bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pinwheel broadcast paradigm in supporting energy‐saving mobile devices
Authors: Shin Haw‐Yun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBecause of the limited bandwidth and restricted number of channels in the wireless access environment, the broadcast paradigm has become an important technique for accessing messages. Energy saving is an important issue in the mobile computing environment. In this paper, we propose a multichannel broadcast paradigm that constructs the broadcast channels according to the access frequency of each type of message in order to save energy in mobile devices (MDs). The pinwheel scheduling algorithm (PSA) presented in this paper is used to organize all types of messages in the broadcast channels in the most symmetrical distribution in order to reduce both the tuning time and the access time. The performance of the proposed mechanism is analyzed, and the improvement over existing methods is demonstrated numerically. The results show that the proposed mechanism is capable of improving both the tuning time and the access time due to the presence of skewness in the access distribution among the disseminated messages. When the number of message types increases, both the tuning time and the access time can be further improved as long as a small number of broadcast channels are added. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone lesions: Role of sediment cytology
Authors: Shah Surbhi , Rahman Khaliqur , Siddiqui Farhan , Akhtar Kafil , Zaheer Sufian , Sherwani Rana 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the role of sediment cytology of biopsy specimen fixatives, which is usually discarded, in early diagnosis of bone lesions.Cytological smears prepared from sediments of biopsy specimen fixatives (sediment cytology) were used to study 65 bone specimens biopsied with suspicion of malignancy. The cytological diagnosis was then compared with histological diagnosis, taking the latter as gold standard.Smears were adequately cellular and showed good preservation of cellular morphology. Some of the smears showed microfragments of tissue. Cytology labeled 29 lesions as malignant, 26 lesions as benign, 3 as inflammatory, and 7 smears as inconclusive because of low cell yield. Sediment cytology was able to correctly diagnose 58 of 65 lesions. There was no false‐positive or false‐negative case.The sediment cytology could be considered as an easy and effective diagnostic tool that can provide early diagnosis for the lesion of bone. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a Dazl‐GFP germ cell‐specific reporter
Authors: Nicholas Cory R. , Xu Eugene Y. , Banani Salman F. , Hammer Robert E. , Hamra F. Kent , Reijo Pera Renee A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this study, we characterized the promoter activity of a 1.7 kb sequence in the 5′ flanking region of the mouse Deleted in Azoospermia‐Like (Dazl) gene. We found the 1.7 kb sequence sufficient to drive robust germ cell‐specific expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in adult mouse testis and lower levels of expression in adult ovary and in fetal and newborn gonads of both sexes. This expression pattern was confirmed in two independently‐derived transgenic mouse lines. In adult testis, Dazl‐GFP exhibited a developmentally‐regulated, stage‐specific expression pattern during spermatogenesis. GFP was highly expressed in spermatocyte stages, with strongest expression in pachytene spermatocytes. Weaker expression was observed in round and elongating spermatids, as well as spermatogonial cells. In the fetal gonad, GFP transcript was detected by e12.5 in both sexes; however, GFP fluorescence was only detected during later embryonic stages. In addition, we produced mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines harboring the Dazl‐GFP reporter and used this reporter to isolate putative germ cell populations derived from mouse ESCs following embryoid body differentiation and fluorescence activated cell sorting. genesis 47:74–84, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel Composite of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized by Chitosan and Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid for Direct Electron Transfer of Glucose Oxidase
Authors: Li Jiangwen , Zhao Faqiong , Wang Guangyin , Gui Zhe , Xiao Fei , Zeng Baizhao 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel composite was fabricated through dispersing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in gold nanoparticle (GPs) colloid stabilized by chitosan and ionic liquid (i.e., 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, BMIMBF4). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiment showed that the GPs highly dispersed on the MWNTs probably due to the electrostatic interaction among GPs, MWNTs and the imidazolium cation of BMIMBF4. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that thus‐formed gold nanostructure was mediated by BMIMBF4. When glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized on the composite (MWNTs‐GPs) its ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectrum kept almost unchanged. The immobilized GOD coated glassy carbon electrode (GOD/MWNTs‐GPs/GC) exhibited a pair of well‐defined peaks in 0.10 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS), with a formal potential of −0.463 V (vs. SCE). The electrochemical process involved two‐electron transfer. The electron transfer coefficient was ca.0.56 and the electron transfer rate constant was 9.36 s−1. Furthermore, the immobilized GOD presented good catalytic activity to the oxidation of glucose in air‐saturated PBS. The Km and Im values were estimated to be 13.7 μM and 0.619 μA. The GOD/MWNTs‐GPs/GC electrode displayed good stability and reproducibility.
Nickel Pyrazolyl Borate Complex: Synthesis, Structure, and Analytical Application as Benzoate Selective Sensor
Authors: Singh Udai P. , Aggarwal Vaibhave , Singh A. K. , Mehtab Sameena 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe complex [TpPh,MeNi(Cl)PzPh,MeH] (I) [TpPh,Me=hydrotris(3‐phenyl‐5‐methyl‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)borate; PzPh,MeH=3‐phenyl‐5‐methyl‐pyrazole] has been synthesized and explored as ionophore for the preparation of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane sensor for benzoate anions. The formation constants for the interaction of complex I with different organic/inorganic anions in solution have also been studied by sandwich membrane method. PVC based membranes of I using tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDDMACl) as cation discriminator and o‐nitrophenyloctyl ether (o‐NPOE), dibutylphthalate (DBP), benzylacetate (BA) and tributylphosphate (TBP) as plasticizing solvent mediators were prepared and investigated as benzoate selective sensors. The best performance was shown by the membrane with composition (w/w) of I (5): PVC (150): NPOE (345): TDDMACl (0.3). The proposed sensor exhibits significantly enhanced selectivity toward benzoate ions over the concentration range 2.2×10−6–1.0×10−1 M with a lower detection limit of 1.4×10−6 M and a Nernstian slope of 59.2 mVdecade−1 of activity within a pH range of 4.5–8.5. The sensor has a response time of 12 s and can be used for at least 8 weeks without any considerable divergence in their potential response. The membrane sensor of complex I have been checked for reversible and accurate sensing of benzoate levels present in liquid food products.
An Organic Sol‐Gel Film as Modifier to Construct Biosensor
Authors: Wu Jian‐Feng , Xu Miao‐Qing , Zhao Guang‐Chao 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was developed by adsorbing hemoglobin (Hb) on an organic sol‐gel film. The organic sol‐gel was prepared using resorcinol and formaldehyde as monomers. This sol‐gel film shows a biocompatible microenvironment for retaining the native activity of the adsorbed Hb. The direct electron transfer between Hb and electrode is achieved. Hb adsorbed on the film shows an enzyme‐like catalytic activity for the reduction of H2O2. The reduction peak currents are proportional linearly to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the range of 6×10−8 to 3.6×10−6 M, with a detection limit of 2.4×10−8 M (S/N=3). This research enlarges the applications of organic sol‐gel materials in biosensor field.
Influence of image‐analysis software on quantitation of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis data
Authors: Stessl Martina , Noe Christian R. , Lachmann Bodo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractImage analysis of two‐dimensional gels is a crucial step in a proteomic workflow and has a direct impact on obtained qualitative and quantitative data. Since the analysis is a complex process and creates large data amounts, the use of a respective software is inevitable. There are only a few papers published addressing the issue of analysis‐based variance; therefore, our aim was to highlight the discrepancy of received results when different commercially available image‐tools are used for gel analysis especially in terms of comparability of the obtained outcome when the same digital image set is used. A set of six gels (three replicates per group) of real‐life samples was created and examined with two different versions of PD‐Quest (Bio‐Rad) (version 6.1 and its update version 8.0) and with an external image‐tool Delta 2D (Decodon) (version 3.6). Replicate groups were analyzed and compared with each other with regard to volume ratios of a group of significantly changed spots. The study points out significant variations among results depending on the software package used, underlining the importance of a careful investigation of post‐experimental processes to receive comparable and reliable results.
A confrontation of 1D and 2D RKDG numerical simulation of transitional flow at open‐channel junction
Authors: Ghostine R. , Kesserwani G. , Mosé R. , Vazquez J. , Ghenaim A. , Grégoire C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this study, a comparison between the 1D and 2D numerical simulation of transitional flow in open‐channel networks is presented and completely described allowing for a full comprehension of the modeling water flow. For flow in an open‐channel network, mutual effects exist among the channel branches joining at a junction. Therefore, for the 1D study, the whole system (branches and junction) cannot be treated individually. The 1D Saint Venant equations calculating the flow in the branches are then supplemented by various equations used at the junction: a discharge flow conservation equation between the branches arriving and leaving the junction, and a momentum or energy conservation equation. The disadvantages of the 1D study are that the equations used at the junction are of empirical nature due to certain parameters given by experimental results and moreover they often present a reduced field of validity. On the contrary, for the 2D study, the entire network is considered as a single unit and the flow in all the branches and junctions is solved simultaneously. Therefore, we simply apply the 2D Saint Venant equations, which are solved by a second‐order Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin method. Finally, the experimental results obtained by Hager are used to validate and to compare the two approaches 1D and 2D. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil water dynamics under surface trickle irrigation as affected by soil hydraulic properties, discharge rate, dripper spacing and irrigation duration
Authors: Elmaloglou S. , Diamantopoulos E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the effects of discharge rate, irrigation duration and inter‐emitter distances on the wetting front advance patterns and on deep percolation under surface trickle irrigation. For this purpose a cylindrical flow model incorporating evaporation and water extraction by roots, was used in order to optimize the use of irrigation water. The mathematical model was applied to two different soil types: loamy sand and silt. Two irrigation depths (18 and 30 mm), two spaces between the emitters (80 and 60 cm) and two discharge rates (2 and 4 l h−1) were used. The initial condition for the two involved soils was that of uniform initial moisture content.From the analysis of the different numerical experiments, it is concluded that for the same irrigation depth, the same dripper spacing and the same soil (for time t ≤ ti) the vertical component of the wetted zone is greater for a smaller discharge rate than for a higher one. It was noticed that there was a faster overlapping of the wetted bulbs in the fine‐grained soil and that deep percolation seems to be lower in the fine‐grained soil than in the coarse‐grained. Deep percolation increases as applied irrigation depth increases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating spirituality into alcohol treatment
Authors: Delaney Harold D. , Forcehimes Alyssa A. , Campbell William P. , Smith Bruce W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSpirituality is presumed by millions of Americans to be directly relevant to problems of alcohol abuse. We summarize findings regarding the role of religion and spirituality in the prevention and treatment of substance abuse and present a case illustration. We also consider mechanisms responsible for these effects. We offer advice about why, by whom, and how religion and spirituality should be discussed with clients with substance use disorders. In a recent clinical trial, therapists trained in a client‐centered approach to facilitate exploration of spirituality fostered clients' use of spiritual practices. We suggest that the therapist's ability to skillfully engage clients in a discussion of spirituality is largely determined by how the therapist balances the dual roles of authoritative expert and evocative facilitator. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:185–198, 2009.
Clusterin is a short half‐life, poly‐ubiquitinated protein, which controls the fate of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Rizzi Federica , Caccamo Alessandro Emanuele , Belloni Lucia , Bettuzzi Saverio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe Clusterin (CLU) gene produces different forms of protein products, which vary in their biological properties and distribution within the cell. Both the extra‐ and intracellular CLU forms regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dis‐regulation of CLU expression occurs in many cancer types, including prostate cancer. The role that CLU plays in tumorigenesis is still unclear. We found that CLU over‐expression inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Here we show that depletion of CLU affects the growth of PC‐3 prostate cancer cells. Following siRNA targeting all CLU mRNA variants, all protein products quickly disappeared, inducing cell cycle progression and higher expression of specific proliferation markers (i.e., H3 mRNA, PCNA, and cyclins A, B1, and D) as detected by RT‐qPCR and Western blot. Quite surprisingly, we also found that the turnover of CLU protein is very rapid and tightly regulated by ubiquitin–proteasome mediated degradation. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide showed that CLU half‐life is less than 2 h. CLU protein products were found poly‐ubiquitinated by co‐immuniprecipitation. Proteasome inhibition by MG132 caused stabilization and accumulation of all CLU protein products, including the nuclear form of CLU (nCLU), and committing cells to caspase‐dependent death. In conclusion, proteasome inhibition may induce prostate cancer cell death through accumulation of nCLU, a potential tumor suppressor factor. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 314–323, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly connected monochromatic subgraphs of multicolored graphs
Authors: Liu Henry , Morris Robert , Prince Noah 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe consider the following question of Bollobás: given an r‐coloring of E(Kn), how large a k‐connected subgraph can we find using at most s colors? We provide a partial solution to this problem when s=1 (and n is not too small), showing that when r=2 the answer is n−2k+2, when r=3 the answer is ⌊(n−k)/2⌋+1 or ⌈(n−k)/2⌉+1, and when r−1 is a prime power then the answer lies between n/(r−1)−11(k2−k)r and (n−k+1)/(r−1)+r. The case s≥2 is considered in a subsequent paper (Liu et al.[6]), where we also discuss some of the more glaring open problems relating to this question. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Graph Theory 61: 22‐44, 2009
A tale of two psychologies: The Høffding–Lehmann controversy and the establishment of experimental psychology at the University of Copenhagen
Authors: Pind Jörgen L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAlfred Lehmann (1858–1921) was the pioneer of experimental psychology in Denmark. He established a laboratory of psychophysics in Copenhagen in 1886 after spending a winter in Wundt's laboratory. Philosophical psychology had been taught for the better part of the nineteenth century at the University of Copenhagen and had enjoyed a positivistic turn with the philosophers Harald Høffding (1843–1931) and Kristian Kroman (1846–1925). Shortly after establishing his laboratory, Lehmann criticized Høffding's theory of “unmediated recognition,” which led to a sharp dispute between them on the nature of recognition. It has been claimed that this was a direct cause of Lehmann's slow advance at the University of Copenhagen. Archival sources show that Høffding, though having a very different conception of psychology from Lehmann, was on most occasions supportive of Lehmann and thus played an important role in establishing experimental psychology at the University of Copenhagen. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative T2 mapping during follow‐up after matrix‐associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT): Full‐thickness and zonal evaluation to visualize the maturation of cartilage repair tissue
Authors: Welsch Goetz H. , Mamisch Tallal C. , Marlovits Stefan , Glaser Christian , Friedrich Klaus , Hennig Friedrich F. , Salomonowitz Erich , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to evaluate the potential of in vivo zonal T2‐mapping as a noninvasive tool in the longitudinal visualization of cartilage repair tissue maturation after matrix‐associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT). Fifteen patients were treated with MACT and evaluated cross‐sectionally, with a baseline MRI at a follow‐up of 19.7 ± 12.1 months after cartilage transplantation surgery of the knee. In the same 15 patients, 12 months later (31.7 ± 12.0 months after surgery), a longitudinal 1‐year follow‐up MRI was obtained. MRI was performed on a 3 Tesla MR scanner; morphological evaluation was performed using a double‐echo steady‐state sequence; T2 maps were calculated from a multiecho, spin‐echo sequence. Quantitative mean (full‐thickness) and zonal (deep and superficial) T2 values were calculated in the cartilage repair area and in control cartilage sites. A statistical analysis of variance was performed. Full‐tickness T2 values showed no significant difference between sites of healthy cartilage and cartilage repair tissue (p < 0.05). Using zonal T2 evaluation, healthy cartilage showed a significant increase from the deep to superficial cartilage layers (p < 0.05). Cartilage repair tissue after MACT showed no significant zonal increase from deep to superficial cartilage areas during baseline MRI (p > 0.05); however, during the 1‐year follow‐up, a significant zonal stratification could be observed (p < 0.05). Morphological evaluation showed no significant difference between the baseline and the 1‐year follow‐up MRI. T2 mapping seems to be more sensitive in revealing changes in the repair tissue compared to morphological MRI. In vivo zonal T2 assessment may be sensitive enough to characterize the maturation of cartilage repair tissue. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 957–963, 2009
Optimization of separation and online sample concentration of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and related compounds using MEKC
Authors: Wang Man‐Juing , Tsai Chih‐Hsin , Hsu Wei‐Ya , Liu Ju‐Tsung , Lin Cheng‐Huang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe optimal separation conditions and online sample concentration for N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and related compounds, including α‐methyltryptamine (AMT), 5‐methoxy‐AMT (5‐MeO‐AMT), N,N‐diethyltryptamine (DET), N,N‐dipropyltryptamine (DPT), N,N‐dibutyltryptamine (DBT), N,N‐diisopropyltryptamine (DiPT), 5‐methoxy‐DMT (5‐MeO‐DMT), and 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐DiPT (5‐MeO‐DiPT), using micellar EKC (MEKC) with UV‐absorbance detection are described. The LODs (S/N = 3) for MEKC ranged from 1.0 ˜ 1.8 μg/mL. Use of online sample concentration methods, including sweeping‐MEKC and cation‐selective exhaustive injection‐sweep‐MEKC (CSEI‐sweep‐MEKC) improved the LODs to 2.2 ˜ 8.0 ng/mL and 1.3 ˜ 2.7 ng/mL, respectively. In addition, the order of migration of the nine tryptamines was investigated. A urine sample, obtained by spiking urine collected from a human volunteer with DMT, was also successfully examined.
Open tubular CEC in a microfluidic chip for rapid chiral recognition
Authors: Zhang Guisen , Qian Chungen , Xu Youzhi , Feng Xiaojun , Du Wei , Liu Bi‐Feng 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChiral recognition of dansyl enantiomeric amino acids by microfluidic open tubular CEC (μOTCEC) with fluorescence detection was demonstrated. Avidin was employed as the chiral selector immobilized on the microchannel wall, which functioned as the chiral stationary phase (CSP) by physical adsorption. The condition of CSP on the glass wall was characterized using field emission SEM. Results indicated that avidin was homogenously distributed on the microchannel surface. Two parameters that played essential roles in μOTCEC for chiral recognition were investigated. Buffer pH could greatly change the amount of adsorption of avidin on the channel wall by altering the electrostatic attraction between them. Methanol, the organic additive to the running buffer, was also found significant for controlling the quality of the μOTCEC chiral separation by regulating the hydrophobic interaction between the enantiomers and the CSP. Under the optimized conditions, four dansyl racemic amino acids were then successfully separated by μOTCEC within 100 s with resolutions of 2.43, 1.88, 3.01 and 2.65 for dansyl‐Ser, dansyl‐Met, dansyl‐Thr and dansyl‐Val, respectively. Furthermore, a comparison with microfluidic CZE was investigated demonstrating that μOTCEC was a promising method for rapid chiral recognition.
Degradation and abandonment of mechanized rain‐fed agricultural land in the Southern Gadarif region, Sudan: the local farmers' perception
Authors: Sulieman H. M. , Buchroithner M. F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn the Gadarif Region of Sudan, destruction of the natural vegetation for agricultural expansion is one of the major causes of the degradation of renewable resources and the environment. This study identifies and analyses the farmers' attitudes and perceptions towards agricultural land degradation and abandonment. The cross‐sectional data collected from ten key informants and 41 large‐scale farmers focussed on the degradation and abandonment of mechanized agricultural land. The results of the study show that the respondents are well aware that soil degradation is in various forms are taking place on their cultivated agricultural land. This is based on their perception and interpretation of indicators such as weed infestation, poor soil fertility and soil compaction. Continuous cropping, mono‐cropping, rainfall shortage and the use of inferior seeds are the main reasons of land degradation as indicated by farmers. The main measures acknowledged to maintain and improve land productivity are repeated soil ploughing, abandonment/fallow periods and crop rotation.The study adduces evidence of widespread land degradation. The mitigation measures followed by the farmers may though not be sufficient to restore the soil fertility. The application of appropriate chemical fertilizers, sound crop rotation and long fallow periods can be recommended. Any management and research intervention regarding the problem of land degradation should; however, be concerted with the farmers' knowledge. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.