bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of VH, Cγ and Cμ gene products in rabbits by maternal immunization against IgM allotype and detection of somatic recombinant molecules in these animals
Authors: Naessens Jan , Hamers‐Casterman Cécile , Hamers Raymond 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSuppression of the μ‐chain allotype Ms16 was obtained in young heterozygous Ms16/Ms17 rabbits by immunizing the Ms17 mother against the paternal Ms16 allotype. Examination of the concentration of the VH and CH allotypes of paternal origin (a2, Ms16 and e14) in the offspring, revealed not only Ms16 suppression but also VHand Cγ allotypic suppression. The degree of suppression for the Cγ markers (4–25‐fold decrease) was much less than that for the Cμ or VH markers (50–150‐fold decrease). The excess Cμ marker (e14) was found to be present for the major part on molecules possessing the VH allotype derived from the homologous allelic chromosome. The pattern of persistence of molecules with the suppressed Cμ marker in the serum is consistent with the idea that these molecules arise by somatic recombination and that the gene order is VH, Cμ and Cγ.
Individual‐specific (idiotypic) T‐B cell interactions regulating the production of anti‐2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl antibody. I. Generation of suppressor T cells and antibody directed against immunocompetent cells
Authors: Gorczynski Reginald M. , Kennedy Marion , Khomasurya Barbara , Macrae Susannah , Cunningham Alastair J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is known from several experimental systems that the production of dominant antibody idiotypes may be regulated by anti‐idiotypic mechanisms. Our aim has been to test whether the potential for such control also exists in the more typical heterogeneous antibody responses of inbred mice to the trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten, where dominant idiotypes are not recognized. CBA mice were hyperimmunized to trini‐trophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Serum or lightly fixed spleen cells from these mice were injected into normal syngeneic “recipients”. The serum and spleen cells from these recipients were found to have the power to suppress in vitro anti‐TNP antibody responses made by further spleen cells from the donor mice. This suppression was specifically directed against the cells of the individual donor animals suggesting idiotype‐related regulation.
Cell cooperation in antibody responses to influenza virus. I. Priming of helper T cells by internal components of the virion
Authors: Russell Stuart M. , Liew Foo Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractT cells recognizing internal components of the influenza virion can cooperate with B cells recognizing hemagglutinin to enhance the hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) antibody response. Cooperation occurs only when the internal proteins and hemagglutinin are subsequently presented in association. The effect enhances the production of both 2‐mercaptoethanol‐resistant and‐sensitive antibodies. The cooperating cells express the Thy‐1+, Ly‐1+2− surface phenotype and thus are characteristic of helper T cells. Immunization of mice with the internal components of the virion increases survival after exposure to lethal influenza infection. Mice primed with purified matrix protein produce enhanced amounts of HAI antibody after infection with influenza.These results may help to explain reports on the effects of heterotypic infection on antibody production, and also heterotypic immunity.
A ribonucleic acid‐specific antibody produced during autoimmune disease: evidence for nucleotide sequence specificity
Authors: Eilat Dan , Sasson Shmuel A. Ben , Laskov Reuven 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA hybridoma secreting RNA‐binding autoantibody has been produced by fusion of spleen cells from autoimmune NZB/NZW F1 mice with drug‐resistant IgG2b,‐producing myeloma cells from BALB/c mice. Studies on the specificity of the purified monoclonal autoantibody revealed: (a) absolute specificity for ribopolynucleotides as compared with deoxyribopolynucleotides; (b) specificity for single‐stranded RNA as compared with double‐stranded RNA; (c) high affinity for the random copolymer poly(G, C); and (d) preference for the random heteropolymer poly(G, C, U). These studies were complemented by stoichiometric measurements of the antibody‐RNA complex and computer analysis of the abundance of various di‐, tri‐and tetranucleotide sequences in native RNA. Taken together, these data suggest that the anti‐genie determinant recognized by the monoclonal autoantibody is largely composed of a trinucleotide sequence of single‐stranded RNA containing G, C and U residues.
Memory B cells at successive stages of differentiation: expression of surface IgD and capacity for self renewal
Authors: Black Samuel J. , Tokuhisa Takeshi , Herzenberg Leonard A. , Herzenberg Leonore A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn recent studies, we have characterized two memory B cell populations capable of giving rise to IgG antibody‐producing cells in adoptive recipients. One population carries surface IgD and gives rise to predominantly low‐affinity antibody responses; the other lacks detectable surface IgD and gives rise to predominantly high‐affinity responses. These memory populations often coexist in individual donors for long periods of time; however, in strongly stimulated donors, the IgD+ population is lost after several weeks, and nearly all detectable B cell memory is IgD− thereafter. In this publication, we show that the IgD+ and IgD− memory populations represent B cells at two successive stages of antigen‐dependent differentiation. We used the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) in a double isolation and transfer protocol to show directly that FACS‐isolated IgD+ memory cells transferred to adoptive recipients give rise both to IgG antibody‐producing cells and to an expanded memory population that is predominantly IgD−. We also show that FACS‐isolated IgD− memory populations from the original donor “self‐renew” (i.e. give rise to more IgD‐memory) in adoptive recipients and that these events require supplementation of the isolated memory cells with carrier‐primed T cells and antigen.In discussing these findings, we integrate our data with previous evidence on the expression of surface IgG on memory B cells to create an updated view of surface Ig expression during memory development. We also consider these findings in the light of our recent suggestion that the loss of IgD receptors facilitates affinity maturation in the more mature (IgD−) memory population.
Surface immunoglobulin of rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes: detection of allotypes by fluorescence and rosetting
Authors: Abdi Hamida B. , Wilder Ronald L. , Scher Irwin , Mage Rose G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpecific anti‐allotype reagents were prepared to detect heavy and light chain allotypes on surface immunoglobulin‐positive (sIg+) cells from a3 a3 b4 b4, a2 a2 b5 b5 homozygous and a2 a3 b4 b5 heterozygous rabbits. Total sIg+ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were detected with fluorescein‐labeled goat anti‐light chain and sheep anti‐rabbit Ig reagents. The total sIg+ cells detected with these reagents and the sum of a and b allotypes individually measured with specific fluorescent anti‐allotype reagents (a2 + a3 or b4 + b5) were more or less the same when measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) II flow microfluorometry. The data provided no evidence for single cells expressing both allelic allotypes (allelic inclusion). We found that FACS and rosetting techniques were generally equally sensitive. However, we detected a greater proportion of total b4+ plus b5+ cells by rosetting than by fluorescence in some PBL preparations from heterozygous b4 b5 rabbits. This was not seen with artificial mixtures of b4 b4 and b5 b5 cells. The nature of these cells is not yet known. Conceivably, they were not scored as lymphocytes by light‐scatter analysis on the FACS and hence were not counted, but were indistinguishable from lymphocytes by microscopy.
Genetic control of sensitivity to Moloney leukemia virus in mice. III. The three H‐2‐linked Rmv genes are immune response genes controlling the antiviral antibody response
Authors: Debré Patrice , Boyer Brigitte , Gisselbrecht Sylvie , Bismuth Alain , Lévy Jean‐Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been shown previously that three different H‐2‐associated genes control the resistance to viremia and leukemia in Moloney virus‐infected mice: Rmv. 1, mapping to the I‐A or less probably K regions; Rmv. 2, mapping to the I‐C, S or G regions and Rmv. 3, mapping to the D or T regions. Experiments have been performed to determine the role of these genes in the control of the antibody responses directed against Moloney murine leukemia virus (M.MuLV) virions and/or leukemic cells. The inoculation of infectious M.MuLV failed to provide conclusive responses due to unequal replication of the virus in different inbred strains resulting in variable antigenic stimulations and/or in vivo antibody absorptions. The use of inactivated M.MuLV as antigen allowed to avoid these problems. It showed that (a) the IgG‐specific anti‐M.MuLV response is controlled by H‐2‐linked genes, (b) a clear correlation exists between high or low‐responder phenotypes and the resistance or susceptibility to M.MuLV infection and (c) all three Rmv genes behave like immune response genes. These results were not surprising for Rmv. 1 and Rmv. 2 which map in the I region of the major histocompatibility complex. It was more puzzling for Rmv. 3. Further experiments are necessary to determine the exact mechanism by which this gene controls the immune response.
Elicitation of primary anti‐Sendai virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes with purified viral glycoproteins
Authors: McGee Maria , Hale Arthur H. , Panetti Marguerite 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe requirement of integration of viral proteins into cell surface membranes of host cells for elicitation of anti‐Sendai virus (SV) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been investigated. The purified hemagglutinin‐neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of SV incorporated into phospholipid vesicles was used to analyze this question. Phospholipid vesicles possessing an active HN and F glycoprotein were capable of eliciting both anti‐SV CTL and antibodies. However, the incorporation of an inactive F glycoprotein into HN‐containing vesicles or its absence from such vesicles resulted in stimulation of only anti‐SV antibodies and not anti‐SV CTL.
Chemiluminescence of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages stimulated by immune precipitates and soluble immune complexes
Authors: Connell Patricia A. , Seehra Manjeet S. , Leslie R. Graham Q. , Reeves W. Gordon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe chemiluminescence (CL) response of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages to immune precipitates and soluble immune complexes has been investigated. The rapid burst of intense light emission observed in response to both stimuli, was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). With soluble immune complexes, this was followed by prolonged CL of lower intensity susceptible to both SOD and catalase inhibition. The magnitude of the CL response was directly related to the size of the soluble complexes reacting with the macrophages. These findings suggest that circulating, as distinct from deposited immune complexes, may play a role in the pathogenesis of complex‐mediated diseases.
Genetic control of contact hypersensitivity I. I‐A subregion as well as non‐H‐2 loci codes for the gene of 2,4‐dinitro‐1‐fluorobenzene antigen
Authors: Okuda Kenji , Ishii Norihisa , Ikezawa Zenroh , Tani Kenji , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs a first step in determining the genetic control of contact hypersensitivity in mice, 2,4‐dinitro‐l‐fluorobenzene (DNFB) was applied to induce ear swellings. Studies with congenic and recombinant inbred strains of mice revealed that the DNFB contact hypersensitivity is controlled by the I‐A subregion, as well as non‐H‐2 regions. The results presented suggest that the major histocompatibility complex‐linked immune response genes seem to be playing an important role in the contact hypersensitivity to the DNFB antigen.
Human fetal thymus and bone marrow contain target cells for natural killer cells
Authors: Hansson Mona , Kiessling Rolf , Andersson Börje 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies in the mouse natural killer (NK) system have indicated that NK cells may be involved in lysing normal, primary hematopoietic tissues. In the present report, this was analyzed in the human NK system using fetal bone marrow (BM) cells and thymocytes as well as adult BM cells from healthy donors as target cells in a conventional 6 to 12‐h 51Cr‐release assay.Adult BM cells showed low but significant levels of sensitivity, which could be increased by using interferon (IFN)‐activated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) as effector cells. BM cells from 16 to 19‐week‐old fetuses consistently showed higher sensitivity for lysis than adult BM, and also fetal thymocytes proved very sensitive for lysis, in contrast to what has previously been reported for adult thymocytes. When used as effector cells against K562 targets, adult BM showed a clear lytic activity which could be further activated with IFN. In contrast, fetal BM was totally NK‐inactive also after IFN activation. Among healthy adult donors, autologous BM was lysed as efficiently as allogeneic BM, and when different NK cell donors were used, the same classification of these as NK high or low reactive cells was seen regardless of the source of BM targets. IFN could augment lysis in autologous as well as in allogeneic effector BM target combinations. IFN could also protect adult BM cells from NK lysis, but no protection was seen with fetal BM cells. The highest NK activity against BM targets was seen among nylon‐nonadherent, E rosette‐negative PBL and, therefore, the effector cell seemed to be of the same nature as that active against continuous cell lines.These results show that in the human NK system, NK cells can lyse normal BM cells and thymocytes. The higher sensitivity expressed by fetal BM cells and thymocytes as compared to adult cells may suggest an increased frequency of a particular primitive NK‐sensitive cell type in these tissues, a finding which is in line with results seen in the mouse NK system.
Suppression of IgE antibodies to the (4‐hydroxy‐3‐iodo‐5‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP) group and induction of NIP‐specific suppressor cells with NIP‐poly‐N‐vinylpyrrolidone conjugates
Authors: Lee Weng Y. , Sehon Alec H. , Von Specht Berndt U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe capacity of (C57BL/6 × DBA/2)F1 mice to produce anti‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐iodo‐5‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP) IgE antibodies, as a result of immunization with 1 μg of NIP2‐ovalbumin (OA) in the presence of Al(OH)3, was specifically suppressed by treatment of mice, either before or after immunization, with tolerogenic conjugates consisting of the hapten coupled to poly‐N‐vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with an average mol. wt. of 10000. The suppression was hapten‐specific, since it did not affect the immune response of the host to OA. The unresponsive state of the spleen cells of mice which had been tolerized with respect to NIP was maintained even after cell transfer into X‐irradiated, syngeneic recipients and was shown to be due to hapten‐specific suppressor cells. However, the splenic B cells of these mice did not possess any suppressive activity. The generation of an effective number of suppressor cells required between 1 and 2 days following the administration of the tolerogen. The suppressive effects observed on adoptive transfer could not be attributed to the carryover of the tolerogen, which might have been associated with the spleen cells of the donor mice, since the transfer of B cells of tolerized mice or of mice which had received 2 mg of the tolerogen 2‐24 h before cell transfer did not abrogate the capacity of spleen cells of immune mice to mount an anti‐NIP response. Hence, it may be concluded that NIP2‐PVP induced, in addition to a probable receptor blockade of B cells, a central inhibitory mechanism which led to the development of an effective number of suppressor cells within 1 to 2 days after administration of NIP2‐PVP.
Early precursors of B lymphocytes I. Rabbit/mouse species differences in the physical properties and surface phenotype of pre‐B cells, and in the maturation sequence of early B cells
Authors: McElroy Paul J. , Willcox Nicholas , Catty David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCells that possess low levels of internal IgM (or μ chain), with none detectable on the surface, can be identified by immunofluorescence. These “pre‐B cells” in rabbits have been characterized and been compared with those of mice, in terms of their ontogeny, physical properties and surface phenotype — partly to reveal features that could be exploited in their purification. The timing of their appearance and their tissue distribution are, in principle, very similar, though they first appear 5‐7 days later in the rabbit than in the mouse. Thus, pre‐B cells could not be detected in rabbit fetal liver until days 17‐20 of gestation; however, their progenitors appeared to be present before that, since, in preliminary experiments, pre‐B cells (and subsequently B cells) were generated de novo in closed organ cultures initiated at earlier times.In other respects, pre‐B cells are strikingly different in the two species. Rabbit pre‐B cells bear detectable surface Fc receptors, not found on these cells in the mouse, and they are almost uniformly large and low in density, whereas mouse pre‐B cells are much more heterogeneous and less readily purified. The evidence summarized here that the large pre‐B cells identified by immunofluorescence are equivalent to those detected by others in functional assays, amounts to a strong case for their precursor status. In the mouse, their immediate progeny seem to be small pre‐B cells which apparently already behave, in functional assays, like the newly developed B cells into which they can rapidly convert.This heterogeneity seen in pre‐B cells in mice is apparent instead in the B cells of rabbit lymphopoietic tissues. These vary considerably, not only in size and density, but also in their membrane Ig staining intensity, whereas the B cells in mouse bone marrow are almost exclusively small lymphocytes. In view of their relatively high frequencies in fetal tissues, it is proposed that the conspicuous large, low‐density rabbit B cells are intermediates in the development of pre‐B cells into small B lymphocytes, and it is therefore concluded that surface Ig and Fc receptors both appear at relatively earlier stages in the rabbit than in the mouse. This conclusion could be tested by culturing these immature B cells after purifying them by exploiting their distinctive properties.
Early precursors of B lymphocytes II. Exploitation of the singular properties of rabbit pre‐B cells in their purification
Authors: Willcox Nicholas , McElroy Paul J. , Catty David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbit pre‐B cells are almost uniformly large and low in density and bear a modest number of Fc receptors (McElroy, P. J., Willcox, N. and Catty, D., Eur. J. Immunol. 1981. 11: 76). A simple density gradient centrifugation procedure consistently and rapidly enriches them to 20‐35% frequencies. At the same time, it depletes them of most of the B cells, phagocytic and erythroid cells that are also common in bone marrow, and are of progressively higher densities. The low‐density fractions include 45‐55% of large blast‐like cells and have 35‐45% of cells with Fc receptors.By isolating the large Fc receptor‐bearing cells from low‐density fractions of baby rabbit bone marrow on a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter, pre‐B cells were obtained at approximately 60% frequency and virtually uncontaminated by B cells (or plasma cells). This level of purity is perhaps adequate for the critical experiments necessary to establish the precursor status of pre‐B cells definitively, and it might also prove valuable for studying the mechanisms of the genetic rearrangements that occur in early B cell development.
The role of macrophages in the activation of T lymphocytes by concanavalin A II. Macrophage‐independent activation
Authors: Resch Klaus , Heckmann Beate , Schober Irmtraud , Bärlin Erich , Gemsa Diethard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph nodes of Lewis rats were depleted of macrophages by absorption for 60 min at 37°C on 0.1‐mm glass beads in the presence of 30% fetal calf serum. Lymphocytes which passed the column (total recovery 30‐50%) contained less than 0.2% macrophages, as assessed by neutral red ingestion or nonspecific esterase staining. At cell densities which allowed optimal proliferation of concanavalin A (Con A)‐stimulated, untreated lymphocytes (2 × 106 cells/ml), macrophage‐depleted lymphocytes were completely incapable of initiating DNA synthesis. The proliferative response to Con A was fully restored by adding back macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity. The help of macrophages was optimal at concentrations of 0.8 × 105 cells/ml, which corresponds to about 4% of lymphocytes. Restitution of the mitotic response of macrophage‐depleted lymphocytes was also achieved by raising cell densities to 5 × 106/ml. At this cell density, addition of macrophages was without any effect. Early events in lymphocyte activation, such as the increase of the incorporation of 14C‐oleate into membrane phospholipids after 4 h stimulation, was identical in the presence or absence of macrophages independent of the cell density ranging between 1 × 106 and 10 × 106 cells/ml. Similarly, the Con A‐stimulated early increase in the incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA was indistinguishable in macrophage‐containing or ‐depleted lymphocytes. At low cell densities, only macrophage‐containing lymphocytes proceeded to increase RNA synthesis, until S‐phase, whereas in the absence of macrophages RNA synthesis approached background values after 40 h of Con A stimulation. Macrophage‐depleted lymphocytes, too, proceeded with an increase in RNA synthesis, when stimulated at high cell densities. The data suggest that macrophages are not required for the initiation of lymphocyte activation. Their role in supporting mitosis may be the contribution of a second signal close to the G1/S boundary extending the size of the proliferating population.
A monoclonal antibody against human complement component C3: the production of C3 by human cells in vitro
Authors: Whitehead Alexander S. , Sim Robert B. , Bodmer Walter F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (WM1) against the third component of human complement (C3) was produced by fusing P3‐X63‐Ag8 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with purified C3. The specificity of WM1 antibody against C3 was established by its capacity to inhibit a standard C3 hemolytic assay and to immunoprecipitate C3 from human serum in the presence of S. aureus bacteria. Indirect binding assays indicate that the antibody is directed against the C3c portion of C3. The immunoprecipitation technique was used to screen for the presence of C3 in the culture supernatants of various cell lines. By this means, C3 was identified as a secreted product of human primary fibroblasts, transformed fibroblasts and D98/AH‐2, a HeLa derivative, but not of other human cell lines. WM1 was unable to immunoprecipitate C3 from rabbit or mouse fibroblast culture supernatants.