bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonist of interferon‐inducible protein 10/CXCL10 ameliorates the progression of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Hasegawa Hitoshi , Inoue Atsushi , Kohno Masashi , Muraoka Masatake , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Terada Miho , Nakayama Takashi , Yoshie Osamu , Nose Masato , Yasukawa Masaki 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveMononuclear cell infiltration of the salivary glands is a major feature of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and its animal model. Local generation of chemokines and the presence of chemokine receptors on the infiltrating cells may be involved in this process. We undertook the present study to investigate the expression of chemokines during the development of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice and the therapeutic effect of chemokine antagonists on sialadenitis.MethodsNH2‐terminal–truncated interferon‐inducible protein 10 (IP‐10)/CXCL10 analogs were transfected into a nonmetastatic fibroblastoid cell line, MRL/N‐1, and injected subcutaneously into MRL/lpr mice, and the effects on sialadenitis were monitored.ResultsIP‐10 analogs truncated by 5 or more amino acid residues from the N‐terminal failed to induce chemotaxis and calcium influx by CXCR3‐expressing cells. Of these, the most potent antagonist (AT) (IP‐10–AT) was a molecule with methionine added after removal of the 5 N‐terminal amino acid residues. Significantly increased expression of the Th1‐associated chemokines IP‐10, monokine induced by interferon‐γ/CXCL9, and interferon‐inducible T cell chemoattractant/CXCL11 was induced in the ductal epithelium by interferon‐γ produced in the salivary glands, whereas expression of the Th2‐associated chemokines thymus and activation–regulated chemokine (TARC)/CCL17 and monocyte‐derived chemokine/CCL22 was almost undetectable during sialadenitis. Inoculation of IP‐10–AT into MRL/lpr mice during the early stage of sialadenitis significantly reduced periductal mononuclear cell infiltration and parenchymal destruction compared with these features in control and TARC‐AT–bearing mice. This was due to a significant reduction in infiltration of CXCR3+ T cells, predominantly Th1 cells, resulting in decreased interferon‐γ production.ConclusionWe prepared a novel potent IP‐10 antagonist and demonstrated its ability to ameliorate the progression of autoimmune sialadenitis. This agent may provide a new therapeutic approach to SS.
The complex nature of the interaction between disease activity and therapy on the lipid profile in patients with pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sarkissian Talin , Beyenne Joseph , Feldman Brian , Adeli Khosrow , Silverman Earl 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of lipid abnormalities at different times and to determine the influence of both the disease and corticosteroid therapy on lipid abnormalities in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsLipid measurements were obtained in an inception cohort of 139 pediatric patients with SLE (114 females). Fasting levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the SLE patients were compared with those in age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. Disease activity levels and medication dosages were obtained at the time of lipid measurements.ResultsAt the time of diagnosis, the mean levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were highest, whereas the mean levels of HDL cholesterol were lowest. The percentage of patients with abnormal triglyceride values was highest at diagnosis, decreased at year 1, and then remained relatively constant thereafter. The mean total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels decreased at year 1 as compared with the time of diagnosis and then remained relatively constant. The lowest mean HDL cholesterol levels were found at the time of diagnosis, and these values rose with time. Comparison of lipid levels at different prednisone dosages and disease activity levels revealed that changes in triglyceride levels were mainly associated with changes in disease activity, changes in both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were associated with changes in the prednisone dosage and not disease activity, and low levels of HDL cholesterol were associated with active SLE, whereas the prednisone dosage was associated with increased levels of HDL cholesterol.ConclusionFactors intrinsic to SLE appear to alter lipid levels. Control of SLE may be the most important factor in improving abnormal lipid profiles, and paradoxically, prednisone therapy may improve abnormal lipid levels.
Acute heavy‐resistance exercise–induced pain and neuromuscular fatigue in elderly women with fibromyalgia and in healthy controls: Effects of strength training
Authors: Valkeinen Heli , Häkkinen Arja , Hannonen Pekka , Häkkinen Keijo , Alén Markku 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo examine heavy‐resistance exercise–induced acute neuromuscular fatigue, blood lactate concentration, and muscle pain in elderly women with fibromyalgia (FM) and in healthy controls before and after a period of strength training.MethodsThirteen elderly women with FM (mean ± SD age 60 ± 2 years) and 10 healthy women (mean ± SD age 64 ± 3 years) performed a heavy‐resistance fatiguing protocol (5 sets of leg presses with 10 repetitions maximum) before and after a 21‐week strength training period. Maximal isometric force and electromyography (EMG) activity of leg extensors and blood lactate concentration were measured during the loading. Pain was assessed by visual analog scale.ResultsThe strength training led to large increases in maximal force and EMG activity of the muscles and contributed to the improvement in loading performance (average load/set) at week 21. The fatiguing loading sessions typically applied in strength training before and after the experimental period caused remarkable and comparable acute decreases in maximal force and increases in blood lactate concentration in both groups. Acute exercise‐induced muscle pain increased similarly in both groups, and the pain level in women with FM was lowered after the 21‐week training period.ConclusionThe increased strength in women with FM improved high‐load performance and also seemed to attenuate perceived pain. Acute exercise‐induced neuromuscular changes and the time course of muscle pain in women with FM were comparable with findings in healthy controls, which suggests a typical fatiguing process and a similar trainability of the muscles in elderly women with FM.
Genetic variation in toll‐like receptor 9 and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: De Jager Philip L. , Richardson Angela , Vyse Tim J. , Rioux John D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveAutoantibodies produced by differentiated B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR‐9) gene has recently emerged as an important costimulatory molecule for both B cells and dendritic cells that respond to chromatin immune complexes. Genetic variation affecting the function of TLR‐9 may therefore increase or decrease the threshold of B cell or dendritic cell activation. This variability in activation threshold may, in turn, affect an individual's susceptibility to SLE. This study assessed the role of genetic variation within the TLR‐9 gene in susceptibility to SLE.MethodsWe genotyped 362 SLE‐affected subject/parent trios for 10 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering a 68,742‐bp genomic segment that contains the TLR‐9 gene and ∼60 kb of flanking sequence. We analyzed the data using the transmission disequilibrium test.ResultsThere was no association of susceptibility to SLE with any of the 9 SNPs that generated usable data or the 8 haplotypes found at a frequency of >0.05 in this population. When analyzing the subset of 143 subjects with lupus nephritis, there was also no evidence of association between disease susceptibility and any SNP or haplotype.ConclusionThese results indicate that there is no evidence that common (frequency higher than 5%) alleles of the TLR‐9 gene contribute significantly to the genetic risk involved in susceptibility to SLE or lupus nephritis.
Intrauterine growth restriction in like‐sex twins discordant for structural defects
Authors: Chambers Christina D. , Castilla Eduardo E. , Orioli Ieda , Jones Kenneth L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn increased risk for intrauterine growth restriction in the affected member of like‐sex twin pairs discordant for hypospadias has been reported. The purpose of this study was to document patterns of birth weight disparities in like‐sex twins discordant for a variety of structural defects in order to determine if this is a general phenomenon seen in twins who are discordant for any malformation, is seen only in pairs discordant for certain specific malformations, or is unique to hypospadias.METHODSData were extracted from the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC). Between 1967 and 1999, all like‐sex twin pairs discordant for hypospadias or any other isolated defect that met the criteria of at least 5 discordant pairs for which birth weight was available on both twins were selected. All nonmalformed like‐sex twin pairs in the ECLAMC data base collected over the same study years were selected as controls.RESULTSA total of 216 discordant malformed like‐sex twin pairs in 13 defect categories and 328 nonmalformed like‐sex twin pairs met the criteria for inclusion. The proportion of affected infants who were ≥20% smaller than their co‐twin was statistically significantly different from controls for hypospadias, heart defects, anencephaly, and esophageal atresia.CONCLUSIONSIntrauterine growth restriction seen in the affected member of like‐sex twin pairs discordant for hypospadias is not unique, but occurs as well in at least 3 additional structural malformations. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Refolding strategies for ketosteroid isomerase following insoluble expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Hutchinson Matthew H. , Chase Howard A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDilution and column‐based protein refolding techniques are compared for refolding Δ5‐3‐ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) with a C‐terminus his6‐tag. Column refolding was performed by removing the denaturant while the protein was adsorbed in an immobilized metal affinity chromatography column. Both dilution refolding and a single‐step column‐based refolding strategy were optimized to maximize the recovery of KSI enzyme activity, and achieved refolding yields of 87% and 70% respectively. It was found that the column‐based refolding yield was reduced at higher adsorbed protein concentrations. An elution gradient with increasing imidazole concentration was used to selectively elute the biologically active KSI protein following column refolding, with high molecular weight KSI aggregates retained in the column. An iterative column‐refolding process was then developed to denature and refold protein retained in the column, which significantly increased the refolding yield at high‐adsorbed protein concentrations. Repetition of the column refolding operation increased the refolding yield from 50% to 75% for protein adsorbed at a concentration of 2.9 mg/mL of adsorbent. Although for the KSI protein column‐based refolding did not improve the overall refolding yield compared to dilution refolding, it may still be advantageous due to the ease of integration with purification operations, increased control over the refolding conditions, and the ability to segregate refolded protein from inactive aggregates during elution. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanded bed adsorption/desorption of proteins with Streamline Direct CST I adsorbent
Authors: Li Ping , Xiu Guohua , Mata Vera G. , Grande Carlos A. , Rodrigues Alirio E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractStreamline Direct CST I is a new type of ion exchanger with multi‐modal functional groups, specially designed for an expanded bed adsorption (EBA) process, which can capture directly the proteins from the high ionic strength feedstocks with a high binding capacity. In this study, an experimental study is carried out for two‐component proteins (BSA and myoglobin) competitive adsorption and desorption in an expanded bed packed with Streamline Direct CST I. Based on the measurements of the single‐ and two‐component bovine serum albumin (BSA)/myoglobin adsorption isotherm on Streamline Direct CST I, the binding and elution conditions for the whole EBA process are selected; and then frontal analysis for a longer timescale and column displacement experiments in a fixed bed (XK16/20 column) are carried out to evaluate the two‐component proteins (BSA and myoglobin) competitive adsorption and displacement on Streamline Direct CST I. Finally, the feasibility of capturing both BSA and myoglobin by an expanded bed packed with Streamline Direct CST I is addressed in a Streamline 50 column packed with 300 mL Streamline Direct CST I. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescent 5‐Alkynyl‐2′‐Deoxyuridines: High Emission Efficiency of a Conjugated Perylene Nucleoside in a DNA Duplex
Authors: Skorobogatyi Mikhail V. , Malakhov Andrei D. , Pchelintseva Anna A. , Turban Alexander A. , Bondarev Stanislav L. , Korshun Vladimir A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFour fluorescent 5‐alkynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridines were studied in DNA oligonucleotides and their duplexes. The fluorescence response to hybridization differs dramatically for nucleosides containing a perylene fluorochrome either conjugated or not conjugated to the nucleobase. The conjugated nucleoside, 5‐(perylen‐3‐ylethynyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine, shows enhanced long‐wavelength emission in the DNA duplex, in contrast to the blue fluorescence of perylene on a flexible linker (in 5‐[(perylen‐3‐yl)methoxyprop‐1‐ynyl]‐2′‐deoxyuridine), which is quenched upon duplex formation.
Relapse prevention with sex offenders: practice, theory and research
Authors: Launay Gilles 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIntroductionRelapse prevention (RP) is now applied to sex offending. It has been questioned as to whether RP is worthwhile. This paper aims to evaluate this technique.The Rochester RP programmeThe purpose of the Rochester RP programme is to refine and strengthen skills gained in the prison department's sex offender treatment programme. The objective of the programme is to teach prisoners to recognize the chain of events leading up to their current offences and to practise strategies to interrupt this chain.Theoretical basis for RPStopping an undesired behaviour and maintaining abstinence are two different problems. RP aims to address the maintenance problems. At the centre of RP theory is a study of the conditions that can turn lapse into relapse. Yet RP has been criticized as a lot of jargon saying very little. Ward and Hudson criticize RP constructs and their interaction. Such debates have few implications for clinical work and most of the criticism flies in the face of clinical experience.Research basis for RPRisk factors for sex offenders are being identified. Local evaluation of the Rochester programme suggests that prisoners do learn to identify risk factors and to develop coping strategies. As yet, however, there is no evidence as to whether RP works or not.DiscussionA way to improve the efficacy of an RP programme may be to augment it with additional modules, e.g. behaviour therapy, drug treatment, continued work with the same prison staff and relaxation training.ConclusionRP theory is sound in essence but suffers from an overlay of cumbersome vocabulary. Reliable research is emerging. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Risk factors for adult male criminality in Colombia
Authors: Klevens Joanne , Roca Juanita , Restrepo Ofelia , Martinez Adriana 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to establish, in Colombia, the importance of factors alleged to be causes or correlates of adult criminality according to the published literature from other countries.MethodsA comparison was made of arrested male offenders from ages 18 to 30 (n = 223) and similar community controls (n = 222) selected from five cities in Colombia as to their family background, exposure to abuse, family stressors, perceived care and history of childhood disruptive behaviour problems.ResultsCompared with neighbourhood controls from similar social classes, offenders were significantly more likely to report having had parents with less education, a mother under the age of 18 or over the age of 35 at time of birth, family members involved in crime, experiencing extreme economic deprivation, parental absence, family conflict, severe punishments, physical abuse, and maternal unavailability, rejection and lack of supervision. Prevalence of childhood disruptive behaviour problems was similar among offenders and controls. These findings appear to be independent of economic status, family size or type, birth order, or primary caregiver. Although the independent contribution of most of these factors is small, once all others have been controlled for, their cumulative effect is strong.ConclusionsThe findings obtained in this Latin American setting do not support the generalized view that adult antisocial behaviour is necessarily preceded by a history of childhood behaviour problems. However, they do add evidence for the importance of family factors in the risk for adult criminality. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Alcohol expectancies in convicted rapists and child molesters
Authors: Aromäki Anu S. , Lindman Ralf E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundPrevious findings suggest that cognitive factors and expectancies related to drinking can mediate subjective sexual arousal as well as aggression in men. Our aim was to investigate the drinking habits and alcohol‐related expectancies that might predispose men to sexually aggress in two groups of sexual offenders.MethodMen convicted of rape (n = 10) were compared with men convicted of child molesting (n = 10) and with control subjects (n = 31). Current drinking habits (while not in prison) were assessed by self‐report, and the extent of alcohol abuse was mapped by the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST; Selzer, 1971). Cognitive expectancies related to alcohol use were explored by the standard Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ; Brown et al., 1980).ResultsThe majority of the men who committed rape (70%) but only a third of the men convicted of child molesting were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Alcohol abuse was common in men convicted of both rape and child molesting and the men convicted of rape expected significantly more positive effects from drinking than the control group. Both sex offender groups were the only groups to express significant alcohol‐related cognitive expectancies linked to arousal and aggression. Expectancy patterns were directly linked to the antisocial personality characteristics.ConclusionAlcohol abuse is common in men who commit both rape and child molesting. Heavy drinking and the anticipation of alcohol effects such as sexual enhancement, arousal and aggression may facilitate sexual aggression in offenders with antisocial personality disorder. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Quality of life for patients with a personality disorder – comparison of patients in two settings: an English special hospital and a Dutch TBS clinic
Authors: Swinton Mark , Carlisle Julie , Oliver Joseph 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIntroductionThere are differing approaches to the management of people with a severe personality disorder in the UK and The Netherlands. Few comparative studies exist. This study describes the use of an adapted version of the Lancashire Quality of life profile as a patient based‐outcome measure.MethodA cross‐sectional sample of 37 patients was interviewed at each site.ResultPatients in the Dutch service reported a significantly higher quality of life which could not be explained by better objective circumstances.DiscussionThe data collected do not explain why the Dutch patients reported a higher quality of life. It is suggested that this finding was related to more extensive therapeutic activity and greater therapeutic optimism in the Dutch service. There is a need for critical scrutiny of the appropriateness of quality of life measures in offender patients before they are accepted for use as an outcome measure. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The Forensic Inpatient Observation Scale (FIOS): development, reliability and validity
Authors: Timmerman Irma G.H. , Vastenburg Nanette C. , Emmelkamp Paul M.G. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIntroductionRe‐offending, as a measure of success in forensic psychiatry, gives no information about other behaviours that may have changed. The development of the Forensic Inpatient Observation Scale (FIOS), an observation instrument to assess the non‐offending functioning of forensic patients, is described.Study 1In the first study the development of the initial item pool of the FIOS is described. This resulted in an instrument consisting of 78 items and seven scales. The internal reliability of the scales ranged from 0.78 to 0.91. The inter‐rater reliability of the scales varied from 0.50 to 0.85 and the test–retest reliability over a period of three weeks was high for most scales, ranging from 0.74 to 0.89.Study 2In the second study the FIOS was developed further in another sample of forensic patients. This time exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation and post hoc reliability analysis were applied to determine the factor structure among the items. This resulted in an item pool of 35 items, among which six factors could be distinguished that closely resemble the factor structure of the FIOS in study one: (1) self‐care, (2) social behaviour, (3) oppositional behaviour, (4) insight offence/ problems, (5) verbal skills and (6) distress. Most items have high loadings on the factor they are assigned; 29 items have a loading of 0.60 or higher. The internal consistency of the scales ranges from 0.73 to 0.91 and the scales appear to be measuring independent constructs. Twenty‐five out of the 35 items have an inter‐rater correspondence of 90% or higher and 30 out of 35 items have an inter‐rater correspondence of 87.5% or higher. The inter‐rater reliability on the scale level, however, was somewhat less satisfying with correlations ranging from 0.50 to 0.69.DiscussionIt is argued that training the observers on a more regular basis will improve the inter‐rater reliability. There is some evidence for the convergent validity of the FIOS. The FIOS has some advantages over existing inpatient scales in that it is developed specifically for forensic patients, it does not particularly focus on axis 1 symptoms but includes oppositional behaviour and attitudes to offending. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
What is problem solving? A review of theory, research and applications
Authors: Mcguire James 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIntroductionStructured training or therapy programmes designed to develop cognitive problem‐solving skills are now widely used in criminal justice and mental health settings.MethodThis paper describes the conceptual origins and theoretical models on which such programmes are based, and provides a historical overview of their development. Theoretical formulations of problem‐solving deficits have also been used to inform the design of intervention programmes, and a number of studies and evaluations of such interventions are reviewed, with particular reference to criminal and other antisocial behaviour.DiscussionIn recent years there has been steadily growing supportive evidence for the benefits of this approach. However, there are also several aspects of its application that require further investigation, and some of the remaining questions are identified. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.