bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, regional patterns and socio-demographic factors associated with poly-tobacco use in India: A secondary data analysis
Authors: Bantwal Priyanka , Kulkarni Muralidhar M. , Kamath Veena G. , Naik Ashwath K. , Fogarty Andrew W. , Dhar Murali , Ahankari Anand S. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Tobacco use is associated with early, intermediate and long-term complications throughout the life course. With an influx of newer products containing nicotine, poly-tobacco use is slowly emerging as a public health concern, that is defined as existing tobacco users currently using two or more tobacco or nicotine products. While many studies have investigated single use tobacco, there is a paucity of research on regional patterns and socio-demographic factors associated with poly-tobacco use in India.

Objectives
To assess prevalence of poly-tobacco use and determine the socio-demographic factors associated with poly-tobacco use in India.

Methods
Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2 (GATS, 2016–17) was analysed, which included information on tobacco use among people aged >15 years. The pattern of current tobacco status was described using descriptive statistics. Multiple logistic regression models were estimated to determine factors associated with poly-tobacco use.

Results
The prevalence of poly-tobacco use in India was found to be 9.8%. Among the current tobacco users, the prevalence was 33%. Significant socio-demographic factors associated with poly-tobacco use included younger age, male gender, religion and backward caste. North-eastern region reported highest prevalence of poly-tobacco use in the country, followed by the central region.

Conclusion
The number of poly-tobacco users in India is considerably high and a matter of concern, more so in north east and central regions of the country. There is a need to create awareness about dangerous effects of all types of tobacco products and strengthen implementation of tobacco control policies with special focus on regions with high burden.
Cross-sectional serosurvey of Leptospira species among slaughter pigs, goats, and sheep in Uganda
Authors: Alinaitwe Lordrick , Aturinda Christopher Joshua , Lubega Ashiraf , Kivali Velma , Bugeza James , Wainaina Martin , Richter Martin H. , Hoona Jolly Justine , Roesel Kristina , Mayer-Scholl Anne , Cook Elizabeth Anne Jessie , Kankya Clovice , Dürr Salome 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Leptospira are a group of bacteria, including pathogenic types that cause leptospirosis. In Uganda, Leptospira exposure has been reported in humans, with domesticated animals being speculated as the source. However, comparable evidence of Leptospira prevalence and circulating serovars/serogroups in animals is only documented for cattle, and dogs. Our study determined Leptospira seroprevalence, associated risk factors and serogroups circulating among slaughtered pigs, goats, and sheep in Uganda.

Methods
During an 11-month cross-sectional survey in selected slaughter facilities in three regions of Uganda, we collected blood from 926 pigs, 347 goats, and 116 sheep. The age, sex, breed, and origin of each sampled animal were noted. The samples were tested for anti-Leptospira antibodies using the microscopic agglutination test, based on a panel of 12 serovars belonging to 12 serogroups.

Results
Leptospira seroprevalence was 26.67% (247/926, 95%CI 23.92–29.61) among pigs, and 21.81% (101/463, 95%CI 18.29–25.80) in goats and sheep (small ruminants). L. interrogans Australis and L. kirschneri Grippotyphosa were the commonest serovars among pigs, as was L. borgpetersenii Tarassovi in small ruminants. Pigs sourced from the Eastern (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.82, 95%CI 1.84–4.30) and Northern (OR = 3.56, 95%CI 2.52–5.02) regions were more likely to be seropositive, compared to those from the Central region. For small ruminants, being female (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.69–4.57) and adult (OR 4.47, 95% CI 1.57–18.80) was significantly more associated with Leptospira seropositivity.
Conclusion/significance: Detection of a moderate seroprevalence, and several Leptospira serogroups among pigs, sheep, and goats from all regions of Uganda, supports existing reports in cattle and dogs, and implies widespread Leptospira exposure in domestic animals in Uganda. These findings may inform future programs for the control of leptospirosis in livestock in Uganda.
Risk factors for intubation and mortality in patients treated with high flow nasal cannula due to COVID-19 infection. Survival Analysis Study in a Northern Mexican Population
Authors: Luviano-García José Antonio , Loose-Esparza Alejandro , Hernández-Ruíz Yodira Guadalupe , Sanz-Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Maheda-García Hector Jeovanny , Sosa-Medellin Miguel Angel , Garza-Silva Arnulfo , Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena 
Published: March 2024

Background
COVID-19-related acute hypoxic respiratory failure patients often use high-flow nasal cannula (HFNO) oxygen therapy. COVID-19 HFNO intubation and mortality risk factors are understudied in the Mexican population, so the aim was to study them.

Methods
This retrospective study searched electronic medical records from March 2020 to June 2022 for patients with COVID-19 who required hospitalization and HFNO. Descriptive statistics, a survival curve analysis, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine predictor factors for intubation and mortality in patients with HFNO and COVID-19, respectively.

Results
A total of 134 patients received HFNO treatment. Ninety-one (67.9%) were men with a mean (SD) age of 54.5 (17.9) years. Common medical history included obesity (n = 89, 66.4%) with a Body Mass Index (BMI) mean (SD) of 31.8 (5.9), hypertension (n = 67, 50.0%), type 2 diabetes (n = 55, 41.0%), and dyslipidemias (n = 43, 32.1%). The variables associated with a greater risk of requiring intubation after high-flow therapy were age (HR = 1.018, 95% CI 1.003–1.034, p = 0.022) and BMI (HR = 1.071, 95% CI 1.024–1.120, p = 0.003). No variables were associated with lower risk. Increased mortality was associated with increasing age (HR = 1.151, 95% CI 1.102–1.201, p = <0.001), hypertension (HR = 4.092, 95% CI 1.369–12.236, p = 0.012), and dyslipidemia (HR = 3.954, 95% CI 1.395–11.209, p = 0.010). Patients with type 2 diabetes had a lower risk of mortality (HR = 0.235, 95% CI 0.080–0.688, p = 0.008).

Conclusions
A higher age and BMI were associated with an increased risk of intubation in patients with HFNO and COVID-19. Hypertension and dyslipidemias were associated with a higher risk of mortality.
Momordica charantia fruit reduces plasma fructosamine whereas stems and leaves increase plasma insulin in adult mildly diabetic obese Göttingen Minipigs
Authors: Koopmans Sietse Jan , Binnendijk Gisabeth , Ledoux Allison , Choi Young Hae , Mes Jurriaan J. , Guan Xiaonan , Molist Francesc , Thị Minh Tâm Phạm , van der Wielen Nikkie 
Published: March 2024

Background
Traditionally Momordica charantia (Bitter gourd) is known for its blood glucose lowering potential. This has been validated by many previous studies based on rodent models but human trials are less convincing and the physiological mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of Bitter gourd are still unclear. The present study compared the effects of whole fruit or stems-leaves from five different Bitter gourd cultivars on metabolic control in adult diabetic obese Göttingen Minipigs.

Methods
Twenty streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D) obese Minipigs (body weight ~85 kg) were subdivided in mildly and overtly D pigs and fed 500 g of obesogenic diet per day for a period of three weeks, supplemented with 20 g dried powdered Bitter gourd or 20 g dried powdered grass as isoenergetic control in a cross-over, within-subject design.

Results
Bitter gourd fruit from the cultivars “Palee” and “Good healthy” reduced plasma fructosamine concentrations in all pigs combined (from 450±48 to 423±53 and 490±50 to 404±48 μmol/L, both p<0.03, respectively) indicating improved glycemic control by 6% and 17%. These effects were statistically confirmed in mildly D pigs but not in overtly D pigs. In mildly D pigs, the other three cultivars of fruit showed consistent numerical but no significant improvements in glycemic control. The composition of Bitter gourd fruit was studied by metabolomics profiling and analysis identified three metabolites from the class of triterpenoids (Xuedanoside H, Acutoside A, Karaviloside IX) that were increased in the cultivars “Palee” (>3.9-fold) and “Good healthy” (>8.9-fold) compared to the mean of the other three cultivars. Bitter gourd stems and leaves from the cultivar “Bilai” increased plasma insulin concentrations in all pigs combined by 28% (from 53±6 to 67±9 pmol/L, p<0.03). The other two cultivars of stems and leaves showed consistent numerical but no significant increases in plasma insulin concentrations. The effects on plasma insulin concentrations were confirmed in mildly D pigs but not in overtly D pigs.

Conclusions
Fruits of Bitter gourd improve glycemic control and stems-leaves of Bitter gourd increase plasma insulin concentrations in an obese pig model for mild diabetes. The effects of Bitter gourd fruit on glycemic control seem consistent but relatively small and cultivar specific which may explain the varying results of human trials reported in the literature.
Good psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder: A qualitative study of its implementation in a supported employment team
Authors: Dunand Noëllie , Golay Philippe , Bonsack Charles , Spagnoli Danièle , Pomini Valentino 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
People with borderline personality disorder have difficulties with work. The Individual Placement and Support model has shown its worldwide effectiveness in terms of vocational rehabilitation for individuals with psychiatric disorders. However, only a few recent studies have explored its results for people with personality disorders, and the findings were mitigated. Additionally, Individual Placement and Support job coaches reported difficulties in supporting this population. An evidence-based psychotherapeutic method, also applicable in a case management context, called Good Psychiatric Management for borderline personality disorder, could potentially overcome these obstacles. This study aimed to evaluate the initial integration of Good Psychiatric Management in Individual Placement and Support practice.

Methods
Individual Placement and Support practitioners of Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland, were trained in Good Psychiatric Management in January 2022. Five of them participated in a focus group to collect their impressions about the training, and six were interviewed 9 months later to assess the initial adoption of Good Psychiatric Management into their practice. Thematic analyses were conducted.

Results
Job coaches were positive about this new tool. All of them found it useful and beneficial both for them and their patients. They were able to follow the main Good Psychiatric Management principles in their practice However, the findings also suggested some additional improvements in the implementation process.

Conclusions
Integrating Good Psychiatric Management in Individual Placement and Support seems feasible, and the team who appreciated it adopted it. The method offers new perspectives in community support for people living with borderline personality disorder.
LEDT and Idebenone treatment modulate autophagy and improve regenerative capacity in the dystrophic muscle through an AMPK-pathway
Authors: Silva Heloina Nathalliê Mariano da , Fernandes Evelyn Mendes , Pereira Valéria Andrade , Mizobuti Daniela Sayuri , Covatti Caroline , Rocha Guilherme Luiz da , Minatel Elaine 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Considering the difficulties and challenges in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) treatment, such as the adverse effects of glucocorticoids, which are the main medical prescription used by dystrophic patients, new treatment concepts for dystrophic therapy are very necessary. Thus, in this study, we explore the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM; a non-invasive therapy) and Idebenone (IDE) treatment (a potent antioxidant), applied alone or in association, in dystrophic muscle cells and the quadriceps muscle, with special focus on autophagy and regenerative pathways.

Methods
For the in vitro studies, the dystrophic primary muscle cells received 0.5J LEDT and 0.06μM IDE; and for the in vivo studies, the dystrophic quadriceps muscle received 3J LEDT and the mdx mice were treated with 200mg/kg IDE.

Results
LEDT and IDE treatment modulate autophagy by increasing autophagy markers (SQSTM1/p62, Beclin and Parkin) and signaling pathways (AMPK and TGF-β). Concomitantly, the treatments prevented muscle degeneration by reducing the number of IgG-positive fibers and the fibers with a central nucleus; decreasing the fibrotic area; up-regulating the myogenin and MCH-slow levels; and down-regulating the MyoD and MHC-fast levels.

Conclusion
These results suggest that LEDT and IDE treatments enhance autophagy and prevented muscle degeneration in the dystrophic muscle of the experimental model. These findings illustrate the potential efficacy of LEDT and IDE treatment as an alternative therapy focused on muscle recovery in the dystrophic patient.
Group peer mentoring is effective for different demographic groups of biomedical research faculty: A controlled trial
Authors: Pololi Linda H. , Evans Arthur T. , Civian Janet T. , McNamara Tay , Brennan Robert T. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Improved mentoring of midcareer researchers in medical schools has been identified as an important potential avenue for addressing low vitality and high burnout rates in faculty, and the scarcity of both underrepresented minority (URM) faculty and women in biomedical research. To address the need for widescale effective mentoring, we sought to determine whether a group peer mentoring intervention (C-Change Mentoring and Leadership Institute) for early midcareer research faculty was effective for different demographic groups in a controlled trial.

Methods and materials
Thirty-five diverse early midcareer faculty and 70 propensity-matched (PM) control subjects matched to intervention subjects on a) study inclusion criteria; b) gender, race, and ethnicity, degree, rank, years of experience, publications, grants; and c) pretest survey outcome variables, participated in the intervention. The C-Change Participant Survey assessed vitality, self-efficacy in career advancement, research success, mentoring others, valuing diversity, cognitive empathy, and anti-sexism/anti-racism skills at pretest and intervention completion. Analysis using multiple regression models included outcome pretest values and indicator variables for intervention, gender, URM status, and MD vs. PhD. Hypotheses regarding differential effectiveness of the intervention by demographic group were tested by including cross-product terms between the demographic indicator variables and the intervention indicator. Missing data were addressed using chained equations to create 100 data sets.

Results and discussion
The intervention participants had significantly higher (favorable) scores than PM controls for: self-assessed change in vitality; self-efficacy for career advancement, research, and mentoring others; cognitive empathy; and anti-sexism/racism skills. The benefits of the intervention were nearly identical across: gender, URM vs non-URM faculty, and degree MD/PhD, except vitality significantly increased for non-URM subjects, and not for URM faculty. Self-assessed change in vitality increased for URM and non-URM.

Conclusion
The intervention worked successfully for enhancing vitality, self-efficacy and cross-cultural engagement across different demographic groups of biomedical research faculty.
A randomised controlled trial of Pre-Operative Oncotype DX testing in early-stage breast cancer (PRE-DX study) – Study protocol
Authors: Northgraves Matthew , Cohen Judith , Harvey James , Huang Chao , Palmieri Carlo , Pinder Sarah , Roy Pankaj , Reynia Sarah , Soares Marta , Cain Henry 
Published: March 2024

Background
The Oncotype DX® Breast Recurrence Score assay can guide recommendations made to patients with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-) breast cancer regarding post-surgery adjuvant therapy. Standard practice is to order the test in the post-operative setting on a specimen from the excised invasive carcinoma. However, it has been shown to be technically possible to perform the test on the diagnostic core biopsy. By testing the diagnostic core biopsy in the pre-operative setting, the wait for excised invasive carcinoma Recurrence Score results could be reduced allowing patients to be more accurately counselled regarding their treatment pathway sooner with any adjuvant treatment recommendations expedited. This would allow for more efficient streaming of follow up appointments. The aim of this study is to compare the impact on the patient treatment pathway of performing the Oncotype DX® test on the diagnostic core biopsy pre-operatively (intervention) as opposed to the excised invasive carcinoma (control).

Methods and analysis
This parallel group randomised controlled trial aims to recruit 330 newly diagnosed patients with grade 2 or grade 3, ER+, HER2-, invasive intermediate risk early-stage breast cancer. Participants will be randomised 2:1 to the preoperative testing of the diagnostic core biopsy compared to the post-operative testing of the excision specimen. The primary endpoint is number of clinical touchpoints between treating team and patient from initial approach until offer and prescription of the first adjuvant treatment. Secondary endpoints include time from diagnosis to offer and prescription of the first adjuvant treatment, patient-reported anxiety scores and health cost impact analysis collected at baseline, following the post-operative clinic and following the offer of adjuvant treatment, and number of alterations in treatment sequence from original planned surgical treatment to neoadjuvant therapy.

Trial registration
The study was registered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN14337451) on the 16th August 2022.
Investigating animal reservoirs for hepatitis E virus in Bangui, Central African Republic
Authors: Nombot-Yazenguet Marina Prisca de Marguerite , Modiyinji Abdou Fatawou , Tricou Vianney , Manirakiza Alexandre , Njouom Richard , Komas Narcisse Patrice Joseph 
Published: March 2024

Background
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of enterotropic viral hepatitis, a major public health problem in many developing countries. In Central African Republic (CAR), HEV genotypes 1, 2, and 3 have been found to have an impact on human health. However, data on HEV in animal reservoirs are still lacking for CAR. Here, we investigated the presence of HEV in farmed pigs and goats in Bangui, the capital city of CAR, using molecular methods.

Methodology
In a prospective study, fecal samples from 61 pigs and 39 goats from farms in five districts (2nd, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th) of Bangui were collected and tested for HEV RNA by real-time RT-PCR. The samples were further analyzed by nested-PCR and sequenced to determine the genotype and subtype to which the virus belong.

Results
In total, 22/100 (22.0%) feces samples were successfully amplified for HEV RNA by real time RT-PCR. All positive samples were from pigs (22/61; 36.1%), while all goat samples were negative (0/39). Twelve HEV RNA samples (12/22 or 54.5%) were successfully amplified by nested RT-PCR, and subsequently sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the obtained sequences clustered with subtype 3h and were genetically related to the human HEV sequences from CAR.

Conclusion
This study confirms that pigs constitute an HEV reservoir, with genotype 3 being the major circulating strain. Further studies are needed to investigate other local reservoirs and to improve knowledge of the molecular epidemiology of HEV in CAR.
David Cronenberg: Interviews, David Schwartz, ed. (2021)
Authors: Smith Yaakov “Jacob” 
Published: March 2024

Review of: David Cronenberg: Interviews, David Schwartz, ed. (2021)
Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 239pp., ISBN: 9781496832252 (pbk), $25.00, ISBN: 9781496832245 (hbk), $99.99
Analisis Risiko Paparan Gas H2S Terhadap Pemulung di TPA Air Dingin Kota Padang
Authors: Hidayanti Rahmi , Zicof Erick , Gusti Awalia , Onasis Aidil , Nur Erdi 
Published: March 2024

Latar belakang: Gas hidrogen sulfida (H2S), yang mudah terbakar dan berbau, akan dibusukan anaerob oleh mikroorganisme dalam sampah. Jumlah timbulan sampah per hari lebih dari 500 ton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi potensi bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh paparan gas hidrogen sulfida kepada pemulung di TPA Air Dingin..Metode: Jenis penelitian ini ialah naratif menggunakan metode kuantitatif pendekatan Analisis Risiko Lingkungan (ARKL). Pengukuran konsentrasi H2S pada ketika pagi dan sore hari sebanyak 3 titik. Data pada analisis secara univariat serta analisis risiko.Hasil: Konsentrasi gas H2S pagi hari tertinggi sebanyak 0,006 ppm, konsentrasi gas H2S sore hari tertinggi 0,00 ppm serta homogen-homogen konsentrasi gas H2S 0,005 ppm. Nilai RQ realtime 0,93, sedangkan nilai RQ lifetime 1,98, pada atas 1.Simpulan: Kandungan gas H2S pada TPA Air Dingin mempunyai risiko gangguan kesehatan terhadap pemulung, sebagai akibatnya perlu dilakukan manajemen risiko, pemantauan dan pengukuran gas H2S dan penggunaan indera pelindung diri buat mengurangi pajanan gas H2S. ABSTRACT Title: Risk analysis Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) exposure to Scavenger in The Air Dingin Landfill Padang CityBackground: A gas called hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is flammable and pungent, is created when trash is cardio-decomposed. One of the landfills, Air Dingin, produces H2S fuel. 500 tons of garbage are produced per day on average. This analysis aims to look into the possibility of scavengers at the Air Dingin dump being exposed to hydrogen sulfide fuel.Method: This study used the quantitative environmental risk analysis (ARKL) approach and was a descriptive research project. 58 scavengers were used as the sample in this investigation using a straightforward random sampling method. H2S concentration was measured at three intervals in the morning and afternoon. Univariate and risk analyses were used to analyze the data.Result: The highest concentration of H2S gas in the morning was 0,00 ppm, the highest concentration H2S gas in the afternoon wa 0,006 ppm and average concentration of H2S gas was 0,005 ppm. The realtime RQ value is 0,93, while the lifetime RQ value is 1,98, above 1.Conclusion: The H2S gas content in the Air Dingin Landfill has risk of health problems for scavengers, so it necessary to carry out risk management, monitoring and measuring H2S gas and using personal protective equipment to minimize H2S gas exposure