bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical differentiation of acute necrotizing from chronic nonsuppurative pancreatitis in cats: 63 cases (1996–2001)
Authors: Ferreri Jean A. , Hardam Erin , Kimmel Susan E. , Saunders H. Mark , Winkle Thomas J. Van , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Washabau Robert J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To characterize clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and ultrasonographic findings in cats with histologically confirmed acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) or chronic nonsuppurative pancreatitis (CP) and identify features that may be useful in the antemortem differentiation of these disorders.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—63 cats with histologically confirmed ANP (n = 30) or CP (33).Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical signs, concurrent diseases, clinicopathologic findings, and results of radiography and ultrasonography.Results—Cats in both groups had similar nonspecific clinical signs, physical examination findings, and radiographic and ultrasonographic abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasonographic abnormalities, including hypoechoic pancreas, hyperechoic mesentery, and abdominal effusion, were found in cats in both groups and, therefore, were not specific for ANP. Cats with CP were significantly more likely to have concurrent diseases than were cats with ANP (100 and 83%, respectively). Clinicopathologic abnormalities were similar between groups; however, serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher in cats with CP.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that ANP and CP in cats cannot be distinguished from each other solely on the basis of history, physical examination findings, results of clinicopathologic testing, radiographic abnormalities, or ultrasonographic abnormalities. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:469–474)
Osteomyelitis secondary to trauma involving the proximal end of the radius in horses: five cases (1987–2001)
Authors: Swinebroad Eric L. , Dabareiner Robin M. , Swor Tamara M. , Carter G. Kent , Watkins Jeffrey P. , Walker Michael , Schmitz David G. , Honnas Clifford M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical, radiographic, and scintigraphic abnormalities in and treatment and outcome of horses with trauma-induced osteomyelitis of the proximal aspect of the radius.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—5 horses.Procedure—Data collected from the medical records included signalment; history; horse use; degree of lameness; radiographic, ultrasonographic, and scintigraphic findings; treatment; and outcome.Results—Duration of lameness prior to referral ranged from 14 to 60 days. Mean severity of lameness was grade 3 of 5, and all horses had a single limb affected. All horses had signs of pain during elbow joint manipulation and digital palpation over the lateral aspect of the proximal end of the radius. Radiographic lesions consisted of periosteal proliferation, osteolysis, and subchondral bone lysis. Scintigraphy in 3 horses revealed intense pharmaceutical uptake diffusely involving the proximal end of the radius. Two horses had sepsis of the elbow joint. All horses were treated with antimicrobials long-term; 1 horse was also treated by local perfusion of the radial medullary cavity through an indwelling cannulated screw. At follow-up, all horses had returned to their previous function.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that osteomyelitis of the proximal end of the radius can result from a traumatic injury to the antebrachium. Because lesions may be an extension of septic arthritis, a thorough examination of the wound area and elbow joint is recommended. Prolonged systemic antimicrobial treatment can result in a successful outcome. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:486–491)
Ultrasound measurement of sole horn thickness in trimmed claws of dairy cows
Authors: Amstel Sarel R. van , Palin Frances L. , Rorhbach Barton W. , Shearer Jan K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether ultrasound could be used to measure sole horn thickness in dairy cattle after claw trimming with an adaptation of the Dutch method.Design—Case series.Animals—24 adult Holstein dairy cows.Procedure—Cows were restrained in a standing position, and claws were trimmed with an adaptation of the Dutch trimming method. B-mode ultrasonography was then performed. The transducer was placed on the sole just caudal to the apex of the toe and immediately medial and parallel to the abaxial white zone. The inner margin of the sole was identified as a thin hyperechoic line. Soles were considered to be too thin if sole horn thickness, determined by use of ultrasonography, was < 5 mm.Results—Sole horn, underlying soft tissues, and the distal surface of the third phalanx were imaged in 151 claws. The inner margin of the sole could not be identified in 4 claws, and 37 claws could not be imaged because cows collapsed in the restraining chute. Mean ± SD sole thickness for all claws was 7.1 ± 1.3 mm. Only 1 sole was < 5 mm thick. The lateral front claws were significantly thicker than the medial hind claws.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that ultrasound imaging can be used to determine sole thickness in dairy cattle after routine claw trimming. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:492–494)
Effect of dental floating on the rostrocaudal mobility of the mandible of horses
Authors: Carmalt James L. , Townsend Hugh G. G. , Allen Andrew L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of dental floating on the position of the mandible relative to the maxilla (a measure of rostrocaudal mobility [RCM] of the mandible) during extension and flexion of the head of horses.Design—Randomized controlled blinded trial.Animals—59 horses housed in 1 barn.Procedure—Horses were formally randomized into a treatment (n = 33) or control (26) group. All horses were sedated, and the distance between rostral portions of the upper and lower incisor arcades were determined with the head fully extended and flexed at the poll (the difference in measurements represented the RCM of the mandible). The oral cavity was examined. For the treatment group, dental floating was performed, and the incisor arcade measurements were repeated.Results—Dental correction resulted in a significant increase in RCM of the mandible in 31 of 33 horses. The mobility was greater in heavy horses than that detected in other breed classifications. Age and number of dental lesions did not significantly affect mobility before or after dental floating.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dental floating increased RCM of the mandible, but measurement of this variable was not an indicator of the number or extent of dental lesions, and no specific dental abnormality appeared to significantly affect RCM of the mandible in horses. In horses, measurement of RCM of the mandible can be used as a guide to determine whether dental correction is necessary; after dental floating, it can be used to ensure that irregularities of the occlusal surface have been corrected. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:666–669)
Carcinoma of the apocrine glands of the anal sac in dogs: 113 cases (1985–1995)
Authors: Williams Laurel E. , Gliatto John M. , Dodge Richard K. , Johnson Jeffrey L. , Gamblin Rance M. , Thamm Douglas H. , Lana Susan E. , Szymkowski Mary , Moore Antony S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To characterize the signalment, clinical signs, biological behavior, and response to treatment of carcinoma of the apocrine glands of the anal sac in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—113 dogs with histologically confirmed carcinoma of the apocrine glands of the anal sac.Procedure—Data on signalment, clinical signs, and staging were reviewed and analyzed along with treatment modality for potential association with survival time.Results—Sex distribution was approximately equal (54% female, 46% male). One hundred four dogs underwent treatment consisting of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or multimodal treatment. Median survival for treated dogs was 544 days (range, 0 to 1,873 days). Dogs treated with chemotherapy alone had significantly shorter survival (median, 212 days) than those receiving other treatments (median, 584 days). Dogs not treated with surgery had significantly shorter survival (median, 402 days) than those that underwent surgery as part of their treatment (median, 548 days). Dogs with tumors ≥ 10 cm2had significantly shorter survival (median, 292 days) than dogs with tumors ≥ 10 cm2(median, 584 days). Hypercalcemia was identified in 27% (n = 29) of dogs, and those dogs had significantly shorter survival (median, 256 days), compared with those that were normocalcemic (median, 584 days). Dogs with pulmonary metastasis had significantly shorter survival (median, 219 days) than dogs without evidence of pulmonary metastasis (median, 548 days).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Unlike most previous reports, this study revealed an approximately equal sex distribution, and results suggest a more favorable prognosis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223: 825–831)
Risk factors for atrial fibrillation during racing in slow-finishing horses
Authors: Ohmura Hajime , Hiraga Atsushi , Takahashi Toshiyuki , Kai Makoto , Jones James H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) immediately after racing among racehorses that finished well behind the winners and examine potential risk factors for AF in these horses.Design—Case-control study.Animals—39,302 racehorses representing 404,090 race starts in races sanctioned by the Japan Racing Association between 1988 and 1997.Procedure—Horses that finished ≥ 4 (turf races) or 5 (dirt races) seconds behind the winner or that did not complete the race were examined for AF within 5 minutes after the race. Logistic regression andχ2analyses were used to determine whether sex, age, race distance, race surface, year, or development of epistaxis was associated with development of AF.Results—Estimated minimum frequency of AF was 0.03% (123 instances of AF following 404,090 race starts), and estimated minimum prevalence of AF among racehorses was 0.29% (115 horses with AF among 39,302 racehorses). Estimated frequency of AF among horses that finished slowly or did not finish was 1.39% (120 instances of AF among 8,639 examinations), and estimated prevalence of AF in horses that finished slowly was 1.23% (92 instances of AF among 7,500 horses) or 1.01% when only the first time a horse finished slowly was considered (76 instances of AF among 7,500 horses). Atrial fibrillation was paroxysmal in most horses. Among horses that finished slowly, 4-year-old and older horses and horses that raced on turf were more likely to develop AF.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the likelihood of AF among racehorses that finish slowly is related to age and racing surface. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223:84–88)
Comparison of the retrobulbar and Peterson nerve block techniques via magnetic resonance imaging in bovine cadavers
Authors: Pearce Simon G. , Kerr Carolyn L. , Bouré Ludovic P. , Thompson Kerry , Dobson Howard 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To use magnetic resonance (MR) imaging
to describe and compare the anatomic distribution of
a lipid contrast medium injected via the retrobulbar
and Peterson nerve block techniques in heads of
bovine cadavers.

Design—Original study.

Sample—5 grossly normal heads obtained from cattle
at necropsy.

Procedure—Standardized techniques for the modified
retrobulbar and Peterson nerve blocks were
established. Each cadaver had 1 treatment performed
on a randomly selected side of the head; the second
treatment was performed on the alternate side of the
head. Injections were performed with canola oil,
which is an MR-positive contrast medium. Images of
heads in the transverse and dorsal planes were
obtained with a 3.0 Tesla short-bore MR system.

Results—The retrobulbar technique was characterized
by widespread distribution of the contrast medium
around the periorbital structures; further distribution
of the medium was detected along the optic
nerve and in the ethmoid turbinates and nasopharynx.
After the Peterson nerve block technique, contrast
medium was repeatedly located in the pterygopalatine
fossa, but distribution to surrounding structures
was minimal.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate
that the retrobulbar injection technique results in
a greater distribution of contrast medium to the target
nerves and surrounding structures, compared with
that achieved via the Peterson nerve block technique.
This may explain the previously reported clinical
impression that the retrobulbar block is more reliable
than the Peterson nerve block but is associated with
a greater risk of complications. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2003;223:852–855)
Effect of vaccination against feline immunodeficiency virus on results of serologic testing in cats
Authors: Levy Julie K. , Crawford P. Cynda , Slater Margaret R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of vaccination against FIV on results of serologic assays for FIV infection.Design—Prospective clinical trial.Animals—26 specific-pathogen-free cats, 102 laboratory- reared cats (42 unvaccinated and uninfected, 41 vaccinated and uninfected, and 19 infected with FIV), and 22 client-owned cats infected with FIV.Procedure—To determine the onset and duration of anti-FIV antibody production in cats following vaccination with a whole-virus vaccine, serum was obtained from the 26 specific-pathogen-free cats prior to vaccination and weekly for 10 weeks, then monthly for 52 weeks, after vaccination; serum was tested for anti-FIV antibodies with lateral flow and microwell plate ELISAs. To determine the diagnostic performance of serologic assays for FIV infection, plasma from uninfected, unvaccinated cats; uninfected, vaccinated cats; and FIV-infected cats was tested for FIV antibodies with the 2 ELISAs, a western blot assay, and an immunofluorescence antibody assay and for FIV antigen with an ELISA.Results—Anti-FIV antibodies were detected in all 26 vaccinated cats 1 year after vaccination. Sensitivity of the antibody assays for FIV infection was high (98% to 100%). Specificity was high in unvaccinated cats (90% to 100%) but poor in vaccinated cats (0% to 54%). None of the vaccinated or infected cats had detectable FIV antigen in plasma.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that vaccination against FIV causes false-positive results for at least 1 year with currently available serologic assays for FIV infection. Negative FIV antibody assay results are highly reliable for detection of uninfected cats, but positive results should be interpreted with caution. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:1558–1561)
Histologic comparison of skin biopsy specimens collected by use of carbon dioxide or 810-nm diode lasers from dogs
Authors: Rizzo Lillian B. , Ritchey Jerry W. , Higbee Russell G. , Bartels Kenneth E. , Lucroy Michael D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare histologic artifacts caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) or 810-nm diode surgical lasers used to obtain small biopsy specimens of skin from healthy dogs.Design—Prospective study.Animals—4 dogs.Procedure—21 skin biopsy specimens were collected from each dog. Three biopsy specimens were obtained with a CO2or an 810-nm diode laser at 3 operating settings each, and 3 biopsy specimens were obtained with a 6-mm biopsy punch instrument (controls). After processing, biopsy specimens were examined for artifacts related to laser-tissue interactions. Microscopically visible char was measured from the lateral edge of each specimen obtained with a laser.Results—There were no significant differences among mean char distances in biopsy specimens obtained with the CO2laser at various settings. Mean char distance was significantly greater in all skin biopsy specimens obtained with the diode laser, compared with those obtained with the CO2laser. Mean char distance was significantly greater in biopsy specimens obtained with the 810-nm diode laser at high power, compared with biopsy specimens obtained with the 810-nm diode laser at low power.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the CO2laser caused less thermal injury at margins of skin biopsy specimens; therefore, if a surgical laser is used for removal of cutaneous masses or to obtain skin biopsy specimens, use of the CO2laser is recommended. Veterinarians performing a biopsy by using a surgical laser should be aware that laser-induced artifacts may render small biopsy specimens useless for providing accurate histologic diagnosis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:1562–1566)
Effects of intravenous administration of dimethyl sulfoxide on cardiopulmonary and clinicopathologic variables in awake or halothane-anesthetized horses
Authors: Lin Hui-Chu , Johnson Christopher R. , Duran Sue H. , Waldridge Bryan M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the cardiopulmonary and clinicopathologic effects of rapid IV administration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in awake and halothaneanesthetized horses.Design—Prospective study.Animals—6 adult horses.Procedures—Horses received IV infusion of 5 L of a balanced electrolyte solution with and without 1 g/kg (0.45 g/lb) of 10% DMSO solution when they were awake and anesthetized with halothane (4 treatments/ horse). Arterial and venous blood samples were collected immediately before and at intervals during or after fluid administration and analyzed for blood gases and hematologic and serum biochemical variables, respectively. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and arterial blood pressure variables were recorded prior to, during, and after fluid administration.Results—After administration of fluid with or without DMSO, changes in measured variables were detected immediately, but most variables returned to baseline values within 4 hours. One awake control horse had signs of anxiety; agitation and tachycardia were detected in 2 awake horses administered DMSO. These clinical signs disappeared when the rate of infusion was reduced. In anesthetized horses, increased concentrations of WBCs and plasma fibrinogen and serum creatine kinase activity persisted for 24 hours, which was related to the stress of anesthesia more than the effects of fluid administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Infusion of 5 L of balanced electrolyte solution with or without 10% DMSO induced minimal changes in cardiopulmonary function and clinicopathologic variables in either awake or halothane-anesthetized horses. Stress associated with anesthesia and recovery had a greater influence on measured variables in anesthetized horses than fluid administration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:560–566)
Medical and behavioral surveillance of dogs deployed to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon from October 2001 to June 2002
Authors: Otto Cynthia M. , Downend Amanda B. , Serpell James A. , Ziemer Lisa S. , Saunders H. Mark 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate early medical and behavioral effects of deployment to the World Trade Center, Fresh Kills Landfill, or the Pentagon on responding search-and-rescue (SAR) dogs.Design—Prospective double cohort study.Animals—The first cohort included SAR dogs responding to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (deployed), and the second cohort included SAR dogs trained in a similar manner but not deployed (controls). Enrollment occurred from October 2001 to June 2002.Procedure—Dogs were examined by their local veterinarians; thoracic radiographs and blood samples were shipped to the University of Pennsylvania for analysis. Handlers completed medical and training histories and a canine behavioral survey.Results—Deployed dogs were older and had more search experience than control dogs. Serum concentrations of globulin and bilirubin and activity of alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in deployed dogs, independent of age and training. Despite significant differences in several blood parameters, values for both groups were within reference ranges. No pulmonary abnormalities were detected on radiographs, and no significant differences in behavior or medical history were detected between groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Within the first year following the September 11 attacks, there was no evidence that responding dogs developed adverse effects related to their work. Mild but significantly higher serum concentrations of globulin and bilirubin and activity of alkaline phosphatase in deployed dogs suggested higher antigen or toxin exposure. These dogs will be monitored for delayed effects for at least 3 years. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:861–867)
Determination of the dosage of clomipramine for the treatment of urine spraying in cats
Authors: King Jonathan N. , Steffan Jean , Heath Sarah E. , Simpson Barbara S. , Crowell-Davis Sharon L. , Harrington Louise J. M. , Weiss Alain-Bernard , Seewald Wolfgang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the optimal dosage of clomipramine for the treatment of urine spraying in cats.Design—Randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial.Animals—67 neutered cats.Procedure—Cats with a minimum 1-month history of spraying urine against vertical surfaces at least twice per week were randomly assigned to be treated with a placebo or with clomipramine at a dosage of 0.125 to 0.25 mg/kg (0.057 to 0.11 mg/lb), 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg (0.11 to 0.23 mg/lb), or 0.5 to 1 mg/kg (0.23 to 0.45 mg/lb), PO, every 24 hours for up to 12 weeks. Owners of all cats were given information on behavioral treatment and environmental modification.Results—Prior to treatment, mean number of urine spraying events ranged from 0.9 to 1.3 urine spraying events/d for the 4 groups, and mean percentage of days with urine spraying events ranged from 62% to 69%. All 3 dosages of clomipramine were associated with significant reductions in frequency of urine spraying. Sedation was the most common adverse effect and was identified in 27 of the 50 cats treated with clomipramine; however, treatment was not discontinued in any cat because of sedation.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggest that compared with a placebo, clomipramine significantly reduces the frequency of urine spraying in cats in terms of the number of urine spraying events per day and the number of days with urine spraying events. For cats with urine spraying, the recommended initial dosage of clomipramine is 0.25 to 0.5 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:881–887)