bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing joint performance in friction stir welding through tailored double-butt-lap geometry
Authors: Acharya Uttam , Choudhury Smrity , Sethi Durjyodhan , Akinlabi Esther , Roy Barnik Saha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study investigates the effectiveness of a novel joint configuration, the double-butt-lap (DBL), in friction stir welding (FSW) to join 6-mm-thick AA 6061-T6 plates. Four welds, including a simple square butt (SSB) configuration and three DBL variations (with UB to LB ratios of 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1), were executed. Using consistent parameters, the investigation evaluates the force distribution, macrostructure, and mechanical properties of the joints. Results show varied force profiles; spindle torque and Z-force decrease notably in DBL configurations compared to SSB, while X-force decreases overall for all DBL variations. Macrostructural analysis indicates increased weld area and finer microstructures in DBL joints. A correlation between peak temperature, grain size, and hardness highlights larger grain sizes at higher temperatures, influencing joint hardness. The DBL configuration with a 2:1 ratio exhibits the highest joint efficiency (83.76%). Fractographic analysis indicates ductile failure in all samples. Bend testing reveals increased flexural strength and bend angles in two DBL-configured joints compared to SSB. The results indicate that using a 2:1 ratio for joining 6-mm AA6061-T6 plates through FSW is viable, providing valuable insights into enhancing mechanical properties by optimizing joint geometry.
Sales education in Italian universities: state of the art and future directions
Authors: Cardinali Silvio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDuring the last 10 years, scholars focused their attention on how sales education has evolved and highlighted the relevant impact of teaching sales-related topics in tertiary education worldwide. However, in the universities, the number of programs, curricula, and courses is limited. This low number of sales programs can impact students’ “work readiness” and not respond to company needs generating a mismatching. This study aimed to understand the state of the art of sales education in the Italian context and to explore the future challenges for universities. The results confirm the low presence of sales-related courses but, at the same time, a relevant part of the selected program presents sales as a job opportunity or a competence. Internal and external challenges are also described and suggestions to better develop sales education programs within Italian universities are provided.
Evaluation of aflatoxin content in “Cheka” (traditional beverage in South-Western Ethiopia) and its major ingredient (maize)
Authors: Kayola Kefita Kashala , Gebre Solomon Genet , Addisu Sisay , Kussia Amanuel Dubale 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Aflatoxin is a toxic cancerous fungal secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus species. Consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated cereals and their products can cause several health-related effects including acute and chronic aflatoxicosis. This study aims to evaluate the total aflatoxin content in “Cheka” and its major ingredients using the Immuno-Affinity Column Clean-up technique by sensitive HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) with fluorescence detection.

Methods
This study followed a completely randomized experimental design to evaluate the level of aflatoxin in traditionally brewed “Cheka” and its major ingredients (maize) by HPLC from November 2019 to June 2020. Traditionally brewed 6 “Cheka” beverages and 6 maize seed samples were collected randomly from Konso and transported to Bless Agri Food Laboratory in Addis Ababa for laboratory evaluation of aflatoxin in samples. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 25.

Results
In the present study aflatoxin contamination was detected in all maize and “Cheka” samples. A mean total aflatoxin level of 6.78 ± 8.28 μg/kg and 10.76 ± 4.50 μg/kg were observed in maize and “Cheka” samples respectively. The maize taken from above-ground storage (“Gotera”) and underground storage (pitfall) showed a mean total aflatoxin level of 10.23 ± 10.12 μg/kg and 3.35 ± 5.79 μg/kg respectively. The samples taken from “Cheka” prepared from maize of above-ground storage (“Gotera”) and underground storage (pitfall) showed a mean total aflatoxin level of 11.34 ± 3.06 μg/kg and 10.19 ± 6.35 μg/kg respectively. Aflatoxin G family was not detected in both maize and “Cheka” samples while aflatoxin B1 and B2 contributed to the total aflatoxin level. AFB1 predominantly contributed to the contamination of all samples. Although there was no significant difference while comparing between mean total aflatoxin of any other sample types, a significant difference was observed for the AFB1 mean level of pitfall maize and their respective “Cheka” samples (P = 0.033).

Conclusion
The mean level of AFB1 in pitfall maize differs from a respective “Cheka” sample. As most of the samples evaluated for aflatoxin contamination showed levels above healthy cut-off points of aflatoxin set by different authorities like the European Union, CODEX, and Ethiopian Standards Agency, there must be a protracted interventional approach to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize and its products in the region.
Spiritual Health Relationship with Educational and Well-Being Components in Master Nursing Students of Intensive Care: An Iranian Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Salesi Mahmood , Shahhoseini Aliakbar , Vahedian-Azimi Amir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The ability of nurses to provide spiritual care relies heavily on their own spirituality and spiritual health. This study aimed to determine the pattern of relationship between educational and well-being components with spiritual health among nursing students of intensive care.

Method
This study consisted of two phases: a three-step Delphi approach and a cross-sectional study. The second phase utilized a quantitative design to examine the draft of the final Delphi design. Master's nursing students in critical care were evaluated for their spiritual health and its relationship with educational components (satisfaction with education, educational self-efficacy, educational motivation) and well-being components (psychological well-being, thoughtful practice, and cultural intelligence).

Results
A total of 220 nursing students from 11 schools of nursing and midwifery at various universities of medical science in 7 provinces of Iran participated in the study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed two fit models. Model 1 showed a significant direct effect of educational components on civil behavior (β = 0.76, P < 0.001) and well-being components on lifelong learning (β = 0.81, P < 0.001). These variables predicted 0.08 of the changes in spiritual health. Model 2 demonstrated a significant indirect effect of spiritual health through mediating educational and well-being components on civil behavior (β = 0.205, P < 0.05) and lifelong learning (β = 0.259, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The relationship between educational and well-being components with spiritual health in nursing students should be considered by the educational system to maintain and enhance the spiritual health of students which is one of the most important prerequisites to provide holistic care.
We could help them in many ways. Health coaches’ experiences from targeted health dialogues with 70-year-olds: a qualitative study
Authors: Stenman Emelie , Sundquist Kristina , Brorsson Annika 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Targeted health dialogues (THDs) have been implemented in primary care in many Swedish regions in an attempt to prevent cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A THD is a counselling meeting with a specially educated health dialogue coach. It is preceded by blood tests (cholesterol, plasma glucose), blood pressure measuring, anthropometric measures, and a lifestyle questionnaire. Health advice is given based on an illustrative health profile. In southern Sweden, all 40- and 50-year-olds are invited to a THD. Recently, a pilot project with similar THDs for 70-year-olds was performed at 14 healthcare centers. The aim of the present study was to examine the health dialogue coaches’ experiences of THDs in 70-year-olds.

Methods
Sixteen of 22 coaches consented to participate in the study. Twelve of 14 healthcare centers were represented. Data were collected through three focus groups, and two individual interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, thereafter analyzed inspired by systematic text condensation. The researchers conducted the analyses separately, whereafter differences were discussed until consensus was reached.

Results
Support from all co-workers at the healthcare center and time for planning and reflection were mentioned as success factors for the implementation of THDs. The lifestyle questionnaire was perceived to be a bit too extensive for 70-year-olds, especially regarding physical activity and diet. Waist-hip ratio was perceived as a problematic measure. In particular, women often had high values despite a lean body composition and low BMI. Many coaches believed that the 70-year-old participants belonged to the healthier part of the population, and they also had the impression that there was a lower participation rate among immigrants, possibly due to language difficulties. The coaches enjoyed the THDs and believed that the 70-year-olds appreciated them as well. The THDs provided an opportunity to discuss not only cardiovascular risk factors but health issues and life in general.

Conclusions
The health dialogue coaches valued THDs with 70-year-olds highly, but minor adaptations of the information given, questionnaire and health profile were suggested in what the coaches thought could increase participation and facilitate the dialogues with this age group.
On the conditions for absolute minimum fuel burn for turbofan powered, civil transport aircraft and a simple model for wave drag
Authors: Poll D.I.A. , Schumann U. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In a recent series of papers, Poll and Schumann have been developing a simple model for estimating fuel burn for turbofan powered, civil transport aircraft for a given mass, Mach number and flight level and in a specified ambient temperature profile for all phases of flight. This paper focuses upon the combination of Mach number and flight level at which an aircraft cruises with the absolute minimum fuel burn. For a given aircraft type, the information necessary to determine these conditions must be specified and this poses a challenge. An initial attempt to obtain these data has been described previously by the first author. In this paper, the optimum conditions are found using a completely different approach. Starting from first principles and using established theory, the equations governing the situation where engine overall efficiency and airframe lift-to-drag ratio both have local maxima at the same flight condition are developed. This special case is termed the “design optimum” condition and, for a specified aircraft mass and a specified atmospheric temperature versus pressure profile, it gives the lowest possible fuel burn for any aircraft and engine combination. The design optimum occurs at a particular Mach number and Reynolds number, and it is a fixed characteristic of the aircraft. The analysis reveals the significance of Reynolds number variations, wave drag, including its derivatives with respect to both lift coefficient and Mach number, and the atmospheric properties. Whilst wave drag is notoriously difficult to determine accurately, it is found that solutions to the equations are not particularly sensitive to the accuracy of this quantity. Consequently, a simple, physically realistic model can give good results. An appropriate model is developed and a complete, approximate solution is obtained. Taking the International Standard Atmosphere as the design atmosphere, results are presented for the 53 aircraft types previously considered by Poll and Schumann. Relative to the design optimum conditions, when Reynolds number is constant and wave drag is zero, compressibility alone reduces L/D by about 5%, reduces lift coefficient by about 1.5% and increases drag coefficient by about 3.5%. Reynolds number variation has little effect upon L/D, but it reduces lift coefficient and drag coefficient by a further 7% and 8% respectively. The reduction in lift coefficient has a significant impact on the optimum cruise flight level.
In general, an aircraft’s operating optimum will not coincide with its design optimum, but deviations are expected to be small. Therefore, using the design optimum solution as a reference point, an improved version of the operating optimum estimation method described by Poll and Schumann in previous work is developed. This allows the estimation of the conditions for absolute minimum fuel burn for an aircraft of given mass flying thorough any atmosphere. Updated coefficients for the 53 aircraft types are given.
Ukrainian Business and Human Rights Strategy: A Breakthrough Delayed
Authors: Konopka Ihor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn 2021, the first-ever Ukrainian business and human rights strategy and action plan were approved. Although a positive political shift, the Government-led endevour failed dismally. This piece explores the drafting process and content of the policy in question, its many shortcomings and the possible way forward as business and human rights becomes even more pressing matter in times of war and in post-conflict context.
The Pain Research Enrichment Program (PREP): Developing an immersive program for research assistants at an academic medical center
Authors: Pierce Jennifer , Shaikh Sana , Zubieta Caroline S. , Zhu Guohao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Research experience is often important for academic and career development. This paper describes the implementation and impact of a training program for temporary research assistants (RAs) at an academic medical center. The program includes a 9-month didactic lecture series covering research and professional development skills, a Quality Improvement project focused on improving research processes, and manuscript writing. Overall, the program goals of increasing confidence, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and well-being, as well as providing an opportunity for career exploration, were met. Thus, this program has the potential to support temporary RAs and enhance their early research experiences.
On the stochastic bifurcations regarding random iterations of polynomials of the form
$z^{2} + c_{n}$
Authors: WATANABE TAKAYUKI 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider random iterations of polynomial maps
$z^{2} + c_{n}$
, where
$c_{n}$
are complex-valued independent random variables following the uniform distribution on the closed disk with center c and radius r. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we study the (dis)connectedness of random Julia sets. Here, we reveal the relationships between the bifurcation radius and connectedness of random Julia sets. Second, we investigate the bifurcation of our random iterations and give quantitative estimates of bifurcation parameters. In particular, we prove that for the central parameter
$c = -1$
, almost every random Julia set is totally disconnected with much smaller radial parameters r than expected. We also introduce several open questions worth discussing.
On determining and breaking the gauge class in inverse problems for reaction-diffusion equations
Authors: Kian Yavar , Liimatainen Tony , Lin Yi-Hsuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate an inverse boundary value problem of determination of a nonlinear law for reaction-diffusion processes, which are modeled by general form semilinear parabolic equations. We do not assume that any solutions to these equations are known a priori, in which case the problem has a well-known gauge symmetry. We determine, under additional assumptions, the semilinear term up to this symmetry in a time-dependent anisotropic case modeled on Riemannian manifolds, and for partial data measurements on

${\mathbb R}^n$

.
Moreover, we present cases where it is possible to exploit the nonlinear interaction to break the gauge symmetry. This leads to full determination results of the nonlinear term. As an application, we show that it is possible to give a full resolution to classes of inverse source problems of determining a source term and nonlinear terms simultaneously. This is in strict contrast to inverse source problems for corresponding linear equations, which always have the gauge symmetry. We also consider a Carleman estimate with boundary terms based on intrinsic properties of parabolic equations.
Shall the robots remember? Conceptualising the role of non-human agents in digital memory communication
Authors: Makhortykh Mykola 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The rise of digital technology has led to fundamental changes in how individual and collective perspectives on the past are transmitted and engaged. An immediate implication of these changes relates to the shift away from human communication as a single form of communication about memory towards multiple models which involve non-human (or robotic) agents. These non-human agents are primarily constituted by artificial intelligence (AI)-driven systems, such as search engines and conversational agents, which retrieve information about the past for human users and are increasingly used to generate memory-related content. To account for the growing complexity of memory-related digital communication, the article introduces three agency-based models of such communication: (1) human-to-human; (2) human-to-robot; and (3) robot-to-robot. It discusses examples of communication practices enabled by these models and scrutinises their implications for individual and collective memory transmission. The article concludes by outlining several directions for memory communication research increasingly shaped by non-human agents.
Robert Southwell and the ‘Empresse of the skyes’: A Reading of ‘The Sequence on the Virgin Mary and Christ’
Authors: Hawlin Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract‘The Sequence on the Virgin Mary and Christ’, by the poet and martyr St Robert Southwell, S.J. (1561–95), is a beautiful work that is generally still undervalued. The sequence explores the physical, moral, and emotional unity of Mary and her Son in the work of our salvation. The larger context is the Protestant devaluing of hyperdulia. In its historical moment – it was written sometime in the 1580s – it is a subtle exploration of the theme of kenosis and of what a ‘prince’ or ‘queen’ should really be. While being relatively inexplicit, Southwell seems to poise the Virgin Mary against that other ‘empress’, Elizabeth I, and writes with intimacy from the perspective of his own self-understanding as ‘Beatae Virginis filius’ (a son of the Blessed Virgin). The sequence’s modern, editorial title needs to be replaced with one that matches its devotional aims and content. As he faced up to the almost certain prospect of his own martyrdom, Southwell looked to Mary as true mother and queen to sustain him in his sacrifice.
Working with the tensions of transdisciplinary research: a review and agenda for the future of knowledge co-production in the Anthropocene
Authors: Harris Frances , Lyon Fergus , Sioen Giles B. , Ebi Krsitie L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Non-technical summary
Transdisciplinary approaches for sustainability brings natural and social science researchers together with non researchers to fill gaps in scientific knowledge and catalyze change. By connecting diverse academic fields and sectors, it addresses complex problems and enables learning for problem solving. However, institutional barriers, funding constraints, time limitations, and evaluation criteria hinder collaborative progress. Our review reveals tensions at institutional and individual levels. Our findings underscore the significance of soft skills in assembling effective transdisciplinary teams. Embracing transdisciplinary science, as suggested by our review, can enhance problem-solving, and foster transformations for sustainability and resilience.

Technical summary
Sustainability challenges in the age of the Anthropocene require researchers and practitioners to collaborate across multiple academic disciplines and multiple professions outside of universities. In this paper we draw on theories of institutional logics to explore how those involved in transdisciplinary environmental research and practice draw on particular sets of values and norms but encounter challenges to collaboration. These institutional logics include (among others) seeking societal/environmental impact, commercial objectives, and academic knowledge generation. In this paper we review the growing literature on the research experience of transdisciplinarity in sustainability; discuss the processes of managing such research; and present a framework that outlines the challenges and tensions at each stage of the innovation/research process. We set out an agenda for managing tension that calls for recognizing the challenges, learning how to work with tensions, and building capabilities for future careers involving transdisciplinary research. The paper shows a key competence or skill for transdisciplinarians is the ability to develop complex collaborative relationships for sustainability drawing together different institutional logics, approaches, methods, goals, and values.

Social media summary
Transdisciplinary science: bridging disciplines, solving challenges. Soft skills and collaboration key to success.
Variation in the Reflection Height of VLF/LF Transmitter Signals in the D‐Region Ionosphere and the Possible Source: A 2018 Meteoroid in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Ohya H. , Suzuki T. , Tsuchiya F. , Nakata H. , Shiokawa K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSeveral studies have examined ionospheric variation associated with meteorites, meteoroids, or meteors based on Global Satellite Navigation System total electron content observations. However, there have been few quantitative studies of the D‐region of the ionosphere (60–90 km), which is associated with meteoroids. We investigated variation in the D‐region during the passage of a meteoroid over northeastern Hokkaido, Japan, at 11:55:55 UT on 18 October 2018, using very low‐frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) and low‐frequency (LF, 30–300 kHz) signals observed by three transmitters [JJY (40 kHz), JJY (60 kHz), and JJI (22.2 kHz)], at Rikubetsu, Japan. Periodic variation of 100–200 s was observed in the VLF and LF amplitudes upon arrival of the acoustic wave. The vertical seismic velocity of Hi‐net and F‐net data also showed acoustic waves. Although the main period of the acoustic wave was 0.1–0.5 s in the seismic data, a longer period component (100–200 s) remained during propagation up to the D‐region ionosphere. The estimated velocity of the acoustic waves was ∼340 m/s on the ground according to the Hi‐net seismic data. The acoustic wave originated near the endpoint (25 km altitude) of the meteoroid trajectory. Based on the observed propagation time of the acoustic waves and ray tracing results, the acoustic waves propagated obliquely from near the endpoint of the meteoroid trajectory up to a D‐region height (about ∼90 km altitude), south of the Rikubetsu receiver.