bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Moral Foundations Shape Conservative Climate Concerns and Perceptions
Authors: Bedle Heather , Garneau Christopher R. H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Climate change poses one of the most significant threats facing humanity, yet engagement in climate issues among American conservatives remains low. This study demonstrates the critical role moral foundations play in climate attitudes among conservatives. Analyzing survey data (n = 2188), we find that conservatives who score higher in compassion show greater belief in human-caused climate change, suggesting that appealing to shared humanity can persuade conservatives to accept the scientific consensus. However, ingroup loyalty is more pivotal for driving personal climate concern among conservatives. The more ingroup-focused, the less conservatives believe in climate change risk or worry about its impacts. These results highlight the nuanced interactions between morality and political orientation on climate views. The implications underscore the need to target specific moral foundations in climate messaging and policy to build conservative engagement. Appealing to compassion opens minds to climate concerns, but emphasizing impacts to local community rather than global effects is likely more effective for inspiring conservative action on climate change.
Leptin engages the lateral hypothalamus to ventral tegmental area circuit to modulate sleep-wake behavior
Authors: Cui Huxing , Singh Uday , Toth Brandon , Jiang Jingwei , Dickey Jacob , Saito Kenji , Davis Kevin , Aklan Iltan , Yavuz Yavuz , Sayar-Atasoy Nilüfer , Li Rui , Purnell Benton , Mustafa Omar , Deng Guorui , Deng Yue , Kim Youngcho , Atasoy Deniz , Buchanan Gordon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sleep and metabolism are inextricably linked and mutually affect each other. Leptin is a pivotal regulator of metabolic homeostasis, but its effect on sleep-wake regulation remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that leptin acts on a small subset of lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) GABAergic neurons to affect sleep-wake behavior. We found that the selective loss of leptin receptors (LepRs) in the LHA causes sleep fragmentation without altering total sleep time, while severe sleep fragmentation in obese LepR-null mice can be rescued by the selective restoration of LHALepR signaling. In vivo Ca2+ imaging revealed that the vast majority of LHALepR+ neurons are REM sleep- and/or wake-active, and chemogenetic activation of LHALepR+ neurons lead to sustained wakefulness. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of LHALepR+ neuron projections to the ventral tegmental area promotes arousal. Collectively, our results identify an important hypothalamic substrate linking metabolic alterations to aberrant sleep-wake patterns in obesity.
Cognition and influencing factors of secondary prevention in patients with stroke 1 year after discharge in southwest of China: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zhong Xuemin , Li Li , Ye Qing , Wang Jian , He Lanying , Li Changqing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: The risk of recurrent stroke is very high in patients with ischemic stroke (IS), but the implementation of secondary prevention of IS has not been paid enough attention. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cognition and compliance status of secondary prevention in patients with IS in Western China and explore the factors affecting compliance with secondary prevention 1 year after discharge.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of ischemic stroke patients 1 year after discharge in western Southwest China by convenience sampling. The patients were divided compliant and noncompliant groups, and differences in factors affecting compliance with secondary prevention between the two groups were analyzed.
Results: A total of 1,041 patients were followed up in our study. Nearly one third of patients did not perform secondary prevention according tothe guidelines, and animprovement in lifestyle was even less likely. Livingwith or without children did not significantly affect patient compliance (OR,1.11; 95% CI, 0.83–1.49; P=0.47). Furthermore, there was no difference in the prevalence of risk factors between patients with one or two of the three cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia) and those with all three.
Conclusions: Patients with IS had low compliance with secondary prevention. There is a particular lack of emphasis on lifestyle improvement. Further interventions are needed to improve compliance with secondary prevention in patients with IS, especiallypatients with all of three cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia).
Dimethyl sulfate as methylation agent in highly regioselective synthesis of methyl salicylate using sodium bicarbonate as a base in solvent-free medium
Authors: Freitas Milton Souza , Nelson David Lee , Sousa João Victor G. , Wentz Alexandre P. , Tada Dayane B. , Queiroz Rafaela C. , Hurtado Carolina R. , Macedo Erenilda F. , Conceição Katia , Hurtado Gabriela R. , Pessoa Fernando L. P. , Valdez Yan , Bueno Gabriel P. , Clososki Giuliano C. , Barbosa Sandro L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Methyl salicylate (MS), the principal constituent of Wintergreen oil (WO), was obtained from salicylic acid (SA) by regioselective methylation of the carboxyl group. A new procedure involved exclusive capture of carboxylic hydrogen (-COOH) through the use of the selective base, NaHCO3. and methylation via an SN2 mechanism employing the previously formed carboxylate as a nucleophile and the dimethyl sulfate [(CH3)2SO4 or DMS] as the electrophilic reagent or substrate in a solvent-free reaction process. The reagents were added separately. SA and NaHCO3 was added, followed by DMS after 30 min. The reaction involved the esterification by nucleophilic substitution in Csp3 with heating by a heating mantle. The reaction was accompanied by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. The conversion rate via GC was 100%, and the MS yield was 96%. The DMS used in excess was transformed into MeOH and H2SO4 during the washing with water. The MeOH was stored, and H2SO4 was transformed in Na2SO4 by neutralization with NaOH. Na2SO4 can be used as a desiccant. The simplicity of the procedure, readily available MS, short reaction times, excellent yield and mild reaction condition are other advantages of this protocol. Cytotoxicities of 50% and 64% for cultured S. aureus and metastatic melanoma cells, respectively, were observed for a concentration of 0.6 mg/mL of the MS produced, whereas no cytotoxicity against non-tumor cells was observed at this concentration, and this is considered to be the optimum concentration.
Clinical Pattern, Precipitating Factors, and Outcome of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patients Visiting Adult Emergency at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College
Authors: Belachew Tadesse , Tesfay Yemane , Getachew Tesfaye , Zewde Ayelew , Berhen Eyoel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most common acute complications of diabetes mellitus. The mortality rate of DKA was higher in developing countries. Diabetes mellitus has life-threatening complications that are precipitated by various factors such as infections, trauma, cardiovascular diseases, and pregnancy. This study aimed to assess the clinical pattern, precipitating factors, and outcome of DKA.
Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College. Diabetic ketoacidosis patients who were admitted from January 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2021 were included. The sample size was estimated using the single population proportion formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive analysis and bivariate multiple regression analyses were used. Statistical significance was considered for variables with p < 0.05.
Results: A total of 261 medical charts of diabetic patients with DKA were analyzed. Patients’ median (interquartile range) age was 35 (26–46) years, with male predominance (62.1%). Polydipsia and polyuria were the most frequent presenting symptoms. About 39.1% of diabetes was a first-time presentation with DKA while infection and insulin discontinuation were the most common precipitating factors. Sixty-four (24.5%) of the patients had bad management outcomes, with a mortality rate of 1.5%. Having moderate and severe DKA (95% CI: (2.51, 11.62)] and having a lower GCS score at presentation [AOR=3.49 (95%CI: (1.11, 10.99)] were significantly associated with poor management outcome.
Conclusion: Polydipsia and polyuria were the most frequent presenting symptoms. One-fourth of DKA patients had poor management outcomes. The due focus should be given to raising the general public’s awareness about precipitating factors and overall comprehensive diabetic care.
The alterations in nerve growth factor concentration in plasma and synovial fluid before and after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Onodera Tomohiro , Iwasaki Koji , Matsuoka Masatake , Morioka Yasuhide , Matsubara Shinji , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective procedure for pain relief; however, the emergence of postsurgical pain remains a concern. In this study, we investigated the production of nerve growth factor (NGF) and mediators that affect NGF production and their function in the synovial fluid and plasma after TKA. This study included 19 patients (20 knees) who had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and knee osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent TKA, categorized into OA and non-OA groups. The levels of NGF, inflammatory cytokines, and lipid mediators were analyzed before and after surgery. The intraoperative synovial fluid NGF concentration was more than seven times higher in the non-OA group than in the OA group. The intra-articular NGF levels increased significantly by more than three-fold postoperatively in the OA group but not in the non-OA group. Moreover, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators were increased in the synovial fluid of both groups. The intra-articular cytokines or NGF concentrations positively correlated with postoperative pain. Targeted NGF control has the potential to alleviate postsurgical pain in TKA, especially in patients with OA, emphasizing the importance of understanding NGF dynamics under different knee conditions.
Gender disparities in health-related quality of life and its predictors among adults on HAART at public health facilities of southern Ethiopia, 2022: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors:   Aklilu Habte1, Tamene Aiggan , Lukas Kaleegziabher , Hailu Mulugeta , Woldeyohannes Demelash 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) has been widely used in the era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) to assess the impacts and success, as well as the physical, psychological, and social implications of treatment on people living with HIV/AIDS. Identifying and addressing gender disparities in HRQoL is a critical tool in combatting the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Hence, this study aimed at assessing gender disparities in HRQoL among clients on HAART in southern Ethiopia, in 2022.
Methods
A facility-based comparative cross-sectional study was carried out from July 1 – October 30, 2022. A total of 1179 clients (590 males and 589 females) were selected randomly. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires and a data abstraction checklist were used to collect the data. The data were entered into EpiData3.1 and exported to SPPS version 23 for analysis. HRQoL was measured using the World Health Organization's Quality of Life HIV short-form (WHOQOL-HIV BREF) tool. χ2 test was computed to see a significant difference in overall HRQoL across males and females. A multivariable regression model was fitted to identify determinants of HRQoL. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to report determinants of HRQoL. Statistically significant variables in the final model were declared at p-value < 0.05.
Results
The overall mean (±SD) score of HRQoL was 11.14(±1.87) in which more than half (55.8%) of the clients had a good HRQoL. There was a significant difference in good HRQoL between males (60.5%) and females (51.1%) (χ2=21.57, p <0.001). Being urban residents (AOR= 1.86, 95% CI; 1.36, 2.54), higher educational level education (AOR=5.31, 95% CI; 2.92, 9.66), and having a current CD4 count of ≥500 cells/mm3 (AOR= 2.26, 95% CI; 1.43, 3.58) were positive predictors of a good HRQoL. On the other hand, the presence of opportunistic infection (AOR=0.67, 95% CI; 0.45, 0.89), and being a hazardous alcohol consumer (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.53, 0.92) were negative predictors.
Conclusion
Overall HRQoL was found to be low in the study area, with females having significantly lower scores in the majority of domains and overall HRQoL. Due emphasis should be given to those clients with no formal education and who came from rural areas. HAART service providers, addiction counsellors, and psychiatrists should collaborate in offering education on healthy living behaviours, coping mechanisms, and peer support for hazardous alcohol users.
Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix with a prominent spindle cell component
Authors: Fan Yingying , He Ying , Sun Liang , Liu Tianmin , Shen Name：Yangmei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Mesonephric adenocarcinomas (MAs) with spindle cell components are rare malignant tumors of the cervix. We conducted a retrospective analysis of MAs with spindle cell components. Clinicopathological data were collected from electronic surgical pathology records, and immunohistochemistry and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed. The study included three postmenopausal women aged 51 to 60 years. All patients underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. There were no recurrences or deaths after surgery. The NGS analysis identified KRAS mutations in two cases and a lone PIK3CA mutation in one case. Spindle cell components could be a morphological feature of MAs in the advanced stage. Spindle cell components in MAs are diagnostic pitfalls, and the use of immunohistochemical panels and molecular detection is recommended for cases with overlapping morphological features. While KRAS mutation is the most frequent molecular alteration, PIK3CA mutation can be identified independently in cases without KRAS mutation.
Al2O3 effect on thermal, optical and mechanical properties of agro-food wastes derived glasses
Authors: Punj Shivani , Kumar Santosh , Singh Kulvir , Singh Jashandeep 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Glasses are synthesized using agro-food waste products as a sustainable asset, including egg-shell powder, maize husk and sugarcane leaf ashes via melt quench method using two different crucibles to understand the effect of Al2O3 pick up from alumina crucible. The thermal, theoretical optical as well as mechanical parameters of the synthesized glasses are investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirm that those glasses synthesized in an alumina crucible have increased the sintering window and glass-forming ability. The Al2O3 content increase the values of optical basicity, oxide ion polarizability, and refractive index. Mechanical properties also show significant change in the values of elastic modulus, Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Longitudinal modulus for the glasses synthesized in alumina crucible. The results revealed that the presence of higher content of alumina (pick up from crucible) in the glasses, the network become more compact as compared to glasses synthesized in Pt-Rh crucible. These findings open up new possibilities for applying the current glasses to non-linear optical applications.
Preliminary Study of Emotional Inter-Brain Synchronization
Authors: Li Ting , Zhang Heng , Liu Huijing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
When people surf online, they share audio-visual materials and may have similar emotional reactions. We carried out this study to explore the neural mechanism of emotional inter-brain synchronization (IBS). Multilateral interaction is more practical in IBS research than the interaction between two people. We propose a novel inspection method for emotional IBS based on brain connectivity analysis and manifold measurement. The method is expected to deal with multilateral interaction IBS and the problem of heterogeneous data brought by the data collection paradigm. Specifically, the algorithm was constructed based on causal brain connectivity analysis and Riemannian metrics (SPD). Our results suggest that participants have an emotional IBS effect in the context of audio-visual material sharing. The proposed IBS method is more adept at dealing with multiple interaction IBS and effectively reduces algorithm complexity.
Association between Environmental Temperature and Premature Birth Incidence in Mexico from 2008 to 2019
Authors: Siliceo-Cantero Hector Hugo , Moreno-Gutiérrez Silvia Soledad , López-Pérez Sócrates , Maldonado-Muñiz Gabriela , Trejo-García Claudia Atala 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between environmental temperature and preterm birth incidence and to estimate the national variation in both variables in Mexico. This approach is necessary because both variables have been associated in several places in the world but not in Mexico, where recent findings indicate an increase of up to 6°C in some states. Environmental temperature and birth data from 2008 to 2019 were obtained for all Mexican territories from open governmental databases. The data were cleaned and organized by state, year, and month to create a database with information on both environmental temperature and preterm birth incidence. Statistical tools were used to evaluate the relationships at the national and state levels, as well as to evaluate the tendency of environmental temperature. A comparison of both variables among states was also performed. The results indicate a soft, positive and significant association between environmental temperature and preterm birth incidence. Half of the states presented such an association. Both variables differed throughout the Mexican territory. The environmental temperature increased 1°C from 2008 to 2019. There is an association between temperature and preterm birth at the national level; however, at the state level, the association did not occur throughout the territory, so the pattern is not generalizable. Both variables differ among Mexican states. The environmental temperature has shown an increasing trend, which can lead to damage to human health.
Nomogram to Predict Radicular Grooves in Maxillary Lateral Incisors in Preoperative Orthodontic Population
Authors: Zhou Xiuneng , Deng Jie , Liu Nianke , Yang Chunhui , Li Shiyu , Song Yaling 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive nomogram for diagnosing radicular grooves (RG) in maxillary lateral incisors (MLIs), integrating demographic information, anatomical measurements, and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data to diagnose the RG in MLIs based on the clinical observation before resorting to the CBCT scan.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort of orthodontic patients from the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, was analyzed, including demographic characteristics, photographic anatomical assessments, and CBCT diagnoses. The cohort was divided into development and validation groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified significant predictors of RG, which informed the development of a nomogram. This nomogram's performance was validated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.
Results
The study included 381 patients (64.3% female) and evaluated 760 MLIs, with RG present in 26.25% of MLIs. The nomogram incorporated four significant anatomical predictors of RG presence, demonstrating substantial predictive efficacy with an area under the curve of 0.75 in the development cohort and 0.71 in the validation cohort.
Conclusions
A nomogram for the diagnosis of RG in MLIs was successfully developed. This tool offers a practical checklist of anatomical predictors to improve the diagnostic process in clinical practice. Clinical Relevance: The developed nomogram provides a novel, evidence-based tool to enhance the detection and treatment planning of MLIs with RG in endodontic and orthodontic therapeutic strategies.
Projected increase in the impacts of ENSO on hydroclimate over Central Asia
Authors: Le Thanh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Central Asia (CA) is a region at risk of drought and desertification under a warming environment. Hence, further understanding of the drivers of CA hydroclimate is crucial for the production, ecological environment, and social security of this region. However, little is known about the impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a major mode of global climate variability, on future CA hydroclimate. Here we investigated the causal influence of ENSO on future CA hydroclimate using outputs from Coupled Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. We find significant causal effects of ENSO on precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, and runoff over a large part of CA in the model simulations. ENSO is related to the restructuring of winds and atmospheric moisture sources over the tropical Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, and the CA, and thus directly influenced the CA hydroclimate. We showed that, compared to other major climate modes, ENSO exhibits a dominant effect on CA hydroclimate. Model projections indicate that future CA hydroclimate is likely to be linked to ENSO variations with high consistency between models and the likelihood of the hydroclimatic impacts of ENSO on CA may increase in the 21st century. This increase is associated with the extension of ENSO-driven moisture transport over southern and western CA. These findings underscore that ENSO may complicate the future hydroclimatic systems over CA.
Microplastic distribution in a meandering river bed and its sedimentary predictors
Authors: Daele Maarten Van , Bastelaere Ben Van , De Clercq Jens , Meyer Inka , Vercauteren Maaike , Asselman Jana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The scale of microplastic pollution in river sediments is gradually being elucidated through an increasing number of large-scale studies. Despite these advancements, our knowledge about the microplastic distribution within a riverbed – a crucial aspect for quantification – remains poor. Here, we study the meandering River Lys, Belgium, to evaluate how microplastic concentration varies between different sedimentary environments within the riverbed. We find that microplastic abundance is an order of magnitude higher towards the riverbanks compared to the thalweg, corresponding with hydrodynamics. Moreover, apart from the erosional area near the outer banks, organic matter content and median grain size are robust predictors of microplastic concentrations. These results significantly increase our understanding of MP distribution at the small scale of the riverbed. They are a crucial element to guide for future sampling efforts across diverse river systems, paving the way for normalization and better quantification of amounts of microplastics trapped by river sediments.