bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
At First Glance: Social Meanings of Dental Appearance
Authors: Eli Liana , Bar‐Tat Yoram , Kostovetzki Ina 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: An important factor in social interaction is physical appearance. Major elements in the evaluation of physical appearance are the mouth and teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tooth appearance on the development of a first impression of the other person, with regard to the sex of both the respondent and the target. Methods: Eight facial photographs of individuals with intact upper teeth were manipulated: one set was left untouched and the other was professionally altered so that the front anterior teeth appeared decayed. The photographs were randomly aligned in sets of eight, each set consisting of four individuals with an original, intact dentition and four other individuals with a “decayed” dentition. The sets of photographs were then presented to 115 respondents (65 males and 50 females). Evaluations were made according to three categories of traits—esthetic, social, and professional. Results: For all three evaluation categories, the difference in scores between decayed and intact dentition given to targets were significantly higher when participants of one sex evaluated targets of the opposite sex, as compared to evaluating targets of their own sex. Conclusions: The effect of tooth appearance on the physical attractiveness stereotype is more evident when males evaluate females and vice versa, rather than when evaluating their own sex.
Measuring Orthodontic Treatment Satisfaction: Questionnaire Development and Preliminary Validation
Authors: Bennett M. Elizabeth , Camilla Tulloch J. F. , Vlg Katherine W. L. , Phillips Ceib L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aims of this study were to develop a reliable self‐report measure of consumer satisfaction with orthodontic treatment, and to preliminarily assess its validity. Method: Transcripts of qualitative interviews with patients, their parents, and practicing orthodontists together with items from existing dental satisfaction questionnaires were used to develop a pool of 41 items assessing satisfaction with various aspects of orthodontic care. These items were paired with five‐point Likert scales (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree) and were administered to 299 parents of children who had completed orthodontic treatment at two university‐based clinics. Results: Factor analyses and reliability analyses identified three main subscales with high reliabilities: 13 items assessing satisfaction with treatment process (Cronbach's alpha=.92), seven items assessing satisfaction with psychosocial effects of treatment (Cronbach's alpha=.87), and five items assessing satisfaction with overall treatment outcome (Cronbach's alpha=.79). Relationships among these three subscales and pre‐ and posttreatment variables were examined in a subset of 86 parents/patients. Forward stepwise regression with backward overlook revealed no significant relationships between any satisfaction subscale and demographic variables. Posttreatment overjet was inversely related to parental satisfaction with orthodontic treatment process (R2=.13; P<.001), and parent satisfaction with treatment outcome (R2=.28; P<.0001). improvement in esthetics as measured by improvement in IOTN Aesthetic Component scores was positively related to satisfaction with psychosocial outcomes (R2=.28; P<.0001). Conclusions: The present instrument is reliable and can be used to assess three dimensions of parental satisfaction with their child's orthodontic treatment. Relationships between visible orthodontic outcome variables and parent satisfaction provide preliminary validity support for the instrument.
Mutans Streptococci Oral Colonization in 12‐30‐month‐old Brazilian Children over a One‐year Follow‐up Period
Authors: Mattos‐Graner Renata O. , Correa Maria Salete N. P. , Latorre Maria do Rosário de O. , Peres Regina C. R. , Mayer Marcia P. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: The infection levels of mutans streptococci were investigated during a one‐year follow‐up in children aged 12 to 30 months attending school nurseries where a sucrose‐rich diet was provided. Methods: Oral levels of mutans streptococci obtained from 101 children at baseline and aftera one‐year follow‐up were compared by age, number of teeth, feeding habits, and presence of visible plaque at baseline. Baseline predictors and changes in mutans streptococci levels during the study were compared to caries incidence after one year. Results: Fluctuations in mutans streptococci levels during the follow‐up period were not related to feeding habits or presence of visible plaque. Mutans streptococci levels increased after one year among children aged 12 to 24 months, while a significantly higher proportion of those aged 25–30 months showed a decrease in mutans streptococci levels during the study. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that high levels of mutans streptococci (≥100 cfu) at baseline were associated with a higher caries increment, while reduction in mutans streptococci was negatively associated with caries incidence. Conclusions: Our data suggest that despite early mutans streptococci infection and high exposure to sucrose, mutans streptococci may achieve relatively stable levels after 2 years of age. Heavy colonization by mutans streptococci in an early age was related to an extremely high caries incidence during childhood, while decreasing levels of mutans streptococci can be associated to the decrease in caries activity.
Toothbrushing Competency Among High‐risk Grade One Students: an Evaluation of Two Methods of Dental Health Education
Authors: Hawkins Robert J. , Zanetti Debra L. , Main Patricia A. , Otchere Daniel F. , Dwyer John J. M. , Jokovic Aleksandra , Locker David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of two methods of dental health education (DHE) for improving toothbrushing competency among grade one students at high risk for dental diseases. Methods: Fifty elementary schools in the former city of North York, Ontario, Canada, were assigned to one of two groups. In one group, students received a classroom‐based DHE lesson that was reinforced by two small group sessions (n=243). In the other group, students received only a single classroom‐based DHE lesson (n=206). Trained examiners assessed 11 toothbrushing skills at pre‐ and postintervention. Results: At the preintervention test, few significant differences were found between the groups and many students did not display competency in fundamental oral health skills, such as placing a toothbrush at the gum line. Following DHE interventions, students in both groups demonstrated improvements in most skills. A significantly higher proportion of students who received both classroom and small group sessions displayed gains in competency in three skills, compared to students receiving only a classroom lesson. These skills were brushing anterior lingual surfaces, brushing posterior lingual surfaces, and brushing all areas in a routine fashion. Students receiving only a classroom session did not display greater improvements in any skill areas compared to “classroom plus small group” students. Some students in both groups still lacked fundamental skills at the end of the DHE program. Conclusions: While one must exercise caution in interpreting the results due to several methodologic limitations, findings suggest that for high‐risk grade one students, a classroom‐based lesson combined with small group sessions is a more effective method of improving toothbrushing skills compared to a single classroom‐based lesson.
A Scoring System for the Early Detection of Oral Submucous Fibrosis Based on a Self‐administered Questionnaire
Authors: Chiu Chung‐Jung , Lee Wen‐Chung , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Hahn Liang‐Jiunn , Kuo Ying‐Shiung , Chen Chien‐Jen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the frequent clinical complaints of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and to develop a scoring system for early detection of the disease by a self‐administered questionnaire. Methods: A total of 296 subjects were recruited, including 123 OSF patients without oral cancer and 173 betel quid chewers without OSF or oral cancer. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect the symptom profile from study subjects. Their maximal mouth opening (MMO) between upper and lower incisor edges was measured and recorded by well‐trained nurses. A binary logistic regression model examining the likelihood of OSF based on the eight symptoms of interest was used to develop the scoring system. Results: Among 79 OSF subjects with an MMO c35 mm, the most frequent complaint was trismus (87.3%), followed by burning sensation (76.0%) and xerostomia (72.2%). Among 44 OSF subjects with an MMO 235 mm, burning sensation (68.2%) was the most frequent complaint, followed by trismus (54.5%) and xerostomia (54.5%). Six frequent complaints including trismus, burning sensation, xerostomia, sore throat, numbness, and oral ulceration were utilized to develop a scoring system for the early detection of OSF. The scoring system had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Conclusion: This study suggests a screening questionnaire of frequent complaints for the early detection of OSF.
Comparison of Children's Medical and Dental Insurance Coverage by Socio demographic Characteristics, United States, 1995
Authors: Vargas Clemencia M. , Isman Robert E. , Crall James J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: Insurance coverage can reduce financial barriers that constitute a significant deterrent to obtaining medical and dental care, especially for children who reside in low‐income households. We present baseline information on the codistribution of medical and dental coverage among US children according to socio demographic characteristics before the enactment of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). Methods: Data for 27,059 children 0–17 years old from the 1995 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to examine the distribution of medical and dental insurance coverage by socio demographic characteristics. Prevalence estimates and adjusted odds ratios with 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated using SUDAAN. Results: Overall, 14.1 percent children were uninsured for medical care and 36.4 were uninsured for dental care; thus, there were 2.6 times as many children uninsured for dental than for medical care. Near‐poor and Hispanic children were most likely to be without medical or dental coverage. Near‐poor children were more likely to be uninsured for dental care than for medical care (43.8% vs 22.5%). Conclusion: Our findings, coupled with previous reports, suggest that the most serious problem concerning lack of dental insurance is among near‐poor children. SCHIP has the potential to address dental coverage among near‐poor children.
An ABCD Program to Increase Access to Dental Care for Children Enrolled in Medicaid in a Rural County
Authors: Kaakko Tarja , Skaret Erik , Getz Tracy , Hujoel Philippe , Grembowski David , Moore Carree S. , Mllgrom Peter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: The Access to Baby and Child Dentistry (ABCD) Program addresses the needs of families in obtaining dental care. In this study, the program was evaluated in rural Stevens County, Washington. Aims were to assess utilization of dental services, average dental expenditures per child, and oral health status. Methods: Medicaid‐enrolled children aged 1–4 years were randomly assigned to the ABCD program (n=216) or to regular benefits (n=221). An outreach worker contacted each ABCD family and provided an orientation. Dental care utilization and expenditures were calculated from claims. A posttest‐only design was used to evaluate oral health status. Results: An enrollment effect was seen in ABCD, but the difference between groups was not sustained. There was a doubling of utilization between groups for the youngest cohort, while the others showed no differences. In the first year the rate was higher for the entire ABCD group than for the children not in ABCD (34.0% vs 24.7%). Thirty‐three percent of ABCD children (70/212) who had visited the dentist had >1 appointment compared to 21.5 percent (47/219) for the children not in ABCD who had visited the dentist. There was no overall difference in expenditures, while expenditures for preventive services were greater for ABCD. ABCD children had fewer teeth with initial caries. The average incremental cost per child per initial lesion prevented was $31.44. Conclusion: ABCD most benefited the youngest cohort of children and improved health.
Dental Caries Experience of Female Inmates
Authors: Heng Christine K. , Morse Douglas E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of dental caries and level of unmet dental need among female offenders in a federal prison in Connecticut. Methods: All inmates admitted into the Federal Correctional Institution at Danbury, Connecticut, from May 31, 1997, to May 21, 1998, were given oral screening examinations (n=500; age range=20–65 years). The data were analyzed in terms of race/ethnicity and age groupings. DMF and D/DF scores were determined. Results: The mean DMFT and DMFS scores were 16.8 and 57.0, respectively; the scores were higher for non‐Hispanic whites and Hispanics than non‐Hispanic blacks, and increased with age. The mean DT/DFT and DS/DFS scores were 36.8 percent and 36.0 percent, respectively. These scores were higher for non‐Hispanic blacks than non‐Hispanic whites and Hispanics, and decreased with age. Conclusions: Female prisoners had high levels of dental caries and racial disparities persisted in the prison.
Provision of Care to the Underserved Populations by National Health Service Corps Alumni Dentists
Authors: Mofidi Mahyar , Konrad Thomas R. , Porterfield Deborah S. , Niska Richard , Wells Barbara 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: This study examined factors associated with dentists continuing to provide care to the underserved populations beyond their National Health Service Corps (NHSC) obligation period. Methods: Self‐administered questionnaires were mailed in 1998 to 404 dentists who had completed their service obligation between 1980 and 1997. The outcome variable was dentist self‐report of continuing to work with the underserved population past NHSC obligation. Results: Among 249 respondents (62% response rate), 46 percent of alumni dentists continued to work with an underserved population. Multivariate analyses found that being an African American (odds ratio [OR]=3.2), higher final salary during the NHSC assignment (OR=1.2), and higher altruistic motivation to work with the underserved populations prior to entering NHSC (OR=I.1) were significantly associated with continued service to the underserved populations. Conclusions: A small number of factors were associated with alumni NHSC dentists' decisions to continue to provide care for the underserved populations. Targeting African‐American students and students interested in caring for the underserved may improve the long‐term commitment of dentists toprovide care forthe underserved populations. Attention will also need to be given to increased salary as a potenfial to to increase the numbers of dentists who continue to serve the underserved populations.
Orofacial Pain: Racial and Sex Differences Among Older Adults
Authors: Riley Joseph L. , Gilbert Gregg H. , Heft Marc W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: This study investigated racial differences in orofacial pain symptoms in a sample of older adults. Orofacial pain prevalence, persistence, severity, and behavioral impact were assessed. We also tested whether sex and race interact, such that racial differences are only observed for a single sex, or whether sex differences only occur within a single racial group. Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with a stratified random sample of 1,636 community‐dwelling older (age 65+ years) north Floridians. Results: Racial differences were not found for 12‐month prevalence or pain ratings for any painful oral symptom, or in the total number of symptoms. The most consistent racial differences were in behavioral impact associated with pain. Blacks reported greater behavioral impact as defined by pain having reduced their daily activities or motivating them to take some action in response to pain. For toothache pain, that action was more likely to have been some form of self‐medication. These relationships persisted after controlling for socioeconomic status, approach to health care, and pain intensity in multivariable models. Conclusion: Although pain prevalence is an important public health variable, this study suggests that other pain‐related variables, such as behavioral impacts, are useful when describing disparities associated with orofacial pain.
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Oral Disadvantage, a Measure of Oral Health‐related Quality of Life: 24‐month Incidence
Authors: Chavers L. Scott , Gilbert Gregg H. , Shelton Brent J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: This paper estimates the incidence of oral disadvantage based on the subject's approach to dental care, sex, race, and financial status; identifies demographic and socioeconomic characteristics that were associated with oral disadvantage; and determines if these characteristics were differentially associated with the three domains of oral disadvantage. Methods: The Florida Dental Care Study was a longitudinal study of oral health in diverse groups of persons who at baseline had at least one tooth, were 45 years or older, and were either African American or non‐Hispanic white. Incidence rates, odds ratios, and 95 percent confidence intervals were used to describe oral disadvantage and its relation to race, income, and other key sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The strongest independent predictors of oral disadvantage were approach to dental care (problem‐oriented attenders or regular), and situation if faced with an unexpected $500 dental bill. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were differentially associated with each disadvantage domain. Conclusions: African Americans, females, rural residents, individuals who did not graduate from high school, individuals with limited financial resources, and problem‐oriented dental attenders had significantly higher occurrences of oral disadvantage. Racial and sex disparities in oral disadvantage were largely explained by differences in approach to dental care and financial resources between these groups.
Influence of Patient, Visit, and Oral Health Factors on Dental Service Provision
Authors: Brennan David S. , Spencer A. John 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: Service provision should reflect the oral health of the patient. However, patient and visit factors may influence service patterns and the appropriateness of care delivered. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with variation in dental services and to assess whether variation by patient and visit characteristics persisted after controlling for oral health status. Methods: A random sample of Australian dentists was surveyed during 1997–98 (response rate=60.3%). Private general practitioners (n=345) provided data on service provision, as well as patient, visit and oral health variables from a log of a typical clinical day (n=4,115 patients). Multivariate Poisson regression models were run for eight service areas (e.g., diagnostic, preventive, and restorative). Results: Significant effects (P<.05) were observed for oral health factors in all eight models, visit factors in all eight models, patient demographics in four models, dental knowledge/behavior in one model, and area‐based socioeconomic status in one model. Conclusions: After controlling for oral health, visit characteristics persisted as significant predictors of services, with nonemergency visits, insurance, and capital city location associated with more favorable service mix patterns. Higher socioeconomic status areas and payment scale ratings also were associated with a better service pattern in particular service areas. These findings show that a wide range of factors, in addition to oral health, contribute to variation in service provision.
The Epidemiology of Self‐reported TMJ Sounds and Pain in Young Adults in Israel
Authors: Katz Joseph 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: We investigated the prevalence of self‐reported temporomandibular joint sounds (TMJS), masticatory muscle pain (MMP), and their interrelation in a young adult population. Methods: A large sample (n=20,869) of young soldiers aged 18–21 years who attended dental clinics were asked about their experience of TMJ sounds and pain. Results: The overall prevalence of TMJS was 8.4 percent (8.9% in females and 8.2% in males) and for masticatory pain was 4.0 percent for both males and females (P<.001 under chi‐square test). Twenty‐five percent of patients reporting positive TMJS also reported positive MMP compared to 2 percent in the negative TMJS group (P<.001). Fifty‐three percent of patients reporting positive MMP also reported positive TMJS, compared to 6.5 percent in the negative MMP group (P<.001). Conclusions: The low prevalence of TMJ sounds and pain found in these study might be attributed to the different cultural and social environment, as well as to the uniformity in age of the study group.
Fluoridation and Social Equity
Authors: Burt Brian A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe overall reduction in caries prevalence and severity in the United States over recent decades is largely due to widespread exposure to fluoride, most notably from the fluoridation of drinking waters. Despite this overall reduction, however, caries distribution today remains skewed, with the poor and deprived carrying a disproportionate share of the disease burden. Dental caries, like many other diseases, is directly related to low socioeconomic status (SES). In some communities, however, caries experience has now diminished to the point where the need for continuing water fluoridation is being questioned. This paper argues that water fluoridation is still needed because it is the most effective and practical method of reducing the SES‐based disparities in the burden of dental caries. There is no practical alternative to water fluoridation for reducing these disparities in the United States. For example, a school dental service, like those in many other high‐income countries, would require the allocation of substantial public resources, and as such is not likely to occur soon. But studies in the United States, Britain, Australia, and New Zealand have demonstrated that fluoridation not only reduces the overall prevalence and severity of caries, but also reduces the disparities between SES groups. Water fluoridation has been named as one of the 10 major public health achievements of the 20th century by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and promoting it is a Healthy People objective for the year 2010. Within the social context of the United States, water fluoridation is probably the most significant step we can take toward reducing the disparities in dental caries. It therefore should remain as a public health priority.