bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical value of urinary kidney biomarkers for estimation of renal impairment in elderly Chinese with essential hypertension
Authors: Xu XunHui , Fang Yi , Ji Jun , Jiang SuHua , Xing DingGuang , Fei ShaoHua , Ding XiaoQiang 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to observe the excretion of specific types of urinary proteins and urinary enzymes in elderly essential hypertension patients, for early detection and targeted treatment of hypertensive nephropathy in the elderly. A total of 120 elderly essential hypertensive patients and 38 healthy elderly volunteers were involved. The urinary excretion rate of retinal‐binding protein (RBP), transferrin (Tf), albumin (Alb), and urinary enzyme N‐acetyl‐beta‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were determined. Patients were divided into two groups according to their creatinine clearance (Cockroft‐Gault formula). There were 88 patients in group A, whose glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was ≥80 mL/min, and 32 patients in group B with a GFR <80 mL/min. Among the essential hypertensive patients, urinary excretion rates of RBP, Alb, Tf, and NAG were increased in both groups compared with the healthy controls. But the amount of urinary protein differed between group A and group B. The excretion rate of specific urinary protein and urinary enzyme had a positive relationship with the duration of course of hypertension. We believe that specific types of urinary proteins and urinary enzymes may be useful markers for early diagnosis of hypertensive nephropathy; they can also be regarded as a clinical indicator of the progression of hypertensive nephropathy, serving in the assessment of therapeutic effects. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:86–90, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implementation of cellulomonas cholesterol oxidase for total serum cholesterol determination by the endpoint method
Authors: Srisawasdi Pornpen , Chaichanajarernkul Upsorn , Teerakranjana Narumon , Kroll Martin H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCellulomonas has been shown to be a good source of cholesterol oxidase in addition to Streptomyces for serum cholesterol determination by the endpoint method, inexpensive in cost, and showing excellent performance. For clinical use, we have assessed the reliability of Cellulomonas reagent for cholesterol determination. We constructed the user‐defined endpoint methods on three automated analyzers. The analytical performances (linearity, precision, recovery, interference, stability, and comparison with the standardized method) of Cellulomonas cholesterol reagents were evaluated and compared to those of Streptomyces reagents. Linearity (18.1–23.3 mmol/L) and stability of reagents (6–11 weeks) depended on the analyzers being used. The average within‐run and between‐day % coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 1.44 to 2.45 and 1.98 to 2.99, respectively, and were within National Cholesterol Education Program analytical criteria (≤3%). All assays using both reagents compared favorably with the commercial method and appeared accurate near the clinical decision cut‐points. Hemoglobin concentration at 7.5 g/L only affected the assay using single wavelength measurement. Bilirubin decreased in serum cholesterol recovery while lipemia generated a positive interference with all methods. Cellulomonas enzyme is analytically reliable when used for serum cholesterol determination by the endpoint method. Its analytical performance is equivalent to Streptomyces enzymes and meets the analytical goals. It has an advantage over the other enzymes in that it does not ship in the frozen state. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:50–58, 2008.© 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assay of ischemia‐modified albumin and C‐reactive protein for early diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Liyan Cui , Jie Zhang , Yonghua Wu , Xiaozhou Hu 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDiagnosis of cardiac ischemia in patients coming to emergency departments (ED) with symptoms of acute chest pain is often difficult. Many markers are sensitive and specific for the detection of myocardial necrosis but may not rise during reversible myocardial ischemia. Ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA) has recently been shown to be a sensitive and early biochemical marker of ischemia. The variation laws were observed by measuring IMA and C‐reactive protein (CRP) of 113 patients in ED within 12 hr after onset of chest pain. In the observation, blood was taken for IMA and CRP. Patients underwent standardized triage, diagnostic procedures, and treatment. Results of IMA and CRP were correlated with final diagnoses of nonischemic chest pain (NICP) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). There were obvious distinction of IMA and CRP levelsbetween the NICP and ACS groups. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff of this assay for identifying individuals with ACS patients from NICP. The area under the curves of IMA is 0.948. The sensitivity and specificity of albumin cobalt binding (ACB) at a cutoff value of 70.0 units/mL were 94.4% and 82.6%, respectively. The area under the curves of CRP is 0.746. Sensitivity and specificity of CRP at a cutoff value of 3.16 mg/L were 70.0% and 73.9%, respectively. Negative predictive value (NPV) of IMA and CRP for ischemia origin was 79.2% and 38.6%, respectively. IMA may make an early diagnosis of acute coronary ischemia, and will improve the early diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of ACS. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:45–49, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of ischemia‐modified albumin in anemia associated to chronic kidney disease
Authors: Cichota Luiz Carlos , Moresco Rafael Noal , Duarte Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura , Silva José Edson Paz da 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent, with increasing numbers of patients affected by the disease world‐wide, and anemia is a common finding in patients with CKD. Anemia impacts negatively on cardiovascular disease, exercise capacity, and quality of life, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of ischemia‐modified albumin and lactate in patients with established anemia associated with CKD and its correlations with hemoglobin levels. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, albumin, creatinine, lactate, and ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA) were measured in 17 patients with established anemia associated to CKD and 19 controls by standard methods. The results of hematocrit, hemoglobin, iron, and albumin were lower in the anemia group than in the control group. Ferritin, creatinine, and lactate levels were higher in anemia of the CKD group than the control group. IMA increase in the anemia group (0.8115±0.1304 absorbance units [ABSU]) compared to control (0.4951±0.0393 ABSU). Significant correlations between IMA and lactate, IMA and hemoglobin, IMA and creatinine, and hemoglobin and lactate were observed. IMA and lactate increase during anemia and this elevation could be associated to hypoxia due to low hemoglobin levels. However, our data suggest that lactate is more sensitive to anemia compared to IMA. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:1–5, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seasonal adiposity, correlative changes in metabolic factors and unique reproductive activity in a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi
Authors: Srivastava Raj Kamal , Krishna Amitabh 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of changes in body mass, fat reserves and feeding activity on circulating levels of lipids, glucose, protein and metabolic hormones in a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. Furthermore, the relationship between changes in metabolic factors and hormones with the unique reproductive features of female S. heathi was also examined. The results of this study showed annual variation in body mass, fat reserve and feeding activity, which correlated significantly with circulating levels of lipids, protein and metabolic hormones. Increased corticosterone level during September–October in S. heathi promotes increased feeding activity, which in turn induces hyperinsulinemia in S. heathi during November. Hyperinsulinemia together with low body temperature in November facilitates fat accumulation in bat. Coinciding with the period of fat accumulation raises serum leptin level, which has been demonstrated to suppress ovarian activities thus causing delayed ovulation in S. heathi. Circulating levels of lipids were high during winter dormancy, which may provide energy to stored sperms. The study thus suggests that the unique reproductive features of female vespertilionid bat are strongly linked to fat deposition. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:94–110, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of 6β‐([1‐14C]propoxy)celangulin V
Authors: Yang Zheng‐Min , Ji Zhi‐Qin , Ye Qing‐Fu , Wu Wen‐Jun 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChinese bittersweet, Celastrus angulatus Max., is a widely distributed plant and is used as a traditional insecticide in China. Celangulin V (CA‐V), one of the main insecticidal ingredients from the plant, has special insecticidal mechanism. A synthesized compound, 6β‐propoxycelangulin V, exhibits more remarkable insecticidal activity against insect pests. In this study, the synthesis of a labeled version of a CA‐V analog, 6β‐([1‐14C]propoxy)celangulin V, was accomplished from 1‐[1‐14C]propanol and CA‐V in two steps with the chemical and radiochemical purities of 98.7 and 99.9%, respectively. The labeled compound can be used as a radiotracer to study the mechanism of action of CA‐V analogs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptide fingerprinting of snake venoms by direct infusion nano‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: potential use in venom identification and taxonomy
Authors: Souza Gustavo H. M. F. , Catharino Rodrigo R. , Ifa Demian R. , Eberlin Marcos N. , Hyslop Stephen 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFingerprinting by mass spectrometry has been increasingly used to study venom variations and for taxonomic analyses based on venom components. Most of these studies have concentrated on components heavier than 3 kDa, but Bothrops snake venoms contain many biologically active peptides, principally C‐type natriuretic peptides and bradykinin‐potentiating peptides (BPPs). In this work, we have examined the peptide profile of Bothrops venoms (B. alternatus, B. erythromelas, B. insularis, B. jararaca, B. jararacussu, B. leucurus and B. moojeni) using direct infusion nano‐electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano‐ESI‐MS) subjecting the data further to principal components analysis (PCA) to assess whether the peptide distributions are reliable in distinguishing the venoms. ESI‐MS of a low molar mass fraction obtained by ultrafiltration of each venom (5 kDa nominal cutoff filters) revealed that the venoms have a variety of peptides in common but that each venom also contains taxonomic marker peptides not shared with other venoms. One BPP peptide, QGGWPRPGPEIPP, was found to be common to the seven Bothrops species examined. This peptide may represent a specific marker for this genus since it was not found in the venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus. PCA on the ESI‐MS data reveals a close relationship between B. jararaca, B. jararacussu and B. moojeni venoms, with B. leucurus and B. erythromelas being more distant from these three; B. alternatus and B. insularis were also located distant from these five species, as was C. d. terrificus. These results agree partially with established phylogenetic relationships among these species and suggest that ESI‐MS peptide fingerprinting of snake venoms coupled with PCA is a useful tool for identifying venoms and for taxonomic analyses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation reactions of singly and doubly protonated thiourea‐ and sugar‐substituted cyclams and their transition‐metal complexes
Authors: Felder Thorsten , Röhrich Anika , Stephan Holger , Schalley Christoph A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCyclam macrocycles tetrasubstituted with amino‐, thiourea‐, and sugar‐terminated side chains are ionized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) as singly or doubly protonated species or as transition‐metal complexes. Their fragmentation behavior is examined in a Fourier‐transform ion‐cyclotron‐resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments. Typically, fragmentation occurs within the side chains through a number of different 1,2‐elimination reactions irrespective of the absence or presence of a transition metal ion such as Co2+, Ni2+, or Zn2+. A remarkable exception is Cu2+, which induces ring cleavage reactions. This is traced back to an electron transfer from the cyclam nitrogen atoms to the Cu2+ ion. The electron transfer creates a cation‐radical within the macrocycle, which induces typical fragmentation reactions such as α‐cleavages that lead to fragmentation within the macrocycle. This interpretation is in line with fragmentation experiments on unsubstituted cyclam and its complexes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ESI‐MS studies of mixed‐ligand Fe(II) complexes containing 1,10‐phenanthroline and 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione as ligands
Authors: Kobetić Renata , Gembarovski Dubravka , Baranović Goran , Gabelica Vesna 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn order to monitor the progression of the synthesis and the separation of novel mixed‐ligand iron complexes containing 1,10‐phenanthroline, 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione, and NCS− as ligands all products were mass analyzed by electrospray ionization ion trap MS/MS. The spectra of methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), water, and ethanol (EtOH) solutions were collected and the results were compared. It was detected under applied electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) conditions that MeOH, water, and EtOH formed solvent clusters around the free or complexed 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione. Owing to the solvent‐ligand hydrogen‐bond formation, the solvent‐ligand clusters were formed in the polar protic solvents. The number of protic solvent molecules per complex ion in cluster depended on the number of 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione ligands in the complex ion. Unlike MeOH, EtOH, or water, ACN was not involved in the formation of the solvent clusters with the iron complexes containing 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione as ligand. We also showed that the NCS− group under certain solvent conditions served as a bidentate ligand. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion mobility–mass spectrometry
Authors: Kanu Abu B. , Dwivedi Prabha , Tam Maggie , Matz Laura , Hill Herbert H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis review article compares and contrasts various types of ion mobility–mass spectrometers available today and describes their advantages for application to a wide range of analytes. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), when coupled with mass spectrometry, offers value‐added data not possible from mass spectra alone. Separation of isomers, isobars, and conformers; reduction of chemical noise; and measurement of ion size are possible with the addition of ion mobility cells to mass spectrometers. In addition, structurally similar ions and ions of the same charge state can be separated into families of ions which appear along a unique mass‐mobility correlation line. This review describes the four methods of ion mobility separation currently used with mass spectrometry. They are (1) drift‐time ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS), (2) aspiration ion mobility spectrometry (AIMS), (3) differential‐mobility spectrometry (DMS) which is also called field‐asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and (4) traveling‐wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS). DTIMS provides the highest IMS resolving power and is the only IMS method which can directly measure collision cross‐sections. AIMS is a low resolution mobility separation method but can monitor ions in a continuous manner. DMS and FAIMS offer continuous‐ion monitoring capability as well as orthogonal ion mobility separation in which high‐separation selectivity can be achieved. TWIMS is a novel method of IMS with a low resolving power but has good sensitivity and is well intergrated into a commercial mass spectrometer. One hundred and sixty references on ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IMMS) are provided. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complement‐modulating water‐soluble polysaccharide fractions in two global staple cereals: rice and wheat
Authors: Yamagishi Tatsunori , Yamaguchi Akitsugu , Saito Takayuki , Seguchi Masaharu 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: There has been considerable interest recently in the physiological effects of foods on health. Research has focused on biological effects on the immune system, as substances related to the human defense system are expected to be found in staple cereals. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether water‐soluble polysaccharide fractions in wheat have anticomplementary activity, which was found in rice, and to distinguish between real complement inhibitors and complement‐activating substances.RESULTS: Anticomplementary activity of polysaccharide isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, a medicinal herb, showed similar potency to that of rice polysaccharides but not wheat polysaccharide. By varying pre‐incubation time with complement, rice polysaccharides were identified as a stimulator of both the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation (humoral immunity).CONCLUSION: Non‐amylaceous water‐soluble polysaccharide fractions in cereals do not necessarily have similar activity, whereas it is a new finding that staple cereals include this immunomodulating activity, which is positively related to health. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Footstep adjustments used to turn during walking in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Huxham Frances , Baker Richard , Morris Meg E. , Iansek Robert 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTurning during walking is frequently problematic in Parkinson's disease (PD). The spatiotemporal characteristics of footstep adjustments used to turn 60 and 120 degrees were examined in 10 people with PD and 10 age, gender‐ and height‐matched control subjects, using three‐dimensional motion analysis. Control subjects used a recognizable pattern of spatial and temporal footstep modulations to turn. Participants with PD demonstrated significant differences in almost all variables. They (1) failed to turn as far as their peers; (2) showed a similar but scaled‐down pattern of spatial adjustments to turn; (3) used shorter strides when walking, with exaggerated reductions when turning; and (4) demonstrated small but significant temporal differences in step time adjustments. Group differences were more marked for the larger turn. Spatial results, interpreted in light of hypothesized basal ganglia dysfunction, are consistent with a normal motor command but impaired ability to maintain movement amplitude. Differences in adjustment of step time to turn may reflect impaired locomotor timing control in subjects with PD during challenging gait tasks. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Aceruloplasminemia: A novel mutation in a family with marked phenotypic variability
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Colosimo Cesare , Miyajima Hiroaki , Tonali Pietro Attilio , Re Thomas J. , Bentivoglio Anna Rita 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHereditary aceruloplasminemia (HA) is a rare inherited disease characterized by anemia, iron overload, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. HA is caused by the homozygous mutation of the ceruloplasmin (CP) gene. We report two siblings with markedly different phenotypes carrying a novel mutation: a homozygous deletion of two nucleotides (1257–1258 TT del) causing the premature stop of the Cp protein translation (Y401X). An early diagnosis of iron overload was made in the female sibling who was subsequently treated with deferoxamine. At the age of 54, her neurologic symptoms were limited to mild akinetic signs and a history of seizures; moreover, her fasting blood glucose level never exceeded 120 mg/dL. The male sibling, who had not received any specific treatment for HA, developed severe diabetes at the age of 32 and at 48 manifested a progressively disabling neurologic disease. Possible physiopathological bases of these intrafamilial phenotypic variations are discussed. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Impact of apoE genotype on oxidative stress, inflammation and disease risk
Authors: Jofre‐Monseny Laia , Minihane Anne‐Marie , Rimbach Gerald 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlthough in developing countries an apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) genotype may offer an evolutionary advantage, as it has been shown to offer protection against certain infectious disease, in Westernised societies it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and represents a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, late‐onset Alzheimer's disease and other chronic disorders. ApoE is an important modulator of many stages of lipoprotein metabolism and traditionally the increased risk was attributed to higher lipid levels in E4 carriers. However, more recent evidence demonstrates the multifunctional nature of the apoE protein and the fact that the impact of genotype on disease risk may be in large part due to an impact on oxidative status or the immunomodulatory/anti‐inflammatory properties of apoE. An increasing number of studies in cell lines, targeted replacement rodents and human volunteers indicate higher oxidative stress and a more pro‐inflammatory state associated with the ε4 allele. The impact of genotype on the antioxidant and immunomodulatory/anti‐inflammatory properties of apoE is the focus of the current review. Furthermore, current information on the impact of environment (diet, exercise, smoking status, alcohol) on apoE genotype‐phenotype associations are discussed with a view to identifying particular lifestyle strategies that could be adapted to counteract the ‘at‐risk’ E4 genotype.
Acrolein: Sources, metabolism, and biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease
Authors: Stevens Jan F. , Maier Claudia S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAcrolein (2‐propenal) is ubiquitously present in (cooked) foods and in the environment. It is formed from carbohydrates, vegetable oils and animal fats, amino acids during heating of foods, and by combustion of petroleum fuels and biodiesel. Chemical reactions responsible for release of acrolein include heat‐induced dehydration of glycerol, retro‐aldol cleavage of dehydrated carbohydrates, lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Strecker degradation of methionine and threonine. Smoking of tobacco products equals or exceeds the total human exposure to acrolein from all other sources. The main endogenous sources of acrolein are myeloperoxidase‐mediated degradation of threonine and amine oxidase‐mediated degradation of spermine and spermidine, which may constitute a significant source of acrolein in situations of oxidative stress and inflammation. Acrolein is metabolized by conjugation with glutathione and excreted in the urine as mercapturic acid metabolites. Acrolein forms Michael adducts with ascorbic acid in vitro, but the biological relevance of this reaction is not clear. The biological effects of acrolein are a consequence of its reactivity towards biological nucleophiles such as guanine in DNA and cysteine, lysine, histidine, and arginine residues in critical regions of nuclear factors, proteases, and other proteins. Acrolein adduction disrupts the function of these biomacromolecules which may result in mutations, altered gene transcription, and modulation of apoptosis.