bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency analysis of irrigation ditches over different land uses in the Andean region of Ecuador: implication for nature-based water management strategies
Authors: Matovelle Carlos , Mudarra Matías , Andreo Bartolomé 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human pressures and global change are threatening water resources. Circumstances vary in each location; therefore, finding solutions that address local issues helps achieve comprehensive water management strategies. In the Andean basins, the pre-Inca cultures used nature-based water management techniques to deal with the dry seasons. This knowledge and these techniques have been recognized as a strategy to increase water security. Additionally, they have been unconsciously applied to improve hydrological conditions in areas affected by extreme land-use changes. Water sowing and harvesting techniques have been used to manage territories dedicated to livestock and agriculture. This research evaluates three traditional infiltration ditch systems on two types of land use (páramo and cultivated pastures) in the Andean region of Azuay (Ecuador). The objective was to establish the potential for better management of water resources in dry seasons. Eosin-traced water diverted through channels or ditches, infiltrated into the soil, was retained for an average of 31 days in the páramo soil and from 90 to 111 days in the cultivated pasture soil. Controlled water infiltration contributes to effective water management by retaining water in the soil for extended periods. We conclude that nature-based systems perform better on soils with higher water retention capacity. These techniques are suitable for managing water in areas where land changes have reduced water storage potential.
The effect of gas and liquid phase composition on miscibility through interfacial tension measurements of model oils in compressed CO2
Authors: Ahmadyar Sonya , Samara Hanin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection is a promising strategy for reducing CO2 emissions while enhancing oil recovery. Efficient hydrocarbon displacement requires accurate knowledge of Interfacial Tension (IFT) and Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP). This study focuses on investigating the IFT and MMP using the pendant drop along with the vanishing interfacial tension (VIT) method in binary systems comprising CO2 + n-Decane, CO2 + n-Hexadecane, and ternary systems of CO2 + (n-Decane + n-Hexadecane) at 313.15 K and 333.15 K as a function of pressure. Furthermore, a novel adaptation of the pendant drop method is presented to investigate the influence of n-Decane concentration in the gas phase on the IFT and MMP of CO2 + n-Hexadecane and of CO2 + (n-Decane + n-Hexadecane) systems. The density of the respective CO2-saturated alkanes is measured and reported at conditions relevant to the work. The pressure has an inverse relation with IFT, while the influence of temperature depends on the pressure range investigated, and higher MMP is obtained at higher temperatures. Moreover, the molecular weight of the hydrocarbon phase correlates positively with IFT and MMP. The MMP of CO2 + n-Decane, CO2 + (n-Decane + n-Hexadecane) and CO2 + n-Hexadecane systems is 8.7, 9.3 and 13.4 MPa at 313 K, and 10.6, 12.3 and 17.3 MPa at 333 K, respectively. Lastly, the enrichment of the CO2 phase with n-Decane results in further IFT reduction and consequently a lower MMP is obtained for CO2 + (n-Decane + n-Hexadecane) and CO2 + n-Hexadecane systems which is favourable for enhancing the efficiency of processes pertaining CO2-enhanced oil recovery.
Applicable and generalizable machine learning for intelligent welding in automotive manufacturing
Authors: Wang Peng Edward , Ghassemi-Armaki Hassan , Pour Masoud , Zhao Xijia , Ma Junjie , Sattari Kianoosh , Carlson Blair 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This review paper examines the application and challenges of machine learning (ML) in intelligent welding processes within the automotive industry, focusing on resistance spot welding (RSW) and laser welding. RSW is predominant in body-in-white assembly, while laser welding is critical for electric vehicle battery packs due to its precision and compatibility with dissimilar materials. The paper categorizes ML applications into three key areas: sensing, in-process decision-making, and post-process optimization. It reviews supervised learning models for defect detection and weld quality prediction, unsupervised learning for feature extraction and data clustering, and emerging generalizable ML approaches like transfer learning and federated learning that enhance adaptability across different manufacturing conditions. Additionally, the paper highlights the limitations of current ML models, particularly regarding generalizability when moving from lab environments to real-world production, and discusses the importance of adaptive learning techniques to address dynamically changing conditions. Case studies like virtual sensing, defect detection in RSW, and optimization in laser welding illustrate practical applications. The paper concludes by identifying future research directions to improve ML adaptability and robustness in high-variability manufacturing environments, aiming to bridge the gap between experimental ML models and real-world implementation in automotive welding.
Sub-Nyquist Harmonic Current Component Extraction using Band Pass Filters for NILM
Authors: Jung Guyeop , Kim Geun Young , Ahn Sung-Hoon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As environmental issues emerge, interest in monitoring power consumption is increasing, and Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) has gained attention as a method for this. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have improved the performance of NILM systems in terms of accuracy and inference time. However, due to insufficient research on data acquisition methods, the practicality of implementing these systems remains limited. This study focuses on the development of an IoT-based edge device acquiring current harmonic component with sub-Nyquist sampling using a Band Pass Filter (BPF) approach. The primary objective is to extract high-frequency harmonic components from AC power signals at sampling rates lower than traditionally required rate, addressed by the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. To validate the effectiveness of the collected current harmonic components, an SVM algorithm was embedded into the device to perform a simple classification task. The device achieved 100% accuracy with an inference time of 584 ms. This innovative approach enables simultaneous multi-channel monitoring using a single low-performance NILM device. This contributes to reducing the costs associated with energy monitoring while enhancing the scalability of energy management points.
Soil Characteristics Rather Than Microbial Inoculation Determines The Effects Of Alternative Phosphorus-Fertilizers On Ryegrass Yield And The Soil Microbial Community
Authors: García-Díaz Celia , Siles José A. , Bastida Felipe , Moreno José Luis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With global phosphate rock resources declining for conventional fertilizers, there is growing interest in exploring alternative, more sustainable materials to enhance soil fertility and crop yield production. Additionally, leveraging microorganisms to improve phosphorus (P) availability in soils is an appealing approach for sustainable agriculture. This study evaluates the effects of different P-rich materials, including struvite (STRU), meat and bone meal (MBM), and phosphate rock (PR), combined with a microbial consortium with P-solubilizing and plant growth-promoting capabilities, on P availability and plant growth in two soils with contrasting physicochemical properties. To achieve these goals, a pot experiment was conducted to assess P content in soil, ryegrass, and microbial biomass, along with microbial enzyme activity and community composition using microbial fatty acid analysis. The experiment involved two soils with contrasting characteristics, amended with conventional monoammonium phosphate (CHEM), STRU, MBM, and PR, with or without microbial inoculation. Soil characteristics and the type of P fertilizer significantly influenced P availability, ryegrass uptake, and plant yield. Microbial inoculation did not increase soil P or ryegrass yield. Fatty acid analysis showed microbial community changes with soil characteristics and fertilizer. Struvite performed similarly to CHEM, while MBM was less effective than struvite but better than PR as a P fertilizer. Our study found that soil characteristics and the type of phosphate fertilizer affected soil P dynamics in the soil–plant system. Recycled P-based fertilizers offer sustainable alternatives to synthetic ones, potentially alleviating agricultural challenges.
Comparison of the Perlite, Leonardite, Vermicompost and Peat Moss and Their Combinations with Cocopeat as Tomato Growing Media
Authors: Erdal İbrahim , Aktaş Hakan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Study was aimed to compare the effects of individual usage of substrates perlite, leonardite, vermicompost, and peat moos alone and their mixtures with cocopeat on the growth, yield and mineral nutrition of tomato. Each substrate was used as a control in itself, and they mixed with cocopeat at the rate of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 (V/V) and thus 17 growing media (GM) were obtained. The seedlings of tomato were planted in 7 l GM containing pots then watered during the first week, then drip-irrigated with nutrient solution. The research was arranged as a four-replication greenhouse experiment. The amount of the applied nutrient solution was adjusted manually until 10–30% leaching ratio. The highest biomass was recorded from the plants grown in solely peat moss and 1/2 cocopeat/peat moss medium, on the other hand plants grown in solely leonardite had the lowest vegetative biomass. The highest fruit yields were obtained from plants grown in solely peat, the lowest yield was recorded from the plant grown in vermicompost. In general, vermicompost and cocopeat + vermicompost mixtures were the most effective media on the leaf and fruit nutrient concentrations of tomatoes, but it was observed that this affected vegetative growth rather than fruit yield. In conclusion, it can be said that the most effective individual substrate on the growth and fruit yield was peat moss. On the other hand, it was seen that substrates such as vermicompost and leonardite, which do not give successful results when used alone, become more usable media when mixed with cocopoeat.
Leveraging augmented reality in education involving new pedagogies with emerging societal relevance
Authors: Mirza Tabasum , Dutta Rubina , Tuli Neha , Mantri Archana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent innovations and development in educational technologies have revolutionized the methods and tools used for teaching and learning. Among these innovative technologies augmented reality is emerging as a promising educational technology that can be used by teachers in classrooms. Augmented Reality (AR) has gained popularity in education because of its positive impact on learner motivation, situational interest and memory retention. AR provides authentic learning opportunities to students by allowing three-dimensional interaction with the digital elements overlaid in their natural environment. This study aims at identifying different challenges and issues in existing AR applications from the pedagogical point of view with the help of literature review and teacher survey. In the present study two research questions have been designed as: to analyze various challenges and issues in integration of augmented reality technology for education. To identify pedagogical issues in use of augmented reality technology. The main goal of this study was to examine this relationship using two core operational issues: identifying pedagogical concerns in the usage of augmented reality and examining the advantages and difficulties of integrating augmented reality technology for education. About 24.3% of teachers use mobile applications based on augmented reality to teach. The percentage of teachers that use mobile applications for teaching is only 27.2%, while 72.8% do not use them. The findings can help researchers and developers in understanding the pedagogical issues that should be considered for design and development of AR applications in order to achieve learning outcomes effectively.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
Design for operator contestability: control over autonomous systems by introducing defeaters
Authors: Veluwenkamp Herman , Buijsman Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces the concept of Operator Contestability in AI systems: the principle that those overseeing AI systems (operators) must have the necessary control to be accountable for the decisions made by these algorithms. We argue that designers have a duty to ensure operator contestability. We demonstrate how this duty can be fulfilled by applying the'Design for Defeaters' framework, which provides strategies to embed tools within AI systems that enable operators to challenge decisions. Defeaters are designed to contest either the justification for the AI’s data inputs (undercutting defeaters) or the validity of the conclusions drawn from that data (rebutting defeaters). To illustrate the necessity and application of this framework, we examine case studies such as AI-driven recruitment processes, where operators need tools and authority to uncover and address potential biases, and autonomous driving systems, where real-time decision-making is crucial. The paper argues that operator contestability requires ensuring that operators have (1) epistemic access to the relevant normative reasons and (2) the authority and cognitive capacity to act on these defeaters. By addressing these challenges, the paper emphasizes the importance of designing AI systems in a way that enables operators to effectively contest AI decisions, thereby ensuring that the appropriate individuals can take responsibility for the outcomes of human-AI interactions.
Hydrochemical assessment of borehole water in Effurun, Delta state Niger Delta, Nigeria: implications for public health and safety
Authors: Ojo Odunayo Tope , Ike Chiaka Joy , Aladeboyeje Adegoke Ige , Olaseeni Olayiwola Grace , Adewumi Olumuyiwa Femi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Borehole water plays a critical role in providing drinking water in Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria. However, concerns about potential contamination from both natural and anthropogenic sources necessitate regular groundwater quality assessments. This study evaluates the hydrochemical properties of borehole water to ensure public health safety and to understand the groundwater's suitability for consumption. The aim of this study is to assess the quality of borehole water in Effurun by analyzing major ions, trace metals, and other hydrochemical parameters, and to compare the findings with WHO and NSDWQ drinking water standards. Ten borehole water samples were collected from various locations across Effurun. Hydrochemical analyses were conducted to measure cations (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium), anions (chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate, nitrate), and trace metals (lead, copper, zinc, manganese). Statistical analysis and spatial mapping were employed to evaluate the distribution of ion concentrations and identify areas of concern. Calcium levels in the boreholes ranged from 29.95 mg/L to 64.50 mg/L, while magnesium levels were more consistent, ranging between 9.50 mg/L and 14.20 mg/L. Sodium and potassium showed moderate correlations with calcium. Chloride levels varied widely, indicating potential contamination from seawater intrusion or industrial discharge. Elevated sulfate and nitrate concentrations pointed to agricultural runoff. Trace metals, particularly lead, exceeded safety limits, with lead concentrations ranging from 0.092 mg/L to 0.127 mg/L, posing significant health risks. Spatial analysis revealed varying ion concentrations across Effurun, with higher calcium and magnesium levels near water bodies, suggesting local geology's influence. The central area exhibited moderate ion concentrations, while the southeastern region had the highest calcium levels, possibly due to geological formations rich in calcium or human activities. The study highlights diverse hydrochemical characteristics of Effurun's borehole water, with some areas showing contamination beyond acceptable limits. Regular monitoring is essential to ensure safe drinking water and address potential health risks. The findings stress the need for improved water resource management and contamination control. This study provides a comprehensive spatial analysis of groundwater quality in Effurun, identifying specific areas at risk of contamination and offering data-driven recommendations for public health and sustainable water management.
A characterisation of higher torsion classes
Authors: August Jenny , Haugland Johanne , Jacobsen Karin M. , Kvamme Sondre , Palu Yann , Treffinger Hipolito 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLet
$\mathcal {A}$
be an abelian length category containing a d-cluster tilting subcategory
$\mathcal {M}$
. We prove that a subcategory of
$\mathcal {M}$
is a d-torsion class if and only if it is closed under d-extensions and d-quotients. This generalises an important result for classical torsion classes. As an application, we prove that the d-torsion classes in
$\mathcal {M}$
form a complete lattice. Moreover, we use the characterisation to classify the d-torsion classes associated to higher Auslander algebras of type
$\mathbb {A}$
, and give an algorithm to compute them explicitly. The classification is furthermore extended to the setup of higher Nakayama algebras.
Legacy Effects and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Linaria vulgaris Invasion in Colorado and Illinois, USA
Authors: Novak Logan , Mueller Gregory M. , Egerton-Warburton Louise M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Invasive plants’ ability to extend their range depends upon their local environment and both positive and negative interactions with native species. Interactions between invasive and native plants may be indirectly linked to the soil fungal community, which may enhance or suppress invasion through mutualism or parasitism. Many invasive plants preferentially select fungal communities or change soil chemistry to gain a competitive advantage, and such changes can remain even after the invader is removed, known as legacy effects. Linaria vulgaris is an invasive forb that is aggressive in the Western U.S. but is non-aggressive in the Midwestern U.S. We evaluated the relationship between soil abiotic properties, nitrogen (N) enrichment, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community composition and L. vulgaris invasion in aggressive (CO) and non-aggressive (IL) populations. We collected soil from uninvaded and invaded sites in Gothic, CO, and near Chicago, IL, and sequenced AMF community composition in each site. Using the same soil, we grew L. vulgaris and native species for 120 days, with half of pots receiving N-fertilization, and harvested biomass. We also injected a 15N-labelled tracer in pots and analyzed plant tissue for 15N enrichment and N uptake rates (NUR). In CO soil, L. vulgaris rhizomes sprouted more in invaded soil, whereas in IL soil, L. vulgaris only sprouted in uninvaded soil. N-fertilization had no impact on biomass and NUR did not differ significantly between any treatment. AMF communities differed between the two sites but were not significantly influenced by invasion history. Our results suggest that L. vulgaris leaves legacy effects, but that these effects are different between aggressive and non-aggressive populations. Legacy effects may facilitate reinvasion in CO, but we did not find conclusive evidence of legacy effects in IL, and differences between the sites could be shaped by endemic AMF communities.
Evaluation of elevated band height for basal bark triclopyr applications to Schinus terebinthifolia
Authors: Oberweger Conrad A. , Enloe Stephen F. , Wilson Christopher P. , Prince Candice M. , Sperry Benjamin P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Basal bark application involves applying an oil-soluble herbicide in an oil carrier to the lower 0 to 45-cm of woody stems. For triclopyr, basal bark application typically requires the butoxyethyl ester formulation; however, this cannot be applied when standing water is present, which is common in seasonally flooded wetlands. Recently, the intermediate oil and water-soluble triclopyr acid formulation was registered for use in aquatic sites, allowing for basal bark applications in wetlands where standing water is present. Recent studies indicated that flooding after basal bark treatment can result in triclopyr release to surface waters and subsequent non-target injury. Elevated band application height (i.e., treating a higher band on each stem) may reduce non-target injury potential; however, this modified application technique has not been well tested on woody invasive species. To evaluate this approach, a field study on Schinus terebinthifolia was conducted near Melbourne and Wimauma, FL on well-established and juvenile rootstocks. Treatments included triclopyr acid at 17, 34, and 69 g L-1 applied in an oil carrier and treatment band heights of 0 to 45-cm and 61 to 107-cm from the ground line. At Melbourne, both band heights treated with 34 or 69 g L-1 resulted in 75 to 100% mortality of mature rootstocks. However, triclopyr applied at 17 g L-1 to the low and elevated band heights resulted in 70 and 11% mortality, respectively. All treatments resulted in 90 to 100% mortality at Wimauma, where the rootstocks were juvenile and much smaller. These findings indicate elevated band heights may be a useful approach for woody plant control and may support an effective management strategy in inundated wetlands that provides better prevention of non-target injury.
Tailoring Narratives on War in Ukraine: Cross-national Study of Sputnik News
Authors: Burda Robin , Bundzíková Veronika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The article analyses how Russian state-controlled media adapt narratives across their language versions to speak to specific national audiences. These media support the Kremlin by echoing its strategic narratives in the international arena. Our article stems from the assumption that the media tailor the narratives and do not deliver homogenous news. Texts published since the initial days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine were analyzed from Sputnik Czech Republic, Germany, and Sputnik World, known to spread the Russian regime’s propaganda. The central question was how the Russian regime depicted and explained the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 in the chosen languages. Qualitative coding based on a predefined codebook, modified with codes inductively acquired during the analysis, was used to deeply understand strategic narratives and identify key differences among the Russian regime’s influence campaigns in various national contexts. Some narratives were found to differ based on the national contexts, strengthening the initial assumption. However, analyzed texts also consistently depict Russia as a victim and the West as a threat across the language versions.