bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral perfusion pressure and risk of brain hypoxia in severe head injury: a prospective observational study
Authors: Marín-Caballos Antonio J , Murillo-Cabezas Francisco , Cayuela-Domínguez Aurelio , Domínguez-Roldán Jose M , Rincón-Ferrari M Dolores , Valencia-Anguita Julio , Flores-Cordero Juan M , Muñoz-Sánchez M Angeles 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Higher and lower cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) thresholds have been proposed to improve brain tissue oxygen pressure (PtiO2) and outcome. We study the distribution of hypoxic PtiO2 samples at different CPP thresholds, using prospective multimodality monitoring in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Methods
This is a prospective observational study of 22 severely head injured patients admitted to a neurosurgical critical care unit from whom multimodality data was collected during standard management directed at improving intracranial pressure, CPP and PtiO2. Local PtiO2 was continuously measured in uninjured areas and snapshot samples were collected hourly and analyzed in relation to simultaneous CPP. Other variables that influence tissue oxygen availability, mainly arterial oxygen saturation, end tidal carbon dioxide, body temperature and effective hemoglobin, were also monitored to keep them stable in order to avoid non-ischemic hypoxia.

Results
Our main results indicate that half of PtiO2 samples were at risk of hypoxia (defined by a PtiO2 equal to or less than 15 mmHg) when CPP was below 60 mmHg, and that this percentage decreased to 25% and 10% when CPP was between 60 and 70 mmHg and above 70 mmHg, respectively (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Our study indicates that the risk of brain tissue hypoxia in severely head injured patients could be really high when CPP is below the normally recommended threshold of 60 mmHg, is still elevated when CPP is slightly over it, but decreases at CPP values above it.
The influence of the Internet on decision making in acoustic neuroma
Authors: Orabi A A , D’Souza A R , Walsh R R , Irving R M 
Published: October 2005

Objective: To determine the access to and the use of the Internet by acoustic neuroma patients as a medical information source, and the influence of the Internet on decision-making, as well as the patients' views on the quality of particular sites.Materials and methods: A retrospective 27-item questionnaire was sent to 138 consecutive acoustic neuroma patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2002. The study included patients treated by conservative, radiotherapeutic and surgical modalities.Main outcome measures: Patient demographics, the extent of Internet use as well as quality and quantity of available information.Results: There were 86.95 per cent questionnaires available for analysis. Twenty-four per cent accessed the Internet to obtain information about acoustic neuromas. Ninety-seven per cent of patients said that the information provided in the clinic matched with the information obtained from the websites, 49 per cent said that the information obtained from the Internet did not influence decision making regarding acceptance of treatment of their tumour. Some patients said the Internet information was depressing, devastating, and they would never look up the Internet again for medical information.Conclusion: A significant proportion of our patients accessed the Internet for information. Caution should be exercised when advising patients regarding websites as the information on the Internet is often not controlled or checked for accuracy. Acoustic neuroma specialists and ENT surgeons in general should familiarize themselves with related websites so that patients can then be directed to high-quality sites.
Post-operative radiotherapy in advanced laryngeal cancer: effect on local and regional recurrence, distant metastases and second primaries
Authors: Yılmaz Taner , Hoşal Şefik , Özyar Enis , Akyol Fadıl , Gürsel Bülent 
Published: October 2005

This was a retrospective study of patients who did or did not receive post-operative radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.The rates of local and regional recurrences, distant metastases and second primaries were evaluated in 236 patients who received radiotherapy following surgery. These rates were evaluated and compared with those from 294 patients treated with surgery alone.Multivariate analysis of irradiated patients revealed that local and regional recurrences were determined independently by tumour (T) and pathologic node (pN) stages (p < 0.05). The distant metastasis rate significantly depended on N stage (p < 0.05). Multiple primary tumours were not significantly affected by any of the factors studied (p > 0.05).Analysis of both irradiated and non-irradiated patients revealed that local and regional recurrence was determined independently by pathologic T (pT) stage, tumour localization, radiation status and pN stages (p < 0.05). The distant metastasis rate significantly depended on N stage and tumour localization (p < 0.05) and the rate of formation of multiple primary tumours was significantly affected by the patient's age and radiation status (p < 0.05).In conclusion irradiation of laryngeal cancer patients independently increases the risk of local and regional recurrence, and also increases the risk of multiple primary tumours while not significantly influencing the risk of distant metastasis. The risk of distant metastasis is affected by determinants of advanced lesions and tumour localization.
CO2 laser cordectomy as a day-case procedure
Authors: Altuna X , Zulueta A , Algaba J 
Published: October 2005

Objective: To evaluate the safety of CO2 laser cordectomy in the treatment of glottic carcinoma as a day-case procedure.Study design: This was a retrospective study of a cohort of 73 patients with glottic carcinoma treated by laser cordectomy as a day-case procedure using a CO2 laser, between January 2000 and June 2004.Results: There were no major complications and no patients required reintubation. More than 90 per cent of the patients were discharged on the day of the procedure. There were seven unplanned admissions to hospital but none of these appeared to be the direct result of the surgery, and the patients were discharged the next day. All the patients stated they would have further surgery in this manner if required.Conclusion: Laser cordectomy for glottic carcinoma can be safely performed as an out-patient procedure if patients are carefully selected according to specific criteria.
Outcome of bacterial culture from mastoid granulations: is it relevant in chronic ear disease?
Authors: Albert Rita Ruby Anbuselvi , Job Anand , Kuruvilla George , Joseph Richard , Brahmadathan K N , John Alice 
Published: October 2005

Objective: To detect the presence of bacteria in mastoid granulations and compare its prevalence in both types of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). To find out if stage of disease activity, age, duration of disease, and aditus patency relate to obtaining positive cultures.Study design and setting: A prospective, parallel group study done at a tertiary care referral centre. Mastoid granulations from 79 patients with CSOM undergoing mastoidectomy were processed for anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.Results: Aerobes were isolated from 57.55 per cent of the tubotympanic and 74.4 per cent of atticoantral disease (p = 0.18). Anaerobic cultures were positive in one case from each group. Monomicrobial growth was detected in 37.5 per cent of tubotympanic and 48.5 per cent of atticoantral disease. Polymicrobial growth occurred in 20 per cent and 25.6 per cent in the tubotympanic and atticoantral groups, respectively. The predominant aerobic isolate was coagulase negative Staphylococcus, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, Enterobacter and Enterococcus, Proteus species, Citrobacter, non-pathogenic Neisseria, aerobic spore formers were grown only in atticoantral disease. A single isolate of Aspergillus was grown. Correlating the state of disease activity of the ears with positive mastoid granulation cultures, six out of the eight inactive ears were culture positive along with seven out of the nine active and 10 out of the 23 quiescent ears. Positive mastoid granulation cultures were obtained in 60 per cent of those with blocked aditus and 42.9 per cent with patent aditus.Conclusion and significance: In this study, we found that mastoid granulations are not sterile but harbour polymicrobial pathogens. Positive cultures were obtained irrespective of stage of disease activity, age, duration of disease and aditus patency. The pattern of organisms cultured from safe and unsafe CSOM and also from ears in active, quiescent and inactive stages, were similar. These findings suggest that these organisms may be responsible for mastoid granulations. We also noted that positive cultures had no statistical correlation with aditus patency and duration of disease. We suggest further studies to evaluate the significance of asymptomatic mastoid granulations harbouring organisms and whether opening the mastoid antrum and achieving aditus patency, irrespective of the stage of disease activity, will help improve the long-term surgical outcome and also prevent recurrence of ear discharge.
Outcome following retrosigmoid microvascular decompression of the facial nerve for hemifacial spasm
Authors: Moffat D A , Durvasula V S P , Stevens King A , De R , Hardy D G 
Published: October 2005

This paper evaluates the outcome of retrosigmoid microvascular decompression of the facial nerve in a series of patients suffering from hemifacial spasm who had been referred to the skull-base team (comprising senior authors DAM and DGH). The paper is a retrospective review of 15 patients who underwent retrosigmoid microvascular decompression of the facial nerve at Addenbrooke's Hospital between 1985 and 1995. In this series it was possible to obtain complete resolution of hemifacial spasm in 93.3 per cent of cases in the short term and in 80 per cent in the long term. Twelve patients (80 per cent) were symptom-free post-operatively. Two patients had minor recurrence of symptoms occurring within six months of the procedure. One patient with no identifiable vascular impingement of the facial nerve had no improvement following surgery. Three patients suffered sensorineural hearing loss. Two patients complained of post-operative tinnitus, and transient facial palsy was noted in one patient.Retrosigmoid microvascular decompression of the facial nerve provides excellent long-term symptom control in a high percentage of patients with hemifacial spasm.
Medical and surgical complications of the second 100 adult cochlear implant patients in Birmingham
Authors: Dutt Sunil N , Ray Jaydip , Hadjihannas Edward , Cooper Huw , Donaldson Ivor , Proops David W 
Published: October 2005

One hundred consecutive adult cochlear implant patients, numbered 101 to 200 in an ongoing series, were prospectively monitored and data collected using the same protocol as for the first 100 patients. The study period was 1999 to 2001. The total number of procedures was 122. Changes in practice following the first 100 implants included a standard surgical technique with a smaller incision and lesser flap mobilization, and routine facial nerve monitoring. As far as was practicable, the same commercial type of implant was used. There were 111 (91 per cent) implantation episodes, five (4 per cent) explantation episodes, four (3.3 per cent) reimplantation episodes and two (1.6 per cent) revision procedures. Eighty-nine patients underwent unilateral implantation and 11 underwent bilateral implantation.Major complications included flap breakdown (1.6 per cent), extrusion of electrode array (0.8 per cent) and device failure (0.8 per cent). The overall major complication rate was 3.2 per cent (4/122). The overall minor complication rate was 18 per cent. In addition, 7.3 per cent experienced transient vertigo and 5.7 per cent experienced local discomfort lasting three days on average with complete resolution. The overall complication rate in the second 100 implant patients was lower than in the first 100. Smaller incision and lesser flap mobilization reduced the minor complication rate.
Consent and the use of Foley catheters in epistaxis
Authors: Pellard Sarah , Boyce Jamie , Ingrams Duncan R 
Published: October 2005

The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency stated in 2003 that doctors should endeavour to avoid using products in treatments not covered by their product licence. Foley catheters are commonly used in the management of epistaxis although their product licence does not cover this. We undertook a questionnaire survey of members of the British Association of Otorhinolaryngologists – Head & Neck Surgeons to study the extent of the use of these catheters and the knowledge that members had of their legal status.Most members appear to use Foley catheters in the management of epistaxis; however, many are not aware that the product is not licensed for this purpose. Because of this lack of knowledge, only half obtain verbal consent for treatment with this device and only a very small number obtain written consent from patients.In the era of increasing litigation, documentation of informed consent could be considered mandatory to protect us from possible legal action, and this needs to be known by all practising otolaryngologists.
Vitamin C and Vitamin E for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Boothby Lisa A , Doering Paul L 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the literature on supplemental vitamin C and vitamin E therapy in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). DATA SOURCES Literature retrieval was accessed through MEDLINE (1966–March 2005) using the key words antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin E, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia. International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–March 2005), Current Contents (1996–March 2005), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1994–March 2005), and Ebsco's Academic Search Elite (1975–March 2005) were searched with the same key words. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Articles related to the objective that were identified through PubMed were included. DATA SYNTHESIS Oral supplementation of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (D-alfa-tocopherol acetate) alone and in combination have been shown to decrease oxidative DNA damage in animal studies in vivo, in vitro, and in situ. Recent results of a prospective observational study (n = 4740) suggest that the combined use of vitamin E 400 IU daily and vitamin C 500 mg daily for at least 3 years was associated with the reduction of AD prevalence (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.60) and incidence (HR 0.36; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.99). Contradicting this is a previous prospective observational study (n = 980) evaluating the relationship between 4 years of vitamin C and E intake and the incidence of AD, which detected no difference in the incidence of AD during the 4-year follow-up. Recent meta-analysis results suggest that doses of vitamin E ≥400 IU daily for more than one year are associated with increased all-cause mortality. Mega-trial results suggest that vitamin E doses ≥400 IU daily for 6.9 years in patients with preexisting vascular disease or diabetes mellitus increase the incidence of heart failure, with no other outcome benefits noted. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials documenting benefits that outweigh recently documented morbidity and mortality risks, vitamin E supplements should not be recommended for primary or secondary prevention of AD. Although the risks of taking high doses of vitamin C are lower than those with vitamin E, the lack of consistent efficacy data for vitamin C in preventing or treating AD should discourage its routine use for this purpose.
Physical and Chemical Stability of Pemetrexed Solutions in Plastic Syringes
Authors: Zhang Yanping , Trissel Lawrence A 
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND Pemetrexed is a multitargeted antifolate antineoplastic agent that is indicated for single-agent use in advanced or metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer and in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma not treatable by surgery. Currently, there is no information on the long-term stability of pemetrexed solutions beyond 24 hours. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the stability of pemetrexed reconstituted with NaCl 0.9% injection to a concentration of 25 mg/mL and packaged in polypropylene syringes. METHODS Triplicate samples of reconstituted pemetrexed 25 mg/mL were packaged in 20-mL polypropylene syringes and evaluated for physical and chemical stability performed initially and over 2 days of storage at 23 °C and over 31 days of storage at 4 °C. Physical stability was assessed using turbidimetric and particulate measurement, as well as visual observation. Chemical stability was evaluated by HPLC. RESULTS The reconstituted pemetrexed solutions remained physically and chemically stable throughout the respective study periods, with no precipitation or color change and little or no loss of pemetrexed. CONCLUSIONS Pemetrexed reconstituted with NaCl 0.9% to a concentration of 25 mg/mL packaged in polypropylene syringes was found to be stable for 2 days at room temperature and 31 days refrigerated.
Genotypisierung – von genomischer DNA zum Genotyp in einem Schritt
Authors: Strerath Michael , Marx Andreas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNucleotidvariationen im menschlichen Genom, wie single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), sind mit wachsendem Interesse erforscht worden, seit klar wurde, dass es eine direkte Verbindung zwischen diesen Abweichungen und verschiedenen Krankheiten und Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen gibt. Für die tägliche Laborpraxis werden zur Untersuchung genomischer DNA Methoden benötigt, die Zeit, Arbeit und Kosten sparend sind. Diese Kriterien werden von so genannten Closed‐Tube‐Methoden erfüllt, die ohne Voramplifizierung direkt auf genomische DNA angewendet werden können.
Genotyping—From Genomic DNA to Genotype in a Single Tube
Authors: Strerath Michael , Marx Andreas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNucleotide variations in the human genome, such as single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, have been researched more intensively since it became apparent that these deviations are linked to various diseases and also several side effects of drugs. The investigation of genomic DNA in the laboratory requires routine methods that are time‐, labour‐, and cost‐effective. These criteria are fulfilled by so‐called closed‐tube methods, which are applied directly to isolated genomic DNA without any preamplification.
Swelling–deswelling kinetics of ionic poly(acrylamide) hydrogels and cryogels
Authors: Ceylan Deniz , Ozmen M. Murat , Okay Oguz 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA series of ionic poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) gels was prepared by free‐radical crosslinking copolymerization of acrylamide and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide in aqueous solutions. The gels were prepared both below and above the bulk freezing temperature of the polymerization solvent water, which are called as the cryogels and the hydrogels, respectively. The deswelling behavior of swollen gels in acetone as well as the reswelling behavior of the collapsed gels in water were investigated. It was shown that the cryogels respond against the external stimuli much faster than the hydrogels. The interior morphology of the cryogel networks exhibits a discontinuity and a two‐phase structure, compared to the continuous morphology of the hydrogel networks. Introduction of the ionic units in the network chains further increased the response rate of the cryogels. In contrast to these advantages of cryogels, they exhibit lower swelling capacities than the conventional hydrogels. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 319–325, 2006
Studies on novel composites of polyoxymethylene/ polyamide 6
Authors: Li Yulin , Xie Tingxiu , Yang Guisheng 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA series of new composite of polyoxymethylene/polyamide 6 (POM/PA 6) were synthesized by using ε‐caprolactam as a reactive solvent with POM soluble in it. Incorporating a small content of POM (1–4 wt %) into PA 6 led to a great improvement of impact resistance POM/PA 6. The effects of POM content on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. Incorporating minor POM (1 wt %), disposed in finely dispersed level (about 1 μm), into PA 6 matrix can greatly reduce the crystallization rate and crystallinity of PA 6. Scanning electron microscopy measurements indicated that much microfibers with aspect ratio about 10 appeared with the addition of 3 wt % POM because of the change of phase separation mechanisms. As a result, with a small content of PA 66 (1–4 wt %) incorporated, the impact strength and elongation of POM/PA 6 were improved markedly, with retention of good tensile strength. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 335–339, 2006
Water bamboo husk‐reinforced poly(butylene succinate) biodegradable composites
Authors: Shih Yeng‐Fong , Lee Wan‐Chien , Jeng Ru‐Jong , Huang Chien‐Ming 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe water bamboo husk is one of major agricultural wastes in Taiwan. In this study, the fiber and powder obtained from the water bamboo husk were chemically modified by coupling agents. Furthermore, the modified fiber and powder were added to the biodegradable polymer poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) separately, to form novel fiber‐reinforced composites. Morphologies, mechanical properties, and heat resistance of these water bamboo husk‐reinforced composites were investigated. The results indicate that the fibers modified by coupling agents exhibited better compatibility with the polymer matrixes than did the untreated fibers. Moreover, it is found that the thermal properties were improved as plant fiber was incorporated to those polymers. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were also increased with the addition of coupling agent‐treated fiber. On the other hand, it is found that the homogeneity of untreated powder‐containing samples is better than that of untreated fiber‐containing samples. Moreover, the results reveal that the powders modified with coupling agents were not effective in improving the mechanical properties of the reinforced PBS. This is due to the bulky structure of lignin leading to a smaller reaction ratio with the coupling agents. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 188–199, 2006
Asymmetric cyanine dyes as fluorescence probes and visible‐light photoinitiators of free‐radical polymerization processes
Authors: Kabatc Janina , Jędrzejewska Beata , Pączkowski Jerzy 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article introduces asymmetric cyanine dyes employed as visible‐light photoinitiators of vinyl monomer polymerization and as fluorescence probes monitoring the progress of polymerization. A degree of polymer cure from the measurement of the changes in the probe emission intensity and position shifts during the thermally initiated polymerization of monoacrylate was obtained. A distinct increase in the intensity of the probe fluorescence was observed during polymerization when the degree of monomer conversion was gradually increasing. This effect was accompanied by a blue‐shift of the probe emission maxima. The second part of this work is focused on the possibility of an application of the tested dyes, in combination with borate anions, as photoinitiating systems. The kinetics of polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, with cyanine borates as photoinitiators, was studied by a microcalorimetric method. Asymmetric cyanine borates were found to be effective photoinitiators, and both the initiator and coinitiator concentration as well as the light intensity strongly affected the progress of photopolymerization, leading, for example, to an increase in the polymerization rate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 207–217, 2006