bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directed, ordered and related: The male and female interpersonal relation in Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics
Authors: Stephenson Lisa P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis article examines Karl Barth's conception of the interpersonal relation of male and female and demonstrates that, although Barth superimposes the concept of order within the Trinity onto the specific interpersonal relation of male and female, there is provision within his anthropology concerning interpersonal relations in general (i.e. interpersonal relations which are irrespective of sexual distinctions) to correct this error. I focus on Barth's exegesis of the creation narratives in Church Dogmatics III/1 and his discussion of the interpersonal relation of male and female in Church Dogmatics III/4. Then, because of Barth's principle of analogia relationis, I will briefly examine his doctrine of the Trinity in Church Dogmatics I/1. Whereas the role of christology in Barth's anthropology is frequently highlighted, there is often little regard for the trinitarian grounding of Barth's anthropology, especially with regard to the interpersonal relation of male and female. Finally, I will look at Barth's discussion of interpersonal relations in general in Church Dogmatics III/2 where he delineates a principle of the ‘priority of the other’, which serves to redeem his anthropological statements on the humanity of male and female. I contend that the recognition of the imago Dei in the interpersonal relation of male and female, sustained by the priority of the other, is a better way to achieve the personhood of both sexes than Barth's proposed static relational order.
The emergent church and neo-correlational theology after Tillich, Schleiermacher and Browning
Authors: Keuss Jeff 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWhat has ‘emerged’ in the ‘emerging church’ movement, through writers such as Brian McLaren, is merely a new form of correlational theology – or what I will term ‘neo-correlational theology’. This ‘emergent’ movement aligns itself with Paul Tillich's systematic presentation of what he termed a ‘theology of culture’ addressed in his 1919 lecture ‘Über die Idee einer Theologie der Kultur’ and is deeply rooted in theological essentialisms aligned with Friedrich Schleiermacher and Don Browning. While many adherents of the Emergent movement have recently attempted to catalogue its theological legacy, this article will address three key emphases which haunt the corners of its discourse yet remain largely unacknowledged. First, the heritage of Schleiermacher's notion of ‘feeling’ as an authentic categorical form of knowledge forged through radical reflexivity which is the proper domain for authenticity in the Emergent movement. Second, as underscored in Tillich's Theology of Culture, the church as ‘emergent’ is profoundly imminent and therefore necessarily social, positivistic and historical. Third, theological anthropology is understood primarily through our freedom over and (at times) against the necessity of redemption. The question this article will address is whether or not such an approach reimagined as ‘neo-correlational theology’ and actualised through the ‘emerging church’ movement tacitly relies upon a more traditional theology which it explicitly rejects.
Critical Postliberalism: Lindbeck's cultural-linguistic system and the socially extrasystemic
Authors: Heather Noel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractI argue that Lindbeck's notion of religion as a cultural-linguistic system may be profitably considered in the light of contemporary socio-linguistic concerns orientated towards the critical analysis of real-world language usage. Examples drawn from observation are used to show how, by combining Lindbeck's approach with Critical Discourse Analysis (Critical Postliberalism), extrasystemic features of religion and religious language can be perceived which link with a basic (R1–R2) dialectic. The latter can be correlated not only with the observable product of socio-theological grammars in believing communities today, but also with salient features of the gospels. Regional and other culturally related variations appear within limits to be accommodated by the model.
JOHN HARBISON'S ‘MIRABAI SONGS’: RELIGION, RITUAL, LOVE AND EROTICISM
Authors: Bonous-Smit Barbara 
Published: October 2008

Captured by the 16th-century Indian poetess Mirabai and her works (transcribed by Robert Bly), John Harbison was especially intrigued with the manner in which she combined religion with ritual and eroticism. He has stated:Her answers involved the ecstatic, the devotional and the artistic, but her independence and resolve and her dancer's vitality led my setting toward narrative and characterization, unusual territory for a song cycle.
Memes shape brains shape memes
Authors: Blackmore Susan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChristiansen & Chater's (C&C's) arguments share with memetics the ideas that language is an evolving organism and that brain capacities shape language by influencing the fitness of memes, although memetics also claims that memes in turn shape brains. Their rejection of meme theory is based on falsely claiming that memes must be consciously selected by sighted watchmakers.
The origin of language as a product of the evolution of double-scope blending
Authors: Fauconnier Gilles , Turner Mark 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMeaning construction through language requires advanced mental operations also necessary for other higher-order, specifically human behaviors. Biological evolution slowly improved conceptual mapping capacities until human beings reached the level of double-scope blending, perhaps 50 to 80 thousand years ago, at which point language, along with other higher-order human behaviors, became possible. Languages are optimized to be driven by the principles and powers of double-scope blending.
Why and how the problem of the evolution of Universal Grammar (UG) is hard
Authors: Harnad Stevan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChristiansen & Chater (C&C) suggest that language is an organism, like us, and that our brains were not selected for Universal Grammar (UG) capacity; rather, languages were selected for learnability with minimal trial-and-error experience by our brains. This explanation is circular: Where did our brain's selective capacity to learn all and only UG-compliant languages come from?
Emotional responses in mother-infant musical interactions: A developmental perspective
Authors: Longhi Elena 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWith this commentary, I raise two issues relevant to the theoretical framework from a developmental perspective. First, the infants' emotional responses are induced by the music as well as by the multimodal information they perceive in interaction with their mothers, and these responses change with time. Second, contrary to what is suggested in the target article, musical expectancy is already experienced by young infants.
Shift from first generation antipsychotics to olanzapine may improve health-related quality of life of stable but residually symptomatic schizophrenic outpatients: A prospective, randomized study
Authors: Joffe Grigori , Sintonen Harri , Appelberg Björn 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:The aim of this study was to elucidate, whether shift from first generation antipsychotics (FGA) to olanzapine can affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of residually symptomatic schizophrenic outpatients.Methods:Patients were randomized to either olanzapine or to continuation on their FGA. The 15D-measured HRQoL at baseline and end-point (after 12 weeks) was compared.Results:Patients (n= 21) randomized to olanzapine achieved better HRQoL than those (n= 21) who continued on their FGA. This difference on the 15D (0.048 on a 0–1 scale;p= .037) was clinically important and comparable to that resulting from common surgical interventions, for example, hip or knee replacement.Conclusions:HRQoL of stable outpatients with residual symptoms or adverse effects may improve substantially after shift from FGAs to olanzapine.
Reuse of single use medical devices in Canada: Clinical and economic outcomes, legal and ethical issues, and current hospital practice
Authors: Hailey David , Jacobs Philip D. , Ries Nola M. , Polisena Julie 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the evidence that reuse of medical devices marketed for single use only (SUDs) is safe, effective and cost-effective, and to consider the use and health services impact of this practice in Canada.Methods:A systematic review was performed of studies that reported clinical or economic outcomes following reuse of SUDs in humans. Direct costs of adverse health events associated with SUD reuse and indications of budget impact were obtained using data for devices for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and coronary angioplasty. Legal and ethical issues were reviewed, drawing on material relevant to Canada. Data on current reuse of SUDs were obtained through a survey of Canadian acute care hospitals.Results:Studies of variable quality suggested that SUD reuse could be safe and effective, and would give cost savings, if there were no adverse events. Eliminating reuse of SUDs for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and coronary angioplasty would add less than 0.1 percent to costs of the procedures over 1 year. Adverse health events associated with device reuse create liability risks; patients should be informed of any known or foreseeable risks of reuse. Most of the 28 percent (111/398) of acute hospitals that reprocess SUDs do so in-house. Some do not have a written policy or an incident reporting mechanism.Conclusions:There is insufficient evidence to establish the safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of reusing SUDs. Legal and ethical issues require attention to minimize liability and maintain patient safety and trust. Some hospitals that reprocess SUDs do not have adequate documentation. These findings do not support the reuse of SUDs in Canadian hospitals.
An Adaptive Sensor Fusion Method with Applications in Integrated Navigation
Authors: Jwo Dah-Jing , Weng Tsu-Pin 
Published: October 2008

The Kalman filter (KF) is a form of optimal estimator characterized by recursive evaluation, which has been widely applied to the navigation sensor fusion. Utilizing the KF requires that all the plant dynamics and noise processes are completely known, and the noise process is zero mean white noise. If the theoretical behaviour of the filter and its actual behaviour do not agree, divergence problems tend to occur. The adaptive algorithm has been one of the approaches to prevent divergence problems in the Kalman filter when precise knowledge on the system models is not available. Two popular types of adaptive Kalman filter are the innovation-based adaptive estimation (IAE) approach and the adaptive fading Kalman filter (AFKF) approach. In this paper, an approach involving the concept of the two methods is presented. The proposed method is a synergy of the IAE and AFKF approaches. The ratio of the actual innovation covariance based on the sampled sequence to the theoretical innovation covariance will be employed for dynamically tuning two filter parameters – fading factors and measurement noise scaling factors. The method has the merits of good computational efficiency and numerical stability. The matrices in the KF loop are able to remain positive definitive. Navigation sensor fusion using the proposed scheme will be demonstrated. Performance of the proposed scheme on the loosely coupled GPS/INS navigation applications will be discussed.
The biotic effects of large bolide impacts: size versus time and place
Authors: Walkden Gordon , Parker Julian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn estimating the biotic effects of large terrestrial impacts we are reliant upon apparent crater diameter as a proxy for impact magnitude. This underlies the ‘kill-curve’ approach which graphs crater diameter directly against likely percentage losses of taxa. However, crater diameter is a complex product of syn- and post-impact processes that can be site-dependent. Furthermore, location (global positioning) and timing (moment in geological history) also strongly influence biotic effects. We examine four of our largest and best-documented Phanerozoic impacts to explore this more holistic size–time–place relationship. Only the c. 180 km end-Cretaceous Chicxulub crater (Mexico) links to any substantial immediate extinction and some of the worst effects stem from where it struck the planet (a continental margin carbonate platform site) and when (a time of high regional and global biodiversity). Both the c. 100 km late Triassic Manicouagan crater in NE Canada (arid continental interior, low regional and world biodiversity) and the c. 35 Ma 100 km Popigai crater, Siberia (continental arctic desert) provide much less damaging scenarios. However the c. 90 km Chesapeake Bay crater, Eastern USA (also c. 35 Ma) marks a far more sensitive (Chicxulub-like) site but it also proved relatively benign. Here the rheologically varied shallow marine target site produced an anomalously broad crater, and the scale of the impact has evidently been overestimated. We offer a new approach to the graphical prediction of biotic risk in which both crater diameter and a generalised time/place factor we term ‘vulnerability’ are variables.
SNP in intron 5 of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) gene and its genetic effects on important economic traits in geese
Authors: Zhong Liang , Hong-Quan Chen , Hua-Yun Huang , Li-Sha Zha , Hua Chen 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIntron 5 of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) gene was cloned and its single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was tested by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in Wanxi White geese (WW) (Anser anser). The carcass, meat quality and feather-down traits of 116 geese from WW males×Sichuan White goose (A. anser) females were assessed and analysed in association with SNP. The results showed that the sequence length of intron 5 of the HMGR gene in geese was 704 bp, and the homology between goose and chicken was 44.0%. A SNP site was tested in intron 5 by PCR-SSCP, and frequencies of alleles A and B at the SNP site were 0.7716 and 0.2284, respectively. The effects of genotype AA were significant, not only on an increase of chest muscle weight, stomach gland weight (P<0.05), fibre diameter of chest muscle and 1000-down weight (P<0.01), but also on a decrease of down water-holding percentage and pH of chest muscle 45 min after slaughterP<0.05). The effect of genotype AB was in the opposite direction to that of genotype AA.
Plant gene targeting and gene replacement: application to crop genetic improvement
Authors: Xiao-hui Zhang , Zhi-biao Ye , Yu-yang Zhang , Zheng Hou , Han-xia Li 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecent advances and limitations of using zinc finger nuclease to stimulate a high efficiency of homologous recombination, and chimeric oligonucleotides to promote single base replacement in functional genomic research and plant genetic breeding, are systematically reviewed. Approaches to improve gene targeting efficiency through molecular modification of key pathways in plant homologous recombination are also discussed.
Temporary Seismic Broadband Network Acquired Data on Hellenic Subduction Zone
Authors: Friederich Wolfgang , Meier Thomas 
Published: October 2008

Data acquired from a network of seismic broadband stations that recently operated in the eastern Mediterranean region will be made available to the seismological community after the project concludes, in June 2011. The network, which consisted of both land and ocean bottom seismographs, functioned from October 2005 until its deinstallation in March 2007 as part of the Exploring the Geodynamics of Subducted Lithosphere Using an Amphibian Deployment of Seismo graphs (EGELADOS) project (Figure 1). The network, which covered the entire southern Aegean Sea from the Peloponnesus region in the west to western Turkey in the east, was designed to study seismicity as well as the distribution of the elastic and anelastic material properties in the Hellenic subduction zone to better understand its complex geotectonic setting and evolution.The network encompassed 45 Güralp 60‐second seismometers, four Streckeisen STS‐2 seismo meters, and seven 1‐hertz Mark seismometers at land sites. The seismometers were supplemented by 22 ocean bottom seismographs equipped with Güralp 60‐second seismometers and broadband hydrophones. In addition, the network was designed to incorporate the seven permanent broadband seismographs of the GeoForschungsNetz (GEOFON) network and one Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network (MedNet) station.
Physical protein–protein interactions predicted from microarrays
Authors: Soong Ta-tsen , Wrzeszczynski Kazimierz O. , Rost Burkhard 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Microarray expression data reveal functionally associated proteins. However, most proteins that are associated are not actually in direct physical contact. Predicting physical interactions directly from microarrays is both a challenging and important task that we addressed by developing a novel machine learning method optimized for this task.
Results: We validated our support vector machine-based method on several independent datasets. At the same levels of accuracy, our method recovered more experimentally observed physical interactions than a conventional correlation-based approach. Pairs predicted by our method to very likely interact were close in the overall network of interaction, suggesting our method as an aid for functional annotation. We applied the method to predict interactions in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). A Gene Ontology function annotation analysis and literature search revealed several probable and novel predictions worthy of future experimental validation. We therefore hope our new method will improve the annotation of interactions as one component of multi-source integrated systems.
Contact: ts2186@columbia.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pristionchus pacificus: A Genetic Model System for the Study of Evolutionary Developmental Biology and the Evolution of Complex Life-History Traits
Authors: Rae Robbie , Schlager Benjamin , Sommer Ralf J. 
Published: October 2008

INTRODUCTIONPristionchus pacificus is a nematode that has been established as a model system for evolutionary developmental biology. Initially, P. pacificus was used as a convenient nematode with which to compare the processes of vulva and gonad development as well as sex determination to Caenorhabditis elegans, one of the best-studied animal models. P. pacificus shares many features with C. elegans, including a short generation time, its ability to be easily cultured in the laboratory, and self-fertilization as a mode of reproduction. These features allowed forward and reverse genetic tools to be developed for this species. The application of these tools for genetic and molecular analysis of vulva formation revealed substantial differences between P. pacificus and C. elegans. The genome of P. pacificus has recently been sequenced and showed an expansion of protein-coding genes compared with C. elegans. Interestingly, the P. pacificus genome encodes some genes, such as cellulases, that are known to be present only in plant-parasitic nematodes. Many of the putative functions of the predicted genes in the genome are related to the ecology of P. pacificus and other Pristionchus species. Pristionchus nematodes can be isolated from beetles and soil, indicating that the ecology of P. pacificus is strikingly different from that of C. elegans. Generally, Pristionchus species show an unexpected level of species specificity in their beetle associations, providing a unique opportunity to study the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions of organisms in the environment. Thus, P. pacificus is not only an established model system for evolutionary developmental biology, but also an emerging model system for the evolution of complex life-history traits.
Isolation of RNA and DNA from Biofilm Samples Obtained by Laser Capture Microdissection Microscopy: Figure 1.
Authors: Pérez-Osorio Ailyn C. , Franklin Michael J. 
Published: October 2008

INTRODUCTIONThe metabolic activities of bacteria growing in biofilms result in spatial gradients of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. Because bacteria respond to local environmental conditions through changes in gene expression, mRNA levels of individual genes may vary spatially among bacteria within the biofilm. This article describes an approach to isolate RNA for quantification from cells at localized sites within biofilms. Biofilm thin sections are generated by embedding biofilms in cryoembedding resin, freezing the embedded biofilms on dry ice, and cutting with a cryomicrotome. The sections are placed on membrane-coated microscope slides and maintained on dry ice. Laser capture microdissection microscopy (LCMM) is used to dissect small subsets of cells at different regions within the biofilms, and RNA is extracted from the samples using either hot phenol or TRI reagent. A TRI reagent-based DNA extraction method is also presented.
Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization of Spider Embryos
Authors: Prpic Nikola-Michael , Schoppmeier Michael , Damen Wim G.M. 
Published: October 2008

INTRODUCTIONThe spider Cupiennius salei, commonly known as the American wandering spider, is a particularly useful laboratory model for embryological studies because of the availability of tools to study and manipulate its embryonic development. Cupiennius is used to study axis formation, segmentation, appendage development, neurogenesis, and silk production. These studies contribute to our understanding of the evolution of these processes, but they also help us to understand the origin and diversification of evolutionary novelties. Comparisons between spiders and insects can show the degree of conservation and divergence of developmental mechanisms during arthropod evolution. Any embryological feature conserved between spiders and insects is likely to represent an ancestral feature for arthropods. Comparative molecular embryological work in insects and spiders should eventually allow us to define a molecular archetype for the phylum Arthropoda. This in itself will be a necessary cornerstone for comparing the different metazoan phyla, including chordates. This protocol describes the detection of transcripts in fixed C. salei embryos using whole-mount in situ hybridization.