bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Reactions to Oxidized Titanium Implants with Electrochemical Anion Sulphuric Acid and Phosphoric Acid Incorporation
Authors: Sul Young‐Taeg , Johansson Carina B. , Kang Yunmo , Jeon Dong‐Gyun , Albrektsson Tomas 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: The importance of the surface properties of implants for a successful osseointegration has been emphasized. It is generally known that bone response to implant surfaces is considerably related to the various surface properties. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate bone tissue reactions to multifactorial biocompatibility of the surface oxide of electrochemically oxidized titanium implants. The ultimate objective was to improve surface quality, resulting in enhancement of clinical outcomes of osseointegrated implants. Materials and Methods: Three different surface types of commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) implants were prepared. Turned implants were used for controls and test implants were prepared by the micro arc oxidation (MAO) method, either in sulphuric acid (S implants) or in phosphoric acid (P implants). Implants were inserted in the femur and tibia of 10 mature New Zealand White rabbits. The bone response was evaluated by biomechanical tests, histology, and histomorphometry. The follow‐up time was 6 weeks. Results: The mean peak values of the removal torque showed significant differences between control and test S implants (p =.022) but showed no significant differences between control and test P implants (p =.195) or between test S and test P implants (p =.457). In addition, the histomorphometric comparisons of the bone‐to‐metal contact around entire implants demonstrated 186% increase in S implants (p =.028) and 232% increase in P implants (p =.028) compared with the paired control groups. Quantification of the bone area in the threads did not show any significant differences. Conclusions: The present results suggest that the primary mode of action in strong bone response to S implants is mechanical interlocking, and to P implants, it is biochemical interaction. It is possible that the phosphate groups in the titanium oxide of P implants provide potential chemical bonding sites for calcium ions and hydroxyapatite of the bone matrix during biologic mineralization.
Precision Surgical Template for Implant Placement: A New Systematic Approach
Authors: Wat Peter Y. P. , Chow Tak W. , Luk Henry W. K. , Comfort Margaret B. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe importance of a precise surgical template for implant placement cannot be overstated. The radiographic template carries both clinical and radiographic information for the planning of fixture angulation and location. This article describes a systematic approach to the fabrication of a dual‐purpose radiographic surgical template. The simple steps result in the accurate transfer of radiographic information to the surgical template with no need for complex equipment or maneuvers.
Effect of Barrier Membranes and Autologous Bone Grafts on Ridge Width Preservation Around Implants
Authors: Becker William , Hujoel Philippe , Becker Burton E. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of barrier membranes and autologous bone grafts on the preservation of ridge width around implants. Materials and Methods: Sixty‐one patients were chosen from a database of case series; treatment assignment was based on clinical judgment. The patients received a total of 76 implants:34 implants with guided tissue regeneration procedures, 27 with autologous bone grafts, and 15 without ridge preservation procedures (control group). Results: The ridge width around the 76 implants decreased an average of 1.4 mm (95% CI, ‐1.9 to‐1.1 mm). Implants placed with autologous bone grafts or membranes tended to have worse outcomes. When compared to the no augmentation group, implants placed with guided tissue regeneration and autologous bone grafts resulted in 0.1 mm of additional bone loss (95% CI, ‐1.7 to ‐1.5 mm; p <.93) and 0.8 mm of additional bone loss (95% CI, ‐2.3 to 0.7 mm; p <.28), respectively. Conclusions: Autologous graft procedures or barrier membranes do not appear to improve crestal ridge preservation around implants.
Imaging Technique Selection for the Preoperative Planning of Oral Implants: A Review of the Literature
Authors: BouSerhal Charbel , Jacobs Reinhilde , Quirynen Marc , van Steenberghe Daniel 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: As the use of oral implants for the treatment of partially as well as fully edentulous patients has increased the past two decades, more specialized radiographie techniques have become available for the preoperative planning of oral implant placement. Purpose: The goal of this article was to enable clinicians to select the appropriate imaging techniques when planning for oral implants. Materials and Methods: This article reviews the available literature about various imaging techniques and their indication for the preoperative planning of oral implants. The advantages and drawbacks of each technique are described. A dosimet‐ric overview is given relative to different radiologie techniques used in various clinical situations. Results: For preoperative planning of implant placement, advantages and drawbacks of the available imaging techniques have been considered, which allows guidelines for image technique selection to be formulated based on the clinical situation provided, considering the diagnostic yield of each technique and the radiation doses involved. Conclusions: From the available literature, it can be stated that many clinical situations demand the use of cross‐sectional imaging techniques for optimal preoperative planning of implant placement. Nevertheless, such techniques are not required in cases in which the clinical examination reveals sufficient bone width and where standard radiographie examinations, such as intraoral and panoramic radiography, reveal adequate bone height and space for implant placement.
Prospective Follow‐Up Study of 95 Patients with Edentulous Mandibles Treated According to the Branemark Novum Concept
Authors: Engstrand Per , Grondahl Kerstin , Öhrnell Lars‐Olof , Nilsson Peter , Nannmark Ulf , Branemark Per‐Ingvar 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: The long‐term predictability reported with the traditional two‐staged Brånemark method has led to developments aimed at simplifying the technique and reducing healing time. Results from a pilot study using the Brånemark Novum concept are promising, and it has been shown possible to fabricate and deliver an implant‐supported fixed prosthesis to the patient on the day of surgery. Purpose: The objective of this study is to report clinical and radiographic outcomes in a group of patients treated according to the Brånemark Novum concept. Materials and Methods: Ninety‐five patients with edentulous mandibles were consecutively included in the study. Three specially designed fixtures were placed in each patient (285 fixtures in total) using drilling templates. The fixtures were immediately splinted with a prefabricated substructure, and fixed prostheses were delivered the same day in 67% of the patients. For the rest, prosthesis delivery ranged from 1 to 40 days (mean 5.6 d). Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed after 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and then annually. The follow‐up time was 1 to 5 years (mean 2.5 yr). Results: The cumulative prosthesis survival rate was 99%. Eighteen fixtures (6.3%) failed in 13 patients. Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates demonstrated a probability implant survival at 1 year of 95.0% (94 patients), at 3 years of 93.3% (47 patients), and at 5 years of 93.3% (9 patients). The mean bone loss was 0.73 mm between the examinations at 3 months and 1 year, 0.16 mm during the second year, and 0.13 mm annually during years 3 to 5. Conclusions: Comparable results, related to continuous prosthesis stability, were shown for the Novum approach compared with the traditional two‐staged procedure. Survival of individual fixtures is lower when immediate loading is applied.
Efficiency of Immediately Loaded Mandibular Full‐Arch Implant Restorations
Authors: Chee Winston , Jivraj Sajid 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: The concept of immediately loading dental implants in fully edentulous patients offers patients many benefits, including the ability to eat post placement and improved comfort during healing. This approach may also minimize the number of patient visits when compared with the traditional approach of implant placement and healing over a 3‐ to 4‐month healing period. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the number of treatment visits for patients undergoing traditional implant placement and healing with that of patients receiving immediate implant loading prior to construction of the definitive prostheses. Materials and Methods: This case series evaluated two patient groups. Group 1 consisted of seven patients who were edentulous in the mandible. After implant placement, the implants were covered by oral mucosa during 3 to 4 months of healing. During this time patients wore relined mandibular dentures. Group 2 consisted of seven patients who had their implants immediately loaded with fixed prostheses on the day of implant placement. Results: The implants in both groups were integrated successfully; however, the number of patient visits between implant placement and construction of the definitive prostheses was 38 in the conventionally loaded group and 1 in the immediately loaded group. Conclusions: The group with immediate loading required significantly fewer postoperative visits compared with the conventionally loaded group.
Influence of Demineralized Bone Matrix's Embryonic Origin on Bone Formation: An Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Stavropoulos Andreas , Kostopoulos Lambros , Mardas Nicolaos , Karring Thorkild 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: There are results suggesting that differences regarding bone‐inducing potential, in terms of amount and/or rate of bone formation, exist between demineralized bone matrices (DBMs) of different embryonic origins. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine whether the embryonic origin of DBM affects bone formation when used as an adjunct to guided tissue regeneration (GTR). Materials and Methods: Endomembranous (EM) and endochondral (ECH) DBMs were produced from calvarial and long bones of rats, respectively. Prior to the study the osteoinductive properties of the DBMs were confirmed in six rats following intramuscular implantation. Following surgical exposure of the mandibular ramus, a rigid hemispheric Teflon capsule loosely packed with a standardized quantity of DBM was placed with its open part facing the lateral surface of the ramus in both sides of the jaw in 30 rats. In one side of the jaw, chosen at random, the capsule was filled with EM‐DBM, whereas in the other side ECH‐DBM was used. Groups of 10 animals were sacrificed after healing periods of 1, 2, and 4 months, and undecalcified sections of the capsules were produced and subjected to histologic analysis and computer‐assisted planimetric measurements. Results: During the experiment increasing amounts of newly formed bone were observed inside the capsules in both sides of the animals' jaws. Limited bone formation was observed in the 1‐ and 2‐month specimens, but after 4 months of healing, the newly formed bone in the ECH‐DBM grafted sides occupied 59.1% (range 45.6–74.7%) of the area created by the capsule versus 46.9% (range 23.0–64.0%) in the EM‐DBM grafted sides (p =.01). Conclusion: It is concluded that the embryonic origin of DBM influences bone formation by GTR and that ECH‐DBM is superior to EM‐DBM.
Immediately Loaded Bar‐Connected Implants with an Anodized Surface Inserted in the Anterior Mandible in a Patient Treated with Diphosphonates for Osteoporosis: A Case Report with a 12‐Month Follow‐Up
Authors: Degidi Marco , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: It has been suggested that tooth loss is greater in the osteoporotic patient population. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature about the use of dental implants in patients with osteoporosis. Diphosphonates are stable analogs of pyrophosphate, a physiologic regulator of calcification and bone resorption. Multiple implant failures have been reported in a patient undergoing treatment with diphosphonates. Recently, several clinical and experimental reports have shown that immediate loading of dental implants is possible in selected situations. Purpose: The aim of this case report was to present the clinical outcome of immediate loading of implants in a patient undergoing diphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: In a 65‐year‐old patient undergoing diphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis, four implants were inserted in the anterior mandible. The implants were connected with a bar supporting an overdenture and were then loaded the same day. Results: No problems occurred in the postoperative period. At 1‐year follow‐up, all four of the implants appeared to be clinically osseointegrated, and no mobility was present. Minimal bone resorption was present around all implants. Conclusions: Our case report points to the fact that, contrary to what has been reported in the literature, it is possible to successfully insert and load immediately after surgery dental implants in a patient undergoing diphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis
A 5‐Year Prospective Study of Single‐Tooth Replacements Supported by the Astra Tech® Implant: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Implant‐supported single‐tooth replacements are an increasingly used method to replace teeth, especially in young patients. Therefore, long‐term validation of different treatment modalities with different implant systems is of great importance.Purpose:The aim of the present study was to make a biologic, technical, and aesthetic evaluation of single‐tooth replacement supported by the Astra Tech® implant (Astra Tech AB, Mölndal, Sweden) during a 5‐year period.Materials and Methods:Twenty patients were divided into two consecutively treated groups. In group A the implants were placed “early” in the extraction sockets, and standard single‐tooth abutments were used. In group B the implants were placed “delayed,” and preparable abutments were used. Clinical examinations including registration of plaque, bleeding, crown lengths, soft tissue marginal level, papilla height, complications, and radiography were performed yearly. At the 3‐year control examination the patient and a dentist evaluated aesthetic appearance with a visual analog scale.Results:An implant survival rate of 100% and a crown survival rate of 95% over a period of 5 years were found. The mean loss of marginal bone adjacent to implants and neighboring teeth was less than 0.5 mm during the 5‐year period, and there was no significant difference after crown placement between the treatment modality for group A and that for B. There were fewer clinical complications and repairs in group B than in group A. Soft tissue dimensions were more natural around implant crowns in group B as compared to group A, but this was not reflected in the patients' satisfaction with aesthetic appearance. On the other hand the dentist judged the restorations in group B higher concerning aesthetics than in group A.Conclusion:Implant‐supported single‐tooth replacement with the Astra Tech system is a reliable treatment resulting in a good 5‐year prognosis and only few complications.
Five‐Year Survival Distributions of Short‐Length (10 mm or less) Machined‐Surfaced and Osseotite® Implants
Authors: Feldman Sylvan , Boitel Nicolas , Weng Dietmar , Kohles Sean S. , Stach Renée M. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:In cases of reduced alveolar bone height, implants of short length (10 mm or less) may be employed although there is a perceived risk that because of their small stature they will be unable to tolerate occlusal loads and will fail to osseointegrate.Purpose:This report describes an analysis of prospective multicenter clinical studies evaluating the risk for failure of short‐length implants, comparing dual acid‐etched (DAE) Osseotite® implants (Implant Innovations, Inc., Palm Beach Gardens, FL, USA) to machined‐surfaced implants.Materials and Methods:Admission criteria were the same for both data sets. Baseline variables of demographics including age, gender and smoking status, bone quality, location, implant dimensions, and types of prostheses were compared to ensure balance among groups. Cumulative survival rates (CSRs) were calculated with the Kaplan‐Meier estimator.Results:The implant data included 2,294 implants for the DAE series and 2,597 implants for the machined‐surfaced series. Patient demographics showed similar percentages of occurrence for all variables. The distributions of implants between short‐ and standard‐length data sets for baseline variables including width, location, and restorative type were similar, qualifying these data sets for comparison of the independent variable of length. Overall, there was a 2.2% difference in 5‐year CSRs between the machined‐surfaced short‐ and the standard‐length implants. For these implants a 7.1% difference was observed in the posterior maxilla and an 8.5% difference in the anterior maxilla. For DAE implants the overall difference between “standards” and “shorts” was 0.7%, which is not statistically significant.Conclusion:In this analysis the difference in CSRs between short‐ and standard‐length implants was greater for machined‐surfaced implants than for DAE implants.
Some Biomechanical and Histologic Characteristics of Early‐Loaded Locking Pin and Expandable Implants: A Pilot Histologic Canine Study
Authors: Huré Guy , Aguado Eric , Grizon Florence , Baslé Michel‐Félix , Chappard Daniel 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:A two‐stage approach with a 3‐ to 6‐month healing period is recommended for the “conventional” osseointegration technique with oral implants. This may induce inconvenience and discomfort for patients, and immediate early loading protocols are preferable.Purpose:To compare a new type of implant with two locking pins, designed to allow immediate loading, with an expandable implant design with regard to bone tissue response and implant stability.Materials and Methods:The molars and premolars of two beagle dogs were extracted in the mandible, and two types of implants (an apically expandable implant and a locking pin implant) were immediately placed in the sockets. The dogs received at least four implants (two of each type) in each side of the mandible. Implants were loaded with gold‐palladium bridges 15 days later. The loaded implants were left for 3 months, and the dogs were sacrificed. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was performed at placement and sacrifice. Ground sections for histomorphometry were produced for each implant.Results:Implant stability as measured by RFA was similar for the two types of implants before healing. At termination of the study, stability was higher for the locking pin implants. Bone histomorphometry showed that both types of implant were anchored by the same amount of bone and that bone‐titanium interfaces did not differ.Conclusion:The locking pin implant showed better secondary stability than did the expandable implant, probably because of a better transmission of strains to bone.
Using Opaquers under Direct Composite Resin Veneers: An Illustrated Review of the Technique
Authors: FELIPPE LUÍS ANTÔNIO , MONTEIRO SYLVIO , BARATIERI LUIZ NARCISO , ANDRADA MAURO AMARAL CALDEIRA de , RITTER ANDRÉ VICENTE 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTIn restorative dentistry direct composite resin materials can be used to conservatively resolve many esthetic problems. Opaque resins are often necessary to mask discolorations and/or dark backgrounds when restoring anterior teeth. This article presents a direct composite resin veneer technique using opaquers. Potential problems with the tone of restorations after the use of opaquers are discussed. Advantages, limitations, and the clinical technique are presented. Training, as well as attention to the technique, contributes to an acceptable result.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEResinous opaquers can be used as a valid adjunct to the direct composite resin veneer technique when conservatively restoring dark teeth.
Ceramic Inlays and Onlays: Clinical Procedures for Predictable Results
Authors: FILHO ALFREDO MEYER , VIEIRA LUIZ CLOVIS CARDOSO , ARAUJO ÉLITO , BARATIERI LUIZ NARCISO 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe use of ceramics as restorative materials has increased substantially in the past two decades. This trend can be attributed to the greater interest of patients and dentists in this esthetic and long‐lasting material, and to the ability to effectively bond metal‐free ceramic restorations to tooth structure using acid‐etch techniques and adhesive cements. The purpose of this article is to review the pertinent literature on ceramic systems, direct internal buildup materials, and adhesive cements. Current clinical procedures for the planning, preparation, impression, and bonding of ceramic inlays and onlays are also briefly reviewed. A representative clinical case is presented, illustrating the technique.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEWhen posterior teeth are weakened owing to the need for wide cavity preparations, the success of direct resin‐based composites is compromised. In these clinical situations, ceramic inlays/onlays can be used to achieve esthetic, durable, and biologically compatible posterior restorations.
Esthetic Correction of Anterior Dental Malalignment: Conventional versus Instant (Restorative) Orthodontics
Authors: SPEAR FRANK M. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTOver the past 20 years since its introduction, adhesive dentistry has suffered, at times, from overuse, particularly in patients with problems of malalignment for which conventional orthodontics would once have been used. The purpose of this article is to create a “flow sheet” to aid decision making regarding whether conventional orthodontics should be used, and what the limitations of treating a patient are if treatment is performed without any orthodontics.
In Situ Effect of 10% Carbamide Peroxide on Resin‐Dentin Bond Strengths: A Novel Pilot Study
Authors: MIGUEL LUIZ C. , BARATIERI LUIZ N. , Jr SYLVIO MONTEIR. , RITTER ANDRÉ V. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose::This pilot study used a novel study design to evaluate the effect of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on the bond strength of a resin‐based composite system to dentin.Materials and Methods:Dentin disks were obtained from human third molars, polished to 600 grit, and mounted on the palatal aspect of a removable orthodontic retainer. Two disks were exposed to a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel for 2 h/d for 21 days, whereas two disks were not treated and served as controls. A retainer was worn by the participant regardless of whether bleaching was used, simulating the action of the saliva/oral fluids on the dentin specimens. After the treatment phase, the dentin disks were retrieved and a resin‐based composite system was applied to the specimens following manufacturer's instructions. Composite dentin “sticks” were obtained and tested in microtensile mode. Bond strength values were obtained for treated (n = 20) versus nontreated (n = 26) dentin and were analyzed statistically.Results:Mean bond strengths values (SD) were 29.9 MPa (6.2) and 39.2 MPa (5.8) for treated and nontreated dentin specimens, respectively (p < < .001).Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that nightguard (home) bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide for 2 h/d for 21 days significantly affects resin‐den tin bond strengths when dentin is exposed to bleaching material.