bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender‐based differences of percutaneous coronary intervention in the drug‐eluting stent era
Authors: Thompson Craig A. , Kaplan Aaron V. , Friedman Bruce J. , Jayne John E. , Gerling Barbara R. , Niles Nathaniel W. , Hettleman Bruce D. , Robb John F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study is to provide insights into percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed in women in the United States by evaluating gender‐based PCI‐practice patterns and outcomes. Background: Limited “real world” contemporary data exist on how the introduction of DES has impacted PCI in women. Methods and Results: Patients (359 women, 807 men) with de novo coronary artery disease having PCI (1,166) were evaluated during the first year, since the introduction of DES in the United States market (May 1, 2003 to April 30, 2004). Women were more likely to be older, hypertensive, obese, diabetic, and have heart failure. Men were more likely to be smokers and have more vessels with obstructive coronary artery disease. PCI procedural success rates, number of vessels attempted, percentage DES utilization, and in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE; death, new myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization) were similar for both genders. However, women had significantly higher unadjusted mortality (3.9% versus 1.6%, P = 0.01), cumulative vascular complications (12.0% versus 4.2%, P < 0.0001), and renal failure (2.5% versus 0.7%, P = 0.01). After adjustment for confounding variables, mortality was similar between genders, but a significant association with vascular complications and trend toward higher rates of renal failure persisted in women. Conclusions: In this study of the modern era of PCI with DES utilization, in‐hospital MACE is similar between men and women. However, the differences in baseline comorbidities and the proclivity for vascular and renal complications highlight the need for further investigation and improvements to optimize outcomes of PCI in women. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
1‐(1‐Phenethylpiperidin‐4‐yl)‐1‐phenylethanols as Potent and Highly Selective 5‐HT2A Antagonists
Authors: Heinrich Timo , Böttcher Henning , Prücher Helmut , Gottschlich Rudolf , Ackermann Karl‐August , van Amsterdam Christoph 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe discovery of a novel class of highly potent and selective 5‐HT2A antagonists is reported herein. Selectivity for the serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor was optimized, decreasing the affinity of these antagonists toward the adrenergic α1 and dopaminergic D2 receptors, and especially to the 5‐HT2C receptor. A series of corresponding 7‐substituted indoles is described for the first time as serotonergic ligands. The enantiomer R‐(+)‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1‐{1‐[2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperidin‐4‐yl} ethanol (R‐(+)‐74) was identified to have superior affinity for the serotonergic 5‐HT2A receptor [IC50=0.37 nM] and selectivity toward the dopaminergic D2‐ [IC50=2300 nM], adrenergic α1‐ [IC50=1000 nM] and 5‐HT2C receptors [IC50=490 nM].
In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Clitocine, an Exocyclic Amino Nucleoside Isolated from Lepista inversa
Authors: Fortin Hélène , Tomasi Sophie , Delcros Jean‐Guy , Bansard Jean‐Yves , Boustie Joël 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA biologically guided fractionation from Lepista inversa (Scop.: Fr.) led to the isolation of clitocine, an exocyclic amino nucleoside. This compound and two mixtures of β/α anomers (mixture A, 40:60 and mixture B, 80:20) were synthesized or isolated depending on the purification procedure. The β anomer and clitocine mixtures A and B showed similar cytotoxic activities with IC50 values ranging from 20.5 to 42 nM in murine cancer cell lines (3LL and L1210) and from 185 to 578 nM in human cancer cell lines (DU145, K‐562, MCF7, and U251). An in vivo study of mixture B was carried out on 3LL‐ and L1210‐tumor‐bearing mice. Clitocine solubilized in β‐hydroxypropylcyclodextrin and injected at concentrations of 0.5, 3, and 5 mg kg−1 did not significantly increase the survival rate and lifespan of 3LL‐tumor‐bearing mice. In contrast, clitocine showed antitumor activity on L1210‐tumor‐bearing mice with a significant increase in lifespan and a decrease in the development of ascites observed at 3 mg kg−1. The induction of apoptosis may be the basis of the antitumor activity of clitocine against L1210 as suggested by flow‐cytometry analysis of cells treated in vitro.
Remote Microwave PECVD for Continuous, Wide‐Area Coating Under Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Hopfe V. , Spitzl R. , Dani I. , Maeder G. , Roch L. , Rogler D. , Leupolt B. , Schoeneich B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn order to establish economic coating technologies for mass‐produced materials, the widely used, microwave plasma‐enhanced (PE) CVD technology has been extended to atmospheric pressure operation. Microwave plasma activation substantially widens the range of potential applications compared to conventional atmospheric CVD, because it is capable of processing temperature‐sensitive substrates. A cylinder‐type microwave cavity was scaled‐up to different working diameters. The half‐meter range has already been achieved, and further scale‐up potential can be demonstrated. The microwave source offers access to a spatially extended, homogeneous, stable, non‐thermal plasma, even in the downstream region. A range of gases can be used for plasma excitation, and the emanating plasma is clean because there is negligible wall interaction. Fluid dynamics modeling was used as a tool for both reactor design and process optimization. In‐situ process characterization was provided by spectroscopic methods (optical emission spectra (OES), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR)) and a range of atomic and molecular intermediates, precursor fragments, and reaction products were identified. A deep precursor fragmentation occurs in the remote plasma region leading to inorganic layer materials. Silica layers were deposited on stainless steel and glass. Deposition rates were in the range 15–100 nm s–1 (static) and 0.3–2.0 nm m s–1 (dynamic). Layer properties were determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry and FTIR reflectance spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA), and nano‐indentation. The optical properties and the network structure of the silica layers on both substrates are close to bulk silica.
Remote AP‐PECVD of Silicon Dioxide Films from Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO)
Authors: Alexandrov S. E. , McSporran N. , Hitchman M. L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper we report on a study of an AP‐PECVD process based on a simple, and very inexpensive, dielectric barrier discharge using a standard mains supply frequency. We have investigated the effect of a range of deposition parameters on the properties of silicon oxide layers grown from a HMDSO/O2/Ar system. It is shown that the flux of energetic species from the discharge generation is a critical parameter in determining the growth rate and characteristics of the deposited films. Growth rates up to 10 nm min–1 can be achieved and layer properties, such as refractive index and breakdown voltage, are comparable with those obtained by more conventional CVD processes. General optimum conditions for high growth rates and good quality films can be inferred from the results.
Can CRF1receptor antagonists become antidepressant and/or anxiolytic agents?
Authors: Overstreet David H. , Knapp Darin J. , Breese George R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSignificant progress has been made in the development of several nonpeptide antagonists of the type 1 receptor for corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF). The present review outlines the properties of this drug class that point to their potential as agents for depression and/or anxiety. Behavioral tests of CRF1receptor antagonists relevant to depression have been mixed. For example, most CRF1receptor antagonists did not lower swim test immobility in a subacute paradigm, where three injections of the drug are given in the 24 hrs between a 15‐min pre‐swim and a 5‐min test swim. However, reliable effects in other tests of antidepressant action were observed in the chronic mild stress protocol or the Flinders Sensitive Line rat that exhibits innately high swim test immobility when the drugs were given chronically. Because these latter tests have a very good record of predicting antidepressant activity, CRF1receptor antagonists are good candidates for clinical trials for depression. Evidence indicates that the CRF1receptor antagonists do not exhibit changes in anxiety‐like behavior under basal conditions. However, this drug class effectively blocks the anxiogenic states produced by withdrawal from chronic alcohol, by exposure to stress, or in rats selectively bred for high anxiety. CRF1receptor antagonists also prevent the anxiety associated with multiple ethanol withdrawals when given only during the earlier withdrawals. Thus, these agents may also have clinically relevant anxiolytic effects, not only in individuals with anxiety disorders but also in individuals who have anxiety episodes during alcohol or drug withdrawal. Drug Dev. Res. 65:191–204, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NBI 30775 (R121919), an orally active antagonist of the corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) type‐1 receptor for the treatment of anxiety and depression
Authors: Chen Chen , Grigoriadis Dimitri E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSince the discovery of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), extensive research has attempted to provide novel treatment strategies for diseases related to the malfunctions of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) system. In depression, cerebrospinal fluid levels of CRF are higher than that in normal individuals. Specifically, increased CRF signaling via the CRF1 receptor is thought to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of major depression and anxiety disorders. Consequently, a number of compounds have been in various stages of development targeting the postulated overactivity of CRF/CRF1‐receptor signaling. NBI 30775, also known as R121919, is a potent, selective, and functional antagonist of the human CRF1 receptor that was being developed as a potentially novel treatment for anxiety and depression. In pharmacological assays in vitro, NBI 30775 was shown to be a potent functional antagonist at the CRF1 receptor, while having little affinity at the CRF2 receptor subtype. In animal studies, this translated into central CRF1 receptor inhibition determined by ex vivo binding studies. NBI 30775 was able to reduce stress‐induced elevations of plasma ACTH. It also exhibited behavioral effects in several animal models measuring both anxiety and depression, which included elevate plus maze, defense withdrawal, and tail suspension tests. Finally, in an open‐label dose‐escalation Phase 2a clinical study in patients with major depressive disorder, NBI 30775 was able to reduce the scores on self‐rated or physician‐administered depression scales in the patients. Although there were no untoward effects seen in the Phase 2a study, the clinical development of this compound was discontinued because of a reversible elevation of liver enzyme activity in two healthy volunteers in a parallel Phase I dose‐escalation study. This first clinical experience has certainly had a positive impact in the efforts to find a safe CRF1 receptor antagonist as a novel therapeutic for depression‐ and anxiety‐related disorders. Drug Dev. Res. 65:216–226, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiotensin II AT1receptor antagonists inhibit the angiotensin‐CRF‐AVP axis and are potentially useful for the treatment of stress‐related and mood disorders
Authors: Saavedra Juan M. , Pavel Jaroslav 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), arginine‐vasopressin (AVP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and Angiotensin II (Ang II) interact, regulating the central sympathetic system, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, and the central behavioral mechanisms involved in the response to stress and the development of mood disorders. Non‐peptidic, orally active AVP V1, V3, or CRF1receptor antagonists reduce anxiety in animals. ANP is anxiolytic when administered to rodents and humans with anxiety disorders. These compounds are being developed for the therapy of anxiety and depression, but their clinical efficacy has not yet been established.Brain Ang II, a physiological ANP antagonist, promotes CRF and AVP release and stimulates the peripheral and central sympathetic systems. The degree of Ang II AT1receptor stimulation determines the response to stress. An orally active, non‐peptidic Ang II AT1receptor antagonist blocks CRF and AVP release during stress, prevents the sympathoadrenal and hormonal stress reaction, the cortical CRF1and benzodiazepine receptor alterations, facilitates the effects of ANP, prevents stress‐induced gastric ulcerations, and is anxiolytic in rodents. CRF, AVP, ANP, and the sympathetic system are intimately linked parts of a fundamental regulatory mechanism controlled by the brain Ang II system through AT1receptor stimulation, and should be studied together. Selective, safe antagonists of Ang II AT1receptors, with central effects after oral administration, have been actively used for the treatment of hypertension and should be considered also as potential anti‐stress, anti‐anxiety, and antidepressant compounds with properties similar or superior to the CRF and AVP antagonists or the ANP agonists under development. Drug Dev. Res. 65:237–269, 2005. © Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The brain renin–angiotensin system: a target for novel antidepressants and anxiolytics
Authors: Gard Paul R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe renin–angiotensin system is best known for its role in the control of blood pressure, but a separate brain renin–angiotensin system exists that influences behaviour and affect. Since the development of drugs designed to reduce renin–angiotensin system activity for treatment of cardiovascular disorders, it has become increasingly apparent that these drugs also have central effects and thus may be of use in the treatment of affective disorders. Animal studies indicate that angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and AT1receptor antagonists exhibit antidepressant activity; furthermore, clinically proven antidepressants appear to reduce angiotensin function. In humans, the evidence suggests that depression may be weakly associated with an abnormality of the renin–angiotensin system and that these drugs may be able to alleviate depression in hypertensive patients. They have yet to be tested in normotensive depressed patients, although they are without psychological effect in healthy volunteers. In the case of anxiety, similar findings exist. Animal models indicate an anxiolytic effect of ACE inhibitors and AT1receptor antagonists, and a reduction in the response to stress. In humans, the use of these drugs in hypertensive patients has been shown to be accompanied by a reduction in anxiety scores, but they have not been tested in normotensive, anxious patients and they have no effect in healthy volunteers. If these drugs are to be further developed for use in the treatment of affective disorders, the potential for hypotensive adverse effects needs to be addressed and the possibility of specific genotype differences in responses to therapy needs to be recognised. Drug Dev. Res. 65:270–277, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential use of neurosteroids and neuroactive steroids as modulators of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychotic disorders
Authors: Dubrovsky Bernardo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe term “neurosteroid” (NS) was introduced by Baulieu in 1981 to name a steroid hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), that was found at high levels in the brain long after gonadectomy and adrenalectomy, and shown later to be synthesized by the brain. The term “neuroactive steroid” (NAS) refers to steroids that, independent of their origin, are capable of modifying neural activities. NASs bind and modulate different types of membrane receptors. The γ‐amino butyric acid (GABA) and Sigma receptor complexes have been the most extensively studied, while glycine chloride channels, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and voltage‐activated calcium channels, although less explored, are also modulated by NASs. Within the glutamate receptor family,N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and kainate receptors have been shown to be targets for NA and NAS modulation. Inside the neuron, Oxidized ring A reduced pregnanes, tetrahydroprogesterone (THP), and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) bind to the progesterone intracellular receptor (PR) and in this way can also regulate gene expression. Animal experimentation showed that cardinal symptoms of depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and memory dysfunctions are partly regulated by NAS. In turn, NAS and NS levels are modulated by psychotropic medications. NS levels, as well as NAS plasma concentrations, change in patients with depression syndromes, the levels return to normal baseline with recovery, but normalization is not necessary for successful therapy. Rather than with nosological syndromes and psychiatric disorders, NAS and NS steroid levels seem to correlate with specific symptoms. Hence, it will be profitable to search for and establish symptom‐steroid relationships, as well as pharmacological and endogenous factors that can modulate NS biosynthesis and NAS formation, to be able to use these steroids in therapy. Drug Dev Res 65:318–334, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muriceanol, a 24(28)‐Epoxide Sterol Link in the Carbon Flux Toward Side‐Chain Dealkylation of Sterols
Authors: Lorenzo Manuel , Cueto Mercedes , D’Croz Luis , Maté Juan L. , San‐Martín Aurelio , Darias José 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSide‐chain‐oxidized C‐28‐sterol 1 and one new pregnane metabolite 2 were isolated from eastern Pacific Muricea spp. The C‐24(28)‐epoxide functionality is a key intermediate in the C‐24‐dealkylation mechanism of the conversion of phytosterol to cholesterol by phytophagous insects. Certain marine invertebrates share this dealkylation pathway; however, such a key epoxide feature has not yet been found in a naturally occurring sterol from marine invertebrates. The unusual oxidation pattern of the side chain of 1 encourages speculation about its biogenesis and converts this non‐zooxanthellate gorgonia into an interesting candidate organism for biosynthetic studies on C‐24‐dealkylation of phytosterols in octocorals. The (22S)‐22‐hydroxy group, after 24‐dealkylation of 1, may be an advantageous functionalization in the side‐chain cleavage to C‐21‐pregnane steroids in Muricea spp. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The Chinese interbank repo market: An analysis of term premiums
Authors: Fan Longzhen , Zhang Chu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBecause of the lack of short‐term government bonds, the interbank repo market in China has been providing the best information about market‐driven short‐term interest rates since its inception. This article examines the behavior of the repo rates of various terms and their term premiums. The work in this article supplements the study by F. Longstaff (2000), which reports supportive evidence for the pure expectations hypothesis over the short range of the term structure with the use of repo data from the United States. It is found that the pure expectations hypothesis is statistically rejected, although the term premiums are economically small. It is shown that the short‐term repo rate, repo rate volatility, repo market liquidity, and repo rate spreads are all important in determining the term premiums. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:153–167, 2006
A random coefficient autoregressive Markov regime switching model for dynamic futures hedging
Authors: Lee Hsiang‐Tai , Yoder Jonathan K. , Mittelhammer Ron C. , McCluskey Jill J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe random coefficient autoregressive Markov regime switching model (RCARRS) for estimating optimal hedge ratios, which generalizes the random coefficient autoregressive (RCAR) and Markov regime switching (MRS) models, is introduced. RCARRS, RCAR, MRS, BEKK‐GARCH, CC‐GARCH, and OLS are compared with the use of aluminum and lead futures data. RCARRS outperforms all models out‐of‐sample for lead and is second only to BEKK‐GARCH for aluminum in terms of variancereduction point estimates. White's data‐snooping reality check null hypothesis of no superiority is rejected for BEKK‐GARCH and RCARRS for aluminum, but not for lead. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 26:103–129, 2006
A two‐step procedure for constructing confidence intervals of trait loci with application to a rheumatoid arthritis dataset
Authors: Papachristou Charalampos , Lin Shili 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPreliminary genome screens are usually succeeded by fine mapping analyses focusing on the regions that signal linkage. It is advantageous to reduce the size of the regions where follow‐up studies are performed, since this will help better tackle, among other things, the multiplicity adjustment issue associated with them. We describe a two‐step approach that uses a confidence set inference procedure as a tool for intermediate mapping (between preliminary genome screening and fine mapping) to further localize disease loci. Apart from the usual Hardy‐Weiberg and linkage equilibrium assumptions, the only other assumption of the proposed approach is that each region of interest houses at most one of the disease‐contributing loci. Through a simulation study with several two‐locus disease models, we demonstrate that our method can isolate the position of trait loci with high accuracy. Application of this two‐step procedure to the data from the Arthritis Research Campaign National Repository also led to highly encouraging results. The method not only successfully localized a well‐characterized trait contributing locus on chromosome 6, but also placed its position to narrower regions when compared to their LOD support interval counterparts based on the same data. Genet. Epidemiol. 30:18–29, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The value of relatives with phenotypes but missing genotypes in association studies for quantitative traits
Authors: Visscher Peter M. , Duffy David L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe additional statistical power of association studies for quantitative traits was derived when ungenotyped relatives with phenotypes are included in the analysis. It was shown that the extra power is a simple function of the coefficient of additive genetic relationship and the phenotypic correlation coefficient between the genotyped and ungenotyped relatives. For close relatives, such as pairs of fullsibs and identical twin pairs, gains in power in the range of 10 to 30% are achieved if only one of the pair is genotyped. The theoretical results were verified by simulations. It was shown that ignoring the error in estimating the genotype of the ungenotyped relative has little impact on the estimates and on statistical power, consistent with results from quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage studies. For genome‐wide association studies in which not all relatives with phenotypes can be genotyped, our study provides a prediction of the additional power of an analysis that includes phenotypes on ungenotyped individuals, and can be used in experimental design. We show that a two‐step procedure, in which missing genotypes are imputed and subsequently an association analysis is performed, is efficient and powerful. Genet. Epidemiol. 30:30–36, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.