bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman spectral signatures of mouse mammary tissue and associated lymph nodes: normal, tumor and mastitis
Authors: Thakur Jagdish S. , Dai Houbei , Serhatkulu Gulay K. , Naik Ratna , Naik Vaman M. , Cao Alex , Pandya Abhilash , Auner Gregory W. , Rabah Rajah , Klein Michael D. , Freeman Carl 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRaman spectroscopy involves the interaction of light with the molecular vibrations and therefore can provide information about molecular structure, tissue composition and changes in its environment. We explored whether Raman spectroscopy can reliably distinguish mammary tumors from normal mammary tissues and other pathological states in mice. We analyzed a large number of Raman spectra from the tumor and normal mammary glands of mice injected with 4T1 tumor cells, which were collected using a high‐resolution (less than 4 cm−1) Raman spectrometer at a fixed (785 nm) laser excitation wavelength and with 60 mW of laser power. The spectra of normal and tumor mammary glands showed consistent differences in the intensity of certain Raman bands and loss of some bands in the tumor spectra. Multivariate statistical methods—principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant functional analysis (DFA)—were used to separate the data into different groups of mammary tumors, mastitis, lymph nodes contralateral and tumor‐cell‐injected sides, and normal contralateral and tumor‐cell‐injected sides. We demonstrate that this spectroscopic technique has the feasibility of discriminating tumor and mastitis from normal tissues and other pathological states in a short period of time and may detect tumor transformation earlier than the standard histological examination stage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of the natural history of adult‐onset acid maltase deficiency by nutrition and exercise therapy
Authors: Slonim Alfred E. , Bulone Linda , Goldberg Teresia , Minikes Jennifer , Slonim Efrat , Galanko Joseph , Martiniuk Frank 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAdult‐onset acid maltase deficiency is an inherited lysosomal skeletal‐muscle disease characterized by progressive myopathy and respiratory failure, for which there is no known therapy. In an uncontrolled, prospective study, we evaluated whether adherence to high‐protein and low‐carbohydrate nutrition and exercise therapy (NET) can slow the progressive deterioration of muscle function in this disease. Thirty‐four patients have been treated with NET for periods of 2–10 years (mean 4.5 ± 2.5). Pre‐NET rate of muscle function deterioration, as measured by the Walton scale, was compared to post‐NET rate. Twenty‐six patients were deemed to be consistently compliant with NET. Difference between pre‐NET slope of muscle function deterioration to that of post‐NET slope in compliant patients was −0.29 (95% CI −0.19, 0.39) (P < 0.0001). We conclude that compliance with NET can slow deterioration of muscle function and improve the natural history of adult‐onset acid maltase deficiency. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Seed deposition of Eragrostis curvula, an invasive alien plant on a river floodplain
Authors: Nakayama Naoki , Nishihiro Jun , Kayaba Yuichi , Muranaka Takashi , Washitani Izumi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that nonbuoyant seeds transported by river water are deposited with mineral sediment particles that have a similar fall velocity through water, we examined the relationship between the size of sediment deposited by a flood and the density of the deposited seeds of a invasive alien plant, Eragrostis curvula. The average estimated fall velocity of the seeds was 2.93 cm/s, and this value was similar to the fall velocity through water of fine sand (about 0.18 mm in size). Most seeds deposited by a flood pulse caused by a typhoon were observed in sites where fine sand and silt had accumulated on the surface. Over the course of two study years, the number of the seeds found in sediment deposited at microsites correlated significantly with the proportion of sediment particles <0.25 mm in size. Our results suggest that floodplain areas where fine sand is deposited by floods have a high risk of invasion by E. curvula.
Random modulation of solitons for the stochastic Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: de Bouard A. , Debussche A. 
Published: October 2006

We study the asymptotic behavior of the solution of a Korteweg–de Vries equation with an additive noise whose amplitude

ɛ

tends to zero. The noise is white in time and correlated in space and the initial state of the solution is a soliton solution of the unperturbed Korteweg–de Vries equation. We prove that up to times of the order of

1/ ɛ^{2}

, the solution decomposes into the sum of a randomly modulated soliton, and a small remainder, and we derive the equations for the modulation parameters. We prove in addition that the first order part of the remainder converges, as

ɛ

tends to zero, to a Gaussian process, which satisfies an additively perturbed linear equation.

Résumé

Nous étudions le comportement asymptotique de la solution d'une équation de Korteweg–de Vries avec un bruit additif dont l'amplitude

ɛ

tend vers

0

. Le bruit est blanc en temps et spatialement corrélé, la donnée initiale est un soliton de l'équation non perturbée. Nous montrons que pour des temps inférieurs à

1/ ɛ^{2}

, la solution se décompose en une onde solitaire aléatoirement modulée et un reste petit. Nous obtenons les équations des paramètres de modulation. Nous montrons également la convergence du terme d'ordre un dans le reste vers un processus gaussien centré vérifiant une équation linéaire bruitée.
Comparative cardiac pathology among deaths due to cocaine toxicity, opioid toxicity and non‐drug‐related causes
Authors: Darke Shane , Kaye Sharlene , Duflou Johan 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTAim To compare cardiac and cerebrovascular pathology among deaths due to cocaine toxicity, deaths due to opioid toxicity and deaths from hanging that were toxicologically negative for cocaine/opioids.Design Case–control.Findings The cocaine group had significantly higher proportions of left ventricular hypertrophy and ischaemic heart disease than either comparison group. Coronary artery atherosclerosis was also detected in significantly higher proportions of cocaine cases than in either comparison group. The cocaine group was more likely than either comparison group to have atherosclerosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery, right coronary artery and circumflex artery. Only in the left anterior descending coronary artery did the cocaine group exhibit higher levels of moderate–severe atherosclerosis. Cocaine cases also had significantly higher levels of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis than either comparison group.Conclusions Levels of cardiac and cerebrovascular pathology were higher among cocaine users than either comparison group. The high levels of cardiac and cerebrovascular pathology seen among cocaine cases do not appear to be artefacts of a drug‐dependent life‐style, but relate specifically to cocaine.
Crack across Canada: comparing crack users and crack non‐users in a Canadian multi‐city cohort of illicit opioid users
Authors: Fischer Benedikt , Rehm Jürgen , Patra Jayadeep , Kalousek Kate , Haydon Emma , Tyndall Mark , El‐Guebaly Nady 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTAims  To examine possible differences between crack users and crack non‐users across Canada.Design  Cohort study of illicit opioid and other drug users in five cities across Canada.Setting  Vancouver, Edmonton, Toronto, Montreal and Quebec City, Canada.Participants  Regular illicit opioid and other street drug users not in treatment at time of assessment.Measurements  Participants (n = 677) were assessed at baseline (2002) by way of an interviewer‐administered questionnaire, a psychiatric diagnostic instrument (Composite International Diagnostic Interview), and salivary antibody tests for infectious disease.Findings  Approximately half the sample had used crack in the past 30 days, although prevalence rates differed strongly between study sites. When examined by discriminant analysis, crack users in the study population were more likely to have: no permanent housing, have illegal and sex work income, indicate physical health problems and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, use walk‐in clinics, use heroin and to have been arrested and in detention (in past year). They were less likely to report depressive symptoms, and use Dilaudid (hydromorphone) and alcohol.Conclusion  These results illustrate crack users' pronounced social marginalization (as expressed by homelessness and high involvement in illegal activities) as well as extensive health problems compared to non‐crack users in the Canadian context. The development of targeted interventions—addressing the dynamics of social marginalization—of this population is urgently needed.
Improvement in glycaemic control with rosiglitazone/metformin fixed‐dose combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes with very poor glycaemic control
Authors: Rosenstock J. , Rood J. , Cobitz A. , Huang C. , Garber A. 
Published: October 2006

Objective:  Traditional first‐line intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes and very poor glycaemic control is insulin therapy or high doses of sulfonylureas if there is no evidence of volume depletion. This study explored the safety and efficacy of open‐label treatment with rosiglitazone and metformin (RSG/MET) fixed‐dose combination therapy (AVANDAMET) in patients with type 2 diabetes with very poor glycaemic control, to better characterize the magnitude of glycated haemoglobin (A1c) reduction after 24 weeks of therapy.Methods:  In this multicentre, open‐label trial, 190 patients with an A1c greater than 11% or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) greater than 15 mmol/l were included after failing to meet glycaemic entry criteria for a primary double‐blind, controlled, randomized study. Unless tolerability issues arose, eligible patients initiated RSG/MET 4 mg/1000 mg fixed‐dose combination therapy and were up‐titrated in increments of 2 mg/500 mg at 4‐week intervals to a daily dose of 8 mg/2000 mg or the maximum tolerated dose. Patients were assessed for efficacy and safety at five visits over a 24‐week period. The primary efficacy end point was change from baseline in A1c at week 24. Secondary efficacy end points included the proportion of patients achieving defined A1c targets, change from baseline to week 24 in FPG and insulin sensitivity.Results:  The majority of patients (78%) completed 24 weeks of open‐label treatment. At week 24, clinically significant mean reduction in A1c from 11.8 to 7.8% (mean reduction, 4.0 ± 2.2%; p < 0.0001) and mean FPG reduction from 16.9 to 9.2 mmol/l (mean reduction, 7.7 ± 4.4 mmol/l; p < 0.0001) were observed. A clinically significant reduction in FPG (5.2 mmol/l) was observed after 4 weeks of treatment with RSG/MET fixed‐dose combination therapy. Despite a high mean baseline A1c of 11.8%, 33% of patients achieved treatment goal of A1c less than or equal to 6.5% at week 24, and 44% achieved an A1c less than 7% at week 24. RSG/MET fixed‐dose combination was well tolerated, with a low incidence of hypoglycaemia (2%) and mean increase in weight from baseline of 2.6 ± 5.2 kg, and few patients withdrew (2.6%) because of an adverse event.Conclusions:  RSG/MET fixed‐dose combination therapy was effective as initial therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and very high levels of A1c and/or FPG, as demonstrated by robust and relatively rapid improvements in glycaemic control. RSG/MET fixed‐dose combination was well tolerated as first‐line therapy with no new tolerability issues identified.
Nitric Oxide and Glutamate Interaction in the Control of Cortical and Hippocampal Excitability
Authors: Ferraro Giuseppe , Montalbano Maria Eva , La Grutta Vittorio 
Published: October 2006

Summary: Purpose: We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) as a new neurotransmitter in the control of excitability of the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex, as well as the possible functional interaction between NO and the glutamate systems. Methods: The experiments were performed on anesthetized rats. The bioelectrical activities of the somatosensory cortex and the CA1 region of the hippocampus of these rats were recorded. Pharmacologic inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) through the nonselective and brain‐selective inhibitors, N‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME) and 7‐nitroindazole (7‐NI), was performed. Results: The treatments caused the appearance of an interictal discharge activity in both the structures. The latency of induction and the duration of the interictal discharge activity were strictly related to the dose of NOS inhibitor used. In some cases, after l‐NAME treatment at high doses, it was possible to note spike and wave afterdischarge activity in the hippocampus. All the NOS inhibitor‐mediated excitatory effects were abolished by intraperitoneal (i.p.) pretreatment with the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists (DL‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid, 2‐APV; dizolcipine, MK‐801) and partly suppressed after the i.p. injection of the non NMDA antagonist (6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione; CNQX). Conclusions: All data showed that the reduction of NO levels in the nervous system causes the functional prevalence of the excitatory neurotransmission, which is probably due to an NMDA overactivity caused by the absence of the NO‐mediated modulatory action. Thus, it is possible to hypothesize a neuro‐protective role for NO, probably through a selective desensitization of the NMDA receptors.
Patients with Epileptic Seizures and Cerebral Lesions Who Underwent Lesionectomy Restricted to or Associated with the Adjacent Irritative Area
Authors: Rassi‐Neto Aziz , Ferraz Fernando P. , Campos Carlos R. , Braga Fernando M. 
Published: October 2006

Summary: Purpose: To analyze the best surgical procedure for patients with epileptic seizures and cerebral lesions—i.e., resection restricted to the lesion or resection associated with the adjacent irritative area—based on the clinical evolution of patients' seizure outcome and electroencephalographic (EEG) and electrocorticographic (ECoG) findings. Methods: This study comprised 37 patients with epileptic seizures and cerebral lesions, ranging in age from 9 to 66 years. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 21 patients with medically intractable epilepsy, Group 2 of 16 patients with medically controlled epilepsy. Eleven of the 21 patients in Group 1 (Subgroup A) underwent surgical resection of the cerebral lesion and adjacent irritative area as shown by ECoG. For the remaining 10 patients in Group 1 (Subgroup B), the resection was restricted to the lesion. The 16 patients in Group 2 all underwent lesionectomies. Results: Of the 11 patients in group 1 who underwent resection of the cerebral lesion and adjacent irritative area, 91% became seizure free. Sixty percent of the remaining patients in group 1 whose resections were restricted to the lesion also became seizure free, as did all the patients in group 2. An overall analysis of the EEGs for all patients showed a statistically significant decrease in paroxysmal activity. Conclusions: In patients with uncontrolled seizures, resection of the cerebral lesion associated with the irritative area shows a tendency to obtain better seizure‐outcome results than restricted lesionectomy.
Study on the Early‐Onset Variant of Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Occipital Paroxysms Otherwise Described as Early‐Onset Benign Occipital Seizure Susceptibility Syndrome
Authors: Oguni Hirokazu , Hayashi Kitami , Imai Kaoru , Hirano Yukiko , Mutoh Ayako , Osawa Makiko 
Published: October 2006

Summary: Purpose: We studied the early‐onset variant of benign childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms (EVBCEOP) proposed by Panayiotopoulos, to confirm whether his five criteria are sufficient to delineate EVBCEOP as a new epileptic syndrome, as well as to predict a good outcome prospectively at the time of the first examination. Subjects: The subjects were 649 children with localization‐related epilepsies (LREs) observed in our hospital for >4 years. Methods: We applied the International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes to the 649 patients and identified patients who had EVBCEOP from among those with nonspecific idiopathic LRE. The inclusion criteria were to satisfy all five criteria and all but one criterion (i.e., either ictal vomiting or occipital EEG paroxysms). We were blind as to the outcomes and selected patients who satisfied the following three of the five criteria at the time of the first examination, (a) normal development before the onset, (b) epilepsy onset age between 2 and 8 years, and (c) occipital EEG foci. We attempted to determine whether the outcome can be predicted prospectively, and whether the presence or absence of ictal vomiting affects the prognosis. Results: We identified 19 patients who satisfied all five criteria, 22 who exhibited all but occipital EEG foci, and 21 who exhibited all but ictal vomiting. The incidence of status convulsivus was higher in those with ictal vomiting than in those without ictal vomiting (p < 0.05). Interictal EEG performed every 6 months showed shifting and multiplication of EEG foci in 42 and 52% of all subjects, respectively. We identified 57 patients, 42 (74%) of whom were in remission by age 12 years. The number of patients who experienced remission did not differ significantly between those with (76%, n = 25) and without (72%, n = 32) ictal vomiting (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Nosologically, EVBCEOP appears to constitute the earliest form of idiopathic epileptic syndrome different from classic BCEOP. However, its clinical spectrum, ranging from the absence of ictal vomiting to a combination of extra‐occipital and multifocal EEG foci, is broad, such that further prospective study is expected to reveal the exact prerequisite criteria for determining the border of this epileptic syndrome and for clarifying the clinical spectrum within this syndrome.
HIGHER PLANT BIOMARKERS IN PALEOGENE CRUDE OILS FROM THE YUFUTSU OIL‐AND GASFIELD AND OFFSHORE WILDCATS, JAPAN
Authors: Yessalina S. , Suzuki N. , Nishita H. , Waseda A. 
Published: October 2006

Geochemical investigation of Paleogene oils from the onshore Yufutsu oil‐ and gasfield, southern Hokkaido, and from two nearby offshore wells, revealed the presence of numerous biomarkers of higher plant origin. Biomarkers in the oils belong to different groups of both angiosperm and gymnosperm origin; they include bicyclic sesquiterpanes, diterpanes, and triterpanes and their aromatized counterparts, which suggests a terrestrial origin for the oils. The oils were characterized as having a high wax content, a low content of organosulphur compounds, a high pristane/phytane ratio, and a low C27/(C27+C29) sterane ratio.Although the oils from on‐ and offshore Southern Hokkaido are similar in their geochemical composition, notable differences were observed in the biomarker signature of both saturate and aromatic fractions. The oils from the offshore wells appeared to have a greater abundance of higher plant biomarkers compared to those from the Yufutsu field, suggesting an enrichment in higher plant components. Differences in biomarker fingerprint could not be linked to the maturity effect, since the oils appeared to be of similar maturity levels, corresponding to the late stage of the oil window (0.9–1.2%, Rc). The differences in the biomarker signatures between the oils from the Yufutsu field and the offshore wells are likely to be due to facies variations in source organic matter, resulting from differences in the quantity and quality of land plant input.
A Homolog of
Bacillus subtilis
Trigger Factor in
Listeria monocytogenes
Is Involved in Stress Tolerance and Bacterial Virulence
Authors: Bigot Armelle , Botton Eleonore , Dubail Iharilalao , Charbit Alain 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Molecular chaperones play an essential role in the folding of nascent chain polypeptides, as well as in the refolding and degradation of misfolded or aggregated proteins. They also assist in protein translocation and participate in stress functions. We identified a gene, designated
tig
, encoding a protein homologous to trigger factor (TF), a cytosolic ribosome-associated chaperone, in the genome of
Listeria monocytogenes
. We constructed a chromosomal Δ
tig
deletion and evaluated the impact of the mutation on bacterial growth in broth under various stress conditions and on pathogenesis. The Δ
tig
deletion did not affect cell viability but impaired survival in the presence of heat and ethanol stresses. We also identified the
ffh
gene, encoding a protein homologous to the SRP54 eukaryotic component of the signal recognition particle. However, a Δ
ffh
deletion was not tolerated, suggesting that Ffh is essential, as it is in
Bacillus subtilis
and
Escherichia coli
. Thus, although dispensable for growth, TF is involved in the stress response of
L. monocytogenes
. The Δ
tig
mutant showed no or very modest intracellular survival defects in eukaryotic cells. However, in vivo it showed a reduced capacity to persist in the spleens and livers of infected mice, revealing that TF has a role in the pathogenicity of
L. monocytogenes
.
Dissimilatory Arsenate and Sulfate Reduction in Sediments of Two Hypersaline, Arsenic-Rich Soda Lakes: Mono and Searles Lakes, California
Authors: Kulp T. R. , Hoeft S. E. , Miller L. G. , Saltikov C. , Murphy J. N. , Han S. , Lanoil B. , Oremland R. S. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

A radioisotope method was devised to study bacterial respiratory reduction of arsenate in sediments. The following two arsenic-rich soda lakes in California were chosen for comparison on the basis of their different salinities: Mono Lake (∼90 g/liter) and Searles Lake (∼340 g/liter). Profiles of arsenate reduction and sulfate reduction were constructed for both lakes. Reduction of [
73
As]arsenate occurred at all depth intervals in the cores from Mono Lake (rate constant [
k
] = 0.103 to 0.04 h
−1
) and Searles Lake (
k
= 0.012 to 0.002 h
−1
), and the highest activities occurred in the top sections of each core. In contrast, [
35
S]sulfate reduction was measurable in Mono Lake (
k
= 7.6 ×10
4
to 3.2 × 10
−6
h
−1
) but not in Searles Lake. Sediment DNA was extracted, PCR amplified, and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to obtain phylogenetic markers (i.e., 16S rRNA genes) and a partial functional gene for dissimilatory arsenate reduction (
arrA
). The amplified
arrA
gene product showed a similar trend in both lakes; the signal was strongest in surface sediments and decreased to undetectable levels deeper in the sediments. More
arrA
gene signal was observed in Mono Lake and was detectable at a greater depth, despite the higher arsenate reduction activity observed in Searles Lake. A partial sequence (about 900 bp) was obtained for a clone (SLAS-3) that matched the dominant DGGE band found in deeper parts of the Searles Lake sample (below 3 cm), and this clone was found to be closely related to SLAS-1, a novel extremophilic arsenate respirer previously cultivated from Searles Lake.