bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structures and Spectral Properties of Some Bis(β-diketonato)copper(II)Diazole Complexes. I. The 1:4 and 1:1 Adducts of Bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)copper(II) and 3-Methyl-1H-pyrazole
Authors: Kogane Tamizo , Ishii Minoru , Harada Kazumasa , Hirota Reiko , Nakahara Masayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cu(hfac)2(5-Hmpz)4 (1) and Cu(hfac)2(5-Hmpz) (2) (Hhfac=1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione; 5-Hmpz=5-methyl-1H-pyrazole) have been prepared by the stoichiometric reactions of Cu(hfac)2 with 3-methyl-1H-pyrazole in petroleum ether. The structures of 1 and 2 have been determined by X-ray analyses. Crystal data for 1: triclinic, P\bar1, a=9.531(1), b=10.286(2), c=8.891(2) Å, α=95.85(2), β=95.52(2), γ=85.41(1)°, V=860.9(3) Å3, Z=1, and R=0.061. Crystal data for 2: triclinic, P\bar1, a=9.647(6), b=12.075(9), c=9.130(5) Å, α=107.43(5), β=99.30(5), γ=87.20(6)°, V=1001.3(12) Å3, Z=2, and R=0.064. In 1, the geometry about each copper atom is approximately that of a tetragonal bipyramid, with four nitrogen atoms from 5-Hmpz molecules in the equatorial plane and two oxygen atoms from each hfac ligand in the axial positions. Each of the uncoordinated oxygen atoms of hfac ligands is intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded with two imino groups of adjacent 5-Hmpz molecules. In IR spectra, the split bands of νC–O were observed at 1648 and 1659 cm−1. In 2, each copper atom is approximately in an environment of a tetragonal pyramid, with an oxygen atom from a hfac ligand at the apex and a nitrogen atom from a 5-Hmpz molecule in the basal plane. The copper atom is located slightly above the plane. The split bands of νC–O were observed at 1644, 1662, 1669 cm−1. An interpretation of the observed IR spectral bands is proposed.
Selective Fluorimetric Determination of Trace Amounts of Cobalt(II) with the System of Fluorescein–Hydrogen Peroxide–Tiron
Authors: Mori Itsuo , Fujita Yoshikazu , Nakahashi Yoshihiro , Ikuta Kinuko , Kato Keiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The decomposition reactions of fluorescein (Fl) or its halo derivatives in the basic region were systematically investigated in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide and/or a metal ion such as cobalt(II) and/or catalytic agent such as tiron as an activator. Moreover, a highly selective spectrophotofluorimetric method for the determination of trace amounts of cobalt(II) was established by measuring the difference in relative fluorescence intensities (ΔF) between Fl–tiron–hydrogen peroxide and Fl–tiron–hydrogen peroxide-cobalt(II) solutions at an emission wavelength of 510 nm, with an excitation wavelength of 490 nm (the calibration graph was linear in the range of 0–6 ng cobalt(II) per 25 cm3). The applications to the assay of cobalt in cyanocobalamine (vitamin B12) preparations and its eye drops were also investigated, the results were relatively good.
Substituent Group Electronic Effects on Inversion and Proton-Exchange Rates at Chiral Nitrogen Centers for a Series of Bis(β-diketonato)(N-methylethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Ma Guilin , Kojima Masaaki , Fujita Junnosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of the base-catalyzed proton exchange (deuteration, kD) and inversion (epimerization, kep) at chiral nitrogen centers of [Co(Xacac)2(Me-en)]+ (Xacac: NO2acac=3-nitro-2,4-pentanedionate, Clacac=3-chloro-2,4-pentanedionate, CH3acac=3-methyl-2,4-pentanedionate; Me-en=N-methylethylenediamine) in aqueous solutions have been measured at 34.0 °C, and the results were compared with one another and with those of the corresponding acac complex (acac=2,4-pentanedionate) in order to investigate the substituent influence on the rates. The kD and kep values of the NO2acac complex are ca. 104 and ca. 106 times, respectively, larger than those of the CH3acac complex. The effect of substituents is electronic and the Hammett relationship was found to hold for both deuteration and epimerization rates. The reduction (Co3+/Co2+) half-wave potential, E1⁄2 obtained by rotating glassy carbon electrode voltammetry increases from −0.59 V (vs. SCE) for the CH3acac complex to −0.08 V for the NO2acac complex. A linear dependence was observed between E1⁄2 and the Hammett parameter.
Use of Polyoxetane Resin-Supported Quaternary Onium Salts as a Polymeric Phase-Transfer Catalyst for Preparing Ethers from Hydroxy Compounds and Alkyl Halides
Authors: Motoi Masatoshi , Shimamura Katsuhiko , Shimamura Chikako , Muramoto Satoru , Kanoh Shigeyoshi , Suda Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As a polymer support for preparing polymeric phase-transfer catalysts (PTC), soft, moderately polar polyoxetane resins were employed which were synthesized by a cationic ring-opening copolymerization of oxetanes Br(CH2)nOCH2–X with bisoxetanes X–CH2O(CH2)nOCH2–X, where X=3-methyl-3-oxetanyl and n=4 or 6. In a few cases of those polymerizations, 3-(2-oxadecyl)-3-methyloxetane was used as a comonomer with a lipophilic pendant. The terminal bromine of the pendant groups of such polyoxetane resins was quaternized with tributylamine or tributylphosphine in DMF in order to examine the phase-transfer catalyzing ability of the resultant quaternary onium bromides in the etherification reaction between alkyl halides and alcohols or phenols. These reactions gave the desired products in fairly good yields within reaction periods of 1–3 h, indicating that the catalytic activities of those PTCs are comparable to that of tetrabutylammonium bromide. A fairly high catalytic activity of the polymeric PTC was observed at each of ten stages in a process using the polymeric PTC repeatedly for the etherification reaction of 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methyloxetane with 1,4-dibromobutane.
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides by Using New Polymer-Supported Reagents Containing Hemin
Authors: Saito Kiyoshi , Harada Kaoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new polymer reagent consisting of hemin, divinylbenzene, and 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine was synthesized by suspension copolymerization. Substitution reactions of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides with the hemin copolymer combined with cyanide, azide, and thiocyanate ions were given satisfactory yields. This reaction mechanism was revealed to be a SNi type on the basis of stereochemical study. The hemin copolymer was not only a polymer-supported reagent with functional capabilities, but also served to separate the product from the reaction mixture.
Polymerization of Amino Acids in Liposomal Membrane under Reduced Pressure and Normal Pressure
Authors: Shibata Akira , Yamashita Sinsuke , Ueno Satoru , Yamashita Takuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Incorporation of polypeptides with hydrophobic side groups into lipid bilayers was achieved by the polymerization of N-carboxy anhydrides of γ-dodecyl l-glutamate and of γ-benzyl d-glutamate in DMPC liposomal membrane under reduced pressure and normal pressure. The effects of polypeptide conformations on the barrier properties of liposomal membrane incorporating polypeptide were examined. There was little difference in the trapping volume when liposomes prepared under reduced pressure and normal pressure were compared. The incorporation of polypeptides into the membrane bilayer had a tendency to decrease the volume trapping efficiencies. It was found that in the membrane-free aqueous phase, polymerization of N-carboxy amino acid anhydrides promoted formation of β-structure and in the membrane bilayer formation of α-helix structure was enhanced. The content of α-helical polypeptide was maximum for liposomes prepared under reduced pressure. The activation energies for water permeation across the liposomal membrane were lowered by the incorporation of polypeptdes into the membrane bilayer. The incorporation of α-helical polypeptide was more ceffective than that of β-structured one for the lowering of activation energies. The permeability barrier properties of liposomal membrane were larger for liposome incorporating poly(γ-dodecyl l-glutamate) (PDOLG) than for liposome incorporating poly(γ-benzyl d-glutamate)(PBDG). This seems to be due to a difference in miscibilities with lipid in the membrane bilayer.
Addition of 9-Diazofluorene to Unsubstituted and Chloro-Substituted 1,4-Benzoquinones. A Comparison with the Addition of Diphenyldiazomethane
Authors: Oshima Takumi , Nagai Toshikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Unsubstituted 1,4-benzoquinone (1a) reacted at the C=C double bond with 9-diazofluorene (9-DF) to give norcarene dione 2a and 4,7-dihydroxy-3H-indazole 4a. Similarly, the reaction of 2-chloro-1,4-benzoquinone (1b) with 9-DF yielded norcarene dione 2b and 4,7-dihydroxy-3H-indazole 4b, together with tricyclic dione 3b. 2,3-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (1c) and 9-DF produced norcarene dione 2c, 4,7-dihydroxy-3H-indazole 4c, and its fluorenyl ether 5c. Reactions of 2,5- and 2,6-dichloro- and trichloro-1,4-benzoquinones (1d, 1e, and 1f) with 9-DF provided norcarene diones 2d, 2e, and 2f and tricyclic diones 3d and 3e, respectively. On the other hand, tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (1g) converted 9-DF into 9,9′-bifluorenylidene possibly via a 1:1 betaine intermediate arising from the C=O double bond addition. These results were markedly different from those of the previous diphenyldiazomethane reactions and are discussed in terms of structural changes of these diazoalkanes.
Oxidation Using Quaternary Ammonium Polyhalides. III. An Effective Oxidation of Alcohols and Ethers by the Use of Benzyltrimethylammonium Tribromide
Authors: Kajigaeshi Shoji , Kawamukai Hiroshi , Fujisaki Shizuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of primary alcohols or simple ethers and α,ω-diols or cyclic ethers with a stoichiometric amount of benzyltrimethylammonium tribromide (BTMA Br3) in carbon tetrachloride in the presence of Na2HPO4 aq or in acetic acid in the presence of CH3CO2Na aq at 60–70 °C gave dimeric esters and lactones respectively in good yields. The reaction of secondary alcohols with 1 equiv of BTMA Br3 in the presence of a buffer at 60 °C gave ketones.
Syntheses of Cholesta-5,7-diene-3β,25-diol and Cholesta-5,7-diene-1α,3β,25-triol
Authors: Tachibana Yoji , Yokoyama Shinji , Tsuji Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Adducts of 3β-acetoxy- and 1α,3β-diacetoxy-23,24-dinorchola-5,7-dien-22-al (7 and 14) with 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione prepared by the ozonolysis of the corresponding adducts of ergosteryl acetate and 1α-acetoxyergosteryl acetate were transformed into 22-bromo-3β-tetrahydropyranyloxy- and 22-iodo-1α,3β-bis(tetrahydropyranyloxy)-23,24-dinorchola-5,7-diene (11 and 26). The halide derivatives (11 and 26) were coupled with 2-methyl-4-phenylsulfonyl-2-(tetrahydropyranyloxy)butane (6) to afford 23-phenylsulfonyl-3β,25-bis(tetrahydropyranyloxy)- and 23-phenylsulfonyl-1α,3β,25-tris(tetrahydropyranyloxy)cholesta-5,7-diene (12 and 27). The reductive desulfonylation and deprotection of the tetrahydropyranyl group of 12 and 27 provided the title compounds, cholesta-5,7-diene-3β,25-diol (1) and cholesta-5,7-diene-1α,3β,25-triol (2).
Preparation of 3,6-Disubstituted Pyridazines from 3-Thiapentane-1,5-diones via 2,7-Dihydro-1,4,5-thiadiazepines
Authors: Nakayama Juzo , Konishi Toru , Ishii Akihiko , Hoshino Masamatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A series of 3-thiapentane-1,5-diones condense with hydrazine in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid in refluxing ethanol to give 2,7-dihydro-1,4,5-thiadiazepines in excellent yields. Thermal decomposition of the latter compounds in refluxing diethylene glycol affords the corresponding pyridazines in high yields with evolution of hydrogen sulfide. The above procedure is generally applicable to the preparation of a wide variety of 3,6-disubstituted pyridazines which are of structural interest and otherwise difficult to prepare.
Catalytic Oxygenation of Benzene. Catalyst Design and Its Performance
Authors: Kunai Atsutaka , Wani Takayuki , Uehara Yasushi , Iwasaki Fumiaki , Kuroda Yasushi , Ito Sotaro , Sasaki Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A catalyst system for oxygenation reaction of benzene has been discussed. The catalyst system is composed of Pd and Cu species and operates in neat benzene under ambient conditions by feeding hydrogen and oxygen to the system. By selecting the reaction conditions properly, either phenol or benzoquinone is obtained as the major product.
Total Synthesis of Erythronolide A
Authors: Nakata Masaya , Arai Masayuki , Tomooka Katsuhiko , Ohsawa Naoki , Kinoshita Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The enantiospecific total synthesis of erythronolide A (1) through (9S)-9-deoxo-9-hydroxyerythronolide A (2) from the chiral C1–C6, C7–C9, and C10–C13 synthetic segments is described. The C10–C13 segment, (3R,4R,5R)-5-O-benzyl-2-iodo-3,4-O-isopropylidene-4-methyl-1-heptene-3,4,5-triol (11) was synthesized in 16 steps and an 8.3% overall yield from d-ribose. The C7–C9 segment, (S)-(+)-2-(2-bromo-1-methylethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (47) was prepared from methyl (S)-(+)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate in 8 steps and a 49% overall yield. The coupling of the Grignard reagent, prepared from magnesium and 47, and the C1–C6 segment, 3,5,7-tri-O-benzyl-1,4,6-trideoxy-4,6-di-C-methyl-keto-l-ido-2-heptulose (13), afforded 5,7,9-tri-O-benzyl-2,3,6,8-tetradeoxy-2,4,6,8-tetra-C-methyl-l-threo-l-ido-nonose ethylene acetal (48) and its C4-epimer in 79% and 8% yields, respectively. 5,7,9-Tri-O-benzyl-4-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3,6,8-tetradeoxy-2,4,6,8-tetra-C-methyl-l-threo-l-ido-nonose (12), derived from 48, was subjected to coupling reaction with the lithium reagent prepared from 11 to afford about 5:1 excess of the “Cram” product 50. The homogeneous hydrogenation of 50 with [ClRh(Ph3P)3] gave 1,3,5,13-tetra-O-benzyl-6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-2,4,7,8,10,14,15-heptadeoxy-11,12-O-isopropylidene-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexa-C-methyl-d-arabino-d-gluco-l-ido-pentadecitol (54) and its C10-epimer in 41% and 7% yields from 12, respectively. The conversion of 54 to 2 was accomplished by a sequence of reactions including the Corey–Nicolaou lactonization method in a 17% overall yield. Selective 3,5-O-benzylidenation of 2 followed by PCC oxidation and debenzylidenation gave 1 in 52% yield.
Preparation of Perfluoroalkyl Ketones by the Reaction of Perfluoroalkyllithiums with Esters
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Shiraishi Yasukazu , Suzuki Hitomi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A variety of esters react with perfluoroalkyllithiums in situ generated from perfluoroalkyl iodides and methyllithium to give perfluoroalkyl ketones in good yields. Perfluoroalkyllithiums add to α, β-unsaturated esters only in the 1,2-addition mode even in the presence of copper salt. Exception was observed in the reaction with maleates where perfluoroalkylated succinic esters and normal 1,2-addition products are obtained in comparable amounts.
Compensation Effect in the Electrical Conduction Process in Polyene Incorporated Lipid Films
Authors: Sarkar D , Misra T N 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine films doped with polyenes show compensation behavior at low polyene concentration and follow a three constant semiconduction equation σT=σ0′ exp (E/kT0) exp (–E/kT), σ0′ and T0 being constants for the lipid and the other parameters having their usual meanings. Consistent values of the constants σ0′ and T0 obtained from various methods of evaluation suggest that the compensation effect has a physical origin. Significant change in the semiconduction activation energy of lipid film on various polyene doping suggests strong lipid–polyene interaction in the doped films.
Electrochemical Generation and Properties of the p-Dinitrobenzene Radical Anion in N,N-Dimethylformamide
Authors: Sauer Alexandra , Wasgestian Fritz , Nickel Ulrich 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Potentiostatic reduction of p-dinitrobenzene in N,N-dimethylformamide yielded the anion radical. By careful exclusion of water and oxygen it was obtained free from by-products. It was stable for several hours at room temperature. Its UV-visible absorbance was determined in combination with polarographic analysis. The behavior towards water and oxygen is reported.
Studies on Organomercury(II) Complexes of Maltol
Authors: Bhatia Sangeeta , K. Kaushik Narender , S. Sodhi Gurvinder 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A number of organomercury(II) complexes involving maltol (1) of the type RHgL (2) [R=phenyl (C6H5), o-, p-hydroxyphenyl (o-, p-HOC6H4), p-acetoxyphenyl (p-AcOC6H4), 2-furyl (2-C4H3O); HL=maltol] have been synthesized and characterized. Conductance measurements indicate that the complexes are nonelectrolytes. From IR and UV studies, it is concluded that maltol acts as a bidentate ligand, coordinating to the mercury(II) ion through phenolic and carbonyl oxygen atoms. 1H and 13C NMR support the stoichiometry of the complexes. Fluorescence spectra have been recorded for o-, p-HOC6H4HgL complexes. For C6H4HgL, p-HOC6H4HgL, and p-AcOC6H4HgL complexes, thermal studies (TG and DSC) have been carried out and relevant kinetic and thermodynamic parameters have been enumerated. In addition, the fragmentation pattern of the complexes has been analyzed on the basis of mass spectra.
Cluster Chemistry. Catalytic Behavior of [H2Ru4(CO)12]2− in Reduction of Benzaldehyde and Nitrobenzene
Authors: Wada Fumio , Shimuta Masanori , Matsuda Tsutomu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dianion, [H2Ru4(CO)12]2−, showed excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of nitrobenzene, but not of benzaldehyde. In the presence of benzaldehyde under H2 pressure, the dianion was converted to a new species of good catalytic activity, which is closely similar to a complex obtained from the reaction of [H2Ru6(CO)18] with DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene).
Fluorescence Polarization Spectra along the Rotational Contour of the 10a01 Absorption Band of Pyrazine Vapor
Authors: Ohta Nobuhiro , Sekiguchi Osamu , Takemura Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fluorescence polarization spectra for the 10a01 perpendicular absorption band belonging to the S0→S1 transition of pyrazine vapor have been obtained at room temperature. The spectra are well reproduced theoretically by considering the resonance fluorescence from fully resolved rotational levels in S1 and by employing a symmetric top approximation.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of 2:2 Complex of 1,1,6,6-Tetraphenyl-2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol (DD) with 1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine (Nicotine)
Authors: Fukawa Ken-ichi , Harada Shigeharu , Kasai Nobutami , Toda Mari (née Segawa) , Mori Koji , Toda Fumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
X-Ray crystal structure analysis of the title complex is described. 2(C30H22O2),2(C10H14N2), F.W. 1153.5, monoclinic, space group P21, a=28.913(2), b=12.353(1), c=9.340(1) Å, β=98.20(1)°, V=3301.7(6) Å3, Dc=1.16 g cm−3 for Z=2. Two DD molceules are bound by two nicotine by four O–H···N hydrogen bonds to form a 2:2 complex. The crystal consists of these asymmetric 2:2 complexes.
The Resonance Raman Study on the Visible Absorption Spectrum of Tris(dithiooxalato-S,S)cobaltate(III)
Authors: Kanamori Kan , Ono Akiko , Ino Sonomi , Kanesaka Isao , Kawai Kiyoyasu , Hidaka Jinsai 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Raman bands due to the totally symmetric ν(C–C)+ν(C–S) and ν(Co–S) modes of tris(dithiooxalato-S,S)cobaltate(III) exhibit resonance enhancements with excitation lines in the visible region. The resonance Raman excitation profiles of the two modes reveal the presence of a charge-transfer transition in the visible absorption spectrum of the complex.
Solubility and Coupling Reactivity of Protected Peptides in Highly Polar Solvents
Authors: Morii Hisayuki , Ichimura Kunihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solubility of protected peptides as well as the coupling rate was quantitatively examined in highly polar solvents. Symmetrical anhydrides in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) containing N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or DMF solution of lithium chloride and diethyl phosphorocyanidate with triethylamine in DMSO–DMF were proved to be efficient coupling reagents for solid phase synthesis of hardly soluble peptides.
Organic Photochemical Reactions. XXXII. Photochemical Ring-Cleavage Reactions of 2,2-Diaryloxetanes in the Presence of Electron Donor
Authors: Nakabayashi Kenichi , Fujimura Shin , Yasuda Masahide , Shima Kensuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photochemical ring-cleavage reactions of 2,2-diaryloxetanes in the presence of triethylamine gave 1,1-diarylethenes selectively.
The Enantiomeric Purity of (S)- and (R)-4-Methylfarnesols Synthesized from Artificial Substrates by Means of a Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Reaction
Authors: Ohnuma Shin-ichi , Koyama Tanetoshi , Ogura Kyozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Both (S)- and (R)-4-methylfarnesols, synthesized respectively from (E)- and (Z)-3-methyl-3-pentenyl diphosphates by means of farnesyl diphosphate synthase reactions, were demonstrated to be of almost 100% enantiomeric purity.
Syntheses of Polypeptides by Hydrogenolysis of N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-Amino Acid Anhydrides
Authors: Munegumi Toratane , Meng Yan-Qing , Harada Kaoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When anhydrides of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Dl-aspartic acid (Z-Dl-Asp), Z-l-Asp, N-Z-Dl-glutamic acid (Z-Dl-Glu), Z-l-Glu, and N-Z-3-aminoglutaric acid (Z-β-Agl) were hydrogenolyzed in N,N dimethylformamide (DMF), polypeptides were obtained in high yields. Hydrogenolyses of Z-Dl-Glu and Z-l-Glu in dioxane gave pyroglutamic acid.
The Absolute Configuration of 4,6-Decadiyne-1,3,8-triol Isolated from Gymnopilus spectabilis
Authors: Hashimoto Masaru , Yanagiya Mitsutoshi , Okuno Toshikatsu , Shirahama Haruhisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absolute configuration of 4,6-decadiyne-1,3,8-triol, isolated from Gymnopilus spectabilis, was established as (3S,8S) by the comparison of degradated compounds with synthetic ones.
The Effect of Starting Source on the Concentration Distribution of Nickel Supported on Alumina
Authors: Fujitani Tadahiro , Ueki Osamu , Echigoya Etsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The concentration profile and particle size of nickel supported on alumina spheres were easily controlled by varying the starting source materials of the impregnation solution. Further, the reduction behavior of nickel oxide supported on alumina was influenced by the starting nickel source material.
Potentiometric Determination of Some Aliphatic Aldehydes Using the Silver/Sulfide Ion-Selective Electrode
Authors: M. Zaki M Tarek , Fawzy M H 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple, selective and reproducible method for the potentiometric determination of some aliphatic aldehydes is described. The method is based on oxidation of the aldehydes with silver oxide packed in a column. The formed silver salts of the fatty acids are eluted with water and the silver ion concentration is determined with a silver/sulfide ion-selective electrode using either a calibration graph or a standard addition technique. The effects of experimental variables and the interference of other organic functional groups are investigated. Samples containing up to 5.0 mg aldehyde are analyzed with an average recovery of 98.5% and 98.4% using the proposed techniques, respectively.
Interactions of Excited Lithium Atom with Molecular Hydrogen. III. Orthogonality Constrained MCSCF+NCI Calculations of Potential Energy Surfaces and Electronic Wave Functions in the Potential Crossing Region
Authors: Toyama Masayuki , Uchide Takayuki , Yasuda Toshimasa , Kasai Tokuo , Matsumoto Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method of calculating the excited state MCSCF electronic wave function by constraining it to be orthogonal to the predetermined ground state wave function was applied to calculate wave functions of the Li–H2 system near the center of a conical intersection of the lowest two potential energy surfaces. Combined with an additional nonorthogonal configuration interaction process, it has proved to be an efficient method to get systems of wave functions that are continuous throughout whole geometries. Qualitative characters of wave functions near the center of potential crossing previously inferred have been reconfirmed.