bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GAMT2 Encodes a Methyltransferase of Gibberellic Acid That is Involved in Seed Maturation and Germination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xing Shufan , Qin Genji , Shi Yan , Ma Zhiqiang , Chen Zhangliang , Gu Hongya , Qu Li‐Jia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSalicylic acid methyltransferase (SAMT), benzoic acid methyltransferase (BAMT) and theobromine methyltransferase (TH) (henceforth, SABATH) family proteins belong to a unique class of methyltransferase that can methylate small molecular compounds including indole‐3‐acidic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), in plants. Here we report that the GAMT2 protein, which has 34.2% similarity with IAMT1 in the amino acid sequence, can methylate gibberellic acid (GA). Bioinformatics analysis suggests that GAMT2 may be able to methylate one molecule larger than SA. GAMT2 is predominantly expressed in the developing seed embryo and endosperm in Arabidopsis. During seed germination, the expression of GAMT2 decreases until the cotyledons expand out of the seed coat. Overexpression of GAMT2 in Arabidopsis resulted in multiple phenotypes, including dwarfism, retarded growth, late flowering, and reduced fertility, which are similar to the phenotypes of GA‐deficient mutants. Seed germination assay showed that GAMT2 overexpression in plants was hypersensitive to GA biosynthesis inhibitor (ancymidol) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, whereas the GAMT2 null mutant (SALK_075450) was slightly insensitive to such treatments, suggesting that GAMT2 may methylate GA or ABA. Enzyme activity analysis indicated that GAMT2 was able to methylate GA3 into Methyl‐GA3in vitro, but could not methylate ABA. Microarray analysis on GAMT2 overexpression plants suggested that Methyl‐GA may be an inactive form of GA in Arabidopsis. These data suggest that GAMT2 is involved in seed maturation and germination by modulating GA activity.
Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes in Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus) and Production of Collagen in Cultured Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Influence of Insulin
Authors: Bouguerra S. Aouichat , Bourdillon M. C. , Dahmani Y. , Bekkhoucha F. 
Published: March 2007

In this report, we have shown that the standard
laboratory diet administered to Psammomys obesus
(sand rat) from Beni Abbes in Algeria, induced a
non‐insulin dependant diabetes, characterised by
increase of body weight (p<0.001) as well as
hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia.
In cultured aortic smooth muscle
cells (SMC) of sand rats, type I and type III collagen
biosynthesis and insulin effects, at low dose, on
these parameters were investigated. In all
experimental conditions of cultured SMC study, The
α chains of type I collagen were analysed by
immunoblotting in media and cells.Metabolic radiolabelling and Immunochemical
procedures revealed that, in diabetic state, synthetic
SMC (SMCs) actively produce type I and III
collagen which are synthesised in the cells and
secreted in the medium; type I collagen was
predominant as compared with type III collagen.
Diabetes enhanced the collagen synthesis. Low dose
of Insulin added to the medium, during 48h of
incubation, induced a marked reduction in the
synthesis of collagen types, especially type I
collagen.
Local Mass and Heat Transfer on a Turbine Blade Tip
Authors: Jin P. , Goldstein R. J. 
Published: March 2007

Local mass and heat transfer measurements on a simulated high‐pressure turbine blade‐tip surface are conducted in a linear cascade with a nonmoving tip endwall, using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The effects of tip clearance (0.86–6.90% of chord) are investigated at various exit Reynolds numbers (4–7 × 105) and turbulence intensities (0.2 and 12.0%).The mass transfer on the tip surface is significant along its pressure edge at the smallest tip clearance. At the two largest tip clearances, the separation bubble on the tip surface can cover the whole width of the tip on the second half of the tip surface. The average mass‐transfer rate is highest at a tip clearance of 1.72% of chord. The average mass‐transfer rate on the tip surface is four and six times as high as on the suction and the pressure surface, respectively. A high mainstream turbulence level of 12.0% reduces average mass‐transfer rates on the tip surface, while the higher mainstream Reynolds number generates higher local and average mass‐transfer rates on the tip surface.
Transverse Crack Modeling and Validation in Rotor Systems, Including Thermal Effects
Authors: Bachschmid N. , Pennacchi P. , Tanzi E. , Audebert S. 
Published: March 2007

This article describes a model that allows the simulation of the static behavior of a transverse crack in a horizontal rotor under the action of weight and other possible static loads and the dynamic behavior of cracked rotating shaft. The crack breathes—that is, the mechanism of the crack′s opening and closing is ruled by the stress on the cracked section exerted by the external loads. In a rotor, the stresses are time‐dependent and have a period equal to the period of rotation; thus, the crack periodically breathes. An original, simplified model allows cracks of various shapes to be modeled and thermal stresses to be taken into account, as they may influence the opening and closing mechanism. The proposed method was validated by using two criteria. First the crack′s breathing mechanism, simulated by the model, was compared with the results obtained by a nonlinear, threedimensional finite element model calculation, and a good agreement in the results was observed. Then the proposed model allowed the development of the equivalent cracked beam. The results of this model were compared with those obtained by the three‐dimensional finite element model. Also in this case, there was a good agreement in the results.Therefore, the proposed models of the crack and the equivalent model of the beam can be inserted into the finite element model of the beam used for the rotor′s dynamicbehavior simulation; the obtained equations have timedependent coefficients, but they can be integrated into the frequency domain by using the harmonic balance method.
Boundaries in digital planes
Authors: Khalimsky Efim , Kopperman Ralph , Meyer Paul R. 
Published: March 2007

The importance of topological connectedness properties in processing digital pictures is well known. A natural way to begin a theory for this is to give
a definition of connectedness for subsets of a digital plane which allows one
to prove a Jordan curve theorem. The generally accepted approach to this
has been a non‐topological Jordan curve theorem which requires two different definitions, 4‐connectedness, and 8‐connectedness, one for the curve and
the other for its complement.In [KKM] we introduced a purely topological context for a digital plane
and proved a Jordan curve theorem. The present paper gives a topological
proof of the non‐topological Jordan curve theorem mentioned above and
extends our previous work by considering some questions associated with
image processing:How do more complicated curves separate the digital plane into connected
sets? Conversely given a partition of the digital plane into connected sets,
what are the boundaries like and how can we recover them? Our construction
gives a unified answer to these questions.The crucial step in making our approach topological is to utilize a natural
connected topology on a finite, totally ordered set; the topologies on the
digital spaces are then just the associated product topologies. Furthermore,
this permits us to define path, arc, and curve as certain continuous functions
on such a parameter interval.
Liberal Diagnosis and Treatment of Intrauterine Infection Reduces Early‐Onset Neonatal Group BStreptococcal Infection but not Sepsis byOther Pathogens
Authors: Wolf H. , Schaap A. H. P. , Smit B. J. , Spanjaard L. , Adriaanse A. H. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: Comparison of the incidence and case fatality of early‐onset group B streptococcus sepsis
and sepsis caused by other pathogens in neonates after change of management of intrauterine
infection.Methods: All infants delivered from 1988 through 1997 at a gestational age ≥ 24 weeks with a
birth weight ≥ 500 gram without lethal congenital abnormalities were eligible for inclusion. Infants
delivered by cesarean section before the onset of labor or rupture of membranes were excluded.
During the first period (1988–1991) intrauterine infection was diagnosed by a temperature > 38℃,
during the second period (1992–1997) this diagnosis was made at a lower temperature (≥ 37.8℃)
or by fetal tachycardia ≥ 160/min. Treatment of intrauterine infection was similar during both
periods with 3 × 2 gram amoxicillin and 1 × 240 mg gentamicin every 24 hours intravenously during
labor. Prophylactic treatment during labor was only given to women with a history of an earlier
infant with early‐onset group B streptococcus sepsis.Results: During the first period 6,103 infants were included, during the second period 8,504.
Intrauterine infection was diagnosed and treated more often in the second period (7.1% vs. 2.6%).
The incidence of early‐onset group B streptococcus sepsis was significantly lower in the second
period than in the first period [0.2% vs. 0.4%; OR 0.5 (0.3–0.9)] and survival without disability
higher [80% vs. 52%; OR 4.5 (1.4–16.5)]. However, in both periods the overall incidence of neonatal
sepsis (3.6% vs. 3.5%) and overall mortality because of sepsis (14.3% vs.13.1%) were similar.Conclusions: Although the early detection of clinical signs of intrauterine infection might have
been effective for the prevention of serious sequelae of early‐onset group B streptococcus sepsis the
overall incidence and mortality from neonatal sepsis remained unchanged. Evaluation of preventive
measures for early‐onset group B streptococcus sepsis should always take the incidence of neonatal
sepsis caused by other pathogens into account. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:143–150, 2000.
Antenatal Marijuana Use Is Unrelated to SexuallyTransmitted Infections During Pregnancy
Authors: Miller Joseph M. , Goodridge Christina 
Published: March 2007

Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between marijuana use and sexually transmitted
diseases in pregnant women.Methods: A retrospective review of clinic records over a 12‐1/2 month period identified all women
entering prenatal care. Eighty‐six women using no illicit substance other than marijuana were compared to 441 drug‐free women. The prevalence of gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, human
immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B surface antigen, human papilloma virus, and herpes was ascertained.Results: No significant differences were found in the prevalence of any single sexually transmitted
disease between pregnant women who used marijuana and drug‐free pregnant women. When the presence of one or more sexually transmitted disease was considered, again no difference was
found.Conclusion: Marijuana use was not associated with sexually transmitted disease in pregnant
women. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:155–157, 2000.
A Study to Determine the Incidence and Prevalence of Newly Discovered Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection During the Prenatal Care Period
Authors: Grimes Richard M. , Srivastava Geetanjali , Helfgott Andrew W. , Eriksen Nancy L. 
Published: March 2007

Objectives:This study asked the following questions: 1) Does HIV testing in pregnancy identify women who previously were not known to be HIV positive? 2) When in pregnancy are women identified as HIV infected? 3) Does HIV seroconversion occur during the prenatal care period?Methods:Medical records of 97 women from two primarily indigent care hospitals in Houston, TX who were found to be HIV positive at delivery were reviewed to determine if they had tested positive during the prenatal care period. Demographics and time of gestation of the prenatal testing also were recorded. The outcome measures were: 1) number of women found positive during prenatal care; 2) week of gestation at discovery of HIV positivity; and 3) number of women seroconverting between the initiation of prenatal care and delivery.Results:Thirty women were known to be HIV positive prior to pregnancy. Fifty-six women were found to be positive during prenatal care and the seropositivity of 44 was discovered before the 34th week of pregnancy. Ten women were found to be positive at their first prenatal visit, which occurred after the 34th week. Date of testing was unknown for two women. Eleven women who received no prenatal care were found to be HIV positive at delivery. There were no seroconversions while women were under prenatal care.Conclusions:HIV testing at delivery did not find any HIV-positive women who had tested negative during prenatal care. Testing is very important for women who do not receive prenatal care. Making certain that high-risk women get into prenatal care also is very important. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:172–175, 2000.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in CommercialSex Workers in Japan
Authors: Ishi Kazuhisa , Suzuki Fujihiko , Saito Akira , Kubota Takeyoshi 
Published: March 2007

Objective: We used the hybrid capture assays to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus
(HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among commercial sex workers in Tokyo.Methods: Five hundred forty‐six consecutive commercial sex workers (CSW) who visited an
STD clinic for STD checkup in 1998 and 1999 were studied. A control group consisted of 233
consecutive women who visited a general gynecological clinic for annual checkup. A cervical
sample was obtained for hybrid capture assays for HPV‐A (low‐oncogenic‐risk types), HPV‐B
(intermediate‐ and high‐oncogenic‐risk types), C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae. Fisher′s exact
test was used for statistical analyses.Results: The positive rate for HPV‐B among the CSW was 48.4%, significantly higher than the
6.0% among the control subjects. The positive rates for HPV‐A, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae
were also significantly higher among the CSW than among the control subjects. Among the microorganisms
tested, the positive rate for HPV‐B was the highest in both the STD and control
groups.Conclusions: The high prevalence of HPV, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae infection in CSW
poses a risk of further transmission of STD to the general public, suggesting the need for further
education and screening for CSW and the general public. We found high‐ and intermediateoncogenic‐type HPV to be the most prevalent infection among both CSW and control subjects.
Screening for HPV may be necessary in STD and general clinics to predict the risk of cervical
malignancy. Hybrid capture assays, which permit simultaneous detection of HPV and other STD
with high sensitivity, may be a useful diagnostic method. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:235–239,
2000.
Value of Candida Polymerase Chain Reaction andVaginal Cytokine Analysis for the DifferentialDiagnosis of Women with Recurrent Vulvovaginitis
Authors: Weissenbacher Stephanie , Witkin Steven S. , Tolbert Vera , Giraldo Paulo , Linhares Iara , Haas Andrea , Weissenbacher E. Rainer , Ledger William J. 
Published: March 2007

Objectives: Recurrent vulvovaginitis remains difficult to diagnose accurately and to treat. The
present investigation evaluated the utility of testing vaginal specimens from women with symptomatic
recurrent vulvovaginitis for Candida species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for
cytokine responses.Methods: Sixty‐one consecutive symptomatic women with pruritus, erythema, and/or a thick
white discharge and a history of recurrent vulvovaginitis and 31 asymptomatic women with no such
history were studied. Vaginal swabs were tested for Candida species by PCR, for the antiinflammatory
cytokine interleukin (IL)‐10, and for the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐12.Results: C. albicans was detected in 19 (31.1%) of the patients as well as in three (9.7%) controls
(P = 0.03). Both IL‐10 (31.1% vs. 0%).and IL‐12 (42.6% vs. 6.5%) were also more prevalent in the
recurrent vulvovaginitis patients (P < 0.001). However, there was no relation between the presence
or absence of Candida and either cytokine. Detection of IL‐12 in 14 women indicated the stimulation
of a vaginal cell‐mediated immune response possibly from an infectious agent. The presence
of only IL‐10 in six patients indicated a suppression of vaginal cell‐mediated immunity and was
consistent with a possible allergic etiology. The absence of both IL‐10 and IL‐12 in other patients,
similar to that found in healthy controls, suggested a noninfectious, nonallergic etiology of their
symptoms.Conclusion: Many women with recurrent vulvovaginitis are not infected with Candida. Testing for Candida should be required in this population. Treatment with only anti‐Candida medication
will clearly be inadequate for the majority of women with this condition. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol.
8:244–247, 2000.
Survey of Obstetrician‐Gynecologists in the United StatesAbout Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Jones Jeffrey L. , Dietz Vance J. , Power Michael , Lopez Adriana , Wilson Marianna , Navin Thomas R. , Gibbs Ronald , Schulkin Jay 
Published: March 2007

Background: Although the incidence of toxoplasmosis is low in the United States, up to 6000 congenital cases
occur annually. In September 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention held a conference about
toxoplasmosis; participants recommended a survey of the toxoplasmosis‐related knowledge and practices of
obstetrician‐gynecologists and the development of professional educational materials for them.Methods: In the fall of 1999, surveys were mailed to a 2% random sample of American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) members and to a demographically representative group of ACOGmembers known as the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network (CARN). Responses were not significantly different for the random
and CARN groups for most questions (p value shown when different).Results: Among 768 US practicing ACOG members surveyed, 364 (47%) responded. Seven per cent (CARN
10%, random 5%) had diagnosed one or more case(s) of acute toxoplasmosis in the past year. Respondents were
well‐informed about how to prevent toxoplasmosis. However, only 12% (CARN 11%, random 12%) indicated
that a positive Toxoplasma IgM test might be a false–positive result, and only 11% (CARN 14%, random 9%)
were aware that the Food and Drug Administration sent an advisory to all ACOG members in 1997 stating
that some Toxoplasma IgM test kits have high false–positive rates. Most of those surveyed (CARN 70%, random
59%; X2p < 0.05) were opposed to universal screening of pregnant women.Conclusions: Many US obstetrician‐gynecologists will encounter acute toxoplasmosis during their careers, but
they are frequently uncertain about interpretation of the laboratory tests for the disease. Most would not recommend
universal screening of pregnant women.
Effect of Metronidazole on the Growth of Vaginal Lactobacilli in vitro
Authors: Simoes Jose A. , Aroutcheva Alla A. , Shott Susan , Faro Sebastian 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To determine whether metronidazole has an adverse effect on the growth of Lactobacillus.Methods: Hydrogen peroxide‐ and bacteriocin‐producing strains of Lactobacillus were used as test strains.
Concentrations of metronidazole used ranged from 128 to 7000 μg/ml. Susceptibility to metronidazole was conducted
by the broth microdilution method recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.Results: Growth of Lactobacillus was partially inhibited at concentrations between 1000 and 4000 μg/ml
(p = 0.014). Concentrations ≥ 5000 μg/ml completely inhibited growth of Lactobacillus. Concentrations between
128 and 256 μg/ml stimulated growth of Lactobacillus (p = 0.025 and 0.005, respectively). Concentrations of
metronidazole between 64 and 128 μg/ml or ≥ 512 μg/ml did not have an inhibitory or a stimulatory effect on the growth of Lactobacillus compared to the control.Conclusions: High concentration of metronidazole, i.e. between 1000 and 4000 μg/ml, partially inhibited the
growth of Lactobacillus. Concentrations ≥ 5000 μg/ml completely suppressed the growth of Lactobacillus.
Concentrations between ≥ 128 and ≤ 256 μg/ml stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus. Further investigation to
determine the ideal concentration of metronidazole is needed in order to use the antimicrobial agent effectively in
the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Group F Streptococcal Bacteremia Complicating a Bartholin′s Abscess
Authors: DeAngelo Alan J. , Dooley David P. , Skidmore Peter J. , Kopecky Craig T. 
Published: March 2007

Background: Group F streptococci are Gram‐positive cocci typically isolated from wound infections and abscesses. Bacteremia with group F streptococcus is uncommon, and the lower gynecologic tract has not been reported as a source. We report a case of a Bartholin′s abscess leading to group F streptococcal bacteremia.Case: A 31‐year‐old female noted fever and rigors 30 min after manipulation of a 3‐day‐old vulvar abscess. An empty Bartholin′s gland abscess was found on examination, and blood cultures grew β‐hemolytic group F streptococci. The patient was treated with ampicillin/sulbactam, symptoms improved, and follow‐up blood cultures revealed no growth.Conclusion: Group F streptococci are known to inhabit various body sites and have a predilection for forming abscesses; however, bacteremia is infrequent. They have occasionally been identified in true infections of the genitourinary tract but only very rarely in Bartholin′s abscesses. This case of group F streptococcal bacteremia following self‐drainage of a Bartholin′s abscess constitutes the first such description in the medical literature.
Acyclovir Suppression to Prevent Clinical Recurrences at Delivery After First Episode Genital Herpes in Pregnancy: An Open‐Label Trial
Authors: Scott L. Laurie , Hollier Lisa M. , McIntire Donald , Sanchez Pablo J. , Jackson Gregory L. , Wendel George D. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To continue evaluation of the use of acyclovir suppression in late pregnancy after first episode genital
herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, using an open‐label study design.Methods: Ninety‐six women diagnosed with genital herpes for the first time in the index pregnancy were prescribed
suppressive acyclovir 400 mg orally three times daily from 36 weeks until delivery in an open‐label fashion.
Herpes cultures were obtained when patients presented for delivery. Vaginal delivery was permitted if no clinical
recurrence was present; otherwise a Cesarean delivery was performed. NeonatalHSV cultures were obtained and
infants were followed clinically. Rates of clinical and asymptomatic genital herpes recurrences and Cesarean
delivery for genital herpes were measured, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results: In 82 patients (85%) compliant with therapy, only 1% had clinical HSV recurrences at delivery. In an intent
to treat analysis of the entire cohort, 4% had clinical recurrences (compared with 18–37% in historical controls).
Asymptomatic shedding occurred in 1% of women without lesions at delivery. Two of the four clinical recurrences
were HSV‐culture positive. No significant maternal or fetal side‐effects were observed.Conclusions: In clinical practice the majority of patients are compliant with acyclovir suppression at term. The
therapy appears to be effective at reducing clinical recurrences after a first episode of genital herpes complicating a
pregnancy.