bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K Deficiency From Long-Term Warfarin Anticoagulation Does Not Alter Skeletal Status in Male Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Binkley Neil , Krueger Diane , Engelke Jean , Suttie John 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Vitamin K (K) inadequacy may cause bone loss. Thus, K deficiency induced by anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) may be an osteoporosis risk factor. The skeletal impact of long-term warfarin anticoagulation was evaluated in male monkeys. No effect on BMD or bone markers of skeletal turnover was observed. This study suggests that warfarin-induced K deficiency does not have skeletal effects.
Introduction: The skeletal role of vitamin K (K) remains unclear. It is reasonable that a potential role of vitamin K in bone health could be elucidated by study of patients receiving oral anticoagulants that act to produce vitamin K deficiency. However, some, but not all, reports find K deficiency induced by warfarin (W) anticoagulation to be associated with low bone mass. Additionally, epidemiologic studies have found W use to be associated with either increased or no change in fracture risk. Such divergent results may imply that human studies are compromised by the physical illnesses for which W was prescribed.
Materials and Methods: To remove this potential confounder, we prospectively assessed skeletal status during long-term W anticoagulation of healthy nonhuman primates. Twenty adult (age, 7.4–17.9 yr, mean, 11.7 yr) male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were randomized to daily W treatment or control groups. Bone mass of the total body, lumbar spine, and distal and central radius was determined by DXA at baseline and after 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 30 mo of W treatment. Serum chemistries, urinary calcium excretion, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and total and percent unbound osteocalcin were measured at the same time-points. Prothrombin time and international normalized ratio (INR) were monitored monthly. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured at the time of study conclusion.
Results: W treatment produced skeletal K deficiency documented by elevation of circulating undercarboxylated osteocalcin (8.3% W versus 0.4% control, p &lt; 0.0001) but did not alter serum markers of skeletal turnover, urinary calcium excretion, or BMD.
Conclusions: In male rhesus monkeys, long-term W anticoagulation does not alter serum markers of bone turnover or BMD. Long-term W therapy does not have adverse skeletal consequences in primates with high intakes of calcium and vitamin D.
A novel amphibian tier 2 testing protocol: A 30-week exposure of Xenopus tropicalis to the antiandrogen flutamide
Authors: Knechtges Paul L. , Sprando Robert L. , Porter Karen L. , Brennan Linda M. , Miller Mark F. , Kumsher David M. , Dennis William E. , Brown Charles C. , Clegg Eric D. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
In 1996, the U.S. Congress mandated the development of a screening program for endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) using validated test systems. Subsequently, the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee recommended the development of a standardized amphibian assay for tier 2 testing of EDCs. For that reason, a tier 2 testing protocol using Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis and a 30-week, flow-through exposure to the antiandrogen flutamide from stage 46 tadpoles through sexually mature adult frogs were developed and evaluated in this pilot study. The endpoints for this study included measurements of frog body lengths and weights, liver weights, ovary/egg mass weights, testicular and ovarian histopathology, plasma vitellogenin levels, and notes on any abnormalities observed at necropsy. Increasing exposure concentrations to flutamide caused significant increases in frogs with no recognizable gonadal tissue and increased body and liver weights in male frogs, whereas the body lengths and weights decreased significantly in female frogs. Important issues must be resolved before a tier 2 amphibian assay can be further developed and validated, including the establishment of baseline values in the controls for the parameters under study; the maintenance, measurement, and timing of exposure concentrations; and the development of additional biomolecular markers of effect. This study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting long-term EDC exposure studies using X. tropicalis.
Effects of methamidophos on the predating behavior of Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall) (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Authors: Deng Lingling , Dai Jiayin , Cao Hong , Xu Muqi 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The effects of an organophosphorous insecticide, methamidophos, on the pest control potential of the spider Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall) (Araneae: Linyphiidae) were investigated in the laboratory with the fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen). The influence of methamidophos on predation by H. graminicola was very obvious in female spiders, which preyed on fewer prey in the 8 h after exposure to the insecticide but subsequently recovered. On the other hand, the predation rates in male spiders were not affected by the insecticide within 24 h of treatment. However, a 10% lethal dose (LD10) of methamidophos resulted in an enhanced predation rate per day for male spiders, whereas a 50% lethal dose reduced the predation rate. In addition, it was shown that the functional response of H. graminicola to the fruit fly was a type II response, and the type of functional response of insecticide-treated females changed from type II to type I, with no change in the response of male spiders. The attack rate of males treated with the LD10 dosage of insecticide was significantly higher than the controls, which suggests that the insecticide stimulates the performance of spiders. Prey utilization of males treated with low doses of insecticide was lower than the control, which indicates that the insecticide did not result in these spiders eating more prey, but killing more.
Genistein inhibits the contact-stimulated migration of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Miękus Katarzyna , Madeja Zbigniew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of several epidemiological studies have suggested that a soybean-based diet is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. We investigated the effect of the soy isoflavone genistein on the proliferation and contact-stimulated migration of rat prostatic carcinoma MAT-LyLu and AT-2 cell lines. Genistein almost completely inhibited the growth of both MAT-LyLu and AT-2 cells in the concentration range from 25 to 100 μM, but the addition of 1 μM genistein to the medium significantly stimulated the proliferation of both cell lines. Additionally, at concentrations above 25 μM, genistein showed a potent cytotoxic effect. However, the central finding of this study is that at physiologically relevant concentrations (1 μM and 10 μM), genistein inhibits the motility of prostate cancer cells stimulated by homo-and heterotypic contacts. These results show that at physiological concentrations, genistein exerts an inhibitory effect on the migration of prostate cancer cells and suggest that it may be one of the factors responsible for the anti-metastatic activity of plant isoflavonoids
Crystallization effects on autoclave foaming of polycarbonate using supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Mascia L. , Re G. Del , Ponti P. P. , Bologna S. , Giacomo G. Di , Haworth B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, the conditions leading to the formation of cells and to the onset of crystallization of polycarbonate were examined with the use of supercritical carbon dioxide for the production of foams from preforms. Small plaques cut from extruded sheets were treated with supercritical carbon dioxide in an autoclave at temperatures varying from 60 to 200°C and from 4.5 to 30 MPa pressure. Visual observations and stereoscan electron microscopy examination revealed that penetration of supercritical carbon dioxide takes place via the advancing layer mechanism and that, for the particular grade of polycarbonate used in this study, the nucleation of the cells can take place at temperatures as low as 60°C. It requires, however, long treatment times and high pressures, and the growth of foam cells is severely restricted. Nucleation and growth of cells occurred much more readily at somewhat higher temperatures. With treatments at around 80°C, the onset of crystallization started to impose considerable hindrance to the formation of uniform and evenly distributed cells. This becomes increasingly evident at higher temperatures, between 100 and 180°C, owing to the formation of large spherulitic crystalline domains. A very effective nucleation and growth mechanism for the formation of cells was obtained, on the other hand, with treatments at 200°C due to the absence of crystallization phenomena. The degree of crystallinity increased with increasing treatment temperature, and the resulting morphology gave rise to two broad melting peaks. These are displaced to higher temperatures and become closer, merging into one peak with a low‐temperature shoulder. These events were monitored by thermal analysis and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction examinations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25:225–235, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20075
Three‐dimensional numerical simulation of injection mold filling with a finite‐volume method and parallel computing
Authors: Zhou Jian , Turng Lih‐Sheng 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a finite‐volume approach with a hybrid flexible distributed/shared memory parallel programming model to simulate the injection mold filling process. The simulation program deals with a three‐dimensional nonisothermal, non‐Newtonian flow with moving interfaces. The finite‐volume method is implemented to solve the governing equations, while a compressive interface capturing scheme for arbitrary meshes (CICSAM) is used to track the advancing melt fronts. For parallel computing, the program implements the “greedy algorithm'' as the domain decomposition method to distribute the computational work equally among the different computational nodes, and the message passing interface is used to communicate and exchange information between the computational nodes. For the symmetric multiprocessing nodes, OpenMP directives are integrated in the application's loop constructions. This approach effectively improved the solution efficiency in terms of computational time and accuracy. Three‐dimensional mold filling examples, which were used to verify and validate the numerical implementation and to demonstrate its performance and capabilities, are presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25:247–258, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20076
Numerical prediction and experimental validation of viscoelastic annular swell
Authors: Huang Han‐Xiong , Miao Yan‐Sheng , Li Dong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBoth swell and sag determine the parison dimensions in a viscoelastic annular extrusion. So, it is highly desirable to be able to predict the swell of an annular parison under the effect of sag during its extrusion. Numerical simulations on the parison extrusion at the conditions corresponding to industrial blow molding applications were carried out by adopting a finite element method and the Kaye–Bernstein–Kearsley–Zapas (K‐BKZ)‐type constitutive equation in the present work. Five dies were used to study the effect of die geometry (mainly die inclination angle) on the parison swells. The results show that the swellings continue to increase with increasing die inclination angle, which is explained according to stress distributions and exit pressure in the die. Reasons for the difference between the numerically predicted and the experimentally measured swells are analyzed. Then, the sensitivity of the predicted swells to the values of material constants appearing in the K‐BKZ model is examined. It is suggested that the material constants should be chosen in accordance with the die geometry to reflect its contribution to the shear and extensional deformation of the polymer melt inside the die. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25:259–269, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20077
Microwave‐assisted depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) [PET] at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Nikje Mir Mohammad Alavi , Nazari Fatemeh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted hydroglycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) using an excess of methanol, ethanol, 1‐butanol, 1‐pentanol, and 1‐hexanol in the presence of different simple basic catalysts, namely, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, and zinc acetate, is reported. Reactions were performed at short times without any side reactions, namely, oxidation of ethylene glycol. The products terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol were obtained in their pure form with sufficiently high yields with potassium hydroxide. The purified product was characterized by IR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The process of hydroglycolysis reported here is economically viable since yields of recycled products are high, and it has potential for further improvement to produce useful products. This process is of economic interest because much of the raw materials can be recovered and used for virgin PET resin synthesis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25:242–246, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20080
Acquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia: Report of a single case treated with mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Bulchandani Deepti , Nachnani Jagdish , Belt Robert , Hinton Stuart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcquired pure megakaryocytic aplasia (APMA) is a rare disorder in the field of hematological diseases. We report the case of a patient with APMA treated with mycophenolate mofetil and review the literature associated with this. Until today, very few cases of APMA have been reported and the disease etiology still seems to be unclear. There have been no reported cases of treatment of APMA treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HLA Genes associated with rheumatoid Arthritis. Identification of susceptibility alleles using specific oligonucleotide probes
Authors: Nepom Gerald T. , Byers Patricia , Seyfried Christine , Healey Louis A. , Wilske Kenneth R. , Stage David , Nepom Barbara S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined the association of individual HLA genes with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using oligonucleotide probes that identified both DR4‐associated and non–DR4‐associated genes. Two distinct HLA–DRβ alleles (Dw4 and Dw14) were found in DR4+ RA patients compared with controls (Dw4 50% versus 17%; Dw14 35% versus 5%; total DR4 73% versus 30%), indicating that these 2 alleles are independent susceptibility genes. Remarkably, the majority of the DR4– RA patients also demonstrated a linear DNA sequence, apparently “shuffled” between different susceptibility alleles, identified with an oligonucleotide probe to a key portion of the Dw14 gene.
Infectious complications of cyclophosphamide treatment for vasculitis
Authors: Bradley John D. , Brandt Kenneth D. , Katz Barry P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifteen patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa, or isolated angiitis of the central nervous system were treated with cyclophosphamide according to a widely used regimen. Seventeen clinical episodes of infection were observed over 201 patient‐months of cyclophosphamide therapy, and 2 patients died of pneumonia. Notably, neither the incidence of leukopenia nor the dosage or duration of cyclophosphamide or corticosteroid therapy correlated well with infection, which occurred most frequently in men over 60 years of age. Patients with Wegener's granulomatosis appeared to be at greater risk of infection than those with the other forms of vasculitis. These results suggest that this treatment regimen may not be as safe as was previously thought.
Racial differences in antinuclear antibody patterns and clinical manifestations of scleroderma
Authors: McNeilage L. Jane , Youngchaiyud Uriwan , Whittingham Senga 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe profile of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in 49 Thais with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) was compared with that in 68 white Australians with scleroderma. Forty‐eight (98%) of the Thais and all (100%) of the white Australians were positive for ANA, with the majority (100% and 97%, respectively) showing a diffuse speckled pattern of nuclear fluorescence. The distribution of the patterns was different in the 2 races; 35 (71%) of the Thais and 17 (25%) of the Australians showed staining of the nucleolus, and 1 (2%) of the Thais and 35 (51%) of the Australians showed staining of the centromeres. The frequency of precipitating antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens was also strikingly different: 86% in Thais and 26% in Australians (P < 0.001). Precipitating antibodies to Scl‐70 (topoisomerase I), the predominant extractable nuclear antigen in patients with scleroderma, were detected in 37 (76%) of the Thais and 18 (26%) of the Australians, and these were shown by Western blotting to react with the Scl‐70 (topoisomerase I)–associated polypeptides. Differences in the frequencies of the ANA specificities in the 2 races were consistent with differences in the clinical manifestations of scleroderma; all of the Thai patients, in contrast to 15% of the Australian patients, had diffuse scleroderma with widespread skin involvement. This suggests that environmental or genetic factors may influence the expression of scleroderma.
A double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of auranofin in patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Carette Simon , Calin Andrei , McCafferty Jim P. , Wallin Bruce A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo hundred thirty‐eight patients with psoriatic arthritis were entered into a 6‐month, multicenter, double‐blind trial comparing auranofin and placebo. Polyarthritis (>5 tender joints) was present in 90% of the patients, and 94% were seronegative. Auranofin treatment was statistically superior to placebo treatment, according to physician's global assessment and functional scores. A trend in favor of auranofin treatment was seen for each of the other disease parameters studied. Psoriasis worsened in 6 auranofin‐treated patients and in 3 placebo‐treated patients. The incidence and nature of other side effects were similar to those observed in similar trials of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Our observations suggest that the use of auranofin in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis is safe, although its therapeutic advantage over treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs alone is modest.
Protective effects of corticosteroids on cartilage lesions and osteophyte formation in the pond‐nuki dog model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Pelletier Jean‐Pierre , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vivo effects of corticosteroids on osteoarthritic (OA) lesions were examined in 12 dogs in which the anterior cruciate ligament had been sectioned. Six were treated with oral prednisone and 6 were treated with intraarticular (IA) injections of triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH), at surgery and 4 weeks later. Twelve other operated dogs received no treatment. All dogs were killed 8 weeks postsurgery. Four of 15 normal control dogs received IA TH injections. Operated untreated dogs developed significant cartilage lesions on the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus with prominent osteophytes. Operated dogs treated orally or with IA injections had a significant reduction in osteophyte size. Cartilage erosions on femoral condyles were observed in 25% of the untreated dogs, 8% of the dogs receiving oral prednisone, and none of the dogs receiving IA TH. In both groups of treated dogs, the size of the tibial plateau lesions was significantly reduced compared with the operated untreated dogs. Histologically, corticosteroids significantly reduced the severity of OA structural changes of the cartilage on both medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus in operated animals, with the exception of the lateral plateaus of those treated orally. In electron microscopy studies, we found no evidence of increased cell degeneration or death associated with steroids. IA corticosteroids had no deleterious effects on normal articular cartilage. These results indicate that glucocorticoids administered orally or intraarticularly are effective against the development of OA lesions in this model.
Correlation of anti‐Ro antibody with photosensitivity rash in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Mond Chaim B. , Peterson Margaret G. E. , Rothfield Naomi F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied 131 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to determine the relationship between the presence of anti‐Ro antibody in these patients and specific manifestations of SLE. There was a significant correlation between anti‐Ro and photosensitivity rash in SLE patients, regardless of the type of rash. No significant association was found between anti‐Ro and other SLE criteria or between anti‐Ro and demographic variables.
Reduced numbers of complement receptor type 1 on erythrocytes are associated with increased levels of anticardiolipin antibodies. Findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Hammond Anthony , Rudge Andrew C. , Loizou Sozos , Bowcock Stella J. , Walport Mark J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn several diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune hemolytic anemias, the numbers of complement receptor type 1 (CR1) expressed on erythrocytes of patients are reduced. In patients with SLE, anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) have been associated with positive results on direct antiglobulin tests. Because of these findings, we investigated whether the reduced expression of erythrocyte CR1 in 61 patients (53 with SLE and 8 with the antiphospholipid syndrome) might be associated with the presence of aCL. A negative correlation was observed between aCL levels and mean numbers of CR1 (rs = −0.43, P = 0.001), and a positive correlation was observed between aCL levels and the levels of erythrocyte C4d and C3d (rs = 0.33 and 0.41, P = 0.01 and 0.001, respectively), but no correlation of aCL levels with serum C4 levels was found. When the results were further analyzed according to the IgG or IgM class of aCL, levels of antibodies of both classes were negatively correlated with CR1 numbers, but only IgM aCL levels were correlated with erythrocyte C4d and C3d numbers. The levels of anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibodies showed no correlation with erythrocyte CR1, C4d, or C3d numbers but were negatively correlated with serum C4 levels (rs = −0.43, P = 0.002). These data suggest that aCL, or a closely related antibody specificity, may bind to erythrocytes and may be directly involved in the mechanism for reduction of erythrocyte CR1 expression in SLE patients.