bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo promoter analysis of antiviral heat shock cognate 70B gene in Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Kang Seokyoung , Sim Cheolho , Byrd Brian D , Collins Frank H , Hong Young S 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
The Anopheles gambiae heat shock cognate gene (hsc70B) encodes a constitutively expressed protein in the hsp70 family and it functions as a molecular chaperone for protein folding. However, the expression of hsc70B can be further induced by certain stimuli such as heat shock and infection. We previously demonstrated that the An. gambiae hsc70B is induced during o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) infection and subsequently suppresses ONNV replication in the mosquito. To further characterize the inducibility of hsc70B by ONNV infection in An. gambiae, we cloned a 2.6-kb region immediately 5' upstream of the starting codon of hsc70B into a luciferase reporter vector (pGL3-Basic), and studied its promoter activity in transfected Vero cells during infection with o'nyong-nyong, West Nile and La Crosse viruses.

Results
Serial deletion analysis of the hsc70B upstream sequence revealed that the putative promoter is likely located in a region 1615–2150 bp upstream of the hsc70B starting codon. Sequence analysis of this region revealed transcriptional regulatory elements for heat shock element-binding protein (HSE-bind), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), dorsal (Dl) and fushi-tarazu (Ftz). Arbovirus infection, regardless of virus type, significantly increased the hsc70B promoter activity in transfected Vero cells.

Conclusion
Our results further validate the transcriptional activation of hsc70B during arbovirus infection and support the role of specific putative regulatory elements. Induction by three taxonomically distinct arboviruses suggests that the HSC70B protein may be expressed to cope with cellular stress imposed during infection.
How to make the rhetoric of joined-up government really work
Authors: Hyde Jim 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
"Joined-up' government and 'whole-of-government' approaches have evolved over the past two decades from the simple 'one-stop-shop' concept to much more formal organisational structures mandated at the highest levels. In many cases, the participants in these developments were learning on the job, as they responded to community and political demands for better service delivery and more accountability. This paper looks back at some of those developments and proposes a schema to assess and place policies, strategies and programs.
Genetic lineage tracing defines distinct neurogenic and gliogenic stages of ventral telencephalic radial glial development
Authors: Anthony Todd E , Heintz Nathaniel 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background
Radial glia comprise a molecularly defined neural progenitor population but their role in neurogenesis has remained contested due to the lack of a single universally accepted genetic tool for tracing their progeny and the inability to distinguish functionally distinct developmental stages.

Results
By direct comparisons of Cre/loxP lineage tracing results obtained using three different radial glial promoters (Blbp, Glast, and hGFAP), we show that most neurons in the brain are derived from radial glia. Further, we show that hGFAP promoter induction occurs in ventral telencephalic radial glia only after they have largely completed neurogenesis.

Conclusion
These data establish the major neurogenic role of radial glia in the developing central nervous system and genetically distinguish an early neurogenic Blbp+Glast+hGFAP- stage from a later gliogenic Blbp+Glast+hGFAP+ stage in the ventral telencephalon.
Wnts acting through canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways exert opposite effects on hippocampal synapse formation
Authors: Davis Elizabeth K , Zou Yimin , Ghosh Anirvan 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background
Wnt proteins comprise a large class of signaling molecules that regulate a variety of developmental processes, including synapse formation. Previous studies have shown Wnts to be involved in both the induction and prevention of synapses in a number of different organisms. However, it is not clear whether the influence of Wnts on synapses is a result of Wnts' behavior in different organisms or differences in the activity of different Wnt ligands.

Results
We used in situ hybridization to show that several Wnt ligands (Wnt3, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, and Wnt7b) and their receptors, Frizzled, are expressed in the developing hippocampus during the period of synapse formation in rodents. We used recombinant Wnt protein or Wnt conditioned media to explore the effects of Wnts on synapses in hippocampal cultures. We found that Wnt7a and Wnt7b activate canonical signaling, whereas Wnt5a activates a noncanonical pathway. The activation of the canonical pathway, either through pathway manipulations or through Wnt stimulation, increases presynaptic inputs. In contrast, exposure to Wnt5a, which activates a noncanonical signaling pathway, decreases the number of presynaptic terminals.

Conclusion
Our observations suggest that the pro- and antisynaptogenic effects of Wnt proteins are associated with the activation of the canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways.
A dramatic, objective antiandrogen withdrawal response: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lau Yiu-Keung , Chadha Manpreet K , Litwin Alan , Trump Donald L 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Antiandrogen withdrawal response is an increasingly recognized entity in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. To our knowledge, there have been no reports describing a durable radiologic improvement along with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with discontinuation of the antiandrogen agent bicalutamide. We report a case in which a dramatic decline of serum PSA levels associated with a dramatic improvement in radiologic disease was achieved with bicalutamide discontinuation.
Chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 expression are associated with perineural invasion of prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Shiwu , Qi Lisha , Li Man , Zhang Danfang , Xu Shaoyan , Wang Ning , Sun Baocun 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the roles of CXCL12 and CXCR4 and the associated mechanism involved in perineural invasion of prostate cancer.MethodsThe distribution and expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human prostate cancer and in tumor cells invading nerve tissue were studied with immunohistochemical staining. The effects of exogenous CXCL12 and CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 on PC3 prostate cancer cells invasiveness were assessed in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in human prostate cancer were higher than those in hyperplastic prostate tissues (P< 0.05). In vitro CXCL12 could stimulate the PC3 cells invasiveness (P< 0.05) while AMD3100 could inhibit invasiveness. In vivo, the number of nerves around the tumor tissue in the group treated with CXCL12 was significantly higher than that found in the control group (P< 0.05). Both the control group and the CXCL12-treated group had more nerves number near the tumor tissue than it found in the AMD3100-treated group. The positive cell number of CXCL12, CXCR4, MMP-2, MMP-9, and NGF expression ranked from highest to lowest, were the CXCL12-treated, the control, and the AMD3100-treated group(P< 0.05).ConclusionCXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 along with MMP-2 and MMP-9 are related with prostate cancer perineural invasion.
Antitumor efficacy of combination of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 gene with gemcitabine, a study in murine model
Authors: Mei Kai , Wang Lian , Tian Ling , Yu Jingrui , Zhang Zhixuan , Wei Yuquan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundInterferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis. It has been reported that the antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy has synergistic effects.MethodsTo elucidate the mechanisms of IP-10 gene combined with a chemotherapy agent, we intramuscularly injected pBLAST-IP-10 expression plasmid combined with gemcitabine into tumor-bearing mice.ResultsThe proliferation of endothelial cells was effectively inhibited by IP-10 combined with gemcitabinein vitro. Treatment with pBLAST-IP-10 twice a week for 4 weeks combined with gemcitabine 10 mg/kg (once a week) resulted in sustained high level of IP-10 protein in serum, inhibition of tumor growth and prolongation of the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Compared with administration of IP-10 plasmid or gemcitabine alone, the angiogenesis in tumors were apparently inhibited, and the numbers of apoptotic cells and lymphocytes in tumor increased in the combination therapy group.ConclusionOur data indicate that the gene therapy of antiangiogenesis by intramuscular delivery of plasmid DNA encoding IP-10 combined with gemcitabine has synergistic effects on tomor by inhibiting the proliferation of endothelail cells, inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells, and recruiting lymphocytes to tumor in murine models. The present findings provided evidence of antitumor effects of genetherapy combined with chemotherapy.
Impact of low-dose prednisolone on bone synthesis and resorption in early rheumatoid arthritis: experiences from a two-year randomized study
Authors: Engvall Inga-Lill , Svensson Björn , Tengstrand Birgitta , Brismar Kerstin , Hafström Ingiäld ,   the BARFOT study group
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased frequency of osteoporosis, mainly because of increased bone resorption. Reduction of disease activity is suggested to reduce bone remodelling. It might also be possible that prednisolone treatment could cause this effect because prednisolone has been shown to arrest the development of joint destruction in early RA. Therefore, we examined the effects of low-dose prednisolone on serum concentrations of bone remodelling markers and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in RA patients in relation to bone mineral density.

Methods
One hundred and fifty patients, 67% women, with early RA, mean disease duration of six months (95% confidence interval (CI) = three to eight months), who had participated in the BARFOT (Better Anti-Rheumatic FarmacOTherapy) low-dose prednisolone study were included. They had been randomised to either the P-group, who were treated with 7.5 mg prednisolone daily (n = 70, mean age = 51 years, 95% CI 48 to 54 years), or the NoP-group, who received no prednisolone (n = 80, mean age 58 years, 95% CI 56 to 61 years), when they started their first disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD). Serum samples were analysed at baseline, 3 and 12 months for procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), a marker of bone formation, and the C-telopeptide crosslaps of type I collagen (CTX-1) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (1CTP), markers of bone degradation. IGF-1 was analysed at baseline and after 12 months. Bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 24 months.

Results
Levels of P1NP decreased rapidly in the P-group (p < 0.001). Levels of CTX-1 and 1CTP decreased in both treatment groups, but significantly more in the P-group (differences between groups p < 0.019 and p < 0.001, respectively). IGF-1 increased in the P-group (p < 0.001) but remained stable in the NoP-group. Bone mineral density decreased in the spine in both groups, significantly more in postmenopausal women from the P-group. Femur bone mineral density only decreased in the NoP-group.

Conclusions
Low-dose prednisolone in early RA counteracts the negative impact of rheumatoid inflammation on bone tissue in the hip, a juxta-articular localisation. Thus bone mineral density was preserved in the femur in the P-group and 1CTP decreased rapidly. However, the systemic inflammatory consequences on bone could not be prevented in the lumbar spine, especially not in postmenopausal women, probably because of the combined effect of suppression of bone synthesis by prednisolone and the postmenopausal status.
A simple, fast, and accurate method of phylogenomic inference
Authors: Wu Martin , Eisen Jonathan A 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe explosive growth of genomic data provides an opportunity to make increased use of protein markers for phylogenetic inference. We have developed an automated pipeline for phylogenomic analysis (AMPHORA) that overcomes the existing bottlenecks limiting large-scale protein phylogenetic inference. We demonstrated its high throughput capabilities and high quality results by constructing a genome tree of 578 bacterial species and by assigning phylotypes to 18,607 protein markers identified in metagenomic data collected from the Sargasso Sea.
Epicardial Adipose Tissue as a Source of Nuclear Factor-κB and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Mediated Inflammation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Baker A. R. , Harte A. L. , Howell N. , Pritlove D. C. , Ranasinghe A. M. , da Silva N. F. , Youssef E. M. , Khunti K. , Davies M. J. , Bonser R. S. , Kumar S. , Pagano D. , McTernan P. G. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Context: Visceral adipose tissue (AT) is known to confer a significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Epicardial AT has been shown to be related to cardiovascular disease and myocardial function through unidentified mechanisms. Epicardial AT expresses an inflammatory profile of proteins; however, the mechanisms responsible are yet to be elucidated.
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to: 1) examine key mediators of the nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways in paired epicardial and gluteofemoral (thigh) AT from coronary artery disease (CAD) and control patients and 2) investigate circulating endotoxin levels in CAD and control subjects.
Design: Serums and AT biopsies (epicardial and thigh) were obtained from CAD (n = 16) and non-CAD (n = 18) patients. Inflammation was assessed in tissue and serum samples through Western blot, real-time PCR, ELISAs, and activity studies.
Results: Western blotting showed epicardial AT had significantly higher NFκB, inhibitory-κB kinase (IKK)-γ, IKKβ, and JNK-1 and -2 compared with thigh AT. Epicardial mRNA data showed strong correlations between CD-68 and toll-like receptor-2, toll-like receptor-4, and TNF-α. Circulating endotoxin was elevated in patients with CAD compared with matched controls [CAD: 6.80 ± 0.28 endotoxin unit(EU)/ml vs. controls: 5.52 ± 0.57 EU/ml; P&lt;0.05].
Conclusion: Epicardial AT from patients with CAD shows increased NFκB, IKKβ, and JNK expression compared with both CAD thigh AT and non-CAD epicardial AT, suggesting a depot-specific as well as a disease-linked response to inflammation. These studies implicate both NFκB and JNK pathways in the inflammatory profile of epicardial AT and highlight the role of the macrophage in the inflammation within this tissue.
Central Control of Body Weight and Appetite
Authors: Woods Stephen C. , D'Alessio David A. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

Context
Energy balance is critical for survival and health, and control of food intake is an integral part of this process. This report reviews hormonal signals that influence food intake and their clinical applications.

Evidence Acquisition
A relatively novel insight is that satiation signals that control meal size and adiposity signals that signify the amount of body fat are distinct and interact in the hypothalamus and elsewhere to control energy homeostasis. This review focuses upon recent literature addressing the integration of satiation and adiposity signals and therapeutic implications for treatment of obesity.

Evidence Synthesis
During meals, signals such as cholecystokinin arise primarily from the GI tract to cause satiation and meal termination; signals secreted in proportion to body fat such as insulin and leptin interact with satiation signals and provide effective regulation by dictating meal size to amounts that are appropriate for body fatness, or stored energy. Although satiation and adiposity signals are myriad and redundant and reduce food intake, there are few known orexigenic signals; thus, initiation of meals is not subject to the degree of homeostatic regulation that cessation of eating is. There are now drugs available that act through receptors for satiation factors and which cause weight loss, demonstrating that this system is amenable to manipulation for therapeutic goals.

Conclusions
Although progress on effective medical therapies for obesity has been relatively slow in coming, advances in understanding the central regulation of food intake may ultimately be turned into useful treatment options.
Thiiranation of 2′-Adamantylidene-9-benzonorbornenylidene and cis- and trans-Cyclooctenes with 4,4′-Dithiodimorpholine in Acetic Anhydride
Authors: Sugihara Yoshiaki , Koyama Hiroki , Yasukawa Yuri , Nakayama Juzo 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Thiiranation of 2′-adamantylidene-9-benzonorbornenylidene (1) with 4,4′-dithiodimorpholine (5) in Ac2O at −15 °C gave thiiranes 2 and 3 without the decomposition of the thermodynamically less stable 3. cis- and trans-Cyclooctenes underwent thiiranation with retention of their stereochemistry.
Direct Preparation of Primary Amides by Reaction of Carboxylic Acids and Ammonia in Alcohols Using DMT-MM
Authors: Mizuhara Tsukasa , Hioki Kazuhito , Yamada Megumi , Sasaki Hideaki , Morisaki Daiki , Kunishima Munetaka 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A simple and mild method for the direct conversion of carboxylic acids to primary amides has been developed by using 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMT-MM). The reaction proceeds by adding DMT-MM to a mixture of carboxylic acids and an ammonia source in methanol, 2-propanol, or THF without any additives. The present method is quite practical in that aqueous ammonia or ammonium chloride/triethylamine can be used as an ammonia source. Methanol or 2-propanol is an ideal polar solvent because it is inexpensive, can be removed by rotary evaporator, and solubilizes many kinds of polar or nonpolar compounds.
Fluoride-ion-mediated Hydrolysis of Phosphoric Acid Esters, Amides, and Phosphorous Acid Esters Leading to Phosphorofluoridic, Phosphoramide Fluoridic, and Phosphonic Acid Monoester Salts
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Takenaka Tohru , Inaji Shinsuke , Tonomura Yusuke 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Fluoride-ion-promoted hydrolysis of phosphoric acid esters and amides to give phosphorofluoridic and phosphoramide fluoridic acid monoester salts takes place upon treatment with a THF solution of TBAF, whereas a similar treatment of phosphorous acid esters generates phosphonic acid monoester salts selectively without introduction of fluorine.
Dynamic Behavior of a Fluorescent Probe, a Swallow-tailed Perylene Derivative for Detecting Hydroperoxides
Authors: Ito Fuyuki , Ariyoshi Tomoyuki , Soh Nobuaki , Kakiuchi Toshifumi , Inoue Tatsuaki , Imato Toshihiko , Nagamura Toshihiko 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Dynamic behavior of a fluorescent probe, a swallow-tailed perylene derivative (Spy-Hp) for detecting hydroperoxides was studied by fluorescence lifetime and transient absorption measurements. The MO calculations suggest the intramolecular charge transfer for Spy-Hp. The excited state lifetime of Spy-Hp is shorter than that of the oxidized form, which was caused by intramolecular fluorescence quenching. These results elucidate the mechanism of Spy-Hp for detecting hydroperoxides in biosamples.
Michael Addition of Active Methylene Compounds to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds under the Influence of Molecular Sieves in Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Kakinuma Tomoko , Chiba Ryoichi , Oriyama Takeshi 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The Michael addition of active methylene compounds to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of MS 4A in dimethyl sulfoxide proceeds smoothly to afford the corresponding 1,4-addition products in good to high yields.
Morphological Modulation of Self-assembled Peptide by Aggregation-induced α-Helix/β-Sheet Transition
Authors: Tanaka Masayoshi , Ogura Kempei , Abiko Souhei , Koshikawa Naokiyo , Kinoshita Takatoshi 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-appended peptide with a binary sequence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids with 16 residues gave grain-like aggregate in aqueous solution. The peptide segment in the aggregate adopted β-sheet structure, while the peptide itself originally adopted α-helix structure. In the hydrophobic domain constructed by peptide segment, hydrogen bonding rearranged to give secondary structural transition. The α-helix/β-sheet transition simultaneously gave morphological transition from a grain-like state to a fibrous object.
Low-temperature Hydrogen-selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx on Pt/Sulfated-ZrO2 Catalysts under Excess Oxygen Conditions
Authors: Saito Makoto , Itoh Masahiro , Iwamoto Jun , Machida Ken-ichi 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Platinum catalysts supported on sulfated zirconia powders highly promote the hydrogen-selective catalytic reduction (H2-SCR) of NOx at 100 °C with formation of ammonia intermediate species derived from protons of the sulfonate groups fixed as superacid sites on the surface, which are detected by in situ DRIFTs measurements.
Density Functional Theoretical Study on the pKa Values of Bipyridines
Authors: Joo Sang Woo , Jang Yun Hee , Hwang Sungu 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The pKa values of bipyridines in aqueous solution were calculated using a density functional theoretical method in combination with the Poisson–Boltzmann continuum solvation model. Calculated pKa values correlates well with experimental results.
A Highly Stereoselective Knoevenagel Reaction of N-Tosylimines with Active Methylene Compounds in DMSO
Authors: Chiba Ryoichi , Oriyama Takeshi 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
In the presence of molecular sieves (MS) 4A in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a highly stereoselective Knoevenagel reaction of various N-tosylimines with active methylene compounds proceeded smoothly, producing the corresponding Knoevenagel products in high to excellent yields.
Cyclopropanation Reactions for the Synthesis of 2-Azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane Derivatives with Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Suárez del Villar Irene , Gradillas Ana , Gómez-Ovalles Angel , Martínez-Murillo Ricardo , Martínez Alfredo , Pérez-Castells Javier 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Synthesis of new bicyclic structures containing cyclopropanes, related to selective iNOS inhibitor ONO-1714, is described. We have evaluated the effect of the compounds obtained on the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages and on in vitro iNOS activity assays.
Sulfur-bridged Oligo(benzoic acid)s as a Novel Family of Metal Extractants
Authors: Morohashi Naoya , Nagata Kazutoshi , Tanaka Shinya , Ohba Yoshihiro , Hattori Tetsutaro 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Sulfur-bridged phenol dimer and tetramer were converted into corresponding oligo(benzoic acid)s, which have high complexation ability toward lanthanide ions as revealed by solvent extraction study.
Anti-ferroelectric Banana Phase in a Bent-shaped Molecule with a Low Bend Angle of 60°
Authors: Lee Seng Kue , Shi Lu , Ishige Ryohei , Kang Sungmin , Tokita Masatoshi , Watanabe Junji 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
This paper presents the first example of an antiferroelectric banana phase in a bent molecule with a low bend angle of about 60°.