bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraine prophylaxis: A new approach
Authors: Ryan Robert E. , Ryan Robert E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom previous research with migraine patients we know that there are abnormalities of platelet aggregation and adhesiveness. These abnormalities suggest that possibly platelet antagonists might prevent migraine attacks.Dipyridamole and aspirin are both platelet antagonists and are the two drugs used in this double blind study.The patients were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups; 1. Dipyridamole, 2. Aspirin, 3. Dipyridamole plus Aspirin, and 4. Placebo. There were 40 patients in each group (160 total). These patients had either classical or common migraine, were male or female, and the age group was 21–65. No pregnant females were used. All patients had at least 3 migraine attacks per month prior to entry into the study.The patients received the study medication for 8 weeks following a 4 week washout period during which no prophylactic medication for migrain was used.The results show that the group of patients taking the combination of dipyridamole and aspirin had the greater decrease in both headache frequency and headache index. The dipyridamole group and the aspirin group had better results than the placebo group.The improvement in the 3 groups receiving the actual test medication had better results in the second month, than they did in the first month. This leads one to the conclusion that perhaps if the protocol for this study called for 3 months testing rather than 2, the results would be even better.Platelets are the smallest element found in the blood. In normal blood there are usually between 200, 000 to 400,000. This number is dependent upon a negative feedback mchanism which is modulated by thrompopoietin. The platelets are removed from the blood stream by the spleen and the liver after they have passed their normal life span, which is usually found to be from 8 to 10 days.Platelets contain granules. There are two types of granules, one is the amine storage granule, often called the platelet dense bodies. These granules contain ADP (adenosine dephosphate) ATP, SHT, mucopolysacarides, adrenalin, and calcium. The other type of granule is the alpha granule which contains lysomal enzymes and possibly fibrinogen.
Gross and microscopic anatomy of the eighth cranial nerve in relationship to the solitary schwannoma
Authors: Neely J. Gail 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurgical advances over the past two decades, allowing the discovery of smaller solitary schwannomas of the VIIIth cranial nerve and their extirpation with preservation of the VIIth cranial nerve, have lead to attempts to resect the tumor without completely resecting its nerve of origin. This paper reports the macroscopic and microscopic observations of 22 solitary schwannomas of the VIIIth cranial nerve as they relate to the nerve of origin.Nine tumors were removed, en bloc with the VIIIth nerve, tranversely subscrially sectioned and studied by light microscopy. Four of the en bloc cases and 13 additional cases were studied by biopsying the VIIIth nerve branches, lateral, and the VIIIth nerve trunk medial to the tumor. The results suggest that the VIIIth nerve is involved throughout the extent of the tumor and, in some cases, beyond the tumor limits with intraneural invasion by tumor cells. There is an immediate dispersion of VIIIth nerve fibers to extremely small aggregates dispersed peripherally about the tumor surface. These fiber aggregates are not surgically dissectable from the tumor because of the difficulty in identifying the fibers and because of tumor infiltration of normal appearing nerves.The pure tone threshold average of 500–2,000 Hz. tends to correlate more closely with the number of cochlear fibers present, lateral to the tumor, than do other auditory tests. The percent of unilateral vestibular weakness does not correlate with the number of fibers present in the superior vestibular nerve.In summary, these histologic data suggest that complete tumor resection from VIIIth nerve fibers may be beyond our present technological capabilities. They further suggest severe limits to accurate identification of candidates for this conservation surgery.
Interval observer design for nonlinear discrete‐time dynamic systems
Authors: Zhirabok Alexey , Zuev Alexander , Filaretov Vladimir 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe problem of interval observer design for systems described by nonlinear models with uncertainties is considered. The problem is solved based on special mathematical technique (the algebra of functions) which allows obtaining solution for systems containing non‐smooth nonlinearities. The relations to design interval observer insensitive or having minimal sensitivity to the disturbance and estimating the prescribed nonlinear function of the state vector of the original system are derived. Theoretical results are illustrated by example.
Robust adaptive control for a class of autonomous vehicle platoons
Authors: Ren Tianqun , Chen Xiang , Gu Guoxiang 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThis article studies robust adaptive control for a class of autonomous vehicle platoons. In particular, two innovative adaptive control laws are proposed to address both position and velocity tracking for a vehicle platoon. In addition, it is shown that robust asymptotic string stability can be delivered by the underlying adaptive control laws for the vehicle platoon, in the sense that these adaptive control laws are capable of mitigating parameter uncertainties involved in the nonlinear vehicular dynamics and achieving truly cooperative adaptive cruise control while ensuring the required safety spacing between each neighboring vehicle pair asymptotically. It is also shown that the control performance of the vehicle platoon can be further improved if the operating equilibrium points of all vehicles can be adaptively estimated, leading to two linear time‐invariant control laws for individual vehicles under both position and velocity controls and for the vehicle platoon. Simulation studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, validating the results obtained for the class of vehicle platoons.
Solid State Reaction Epitaxy, A New Approach for Synthesizing Van der Waals heterolayers: The Case of Mn and Cr on Bi2Se3
Authors: Khatun Salma , Alanwoko Onyedikachi , Pathirage Vimukthi , de Oliveira Caique C. , Tromer Raphael M. , Autreto Pedro A. S. , Galvao Douglas S. , Batzill Matthias 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures that pair materials with diverse properties enable various quantum phenomena. However, the direct growth of vdW heterostructures is challenging. Modification of the surface layer of quantum materials to introduce new properties is an alternative process akin to solid state reaction. Here, vapor deposited transition metals (TMs), Cr and Mn, are reacted with Bi2Se3 with the goal to transform the surface layer to XBi2Se4 (X = Cr, Mn). Experiments and ab initio MD simulations demonstrate that the TMs have a high selenium affinity driving Se diffusion toward the TM. For monolayer Cr, the surface Bi2Se3 is reduced to Bi2‐layer and a stable (pseudo) 2D Cr1+δSe2 layer is formed. In contrast, monolayer Mn can transform upon mild annealing into MnBi2Se4. This phase only forms for a precise amount of initial Mn deposition. Sub‐monolayer amounts dissolve into the bulk, and multilayers form stable MnSe adlayers. This study highlights the delicate energy balance between adlayers and desired surface modified layers that governs the interface reactions and that the formation of stable adlayers can prevent the reaction with the substrate. The success of obtaining MnBi2Se4 points toward an approach for the engineering of other multicomponent vdW materials by surface reactions.
Surface Adaptive Dual‐Layer Protection of Li‐metal Anode for Extending Cycle‐Life of Li–Sulfur Batteries with Lean Electrolyte
Authors: Choi Bokyung , Kim Kyung‐Geun , Lim Minhong , Kim Beomjun , Seo Jiyeon , Lee Jiwon , Park Sanghyeon , Kim Ki‐Hyun , Lee Yong Min , Lee Hongkyung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBuilding a lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery with lean electrolytes is essential to far exceed the energy density of today's Li‐ion. However, earlier electrolyte depletion triggered by Li‐metal anodes (LMAs) causes sluggish Li–S redox kinetics and poor S utilization, resulting in a short cycle lifespan. To retard the electrolyte loss effectively, sustainable protection of LMAs is necessary against the dynamic interfacial evolution between LMA and protective layers (PLs). This study elucidates two critical parameters in securing the interfacial adaptivity of PLs upon local Li pitting: surface free energy (SFE) and Young's modulus through solid‐mechanic simulations and experiments using three different PL models. To alleviate the PL delamination at the early stage, a dual‐layer structured, adaptive protective layer (APL) is introduced to adapt the Li pitting‐driven structural evolution of the PL|LMA interfaces. The APL consists of a high‐ SFE polymer as an inner layer, reducing the interfacial energy in contact with LMA surface, and a highly stretchable polymer for outer shield, serving as a physical barrier for the electrolyte and Li polysulfides. APL‐coated LMA demonstrates stable cycling of Li–S cells, achieving a twofold extension of cycle‐life compared to unprotected LMA, even superior to other single‐layer PLs.
Clickable Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds for Delivery of Neural Progenitor Cells to Sites of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Tigner Thomas J. , Dampf Gabrielle , Tucker Ashley , Huang Yu‐Chi , Jagrit Vipin , Clevenger Abigail J. , Mohapatra Arpita , Raghavan Shreya A. , Dulin Jennifer N. , Alge Daniel L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition with limited treatment options. Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising treatment option, and the identification of novel biomaterial scaffolds that support NPC engraftment and therapeutic activity is a top research priority. The objective of this study is to evaluate in situ assembled poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based granular hydrogels for NPC delivery in a murine model of SCI. Microgel precursors are synthesized by using thiol‐norbornene click chemistry to react four‐armed PEG‐amide‐norbornene with enzymatically degradable and cell adhesive peptides. Unreacted norbornene groups are utilized for in situ assembly into scaffolds using a PEG‐di‐tetrazine linker. The granular hydrogel scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and do not adversely affect the inflammatory response after SCI. Moreover, when used to deliver NPCs, the granular hydrogel scaffolds supported NPC engraftment, do not adversely affect the immune response to the NPC grafts, and successfully support graft differentiation toward neuronal or astrocytic lineages as well as axonal extension into the host tissue. Collectively, these data establish PEG‐based granular hydrogel scaffolds as a suitable biomaterial platform for NPC delivery and justify further testing, particularly in the context of more severe SCI.
Interaction between amylose, fatty acid, and β‐lactoglobulin to study multiple biomacromolecules self‐assembly and application
Authors: Chao Chen , Huang Shiqing , Wang Cuiping , Sun Rong , Yu Jinglin , Copeland Les , Wang Shujun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNew concept for the development of supramolecular assemblies from intricate interactions between different classes of biomacromolecules (polysaccharides, proteins and lipids) is yet to come, due to their intrinsic chemical and structural complexity and incompatibility. Herein, we report an interaction mechanism among multiple biomacromolecules, and the structural and digestive properties of their assemblies using amylose (AM), lauric acid (LA), and β‐lactoglobulin (βLG) as exemplars. AM, LA, and βLG interact to form a water‐soluble ternary complex through van der Waals forces between AM and LA and high affinity binding between AM and βLG, which can further assemble into uniform‐sized, semi‐crystalline nanospheres under certain thermodynamic conditions. These nanospheres are substantially resistant to amylolysis, thus can be well utilized by gut microbiota, including increasing short‐chain fatty acid levels and shaping bacterial communities. Illustrating the complexation of AM, LA, and βLG and their assemblies from disorder to order, this work offers potential rationale of assemblies for multiple biomacromolecules driven by non‐covalent interactions and substantial potentials for supramolecular biomaterials development.
A comparative analysis of plastome evolution in autotrophic Piperales
Authors: Jost Matthias , Wanke Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPremiseMany plastomes of autotrophic Piperales have been reported to date, describing a variety of differences. Most studies focused only on a few species or a single genus, and extensive, comparative analyses have not been done. Here, we reviewed publicly available plastome reconstructions for autotrophic Piperales, reanalyzed publicly available raw data, and provided new sequence data for all previously missing genera. Comparative plastome genomics of >100 autotrophic Piperales were performed.MethodsWe performed de novo assemblies to reconstruct the plastomes of newly generated sequence data. We used Sanger sequencing and read mapping to verify the assemblies and to bridge assembly gaps. Furthermore, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships as a foundation for comparative plastome genomics.ResultsWe identified a plethora of assembly and annotation issues in published plastome data, which, if unattended, will lead to an artificial increase of diversity. We were able to detect patterns of missing and incorrect feature annotation and determined that the inverted repeat (IR) boundaries were the major source for erroneous assembly. Accounting for the aforementioned issues, we discovered relatively stable junctions of the IRs and the small single‐copy region (SSC), whereas the majority of plastome variations among Piperales stems from fluctuations of the boundaries of the IR and the large single‐copy (LSC) region.ConclusionsThis study of all available plastomes of autotrophic Piperales, expanded by new data for previously missing genera, highlights the IR‐LSC junctions as a potential marker for discrimination of various taxonomic levels. Our data indicates a pseudogene‐like status for cemA and ycf15 in various Piperales. Based on a review of published data, we conclude that incorrect IR‐SSC boundary identification is the major source for erroneous plastome assembly. We propose a gold standard for assembly and annotation of high‐quality plastomes based on de novo assembly methods and appropriate references for gene annotation.
Ladungstransferdynamiken in organisch–anorganischen hybriden Heterostrukturen – Einblicke mithilfe von Summenfrequenzspektroskopie
Authors: De Ratnadip , Calvet Neus A. , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganisch–anorganische Heterostrukturen spielen eine zentrale Rolle in modernen elektronischen und optoelektronischen Anwendungen. Dazu gehören Photodetektoren und Feldeffekttransistoren sowie die Umwandlung von Solarenergie mithilfe von Photoelektroden für Farbstoffsolarzellen, photoelektrochemischen Zellen und organischen Photovoltaiksystemen. Die Leistung solcher Systeme wird zu großen Teilen durch die Dynamik des Ladungstransfers an und zwischen (inneren) Grenzflächen, z. B. zwischen einem Halbleiter mit großer Bandlücke und molekularen Sensibilisatoren und/oder Katalysatoren, bestimmt. Daher ist ein detailliertes Verständnis der Beziehung zwischen Struktur, Dynamik und Funktion solcher funktionalen Grenzflächen notwendig, um mögliche Limitationen der Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Materialien und Systeme auf molekularer Ebene zu erklären. Die Summenfrequenzspektroskopie (SFS) als grenzflächenempfindliche Technik ermöglicht es, spezifische chemische Informationen über Grenzflächen zu erhalten. Wird diese in ein Anregungs‐Abfrage‐Schema integriert, liefert sie neben solchen chemischen Erkenntnissen eine ultraschnelle Zeitauflösung. Dieser Mini‐Review‐Artikel diskutiert die Vorteile und das Potenzial der SFS für die Untersuchung von Ladungstransferdynamiken an Grenzflächen und von strukturellen Veränderungen an inneren Grenzflächen. Es wird ein wichtiger Beitrag dieser einzigartigen spektroskopischen Einblicke in ansonsten unzugängliche Grenzflächen vorgestellt, der, so hoffen wir, neue Wege für ein besseres Verständnis der funktionsbestimmenden Prozesse in komplexen Materialien aufzeigt. Damit sollen Gemeinschaften, die sich dem Design von Materialien und Bauteilen widmen, mit Spektroskopikern zusammengebracht werden.
Steric‐hindrance Effect Tuned Ion Solvation Enabling High Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Dou Haozhen , Wu Xinru , Xu Mi , Feng Renwu , Ma Qianyi , Luo Dan , Zong Kai , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite many additives have been reported for aqueous zinc ion batteries, steric‐hindrance effect of additives and its correlation with Zn2+ solvation structure have been rarely reported. Herein, large‐sized sucrose biomolecule is selected as a paradigm additive, and steric‐hindrance electrolytes (STEs) are developed to investigate the steric‐hindrance effect for solvation structure regulation. Sucrose molecules do not participate in Zn2+ solvation shell, but significantly homogenize the distribution of solvated Zn2+ and enlarge Zn2+ solvation shell with weakened Zn2+−H2O interaction due to the steric‐hindrance effect. More importantly, STEs afford the water‐shielding electric double layer and in situ construct the organic and inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interface, which effectively boost Zn anode reversibility. Remarkably, Zn//NVO battery presents high capacity of 3.9 mAh ⋅ cm−2 with long cycling stability for over 650 cycles at lean electrolyte of 4.5 μL ⋅ mg−1 and low N/P ratio of 1.5, and the stable operation at wide temperature (−20 °C~+40 °C).
Sanierung des Kulturwehrs Breisach
Authors: Gültner Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWasserwirtschaftlich genutzte Anlagen werden für eine Nutzungsdauer von bis zu 90 Jahren und mehr ausgelegt. Wegen der übergeordneten Bedeutung dieser Anlagen kommt der präventiven Instandhaltung eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung und Sicherstellung des ordnungsgemäßen Betriebs zu. Wird aufgrund des baulichen Zustands oder anderweitiger Gründe eine Sanierung erforderlich, stellt die Aufrechterhaltung des Betriebs während dieser Bauausführung eine besondere Herausforderung an die Sanierungskonzeptionen dar. Am Kulturwehr Breisach wurden in einer Zeitspanne von mehr als 15 Jahren umfangreiche Sanierungs‐ und Instandsetzungsarbeiten am Massiv‐ und Stahlwasserbau sowie an der Antriebs‐ und Steuerungstechnik unter Aufrechterhaltung des Betriebs ausgeführt. Ziel dieser Arbeiten war die präventive Instandhaltung der Anlage und die nachhaltige Entwicklung eines Überwachungs‐ und Instandhaltungskonzepts für die weitere Unterhaltung. Aufgrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen, die ausführungsparallel zur ursprünglichen Schadensaufnahme und projektparallel im Rahmen der Bauwerksinspektion fortgeführt wurden und werden, wird die Nachhaltigkeit der Sanierungsmaßnahme belegt.
Influence of Deposition Potential on Electrodeposited Bismuth–Copper Oxide Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Bobade Rushikesh G. , Dabke Niteen B. , Shaikh Shoyebmohamad F. , Al‐Enizi Abdullah M. , Pandit Bidhan , Lokhande Balkrishna J. , Ambare Revanappa C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe modern research reported the simplest low–cost synthesis of Bismuth–Copper oxide (Bi2CuO4) with spruce–leaf–like morphology and its applications in supercapacitor devices. Bi (NO3)3 . 5H2O was used as a precursor during an electrodeposition (ED) method to create the spruce–leaf–like Bi2CuO4 electrode. XRD, XPS, FE−SEM, EDX, and TEM were used to characterize the structures and morphologies of the synthesized materials, while CV, CP, and EIS were used to determine their electrochemical characteristics. The Bi2CuO4 phase was confirmed by XRD patterns, and electrochemical testing demonstrated that the material had better rate capability and an SC of 431.2 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s. After 5,000 cycles, it retained 81.4 % of its energy. Additionally, the maximum SC that was attained by the created asymmetric solid–state device ASSD (Bi0.6 Vǀǀ1 M PVA−KOHǀǀAC) was 73.7 F/g. The energy density was 55.3 Wh/Kg at a power density of 4570 W/Kg. The exceptional electrochemical performance of Bi2CuO4 thin film electrodes recommends it has a promising material.
Inter‐modality comparison of working alliance and client satisfaction in online counselling during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An exploratory study
Authors: Moccia Carla , Bowyer Harriet L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeMental health suffered during the COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown in Scotland. While there was limited availability for face‐to‐face counselling, online counselling was available via telephone, videoconference, email, one‐to‐one chat and group basis. Existing research has failed to examine inter‐modality comparisons of client experiences of online counselling during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsScottish participants (n = 94) who received online counselling during the COVID‐19 pandemic completed an online survey using quantitative methodology, which explored their experiences of one of five online counselling modalities measured by two reliable scales: the Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Revised and factor one of the Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale. Additional exploratory analysis investigated whether age, gender, choice of online counselling modality and pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic familiarity with online counselling affected these outcomes.ResultsWorking alliance and satisfaction outcomes were positively correlated. No significant differences between working alliance and satisfaction scores were found between the five modalities. Female participants, and those who received their preferred choice of counselling modality, had significantly greater working alliance than those who did not.ConclusionThese findings provide insights to clients and practitioners about the variety of synchronous and asynchronous online platforms that can facilitate good therapeutic outcomes. The importance of participant choice of counselling modality was reiterated. The broader implications of the findings and the future direction of a hybrid online and face‐to‐face counselling model were discussed.
When and why do artifact emojis lead to backfire effects on consumer response?
Authors: Kim Claire Heeryung , Forcum Lura , Giebelhausen Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn online settings, firms have rapidly adopted emojis in their marketing messages. Thus, marketing research and practice have begun to examine emojis in recent years. However, while prior work has examined the impact of emojis that depict facial expressions and body movements (i.e., kinesic emojis), research into emojis that represent objects (i.e., artifact emojis) is scarce. The present research fills this void by showing that artifact emojis can negatively influence consumer response. Specifically, the authors demonstrate that the presence (vs. absence) of artifact emojis in broadcast marketing messages increases skepticism, as consumers infer the brand has ulterior motives for emoji use. Subsequently, they show decreased response to the brand's broadcast message on multiple marketing outcomes. Moderators that strengthen or weaken the observed effects are also examined: when emojis are less (vs. more) relevant to the text and when artifact emojis substitute (vs. supplement) the word they represent.