bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compound drought and hot events assessment in Australia using copula functions
Authors: Páscoa Patrícia , Gouveia Célia M , Ribeiro Andreia F S , Russo Ana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The occurrence of compound drought and hot events has been shown to cause stronger socio-economic, environmental and health impacts than the isolated events. Moreover, the frequency of these compound events has increased unevenly throughout the world and is expected to keep increasing in several regions. In this work, an assessment of compound drought and hot events in the summer months in Australia was made, using copula functions. Drought and hot conditions were identified by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and the indices Number of Hot Days (NHD) and Number of Hot Nights (NHN) for the summer months, respectively. We analysed drought conditions in the current and the previous 1 to 3 months and the periods 1950–1978 and 1979–2020. The results show that the conditional probability of the occurrence of hot events given drought conditions is very high for the concurrent month in most of the study area, reaching 0.9 in some cases. Considering previous drought conditions, the higher probabilities are obtained in the southeastern region in December and in the north in February but, in most of the study area, these values are higher than for the case of non-drought conditions, pointing to an effect of previous drought conditions on hot events of up to 3 months. Moreover, an increased frequency of compound drought and hot events from the first to the second period was identified in more than half of the study area for lags of 1 and 2 months. We show that, although the conditional probabilities are mostly higher when computed with NHD, NHN is also affected by drought conditions, and should also be considered in this analysis, since nights can have a relieving contribution when impacts in health and wildfires are being analysed.
Short review on the development of electrical discharge machine
Authors: Sisodiya Mangal Singh , Agarwal Pankaj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe electrical discharge machine (EDM) is an unconventional machine process. It uses thermoelectric energy to erode the work material. Usually, the EDM is employed to machine the hard to cut materials. The extraordinary characteristics of the EDM make the process more versatile for advanced manufacturing. The process is used to attend the intricate geometry with a high degree of accuracy. In the present scenario the manufacturing industries are meeting new challenges at frequent intervals due to the market competition and unique attributes of the materials. Ever changing customer requirement forces the continuous improvement in the machining technology, especially in unconventional machining processes like EDM. The present work reviews the progress of the key technology of the EDM which mainly affects output of the process. The reported work supplies the rigorous analysis of the major elements of the EDM in phase manner which includes the Power generation, control Units and servomechanism. In each section the concern issues are highlighted and reported proper remedies. In nutshell the EDM development from the start to the present stage is reported.
Solvent effects on the electrochemical performance of few layered MoS2 electrodes fabricated using FTO substrates
Authors: Philip Abin , Kumar A Ruban 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Owing to its exceptional structural, electrical, and optical features, Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), a two-dimensional (2D) layered material with tuneable bandgap, finds its application in electrochemical supercapacitors for superior energy and power density. Because of their low toxicity and long-term energy storage, the development of MoS2-based supercapacitors is inevitable. The study of solvent effects on the electrochemical performance of a few layered MoS2 using FTO substrates is done for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Exfoliating bulk MoS2 powder in different solvents with variable surface tensions such as Ethanol, Ethylene Glycol (EG), Dimethylformamide (DMF), and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) results in the formation of few-layered MoS2 structures. The sample’s structural, optical, and electrochemical behaviours are investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), cyclic-voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD confirms the formation of a 2D MoS2 film with (002) planes and the optical investigation revealed the variation of layer-dependent bandgap with solvents. We observe both faradaic and non-faradaic charge storage mechanisms in the samples and demonstrate a superior pseudocapacitive behaviour for MoS2 in DMF with a maximum specific capacitance of 34.25 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A/g.
Prevalence, incidence density and standardized morbidity rate of melanoma among patients with congenital melanocytic naevi: a systematic review
Authors: Tan Songtao , Hu Haoyue , Li Guiying , Zhao Jiaqi , Wu Di 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) are the result of aberrations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. The risk of melanoma is the most important concern among patients with CMN because of its poor prognosis. However, as a result of the great variability between studies, the reported risk of melanoma varies considerably, making it difficult to provide reliable information.

Objectives
To evaluate the prevalence, incidence density and standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) of melanoma among patients with CMN.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search of studies providing data on the risk of melanoma in patients with CMN following our registered and published protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022383009).

Results
Overall, 27 studies with a total of 11 480 patients with CMN and 82 patients developing melanoma were included for analysis. The prevalence of melanoma was 1.84% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–2.99] in patients with CMN and 2.73% (95% CI 1.67–4.43) in the subgroup of patients with large CMN (LCMN). The incidence of melanoma was 237.56 (95% CI 97.79–575.96) per 100 000 person-years in patients with CMN and 585.73 (95% CI 315.39–1085.29) per 100 000 person-years in the LCMN subgroup. The SMR of melanoma was 122.27 (95% CI 11.84–1262.88) among all patients with CMN and 285.97 (95% CI 50.65–1614.59) in the subgroup of patients with LCMN.

Conclusions
Our research suggests that the risk of melanoma in the CMN population seems to have been overestimated in previous studies, but it is still significantly higher than that in the general population. In addition to the risk of melanoma, aesthetic improvement and mental health should also be taken into account when making management decisions.
Comparative Effectiveness of Perioperative Antibiotic Regimens to Prevent Surgical Site Infections in Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kitt Eimear , Stephens-Shields Alisa J , Huang Yuan-shung (Vera) , Bittermann Therese , Fisher Brian T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common complication in liver transplant (LT) recipients. Lack of pediatric prophylaxis guidelines results in variation in preventative antibiotic regimens.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational study of LT recipients &lt;18 years old using a merged data set that included data from the Pediatric Health Information System and the United Network for Organ Sharing between 2006 and 2017. The exposure was defined as the antibiotic(s) received within 24 hours of LT, with 6 categories, ranging from narrow (category 1: cefazolin), to broad). The primary outcome was presence or absence of SSI in the index admission. Mixed-effects logistic regression compared the effectiveness of each category in preventing SSI, relative to category 1.

Results
Of the 2586 LT, 284 (11%) met SSI criteria. The SSI rate was higher in the younger subcohort (16.2%) than in the older (8.6%), necessitating a stratified analysis. Antibiotics from category 5 were most commonly used. In the younger subcohort, the adjusted risk was increased in all categories compared with the reference, most notably in category 3 (odds ratio [OR], 2.58 [95% confidence interval: .69–9.59]) and category 6 (2.76 [.66–11.56]). In the older subcohort, estimated ORs were also increased for each category, most notably in category 4 (2.49 [95% confidence interval: .99–6.27]). None of the ORs suggested benefit from broader-spectrum prophylaxis. Our E-value assessment suggests that it's unlikely there is unmeasured confounding by indication to the degree necessary to revert ORs to protective.

Conclusions
There was wide variation in antibiotic prophylaxis. Adjusted analyses did not reveal a protective benefit of broader-spectrum prophylaxis in either subcohort, suggesting that narrower regimens may be adequate.
Health parameters for wild Carnaby's cockatoo (Zanda latirostris) nestlings in Western Australia: results of a long-term study
Authors: Le Souëf Anna T , Bruce Mieghan , Barbosa Amanda , Shephard Jill M , Mawson Peter R , Dawson Rick , Saunders Denis A , Warren Kristin S 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The collection of baseline health data is an essential component of an endangered species conservation program. As for many wildlife species, there are minimal health data available for wild populations of the endangered Carnaby’s cockatoo (Zanda latirostris). In this study, 426 wild Carnaby’s cockatoo nestlings were sampled from nine breeding sites throughout the range of the species over an 11-year period. In addition to a physical examination, samples were collected to test for hematologic and biochemical parameters, psittacine beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), avian polyomavirus (APV), psittacine adenovirus, psittacine herpesvirus, Chlamydia, disease serology and endoparasites. Environmental sampling was performed to screen for BFDV and APV in nest hollows. Descriptive health data are presented for nestlings of this species, with BFDV, APV and Chlamydia infections reported. Reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical parameters are presented in three age groups, and factors affecting blood analytes and body condition index are discussed. This longitudinal dataset provides insights into health parameters for Carnaby’s cockatoo nestlings and a reference for future monitoring of breeding populations.
New pharmacological agents and novel cardiovascular pharmacotherapy strategies in 2023
Authors: Tamargo Juan , Agewall Stefan , Borghi Claudio , Ceconi Claudio , Cerbai Elisabetta , Dan Gheorghe A , Ferdinandy Péter , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Rocca Bianca , Magavern Emma , Sulzgruber Patrick , Semb Anne Grete , Sossalla Samuel , Niessner Alexander , Kaski Juan Carlos , Dobrev Dobromir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Although cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, their pharmacotherapy remains suboptimal. Thus, there is a clear unmet need to develop more effective and safer pharmacological strategies. In this review, we summarize the most relevant advances in cardiovascular pharmacology in 2023, including the approval of first-in-class drugs that open new avenues for the treatment of atherosclerotic CVD and heart failure (HF). The new indications of drugs already marketed (repurposing) for the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypercholesterolaemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and HF; the impact of polypharmacy on guideline-directed drug use is highlighted as well as results from negative clinical trials. Finally, we end with a summary of the most important phase 2 and 3 clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of cardiovascular drugs under development for the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
The role of primary care attributes in preventing loss or change of usual source of care: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Aoki Takuya , Zukeran Sota , Matsushima Masato 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The existence of a stable usual source of care (USC) is fundamental to the provision of quality health care. However, no longitudinal studies have examined whether core primary care attributes influence the stability of USC status.

Objectives
We aimed to examine the association between primary care attributes (first contact, longitudinality, coordination, comprehensiveness, and community orientation) and the loss or change of USC.

Methods
This nationwide cohort study was conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic using a representative sample of the Japanese adult population aged 40–75 years. The primary outcome measures were loss of USC and voluntary change in USC during the 12-month follow-up period. Primary care attributes were evaluated in the baseline survey using the Japanese version of Primary Care Assessment Tool (JPCAT).

Results
Data were analyzed for 725 participants who had a USC at baseline. Among them, 93 (12.8 %) lost their USC and 46 (6.3%) changed their USC during the follow-up period. Multivariable multinominal logistic regression analyses showed that the JPCAT total score was associated with decreased loss of USC and change in USC. Among the JPCAT domains, longitudinality, comprehensiveness (services available), and community orientation were associated with reductions in both USC loss and change.

Conclusions
Our study indicates that primary care attributes play an important role in preventing the loss or change of USC and contribute to the stability of USC status. These findings provide additional rationale for policymakers, healthcare providers, and managers to seek to strengthen core attributes of primary care.
Enhancement of yellow pigments production via high CaCl2 stress fermentation of Monascus purpureus
Authors: Bai Yuqing , Zhang Wei , Guo Ruonan , Yu Jiyuan , Wang Yurong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs) are a kind of natural ingredient fermented by Monascus spp., which contains three types of pigments: red, orange, and yellow ones. Monascus yellow pigments have a restricted yield and cannot meet industrial application. The method and mechanism of CaCl2 improving yellow pigments production by liquid fermentation of Monascus purpureus M8 were studied in order to overcome the low yield of yellow pigments produced by liquid fermentation. Changes in physiological and biochemical indicators explained the effects of CaCl2 on the production of Monascus yellow pigments from solid fermentation. The intracellular yellow pigments, orange pigments, and red pigments increased by 156.08%, 43.76%, and 42.73%, respectively, with 60 g/l CaCl2 addition to culture medium. The amount of red and orange pigments reduced, while the proportion of yellow pigments increased and the relative peak area of intracellular yellow pigments accounted for a dominant 98.2%, according to thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography analyses. Furthermore, the influence of CaCl2 extended to the modulation of pigments synthesis-related gene expression in M8 strain. This modulation led to a pronounced upregulation in the expression of the yellow pigments synthesis-related gene, mppE, signifying a pivotal role played by CaCl2 in orchestrating the intricate machinery behind yellow pigments biosynthesis.
A Density Management Diagram for Pitch Pine to Illustrate Tradeoffs between Carbon and Wildfire Risk
Authors: Isaacson Bernard N , Zipse William E , Grabosky Jason C 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) can be found across a broad range in eastern North America but assumes local dominance only on poor soils in the northeastern United States. Contemporary management goals in the Northeast for areas dominated by pitch pine are focused on noncommercial benefits of forests, such as carbon density, reduced wildfire risk, habitat for rare species, and water provisioning. We present a density management diagram that empirically articulates the size-density limits of even-aged pitch pine stands. Included in the diagram are wildfire risk and carbon density, which are inversely related for most stand sizes. Maximum possible aboveground live tree carbon begins to decline at a quadratic mean diameter greater than 9 in., while crown fire risk remains high along the size-density limit until a quadratic mean diameter above 12 in. is achieved.Study Implications: Modern silvicultural tools that illustrate forest stand conditions have not been developed for pitch pine, but this species occurs in a region with much public attention on forests. We develop and present a density management diagram to show the interplay of different social goals for the forest and how they relate to the maximum size-density relationship. Pitch pine stands with high levels of aboveground live carbon are at high risk of crown fire, particularly in the smaller size classes.
Phase transition and higher order analysis of Lq regularization under dependence
Authors: Huang Hanwen , Zeng Peng , Yang Qinglong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the problem of estimating a $k$-sparse signal ${\boldsymbol \beta }_{0}\in{\mathbb{R}}^{p}$ from a set of noisy observations $\mathbf{y}\in{\mathbb{R}}^{n}$ under the model $\mathbf{y}=\mathbf{X}{\boldsymbol \beta }+w$, where $\mathbf{X}\in{\mathbb{R}}^{n\times p}$ is the measurement matrix the row of which is drawn from distribution $N(0,{\boldsymbol \varSigma })$. We consider the class of $L_{q}$-regularized least squares (LQLS) given by the formulation $\hat{{\boldsymbol \beta }}(\lambda )=\text{argmin}_{{\boldsymbol \beta }\in{\mathbb{R}}^{p}}\frac{1}{2}\|\mathbf{y}-\mathbf{X}{\boldsymbol \beta }\|^{2}_{2}+\lambda \|{\boldsymbol \beta }\|_{q}^{q}$, where $\|\cdot \|_{q}$ $(0\le q\le 2)$ denotes the $L_{q}$-norm. In the setting $p,n,k\rightarrow \infty $ with fixed $k/p=\epsilon $ and $n/p=\delta $, we derive the asymptotic risk of $\hat{{\boldsymbol \beta }}(\lambda )$ for arbitrary covariance matrix ${\boldsymbol \varSigma }$ that generalizes the existing results for standard Gaussian design, i.e. $X_{ij}\overset{i.i.d}{\sim }N(0,1)$. The results were derived from the non-rigorous replica method. We perform a higher-order analysis for LQLS in the small-error regime in which the first dominant term can be used to determine the phase transition behavior of LQLS. Our results show that the first dominant term does not depend on the covariance structure of ${\boldsymbol \varSigma }$ in the cases $0\le q\lt 1$ and $1\lt q\le 2,$ which indicates that the correlations among predictors only affect the phase transition curve in the case $q=1$ a.k.a. LASSO. To study the influence of the covariance structure of ${\boldsymbol \varSigma }$ on the performance of LQLS in the cases $0\le q\lt 1$ and $1\lt q\le 2$, we derive the explicit formulas for the second dominant term in the expansion of the asymptotic risk in terms of small error. Extensive computational experiments confirm that our analytical predictions are consistent with numerical results.
Are SMART goals fit-for-purpose? Goal planning with mental health service-users in Australian community pharmacies
Authors: Stewart Victoria , McMillan Sara S , Hu Jie , Collins Jack C , El-Den Sarira , O’Reilly Claire L , Wheeler Amanda J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Goal planning is an important element in brief health interventions provided in primary healthcare settings, with specific, measurable, achievable, realistic/relevant, and timed (SMART) goals recommended as best practice. This study examined the use of SMART goals by Australian community pharmacists providing a brief goal-oriented wellbeing intervention with service-users experiencing severe and persistent mental illnesses (SPMIs), in particular, which aspects of SMART goal planning were incorporated into the documented goals. Goal data from the PharMIbridge Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) were used to investigate how community pharmacists operationalized SMART goals, goal quality, and which SMART goal planning format aspects were most utilized. Goals were evaluated using the SMART Goal Evaluation Method (SMART-GEM) tool to determine how closely each documented goal met the SMART criteria. Goals were also categorized into five domains describing their content or purpose. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the SMART-GEM evaluation results, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the evaluation results across the goal domains. All goals (n = 512) co-designed with service-users (n = 156) were classified as poor quality when assessed against the SMART guidelines for goal statements, although most goals contained information regarding a specific behaviour and/or action (71.3% and 86.3%, respectively). Less than 25% of goals identified how goal achievement would be measured, with those related to lifestyle and wellbeing behaviours most likely to include measurement information. Additionally, the majority (93.5%) of goals lacked details regarding monitoring goal progress. Study findings raise questions regarding the applicability of the SMART goal format in brief health interventions provided in primary healthcare settings, particularly for service-users experiencing SPMIs. Further research is recommended to identify which elements of SMART goals are most relevant for brief interventions. Additionally, further investigation is needed regarding the impact of SMART goal training or support tools on goal quality.
Women with ovarian cancer’s information seeking and avoidance behaviors: an interview study
Authors: Chi Yu , Hui Vivian , Kunsak Hannah , Brusilovsky Peter , Donovan Heidi , He Daqing , Lee Young Ji 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Despite the importance of using information for ovarian cancer (OvCa) disease management and decision-making, some women with OvCa do not actively seek out information. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence information seeking behaviors and information avoidance behaviors and information resources among women with OvCa and their caregivers.

Materials and methods
We conducted in-depth interviews with OvCa patients or caregivers of OvCa (n = 20) and employed deductive and inductive coding methodologies for analysis.

Results
Our analysis revealed 5 emerging themes associated with active information seeking behavior, 5 themes of passive information acquisition, and 4 themes of information avoidance behavior. Additionally, we identified participants’ preferred information sources for OvCa management, such as health organization or government operated resources and web-based social groups.

Discussion
To enhance information access, strategies should be developed to motivate people with OvCa to seek rather than avoid information. The study emphasizes the significance of promoting patient–provider communication and leveraging strong social support networks for effective information acquisition.

Conclusion
Our findings provide valuable implications for clinical practice and policymaking, emphasizing the need to improve access to information for individuals with OvCa. By addressing the identified factors influencing information seeking behaviors, healthcare professionals and policymakers can better support patients and caregivers in their information-seeking journey, ultimately enhancing disease management and decision-making outcomes.