bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological study of colorectal mucinous carcinoma in Taiwan: A multivariate analysis
Authors: WU CHENG‐SHYONG , TUNG SHUI‐YI , CHEN PANG‐CHI , KUO YOW‐CHII 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe clinicopathological significance of colorectal mucinous carcinoma is controversial, although some authors feel mucinous carcinoma has a worse prognosis than that of non‐mucinous carcinoma. To clarify the significance of this type of carcinoma in Taiwan, a retrospective review of patients with colorectal carcinoma treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 1984 and 1988 was undertaken. During this period, 53 mucinous carcinomas and 401 non‐mucinous carcinomas fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed. Mucinous carcinomas were more common in patients 39 years of age or under (P < 0.005). Most mucinous carcinomas were located in the rectum/rectosigmoid, followed by the right colon; however, the right colon had a higher relative incidence (38 vs 8%, respectively; P < 0.005). Mucinous carcinomas presented at a significantly more advanced stage (23 vs 8%, respectively, stage D disease; P < 0.005) and had a markedly lower curative resection rate (68 vs 84%, respectively; P < 0.05). Following curative resection, mucinous carcinomas tended to have an increased incidence of subsequent distant metastasis (27.8 vs 18.8%, respectively; P < 0.005). The overall survival rate of patients with mucinous carcinoma was worse than that of non‐mucinous carcinoma (P < 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that clinically important predictive factors were stage of disease on diagnosis and subsequent distant metastasis. The mucinous histological type itself was not an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer.
Sulindac and indomethacin inhibit formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colons of dimethyl hydrazine treated rats
Authors: CHARALAMBOUS DORA , FARMER CHIP , O'BRIEN PAUL E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAberrant crypt foci are microscopic lesions found in the colons of rodents treated with carcinogens, and in patients with premalignant colorectal conditions. They consist of single or multiple abnormal crypts and show cellular changes ranging from dysplasia to microscopic adenomacarcinoma. It is thought that these lesions represent the initial stages of the adenomacarcinoma path that results in the development of colorectal neoplasia. We have examined the effect of sulindac and indomethacin on the formation of aberrant crypt foci in rats treated with dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Aberrant crypt foci were induced in male Sprague‐Dawley rats with two oral doses of dimethyl hydrazine at 25 mg/kg per dose. Rats were randomized to receive sulindac at 3 mg/kg (n= 20) or 10 mg/kg (n=18) b.d., indomethacin at 1 mg/kg per day (n=18) or 2 mg/kg per day (n=19) or control (n= 37). Drug treatment was started on the day following the first dose of carcinogen and continued for 3 weeks. Colons were fixed flat overnight in 10% formalin and stained with 0.2% Methylene Blue solution before being studied. There was a significant reduction in the number of aberrant crypt foci in rats treated with 10 mg/kg b.d. sulindac (P= 0.001) and indomethacin at 2 mg/kg per day (P= 0.0002). Sulindac, at 3 mg/kg b.d., and indomethacin, at 1 mg/kg per day, did not have a statistically significant effect (P= 0.089 and P= 0.052, respectively). None of the drug treatments affected the relative frequency of single crypt vs multiple crypt foci. Previous studies have shown that sulindac and indomethacin will significantly inhibit the growth and development of tumours in DMH treated rats. The current data suggest that one of the pathways of action of NSAID is to inhibit the formation of early preneoplastic lesions.
Pancreatic calculi superimposed upon slow growing pancreatic cancer
Authors: NODA A. , TAKEUCHI K. , IBUKI E. , MURAYAMA H. , KOBAYASHI T. , NONOGAKI T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report on a 59 year old male patient with cancer of the head of the pancreas, upon which pancreatic calculi were superimposed during the 3 year clinical course. Pancreatic calculi were noted in the main pancreatic duct (MPD) on both computed tomographic scans and ultrasonographs of the abdomen approximately 10 months after the recognizable dilatation of the MPD. Existence of the calculi was confirmed by autopsy. Elemental analysis and infrared spectrophotometry of the calculi demonstrated that the main constituent of the calculi was calcium carbonate. Histopathological examination showed that the pancreatic cancer was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that pancreatic stone protein (lithostathine) was present in the cytoplasm of tumour cells. In this case, pancreatic cancer progressed to obstruct the MPD unusually slowly, resulting in stagnation of pancreatic secretion and subsequent formation of the calculi.
Vagal hyperactivity in stress induced gastric ulceration in rats
Authors: CHO CH , QIU BS , BRUCE IC 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIndirect evidence suggests that stress ulceration is provoked by vagal hyperactivity. However, direct evidence of hypervagal activity during stress conditions is lacking. Experiments were designed to directly measure vagal activity under different stress conditions in rats. Starvation stress for 48 h did not change the mean amplitude of action potentials, but their frequency was significantly decreased. Restraint stress at 22°C increased vagal activity, both amplitude and frequency, in the first 60 min; these responses were markedly enhanced by cold (4°C) and persisted for at least 2 h. Starvation for 48 h did not induce any gastric mucosal lesions. Restraint alone produced petechiae in the gastric mucosa, but cold restraint induced severe haemorrhagic ulcers. It is concluded that cold restraint stress provokes a prolonged vagal hyperactivity, which is one of the causative factors for gastric ulceration.
Effects of transforming growth factors on the wound repair of cultured rabbit gastric mucosal cells
Authors: KOBAYASHI OSAMU , WATANABE SUMIO , HIROSE MIYOKO , SATO NOBUHIRO 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe have evaluated the role of two different transforming growth factors in the restoration of rabbit primary cultured gastric mucosal cells using a new wound repair model. After forming confluent monolayer cell sheets, a wound with a constant size (2 mm2) was made using a rotating silicon tip. Either TGFα (0.1–100 ng/mL) or TGFβ1 (0.1–10 ng/mL) was added to the medium and the process of wound repair was monitored and analysed quantitatively by an image analyser. Cell proliferation was examined by BrdU staining. After wounding, the cells fronting the wound formed lamellipodia and migrated towards the centre of the wound. In the control group, the wound healed completely 48 h after wounding. TGFα promoted wound healing and the wound healed within 36 h in the presence of TGFα. TGFα increased the number of proliferative cells and they appeared in an earlier phase of healing than in controls. TGFβ did not have any effect on the wound repair process. In conclusion, TGFα promotes mucosal cell repair processes in the rabbit primary cultured gastric mucosal wound repair model in a dose‐dependent manner by accelerating migration and proliferation. TGFα may modulate the healing process of a gastric ulcer or erosion in vivo.
Role of endotoxaemia in hyperdynamic circulation in rats with extrahepatic or intrahepatic portal hypertension
Authors: LEE FA‐YAUH , WANG SUN‐SANG , YANG MAY CHUEN‐MAY , TSAI YANG‐TE , WU SHWU‐LING , LU REI‐HWA , CHAN CHO‐YOU , LEE SHOU‐DONG 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the role of endotoxaemia in the development of hyperdynamic circulation observed in rats with extrahepatic (high collateralization) or intrahepatic (low collateralization) portal hypertension. Compared with sham‐operated rats, decreased mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance were detected on days 1, 4 and 14 following partial portal vein ligation. By day 1, the cardiac index of portal vein‐ligated rats was similar to that of sham‐operated rats and progressively increased, thereafter, reaching statistically higher values on days 4 and 14. No differences in plasma endotoxin levels were found between portal vein‐ligated and sham‐operated rats throughout the observation period. Both carbon tetrachloride‐induced cirrhotic rats with and without ascites had a higher cardiac index and lower systemic vascular resistance than those of control rats, and cirrhotic rats with ascites had the lowest systemic vascular resistance. Plasma endotoxin levels were higher in cirrhotic rats with ascites (8.6±2.0 pg/mL; P < 0.01) than those of control rats (2.2±0.3 pg/mL) and cirrhotic rats without ascites (2.4±0.6 pg/mL). These results suggest that factors other than endotoxaemia play a role in the development of hyperdynamic circulation observed in rats with extrahepatic portal hypertension and cirrhotic rats without ascites, but that endotoxaemia may contribute to the maintenance of hyperdynamic circulation found in cirrhotic rats with ascites. The severity of liver disease may be a more important factor than the presence of portosystemic shunting for the development of endotoxaemia in portal hypertensive states.
Long‐term administration of natural interferon‐α in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Relationship to serum RNA concentration, HCV‐RNA genotypes, histological changes and hepatitis C virus
Authors: KUMADA TAKASHI , NAKANO SATOSHI , TAKEDA ISAO , SUGIYAMA KEIICHI , OSADA TOSHIMASA , KIRIYAMA SEIKI , TOYODA HIDENORI , SASA TOSHI , SHIBATA MOTOHIRO , MORISHIMA TSUNEO , NAKANO ISAO , FUKUDA YOSHIHIDE , KOSAKA YOSHITANE , TAMEDA YUKIHIKO , NAKASHIMA MITSUYOSHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo virologically assess the efficacy of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C, either 5 or 10 MU/day natural interferon‐α (IFNα) was administered to 57 patients with chronic hepatitis C for 38 weeks. A complete and sustained response (CR‐SR), as evidenced by the absence of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐RNA during the administration period and at 6 months after the final administration of IFNα and a normal GPT level at 6 months after final administration, occurred in 42.6% (23/54) of subjects. Liver tissue was histologically evaluated using the histological activity index (HAI) score before and after the administration period. In CR‐SR cases, significant improvements (P <0.01) occurred in periportal necrosis, intralobular necrosis, portal inflammation and total score. A comparison, by HCV genotypes, revealed that CR‐SR occurred in 60% (9/15) of subjects with type 2a and 30.3% (10/33) of subjects with type Ib. A comparison by virus concentration revealed that CR‐SR occurred in 71.4% (15/21) of those subjects having a virus concentration of < 105 copies/mL, but in only 24.2% (8/33) of those having a virus concentration of > 105 copies/mL. Analysis by a multiple logistic model revealed a strong correlation between the therapeutic effect of interferon therapy and the pre‐administration virus concentration (P=0.0061) and genotype (P=0.0015). These results suggest that the preadministration virus concentration and genotype are both key factors affecting the therapeutic effect of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C and that the therapeutic effect of interferon is satisfactorily high, irrespective of virus concentration, in subjects with type 2a HCV, but varies depending on virus concentration in subjects with type 1b.
Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit hepatocyte myosin that cross‐react with human liver myosin
Authors: UENO TAKASHI , WATANABE SUMIO , HIROSE MIYOKO , NOZAWA RYUSHI , YASUURA SHINICHI , EGAWA HISAYO , SATO NOBUHIRO , KOMINAMI EIKI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe prepared polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against myosin purified from rabbit hepatocytes. Immunoblotting analyses revealed that the polyclonal antibody and four (HM1, HM2, HM3 and HM4) of five monoclonal antibodies reacted with myosin heavy chain. Chymotryptic cleavage of myosin yielded a 130 kDa fragment comprising the tail portion of the myosin heavy chain and a 67 kDa fragment comprising the ATP‐binding active site of the myosin head. All active antibodies reacted with epitopes localized in the 130 kDa fragment. Monoclonal antibodies HM3 and HM4 and the polyclonal antibody reacted strongly with myosin heavy chains from a human liver homogenate prepared from a surgically resected liver specimen. Immunocytochemical analyses showed that myosin is localized along the plasma membrane as well as around the bile canaliculi in both rabbit and human hepatocytes. Immunocytochemical analyses on liver blocks obtained from those patients who suffered various types of diseases accompanying cholestasis clearly indicated a marked increase in pericanalicular myosin. This altered myosin localization is analogous to that observed in phalloidin‐treated liver. Thus, myosin localization, determined using these antibodies, can provide a valid morphological basis for diagnosing the pathological state of the patient liver.
Role of pentobarbitone anaesthesia and sympathetic tone in the haemodynamic effects of isosorbide dinitrate in rats with cirrhosis
Authors: KIRSTETTER PHILIPPE , PILETTE CHRISTOPHE , MOREAU RICHARD , CAILMAIL STEPHANE , SAFKA VACLAV , SOUPISON THIERRY , LEBREC DIDIER 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe haemodynamic effects of nitrovasodilators and their mechanisms of action on portal hypertension remain unclear. The splanchnic and systemic haemodynamic response to the infusion of isosorbide dinitrate (100 μg/kg per min), a nitrovasodilator, was investigated in cirrhotic rats. The role of the conscious state in the haemodynamic response to isosorbide dinitrate was examined using rats that were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. The role of sympathetic tone in the haemodynamic response to isosorbide dinitrate was examined using rats pretreated with the ganglion blocker hexamethonium. Isosorbide dinitrate had no haemodynamic effects in conscious, unblocked normal and cirrhotic rats. Isosorbide dinitrate had no haemodynamic effects in normal and cirrhotic rats treated with hexamethonium. In normal anaesthetized rats, isosorbide dinitrate significantly decreased systemic vascular resistance (414±25vs290±26 dyn.s/cm5per 100 g). In cirrhotic anaesthetized rats, isosorbide dinitrate significantly decreased mean arterial pressure (98±6vs79±7 mmHg), systemic vascular resistance (318±30vs207±10 dyn.s/cm5per 100 g), portal pressure (14.0±1.0vs11.3±0.9 mmHg) and portal territory vascular resistance (1362±163vs1031±182 dyn.s/cm5per 100 g). In conclusion, this study shows that the portal hypotensive effects of isosorbide dinitrate depend upon the alterations of vascular tone by pentobarbitone.
Adaptation of the gastric epithelium to injury is maintained in vitro and is associated with increased TGF‐α expression
Authors: DOLJANIN KATRINA , SKELJO MARYANNE V. , YEOMANS NEVILLE D. , GIRAUD ANDREW S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAdaptation is the name given to the progressive decrease in gastric mucosal damage following repeated dosing with damaging agents. This study aimed to determine whether adaptation is an intrinsic property of the gastric epithelium and the role in the development of this process of TGFα. Rats were given either one or six daily doses of 10 mg/kg diclofenac or six daily doses of vehicle only (1% methylcellulose). On the 7th day, antral mucosa was taken for organ culture and loaded with [51Cr]. Explants were challenged with ethanol and damage quantified by [51Cr] release. In a separate experiment, rats were dosed as above and the gastric mucosa was extracted and TGFα quantified by RIA. The rate of [51Cr] release was significantly lower after ethanol injury in explants from rats previously adapted to diclofenac (9.2±2.5%) compared with those exposed to a single damaging dose of diclofenac (25.9±3.5%) or vehicle only (26.4±3.3%; P < 0.01; anova). The concentration of TGFα was significantly higher in the gastric epithelium of rats adapted to diclofenac than other groups (P < 0.05; t‐test). Cross adaptation of the gastric mucosa to injury has therefore been demonstrated in antral mucosal explants in organ culture while TGFα peptide expression is elevated in the adapted gastric mucosa. These findings suggest that adaptation is an inherent property of the gastric epithelium and it is likely that TGFα may play a role in its maintenance.
Mental retardation and colorectal disease: Colonoscopic mass screening to determine whether the risk of adenomatous polyposis syndrome is increased in the mentally retarded
Authors: UNO YOSHIHARU 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAdenomatous polyposis syndrome (APS) is often associated with mental retardation, but whether there is a causal relationship between the two is unknown. This study was initiated to determine colorectal disease rates among mentally retarded subjects and whether they are at risk of developing colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic mass screenings were conducted to detect the presence of colonic neoplasms in 134 patients housed at an institution for the mentally retarded. The ages of these subjects ranged from 32 to 69 years (mean: 44 years) and their IQ scores ranged from 35 to 63. Screening presented no difficulties and the colonic regions up to the caecum were inspected in all patients. Polyps were found in 24 patients (17.9%), an abnormal fixation in two (1.5%), melanosis coli in two (1.5%) and haemorrhoids in two (1.5%). Thirteen subjects had a single polyp (54%), five had two polyps (21%), three had three polyps (12.5%) and three had four polyps (12.5%). Twenty one polyps were less than 5 mm in diameter, 14 were 5–9 mm and nine were 10 mm or larger. No cases of APS were detected during this mass screening programme. The mentally retarded patients in this study were not found to be at a high risk of developing either APS or colon cancer.
Role of endothelin‐1 in repeated electrical stimulation‐induced microcirculatory disturbance and mucosal damage in rat stomach
Authors: FUKUMURA DAI , KUROSE IWAO , MIURA SOICHIRO , SERIZAWA HIROSHI , SEKIZUKA EIICHI , NAGATA HIROSHI , TSUCHIYA MASAHARU , ISHII HIROMASA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to clarify the involvement of endogenous endothelin in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage. The rat stomach was exposed and repeated electrical stimulation (RES) was applied to the small arterial wall close to the lesser curvature. Significant mucosal haemorrhagic lesions (ulcer and erosion) were noted within 30 min after RES. Intravital microscopic observations revealed that an arteriolar constriction occurred in the submucosal layer of the rat stomach approximately 5 min after the completion of RES. Following the arteriolar constriction, the mucosal blood flow of the rat stomach, which was monitored by using a laser Doppler velocimeter, decreased to approximately 30% of the control value. The plasma immunoreactive endothelin‐1 level in the regional blood of the stomach was significantly increased immediately after RES preceding the decrease in mucosal blood flow. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that endothelin‐1 and big‐endothelin‐1 were detectable in the arteriolar endothelium around the muscularis mucosa, supporting the involvement of endothelin‐1 in RES‐induced mucosal ischaemia. In addition, BQ‐123, a specific antagonist of the endothelin A (ETA) receptor, attenuated the reduction of blood flow and the development of haemorrhagic lesions observed in gastric mucosa subjected to RES. The results of the present study suggest that an excessive production of endothelin‐1 in the arteriolar endothelium leads to microvascular derangements accompanied by haemorrhagic alterations of the gastric mucosa.
Metronidazole resistance: A predictor of failure of Helicobacter pylori eradication by triple therapy
Authors: MIDOLO PD , LAMBERT JR , TURNIDGE J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTriple therapy (bismuth and two antibiotics) will eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection in 70–90% of subjects. Treatment failure has been attributed to patient compliance and antimicrobial drug resistance. The aim of this study was to examine factors influencing the eradication of H. pylori following triple therapy. Thirty seven subjects with H. pylori cultured from antral biopsies were treated with colloidal bismuth subcitrate (120 mg qid for 2 weeks), metronidazole (400 mg tid for 1 week) and amoxycillin (500 mg tid for 1 week). Pretreatment isolates of H. pylori were tested for metronidazole susceptibility by agar dilution according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. Factors including age, sex, clinical diagnosis and metronidazole resistance were evaluated in relation to H. pylori. The overall metronidazole resistance was 32%. Metronidazole resistant strains were more frequent in females, with a resistance rate of 54%. Helicobacter pylori eradication occurred in 68% of patients with a metronidazole susceptible stain and only 17% of patients with a metronidazole resistant strain (P < 0.03). Helicobacter pylori eradication is dependent upon susceptibility to metronidazole. This data would support the role for routine metronidazole susceptibility testing using appropriate standardized methods when triple therapy is to be considered.
Chronic liver disease in children on long‐term parenteral nutrition
Authors: MISRA SUDIPTA , AMENT MARVIN E , VARGAS JORGE H , SKOFF CHRISTOPHER , REYEN LAURIE , HERZOG FAY 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTUse of long‐term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is often presumed to be associated with serious hepatic dysfunction. In this retrospective study, we reviewed the complete charts of patients who had received TPN for more than 2.5 years, starting in infancy or childhood, for evidence of liver dysfunction. There were 16 male and 10 female patients with a total of 254.5 patient years on TPN. Seventeen patients have been on TPN since birth or early infancy. Thirteen of 26 patients derive ≥90% of their calorie intake from TPN. Six patients had hepatomegaly; two of them also had splenomegaly. Twenty‐one patients had normal transaminases, nine have had past episodes of raised enzymes ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 times normal. Seventeen patients always had normal bilirubin levels, five had past episodes of hyperbilirubinaemia, while four patients had persistently raised bilirubin levels (range 1.5–20.7 g/dL). Alkaline phosphatase was normal for age in all patients except two. Hepatic synthetic function, as measured by albumin, pre‐albumin levels and prothrombin time, was within the normal range in all patients except one. Liver biopsies were performed in eight patients. Two biopsies showed cirrhosis, one showed chronic active hepatitis (CAH) with cholestasis, two patients had fibrosis, one showed cholestasis and two biopsies were normal. One patient with cirrhosis and one with CAH were positive for hepatitis C antibody. Another asymptomatic patient was positive for hepatitis B. Only the patient with CAH had hepatic decompensation. We conclude that clinical hepatic failure is uncommon in our group of patients on long‐term TPN for 2.5 years or more. Cirrhosis and fibrosis, when found, could not be solely attributed to TPN.