bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer risk in U.S. blacks and whites with a family history of cancer
Authors: Hayes Richard B. , Liff Jonathan M , Pottern Linda M. , Greenberg Raymond S. , Schoenberg Janet B. , Schwartz Ann G. , Swanson G. Marie , Silverman Debra T. , Brown Linda Morris , Hoover Robert N. , Fralmeni Joseph F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractProstate cancer occurs more frequently in U.S. blacks than whites. A population‐based case‐control study which investigated the association with family history of cancer was carried out among 981 men (479 black, 502 white) with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer, diagnosed between August 1, 1986, and April 30, 1989, and 1,315 controls (594 black, 721 white). Study subjects, aged 40–79, resided in Atlanta, Detroit, and 10 counties in New Jersey, geographic areas covered by population‐based cancer registries. Prostate cancer risk was significantly elevated among those who reported a history of prostate cancer in first‐degree relatives (O.R. = 3.2; 95% C.I.: 2.0–5.0), with blacks and whites having similarly elevated risks. These risks were unchanged by statistical adjustment for job‐related socio‐economic status, education, income, and marital status. Overall, the ORs associated with history of prostate cancer in fathers and brothers were 2.5 (95% C.I.: 1.5–4.2) and 5.3 (95% C.I.: 2.3–12.5), respectively. Risks associated with a family history of prostate cancer were consistently elevated among younger and older subjects. Only small non‐significant excesses of prostate cancer risk were associated with a family history of breast, colorectal, or other cancers. While familial occurrence is a key risk factor for prostate cancer and likely to be genetically based, the similar familial risks among blacks and whites suggest that the ethnic disparity in incidence is influenced by environmental factors. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic characterization of the human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 E2 gene in clinical specimens suggests the presence of a subtype with decreased oncogenic potential
Authors: Hecht Julia L. , Kadish Anna S. , Jiang Gang , Burk Robert D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHPV 18 is associated with 2 divergent phenotypes: (i) aggressive cervical cancer and a preponderance of cancer relative to cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and (ii) benign warty lesions of the cervix. The E2 gene of HPV 18 encodes a regulatory protein that represses viral oncogene transcription and is involved in viral replication. Variation within the E2 gene of HPV 18 and its correlation with the morphologic grade of associated lesions were analyzed in a sample of 20 HPV 18‐positive cervical specimens representing a spectrum of pathology from low‐grade CIN to cervical cancer. An amplifiable HPV 18 E2 gene was present in 3 of 5 cancers, indicating that E2 disruption was not required for cancer development. Single‐strand conformation polymorphism and PCR analyses revealed a high degree of polymorphism throughout the E2 gene. Direct DNA sequencing of both strands of a 154‐bp fragment revealed a variability of 5.8%. Six intra‐epithelial lesions contained alterations in common that account for 3.9% of the variation and appear to constitute a subtype. Within the 154‐bp region, 2 of 3 cervical cancers and 0 of 12 intra‐epithelial lesions were identical to the published HPV 18 sequence. DNA sequence analysis of a region extending into the E5 open reading frame revealed deletions in the E2/E5 intragenic region that were present in 50% of the members of the subtype. Our data demonstrate significant sequence variation within the E2 gene and suggest the presence of an HPV 18 subtype with decreased oncogenic potential. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA ploidy and clonal selection in ras + myc – Induced mouse prostate cancer
Authors: Greene D. R. , Taylor S. R. , Aihara M. , Yoshida K. , Egawa S. , Park S. H. , Timme T. L. , Yang G. , Scardino P. T. , Thompson T. C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn important goal in prostate cancer research is to define specific molecular and cellular alterations that are associated with malignant progression. The mouse prostate reconstitution model is a relevant and useful system as it allows the study of early events in cancer progression under conditions where oncogene‐initiated cells are surrounded by normal tissue. Using this model, activated ras and myc oncogenes are introduced into urogenital sinus cells via the recombinant retrovirus Zipras/myc 9. After 4 weeks' growth as subcapsular renal grafts, poorly differentiated carcinomas are produced in C57BL/6 mice. In this study we examined the temporal relationships between morphological alterations, growth, DNA ploidy status and clonal selection as determined by Southern blotting in ras + myc‐initiated carcinomas. Nuclear image analysis demonstrated that the emergence of a cycling DNA tetraploid cell population strongly correlated with growth and histologic progression. These tightly linked events culminated in the outgrowth of mono‐ or oligoclonal cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptosis in colorectal tumour cells: Induction by the short chain fatty acids butyrate, propionate and acetate and by the bile salt deoxycholate
Authors: Hague Angela , Elder Douglas J. E. , Hicks Diane J. , Paraskeva Christos 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe short chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced when dietary fibre is fermented by the colonic bacteria. We have previously shown that sodium butyrate induces apoptosis in 3 colorectal tumour cell lines. We have extended our study to 3 adenoma and 4 carcinoma cell lines and investigated whether propionate and acetate also induce apoptosis. All 3 short chain fatty acids induced apoptosis at physiological concentrations, but of the 3, butyrate was the most effective. Since these fatty acids are produced as a result of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre, this may in part explain the correlation between a high‐fibre diet and low colorectal cancer incidence. Sodium butyrate induced apoptosis in all 7 of the cell lines studied; however, 2 of the 4 carcinoma cell lines (PC/JW/F1 and S/KS/F1) were more resistant to butyrate‐induced apoptosis than the 3 adenoma cell lines, suggesting that at least some carcinomas may evolve mechanisms to protect the cells from the induction of apoptosis. The bile acid deoxycholic acid has previously been reported as a possible tumour promoter in the large intestine and its levels are reduced by dietary fibre. Concentrations of between 10 nM and 0.1 mM had no effect on either the proliferation or apoptosis of colonic tumour cells in vitro. However, a significant induction of apoptosis was obtained at a concentration of 0.5 mM. These results may have significance for the aetiology of colorectal cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of platelets on invasiveness and protease production of human mammary tumor cells
Authors: Belloc Catherine , Lu He , Soria Claudine , Fridman Rafael , Legrand Yves , Menashi Suzanne 
Published: September 2008

AbstractInteraction of tumor cells with platelets facilitates metastasis of tumor cells. It has been proposed that platelets protect tumor cells against the host's immune defense and enhance tumor‐cell extravasation. In the present work we show that platelets increase the invasiveness of 3 mammalian cell lines (MCF‐7, ZR‐51 and MDA‐MB231) through extracellular matrix, and propose this as an additional mechanism by which platelets facilitate metastasis. Since gelatinase and urokinase have both been implicated in degradation of the extracellular matrix and cell migration, and therefore in tumor invasion, we have also analyzed whether the interaction of platelets with tumor cells can modify the secretion of these proteases by tumor cells. MDA‐MB231, which was the most invasive cell line among the 3 tested and was the most potent in inducing platelet aggregation, secreted the highest level of urokinase and was the only one in which gelatinase was detected. While platelets had no significant effect on the urokinase activity expressed by these cells, they induced in MDA‐MB231 an important increase in the secretion of gelatinase, which can be reproduced by both platelet membrane and platelet releasate of activated platelets. This increase in gelatinase could be responsible, at least in part, for the increased invasiveness of these cells, since added TIMP‐1 significantly reduced the number of cells which traversed matrigel. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Six‐week postpartum maternal depressive symptoms and 4‐month mother–infant self‐ and interactive contingency
Authors: Beebe Beatrice , Jaffe Joseph , Buck Karen , Chen Henian , Cohen Patricia , Feldstein Stanley , Andrews Howard 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAssociations of 6‐week maternal depressive symptoms [Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D)] with 4‐month mother–infant self‐ and interactive contingency patterns during face‐to‐face play were investigated in 132 dyads. Self‐ and interactive contingency (auto‐ and lagged cross‐correlation, respectively) were assessed by multilevel time‐series analysis. Infant and mother gaze, facial and vocal affect, touch, and spatial orientation behaviors were coded second‐by‐second from split‐screen videotape, and a multimodal measure of facial–visual “engagement” was constructed, generating nine modality pairings. With higher CES‐D, the self‐contingency of both partners was lowered in most modalities. With higher CES‐D, interactive contingency values were both heightened (in some modalities) and lowered (in others), varying by partner. These results are consistent with an optimal midrange model. With higher CES‐D, interactive contingency showed the following patterns: (a) Mothers and their infants had a reciprocal orientational sensitivity; (b) mothers and infants manifested a reciprocal intermodal discordance in attention versus affect coordination, lowering gaze coordination, but heightening affective coordination; (c) infants heightened, but mothers lowered, touch coordination with partner touch—an “infant approach–mother withdraw” touch pattern. Nonlinear analyses indicated that altered self‐ and interactive contingency were similar at both the low (“denial”) as well as the high (“endorsement”) poles of depressive symptoms, in half the findings. These complex, multimodal findings define different aspects of communication disturbance, with relevance for therapeutic intervention.
Prospectus of growing barley and mustard with saline groundwater irrigation in fine‐ and coarse‐textured soils of Cholistan desert
Authors: Kahlown Muhammad Akram , Akram Muhammad , Soomro Zamir Ahmed , Kemper W. D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe groundwater in Pakistani sandy deserts is generally highly saline and not suitable for drinking. However, it can be utilized for growing beneficial salt‐tolerant plants. To explore the potential of desert land for farm production two crops of barley and mustard were cultivated on coarse‐ and fine‐textured soils with saline water irrigations in the Cholistan desert. The salinity (electrical conductivity, EC) of irrigation water was 6.2 dS m−1. The barley and mustard crops were irrigated five and four times, respectively, including pre‐sowing irrigation. At the end of crop maturity, as a result of saline water irrigation the soil infiltration was reduced by an average of 7.0%. The EC and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of the experimental plots were increased by 2.2 dS m−1 and 9.0, respectively. The average yield of barley and mustard was 264 and 177 kg ha−1 respectively. It was concluded that production of barley and mustard crops could be increased further by better levelling the plots, reducing level differences to less than 10 cm. The saline water should be used carefully to irrigate fine‐textured soils to keep the salinity within the safe limit to avoid permanent failure of crop growth and yield. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Butyl benzyl phthalate: effects on immune responses to ovalbumin in mice
Authors: Dearman Rebecca Jane , Betts Catherine Jean , Beresford Lorna , Bailey Laura , Caddick Helen Theresa , Kimber Ian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDuring recent decades the prevalence of IgE‐mediated (atopic) allergic diseases in Western Europe and the USA has been increasing dramatically. It has been suggested that one possible cause is the presence in the environment of chemicals that may act as adjuvants, enhancing immune and allergic responses. Certain commonly used phthalate plasticizers such as butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) have been implicated in this way. In the current experiments, the impact of BBP, applied by a physiologically relevant exposure route, on the vigour of immune responses induced in BALB/c strain mice has been examined. Mice were immunized via subcutaneous injection with the reference allergen ovalbumin (OVA) and received concurrent topical treatment with doses of BBP that induced significant changes in liver weight. The generation of specific anti‐OVA IgE and IgG1 antibodies was measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and by enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assays, respectively. Topical administration of BBP was without impact on anti‐OVA IgE antibody responses, regardless of whether BBP was applied locally or distant to the site of OVA immunization. However, same‐site treatment with high‐dose BBP (100 mg) did result in a modest elevation in anti‐OVA IgG1 antibody production, a subclass of antibody used as a surrogate marker of IgE responses. Taken together with human exposure data, these results suggest that the doses of phthalate encountered in the home environment are unlikely to be a major factor contributing to the increased incidence of asthma and allergy in the developed world. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
mrtl—A translation/localization regulatory protein encoded within the human c‐myc locus and distributed throughout the endoplasmic and nucleoplasmic reticular network
Authors: Choi Hyoungsoo , Jackson Nateka L. , Shaw Denise R. , Emanuel Peter D. , Liu Y. Lucy , Tousson Albert , Meng Zheng , Blume Scott W. 
Published: September 2008

Abstractmrtl (myc‐related translation/localization regulatory factor) is a previously uncharacterized protein synthesized from the first open reading frame contained within the human c‐myc P0 transcript, ∼800 nucleotides upstream of the Myc coding sequence. The mrtl protein, 114 amino acids in length, is projected to contain an N‐terminal transmembrane domain and a highly charged C‐terminal interaction domain with homology to numerous RNA‐binding proteins. Using monoclonal antibodies raised against the hydrophilic C‐terminal domain, endogenous mrtl was visualized in human breast tumor cell lines and primary mammary epithelial cells at the nuclear envelope and contiguous endoplasmic/nucleoplasmic reticulum. mrtl colocalizes and coimmunoprecipitates with translation initiation factor eIF2α and the 40S ribosomal protein RACK1, and appears capable of binding specifically to the c‐myc RNA. Inducible ectopic overexpression of wild‐type mrtl interferes with the function of endogenous mrtl, which results in loss of Myc from the nucleus. Furthermore, treatment of cells with a peptide derived from the C‐terminal domain displaces endogenous mrtl and causes a dramatic reduction in total cellular Myc protein levels. Together with our previous work demonstrating complete loss of tumorigenicity in association with ectopic expression of the c‐myc P0 5′‐UTR (containing the mrtl coding sequence), these results suggest that mrtl may serve an important function in regulating Myc translation and localization to the nucleus, perhaps ultimately contributing to the role of the c‐myc locus in oncogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 1092–1108, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2‐methoxyestradiol‐induced cell death in osteosarcoma cells is preceded by cell cycle arrest
Authors: Maran Avudaiappan , Shogren Kristen L. , Benedikt Michaela , Sarkar Gobinda , Turner Russell T. , Yaszemski Michael J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe article to which this erratum refers was published in J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1937–1945, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformational transitions of cyclic D,L‐peptides
Authors: Okamoto Hajime , Yamada Tetsuo , Kihara Shuichiro , Takechi Kazumasa , Takagi Hiroyuki , Takeda Kyozaburo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractConformational transitions of cyclic D,L‐hexapeptides have been studied by first‐principles calculations. Geometry optimizations for 20 types of homoresidue cyclic D,L‐hexapeptide revealed that the cyclic peptides have two types of energetically stable backbone (extended (E) and bound (B) types); and for each type, the amino acid side chains have two orientations (equatorial and axial). Among the four types of isomer [E‐type equatorial (Eeq), B‐type equatorial (Beq), E‐type axial (Eax), and B‐type axial (Bax)], Bax is the energetically most preferred by most of the 20 encoded amino acid residues, whereas Eax is the least preferred. A search for transition states indicated that six types of conformational transition are possible between the isomers of the cyclic peptide, i.e., the backbone–backbone conversions (Eeq‐Beq and Eax‐Bax transitions), the side chain–side chain conversions (Eeq‐Eax and Beq‐Bax transitions), and the simultaneous conversions of the backbone and the side‐chain orientation (Eeq‐Bax and Eax‐Beq transitions). All the six transitions proceed with the breaking of the high molecular symmetry (S6) and go through the triangular (C3) intermediate structure with either equatorial or axial side‐chain orientation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Molecular dynamics with restrictions derived from optical spectra
Authors: Kaminský Jakub , ŠEbek Jiří , Bouř Petr 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe information about molecular structure coded in the optical spectra must often be deciphered by complicated computational procedures. A combination of spectral modeling with the molecular dynamic simulations makes the process simpler, by implicit accounting for the inhomogeneous band broadening and Boltzmann averaging of many conformations. Ideally, geometries of studied systems can be deduced by a direct confrontation of such modeling with the experiment. In this work, the comparison is enhanced by restrictions to molecular dynamics propagations based on the Raman and Raman optical activity spectra. The methodology is introduced and tested on model systems comprising idealized H2O2, H2O3 molecules, and the alanine zwitterion. An additional gradient term based on the spectral overlap smoothed by Fourier transformation is constructed and added to the molecular energy during the molecular dynamics run. For systems with one prevalent conformation the method did allow to enrich the Boltzmann ensemble by a spectroscopically favored structure. For systems with multiconformational equilibria families preferential conformations can be selected. An alternative algorithm based on the comparison of the averaged spectra with the reference enabling iterative updates of the conformer probabilities provided even more distinct distributions in shorter times. It also accounts for multiconformer equilibria and provided realistic spectra and conformer distribution for the alanine. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Morphological alterations of radicular dentine pretreated with different irrigating solutions and irradiated with 980‐nm diode laser
Authors: Alfredo Edson , Souza‐Gabriel Aline E. , Silva Silvio Rocha C. , Sousa‐Neto Manoel D. , Brugnera‐Junior Aldo , Silva‐Sousa Yara T.C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground: The topographical features of intraradicular dentine pretreated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) followed by diode laser irradiation have not yet been determined. Purpose: To evaluate the alterations of dentine irradiated with 980‐nm diode laser at different parameters after the surface treatment with NaOCl and EDTA. Study design: Roots of 60 canines were biomechanically prepared and irrigated with NaOCl or EDTA. Groups were divided according to the laser parameters: 1.5 W/CW; 1.5 W/100 Hz; 3.0 W/CW; 3.0 W/100 Hz and no irradiation (control). The roots were splited longitudinally and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in a quali‐quatitative way. The scores were submitted to two‐way Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's tests. Results: The statistical analysis demonstrated that the specimens treated only with NaOCl or EDTA (control groups) were statistically different (P < 0.05) from the laser‐irradiated specimens, regardless of the parameter setting. The specimens treated with NaOCl showed a laser‐modified surface with smear layer, fissures, and no visible tubules. Those treated with EDTA and irradiated by laser presented absence of smear layer, tubules partially exposed and melting areas. Conclusions: The tested parameters of 980‐nm diode laser promoted similar alterations on dentine morphology, dependent to the type of surface pretreatment. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of glycosaminoglycans in vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral vector‐mediated gene transfer into airway epithelial cells
Authors: Copreni Elena , Castellani Stefano , Palmieri Lucia , Penzo Marianna , Conese Massimo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe involvement of surface molecules in HIV‐1‐derived lentivirus (LV)‐mediated transduction of airway epithelial cells has not been studied so far. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in gene transfer mediated by a third generation vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV‐G) pseudotyped LV vector in an in vitro model of polarized airway epithelial cells.MethodsHuman bronchial (16HBE‐S1) and tracheal (CFT1‐C2) epithelial cells were grown either on plastic or on filters and transduced with the LV vector polypurine tract (PPT)‐green fluoresecent protein (GFP). Zonula Occludens (ZO)‐1, a marker of tight junction, and GAG localization were assessed by cytofluorimetry and confocal microscopy. Soluble GAGs and removal of cell surface GAGs were used to affect LV‐mediated transduction.ResultsExtensive optimization of experimental parameters (presence of polybrene during the infection, the incubation time in the presence of LV particles, period of time intercurring between infection and gene expression analysis) was carried out in plastic‐adherent cells. Polybrene resulted to be cytotoxic and was not further used. In CFT1‐C2 polarized cells, EGTA treatment determined a 20% decrease in transepithelial resistance, a diminished ZO‐1 localization at the tight junction location and a 31% increase in GFP positive cells. Heparane sulfate was distributed evenly on the cell surface. Heparin and soluble chondroitin sulfate A and B inhibited LV‐mediated transduction in a dose‐dependent fashion. These results were confirmed upon enzymatic removal of GAGs from the cell surface.ConclusionsTaken together, these results show that GAGs are involved in VSV‐G LV transduction of airway epithelial cells. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of a radioiodinated thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor and its preliminary evaluation as a potential SPECT tracer for angiogenic enzyme expression
Authors: Takahashi Masayuki , Seki Koh‐ichi , Nishijima Ken‐ichi , Zhao Songji , Kuge Yuji , Tamaki Nagara , Ohkura Kazue 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is strongly associated with angiogenesis in tumors and activation of antitumor agents. We designed a novel 5‐125I‐labeled 6‐(2‐iminoimidazolidinyl)methyluracil hydrochloride ([125I]5I6IMU‐HCl) to develop an effective radiotracer for in vivo assessment of TP expression in tumors and prognosis of cancer chemotherapy. Radiotracer synthesis was achieved by radioiodination of the precursor, 6‐(2‐iminoimidazolidinyl)methyluracil at the C‐5 position with NCS/radioiodide. After purification by HPLC, [125I]5I6IMU‐HCl was obtained in high radiochemical yield with satisfactory specific activity. The radiotracer showed high inhibitory potency for the target enzyme and good stability in vivo. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.