bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of new allocation policy on waitlist and transplant outcomes of adult congenital heart patients supported with ECMO
Authors: Deshpande Shriprasad R. , Das Bibhuti , Kumar Akshay , Sinha Pranava , Alsoufi Bahaaldin , Trivedi Jaimin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe use of ECMO as a bridge to heart transplantation has been growing rapidly in all heart transplant recipients since the implementation of the new UNOS allocation policy; however, the impact on adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients is not known.MethodsWe analyzed the UNOS data (2015–2021) for ACHD patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during the waitlist, before and after October 2018, to assess the impact on the waitlist and posttransplant outcomes. We compared the characteristics and outcomes of ACHD patients with or without ECMO use during the waitlist and pre‐ and postpolicy changes.ResultsA total of 23 821 patients underwent heart transplantation, and only 918 (4%) had ACHD. Out of all ACHD patients undergoing heart transplants, 6% of patients in the prepolicy era and 7.6% in the postpolicy era were on ECMO at the time of listing. Those on ECMO were younger and sicker compared to the rest of the ACHD cohort. Those on ECMO had similar profiles pre‐ and postpolicy change; however, there was a very significant decrease in the waitlist time [136 days (IQR 29–384) vs. 38 days (IQR 11–108), p = 0.01]. There was no difference in waitlist mortality; however, competing risk analyses showed a higher likelihood of transplantation (51% vs. 29%) and a lower likelihood of death or deterioration (31% vs. 42%) postpolicy change. Long‐term outcomes posttransplant for those supported with ECMO compared to the non‐ECMO cohort are similar for ACHD patients, although there was higher attrition in the first year for the ECMO cohort.ConclusionThe new allocation policy has resulted in shorter waitlist times and a higher likelihood of transplantation for ACHD patients supported by ECMO. However, the appropriate use of ECMO and the underuse of durable circulatory support devices in this population need further exploration.
Transportation‐induced nausea‐like behavior in goats and the effects of anti‐motion sickness medication
Authors: Aoyama Masato , Motegi Takumi , Kaneta Hiroki , Sugita Shoei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the nausea‐like behavior induced by road transportation in goats, and the effects of an anti‐motion sickness (MS) medication on this behavior. In the first experiment, 11 adult Shiba goats were road transported twice with either a saline (control) or a commercial anti‐MS medication (Travelmin) injection at the first or second transportation. Almost all goats showed nausea‐like behavior, which was defined as pointing their heads downward, closing their eyes, and staying relatively still. These goats did not respond when they were touched during blood collection. The anti‐MS medication significantly reduced the total time spent in nausea‐like behavior (P < 0.05) and tended to increase the frequency of escape attempts during blood collection (P < 0.1). In a second experiment, the effects of the anti‐MS medication were examined in goats held under normal housing. The anti‐MS medication increased the time spent feeding (P < 0.01) and reduced the time spent in rumination (P < 0.05) but did not change the frequency of lying down nor plasma cortisol concentrations. Our results indicate that the nausea‐like behavior in transported goats might be induced, at least in part, by regulatory mechanisms similar to the MS.
Familism attitudes, behaviors, and adjustment during adolescence
Authors: Smola Xochitl Arlene , Fuligni Andrew J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the past two decades in the United States, research has surged on familism, a multidimensional construct encompassing attitudes and behaviors related to strong attachment, identification, and obligation to the family. In this article, we define familism and argue that it is a crucial way for adolescents to contribute to their social world and achieve a sense of role fulfillment. We also present examples from key studies highlighting the advantages and potential challenges of familism for adolescent adjustment. Lastly, we discuss conceptual and methodological issues to advance the study of familism.
Uncertain Facts or Uncertain Values? Testing the Distinction Between Empirical and Normative Uncertainty in Moral Judgments
Authors: Theisen Maximilian , Germar Markus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPeople can be uncertain in their moral judgments. Philosophers have argued that such uncertainty can either refer to the underlying empirical facts (empirical uncertainty) or to the normative evaluation of these facts itself (normative uncertainty). Psychological investigations of this distinction, however, are rare. In this paper, we combined factor‐analytical and experimental approaches to show that empirical and normative uncertainty describe two related but different psychological states. In Study 1, we asked N = 265 participants to describe a case of moral uncertainty and to rate different aspects of their uncertainty about this case. Across this wide range of moral scenarios, our items loaded onto three reliable factors: lack of information, unclear consequences, and normative uncertainty. In Study 2, we confirmed this factor structure using predefined stimulus material. N = 402 participants each rated eight scenarios that systematically varied in their degree of uncertainty regarding the consequences of the described actions and in the value conflict that was inherent to them. The empirical uncertainty factors were mainly affected by the introduction of uncertainty regarding consequences, and the normative uncertainty factor was mainly affected by the introduction of value conflict. Our studies provide evidence that the distinction between empirical and normative uncertainty accurately describes a psychological reality. We discuss the relevance of our findings for research on moral judgments and decision‐making, and folk metaethics.
Application of hyperspectral imaging and colorimetric sensor array coupled with multivariate analysis for quality detection during salted duck eggs processing
Authors: Xu Foyan , Huang Xingyi , Tian Xiaoyu , Yu Shanshan , Zhang Xiaorui , Zareef Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn order to realize the evaluation of salted duck eggs quality, this study constructed salts‐sensitive colorimetric sensor array (CSA) based on silver nanoprisms (AgNPRs) etching principle and utilized hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system to capture the reflectance spectral of CSA and section of salted duck eggs. To minimize the noise in spectral signals, three preprocessing methods including Savitzky–Golay Smoothing (SG), standard normal variate (SNV) transformation, and multiplicative scatter correction were used. The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and uninformative variables elimination were used to select the optimal wavelengths, and then partial least squares regression was used to predict moisture, lipid, and salt content (SC). Results demonstrated coefficients of determination of 0.8200, 0.8969, 0.8709, and 0.9239 for protein moisture, yolk moisture, yolk lipid, and protein SC. Visualization distribution maps successfully display the distribution of moisture and lipid content during salting periods. The results indicated that the CSA based on AgNPRs etching principle can be an effective tool in quantitative measurement of salt and HSI combining CSA can be applied to evaluate the quality of salted duck eggs comprehensively. The study offers a rapid detection method for the production and processing of salted duck eggs in the industry.Practical applicationA novel salts‐sensitive CSA was constructed to evaluate quality of salted duck eggs based on AgNPRs etching. This study designed and developed a portable sample collection device using 3D printing technology to acquire the information of samples and CSA at the same time. This study combined with HSI system and colorimetric sensor technology to evaluate the quality of salted duck eggs during the salting process.
Effects of a 12‐week telehealth exercise intervention on gait speed and gait deviations in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Hilgenkamp T. , Lum R. , Roys C. , Souza T. , Stopka D. , Mann S. , Ho K.‐Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAltered gait patterns and reduced walking speed are commonly reported in adults with Down syndrome (DS). Research on the effects of DS‐specific exercise programmes on adults with DS is lacking. The purpose of this quasi‐experimental study was to evaluate the changes in gait deviations and walking speed in adults with DS after a DS‐specific exercise programme.MethodsTwenty participants underwent a 12‐week, DS‐specific exercise programme in a telehealth format. Before and after the intervention, gait deviations were assessed with the Ranchos Los Amigos Observational Gait Analysis form, and comfortable walking speed was evaluated with the 4‐m walk test.ResultsWe observed increased comfortable walking speed and reduced gait deviations in the whole gait cycle in adults with DS after the intervention. There were fewer gait deviations during single‐leg stance and swing‐limb advancement and at the hip, knee and ankle joints after the 12‐week exercise programme.ConclusionsGait speed and observable gait impairments in adults with DS significantly improved following a 12‐week telehealth exercise programme.
Dehydration‐driven deformation of eclogite: Interplay between fluid discharge and rheology
Authors: Bukała Michał , Hidas Károly , Klonowska Iwona , Barnes Christopher J. , Fassmer Kathrin , Majka Jarosław 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAqueous fluids released during dehydration of a subducting slab have a large effect on the rheology of the subduction interface. While high‐pressure experiments and natural‐case studies link deformation with critical dehydration reactions during eclogitization, the exact interplay between these processes remains ambiguous. To investigate fluid–rock interaction and associated deformation at high‐pressure, we studied a suite of eclogites from the Tsäkkok Lens of the Scandinavian Caledonides that record prograde metamorphism within an Early Palaeozoic cold subduction zone. Our results show that in‐situ dehydration during the blueschist to eclogite facies transition produces fluid fluxes leading to rheological weakening and densification, consequently promoting ductile‐brittle deformation. Petrographic evidence, supported by thermodynamic modelling and thermobarometry, attest to a prograde passage from lawsonite‐blueschist to peak eclogite facies of ~2.5 GPa and ~620°C. Phengite‐bearing eclogites imply interaction with an externally‐derived fluid, whereas rare phengite‐free, kyanite‐eclogites only record internally‐derived fluid production. Models predict that prograde breakdown of chlorite, lawsonite and amphibole between 500 and 610°C lead to progressive dehydration and release of up to 4.6 wt.% of aqueous fluid. Microstructural data reveal elongated shapes of highly strained omphacite porphyroblasts, displaying minor yet gradual changes in misorientation towards the grain boundaries. Occasionally, these intragranular structures form subgrain cells that have similar sizes to those of neoblasts in the rock matrix. These observations point to the potential onset of dynamic recrystallization processes via dislocation creep. Moreover, the omphacite neoblasts and rutile show non‐random crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs), which are characterized by the subparallel alignment of point‐like maxima in rutile [001] and [100] axes to those of [001] and (010) of omphacite neoblasts, respectively. Additionally, the [001] axes of these minerals are also subparallel to the weak stretching mineral lineation, and the (100) of rutile and the (010) of omphacite neoblasts are distributed in the plane of the foliation. This suggests that the development of their CPOs was coeval and structurally controlled. Garnet microfractures normal to the foliation are dilated and sealed predominantly by omphacite. The lack of obliquity between CPO and foliation plane, as well as the systematic orientation of garnet microfracture orientations, are consistent with coaxial deformation at peak‐pressure conditions. Unlike other studies, we show that neither an external fluid source nor channelized fluid flow is needed to facilitate a ductile‐brittle deformation of eclogite in a subduction setting.
An optimized short‐term steroid therapy for chronic drug‐induced liver injury: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Huang Ang , Zhu Yun , Liu Shuhong , Sun Ying , Liu Zherui , Liang Qing‐sheng , Zhao Jun , Chang Bin‐xia , Bi Jing‐feng , Liu Jiang‐tao , Zhai Xing‐ran , Xie Huan , Li Ning , Tian Hui , Han Lin , Zhuang Yingjie , Ma Hongbin , Teng Guang‐ju , Zhang Wei , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Ji Dong , Zhao Jingmin , Zou Zhengsheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe use of corticosteroids in chronic drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is an important issue. Our previous randomized controlled trial showed that patients with chronic DILI benefited from a 48‐week steroid stepwise reduction (SSR) regimen. However, it remains unclear whether a shorter course of therapy can achieve similar efficacy. In this study, we aimed to assess whether a 36‐week SSR can achieve efficacy similar to that of 48‐week SSR.MethodsA randomized open‐label trial was performed. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to the 36‐ or 48‐week (1:1) SSR group. Liver biopsies were performed at baseline and at the end of treatment. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with relapse rate (RR). The secondary outcomes were improvement in liver histology and safety.ResultsOf the 90 participants enrolled, 84 (87.5%) completed the trial, and 62 patients (68.9%) were women. Hepatocellular damage was observed in 53.4% of the cohort. The RR was 7.1% in the 36‐week SSR group but 4.8% in the 48‐week SSR group, as determined by per‐protocol set analysis (p = 1.000). Significant histological improvements in histological activity (93.1% vs. 92.9%, p = 1.000) and fibrosis (41.4% vs. 46.4%, p = .701) were observed in both the groups. Biochemical normalization time did not differ between the two groups. No severe adverse events were observed.ConclusionsBoth the 36‐ and 48‐week SSR regimens demonstrated similar biochemical response and histological improvements with good safety, supporting 36‐week SSR as a preferable therapeutic choice (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03266146).
Revisiting the Phillips Curve: The Empirical Relationship Yet to be Validated*
Authors: Do Hoang‐Phuong , Spanos Aris 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Phillips curve began life in 1958 as a simple curve‐fitted relationship between the rates of wage inflation and unemployment and went on to play a crucial role in the broader development of macroeconomics, giving rise to several controversies about its interpretation and role in policy‐making. Recently, the traditional narrative about its theoretical underpinnings has been called into question as a sequence of ‘stories’ to provide support for particular theoretical perspectives on macroeconomics. The primary aim of this paper is to challenge the conventional wisdom relating to the Phillips curve being an attested empirical relationship, by showing that the empirical evidence of the most influential papers that helped to frame the traditional narrative is untrustworthy, in the sense that the probabilistic assumptions invoked by their inferences are invalid. That is, not only the traditional theory‐driven narrative is misleading, but the empirical evidence used to corroborate it is untrustworthy.
Mental Files
Authors: Goodman Rachel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe so‐called ‘mental files theory’ in the philosophy of mind stems from an analogy comparing object‐concepts to ‘files’, and the mind to a ‘filing system’. Though this analogy appears in philosophy of mind and language from the 1970s onward, it remains unclear to many how it should be interpreted. The central commitments of the mental files theory therefore also remain unclear. Based on influential uses of the file analogy within philosophy, I elaborate three central explanatory roles for mental files. Next, I outline several common criticisms of the file picture, which have been a source of resistance to the view. Finally, I outline several interpretations of the theory, thus highlighting that the best interpretation of the file‐theory's central analogy remains a live issue.
Political vigilantism in Ghana: Motives, membership, and financing
Authors: Antwi‐Boateng Osman , Braimah Mohammed Kamarideen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis comprehensive study of political vigilantism in Ghana examines the motives, membership, and financing of the phenomenon and proffers solutions to combat it. We use a qualitative methodology of personal interviews with a broad section of Ghanaian political stakeholders totaling 50 participants. This included 30 political vigilante members equally affiliated with the New Patriotic Party and the National Democratic Congress and selected from the vigilante hotbeds of the Northern, Upper East, and Ashanti regions of Ghana. The other political stakeholders total 20 and are made up of: five public political party executives, five civil society members, five police officers, and five local district assembly members. The motives include institutional weakness, winning political power, and economic and group solidarity. Membership involves family and friends, former security personnel, party members, and unemployed youth. Financing emanates from political parties, politicians, and the business class. We argue that patron–clientelism is the driving force behind political vigilantism and recommend more legal accountability for patrons, particularly through constitutional amendments guaranteeing a fixed term for the head of the police and separating the roles of Attorney General and Minister of Justice. This is to ensure that the former can impartially prosecute vigilante patrons. Punitive financial measures are also recommended to deter patrons, backed by sustained public education and more employment opportunities for the masses of unemployed youth—the bedrock of political vigilantism.Related ArticlesAkwei, Cynthia, Isaac S. Damoah, and Joseph Amankwah‐Amoah. 2020. “The Effects of Politics on the Implementation of Government Programs/Projects: Insights from a Developing Economy.” Politics & Policy 48(6): 1161–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12384.Asiegbu, Martin F., Okey Marcellus Ikeanyibe, Pius Otu Abang, Okwudili Chukwuma Nwosu, and Chuka Eugene Ugwu. 2024. “Natural Resource Fund Governance and the Institutionalization of Rent Seeking in Nigeria's Oil Sector.” Politics & Policy 52(1): Early View. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12579.Debrah, Emmanuel. 2016. “Decentralization, District Chief Executives, and District Assemblies in Ghana's Fourth Republic.” Politics & Policy 44 (1): 135–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12146.
Evaluation of Emergency Contraceptive Pill Use with Health Management Information Systems Data in Pakistan
Authors: Farid Shiza , Mohammed Khan , Bietsch Kristin , Emmart Priya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccording to the WHO, all clients should have access to a range of contraceptive methods, including at least one short‐term, one long‐term, one permanent, and one emergency method of contraception. While there are data on the contraceptive method mix available for many low‐ and middle‐income countries, there are limited data on emergency contraception (EC). This is likely due to some surveys not routinely collecting this information, how survey questions are asked, dual method use, and/or low levels of reported use of EC pill (ECP). Even with low reported use in surveys, contraceptive social marketing statistics from DKT International. show a trend in recent years of increasing product sales of ECPs. To understand a more complete scope of ECP use, we use Pakistan as a case study and analyze Pakistan's Demographic Health Survey (DHS) surveys and Pakistan's Contraceptives Logistics Management Systems. Based on commodities dispensed data for ECPs in 2021, about 0.4 percent of all married women in Pakistan use ECPs. While there is currently a small proportion of women, it is growing and the use of ECPs is not zero as indicated by the DHS. Therefore, where available, countries should review their health management information systems data alongside survey data for ECP use.
Oral consumption of Bonito fish‐derived elastin peptide (VGPG Elastin®) improves biophysical properties in aging skin: A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Seong Seol Hwa , Lee Young In , Lee Joohee , Suk Jangmi , Kim In Ah , Baeg Chaemin , Kim Jinhak , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the elastin peptide improves the skin's biophysical properties, enhancing the proliferation of fibroblasts and elastin synthesis, resulting in anti‐aging properties. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled study to clinically evaluate the effect of elastin peptide intake on human skin.Materials and MethodsHealthy adult participants (N = 100) were randomly assigned to receive a test product containing 100 mg of Bonito elastin peptide (VGPG Elastin®) or placebo. In this study, all participants were Asian from Korea. The parameters of skin wrinkles, hydration, and brightening (melanin index) were measured at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after intervention.ResultsThe average skin roughness, maximum peak‐to‐valley values, maximum peak height of the wrinkle, maximum valley depth of the wrinkle, average maximum height of the wrinkle, and eye wrinkle volume improved considerably in the test group compared with the placebo after 12 weeks of intervention. Skin hydration was enhanced, and the melanin index was significantly lower in the test group than in the placebo group. No participant experienced adverse events related to the test product.ConclusionOral consumption of Bonito elastin peptide (VGPG Elastin®) reduced fine wrinkles, enhanced skin moisture, and decreased melanin index without significant adverse effects and may be a promising anti‐wrinkle, anti‐dryness, and anti‐pigmentation treatment.
Efforts to Identify the Most Suitable RANS Turbulence Model for Accurate Conjugate Heat Transfer Prediction in Regenerative Cooled Nozzles
Authors: Khaled Bensayah , Khadidja Kamri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study presents a two-part numerical study aimed at improving the prediction and understanding of regenerative cooling in supersonic nozzles. The first objective was to identify the most appropriate Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model for accurately predicting conjugate heat transfer. Three turbulence models, Shear Stress Transport, Reynolds stress model (RSM)-ω, and RSM-ω with shear flow corrections (SFC), were tested through comparative analysis and simulations to evaluate their accuracy in predicting the heat flux rate and temperature on the nozzle wall. The results indicate that the RSM-ω turbulence model with shear flow corrections provides the best thermal prediction, achieving an improvement of 28% compared to the next-best model. The second part assesses the impact of key parameters on cooling efficiency. High coolant pressure proves advantageous for extremely hot-gas flow due to increased saturation temperature. Interestingly, the height of the cooling slot has less significance, suggesting other factors should be prioritized in film-cooling system design. The study also investigates the effectiveness of hydrogen coolant in reducing wall gas temperatures and preventing excessive heat that could melt the nozzle material. Transient results show that the gas-side wall temperature increases more rapidly than the coolant side during start-up and cooling the walls takes longer than reaching a steady-state for the hot-gas flow. The simulation results align well with experimental data, validating the accuracy and reliability of the numerical approach.