bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lipase Activity and Specificity on the DAG Content of Olive Oil from the Shodoshima‐Produced Olive Fruits
Authors: Shimizu Masao , Kudo Naoto , Nakajima Yoshinobu , Matsuo Noboru , Katsuragi Yoshihisa , Tokimitsu Ichiro , Barceló Francisca 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOlive oils have a higher relative diacylglycerol (DAG) content than other plant oils. The lipase in olive fruits is involved in DAG production and is directly related to the acidity of the olive oil. However, the lipase activity and positional selectivity have not been clarified. To investigate the properties of olive fruit lipase, olive fruits of the Mission variety harvested during mid‐December of 2005 on Shodoshima Island (Japan) were stored at 20, 30 or 40 °C for 4 weeks. Changes in the acidity and acylglycerol content of the oils extracted from the stored fruits were analyzed. The acidity and DAG content of the olive oils increased due to triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis during storage. sn‐1,2‐DAGs preferentially increased during the early stages of storage, indicating that the olive fruit lipase is enantioselective for the sn‐3 position, while non‐enzymatic isomerization of sn‐1,2‐DAGs was observed throughout the entire duration of storage. Kinetic analysis revealed that the enantioselectivity of olive fruit lipase for the sn‐3 position was approximately four times greater than for the sn‐1 position. The lipase was gradually inactivated at temperatures of 30 °C or higher, and the ratios of the rate constant for inactivation to TAG hydrolysis at the sn‐3 position was 0.2, 13, and 23 at 20, 30, and 40 °C, respectively.
Sensory Thresholds of Selected Phenolic Constituents from Thyme and their Antioxidant Potential in Sunflower Oil
Authors: Bitar Alain , Ghaddar Tarek , Malek Amal , Haddad Tharwat , Toufeili Imad 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe odor detection thresholds of carvacrol (5‐isopropyl‐2‐methyl‐phenol), thymol (2‐isopropyl‐5‐methyl‐phenol) and p‐cymene 2,3‐diol (2,3‐dihydroxy‐4‐isopropyl‐1‐methyl‐benzene) in sunflower oil, determined by the three‐alternative, forced‐choice procedure, were 30.97, 124 and 794.33 mg kg−1, respectively. Sunflower oil containing 13, 70, or 335 mg kg−1 of carvacrol, thymol or p‐cymene 2,3‐diol, respectively, was judged to be similar (P < 0.01) in taste and odor to its antioxidant‐free counterpart. The rate constant of sunflower oil oxidation, measured from the increase in peroxide value during storage at 25 °C, was 9.2 × 10−9 mol kg−1 s−1 while the rate constants were 9.3 × 10−9, 9.8 × 10−9, and 4.3 × 10−9 mol kg−1 s−1 in the presence of 13 mg kg−1 carvacrol, 70 mg kg−1 thymol, and 335 mg kg−1p‐cymene 2,3‐diol, respectively. At a level of 335 mg kg−1, p‐cymene 2,3‐diol did not impart flavor taints and effected a 46.7% reduction in the rate of oxidation of sunflower oil. These findings indicate that the diphenolic p‐cymene 2,3‐diol could potentially replace synthetic antioxidants and is a valuable addition to the antioxidants used by the food industry in its quest to meet consumer demands for synthetic‐additives‐free and ‘natural’ foods.
Favourable effects of heart rate reduction with intravenous administration of ivabradine in patients with advanced heart failure☆
Authors: De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Mazzuero Antonio , Agnesina Laura , Bertoletti Alessandra , Lettino Maddalena , Campana Carlo , Schwartz Peter J. , Tavazzi Luigi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundHeart rate (HR) reduction may be useful in treatment of patients with heart failure (HF). There are no data on the haemodynamic effects of ivabradine (a selective If current inhibitor) in advanced HF patients.AimsTo assess the haemodynamic effects of ivabradine in patients with advanced HF and markedly depressed left ventricular (LV) function.Methods and resultsTen NYHA class III patients (50±12 years, LV ejection fraction 21±7%) underwent 24‐h haemodynamic monitoring. Ivabradine 0.1 mg/kg was infused over 90′, followed by 0.05–0.075 mg/kg in the subsequent 90′. Baseline HR was 93±8 bpm, cardiac index (CI) 2.2±0.6 l/min*m2; LV stroke volume 44±11 ml and systolic work 39±13 g.Ivabradine significantly reduced HR, by a maximum of 27% (to 68±9 bpm) at 4h, without decreasing CI. Ivabradine increased stroke volume and LV systolic work by a maximum of 51% (to 66±17 ml) and 53% (to 58±20 g) at 4h. No serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionIn patients with advanced HF and markedly depressed LV function, the acute administration of ivabradine is well tolerated, effectively reduces HR, markedly increases stroke volume and preserves cardiac output. Ivabradine appears a promising approach for the treatment of patients with moderate and advanced heart failure.
Adaptive servoventilation improves cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure and Cheyne–Stokes respiration
Authors: Oldenburg Olaf , Schmidt Anke , Lamp Barbara , Bitter Thomas , Muntean Bogdan G. , Langer Christoph , Horstkotte Dieter 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground and aimsSleep disordered breathing (SDB), especially Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSR) is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Adaptive servoventilation (ASV) was recently introduced to treat CSR in CHF. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ASV on CSR and CHF parameters.MethodsIn 29 male patients (63.9±9 years, NYHA≥II, left ventricular ejection fraction [LV‐EF]≤40%), cardiorespiratory polygraphy, cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing, and echocardiography were performed and concentrations of NT‐proBNP determined before and after 5.8±3.5 months (median 5.7 months) of ASV (AutoSet CS™2, ResMed) treatment. All patients also received guideline‐driven CHF therapy.ResultsApnoea–hypopnoea‐index was reduced from 37.4±9.4/h to 3.9±4.1/h (p<0.001). Workload during CPX testing increased from 81±26 to 100±31 W (p=0.005), oxygen uptake (VO2) at the anaerobic threshold from 12.6±3 to 15.3±4 ml/kg/min (p=0.01) and predicted peak VO2 from 58±12% to 69±17% (p=0.007). LV‐EF increased from 28.2±7% to 35.2±11% (p=0.001), and NT‐proBNP levels decreased significantly (2285±2192 pg/ml to 1061±1293 pg/ml, p=0.01).ConclusionsIn selected patients with CHF and CSR, addition of ASV to standard heart failure therapy is able to improve SDB, CPX test results, LV‐EF and NT‐proBNP concentrations.
Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children with heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in a non‐β‐blocker therapy setting
Authors: Guimarães Guilherme Veiga , d'Avila Veridiana Moraes , Camargo Paulo Roberto , Moreira Luiz Felipe Pinho , Luces Jose Ramon Lanz , Bocchi Edimar Alcides 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundPeak oxygen consumption and resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are independent predictors of survival in adult heart failure (HF) patients. Aim: To evaluate these factors in children.MethodsWe prospectively studied 31 children with NYHA class I to III HF (mean LVEF 26±10%; mean age 8.6±1.9 years). All had dilated cardiomyopathy and were awaiting heart transplantation. A cardiopulmonary treadmill exercise test was performed and LVEF determined by radionuclide ventriculography.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 1282 days, 20 children reached at least one end‐point (death or heart transplantation). Clinical data from the 11 children without events and the 20 children with events are as follows: NYHA class 1±0 vs. 2±0.9 (p<0.01); SBP 118± vs. 102±16 (p=0.01); DBP 70± vs. 61±10 (p=0.02); heart rate 165± vs. 148±22 (NS); double‐product 19±4 vs. 15±4 (p=0.01); end‐tidal carbon dioxide tension (PetCO2) 35±5 vs. 30±6 (NS); oxygen consumption (VO2) 22±5.4 vs. 18.3±5.7 (NS); exercise time 19±4 vs. 13±6 (p<0.003), and LVEF 31±8 vs. 22±10 (p=0.02). These variables all correlated with prognosis on univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only decreasing exercise time and LVEF were predictive of events during follow‐up (p<0.001 and 0.04).ConclusionThese findings suggest that reduction in LVEF and exercise tolerance in children with heart failure is predictive of functional status.
The prevalence of pain in nursing home residents with dementia measured using an observational pain scale
Authors: Zwakhalen Sandra M.G. , Koopmans Raymond T.C.M. , Geels Paul J.E.M. , Berger Martijn P.F. , Hamers Jan P.H. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Studies on pain and pain prevalence in older people with dementia are limited compared to those on cognitively intact older people. Pain prevalence rates in older people with dementia are estimated to be between 28% and 83%.Aims: This study aimed to explore pain prevalence in nursing home residents with dementia using observational scale PACSLAC‐D, and to identify the association between pain prevalence and (dementia) demographic parameters such as cognitive status, gender, analgesic use and co‐morbidity.Methods: Using an observational study design, 117 residents were observed and assessed for pain during personal morning care. Prevalence data were calculated and regression analyses applied.Results: This study showed that almost half of the participants (47%) experienced pain to some extent. However, overall pain intensity scores were relatively mild. Among the independent variables, co‐morbidities, analgesic use and the adjusted interaction term ‘co‐morbidities+analgesic use’ had the strongest associations with pain and were thus shown to be valid significant predictors.Conclusion: With its relatively new approach of measuring pain using an observational scale, this study confirms the expectation gleaned from other studies on less impaired older populations: namely, that pain prevalence in older residents with dementia in Dutch nursing homes is high.
Chronic whiplash symptoms are related to altered regional cerebral blood flow in the resting state
Authors: Linnman Clas , Appel Lieuwe , Söderlund Anne , Frans Örjan , Engler Henry , Furmark Tomas , Gordh Torsten , Långström Bengt , Fredrikson Mats 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe neural pathogenic mechanisms involved in mediating chronic pain and whiplash associated disorders (WAD) after rear impact car collisions are largely unknown. This study's first objective was to compare resting state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by means of positron emission tomography with 15O labelled water in 21 WAD patients with 18 healthy, pain‐free controls. A second objective was to investigate the relations between brain areas with altered rCBF to pain experience, somatic symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms and personality traits in the patient group. Patients had heightened resting rCBF bilaterally in the posterior parahippocampal and the posterior cingulate gyri, in the right thalamus and the right medial prefrontal gyrus as well as lowered tempero‐occipital blood flow compared with healthy controls. The altered rCBF in the patient group was correlated to neck disability ratings. We thus suggest an involvement of the posterior cingulate, parahippocampal and medial prefrontal gyri in WAD and speculate that alterations in the resting state are linked to an increased self‐relevant evaluation of pain and stress.
Effects of intrathecal lidocaine on hyperalgesia and allodynia following chronic constriction injury in rats
Authors: Tian Jie , Gu Yiwen , Su Diansan , Wu Yichao , Wang Xiangrui 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the effects of different doses of intrathecal lidocaine on established thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain, defined the effective drug dose range, the duration of pain‐relief effects, and the influence of this treatment on the body and tissues. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups and received intrathecal saline or lidocaine (2, 6.5, 15, and 35mg/kg) 7 days after loose sciatic ligation. Respiratory depression and hemodynamic instability were found to become more severe as doses of lidocaine increased during intrathecal therapy. Two animals in the group receiving 35mg/kg lidocaine developed pulmonary oedema and died. Behavioral tests indicated that 6.5, 15, and 35mg/kg intrathecal lidocaine showed different degrees of reversal of thermal hyperalgesia, and lasted for 2–8 days, while 2mg/kg lidocaine did not. The inhibition of tactile allodynia was only observed in rats receiving 15 and 35mg/kg lidocaine, and the anti‐allodynic effects were identical in these two groups. Histopathologic examinations on the spinal cords revealed mild changes in rats receiving 2–15mg/kg lidocaine. However, lesions were severe after administration of 35mg/kg lidocaine. These findings indicate that intrathecal lidocaine has prolonged therapeutic effects on established neuropathic pain. The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activities could be well preserved in most cases, except for 35mg/kg. Considering the ratio between useful effects and side effects, doses of 15mg/kg are suitable for intrathecal injection for relief of neuropathic pain.
Nociception‐related somatosensory evoked potentials in awake dogs recorded after intra epidermal electrical stimulation
Authors: van Oostrom Hugo , Stienen Peter J. , Doornenbal Arie , Hellebrekers Ludo J. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTAt present, the specific neurophysiologic methodology of recording pain‐related evoked potentials is considered a most promising approach to objectively quantify pain in man. This study was designed to characterise and evaluate the use of somatosensory evoked potentials to study nociception in a canine model. To this aim, somatosensory evoked potentials were evoked by intra‐epidermal electrical stimulation and recorded from the scalp in 8 beagle dogs. Characteristics determined were: (1) the conduction velocities of the peripheral nerve fibres involved, (2) the stimulus intensity response characteristics and (3) the evaluation of possible disturbance of the signals by muscular activity from the hind paw withdrawal reflex (EMG artefact). The results showed (1) the conduction velocities to be in the A‐delta fibre range (i.e. fibres involved in nociception), (2) an increase in amplitude and a decrease in latency of the evoked potential following increasing stimulus intensities and (3) the absence of EMG artefact in the signals. These data indicate that the evoked potentials recorded, are related to nociception and thus are suited to quantitatively characterise the perception of noxious stimuli making this model useful for pain‐ and analgesia‐related research.
Stress at three‐month immunization: Parents’ and infants’ salivary cortisol response in relation to the use of pacifier and oral glucose
Authors: Mörelius Evalotte , Theodorsson Elvar , Nelson Nina 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe aims of the present study were to investigate (1) whether the salivary cortisol response could be dampened during a routine three‐month immunization if the infant received sweet‐tasting solution in combination with a pacifier and (2) stress experienced by parents during immunization of the infant. Ninety‐eight infants were included into one of four intervention groups: ‘glucose and pacifier’, ‘water and pacifier’, ‘glucose’, or ‘water’. Saliva was collected before and 30min after the immunization. Infants’ crying‐time and parents’ self‐reported stress (VAS) were measured before and after immunization. Infants in the ‘pacifier and glucose’ group had a significantly smaller change in salivary cortisol than infants in the other groups (F3,72=3.1, p<0.05). In the ‘glucose and pacifier’ group the median salivary cortisol levels decreased 33% after the immunization. In the ‘water and pacifier’, ‘glucose’, and ‘water’ group median cortisol increased with 50%, 42%, and 8%, respectively. No significant differences in crying‐time were observed between the intervention groups. If the infant cried before the immunization, the crying‐time during the immunization was longer (p<0.01) and cortisol increased more (p<0.05). Median cortisol levels for parents decreased after the immunization (p<0.01). Median VAS increased 50% (p<0.0001) after immunization. First time parents rated higher stress on VAS before immunization (p<0.01). Parents’ change in cortisol and VAS were significantly related to infants’ crying time. In conclusion, the combination of oral glucose and pacifier dampen infants’ salivary cortisol in response to the three‐month immunization.
Interactions between PBEF and oxidative stress proteins – A potential new mechanism underlying PBEF in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury
Authors: Zhang Li Qin , Adyshev Djanybek M. , Singleton Patrick , Li Hailong , Cepeda Javier , Huang Sheng-You , Zou Xiaoqin , Verin Alexander D. , Tu Jiancheng , Garcia Joe G.N. , Ye Shui Qing 
Published: May 2008

MINT‐6538697: PBEF (uniprotkb:P43490) physically interacts (MI:0218) with NADH1 (uniprotkb:P03886) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐6538811, MINT‐6538868: PBEF (uniprotkb:P43490) physically interacts (MI:0218) with interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 3 (uniprotkb:Q01628) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐6538787, MINT‐6538841: PBEF (uniprotkb:P43490) physically interacts (MI:0218) with NADH1 (uniprotkb:P03886) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐6538755: PBEF (uniprotkb:P43490) physically interacts (MI:0218) with γ‐glutamyl‐transferase (uniprotkb:P19440) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐6538799, MINT‐6538862: PBEF (uniprotkb:P43490) physically interacts (MI:0218)with Ferritin light chain (uniprotkb:P02792) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐6538769: PBEF (uniprotkb:P43490) physically interacts (MI:0218) with E2L6 (uniprotkb:O14933) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐6538741: PBEF (uniprotkb:P43490) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Adenosine A2aR (uniprotkb:P29274) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐6538727: PBEF (uniprotkb:P43490) physically interacts (MI:0218) with interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 3 (uniprotkb:Q01628) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
MINT‐6538712: PBEF (uniprotkb:P43490) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Ferritin light chain (uniprotkb:P02792) by two hybrid (MI:0018)
Long‐term effect of morphine administration in young rats on the analgesic opioid response in adult life
Authors: Rozisky Joanna Ripoll , Dantas Giovana , Adachi Lauren Spezia , Alves Viviane Soares , Ferreira Maria Beatriz Cardoso , Sarkis João José Freitas , Torres Iraci Lucena Da Silva 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNeonates, infants and children are often exposed to pain from invasive procedures during intensive care and during the post‐operative period. Opioid anesthesia and post‐operative opioid analgesia have been used in infants and result in clinical benefits. The objectives of this study were to verify the effect of repeated 5 μg morphine administration (subcutaneous), once a day for 7 days in 8‐day‐old rats, at P8 until P14. To verify the long‐term effect of morphine, the animals were submitted to a second exposure of 5 mg/kg (intraperitoneal) of morphine at P80 until P86. Animals that received morphine for 7 days, at P14 did not develop tolerance, however at P80, rats demonstrated greater morphine analgesia. At P86, after 7 days of morphine administration, animals showed classical tolerance. These findings may have important implications for the human neonate, suggesting a possible explanation for the differences in the requirements of morphine observed in the youngest patients.
Current Perspectives on Stability of Protein Drug Products during Formulation, Fill and Finish Operations
Authors: Rathore Nitin , Rajan Rahul S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCommercialization of protein‐based therapeutics is a challenging task in part due to the difficulties in maintaining protein solutions safe and efficacious throughout the drug product development process, storage, transportation and patient administration. Bulk drug substance goes through a series of formulation, fill and finish operations to provide the final dosage form in the desired formulation and container or delivery device. Different process parameters during each of these operations can affect the purity, activity and efficacy of the final product. Common protein degradation pathways and the various physical and chemical factors that can induce such reactions have been extensively studied for years. This review presents an overview of the various formulation‐fill‐finish operations with a focus on processing steps and conditions that can impact product quality. Various manufacturing operations including bulk freeze‐thaw, formulation, filtration, filling, lyophilization, inspection, labeling, packaging, storage, transport and delivery have been reviewed. The article highlights our present day understanding of protein instability issues during biopharmaceutical manufacturing and provides guidance on process considerations that can help alleviate these concerns.
Antibacterial Colorants: Characterization of Prodiginines and Their Applications on Textile Materials
Authors: Alihosseini Farzaneh , Ju Kou‐San , Lango Jozsef , Hammock Bruce D. , Sun Gang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA strain of Vibriosp. isolated from marine sediments produced large quantities of bright red pigments that could be used to dye many fibers including wool, nylon, acrylics, and silk. Characterization of the pigments by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed three prodiginine‐like structures with nonpolar characteristics and low molecular mass. UV‐visible spectra of the major constituent in methanol solution showed absorbance at λmax 530 nm wavelength. The accurate mass result showed that the main isolated product has a molecular mass of m/ z 323.1997. Further analysis using mass fragmentation (MS/MS), 1H NMR, COSY, HMQC NMR and DEPT confirmed the detailed structure of the pigment with an elementary composition of C20H25N3O. Fabrics dyed with the microbial prodiginines demonstrated antibacterial activity.
Congruity Effects in Time and Space: Behavioral and ERP Measures
Authors: Teuscher Ursina , McQuire Marguerite , Collins Jennifer , Coulson Seana 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTwo experiments investigated whether motion metaphors for time affected the perception of spatial motion. Participants read sentences either about literal motion through space or metaphorical motion through time written from either the ego‐moving or object‐moving perspective. Each sentence was followed by a cartoon clip. Smiley‐moving clips showed an iconic happy face moving toward a polygon, and shape‐moving clips showed a polygon moving toward a happy face. In Experiment 1, using an explicit judgment task, participants judged smiley‐moving cartoons as related to ego‐moving sentences about space and about time, and shape‐moving cartoons as related to object‐moving sentences. In Experiment 2, participants viewed the same stimuli, but the cartoons were task‐irrelevant. Event‐related brain potentials revealed an early attentional effect of congruity on cartoons following sentences about space, and a later semantic effect on cartoons following sentences about time. Results are most consistent with accounts that posit differences in the processing of novel and conventional metaphors.
Bootstrapping Cognition from Behavior—A Computerized Thought Experiment
Authors: Möller Ralf , Schenck Wolfram 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe show that simple perceptual competences can emerge from an internal simulation of action effects and are thus grounded in behavior. A simulated agent learns to distinguish between dead ends and corridors without the necessity to represent these concepts in the sensory domain. Initially, the agent is only endowed with a simple value system and the means to extract low‐level features from an image. In the interaction with the environment, it acquires a visuo‐tactile forward model that allows the agent to predict how the visual input is changing under its movements, and whether movements will lead to a collision. From short‐term predictions based on the forward model, the agent learns an inverse model. The inverse model in turn produces suggestions about which actions should be simulated in long‐term predictions, and long‐term predictions eventually give rise to the perceptual ability.