bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between the ADAM12 and SH3MD1 genes may confer susceptibility to late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Harold D. , Jehu L. , Turic D. , Hollingworth P. , Moore P. , Summerhayes P. , Moskvina V. , Foy C. , Archer N. , Hamilton B.A. , Lovestone S. , Powell J. , Brayne C. , Rubinsztein D.C. , Jones L. , O'Donovan M.C. , Owen M.J. , Williams J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and the extracellular deposition of β‐amyloid (Aβ) in senile plaques. Aβ has been shown to mediate neurodegenerative and inflammatory changes associated with amyloid plaques, although the pathological mechanism of Aβ remains largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests that the FISH adapter protein binds to, and potentially regulates, ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12) to mediate a neurotoxic effect of Aβ. The ADAM12 gene lies on chromosome 10q26.3, and the gene encoding FISH, SH3MD1, lies within a region of linkage to late‐onset AD (LOAD) on 10q25.1. This study investigates whether there is a relationship between variation in ADAM12 and SH3MD1 and susceptibility to LOAD in a sample of 1,051 AD cases and 1,269 matched controls. We observe significant interactions between variants in the two genes that may influence susceptibility to LOAD. The most significant statistical interaction is between rs3740473, a synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in SH3MD1 and rs11244787, an intronic SNP in ADAM12 (effect size = 2.1 for interaction term, P = 0.006). © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Candidate gene association study of insulin signaling genes and Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for SOS2, PCK1, and PPARγ as susceptibility loci
Authors: Hamilton Gillian , Proitsi Petra , Jehu Luke , Morgan Angharad , Williams Julie , O'Donovan Michael C. , Owen Michael J. , Powell John F. , Lovestone Simon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEpidemiological evidence supports the existence of a possible link between type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Polymorphisms from candidate genes for T2DM were genotyped in a two‐stage approach to identify novel risk factors for LOAD. One hundred fifty‐two polymorphisms were initially genotyped in a case:control cohort: nine SNPs showed individual association with disease status under at least one genetic model, while an additional two SNPs showed a haplotype association. In a replication study, we confirmed significant association of SNPs within three genes—PPARγ, SOS2, and PCK1—with Alzheimer's disease. In particular, our data suggest that the effect of variants within these genes might be influenced by gender. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anorexia nervosa, perfectionism, and dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4)
Authors: Bachner‐Melman Rachel , Lerer Elad , Zohar Ada H. , Kremer Ilana , Elizur Yoel , Nemanov Lubov , Golan Moria , Blank Shulamit , Gritsenko Inga , Ebstein Richard P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), a well‐characterized, polymorphic gene, is an attractive candidate for contributing risk to disordered eating and anorexia nervosa (AN). We tested association using UNPHASED for 5 DRD4 polymorphic loci, 3 promoter region SNPs (C‐521T, C‐616G, A‐809G), the 120 bp promoter region tandem duplication and the exon III repeat, in 202 AN trios and 418 control families. Since perfectionism characterizes AN, we tested these five loci for association with the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) in the AN and control groups. Single locus analysis showed significant association between the ‘C’ C‐521T allele and AN. Haplotype analysis also showed significant association, particularly a 4‐locus haplotype (exon III&120 bp repeat&C‐521T&A‐809G). Association was also observed between DRD4 and CAPS scores both for AN and control subjects. The insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and the arginine vasopressin 1a receptor (AVPR1a), previously shown to be associated with disordered eating, were also associated with CAPS scores. Three genes associated with AN were also associated with perfectionism. Personality traits are potential endophenotypes for understanding the etiology of eating disorders and one of the several pathways to eating pathology may be mediated by the impact of DNA sequences on perfectionism. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Twenty‐five years of end‐user searching, Part 1: Research findings
Authors: Markey Karen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis is the first part of a two‐part article that reviews 25 years of published research findings on end‐user searching in online information retrieval (IR) systems. In Part 1 (Markey, 2007), the author seeks to answer the following questions: What characterizes the queries that end users submit to online IR systems? What search features do people use? What features would enable them to improve on the retrievals they have in hand? What features are hardly ever used? What do end users do in response to the system's retrievals? Are end users satisfied with their online searches? Summarizing searches of online IR systems by the search features people use everyday makes information retrieval appear to be a very simplistic one‐stop event. In Part 2, the author examines current models of the information retrieval process, demonstrating that information retrieval is much more complex and involves changes in cognition, feelings, and/or events during the information seeking process. She poses a host of new research questions that will further our understanding about end‐user searching of online IR systems.
Novel amphiphilic ternary polysaccharide derivates chitosan‐g‐ PCL‐b‐MPEG: Synthesis, characterization, and aggregation in aqueous solution
Authors: Lu Yiye , Liu Li , Guo Shengrong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChitosan‐g‐PCL‐b‐MPEG copolymers of various compositions were successful synthesized via a protection‐graft‐deprotection procedure, by the esterification of phthaloyl‐protected chitosan (PHCS) with MPEG‐b‐PCL‐COOH, which was synthesized from MPEG and ε‐caprolactone and carboxylated by maleic anhydride. The chemical structure of the chitosan‐g‐PCL‐b‐MPEG was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectroscopy. The chitosan‐g‐PCL‐b‐MPEG was obtained as amphoteric hybrid with amino polysaccharide backbone and amphiphilic MPEG‐b‐PCL side chain. Their crystallinity and aggregation behavior in aqueous solution were also investigated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 86: 403–408, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Hormonal imprinting: phylogeny, ontogeny, diseases and possible role in present‐day human evolution
Authors: Csaba G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHormonal (chemical) imprinting which was first observed (and named) by us in the seventies of the last century, is a general biological phenomenon which takes place when the developing receptor meets its target hormone for the first time. Under the effect of imprinting, receptors mature and reach their maximal binding capacity. It also influences the cells' hormone production and different functions depending on receptors and hormones. Hormonal imprinting is present already at the unicellular level causing the development of specific receptors and helping the easier recognition of useful or harmful surrounding molecules. The phenomenon is an important factor in the survival of the species, as the effect of imprinting is transmitted to the progeny cell generations. At the same time it possibly helps the selection of molecules which are suitable for acting as hormones in higher ranked animals. In mammals, hormonal imprinting takes place perinatally and determines the function of receptor‐signal‐transduction systems as well as hormone production for life. However, there are other critical imprinting periods for continuously developing cells. Excess of the target hormones or presence of foreign molecules which are able to bind to the receptors, provoke faulty imprinting in the critical periods with life‐long morphological, biochemical, functional or behavioural consequences. As many receptor‐bound foreign molecules are used as medical treatments and many such molecules are present around us and inside us as environmental pollutants, they—causing faulty imprinting—are able to predispose the (human) organism to cardiovascular, endocrine, metabolic and cancerous diseases. It seems likely that this effect is connected with disturbance of DNA methylation process in the critical periods of life. There are some signs of the transgenerational effect of faulty imprinting and this could be manifested in the evolution of humans by an epigenetic route. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreased serum dependence in the growth of NIH3T3 cells from the overexpression of human nuclear receptor‐binding SET‐domain‐containing protein 1 (NSD1) or fission yeast su(var)3‐9, enhancer‐of‐zeste, trithorax 2 (SET2)
Authors: Yamada‐Okabe Toshiko , Matsumoto Naomichi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNuclear receptor‐binding SET‐domain‐containing protein 1 (NSD1), a culprit gene for Sotos syndrome, contains a su(var)3‐9, enhancer‐of‐zeste, trithorax (SET) domain that is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity and other domains such as plant homeodomain (PHD) and proline‐tryptophan‐tryptophan‐proline (PWWP) involved in protein–protein interactions in the C‐terminal half of NSD1. To elucidate the function of NSD1 on cell growth, we overexpressed NSD1 in NIH3T3 cells. Cells overexpressing NSD1 grew in the presence of 2% serum, whereas vector transfected cells did not. Overexpression of the C‐terminal half of NSD1 but not the N‐terminal half of NSD1 also produced cell growth under low serum concentration. Furthermore, overexpression in NIH3T3 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe SET2 which has a SET domain but not PHD or PWWP domains conferred the reduced serum dependence. Thus, the SET domain of NSD1 is involved in cell growth by modulating serum dependence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ligand‐Induced Folding of the Adenosine Deaminase A‐Riboswitch and Implications on Riboswitch Translational Control
Authors: Rieder Renate , Lang Kathrin , Graber Dagmar , Micura Ronald 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBy using a structure‐based fluorescence spectroscopic approach, we have examined the folding of an adenine‐responsive riboswitch that regulates translation initiation. We observed adaptive recognition of the ligand for the aptamer domain of adenosine deaminase (add) mRNA from Vibrio vulnificus, and revealed pronounced conformational changes even in the preorganized loop–loop region that is distant from the binding site. Importantly, the full‐length riboswitch domain, which has a potential translational repressor stem is able to form a binary complex with adenine, and does not act as a folding trap to inhibit binding. The aptamer that is extended by the expression platform therefore remains fully responsive to its ligand; this is in contrast to the previously investigated pbuE A‐riboswitch, which becomes trapped in a nonresponsive terminator fold. Consequently, the latter must employ complex response mechanisms, such as operating in kinetic‐control mode or using transcriptional pausing, to provide time for the aptamer portion to fold and to bind. The different behavior of the riboswitches can be rationalized by their distinct sequence interface between the aptamer and expression platform. For the add A‐riboswitch, our data suggest a thermodynamically driven response mechanism.
Chaos theory in chemistry and chemometrics: a review
Authors: Cramer Jeffrey A. , Booksh Karl S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSince the initial development of chaos theory and corollary concepts such as the strange attractor and fractal dimensionality, there has been a nontrivial effort to apply these concepts to the quantification of material and data structures. There exists within chaos theory modeling concepts that allow for thorough complexity analyses not available through alternate paradigms. The purpose of this paper is to review the main body of work that has been pursued in both experimental chemistry research and related data analysis development with respect to chaos theory and derivative ideas. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of Intramolecular Competition between Carboxylate and Phosphonate for PtII with the Aid of a Novel Tridentate Carboxylato‐Thioether‐Phosphonato Ligand
Authors: Hamel Matthieu , Rizzato Silvia , Lecinq Matthieu , Sène Aboubacary , Vazeux Michel , Gulea Mihaela , Albinati Alberto , Kozelka Jiří 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe tridentate dianionic ligand 2‐[2′‐(hydroxyisopropoxyphosphoryl)phenylsulfanyl]benzoate (L2−) reacts with cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ to form an S,O‐chelate in which the O‐coordinated group is either carboxylate or phosphonate, depending on the degree of protonation of the complex. Carboxylate appears to be the stronger ligand, and the stoichiometric reaction between cis‐[Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ and L2− yields the neutral species [Pt(L)(NH3)2], with L bound by sulfanyl and carboxylate groups, both in solution and in the solid state. Upon protonation of [Pt(L)(NH3)2], the stronger basicity of the carboxylate causes the Pt coordination to switch from carboxylate to phosphonate, and the uncoordinated carboxylate group becomes protonated. In methanolic solution, the first‐order kinetics of this rearrangement could be observed by 31P NMR spectroscopy. Both complexes—the carboxylate‐bound neutral complex [Pt(L)(NH3)2]⋅H2O (triclinic, P$\bar 1$ (no. 2), a=9.529(6), b=9.766(6), c=12.299(7) Å, α=106.91(2), β=101.71(2), γ=102.05(2)°, Z=2) and the perchlorate salt of the phosphonate‐bound complex [Pt(LH)(NH3)2]ClO4⋅H2O (monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a=12.095(2), b=14.046(2), c=14.448(2) Å, β=95.55(2)°, Z=4)—were characterized by X‐ray crystallography.
Total Synthesis of Potent Antifungal Marine Bisoxazole Natural Products Bengazoles A and B
Authors: Bull James A. , Balskus Emily P. , Horan Richard A. J. , Langner Martin , Ley Steven V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe bengazoles are a family of marine natural products that display potent antifungal activity and a unique structure, containing two oxazole rings flanking a single carbon atom. Total syntheses of bengazole A and B are described, which contain a sensitive stereogenic centre at this position between the two oxazoles. Additionally, the synthesis of 10‐epi‐bengazole A is reported. Two parallel synthetic routes were investigated, relying on construction of the 2,4‐disubstituted oxazole under mild conditions and a diastereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. Our successful route is high yielding, provides rapid access to single stereoisomers of the complex natural products and allows the synthesis of analogues for biological evaluation.
Intramolecular Mixed‐Valence State Through Silicon or Germanium Double Bridges in Rigid Bis(Tetrathiafulvalenes)
Authors: Biaso Frédéric , Geoffroy Michel , Canadell Enric , Auban‐Senzier Pascale , Levillain Eric , Fourmigué Marc , Avarvari Narcis 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of two ortho‐dimethyltetrathiafulvalene (o‐DMTTF)‐based rigid dimers containing dimethylsilicon (Me2Si) or dimethylgermanium (Me2Ge) linkers are described. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis reveals planar geometry for the central 1,4‐disilicon or 1,4‐digermanium six‐membered rings. DFT calculations provide optimized conformations in agreement with the experimental ones, and also emphasize the role of the heteroatomic linkers in the conjugation between the two redox active units. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show sequential oxidation into radical cation, and then dication species. Solution EPR measurements on the radical‐cation species indicate full delocalization of the unpaired electron over both electroactive TTF units, with an associated coupling of 0.42 G with twelve equivalent protons. DFT calculations afford fully planar geometry for the radical‐cation species and confirm the experimental isotropic coupling constant. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses of two charge‐transfer compounds obtained upon chemical oxidation, formulated as [(Me2Si)2(o‐DMTTF)2]⋅1/2[TCNQ]⋅1/2[TCNQF4] and [(Me2Ge)2(o‐DMTTF)2]⋅[TCNQ], demonstrate the occurrence of genuine mixed‐valence radical‐cation species, as well as a three‐dimensional network of short S⋅⋅⋅S intermolecular contacts. Temperature‐dependent conductivity measurements demonstrate semiconducting behavior for both charge‐transfer compounds, with an increase of the absolute value of the conductivity upon applying external pressure. Band structure calculations reveal peculiar pseudo‐two‐dimensional electronic structures, also confirming electronic interactions through SiMe2 and GeMe2 bridges.
Kinetic Studies and Anaerobic Co‐digestion of Vegetable Market Waste and Sewage Sludge
Authors: Anhuradha S. , Vijayagopal V. , Radha P. , Ramanujam R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of anaerobic co‐digestion of vegetable market waste and sewage sludge was studied extensively. The effects of co‐digestion were compared with the separate digestion of vegetable market waste and sewage sludge. The batch studies were carried out using three bench scale reactors having 1.5 L working volume. The cumulative biogas production shows that the organic waste available from the vegetable waste contains easily biodegradable organic matter compared with the sewage sludge. First order reaction kinetics is maintained throughout the methanation fermentation. The reductions in volatile solids (VS) in the three reactors were in the range of 63–65 %. The specific gas production for vegetable waste was higher (0.75 L biogas/g VSin and 1.17 L biogas/g VSdes) than for the sewage sludge (0.43 L biogas/g VSin and 0.68 L biogas/g VSdes). Consequently, the specific gas production for the co‐digestion of the mixture of vegetable waste and sewage sludge (0.68 L biogas/g VSin and 1.04 L biogas/g VSdes) was considerably higher than for the sewage sludge only. Batch kinetics of anaerobic digestion is useful in predicting the performance of digesters and for the design of appropriate digesters.
On the Use of Venturi Tubes in Aeration
Authors: Baylar Ahmet , Ozkan Fahri , Unsal Mehmet 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe ecological quality of water depends largely on the amount of oxygen that the water can hold. The higher the level of dissolved oxygen, the better the quality of a water system. By measuring dissolved oxygen, scientists determine the quality of water and health of an ecosystem. Oxygen enters water by entrainment of air bubbles. Many industrial and environmental processes involve the aeration of a liquid by such entrainment of air bubbles. Venturi aeration is a method of aeration that has become popular in recent years. When a minimal amount of differential pressure exists between the inlet and outlet sides of a venturi tube, a vacuum (air suction) occurs at the suction holes of the venturi tube. The present paper describes the effect of Reynolds Number, air inlet hole diameter, inlet diameter, pipe length, and angle of pipe downstream of the venturi tube, on the air injection rate. It is observed from the results that venturi tubes have high air injection efficiencies. Therefore, venturi tubes can be used as highly effective aerators in ponds, lakes, fish hatcheries, water treatment plants, etc.
Degree of Sulfate‐Reducing Activities on COD Removal in Various Reactor Configurations in Anaerobic Glucose and Acetate‐fed Reactors
Authors: Erdirencelebi Dilek , Ozturk Izzet , Ubay Cokgor Emine , Ubay Tonuk Gulseren 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSulfate‐reduction data from various anaerobic reactor configurations, e. g., upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR), completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and batch reactor (BR) with synthetic wastewaters, having glucose and acetate as the substrates and different levels of sulfate, were evaluated to determine the level of sulfate‐reducing activity by sulfate‐reducing bacteria coupled to organic matter removal. Anaerobic reactors were observed for the degree of competition between sulfate‐reducing sulfidogens and methane producing bacteria during the degradation of glucose and acetate. Low sulfate‐reducing activity was obtained with a maximum of 20% of organic matter degradation with glucose‐fed upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors (UASBRs), while a minimum of 2% was observed with acetate‐fed batch reactors. The highest sulfate removal performance (72–89%) was obtained from glucose fed‐UASB reactors, with the best results observed with increasing COD/SO4 ratios. UASB reactors produced the highest level of sulfidogenic activity, with the highest sulfate removal and without a performance loss. Hence, this was shown to be the optimum reactor configuration. Dissolved sulfide produced as a result of sulfate reduction reached 325 mg/L and 390 mg/L in CST and UASB reactors, respectively, and these levels were tolerated. The sulfate removal rate was higher at lower COD/SO4 ratios, but the degree of sulfate removal improved with increasing COD/SO4 ratios.
Experimental and Isothermal Studies on Sorption of Congo Red by Modified Mycelial Biomass of Wood‐rotting Fungus
Authors: Binupriya Arthur Raj , Sathishkumar Muthuswamy , Kavitha Dhamodaran , Swaminathan Krishnaswamy , Yun Sei‐Eok , Mun Sung‐Phil 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBatch biosorption experiments were carried out for the removal of Congo red from aqueous solution using native and pretreated mycelial pellets/biomass of Trametes versicolor. The effect of process parameters such as contact time, dye concentration, and pH on the extent of Congo red biosorption has been investigated. Higher dye concentrations resulted in lower biosorption. Increases in biomass dosage led to increases in the levels of biosorption. Biosorption kinetics and equilibrium data are essential basic requirements to develop an effective and accurate design model for the removal of the dye. A kinetic study showed that the biosorption of the dye on fungal biomass was a gradual process. Pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and Bangham's model were used to fit the experimental data. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the second‐order kinetic model fitted well for the present experimental data. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubnin‐Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherms. The biosorption equilibrium data obeyed the Langmuir and Temkin isotherms well. Acidic pH was favorable for the biosorption of the dye. Studies on the pH effect and desorption show that chemisorption seems to play a major role in the biosorption process. Among the native and pretreated biomass studied, autoclaved biomass showed a better biosorption capacity.