bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibromyalgia pain and its modulation by hypnotic and non‐hypnotic suggestion: An fMRI analysis
Authors: Derbyshire Stuart W.G. , Whalley Matthew G. , Oakley David A. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTThe neuropsychological status of pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, commonly categorized as ‘psychosomatic’ or ‘functional’ disorders, remains controversial. Activation of brain structures dependent upon subjective alterations of fibromyalgia pain experience could provide an insight into the underlying neuropsychological processes. Suggestion following a hypnotic induction can readily modulate the subjective experience of pain. It is unclear whether suggestion without hypnosis is equally effective. To explore these and related questions, suggestions following a hypnotic induction and the same suggestions without a hypnotic induction were used during functional magnetic resonance imaging to increase and decrease the subjective experience of fibromyalgia pain. Suggestion in both conditions resulted in significant changes in reported pain experience, although patients claimed significantly more control over their pain and reported greater pain reduction when hypnotised. Activation of the midbrain, cerebellum, thalamus, and midcingulate, primary and secondary sensory, inferior parietal, insula and prefrontal cortices correlated with reported changes in pain with hypnotic and non‐hypnotic suggestion. These activations were of greater magnitude, however, when suggestions followed a hypnotic induction in the cerebellum, anterior midcingulate cortex, anterior and posterior insula and the inferior parietal cortex. Our results thus provide evidence for the greater efficacy of suggestion following a hypnotic induction. They also indicate direct involvement of a network of areas widely associated with the pain ‘neuromatrix’ in fibromyalgia pain experience. These findings extend beyond the general proposal of a neural network for pain by providing direct evidence that regions involved in pain experience are actively involved in the generation of fibromyalgia pain.
Randomized placebo‐controlled trial of pantoprazole for daytime sleepiness in GERD and obstructive sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Suurna Maria V. , Welge Jeff , Surdulescu Victoria , Kushner Jonathan , Steward David L. 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVETo determine the efficacy of pantoprazole therapy for daytime somnolence, psychomotor vigilance, and quality of life in patients with mild‐moderate obstructive sleep disordered breathing (OSDB) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).STUDY DESIGNRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial.METHODSSixty patients with daytime sleepiness, mildmoderate OSDB and GERD were randomly assigned a 2‐week treatment with pantoprazole 40 mg or placebo followed by a 2‐week washout period and crossover respectively to 2‐week treatment with placebo or pantoprazole. Outcomes included Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), sleep‐related quality‐of‐life (FOSQ), and reaction time.RESULTSWith pantoprazole, patients reported statistically significantly greater improvement of overall reflux symptoms (P = 0.0003) and in ESS (P = 0.04). A significant improvement was noted in FOSQ for both treatments with a trend toward greater improvement with pantoprazole (P = 0.058). No improvement in reaction times was observed.CONCLUSIONPatients with coexistent GERD and OSDB noted significant improvement in daytime sleepiness after treatment with pantoprazole over placebo likely related to a reduction in nocturnal reflux‐related arousals.
Radiologic and histologic characterization of silk fibroin as scaffold coating for rabbit tracheal defect repair
Authors: Ni Yusu , Zhao Xia , Zhou Liang , Shao Zhengzhong , Yan Wenhong , Chen Xin , Cao Zhengbing , Xue Zhen , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVESTo explore the feasibility of silk fibroin as a biomaterial coating used in tracheal defect reconstruction.METHODSSilk fibroin was subcutaneously embedded in three rabbits and as an artificial implant material coating to reconstruct 12 rabbits' tracheal defects. The postoperative radiologic and histologic characterization was summarized.RESULTSThe thickness of the fibroblasts layer covering the porus and nonporus silk fibroin film was 240.4 ± 9.9 and 302.3 ± 10.5 μm, respectively, and there was no statistical difference (P < 0.05) within each group. There was no foreign‐body granuloma or macrophagocyte infiltration around the silk film. The tracheal reconstruction study showed a normal mucous membrane with normal cilial growth on the artificial implant and no visible granulation tissue in the reconstructed tracheal cavity.CONCLUSIONSSilk fibroin is a potential new biomaterial coating for tracheal defect reconstruction. The mechanism of silk fibroin appears to promote tracheal mucous membrane, which may be related to its molecular structure and biology.
A comparison of postoperative pain and complications in tonsillectomy using BiClamp forceps and electrocautery tonsillectomy
Authors: Lee Seung Won , Jeon Soo Sung , Lee Jong Dae , Lee Jae Yong , Kim Shi Chan , Koh Yoon Woo 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVESTo compare the efficacy and safety of BiClamp forceps tonsillectomy (BT) with standard electrocautery tonsillectomy (ET) in terms of postoperative pain and complication rates.STUDY DESIGNProspective randomized study.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe following variables were examined: postoperative complications, intraoperative blood loss, operating time, postoperative pain and diet scores using visual analog scales, and time until return to normal activity.RESULTSThe mean operating time and the grade of intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in the BT group than in the ET group for both pediatric and adult patients. For adult patients, the overall complication rates were significantly lower in the BT group. In addition, a significant early decrease in the pain score and significant improvement in dietary intake until postoperative day 14 were observed in the BT group for both pediatric and adult patients.CONCLUSIONSThe use of BiClamp forceps in tonsillectomy reduces the intraoperative blood loss and postoperative pain score, and facilitates an early return to normal diet and activity.
Effect of absence of malleus on ossiculoplasty in human temporal bones
Authors: Shimizu Yoshitaka , Goode Richard L. 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVEWe evaluated the effect of malleus presence or absence on middle ear sound transmission after middle ear reconstruction in a temporal bone model.STUDY DESIGNHuman cadaveric temporal bone study.METHODSThe velocity of the stapes footplate was measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer. After baseline measurements in eight intact temporal bones, reconstructed middle ear transmission with and without the malleus was analyzed. Furthermore, to assess the influence of interposed cartilage, cartilage pieces of three different diameters were inserted and the three test conditions compared.RESULTSReconstruction without a malleus tended to be slightly worse at 0.6 to 3.0 kHz. However, these differences were not statistically significant. In the cartilage experiments, the large‐diameter cartilage was the worst at 0.25 kHz and 0.5 kHz but was better than the medium‐diameter cartilages at 3.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONAbsence of the malleus impaired middle ear sound transmission slightly in the mid frequencies compared to reconstruction with the malleus present; the differences were not statistically significant.
Expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1a in the nasal polyps by real‐time RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Chien Chen‐Yu , Tai Chih‐Feng , Ho Kuen‐Yao , Kuo Wen‐Rei , Chai Chee‐Yin , Hsu Ying‐Che , Wang Ling‐Feng 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVEHypoxia may result in increased recruitment of inflammatory cells and release of various inflammatory cytokines. Local hypoxia within the sinus is believed to aggravate sinus inflammation. In this study, we tried to investigate the correlation of hypoxia‐inducible factor, which is upregulated under hypoxic condition, and nasal polyposis.SUBJECTS AND METHODSForty‐four polyps from patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery and 38 inferior turbinate mucosa were obtained for immunohistochemical staining. Twenty‐three polyps and 22 turbinate mucosa also underwent real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction for quantification of messenger RNA (mRNA). The severity of the disease was judged by the Lund‐Mackay CT scoring.RESULTSExpression of hypoxia‐inducible factor protein, but not mRNA, was significantly increased in nasal polyps compared with that in the turbinate mucosa, but it did not correlate with the disease severity.CONCLUSIONWe suggest that hypoxia may have a role in the initiation of nasal polyposis.
Effect of deep breathing exercises on oxygenation after major head and neck surgery
Authors: Genç Arzu , Ikiz Ahmet Omer , Güneri Enis Alpin , Günerli Ali 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVESTo investigate respiratory and hemodynamic responses to deep breathing exercise (DBE) during the follow‐up period in the intensive care unit after major head and neck surgery.STUDY DESIGNProspective study.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThirty‐five patients were instructed to perform DBE every hour for 3 consecutive hours during the first postoperative day. The ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2), oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded.RESULTSDBE increased the PaO2/FiO2 ratio from 416.7 ± 143.6 to 453.4 ± 141.4 mm Hg and increased SpO2 from 97.4 ± 1.9 to 99.2 ± 0.9. DBE decreased the RR from 24.1 ± 3.3 to 21.8 ± 2.9 breaths/min (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in HR or MAP was observed after DBE (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONDBE improves oxygenation after major head and neck surgery, without causing additional harmful hemodynamic effects.
The safety of multi‐dose vials in allergy immunotherapy
Authors: Lin Sandra Y. , Lay P. Chase , Hughes Larry F. , Bass Richard 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVETo prospectively evaluate the risks of vial contamination after routine clinical use of multiple‐dose vials for immunotherapy.STUDY DESIGNProspective observational study of immunotherapy vial cultures from June 2007 to January 2008.SETTINGTertiary care outpatient otolaryngology clinic.RESULTSOver an 8‐month period, 136 consecutive vials were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria at the 3‐month expiration date after regular use in an outpatient allergy clinic and dispensation of multiple doses of injection immunotherapy from each vial. All vials had negative cultures.CONCLUSIONImmunotherapy vials are at low risk to undergo contamination in routine use. Important factors include aseptic technique, bacteriostatic agents, and expiration dating.
Anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses in Polynesian and New Zealand European computerized tomography scans
Authors: Keast Allan , Sofie Yelavich , Dawes Patrick , Lyons Brett 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVEThis study was designed to compare the incidence of anatomical variations displayed on computerized tomography scans of individuals that identify as Polynesian or New Zealand Europeans.STUDY DESIGNA retrospective analysis of computerized tomography of the paranasal sinuses. All scans were examined for a number of anatomical variations and the prevalence directly compared according to ethnic group.SETTINGAll scans were performed at a tertiary referral center (Dunedin Public Hospital).SUBJECTSParticipants underwent computerized tomography of the paranasal sinuses for various indications. Ethnicity was determined from the electronic hospital record.RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the prevalence of anatomical variations between Polynesians and New Zealand Europeans. Our study results are comparable with other studies of Caucasian paranasal sinus anatomy.CONCLUSIONSWhen performing endoscopic sinus surgery on those with Polynesian ethnicity, there are no specific anatomical variations to take into account.
Capillary blood gas: A novel means of assessing free flap perfusion in an animal model
Authors: Lesnik Gregory T. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Herman Peter , Ross Ann , Ross Douglas A. 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate that in comparison to implantable O2 microelectrodes, capillary blood gas measurements represent a reliable, accessible, and easy method of identifying failing free flaps.STUDY DESIGNGroin fasciocutaneous flaps were elevated in 10 rats and following venous occlusion, O2 microelectrode measurements (pO2 and flow), and capillary blood gas measurements (pO2, pCO2, pH, HCO3) were obtained at 10‐minute intervals.RESULTSMeasurements with capillary blood gas paralleled measurements with O2 microelectrodes. Average capillary blood gas pO2 fell from 42.71 to 31.57 mm Hg at 10 minutes and then to 28.67 mm Hg at 20 minutes. Average pH fell from 7.38 to 7.33 at 10 minutes and to 7.30 at 20 minutes. Results were statistically significant with both the paired Student's t test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test.CONCLUSIONWhile providing users an ability to simultaneously monitor accepted modalities of flap surveillance, pH and pO2, capillary blood gas is a reliable, accessible, and reproducible marker of flap health.
The effect of comorbidity on quality of life during radiotherapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Oozeer Nashreen Banon , Benbow Jen , Downs Carole , Kelly Charles , Welch Andrew , Paleri Vinidh 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVETo identify the impact of comorbidity on quality of life during radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.STUDY DESIGNProspective assessment of quality of life and retrospective assessment of comorbidity.SUBJECTS AND METHODSPatients' quality of life was assessed at the start and twice during radiation treatment with the University of Washington Quality of Life questionnaire. Comorbidity was assessed from the case notes of 91 patients with the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation‐27 index.RESULTSA mean comorbidity burden of 1.07 was found. Comorbid illnesses afflicted a little more than 60 percent of our cohort. Patients with moderate to severe comorbidity had statistically significantly worse quality of life at the start (P = 0.044) and midpoint of treatment (P = 0.005), but not at the end of treatment (P = 0.114). The magnitude of change of these scores after treatment was not influenced by comorbidity.CONCLUSIONOn the basis of severity of decompensation, radiotherapy does not produce a differential impact on the quality of life.
Seasonality of rDNA- and rRNA-derived archaeal communities and methanogenic potential in a boreal mire
Authors: Juottonen Heli , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina , Juutinen Sari , Fritze Hannu , Yrjälä Kim 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from boreal wetlands show considerable seasonal variation, including small winter emissions. We addressed the seasonality of CH4-producing microbes by comparing archaeal communities and the rates and temperature response of CH4 production in a boreal fen at three key phases of growing season and in winter. Archaeal community analysis by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and cloning of 16S ribosomal DNA and reverse-transcribed RNA revealed slight community shifts with season. The main archaeal groups remained the same throughout the year and were Methanosarcinaceae, Rice cluster II and Methanomicrobiales-associated Fen cluster. These methanogens and the crenarchaeal groups 1.1c and 1.3 were detected from DNA and RNA, but the family Methanosaetaceae was detected only from RNA. Differences between DNA- and RNA-based results suggested higher stability of DNA-derived communities and better representation of the active CH4 producers in RNA. Methane production potential, measured as formation of CH4 in anoxic laboratory incubations, showed prominent seasonality. The potential was strikingly highest in winter, possibly due to accumulation of methanogenic substrates, and maximal CH4 production was observed at ca. 30 °C. Archaeal community size, determined by quantitative PCR, remained similar from winter to summer. Low production potential in late summer after a water level draw-down suggested diminished activity due to oxygen exposure. Our results indicated that archaeal community composition and size in the boreal fen varied only slightly despite the large fluctuations of methanogenic potential. Detection of mRNA of the methanogenic mcrA gene confirmed activity of methanogens in winter, accounting for previously reported winter CH4 emissions.
The rational exploration of microbial diversity
Authors: Quince Christopher , Curtis Thomas P , Sloan William T 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The exploration of the microbial world has been an exciting series of unanticipated discoveries despite being largely uninformed by rational estimates of the magnitude of task confronting us. However, in the long term, more structured surveys can be achieved by estimating the diversity of microbial communities and the effort required to describe them. The rates of recovery of new microbial taxa in very large samples suggest that many more taxa remain to be discovered in soils and the oceans. We apply a robust statistical method to large gene sequence libraries from these environments to estimate both diversity and the sequencing effort required to obtain a given fraction of that diversity. In the upper ocean, we predict some 1400 phylotypes, and a mere fivefold increase in shotgun reads could yield 90% of the metagenome, that is, all genes from all taxa. However, at deep ocean, hydrothermal vents and diversities in soils can be up to two orders of magnitude larger, and hundreds of times the current number of samples will be required just to obtain 90% of the taxonomic diversity based on 3% difference in 16S rDNA. Obtaining 90% of the metagenome will require tens of thousands of times the current sequencing effort. Although the definitive sequencing of hyperdiverse environments is not yet possible, we can, using taxa-abundance distributions, begin to plan and develop the required methods and strategies. This would initiate a new phase in the exploration of the microbial world.
Quantitative Contributions of the Muscles of the Tongue, Floor-of-Mouth, Jaw, and Velum to Tongue-to-Palate Pressure Generation
Authors: Palmer Phyllis M. , Jaffe Debra M. , McCulloch Timothy M. , Finnegan Eileen M. , Van Daele Douglas J. , Luschei Erich S. 
Published: July 2008

Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between tongue-to-palate pressure and the electromyography (EMG) measured from the mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, geniohyoid, medial pterygoid, velum, genioglossus, and intrinsic tongue muscles.

Methods
Seven healthy adults performed tongue-to-palate pressure tasks at known percentages of their maximum pressure while intramuscular EMG was recorded from the muscles stated above. Multiple regression analysis was performed.

Results
Predictors of pressure included the posterior fibers of the genioglossus, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, medial pterygoid, and intrinsic tongue.

Conclusions
Increasing tongue-to-palate pressure coincides with increased muscle activity. Activation of the floor-of-mouth, tongue, and jaw closing muscles increased tongue-to-palate pressure. These findings support the use of a tongue-press exercise to strengthen floor-of-mouth muscles, tongue, and jaw-closing muscles.
The Influence of Stuttering Severity on Acoustic Startle Responses
Authors: Ellis John B. , Finan Donald S. , Ramig Peter R. 
Published: July 2008

Purpose
This study examined the potential impact of stuttering severity, as measured by the Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory (Woolf, 1967) on acoustic startle responses.

Method
Three groups, consisting of 10 nonstuttering adults, 9 mild stutterering adults, and 11 moderate/severe stutterering adults, were presented with identical 95-dB acoustic stimuli to elicit acoustic startle responses across 10 trials. Electromyographic recordings of orbicularis occuli activity were used to measure individual acoustic startle responses.

Results
Participant groups failed to exhibit statistically significant differences in initial acoustic startle response amplitude, mean acoustic startle response amplitude, habituation rates, and onset latency. Acoustic startle responses were characterized by high levels of variability across all participant groups but with highest levels of variability in the moderate/severe stuttering group.

Conclusions
The current results suggest that stuttering severity, as measured in this study, does not effectively predict acoustic startle responses in groups of adults who stutter.
Identification of Children’s Stuttered and Nonstuttered Speech by Highly Experienced Judges: Binary Judgments and Comparisons With Disfluency-Types Definitions
Authors: Bothe Anne K. 
Published: July 2008

Purpose
The purposes of this study were (a) to determine whether highly experienced clinicians and researchers agreed with each other in judging the presence or absence of stuttering in the speech of children who stutter and (b) to determine how those binary stuttered/nonstuttered judgments related to categorizations of the same speech based on disfluency-types descriptions of stuttering.

Method
Eleven highly experienced judges made binary judgments of the presence or absence of stuttering for 600 audiovisually recorded 5-s speech samples from twenty 2- to 8-year-old children who stuttered. These judgments were compared with each other and with disfluency-types judgments in multiple interval-by-interval assessments and by using multiple definitions of agreement.

Results
Interjudge agreement for the highly experienced judges in the binary stuttered/nonstuttered task varied from 39.0% to 89.1%, depending on methods and definitions used. Congruence between binary judgments and categorizations based on disfluency types also varied depending on methods and definitions, from 21.6% to 100%.

Conclusions
Agreement among highly experienced judges, and congruence between their binary judgments of stuttering and categorizations based on disfluency types, were relatively high using some definitions and very low using others. These results suggest the use of measurement methods other than those based on disfluency types for quantifying or describing children’s stuttering. They also suggest both the need for, and potential methods for, training to increase judges’ accuracy and agreement in identifying children’s stuttering.
Speech Production in 12-Month-Old Children With and Without Hearing Loss
Authors: McGowan Richard S. , Nittrouer Susan , Chenausky Karen 
Published: July 2008

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare speech production at 12 months of age for children with hearing loss (HL) who were identified and received intervention before 6 months of age with those of children with normal hearing (NH).

Method
The speech production of 10 children with NH was compared with that of 10 children with HL whose losses were identified (better ear pure-tone average at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz poorer than 50 dB HL) and whose intervention started before 6 months of age. These children were recorded at 12 months of age interacting with a parent. Three properties of speech production were analyzed: (a) syllable shape, (b) consonant type, and (c) vowel formant frequencies.

Results
Children with HL had (a) fewer multisyllable utterances with consonants, (b) fewer fricatives and fewer stops with alveolar-velar stop place, and (c) more restricted front-back tongue positions for vowels than did the children with NH.

Conclusion
Even when hearing loss is identified shortly after birth, children with HL do not develop speech production skills as their peers with NH do at 12 months of age. This suggests that researchers need to consider their approaches to early intervention carefully.