bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of B19 parvovirus in human fetal tissues by in situ hybridisation
Authors: Nascimento J. P. , Hallam N. F. , Mori J. , Field Anne M. , Clewley J. P. , Brown K. E. , Cohen B. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEvidence of B19 parvovirus infection was sought by in situ hybridisation with biotinylated probes in 65 tissue samples from 32 pregnancies (fetuses, products of conception and/or placentas). Twenty‐seven samples were reactive and the results were confirmed by other methods for B19 virus detection in 22 cases. The other methods used were in situ hybridisation with 3H and 35S labelled probes; dot‐blot hybridisation with biotin and 32P labelled probes; polymerase chain reaction assay; negative stain and thin section electron microscopy; and radioimmunoassay for B19 antigen. The five false positive results by in situ hybridisation with biotinylated probes were considered to be due to non‐specific biotin capture and were more frequent with unfixed samples than with formalin fixed material. It was concluded that while biotinylated probes offered advantages over radioactive probes for detecting B19 DNA by in situ hybridisation, positive findings should be confirmed by other methods.
Restriction site mapping of four genome types of adenovirus types 3 and 7 isolated in South America
Authors: Niel C. , Moraes M. T. B. , Mistchenko A. S. , Leite J. P. G. , Gomes S. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNew genome types of Ad3 and Ad7 were found among adenovirus (Ad) strains isolated from stools of children during epidemiological surveys made in Säo Paulo, Brazil, and Buenos Aires, Argentina. These were characterized by DNA analysis with 11 restriction endonucleases and showed a number of new restriction patterns, notably for BamHI, BcII, BgIII, HindIII, Kpnl, and Smal. Restriction maps of the genome types, named Ad3e1, Ad3e2, Ad3h, and Ad7h, were constructed and compared with those of Ad3p and Ad7p.
A prospective study of post‐transfusion non‐A, non‐B (type C) hepatitis following cardiovascular surgery in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Shou‐Dong , Tsai Yang‐Te , Hwang Shinn‐Jang , Wu Jaw‐Ching , Yung Chien‐Hui , Cheng Kwok‐Kei , Lo Kwang‐Juei 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to investigate the incidence and clinical course of non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis following blood transfusion in Taiwan, 288 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery and received blood transfusion were followed prospectively with serum liver aminotransferase levels and viral hepatitis markers for at least six months. None had any past history of liver disease or drug abuse. All blood donors were tested for serum hepatitis B surface antigen and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (>45U/L). Thirtyseven (12.8%) patients developed PTH. 34 (91.9%) were considered to be cases of NANB hepatitis, 2 (5.4%) were cytomegalovirus hepatitis, and one (2.7%) was caused by Epstein‐Barr virus. No one developed hepatitis B post‐transfusion hepatitis (PTH). Of the 34 NANB PTH patients, 15 (44.1%) were asymptomatic, 16 (47.1%) had clinical symptoms, and 9 (26.5%) had serum total bilirubin levels higher than 2 mg/dl. There was no case of fulminant hepatic failure. Of 26 NANB PTH patients who were followed up for more than one year, 15 (57.7%) still had abnormal serum ALT levels. The incubation period of NANB PTH ranged from 2 to 16 (mean 6.1 ±3.2) weeks. Of the 37 PTH patients, 32 (86.5%) were found to have anti‐HCV seroconversion during one year follow‐up period. NANB PTH is as common in Taiwan as in the United States and Japan, and is demonstrated by this study to be due mostly to HCV.
Characterization of immune complexes containing cytomegalovirus‐specific IgM antibodies following a kidney graft
Authors: Basson Jérôme , Tardy Jean‐Claude , Aymard Michèle 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to demonstrate the viral specificity of IgM‐containing immune complexes (IgM‐CIC) detected by a C1q assay in renal allograft recipients developing a CMV infection, a technique is described allowing: (1) the dissociation of IgM‐CIC by action of an acid buffer, and (2) the characterization of the viral specificity of IgM antibodies released by this treatment. This step was performed by ELISA and Western Blot.When technique was applied to the follow‐up of a renal allograft recipient developing a recurrent CMV infection within 2 months post‐graft, it was found that the IgM‐CIC detected on the day of the graft were not CMV‐specific, whereas the IgM‐CIC detected during the second month after transplantation contained CMV‐specific IgM antibodies. These CMV‐specific IgM‐CIC were detected as early as the urinary viral excretion.It was shown by Western Blot analysis that these IgM antibodies reacted with a 45–47 kDa viral polypeptide which is a viral target for specific humoral response at the early phase of CMV infection.
Characterisation of a linear binding site for a monoclonal antibody to hepatitis B core antigen
Authors: Sällberg Matti , Rudén Ulla , Magnius Lars O. , Harthus Hans P. , Noah Michael , Wahren Britta 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe complete amino acid (aa) sequence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (HBcAg), ayw subtype, was synthesized as decapeptides with five overlapping aas. The peptides were tested for reactivity with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to HBcAg (35/312, 37/275, and 7/275). All the mAbs specifically inhibited human anti‐HBc by cross competition in assays for anti‐HBc and anti‐HBe.The mAb 35/312 recognised a peptide covering residues 76–85 of the HBcAg sequence. The other two mAbs did not react specifically with any linear peptide, suggesting discontinuous epitopes for these mAbs. The linear sequence EDPASR at residues 77–82 was found to constitute the epitope for mAb 35/312 when fine mapping the binding site. The most essential aas for mAb 35/312 were found to be the DP at residues 79–80, when peptides were synthesized where the aas at 77–83, were substituted by the other 19 aas. Since the mAb 35/312 inhibits the binding of human anti‐HBc positive sera, which are known to recognise an SDS labile epitope, the sequence 77–82 might be a part of a larger discontinuous epitope. Alternatively the mAb 35/312 blocks the binding of human anti‐HBc by steric hindrance.
Cytotoxicity and cytoadherence of human and murine polymorphonuelear leukocytes against Junin Virus infected targets in the absence of anti‐viral antibody and complement
Authors: Portiansky Enrique Leo , González Pedro Horacio , Laguens Rubén Pedro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman and murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) lysed L cells infected with Junin Virus (JV) in an in vitro system free of antiviral antibody and complement. Infected VERO cells proved to be resistant to the cytolytic effect. Murine PMN showed an increased adherence on JV‐infected L cells but did not attach to VERO cells. The opposite was observed with human PMN, which did adhere to infected VERO cells but not to infected L cells. These results indicate that PMN activity may be an early mechanism of defense in JV infection by lysing virus‐infected cells when no immune response has been established, and that cytoadherence is not a necessary step for target lysis.
Significance of IgM anti‐hepatitis D virus (HDV) in chronic HDV infection
Authors: Lau Johnson Y. N. , Smith Heather M. , Chaggar Kanchan , Hansen Lucy J. , Portmann Bernard C. , Alexander Graeme J. M. , Williams Roger 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntrahepatic hepatitis D virus (HDV) antigen (HDAg) and serum HDV RNA are excellent markers of active HDV replication but the relation of IgM anti‐HDV to HDV replication and histological activity is less certain. To further elucidate the significance of serum IgM anti‐HDV, 90 paired sera and liver biopsies from 64 patients sero‐positive for total antibody to HDV were analysed for IgM anti‐HDV, intrahepatic HDAg expression, and histological inflammatory activity. IgM anti‐HDV was strongly associated with intrahepatic HDAg expression with a sensitivity of 94.1% but the assay lacked specificity since 14 out of 22 cases negative for intrahepatic HDAg were also positive for IgM anti‐HDV. In 20 patients in whom follow‐up biopsies and paired sera were available, two patients lost intrahepatic HDAg but paired serum remained IgM anti‐HDV positive. Although the presence of serum IgM anti‐HDV correlated significantly with a higher histological inflammatory activity (P = 0.001), there was a considerable overlap with the group seronegative for IgM anti‐HDV, again indicating a poor specificity. This lack of specificity of IgM anti‐HDV for both HDV replication and histological activity indicates that this assay provides no additional information over and above assay for total antibody to HDV.
Reinfection of mice with respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Graham Barney S. , Bunion Lori A. , Wright Peter F. , Karzon David T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA BALB/c model of respiratory syncytial virus infection has been developed in which hightitered replication occurs in lung, immunological infiltrates in lung can be detected histologically, and illness can be consistently reproduced. The immunodeterminants of RSV reinfection in this system were investigated by rechallenging mice with RSV early (less than 2 months after primary infection) and late (16 to 21 months after primary infection) and correlating illness and titer of RSV isolated from lungs and noses with RSV‐specific serological responses and lung histology. After early rechallenge, RSV was cleared within 24 hours from both nose and lung. After late rechallenge, RSV was isolated at 72 hours from nose in 21/24 mice, but from lung in only 5/24 mice. Isolation of RSV from lung after rechallenge was associated with low RSV‐specific antibody titers measured by ELISA and plaque‐reduction neutralization. The presence of lymphocyte aggregates around the bronchovascular bundles was associated with inability to isolate RSV from lung and lack of illness. The basophilic lymphocytes were small and uniform in size with dense nuclei and a small amount of cytoplasm. These studies demonstrate that nasal and pulmonary reinfection with RSV is possible in mice after late rechallenge. The studies also indicate the potential importance of RSV‐specific antibody in protecting lung from reinfection.
HIV reverse transcriptase inhibiting antibodies detected by a new technique: Relation to p24 and gp41 antibodies, HIV antigenemia and clinical variables
Authors: Neumüller Magnus , Karlsson Anders , Lennerstrand Johan , Källander Clas F. R. , Holmberg Viveca , Långström‐Persson Ulla , Thorstensson Rigmor , Sandström Erik , Gronowitz J. Simon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new assay for HIV reverse transcriptase activity inhibiting antibodies (RTI‐ab) was used for the analysis of a large collection of sera sampled before and after confirmation of HIV infection. In this assay HIV‐RT was preincubated with diluted serum, after which residual RT activity was determined by a technique using a template coupled to macrobeads and125l‐lodo‐deoxyuridine‐triphosphate as the tracer‐substrate. Of the 936 sera analysed, 818 were found positive for RTI‐ab, and 824 were positive in Western blot (Wb). The prevalence of RTI‐ab compared to Wb was therefore 99.3%. The corresponding figure for 930 sera analysed for envelope‐ab, i.e., gp41‐ab, was 823 positive, and of these 930 sera 815 were Wb positive, giving a comparative prevalence of 101%. In contrast, only 678 samples of 993 analyzed for core ab, i.e., p24, were positive, giving a prevalence of 77.0% as 880 of these samples were Wb positive. Thus, RTI‐ab was as prevalent as gp41‐ab, and although the analyses of RTI‐ab amounts in different stages showed decreasing levels in stage IV compared to stages II or III, all of the sera except 1 were found positive in stages III and IV. Further, it was found that both the few RTI‐ab negative samples in stage II and the few RTI‐ab positive samples among Wb negative sera were sampled in connection with seroconversion. The specificity of the RTI‐ab assay was 100% in a test of 200 serum samples from HIV negative blood donors. It was concluded that RTI‐ab analyses can be made highly sensitive and specific and useful for studies of HIV infection.
Prevalence of hepatitis C in tropical communities: The importance of confirmatory assays
Authors: Tibbs C. J. , Palmer S. J. , Coker R. , Clark S. K. , Parsons G. M. , Hojvat S. , Peterson D. , Banatvala J. E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) was estimated in 3 tropical populations using 2 screening ELlSAs to detect antibody to the c100‐3 antigen and 2 supplementary assays designed to test the specificity of these tests. Two hundred and eighty‐six of 385 (74.2%) sera from Kiribati, 17 of 138 (12.3%) sera from Vanuatu, and 39 of 173 (22.5%) sera from Zaire were reactive in the initial screening assay. The proportion of reactive sera which were also reactive in the second screening ELISA varied between populations (55.1% in Kiribati, 85.1% in Vanuatu, and 39.2% from Zaire). Reactive sera were selected at random for confirmatory testing. Only 3 of 49 (6.12%) of sera from Kiribati and 1 of 14 (4.76%) of sera from Vanuatu positive in the initial ELISA were reactive in the confirmatory assays. The proportion of confirmed positive sera from Zaire was higher 8 of 28 (28.5%). Based on the results of these supplementary assays the estimated prevalence of anti‐HCV in these populations is 4.8% in Kiribati, <1% in Vanuatu, and 6.4% in Zaire. Reliance on a single screening ELISA to estimate the prevalence of anti‐HCV in stored sera from tropical communities may lead to a gross over‐estimate of the true prevalence in these populations.
A randomised controlled trial of recombinant interferon‐γ in chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Lau Johnson Y. N. , Lai C. L. , Wu P. C. , Chung H. T. , Lok Anna S. F. , Lin H. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNineteen Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, seropositive for HBV e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA on at least three occasions in 6 months, were randomised to receive either recombinant human interferongamma (rlFNγ) 0.1 mg/m2 intramuscularly thrice weekly for 16 weeks (n = 11) or no anti‐viral therapy (controls, n = 8). Five patients in the treatment group and four patients in the control group had persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferases (ALT) of over two times the upper limit of normal before entering into the trial.Rlfnγ had no or minimal inhibitory effect on serum HBV DNA during treatment and no patient developed e‐seroconversion or sustained loss of serum HBV DNA. Hepatitic flare, which occurred in a proportion of patients responding successfully to interferon‐α (IFNα) therapy, was not observed with rlFNγ treatment. Side‐effects included pyrexia and mild headache that showed tachyphylaxis and were well tolerated by all patients. In the control group, one patient with elevated pre‐entry serum ALT lost serum HBV DNA and seroconverted to anti‐HBe. Another patient with elevated ALT lost serum HBV DNA transiently during therapy. In the dose given, rlFNγ was safe but had no apparent anti‐viral effects in Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection.
Prevalence of HBsAg carriers in native and immigrant pregnant female populations in Israel and passive/active vaccination against HBV of newborns at risk
Authors: Bogomolski‐Yahalom V. , Granot E. , Linder N. , Adler R. , Korman S. , Manny N. , Tur‐Kaspa R. , Shouval D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIsrael has no official prevention policy at present against perinatal and horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in newborns and children at risk. The present study was designed to assess the prevalence of HBV carrier state in a population of 11,123 pregnant women at term. Among this population (mean age 29.7±5.9),98 women (0.88%) were found to be asymptomatic HBsAg+ carriers, and 97% of these carriers were anti‐HBe+. Evidence for HBV replication, as determined by serum HBV‐DNA, was established in 6.6% of the HBsAg+/anti‐HBe+ population. The HBsAg carrier rate was strongly influenced by religion, continent, and country of birth of the carrier mothers. The highest relative carrier rate was found among women of Moslem origin (4.3%), as compared to Jewish women (0.67%). Most carrier women were born in Israel (56.1%) to mothers who had emigrated from regions with intermediate or high endemicity of HBV, such as North Africa or the Middle East. In these groups, the HBsAg carrier rate ranged between 1.2 and 3.0%. Ninety‐three percent of newborns receiving passive/active vaccination against HBV developed protective levels of anti‐HBs. Finally, evidence for horizontal transmission of HBV was found in 19.3% of 83 non‐vaccinated children in families of HBsAg carriers. The present study therefore establishes HBsAg prevalence rates in specific risk groups of women at term and confirms the need for an official policy on immunization against HBV in Israel. Since over 50% of women at term belong to the defined risk groups, universal active vaccination of the entire newborn population each year is suggested as the most rational and needed policy in Israel.
Further evaluation of a live hepatitis A vaccine in marmosets
Authors: Provost P. J. , Banker F. S. , Wadsworth C. W. , Krah D. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLive, attenuated F́ hepatitis virus was studied in vivo in Saguinus labiatus marmosets for possible reversion to virulence, for possible establishment of persistent infection and for its capacity as a parenterally administered vaccine to induce immunity to oral infection. Serial transmission of the virus in S. labiatus, using infectious stool extracts for the second and third passages, produced no evidence of reversion of the F́ vaccine virus to virulence. Monitoring for live HAV in stools over a 135‐day period postinoculation of marmosets with the F′ vaccine revealed no evidence of persistent infection. Vaccinated animals were also shown to be resistant to infection on challenge by the oral route as well as by the previously demonstrated parenteral route.
Persistence of HIV‐1 silent infection in seronegative subjects at high risk
Authors: Pezzella Mario , Rosci Maria A. , Miceli Michela , Vonesch Nicoletta , Sturchio Elena , Mirolo Marina , Mannella Emilio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwenty regular sexual partners of HIV‐1 infected subjects, without detectable human irnmunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) antibody and positive for HIV‐1 genome by in situ hybridization (ISH), were selected and studied longitudinally for 6–36 months to estimate the duration of silent infection. During the follow‐up period, 10 showed atypical Western Blot (WB) patterns. Two seronegative partners seroconverted. Rapid progress t o AIDS was observed in 7 seropositive subjects.
Hepatitis B virus DNA in sera of virus carriers positive exclusively for antibodies to the hepatitis B core antigen
Authors: Luo Kang‐Xian , Zhou Rong , He Chao , Liang Zhi‐Sen , Jiang Shibo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of serum HBV DNA in individuals positive for anti‐HBc alone was determined by the polymerase chain reaction in two groups with endemic HBV infection from Canton (group A) and Hainan (group B), provinces of China. Twenty‐one out of 294 individuals in group A (7.2%) and 193 out of 1995 in group B (9.7%) were positive for anti‐HBc but negative for other markers of ongoing or past HBV infection. (HBsAg and anti‐HBs). HBV DNA was detected in 6/21 sera in group A (28.6%) and 68/193 in group B (35.2%) in their initial serum specimen. One of the six HBV‐DNA‐positive individuals in group A became negative after 6 months and four of the 58 positive in group B became negative at 4 years of follow‐up. All of the individuals remained positive for anti‐HBc and negative for anti‐HBs, but one of them became positive for HBsAg on follow‐up. None of the anti‐HBc‐ and HBV‐DNA‐positive subjects had symptoms of liver diseases. They were, therefore, defined as chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers with undetectable HBsAg. This type of carrier should be added to the typical HBsAg‐positive carrier, who constitutes about 10–15% of the general Chinese population, to give a more complete estimate of asymptomatic HBV carriers in China.
Oral poliovirus vaccine in the United States: Molecular characterization of sabin type 3 after replication in the gut of vaccinees
Authors: Tatem Joanne M. , Weeks‐Levy Carolyn , Mento Steven J. , Dimichele Susan J. , Georgiu Alice , Waterfield Willard F. , Sheip Bettina , Costalas Carmen , Davies Thomas , Ritchey Mary B. , Cano Francis R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDerivatives of Sabin 3 shed from recipients of oral poliovirus vaccine in the United States (U.S.) were examined for genetic changes identified in strains excreted by vaccinees in the United Kingdom [U.K.; Evans et al., 1985; Cammack et al., 1988, Macadam et al., 1989]. Among the eight primary vaccinees studied, the duration of excretion and molecular evolution of type 3 strains varied greatly. The period of virus excretion after vaccination ranged from as few as 2 days to as many as 36 days. Nucleotide sequence analysis of viral RNAs extracted from shed virus indicated that only fifty percent of the vaccinees exclusively excreted strains in which the attenuating mutation at nucleotide 472 in the 5' noncoding region of the genome had reverted from uracil (U) to cytosine (C), the nucleotide found in neurovirulent strains. Compared to the wild‐type Leon strain, the low activity of stool isolate KW4 in a complete monkey neurovirulence test demonstrated that presence of C at 472 does not render a type 3 strain pathogenic. Conversely, anisolate was identified which efficiently replicated in monkey nervous tissue and maintained the attenuated U at 472. Oligonucleotide fingerprinting and sequence analysis of viral RNAs from stool isolates indicated that one vaccinee (KW) eventually excreted intertypic recombinant strains consistent with those reported in the U.K. studies. Unique to this study, one vaccinee (KS) excreted nonrecombinant virus possessing U at 472 for up to 21 days. The significance of the KS strain profile in relation to differences in the U.S. vaccine compared to the vaccine distributed in the U.K. and other countries is discussed.