bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tertiary-Quaternary subduction processes and related magmatism in the Alpine-Mediterranean region
Authors: Harangi Szabolcs , Downes Hilary , Seghedi Ioan 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

During Tertiary to Quaternary times, convergence between Eurasia and Africa resulted in a variety of collisional orogens and different styles of subduction in the Alpine-Mediterranean region. Characteristic features of this area include arcuate orogenic belts and extensional basins, both of which can be explained by roll-back of subducted slabs and retreating subduction zones. After cessation of active subduction, slab detachment and post-collisional gravitational collapse of the overthickened lithosphere took place. This complex tectonic history was accompanied by the generation of a wide variety of magmas. Most of these magmas (e.g. low-K tholeiitic, calc-alkaline, shoshonitic and ultrapotassic types) have trace element and isotopic fingerprints that are commonly interpreted to reflect enrichment of their source regions by subduction-related fluids. Thus, they can be considered as 'subduction-related' magmas irrespective of their geodynamic relationships. Intraplate alkali basalts are also found in the region and generally postdated the 'subduction-related' volcanism. These mantle-derived magmas have not (or only slightly) been influenced by subduction-related enrichment. This paper summarizes the geodynamic setting of the Tertiary-Quaternary 'subduction-related' magmatism in the various segments of the Alpine-Mediterranean region (Betic-Alboran-Rif province, Central Mediterranean, the Alps, Carpathian-Pannonian region, Dinarides and Hellenides, Aegean and Western Anatolia), and discusses the main characteristics and compositional variation of the magmatic rocks. Radiogenic and stable isotope data indicate the importance of continental crustal material in the genesis of these magmas. Interaction with crustal material probably occurred both in the upper mantle during subduction ('source contamination') and in the continental crust during ascent of mantle-derived magmas (either by mixing with crustal melts or by crustal contamination). The
87
Sr/
86
Sr and
206
Pb/
204
Pb isotope ratios indicate that an enriched mantle component, akin to the source of intraplate alkali mafic magmas along the Alpine foreland, played a key role in the petrogenesis of the 'subduction-related' magmas of the Alpine-Mediterranean region. This enriched mantle component could be related to mantle plumes or to long-term pollution (deflection of the central Atlantic plume and recycling of crustal material during subduction) of the shallow mantle beneath Europe since the late Mesozoic. In the first case, subduction processes could have had an influence in generating asthenospheric flow by deflecting nearby mantle plumes as a result of slab roll-back or slab break-off. In the second case, the variation in the chemical composition of the volcanic rocks in the Mediterranean region can be explained by 'statistical sampling' of the strongly inhomogeneous mantle followed by variable degrees of crustal contamination.
Eastern Mediterranean basin systems
Authors: Ben-Avraham Zvi , Woodside John , Lodolo Emanuele , Gardosh Michael , Grasso Mario , Camerlenghi Angelo , Vai Gian Battista 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The basins in the Eastern Mediterranean can be divided into those that were formed mainly in post-Miocene time and those that were formed during the rifting episodes that led to the formation of the Neotethys. The younger basins can be further divided into those that were formed mainly in post-Miocene time and those that were formed in post-Pliocene time. The separation is not only one of convenience but also corresponds to major adjustments in the plate tectonic situation in the Eastern Mediterranean. The late Miocene deposition of thick evaporites throughout the Mediterranean region, or, where evaporites are missing, the creation of an important erosional unconformity during the extreme lowstand of the Mediterranean, makes the Miocene-Pliocene boundary relatively easy to identify, especially on seismic reflection records. At about the same time, following the collision of the Arabian plate with Eurasia, the Anatolian and Aegean microplates came into existence between the convergent African and Eurasian plates to accommodate tectonic escape between them. The general configuration of the Eastern Mediterranean basins reflects the tectonic and structural gradients between the collisional domain of southeastern Turkey and Iran, and the continuing but increasingly limited subduction along the Calabrian and Hellenic arcs, with the Cyprus and Levantine zones between them. Several distinct zones can be identified in the Eastern Mediterranean. The Dead Sea Fault system marks the edge between the collisional and pre-collisional zones to the east and west, respectively. The meridian through the Anaximander Mountains (30©E) forms a rough boundary between the zone of incipient collision to the east and the zone of continuing but late-stage subduction to the west. The Malta Escarpment forms the Eastern boundary of the Eastern Mediterranean basins. The series of basins along the northern margin of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea share this progressive evolution, with those containing Messinian evaporites to the east and those without to the west. The Sicily Channel with its associated basins is an extensional zone between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean. The basins discussed in this paper are divided into two groups, the larger and older basins and the smaller and younger basins. In the first group are the Ionian Basin and the Levantine Basin, and in the second group the Cilicia Basin, Antalya Basin, Finike Basin, Rhodes Basin, Aegean basins, Sicily Channel basins, Latakia Basin and Larnaca Basin. The Eastern Mediterranean represents the last stage in the evolution of an ocean basin. Given the current motion between Africa and Eurasia, the Eastern Mediterranean will cease to exist in about 6-8 Ma from now. As a result, the larger and older basins are shrinking, whereas the younger and smaller basins are growing. Eventually the smaller basins will also disappear.
The Variscan orogen in Central Europe: construction and collapse
Authors: Franke Wolfgang 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
On the basis of a brief survey of the subdivision and evolution of the Variscides, this paper addresses controversial issues relating to the plate kinematic assembly and the 'collapse' of the orogen. A widespread phase of Devonian extension and basaltic magmatism is at variance with overall convergence. This episode either reflects subduction of the Rheic mid-ocean ridge, or else relates to a set of mantle plumes that also produced the Dniepr-Donets aulacogen. Another controversy regards the position of Gondwana in Devonian and Early Carboniferous time. Contrary to recent proposals of a wide Palaeotethys ocean, biogeographical and palaeomagnetic data suggest, until the Late Carboniferous, a Pangaea B model with Gondwana juxtaposed against Southern Europe. Contrary to the concept of Late Carboniferous-Permian 'collapse' of a central Variscan high plateau, major crustal thickening occurred only in relatively narrow belts, and parts of the central Variscides were close to sea level from the Late Devonian onwards. Collision occurred in a high-temperature regime from c. 350-340 Ma onwards. Heating by several independent mechanisms effected the reduction of orogenic roots by buoyant rise and lateral spreading of thermally softened crust. However, major flysch wedges reflect the importance of erosion and uplift. Late Carboniferous-Permian magmatism and extension associated with strike-slip zones affected a largely equilibrated crust. These events probably relate to the westward displacement of Gondwana and the opening of the Palaeotethys embayment (Pangaea B to Pangaea A).
EUROBRIDGE: new insight into the geodynamic evolution of the East European Craton
Authors: Bogdanova Svetlana , Gorbatschev R. , Grad M. , Janik T. , Guterch A. , Kozlovskaya E. , Motuza G. , Skridlaite G. , Starostenko V. , Taran L. ,   EUROBRIDGE and POLONAISE Working Groups
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The Palaeoproterozoic crust and upper mantle in the region between the Ukrainian and Baltic shields of the East European Craton were built up finally during collision of the previously independent Fennoscandian and Sarmatian crustal segments at c. 1.8-1.7 Ga. EUROBRIDGE seismic profiling and geophysical modelling across the southwestern part of the Craton suggest that the Central Belarus Suture Zone is the junction between the two colliding segments. This junction is marked by strong deformation of the crust and the presence of a metamorphic core complex. At 1.80-1.74 Ga, major late to post-collisional extension and magmatism affected the part of Sarmatia adjoining the Central Belarus Zone and generated a high-velocity layer at the base of the crust. Other sutures separating terranes of different ages are found within Sarmatia and in the Polish-Lithuanian part of Fennoscandia. While Fennoscandia and Sarmatia were still a long distance apart, orogeny was dominantly accretionary. The accreted Palaeoproterozoic terranes in the Baltic-Belarus region of Fennoscandia are all younger than 2.0 Ga (2.0-1.9, 1.90-1.85 and 1.84-1.82 Ga), whereas those in Sarmatia have ages of c. 2.2-2.1 and 2.0-1.95 Ga. Lithospheric deformation and magmatism at c. 1.50-1.45 Ga, and Devonian rifting, are also defined by the EUROBRIDGE seismic and gravity models.
Endothelial immunogenicity – A matter of matrix microarchitecture
Authors: Hess Shmuel , Edelman Elazer , Methe Heiko 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe endothelium is a highly specialized active interface between blood and the underlying tissues, maintaining vascular tone, thrombo-resistance and selective permeability to cells and proteins. It is also an important regulator of inflammatory diseases, and endothelial-leukocyte interactions often herald complex diseases with an inflammatory component.Yet, the exact mechanisms promoting immune activation of endothelial cells (EC) are incompletely understood. Knowledge is accumulating that the immediate environment defines the cellular phenotype, whereby matrix composition and spatial formation (three- versus two-dimensional) seem to act as pivotal mediators. Here we summarize current findings denoting a key role of matrix environment in regulating endothelial immunogenicity. The immune response to three-dimensional matrix-embedded EC stands in stark contrast to the response engendered by injection of these same cells in their free state. Matrix-embedding confers a quiescent endothelial state with reduced expression levels of chemokines, adhesion, costimulatory, and major histocompatibility complex II molecules. Compared to EC grown on two-dimensional tissue culture plates, cytokine-stimulation of matrixembedded EC results in significantly reduced adhesion of natural killer cells and proliferation of co-cultivated allogeneicT cells. On the contrary, matrix-embedded EC induce an immune-inhibitory phenotype of dendritic cells and T regulatory cells to a greater extent than non-embedded EC. As vascular diseases are associated with profound changes in basement membrane composition and overall tissue architecture, our results indicate that the immediate environment of EC might play a pivotal role in initiating and regulating of different vascular diseases. Cell-matrix interconnections appear to govern endothelial immunogenicity and interactions between EC and immune cells.
Effects of a Monoclonal Antibody Raised Against Nerve Growth Factor on Skeletal Pain and Bone Healing After Fracture of the C57BL/6J Mouse Femur
Authors: Koewler Nathan J , Freeman Katie T , Buus Ryan J , Herrera Monica B , Jimenez-Andrade Juan M , Ghilardi Joseph R , Peters Christopher M , Sullivan Lucy J , Kuskowski Michael A , Lewis Jack L , Mantyh Patrick W 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
A closed femur fracture pain model was developed in the C57BL/6J mouse. One day after fracture, a monoclonal antibody raised against nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) was delivered intraperitoneally and resulted in a reduction in fracture pain-related behaviors of ∼50%. Anti-NGF therapy did not interfere with bone healing as assessed by mechanical testing and histomorphometric analysis.
Introduction: Current therapies to treat skeletal fracture pain are limited. This is because of the side effect profile of available analgesics and the scarcity of animal models that can be used to understand the mechanisms that drive this pain. Whereas previous studies have shown that mineralized bone, marrow, and periosteum are innervated by sensory and sympathetic fibers, it is not understood how skeletal pain is generated and maintained even in common conditions such as osteoarthritis, low back pain, or fracture.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we characterized the pain-related behaviors after a closed femur fracture in the C57BL/6J mouse. Additionally, we assessed the effect of a monoclonal antibody that binds to and sequesters nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) on pain-related behaviors and bone healing (mechanical properties and histomorphometric analysis) after fracture.
Results: Administration of anti-NGF therapy (10 mg/kg, days 1, 6, and 11 after fracture) resulted in a reduction of fracture pain-related behaviors of ∼50%. Attenuation of fracture pain was evident as early as 24 h after the initial dosing and remained efficacious throughout the course of fracture pain. Anti-NGF therapy did not modify biomechanical properties of the femur or histomorphometric indices of bone healing.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that therapies that target NGF or its cognate receptor(s) may be effective in attenuating nonmalignant fracture pain without interfering with bone healing.
Mixture and single-substance acute toxicity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in Ceriodaphnia dubia
Authors: Henry Theodore B. , Black Marsha C. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are neurologically active drugs that can contaminate surface waters and have the potential to negatively affect aquatic organisms. In this investigation, the 48-h acute toxicity of mixtures (binary and quaternary) of four common SSRIs (fluoxetine [Prozac®], sertraline [Zoloft®], paroxetine [Paxil®], and citalopram [Celexa®]) were determined in the daphnid Ceriodaphnia dubia. Logistic regression was used to model mortality data and to investigate the applicability of concentration addition and independent action models to explain observed mortality. The concentrations estimated to induce 50% mortality in 48 h for the individual SSRIs sertraline, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and citalopram were 0.48 to 0.66, 1.23 to 1.84, 2.23 to 3.57, and 10.47 to 14.53 μM, respectively. Concentration addition was a better predictor of mixture effects than independent action and suggested that the tested SSRIs have a similar mechanism of action. Results indicate that environmental hazard assessments should be conservative and consider that acutely toxic effects in aquatic organisms can be additive for each SSRI in a mixture.
A lateral flow immunoassay for rapid evaluation of vitellogenin levels in plasma and surface mucus of the copper redhorse (Moxostoma hubbsi)
Authors: Maltais Domynick , Roy Robert L. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
We tested a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for detecting vitellogenin (VTG) in plasma and surface mucus of copper redhorse, Moxostoma hubbsi, a threatened fish species. The LFIA detected VTG in samples from estradiol-induced fish, though there was no reaction in samples from noninduced individuals. The minimum detection range was 0.08 to 0.60 μg VTG/ml, comparable to other methods. The LFIA has the potential to detect exposure to estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Interference of contaminated sediment extracts and environmental pollutants with retinoid signaling
Authors: Novák Jir̆í , Benís̆ek Martin , Pacherník Jir̆í , Janos̆ek Jaroslav , S̆idlová Tereza , Kiviranta Hannu , Verta Matti , Giesy John P. , Bláha Ludĕk , Hilscherová Klára 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Retinoids are known to regulate important processes such as differentiation, development, and embryogenesis. Some effects, such as malformations in frogs or changes in metabolism of birds, could be related to disruption of the retinoid signaling pathway by exposure to organic contaminants. A new reporter gene assay has been established for evaluation of the modulation of retinoid signaling by individual chemicals or environmental samples. The bioassay is based on the pluripotent embryonic carcinoma cell line P19 stably transfected with the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a retinoic acid-responsive element (clone P19/A15). The cell line was used to characterize the effects of individual chemicals and sediments extracts on retinoid signaling pathways. The extracts of sediments from the River Kymi, Finland, which contained polychlorinated dioxins and furans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), significantly increased the potency of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), while no effect was observed with the extract of the sediment from reference locality. Considerable part of the effect was caused by the labile fraction of the sediment extracts. Also, several individual PAHs potentiated the effect of ATRA; on the other hand, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and several phthalates showed slightly inhibiting effect. These results suggest that PAHs could be able to modulate the retinoid signaling pathway and that they could be responsible for a part of the proretinoid activity observed in the sediment extracts. However, the effects of PAHs on the retinoic acid signaling pathways do not seem to be mediated directly by crosstalk with aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Effects of sodium chloride on chronic silver toxicity to early life stages of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Dethloff Gail M. , Naddy Rami B. , Gorsuch Joseph W. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The chronic (early life stage) toxicity of silver to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was determined in flow-through exposures. Rainbow trout embryos were exposed to silver (as AgNO3) from 48 h or less postfertilization to 30 d postswimup in soft water in the presence and absence of 49 mg/L of NaCl (30 mg/L of Cl). The studies determined effect levels for rainbow trout exposed throughout an extended development period and assessed possible protective effects of sodium chloride. Lowest-observed-effect concentrations were greater than 1.25 μg/L of dissolved silver for survival, mean day to hatch, mean day to swimup, and whole-body sodium content in both studies. Whole-body silver concentrations increased significantly at 0.13 μg/L of dissolved silver in unmodified water and at 1.09 μg/L of dissolved silver in amended water. The maximum-acceptable toxicant concentration for growth was greater than 1.25 μg/L of dissolved silver in unmodified water and 0.32 μg/L of dissolved silver in amended water. Whole-body silver concentrations were more sensitive than survival and growth end points in unmodified water. Interpretation of sodium chloride effects on chronic silver toxicity to rainbow trout was complicated by differences in measured effect levels that were potentially the result of strain differences between test organisms in the two studies.
Effects of insecticide exposure on feeding inhibition in mayflies and oligochaetes
Authors: Alexander Alexa C. , Culp Joseph M. , Liber Karsten , Cessna Allan J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of pulse exposures of the insecticide imidacloprid on the mayfly, Epeorus longimanus Eaton (Family Heptageniidae), and on an aquatic oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus Müller (Family Lumbriculidae). Pulse exposures of imidacloprid are particularly relevant for examination, because this insecticide is relatively soluble (510 mg/L) and is most likely to be at effect concentrations during runoff events. Experiments examined the recovery of organisms after a 24-h pulse exposure to imidacloprid over an environmentally realistic range of concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μg/L). Effects on feeding were measured by quantifying the algal biomass consumed by mayflies or foodstuffs egested by oligochaetes. Imidacloprid was highly toxic, with low 24-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) in early mayfly instars (24-h LC50, 2.1 ± 0.8 μg/L) and larger, later mayfly instars (24-h LC50, 2.1 ± 0.5 μg/L; 96-h LC50, 0.65 ± 0.15 μg/L). Short (24-h) pulses of imidacloprid in excess of 1 μg/L caused feeding inhibition, whereas recovery (4 d) varied, depending on the number of days after contaminant exposure. In contrast to mayflies, oligochaetes were relatively insensitive to imidacloprid during the short (24-h) pulse; however, immobility of oligochaetes was observed during a 4-d, continuous-exposure experiment, with 96-h median effective concentrations of 6.2 ± 1.4 μg/L. Overall, imidacloprid reduced the survivorship, feeding, and egestion of mayflies and oligochaetes at concentrations greater than 0.5 but less than 10 μg/L. Inhibited feeding and egestion indicate physiological and behavioral responses to this insecticide.
Statistical analysis of cytochrome P4501A biomarker measurements in fish
Authors: Oris James T. , Roberts Aaron P. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Induction of the cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) enzyme system in fish is a common biomarker of exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons. Induction of CYP1A can be measured at a number of steps in the transcription—translation—functional protein pathway using a variety of techniques. The present study examined the range of these measurements from 94 published papers in an attempt to examine the statistical characteristics of each method. Cytochrome P4501A induction, as measured by catalytic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, protein levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry), and mRNA levels (Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription—polymerase chain reaction), was analyzed. When possible, the variance structure, effect size determination, and dose—response modeling of each method of measurement in the laboratory and field were examined. Conclusions from this analysis include: 1) Because of interlaboratory and interspecies variability, general end-point determinations will need to be defined in terms of the statistically detectable fold-change of measurements relative to control or reference values, and 2) fold-change in EROD activity provides the most robust measure of the dose responsiveness of aromatic hydrocarbons within specific chemical classes (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). The relationship between the ability to measure statistical differences in induction level and the biological significance of those measurements has yet to be defined. To utilize these biomarkers in a risk assessment context, this relationship must be addressed at the scientific and management levels.
Making Sense of The Research on Gender and Ethics in Business: A Critical Analysis and Extension
Authors: Robin Donald , Babin Laurie 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:This article represents an attempt to organize, critique, and extend research findings on gender differences in business ethics. The focus is on two dependent variables—ethical judgment and behavioral intent. Differences in findings between student and professional groups are noted and theoretical implications are discussed. The new research provided for this article contains two benchmark studies undertaken with identical stimuli and identical measures. These studies were followed by two additional studies, using the same measures but different stimuli, as a partial replication and extension of the first two. Findings suggest that little difference exists between the genders on behavioral intent for professional groups and only minimal differences for the ethical judgment measures. Student results, however, produced more substantial differences for behavioral intention.