bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological Correlation of TERTp (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Promoter) Mutation in Meningiomas
Authors: Nadeem Mohammed , Sravya Palavalasa , Beniwal Manish , Srinivas Dwarakanath , Santosh Vani 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Identifying meningiomas that behave aggressively has proven challenging based on histopathology alone. Several authors have sought to supplement the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system with the use of molecular markers. Although some genetic alterations have been associated with prognosis of patients, it is imperative to validate such markers in different patient cohorts.

Objective:
To establish the utility of telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) mutation as a prognostic factor in meningiomas.

Methods:
This retrospective study included grade 1 and grade 2 meningiomas in patients aged greater than 18 years operated between 2010 and 2015 at our institute, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. They were studied for TERTp mutation.

Results:
Seventy-one patients fulfilled the above criteria. TERTp mutation was found in five patients (7.04%), while 66 patients had wild-type TERTp. Seventeen patients had recurrence during the follow-up period. All meningiomas with TERTp mutation recurred, while TERTp wild-type meningiomas harbored a 18.2% (12/66) rate of recurrence (P < 0.001). The presence of TERTp mutation was significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival compared to the wild type (28.20 months, versus 93.18 months, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
Our report showed a 100% recurrence rate among TERTp mutant meningiomas in a previously unrepresented demographic cohort. This highlights the need for molecular markers as adjuncts to the current WHO grading system, which may help identify meningiomas with aggressive behavior among grade 1 and grade 2 tumors and thus tailor management. Further avenues for research include targeting telomerase for therapeutics.
The Connections of the Short Arcuate Fibers of the Frontal Lobe: An Anatomical Study
Authors: Shah Abhidha , Jhawar Sukhdeep Singh , Goel Atul 
Published: February 2025

Background:
We present the anatomy of the short arcuate fibers (SAF) of the brain. This anatomy is not very well depicted in literature.

Aim:
The aim was to study the connections of the short association fibers of the frontal lobe of the brain.

Material and Methods:
Five formalin-fixed frozen cadaveric brains were studied by using Klinger’s method of white fiber dissection. The superficial gray matter was cored out and the connections of the SAF were studied. The SAF of each dissected frontal lobe were compared with the other specimens and the similarities and differences between them were recorded.

Results:
The SAF or the U fibers of the cerebral hemispheres have three distinct patterns of organization, namely, the intergyral fibers, the intragyral fibers, and the gyral–gyral linkages. The intergyral fibers are the deep connections of the SAF. The intragyral fibers and the gyral–gyral linkages are the superficial components of the SAF system. There were no significant differences found when comparing the right and left hemispheres. Constant gyral–gyral linkages were observed between the middle frontal gyrus and the precentral gyrus. The superior frontal gyrus apart from having connections with the middle frontal gyrus also had short arcuate connections with the precentral gyrus, the orbital gyri, and the inferior frontal gyrus.

Conclusions:
A study of the short association fibers gives an insight into the workings and connections of the cortical structures of the brain.
A Clinicopathological Study of Angiogenesis in Meningiomas Using Immunohistochemical Markers
Authors: Mufeedha Abubaker , Aparna Govindan , Rajeev Mandaka P , Gomathy Subramaniam , Sathi Puthen Parambath 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Meningioma is a neoplasm arising from arachnoid cap cells and an important group of tumors of the meninges. The extent of surgical resection is one of the most important factors predicting recurrence along with histologic grading which in turn depends on factors such as the tumor site, vascularity, and peritumoral brain edema.

Objectives:
We studied the relationship between Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, angiogenesis, and peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) in different grades and subtypes of meningioma.

Methods and Materials:
A cross-sectional study; comprising 48 confirmed meningioma cases. Immunohistochemistry was done using antibodies to VEGF, CD-105, and Ki-67. VEGF expression in tumor cells and endothelial cells was scored and microvessel density was calculated on CD105 stained slides. The MIB-1 labeling index was calculated to supplement the grading of the tumor. PTBE was classified from the MRI images.

Results and Discussion:
In our study, meningioma occurred in the age range of 24–78 years with a mean of 53.23 years. The study population included 66.7% females and 33.3% males with an F:M ratio of 2:1. Transitional meningioma was the predominant histological subtype. We observed increased VEGF expression in transitional and meningothelial patterns and decreased expression in fibroblastic meningioma. High MVD score was shown only by cases with grade III PTBE and all cases with grade 0 and grade I PTBE showed low MVD score.

Conclusion:
Microvessel density assessed by CD105 staining is increased in cases with peritumoral edema hence, it can be considered a marker for angiogenesis.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: A Retrospective Chart Review from a Tertiary Neuropsychiatric Facility
Authors: Sen Mahadev S , Kushwaha Suman , Dhamija Rajinder K , Singh Mridula , Dung Dung Aldrin A , Kumar Panda A , Chaudhary Rahul , Maheshwari Siddharth 
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective:
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic drugs. Our study aimed to describe the characteristics of NMS patients and identify the trends of symptom profile.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with NMS and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary health-care center between January 2017 and March 2023.

Result:
Out of 21 identified NMS cases, complete patient records were available for 12, revealing a male preponderance (76%) and an average age of 36 years. Rigidity and delirium were universally present in all patients. Almost all patients developed NMS secondary to atypical antipsychotics, with the most common being risperidone (44%) and bromocriptine administered in 94% of cases. Most patients (94%) showed improvement and were shifted out of ICU.

Conclusion:
Our findings provide valuable insights into the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of NMS in an ICU setting, especially in the context of atypical antipsychotics.
Reliability of Frameless Stereotactic Brain Biopsy for Complicated Lesions: Multicenter Experiences
Authors: Gocmen Selcuk , Haciyakupoglu Ersin , Acka Gokhan , Aponte-Mendoza Zuleyka , Onguru Onder , Tasci Mustafa , Kahraman Serdar 
Published: February 2025

Background:
This study aimed to report our experiences with the safety and reliability of frameless stereotactic brain biopsy, including eloquent areas and small-sized lesions.

Materials and Methods:
We reviewed 88 consecutive cases of brain lesions diagnosed with neuronavigation-guided frameless stereotactic biopsy in two different neurosurgical institutes (Turkey and Germany). In addition to a standard technique, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–computed tomography (CT) fusion images were used to enhance the accuracy of targeting. To stabilize the navigation system on the target, the deviation from average accuracy was set at 1 mm with MRI alone. The deviation from average accuracy was 0.5 mm on fused MRI-CT images.

Results:
There were 43 males and 45 females with a mean age of 62 years. The lesion diameter was ≤2 cm in 24 patients and >2 cm in 64 patients. The lesion was in the eloquent region in 16 patients. Histopathological diagnostic success rate was 98.8%. Overall, 56, 21, 5, and 3 patients were diagnosed with glial tumor, lymphoma, abscess, and metastasis, respectively, and 1 patient each with acute myeloid leukemia, radiation necrosis, and nonneoplastic neuroglial tissue was observed as a pathological result.

Conclusions:
The frameless biopsy system is gaining popularity because it is reliable and has a low complication rate. It provides rapid and accurate pathological results even for deeply located or small (size ≤2 cm) lesions. The frameless biopsy systems were used safely with a very high diagnostic accuracy rate according to the learning curve.
Neurological Manifestations of Scrub Typhus: The Clinical Spectrum, Determinants, and Outcome
Authors: Majumdar Swaratika , Benjamin Rohit Ninan , Ralph Ravikar , Mahasampath Gowri , Abhilash Kundavaram P P , Samson Nathaniel , Sudarsan Thomas Isaiah , Prakash John AJ , Varghese George M. 
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective:
Neurological involvement is reported in up to a quarter of patients with scrub typhus. However, prospective studies accurately describing clinical findings, temporal evolution, and rare syndromes are sparse. This study characterized scrub typhus-associated neurological syndromes, emphasizing neurological localization, clinical outcomes, and potential predictors.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective cohort study included patients admitted to a medical college hospital with scrub typhus during a 1-year period. Detailed clinical, laboratory, and radiological profiles and outcomes were documented and analyzed.

Results:
Among 198 patients included, whose median age was 47 years (range, 18–85 years), 48.5% were men. The mean duration of fever before presentation was 8.2 days. Neurological deficits attributable to scrub typhus were present in 31.3% of patients. The commonest syndrome was meningitis/meningoencephalitis (87.9%). Extrapyramidal disorders occurred in 10%, and cerebellar disorders occurred in 3%. Extrapyramidal disorders often developed during the acute stage and persisted into early convalescence. Ischemic stroke and new-onset peripheral neuropathies occurred in two and three patients, respectively. Parameters in patients with and without neurological manifestations were compared. Multivariate analysis revealed that male sex, headache, vomiting, and elevated creatinine increased the odds of neurological involvement. Myalgia and tachycardia reduced the odds of neurological disease. Overall mortality was 6.1%. Neurological involvement was not associated with poor outcomes.

Conclusions:
Neurological involvement was present in nearly one-third of patients with scrub typhus, with meningoencephalitis being the most common manifestation. Headache, vomiting, and elevated creatinine predicted neurological involvement, while myalgia and tachycardia were negatively associated.
Neuropsychological Profiling of Colloid Cyst Patients: Domains Affected and Long-term Outcomes
Authors: Sainadh K , Joshua Shejoy , Manappat Ayesha Sagir , Cherkil Sandhya , Chacko Manas , Panikar Dilip 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Colloid cysts are known to cause neuropsychological impairment. However, the specific domains that are affected and their outcomes following excision are not studied in the past. In the current study, we evaluated different neuropsychological domains that are involved in colloid cyst patients and how they fared on long-term follow-up after the excision.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort of sixteen colloid cyst patients managed in a tertiary care center were included in the study. The clinical presentation, largest cyst diameter, and the presence of ventriculomegaly using the Evans index were noted on an MR brain imaging preoperatively. The neurocognitive evaluation was performed by a neuropsychologist at the presentation and 1 month and 1 year after the excision.

Results:
The neuropsychological domains that were affected in colloid cyst patients are memory, rate of learning, verbal fluency, sustained attention, focused attention, information processing speed, auditory attention, and working memory. There was a clinically meaningful improvement in visual memory (P = 0.054) and logical memory (P = 0.058) in operated patients, while other parameters improved slightly. No significant change was noted in early and late postoperative neuropsychological assessments.

Conclusions:
Neurocognitive domains that are affected in colloid cyst patients are memory, rate of learning, verbal fluency, sustained attention, focused attention, information processing speed, auditory attention, and working memory. Visual memory and logical memory show sustained clinically meaningful improvement in long-term follow-up postsurgical decompression.
Forecasting Dog Bite Incidents: An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Time Series Analysis
Authors: Asokan Dinesh , Bardeskar Joyce , Borode Minal , Mall Anjali , Pardeshi Geeta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
This study, driven by the high incidence of dog bites in India and the fatality risk of rabies, utilised Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) analysis to forecast dog bite trends in a metropolitan tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A record-based study with data from January 2019 to October 2023 at a Mumbai tertiary care institution employed the ARIMA model with SPSS to forecast dog bite cases from November 2023 to December 2024.

Results:
The ARIMA analysis showed a dip in dog bite cases before summer, reaching the lowest point in December 2024, followed by an increase in summer. This trend was consistent across total, Category III, unprovoked and stray dog bite cases.

Conclusions:
Proactive measures, such as vaccine procurement and cold chain maintenance for anti-rabies vaccines and rabies immunoglobulins, are essential during peak seasons to ensure preparedness and effective public health management.
Characterizations and models for the
$C_{1,r}$
class and quantum annulus
Authors: Pal Sourav , Tomar Nitin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For fixed

$0<r<1$

, let

$A_r=\{z \in \mathbb {C} : r<|z|<1\}$

be the annulus with boundary

$\partial \overline {A}_r=\mathbb {T} \cup r\mathbb {T}$

, where

$\mathbb T$

is the unit circle in the complex plane

$\mathbb C$

. An operator having

$\overline {A}_r$

as a spectral set is called an

$A_r$

-contraction. Also, a normal operator with its spectrum lying in the boundary

$\partial \overline {A}_r$

is called an

$A_r$

-unitary. The

$C_{1,r}$

class was introduced by Bello and Yakubovich in the following way:

$$\begin{align*}C_{1, r}=\{T: T \ \text{is invertible and} \ \|T\|, \|rT^{-1}\| \leq 1\}. \end{align*}$$

McCullough and Pascoe defined the quantum annulus

$\mathbb Q \mathbb A_r$

by

$$\begin{align*}\mathbb Q\mathbb A_r = \{T \,:\, T \text{ is invertible and } \, \|rT\|, \|rT^{-1}\| \leq 1 \}. \end{align*}$$

If

$\mathcal A_r$

denotes the set of all

$A_r$

-contractions, then

$\mathcal A_r \subsetneq C_{1,r} \subsetneq \mathbb Q \mathbb A_r$

. We first find a model for an operator in

$C_{1,r}$

and also characterize the operators in

$C_{1,r}$

in several different ways. We prove that the classes

$C_{1,r}$

and

$\mathbb Q\mathbb A_r$

are equivalent. Then, via this equivalence, we obtain analogous model and characterizations for an operator in

$\mathbb Q \mathbb A_r$

.
A bound on the
$\mu $
-invariants of supersingular elliptic curves
Authors: Gajek-Leonard Rylan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let

$E/\mathbb {Q}$

be an elliptic curve and let p be a prime of good supersingular reduction. Attached to E are pairs of Iwasawa invariants

$\mu _p^\pm $

and

$\lambda _p^\pm $

which encode arithmetic properties of E along the cyclotomic

$\mathbb {Z}_p$

-extension of

$\mathbb {Q}$

. A well-known conjecture of B. Perrin-Riou and R. Pollack asserts that

$\mu _p^\pm =0$

. We provide support for this conjecture by proving that for any

$\ell \geq 0$

, we have

$\mu _p^\pm \leq 1$

for all but finitely many primes p with

$\lambda _p^\pm =\ell $

. Assuming a recent conjecture of D. Kundu and A. Ray, our result implies that

$\mu _p^\pm \leq 1$

holds on a density 1 set of good supersingular primes for E.
Fostering student agency and confidence through problem-based learning and cognitive reflection in the pharmaceutics laboratory
Authors: Raddum Aase , Le Quynh Bao Truong , Herfindal Lars , Wang Wei , Mc Cormack Emmet , Kjome Reidun Lisbet Skeide , Holst Lone , Alfarah Mirey 
Published: February 2025

Background: Pharmaceutics is a pivotal subject in pharmacy education, and among the learning outcomes of pharmaceutics laboratory courses is the ability to instil practical skills in compounding, with a focus on quality control. Student feedback reveals that strict passing criteria cause apprehension, ultimately acting as barriers to learning.
Objective: To foster meaningful learning, increase student confidence, and promote student agency through problem-based learning in the pharmaceutics course at the University of Bergen.
Method: The three-part educational intervention included a pre-lab workshop, practical laboratory work, and a post-lab workshop. Student groups were tasked to compound different Captopril oral mixtures, and their stabilities after storage were analysed. The data were discussed with the students. A mixed-methods approach was adopted to assess the educational intervention, incorporating a pre- and post-survey on meaningful learning, observations, and focus group interviews.
Results: The results showed that the learning activity was received positively and fostered a meaningful learning experience. The focus groups reported increased confidence, positive effects from a supportive group, reflection, and reduced apprehension.
Conclusion: This study represents a novel approach to student learning in a pharmaceutics laboratory course, which resulted in an enhanced laboratory learning experience.
Ways and practices to develop interest in and love of reading: a basis for reading enhancement program
Authors: Bermudez Sheen Lor , Cristobal Michaela , Jarabelo Jackelou , Pereulo Christine , Solis Dama Cynheal 
Published: February 2025

Reading skills are vital to daily activities. It is a passport to entering academia and a key to progress. Despite its benefits, many failed to develop an interest in and love of reading. As observed, many prefer playing mobile games and scrolling social media posts rather than picking a book and reading. Since reading is an indispensable skill, students must fall in love with reading. This study aimed to propose a reading program to develop an interest in and love of reading after discovering the bibliophiles’ ways and practices. This is a qualitative descriptive case study. It describes the bibliophiles’ ways and practices of how they love reading. It involved nine bibliophiles who read one book every month and spent vacant time for pleasure reading. The interview responses were recorded, transcribed, and coded to draw themes. The study discovered that interest in and love of reading is developed at home and reinforced at school. Their parents and teachers exposed them to and reinforced the reading experiences, created reading opportunities, established family reading routines, recommended and provided appropriate materials, and practiced pleasure reading. Besides previewing reading materials and setting the context before reading, they note details and develop mental connections while reading. After reading, they extract values, visualize the story, recreate narratives, and learn from each other. Consequently, bibliophiles develop an interest in and love of reading through reading routines, significant persons, and self-motivation. This study proposes a ten-day reading program applying the bibliophiles' ways and practices. Parents are given detailed instructions on how to reinforce ways and practices at school.
Exploring the Potential of Spirulina Algae in Green Facades for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Architecture: A Theoretical Approach for Energy Optimization and Environmental Improvement in Tropical Climates
Authors: Golkarian Shabnam , Golkarian Mina 
Published: February 2025

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the emotional experiences of EFL teacher candidates during practicum, as well as the factors that influence their positive and negative feelings and the coping strategies within the concern of sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Theoretical Framework: Teachers’ emotions can be uncovered through a variety of theoretical perspectives. In this study, positive psychology was adopted as a theoretical lens for understanding and analyzing emotional experiences and emotions of teacher candidates.

Method: The present study, which intends to investigate EFL teacher candidates’ emotional experiences during practicum in addition to uncovering the factors affecting their positive and negative emotions and coping strategies that they utilize in the face of any adverse or unpleasant situations while practicing their teaching, adopted a qualitative research study as the research design. To achieve the purpose of the study, data were collected through open-ended interview forms and reflection papers.

Results and Discussion: Research findings reveal that participating teacher candidates experienced both positive and negative emotions during their teaching practices. Such emotions were mostly triggered by teacher candidates’ lack of practices, their dilemmas, teaching context, supervisor, and mentor roles. Moreover, findings indicate that teacher candidates employ several strategies to regulate their emotions during practicum. In this sense, teacher candidates’ emotional stories and coping strategies that they applied in the face of negative experiences are crucial on their wellbeing and problem-solving skills as well as identity construction, which in turn ensures sustainability in teacher education.

Research Implications: Teacher educators as supervisors and mentor teachers at practicum schools need to consider that teacher candidates experience emotional ups and downs, and such emotional experiences affect their teaching performances as well as their teacher identity construction.