bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of indirect conductimetry for detection of some food‐borne bacteria
Authors: Bolton F.J. 
Published: March 2008

Bolton, F.J. 1990. An investigation of indirect conductimetry for detection of some food‐borne bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 655–661.Indirect conductimetry using a rapid automated bacterial impedance technique was investigated. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila and Salmonella spp. grown in Whitley Impedance broth all elicited indirect conductimetric changes. These indirect conductance responses were improved by the addition of 2 g/1 glucose to the medium and resulted in maximum changes of 2340–4300 μS with associated maximum rates of change of 520–1210 μS/h. Furthermore, the indirect conductimetric assay detected growth of staphylococci, listeria and salmonella in media containing high concentrations of salts used as selective agents in culture media for the isolation of these organisms.
A note on the antibacterial properties of 3‐(3'‐isocyanocyclopent‐2'‐enylidene)propionic acid in the ovine rumen
Authors: Brewer D. , Parkinson V.O. , Taylor A. 
Published: March 2008

Brewer, D., Parkinson, V.O. & Taylor, A. 1990. A note on the antibacterial properties of 3‐{3'‐isocyanocyclopent‐2'‐enylidene)propionic acid in the ovine rumen. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 701–704.The concentration of 3‐(3'‐isocyanocyclopent‐2'‐enylidene)propionic acid after introduction into the ovine rumen declined by 50% during 30 min. Its antibacterial activity in the rumen could be demonstrated by the decline in numbers of cellulo‐lytic rumen bacteria from about 106/ml to about 102/ml.
Purification and characterization of an extracellular amylase from a thermophilic streptomycete
Authors: Goldberg J.D. , Edwards C. 
Published: March 2008

Goldberg, J.D. & Edwards, C. 1990. Purification and characterization of an extracellular amylase from a thermophilic streptomycete. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 712–717.A single extracellular alpha‐amylase (1,4‐α‐D‐glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1) from Streptomyces thermoviolaceus subsp. apingens was purified to homogeneity by a starch adsorption method. SDS‐PAGE indicated that the enzyme had an apparent M, of 57 kDa and activity was optimal at a pH of 7–2 and a temperature of 55d̀C. It employed an endo‐active mechanism to liberate predominantly maltose, as well as smaller amounts of higher oligosaccharides when incubated with starch. EDTA inhibited enzyme activity, suggesting an involvement of a divalent cation in activity. The enzyme was also stabilized by divalent cations when heated and the results suggested a major role for Ca2+ ions for both activity and thermostability. The alpha‐amylase from S. thermoviolaceus displayed some similarities with commercially‐used streptomycete alpha‐amylases.
Presence of Erwinia chrysanthemi in two major river systems and their alpine sources in Australia
Authors: Cother E. J. , Gilbert R.L. 
Published: March 2008

Cother, E.J. & Gilbert, R.L. 1990. Presence of Erwinia chrysanthemi in two major river systems and their alpine sources in Australia. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 729–738.Erwinia chrysanthemi was isolated over three summers by filtration, with or without enrichment, of water samples from the headwaters of the Murray and Murrum‐bidgee Rivers and from several locations downstream. The bacterium could not be detected in streams rising adjacent to headwater catchments nor could it be detected in freshly voided faeces of native and domestic animals in the vicinity of the Mur‐rumbidgee headwaters. Although it survived passage through the intestinal tract of a guinea pig and fowl, it did not persist in either animal. The bacterium survived for at least 211 days at 16d̀C in sterile distilled water. The specific localities from which the bacterium was isolated and the lack of external sources of inoculum indicate that E. chrysanthemi is most likely a constituent of the sessile bacterial population on stream weeds and sediments and is not a contaminant of this alpine environment.
Thermophilic campylobacters in surface waters around Lancaster, UK: negative correlation with campylobacter infections in the community
Authors: Jones K. , Betaieb M. , Telford D.R. 
Published: March 2008

Jones, K., Betaieb, M. & Telford, D.R. 1990. Thermophilic campylobacters in surface waters around Lancaster, UK: negative correlation with campylobacter infections in the community. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 758–764.The incidence of campylobacter enteritis in Lancaster City Health Authority is three times the UK average for similar sizes of population and has marked seasonal peaks in May and June.Environmental monitoring of surface waters around Lancaster showed that ther‐mophilic campylobacters were absent from drinking water from the fells and from the clean upper reaches of the River Conder but were present in the main rivers entering Morecambe Bay, the lower reaches of the River Conder, the Lancaster canal, and seawater from the Lune estuary and Morecambe Bay. AH the surface waters tested showed the same seasonality, namely, higher numbers in the winter months and low numbers or none in May, June and July. The absence of thermo‐philic campylobacters in the summer months may be due to high sunshine levels because experiments on the effects of light showed that campylobacters in sewage effluent and seawater were eliminated within 60 and 30 min of daylight respectively but survived for 24 h in darkness.As the concentrations of campylobacters in surface waters were at their lowest precisely at the time of peak infections in the community it is unlikely that surface waters form Lancaster's reservoir of campyiobacter infection for the community.
Culture medium for Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae
Authors: Yuan Wuqiao 
Published: March 2008

Yuan, W. 1990. Culture medium for Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 798–805.Studies on nutrient requirements of four Chinese strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae in a modified Watanabe's medium led to the development of a new synthetic medium containing sucrose, sodium glutamate, methionine, KH2PO4, NH4C1 and iron chelated with EDTA. The concentration of each ingredient was optimized based on the number of colonies and time required for their appearance. Various concentrations of some nutrients were compared based upon their effects on growth of the pathogen strains and 34 contaminants from rice materials. Tryp‐tone enhanced the growth of X. c. oryzae more than that of many contaminants, including Erwinia herbicola. Peptone stimulated growth of X. c. oryzae without promoting excessive contamination. When compared with other media used for X. c. oryzae, the new culture medium enriched with tryptone and peptone gave the highest recovery and earliest appearance of colonies of Chinese strains of this bacterium.
Fate of pathogenic and non‐pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in two fermented milk products
Authors: Feresu Sara , Nyati Hilda 
Published: March 2008

Feresu, S. & Nyati, H. 1990. Fate of pathogenic and non‐pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in two fermented milk products. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 814–821.The growth and survival of pathogenic and non‐pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli was determined in traditionally fermented pasteurized and unpasteurized milk and in Lacto, an industrially fermented milk. Each milk treatment was incubated at 20d̀C for 24 h and then stored at either 20d̀C or 5d̀C for 96 h.Lacto inhibited all the three E. coli strains. Two strains could not be recovered and the third survived only in very low numbers after 24 h storage of Lacto at both 20d̀C and 5d̀C. All three E. coli strains survived and multiplied to maximum cell numbers in the range 107‐109/ml during traditional fermentation of unpasteurized milk. Cell numbers decreased to 103‐106 and 102‐105 during storage of the fermented product at 20d̀C and 5d̀C respectively. Higher maximum numbers, 109‐1010, of the three strains of E. coli were attained during traditional fermentation of pasteurized milk. The numbers decreased to 105‐108 and 104‐107 during storage of the fermented product at 20d̀C and 5d̀C respectively. Generally, fewer E. coli survived when the fermented milk products were stored at refrigeration temperature.
Rapid methods for differentiating Gram‐positive from Gram‐negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria
Authors: Manafi M. , Kneifel W. 
Published: March 2008

Manafi, M. & Kneifel, W. 1990. Rapid methods for differentiating Gram‐positive from Gram‐negative aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 822–827.Different tests based on lysis by KOH and on reaction with fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates, L‐alanine‐4‐nitroanilide (LANA); L‐alanine‐4‐methoxy‐β‐naphthylamide (MNA); 4‐alanine‐2‐amidoacridone (AAA); L‐alanine‐7‐amido‐4‐methylcoumarin (AAMC); 8‐anilino‐l‐naphthalene‐sulphonic acid (ANS) were compared for their suitability to distinguish Gram‐positive from Gram‐negative bacteria. A concentration of 100 μg/ml was chosen for incorporating LANA, AAA, AAMC and ANS into the growth medium, based on sensitivity tests. MNA did not show any detectable reaction over a concentration range from 50 to 200 μg/ml, and led to inhibition of all bacteria at 200 μ/ml. In the examination of a total of 146 bacterial strains, including Yersinia enterocoiitica, Bacillus cereus, and B. subtilis the KOH test was not comparable with the Gram staining. A good correlation with Gram staining was found between LANA, AAA and AAMC added to plate count agar on one hand, and LANA and AAMC impregnated paper strips on the other hand, thereby utilizing the aminopeptidase activity. Agar containing ANS showed detectable fluorescence with all Gram‐negative strains, but with Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. epidermidis a weak reaction was also observed. AAMC was selected for a rapid paper strip test With this substrate a pronounced blue fluorescence was obtained with Gram‐negative colonies.
Adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to cell monolayers
Authors: Wyatt I.E. , Poston S.M. , Noble W.C. 
Published: March 2008

Wyatt, J.E., Poston, S.M. & Noble, W.C. 1990. Adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to cell monolayers. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 834–844.Adherence of four strains of Staphylococcus aureus to eukaryotic cell monolayers was assayed with [3H]‐thymidine labelled bacterial cells and the results were analysed by non‐parametric statistical tests. Adherence to primary (human mesothelial) and semi‐continuous (human embryonic lung) cell monolayers was significantly better than to continuous cell lines (HEp2, HeLa and Vero). HEp2 cell monolayers provided the most reliable assay substrate of the continuous cell lines tested. Variation occurred between bacterial culture batches but the assay measured significant differences between adhesion levels of the strains and distinguished between high level (RN92, 8325–4) and low level (Wood46, ISP458) adhering strains. Adherence to different batches of cell monolayers also varied but relative adherence values for strains were similar and the ranking of strains according to adhesion values ‐was unchanged.Potential adhesion mediators have been monitored for their effect on adhesion of a highly adherent strain (RN92) to HEp2 monolayers. Fibronectin, protein A and anti‐protein A did not significantly affect adhesion. Lipoteichoic acid caused a significant inhibition of adhesion. With critical statistical analysis to accommodate inherent variations, this assay provides a useful model to study factors involved in adherence of Staph. aureus to eukaryotic cells.
Plasmid‐encoded resistance to macrolides and lincosamides in Staphylococcus hyicus
Authors: Schwarz S. , Wegener H. , Blobel H. 
Published: March 2008

Schwarz, S., Wegener, H. & Blobel, H. 1990. Plasmid‐encoded resistance to macrolides and lincosamides in Staphylococcus hyicus. Journal of Applied Bacteriology69, 845–849.A small plasmid of 2–35 kb, isolated from a porcine Staphylococcus fcyicus‐culture, was found to be responsible for constitutive resistance to macrolide/lincosamide antibiotics. This plasmid‐encoded property could be established by interspecific transformation experiments. The plasmid from porcine Staph. hyicus was designated as pSE2. It differed on the basis of its restriction map from the macrolid/lincosamid resistance (MLR‐)‐plasmids of other staphylococcal species from infections of humans. Furthermore, the pSE2 plasmid encoded two proteins of approximately 20.5 and 30 kDa.
Establishment in the piglet gut of lactobacilli capable of degrading mixed‐linked β‐glucans
Authors: Jonsson Eva , Hemmingsson Susanne 
Published: March 2008

The establishment in piglets of lactobacilli with ability to degrade mixed‐linked (1 → 3), (1 → 4) β‐D‐glucans was studied in faeces from 15 animals. The piglets had free access to creep feed with an estimated content of 2%β‐d‐glucans from 5 days of age. On days 3 and 35, ca log 8 cfu/g of β‐glucan‐degrading lactobacilli were found in a majority of the samples. On days 7, 14 and 21 such bacteria were only found occasionally.During establishment of the microflora in the neonate, the faecal lactobacilli of the piglet seemed related to those of the sow. Later, the metabolic activity of the lactobacilli in piglet faeces showed a connection to the composition of the diet. The possible relation of these bacteria to occurrence of β‐glucanases attributed to be endogenous in the pig is discussed.
The effects of some halogen‐containing compounds on Bacillus subtilis endospores
Authors: Williams Nicola D. , Russell A.D. 
Published: March 2008

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) were more active against Bacillus subtilis 8236 spores in both viability and in germination and outgrowth studies than were polyvinylpyrrolidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) and Lugol's solution. Of the two chlorine compounds studied NaOCl proved to be the more active. The two iodine‐containing compounds gave contrasting results with the Lugol's solution demonstrating increased antibacterial activity with increasing available iodine concentration. The antibacterial behaviour of PVP‐I, however, reflected the more complex nature of aqueous iodine—surfactant mixtures. Initially, non‐complexed iodine concentration (the active species) increased with increasing total available iodine concentration, resulting in increasing antibacterial activity. However, due to changes in the physical properties of the mixture, a maximum concentration of non‐complexed iodine was reached so that a further increase in total available iodine resulted in a decrease in non‐complexed iodine concentration and consequently a decrease in the antibacterial activity of the solution was observed.A greater inhibitory effect was observed in subsequent germination and outgrowth studies when spores were pre‐treated with respective biocide than when untreated spores were added to germination media containing biocide at t= 0. This may reflect a combination of different contact times plus the neutralizing effect of the germination media on such halogen compounds.
Fermentation characteristics of Clostridium pasteurianum LMG 3285 grown on glucose and mannitol
Authors: Heyndrickx M. , Vos P. De , Ley J. De 
Published: March 2008

Clostridium pasteurianum fermented glucose to acetate, butyrate, CO2 and H2. In batch cultures the fermentation pattern was only slightly affected by culture pH over the range 8·0 to 5·5. The acetate/butyrate ratio was always higher than or equal to one. Between 2·14 and 2·33 mol H2 was produced per mol glucose fermented. At unregulated pH, more butanol and less butyrate was formed. In a carbon‐limited chemostat, the steady‐state acetate/butyrate ratio was always lower than one. H2 production was approximately 1·70 mol per mol glucose consumed. Substantial amounts of extracellular protein were formed. With decreasing pH, acetate and formate production decreased, while H2 production was highest at pH 6.0. With increasing dilution rate (D), the product spectrum hardly changed, but more biomass was formed. Yglucosemax and YATPmax were 55·97 and 31·48 g dry weight per mol glucose or ATP respectively. With increasing glucose input the formation of fatty acids and H2 slightly decreased.Continuous cultures fermented mannitol to acetate, butyrate, butanol, CO2 and H2. With acetate as co‐substrate, butanol production and molar growth yields, Ymannitol and YATP, markedly decreased, while the butyrate and H2 production increased. The latter reached a value of 2·21 mol H2 per mol mannitol consumed.
Developmental changes to gut microflora metabolism in mice
Authors: Brennan‐Craddock W.E. , Mallett A.K. , Rowland I.R. , Neale S. 
Published: March 2008

W.E. BRENNAN‐CRADDOCK, A.K. MALLETT, I.R. ROWLAND AND S. NEALE. 1992. Developmental changes in the activities of bacterial nitrate reductase, nitroreductase and β‐glucuronidase and their response to fermentable dietary fibre, were investigated in caecal contents from suckling mice (2‐week‐old) and in mice aged 4–24 weeks fed either a purified fibre‐free diet or that diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) pectin. There was no apparent age‐related trend common to the three enzymes studied. Nitrate reductase activity in the mice fed the fibre‐free diet did not markedly alter with age. Pectin administration, however, was associated with a significant increase in nitrate reductase activity, particularly in 4‐week‐old mice. Nitroreductase activity exhibited an overall upward trend in mice from 2 to 12 weeks and thereafter decreased. Caecal β‐glucuronidase activity in mice increased sharply between 2 weeks and 4 weeks of age, thereafter not changing significantly until the 24th week. Pectin feeding had no consistent effect on activities either of nitroreductase or β‐glucuronidase. The changes in enzyme activities with age were not related to the concentration of bacteria in the caecum, which was highest in the 2‐week‐old mice.We conclude that the weaning is a period in which marked changes in caecal bacterial enzyme activities can occur.
A comparison of the sensitivity of wound‐infecting species of bacteria to the antibacterial activity of manuka honey and other honey
Authors: Willix D.J. , Molan P.C. , Harfoot C.G. 
Published: March 2008

Both honey and sugar are used with good effect as dressings for wounds and ulcers. The good control of infection is attributed to the high osmolarity, but honey can have additional antibacterial activity because of its content of hydrogen peroxide and unidentified substances from certain floral sources. Manuka honey is known to have a high level of the latter.Seven major wound‐infecting species of bacteria were studied to compare their sensitivity to the non‐peroxide antibacterial activity of manuka honey and to a honey in which the antibacterial activity was primarily due to hydrogen peroxide. Honeys with activity in the middle of the normal range were used. A comparison of the median response of the various species of bacteria showed no significant difference between the two types of activity overall, but marked differences between the two types of activity in the rank order of sensitivity of the seven bacterial species. The non‐peroxide antibacterial activity of manuka honey at a honey concentration of 1.8% (v/v) completely inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus during incubation for 8 h. The growth of all seven species was completely inhibited by both types of honey at concentrations below 11% (v/v).
Evaluation of a model biofilm for the ranking of biocide performance against sulphate‐reducing bacteria
Authors: Whitham T.S. , Gilbert P.D. 
Published: March 2008

A model artificial biofilm was developed and evaluated for ranking the performance of biocides for application in oil production pipelines. The biofilm consisted of an alginate gel matrix into which were incorporated bacteria, scrapings from the inner surfaces of oil production pipelines and some crude oil.The viability and sulphide‐respiration rates of sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) within freshly‐prepared artificial biofilm remained largely unchanged during a 2‐week storage period. Furthermore, storage of the model biofilm did not alter the susceptibility of the incorporated SRB to a biocide. These findings showed that artificial biofilm may be produced in advance of a biocide assessment study and stored for at least 2 weeks over the course of the study without the model system undergoing changes which affected the relative performance of the biocides assessed. Artificial biofilms were found to be more resistant to biocides than planktonic bacteria and the addition of oil pipeline scrapings and crude oil to the artificial biofilm was found to increase further the resistance of biofilm to biocides.
Microbial metabolism of 2‐arylpropionic acids: effect of environment on the metabolism of ibuprofen by Verticillium lecanii
Authors: Hanlon G.W. , Kooloobandi A. , Hutt A.J. 
Published: March 2008

The effect of environment on the growth of Verticillium lecanii and its metabolic transformation of racemic ibuprofen are reported. The growth of V. lecanii exhibited a lag phase of up to 12 h followed by a period of rapid growth for up to 4 d. The optimal conditions for growth of the micro‐organism were determined to be 24°C at pH 7.0 with a culture volume of up to one‐tenth of the culture flask volume.The metabolic oxidation of (R,S)‐ibuprofen occurred in both growing cultures and washed cell suspensions of V. lecanii. Examination of the stereochemical composition of the remaining substrate indicated that under both conditions the oxidation was substrate stereoselective for the R‐enantiomer of the drug. Using growing cultures of the micro‐organism, quantitative conversion of the substrate to the metabolite was achieved following incubation for 14 d. Examination of the enantiomeric composition of the metabolic product indicated an excess of the S‐isomer (ratio S/R = 2.1). The possible mechanisms for the apparent anomaly in the stereoselectivity of (R,S)‐ibuprofen metabolism and the enantiomeric composition of the metabolite are discussed.
Substrate affinity from bacterial strains and distribution water biofilms
Authors: Frías J. , Ribas F. , Lucena F. 
Published: March 2008

Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) is almost the only limiting factor of bacterial growth in drinking water. Two representative bacterial strains were isolated from a two‐column reactor for the determination of BDOC (from respectively the first and the second column) and used to estimate their growth kinetics in two different types of water: finished water from a water treatment plant and water collected at the outlet of the first column of the BDOC reactor. Ks, the substrate saturation constant, was calculated by analogy with Michaelis‐Menten enzyme kinetics, and for each strain a lower Ks value was observed for the type of water that it normally receives.K
s for in situ biofilms, from both first and second column and the same types of water, were also calculated according to a technique which uses a curve‐matching method with kinetic results from the non‐steady‐state experiments. In this case, the results were similar for the first and second column biofilms. However, a higher affinity was observed for finished water than for the water from the outlet of the first column in both biofilms.