bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Evaluation of Automated Nucleated Red Blood Cell Enumeration by Sysmex XN 1000 in Comparison With Microscopic Reference in Children Under 1 Year
Authors: Brunner‐Ziegler Sophie , Jilma Bernd , Grimm Gabriele , Jilma‐Stohlawetz Petra 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn newborns, elevated nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) levels can be associated with enhanced erythropoietic stress and might be predictive for adverse outcome. Also, the presence of NRBC in peripheral blood might lead to erroneous enumeration results of white blood cells in automated hematology analyzers. We aimed to assess the comparability of the Sysmex XN 1000 to manual slide reviews and correlation of NRBC with inflammation markers.MethodsSpecimens of 3397 children under 1 year were compared by automated and microscopic NRBC enumeration. Additionally, potential correlations between NRBC and age and inflammation markers were examined.ResultsOverall, there was good correlation (r = 0.97) between automated (range: 0%–3883%) and microscopic enumeration (range: 0%–3694%) of NRBC with high comparability up to a NRBC value of 200% and an increase in the variation between the two methods with increasing NRBC numbers. When 94 samples with ≤ 200% NRBC and ≥ 30% divergence between methods were separately reanalyzed with respect to overlapping cell populations in their scattergrams, Sysmex would have generated unrecognized incorrect automated results in 47 samples, corresponding to 1.4% of total study samples. NRBC counts were negatively correlated to age, but not to inflammation markers.ConclusionSysmex XN 1000 is highly precise in the enumeration of NRBC in children under 1 year up to counts of 200% and might replace time‐intense manual counting in routine diagnostics. In the setting of neonatal and intensive care diagnostics, microscopic control and supervision of scattergrams are highly recommended for any automated NRBC enumeration processes.
Aromatic‐rich oil production from catalytic co‐pyrolysis of pine sawdust and LDPE with bifunctional biochar by different preparation methods
Authors: Qiao Haonnan , Feng Yaqi , Zhang Changsen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCatalytic co‐pyrolysis of biomass with waste plastics can produce high‐quality chemicals, making it a potential alternative to fossil fuels. The production of aromatic‐rich oil was achieved in this work by the catalytic co‐pyrolysis of pine sawdust and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) using a series of biochar (BC) made using different preparation methods. Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was employed to activate the BC during the preparation process, owing to its optimal activity for the co‐pyrolysis intermediates. The study compared the effects of BCs activated using different treatment methods on the yield and fractions of pine sawdust and LDPE co‐pyrolysis in a fast pyrolysis tube furnace at 650 °C.ResultsThe study indicates that the ZnCl2 BC, prepared from pine sawdust by fast pyrolysis (F‐AC), exhibited the best aromatic catalytic activity. The selectivity to aromatic hydrocarbons was 72.53%, and the content of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) was 32.17%.ConclusionThe Diels–Alder reaction and aromatization were made more effective due to the Zn sites and large pore structure in F‐AC. Using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, it was found that F‐AC contained more oxygen (O)‐containing groups in abundance, which improved its adsorption capacity for reaction intermediates. At the same time, the porous structure and high SSA of BC provided a region for the reaction intermediate to interact with the active center containing O‐containing groups. This enhanced the synergy between biomass and plastics and raised the selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons. It provides a reference for the application of carbon‐based materials in the co‐pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
“I know what I need to learn”: The intersection of aspirational and navigational capitals for marginalized‐identity STEM students
Authors: Sausner Erica B. , Wentzel Cassandra , Pitarresi James 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe community cultural wealth (CCW) theoretical framework recognizes the assets of oppressed communities. Within the framework, aspirational capital refers to the hope to achieve in the face of systemic barriers, while navigational capital includes tactics engaged to progress within institutions that were not designed for equitable achievement. This study explores where aspirational capital and navigational capital overlap (a frequent and theoretically relevant occurrence) for marginalized‐identity (MI) STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) students.PurposeThis study provides insight into the experiences of higher education for MI students. Understanding students' deployment of navigational and aspirational capitals can direct change within institutions.Design/MethodThis analysis draws on 51 semi‐structured interviews with 26 participants. Multiple rounds of qualitative coding and shared meaning‐making among authors support the present findings.ResultsWhen aspirational capital and navigational capital overlap in student experience, three themes emerge. First, MI students use individualized actions to meet their goals; their extreme self‐reliance and engagement of priorities and milestones are key. Second, intrinsic motivators echoing meritocratic narratives encourage students. These narratives emphasize the value of hard work and taking advantage of opportunities. Finally, external forces, including institutionally based experts and culture, reflect aspirational and navigational capital engagement that support the individual's approaches and mindsets. Each finding includes nuance based on demographic categories.ConclusionsMI students draw on aspirational and navigational capital for support in postsecondary education. Recognition of CCW components and strategies shifts the responsibility of equitable student experiences and academic success to institutions and stakeholders in STEM higher education.
Trends in mortality from gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pancreatic cancers in the United States: A comprehensive analysis (1999–2020)
Authors: Ali Hassam , Ishtiaq Rizwan , Tedder Brandon , Zweigle Joshua , Nomigolzar Romina , Dahiya Dushyant S , Moond Vishali , Humza Sohail Amir , Patel Pratik , Basuli Debargha , Tillmann Hans L 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThis study investigates temporal trends in gastrointestinal cancer‐related mortality in the United States between 1999 and 2020, focusing on differences by sex, age, and race.MethodsWe investigated the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research multiple causes of death database (Years 1999–2020) for gastrointestinal cancer‐related mortality with a focus on the underlying cause of death.ResultsA total of 3 115 243 gastrointestinal cancer‐related deaths occurred from 1999 to 2020. The overall age‐adjusted mortality rate decreased from 46.7 per 100 000 in 1999 to 38.4 per 100 000 in 2020. The average annual percent change (AAPC) for the study period was −0.9% (95% CI: −1.0%, −0.9%, P < 0.001), with no significant difference in AAPC between the sexes but some difference between races and related to individual cancers. African Americans and Asian Americans, and Pacific Islanders experienced a greater decrease in mortality compared with Whites. Mortality rates for American Indian and Alaskan Native populations also decreased significantly from 1999 to 2020 (P < 0.001). There were significant declines in esophageal, stomach, colon, rectal, and gallbladder cancer‐related mortality but increases in the small bowel, anal, pancreatic, and hepatic cancer‐related mortality (P < 0.001), with variation across different sexes and racial groups.ConclusionWhile overall gastrointestinal cancer‐related mortality declined significantly in the United States from 1999 to 2020, mortality from some cancers increased. Furthermore, differences between sexes and racial groups underscore crucial differences in gastrointestinal cancer mortality, highlighting areas for future research.
The male reproductive cycle of the brown basilisk Basiliscus vittatus (Squamata: Corytophanidae) from Tabasco, Southern Mexico
Authors: Rivera‐López José Rodrigo , Torres‐Martínez Aarón , Hernández‐Franyutti Arlette Amalia , Uribe Mari Carmen , Gribbins Kevin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe used histological and morphometric methods to study the testis and associated glands, including the epididymis, ductus deferens, and renal sexual segment (RSS), of specimens of Basiliscus vittatus sampled from Tabasco, Mexico (17.5926° N, 92.5816° W). Samples were collected throughout 1 year, which included the dry (February to May) and rainy (June to January) seasons. Spermatogenesis in B. vittatus is active throughout the year, but a significant increase in the testicular volume, diameters of seminiferous tubules, height of the germinal epithelium, spermiogenesis, and released spermatozoa occur in the dry season. During the rainy season, all aforementioned parameters decreased except the secretory activity of the epididymis and the RSS, which increased concomitant with an increase of the spermatozoa population within the ductus deferens. These data strongly suggest that B. vittatus reproduce year‐round, but males exhibit a peak in spermatogenic activity during the dry season and a peak in insemination and/or copulation at the beginning of the rainy season. We highlight the importance of analyzing not only the testis but also accessory ducts and glands when determining the reproductive cycles of reptiles. The reproductive cycle of B. vittatus is discussed in relation to the environmental conditions of Southern Mexico and is compared to that of other squamates.
Probing molecular pathways: Illuminating the connection between COVID‐19 and Alzheimer's disease through the endocannabinoid system dynamics
Authors: Sun Qingyuan , Gao Jinyang , An Ran , Wang Menggeer , Wang Yanqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOur study investigates the molecular link between COVID‐19 and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which COVID‐19 may influence the onset or progression of AD. Using bioinformatic tools, we analyzed gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including GSE147507, GSE12685, and GSE26927. Intersection analysis was utilized to identify common differentially expressed genes (CDEGs) and their shared biological pathways. Consensus clustering was conducted to group AD patients based on gene expression, followed by an analysis of the immune microenvironment and variations in shared pathway activities between clusters. Additionally, we identified transcription factor‐binding sites shared by CDEGs and genes in the common pathway. The activity of the pathway and the expression levels of the CDEGs were validated using GSE164805 and GSE48350 datasets. Six CDEGs (MAL2, NECAB1, SH3GL2, EPB41L3, MEF2C, and NRGN) were identified, along with a downregulated pathway, the endocannabinoid (ECS) signaling pathway, common to both AD and COVID‐19. These CDEGs showed a significant correlation with ECS activity (p < 0.05) and immune functions. The ECS pathway was enriched in healthy individuals' brains and downregulated in AD patients. Validation using GSE164805 and GSE48350 datasets confirmed the differential expression of these genes in COVID‐19 and AD tissues. Our findings reveal a potential pathogenetic link between COVID‐19 and AD, mediated by CDEGs and the ECS pathway. However, further research and multicenter evidence are needed to translate these findings into clinical applications.
Convalescent plasma transfusion for immunocompromised viremic patients with COVID‐19: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Destremau Marjolaine , Chaussade Hélène , Hemar Victor , Beguet Mathilde , Bellecave Pantxika , Blanchard Elodie , Barret Amaury , Laboure Gaelle , Vasco‐Moynet Claire , Lacassin Flore , Morisse Eloïse , Aguilar Claire , Lafarge Xavier , Lafon Marie‐Edith , Bonnet Fabrice , Issa Nahéma , Camou Fabrice 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aims to assess the safety, virological, and clinical outcomes of convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT) in immunocompromised patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study that included all immunosuppressed patients with COVID‐19 and RNAemia from May 2020 to March 2023 treated with CPT. We included 81 patients with hematological malignancies (HM), transplants, or autoimmune diseases (69% treated with anti‐CD20). Sixty patients (74%) were vaccinated, and 14 had pre‐CPT serology >264 BAU/mL. The median delay between symptom onset and CPT was 23 days [13−31]. At D7 post‐CPT, plasma PCR was negative in 43/64 patients (67.2%), and serology became positive in 25/30 patients (82%). Post‐CPT positive serology was associated with RNAemia negativity (p < 0.001). The overall mortality rate at D28 was 26%, being higher in patients with non‐B‐cell HM (62%) than with B‐cell HM (25%) or with no HM (11%) (p = 0.02). Patients receiving anti‐CD20 without chemotherapy had the lowest mortality rate (8%). Positive RNAemia at D7 was associated with mortality at D28 in univariate analysis (HR: 3.05 [1.14−8.19]). Eight patients had adverse events, two of which were severe but transient. Our findings suggest that CPT can abolish RNAemia and ameliorate the clinical course in immunocompromised patients with COVID‐19.
Orographic effects on droughts in a monsoon climate with the world's highest rainfall
Authors: Prokop Paweł , Walanus Adam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrought, a recurring natural phenomenon in South Asia's monsoon climate, presents challenges in delineating its spatiotemporal patterns within complex topographies. This study investigated the impact of the orographic barrier in the rice‐dominated agricultural region of northeastern India and Bangladesh on drought characteristics during 1951–2020, employing the relative Standardized Precipitation Index (rSPI) and relative Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (rSPEI) across 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month scales. The results indicate that even in the rainiest region of the world, droughts extend beyond the limits of the dry season inherent in the monsoon regime. These mostly regional droughts exhibit weak correlations with the core of the Indian subcontinent and other parts of Bangladesh. The region's orographic barrier has a greater influence on drought intensity than on frequency. The rSPI index, which depends solely on rainfall, may overestimate drought intensity and frequency in regions with high seasonal/annual rainfall and substantial intermonthly variability. In contrast, the rSPEI index, which depends on both rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET), better reflects the spatial variation of drought in complex terrain, identifying the leeward hinterland of the orographic barrier as the most drought‐prone area. The two indices give similar results for drought characteristics away from the barrier. Furthermore, the orographic barrier exerts a negligible influence on the trends in rSPI and rSPEI. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlights the influences of the rainfall coefficient of variation and elevation on rSPI, while the PET coefficient of variation strongly influences rSPEI. Strategies to minimize the adverse effects of drought in complex topography and year‐round cropping should be local and season‐specific. These include using shorter‐growing, drought‐resistant rice varieties and adjusting planting schedules in rain shadow areas during the summer monsoon. These efforts should be complemented by integrating indigenous irrigation methods with modern practices such as roof water harvesting and tube wells in winter.
Edible‐algae base composite film containing gelatin for food packaging from macroalgae, Gracilaroid (Gracilaria fisheri)
Authors: Boonprab Kangsadan , Chirapart Anong , Effendy Waode Nilda Arifiana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDConventional petroleum‐based packaging films cause severe environmental problems. In the present study, bio‐edible film was introduced as being safe to replace petroleum‐based polymers. A food application for edible sachets and a composite edible film (EF) from marine algae, Gracilaria fisheri (GF) extract, were proposed.RESULTSCarbohydrates were the most prevalent component in fresh GF fronds. Under neutral conditions comprising 90 °C for 40 min, the structure of the extract was determined by Fourier transform infrared to be a carrageenan‐like polysaccharide. Glycerol was the best plasticizer for EF formation because it had the highest tensile strength (TS). The integration of gelatin into the algal composite film with gelatin (CFG) was validated to be significant. The best casting temperatures for 2 h were 70 and 100 °C among the four tested temperatures (25, 60, 70 and 100 °C). Temperatures did not result in any significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in any character (color values, TS, water vapor permeability, oxygen transmission, thickness and water activity), except elongation at break. Visually, the CFG had a slightly yellow appearance. The best‐to‐worst order of film stability in the three tested solvents was oil, distilled water (DW) and ethanol. Its stability in ethanol (0–100%), temperature of DW (30–100 °C) and pH (3–7 in DW) demonstrated inverse relationships with the concentration or different conditions, except for pH 8–10 in DW. All treatments were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different.CONCLUSIONThe novel material made from polysaccharides from algae, G. fisheri, was used to improve EF. The edible sachet application is plausible from the EF. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Relationship between sensory attributes and instrumental texture properties in meat analog patty system substituted with sweet potato stem
Authors: Lee You Young , Lee Suyoon , Ham Seung Hwan , Lee Min Gyu , Hahn Jungwoo , Kim Yang , Choi Young Jin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the relationship between perceived sensory attributes and measurable instrumental properties is crucial for replicating the distinct textures of meat in plant‐based meat analogs. In this study, plant‐based patties composed of textured vegetable protein (TVP) and 10%, 20% and 30% TVPs were substituted with fibers from sweet potato stem (SPS), and their instrumental texture and sensory properties were evaluated.RESULTSSamples with 20% SPS showed hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness, which are the mechanical indicators most similar to those of meat. A descriptive sensory analysis by ten trained participants indicated that the SPS‐supplemented meat analog patties exhibited characteristics similar to pork patties in terms of firmness, toughness, cohesiveness and smoothness compared to the TVP‐only sample. A strong positive correlation between instrumental hardness and sensory firmness was observed (P < 0.01); however, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness did not show any correlation between instrumental and sensory analyses. Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values showed positive correlations with sensory cohesiveness, chewiness, toughness, fibrousness, moistness, firmness and springiness (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated the feasibility of physically treated fibers from SPS as a partial substitute for TVP in developing meat analogs. Additionally, this study suggested that instrumental hardness and WBSF measurements can be sound parameters for representing sensory texture characteristics while further developing plant‐based meat analogs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Abscisic acid reduced methoxypyrazines concentration and its derived unpleasant odors in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines
Authors: Cheng Xianghan , Liu Feifei , Liu Xiaolei , Yang Xuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe influences of abscisic acid (ABA) applications on precursors and gene expression in 3‐alkyl‐2‐methoxypyrazines (MPs) biosynthetic pathway, MPs concentration and sensory evaluation of its derived peculiar odors in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines were investigated. At the vineyard, ABA solution with 25, 100 and 400 mg L−1 (AT1, AT2 and AT3, respectively) and an aqueous solution (control) were sprayed three times from veraison to pre‐harvest.RESULTSHigher concentration ABA applications (AT2 and AT3) in grapes could significantly reduce MPs concentration and its derived peculiar odors in grapes and wines compared to a lower concentration ABA application (AT1) and control, with AT2 application having the strongest effect. The changes in MPs were mainly a result of the downregulated expression of VvOMTs genes at higher concentration ABA applications, independent of the levels of their potential precursors.CONCLUSIONThe present study reveals that ABA application had the potential to decrease production of MPs in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines, and this result provides reference values for the removal of unpleasant vegetable odors from Cabernet Sauvignon wines in production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Entangled Photon‐Magnon Bundle Emission
Authors: Bin Qian , Qiu Qing‐Yang , Wu Ying , Lü Xin‐You 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultiquanta correlation between quanta of a completely different nature is an important resource for hybrid quantum information processing since it allows quantum states of matters to be manipulated by other degrees of freedom. Here, a method is proposed to realize the hybrid bundle emission of strongly correlated single photons and magnons. The optically driven multiquanta resonance leads to the super‐Rabi oscillation between the vacuum state and photon‐magnon state, which, combined with system dissipations, generates photon‐magnon bundle emission. Interestingly, accompanied by this bundle emission, the photon‐magnon entanglement and fully inseparable photon‐magnon‐qubit tripartite entanglement are achieved. This allows the proposed hybrid system to serve as a quantum emitter of entangled photon‐magnon bundle, which is useful for building hybrid quantum network and the engineering of new types of quantum devices.
Optoelectronic Material Characterization Platform using RF Topological Edge States
Authors: Dev Sukrith , Anthony Nathan , Trendafilov Simeon , Allen Monica , Allen Jeffery 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEfficient characterization of optoelectronic material properties represents a crucial step in the development of next‐generation infrared (IR) materials and devices. For the first time, a sensitive, contact‐free optoelectronic material characterization platform is demonstrated that exploits the unique properties of radio frequency (RF) topological edge states implemented in a topological microstrip waveguide. The topological device is compatible with standard printed circuit board (PCB) processes with no additional materials, stubs, or resonators. The waveguide and topological properties computationally are designed and then experimentally the results are validated with S‐parameter and near‐field measurements. Finally, as a proof of principle, the room temperature spectral response of a micron‐scale thick mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) mercury cadmium telluride (Hg0.70Cd0.30Te) is measured using the topological microstrip and a five‐fold and 20‐fold increase is demonstrated in response when compared to a plain microstrip and trivial bandgap device, respectively. These results open the door to straightforward, low‐cost characterization of optoelectronic films.
Analytic Nullstellensätze and the model theory of valued fields
Authors: Aschenbrenner Matthias , Srhir Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present a uniform framework for establishing Nullstellensätze for power series rings using quantifier elimination results for valued fields. As an application, we obtain Nullstellensätze for ‐adic power series (both formal and convergent) analogous to Rückert's complex and Risler's real Nullstellensatz, as well as a ‐adic analytic version of Hilbert's 17th Problem. Analogous statements for restricted power series, both real and ‐adic, are also considered.