bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Van Oldenborch and Vanden Merberghe pseudonyms or Why Frans Fraet had to die Part two
Authors: Valkema Blouw Paul 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe names Niclaes van Oldenborch and Magnus vanden Merberghe van O(e)sterhout have long presented historians of the Dutch book with a problem. They appear as imprints in two series of, mostly theological, publications in the vernacular, published respectively in the third and fourth decade of the sixteenth century and in the 1550s. Owing to the attributions of Dr Kronenberg, the distinguished expert in the field, the Van Oldenborch production swelled into a list of almost forty publications, a substantial part of the Protestant works to have been issued in the period. She was convinced of the man's historicity and continued to insist on it even after serious doubts had arisen about the accuracy of the principal piece of information on which she based her views. Further research now proves that, as had already been suggested earlier, Van Oldenborch was indeed a pseudonym, used by more than one printer in Antwerp and presumably also in Kampen. A total of seven, if not of eight, publishers adopted it at various times. Vanden Merberghe, too, was a fake imprint, but only one printer seems to have concealed his identity with it: Frans Fraet in Antwerp. Hitherto he was known exclusively for his literary work, even if he was reputed to have been executed for the publication of prohibited books in 1558. The production that actually led to so severe a sentence remained a riddle, however. The results of this research also show that nearly all the 'Van Oldenborch' publications which Dr Kronenberg regarded as post-incunabula appeared after 1540 and that a number of them can even be dated later than 1550. She placed the entire group notably too early. We can assume that this revision will be of consequence for the chronology of the Reformation in the Low Countries in so far as it depended on the diffusion of the new religious ideas in printed form.
The oldest Dutch commercial œuvre lists in print
Authors: OP 'T HOF W.J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBook lists in early books are a well-known phenomenon. Yet they have still received little scholarly attention. In this article, one particular type is named, classified, and its origins and early history investigated: the commercial oeuvre list. This is a list of all available books written, translated, or edited by the author of the publication in which the list appears, and commercially issued by the relevant publisher. As a result of this last attribute, the list also came to function as an announcement of forthcoming publications. Properly considered, the commercial oeuvre list formed an entirely new development in the advertising technique of the book trade: the reader elevated from purchaser to a determining factor for the advertisement. The first to make use of such a list was the Amsterdam publisher Marten Jansz Brandt. In 1622, he issued the earliest known commercial oeuvre list. It concerned the popular and prolific writer, Willem Teellinck, father of the Dutch Reformed pietist movement, the Further Reformation. Given the concordance between the anthropological leanings of Teellinck's writings and the user-friendliness of the new form of advertising, it is no surprise to find them linked. At any rate, Brandt aimed at a specific reading-public: that of the pietist readers. Over a period of more than forty years, no less than fifteen lists appeared concerned with Teellinck's works. The longest contained 53 items. This long duration and large number of lists and items make it possible to study the various developments of the commercial oeuvre list in the first period of its existence. It turns out that the content was regularly updated up to and including the tenth list (1647) in accordance with what was in stock, and a reprint was introduced as soon as an edition was sold out. Brandt was responsible for eight of the fifteen known lists. The publishers Anthony de Later in Vlissingen and Theunis Jacobszoon Lootsman in Amsterdam followed his example in 1632 and 1647 respectively. For all three, when they first introduced commercial lists of Teellinck's works, it was a case of wanting to become his regular publisher. In other words, behind such lists were not only booksellers' but also publishers' interests. Oeuvre lists serve as trustworthy evidence to identify an author, translator, or editor of anonymous or pseudonymous publications. They therefore demand an intensive and far-reaching study. The register of book lists in books at the STCN office of the Royal Library, The Hague, recently made accessible, can therefore be of great service. That three of the fifteen lists examined - including the oldest! - are known only from copies in private hands, indicates in addition that these locations can't be left out of consideration in future research.
Ploos van Amstel and Christian Josi; two generations of printmakers working in the artful imitation of drawings
Authors: De Luise Alexandra 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOne of the most notable works in the history of color printing is, Collection d'Imitations de dessins, d'après les principaux maîtres hollandais et flamands commencée par C. Ploos van Amstel, continuée et portée au nombre de cent morceaux, published in London in 1821. The work's importance lies in its 104 prints, which are facsimiles of drawings and watercolors by Flemish and Dutch artists of the seventeenth century. The prints so carefully reproduce the chalk and brush lines of the originals in a mechanically printed form, that they are frequently mistaken for drawings. The prints pose various questions as to who Ploos and Josi were; the role that they and their assistants played in the occupation of reproducing prints from drawings during this active period of printmaking experimentation, and the achievement that this publication represented in the nineteenth century, at a time when Holland was overcome by the adversities of war.
The library of Hendrik Gabriël van Gameren, Bishop of Antwerp (1700-75)
Authors: Simoni Anna E. C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLittle is known of the books belonging to private owners in eighteenth-century Antwerp. This article describes the library of one of the prelates of the city; numerous other studies will have to be published before a reliable overview can be provided. Before he was appointed Bishop of Antwerp in 1758 Hendrik Gabriël van Gameren had been a professor in the Theological Faculty of Louvain University. In this capacity he had, among other things, collaborated on the new edition of 'Duhamel's Bible' (Louvain 1740). Otherwise Van Gameren played no distinguished part in society either as a professor or as a bishop. He was however a close friend of the highest official in the country, Patrice-François de Neny; it seems very probable that he shared the latter's Jansenist convictions. There are two documents which allow us an insight into his collection of books: a printed auction catalogue (Louvain 1775) and the ledger of the Louvain auctioneer-bookseller Jan Frans van Overbeke. The latter organised the auction of Van Gameren's library and carefully noted in a register the names of buyers and the prices obtained. He furthermore indicated which of the titles in the catalogue had really belonged to Van Gameren. These sources disclose that Van Gameren possessed a scholarly library of only limited extent (550 titles) which consisted almost exclusively of theological, church-historical and canon law books. The authors most represented were Karel van den Abeele, J.B. Thiers and Louis Maimbourg. But polemical literature concerning the Jesuit problem and Jansenism was also widely represented. The books were mostly of Southern Netherlandish and French origin. It is further noticeable that they are mostly recent works, especially in Latin or French, far fewer in Dutch. And although the Bishop's exlibris is known, he does not appear to have been a true bibliophile. The limited and single-track nature of the collection and the complete absence of any works in connexion with the Enlightenment lead to the assumption that the Bishop's heirs did not send his complete library to auction. To gain a definite answer to this we would have to dispose of an estate inventory. Regrettably no such document has been preserved.
Bookbindings from Nijmegen: 1475-1550
Authors: Van Dongen Gerrie A.M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA group of twenty-four bookbindings from the last quarter of the fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth century can be identified as very likely executed by bookbinders in Nijmegen. Most of these manuscripts and early printed books contain contemporary ownership inscriptions from people or religious institutions in Nijmegen. Most of the bindings were tooled between ca. 1475 and 1527 with characteristic separate tools whose impressions appear on the bindings in different combinations. The fastenings and the penwork added by hand also support the assignment of these bindings to a single group. Around 1527, the binders switched to the use of rolls, still found in use as late as 1548.
Zur Reproduktionsgeschichte mittelalterlicher Schriftformen und Miniaturen in der Neuzeit Teil II: Die erste Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Klamt Johann-Christian 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWith the growing enthusiasm for medieval art and architecture during the first half of the 19th century also miniature painting gained larger attention by scholars in various parts of Western Europe. In the wake of great ancestors as Mabillon and Bessel - and still indebted to them - those men discussed and copied medieval miniatures with an astonishing sensibility for both the artistic detail and the historical background. But also these protagonists - with their manifold intentions and their endeavour for the spreading of fac-similes - can be caught manipulating - unconsciously or consciously - the original. Finally, it was the medium of photography which guaranteed 'objective' reproductions of miniatures, for the benefit of research in modern sense.
The Evolution of a European Perspective on Disability Legislation
Authors: Degener Theresia , Hendriks Aart 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this article a comparison is made between various disability theories and their impact on European disability and health legislation. The official disability theories focus on the individual with disabilities. Legislation that emanates from these medically inspired theories has been shown to be inaccurate and inadequate in finding appropriate solutions for disability issues. Alternative theories have developed in response. These theories emphasize the importance of the interrelationship between individuals and their environment. In parallel, new disability legislation and programmes have evolved that acknowledge the social and human rights aspects of disability issues. Up until now health lawyers have played a minor role in the disability debate. They are strongly invited to join the many ongoing discussions. It is felt that their input is particularly needed with respect to a number of issues presently at the forefront of medicine, ethics and law.
The Role of the Judge in Advancing Human Rights - Knight Errant or Slot Machine Automation?
Authors: Kirby Justice Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the author deals with the "role" of judges in "advancing" human rights. He cautions that the needs of different countries will vary. He starts with a reference to the recent failure of Judge Robert Bork to secure confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States. Bork had been a long time proponent of judicial restraint in the interpretation of the Bill of Rights, urging that protection of human rights should normally be left to the democratically accountable branches of government - the executive and the legislature. After reviewing the theoretical and practical arguments for and against judicial restraint, the author states his own conclusions. These are that, especially where there is a constitutional charter of rights and particularly in common law countries, judges have an inescapable function in developing the law. Their decisions necessarily advance their view of human rights. In human rights cases, they may nowadays receive assistance from international statements of human rights and the jurisprudence developing around such statements. The author appeals for an international approach but acknowledges that this will be difficult for lawyers, traditionally jurisdiction bound. But he warns that there are limits to the activism of the judiciary in controversial human rights cases. Judges themselves do well to recognise these limits both for their legitimacy and their effectiveness. An important modern challenge to the judiciary is that of resolving this dilemma between the pressures for restraint and the urgency of action.
Zur Causa Der Stipulation
Authors: Wacke Andreas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie Texte zur causa stipulationis sind - wie wir sahen - im wesentlichen zuverlässig. Maßgebliche Divergenzen zwischen dem klassischen und dem justini anischen causa-Begriff sind nicht festzustellen. Unter der causa ist mit der herrschenden Lehre der rechtliche Grund des Versprechens zu verstehen. Fehlt er, so wird die auf das Versprechen gestützte Klage mit der exceptio doli entkräftet (oben III); auch kann der Promittent mit der condictio incerti auf Befreiung (oben VII) sowie nach der Erfüllung mit der condictio (indebiti) auf Rückleistung klagen110). Die henschende Auffassung der causa als Schuld- oder Verpflichtungsgrund schließt ihre Deutung als Versprechenszweck nicht aus (oben II 2). Denn der engere Begriff des Versprechenszwecks, den die Quellen oft mit dem quod actum est wiedergeben (oben II 3, vgl. 4), setzt einen rechtlich anerkannten Verpflichtungsgrund voraus. Ein notfalls auch selbständig existenzfähiges "Rechtsgrundverhältnis" ist hierfür jedoch nicht erforderlich (oben II 1). Die Dreiteilung des causa-Mangels in deren anfängliches Fehlen (stipulatio sine causa), deren Nichteintritt (causa, quae non est secuta) und späteren Wegfall (causa, quae finita est) ist klassisch (oben III 2). Das sine causa promittere umfaßt über den in den Quellen nicht belegten, praktisch offenbar sehr seltenen Dissens über die causa hinaus zahlreiche weitere Fälle (oben III 3 mit A. 38). Ein Fall der causa, quae non est secuta, ist namentlich das nicht valutierte Stipulationsdarlehn, weil das mutuum als Realkontrakt eine Übereignung des Geldes erfordert (oben III 1). Das Mitgiftversprechen - gleich welcher Form - enthält die kraft Zivilrechts erhebliche stillschweigende Bedingung des Zustandekommens einer gültigen Ehe. Auf die ausdrückliche Erwähnung der causa dotis kommt es insoweit nicht an. Doch sollte die tacita condicio mit dem causa-Problem möglichst nicht vermengt werden (oben V). Auch beim Schenkungsversprechen läßt sich eine Differenzierung zwischen "abstrakter" und "titulierter" Stipulation in Bezug auf die Wirkung der Schenkungsverbote nicht feststellen. Insbesondere galt die in vat. 310 erwähnte exceptio in factum vermutlich nicht der Entkräftung abstrakter Schenkungsversprechen, sondern eher der Verhinderung eines in fraudem legis Cinciae agere im Falle einer verschleierten (durch vorgeschobene Entgeltlichkeit eines förmlichen Geschäfts getarnten) Schenkung (oben VI). Es ist an der Zeit, die Diskussion damit abzubrechen. Der Gegensatz der Meinungen dürfte deutlich geworden sein. Welche Ansicht der historischen Wahrheit näher kommt, muß die Zukunft zeigen. Wolfs großes Verdienst ist es, ein zentrales Thema aufgegriffen und seine vielschichtigen Probleme in zahlreichen Punkten entscheidend gefördert zu haben. Seine Argumente sind stets so gewichtig, daß sich ihre weitere Erörterung lohnen wird. Dank gebührt ihm daher, daß er sein langerwartetes Werk jetzt der Allgemeinheit zugänglich gemacht hat.
Liability of the Carrier in Courtesy Carriage and Gratuitous Carriage
Authors: El-Latif Zakaria Moseilhy Abd 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn fact, this new trend in judicial thinking does not mean that the liability of the unpaid carrier is being based on fault in the custodianship of inanimate objects; its import and aim is to alleviate the burden of proof falling upon the non-paying passenger by seeking evidence of the fault of the carrier merely from the circumstances of the case. Proof of such circumstances must be provided: proof that the accident was caused by faulty driving, i.e., loss of command of the vehicle; or that the accident cannot be explained by other than the carrier's losing command of the vehicle while driving it.
Infinite Degrees of Speed Marin Mersenne and the Debate Over Galileo's Law of Free Fall
Authors: Palmerino Carla Rita 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article analyzes the evolution of Mersenne's views concerning the validity of Galileo's theory of acceleration. After publishing, in 1634, a treatise designed to present empirical evidence in favor of Galileo's odd-number law, Mersenne developed over the years the feeling that only the elaboration of a physical proof could provide sufficient confirmation of its validity. In the present article, I try to show that at the center of Mersenne's worries stood Galileo's assumption that a falling body had to pass in its acceleration through infinite degrees of speed. His extensive discussions with, or his reading of, Descartes, Gassendi, Baliani, Fabri, Cazre, Deschamps, Le Tenneur, Huygens, and Torricelli led Mersenne to believe that the hypothesis of a passage through infinite degrees of speed was incompatible with any mechanistic explanation of free fall.
Authorship in the Popular "Problemata Aristotelis"
Authors: Blair Ann 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article examines the complex fortuna of the "Problemata Aristotelis" which circulated widely in early modern Europe in a textual tradition independent of the better-known ancient problems attributed to Aristotle. A study of the editions of this text (designated "Omnes homines") and its various add-ons, spanning four languages (Latin, German, French and English) and four centuries (late 15th-19th centuries), brings to light the otherwise obscure editorial practices that fueled its remarkable success. The authority of the text rests at first on its presentation of a collective wisdom, then on bolder claims for the authenticity of its alleged Aristotelian authorship.
Kirchlicher Konservativismus und Angst: Eine empirische Untersuchung
Authors: Gösslbauer Jakob P. , Edlinger Volker 
Published: April 2008

A Study of Ecclesiastical Conservativism and Anxiety A German translated form of the “IPAT Anxiety Scale Questionnaire” by Cattell & Scheier and a specially developed ecclesiastical conservativism questionary were given to a sample of 330 adult, catholic, urban Ss. Several item analyses and reliability computations showed the usefulness of the scales. Analyses of correlations and variances yielded the following main results: There are statistical significant functional interrelations between ecclesiastical conservativism and the variables age, educational level, professional type, and church attendance. The same holds for anxiety level and the variables professional type and church attendance. Ecclesiastical conservativism and anxiety level indices have been found to be negatively interrelated. Especially this last result is being discussed on the backgrounds of submission to authorities, individual freedom, responsibility, and anxiety.
Pharmaceutical and pharmacological importance of peptide transporters
Authors: Brandsch Matthias , Knütter Ilka , Bosse-Doenecke Eva 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Peptide transport is currently a prominent topic in membrane research. The transport proteins involved are under intense investigation because of their physiological importance in protein absorption and also because peptide transporters are possible vehicles for drug delivery. Moreover, in many tissues peptide carriers transduce peptidic signals across membranes that are relevant in information processing. The focus of this review is on the pharmaceutical relevance of the human peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2. In addition to their physiological substrates, both carriers transport many β-lactam antibiotics, valaciclovir and other drugs and prodrugs because of their sterical resemblance to di- and tripeptides. The primary structure, tissue distribution and substrate specificity of PEPT1 and PEPT2 have been well characterized. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on the substrate binding sites and the three-dimensional structure of these proteins. Until this pivotal information becomes available by X-ray crystallography, the development of new drug substrates relies on classical transport studies combined with molecular modelling. In more than thirty years of research, data on the interaction of well over 700 di- and tripeptides, amino acid and peptide derivatives, drugs and prodrugs with peptide transporters have been gathered. The aim of this review is to put the reports on peptide transporter-mediated drug uptake into perspective. We also review the current knowledge on pharmacogenomics and clinical relevance of human peptide transporters. Finally, the reader's attention is drawn to other known or proposed human peptide-transporting proteins.
The “Iranian ART Revolution”
Authors: Abbasi-Shavazi Mohammad Jalal , Inhorn Marcia C. , Razeghi-Nasrabad Hajiieh Bibi , Toloo Ghasem 
Published: April 2008

Infertility is a social onus for women in Iran, who are expected to produce children early within marriage. With its estimated 1.5 million infertile couples, Iran is the only Muslim country in which assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) using donor gametes and embryos have been legitimized by religious authorities and passed into law. This has placed Iran, a Shia-dominant country, in a unique position vis-à-vis the Sunni Islamic world, where all forms of gamete donation are strictly prohibited. In this article, we first examine the “Iranian ART revolution” that has allowed donor technologies to be admitted as a form of assisted reproduction. Then we examine the response of Iranian women to their infertility and the profound social pressures they face. We argue that the experience of infertility and its treatment are mediated by women’s socioeconomic position within Iranian society. Many women lack economic access to in vitro fertilization (IVF) technologies and fear the moral consequences of gamete donation. Thus, the benefits of the Iranian ART revolution are mixed: although many Iranian women have been able to overcome their infertility through ARTs, not all women’s lives are improved by these technologies.The Iranian civil law emphasizes that family is a warm and placid institute founded upon the authority of the husband and the father. Motherhood and doing housework are the woman’s responsibility, and outside work is the man’s; and the man is the breadwinner. Such policies reinforce the traditional patriarchal relations within the family. (Sarokhani and Raf’atjah 2004)