proportions of 1:1:1:1:1:1:2 into six treatment groups and a control group, respectively, from week 17–27 of gestation. The treatment groups received fish oil, in various doses, or flax oil, and the control group did not receive any treatment.Setting The Danish National Birth Cohort.Sample A total of 3098 women allocated into six treatment groups and one control group.Methods The six intervention groups were offered fish oil capsules in doses of 0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.8 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid per day or 2.2 g of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) per day from week 17–27 of gestation until delivery.Main outcome measures Timing of spontaneous delivery.Results No differences in timing of spontaneous delivery was detected in the fish oil groups or the flax oil group, compared with the control group. The difference in timing of spontaneous delivery in the group receiving the highest fish oil dose compared with the control group was 0.8 days (95% CI: –2.3 to 1.0). Only a minority of the women in the intervention groups took capsules until delivery.Conclusion Possible explanations for these findings include no true effect of n‐3 fatty acids on spontaneous delivery or a quick‐acting effect not detectable in this trial.
General obstetrics: Pregnancy‐induced hypertension is associated with lower infant mortality in preterm singletons
Authors: Chen XK , Wen SW , Smith G , Yang Q , Walker M 
Published: March 2006

Objective  To assess the association between pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) and infant mortality.Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  Birth and infant death registration dataset of the USA.Population  A total of 17 432 987 eligible, liveborn singleton births in 1995–2000.Methods  Multivariate logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between PIH and infant mortality, with adjustment of potential confounders.Main outcome measures  Infant death (0–364 days) and its three components: early neonatal death (0–6 days), late neonatal death (7–27 days), and postneonatal death (28–364 days).Results  There was a significant reduction in infant mortality associated with PIH in early preterm infants (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.56–0.63) and in late preterm infants (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73–0.87), but a significant increase in term infants (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14). Both in early preterm and late preterm births, early neonatal mortality (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.34–0.42; OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61–0.77) and late neonatal mortality (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50–0.70; OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96) were decreased in infants born to mothers with PIH compared with those born to mothers with normal blood pressure. The PIH‐associated reduction in neonatal mortality among preterm singletons was stronger in small‐for‐gestational‐age infants than in normal growth infants and stronger in infants born to nulliparous women than in those born to multiparous women.Conclusions  PIH is associated with lower risk of infant death in preterm births but higher risk in term births.
Fetal medicine: Intrauterine fetal demise following laser treatment in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Cavicchioni O , Yamamoto M , Robyr R , Takahashi, Y Ville Y 
Published: March 2006

Objective  To evaluate the incidence, risk factors and consequences of intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) of at least one twin in twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated by laser.Design  Retrospective analysis.Setting  Experience of a single centre between 1999 and 2004.Population  A subgroup of 45 cases with fetal demise of one or both twins from a series of 120 cases of TTTS treated by laser.Methods  All cases were entered prospectively into a dedicated database and the results were analysed retrospectively.Main outcome measures  Fetal demise prognostic factors, survival, fetal anaemia, brain lesions, neonatal death and intact survival.Results  IUFD of one twin occurred in 40 of 120 cases (19 donors and 21 recipients). IUFD of both twins occurred in another five cases. From these 40 cases, miscarriage occurred in two and pregnancy termination was requested in another two cases because of antenatal brain lesions. Two neonates died and two presented severe morbidity, survivors were therefore neurologically normal at 6–44 months of life in 89% (32/36) of the cases. Univariate analysis showed that preoperative abnormal umbilical artery Doppler in the donor before laser treatment and in the recipient following laser treatment was associated with their demise. Incomplete coagulation was suspected in cases where anaemia or cerebral lesions developed following the death of the first twin (10).Conclusions  IUFD of one or both twins occurred in 45 of 120 (38%) cases of severe TTTS treated by laser. In these, separation of the placental circulations was incomplete in at least 22% (10/45) of the cases. Umbilical artery Doppler abnormalities before laser were found to be risk factors for the donors’ demise following the procedure.
Characterization of microsatellite markers for the tanoak tree, Lithocarpus densiflorus
Authors: MORRIS VERONICA R. F. , DODD RICHARD S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe describe the development of 19 primers for amplification of microsatellite loci for tanoak, Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.). A population from Soquel State Demonstration Forest, Santa Cruz County, California (n = 20), and eight individuals from four additional coastal populations and one interior (Sierra Nevada) population were used to investigate polymorphism. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 10. Observed heterozygosity in the Soquel population ranged from 0.05 to 0.70, with two loci being fixed.
Characterization of 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci for an evergreen tree, Myrica rubra
Authors: TERAKAWA M. , KIKUCHI S. , KANETANI S. , MATSUI K. , YUMOTO T. , YOSHIMARU H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe developed 13 microsatellite markers from a genomic library enriched for dinucleotide (CT) repeats in a dioecious evergreen tree, Myrica rubra. We screened loci from 32 adult trees. The number of alleles ranged from two to 14, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.324 to 0.884. The total paternity exclusionary power where the mother was known equalled 0.99965. These loci are of clear value in studying mating system and parentage analysis of this species.
Use of SSCP to improve the efficiency of microsatellite identification from microsatellite‐enriched libraries
Authors: PIGGOTT MAXINE P. , BANKS SAM C. , BEHEREGARAY LUCIANO B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn inefficient aspect of marker identification from microsatellite‐enriched libraries is the proportion of clones with identical sequences. This can substantially increase the number of clones that need to be sequenced in order to identify a sufficient number of microsatellite loci. We propose the use of single‐stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to identify unique clones prior to sequencing. We used this approach prior to sequencing from microsatellite‐enriched libraries for three marine invertebrate species and were able to obtain a given number of unique clone sequences for only 28% of the sequencing effort that would have been required without SSCP screening.
Radio telemetry as a tool for impact assessment of wind farms: the case of Little Terns Sterna albifrons at Scroby Sands, Norfolk, UK
Authors: PERROW MARTIN R. , SKEATE ELEANOR R. , LINES PAUL , BROWN DANIEL , TOMLINSON MARK L. 
Published: March 2006

Many seabirds travel widely to exploit variably distributed prey resources, utilizing even profitable patches only briefly as prey become available. Assessing the relative importance of areas occupied by wind farms relies on sufficient survey effort to increase the probability of detection and later assessment to an acceptable level. Conventional techniques suffer from high sampling costs and infrequent sampling of patches within larger areas. Remote techniques, which continuously sample habitat, may offer a solution although sufficient coverage may be difficult to achieve. In this paper, we outline experiences of the use of radio telemetry on LittleTerns Sterna albifrons at their most important UK breeding site, the Great Yarmouth North Denes Special Protection Area (SPA), in relation to a 30 turbine offshore wind farm on Scroby Sands, which encroaches to 2 km from the North Denes colony. Little Terns had not been radio‐tagged previously in the UK, and the technical difficulties of tagging and subsequently following a small (55 g) diving seabird limited data collection. However, comparative data from 2 years (2003 and 2004), in which the abundance of the terns’ preferred prey varied greatly, revealed striking differences in activity and foraging patterns, which changed the perception of the scope of the birds. With an active nest, birds occupied a range of < 6.3 km2 with a range span of up to 4.6 km. In comparison, failed birds ranged widely, occupying ranges up to 52 km2 and travelling up to 27 km in a single foraging bout. As birds were recorded from 2 to 3 km offshore, the wind farm is within range of birds from the breeding colony at North Denes, although only a small proportion of foraging time was spent at such distance in the years of study. The potential value of radio (and satellite) telemetry in illustrating habitat use, perhaps to set precautionary distance limits for wind farms as well as defining actual use of particular areas including for collision risk assessment is discussed.