bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study of Hepatitis B Viral Markers in Volunteer Blood Donors in Kenya, East Africa
Authors: Bowry T.R. , Shah M.V. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The occurrence of three major markers of hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection—the surface antigen (HbsAg), its specific antibody (HBsAb), and antibody to the core antigen (HBcAb)—is reported on 101 Kenyan volunteer blood donors which are tested by highly sensitive techniques.The surface antigen carrier rate was 14% by radioimmunoassay as opposed to 0.1–1% in Northern Europe and in the USA. The prevalence of the core aad surface antibodies is 53 and 57%, respectively. The core antibody as the only indicator of HBV infection occurred in 3% of Kenyan donors as compared to 0.4 in Caucasian volunteers. The overall infectious pool of HBV in Kenyan donors is 17%. Another application of the core and surface antibody screening of the blood donors has been reported recently in relation to the control of non‐A, non‐B posttransfusion hepatitis. The coexistence of the two antibodies is observed in 41% of the Kenyan donors after excluding the infectious pool. Exclusion of such a large proportion of donors to control non‐A, non‐B posttransfusion hepatitis is impractical in Kenya though it can be considered in Europe and in the USA where their prevalence rate is 1–4%. It is relevant to observe, however, that in spite of such high transmission rate of the virus in the community in Kenya, 25% of the adult population have been spared. As the immune status in relation to the HBV of the adult recipients of the blood is likely to be similar to that of the donors, a quarter are susceptible to the virus infection. The susceptible group is of course larger still amongst the paediatric recipients.
Fetal Immunization against the Mother's Lymphocytes
Authors: Werneburg B. , Tongio M.M. , Mayer S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn 2 cases the child's serum at birth contained a lymphocytotoxic antibody whose specificity did not correspond to the maternal serum's specificity. Further investigation suggested that the newborns were immunized against their mother as the antibodies were directed against maternal antigens.
Transferrin Binding by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Human Lymphomas, Myelomas and Leukemias
Authors: Yeh Chang‐Jing G. , Taylor Colin G. , Faulka W. Page 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSignificantly more peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from 39 patients with lymphoma (p<0.001), myeloma (p<0.001), or leukemia (p<0.001–0.025) bind transferrin (Trf) than those of 23 normals. That Trf was bound to a receptor on these cells was shown by the inhibition of these cells bound to 125I‐Trf with unlabeled Trf. The paucity of Trf receptors on PBM from normals and their presence on diseased cells prompt a suggestion that Trf receptors may offer a useful approach to the diagnosis and possible treatment of some blood dyscrasias.
Prediction of the Outcome of Rhesus Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn: Additional Information Using an ADCC Assay
Authors: Urbaniak S.J. , Greiss M. Ayoub , Crawford R.J. , Fergusson M.J.C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn in vitro test system is described which measures the ability of anti‐D sera to lyse Rh(D)‐positive red cells. This test was applied to anti‐D sera from 11 cases of HDN selected in Glasgow and tested ‘blind’ in Edinburgh. Evidence is presented to support the view that the ADCC (antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxity) assay can correctly identify those cases where there is a satisfactory clinical outcome despite a high level of anti‐D suggesting otherwise. Amniocentesis might therefore be avoided in this group.
The MNSs Antigen Ridley (Ria)
Authors: Contreras Marcela , Armitage Susan E. , Stebbing Birgit 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAfter more than 20 years the extended pedigree of the only known kindred carrying the low frequency antigen Ria (Ridley) was reinvestigated. It is established that Ria is governed by a gene which is part of or very closely linked to the MNSs locus. Further serological and frequency studies are reported.
Normal Salivary Mucin Contains the Gastrointestinal Cancer‐Associated Antigen Detected by Monoclonal Antibody 19–9 in the Serum Mucin of Patients1
Authors: Brockhaus Manfred , Wysocka Marie , Magnani John L. , Steplewski Zenon , Koprowski Hilary , Ginsburg Victor 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMonoclonal antibody 19–9 produced by a hybridoma prepared from spleen cells of a mouse immunized with a human colon carcinoma cell line, detects an antigen in sera from many patients with gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancer. This antibody is directed against a carbohydrate with the sugar sequenceNeuNAcα2–3Galβ1‐3GlcNAcα1–3Gal…4 1 Fucα1In many gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancers this sequence occurs in a monosialoganglioside containing a sialylated Lea‐active pentasaccharide (sialylated lacto‐N‐fucopentaose II, IV3‐α‐NeuNAc‐III4‐α‐Fuc‐LcOse4). In the sera of cancer patients the antigen occurs as a mucin. The antigen is also found in salivary mucin from many normal individuals belonging to the Le(a+b‐) or Le(a‐b+) blood group but not in salivary mucin from normal individuals belonging to the Le(a‐b‐) blood group. There is more antigen in mucin from individuals belonging to the Le(a+b‐) blood group than in mucin from individuals belonging to the Le(a‐b+) blood group.
A Protocol for Sensitive Large‐Scale Screening of Blood Donors for IgA Deficiency
Authors: Hunt A.F. , Allen D.L. , Aries D.L. , Strange J.J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A protocol for large‐scale screening of blood donors for IgA deficiency using a tanned cell passive haemagglutination‐inhibition (PHI) technique and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described. Evidence presented suggests that native serum from a case of IgA paraproteinaemia, suitably diluted and heated to 56°C for 60 min, can act as a satisfactory and simple alternative to purified IgA preparations in the PHI test.When PHI and ELISA techniques were used in combination to screen 41,851 random donors, 58 were found to contain less than 200 ng/ml of IgA and were classified as totally IgA‐deficient (1:721). This is in close agreement with the data from other workers.
Platelet Concentrates Stored in Plasma for 72 Hours at 22°C Prepared from Buffycoats of Citrate‐Phosphate‐Dextrose Blood Collected in a Quadruple‐Bag Saline‐Adenine‐Glucose‐Mannitol System
Authors: Pietersz R.N.I. , Loos J.A. , Reesink H.W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A method is described to prepare platelet concentrates from the buffycoat of citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) blood in a closed four‐bag system and to store the platelets in autologous plasma under sterile conditions. After separation of the blood into plasma, buffycoat and leukocyte‐ and thrombocyte‐poor red cell concentrate, saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol (SAGM) was added to the red cells. Next the platelets were concentrated in plasma by a second centrifugation and were transferred to the 600‐ml bag that previously contained the SAGM. The platelets were stored for 72 h at 22°C on a platform rotator at 1 cycle per second. The mean volume of the platelet concentrates (n = 12) was 61 ml, with an average platelet content of 72 times 109. The mean leukocyte contamination was only 17 times 106; erythrocytes were not detected. The aggregation of the platelets with 1 μM of ADP was normal.After 72 h of storage, the mean pH was 7.1 ± 0.1. The PO2 always remained above 17 mm Hg. No loss of thrombocytes had occurred during storage. The platelets had retained their discoid shape. The aggregation response to ADP had disappeared, however.The in vivo viability of the platelets was determined in 8 healthy volunteers. Autologous platelets, stored for 72 h at 22°C, were labeled with 51Cr and reinfused [43 (±9)% recovery at 15 min after reinfusion]. The mean survival time in vivo of the platelets was 6.8 (±0.7) days.These experiments indicate that with the four‐bag SAGM system leukocyte‐poor platelet concentrates can be prepared which remain in optimal condition for at least 72 h. Moreover, a high amount of plasma is yielded and, with SAGM as additive, leukocyte‐ and platelet‐poor red cell concentrates can be stored for 5 weeks.
Complexes of IgG and Plasma Proteins in Factor VIII Preparations — a Possible Cause of Adverse Reactions
Authors: Wadsworth C. , Blombäack M. , Kjellman H. , Hanson L.ÅA. 
Published: March 2009

IgG in factor VIII preparations was studied as a possible cause of adverse reactions following infusion of hemophiliacs. Thin‐layer immuno‐gel filtration analysis of nine products from seven firms demonstrated aggregated and monomeric IgG at highly variable amounts and proportions. These factor VIII products contained from 20 to 700 mg IgG per 1000 IU of factor VIII; IgG‐fibrinogen complexes were demonstrated by double‐antibody testing.A relationship is suggested between aggregated IgG and/or IgG complexes in factor VIII concentrates and adverse clinical reactions. They may also partially explain abnormalities and aberrations of the immune system previously reported in hemophiliacs.
Distribution of Blood Gases, Glucose and Lactate within Stored Blood Units
Authors: Sandhagen Bo , Högman Claes F. , de Verdier Carl‐Henric , Eriksson Lars 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The distribution of respiratory gases, hydrogen ions, glucose and lactate were studied in red cells suspended in SAGM solution and stored undisturbed at +4°C in plastic (PVC) bags. After 42 days' storage there were considerable concentration differences between the supernatant and the red cell layer, as well as concentration gradients within the latter. Thus, pO2, sO2, pH and the glucose concentration were higher in the supernatnant and pCO2 and the lactate concentration were higher in the red cell layer.These findings show that sampling from the mixed content of blood which has been stored sedimented in plastic containers will not be representative for the erythrocyte environment at the end of shelf life. This is of importance in attempts to understand storage effects on red cells.
Investigation of Lewis Phenotypes in Polynesians: Evidence of a Weak Secretor Phenotype
Authors: Henry S. M. , Benny A. G. , Woodfield D. G. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The salivary ABH and Lewis antigens of Polynesians were measured using a standardised red cell agglutination microplate assay and compared with the red cell defined Lewis phenotypes. Salivary ABH substances were detected in almost all saliva samples tested, with low levels (partial secretion) of ABH substances in the saliva from Le(a+b‐) and Le(a+b+) individuals. Salivary Leb substance was detected in all Le(a‐b+) and Le(a+b+) samples and in almost all Le(a+b‐) samples. It is evident from the results obtained that Polynesian red cell phenotypes cannot be used to predict the presence or absence of salivary substances.If the presence of a coding secretor gene is presumed responsible for salivary ABH antigens and salivary Leb antigen expression, then the incidence of a coding secretor gene in Polynesians is 98%. These results indicate that the recessive non‐secretor gene is absent or rare in a Polynesian derived gene pool. Two variants of secretor individuals are found among Polynesians, secretors with expression of normal amounts of the product of the secretor gene, similar to Caucasians, and partial secretors with weak expression of the secretor gene products.
Platelet Antibody Binding and Spontaneous Aggregation in 21 Lupus Anticoagulant Patients
Authors: Wiener Henry M. , Vardinon Nurit , Yust Israel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn order to ascertain the role of the antiphospolipid antibody in the pathogenesis of thrombotic disorders, a study of 21 lupus anticoagulant‐positive patients was done by a number of serologic and functional platelet tests. In immunofluorescent studies, we found that 80% showed a mitochondrial pattern on HEp cells and all patients gave an ubiquitously intense staining of donor platelets. By a microscopic spontaneous aggregation test, all lupus anticoagulant‐positive patients showed accelerated platelet aggregation which was calcium‐independent. The results show that the plasma of lupus anticoagulant‐positive patients contains a platelet‐binding antibody and causes spontaneous agglutination of platelets. These properties may play a role in the thrombogenesis common to the antiphospholipid syndrome.
High‐Temperature Short‐Time Heat Inactivation of HIV and Other Viruses in Human Blood Plasma
Authors: Charm Stanley E. , Landau Steven , Williams Bolanle , Horowitz Bernard , Prince Alfred M. , Pascual Donna 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn ultra‐short‐time heating system was used to process blood plasma spiked with various viruses (HIV, vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus). Virus reduction and recovery of plasma proteins were measured at various temperatures from 65 to 85 °C. Processing at 77 °C and 0.006 s resulted in a high level of virus kill, including ≥ 4.4 log10 HIV, while maintaining protein structure and activity essentially intact.
Miltenberger Subsystem of the MNSs Blood Group System: Review and Outlook
Authors: Dahr Wolfgang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Miltenberger (Mi) classes represent a group of phenotypes for red cells that carry low frequency antigens associated with the MNSs blood group system. The antigens of this system are known to be located on two sialoglycoproteins denoted as glycophorin A (GP A) and GP B. The structural alterations of seven (classes I, II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII) Mi variants and a related variant (J.L.) have been elucidated. Based on these data and yet incomplete studies of the Mi antigens, the approximate structural alterations in class IV and IX may be predicted. In addition, knowledge of the various structures and partial characterization of the Mi antigens allows one to propose detailed hypotheses concerning the epitopes recognized by the various antibodies that define the Mi subsystem. The understanding of the Mi subsystem at the molecular level paves the way for future studies aimed at a more detailed elucidation of epitopes of Mi‐related antibodies, the characterization of novel Mi variants and a search for hypothetical, hitherto unknown Mi‐related antibodies.
Posttransfusion Hepatitis in Japan
Authors: Takano Susumu , Omata Masuo , Ohio Masao , Satomura Yoichi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis and the rate of chronicity were investigated in a program devised at our hospital in December, 1982. Out of 2,596 blood recipients between January, 1982, and December, 1987, 451 (22.7%) developed posttransfusion hepatitis. Seventy‐seven patients out of 217 (35.3%) whose course was closely followed progressed to chronicity. The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis increased with the volume of transfused blood without any evident limitation. Recipients of elevated‐ALT donor blood (> 26 Karmen units) were found to be more susceptible to posttransfusion hepatitis than those who had received only normal‐ALT donor blood. Packed red blood cells, whole blood and fresh whole blood were high‐risk components, and fresh frozen plasma a low‐risk component of blood. The carrier rate of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis agents in Japanese healthy blood donors was determined to be 1.2% using the Frost‐Reed model of infectious diseases. Anti‐hepatitis C virus was detected in 62% of the cases of posttransfusion hepatitis 1 year after transfusion.
Serological and Chemical Specificities of Twelve Monoclonal Anti‐Lea and Anti‐Leb Antibodies
Authors: Good A. H. , Yau O. , Lamontagne L. R. , Oriol R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe serological specificities of twelve hybridomas were compared as to their chemical reactivity as determined using direct binding to synthetic carbohydrate structures. All anti‐Lea cross‐react with type‐1‐precursor structures and three different variants of anti‐Lea could be defined by their binding to type‐3‐precursor chains, sialylated compounds and the monosaccharide D‐galactose. Three major reactivity patterns were also identified among anti‐Leb reagents. Anti‐LebL cross‐react with Lea and do not significantly bind to H‐related structures. Anti‐LebH L had both anti‐LebL‐like activity (cross‐reaction with Lea) and anti‐LebH‐like activity (cross‐reaction with H). Finally, anti‐LebH cross‐reacts strongly with H compounds and do not bind to Lea. The binding pattern of anti‐LebL suggests that these antibodies have lower affinity for ALeb and BLeb pentasaccharides than anti‐LebH. All these specificities are not absolute, but rather are expressed as members of a quantitative progressive varying series, sugesting the existence of a whole range of antibody specificities gradually changing from Lea → Lea, b → LebL → LebH, L → LebH. The results suggest that anti‐LebL will always cross‐react with Lea and that anti‐LebH will always cross‐react with H related structures. However, under certain well‐defined conditions these cross‐reactions may not be apparent and antibodies might behave as specific anti‐Lea or anti‐Leb in certain tests.
Antiglobulin Testing for CR1‐Related (Knops/McCoy/Swain‐Langley/York) Blood Group Antigens: Negative and Weak Reactions Are Caused by Variable Expression of CR1
Authors: Moulds J. M. , Moulds J. J. , Brown M. , Atkinson J. P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Knops, McCoy, Swain‐Langley and York antigens have recently been identified as being on complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35, C3b/C4b receptor). We examined the relationship between CR1 expression and the reactivity of the CR1‐related blood group antigens with their specific antibodies. RBC from donors of selected phenotypes were tested by hemagglutination using two monoclonal antibodies to CR1, as well as anti‐Kna, ‐McCa, ‐S1a, ‐‘Kn/McC’ and ‐Yka. Monoclonal antibodies 3D9 and Ell required ˜250 and ˜400 CR1/RBC to obtain a positive reaction. Agglutination of antigen‐positive cells by human polyclonal antisera was related to the CR1/RBC: thus, cells expressing 20–100 CR1/RBC were negative and included the previously designated null phenotypes for this collection, 100–150 were weak or negative, and > 200 were usually positive. One RBC sample carried Yka on the 190,000 dalton (A or F allele), but not the 220,000 dalton (B or S allele) variant of CR1, and gave inconsistent reactions with Yka antisera. These data provide an explanation for certain of the serologic characteristics of the CRl‐related blood group antigen system.
Studies in Red Blood Cell Preservation
Authors: Dumaswala U.J. , Petrosky T.L. , Greenwalt T.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine whether vesiculation of RBC plays a significant role in their rejuvenation. Outdated units of Adsol® blood, were divided into two aliquots and incubated with equal volumes of a solution of 100 mM pyruvate and inosine, 103 mM phosphate and 5 mM adenine (PIPA) or 0.9% saline. Following 1 h incubation, vesicles were isolated from the supernatants and quantitated for hemoglobin content. Restoration of RBC ATP, 2,3‐DPG, morphology, and osmotic fragility after rejuvenation was satisfactory. The postrejuvenation mean corpuscular volumes (88.2+6.9 fl) were significantly lower (p<0.001) than the prerejuvenation (94.6+6.8 fl) and control (104.0+7.3 fl) volumes. The hemoglobin shed in vesicles during rejuvenation was significantly greater than in the saline controls (0.44+0.31 vs. 0.18+0.10 mg/dl RBCs; p = 0.026). These data suggest that the decreased MCV following rejuvenation is in part due to membrane loss in exocytic vesiculation.
Severe Haemolytic Disease in an Infant Born to an Rhnull Proposita
Authors: Lubenko A. , Contreras M. , Portugal C.L. , Cervi P. , Forsi L. , Garner S.F. , Pinho M.O. , Barbosa M. , Mettrau E.C. , de Azevedo J.G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA 35‐year‐old Brazilian woman (gravida 4, para 2) was delivered of a severely anaemic child whose cord red blood cells had a strongly positive direct antiglobulin test and who required two exchange transfusions within 24 h of birth. Because of the emergency of the situation and the lack of a local immunohaematology reference laboratory, the phenotype of the mother and the specificity of the relevant antibody could not be determined. Hence, compatible blood was not immediately available and the infant had to be given repeated exchange transfusions with incompatible group 0 Rh‐negative blood. The infant is now healthy and thriving.The mother's red cells were subsequently found to lack all the antigens of the Rh system, and her serum reacted with all red cell samples except those of two unrelated Rhnull individuals. Her serum gave high titres (i.e. 1,024–4,096) by the indirect antiglobulin test against red cells of normal Rh phenotype, as well as against cells with partially deleted Rh phenotypes (titres = 128–512 with –D–·/–D– and ·D·/·D· samples, respectively), and was extremely active in antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and monocyte monolayer assays against red cells of normal Rh phenotypes.
An Enzyme‐Linked Antiglobulin Test to Detect Red Cell Globulins after Glutaraldehyde Fixation
Authors: Greenwalt T.J. , Dumaswala U.J. , Siongco A. , Domino M.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an enzyme‐linked antiglobulin test (ELAT) for IgG on RBC without the hemolysis caused by the high pH of the alkaline phosphatase reaction. This was achieved by fixing the RBC with 0.05% glutaraldehyde after attachment of the antibodies. Assays using anti‐D reference standards demonstrated the sensitivity to be 1–2 ng of antibody as compared to 7.5 ng for the manual indirect antiglobulin test. The coefficients of variation of these assays ranged from 10.4 to 20.1%. The mean background absorbance at 405 nm of 105 normal RBC samples was 0.08+0.03 SD. There was an increase in sensitivity of the test after the fixed RBC were stored. Dilute glutaraldehyde stabilizes the RBC membrane and the antigen‐antibody linkage resulting in a more sensitive ELAT.
MINY: A Novel MNS‐Related Blood Group Antigen
Authors: Reid M. E. , Poole J. , Green C. , Neill G. , Banks J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report an antibody (anti‐MINY) that recognises a novel low‐incidence MNS‐related blood group antigen. Anti‐MINY agglutinates all Hil‐positive red cells tested (Mi.III, Mi.V, Mi.VI, GP.Kipp, GP.Mor and AG) and Hil‐negative, TSEN‐positive red cells (Mi.IV, JR, JL, Oca. and Rag.). All MINY‐positive red cells possess glycophorin A‐B hybrid molecules. The MINY antigen occurs at the unique amino acid sequence which results from the junction of glycophorin A58 to glycophorin B27 regardless of whether the glycophorin B gene encodes methionine or threonine at amino acid residue 29 of normal glycophorin B. The MINY antigen has been provisionally assigned the MNS blood group system number 002.034 on behalf of the ISBT Working Party on Terminology for Red Cell Surface Antigens.
Determination of Total Protein in Highly Purified Factor IX Concentrates
Authors: Löf Anna‐Lena , Gustafsson Georg , Novak Valentina , Engman Lena , Mikaelsson Marianne 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProtein determination by the methods of Kjeldahl, Biuret, Bradford and UV absorbance at 280 nm have been studied in regard to accuracy, precision and simplicity. A reference preparation of a highly purified factor IX concentrate, Nanotiv, reconstituted to 1/5 of ordinary volume was used in the study in order to make a comparison between the different procedures. The Kjeldahl method resulted in a protein concentration of 3.7 mg/ml, whereas the Biuret, Bradford (BSA) and UV absorbance at 280 nm resulted in protein concentrations of 3.6, 2.5 and 2.8 mg/ml, respectively. The corresponding values for specific activity were 136, 140, 200 and 179 IU/mg, respectively. These results demonstrate a great variation in the response obtained by different methods for determination of total protein.