bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin in Glaucoma Treatment
Authors: Daka Qëndresë , Neziri Burim , Lindner Ewald , Azuara Blanco Augusto 
Published: March 2024

Précis:
Rigorous trials are essential to develop comprehensive treatment strategies that fully exploit the therapeutic potential of metformin in the treatment of glaucoma.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potentially beneficial effect of metformin on glaucoma risk factors and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The aim is to contribute to the development of new treatment strategies for glaucoma.

Methods:
We searched for studies that assessed the effects of metformin on glaucoma risk factors and the associated underlying mechanisms. Our search included electronic databases such as PUBMED, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov.

Results:
Unfortunately, we did not find any clinical trials that specifically investigated the impact of metformin on glaucoma. However, data from experimental studies demonstrated the capability of metformin to modulate various pathways that could contribute to neuroprotection in glaucoma.

Conclusion:
In order to develop comprehensive treatment strategies that fully exploit the therapeutic potential of metformin in the treatment of glaucoma, rigorous trials are essential. These studies are necessary to demonstrate both the safety and efficacy of metformin in the context of glaucoma treatment.
Is Blepharoplasty Cost-effective? Utility Analysis of Dermatochalasis and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty
Authors: Lee Tonya C. , Fung Sammie E. , Hu Jenny Q. , Villatoro George A. , Park Kathryn S. , Fung Brian M. , Groessl Erik J. , Korn Bobby S. , Kikkawa Don O. , Liu Catherine Y. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
This cross-sectional prospective study measured utility values of upper eyelid dermatochalasis to quantify its impact on quality of life and assess cost-effectiveness of upper blepharoplasty.

Methods:
Utility of dermatochalasis was assessed using the standard reference gamble and time trade-off methods, with dual anchor points of perfect eye function and perfect health. The utility value obtained was used to create a Markov model and run a cost-effectiveness analysis of blepharoplasty as a treatment for dermatochalasis while utilizing the societal perspective.

Results:
One hundred three patients with dermatochalasis recruited from an urban outpatient ophthalmology clinic completed the utility survey. The authors determined utility values for dermatochalasis ranging from 0.74 to 0.92 depending on the measurement method (standard reference gamble/time trade-off) and anchor points. The cost-effectiveness analysis yielded an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $3,146 per quality-adjusted life year, well under the conventional willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis with Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated that blepharoplasty would be cost-effective in 88.1% of cases at this willingness-to-pay threshold.

Conclusions:
Dermatochalasis has an impact on quality of life that is significantly associated with level of perceived functional impairment. Rising health care costs have underscored the importance of providing value-based treatment to patients, and the results of this study suggest that blepharoplasty is a cost-effective treatment option for symptomatic bilateral upper eyelid dermatochalasis.
Spontaneous Blinking Kinematics After Frontalis Muscle Flap Advancement
Authors: Xavier Naiara F. , Garcia Denny M. , Cruz Antonio Augusto V. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To measure the spontaneous blinking metrics after blepharoptosis correction with frontalis muscle flap advancement.

Methods:
A video system was employed to measure the amplitude and velocity of spontaneous blinking of 24 eyelids after the frontalis muscle flap surgery for blepharoptosis correction. A control group with no eyelid disorders was also measured. The data of 13 eyelids who had frontalis slings with autogenous fascia, which were previously collected with the same method in another study, were used for comparison. Digital images were used to measure the superior margin reflex distance and the presence of lagophthalmos during a gentle closure of the palpebral fissure. Superficial keratitis was assessed by corneal biomicroscopy.

Results:
The mean amplitude of spontaneous blinking was 6.3 mm in controls, 2.6 mm in the frontalis flap patients, and 2.1 mm in the fascia sling group. The mean blink velocity was 133.8 mm/second in controls, 39.0 mm/second (3.7 standard error) after the frontalis flap, and 36.3 mm/second in patients with frontalis sling with fascia. For these 2 parameters, there was no statistical difference between the surgical groups, but a significant reduction when compared with the control group. No significant association was found between lagophthalmos and keratitis and the surgical procedure.

Conclusions:
There is no difference between the blinking metrics of eyelids operated using the frontalis muscle flap advancement technique or frontalis sling with autogenous fascia. The presence of lagophthalmos and keratitis also does not differ between the 2 procedures.
Semiautomated MRI-Based Method for Orbital Volume and Contour Analysis
Authors: Smadar Lital , Arazi Mattan , Greenberg Gahl , Haviv Limor , Benifla Or , Zabatani Amit , Fabian Ina , Dagan Mayan , Gutovitz Joel M. , Ben Simon Guy J. , Landau-Prat Daphna 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
The architecture of the orbital cavity is intricate, and precise measurement of its growth is essential for managing ocular and orbital pathologies. Most methods for those measurements are by CT imaging, although MRI for soft tissue assessment is indicated in many cases, specifically pediatric patients. This study introduces a novel semiautomated MRI-based approach for depicting orbital shape and dimensions.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study.

Participants:
Patients with at least 1 normal orbit who underwent both CT and MRI imaging at a single center from 2015 to 2023.

Methods:
Orbital dimensions included volume, horizontal and vertical lengths, and depth. These were determined by manual segmentation followed by 3-dimensional image processing software.

Main Outcome Measures:
Differences in orbital measurements between MRI and CT scans.

Results:
Thirty-one patients (mean age 47.7 ± 23.8 years, 21 [67.7%]) females, were included. The mean differences in delta values between orbital measurements on CT versus MRI were: volume 0.03 ± 2.01 ml, horizontal length 0.53 ± 2.12 mm, vertical length, 0.36 ± 2.53 mm, and depth 0.97 ± 3.90 mm. The CT and. MRI orbital measurements were strongly correlated: volume (r = 0.92, p < 0.001), horizontal length (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), vertical length (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), and depth (r = 0.46, p = 0.009). The mean values of all measurements were similar on the paired-samples t test: p = 0.9 for volume (30.86 ± 5.04 ml on CT and 30.88 ± 4.92 ml on MRI), p = 0.2 for horizontal length, p = 0.4 for vertical length, and p = 0.2 for depth.

Conclusions:
We present an innovative semiautomated method capable of calculating orbital volume and demonstrating orbital contour by MRI validated against the gold standard CT-based measurements. This method can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating diverse orbital processes.
The Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire: Is It Possible to Predict a Satisfactory Result After Cosmetic Eyelid Surgery?
Authors: Devoto Martin H. , Díaz Ricci Andrés I. , Gasparini Cecilia 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
As oculofacial surgeons performing esthetic surgery, the most valuable result is a satisfied patient. It can be extremely frustrating to have an unhappy patient with, what we believe is, a satisfactory result. Therefore, the ability to predict satisfaction is of extreme importance. We studied our cosmetic eyelid surgery patients to try to find factors that can predict satisfaction.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied 454 consecutive patients, who underwent any combination of 7 cosmetic surgical procedures. Patients answered the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ) before surgery. We studied age, gender, type and number of procedures performed, DCQ score, presence of complications, and history of previous fillers. At the 3-month follow-up visit, patients were given an outcome report survey to graduate their surgical results on a scale from 1 to 5. Results were evaluated using a model of binary logistic regression in which the outcome variable was divided into 2 groups.

Results:
Three hundred eighty-six patients (85%) were female and the median age was 54.8 years old. The median for the number of procedures was 2 (range, 1–5). Two hundred two of the 454 patients (44.5%) had a history of fillers. Twenty-five patients had complications. DCQ score was significantly lower in the satisfied group (median score, 3) versus the unsatisfied group (median, 6), p = 0.007. In the multiple binary logistical model, the variables age, male gender, DCQ, presence of complications, and upper eyelid blepharoplasty resulted as significant.

Conclusions:
We found a significant positive association with upper lid blepharoplasty and a negative association with increasing age, male gender, occurrence of complications, and DCQ score, as predictors of patient satisfaction. We routinely administer the DCQ to all cosmetic patients: It is a brief, sensitive, and specific screening instrument for body dysmorphic disorder.
The sociocultural context of adolescent pain: portrayals of pain in popular adolescent media
Authors: Cormier Allison , Mueri Kendra , Pavlova Maria , Hood Anna , Li Queenie , Thurston Idia , Jordan Abbie , Noel Melanie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Research has consistently suggested that media consumption plays a vital role in children's socialization, including the socialization of painful experiences. Past research examining young children's popular media revealed worrisome trends in media depictions of pain; it consisted of narrow depictions of pain, gender stereotypes, and an overwhelming lack of empathy from observers, which could contribute to pain-related stigma. Research has not yet examined how pain is portrayed in adolescent media, despite adolescence being the developmental period when chronic pain often emerges. The current study extracted a cross-section of popular adolescent media selected based on popularity, including 10 movies and the first seasons of 6 TV shows. Pain instances were coded using 2 established observational coding schemes assessing sufferer pain characteristics and observer responses. Across 616 instances of pain, there was a preponderance of violence and injuries, whereas everyday, chronic-type, and medical/procedural pains were seldom represented. Individuals from marginalized (ie, gender diverse, girls) and minoritized groups (individuals with racialized identities) were underrepresented in pain instances. Furthermore, regardless of observed gender or “race,” observers displayed a lack of empathy for sufferers and rarely engaged in prosocial behaviors. Popular media may serve as an agent of socialization in adolescence; thus, pain depictions may be a powerful force in propagating pain-related stigma and inequities. An opportunity exists to harness popular media to adaptively and accurately portray pain to adolescents.
Characterizing the opioidergic mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation–induced analgesia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Ying , Sun Junfeng , Wu Chaomin , Ren Jinxuan , He Yanni , Sun Na , Huang Hao , Chen QunShan , Liu Dan , Huang Yangyuxin , Xu Feng , Yu Lina , Fitzgibbon Bernadette M. , Cash Robin F. H. , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Yan Min , Che Xianwei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising technology to reduce chronic pain. Investigating the mechanisms of rTMS analgesia holds the potential to improve treatment efficacy. Using a double-blind and placebo-controlled design at both stimulation and pharmacologic ends, this study investigated the opioidergic mechanisms of rTMS analgesia by abolishing and recovering analgesia in 2 separate stages across brain regions and TMS doses. A group of 45 healthy participants were equally randomized to the primary motor cortex (M1), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the Sham group. In each session, participants received an intravenous infusion of naloxone or saline before the first rTMS session. Participants then received a second dose of rTMS session after the drugs were metabolized at 90 minutes. M1-rTMS–induced analgesia was abolished by naloxone compared with saline and was recovered by the second rTMS run when naloxone was metabolized. In the DLPFC, double but not the first TMS session induced significant pain reduction in the saline condition, resulting in less pain compared with the naloxone condition. In addition, TMS over the M1 or DLPFC selectively increased plasma concentrations of β-endorphin or encephalin, respectively. Overall, we present causal evidence that opioidergic mechanisms are involved in both M1-induced and DLPFC-rTMS–induced analgesia; however, these are shaped by rTMS dosage and the release of different endogenous opioids.
Long-term survival outcomes of robotic total gastrectomy for locally advanced proximal gastric cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Zhong Qing , Tang Yi-Hui , Liu Zhi-Yu , Zhang Zhi-Quan , He Qi-Chen , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Wang Jia-Bin , Lin Jian-Xian , Lu Jun , Chen Qi-Yue , Zheng Chao-Hui , Huang Chang-Ming 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Robotic gastrectomy is a safe and feasible approach for gastric cancer (GC); however, its long-term oncological efficacy remains unclear. The authors evaluated the long-term survival outcomes and recurrence patterns of patients with locally advanced proximal GC who underwent robotic total gastrectomy (RTG).

Methods:
This prospective study (FUGES-014 study) enrolled 48 patients with locally advanced proximal GC who underwent RTG between March 2018 and February 2020 at a tertiary referral teaching hospital. Patients who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) in the FUGES-002 study were enrolled in a 2:1 ratio to compare the survival outcomes between RTG and LTG. The primary endpoint of the FUGES-014 study was postoperative 30-day morbidity and has been previously reported. Here, the authors reported the results of 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), 3-year overall survival (OS), and recurrence patterns.

Results:
After propensity score matching, 48 patients in the RTG and 96 patients in the LTG groups were included. The 3-year DFS rates were 77.1% (95% CI: 66.1–89.9%) for the RTG and 68.8% (95% CI: 60.1–78.7%) for the LTG groups (P=0.261). The 3-year OS rates were not significantly different between the groups (85.4 vs. 74.0%, P=0.122). Recurrence occurred in nine patients (18.8%) in the RTG and 27 (28.1%) patients in the LTG groups (P=0.234). Recurrence patterns and causes of death were similar between the groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
The oncological outcome of RTG was noninferior to that of LTG. Thus, RTG might be an alternative surgical treatment for locally advanced proximal GC.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury in living donor liver transplantation recipients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kwon Hye-Mee , Kang Sa-jin , Han Sang-Bin , Kim Jae Hwan , Kim Sung-Hoon , Jun In-Gu , Song Jun-Gol , Hwang Gyu-Sam 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) that has great impact on recipient and graft outcomes. Dexmedetomidine is reported to decrease the incidence of AKI. In the current study, the authors investigated whether intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion would reduce the AKI following LDLT.

Material and methods:
In total, 205 adult patients undergoing elective LDLT were randomly assigned to the dexmedetomidine group (n=103) or the control group (n=102). Dexmedetomidine group received continuous dexmedetomidine infusion at a rate of 0.4 mcg/kg/h after the anesthesia induction until 2 h after graft reperfusion. The primary outcome was to compare the incidence of AKI. Secondary outcomes included serial lactate levels during surgery, chronic kidney disease, major adverse cardiovascular events, early allograft dysfunction, graft failure, overall mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit, and hospital length of stay. Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters were also collected.

Results:
Of 205 recipients, 42.4% (n=87) developed AKI. The incidence of AKI was lower in the dexmedetomidine group (35.0%, n=36/103) compared with the control (50.0%, n=51/102) (P=0.042). There were significantly lower lactate levels in the dexmedetomidine group after reperfusion [4.39 (3.99–4.8) vs 5.02 (4.62–5.42), P=0.031] until the end of surgery [4.23 (3.73–4.74) vs 5.35 (4.84–5.85), P=0.002]. There were no significant differences in the other secondary outcomes besides lactate. Also, intraoperative mean blood pressure, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance did not show any difference.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that intraoperative dexmedetomidine administration was associated with significantly decreased AKI incidence and lower intraoperative serum lactate levels in LDLT recipients, without untoward hemodynamic effects.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of prostate cancer incidentally discovered at the time of radical cystoprostatectomy: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Wu Kan , Liu Xu , Tang Yaxiong , Wang Xianding , Li Xiang 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with concomitant bladder cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) using a large population-based database.

Methods:
Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000–2019), the authors identified patient with concomitant PCa at the time of radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP). Logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were employed to identify risk factors and mitigate confounders, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to estimate cancer-specific survival (CSS).

Results:
A total of 14 199 BCa patients undergoing RCP were identified, with 28.8% incidentally discovered to have concurrent PCa. Among them, 89.9% exhibited organ-confined (T1-2) PCa. An increased risk of concomitant tumors was observed among older age, white race, and high tumor grade of BCa. Survival analysis revealed no significant difference in CSS between patients with BCa alone and those with concurrent PCa (5-year CSS rate: 71.3 vs. 67.2%, P=0.076). Subgroup analysis and multivariable analysis, however, indicated that concurrent high-risk PCa adversely impacted survival (5-year CSS rate: 71.3 vs. 63.4%, HR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.58, P=0.038) compared to solitary BCa. Notably, the presence of low/intermediate-risk PCa did not affect survival outcomes (P=0.584).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, incidentally discovered PCa in RCP specimens is frequent and characterized by organ-confined presentation, lower PSA levels, and Gleason scores. Patients with concurrent high-risk PCa have a worse prognosis compared to those with solitary BCa, while the presence of low/intermediate-risk PCa does not influence oncological prognosis.
Prognostic factors for resected cases with gallbladder carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lv Tian-Run , Wang Jun-Ke , Li Fu-Yu , Hu Hai-Jie 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
Current meta-analysis was performed to systematically evaluate the potential prognostic factors for overall survival among resected cases with gallbladder carcinoma.

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically retrieved and hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval were directly extracted from the original study or roughly estimated via Tierney’s method. Standard Parmar modifications were used to determine pooled HRs.

Results:
A total of 36 studies with 11 502 cases were identified. Pooled results of univariate analyses indicated that advanced age (HR=1.02, P=0.00020), concurrent gallstone disease (HR=1.22, P=0.00200), elevated preoperative CA199 level (HR=1.93, P<0.00001), advanced T stage (HR=3.09, P<0.00001), lymph node metastasis (HR=2.78, P<0.00001), peri-neural invasion (HR=2.20, P<0.00001), lymph-vascular invasion (HR=2.37, P<0.00001), vascular invasion (HR=2.28, P<0.00001), poorly differentiated tumor (HR=3.22, P<0.00001), hepatic side tumor (HR=1.85, P<0.00001), proximal tumor (neck/cystic duct) (HR=1.78, P<0.00001), combined bile duct resection (HR=1.45, P<0.00001), and positive surgical margin (HR=2.90, P<0.00001) were well-established prognostic factors. Pathological subtypes (P=0.53000) and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.70000) were not prognostic factors. Pooled results of multivariate analyses indicated that age, gallstone disease, preoperative CA199, T stage, lymph node metastasis, peri-neural invasion, lymph-vascular invasion, tumor differentiation status, tumor location (peritoneal side vs hepatic side), surgical margin, combined bile duct resection, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusion:
Various prognostic factors have been identified beyond the 8th AJCC staging system. By incorporating these factors into a prognostic model, a more individualized prognostication and treatment regime would be developed. Upcoming multinational studies are required for the further refine and validation.
Fear of Recurrence Among Lung Cancer Survivors
Authors: Chen Qiuhong , Weng Yunqin , Wang Fangfang , Yang Xiaoyan , Chen Wei-Ti , Huang Feifei 
Published: March 2024

Background
Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) significantly impacts the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer survivors. However, the mechanisms and factors contributing to FCR and its related consequences in lung cancer remain poorly understood.

Objective
To evaluate the validity of the Lee-Jones Theoretical Model of FCR in lung cancer survivors.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 257 lung cancer survivors who had undergone surgical treatment 1 year prior. The participants completed a comprehensive set of questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test the proposed model.

Results
The analysis confirmed direct relationships between family resilience, coping behaviors, illness perceptions, FCR triggers, and FCR. Fear of cancer recurrence was also found to have a direct negative impact on quality of life (QOL). Furthermore, levels of family resilience, coping behaviors, illness perceptions, and FCR triggers indirectly influenced QOL through their association with FCR.

Conclusions
This study provides partial support for the validity of the Lee-Jones Theoretical Model of FCR in lung cancer survivors. The findings contribute to a better understanding of FCR in this population and lay the groundwork for targeted interventions. Effective strategies to reduce FCR in lung cancer survivors should focus on enhancing family resilience, improving disease cognition, minimizing FCR triggers, and guiding patients toward adopting positive coping styles, ultimately improving their QOL.

Implications for Practice
Fear of cancer recurrence plays a vital role in relationships between internal and external cues and QOL. We can construct interventions to enhance the QOL of survivors based on the FCR influencing factors.