bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Every-Other-Day Rosuvastatin Dosing in Patients with Prior Statin Intolerance
Authors: Backes James M , Venero Carmelo V , Gibson Cheryl A , Ruisinger Janelle F , Howard Patricia A , Thompson Paul D , Moriarty Patrick M 
Published: February 2008

Background: Statins are generally well tolerated, but some patients discontinue therapy secondary to adverse effects. Dosing a statin (rosuvastatin) every other day (EOD) may provide significant lipoprotein changes while avoiding common adverse effects in this statin-intolerant population. Objective: To determine the effect and tolerance of EOD rosuvastatin in patients previously intolerant to statin therapy. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients treated with EOD rosuvastatin at 2 lipid specialty clinics: the University of Kansas Lipid, Atherosclerosis, and LDL-Apheresis Center and the Hartford Hospital Cholesterol Management Center. Approximately 2600 charts were reviewed to identify patients receiving rosuvastatin EOD who previously had experienced statin intolerance. Fifty-one patients were eligible for the analysis, which evaluated changes in the lipid profile, the number achieving their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals, and the percent tolerating rosuvastatin EOD. Laboratory data were assessed immediately prior to rosuvastatin EOD therapy and at the first follow-up. Results: Myalgias (76.5%) and increased transaminase levels (19.5%) were the most common causes of prior statin intolerance, but 72.5% (37/51) of patients were able to tolerate the EOD therapy (mean dose 5.6 mg) regimen for 4 ± 2.9 (mean ± SD) months. Mean LDL-C decreased 34.5% (p < 0.001) in the patients who tolerated the regimen, enabling approximately 50% to achieve their LDL-C goal. All patients who were considered to be intolerant to rosuvastatin EOD therapy (27.5%; 14/51) reexperienced the symptoms of their prior statin intolerance. Conclusions: Treating patients intolerant to statins with rosuvastatin EOD was tolerated by the majority of patients and reduced LDL-C in our study. This dosing strategy may be useful in patients intolerant to once-daily statin dosing, although such an approach has not been documented to reduce cardiovascular events.
A comparison of treatment completers and non‐completers of an in‐patient treatment programme for male personality‐disordered offenders
Authors: McMurran Mary , Huband Nick , Duggan Conor 
Published: February 2008

Background. In the treatment of offenders with personality disorders, one matter that requires attention is the rate of treatment non‐completion. This is important as it has cost‐efficiency and negative outcome implications.Method. We compared the characteristics of those who participated in a personality disorder treatment programme divided into three groups: Group 1, treatment completers (N = 21); Group 2, those expelled for rule breaking (N = 16); and Group 3, those removed because they were not engaging in treatment (N = 19). We hypothesized that, compared with the other two groups, Group 2 would score higher on the impulsive/careless style scale, and that those in Group 3 would score higher on the avoidant style scale of the social problem‐solving inventory‐revised (SPSI‐R). Further, we hypothesized that high anxiety would be associated with treatment non‐completion in both the groups.Results. These differences were not found. However, in combining both groups of non‐completers for comparison, completers were shown to score significantly higher on SPSI‐R rational problem solving and significantly lower on SPSI‐R impulsive/careless style.Conclusion. Findings suggest that teaching impulsive people a rational approach to social problem solving may reduce their level of non‐completion.
Design research by practice: modes of writing in a recent Ph.D. from the RCA
Authors: Edwards Harriet , Woolf Natalie 
Published: February 2008

How do Design by Practice Ph.D. students occupy the territory of the Humanities Ph.D. thesis? This article, based on an analysis of a Design by Practice thesis, puts forward one answer to the question. It describes a project in which the voice, style, genre and structure were able to
emerge from the particular nature and thinking of a design project. It is written by an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) coordinator, in collaboration with the author of the thesis, who contributed visual and written extracts.
The article emerges from one element of an RCA T/L fellowship
(2006) that explored practice research culture from an English for Academic Purposes' (EAP) standpoint. The analysis has developed from earlier work on the academic culture of writing which advocated working from student writing exemplars, rather than from received models of writing.
The
aim of this article is not to put forward a fixed model of thesis writing but to emphasize principles that give rise to diverse writing outcomes. A celebration of heterogeneity then, that, through design practice, incorporates the orthodox beside the radical.
Writing in fine arts and design education in context
Authors: Borg Erik 
Published: February 2008

The inclusion of writing as a required component of qualifications in Fine Arts Practice and Design (FAP & D) was neither inevitable nor natural. It was the outcome of social processes in education and in the arts. The role of writing in FAP & D education has been contested
and in particular its role is currently called into question in relation to the practice-based Ph.D. (e.g. Candlin 2000).
The inclusion of writing in FAP & D education was a result of the development of theory as a central element in Fine Arts education and of changes in the institutions
that provide this education. This article will discuss the writings of Sir Nikolaus Pevsner amongst others and his role in shaping post-secondary education in FAP & D, the increasing prominence of theory, and the institutional changes that contributed to the inclusion of writing in arts
education.
This background will illuminate the ongoing discussion about the Ph.D. in FAP & D and contribute to discussions of the purposes of writing in creative practice.
Humor in apes
Authors: Gamble Jennifer 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Cognitive capacity of non-human primates has become a popular topic in recent years. Humor is an important indicator of mental function. For the four stages of humor development in children: 1.) inappropriate action. 2.) incongruous labels. 3.) incongruous features. and 4.) multiple word meanings, examples are presented from ape behavior. Apes appreciate and produce humor in a manner comparable to humans.
Risus Sardonicus: Neurotic and pathological laughter
Authors: Brottman Mikita 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Taking two moments from literature as a starting point and touchstone, this paper examines the kind of human laughter that is not associated with mirth, or even with humor. There are a number of medical cases in which pathological laughter has been identified as a side effect or symptom of neurological disorder; this paper considers these and other cases, where unexplained pathological laughter seems to be not a symptom of the disease, but the disease itself. Most theorists of laughter inevitably associate it with mirth, joy, moments of rebellion or of “sudden glory.” The paper considers the work of those philosophers and psychoanalysts who believe laughter to be more troublesome than many of us tend to assume, concluding that most human laughter may be as much about neurosis as catharsis, partaking less of the carnival than the apocalypse.
Reintroduction of Nassella pulchra to California coastal grasslands: Effects of topsoil removal, plant neighbour removal and grazing
Authors: Buisson Elise , Anderson Sean , Holl Karen D. , Corcket Emmanuel , Hayes Grey F. , Peeters Alain , Dutoit Thierry 
Published: February 2008

Question: What is the most appropriate combination of treatments to reintroduce Nassella pulchra, a perennial bunchgrass, into degraded mediterranean coastal grasslands?Location: Central coast of California, USA.Methods: N. pulchra was sown from seeds and transplanted into a degraded grassland in a multi‐factorial experiment testing the effects of (1) two grazing intensities (lightly grazed by native mammal species or ungrazed); (2) topsoil removal and (3) reduction of plant neighbours. The experiment was carried out on two types of surrounding vegetation (exotic annual grasses and exotic forbs).Results: Topsoil removal greatly enhanced establishment from seeds and transplant survival, mainly because it reduced the exotic vegetation and thus reduced competition. While removing neighbours was essential when topsoil was left intact, it had a negative effect on N. pulchra when surrounding species included exotic forbs (Brassica spec, and Asteraceae) at low density (after topsoil removal). Moderate grazing by native mammals (deer, rabbits and gophers) did not affect N. pulchra.Conclusion: Our results suggest that seeding after topsoil has been removed is a promising method to reintroduce N. pulchra to highly degraded sites where there is little to no native seed bank.
Germinable soil seed banks in abandoned grasslands in central and western Norway and their significance for restoration
Authors: Rosef Line 
Published: February 2008

Questions: Could the seed bank increase biodiversity during restoration of abandoned, species‐poor, formerly cultivated vegetation? Is it possible to identify how climate, soil and former and present management and vegetation affected the seed bank?Location: The study sites were eight abandoned grasslands, four in Orkdal, central Norway and four in Gaular, western Norway.Methods: 144 seed bank samples were collected from three depths. Each sample was sown and placed in a greenhouse. After three months, the trays were dried and stored at 4°C in a dry place for two months. This was repeated twice.Results: There was a separation of the two regions along the first DCA axis in both the seed bank and in the vegetation analysis and also a clear separation of the seed bank from the vegetation along the second axis. These results are caused by differences in former management as well as temperature, precipitation and soil type between Gaular and Orkdal. We found more annuals, short‐lived species and species demanding light open conditions in the seed bank than in the vegetation probably because these species have the capacity for producing persistent seeds. Most of the species found only in the seed bank were found in very few samples and with few individuals.Conclusion: These results suggest that it may be difficult to increase vegetation biodiversity through restoration of grasslands such as those investigated if the natural soil seed bank is the main seed source.
TDP‐43 A315T mutation in familial motor neuron disease
Authors: Gitcho Michael A. , Baloh Robert H. , Chakraverty Sumi , Mayo Kevin , Norton Joanne B. , Levitch Denise , Hatanpaa Kimmo J. , White Charles L. , Bigio Eileen H. , Caselli Richard , Baker Matt , Al‐Lozi Muhammad T. , Morris John C. , Pestronk Alan , Rademakers Rosa , Goate Alison M. , Cairns Nigel J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTo identify novel causes of familial neurodegenerative diseases, we extended our previous studies of TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) proteinopathies to investigate TDP‐43 as a candidate gene in familial cases of motor neuron disease. Sequencing of the TDP‐43 gene led to the identification of a novel missense mutation, Ala‐315‐Thr, which segregates with all affected members of an autosomal dominant motor neuron disease family. The mutation was not found in 1,505 healthy control subjects. The discovery of a missense mutation in TDP‐43 in a family with dominantly inherited motor neuron disease provides evidence of a direct link between altered TDP‐43 function and neurodegeneration. Ann Neurol 2008
Controlled radical polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate‐g‐epichlorohydrin) using N,N‐dithiocarbamate‐mediated iniferters
Authors: Al‐Kaabi Khalifa , van Reenen Albert J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPoly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) with pendent N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamate groups (PECH‐DDC) was prepared by reaction of PECH with sodium N,N‐diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDC) in anhydrous ethanol, before being used as a macrophotoinitiator for the graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Photopolymerization was carried out in a photochemical reactor at a wavelength greater than 300 nm. Controlled radical polymerization was confirmed by the linear increase of the molecular weight of polymers with conversion. The polydispersity remained at 1.4–1.6 during polymerization. The formation of PMMA‐g‐PECH copolymer was characterized by GPC, 1H‐NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and DSC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Plasma display material prepared from a new blue phosphor dispersion
Authors: Lee Don‐Ik , Lee Sang‐Mock , Byun Younghun , Lee Eun‐Sung , Bae Jin‐Young 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn improved coating having a high concentration of blue phosphor powder was made with a modified Triton X‐100 dispersant. The barium magnesium aluminate phosphor was very well dispersed in terpineol if the Triton (octyl phenol ethoxylate) had terminal carboxylic acid groups, which had been added to the Triton molecule by chemical synthesis. This improved dispersion was screen‐printed, dried, and then sintered. Because of the very tight packing of the phosphor particles, the photoluminescence intensity of the phosphor film in vacuum ultraviolet excitation was significantly increased up to 10.23%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effect of natural and organically modified montmorillonite clays on the properties of polydimethylsiloxane rubber
Authors: Kaneko Manuela L. Q. A. , Yoshida Inez V. P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe effects of natural (MT) and organically modified (O‐MT) montmorillonite clays on the properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rubber were evaluated. Rubber composites with different clay contents were prepared by a compounding procedure in an open two‐roll mill, which was followed by a compression‐molding step in which the PDMS matrix was peroxide crosslinked. The clay rubber composites were characterized by swelling measurements in toluene, thermogravimetric analyses, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile tests. The introduction of MT restricted the solvent swelling and increased the crosslinking density of the rubber, which indicated the formation of a covalent filler–matrix interface. The enhanced interaction between MT and PDMS reduced the aggregation size of MT particles in the MT composites and promoted an increase in the separation of the clay layers. When the rubber was filled with O‐MT, a higher solvent amount was incorporated in the material, and this trend increased with the clay content. Moreover, the low interaction between O‐MT and the PDMS chains resulted in larger clay aggregates in the O‐MT composites compared to those with MT. Despite the different interface natures, both clays enhanced thermal stability and acted as reinforcing fillers in relation to Young's modulus and tensile strength. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Morphology and flame‐retardancy properties of ternary high‐impact polystyrene/elastomer/polystyrene‐encapsulated magnesium hydroxide composites
Authors: Chang Suqin , Xie Tingxiu , Yang Guisheng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe effects of elastomer type on the morphology, flammability, and mechanical properties of high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS)/polystyrene (PS)‐encapsulated magnesium hydroxide (MH) were investigated. The ternary composites were characterized by cone calorimetry, mechanical testing, and scanning electron microscopy. Morphology was controlled with poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] (SEBS) triblock copolymer or the corresponding maleinated poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] (SEBS‐g‐MA). The HIPS/SEBS/PS‐encapsulated MH composites exhibited separation of the filler and elastomer, whereas the HIPS/SEBS‐g‐MA/PS‐encapsulated MH composites exhibited encapsulation of the filler by SEBS‐g‐MA. The flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of the ternary composites were strongly dependent on microstructure. The composites with an encapsulation structure showed higher flame‐retardant properties than those with a separation structure at the optimum use level of SEBS‐g‐MA. Furthermore, the composites with a separation structure showed a higher modulus and impact strength than those with an encapsulation structure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Novel network polymer electrolytes containing fluorine and sulfonic acid lithium prepared by ultraviolet polymerization
Authors: Li Zhiming , Chen Liwen , Wei Jiangong , Yang Jun , Wang Xinling 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNovel gel network polymer electrolytes containing fluorine and sulfonic acid lithium were prepared by the ultraviolet polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl acrylate, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propanesulfonic acid, and trifluoroethyl methacrylate. The network polymer was activated with 1.0M LiPF6/ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate solutions (ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate = 1 : 1 v/v) to prepare gel network polymer electrolytes. The characteristics of the polymer networks, including the gel fractions, thermal stability, liquid electrolyte uptake, and electrochemical properties, were studied. When the poly(ethylene glycol) dimethylacrylate/2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propanesulfonic acid/trifluoroethyl methacrylate weight ratio was 60 : 35 : 5, the network polymer electrolytes showed the highest liquid electrolyte uptake (144%) and ionic conductivity (ca. 10−3 S/cm) at room temperature (25°C). The network polymer electrolytes were electrochemically stable up to 5.0 V versus Li+/Li. The excellent performances of the network polymer electrolytes suggest that they are suitable for application in high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
New macromonomers: Commercially available polycarbonate and polyarylate grafted with unsaturated and alkoxysilyl group pendants
Authors: Sukata Kazuaki , Arakawa Motoomi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe insertion reaction of commercially available polycarbonate (PC) and polyarylate (PAR) with unsaturated epoxides produced new macromonomers grafted with many unsaturated group pendants in the middle of the polymer chain in fair to good yields. The insertion reaction readily occurred not only in solvents but also in solid PC. The unsaturated group was hydrosilylated with triethoxysilane to produce triethoxysilyl group pendant PC and PAR, which are expected to be useful for sol–gel precursors for organic–inorganic hybrid materials, in good yields. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Copolymerization of poly(1‐naphthylamine) with aniline and o‐toluidine
Authors: Riaz Ufana , Jahan Reshma , Ahmad Sharif , Ashraf S. M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe commercial use of polyaniline has been impeded by its intractable nature and insolubility. The use of substituted polyaniline has been attempted mainly to increase the processibility of polyaniline, but this approach usually results in the lowering of the conductivity. This study reports the synthesis of poly(1‐naphthylamine), a fused ring derivative of polyaniline, and its copolymers with aniline and o‐toluidine via a chemical polymerization method. Spectral, thermal, morphological, and conductivity studies were carried out to elucidate the influence of the incorporation of aniline and o‐toluidine units into poly(1‐naphthylamine). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
New theoretical treatment of ion resonance phenomena
Authors: Vincze G. , Szasz A. , Liboff A.R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDespite experimental evidence supporting ICR‐like interactions in biological systems, to date there is no reasonable theoretical explanation for this phenomenon. The parametric resonance approach introduced by Lednev has enjoyed limited success in predicting the response as a function of the ratio of AC magnetic intensity to that of the DC field, explaining the results in terms of magnetically induced changes in the transition probability of calcium binding states. In the present work, we derive an expression for the velocity of a damped ion with arbitrary q/m under the influence of the Lorentz force. Series solutions to the differential equations reveal transient responses as well as resonance‐like terms. One fascinating result is that the expressions for ionic drift velocity include a somewhat similar Bessel function dependence as was previously obtained for the transition probability in parametric resonance. However, in the present work, not only is there an explicit effect due to damping, but the previous Bessel dependence now occurs as a subset of a more general solution, including not only the magnetic field AC/DC ratio as an independent variable, but also the ratio of the cyclotronic frequency Ω to the applied AC frequency ω. In effect, this removes the necessity to explain the ICR interaction as stemming from ion–protein binding sites. We hypothesize that the selectively enhanced drift velocity predicted in this model can explain ICR‐like phenomena as resulting from increased interaction probabilities in the vicinity of ion channel gates. Bioelectromagnetics 29:380–386, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of weak static and low‐frequency alternating magnetic fields on the fission and regeneration of the planarian dugesia (Girardia) tigrina
Authors: Novikov Vadim V. , Sheiman Inna M. , Fesenko Evgeny E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe effect of weak static (DC) and alternating (AC) magnetic fields (MFs), as well as combined (AC/DC) collinear MFs on the intensity of morphogenesis processes in the planarian Dugesia (Girardia) tigrina has been studied. It was found that combined MFs produce a stimulating effect on the fission and regeneration of planarians. Both components of the combined MFs, the direct (DC) and the alternating (AC), are important in the realization of the effects of weak MFs. The practically complete absence of one of the components (DC) reverses the sign of the effect. It was shown that the presence of concomitant background MFs does not substantially influence the effects of combined MFs with a very small AC component (100 nT). The effect of the “zero” field is significant and comparable in magnitude with the effects of combined MFs at effective frequencies. Narrow zones of effective amplitudes (in the region of tens and hundreds of nT) of the AC component of the combined MFs, with the DC component close to the value of the geomagnetic field were found, which alternate with regions where the response of the biological object to the influence is absent. Bioelectromagnetics 29:387–393, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.