bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
МАСТЕР-ПЛАНЫ ОПОРНЫХ ГОРОДОВ АРКТИКИ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ НА АРКТИЧЕСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ
Authors: БАЛАШОВ Д.В. 
Published: February 2025

На протяжении 2024 года проводилась активная работа по внедрению института мастер-пла- нирования в градостроительную деятельность. Разработаны и утверждены мастер-планы развития городов Дальневосточного федерального округа, на завершающих стадиях подготовки мастер-планы опорных городов Арктики, понятие мастер-плана предложено закрепить в законодательстве. В статье приводятся ключевые эта- пы современного мастер-планирования, проводится анализ термина «мастер-план», подчеркивается необходи- мость учитывать при его разработке аспекты земельных правоотношений. Статья посвящается памяти Е.Г. Багреевой, доктора юридических наук, профессора, ведущего научного сотрудника Управления планирования и организации научных исследований Государственного университета по землеустройству, члена Редакционного совета журнала «Евразийская адвокатура».
Throughout 2024, active work was carried out to introduce the institute of master planning into urban planning activities. Master plans for the development of cities in the Far Eastern Federal District have been developed and approved, master plans for the key cities of the Arctic are at the final stages of preparation, and the concept of a master plan is proposed to be enshrined in legislation. The article presents the key stages of modern master planning, analyses the concept of a Master plan, and emphasizes the need to take into account aspects of land legal relations during it developing. The article is dedicated to the memory of E.G. Bagreeva, Doctor of Law, Professor, leading researcher at the Department of Planning and Organization of Scientific Research at the State University of Land Management, member of the Editorial Board of the «Eurasian Advocacy» journal.
СИСТЕМООБРАЗУЮЩИЕ КАТЕГОРИИ ВАЛЮТНОГО ПРАВА
Authors: АХМЕДОВ А.Д. , НИГМАТУЛЛИН И.Р. , ЗАРИПОВ Ш.Р. 
Published: February 2025

В настоящей статье рассматривается валютное право как комплексная отрасль российского законодательства, регулирующая общественные отношения в области валютных операций и контроля. Основ- ное внимание уделяется ключевым категориям валютного права: валюта, валютные ценности, резиденты и нерезиденты, а также органы и агенты валютного контроля. Валюта представлена как системообразующий элемент, определяющий структуру валютного права, а её правовое регулирование – как необходимое усло- вие эффективного функционирования валютных отношений. Валютные ценности рассматриваются как объект правового регулирования, требующий чёткого законодательного определения для обеспечения стабильности валютных операций. Категории резидентов и нерезидентов позволяют определять правовой статус субъектов валютных отношений, что важно для валютного контроля. Органы и агенты валютного контроля выполняют ключевые функции по обеспечению соблюдения валютного законодательства. Статья подчёркивает необхо- димость развития валютного права для обеспечения финансовой безопасности и устойчивого экономического развития в условиях глобализации.
This article examines currency law as a complex branch of Russian legislation regulating public relations in the field of currency transactions and control. The main focus is on the key categories of currency law: currency, currency values, residents and non-residents, as well as currency control authorities and agents. Currency is presented as a system—forming element that defines the structure of currency law, and its legal regulation is a necessary condition for the effective functioning of currency relations. Currency values are considered as an object of legal regulation that requires a clear legislative definition to ensure the stability of currency transactions. The categories of residents and non-residents make it possible to differentiate the legal status of subjects of currency relations, which is important for currency control. Currency control authorities and agents perform key functions to ensure compliance with currency legislation. The article highlights the need to develop currency law to ensure financial security and sustainable economic development in the context of globalization.
ДМИТРИЙ ТАЛАНТОВ И «ИНИЦИАТИВА 2018»: АДВОКАТЫ И ЮРИСТЫ ЗА ДЕМОКРАТИЮ И ВЕРХОВЕНСТВО ПРАВА
Authors: РАГУЛИН А.В. 
Published: February 2025

Работа посвящена адвокату Дмитрию Талантову и деятельности Межрегиональной обществен- ной организации адвокатов и юристов «Инициатива 2018». Подробно освещаются ключевые аспекты работы «Инициативы 2018», направленной на защиту независимости адвокатуры, верховенства закона и прав человека в России, проведенной в 2018–2024 годах. Описываются важнейшие инициативы, реализуемые Дмитрием Та- лантовым и его соратниками, включая реформирование адвокатской деятельности, защиту прав адвокатов от преследований, борьбу за демократические принципы в адвокатуре, прозрачность и подотчетность органов корпоративного управления адвокатурой. Особое внимание уделяется роли Дмитрия Талантова как лидера, продвигающего идеи демократии, свободы выражения мнений, справедливости, а также его противоправному уголовному преследованию. Статья публикуется на русском и английском языке.
The work is devoted to lawyer Dmitry Talantov and activities of the Interregional Public Organization of Lawyers and Jurists «Initiative 2018». The key aspects of «Initiative 2018»'s advocacy work aimed at protecting the independence of the legal profession, the rule of law and human rights in Russia, carried out in 2018-2024, are covered in detail. The most important initiatives implemented by Dmitry Talantov and his associates are described, including reforming the legal profession, protecting lawyers' rights from persecution, fighting for democratic principles in the legal profession, and transparency and accountability of the legal profession corporate governance bodies. Special attention is paid to Dmitry Talantov's role as a leader promoting the ideas of democracy, freedom of expression, justice, as well as his wrongful criminal prosecution. The article is published in Russian and English.
Pasientjournalen formet under flere hensyn: en tekstanalyse av journaler fra psykisk helsevern
Authors: Flata Hilde , Oddli Hanne Weie , Aaslestad Petter 
Published: February 2025

Sammendrag
Bakgrunn: Pasienter i psykisk helsevern kan lese sin egen journal via nettportal. Dette gir helsepersonell nye utfordringer i journalskrivingen, viser forskning basert på intervjuer og spørreundersøkelser. Vår studie undersøkte hva som kjennetegner journalen som sjanger i poliklinisk oppstartfase. Formålet var å formulere begreper som kan øke bevisstheten om journalsjangeren og fremme refleksjon om ulike måter å føre journal på. Metode: En tverrfaglig forskergruppe analyserte tekst fra seks journaler fra de tre første månedene etter behandlingsstart i poliklinisk psykisk helsevern. Resultater: Analysen resulterte i fire hovedkategorier: 1) fagautoritet i teksten, 2) pasientperspektiv i teksten, 3) standardisert tekst og 4) usammenhengende tekst. Underkategorier nyanserte funnene. Implikasjoner: Vi brukte resultatene til å overveie hvordan journalføring kan fremme samarbeid i behandlingsrelasjonen: Skriver vil kunne utvikle sitt repertoar i retning av endringsorienterte journalnotater ved å skrive fram fagautoritet fra mer funksjons- og deltakerorienterte perspektiver, bruke et mer erfaringsnært språk og individualisere standardisert tekst for å redusere tekstfragmentering. Slik kan journalen balansere pasientmedvirkning og en tydelig situasjonsforankret faglig vurdering.
Nøkkelord: pasientjournalen, psykisk helsevern, pasientjournalsjangeren, tekstanalyse, digitalt journalinnsyn
American and Canadian Great War Nurse Writers: A Difference of Perspective?
Authors: Hebb Ross N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The accounts of World War I nursing experiences range from the nurses’ letters home, to histories penned by the nurses, to their semi-fictionalized short stories. This article examines and contrasts the short stories of two well-known American authors, Mary Borden and Ellen La Motte, with the writings of two Canadian nurses, Agnes Warner and Mabel Clint. Its purpose is to explore the reasons for the variance in emphasis and perspective. Both Warner’s letters home as well as Clint’s later history provide many points of contrast to the two American writers. Borden and La Motte’s short stories helped define the contemporary conception of the Great War as a futile and senseless waste of human life. Warner’s contemporary letters from the same hospital, while acknowledging the horror, do not share that sense of pointlessness and futility. Similarly, Clint’s history places the Canadian nurses’ experience squarely within what she saw as her nation’s legitimate war effort.
Preliminary Investigation of AI Adoption among Healthcare Practitioners in Pakistan
Authors: Habib Samrat , Khan Zafar Ullah , Nawaz Ali , Salman Rao , Saeed Umer , Saeed Saman , Habib Taha 
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is progressively revolutionizing healthcare systems globally, delivering innovative solutions for diagnosis, treatment, and operational efficiency. However, its acceptance among healthcare providers in Pakistan remains unexplored. Objectives: To explore the trends of artificial intelligence on healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Pakistan and to focus on variations across medical specialities, professional experiences, and work environments. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to July 2024, using Google Surveys to collect data from 321 healthcare professionals across various medical specialties in Pakistan. Structured questionnaires were distributed electronically, and the responses were analyzed using Chi-Square tests to determine associations between AI knowledge, attitudes, and professional characteristics. Results: Results obtained indicated varying levels of AI awareness and practice, with notable disparities across different specialties and experience levels. Younger professionals with less experience considerably accepted AI technologies, whereas relatively more experienced professionals exhibited increasing reluctance to adopt AI technology in their professions. Positive attitudes toward AI were more prevalent in academic and tertiary care settings compared to primary care environments and medical teaching. Conclusions: This study concludes that there is a crucial knowledge gap and poor AI adoption among Pakistan's healthcare practitioners, which is compounded by insufficient training and technological constraints. Addressing these challenges is critical for attaining AI's potential in improving healthcare outcomes.
On Josephus’ Use of Nicolaus of Damascus: A Stylometric Analysis of BJ 1.225-273 and AJ 14.280-369
Authors: Williams David S. 
Published: February 2025

In 1989/90 in this journal (SCI 10: 120-129), D. R. Schwartz offered a theory concerning Josephus’ use of Nicolaus of Damascus as a source for the parallel narratives, BJ 1.225-273 and AJ 14.280-369. Schwartz maintained that in the former passage Jose­phus deviates from Nicolaus but in the latter more or less faithfully reproduces Nicolaus. The present paper evaluates Schwartz’s theory, using stylometry—the numerical study of literary style. The stylometric evidence examined in this paper—analysis of marker words that characterize the differing styles of Josephus and Nicolaus--offers general support for Schwartz’s position: AJ 14.280-369 seems to stand closer to Nicolaus' style than does BJ1.225-273. There is no stylometric evidence, however, that AJ 14.280-369 was copied more or less directly from Nicolaus. Rather, given the evidence of the marker groups, extensive rewriting apparently took place to the level of skeletal sentence structure. This result coheres with previous evidence that Josephus’ practice was to rewrite or rework his sources, not to simply copy them.
Length of the Siege of Masada
Authors: Roth Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

The siege of Masada is generally thought to have been long and arduous. The logistical difficulties, however, would have impelled the Romans to capture the fortress as quickly as possible, and the small number of Jewish defenders could not have slowed them down significantly. Thus, the siege lasted only as long as it took to build the siege ramp, which was built over a natural spur. Reference to historical and experimental construction rates suggest it would have taken between four and seven weeks. This fits in with a siege beginning around March 1st and ending in the middle of April.
Drama and History in Josephus’ Bellum Judaicum
Authors: Ullmann Lisa , Price Jonathan J. 
Published: February 2025

The authors examine the dramatic technique, language and structure of Josephus’ narrative of the fatal intrigues in Herod’s court in the Bellum Judaicum, particularly in one episode involving the foreigner Eurycles which functions as a kind of self-contained act within the larger drama. It is suggested that Josephus’ use of the words ὑποκρίνεσθαι/ ὑποκριτὴς/ ὑπόκρισις in the whole Herodian drama, but particularly in the Eurycles episode, to mean ‘act’ as well as ‘deceive’, reflects recent developments in those words arising from changes in theatrical tastes and histrionic techniques of the time. The dramatic structure and language of the Herodian domestic narrative involved creative choices so far-reaching that they could only have been the product of Josephus’ own artistic decisions and control over the material; his notorious ‘assistants’ are thus pushed to the periphery.
provincia di Iudaea in un inedito cursus senatorio di Roma
Authors: Gregori Gian Luca 
Published: February 2025

An unpublished fragment of an inscription from Rome, stored in the church of St. Saba on the Aventine, preserves the remains of the onomastic and the career of a senator who served as governor of Judaea. By comparing the little information that can be derived from our fragment (the man was a pontifex and in all likelihood reached the consulate) with that of senators known to have served as governors of Judaea, the Author suggest identifying the honorand with the senator from Pergamon Caius Iulius Quadratus Bassus, whose career unfolded under Trajan, and who distinguished himself during the second Dacian War, for which he received the ornamenta triumphalia in 107. Another fragment, reused in the pavement of the same church of S. Saba (CIL VI 31781, today lost) and containing the last part of a dedication to an unknown senator who likewise attained the ornamenta triumphalia, may well be part of the same inscription to which our fragment belonged. Finally, although the exact provenance of our fragment, like that of CIL VI 31781, is unknown, we can suppose that the home of the senator was located on the Aventine.
New Aramaic Dedicatory Inscription from Israel
Authors: Yardeni Ada , Price Jonathan J. 
Published: February 2025

The authors publish a fragmentary Aramaic dedicatory inscription, probably from the region of Jericho, notable for the unusual title, resh ẓibbura, “leader of the community”. All aspects of the inscription are analyzed, including syntax and palaeography. The text can be translated as follows: ‘… which Zyyg, the son of Mari, the Head of the Community of … (Jericho? Ariach? Diran? ‘our dwelling’?), had built, and [i.e., together with] Shalti and Rabbi and his wife.’
Patterns of Death in the Aeneid
Authors: Fulkerson Laurel 
Published: February 2025

In the attempt to consider the end of the Aeneid from a different perspective, this article explores a number of its paired death-scenes: those of Lausus and Pallas, and of Mezentius and Turnus in particular, within the context of the epic as a whole. The majority of the warriors who die young prompt some reflection, on the part of a character or the narrator, about the unfortunate nature of war. But the death of Turnus does not, and nor does the death of Mezentius. Other patterns, however, prevent the easy equation of the two men; Mezentius is impious, but perhaps redeemed, but the moral state of Turnus is left unclear. So too, the death of Turnus bears similarities to that of Camilla, to Lausus and Pallas, and to Dido, insofar as he is young and the poem always finds the death of young people regrettable. The end of the poem, therefore, is deliberately ambiguous, illustrating some of the regrettable necessities of war.
Observing the Sabbath in the Roman Empire: a Case Study
Authors: Clarysse Willy , Remijsen Sophie , Depauw Mark 
Published: February 2025

This study of the tax receipts of a small Jewish community in the Egyptian town Edfu shows that it was not always possible to observe the Sabbath strictly when confronted with the governmental power of the Roman Empire, despite the indications of tolerance found in Philo or Josephus. By calculating the weekdays for all the tax receipts of this community, we show that the Jews from Edfu did pay taxes on the Sabbath, to tax collectors from outside their community. When they could collect the taxes themselves, however, which they did in case of the Jewish tax, they took care to observe their own religious practices.
Diplom für die Truppen Judäas aus dem Jahr 87 und die Frage nach der Gleichförmigkeit römischer Militäradministration
Authors: Eck Werner , Pangerl Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Für die Provinz Judäa sind in domitianischer Zeit recht viele Militärdiplome bekannt, die auf verschiedene Konstitutionen zurückgehen, gleiches gilt auch für die benachbarte Provinz Syria. Manche der Einheiten in Judäa, aus denen die Diplomempfänger stammen, standen wohl bis zum Jahr 70 in Syrien, als Judäa unabhängige Provinz wurde. In den Diplomen lässt sich beobachten, dass die Militäradministration bei der Frage, wann die Soldaten das römische Bürgerrecht erhielten, unterschiedlich handelten. Während in Syrien die Formel 25 Jahre Militärdienst oder mehr (quinis et vicenis pluribusve stipendis emeritis) verwendet wurde, steht in den Diplomen Judäas nur 25 Jahre Militärdienst (quinis et vicenis stipendis emeritis). In Syrien dienten also Soldaten oft mehr als die nötigen 25 Jahre, in Judäa aber nur exakt 25 Jahre. Der Grund für diese unterschiedliche Regelung ist nicht erkennbar, doch ist es bemerkenswert, dass in der Militäradministration solche Unterschiede möglich waren.

Quite a few military diplomas are known for the province of Judea in the Domitian period, originating from various constitutions; the same is true for the neighboring province of Syria. Some of the units in Judea from which the diploma recipients originated were probably in Syria until the year 70, when Judea became an independent province. It can be observed in the diplomas that the military administration acted differently on the question of when soldiers received Roman citizenship. While in Syria the formula 25 years of military service or more (quinis et vicenis pluribusve stipendis emeritis) was used, the Judean diplomas state only 25 years of military service (quinis et vicenis stipendis emeritis). Thus, in Syria soldiers often served more than the required 25 years, but in Judea they served only exactly 25 years. The reason for these different regulations is not apparent, but it is remarkable that such differences were possible in the military administration.
The Tyrian Annals and Ancient Greek Chronography
Authors: Kokkinos Nikos 
Published: February 2025

The value of the ‘Tyrian Annals’, the fragments of which are preserved primarily in Josephus, has often been doubted. However, an examination of literary evidence from Thales of Miletus to Timaeus of Tauromenium shows that the Greeks were well aware of Phoenician ancient records. One Hieronymus, in the 3rd century BC, followed by Menander of Ephesus, in the 2nd century BC, officially translated the ‘Tyrian Annals’ into Greek. The core of the original archive was a king-list (stating names, ages and reign lengths), covering the 10th to 6th centuries BC, annotated with brief historical notices relating the major acts performed by the kings. The list will have been composed working from local archives in the early Persian period. Surviving fragments concern three ‘floating’ segments which can be pegged in time and augmented by Assyrian and Babylonian synchronisms. The first begins with Hiram I, from 955/4 BC, with the third ending with Hiram III in 533/2 BC. The use of the ‘Tyrian Annals’ by Timaeus explains his extraordinary knowledge in providing a late 9th century date for the founding of Carthage (against the then current opinion placing it centuries earlier), close to the historical date of 808/7 BC that can now be calculated from the Annals. Timaeus’ bold move changed the entire perspective of ancient Greek chronography, radically shifting the focus from a vague heroic past into a decidedly realistic historical context. His move took the foundation of Rome along, with serious repercussions for the way the origins of this city had previously been perceived. The ‘Tyrian Annals’ also had included the date for the fall of Troy, firmly placed in the 10th century BC. Many Greek chronographers found this difficult to swallow in their political desire to claim a higher antiquity for their own cultural past.
Alexander's Friends in the Alexander Romance
Authors: Jouanno Corinne 
Published: February 2025

In most of the Greco-Roman historical writings about Alexander an important place is given to the question of Alexander’s friends, either to enhance his generosity, confidence, fidelity towards them, or to denounce his cruelty against his closest companions. Several reasons contribute to the interest of ancient writers to such a question : an institutional one (role of the hetairoi in the Macedonian monarchy) ; a mythical one (influence of the epic motif of heroic friendship, and of the exemplary pair formed by Achilles and Patroclus) ; a social reason (high rank occupied by friendship in the moral values of Antiquity, and particularly in ancient political thought, with special emphasis put upon the distinction between friends and flatterers, and upon the aptitude for friendship as a dividing line between king and tyrant). The aim of the present paper is to explore the use of this friendship motif in the Alexander Romance, a largely fictional biography of the Macedonian conqueror, of a rather encomiastic kind. The dealing of the motif is studied in the successive rewritings of the Romance, especially in the original alpha recension (3rd c. AD ?) and in the christianized epsilon recension (8th-9th c.). In the alpha recension, the investigation focuses upon the choices made by the redactor among the material inherited from the historical tradition (censorship of inconvenient elements, amplification of positive ones). In the very innovative epsilon recension, the treatment of the friendship motif has been profoundly transformed, and much amplified. The many friends who surrounded Alexander in the former recensions and were sometimes very elusive figures have been replaced by a reduced team of four close friends, avatars of the four successors of Alexander alluded to in the Book of Daniel. The influence of the Bible may also explain the invention of Charmides, a new fictional character, whose friendship with Alexander is reminiscent of that of Jonathan with David. Such a similitude between the protagonist of the Romance and the Biblical king, mythical model of all the Byzantine emperors, was well fit to favour the transformation of Alexander’s story into a mirror of princes.