bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of L‐Dopa in Schizophrenia
Authors: INANAGA Kazutoyo , INOUE Katsumi , TACHIBANA Hisayuki , OSHIMA Masachika , KOTORII Tatayu 
Published: March 2008

SummaryL‐Dopa was administered to 84 cases of schizophrenia (55 male, 29 female) together with major tranquilizers which had been given previously.1) Patients suffering from lack of spontaneity, abulia, apathy, and disturbance of rapport were chosen as subjects in this research. The cases with hallucination, delusion and disturbance of the self were also included. Duration of illness is as follows: 111 for within one year 2 cases, 2–3 years 4 cases, 3–5 years 8 cases, 5–10 years 17 cases, more than 10 years 53 cases.The subjects are in most cases 20–50 years old.2) Initial daily dose was 100–600 mg, then gradually increased to maximum dose 1200 mg. Maintenance dose was 400–600 mg, and continued administration was at most for 3 months in the longest administered cases. Symptom‐changes including amelioration and exacerbation were most remarkable at 400–800 mg daily dose.3) Remarkable amelioration was seen in 8 cases (9.5%), moderate in 17 cases (20.2%), and slight in 20 cases (23.8%). Aggravation was seen in 5 cases (6.0%), no change were seen in 34 cases (40.5%). Remarkable and moderate amelioration were noted in 25 cases (29.8%).4) Most remarkable amelioration was seen at L‐Dopa 600 mg administration: Remarkable amelioration 6 cases, moderate 11 cases, and 17 cases (20.2%) in all. Next was seen at 400 mg administration: Remarkably ameliorated cases are 2, moderately 2; in total of 4 cases. However four cases exacerbated at 600 mg.5) The relation between duration of illness and therapeutic effect is as follows. In the cases ill for more than 10 years, which show personality deterioration, any amelioration is hopeless. Generally speaking it is effective for the cases ill for within 10 years.6) The evaluation result on 74 cases is as follows. Disturbance of rapport was the most improved: Remarkably ameliorated cases were 5, moderately 18, and amelioration rate was 31.5%. Disturbance of emotional expression was ameliorated second most: Remarkably ameliorated cases were 8, moderately 11; the rate 26.4%.7) As exacerbated cases, 10 cases of excitement were noted.In relation to the above‐mentioned results, we discussed L‐Dopa's therapeutic mechanism.
Autoradiographic Distribution of 131I‐Clioquinol in Canine and Feline
Authors: TATEISHI Jun , KURODA Shigetoshi , WATANABE Shosuke , OTSUKI Saburo , OGATA Masana 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTo elucidate the absorption, intracellular location and pathogenicity of clioquinol, micro‐autoradiographic studies were done. 131I‐clioquinol was administered under different methods to 6 mongrels, 2 inbred beagles and a cat. Shortly after i.v.‐ or i.p.‐injections of the substance to the mongrels and cat, a high concentration of radioactive grains was seen in the following nervous system: Nerve cells of the spinal root ganglia, spinal grey matter and nuclei in the brain stem; peripheral nerves; capsular cells of the spinal root ganglia; glial cells in the spinal cord, brain stem and periventricular region of the cerebrum. Though in lesser degree, orally administered radioactive clioquinol was also detected in the nervous system of the mongrels. I.p.‐injected beagles showed, however, a low concentration of the grains in the nervous system. This may indicate strain‐difference of dogs for the neurotoxicity of clioquinol.
Eye Movements during Perception of Pictures in Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: MORIYA Hirobumi , ANDO Katsumi , KOJIMA Takuya , SHIMAZONO Yasuo , OGIWARA Ryuji , JIMBO Kazuhiko , USHIKUBO Tadashi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryUsing a device of our own built eye movements during the perception of some pictures were examined in 24 chronic schizophrenic and 20 normal subjects. While they were shown each of 4 pictures for 30 seconds, we plotted the points on which the subject's eyes fixed for a short time and observed their traces.We also recorded EOG during the eye closure for 17 cases of these schizophrenic subjects. Additional observations and comparison of eye movements during the perception with EOG findings led to the following conclusions:1. Concerning the degree of diffusion of the eye's fixation points, the moving range of the gaze in chronic schizophrenics was much more limited than in normal subjects.2. There was observed rather large number appearance of the small rapid eye movements with closed eyes in the schizophrenic subjects who showed limited moving range of eye's fixation points.Chronic schizophrenic patients probably look at a certain part vaguely. This may be due to their decreased motivation and lack of interest in trying to get information about the pictures and to cognize them.
Clinical and Pathological Studies of Myoclonus Epilepsy
Authors: ISHINO Hiroshi , HIRATA Jun'ichiro , KUMASHIRO Hisashi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe authors reported the clinical picture of myoclonus epilepsy occurred in three siblings of one family. In Case 1 the illness began at 14 years, and she is now still alive. In Case 2 the disease began at 7 years and death occurred at the age of 14 after the clinical course of about 7 years. In Case 3 (autopsy case), the onset of the disease was 6 years of age, and death occurred at 11 after the clinical history of 5 years. Autopsy revealed the degenerative lesions of the dentate and the olivary nucleus associated with gliosis of the pallidum due to a perinatal anoxic damage.In two siblings (Cases 2, 3) the duration of the disease is shorter, and the age of death is less advanced as compared with the cases of degenerative type of myoclonus epilepsy reported in the literature, and the authors discussed its reason.
Clinical Effects of Lithium Carbonate on Depression
Authors: Watanabe Shosuke , Taguchi Kanzo , Nakaya Koji , Otsuki Saburo 
Published: March 2008

Summary1. Therapeutic effects of lithium carbon ate were studied on a total of 55 cases comprising 15 cases of involutional melancholia, 23 cases of monopolar depression and 17 of bipolar depression.2. Lithium carbonate was found to be effective to seven cases (47%) of involutional melancholia, 14 cases (61%) of monopolar depression, and nine cases (53%) of bipolar depression, indicating no significant difference among these three groups.3. There was observed no correlation between the characteristics of symptoms and the therapeutic effect in depressive states.4. The serum lithium concetration in the lithium responder was 0.47±0.13 mEq/1 and that in non‐responder 0.55 ±0.14 mEq/1, showing no significant difference between the two groups.5. Lithium carbonate has been found to be effective in the treatment of depressive states. Therefore, it requires further studies using the double‐blind controlled method for clarification of its therapeutic effects.
An Autopsy Case of Cerebral Form of v. Winiwarter‐Buerger's Disease with a Chronic Course of 12 Years
Authors: Ishino Hiroshi , Kuroda Shigetoshi , Hayahara Toshiyuki , Otsuki Saburo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe authors reported clinico‐pathological features of a case of cerebral form of v. Winiwarter‐Buerger's disease with a chronic course of 12 years.1) Clinical Course: A male aged 48 at the time of death developed at the age of 37, dysarthria and gait disturbance. He became apathetic and abulic, showed memory disturbance and dementia. Neurologically rigidity of the four limbs, ideational apraxia, constructive apraxia, dyscalculia and disori‐entation in right‐left were observed. Acro‐cyanosis of the fingers and the toes, systolic murmur of the heart and ulcus of the lower limbs were also noted. At the later stage, radial pulse was not palpable at one side, and episodes of disturbance of consciousness were observed.2) Pathological Findings: There were marked scar formation of the aortic valve and intimal thickening as well as recanaliza‐tion of the kidney arteries.The brain weighing 940 g. was small, and frontal atrophy was marked. Bilateral granular atrophy in the border territories of the anterior, middle and posterior arteries was found. In the cerebral cortex, irregularly‐shaped, discontinuous necrotic foci of various stages were found. However, very fresh necrotic foci with foamy cells were rarely found. In the frontal cortex, there were many “Plaques fibro‐myéliniques.” In the cerebellum, patchy disparation of the granular layers was replaced by glialscar. The changes were the most marked in the pialarteries covering the necrotic cerebral cortex. The pialarteries of a small sized caliber showed intimal hyperplasia and endothelial prolifer ation leading to the occlusion of the lumina. The arteries of middle and large sizes showed occlusion and narrowing of lumina due to concentric intimal hyperplasia at various stages leading to terminal collagenous degeneration, thrombus formation, recanal‐ization, and “Fullgewebe.” There was also intimal thickening with neo‐formation of the elastic fibers accompanied with thrombus formation. Distinction of thrombus from proliferative changes of the intimal layer was not possible at the later stage. On the contrary, the internal elastic membrane, media and adventitia were almost preserved, and perivascular cell infiltration was not ob served.3) The present case belongs to the second type of cerebral form of v. Winiwarter‐Buer‐ger's disease according to the classification by Lindenberg and Spatz. Thrombus forma tion and proliferative change of the intimal layer are independent in the early stages, and “Füllgewebe” was interpreted as being the terminal state of thrombus. The authors dis cussed the clinico‐pathological findings as well as morphological distinction from cere bral arteriosclerosis.
Synaptic Alterations in the Hypothalamus of the Rabbit Following Long‐Term Chlorpromazine Administration
Authors: Koizumi Junzo , Shiraishi Hiroyasu 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFollowing long‐term administration of chlorpromazine, the brains of rabbits were examined by electron microscopy, with special reference to the synaptic alterations in the hypothalamus, and compared with the normal materials. After two months' intramuscular injections of chlorpromazine (15 mg/kg/day), fine granular or fibrillar materials appear in the postsynaptic regions of some dendrites in the tuber cinereum of the hypothalamus. And the postsynaptic regions of some dendrites are extremely shrunken and embraced by astroglia. The animals showed neuroleptic and extrapyramidal symptoms throughout the period. These synaptic findings are interpreted as degenerative alterations induced by the long‐term administration of chlorpromazine.
Antidepressant Effect of Thyrotropin‐Releasing Hormone (TRH) and the Plasma Thyrotropin Levels in Depression
Authors: Takahashi Saburo , Kondo Hisao , Yoshimura Manabu , Ochi Yukio 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwenty‐four patients with mental depression received thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TSH). 14 patients in Group A were treated with a series of TRH injections 500 μg three times a week, for two to three weeks, and 150 mg/day of imipramine administration in a cross‐over comparison. Only three patients showed mild improvement in their depressive symptoms, while imipramine, which was administered in place of TRH, revealed to have more effect on their depression. Antidepressant effect of TRH can be evaluated as not exceeding that of the tricyclics. A single dose of 500 μg TRH in Group B, consisting of 10 depressed inpa‐tients, caused neither subjective feelings of improvement nor behavioral changes.Twenty‐five percent of depressed patients showed an inadequate TSH response to TRH injection, although all the patients were euthyroid in their thyroid function tests. Three of four neurotic‐depressives, with pro longed mental symptoms of several years, revealed a distinctly diminished plasma TSH response to TRH injection.These findings suggest an abnormality in the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis, which may cause the fixation of mental symptoms. Neurotic‐depressive symptomatology protracted for many years may be based on an unknown neuroendocrine dysfunctions. The implications of these findings remain to be explored.
Electroclinical Studies of Seizures in the Newborn
Authors: Watanabe Kazuyoshi , Hara Kimiko , Miyazaki Shuji , Kuroyanagi Masao , Asano Satomi , Kondo Keizo , Kuno Kuniyoshi , Jose Hidehiko , Iwase Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYElectroclinical features of neonatal seizures were studied in 215 neonates who developed seizures during the first three weeks of life. In 62 of them, clinical fits occurred during the actual polygraphic recording. The electro‐clinical correlations were very variable, although there were some statistically significant associations between certain types of seizures and electrical discharges.The relation between seizures and sleep states was investigated in 40 infants who had more than three fits during the recording. The state in which more than 70% of seizures occurred was active sleep in 28% of the cases, quiet sleep in 13%, indeterminate sleep in 8%, and wakefulness in 8%. In 50%, seizures did not tend to occur in a given state.The authors thank Professor Suzuki for his continued interest and encouragement.
Six and 14/Sec Positive Spikes With Widespread Distribution Over the Scalp as a Seizure Pattern
Authors: Yoshino Yukio , Shimoda Yukio 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFive patients with either “diencephalic” or “brainstem” epilepsy or “diencephalosis” were examined EEGcally during the course of their hospitalization. The significant changes were detected, mainly by diphenhydramine activation as to the distribution of the 6–14/sec positive spike pattern on the scalp. When the patients were relatively free from their symptoms, the positive spikes were recorded partially on only one or very few areas, and when they were experiencing clinical paroxysms, the spikes were detected diffusely in almost all areas of the scalp.Chronological EEG observations paralleling the clinical course of illness of a paroxysmal nature are unpopular. However, the necessity of efforts to record EEG's of patients during clinical paroxysms seems important and has been briefly discussed concerning the question as to whether the 6–14/sec positive spike pattern is an abnormal EEG change or perhaps a “seizure pattern”.
Sur le Syndrome de Capgras—Observations sur Deux Malades Schizophréniques
Authors: Kimura Sadamu , Koh Tsunenori , Ohya Mutsumi , Yanagi Yuji 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Two additional cases of Capgras syndrome were reported. In these schizophrenic patients, the abrupt hatred against family members seemed to contribute largely to the genesis of the syndrome in addition to delusional background. At the same time, the importance of delusional retrospective interpretation in these patients as well as in the previously reported case was discussed.RésuméDeux cas additionnels du syndrome de Capgras sont rapportés. Chez ces malades schizophréniques, la haine réelle envers les membres de leurs families semble largement contribuer à l'apparition du syndrome. En même temps, l'importance de Interprétation délirante rétrospective observée chez ces malades ainsi que chez une malade déjà rapportée, est discutée.
Functional Partial Epilepsies in Childhood
Authors: Morikawa Tateki , Terauchi Noboru , Shigematsu Hideo , Tsuji Masayasu , Fukai Mitsuhiro , Yagi Kazuichi , Seino Masakazu 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Out of the 314 children with partial epilepsies below the age of 15 who had been followed for more than 5 years, 122 children with functional partial epilepsies (FPE) were the subjects of this study. The specific modality of interictal EEG findings reminiscent of that of the Rolandic spikes (Dalla Bernardina, 1982, 1984) was compared between functional and organic partial epilepsies.The results were: 1) One hundred and twenty‐two patients were found to have FPE out of a total of 314 patients (39%). 2) Fifty‐five patients were diagnosed as typical benign epilepsy of children with centra‐temporal EEG foci (BECCT) of the 122 functional cases (45%). The remaining 67 patients who defied the diagnostic criteria of BECCT were; 9 cases with frontal EEG focus (7%), 11 cases with central and/or mid‐temporal EEG foci (9%), 10 cases with occipital EEG focus (8%) and 14 cases with multiple foci (11%). 3) Unfavorable seizure control was observed in cases with frontal foci (44%) and with multiple EEG foci (64%) compared with those whose EEG focus was located in the centro‐midtemporal area, (including BECCT; 98%) and in the occipital region (80%). 4) It was noteworthy that the recurrent interictal spikes similar to those of the Rolandic spikes (Dalla Bernardina) were found in more than 50% of the patients not only with functional but with organic partial epilepsies. Our results, at least at the present time, appear to indicate that the recurrent spikes never did signify the benignancy of the seizure prognosis. The importance of differential diagnosis of BECCT from FPE was specifically stressed.
Developmental Aspects of Epilepsy with Special Reference to Age‐Dependent Epileptic Encephalopathy
Authors: Ohtsuka Yoko , Ogino Tatsuya , Murakami Nagako , Mimaki Nobuyoshi , Kobayashi Katsuhiro , Ohtahara Shunsuke 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The specificity of childhood epilepsy was characterized by investigating the evolutional changes with age and prognoses of age‐dependent epileptic encephalopathy from the developmental aspect through a long‐term follow‐up.Three types of age‐dependent epileptic encephalopathy showed mutual evolutional changes at certain ages. This indicated an important role of the brain development in the clinicoelectroencephalographical manifestations of age‐dependent epileptic encephalopathy. Furthermore, the evolutional changes demonstrated an association with organic brain damage and etiology in addition to the age factors. The evolutional changes occurred more frequently in the cases with overt organic brain pathology. The prognosis was poorer in cases which underwent an evolutional change.
Effects of Bromocriptine on Neuroleptic‐Induced Amenorrhea, Galactorrhea and Impotence
Authors: Matsuoka Izuru , Nakai Takashi , Miyake Masakazu , Hirai Motoharu , Ikawa Genro 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The effects of bromocriptine on neuroleptic‐induced endocrinological disturbances (amenorrhea, galactorrhea and impotence) were investigated. Bromocriptine (5.0‐7.5 mg/day) was administered to psychiatric patients receiving neuroleptics and developing hyperprolactinemia. The following results were obtained.1. Menses recurred in 7 of 10 patients with amenorrhea.2. A decrease in lactation appeared in 5 of 6 patients with galactorrhea.3. A significant increase in the serum levels of testosterone was observed after 8 weeks of the treatment in male patients. (N = 6)4. There was no remarkable deterioration in regard to the psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients. (N = 7)5. In non‐schizophrenic patients (N = 9), a significant improvement was observed in regard to “somatic concern” (in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale).
An Autopsy Case of Adult Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
Authors: Yazaki Mitsuyasu , Totsuka Shiro , Akikusa Bunshiro , Nagao Koichi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: This is a report of an autopsy case (45‐year‐old woman) of adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis with a long‐lasting course of 25 years. In the course of her illness, gait disturbance, bulbar palsy and dementia were observed.Pathologically severe neuronal loss and hemosiderin‐like granules were found in the cortex, basal nuclei, thalamus and others. The residual cells of these tissues were swollen with lipofuscin‐like pigments. The extremely swollen nerve cells were found in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.Electron microscopically, numerous curvilinear bodies, myelin figures and fingerprint profiles were seen in those cytoplasms.Ceroid and lipofuscin were proven by a histochemical examination.
Ultrastructural Changes of Blood Vessels in the Cerebral Cortex in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Higuchi Yasushi , Miyakawa Taihei , Shimoji Akitomo , Katsuragi Shoichi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Several parts of the cerebral cortices in five brains from patientswith Alzheimer's disease were examined by light and electron microscopes. The results obtained are as follows:The initial change of the cerebral cortex in the brain occurred in the small blood vessel and capillary. The endothelial cell of the blood vessel fell into a degenerated state with swelling of the vascular feet and astroglial cells. The change in a great number of nerve cells and their processes diffusely observed in the cortices were nonspecific andcould be due to primary vascular degeneration.Severe dementia in Alzheimer's disease seemed to be well explained by the histo‐pathological findings of diffusely destroyed nerve cells and their processes.From this, Alzheimer's disease can be speculated to be a disease caused by progressive capillary degeneration.
Blood Groups Affective Disorders
Authors: Takazawa Noboru , Kimura Taketo , Nanko Shinichiro 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Distributions of seven blood groups (ABO, MNSs, P, Rh, Duffy, Kidd and Xg) were studied in a total of 118 Japanese patients with affective disorders. The patients were diagnosed according to the DSM‐III (1) Major Depression (= Unipolar Disorder, UP) (2) Bipolar Disorder (BP) (3) Other Affective Disorders.The following results were found (1) a high frequency of the B blood group in all patients with affective disorders compared with controls; (2) a high frequency of the Fy(a + b +) a low frequency of the Fy(a + b −) in all patients with affective disorders, UP BP compared with controls; (3) a low frequency of the Jk(a + b +) a high frequency of the Jk(a + b −) in BP compared with controls with UP.
Positron Emission Tomography in Three Cases of Lennox‐Gastaut Syndrome
Authors: Miyauchi Toshiro , Nomura Yuuji , Ohno Shiro , Kishimoto Hideji , Matsushita Masaaki 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The true responsible lesion of Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome was not adequately elucidated. Three cases of this syndrome were investigated by using Positron Emission Tomography (PET). PET revealed the differences in the left right sides, especially the hypometabolism from the frontal to temporal regions.With this finding we supposed that the L‐G syndrome implies one type of partial epilepsy caused by damage in parts of the temporal or frontal lobe.
Lennox‐Gastaut SyndTome Considerations in Its Concept and Categorization
Authors: Ohtahara Shunsuke 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome is the biggest target of current epilepsy research, and it contains almost all the fundamental problems in epilepsy.Highly different terms were given to the relatively broad area of the Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome by many schools hitherto. But gradually a general outline of this syndrome has been defined and the name Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome has been internationally fixed, leading to the holding of the International Symposium at Bad Kreuznach in 1987.Although the Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome is a clinico‐electrical entity which is clearly defined both clinically and electroencephalographically, diagnostic boundaries are not always precise in individual cases.According to the clinico‐electroencephalographic investigation on typical and atypical cases, diagnostic guidelines of the Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome were presented in this paper. Etiology and classification of the Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome were also mentioned referring to the significance of idiopathic Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome.