bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of the use of unconventional remedies for arthritis in a metropolitan community
Authors: Cronan Terry A. , Kaplan Robert M. , Posner Linda , Blumberg Elaine , Kozin Franklin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOf 1,811 individuals sampled in a metropolitan community, 382 reported having a musculoskeletal complaint. Eighty‐four percent of them had used an unconventional remedy within the previous 6 months. Most individuals used inexpensive, unharmful remedies such as exercise, prayer, and relaxation. This study indicates that people with musculoskeletal disorders often use unconventional remedies, but raises questions regarding the seriousness of this problem.
Impact of juvenile arthritis on families. An educational assessment
Authors: Konkol Lisa , Lineberry Jeff , Gottlieb Jan , Shelby Pamela E. , Iii Miller , Lorig And Kate 
Published: February 2007

AbstractState of the art patient education programs have as their goals changes in behaviors, coping styles, health status, and/or costs. The accomplishment of these goals often involves not only the patient but also his or her whole family. This is especially true if the patient is a child. Based on this premise, we undertook an educational needs assessment of 50 children with juvenile arthritis (JA) and their families. Through utilization of a grounded theory methodology, open‐ended questionnaires were completed by JA children, their parents, and their siblings. The resulting analysis suggests (1) the need for family‐based education, (2) differing needs of various family members, and (3) several hypotheses for further study.
Methods used by Urban, low‐income minorities to care for their arthritis
Authors: Bill‐Harvey Dee , Rippey Robert M. , Abeles Micha , Pfeiffer Carol A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe the current treatment methods minorities use and believe are effective in relieving the pain and discomfort of arthritis. One hundred sixty subjects from two urban, low‐income minority communities reported to case finders that they had some form of arthritis. Subsequently they were interviewed and examined by a rheumatologist. Sixty‐six percent were black, and 34% were Hispanic. The study found that 83% had some type of rheumatic disease. Differences existed between the black and Hispanic samples in age, rheumatic disease distribution, and methods of care. The majority of black respondents were older, with a frequent diagnoses of osteoarthritis, compared to the Hispanics, who reported fibrositis as their dominant rheumatic problem. An array of conventional and nonconventional therapies were used by both groups to care for their arthritis. Prayer (92%), equipment (70%), and heat (33%) were reported as „most helpful”︁ for the blacks. Hispanics reported prayer (50%), heat (40%), and topical ointments as „most helpful”︁.In order to communicate and provide optimal care to patients from divergent cultural backgrounds, it is important to understand both likenesses and differences, and to be sensitive to the patient's belief system and health care practices.
Health status and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Joyce Kathleen , Berkebile Carole , Hastings Clare , Yarboro Cheryl , Yocum And David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe physical manifestations of disease activity and health status of patients with systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were measured in this study. Forty‐nine patients completed the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS) and consented to examination for physical features of SLE documented by a Clinical Activity Index (CAI). Results showed a mean score of 22 on the AIMS and 6.6 on the CAI. The total scores for each measure were significantly correlated (r = 0.55, p < 0.001), indicating a relationship between health status and clinical disease activity. The total score for CAI was significantly correlated with the physical activity, pain, and depression subscales of health status. The total score for health status was significantly correlated with mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, and general features of CAI. Within scale correlations were also found. Mucocutaneous aspects of disease activity were significantly correlated with pain and depression. Musculoskeletal features were significantly correlated with physical activity and pain. General aspects of SLE, including fatigue, were significantly correlated with physical activity. The study concludes that there is a relationship between certain physical features of SLE and key components of health status.
Common problems experienced by adults with osteoarthritis
Authors: Weinberger Morris , Tierney William M. , Booher Patricia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFunctional status and noncompliance were assessed at baseline in 327 patients with osteoarthritis (OA), 96% of whom were interviewed again later either by telephone or at their next scheduled primary care visit. One‐third of the sample reported noncompliance at baseline. During the follow‐up interviews, commonly identified problems included having an inadequate supply of medicines to last until their next physician visit (47%), experiencing gastrointestinal complaints (36%), and reporting barriers to primary care (32%). For OA patients with hypertension or heart disease (N = 241), 75% reported clinically important symptoms. Patients with poorer functional status at baseline generally reported more subsequent problems. We conclude that patients frequently have correctable problems (e.g., medication noncompliance and side effects, barriers to care). These patients may be identified prospectively by their poor functional status. Arthritis health care professionals may wish to consider patient‐oriented interventions to obviate these problems when evaluating functional status.
Understanding compliance with the medical regimen: The scope of the problem and a theoretical perspective
Authors: Agras W. Stewart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article reviews the scope of the compliance problem and introduces a social cognitive model as a framework for understanding the many factors influencing compliance behaviors. Among the broad categories of factors influencing compliance are the nature of the regimen, immediate controlling factors such as the locale in which the regimen is to be followed, the patients' expectations concerning the regimen, characteristics of the health‐care setting, and social support. Each of these factors is considered in some detail. It is concluded that compliance is a complex behavior deserving of thorough investigation by the health‐care team, requiring long‐term monitoring in chronic health problems, and is susceptible to change by a variety of interventions.
Compliance measurement with arthritis regimen
Authors: Dunbar Jacqueline , Dunning E. Jean , Dwyer Kathleen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis affects nearly 6.5 million Americans, causing significant disability and suffering. Improvement of treatment efficacy is of considerable importance. Because adherence moderates treatment effects, efficacy studies need to account for the extent to which the patient complied. This paper reviews the methods of assessing adherence. These methods fall into four categories: (1) clinical measures (therapeutic outcome and clinician judgment); (2) self‐report (interviews, questionnaires, and daily records); (3) direct measures (direct observation and biologic assays); and (4) indirect measures (pill counts, pharmacy refills, and electronic monitors). The most commonly used measure is some form of self‐report. The clinical measures are problematic as compliance indicators and should not be used in this regard. Selections among the other categories should be made based upon the behavior being studied, the cost and resources available, the capabilities of the patient, the questions being asked, and the level of accuracy and detail desired. There are no perfect measures.
Minimal intervention and arthritis treatment: Implications for patient and physician compliance
Authors: Hovell Melbourne F. , Black David R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rationale based on a public health perspective for using minimal intervention programs in the treatment of arthritis is presented. Minimal interventions are relatively inexpensive, relatively free from side effects, and produce therapeutic effects that range from statistically significant to clinically important. Empirical evidence regarding the relative efficacy of minimal intervention programs continues to accumulate in general preventive medicine. Extension to arthritis treatment and control is recommended. This will require (1) practitioners to recognize the public health perspective, (2) consensus judgment that a treatment is likely to produce therapeutic benefits at little cost and with minima) side effects, and (3) empirical validation of efficacy based on clinical trial results. It is concluded that the concept of minimal intervention could increase physicians' use of such treatments and thereby increase the therapeutic benefits to patients suffering from arthritic disease.
Comparative spermatogenesis, spermatocytogenesis, and spermatozeugmata formation in males of viviparous species of clinid fishes (Teleostei: Clinidae, Blennioidei)
Authors: Fishelson Lev , Gon Ofer , Holdengreber Vered , Delarea Yakob 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpermatogenesis and spermatocytogenesis in 16 species of viviparous clinid fishes (Clinidae, Blennioidei) from various localities were followed for the first time by means of light and electron microscopy. The testes of the studied species are of the lobular type, with germinal stem cells situated at the apical ends of the lobules and a vas efferens along the internal margin. Maturation of the spermatides takes place in spermatocysts formed by Sertoli cells around the B‐spermatogonia. The gradual condensation and relocation of the chromosomes along the nuclei membranes are highly prominent in this process, which can be divided into several stages. Anisodiametric and slightly flattened sperm heads are eventually formed, 0.4–0.5 μm in diameter and 7.5 ± 1 μm long, bearing 80 ± 15 μm long flagella. The sperms are packed into spermatozeugmata within the spermatocysts, enveloped and penetrated by the mucotic material of the Sertoli cells. With division of the germ cells and maturation of the spermatids, the spermatocyst dimensions increase, attaining 40 ± 8 μm in diameter in the smaller species of Heteroclinus, and up to 90 ± 10 μm in the larger males of Clinus superciliosus and C. cottoides. Accordingly, the volume of the maturing spermatocysts attains ca. 1,300 ± 100 μm3 in the smaller species, and ca. 6,500 ± 300 μm3 in the larger ones. As sperm head volume is ca. 2.24 μm3, the number of sperm in the smallest mature spermatocysts reaches ca. 440 and in the largest over 2,900. Upon release from the cysts, the spermatozeugmata are transported along the sperm ducts to the posterior ampullae where they are stored in the epididymis. During copulation, the sperms are transported from there to the female via the intromittent organ. The sperm formation parameters and their structure and numbers are discussed. Anat Rec Part A, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scaling of the first ethmoturbinal in nocturnal strepsirrhines: Olfactory and respiratory surfaces
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Bhatnagar Kunwar P. , Rossie James B. , Docherty Beth A. , Burrows Anne M. , Cooper Gregory M. , Mooney M.P. , Siegel M.I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTurbinals (scroll bones, turbinates) are projections from the lateral wall of the nasal fossa. These bones vary from simple folds to branching scrolls. Conventionally, maxilloturbinals comprise the respiratory turbinals, whereas nasoturbinals and ethmoturbinals comprise olfactory turbinals, denoting the primary type of mucosa that lines these conchae. However, the first ethmoturbinal (ETI) appears exceptional in the variability of it mucosal covering. Recently, it was suggested that the distribution of respiratory versus olfactory mucosae varies based on body size or age in strepsirrhine primates (lemurs and lorises). The present study was undertaken to determine how the rostrocaudal distribution of olfactory epithelium (OE) versus non‐OE scales relative to palatal length in strepsirrhines. Serially sectioned heads of 20 strepsirrhines (10 neonates, 10 adults) were examined for presence of OE on ETI, rostral to its attachment to the nasal fossa wall (lateral root). Based on known distances between sections of ETI, the rostrocaudal length of OE was measured and compared to the length lined solely by non‐OE (primarily respiratory epithelium). In 13 specimens, the total surface area of OE versus non‐OE was calculated. Results show that the length of non‐OE scales nearly isometrically with cranial length, while OE is more negatively allometric. In surface area, a lesser percentage of non‐OE exists in smaller species than larger species and between neonates and adults. Such results are consistent with recent suggestions that the olfactory structures do not scale closely with body size, whereas respiratory structures (e.g., maxilloturbinals) may scale close to isometry. In primates and perhaps other mammals, variation in ETI morphology may reflect dual adaptations for olfaction and endothermy. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neocortical and hippocampal neuron and glial cell numbers in the rhesus monkey
Authors: Christensen Jeppe Romme , Larsen Karen Bonde , Lisanby Sarah H. , Scalia Jason , Arango Victoria , Dwork Andrew J. , Pakkenberg Bente 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe rhesus monkey is widely used as an experimental animal model in the study of brain function and disease. While previous quantitative studies have provided knowledge of regional numbers, little is known of the total neocortical neuron and glial cell numbers in this species. The aim of this study is to establish quantitative norms. We use the optical fractionator and Cavalieri principle to examine the right hemisphere of eight young rhesus monkeys taken from the control group of an ongoing study. Applying these methods to agar‐embedded and vibratome‐sectioned tissue, we generate estimates of cell numbers and regional volumes of neocortical and hippocampal regions with coefficients of variance (CV) around 10%. The mean unilateral neocortical neuron number is 1.35 × 109 (CV ± 0.10) and the mean unilateral neocortical glial cell number is 0.78 × 109 (CV ± 0.17). Mean unilateral neocortical volume is found to be 8.5 (CV ± 0.10) cm3 after processing, or 19 cm3 when correcting for shrinkage. The neuron/glia ratio is 1.77. The neurons are distributed with 18% in the frontal cortex, 57% in the temporal and parietal cortices, and 25% in the occipital cortex. In the hippocampal subregions, we found unilateral neuron number of 1.72 × 106 (CV ± 0.13) and glial number of 2.25 × 106 (CV ± 0.17) in CA1, and 0.80 × 106 (CV ± 0.27) neurons and 1.05 × 106 (CV ± 0.26) glial cells in CA2–3. Comparisons with related studies show quantitative variation, but also variations in methods and applications. The results are phylogenetically consistent, apart from the neuron/glia ratio, which is remarkably higher than what is found in other species. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skin eruptions with gold therapy—influence of sesame oil
Authors: Batterman Roberit C. , Grossman Arthur J. , Leifer Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report indicates that some sensitivity reactions occurring during chrysotherapy can be caused by a sesame oil vehicle. A group of 25 patients was given weekly injections of sesame oil alone, and twenty per cent developed skin sensitivity reactions of a type usually attributed to gold. It was found possible to continue chrysotherapy in some patients having such reactions by changing the menstruum of the preparation in use.Iste reporto indica que certe reactiones de sensibilitate occurrente durante chrysotherapia pote esser debite a un vehiculo de oleo de sesamo. Un gruppo de 25 patientes recipeva injectiones septimanal de oleo de sesamo sol, e vinti pro cento disveloppava reactiones de sensibilitate cutanee del typo usualmente attribuite a auro. Esseva trovate possibile continuar le chrysotherapia in certe patientes con tal reactiones per alterar le excipiente del preparato usate.
Studies on dexamethasone, a new synthetic steroid, in rheumatoid arthritis—a preliminary report
Authors: Bunim Joseph J. , Black Roger L. , Lutwak Leo , Peterson Ralph E. , Whedon G. Donald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObservations concerning the antirheumatic and physiologic effects of a new synthetic corticosteroid, dexamethasone, are presented. This preparation, the most potent of any steroid heretofore studied, did not cause sodium retention or potassium loss in doses sufficient to suppress rheumatoid disease. Increased nitrogen and calcium excretion were observed. Further clinical studies are indicated. For the present, it is suggested that the daily dose of dexamethasone should not exceed 4 mg.
Spondylitis in chronic ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zvaifler N. J. , Martel William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA review of the roentgen films and hospital charts in 100 examples of chronic ulcerative colitis showed a 6 per cent prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis. There were no differences in the course or severity of the colitis that distinguished the patients with spondylitis from the entire group. The radiologic features of the spinal involvement were identical to those seen in ankylosing spondylitis. The concurrence of these two diseases is of interest from an etiologic viewpoint but is not explained.
Rat heart‐lung preparation: Standardization of work performance; lung weights
Authors: Solomon Neil , Sayers George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe preparation of an isolated rat heart‐lung is described in detail. This isolated system exhibits a high degree of uniformity of work performance as measured by left ventricular work index (LVWI) (proportional to the product of cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure). The procedures described are of considerable importance to studies of the tissue‐level activity of corticosteroids.
Pathologic observations concerning the cutaneous lesion of progressive systemic sclerosis: An electron microscopic histochemical and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Fisher Edwin R. , Rodnan Gerald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of a comprehensive histochemical and electron microscopic study of skin biopsies from 15 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis exhibiting varying degrees of sclerodermatous involvement strongly suggest that the alterations in this disorder result from an increase of otherwise normal collagen fibers. The failure to demonstrate preferential localization of gamma globulin or other plasma proteins within these lesions is unlike that observed in other so‐called connective tissue diseases purported to have an immunoallergic pathogenesis.
Studies on the pathogenesis of ochronotic arthropathy
Authors: O'Brien William M. , Banfield William G. , Sokoloff Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnalysis of the anatomic findings in the knees of three patients with ochronosis suggests that the critical problem in the pathogenesis of the arthropathy is the affinity of cartilage for the pigment or its precursors. Electron microscopic and certain in vitro studies having a bearing on hypothetical alternatives are presented.
Acne conglobata and arthritis
Authors: Windom Robert E. , Sanford J. P. , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcne conglobata has the same features as acne vulgaris plus double comedones and dissecting interconnecting subcutaneous abscesses which heal to leave scar bridges. This report describes the association of acne conglobata with an asymmetric self‐limited, non‐deforming peripheral arthritis in a young male. It is suggested that the association of acne conglobata and arthritis is the consequence of the same pathogenetic mechanism as that involved in the association of arthritis with ulcerative colitis.
Rheumatoid factors in patients with silicosis with round nodular fibrosis of the lung in the absence of rheumatoid arthritis. With a note on the failure to induce such factors in animals
Authors: Schroeder Walter , Franklin Edward C. , McEwen Currier 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera of 10 patients with silicosis and round nodular fibrosis of the lung in the absence of rheumatoid arthritis had positive rheumatoid factor tests. The proteins responsible for this were identical or at least closely related to those seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It was not possible to induce “rheumatoid factor‐like” proteins in rats and guinea pigs by prolonged injections of silica. The possible significance of these proteins in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed.
Studies on ochronosis. I. The distribution of homogentisic acid in guinea pigs
Authors: La Du Bert N. , O'Brien William M. , Zannoni Vincent G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA specific enzymatic method for homogentisic acid was used to study its distribution in guinea pigs. Thirty minutes after intraperitoneal administration, relatively high concentrations were found in skin and cartilage. This unusual distribution pattern agrees with the localization of ochronotic pigment in alcaptomria. Binding experiments demonstrated that homogentisic acid was bound by albumin, but not by homogenates of cartilage and skin. A scheme to explain the events leading to ochronosis is presented.
Hyperuricemia in a male Filipino population
Authors: Decker John L. , Lane James J. , Reynolds William E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn view of the high frequency of gouty arthritis reported in Filipinos, a population of normal Filipino males and an age‐matched group of Caucasian males were examined. The mean serum uric acid value (with standard deviation) was found to be 6.3 ± 1.4 mg. per 100 ml. for Filipinos and 5.0 ± 1.1 mg. per 100 ml. for Caucasians, using the uricaseultraviolet spectrophotometric method of Praetorius. The serum uric acid frequency distribution curve was found to be symmetrical for the Caucasians and skewed to high values for the Filipinos.
Articular manifestations in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Zvaifler Nathan J. , Reefe William E. , Black Roger L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe articular manifestations noted in three patients with proven functioning parathyroid adenomas are presented. The joint symptoms, physical findings and radiographic abnormalities described illustrate the diversity of lesions associated with hyperparathyroidism. The relationship of subperiosteal bone resorption near articular surfaces, periarticular and synovial calcification and calcification of articular cartilage to the patient's joint symptoms is discussed.
Long term uricosuric therapy in gout
Authors: Thompson George R. , Duff Ivan F. , Robinson William D. , Mikkelsen William M. , Galindez Henrique 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of long term uricosuric therapy was evaluated in sixty‐four patients with primary gout. Serum uric acid was reduced to normal in half the patients; the majority manifested a urate diuresis. In seventeen of fifty patients with tophi, these lesions decreased in size. Acute gouty attacks were reduced to less than one per year in forty‐five, patients; the chronic symptoms present in fifty‐one patients improved in forty., Effectiveness of therapy was categorized as good, moderate, and poor, with examples of illustrative cases.