bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysialic acid regulates the clustering, migration, and neuronal differentiation of progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus
Authors: Burgess Alison , Wainwright Steven R. , Shihabuddin Lamya S. , Rutishauser Urs , Seki Tatsunori , Aubert Isabelle 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNewborn cells of the adult dentate gyrus in the hippocampus are characterized by their abundant expression of polysialic acid (PSA), a carbohydrate attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). PSA+ newborn cells of the dentate gyrus form clusters with proliferating neural progenitor cells, migrate away from these clusters, and terminally differentiate. To identify the roles of PSA in the development of adult progenitors of the dentate gyrus, we injected endoneuraminidase N (endoN) into the hippocampus of adult rats to specifically cleave PSA from NCAM. Two days later, we administered the mitotic marker, 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU). Three days after BrdU injection, BrdU+ cells were found inside and outside the clusters of newborn cells. In endoN‐treated animals, the total number of BrdU+ cells was not changed but significantly more BrdU+ cells were present within clusters, suggesting that PSA normally facilitates the migration of progenitors away from the clusters. Seven days post‐BrdU injection, endoN‐treated animals had significantly more BrdU+ cells which were also positive for the mature neuronal nuclear marker NeuN compared with controls, indicating that the loss of PSA from progenitor cells increases neuronal differentiation. This report is the first demonstration that PSA is involved in controlling the spatio‐temporal neuronal maturation of adult hippocampal progenitors in the normal brain. In vitro, the removal of PSA from adult‐derived neural progenitors significantly enhanced neuronal differentiation, strengthening our in vivo findings and indicating that PSA removal on isolated progenitor cells, apart from a complex in vivo environment, induces neuronal maturation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
1,2‐Diboracyclopentanes without Strong Donor Substituents: Synthesis, Reactions, and Computational Analysis
Authors: Präsang Carsten , Sahin Yüksel , Hofmann Matthias , Geiseler Gertraud , Massa Werner , Berndt Armin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe 1,2‐diduryl‐1,2‐diboracyclopentane 1a was obtained in good yield from the recently described 1,2‐dichloro‐1,2‐diboracyclopentane 1c. Thermolysis of 1a led to a mixture of compounds from which degradation products 5a and 6a as well as isomer 7a could be isolated. Sterically less‐hindered 1b spontaneously transformed into its isomer 7b. Attempts to prepare 4a by deprotonation of 1a led to ring enlarged anions 8a and 8b. The structures of all new compounds were definitively proven by X‐ray structural analyses. Computations at the B3LYP/6‐311+G** level of theory suggest that derivatives of the kinetically preferred isomer 2u of 1u are the key intermediates on the route to 5a and 6a, which are the main products of the thermolysis of 1a. In contrast to expectation, derivatives of thermodynamically preferred isomer 3u could neither be observed nor shown by computations to be involved in the formation of the products obtained from 1a and 1b.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthetic Studies towards Guaianolide Sesquiterpene Lactones
Authors: Reboul Isabelle , Boddaert Thomas , Coquerel Yoann , Rodriguez Jean 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA promising synthetic route towards bioactive guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones is presented. The strategy is based on a recently invented multicomponent reaction (MARDi cascade) and subsequent highly chemoselective and domino transformations for the expeditious stereoselective preparation of the tricyclic core of the natural products. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Effect of particle density and inflow concentration of suspended sediment on bedload transport in rill flow
Authors: Nord Guillaume , Esteves, Michel , Lapetite Jean‐Marc , Hauet Alexandre 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLaboratory flume experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of particle density on bedload transport of sand‐sized particles and the effect of a suspended load of clay particles (kaolinite) on bedload transport of sand‐sized particles in rill flow conditions. Three materials in the range 400–600 µm were selected to simulate bedload transport of primary particles and aggregates: sand (2650 kg/m3), crushed brick (2450 kg/m3) and anthracite (1300–1700 kg/m3). In the two first experiments, two different methods were applied to determine bedload transport capacity of coarse particles for various conditions of flow discharge (from 2 to 15 L/min) and slope (2.2, 3 and 4%). In the third experiment, clear water was replaced with kaolinite–water mixture and bedload transport capacity of crushed brick particles was determined for a 4% slope and different concentrations of kaolinite (0, 7, 41 and 84 g/L). The results showed that bedload transport increased significantly with the decrease in particle density but the effect of particle density on transport rates was much less important than flow discharge. Velocity measurements of clear flow, flow mixed with coarse particles and coarse particles confirmed the existence of a differentiation between suspended load and bedload. In these experimental conditions, suspended load of kaolinite did not affect bedload rates of crushed brick particles. Three transport capacity formulae were tested against observed bedload rates. A calibration of the Foster formula revealed that the shear stress exponent should be greater than 1.5. The Low and the Govers unit stream power (USP) equations were then evaluated. The Low equation was preferred for the prediction of bedload rates of primary particles but it was not recommended in the case of aggregates of low density because of the limited experimental conditions applied to derive this equation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alterations in hepatic glucose and energy metabolism as a result of calorie and carbohydrate restriction
Authors: Browning Jeffrey D. , Weis Brian , Davis Jeannie , Satapati Santhosh , Merritt Matthew , Malloy Craig R. , Burgess Shawn C. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Carbohydrate restriction is a common weight-loss approach that modifies hepatic metabolism by increasing gluconeogenesis (GNG) and ketosis. Because little is known about the effect of carbohydrate restriction on the origin of gluconeogenic precursors (GNG from glycerol [GNGglycerol] and GNG from lactate/amino acids [GNGphosphoenolpyruvate {PEP}]) or its consequence to hepatic energy homeostasis, we studied these parameters in a group of overweight/obese subjects undergoing weight-loss via dietary restriction. We used 2H and 13C tracers and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure the sources of hepatic glucose and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux in weight-stable subjects (n = 7) and subjects following carbohydrate restriction (n = 7) or calorie restriction (n = 7). The majority of hepatic glucose production in carbohydrate restricted subjects came from GNGPEP. The contribution of glycerol to GNG was similar in all groups despite evidence of increased fat oxidation in carbohydrate restricted subjects. A strong correlation between TCA cycle flux and GNGPEP was found, though the reliance on TCA cycle energy production for GNG was attenuated in subjects undergoing carbohydrate restriction. Together, these data imply that the TCA cycle is the energetic patron of GNG. However, the relationship between these two pathways is modified by carbohydrate restriction, suggesting an increased reliance of the hepatocyte on energy generated outside of the TCA cycle when GNGPEP is maximal.

Conclusion:

Carbohydrate restriction modifies hepatic GNG by increasing reliance on substrates like lactate or amino acids but not glycerol. This modification is associated with a reorganization of hepatic energy metabolism suggestive of enhanced hepatic β-oxidation. (Hepatology 2008;48:1487–1496.)
High incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users
Authors: Aitken Campbell Kynoch , Lewis Jennifer , Tracy Samantha Lilly , Spelman Timothy , Bowden David Scott , Bharadwaj Mandvi , Drummer Heidi , Hellard Margaret 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

An estimated 170 million people worldwide carry the hepatitis C virus (HCV), and in more developed countries the prevalence and incidence of HCV is particularly high among injecting drug users (IDUs). Spontaneous clearance of HCV infection and reinfection is well recognized but the level of protection against further infection conferred by HCV infection and clearance remains uncertain. We conducted a prospective study of HCV infection in IDUs recruited in Melbourne, Australia, using a much shorter median testing interval than in previous studies. Incidences of naive infection and reinfection were calculated by the person-year method and Cox proportional hazards regression used to adjust for covariates. A significantly higher HCV incidence rate was measured in previously infected IDUs (46.8% per year) compared with HCV-naive IDUs (15.5% per year). The hazard ratio for previously infected IDUs compared to HCV-naive IDUs, after adjustment for time-dependent covariates, was 2.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–5.78,

P

> |z| < 0.05). Viral persistence after reinfection appeared similar to that following naive infection.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that HCV infection in IDUs is more likely following prior infection and clearance than in HCV-naive individuals, implying no increased immunity against further infection. This result has important implications for the future development of an HCV vaccine. (Hepatology 2008;48:1746-1752.)
Rat hepatocyte spheroids formed by rocked technique maintain differentiated hepatocyte gene expression and function #
Authors: Brophy Colleen M. , Luebke-Wheeler Jennifer L. , Amiot Bruce P. , Khan Harris , Remmel Rory P. , Rinaldo Piero , Nyberg Scott L. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The culture of primary hepatocytes as spheroids creates an efficient three-dimensional tissue construct for hepatic studies in vitro. Spheroids possess structural polarity and functional bile canaliculi with normal differentiated function. Thus, hepatocyte spheroids have been proposed as the cell source in a variety of diagnostic, discovery, and therapeutic applications, such as a bioartificial liver. Using a novel rocking technique to induce spheroid formation, kinetics of spheroid formation, cell-cell adhesion, gene expression, and biochemical activities of rat hepatocyte spheroids were tested over 14 days of culture. Evidence was provided that the formation of spheroids occurred faster and with fewer nonadherent hepatocytes in rocked suspension culture compared to a traditional rotational system. Hepatocyte spheroids in rocked culture showed stable expression of more than 80% of 242 liver-related genes including those of albumin synthesis, urea cycle, phase I and II metabolic enzymes, and clotting factors. Biochemical activity of rocked spheroid hepatocytes was superior to monolayer culture of hepatocytes on tissue culture plastic and collagen. Conclusion: Spheroid formation by rocker technique was more rapid and more efficient than by rotational technique. Rocker-formed spheroids appear suitable for application in a bioartificial liver or as an in vitro liver tissue construct. (Hepatology 2009.)
Human inhibitor of growth 1 inhibits hepatoma cell growth and influences p53 stability in a variant-dependent manner #
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Luo Zhigang , Li Yongmei , Ni Canrong , Li Honghua , Zhu Minghua 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Inhibitor of growth 1 (ING1) is a type II tumor suppressor that affects cell function by altering chromatin structure and regulating transcription. Recently, three ING1 splice variants have been cloned, but their roles in apoptosis and p53 regulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been fully elucidated. The present study found that ING1, in a variant-dependent manner, inhibited hepatoma cell proliferation and colony formation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and postponed tumor formation in nude mice. Expression of p33ING1b and p24ING1c variants, but not p47ING1a, was markedly reduced in HCC samples. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis revealed that ectopic overexpression of p33ING1b or p24ING1c variant increased the expression of p53 downstream genes such as p21waf1 and bax, and repressed bcl-2 expression (P < 0.01), whereas p47ING1a inactivated p21waf1 promoter (P < 0.01). Furthermore, we found that p33ING1b and p24ING1c repressed Mdm2 expression (P < 0.01) and competed with Mdm2 for binding to p53. Interestingly, p33ING1band p24ING1c did not directly bind to Mdm2 protein but strongly increased p14arf expression (P < 0.01) and interacted with p14arf protein to stimulate p53. Moreover, we found that ectopic overexpression of p33ING1b or p24ING1c significantly induced p53 protein acetylation at Lys-373/Lys-382 residue, but did not alter the phosphorylation status of p53. Conclusion: ING1 variants p33ING1b and p24ING1c may modulate p53 activity and subsequently inhibit hepatoma cell growth by at least two possible mechanisms: interacting with Mdm2 and p14arf to stabilize and activate p53, or increasing p53 acetylation. (Hepatology 2009.)
Predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with cirrhosis: Results differ across risk adjustment methods #
Authors: Myers Robert P. , Quan Hude , Hubbard James N. , Shaheen Abdel Aziz M. , Kaplan Gilaad G. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Risk-adjusted health outcomes are often used to measure the quality of hospital care, yet the optimal approach in patients with liver disease is unclear. We sought to determine whether assessments of illness severity, defined as risk for in-hospital mortality, vary across methods in patients with cirrhosis. We identified 258,731 patients with cirrhosis hospitalized in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2002 and 2005. The performance of four common risk adjustment methods (the Charlson/Deyo and Elixhauser comorbidity algorithms, Disease Staging, and All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups [APR-DRGs]) for predicting in-hospital mortality was determined using the c-statistic. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to a primary versus secondary diagnosis of cirrhosis and in homogeneous patient subgroups (hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, congestive heart failure, pneumonia, hip fracture, and cholelithiasis). Patients were also ranked according to the probability of death as predicted by each method, and rankings were compared across methods. Predicted mortality according to the risk adjustment methods agreed for only 55%–67% of patients. Similarly, performance of the methods for predicting in-hospital mortality varied significantly. Overall, the c-statistics (95% confidence interval) for the Charlson/Deyo and Elixhauser algorithms, Disease Staging, and APR-DRGs were 0.683 (0.680–0.687), 0.749 (0.746–0.752), 0.832 (0.829–0.834), and 0.875 (0.873–0.878), respectively. Results were robust across diagnostic subgroups, but performance was lower in patients with a primary versus secondary diagnosis of cirrhosis. Conclusion: Mortality analyses in patients with cirrhosis require sensitivity to the method of risk adjustment. Because different methods often produce divergent severity rankings, analyses of provider-specific outcomes may be biased depending on the method used. (Hepatology 2008.)
Determinants of relapse after a short (12 weeks) course of antiviral therapy and re-treatment efficacy of a prolonged course in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 infection #
Authors: Mangia Alessandra , Minerva Nicola , Bacca Donato , Cozzolongo Raffaele , Agostinacchio Ernesto , Sogari Fernando , Scotto Gaetano , Vinelli Francesco , Ricci Giovanni Luciano , Romano Mario , Carretta Vito , Petruzzellis Daniela , Andriulli Angelo 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
In hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 2 and 3 patients, the high rate of relapse after 12 to 16 weeks of antiviral therapy is the main concern for shortening treatment duration. This study was undertaken to delineate predictors of relapse after short treatment in patients with undetectable HCV RNA at treatment week 4 (RVR), and to report in RVR patients with relapse the sustained virological response (SVR) after a second 24-week course of therapy. RVR patients received pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) alfa-2b (1.5 μg/kg) and ribavirin (1000-1200 mg/day) for 12 weeks; those who relapsed were re-treated with the same drug doses but for the extended standard duration of 24 weeks. Logistic regression analysis was applied to delineate predictors of relapse by using age, sex, route of transmission, body mass index (BMI), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HCV genotypes, serum HCV RNA levels, and platelet counts as covariates. Of 718 patients with genotypes 2 and 3 who were started on therapy, 496 (69.1%) had undetectable HCV RNA at week 4. Of them, 409 patients (82.5%, CI 79.1-85.8) attained SVR, and 67 (14.1%, CI 10.4-16.5) relapsed. At regression analysis, only platelet count less than 140,000 mm3 [odds ratio, 2.51; confidence interval (CI), 1.49-4.20] and BMI 30 or higher (odds ratio, 1.7; CI, 1.03-2.70) were independently associated with relapse. Forty-three of 67 patients with relapse agreed to be re-treated, and an SVR was achieved in 30 (70.0%) of them. Conclusion: We recommend 12 weeks course of therapy for patients with undetectable HCV RNA at treatment week 4, providing they present with no advanced fibrosis and low BMI. (Hepatology 2008.)
The interleukin-17 pathway is involved in human alcoholic liver disease # †
Authors: Lemmers Arnaud , Moreno Christophe , Gustot Thierry , Maréchal Raphaël , Degré Delphine , Demetter Pieter , de Nadai Patricia , Geerts Albert , Quertinmont Eric , Vercruysse Vincent , Le Moine Olivier , Devière Jacques 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Immune dysregulations in alcoholic liver diseases are still unclear, especially regarding alcoholic hepatitis inflammatory burst. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is known to enhance neutrophil recruitment. We studied the IL-17 pathway in alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis. Patients with alcoholic liver disease were compared with patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or autoimmune liver disease and with healthy controls. IL-17 plasma levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cell secretion were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and T cell phenotype by flow cytometry. IL-17 staining and co-staining with CD3 and myeloperoxidase were performed on liver biopsy specimens. IL-17 receptor expression was studied on liver biopsies and in human hepatic stellate cells as well as their response to recombinant IL-17 by chemotaxis assays. IL-17 plasma levels were dramatically increased in alcoholic liver disease patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with alcoholic liver disease produced higher amounts of IL-17, and their CD4+ T lymphocytes disclosed an IL-17–secreting phenotype. In the liver, IL-17–secreting cells contributed to inflammatory infiltrates in alcoholic cirrhosis, and alcoholic hepatitis foci disclosed many IL-17+ cells, including T lymphocytes and neutrophils. In alcoholic liver disease, liver IL-17+ cells infiltrates correlated to model for end-stage liver disease score, and in alcoholic hepatitis to modified discriminant function. IL-17 receptor was expressed in alcoholic liver disease by hepatic stellate cells, and these cells recruited neutrophils after IL-17 stimulation in a dose-dependent manner through IL-8 and growth related oncogen α (GRO-α) secretion in vitro. Conclusion: Human alcoholic liver disease is characterized by the activation of the IL-17 pathway. In alcoholic hepatitis, liver infiltration with IL-17–secreting cell infiltrates is a key feature that might contribute to liver neutrophil recruitment. (Clinical trials number NCT00610597). (Hepatology 2009;49:646–657.)
Numerical simulation of vortex structures and heat transfer behind a hill in a laminar boundary layer
Authors: Yanaoka Hideki , Inamura Takao , Suenaga Yosuke , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe present study examines a three‐dimensional numerical simulation of vortex structures and heat transfer behind a hill mounted in a laminar boundary layer. A vortex pair is formed symmetrically in the separation bubble behind the hill, and a hairpin vortex is periodically shed in the wake. The hairpin vortex moves downstream with time, and the gradient of the head of the hairpin vortex increases. Further downstream, the hairpin vortex is deformed to an Ω‐shaped structure. In the growth process of the hairpin vortex, horn‐shaped secondary vortices grow near the wall. The dissipation rate of the temperature fluctuation around the hairpin vortex increases because the heated fluid near the wall is removed to the free stream by Q2 ejection. Heat transfer increases due to the legs of the hairpin vortex and secondary vortices. These vortices generate high turbulence in the flow field and also contribute to an increase in Reynolds shear stress and turbulent heat flux. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(7): 398–411, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20217
Condensate drop movement in Marangoni condensation by applying bulk temperature gradient on heat transfer surface
Authors: Utaka Yoshio , Kamiyama Tomoki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe spontaneous movement of condensate drops by application of a bulk temperature gradient on the heat transfer surface in Marangoni condensation was investigated, with consideration for applications to heat transfer devices. In the Marangoni condensation process, the removal of condensate on the heat transfer surface is important to maintain good heat transfer. A heat transfer device, in which the liquid movement occurs without external forces such as gravity and vapor shear force, may be useful in various applications. As a result of experiments using a water–ethanol vapor mixture, the movement of droplets from the low‐temperature side to high‐temperature side could be observed on a horizontally arranged heat transfer surface. The relation between the velocity of drop movement and the gradient of surface tension was studied for different concentrations. Furthermore, the effect of inclination of the condensing surface was examined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(7): 387–397, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20218