bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using HyperCard to make architecture education more learner‐centred
Authors: Vásquez de Velasco Guillermo , Mendívil Antonieta Angulo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors are developing a communication strategy to promote the potential contribution of students in the design of learner‐centred material for architecture education. They start by drawing an analogy with practising architects’ strategies for communicating with collective clients and the way in which such experience can increase understanding among teachers, students, and designers of pedagogic material. In support of feasibility, the authors describe experiences and observations of students producing prototypes of pedagogic material within HyperCard on a Macintosh. They discuss the benefits of this approach.
Making control technology work in the classroom
Authors: Whalley Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractConsiderable emphasis is now being given to the use of control technology in the classroom. Using a microcomputer in this way to control physical micro‐worlds can be an interesting and powerful educational experience, and it is viewed as a good way to provide practical experience of programmable systems that are familiar to children, eg traffic lights, lifts, level crossings etc. Teachers using this technology usually also have the intention of encouraging general problem solving skills and ‘systems thinking’. Unfortunately there is often a gulf between these aims and what happens in the classroom. Higher order goals are frequently lost in the attempt to cope with the presently available control technology environments. An additional concern is that the literature suggests that girls perform much less well in these environments than might be expected.The author considers how far the characteristics of the programming languages used in control technology might be influencing this pattern of outcomes, and suggests that the difficulties might be overcome by presenting the tasks in a more appropriate form to grasp the interest and imagination of a wider range of children. The first part describes the development of a system for teaching control technology that is based on an alternative metaphor to that underlying the conventional control languages. The second part deals with some of the challenges involved in evaluating computer systems in the classroom. A pilot study is reported which examined gender differences in the context of a ‘buggy’ control task.
The use of audio‐visual aids in intermediate stage schools for girls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AI‐Sharhan Jamal 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper decribes an investigation into the use of audio‐visual aids in teaching in the intermediate stage schools for girls, which are run by the General Presidency for Girls’Eudcation. Questionnaire data were collected and analysed and various factors were found to influence the use/non‐use of audio‐visual aids. It makes recommendations, which, if adopted, would increase the use of audio‐visual aids in Saudi intermediate schools for girls, and stimulate the teaching‐learning process.
Fishing with the net fur research data
Authors: Foster Geoff 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExtended descriptive text documents, such as transcripts of interviews, are a source of data which is gaining in importance as phenomenographic approaches to qualitative research become more widely used as computer software is developed to aid the task of analysis. This article describes a trial of a method of data gathering using electronic mail over international computer networks which might present real advantages over face to face interviews in terms of labour of transcription, since the information arrives already in a form readable by analytical software. Additional advantages are the widening of geographic scope, by the elimination of the need for researchers to travel to meet respondents; and the freedom for‘interviewing’to be done at times convenient to both parties. There are, however, a number of issues arising which need to be taken into account if the technique is to be fully effective.
Learning lessons from business games: factors influencing software development
Authors: Burgess Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper adopts an historical perspective to view the development of business gaming software in the United Kingdom. It argues that, given its use and evolution over three decades, studying this particular software type can generate insights that can be transferred to educational software in general. It also highlights the extent of user‐developed software and the accompanying impact on the availability of technology to the user.
A hypercard based environment for the constructivist teaching of Newtonian physics
Authors: Gill Simon , Wright David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMany students have severe difficulties in successfully gaining a good understanding of Newtonian Mechanics. They exhibit deep misconceptions, many of which have developed as pre‐instructional ideas on the subject in order to explain observed phenomena and experience. We have been developing a series of computer based systems to address this problem by presenting the learner with flexible routes of learning to help elicit, restructure and understand the concepts involved. The systems are based on our previously described theories of the application of Hypermedia to allow constructivist approaches to learning. We are committed to developing usable, inviting and self‐paced packages that allow for individual differences, and levels of communication for students. The system is constructed using off‐the‐shelf multimedia authoring tools, that allow non‐programmers to build educational packages that take account of soundly based theories of learning.
Valuing values: reflections on a social value paradigm of educational computing
Authors: Russell Glen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe technical capabilities and educational potential of computers have increased in recent years. The advent of technologies such as CD‐ROM may exacerbate an existing trend in the use of computers in education whereby values are transmitted to students without educators fully understanding the process. The implications of CD‐ROM technology for the teaching of implicit and explicit values are discussed, and a social value paradigm is proposed as a partial answer to the problem.
Designing instructional text for older readers: a literature review
Authors: Hartley James 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of whether or not we need to design text differently for older readers. Research with relatively simple text indicates that there is little firm evidence to suggest that making design changes for older readers (except for increasing type‐sizes) facilitates their performance. However, some research with more complex text settings suggest that changes made to facilitate the understanding of complex text actually appear to hinder older readers. These findings suggest that older readers should play a part in the user‐testing stage of the development of instructional text.
Investigating the cognitive structure of students studying quantum theory in an open university history of science course: a pilot study
Authors: Lawless Clive 
Published: October 2006

AbstractConcept maps have been used to present information and to facilitate learning by students constructing their own maps, but there have been few studies on concept maps as a tool for research into the nature of student learning and the evaluation of the effectiveness of teaching. In setting concept mapping exercises two main issues have been identified, the framework in which students construct their maps (ie the instructions and assistance provided) and procedures for analyzing complete maps. Students taking a history course at a distance, generated concept maps after studying an introductory teaching unit on quantum mechanics. Analysis of the maps and comparison with the unit authors’map showed students’failure to identify‘radiation’as a central concept and to make links between concepts considered essential by the authors. Inspection of the teaching material indicated that‘radiation’as a central concept was implicit rather than directly explained. Analysis of students’descriptions of relationships between concepts identified different levels of description, with a group of students consistently responding at higher level than the rest of the sample. The study confirmed the usefulness of concept maps as a tool for research and evaluation and their potential for development as qualitative measures of learning.
Enhancing educational software with audio: assigning structural and functional attributes from the SSF model
Authors: Mann Bruce 
Published: October 2006

AbstractForty‐five years of intuitive combinations of audio‐visual information have produced only mixed results. This paper proposes a conceptual, case‐based method for adding audio to software. This method, unlike the intuitive approach, requires the researcher to assign structural and functional attributes from the SSF Model to specific software activities.
PROFIL: a method for the development of multimedia courseware
Authors: Koper Rob 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article describes a dedicated method for the design of multimedia courseware, called PROFIL. The method integrates instructional design methods and techniques with software engineering methods and techniques. Furthermore it integrates media selection in the design methodology and it takes account of the design of courses of which courseware is a only a part. A program is designed and produced in six phases (preliminary investigation, definition, script, technical realisation, implementation and exploitation).‘The essence of the method is that a distinction is made between functional objects and the implementation of the functional objects in the available media, and that the same design process is repeated at different aggregation levels.
Multimedia and the changing experience of the learner
Authors: Laurillard Diana 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper argues for a pedagogical analysis of what the new multimedia systems can offer that will impose on them a more ambitious objective than they currently have. It begins by summarising a framework for analysing educational media, in terms of how well they each support the teaching‐learning process. The different types of media are then related to different ‘modes’ of learning: via the narrative media which support learning through acquisition, the discursive media which support learning through discussion, the interactive media, which support learning by discovery, and adaptive media which can be used to support ‘guided discovery’. Multimedia is sometimes seen as a way of re‐purposing material originally developed for narrative media. Because it can be (even should be) an adaptive medium, this requires the learning objectives to be re‐constructed if the new medium is to achieve its pedagogical potential and offer a new kind of learning experience to students.
Teaching and learning online: a correspondence education for the 21st century?
Authors: Rowntree Derek 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the author reflects on his first experience of tutoring on an online course. He compares online courses with their classroom and distance learning equivalents, from the point of view of both tutors and learners. This leads to a consideration of the multiple roles of the online tutor and how they can be acquired. The paper ends with an appraisal of some of the risks and drawbacks of online courses.
Research mentor: a tool to aid in the training of scientific investigators
Authors: Weiner David , Weiner Judith 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe describe an intelligent mentor for teaching the ability to think scientifically. The student is given an arbitrary starting place in the matrix of knowledge surrounding an area of biomedical research. He/she then proposes hypotheses and supporting experiments which are checked against the knowledge base for agreement, consistency or contradiction. Agreement or consistency results in the report of successful experiments, thus advancing the student's “state‐of‐the‐art.” Contradiction results in failure of the experiment to support the hypothesis. In either case, a new hypothesis can then be proposed and tested, each step being potentially contingent on results of the last.The knowledge base upon which the system operates is a frame‐based implementation of the Biomatrix, augmented with pointers to literature citations. Each object (hypotheses, experiments, cells, animals, etc.) is described in terms of its properties and its relations to other objects. Thus, the matrix is represented as a semantic network. Other objects create the relations among the hypotheses, subhypotheses, experiments and other parts of the knowledge base.This system provides experiential learning at a rate determined by the student, while saving costly resources.
The use of computers in sports science
Authors: Sharp Bob 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA survey of UK sports scientists was carried out to identify the extent and nature of uses for computers, it was found that over 40% of those surveyed use computers for teaching and research. Whilst a number of areas were shown to be amenable to computer application, exercise science was the most common. Generally the software was considered to be robust, flexible and of great value. Approximately two thirds of all software was commercial in origin. Many people were unsure about licence agreements and copyright but all expressed a keen desire for better communication between users and a greater sharing of information.
Information access and retrieval with hypermedia information systems
Authors: Oliver Ron , Oliver Helen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStudents' success with interactive information systems (IIS) such as those found in many CD‐ROM applications depends to large degree on their capacity accurately to choose and apply search strategies in response to information needs. IIS systems provide many ways to retrieve information, with some methods being more efficient and effective than others. The purpose of this study was to investigate the search strategies employed by novice users of an IIS system and to analyse the problems and issues that were impediments to successful use. A class of 12 year old students was instructed in the use of an electronic encyclopaedia. The students used the encyclopaedia as an information source for individual projects and on completion their information skills tested and analysed. The study found that students tended to employ inefficient search strategies and experienced difficulty in creating search requests for information related problems.
The use of electronic mail in undergraduate teaching
Authors: Pitt Martin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn introductory computing course is described in which the students were required to register their presence and submit assignments by electronic mail. This was found to have advantages in improving class discipline without a schoolroom atmosphere. Returning assignments by electronic mail was found to be an effective method of giving individual help to those who needed it most, and individual student misconceptions could be more easily detected.
The relationship between personality and attitudes towards computers: an investigation among female undergraduate students in Israel
Authors: Francis Leslie , Katz Yaacov , Evans Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe relationships between computer‐related attitudes and the Eysenckian personality dimensions of extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism are explored among a sample of 298 female students in Israel. The data demonstrate that more positive attitudes towards computers are associated with higher scores on the psychoticism scale and lower scores on the extraversion scale. There is no significant relationship between attitudes towards computers and scores on the neuroticism scale
The cognitive impact of multimedia simulations on 14 year old students
Authors: Yildiz Rauf , Atkins Madeleine 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe study investigated the cognitive impact of three different types of multimedia simulation (physical, procedural and process) for teaching the concept of energy to 14 year old students. A six cell design was used to control for gender and for three levels of prior achievement within a random sample of 36 students for each simulation. Pre and post‐tests were administered. The results showed a significant, consistent cognitive gain for the physical simulation ‐ a surrogate exploration of how electricity is made in a power station. Results for the procedural and process simulations revealed a more complex and varied pattern of interaction between type of simulation and student characteristics which can be linked to specific design features.
Technology refusal: Rationalising the failure of student and beginning teachers to use computers
Authors: Wild Martyn 
Published: October 2006

AbstractResearch findings in the area of information technology in teacher education (ITTE) appear to be consistent, suggesting that information technology (IT) is still significantly under‐used by pre‐service teachers, particularly on teaching practice, and by beginning teachers. Investigations that have attempted to attribute the reasons for this have largely addressed students' development of attitudes to IT and their relative success in acquiring IT skills and knowledge. This paper takes a different approach and attempts to rationalise the apparent failure of IT education in pre‐service courses in terms of the individual. More particularly, it offers a conceptual framework for investigating and analysing the failure of IT education, particularly at pre‐service level, suggesting that IT outcomes are likely to be diverse and variable for any one student‐teacher population: and that these outcomes need to be considered in the context of individual students' constructions of IT meaning.
Curricula and the use of ICT in education: Two worlds apart?
Authors: Tondeur Jo , Van Braak Johan , Valcke Martin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn many countries, information and communication technology (ICT) has a clear impact on the development of educational curricula. In Flanders, the education government has identified and defined a framework of ICT competencies for expected outcomes, related to knowledge, skills and attitudes that pupils are expected to achieve at the end of primary school. However, it has never been examined whether teachers are using ICT in accordance with the competencies proposed by the Flemish government. In order to answer this question, a survey was conducted among 570 respondents in a stratified sample of 53 primary schools. Results show that teachers mainly focus on the development of technical ICT skills, whereas the ICT curriculum centres on the integrated use of ICT within the learning and teaching process. This indicates the existence of a gap between the proposed and the implemented curriculum for ICT. The paper concludes with the potential value of a school‐based ICT curriculum that ‘translates’ the national ICT‐related curriculum into an ICT plan as part of the overall school policy.
BUSINESS ETHICS IN RUSSIA: Business Ethics in the New Russia: A Report
Authors: Dunfee Thomas W. 
Published: October 2006

Last June, Moscow was the setting for a Russian‐sponsored conference on business ethics. One of the participants from the USA, Professor Thomas W. Dunfee, here gives his impressions of what was clearly an instructive occasion. Professor Dunfee is Kolodny Professor of Social Responsibility at the Wharton School of Business of the University of Pennsylvania and is an international authority on business ethics.“Older people have an ethics problem. By that, I mean they have ethics. To survive, I can break a law if I need to and if the risks aren't too large. Older people wouldn't even think in such a way.” Dimitri Zotov, explaining why young people are in high professional demand in the new Russia, Wall Street Journal, p.A5, Col.1, 8/2/93.“Shell‐shocked men and women spend their days hacking through the post‐Soviet wilderness in search of a near‐mythical creature, an honest joint‐venture partner.” David Brooks, “Cracking That Post‐Soviet Market”, Wall Street Journal, editorial page, 8/24/93.
PERESTROIKA'S POLITICAL ECONOMY
Authors: Davies R.W. 
Published: October 2006

Abel Aganbegyan, The Challenge: Economics of Perestroika. London: Hutchinson “Second World” Series, 1988. xxvii + 248 pp.Padma Desai, Perestroika in Perspective: the Design and Dilemmas of Soviet Reform. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1989. ix + 138 pp.Anders Aslund, Gorbachev's Struggle for Economic Reform: The Soviet Reform Process, 1985–88. London: Pinter, 1989. x + 218 pp.
A THEORY OF KLEPTOCRACY WITH PROBABILISTIC SURVIVAL AND REPUTATION*
Authors: Grossman Herschel I. , Noh Suk Jae 
Published: October 2006

We develop a positive theory of kleptocracy, in which the incumbent ruler's concern about his survival probability can induce him to pursue relatively benevolent policies. But, this effect can lower the equilibrium tax rate only until the time‐consistency requirement becomes a binding constraint on the equilibrium tax rate. The minimum time‐consistent tax rate in a reputational equilibrium is lower the more that the ruler values prospective future revenues, but the value of prospective future revenues itself depends on the ruler's survival probability. The analysis reveals that, if a relatively benevolent tax policy is both necessary and sufficient for a high survival probability, then equilibrium tax policy is relatively benevolent.Until two or three hundred years ago, it was characteristic almost
Strategic returns to international diversification: An application to the equity markets of Europe, Japan and North America
Authors: Ammer John , Mei Jianping 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe undertake a decomposition of the risk factor loadings of 15 national stock market returns from 1972 to 1990, using a variant of the Campbell‐Shiller (1988) linearisation. (Campbell, John Y. and Shiller, Robert J., ‘The dividend‐price ratio and expectations of future dividends and discount factors’, Review of Financial Studies, Vol. 1, 1988, pp. 195–228.) We find considerable variation among countries in the relative importance of a cash flow component and a discount rate component in determining the beta with the world equity index return and with other risk factors. Also, the substantial international heterogeneity in factor loadings suggests that a global portfolio allows ample hedging opportunities, presumably deriving from differences in underlying economic structure.
Adverse selection, volume and transactions around dividend announcements in a continuous auction system
Authors: Rubio Gonzalo , Tapia Mikel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe show that liquidity providers do not significantly respond to changes in information asymmetry risks, at least when we analyse their trading behaviour around dividend announcements of a representative sample of stocks in a continuous auction trading mechanism. the implicit bid‐ask spread does not seem to change beyond what is normally conveyed through an increased number of transactions. We also document that the information in the trading behaviour of investors is primarily contained in the number of daily transactions.