bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U-shaped association between TC/HDL-C ratio and osteoporosis risk in older adults
Authors: Zhao Chuanwei , Zhang Xiaochun , Zhang Xu , Zhao Bo , Yang Yane , Lin Mu , Qiao Wenli , Hu Zeyao , Yang Haijie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio and the risk of osteoporosis in older adults. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 7,465 individuals aged 60 and above from the 2005–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The TC/HDL-C ratio was calculated and divided into quartiles. Osteoporosis was defined by self-reported physician diagnosis or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association between the TC/HDL-C ratio and osteoporosis prevalence. Restricted cubic splines were used to explore non-linear associations and threshold effects. Among the participants, 1,608 had osteoporosis. A higher TC/HDL-C ratio was inversely associated with osteoporosis (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.99, p = 0.02). The analysis revealed a U-shaped association (p for nonlinearity = 0.005) with a threshold at 4.66. Below this threshold, the TC/HDL-C ratio was negatively associated with osteoporosis (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72–0.94, p = 0.010), while no significant association was observed above the threshold. In sex-specific analyses, a U-shaped relationship was found in women, with a threshold at 4.35 (p for nonlinearity = 0.0016), but no significant association was found in men. The TC/HDL-C ratio demonstrates a U-shaped association with osteoporosis risk in older adults, particularly in women. Further longitudinal studies are required to validate these findings and determine optimal lipid management strategies for osteoporosis prevention.
Comparison of CRISPR-Cas13b RNA base editing approaches for USH2A-associated inherited retinal degeneration
Authors: Fry Lewis E. , Major Lauren , Salman Ahmed , McDermott Lucy A. , Yang Jun , King Andrew J. , McClements Michelle E. , MacLaren Robert E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
CRISPR-Cas13 systems have therapeutic promise for the precise correction of point mutations in RNA. Using adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) effectors, A-I base conversions can be targeted using guide RNAs (gRNAs). We compare the Cas13 effectors PspCas13b and Cas13bt3 for the repair of the gene USH2A, a common cause of inherited retinal disease and Usher syndrome. In cultured cells, we demonstrate up to 80% efficiency for the repair of the common c.11864 G > A and its murine equivalent c.11840 G > A, across different gRNAs and promoters. We develop and characterize a mouse model of Usher syndrome carrying the c.11840 G > A mutation designed for the evaluation of base editors for inherited retinal disease. Finally, we compare Cas13 effectors delivered via AAV for the repair of Ush2a in photoreceptors. Mean RNA editing rates in photoreceptors across different constructs ranged from 0.32% to 2.04%, with greater efficiency in those injected with PspCas13b compared to Cas13bt3 constructs. In mice injected with PspCas13b constructs, usherin protein was successfully restored and correctly localized to the connecting cilium following RNA editing. These results support the development of transcriptome targeting gene editing therapies for retinal disease.
Molecular optimization using a conditional transformer for reaction-aware compound exploration with reinforcement learning
Authors: Nakamura Shogo , Yasuo Nobuaki , Sekijima Masakazu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Designing molecules with desirable properties is a critical endeavor in drug discovery. Because of recent advances in deep learning, molecular generative models have been developed. However, the existing compound exploration models often disregard the important issue of ensuring the feasibility of organic synthesis. To address this issue, we propose TRACER, which is a framework that integrates the optimization of molecular property optimization with synthetic pathway generation. The model can predict the product derived from a given reactant via a conditional transformer under the constraints of a reaction type. The molecular optimization results of an activity prediction model targeting DRD2, AKT1, and CXCR4 revealed that TRACER effectively generated compounds with high scores. The transformer model, which recognizes the entire structures, captures the complexity of the organic synthesis and enables its navigation in a vast chemical space while considering real-world reactivity constraints.
Mackinawite partial oxidation to green rust produces a large, abiotic uranium isotope fractionation
Authors: Guilbaud Romain , Andersen Morten B. , Freeman Helen M. , Perez Jeffrey Paulo H. , Uhlig David , Benning Liane G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Low-oxygen settings and transition zones between strictly anoxic and oxic conditions may have characterised large expanses of Precambrian continental margins, where oxygen-breathing, complex life emerged and diversified. Accurate reconstructions of oxygen levels in such conditions are therefore required, but current geochemical proxies fail in identifying transitional redox conditions. Uranium isotopes are an emerging palaeoredox proxy, as large isotope fractionations are recorded during the reduction of uranium into anoxic sediments. Their potential application to transitional conditions is, however, unclear, because the redox regulating mineralogy of such environments and the associated isotope fractionations are poorly constrained. Here, we explore the mineralogical transformations occurring during the partial oxidation of mackinawite. We show that green rust, a key mineral of Precambrian oceans, forms as a by-product of mackinawite oxidation, along with uraninite and polysulphide. We also demonstrate that this mechanism records a large abiotic uranium isotope fractionation during its reaction with aqueous iron sulphide.
Impact of radiative accelerations on the stellar characterization of FGK-type stars using spectroscopic and seismic constraints
Authors: Moedas Nuno , Deal Morgan , Bossini Diego 
Published: February 2025

Context. Chemical transport mechanisms are fundamental processes in stellar evolution models. They are responsible for the chemical distribution, and their impact determines how accurately we can characterize stars. Radiative accelerations are one of these processes. They allow the accumulation of elements at different depths in the star.
Aims. We aim to assess the impact of radiative accelerations on the modeling of FGK-type stars and their impact on the prediction of surface abundances.
Methods. To reduce the cost of the computation of radiative accelerations, we implemented the single-valued parameters (SVP) method in the stellar evolution code MESA. The SVP method is more efficient in calculating radiative accelerations, which enables computations of large enough grids of models for stellar characterization.
Results. Compared to models that include atomic diffusion (with only gravitational settling), the inclusion of radiative accelerations has a small effect on the inference of fundamental properties, with an impact of 2%, 0.7%, and 5% for mass, radius, and age. However, the treatment of radiative accelerations is necessary to predict the chemical composition of and accurately characterize stars.
Determinanten der Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheits-Check-ups von
älteren Erwachsenen in Sachsen-Anhalt: Welchen Einfluss hat der Zugang zur
Gesundheitsversorgung auf die Inanspruchnahme?
Authors: Kubat Denise , Epping Jelena , Stallmann Christoph , March Stefanie , Swart Enno 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung besteht ein steigender Bedarf an
Präventionsmaßnahmen. In Deutschland haben gesetzlich krankenversicherte
Personen einen Anspruch auf Gesundheitsuntersuchungen zur Früherkennung von
bevölkerungsmedizinisch bedeutsamen Erkrankungen. Insbesondere die ältere
Bevölkerung nutzt diese Leistung bislang jedoch unzureichend, wodurch
bedeutende Präventionspotenziale verloren gehen. Ziel des Beitrages ist es,
den Einfluss des objektiven und subjektiv empfundenen Zugangs zur
Gesundheitsversorgung auf die Inanspruchnahme des Gesundheits-Check-ups bei
Einwohner*innen ab 55 Jahren in Sachsen-Anhalt zu untersuchen.Als Datengrundlage dienen Daten einer schriftlichen Querschnittsbefragung von
Einwohner*innen aus vier groß- und kleinstädtischen Regionen
Sachsen-Anhalts. Zur Analyse der Daten wird nach deskriptiven Auswertungen
eine mehrstufige binär-logistische Regression verwendet, um den
statistischen Zusammenhang zwischen vier Zugangsparametern und der
Inanspruchnahme zu evaluieren.In die Analysen wurden 953 Fragebögen eingeschlossen. 59,7% der Befragten
nahmen den Gesundheits-Check-up im empfohlenen Zeitintervall in Anspruch. Im
Rahmen der multivariaten Analysen konnte für die subjektive Zufriedenheit
mit dem Zugang und für die selbsteingeschätzten Reisezeiten zu
Hausärzt*innen kein signifikanter Einfluss auf die Inanspruchnahme
nachgewiesen werden. Die Zugehörigkeit zur gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung
und die Nutzung des eigenen Autos erhöhten hingegen die Chance einer
Inanspruchnahme. Als einflussreich erwiesen sich zudem das Einkommen und die
Pflegebedürftigkeit.Die Untersuchung zeigt Steigerungspotenziale in der Inanspruchnahme des
Gesundheits-Check-ups bei älteren Menschen auf. Die Ergebnisse deuten jedoch
darauf hin, dass die aus Public Health-Perspektive notwendige Steigerung der
Teilnahmequote derzeit nicht über die Verbesserung der Zugänglichkeit
erfolgen kann, sondern an anderen Faktoren, wie der Einstellung gegenüber
den Check-ups, angesetzt werden muss, welches allerdings weiterer Analysen
bedarf.
Imaging of the postoperative spine
Authors: Kaur Simranjeet , Lalam Radhesh , Trivedi Rishi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThere has been a significant increase in the number of spinal surgical procedures performed over the last few decades, resulting in a proportionate increase in the number of postoperative imaging studies.An exhaustive literature search was performed along with consideration of various guidelines and expert opinions regarding postoperative spine imaging. Complications are divided into early (in the first few weeks) and delayed, depending on the time of onset. Some complications occurring in the early postoperative period are common for both the instrumented and non-instrumented spine. Delayed complications are specific to the type of surgery performed and have been described as such. This review discusses the normal postoperative appearance and the various early and delayed complications.An understanding of the normal postoperative appearance is pertinent to distinguish normal from abnormal. A plain radiograph is the primary imaging modality for immediate postoperative assessment and long-term follow-up after spinal instrumentation. MRI with or without contrast is the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of the postoperative spine. CT is the best modality for the assessment of the instrumented spine and status of bony fusion. Imaging assessment of the postoperative spine is complex and requires knowledge of key factors for interpretation like indications for the initial surgical procedure, type and approach of the surgical procedure, instrumentation used, time elapsed since surgery, and clinical complaints.
In situ Forming Nanoemulgel for Diabetic Retinopathy:
Development, characterization, and in vitro efficacy
assessment
Authors: Singh Soumya , Kushwaha Poonam , Gupta Sujeet 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy, the most common microvascular complication of diabetes
mellitus, is the leading cause of vision impairment worldwide. Flavonoids with
antioxidant properties have been shown to slow its progression. Myricetin, a
flavonoid polyphenolic compound, possesses antioxidant properties, but its
clinical use in ocular delivery is limited by poor aqueous solubility,
stability, and bioavailability. Recently, in situ gels have gained interest as
ocular drug delivery vehicles due to their ease of installation and sustained
drug release. This study aimed to develop a myricetin-loaded thermoresponsive in
situ nanoemulgel to enhance its efficacy in treating diabetic retinopathy.
Nanoemulsions were developed via aqueous phase titration using Sefsol 218 as the
oil phase, Kolliphore RH40 as the surfactant, and PEG 400 as the co-surfactant.
Physicochemical evaluations identified formulation batch ISG17, consisting of
10% oil phase, 30% Smix (1:2), and 60% distilled water, as the
optimal formulation. The developed in situ nanoemulgel showed significant
enhancement in corneal permeation and retention, which was further confirmed by
fluorescence microscopy. Ocular tolerability was demonstrated through corneal
hydration tests and histopathology investigations. The antioxidant potential of
the myricetin-loaded nanoemulgel was assessed using the DPPH assay. Myricetin
was found to be an efficient antioxidant, as indicated by its IC50
values compared to ascorbic acid. The MTT cell viability assay results showed
that the developed formulation effectively inhibits the proliferation of Y79
retinoblastoma cells, demonstrating comparable efficacy to the standard marketed
preparation Avastin (Bevacizumab injection). In conclusion, the nanoemulsion
formulation containing a thermoresponsive polymer for in situ gelling presents a
promising drug delivery system, offering superior therapeutic efficacy and
better patient compliance for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Congenital Lung Malformations: Outcomes after Minimally Invasive and
Open Surgery in Infancy
Authors: Mayer Benjamin Friedrich Berthold , Schöneberg Leon Ole , Schunn Matthias Christian , Kagan Karl Oliver , Schäfer Jürgen , Neunhoeffer Felix , Baden Winfried , Fideler Frank , Kirschner Hans Joachim , Lieber Justus , Fuchs Jörg 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe management of congenital lung malformations (CLM) remains controversial.
The aim of this study was to analyze the timing, approach, and outcomes of
surgical treatment in children with CLM.A cohort study was conducted comparing children with CLM who underwent
thoracoscopic resection with open resection via thoracotomy. All children
were treated according to an institutionalized multidisciplinary coordinated
treatment algorithm.Between 2002 and 2019, 68 children with CLM were treated. Thoracoscopic
resection of CLM (n=44) resulted in a statistically significant longer
operative time (mean 169 vs. 97 minutes, p=0.04) but shorter hospital stay
(mean 7.2 vs. 16.7/12 days, p=0.01) compared to thoracotomy (n=15) or after
conversion to thoracotomy (n=9). There were no major complications in either
group. At a mean follow-up of 32.2 months (range 0.5–163), patients after
thoracoscopic resection had statistically significantly fewer rip fusions
than patients after open resection (n=0 vs. 2/2, p≤0.004) and less chest
wall asymmetry than after conversion (n=0 vs. 2, p=0.004).Thoracotomy proved to be a fast and safe surgical approach in respiratory
unstable CLM patients. In respiratory stable CLM patients, thoracoscopic
resection was feasible in early infancy with good surgical and
musculoskeletal outcomes.Thoracoscopic resection of CLM offers advantages over resection by
thoracotomy in terms of surgical recovery and musculoskeletal function.
Therefore, it should be offered to respiratory-stable patients in
specialized centers.
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy Impacts Salivary and Serum Bone Turnover Markers in Periodontitis
Authors: Javed Faraha , Zia Afaf , Khan Asad Ullah , Bey Afsha , Hakim Seema , Ateeq Hira , Yusufi Faiz Noor Khan , Salati Nasir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objectives To assess nonsurgical periodontal therapy's (NSPT's) effect on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in periodontitis patients and compare the efficacy of saliva and serum samples in evaluating periodontal health.
Materials and Methods Sixty-five females aged 18 to 45 years were divided into control (n = 20) and test (n = 45) groups. Periodontitis patients underwent NSPT. Full mouth clinical periodontal parameters and salivary/serum BTMs (C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen [CTX], bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BALP], osteoprotegerin [OPG]) were recorded at baseline, 3 weeks, and 3 months post-NSPT.
Statistical Analysis The study measured test group readings at three points: baseline, 3 weeks, and 3 months after NSPT. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, showing a nonnormal distribution (p < 0.05). To test for significance among groups, the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied. The Friedman test, along with pairwise comparisons, was used to compare test group readings across time points. A 5% significance level was maintained. Pearson correlation measured relationships between the control and test groups and within the test group at different intervals. Multiple linear regression was conducted across time points, with plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) set as dependent variables, and salivary and serum BALP, CTX, and OPG as independent variables. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 20 and R version 3.5.2.
Results Following NSPT, significant changes were observed in all measured salivary/serum BTMs except serum BALP (p > 0.05). No significant differences noted between BTM measurements taken at 3 weeks and 3 months post-NSPT (p > 0.05). Correlations between BTMs and periodontal measurements were weak to moderate after NSPT. A multiple linear regression model explained 46.7% of the total variability for PI, 50.1% for PPD, 54.1% for CAL, and 29.3% for GI signifying association with BTMs among groups.
Conclusion NSPT results in significant changes in salivary/serum BTMs. Following NSPT, BTMs show associations with periodontal parameters, highlighting modulation of host responses. BTMs in salivary/serum samples effectively reflected periodontal health and disease status and improvements after therapy.
Effect of copper/tungsten heterophase interface on radiation resistance: insights from atomistic simulations
Authors: Chen Wen , Li Min , Fu Bao-Qin , Chen Tun , Cui Jie-Chao , Hou Qing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nanostructured materials have demonstrated superior radiation-damage tolerance compared to their coarse-grained counterparts, contributing to the extended lifespan of nuclear materials. However, the mechanisms underlying this enhanced irradiation resistance remain unclear. In this study, we present atomistic simulations to investigate the impact of Cu/W heterophase interface on the evolution of irradiation-induced defects. The simulation results reveal that the Cu/W interfaces can act as defect sinks, effectively trapping self-interstitial atoms (SIAs). Furthermore, the interface demonstrates both the interstitial emission and interstitial transfer mechanisms, wherein the trapped W SIAs facilitate the emission of Cu atoms from the interface to the Cu side. These emitted Cu SIAs can promote defect recombination on the Cu side, leading to a reduced defect concentration in the Cu/W nano-multilayers. Consequently, these combined mechanisms contribute to a lower overall concentration of irradiation-induced defect, thereby enhancing the radiation resistance of Cu/W nano-multilayers.
Robust Quantum Gate Optimization with First-Order Derivatives of Ion-Phonon and Ion-Ion Coupling in Trapped Ions
Authors: Wang Jing-Bo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Trapped ion hardware has made significant progress recently and is now one of the leading platforms for quantum computing. To construct two-qubit gates in trapped ions, experimental manipulation approaches for ion chains are becoming increasingly prevalent. Given the restricted control technology, how implementing high-fidelity quantum gate operations is crucial. Many works in current pulse design optimization focus on ion-phonon and effective ion-ion coupling while ignoring the first-order derivatives terms expansion impacts of these two terms brought on by experiment defects. This paper proposes a novel robust quantum control optimization method in trapped ions. By introducing the first-order derivatives terms caused by the error into the optimization cost function, we generate an extremely robust Mølmer-Sørensen gate with infidelity below 10-3 under drift noise range ±10 kHz, the relative robustness achieves a tolerance of ±5%, compared to the 200 kHz frequency spacing between phonon modes, and for time noise drift, the tolerance reached to 2%. Our work reveals the vital role of the first-order derivatives terms of coupling in trapped ion pulse control optimization, especially the first-order derivatives terms of ion-ion coupling. It provides a robust optimization scheme for realizing more efficient entangled states in trapped ion platforms.
Molecular dynamics simulations of collision cascades in polycrystalline tungsten
Authors: Liu Lixia , Jiang Mingxuan , Gao Ning , Chen Yangchun , Hu Wangyu , Deng Hiuqiu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using molecular dynamics methods, simulations of collision cascades in polycrystalline tungsten (W) have been conducted in this study, including different primary-knock-on atom (PKA) directions, grain sizes, and PKA energies between 10 and 150 keV. The results indicate that a smaller grain size leads to more defects forming in grain boundary regions during cascade processes. The impact of high-energy PKA may cause a certain degree of distortion of the grain boundaries, which has a higher probability in systems with smaller grain sizes and becomes more pronounced as the PKA energy increases. The direction of PKA can affect the formation and diffusion pathways of defects. When the PKA direction is perpendicular to the grain boundary, defects preferentially form near the grain boundary regions; by contrast, defects are more inclined to form in the interior of the grains. These results are of great significance for comprehending the changes in the performance of polycrystalline W under the high-energy fusion environments and can provide theoretical guidance for further optimization and application of W-based plasma materials.
Anomalous Hall effect in Bernal tetralayer graphene enhanced by spin-orbit interaction
Authors: Qu Zhuangzhuang , Chen Zhihao , Han Xiangyan , Wang Zhiyu , Li Zhuoxian , Liu Qianling , Zhao Wenjun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Cheng Zhi Gang , Gan Zizhao , Lu Jianming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) can be introduced by the proximity effect to modulate the electronic properties of graphene-based heterostructures. In this work, we stacked trilayer WSe2 on Bernal tetralayer graphene to investigate the influence of SOI on anomalous Hall effect (AHE). In this structurally asymmetric device, by comparing the magnitude of AHE at positive and negative displacement fields, we find that AHE is strongly enhanced by bringing electrons in proximity to the WSe2 layer. Meanwhile, the enhanced AHE signal persists up to 80 K, providing important routes for topological device applications at high temperatures.