bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early detection of melanoma: Evaluating the combined use of total body photography and sequential digital dermoscopic imaging in a national health service setting
Authors: Hodgkinson Tara , Vereker Ciara , Spencer Ashley 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Early detection of thin, stage 1A melanoma is crucial in improving patient outcomes, but this can be clinically challenging in patients with multiple atypical naevi. We report an observational study evaluating the effectiveness of a UK based Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) led total body photography (TBP) and sequential digital dermoscopic imaging (SDDI) programme, for patients at high risk of developing melanoma. 1680 patients underwent 6890 TBP and SDDI sessions, with 345 excision biospsies of clinically suspcious melanocytic lesions performed (5% sessions). Twenty-one pT1a and pT1b melanomas (6.1% of biopsies), 20 melanoma-in-situ (5.8% biopsies) and 150 dysplastic naevi (43.5% biopsies) were identified. Mean Breslow Thickness (BT) was 0.52mm (range 0.2-1mm). 95.2% of melanomas had a BT of &lt;0.8mm without ulceration (pT1a), and the number needed to biopsy (NNB) was 8.41. Our UK experience demonstrates that a nurse-led programme of TBP with SDDI can be a clinically effective strategy for detection of early melanoma and melanoma-in-situ.
Provisioning of vitellogenic follicles continues after green turtles arrive at the nesting beach
Authors: Bruno Renato Saragoça , Bolten Alan B , Bjorndal Karen A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the energetic demands of reproduction on female sea turtles is crucial for devising effective conservation strategies aimed at supporting the reproductive health and resilience of populations at nesting habitats. We studied the ovaries of 69 green turtles (Chelonia mydas) preyed upon by jaguars (Panthera onca) during three nesting seasons at Tortuguero, Costa Rica, the main green turtle Atlantic nesting beach. Our findings revealed a bimodal distribution of vitellogenic follicles, with ‘dominant’ follicles destined for ovulation and ‘non-dominant’ follicles to be resorbed. Female green turtles lay, on average, six clutches with ~110 eggs each per nesting season, and a size hierarchy was also found within dominant follicles. During the nesting season, the diameter of small dominant follicles increased by 66% prior to ovulation. Analysis of yolk composition showed that small dominant follicles had higher percent water content than large dominant follicles, which indicates dry matter deposition rather than hydration is responsible for the pre-ovulatory increase in diameter of green turtle dominant follicles during the nesting season. Furthermore, percentages of lipid, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the yolk dry matter were constant across green turtle vitellogenic follicles, which underscores that the increase in follicle size results from provisioning with yolk containing similar proportions of these nutrients. Atretic follicles had higher water and lower P percentages than dominant follicles, indicating an accelerated resorption of phosphorus over lipids and N, which could be due to the importance of this nutrient for eggshell production. Finally, &gt;49% of the energy required for egg production was still to be invested during the nesting season, and yolk from non-dominant follicles would not have provided sufficient energy for most females to complete yolk deposition. These insights into follicular dynamics and nutrient provisioning clarify the ongoing reproductive investments made by female green turtles at Tortuguero.
Provocation: Is there an assumed need for participatory design with children?
Authors: Sim Gavin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper reflects on participatory design practices within the child–computer interaction (CCI) community, which has a long tradition of advocating the inclusion of children in the design process. The benefits of involving children are widely cited in the CCI literature. However, through a critical analysis of children’s current technology usage, research and industry practice, this paper offers three provocations relating to participatory design and children. The first focuses on what constitutes participatory design, suggesting that the use of children in a single design activity to generate ideas is very distant from traditional participatory design (PD) and thus should not be referred to as PD. the second is that there needs to be a shift toward researching and developing methods to enable children to participate in design activities that align with industry timelines. The final provocation suggests that unless there are some tangible benefits of including children in PD of technology or impact can be demonstrated from the work, then an ethical debate is needed about their role and inclusion. These three provocations are designed to question and stimulate the debate around the benefits and values of including children in the design process. Without a critical reflection on current practices and processes, current trends may continue and design practices within the industry may not evolve.
Unlocking the agro-physiological potential of wheat rhizoplane fungi using a niche-conserved consortium construction approach with low P conditions
Authors: Benbrik Brahim , Reid Tessa E , Nkir Dounia , Chaouki Hicham , Aallam Yassine , Clark Ian M , Mauchline Tim H , Harris Jim , Pawlett Mark , Barakat Abdellatif , Rchiad Zineb , Bargaz Adnane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) hold promises for enhancing crop yield. This study delves into fungal diversity of the wheat rhizoplane across seven Moroccan agricultural regions, employing a niche-conserved strategy to construct fungal consortia (FC) exhibiting higher phosphorus (P) acquisition and plant growth promotion. This study combined culture-independent and culture-dependent methods exploring taxonomic and functional diversity in the rhizoplane of wheat plants obtained from twenty-eight zones. Twenty fungal species from eight genera were isolated and confirmed through ITS Sanger sequencing. P solubilization (PS) capacity was assessed for individual species, with Talaromyces sp. (F11) and Rhizopus arrhizus CMRC 585 (F12) exhibiting notable PS rates, potentially due to organic acid production like gluconic acid. PGP traits and antagonism activities were considered when constructing twenty-eight niche-conserved FC (using isolates from the same zone), seven intra-region FC (different zones within a region), and one inter-regions FC. Under low P conditions, in-planta inoculation with niche-conserved FC (notably FC14 and FC17) enhanced growth, physiological parameters and P uptake of wheat, in both vegetative and reproductive stages. FC14 and FC17, composed of potent fungi such as F11 and F12, demonstrated superior plant growth benefits compared to intra- and inter-regions constructed FC. Our study underscores the efficacy of the niche-conserved strategy in constructing FC from isolates within the same niche, proving significant agro-physiological potential to enhance P uptake and plant growth of wheat.
Improved robustness to gene tree incompleteness, estimation errors, and systematic homology errors with weighted TREE-QMC
Authors: Han Yunheng , Molloy Erin K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Summary methods are widely used to reconstruct species trees from gene tres while accommodating discordance from incomplete lineage sorting; however, it is increasingly recognized that their accuracy can be negatively impacted by incomplete and/or error-ridden gene trees. To address the latter, Zhang and Mirarab (2022) updated the popular summary method ASTRAL so that it weights quartets based on gene tree branch lengths and support values. The implementation of these weighting schemes presented computational challenges, leading Zhang and Mirarab (2022) to replace ASTRAL’s original algorithm (i.e., computing an exact solution within a constrained search space) in favor of search heuristics based on phylogenetic placement. Here, we show that these weighting schemes can be effectively leveraged within the Quartet Max Cut framework of Snir and Rao (2010), introducing weighted TREE-QMC. The incorporation of weighting schemes into TREE-QMC required only a small increase in time complexity compared to the unweighted algorithm; fortunately, the increase in runtime was also small, behaving more like a constant factor in our simulation study. Moreover, weighted TREE-QMC was fast and highly competitive with weighted ASTRAL, even outperforming it in terms of species tree accuracy on some challenging simulation conditions, such as large numbers of taxa. In reanalyzing two avian data sets, we found that weighting quartets by gene tree branch lengths can improve robustness to systematic homology errors and can be as effective as removing the impacted taxa from individual gene trees or removing the impacted gene trees entirely. Lastly, our study revealed that TREE-QMC was robust to extreme rates of missing taxa, suggesting its utility as a supertree method. Source code for weighted TREE-QMC is available on Github: (https://github.com/molloy-lab/TREE-QMC)
Two-Phase Individual Assessments: A Second-Chance Assessment Strategy With Individualized Feedback to Promote Assessment for Learning
Authors: Zagaar Munder , Haudek Sandra B. , Boedeker Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Problem
High-stakes multiple-choice question (MCQ) exams in medical education typically focus on assessment of learning at a single point without providing feedback for improvement. Educators can achieve a more balanced approach to MCQ exams by combining efficient assessment of learning with the feedback and improvement opportunities of assessment for learning.

Approach
As part of a curriculum renewal at Baylor College of Medicine’s MD program, the Two-Phase Individual Assessment (TPIA) model was launched within a 4-week preclinical Foundations of Medicine course in August 2023. The TPIA model featured weekly assessments, each consisting of 2 MCQ exams given on the same day with a 4-hour study period in between. Exams were paired, consisting of an equal number of items that addressed the same learning objectives. After the initial exam, students received an individualized feedback report indicating correctly and incorrectly answered objectives. Students applied individualized feedback reports to self-identify and remediate deficiencies in preparation for the second-chance exam. Only the highest score counted toward the final grade.

Outcomes
Among 230 medical student participants, significant performance improvements between morning and afternoon exams were observed across the first 3 weekly TPIAs, with mean score increases of 4.93, 5.06, and 10.86. Mean change in performance in week 4 was not significant. Student end-of-course survey responses indicated a strong preference for the TPIA format. Responses highlighted the value of offering individualized feedback, unstructured time to address knowledge gaps, and a corresponding opportunity for improvement.

Next Steps
Future research will extend TPIA’s implementation in more clinical-oriented courses to validate TPIA’s effectiveness and explore its effect on long-term knowledge retention through more cumulative examinations. Integrating TPIA-based approaches may advance educational systems toward developing a culture of feedback literacy and embracing second chances to support learning and professional growth.
Quantifying Oculomotor Fatigability for Early Detection of Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Kim Ye Lin , Nguyen Thanh Tin , Hwang Seung-Bae , Kang Jin-Ju , Chae Juhee , Oh Sun-Young 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives:
The aim of this prospective, longitudinal study was to validate video-oculography (VOG) for early detection of myasthenia gravis (MG) in patients with clinical suspicion of MG but lacking confirmatory laboratory results.

Methods:
Thirteen individuals suspected of having MG were studied using a 3-dimensional VOG system. Oculomotor fatigability, defined as the decrement (%) between the second and the last 5 average measures, was calculated.

Results:
Significant reductions in oculomotor ranges were found, exceeding previous cutoff values for horizontal saccades (16.4 ± 9.8%), vertical saccades (18.7 ± 12.6%), horizontal smooth pursuit (15.7 ± 6.0%), and vertical smooth pursuit (27.2 ± 17.4%). Despite initially negative laboratory tests, many participants later tested positive on the neostigmine test (92.3%) and repetitive nerve stimulation tests (69.2%).

Conclusions:
VOG is a reliable diagnostic tool for MG, particularly useful for seronegative patients, allowing for earlier and more accurate diagnosis than conventional methods.
Caregiver Satisfaction During the Transition From Inpatient Cancer Care to Home-Based End-of-Life Care
Authors: Benn Katharine , Wood Kathleen , Strauss Shiela M. , Davis Mary Elizabeth , Barton-Burke Margaret 
Published: February 2025

Background:
People with advanced cancer often cite home as their preferred place of death, yet a preponderance of deaths occurs in hospitals. Hospice care improves outcomes at end of life (EOL). Hospital-to-home transitional care is a critical area of care delivery, but the caregiver’s experience during this transition is a gap in the literature.

Objective:
This mixed-methods study explored informal caregiver perceptions of the transition from inpatient cancer care to home-based EOL care.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey measured caregiver satisfaction with advanced cancer and palliative care. A qualitative content analysis of additional free-text comments from respondents was also conducted.

Results:
A total of 53 (27%) of caregivers completed the survey. Responses were positive overall, with higher satisfaction noted for Hispanic/Latino caregivers (P = .033) and caregivers with greater self-reported support at home (P = .006), and trending toward higher satisfaction for caregivers aged 65 years and older (P = .075). Qualitative findings indicate effective communication and care coordination are critical components of positive experiences.

Conclusions:
Results suggest that early identification and support for caregivers with lower self-reported outside support at EOL may increase satisfaction.

Implications for Practice:
Previous work demonstrated a gap in the understanding of caregiver experience in the transition from hospital-based to home hospice care. Assessment of outside caregiver support should be performed before discharge.

What Is Foundational:
As institutions consider satisfaction of care as an important metric of quality, caregivers need to be included, particularly within transitions of care. Clear communication between the medical team and the primary caregiver is an essential component of care.
Cordycepin mediates pyroptosis in HCC through the upregulation of TXNIP and synergizes with anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy
Authors: Liang Bu-Gang , Zheng Yi-Min , Shen Hong-Ye , Yang Guo-Huan , Xu Wen-Xin , Tan Chang-Jun , Ke Ai-Wu , Qin Wen-Zheng 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective treatments for HCC; however, their therapeutic efficacy is often limited by the development of drug resistance. Therefore, investigating new combination therapeutics involving immune checkpoint inhibitors is critical to improving patient prognosis. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of cordycepin (COR) in HCC and its synergistic effect with anti–programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti–PD-L1) immunotherapy.

Methods:
We selected 2 HCC cell lines to investigate the effects of COR on HCC growth using in vivo and in vitro experiments. We performed RNA sequencing of the MHCC97H cell line treated with or without COR to understand the underlying mechanism and identify the key regulatory genes. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments on gene knockdown cells, we identified thioredoxin-interacting protein as a key molecule involved in the role of COR. Next, we used mouse subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models to evaluate the therapeutic effects of COR, atezolizumab (a programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1] inhibitor), or their combination. Multiple immunofluorescence staining revealed that the combination of atezolizumab and COR therapy greatly increased the number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 expression in HCC compared to monotherapy.

Results:
Our study revealed that COR significantly inhibited HCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that COR induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, which upregulates thioredoxin-interacting protein expression and leads to HCC cell pyroptosis. In addition, the combination treatment with COR and PD-L1 inhibitors profoundly inhibited HCC.

Conclusions:
Overall, our study successfully established a combined therapeutic strategy using COR and PD-L1 inhibitors. This strategy has significant synergistic effects on cancer cells, highlighting its importance in cancer therapy.
Neurophysiology of resilience in juvenile fibromyalgia
Authors: Suñol Maria , Pascual-Diaz Saül , Dudley Jon , Payne Michael F. , Jackson Catherine , Tong Han , Ting Tracy V. , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita , Coghill Robert C. , López-Solà Marina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) is a chronic pain syndrome predominantly affecting adolescent girls. Resilience may be a protective factor in coping with pain, reducing affective burden, and promoting positive outlooks. Brain regions affected in JFM overlap with those linked to resilience, particularly in the default-mode network (DMN). We investigate the role of resilience on core somatic and affective symptoms in JFM and assess the neurophysiological substrates for the first time. Forty-one girls with JFM and 40 pain-free adolescents completed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging assessment and self-report questionnaires. We used clustering analyses to group JFM participants based on resilience, and principal component analyses to summarize core somatic and affective symptoms. We estimated whole-brain and within-DMN connectivity and assessed differences between higher and lower resilience JFM groups and compared their connectivity patterns to pain-free participants. The higher resilience JFM group had less affective (T = 4.03; P < 0.001) but similar core somatic symptoms (T = 1.05; P = 0.302) than the lower resilience JFM group. They had increased whole-brain (Ts > 4, false discovery rate cluster-level corrected P-value < 0.03) and within-DMN (T = 2.20, P = 0.03) connectivity strength, and higher connectivity between DMN nodes and self-referential and regulatory regions. Conversely, higher DMN-premotor connectivity was observed in the lower resilience group. Juvenile fibromyalgia participants with higher resilience were protected affectively but not in core somatic symptoms. Greater resilience was accompanied by higher signal integration within the DMN, a network central to internally oriented attention and flexible attention shifting. Crucially, the connectivity pattern in highly resilient patients resembled that of pain-free adolescents, which was not the case for the lower resilience group.
How is 3D modeling in metabolic surgery utilized and what is its clinical benefit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Robb Henry Douglas , Arif Aksaan , Narendranath Rithvik Mahadev , Das Bibek , Alyaqout Khaled , Lynn William , Aal Yasser Abul , Ashrafian Hutan , Fehervari Matyas 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Three-dimensional (3D) modeling is an emerging technology in surgery, with applications in operative planning, surgical education, and patient engagement. Metabolic surgery, the most effective treatment for obesity, is increasingly prevalent leading to new complex clinical challenges. This systematic review aims to understand the use of 3D modeling in metabolic surgery and its impact on clinical outcomes.

Methods:
Following a registered protocol (PROSPERO: XXX), a comprehensive search using MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL Cochrane Library was conducted. Eligible papers underwent screening and full-text review. A qualitative thematic analysis was performed alongside meta-analyses on available volumetric data. Results were reported as directed by the PRISMA guidelines.

Results:
Twenty-nine studies were included, with most at Level II evidence (n = 19, 66%). Studies focused on operative planning and surgical practice (90%, n = 26) and were subdivided into preoperative planning (14%, n = 4), postoperative diagnosis (31%, n = 9), and postoperative assessment and prediction (45%, n = 13). Only three papers addressed surgical education (10%). 3D modeling for patient education was unexplored. To assess 3D modeling’s cross-study consistency, pooled meta-analyses on preoperative and postoperative 3D gastric volumetry and abdominal circumference were performed. Average preoperative stomach volume was 794.93 mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 518.61–1071.26 mL). Postoperative LSG and RYGB/OAGB gastric volumes were 171.71 mL (95% CI: 113.37–288.58 mL) and 35.73 mL (95% CI: 29.32–42.14 mL) respectively. Average abdominal circumference was 120.04 cm (95% CI: 100.72–139.35 cm). All volumes were consistent with published data.

Conclusions:
This systematic review highlighted the accuracy of 3D modeling for volumetric assessments and its developing role in surgical planning and training. However, its potential benefits in AR or 3DP models, in patient education or for answering bariatric surgical debates using 3D volumetric studies remain underutilized.
Seroprevalence of Celiac Disease in Mexican Mestizo Patients With Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Authors: Tapia-Calderón Diana Karen , Hernández-Flores Karina Guadalupe , Velarde Ruiz-Velasco José Antonio , García-Jiménez Edgar Santino , Barrientos-Ávalos José Roberto , Aldana-Ledesma Juan Manuel , Tornel-Avelar Ana Isabel , Mercado-Jáuregui Lydia Aurora , Gómez-Quiroz Adolfo , Cerda-Camacho Felipe , Felix-Tellez Francisco Alejandro , Vivanco-Cid Héctor , Domínguez-Alemán Carlos Alonso , Ugarte Álvarez Omar , Remes-Troche José María 
Published: February 2025

Goals:
This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of celiac disease in Mexican patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases, hypothesizing that prevalence would align with rates observed in other populations.

Background:
The association between celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid diseases has been documented globally, with varying seroprevalence rates. Historically, Mexican Mestizos were considered at low risk for celiac disease, yet recent findings suggest similar prevalence to other regions. However, data regarding Hispanic patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases are limited.

Study:
This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 170 Mexican Mestizo patients diagnosed with autoimmune thyroid diseases, specifically Hashimoto thyroiditis or Graves’ disease. Data on demographics, disease history, and symptoms were collected. Celiac disease seroprevalence was assessed using immunoglobulin A anti-tissue transglutaminase, immunoglobulin A deamidated gliadin peptide, and immunoglobulin G deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies, with values above a specified threshold considered positive.

Results:
Among the participants, 92.4% were female, with a mean age of 45.4 years. Hashimoto thyroiditis was present in 80.6% of cases, whereas Graves disease accounted for 19.4%. The overall celiac disease seroprevalence was 8.8% (95% CI; 5.4-14.1). All individuals with positive serology had Hashimoto thyroiditis, and although no gastrointestinal symptoms were linked to seropositivity, anemia was more common in celiac-positive subjects.

Conclusions:
Celiac disease seroprevalence among Mexican Mestizo patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases aligns with other populations. Serological screening for celiac disease is recommended, even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Further biopsy-confirmed studies are necessary.