bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between Floodplain Lake Fish Communities and Environmental Variables in a Large River‐Floodplain Ecosystem
Authors: Lubinski Benjamin J. , Jackson John R. , Eggleton Michael A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFloodplain lakes of large river systems contain fish habitats that are not found elsewhere within the river, and these lakes have a diversity of environmental conditions that vary in space and time. Our objective was to examine relationships between floodplain lake fish communities and environmental variables associated with lake morphology, water chemistry, and river‐floodplain connectivity in a large river‐floodplain ecosystem. Multivariate direct‐gradient analyses indicated that lake surface area, lake depth, water clarity, and (to a lesser extent) dissolved oxygen were the most important factors in the structuring of lake fish communities. Results further suggested that floodplain lakes could be placed into groups that contained distinctive fish communities. Fish community structure was not strongly related to river‐floodplain connectivity, though fish species richness in individual lakes was positively correlated with degree of flooding in those lakes. Fish species diversity in lakes was positively correlated with linear distance between lakes and the main river channel; lakes that were furthest from the main river channel had more diverse fish communities. The diversity of environmental conditions in floodplain lakes is essential for maintaining net ecosystem diversity in large river ecosystems.
Model‐Based Clustering in a Brook Trout Classification Study within the Eastern United States
Authors: Zhang Huizi , Thieling Teresa , Prins Samantha C. Bates , Smith Eric P. , Hudy Mark 
Published: May 2008

AbstractData collected on the population status (extirpated or present) of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis at the landscape level across the eastern United States is useful for identifying important stressors and predicting brook trout status at the watershed level. However, when dealing with data compiled over a large region, a single model may not adequately describe relationships between variables. To find models with better classification performance, we used a Monte Carlo model‐based clustering method with logistic regression models to obtain subregions with good predictive performance. To subdivide the eastern United States into subregions, we used Voronoi tessellations with randomly selected centers. The average fraction correctly classified for fit was the criterion used when searching for optimal models within clusters. Logistic regression models were chosen by stepwise selection based on five explanatory variables: Elevation, percentage of forested land, percentage of agricultural land, road density, and an environmental factor (depositional NO3 and SO4). Application of the method to the brook trout status data set resulted in six subregions and improved predictive ability by approximately 20% relative to the single regionwide model. Resulting models were also more interpretable than the single model and reflected effects at a smaller spatial scale. In contrast to results of the single model, the role of elevation in the six subregional models was consistent with expectations and indicated an increased probability of brook trout presence with increased elevation. The resulting models should be useful for identification and prioritizing sites for restoration and recovery programs.
Buoyancy Regulation by Hatchery and Wild Coho Salmon during the Transition from Freshwater to Marine Environments
Authors: Weitkamp Laurie A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOne aspect of diadromy that has received little attention is buoyancy regulation in fish moving between freshwater and marine environments. Because of density differences between the two water types, fish must alter their whole‐fish density (WFD) or they will become positively (float) or negatively (sink) buoyant as they change environments. This idea was first suggested over 80 year ago but has been largely overlooked by the scientific community. To explore how fish regulate buoyancy during this important transition, I measured WFD and lipid levels and estimated swim bladder volumes (SBVs) of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch collected from freshwater and marine environments. These fish exhibited increased WFD with increasingly dense environments, suggesting active buoyancy regulation. Most of the WFD increase was attributable to decreases in SBV, although hatchery coho salmon also exhibited decreased lipid levels with increasing WFD. Hatchery coho salmon had significantly higher lipid levels than wild coho salmon in both freshwater and marine environments. These high lipid levels may impede the ability of hatchery fish to regulate buoyancy and may increase their vulnerability to surface predators. Furthermore, lipid levels that vary with both environmental water density and fish origin clearly complicate the interpretation of this variable during the important transition from freshwater to the ocean.
Harvest and Relative Abundance of Siscowet Lake Trout in Michigan Waters of Lake Superior, 1929‐1961
Authors: Bronte Charles R. , Sitar Shawn P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSiscowet, a deepwater morphotype of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush and the top predator in Lake Superior, currently makes up most of the lake trout biomass in this lake. Anecdotal accounts indicate that siscowets made up some portion of the historical lake trout commercial fishery, but estimates of harvest and relative abundance are lacking. By using the location information provided by historical fishers on monthly catch reports and past and contemporary knowledge of the depth distribution of siscowets, we provide the first estimates of historical siscowet commercial harvest, fishing effort, and changes in relative abundance for Michigan waters of Lake Superior from 1929 to 1961. Siscowets made up about 27% of the historical yield of lake trout in Michigan waters during this period, but the composition varied greatly among management units. The relative abundance of siscowet in its principal habitat (waters deeper than 80 m) generally declined in most management units before the increase in fishing effort in the mid to late 1940s and the invasion of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus during the 1950s. These factors led to the collapse of nearshore lean lake trout populations by the late 1950s. Modest levels of fishing effort (around 2,000 km annually) before sea lamprey invasion were sufficient to cause declines in siscowet and were probably related to the low production rates associated with the k‐selected life history attributes of this deepwater morphotype.
Semianalytical Model for Reservoirs With Forchheimer's Non-Darcy Flow
Authors: Zeng Fanhua , Zhao Gang 
Published: May 2008

Summary
This paper presents a semianalytical model to investigate the effect of Forchheimer's non-Darcy flow on the transient pressure behavior of a vertical well in an infinite homogeneous reservoir. The model uses the Forchheimer number to accurately quantify the non-Darcy flow in the reservoir through differentiating it from sandface-flow-rate-dependent skin factor, which is used to model the inertial-factor variation around the wellbore caused by perforation or formation damage/stimulation.
Type curves are documented for both drawdown and buildup tests for the first time by use of the semianalytical model proposed. It is observed that when non-Darcy flow in reservoirs and/or across completions is considered, the dimensionless pressure-derivative curves of drawdown tests have a wider transition region with gentler slopes, while those of buildup tests exhibit a shorter transition region with steeper slopes, similar to the observations of Kim and Kang (1994), Spivey et al. (2004) and Camacho-V et al. (1996). In the radial-flow period, compared with the cases of non-Darcy flow only across completions, the cases with non-Darcy flow in reservoirs for drawdown and buildup tests possess dimensionless pressure derivatives moving downward more gradually and smoothly to approach 0.5 at decreasing gradients. In general, the pressure derivatives of drawdown tests are larger than those of buildup tests before they converge to 0.5.
With this model, the skin factor for non-Darcy flow across the completion and the dimensionless Forchheimer number for non-Darcy flow in the reservoir can be estimated from a common drawdown or buildup test. Guidelines for interpreting field test data are presented. Several typical cases from the literature are analyzed, and better type-curve matches and more-reliable results are obtained.
Focused Sampling of Reservoir Fluids Achieves Undetectable Levels of Contamination
Authors: O'Keefe Michael , Eriksen Kåre Otto , Williams Stephen , Stensland Dag , Vasques Ricardo 
Published: May 2008

Summary
A new generation of sampling technology is introduced that allows a wireline formation tester (WFT) to sample reservoir fluids in open hole with levels of filtrate contamination that are, in many cases, below measurable limits. Also, the time required on station to clean up before sampling is significantly reduced in comparison to conventional sampling methods.
Formation-fluid sampling has always been adversely affected by mud-filtrate contamination, which introduces errors into the laboratory measurements of fluid properties and requires analytical methods to back-calculate the measured properties to approximate the uncontaminated reservoir fluid. The ability to secure a totally clean sample of formation fluid at reservoir conditions is a significant advance that provides accurate fluid information for characterization of the reservoir, flow assurance, facility design, production strategies, and defining reserves.
The application of this new focused sampling technology is presented in four case studies from wells drilled on the Norwegian continental shelf. A wide range of formation fluids and permeabilities are examined, in both oil-based and water-based drilling fluids. Results from focused sampling are compared directly with conventional sampling in the same reservoir zones. This study also gives insight into the cleanup dynamics of invaded filtrate and explores the different factors that affect performance of the focused sampling technique.
An important consequence of achieving negligible contamination is the ability to accurately measure fluid properties in-situ. Reduced cleanup time allows for efficient reservoir fluid profiling, whereby multiple zones can be scanned sequentially in real time to quantify the fluid properties at a much higher resolution than traditional sampling methods. Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) can thus provide an additional source of information in the process of revealing complex reservoir architectures.
Estimation of Storativity Ratio in a Layered Reservoir With Crossflow
Authors: Al-Ajmi N. M. , Kazemi H. , Ozkan E. 
Published: May 2008

Summary
This paper presents a practical method to estimate the storativity ratio of a dual-permeability layered reservoir with crossflow from pressure-transient data. The method uses an analytical formula for the storativity ratio in terms of the separation between the two semilog straight lines on the pressure vs. log-time plot, similar to the method used for dual-porosity systems. Knowing the storativity ratio from a well test allows individual-layer properties to be estimated if the layer flow rates are available from production logs. Demonstrations of the method to estimate the storativity ratio and individual-layer properties are presented by examples. Comparison of the results with those obtained from the existing techniques is also provided to highlight the accuracy of the proposed technique.
Results of cytologic and microbiologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in New Zealand White rabbits
Authors: Hawkins Michelle G. , Vernau William , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Griffey Stephen M. , Johnson Lynelle R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine cytologic and microbiologic findings in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and SpO2 values obtained during BAL in healthy rabbits.
Animals—9 rabbits.
Procedures—Bronchoscopic BAL of left and right caudal lobar bronchi (LB2 and RB4) was performed with 3 mL of sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution; SpO2 was measured before, during, and after BAL. Percentage fluid recovered, total leukocyte counts, and differential cell counts were determined. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial, mycoplasmal, and fungal cultures were performed from combined LB2 and RB4 samples.
Results—Mean ± SD percentage fluid volumes recovered from LB2 and RB4 were 53 ± 13% and 63 ± 13%, respectively. Mean ± SD total leukocyte counts from LB2 and RB4 were 422 ± 199 cells/μL and 378 ± 97 cells/μL, respectively. Macrophages were most frequently identified. There were no significant differences in volumes retrieved, total leukocyte counts, or differential cell percentages between LB2 and RB4. Microbial culture results were negative for 3 rabbits and positive for mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacterial growth in 6 and 2 rabbits, respectively. The SpO2 was ≥ 95% in 7 of 9 rabbits after anesthetic induction, < 95% in 5 of 6 rabbits 1 minute after BAL, and ≥ 95% in 5 of 9 rabbits and > 90% in 4 of 9 rabbits 3 minutes after BAL.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bronchoscopic BAL with 3 mL of saline solution provided adequate fluid recovery for microbiologic and cytologic examination from the caudal lung lobes. Transient low SpO2 was detected immediately after BAL.
Effect of acepromazine, butorphanol, or N-butylscopolammonium bromide on visceral and somatic nociception and duodenal motility in conscious horses
Authors: Sanchez L. Chris , Elfenbein Johanna R. , Robertson Sheilah A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of butorphanol, acepromazine, and N-butylscopolammonium bromide (NBB) on visceral and somatic nociception and duodenal motility in conscious, healthy horses.
Animals—6 adult horses.
Procedures—Visceral nociception was evaluated by use of colorectal distention (CRD) and duodenal distention (DD) threshold. Somatic nociception was evaluated via thermal threshold (TT). Nose-to-ground height, heart rate, and respiratory rate were also measured. Each horse received each treatment in randomized order; investigators were not aware of treatments. Butorphanol was administered IV as a bolus (18 μg/kg) followed by constant rate infusion at 13 μg/kg/h for 2 hours, whereas acepromazine (0.04 mg/kg), NBB (0.3 mg/kg), and saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (2 mL) were administered IV as a bolus followed by constant rate infusion with saline solution (10 mL/h) for 2 hours. Variables were measured before and for 3 hours after treatment. Data were analyzed by use of a 3-factor ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni t test for multiple comparisons.
Results—Nose-to-ground height decreased after acepromazine. Respiratory rate decreased after acepromazine and increased after butorphanol. Heart rate increased briefly after NBB. Some horses had an increase in TT after butorphanol and acepromazine, but there was not a significant treatment effect over time. Drug effect on DD or motility was not evident. The CRD threshold increased significantly at 5, 65, 155, and 185 minutes after acepromazine and from 5 to 65 minutes after NBB.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Each drug caused predictable changes in sedation and vital signs, but consistent anti-nociceptive effects were not evident.
Cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with thiopental, propofol, or a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam in dogs sedated with a combination of medetomidine and hydromorphone
Authors: Enouri Saad S. , Kerr Carolyn L. , McDonell Wayne N. , Dyson Doris H. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with thiopental, propofol, or ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam in dogs sedated with medetomidine and hydromorphone.
Animals—6 healthy adult dogs.
Procedures—Dogs received 3 induction regimens in a randomized crossover study. Twenty minutes after sedation with medetomidine (10 μg/kg, IV) and hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg, IV), anesthesia was induced with ketamine-diazepam, propofol, or thiopental and then maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Measurements were obtained prior to sedation (baseline), 10 minutes after administration of preanesthetic medications, after induction before receiving oxygen, and after the start of isoflurane-oxygen administration.
Results—Doses required for induction were 1.25 mg of ketamine/kg with 0.0625 mg of diazepam/kg, 1 mg of propofol/kg, and 2.5 mg of thiopental/kg. After administration of preanesthetic medications, heart rate (HR), cardiac index, and PaO2 values were significantly lower and mean arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, and PaCO2 values were significantly higher than baseline values for all regimens. After induction of anesthesia, compared with postsedation values, HR was greater for ketamine-diazepam and thiopental regimens, whereas PaCO2 tension was greater and stroke index values were lower for all regimens. After induction, PaO2 values were significantly lower and HR and cardiac index values significantly higher for the ketamine-diazepam regimen, compared with values for the propofol and thiopental regimens.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Medetomidine and hydromorphone caused dramatic hemodynamic alterations, and at the doses used, the 3 induction regimens did not induce important additional cardiovascular alterations. However, administration of supplemental oxygen is recommended.
Evaluation of the diffusion of corticosteroids between the distal interphalangeal joint and navicular bursa in horses
Authors: Pauwels Frederik E. , Schumacher James , Castro Fernando A. , Holder Troy E. , Carroll Roger C. , Sega Gary A. , Rogers Chris W. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether clinically effective concentrations of methylprednisolone or triamcinolone can be achieved in the navicular bursa after injection of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) or triamcinolone acetonide (TA) into the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) and whether clinically effective concentrations of these drugs can be achieved in the DIPJ after injecting the navicular bursa with the same doses of MPA or TA.
Animals—32 healthy horses.
Procedures—Horses in groups 1 through 4 received 40 mg of MPA in the DIPJ, 10 mg of TA in the DIPJ, 40 mg of MPA in the navicular bursa, and 10 mg of TA in the navicular bursa, respectively. Concentrations of corticosteroids that diffused into the adjacent synovial structure were determined.
Results—For group 1, injection of MPA into the DIPJ yielded a mean ± SD concentration of 0.24 ± 0.072 μg of methylprednisolone/mL in the navicular bursa. For group 2, injection of TA into the DIPJ yielded 0.124 ± 0.075 μg of triamcinolone/mL in the navicular bursa. For group 3, injection of MPA into the navicular bursa yielded 0.05 ± 0.012 μg of methylprednisolone/mL in the DIPJ. For group 4, injection of TA into the navicular bursa yielded 0.091 ± 0.026 μg of triamcinolone/mL in the DIPJ.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A clinically effective concentration of methylprednisolone or triamcinolone diffused between the DIPJ and navicular bursa after intra-articular or intrabursal injection, which would justify injection of the DIPJ with MPA or TA to ameliorate inflammation of the navicular bursa.
Evaluation of computed tomographic anatomy of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint
Authors: Vanderperren Katrien , Ghaye Benoit , Snaps Frédéric R. , Saunders Jimmy H. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine the detailed computed tomography (CT) anatomy of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint in healthy horses.
Sample Population—10 cadaveric forelimbs from 10 adult horses without orthopedic disease.
Procedures—CT of the MCP joint was performed on 4 forelimbs. In 1 of the limbs, CT was also performed after intra-articular injection of 30 mL of contrast medium (40 mg of iodine/mL). Transverse slices 1-mm thick were obtained, and sagittal and dorsal planes were reformatted with a slice thickness of 2 mm. The CT images were matched with corresponding anatomic slices from 6 additional forelimbs.
Results—The third metacarpal bone, proximal sesamoid bones, and proximal phalanx could be clearly visualized. Common digital extensor tendon; accessory digital extensor tendon; lateral digital extensor tendon; superficial digital flexor tendon (including manica flexoria); deep digital flexor tendon; branches of the suspensory ligament (including its attachment); extensor branches of the suspensory ligament; collateral ligaments; straight, oblique, and cruciate distal sesamoidean ligaments; intersesamoidean ligament; annular ligament; and joint capsule could be seen. Collateral sesamoidean ligaments and short distal sesamoidean ligaments could be localized but not at all times clearly identified, whereas the metacarpointersesamoidean ligament could not be identified. The cartilage of the MCP joint could be assessed on the postcontrast sequence.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CT of the equine MCP joint can be of great value when results of radiography and ultrasonography are inconclusive. Images obtained in this study may serve as reference for CT of the equine MCP joint.
Assessment of serum thyroid hormone concentrations in lambs with selenium deficiency myopathy
Authors: Dalir-Naghadeh Bahram , Rezaei Siamak Asri 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Objective—To assess changes in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones associated with selenium deficiency myopathy in lambs.
Animals—35 lambs with selenium deficiency myopathy and 30 healthy lambs.
Procedures—Blood samples were collected via jugular venipuncture from lambs with selenium deficiency myopathy and healthy lambs. Activities of markers of selenium deficiency myopathy (erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px] and plasma creatine kinase [CK]) and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and total thyroxine (tT4) and total triiodothyronine (tT3) concentrations were assessed; values in affected lambs were compared with those in healthy lambs. Correlations of erythrocyte GSH-Px and plasma CK activities with serum concentrations of TSH, tT4, and tT3 were investigated, and the tT3:tT4 concentration ratio was evaluated.
Results—Compared with findings in healthy lambs, erythrocyte GSH-Px activity, serum tT3 concentration, and tT3:tT4 concentration ratio were significantly decreased and serum concentrations of tT4 and TSH and the activity of plasma CK were significantly increased in affected lambs. Analysis revealed a significant negative correlation in the affected group between erythrocyte GSH-Px activity and each of the following: plasma CK activity (r = −0.443), serum TSH concentration (r = −0.599), serum tT4 concentration (r = −0.577), and serum tT3 concentration (r = −0.621).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that notable changes in circulating amounts of thyroid hormones develop in association with selenium deficiency in lambs. Such alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism may be involved in the high incidence of disorders, such as stillbirths and neonatal deaths, in selenium-deficient flocks.