bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model of cognitive processes and conversational principles in survey interview interaction
Authors: Ongena Yfke P. , Dijkstra Wil 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper we provide a model of interviewer–respondent interaction in survey interviews. Our model is primarily focused on the occurrence of problems within this interaction that seem likely to affect data quality. Both conversational principles and cognitive processes, especially where they do not match the requirements of the respondent's task, are assumed to affect the course of interactions. The cognitive processes involved in answering a survey question are usually described by means of four steps: interpretation, retrieval, judgement and formatting. Each of these steps may be responsible for different overt problems, such as requests for clarification or inadequate answers. Such problems are likely to affect the course of the interaction through conversational principles which may cause, for example, suggestive behaviour on the part of the interviewer, which may in turn yield new problematic behaviours. However, the respondent may not be the only one who experiences cognitive problems; the interviewer may also have such problems, for example with respect to explaining question meaning to the respondent. Thus the model proposed here, unlike most of the other models which concentrate on the respondent, tries to incorporate cognitive processes and conversational principles with respect to both interviewer and respondent. In particular, the model looks at how cognitive processes and conversational principles affect both the interaction between interview participants and the quality of the eventual answers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Political involvement and memory failure as interdependent determinants of vote overreporting
Authors: Stocké Volker , Stark Tobias 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSurvey respondents have been found to systematically overreport their participation in political elections. Although the sociodemographic correlates of this response bias are well known, only a few studies have analysed the determinants predicted by two prominent theoretical explanations for vote overreporting: memory failure and social desirability (SD) bias. Both explanations have received empirical support in studies in which the probability of vote overreporting was found to increase (a) with the time between the election and the survey interview and (b) when respondents were politically involved to a larger extent. In the present paper, we argue that the effect of each of these determinants is not simply additive but depends on the value of the respective other factor. This interaction effect has been found with data from the American National Election Studies: The probability of vote overreporting increases significantly more strongly with the respondents' political involvement when more time has elapsed since the election day. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive aspects of survey methodology
Authors: Schwarz Norbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince its initiation in the early 1980s, research into cognitive aspects of survey methods (CASM) has made considerable progress in illuminating the cognitive and communicative processes underlying survey responding. This article reviews key themes and developments, notes strengths and shortcomings and places the contributions to this special issue in this context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimum sequence requirements for the binding of paromomycin to the rRNA decoding site A
Authors: Anderson Peter C. , Mecozzi Sandro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have recently introduced a computational methodology that combines molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, free‐energy calculations, and in vitro binding assays to predict the minimum RNA structural requirements for selective, high‐affinity RNA binding to small‐molecule ligands. Here, we show that this methodology can be applied to the conformationally flexible aminoglycoside antibiotic paromomycin. A RNA consisting of an 11‐mer:10‐mer duplex that contains one 16S ribosome RNA decoding A‐site bound to paromomycin was simulated for 4 ns. The methodology predicts that the 11‐mer:10‐mer duplex binds to paromomycin with high affinity, whereas smaller RNA duplexes lose complex stability and the ability to bind paromomycin. The predicted high‐affinity binding to paromomycin of the 11‐mer:10‐mer duplex was confirmed experimentally (EC50 = 0.28 μM), as well as the inability of smaller complexes to bind. Our simulations show good agreement with experiment for dynamic and structural properties of the isolated A‐site, including hydrogen‐bonding networks and RNA structural rearrangements upon ligand binding. The results suggest that MD simulations can supplement in vitro methods as a tool for predicting minimum RNA‐binding motifs for both small, rigid ligands, and large, flexible ligands when structural information is available. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 86: 95–111, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Scale‐up from shake flasks to fermenters in batch and continuous mode with Corynebacterium glutamicum on lactic acid based on oxygen transfer and pH
Authors: Seletzky Juri M. , Noak Ute , Fricke Jens , Welk Eike , Eberhard Werner , Knocke Christof , Büchs Jochen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractScale‐up from shake flasks to fermenters has been hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning the influence of operating conditions on mass transfer, hydromechanics, and power input. However, in recent years the properties of shake flasks have been described with empirical models. A practical scale‐up strategy for everyday use is introduced for the scale‐up of aerobic cultures from shake flasks to fermenters in batch and continuous mode. The strategy is based on empirical correlations of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kL a) and the pH. The accuracy of the empirical kL a correlations and the assumptions required to use these correlations for an arbitrary biological medium are discussed. To determine the optimal pH of the culture medium a simple laboratory method based on titration curves of the medium and a mechanistic pH model, which is solely based on the medium composition, is applied. The effectiveness of the scale‐up strategy is demonstrated by comparing the behavior of Corynebacterium glutamicum on lactic acid in shake flasks and fermenters in batch and continuous mode. The maximum growth rate (µmax = 0.32 h−1) and the oxygen substrate coefficient ($Y_{{\rm O}_2 /{\rm S}}$ = 0.0174 mol/l) of C. glutamicum on lactic acid were equal for shake flask, fermenter, batch, and continuous cultures. The biomass substrate yield was independent of the scale, but was lower in batch cultures (YX/S = 0.36 g/g) than in continuous cultures (YX/S = 0.45 g/g). The experimental data (biomass, respiration, pH) could be described with a simple biological model combined with a mechanistic pH model. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 800–811. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of synthetically created phospholipase A2 variants with industrial impact
Authors: Markert Yvonne , Mansfeld Johanna , Schierhorn Angelika , Rücknagel Karl Peter , Ulbrich‐Hofmann Renate 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhospholipases A2 (PLA2) play an important role for the production of lysophospholipids. Presently they are mainly obtained from porcine or bovine pancreas but these mammalian sources are not accepted in several fields of application. To make accessible a non‐mammalian PLA2 to industrial application, synthetic genes encoding PLA2 from honey bee (Apis mellifera) with modified N‐termini were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. While expression of the gene with an N‐terminal leader sequence to direct the protein into the periplasm failed, four variants with slightly modified N‐termini (I1A‐PLA2, I1V‐PLA2, His6‐tagged PLA2 and PLA2 still containing the start methionine) were successfully expressed. In all cases, the PLA2 variants were produced as inclusion bodies. Their protein content amounted to 26–35% of total cell protein. The optimized renaturation procedure and subsequent purification by cation‐exchange chromatography yielded pure active enzymes in yields of 4–11 mg L−1. The recombinant PLA2 variants showed activities, far‐UV CD and fluorescence spectra similar to the glycosylated PLA2 isolated from the venom glands of honey bee (bv‐PLA2). The thermodynamic stabilities of the recombinant enzymes calculated from the transition curves of guanidine hydrochloride induced unfolding were also nearly identical to the stability of bv‐PLA2. For the variant I1A‐PLA2 high‐cell density fermentation in 10 L‐scale using mineral salt medium was shown to increase the volumetric enzyme yield considerably. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 48–59. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An examination of behavioral consistency using individual behaviors or groups of behaviors in serial homicide
Authors: Bateman Alicia L. , Salfati C. Gabrielle 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEstablishing behavioral consistency in serial homicide offending behavior is essential when linking homicides together and to a common offender. An examination of 35 serial homicide behaviors utilized by 90 offenders in 450 serial homicide cases was carried out to identify whether these offenders consistently performed the same behaviors across their series of homicides and whether it is more effective to examine individual behaviors or groupings of behaviors in order to identify behavioral consistency. This study provides the first empirically based evidence testing the use of using single behaviors as linking factors in linking homicide cases in a series, and shows that this method has inherent difficulties in accomplishing this, thus providing the first wave of empirical testing that questions current theories in the literature on serial homicide, which has suggested that signatures or specific key behaviors are important in understanding the consistency in an offender's behavior across the crimes. Recommendations for future studies on linking using signatures are suggested, including a more in‐depth qualitative empirical evaluation of individual series. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Server‐driven‐type communication protocol with data segmentation for remote database access
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi , Tsuji Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the communication protocol between applications and remote databases in enterprise systems. Although the International Standard OSI‐RDA adopted the one request–one response communication protocol for the remote database access, it is not suitable from the viewpoints of system resources occupation and communication overhead in the case where the system should handle the large volumes of multimedia data. This paper proposes a server‐driven communication protocol in order to solve these problems, and compares the traditional method and the proposed method as to (1) the number of communications, (2) the number of encoding–decoding, and (3) the dynamic steps. According to the quantitative comparison, the proposed method makes an effort to avoid communication resources occupation and improves by 50% the communication overhead in the case of large communication data. This paper also suggests a guideline for suitable number of data segmentations for the remote database access. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 64–71, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20139
Hunter's Oligoamide: A Functional C2‐Symmetric Molecule with Unusual Topology for Selective Organic Gel Formation
Authors: Velázquez Daniel García , Díaz David Díaz , Ravelo Ángel Gutiérrez , Marrero‐Tellado José Juan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report for the first time the discovery of the gelation properties of Hunter's oligoamide with pendant amino groups, 1, which possesses structural features different to some conventional gelators. the organogels were studied with infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Remarkably, the effective self‐assembly process of this oligoamide to produce stable organogels occurs exclusively in chlorinated solvents. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Leader reputation: The role of mentoring, political skill, contextual learning, and adaptation
Authors: Blass Fred R. , Ferris Gerald R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLike organizations in other sectors, military settings can be appropriately characterized as political arenas.As such, political skill is critical for military leader effectiveness and leader reputation.This article proposes a conceptual model that articulates the roles of political skill, contextual learning, impression management, and adaptation in leader reputation development for military personnel aspiring to leadership positions. Political skill is shaped by mentoring and contextual learning experiences, which, in turn, affect the flexibility needed for making favorable impressions on others, adaptation, and fit. Implications of the proposed model for developing a more informed understanding of leader effectiveness and reputation in the military are discussed, as are directions for future research. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Employer branding in the Belgian Army: The importance of instrumental and symbolic beliefs for potential applicants, actual applicants, and military employees
Authors: Lievens Filip 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study conceptualizes employer brand as a package of instrumental and symbolic attributes. Using a sample of 955 individuals (429 potential applicants, 392 actual applicants, and 134 military employees), we examine the relative importance of instrumental and symbolic employer brand beliefs across different groups of individuals: potential applicants, actual applicants, and military employees (with less than three years of tenure). Results show that instrumental attributes explain greater variance in theArmy's attractiveness as an employer among actual applicants compared to potential applicants or employees. In all three groups, symbolic trait inferences explain a similar portion of the variance. In addition, in all three groups, symbolic trait inferences explain incremental variance over and above instrumental attributes. Implications for employer branding practices and image audits are discussed. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Building strong ethics and promoting positive character development: The influence of HRM at the United States Military Academy at West Point
Authors: Offstein Evan H. , Dufresne Ronald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article details the design and process of ethical and character development at the United States Military Academy at West Point. Based on a series of in‐depth interviews coupled with a rigorous analysis of archival data, we challenge the presumption that military character development is a punitive and reactive activity. Rather, our results suggest that West Point uses a deliberate, intimate, and largely developmental approach to fulfill their mission of producing men and women of character who serve in the common defense. In particular, we found that West Point utilizes traditional human resource management functions of recruiting, selection, job rotation, and training to improve their character‐development process. In addition to utilizing these traditional human resource functions, West Point also engages in more contemporary and strategic HR practices such as managing communication, promoting organizational learning, organizational design and development, and organizational socialization and culture shaping to enhance the character and integrity of its members. Accordingly, we feel that the West Point character‐development approach can be utilized across settings to assist nonmilitary organizations to aspire and reach higher ethical standards. Finally, we argue that in addition to studying the ethics of HR research, scholars can look to understand how organizations can seek ethics through HR research. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Briefing‐debriefing: Using a reflexive organizational learning model from the military to enhance the performance of surgical teams
Authors: Vashdi Dana R. , Bamberger Peter A. , Erez Miriam , Weiss‐Meilik Ahuva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe adopt an action‐research approach to examine the applicability of briefing‐debriefing sessions—a team‐based, reflexive learning model being used in the IsraelAir Force—to the surgical departments of a major, civilian tertiary center in Israel, and explore the potential impact of such a model on the incidence of preventable adverse events in these departments.Taking into account the similarities and differences between the two team contexts (i.e., surgical team and flight crew), we examine potential barriers to the implementation of such a briefing‐debriefing technology in the surgical world, discuss the ways in which such barriers have been largely overcome in the particular case examined, and present the model currently being implemented by the surgical departments in our study.Additionally, based on a grounded theory approach, we generate propositions regarding the way in which briefing‐debriefing frameworks might enhance the quality‐related outcomes of hospital surgical teams.Wepay particular attention to those aspects of the team‐based learning model—such as a focus on status‐free transparency and systems‐based analysis—intended to promote double‐ as opposed to simply single‐loop learning. ©2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of biocompatible, degradable, light‐curable, polyurethane‐based elastic hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Changhong , Zhang Ning , Wen Xuejun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of degradable polyurethane‐based light‐curable elastic hydrogels were synthesized from polycaprolactone diol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), lysine diisocyanate (LDI), and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) through UV light initiated polymerization reaction. LDI was used as hard segment and polycaprolactone (PCL) and/or PEG were used as soft segments. By changing the PCL to PEG ratio during the prepolymer synthesis, polyurethanes with different soft segmental structures, hydrophilicity, and cytophilicity were obtained after light‐initiated polymerization. The chemical structures of the synthesized polymers were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Physical properties such as swelling, mechanical properties, andin vitrodegradation were evaluated. Materials containing a higher ratio of PEG exhibit higher water absorbance, higher degradation ratein vitro, and lower mechanical strength in the hydrated state. Mouse embryonal carcinoma‐derived clonal chondrocytes were used as a model cell type to study the cytocompatibility of the synthesized polymers. Chondrocyte attachment, proliferation rates, and morphologies varied with changes in the PCL/PEG ratio. With a higher PEG ratio, lower cell attachment and proliferation were observed. To improve the cell attachment and proliferation on high PEG content hydrogels, bioactive molecules, such as peptides and proteins, were conjugated or immobilized in the gel matrix during the light‐curing process. In this study, a short peptide, Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser, was used as a model biomolecule and incorporated into the gels during the light‐curing process and improved cell growth was observed. In summary, the use of PCL/PEG at different ratios, as well as the introduction of HEMA into polyurethane, allows the synthesis of a series of biocompatible elastic hydrogels with tunable physical and cytophilic properties through light‐initiated polymerization. This series of materials also allows for controlling cell attachment and growth by incorporating bioactive molecules during the light‐curing process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
The initial attachment and subsequent behavior regulation of osteoblasts by dental implant surface modification
Authors: Qu Zhe , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui , Wieland Marco , Matejka Michael , Schedle Andreas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of hydrophobic acid‐etched (A) and coarse‐blasted large‐grit and acid‐etched (SLA) surfaces as well as hydrophilic modified acid‐etched (modA) and modified coarse‐blasted large‐grit and acid‐etched (modSLA) surfaces on the behavior of MG63 cells grown on these surfaces through determination of cell attachment and cell proliferation, time‐lapse microscopy of fluorescence‐labeled cells, and determination of gene expression by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). No significant difference of cell attachment on various titanium surfaces was found. Increased cell proliferation was observed on the A surface and the SLA surface compared with the modA surface and the modSLA surface. After 2 days of incubation, on modSLA and modA surfaces a tendency of formation of cell clusters has been observed, which was most pronounced on modSLA surface. On the A and the SLA surface, cell cluster formation started after longer incubation periods. The expression level of the bone‐associated genes (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, type‐I‐collagen, osteoprotegerin, and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate‐dehydrogenase) detected by RT‐PCR was highest on the modSLA surface. In conclusion it has been demonstrated that the modSLA surface results in an enhanced cluster formation of osteoblasts grown on this surface and in an increased expression of key osteogenic regulatory genes in osteoblasts. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Modeling the nitrogenase FeMo cofactor with high‐spin Fe8S9X+ (XN, C) clusters. Is the first step for N2 reduction to NH3 a concerted dihydrogen transfer?
Authors: Mckee Michael L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA high‐spin Fe8S9X+ (XN, C) cluster is used to model the reduction of molecular nitrogen to ammonia by the nitrogenase FeMo cofactor at the B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p)/ECP(Fe,SDD) level of theory. A total of seventy‐three structures were optimized (including three transition state optimizations) to explore the structure and energetic of N2, C2H2, and CO coordination to the Fe8S9X+ cluster. After three protonation–reduction (PR) steps (modeled by addition of hydrogen atoms), N2, C2H2, and CO are predicted to bind to a Fe atom in the exo (cage does not open) position with binding energies of 7.6, 14.7, and 11.7 kcal/mol. With additional PR steps the coordination number of the core nitrogen atom is reduced from six to five and the bridging thiol group becomes a terminal SH2 group. The fifth and sixth PR steps occur on the core nitrogen and the open Fe site. Coordination of N2 is enhanced after six PR steps to give an intermediate ideally suited for a concerted dihydrogen transfer from the Fe and core nitrogen atoms to the coordinated N2. The identity of the central atom (nitrogen or carbon) has only a minor effect on the reaction steps. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2007