bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach to selecting Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Harris Jane , Haward Marcus , Jabour Julia , Woehler Eric J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractConservation of the high seas marine environment poses a significant challenge to policy-makers and managers. Marine conservation efforts are often hindered by the lack of data and the difficulties in addressing multiple, and typically conflicting uses. The majority of extant Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are in coastal or tropical regions within national jurisdiction. Conservation of high seas MPAs has emerged on the international agenda as a critical issue requiring the application of novel approaches, international cooperation and political will. Knowledge and understanding of the marine environment and data on marine biodiversity are all typically limited for the high seas, and the use of surrogates to assist in the identification of areas of high conservation value is one possible mechanism to address and potentially overcome these limitations. Drawing upon a database spanning more than 20 years and containing approximately 140 000 records of seabird sightings at sea, this study assesses the potential use of seabirds as surrogates for marine biodiversity in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. At-sea ranges, species diversity and the distributions of endangered species may be appropriate selectors or filters to identify areas with high conservation values. Integrating policy with science provides an appropriate mechanism to identify and prioritise MPAs in the Southern Ocean.
Adaptive evolution of the heat-shock response in the Antarctic psychrophilic ciliate, Euplotes focardii: hints from a comparative determination of the hsp70 gene structure
Authors: La Terza Antonietta , Passini Valerio , Barchetta Sabrina , Luporini Pierangelo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Antarctic psychrophilic ciliate Euplotes focardii manifests a dramatic reduction in the activation of its hsp70 gene in response to a heat-shock, while oxidative and chemical stresses activate the transcription of this gene to appreciable extents. To investigate the genetic causes of this eccentric behaviour of E. focardii in the hsp70 gene transcription activation, we carried out a comparative structural analysis of this gene between E. focardii and another Antarctic Euplotes, E. nobilii, which manifests a psychrotrophic behaviour and an inducible thermal response. No substantial difference was detected in the organization of the hsp70 5' promoter region, both species bearing canonical regulatory cis-acting elements deputed to bind transcriptional trans-activating factors. Adenine-rich elements favouring mRNA degradation were instead detected in the hsp70 3' regulatory region of E. nobilii, but not in that of E. focardii. These observations lend further support to the hypothesis that the causes of the Euplotes focardii unresponsiveness to thermal stress resides in some structural, or functional modifications of transcriptional trans-activating factors.
The Root effect – a structural and evolutionary perspective
Authors: Verde Cinzia , Vergara Alessandro , Giordano Daniela , Mazzarella Lelio , Di Prisco Guido 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHaemoglobin carries oxygen from the environment to tissues; in vertebrates, it is contained in specialized cells, called erythrocytes. Over the last century, the study of the chemical properties of this haemoprotein has provided a wealth of information. One of its most important and ancient physiological features is the Root effect, found in many teleost fish (and some amphibians). The Root effect corresponds to an extreme pH sensitivity and can be described as an exaggerated Bohr effect: it dictates to what extent the oxygen tension can be raised in acid-producing tissues. It is likely that the eye choroid rete represents the most ancient anatomical structure associated with the presence of Root effect haemoglobins. This review describes our overall understanding of the molecular properties, biological occurrence, physiological role and evolutionary origin of Root effect haemoglobins. The current knowledge of the structural properties of Root effect haemoglobins is discussed in the light of recent results obtained on the haemoglobins of the coldadapted notothenioids Trematomus newnesi and T. bernacchii.
Magazines for children and young people and the links to Internet food marketing: a review of the extent and type of food advertising
Authors: Cowburn Gill , Boxer Anna 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the nature of the link between food advertising in UK magazines aimed at children and young people and Internet food marketing, to establish whether consideration should be given to tightening existing controls.DesignA review and descriptive analysis of food advertising found in a sample of the top five magazine titles aimed at a range of ages of children and young people between November 2004 and August 2005 and of the Internet food marketing sites to which readers were directed.ResultsFood advertising appeared as ‘cover-mount’ free gifts and as part of the main bound issue. Children aged 6–10 years were the most frequent recipients of food-based free gifts, all of which were confectionery. No food advertising was found in magazines aimed at pre-school children and it formed a small percentage of total advertising in the magazines aimed at children of school age and above. Most food advertisements were for ‘less healthy’ foods, although advertisements for ‘healthier’ food products did appear infrequently. Almost half of food advertisements directed readers towards Internet food marketing sites. We found evidence that these sites are using at least some of the ‘marketing tricks’ which have been identified as a cause for concern.ConclusionsProposed restrictions on broadcast media may lead to more food advertising via other non-broadcast means. We suggest monitoring the effect of such changes in print and online advertising and that consideration be given to restricting marketing techniques used on websites aimed at children and young people.
Improving the quality of life of geriatric cancer patients with a
structured multidisciplinary intervention: A randomized controlled
trial
Authors: LAPID MARIA I. , RUMMANS,. TERESA A. , BROWN PAUL D. , FROST MARLENE H. , JOHNSON MARY E. , HUSCHKA MASHELE M. , SLOAN JEFF A. , RICHARDSON JARRETT W. , HANSON JEAN M. , CLARK MATTHEW M. 
Published: May 2007

Objective: To examine the potential impact of elderly age on
response to participation in a structured, multidisciplinary
quality-of-life (QOL) intervention for patients with advanced cancer
undergoing radiation therapy.Methods: Study design was a randomized stratified, two group,
controlled clinical trial in the setting of a tertiary care comprehensive
cancer center. Subjects with newly diagnosed cancer and an estimated
5-year survival rate of 0%–50% who required radiation therapy were
recruited and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a
standard care group. The intervention consisted of eight 90-min sessions
designed to address the five QOL domains of cognitive, physical,
emotional, spiritual, and social functioning. QOL was measured using
Spitzer uniscale and linear analogue self-assessment (LASA) at baseline
and weeks 4, 8, and 27.Results: Of the 103 study participants, 33 were geriatric (65
years or older), of which 16 (mean age 72.4 years) received the
intervention and 17 (mean age 71.4 years) were assigned to the standard
medical care. The geriatric participants who completed the intervention
had higher QOL scores at baseline, at week 4 and at week 8, compared to
the control participants.Significance of results: Our results demonstrate that
geriatric patients with advanced cancer undergoing radiation therapy will
benefit from participation in a structured multidisciplinary QOL
intervention. Therefore, geriatric individuals should not be excluded from
participating in a cancer QOL intervention, and, in fact, elderly age may
be an indicator of strong response to a QOL intervention. Future research
should further explore this finding.
An exploration of the utility of hypnosis in pain management among rural pain patients
Authors: THORNBERRY THOMAS , SCHAEFFER JENNIFER , WRIGHT PETER D. , HALEY MINDI C. , KIRSH KENNETH L. 
Published: May 2007

Objective:Hypnosis is an adjunctive, noninvasive treatment with few side effects that can be useful in the management of chronic pain. However, it has fallen into disfavor in recent years and is often perceived by physicians as simple charlatanism. We evaluated the efficacy of this treatment as used clinically in a large, mostly rural, pain management center.Methods:We conducted a chart review of 300 pain patients from the Pain Treatment Center of the Bluegrass who had undergone hypnosis for their pain concerns. A chart audit tool was developed consisting of basic demographics, pre- and posthypnosis pain ratings, a rating of relaxation achieved posthypnosis, and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, Perceived Disability Scale, and the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale.Results:The sample consisted of 79 men (26.3%) and 221 women (73.7%) with a mean age of 46.3 years (SD= 9.9, range = 19–78). Pain levels recorded pre- and posthypnosis revealed significant improvement as a result of the intervention (mean difference = 2.5,t(1,298) = 25.9,p< .001). Patients reported an average of 49.8% improvement in relaxation level posthypnosis (SD= 24.2%) and had a mean score of 19.0 on the Beck Depression Inventory (SD= 9.9), indicating moderate levels of depression. Also, patients saw themselves as severely disabled regarding their ability to engage in physical (8.3/10) or job-related (7.7/10) activities. Attempts to identify predictors of hypnosis success were not fruitful with one exception. “Poor” responders to hypnosis reported greater levels of perceived dysfunction in their sexual functioning compared to the “good” responders,F(1,187) = 7.2,p< .01.Significance of results:Hypnosis appears to be a viable adjunct for pain management patients, including those from rural and relatively disadvantaged backgrounds. Prospective trials are needed to examine the utility of this modality in end-of-life and palliative care patients.
The loneliness experience of the dying and of those who care for
them
Authors: ROKACH AMI , MATALON RAAN , SAFAROV ARTEM , BERCOVITCH MICHAELA 
Published: May 2007

Objective: The study compared the qualitative aspects of the
loneliness experience of the dying, their caregivers, and the general
population.Method: The patients were recruited in an oncological hospice
in Israel, and, despite being on their deathbed, agreed to participate in
the study. Thirty-seven cancer-stricken patients, 78 caregivers, and 128
participants from the general population volunteered to partake in the
study. They answered, anonymously, a 30-item questionnaire and were asked
to endorse those items that described their experience of loneliness.Results: Results suggested that the three populations did,
indeed, differ in their experience of loneliness. More specifically, dying
patients and their caregivers had significantly higher subscale scores on
the Growth and Discovery and the Self-alienation subscales than the
general population did. It was also found that the number of
hospitalization days was significantly negatively correlated to the
Emotional Distress and Self-alienation subscales.Significance of results: The present results indicate that
loneliness is experienced differently in or out of the hospice and by the
dying patient, his or her caregiver, and the general population. This may
be the first study to examine the qualitative aspects of the loneliness
experienced by the dying and by their caregivers. More research is needed
to replicate the present study, using larger samples.
A review of methylnaltrexone, a peripheral opioid receptor
antagonist, and its role in opioid-induced constipation
Authors: SHAIOVA LAUREN , RIM FAYE , FRIEDMAN DEBORAH , JAHDI MARYAM 
Published: May 2007

Objectives: Opioid medications are frequently used in pain
and palliative care patients with malignancy to manage symptoms such as
pain and dyspnea. However, opiates are associated with various side
effects. Constipation is a particularly problematic and common side effect
of opioid pharmacology. Opioid antagonists have been studied in the
management of opioid-induced constipation. Methylnaltrexone (MNTX) is a
peripheral opioid antagonist currently under clinical investigation. It
offers the potential to reverse undesirable side effects without reversing
analgesia.Methods: This article attempts to review existing clinical
data, focusing on antagonism of opioid-induced adverse effects on the
gastrointestinal system.Results: MNTX seems to be well tolerated with limited or
transient side effects. MNTX has been shown to improve oral-cecal transit
times in opioid treated patients, induce laxation in chronic opioid users,
and neither reverses the analgesic effects of morphine nor cause
withdrawal symptoms.Significance of results: Larger clinical trials of MNTX are
still necessary to support its use as a standard for treatment of
opioid-induced constipation.
A “deformation estimate" for the Toeplitz operators on harmonic Bergman spaces
Authors: Liu Congwen 
Published: May 2007

Let

B
B

denote the open unit ball in

R

n

\mathbb R^n

for

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

and

d
x

dx

the Lebesgue volume measure on

R

n

\mathbb R^n

. For

α
>
−
1

\alpha >-1

, the (weighted) harmonic Bergman space

b

2
,
α

(
B
)

b^{2,\alpha }(B)

is the space of all harmonic functions

u
u

which are in

L
2

(
B
,
(
1
−

|

x

|

2

)

α

d
x
)

L^2(B,(1-|x|^2)^{\alpha }dx)

. For

f
∈

L

∞

(
B
)

f\in L^{\infty }(B)

, the Toeplitz operator

T
f

(
α
)

T_f^{(\alpha )}

is defined on

b

2
,
α

(
B
)

b^{2,\alpha }(B)

by

T
f

(
α
)

u
=

Q

α

[
f
u
]

T_f^{(\alpha )}u = Q_{\alpha }[fu]

, where

Q

α

Q_{\alpha }

is the orthogonal projection of

L
2

(
B
,
(
1
−

|

x

|

2

)

α

d
x
)

L^2(B,(1-|x|^2)^{\alpha }dx)

onto

b

2
,
α

(
B
)

b^{2,\alpha }(B)

. In this note, we prove that for

f
∈
C
(
B
)
∩

L

∞

(
B
)

f\in C(B)\cap L^{\infty }(B)

radial,

lim

α
→
∞

‖

T
f

(
α
)

‖
=
‖
f

‖

∞

\lim _{\alpha \to \infty } \|T_f^{(\alpha )}\|=\|f\|_{\infty }

.
On a nonhomogeneous quasilinear eigenvalue problem in Sobolev spaces with variable exponent
Authors: Mihăilescu Mihai , Rădulescu Vicenţiu 
Published: May 2007

We consider the nonlinear eigenvalue problem
\[

−

div

(

|

∇
u

|

p
(
x
)
−
2

∇
u
)

=
λ

|

u

|

q
(
x
)
−
2

u

-\textrm {div}\left (|\nabla u|^{p(x)-2}\nabla u\right )=\lambda |u|^{q(x)-2}u

\]
in

Ω
\Omega

,

u
=
0

u=0

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

, where

Ω
\Omega

is a bounded open set in

R

N

\mathbb R^N

with smooth boundary and

p
p

,

q
q

are continuous functions on

Ω
¯

\overline \Omega

such that

1
>

inf
Ω

q
>

inf
Ω

p
>

sup
Ω

q

1>\inf _\Omega q> \inf _\Omega p>\sup _\Omega q

,

sup
Ω

p
>
N

\sup _\Omega p>N

, and

q
(
x
)
>
N
p
(
x
)

/

(
N
−
p
(
x
)
)

q(x)>Np(x)/\left (N-p(x)\right )

for all

x
∈

Ω
¯

x\in \overline \Omega

. The main result of this paper establishes that any

λ
>
0

\lambda >0

sufficiently small is an eigenvalue of the above nonhomogeneous quasilinear problem. The proof relies on simple variational arguments based on Ekeland’s variational principle.
Order-weakly compact operators from vector-valued function spaces to Banach spaces
Authors: Nowak Marian 
Published: May 2007

Let 𝐸

be an ideal of 𝐿⁰

over a 𝜎

-finite measure space (Ω,Σ,𝜇)

, and let 𝐸^{∼}

stand for the order dual of 𝐸

. For a real Banach space (𝑋,|⋅|_{_{𝑋}})

let 𝐸(𝑋)

be a subspace of the space 𝐿⁰(𝑋)

of 𝜇

-equivalence classes of strongly Σ

-measurable functions 𝑓:Ω⟶𝑋

and consisting of all those 𝑓∈𝐿⁰(𝑋)

for which the scalar function |𝑓(⋅)|_{_{𝑋}}

belongs to 𝐸

. For a real Banach space (𝑌,|⋅|_{_{𝑌}})

a linear operator 𝑇:𝐸(𝑋)⟶𝑌

is said to be order-weakly compact whenever for each 𝑢∈𝐸⁺

the set

T
(
{
f
∈
E
(
X
)
:

‖
f
(
⋅
)

‖

X

≤
u
}
)

\,T(\{f\in E(X):\; \|f(\cdot )\|_{_X}\le u\})\,

is relatively weakly compact in 𝑌

. In this paper we examine order-weakly compact operators 𝑇:𝐸(𝑋)⟶𝑌

. We give a characterization of an order-weakly compact operator 𝑇

in terms of the continuity of the conjugate operator of 𝑇

with respect to some weak topologies. It is shown that if (𝐸,|⋅|_{_{𝐸}})

is an order continuous Banach function space, 𝑋

is a Banach space containing no isomorphic copy of 𝑙¹

and 𝑌

is a weakly sequentially complete Banach space, then every continuous linear operator 𝑇:𝐸(𝑋)⟶𝑌

is order-weakly compact. Moreover, it is proved that if (𝐸,|⋅|_{_{𝐸}})

is a Banach function space, then for every Banach space 𝑌

any continuous linear operator 𝑇:𝐸(𝑋)⟶𝑌

is order-weakly compact iff the norm |⋅|_{_{𝐸}}

is order continuous and 𝑋

is reflexive. In particular, for every Banach space 𝑌

any continuous linear operator 𝑇:𝐿¹(𝑋)⟶𝑌

is order-weakly compact iff 𝑋

is reflexive.
A strengthening of the Carleman-Hardy-Pólya inequality
Authors: Holland Finbarr 
Published: May 2007

As a consequence of a more general statement proved in the paper, it is deduced that, if

n
≥
1

n\ge 1

, and

a
j

>
0
,

j
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
n

a_j>0,\,j=1,2,\dotsc ,n

, then
\[

(

∑

j
=
1

n

a
1

a
2

⋯

a
j

j

∑

j
=
1

n

a
j

)

1

/

n

+

a
1

a
2

⋯

a
n

n

∑

j
=
1

n

a
1

a
2

⋯

a
j

j

≤

n
+
1

n

,

\left (\frac {\sum _{j=1}^n \root j\of {a_1a_2\dotsm a_j}}{\sum _{j=1}^n a_j}\right )^{1/n}+\frac {\root n\of {a_1a_2\dotsm a_n}}{\sum _{j=1}^n \root j\of {a_1a_2\dotsm a_j}}\le \frac {n+1}n,

\]
with equality if and only if

a
1

=

a
2

=
⋯
=

a
n

a_1=a_2=\dotsb =a_n

. This is a new refinement of Carleman’s classic inequality.
Unprovability of sharp versions of Friedman’s sine-principle
Authors: Bovykin Andrey 
Published: May 2007

For every

n
≥
1

n\geq 1

and every function

F
F

of one argument, we introduce the statement

S
P

F
n

\mathrm {SP}_F^n

: “for all

m
m

, there is

N
N

such that for any set

A
=
{

a
1

,

a
2

,
…
,

a
N

}

A=\{a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_N\}

of rational numbers, there is

H
⊆
A

H\subseteq A

of size

m
m

such that for any two

n
n

-element subsets

a

i
1

>

a

i
2

>
⋯
>

a

i
n

a_{i_1}> a_{i_2}>\cdots > a_{i_n}

and

a

i
1

>

a

k
2

>
⋯
>

a

k
n

a_{i_1}> a_{k_2}> \cdots > a_{k_n}

in

H
H

, we have
\[

|

sin
⁡
(

a

i
1

⋅

a

i
2

⋯

a

i
n

)
−
sin
⁡
(

a

i
1

⋅

a

k
2

⋯

a

k
n

)

|

>
F
(

i
1

)
"
.

|\sin (a_{i_1}\cdot a_{i_2} \cdots a_{i_n}) - \sin (a_{i_1}\cdot a_{k_2} \cdots a_{k_n} )|> F(i_1)".

\]
We prove that for

n
≥
2

n\geq 2

and any function

F
(
x
)

F(x)

eventually dominated by

(

2
3

)

log

(
n
−
1
)

⁡
(
x
)

({2 \over 3})^{\log ^{(n-1)}(x)}

, the principle

S
P

F

n
+
1

\mathrm {SP}_F^{n+1}

is not provable in

I

Σ
n

I\Sigma _n

. In particular, the statement

∀
n

S
P

(

2
3

)

log

(
n
−
1
)

n

\forall n \mathrm {SP}_{({2 \over 3})^{\log ^{(n-1)}}}^n

is not provable in Peano Arithmetic. In dimension 2, the result is:

I

Σ
1

I\Sigma _1

does not prove

S
P

F
2

\mathrm {SP}^2_F

, where

F
(
x
)
=
(

2
3

)

x

A

−
1

(
x
)

F(x)=({2 \over 3})^{\sqrt [A^{-1}(x)]{x}}

and

A

−
1

A^{-1}

is the inverse of the Ackermann function.
Predicting functionally important residues from sequence conservation
Authors: Capra John A. , Singh Mona 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMotivation: All residues in a protein are not equally important. Some are essential for the proper structure and function of the protein, whereas others can be readily replaced. Conservation analysis is one of the most widely used methods for predicting these functionally important residues in protein sequences.Results: We introduce an information-theoretic approach for estimating sequence conservation based on Jensen–Shannon divergence. We also develop a general heuristic that considers the estimated conservation of sequentially neighboring sites. In large-scale testing, we demonstrate that our combined approach outperforms previous conservation-based measures in identifying functionally important residues; in particular, it is significantly better than the commonly used Shannon entropy measure. We find that considering conservation at sequential neighbors improves the performance of all methods tested. Our analysis also reveals that many existing methods that attempt to incorporate the relationships between amino acids do not lead to better identification of functionally important sites. Finally, we find that while conservation is highly predictive in identifying catalytic sites and residues near bound ligands, it is much less effective in identifying residues in protein–protein interfaces.Availability: Data sets and code for all conservation measures evaluated are available at http://compbio.cs.princeton.edu/conservation/Contact: mona@cs.princeton.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Stroboscopy Versus High‐Speed Glottography: A Comparative Study
Authors: Olthoff Arno , Woywod Christina , Kruse Eberhard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate and to compare the diagnostic value of videostroboscopy (VS) and high‐speed glottography (HGG) in dysphonic patients.Study Design: Randomized, prospective study.Methods: A total of 162 patients underwent indirect laryngoscopy using both methods (VS and HGG). The resulting 324 films were evaluated by two professionals (laryngologists, MDs) using a standardized protocol containing established criteria to classify vocal fold vibratory movement qualities.Results: The rating “not assessable” was mentioned significantly more often in VS than in HGG (P < .001). In HGG, methodologic failures were less frequent, and the length of investigation was shorter. Even if the agreement between the two raters was higher in HGG (54%) compared with VS (42%), both percentage values show a low accordance in diagnostic findings.Conclusions: Regardless of the method used (VS or HGG), perceptive evaluations of vibratory movements of vocal folds revealed a higher variability than assumed. This result supports the need for objective methods to analyze vocal fold vibratory movements. Therefore, real‐time imaging of vocal fold vibratory movements using HGG will be necessary.