bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Interactions in Phosphane‐Functionalized Group 4 Cycloheptatrienyl–Cyclopentadienyl Sandwich Complexes
Authors: Büschel Susanne , Jungton Ann‐Katrin , Bannenberg Thomas , Randoll Sören , Hrib Cristian G. , Jones Peter G. , Tamm Matthias 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTwice as reactive: The coordination chemistry of phosphane‐functionalized Zr and Hf cycloheptatrienyl–cyclopentadienyl complexes gives rise to unusual secondary interactions associated with the presence of Lewis acidic 16‐electron sandwich moieties. These structures can develop weak dative bonds as exemplified by the noncovalent Pd→Zr interaction in the heterobimetallic {Zr2Pd} complex (see picture).magnified imagePhosphane‐functionalized cycloheptatrienyl–cyclopentadienyl Group 4 metal complexes of the type [(η7‐C7H7)M(η5‐C5H4PR2)] (M=Ti (9); M=Zr (10); M=Hf (11); R=Ph (a); R=iPr (b)) have been prepared by the reduction of [(η5‐C5H4PR2)TiCl3] or [(η5‐C5H4PR2)2MCl2] (M=Zr, Hf) with magnesium in the presence of cycloheptatriene (C7H8). In the solid state, the Ti complex 9 a and the complex 11 b are monomeric, whereas 10 a, 10 b, and 11 a form dimers, in which the sandwich units are linked by long ZrP or HfP bonds. Density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the metal–phosphane interaction is weak, and accordingly, both the Ti complex 9 b and the Zr complex 10 b act as monodentate phosphane ligands upon reaction with [{(cod)RhCl}2] (cod=η4‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene). The X‐ray crystal structures of [(cod)Rh(9 b)Cl] (12) and [(cod)Rh(10 b)Cl] (13) reveal that only the latter exhibits a secondary intramolecular Cl–metal interaction. The complex [(10 b)2Pd] (14) was obtained by reaction of [(η5‐C5H5)Pd(η3‐C3H5)] with two equivalents of 10 b. The solid‐state structure of 14 reveals a T‐shaped Pd0 center with a long PdZr bond of 2.9709(3) Å, which can be interpreted as a weak noncovalent Pd0→Zr+IV bond, as indicated by the calculated relaxed force constant of 5.68 N m−1.
In vitro setup to study permeability characteristics of contrast agents by MRI
Authors: Heilmann Melanie , Vautier Julien , Robert Philippe , Volk Andreas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn experimental setup consisting of a hollow fiber module (HFM) was developed for the in vitro study of contrast agent (CA) permeability. Controllable flow and known fiber characteristics allowed permeability studies under well‐defined conditions with CAs of different molecular weight (MW). In the MRI experiments performed at 4.7 T, the system was perfused at a constant flow rate (5 ml/min) with water and four CA of different MW: Gd‐DOTA (MW = 0.6 kDa), P846 (3.5 kDa), P792 (6.5 kDa) and P717 (50.5 kDa). R1 time courses were measured with a saturation‐recovery multi‐gradient‐echo snapshot sequence in the fiber‐free HFM input and the fiber‐filled center. Concentration time courses were calculated, and CA extravasation was analyzed with a pharmacokinetic model yielding exchange rate constant kie. Only Gd‐DOTA (kie = 2.37 ± 0.16 min−1) and P846 (kie = 0.58 ± 0.17 min−1) showed quantifiable extravasation. P717 perfusion yielded an intra‐capillary volume fraction of 15.6 ± 2.7% compared with 12% estimated from the HFM manufacturer's specifications. In conclusion, the experimental setup allowed classification of in vitro permeability characteristics for CAs with different MW and therefore holds potential for systematic comparison of CAs currently under development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupling 3D and 1D fluid–structure‐interaction models for wave propagation in flexible vessels using a finite volume pressure‐correction scheme
Authors: Papadakis George 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a method is presented for the coupling of three‐dimensional (3D) and one‐dimensional (1D) fluid–structure‐interaction models for wave propagation phenomena in flexible vessels. The method is based on the hyperbolic nature of the 1D problem. More specifically, the two Riemann invariants of the 1D problem are expressed in terms of average velocity and pressure and the value of the invariant that approaches the 3D domain provides a non‐linear constraint between the two variables that is used as a boundary condition for the 3D problem. It is assumed that the distribution of the Riemann invariant is uniform in the vessel cross section. The implementation of the boundary condition in the context of a pressure‐correction solution method in a finite volume mesh is described in detail. Computations of pressure pulse propagation within an elastic cylindrical vessel showed that the wave propagates smoothly from the 3D to the 1D domain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What predicts the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome in a population‐based cohort of adult healthy subjects?
Authors: Bo S. , Rosato R. , Ciccone G. , Gambino R. , Durazzo M. , Gentile L. , Cassader M. , Cavallo‐Perin P. , Pagano G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MS), the concurrence of hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and visceral obesity, increases cardiovascular risk and mortality. Predictors of MS were previously evaluated in patients without the full syndrome, but with some of its traits. This might confound the resulting associations.MethodsThe relationship between baseline variables and MS development was evaluated in healthy middle‐aged subjects without any MS component at baseline, over a 4.5‐year follow‐up.ResultsFrom a population‐based cohort of 1658 subjects, 241 individuals showed no MS components and 201 (83.4%) of them participated in a follow‐up screening. At baseline, patients who developed the MS (n = 28/201; 13.9%) showed significantly higher Homeostasis Model Assessment‐Insulin Resistance score (HOMA‐IR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) values, and lower exercise level than subjects who did not. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, after multiple adjustments, the only baseline variable significantly (p < 0.01) associated with the MS was CRP (OR = 4.05; 95% CI 2.23–7.38; p < 0.001). Results did not change after adjusting for weight gain. The area under the receiver‐operating curve was 0.83 for CRP after multiple adjustments. The optimal cut‐off point of baseline CRP values was 2.1 mg/L, with 86% (95% CI 81–90) sensitivity and 75% (69–81) specificity in predicting the MS. Baseline CRP resulted associated with after‐study glucose values in a multiple regression model (β = 0.14; 0.08–0.20; p < 0.001).ConclusionsHigher baseline CRP values confer a significant increased risk of developing the MS in healthy subjects, independently of weight gain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological effects of prevention: do participants of a type 2 diabetes prevention program experience increased mental distress?
Authors: Giel Katrin E. , Enck Paul , Zipfel Stephan , Schrauth Markus , Bury Anna , Graf Marjo , Kümmerle Sabine , Guthoff Martina , Stefan Norbert , Häring Hans‐Ulrich , Fritsche Andreas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the mental health outcome of a lifestyle intervention for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and to exclude possible harmful psychological effects.BackgroundThere is little empirical data on potential harmful effects of prevention programs. However, information, education, diagnostic procedures, phenotyping and risk assessment may cause or intensify psychological distress such as anxiety, depression or somatization in vulnerable individuals.MethodsThe Tuebingen Lifestyle Intervention Program (TULIP) for the prevention of type 2 diabetes has assessed mental health outcome in the participants after 9 months of program participation using the Symptom Checklist‐90‐R (SCL‐90‐R). The 24‐months lifestyle intervention TULIP comprises regular exercise and changes in nutrition and assesses both, a broad range of somatic parameters as well as psychometric variables. For an interim analysis of psychological outcome, complete data sets of the SCL‐90‐R assessed at baseline and after 9 months of intervention were available for 195 participants (125 females, 70 males; age: 46.1 ± 10.6 years). Data on somatization, anxiety, depression and overall psychological distress were compared to baseline levels.ResultsSCL‐90‐R scores of the TULIP‐participants did not significantly differ from the German healthy reference population. Compared to baseline, a significant decrease in SCL‐90‐R scores was found for anxiety, depression and overall psychological distress at re‐assessment after 9 months.ConclusionThe interim analysis on mental health outcome of a type 2 diabetes prevention program comprising extensive phenotyping and risk assessment rules out adverse psychological effects, suggesting rather beneficial changes concerning symptoms of anxiety, depression and overall psychological distress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of license plate using matched filter
Authors: Yamaguchi Jun'Ichi , Kita Tetsuya , Ishihara Yutaka 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper the authors describe a license plate (LP) detection method that can eliminate the restrictions on LP position, three‐dimensional rotation and size. In the method, LP reference images, which replaced characters on the plate image by rectangles, are prepared beforehand. Using a frontal LP image, they are calculated by perspective projection at regular direction intervals and are calculated by a process of expanding and shrinking at regular size intervals. Using an input image of a vehicle passing through a scene and one reference image, a correlation map as a distribution of matching degree is obtained by a matched filter. By using the matched filter with every reference image, the correlation maps corresponding to the reference images are obtained. Detecting the highest value in all correlation maps, the matched reference image and the coordinates as LP position are decided. Furthermore, the shape of the LP in the input image is detected by fitting the LP frame, which is calculated using the matched reference image. In the paper, the proposed method is explained and an example of the experimental results is given. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(9): 20–27, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10004
Recurrent neural networks with multi‐branch structure
Authors: Yamashita Takashi , Mabu Shingo , Hirasawa Kotaro , Furuzuki Takayuki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUniversal Learning Networks (ULNs) provide a generalized framework for many kinds of structures in neural networks with supervised learning. Multi‐Branch Neural Networks (MBNNs) which use the framework of ULNs have already been shown to have better representation ability in feedforward neural networks (FNNs). The multi‐branch structure of MBNNs can be easily extended to recurrent neural networks (RNNs) because the characteristics of ULNs include the connection of multiple branches with arbitrary time delays. In this paper, therefore, RNNs with multi‐branch structure are proposed and are shown to have better representation ability than conventional RNNs. RNNs can represent dynamical systems and are useful for time series prediction. The performance evaluation of RNNs with multi‐branch structure was carried out using a benchmark of time series prediction. Simulation results showed that RNNs with multi‐branch structure could obtain better performance than conventional RNNs, and also showed that they could improve the representation ability even if they are smaller‐sized networks. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(9): 37–44, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10157
State estimation for sound environment with unknown structure by introducing fuzzy theory
Authors: Ikuta Akira , Masuike Hisako , Ohta Mitsuo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe actual sound environment system exhibits various types of linear and nonlinear characteristics, and it often contains an unknown structure. Furthermore, observations in the sound environment often contain fuzziness due to several causes. In this paper, a method for estimating the specific signal for a sound environment system with unknown structure and fuzzy observation is proposed by introducing a fuzzy theory and a system model of the conditional probability type. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical method is confirmed by applying it to an actual problem of the sound environment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(9): 45– 53, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10158 Copyright
Wideband measurement of discharge current caused by air discharge through hand‐held metal piece from charged human body
Authors: Mori Ikuko , Taka Yoshinori , Fujiwara Osamu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn IEC 61000‐4‐2 for electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity testing, an ESD gun is used to simulate the ESD events from a charged human body. A gun of this kind injects into a device being tested the discharge current through a lumped resistor from a charged lumped capacitor. In actual ESD events from charged human bodies, however, the charge distributed on the body surface is discharged through a spark from the fingertip, and its situation is essentially different from that of the ESD gun. To understand the behavior of the above‐mentioned discharge current, using a 6‐GHz digital oscilloscope, we previously measured the current through a hand‐held metal piece from a charged human body, and proposed an equivalent circuit model for calculating the discharge current with a time‐invariant spark resistance. In this study, with respect to the approaching speed of the hand‐held metal piece, we measured discharge currents through a metal piece from a human body with a charge voltage ranging from 200 V to 1000 V, and estimated the resultant voltage waveforms from the above‐mentioned equivalent circuit model. Through these results, in conjunction with the metal piece speed, we demonstrated the dependence on the charge voltage of current peak, current rise time, time‐varying spark resistance, spark length, and breakdown field. We confirmed also that the spark resistance value at the current peak time enables one to calculate the discharge current, which supports the validity of the previously proposed circuit model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(9): 54– 61, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10159
A study on reverse power flow from home cogeneration system
Authors: Minagata Atsushi , Kato Takeyoshi , Suzuoki Yasuo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses reverse power flow from a home cogeneration system (H‐CGS) in terms of energy conservation and influence on electric power systems. Data for actual electricity and hot‐water demand observed in a family including two adults and two children for a year were used as a case study for a typical installation. When the reverse power flow is allowed except for during late night, in consideration of the influence on the electric power system, the reduction in annual primary energy consumption can be increased by about 40% relative to that in the operation without reverse power. The reverse power flow is large during the daytime in winter season, because the power output of H‐CGS is large in order to meet the large hot‐water demand. Even if reverse power is allowed throughout a day, the primary energy conservation is almost the same as that in part‐time reverse power operation, while the reverse power during late night is as large as that during daytime. Finally, the economic value of reverse power flow as a measure for reducing CO2 emission was evaluated. The result shows that the economic value of reverse power flow in PR operation corresponds to 23,000 yen/t‐C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(10): 11– 19, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10162
Ruthenium η6‐Hexamethylbenzene Complexes Containing Dichalcogenoimidodiphosphinate Ligands
Authors: Cheung Wai‐Man , Chiu Wai‐Hang , Williams Ian D. , Leung Wa‐Hung 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTreatment of [Ru(η6‐C6Me6)Cl2]2 with AgOTf (OTf– = triflato) followed by K[N(R2PQ)2] gave the 16‐electron complexes [Ru(η6‐C6Me6){η2‐N(R2PQ)2}][OTf] [Q = S, R = Ph (1) or iPr (2); Q = Se, R = Ph (3) or iPr (4)] which were isolated as air‐stable blue or dark green crystals. For complex 1, when the crude product was recrystallised from CH2Cl2/hexane in air, orange crystals of [Ru(η6‐C6Me6){η3‐N(Ph2PS)2}][OTf] (1a) were isolated as a minor product. The reaction of compound 1 with ammonia, hydrazine hydrate and 4,4′‐bipyridyl(4,4′‐bpy) gave the 18‐electron adducts [Ru(η6‐C6Me6){η2‐N(Ph2PS)2}L][OTf] [L = NH3 (5), N2H4 (6)] and dinuclear[{Ru(η6‐C6Me6)[η2‐N(Ph2PS)2]}2(μ‐4,4′‐bpy)][OTf]2 (7), respectively. Treatment of compound 2 with Li[BEt3H] and NaBH4 afforded the ethyl [Ru(η6‐C6Me6){N(iPr2PS)2}Et] (8) andhydride [Ru(η6‐C6Me6){η2‐N(iPr2PS)2}H] (9) compounds, respectively. Formal potentials for Ru[N(R2PQ)2] complexes have been determined. The structures for complexes 1, 1a, 5, 6, 8 and 9 have been established by X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Dinitrogen Activation by the Ti2N2 Molecule: A Matrix Isolation Study
Authors: Manceron Laurent , Hübner Olaf , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHerein we report on matrix isolation experiments carried out for the reaction of Ti2(μ‐N)2 with N2 in Ne and pure N2 matrices. N2 complexes with various degrees of N2 activation are formed in the course of this reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of Two Complementary Molecular Moulds
Authors: Barattin Régis , Gourdon André 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of two complementary molecular moulds is described. These molecules comprise a polyaromatic central part and four lateral bulky tert‐butylphenyl or di‐tert‐butylphenyl groups so that when they are deposited onto a surface, a cavity prone to metallic moulding is created. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Phosphonium Coupling in the Direct Bond Formations of Tautomerizable Heterocycles via C–OH Bond Activation (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 4/2009)
Authors: Kang Fu‐An , Sui Zhihua , Murray William V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the single‐step direct transformations of inosine into C6‐functionalized nucleosides by base‐promoted or palladium‐catalyzed phosphonium couplings. Since the pioneering work by Fox et al. in 1958, the functionalization of nucleosides has been routinely carried out in a multi‐step sequence including protection, activation, functionalization, and deprotection. As the first direct bond formation through C–OH bond activation of tautomerizable heterocycles with PyBroP, this new, mild, efficient, chemoselective, and versatile phosphonium coupling methodology has solved a long‐standing synthetic challenge of a single‐step transformation in nucleoside chemistry. Details of the discovery, mechanism, scope, and application of this technology are presented in the Microreview by F.‐A. Kang et al. on p. 461 ff.
A novel technique for NACE coupled with simultaneous electrochemiluminescence and electrochemical detection for fast analysis of tertiary amines
Authors: Yuan Baiqing , Huang Jianshe , Sun Jinying , You Tianyan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA simultaneous electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and electrochemical (EC) detection scheme for NACE was presented for fast analysis of tertiary amines. Both ECL and EC signals were generated at the same Pt electrode. Triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine (TPrA), chlorpromazine, promethazine, and dioxopromethazine (DPZ) were selected to validate NACE–ECL/EC dual detection strategy. The linear ranges for TEA and TPrA were 0.01–500 and 0.01–10 μM with the detection limits of 8.0 and 5.0 nM (S/N=3), respectively. The RSDs (n=6) of the migration time and the ECL intensity for 1 μM TEA and 0.5 μM TPrA were 0.1 and 2.8%, and 0.2 and 1.8% with theoretical plate numbers of 180 000 and 700 000 per meter, respectively. These two analytes could be separated within 92 s and the Pt electrode did not need reactivation during the experiments. Chlorpromazine, promethazine, and DPZ could be well separated by NACE. The proposed method was also demonstrated for fast determination of DPZ in human urine with simple sample preparation. The results indicated that NACE–ECL/EC had the advantages of simple and fast analysis with more information, wide linear range, high sensitivity, and compatibility with real urine sample.
A novel competitive fluorescent multiplex STR polymorphism assay for rapid, reliable and single‐tube screening of 22q11.2 copy‐number aberrations
Authors: Yang Chi , Shen Li , Xu Zhengfeng , Wu Xiaojian , Mo Xuming , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Dongjin , Wang Yaping , Peng Yuzhu , Cao Li , Jiang Yongzhong , Gu Haitao , Chen Shilin , Bian Xuming , Liu Juntao , Qiao Di , Yi Long 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCopy‐number aberrations of the 22q11.2 region can lead to varied resulting and complex phenotypes. Routine screening for these common constitutional chromosomal abnormalities requires powerful tools. A competitive fluorescent multiplex STR polymorphism assay (CFMSA) was built for detecting these aberrations. With the introduction of an internal reference and distinguishable STR polymorphism markers, this competitive fluorescent multiplex STR polymorphism assay provides complementary information about polymorphism and gene dosage in one tube simultaneously, thereby enhancing the assay sensitivity. It was first tested in 110 normal controls, and was proven to have highly polymorphic and reliable gene dosage information. Then, 476 subjects with congenital heart defect were screened according to the testing strategy of the American Heart Association, and 17 deletions and 1 duplication of 22q11.2 were correctly identified. It is expected that this assay will serve as a cost‐effective alternative to existing assays for routine, large‐scale screening in all at‐risk individuals with either deletion or duplication in 22q11.2.
A local domain‐free discretization method to simulate three‐dimensional compressible inviscid flows
Authors: Zhou C. H. , Shu C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the domain‐free discretization method (DFD) is extended to simulate the three‐dimensional compressible inviscid flows governed by Euler equations. The discretization strategy of DFD is that the discrete form of governing equations at an interior point may involve some points outside the solution domain. The functional values at the exterior‐dependent points are updated at each time step by extrapolation along the wall normal direction in conjunction with the wall boundary conditions and the simplified momentum equation in the vicinity of the wall. Spatial discretization is achieved with the help of the finite element Galerkin approximation. The concept of ‘osculating plane’ is adopted, with which the local DFD can be easily implemented for the three‐dimensional case. Geometry‐adaptive tetrahedral mesh is employed for three‐dimensional calculations. Finally, we validate the DFD method for three‐dimensional compressible inviscid flow simulations by computing transonic flows over the ONERA M6 wing. Comparison with the reference experimental data and numerical results on boundary‐conforming grid was displayed and the results show that the present DFD results compare very well with the reference data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.