bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nerve Sheath Myxoma of the Gingiva: Report of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Prado José D. , Andrade Rodrigo G. , Silva‐Sousa Yara T.C. , Andrade Marília F. , Soares Fernando A. , Perez Danyel E.C. 
Published: August 2007

Background: Nerve sheath myxoma (NSM) is an extremely rare benign neoplasm in the oral cavity. This paper describes the first case, to our knowledge, of NSM in the gingival mucosa of an 84‐year‐old female patient.Methods: Intraoral examination revealed a painless and well‐defined nodule in the lingual gingival mucosa of the right mandibular lateral incisor, which measured ∼1.0 cm in diameter. The lesion was fully excised under local anesthesia, without intercurrences. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed in 5‐μm sections for histopathologic analysis. Immunohistochemical reactions against vimentin and S‐100 protein were carried out in 3‐μm histologic sections in accordance with manufacturers' instructions.Results: The patient's medical history and an extraoral exam did not reveal other abnormalities. The patient wore a removable partial denture in the affected area. A trauma‐induced gingival hyperplasia was the main diagnostic hypothesis. Microscopically, the lesion was composed of an abundant myxoid matrix and stellated and spindle‐shaped cells arranged in lobules separated by fine fibrous septa. The cells presented strong positivity for vimentin and S‐100 protein. According to the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, the diagnosis of NSM was established. After 9 months of treatment, no signs or symptoms of recurrences have been observed.Conclusion: Although NSM is an extremely rare oral tumor, it should be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis of gingival nodules.
Microbiota of Exposed Root Surfaces After Fluoride, Chlorhexidine, and Periodontal Maintenance Therapy: A 3‐Year Evaluation
Authors: Bizhang Mozhgan , Chun Yong‐Hee P. , Heisrath Doreen , Purucker Peter , Singh Preeti , Kersten Thomas , Zimmer Stefan 
Published: August 2007

Background: Fluoride and chlorhexidine (CHX) are state‐of‐the‐art preventive measures for remineralizing teeth and for preventing plaque accumulation. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of fluoride and CHX varnishes on root caries and microbiota located on root surfaces.Methods: Thirty‐three patients from a periodontal maintenance program, having at least one tooth with gingival recession in each quadrant, participated in this study. One tooth per quadrant was assigned randomly to the control group or to one of the test groups that were treated with fluoride varnish, 1% CHX, or 40% CHX. The varnish treatment and the tooth cleaning were repeated every 3 months. Clinical examinations were performed at baseline and once a year for 3 years. Caries status and oral hygiene indices were evaluated clinically. The total cultivable microbiota and percentage of Mutans streptococci (MS), Actinomyces (ACC), and lactobacilli (LB) were analyzed.Results: Oral hygiene was improved greatly during the course of the study. The percentage of MS, ACC, and LB of the total cultivable microbiota revealed a statistically significant reduction between baseline and final examination for each of the four groups.Conclusion: Professional tooth cleaning alone at 3‐month intervals might be as effective in reducing MS, ACC, and LB as adjunctive treatment with fluoride or chlorhexidine.
Gingival Concentrations of Interleukin‐23 and ‐17 at Healthy Sites and at Sites of Clinical Attachment Loss
Authors: Lester S. Reid , Bain Jennifer L. , Johnson Roger B. , Serio Francis G. 
Published: August 2007

Background: The presence of interleukin (IL)‐23 has not been reported within inflamed gingiva, so we evaluated its concentration within gingiva from normal sites and sites of chronic periodontal disease.Methods: Gingiva was obtained prior to extraction of teeth. It was grouped based on clinical attachment loss (CAL): 0 to 2 mm (normal‐slight), 3 to 4 mm (moderate), and >‐ mm (severe). Tissues were solubilized, and IL‐12, ‐23, ‐6, ‐17, and ‐1β; interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ); and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) concentrations were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were compared by factorial analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation test. Groups were defined as significantly different when P <0.05.Results: The gingival concentrations of IL‐23, ‐17, ‐1β, and ‐6 and IFN‐γ were significantly greater at moderate CAL sites than at normal‐slight CAL sites. Gingival concentrations of IL‐23, ‐1β, ‐17, and ‐6 and TNF‐α were significantly greater at severe CAL sites than at normal‐slight CAL sites. In addition, the gingival concentrations of IL‐23, ‐17, and ‐6 and TNF‐α were significantly greater and the gingival concentrations of IL‐12 and IFN‐γ were significantly lower at severe CAL sites than at moderate CAL sites. Gingival concentrations of IL‐23, ‐17, ‐6, and ‐1β and TNF‐α correlated positively with CAL. The IL‐23 gingival concentration correlated significantly with IL‐17, ‐1β, and ‐6 and TNF‐α concentrations and correlated negatively with IL‐12 and IFN‐γ concentrations.Conclusions: Our results suggested the possibility that the IL‐23/IL‐17 immune response was present within chronically inflamed gingiva. This is a host response that had not been reported previously in periodontal disease and may be an important factor in the chronic nature of the disease.
Bilateral Mandibular Infected Buccal Cyst: A New Image
Authors: Gallego L. , Baladrón J. , Junquera L. 
Published: August 2007

Background: The mandibular infected buccal cyst is an uncommon lesion associated with the permanent mandibular first or second molar in children just prior to tooth eruption. The World Health Organization includes this lesion under the category of paradental cyst and suggests the term “mandibular infected buccal cyst” (MIBC) for lesions that occur on the buccal surface of the permanent mandibular first molar in children ∼6 to 8 years of age. We present the case of a patient with bilateral mandibular cyst affecting the second molars of an 8‐year‐old boy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of bilateral MIBC published with a three‐dimensional model made using an interactive three‐dimensional (3D) implant planning system.Methods: An 8‐year‐old boy presented with swelling over the buccal gingiva of his lower left first molar. He complained of pain on chewing. Clinical examination revealed a 10‐mm, firm, round swelling buccal to the lower left first molar. Computed tomography with multiplanar reconstruction of the jaws showed well‐defined bilateral ovoid radiolucencies at the apices of the lower left first molar and the lower right first molar. A three‐dimensional study was made using the interactive 3D implant planning system showing the presence of the cyst and its relation with the molar and the dental nerve. The treatment was to enucleate the left cyst and maintain the involved tooth.Results: The histopathologic diagnosis of the lesion was an MIBC.Conclusion: The objective of the present study is to 1) familiarize dentists and oral surgeons with the entity of the MIBC; 2) show new image techniques for the diagnosis; and 3) emphasize the appropriate treatment approach.
Decreased Interleukin‐1β and Elastase in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Individuals Undergoing Anti‐Inflammatory Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Miranda Letícia A. , Islabão Alexandre G. , Fischer Ricardo G. , Figueredo Carlos M.S. , Oppermann Rui V. , Gustafsson Anders 
Published: August 2007

Background: The primary aim of this study was to compare the inflammatory activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a group of matched controls. Secondarily, we aimed to evaluate the effect of rheumatologic treatment on periodontal inflammation.Methods: Seventeen individuals with RA with a mean duration of disease of 12.1 (± 9.9) years and the same number of systemically healthy individuals matched for age, gender, periodontal status, and tobacco use were selected. Medication data were registered, and GCF was collected by means of an intracrevicular washing method. Besides clinical registrations, periodontal inflammation was assessed by analysis of the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and ‐18 and of elastase activity.Results: Amounts of IL‐1β and total elastase were significantly lower in the patient group. IL‐1β and total elastase had a significant and strong correlation in the RA group (rs = 0.883). This correlation was not observed in the control group.Conclusion: The anti‐inflammatory treatment taken by RA patients might influence the periodontal inflammation status represented by IL‐1β and elastase in the GCF.
The Effect of Aspirin on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Inflammatory and Anti‐Inflammatory Mediators in Patients With Gingivitis
Authors: Kim David M. , Koszeghy Kristian L. , Badovinac Rachel L. , Kawai Toshihisa , Hosokawa Ikuko , Howell T. Howard , Karimbux Nadeem Y. 
Published: August 2007

Background: Inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory mediators may play a significant role in patients with gingivitis. The purpose of this study was to assess the short‐term effects of the systemic administration of two different concentrations of aspirin (81 and 32‐ mg/day, by mouth) on clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of 15‐epi‐lipoxin A4 (15‐epi‐LXA4), lipoxin A4, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin (IL)‐6 and ‐1β in a sample of naturally occurring gingivitis patients.Methods: At day 0, after initial screening for entry, baseline periodontal parameters, including bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depths (PDs), and plaque index (PI) were measured, and GCF was sampled from 12 intrasulcular sites with filter paper strips for the measurement of six types of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory mediators using competitive enzyme immunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (prevalues). Forty‐seven subjects were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups: placebo (15 subjects); aspirin, 81 mg (16 subjects); and aspirin, 325 mg (16 subjects) once daily. On day 7, subjects were recalled for the measurement of periodontal parameters and collection of GCF samples for the measurement of six types of mediators (postvalues).Results: Changes in inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory mediator levels were not statistically significant for any of the three treatment groups. However, when pre‐ and postvalues were compared in the subjects receiving aspirin, 32‐ mg, there was a negative trend in the relationship between 15‐epi‐LXA4 and PGE2, whereas the relationship between LTB4 and PGE2 was not as strong. This might indicate that the subjects responding to aspirin‐mediated PGE2 suppression effects produced higher 15‐epi‐LXA4 in GCF than non‐responders. No statistically significant differences in PD and PI between pre‐ and postvalues were found for any of the three treatment groups. However, the results demonstrated a significant increase in BOP when aspirin, 325 mg was compared to placebo (P <0.001) and aspirin, 81 mg (P = 0.001).Conclusions: Aspirin can have an affect on BOP in naturally occurring gingivitis patients. Although most of the inflammatory mediators did not show significantly detectable changes after aspirin treatment for 7 days, the trend of aspirin‐associated increases of 15‐epi‐LXA4 implied that this recently discovered aspirin‐dependent eicosanoid may be associated with the increased incidence of BOP observed in the subjects who received aspirin therapy.
“Gray Murder”: Characteristics of Elderly Compared With Nonelderly Homicide Victims in New York City
Authors: Abrams Robert C. , Leon Andrew C. , Tardiff Kenneth , Marzuk Peter M. , Sutherland Kari 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We compared characteristics of homicides among New York City residents aged 18 years and older from 1990 to 1998 to determine differences in demographics, cause and place of death, and presence of illicit drugs and alcohol in the deceased’s system. Methods. All medical examiner–certified homicides among New York City residents aged 18 years and older from 1990 to 1998 were studied (n = 11 850). Nonelderly (aged 18 to 64 years) and elderly (aged 65 years and older) victims were compared by gender, race/ethnicity, cause of death, place of death, and presence of illicit drugs or alcohol. Population-based homicide rates stratified by age, gender, and race were also calculated. Results. Nonelderly homicide victims were significantly more likely to be male, non-White, to have been shot in the city streets, and to have evidence of illicit drug or alcohol use. Elderly victims were more likely to be female, White, to have been killed by nonfirearm injuries, and to have been killed in their own homes. The gender and race differences between age groups remained but were attenuated when population-based rates were compared. Conclusions. The characteristics of homicide in nonelderly adults do not apply to elderly adults in New York City. Demographic factors and vulnerabilities of the elderly may underlie these differences, pointing to the need for oversight of isolated or homebound elderly persons and for protective interventions.
Delay of First Treatment of Mental and Substance Use Disorders in Mexico
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Wang Philip S. , Medina-Mora Maria Elena , Lara Carmen , Chiu Wai Tat 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We studied failure and delay in making initial treatment contact after the first onset of a mental or substance use disorder in Mexico as a first step to understanding barriers to providing effective treatment in Mexico. Methods. Data were from the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (2001–2002), a representative, face-to-face household survey of urban residents aged 18 to 65 years. The age of onset for disorders was compared with the age of first professional treatment contact for each lifetime disorder (as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition). Results. Many people with lifetime disorders eventually made treatment contact, although the proportions varied for mood (69.9%), anxiety (53.2%), and substance use (22.1%) disorders. Delays were long: 10 years for substance use disorders, 14 years for mood disorders, and 30 years for anxiety disorders. Failure and delay in making initial treatment contact were associated with earlier ages of disorder onset and being in older cohorts. Conclusions. Failure to make prompt initial treatment contact is an important reason explaining why there are unmet needs for mental health care in Mexico. Meeting these needs will likely require expansion and optimal allocation of resources as well as other interventions.
Reducing Road Traffic Injuries: Effectiveness of Speed Cameras in an Urban Setting
Authors: Pérez Katherine , Marí-Dell’Olmo Marc , Tobias Aurelio , Borrell Carme 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of speed cameras on Barcelona’s beltway in reducing the numbers of road collisions and injuries and the number of vehicles involved in collisions. Methods. We designed a time-series study with a comparison group to assess the effects of the speed cameras. The “intervention group” was the beltway, and the comparison group consisted of arterial roads on which no fixed speed cameras had been installed. The outcome measures were number of road collisions, number of people injured, and number of vehicles involved in collisions. We fit the data to Poisson regression models that were adjusted according to trends and seasonality. Results. The relative risk (RR) of a road collision occurring on the beltway after (vs before) installation of speed cameras was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.63, 0.85). This protective effect was greater during weekend periods. No differences were observed for arterial roads (RR=0.99; 95% CI=0.90, 1.10). Attributable fraction estimates for the 2 years of the study intervention showed 364 collisions prevented, 507 fewer people injured, and 789 fewer vehicles involved in collisions. Conclusions. Speed cameras installed in an urban setting are effective in reducing the numbers of road collisions and, consequently, the numbers of injured people and vehicles involved in collisions.
Indoor Risk Factors for Cough and Their Relation to Wheeze and Sensitization in Chilean Young Adults
Authors: Potts James F. , Rona Roberto J. , Oyarzun Manuel J. , Amigo Hugo , Bustos Patricia 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We assessed the effects of indoor risk factors, including smoking, on different types of cough and on cough and wheeze in combination.Methods. Our sample was composed of 1232 men and women residing in a semirural area of Chile. We used a standardized questionnaire, sensitization to 8 allergens, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine to assess cough and wheeze characteristics. Information was gathered on dampness, mold, ventilation, heating, housing quality, smoking, and environmental tobacco smoke exposure.Results. Most exposures were associated with cough alone or cough in combination with wheeze. Smoking, past smoking, and environmental tobacco smoke exposure were strongly associated with dry cough and wheeze. The use of coal for heating was associated with dry cough. Leaks, mold, and lack of kitchen ventilation were associated with cough and wheeze. Nocturnal cough and productive cough were associated with specific types of sensitization, but dry cough was not. Productive cough was associated with hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.Conclusions. Several different types of indoor exposures, including environmental tobacco smoke exposure, are important contributors to morbidity associated with cough and wheeze. A vigorous preventive strategy designed to lower exposures to indoor risk factors would lower rates of respiratory morbidity.
Improving Disclosure and Consent
Authors: Brody Julia Green , Morello-Frosch Rachel , Brown Phil , Rudel Ruthann A. , Altman Rebecca Gasior , Frye Margaret , Osimo Cheryl A. , Pérez Carla , Seryak Liesel M. 
Published: August 2007

The recent flood of research concerning pollutants in personal environmental and biological samples—blood, urine, breastmilk, household dust and air, umbilical cord blood, and other media—raises questions about whether and how to report results to individual study participants. Clinical medicine provides an expert-driven framework, whereas community-based participatory research emphasizes participants’ right to know and the potential to inform action even when health effects are uncertain. Activist efforts offer other models. We consider ethical issues involved in the decision to report individual results in exposure studies and what information should be included. Our discussion is informed by our experience with 120 women in a study of 89 pollutants in homes and by interviews with other researchers and institutional review board staff.
Facilitation of Risk Communication During the Anthrax Attacks of 2001: The Organizational Backstory
Authors: Chess Caron , Clarke Lee 
Published: August 2007

The anthrax attacks of 2001 created risk communication problems that cannot be fully understood without appreciating the dynamics among organizations. Case studies of communication in New Jersey, consisting of interviews with a range of participants, found that existing organizational and professional networks facilitated trust among decisionmakers. This interpersonal trust improved communication among agencies and thereby risk communication with the public. For example, “white powder scares” were a problem even in places without contamination. Professionals’ trust in each other was vital for responding productively. Conversely, organizational challenges, including conflict among agencies, hindered communication with key audiences. Although centralization and increased control are often seen as the remedy for communicative confusion, they also can quash the improvisational responses needed during crises.
The Sequoyah Corporation Fuels Release and the Church Rock Spill: Unpublicized Nuclear Releases in American Indian Communities
Authors: Brugge Doug , deLemos Jamie L. , Bui Cat 
Published: August 2007

The Three Mile Island nuclear release exemplifies why there is public and policy interest in the high-technology, highly visible end of the nuclear cycle. The environmental and health consequences of the early steps in the cycle—mining, milling, and processing of uranium ore—may be less appreciated. We examined 2 large unintended acute releases of uranium—at Kerr McGee’s Sequoyah Fuels Corporation in Oklahoma and United Nuclear Corporation’s Church Rock uranium mill in New Mexico, which were incidents with comparable magnitude to the Three Mile Island release. We urge exploration of whether there is limited national interest and concern for the primarily rural, low-income, and American Indian communities affected by these releases. More attention should be given to the early stages of the nuclear cycle and their impacts on health and the environment.
Mutant-prevention concentrations of enrofloxacin for Escherichia coli isolates from chickens
Authors: Li Qianxue , Bi Xingming , Diao Youjiang , Deng Xuming 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the development of enrofloxacin resistance among Escherichia coli isolates obtained from chickens by determining mutant-prevention concentrations (MPCs) and sequence the quinolone resistance–determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC genes in selected isolates.
Sample Population—15 chicken-derived E coli isolates.
Procedures—For all isolates, MPC and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of enrofloxacin were determined. The MPCs and maximum serum drug concentrations attained with enrofloxacin doses recommended for treatment of E coli infections in chickens were compared. Mutation frequencies and QRDR sequence changes in gyrA and parC were also determined.
Results—In 2 of 15 E coli strains, MPCs were low (0.016 and 0.062 μg/mL), MPC:MIC ratios were 2 and 4, and the GyrA and ParC proteins had no mutations. In 9 susceptible isolates with a GyrA point mutation, MPCs ranged from 2 to 16 μg/mL. For isolates with double mutations in GyrA and a single mutation in ParC, MPCs were > 32 μg/mL (several fold greater than the maximal plasma concentration of enrofloxacin in chickens); mutation frequencies were also much lower, compared with frequencies for single-mutation isolates.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For E coli infections of chickens, MPC appears to be useful for determining enrofloxacin-dosing strategies. The high MPC:MIC ratio may result in enrofloxacin-treatment failure in chickens infected with some wild-type gyrA E coli isolates despite the isolates' enrofloxacin susceptibility (MICs 0.125 to 1 μg/mL). For infections involving isolates with high MPCs, especially those containing mutations in gyrA and parC genes, treatment with combinations of antimicrobials should be adopted.