bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet light blocking optically clear adhesives for foldable displays via highly efficient visible-light curing
Authors: Kwon Yonghwan , Lee Seokju , Kim Junkyu , Jun Jinwon , Jeon Woojin , Park Youngjoo , Kim Hyun-Joong , Gierschner Johannes , Lee Jaesang , Kim Youngdo , Kwon Min Sang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn developing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panel for a foldable smartphone (specifically, a color filter on encapsulation) aimed at reducing power consumption, the use of a new optically clear adhesive (OCA) that blocks UV light was crucial. However, the incorporation of a UV-blocking agent within the OCA presented a challenge, as it restricted the traditional UV-curing methods commonly used in the manufacturing process. Although a visible-light curing technique for producing UV-blocking OCA was proposed, its slow curing speed posed a barrier to commercialization. Our study introduces a highly efficient photo-initiating system (PIS) for the rapid production of UV-blocking OCAs utilizing visible light. We have carefully selected the photocatalyst (PC) to minimize electron and energy transfer to UV-blocking agents and have chosen co-initiators that allow for faster electron transfer and more rapid PC regeneration compared to previously established amine-based co-initiators. This advancement enabled a tenfold increase in the production speed of UV-blocking OCAs, while maintaining their essential protective, transparent, and flexible properties. When applied to OLED devices, this OCA demonstrated UV protection, suggesting its potential for broader application in the safeguarding of various smart devices.
Pianno: a probabilistic framework automating semantic annotation for spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Zhou Yuqiu , He Wei , Hou Weizhen , Zhu Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpatial transcriptomics has revolutionized the study of gene expression within tissues, while preserving spatial context. However, annotating spatial spots’ biological identity remains a challenge. To tackle this, we introduce Pianno, a Bayesian framework automating structural semantics annotation based on marker genes. Comprehensive evaluations underscore Pianno’s remarkable prowess in precisely annotating a wide array of spatial semantics, ranging from diverse anatomical structures to intricate tumor microenvironments, as well as in estimating cell type distributions, across data generated from various spatial transcriptomics platforms. Furthermore, Pianno, in conjunction with clustering approaches, uncovers a region- and species-specific excitatory neuron subtype in the deep layer 3 of the human neocortex, shedding light on cellular evolution in the human neocortex. Overall, Pianno equips researchers with a robust and efficient tool for annotating diverse biological structures, offering new perspectives on spatial transcriptomics data.
Umpolung reactivity of strained C–C σ-bonds without transition-metal catalysis
Authors: Bai Dachang , Guo Xiuli , Wang Xinghua , Xu Wenjie , Cheng Ruoshi , Wei Donghui , Lan Yu , Chang Junbiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUmpolung is an old and important concept in organic chemistry, which significantly expands the chemical space and provides unique structures. While, previous research focused on carbonyls or imine derivatives, the umpolung reactivity of polarized C–C σ-bonds still needs to explore. Herein, we report an umpolung reaction of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with electron-deficient alkenes to construct the C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond at the electrophilic position of C–C σ-bonds in BCBs without any transition-metal catalysis. Specifically, this transformation relies on the strain-release driven bridging σ-bonds in bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs), which are emerged as ene components, providing an efficient and straightforward synthesis route of various functionalized cyclobutenes and conjugated dienes, respectively. The synthetic utilities of this protocol are performed by several transformations. Preliminary mechanistic studies including density functional theory (DFT) calculation support the concerted Alder-ene type process of C–C σ-bond cleavage with hydrogen transfer. This work extends the umpolung reaction to C–C σ-bonds and provides high-value structural motifs.
An all-in-one tetrazine reagent for cysteine-selective labeling and bioorthogonal activable prodrug construction
Authors: He Xinyu , Li Jie , Liang Xinxin , Mao Wuyu , Deng Xinglong , Qin Meng , Su Hao , Wu Haoxing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe prodrug design strategy offers a potent solution for improving therapeutic index and expanding drug targets. However, current prodrug activation designs are mainly responsive to endogenous stimuli, resulting in unintended drug release and systemic toxicity. In this study, we introduce 3-vinyl-6-oxymethyl-tetrazine (voTz) as an all-in-one reagent for modular preparation of tetrazine-caged prodrugs and chemoselective labeling peptides to produce bioorthogonal activable peptide-prodrug conjugates. These stable prodrugs can selectively bind to target cells, facilitating cellular uptake. Subsequent bioorthogonal cleavage reactions trigger prodrug activation, significantly boosting potency against tumor cells while maintaining exceptional off-target safety for normal cells. In vivo studies demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of this prodrug design approach. Given the broad applicability of functional groups and labeling versatility with voTz, we foresee that this strategy will offer a versatile solution to enhance the therapeutic range of cytotoxic agents and facilitate the development of bioorthogonal activatable biopharmaceuticals and biomaterials.
Trialkoxysilane-Induced Iridium-Catalyzed para-Selective C–H Bond Borylation of Arenes
Authors: Ju Guodong , Huang Zhibin , Zhao Yingsheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn ideal approach for the construction of aryl boron compounds is to selectively replace a C–H bond in arenes with a C–B bond, and controlling regioselectivity is one of the most challenging aspects of these transformations. Herein, we report an iridium-catalyzed trialkoxysilane protecting group-assisted regioselective C–H borylation of arenes, including derivatives of benzaldehydes, acetophenones, benzoic acids, benzyl alcohols, phenols, aryl silanes, benzyl silanes, and multi-functionalized aromatic rings are all well tolerated and gave the para -selective C–H borylation products in a short time without the requirement of inert gases atmosphere. The site-selective C–H borylation can be adjustable by installing the developed trialkoxysilane protecting group on different functional groups on one aromatic ring. Importantly, the preparation process of the trialkoxychlorosilane is efficient and scalable. Mechanistic and computational studies reveal that the steric hindrance of the trialkoxysilane protecting group plays a key role in dictating the para-selectivity.
PARP2 promotes Break Induced Replication-mediated telomere fragility in response to replication stress
Authors: Muoio Daniela , Laspata Natalie , Dannenberg Rachel L. , Curry Caroline , Darkoa-Larbi Simone , Hedglin Mark , Uttam Shikhar , Fouquerel Elise 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPARP2 is a DNA-dependent ADP-ribosyl transferase (ARTs) enzyme with Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity that is triggered by DNA breaks. It plays a role in the Base Excision Repair pathway, where it has overlapping functions with PARP1. However, additional roles for PARP2 have emerged in the response of cells to replication stress. In this study, we demonstrate that PARP2 promotes replication stress-induced telomere fragility and prevents telomere loss following chronic induction of oxidative DNA lesions and BLM helicase depletion. Telomere fragility results from the activity of the break-induced replication pathway (BIR). During this process, PARP2 promotes DNA end resection, strand invasion and BIR-dependent mitotic DNA synthesis by orchestrating POLD3 recruitment and activity. Our study has identified a role for PARP2 in the response to replication stress. This finding may lead to the development of therapeutic approaches that target DNA-dependent ART enzymes, particularly in cancer cells with high levels of replication stress.
Verifying the security of a continuous variable quantum communication protocol via quantum metrology
Authors: Conlon Lorcán O. , Shajilal Biveen , Walsh Angus , Zhao Jie , Janousek Jiri , Lam Ping Koy , Assad Syed M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractQuantum mechanics offers the possibility of unconditionally secure communication between multiple remote parties. Security proofs for such protocols typically rely on bounding the capacity of the quantum channel in use. In a similar manner, Cramér-Rao bounds in quantum metrology place limits on how much information can be extracted from a given quantum state about some unknown parameters of interest. In this work we establish a connection between these two areas. We first demonstrate a three-party sensing protocol, where the attainable precision is dependent on how many parties work together. This protocol is then mapped to a secure access protocol, where only by working together can the parties gain access to some high security asset. Finally, we map the same task to a communication protocol where we demonstrate that a higher mutual information can be achieved when the parties work collaboratively compared to any party working in isolation.
Fostering inclusion in EEG measures of pediatric brain activity
Authors: Adams Eryn J. , Scott Molly E. , Amarante Melina , Ramírez Chanel A. , Rowley Stephanie J. , Noble Kimberly G. , Troller-Renfree Sonya V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe past two decades have seen a rapid increase in neuroscientific evidence being used to characterize how contextual, structural, and societal factors shape cognition and school readiness. Measures of functional brain activity are increasingly viewed as markers of child development and biomarkers that could be employed to track the impact of interventions. While electroencephalography (EEG) provides a promising tool to understand educational inequities, traditional EEG data acquisition is commonly limited in some racial and ethnic groups due to hair types and styles. This ultimately constitutes unintentional systemic racism by disproportionately excluding participants from certain racial and ethnic groups from participation and representation in neuroscience research. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of how cultural considerations surrounding hair density, texture, and styling consistently skew samples to be less representative by disproportionately excluding Black and Latinx participants. We also provide recommendations and materials to promote best practices.
Climbing fibers provide essential instructive signals for associative learning
Authors: Silva N. Tatiana , Ramírez-Buriticá Jorge , Pritchett Dominique L. , Carey Megan R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSupervised learning depends on instructive signals that shape the output of neural circuits to support learned changes in behavior. Climbing fiber (CF) inputs to the cerebellar cortex represent one of the strongest candidates in the vertebrate brain for conveying neural instructive signals. However, recent studies have shown that Purkinje cell stimulation can also drive cerebellar learning and the relative importance of these two neuron types in providing instructive signals for cerebellum-dependent behaviors remains unresolved. In the present study we used cell-type-specific perturbations of various cerebellar circuit elements to systematically evaluate their contributions to delay eyeblink conditioning in mice. Our findings reveal that, although optogenetic stimulation of either CFs or Purkinje cells can drive learning under some conditions, even subtle reductions in CF signaling completely block learning to natural stimuli. We conclude that CFs and corresponding Purkinje cell complex spike events provide essential instructive signals for associative cerebellar learning.
South American Archaeological Isotopic Database, a regional-scale multi-isotope data compendium for research
Authors: Pezo-Lanfranco Luis , Mut Patricia , Chávez Juan , Fossile Thiago , Colonese André Carlo , Fernandes Ricardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe South American Archaeological Isotopic Database (SAAID) is a comprehensive open-access resource that aggregates all available bioarchaeological stable and radiogenic isotope measurements, encompassing data from human individuals, animals, and plants across South America. Resulting from a collaborative effort of scholars who work with stable isotopes in this region, SAAID contains 53,781 isotopic measurements across 24,507 entries from individuals/specimens spanning over 12,000 years. SAAID includes valuable contextual information on archaeological samples and respective sites, such as chronology, geographical region, biome, and spatial coordinates, biological details like estimated sex and age for human individuals, and taxonomic description for fauna and flora. SAAID is hosted at the PACHAMAMA community within the Pandora data platform and the CORA repository to facilitate easy access. Because of its rich data structure, SAAID is particularly well-suited for conducting spatiotemporal meta-analyses. It serves as a valuable tool for addressing a variety of research topics, including the spread, adoption, and consumption intensification of food items, paleo-environmental reconstruction, as well as the exploration of mobility patterns across extensive geographic regions.
The antihyperglycemic potential of pyrazolobenzothiazine 1, 1-dioxide novel derivative in mice using integrated molecular pharmacological approach
Authors: Taj Saman , Ashfaq Usman Ali , Ahmad Matloob , Noor Hasnat , Ikram Ayesha , Ahmed Rashid , Tariq Muhammad , Masoud Muhammad Shareef , Hasan Anwarul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels caused by inadequate insulin production, which subsequently leads to hyperglycemia. This study was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of pyrazolobenzothiazine derivatives in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. Molecular docking of pyrazolobenzothiazine derivatives was performed against α-glucosidase and α-amylase and compounds were selected based on docking score, bonding interactions and low root mean square deviation (RMSD). Enzyme inhibition assay against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was performed in vitro using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) and starch substrate. Synthetic compound pyrazolobenzothiazine (S1) exhibited minimal conformational changes during the 100 ns MD simulation run. S1 also revealed effective IC50 values for α-glucosidase (3.91 µM) and α-amylase (8.89 µM) and an enzyme kinetic study showed low ki (− 0.186 µM, − 1.267 µM) and ki′ (− 0.691 µM, − 1.78 µM) values with the competitive type of inhibition for both enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. Moreover, studies were conducted to check the effect of the synthetic compound in a mouse model. A low necrosis rate was observed in the liver, kidney, and pancreas through histology analysis performed on mice. Compound S1 also exhibited a good biochemical profile with lower sugar level (110–115 mg/dL), increased insulin level (25–30 μM/L), and low level of cholesterol (85 mg/dL) and creatinine (0.6 mg/dL) in blood. The treated mice group also exhibited a low % of glycated haemoglobin (3%). This study concludes that S1 is a new antidiabetic-agent that helps lower blood glucose levels and minimizes the complications associated with type-II diabetes.
Comparative study on numerical simulation of temperature field of farm house with different roof forms
Authors: Pan Zhichao , Zhao Wenjuan , Wang Haidong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the issue of energy consumption in farm buildings has received much attention. The roofs of farm buildings in Northwest China have a variety of roof forms. This paper presents the implementation of first fully confirmed the indoor thermal environment of different roof construction was significantly effected by periodic thermogenesis. In order to determine the indoor temperature distribution of the farmhouse in summer in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, we provided the heat transfer coefficient data of the farmhouse envelope, also detailed in the manuscript. Model of Thermal Mass Transport enables fast and accurately simulates the indoor temperature distribution of farmhouses with different roof forms on the same day, taking into account the climate zone of the region. This is despite the phase delay time of indoor temperatures for different roof forms caused by periodic initial temperature boundaries ranged from 1.55 to 2.78$$\text{h}$$
h
, and the phase delay angle ranged from 23.25$$^{\circ }$$

∘

to 41.7$$^{\circ }$$

∘

. Extensive simulated results revealed individual variability in the role of roof form, demonstrating indoor temperatures in farmhouses corresponding to different climatic zones. In addition, by analyzing and discussing the indoor temperature phase delay angle and delay time for each type of roof forms, statistical results identified the advantages of Non-equal-sloped roof as a local farmhouse roof.
Chronic phase advances reduces recognition memory and increases vascular cognitive dementia-like impairments in aged mice
Authors: Liu Jennifer A. , Bumgarner Jacob R. , Walker William H. , Meléndez-Fernández O. Hecmarie , Walton James C. , DeVries A. Courtney , Nelson Randy J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDisrupted or atypical light–dark cycles disrupts synchronization of endogenous circadian clocks to the external environment; extensive circadian rhythm desynchrony promotes adverse health outcomes. Previous studies suggest that disrupted circadian rhythms promote neuroinflammation and neuronal damage post-ischemia in otherwise healthy mice, however, few studies to date have evaluated these health risks with aging. Because most strokes occur in aged individuals, we sought to identify whether, in addition to being a risk factor for poor ischemic outcome, circadian rhythm disruption can increase risk for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). We hypothesized that repeated 6 h phase advances (chronic jet lag; CJL) for 8 weeks alters cerebrovascular architecture leading to increased cognitive impairments in aged mice. Female CJL mice displayed impaired spatial processing during a spontaneous alternation task and reduced acquisition during auditory-cued associative learning. Male CJL mice displayed impaired retention of the auditory-cued associative learning task 24 h following acquisition. CJL increased vascular tortuosity in the isocortex, associated with increased risk for vascular disease. These results demonstrate that CJL increased sex-specific cognitive impairments coinciding with structural changes to vasculature in the brain. We highlight that CJL may accelerate aged-related functional decline and could be a crucial target against disease progression.
Graphical user interface-based convolutional neural network models for detecting nasopalatine duct cysts using panoramic radiography
Authors: Ito Kotaro , Hirahara Naohisa , Muraoka Hirotaka , Sawada Eri , Tokunaga Satoshi , Komatsu Tomohiro , Kaneda Takashi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNasopalatine duct cysts are difficult to detect on panoramic radiographs due to obstructive shadows and are often overlooked. Therefore, sensitive detection using panoramic radiography is clinically important. This study aimed to create a trained model to detect nasopalatine duct cysts from panoramic radiographs in a graphical user interface-based environment. This study was conducted on panoramic radiographs and CT images of 115 patients with nasopalatine duct cysts. As controls, 230 age- and sex-matched patients without cysts were selected from the same database. The 345 pre-processed panoramic radiographs were divided into 216 training data sets, 54 validation data sets, and 75 test data sets. Deep learning was performed for 400 epochs using pretrained-LeNet and pretrained-VGG16 as the convolutional neural networks to classify the cysts. The deep learning system's accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity using LeNet and VGG16 were calculated. LeNet and VGG16 showed an accuracy rate of 85.3% and 88.0%, respectively. A simple deep learning method using a graphical user interface-based Windows machine was able to create a trained model to detect nasopalatine duct cysts from panoramic radiographs, and may be used to prevent such cysts being overlooked during imaging.
Genetic improvement of Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) for high yield and fiber quality properties under semi arid conditions
Authors: Lamlom Sobhi F. , Yehia W. M. B. , Kotb H. M. K. , Abdelghany Ahmed M. , Shah Adnan Noor , Salama Ehab A. A. , Abdelhamid Mohamed M. A. , Abdelsalam Nader R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBetween 2016 and 2018, the Agriculture Research Center's Sakha Agriculture Research Station conducted two rounds of pedigree selection on a segregating population of cotton (Gossypium barbadenseL.) using the F2, F3, and F4generations resulting from crossing Giza 94 and Suvin. In 2016, the top 5% of plants from the F2population were selected based on specific criteria. The superior families from the F3generation were then selected to produce the F4families in 2017, which were grown in the 2018 summer season in single plant progeny rows and bulk experiments with a randomized complete block design of three replications. Over time, most traits showed increased mean values in the population, with the F2generation having higher Genotypic Coefficient of Variance (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variance (PCV) values compared to the succeeding generations for the studied traits. The magnitude of GCV and PCV in the F3and F4generations was similar, indicating that genotype had played a greater role than the environment. Moreover, the mean values of heritability in the broad sense increased from generation to generation. Selection criteria I2, I4, and I5 were effective in improving most of the yield and its component traits, while selection criterion I1 was efficient in improving earliness traits. Most of the yield and its component traits showed a positive and significant correlation with each other, highlighting their importance in cotton yield. This suggests that selecting to improveone or more of these traits would improve the others. Families number 9, 13, 19, 20, and 21 were the best genotypes for relevant yield characters, surpassing the better parent, check variety, and giving the best values for most characters. Therefore, the breeder could continue to use these families in further generations as breeding genotypes to develop varieties with high yields and its components.