bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of five therapeutic drugs using dry film multilayer technology on the opus™ immunoassay system
Authors: Jandreski Mark A. , Shah Jyoti C. , Garbincius Jean , Bermes Edward W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFive therapeutic drug assays, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, theophylline, and valproic acid, were evaluated using an automated random access system for performing thin dry film multilayer competitive immunoassays, the OPUS analyzer. All reagents for the therapeutic drug assays are contained in a coated multilayer film chip encased within a plastic bar‐coded test module and require no external or supplementary reagents. A serum or plasma sample is applied to the test module by the instrument and the fluorescence intensity from the module is measured after 6 minutes. We found the OPUS assays acceptable for clinical use. Within‐run coefficient of variations were 2.3–6.7%, between‐run, 2.9–7.6%. These methods correlated well with the Abbott TDx, having correlation coefficients of 0.92–0.97. Because of the instrument design and the stability of the reagents, weekly calibration is not needed and samples can be run immediately upon receipt in a random access fashion or can be batched together.
Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in paraffin embedded tissue sections of human liver of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis patients by in situ hybridization
Authors: Yamada Shuhei , Koji Takehiko , Nozawa Masayuki , Kiyosawa Kendo , Nakane Paul K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLocalization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was investigated by non‐radioactive in situ hybridization in human liver specimens of chronic non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis patients who were seropositive for antibodies to HCV (anti‐HCV). For in situ hybridization, T‐T dimerized synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probes were used and DNAs hybridized in situ were detected immunohistochemically using specific antibodies against T‐T dimer. The data demonstrates that HCV‐RNA was localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in human liver biopsies obtained from the patients with chronic NANB hepatitis seropositive for anti‐HCV.
Reduced levels of free testosterone in four Catania‐type alloalbuminemic males
Authors: Banfi Giuseppe , Daverio Rita , Bonini Pierangelo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe Studied total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and free testosterone in four males presenting an electrophoretically slowmoving genetic variant of albumin, the alloalbumin Catania. Free testosterone levels were lower in these cases, found in a year of observation, than those expected for the ages. This finding, which is not related to any disease and constantly not recognized in other males with various genetic variants, should induce consideration of a probable difference of the genetic variant in hormone binding. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzyme immunoassay and immunochemical characterization of pancreatic stone protein in human serum
Authors: Katsuzaki Tomoyuki , Tatemichi Noriyuki , Takeichi Chikako , Hayakawa Shinobu , Hayakawa Tetsuo , Shibata Tokimune , Nakae Yasuyuki , Naruse Satoru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies were raised against human pancreatic stone protein (PSP) and used for one‐step enzyme immunoassay (EIA). PSP‐S2‐5 was employed as the standard in the assay. The assay's measurable range was 25‐1,500 ng/ml and within run coefficient of variation was 3.7‐6.4%. Analytical recovery of the assay was 101.5 ± 5.65% (X ± SD). The results of experiments in which serum was fractionated by Mono S (cation exchange chromatography) suggested that most of immunoreactive material in human serum is PSP‐S2‐5. The EIA offers simple, rapid, and specific analysis of serum PSP level for clinical diagnosis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) for (antihuman T‐cell leukemia virus type I) immunoglobulin G in serum using a synthetic peptide, Ala‐Cys‐Env gp46(237–262), as antigen
Authors: Kohno Takeyuki , Sakoda Iwane , Ishikawa Eiji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) for (antihuman T‐cell leukemia virus type l) IgG (anti‐HTLV‐l IgG) in serum using a synthetic peptide, Ala‐Cys‐env gp46(237‐262), of HTLV‐I is described. Anti‐HTLV‐I IgG in test serum, which had been incubated with excess of inactive β‐D‐galactosidase to eliminate interference by anti‐β‐D‐galactosidase antibodies, was reacted simultaneously with 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐bovine serum albumin‐Ala‐Cys‐env gp46(237‐262) conjugate and Ala‐Cys‐env gp46(237‐262)‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. The complex formed consisting of the three components was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl group) IgG. After washing to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum and excess of the β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate, the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with ϵN‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG. β‐D‐galactosidase activity bound to the (antihuman IgG γ‐chain) IgG‐coated polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorometry. This assay was more sensitive than other methods using HTLV‐I antigen, and most negative and positive sera were discriminated. However, some results appeared to be false positive or false negative, and the peptide, Ala‐Cys‐env gp46(237‐262), was suggested to be useful, in combination with other peptides, for improving the reliability of serodiagnosis by separately demonstrating antibodies against as many different epitopes of HTLV‐l as possible. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
laboratory diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection
Authors: Sevall J. Sanders , Ritenhous Judith , Peter J. B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe sensitivity and application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of parvovirus B19 (B19) infection was investigated by simultaneously assaying a collection of 279 consecutively received samples for presence of anti‐B19 IgM and IgG antibodies by Western blot and for B19 DNA by PCR and dot‐blot hybridization (dot‐blot); samples were sera from patients with suspected B19 infection. PCR and dot‐blot detected B19 DNA in 9% (16/179) and 1% (2/179), respectively of Ab‐positive samples (IgM+/IgG‐,IgM+IgG+,IgM‐IgG+), and in 28% (15/54) and 2% (1/54), respectively, of IgM+ samples. PCR also detected B19 DNA in 2% (2/100) of IgM‐/IgG‐ samples, both of which had normal total IgG and IgM levels. PCR is of unique value because it permits diagnosis of B19 infection even in the absence of specific acute phase (IgM) and in the presence or absence of convalescentphase (IgG) Ab. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated quantitative nephelometric latex immunoassay for determining ferritin in human serum
Authors: Borque Luis , Rus Antonio , del Cura Jorge , Maside Carlos , Escanero Jesus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe a rapid and sensitive latex nephelometric immunoassay for quantifying ferritin in human serum. This latex immunoassay procedure uses commercially available ready‐for‐use reagents [Tina‐Quant (a) Ferritin, Boehringer Mannheim] that have a long shelf life. The assay consists of incubating the diluted serum sample (5‐fold) for 12 min at room temperature with latex particles covalently coated with anti‐ferritin antibodies, and then quantifying the change of light‐scatter produced. The assay is fully automated on the Behring nephelometer analyzer with a sampling rate of 150 samples/hour. The method has an analytical range of 3 to 260 μg/l. Maximal intra‐ and inter‐assay CVs were 4.0 and 6.2%, respectively. Analytical recoveries ranged from 91.3 to 103.6%. Assay detection limit was less than 3 μg/l. Linearity of the test is given throughout the measuring range. There was no interference from bilirubin (up to 340 μmol/l), haemoglobin (up to 7 g/l), or rheumatoid factor (up to 1,100 IU/ml). Turbid and lipemic samples interfere. This interference may be avoided by pretreating these samples prior to assay. Results correlated well with those obtained by an automated ELISA test (r=0.995) and with those of two commercial RIA methods (r>0.97). This latex nephelometric procedure is a convenient method and represents an interesting alternative to other immunoassays for measuring ferritin in human serum. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunoblot assay for detection of autoantibodies in autoimmune disease
Authors: Capín Norma G. , Rodriguez Monica R. , Lavalle Carlos M. , Ortiz‐Ortiz Librado 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWhen detecting antinuclear antibodies (ANA) a similar indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) pattern may be produced by antibodies which correspond to different antigenic specificity or to diverse autoimmune disorders. To circumvent this problem, we used an immunoblotting against total antigen from HEp‐2 cells (TA‐HEp‐2‐C) which proved to be more specific and sensitive than IIF, since it detected up to 40 antigenic bands and an immunoblot pattern characteristic of each individual and unrelated to the fluorescence patterns of ANA.The analysis of immunoblot patterns is of great diagnostic value, since in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) the antigenic zone is found between 21 and 48 kDa, whereas in other rheumatic diseases with or without positive ANA antibodies by IIF it is foudn between 14 and 21 kDa. Bands which appear after 50 kDa may or may not have pathological significance since they are present in most normal individuals.The use of reference sera allowed the identification in the extract of previously described antigens relevant to these diseases. Some patients showed bands which have yet to be reported and may be clinically significant on their own or in association with other autoantibodies. The long‐term follow‐up of these immunoblot patterns may prove to be of prognostic importance. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monoclonal antibody‐based ELISA to detect glycoprotein tumor‐associated‐antigen‐specific immune complexes in cancer patients
Authors: Gupta Rishab K. , Morton Donald L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis report describes the development and applicability of a tumor‐assocaited‐antigen‐specific immune complex (IC) detection assay to denote th presence oftumor cells in a cancer host. This assay utilizes a murine monoclonal antibody, AD1‐40F4, which was produced to a glycoprotein tumor‐associated antigen (TAA). In Western blot, the murine monoclonal antibody recognized a 90–10 kD subunit of the antigen. This antigen is immunogenic in cancer patients and induces formation of endogenous antigen‐antibody complexes. Analysis of 250 sera from normal individuals and 419 sera from cancer patients revealed that a significantly (P <.0005) greater proportion (234/419; 55.9%) of cancer sera was positive for the marker than the normal sera (8/250; 3.2%). The incidence of the 90 kD‐TAA‐specific‐IC was consistently and significantly higher in melanoma (58.5%; 38/65), Sarcoma (52.9%; 83/157), and carcinoma of breast (50.9%; 83/157), and carcinoma of breast (50.9%; 58/114), lung (68.2%; 30/44), and colon (64.1%, 25/39) than in the normal group. The age of serum donors did not affect the incidence of teh reactivity. Also, at least in the cancer group the gender ofthe serum donor did not affect the incidence of the 90 kD‐TAA‐specific‐IC positivity. In a retrospective study where sequential serum samples obtained postoperatively from 105 patients with melanoma were analyzed, the 90 kD‐TAA‐specific‐IC could be detected in 72 (69%) of patients several years before the appearance fo clinically detectable disease. These results indicate that the 90 kD‐TAA‐specific‐IC assay represents a new type of tumor marker of enhanced specificity and broad crossreactivity among a wide spectrum of different histological types of human neoplasms. This assay may be useful to assess prognosis and detect residual disease after surgical treatment. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of various methods for the enumeration of blood cells in urine
Authors: McGinley Margaret , Wong Lois Lee , McBride James H. , Rodgerson Denis O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study compared the use of conventional urine microscopy, the KOVA system, Neubauer hemacytometry, and the Yellow IRIS for the determination of white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts in urine samples. Both KOVA WBC and RBC counts correlated better with the IRIS counts than with conventional microscopy. KOVA WBC counts correlated with Neubauer hemacytometry to the same degree as they did with IRIS WBC counts. The RBC count correlation was fairly similar between KOVA, hemacytometry, and the conventional method. It was concluded that the KOVA system is a suitable replacement for conventional urine microscopy. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A homogeneous assay system of aspartate aminotransferase iso‐enzymes using proteases and application for clinical evaluation of myocardial infarction
Authors: Yoneda Koji , Katayama Yosiaki , Koike Toshiyo , Tanimizu Isao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe designed a rapid, homogeneous assay for human asparatate aminotransferase (AST) isoenzymes, by a selective proteolysis of soluble AST (s‐AST), using chymotryspin and protease 401. The linearity of mitochondrial (m‐AST) was elongated up to 4000 U/l. m‐AST values from the human liver, and determined by a homogeneous assay using protease 401 or chymotryspin, were relative to those obtained using an immunoprecipitaiton method.In perioperative patients or those with an acute myocardial infarction, the peaks of s‐AST and m‐AST values were noted 13 h and at 57 h after ictus, respectively, whereas the peak of ratio between was seen 6 h after ictus. In the case of Budd‐Chiari syndrome, the maximum levels of the two AST activities were evident 14 days after hospitalization and the peak of ratio between them was seen after 7 days. We propose that htis homogeneous assay can serve as a diagnostic tool for early phase detection of myocardial infarction and of Budd‐Chiari syndrome. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of biological variations and sample handling on measured microalbuminuria in diabetic patients
Authors: Vermes I. , Spooren P. F. M. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFive immunochemical assays for determining low concentrations of albumin were investigated. These were a radioimmunoassay (RIA); turbidimetric immunoassays (TIA) both according to end‐point measuring principle on a Cobas Fara and Hitachi 717 analysers, and according to kinetic measuring principle on a Turbitimer instrument; and a nephelometric immunoassay (NIA). All achieved the analytical goal necessary for optimal patient care. The correlations between the albumin concentrations measured with the different techniques were very good. In vitro glycation of albumin did not influence albumin concentrations measured by the five assays. Urine albumin excretion measured over 3 consecutie days showed considerable day‐to‐day variation. This was highest for spot‐urine specimens and significantly lower for 24 h and timed‐overnight samples. Variation of storage temperature (room temperature, 4°C, −20°C), time (up till 3 months), and pH (within the range pH 5–8) of the urine samples did not change significantly the measured albumin concentrations. Different sample preparations (vortex‐mixing, centrifugation, and thawing) had no influence on the measured albumin concentration. In conclusion, a maximum standardization of the collection of timed‐overnight urine samples for screening and 24 h urine sampels for confirmation of microalbuminuria during 3 consecutive days is more crucial than the choice of the immunological technique. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Streptomyces: A superior source for cholesterol oxidase used in serum cholesterol assay
Authors: Lolekha Porntip H. , Jantaveesirirat Yaovalak 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present study compared three cholesterol oxidase sources (Nocardia, Streptomyces, and Pseudomonas sps.) for serum cholesterol assay. We found cholesterol oxidase isolated from Streptomyces was superior thanthose isolated from Nocardia and Pseudomonas sps.Performances fo the reagent contained Streptomyces cholesterol oxidase was excellent and comparable to the performances obtained from reagent contained Nocardia cholesterol oxidase. Moreover, the reagent containing Streptomyces cholesterol oxidase had the lowest cost and had the longest shelf‐life ($U.S. 0.50/mL, 10 weeks) compared to the reagent contained Nocardia ($U.S. 0.50/mL, 8 weeks) or Pseudomonas ($U.S. 0.20/mL, 6 weeks) cholesterol oxidase.
Single point quantification of antibody by ELISA without need of a reference curve
Authors: Dopatka H. D. , Giesendorf B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new method for the quantification of antibodies in the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay is described. This procedure replaces titer determinations based on end‐point dilution of the antibody under investigation. Here, the sample is tested in a single dilution and the optical density (OD) obtained is used in the equation

The titer can then be calculated by inserting into the formula the values for the constants α and β, which are specified by the manufacturer for each separate batch of kit reagents. This so‐called α‐method saves time and reagents while providing results which are equal to the titration method in accuracy and superior in precision. The α‐method is also a simpler and reliable alternative to the use of standard or reference curves for the quantification of the antibodies in I.U./ml. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of Leu M5 (CD 11c) antibody in the cytodiagnosis of body fluids: Preliminary results
Authors: Berena Jelena , Sun Nora C. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIdentification of metastatic malignant cells in body fluids and their distinction from reactive mesothelial cells is a common diagnostic problem. Application of the immunoalkaline phosphatase method using epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, vimentin, carcinoembryonic antigen, lysozyme, and leukocyte common antigen (CD 45) is routinely performed in our Hematology Laboratory in conjunction with morphological examination of body fluids. Recently, we found that anti‐Leu M5 (CD 11 c), a monoclonal antibody to human monocyte/macrophage, is frequently reactive to mesothelial cells. We then undertook a prospective study, adding anti‐CD 11c to the above‐listed antibody panel and applying to cytocentrifuge preparations of body fluid. The neoplastic cells in only 2 out of 34 cases (5.9%) with the diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas reacted positively for CD 11c. The neoplastic cells in four cases of malignant lymphoma were non‐reactive for CD 11c. In addition, malignant cells on touch preparations of 25 carcinomas were also negative. Mesothelial cells in all 15 cases of reactive effusions and those mesothelial cells present in malignant effusions were positively stained with CD 11c, although the intensity of staining varied in different mesothelial cells of the same cases. We conclude that anti‐CD 11c can be considered as a useful adjunct to the differential diagnosis of malignant effusions. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the Hawaiian reef fishes with the solid phase immunobead assay
Authors: Hokama Y. , Asahina A. Y. , Shang E. S. , Hong T. W. P. , Shirai J. L. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study presents data on the evaluation of a laboratory ciguatera kit based on the solid phase immunobead assay (SPIA) for the detection of ciguatoxin in Hawaiian reef fish. The SPIA was performed on fish catches by volunteer fishermen throughout the State of Hawaii. A total of 1,067 fish of various species were tested for ciguatoxin (CTX) using the SPIA kit. Of the total 1,067 fish tested, 510 were from Oahu, 402 from Hawaii, and 75 from Maui. The number of fish from Molokai, Kauai, and Lanai were 23, 20, and 7 respectively. Twenty percent of the total fish tested were positive, 41% borderline, and 39% negative for ciguatoxin. The highest percentage of SPIA‐positive fish were from Hawaii (27%) followed by Oahu (19%) and Kauai (15%). These results correlate with the reported incidents from the Department of Health (DOH) of actual ciguatera poisoning in the State of Hawaii. Fish in all three categories of the SPIA test values were eaten. No false negatives were noted with individuals eating SPIA negative fish. Of the 232 SPIA borderline values eaten, 3 species of fish caused ciguatera poisoning. These fish included 2 papio, 1 mullet, and 1 po'ou. Of the 17 SPIA positive fish eaten, 5 caused ciguatera poisoning: 2 papio, a kole, an uhu, and a weke. The SPIA ciguatera test did protect the public when only SPIA‐negative fish were eaten. The borderline and positive SPIA fish were generally unsafe, especially the positive fish. The data indicated that the probability of getting ciguatera with a SPIA positive fish was 1 out of 3. The Caranx sp. (papio, ulua) appeared to be one of the major culprits in ciguatera poisoning in Hawaii. This was compatible with the known yearly reports from the DOH. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in urine of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases by sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay)
Authors: Yogi Yoshikuni , Hirota Kouichi , Kohno Takeyuki , Toshimori Hirotaka , Matsukura Shigeru , Setoguchi Toshiaki , Ishikawa Eiji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnti‐thyroglobulin IgG in urine of patients with Graves' disease and chronic thyroiditis and healthy subjects was measured by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay). Anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in dialyzed urine was reacted simultaneously with 2,4‐dinitrophenylated thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin‐βT‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. The immune complex formed consisting of the three components was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with (anti‐2,4, dinitrophenyl group) IgG, eluted with ∈N‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine, and transferred onto polystyrene balls coated with (antihuman IgG γ‐chain) IgG. β‐D‐Galactosidase activity bound to the last polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorometry. Anti‐thyroglobulin IgG was detected in most of the patients, but not in most of the healthy subjects; levels of anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in urine of the patients were well correlated to those in serum of the same patients. The measurement of anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in urine by the immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay was suggested to be useful as a diagnostic aid for autoimmune thyroid diseases. The conventional standard ELISA was not sufficiently sensitive for measuring anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in urine. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stability studies of the components of a prototype penicillinase (β‐lactamase)‐linked ELISA kit
Authors: Khatkhatay M. I. , Desai M. P. , Sankolli G. M. , Pardhe D. K. , Joshi U. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPenicillinase (β‐lactamase) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for various reproductive hormones developed in the laboratory were found to have wide applicability in the fertility check clinic of the Institute. A need was thought to transform these assays into ready‐to‐use kit forms. Therefore, prototype ELISA kits for these hormones were developed and stability of the individual component was ascertained at various temperatures (room temperature, 37°C and 2‐8°C).Stability studies were conducted on previously validated assay for pregnanediol‐3α‐glucuronide (PdG). The studies showed that immunosorbents (antibody coated plates) are stable at room temperature for a period of 2 weeks, at 37°C for 1 week and at 2‐8°C for a period of 9 months when preserved after treatment with glycerol solution. The lyophilised conjugate, standard and immunoassay buffer, colour reagent, and its substrate were stable at 37°C up to 1 week and at room temperature up to 2 weeks and at 2‐8°C for a period of 6 months, during which the stability was studied. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.