bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient approach for finding all solutions based on submatrix estimation
Authors: Kinoshita Hidetoshi , Asai Hideki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFinding all solutions based on the piecewise‐linear search is one of the steadiest methods to solve the nonlinear equation. A feature of the method is that the local convergence problem is not involved. On the other hand, the number of region searches required even for a smallscale problem is tremendous.This paper proposes an efficient method for finding all solutions, restricting the problem to the anlayis of bipolar circuits. Based on the range of values that each variable can take and the liearity of the equation, the solution candidate regions are restricted by evaluating the existence possibility of the solution for each of the multiple subset variables. the submatrix is considered and the size is varied, and the efficiency of the solution search is improved by testing a large number of linear regions at the same time.The proposed method works especially effectively when the signal propagation in the circuit has a directivity or the subcircuits have high independencies. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown through actual compution exemples.
An adaptive algorthm based on nonuniform resolution filter
Authors: Naito Yukihiro , Tokuda Keiichi , Keneko Mineo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecently, in acoustic and audio engineering where wideband signals are handled, it has become required to realize a large‐scale adaptive filter by small computational complexity. This paper proposes an efficient adaptive filter, based on the time‐frequency characteristics of the impulse response of the unknown system.First, the filter structure is shown which can extract the time‐frequency characterstics of the impulse response of the unknown system. Then a nonuniform resolution filter is proposed which can represent the impulse response in the time‐frequency domain with a nonuniform resolution by allocating a small number of tap coefficients. an adaptive algorithm based on the proposed filter structure is derived. Finally, it is shown by a simulation that the computational complexity can be reduced by the proposed method when the unknown system has a nonuniform structrue in the time‐frequency domain.
Relationships between physical traits and subjective impressions of faces ‐ age and gender information
Authors: Yamaguchi Masami K. , Kato Takashi , Akamatsu Shigeru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article presents two studies investigating the relationships between physical measurements and psychological judgments of human faces. The first study is concerned with gender and age classification, the second with femininity‐masculinity and childlike‐adultlike judgments of Japanese faces. The results indicate that (1) faces can be accurately classified into age categories based on physical measurements, (2) whereas age classification depends on the global information of a face, gender classification depends on its local information and (3) the femininity‐masculinity judgment of male faces tends to be made on the basis of age information. The authors relate these results to the processing of KANSEI‐information of, or subjective feelings about, a biological stimulus.
Adaptability of K‐L expansion technique for ambiguous face image retrieval
Authors: Oda Masaomi , Akamatsu Sigeru , Fukamachi Hideo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSome facial images are not necessarily clear images in the human brain. However, it can be easily judged whether a face matches the image in our mind; this is true even when the drawing or the expression of the target image is difficult to comprehend. This is because even if the image cannot be imagined like a picture, it does exist. the authors have proposed a system with which a retriever can retrieve an ambiguous target image from an image database. the system's retrieval efficiency and ease‐of‐retrieval were clarified by experiments using line‐drawn facial images. In this paper, the system is extended to photographs of faces. the most difficult problem in treating photographs is determining the retrieval key. One consideration is to add the subjective impressions or features of physical figures as keywords for each image data. Regardless of the method, however, significant manpower is necessary. the K‐L expansion technique is used here, which has been verified as effective for face identification, and expect to need only a small amount of manpower. This paper investigates whether the technique can also be useful in ambiguous image retrieval.
Color coordinate supporting system with navigating state of user's mind
Authors: Yagyu Tomohiko , Hisamori Yosihiko , Yagi Yasushi , Yachida Masahiko 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA Color Coordinate Supporting System is proposed for detecting color coordination that matches a current state of user's mind from the design database through communication between a user and a computer. First, the user selects a few keywords, and the system extracts the initial candidates of color coordination from the design database that corresponds to the keywords. Next, these initial candidates are narrowed down to candidates adapting to the state of the user's mind. the user can com‐municate his candidate's preference to the computer. This result is recorded in the user's personal database, which then reference. Finally, the most favorite design is decided by Pair Comparisons. In Pair Comparison, the system changes the balance of color coordination with the user's preference database. Thus, the user can retrieve his/her most favorite design.
Realization of 3‐D adaptive separable‐denominator state‐space filters suitable for parallel processing
Authors: Muneyasu Mitsuji , Ishizaki Naoya , Hinamoto Takao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper introduces the parallel processing into the separable‐denominator 3‐D adaptive state‐space filter, and discusses a realization method which is suited to the high‐speed processing. the LMS (least‐mean‐square) algorithm is used as the adaptive algorithm, and the parallel processing‐oriented structure of the separable‐denominator 3‐D filter is used as the filter model.The parallel processing‐oriented structure of the 3‐D adaptive state‐space filter is obtained by extending the adaptive algorithm of the 2‐D state‐space adaptive filter to the above 3‐D structure. the proposed algorithm is evaluated in this paper in terms of the time required for the filtering and the coefficient update, as well as the number of multipliers (adders). Finally, the proposed adaptive filter is applied to the design of the 3‐D state‐space digital filter, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated.
Two‐phase controlled switched‐capacitor inductance simulation circuits using one second‐generation current conveyor (CC II)
Authors: Ono Toshio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecently, second‐generation current conveyors (CC II) have been used widely in various analog circuits to simplify the circuits and to develop new circuits. However, there have been few reports on the application of CC to element level switched capacitor (SC) simulation.This paper reports the development of an SC inductance simulation circuit using CC II, which is one of the complex cases of element level SC simulation. the proposed circuit uses one CC II active element and is operated by a two‐phase clock. the circuit has a smaller number of switches, capacitors, spread of capacitor values, and sum of capacitor values compared to the previously reported two‐phase controlled circuits using a single operational amplifier or a voltage follower; and the circuit configuration also is simpler. Moreover, its basic operation is confirmed by discrete components and the effect of parasitic capacitance is described.
Fundamental theory of natural observation method with complete reconstruction property by finite sum‐natural observation theory of normal type
Authors: Iijima Taizo , Iwaki Mamoru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA theory of natural observation methods was originally formulated for two complementary systems: neighboring type and equilibrium type. This paper introduces a new system, normal‐type system, that is different from the forementioned two types. One characteristic feature of the normal‐type natural observation method is its ability to reconstruct an original waveform from the sum of a finite number of observation values. the natural observation theory of a normal type evolves naturally under the condition that a waveform and its power component can be expressed in the sum form. These meanings are discussed by comparing a frequency response of the normal‐type natural observation transform with that of a conventional filter bank. Further more, a criterion for determining observation parameters in order to realize the natural observation of normal type under a given tolerance of error is described. It is believed that the proposed theory offers new insights into systematization of the natural observation theory.
Adaptive spectrum estimation considering the time variation in analysis intervals
Authors: Nakagaki Atsushi , Shibata Koji , Miyanaga Yoshikazu , Tochinai Koji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn spectrum estimation of nonstationnary signals, the modeling of time‐varying characteristics and the parameter estimation of the model are important. Several adaptive estimation methods such as the recursive least‐squares (RLS) method are often used for parameter estimation of time‐varying models. However, the RLS method becomes less efficient for rapidly time‐varying models because this method assumes short‐time stationarity. This paper proposes an adaptive estimation method of time‐varying parameters modeled as linear combinations of a set of basis functions. In this method, linear or exponential time functions. In this method, linear or exponential time functions are employed as basis functions. This algorithm is relaized by the RLS algorithm with a rectangular window and a procedure that shifts basis functions. In some experiments, the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional method with short‐time stationarity assumed.
Quasi‐synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) with binary shift‐register sequences
Authors: Kuno Seiji , Yamazato Takaya , Katayama Masaaki , Ogawa Akira 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the quasi‐synchronous code‐division multiple access system (QS‐CDMA), where the time error in the synchronized access is allowed for a certain range, based on the spread‐spectrum communication technique. the Gold sequence and the M sequence, which are the binary shift‐register sequences, are used to derive the set of quasi‐synchronous spread sequences (QS‐sequence) considering the auto‐ and cross‐correlation characteristics, realizing a wide tolerable range for the timing error.The QS‐CDMA system using such QS‐sequence is investigated, and the effectiveness is examined. As a result, it is seen that the performance is improved greatly by using the QS‐sequence presented in this paper, compared to the asynchronous CDMA system. It is shown also that the tolerable range for the access timing error is enlarged compared to the synchronous CDMA system.
Two‐dimensional neural hybrid filters using adaptive windows and layered median filters
Authors: Muneyasu Mitsuji , Maeda Takahiro , Hinamoto Takao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new 2‐D neural hybrid filter tha combines a layered median filter with adaptive‐window linear filters is described. the filter can eliminate both impulsive and Gaussian noise and has good edge preservation characteristics, owing in particular to the 3‐point layered median filter design. the size of the adaptive windows is maximized in regions where the neighboring pixel values differ relatively little from that at the working point. the design yields effective noise removal without edge degradation, and learning by the neural network allows the filter to adapt to image characteristics.
Field investigation on rilling in the experimental Sparacia area, South Italy
Authors: Bruno Carmelo , Stefano Costanza Di , Ferro Vito 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper the results of a field investigation on rilling carried out in the experimental Sparacia area are reported.The measurements were made on a plot 6 m wide and 22 m long subjected to natural rainfalls. For ten rainfalls the total soil loss (interrill and rill erosion) was collected in a storage system consisting of two tanks arranged in series at the base of the plot. Rill morphology (rill length and cross‐sections) was measured for five rainfall events, while the rill profile was surveyed for three events.First the contribution of each component (rill and interrill erosion) to total soil loss was established. Then the analysis allowed establishment of a power relationship between the rill length and the rill volume. Finally, for three events detailed information on rill erosion and rill morphology allowed verification of the applicability of WEPP and estimation of the rill erodibility constant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitric oxide‐induced apoptosis in cultured rat astrocytes: Protection by edaravone, a radical scavenger
Authors: Kawasaki Toshiyuki , Kitao Tatsuya , Nakagawa Katsuhiro , Fujisaki Hiroko , Takegawa Yoshimi , Koda Ken , Ago Yukio , Baba Akemichi , Matsuda Toshio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNitric oxide induces apoptosis‐like cell death in cultured astrocytes, but the exact mechanism is not known. This study further characterized the mechanism of nitric oxide‐induced cytotoxicity, and examined the effect of edaravone, a radical scavenger, on cytotoxicity. Treatment of cultured rat astrocytes with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide donor, for 72 h, decreased cell viability by causing apoptosis‐like cell death. The injury was accompanied by increases in the production of reactive oxygen species and in the level of nuclear apoptosis‐inducing factor, but not in caspase activity. SNP‐induced cytotoxicity was blocked by the c‐jun N‐terminal protein kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 (20 μM), the p38 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor SB203580 (20 μM), and the extracellular signal‐regulating kinase (ERK) inhibitor U0126 (10 μM), and the nitric oxide donor stimulated the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, JNK, and ERK. Edaravone (10 μM) protected astrocytes against SNP‐induced cell injury and it inhibited SNP‐induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, JNK, and ERK, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Edaravone also attenuated SNP‐induced increase in nuclear apoptosis‐inducing factor levels. These results suggest that MAP kinase pathways play a key role in nitric oxide‐induced apoptosis and that edaravone protects against nitric oxide‐induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting nitric oxide‐induced MAP kinase activation in astrocytes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Astrocytes—Friends or foes in multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Williams Anna , Piaton Gabrièle , Lubetzki Catherine 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn multiple sclerosis (MS), the presence of demyelinating plaques has concentrated researchers' minds on the role of the oligodendrocyte in its pathophysiology. Recently, with the rediscovery of early and widespread loss of axons in the disease, new emphasis has been put on the role of axons and axon‐oligodendrocyte interactions in MS. Despite the fact that, in 1904, Müller claimed that MS was a disease of astrocytes, more recently, astrocytes have taken a back seat, except as the cells that form the final glial scar after all hope of demyelination is over. However, perhaps it is time for the return of the astrocyte to popularity in the pathogenesis of MS, with recent reports on the dual role of astrocytes in aiding degeneration and demyelination, by promoting inflammation, damage of oligodendrocytes and axons, and glial scarring, but also in creating a permissive environment for remyelination by their action on oligodendrocyte precursor migration, oligodendrocyte proliferation, and differentiation. We review these findings to try to provide a cogent view of astrocytes in the pathology of MS. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of work and technology in manufacturing
Authors: Brödner Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDue to profound changes in the world markets, the traditional structures of production and new market requirements have recently begun to contradict one another. The factory stands at the crossroads of technology‐ and human‐centered production concepts. In view of this radical change, designers must develop appropriate production systems as integrated wholes, taking into account the mutual dependencies between skills, organization, and technology, rather than install high‐tech systems only. This has been demonstrated by two recent developments (order control for production islands and shop‐floor programming methods) in the context of integrated group manufacturing as a human‐centered production concept.
Towards the model human scheduler
Authors: Sanderson Penelope M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article presents a framework for understanding and modeling the human operator when performing scheduling functions. The eventual goal is to build a complete model of the human scheduler, which will be termed theModel Human Scheduler(MHS). Presented is a framework for the MHS based on Rasmussen's (1986) decision ladder. This framework consists of a collection of 27 production rules which link different types of scheduling activities, from skill‐based through rule‐based to knowledge‐based activities. The framework defines the task that lies ahead if we are to achieve a fully computational MHS. The MHS incorporates Card, Moran, and Newell's (1986)Model Human Processor(MHP) as a computational operationalization of just one of the 27 production rules. An example is given of how the MHP can describe, in detail, the process of planning a sequence of steps according to the Moore‐Hodgson dispatch rule. This is the first step in developing the full model, and it starts to define an appropriate program of empirical research to support the modeling effort.
Using employee participation to implement advanced manufacturing technology
Authors: Levi Daniel J. , Slem Charles M. , Young Andrew 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe implementation of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) often requires a shift to teamwork. How should a company make this transition to team‐oriented AMT? Companies can let technology be the driving force and organize teams after the change process, or they can create teams and use employee participation to implement the technology. This study examined the attitudes of employees in five electronics companies which shifted to team‐based AMT. Employees in the companies which used employee participation to help implement the technological changes had more positive beliefs about their companies' ability to manage technological change. They were also more likely to believe that technological changes would help their careers and improve their jobs, and less likely to experience job insecurity and job stress due to technological change.
Personal Perspective: Critical human factors contributions in modern manufacturing
Authors: Wilson John R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe roles of all personnel in manufacturing companies are changing as different forms of advanced technology and different methods of organizing production are introduced. There is some degree of freedom in defining these roles, and there is increasing recognition of the gains to be had from developing systems around the concept of the skilled, responsible operator with local control. In consequence, there is increasing recognition in industry of the input that can be made by the human factors profession. A number of critical human factors issues for modern manufacturing are identified in this article; these are critical both in terms of the relevant research gaps and application needs. Connections are drawn between these issues. Successful human factors initiatives in advanced manufacturing technology will only result from integration of approaches from the hitherto somewhat separate worlds of cognitive ergonomics as applied to human‐machine systems, and psycho‐social ergonomics as applied to work organization and job design.
Computer support for cooperative work in advanced manufacturing
Authors: Schmidt Kjeld 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn order to prevail in the emerging turbulent business environment, the work organization of advanced manufacturing must be able to adapt diligently and dynamically to the vicissitudes of a volatile market. Meeting this demand requires horizontal exchange of information within a self‐organizing cooperative ensemble of decision makers with a high degree of autonomy in their strategies and conceptualizations. Advanced manufacturing, therefore, poses new demands on the information system of the enterprise that are not addressed in the prevailing approach to computer‐integrated manufacturing.
From machine‐centered to human‐centered manufacture
Authors: Dawson Patrick 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article provides a case study analysis of the process of transition from a traditional machine‐centered job‐shop working environment to a human‐centered manufacturing facility at a hardware fabrication plant in South Australia. The origination, design, and implementation of cellular manufacturing is examined, and the consequences of change for the organization and control of work is critically appraised. Employees operating under the new system take greater responsibility for their work performance and positively appraise the practice of cellular manufacture.
Representing organizational behavior in a bayesian belief network, and making the resulting inferences accessible to users
Authors: Toth‐Fejel T. T. , Clark S. J. , Kindrick J. D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article describes work on Dr. FactoryTM, a manufacturing plant diagnosis application, and Cause‐MICTM, an expert system shell on which it is based. The Dr. FactoryTMand Cause‐MICTMsystems are described in detail, followed by a description of how a knowledge‐based system can represent organizational behavior in terms of important concepts and their functional relationships. This article explains how domain experts increased their understanding of the knowledge they thought they knew, and how the results of the computation of Bayesian Belief Networks can be presented to users.
Organization design for factory 2000
Authors: Bessant John , Levy Paul , Ley Clive , Smith Stuart , Tranfield David 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEvidence suggests that the effective implementation of advanced computer‐integrated technologies in manufacturing depends upon a considerable degree of organizational adaptation. One interpretation of such radical technological change suggests that it is part of a pervasive paradigm shift which is reframing the rules governing best practice in manufacturing and that organization design needs to involve a complete reappraisal rather than a minor adjustment. This article reviews evidence for the emergence of such a paradigm shift and presents some case study data on the nature of organizational changes which characterize it. It concludes with some suggested guidelines for organization designers working toward suitable models for factory organization and management into the next century.