bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing policy governance the slow way
Authors: Mitchell Brian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIN 1989, the Edmonton (Alberta) Catholic School Division—a publicly funded Catholic school division—began a slow and painstaking process of implementing Policy Governance. Though all involved were aware that in principle Policy Governance is best implemented quickly and completely, this board, which had been in existence for 110 years, needed more time. Finally, in 1997, the switch was completed. Where did the board find the discipline to keep moving toward Policy Governance? Brian Mitchell, who has been on the board since 1992, explains it was part necessity, part patience, and part dedication to pursuing the board's mission. The division's ends policies appear in the sidebar on page 2.
Finding unity and strength through board diversity
Authors: Tremaine Leslie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhen Louisiana's Jefferson Parish Human Services Authority was first created nine years ago, its board was made up of a fairly traditional group of people—the kind, says executive director Leslie Tremaine. who “typically get named by folks to do things like this.” But in the intervening years the makeup of the board changed considerably so that it is now truly diverse. This change didn't happen on its own; it took a conscious effort on the part of the board. Tremaine describes how the group went about achieving board diversity and how this diversity is making a difference.
Profile of a board member
Authors: Engle Steve , Andrews Jerome 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSteve Engle and Jerome Andrews of the Associated Locksmiths of America (ALOA) present here a profile they devised to instruct their board's nominating committee when seeking new members. In commenting on their purpose in developing this profile, Engle and Andrews observed, “Board members are trustees for the membership and consequently must bear initial responsibility for the integrity of governance. The board is responsible for its own development, its own job design, its own discipline, and its own performance”.Further, they said, and the board agreed, that “in order to recruit quality members to the ALOA board of directors, the board should be sure to let candidates know before they come on the board that the system used is Policy Governance. We must let our prospective new members know how the board sees the job of governance. They can then make an informed choice about their willingness to serve”.
Surviving the transition: Reigniting the passion
Authors: Loucks Randee 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhen new members join a Policy Governance board, it is imperative that they be thoroughly oriented to the theory and practice of the model. Well‐planned orientation not only ensures that new members will be stewards of good governance but also helps veteran members revitalize their own commitment to the model. In this article, Randee Loucks breaks down, orientation into a logical five‐step process.
Policy governance as a value investment: Succession planning
Authors: Moore Jannice 
Published: July 2007

AbstractImplementing Policy Governance requires a significant investment of time, effort, and money. This is the first of several articles that will examine behaviors of boards that invest wisely in Policy Governance. How can they be sure to make a “value investment” that will stand the test of time, rather than a “day trade” with possible short‐term gain but not necessarily substantive gain in the long run? Based on her experience with a variety of boards that have implemented the model, Jannice Moore shares some of the conditions and behaviors that contribute to value investing. In this article, she considers the importance of succession planning. Future articles will consider the role of good information and planning in making Policy Governance a value investment.
Means, ends, and ideals
Authors: Carver John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, John Carver considers the ends policies of a women's center. He finds an unusually well conceived ends statement but also uncovers a common error in the crafting of mega‐ends policies. Like so many other organizations, this one appears to have committed itself to an end so ambitious as to be practically unattainable. The article shows that it is important to distinguish between a vision of a better world that motivates a board and a result that a board can realistically commit its organization to accomplish in the world.
Value investing: A governance action plan
Authors: Moore Jannice 
Published: July 2007

AbstractImplementing Folicy Governance involves a significant investment of time, effort, and money. This is the second of several articles that will examine behaviors of boards that invest wisely in Policy Governance. How can they be sure to make a “value investment” that will stand the test of time, rather than a “day trade” with possible short‐term gain but not necessarily substantive gain in the long run? Based on her experience with a variety of boards that have implemented the model, Jannice Moore shares some of the conditions and behaviors that contribute to value investing. In Issue 60 of Board Leadership, she discussed succession planning, orientation for prospective and new board members, length of tenure, and the need to be committed to the principles of the model, even when the goinggets rough. In this article, she introduces the idea of a Governance Action Plan (GAP). A GAP is not the establishment of ends policies but rather a tool that boards can use to set realistic objectives for themselves and to monitor their own progress in their implementation of Policy Governance.
Policy governance and other governance models compared
Authors: Oliver Caroline 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMany observers would say that Policy Governance is the first “governance model,” but boards are presented with a range of other options. In this article, Caroline Oliver gives an overview of those other options. What are they? How do they function? Are they really models, or are they merely descriptions of some common board arrangements? What are their relative advantages and disadvantages? And most important, are they likely to foster good governance?
Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activities of Novel 1H‐Triazole Derivatives Based on the Structure of the Active Site of Fungal Lanosterol 14α‐Demethylase (CYP51)
Authors: Zhao Qing‐Jie , Hu Hong‐Gang , Li Yao‐Wu , Song Yan , Cai Ling‐Zhi , Wu Qiu‐Ye , Jiang Yuan‐Ying 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA series of fluconazole (1) analogues, compounds 3a–k, were prepared as potential antifungal agents. They were designed by computational docking experiments to the active site of the cytochrome P450 14α‐sterol demethylase (CYP51), whose crystal structure is known. Preliminary biological tests showed that most of the target compounds exhibit significant activities against the eight most‐common pathogenic fungi. Thereby, the most potent congener, 1‐[(4‐tert‐butylbenzyl)(cyclopropyl)amino]‐2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)‐3‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)propan‐2‐ol (3j), was found to exhibit a broad antifungal spectrum, being more active against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton rubrum (MIC80<0.125 μg/ml) than the standard clinical drug itraconazole (2). The observed affinities of the lead molecules towards CYP51 indicate that a cyclopropyl residue enhances binding to the target enzyme. Our results may provide some guidance for the development of novel triazole‐based antifungal lead structures.
Antibacterial Effects of a Monoporphyrinato Ytterbium(III) Complex and Its Free Components on Staphylococcus aureus as Determined by Stop‐Flow Microcalorimetry
Authors: Hou An‐Xin , Xue Zhi , Liu Yi , Qu Song‐Sheng , Wong Wai‐Kwok 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe antibacterial effect of Yb3+, the free porphyrin base 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐methoxyphenyl)porphyrin (H2TMP; 1), and the corresponding Yb3+ porphyrinato complex [YbIII(TMP)(H2O)3]+Cl− (Yb(TMP); 2) towards Staphylococcus aureus was investigated by stop‐flow microcalorimetry. By analyzing the obtained metabolic thermogenic curves, crucial parameters such as rate constant of bacterial growth (k), half inhibitory concentration (IC50), and generation time (tG) were determined. The antibacterial activities of the three compounds tested was 2>1>Yb3+, with an IC50 value of 273 mg/l for complex 2. The Yb3+ porphyrinato complex is proposed to benefit from synergetic effects of Yb3+ and the free porphyrin 1.
Influence of the Protonic State of an Imidazole‐Containing Ligand on the Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties of a Ruthenium(II)–Polypyridine‐Type Complex
Authors: Quaranta Annamaria , Lachaud Fabien , Herrero Christian , Guillot Régis , Charlot Marie‐France , Leibl Winfried , Aukauloo Ally 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and characterisation of [Ru(bpy)2(PhenImHPh)]2+ where PhenImHPh represents the 2‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl)imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline ligand are described. The compounds issued from the three different protonic states of the imidazole ring [Ru(bpy)2(PhenImPh)]+ (I), [Ru(bpy)2(PhenImHPh)]2+ (II) and [Ru(bpy)2(PhenImH2Ph)]3+ (III) were isolated and spectroscopically characterised. The X‐ray structures of [Ru(bpy)2(PhenImPh)](PF6)⋅H2O⋅6 MeOH, [Ru(bpy)2(PhenImHPh)](NO3)2⋅H2O⋅3 MeOH and [Ru(bpy)2(PhenImH2Ph)](PF6)3⋅ 5 H2O are reported. Electrochemical data obtained on these complexes indicate almost no potential shift for the RuIII/II redox couple. Therefore a Coulombic effect between the imidazole ring and the metal centre can be ruled out. The monooxidised forms of I and II have been characterised by EPR spectroscopy and are reminiscent of the presence of a radical species. The emission properties of the parent compound [Ru(bpy)2(PhenImHPh)]2+ were studied as a function of pH and both the lifetimes and intensities decreased upon deprotonation. Photophysical properties, investigated in the absence and presence of an electron acceptor (methylviologen), were distinctly different for the three compounds. Transient absorption features indicate that unique excited states are involved. Theoretical data obtained from DFT calculations in water on the three protonic forms are presented and discussed in the light of the experimental results.
Theoretical Investigations on the Electronic and Optical Properties of Luminescent Poly(alkylthiophene‐co‐pyridine)
Authors: Wang Han‐Lu , Wang Xue‐Ye , Wang Ling , He Heng‐Liang , Liu Ai‐Hong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractQuantum‐chemical techniques were applied to investigate a series of conjugated polymers: poly(3‐octylthien‐2,5‐ylene‐co‐pyrid‐2,6‐ylene) (p1), poly[pyrid‐2,6‐ylenebis(3‐octylthien‐2,5‐ylene)] (p2) and poly[pyrid‐2,5‐ylene‐ bis(3‐octylthien‐2,5‐ylene)] (p3) comprising alternating π‐excessive 3‐alkylthiophene and π‐deficient meta‐ or para‐linked pyridine moieties. Their ground state and excited state structures were optimized with density functional theory B3LYP method, and the optical properties were calculated by the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) and ZINDO/S methods. Their HOMO‐LUMO gaps (ΔH‐L), the lowest excitation energies (Eex), ionization potentials (IP) and electron affinities (EA) were obtained by extrapolating those of the polymers to the inverse chain length equal to zero (1/n=0). The calculated results showed that the decrease of pyridylene content increased the HOMO level and decreased the LUMO level while the para‐linkage further contributed to it. The IP are in the order: p1>p2>p3 but EA are: p1<p2<p3. In addition, the decrease of the pyridylene content and the para‐linked pyridylene in the backbone of the polythiophene resulted in a narrowed energy gap and bathochromic absorption and emission peaks.
L‐Prolinamide Catalyzed Aqueous Direct Aldol Reaction: an Environment‐friendly Method for the Synthesis of β‐Hydroxylketones
Authors: Peng Yi‐Yuan , Liu Han , Cui Ming , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn environment‐friendly L‐prolinamide catalyzed aldol reaction has been developed. The reaction exhibited broad substrate generality,and high yields with good diastereoselectivity were obtained for cyclic ketones. The simplicity of product isolation, usage of water as environmentally benign reaction medium, and the usage of cheap, readily available and recyclable catalyst make this process promising to be developed for large‐scale preparation of β‐hydroxyl ketones.
Novel N,N′‐Diacylhydrazine‐Based Colorimetric Receptors for Selective Sensing of Fluoride and Acetate Anions
Authors: Shi Da‐Qing , Wang Hai‐Ying , Li Xiao‐Yue , Yang Fang , Shi Jing‐Wen , Wang Xiang‐Shan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThree novel and simple N,N′‐diacylhydrazine‐based colorimetric receptors have been prepared. The binding properties of the receptors to anions such as F−, Cl−, Br−, AcO−, HSO4− and H2PO4− in acetonitrile solution were examined by UV‐Vis spectroscopy methods, which show high sensitivity and selectivity to F− and AcO− over other anions. The results indicated that a 1:1 stoichiometry complex was formed between the receptors and the anions, while 1H NMR titrations confirmed hydrogen binding interaction between the receptors and the anions.
Komplexität erhalten ‐ auch in heterogenen Lerngruppen: Aufgaben mit gestuften Lernhilfen
Authors: Stäudel Lutz , Franke‐Braun Gudrun , Schmidt‐Weigand Florian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn Folge von TIMSS und PISA haben sich viele Lehrkräfte gefragt, was sie denn tun können, um das kritisierte fragendentwickelnde Unterrichtsgespräch [1] zumindest teilweise durch ein anderes methodisches Vorgehen zu ergänzen, wenn nicht zu ersetzen. Die Alternativen mussten aber zumindest ebenso funktional und praktikabel sein wie das oft bemühte Wechselgespräch zwischen Lehrkraft und Lernenden. Von neuen Ansätzen wurde zudem erwartet, dass sie bei den Schülern kognitiv aktivierend wirken, indem sie z.B. die Bearbeitung anspruchsvoller Problemstellungen erlaubten.Im Zuge von SINUS wurde eine Fälle von Methoden wieder entdeckt und reaktiviert oder in neuer Gestalt für den naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht aufbereitet [2]. Kooperative Lernformen gehören zu diesem neuen Unterrichtsrepertoire ebenso wie das Lernen an Stationen oder der Einsatz von Methodenwerkzeugen [3, 4, 5]. Insbesondere Aufgaben, und zwar in Gestalt von Lernaufgaben, erfahren lebhaftes Interesse, und nicht zu Unrecht:Zum einen überantwortet die Lehrkraft mit der gestellten Aufgabe einen Teil der Verantwortung für das Lernen den Schülern und Schülerinnen,die notwendige Durcharbeitung einer Fragestellung oder eines Problems entspricht viel eher einer konstruktivistischen Sicht des Lernens,und schließlich kann die Komplexität einer Fragestellung deutlich besser erhalten werden als in der kleinschrittigen Bearbeitung während eines Unterrichtsgesprächs.Komplexere Aufgabenstellungen stoßen in der Praxis aber schnell an ihre Grenzen, wenn sie von Schülern unterschiedlicher Leistungsfähigkeit bearbeitet werden sollen. Wenn das verfügbare Vorwissen in großem Umfang differiert und außerdem die kognitiven Möglichkeiten sich innerhalb einer Lerngruppe stark unterscheiden, bedeuten manche Problemstellungen zumindest für einige eine deutliche Überforderung. Nicht zuletzt aus diesem Grund hat sich in den naturwissenschaftlichen Füchern in der Vergangenheit kaum eine Kultur anspruchsvoller Aufgabenstellungen entwickeln können; schließlich mag man es weder den Schülern zumuten, sich während einer Aufgabenbearbeitung regelmäßig als Hilfe bedürftig zu outen, noch kann sich eine Lehrkraft gleichzeitig mehreren Unterstützung fordernden Kleingruppen zuwenden. Was also tun?
CHEMDLA ‐ ein Programm zur Simulation des dendritischen Kristallwachstums im Chemieunterricht
Authors: Oetken Marco , Höltkemeier Dirk 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBei der Abscheidung von Metallen aus ihren Lösungen und bei der Kristallisation von Salzen wachsen unter bestimmten Bedingungen dendritische, d.h. baumartig verzweigte Kristalle. Über dieses erstaunliche und ästhetisch reizvolle Phänomen haben wir schon in früheren Publikationen berichtet und Versuchsansätze vorgestellt, mit denen es unter schulrelevanten Bedingungen zu beobachten ist [1‐4]. In diesem Zusammenhang haben wir bereits auf das Modell des diffusionskontrollierten Wachstums (engl. diffusion‐limited aggregation, DLA) hingewiesen. Das ursprünglich aus wissenschaftlichen Motiven entwickelte Modell ist auch für den Chemieunterricht interessant, da es die Möglichkeit eröffnet, die Ursachen des dendritischen Kristallwachstums mit einem dynamischen Teilchenmodell aufzuklären [5]. Zur Thematisierung des DLA‐Modells standen bisher jedoch nur Modellvarianten aus dem Internet zur Verfügung, die aufgrund einer mangelnden Anschaulichkeit oder unklar definierten Eingriffsmöglichkeiten nur bedingt im Unterricht einsatzfähig sind. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir daher nun ein neues DLA‐Simulationsprogramm vor, das speziell für die Thematisierung des dendritischen Kristallwachstums im Chemieunterricht entwickelt wurde.
Co‐occurrence of anxiety and depressive disorders in a community sample of older people: results from the MRC CFAS (Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study)
Authors: Kvaal Kari , McDougall Fiona A. , Brayne Carol , Matthews Fiona E. , Dewey Michael E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundFew population‐based studies have examined the whole range of subthreshold syndromes and disorders of anxiety and depression in older people.AimsTo investigate the co‐occurrence of anxiety and depressive syndromes in older people. Associations between these conditions and personal and environmental factors are examined.MethodMRC CFAS included 13, 004, age 65 years and above, who completed the initial screening interview. A stratified random subsample of 2, 640 participated in the assessment interview where the Geriatric Mental State Examination (GMS) was administered. The AGECAT diagnostic system was used to generate subthreshold and disorder‐level of anxiety and depression as well as the combination of these into eight syndromes categories plus a group without any of the syndromes categories. Prevalences, unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios are calculated for the syndrome categories in relation to cross‐sectional personal and environmental factors, and odds ratios of subthreshold and disorders level are estimated.ResultsThe overall prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders are 3.1% and 9.7% respectively. The overall prevalence of either anxiety or depressive disorder (anxiety disorder with subthreshold depression, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder with subthreshold anxiety) where they overlapped is 8.4%. The highest Odds Ratios unadjusted and adjusted for age and gender, of anxiety and depressive disorders and significant for trend are found for increasing disability. Disability has a strong relationship with all the co‐morbid syndrome categories. In all analyses women showed significant higher estimates than men.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated high estimates where anxiety and depression occurred in parallel both as disorders and as subthreshold syndromes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thyroid dysfunction in laryngectomees—10 years after treatment
Authors: Ho Ambrose Chung‐Wai , Ho Wai‐Kuen , Lam Paul Kin‐Yip , Yuen Anthony Po‐Wing , Wei William Ignace 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground.Hypothyroidism is 1 of the complications that follow treatment of various head and neck cancers. In the literature, reviews using different primary sites and differences in treatment modalities make comparison of post‐treatment hypothyroidism not possible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of hypothyroidism in a homogenous group of patients who were treated with total laryngectomy and irradiation for laryngeal carcinoma and to assess the importance of different variables in the occurrence of hypothyroidism.Methods.A retrospective review of 147 total laryngectomy patients between 1993 and 2003 was carried out. Serum thyroxine level and free T4 levels were assessed in all patients. Hypothyroidism was classified as subclinical (increased thyroid‐stimulating hormone and normal free T4 levels) and clinical (increased thyroid‐stimulating hormone and decreased free T4 levels).Results.The results showed that the overall incidence of hypothyroidism was 49% (44% subclinical and 5% clinical). Hemithyroidectomy and advanced tumor staging were risk factors for the development of hypothyroidism in these patients (p < .05) with a relative risk of 2.1 (CI 95%, 1.4–3.1) and 1.3 (CI 95%, 1.1–1.6), respectively. During follow‐up, 19.9% of patients developed hypothyroidism at 3 years, 38.6% at 6 years; at 10 year follow‐up, 93.3% of them had hypothyroidism.Conclusions.In conclusion, hypothyroidism is a frequent complication in patients treated with radiotherapy and total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer, especially when treatment includes hemithyroidectomy. These patients should have their thyroid function evaluated periodically even 10 years after treatment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2008
Synthesis of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) Analogues with a Sugar Modified Nicotinamide Moiety
Authors: Goulioukina Natasha , Wehbe Johny , Marchand Damien , Busson Roger , Lescrinier Eveline , Heindl Dieter , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) analogues in which the ribose unit of the nicotinamide moiety is replaced by a hexitol, altritol, and cyclohexenyl sugar mimic is described.
Diterpenoid and Phenolic Compounds from Juncus effusus L.
Authors: Yang Guang Zhong , Li Hong Xia , Song Fa Jun , Chen Yu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel diterpene, named effusenone A (1a), which is the first reported rosane‐type diterpene from a Juncaceae plant, and three novel phenolic compounds, 5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1‐methylphenanthrene‐2,7‐diol (4), 1‐methylpyrene‐2,7‐diol (5), and 7‐methoxy‐8‐methylpyren‐2‐ol (6) were isolated from the stem of Juncus effusus L. by normal‐phase and reversed‐phase silica gel column chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D‐NMR techniques.
Practical Enzymatic Desymmetrization of 2‐(Ethoxycarbonyl)propane‐1,3‐diyl Dihexanoate and Model Cyclization for the A–D Ring System of Lysergic Acid
Authors: Miyata Sachiho , Kumamoto Takuya , Ishikawa Tsutomu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPorcine pancreas lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of symmetrical 2‐(ethoxycarbonyl)propane‐1,3‐diyl dihexanoate, under the modified conditions of the Seebach protocol, afforded a desymmetrized monohexanoate in 40–51% yield with 91–94% ee, even in a gram‐scale reaction. The absolute configuration of a half‐hydrolyzed (−)‐product was determined to be (R) by conversion to a known 2‐methylpropane‐1,3‐diol derivative. Samarium iodide‐induced radical cyclization of 2‐oxo‐3‐phenylethylamine with a C4 unit on the N‐atom, derived from the racemic monohexanoate, afforded a 3‐phenylpiperidine derivative as a model construction of the A–D ring system of lysergic acid.