bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Synergy between Cucumber mosaic virus and Tobacco necrosis virus in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Xi D. , Feng H. , Lan L. , Du J. , Wang J. , Zhang Z. , Xue L. , Xu W. , Lin H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMixed infections of Nicotiana benthamiana plants by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) exhibit a synergistic interaction and result in symptom enhancement. Accumulation of CMV(+) RNA as well as capsid protein (CP) in mixed infection was considerably higher than that of singly‐infected plants. There was also a slight increase in TNV(+) RNA and CP levels in doubly infected plants. Synergistic infection by CMV‐ and TNV‐induced higher increase in the levels of malonyldialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and more decline in the activities of catalase than singly infected ones. Both peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities increased rapidly for the first 10 days post inoculation (dpi) in doubly‐infected plants and then declined, whereas the enzyme activities continued to increase after 10 dpi in singly infected plants and had higher enzyme activities in the late stages than that of co‐infected plants. These results suggest that synergistic infection by CMV and TNV produced severes oxidative stress in N. benthamiana plants and the synergy between the two viruses was mutual.
Health‐enhancing effects of engaging in productive occupation: Experiences of young people with mental illness
Authors: Iannelli Sophia , Wilding Clare 
Published: June 2007

Background/aim:  This paper investigates the relationship between productive occupation and mental well‐being for young people with a mental illness. In doing so, it aims to increase the understanding of applying occupation therapeutically. Methods:  Four young people who experienced mental illness were interviewed about their engagement in productive occupations. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Transcripts were analysed and categorised into four themes. Findings:  The participants found that the obligatory nature of productive occupations encouraged engagement in occupation; responsibility gained from work or study helped develop a positive sense of self; accomplishments achieved through engaging in productive occupations enhanced self‐worth; and engaging in productive occupations helped foster hope. Conclusion:  Engaging in productive occupations is found to enhance the mental health and well‐being of participants and thus accentuates that meaningful productive occupations can be a valuable aspect to occupational therapy practice.
Factors influencing short‐term re‐admission and one‐year mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: LIU Shih‐Feng , LIN Kuan‐Chun , CHIN Chien‐Hung , CHEN Yung‐Che , CHANG Hsueh‐Wen , WANG Chih‐Chou , LIN Meng‐Chih 
Published: June 2007

Background and objectives:  Fourteen day re‐admission rates are deemed to be an important indicator of the quality of medical care for COPD in Taiwan. This study identified the characteristics of patients with COPD who required short‐term re‐admission and analysed the risk factors for 1‐year mortality.Methods:  Consecutive patients with COPD who were re‐admitted to hospital within 14 days of discharge and a random computer generated selection of patients with COPD not re‐admitted within 14 days of discharge were recruited to the study and their medical data collected from hospital records. Recruitment occurred over an 18‐month period.Results:  Fifty patients were recruited to each group. Multivariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in oral steroid use (P = 0.013) and FEV1 (P = 0.04) between the re‐admission group and non‐re‐admission group. Of the many variables assessed, risk of death within 1 year of discharge was significantly associated with re‐admission within 14 days alone (P = 0.02; odds ratio = 15.01).Conclusion:  COPD patients using long‐term oral corticosteroids and with a low FEV1 are at risk of re‐admission with 14 days of hospital discharge, and medical care of these patients warrants much greater attention.
Efficacy and safety of once‐daily inhaled ciclesonide in adults with mild to moderate asthma: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study*
Authors: ADACHI Mitsuru , ISHIHARA Kyosuke , INOUE Hiroshi , KUDO Koichiro , TAKAHASHI Kiyoshi , MORITA Yutaka , MASUDA Ken‐Ichi , TAKADA Yoshinori , KATO Ryuichi , MIYAMOTO Terumasa 
Published: June 2007

Background and objective:  Inhaled corticosteroids are recommended as first‐line therapy for the management of asthma, although side‐effects may limit their use. Ciclesonide, a novel pro‐drug inhaled corticosteroid, exerts potent and prolonged local anti‐inflammatory effects in the lungs, and is considered to have an improved safety and tolerability profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ciclesonide in adult patients with mild to moderate asthma.Methods:  A placebo‐controlled, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group study was conducted. During the 4‐week baseline period, patients were given 400 μg/day of beclomethasone dipropionate in a chlorofluorocarbon formulation. After the baseline period, 311 patients were given once‐daily 100, 200 or 400 μg of ciclesonide or placebo for an 8‐week treatment period without the use of a spacer. The primary efficacy variable was morning PEF.Results:  Changes in the morning PEF (least squares mean) at the end of the study were 4.23 L/min (P < 0.001) in the 100 μg group, 3.75 L/min (P < 0.001) in the 200 μg group, −0.40 L/min (P < 0.001) in the 400 μg group, as compared with −24.95 L/min in the placebo group. In the ciclesonide groups, the PEF remained at the same level as the baseline period. No large differences were observed between the placebo group and the ciclesonide groups regarding safety.Conclusion:  Once‐daily administration of ciclesonide at doses of 100, 200 or 400 μg was shown to be effective in adult patients with mild to moderate asthma. Ciclesonide is considered to have favourable safety profiles and be well tolerated.
Pressing: Smooth Isosurfaces with Flats from Binary Grids
Authors: Chica A. , Williams J. , Andujar C. , Brunet P. , Navazo I. , Rossignac J. , Vinacua A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract We explore the automatic recovery of solids from their binary volumetric discretizations. In particular, we propose an approach, called Pressing, for smoothing isosurfaces extracted from binary volumes while recovering their large planar regions (flats). Pressing yields a surface that is guaranteed to contain the samples of the volume classified as interior and exclude those classified as exterior. It uses global optimization to identify flats and constrained bilaplacian smoothing to eliminate sharp features and high frequencies from the rest of the isosurface. It recovers sharp edges between flat regions and between flat and smooth regions. Hence, the resulting isosurface is usually a very accurate approximation of the original solid. Furthermore, the segmentation of the isosurface into flat and curved faces and the sharp/smooth labelling of their edges may be valuable for shape recognition, simplification, compression and various reverse engineering and manufacturing applications.
Fine Mapping of Disease Genes Using Tagging SNPs
Authors: Sjölander Arvid , Hössjer Ola , Hartman Linda Werner , Humphreys Keith 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe describe a haplotype clustering approach for localising a disease mutation within a fixed genomic region, which supplements tagging SNP (tSNP) information with (external) information on linkage disequilibrium. By applying our method to simulated data based on the coalescent, and on real haplotype data, we demonstrate that there are situations where significant gains can be made by incorporating tagged SNPs into the analysis. The issues we explore are important not only to these types of studies, but also to studies that select tSNPs based on (external) HapMap phase II data, and those that use genome‐wide markers.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea)
Authors: ŠTEFKA J. , GILLEARD J. S. , GRILLO V. , HYPŠA V. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Ligula intestinalis is a species with a complex biology. Several strains, distinct in the host specificity and biogeography, are supposed to exist; however, their morphological or molecular identification remains unresolved. We describe the isolation of 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The number of alleles ranged from four to 14 in a population of 21 L. intestinalis individuals. Loci showed amplification success across samples of worldwide distribution. A cross‐amplification of 14 markers in Digramma interrupta (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) was observed.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the endangered highlands scrub hypericum (Hypericum cumulicola)
Authors: EDWARDS C. E. , ARAKAKI M. , QUINTANA‐ASCENCIO P. F. , SOLTIS D. E. , SOLTIS P. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe report the isolation of 19 primer pairs for amplification of polymorphic microsatellite loci for Hypericum cumulicola. These markers were evaluated in 24 individuals from one population; two to four alleles were detected per locus, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 0.5. Two loci demonstrated significant heterozygote deficiencies, possibly due to null alleles, and significant linkage disequilibrium was found between six pairs of loci. The remaining microsatellite loci will help determine if genetic differentiation is responsible for life‐history differences between natural and anthropogenically disturbed populations of H. cumulicola.
A Novel ATP1A2 Gene Mutation in an Irish Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Kindred
Authors: Fernandez Desiree M. , Hand Collette K. , Sweeney Brian J. , Parfrey Nollaig A. 
Published: June 2007

Objective.— We studied a large Irish Caucasian pedigree with familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) with the aim of finding the causative gene mutation.Background.— FHM is a rare autosomal‐dominant subtype of migraine with aura, which is linked to 4 loci on chromosomes 19p13, 1q23, 2q24, and 1q31. The mutations responsible for hemiplegic migraine have been described in the CACNA1A gene (chromosome 19p13), ATP1A2 gene (chromosome 1q23), and SCN1A gene (chromosome 2q24).Methods.— We performed linkage analyses in this family for chromosome 1q23 and performed mutation analysis of the ATP1A2 gene.Results.— Linkage to the FHM2 locus on chromosome 1 was demonstrated. Mutation screening of the ATP1A2 gene revealed a G to C substitution in exon 22 resulting in a novel protein variant, D999H, which co‐segregates with FHM within this pedigree and is absent in 50 unaffected individuals. This residue is also highly conserved across species.Conclusions.— We propose that D999H is a novel FHM ATP1A2 mutation.
Marketed Oral Triptans in the Acute Treatment of Migraine: A Systematic Review on Efficacy and Tolerability
Authors: Pascual Julio , Mateos Valentin , Roig Carles , Sanchez‐del‐Rio Margarita , Jiménez Dolores 
Published: June 2007

Background.—In the current literature, there is neither a reported systematic review comparing the efficacy of triptans at 30 minutes and 1 hour after the migraine treatment, nor data related to efficacy of new marketed triptans.Objective.—The main objective of this analysis was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of currently marketed oral, non‐reencapsulated triptan formulations vs placebo in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe migraine attacks.Methods.—A systematic review of double‐blind, randomized clinical trials reporting data after a single migraine attack was conducted. Efficacy results are shown using relative risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted.Results.—After reviewing 221 publications, 38 studies were included. All marketed triptans provided significant relief and/or absence of pain at 2 hours, and relief at 1 hour when compared with placebo. After 30 minutes, fast‐dissolving sumatriptan 50 and 100 mg, sumatriptan 50 mg, and rizatriptan 10 mg showed significant relief when compared to placebo, whereas the fast‐dissolving formulation of sumatriptan 100 mg was the only oral triptan that was superior to placebo in meeting the pain‐free endpoint. On the other hand, fast‐dissolving sumatriptan 50 and 100 mg and eletriptan 40 mg showed a lower rate of recurrence than placebo, whereas rizatriptan 10 mg was the only triptan with a recurrence rate greater than that of placebo. Adverse events associated with treatment with tablet formulations of sumatriptan and zolmitriptan were significantly more frequent than those of the placebo group.The inclusion of trials with reencapsulated triptans in the analysis introduced minor specific changes in these results.Conclusion.—This analysis updates the comparative data available for the 7 currently marketed oral triptans and clearly demonstrates their efficacy when compared to placebo, even with stricter endpoints, such as efficacy at 30 minutes. No triptan exhibited better tolerability than placebo. Results are diverse, depending on the triptan, which probably is a reflection of heterogeneous pharmacokinetics.
Language Disturbances as a Side Effect of Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Coppola Francesca , Rossi Cristiana , Mancini Maria Luisa , Corbelli Ilenia , Nardi Katiuscia , Sarchielli Paola , Calabresi Paolo 
Published: June 2007

Background.— Language disturbances have been previously described as word‐finding difficulties in epileptic patients. These disturbances have been recently reported in migraineurs in treatment with topiramate but they have never been defined and assessed in these patients with the aid of neuropsychological testing.Objective.— To verify the occurrence of language disturbances as a side effect of topiramate treatment in episodic and chronic migraine patients.Methods— Language disturbances were recorded on the basis of spontaneous reports of 30 migraine patients treated with topiramate and 2 control groups (20 patients treated with other prophylactic drugs and 20 patients without prophylactic treatment) and were explored with neuropsychological tests. Psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using Zung Anxiety and Depression Scales.Results.— Language disturbances were referred by 26.7% (n = 8) of patients during topiramate treatment but by none of the patients in the 2 control groups. All patients in the topiramate group had a worse performance on all tests compared to patients of the 2 control groups. Moreover, in the topiramate group, patients with referred language disturbances had higher scores for all neuropsychological test variables, indicative of aworse performance. Some language functions (Trail Making Tests A and B) seemed to be influenced by the concomitant presence of psychiatric comorbidities, particularly anxiety and depression.Conclusion.— It can be hypothesized that a disorder such as migraine, which involves numerous cortical and subcortical circuits implicated in the transmission and behavioral and emotional processing of pain, represents a facilitated substrate for the occurrence of language disturbances due to topiramate. This could be the expression of a more generalized impairment of cognitive processing. These aspects should be investigated in prospective studies involving larger migraine patient samples.
Episodic Dural Stimulation in Awake Rats: A Model for Recurrent Headache
Authors: Oshinsky Michael L. , Gomonchareonsiri Sumittra 
Published: June 2007

Objectives.—To model, in rats, the development of chronic trigeminal nociceptive hypersensitivity seen in patients with recurrent headache.Background.—Pathophysiology studies suggest that patients with recurrent migraine headache experience repeated bouts of dural nociceptor activation. In some patients, the severity and frequency of headache attacks increase over time. Patients with recurrent headache are hypersensitive to nitric oxide donors, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN).Current trigeminal pain models do not reflect the repeated episodic nature of dural nociceptor activation in patients with recurrent headache. Repeated nociceptor activation creates long‐lasting changes in the periphery and brain due to activity‐dependent neuronal plasticity. An animal model of repeated activation of dural nociceptors will facilitate the study of the physiological changes caused by repeated, episodic pain and the factors important for the transition of episodic to chronic migraine.Methods.—We induced dural inflammation by infusing an inflammatory soup (IS) through a cannula on the dura in awake behaving rats. This was repeated 3 times per week for up to 4 weeks. Periorbital pressure sensory testing was used to monitor the change in trigeminal sensitivity. Rats were challenged with GTN to test the hypothesis that many dural stimulations are required to model the hypersensitivity of migraine patients. Quantitative trigeminal sensory testing and microdialysis in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) were used to measure GTN hypersensitivity.Results.—Multiple infusions of IS (>8), over weeks, induced a long‐lasting decrease in periorbital pressure thresholds that lasted >3 weeks after the last infusion. In contrast, IS infusion in IS‐naive rats and those that received 3 IS infusions produced only short‐lasting decreases in periorbital pressure thresholds.Rats that received more than 8 IS infusions showed a marked increase in their neurochemical and behavioral responses to GTN. In these rats, GTN induced a decrease in periorbital von Frey thresholds that lasted >5 hours. In contrast, in rats that received only 3 IS infusions, GTN caused a threshold decrease for 1.5 hour.In vivo microdialysis in the TNC showed that GTN increased extracellular glutamate levels in rats with more than 8 IS infusions to 7.7 times the basal levels. In IS‐naive rats and those that received only 3 IS infusions, the extracellular glutamate levels rose to only 1.7 and 1.9 times the basal level, respectively.Conclusions.—Repeated IS stimulation of the dura produces a chronic state of trigeminal hypersensitivity and potentiates the response to GTN. This hyperresponsiveness outlasts the last IS infusion and is the basis of our rat model of recurrent headache. This model can be used to study the changes in the brain and periphery induced by repeated trigeminovascular nociceptor activation and has the potential to elucidate the mechanisms for the transition of episodic to chronic headache.
Netherton Syndrome
Authors: Ibrahim Galadari , Jameelah Al‐Kaabi , Hassan Galadari 
Published: June 2007

A 17‐year‐old Egyptian patient presented to the dermatology clinic of Al‐Ain Hospital with a complaints of pruritic dry skin and short brittle hair since early infancy. The patient was born to healthy nonconsanguineous parents. He was a product of full‐term normal pregnancy and delivery with a normal birth weight. At about age 4 weeks, he started to develop erythroderma and scaling. He had a history of recurrent infections, diarrhea, and failure to thrive in the first year of life. By age 2 years, the patient started to catch up with his weight and height. The erythroderma started to disappear slowly and erythematous, scaly, polycyclical, migratory lesions started to develop on his body. The patient achieved his developmental milestones with no delay and showed normal intelligence for his age. The family history was positive for eczema and allergic rhinitis in both his sister and brother. It was negative, however, for ichthyotic disorders. On physical examination, scaly, annular, migratory, and hyperkeratotic double‐edged lesions were noticed on his back, chest, and abdomen (Figures 1 and 2). His hair was short, lacked luster, brittle, and beaded (Figure 3). His eyebrows and lashes were sparse and he had facial and perioral erythema with dryness of the affected area (Figure 3). Laboratory investigations showed normal blood workup, but with an elevation in IgE levels. Examination of hair under light microscopy showed bulging with ball‐and‐cup formation typical for trichorrhexis invaginata or bamboo hair (Figures 4 and 5). Skin biopsy showed mild hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, reduced granular layer with accumulation of eosinophilic material, and mixed perivascular inflammatory cells infiltrate. A diagnosis of Netherton syndrome was made and the patient was started on antihistamines, emollients, and 10% urea. Polycyclic, brownish hyperkeratosis image Bamboo hair image Ball‐and‐cup hair shaft deformity image
Mucous Aggregate of the Nasopharynx: the Mucolith
Authors: Boyd Alan S. , Langley Melissa , King Lloyd E. 
Published: June 2007

A 30‐year‐old woman produced a single mass of gray material from her nose during a particularly forceful sneeze several hours before presenting to our clinic. She asked that the material be submitted for pathologic evaluation because she had experienced simultaneous discomfort behind her left eye and was worried that the mass might be “some kind of brain tissue.” She denied any additional symptoms and took no medications. This was her first such episode and she had no history of mental or emotional illness. An evaluation of the nasal mucosa and nasopharynx demonstrated slight hyperemia but no evidence of bleeding, infection, or foreign body. The specimen consisted of a single gray mass measuring 1 cm in diameter. It was fractured into smaller specimens 2–4 mm in diameter. Microscopically, aggregates of granular material with a gray, violet, or blue color were noted (Figure 1). No living tissues were visible. A vague configuration was appreciated with filamentous fraying at the edges and a palisading array of amorphous matter. Bacterial colonies were noted using a hematoxylin‐eosin and phenol green stain. Gram‐positive cocci and filamentous bacteria were abundant (Figure 2). Entrapped within the matrix were occasional erythrocytes, hemosiderin deposits, and several small refractile foreign bodies. An alcian blue stain demonstrated modest mucin deposition. A calcium stain was negative, but focal iron staining was noted. Aggregation of amorphous granular material with frayed edge and bacterial colonies (mucolith) (hematoxylin‐eosin stain; original magnification×10)image Numerous filamentous bacteria with scattered cocci (hematoxylin‐eosin stain; original magnification×40)image