bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism in endostatin, an angiogenesis inhibitor, and prostate cancer risk and survival: A prospective study
Authors: Mucci Lorelei A. , Stark Jennifer R. , Figg William D. , Schumacher Fredrick , Li Haojie , Abe Miyako , Hennessy Kristen , Stampfer Meir J. , Gaziano John Michael , Ma Jing , Kantoff Philip W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEndostatin inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration, prerequisites of angiogenesis. A functional missense mutation (D104N) in endostatin was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk in a small study. We undertook a larger, prospective study within the Physicians' Health Study to examine D104N and prostate cancer risk and progression among 544 incident prostate cancer cases (1982–1995) and 678 matched controls. The association between endostatin genotype and cancer risk was estimated using logistic regression models. Among cases, Cox models were used to assess D104N and lethal prostate cancer. Given the role of endostatin in neovascularization of adipose tissue, we cross classified individuals on D104N genotype and body mass index (BMI). The genotype frequency was 1.3% homozygous (NN), 14.5% heterozygous (DN) and 84.2% wildtype homozygous (DD). There was no overall association between carriage of the N allele and prostate cancer risk (RR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.9–1.6) or cancer‐specific mortality (HR = 1.2, 0.7–1.8). Cases with the polymorphic allele were less likely to be overweight (BMI 25 kg/m2 or greater, 26%) compared to men wildtype homozygous (48%), p < 0.0001. Being overweight was associated with a 60% greater prostate cancer risk among those who were wildtype homozygous. In contrast, being overweight was associated with a 50% lower risk of cancer among those with the N allele. We did not confirm an earlier observation between the D104N polymorphism and prostate cancer. However, our data indicate that prostate cancer cases who carry the variant N allele are more likely to be overweight, and may be more susceptible to the angiogenic influences of obesity in prostate cancer pathogenesis. © 2009 UICC
Triggered release from peptide‐proteinoid microspheres
Authors: Quirk Stephen 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProteinoid microspheres (PM) are unusual polymers formed by the thermal condensation of amino acids. Although they have been studied for over 60 years, they are only now beginning to garner interest as controlled release agents. Although they are very biocompatible, it has been problematic to design useful triggers that release small molecules from PM interiors. This has severely limited their usefulness. In the present study, short peptides have been successfully incorporated into PMs during their formation. The resulting hybrid peptide‐PMs can release their interior content when hydrolyzed by a proteinase. Specifically, if a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cleavage site peptide is incorporated into a PM, the peptide‐PM will release interior contents only in the presence of the MMP recognizing the cleavage peptide. The release rate can be determined by the concentration of the peptide in the PM synthesis mixture. This potentially makes peptide‐PMs useful for delivering inhibitors or drugs into acute and chronic wounds, periodontal disease sites, and other disease states involving the fine‐tuned regulation of proteinases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Reaction of 2‐carboxy‐1‐methylindole‐3‐acetic acid anhydride with amines and with S‐methylisothiosemicarbazide
Authors: Ali M. I. , Abdel‐Fattah A. M. , Hussain S. M. , El‐Reedy A. M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2‐Carboxy‐1‐alkylindole‐3‐acetic acid anhydrides (I) condensed with S‐methylisothiosemicarbazide in DMF to form 5,11‐dihydro‐6‐methyl‐2‐methylthioindolo[3′,2′:4,5]pyrido[1,2‐b]‐s‐triazol‐5‐one (II). Compound II underwent ring opening on refluxing with sodium hydroxide solution to give IV. The anhydride I reacted with primary amines in benzene to give 2‐carboxy‐1‐alkylindole‐3‐acetanilide derivatives (VI) which yielded l‐methylindole‐3‐acetic acid by decarboxylation followed by hydrolysis. Compound II oxidised to the diketo compound X which could be prepared by the hydrolysis of the azomethine derivative IX with acetic acid‐hydrochloric acid mixture. Compound II reacted with benzyl chloride to yield the dibenzyl derivative XII, condensed with p‐chlorobenzaldehyde to form the 11‐p‐chlorobenzylidene derivative XI and coupled with arenediazonium salt to give the 11‐arylhydrazone derivatives XIII.
On triazoles. I. The reaction of N‐cyanocarbonimidodithioic acid diesters with hydrazines
Authors: Reiter J. , Somorai T. , Jerkovich Gy. , Dvortsák P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of N‐cyanocarbonimidodithioic acid di(alkyl and aralkyl)esters with different alkyl‐, aralkyl‐ and arylhydrazines to yield 1‐substituted‐3‐R‐thio‐5‐amino‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles (3) and 2‐substituted‐3‐R‐thio‐5‐amino‐2H‐1,2,4‐triazoles (4) was studied. Isolation of the different types of isomeric pairs of 3 and 4 helped to prove the structure of products obtained which made possible correction of some confusion in the literature. The 3 (R = H) tautomeric structure of the non‐substituted derivatives was supported by comparison of their uv and cmr spectra with those of the alkylated and aralkylated derivatives 3 and 4, respectively, again correcting confusion in the literature. An hplc determination of the ratio of products 3 and 4 formed in the above reactions with different hydrazines made it possible to prove the mechanism of the reaction.
Total assignment of the 1H NMR spectra of 5H‐indolo[1,7‐ab] [1]benzazepine,6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐indolo[1,7‐ab][1]benzazepine and pyrrolo[3,2,1‐kl ] phenothiazine
Authors: Hallberg Anders , Dahlgren Torsten , Martin Arnold , Christiansen Kenner 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe total assignment of the 1H nmr spectrum of the three tetracyclic compounds: 5H ‐indolo[1,7‐ab][1]benzazepine,6,7‐dihydro‐5H ‐indolo[1,7‐ab ][1]benzazepine and pyrrolo[3,2,1‐kl ]phenothiazine is described. Assignments were based on decoupling experiments and the spectrum of 1,10‐dideuteriopyrrolo[3,2,1‐kl]phenothiazine and the spectral parameters were verified by spin‐simulation techniques. A temperature study of 6,7‐dihydro‐5H ‐indolo[1,7‐ab][1]benzazepine was also performed.
The preparation of arylpropiolic acids via styrylisoxazoles
Authors: Chimichi S. , De Sio F. , Donati D. , Pepino R. , Rabatti L. , Sarti‐Fantoni P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe vic‐dibromo derivatives obtained by bromine addition to 3‐methyl‐4‐nitro‐5‐styrylisoxazoles were used as starting materials for the preparation of arylpropiolic acids.
Derivatives of imidazo[5,1‐c][1,4]benzoxazin‐l‐ones and related analogs. Part I
Authors: Banzatti C. , Della Torre A. , Melloni P. , Pieraccioli D. , Salvadori P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe bicyclic 2,3,3a,4‐tetrahydro‐1H‐imidazo[5,1‐c][1,4]benzoxazin‐1‐one system and the related 1,4‐benzo‐thiazine and 4,1]benzoxazepine analogs were synthesized. They were easily obtained by melting a suitable diamine derivative with urea. Some of them displayed very good reversible MAO‐I activity selective for type A. The preparation of the intermediate amines is also given.
Synthesis and chemistry of some pyridazine nucleosides related to certain 5‐substituted pyrimidine nucleosides
Authors: Katz David J. , Wise Dean S. , Townsend Leroy B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCondensation of 3,4‐dichloro‐6‐[(trimethylsilyl)oxy] pyridazine (3) with 1‐O‐acetyl‐2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranose (4), by the stannic chloride catalyzed procedure, has furnished 3,4‐dichloro‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl) pyridazin‐6‐one (5). Nucleophilic displacement of the chloro groups and removal of the benzoyl blocking groups from 5 has furnished 3‐chloro‐4‐methoxy‐, 3,4‐dimethoxy‐, 4‐amino‐3‐chloro‐, 3‐chloro‐4‐methylamino‐, 3‐chloro‐4‐hydroxy‐, and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranosylpyridazin‐6‐one. An unusual reaction of 5 with dimethylamine is reported. Condensation of 4,5‐dichloro‐3‐nitro‐6‐[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]pyridazine with 4 yielded 4,5‐dichloro‐3‐nitro‐1‐(2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyridazin‐6‐one (24). Nucleophilic displacement of the aromatic nitro groups from 24 is discussed. Condensation of 3 with 3,5‐di‐O‐p‐toluoyl 2‐deoxy‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl chloride (28) afforded an α, β mixture of 2‐deoxy nucleosides. The synthesis of certain 3‐substituted pyridazine 2′‐deoxy necleosides are reported.
Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]thiéno[2,3‐e]pyrazine. Etude chimique de la dihydro‐4,5 oxo‐5 pyrrolo[1,2‐a]thiéno[2,3‐e]pyrazine
Authors: Effi Yamien , Lancelot Jean‐Charles , Rault Sylvain , Robba Max 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLa dihydro‐4, 5 oxo‐5 pyrrolo[1, 2‐a]thiéno[2, 3‐e]pyrazine 1 qui présente la tautomérie lactime‐lactame peut subir des réactions de substitution électrophile au niveau de l'atome d'azote lactamique. La chloro‐5 pyrazine 11 autorise les réactions de substitution nucléophile sur le cycle pyrazinique.Les dérivés hydrazinés obtenus par cette voie peuvent exister sous la forme tautomère hydrazone. Cette tautomérie est étudiée par spectrométrie de 1H‐rmn. La réaction de thionation forme la thioxopyrazine 27 qui peut subir des réactions de S‐substitution.
The preparation of macrocyclic polyether‐diester compounds by transesterification including the preparation of two new nitrogen containing diester‐crown compounds
Authors: Bradshaw Jerald S. , Jones Brian A. , Nielsen Ralph B. , Spencer Neil O. , Thompson Patricia K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMacrocyclic polyether‐diester compounds have been prepared by reacting oligoethylene glycols with the appropriate dimethyl esters in the presence of catalytic amounts of alkali metal methoxides. The methanol by‐product was removed by molecular sieves. Product yields were improved for the preparation of all macrocyclic compounds except a compound containing a furan subcyclic group (4). Six new macrocyclic diester compounds (7‐12) could only be prepared using the base catalyzed transesterification process since the acid chloride synthetic method failed or the acid chloride could not be made. The formation of compounds 5 and 6 from dimethyl 2, 6‐pyridine dicarboxylate (17) and the triethylene and tetraethylene glycols proceded by way of half‐transesterified intermediates. These intermediates were also observed for the base catalyzed decomposition of 5 and 6 in methanol to form the glycol and the diester 17.
Hydrazine‐hydrazone tautomerism in phenylhydrazinopyrimidones
Authors: Wright George E. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract4‐Phenylhydrazino‐2‐pyrimidone and its 1‐methyl analog have been shown by 1H nmr to exist in intercon‐verting hydrazine and hydrazone tautomers in deuteriodimethylsulfoxide solution. Solvent effects indicate that increasing solvent polarity favors the hydrazine forms. In contrast, the 3‐methyl analog occurs exclusively as the hydrazone. The hydrazone forms of the parent and 1‐methyl derivatives appear to adopt the syn rotamers as a result of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Variable temperature studies showed relatively high free energy barriers to tautomerization in these compounds, resulting both from solvation and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The 1H nmr spectra of 1‐methyl‐4‐hydrazino‐2‐pyrimidone suggest that it exists predominately as the hydrazone in deuteriodimethylsulfoxiderdeuteriochloroform solution, although the barrier to tautomerization is similar to those for the phenylhydrazino compounds.
Preparation of new dihydrofuro[2,3‐f]indole derivatives
Authors: Plattner J. J. , Parks J. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe preparation of new dihydrofuro[2, 3‐f]indole derivatives and their fully aromatic counterparts is described. Key steps in the synthesis include a Claisen rearrangement/m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid oxidation sequence to form a dihydrobenzofuran intermediate and an iron/acetic acid reductive cyclization to generate the dihydrofuro[2, 3‐f]indole nucleus. Introduction of a 5‐phenyl substituent on the indole nitrogen was effected by a modified Ullmann reaction. Fully aromatic furo[2, 3‐f]indoles were obtained from the dihydro congeners by dehydrogenation with 2, 3‐dichloro‐5, 6‐dicyano‐1, 4‐benzoquinone.
Synthesis of β‐lactams by the photolysis of cyclohexyl benzoylformate in the presence of imines
Authors: Aoyama Hiromu , Sakamoto Masami , Yoshida Katsuhiko , Omote Yoshimori 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReaction of imines with hydroxyphenylketene which was produced by photolysis of cyclohexyl benzoylformate gave β‐lactams in good yields.
Synthesis of 2‐(α‐hydroxyalkyl)‐1,3‐heterocyclic alcohols and aryl carbamates
Authors: Pridgen Lendon N. , Miller George 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeveral N‐(substituted phenyl)carbamoyloxylalkyl‐1,3‐heterocycles of the structure 3 were prepared from their respective α‐hydroxyalkyl‐1,3‐heterocyclic alcohols 1. Efficient syntheses of the prerequisite novel 1,3‐heterocyclic alcohols, such as 2‐(α‐hydroxyalkyl)‐2‐oxazolines, −5,6‐dihydro‐1H‐1,3‐oxazines, −1,4,5,6‐tetra‐hydropyrimidines, ‐imidazolines, and 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H‐1,3‐diazepines were developed. Stannous octoate was found to effectively catalyze the formation of the carbamate 3 from heterocyclic alcohol 1 and aryl‐isocyanate 2.
Chromium trioxide oxidation products from 4‐spiro‐1‐phenylisochromans
Authors: Gatta Franco , Settimj Guido 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChromium trioxide oxidation of 1‐phenylisochroman‐4‐spiro‐1′‐cyclopentane (Ia) in acetic acid led to the expected 1‐(2‐benzoylphenyl)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid (IIa), while its 6,7‐dimethoxy analogue Ib and 6,7‐dimethoxy‐1‐phenylisochroman‐4‐spiro‐4′‐(1′‐methyl)piperidine (Ic) under the same conditions gave a mixture of their related 1‐hydroxy derivatives VIIIb and VIIIc and of the p‐benzoquinones, 1‐benzoyloxymethyl‐1‐(2,5‐dioxo‐4‐methoxyphenyl)cyclopentane (IXb) and 1‐benzoyloxymethyl‐1‐(2,5‐dioxo‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐methylpiperidine (IXc). Cyclization of Ila with hydrazine or monomethylhydrazine led to the 5‐spiro‐substituted 1‐phenyl‐3,5‐dihydro‐4H‐2,3‐benzodiazepin‐4‐ones IIIa or XIa.
Eight‐membered heterocycles. 12H‐dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin and 12H‐dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaborocin derivatives
Authors: Pastor Stephen D. , Spivack John D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of phosphonite and thiophosphite derivatives of the 12H‐dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin ring system is described. The 'H nmr shows evidence for long‐range coupling of the C‐12 methine proton to phosphorus. The 1H nmr of the 12H‐dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaborocin ring system is compared to that of the phosphorus analog. The nmr spectral data suggest that the phosphorus and boron containing ring systems have similar ring conformations.
Synthesis of 4‐(4‐Alkyl‐2‐morpholinyl)indoles
Authors: Clark Robin D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractN‐substituted 4‐(2‐morpholinyl)indoles were prepared from 1‐(t‐butoxycarbonyl)‐4‐acetylindole (7) which was itself prepared from 4‐cyanoindole. Bromination of ketone 7, followed by reaction with amines and subsequent sodium borohydride reduction, gave amino alcohols. These were converted to α‐chloro amides that were cyclized to lactams. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction served both to remove the t‐BOC protecting group and to reduce the lactams to the 4‐(2‐morpholinyl) indoles.
Synthesis of 1,3,4,14b‐tetrahydro‐2H,10H‐pyrazino[1,2‐α]‐ pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepines
Authors: Ong‐Lee Avelina , Sylvester Leo , Wasley Jan W. F. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract1,3,4,14b‐Tetrahydro‐2H,10H‐pyrazino[1,2‐α]pyrrolo[2,1‐c] [1,4]benzodiazepines (1a‐e) were synthesized to investigate their potential CNS activity. The key step in the synthesis was the formation of the 10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine (13) by reduction and concomitant cyclization of the nitroketone (11). Biological evaluation of 1a‐e revealed interesting properties for 1b (CGS 7525A) [2].
Darstellung und isolierung isomerer phenoxaphosphinsäuren
Authors: Renger Bernd 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn contrast to literature data, m‐chloro, bromo or methyl substituents on diphenyl ethers do not block attack ortho to them in the reaction with phosphorus trichloride and aluminium chloride. By reacting diphenyl ethers 3 and 6 mixtures of the isomeric phenoxaphosphinic acids 4/5 and 7/8 were obtained, which were easily separated by crystallisation.
Preparation of 5‐substituted benzylbarburituric acids and investigation of the effect of the benzyl and substituted benzyl groups on the acidity of barbituric acid
Authors: Tate John V. , Tinnerman William N. , Jurevics Vito , Jeskey Harold , Biehl Edward R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe acidity of 5‐benzylbarbituric acid and a series of 5‐substituted benzylbarbituric acids has been determined in 50% ethanol/water and they were found to be more acidic than barbituric acid. The pKas of these derivatives obey Hammett's equation indicating that their acidity is affected by substituents in the same manner as the benzoic acid ionization constants. A synthesis of these acids is described.
New reactions of deoxyvasicinone. Part 4
Authors: Dunn A. D. , Kinnear K. I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAnalogues of deoxyvasicinone (1) in which the pyrrolo ring is substituted, enlarged, or attached to the a face of the quinazolone system were prepared and several reactions of these analogues with electrophilic reagents have been investigated.
Synthesis and reactions of sydnone oximes
Authors: Lowe James D. , Turnbull Kenneth 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOximino sydnones 1a,b have been prepared and subjected to reaction with a variety of electrophilic reagents. The aldoxime reacted with all of the latter (except acetic anhydride) to give 3‐(2‐cyanophenyl)sydnone 1h. With acetic anhydride, both sydnone oximes formed the corresponding O‐acetates li,m. Similarly, O‐sulfonates 1l,k,j, respectively, were obtained by reaction of the ketoxime with benzene‐, methane‐ and para‐toluenesulfonyl chloride. Thermolysis (on silica) of the O‐sulfonates and the O‐acetates has been examined.
Synthesis of pyrazolo[4,5‐d]‐ and pyrazolo[4,5‐c][1]benzazepine derivatives. IV
Authors: Melani Fabrizio , Cecchi Lucia , Palazzino Giovanna , Filacchioni Guido 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFollowing our reports on synthetic tricyclic analogues of antitumor anthramycin the synthesis of some isomers pyrazolo[4,5‐d]‐ and pyrazolo[4,5‐c][1]benzazepine derivatives is reported.
Synthesis of NSC‐341,964: An unexpected study on the stability of 2‐aryl‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones
Authors: Johnson Judith L. , Pattison Ian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractResynthesis of NSC 341,964, which had been assigned structure 1 (1‐[[3‐(7‐chloro‐4‐oxo‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐2‐yl)phenyl]methyl]pyridinium chloride) was approached via 7‐chloro‐2‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐one (5) obtained from 3‐methylbenzoyl chloride (2) and 2‐amino‐4‐chlorobenzoic acid (3) followed by dehydration in acetic anhydride. Radical bromination provided 6 which with pyridine afforded the bromide analog 7 of 1. Ion exchange, however, gave ring‐opened benzoic acid 8 rather than 1. The original sample of NSC 341,964 also proved to be ring‐opened material. However, 7 upon standing exhibited slow hydrolysis to 8 so that the structure of the original NSC 341,964 remains uncertain. A more direct route to compound 8 is also described.
The synthesis of benzofuroquinolines. IV. Some halobenzofuro[2,3‐B]‐ and [3,2‐C]quinoline derivatives
Authors: Yamaguchi Seiji , Tsuzuki Kunihiro , Kinoshita Minoru , Oh‐Hira Yutaka , Kawase Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSome 8‐ or 9‐halobenzofuro[2,3‐b]quinolines (1a, 8‐F, 8‐C1, 9‐F, 9‐Cl) and 9‐halobenzofuro[2,3‐b]quinoline‐11‐carboxylic acid (1b, F, Cl) were synthesized from 6‐ or 7‐halo‐3‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquino‐line‐4‐carboxylic acids (3). And, some 9‐halo‐11(6H)‐benzofuro[2,3‐b]quinolinone (8, F, Cl, Br) and 2‐halo‐6(5H)‐benzofuro[3,2‐c]quinolinone (9, F, Cl, Br) were synthesized from 6‐halo‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐2(1H)‐quinolinone (7), and they were converted to the corresponding chlorohalobenzofuroquinolines (1c, 9‐F, 9‐C1, 9‐Br, and 2, F, Cl, Br).
Preparation of crown compounds containing allyloxymethyl or butenyl groups for attachment to silica gel or containing long chain lipophilic groups for use in liquid membrane systems
Authors: Mcdaniel Christopher W. , Bradshaw Jerald S. , Krakowiak Krzysztof E. , Izatt Reed M. , Savage Paul B. , Tarbet Bryon J. , Bruening Ronald L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeveral new macrocyclic polyether ligands have been prepared for use in the separation of metal ions from aqueous solutions. Four of the crown ethers reported contain 1,2,4‐triazole or 4‐pyridone protonionizable subcyclic units and lipophilic groups. The remaining crown ethers are not proton‐ionizable but contain alkene groups and were prepared for attachment to silica gel. The crowns were prepared by reacting the appropriate glycols with the appropriate ditosylates or dichloride in the case of the 1,2,4‐triazole subcyclic unit. The crowns with proton‐ionizable and lipophilic substituents were tested in liquid membrane transport systems and some of the crowns with alloxymethyl or butenyl substituents were attached to silica gel. The log K values for the interaction of these silica gel‐bound macrocycles with certain metal ions were nearly the same (± 10%) as those for the association of the unbound macrocycles with the same metal ions.
1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of diazomethane to azolopyridazines. The synthesis of isomeric 7‐methyl‐7h‐ and 8‐methyl‐8h‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]azolopyridazmes
Authors: Merslavič Marjo , Petrič Andrej , Rozman Damjana , Stanovnik Branko , Tišler Miha 
Published: March 2009

Abstract1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of diazomethane to 6‐chloro substituted azolopyridazines 1‐4 produces isomeric pairs of 7‐methyl‐7H‐ 9‐12 and 8‐methyl‐8H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]azolopyridazines 13‐16. The nucleophilic substitution of chlorine at position 6 affords the corresponding 6‐amino 17, 20, 23, 26, 29,32,35 and 38, 6‐methoxy 18, 21, 24, 27, 30,33, 36, and 39 and 6‐hydrazino derivatives 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37, and 40 of these tricyclic systems.
Synthesis of a benzodiazepine analogous sydnotriazepine
Authors: Fleischhacker Wilhelm , Urban Ernst 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStarting from 3‐benzylamino‐4‐benzoylsydnone (1) acylation to N‐acetyl (2a), N‐chloroacetyl (2b) and N‐bromoacetyl (2c) derivatives was successful. Treatment of 2b or 2c with liquid ammonia resulted in cleavage of the N‐acyl group to give sydnone imine 3 instead of cyclisation to sydnotriazepine 8. Condensation of 1 with protected glycines 5a‐5c by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide yielded glycineamides 6a, 6b and 6c. Compound 6c was selectively deprotected and converted to sydnotriazepine 7, a benzodiazepine analogous sydnotriazepine.
Studies concerning pyrrolo[2, 1‐a]phthalazines and related compounds
Authors: Uff Barrie C. , Ghaem‐Maghami Ghobad , Budhram Ronald S. , Wilson Claire L. , Apatu Jonas O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of pyrrolo[2, 1‐a]phthalazine derivatives has been prepared including examples carrying a variety of O‐ and N‐substituents at position‐6. A number of the products and related tricyclic structures show mild anti‐hypertensive activity including 6‐allyloxy‐1, 2‐dichloro‐3‐phenylpyrrolo[2, 1‐a]phthalazine.
Palladium‐catalyzed furylation and thienylation of activated alkenes with 2‐furoyl chloride and 2‐thenoyl chloride
Authors: Kasahara Akira , Izumi Taeko , Ogihara Takao 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2‐Furoyl or 2‐thenoyl chlorides readily react with activated alkenes in the presence of a tertiary amine and a catalytic amount of palladium(II) acetate to give 2‐furylated or 2‐thienylated alkenes. Under similar conditions, 2‐benzofuroyl chloride undergoes facile alkenylation to produce 2‐alkenylated benzofurans. The reaction involves a highly efficient decarbonylation of furoyl or thenoyl‐palladium species.