bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of environmental risk factors for leptospirosis in dogs: 36 cases (1997–2002)
Authors: Ward Michael P. , Guptill Lynn F. , Wu Ching Ching 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify environmental risk factors for leptospirosis.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—36 dogs with leptospirosis and 138 dogs seronegative for leptospirosis as determined by microscopic agglutination test for antibodies againstLeptospiraspp.Procedure—Medical records of dogs evaluated for leptospirosis from 1997 though 2002 were identified. Owner address was used to geocode locations of dogs, and location-specific environmental risk factor data were obtained by use of a geographic information system. Risk of leptospirosis was estimated by odds ratios, controlling for potential confounding by dog age, sex, and breed.Results—Leptospirosis in 19 of the 30 dogs in which an infectingLeptospiraserovar could be identified was associated withLeptospira kirschneriserovar grippotyphosa infection. Dogs in which a diagnosis of leptospirosis was made, and dogs with leptospirosis caused byL kirschneriserovar grippotyphosa, were more likely to have addresses located in areas classified as rural in 1990 but urban in 2000. By use of information on recent urbanization and a logistic regression model, the status of 81.6% and 89.8% of dogs with leptospirosis and leptospirosis caused by serovar grippotyphosa, respectively, were correctly classified. Other environmental variables (proximity to streams, recreational areas, farmland, wetlands, areas subject to flooding, and areas with poor drainage; annual rainfall; and county cattle or pig population) did not significantly improve accuracy of classification.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dogs in periurban areas are at greater risk of leptospirosis. Vaccination of dogs in these areas to protect against leptospirosis should be considered. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:72–77)
Investigation of an outbreak of encephalomyelitis caused by West Nile virus in 136 horses
Authors: Ward Michael P. , Levy Michel , Thacker H. Leon , Ash Marianne , Norman Sandra K. L. , Moore George E. , Webb Paul W. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To describe an outbreak of encephalomyelitis
caused by West Nile virus (WNV) in horses in
northern Indiana.

Design—Case series.

Animals—170 horses.

Procedure—Horses with clinical signs suggestive of
encephalomyelitis caused by WNV were examined.
Date, age, sex, breed, and survival status were recorded.
Serum samples were tested for anti-WNV antibodies,
and virus isolation was attempted from samples of
brain tissue. Climate data from local weather recording
stations were collected. An epidemic curve was constructed,
and case fatality rate was calculated.

Results—The most common clinical signs were ataxia,
hind limb paresis, and muscle tremors and fasciculations.
Eight horses had been vaccinated against WNV from 2 to
21 days prior to the appearance of clinical signs. West
Nile virus was isolated from brain tissue of 2 nonvaccinated
horses, and anti-WNV IgM antibodies were detected
in 132 nonvaccinated horses; in 2 other nonvaccinated
horses, anti-WNV antibodies were detected and WNV
was also isolated from brain tissue. Thirty-one (22.8%)
horses died or were euthanatized. The peak of the outbreak
occurred on September 6, 2002. Ambient temperatures
were significantly lower after the peak of the outbreak,
compared with prior to the peak.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The peak risk
period for encephalomyelitis caused by WNV in northern
Indiana was mid-August to mid-September. Reduction in
cases coincided with decreasing ambient temperatures.
Because of a substantial case fatality rate, owners of
horses in northern Indiana should have their horses fully
protected by vaccination against WNV before June. In
other regions of the United States with a defined mosquito
breeding season, vaccination of previously nonvaccinated
horses should commence at least 4 months
before the anticipated peak in seasonal mosquito numbers,
and for previously vaccinated horses, vaccine
should be administered no later than 2 months before
this time. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:84–89)
Association between race history and risk of superficial digital flexor tendon injury in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Takahashi Toshiyuki , Kasashima Yoshinori , Ueno Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether race history, including the number of races and total race distance, was associated with risk of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injury in Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan.Design—Matched case-control study.Animals—515 Thoroughbred racehorses (case horses) that sustained an SDFT injury during training or racing in Japan during 2002 and 951 horses (control horses) without SDFT injury that were matched with case horses on the basis of age and month of the latest race.Procedure—Variables related to race history were compared between case and control horses by means of conditional logistic regression.Results—The odds of SDFT injury increased as mean race distance and mean body weight at race time increased. Compared with females that had never competed in steeplechase races, males regardless of steeplechase race history and females that had competed in steeplechase races had higher odds of SDFT injury.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that longer mean distance per race, heavier mean body weight at race time, steeplechase experience, and sex (male) increased the risk of SDFT injury in Thoroughbred racehorses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:90–93)
Evaluation of diphenhydramine as a sedative for dogs
Authors: Hofmeister Erik H. , Egger Christine M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine and compare levels of sedation achieved by IM administration of diphenhydramine, saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, and acepromazine in dogs.Design—Prospective randomized study.Animals—56 dogs.Procedure—Dogs were randomly assigned to receive diphenhydramine at 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg (0.9, 1.8, or 3.6 mg/lb, respectively) IM; acepromazine at 0.1 mg/kg (0.05 mg/lb) IM; or saline solution at 0.05 mL/kg (0.02 mL/lb) IM. Sedation was assessed by use of a 6-category descriptive system based on observation and interaction.Results—Dogs in the acepromazine group had significantly higher sedation scores than did dogs in the saline solution or diphenhydramine groups at 30 minutes. Dogs in the diphenhydramine groups did not have significantly different sedation scores from dogs in the saline solution group at any time point.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Diphenhydramine did not cause clinically appreciable sedation in healthy dogs. Diphenhydramine is not suitable as a sole sedative prior to general anesthesia in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1092–1094)
Clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic abnormalities in Boxers with cardiomyopathy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: 48 cases (1985–2003)
Authors: Baumwart Ryan D. , Meurs Kathryn M. , Atkins Clarke E. , Bonagura John D. , DeFrancesco Teresa C. , Keene Bruce W. , Koplitz Shianne , Fuentes Virginia Luis , Miller Matthew W. , Rausch William , Spier Alan W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic abnormalities in Boxers with cardiomyopathy and echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—48 mature Boxers.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for information on age; sex; physical examination findings; and results of electrocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, and echocardiography.Results—Mean age of the dogs was 6 years (range, 1 to 11 years). Twenty (42%) dogs had a systolic murmur, and 9 (19%) had ascites. Congestive heart failure was diagnosed in 24 (50%) dogs. Seventeen (35%) dogs had a history of syncope. Mean fractional shortening was 14.4% (range, 1% to 23%). Mean left ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters were 4.5 cm (range, 3 to 6.3 cm) and 5.3 cm (range, 3.9 to 7.4 cm), respectively. Twenty-eight (58%) dogs had a sinus rhythm with ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), and 20 had supraventricular arrhythmias (15 with atrial fibrillation and 5 with sinus rhythm and atrial premature complexes). Sixteen of the dogs with supraventricular arrhythmias also had occasional VPCs. Morphology of the VPCs seen on lead II ECGs was consistent with left bundle branch block in 25 dogs, right bundle branch block in 8, and both in 11.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that Boxers with cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dysfunction frequently have arrhythmias of supraventricular or ventricular origin. Whether ventricular dysfunction was preceded by electrical disturbances could not be determined from these data, and the natural history of myocardial disease in Boxers requires further study. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1102–1104)
Evaluation of factors that affect embryonic loss in dairy cattle
Authors: Moore Dale A. , Overton Michael W. , Chebel Ricardo C. , Truscott Marla L. , BonDurant Robert H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify potential risk factors for embryonic loss before 35 to 42 days of gestation in dairy cattle.Design—Prospective observational study.Animals—381 cows.Procedure—Body condition score was determined at the time of artificial insemination (AI; day 0) and on days 20, 23, and 27 and between days 35 and 41; serum progesterone concentration was measured on days 0; 20 or 21; and 23, 24, or 25. Cows were excluded from analyses if day 0 serum progesterone concentration was ≥ 1.0 ng/mL and classified as pregnant on day 23 if serum progesterone was > 1.5 ng/mL on day 20 or 21 and day 23, 24, or 25. Cows were examined via transrectal ultrasonography on day 27 or 28 and rectally palpated for pregnancy on days 35 to 41.Results—39% of cows that were pregnant on day 23 lost their embryo by day 27, and 18% of cows that were pregnant on day 27 or 28 were not pregnant on days 35 to 41. Breeding a pregnant cow posed the greatest risk for embryonic loss at both time periods. Mean serum progesterone concentrations on day 21 or 22 and day 23, 24, or 25 were lowest for cows that lost an embryo between days 24 and 28. Cows with a linear somatic cell count score > 4.5 before AI were twice as likely to lose the embryo by 35 to 41 days, compared with cows with a score < 4.5.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that embryonic loss could be reduced by more accurate estrus detection, reducing mastitis, and strategies to improve progesterone concentration after breeding. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1112–1118)
Milk flow and udder health in cows after treatment of covered teat injuries via theloresectoscopy: 52 cases (2000–2002)
Authors: Bleul Ulrich T. , Schwantag Silvia C. , Bachofner Christine , Hässig Michael R. , Kähn Wolfgang K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine milk flow, somatic cell counts (SCCs), and the incidence of clinical mastitis in cows that had undergone theloresectoscopy for treatment of teat stenosis caused by mucosal detachment in the region of the streak canal or Fürstenberg's rosette.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—52 cows with teat stenosis that were treated via theloresectoscopy.Procedure—Medical records of eligible cows were reviewed. Additional data regarding milking ease, SCC, development of clinical mastitis of the affected gland, and whether the cow remained in the herd were collected via owner-completed questionnaires.Results—49 of 52 questionnaires were completed. At referral, teat sinusitis was diagnosed in 29 of 52 cows. Milk flow was normal in 38 of 41 treated teats at discharge and in 24 of 40 during the next lactation. Thirteen of 49 cows were culled during the next lactation because of abnormal udder health. High SCC and teat sinusitis at referral and development of clinical mastitis during the 10-day period after surgery resulted in high SCCs in the remainder of the current lactation. The incidence of clinical mastitis during the remainder of the current and during the next lactation was higher in cows that had teat sinusitis at the time of surgery, compared with those that did not.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Teat stenoses resulting from mucosal lesions in the region of the streak canal or Fürstenberg's rosette may be successfully treated via theloresectoscopy. Inflammation of the teat sinus and gland at the time of surgery may adversely affect udder health. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1119–1123)
Serologic survey of cats and dogs during an epidemic of West Nile virus infection in humans
Authors: Kile James C. , Panella Nicholas A. , Komar Nicholas , Chow Catherine C. , MacNeil Adam , Robbins Brent , Bunning Michel L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To estimate West Nile virus (WNV) infection
rates, assess environmental variables that correlated
with seropositivity in dogs and cats, and assess whether
pets should be considered as possible sentinels for
WNV and therefore of potential human exposure.

Design—Cross-sectional serosurvey.

Animals—442 dogs and 138 cats.

Procedure—Serum samples were screened for
seropositivity against WNV by use of the plaque
reduction neutralization test.

Results—116 (26%) dogs and 13 (9%) cats yielded positive
results. The odds of seropositivity against WNV for
outdoor-only family dogs were almost 19 times as great
as those for indoor-only family dogs and almost twice as
great for stray dogs as for family dogs. Family dogs not
receiving heartworm medication were 2.5 times as likely
to yield positive results for antibodies against WNV as
family dogs receiving heartworm medication.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Seropositivity
was greater for outdoor family dogs than for indoor
family dogs. Further investigation of the potential use
of stray dogs as sentinel indicators for WNV infection
and the potential risk of human exposure is warranted.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:1349–1353).
Validity of a health-related quality-of-life scale for dogs with signs of pain secondary to cancer
Authors: Yazbek Karina V. B. , Fantoni Denise T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop and validate a health-related quality-of-life scale for dogs with pain secondary to cancer.Design—Questionnaire development.Animals—40 healthy dogs with no history or signs of pain, 20 dogs with dermatologic disease but no signs of pain other than mild pruritus, and 20 dogs with cancer.Procedure—Owners of all dogs completed a questionnaire containing 12 questions with 4 options for each question, and a quality-of-life score ranging from 0 to 36 was calculated. Scores for dogs with cancer were compared with scores for healthy dogs and dogs with dermatologic disease.Results—All owners indicated that the questionnaire was easy to complete. Scores for healthy dogs were significantly different from scores for dogs with cancer and scores for dogs with dermatologic disease. Scores for dogs with dermatologic disease were significantly different from scores for dogs with cancer.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that a simple questionnaire may be useful in assessing health-related quality of life in dogs with pain secondary to cancer, in that dogs with cancer had significantly lower scores than did healthy dogs and dogs with dermatologic disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1354–1358)
Incidence and prognostic importance of lymph node metastases in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma: 228 cases (1986–2003)
Authors: Hillers Kim R. , Dernell William S. , Lafferty Mary H. , Withrow Stephen J. , Lana Susan E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the incidence of regional lymph node metastasis in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma and determine whether regional lymph node metastasis was associated with shortened disease-free interval or survival time.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—228 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma in which regional lymph nodes were examined histologically at the time of limb amputation.Procedure—Information collected from the medical records included signalment; affected site; initial serum alkaline phosphatase activity; whether treatment involved adjuvant chemotherapy and, if so, chemotherapeutic agents administered and number of treatments; disease-free interval; and survival time.Results—10 (4.4%) dogs had histologic evidence of regional lymph node metastasis at the time of amputation. Median disease-free interval for dogs without regional lymph node metastasis (238 days; range, 0 to 1,067 days) was significantly longer than median disease-free interval for dogs with regional lymph node metastasis (48 days; range, 2 to 269 days). Median survival time for dogs without lymph node metastasis (318 days; range, 20 to 1,711 days) was significantly longer than median survival time for dogs with lymph node metastasis (59 days; range, 19 to 365 days).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that regional lymph node metastasis is rare in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma but that dogs with lymph node metastasis have a poorer prognosis than do dogs without. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1364–1367)
Effects of using retention-pond water for dust abatement on performance of feedlot steers and carriage of Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella spp
Authors: Loneragan Guy H. , Brashears Mindy M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effects of using retentionpond
water for dust abatement on performance of
feedlot steers and carriage of Escherichia coli O157
and Salmonella spp.

Design—Matched cohort studies.

Animals—2 groups of feedlot steers comprising
3,510 (pathogen carriage) and 3,737 (performance)
animals housed in a large commercial feedlot in the
Texas Panhandle.

Procedure—Steers were systematically allocated to
treatment pens approximately 60 days after arrival
(pathogen carriage) or at arrival (performance). For
evaluation of pathogen carriage, feces and hide swab
specimens were collected from 25 animals in each
pen within 10 days of slaughter. Samples were submitted
for bacterial culture for E coli O157 and were
tested with a polymerase chain reaction-based assay
for Salmonella spp. For evaluation of performance,
pen weights of animals were obtained at arrival and
slaughter and feed delivered to each pen was recorded.
The exposure of interest for both studies was
application of retention-pond water through fixed
high-pressure sprinklers.

Results—Carriage of E coli O157 and Salmonella spp
and animal performance were not adversely affected
by exposure to retention-pond water. Prevalences of
E coli O157 in feces, on hides, and either in feces or
on hides for those exposed to retention-pond water
were 8.3%, 8.9%, and 15.4%, respectively; prevalences
for those unexposed to retention-pond water
were 11.4%, 15.4%, and 22.6%, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that use of retention-pond water for dust abatement in
feedlot pens does not adversely affect pathogen carriage
or animal performance. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:
1378–1383)
Accuracy of polymerase chain reaction assays for diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats
Authors: Crawford P. Cynda , Slater Margaret R. , Levy Julie K. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the sensitivity, specificity,
and overall diagnostic accuracy of polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) assays offered by commercial diagnostic
laboratories for diagnosis of FIV infection in
cats.

Design—Prospective clinical trial.

Animals—124 cats.

Procedure—Blood was collected from cats that were
neither infected with nor vaccinated against FIV, uninfected
cats that were vaccinated with a licensed FIV
vaccine, and cats experimentally and naturally infected
with FIV representing subtypes A, B, and C. Coded
blood samples were submitted to 3 laboratories in the
United States and Canada offering PCR assays for
diagnosis of FIV infection to veterinary practitioners.
All laboratories tested fresh blood samples, and 1 laboratory
also tested samples submitted as dried blood
smears. The FIV infection status in all cats was confirmed
by virus isolation. Sensitivity, specificity, and
correct results were calculated for each PCR assay.

Results—Sensitivity ranged from 41% to 93%.
Specificity ranged from 81% to 100% in unvaccinated
cats and 44% to 95% in cats vaccinated against FIV.
Correct results were obtained in 58% to 90% of 124
cats tested. All tests misidentified both uninfected
and infected cats. False-positive results by all laboratories
were higher in cats vaccinated against FIV than
in unvaccinated cats, suggesting that vaccination
interferes with the performance or interpretation of
PCR assays used for diagnosis of FIV infection.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—PCR assays
used for diagnosis of FIV infection presently marketed
to veterinary practitioners in North America vary significantly
in diagnostic accuracy and did not resolve the
diagnostic dilemma resulting from vaccination of cats
against FIV. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:1503–1507)
Results of a national survey of US veterinary college faculty regarding attitudes toward farm animal welfare
Authors: Heleski Camie R. , Mertig Angela G. , Zanella Adroaldo J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To examine attitudes toward farm animal welfare among veterinary college faculty.Design—E-mail survey.Study Population—157 US veterinary college faculty with large animal or food animal emphasis.Procedure—Veterinarians from 27 US veterinary colleges were contacted via e-mail and asked to complete a 7-page survey relating to farm animal welfare issues. Thirty-one percent of those contacted responded.Results—71% of respondents self-characterized their attitude toward farm animal welfare as "we can use animals for the greater human good but have an obligation to provide for the majority of the animals' physiologic and behavioral needs." An additional 19% of respondents were more concerned about animal welfare than was indicated by that statement, and 10% were less concerned about farm animal welfare than was indicated by that statement. Significant relationships among demographic variables and attitude scores were observed, including more concerned attitudes among females, those with more liberal political views, and those who cited lower religiosity. No relationship between attitude and age was observed.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Veterinary college faculty have the opportunity to impact many stakeholders within the animal agriculture industries (eg, future veterinarians and policy makers looking for a veterinary science perspective). Results indicated that a considerable level of concern toward farm animal welfare is present in this population. Although the process of change may not be rapid, it is likely that the influence of these respondents will factor heavily into enhancing farm animal welfare. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1538–1546)