bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of end‐capped engineering on the optoelectronic characteristics of pyrene‐based non‐fullerene acceptors for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Qundeel  , Adnan Muhammad , Hussain Riaz , Shehzad Rao Aqil , Muhammad Shabbir , Mustafa Ghulam , Irshad Zobia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPyrene‐based molecules are being explored as prospective fullerene‐free acceptors for organic solar cells (OSCs), due to their easy accessibility, structural planarity, and excellent electron delocalization. In this work, we successfully designed and analyzed pyrene‐based acceptor materials (QL1–QL8) to investigate their photophysical and electro‐optical parameters. Various geometric parameters were computed at the MPW1PW91/6‐31G(d,p). Advanced quantum chemical approaches were employed to characterize the molecules. All the tailored molecules (QL1–QL8) exhibit a lower bandgap than the reference (R), signifying their superiority. Among these, QL8 was found to have a maximum absorption (λmax) at 791.37 nm and an optical bandgap (ELUMO − EHOMO) minimum of 2.11 eV. Redshifted absorption spectra are observed in both gaseous and solvent phases for all the designed (QL1–QL8) molecules in contrast to R. Among these, QL4 exhibits the highest light harvesting efficiency (0.9826), and open‐circuit voltage. A detailed donor–acceptor investigation of QL8/PBDB‐T revealed the marvelous charge switching at the donor–acceptor interface. The approach used in this study is anticipated to facilitate the manufacturing of highly efficient OSC molecules.
Error‐controlled feature selection for ultrahigh‐dimensional and highly correlated feature space using deep learning
Authors: Ganguli Arkaprabha , Maiti Tapabrata , Todem David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeep learning has been at the center of analytics in recent years due to its impressive empirical success in analyzing complex data objects. Despite this success, most existing tools behave like black‐box machines, thus the increasing interest in interpretable, reliable, and robust deep learning models applicable to a broad class of applications. Feature‐selected deep learning has emerged as a promising tool in this realm. However, the recent developments do not accommodate ultrahigh‐dimensional and highly correlated features or high noise levels. In this article, we propose a novel screening and cleaning method with the aid of deep learning for a data‐adaptive multi‐resolutional discovery of highly correlated predictors with a controlled error rate. Extensive empirical evaluations over a wide range of simulated scenarios and several real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving high power while keeping the false discovery rate at a minimum.
Solution‐Processed Metal Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor at Low Temperature via A Combination Strategy of H2O2‐Inducement Technique and Infrared Irradiation Annealing
Authors: Yang Jingze , Lin Dong , Chen Yushan , Li Tiejun , Liu Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolution processing has emerged as a promising technique for the fabrication of oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs), offering advantages such as low cost, high throughput, and exceptional compositional control. However, achieving reasonable electrical properties typically demands high annealing temperatures in the fabrication process. In addressing this challenge, a novel combination strategy is proposed that involves integrating the H2O2 inducement technique with infrared (IR) irradiation annealing. The study investigates the effects of precursors and IR irradiation annealing temperatures on the electrical properties of In2O3 TFTs. It is found that H2O2 can help accelerate the decomposition of organic residues, while IR irradiation annealing could enhance the film densification. By employing the proposed strategy, metal oxide TFTs consisting of a Zr‐Al‐O dielectric fabricated at 230 °C and an In2O3 channel layer fabricated at 185 °C demonstrated high performance with field‐effect mobility = 31.7 cm2 V−1·s−1, threshold voltage = 1.3 V, subthreshold swing = 0.13 V per decade, and on‐to‐off current ratio = 1.1 × 105. This work demonstrates the proposed combinational strategy is a general method to fabricate not only metal oxide semiconductors but also dielectrics.
D$$ D $$‐optimal designs for multi‐response linear models with two groups
Authors: Liu Xin , He Lei , Yue Rong‐Xian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, multi‐response linear models have gained significant popularity in various statistical applications. However, the design aspects of multi‐response linear models with group‐wise considerations have received limited attention in the literature. This paper aims to thoroughly investigate ‐optimal designs for such models. Specifically, we focus on scenarios involving two groups, where the proportions of observations for each group can be arbitrarily selected or not. Two equivalence theorems are presented to elaborate the characterization of ‐optimal designs. Additionally, we delve into the admissibility of approximate designs and establish necessary conditions for a design to be deemed admissible. Several illustrative examples are addressed to demonstrate the application of the derived theoretical results.
Vision‐based robust missing and loosened bolt detection for splice plate joints
Authors: Yao Zhidong , Chen Zhihua , Liu Hongbo , Lu Jiaqi 
Published: March 2024

SummaryVision‐based bolt defect detection methods based on feature changes have been reported. However, the robustness of key feature extraction and bolt detection requires improvement. This paper proposes a robust missing and loose bolt defect detection approach. The key features—reference points for perspective correction and the straight lines of the bolt edges—are extracted from the masks obtained by semantic segmentation models. The true and false bolt discrimination approach based on the mask shape can help improve bolt object detection accuracy. Overlapping between the bolt bounding boxes in the reference and detection images indicates missing bolts. The rotation angles reveal loosened bolts. The proposed approach was tested on fabricated bolted joint specimens and a steel railway bridge. The results suggest that these improvements ensure defect detection accuracy, with a miss rate of only 1% for missing bolt detection. Moreover, a loosened bolt with only 3° rotation is successfully detected. This approach has promising potential applicability in automatically detecting bolt defects in large steel structures.
Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of sepsis: Identifying key aging‐related biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of sepsis
Authors: Zhou Jie , Liu Jiao , Zhang Chuanwu , Zhou Yihua , Zheng Zemao , Li Haoguang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSepsis remains a crucial global health issue characterized by high mortality rates and a lack of specific treatments. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis and to identify potential therapeutic targets and compounds.MethodsHigh‐throughput sequencing data from the GEO database (GSE26440 as the training set and GSE13904 and GSE32707 as the validation sets), weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, alongside a combination of PPI and machine learning methods (LASSO and SVM) were utilized.ResultsWGCNA identified the black module as positively correlated, and the green module as negatively correlated with sepsis. Further intersections of these module genes with age‐related genes yielded 57 sepsis‐related genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, PPI, LASSO, and SVM selected six hub aging‐related genes: BCL6, FOS, ETS1, ETS2, MAPK14, and MYC. A diagnostic model was constructed based on these six core genes, presenting commendable performance in both the training and validation sets. Notably, ETS1 demonstrated significant differential expression between mild and severe sepsis, indicating its potential as a biomarker of severity. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis of these six core genes revealed their correlation with most immune cells and immune‐related pathways. Additionally, compounds were identified in the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen, which upon further analysis, revealed 354 potential target proteins. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these targets indicated a primary enrichment in inflammation and immune‐related pathways. A Venn diagram intersects these target proteins, and our aforementioned six core genes yielded three common genes, suggesting the potential efficacy of Danshen in sepsis treatment through these genes.ConclusionsThis study highlights the pivotal roles of age‐related genes in the molecular mechanisms of sepsis, offers potential biomarkers, and identifies promising therapeutic compounds, laying a robust foundation for future studies on the treatment of sepsis.
Telephonic follow‐up after day case pediatric surgery in an upper middle income country: A pilot study
Authors: Patel Nirav , Loveland Jerome , Scribante Juan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne third of South African children live in households with no employed adult. Telemedicine may save patients and the strained public health sector significant resources. We aimed to determine the safety and benefits of telephonic post‐operative follow‐up of patients who presented for day case surgery at CHBAH from 1 January–31 March 2023.MethodsA prospective descriptive study on patients undergoing day case surgery was performed. Healthy patients greater than 6 years old whose caregivers spoke English and had access to a smartphone were included. Data on the total number of telephonic follow‐ups, operative complications, need for in person review, satisfaction with telephonic follow‐up, and savings in transport costs and time by avoiding in person follow‐up were collected.ResultsA total of 38 telephonic follow‐ups were performed. Six (15.8%) patients presented for in person review due to the detection of major complications (2, 5.3%), minor complications (2, 5.3%), and parental concern (2, 5.3%) during telephonic follow‐up. All caregivers reported being satisfied with telephonic follow‐up. Total savings in transport costs were R4452 (US $ 248.45). The majority of patients (29, 76.3%) had at least one unemployed parent. Seven caregivers (18.4%) avoided taking paid leave and 2 (5.3%) unpaid leave from work due to follow‐up being performed telephonically.ConclusionsInnovation is necessary in order to expand access to safe, affordable, and timely care. In this selected group, telephonic follow‐up was a safe, acceptable, and cost‐effective intervention. The expansion of such a program has the potential for significant savings for patients and the healthcare system.
The landscape of composite Higgs models
Authors: Chala Mikael , Fonseca Renato 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We classify all different composite Higgs models (CHMs) characterised by the coset space $$ \mathcal{G} $$
G
/$$ \mathcal{H} $$
H
of compact semi-simple Lie groups $$ \mathcal{G} $$
G
and $$ \mathcal{H} $$
H
involving up to 13 Nambu-Goldstone bosons (NGBs), together with mild phenomenological constraints. As a byproduct of this work, we prove several simple yet, to the best of our knowledge, mostly unknown results: (1) under certain conditions, a given set of massless scalars can be UV completed into a CHM in which they arise as NGBs; (2) the set of all CHMs with a fixed number of NGBs is finite, and in particular there are 642 of them with up to 13 massless scalars (factoring out models that differ by extra U(1)’s); (3) any scalar representation of the Standard Model group can be realised within a CHM; (4) Certain symmetries of the scalar sector allowed from the IR perspective are never realised within CHMs. On top of this, we make a simple statistical analysis of the landscape of CHMs, determining the frequency of models with scalar singlets, doublets, triplets and other multiplets of the custodial group as well as their multiplicity. We also count the number of models with a symmetric coset.
Optimizing exposure data collection for plant protection products: identifying ideal collectors with the fluorescent dye pyranine
Authors: Ehmke Annika , Wegener Jens Karl , Melfsen Andreas , Hartung Eberhard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen approving plant protection products, exposure data are required for risk analysis. Exposure data can be collected for various exposure pathways, such as dermal, inhalation or ground sediment. For measuring exposures, pyranine, a fluorescent dye, and a collector can be used. However, the choice of collector material depends on the specific exposure pathway. This study aims to determine the most suitable collector, in combination with the tracer pyranine, for recording exposure through different pathways in practical trials.Seven different collectors (Tyvek®, labels, plastic patches, paper patches, nylon filters, fibreglass filters, petri dishes) were subjected to laboratory and field tests to assess various quality parameters. Blank values, recovery rates, storability, and fluorescence degradation under UV-radiation were measured. Based on the results, a matrix was created summarizing which collector might be best suited to capture each exposure pathway. Almost all collectors demonstrated high recovery rates (Tyvek® 100%; labels 100%; plastic patches 100%; paper patches 100%; nylon filters 95%; fiberglass filters 60.9%) as well as good storability. Furthermore, all plastic-based collectors (labels, Tyvek®, plastic patches, petri dishes) showed a very good recovery rate above 95% when exposed to UV-radiation. However, nylon filters were not suitable for utilization under field conditions due to the rapid degradation of fluorescence under UV-radiation (recovery rate: 20–56%). Nevertheless, nylon filters showed stable recoveries under protected conditions and can be used to assess inhalation exposures under these conditions. Fibreglass filters, with recovery rates of 84–86%, were well-suited for testing inhalative exposures outdoors when a correction factor was applied. Tyvek® was the most suitable material for detecting total dermal exposure under field conditions. This is due to its quality characteristics and availability in a variety of sizes. Finally, petri dishes were ideal for collecting ground sediments.
Relocation of 3 April 2017 Moiyabana Earthquake in Botswana Using Seismological Data from Local Network of Autonomously Recording Seismographs and International Monitoring System Stations
Authors: Simon Rapelang E. , King J. G. , Moffat L. C. , Moidaki M. D. , Kwadiba M. T. O. , Jackson K. G. , Ntibinyane O. , Ranganai R. T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOn the 3rd April 2017 a widely felt Moiyabana earthquake shook Botswana and the rest of southern Africa. Previous Moiyabana earthquake locations used mainly teleseismic or regional seismograms; and/or non-seismic methods which include Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), and magnetotelluric (MT). These results did not agree, as evidenced by the depth of the earthquake that ranged from zero to 30 km (i.e. indicating either a man-made event or a natural event); thus motivating us to re-assess the location parameters. Unfiltered seismic waveform data from the recent project of the Network of Autonomously Recording Seismographs (NARS) in Botswana was complimented with stations from the International Monitoring System (IMS) to relocate the event. Relocated parameters are origin time, epicentre, focal depth, and magnitude. Geotool software from the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), and the Regional Seismic Travel Time model (RSTT) were used to process vertical components waveforms from 9 NARS and 32 IMS stations. Geotool results are: earthquake epicentre (22.645 °S: 25.220 °E); origin time of 17:40:16.9 (UTC); hypocentral depth range of 22 to 24 km; body magnitude (mb) and local magnitude (ml) of 6.3 ± 0.6 and 6.0 ± 0.8, respectively. RSTT results are: earthquake epicentre (22.667 °S: 25.257 °E); origin time of 17:40:16.95 (UTC); hypocentral depth of 25 km; and mb of 6.65 ± 0.03. The seismological location parameters from Geotool and RSTT, agree very well within experimental uncertainties with the non-seismic geophysical methods.
Monitoring climatic impacts on the moisture uptake of the first Swiss wildlife bridge made of wood
Authors: Ghazi Wakili Karim , Schiere Marcus , Bonifacio Sébastien , Kauz Ulrich , Maurer Jan , Rüegsegger Lukas , Müller Andreas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWildlife bridges represent a major component of any sustainable strategy to counteract the negative consequences of cutting the natural habitat of wildlife into disconnected parts by motorways and rail. This is especially true for a small and densely populated country such as Switzerland with diverse wildlife scattered through its territory. Up to now all wildlife bridges in Switzerland have been made of concrete with steel reinforcement. The wildlife bridge under investigation here is the first one in Switzerland made of wood-based materials. The idea of building a wildlife bridge by using wood-based materials represents besides a challenging technological endeavor also an ecological progress regarding embodied energy. A further advantage which resulted after realizing the construction, was the short interruption time it needed for installation on a motorway in operation. The most urgent question with respect to the wood-based elements is their moisture uptake when subjected to weather conditions. The present paper reports on a long-term monitoring of this wooden wildlife bridge over a period of approximately 2 years. Different kind of sensors, data from a nearby meteorological station, data regarding hourly number of different kind of vehicles passing beneath the wildlife bridge as well as lab measurements have been used to enable a robust and reliable statement on wooden wildlife bridges subjected to Swiss flatland weather conditions.
Black yeasts in hypersaline conditions
Authors: Gostinčar Cene , Gunde-Cimerman Nina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Extremotolerant and extremophilic fungi are an important part of microbial communities that thrive in extreme environments. Among them, the black yeasts are particularly adaptable. They use their melanized cell walls and versatile morphology, as well as a complex set of molecular adaptations, to survive in conditions that are lethal to most other species. In contrast to extremophilic bacteria and archaea, these fungi are typically extremotolerant rather than extremophilic and exhibit an unusually wide ecological amplitude. Some extremely halotolerant black yeasts can grow in near-saturated NaCl solutions, but can also grow on normal mycological media. They adapt to the low water activity caused by high salt concentrations by sensing their environment, balancing osmotic pressure by accumulating compatible solutes, removing toxic salt ions from the cell using membrane transporters, altering membrane composition and remodelling the highly melanized cell wall. As protection against extreme conditions, halotolerant black yeasts also develop different morphologies, from yeast-like to meristematic. Genomic studies of black yeasts have revealed a variety of reproductive strategies, from clonality to intense recombination and the formation of stable hybrids. Although a comprehensive understanding of the ecological role and molecular adaptations of halotolerant black yeasts remains elusive and the application of many experimental methods is challenging due to their slow growth and recalcitrant cell walls, much progress has been made in deciphering their halotolerance. Advances in molecular tools and genomics are once again accelerating the research of black yeasts, promising further insights into their survival strategies and the molecular basis of their adaptations.

Key points
• Black yeasts show remarkable adaptability to environmental stress
• Black yeasts are part of microbial communities in hypersaline environments
• Halotolerant black yeasts utilise various molecular and morphological adaptations
PbS QDs and rGO-decorated PbS QDs induced optical properties variations on P3HT:PC61BM composite thin films
Authors: El-Khalawany L. M. , Zidan T. A. , Zedan I. T. , El-Menyawy E. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPbS QDs and PbS QDs decorated with reduced graphene (rGO) are prepared by hot-injection method using PbO and hexamethyldisilathiane (HMDS) as Pb and S sources, respectively. PbS QDs and PbS QDs:rGO are used as an addition to poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) composite. The effect of their addition on the morphological, topographical and optical properties of spin-coated P3HT:PC61BM thin films are investigated. These additions tune the films to be more homogenous and more flatness as investigated in terms of field scanning electron microscope. The topographical properties of the films are explored by atomic force microscope. The results show decreasing in the grain size and the surface roughness in P3HT:PbSQDs:PC61BM film compared to other composites films. The optical properties of the films are studied over the spectral range 200–2500 nm. On one hand, the absorption coefficient of different films is computed and the optical band gap of the films is found to decrease after addition of PbS QDs and PbS QDs:rGO. On the other hand, the refractive index of the films is explained according to the single-oscillator model to get the dispersion parameters. In addition, the lattice dielectric constant and the ratio of the free-carriers concertation to their effective mass are evaluated.
Regional lymph node evaluation in pediatric conventional melanoma subtype: a single-center 10-year review
Authors: Sutthatarn Pattamon , Davidoff Andrew M. , Bahrami Armita , Richard Celine , Shalini Bhatia , Santiago Teresa C. , Shulkin Barry L. , Pappo Alberto S. , Abdelhafeez Abdelhafeez 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the prognostic and therapeutic significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and completion lymph node dissection (CLND) in pediatric conventional melanoma (CM), while evaluating potential predictive factors for outcomes.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records spanning 2009–2020, focusing on patients aged 18 or younger with localized cutaneous conventional melanoma.

Results
Among the 33 patients, SLNB detected metastasis in 57.6% of cases, with 52.6% undergoing CLND. Positive SLN patients had higher relapse risk (HR 5.92; 95% CI 1.27–27.7; P = 0.024) but similar overall survival (HR 3.19; 95% CI 0.31–33.1, P = 0.33).
No significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) and OS were found between patients who underwent CLND and those who did not (HR 1.91; 95% CI 0.49–7.43, P = 0.35, and HR 0.52; 95% CI 0.03–8.32, P = 0.64, respectively). Univariate analysis showed age at diagnosis (P = 0.02) correlated with higher recurrence risk, with a 21% hazard increase per additional year of age.

Conclusions
Positive SLN status and age at diagnosis were associated with worse DFS in CM patients. Our study did not find any prognostic or therapeutic value in CLND for pediatric melanoma. Further multicenter trials are needed to confirm our single-institution experience.

Level of evidence
Level IV.