bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in adult cell proliferation within the zebrafish (Danio rerio) cerebellum
Authors: Ampatzis Konstantinos , Dermon Catherine R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been reported that neurons generated in the adult brain show sex‐specific differences in several brain regions of lower vertebrates and mammals. The present study questioned whether cell proliferation and survival in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) cerebellum, the most mitotically active area of adult teleost brain, is sexually differentiated. Adult zebrafish were treated with the thymidine analogue 5′‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) and allowed to survive for 24 h (short‐term) and for 21 days (long‐term). BrdU immunohistochemistry allowed visualization of cells incorporating BrdU at the S phase of mitosis. At short‐term survival, male zebrafish had a higher number of labelled cells at proliferation sites of the molecular layer of corpus cerebelli (CCe) and the granular layer of the caudal lobe of the cerebellum (LCa) than did females. In long‐term survival, BrdU‐positive cells were found at their final destination, but only the granular layer of the medial division of the valvula cerebelli showed sex‐specific differences in the number of labelled cells. This higher mitotic activity in male cerebellum might be related to sex‐specific motor behaviour observed in male zebrafish. To investigate the role of programmed cell death, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl‐mediated dUTP nick‐end‐labelling (TUNEL) method was applied. The vast majority of apoptotic figures occurred in the granular cell layer of valvula and CCe, only in a few cases within the BrdU‐retaining cells. Apoptosis was found specifically at the sites of the final destination of proliferating cells, indicating that the close relation of cell birth and death might represent a possible plasticity mechanism in the adult zebrafish cerebellum.
Peripheral nerve injury induces reorganization of galanin‐containing afferents in the superficial dorsal horn of monkey spinal cord
Authors: Wang Li‐Hua , Lu Ying‐Jin , Bao Lan , Zhang Xu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury‐induced structural and chemical modifications of the sensory circuits in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord contribute to the mechanism of neuropathic pain. In contrast to the topographic projection of primary afferents in laminae I–IV in the rat spinal cord, the primary afferents of Macaca mulatta monkeys almost exclusively project into laminae I–II of the spinal cord. After peripheral nerve injury, up‐regulation of galanin has been found in sensory neurons in both monkey and rat dorsal root ganglia. However, the nerve injury‐induced ultrastructural modification of galanin‐containing afferents in the monkey spinal cord remains unknown. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we found that 3 weeks after unilateral sciatic nerve transection, the number of galanin‐containing afferents was increased in ipsilateral lamina II of monkey spinal cord. Branching of these galanin‐positive afferents was often observed. The afferent terminals contained a large number of synaptic vesicles, peptidergic vesicles and mitochondria, whereas the number of synapses was markedly reduced. Some of the afferents‐enriched microtubules were often packed into bundles. Moreover, galanin‐labeling could be associated with endosomal structures in many dendrites and axonal terminals of dorsal horn neurons. These results suggest that peripheral nerve injury induces an expansion of the central projection of galanin‐containing afferents in lamina II of the monkey spinal cord, not only by increasing galanin levels in primary afferents but also by triggering afferent branching.
Salivary dehydroepiandrosterone responsiveness to social challenge in adolescents with internalizing problems
Authors: Shirtcliff Elizabeth , Zahn‐Waxler Carolyn , Klimes‐Dougan Bonnie , Slattery Marcia 
Published: February 2007

Background:  Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an adrenal androgen which is stress responsive and a trigger for pubertal maturation. Studies on basal DHEA suggest protective benefits against anxiety and depression, yet it is unknown whether DHEA responsivity is protective.Methods:  Structural equation modeling examined salivary DHEA responses to a public speaking task (PST) and parent–child conflict discussion paradigm (CDP) in adolescents.Results and conclusions:  DHEA levels were higher in girls than boys, and in older and more physically developed adolescents, indicative of DHEA's function during pubertal maturation. DHEA levels increased during the PST, indicating responsiveness of DHEA to acute stressors. Across both tasks, girls with internalizing problems showed sharper rises in DHEA by 40 minutes post‐task, ending with the highest DHEA. In internalizing adolescent girls, DHEA may serve as a marker of responsivity in stressful or conflictual contexts. A failure of these girls with internalizing problems to show a normal diurnal decline in the afternoon extended this conclusion to naturalistic environments. DHEA may be one possible mechanism linking stress responsivity and physical maturation that helps to explain adolescents’ risk for psychopathology within a biobehavioral framework.
FGF signalling pathways in development of the midbrain and anterior hindbrain
Authors: Partanen Juha 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDevelopment of the central nervous system is coordinated by intercellular signalling centres established within the neural tube. The isthmic organizer (IsO), located between the midbrain and anterior hindbrain, is one such centre. Important signal molecules secreted by the IsO include members of the fibroblast growth factor and Wnt families. These signals are integrated with dorsally and ventrally derived signals to regulate development of the midbrain and rhombomere 1 of the hindbrain. The IsO is operational for a remarkably long period of time. Depending on the developmental stage, it controls a variety of processes such as cell survival, cell identity, neural precursor proliferation, neuronal differentiation and axon guidance. This review focuses on the fibroblast growth factor signalling, its novel molecular regulatory mechanisms and how this pathway regulates multiple aspects of cell behaviour in the developing midbrain and anterior hindbrain.
Effects of long‐term legume cover crop incorporation on soil organic carbon, microbial biomass, nutrient build‐up and grain yields of sorghum/sunflower under rain‐fed conditions
Authors: Venkateswarlu B. , Srinivasarao Ch. , Ramesh G. , Venkateswarlu S. , Katyal J. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLow organic matter, poor fertility and erosion are common features of rain‐fed Alfisols in southern India. Build‐up of organic matter is crucial to maintain sustainable production on these soils. The possibility of on‐farm generation of legume biomass [horsegram; Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.] by using off‐season rainfall was examined in two field experiments involving sorghum and sunflower from 1994 to 2003. The effects of this incorporation were assessed on crop yields and soil properties for 10 years together with fertilizer application. Horsegram biomass ranging from 3.03–4.28 t ha−1 year−1 (fresh weight) was produced and incorporated in situ under different levels of fertilizer application. Annual incorporation improved the soil properties and fertility status of the soil, which resulted in improved yields of test crops. With biomass incorporation, mean organic carbon content improved by 24% over fallow. Microbial biomass carbon improved by 28% at site I. Long‐term biomass incorporation and fertilizer application resulted in the build‐up of soil nutrients compared with the fallow plots. Application of N and P alone resulted in a negative balance of soil K. A time‐scale analysis of yields showed that incorporation together with fertilizer application maintained a stable yield trend over a 10‐year period in sorghum, whereas fertilizer application alone showed a declining trend. At the end of 10 years of incorporation, the increase in grain yield because of incorporation was 28 and 18%, respectively, in sorghum and sunflower over fallow when no fertilizers were applied to rainy season crops. The incorporation effect was even larger in plots receiving fertilizer. The growing and incorporation of a post‐rainy season legume crop is a low‐cost simple practice that even small and marginal farmers can adopt in semi‐arid regions of the country. Widespread adoption of this practice, at least in alternate years, can restore the productivity of degraded soils and improve crop yields.
The Influence of Staffing Characteristics on Quality of Care in Nursing Homes
Authors: Castle Nicholas G. , Engberg John 
Published: February 2007

Objective. The influence staffing levels, turnover, worker stability, and agency staff had on quality of care in nursing homes was examined.Data Sources/Study Setting. Staffing characteristics came from a survey of nursing homes (N=1,071) conducted in 2003. The staffing characteristics were collected for Nurse Aides, Licensed Practical Nurses, and Registered Nurses. Fourteen quality indicators came from the Nursing Home Compare website report card and nursing home organizational characteristics came from the Online Survey, Certification, and Recording system.Study Design. One index of quality (the outcome) was created by combining the 14 quality indicators using exploratory factor analysis. We used regression analyses to assess the effect of the four staffing characteristics for each of the three types of nursing staff on this quality index in addition to individual analyses for each of the 14 quality indicators. The effect of organizational characteristics as well as the markets in which they operated on outcomes was examined. We examined a number of different model specifications.Principal Findings. Quality of care was influenced, to some degree, by all of these staffing characteristics. However, the estimated interaction effects indicated that achieving higher quality was dependent on having more than one favorable staffing characteristic—the effect of quality was larger than the sum of the independent effects of each favorable staffing characteristic.Conclusions. Our results indicate that staff characteristics such as turnover, staffing levels, worker stability, and agency staff should be addressed simultaneously to improve the quality of nursing homes.
Kellogg on Branding: By the Marketing Faculty of the Kellogg School of Management by Alice M. Tybout and Tim Calkins (eds.)
Authors: Castellion George 
Published: February 2007

These reviews are intended to help you reach a decision about purchasing or reading a book. But more importantly, they are meant to bring to your attention notable contemporary topics related to product innovation. The review here of The Change Function illustrates this point well. According to Amazon.com sales rankings (on August 23, 2006), this book is more popular than any we have reviewed in the past year—including Geoffrey A. Moore's Dealing with Darwin: How Great Companies Innovate at Every Phase of Their Evolution (Penguin, 2005). Yet the reviewer points out some critical weaknesses in The Change Function's treatment of truly innovative products. Just because a book is popular with a general business audience does not mean that it is adequate for new product professionals. Should you decide to read it, we hope that our review helps you, as a product developer, to get more out of it. Books reviewed in this issue:

Kellogg on Branding: By the Marketing Faculty of the Kellogg School of Management
The Change Function: Why Some Technologies Take Off while Others Crash and Burn
Product Innovation: Leading Change through Integrated Product Development
Quality Management System Handbook for Product Development Companies
Factors That Influence Characteristics of Genetic Biobanks
Authors: Sanner Jennifer E. , Frazier Lorraine 
Published: February 2007

Purpose: To identify demographic differences between patients who choose participation and patients who choose nonparticipation in genetic biobanks, and to explore reasons for nonparticipation.
Design: Prospective study of hospitalized cardiovascular patients approached to participate in a genetic biobank, 300 nonparticipants and 299 participants, in the southwestern US.
Methods: Reasons for nonparticipation were explored. Logistic regression was performed to determine if gender, race or ethnicity, or age predicted nonparticipation.
Findings: Race or ethnicity and age were significantly different between participants and nonparticipants, but gender was not. Blood‐sample collection was the main reason for declining participation.
Conclusions: Minority and older adults were less likely to participate. Understanding reasons for nonparticipation in this group might aid in the development of methods used to obtain a diverse population in biobanks.
Nurses' Tobacco‐Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice in Four Major Cities in China
Authors: Chan Sophia S.C. , Sarna Linda , Wong David C.N. , Lam Tai‐Hing 
Published: February 2007

Purpose: To (a) identify Chinese nurses' tobacco‐related knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), including perception of competency in smoking‐cessation interventions; (b) identify barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation interventions to patients; and (c) assess the learning needs and smoking status of nurses.
Design: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in four major cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing) in China from November to December 2003.
Methods: 2,888 registered nurses working in hospitals affiliated with five university schools of nursing in these cities were invited to complete a questionnaire. An instrument used to assess tobacco‐related KAP in Hong Kong was translated into Chinese and pilot tested to ensure reliability and validity.
Findings: 2,179 questionnaires were returned and after exclusion of the grossly incomplete questionnaires, 1,690 were included in the present analysis. Only 2% of participants were current and 1% were former smokers; most had not received training for smoking‐cessation interventions as part of their nursing education program. Two‐thirds recognized smoking as a leading cause of preventable death and that smoking cessation was the most cost effective intervention, but only a third routinely assisted patients' quit attempts. Nurses who received training reported greater competence in providing smoking‐cessation intervention, and more frequent practice of cessation interventions.
Conclusions: Chinese nurses had some knowledge about the health effects of tobacco use, but seldom practiced smoking‐cessation interventions. Those who had prior training had greater competence and more practice. Including tobacco control, especially smoking cessation, in nursing curricula in China has the potential to save millions of lives.
A Predictive and Moderating Model of Psychosocial Resilience in Adolescents
Authors: Tusaie Kathleen , Puskar Kathryn , Sereika Susan M. 
Published: February 2007

Purpose:To identify point prevalence of psychosocial resilience (PR) and to test moderating and predictive relationships among optimism, chronological age, gender, perceived family and friend support, number of bad life events, and PR in rural adolescents.Design:A secondary analysis of a cross‐sectional survey of 624 rural adolescents aged 14 to 18 in an eastern U.S. state.Method:Descriptive statistics were used to identify point prevalence, and stepwise logistic regression was used to identify which variables alone or in combination had significant effects upon PR.Findings:The point prevalence of PR was 17% with the largest percentage of students reporting medium levels of resilience. Level of adolescent PR was partially predicted by cognitive factors (optimism, perceived family support), number of bad life events, age, and gender. Perceived support of friends and optimism modified the level of PR.Conclusions:The predictive and moderating model was useful for building knowledge about the process of PR in rural adolescents.
Symptom Clusters in Patients With High‐Grade Glioma
Authors: Fox Sherry W. , Lyon Debra , Farace Elana 
Published: February 2007

Purpose: To describe the co‐occurring symptoms (depression, fatigue, pain, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment), quality of life (QoL), and functional status in patients with high‐grade glioma.
Design: Correlational, descriptive study of 73 participants with high‐grade glioma in the U.S.
Methods: Nine brief measures were obtained with a mailed survey. Participants were recruited from the online message board of The Healing Exchange BRAIN TRUST, a nonprofit organization dedicated to improving quality of life for people with brain tumors.
Findings: Two symptom cluster models were examined. Four co‐occurring symptoms were significantly correlated with each other and explained 29% of the variance in QoL: depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment. Depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive impairment, and pain were significantly correlated with each other and explained 62% of the variance in functional status.
Conclusions: The interrelationships of the symptoms examined in this study and their relationships with QoL and functional status meet the criteria for defining a symptom cluster. The differences in the models of QoL and functional status indicates that symptom clusters may have unique characteristics in patients with gliomas.
Clinical, cognitive and neural correlates of self-monitoring deficits in schizophrenia: an update
Authors: Raveendran Vinodkumar , Kumari Veena 
Published: February 2007

Background:An area of recent interest in schizophrenia research is to investigate specific neural and cognitive abnormalities associated with symptoms of this disorder.Objective:To establish clinical, cognitive and neural correlates of self-monitoring deficits in schizophrenia, which according to various theoretical models can account for the first-rank symptoms of this disorder.Methods:Relevant data were identified from PubMed and PsycInfo searches up to July 2006 using combinations of keywords including ‘self-monitoring’, ‘symptoms’, ‘self-agency’, ‘neuropsychological’, ‘cognitive’, ‘brain activity’, ‘PET’ and ‘fMRI’.Conclusions:Self-monitoring deficit is most consistently observed in patients with schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations and passivity experiences. This deficit may not be schizophrenia specific. At present, there are insufficient direct data to reach meaningful conclusions about the cognitive correlates of this deficit. Functional neuroimaging studies in patients with schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations point to defective engagement of the neural regions known to be involved in self-monitoring in healthy people. Further multimodal studies using validated cognitive and clinical measures, self-monitoring paradigms and appropriate imaging tools to analyze patients with schizophrenia with and without self-monitoring deficits are required to increase our understanding of this topic.
Faculty and Student Dialogue Through Journal Writing
Authors: Ritchie Mary Ann 
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. To explore how journal writing promotes and fosters an ongoing dialogue between students and faculty during an acute care pediatric clinical experience.DESIGN AND METHODS. Unstructured, self‐report data were collected via students' clinical journal entries and during a focus group interview. Content analysis was used to identified recurrent themes.RESULTS. Two themes were generated: building a bond of trust and saving face.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. The findings have implications for preceptors of nursing professionals. Implementing journal writing as a component to teaching‐learning in the practice environment provides a means to recognize the affective outcomes of learning, such as increasing self‐awareness and professional growth.
Cash Flow Effects of the Saskatchewan Short‐Term Hog Loan Program
Authors: Lien Donald , Hennessy David A. 
Published: February 2007

The Saskatchewan short‐term hog loan program of 2002 provided a nonmarket credit‐line to participating hog producers. The repayment conditions for cash advances committed to by the provincial government depend on later hog prices, and so the program has derivative contract attributes. We model the contracts and use an estimated spot price stochastic process to establish summary statistics for producer benefits from the program.Le programme de prêt à court terme que la Saskatchewan a offert à ses producteurs de porcs en 2002 comprenait une ligne de crédit non marchande. Comme les modalités de remboursement des avances de fonds engagées par le gouvernement provincial dépendent du prix futur du porc, ce programme possède les caractéristiques d'un instrument dérivé. Nous avons modélisé les contrats et nous avons utilisé un processus stochastique pour estimer le prix au comptant en vue d'établir des statistiques sommaires sur les avantages que les producteurs retirent de ce programme.
Are Agricultural Values a Reliable Guide in Determining Landowners' Decisions to Create Forest Carbon Sinks?
Authors: Shaikh Sabina L. , Sun Lili , Van Kooten G. Cornelis 
Published: February 2007

This research examines the effects of various factors on farmer participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social, and carbon‐uptake purposes, and potential costs of sequestering carbon through afforestation in western Canada. Using data from a survey of landowners, a discrete choice random utility model is used to determine the probability of landowners' participation in and corresponding mean willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for a tree‐planting program. WTA includes positive and negative benefits to landowners from planting trees, benefits not captured by foregone returns from agricultural activities on marginal land. Estimates of WTA are less than foregone returns, but even so average costs of creating carbon credits still exceed their projected value under a CO2‐emissions trading scheme. La présente étude a examiné les effets de divers facteurs sur la participation des producteurs agricoles à la plantation d'arbres à des fins économiques, environnementales, sociales et d'absorption du gaz carbonique, ainsi que les coûts potentiels de la séquestration du carbone au moyen du boisement dans l'Ouest canadien. À l'aide des données d'un sondage effectué auprès de propriétaires fonciers, nous avons utilisé un modèle d'utilité aléatoire à choix discrets pour déterminer la probabilité de participation des propriétaires fonciers à un programme de boisement et leur consentement à recevoir (CAR) une compensation financière pour leur participation. Le CAR inclut les avantages favorables et défavorables que le boisement procure aux propriétaires fonciers, des avantages non saisis par les revenus sacrifiés des activités agricoles sur des terres marginales. Les estimations du CAR sont inférieures aux revenus sacrifiés, mais malgré tout, les coûts moyens de la mise en uvre de programme de crédits pour le carbone demeurent supérieurs à leur valeur prévue dans un scénario d'échange de droits d'émission de CO2.