bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-throughput DNA barcoding provides insight into the factors shaping spider diversity in the biodiversity hotspot of Wallacea
Authors: Holmquist Anna J. , Lupiyaningdyah Pungki , Fahri F , Gillespie Rosemary G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Biodiversity hotspots, housing an immense portion of Earth's terrestrial biodiversity, are under severe threat due to anthropogenic change. The prevalence of undescribed taxa in these locations poses a significant challenge to community-level biodiversity monitoring and protection. In this study, we use a DNA mini-barcode to test predictions of biodiversity patterns in Sulawesi, Indonesia, part of the Wallacean biodiversity hotspot. We tested the elevational diversity gradient, the presence of areas of endemism (AOEs), and patterns of diversification in a diverse taxonomic group, the spiders (order Araneae). Our approach utilized individually sequenced adult specimens paired with juvenile specimens sequenced using a metabarcoding approach to assess diversity patterns within and between three mountains. 2,357spiders were sequenced and produced 926 amplicon sequence variants, clustered into 508 operational taxonomic units. Alpha diversity was significantly associated with elevation, peaking at the 1,000-1,500m elevation band, which supports the elevational diversity gradient. Distinct OTUs were found on each mountain, indicating areas of endemism for Sulawesi spider biodiversity. Additionally, communities between neighboring elevation bands within a mountain shared few OTUs; this high elevational turnover demonstrates how mountains act as biodiversity hotspots in and of themselves. Using a coarser sequence clustering approach, we found evidence for extensive in-situ diversification, reflected by a high number of 97% clusters that collapse into a low number of 95% clusters. Patterns of shared clusters between communities showed elevational structuring in line with niche conservatism with limited local diversification occurring between sites within a narrower elevational range. The approach we adopted greatly expanded our knowledge of Sulawesi spider biodiversity while also providing insights into the relative roles of pre-adapted lineages and local diversification in shaping overall diversity patterns across the island.
Research on UAV-NOMA communication system based on improved grey wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Bai Xiaojuan , Wang Shenghui , Ma Jingwen , Xu Jing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Considering that UAVs, serving as base stations, can enhance the flexibility of communication system transmission, reduce transmission delays, and provide temporary communication, this paper proposes a NOMA-assisted UAV downlink communication network model in a Rice fading channel, which is more suitable for air-to-ground transmission. The joint optimization of UAV three-dimensional trajectory, pitch angle, and user clustering is studied to improve the sum rate of the communication system. Among these, clustering users within different time intervals of UAV flight can lead to three scenarios: increasing, reducing, and replacing the number of users. Addressing the issue of nonlinear programming, this paper proposes an improved algorithm that combines the grey wolf optimization algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithm to overcome the insufficient global search ability of the grey wolf optimization algorithm. Simulation results show that the GWOPSO algorithm has a better convergence speed and accuracy, and the system also exhibits improved sum rate performance.
Exploring Convective Heat Transfer Mechanism with a BLMS-ANN Analysis of Carreau Fluid over a Rotating Cone
Authors: Ullah Fahim , Ashraf Muhammad Bilal , Ro Jong-Suk 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study seeks to investigate the phenomenon of heat transfer in a rotating cone submerged in a non-Newtonian Carreau fluid. The Carreau fluid is highly regarded for its shear-thinning behavior and its wide range of practical applications. Using a shooting method for numerical simulation and an Artificial Neural Network algorithm (ANN), specifically the back-propagation Levenberg-Marquardt Scheme (BLMS), we thoroughly analyze the intricate interplay between buoyancy and centrifugal forces through a rigorous analytical approach. The findings of our study make valuable contributions to the understanding of the fundamental significance of centrifugal forces and buoyancy in the domains of fluid dynamics and heat transfer. An in-depth analysis is conducted on the convective heat transfer process, considering crucial factors like the Nusselt number, Reynolds number, Grashof number, fluid velocity, and cone rotation. This work emphasizes the importance of further research into fluid flow and heat transfer dynamics. It specifically focuses on the interaction between various parameters, including thermal radiation, Thermophoresis, Brownian motion, viscous dissipation, and non-Newtonian complexity. This thorough investigation has the potential to significantly enhance precision and efficiency in various manufacturing applications.
Shear profile in a dense packing of large grains
Authors: quaresima Alessio , Plati Andrea , Gnoli Andrea , Petri Alberto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate the shear of a dense bed of refracting supermillimetric grains confined within a transparent horizontal annular cell with a rotating top. The local time correlation functions of interferometric images allow to characterize the shear profile close to the wall, with a spatial resolution well below the grain diameter. For increasing shear, we observe a transition in the system response and the manifestations of anisotropies in the force chains. The employed technique is of easy implementation and is especially suitable for the study of stationary processes.
Language Teachers’ Willingness to Communicate: The Role of Education Level, Workplace, and Locality
Authors: Azad Mohammad Taghei , Ahmadian Moussa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The concept of willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC) has long received considerable attention in scholarly research focusing on language learners. However, the scope of L2 WTC in foreign language settings transcends the learner population and encompasses language instructors as well. Limited research exists regarding the potential association between foreign language teachers’ education level, workplace, and locality, and their L2 WTC. Thus, the current study aimed to fill this gap in the literature, investigating how these factors can be associated with Iranian foreign language teachers’ willingness to communicate in second language (FLT WTC). To that purpose, a validated FLT WTC questionnaire was administered to 137 Iranian L2 teachers, and fifteen EFL sessions were observed in three different educational workplaces in Iran. Analytical methods such as multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analysis, ANOVA, and post-hoc Scheffé test were employed to analyze the collected data. It was found that foreign language teachers’ workplace could be a significant factor in their L2 WTC. Yet, their latest education level and teaching locality could not prove to be determining factors. These findings offer valuable insights for foreign language institutions, particularly regarding teacher recruitment considerations. The study also provides significant implications for educators and teacher trainers to pay careful attention to the impact of such factors on language teachers’ L2 WTC across various educational contexts.
Influence of the dual-stage sugar substitution method and the ultrasound on the convective drying of banana slices
Authors: Abrahão Fernanda Rezende , Corrêa Jefferson Luiz Gomes , Sousa Arlley de Brito Magalhães , Silveira Paula Giarolla , Cunha Renata Nepomuceno da 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The dual-stage sugar substitution (D3S) method was used to incorporate isomaltulose into banana slices. In the first stage of the technique, native fruit sugars were partially removed and, in the second, isomaltulose, a carbohydrate with a low glycemic index, was incorporated into the banana slices. Ultrasonic energy was applied to one or both stages in order to evaluate its influence on the process. Samples subjected to ultrasonic waves (40 kHz) in both stages presented greater water losses (10.007 ± 0.554%) and greater solids gains (4.809 ± 0.195%). The D3S process resulted in longer drying times of the banana slices. The mathematical models used to describe the drying process showed good adjustment, with emphasis on Midilli's (R² > 0.999). The application of the D3S method without ultrasound energy resulted in dried samples with greater longitudinal shrinkage, radial shrinkage, shrinkage coefficient and greater differentiation in terms of color compared to the other treatments. The use of ultrasonic energy in both stages of the method results in better physicochemical characteristics of the final product. Samples subjected to the D3S process showed a lower rehydration capacity.
Predicting RUNX1::RUNX1T1 genetic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia from bone marrow smears: Can artificial intelligence do better?
Authors: Cheng Hui , Ding Jing , Wang Juan , Xiao Yujun , Jin Xinyi , Zhang Yan , Yang Yuanyuan , Xu Huangmeng , Cao xinyi , Guo Fangyu , Yang Jianmin , Lou Jiatao , Tang Gusheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: The presence of the RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion gene in patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype is often indicated by distinctive morphological features in myeloblasts from bone marrow (BM) smears. This study aims to evaluate the capacity of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify specific genetic abnormalities based solely on morphological characteristics. The intent is to investigate a non-invasive, cost-effective, and efficient preliminary screening method prior to the application of molecular biological assays.
Methods: This multicenter trial included 205 patients diagnosed with AML, of which 75 were AML with RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion. A dataset of 65,039 myeloblasts images collected from the BM smears of these patients was compiled for model training, testing, and validation. The study also undertook a comparative analysis of the discrepancies between manual microscopy and AI-based identification.
Results: The model demonstrated proficiency in adapting to varied clinical scenarios by applying two different threshold values. Under the threshold of 0.59, the testing and validation cohorts showed sensitivities of 92.86% and 95.65%, with corresponding accuracies of 87.04% and 71.88%. Conversely, by setting the threshold at 0.88, specificities of 92.31% and 92.68% were achieved, along with accuracies of 88.89% and 90.63%. Regardless of the threshold, the AI model consistently outperformed manual microscopy (average accuracy: 50.00%).
Conclusion: The model demonstrates a significant capability to discern underlying RUNX1::RUNX1T1 genetic alterations from the morphological attributes of BM nucleated cells with a precision surpassing human observation. This providing a valuable tool highlights its potential for enhancing diagnostic efficiency in clinical practice.
Perioperative and Long-Term Oncological Outcomes of Robotic versus Laparoscopic Total Mesorectal Excision: A Retrospective study of 672 Patients
Authors: Shadmanov Niyaz , Aliyev Vusal , Piozzi Guglielmo Niccolò , Bakır Barıs , Goksel Suha , Asoglu Oktar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Backround
Although there's growing information about the long-term oncological effects of robotic surgery for rectal cancer, the procedure is still relatively new. This study aimed to assess the long-term oncological results of total mesorectal excision (TME) performed laparoscopically versus robotically in the setting of rectal cancer.
Methods
Restrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database. A total of 489 laparoscopic (L-TME) and 183 robotic total mesorectal excisions (R-TME) were carried out by a single surgeon between 2013 and 2023. The groups were compared in terms of perioperative and long-term oncological outcomes.
Results
In the R-TME and L-TME groups, male sex predominated (75.4% and 57.3%, respectively), although the robotic group was significantly greater (p = 0.008). There was no conversion in R-TME group, whereas three (0.6%) converted to open surgery in L-TME group. The R-TME group had a statistically significant higher number of distal rectal tumors (85%) compared to the L-TME group (54.6%). Only three (1.7%) patients in the R-TME group received abdomineperineal resection (APR); in contrast, 25 (5%) patients in the L-TME group received APR (p < 0.001). For R-TME, the mean follow-up was 70.7 months (range 18–138) and for L-TME, it was 60 months (range 14–140). Frequency of completed mesorectum was significantly greater in R-TME group (98.9% vs 94.2%, p < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival rates for R-TME and L-TME groups were 89.6% and 88.7%, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival for R-TME and L-TME groups were 84.1% and 81.1%, respectively. The local recurrences rates were 7.6% and 6.3%, respectively in R-TME and L-TME groups (p = 0.274).
Conclusion
R-TME is characterized by no conversion and improved mesorectal integrity. R-TME had longer operation time. The long-term oncological outcomes were comparable between groups.
Targeted Temperature Management following Traumatic Brain Injury: ESICM / NACCS Consensus Recommendations Guidelines
Authors: Lavinio Andrea , Coles Jonathan P , Robba Chiara , Aries Marcel , Bouzat Pierre , Chean Dara , Frisvold Shirin , Galarza Laura , Helbok Raimund , Hermanides Jeroen , Jagt Mathieu van der , Menon David K , Meyfroidt Geert , Payen Jean-Francois , Poole Daniele , Rasulo Frank , Rhodes Jonathan , Sidlow Emily , Steiner Luzius A , Taccone Fabio S , Takala Riikka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this panel was to develop consensus recommendations and guidance on targeted temperature management (TTM) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and in patients with moderate TBI who deteriorate and require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for intracranial pressure (ICP) management.
Methods
A group of 18 international neuro-intensive care experts in the acute management of TBI participated in a modified Delphi process. An online anonymised survey was completed ahead of the meeting, before the group convened to explore the level of consensus on TTM following TBI. Outputs from the meeting were combined into a further anonymous online survey round to finalise recommendations. Thresholds of ≥ 16 out of 18 panel members in agreement (≥ 88%) for strong consensus and ≥ 14 out of 18 (≥ 78%) for moderate consensus were prospectively set for all statements.
Results
Strong consensus was reached on TTM being essential for high-quality TBI care. It was recommended that temperature should be monitored continuously, and that fever should be promptly identified and managed in patients perceived to be at risk of secondary brain injury. Controlled normothermia (36.0°C–37.5°C) was strongly recommended as a therapeutic option to be considered in tier 1 and 2 of the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (SIBICC) ICP management protocol. Temperature management targets should be individualised based on the perceived risk of secondary brain injury and fever aetiology.
Conclusions
Based on a modified Delphi expert consensus process, this report aims to inform on best practices for TTM delivery for patients following TBI, and to highlight areas of need for further research to improve clinical guidelines in this setting.
Multi-Objective Optimization in CLSCM : A Fuzzy Model with Practical Applications
Authors: Nowpada Ravi Shankar , V Madhuri M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a novel mathematical model for multi-objective optimization in closed-loop supply chain management (CLSCM), addressing the complexities of time, quality, carbon emissions, and profit margin. Leveraging intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, the model effectively manages uncertainties in CLSCM. The interconnected constraints-time, quality, carbon emissions, and profit margin-shape sustainability and profitability. The model harmonizes these objectives, offering a comprehensive tool for CLSCM optimization. By accommodating vagueness with fuzzy numbers, the model enhances decision-making. Trade-offs and synergies among constraints are explored, providing insights for sustainable and financially viable CLSCM. Numerical experiments validate the model’s efficacy, demonstrating practical applicability in diverse scenarios. This research contributes a robust mathematical framework for industry practitioners, enhancing operational efficiency and sustainability in CLSCM.
Establishment of a machine learning model for the risk assessment of Perineural invasion in gastric cancer
Authors: song Jiawei , Peng Jiayi , Chen Xihao , Liu Zhiyu , qiao yihuan , Zhu Jun , Qian lei , Li Jipeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
More and more studies have proved that Perineural Invasion (PNI)plays an important role in cancer development,but the traditional detection methods are cumbersome pathological examinations and extremely dependent on doctors' experience, can not be applied to all hospitals. Therefore, we aim to build a model that predicts PNI using machine learning.
Methods
Outliers were removed using the Isolation Forest method and eligible patients were divided into training and testing cohorts using the Isolation Forest algorithm, and the data were subjected to binary tree segmentation, sample selection, feature selection and segmentation point selection, all using randomisation. The distributions of categorical variables were compared using the Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. AUC, balanced F Score, confusion matrix, Matthews correlation coefficient and diagnostic odds ratio to compare the predictive power of the models.
Results
The X-tree (random forest) model is a convenient and reliable tool for predicting PNI status in gastric cancer patients using preoperative clinical indicators. It has demonstrated excellent performance with an AUC of 0.97, precision of 0.93, and recall of 0.84 for the test set.
Conclusions
PNI is not conducive to the survival of gastric cancer patients, and the study established a model for predicting PNI in patients with gastric cancer based on their preoperative clinical characteristics.
Older People’s Technophilia and Technophobia: Methodological Research on the Psychometric Evaluation of the TechPH Scale among an Iranian Population
Authors: Abdipour Nasim , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Ghaffari Mohtasham 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim:
Considering the aging of the population, the emergence of numerous technologies and the potential effects that these technologies have on the lives of people, especially elderly people, access to an instrument to measure attitudes toward technology among elderly people is essential. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of psychometrically evaluating the scale for measuring attitudes toward technology (TechPH) in Iranian older people.
Methods
This methodological study was conducted on 420 older people (60 years old and above) in Tehran in 2024 for a psychometric test of attitudes toward technology scale (TechPH). Validation was carried out through translation validity methods in the form of translation-back translation with bilingual experts (n = 2), face validity with a sample of the older population (n = 10), content validity with a panel of 11 experts and construct validity with EFA and CFA (n = 420). Instrument reliability was determined through test-retest and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) methods with a sample of older people (n = 20). SPSS version 16 and EQS 6.4 software were used for the data analysis.
Results
A comparison of Farsi and English translations revealed acceptable translation validity and cultural adaptability for the scale. Each item's Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were determined, and the total average CVI was 0.95. The results of the EFA obtained from the KMO showed the adequacy of the sample size (KMO = 0.754) and the Bartlett's sphericity test showed a significant correlation between the items (χ2 = 221.819, df = 15, P < 0.0001). EFA indicated that 2 extracted factors explained 41.002% and 18.111% of the total variance. Also, CFA of the items resulted in a suitable estimate based on the general fit indices of the model (RMSEA = 0.061, IFI = 0.979, GFI = 0.983, CFI = 0.978 CMIN/DF = 1.769, MFI = 0.989, AGFI = 0.942). In evaluating the test-retest stability and internal consistency, the values of Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's α were 0.922 and 0.765, respectively, which indicated the appropriate reliability of the scale.
Conclusion
IR.TechPH, the first Persian version of the scale for measuring technophilia and technophobia among Iranian older people, has favorable psychometric properties and can be used as a standard tool to measure older people’s attitudes toward technology in different studies.
Delocalizing Electron Distribution in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorophors for High-efficiency, Long-lifetime Blue Electroluminescence
Authors: Duan Lian , Huang Tianyu , Wang Qi , Zhang Hai , Xin Yangyang , Zhang Yuewei , Zhang Dongdong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters are promising for the next generation organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), yet their efficiency and stability still cannot meet the requirements for commercialization. Here, we establish a design rule for highly efficient and stable TADF emitters by introducing an auxiliary acceptor to delocalize electron distributions, not only enhancing the molecular stability in the negative polaron state but also accelerating the triplet-to-singlet up-conversion and the singlet radiative processes simultaneously. Proof-of-the-concept TADF compounds, based on a multi-carbazole-benzonitrile structure, exhibit near-unity photoluminescent quantum yields, short-lived delays, and improved photo- and electroluminescent stabilities. Deep-blue OLED utilizing one of these molecules as the sensitizer for a multi-resonance emitter achieves a remarkable LT95 (time to 95% of initial luminance) of 221 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2, together with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 30.8% and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.14, 0.17). This work would unlock the potential of TADF emitters for practical applications.