bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of pharmacological modifications of fatty acid metabolism on human satiety
Authors: Gatta Blandine , Zuberbuehler Christine , Arnold Myrtha , Aubert Roberte , Langhans Wolfgang , Chapelot Didier 
Published: December 2008

The role of NEFA in eating behaviour is still poorly known. Our objective was to examine whether etomoxir (ETO), an inhibitor of NEFA oxidation, or ( − )-hydroxycitrate (HCA), an inhibitor of lipogenesis which may indirectly stimulate NEFA oxidation, alters satiety. Post-lunch satiety was measured in eight normal-weight male subjects who were deprived of time cues and received on three occasions either ETO (320 mg), HCA (2 g) or placebo (PLA) in random order. Between lunch and dinner, blood was withdrawn continuously and collected every 10 min for measures of plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, lactate, TAG, NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), leptin and ghrelin. Results showed that HCA began to decrease hunger and desire to eat compared to PLA and ETO 210 min after lunch and increased satiety duration compared to PLA by 70 (se23) min (P < 0·05), but did not modify energy intake at dinner. ETO did not affect any variable of satiety. HCA increased NEFA concentrations during the pre-dinner period, whereas ETO increased and decreased plasma concentrations of NEFA and BHB, respectively. Mean differences in plasma NEFA concentrations between HCA and PLA were predictive of the differences in satiety duration between treatments (r20·71,P < 0·01). Among treatments, plasma leptin concentration at dinner onset was the only blood variable correlated with energy intake at this meal (r− 0·75,P < 0·0005). In healthy, normal-weight men, acute HCA increased the intensity and duration of satiety possibly via increased NEFA disposal for oxidation.
Folate contents in human milk and casein-based and soya-based formulas, and folate status in Korean infants
Authors: Han Young-Hee , Yon Miyong , Han Heon-Seok , Kim Kwang-Yup , Tamura Tsunenobu , Hyun Taisun H. 
Published: December 2008

We assessed folate nutritional status from birth to 12 months in fifty-one infants who were fed human milk (HM;n20), casein-based formula (CBF;n12) or soya-based formula (SBF;n19). Folate contents in ninety-five HM samples obtained from twenty mothers for the first 6-month period and twelve CBF and nineteen SBF samples were measured by bioassay after trienzyme extraction. Folate intake was estimated by weighing infants before and after feeding in the HM group and by collecting formula intake records in the formula-fed groups. After solid foods were introduced, all foods consumed were included to estimate folate intake. Serum folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations were determined at 5 and 12 months of age, and infant growth was monitored for the first 12 months. Mean HM folate contents ranged from 201 to 365 nmol/l with an overall mean of 291 nmol/l, and the contents peaked at 2 months postpartum. HM folate contents were higher than those reported in North America. Folate contents in CBF and SBF were markedly higher than those in HM and those claimed on the product labels. The overall folate intakes in formula-fed infants were significantly higher than those in HM-fed infants, and this was associated with significantly higher folate and lower tHcy in formula-fed infants than HM-fed infants at 5 months. At 12 months, serum folate was significantly higher in the SBF group than the other groups, whereas serum tHcy and overall growth were similar among all groups.
Ultramontanism, Liberalism, Moderation: Political Mentalities and Political Behavior of the German CatholicBürgertum, 1848–1914
Authors: Thomas Mergel 
Published: December 2008

In1912 the Catholic lawyer, real estate speculator, and Center Party politician, Karl Trimborn wrote to his wife about a visit he had made to their Belgian relatives:Their Catholicism, this demonstrative insistence on the Catholic point of view, this goingthrough thick and thin while excluding all criticism is not sympathetic to me. It encourages me to contradict them and to demonstrate my liberal point of view … In no way did we have an argument, but as we said good-bye, we knew: we are different people.
GK–DIMENSION OF ALGEBRAS WITH MANY GENERIC RELATIONS
Authors: SMOKTUNOWICZ AGATA 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe prove some results on algebras, satisfying many generic relations. As an application we show that there are Golod–Shafarevich algebras which cannot be homomorphically mapped onto infinite dimensional algebras with finite Gelfand–Kirillov dimension. This answers a question of Zelmanov (Some open problems in the theory of infinite dimensional algebras, J. Korean Math. Soc. 44(5) 2007, 1185–1195).
“Emergent Noir”: Film Noir and the Great Depression in High Sierra (1941) and This Gun for Hire (1942)
Authors: DINERSTEIN JOEL 
Published: December 2008

This article theorizes a new periodization for film noir through a prewar category of “emergent noir”: seven films released between 1940 and 1942 – including The Maltese Falcon and Citizen Kane – that defined the genre's thematics, aesthetics, visual style, and moral ambiguity. Using archival research and trauma theory, the article analyzes High Sierra and This Gun for Hire as case studies of “failure narratives”: each film resonated with American audiences by validating the recent suffering of the Great Depression, allowing for a vicarious sense of revenge, and creating new ideals of individuality and masculinity. Both films were surprise box-office hits and created new film icons for the 1940s: Humphrey Bogart, Alan Ladd, and Veronica Lake. All three were embodiments of “cool,” a concept herein theorized as a public mask of stoicism.
Global Trauma at Home: Technology, Modernity, Deliverance
Authors: NARINE ANIL 
Published: December 2008

This paper hermeneutically examines the relationship between technology, masculinity, and modernity in John Boorman's film Deliverance (1972). It finds that the suburbanites who are victimized in Appalachia do not regress to a primal, premodern state but rely on their modern values to justify killing their assailants. The men's violence allegorizes the institutionalized violence of the power company that is damming the Cahulawassee River to power their suburban technological comforts. Hermeneutic analysis and critical theories of technology are combined to examine how each man reassesses his life, as one of modernity's beneficiaries, after encountering the displaced mountain people – modernity's others.
Obscenity, Free Speech, and “Sporting News” in 1870s America
Authors: FRISKEN AMANDA 
Published: December 2008

The interventions of anti-vice crusader Anthony Comstock into 1870s popular illustrations created some surprising – and largely unintended – consequences. Not only did the man who defined modern American censorship goad into existence the radical free speech movement, but his manipulations of 1870s visual culture also heightened racial stereotyping in public print. His behind-the-scenes negotiations led illustrated newspaper editors to erase white sexuality, which they replaced with stories of interracial rape of white women by black men. In fostering both the rise of the free press movement and the selective racialization of visual culture, Comstock left an indelible mark on modern representation.
Obesity and inflammation: the effects of weight loss
Authors: Forsythe L. Kirsty , Wallace Julie M. W. , Livingstone M. Barbara E. 
Published: December 2008

Following the discovery of TNF-α and leptin as secretory products of adipocytes in the early 1990s, subsequent obesity research focused on the new functional role of adipose tissue, as an active endocrine organ. Many more inflammatory peptides have been linked to adiposity, which ultimately characterised obesity as a state of low-grade systemic inflammation, or ‘metaflammation’ which may link obesity to its co-morbidities. The aim of the present review is to examine the effects of weight loss on inflammation in overweight and obese, but otherwise healthy, populations. Studies were broadly classified into four types (diet, physical activity, diet and physical activity combined, and surgical interventions) and discussed according to the method used to induce weight loss. All studies measured at least one obesity-related inflammatory marker (ORIM). The overall finding from the present review is that weight loss does improve inflammation in terms of both the inflammatory (C-reactive protein, TNF-α, IL-6 and leptin) and anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) ORIM. Within this, the greatest improvements in ORIM are observed in studies achieving a weight loss of at least 10 %. However, a number of methodological issues have been identified as potential limitations within the literature including the sex and age of subjects, sample size, study duration and the assessment of body composition. In conclusion, although a period of weight lossper seis capable of reversing the unfavourable inflammatory profile evident in the obese state, further studies are required to determine the time needed, in which a reduced weight is maintained, in order to benefit from improved inflammatory status long term.
On the politics of CALL
Authors: Chesters Graham 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper argues that CALL practitioners need to remain constantly aware of the political context in which they operate, so that they can the better exploit opportunities to win funding, gain status for their activities and generally succeed more often in the prime aim of enhancing the practice of language learning. It seeks to situate EUROCALL's own activity as an organisation at an important point of convergence in the global context. It concludes with some quasi political advice both for individuals and for the organisation as a whole.
Why change authors into programmers?
Authors: Bangs Paul , Shield Lesley 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExperience in developing multimedia programs has found that reliance on commercial developers does not always produce suitable material in terms of pedagogic quality, whereas training content writers as programmers is costly. This paper examines attempts to solve this and illustrates important recent initiatives. The Open University is developing flexible activity-type shells which are content independent. This is matched by an object-oriented approach to the program itself for maximum re-usability. The MALTED project addresses the problem by providing sophisticated authoring tools, but also sets up an asset base to make available re-usable language resources, helping to avoid re-invention of too many wheels.
Installing a multimedia laboratory: Some lessons to be learned
Authors: Smith Mike 
Published: December 2008

The Horwood Language Centre at the University of Melbourne has recently installed a large Macintosh multimedia laboratory, dedicated to the learning of languages. This has proved an enormously popular facility, both for teachers and students. After only four months of operation, booking requests by teachers for the second semester of 1993 have exceeded capacity by one and a half times; students often queue to use the machines when the laboratory is open for self access.When the Language Centre began assembling the original submission to the University for funding for the laboratory, Centre staff were still relatively inexperienced in the design and installation of CALL laboratories, and the decision was taken to make extensive use of experts in FT and multimedia presentation within Melbourne University. However, despite this expert assistance, a number of unexpected problems presented themselves, some of which were potentially disastrous to the project.As a result, the Language Centre has learned a number of valuable lessons about CALL laboratory design. This paper presents some of the more important of these lessons, in the hope that they will be of assistance to any other institutions who may be contemplating the installation of a CALL laboratory in the near future.
Three visits to Montevidisco: Spanish enrichment with interactive videodisc
Authors: Bush Charles D 
Published: December 2008

Montevidisco is an interactive videodisc application intended for intermediate Spanish students. It combines language enrichment with elements of role-playing games as the student plays the role of someone visiting a hypothetical city in Mexico, interacting with native Spanish speakers in native situations via videodisc. The concept originated at Brigham Young University in the early eighties, with the video filming done at that time. More recently, the BYU Humanities Research Center has adapted the original material to run on standard microcomputer platforms.There are three implementations of Montevidisco in various stages of development. The first is a side-by-side version that uses a HyperCard stack on a Macintosh to control a separate videodisc player and monitor. The second version uses a video overlay configuration with ToolBook and Windows on an IBM platform. Both of these versions are 'finished' to the extent that they are being used in intermediate Spanish classes at BYU and elsewhere. General marketing arrangements are expected to be finalized this summer. The most recent implementation uses QuickTime on a Macintosh to display digitized video directly from the computer's hard disk.This paper begins with an explanation of the general features of Montevidisco that are common to all three implementations. It outlines some of the design considerations faced and explains how the choice of metaphor influenced those decisions. Some questions that have been raised during the testing and review process are also addressed. The paper then categorizes the significant differences between the three implementations and discusses the technological and pedagogical reasons for them. It concludes with a status report on the QuickTime version and gives an assessment of this new digital video technology in an instructional environment.
MetaText: developing a translation tool
Authors: Gillespie John H , Murray Roger 
Published: December 2008

The article outlines the context of CALL development at the University of Ulster, and explains the basic concept of the Meta-Text program as an interactive notebook/workstation which is used for the teaching and learning of translation skills, but which may be linked to other exercises.It gives an account of its various prototypes as it has developed over the last five years. Extensive details of the formal evaluation of prototype 3 (version 2.1) are included. A description of the functionality of the most recent version (3.0) is given and the planned future enhancements of the program are outlined.On the basis of this incremental development, a set of software design principles are adduced, with particular emphasis being placed on the interaction of developers and users in that process. An assessment of the program is given, based on its formal and informal evaluation thus far. It is felt that the program gives instruction in key intellectual skills and, through its interactive and creative functionality, encourages the kind of judgement essential for specialist linguists. Its encouragement of the consultation of data and its capacity to accumulate linguistic material are also felt to be significant, as is its flexibility of use with different types of student. Although basically a selfstudy tool, it has considerable potential for various forms of tutorial use.It is anticipated that further development and evaluation will bring to light other valuable uses for the program.
Formes Cachées: a computer game with a French natural language interface
Authors: Ward Robert 
Published: December 2008

Formes Cachées is a visuo-spatial puzzle in the form of a computer game. Users participate in the game by means of a natural language interface through which they ask questions and give instructions. Solving the puzzle therefore involves using language in a purposeful way as a tool rather than as subject matter. This article describes a French version of the game. In its current form the game would be mainly of novelty value in foreign language teaching, but its techniques could be used in creating software to cover a more extensive range of language.The software, which runs under Microsoft Windows in 800 x 600 SVGA, may be downloaded from the CT1 Modern Languages World Wide Web server, http://www.hull.ac.uk/cti/software.htm
The language learner and the software designer
Authors: Myles Susan , Davies Graham 
Published: December 2008

When Susan presented this paper at EUROCALL 97 she was extremely ill. As Susan's PhD supervisor, I knew only too well what she was going through when she mounted the rostrum and nervously organised her notes, but I could not have imagined that in two short months her life would come to an end. Such was Susan's courage in her struggle against cancer that she gave few outward indications of her suffering and only looked to the future, continuing to teach, to research and to give her attention to her home and family.My last conversation with Susan centred on this paper and the trials she was about to conduct with her students in the new academic year. The paper is published here with the minimum of editing. It stands as a tribute to Susan's research but represents only a short summary of the vast amount of data that she had collected so meticulously, and it only hints at the interesting findings that were beginning to emerge. It is likely, however, that the mass of notes that Susan has left behind will yield further results.Susan is greatly missed by her colleagues and students at Middlesex University and by all her friends and family.
The Obesity Epidemic: What does it mean to the PeriAnesthesia Practitioner?
Authors: Menard Kathleen J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlexander and Liston coined the term ‘Obesogenic society – where people are addicted to fast foods and supermarkets and a sedentary lifestyle promoted by television and cars’ [Alexander and Liston, 2006, p. 1167]. It is an undeniable fact that the United States has an overweight and obesity problem, the prevalence has doubled since 1960, the latest statistics from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report obesity (body mass index (BMI)⩾30) in adult men (33.3%) and adult women (35.3%) and more than 66% of adult Americans are considered overweight [CDC (Department of Health and Human Services), 2008]. Extreme obesity has increased from 0.8% to 4.9% [Bellaret al, 2008]. Visit the CDC website athttp://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/maps/index.htmfor a very graphic slide show of the ‘fatting of America.’The Weight Control Information Network classifies obesity as a chronic illness with an annual $117 billion cost (Weight-control Information Network (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)), 2007). In 2003, obesity was the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States [Garza, 2003]; it is now on the way to surpassing smoking [Abir and Bell, 2004]. But it is not just a problem in the United States; it is becoming a worldwide problem. What does this obesity epidemic mean to the PeriAnesthesia practitioner?
rHVDM: an R package to predict the activity and targets of a transcription factor
Authors: Barenco M. , Papouli E. , Shah S. , Brewer D. , Miller C.J. , Hubank M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Summary: Highly parallel genomic platforms like microarrays often present researchers with long lists of differentially expressed genes but contain little or no information on how these genes are regulated. rHVDM is a novel R package which uses gene expression time course data to predict the activity and targets of a transcription factor. In the first step, rHVDM uses a small number of known targets to derive the activity profile of a given transcription factor. Then, in a subsequent step, this activity profile is used to predict other putative targets of that transcription factor. A dynamic and mechanistic model of gene expression is at the heart of the technique. Measurement error is taken into account during the process, which allows an objective assessment of the robustness of fit and, therefore, the quality of the predictions. The package relies on efficient algorithms and vectorization to accomplish potentially time consuming tasks including optimization and differential equation integration. We demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of rHVDM by examining the activity of the tumour-suppressing transcription factor, p53.
Availability: The version of the package presented here (1.8.1) is freely available from the Bioconductor Web site (http://bioconductor.org/packages/2.3/bioc/html/rHVDM.html).
Contact: m.barenco@ucl.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Alternaria alternata and Plectosporium tabacinum on Snap Beans: Pathogenicity, Cultivar Reaction, and Fungicide Efficacy
Authors: Brantner Jason R. , Windels Carol E. , Omer Medani A. 
Published: December 2008

Verticillium wilt of sugar beet has not previously been reported in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota where both Verticillium dahliae Kleb and V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berthier cause wilt on potato. In August 2003, sugar beet in four fields from eastern North Dakota (sown to potato in 2002) exhibited typical symptoms of Verticillium wilt. Our objectives were to: (i) identify isolates from infected sugar beet and (ii) evaluate them for pathogenicity on sugar beet and potato. Accepted for publication 22 September 2008. Published 12 December 2008.
Alternaria alternata and Plectosporium tabacinum on Snap Beans: Pathogenicity, Cultivar Reaction, and Fungicide Efficacy
Authors: Dillard Helene R. , Cobb Ann C. 
Published: December 2008

Pod-flecking complex (PFC) has become an increasing problem for snap bean production. Pods from several commercial fields in New York and one in Pennsylvania were observed in 2006 with small dark flecks and streaks. Two pathogens were isolated and identified as Alternaria alternata and Plectosporium tabacinum. Isolates varied in aggressiveness, and generally isolates of P. tabacinum caused more disease than isolates of A. alternata. Eight snap bean cultivars were susceptible to A. alternata and P. tabacinum. In greenhouse fungicide efficacy trials pyraclostrobin, chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin, and copper hydroxide provided greater than 43% control of PFC caused by either fungus. Accepted for publication 18 September 2008. Published 12 December 2008.
Phytophthora alni subsp. uniformis Found in Alaska Beneath Thinleaf Alders
Authors: Adams Gerard C. , Catal Mursel , Trummer Lori , Hansen Everett M. , Reeser Paul , Worrall James J. 
Published: December 2008

Phytophthora alni Brasier & S. A. Kirk 2004 is an emergent pathogen causing a lethal root and collar disease of alder species in Europe. The species has not been previously found in North America, although an isolate tentatively referred to as P. alni was reported in a survey of nurseries in Minnesota. The potential establishment and spread of this complex of pathogens is perceived to represent a threat to all species of Alnus in the western hemisphere. Accepted for publication 2 October 2008. Published 12 December 2008.
Phytophthora alni subsp. uniformis Found in Alaska Beneath Thinleaf Alders
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Koike Steven T. 
Published: December 2008

Periwinkle is a trailing, spreading evergreen plant used in landscapes as a groundcover. Beginning in 2005, a powdery mildew was observed on periwinkle in coastal (Monterey Co.) California. As reported herein, the causal agent was determined to be Golovinomyces orontii (Castagne) V.P. Heluta. This appears to be the first record of a powdery mildew species on Vinca spp. in North America. Accepted for publication 16 October 2008. Published 12 December 2008.