bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Footprints Disclose Specificity of Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gadjev Ilya , Vanderauwera Sandy , Gechev Tsanko S. , Laloi Christophe , Minkov Ivan N. , Shulaev Vladimir , Apel Klaus , Inzé Dirk , Mittler Ron , Van Breusegem Frank 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key players in the regulation of plant development, stress responses, and programmed cell death. Previous studies indicated that depending on the type of ROS (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, or singlet oxygen) or its subcellular production site (plastidic, cytosolic, peroxisomal, or apoplastic), a different physiological, biochemical, and molecular response is provoked. We used transcriptome data generated from ROS-related microarray experiments to assess the specificity of ROS-driven transcript expression. Data sets obtained by exogenous application of oxidative stress-causing agents (methyl viologen, Alternaria alternata toxin, 3-aminotriazole, and ozone) and from a mutant (fluorescent) and transgenic plants, in which the activity of an individual antioxidant enzyme was perturbed (catalase, cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase, and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase), were compared. In total, the abundance of nearly 26,000 transcripts of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was monitored in response to different ROS. Overall, 8,056, 5,312, and 3,925 transcripts showed at least a 3-, 4-, or 5-fold change in expression, respectively. In addition to marker transcripts that were specifically regulated by hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, or singlet oxygen, several transcripts were identified as general oxidative stress response markers because their steady-state levels were at least 5-fold elevated in most experiments. We also assessed the expression characteristics of all annotated transcription factors and inferred new candidate regulatory transcripts that could be responsible for orchestrating the specific transcriptomic signatures triggered by different ROS. Our analysis provides a framework that will assist future efforts to address the impact of ROS signals within environmental stress conditions and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the oxidative stress response in plants.
Description of Myxobolus bulbocordis sp. nov. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) from the heart of Barbus sharpeyi(Günther) and histopathological changes produced by the parasite
Authors: Masoumian M , Baska F , Malnár K 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA new myxosporean, Myxobolus bulbocordis sp. nov., has been found in the heart of a Mesopotamian fish, Barbus sharpeyi (Günther), in rivers in Southwest Iran. Cysts containing matured spores were located on the serosa of the atrium cordis, bulbus arteriosus, larger gill arteries and inside the wall of the bulbus. The species showed an affinity to connective tissue cells and was never associated with the muscles. Mature cysts were surrounded by a connective tissue capsule composed of two to three layers. Spores in disrupted cysts were infiltrated by epithelioid cells and macrophages. The spores found in Barbus sharpeyi differed in size and morphology from species known from other barbels.
Alcohol‐soluble components in soybeans cause morphological changes in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: van den Ingh T S G A M , Olli J J , Krogdahl Å 
Published: April 2006

AbstractStandard soybean meal, heat treated to differing degrees and containing varying levels of soybean lectin and trypsin inhibitor, was used to study the effect of soybean‐containing diets on the morphology of the distal intestine in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. A reference diet based on fish meal and a fish meal diet mixed with an alcohol extract of soybean meal were used. The fish (145 g) were kept in 27 m3 net pens (200 fish per pen) in sea water with an average temperature of 11 °C for 12 weeks. Whereas a normal morphology of the distal intestine was seen in the fish fed the reference diet, all soybean diets caused alterations in the distal intestine irrespective of heat treatment. Similar changes were observed with the diet which had added alcohol solubles. It is concluded that alcohol‐soluble components in the soybeans are responsible for the observed changes. It cannot be determined which of the soybean antinutrients is causing the alterations from the present study. Oligosaccharides and saponines are possible candidates. However, the possibility that unknown antinutrients are affecting the salmon intestine should not be overlooked.
Lagenidium callinectes (Couch, 1942) infection and its control in cultured larval Indian tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon Fabricius
Authors: Ramasamy P , Rajan P R , Jayakumar R , Rani S , Brennan G P 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA mycosis in larval tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, is described for the first time from India. The hyphae of Lagenidium callinectes are contorted, irregularly branched, sparingly septate, and contain a cell wall and membrane, vacuoles, mito chondria, ribosomes, small and large vesicles, and Woronin bodies. The spores occur singly or in pairs. The fungal mycelium may either invade and embed itself in the tissues, or alternatively, replace all the muscle tissues of the infected larval P. monodon. Fungus infected, untreated populations of nauplii, zoea and myksis exhibited mortalities of 5.33 ± 0.55%, 24.68 ± 4.58% and 47.89 ± 0.27%, respectively. A 0.5 ppm treatment with trifluralin significantly reduced the mortality of infected larval populations (i.e. 1.1% nauplii, 3.28% zoea and 5.21% myksis mortality). Lagenidium sp. exhibited growth in potato dextrose agar medium and in Sabouraud's agar at 28 °C.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody against the 47‐ kDa antigen of Cryptobia salmositica Katz and its use in an antigen‐capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of parasite antigen in infected rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)
Authors: Verity C K , Woo P T K 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (designated MAb‐007) was produced against the pathogenic haemoflagellate Cryptobia salmositica Katz. This IgG3 antibody recognized the 47‐kDa antigenic polypeptide of C. salmositica (SDS‐PAGE and Western immuno‐blotting). The antibody did not agglutinate live parasites, and there was no change in the staining intensity of the 47‐kDa band on Western immunoblots after immunoabsorption of MAb‐007 with live intact parasites. The 47‐kDa antigen recognized by MAb‐007 was localized in the cytoplasm of the parasite (immunogold labelling and electron microscopy). The monoclonal antibody cross‐ reacted with the 47‐kDa polypeptides of C. bullocki Srrout and C. catostomi Bower & Woo. It was used in an antigen‐capture ELISA for the detection of parasite antigen in the plasma of rainbow trout inoculated with the parasite, or with an attenuated vaccine strain of C. salmositica. All pre‐infection plasma were negative while all infected fish with detectable parasitaemias were positive for antigen at 1–9 weeks after infection. Parasite antigen was even detected in vaccinated fish that were negative for parasites using the wet mount microscopic technique. The antigen‐capture ELISA detected C, salmositica antigen in whole cell lysate preparations at concentrations as low as 0.5 μg ml‐1. Fifty microlitres of fish plasma was required in the antigen‐capture ELISA, and the use of a plate reader and 96‐well plates facilitated rapid analysis of a large number of plasma samples. The sensitivity of the assay makes it a potentially useful tool for detection of Cryptobia infections.
The histopathology of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., exposed to microcystins by gavage, immersion and intraperitoneal administration
Authors: Carbis C R , Rawlin G T , Mitchell G F , Anderson J W , McCauley I 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCarp liver, gills, intestine, kidneys, heart and spleen were studied by histology after the fish were exposed to microcystins by gavage, immersion and intraperitoneal administration. Intraperitoneal inoculation with microcystins caused necrosis or dose‐ dependent degeneration in the liver, gills and kidneys. Gavaging with microcystins caused changes in the histopathology of the liver and gills. Cellular degeneration and necrosis occurred in the liver, gills and kidneys when carp were introduced to a tank containing 1.7 μg ml−1 of microcystins. Lesions were not observed in the heart, spleen or intestines from any of the treated carp. Microcystins administered by intraperitoneal injection at a concentration of 50 μg kg−1 were lethal to all fish within 8 h, while gavaging with 250 μg kg−1 of microcystins caused minimal damage in the tissues studied.
Histopathology of experimental Streptococcus sp. infection in tilapia, Oroochromis niloticus (L.), and channel catfish, Ictafurus punctatus (Ratinesque)
Authors: Chang P H , Plumb J A 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), were experimentally infected by immersion with three isolates (Lake, DL8O5 and MS91452) of Streptococcus sp. from diseased fish. To enhance infection, the lateral body surface of each fish was scraped prior to bacterial exposure. The Lake and DL8O5 isolates caused exophthalmia, ocular opacity and ocular haemorrhage in some tilapia. Histopathology of these fish revealed; meningitis; polyserositis of heart, liver, spleen, ovary and kidney; splenitis; ovaritis; and myocarditis. Isolate MS91452 induced only mild granulomas in spleen, kidney and ovary of tilapia. The Lake and DL8O5 isolates induced endophthalitis, Channel catfish infected with the Lake and DL805 isolates developed similar eye lesions to tilapia. Histologic lesions caused by all three isolates in channel catfish consisted of meningoencephalitis, mild myocarditis, splenitis and ovaritis, but these lesions were not as severe as in Nile tilapia.
Comparison of passive and active immunization of fish against streptococcosis (enterococcosis)
Authors: Akhlaghi M , Munday B L , Whittington R J 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPassive immunization of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was carried out to determine the persistence of anti‐Streptococcus sp. antibodies (ASA) raised in sheep, rabbits or rainbow trout. The protection afforded by passive immunization was compared with the protection obtained from active immunization by immersion in or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with formalin‐killed cells. Assessments were undertaken concurrently for up to 3 months post‐immunization (PI) to evaluate the practical potential of passive immunization. Passively administered sheep and rabbit antibodies were detected in fish sera by enzyme‐linked immunosorbcnt assay for more than 60 days after i.p. injection. Fish responded immunologically to these antibodies and the highest humoral responses to sheep and rabbit ASA occurred at 2 months PI. The relative per cent survival (RPS) of rainbow trout challenged with virulent Streptococcus sp. after an i.p. injection (0.1 ml 100 g−1 fish body weight) of sheep, rabbit or fish ASA was: 88.8, 50 and 0% after 1 month; 33.3, 6.8 and 6.8% after 2 months; and 13.3, 0 and 6.6% after 3 months PI, respectively. Fish immunized actively had an RPS of 88.8 and 11.1% after 1 month, 38.1 and 4.7% after 2 months, and 36 and 0% after 3 months PI for the i.p. injection and immersion routes, respectively.
Necrotic myositis in cage cultured rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), caused by Flexibacter psychrophilus
Authors: Lumsden J S , Ostland V E , Ferguson H W 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA severe necrotic myositis characterized by large intramuscular bullae was identified in 100–500 g rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), maintained in freshwater netpens. Mortality increased as the temperature decreased, with mortality rates peaking at 10% per month. Flexibacter psychrophilus was recovered from the muscle lesions and kidneys of affected fish. The gross and histological description of the disease, and the phenotypic characteristics of the causative agent are described. The necrotic myositis isolate was utilized to experimentally reproduce the disease.
Biological characterization of a monoclonal antibody against a surface membrane antigen on Cryptobia salmositica Katz, 1951
Authors: Feng S , Woo P T K 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (IgG 1) (designated as MAb‐001) was produced against the pathogenic haemoflagellate Cryptobia salmontica Katz. The antibody agglutinated live parasites under in vitro conditions. Live C. salmositica, incubated with MAb‐001 at 10 °C, did not multiply and were dead within 4 weeks in culture. About 50% of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), inoculated intraperhoneally with C. salmositica, incubated in MAb‐001 prior to inoculation, did not become infected, while in adult rainbow trout, the peak parasitaemia was reduced. These results indicate that MAb‐001 is a protective monoclonal antibody and the antigen it recognizes is located on rhe surface membrane of C. salmositica. The antibody also inhibits multiplication and affects viability of the parasite under in vitro conditions.
The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding GCAT from Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida
Authors: Nerland A H 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding GCAT (glycerophospholipid: cholesterol acetyltransferase) in Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida has been determined. The sequence revealed an open reading frame of 1005 bp encoding 335 amino acids, an 18‐amino‐acid signal peptide and a 317‐amino‐acid mature polypeptide with a deduced molecular mass of 35 380 Da and an estimated pI of 6.25. Within the encoding region, the homology with the corresponding gene fromAeromonas hydrophila was 92.9% for the nucleotide sequence and 93.7% for the deduced amino acid sequence.
Sleeping disease and pancreas disease: comparative histopathology and acquired cross‐protection
Authors: Boucher P , Laurencin F Baudin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSleeping disease (SD), a disease of freshwater‐reared rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was histologically compared to pancreas disease (PD), a disease of sea water‐reared Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Some weeks after injection of kidney homogenates from SD‐ or PD‐affected fish in rainbow trout, the fish successively developed pancreatic, heart and muscular lesions in both populations, although the SD‐injected population was the most affected. An acquired protection was observed against PD and SD after an initial injection with PD‐ or SD‐infective material. This acquired cross‐protection and the similar histopathologies in PD and SD suggest the two diseases could be caused by a similar or identical agent.
Distribution of genetic variation within and among local populations of Arabidopsis thaliana over its species range
Authors: BAKKER E. G. , STAHL E. A. , TOOMAJIAN C. , NORDBORG M. , KREITMAN M. , BERGELSON J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA detailed description of local population structure in Arabidopsis thaliana is presented, including an assessment of the genetic relatedness of individuals collected from the same field. A hierarchical sample of four individuals from 37 local populations, including North America, England, Eastern and Western Europe, and Asia, and a selection of ecotypes, were analysed for variation in Adh, ChiA, FAH1, F3H, Rpm1, Rps5, and five microsatellite loci. Twenty‐eight of the 37 population samples contained individuals with identical multilocus haplotypes, 12 of which were fixed for a single haplotype. These monomorphic populations were evenly distributed over the species range. Only in North America did we find a single multilocus haplotype shared among different populations, perhaps indicating a continental founder event. Despite the occurrence of local inbreeding, a considerable amount of genetic variation was found segregating within and among local populations. A novel analysis of haplotype differences reveals that genetic differentiation occurs at every geographic scale in A. thaliana, where we find a surprising under‐representation of recent migrants between local populations. This leads us to hypothesize that most dispersal between A. thaliana populations is by pollen rather than seed. Based on the structure of A. thaliana populations, it appears that regional groups of local populations may provide the most appropriate genetic material for linkage disequilibrium mapping of adaptive traits.
Identification and functional analysis of a prokaryotic‐type aspartate aminotransferase: implications for plant amino acid metabolism
Authors: de la Torre Fernando , Santis Laura De , Suárez María Fernanda , Crespillo Remedios , Cánovas Francisco M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn this paper, we report the identification of genes from pine (PpAAT), Arabidopsis (AtAAT) and rice (OsAAT) encoding a novel class of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT, EC 2.6.1.1) in plants. The enzyme is unrelated to other eukaryotic AATs from plants and animals but similar to bacterial enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this prokaryotic‐type AAT is closely related to cyanobacterial enzymes, suggesting it might have an endosymbiotic origin. Interestingly, most of the essential residues involved in the interaction with the substrate and the attachment of pyridoxal phosphate cofactor in the active site of the enzyme were conserved in the deduced polypeptide. The polypeptide is processed in planta to a mature subunit of 45 kDa that is immunologically distinct from the cytosolic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isoforms of AAT previously characterized in plants. Functional expression of PpAAT sequences in Escherichia coli showed that the processed precursor is assembled into a catalytically active homodimeric holoenzyme that is strictly specific for aspartate. These atypical genes are predominantly expressed in green tissues of pine, Arabidopsis and rice, suggesting a key role of this AAT in nitrogen metabolism associated with photosynthetic activity. Moreover, immunological analyses revealed that the plant prokaryotic‐type AAT is a nuclear‐encoded chloroplast protein. This implies that two plastidic AAT co‐exist in plants: a eukaryotic type previously characterized and the prokaryotic type described here. The respective roles of these two enzymes in plant amino acid metabolism are discussed.
A specific transporter for iron(III)–phytosiderophore in barley roots
Authors: Murata Yoshiko , Ma Jian Feng , Yamaji Naoki , Ueno Daisei , Nomoto Kyosuke , Iwashita Takashi 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIron acquisition of graminaceous plants is characterized by the synthesis and secretion of the iron‐chelating phytosiderophore, mugineic acid (MA), and by a specific uptake system for iron(III)–phytosiderophore complexes. We identified a gene specifically encoding an iron–phytosiderophore transporter (HvYS1) in barley, which is the most tolerant species to iron deficiency among graminaceous plants. HvYS1 was predicted to encode a polypeptide of 678 amino acids and to have 72.7% identity with ZmYS1, a first protein identified as an iron(III)–phytosiderophore transporter in maize. Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis showed that the HvYS1 gene was mainly expressed in the roots, and its expression was enhanced under iron deficiency. In situ hybridization analysis of iron‐deficient barley roots revealed that the mRNA of HvYS1 was localized in epidermal root cells. Furthermore, immunohistological staining with anti‐HvYS1 polyclonal antibody showed the same localization as the mRNA. HvYS1 functionally complemented yeast strains defective in iron uptake on media containing iron(III)–MA, but not iron–nicotianamine (NA). Expression of HvYS1 in Xenopus oocytes showed strict specificity for both metals and ligands: HvYS1 transports only iron(III) chelated with phytosiderophore. The localization and substrate specificity of HvYS1 is different from those of ZmYS1, indicating that HvYS1 is a specific transporter for iron(III)–phytosiderophore involved in primary iron acquisition from soil in barley roots.
Recent developments in the treatment of adult atopic dermatitis
Authors: Pua Vernon SC , Barnetson Ross StC 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYAtopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition with increasing incidence in recent decades. The mainstay of treatment has been the combination of emollients and topical corticosteroids, with the addition of systemic therapies in severe cases. New drugs such as the topical calcineurin inhibitors have shown promise in treating mild‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis. Other novel therapies that have been reported in the literature include leukotriene antagonists, monoclonal antibodies such as infliximab, leflunomide, recombinant interferon gamma and intravenous immunoglobulin. This review will focus on the treatment of adult atopic dermatitis.
Retrospective analysis of adult patients with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Authors: Tai Yee J , Chong Alvin H , Williams Richard A , Cumming Simon , Kelly Robert I 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYA retrospective analysis was conducted on 93 adult patients with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis from St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne to determine the classification, aetiology, severity and prognosis of this population of patients. We developed a new classification system for the purposes of our study based on modifications to the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference definitions for vasculitic syndromes. The results of our study indicate that an obvious cause was not found in 44.1% of patients. Of the patients with secondary vasculitis, the commonest causes were drugs and infections, accounting for a total of 40.9% of patients. Extracutaneous involvement was found in 39.8% of patients. Patients with symptoms resolving in less than 3 months accounted for 59.1% of the population, whereas 24.8% of patients had either symptoms lasting three or more months or evidence of recurrent symptomatology. There were 6 deaths (6.91%) and the rest were lost to follow up. The majority of patients in this retrospective series were classified as having hypersensitivity vasculitis, which is a relatively benign disorder limited mostly to skin with a low incidence of extracutaneous involvement (15.8%). Nevertheless, evidence of systemic involvement or sepsis need to be excluded as this may have important implications for patient treatment and outcome.
One‐fifth of basal cell carcinomas have a morphoeic or partly morphoeic histology: Implications for treatment
Authors: Burdon‐Jones David , Thomas Peter W 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYA retrospective analysis of the histopathology reports for all first or single basal cell carcinomas (1567) surgically treated over a 13‐year period, was undertaken. Basal cell carcinomas classified by standard skin pathology nomenclature were divided into three groups: purely morphoeic basal cell carcinomas, partly morphoeic basal cell carcinomas and non‐morphoeic basal cell carcinomas. A morphoeic or partly morphoeic histology was reported in 21.8% of basal cell carcinomas, particularly on the head and neck and in those over the age of 64 years. This percentage may increase further as patients live longer, and has important implications for treatment selection.