bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased sensitivity to heat pain in chronic low blood pressure
Authors: Duschek Stefan , Dietel Anja , Schandry Rainer , del Paso Gustavo A. Reyes 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTWhile in elevated blood pressure reduced sensitivity to acute pain has been well established, little is known about possible alterations in pain perception within the lower range of blood pressure. In this study, sensitivity to heat pain was assessed in 40 subjects with chronic hypotension (mean blood pressure 96.5/57.7mmHg) and 40 normotensive control persons (mean blood pressure 121.8/77.2mmHg). Employing a contact thermode, heat stimuli were applied to the forearm. Pain threshold and tolerance were determined. Participants furthermore rated subjective intensities and unpleasantness of tonic heat stimuli (45.5–47.5°C) on visual analogue scales and in a questionnaire. Possible confounding of sensitivity to heat pain with skin temperature, temperature sensitivity and mood was controlled for. In addition to blood pressure, functional features of the arterial baroreceptor system were related to pain experience. Therefore, estimates for the input on the baroreceptors, as well as baroreflex sensitivity were obtained. Hypotensive individuals exhibited markedly reduced pain threshold and pain tolerance, as well as increased sensory and affective pain experience. The measures related to the baroreceptor system were not associated with pain experience, suggesting that no significant modulation of heat pain occurs through this system. The results of this study complete the findings on hypertension‐related hypoalgesia and suggest an inverse relationship between blood pressure and pain sensitivity across the whole blood pressure spectrum. Furthermore, increased proneness of hypotensive individuals to clinical pain may be discussed.
Factors associated with regular cervical cancer screening
Authors: Grangé Gilles , Malvy Denis , Lançon Florian , Gaudin Anne‐Francoise , El Hasnaoui Abdelkader 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the factors associated with regular cervical screening (CS) in the French female population.MethodsFace‐to‐face interviews with 5354 randomly selected French women were carried out in this population‐based, observational, cross‐sectional study. The variables found significant by univariate analysis were entered in a stepwise analysis. A multivariate logistic model constructed with these variables permitted to identify which were significantly related to women undergoing regular CS.ResultsA significant relationship was found between regular CS and previous screening for HIV infection, being professionally active, fear of cervical cancer, level of education, and having had a gynecologic check‐up in the past 5 years.ConclusionSince the study sample was known to be representative of the female adult population, most of our observations may have important public health implications in France, where information on HPV infection and its possible consequences need to be improved.
Pelvic denervation procedures: A current reappraisal
Authors: Lee Ted T.M. , Yang Linda C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe introduction of minimally invasive techniques over recent years has led to the resurgence of pelvic denervation procedures such as presacral neurectomy and uterine nerve ablation being performed for women with dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain. Women who have failed medical therapy with persistent and debilitating symptoms may certainly benefit from these procedures. However, presacral neurectomy and uterine nerve ablation are distinct procedures that require appropriate patient selection in order to optimize pain relief. Whereas presacral neurectomy may be effective for both primary dysmenorrhea and endometriosis‐related pelvic pain, the role of uterine nerve ablation should be reserved for patients with primary dysmenorrhea only, as evidenced by several randomized trials.
Evidence for geographic variation in the diets of late Pleistocene and early HoloceneBisonin North America, and differences from the diets of recentBison
Authors: Rivals Florent , Solounias Nikos , Mihlbachler Matthew C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDuring the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, Bisonwas widely dispersed across North America and occupied most regions not covered by ice sheets. A dietary study onBisonpaleopopulations from Alaska, New Mexico, Florida, and Texas was performed using two methods that relate dental wear patterns to diet, mesowear analysis and microwear analysis. These data were compared to a mixed sample of extantBisonfrom the North American central plains, extant woodBisonfrom Alberta (Canada) and a variety of other modern ungulates. Mesowear relates macroscopic molar facet shape to levels of dietary abrasion. The mesowear signature observed on fossilBisondiffers significantly from the hyper-abrasive grazing diet of extantBison. Tooth microwear examines wear on the surface of enamel at a microscopic scale. The microwear signal of fossil samples resembles to modernBison, but the fossil samples show a greater diversity of features, suggesting that fossilBisonpopulations regularly consumed food items that are texturally inconsistent with the short-grass diet typical of modern plainsBison. Mesowear and microwear signals of fossilBisonsamples most closely resemble a variety of typical mixed feeding ungulates, all with diets that are substantially less abrasive than what is typical for modern plainsBison. Furthermore, statistical tests suggest significant differences between the microwear signatures of the fossil samples, thus revealing geographic variability in PleistoceneBisondiets. This study reveals that fossils are of value in developing an understanding of the dietary breadth and ecological versatility of species that, in recent times, are rare, endangered, and occupy only a small remnant of their former ranges.
A new approach to detecting vegetation and land-use Change using high-resolution lipid biomarker records in stalagmites
Authors: Blyth Alison J. , Asrat Asfawossen , Baker Andy , Gulliver Pauline , Leng Melanie J. , Genty Dominique 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA hundred-year stalagmite lipid biomarker record from Mechara, southeastern Ethiopia, is presented. The record has been recovered at a 10-yr temporal resolution, marking the first time this has been achieved in stalagmite biomarker work and providing the first opportunity to investigate the relationship between stalagmite lipid records and hydrological transport lags, a vital issue in interpreting palaeoenvironmental signals. Preserved plant-derived n-alkanes and n-alkanols show clear changes in composition over time, relating to known land-use changes in the area, particularly the expansion of agriculture in the early twentieth century. The level of environmental detail provided by this technique, combined with the long-term chronological framework offered by stalagmites, holds significant promise for the investigation of early human environments and their associated climatic and anthropogenic controls.
Relationships between glacier and rock glacier in the Maritime Alps, Schiantala Valley, Italy
Authors: Ribolini Adriano , Chelli Alessandro , Guglielmin Mauro , Pappalardo Marta 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn the Schiantala Valley of the Maritime Alps, the relationship between a till-like body and a contiguous rock glacier has been analyzed using geomorphologic, geoelectric and ice-petrographic methodologies. DC resistivity tomographies undertaken in the till and in the rock glacier show the presence of buried massive ice and ice-rich sediments, respectively. Ice samples from a massive ice outcrop show spherical gas inclusions and equidimensional ice crystals that are randomly orientated, confirming the typical petrographic characteristics of sedimentary ice. The rock glacier formation began after a phase of glacier expansion about 2550"50 14C yr BP. Further ice advance during the Little Ice Age (LIA) overrode the rock glacier root and caused partial shrinkage of the pre-existing permafrost. Finally, during the 19th and 20th centuries, the glacial surface became totally debris covered. Geomorphological and geophysical methods combined with analyses of ice structure and fabric can effectively interpret the genesis of landforms in an environment where glaciers and permafrost interact. Ice petrography proved especially useful for differentiating ice of past glaciers versus ice formed under permafrost conditions. These two mechanisms of ice formation are common in the Maritime Alps where many sites of modern rock glaciers were formerly occupied by LIA glaciers.
Esotericism and the Critique of Historicism
Authors: MELZER ARTHUR M. 
Published: April 2008

“The relation of history to reason,” observes Jurgen Habermas, “remains constitutive for the discourse of modernity—for better or worse” (1987, 392). The worse of it is: the modern premise of reason's imbeddedness in history means that unless we can demonstrate—through an increasingly suspect “grand narrative” of “reason in history”—that history is fundamentally rational, we must accept that reason is fundamentally historical and that all our “knowledge” is merely temporary, local, and arbitrary.To avoid this collapse into historical relativism, we must reassess the crucial premise: reason's historicity. Why is the modern mind so utterly captivated by the idea that every mind is a prisoner of its times? This question receives its most probing treatment in the work of Leo Strauss. His rediscovery of the theory of esotericism—which is the premodern understanding of the relation of reason to history—poses important new challenges to the whole historicist paradigm. It points the way to a “posthistoricist” relegitimation of reason through a return to Socratic rationalism.
Life history traits ofAedes caspius(Diptera: Culicidae): a laboratory study of larval stages
Authors: Carron A. , Bichaud L. , Platz N. , Bicout D.J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe larval survival and development times ofAedes caspius(Diptera: Culicidae) were examined in the laboratory. These life history traits were estimated using life tables constructed for two populations, one of which had been subjected to a long-term larvicide control program. Traits were evaluated for eight different population densities. The effects of population, larval stage and larval density were investigated using a general linear model. Density was positively correlated with larval survival but did not affect development time. The fourth instar and pupae had the lowest larval survival rates. First and fourth instar larvae had the longest development times. These traits were not significantly different between the two populations. The effect of larvicide control on these traits is discussed.
Effects of forest-dune ecotone management on the endangered heath grasshopper, Chorthippus vagans (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Hochkirch A. , Gärtner A.-C. , Brandt T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDry, oligotrophic ecosystems are highly threatened in Europe due to massive changes in land use and eutrophication. The conservation of these xeric habitats has received much attention, whereas the ecotones between xeric habitats and other habitat types are often disregarded. One species which mainly inhabits the transition zone between pine forests and adjacent xeric habitats is the heath grasshopper, Chorthippus vagans. This species is endangered in large parts of Europe. One of the largest populations in northern Germany is found on a degraded inland dune near Hanover. This population is threatened by dense growth of deciduous trees and litter accumulation. We analyzed changes in the distribution of this population after the implementation of conservation measures (thinning out the forest and removal of leaf litter). Moreover, we examined dispersal distances of the species in order to assess its colonization potential. We also studied the microhabitat preferences of C. vagans to assess key factors influencing its local distribution. Our data show a substantial growth in population size, which might be a consequence of the conservation measures. New patches on the dune were colonized, promoting dispersal between the subpopulations. We propose that restoration of forest-dune ecotones should be considered more often in landscape planning and conservation management.
The City-Suburban Cleavage in Canadian Federal Politics
Authors: Walks R. Alan 
Published: April 2008

Abstract.Despite increasing speculation and attention, as of yet insufficient empirical research has been conducted on the possibility of a political cleavage based on differences between Canadian inner cities and suburbs. This article sheds light on the potential existence of such differences by analyzing federal elections at the level of the constituency from 1945 to 1997. Results show that city-suburban differences in federal party voting did not become significant until the 1980s, and increased after this point, with inner-city residents remaining to the left of the rest of Canada in their party preferences while suburbanites shifted increasingly to the right in their voting patterns. The results obtained from regression analysis suggest that such a divergence cannot be reduced solely to differences in social composition, housing tenure, or region, and thus confirm that it constitutes a ‘true’ political cleavage. It is argued that intra-urban geography needs to taken into account in future analyses of Canadian political behaviour.Résumé.Malgré un intérêt croissant pour la question, il existe encore peu de recherches empiriques sur un possible clivage politique dont les fondements seraient les différences entre les quartiers urbains centraux et les banlieues. Cet article jette un nouvel éclairage sur l'existence possible de ces différences à partir d'une analyse des résultats électoraux dans les circonscriptions fédérales entre 1945 et 1997. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les différences entre le vote pour les partis politiques fédéraux ne sont devenues significatives que pendant les années 1980, mais qu'elles se sont exacerbées par la suite, les résidents de quartiers centraux demeurant à la gauche de l'échiquier politique tandis que les banlieues votaient de plus en plus à droite. Les résultats de l'analyse de régression suggèrent que ces différences ne sont pas seulement attribuables à la composition sociale, au taux de propriété, ou encore à la région, et constituent par le fait même un “ véritable ” clivage politique. L'auteur conclut que l'analyse géographique intra-urbaine devra être prise en compte dans les analyses futures du comportement politique Canadien.
Long-Term Economic Hardship and Non-Mainstream Voting in Canada
Authors: Perrella Andrea M.L. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract.Canadian voting behaviour from 1979 to 2000 is examined by relating long-term economic changes to support for “non-mainstream” parties, defined as parties other than the Liberals or Progressive Conservatives. This long-term perspective is unique, in that standard economic voting research focuses mostly on how short-term economic changes affect support levels for the incumbent. In order to illustrate the effects of long-term economic decline, federal voting results are related with short- and long-term economic data, namely unemployment and labour-force participation rates, all aggregated at the provincial level. The pooled data produces results that confirm the relevance of short-term changes to explain support for the incumbent party, while support for non-mainstream parties is, instead, explained by long-term economic changes.Résumé.Cet article examine le comportement électoral des Canadiens de 1979 à 2000 en reliant les changements économiques à long terme à l'appui accordé aux partis “ non dominants ”, à savoir les partis autres que les libéraux et les conservateurs. Cette perspective à long terme est unique en son genre car les recherches standard sur le vote économique étudient surtout le retentissement des changements économiques à court terme sur l'appui au parti sortant. Pour illustrer les effets du déclin économique à long terme, nous avons relié les résultats des élections fédérales aux données économiques à court et à long terme, notamment les taux de chômage et de participation de la population active, calculés à l'échelon provincial. Les données agrégées donnent des résultats qui confirment la pertinence des changements à court terme pour expliquer l'appui au parti sortant, tandis que le soutien aux partis “ non dominants ” s'explique au contraire par les changements économiques à long terme.
Disparate Fates in Challenging Times: Women's Policy Agencies and Neoliberalism in Aotearoa/New Zealand and British Columbia
Authors: Teghtsoonian Katherine 
Published: April 2008

Abstract.This article develops an explanation for the different approaches to existing women's policy agencies adopted by governments of the right elected to office in Aotearoa/New Zealand (in 1990) and in the province of British Columbia (in 2001). In Aotearoa/New Zealand, the Ministry of Women's Affairs remained structurally intact, while in British Columbia the Ministry of Women's Equality was eliminated and replaced with a women's policy agency that constitutes a small subunit within a much larger ministry. My analysis of these developments focuses on the impact of two institutional features of the women's ministries: (1) the nature of the activities in which they were involved and the different allocations of their budgetary resources that these activities entailed; and (2) the relationship between each ministry and community-based women's groups. I also explore the interaction between these institutional variables and the particular way in which a discourse of “special interests” has been expressed within the party of the right in each case.Résumé.Cet article développe une explication des différences d'attitude envers les agences chargées des politiques concernant les femmes entre les gouvernements de droite qui ont été élus à Aotearoa/Nouvelle-Zélande (en 1990), et en Colombie-Britannique (en 2001). À Aotearoa/Nouvelle-Zélande, la structure du ministère des Affaires des femmes est restée intacte, tandis qu'en Colombie-Britannique le ministère de l'Égalité des femmes a été éliminé et remplacé par une agence chargée des politiques concernant les femmes, qui n'est qu'une petite sous-unité d'un ministère beaucoup plus étendu. Mon analyse de ces développements porte sur l'impact de deux aspects institutionnels des ministères de la condition féminine: (1) le caractère de leurs activités et les différences correspondantes d'allocation de leurs ressources budgétaires; (2) le rapport entre chaque ministère et les groupes féministes des collectivités locales. En plus, j'explore l'interaction entre ces variables institutionnelles et la formation de l'argument d'“ intérêts particuliers ” avancé par le parti de droite dans chaque cas.
Crossing the Atlantic: Comparing the European Union and Canada
Authors: Michelmann Hans 
Published: April 2008

Crossing the Atlantic: Comparing the European Union and Canada,
Patrick M. Crowley, ed., Aldershot, Hants and Burlington, Vt., Ashgate
Publishing Limited, 2004, pp. vi, 231.Edited volumes are notoriously difficult to organize around a
well-focused theme. This is particularly so when chapters originate from a
conference exploring a number of topics with participants from different
academic backgrounds. Further complexity arises when chapters are
subsequently added, as they were in Crossing the Atlantic.
Reviewing such a volume and suggesting an audience for it, in turn, is a
challenge because of the inevitable variability in topics, theoretical
assumptions and writing styles found in such a collective work.
Greening NAFTA: The North American Commission for Environmental
Co-operation
Authors: McKenzie Judith 
Published: April 2008

Greening NAFTA: The North American Commission for Environmental
Co-operation, David L. Markell & John H. Knox, eds., Stanford Law
& Politics Series; Stanford University Press, 2003, pp. xv, 324.At first blush, the title of this book, Greening NAFTA, would
likely be viewed as an oxymoron by most environmentalists. After all, the
environmental critiques of free trade including the massive use of fossil
fuels in transporting goods around the globe and a “race to the
bottom” as it relates to environmental standards, among others,
continue to resonate among North American environmentalists. However, once
one has tucked into this volume, it becomes clear that the intent of this
edited collection is to examine how effective the North American
Commission for Environmental Cooperation (the NACEC or CEC) has been in
its (now) ten years of existence. Its genesis was largely the result of
widespread objections made by North American environmental groups and, at
the time it was created (1994), it was the first international
organization created to address the environmental aspects and issues
associated with economic integration. In some respects, a more appropriate
title for this edition would have included a question mark after the word
NAFTA, because the contributors to this book have very mixed assessments
as to whether the CEC has fulfilled its early promise of having a greening
effect on NAFTA.
The Shifting Foundations of Modern Nation-States
Authors: Stevenson Garth 
Published: April 2008

The Shifting Foundations of Modern Nation-States, Sima Godfrey and
Frank Unger, eds., Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004, pp. xi,
164.The collapse of communism, the end of the cold war, and the seeming
inevitability of what is euphemistically termed globalization have shifted
the parameters of political discourse away from the traditional issues of
economics and class or, as Harold Lasswell succinctly put it almost seven
decades ago, who gets what, when, how. The new discourse focuses instead
on the politics of identity and, whether one likes it or not, nationalism
still occupies a very prominent place among the identities cherished by
various groups of human beings. Thus the last fifteen years have seen a
proliferation of books, articles, and conference papers devoted to the
subject of nationalism, in Canada and elsewhere.
Contre l'espoir comme tâche politique.
Authors: Paris Vincent 
Published: April 2008

Contre l'espoir comme tâche politique., Lawrence Olivier.,
Montréal : Liber, 2004, 247 p.Lawrence Olivier est un penseur et un philosophe de la
modernité. Il n'est pas moderne, il n'est pas
traditionnel et, Dieu merci, il n'est pas postmoderne non plus. Son
dernier essai “ Contre l'espoir comme tâche politique
” donne cependant l'impression d'un immense plaidoyer
contre le défi que s'est lancé l'humain moderne
à lui-même. Défi situé au cœur même
de la modernité, soit celui de “ faire de l'homme un
homme ” à travers ce qu'il appelle “ le principe
espérance ”, porté entre autres par
l'éducation et l'expérience politique depuis le
dix-huitième siècle.
The Biblical Politics of John Locke
Authors: Eisenach Eldon J. 
Published: April 2008

The Biblical Politics of John Locke, Kim Ian Parker, Editions SR,
Volume 29; Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2004, pp.
ix, 211.Parker's study is on the foundational role played by the creation
story of Genesis in Locke's moral and political philosophy.
Locke's First Treatise against patriarchalism was not only a
refutation of Filmer's reading of Adam and original sin, it was a
positive rereading of that story suggesting “an emancipation of
humanity almost unprecedented in theological writings” (38).
Locke's distinction between paternal and political power, then, is
not merely a way of “scoring polemical points against Filmer”
but becomes a way “to form the basis of his political theory”
(120). What can too easily be read as “merely” exegetical
polemic in the First Treatise is translated into philosophical
argument in the Second Treatise.