bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SEX HORMONES ON THE METABOLISM OF COLLAGEN AND 45CA BY THE BONES OF YOUNG GONADECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Kowalewski K. , Heron F. , Russell J. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Collagen and calcium metabolism in long bones of young gonadectomized rats was studied using a double radioisotope labelling method. Rats were treated, or not, for 20 days with testosterone propionate (TP) or oestrone (Oe). 14C-proline was used in the labelling of bone collagen and the conversion of proline to hydroxyproline was taken as an index of collagen synthesis. The content and specific activity of hydroxyproline in serum and urine were also determined. 45Ca was used in the labelling of bone calcium and the changes in 45Ca content in the bone were used as a measure of mineral accretion in the skeleton. Serum and urine were also studied for calcium content and specific activity.
The overall results suggest that both sex hormones used had significant anabolizing action on bone collagen and calcium. These hormones enhanced the synthesis and breakdown of collagen and the deposition of calcium in the bones. The action of TP was much more marked than the action of Oe under the conditions of the present experiment.
NOCTURNAL GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION: CORRELATION WITH SLEEPING EEG IN ADULTS AND PATTERN IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH NON-PITUITARY DWARFISM, OVERGROWTH AND WITH OBESITY
Authors: Quabbe H.-J. , Helge H. , Kubicki S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Half-hourly blood samples and continuous EEG recordings were obtained during nocturnal sleep in ten adults in whom a special sampling system working from the adjacent room was used in order not to disturb the sleep. In nine of the ten adults the first D/E-stage during sleep was accompanied by a significant increase in plasma growth hormone (HGH) (2.5 to 31.8 ng/ml). Of 16 subsequent D/E-stages only three were accompanied by HGH peaks.
Similar studies but without EEG recordings were done in 25 children and adolescents. HGH peaks comparable to those seen in adults occurred in normal children, children with constitutional or primordial dwarfism, with retarded growth associated with renal or with miscellaneous diseases and in children with overgrowth. These peaks frequently seemed to coincide with periods of deeper sleep as judged from observation of the children. There was no evidence that HGH peaks occurred less often or were smaller in dwarfed children or that children with overgrowth had higher or more frequent HGH peaks. However, fewer and smaller HGH peaks were seen in obese children, whether or not obesity was associated with overgrowth.
There was no correlation between nocturnal HGH peaks and variations in the concentration of blood sugar (BS), free fatty acids (FFA) or immunoreactive insulin (IRI).
No apparent correlation could be seen between the height of the nocturnal HGH peaks and the response of plasma HGH concentration to provocative stimuli.
It is concluded that nocturnal HGH peaks are related to, but not exclusively determined by phases of slow-wave sleep. They are not due to disturbance of sleep by the sampling procedure. Their pattern is the same in adults, normal children and in children with non-pituitary dwarfism or overgrowth. Obese subjects often have fewer and smaller nocturnal HGH peaks even when obesity is associated with overgrowth.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL AND FREE SERUM THYROXINE IN THYROID DISEASES
Authors: Liewendahl K. , Tötterman J. , Lamberg B.-A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The free thyroxine fraction in serum was determined by means of a rapid method based on the uptake of radioactive thyroxine by Sephadex (T4U). The corresponding values for percentage free thyroxine (PFT4) were obtained by simultaneous determination of the dialysable fraction. A good linear correlation was established between the two methods. Serum total thyroxine (T4) was determined by the competitive protein-binding technique. The concentration of the absolute free thyroxine (AFT4) was calculated. Of the three laboratory parameters tested, AFT4 showed the highest discrimination in both hyper- and hypothyroidism. The »free thyroxine index«, FT4I, which is a product of T4 and T4U, proved equally useful. Good results were also obtained with T4, whereas PFT4 showed the largest overlap with the normal values. PFT4 is important, however, for the calculation of AFT4. The rapid method for determination of the free thyroxine fraction described in this paper is suitable for routine use in the clinical laboratory.
EINFACHE KORREKTUREN ZUR ELIMINIERUNG UNSPEZIFISCHER FLUOROGENE BEI STEROIDBESTIMMUNGEN
Authors: Stahl F. , Dörner G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Simple correction procedures are described for improvement of specificity in fluorometric determinations of unconjugated 11-OHCS (cortisol + corticosterone) as well as free + conjugated testosterone and androstendione in urine. They are based on the measurement of fluorescence intensities at different times of fluorescence development or at different wavelengths of the emission light using maximum and auxiliary excitation wavelengths. The corrected values are compared with those obtained with usual fluorometric measurements. The results indicate, that by the aid of corrections not only unspecific fluorogens are eliminated from crude extracts of body fluids but also »internal blanks« are obtained in steroid samples purified by chromatographic techniques.
SEPARATION OF GROWTH INHIBITING POTENCY FROM OESTROGENICITY IN DIFFERENT WEAK OESTROGENIC DRUGS OF VARIOUS CHEMICAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Herbai Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It was investigated in the mouse whether in some synthetic weak oestrogens the ability to inhibit sulphate incorporation rate in costal cartilage (and to retard body growth) is strictly bound to oestrogenicity. A new double isotope method was used which permits a correction of the sulphate uptake values in vivo for drug-induced alterations of the size of the exchangeable inorganic sulphate pool of the animals.
All drugs were given for 6 days. Oestrogenicity was tested by the uterotrophic assay. Fenocyclin®, TACE® and methallenestril (Vallestril®) all caused a marked and dose-dependent decrease of both the rate of sulphate incorporation and of the size of the sulphate pool. The drugs also caused retardation of the weight-gain of the animals but to varying degrees. The demethylated form of methallenestril was in all respects much more active than the parent compound. The (+)-antipode of the former was less oestrogenic, but a stronger sulphate uptake inhibitor than the (−)-antipode.
Sexovid® (cyclofenil; F 6066) and the related substance F 6088 caused a pronounced inhibition of sulphate incorporation without markedly affecting the size of the sulphate pool. The former was stronger weight-gain inhibitor than the latter.
For most drugs there was a clear-cut correlation between the sulphation inhibiting potency and the growth retarding potency but some of them (especially Fenocyclin®) were rather weak as weight-gain inhibitors. The potency ratios between sulphate uptake-inhibiting and uterotrophic effects of all studied drugs were much higher than that of oestradiol benzoate. The potency ratio was especially outstanding with Fenocyclin®, Sexovid®, F 6088 and with the (+)-antipode of demethylated methallenestril.
It is concluded that the growth retarding and sulphate incorporation-inhibiting properties of weak oestrogens are not strictly bound to classical oestrogenicity.
ANALYSIS OF TOTAL, GROUPED, AND INDIVIDUAL URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS: A CRITICAL EVALUATION
Authors: Matthijssen Charles , Goldzieher Joseph W. , Franco Christina , Wright Edna L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The complex origin of urinary 17-ketosteroids on the one hand, and the need for technical simplicity on the other, make it desirable to have available a series of analytical methods. In some circumstances it may be sufficient to obtain a simple overall measurement which is highly non-specific; in others it may be desirable to measure, with greater specificity and at the cost of greater complexity, the 11-deoxy and/or the 11-oxy ketosteroid moieties; in still other circumstances it may be important to assess the excretion of the individual ketosteroids with methods of high precision and specificity, but of proportionately greater technical complexity. Various procedures have been investigated, especially with respect to accuracy and specificity. Hydrolysis with perchloric acid in tetrahydrofuran produces the same extensive destruction found with other mineral acids. The Girard reaction greatly improves specificity but does not remove all spurious Zimmermann chromogens. Thin-layer chromatography does not insure complete colorimetric specificity either, and it is found to be a prerequisite for quantitative gas chromatography. GLC using chloromethyldimethyl silyl ethers and 5α-dihydrotestosterone as an internal standard provides excellent separation and quantitation of the 7 individual 17-ketosteroids. Extensive precautions are required with GLC methods (including this one) to find and eliminate contaminants which have the same retention time as steroids of interest; the problem of specificity, so well known with Zimmermann chromogens, is not eliminated by the use of GLC.
A method is described for purification and group separation (11-oxy, 11-deoxy) of the 17-ketosteroids; this is followed by colorimetrie measurement of the groups or, after recombining them, by quantitative GLC analysis to measure the individual steroids.
EFFECTS OF SEROTONIN ON SPONTANEOUS OVULATION: A THEORY FOR THE DUAL HYPOTHALAMIC CONTROL OF OVULATION
Authors: Labhsetwar Anant P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an attempt to study the inhibitory effects of serotonin on spontaneous ovulation, the monoamine was administered subcutaneously to rats with 4-day oestrous cycles. Administration (50 mg/kg) at 5.00 p. m. on the day before pro-oestrus interfered with ovulation without affecting vaginal cornification, uterine ballooning or mating. This effect on ovulation could be overcome with methysergide, a specific antagonist of serotonin. Administration, at appropriate times, of LH or oestradiol benzoate or the stimulus provided by mating prevented the inhibitory effects of serotonin. implicating a central rather than a peripheral mechanism in interference with ovulation. This was further confirmed by the persistence in the serotonin-treated animals of high levels of pituitary LH, comparable to pro-oestrous levels. It is probable that serotonin blocked ovulation by augmenting the inhibitory effects of serotoninergic fibres in the hypothalamus. It is postulated on the basis of the present results and those reported in the literature that the hypothalamus exercises a dual control over ovulation, inhibitory influences being transmitted through serotonin-linked neurones while stimulatory effects are delivered via catecholaminergic fibres to neurones which synthesize releasing factor(s) for the ovulating hormone. It is postulated that a certain degree of balance in favour of the catecholaminergic system is necessary for the occurrence of ovulation. Inhibition of ovulation occurs whenever the serotoninergic system gains dominance over catecholaminergic system. The theory can account for the effects on ovulation of a multitude of chemically diverse agents reported in the literature.
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH) IN CHILDREN OF SHORT STATURE TREATED WITH HGH
Authors: Waldhäusl Werner K. , Rath Franz 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The development of antibodies against HGH (Raben) has been studied in 10 children with short stature who have been treated with HGH for from 4 months up to 5 years. Significant titres of antibody against HGH, > 1 : 3100, with a low avidity to 125I-HGH were found radioimmunologically by a simple double antibody immunoassay method in three out of 10 children. In these patients a concomitant decrease in the growth rate was observed simultaneously with the appearance of antibodies against HGH. The occurrence of clinically significant titres of antibodies against HGH in all three patients coincided with the administration of one single batch (no. 5) of HGH. However, two children who initially had shown a good response to therapeutic doses of HGH developed a rapid decrease growth rate after three years of successful treatment, without any evidence of detectable antibodies against HGH in the peripheral serum. The data obtained suggest that as well as antibodies against HGH, other factors may also account for the development of resistance to the therapeutic effect of HGH.
A COMPARISON OF SERUM PBI AND THYROXINE IODINE LEVELS
Authors: Farran Helen E. A. , Haiste Christine , Hoffenberg R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum PBI and thyroxine iodine (T4I) levels have been compared in a large series of patients. A mean difference of 0.35 μg/100 ml was found in euthyroid subjects, but a much greater difference obtained when both values were high, whether the elevation resulted from hyperthyroidism, pregnancy or the administration of thyroxine or oestrogen. This discrepancy was greater in a group of patients with diffuse goitre than in those with nodular glands. A circulating non-thyroxine iodinated compound is thought to account for this discrepancy, the origins of which could lie in the thyroid gland, although peripheral deiodination of thyroxine seems more likely.
THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF [1-D-SERINE, 17–18-DILYSINE]-β-CORTICOTROPHIN-(1-18)-OCTADECAPEPTIDE-AMIDE
Authors: Maier René , Barthe Pierre L. , Schenkel-Hulliger Lotte , Desaulles Pierre A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Compared with β-corticotrophin-(1-24)-tetracosapeptide (tetracosactide), [1-D-serine,17,18-dilysine]-β-corticotrophin-(1-18)-octadecapeptide-amide (CIBA 41,795-Ba) is a highly potent peptide in respect of its adrenal and extra-adrenal activities in the rat.
The adrenal steroidogenic activity of these two peptides in vivo varies according to the parameter measured. A comparison of the threshold doses reveals that 41,795-Ba is 10 times more potent than tetracosactide, but when the doses producing equal areas under the time-curves are compared, 41,795-Ba is 100 times more potent, while the duration of action of 41,795-Ba expressed in terms of the maximum plasma corticosterone concentrations is 4 times longer than that of the same dose of tetracosactide. The octadecapeptide is about 10 times more potent than tetracosactide in its capacity to evoke steroidogenesis in vitro, in depleting the adrenals of ascorbic acid, and in its melanophore-expanding activity. Its lipolytic potency is about 3 times greater than that of tetracosactide in vitro and about 100 times greater in vivo at threshold doses.
Preliminary studies in man have shown that 41,795-Ba possesses about 10 times the corticotrophic activity of tetracosactide and a longer duration of action.
LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) AND PROGESTERONE IN PLASMA AND LH AND OESTROGENS IN URINE DURING 42 NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLES
Authors: Johansson Elof D. B. , Wide Leif , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH and oestrogens were measured during the normal menstrual cycle of 22 young and healthy women. A total of 42 cycles were investigated. The urinary excretion of total oestrogens increased during several days before the rise of LH in the urine. The day of maximum excretion of LH and total oestrogens coincided during the midcycle period. The mid-cyclic rise in LH was found to occur on the same day in the plasma and urine and the days of maximum values coincided in 11 out of 16 cycles. In 5 cycles the maximum level was reached one day later in the urine. The plasma levels of progesterone started to increase during the LH and oestrogen peaks. The days for maximum levels of progesterone coincided with the second peak of urinary oestrogens. The levels of progesterone in the plasma reached values above 10 ng per ml in all normal cycles. The plasma levels of progesterone were below 1 ng per ml plasma when menstrual bleeding started. The length of the luteal phase was 14.4 ± 1.1 (s) days. The sum of daily urinary excretion of total oestrogens and the sum of the daily plasma progesterone levels varied within 15 per cent of the mean in five out of six women studied during more than two cycles. The variation in values for the sums of daily oestrogen excretion and plasma progesterone levels was considerably larger between menstrual cycles of different women than between menstrual cycles of the same woman.
THE MEASUREMENT OF OESTRADIOL AND PROGESTERONE IN PLASMA FROM NORMAL, INFERTILE AND CLOMIPHENE TREATED WOMEN
Authors: Robertson D. M. , Mešter J. , Kellie A. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The use of clomiphene to assess ovarian function in women has been monitored by the determination of plasma oestradiol and progesterone concentrations. The assay of both hormones was carried out on one plasma sample after separation of oestradiol and progesterone by TLC. The oestradiol was determined by double competitive binding to rabbit uterine supernatant (Robertson et al. 1971) and the progesterone by competitive binding to corticosteroid binding globulin. After clomiphene stimulation the oestradiol levels in the follicular and luteal phases exceeded those found in normal cycles; this was also true of progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase. The methods of assay were also used to follow changes in plasma hormone levels during the early stages of pregnancy in hitherto infertile women. These cases included a twin pregnancy and a pregnancy which terminated in abortion at 7 weeks.
THE MEASUREMENT OF HIGH-AFFINITY OESTRADIOL RECEPTORS IN HUMAN UTERINE ENDOMETRIUM AND MYOMETRIUM
Authors: Robertson D. M. , Mešter J. , Beilby J. , Steele S. J. , Kellie A. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentration of unoccupied high-affinity oestradiol receptors in the cytosol of human uterine endometrial curettings and biopsy tissue has been determined. In normal specimens, where the day of the menstrual cycle could be assessed histologically, a variation of tissue receptor concentration throughout the cycle was observed showing a maximum at mid-cycle and minima at the beginning and end of the cycle.
The distribution of oestradiol receptor sites in the endometrium and myometrium along the length of the uterus has also been studied. Highest concentrations in the endometrium were found in the fundus and these levels fell progressively to negligible concentrations in the isthmus and cervix. In general, the concentration of receptor sites in biopsy material was lower than in curettings and this observation has been related on the region of the uterus from which the samples were obtained. The concentration of receptor sites in abnormal uterine specimens lay within the normal range.
PERIPHERAL PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVELS DURING THE CANINE OESTROUS CYCLE
Authors: Christie D. W. , Bell E. T. , Horth C. E. , Palmer R. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma progesterone levels were determined in 16 Beagle bitches undergoing a normal oestrous cycle. The mean concentration rose during oestrus and a peak of 20.3 ng/ml was attained early in metoestrus. Considerable variation was noted between animals in respect of the magnitude and timing of the progesterone peak. The time of the highest progesterone values ranged from three days before the end of oestrus to Day 21 of metoestrus. The mean hormone levels remained elevated throughout metoestrus.
On the basis of the time of the initial rise in progesterone levels during oestrus and the oestrogen peak values in three animals, it is suggested that ovulation occurs on the first or second day of oestrus.
MELATONIN ON ENDOCRINE DNA CHANGES IN FEMALE RATS AT INCREASING AGES
Authors: Singh D. V. , Turner C. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sixty female Sprague-Dawley-Rolfsmeyer rats were divided equally into three groups, twenty in each group at 25 days of age. One half of each group serving as controls received saline, the other half received 100 ftg melatonin/100 g body weight at 25, 35. and 45 days of age, for 10 days. They were killed 24 hours after the last injection. Pituitaries. ovaries, uteri, adrenals and thyroids were collected and weighed. DNA determination by the method described by Webb Se Levy (1955) was used for ovaries, uteri and adrenals only.
Pituitary weight was not affected much by the treatment of melatonin. Thyroid weight increased: adrenals, ovaries and uterine weight decreased gradually up to 55 days in melatonin treated group as compared to the control. Ovarian total DNA increased significantly at 35 days of age, but significantly decreased at 45 and 55 days of age in melatonin treated group as compared to the corresponding controls. No difference in total DNA in adrenals was found in melatonin treated animals as compared to control group at any age. The total DNA of the uteri increased 29 % at 35 days of age but decreased at 55 days of age by 14%. These data also show that the DNA/mg of endocrine glands dry fat free tissue decreased with increasing age suggesting a reduction in functional cells per unit weight in older animals.
THE UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION OF 14C-CLOMIPHENE CITRATE IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF NEWBORN FEMALE GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Schulz K.-D. , Hölzel F. , Bettendorf G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Newborn female guinea pigs received a single subcutaneous injection of 150 μg 14C-clomiphene/l00 g body weight. At different time intervals after clomiphene administration the radioactivity was measured in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamic region, pituitary, ovary, liver, adrenal gland and uterus. As early as 1 hour after injection 14C-activity was detectable in all the organs examined. Corresponding to the well-known anti-oestrogenic and oestrogen-like activities of clomiphene, the oestrogenresponsive tissues of the hypothalamic region, pituitary and uterus indicated a high affinity for this compound. Compared with the cerebral cortex, these organs showed a 2- to 7-fold incorporation of 14C-radioactivity 3 hours after the injection. In the uterus a rather constant 14Clevel was maintained during a period of 25 hours. A high uptake and retention of the labelled compound were also detectable in the liver and the adrenal gland. The ovary has the capacity to accumulate a large amount of the 14C-labelled substance. But this ability is only demonstrable during the first 6 hours after clomiphene administration; after this the 14C-activity decreases rapidly, like the 14C-level in the blood plasma. The relevance of this result for the direct effect of clomiphene on ovarian stereoidogenesis is discussed. Furthermore the distribution of l4C-clomiphene was studied in the nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction and in the particle free supernatant of the above mentioned organs.
UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE BEEINFLUSSUNG DER THYREOTROPHIN-INKRETION BEIM MENSCHEN
Authors: von zur Mühlen A. , Emrich D. , Hesch R. D. , Köbberling J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured radioimmunologically in primary hypothyroid patients after administration of organic iodine (Endojodin®), iodoaminoacids, synthetic corticotrophin (ACTH) and cortisone. During intravenous injections of Endojodin® for 5 days there was a slight but significant decrease of plasma TSH. After oral application of 6 different l-iodoaminoacids in high doses over several days we observed in rough relation to their biologic activity a fall in TSH levels in plasma. D-thyroxine, however, was also active under these conditions. During infusions of synthetic ACTH (β1-24, β1-39) and cortisone in two different doses the TSH levels in primary hypothyroid patients decreased in the same way.
Synthetic thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF) after intravenous application was followed by an abrupt rise in plasma TSH concentration in euthyroid and primary hypothyroid persons. In secondary hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients no or only slight effects were observed in the TSH levels. The possible employment of TRF in the diagnosis of thyroidal or hypophyseal disorders is discussed.