bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo visualization of hyaluronic acid injection by high spatial resolution T2 parametric magnetic resonance images
Authors: Gensanne D. , Josse G. , Schmitt A. M. , Lagarde J. M. , Vincensini D. 
Published: April 2007

Background/purpose: In recent years, increasing use of injectable resorbable fillings has been reported for facial wrinkle treatment. However, the physiological processes involved such as the localization and subsequent diffusion of the injected product in skin tissues are poorly documented. This may be noninvasively achieved using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is duly presented in this pilot study.Methods: Hyaluronic acid (HA) was injected intradermally in the forearm of a young male volunteer. High‐resolution MRI scans using a surface antenna were performed just after injection, and after 2, 4 and 9 months. Morphological images were compared with transverse relaxation time (T2) images computed from a pixel‐by‐pixel analysis.Results: On high‐resolution morphological MR images the HA injection is barely visible, but with quantitative MRI the zone of injection is clearly seen. This is due to HA having a distinctly different transverse relaxation time, T2∼600 ms, compared with dermal and hypodermal tissues, 35 and 80 ms, respectively.Conclusion: These preliminary results demonstrate the ability of the T2 images for in vivo visualization of the filler agent and also for characterization of tissue modifications. In addition, the diffusion and progressive degradation of the filler agent can be monitored by T2 measurements over time.
EBV detection in HIV‐related oral plasmablastic lymphoma
Authors: Ferrazzo KL , Mesquita RA , Aburad ATT , Nunes FD , De Sousa SOM 
Published: April 2007

Objectives:  Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) of the oral cavity is an aggressive neoplasm derived from B cell, considered to be the second more common among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐associated malignancies. As Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has been associated with this neoplasm, the aim of the present study was to assess the presence of EBV in 11 cases of oral HIV‐related PBL and investigate the controversial issue of the presence of Human herpesvirus‐8 (HHV‐8) in these tumors.Methods:  DNA was extracted from nine cases of HIV‐associated oral lymphomas, diagnosed as PBL, and genomic material was amplified by polymerase chain reaction to verify the presence of EBV. In situ hybridization (ISH) for EBV was performed in five cases. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to confirm previous diagnosis and verify HHV‐8 infection.Results:  The 11 cases had diagnosis confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. Only nine cases presented an adequate amount of DNA for analysis, and EBV was detected in seven of them. The five cases tested for EBV viral infection by ISH showed positive signals. All 11 cases were negative for HHV‐8.Conclusion:  The presence of EBV in all cases studied favors a direct role of this virus in the development of HIV‐related PBL, and this finding could be considered when dealing with HIV patients.
Imaging of Lymph Nodes in the Head and Neck Region
Authors: Czerny C. , Krestan C. , Formanek M. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThis paper describes the modern imaging methods, techniques, ability and performance in detecting and staging head and neck lymph nodes. Furthermore, the imaging morphologies of benign and malignant lymph nodes according to the different imaging techniques are shown. The imaging techniques of ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion‐weighted imaging and contrast‐enhanced iron oxide MRI are explained. Imaging examples of the different modalities of benign‐ and malignant‐transformed lymph nodes are shown. Additionally, the diagnostic sensitivity of each modality are delineated and further aspects of modern lymph node staging of the head and neck region, such as those with special contrast agents are described. These modern imaging modalities have sensitivity rates of 70–80% depending on the technical equipment and ability and on the experience of the investigator. The value of biopsy techniques including recently developed ultrasonography guided needle biopsy with molecular analysis of the cells of about 97–100% accuracy in diagnosing benign from malignant lymph nodes are mentioned. Overall, the reader gets an overview of the present imaging modalities to potentially stage correctly lymph nodes in the head and neck region to facilitate the therapeutic procedure.
The Value of CT Scan in Diagnosis and Management of Malignant Lymphoma: A Clinical Practice‐Oriented Overview
Authors: Datz L. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe impact of computed tomography (CT) scanning on the accurate diagnosis of malignant lymphoma (ML) and the assessment of the course of disease has rapidly improved over the last years. This is mainly due to the development of multi‐slice CT (MSCT) with its unique utility to perform high‐resolution full‐body scans within a very short period of time. Its standardized sectional views permit excellent comparability to previously performed images with high inter‐observer agreement. MSCT is the method of choice for the chest, abdominal and urinary tract regions which is also true with some restrictions to the head and neck region. In the musculoskeletal system the accuracy is lower when compared with magnetic resonance imaging. Among the variety of imaging technologies MSCT plays a central role for staging and restaging of ML with a major impact on therapeutic decisions.
Negative pressure wound therapy via vacuum‐assisted closure following partial foot amputation: what is the role of wound chronicity?
Authors: Armstrong David G , Lavery Lawrence A , Boulton Andrew JM 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRandomised clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate diabetic foot wound therapies have systematically eliminated large acute wounds from evaluation, focusing only on smaller chronic wounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proportion and rate of wound healing in acute and chronic wounds after partial foot amputation in individuals with diabetes treated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) delivered by the vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC®) device or with standard wound therapy (SWT). This study constitutes a secondary analysis of patients enrolled in a 16‐week RCT of NPWT: 162 open foot amputation wounds (mean wound size = 20·7 cm2) were included. Acute wounds were defined as the wounds less than 30 days after amputation, whereas chronic wounds as the wounds greater than 30 days. Inclusion criteria consisted of individuals older than 18 years, presence of a diabetic foot amputation wound up to the transmetatarsal level and adequate perfusion. Wound size and healing were confirmed by independent, blinded wound evaluators. Analyses were done on an intent‐to‐treat basis. There was a significantly higher proportion of acute wounds (SWT = 59; NPWT = 63) than chronic wounds (SWT = 26; NPWT = 14), evaluated in this clinical trial (P = 0·001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of acute and chronic wounds achieving complete wound closure in either treatment group. Despite this finding, the Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated statistically significantly faster healing in the NPWT group in both acute (P = 0·030) and chronic wounds (P = 0·033). Among the patients treated with NPWT via the VAC, there was not a significant difference in healing as a function of chronicity. In both the acute and the chronic wound groups, results for patients treated with NPWT were superior to those for the patients treated with SWT. These results appear to indicate that wound duration should not deter the clinician from using this modality to treat complex wounds.
The role of vascular endothelial growth inhibitor in wound healing
Authors: Conway Kevin P , Price Patricia , Harding Keith G , Jiang Wen G 
Published: April 2007

AbstractVascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) is an endothelial cell‐specific cytokine and a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The role of VEGI in angiogenesis related to tissue repair has previously not been investigated. Biopsies from different wound types were analysed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the presence of VEGI protein and transcript, respectively. Human vascular endothelial cell line was transfected with VEGI expression plasmid and tested for their in vitro angiogenesis properties. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGI showed reduced expression in the dermal layer of the acute wounds compared with the chronic wound or normal skin. The ability of VEGI to prevent angiogenesis by in vitro assays showed that VEGI acts as a suppressor to the proliferation and microtubule formation of endothelial cells, and the addition of Hepatocyte Growth Factor had little effect on the ability of cell lines expressing the VEGI gene to increase microtubule formation. The aberrant expression of VEGI in different wound types appears to be linked to the outcome of the healing in these wounds. The altered expression of VEGI in chronic wounds constitutes an important target of future therapies.
EntonoxTM as a sedative for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
Authors: GUDGIN E. J. , BESSER M. W. , CRAIG J. I. O. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryBone marrow aspiration and biopsy can be a painful procedure. Sedation techniques may make this investigation more acceptable to patients, but have the potential to cause life‐threatening complications, as well as requiring additional staff and equipment for safe administration. We assessed the use of EntonoxTM, a 50 : 50 mix of nitrous oxide and oxygen, as a sedation and analgesic agent, and compared it to previous experience with the intravenous (i.v.) benzodiazepine midazolam. Patients’ perception of pain, and both the operator and patient's views on the ease of the procedure and safety factors were recorded. Twenty‐two patients who had previously required i.v. midazolam sedation (16), or who requested sedation (6) were studied. Fifteen of 16 (94%) found EntonoxTM better or equal to midazolam, and only one patient (6%) found it worse. There were no serious adverse events due to EntonoxTM. We have shown, in this small group of patients, that EntonoxTM is an effective, safe alternative to intravenous midazolam for sedation during bone marrow biopsy, and is considered acceptable by both patients and staff. It has the major advantage that no additional staff or facilities are required for safe administration or monitoring the patient during or after the procedure.
Aberrant co‐expression of CD19 and CD56 as surrogate markers of acute myeloid leukemias with t(8;21) in Taiwan
Authors: CHEN S.‐W. , LI C.‐F. , CHUANG S.‐S. , TZENG C.‐C. , HSIEH Y.‐C. , LEE P.‐S. , CHEN C.‐H. , HUANG W.‐T. , HWANG W.‐S. , TSAO C.‐J. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryAberrant antigen expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been extensively studied in the West with limited reports from Taiwan. We carried out this retrospective study to characterize the frequency and significance of aberrant antigen expression of AML in Taiwan. Among 111 cases, 58 (52%) showed aberrant antigen expression, most frequently CD7 (27%) and CD56 (23%). Aberrant CD7 expression was observed in all non‐AML‐M3 subtypes, most frequently in AML‐M7 (4/6, 67%); while CD19 expression was only observed in AML‐M2 (5/36, 14%). CD56 expression was most common in AML‐M5 (4/8, 50%). The relative frequency of CD19 and CD56 expression in AML with t(8;21) was higher than those with other chromosomal abnormalities or normal karyotype (P = 0.011 and 0.005, respectively). In non‐M3 AML, aberrant antigen expression was identified in 56/96 (58%) cases, in contrast to 2/15 (13%) AML‐M3 cases (P = 0.001). CD7, CD19 and CD56 expression was not correlated with remission rate. We concluded that aberrant immunophenotype was more frequent in non‐M3 leukemias in Taiwan. The relative frequency of CD19 and/or CD56 expression in AML with t(8;21) was significantly higher than those without this translocation and co‐expression of these two antigens may serve as the surrogate markers for AML with t(8;21).
Nosocomial Outbreak of
Corynebacterium striatum
Infection in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Renom Feliu , Garau Margarita , Rubí Mateu , Ramis Ferran , Galmés Antònia , Soriano Joan B. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT

We describe an unusual cluster of
Corynebacterium striatum
infections in 21 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) admitted to a medium-size respiratory unit. Eleven isolates from eight patients occurred simultaneously within a month.
C. striatum
is a potentially pathogenic microorganism with the ability to produce nosocomial infectious outbreaks and respiratory colonization in patients with advanced COPD.
Addition of
neuA
, the Gene Encoding
N
-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyl Transferase, Increases the Discriminatory Ability of the Consensus Sequence-Based Scheme for Typing
Legionella pneumophila
Serogroup 1 Strains
Authors: Ratzow Sandra , Gaia Valeria , Helbig Jürgen Herbert , Fry Norman K. , Lück Paul Christian 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT

The standard sequence-based method for the typing of
Legionella pneumophila
serogroup 1 strains was extended by using the
gspA
and
neuA
alleles. The use of
neuA
as a seventh allele for typing significantly increased the index of discrimination calculated for a panel of unrelated strains (from 0.932 to 0.963) and subdivided some known large common complexes (e.g., 1,4,3,1,1,1). This modification to the standard method is proposed as the method of choice in the epidemiological investigation of
L. pneumophila
infections.
Epidemiologic Distribution of the Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element among Selected Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
Isolates
Authors: Goering Richard V. , McDougal Linda K. , Fosheim Greg E. , Bonnstetter Kristin K. , Wolter Daniel J. , Tenover Fred C. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT

We tested 214
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates for the
arcA
locus of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). All USA300 SCC
mec
IVa isolates, but no isolates containing other SCC
mec
subtypes, were
arcA
positive.
arcA
was also detected in selected methicillin-susceptible USA300 and methicillin-resistant USA100 isolates. DNA sequence analysis confirmed the integration of ACME in
orfX
.
Identification of an Emerging Pathogen,
Mycobacterium massiliense
, by
rpoB
Sequencing of Clinical Isolates Collected in the United States
Authors: Simmon Keith E. , Pounder June I. , Greene John N. , Walsh Frank , Anderson Clint M. , Cohen Samuel , Petti Cathy A. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium massiliense
is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that is indistinguishable from
Mycobacterium chelonae
/
M. abscessus
by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We sequenced
rpoB
,
sodA
, and
hsp65
genes from isolates previously identified as being
M. chelonae/M. abscessus
and identified
M. massiliense
from isolates from two patients with invasive disease representing the first reported cases in the United States.
Effective T-Cell Responses Select Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mutants and Slow Disease Progression
Authors: Frater A. J. , Brown H. , Oxenius A. , Günthard H. F. , Hirschel B. , Robinson N. , Leslie A. J. , Payne R. , Crawford H. , Prendergast A. , Brander C. , Kiepiela P. , Walker B. D. , Goulder P. J. R. , McLean A. , Phillips R. E. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThe possession of some HLA class I molecules is associated with delayed progression to AIDS. The mechanism behind this beneficial effect is unclear. We tested the idea that cytotoxic T-cell responses restricted by advantageous HLA class I molecules impose stronger selection pressures than those restricted by other HLA class I alleles. As a measure of the selection pressure imposed by HLA class I alleles, we determined the extent of HLA class I-associated epitope variation in a cohort of European human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals (n= 84). We validated our findings in a second, distinct cohort of African patients (n= 516). We found that key HIV epitopes restricted by advantageous HLA molecules (B27, B57, and B51 in European patients and B5703, B5801, and B8101 in African patients) were more frequently mutated in individuals bearing the restricting HLA than in those who lacked the restricting HLA class I molecule. HLA alleles associated with clinical benefit restricted certain epitopes for which the consensus peptides were frequently recognized by the immune response despite the circulating virus's being highly polymorphic. We found a significant inverse correlation between the HLA-associated hazard of disease progression and the mean HLA-associated prevalence of mutations within epitopes (P= 0.028;R2= 0.34). We conclude that beneficial HLA class I alleles impose strong selection at key epitopes. This is revealed by the frequent association between effective T-cell responses and circulating viral escape mutants and the rarity of these variants in patients who lack these favorable HLA class I molecules, suggesting a significant pressure to revert.
The ATM/ATR Signaling Effector Chk2 Is Targeted by Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 3C To Release the G
2
/M Cell Cycle Block
Authors: Choudhuri Tathagata , Verma Subhash C. , Lan Ke , Murakami Masanao , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects most of the human population and persists in B lymphocytes for the lifetime of the host. The establishment of latent infection by EBV requires the expression of a unique repertoire of genes. The product of one of these viral genes, the EBV nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C), is essential for the growth transformation of primary B lymphocytes in vitro and can regulate the transcription of a number of viral and cellular genes important for the immortalization process. This study demonstrates an associated function of EBNA3C which involves the disruption of the G
2
/M cell cycle checkpoint. We show that EBNA3C-expressing lymphoblastoid cell lines treated with the drug nocodazole, which is known to block cells at the G
2
/M transition, did not show a G
2
/M-specific checkpoint arrest. Analyses of the cell cycles of cells expressing EBNA3C demonstrated that the expression of this essential EBV nuclear antigen is capable of releasing the G
2
/M checkpoint arrest induced by nocodazole. This G
2
/M arrest in response to nocodazole was also abolished by caffeine, suggesting an involvement of the ATM/ATR signaling pathway in the regulation of this cell cycle checkpoint. Importantly, we show that the direct interaction of EBNA3C with Chk2, the ATM/ATR signaling effector, is responsible for the release of this nocodazole-induced G
2
/M arrest and that this interaction leads to the serine 216 phosphorylation of Cdc25c, which is sequestered in the cytoplasm by 14-3-3. Overall, our data suggest that EBNA3C can directly regulate the G
2
/M component of the host cell cycle machinery, allowing for the release of the checkpoint block.
Indirect Regulation of CD4 T-Cell Responses by Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors in an Acute Viral Infection
Authors: Singh Anju , Wüthrich Marcel , Klein Bruce , Suresh M. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTDespite the well-recognized importance of CD4 T-cell help in the induction of antibody production and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses, the regulation of CD4 T-cell responses is not well understood. Using mice deficient for TNF receptor I (TNFR I) and/or TNFR II, we show that TNFR I and TNFR II play redundant roles in down regulating the expansion of CD4 T cells during an acute infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Adoptive transfer experiments using T-cell-receptor transgenic CD4 T cells and studies with mixed bone marrow chimeras indicated that indirect effects and not direct effects on T cells mediated the suppressive function of TNF on CD4 T-cell expansion during the primary response. Further studies to characterize the indirect effects of TNF suggested a role for TNFRs in LCMV-induced deletion of CD11chidendritic cells in the spleen, which might be a mechanism to limit the duration of antigenic stimulation and CD4 T-cell expansion. Consequent to enhanced primary expansion, there was a substantial increase in the number of LCMV-specific memory CD4 T cells in the spleens of mice deficient for both TNFR I and TNFR II. In summary, our findings suggest that TNFRs down regulate CD4 T-cell responses during an acute LCMV infection by a non-T-cell autonomous mechanism.
Association of Vaccinia Virus Fusion Regulatory Proteins with the Multicomponent Entry/Fusion Complex
Authors: Wagenaar Timothy R. , Moss Bernard 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT
The proteins encoded by the A56R and K2L genes of vaccinia virus form a heterodimer (A56/K2) and have a fusion regulatory role as deletion or mutation of either causes infected cells to form large syncytia spontaneously. Here, we showed that syncytia formation is dependent on proteins of the recently described entry fusion complex (EFC), which are also required for virus-cell fusion and low-pH-triggered cell-cell fusion. This finding led us to consider that A56/K2 might prevent fusion by direct or indirect interaction with the EFC. To test this hypothesis, we made a panel of recombinant vaccinia viruses that have a tandem affinity purification tag attached to A56, K2, or the A28 EFC protein. Interaction between A56/K2 and the EFC was demonstrated by their copurification from detergent-treated lysates of infected cells and identification by mass spectrometry or Western blotting. In addition, a purified soluble transmembrane-deleted form of A56/K2 was shown to interact with the EFC. Tagged A56 did not interact with the EFC in the absence of K2, nor did tagged K2 interact with the EFC in the absence of A56. The finding that both A56 and K2 are required for efficient binding to the EFC fits well with prior experiments showing that mutation of either A56 or K2 results in spontaneous fusion of infected cells. Because A56 and K2 are located on the surface of infected cells, they are in position to interact with the EFC of released progeny virions and prevent back-fusion and syncytia formation.