bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone and the Response to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone >in Relation to Sex and Age
Authors: Lindholm J. , Korsgaard O. , Rasmussen P. , Micic S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSerum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) before and after intravenous injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were studied in 71 male and female subjects of various ages. Mean basal FSH and LH levels were not significantly different in the male groups, except that FSH was significantly higher in the very old subjects. Postmenopausal female subjects had much higher concentrations of both hormones than had premenopausal women. LH was higher in female subjects shortly after the menopause than in very old female subjects. The serum concentrations of both FSH and LH 30 min. after intravenous injection of 200 yg LHRH were not different from the 60 min. values. There was no significant difference in the response of LH in the male groups. The peak FSH concentration was higher in the very old male subjects. Postmenopausal women had a much higher peak concentration of both FSH and LH than had younger subjects. The increment of LH, but not of FSH, was larger in female subjects shortly after the menopause than in very old female subjects. In both sexes there was a significant correlation between the basal FSH/LH ratio and age. In younger male subjects there was a close positive correlation between basal LH and serum testosterone, in older male subjects this correlation was negative and significant.
The Effect of Generalized Hypoxia upon Flow and Composition of Cardiac Lymph in the Dog
Authors: Fjeld N. B. , Kluge T. H. , Stokke K.T. , Skrede S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractGeneralized hypoxia lasting 60 seconds more than doubled the cardiac lymph flow in dogs. The number of erythrocytes per mm3 of cardiac lymph increased by about 300 %. However, there was no change in total protein or in the concentrations of different lipids following hypoxia. Thus, the transfer of erythrocytes across the myocardial inter‐stitium increased by a factor of ten, and proteins and lipids by 150 %. An increase of the capillary surface area probably explained the increased lymph flow. Permeability for macromolecules through the endothelial cells was not increased, since the selectivity for different lipids did not change. The increased transfer of erythrocytes may be explained by an increased permeability through intercellular junctions.The triglyceride content of thoracic duct lymph decreased by about 60 % in the corresponding period, but no changes in flow or permeability were observed.
Activity of Erythropoietin and Renin in Renal Venous Blood of Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Takács L. , Albert K. , Vajda V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPlasma activities of renin and erythropoietin were determined in the renal veins of the right and left kidneys of hypertensive patients. The patients were divided into the following groups either according to the origin of the hypertension (group 1: control or essential hypertension, group 2: renovascular hypertension) or according to the hormone levels (group 3: renin activity exceeding 10 ng/litre in at least one of the renal veins and group 4: erythropoietin activity higher than 4% 5 9Fe incorporation in at least one of the renal veins).In groups 1, 2 and 3 a statistically significant difference in renin activity was found between the kidney with the higher renin activity and that with the lower activity However, in group 4, the side, which showed elevated erythropoietin values also had higher renin activity as compared to the essential hypertensive group.Erythropoietin activity probably does not parallel the increased renin activity found in renovascular hypertension or in some cases of non‐renovascular hypertension. However, in several cases of renal vascular alterations, both systems can be activated simultaneously.
Turnover of Plasma Cholesteryl Esters and its Relationship to Other Parameters of Lipid Metabolism in Man1
Authors: Kudchodkar B. J. , Sodhi Harbhajan S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractStudies on plasma cholesteryl esters were made in 32 normal and hyperlipidaemic subjects in an attempt to elucidate further the metabolic relationships between cholesterol and other plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Fractional and net turnover rates of plasma cholesteryl esters were measured using two independent (in vivo and in vitro) methods, both of which determined the prevailing activity of plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in the ambiance of the patients own plasma. The results obtained by the two methods were in excellent agreement.The turnover rates of plasma cholesteryl esters in hypertriglyceridaemic patients were significantly greater than in patients with only hypercholesterolaemia and in those with normal plasma lipids. In agreement with these observations, the esterified to free cholesterol ratios in hypertriglyceridaemic patients were significantly greater than in those with normal plasma triglycerides. Patients who had only hypercholesterolaemia had normal esterified to free cholesterol ratios.The rates of esterification of plasma free cholesterol correlated well with triglyceride concentrations as well as with the net turnover of plasma triglycerides and also with the turnover or synthesis of endogenous cholesterol. Since the turnover of plasma triglycerides in most patients with modest to moderate hypertriglyceridaemia reflects the turnover of their plasma very low density lipoproteins, it is suggested that it is the turnover of these lipoproteins which correlates with the hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and with the esterification of plasma cholesteryl esters.
Electron Microscopic Characterization of Lipoproteins from Patients with Familial Type III Hyperlipoproteinaemia
Authors: Patsch J. R. , Sailer S. , Braunsteiner H. , Forte T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe lipoproteins of very low density, low density and intermediate density were isolated by zonal ultracentrifugation from the plasma of subjects with familial type III hyperlipoproteinaemia and studied by electron microscopy. Each of these lipoproteins exhibited a spherical shape when free‐standing. The very low density, low density and intermediate density lipoproteins ranged in diameter from 31 ‐ 80, 17 ‐ 23, and 21 ‐ 35 nm, respectively. These results are consistent with, our previous findings that the intermediate density lipoprotein particles characteristic of plasma from type III subjects exhibit properties which are intermediate between those of very low density and low density lipoproteins.
Studies on the Mitogenic Activity of Trypsin, Pronase and Neuraminidase on Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Girard J. P. , Fernandes B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHuman peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of protease (trypsin and pronase) and Vibrio choleraeneuraminidase. T and B lymphocyte populations were separated and the effect of these enzymes plus phytohaemagglutin or Tuberculin was studied.The results of these experiments show that proteases moderately stimulate spontaneous deoxynucleic acid synthesis of control cells and potentiate the effect of tuberculin on sensitized cells. These enzymes act specifically on B lymphocytes.Neuraminidase also increases spontaneous deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis of control cells and augments significantly the in vitro response to PPD. There is no additive effect of neuraminidase on phytohaemagglutin stimulated cells. Neuraminidase seems to stimulate specifically T lymphocytes.Some possible mechanisms of action of these enzymes are proposed and discussed.
Peptide‐Bound Hydroxylysine and Large Polypeptides related to Collagen Synthesis
Authors: Askenasi R. , Rao V.H. , Devos A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAbout 10% of the urinary hydroxylysine is linked to peptides. There is no significant difference between the excretion of peptide‐bound hydroxylysine and hydroxylysine measured in the non‐dialysable fraction of the urine. Non‐dialysable hydroxylysine is highly glycosylated and contains mainly glucosyl‐galactosyl‐hydroxylysine. It is concluded that the urinary peptide‐bound hydroxylysine is present in the non‐dialysable collagen polypeptides. Their unusual carbohydrate composition is discussed.
Kinetics of Insulin Secretion in Chronic Pancreatitis and Mild Maturity Onset Diabetes (Evidence for “Gut Hormone” Action Beyond Glucoreceptor and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Mediated Insulin Release)
Authors: Botha J. L. , Vinik A. I. , Blake K.C.H. , Jackson W.P.U. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe studied insulin responses to glucose with and without cholecystokinin‐pancreozymin and aminophyllin infusions in normal, chronic pancreatitic and genetic (maturity‐onset) diabetic subjects. Glucose was given alone as separate 5 and 10 g boluses followed by infusion at 250 mg/min. and 500 mg/min., respectively. Chronic pancreatitis patients and genetic diabetic patients had decreased Imax values, indicating a decreased insulin reserve. Sensitivity to glucose was normal in pancreatitic subjects, but the diabetic subjects had a raised G50 value, compatible with glucoreceptor dysfunction. Infusions of aminophyllin enhanced insulin responses (Imax) to glucose injection in normal subjects and to a lesser degree in pancreatitic subjects, but decreased sensitivity to glucose (increase in G50) in both groups. Although the Imax value in pancreatitic subjects was significantly lower than in the control subjects during the glucose plus aminophyllin infusion, the blood glucose concentration in the pancreatitic subjects was nonetheless decreased. This suggests that pancreatitic subjects have increased endogenous insulin sensitivity. Aminophyllin had no effect in diabetic subjects. Crude cholecystokinin‐pancreozymin changed the shape of the glucose/insulin dose response curve in normal, pancreatitic and diabetic subjects. These findings further suggest that the defect in insulin secretion in pancreatitic subjects is partly situated at the cyclic adenosine monophosphate stage of insulin release. Crude cholecystokin‐pan‐creozymin seems to affect insulin release at a point beyond the cyclic adenosine monophosphate stage.
Effect of Lead on Hepatic δ‐Aminolaevulinic Acid Synthetase Activity in the Rat: A Model for Drug Sensitivity in Intermittent Acute Porphyria*
Authors: Maxwell J. D. , Meyer U. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe hereditary hepatic porphyrias are disorders of porphyrin and haem synthesis characterized by a marked idiosyncrasy towards a variety of lipid soluble drugs. Most of these agents are inducers of the haemoprotein cytochrome P 450, the terminal oxidase in drug metabolism.The primary genetic defect in intermittent acute porphyria is a partial deficiency of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase, which may result in a secondary derepression of 6‐aminoaevulinic acid synthetase, the rate‐limiting enzyme in the haem pathway. Analogous defects at more distant sites may explain the other hereditary hepatic porphyrias.As drug sensitivity may be related to the defect in haem synthesis, we investigated the effects of experimental partial blocks in haem synthesis produced by lead in rats. Drug effects on δ‐aminolaevulinic acid synthetase, cytochrome P 450, and drug metabolism were studied. Our findings indicate: a) While partial impairment of haem biosynthesis has only minor effects on 6‐aminolaevulinic acid synthetase activity, it greatly enhances the sensitivity of 6‐aminolaevulinic acid synthetase to induction by drugs and steroids, which when given alone, have little or no inducing effect on the enzyme. b) The experimental partial block in haem synthesis delays and impairs drug‐mediated induction cytochrome P450 and drug metabolism in vitro.The findings may explain why a large number of structurally unrelated compounds with little effect on normal liver can precipitate “acute porphyria”.
Plasma Renin Activity in Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Campbell I. W. , Ewing D. J. , Anderton J. L. , Thompson J. H. , Horn D. B. , Clarke B. F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPostural changes in plasma renin activity were studied in three groups of age and duration‐matched male diabetics (potent, impotent and with postural hypotension) and in non‐diabetic control subjects. Those diabetic subjects with postural hypotension due to automatic neuropathy had no increase in plasma renin activity to the erect posture whereas both the potent and impotent groups had similar plasma renin activity responses to the control subjects. There was a significant inverse correlation between the rise in plasma renin activity on standing and the postural drop in blood pressure (r = 0. 476, P < 0.01) but no correlation with other tests of autonomic reflex function such as the Valsalva manoeuvre and blood pressure response to sustained handgrip. The results suggested that the lesion responsible for the postural hypotension is in the efferent sympathetic pathway. However, neuropathy per se did not wholly explain the decreased postural plasma renin activity response. Diabetic nephropathy, with involvement of cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus, may also be implicated.
Plasma and Brain Amino Acids in Fulminant Hepatic Failure and their Relationship to Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Record C. O. , Buxton B. , Chase R. A. , Curzon G. , Murray‐Lyon I. M. , Williams R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAmino acid concentrations were determined in plasma, whole blood, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue of 45 patients with grade 3 or 4 coma due to fulminant hepatic failure. The concentration of 15 of the 19 amino acids determined were significantly increased in blood and the, increases were greatest for the amino acids concerned with neurotransmitter metabolism. There was no correlation, however, between the plasma concentration of these amino acids and changes in the grade of hepatic coma. The plasma concentrations of the branched chain amino acids were normal except in those patients who subsequently recovered in whom levels were slightly decreased.Phenylalanine, tyrosine and methionine were among the 15 out of 18 amino acids which were significantly increased in cerebrospinal fluid and among the 15 out of 21 amino acids which were significantly increased in the brain. The increase in tryptophan was associated with a significant elevation in brain 5‐hyroxyindoleacetic acid concentration suggesting an increase in 5‐hydroxytryptamine turnover in hepatic coma.Brain to plasma ratios of most amino acids in hepatic coma patients were similar to control subjects suggesting that plasma concentration is the main factor controlling the cerebral concentration. However, for the branched chain amino acids, cerebrospinal fluid and brain concentrations were increased when plasma concentrations were normal suggesting an increase in brain uptake.
Plasma and Urinary Dopamine: Studies During Fasting and Exercise and in Tetraplegic Man
Authors: Christensen N. J. , Mathias C. J. , Frankel H. L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured in plasma and in urine, using double‐isotope derivative techniques, in 46 normal subjects and in 17 tetraplegic patients with physiologically complete cervical spinal cord transections above the sympathetic outflow.Dopamine was present in plasma in normal subjects in a concentration of 0.33 μg/1 ± 0.06 (SEM). Twenty‐four hour urinary excretion of dopamine averaged 248 yg ± 22. There was a significant correlation between the 24 h urinary excretion of dopamine and of noradrenaline.In the normal subjects plasma dopamine and the urinary excretion of dopamine did not change during three days of fasting while urinary excretion of adrenaline increased twofold.In the normal subjects exercise significantly increased plasma dopamine from 0.25 μg/1 to 0.43 μg/1, but significantly decreased the urinary excretion of dopamine. Exercise significantly increased the excretion of noradrenaline.In the tetraplegic patients the plasma dopamine concentration and the urinary excretion of dopamine were lower but not significantly different from the corresponding values in the normal subjects. Plasma noradrenaline and the urinary excretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline were significantly lower in the tetraplegic patients.It is concluded that dopamine is present in human plasma in concentrations similar to that of noradrenaline. Free dopamine in plasma and urine of normal subjects is not dependent on food intake. Urinary dopamine may be derived from circulating dopamine. Urinary dopamine does not necessarily appear to reflect changes in plasma dopamine. The relationship between plasma dopamine and changes in adrenergic nervous activity deserves further investigation.
Effect of the Female Sexual Cycle on the Activity of δ‐Aminolaevulinate Synthase in Rat Liver
Authors: Held H. , Przerwa M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe activity of 6‐aminolaevulinate synthase was determined in the livers of fed female rats and was found to vary with the phase of their sexual cycle. The highest enzymic activity was obtained during preoestrus (38.0 ± 3.2 nmol δ‐aminolaevulinate.g liver.‐1 hour‐1), the lowest during dioestrus (17.4 ± 3.4 nmol δ‐aminolaevulinate.g liver.‐1 hour‐1). During oestrus and metoesturs the activity of the enzyme was intermediate. The oscillation of the enzymic activity might be significant in the occurence of the ovulocylic form of acute intermittent porphyria.
Kidney and Plasma Renin in Human Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Weber P. C. , Bauer J. , Uhlich E. , Held E. , Schildberg F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRenin activities were determined in plasma and in single, microdissected juxtaglomerular apparatus in 19 patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis. The mean juxtaglomerular apparatus renin concentration in the stenosed kidneys was 5.5 ± 1.2 (SEM) ug.1‐1. h‐1 which is about ten times that of the suppressed renin concentration in the contralateral kidneys (0.6 ± 0.05 μg.l‐1.h‐1). On the affected side a positive correlation was found between intrarenal and renal venous renin concentration (r = 0.93; p < 0.001). Both intrarenal and renal venous renin concentrations of the stenosed kidneys were positively correlated to renin secretion rates, as calculated from renin analysis in plasma from the vena cava and renal veins. No relationship could be demonstrated between intrarenal or renal venous renin concentration and the degree of blood pressure elevation or transstenotic pressure gradient. However, a positive correlation was evident between peripheral plasma renin activity and diastolic blood pre‐sure (r = 0.88; p < 0.001). Comparative enzyme kinetic analyses of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus and renal venous plasma were performed using sheep substrate. The lowest apparent Km‐values of renin were found in renal venous plasma from the stenosed kidneys (198 ± 13 μg/1) compared with the contralateral side (301 ± 20 μg/1; p < 0.001). Mean apparent Km‐values of juxtaglomerular apparatus renin in the stenosed (270 ± 36 μg/D and contralateral (292 ± 37 μg/D kidneys did not differ. No significant differences were found between mean apparent Km‐values for renin in peripheral plasma of renovascular hypertensive patients and control subjects using either homologous human or heterologous sheep renin substrate. The results suggest that, in addition to the renin concentration other factors are relevant to chronic high blood pressure in renovascular hypertension.
Enzyme Activities in Skeletal Muscles from Patients with Peripheral Arterial Insufficiency
Authors: Bylund A.‐C. , Hammarsten J. , Holm J. , Scherstén T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe enzyme pattern in gastrocnemius muscle tissue was studied in 3 9 patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency. Phosphofructokinase and glucose‐6‐phosphate‐dehydroge‐nase were significantly increased in the skeletal muscles from these patients. The most pronounced changes were found in 3‐OH‐acyl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and in cytochrome‐c‐oxidase. These enzyme activities were increased by 60, 40 and 25 per cent respectively.In patients with claudication as the only symptom, the metabolic capacity was generally increased in skeletal muscles affected by the low blood flow. With increasing severity of arterial insufficiency, all enzyme activities decreased and glycolytic enzymes were affected first. 3‐OH‐acyl‐CoA‐dehydrògenase, citrate synthase and cytochrome‐c‐oxidase activities were still comparatively high in patients with gangrenous foot ulcers, indicating some maintenance of the muscle viability even in situations with very low blood flow.
Defective Renal Handling of Water in the Rat with a Portacaval Shunt*
Authors: Lauterburg B. , Bircher J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMale rats with a portacaval anastomosis, placed in metabolic cages excreted twice as much urine as unoperated control rats. After subcutaneous injection of one unit of pitressin tannate in oil, the rats on average exhibited a 27% reduction in fluid intake and a 37% reduction in urine volume. Nevertheless the rats still excreted 60% more urine than control rats. Fluid restriction resulted in a reduction in urine volume and an increase in urine osmolality in both groups of rats. Shunted rats, however, continued to excrete 49 ml.kg.‐1 24h‐1., while drinking only 43 ml. kg.‐1 24h‐1. Owing to the negative water balance plasma osmolality rose by 22 mosm/kg H2O. Two weeks after portacaval anastomosis arterial prostaglandin‐E concentrations were 412 ng/1, compared to 158 ng/1 in control rats. The results are consistent with the idea, that the shunt induced diuresis may be due to the renal effects of prostaglandin‐E.
Natriuresis and Renin Release by the Denervated Dog Kidney During Furosemide Administration
Authors: Bencsáth P. , Szalay L. , Takács L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRenal excretion of sodium and water, renal venous plasma renin activity and renin secretion rate were measured during the administration of furosemide (5 mg/kg) to 10 anaesthetized dogs, previously subjected to unilateral splanchnicotomy (“renal denervation”). Denervation diuresis and natriuresis, observed during control periods, did not occur when the diuretic was given and there were no significant changes in glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow in either the intact or denervated kidneys. Despite the abolition of denervation natriuresis with furosemide, plasma renin activity and renin secretion rate were depressed by splanchnicotomy. Thus, changes in the sodium load to the macula densa do not seem to play a decisive role in decreasing renin release following renal denervation.