bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and prevalence of periodontitis among US adults: a cross-sectional NHANES study
Authors: Hou Kegui , Song Wenpeng , He Jun , Ma Zhaofeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) is a recently developed lipid parameter, but there is currently a lack of research exploring its relationship with periodontitis. This study aims to identify the potential association between NHHR and periodontitis. The association between NHHR and periodontitis were examined through univariate and multivariate weighted logistic regression utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2009 to 2014. The participants were grouped based on the type of periodontitis. This study included a total of 9023 participants, with 1947 individuals having no periodontitis, and an additional 7076 individuals suffering from periodontitis. Patients in periodontitis group demonstrated a statistically significant elevation in NHHR values 2.82 (2.05–3.80) compared to those in no periodontitis group (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis of variables demonstrated a positive association between NHHR and periodontitis [1.07 (1.02, 1.12) p = 0.0067]. The study revealed a positive association between NHHR and an elevated prevalence of periodontitis development. For each unit increase in NHHR, there is a 7% increase in the prevalence of periodontitis. Further investigations into NHHR may enhance our understanding of preventing and treating periodontitis. However, additional studies are required to validate these findings.
Coincidence imaging for Jones matrix with a deep-learning approach
Authors: Xi Jiawei , Yung Tsz Kit , Liang Hong , Li Tan , Tam Wing Yim , Li Jensen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoincidence measurement has become an emerging technique for optical imaging. Based on measuring the second-order coherence g2, sample features such as reflection/transmission amplitude and phase delay can be extracted with developed algorithms pixel-by-pixel. However, an accurate measurement of g2 requires a substantial number of collected photons which becomes difficult under low-light conditions. Here, we propose a deep-learning approach for Jones matrix imaging using photon arrival data directly. A variational autoencoder (β-VAE) is trained using numerical data in an unsupervised manner to obtain a minimal data representation, which can be transformed into an image with little effort. We demonstrate as few as 88 photons collected per pixel on average to extract a Jones matrix image, with accuracy surpassing previous semi-analytic algorithms derived from g2. Our approach not only automates formulating imaging algorithms but can also assess the sufficiency of information from a designed experimental procedure, which can be useful in equipment or algorithm designs for a wide range of imaging applications.
Exploring the Views, Perspectives, and Current Practices of Educational Speech-Language Pathologists and Psychologists in Canada: How Childhood Developmental Language Disorders Are Identified and Diagnosed
Authors: Archibald Lisa M. D. , Kuyvenhoven Cassandra 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Across Canada, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and educational psychologists (EPs) work in schools to identify and diagnose childhood learning difficulties, including language disorders; however, both professional groups use different terms to identify and diagnose them. Using the term developmental language disorder (DLD), developed by the CATALISE consortium, would provide consistency across fields. To effectively implement the use of DLD, it is crucial to understand how EPs and SLPs currently identify childhood language disorders and to investigate the potential impact of a practice change in this area.

Method:
The study conducted 13 moderated focus groups and one one-on-one semistructured interview across six Canadian provinces in English and French.

Results:
We found some social and structural barriers that impact SLPs' and EPs' current practice of identifying and diagnosing language disorders generally (e.g., the belief that children should not be labeled “too early,” institutions that prioritize certain professional diagnoses over others, board policies that do not allocate funds for language disorders, professionals' reticence to convey difficult information such as a diagnosis to collaborators) and DLD specifically (e.g., different professional taxonomies, lack of familiarity with or uncertainty about the label, not recognized as a condition in schools that may or may not even identify language disorder as a category of exceptionality). Nevertheless, the focus groups also revealed the extent to which DLD could be useful in their current practice.

Conclusion:
Both EPs and SLPs acknowledged the importance of working together; therefore, DLD could inspire more collaborative practice between SLPs and EPs around language disorders.
An Examination of Cognitive Heterogeneity in Parkinson Disease: The Dual-Syndrome Hypothesis
Authors: Summers Dale , Spencer Kristie , Okasaki Connie , Huber Jessica E. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Cognitive impairment is one of the most debilitating nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD), and its presentation is heterogeneous. One proposed model to explain cognitive variability in PD is the dual-syndrome hypothesis. This hypothesis delineates two cognitive profiles, a “fronto-striatal” profile and a “posterior cortical” profile according to symptom presentation, associated motor phenotype, and risk for dementia. The current study examined the dual-syndrome hypothesis in individuals with idiopathic PD to evaluate the existence of these profiles, determine the association with the motor phenotype (tremor dominant vs. postural instability/gait disorder), and assess the relative risk for dementia.

Method:
A retrospective examination was conducted using data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database at baseline (within 2 years of diagnosis) and 5 years after baseline. Descriptive categorizations, cluster analyses, generalized linear mixed models, and logistic regressions were used to address the research questions.

Results:
There was emerging evidence of cognitive profiles; however, these were not fully supported by cluster analyses. Baseline cognitive profile was associated with later motor phenotype, and as predicted, dementia risk was greatest in persons with baseline posterior cortical impairments.

Conclusion:
The current results provide mixed support for the dual-syndrome hypothesis, with some evidence that the posterior cortical cognitive profile is associated with postural instability and gait disorder as well as greater dementia risk.
Fitting the light curves of Sagittarius A* with a hot-spot model
Authors: Yfantis A. I. , Mościbrodzka M. A. , Wielgus M. , Vos J. T. , Jimenez-Rosales A. 
Published: March 2024

Context. Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) exhibits frequent flaring activity across the electromagnetic spectrum. Signatures of an orbiting hot spot have been identified in the polarized millimeter wavelength light curves observed with ALMA in 2017 immediately after an X-ray flare. The nature of these hot spots remains uncertain.
Aims. We expanded existing theoretical hot-spot models created to describe the Sgr A* polarized emission at millimeter wavelengths. We sampled the posterior space, identifying best-fitting parameters and characterizing uncertainties.
Methods. Using the numerical radiative transfer code ipole, we defined a semi-analytical model describing a ball of plasma orbiting Sgr A*, threaded with a magnetic field and emitting synchrotron radiation. We then explored the posterior space in the Bayesian framework of dynesty. We fit the static background emission separately, using a radiatively inefficient accretion flow model.
Results. We considered eight models with a varying level of complexity, distinguished by choices regarding dynamically important cooling, non-Keplerian motion, and magnetic field polarity. All models converge to realizations that fit the data, but one model without cooling, non-Keplerian motion, and magnetic field pointing toward us improved the fit significantly and also matched the observed circular polarization.
Conclusions. Our models represent observational data well and allow testing various effects in a systematic manner. From our analysis, we have inferred an inclination of ∼155 − 160 deg, which corroborates previous estimates, a preferred period of ∼90 min, and an orbital radius of 9 − 12.0 gravitational radii. Our non-Keplerian models indicate a preference for an orbital velocity of 0.6–0.9 times the Keplerian value. Last, all our models agree on a high dimensionless spin value (a* >  0.8), but the impact of spin on the corresponding light curves is subdominant with respect to other parameters.
Hypervelocity star candidates from Gaia DR2 and DR3 proper motions and parallaxes
Authors: Scholz R.-D. 
Published: March 2024

Context. Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) unbound to the Galaxy can be formed with extreme stellar interactions, for example close encounters with supermassive black holes or in massive star clusters, supernova explosions in binary systems, or the stripping of dwarf galaxies. Observational evidence comes from measurements of radial velocities (RVs) of objects crossing the outer Galactic halo and of tangential velocities based on high proper motions (HPMs) and distances of relatively nearby stars.
Aims. I searched for new nearby HVS candidates and reviewed known objects using their Gaia astrometric measurements.
Methods. Candidates were selected with significant Gaia parallaxes of >0.1mas, proper motions of >20 mas yr−1, and computed galactocentric tangential velocities vtan_g>500 km s−1. The DR2 and DR3 samples of several thousand HVS candidates were studied with respect to their proper motions, sky distribution, number of observations, location in crowded fields, colour-magnitude diagrams, selection effects with magnitude, and RVs in DR3. The 72 most extreme (vtan_g>700 km s−1) and nearest (within 4kpc) DR3 HVS candidates were investigated with respect to detected close neighbours, flags, and astrometric quality parameters of objects of similar magnitudes in DR3. The quality checks involved HPM objects in a global comparison and all objects in the vicinity of each target.
Results. Spurious HPMs in the Galactic centre region led to false HVS interpretations in Gaia DR2 and are still present in DR3, although to a lesser extent. Otherwise there is good agreement between the HPMs of HVS candidates in DR2 and DR3. However, HVS candidates selected from DR2 tend to have larger parallaxes, and hence lower tangential velocities in DR3. Most DR3 RVs are much lower than the tangential velocities, indicating that the DR3 HVS candidates are still affected by underestimated parallaxes. None of the 72 extreme nearby DR3 HVS candidates, including three D6 stars, passed all the quality checks. Their tangential velocities may turn out to be lower, but at least some of them still appear unbound to the Galaxy.
Surveillance bei Watch-and-Wait nach neoadjuvanter Therapie beim
Rektumkarzinom
Authors: Kastner Carolin , Meir Michael , Flemming Sven , Reibetanz Joachim , Germer Christoph Thomas , Wiegering Armin 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungRund ein Drittel aller kolorektalen Karzinome (KRK) sind im Rektum lokalisiert. Im Rahmen
eines multimodalen Therapiekonzeptes wird durch eine neoadjuvante Therapie in 50–60% der
Fälle ein Downstaging des Tumors und in 10–30% der Fälle eine sog. Complete Clinical
Response (cCR), definiert als klinisch (und radiologisch) nicht mehr detektierbarer
Residualtumor nach Abschluss der neoadjuvanten Therapie, erzielt.Vor dem Hintergrund perioperativer Morbidität und Mortalität einer radikalen
Rektumresektion, mit u. a. Auftreten des Symptomkomplexes des sog. Low Anterior Resection
Syndrome (LARS) sowie der zumindest passager gegebenen Notwendigkeit zur Deviation, wird
die Frage nach einer Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung einer Organresektion bei Vorliegen eines cCR
aufgeworfen. In diesem Zusammenhang trat das therapeutische Konzept eines
„Watch-and-Wait“-Vorgehens mit Unterlassung einer unmittelbaren Organresektion und
Einschluss in ein strukturiertes Surveillance-Regime in den Vordergrund.Zur sicheren, onkologischen Durchführung dieser Option ist es notwendig, Standards in der
Definition einer geeigneten Patientenklientel sowie der Umsetzung des Konzepts zu
erarbeiten. Dabei ist das inhärente Ziel neben der zunächst korrekten Selektion der
Patientengruppe, die sich für ein primär nicht chirurgisches Vorgehen eignet, die
frühzeitige und suffiziente Detektion eines Tumorwiederauftretens (sog. Local Regrowth)
während der Phase des „Watch-and-Wait“ (Surveillance).In diesem Zusammenhang adressieren wir in dieser Arbeit die Fragen: 1. nach dem optimalen
Zeitpunkt des initiales Re-Stagings, 2. nach den Kriterien zur Beurteilung des klinischen
Ansprechens und der Selektion der geeigneten Patientenklientel, 3. nach Rhythmus und
Ausgestaltung des Surveillance-Protokolls.
Use of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Derivatives for NHC/Photoredox-Catalyzed meta-Selective Acylation of Electron-Rich Arenes
Authors: Ohmiya Hirohisa , Goto Yamato , Murakami Sho , Sumida Yuto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe describe the use of acyl imidazoles derived from aliphatic carboxylic acids for the N-heterocyclic carbene/organic photoredox co-catalyzed meta-selective functionalization of electron-rich arenes. Compared to our previous work, a change of the wavelength of the applied LED light from 440 nm to 390 nm promotes this reaction efficiently.
A Survey of Clinicians' Views of the Utility of Large Language Models
Authors: Spotnitz Matthew , Idnay Betina , Gordon Emily R. , Shyu Rebecca , Zhang Gongbo , Liu Cong , Cimino James J. , Weng Chunhua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives Large language models (LLMs) like Generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) are powerful algorithms that have been shown to produce human-like text from input data. Several potential clinical applications of this technology have been proposed and evaluated by biomedical informatics experts. However, few have surveyed health care providers for their opinions about whether the technology is fit for use.
Methods We distributed a validated mixed-methods survey to gauge practicing clinicians' comfort with LLMs for a breadth of tasks in clinical practice, research, and education, which were selected from the literature.
Results A total of 30 clinicians fully completed the survey. Of the 23 tasks, 16 were rated positively by more than 50% of the respondents. Based on our qualitative analysis, health care providers considered LLMs to have excellent synthesis skills and efficiency. However, our respondents had concerns that LLMs could generate false information and propagate training data bias.Our survey respondents were most comfortable with scenarios that allow LLMs to function in an assistive role, like a physician extender or trainee.
Conclusion In a mixed-methods survey of clinicians about LLM use, health care providers were encouraging of having LLMs in health care for many tasks, and especially in assistive roles. There is a need for continued human-centered development of both LLMs and artificial intelligence in general.
Reconstructive Rhinoplasty
Authors: Bariar L. M. , Sinha J. K. , Tripathi F. M. , Bhattacharya V. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryTwelve cases of injury nose, treated in the Plastic Surgery Section at University Hospital, Varanasi, are presented. Traumatic etiology was seen in eight cases (66.66&), and one each was due to electric burn, rat bite, human bite and post surgical. One case of lower half avulsion was seen without Joss of tissue. Others having loss of tissue of different component of nose, were treated by flaps and skin grafts. Primary closure was done in the one presenting without loss of tissue. The evaluation of results have been discussed.
Factors Affecting Donor Area Healing
Authors: Sharma Dr. Jagdish , Chandalia Dr. B. S. 
Published: March 2024

SummarySplit skin area healing was studied in 60 areas. The effect of various factors that in-fluence healing were also observed in the series. Superficial area dressed with antiseptic cream have gord quality healing. Deep donor area have more delayed healing with irregular areas of Hypertrophic scar.
Pigmented Neuroepithelial Tumgur Of Infancy
Authors: Chari P. S. , Banerjee A. K. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryA case of pigmented neuroepithelial tumour of infancy involving the maxilla is presented. Recent knowledge of its multiceatric origin and capacity to metamorphose into a neuroblastoma necessitate a reappraisal in the policy of its management. A correct histopathological diagnosis is essential for proper surgery which is curative in large majority of cases. Rarity of the lesion leading to lack of awarencess and mistaken diagnosis of malignent lesion may in turn in ths create problems management and prognosticetion.
Treatment Of Post Burn Contracture Neck By Long Lateral Thoraco-Abdominal Tube Pedicle Graft With Wrist As Carrier (Review of literature with a case report)
Authors: Bafna P. L. , Yadav J. K. , Jain N. K. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryLateral abdomino thoracic tube pedicle can be a procedure of choice in certain cases with good results under certain conditions. However the operation has to be done in several stages.
Myocutaneous Flaps for Reconstruction of Heel Defects (A Preliminary Report)
Authors: Parkash Satya , Palepu Jagannath 
Published: March 2024

SummaryA flexor digitorum brevis based myocutaneous flap was worked out on cadavers in 1978 for heel defects. Our experience with there cases of melanomas of the heel is presented. The flap should have great potentialities for trophic ulcers of the heel.
Folded Forehead Flaps For Reconstruction Of Cheek Defects
Authors: Bharat Dr. R. , Nair Dr. K. Ramakrishnan , Jacob Dr. O. J. , Nandakumar Dr. U. R. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe temporal forehead flap is a useful flap for reconstruction of cheek defects. Experience of ten cases is being presented where folded forehead flaps were used for reconstruction of post-excisional full thickness cheek defects. It has been found that it is quite a simple, safe and satisfactory method involving the use of a single flap.
Use Of Thin Flap In Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Saha Dr. Ila , Gupta Dr. S. , Palle Dr. N. , Ganguly Prof. A. C. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryMethod of planning and dissection of radically thin flap is described, and was utilised to cover the different areas of the body in 25 caases. Their results are analysed.
Extensive Degloving Injury Involving Left Lower Limb And Penoscrotal Skin: A Case Report
Authors: Bariar L. M. , Khan M. H. , Saxena Satendra , Rehman Q. M. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryA case of post traumatic extensive degloving injury involving left lower limb from groin to the ankle and whole of penoscrotal skin is reported, which was successfully managed by primary split thickness skin cover.Traumatic avulsion injuries of the external male genitalia and limbs are increasing in number due to the use of the high speed machinery in industry and the rapid mechanisation of agriculture. Isolated penoscrotal avulsions due to such injuries have been reported in the literature (Balakrishnan 1956, Manchanda et al 1967, Khanna 1969 and Tripathi et al 1982), which were successfully treated by split thickness skin grafts. Vasconez and McCraw (1979), advocate primary split thickness skin graftcover for avulsions of skin and subcutaneous tissue in the lower extrimity, Extensive degloving injury of the entire lower limb and whole of the penoscrotal skin is not seen in literature.
Mandibular Support Following Major Resections A Brief Review
Authors: Bariar Dr. L. M. , Sinha Prof. J. K. , Tripathi Dr. F. M. , Bhattacharya Dr. V. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThis study comprises of 20 cases of major resections of Mandible for malignant lesions. Following resections, the remaining mandibular segments were supported by simple Kirschaer's wire, to keep in proper positions. The result has been satisfactory with minor complications. The patients did well as far as the stabilization of the mandibular segments is concerned.
Augmentation Effect of Certain Vasodilators on Skin Flap Viability—An Experimental Study
Authors: Bhattacharya V. , Bhattacharya S. K. , Das J. M. , Sinha J. K. , Tripathi F. M. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe effect of some drugs, inducing vasodilatation, was noted on skin flap survival in rats, 6-hydroxydopamine, which induces chemical sympathectomy, produced marked survival of the flaps. Isoxsuprine and salbutamol, the beta-2 receptor agonists, also induced significant augmentation of flap survival. All these drugs were more cffective than the surgical delay procedure. Reserpine didnot enhance skin flap survival, Since 6-HD, isoxsuprine and salbutamol produce marked vasodilatation, they may prevent skin flap necrosis by enhancing cutaneous blood flow.
ROLE OF TENSOR FASCIA-LATA MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP IN FUNGATING GROIN GLANDS*
Authors: CHITALE V. R. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYSeven cases of fungating groin glands with moderately differentiated histology were treated by wide excision. The resultant raw area was covered with T. F. L. Myocutaneous Flap. Post-operative lyrnphorrhoea, a usual serious problem in groin block dissections, was not seen. This may be because of the fact that T. F. L. Myocutaneous Flap rapidly absorbs lymph after groin block dissection.
LIPODERMECTOMY AND FLEXOR PULLEY ADVANCEMENT: A NEW SURGICAL ALTERNATIVE TO CLAW HAND CORRECTION
Authors: PANDEY S. D. , DUBE A. S. , AGARWAL A. K. , SRIVASTAVA S. N. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYTenodesis, arthrosis and arthrodesis procedures for paralytic claw hand have become obsolete, because of their static principles. Zancolli's metacarpophalangeal capsul orrhaphy stretches out with time, though the initial results are satisfactory (Zancolli, 1957). Tendon transfers by and large still remain the mainstay of treatment, much monopolised by the experienced surgeons and requires pains taking physiotherapy (Pandey, 1975). Lipodermeclomy with flexor pulley advancement is suggested as a new alternative to surgical correction of claw hand, as a simple, safe, quick out-patient procedure requiring least surgical or physiotherapeutic expertise. The preliminary results are encouraging.
EFFECT OF HUMAN AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE AND SALINE SOAKED GAUZE DRESSINGS ON QUANTITATIVE SURFACE BACTERIAL COUNT IN GRANULATING BURN WOUNDS
Authors: SINGH ARVINDER , KESWANI R. K. , AGARWAL KAROON , SABHARWAL U. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYIn a comparative study carried out in 10 major burn patients with granulating wounds, it was found that amniotic membrane is in no way superior to simple saline soaked gauze dressings in either decreasing the bacterial count or preparing the granulating raw area for autogrofting.
DONOR SITE MORBIDITY IN DORSALIS PEDIS FLAP
Authors: SRIVASTAVA J. L. , BAJAJ S. P. , TIWARI V. K. , NARAIN R. P. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYThe present paper is based on a study of Eleven cases where Dorsalis pedis flap has been used. Donor site morbidity was observed in eight of them which required subsequent hospitalisation and medical care. The factors responsible for this have been highlighted.
FACIAL BURNS: PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: ACHARYA S. K. 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYFacial burn injuries in majority of cases result in cosmetic disfigurement and functional disability. Cariful assessment, judiciously planned treatment, executed with skill and expediency, minimise such sequelae. Experience of managing one hundred and four cases of facial burns are presented. The importance of conservative regime in burns of first degree and well tried reconstructive procedures for second and third degree burns needs to be appreciated.