bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE UPTAKE OF ISONIAZID AND RELATED COMPOUNDS BY MYCOBACTERIA
Authors: Youatt Jean 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYOther hydrazides inhibited the uptake of isoniazid. If the hydrazide group was substituted there was no inhibition. C14 meotinic acid hydrazide was taken up at approximately one‐third of the rate of uptake of isoniazid. The uptake required oxygen and was sensitive to sodium cyanide and azide. In this the uptake resembled that of isoniazid, but there was no inhibition by other hydrazides even in large excess.Hydrazones of isoniazid were taken up by a different process which did not require oxygen and was insensitive to cyanide.These results are discussed in terms of the mode of action of isoniazid.
THE ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN SERA IN VITRO AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO PASSIVE PROTECTIVE POTENCY
Authors: Fisher Stephen 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe degree of bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect of human sera against coagulase producing staphylococci was found to vary according to strain and serum. The nature of the antibacterial agent is unknown.The ability of human sera to protect mice against the lethal effect of intraperitoneally injected living staphylococci of a certain strain (strain Smith) in mucin suspension appeared independent of the effect of the sera against the same strain in vitro.In a preparation of human gamma globulin, the mouse protective factor appeared to have been concentrated; divergent results were obtained in two kinds of test fro antibacterial activity in vitro.
THE EFFECT OF DIET ON ACETATE TOLERANCE IN SHEEP
Authors: Jarrett IG , Filsell OH 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe rate of disappearance of injected acetate from the vascular system of sheep fed lucerne chaff is much more rapid than that of sheep fed wheaten chaff.Animals feeding on green pasture respond to injected acetate in a manner similar to those eating lucerne chaff, whereas animals on dry pasture respond like those on wheaten chaff.Within two days of changing from a diet of wheaten to lucerne chaff the tolerance to acetate characteristic of a lucerne chaff diet can be observed. A longer time is required for the alteration in tolerance when sheep which had been eating lucerne chaff are changed to wheaten chaff.Possible factors involved in the nature of the diet and their effect on the ability of the sheep to utilize acetate are discussed.
AN APPARATUS FOR THE CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF EATING, DRINKING AND SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITY OF RATS
Authors: Glow Peter H , Chambers JW 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYAn apparatus is described which permits consistent and sequential analysis of the general activity, fluid and food intake of rats in psychopharmacological research. The experimental results obtained from the use of this apparatus indicated that methyl phenidate tends to produce significantly higher levels of activity during those periods of the day when these animals are normally quiescent.
PROPERTIES OF THE OLFACTORY EFFERENT SYSTEM
Authors: Kerr DIB 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYAppropriately timed afferent stimulation of one olfactory bulb can depress afferent induced activity in the opposite bulb, the depression being mediated by the true commissural component of the anterior commissure which is part of the olfactory efferent system. Bulbar retrograde responses evoked by lateral olfactory tract stimulation are depressed by continuous high frequency stimulation of the anterior commissure, and this is considered to be further evidence for a depressive action of the efferent system in the olfactory bulb. Stimulation of the efferent system evokes monophasic negative waves in the bulb which, on continuous stimulation, summate to give a sustained negativity. The appearance of this negative shift is correlated with the onset of the depressive influence. Lateral olfactory tract stimulation evokes polyphasic, dominantly positive, waves in the bulb which do not summate but rapidly fatigue on repetitive stimulation at high frequencies.
THE IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE PRODUCED IN INBRED MICE FOLLOWING THE ISOLOGOUS AND HOMOLOGOUS TRANSFER OF ANTIGENICALLY STIMULATED SPLEEN CELLS
Authors: Dineen JK , Perry Beverley T 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYAntigenically stimulated spleen cells from C3H and C57Bl mice have been transferred to isologous and homologous recipients and both the immediate appearance of antibody and the response to a challenge injection of antigen 11–12 weeks later have been studied.Antibody can be detected as early as two days after isologous transfer of C57Bl cells, but none appears after homologous transfer. Isologous transfer of C3H cells gives much less evidence of early response showing either a delay up to six days before first appearance or failing completely.Following late challenge mice that received isologous cells responded with typical secondary response in the great majority. No secondary type responses were obtained with homologous combinations.
LONG TERM STORAGE OF TISSUE CULTURE CELLS
Authors: Ferguson Jean 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYSurvival rates after storage at −65°C. for periods ranging from 1‐9 months are given for 15 established cell lines of epithelial appearance from a wide variety of sources. Recently isolated epithelial cells from monkey kidney and human amnion tissue and fibroblast‐like cells recently isolated from cervical biopsies have also shown suitable survival rates on storage at −65°C. All cultured cells are still viable after nine mouths, although a variation in recovery rate is shown from cell type to cell type. Freshly isolated monkey kidney and human amnion cells which have not been cultured fail to survive in significant numbers when stored at −65°C. The number of cells surviving is dependent on the concentration of cells stored and on the rate of thawing.
DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN FRACTIONS IN SMALL SAMPLES OF PLASMA AND OF LYMPH IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Courtice FC 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYIn an investigation of the transfer of proteins and lipids across the capillary membrane in the rabbit, only small volumes of lymph were often available. This necessitated the use of a method for determining the several protein fractions in lymph which involved the use of such small volumes. Total protein was determined by kjeldahl digestion and nesslerization, and the protein fractions by paper electrophoresis.The various steps in the procedure of electrophoresis were standardized and the dye‐binding capacities of the globulin fractions were determined in relation to albumin. All the globulin fractions were shown to bind less dye, bromophenol blue, than albumin and the areas of the dye curves were multiplied by the following factors in relation to albumin as unity: γ‐globulin and fibrinogen, 1·76; β‐globulin 1·40, α‐globulin 1·50 and total globulin 1·56. The accuracy of the method for the determination of the levels of these fractions in the plasma and lymph of normal and hypercholesterolaemic rabbits is discussed.
THE FLOW AND COMPOSITION OF HEPATIC LYMPH IN THE NORMAL AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLAEMIC RABBIT
Authors: Courtice FC 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYHepatic lymph was collected from an efferent vessel of the hepatic lymph node in two groups of rabbits, one living on a normal diet and one on a diet to which cholesterol was added.The average flow of lymph in the normal group was 0·7 ml./hr., and much greater, up to 30 ml./hr., in the hypercholesterolaemic animals.The average albumin level in the lymph of the normal rabbit was 96 p.c. and the globulin 74 p.c. of that in the plasma. In the hypercholesterolaemic group these values were slightly less, 88 and 70 p.c. respectively. Each of the globulin fractions, α, β and γ, varied only slightly from the mean globulin level.The cholesterol and phospholipid plasma : lymph gradients in the normal animals were much the same as for α and β globulin, but in the hypercholesterolaemic group these gradients were much greater. This was in agreement with the findings that the increased lipid levels in the plasma of the hypercholesterolaemic rabbit were due mainly to larger, less dense complexes with a high cholesterol : phospholipid ratio.The significance of these findings with regard to the permeability of the hepatic sinusoids and the production of lymph is discussed.
STUDIES OF ARTHROPOD‐BORNE VIRUS INFECTIONS IN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Doherty RL , Carley JG 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYSerological studies of 62 patients with clinical dengue in the 1953–55 epidemic in North Queensland demonstrated the diagnostic value of the haemagglutination‐inhibition test against Murray Valley encephalitis antigen. Two distinct patterns of response to complement‐fixation, haemagglutination‐inhibition, and neutralization tests were demonstrated, and are considered to represent first and second infections with dengue.The age distribution of antibodies suggested that about 40 p.c. of the non‐immune population of Brisbane were infected in the 1942–44 epidemic of dengue. No evidence was found of more recent dengue infection in Brisbane, but one patient from Cooktown had evidence of dengue infection between 1947 and 1953, when no epidemic was recognized.Neutralization tests demonstrated that the human immunity pattern to group B arthropodborne viruses at Brisbane, Townsville, Innisfail, the Atherton Tableland and Lockhart River Mission was due to infection with dengue, and not with MVE. However, evidence of MVE infection at Townsville since 1956 was found in fowl sera. Sera from Coen and Wrotham Park showed evidence of infection with MVE, and not with dengue.Evidence is presented that the 1925–26 and 1953–55 epidemics of dengue in Queensland were due to dengue type 1, and the 1942–44 epidemic predominantly to dengue type 2, but with some cases due to dengue 1. It was necessary to use suckling mice to determine neutralization indices in order to obtain a type‐specific response.
THE OCCURRENCE OF β‐AMINO‐ISOBUTYRIC ACID IN THE URINE OF PATIENTS WITH THALASSEMIA MAJOR
Authors: Hillcoat BL 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThree cases of thalassemia major in whom splenectomy had not been performed were found to be excreting large amounts of β‐amino‐isobutyric acid (BAIB).Two cases of thalassemia major in whom splenectomy had been performed were found to be excreting much smaller amounts of this amino‐acid.The possible significance of BAIB in thalassemia major is briefly considered.
A SURVEY FOR ANTIBODIES TO ENCEPHALOMYOCARDITIS VIRUS IN MAN AND ANIMALS
Authors: Pope JH , Scott W 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYNeutralizing antibodies to the Innisfail strain of EMC virus were present at significant levels, in one of 337 human sera collected in Queensland, and in one of 48 from Papua.Antibodies were also present, in Queensland, in 22 p.c. of water‐rats, Hydromys chrysogaster; in 5–10 p.c. of rats, Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, R. sordidus conatus and Melomys lutillus littoralis; in 2 p.c. of bandicoots, Isoodon macrourus; and in one of 44 horses. A series of mice, cats, dogs and kangaroos examined was negative.
THE AMOUNT OF PLASMA TRAPPED BY RED CELLS IN CENTRIFUGED AND SEDIMENTED BLOOD
Authors: Clark Peggy , Walsh RJ 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYAn accurate method for dividing red blood cell columns has been devised. Blood is placed in P.V.C. tubing which is sealed at one end with a glass bead. This tubing is inserted into a piece of glass tube before centrifugation, and later the contents can be frozen before the tubing is divided. The method was used to measure the amount of plasma trapped with the red blood cells. From these measurements the ratio of the true to the observed haematocrit value was found to be 0·94 at centrifugal forces greater than 1,430 g. The ratio decreased with decreasing relative centrifugal force, but variations in the haematocrit value did not alter the correction factor. The amount of plasma trapped in centrifuged and sedimented normal human blood decreased from top to bottom of the red cell columns, but the amount in different sections of the columns became more uniform as the time of centrifugation or of sedimentation increased. A blood sample with a high sedimentation rate showed a different pattern on sedimentation.
THE HAEMATOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINE
Authors: Casley‐smith JR 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYVarious haematological observations were made on Central Australian aborigines. One group contained some 30 nomadic males living under primitive conditions for most of the year. The second group consisted of about 20 males and 15 females living under urban conditions, on an almost European diet. The nomadic group's diet had a high iron content. The haemoglobin levels of a control group of Europeans in Central Australia were also measured.The haemoglobin and haematocrit values of the nomads were higher than those of the Bungalow males. Both sexes at the Bungalow did not differ significantly from European controls. The erythrocyte counts showed no significant difference between the two male groups. The haemoglobin levels of a group of 16 Europeans living at Alice Springs were almost the same as those of the Bungalow males.The M.C.V's and M.C.H's of the nomads were just greater than those of Europeans, but the Bungalow groups did not differ significantly from either the nomads or Europeans. The M.C.H.C's did not differ significantly between the groups or from European standards.Erythrocyte osmotic fragility studies showed an increase in haemolysis at ‐5N but otherwise were not significantly different from those of Europeans. The aborigines did not differ significantly among themselves.The erythrocyte sedimentation rates were quite raised in all groups of aborigines when compared with Europeans. However, the nomads’ values were less than those of the urban groups.
THE REMOVAL OF UNESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS BOUND TO ALBUMIN FROM THE PERITONEAL CAVITY OF THE RAT
Authors: Lascelles AK , Morris Bede 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe absorption of T‐1824 labelled albumin and 14C labelled unesterified fatty acid from the peritoneal cavity of the rat has been studied. It was found that labelled fatty acids were removed much more rapidly than labelled albumin. While the concentration of both total and labelled albumin in the peritoneal fluid fell progressively during the period of absorption, the concentration of total unesterified fatty acids in the peritoneal fluid rose slightly.The results suggested that unesterified fatty acids exchanged rapidly in both directions across the peritoneal serous membrane. In the case of albumin, there was a unidirectional transfer of unlabelled protein into the peritoneal cavity. The net removal of both albumin and unesterified fatty acids occurred together with the absorption of fluid through the lymphatic system.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE STAINING PROCESS IN THE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF SERUM PROTEINS BY PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: Wilkinson Gwendoline K , Wilkinson GN 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYA procedure for routine analysis of serum proteins is described, which is virtually free from factors requiring critical control in the staining process, and gives a stable linear dye‐protein relationship over a wide range of protein densities.Optimal staining is achieved only if the concentration of the dye solution and the staining time both exceed inter‐related lower limits which in combination depend on the maximum density of protein on paper for which optimal staining conditions are required. Staining for 10 minutes in a 1 p.c. solution of bromphenol blue produces optimal staining for protein densities up to 0·15 mg./cm.2Freedom from factors requiring critical control is a consequence of optimal staining conditions. A number of staining methods described in the literature are sub‐optimal and in consequence require rigid standardization to obtain reproducible results.
EQUILIBRIUM SEDIMENTATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS IN CAESIUM CHLORIDE DENSITY GRADIENTS
Authors: Barry RD 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYPreparations of standard and incomplete influenza A virus were subjected to equilibrium sedimentation in density gradients of caesium chloride solutions. Concentrated solutions of caesium chloride rapidly destroyed the infectivity of influenza virus.For standard virus preparations, the distribution of haemagglutinin in these gradients indicates that they consist largely of particles of similar density with a small class of particles of lower density. The size of this class was different in the two strains tested. The distribution of electron‐microscopically visible particles obtained for one strain corresponded to the distribution of haemagglutinin. There was no evidence that a separate class of inactive particles exists in standard preparations.The viral enzyme is uniformly distributed in the virus population.Incomplete virus preparations lack the homogeneity of standard virus preparations. As incompleteness increases, an array of particle types of variably lower density appears.
CHANGES IN POLARISATION RESISTANCE DURING THE REPOLARISATION PHASE OF THE RABBIT VENTRICULAR ACTION POTENTIAL
Authors: Johnson EA , Tille J 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe magnitude and time course of changes in polarisation resistance during the repolarisation phase of action potentials recorded from rabbit ventricular muscle have been measured with intracellular double‐barrelled microelectrodes.Action potentials from 74 fibres in 7 preparations have been examined. In all fibres, at some time during the repolarisation phase, the polarisation resistance was greater than the resting polarisation resistance. The mean maximum increase above the resting value was 1·63 (± 0·15 S.D.) times.The polarisation resistance remained constant even with large negative voltage displacements (60 mV). No evidence was found of regenerative repolarisation.
THE FUNCTION OF TOTAL DOSE IN THE PRODUCTION OF CHRONIC LETHAL LIVER DISEASE IN RATS BY PERIODIC INJECTIONS OF THE PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID, HELIOTRINE
Authors: Bull LB , Dick AT 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYGroups of young male rats were given 0·1 LD50 heliotrine intraperitoneally three times per week for seven weeks. One group was then killed for assessment of liver injury, and other groups were killed and similarly examined at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 weeks after the last injection. At each of these time intervals also one group which had been given the first course of injections and one which had not, were started on a course of injections at the same dose and frequency as the first, but injections were continued until each rat died.The mean total dose required to kill the rats was found to be the same whether it was given in one continuous course of 0·1 LD50 injections or broken into two courses with periods of 10–30 weeks between them. With increasing age, however, an increase in susceptibility of the rats to the alkaloid became apparent.Histopathological examination of the livers revealed that in the absence of further dosage beyond 2·1 LD50, the lesion continued to progress for 20 weeks, but subsequently became modified by an increasing amount of active parenchymal regeneration. The effects of the second course of injections on the lesion already existing was to increase the rate of its development; it became more chronic and further advanced at the time of death in all groups given the broken than in those given the unbroken courses. From these observations it seems that the determination of failure of liver function in the chronic liver disease is to be sought in the biochemical rather than in the morphological changes in the liver.
THE EFFECT OF AMIPHENAZOLE ON MORPHINE‐INDUCED ANALGESIA IN MICE
Authors: McKenzie JS 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe hot‐plate method has been used on mice to investigate the effect of amiphenazole on the analgesic activity of morphine. Over a range of doses of each, morphine analgesia is potentiated by amiphenazole. The phenomenon has been observed with oral, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes of administration. In addition, morphine at a dose producing only slight analgesia potentiates the mild analgesic action of amiphenazole.The effects of amiphenazole on codeine analgesia have been variable; at most, mixtures of the two drugs have shown a moderate but brief increase of analgesic effectiveness over that of the components given alone.It is suggested that the morphine‐potentiating property of amiphenazole may allow satisfactory clinical analgesia with doses of morphine less than those customary.
THE DYNAMIC RED CELL STORAGE FUNCTION OF THE SPLEEN IN SHEEP
Authors: Turner AW , Hodgetts V Elizabeth 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYChlorpromazine (0·46–0·7 mg./kg. i.v.) caused profound fall of haematocrit in sheep. Its virtual abolition by splenectomy and its inverse relationship to splenic gamma radiation surface counts in intact sheep prepared with 51Cr‐labelled red cells showed this to be due almost entirely to splenic relaxation and consequent increase of red cells held there. Plasma dilution through water shift played only a small part in the haematocrit fall Similar haematocrit fall, and its virtual abolition by splenectomy, occurred after dihydroergotamine but not after Dibenamine. Both these agents, as well as chlorpromazine, were shown to reduce the haematocrit response to adrenaline or nor‐adrenaline. Haematocrit fall also occurred after pentobarbitonum sodium at a dose sufficient to produce obvious central effects. The relative importance of ataraxis and of splenic adrenergic blocking in the haematocrit‐reducing effect of chlorpromazine in sheep could not be wholly resolved, but the central effects are probably more important. Haematocrit fall, abolished by splenectomy, was also observed after mepazine (2·3 mg./kg. i.m.). The effect after meprobamate (9·4 mg./kg.) was slight.
ANALYSIS OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY FACTORS IN A STOCK OF CLOSELY INBRED WHITE LEGHORN FOWLS USING A GRAFT‐versus‐HOST REACTION ON THE CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE
Authors: Burnet Deborth , Burnet FM 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYA study of two sublines of a closely inbred White Leghorn stock has been made using the number of foci produced after transfer of adult leucocytes to chorioallantoic membranes as an indication of the degree of genetic difference between donor and embryonic host.If minor degrees of reactivity are neglected for the time being, the results are explicable in terms of three alleles, A, B, C, at a single locus, and following clonal selection theories of immunity, on the assumption that each fowl carries leucocyte cell clones capable of reacting with antigens not present in its body.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SECRETION OF NITROGEN IN SHEEP SALIVA
Authors: Somers M 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYMeasurements were made on the distribution of nitrogen in the mixed and parotid salivary secretion of sheep and on the amount of nitrogen secreted daily in the parotid saliva.The distribution of nitrogen in the mixed saliva followed the same pattern as that in the parotid secretions obtained when the glands were in a quiescent state. The concentration of nitrogen in both fluids depended on the rate of secretion.Although the concentration of total nitrogen in the mixed and parotid saliva increased during short‐term stimulation, the pattern of nitrogen distribution was not affected. During prolonged stimulation of the parotid glands the nitrogen composition of the saliva changed.Quantitatively, urea was the most important nitrogen compound in both the mixed and parotid saliva, accounting for 60–70 p.c. of the total nitrogen.The average volume of saliva secreted daily by one parotid gland was 2380 ± 43·8 ml. and the average total nitrogen content was 295·5 ± 5·77 mg. when the nitrogen intake was 14·8 gm. per day.Some implications of the amount and nature of the nitrogen compounds in relation to the ruminal metabolism of nitrogen in sheep are discussed.