bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a teen sleep app in Canadian high schools: Preliminary evidence of acceptability, engagement, and capacity for supporting healthy sleep habits
Authors: Lau Parky H. , Carney Colleen E. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryHigh school students suffer from mental health challenges and poorer academic performance resulting from sleep disturbances. Unfortunately, approaches to this problem sometimes focus on increasing sleep duration by going to bed early; a strategy with limited success because teens experience a phase delay in bedtimes. There is a need for approaches that leverage behavioural sleep science and are accessible, scalable, and easily disseminated to students. DOZE (Delivering Online Zzz's with Empirical Support) is a self‐management app that is grounded in sleep and circadian basic science. Although initial testing supports it as a feasible and acceptable app in a research context, it has not been tested as a strategy to use in schools. The present study tested DOZE in private high schools in Canada. Two‐hundred and twenty‐three students downloaded the app and completed daily sleep diaries over 4 weeks. Students reported a more regularised routine for bedtime, Mdiff = −0.43 h, p < 0.001, 95% CI [−0.65, −0.21], and rise time, Mdiff = −0.61 h, p < 0.001, 95% CI [−0.84, −0.38], in addition to a higher total sleep time, Mdiff = 0.18 h, p < 0.008, 95% CI [0.05, 0.31]. Students also rated DOZE to be highly acceptable. The evidence suggests that students find DOZE to be acceptable and engagement in this nonclinical population was reasonably high under minimal researcher supervision. This makes DOZE an attractive option and a step towards broad‐based sleep health services. High powered replications with control groups are needed to increase empirical rigour.
Neurogenomic landscape associated with status‐dependent cooperative behaviour
Authors: Bolton Peri E. , Ryder T. Brandt , Dakin Roslyn , Houtz Jennifer L. , Moore Ignacio T. , Balakrishnan Christopher N. , Horton Brent M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe neurogenomic mechanisms mediating male–male reproductive cooperative behaviours remain unknown. We leveraged extensive transcriptomic and behavioural data on a neotropical bird species (Pipra filicauda) that performs cooperative courtship displays to understand these mechanisms. In this species, the cooperative display is modulated by testosterone, which promotes cooperation in non‐territorial birds, but suppresses cooperation in territory holders. We sought to understand the neurogenomic underpinnings of three related traits: social status, cooperative display behaviour and testosterone phenotype. To do this, we profiled gene expression in 10 brain nuclei spanning the social decision‐making network (SDMN), and two key endocrine tissues that regulate social behaviour. We associated gene expression with each bird's behavioural and endocrine profile derived from 3 years of repeated measures taken from free‐living birds in the Ecuadorian Amazon. We found distinct landscapes of constitutive gene expression were associated with social status, testosterone phenotype and cooperation, reflecting the modular organization and engagement of neuroendocrine tissues. Sex‐steroid and neuropeptide signalling appeared to be important in mediating status‐specific relationships between testosterone and cooperation, suggesting shared regulatory mechanisms with male aggressive and sexual behaviours. We also identified differentially regulated genes involved in cellular activity and synaptic potentiation, suggesting multiple mechanisms underpin these genomic states. Finally, we identified SDMN‐wide gene expression differences between territorial and floater males that could form the basis of ‘status‐specific’ neurophysiological phenotypes, potentially mediated by testosterone and growth hormone. Overall, our findings provide new, systems‐level insights into the mechanisms of cooperative behaviour and suggest that differences in neurogenomic state are the basis for individual differences in social behaviour.
Inter‐rater reliability in the assessment of consciousness in patients receiving palliative care in intensive care: A prospective cross sectional observational study
Authors: Yildirim Dilek , Kavala Arzu , Değirmenci Öz Seda , Sezer Esra , Kuğu Emre , Coşkun Zeynep 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is one of the methods that has validity for evaluating the consciousness levels of patients in the literature and is accepted by health authorities.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter‐rater reliability of GCS in intensive care patients receiving palliative care.Study DesignA prospective cross sectional observational study. The study was conducted in a general intensive care unit with 20 beds with patients receiving palliative care. In the unit, 18 nurses worked in two shifts, day and night. Each patient's primary palliative care nurse and two additional researchers were given one minute to independently record the patient's GCS total and subscale scores. All observations were completed within 5 min as there could be significant changes in the patient's GCS score during observations.ResultsA total of 258 assessments were completed. For the GCS total scoring, a moderate agreement was found between palliative care nurses and the first researcher‐observer (49.0%) and also between palliative care nurses and the second researcher‐observer (47.7%). In addition, there was a substantial agreement between the first and second researchers (78.9%) and also between all observers (61.5%) (all p = .001).ConclusionsAlthough there was a near‐perfect agreement between the two researcher‐observers, we found only moderate agreement among all observers (palliative care nurses and two researcher‐observers) in the evaluation of GCS total and subscale scores.Relevance to Clinical PracticeWe found that lack of knowledge and training on the standardized use of GCS is still a problem for palliative and intensive care units. Because of the diversity of patients requiring GCS assessment in palliative care units, refresher training programs and hands‐on workshops on consciousness assessment should be organized regularly for more experienced nurses.
A New Method to Predict Postoperative Stem Anteversion in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Hu Yuehao , Sun Ziyang , Zhang Jingwei , Yan Mengning , Mao Yuanqing , Li Huiwu , Yu Degang , Zhai Zanjing 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPreoperative evaluation of femoral anteversion to predict postoperative stem anteversion aids the selection of an appropriate prosthesis and optimizes the combined anteversion in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The conventional prediction methods are based on the femoral anteversion measurement at the location of the femoral head and/or neck. However, varied differences between femoral anteversion and postoperative stem anteversion were demonstrated. This study investigated the predictive role of a new method based on the principle of sagittal three‐point fixation.MethodsFrom January 2017 to December 2018, a total of 133 DDH hips that underwent THA were retrospectively analyzed. There were 76 Crowe type I, 27 type II, and 30 type III hips. The single‐wedge stem was used in 49 hips, and the double‐wedge stem was used in 84 hips. Preoperative native femoral anteversion at the femoral head–neck junction, anterior cortex anteversion at 2 levels of the lesser trochanter, posterior cortex anteversion at 5 levels of the femoral neck, and postoperative stem anteversion were measured using two‐dimensional computed tomography. Predictive anteversion by the new method was calculated as the average anteversion formed by the anterior cortex at the lesser trochanter and the posterior cortex at the femoral neck.ResultsFor hips with different neck heights, different Crowe types, different stem types, or different femoral anteversions, native femoral anteversion showed widely varied differences and correlations with stem anteversion, with differences ranging from −1.27 ± 8.33° to −13.67 ± 9.47° and correlations ranging from 0.122 (p = 0.705, no correlation) to 0.813. Predictive anteversion formed by the anterior cortex at the lesser trochanter proximal base and posterior cortex 10 mm above the lesser trochanter proximal base showed no significant difference with stem anteversion, with less varied differences (0.92 ± 7.52°) and good to excellent correlations (r = 0.826).ConclusionAdopting our new method, predictive anteversion, measured as the average anteversion of the anterior cortex at the lesser trochanter proximal base and posterior cortex 10 mm above the lesser trochanter proximal base, predicted postoperative stem anteversion more reliably than native femoral anteversion.
Clinical Application and Curative Effect Analysis of Postural Awareness Surgical Tool Assisted Nail Placement in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Wu XiaoNan , Shi Xinge , Hu Weiran , Ma Haohao , Gao Yan‐Zheng , Wang Haoxu , Jiang Zhengfa 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe pedicle screw technique has been widely used in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis orthopedic surgery, but misplacement of screws may damage important structures such as blood vessels and nerves around the pedicle, resulting in serious consequences. Therefore, our research team has independently developed a surgical tool to assist in the placement of pedicle screws. This study aims to investigate the safety and accuracy of postural awareness tool assisted nail placement in orthopedic surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.MethodA retrospective analysis was performed on 24 adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis admitted to our hospital from July 2019 to July 2022, including 10 males and 14 females, with an average age of 14.88 ± 2.36 years (10–19 years). The mean follow‐up was 15.67 ± 2.20 months (12–20 months). We divided the patients into postural awareness group (n = 12) and C‐arm group (n = 12) according to whether the postural awareness surgical tool was used during the operation. All patients were treated with posterior spinal orthopedic surgery. The postural awareness group was assisted by pedicle screw placement with a postural awareness surgical tool, while the C‐arm group was given a pedicle screw placement with freehand technique. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, nail placement related complications, nail placement accuracy, and scoliosis correction rate were recorded and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe operative time, intraoperative blood loss and fluoroscopy times in the postural awareness group were significantly lower than those in the C‐arm group, with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The postural awareness group implanted 163 screws with an accuracy rate of 91.41%, while the C‐arm group implanted 159 screws with an accuracy rate of 83.02%. The accuracy rate of screw placement in the postural awareness group was higher than that in the C‐arm group, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.024). According to the imaging of the patients, there was no significant difference between the Cobb Angle of the main bend measured at three time points before surgery, 1 week after surgery and the last follow‐up between the two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the rate of lateral curvature correction between the two groups.ConclusionThe application of postural awareness surgical tool in posterior orthopedic surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis can improve screw placement accuracy, shorten screw placement time, and make auxiliary screw placement safer and more accurate.
A systematic analysis of ARM genes revealed that GhARM144 regulates the resistance against Verticillium dahliae via interaction with GhOSM34
Authors: Liu Shichao , Wei Fei , Liu Ruibing , Xue Chao , Chen Yining , Zhao Chenchen , Chen Pengyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProteins of the armadillo repeat gene family play important roles in plant pathogen response. Here, 169 armadillo (ARM) genes were identified in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Phylogenetic analysis grouped these into 11 subfamilies, with conserved protein structures within each subfamily. The results signify that the expansion of the gene family occurred via whole genome duplication and dispersed duplication. Expression profiling and network analysis suggest that GhARM144 may regulate cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. GhARM144 was upregulated in roots by V. dahliae infection or salicylic acid treatment. This upregulation indicates a negative regulatory role of GhARM144’ in the cotton immune responses, potentially by manipulating salicylic acid biosynthesis. Protein interaction studies found that GhARM144 associates with an osmotin‐like protein, GhOSM34, at the plasma membrane. Silencing GhOSM34 reduced the resistance to V. dahliae, suggesting it may play a positive regulatory role. The results demonstrate that GhARM144 modulates cotton immunity through interaction with GhOSM34 and salicylic acid signalling. Further study of these proteins may yield insights into disease resistance mechanisms in cotton and other plants.
Fisheries local action groups, small‐scale fisheries and territorial development
Authors: Phillipson Jeremy , Salmi Pekka , Linke Sebastian , Svels Kristina , Budzich‐Tabor Urszula 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn comparison to the wealth of critical evaluation of LEADER (i.e., Liaison entre actions de développement de l'économie rurale), there has been no consolidated attempt to reflect on the contribution of Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs), now entering their third EU programming period. Set up in the image of LEADER, and a novel governance instrument within the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), FLAGs aim to activate local responses that build resilience and adaptability within the fisheries sector and wider communities. In addition to introducing the accompanying articles that make up this special issue of Sociologia Ruralis, our article gives an account of the emergence of community‐led local development (CLLD) in fisheries and the attributes that have characterised the application of the LEADER approach within a fisheries‐territorial development context. In many cases, FLAGs have led to improved relationships between the small‐scale fishing sector and wider local social and economic networks, helping the sector reimagine its role within local economies. Yet outcomes vary as the FLAG approach has been applied across different cultural and institutional settings. There are indications that the system is becoming enveloped by wider priorities of coastal development and blue growth. Yet FLAGs may well provide a successful test case for widening participation in the CFP and upscaling integration of the fishing industry within local and regional economies. For CLLD in general, they are a reminder of the value of a differentiated CLLD approach tailored to different sectoral‐territorial contexts.
130 years from discovery to description: micro‐CT scanning applied to construct the integrative taxonomy of a forgotten moth from Southern Africa (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: Englund Mikael , Lee Kyung Min , Staude Hermann , Duplouy Anne , Hausmann Axel , Laiho Elina , Söderholm Max , Sihvonen Pasi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractX‐ray micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) of dried and pinned museum specimens combined with advanced image processing can provide a useful, novel and non‐destructive tool for integrative insect taxonomy. This paper demonstrates how micro‐CT can be applied to provide unambiguous illustrations of diagnostic morphological characters for new taxa description and to understand how micro‐CT imaging may complement other imaging techniques. Following micro‐CT scanning, a semi‐automatic segmentation and volume rendering protocol was used to portray the wing venation and diagnostic structures and ornamentation of male genitalia from multiple angles. Using micro‐CT images, we provide the description of a conspicuous geometrid moth from southern Africa (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), which has been present in collections since 1894, but left without an available name. Using a multigenetic dataset comprising 273 terminal taxa from the superfamily Geometroidea, we constructed a molecular phylogeny to place our study species to an isolated lineage in Geometridae: Larentiinae, tribe Xanthorhoini sensu lato. We describe it as Chloecolora vergetaria new genus, new species Englund & Staude, and provide diverse ecological information on its distribution, habitat, host plant, adult and immature stages, and parasites. We found micro‐CT imaging particularly useful in two‐ and three‐dimensional imaging of wings, providing detailed information for instance on non‐tubular folds that may be difficult to distinguish using other techniques.
Computed tomographic diagnosis of a common bile duct abscess and secondary extrahepatic biliary duct obstruction in a potbelly pig
Authors: Sannajust Kimberley , Palmisano Megan , Whisenant Katrijn , Slack JoAnn , Holt David , Woodrow Jane , Manzi Timothy J 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA potbelly pig was evaluated for anorexia and icterus. Clinicopathologic abnormalities suggested an active inflammatory hepatobiliary process. Ultrasound and CT of the abdomen revealed an extrahepatic biliary obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD). Surgical exploration and choledochotomy revealed a markedly dilated CBD containing a large volume of intraluminal inspissated biliary material. This case report describes the imaging findings of an extrahepatic biliary obstruction secondary to abscessation within the CBD in a pig.
Genetic diversity of P1/pathogenic Leptospira species hosted by bats worldwide
Authors: Matiz‐González J. Manuel , Ballesteros‐Ballesteros Jesús A. , Hernández María , Mejorano‐Fonseca Julián A. , Cuervo Claudia , Faccini‐Martínez Álvaro A. , Hidalgo Marylin , Pérez‐Torres Jairo , Silva‐Ramos Carlos Ramiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionBats are a diverse group of mammals that have unique features allowing them to act as reservoir hosts for several zoonotic pathogens such as Leptospira. Leptospires have been classified into pathogenic, intermediate, and saprophytic groups and more recently into clades P1, P2, S1, and S2, being all the most important pathogenic species related to leptospirosis included within the P1/pathogenic clade. Leptospira has been detected from bats in several regions worldwide; however, the diversity of leptospires harboured by bats is still unknown.AimThe aim of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity of Leptospira spp. harboured by bats worldwide.MethodsA systematic review was conducted on four databases to retrieve studies in which Leptospira was detected from bats. All studies were screened to retrieve all available Leptospira spp. 16S rRNA sequences from the GenBank database and data regarding their origin. Sequences obtained were compared with each other and reference sequences of Leptospira species and analysed through phylogenetic analysis.ResultsA total of 418 Leptospira spp. 16S rRNA sequences isolated from 55 bat species from 14 countries were retrieved from 15 selected manuscripts. From these, 417 sequences clustered within the P1/pathogenic group, and only one sequence clustered within the P2/intermediate group. Six major clades of P1/pathogenic Leptospira spp. were identified, three of them composed exclusively of sequences obtained from bats.ConclusionWe identified that bats harbour a great genetic diversity of Leptospira spp. that form part of the P1/pathogenic clade, some of which are closely related to leptospirosis‐associated species. This finding contributes to the knowledge of the diversity of leptospires hosted by bats worldwide and reinforces the role of bats as reservoirs of P1/pathogenic Leptospira spp.
Using the Power Wheel as a transformative tool to promote equity through spaces and places of patient engagement
Authors: Sayani Ambreen , Cordeaux Emily , Wu Kelly , Awil Fatah , Garcia Victoria , Hinds Ryan , Jeji Tara , Khan Omar , Soh Bee-Lee , Mensah Desiree , Monteith Linda , Musawi Mursal , Rathbone Marlene , Robinson Jill , Sterling Staceyan , Wardak Dean , Amsdr Isra , Khawari Mohadessa , Niwe Salva , Hussain Azmina , Forster Victoria , Maybee Alies 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPatient engagement is the active collaboration between patient partners and health system partners towards a goal of making decisions that centre patient needs—thus improving experiences of care, and overall effectiveness of health services in alignment with the Quintuple Aim. An important but challenging aspect of patient engagement is including diverse perspectives particularly those experiencing health inequities. When such populations are excluded from decision-making in health policy, practice and research, we risk creating a healthcare ecosystem that reinforces structural marginalisation and perpetuates health inequities.ApproachDespite the growing body of literature on knowledge coproduction, few have addressed the role of power relations in patient engagement and offered actionable steps for engaging diverse patients in an inclusive way with a goal of improving health equity. To fill this knowledge gap, we draw on theoretical concepts of power, our own experience codesigning a novel model of patient engagement that is equity promoting, Equity Mobilizing Partnerships in Community, and extensive experience as patient partners engaged across the healthcare ecosystem. We introduce readers to a new conceptual tool, the Power Wheel, that can be used to analyse the interspersion of power in the places and spaces of patient engagement.ConclusionAs a tool for ongoing praxis (reflection +action), the Power Wheel can be used to report, reflect and resolve power asymmetries in patient-partnered projects, thereby increasing transparency and illuminating opportunities for equitable transformation and social inclusion so that health services can meet the needs and priorities of all people.