bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PHM—SURFACE WARFARE SHIP TECHNOLOGY TAKES A STEP FORWARD
Authors: SHRADER JOSEPH N. , CDR. KARL M. DUFF  
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAs the lead ship of the U. S. Navy's first Squadron of Patrol Combatant Missile Hydrofoil (PHM) Ships, USS PEGASUS (PHM–1) completed an unprecedented test and evaluation program in June 1976. PEGASUS subsequently completed very successful acceptance and final contract trials and is currently homeported in San Diego, Calif., under the operational command of COMNAVSURFPAC. Fleet introduction employment exercises and support work are continuing, with consideration being given to deploying the ship to other Fleets.The PHM Program obtained a favorable Department of Defense production decision in January 1977, but award of the five ship production contract to Boeing Marine Systems was delayed approximately nine months for further review by the in coming administration. Difficulty has been experienced in maintaining program stability and in coordinating the objectives and schedules of the original NATO Program. The U. S. currently is the only country entering production. However, potential sales to NATO or other Defense Treaty Organizations may develop over the next several years. Cost constraints make successful Squadron procurement and Fleet introduction a formidable objective for the early 1980s. The Navy Hydrofoil RDT&E Program has been useful to PHM, but its two R&D ships are to be “mothballed.” Current major effort is being directed toward acquisition of the production PHMs within contract cost and in providing an expanded Mobile Logistic Support System using Innovative new concepts; this in time to support ship deliveries. The lessons learned from the lead ship program are being applied in both areas.
CONSIDERATIONS IN THE NAVAL ARCHITECTURE OF SALVAGE SHIPS
Authors: MILWEE W. I. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAs the mission of the ship becomes more specialized, a thorough understanding of the mission becomes more necessary to successful design of the ship. Through this understanding comes an appreciation of the relative importance of design parameters. In this paper a rough preliminary design for a U. S. Navy Salvage Ship is developed as an example of how a specialized mission influences design.
FINS OF THE FUTURE — FFG 7
Authors: NELSON LOUIS W. , McCALLUM DONALD 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the justification, design philosophy, system description, and technical evaluation of the FFG 7 fin stabilization system – the “Fins of the Future.” These fins are to be installed in the FFG 7 Class ships to provide increased mission effectiveness. Details of “lessons learned” are addressed and these are shown to be incorporated into this new fin system design. Reliability and Maintainability of the total system is stressed.
FIRE SAFETY OF NAVAL SHIPS—AN OPEN CHALLENGE
Authors: POHLER C. H. , McVOY J. L. , CARHART H. W. , LEONARD J. T. , PRIDE T. S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTFire safety of Navy ships is a matter of continuing concern. The practice in land—based buildings and commercial ships experiencing a serious fire accident is often to abandon the building or ship. For Navy warships in combat, however, it is imperative that the ship's crew be able to control an on—board fire and retain the ship's combat effectiveness. The need for effective and rapid fire—fighting capability aboard naval ships is further dictated by the increased potential of fire hazards characteristic of a warship, such as the high density of fuel and ammunition stores aboard ship, refueling and replenishment at sea, and possible hostile enemy action.Fire casualties aboard Navy ships are briefly reviewed, with emphasis on recent lessons learned in control of fires and fire hazards. Also reviewed are ongoing and planned actions to upgrade fire protection in the ship design process and in the Fleet. Based on these lessons learned, the Navy is initiating a “total systems approach” to shipboard fire safety, and is reorienting R&D thrusts accordingly. The scope of the Navy's ongoing research and development program is reviewed, with a description of selected hardware/software obtained to date from this program for improvements to Fleet fire—fighting and personnel—survival equipment. Finally, the future trends of research and development needs are discussed and projected research program directions indicated.
COST EFFECTIVENESS THROUGH PRODUCIBILITY DESIGN CONTROL
Authors: MANCUSO CARLO C. , LUCIE JOSEPH C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTDesign Control as applied in Detail Design is a systematic effort by a team of design engineers to concurrently arrange systems, equipment, outfit, structure, accesses, and partitions within a control area; to produce an optimum arrangement of the area involved; to assure cost—effective integration of systems; to minimize physical interferences; and to reduce installation costs. Satisfactory application of this technique insures detection and correction of most interferences early in the detail design stage before they impact production costs.This process, known as “Producibility Design Control”, has been used for the first time by NAVSEC in the Contract Design of the DDG—47. It has been applied to certain selected spaces which exhibited a potentially high density of equipment, distributive systems, high heat dissipation, and RF transmission line constraints.It is anticipated that furnishing prospective shipyards with the Navy's Contract Design for the coordination of selected areas will result in an interference—free, feasible, and producible design, and will reduce shipyard detail design man—hours.
SHIP DESIGN FOR MAINTAINABILITY: EXPERIENCE ON FFG 7 CLASS
Authors: GUIDO ANTHONY J. , LIGHT STEPHEN P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe maintenance philosophy for the FFG 7 Class ships was developed by the Navy as part of the Integrated Logistics Support (ELS) Program. This philosophy prescribed the use of rotatable pools of equipment for the replacement of shipboard equipment and modules during periods of planned maintenance and the “off—ship” repair of units after failure. The objective of this philosophy was to reduce the maintenance at the shipboard level while enhancing the ship's availability.The novel aspect of the FFG 7 maintenance philosophy was the requirement to integrate maintenance planning from the outset of the ship's design. The development of the FFG 7 maintenance philosophy Design Criteria for Logistic Elements (DCLE) and maintenance accessibility effort during the Preliminary and Contract Design Phases were previously reported in the Journal. [1]. This paper provides a follow—up to that article by presenting the procedures and problems of implementing the ship maintainability requirements during Detail Design. The organizational effort and methods used to implement the program during Detail Design are described.
DDG—47 RELIABILITY ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
Authors: BUCKBERG MORTON L. , VAIL JEANNINE A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe technical approach adopted for reliability engineering of the Guided Missile Destroyer (DDG—47) daring preliminary and contract design phases evolved from the Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC) experience with previous surface combats ship designs. This paper describes the following key steps of the approach:

Description of TIGER simulation program.
Construction of DDG‐47 ReUabfflty Model.
Preparation of a mission timeline to exercise and stress primary mission areas.
Determination of primary mission area essential equipment.
Development of equipment requirements matrices and logic diagrams.
Identification and source selection of equipment MTBF/MTTR indices.
Selection and definition of relevant performance measures.
Quantification of results.
THE SHIPBOARD FACILITIES MAINTENANCE DEMONSTRATION STUDY
Authors: SCHWARTZ MELVIN A. , CORDER JAMES L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTFacilities Maintenance (FM), as currently performed by shipboard personnel, requires a considerable expenditure of man—hours and material resources and is not performed efficiently nor effectively.Potential solutions to underlying problems were studied on portions of an operational ship of the FF 1052 Class. The study indicated that: 1) a significant reduction in man—hour expenditure and cost to the Navy is feasible through a systematic innovation program, 2) skill and knowledge of FM Team personnel is improved, and 3) shipboard spaces are cleaner and better maintained with FM innovations.The next phase of the project includes the total ship, and it is planned to commence in July 1978 aboard FF 1052, FFG 7, and LST 1179 Class ships.
INTEGRATED BRIDGE SYSTEM “AT—SEA” EVALUATION
Authors: PUCKETT LANNY J. , SNIFFIN ROBERT A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Integrated Bridge System design was derived by consolidating and integrating communications and displays into a centralized work station and automating certain piloting, navigation, collision avoidance, and logging functions. The evaluation, which commenced on USS McCANDLESS (FF—1084) in January 1977, was designed to collect data in four general areas: 1) manning, 2) operational effectiveness, 3) operational suitability of the equipment in a Navy environment, and 4) detailed design features data required for possible follow—on effortsiIn Bridge designs. The “at—sea” evaluation demonstrated that Bridge watch functions can be performed as effectively or more effectively with significantly fewer people.
LESSONS LEARNED IN DEVELOPMENTAL TESTING IN THE FLEET
Authors: EDMONDO PETER M. , McCAMMON PETER L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTDevelopmental tests have been conducted in the Fleet to demonstrate concepts for reducing man—hoars required to perform certain shipboard functions while maintaining or improving effectiveness. Experiences during the Preparation, Conduct, and Reporting of the tests are described including the CNO Pilot Program for Reduced Bridge Manning; Integrated Bridge System (IBS); Facilities Maintenance (housekeeping); Wireless Communications During Damage Control Evolutions; and the Ship Contrblman. Areas discussed include system design and interface requirements; elements that go into tests designed for shipboard evaluation; approval requirements to conduct such tests; how to get Fleet Support in terms of personnel and assets; logistics and training requirements; and finally, what Fleet testing buys that other means do not.
NAVAL COASTAL SYSTEMS LABORATORY' A UNIQUE IN—SITU TEST AND EVALUATION SITE
Authors: JOLLIFF JAMES V. , CALLAHAN CASVILLE M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTTest and Evaluation have become paramount in today's Department of Defense acquisition process. Therefore, the U. S. Navy requires both private and public facilities to accomplish the final goals of the “Fly before Buy” concept. Such a facility exists at the Naval Coastal Systems Laboratory (NCSL); an integral part of the Chief of Naval Material's, Director of Navy Laboratories organization. This paper briefly addresses the Laboratory, its mission, and its history. This is followed by an in—depth facilities overview in order to create an understanding of the slow but steady evolution of NCSL's unique fixed facilities. These facilities, when coupled to the local natural environment, provide a unique in situ test and evaluation capability which is unequalled in the United States for assessing seagoing coastal systems. Of prime consideration is the Range Date Acquisition Center (RADAC) and Its ancillary subsystems for tracking, environmental monitoring, communications, and post run analysis. The paper is concluded with a discussion of both past and present use of the aforementioned facilities with an emphasis on user acceptance and future potential growth.
FLIGHT DECK DESIGN GUIDELINES
Authors: VITALE DONALD J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAircraft carrier flight deck design ia the result of a long iterative process which involves many complex and often subjective decisions. The process is basically a trial and error effort to integrate many diverse functions into an operationally satisfactory flight deck that is compatible with below decks arrangements. This paper attempts to delineate the rationale for these decisions.Those aspects of aircraft carrier design related to the aircraft/ship interface as they apply to the flight deck are described in detail. This paper does not offer pat solutions to problems of flight deck design, but reports the operational experience gained with past Aircraft Carrier designs and discusses problems which must be addressed in the design of new aircraft carrier flight decks.
THE FLIGHT DECK DD 963
Authors: RAINS DEAN A. , ADAMS DONALD B. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe advent of V/STOL aircraft and high performance helicopters has made possible the use of smaller deck ship platforms such as Destroyers, Merchant Ships, and smaller Aircraft Carriers. This paper describes the design of an air capable combatant based on the DD—963 hull lines and machinery, featuring a 300–foot Takeoff Deck, a 100–foot Landing Deck, and a hangar soluble for 8 to 14 V/STOL aircraft. The ship combines conventional destroyer capabilities with a much enhanced air capability to provide a valuable platform vehicle for sea control missions.
BEATING THE ENERGY SQUEEZE
Authors: MILLS ROBERT G. , DuBOIS DENIS 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTEnergy—saving is currently receiving much public attention, but it is a life—and—deatb matter for U. S. Navy ships which must prepare in peace to fight a modem war. Designs of new ships, particularly those powered with gas turbines, can incorporate substantial energy—saving measures (e.g., COGAS). Certain ship alterations to save energy not only Increase military effectiveness, but also are quite advantageous from a strictly financial viewpoint. For ships as they exist today, measures are suggested which can be implemented by all concerned, from Flag Officer down to the Fireman on the deck plates.
NAVY REPAIR SHIP DESIGN: A FEASIBILITY DISCUSSION OF NEW REPAIR CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: WILKINS JAMES R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTFeasibility studies hate been conducted for a new surface Repair Ship for the U.S. Navy. Improvements in material handling, management information systems, maintenance facilities, production techniques, platform design, and repair methods, as discussed, will increase the operational efficiency of this new generation of Repair Ships over existing ships. The improvements discussed are suggested by industry, research, engineers, and by men currently on board Fleet Tenders and Repair Ships.
LAND BASED TEST CENTER: A TOOL FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FFG 7 CLASS FRIGATES
Authors: ASHER MELVYN W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA Land Bawd Combat System Test Center has been constructed for the Navy's new Guided Miwlle Frigate (FFG 7 Class ships) Program. Designated the Oliver Hazard Perry Claw Combat System Test Center (CSTC), it was built to provide physical compartment mock—ups of the ship's Combat System spaces to be used as aids in the ship's design and for system test and evaluation.This paper addresses the role played by the CSTC in the design and construction of the FFG 7 Class, the types of problems uncovered during this and subsequent operation periods, and the methods employed in their resolution. It also describes the special interfaces established among the Shipbuilder, Ship Design Agent, Ship Acquisition Program Manager's representatives, and the Sperry Systems Management.
COMBAT SYSTEMS ENGINEERING—REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS
Authors: RAMSBOTHAM ALAN J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Combat System Engineer, while faced with a threat which necessitates a revolutionary improvement in combat system performance, is most frequently constrained by economics to accommodate that improvement within a largely fixed framework of existing weapon systems and subsystems. This paper provides a discussion of the impact of this fact upon the combat system engineering process. In 80 doing, a perspective on an often overlooked aspect of combat system design and development — that it is an evolutionary process — is provided.
STOL — THE POTENTIAL OF THE CIRCULATION CONTROL WING CONCEPT
Authors: ENGLAR ROBERT J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn order to develop advanced aircraft for operation from smaller air‐capable ships, research and development are being conducted at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center to investigate the Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) capability of the Circulation Control Wing concept. This high lift system employs tangential blowing over the rounded wing trailing edge, and can more than double the lifting capability of conventional high performance aircraft. The resulting reduced takeoff and landing speeds and distances can produce a significant favorable impact on the design of future aircraft‐carrying ships and operations from these vessels. Based on these promising benefits, a program is underway to demonstrate the STOL capability of the concept applied to a full‐scale A‐6 flight demonstrator aircraft. The present paper addresses experimental development of this vehicle, details of the full‐scale aircraft modifications, and predicted STOL performance benefits for future sea‐based aircraft so equipped.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPERCONDUCTIVE ELECTRIC DRIVES
Authors: STEWART ALAN J. , SPRINGER JOSEPH H. , DOYLE TIMOTHY J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe application of electric power transmission to modern gas turbine‐powered combat ships provides increased flexibility of operation and can substantially improve operating efficiency. The use of superconductive dc machinery permits achieving these results with significant reductions in propulsion system size, weight, and physical layout restrictions. This paper presents results of a study of the application of superconductive electric power transmission to a twin‐shaft general‐purpose Destroyer which shows that reduction in required machinery space, weight, and fuel tankage permits a 9% reduction in ship volume and a 25% reduction in installed power, with no reduction in payload, speed, range, or other mission capabilities. In addition to improvements in operational flexibility, substantial savings in fuel consumption, ship construction costs, and operational costs are projected.
THE AN/UYK‐502(V) MICROCOMPUTER
Authors: WILLIAMS PAUL F. , ANDERSON JOHN M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe AN/UYK‐502 Microcomputer is a full‐scale, general‐purpose 16‐bit militarized computer designed to emmulate the AN/UYK‐20 and AN/AYK‐14, and to be implemented in a shipboard system employing distributed system architecture. Ship System Data Busses require microcomputers to be located near or within ship subsystems, with system interconnection being made through a common data bus. To implement this type of system architecture, a low cost, modular microcomputer capable of handling the bus “handshake” through a standard interface is required.The AN/UYK‐502(V) uses software common to minicomputers which allows different computer configurations to be implemented with bus architecture. The resulting system can then be maintained with a single set of support software programs thus significantly lowering system life cycle costs. The computer is offered in three physical packages: the Card Kit, Chassis Assembly, and Cabinet Assembly.Flexible options of the AN/UYK‐502(V) allow the user to tailor the system to the application needs. These options include the Central Processing Expansion Unit; main memory up to 2S6K (where K = 1024); memory parity; choice of 1 to 64 input/output (I/O) channels; parallel and/or serial I/O; and power supply selection.
THE SHINPADS STANDARD DISPLAY
Authors: THOMAS D.M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTTo date, individual functions on a ship have had their own unique display. For example, Radar, ASW, TV and Engine Monitoring subsystems have performed the man/machine interface through dedicated and different display media. Digital electronic technology now enables a single multipurpose display to be configured capable of handling a wide variety of sensors and computer‐generated synthetic information. This results in considerable savings in inventory, spares, training and documentation leading to substantial reductions in life‐cycle costs.The multipurpose display is based on Digital Scan Conversion techniques. The display medium itself is a very high resolution TV monitor (1225‐lines) refreshed from a digital memory built up from high density Random Access Memory integrated circuits. This memory is loaded from a variety of processing modules formatting wide‐band video from a number of sensors. For those rare functions where it is not cost effective to perform the processing with the display, this is done with the sensor and transmitted to the Standard Display over a standard digital video channel.The memory also has a port addressed from a display processor through a graphics generator, to implement intelligent terminal functions such as track handling. High level control is established over the SHINPADS Bus.A prototype of the radar scan conversion portion of this display was built in 1977 and is currently being evaluated in the field. A Pre‐production Model of the complete multi‐sensor SHINPADS Standard Display will be available mid‐1979.
THE AUTOMATIC DATA LINK PLOTTING SYSTEM (ADLIPS)
Authors: CARRUTHERS JAMES F. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Automatic Date Link Plotting System (ADLIPS) about to enter production in Canada might be described as a “poor man's NTDS.” It has been designed to operate actively on both Link 11 and Link 14, integrate current ship sensors, control weapon designation, and to provide synthetic and raw radar pictures to the command. Displays include three‐man, 22‐inch, horizontally mounted CRTs, remote plasmas for applications such as the Bridge and EW Office, and a hard copy plotter.One of the design objectives of ADLIPS was to avoid inventing anything. The displays, computer, bulk storage, et cetera, were all chosen from “off‐the‐shelf” equipments. The production version will incorporate standard USN equipments in the form of the AN/UYK‐20 minicomputer and AN/USH‐26 cartridge magnetic tape. The only “new” elements are some unique interface cards and the computer software.The prototype received in excess of one year's evaluation in a land based test site followed by a year's operation at sea. Over two years of failure free operation demonstrated the viability of the concept, with the result that a program is underway to outfit all Canadian Navy surface warships. Due to its modularity, capability, and low cost ADLIPS is considered to be a prime candidate for fitment in a variety of NATO and Allied Navies.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH‐SPEED DIESEL ENGINE FOR UNITED STATES SUBMARZNES
Authors: ALDEN JOHN D. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTTo eliminate torsional vibration which severely restricted submarine operations, the Navy in 1932 initiated a design competition to develop a powerful high speed diesel engine for use with the all‐electric drive propulsion system. The original idea of Captain Harry Yarnell, USN, Chief of the Bureau of Engineering, was carried out by his successor, Captain Samuel M. Robinson, USN. Contracts were negotiated with five engine builders, one of which resulted in the General Motors (GM)‐Winston Engine. Two other manufactures, Fairbanks Morse and Hooven‐Owens‐Rentschler (HOR), developed models on their own. Success was due largely to parallel development of railroad engines. After many early problems, the GM and Fairbanks engines were improved to become standard submarine equipment for many years. Casualties with the HOR ultimately led to its removal from all submarines.
CRITERIA FOR OPTIMUM DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM RADAR BLOCKAGE
Authors: MANGULIS VISVALDIS 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTDuring ship design one may have to decide between several fire control radar configurations in which one or more of the radars an blocked. Consequently, it is necessary to develop methods by which the blockage can be graded. Several such criteria which can be used to compare blocked angular sectors are discussed. The criteria an general enough so that they apply to all similar space coverage. problems in weapons systems.