bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene and 9‐hydroxybenzo (a) pyrene by liver microsomal fractions
Authors: Lubet Ronald A. , Capdevila Jorge , Prouoh Russell A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rat liver microsome‐mediated bacterial mutagenicity test showed 9‐hydroxybenzo (a) pyrene to be significantly more effective as a pre‐mutagen than benzo (a) pyrene. Experiments measuring the ability of these compounds to be metabolically activated to moieties that alky late exogenous DNA demonstrated that 9‐hydroxybenzo (a) pyrene was almost six times more effective than benzo (a) pyrene itself. Addition of trichloropropene‐2,3‐oxide to the reaction mixture enhanced the mutagenicity and DNA alkylation by benzo (a) pyrene but had little or no effect on the 9‐hydroxybenzo (a) pyrenemediated mutagenicity and alkylation. On the other hand, 7,8‐benzoflavone inhibited the microsome‐mediated mutagenicity and DNA alkylating activity of both hydrocarbons.
Inverse correlation between cell‐surface adhesiveness and malignancy in mouse fibroblastoid cell lines
Authors: Bubeník Jan , Perlmann Peter , Fenyö Eva Maria , Jandlová Táň , Šuhajová Eva , Malkovský Miroslav 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe correlation between tumorigenicity and cell‐surface adhesiveness was investigated in eight mouse fibroblastoid cell lines. Four of the lines (Mc 11‐Mc 15) were derived from mouse MC‐induced fibrosarcomas, two were derivatives of L cells (A9, A9HT), and two (clone 3 and clone 7 H7F4) were obtained by fusion of A9HT cells with normal diploid mouse lymphocytes. Quantitative comparison of cellular adhesive properties by the Latex particle adherence assay indicated that higher malignancy of some lines (Mc 11, 13, 14, A9HT cl 7 H7F4) was regularly associated with lower cell‐surface adhesiveness and, conversely, lower malignancy of the other lines (Mc 15, A9, cl 3) with high cell‐surface adhesiveness. The differences in adhesiveness of cell lines of high and low malignancy were determined by cell subsets not attaching any Latex particles (24.6–61.9% of cells in highly and 4.6–12.0% in slightly tumorigenic lines) and cell subsets attaching more than 25 Latex particles per cell (14.6–17.2% In highly and 46.1–71.4% in less tumorigenic lines).
Discrepant effects of interferon on murine syngeneic ascites tumors and their solid metastastzing counterparts
Authors: Ryd W. , Hagmar B. , Lundgren E. , Strannegård Ö. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of interferon on mice with syngeneic tumors growing either intraperitoneally or as solid tumors were analyzed. The same dose that depressed the growth of ascites tumors, enhanced growth and in one case metastasizability of the corresponding solid tumors. The possibility that this was due to some host reaction is discussed. It seems important to develop animal models for analyzing interferon effects before treatment is initiated in human tumor disease.
Oesophageal cancer and alcohol consumption; importance of type of beverage
Authors: Tuyns A. J. , Péquignot G. , Abbatucci J. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of alcohol consumption in oesophageal cancer in Normandy has been studied by a retrospective study of 312 male cases and 869 controls. The linear relationship between the logarithm of risk and overall daily alcohol consumption was confirmed after adjustment for tobacco. The role of each specific alcoholic beverage was further investigated by computing relative risks for individuals consuming a given beverage and for those drinking other beverages only, within each overall alcohol consumption category. It is concluded: (1) that there is a linear relationship between the logarithm of risk of oesophageal cancer and overall daily ethanol consumption, whatever the beverage; (2) that the effect is more marked for strong beverages (digestives) than for lighter beverages; (3) that there is an additional risk related to apple brandy and cider.
Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical localization of immunoglobulin synthesis in tumor cells in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Reynès M. , Paczynski V. , Galtier M. , Diebold J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immunocytochemical and uitrastructural study using the Fab fragment of an anti‐human Ig antibody labelled with peroxidase was carried out on affected lymph nodes from five Hodgkin's disease patients. The tumor cells (Reed‐Sternberg cells and Hodgkin cells) showed an exclusively hyaloplasmic granular staining. By comparing these grains with ribosome staining of the endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells it could be suggested that they are free risobomes. This ribosomal Ig synthesis is a major argument for the B lymphocyte nature of Reed‐Sternberg and Hodgkin cells. The total absence of vacuole staining allows us to conclude that these cells are not histiocytic or macrophage derivatives.
Some environmental and bodily characteristics of melanoma patients. A case‐control study
Authors: Klepp Olbjørn , Magnus Knut 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case‐control study Including 78 patients with malignant melanoma of the skin and 131 controls with the diagnoses of malignant lymphoma, testicular cancer or bone and soft‐tissue sarcoma, was performed at the Norwegian Radium Hospital 1974–1975. The questionnaire contained questions for evaluating the comparability between cases and controls, and questions bearing on the relation between sun exposure and malignant melanoma. No essential difference between cases and controls was found as regards hair and eye colour, time spent outdoors during leisure, and degree of solar exposure. The melanoma patients liked sunbathing less than controls, worked more outdoors, more often went to Southern Europe for sunbathing and more often used sun lotions. These differences, however, were not clearly statistically significant. Highly significant differences were demonstrated as regards the tolerance of sun exposure and propensity to freckling. The melanoma patients tolerated sun exposure less well and freckled more easily than the controls. Although attempts were made to eliminate bias, there are still limitations and loop‐holes in the study, and the relative risks demonstrated are not large enough to be of great immediate practical or scientific value. It seems justified, however, to advise persons with a low sun exposure tolerance to be cautious in following the sun‐tandemanding fashions. The study may also provide certain clues for the planning of future epidemiological and clinical studies regarding the etiology of malignant melanoma.
Immunosurveillance in pre‐malignant occupational bladder disease
Authors: Taylor G. , Kumar S. , Brenchley P. , Wilson P. , Costello B. , Shaw G. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA population of workers exposed to bladder carcinogens has been studied by comparing their immunoreactivity against bladder cancer cells and against a control cancer cell with that found in normal individuals and in patients with bladder cancer. Data are presented which indicate equivalent increases in specific reactivity against bladder cancer cells in clinically normal carcinogen‐exposed workers and in patients with bladder cancer. Increases in reactivity are related to degree of exposure and also to early malignant changes in the urothelium. This indicates that immune recognition of tumour antigens does occur before development of overt malignancy.
Establishment and characterization of a human null‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma cell line (K‐LL‐3)
Authors: Smith Stephen D. , Rosen David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new cell line (K‐LL‐3) with exceptional characteristics was derived from a bone‐marrow aspirate from a patient with poorly differentiated lymphoblastic lymphoma. The cell line was established and the cells maintained on agar feeders for over 1 year. The morphology and cytochemical staining of the primary tumor and the cell line were remarkably similar. The growth characteristics, chromosome pattern, cell‐surface receptors and Epstein‐Barr virus studies clearly differentiated this cell line from non‐malignant lymphoblastoid cell lines. The assay technique used was able to correlate in vitro colony growth with the patient's clinical course. The cells grew on the agar as colonies rather than as a single‐cell suspension, and individual colonies could be aspirated and successfully passaged. The K‐LL‐3 cells lacked cell‐surface markers (cytoplasmic and surface immunoglobulins, Fc receptors, C3 receptors, SRBC) except HL‐A and thus were classified as null cells. These cells were EBNA (Epstein‐Barr virus‐specific nuclear antigen) negative and had a pseudodiploid 46XY karyotype.
Murine natural anti‐tumor antibodies. I. Rapid in vivo binding of natural antibody by tumor cells in syngeneic mice
Authors: Wolosin L. B. , Greenberg A. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of cell‐bound antibody was used to study the in vivo acquisition of immunoglobulin (Ig) by tumor cells. Several tumor lines acquired Ig rapidly between 3 and 18 h after intraperitoneal implantation into normal syngeneic mice and this Ig was recovered by elution with basic or acid buffers. The Ig eluted from the L5178Y lymphoma showed higher binding to the L5178Y than to thymocytes, bone‐marrow cells, 1509a sarcoma and P‐815‐X2 mastocytoma. In addition, binding of the eluates to the L5178Y was specifically inhibited by L5178Y cells or by solubilized membrane antigens of the L5178Y. The in vivo acquisition of Ig by the L5178Y could also be blocked by the IV and IP injections of tumor antigen although both L5178Y and 1509a solubilized membrane antigens were effective. Some of the Ig acquired by the tumor cells was found to be complement‐fixing antibody since normal rabbit complement lysed 80% of L5178Y cells obtained from the peritoneal cavity of syngeneic mice 18 h after implantation, but did not lyse in vitro L5178Y cells. The in vivo binding of the complement‐fixing antibodies was also inhibited by tumor antigens in the same way as the acquisition of Ig detected by RIA. It was shown that the acquisition of Ig during the first 18 h of IP growth was a T‐independent phenomenon because tumor cells acquire as much Ig in AT × BM mice as in sham‐thymectomized controls. In a study with 11 different clones derived from the L5178Y lymphoma, a high correlation (r = 0.75, p<0.005) was found between the amount of Ig acquired after in vivo implantation and the amount of Ig bound to the cells after in vitro incubation with normal syngeneic serum. It is suggested that the rapid in vivo acquisition of Ig was due to the in vivo binding of natural antibodies to tumor cells.
Treatment of micrometastases from lewis lung carcinoma with abrin and cyclophosphamide, given singly and in combination
Authors: Gundersen Stein , Fodstad Öystein 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of the plant toxin abrin and of cyclophosphamide given as adjuvant chemotherapy after irradiation of the primary tumor was studied in mice bearing intramuscularly growing Lewis lung carcinoma. The chemotherapy was given immediately after irradiation performed 9 days after inoculation of 105 tumor cells. The drugs were given in bolus injections either as single agents or concurrently. The therapeutic effect was assessed by recording the appearance of lung metastases on day 21 or the number of long‐term survivors, i.e. animals alive at day 60. In the control group 21±3.4 (SD) macroscopic lung colonies was recorded on day 21. Mean survival time was 25.5 days with none of the mice alive at day 60. The optimal abrin dose (612.5 ng/kg IV) reduced the number of lung metastases to 2.3±0.8 and yielded 37% long‐term survivors (11/30). The optimal dose of cyclophosphamide (150 mg kg IP) reduced the number of lung colonies to <1 and yielded 61% survivors (14/23). Small to moderate doses of abrin significantly potentiated the therapeutic effect of cyclophosphamide without increasing the toxicity. The best results (18/20 or 90% long‐term survivors) were obtained when the optimal dose of cyclophosphamide, 150 mg/kg, was combined with 350 ng/kg of abrin. The results obtained in this highly resistant tumor suggest that combinations of the two drugs may be useful also in other tumor types.
Reproducibility and relation to specific and non‐specific anti‐tumor resistance of the tumor “sneaking through” phenomenon
Authors: Deichman G. I. , Kluchareva T. E. , Kashkina L. M. , Matveeva V. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe reproducibility and immunological specificity of the tumor “sneaking through” phenomenon and enhancement of tumor growth were studied in syngeneic and random‐bred Syrian hamsters by means of a quantitative modification of the transplantation test. After primary challenge the phenomenon was neither observed in normal animals nor in animals effectively immunized against tumor. However, it was regularly observed in some “immune” animals after secondary challenge. In primary challenge of animals “sneaking through” phenomenon was most often observed in animals pretreated with large doses of heat‐inactivated tumor cells. This characteristic could not be transferred with serum of pretreated animals. In contrast to specific tumor immunity, the “sneaking through” phenomenon appeared to be immunologically non‐specific. This was observed in cross‐transplantation tests with tumor cells bearing different TSTAs. Thus, TSTA is not an inducer and apparently not a target for a response leading to enhancement of tumor growth in pretreated hamsters. Experiments demonstrating enhanced tumor growth in pretreated animals at the same time demonstrate two other possibly more essential findings: (1) normal animals are naturally resistant to transplantation of 1 to about 1 × 103 (or more) tumor cells; and (2) this resistance can be totally abrogated by the pretreatment of normal animals with tumor cell preparations. The preliminary data demonstrate that abrogation of natural anti‐tumor resistance in adult hamsters subsequently inoculated with SV40 leads to rapid development of primary tumors in such animals. The development of specific anti‐tumor immune response in animals treated with inactivated tumor cell preparations was also studied. Significant non‐specific inhibition of primary and secondary anti‐tumor immune response in Syrian hamsters treated with inactivated syngeneic tumor cells was observed. The data obtained are considered to demonstrate two anti‐tumor defense systems in the animal, i. e., nonspecific natural resistance and specific anti‐tumor immunity. The first seems to be responsible for elimination of low numbers of tumor cells in the normal organism and also to be essential for effective induction and functioning of the specific anti‐tumor immunity.
Long‐term T‐cell‐mediated immunity to Epstein‐Barr virus in man. II. Components necessary for regression in virus‐infected leukocyte cultures
Authors: Rickinson A. B. , Moss D. J. , Pope J. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRegression of EB‐virus‐induced transformation occurs exclusively in cultures of leukocytes from seropositive donors. Studies have shown that the strength of regression could be assayed in terms of the proportion of T cells which must be added to the autologous EB virus‐infected T‐cell‐depleted population in order to establish regression in the culture. The in vitro regression phenomenon was strongly T‐cell‐dependent but did not require the presence of either monocytes or, as a potential antigenic stimulus, the residual viral envelope material on the surface of virus‐infected B cells. The T‐cell‐depleted population from seropositive donors sometimes transformed (7/60 cultures) without the experimental addition of virus. Regression appeared to be independent of cytotoxic mechanisms involving anti‐viral antibodies and not to be mediated by soluble factors released into culture medium.
CEA and non‐specific cross‐reacting antigen (NCA) in medullary carcinomas of the thyroid
Authors: Burtin P. , Calmettes C. , Fondaneche M. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immunohistological study of five cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid was undertaken with monospecific antisera against CEA and NCA. CEA was present in different areas of the tumors: cell cytoplasm, cell membrane at its apical pole when the tumor had a pseudoglandular organization, deposits in the lumen of pseudoglands, and peri‐and extra‐cellular deposits. From these extra‐cellular deposits, CEA could easily reach the circulation, thus causing rising serum levels up to high values. NCA was found in the same tumors and in the same localizations.
Intracranial heterotransplantation of human hematopoietic cells in nude mice
Authors: Schaadt Michael , Kirchner Hartmut , Fonatsch Christa , Diehl Volker 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA panel of established cell lines and many primary cell specimens from lymphomas and leukemias as well as from normal lymphatic tissues were tested for tumorigenicity by intracranial hetero‐transplantation in nude mice. Not only lymphoma and leukemia cell lines, but also lymphoblastoid cell lines, lacking markers of malignancy, were tumorigenic in the brains of nude mice. These findings indicate that tumorigenicity following intracranial heterotransplantation in nude mice cannot be used as proof for the malignant nature of established cell lines. Heterotransplantation of primary cell specimens yielded only a few tumor takes. When primary cells were infected with exogenous Epstein‐Barr virus prior to the transplantation procedure, tumorigenicity could be significantly increased. Cytogenetic evaluation of tumors growing after intracranial transplantation of human hematopoietic cells showed, in some cases, a selection of cytogenetically aberrant cell clones.
Relationship between the Epstein‐Barr virus genome and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Caucasian patients
Authors: Andersson‐Anvret Maria , Forsby Nils , Klein George , Henle Werner , Biörklund Anders 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to explore whether undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) shows a regular association with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), regardless of the geographical and ethnic origin of the patient, a correlated histopathological and nucleic acid hybridization study was performed on biopsies from Caucasian patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomas and from various controls. Among 12 undifferentiated NPCs, 11 were positive for EBV‐DNA, with multiple copies of the viral genome per cell. Serological tests showed elevated anti‐VCA and anti‐EA (DA) titers. Six NPCs with various degrees of squamous differentiation, four malignant lymphomas of the nasopharynx and seven carcinomas located outside the nasopharynx were EBV‐DNA negative. These findings further stress the uniqueness and regularity of the association between EBV‐DNA and undifferentiated NPC. Clearly, the association extends over geographical barriers and holds true not only in the previously studied, moderate‐incidence African ethnic group, but also in the low‐incidence Western patients.
HLA antigens in familial Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Greene Mark H. , McKeen Elisabeth A. , Li Frederick P. , Blattner William A. , Fraumeni Joseph F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a study of 13 families prone to Hodgkin's disease, the probands showed significant excesses of the HLA antigens Bw35 (7 cases) and Bw37 (3 cases). Although based on a small number of patients, the results suggest that immunogenetic mechanisms account at least partly for the familial predisposition to Hodgkin's disease.
Macrophage‐dependent, NK‐cell‐independent “natural” surveillance of tumours in syngeneic mice
Authors: Chow D. A. , Greene M. I. , Greenberg A. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study, which was designed to further characterize the “natural” T‐independent rejection of syngeneic tumours (Greenberg and Greene, 1976), has revealed the following points: (1) no detectable DBA/2 NK cell activity was demonstrated against the syngeneic tumour lines studied, and these tumours were insensitive to NK cells from high‐activity strains; (2) in addition the tumour frequencies in old and young mice receiving small tumour inocula were identical, in contrast with the reported decline in NK cell activity with age, suggesting that the surveillance of small inocula of these tumours was NK‐cell‐independent; (3) injection of silica intraperitoneally enhanced the frequency of tumours in normal and immunodeficient AT × BM mice, suggesting that the rejection mechanism was macrophage‐dependent; (4) the effects of silica injection were maximal if administered 3 days prior to tumour injection, indicating that the period of time in which the rejection mechanism must act was very limited; (5) silica markedly decreased the survival of AKR mice dying of spontaneous tumours, providing evidence that the effect of this agent was not limited to model systems but would influence the appearance of spontaneous tumours; (6) reticuloendothelial stimulants such as Mycobacterium butyricum and proteose peptone decreased the tumour frequency of small tumour inocula, indicating that the effector mechanism can be stimulated; and (7) soluble tumour antigen enhanced the tumour frequency in normal and immunodeficient mice, suggesting that the specific receptor molecule of the surveillance mechanism was not thymus‐dependent.
Effect of interferon on chronic infection of human cells by xenotropic type‐C viruses
Authors: Périès J. , Canivet M. , Rhodes‐Feuillette A. , Todaro G. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDifferent preparations of human interferon inhibit virus production in human cells chronically infected by a variety of type‐C xenotropic viruses. Some of these viruses have been incriminated in the development of leukemia in primates. The characteristics of blocking of viral multiplication are similar to those described for the effect of mouse interferon on ecotropic viruses. The amount of free virus in culture supernatants is strongly decreased while intracellular protein p30 stays unchanged or is slightly increased. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect is reversible. The withdrawal of interferon results in a rapid increase in virus production as detectable in supernatant fluids. In the light of these results it is suggested that human interferon might be useful in the treatment of some blood malignancies suspected of being related to infection with xenotropic type‐C viruses.
The effect of long‐term food restriction on tumours in rodents
Authors: Tucker Mary J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of restricting food intake by approximately 20% was studied in rats and mice. Both species were fed a similar “natural” diet composed chiefly of cereals and bone meal. The duration of the rat study was 24 months, but mice were studied for their whole lifespan of 36 months. In the mice, restriction increased longevity, and in both species the incidence of tumours was reduced and the onset delayed. The effect upon the different types of tumour varied; some types appeared to be unaffected by restriction, but the most common types in each species, liver tumours in mice, pituitary, mammary and skin tumours in rats, were significantly reduced.