bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IS THE TAX WEDGE IN POLAND NON-LINEAR?
Authors: Augustynowicz Ewelina 
Published: March 2024

The article attempts to answer the question posed in the title - is the tax wedge in Poland non-linear? The aim of the article is to present changes in the size of the tax wedge with the increase in gross pay and to examine whether there is a pay threshold beyond which the size of the tax wedge decreases. In the course of the research, the impact of gross pay on the size of the tax wedge was compared. The study also attempts to indicate the gross pay, beyond which the size of the tax wedge increases again.
A hypothesis was formulated that there is a pay threshold beyond which the tax wedge loses its linear character. The comparative analysis of the size of the tax wedge was carried out on twenty-three variants of gross pay. The results show that after exceeding the gross spay of PLN 20,100, the tax wedge loses its linear character.
The Evaluation of Parenting Styles of Children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Rahman Taslima , Royle Ramendra Kumar Singh , Chowdhury Ahmed Riad , Islam S. M. Zikrul , Islam Rafiqul , Akter Nurjahan , Gani Muhammad Ataul 
Published: March 2024

Background: Parenting has an important role in improving the performance of children with ADHD and in their families, this study will create awareness about parenting styles among parents addressing differences in parenting styles and improving the quality of child mental health.
Objective: This study was intended to evaluate the different parenting styles of parents having children with ADHD and healthy children. It also aimed to find out any relationship between the socio-demographic variables of children and parents with the parenting style of the diseased child.
Methodology: This was a case-control study. The study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet during the period from September 2020 to August 2022. ADHD was diagnosed using DSM-5 and confirmed by a consultant psychiatrist. A total of 60 parents of children (ADHD=30, Healthy=30) were interviewed who fulfilled the enrollment criteria. Semi-structured questionnaire for socio-demographic variables and a Bangla Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) were used for assessing parenting style. The data analysis was conducted utilizing the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, followed by post-hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.
Results: The predominant parenting style found to be applied to children with ADHD was authoritative (56.67%), followed by 26.67% authoritarian parenting and 16.33% permissive parenting style. Among the parents of healthy children, 53.33% were authoritative, 23.33% were authoritarian and permissive. There was a statistically significant association of parenting styles with education level and occupation. ADHD children's parents who studied up to the primary level had a significantly higher authoritarian score and (authoritarian p = 0.005) and the normal children's parents who studied up to the secondary level had a significantly higher authoritarian score (authoritarian p = 0.007. A significant association was found in the authoritarian domain in parents who were housewives (p = 0.032). Individuals within 6-9 years age range exhibit significantly higher scores in the authoritative domain (p=.001). Both boys and girls groups exhibit a considerably higher score in the authoritative domain (p=.003, p=.001).
Conclusion: The fact that parenting styles influence ADHD may appear to be a burden, but it can also be an opportunity to change one's life. Solutions like parent training programs can provide skills and strategies as well as help build resilience in parents to manage the challenging behavior of children with ADHD.
Feeding Tomorrow: A Journey into Sustainable Nutrition for Personal and Planetary Health
Authors: Marak Natasha R , Parashar Arya 
Published: March 2024

In a time when the relationship between one’s own health and the health of the planet is more intertwined than ever, the idea of sustainable nutrition appears as a tenet for promoting both planetary and individual balance. This article explores the complex connection between our diet and physical health, highlighting the significant influence our food choices have on the environment. Fundamentally, sustainable nutrition promotes an intentional eating style that goes beyond individual health restrictions. It invites people to think about how their food choices may affect the environment more broadly. Given that eating habits have a significant impact on ecological footprints, the article promotes a switch to plant-based diets, stressing the sustainable production of a variety of crops that support biodiversity and reduce the strain on natural resources. It examines the damage that modern industrialized agriculture causes to the environment and emphasizes the need of using organic and regenerative farming techniques. It also promotes lowering carbon footprints by consuming seasonal, local produce, which has positive effects on the environment and the economy. The article addresses the issue of global food waste and suggests composting, careful meal planning, and backing initiatives to reduce food waste in order to reduce landfill methane emissions.
The present review employs a methodology that includes a thorough literature review and an objective evaluation of studies conducted in an area of sustainable development. It also aims to identify trends, challenges, and potential directions for future exploration. To sum up, it aims to shed light on the mutually beneficial relationship between individual and global health. This article aims to inspire a collective commitment to nourishing not only our bodies but also the Earth we call our home, by encouraging mindfulness in dietary choices, advocating for sustainable food systems, and promoting education. As we embark on this journey towards sustainable nutrition, we lay the foundation for a healthier, more resilient future for both ourselves and the planet.
IL-6 Gene (174G/C) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism as an Indicator of COVID-19 Severity in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Kasem Bsant Safwat , Sharshar Ragia S. , Ibrahim Wesam Salah , Elserogy Hesham Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

Background: The viruses' direct damage plays a part in the disease's beginning, the cytokine storm brought on by COVID-19 is crucial to the emergence of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between IL-6 and its IL- 6 gene (174G/C) single nucleotide polymorphism with the pathogenesis of COVID-19 severity in Egyptian patients.
Materials & Methods: Egyptian patients proved to be COVID-19 positive were classified into three groups; Group 1 (mild cases), Group 2 (moderate cases) and Group 3 (severe and critical cases). Complete blood count, liver function tests, renal function tests, CRP, and coagulation profile, serum ferritin, D-dimer, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase and detection of serum interleukin 6 levels, and IL-6 gene polymorphism were investigated for all enrolled 135 patients.
Results: There was a significant decrease of platelets count of group II & III as compared to group I. There was a significant increase of total leucocytic count, CRP, ferritin, D – dimer, procalcitonin, blood urea and IL6 of group III as compared to group I & II. There was significant decrease of relative lymphocyte counts % of group III as compared to group I & II. There was significant increase of LDH of group II & III as compared to group I. There were no statistically significant differences were found as regards hemoglobin, SGPT, SGOT, serum creatinine and I.N.R & interleukin-6 174G/C distribution of the different studied groups.
There were positive correlations between serum interleukin 6 levels and CORAD scores, ferritin count, LDH, and D- dimer, and blood urea, and only a negative correlation with relative lymphocyte count %.
Conclusion: interleukin-6 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In addition, it reveals that serum IL6 can be used as a predictor of disease severity in COVID-19 patients, but interleukin-6 174G/C genotype distribution cannot be used as a predictor of disease severity in COVID-19 Egyptian patients.
Covid-19: factors associated with the use and adherence of personal protective equipment in Brazil among residents / Covid-19: fatores associados ao uso e adesão de equipamentos de proteção individual entre residentes no Brasil
Authors: De Assis Camila Cristina Gregório , Dutra Herica Siva , Laurindo Cosme Rezende , Carbogim Fábio da Costa , Lanza Fernanda Moura , Coelho Angélica da Conceição Oliveira 
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao uso e a adesão aos equipamentos de proteção individual pelos profissionais pós-graduandos vinculados a programas de residência em saúde.Método: transversal com 227 residentes.Avaliadas variáveis relaciondas à adesão e uso adequado de equipamentos de proteção individual por meio de instrumento validado “E.P.I.covid-19Brasil-versão adaptada para residentes”.Realizou-se análise bivariada, teste qui-quadrado/exato de Fisher e cálculo da razão de prevalência. Pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos.Resultados: Realizaram atividades de capacitação sobre EPIs (59,9%).Associação entre uso de máscara cirúrgica(p≤0,01) e idade; área de concentração do programa e uso de gorro (p≤0,01) e máscara cirúrgica (p=0,04); realização de atividades de capacitação e uso de máscara cirúrgica (p=0,02) e N95 (p≤0,01). A adesão variou de 0% a 67%.Conclusão: fatores associados ao uso adequado, idade, área de concentração do programa e realização de atividades de capacitação.Houve fragilidades na adesão. Sugere-se o fortalecimento do tema biossegurança na residência.
Iterative learning control and repetitive control in hard disk drive industry—A tutorial
Authors: Chen YangQuan , Moore Kevin L. , Yu Jie , Zhang Tao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a tutorial on iterative learning control (ILC) and repetitive control (RC) techniques in hard disk drive (HDD) industry for compensation of repeatable runouts (RRO). After each tutorial, an application example is given. For ILC, a simple filtering‐free implementation for written‐in RRO compensation is presented. For the RC part, a new application of RC in dual‐stage HDD servo is presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The collagen family members as cell adhesion proteins
Authors: Heino Jyrki 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe collagen family of extracellular matrix proteins has played a fundamental role in the evolution of multicellular animals. At the present, 28 triple helical proteins have been named as collagens and they can be divided into several subgroups based on their structural and functional properties. In tissues, the cells are anchored to collagenous structures. Often the interaction is indirect and mediated by matrix glycoproteins, but cells also express receptors, which have the ability to directly bind to the triple helical domains in collagens. Some receptors bind to sites that are abundant in all collagens. However, increasing evidence indicates that the coevolution of collagens and cell adhesion mechanisms has given rise to receptors that bind to specific motifs in collagens. These receptors may also recognize the different members of the large collagen family in a selective manner. This review summarizes the present knowledge about the properties of collagen subtypes as cell adhesion proteins. BioEssays 29:1001–1010, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is it genomic imprinting or preferential expression?
Authors: Khatib Hasan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractImprinted genes are monoallelically expressed in a parent‐of‐origin‐specific manner, but for many genes reported to be imprinted, the occurrence of preferential expression—where both alleles are expressed but one is expressed more strongly than the other in a parent‐of‐origin‐specific way—has been reported. This preferential expression found in genes described as imprinted has not been thoroughly addressed in genomic imprinting studies. To study this phenomenon, 50 genes, reported to be imprinted in the mouse, were chosen for investigation. Preferential expression was observed for 21 of 27 maternally expressed genes. However, only 5 of 23 paternally expressed genes showed preferential expression. Recently, it has been reported that a remarkable proportion of non‐imprinted genes show differential allelic expression. If there is overlap between non‐imprinted genes that are differentially expressed and imprinted genes that are preferentially expressed, we need to set new definitions of imprinted genes that, in turn, would probably lead to reassessments of the total number of imprinted genes in mammalian species. BioEssays 29:1022–1028, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The management of DNA double‐strand breaks in mitotic G2, and in mammalian meiosis viewed from a mitotic G2 perspective
Authors: Burgoyne Paul S. , Mahadevaiah Shantha K. , Turner James M.A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are extremely hazardous lesions for all DNA‐bearing organisms and the mechanisms of DSB repair are highly conserved. In the eukaryotic mitotic cell cycle, DSBs are often present following DNA replication while, in meiosis, hundreds of DSBs are generated as a prelude to the reshuffling of the maternally and paternally derived genomes. In both cases, the DSBs are repaired by a process called homologous recombinational repair (HRR), which utilises an intact DNA molecule as the repair template. Mitotic and meiotic HRR are managed by ‘checkpoints’ that inhibit cell division until DSB repair is complete. Here we attempt to summarise the substantial recent progress in understanding the checkpoint management of HRR in mitosis (focussing mainly on mammals) and then go on to use this information as a framework for understanding the presumed checkpoint management of HRR in mammalian meiosis. BioEssays 29:974–986, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Breast cancer and metabolic syndrome linked through the plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 cycle
Authors: Beaulieu Lea M. , Whitley Brandi R. , Wiesner Theodore F. , Rehault Sophie M. , Palmieri Diane , Elkahloun Abdel G. , Church Frank C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPlasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) is a physiological inhibitor of urokinase (uPA), a serine protease known to promote cell migration and invasion. Intuitively, increased levels of PAI‐1 should be beneficial in downregulating uPA activity, particularly in cancer. By contrast, in vivo, increased levels of PAI‐1 are associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. This phenomenon is termed the “PAI‐1 paradox”. Many factors are responsible for the upregulation of PAI‐1 in the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesize that there is a breast cancer predisposition to a more aggressive stage when PAI‐1 is upregulated as a consequence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). MetS exerts a detrimental effect on the breast tumor microenvironment that supports cancer invasion. People with MetS have an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and hyperinsulinemia. Recently, MetS has also been identified as a risk factor for breast cancer. We hypothesize the existence of the “PAI‐1 cycle”. Sustained by MetS, adipocytokines alter PAI‐1 expression to promote angiogenesis, tumor‐cell migration and procoagulant microparticle formation from endothelial cells, which generates thrombin and further propagates PAI‐1 synthesis. All of these factors culminate in a chemotherapy‐resistant breast tumor microenvironment. The PAI‐1 cycle may partly explain the PAI‐1 paradox. In this hypothesis paper, we will discuss further how MetS upregulates PAI‐1 and how an increased level of PAI‐1 can be linked to a poor prognosis. BioEssays 29:1029–1038, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intelligence and the developing human brain
Authors: Shaw Philip 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDetermining the brain properties that make people ‘brainier’ has moved well beyond early demonstrations that increasing intelligence correlates with increasing grey and white matter volumes. Both structural and functional in vivo neuroimaging techniques delineate a distributed network of brain regions, perhaps with a focus in the lateral prefrontal cortex, which varies in extent and connectivity with individual differences in intelligence. Longitudinal studies further show that the neuroanatomic correlates of intelligence are dynamic, changing most rapidly in early childhood. Several promising candidate genes affecting neuronal development and neurotransmission have been proposed that might begin to explain the marked genetic overlap between cortical morphology and intelligence. A major future challenge is to determine the cellular events that underpin the neuroanatomic differences correlated with intelligence. BioEssays 29:962–973, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Macroevolution of complex cytoskeletal systems in euglenids
Authors: Leander Brian S. , Esson Heather J. , Breglia Susana A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEuglenids comprise a group of single‐celled eukaryotes with diverse modes of nutrition, including phagotrophy and photosynthesis. The level of morphological diversity present in this group provides an excellent system for demonstrating evolutionary transformations in morphological characters. This diversity also provides compelling evidence for major events in eukaryote evolution, such as the punctuated effects of secondary endosymbiosis and mutations in underlying developmental mechanisms. In this essay, we synthesize evidence for the origin, adaptive significance and diversification of the euglenid cytoskeleton, especially pellicle ultrastructure, pellicle surface patterns, pellicle strip number and the feeding apparatus. We also highlight holes in our knowledge that must be filled before we are able to confidently describe euglenid cell biology and infer the earliest stages in euglenid evolution. Nonetheless, by possessing combinations of characters resulting from adaptive change and morphostasis, euglenids have retained key pieces of evidence necessary for reconstructing the early evolution and diversification of eukaryotic life. BioEssays 29:987–1000, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Notch and NFκB signaling pathways: Do they collaborate in normal vertebrate brain development and function?
Authors: Ang Hwee‐Luan , Tergaonkar Vinay 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBoth Notch and NFκB signaling pathways are well‐known for regulating proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent studies have presented several lines of evidence supporting an integration of the Notch and NFκB signaling pathways in differentiation/maturation of a diverse range of cell types. It is notable that Notch and NFκB signaling pathways share many common features: (i) both are activated by common stimuli such as TNF‐α and hypoxia, (ii) activated Notch (NICD) and NFκB mediate transcription by regulating corepressors such as SMRT/N‐COR, and (iii) both regulate similar target genes such as Hes‐1 and IκBα. This review expands on how the collaboration between these pathways may play an important role in the CNS. We will speculate on the mechanisms by which Notch and NFκB signaling may collaborate to regulate stem cell renewal and differentiation during brain development and function. BioEssays 29:1039–1047, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The anatomy of auxin perception
Authors: Kepinski Stefan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAuxin is a simple molecule but one with a complex and crucial influence on plant development. Accumulation and response to this important plant hormone underlies events as diverse as embryo patterning and growth responses to light and gravity. As such, research on auxin can be traced back to Darwin and has flourished into an immense body of work that has often had implications beyond plant biology. The latest instalment of the auxin story is no different:(1) the solution of the crystal structure of the auxin receptor TIR1 illustrates, in spectacular detail, precisely how auxin is perceived and provides an insight into the working of a new class of receptor, which seems likely to be the first example of a new paradigm in eukaryotic signal transduction. BioEssays 29:953–956, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CREB, neurogenesis and depression
Authors: Gass Peter , Riva Marco A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe transcription factor CREB has been implicated in signalling pathways relevant for pathogenesis and therapy of depression. CREB is upregulated and activated in the hippocampus by chronic antidepressant treatment, similarly as neurogenesis. Surprisingly, a recent study using CREB‐deficient mice also demonstrates an upregulation of neurogenesis correlating with an antidepressant behavioral phenotype.1 Interestingly, CREB‐deficient mice show a rapid behavioral response to antidepressants, while wild‐type mice do not. This minireview tries to reconcile these new findings with established concepts on CREB, neurogenesis and depression. It also outlines some crucial experiments and lines of future research that could clarify some of the pending questions. BioEssays 29:957–961, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A model for predicting non-sentinel lymph node metastatic disease when the sentinel lymph node is positive
Authors: Pal A , Provenzano E , Duffy S W , Pinder S E , Purushotham A D 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
Women with axillary sentinel lymph node (SLN)-positive breast cancer usually undergo completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). However, not all patients with positive SLNs have further axillary nodal disease. Therefore, in the patients with low risk of further disease, completion ALND could be avoided. The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) developed a nomogram to estimate the risk of non-SLN disease. This study critically appraised the nomogram and refined the model to improve predictive accuracy.

Methods
The MSKCC nomogram was applied to 118 patients with a positive axillary SLN biopsy who subsequently had completion ALND. Predictive accuracy was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curve. A further predictive model was developed using more detailed pathological information. Backward stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to develop the predictive model for further axillary lymph node disease. This was then converted to a probability score. After k-fold cross-validation within the data, an inverse variance weighted mean ROC curve and area below the ROC curve was calculated.

Results
The MSKCC nomogram had an area under the ROC curve of 68 per cent. The revised predictive model showed the weighted mean area under the ROC curve to be 84 per cent.

Conclusion
The modified predictive model, which incorporated size of SLN metastasis, improved predictive accuracy, although further testing on an independent data set is desirable.