bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resection of soft tissue sarcoma of the lower limb after evaluation of vascular invasion with intraoperative intravascular ultrasonography
Authors: Hünerbein M , Hohenberger P , Stroszczynski C , Bartelt N , Schlag P M , Tunn P U 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
This study investigated the value of intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) in the intraoperative assessment of vascular invasion of soft tissue sarcoma.

Methods
In a 4-year interval, of 337 patients with soft tissue sarcoma, 20 patients with tumours of the lower limb in close relation to the neurovascular bundle underwent intraoperative IVUS (20 MHz). Intraoperative findings were correlated with preoperative imaging, histopathological appearance of the resection specimen and patient outcome.

Results
Intraoperative IVUS was technically successful in all 20 patients. It correctly predicted vascular involvement (true positive) in ten of 11 patients who required resection of major vessels. There was one false-negative and one false-positive result. With magnetic resonance imaging, there were ten true-positive and three false-positive scans, and one false-negative diagnosis. IVUS improved the assessment of vascular involvement in four of the 20 patients. Histopathological examination confirmed complete resection (R0) in 18 patients. Mean survival was 37 months, and no local recurrence was observed in these patients.

Conclusion
Vascular infiltration by soft tissue sarcoma can be visualized accurately by IVUS. This may improve intraoperative decisions about vessel resection.
Right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary artery stents in children under 18 months of age
Authors: Zeidenweber Carlo M. , Kim Dennis W. , Vincent Robert N. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective: To report our experience on patients less than 18 months of age in whom stents were placed either in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) or pulmonary arteries. Background: Although percutaneous placement of intravascular stents in congenital heart disease is common practice, there are few reports regarding placement in young children. Methods: Retrospective review of our database identified 19 patients less than 18 months of age who underwent placement of 26 stents in either the RVOT or pulmonary arteries. Data evaluated were patient age, gender, weight, site of narrowing, type of stent, gradient across the area of narrowing pre‐ and post‐stent placement, vessel size pre‐ and post‐stent placement, gradient, and vessel size on followup, and ability to redilate the stent if necessary. Results: Mean patient age was 9.7 months (range 0.5–17.5 months). There were 14 males and 5 females with a mean weight of 7.1 kg (range 2.3–10.2 kg). Five patients had stents placed in the RVOT and 14 patients had 21 stents placed in the branch pulmonary arteries. Two Johnson and Johnson P188 stents were used, 23 premounted Genesis biliary stents and 1 other. Gradient across the stenotic area decreased from a mean of 52.9 mm Hg (range 20–80 mm Hg) to 15 mm Hg (range 3–40 mm Hg) (P <.001). Conclusions: Percutaneous placement of intravascular stents in young children is a viable procedure, can provide excellent relief of stenoses, and increases vessel size in the short term. Although many of these stents cannot be dilated to adult size, their efficacy in small infants and children in whom further surgery will ultimately be required makes them desirable for this group of patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed finite element formulation of algorithms for double‐diffusive convection in a fluid‐saturated porous medium
Authors: Wong J. C.‐F. , Yuan P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe consistent splitting scheme involving a mixed finite element method for considering the influence of the Forchheimer‐extended Brinkman–Darcy model in the momentum equation is applied to double‐diffusive convection in a fluid‐saturated porous medium. It is shown that the method is robust and can accurately predict flow, pressure distribution, temperature and concentration fields. The numerical scheme may be an alternative to some other existing methods for the solution of porous thermosolutal convection problems since its implementation is very handy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expansion and retraction of hippocampal mossy fibers during postweaning development: Strain‐specific effects of NMDA receptor blockade
Authors: Holahan Matthew R. , Honegger Kyle S. , Routtenberg Aryeh 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe have recently discovered differences in the distribution of the mossy fiber terminal field (MFTF) between adult Long‐Evans rats (LER) and Wistar rats(WR): the suprapyramidal MFTF extends into distal stratum oriens (dSO) in LER, but is nearly absent in WR (Holahan et al.,2006, Hippocampus 16:560–570). To our knowledge, there is no developmental evidence that sheds light on how this strain‐dependent MFTF innervation in the adult is achieved. Accordingly, the present study examined the time course of MFTF development from postnatal days 0 to 40 and the effect of NMDA‐receptor antagonist 3‐(2‐carboxypiperazin‐4‐yl) propyl‐1‐phosphonic acid (CPP) on this developmental organization. In both LER and WR, a MFTF projection to dSO was observed between P18 and P21. By P24, the dSO projection in WR was no longer detectable whereas in LER, the dSO projection seen on P21 remained. We suggest that in WR a retraction of the MFTF projection from dSO to stratum lucidum between P21 and P24 leads to its adult pattern. In WR, CPP administration enhanced the dSO projection, possibly by blocking the retraction process. In LER, CPP administration reduced the dSO projection. Thus, in each strain, NMDA receptor blockade effectively reversed the developmental course of MFTF pattern of innervation. The present results lend strong support to the view that NMDA receptor regulation of input‐dependent processes during development is of critical importance in promoting the motility and target selection of presynaptic MF axons. This regulation extends later into development than had previously been thought. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of Chemoautotrophic Production to Freshwater Macroinvertebrates in a Headwater Stream Using Multiple Stable Isotopes
Authors: Doi Hideyuki , Takagi Atsushi , Mizota Chitoshi , Okano Jun‐ichi , Nakano Shin‐ichi , Kikuchi Eisuke 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe estimated the food sources of macroinvertebrates using carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes in a headwater stream. Stream food webs, including macroinvertebrates, rely on production from autochthonous and allochthonous photosynthesis. We found that a freshwater grazer, the snail Semisulcospira libertina, may assimilate different food sources, based on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence from snail muscle and the much lighter sulfur isotope signature than those of other associated macroinvertebrates. Previous studies have shown the importance of methanotrophic and sulfur bacteria in reductive environments (clay and organic‐rich sediments) as food sources for macroinvertebrates. Our results show that the production by chemoautotrophic bacteria contributes to the food sources of a snail in a stream. Thus, the chemoautotrophic bacteria are important in the freshwater food webs, even in mostly aerobic habitats. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diatom Diversity in Chronically versus Episodically Acidified Adirondack Streams
Authors: Passy Sophia I. , Ciugulea Ionel , Lawrence Gregory B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe relationship between algal species richness and diversity, and pH is controversial. Furthermore, it is still unknown how episodic stream acidification following atmospheric deposition affects species richness and diversity. Here we analyzed water chemistry and diatom epiphyton dynamics and showed their contrasting behavior in chronically vs. episodically acidic streams in the Adirondack region. Species richness and diversity were significantly higher in the chronically acidic brown water stream, where organic acidity was significantly higher and the ratio of inorganic to organic monomeric aluminum significantly lower. Conversely, in the episodically acidic clear water stream, the inorganic acidity and pH were significantly higher and the diatom communities were very species‐poor. This suggests that episodic acidification in the Adirondacks may be more stressful for stream biota than chronic acidity. Strong negative linear relationships between species diversity, Eunotia exigua, and dissolved organic carbon against pH were revealed after the influence of non‐linear temporal trends was partialled out using a novel way of temporal modeling. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Working tools for theoretical chemistry: Polanyi, eyring, and debates over the “semiempirical method”
Authors: Nye Mary Jo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFollowing along with the development of electron theory and quantum mechanics in the 1910s and 1920s, physical chemists began incorporating these new theories and approaches in their studies of activation energies, transition states, and chemical reactions for simple atomic and molecular systems. Among these chemists was Michael Polanyi, one of the founders of modern chemical dynamics, who collaborated with Henry Eyring in the development in the 1930s of a theory of the activated transition state and absolute reaction rates using potential energy surfaces and a semiempirical methodology. This paper examines the circumstances of their collaborative work, its reception, and its implications for further chemical research. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 28: 98–108, 2007
Covalent versus ionic bonding in alkalimetal fluoride oligomers
Authors: Bickelhaupt F. M. , Solà M. , Guerra C. Fonseca 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe most polar bond in chemistry is that between a fluorine and an alkalimetal atom. Inspired by our recent finding that other polar bonds (CM and HM) have important covalent contributions (i.e., stabilization due to bond overlap), we herein address the question if covalency is also essential in the FM bond. Thus, we have theoretically studied the alkalimetal fluoride monomers, FM, and (distorted) cubic tetramers, (FM)4, with M = Li, Na, K, and Rb, using density functional theory at the BP86/TZ2P level. Our objective is to determine how the structure and thermochemistry (e.g., FM bond lengths and strengths, oligomerization energies, etc.) of alkalimetal fluorides depend on the metal atom, and to understand the emerging trends in terms of quantitative Kohn–Sham molecular orbital theory. The analyses confirm the extreme polarity of the FM bond (dipole moment, Voronoi deformation density and Hirshfeld atomic charges), and they reveal that bond overlap‐derived stabilization (ca. −6, −6, and −2 kcal/mol) contributes only little to the bond strength (−136, −112, and −114 kcal/mol) and the trend therein along Li, Na, and K. According to this and other criteria, the FM bond is not only strongly polar, but also has a truly ionic bonding mechanism. Interestingly, the polarity is reduced on tetramerization. For the lithium and sodium fluoride tetramers, the F4 tetrahedron is larger than and surrounds the M4 cluster (i.e., FF ≫ MM). But in the potassium and rubidium fluoride tetramers, the F4 tetrahedron is smaller than and inside the M4 cluster (i.e., FF < MM). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 28: 238–250, 2007
Policies, plans, practice, and prospects: irrigation in northeastern Syria
Authors: Hole F. , Zaitchik B. F. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractOver the past half‐century the agricultural landscape of northeastern Syria has been transformed, due in large part to the introduction of significant irrigation to the steppe. At the beginning of this period, irrigation was confined almost entirely to river floodplains and natural depressions. The steppe was dominated by wintertime rain‐fed agriculture and year‐round grazing. The introduction of diesel‐powered wells and, subsequently, state‐operated dam and canal systems, has led to the expansion of both wintertime and summertime irrigation on the steppe away from the floodplain. The sustainability of these irrigation projects has always been suspect. Even as technologies for water extraction have allowed for previously impossible patterns of cultivation, the combination of declining water quality, a deepening water‐table, and degradation‐prone soils have limited crop yields and led to the rapid abandonment of many steppe farms. The actual trajectory of land‐use in the region is determined by social and political forces as well as by hydrology and surficial geology. In this paper we examine recent land‐use history in the watersheds of two tributaries of the Euphrates River, the Balikh and Khabur. A review of historical drivers of development in the region is combined with satellite analyses to provide an overview of the structure and dynamics of land‐use in this water‐limited region. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tellurium‐Based Polymeric Surfactants as a Novel Seleno‐Enzyme Model with High Activity
Authors: Huang Xin , Dong Zeyuan , Liu Junqiu , Mao Shizhong , Luo Guimin , Shen Jiacong 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSummary: A tellurium‐based polymeric sufactant as a seleno‐enzyme model has been constructed by employing 11‐acryloyloxyundecyltriethylammonium bromide (AUTEAB, 4) and a tellurium‐containing compound (1). It demonstrates strong substrate binding ability for thiols and high glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity about 6 orders of magnitude more efficient than the well‐known GPx mimic PhSeSePh in an ArSH assay system. More importantly, a series of tellurium‐based polymeric micelle catalysts with the catalytic tellurium center located at various positions in the micelle have been constructed, and the dramatic difference in activity indicates that the exact match of the catalytic center and binding site plays a key role in enzyme catalytic efficiency.Schematic representation of the proposed mode of the telluro‐micelle catalysts.magnified imageSchematic representation of the proposed mode of the telluro‐micelle catalysts.
Oxidative Polymerization of Silylthioketene Dimer
Authors: Naka Kensuke , Inagi Shinsuke , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSummary: The first π‐conjugated poly(thioketene dimer) was synthesized via the homopolymerization of a silylthioketene dimer by a chemical oxidation‐reduction process. The polymerization of trimethylsilylthioketene dimer in the presence of FeCl3 (in CHCl3 at 70 °C for 24 h) gave the corresponding doped poly(thioketene dimer). After treatment of the doped polymer with an aqueous solution of ammonia, the neutral poly(thioketene dimer) was obtained with an incidental desilylation. The polymer obtained was soluble in DMF and DMSO. From gel permeation chromatographic analysis (DMF, polystyrene standards), the number‐average molecular weight of the polymer was found to be 7 460. The polymer showed low oxidation potentials derived from the thioketene dimer unit. An effective extension of the π‐conjugation was observed in the polymer.Synthesis of π‐conjugated poly(thioketene dimer).magnified imageSynthesis of π‐conjugated poly(thioketene dimer).
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Thermo‐Sensitive Copolymer of N‐Isopropylacrylamide and Dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐diacrylamide
Authors: Ju Xiao‐Jie , Chu Liang‐Yin , Mi Peng , Song Hang , Lee Yong Moo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSummary: A series of novel, thermo‐sensitive copolymers with different molar ratios of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and hydrophobic cis‐dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐diacrylamide (cis‐DBCAm) were prepared via free‐radical copolymerization. cis‐DBCAm with polymerizable end groups was successfully synthesized by reacting the corresponding amino crown ether with acryloyl chloride. The copolymers were characterized by FT‐IR and elemental analysis, and the thermo‐sensitivities of the copolymers were evaluated by measuring their lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) in the absence or presence of various metal ions. The results indicated that incorporation of cis‐DBCAm lowered LCSTs, and that the LCSTs of the copolymers decreased with the increase in cis‐DBCAm content in the copolymers. When the cavities of the crown ether units captured either K+ or Cs+ ions, the LCST of the respective copolymer–metal ion complex was further decreased, whereas the capture of Na+ or Li+ ions did not have a significant influence on the LCSTs of the copolymers.Incorporation of cis‐DBCAm into PNIPAM resulted in a lower LCST. The LCST was decreased more when the cavities of the crown ether units captured K+ ions.magnified imageIncorporation of cis‐DBCAm into PNIPAM resulted in a lower LCST. The LCST was decreased more when the cavities of the crown ether units captured K+ ions.
Short bouts of stretching increase myo‐D, myostatin and atrogin‐1 in rat soleus muscle
Authors: Peviani Sabrina Messa , Gomes Anna Raquel Silveira , Moreira Roberta Fátima Carreira , Moriscot Anselmo Sigari , Salvini Tania Fátima 
Published: December 2006

AbstractStretching is widely used in rehabilitation and sports activities to improve joint range‐of‐motion and flexibility in humans, but the effect of stretching on the gene expression of skeletal muscle is poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of short bouts of passive stretching of rat soleus muscle on myo‐D, myostatin, and atrogin‐1 gene expressions. Six groups of animals were submitted to a single session of stretching (10 stretches of 1 minute with 30 seconds of rest between them, performed manually) and were evaluated immediately (I), and 8, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours after the session. To evaluate the effect of repetitive sessions of stretching on the soleus muscle over 1 week, three groups of animals received a single session per day of stretching and the muscle was evaluated immediately after 2, 3, and 7 sessions. The mRNA levels of myo‐D, myostatin, and atrogin‐1 were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A single session of stretching increased the mRNA levels of myo‐D (after 24 h), myostatin (I, and 168 h later), and atrogin‐1 (after 48 h). Repeated daily session of stretching over 1 week increased myostatin (after 7 sessions) and atrogin‐1 expression (after 2, 3, and 7 sessions). Thus, short bouts of passive stretching are able to increase the gene expression of factors associated with muscle growth (myo‐D), negative regulation of muscle mass (myostatin), and atrophy (atrogin‐1), indicating muscle remodeling through different pathways. Muscle Nerve, 2006
New mutation of the MPZ gene in a family with the Dejerine–Sottas disease phenotype
Authors: Floroskufi Paraskewi , Panas Marios , Karadima Georgia , Vassilopoulos Demetris 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1B is associated with mutations in the myelin protein zero gene. In the present study a new myelin protein zero gene mutation (c.89T>C,Ile30Thr) was detected in a family with the Dejerine–Sottas disease phenotype. The results support the hypothesis that severe, early‐onset neuropathy may be related to either an alteration of a conserved amino acid or a disruption of the tertiary structure of myelin protein zero. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Tandem duplication of DMD exon 18 associated with epilepsy, macroglossia, and endocrinologic abnormalities
Authors: Weiss Claudia , Jakubiczka Sibylle , Huebner Angela , Klopocki Eva , Kress Wolfram , Voit Thomas , Hübner Christoph , Schuelke Markus 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe describe a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who additionally suffered from intractable seizures, severe mental retardation, and a marked macroglossia. He also had endocrinologic abnormalities consisting of growth hormone deficiency, delayed puberty, and adrenal hypoplasia. We detected a duplication of DMD exon 18 and flanking introns that caused a frame‐shift and was not removed by corrective splicing. A coincident mutation in the FKRP gene was excluded by direct sequencing. Complex DNA rearrangements, deletions, and duplications >100 kb were excluded through microarray–comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), although we were not able to exclude a second coincident mutation with certainty. In conclusion, we present a case of DMD that conflicts with current understanding of genotype–phenotype relations and discuss putative pathogenetic mechanisms for this uncommon phenotype. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Calculation of denominator functions for nonstandard finite difference schemes for differential equations satisfying a positivity condition
Authors: Mickens Ronald E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn essential feature of nonstandard finite difference schemes for differential equations is the precise manner in which the discretization of derivatives is made. We demonstrate, for differential equations modeling systems where the solutions satisfy a positivity condition, that procedures can be formulated to calculate the so‐called denominator functions that appear in the discrete derivatives. These procedures are applied to a number of both ordinary and partial model differential equations to illustrate their use. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
Inverse microemulsion copolymerization of butyl acrylate and acrylamide: kinetics, colloidal parameters and some model applications
Authors: Yildiz Ufuk , Capek Ignác , Berek Dušan , Sarov Yanko , Rangelow Ivo W 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe inverse microemulsion copolymerization of acrylamide and butyl acrylate initiated by ammonium peroxodisulphate, a water‐soluble initiator, and stabilized by anionic emulsifiers sodium bis‐2‐ethylhexylsulfosuccinate and sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) has been studied. An increase of SDS concentration was observed to increase both the rate of polymerization and the particle size. The average number of radicals per particle (n̄) is much below 0.5, which indicates desorption of monomeric radicals from polymer particles. The exit (desorption) rate constants k′des (cm2 s−1) and kdes (s−1) were evaluated as a function of SDS concentration (or the particle size) according to the Ugelstad/O'Toole (I), Nomura (II) and Gilbert (III) models. The value of kdes (s−1) decreases with increasing particle size (or SDS concentration) for all three (I, II and III) models. A complex trend appears for k′des (cm2 s−1): the Ugelstad/O'Toole model estimates a decrease, the Nomura model finds no variation and the Gilbert model estimates even a slight increase in k′des with increasing SDS concentration. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Miscibility and mechanical properties of an amine‐cured epoxy resin blended with poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Larrañaga Maider , Mondragon Iñaki , Riccardi Carmen Cristina 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBlends composed of diaminodiphenylmethane bisphenol‐A epoxy resin and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were prepared via in situ curing reaction of epoxy in the presence of PEO. The miscibility of the blends before and after curing was established by thermal (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC), microstructural (atomic force microscopy) and dynamic mechanical analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the OH groups developed through cure reactions interact by hydrogen bonding with PEO. After crystallinity analysis by DSC, the interaction parameter was determined through the depression of the equilibrium melting temperature. Mechanical properties of the miscible blends do not show any significant change, although improvement of fracture toughness has been observed with respect to the matrix properties. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry