bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of cannabidiol against Methotrexate‐induced lung damage
Authors: Ozmen Ozlem , Milletsever Adem , Tasan Serife , Selcuk Esma , Savran Mehtap 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMethotrexate (MTX) is a widely used medication for various cancers, yet its use is associated with adverse effects on organs, notably the lungs. Cannabidiol (CBD), known for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, was investigated for its potential protective effects against MTX‐induced lung injury. Thirty‐two female Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups: control, MTX (single 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose), MTX + CBD (single 20 mg/kg MTX with 0.1 ml of 5 mg/kg CBD for 7 days intraperitoneally) and CBD only (for 7 days). Lung tissues were analysed using histopathological, immunohistochemical and PCR methods after the study. Histopathological assessment of the MTX group revealed lung lesions like hyperemia, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial cell loss. Immunohistochemical examination showed significant increases in Cas‐3, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) expressions. PCR analysis indicated elevated expressions of apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (Apaf 1), glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP 78), CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and cytochrome C (Cyt C), along with reduced B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (BCL 2) expressions in the MTX group, though not statistically significant. Remarkably, CBD treatment reversed these findings. This study highlights CBD's potential in mitigating MTX‐induced lung damage, suggesting its therapeutic promise.
Beyond normative and non‐normative: A systematic review on predictors of confrontational collective action
Authors: Uysal Mete Sefa , Saavedra Patricio , Drury John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper critically examines the normative versus non‐normative distinction commonly used in collective action research. To explore the similarities and differences between antecedents of normative versus non‐normative actions, we conducted a systematic review on diverse predictors of non‐normative, radical and violent collective actions. We examined 37 social and political psychology studies published after 2010 and identified five recurring themes: identity, efficacy, injustice, emotions and norms. Findings exhibited significant overlaps with those predictors associated with normative collective action. Thus, a reconceptualization is needed to undermine the rigid boundaries between these action types, highlighting the intricate interplay of factors that transcend the conventional binary. Aiming to avoid conceptual ambiguity and challenge the perspective that associating particular collective actions with unwarranted violence using social norms as fixed and a priori, we propose the term ‘confrontational collective action’ to separate out form of action from societal approval. Through this reconceptualization, we discussed the main limitations in the literature, focusing on how studies approach normativity and efficacy and addressing the issue of decontextualization in the literature. This paper calls for a contextually informed understanding of confrontational collective action that recognizes what is seen as ‘normative’ can change over time through intra‐ and intergroup interactions.
The kids are not alright: Children as objects, audience, and agents in the 2022 Canadian convoy protests
Authors: Essex Jamey 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChildren figure prominently in far‐right movements, ideologies, and conspiracy theories as innocent targets of nefarious and decadent forces, unwitting symbols of social and political decay, and potentially dangerous objects of moral panic. Far‐right movements thus map a wide‐ranging network of concerns about immigration, race, public health, education, and globalization onto children's bodies and spaces. Yet children and youth also actively participate in these movements or are otherwise socialized into them, inhabiting and making the everyday geographies of the far right in numerous ways. Children's presence at and participation in a series of protests and occupations in Canada in early 2022 demonstrates well their place in far‐right movements as symbols and agents, and connects the Canadian far right to broader spatial and temporal perspectives shared across the transnational landscape of such movements. These protests, dubbed the “Freedom Convoy” by participants and ostensibly aiming to end vaccine mandates in the Canadian trucking industry, quickly turned to more general antigovernment demands and became far‐right networking events. This paper examines more closely children's presence at and participation in the Canadian protests and how the movements behind them position children as object, audience, and agent in the spatiality of the far right's current transnational resurgence.
Market power and monetary policy transmission
Authors: Duval Romain , Furceri Davide , Lee Raphaël , Tavares Marina M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe show that firms' market power dampens the response of their output to monetary policy shocks, using firm‐level data for the USA and a large cross‐country firm‐level dataset for 14 advanced economies. We also find some evidence that the role of markups in monetary policy transmission, while independent from other channels, is greater for firms whose characteristics—notably size and age—are likely to be associated with greater financial constraints.
Analysis of seizure‐cluster circadian periodicity from a long‐term, open‐label safety study of diazepam nasal spray
Authors: Fountain Nathan B. , Quigg Mark , Murchison Charles F. , Carrazana Enrique , Rabinowicz Adrian L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveSeizure clusters require prompt medical treatment to minimize possible progression to status epilepticus, increased health care use, and disruptions to daily life. Isolated seizures may exhibit cyclical patterns, including circadian and longer rhythms. However, little is known about the cyclical patterns in seizure clusters. This post hoc analysis of data from a long‐term, phase 3, open‐label, repeat‐dose safety study of diazepam nasal spray modeled the periodicity of treated seizure clusters.MethodsMixed‐effects cosinor analysis evaluated circadian rhythmicity, and single component cosinors using 12 and 24 h were used to calculate cosinor parameters (e.g., midline statistic of rhythm, wave ampitude, and acrophase [peak]). Analysis was completed for the full cohort and a consistent cohort of participants with two or more seizure clusters in each of four, 3‐month periods. The influence of epilepsy type on cosinor parameters was also analyzed.ResultsSeizure‐cluster events plotted across 24 h showed a bimodal distribution with acrophases (peaks) at ~06:30 and ~18:30. A 12‐h plot showed a single peak at ~06:30. Cosinor analyses of the full and consistent cohort aligned, with acrophases for both models predicting peak seizure activity at ~23:30 on a 24‐h scale and ~07:30 on a 12‐h scale. The consistent cohort was associated with increases in baseline and peak seizure‐cluster activity. Analysis by epilepsy type identified distinct trends. Seizure clusters in the focal epilepsy group peaked in the evening (acrophase 19:19), whereas events in the generalized epilepsy group peaked in the morning (acrophase 04:46). Together they compose the bimodal clustering observed over 24 h.SignificanceThis analysis of seizure clusters treated with diazepam nasal spray demonstrated that seizure clusters occur cyclically in 12‐ and 24‐h time frames similar to that reported with isolated seizures. Further elucidation of these patterns may provide important information for patient care, ranging from improved patient‐centered outcomes to seizure‐cluster prediction.
Morphological evidence of a potential arrhythmogenic substrate in the caudal and cranial vena cava in horses
Authors: Ibrahim Lara , Buschmann Eva , van Loon Gunther , Cornillie Pieter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThree‐dimensional electro‐anatomical mapping, previously performed in horses with atrial arrhythmias, has demonstrated the medial region of the caudal vena cava (CaVC), 1–8 cm caudal to the fossa ovalis, as an anatomical predilection site for atrial tachycardia associated with areas of slow conduction and conduction block. Slow conduction has also been recorded in the cranial vena cava (CrVC).ObjectivesTo investigate the morphological characteristics of the myocardial sleeves (MS) in the CaVC and CrVC, in order to identify a potential substrate of right sided atrial arrhythmias.Study designCross sectional.MethodsPost‐mortem dissection of 37 hearts from adult warmblood horses without known cardiovascular disease. Macroscopic examination of the myocardial distribution, evaluated the MS area, length, width, and shape in the CaVC and the CrVC. At least 2 samples from each vena cava MS were histologically examined using Masson's trichrome staining.ResultsMyocardial sleeves into the medial CaVC and into the CrVC were observed in all horses and showed variations in distribution, shape, and size between horses. Their mean ± standard deviation length from the limbus into the CaVC reached 5.7 ± 1.0 cm (maximum 8.3 cm), and from the azygos vein into the CrVC 5.3 ± 1.6 cm (maximum 8.6 cm). Myocardium‐free islands were observed in the CaVC and CrVC in 30% and 6% of horses, respectively. Histologically, MS showed a non‐uniform myocardial fibre arrangement, with presence of fibroadipose tissue, features known to result in slow conduction and pro‐arrhythmia.Main limitationsStudy only included horses without history of atrial arrhythmia.ConclusionsMyocardial sleeves are present in both CaVC and CrVC, showing anatomical variations between horses. Tissue characteristics known to favour re‐entry were identified indicating that these venae cavae MS are a potential substrate for atrial tachyarrhythmias and a target for treatment by ablation.
Patients suffering from dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa are prone to developing autoantibodies against skin proteins: A longitudinal confirmational study
Authors: Bremer J. , Pas H. H. , Diercks G. F. H. , Meijer H. J. , van der Molen S. M. , Nijenhuis A. M. , van Nijen‐Vos L. L. , Morandé P. , Yubero M. J. , Palisson F. , Fuentes I. , Pasmooij A. M. G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heritable skin blistering disease caused by variants in genes coding for proteins that secure cell–cell adhesion and attachment of the epidermis to the dermis. Interestingly, several proteins involved in inherited EB are also associated with autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD). In this study, we present a long‐term follow‐up of 15 patients suffering from recessive dystrophic or junctional EB. From these patients, 62 sera were analysed for the presence of autoantibodies associated with AIBD. We show that patients suffering from recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB) are more susceptible to developing autoantibodies against skin proteins than patients suffering from junctional EB (70% vs. 20%, respectively). Interestingly, no correlation with age was observed. Most patients showed reactivity to Type XVII collagen/linear IgA bullous dermatosis autoantigen (n = 5; 33%), followed by BP230 (n = 4; 27%), Type VII collagen (n = 4; 27%) and laminin‐332 (n = 1; 7%). The pathogenicity of these autoantibodies remains a subject for future experiments.
Factors contributing to subjective well‐being and supporting successful aging among rural Japanese community‐dwelling older adults: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Shojima Kensaku , Mori Takara , Wada Yosuke , Kusunoki Hiroshi , Tamaki Kayoko , Matsuzawa Ryota , Nagai Koutatsu , Goto Masashi , Tabuchi Takahiro , Nagasawa Yasuyuki , Shinmura Ken 
Published: February 2024

AimWe aimed to identify the factors contributing to subjective well‐being in community‐dwelling older adults in rural Japan. This study explored the relationship among physical and mental health, socioeconomic status, and activity levels with regard to the subjective well‐being of older adults.MethodsIn the Frail Elderly in the Sasayama‐Tamba Area study, a cohort investigation of independent older adults in a rural Japanese community, 541 of 844 participants completed a 2‐year follow‐up survey. Subjective well‐being was assessed as a binary based on three factors – “happiness,” “satisfaction with life” and “meaning in life” – using a subset of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life questionnaire. The improvement group transitioned from not having subjective well‐being during the baseline survey to having subjective well‐being during the follow‐up survey. Furthermore, we used multivariable log‐Poisson regression models to calculate the prevalence ratios of subjective well‐being.ResultsThe cross‐sectional study showed that sleep satisfaction, health services access satisfaction and having a higher‐level functional capacity were positively associated with having “happiness” and “satisfaction with life.” Furthermore, being aged 80 years and having financial leeway were positively associated with having “meaning in life.” The longitudinal study showed that having a higher‐level functional capacity was positively associated with improving “happiness” and “satisfaction with life.” Being female was positively associated with improving “happiness” and “meaning in life,” and health services access satisfaction and alcohol drinking were positively associated with improving “satisfaction with life” and “meaning in life,” respectively.ConclusionsThese findings offer promising avenues for enhancing the subjective well‐being of older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 311–319.
What is the student experience of remote proctoring? A pragmatic scoping review
Authors: Marano E. , Newton P. M. , Birch Z. , Croombs M. , Gilbert C. , Draper M. J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRemote or online proctoring (invigilating) is a technology primarily used to improve the integrity of online examinations. The use of remote proctoring increased significantly as the world switched to online assessment during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Remote proctoring received negative media attention, including concerns about user privacy, discrimination and the accuracy of automated systems for detecting and reporting cheating. However, it is unclear whether these media concerns fully reflect the experiences of students. Online assessment offers a number of potential advantages to learners and education providers, and it seems likely that it is here to stay. It is essential to fully understand the learner experience of remote proctoring, with a view to ensuring it is as effective as possible while meeting the needs of all stakeholders, especially those being proctored. We undertook a scoping review of research into the student experience of online proctoring, with a pragmatic focus, aimed at developing guidance for higher education providers, based on the student experience. We reviewed primary research studies which evaluated the student experience of the use of remote proctoring for summative assessment in Higher Education. We used the Education Research Information Center database (ERIC) and Google Scholar. 21 papers were identified, from which the positives and negatives of the student experience were extracted, along with the main recommendations from the research. These were then synthesised into a series of summary recommendations by thematic analysis, by a team of researchers that included students and academic staff. We found that student experience was largely negative, influenced by concerns over privacy, technological challenges, fairness and stress. Recommendations were to include the student voice in decisions about how and why to use remote proctoring and limiting the use of remote proctoring. Working with students as partners and limiting the use of remote proctoring where possible, are key to ensuring a positive student experience.
Mecanismos de denuncia en la regulación laboral privada de las cadenas de valor mundiales. Estudio de caso
Authors: HARRISON James , PAREJO Margarita , WIELGA Mark 
Published: February 2024

Resumen¿Pueden los mecanismos de denuncia mejorar la regulación laboral privada de las cadenas de valor mundiales? En este artículo se investiga empíricamente el funcionamiento del mecanismo de denuncia de la Fair Labor Association (FLA), el único que permite verificar los resultados desde la perspectiva del denunciante. Pese a las limitaciones del sistema, la inmensa mayoría de los denunciantes lo valoran positivamente. El concepto de «enraizamiento», en su dimensión nacional, social y corporativa, permite estudiar la utilidad de la FLA para los trabajadores en diferentes contextos. Se reflexiona también sobre la aplicabilidad de las conclusiones a los mecanismos de denuncia en otras cadenas de valor.
Empowering virtual reality with feedback and reflection in hands‐on learning: Effect of learning engagement and higher‐order thinking
Authors: Huang Yueh‐Min , Wang Wei‐Sheng , Lee Hsin‐Yu , Lin Chia‐Ju , Wu Ting‐Ting 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundVirtual reality (VR) offers significant potential for hands‐on learning environments by providing immersive and visually stimulating experiences. Interacting with such environments can bring numerous benefits to learning, including enhanced engagement, knowledge construction, and higher‐order thinking. However, many current VR studies in hands‐on learning tend to utilise one‐way learning materials, limiting participants' ability to interact with and reflect on their actions and learning experiences. Moreover, these studies often neglect to assess learners' capacity to transfer their skills from VR learning to real‐world scenarios. Therefore, this study aims to investigate participants' engagement, learning outcomes, higher‐order thinking, and their ability to apply acquired skills in real‐world contexts.Method and ObjectiveParticipants were immersed in a hands‐on learning environment in VR, where they received feedback and engaged in reflection during the learning process. This study recruited 68 university students to participate in the experiment, employing a quasi‐experimental design. Participants experienced learning units both with and without reflection on the feedback. The theme of these learning units was related to embedded systems, encompassing topics such as the assembly of embedded components and Python programming. The investigation aimed to assess whether reflection in VR could enhance cognitive levels, engagement, real‐world hands‐on tasks abilities, and higher‐order thinking.ResultsThe research results indicate that in the VR hands‐on learning environment, participants engage in reflection through the provided feedback, effectively enhancing their engagement, cognitive levels, and hands‐on task abilities. Simultaneously, it also successfully assists participants in developing problem‐solving skills and critical thinking in higher‐order thinking.ConclusionsParticipants actively engaged in reflection on their own learning tasks and actions within the hands‐on learning environment, enabling them to develop a deeper understanding of the learning material and enhance their real‐world hands‐on tasks abilities, we encourage the integration of reflection strategies in VR learning environments for hands‐on learning, as they can yield positive benefits for learners.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of baricitinib in patients with severe alopecia areata: 104‐week results from BRAVE‐AA1 and BRAVE‐AA2
Authors: Senna M. , Mostaghimi A. , Ohyama M. , Sinclair R. , Dutronc Y. , Wu W. S. , Yu G. , Chiasserini C. , Somani N. , Holzwarth K. , King B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEfficacy of the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor baricitinib for severe alopecia areata (AA) continuously increased over 52 weeks in two Phase 3 trials. There are limited long‐term data on JAK inhibitors in AA.ObjectivesTo evaluate efficacy and safety of baricitinib for severe AA through 104 weeks of continuous therapy.MethodsIntegrated data from the BRAVE‐AA1 and BRAVE‐AA2 Phase 3 trials included adults with Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) scores ≥50 (≥50% scalp hair loss) randomized to and continuously treated with 2‐mg or 4‐mg baricitinib through Week 104. Patients who qualified to remain on continuous treatment included subjects who achieved SALT score ≤20 at Week 52 (Week‐52 responders; 2‐mg: N = 65; 4‐mg: N = 129) and baricitinib 4‐mg‐treated patients who had SALT score >20 at Week 52 but achieved SALT score ≤20 at prior visit(s) and/or had significant improvement in eyebrow or eyelash hair growth relative to baseline by Week 52 (Week‐52 mixed responders; N = 110). Week‐104 outcomes included the proportion of patients achieving SALT score ≤20 (≤20% scalp hair loss). Data were censored after treatment discontinuation.ResultsAmong baricitinib 4‐mg‐treated and baricitinib 2‐mg‐treated Week‐52 responders, 90.7% and 89.2%, respectively, maintained SALT score ≤20 at Week 104. Among Week‐52 mixed responders, 39.1% reached SALT score ≤20 by Week 104. Continued improvement in eyebrow and eyelash regrowth was observed across groups. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse events were COVID‐19, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, nasopharyngitis, acne, urinary tract infection and creatine phosphokinase increase.ConclusionsBaricitinib demonstrated a high level of maintenance of efficacy over 104 weeks in patients with severe AA. Efficacy increased in Week‐52 mixed responders, illustrating that long‐term treatment is necessary to observe maximum benefit in some patients. No new safety signals were observed.
A comparison of adult population fluctuation of Anastrepha pest species between agricultural environments and protected natural areas in northeastern Mexico
Authors: Martínez‐Bernal Celestino , Vanoye‐Eligio Venancio , Vanoye‐Eligio Maximiliano , Rosas‐Mejía Madai , Chacón‐Hernández Julio César , Rocandio‐Rodríguez Mario 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFruit fly pestiferous species within the genus Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) affect fruit growing in northeastern Mexico, particularly citrus and mango production. Little is known about the population fluctuation of these pests in protected natural areas adjacent to agricultural environments. This study aimed to compare and analyse the temporal profiles of adult populations of Anastrepha pest species inhabiting agricultural zones and a protected natural area. Six years of adult capture data of Anastrepha ludens (Loew), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. striata Schiner and A. serpentina (Wiedemann) were compared and analysed between commercial orchards and fruit tree areas located in the buffer zone of the biosphere reserve “El Cielo”. The analyses were carried out for each of two triennial periods (2008–2010 and 2019–2021). Temporal patterns of the pest populations were characterized, and generalized linear mixed models were used for data analysis. All locations registered the four species, although Anastrepha ludens and A. obliqua represented the highest number of adult captures. Populations of pest species of Anastrepha showed similar fluctuation patterns throughout the year regardless of the location. However, significant differences in the population size were noted between the “El Cielo” reserve and commercial areas. The “El Cielo” reserve and its surroundings captured the highest population levels of the four species. Persistent populations of A. striata and A. serpentina were related to the area under ecological protection. The “El Cielo” reserve is a shelter for the pest species of Anastrepha, which are mainly linked to backyard hosts. We discuss the importance of these findings in the context of an Area‐Wide Integrated Pest Management approach and of studying fruit flies' quarantine pests in Mexico's neotropical limits. Practical implications in designing specific phytosanitary measures to suppress or control pest populations are addressed.