bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetable disease detection using an improved YOLOv8 algorithm in the greenhouse plant environment
Authors: Wang Xuewei , Liu Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study introduces YOLOv8n-vegetable, a model designed to address challenges related to imprecise detection of vegetable diseases in greenhouse plant environment using existing network models. The model incorporates several improvements and optimizations to enhance its effectiveness. Firstly, a novel C2fGhost module replaces partial C2f. with GhostConv based on Ghost lightweight convolution, reducing the model’s parameters and improving detection performance. Second, the Occlusion Perception Attention Module (OAM) is integrated into the Neck section to better preserve feature information after fusion, enhancing vegetable disease detection in greenhouse settings. To address challenges associated with detecting small-sized objects and the depletion of semantic knowledge due to varying scales, an additional layer for detecting small-sized objects is included. This layer improves the amalgamation of extensive and basic semantic knowledge, thereby enhancing overall detection accuracy. Finally, the HIoU boundary loss function is introduced, leading to improved convergence speed and regression accuracy. These improvement strategies were validated through experiments using a self-built vegetable disease detection dataset in a greenhouse environment. Multiple experimental comparisons have demonstrated the model's effectiveness, achieving the objectives of improving detection speed while maintaining accuracy and real-time detection capability. According to experimental findings, the enhanced model exhibited a 6.46% rise in mean average precision (mAP) over the original model on the self-built vegetable disease detection dataset under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, the parameter quantity and model size decreased by 0.16G and 0.21 MB, respectively. The proposed model demonstrates significant advancements over the original algorithm and exhibits strong competitiveness when compared with other advanced object detection models. The lightweight and fast detection of vegetable diseases offered by the proposed model presents promising applications in vegetable disease detection tasks.
Robot-assisted thoracic surgery for benign tumors at the cervicothoracic junction: a propensity-matched study
Authors: Maitiyasen Maierhaba , Peng Hao , Liu Yvxuan , Li Jingfeng , Gao Chuan , Chen Jing , Yi Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) for resecting benign tumors of the cervicothoracic junction. Between 2017 and 2021, a total of 54 patients with benign cervicothoracic junction tumors were included. Among them, 46 underwent RATS while 8 underwent open surgery. Using a propensity score based on four variables (age, sex, comorbidity, and tumor size). The outcomes compared included short-term outcomes such as blood loss, as well as long-term outcomes including respiratory function and patients' postoperative health-related quality of life. No operative deaths occurred in this study. RATS was associated with less intraoperative blood loss (102 < 380 ml, P = 0.001) and a shorter length of hospital stay (1.8 < 4.8, P < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 37 months, no recurrences were reported, and no statistically significant differences were found in the 3-year survival between the two groups. The postoperative respiratory function of patients with open surgery showed a significant decrease compared to preoperative levels and were lower than those of RATS patients. In terms of health-related quality of life, RATS was associated with a better mean EQ-5D-5L index than open surgery (0.808 > 0.650, P < 0.05). In RATS, tumor sizes > 5 cm (mean ± SD = 0.768 ± 0.111, P = 0.028) and neurogenic tumors (mean ± SD = 0.702 ± 0.082, P < 0.001) remained significantly and independently associated with a lower EQ-5D-5L index. This study demonstrated that robot-assisted thoracic surgery for benign tumors of the cervicothoracic junction is a safe and technically feasible procedure, particularly for tumors < 5 cm and non-neurogenic tumors.
Stability analysis of roadbed under flood scouring
Authors: Wang Rui , Tang Hongmei , Zhou Fuchuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSoil roadbed along the river suffers from water erosion at the bottom and collapse at the top under flood scouring, which leads to the suspension of upper pavement slab. In order to ensure the safety of soil roadbed along the river, this study explored the development mechanism of soil roadbed damage by flood in actual cases, and proposed the evolution process of instability under roadbed scouring. The stability law of roadbed along the river under flood scouring was analyzed, and the stability safety factor was corrected to analyze the sensitivity of water depth, flow rate, river bending angle and stability safety factor K in working conditions. The sensitivity of width and height of soil roadbed after flood scouring to water depth, flow velocity, river bending angle was investigated. Moreover, numerical simulation was carried out to determine the displacement nephogram and maximum shear stress nephogram of soil roadbed along the river under the conditions of road surface and roadbed load, vehicle loading or constant change of water depth. By comparing the above theories and engineering cases, the water damage mechanism of soil roadbed along the river was further verified.
Simulation of optoelectronic oscillator injection locking, pulling & spiking phenomena
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit , Hall Trevor James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComplex envelope and reduced phase simulation models describing the dynamical behaviour of an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) under injection by an external source are described. The models build on the foundations of a previously reported delay integral/differential equation (DDE) theory of injection locking of time delay oscillators (TDO) such as the OEO. The DDE formulation is particularly amenable to high precision simulation using the Simulink™ block diagram environment. The correspondence between the blocks and the oscillator components offers intuition and considerable freedom to explore different circuit architectures and design variations with minimal coding effort. The simulations facilitate the study of the profound effect the multimode nature of a TDO has on its dynamical behavior. The reduced phase models that make use of the Leeson approximation are generally successful in reproducing the results of complex envelope models for established oscillations except for spiking phenomena for which the Leeson approximation fails. Simulation results demonstrating phenomena not captured by classical injection theory are presented, including multimode oscillation, the appearance of sidemodes in the RF and phase noise spectrum, and persistent spike trains redolent of recent experimental observations of $$2\pi $$

2
π

phase pulse trains in a broadband OEO under injection.
Insights into kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms of chemically activated sunflower stem biochar for removal of phenol and bisphenol-A from wastewater
Authors: Lingamdinne Lakshmi Prasanna , Angaru Ganesh Kumar Reddy , Pal Chandrika Ashwinikumar , Koduru Janardhan Reddy , Karri Rama Rao , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Chang Yoon-Young 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study synthesized a highly efficient KOH-treated sunflower stem activated carbon (KOH-SSAC) using a two-step pyrolysis process and chemical activation using KOH. The resulting material exhibited exceptional properties, such as a high specific surface area (452 m2/g) and excellent adsorption capacities for phenol (333.03 mg/g) and bisphenol A (BPA) (365.81 mg/g). The adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic, benefiting from the synergistic effects of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and stacking interactions. Comparative analysis also showed that KOH-SSAC performed approximately twice as well as sunflower stem biochar (SSB), indicating its potential for water treatment and pollutant removal applications. The study suggests the exploration of optimization strategies to further enhance the efficiency of KOH-SSAC in large-scale scenarios. These findings contribute to the development of improved materials for efficient water treatment and pollution control.
Benefit of a laparoscopic jejunostomy feeding catheter insertion to prevent bowel obstruction associated with feeding jejunostomy after esophagectomy
Authors: Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Yokota Keiichiro , Utsunomiya Masato , Tanaka Tomoki , Namikawa Tsutomu , Kobayashi Michiya , Seo Satoru 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe placement of a jejunostomy catheter during esophagectomy may cause postoperative bowel obstruction. The proximity of the jejunostomy site to the midline might be associated with bowel obstruction, and we have introduced laparoscopic jejunostomy (Lap-J) to reduce jejunostomy’s left lateral gap. We evaluated 92 patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer between February 2013 and August 2022 to clarify the benefits of Lap-J compared to other methods. The patients were classified into two groups according to the method of feeding catheter insertion: jejunostomy via small laparotomy (J group, n = 75), and laparoscopic jejunostomy (Lap-J group, n = 17). Surgery for bowel obstruction associated with the feeding jejunostomy catheter (BOFJ) was performed on 11 in the J group. Comparing the J and Lap-J groups, the distance between the jejunostomy and midline was significantly longer in the Lap-J group (50 mm vs. 102 mm; P < 0.001). Regarding surgery for BOFJ, the distance between the jejunostomy and midline was significantly shorter in the surgery group than in the non-surgery group (43 mm vs. 52 mm; P = 0.049). During esophagectomy, Lap-J can prevent BOFJ by placing the jejunostomy site at the left lateral position to the midline and reducing the left lateral gap of the jejunostomy.
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is important for replication of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic RNA viruses
Authors: Xu Zaikun , Elaish Mohamed , Wong Cheung Pang , Hassan Bardes B. , Lopez-Orozco Joaquin , Felix-Lopez Alberto , Ogando Natacha S. , Nagata Les , Mahal Lara K. , Kumar Anil , Wilson Joyce A. , Noyce Ryan , Mayers Irv , Power Christopher , Evans David , Hobman Tom C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how viruses affect cellular pathways during infection may facilitate development of host cell-targeted therapeutics with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. The interferon (IFN) response is critical for reducing replication and pathogenesis of many viruses including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. Mounting evidence indicates that peroxisomes which are best known as metabolic organelles, function in the IFN response. Recently, we reported that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway strongly suppresses peroxisome biogenesis. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and hypothesized that pharmacological inhibition of this pathway would result in increased peroxisome formation and enhanced IFN production. Indeed, Wnt/β-catenin signaling potently inhibits replication of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogenic RNA viruses in vitro and reduces viral load, inflammation and clinical symptoms in a mouse model of COVID-19. As such, targeting this cellular pathway may have prophylactic and/or therapeutic value in reducing the disease burden caused by emerging viral pathogens.
IRE1 RNase controls CD95-mediated cell death
Authors: Pelizzari-Raymundo Diana , Maltret Victoria , Nivet Manon , Pineau Raphael , Papaioannou Alexandra , Zhou Xingchen , Caradec Flavie , Martin Sophie , Le Gallo Matthieu , Avril Tony , Chevet Eric , Lafont Elodie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSignalling by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) or by the Death Receptors (DR) are frequently activated towards pro-tumoral outputs in cancer. Herein, we demonstrate that the UPR sensor IRE1 controls the expression of the DR CD95/Fas, and its cell death-inducing ability. Both genetic and pharmacologic blunting of IRE1 activity increased CD95 expression and exacerbated CD95L-induced cell death in glioblastoma (GB) and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell lines. In accordance, CD95 mRNA was identified as a target of Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay of RNA (RIDD). Whilst CD95 expression is elevated in TNBC and GB human tumours exhibiting low RIDD activity, it is surprisingly lower in XBP1s-low human tumour samples. We show that IRE1 RNase inhibition limited CD95 expression and reduced CD95-mediated hepatic toxicity in mice. In addition, overexpression of XBP1s increased CD95 expression and sensitized GB and TNBC cells to CD95L-induced cell death. Overall, these results demonstrate the tight IRE1-mediated control of CD95-dependent cell death in a dual manner through both RIDD and XBP1s, and they identify a novel link between IRE1 and CD95 signalling.
Therapeutic implication of human placental extract to prevent liver cirrhosis in rats with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Yamagata Mitsuyoshi , Tsuchishima Mutsumi , Saito Takashi , Tsutsumi Mikihiro , George Joseph 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is always accompanied with hepatic fibrosis that could potentially progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Employing a rat model, we evaluated the role of human placental extract (HPE) to arrest the progression of hepatic fibrosis to cirrhosis in patients with MASH. SHRSP5/Dmcr rats were fed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks and evaluated for the development of steatosis. The animals were divided into control and treated groups and received either saline or HPE (3.6 ml/kg body weight) subcutaneously thrice a week. A set of animals were killed at the end of 6th, 8th, and 12th weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione content were measured. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), collagen type I, and type III. Control rats depicted progression of liver fibrosis at 6 weeks, advanced fibrosis and bridging at 8 weeks, and cirrhosis at 12 weeks, which were significantly decreased in HPE-treated animals. Treatment with HPE maintained normal levels of MDA and glutathione in the liver. There was marked decrease in the staining intensity of α-SMA, 4-HNE, and collagen type I and type III in HPE treated rats compared with control animals. The results of the present study indicated that HPE treatment mediates immunotropic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant responses and attenuates hepatic fibrosis and early cirrhosis. HPE depicts therapeutic potential to arrest the progression of MASH towards cirrhosis.
Experimental and numerical study on atmospheric‐pressure air dielectric barrier discharge via 50 Hz/5000 Hz dual‐frequency excitation
Authors: He Junwen , Peng Bangfa , Yu Guanglin , Wang Ronggang , Jiang Nan , Li Jie , Wu Yan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA dual‐frequency (DF) dielectric barrier discharge, excited by the superposition of a 50 Hz low frequency (LF) and a 5000 Hz intermediate frequency (IF), is proposed to enhance discharge. The effect of the LF voltage component on the breakdown behaviour of the DF discharge during different periods has been studied both experimentally and numerically. The number of high‐current pulses rises as the LF voltage increases. The statistical analysis shows that the number of the current pulse amplitude above 80 mA in the DF discharge reaches nearly 6 times that in the IF discharge. Additionally, the total discharge energy in the DF discharge is significantly higher than that in the IF discharge. The simulation reproduces the temporal variation of the breakdown behaviours in the DF discharge. The simulated results reveal that the maximal electric field strength of the breakdown process is greater in the DF discharge compared to the IF discharge during a half‐period of DF. Finally, the comparison between the IF and DF discharges exhibits that the LF voltage regulates the accumulation of residual charged species on the dielectric surface after the breakdown by modulating the residual voltage between the air gap.
Investigation of Strain and deformation analysis of Biomaterial in Dental Implant: A 3D FEA Study
Authors: Jackson Irudhayam S. , Hariram V. 
Published: February 2024

In this study, the deformation and strain values in the periimplant bone were assessed in order to examine the impacts of three different dental implant thread pitch settings. In this work, the diameter, length, material, and elastic modulus impacts on the biomechanical behaviour of a new dental implant were predicted using the finite element method. Both a three-dimensional dental implant model and a mandibular segment model that matched the premolar region were acquired. loads that are axially applied. The dental implant models were built using Solidworks 2021, and the simulations were carried out using Ansys / CAE.
In this work, FEA was used to analyse how the bioactive material (30% CFR PEEK) and implant thread design influenced strain and distortion in the implantation. According to the study's hypotheses, the 30% CFR PEEK implant system will be made of an isotropic, homogeneous, and linearly elastic material. Using the modelling software tools Solidworks and Ansys Workbench, strain and deformation at the implant and implant-cortical bone contact are examined and evaluated. In the present investigation, FEA was used to analyse how the bioactive material (30% CFR PEEK) and thread design affected strain and distortion in the implantation system. The 30% CFR PEEK implant system will reportedly be built of an isotropic, homogenous, and linearly elastic substance, according to the study's hypothesis. We study and assess strain and distortion at the implant, cortical and cancellous bone using the modelling software tools Solidworks and Ansys Workbench.
Heilungshindernisse überwinden …
Authors: Jahn Claus 
Published: February 2024

SummaryTherapieblockaden können verschiedenste Ursachen haben. Eine detaillierte Befunderhebung und eine empirisch belegte Wahrscheinlichkeitshierarchie helfen bei der Ursachenfindung. Zu unterscheiden von Therapieblockaden ist ein vollständiges Therapieversagen, das zum Beispiel in der falschen Diagnose oder einer nicht korrekt gewählten Therapie begründet sein kann. Neben einer großen Vielfalt an Komplexhomöopathika eignet sich zur Behandlung von Therapieblockaden ein multipragmatischer Ansatz, bei dem die Ordnungstherapie nicht fehlen sollte.
Wissen kompakt: Der atopische Formenkreis
Authors: Bastian Petra 
Published: February 2024

SummaryDie atopische Trias oder der atopische Formenkreis beschreibt die Erkrankungen Neurodermitis (atopisches Ekzem oder auch atopische Dermatitis), allergisches Asthma sowie spezifische Allergien. Sie entstehen alle aufgrund einer genetischen Veranlagungsowie schädlicher Umweltfaktoren.
User-centered Design and Formative Evaluation of a Web Application to Collect and Visualize Real-time Clinician Well-being Levels
Authors: Shu Derek , Xu Catherine T. , Pandey Somya , Walls Virginia , Tenney Kristen , Georgilis Abby , Melink Lisa , Wu Danny T.Y. , Molano Jennifer Rose 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background Clinician burnout is increasingly prevalent in the health care workplace. Hospital leadership needs an informatics tool to measure clinicians' well-being levels and provide empirical evidence to improve their work environment.
Objectives This study aimed to (1) design and implement a web-based application to collect and visualize clinicians' well-being levels and (2) conduct formative usability evaluation.
Methods Clinician and staff well-being champions guided the development of the Well-being Check application. User-centered design and Agile principles were used for incremental development of the app. The app included a customizable survey and an interactive visualization. The survey consisted of six standard, two optional, and three additional questions. The interactive visualization included various charts and word clouds with filters for drill-down analysis. The evaluation was done primarily with the rehabilitation (REHAB) team using data-centered approaches through historical survey data and qualitative coding of the free-text explanations and user-centered approaches through the System Usability Scale (SUS).
Results The evaluation showed that the app appropriately accommodated historical survey data from the REHAB team, enabling the comparison between self-assessed and perceived team well-being levels, and summarized key drivers based on the qualitative coding of the free-text explanations. Responses from the 23 REHAB team members showed an above-average score (SUS: 80.22), indicating high usability of the app.
Conclusion The Well-being Check app was developed in a user-centered manner and evaluated to demonstrate its effectiveness and usability. Future work includes iterative refinement of the app and designing a pre-poststudy using the app to measure the change in clinicians' well-being levels for quality improvement intervention.
Hard magnetics and soft materials—a synergy
Authors: Narayanan P , Pramanik R , Arockiarajan A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hard-magnetic soft materials (hMSMs) are smart composites that consist of a mechanically soft polymer matrix impregnated with mechanically hard magnetic filler particles. This dual-phase composition renders them with exceptional magneto-mechanical properties that allow them to undergo large reversible deformations under the influence of external magnetic fields. Over the last decade, hMSMs have found extensive applications in soft robotics, adaptive structures, and biomedical devices. However, despite their widespread utility, they pose considerable challenges in fabrication and magneto-mechanical characterization owing to their multi-phase nature, miniature length scales, and nonlinear material behavior. Although noteworthy attempts have been made to understand their coupled nature, the rudimentary concepts of inter-phase interactions that give rise to their mechanical nonlinearity remain insufficiently understood, and this impedes their further advancements. This holistic review addresses these standalone concepts and bridges the gaps by providing a thorough examination of their myriad fabrication techniques, applications, and experimental, and modeling approaches. Specifically, the review presents a wide spectrum of fabrication techniques, ranging from traditional molding to cutting-edge four-dimensional printing, and their unbounded prospects in diverse fields of research. The review covers various modeling approaches, including continuum mechanical frameworks encompassing phenomenological and homogenization models, as well as microstructural models. Additionally, it addresses emerging techniques like machine learning-based modeling in the context of hMSMs. Finally, the expansive landscape of these promising material systems is provided for a better understanding and prospective research.