bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen über endophytische Pilze der Rebe unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Gefäßsystems der Unterlage
Authors: von Tiedemann Sabine , Brendel Günter , Fehrmann Hartmut 
Published: May 2008

AbstractInvestigations on endophytic fungi of grapevine with special emphasis on the vascular system of rootstocksIn three vegetation periods endophytic fungi from rootstocks of grafted grapevines were isolated, and their influence on the host‐plant was determined. Before grafting (pre‐nursery) about 40 to 50% of grapevines were colonized by endophytic fungi; in grafted material after growing in a nursery this rate increased up to 50 to 90% (post‐nursery). Most of these fungi areDeuteromycetes, especiallyMonilialesandCoelomycetes.Only a fewAscomyceteswere found. The spectrumof fungi differs, mainly depending on the season (pre‐ and post‐nursery), but less on the variety and year of sampling. Contradictory results from investigations of the relationship between the isolated fungi and the vitality of grafted grapevines were found, however the endophytes clearly showed no pathogenic character. On the contrary in some cases a higher vitality of the grapevines correlated with presence of endophytes.
Isolation of Eutypa lata from Juglans regia, and Pathogenicity Studies on Different Wood Plants
Authors: Rumbos IoannisC. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe fungus Eutypa lata was isolated from diseased walnut trees (Juglans regia) exhibiting small cankers. The morphological characteristics of the culture and the pathogenicity were compared with those of known isolates of the fungus from other hosts. Inoculation tests with walnut isolates on grape, walnut, almond and apricot yielded characteristic cankers. Furthermore, pathogenicity tests on walnut with isolates from other different hosts resulted in differences in virulence. Similar differences in virulence were observed between 13 single ascospore isolates of the fungus ex apricot inoculated on walnut.
Use of Horseradish‐Peroxidase Labelled Antibodies in ELISA for Plant Virus Detection
Authors: Polák J. , K&rcarístek J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDetection of plant viruses by ELISA using horseradish peroxidase for antibody labelling (ELISA‐peroxidase) has been standardized by evaluating variants of the procedure, regarding composition and concentration of buffers and additives. Immunoglobulins (IgG) are isolated from antisera by precipitation with ammonium‐sulphate and by purification with DEAE‐52 (Whatman) cellulose. IgG are conjugated with horseradish peroxidase by a modified oxidation‐periodate method.In ELISA‐peroxidase 0.05 M carbonate‐bicarbonate coating buffer pH 9.6 has been substituted by 0.01 M carbonate buffer pH 9.2. Extraction buffer is used with 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), without polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Samples are diluted in, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.2 with 0.05% Tween 20 and 0.5% BSA. IgG are conjugated with horseradish peroxidase, diluted in 0.1 M Tris‐HCl, pH 7.4 with 0.05% Tween 20 and 1% BSA. The substrate is incubated in the darkness for 20 min at room temperature. ELISA‐peroxidase proved to be equivalent in sensitivity and specificity with ELISA using alkaline phosphatase for antibody labelling. Its advantage is a lower cost of chemicals used in the test.
Molecular Cloning of DNA Complementary to the RNA‐Genome of Plum Pox Virus (PPV)
Authors: Maiss E. , Breyel E. , Brisske A. , Casper R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGenomic RNA of plum pox virus (PPV) was used as a template for the synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA). The generated cDNA molecules were subsequently cloned into pBR 322. A physical map covering 9700 bases of the PPV genome was constructed from 8, clones by hybridization and restriction endonuclease digestion. Clone pPPV‐NAT 309, starting at the 3′‐end, with an 866 bp insert was used in Northern‐ and Dot‐hybridizations for the detection of single‐stranded viral RNA in total nucleic acid as well as in sap preparations of PPV infected Nicotiana clevelandii. The nucleotide sequence of this clone was determined, the amino acid sequence of the coat protein C‐terminal part was deduced and compared with four other coat proteins of potyviruses.
Endophytic Fungi in Four Winter Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) Differing in Resistance Against Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Cast. & Germ. =Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk.
Authors: Sieber T. , Riesen T. K. , Müller E. , Fried P. M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFour winter wheat cultivars with different levels of resistance to Septoria nodorum were investigated at four locations during two vegetation periods. Forty plants per cultivar and site were collected at random at seven defined growth stages from crop emergence to harvest. Samples from roots, culms, leaves, glumes and kernels were examined for the occurrence of endophytic fungi after surface sterilization. 83% of the 26944 isolates sporulated and were assigned to 213 species. The most frequent were: Septoria nodorum (20.1%), Alternaria tenuissima (9.8%), Epicoccum purpurascens (9.1%), Idriella bolleyi (6.9%), Fusarium graminearum (5.3%), Fusarium culmorum (4.0%), Cladosporium oxysporum (3.7%), Didymella exitialis (3.1%), Fusarium nivale (2.8%) and Rhizoctonia solani (2.1%). Each species occurred preferentially in one or more plant organs. A factorial analysis of variance showed that plant organ, sampling site, vegetation, period and cultivar in decreasing order of importance influenced the quantitative and qualitative composition of the fungal populations. No relationship between endophytic fungi was found to be constantly antagonistic or mutualistic. Septoria nodorum was isolated mainly from culms. The number of S. nodorum isolates differed significantly between cultivars in culms and glumes but not in flag leaves. The results are discussed in relation to resistance breeding and the effect endophytic fungi, might have on yield.
Production of Conidia by Botrytis fabae grown in vitro
Authors: Harrison J. G. , Heilbronn Jacqueline 
Published: May 2008

AbstractConidiation in Botrytis fabae was stimulated by irradiating 1 to 3 day old, but not 4 to 5 day old mycelium. Three cycles of 12 h irradiation + 12 h darkness stimulated the production of about twice as many spores compared with only 12 h irradiation. At 18°C all the spores had been produced within 3 days but not within 2 days from the start of irradiation. Near‐u.v. irradiation at wavelengths of 375–400 nm induced most sporulation. Red light at 600–650 nm also stimulated conidiation but irradiation at other wavelengths from 300 to 700 nm was ineffective. Fewer conidia were produced when the fungus was kept in darkness at 4°C between periods of irradiaton at 18°C compared with continuous 18°C. The optimum osmotic potential of the culture, medium for conidiation was about‐27 bar although more mycelium grew at even lower osmotic potentials. Abundant spore production occurred when the fungus was grown in media with a wide range of pH values.
Induced Resistance in Tomato Against Corynebacterium michiganense pv. michiganense by Prior Inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars
Authors: SüLE S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPrior inoculation of wounded tomato petioles with a minimum concentration of 5 × 104 cells per wound of various Pseudomonas syringae pathovars completely protected plants against subsequent infection with Corynebacterium michiganense pv. michiganense inoculated on the same site. Only living cells induced effective protection. In protected tissue, cells of Corynebacterium michiganense pv. michiganense remained localized at the inoculation site and their multiplication was restricted. Irrespective of the cell number introduced, initial population decreased slowly and then levelled off below the initial inoculum level. This level remained constant throughout the experimental period (15 days). Similarly, the, cell number of the inducer Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola levelled off at ca. 106 cells per plant. The protection was not systemic and could be eliminated by removing the upper 5 mm of the inoculated wound tissues containing, the inducer.
Side‐Effects of Field Applications of ‘Propiconazol’ and ‘Captafol’ on the Composition of Non‐target Soil Fungi in Spring Barley
Authors: Elmholt S. , Smedegaard‐Petersen V. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe results show great seasonal variation in number and composition of the fungi isolated from the upper soil layer, especially owing to an increased isolation of primary saprophytic fungi during the late growing season. Before fungicide treatment no statistically significant difference was measured between the number of isolated fungi from the examined soils. During the treatment period significantly fewer fungi were isolated from plots treated with ‘captafol’ or ‘propiconazol’ than from the untreated plots. The differences between untreated and treated plots were not statistically significant 30 days after the last treatment. The ecotoxicological effect on the total isolated fungal flora thus seems negligible. However the fungi responded differen, tly to treatment with ‘captafol’ and ‘propiconazol’. None of the fungi were significantly affected for more than a month when treated with ‘propiconazol’. The number of primary saprophytic fungi (Cladosporium spp., Alternaria spp., Epicoccum purpurascens, and Stemphylium sp.) and Sphaeropsidales, however, was significantly reduced for more than a month when treated with ‘captafol’.
Common Antigen(s) in Cotton to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum
Authors: Abd‐El‐Rehim M. A. , Abou‐Taleb E. M. , Tohamy A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAntigen‐antibody reactions in agar gel, as demonstrated by the double diffusion technique, between cotton seed globulins and the antisera specific to each of the tested Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum isolates as well as the antiserum of F. moniliforme revealed that all the tested antisera of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum reacted with seed globulins except the Menoufi cultivar globulins. No precipitin lines were detected in the reaction between the antigenof the cotton cultivar Acala SJ2 versus the antiserum of P10 isolate. The 5 cultivars behaved differently with each fungal antiserum to the extent that they could be distinguished accordingly. When the seed globulins of the susceptible cultivars (Giza 74, and Bahtim 110) reacted with antiserum of the tested F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum isolates, more precipitin lines were formed than the resistant cultivars. On the other hand, no obvious reaction was detected in case of F. moniliforme antiserum.
Ethylene as a Mediator of Rubigan Biological Action in Cowpea Plants
Authors: Madkour M. A. , Shehata M. R. A. , Farag Samia A. , Wagih E. E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRubigan (a systemic fungicide) inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani in vitro when used at concentrations of 6, 12 and 24 μg/ml respectively. Application of Rubigan as a soil drench significantly reduced the damping‐off incidence on cowpea (Vigna sinensis) plants.Symptoms of growth retardation appearing on cowpea plants treated with Rubigan could be mimiced using an ethylene releasing compound (Ethrel). Ethrel at 10 and 20 μl/ml added to the soil around the seeds induced severe dwarfing as evidenced from measurements of plant length, dry weight and leaf area. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that ethylene was released either from Rubigan mixed or not with the soil. Rates of ethylene production from soils drenched with Rubigan were relatively inferiorto those produced by authentic Rubigan solutions not added to the soil. Moreover, in all cases ethylene was released at rates proportional to the Rubigan concentrations applied.Factors involved in growth retardation of Rubigan‐treated cowpea plants were discussed in the light of the possible interaction between ethylene and endogenous gibberellin levels.
Characterization of a Tymovirus Isolated from Anagyris foetida as a Strain of Scrophularia Mottle Virus
Authors: Rana G. L. , Castellano M. A. , Koenig R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA virus isolated from Anagyris foetida and infecting species in the Leguminosae and Solanaceae had typical properties of a tymovirus. It sedimented as two components (49 S and 103 S) and induced the formation of double membrane‐bounded invaginations in the chloroplasts of infected cells. Large numbers of ‘empty shells’ were found in the nuclei. The coat protein had a molecular weight of c. 20.000 and the RNA consisted of c. 5500 nucleotides. Crystallization of the virus in laminal crystals could be achieved by precipitation with 10 % polyethylenglycol 6000 and 1 % NaCl. Serologically, the virus was closely related to Scrophularia mottle, Ononis yellow mosaic and Plantago mottle viruses. The four viruses which all infect leguminous hosts are separated by serological differentiation indices which are mostly between 1 and 3. It is therefore suggested that they all should be considered as strains of the same virus which for reasons of priority should have the name Scrophularia mottle virus (ScrMV). The proposed Anagyris strain clearly differs from the Scrophularia mottle, Ononis yellow mosaic and Plantago mottle strains of ScrMV in host range, symptomatology, electrophoretic mobility serological properties and some cytopathogenic effects. It is not clear why the Anagyris strain infects A. foetida systemically in nature, but only locally under greenhouse conditions.
Sensibilité du Melon àSphaerotheca fuliginea en Fonction de L'Etage Foliaire
Authors: Ferriere Halina , Molot P. M. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Effect of leaf position on the susceptibility of melon plants to artificial infection with powdery mildew, Sphaerotheca fuliginea The leaf position of melon plants seems to play a role on their susceptibility when they are artificially infected with powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea. The cotyledons are generally very susceptible, while the first leaf relatively resistant; the susceptibility again continues up to the 4th–5th leaf (but less susceptible than the cotyledons) and then after it decreases; these results can be obtained on plants in greenhouse or on detached leaves in Petri dishes.From this observation, we think that the screening of melon genotypes for resistance to powdery mildew can be evaluated neither on the cotyledons which are very susceptible nor on the first leaf which is resistant, but on the third leaf which is moderately susceptible. In fact, there is a good correlation between the reaction of the third leaf and the resistance or susceptibility of genotypes.
Resistance of Tobacco to Thielaviopsis basicola under Tissue Culture Conditions and Increased Susceptibility after Transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens T‐DNA
Authors: Gasser R. , Kern H. , Défago G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTobacco callus cultures from a Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. et Br.) Ferraris resistant cultivar were less severely colonized than callus cultures from susceptible cultivars by the pathogen at all concentrations of kinetin and α‐indoleacetic acid tested. However, at concentrations where these substances influenced the morphology of the callus cultures they also influenced the degree of colonization by the fungus. Incorporation of T‐DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens induced susceptibility in tissue culture of the resistant cultivar but did not significantly modify the reaction of the susceptible cultivar tested.
Penetration of Hyphae of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by Coniothyrium minitans Without the Formation of Appressoria
Authors: Huang H. C. , Kokko E. G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn a study using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the mode of hyperparasitism of Coniothyrium minitans on its host Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was investigated. The SEM micrographs confirm previous reports, from light microscopic studies, that hyphal tips of C. minitans invade the host hypha by direct penetration, without developing appressoria, and that indentation of the host cell wall at the point of penetration is often evident. There is no functional distinction between amain branch and a side branch hypha of the hyperparasite and tips of either type of hyphae are capable of invading host hyphae by direct penetration.
Characteristics of Inhibition of a Taiwanese Soil Suppressive to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani
Authors: Huang J. W. , Sun S. K. , Ko W. H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGermination of nutrient‐amended chlamydospores of the three formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum tested were inhibited in a suppressive soil collected from central Taiwan. The suppressive soil released a volatile substance when moistened with alkaline solution. The inhibition spectrum of the volatile substance was different from that of the suppressive soil. The inhibitory effect of the suppressive soil was greatly reduced when it was heat‐treated for 30 min at 40°C or higher. The inhibitory effect of the heat‐treated suppressive soil was restored after infestation with 1% conducive or suppressive soil for 14 days. However, infestation of heat‐treated conducive soil even with 1% suppressive soil did not render it suppressive. Amendment of suppressive soil with rose bengal, streptomycin or Rubigan completely or partially reduced the inhibitory effect. Increasing the total population of indigenous microorganisms in conducive soil by amendment with rice germ or soybean meal to about the same level as that in suppressive soil did not render it suppressive. Results suggest that a combination of biotic and abiotic factors is responsible for the inhibitory effect of the suppressive soil.
Suppression by Zygorrhynchus moelleri of Growth and Sclerotium Production by Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Brown Averil E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAs indicated by reduced cellulolysis, Zygorrhynchus moelleri suppressed mycelial growth in Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Sclerotium production by both pathogenic fungi was also reduced by Z. moelleri in dual sand‐oatmeal cultures. The viability of sclerotia produced by S. sclerotiorum, but not those produced by R. solani, was greatly reduced. Sclerotium production by S. sclerotiorum on celery and tomato segments was reduced to a much greater extent when Z. moelleri was applied to the plant tissue 24 h before the pathogen than when applied at the same time or 24 h after the pathogen.
Interaction Between Pratylenchus coffeae and Pythium aphanidermatum and/or Rhizoctonia solani on Chrysanthemum*
Authors: Hasan Abul 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe interaction between Pratylenchus coffeae and Pythium aphanidermatum and/or Rhizoctonia solani on chrysanthemum and the influence of farmyard manure (FYM) on it was studied under pot conditions. The disease caused by P. aphanidermatum or R. solani was significantly high at varying inoculum levels of Pratylenchus coffeae. The severiy further increased when nematode infected plants were inoculated with both the fungi together. Organic manuring also influenced the disease severity which was greatest in soils containing 200% organic manure.The nematode population significantly increased in presence of R. solani, decreased in presence of P. aphanidermatum and remained unaffected when both the fungi occurred together around the plants. The nematode population was greatly reduced in soils containing 200% organic manure.
Viability Tests for Thick Walled Fungal Spores (ex: Oospores of Peronospora manshurica)
Authors: Roongruangsree U‐Tai , Kjerulf‐Jensen C. , Olson L. W. , Lange L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOospores of Peronospora manshurica, the causal agent of soybean downy mildew, were stained by a variety of techniques. TTC (tetrazolium chloride) and NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium chloride) primarily stained oospores which were cytologically abnormal and appeared degenerating. Cytological normal oospores were not stained by these compounds presumably because the dyes were excluded from the oospore cytoplasm by the oospore wall or the plasmalemma. Strong autofluorescence of dead/degenerating oospores in the FDA test (fluorescein diacetate) made scoring of the oospore viability by this technique unreliable. Phloxine B was found in a consistent way to stain the degenerating oospores and a small proportion of the oospores which by light microscopic, observations could not be scored cytologically abnormal. Control experiments with live and dead cells of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) confirm that phloxine B is excluded from live cells and dead cells become stained. The presumed mode of action is that the semipermeability of the plasma membrane of live cells excludes the stain. The phloxine B test described here appears a promising technique for the determination of oospore viability of P. manshurica.
Irregular Occurrence of Rhabdoviruslike Particles in Tissues of Fragaria vesca Plants Infected with Strawberry Crinkle Virus
Authors: Converse R. H. , Schaper Ulrike 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWhen evaluated by electron microscopy, rhabdoviruslike particles (RLP) were found most frequently in petioles, less frequently in midribs, and not at all in roots or petals of Alpine strawberry plants leaflet graft‐inoculated with strawberry crinkle virus (SCV). In graft‐inoculated plants RLP were found only in mesophyll and phloem parenchyma cells and in sieve tubes. Numbers of RLP detected were highest within one week of the onset of symptoms, decreased with time, and were extremely variable, both among identically treated Alpine seedlings that showed similar crinkle disease symptoms and within Alpine clones. Through electron microscopy we were not able to predict if a given petiole sample from a graft‐inoculated Alpine plant showing typical symptoms of crinkle disease would have no, moderate, or many RLP. The percentage of Alpine plants developing crinkle symptoms after leaflet graft inoculation with symptom‐bearing leaves from a crinkle source was higher in summer than in winter. It was not increased after the source plants had broken dormancy in the spring, compared to plants kept vegetative all winter, and was not dependent on the length of time a symptom‐bearing source plant had been infected. When symptomless leaves from SCV‐infected Alpine plants were grafted to healthy Alpine indicator plants, no symptoms developed on the latter.
Screening for Resistance to Blackleg Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm. within Brassicaceae
Authors: Sjödin C. , Glimelius K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNinety‐six accessions within the Brassicaceae were inoculated with a wide range of isolates of Phoma lingam and screened for resistance. Initially, seedlings were sprayed with a spore suspension. The material with the highest level of resistance according to the seedling test was further inoculated with pycnospores in cotyledons, adult leaves and stem bases. All representatives with resistance at the cotyledon stage were found to be resistant at the adult, too. A large variability invirulence was found among the different isolates of the pathogen demostrating the importance of using a broad spectrum when screening for resistance. An evaluation based on the response to 17 different P. lingam isolates revealed that five accessions of B. juncea, two of B. nigra and two of B. carinata could be classified as resistant. Although all these representatives contain the B genome of Brassica, there were other accessions with the B genome that were sensitive.