bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosage par Spectrométrie de Fluorescence X Du Nickel, du Zinc, du Rubidium, du Strontium, Du Zirconium Et du Niobium dans Trente Standards Geochimiques
Authors: QUISEFIT J.P. , DE LA BATIE R. DEJEAN , FAUCHERRE J. , MALINGRE G. , LE SAGE R. VIE 
Published: May 2007

Les roahes carbonatées et siliaatées appar‐tiement à un domaine de compositions dans lequel la mesure d'un fond libre d'interférence ou d'une rate diffusée du tube peut permettre à la fois de aorriger les effets de pures absorptions et d'étalonner les fonds sous les raies analytiques. Cette propriété est illustrée sur I'exemple du dosage de 6 éléments en traces dans 30 standards géoahimiques.La méthode proposée permet d'obtenir dans un domaine de concentration de 1 à 2000 ppm des ré‐sultats dont la qualité est à rapprocher de la trés grarde rapidité de rmise en oeuvre.
I Analyse des Minerais de Fer à l'Institut De Recherches de la Sidérurgie Française
Authors: JECKO G. , RAVAINE D. , WITTMANN A. 
Published: May 2007

Après avoir décrit la structure du laboratoire d'analyse de l'IRSID à Maizières‐lès‐Metz, en abordant les éléments dosés par spectrométrie de fluorescence X et l'absorption atomique, les auteurs passent en revue les méthodes chimiques dans le cadre de l'analyse des minerais de fer.Quelques informations sont données sur l'activité au sein de l'ISO/TC 102/SC1 puis le point est fait sur les matériaux de référence certifiés actuellement connus dans le monde.Si le laboratoire comporte comme équipement de base un spectromètre de fluorescence X associéà diverses autres techniques qui devraient peu évoluer dans le futur, il semble qu'à l'avenir une bonne place soit réservée pour les minerais tout comme pour bien d'autres matrices, à la spectrométrie avec torche à plasma inductif.
The H2O+ Contents of Some Geochemical Standards Predicted by a Calibration Line
Authors: SKINNER N. G. , BROWN F. W. , FLANAGAN F. J. 
Published: May 2007

The combined water (H2O+) in 30 geochemical standards having known and unknown water contents was determined by an elemental analyzer on 1 day during each of 6 weeks over a period of several months. The analysis of variance of the data measured in the form of a Youden square shows an extremely significant variation due to some unknown cause during the weeks in which the data were obtained. The higher water contents of the first two sets were obtained in the fall season when this area (Reston, Va.) has high and variable humidity, whereas the last four sets were measured during winter months. Humidity, however, was not included as a variable in the design and was not measured.The first two of three average blanks for H2O+, measured after determining H2O+ contents of about 11 percent for two samples, are noticeably higher than the third average blank. Similarly, the first of two average blanks for H2O+, measured after determining the H2O+ content (4.70 percent) of PCC‐1, is higher than the second. Data for the last 4 weeks were used to calculate the line of regression and the extremely significant correlation coefficient. The line is used to predict suggested revisions of the “best” H2O+ contents of the standards.Coefficients of variation calculated from the data for the last 4 weeks indicate that there is no severe sampling problem due to the small sample size (20 mg) taken for the determinations. The coefficients follow the general trend of large coefficients for samples containing the least amount of the constituent (BHVO‐1: x̄= 11.76% H2O+; C.V. = 7.3%) and of small coefficients for samples containing the greatest amount (BX‐N: x̄= 11.76% H2O+; C.V. = 0.4%).
Comment on “Two New Carbonate Stable Isotope Standards”
Authors: COPLEN Tyler , KENDALL Carol , BARNES I. Lynus 
Published: May 2007

Friedman et al (1) propose that NBS 19 calcium carbonate substitute for PDB. This is in apparent conflict with the recommendation of the September 1976 consultants’ meeting convened by the International Atomic Energy Agency on stable isotope standards. Furthermore, Friedman et al suggest ɛ‐values be adopted for NBS 19 that do not take into account the ɛ‐values of NBS 20 (Solenhofen limestone). We believe that adoption of these proposals may lead to confusion in the stable isotope literature and to lack of correspondence between historic and future isotopic results.In sharp contrast to the results of Friedman et al (1), we find NBS 20 to be a satisfactory reference material if it is handled properly.
Determination of the Rare‐Earth Elements and Yttrium In 37 International Silicate Reference Materials By Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: JARVIS Kym E. , JARVIS Ian 
Published: May 2007

The rare‐earth elements (REE) and yttrium have been determined in 37 international rock and mineral reference materials. Samples were prepared using conventional rock‐dissolution techniques, and the REE and yttrium were separated from the other constituents using cation‐exchange chromatography. The REE (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu) and yttrium were determined simultaneously by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). Results for four well‐characterised USGS standard rocks agree favourably with “recommended” values and with REE determinations made previously by workers using ICP‐AES, isotope dilution mass spectrometry, instrumental neutron activaton analysis and X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry.Les éléments de terres rares (TR) et yttrium ont été dosés dans 37 échantillons internationaux de réféence. Les échantillons ont été décomposés par dissolution acide et les TR séparés par résine échangeuse de cations. Les TR (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu) et yttrium ont été dosés simultanément par la spectrométrie d'émission‐plasma inductif. Les résultats obtenus pour quatre échantillons de référence bien charactérisés de I'USGS se comparent favorablement avec ceux obtenus par la spectrométrie d'émission‐plasma, la dilution isotopique, I'activation neutronique et par la spectrométrie d'é fluorescence‐X.
Boron Contents in Selected International Geochemical Reference Samples
Authors: LEEMAN William P. 
Published: May 2007

Boron concentrations have been measured in fifteen geochemical reference materials using prompt gamma neutron activation analysis. Replicate analyses of these samples provide an indication of the precision of the method under “normal'’analytical conditions over an extended period of time.La teneur en bore a été dosée dans quinze échantillons géochimiques de référence par l'activation neutronique avec “prompt gamma”. L'analyse répétée de ces échantillons démontre, en général, une bonne précision de la méthode en analyse de routine.
Robust Measures and the Estimator Limit
Authors: ABBEY Sydney 
Published: May 2007

A new concept, the Estimator Limit, is proposed as a mean of overcoming discrepanices among the “robust'’measures used in deducing “best values'’from incoherent analytical data on proposed rock reference samples.Un nouveau concept, l'“estimateur limite'’est proposé pour surmonter les inconsistances entre les mesures “robustes'’utilisées pour établir les “meilleures valeurs’à partir de données analytiques incohérentes (obtenues) sur des geostandards proposés.
In-House Growth-Promoting Transport System for
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Sharma Dharmendra , Sethi Sunil , Mehta Swami Das , Sharma Meera 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Eno powder (GlaxoSmithKline), an antacid preparation readily available over the counter, was used instead of a CO
2
generator for the growth of 15 strains of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
obtained from men with urethritis. Due to its easy accessibility and low cost, Eno powder can be useful in developing countries for transporting clinical specimens from resource-poor peripheral labs to reference laboratories.
Abilities of APTIMA, AMPLICOR, and ProbeTec Assays To Detect
Chlamydia trachomatis
and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
in PreservCyt ThinPrep Liquid-Based Pap Samples
Authors: Chernesky M. , Jang D. , Portillo E. , Chong S. , Smieja M. , Luinstra K. , Petrich A. , MacRitchie C. , Ewert R. , Hayhoe B. , Sarabia A. , Thompson F. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Infections with
Chlamydia trachomatis
and
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
are often asymptomatic. Liquid-based Pap (L-Pap) screening may provide samples for testing by commercial assays. Women attending a health clinic or a street youth clinic had a PreservCyt ThinPrep sample and a cervical swab (CS) collected. The L-Pap sample was tested for cytopathology; then 1 ml was transferred to an L-Pap specimen transfer tube for testing by the Gen-Probe APTIMA assays (APTIMA Combo 2 [AC2], APTIMA
C. trachomatis
[ACT], and APTIMA
N. gonorrhoeae
[AGC]). The residual L-Pap sample was tested for
C. trachomatis
and
N. gonorrhoeae
using Roche AMPLICOR (AMP) and Becton Dickinson ProbeTec (PT). The CS was tested by AC2. A patient was considered infected if two specimens were positive or if a single specimen was positive in two tests. The prevalence of infection was 10% (29/290) for
C. trachomatis
and 2.4% (7/290) for
N. gonorrhoeae
. Most of the positive patients had specimens that were reactive in all assays (20/29 for
C. trachomatis
; 6/7 for
N. gonorrhoeae
). Four patients had double infections. The sensitivities and specificities of the various tests for the specimens tested were as follows. For
C. trachomatis
on L-Pap, sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 98.1%, respectively, for ACT, 93.1 and 98.8% for AC2, 86.2 and 91.2% for AMP, and 72.4 and 92.7% for PT. For
N. gonorrhoeae
on L-Pap, sensitivity and specificity were 100% for both AGC and AC2, 85.7 and 100% for AMP, and 85.7 and 100% for PT. For AC2 with CSs, sensitivity and specificity were 93.1 and 98.5%, respectively, for
C. trachomatis
, and both were 100% for
N. gonorrhoeae
. There were significant differences in sensitivity and specificity (
P
< 0.001). The APTIMA assays were more sensitive and specific than AMP or PT for detecting women's
C. trachomatis
and/or
N. gonorrhoeae
infections by testing ThinPrep samples.
Transmission of
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
between a Child and Guinea Pigs
Authors: Cama Vitaliano A. , Pearson Julie , Cabrera Lilia , Pacheco Luz , Gilman Robert , Meyer Sarah , Ortega Ynes , Xiao Lihua 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

An unusual
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
genotype was found in seven guinea pigs and a 2-year-old child in the same household. The genetic uniqueness of the parasite, its wide occurrence in other guinea pigs in the community, and its absence in other children in the community suggest the possibility of zoonotic transmission of the infection to the study child.
Antibody Binding in Proximity to the Receptor/Glycoprotein Complex Leads to a Basal Level of Virus Neutralization
Authors: Yang Xinzhen , Lipchina Inna , Lifton Michelle , Wang Liping , Sodroski Joseph 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTHypothetically, antibodies may neutralize enveloped viruses by diverse mechanisms, such as disruption of receptor binding, interference with conformational changes required for virus entry, steric hindrance, or virus aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that retroviral infection mediated by the avian sarcoma-leukosis virus (ASLV-A) envelope glycoproteins can be neutralized by an antibody directed against a functionally unimportant component of a chimeric receptor protein. Thus, the binding of an antibody in proximity to the retroviral envelope glycoprotein-receptor complex, without binding to the entry machinery itself, results in neutralization. This finding provides additional support for the hypothesis that steric hindrance is sufficient for antibody-mediated neutralization of retroviruses.
Mn
2+
Suppressor Mutations and Biochemical Communication between Ty1 Reverse Transcriptase and RNase H Domains
Authors: Yarrington Robert M. , Chen Jichao , Bolton Eric C. , Boeke Jef D. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Ty1 reverse transcriptase/RNase H (RT/RH) is exquisitely sensitive to manganese concentrations. Elevated intracellular free Mn
2+
inhibits Ty1 retrotransposition and in vitro Ty1 RT-polymerizing activity. Furthermore, Mn
2+
inhibition is not limited to the Ty1 RT, as this ion similarly inhibits the activities of both avian myeloblastosis virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RTs. To further characterize Mn
2+
inhibition, we generated RT/RH suppressor mutants capable of increased Ty1 transposition in
pmr1
Δ cells.
PMR1
codes for a P-type ATPase that regulates intracellular calcium and manganese ion homeostasis, and
pmr1
mutants accumulate elevated intracellular manganese levels and display 100-fold less transposition than
PMR1
+
cells. Mapping of these suppressor mutations revealed, surprisingly, that suppressor point mutations localize not to the RT itself but to the RH domain of the protein. Furthermore, Mn
2+
inhibition of in vitro RT activity is greatly reduced in all the suppressor mutants, whereas RH activity and cleavage specificity remain largely unchanged. These intriguing results reveal that the effect of these suppressor mutations is transmitted to the polymerase domain and suggest biochemical communication between these two domains during reverse transcription.
Characterization of Rift Valley Fever Virus Transcriptional Terminations
Authors: Ikegami Tetsuro , Won Sungyong , Peters C. J. , Makino Shinji 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (genus
Phlebovirus
, family
Bunyaviridae
) has a tripartite negative-strand genome and causes a mosquito-borne disease among humans and livestock in sub-Saharan African and Arabian Peninsula countries. Phlebovirus L, M, and N mRNAs are synthesized from the virus-sense RNA segments, while NSs mRNA is transcribed from the anti-virus-sense S segment. The present study determined the 3′ termini of all RVFV mRNAs. The 3′ termini of N and NSs mRNAs were mapped within the S-segment intergenic region and were complementary to each other by 30 to 60 nucleotides. The termini of M and L mRNAs were mapped within 122 to 107 nucleotides and 16 to 41 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5′ ends of their templates. Viral RNA elements that control phlebovirus transcriptional terminations are largely unknown. Our studies suggested the importance of a pentanucleotide sequence, CGUCG, for N, NSs, and M mRNA transcription terminations. Homopolymeric tracts of C sequences, which were located upstream of the pentanucleotide sequence, promoted N and M mRNA terminations. Likewise, the homopolymeric tracts of G sequences that are found upstream of the pentanucleotide sequence promoted NSs mRNA termination. The L-segment 5′-untranslated region (L-5′ UTR) had neither the pentanucleotide sequence nor homopolymeric sequences, yet replacement of the S-segment intergenic region with the L-5′ UTR exerted N mRNA termination in an infectious virus. The L-5′ UTR contained two 13-nucleotide-long complete complementary sequences, and their sequence complementarities were important for L mRNA termination. A computer-mediated RNA secondary structure analysis further suggested that RNA secondary structures formed by the sections of the two 13-nucleotide-long sequences and by the sequence between them may have a role in L mRNA termination. Our data demonstrated that viral RNA elements that govern L mRNA termination differed from those that regulate mRNA terminations in the M and S segments.
Kinetics ofin vitrobronchoconstriction in an elastolytic mouse model of emphysema
Authors: Khan M. A. , Kianpour S. , Stämpfli M. R. , Janssen L. J. 
Published: May 2007

Thin-slice videomicroscopy was used to examine the kinetics of constriction in small airwaysin situ.Balb/C mice inhaled elastase (0–20 IU), and were then left to recover for 14 days before euthanisation and lung removal. Cholinergic responsiveness was assessed in thin lung slices. Magnitude and velocity of narrowing in response to 10−5 M acetylcholine (ACh), as well as the full concentration–response relationship for ACh (10−8–10−5 M) were assessed.In vivoexposure to elastase was accompanied by statistically significantly decreased magnitudes and velocities of contraction, but no change in the ACh concentration–response relationship. Conversely, overnight,in vitroexposure of slices from control animals to elastase (2.5 μg·mL−1) resulted in increased magnitudes and velocities of airway narrowing, with impaired relaxation, as well as marked tearing of the airways from the surrounding parenchyma. These changes are characteristic of decreased tethering forces on the airway wall.Thus, the lung slice technique coupled with videomicroscopic analysis of airway contraction velocities provides a powerful tool to study airway–parenchymal interactions. The elastolytic model of emphysema, which manifests with airspace enlargement and loss of parenchymal attachments, is accompanied by decreased airway contraction kinetics. The mechanism(s) underlying this loss of function remain to be elucidated.
Suppression of endotoxin-induced inflammation by taxol
Authors: Mirzapoiazova T. , Kolosova I. A. , Moreno L. , Sammani S. , Garcia J. G. N. , Verin A. D. 
Published: May 2007

The pathogenesis of acute lung injury includes transendothelial diapedesis of leukocytes into lung tissues and disruption of endothelial/epithelial barriers leading to protein-rich oedema.In vitrostudies show that the microtubule network plays a role in the regulation of endothelial permeability as well as in neutrophil locomotion. It was hypothesised that the microtubule-stabilising agent, taxol, might attenuate inflammation and vascular leak associated with acute lung injuryin vivo.The effect of intravenously delivered taxol was assessed using a model of murine lung injury induced by intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Parameters of lung injury and inflammation were assessed 18 h after treatment.Intravenously delivered taxol significantly reduced inflammatory histological changes in lung parenchyma and parameters of LPS-induced inflammation: infiltration of proteins and inflammatory cells into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung myeloperoxidase activity, and extravasation of Evans blue-labelled albumin into lung tissue. Taxol alone (in the absence of LPS) had no appreciable effect on these parameters. In addition to lung proteins, intravenous taxol reduced accumulation of leukocytes in ascitic fluid in a model of LPS-induced peritonitis.Taken together, the present data demonstrate that microtubule stabilisation with taxol systemically attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and vascular leak.
Neurocognitive basis of insight in schizophrenia
Authors: Mysore Ashok , Parks Randolph W. , Lee Kwang-Hyuk , Bhaker Rajinder S. , Birkett Paul , Woodruff Peter W. R. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryPeople with schizophrenia have been categorised into three groups: those with full insight (aware, correct attributers); those aware of being unwell, but who misattributed their symptoms (aware, incorrect attributers); and those unaware of being ill (unaware). Cluster analysis of ‘awareness of illness' and ‘relabelling of symptoms' scores on the Schedule for the Assessment of Insight confirmed three distinct subgroups. The unaware group were impaired on executive and memory tests, whereas those in the aware, misattributing group were cognitively intact. Findings support an association between unawareness of illness and executive dysfunction, and highlight the separation of symptom misattribution from unawareness of illness.
Inquest verdicts: youth suicides lost
Authors: Gosney Helen , Hawton Keith 
Published: May 2007

Aims and MethodTo investigate how much reliance on suicide verdicts underestimates probable suicides. All unnatural deaths of those 8–18 years of age in West Yorkshire during a 6-year period were identified from the death register. Deaths which had verdicts other than killed him- or herself and were not obviously accidental were reviewed by a panel of three consultant child and adolescent psychiatrists to determine whether they were probable suicides.ResultsOf 40 deaths reviewed by the panel, 13 were identified as probable suicides, of which 6 had an open verdict, 6 were death by self-hanging classified as misadventure and 1 was an overdose with a verdict of accidental death. These 13 deaths and the 7 with a coroner's verdict of suicide gave a total of 20 probable suicides.Clinical ImplicationsSuicide statistics and targets need to take into account the fact that by current methods a significant proportion of suicides by adolescents will not be included in official figures. This underestimation would have been 65% if only suicides were identified and 35% when open verdicts were combined with suicides. Underestimating the youth suicide rate has consequences for the priority and resources allocated to preventing these deaths, and suicide deaths that are not recognised as such will not be included in relevant research and audit.
Protocol for the assessment of self-harm in young people: initial audit and training implications
Authors: Huline-Dickens Sarah , Adiele Tony 
Published: May 2007

Aims and MethodsThis paper describes the development and initial audit of a protocol for the assessment of young people up to the age of 18 years who presented to the accident and emergency department (A&E) with self-harm. A key part of the project was education and training.ResultsRegular training of senior house officers (SHOs) in A&E may have contributed to an increase in young people being admitted to a bed for proper assessment (as per the protocol), but psychosocial assessments undertaken by SHOs in A&E were still only partial, and there was no apparent use of the mental state examination.Clinical ImplicationsChild and adolescent mental health services have an important role to play in liaising with local A&E departments in training of junior staff in psychosocial assessment and the use of the mental state examination. This is especially relevant in the light of the new training requirements of the foundation years.
Risks and pitfalls for the management of refeeding syndrome in psychiatric patients
Authors: Catani Marco , Howells Roger 
Published: May 2007

Aims and MethodWe present two patients who developed refeeding syndrome following admission to a general psychiatry ward. The practical implications of assessing and managing medical consequences in patients with mental illness who start refeeding after a period of starvation are discussed.ResultsPatients presented with overlapping clinical manifestations of mental illness and refeeding syndrome that were difficult to recognise and manage.Clinical ImplicationsAwareness of refeeding syndrome in patients with mental illness may prevent fatal physical complications.
Irrigation of the wounds in open fractures
Authors: Crowley D. J. , Kanakaris N. K. , Giannoudis P. V. 
Published: May 2007

Modern principles for the treatment of open fractures include stabilisation of the bone and management of the soft tissues. Wound debridement and irrigation is thought to be the mainstay in reducing the incidence of infection. Although numerous studies on animals and humans have focused on the type of irrigation performed, little is known of the factors which influence irrigation. This paper evaluates the evidence, particularly with regard to additives and the mode of delivery of irrigation fluid. Normal saline should be used and although many antiseptics and antibiotics have been employed, no consensus has been reached as to the ideal additive. Despite the advocates of high-pressure methods highlighting the improved dilutional ability of such techniques, the results are inconclusive and these irrigation systems are not without complications. New systems for debridement are currently being investigated, and an ideal method has yet to be determined.