Adaptation of API RP2A-LRFD to the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Theophanatos Andrew , Cazzulo Berranger , Berranger Ivan , Ornaghi L. , Wittenberg L. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
API RP2A Load and Resistance Factor Design is a limit state design practice which is intended to replace the existing Working Stress Design practice for designing fixed offshore structures. Being in partial safety factor format, LRFD offers plenty of scope for influencing and improving design by calibrating the partial factors to suit regional environmental conditions and design practices.
This paper presents the results from a joint industry project on the calibration of LRFD for Mediterranean Sea platforms. Advanced structural reliability methods formed the basis of the code calibration procedure which is briefly outlined. Probabilistic models for environmental and gravity loads and modelling uncertainties for tubular member and joint strength adopted in the reliability analysis are described. Comparisons of reliability indices for components designed under LRFD and WSD 18th Edition indicate that for the storm condition LRFDwould introduce a very small weight penalty whilst for the operating condition there would be a weight reduction. The application of LRFD would lead to significantly more uniform component reliability compared to WSD designs.
Based on the proposed partial load factors for the MediterraneanSea the impact of LRFD to the design of jacket structures is assessed through verification studies of two typical platforms in the region.

INTRODUCTION
Regional variations in wave climate and design practice can be accounted for in LRFD-type design codes for offshore structures. The reliability based API RnA LRFD (Load andResistance Factor Design) [1], which has been proposed as an alternative to the Working Stress Design practice [2], takes into account the uncertainties associated with applied loads and structural component resistances and factors both loads and resistances. In contrast, in WSD only resistance factors are applied to derive allowable stresses. By explicitly defining partial factors for gravity and environmental loads it is possible to account for the variabilities in environmental conditions and design practices that exist worldwide.
The partial load and resistance factors in the LRFD draft issue have been calibrated primarily for Gulf of Mexico structures [3]. Partial load factors for North Sea structures have beensubsequently proposed, based on the results of a joint industry project where advanced structural reliability methods were used for code calibration [4,5]. Following the conclusion of the North Sea adaptation the project was extended to adapt LRFD to the Mediterranean Sea [6].
Details of the underlying philosophy and procedures adopted for the calibration are given in [4]. This paper focuses on the work undertaken in the context of the Mediterranean Sea and presents the background information.
Partial load factors for the in-place extreme and operating conditions have been derived using the same reliability based procedures to those adopted for the North Sea calibration. Based on the proposed load factors verification studies havebeen carried out for two typical jacket structures. The results are reported through comparisons of utilisation ratios for tubular members, legs and joints designed using LRFD and RP2A-18th Edition. They demonstrate potential effects of implementing LRFD to the Mediterranean Sea environment and highlight problem areas.
Reference to the proposed LRFD version incorporatingrecommended Mediterranean Sea adjustments will be to LRFDMed.