bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences in middle turbinectomy
Authors: Morgenstein Karl M. , Krieger Myles K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRhinologists have long cautioned about removal of the middle turbinate, though exenteration of the ethmoid labyrinth including the middle turbinate has shown the structure can be sacrificed. The middle turbinate can be removed in the crowded nose often with septoplasty and partial inferior turbinectomy, to improve the nasal airway. A vasoactive middle turbinate which engorges and compresses against an often deviated nasal septum gives rise to the “four finger headache” patient for whom middle turbinectomy, often with septoplasty, is helpful. Point cocainization of the compressed site helps prognosticate the good candidate for surgical relief. Patients with purulent sinusitis have been excluded from the study. Results have been good to excellent with no long‐term adverse sequelae. There has been no crusting, drying, or infection as a result of our middle turbinectomies. Careful patient selection is critical.
Thin needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland
Authors: Frable Mary Ann , Frable William Jackson 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBetween 1973 and December 1978, the authors performed 133 thin needle aspiration biopsies of the thyroid gland. Thin needle aspiration biopsy has proved valuable in this series and may save some patients the necessity of thyroid surgery. The procedure, performed quickly, results in a diagnosis usually available minutes later, and a definite patient disposition can be made promptly. At a time of medical cost containment, this procedure will become more important in patient care.Review of our aspirations through 1977 revealed three false negative biopsies and two false positive reports.Important differential characteristics between follicular neoplasm and nodular or ade‐nomatous goiter will be discussed. Neoplasms appear to represent a smaller percentage of cold thyroid nodules than reported elsewhere.
Epidermoid carcinoma of the nasal vestibule: Current treatment evaluation
Authors: Schaefer Steven D. , Hill Gary C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwelve cases of epidermoid carcinoma of the nasal vestibule with a median follow‐up of three years were reviewed to evaluate effectiveness of current treatment modalities. Patients were initially treated by surgery, irradiation, or a combination of both therapies. The authors conclude 1. epidermoid carcinoma of the nasal vestibule is an aggressive disease; 2. once metastases have occurred, they are poorly controlled by surgery and/or irradiation; and 3. initial therapy should be directed to both control of the primary and prevention of distant metastases.
Frey's syndrome: Incidence related to skin flap thickness in parotidectomy
Authors: Singleton George T. , Cassisi Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSymptomatic gustatory sweating and inflammation of the skin over the site of the parotidectomy occurs in from 5 to 25% of cases. In a series of 164 studied, 6 of 48 patients with thin flaps developed significant Frey's syndrome. These figures are significant at the 95% confidence level.
Multiple granular cell tumor
Authors: Jones John K. , Kuo Tseng‐Tong , Griffiths Ceri M. , Itharat Suphot 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEleven cases of granular cell tumor were reviewed. In two of the cases multiple sites of involvement were seen. The tumor occurred in the oral cavity in both of these cases and each was initially wrongly diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. The most common site was the subcutaneous tissue (nine patients) and the tongue was involved in three cases. In one patient the parotid gland was involved. Eight of the patients were females and three were males; seven were black and four were white. The importance of differentiating between squamous cell carcinoma and granular cell tumor is stressed, as is the need for a simple wide surgical excision.
Fibrous histiocytoma of the nasal cavity
Authors: Del‐Rey Enrique , De‐La‐Torre Fernando E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe case of a 17‐year‐old female patient with a polypoid tumor in the right nasal fossa, diagnosed as fibrous histiocytoma and treated by polypectomy and maxillectomy, is reported. It represents a very unusual variety of nasal neoplasm, generally of unpredictable course. The clinical and morphological characteristics of seven previously published additional cases are also reviewed.
Early diagnosis in bell's palsy. A nerve conduction study
Authors: Joachims H. Z. , Bialik V. , Eliachar I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn 100 consecutive patients affected by idiopathic facial palsy the final degree of recovery was found to be inversely related to the distal latency time (DLT) measured within 72 hours of the onset of the disease. Incomplete recovery occurred in 77% of patients in whom the DLT was prolonged more than 10.0 msec, while complete recovery was found in 92% of cases in whom the DLT was less than 6.0 msec. This inexpensive test is easily and quickly performed and does not depend on the subjective responses or the cooperation of the patients. It may fill the gap between the onset of the palsy and the period in which other electrodiagnostic tests can be usefully employed.
Issues in early identification of hearing loss.
Authors: Alberti Peter W. , Hyde Martyn L. , Corbin Hollis , Riko Krista A , Fitzhardinge Pamela M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn a general hospital, an early detection research program based on a high risk register and brain stem electric response audiometry (BERA) using click and frequency‐specific stimuli identified 631 at‐risk neonates from the well baby nursery and the neonatal intensive care nursery (ICN). BERA tests were done before discharge and four months later; comparison of outcomes revealed substantial discrepancies. From the follow‐up test, 51 cases of mild to severe hearing loss were identified.Experience from the research program has raised some issues relevant for establishment of service programs. Evaluation of all babies (general nursery and ICN) is justified on the basis of yield but is resource consuming; strategies for minimizing work load are discussed. Risk factor criterion levels affect case loading and yield. Frequency‐specific BERA identifies cases which would not be detected by click stimuli and which raise management questions. Deferral of testing to four months is feasible and desirable.
Industrial audiometry and the otologist.
Authors: Dobie Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Hearing Conservation Amendment published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1983 requires hearing conservation programs to be provided for over 5 million workers whose daily noise exposures exceed 85 dBA time‐weighted average. The permissible exposure level is 90 dBA, above which the use of hearing protectors is mandatory. Current policies rely heavily on periodic audiometry to detect early threshold shifts due to inadequate use of hearing protection or to individual variation in susceptibility to noise induced hearing loss (NIHL).Studies including over 1,000 noise exposed workers have shown that audiometry in the industrial setting is less reliable than clinical audiometry. Pure tone averaging markedly reduces test‐retest variability and should be incorporated into rules for decision‐making based on industrial audiometry. However, at least half of observed shifts are spurious. In addition, aging is an important confounding variable; in our data, about half of the population mean threshold shift seen was attributable to aging. Thus, only a minority of threshold shifts seen in industrial audiometry are due to NIHL. The large number of “false positive” shifts will inevitably eventually have the effect of a de facto lowering of the permissible exposure level to 85 dBA.Otologic referral and major administrative action should be reserved for large or repeated threshold shifts. OSHA does not specify rules for otologic referral, but the criteria recommended by the American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery are reasonable and should be supported. The necessity for otologic evaluation in the differential diagnosis of NIHL from other entities (particularly baseline audiometric abnormalities) is not universally appreciated; otolaryngologists need to educate their medical and nonmedical colleagues about this.
The immunocompromised human host: Diagnosis and treatment.
Authors: Sprinkle Philip M. , Mcclung James E. , James Paine A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe immunocompromised human host may be subject to recurrent infection and/or malignant transformation. Signs and symptoms of depressed immunity generally reflect the degree of compromise. The laboratory diagnosis of the immune compromised host is presented. A review is given of the clinical manifestations and appropriate current therapy.
Idiopathic (bell's) facial palsy: Natural history defies steroid or surgical treatment.
Authors: May Mark , Klein Susan R. , Taylor Floyd H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIdiopathic (Bell's) facial palsy is a self‐limiting, non‐life threatening, and spontaneously remitting disorder. The natural history of Bell's palsy is favorable: 84% of 1011 patients with Bell's palsy studied by one investigator recovered satisfactorily without treatment, and no valid clinical trials conducted to date have provided definitive evidence that treatment with steroids or surgery improves upon this figure. The authors studied 273 patients with Bell's palsy to evaluate the prognostic significance of evoked eleetromyography in predicting the possible benefit of transmastoid facial nerve surgical decompression. The results indicated that even when evoked electromyography was used to select those patients who might benefit most from transmastoid surgery, outcome in patients treated surgically was no better than can be expected to occur without treatment. Based upon these observations, transmastoid facial nerve surgery is not recommended to treat Bell's palsy because no benefits have been identified which outweigh the risks of surgery.
Mimetic surgery for the paralyzed face
Authors: Spector J. Gershon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne hundred ten patients with facial nerve paralyses were treated by various surgical methods. Eighty‐six patients had total facial nerve paralyses and 24 had segmental paralyses. In the total paralysis group, 62 patients had oncologic procedures or tumor induced paralysis. In the segmental paralysis group, 14 patients had malignancies. Two patients had idiopathic facial nerve paralysis.In the total paralysis group, 59 had neural reconstructions, 7 neuromuscular pedicles, and 20 muscle‐fascia transpositions. The segmental paralysis group was divided into an upper facial palsy group (n= 11) and lower facial palsy group (n= 13). Five patients had neural transpositions, 5 had muscle‐fascia transpositions, and 14 had plastic reconstructions.The results were analyzed by various methods and grading systems. The data indicate that neural repairs produce better results than muscle‐fascia transpositions or plastic reconstructions. Within the repairs, the procedures are listed in an hierarchical order of cosmetic and functional results.The average follow‐up for the entire group was 2.8 years. The average follow‐up for the neural repair group was 3.2 years, and for the muscle fascia transpositions, 14.1 months.
Allergic fungal sinusitis: The Mayo clinic experience
Authors: Thane Cody D. , Bryan Neel H. , Ferreiro Jorge A. , Roberts Glenn D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe diagnosis of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) is difficult to establish. The clinical presentation is not diagnostic. We define current criteria for diagnosis and the role of total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the disease process and review the clinical features of this disease.Fifty‐one cases were identified in 44 patients who demonstrated characteristic allergic mucin. Thirty‐one of these cases satisfied rigid criteria for the diagnosis of AFS. Twenty of these cases were classified as AFS‐like syndrome.The prevalence of strictly defined AFS was 4.0%. Dematiaceous fungi were the predominant agents cultured. All our patients had polyps, 23 (54%) had asthma, 12 (27%) had aspirin sensitivity, 20 (65%) had eosinophilia, and 9 (69%) had increased total IgE levels.
Juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma: Androgen receptors and their significance for tumor growth
Authors: Hagen Rudolf , Romalo Gabriela , Schwab Burkard , Hoppe Florian , Schweikert Hans‐Udo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince the publications of Martin, et al. (1948) and Schiff (1959), who were the first to report on the administration of sex hormones to juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma (JNF) patients, several authors have described the different clinical effects and histologic changes after androgen and estrogen application. Since the mechanism of action of sex steroids in juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma is almost unknown, the authors have studied androgen receptor binding in cultured tumor fibroblasts from three patients with JNF. Maximum androgen binding (Bmax) of the tumor fibroblasts approximated to that of genital skin fibroblasts, which served as a control androgen target tissue with high receptor density. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that the growth rate of tumor fibroblasts increased when testosterone was added to the culture medium, while the addition of two antiandrogens, cyproterone and flutamide, caused a reduction in growth rate.It is concluded from these results that JNF is a hormone‐dependent tumor stimulated by testosterone whose growth rate may, at least in vitro, be reduced by antiandrogens such as cyproterone and flutamide.
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for snoring: Long‐term results
Authors: Levin Barry C. , Becker Gary D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) has become a widely practiced procedure in the management of snoring. In a number of studies, all based on short‐term follow‐up, snoring was reduced or eliminated in 75% to 95% of patients. Because a declinein the initial success rate was casually observed, a formal analysis of the initial and long‐term results of UPPP for snoring was made in the present study. From 1985 to 1989, 69 patients with severe habitual snoring were retrospectively analyzed. A scoring system was devised for snoring, and each patient was interviewed regarding the effects of UPPP on his or her snoring 16 to 75 (mean 44) months after surgery. In 60 (87%) of 69 patients, snoring was initially significantly reduced or totally eliminated. After 13 months the success rate dropped to 46% (32 of 69 patients). Most failures occurred between 6 and 12 months of surgery, after which time the success rate remained relatively stable.The authors' conclusion that the long‐term success rate of UPPP for snoring declines significantly with time has obvious implications regarding pre‐surgical patient counseling.
Scintigraphic assessment of swallow efficiency postlaryngectomy
Authors: Hamlet Sandra L. , Wilson Stephen , Stachler Robert J. , Salwen Walter A. , Muz Jaroslaw , Heilbrun Lance K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere have been reports of a high incidence of hypopharyngeal stenosis in total laryngectomy patients when the surgery requires a partial pharyngectomy for pyriform sinus involvement. In this study, three groups were compared: total laryngectomy patients without partial pharyngectomy, total laryngectomy patients with partial pharyngectomy, and normal controls. All patients had received radiation therapy following surgery. All were maintaining oral nutrition, and none complained of dysphagia. Patients were tested between 1 and 7 months postradiation therapy, with a mean of 3 months. Measures of swallowing efficiency were based on scintigraphic data for a liquid swallow. Patients with partial pharyngectomy had abnormally long oropharyngeal transit times and low efficiency scores. For a subgroup of patients with partial pharyngectomy, swallowing data were available postsurgery and postradiation therapy. Postsurgery this patient group did not differ significantly from normal patients in swallowing efficiency, and swallowing efficiency deteriorated in postradiation therapy. This scintigraphic methodology is shown to be a sensitive method of assessing swallowing function in this patient population.
Changing patterns in pediatric supraglottis: A multi‐institutional review, 1980 to 1992
Authors: Senior Brent A. , Radkowski Diana , Macarthur Carol , Sprecher Robert C. , Jones Dwight 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSupraglottitis is a rapidly progressive, life‐threatening airway emergency in pediatric patients typically caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB). With distribution of the first efficacious vaccine for HIB in April 1985, changing disease patterns have begun to emerge; however, certain characteristics have remarkably persisted.The authors reviewed 252 pediatric patients with acute supraglottitis spanning the prevaccination and postvaccination years 1980 to 1992 at three major regional pediatric hospitals in Massachusetts, Ohio, and California, as well as at two community hospitals in Massachusetts. Findings include a decline in disease prevalence in all geographic areas with demographic, etiologic, and management evolution all seen. Children who had been immunized yet developed supraglottitis have been examined as predictive of future trends.
ras Mutations and expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Yarbrough Wendell G. , Shores Carol , Witsell David L. , Weissler Mark C. , Fidler Mary E. , Gilmer Tona M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMutational activation and overexpression of the family of ras proto‐oncogenes have been associated with many human tumors. The role of mutations of H‐ras, K‐ras, and N‐ras, as well as expression of the respective protein products (p21s) in normal mucosa, dysplastic mucosa, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck has not been fully described. In our study, 51 tumors (40 paraffin embedded and 11 fresh frozen) were examined to determine if mutational activation of ras is an important molecular event in head and neck SCC. Analyses of codons 12, 13, and 61 of H‐ras, K‐ras, and N‐ras revealed no mutations, suggesting that mutational activation of ras is not important in the majority of head and neck SCCs.Immunocytochemistry (ICC) was used to define the expression of H‐ras, K‐ras, and N‐ras in normal mucosa, dysplastic mucosa, and SCC of the head and neck and to determine if expression of ras family members correlated with early or late events in the development of SCC. Expression of p21N‐ras in nine samples of histologically normal head and neck mucosa revealed moderate staining in the basal proliferative layers with progressively less staining as cells matured. The most superficial layers of normal mucosa failed to express p21N‐ras. A low level of p21H‐ras was expressed in all layers of normal mucosa while K‐ras was not expressed. ICC of SCC tumor sections revealed cytoplasmic expression of N‐ras in nine of nine tumors, H‐ras in five of nine tumors, and K‐ras in one of nine tumors. Expression of H‐ras, K‐ras, and N‐ras in head and neck SCC was not related to histologic differentiation or TNM staging; however, p21N‐ras was overexpressed in seven of nine tumors. Furthermore, the pattern of N‐ras expression in dysplastic lesions revealed expression in all layers of the mucosa in contrast to normal mucosa, which expresses p21N‐ras primarily in the basal proliferative layer. The change in p21N‐ras expression pattern in dysplastic mucosa and its overexpression in the majority of tumors suggest that loss of control of N‐ras expression may be an early step in carcinogenesis of head and neck SCC.
Effect of artificial airway on ear complications from hyperbaric oxygen
Authors: Presswood Garron , Zamboni William A. , Stephenson Linda L. , Santos Perry M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHyperbaric oxygen treatment is associated with an increased risk of barotrauma to the tympanic membrane and middle ear. An artificial airway may compromise normal eustachian tube function and equilibration of middle ear pressures. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the risk of middle ear complications in 267 patients receiving hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy and to compare those with and without artificial airways. Charts of all patients were reviewed for middle ear and tympanic membrane complications and myringotomy tube placement. Eighteen of the 267 patients had artificial airways. Seventeen (94%) of these 18 patients developed middle ear or tympanic membrane complications, and 11 (61%) required tympanostomy tubes for pain, hemo‐tympanum, or serous otitis. In contrast, 114 (45.8%) of the 249 patients without airways developed ear complications, and 53 (21.3%) required tympanostomy tubes. These results suggest that patients with an artificial airway who are receiving HBO therapy are at greater risk for developing tympanic membrane and middle ear complications than nonintubated patients. Similarly, patients with artificial airways receiving HBO frequently require placement of tympanostomy tubes.
Influence of an Erbium, Chromium‐Doped Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, and Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) Laser on the Reestablishment of the Biocompatibility of Contaminated Titanium Implant Surfaces
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Nuesry Enaas , Bieling Katrin , Herten Monika , Becker Jürgen 
Published: October 2006

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of an erbium, chromium‐doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG laser [ERCL]) on 1) the surface structure and biocompatibility of titanium implants and 2) the removal of plaque biofilms and reestablishment of the biocompatibility of contaminated titanium surfaces.Methods: Intraoral splints were used to collect an in vivo supragingival biofilm on sand‐blasted and acid‐etched titanium disks for 24 hours. ERCL was used at an energy output of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 W for the irradiation of 1) non‐contaminated (20 and 25 Hz) and 2) plaque‐contaminated (25 Hz) titanium disks. Unworn and untreated non‐irradiated, sterile titanium disks served as untreated controls (UC). Specimens were incubated with SaOs‐2 osteoblasts for 6 days. Treatment time, residual plaque biofilm (RPB) areas (%), mitochondrial cell activity (MA) (counts per second), and cell morphology/surface changes (scanning electron microscopy [SEM]) were assessed.Results: 1) ERCL using either 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 W at both 20 and 25 Hz resulted in comparable mean MA values as measured in the UC group. A monolayer of flattened SaOs‐2 cells showing complete cytoplasmatic extensions and lamellopodia was observed in both ERCL and UC groups. 2) Mean RPB areas decreased significantly with increasing energy settings (53.8 ± 2.2 at 0.5 W to 9.8 ± 6.2 at 2.5 W). However, mean MA values were significantly higher in the UC group.Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that even though ERCL exhibited a high efficiency to remove plaque biofilms in an energy‐dependent manner, it failed to reestablish the biocompatibility of contaminated titanium surfaces.