bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION OF GOITROUS AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS WITH HLA‐DR3 IN EASTERN HUNGARY
Authors: Stenszky V. , Balázs C. , Kraszits E. , Juhasz F. , Kozma L. , Balázs G. , Farid N. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAn association of HLA‐DR5 and goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis has been reported elsewhere (Farid et al., 1981; Weissel et al., 1980). Recently, the disease was found to be associated with HLA‐DR4 in Newfoundlanders (Farid & Thompson, 1986). In order to find out whether different HLA associations with the disease may be found in different ethnic groups, we have now typed 68 patients with autoimmune goitrous thyroiditis from Eastern Hungary for HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐DR antigens; 66 of these patients were also typed for IgG heavy‐chain markers (Gm). A significant increase in DR3 (OR = 3·30) and a non‐significant increase in DR4 (OR = 1·67) were found in the patients when compared with controls. The Gm3 allele, g, interacted with DR3 to enhance the risk for goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis. Hashimoto's disease may show different associations in different ethnic groups, and indeed within the same ethnic group, when newly diagnosed patients are typed several years apart.
Ir GENE FOR BOVINE INSULIN IN THE RAT MAPS TO RT1.Bβ
Authors: Mizuno K. , Inomata T. , Tsuchimoto S. , Matsuno Y. , Niiyama T. , Fujii H. , And T. Natori , Aizawa M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe genetic control of the immune response to bovine insulin (BI) in the rat was investigated. As a result of experiments utilizing two intra‐MHC recombinant rats and of blocking experiments with monoclonal antibodies against MHC class II antigens, an immune response gene for BI in the rat could be mapped to the RT1.Bβ locus.
THE ASSOCIATION OF DNA VARIANTS AT OR NEAR THE IgH LOCUS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Sakkas L. I. , Demaine A. G. , Vaughan R. W. , Welsh K. I. , Panayi G. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDNA samples from 78 patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 132 healthy controls were analysed by the Southern blotting method, using two DNA probes: the first to the immunoglobulin μ heavy‐chain switch region (Sμ), in conjunction with the SstI restriction endonuclease, and the second to the D14S1 region, in conjunction with the HindIII restriction endonuclease. The homozygous phenotype for the 6·9 kb Sp fragment was decreased in the patient group (7·8%) compared to controls (19·1%) (P= 0·04). The homozygous phenotype for the 10·3 kb D14S1 fragment was increased in the patient group (38·5%) compared to controls (21·2%) (P= 0·02). The increase was more pronounced in the DR4‐positive patients (51·2%) (P versus DR4‐positive controls = 0·009). These results suggest that genes on chromosome 14 are involved in the genetics of RA.
VITAMIN A‐ENHANCED CLEFT PALATE SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSOCIATED WITH H‐2
Authors: Tyan M. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPregnant mice from the congenic strains C57BL/10Sn, B10.BR, B10.A/SgSn, B10.A(SR)/SgSn, B10.A(2R)SgSn and B10.A(18R)Sg were fed Purina Laboratory Chow or the same diet plus approximately 400IU vitamin A daily and given 80 mg/kg dexamethasone intra‐peritoneally or a sham injection on the 12th day of pregnancy. It was found that only strains with b alleles between H‐2S and H‐2D had significantly higher frequencies of isolated cleft palate among their progeny when fed the supplemental vitamin A. The locus appears to be on the centromeric side of a dexamethasone‐induced cleft palate gene which has been mapped to the same general area.
COMPLEXITY OF THE Rh ANTIGEN DEMONSTRATED BY COMPARATIVE TESTS USING ANTISERA OF HUMAN AND PRIMATE ORIGINS
Authors: Socha W. W. , Rouger P. , Ruffié J. , Moor‐Jankowski J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYComparative analysis of two antisera, one produced in chimpanzee and another of human origin, demonstrates the existence of a spectrum of antibodies directed against at least four antigenic determinants connected with Rh reactivity. Some of the determinants are shared by chimpanzee and human red cells, while others are restricted to one species only. Based on this study, it is suggested that both the human Rh(D)‐positive type and its chimpanzee counterpart, the Rc‐positive type, could be of common origin, while the negative types are the results oflater, parallel events during evolution.
A JAPANESE PATIENT WITH THE RARE Rhnull PHENOTYPE OF THE ‘REGULATOR TYPE’
Authors: Kishi K. , And T. Yasuda , Uchida M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAn example of red cells having no reaction with any Rh antisera was found in a Japanese woman. Results of a serological investigation of the family indicated the action of a ‘regulator’ gene. Her serum contained an antibody which agglutinated all cells of common Rh types, except for Rhnull, by the saline, anti‐globulin and papain techniques.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH VARIANTS OF THE COMPLEMENT C4 GENES AND MHC HAPLOTYPES
Authors: Partanen J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYDNA polymorphism of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐linked complement C4 genes was studied using restriction enzymes XbaI and TaqI, and Southern hybridization. The results show that some, but not all, C4 phenotypes can be divided into subtypes. Analysis of MHC haplotypes indicates that in each extended MHC haplotype, i.e. in the haplotypes having a particular combination of HLA and complotype phenotypes in significant linkage disequilibrium, the C4 genes always produce just one ‘conserved’ restriction enzyme fragment pattern, while in the other haplotypes the C4 genes are more heterogeneous. Furthermore, the findings provide preliminary evidence for a C4B gene duplication, and suggest that the C4 genes may often be ‘corrected’ alike.
HLA ANTIGENS IN SICILIAN PATIENTS AFFECTED BY CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Caruso C. , Campo P. Lo , And C. Botindari , Modica M. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHLA antigens were investigated in Sicilian patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and in Sicilian healthy controls. The frequency of the HLA‐DRw6 antigen was significantly decreased in the group of patients. These results suggest that DRw6 may be a marker for decreased susceptibility to the etiological or pathogenic mechanism(s) which produce CMLs.
ASSIGNMENT OF THE Es‐6 LOCUS TO LINKAGE GROUP VII OF THE RAT (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) BY THE USE OF HXB RECOMBINANT INBRED RAT STRAINS
Authors: Pravenec M. , Křen V. , Klír P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe Es‐6 locus is assigned to linkage group VII of the rat, which consists of three loci, coding for a morphological trait, a histocompatibility antigen and an isozyme polymorphism. The linkage between Es‐6 and the lx locus seems to confirm the previously suggested homology between Es‐6 and the mouse Es‐17 locus and may indicate homology between lx and the mouse lu locus.
HIGH FREQUENCY OF Mlsa‐REACTIVITY AMONG Ab‐RESTRICTED, H‐Y‐SPECIFIC T CELL CLONES
Authors: Frangoulis B. , Klein J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA high frequency (80%) of Ab‐restricted, H‐Y‐specific T cell clones, but not of Ab‐restricted LDH‐B‐specific T cell clones, was found to be Mlsa‐reactive. This reactivity could be inhibited by class II (A and E)‐specific antibodies, and required an E‐positive stimulator cell. The proliferation was also blocked by T cell receptor‐specific and by CD4‐specific antibodies. Possible interpretations of these findings are discussed.
AUGMENTED IN VITRO PRESENTATION OF Mls DETERMINANTS AFTER ANTI‐IMMUNOGLOBULIN‐INDUCED B CELL ACTIVATION: ONTOGENY AND ROLE OF PURIFIED B CELLS
Authors: Ryan J. J. , Thompson C. B. , Mond J. J. , Finkelman F. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMurine splenocytes which contained B cells activated by in vivo exposure to affinity‐purified goat anti‐mouse IgD (GaMD) antibody were utilized to present major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non‐MHC minor lymphocyte‐stimulating (Mlsa) determinants in a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). As the time in hours after in vivo exposure to GaMD increased, splenocytes from adult mice showed a co‐ordinate increase in cell size, expression of public and private MHC class II antigenic determinants and MHC and Mlsa antigen‐presenting capacity. This augmented alloantigen‐presenting capacity was demonstrable with either irradiated or mitomycin C‐treated adult splenocytes. In contrast, GaMD‐treated neonatal splenocytes from 10‐day‐old mice demonstrated no significantly increased class II expression or enhanced MHC stimulatory capacity, but nevertheless triggered augmented responder cell proliferation across an Mlsa barrier. Thus, increased class II expression or presenting capacity may not be required for an augmentation in splenocyte Mls‐stimulating ability to occur. In vitro exposure of T cell‐depleted splenocytes or highly purified small resting B cells to GaMD or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a substantially increased ability in those populations to present MHC and Mlsa antigens in a primary MLR. Hence in vivo or in vitro activation of B lymphocytes in a stimulator cell population may yield more effective presentation of MHC and non‐MHC determinants.
DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF THE ASGM1 ANTIGEN ON ANTI‐REOVIRUS AND ALLOREACTIVE CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES (CTL)
Authors: Parker S. E. , Sun Y. H. , Sears D. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAnti‐reovirus cytotoxic effectors were found to be: (i) H‐2 restricted; (ii) virus specific; (iii) non‐lytic (in 4 h) for natural killer (NK)‐sensitive YAC‐1 cells; and (iv) positive for the Thy‐1 and Lyt‐2 lymphocyte markers. Thus, anti‐reovirus cytotoxic effectors have the functional and phenotype characteristics of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). A significant fraction of anti‐viral CTL, as well as alloreactive CTL, were also found to be positive for the asialo GM1 (ASGM1) cell surface antigen, generally considered to be a NK cell marker. ASGM1 expression on these CTL, as determined by sensitivity to antibody plus complement (C), appeared to be highly variable and dependent on two factors—the nature of the antigenic stimulus (viral vs. alloantigen), and the mouse strain from which the CTL originated. Thus, ASGM1 antigen expression on CTL appears to be regulated and may be under the control of lymphokines, development differentiation signals and/or other strain‐dependent genetic factors.
A STUDY OF HLA‐A, B, DR and Bf5 BEARING HAPLOTYPES DERIVED FROM 304 FAMILIES RESIDENT IN THE NORTH WEST OF ENGLAND
Authors: Davidson J. A. , Kippax R. L. , Dyer P. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe report here haplotype frequencies for class I (HLA‐A, B), class III (HLA‐DR) and class III (Bf) gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of man. As in other studies (Bertrams & Baur, 1979; Grange et al., 1981), we have chosen to document all families typed for HLA antigens and Bf phenotypes irrespective of ascertainment. We obtained 1,094 haplotypes from 304 families resident in the North West of England, of which 34·1% had been fully typed for HLA‐A,B,DR and Bf polymorphisms. We have been able to find both positive and negative linkage disequilibria for two and three locus haplotypes and have listed the most commonly occuring four locus haplotypes. Our data confirms the position of the complement group between HLA‐B and HLA‐DR, and we have looked for evidence of segregation distortion of MHC haplotypes.
A NEW DUPLICATION AT THE C4B LOCUS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HLA‐Aw68, Cw8, Bw65 HAPLOTYPE
Authors: Borelli I. , Crepaldi T. , Frattasio C. , Curtoni E. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA family with a cross‐over between HLA‐B and HLA‐DR was analysed for its complement alleles. This allowed location of the cross‐over between HLA‐B and C4. Furthermore, the same family showed a previously undescribed duplication at the C4B locus (C4B*2,2) that was associated with the HLA‐Aw68, Cw8, Bw65, C2*1, Bf*S, C4A*2, DR7, DQw2 haplotype.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF HLA‐DP IN THE MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION
Authors: Farrell C. , Honeyman M. , Hoadley C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIt has recently been reported that HLA‐DP antigens may play an important role in the development of graft‐versus‐host disease (G VHD) following transplantation of haploidentical bone marrow as a treatment for haematological malignancies. Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) is routinely performed prior to bone marrow transplantation to assess the suitability of the donor, and we have therefore examined the role of HLA‐DP in this test. One‐way MLC chequerboard experiments were performed between 17HLA‐Dw3homozygous typing cells (HTC) with a range of HLA‐DP antigens represented, including HLA‐DPw1, w2, w3, w4 and CP63. The experiments were performed on multiple occasions and each time a highly significant difference (P= <0.001) was observed between the Relative Responses (RR) in the HLA‐DP matched responder/stimulator pairs and the HLA‐DP mismatched pairs. There was, however, considerable overlap in these results with ranges in the HLA‐DP‐matched group RRs of 0–17%, and 0–62% in the mismatched group. Only 3.1% of the HLA‐DP‐matched group had a RR>5%, while 48% of the HLA‐DP mismatched group had a RR>5%. From these results it was calculated that a positive response (> 5%) has a 96% chance of being due to an HLA‐DP disparity of one or two antigens. Conversely, with a negative MLC the chance of their being no HLA‐DP antigen disparity was only 65%. From these results we conclude, firstly, that HLA‐DP has a significant influence on the MLC. Secondly, it is clear that a negative MLC does not necessarily indicate identity at theHLA‐DPlocus. An increased incidence of bone marrow transplants mismatched atHLA‐DPwould be expected from increased use of phenotypically identical, but unrelated, donors and related donors sharing only one haplotype with the recipient. It would thus seem important to consider the HLA‐DP type of all patients and potential donors prior to bone marrow transplantation, since a negative MLC is not sufficient to eliminate HLA‐DP disparity.
THE ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS, Rg/Ch/WH, EXPRESSED BY JAPANESE C4 ALLOTYPES
Authors: Giles C. M. , Tokunaga K. , Zhang W. J. , Tanaka H. , Endoh N. , Juji T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe expression of antigenic determinants, Rg/Ch/WH, on Japanese C4 allotypes has been studied. Although the Japanese C4 allotype frequencies are known to differ from Europeans, the antigenic expression of their C4 allotypes correlates with associations described previously. All 89 random donors and 17 selected donors were Rg:1,2 so neither Rg:1,−2 nor Rg:−1,−2 was found. The frequency of Ch: 1,−2,3 was elevated while that of Ch: 1,2,3 was reduced, which was seen as a direct result of the higher frequency of B2 and B5 allotypes. None of the Japanese were Ch: 1,2,−3, but this can be accounted for by the absence of the A*6,B*1 haplotype. The WH determinant, which has been associated completely with Rg:1,−2 in Caucasians, was found at a higher frequency, 32%, in association with an A*3,2,B*QO haplotype expressing Rg:1,2, which has not been described previously. Detailed investigation showed that the A3 allotype was Rg:1,2 whereas the A2 allotype only expressed Rg1 (Rg:1,−2 WH+).
CORRELATION OF IgA2 SERUM LEVELS IN PARENT‐OFFSPRING PAIRS
Authors: Benedictis G. De , Rose G. , Brancati C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIgA2 serum levels were measured by ELISA in 120 healthy subjects from 40 nuclear families (both parents and one offspring). No sex‐associated difference was observed. Moreover, the IgA2 serum levels proved to be significantly correlated in parent‐offspring pairs (r=0·55; P < 0·001), while there was no significant correlation in mother‐father pairs of the same family. The data suggest that the serum level of the IgA2 subclass is genetically controlled.
THE EXPRESSION OF MURINE ALLOANTIGENS ON BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Scott B. M. , Hogarth P. M. , Scollay R. , McKenzie I. F. C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSingle‐ and two‐colour immunofluorescence was used to analyse and compare the expression of 12 antigens on the surface of Ig− mouse blood lymphocytes (BL) and Ig− lymph node (LN) cells. Studies in different strains of mice showed that: (i) there were fewer Thy‐1+, Ly 1+, L3T4+ cells in BL compared to LN; (ii) Ly 2+ BL showed a unique fluorescence profile with a temporal variation in antigen density not evident in LN; (iii) Thy‐1− Ly 1−cells were more common in BL than LN; (iv) L3T4 and Ly 2 were present on mutually exclusive subpopulations in BL; (v) Ly 6A, (Ly 6.2), Ly 6C (Ly 28.2) Ly 28.6C and Ly 12.1 antigenic determinants were expressed on the same proportion of BL and LN cells and to the same level; (vi) Ly 24 (Pgp‐1) was the only alloantigen examined where the number of positive cells was increased in BL (65%) compared to LN (40%); (vii) Ly 5 and Ly 15 (LFA‐1) showed significant differences in antigen density distribution between BL and LN; (viii)Ly 21.2 was similar to Ly 15.2 expression; (ix) 20% of Ig−LN cells were Ia+, but la was absent from Ig−BL. Thus, BL differ in antigen distribution and density from lymphocytes in LN and other tissues and should be considered as a unique population of lymphocytes.
H‐Y RESPONSES OF NON‐OBESE DIABETIC (NOD) MICE
Authors: Chandler P. , Fairchild S. , Simpson E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFemale non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice were tested for their ability to make responses to the male‐specific (H‐Y) transplantation antigen. In vivo assessment of this ability was made using skin graft rejection. A proportion (60%) spontaneously rejected NOD male tail skin by 80 days post‐transplantation. The detection of the generation of H‐Y‐specific cytotoxic T cells, following in vivo priming and secondary in vitro restimulation, was carried out using a conventional 51Cr release assay. Female NOD mice primed either by skin grafting, intraperitoneal (i.p.) or footpad (f.p.) injection of male NOD spleen cells could be induced to make anti‐H‐Y cytotoxic responses, but not every immunized mouse responded. The nature of the H‐Y‐reactive T cells was investigated further by the in vitro isolation of T‐cell clones of which some were H‐Y specific.
MODULATION OF ALLOTRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE INDUCTION BY INTERLEUKIN‐1 AND INTERLEUKIN‐2
Authors: Holáň V. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTransplantation tolerance was induced in mice by inoculating newborn animals with semi‐allogeneic haematopoietic cells. The mice rendered tolerant were treated within the first week of birth, or at the time of grafting (age 7–8 weeks), with recombinant interleukin‐1 (rIL‐1) or interleukin‐2 (rIL‐2). The effects of these treatments on tolerance induction were monitored in terms of skin allograft survival. Treatment of newborn mice with rIL‐2 abolished tolerance induction in nearly all tested animals. When administered at the time of grafting, both rIL‐1 and rIL‐2 decreased the proportion of tolerant animals. However, these modulation effects of interleukins were only observed in strain combinations with genetic differences at the K end of H‐2 or in the entire H‐2 complex, in which it is difficult to establish permanent tolerance; no effects of interleukins on tolerance induction were found in a strain combination with a relatively weaker genetic barrier represented by incompatibility at the D region of the H‐2 complex.
GENETIC CONTROL OF BLOOD NEUTROPHIL CONCENTRATION IN THE RAT
Authors: Stolc V. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwo phenotypes that characterize low and high neutrophil concentrations in blood were found in the rat. It is possible that either two regulating alleles control the high (Nr‐1a) and the low (Nr‐1b) neutrophil concentration or that a polygenic system affects the neutrophil concentration in blood. The F1 hybrids of four intercrosses had low neutrophil levels in blood that suggested a dominant effect of the Nr‐1b allele. The backcross progeny showed abnormal segregation of the neutrophil phenotypes. The high phenotype was expressed in only 5% of the offspring. The presence of the two phenotypes and their distribution in the backcross progeny was confirmed by the computer program SKUMIX that resolved the quantitative traits into two discrete distributions with 95% and 5% representation. Because the logistic of SKUMIX can not rule out the polygenic effect, only further breeding studies using linked markers can resolve the mechanism of the genetic control of neutrophil concentration in the rat.
EXPRESSION OF ABH, LEWIS AND RELATED TISSUE ANTIGENS IN THE HUMAN THYMUS
Authors: Pendu J. Le , Dalix A.M. , Mollicone R. , Crainic K. , Oriol R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYExpression of ABH, Lewis and related antigens was studied in the thymus of children of known ABO, Lewis and secretor status using a panel of specific reagents. ABH and Lewis antigens partly under control of the secretor status were expressed on the Hassals' bodies and a large fraction of the medullary epithelial cells. The sialyl‐Lea antigen was only present on some Hassals' bodies of Lewis‐positive individuals. ABH but not Lewis antigens were also present on cortical epithelial cells but this was independent of the secretor status. The X, sialyl‐X and Y antigens were only expressed on Hassals' bodies irrespective of the ABO, Lewis or secretor phenotype. Furthermore, the anti‐X and sialyl‐X antibodies labelled a subset of leucocytes of all the individuals tested. These results show that the genetic control of the expression of ABH and Lewis glycosidic tissue alloantigens in the thymus is different on cortical and medullary epithelial cells and stress the heterogeneity of the thymus epithelial cells.
CROSS‐LINKING OF Ly 6‐LINKED ALLOANTIGENS: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ThB AND Ly 5
Authors: Houlden B. A. , McKenzie I. F. C. , Hogarth P. M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe bifunctional cross‐linking reagent dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate) (DSP) was used to cross‐link 125I surface‐labelled glycoproteins from viable thymocytes. The cells were solubilized, and the cross‐linked material immunoprecipitated and analysed by SDS‐PAGE. When DSP cross‐linked thymocyte material was immunoprecipitated with either anti‐ThB or anti‐Ly 5 monoclonal antibodies, and then cleaved, molecules with masses identical to Ly 5 (Mr180 kD) and ThB (Mr 16–18 kD) were obtained. However, if the cross‐linker was not cleaved, the intact product had a molecular mass of > 200 kD. The identity of these co‐precipitated, cross‐linked moieties was formally proved by limited proteolysis peptide map analysis. The data indicated that the ThB and Ly 5 antigens were associated on the thymocyte cell surface but no such association could be found on peripheral lymphocytes. The ThB‐Ly 5 interaction may indicate an association relevant to the differentiation of thymocytes.