bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cingulate Sulcus Sign: A Descriptive Analysis in a Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Population
Authors: Li Weishuai , Zheng Dongming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The cingulate sulcus sign (CSS) has been observed in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), suggesting potential disruptions in cerebrospinal fluid circulation and compromised glymphatic system. Although there are similarities in the underlying mechanisms between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and iNPH, the relationship between CSS and CSVD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and potential mechanisms of CSS in patients with CSVD.Data from patients diagnosed with CSVD at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 2020 and October 2022 were retrospectively collected, including general information and four CSVD magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers(white matter hyperintensity (WMH), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), lacunes, and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), CSS and the Evan index (EI). A total of 308 patients were included, and CSS was detected in 80 patients (26%). Multivariable analysis showed an independent correlation between CSS and the presence of lacunes (odds ratio [OR] 0.347, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.187–0.645, p = 0.001), the presence of lobar dominant CMBs (OR 2.741, 95%CI 1.416–5.308, p = 0.003), the periventricular WMH Fazekas score (OR 1.752, 95% CI 1.174–2.615, p = 0.006), and EI (0.25–0.3; OR 4.293, 95% CI 2.311–7.976, p < 0.001, reference group < 0.25).This preliminary study showed that CSS can be observed in some patients with CSVD. The presence of CSS may represent different mechanisms of CSVD pathogenesis and reflect differences in the degree of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/interstitial fluid (ISF) stasis.
Do We Teach Environmental Education The Way We Should? A Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of Science Subject Text Books
Authors: Soomro Raja Bahar Khan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Environmental education (EE) plays a crucial role in fostering environmental literacy among students, yet its representation in science text books published by the Sindh Text Book Board (STBB) needs critical examination. This research critically analyzes the presence and frequency of EE-related content in selected text books across different grade levels through CDA approach. The study highlights the traditional theoretical approach prevalent in science text books, which often lacks practicality and problem-solving elements, and neglects to incorporate regional environmental diversity and local scientific discoveries. EE encompasses various scientific concepts such as climate, biodiversity, and sustainability, aiming to instill in individuals the ability to explore environmental issues and engage in problem-solving for environmental improvement. However, the current curriculum falls short in providing a comprehensive understanding of environmental issues and developing necessary skills for environmental stewardship. The context of the study focuses on Sindh, Pakistan which boasts diverse geographical features, wildlife, and climatic conditions. However, despite its ecological richness, Sindh faces challenges such as endangered species, climate change, and a lack of proper environmental education. The study draws attention to the need for immediate action and viable solutions to preserve Sindh's biodiversity. Data collection involved analyzing nine science textbooks and conducting interviews with science teachers, students, and community members to gather insights into the representation of EE. Findings indicate a minimal integration of EE into the science curriculum, with only a few units or chapters dedicated to environmental topics across different grade levels. The paper concludes with a discussion on the discourse surrounding EE in science text books and proposes recommendations for enhancing environmental education delivery in schools. This research also contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the importance of EE and its integration into educational policies and practices.
Beyond the Battlefield: Uncovering the Impact of Military Pollution on Human Mortality
Authors: Steffens Brendan , Kohl Matthias , Pozzer Andrea 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Greenhouse gas emissions from militaries across the globe constitute a major fraction of global anthropogenic emissions annually. In addition to negatively impacting the climate, military activity also produces a significant amount of air pollution, which impacts human health. In this study, we numerically estimate the amount of air pollution which originates from military activity at global scale. We estimate its health impact using an exposure response function, finding that 276,446 lives (95% confidence interval 206,839 - 329,510) could have been saved in 2019 in a scenario free of global military activity. This number far exceeds the number of casualties in that year caused by fighting between militaries (78,282) and is on a similar scale as the mortality caused from pollution generated by entire sectors, such as land traffic, and industry. Our results call for immediate efforts toward global demilitarization, or at a minimum, the greening of military technologies and operations. Systematic changes of this kind can potentially save hundreds of thousands of lives per year and could divert important funding toward the existential crises faced by humanity, such as climate change and future pandemics.
Spiral vine trellising shortens juvenile of seedlings and mining of genes associated with precocity in v. vinifera
Authors: Liu Junli , Wang· Zhilei , Jiang· Shan , Wang· Liang , Geng· Zijian , Li· Hua , Wang Hua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Flower formation is an important transformation in plant development, and analyzing the early flowering genes is of great significance for accelerating plant reproduction. Exploring the early fruiting genes present in Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) can provide molecular theoretical basis for breeding high-quality resistant varieties using the excellent quality of V. vinifera. This study conducted a study on the V. vinifera intraspecific hybrid population [S07 (Ecolly×Cabernet Sauvignon), S08 (Ecolly×Garanior), S09 (Ecolly×Marselan and S10 (Ecolly×Dornfelder)] on the flowering characteristics of one-year seedlings, screen samples of flowering and non-flowering plants in the S10 population, and use high-throughput sequencing to perform transcriptome sequencing and related differential gene expression analysis on each sample. The results showed that the spiral vine trellising can promote flower bud differentiation in grape seedlings, and there were 93 differential genes (77 upregulated and 16 downregulated) between the flowering group and the non-flowering group. GO analysis of differential genes revealed that the pathways between flowering and non-flowering groups were mainly enriched in polysaccharide binding, DNA integration, defense reactions, carbohydrate binding, and dioxygenase activity. KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes, with pathways mainly enriched in protein processing, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose and glucuronic acid conversion, and pyruvate metabolism in the endoplasmic reticulum. Through analysis of flowering related genes in various pathways, it was found that the flowering genes of V. vinifera were mainly related to carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolite metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and transcription factor regulation.
Field Robot Self-Exploration Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Safety Control Mechanism
Authors: Kang Jipeng , Zhang Zhibin , He Liqiang , Chen Xu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to address the issues that arise when using deep reinforcement learning algorithms for reactive robotic navigation in farmland environments. These challenges include complex network models, a large number of parameters, significant computational requirements, and the possibility of being vulnerable to local optimal solutions. Moreover, the complexity of the farmland environment poses a challenge to the existing indoor reactive navigation methods, which struggle to meet the requirements of tasks such as crop protection and human cooperation.To address these issues, the paper proposes the Field Robot Autonomous Navigation System (FRANS), which utilizes Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to enable farmland robots to autonomously explore unknown environments. The system consists of two modules: Global Navigation (GN) and Local Navigation (LN). The GN module establishes goal points and implements a secure control mechanism to manage the robot's actions. This approach helps to address problems like locally optimal solutions. The LN module uses a lightweight DRL framework to develop a locally navigated motion strategy that guides the robot toward waypoints. FRANS does not require any prior knowledge and is capable of adjusting the navigation strategy in real time based on the current environment. The map is generated in real time as the robot moves through the environment. Experimental results demonstrate that FRANS outperforms similar approaches.
Nutritional status and associated factors of attending schools children in Burkina Faso
Authors: OUEDRAOGO Daniel Somwaoga , COMPAORE Ella W. R. , OUEDRAOGO Ousmane , DICKO Mamoudou H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Child malnutrition remains a public health problem affecting both children under 5 years of age and adolescents in Burkina Faso. However, school-age children are not always considered in programs to reduce malnutrition, despite their negative impact on school performance. This study sought to identify the factors associated with the nutritional status of students in public primary schools.
Method
Three-stage sampling was used to select 559 students aged 5–14 years enrolled in 24 public elementary school. Face- to- face interview using a structured questionnaire were used to collect information from children and their parents. Z-scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age were calculated using the AnthroPlus software to determine the prevalence of all aspects of malnutrition among the studied children. Binary logistic regressions were used to examine factors associated with malnutrition.
Results
The sample included 52.8% girls, with an average age of 10.79 years. The prevalence of undernutrition was 35.8%, with 12.9% for stunting, 9.1% for underweight, and 13.8% for thinness. The prevalence of being overweight and obese was 0.7%. Stunting is significantly associated with 5–10 age and water from non-portable sources. Being underweight is associated with living in the province of Kourwéogo and the father's lack of of schooling. Leanness is positively associated with the 5 to 10 age group, non-deworming of pupils and the father's occupation as a trader.
Conclusion
Undernutrition is a real health problem among students in public primary schools in the Plateau Central region of Burkina Faso. Actions to prevent undernutrition must be undertaken to benefit school-age children.
Arima Modeling and Forecasting of Banana Production in Eastern Visayas, Philippines: 2010-2022
Authors: Bustaliño Blademeire D. , Galos Thea C. , Cajudo Silver G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This time series study investigated the quarterly banana production among the six provinces in Eastern Visayas, Philippines namely: Biliran, Leyte, Southern Leyte, Samar, Eastern Samar, and Northern Samar from 2010 to 2022 specifically the time series components of the data, appropriate time series model, projected banana production for 2023-2024, and the comparison of the predictive accuracy of forecasted models. The technique employs a descriptive and predictive study design of the secondary data from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) using descriptive statistics, time series charts, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models, forecasting, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). Among the six provinces, Samar (148,352.78 mt) had the highest total volume of banana production, followed by Southern Leyte (819,306.59 mt). The highest banana production was observed among provinces, namely: 3rd quarter of 2013 in Biliran, 2nd quarter of 2010 in Eastern Samar, 3rd quarter of 2012 in Leyte, 2nd quarter of 2014 in Northern Samar, 1st quarter of 2022 in Samar, and 4th quarter of 2012 in Southern Leyte. In terms of the overall banana production, seasonality was found in quarters from 2010-2022 with irregular variations and gradual increases.
All provinces showed ADF statistics that are negative and p-values that are below the 0.05 threshold, suggesting that the time series for each province is stationary. With ARIMA models being assessed and validated for each province, Eastern Samar (ARIMA(4,1,1)) model has the lowest AIC and BIC values indicating the best fit among the models. Overall ARIMA (3,1,2) model forecasts in Eastern Visayas will experience fluctuations but maintain general stability until 2024. Further, the predictive accuracy using MAE, MAPE, and SMAPE was determined to compare the resulting ARIMA models of the quarterly banana production, hence, the findings revealed variable model accuracies across different provinces with Northern Samar showing the highest accuracy. Thus, the different models and forecasted productions found in this study are important to ensure market stability and consistent supplies of banana production.
Implications of the application of δ 37 Cl analysis to a new type of polyhalite potassium deposit identified in northeast Sichuan, China
Authors: Shang Wen-jun , Su Kui , Li Kong , Zhang Yong-sheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The discovery of a new type of polyhalite potassium deposit in the Puguang area of northeast Sichuan Province is expected to alleviate the problem of insufficient potassium resources in China. However, in this high and steep fold belt, tectonic movement has made the sequence division of evaporites difficult; which, this division is an important factor in the study of the genesis of polyhalite. This study analyzed the effect of δ37Cl on the salt deformation structure by using the δ37Cl distribution in the halite of well CXD1 as an indicator and discussed the genetic mechanism of the new type of polyhalite potassium deposit. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Tectonic activity has a limited influence on the vertical direction of the two or multiple facies of primary sedimentary evaporite dominated by halite components in the plastic dynamic flow process, and the δ37C1 value can be used as a reference index in the study of the deformation of salt structures, except for local salt veins and salt in diapirs. (2) The δ37C1 values of halite from well CXD1 provide the latest quantitative geochemical data supporting the genetic model of the tectonic events and sedimentary environment influencing the new type of polyhalite potassium deposit in the Puguang area of northeast Sichuan; the results indicate that the sedimentary environment featured a wide range of paleowater temperatures, extreme drought and frequent replenishment of marine water sources. (3) Additionally, the low evaporation stage of the Sichuan salt basin was not conducive to the deposition of soluble K-Mg salt.
Wireless Power Transfer with Silicon Steel Core and Copper Wire for Various Mediums
Authors: Somashekar B. , Moger Ganapathy D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In an initial exploration, an effort was undertaken to execute WPT by utilizing circuits resonating at the standard utility frequency of 50 Hz. The primary goal The purpose of this study is to devise a technique for conveying electrical power through various mediums. By conducting an equivalent circuit analysis, a formula for the theoretical transmission efficiency was formulated, taking into consideration both copper and core losses. Notably, There's a substantial alignment between the values obtained from experimentation and those calculated theoretically. It was observed that the efficiency of transmission is significantly influenced by the configuration of the magnet pole pieces. This work sheds insight on the complex interaction between magnet pole component design and overall power transmission efficiency. An investigation is being carried out Power was transferred over a distance using various media for a rectangular flared shape, with air serving as the medium. This transmission efficiency was 70.22% at a distance of cms. As the distance rose and for misaligned conduction, the efficiency decreased.
Optimizing Seaweed Biomass Production - A Two Kelp Solution
Authors: Stekoll Michael , Pryor Alf , Alexandra Meyer , Lindell Scott , Bailey David , Kite-Powell Hauke , Goudey Cliff , Roberson Loretta , Barbery Kendall , Yarish Charles 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Interest in farming kelps has grown beyond using kelp for food, feed or biofuels. There is considerable interest in generating biomass from seaweed for use in bioplastics and other products that would substitute for petroleum-derived products. For these uses to be viable, large amounts of biomass are needed. Very large kelp farms can be expensive to build and maintain, leading to the need to optimize the biomass per unit area. Although close spacing of growlines can lead to poor growth, a viable approach may be to grow two species of kelps together: one that hangs down and one that is buoyant, growing up. This system would increase the spacing in three dimensions. In Alaska, Saccharina latissima is commonly grown hanging down from longlines. One of the buoyant Alaskan kelps is Nereocystis luetkeana. Because there are commercial uses for wild-harvested Nereocystisin Alaska, we undertook a preliminary trial in Kodiak, Alaska that grew both Saccharina and Nereocystis in the same longline array. Closely spaced lines were seeded the first week of February 2023 and set at 3m below the surface. The arrays were harvested in late June 2023. Total yields were greatest on the combined arrays, followed by the Nereocystisonly and Saccharina only arrays. Despite having 45% fewer grow-lines, the total yield of the Nereocystis on the combined arrays was statistically similar to the Nereocystis only arrays. These results may have significance for large scale macroalgal production.
On the Computational Complexity of Generalized Common Shape Puzzles
Authors: Banbara Mutsunori , Minato Shin-ichi , Ono Hirotaka , Uehara Ryuhei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the computational complexity of some variants of generalized puzzles. We are provided with two sets S1 and S2 of polyominoes. The first puzzle asks us to form the same shape using polyominoes in S1 and S2. We demonstrate that this is polynomial-time solvable if S1 and S2 have constant numbers of polyominoes, and it is strongly NP-complete in general. The second puzzle allows us to make copies of the pieces in S1 and S2. That is, a polyomino in S1 can be used multiple times to form a shape. This is a generalized version of the classical puzzle known as the common multiple shape puzzle. For two polyominoes P and Q, the common multiple shape is a shape that can be formed by many copies of P and many copies of Q. We show that the second puzzle is undecidable in general. The undecidability is demonstrated by a reduction from a new type of undecidable puzzle based on tiling. Nevertheless, certain concrete instances of the common multiple shape can be solved in practical time. We present a method for determining the common multiple shape for provided tuples of polyominoes and outline concrete results, which improve on the previously known results in the puzzle community.
Exploring the Impact of Prabhakar Fractional Derivatives on Bioconvection Flow of Nanofluids with Applications in Solar Energy
Authors: Shafique Ahmad , Ramzan Muhammad , Nazar Mudassar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The current research explores how entropy generation, heat, and mass transfer impact the motion of a second-grade fluid when exposed to solar radiation on a vertical plate. This study employs a base fluid composed of polyvinyl alcohol-water and considers the presence of copper nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms. Given the increasing utilization of solar plates in various devices, there is a need to develop an effective numerical model for the flow and thermal characteristics of a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) mounted on a solar plate. Parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) are solar energy systems that utilize curved mirrors, resembling parabolic troughs, to concentrate sunlight onto a single focal line. This focused sunlight heats the fluid flowing through a plate aligned along the focal line. The governing equations for heat, mass, and momentum, based on Fourier's and Fick's laws, have been established, and mathematical modeling is carried out. The Laplace transform method is applied to derive non-dimensional partial differential equations for the energy, mass, and velocity fields. The graphical analysis primarily focuses on the significant impact of key parameters, including the bioconvection Lewis number, magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, electric field parameter, Grashof number, mass Grashof number, chemical reaction parameter, and Peclet number, related to the flow properties. Increasing the volume fraction and radiation parameter of nanoparticles is shown to enhance the temperature profile. Non-Newtonian nanofluids exhibit great potential for enhancing heat transfer processes and find diverse applications in solar energy systems, thermal energy systems, and microchip cooling. These nanofluids not only exhibit exceptional thermal properties but also unexpected thermal behavior. By incorporating nanoparticles into fluids, we can augment both solar energy storage and heat transfer capabilities.
The associations of circulating inflammatory-related proteins with asthma: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xiong Yajun , Sheng Yanbing , Zhang Long , Wei Yuntao , Feng Yuying , Zhang Xiaonan , Ma Xiang , Guo Tianyi , Wang Shuang , Niu Xiaoya , Cai Mengting , Chen Yu , Zhang Jie , Xu Aiguo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Epidemiological evidence links inflammation to the etiology and pathophysiology of asthma. To assess the causal relationship between circulating inflammation-related proteins and asthma, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods
Protein quantitative trait locis (pQTLs) were derived from twelve genome-wide association studies (GWASs) cohorts on the circulating inflammation-related proteome. Genetic associations with asthma were obtained from a large-scale GWAS, categorized into childhood-onset asthma (COA) and adult-onset asthma (AOA). Bidirectional MR analysis, Bayesian co-localization, and phenotype scanning were employed to confirm the robustness of MR results. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and molecule docking were conducted to evaluate the druggability of identified proteins and prioritize potential therapeutic targets. These results were further validated in eQTLGen, GTEx Consortium, and two dependent cohorts.
Results
Collectively, elevated MMP-1 and decreased levels of three proteins (ADA, CD40L, CST5) were associated with an increased risk of both COA and AOA. CXCL6 had an adverse effect specifically on COA. These associations were validated in sensitivity analyses. Apart from CST5, the other proteins interacted with therapeutic targets of asthma medications. Furthermore, therapeutic targeting of three proteins (ADA, CD40L, MMP1) is currently under evaluation, while CST5 and CXCL6 are considered druggable. Molecular docking showed excellent binding between drugs and proteins (ADA and MMP-1) with available structural data.
Conclusions
This study identified five circulating inflammatory-related protein biomarkers associated with asthma and provided novel insights into its etiology. Drugs targeting these proteins are expected to facilitate future prioritization of drug targets for asthma.