bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiolytic‐like effects of the selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist MPEP after its intra‐amygdaloid microinjection in three different non‐conditioned rat models of anxiety
Authors: De La Mora Miguel Pérez , Lara‐García Daniel , Jacobsen Kirsten X. , Vázquez‐García Mariana , Crespo‐Ramírez Minerva , Flores‐Gracia Candy , Escamilla‐Marvan Edgardo , Fuxe Kjell 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe intercalated islands, clusters of dopamine D1‐rich GABAergic neurons, are interposed between the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala, and control the traffic of nerve impulses between these two structures. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5‐ (mGluR5)‐like immunoreactivity was studied by immunohistochemistry in this part of the amygdala and was found to be mainly restricted to the central and basolateral nuclei and to a lesser extent to the medial paracapsular intercalated islands. The role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the modulation of anxiety has been studied in this region by microinjection of small volumes of the mGluR5 antagonist 2‐methyl‐6(phenylethenyl) pyridine (MPEP), with restricted diffusion from its injection site, into the rostral amygdala near the basolateral and central amygdaloid nuclei and the intercalated islands, and the behavior of the animals was evaluated using three non‐conditioned models of anxiety. Anxiolytic‐like effects were observed after MPEP administration in all tests used. In the White and Black Box test, MPEP (2 nmol per side) significantly increased the time spent in the white compartment of the box. In line with these results, MPEP (8 nmol per side) increased the exploration of the open arms of the Elevated Plus‐Maze. Burying behavior latency was increased and burying behavior itself was decreased in the Shock‐Probe Burying test. It is suggested that anxiolytic effects of MPEP may be mediated by blockade of mGluR5 in the basolateral and/or central amygdaloid nuclei, reducing glutamate transmission in the basolateral amygdaloid nuclei and glutamate output from the central amygdala.
Chronic fluoxetine induces region‐specific changes in translation factor eIF4E and eEF2 activity in the rat brain
Authors: Dagestad Grethe , Kuipers Sjoukje D. , Messaoudi Elhoucine , Bramham Clive R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe delayed therapeutic onset observed in response to chronic antidepressant drug treatment is little understood. While current theories emphasize effects on gene transcription, possible effects of antidepressant drugs on translation control pathways have not been explored. We examined the effect of the selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine on regulation of two major determinants of mRNA translation, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). Chronic fluoxetine treatment induced hyperphosphorylation of eEF2 (Thr56) in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and dentate gyrus of rats. By contrast, phosphorylation of eIF4E (Ser209) was observed specifically in the dentate gyrus. Acute fluoxetine treatment had no effect on translational factor activity. These findings suggest that region‐specific regulation of translation contributes to the delayed action of antidepressant drugs such as fluoxetine.
Assessment of neuromuscular and haemodynamic activity in individuals with and without chronic low back pain
Authors: McKeon Melissa D , Albert Wayne J , Neary J Patrick 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundBiering-Sørenson (1984) found that individuals with less lumbar extensor muscle endurance had an increased occurrence of first episode low back pain. As a result, back endurance tests have been recommended for inclusion in health assessment protocols. However, different studies have reported markedly different values for endurance times, leading some researchers to believe that the back is receiving support from the biceps femoris and gluteus maximus. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the haemodynamic and neuromuscular activity of the erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus musculature during the Biering-Sørenson Muscular Endurance Test (BSME).MethodsSeventeen healthy individuals and 46 individuals with chronic low back pain performed the Biering-Sørenson Muscular Endurance Test while surface electromyography was used to quantify neuromuscular activity. Disposable silver-silver-chloride electrodes were placed in a bipolar arrangement over the right or left biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and the lumbosacral paraspinal muscles at the level of L3. Near Infrared Spectroscopy was used simultaneously to measure tissue oxygenation and blood volume changes of the erector spinae and biceps femoris.ResultsThe healthy group displayed a significantly longer time to fatigue (Healthy: 168.5s, LBP: 111.1s; p ≤ 0.05). Significant differences were shown in the median frequency slope of the erector spinae between the two groups at 90–100% of the time to fatigue while no significant differences were noted in the haemodynamic data for the two groups.ConclusionAlthough the BSME has been recognized as a test for back endurance, individuals with chronic LBP appear to incorporate a strategy that may help support the back musculature by utilizing the biceps femoris and gluteus maximus to a greater degree than their healthy counterparts.
Group interpersonal psychotherapy for depression in rural Uganda: 6-month outcomes
Authors: Bass Judith , Neugebauer Richard , Clougherty Kathleen F. , Verdeli Helen , Wickramaratne Priya , Ndogoni Lincoln , Speelman Liesbeth , Weissman Myrna , Bolton Paul 
Published: May 2006

BackgroundA randomised controlled trial comparing group interpersonal psychotherapy with treatment as usual among rural Ugandans meeting symptom and functional impairment criteria for DSM–IV major depressive disorder or sub-threshold disorder showed evidence of effectiveness immediately following the intervention.AimsTo assess the long-term effectiveness of this therapy over a subsequent 6-month period.MethodA follow-up study of trial participants was conducted in which the primary outcomes were depression diagnosis, depressive symptoms and functional impairment.ResultsAt 6 months, participants receiving the group interpersonal psychotherapy had mean depression symptom and functional impairment scores respectively 14.0 points (95% CI 12.2–15.8; P < 0.0001) and 5.0 points (95% CI 3.6–6.4; P < 0.0001) lower than the control group. Similarly, the rate of major depression among those in the treatment arm (11.7%) was significantly lower than that in the control arm (54.9%) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsParticipation in a 16-week group interpersonal psychotherapy intervention continued to confer a substantial mental health benefit 6 months after conclusion of the formal intervention.
Quality of Life Among Long-Term Adolescent and Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Maunsell Elizabeth , Pogany Lisa , Barrera Maru , Shaw Amanda K. , Speechley Kathy N. 
Published: May 2006

Purpose We assessed effects of childhood or adolescent cancer on quality of life among adolescent and adult cancer survivors, a group who are thought to be at particular risk for adverse late effects. Patients and Methods We studied 1,334 survivors and 1,477 age- and sex-matched, general population controls from across Canada using a mailed questionnaire which included the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and measures of self-esteem, optimism, and life satisfaction. General linear models and logistic regression were used. Survivor-control differences corresponding to an effect size (ES) ≥ 0.5 were considered clinically important. Results Participants were age 15 years to 37 years. Most survivors (83.8%) were diagnosed ≥ 10 years earlier. Fewer survivors (62.1%) than controls (71.1%) reported very good or excellent general health (adjusted odds ratio, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.7). However, quality of life differences between survivors and controls were small, and for the most part probably not clinically important. Three clinical characteristics—having had CNS or bone cancer, more than one treatment series, and ≥ two organs with a dysfunction at treatment end—were independently associated with poorer quality of life in the physical dimensions. Only survivors with ≥ two organs with dysfunction (8.7%) reported poorer quality of life in both physical and psychosocial domains, with several clinically important ES. The largest ES for the SF-36 physical summary scores were found in the 8% of survivors with two or three of these characteristics simultaneously, compared with those survivors who had none (−0.79 and −1.13, respectively). Conclusion Overall, a sizeable majority of adolescent and adult long-term survivors of childhood cancer in Canada appear to have adapted well.
The Detection of Salivary Minerals in Smokers and Non‐Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis by the Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry Technique
Authors: Erdemir Ebru Olgun , Erdemir Ali 
Published: May 2006

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on the salivary minerals in subjects with chronic periodontitis by the inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP‐AES) technique.Methods: The study group included 24 subjects–12 smokers and 12 non‐smokers–with chronic periodontitis. Clinical measurements and non‐stimulated whole saliva were obtained, and the levels of five elements–sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate–in each specimen were analyzed.Results: When the clinical parameters were compared between groups, only plaque index was significantly higher in smokers than non‐smokers (P <0.05). The mean plaque index of smokers and non‐smokers was 1.93 ± 0.51 and 1.51 ± 0.39, respectively. The results of this study showed that there were no significant differences between groups in the mineral content of saliva. In smokers, there were positive correlations between the levels of calcium, sodium, and magnesium and clinical attachment level. There was also a positive correlation between the level of phosphate and the percentage of bleeding on probing. In non‐smokers, there was a negative correlation only between the mean level of sodium and plaque index (P <0.05).Conclusions: The present study showed that no significant differences were found between the mineral content of saliva of smokers and non‐smokers by the ICP‐AES technique. It is a useful, fast, and sensitive technique compared to other techniques, and it can be advised for researchers while analyzing the mineral content of saliva.
Hip Fracture Risk Among Community-Dwelling Elderly People in the United States: A Prospective Study of Physical, Cognitive, and Socioeconomic Indicators
Authors: Wilson Robin Taylor , Chase Gary A. , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Wallace Robert B. 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. We determined risks of short-term (2-year) hip fracture in a nationally representative, prospective cohort of community-dwelling elderly people 70 years or older. Methods. We used self-report data from 2 waves of the Asset and Health Dynamics Survey (n = 5630). Sample-weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine risk of hip fracture in relation to several demographic, cognitive, physical, and socioeconomic indicators. Results. During the 2-year study period, 102 participants reported a new hip fracture. Several indicators of physical functioning and cognitive status, including incorrect delayed word recall and inability to lift 10 lbs (4.5 kg), were significantly associated with hip fracture risk. In the final model, mobile home residents, individuals without Medicare part B insurance, and those without a high-school diploma were at more than a 2-fold risk of hip fracture. Educational level, physical functioning, and insurance status were the top 3 contributors to hip fracture risk. Conclusions. In addition to functional status measures, health insurance status, educational level, and type of residence appear to be independent predictors of hip fracture.
Outdoor Falls Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Neglected Public Health Problem
Authors: Li Wenjun , Keegan Theresa H.M. , Sternfeld Barbara , Sidney Stephen , Quesenberry Charles P. , Kelsey Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. Although risk factors for indoor falls among older individuals have been well studied, little is known about the etiology of outdoor falls. We examined risk factors for outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults. Methods. We analyzed data on the most recent fall during the past year among participants aged 45 years and older in the control group (N=2193) of a case–control study of fractures. The study was conducted at 5 Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers between 1996 and 2001. Results. Falls occurred outdoors more often than indoors among most age groups. Study participants who reported more leisure-time physical activity had a higher risk for outdoor falls, and participants who were in poorer health had a greater risk for indoor falls. Most outdoor falls (73%) were precipitated by environmental factors, such as uneven surfaces and tripping or slipping on objects, and usually occurred on sidewalks, curbs, and streets. Walking (47.3%) was the most common fall-related activity. Conclusions. Outdoor falls among adults aged 45 years and older were frequently attributable to modifiable environmental factors. With the widespread promotion of active lifestyles among older people, improvements in their outdoor environment are urgently needed.
The sedimentation of papermaking fibers
Authors: Young E. W. K. , Martinez D. M. , Olson J. A. , Buckley K. , Jivan S. , Ruth T. J. , Sossi V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe motion of 18F radioactively labeled papermaking fibers settling in the midst of a suspension of nonradioactive fibers has been studied using positron emission tomography (PET). Various fractions were separated from the whole‐pulp suspension, radioactively labeled, and reintroduced into the original suspension. Tracer concentration profiles were measured dynamically throughout the sedimenting structure over the first 2 h of settling. These profiles were then used in conjunction with the Eulerian volume‐averaged two‐phase flow equations to estimate the permeability and solid‐phase stress functions for this suspension. Good agreement was found between the experimental data and the numerical model using particular functional forms for permeability and solid stress. The general approach outlined here can be used to examine the networking characteristics of different mixed suspensions of fibers. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Serum adiponectin levels in cholesterol and pigment cholelithiasis
Authors: Wang S-N , Yeh Y-T , Yu M-L , Wang C-L , Lee K-T 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
Altered adiponectin levels are associated with metabolic abnormalities. The aim of this study was to explore the role of adiponectin in cholelithiasis.

Methods
A radioimmunoassay was used to determine serum adiponectin levels in 58 patients with cholesterol gallstones and 47 with pigment gallstones, and 101 healthy controls. The chemical composition of extracted gallstones was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Results
The mean(s.d.) adiponectin level was decreased in patients with cholesterol gallstones (7·6(4·1) µg/ml; P &lt; 0·001) but raised in patients with pigment gallstones (17·9(9·0) µg/ml; P &lt; 0·001) in comparison with healthy controls (11·7(6·5) µg/ml). Decreased adiponectin levels (odds ratio (OR) 0·85 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·76 to 0·96); P = 0·008) and female sex (OR 6·06 (95 per cent c.i. 2·10 to 17·46); P = 0·001) were associated with cholesterol gallstone formation. Increased adiponectin levels (OR 1·11 (95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·22); P = 0·025) and increased age (OR 1·06 (95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·12); P = 0·029) were associated with pigment gallstone formation. Raised serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration was a risk factor for both cholesterol (OR 1·16 (95 per cent c.i. 1·03 to 1·30); P = 0·013) and pigment (OR 1·23 (95 per cent c.i. 1·10 to 1·38); P &lt; 0·001) gallstones.

Conclusion
Gallstone formation is associated with altered serum adiponectin levels. Serum adiponectin might serve as a novel marker for cholesterol and pigment cholelithiasis.
High expression levels of survivin protein independently predict a poor outcome for patients who undergo surgery for clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Parker Alexander S. , Kosari Farhad , Lohse Christine M. , Houston Thompson R. , Kwon Eugene D. , Murphy Linda , Riehle Darren L. , Blute Michael L. , Leibovich Bradley C. , Vasmatzis George , Cheville John C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn a previous study of gene array data, the authors identified survivin as a candidate marker of aggressiveness in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). What remained in question was whether survivin expression at the protein level is an independent predictor of disease progression and cancer‐specific survival.METHODSBetween 1990 and 1994, 312 patients underwent nephrectomy for ccRCC at Mayo Clinic Rochester and had paraffin tissue available. The authors performed immunohistochemistry with antisurvivin antibody, quantitated the expression by using an image‐analysis system, and analyzed the association of survivin expression with disease progression and cancer‐specific survival.RESULTSWithin the cohort, 97 patients (31.1%) had high levels of survivin expression. Patients who had high survivin expression levels were at significantly increased risk of death from RCC compared with patients who had low expression levels (risk ratio [RR], 5.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.5–7.9). The 5‐year cancer‐specific survival rate was 43.0% for patients with high survivin expression and 87.2% for patients with low survivin expression. In multivariate analysis, survivin expression remained associated with death from RCC even after adjusting for the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; 2002 Tumor, Lymph Node, Metastases (TNM) stage groupings and nuclear grade (RR, 2.4; 95%CI, 1.5–3.8); and the Mayo Clinic composite TNM stage groupings, tumor size, nuclear grade, and tumor necrosis (SSIGN) score (RR, 1.8; 95%CI, 1.1–2.9). Among 273 patients who had localized ccRCC, survivin expression was associated significantly with cancer progression (RR, 3.9; 95%CI, 2.4–6.2).CONCLUSIONSSurvivin expression is an independent predictor of ccRCC progression and death from RCC. Thus, survivin has the potential to offer additional prognostic information and to provide a novel target for the development of new adjuvant therapies. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Pattern of carcinoembryonic antigen drop after laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Ghanamah Mohammed , Berber Eren , Siperstein Allan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDLaparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is being increasingly used for local control of hepatic metastasis from colorectal carcinoma (CRC). After surgical resection of colorectal liver metastasis, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values fall within 2 weeks, making this a useful parameter to follow shortly after surgery. Little is known, however, about the expected pattern of the CEA drop after RFA.METHODSFrom September 1998 to October 2002, RFA to CRC liver metastasis was performed on 144 patients. A subset of 17 patients were studied who had no evidence of extrahepatic disease preoperatively, had all detectable tumor ablated intraoperatively, and who on long‐term follow‐up (up to 15 months) had no evidence of recurrent disease. Serum CEA was determined preoperatively, on the first postoperative day, at 1 week, and every 3 months afterwards. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis was obtained every 3 months postoperatively.RESULTSTen (58.8%) patients showed an increase in CEA on postoperative Day 1, averaging 38.3% compared with the preoperative value. CEA then fell to 50% of the preoperative value, on average, on Day 7 postoperatively and only reached its nadir at 3 months.CONCLUSIONSUnlike resection patients, those undergoing ablation show an initial rise in CEA, probably due to release from the ablated tissue. Although heating of RFA would be expected to destroy CEA, the initial rise and slow drop postoperatively argue for a release of immunoreactive CEA from the ablated zone. This slow decline in CEA indicates that several months should pass before assessing the extent of potential residual disease. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The contribution to adolescent well‐being made by nonfamily adults: An examination of developmental assets as contexts and processes
Authors: Scales Peter C. , Benson Peter L. , Mannes Marc 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe contribution of nonfamily adults to young people's well‐being was explored using both a cross‐sectional national sample of 614 12‐ to 17‐yearolds and a longitudinal sample of 370 students followed from 6th–8th grades through 10th–12th grades. Both variable‐ and person‐centered analyses were employed. Young people's involvement in volunteering, youth programs, and religious organizations was hypothesized to increase the frequency as well as the quality of their relationships with nonfamily adults. Greater community involvement was related to (a) greater and qualitatively different kinds of engagement with nonfamily adults; (b) higher levels of positive developmental processes of support, empowerment, and boundary setting; (c) lower levels of risk behaviors; and (d) higher levels of thriving. The results suggest the utility of positive youth development theory, research, and applications for predicting and enhancing young people's concurrent and longer‐term well‐being. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterisation of the leaf meals, protein concentrates and residues from some tropical leguminous plants
Authors: Agbede J Oluwasola 
Published: May 2006

AbstractLeaf meals (LMs) from freshly harvested leaves of butterfly pea (Centrosema pubescens), devil bean (Mucuna pruriens), flamboyant flower (Delonix regia), Bauhinia tomentosa, coast wattle (Acacia auriculiformis), quick stick (Glyricidia sepium) and ipil‐ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) were analysed for their nutrient and anti‐nutritional content. Then, leaf protein concentrates (LPCs) were produced from the leaves by fractionation and characterised along with the fibrous residues. On average, the LM contained 181 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) CP (range: 100–280 g kg−1 DM), 139 g kg−1 DM crude fibre (range: 77–230 g kg−1 DM) and 133 g kg−1 DM ether extract (range: 86–165 g kg−1 DM) while the gross energy averaged 17.0 MJ kg−1. On average, leaf protein fractionation enhanced the CP, ether extract and the gross energy in the LPC by 39.5%, 33.5% and 22.0%, respectively, while the crude fibre of the LMs was reduced by 41%, on average, in the LPCs. Fractionation reduced the mineral content of the leaves generally. The mean phytin content varied from 0.36 g kg−1 in LPCs to 0.86 g kg−1 in leaf meal, while the mean phytin‐P content varied from 0.10 g kg−1 in LPCs to 0.24 g kg−1 in leaf meal. The total phenol levels in the LMs were reduced by 33.7% in the LPCs, on average. These results suggest that, while the LPCs from these plants could be used as protein supplements in non‐ruminant feeds in regions where there is an acute shortage of plant protein, the LMs or LPC fibrous residues could be fed to ruminant animals. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry