bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heparan sulfate regulates the anabolic activity of MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblast cells by induction of Runx2
Authors: Jackson Rebecca A. , Murali Sadasivam , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Gary S. , Nurcombe Victor , Cool Simon M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe transcription factor Runx2 can be controlled by a number of upstream regulators involved in intracellular signalling, including the activation ERK1/2 signaling by fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2). FGFs interact with their cell surface receptors (FGFRs) through an obligate cross‐binding interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) co‐receptors; exogenous HS sugar chains have been shown to potently modulate changes in cell phenotype depending on the stage of tissue differentiation when the HS is harvested, suggesting that HS chain structure and function varies depending on the stage of cell maturity. This study examined the potential of bone‐derived heparan sulfate (HS), harvested from differentiating osteoblasts, for the enhancement of preosteoblast growth and differentiation. HS was harvested from conditioned media, cell surface and matrix compartments of postconfluent (differentiating) MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts and dosed back onto preconfluent MC3T3‐E1 cells. We show that HS can increase the expression Runx2, ALP, and OPN in preosteoblast cells, suggesting the potential for exogenous HS to shift cells from proliferative to differentiative phenotypes. In line with their structural differences, only HS released into the media was found to co‐stimulate the mitogenic effect of FGF‐2, whilst exogenous application of all the HSs together with FGF‐2 served to increase the expression of OPN. Only the application of cell surface‐derived HS triggered a synergistic increase in FGFR1 expression together with FGF‐2, although all three HS preparations could trigger transient increases in PI3K, ERK1/2, and stat3 phosphorylation levels. These findings demonstrate that the compartmentally distinct HS species expressed by differentiating MC3T3‐E1 cells act in complex ways to coordinate the extracellular conditions that lead to osteoblast differentiation, with the cell surface species coordinating the FGF response. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 38–50, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of unstable metabolites of Lonafarnib using liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, stable isotope incorporation and ion source temperature alteration
Authors: Tong Wei , Chowdhury Swapan K. , Su Ai‐Duen , Feng Wenqing , Ghosal Anima , Alton Kevin B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStructural characterization of unstable metabolites and other drug‐derived entities poses a serious challenge to the analytical chemist using instrumentation such as LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS, and may lead to inaccurate identification of metabolite structures. The task of structural elucidation becomes even more difficult when an analyte is unstable in the ion source of the mass spectrometer. However, a judicious selection of the experimental conditions and the advanced features of new generation mass spectrometers can often overcome these difficulties. We describe here the identification of three drug‐derived peaks (A, B and C) that were detected from a Schering–Plough developmental compound (Lonafarnib) following incubation with cDNA‐expressed human CYP3A4. Definitive characterization was achieved using (1) accurate mass measurement, (2) stable isotope incorporation, (3) reduced ion source temperature, (4) alkali ion attachment and (5) MS/MS fragmentation studies. The protonated ions of compounds A and B fragmented almost completely in the source, yielding ions of the same mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) as that of protonated C (CH+). Fortunately, the presence of Na+and K+adducts of A and B provided information crucial to distinguishing AH+and BH+from their fragment ions. Metabolite A was shown to be an unstable hydroxylated metabolite of Lonafarnib. The metabolite C was shown to be a dehydrogenated metabolite of Lonafarnib (Lonafarnib‐2H), unstable in the presence of protic solvents. Finally, B was artifactually formed most likely from C by the solvolytic addition of methanol during sample preparation. MS/MS fragmentation experiments assisted in identifying the site of metabolism in A and chemical modification in B. A and C readily interconvert through hydration/dehydration, and B and C through addition/elimination of methanol present in the sample‐processing solvents. Finally, NMR experiments were performed to confirm the structures of A and C. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian change‐point analysis of heat spell occurrences in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Khaliq M. N. , Ouarda T. B. M. J. , St‐Hilaire A. , Gachon P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPositive/upward shifts in the rate of occurrence of heat spells can considerably impact socioeconomic sectors. Particularly, populous urban areas and centers of regional socioeconomic activities are more vulnerable to the enhanced activity of heat spells. In this study, 24 time series of annual counts of summer‐season (June–August) heat spells are derived from homogenized records of daily minimum and maximum temperatures (i.e. Tmin and Tmax) observed at McTavish station, located in the center of Montreal (Canada), over the period 1896–1991. Twelve of these time series, which fulfill the assumption of the Poisson process for heat spell occurrences, are examined for abrupt changes in the rate of occurrences using hierarchical Bayesian change‐point approach. In these analyses, a heat spell is defined as an extreme climate event with Tmin and Tmax simultaneously above selected thresholds and a duration ≥ 1‐day. The results of the Bayesian change‐point analyses suggest structural inhomogeneities within the heat spell observations, i.e. the results do not support abrupt changes for all time series of annual counts of heat spells; this may not have been possible to detect by studying heat spells defined on the basis of just a single combination of Tmin and Tmax thresholds. Furthermore, the overall results of the Bayesian change‐point analyses and those of commonly employed nonparametric trend detection and estimation techniques, when applied to change‐point free smaller samples, suggest that there is inadequate evidence in favor of increased activity of heat spells in Montreal during the third last and second last decades (i.e. 1970s and 1980s) of the 20th century, which are the most recent decades of the observation period analyzed. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Fast detection and identification of counterfeit antimalarial tablets by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: de Veij Marleen , Vandenabeele Peter , Hall Krystyn Alter , Fernandez Facundo M. , Green Michael D. , White Nicholas J. , Dondorp Arjen M. , Newton Paul N. , Moens Luc 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDuring the last decade there has been an apparent increase in the prevalence of counterfeit medicines in developing as well as developed countries. The pivotal antimalarial artesunate has been counterfeited on a large scale in SE Asia. In this work, the possibilities of Raman spectroscopy are explored as a fast and reliable screening method for the detection of counterfeit artesunate tablets. In this study, 50 ‘artesunate tablets’, purchased in SE Asia, were examined. This spectroscopic method was able to distinguish between genuine and counterfeit artesunate and to identify the composition of the counterfeit tablets. These contained no detectable levels of artesunate, but consisted mostly of starch, calcite (CaCO3), and paracetamol (4‐acetamidophenol). In one particular case an admixture of rutile (TiO2) and artesunate was detected. The results of the investigation by Raman spectroscopy were in agreement with those of colorimetric tests and of liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry on the artesunate. Moreover, principal components analysis (PCA) was combined with hierarchical cluster analysis to establish an automated approach for the discrimination between different groups of counterfeits and genuine artesunate tablets. These results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis is a promising and reliable methodology for the fast characterization of genuine and counterfeit artesunate antimalarial tablets. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining design threads: Issues in Web design across student populations
Authors: Stefl‐Mabry Joette , Druin Allison , Bilal Dania , Radlick Michael , Mackey Thomas , Doll Carol , Nahl Diane 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis session relates directly to this year's conference theme Sparking Synergies: Bringing Research and Practice Together as it brings together researchers from different disciplines (information science and educational technology) to discuss current issues and trends related to Web usage across student populations. “Complex design problems require more knowledge than any single person possesses” (Arias, Eden, Fischer, Gorman, and Scharff, 2000, p. 84), thus each panelist will contribute highlights of his or her current research regarding the design, information, and pedagogical, needs of specific student populations (K‐12 to higher education). After the panelists have presented their findings Diane Nahl will intertwine the threads of the panelists' conversations and, with the audience's assistance, begin to weave a fabric to uncover common usability issues.
A perfect storm for intranet search: How one company navigates
Authors: Moxness J. Gregory , Lynch Kevin J. , Anderson Breanna , Loring Beth , Connors Christine , Zacher Jule , Kapikian Manya 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA “perfect storm” has formed in the intranet search space, where information is doubling yearly, no usable metadata exists, and search users' expectations continue to increase. New information repository types, collaboration methods, and security protocols complicate the design of a comprehensive solution. Over the past two years, the moderator and participants collaborated to lead the successful design, development, and deployment of intranet search and browse capabilities for a large manufacturing organization. Significant lessons learned inform researchers and implementers of behind‐the‐firewall intranet search capabilities, and have implications for information retrieval, recommendation systems, and designs for next‐generation digital workspaces. We attribute success to a focus on user‐centered design, vendor selection and participation, and the diversity of backgrounds of the team responsible for design and deployment. Panel members consist of representative stakeholders of all development groups who participated. Still, significant obstacles to continued success remain, and panel members have differing perspectives on how best to proceed.
Ontology‐driven knowledge organization — enhancing UDDI Web services in Korea using topic maps
Authors: Oh Sam Gyun , Lee Eun Chul , Park Oknam , Yi Myongho 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEffective and efficient publishing and searching for Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) Web services is important for the success of Web services. Traditional approaches such as index, thesaurus, and classification have historically dominated information representation and organization; however, they have some limitations. Ontology‐driven knowledge organization [An ontology‐driven knowledge organization approach] is considered one of keys to the next generation of knowledge management applications because ontology provides structure and meaning to data. This research examines how ontology‐driven knowledge organization could provide benefits to current UDDI Web services.
The moral legitimacy of intellectual property and copyright as policy and code: Librarians, pirates, and the myth of the intellectual commons
Authors: Kemp Randall B. , Shachaf Pnina , Himma Kenneth Einar , Caldera Cavinda , Clodfelter Kathryn 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurely intra‐disciplinary discussions about the legitimacy of intellectual property rights (e.g., a purely legal discussion or a theoretical discussion from within just one discipline) tend to provide an incomplete picture of the current research on this important ethical issue. This panel will address both research and practice by showcasing a triangulated approach to current thoughts on ethical issues of intellectual property rights. One approach, from philosophy, critiques the argument that intellectual property rights are illegitimate because they deplete the information commons and finds this view wanting. A second approach addresses the ethics of intellectual property infringement from the point of view of the digital pirate, asking if an ethic exists for virtual property. The third member of the panel surveys libraries and library association ethics codes that actually reference copyright and intellectual property responsibilities for the librarian. The final presentation illustrates a practitioner's approach of technical writers and web designers to intellectual property. These four views in conjunction present a holistic picture of research and practice of the ethics of intellectual property policies from philosophical, legal, and professional communities.
Evaluating success in search systems
Authors: Rasmussen Edie , Toms Elaine G. , Jansen Bernard J. , Muresan Gheorghe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe focus of this panel is on methodologies and measures for evaluating information retrieval (IR) systems from a human‐centred perspective. Current research especially with regard to search engines is challenged by “Internet time” – the need for near instantaneous results that are also reliable and valid. The session will begin with an assessment of the current status of IR evaluation, followed by presentations on emerging methods used in recent evaluations, as well as on types of data collected and the measures used for analysis. A discussion among the panelists and the audience will critique current methods, and suggest how those methods may be enhanced. The outcome from this panel will be a fresh critical examination of IR evaluation methods.
The angiosperm phylogeny Website ‐ a tool for reference and teaching in a time of change
Authors: Stevens Peter F. , Davis Hilary M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRepositories of biological information should include up‐to‐date, cumulative research as well as address issues affecting the scholarly community at‐large. Because of the dynamic and interdisciplinary nature of research in today's biological “infosphere,” it is becoming increasingly difficult to produce stable and useful monographic treatments with the timeliness and impact that biodiversity issues deserve.The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (“APweb”) is a biological information resource that has had far‐reaching impact in the botanical community. The APweb represents a culmination of information developed by botanical researchers, presented in a user‐friendly, hierarchical and intuitive format meant for all levels of interest in the botanical sciences. It is innovative in its field in that the content is dynamic, reflecting up‐to‐date research in the evolutionary relationships of flowering plants.This poster will discuss the significance, use and function of the APweb in its role as a teaching and reference tool as well as design, collaboration and technical issues encountered in its development. Of particular relevance to library and information science practitioners, the APweb may serve as an example of how a simple design can be used to present a wealth of information for plant bioinformatics and education.
Seattle public library as place: Nonparametric analyses of community perceptions and attitudes
Authors: Edwards Phillip M. , Saxton Matthew L. , Fisher Karen E. , Mai Jens‐Erik 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn an attempt to characterize the role(s) – social, political, cultural, or informational – of an individual library in the lives of community members, we conducted 226 interviews among people within and nearby the newly‐constructed Central Library building of the Seattle Public Library. This poster presents the results of exploratory and nonparametric quantitative analyses of coded qualitative data to reveal potentially fruitful associations between the participants' characteristics and their perceptions and attitudes toward the Central Library as a physical or symbolic space. While not attempting to generalize beyond our sample, these associations may nevertheless be useful to guide future studies on the roles of libraries in society.
Engaging the user: Co‐browsing at the reference desk
Authors: Stern Richard E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCurrent configurations reference desk computers in academic libraries do not maximize student learning. To more fully engage students at the reference desk requires greater recognition that the computer is an integral part of the interaction between student and librarian. A functional reference desk should provide both students and librarians with the tools to collaborate on searching. These include continuous and unobstructed views of the computer monitor and individual possession of keyboard and mouse. Such a system is in place at Seton Hall University and in the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.
Genre as Web search descriptor
Authors: Rosso Mark A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWith the advent of large, digital collections of heterogenous documents (namely the World Wide Web, and large sub‐collections thereof), attention to the prospect of using document genre to constrain document search has increased. A major issue to be resolved in this endeavor is the identification of what document categories should be used as the genres. As genre is a “folk typology”, document categories must enjoy widespread recognition by their intended user groups, in order to qualify as genres. This poster briefly describes a series of user studies aimed at developing a set of web page categories that are widely recognized as genre. Results showed that, on average, over 70% of one study's 257 participants agreed on the genre of the 55 webpages shown to them, having chosen from a typology of 18 genres. In addition, to determine this genre typology's usefulness in the context of search, users were asked to judge the usefulness of genre‐annotated (vs. non‐annotated) webpage summaries in a series of simulated search tasks. Although results were inconclusive regarding the effect on the speed or accuracy of users' relevance judgements, many users reported a preference for the genre‐annotated webpage summaries when evaluating search results.
Measuring the global research environment: Information science challenges for the 21st century
Authors: Anderson Caryn , Bammer Gabriele 
Published: October 2006

Abstract“What does the global research environment look like?” This paper presents a summary look at the results of efforts to address this question using available indicators on global research production. It was surprising how little information is available, how difficult some of it is to access and how flawed the data are. The three most useful data sources were UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Research and Development data (1996–2002), the Institute of Scientific Information publications listings for January 1998 through March 2003, and the World of Learning 2002 reference volume. The data showed that it is difficult to easily get a good overview of the global research situation from existing sources. Furthermore, inequalities between countries in research capacity are marked and challenging. Information science offers strategies for responding to both of these challenges. In both cases improvements are likely if access to information can be facilitated and the process of integrating information from different sources can be simplified, allowing transformation into effective action. The global research environment thus serves as a case study for the focus of this paper — the exploration of information science responses to challenges in the management, exchange and implementation of knowledge globally.
Beyond ‘needy’ individuals: Conceptualizing information behavior
Authors: Olsson Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUnderstanding information users and their behavior is a question of central importance for information research and practice. The paper challenges several aspects of existing approaches to understanding information behavior, including: the focus on individual cognition at the expense of social and affective factors; the construction of information users as defined by their areas of ignorance and uncertainty, rather than their expertise; and the focus on purposive rather than non‐purposive information behavior. It argues that only by addressing these weaknesses and developing new research strategies and theoretical frameworks which focus attention on the social processes and relationships which underpin users' information behavior can we hope to develop a truly holistic understanding of the relationship between people and information. The paper uses the author's study of information behavior researcher's constructions of an author (Brenda Dervin) to illustrate how a social constructivist approach can both build on existing approaches to information behavior research and address some of their weaknesses. It argues that social constructivist approaches provide a theoretical lens through which information researchers can gain a clearer picture of information users not as ‘needy’ individuals to be ‘helped’, but as social beings, experts in their own life‐worlds.
Long‐range JCH heteronuclear coupling constants in cyclopentane derivatives. Part II
Authors: Lacerda Valdemar , da Silva Gil V. J. , Tormena Cláudio F. , Williamson R. Thomas , Marquez Brian L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHere we report the detailed measurement of long‐range heteronuclear spin–spin coupling constants, especially 2, 3JCH spin–spin couplings for eight different cyclopentane derivatives. These 2, 3JCH constants were shown to be a useful tool in the determination of the relative stereochemistry in these rings. The coupling constant measurements reported here are based on two different experiments: a 2D heteronuclear correlation experiment named G‐BIRDR, X‐CPMG‐HSQMBC and the 2D‐coupled gHSQC {1H‐13C} experiment Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total Lagrangian Reissner's geometrically exact beam element without singularities
Authors: Mäkinen Jari 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new Reissner's geometrically exact beam element, which is based on a total Lagrangian updating procedure. The element has the rotation vector as the dependent variable and the singularity problems at the rotation angle 2π and its multiples are passed by the change of parametrization on the rotation manifold. The beam formulation has several benefits such as all the unknown vectors belong to the same tangential vector space, no need for secondary storage variables, the path‐independence in the static case, any standard time‐integration algorithm may be used, and the symmetric stiffness. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.