bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Length‐Weight Relationship of the Ganga River Prawn Macro‐brachium birmanicum choprai (TIWARI)
Authors: Singh S. R. , Srivastava V. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA total of 331 male and 237 female individuals of the Ganga river prawn, Macrobrachium birmanicum choprai (TIWARI), were examined to establish relationship between its length and weight. The individuals of both the sexes were placed separately in different size groups. When plotted against corresponding values of weight, the average length computed for each size group exhibited an exponential relationship. However, the logarithimic values of observed lengths when plotted against corresponding values of weight exhibited a linear relationship. Correlation coefficient values for both the sexes were found highly significant (r = 0.9846 for males and 0.9762 for females).
Action Sites of Cypermethrin, a Synthetic Pyrethroid in the Snail Lymnaea acuminata
Authors: Singh D. K. , Agarwal R. A. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract24 h of in vivo exposure to 40 and 80 = LC50 of the synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin significantly reduced the acetylcholinesterase, cytochrome oxidase and lactic dehydrogenase activity in the nervous tissue of L. acuminata. Succinic dehydrogenase activity increased significantly after the same treatment. Fifteen minutes in vitro exposure to different doses of cypermethrin also significantly inhibited cytochrome oxidase and lactic dehydrogenase activity. However, acetylcholinesterase and succinic dehydrogenase activities remain unaltered. It is concluded that the cypermethrin on the one hand causes repititive discharges at the nerve terminal and on the other hand blocks the electron transport chain.
Water Quality, Phytoplankton Diversity and Production in G. B. Pant Sagar at Rihand Dam, Pipri
Authors: Srivastava N. K. , Ambasht R. S. , Kumar R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe man made reservoir, G. B. Pant Sagar at the dam site (24° 15′ N Lat) in the South Mirzapur district of eastern U. P. was investigated in terms of water quality, phytoplankton diversity and production at monthly intervals between January 1987 and December 1987. The reservoir water showed low to moderate dissolved oxygen (4.3 … 7.5 mg/l) and quite low nutrient contents (0.01‐0.2 mg l−1). Phytoplankton diversity narrowly fluctuated (3.17‐3.74) and mean annual production (149.7 g/m3 · aC) showed a meso‐ to eutrophic condition. A significant positive correlation was obtained between gross production and phytoplankton density (r = 0.79; P < 0.001) Multiple regression equation (GPP = 11.292 + 0.043 BAC + 0.075 CHL + 0.073 CYN) indicates that Chlorophyta contributed more to gross production due to the presence of a higher number of individuals.
Abwasserreinigung in der Produktion von Phenolformaldehydharzen
Authors: Dobrevski I. , Prodanova S. , Panayotova T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs investigations on model solutions and real wastewaters with 30 … 33 g/l phenol and 5 … 10 g/l formaldehyde as well as pH = 2 … 3 have shown, the following technique of sewage purification proves to be optimal: condensation with addition of 7 g/l sulphuric acid at 98 °C, settling of the condensation products formed for 8 h, centrifugation of the supernatant and adsorption on activated carbon or a polymer sorbent (XAD 4). Preference should be given to activated carbon. The residual concentrations amount to 0.1 mg/l for both phenol and formaldehyde. The adsorbents are largely fully regenerated with methanol, the regeneration solution containing 11 … 20 g/l phenol.
Effects of Deicing‐Salts on Heavy Metal Mobility Zum Einfluß von Streusalzen auf die Beweglichkeit von Schwermetallen
Authors: Bauske B. , Goetz D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHeavy metal input into roadside soils and effects of deicing salts are often discussed as separate environmental problems. However, a relationship between salt input and heavy metal mobility has already been detected in laboratory tests. During a 2‐year field study, the soil solution of a roadside soil was continuously sampled. The results of soil solution analysis not only showed a strong rise in deicing‐salt related sodium, calcium and chloride concentrations, but also high zinc and cadmium values in winter and spring. Additional laboratory tests confirmed the mobilizing effects of salt solution which contained NaCl and CaCl2. Cation exchange and the formation of chlorocomplexes are discussed as the responsible mechanisms.
Neue Wege in die Ökotoxikologie: Quantitative Verhaltensmessungen an Fischen als Toxizitätsendpunkt
Authors: Lorenz R. , Spieser O. H. , Steinberg Ch. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEs wird das Verhaltensmeßgerät BehavioQuant vorgestellt. Dieses automatisierte System erlaubt quantitative Verhaltensmessungen an Fischen und anderen Testorganismen. Die sich frei im Testraum bewegenden Tiere werden per Videokamera beobachtet und ihre Bewegungsbahnen in einem Koordinatenraster numerisch festgehalten. Aus diesen werden verschiedene Verhaltensparameter wie mittlere Schwimmhöhe, mittlere Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit, Ungleichförmigkeit der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit, Richtungsänderungen. Häufigkeitsverteilung der Aufenthaltsorte in Vertikal‐ und Horizontalrichtung (z. B. zur Erfassung einer Hell‐Dunkel‐Präferenz) und das Abstandsverhalten der Tiere untereinander automatisch errechnet. Das Gerät erlaubt eine fortlaufende Überwachung von bis zu 16 Aquarien. Die statistischen Vergleichsberechnungen zwischen verschiedenen Behandlungs‐und Kontrollgruppen erfolgen für die einzelnen Verhaltensmeßgrößen gesondert. Bei der kontinuierlichen Überwachung von Oberflächengewässern erfolgt eine automatische Bewertung aus Vergleichen zwischen den aktuellen Meßwerten und denen eines sich fließend anpassenden Referenz‐Zeitraumes. Die Anwendung des BehavioQuant wird an einigen Beispielen (Wirkung von Atrazin) demonstriert. Verhaltensänderungen einer einzelnen Spezies können, bedingt durch die Wechselwirkungen zu ihrem Lebensraum und anderen darin lebenden Arten, Veränderungen der biozönotischen Strukturen und Funktionen hervorrufen. Änderungen auf einer bestimmten Ebene beeinflussen häufig auch andere Ebenen eines Ökosystems und können zu Verschiebungen von Gleichgewichten führen. Daher ist bei einer ökotoxikologischen Bewertung die Einbeziehung quantifizierter Verhaltensbeobachtungen geboten.
Speciation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in aquatic sediments
Authors: Püschel R. , Calmano W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA simple sequential extraction technique is presented for the examination of PAH speciation in aquatic sediments. This method is discussed with special emphasis on the sorption of PAH to humic substances and coal‐like particles. Sorption experiments were carried out with sediments after treatment with H2O2 or after lipid removal by organic solvent extraction. The results show that lipids exert only a minor influence on PAH sorption. Furthermore, deviations from simple partition behaviour are discussed.
Two Experimental Methods to Determine the Speciation of Cadmium in Sediment from the River Neckar
Authors: Martin N. , Schuster I. , Peiffer St. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe binding forms of Cd to an anaerobic sediment of low sulfide content from Lauffen reservoir (River Neckar, Germany) were studied using two different approaches, i. e. sequential extraction (modified from published protocols) and titrimetric study of the pH‐dependent Cd release. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were applied to calculate both the release pattern of Cd during the titrations and the speciation of Cd within the single fractions of the extraction protocol. The calculations were based on measured sediment parameters such as hydrous ferric oxide (HFO), acid volatile sulfide, carbonate content and total Cd content, and the extractants (oxalate, acid etc.) used. The results of the two independent approaches coincided well in that they both assigned more than two thirds of the total Cd content to be adsorbed to organic matter. Cd bound as CdS is of little importance. Sequential extraction after a 3‐month oxidation period at pH 7 revealed a shift of Cd from being mainly bound in stronger surface complexes with organic matter to being mainly bound in weaker surface complexes with organic matter and HFO, and thus becoming more bioavailable. This study suggests that the use of sequential extraction although being frequently criticized due to its operational character can be used to determine binding forms of metal ions if they are accompanied by 1) careful supporting experiments, 2) analysis of important sediment parameters, and 3) the use of thermodynamic equlibrium models which can help to understand Cd speciation within the extraction fractions.
Photochemical Degradation of Hydrophilic Xenobiotics in the UV/H2O2‐process. Influence of Humic Matter on the Degradation Rate of 2‐Amino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonate and Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
Authors: Sörensen M. , Tanner U. , Sagawe G. , Frimmel F. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhotochemical oxidation methods are able to eliminate hydrophilic xenobiotics with a high efficiency. In waters with high DOC values caused by humic substances (HS) which are able to absorb UV light, problems can result. The degradation rates of the micropollutants using irradiation wavelengths in the range between λ = 200 nm to λ = 260 nm are significantly influenced by HS. This is mainly caused by the high absorption of the HS at shorter wavelength. In the presence of HS, the photolytic degradation of EDTA and FeEDTA was slowed down by an inner filter effect. A similar tendency could be seen for the photolytic degradation of 2‐amino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonate where additional effects to the inner filter effect were also operating. In the UV/H2O2‐process, the decrease of the degradation rate could be assigned to the ability of the HS to scavenge HO radicals.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Sediments of the Elbe Catchment Area – Analytical Methods and Status of Pollution
Authors: Gandraß J. , Zoll M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA survey was conducted to determine the status of pollution of surficial sediments in the Elbe catchment area (Germany, Czech Republic) for the period 1992 to 1994. Chlorinated benzenes, PCBs, DDT and its metabolites, and HCH isomers were determined by GC/ECD following a simultaneous steam distillation‐extraction procedure. Most of the investigated compounds showed increased concentration levels in sections of the Elbe or its main tributaries exceeding the target value II (quality criteria ARGE Elbe). Patterns of chlorinated hydrocarbons could be traced back from the Elbe into tributaries, and in some cases, links between patterns and inputs or long‐term effects of former chemical production sites were supposed.
Population balance modeling for bubble columns operating in the homogeneous regime
Authors: Bhole M. R. , Joshi J. B. , Ramkrishna D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA population balance model is developed for the prediction of the average gas holdup and axial gas holdup profile in the bubble columns operating in the homogeneous regime. The model takes into account the effect of bubble expansion along the column height and thus it is applicable to tall columns such as flotation columns in the mineral processing industries. The model captures the effect of superficial gas and liquid velocities, bubble rise velocity, operating pressure, and column height on the gas holdup. In the case of flotation columns, because of the presence of surfactants in the liquid phase, froth is observed at the top of the column. Typically, froth shows the axial profile of gas holdup and the mean bubble size, indicating that the coalescence is an important phenomenon to describe the dynamics of the froth. A probabilistic perspective is developed to address the bubble coalescence process occurring in the froth and the bubble transition probability for coalescence is obtained from experimental data in the literature. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Effects of the molecular orientation and crystallization on film–substrate interfacial adhesion in poly(ethylene terephthalate) film‐insert moldings
Authors: Leong Y. W. , Kotaki M. , Hamada H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA film and substrate consisting of poly(ethylene terephthalate) were adhered by means of film‐insert molding. Two injection speeds (i.e., 50 and 500 mm/s) were chosen to induce different shear rates (and molecular orientation) between the film and the substrate. Annealing was subsequently performed on these specimens at different times and temperatures to examine the extent of orientation‐induced crystallization of the substrate surfaces embedded under the film. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms clearly indicated a shift in the position of the secondary (β) crystalline phase toward a higher temperature in specimens molded at a 500 mm/s injection speed, suggesting that a more densely packed and well‐formed crystalline structure was generated because of higher localized orientation of molecules. Polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses provided dichroic ratios of the 1340‐ and 1410‐cm−1 wavelengths, which corresponded to the trans‐glycol conformer and the stable benzene ring, respectively. Drastic increases in the dichroic ratios were observed, especially in specimens molded at a 500 mm/s injection speed after being annealed for 1 min. This could have been caused by the reorientation of molecules fueled by residual stresses, particularly in regions experiencing high shear during molding. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
A classification and evaluation of Irish water beetle assemblages
Authors: Foster Garth N. , Nelson Brian H. , Bilton David T. , Lott Derek A. , Merritt Robert , Weyl Richard S. , Eyre Michael D. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract1. Modern records of 165 species of wetland beetle (Haliplidae, Hygrobiidae, Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Georissidae, Hydrochidae, Helophoridae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae, Scirtidae, Dryopidae, Elmidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae) were assembled for analysis.2. Two hundred and eighty nine modern lists of seven or more species of water beetle from sites in Ireland were subjected to multivariate analysis.3. Ten assemblage types were identified using TWINSPAN. Habitats typical of these assemblages are: A. deep rivers; B. rivers with riffles; C. puddles; D. canals and lakes with rich vegetation; E. ponds and ditches; F. turloughs; G. natural, minerotrophic fens; H. base‐flushed cutover bogs; I. peat bogs; J. montane flushes. The distribution of these types is discussed.4. Ordination of site data by DECORANA indicated that the important environmental variables dictating water beetle assemblage type in Ireland were: flow; water permanence; exposure; type of substratum. Acidity could not be isolated as a determinant, except within the analysis of assemblage types conducted using TWINSPAN. DECORANA isolated one brackish site as an outlier but salinity was not otherwise a major factor, probably because few brackish sites were included in the analysis.5. The number of modern records for each species was used to provide a provisional set of species‐quality scores. A simple rationale was devised to weight these scores in favour of relict species and against elusive species, species with short‐lived adults and species primarily associated with man‐made habitats.6. The average species‐quality score per site and the number of species recorded were used to rank sites within each TWINSPAN end‐group. The most diverse sites with the highest quality were some turloughs, rich fens and base‐flushed peat cutting complexes. Some montane lakes and flushes with relatively few species had high species‐quality scores.
Typifying macrofaunal communities of larger disturbed waters in The Netherlands
Authors: Verdonschot Piet F. M. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract1. A survey was carried out in rivers, canals and large lakes in the province of Overijssel (The Netherlands) to describe the macrofauna assemblages and their environment. A total of 74 environmental variables was measured at each sampling site. The aim was to describe a typology of large‐sized water bodies for this region.2. Different techniques of multivariate analysis were used in combination with ecological information on individual taxa to derive and describe site groups in terms of taxon composition and mean environmental conditions. The resulting site groups were termed cenotypes.3. Nine cenotypes were distinguished. They showed great similarity in their composition of ubiquitous taxa and in environmental conditions. This similarity is, in part, due to anthropogenic influences. The large‐sized water bodies are mostly regulated or canalized and function as collectors of nutrients, organic material and toxicants. This results in cumulative chronic stresses which overrule the natural key factors of current and dimension.4. Despite the similarity, differences between taxon assemblages could be attributed to combinations of key environmental factors; some taxa characteristic of the reach of a river or the gradient in size of canals were still present.5. The typology offers a basis for practical use in regional water management and nature conservation. Some applications for water management are indicated.6. Typological studies are vital (especially in semi‐natural landscapes) for an improvement in understanding, management and conservation of freshwater biota.
Wintering seaducks in Britian and Ireland: Populations, threats, conservation and research priorities
Authors: Kirby J. S. , Evans R. J. , Fox A. D. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

This paper provides a detailed review of the status and distribution of wintering seaducks (Scaup, Eider, Long‐tailed Duck, Common Scoter, Velvet Scoter and Red‐breasted Merganser) in Britain and Ireland. It is based on a literature review plus analysis of National Waterfowl Counts (NWC) and other data. A summary of current knowledge of wintering seaducks is provided together with information on threats to populations, conservation goals and research needs.
Each species is examined in turn, with the emphasis on aspects of the population, habitat use, current distribution, trends and history. Important areas for individual species are highlighted.
Overall, seaduck populations have changed considerably, those for Eider and Red‐breasted Merganser having expanded greatly, whilst those for Scaup, Common and Velvet Scoter have declined during historical and/or recent times. The trend for Long‐tailed Ducks is unclear. British population estimates are considered to be out of date and need to be revised. The premier areas for seaduck communities are highlighted, thus providing basic information for conservation action and future monitoring.
Seaduck populations are threatened in a number of ways and the main factors are discussed. Oil pollution and the actions of commercial fisheries are the most important current threats. Conservation goals are suggested. These include an urgent need to develop appropriate domestic legislation to facilitate the protection of seaduck populations. Such legislation is currently almost entirely lacking.
Some priorities for research, particularly for better population monitoring of seaducks in British and Irish waters, are provided. These include: alterations to the NWC scheme to allow the collation of opportunistic counts, made when the conditions are amenable for censusing seaducks; extension of the scheme into areas not currently surveyed (e.g. most parts of Ireland); and the establishment of intensive survey programmes to monitor seaducks in the key areas of Britain and Ireland. It is hoped that this paper will serve to stimulate interest and commitment from all who play a part in safeguarding our seaduck heritage.
The establishment and impact of Pseudorasbora parva, an exotic fish species introduced into Lake Mikri Prespa (north‐western Greece)
Authors: Rosecchi Elisabeth , Crivelli Alain J. , Catsadorakis George 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

The topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva Schlegel, 1842, a south‐east asian cyprinid, was introduced accidentally in the Danube Delta in Romania in the 1960s and has now achieved a pan‐Danubian distribution. P. parva has been introduced into other countries, such as Greece, usually inadvertently included with other species imported for fish farming. In 1984–85, during a study of the fish populations of Lake Mikri Prespa (north‐west Greece), several topmouth gudgeon were caught. Our aim was to study the changes in the population size of P. parva over nearly 10 years, to study its life history traits and to assess its potential impacts on native fish species.
The catch per unit effort (CPUE) in spring increased significantly between 1984 and 1992. We found evidence that P. parva has established a breeding population in the lake. P. parva combines many characteristics likely to favour a successful colonization (resistance to harsh climatic conditions, early sexual maturity, extended breeding season, broad dietary spectrum). Growth in Lake Prespa, where the oldest individuals captured were 3 years old, is very similar to that observed within its native range.
There is evidence for dietary overlap between P. parva and three endemic species: Paraphoxinus epiroticus prespensis, Cobitis meridionalis and Alburnoides bipunctatus ohridanus. No decline in the populations of these three species has yet been demonstrated. Other possible impacts are discussed. The successful colonization by P. parva was certainly favoured by the absence of a true piscivorous fish in the lake and by the isolation and high level of endemism of fish communities.
The conservation of the many endemic species in the lake should be a priority and the introduction of exotic species should be banned.
Patterns in seabird distribution west of Scotland
Authors: Harrison Nancy M. , Webb Andy , Leaper Genevieve M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of seabirds west of Scotland was studied relative to water masses in August 1988. Surface salinity was used to indicate the ship's position relative to the water masses described in the literature. Comparisons were made between seabird densities in Inshore Water, the Northern Coastal Current, the Southern Coastal Current and Atlantic/Hebridean Water.Seabird density varied with water mass; some species distributions suggested strong habitat associations. Water masses represent marine habitats, with different physical regimes supporting different marine life; patterns in bird distribution are likely to reflect prey distribution and availability.Manx shearwaters Puffinus puffinus, razorbills Alca torda, guillemots Uria aalge, and kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla were found mostly in Inshore Water, with lower densities in the Northern and Southern Coastal Current water. Only trace numbers of these species occurred in Atlantic/Hebridean Water.Storm petrels Hydrobates pelagicus, fulmars Fulmarus glacialis and puffins Fratercula arctica were found in very low densities in Inshore Water, and were dispersed in higher densities throughout the more oceanic areas.These data suggest that in late summer the Inshore Water of southwestern Scotland has the highest densities of seabirds potentially vulnerable in the event of an oil incident.