bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RECOGNITION OF THE FAMILIAR WORDS OF NURSERY RHYMES BY HANDICAPPED AND NON‐HANDICAPPED INFANTS
Authors: Glenn S. M. , Cunningham C. C. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYNine infants with Down's syndrome (mean MA, 9.1 months), seven non‐handicapped infants (mean MA, 9.6 months) and one severely handicapped infant (MA, 9.5 months) were given the choice of listening to familiar nursery rhymes or to the same rhymes with each word reversed such that the rhythms, intonation and stress patterns were kept intact but the words were nonsense. Six infants with Down's syndrome, five non‐handicapped infants and the severely‐handicapped infant had significant preferences for the familiar rhymes, and the strength of this preference increased with increasing mental age. The results suggest that both handicapped and non‐handicapped infants are beginning to recognise familiar words of nursery rhymes at this age. The relevance of the results for early intervention procedures is discussed.
RULES AND RECIPROCITY IN BEHAVIOURAL DEVELOPMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION
Authors: Bateson P. P. G. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYThis article considers the potential value of two bodies of thought arising from work on animals in connection with rehabilitating abnormal behaviour. One deals with the processes of catch‐up and self‐regulation, and the other with optimal periods of learning in development. The ideas about self‐regulation are important because an individual with abnormal behaviour at one stage in development may cease to be abnormal of its own accord. The sensitive period concept in development has often been seen as being opposed to that of possible adult rehabilitation. Much of the animal evidence suggests that the opposition is false.
THE INFORMATION PROCESSING PARADIGM: CONCEPTS, METHODS AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: Mulder G. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYSome characteristics of the information processing paradigm are discussed. Characteristics of fast process research are particularly emphasized. Fast process research deals with elementary information processes, called ‘mechanics’. These processes cannot be revealed by introspective methods, but only by chronometric studies. Attentional research has revealed automatic and controlled mechanics. Only the latter require attention resources for their execution. The functional state of the brain is thought to affect in particular the efficiency of controlled mechanics. Methods used in fast process research and cognitive psychophysiology could be helpful in deciding if behavioural disturbances result from limitations in the nature of the mechanics or in their efficiency.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY NON‐VERBAL COMMUNICATION: AN EVALUATION OF ITS MEANING*
Authors: Hopkins B. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYCommunication and social preadaptation have interpretative problems in early interaction. Both have strong teleological commitment and are not therefore wholly appropriate. The mother‐infant system gradually achieves the hallmark of true teleology largely because the mother acts as if the newborn's foetal‐like behaviour had communicative significance. Viewing newborn behaviour as such is compatible with the biological principle of preadaptation which avoids vague assumptions about early behaviour being socially ‘prewired’. It is recommended that the mother be given an observer's role as it may lead to a useful methodology for understanding early communication. Studying deviancy in early relationships is also considered.
BEREAVEMENT RESPONSES OF KIBBUTZ AND NON‐KIBBUTZ CHILDREN FOLLOWING THE DEATH OF THE FATHER
Authors: Kaffman Mordecai , Elizur Esther 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYThis article examines the comparative prevalence of grief reactions, behavioral symptoms and ‘pathological bereavement’ in 25 kibbutz and 21 non‐kibbutz children aged between 3 1/2 and 11 1/2 yr eighteen months after the death of the father in war. The findings indicate that in both kibbutz and urban settings the loss of a father becomes a serious traumatic situation for a large proportion of the children, influencing multiple areas of functioning and causing manifold behavioral symptoms. The particular differences regarding the quality of the reactive symptoms exhibited by kibbutz and non‐kibbutz children appear to be related to the different socio‐cultural surrounding influences.
A COMBINED APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF EFFEMINATE BEHAVIOUR IN A BOY: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Hooilim Meng , Bottomley Virginia 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYThis paper describes the treatment of a 5 1/2 ‐year‐old boy with persistent effeminate behaviour. He had individual therapy sessions over 21 months while a social worker worked with his parents and maternal grandmother. The therapists combined psychodynamic and behavioural elements in their work, aiming at understanding the obstacles to masculine behaviour and helping the family achieve the change.At termination there were positive changes in the child, his parents and grandmother, which were maintained at follow‐up 6 months, 15 months and 3 years later. The relevance of inhibited aggression confused with masculinity in all members of the family is discussed.
EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS OF THE GIFTED CHILD
Authors: Freeman Joan 
Published: December 2006

THE GIFTED CHILD'S EMOTIONAL NEEDS—IN SUMMARYIntellectual giftedness, whether measured by an IQ score or a non‐verbal test, is not generally related to adjustment (Terman, 1925–1959; Freeman, 1979). Life events which can bring about poor adjustment in gifted children are the same ones that can affect other children adversely. Nor do gifted children necessarily benefit by the imposition of the label ‘gifted’, which trails unjustified mythologies and stereotypes with it. However, there are aspects of giftedness, such as hypersensitivity, perfectionism and inflexible schooling, which can cause problems for a minority of gifted children and bring about conflict, anxiety and unwelcome behaviour. Essentially, the gifted child has the same emotional needs as other children, and the same educational needs for expression and exploration. The difference lies in their intensity. The thwarting of more intense needs is likely to bring about a stronger reaction than in the average child, and with a higher ability to direct his actions, a gifted child is probably going to be more effective in choosing a form of deviance which will bring his frustration to attention or conceal his abilities.However, gifted children do have particular educational needs. Possibly more than other children, the gifted can appreciate and use honest feedback (offered with respect), open communication with learning groups (particularly to acquire social skills), an intellectually challenging, meaningful and flexible curriculum, exposure to like minds, suitable material to work with and the opportunity to pursue personal interests. They are likely to be distressed by rote‐learning, practice exercises, too low teacher expectations and too much highly directed learning. They are capable of thriving, relatively more than other children, in a positive educational environment (Freeman, 1981). Whether at home or at school, they are unlikely to satisfy their potential for development on an inadequate educational diet. Teachers, parents and other care‐givers need to be more child‐centred‐to recognise the ability of their children and the problems it may bring, to provide for their needs and to adjust programmes to the individual requirements.
A CONTROLLED TRIAL OF ‘SENOKOT’ IN FAECAL SOILING TREATED BY BEHAVIOURAL METHODS
Authors: Berg Ian , Forsythe Ian , Holt Philip , Watts John 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYA double‐blind randomly controlled trial of one particular laxative, Senokot, used in moderate dosage, was carried out on a group of 40 children with severe and persistent soiling and often with a history of faecal retention. Significant improvement occurred following three months of outpatient treatment using a behavioural approach and either Senokot, placebo or no medication. However, there was no evidence either during the trial or subsequently when Senokot was employed to supplement behavioural treatment in every child who continued with therapy that this laxative contributed in any way to relieving the problem in this group of cases.
RESEARCH NOTE: TRUANTS AND OTHER ABSENTEES
Authors: Galloway David 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYTruants living in a depressed urban area are compared with Other Absentees from school living in the same area. The results show few differences in the social and financial circumstances of the two groups but considerable differences in the children's behaviour and in family relationships. The results are discussed in the light of other research which distinguishes truants from school refusers.
AN ISLET OF ABILITY IN AUTISTIC CHILDREN: A RESEARCH NOTE
Authors: Shah Amitta , Frith Uta 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYAn aspect of cognitive functioning in autistic children was investigated by comparing their performance on the Children's Embedded Figures Test with that of MA‐matched normal and MA‐and CA‐matched mentally retarded non‐autistic children. The autistic children were significantly more competent at this task than either group of control children, and also showed qualitatively different strategies. Since the performance of the autistic children was better than predicted from MA and commensurate with CA, it can be regarded as an islet of ability. This finding is discussed in terms of orientation and visualization factors involved in visuo‐spatial abilities and is also related to cognitive deficit.
ACTIVITY LEVEL AND BEHAVIORAL STYLE IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: Zeanah Charles H. , Korner Anneliese F. , Berkowitz Robert I. , Linden Janine 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA portable microcomputer activity recorder was used to measure a 24‐hour sample of activity level in 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children. Recorded activity level was not related to parental perception of activity level and did not differentiate children with differing behavioral styles. Parental perception of activity level, on the other hand, significantly differentiated children's behavioral style. Parents may be responding to a composite image of the child's behavioral style when they rate activity level. We urge caution in the use of the term ‘activity level’, which may have different meanings according to how it is measured.
READING RETARDATION AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOUR: A FOLLOW‐UP INTO EMPLOYMENT
Authors: Maughan Barbara , Gray Grace , Rutter Michael 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe implications of the frequent overlap between reading and behavioural disorders in childhood are explored using follow‐up findings on the secondary school progress and early work histories of four groups of boys, with an without reading retardation, and with and without behavioural disturbance. While the prognosis for the majority of the retarded readers appeared poor, certain particular features–high rates of early school leaving, unstable work records and especially depressed skill levels–characterized those with associated behavioural problems. The importance of separating out the effects of additional associated disorders and disadvantages in assessing the long‐term prognosis for children with learning problems is discussed.
THE SUBCLASSIFICATION OF CHILD FIRESETTERS
Authors: Jacobson Robin R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe possibility that child firesetters are a heterogeneous group was investigated in a cross‐sectional case note and item sheet study of all children referred to an Inner London clinic between 1973 and 1981. Firesetters were most usefully subdivided by age, and secondarily by reason for referral. There were no links between enuresis and dangerousness or cruelty to animals. Methodological issues and the implications of the findings are discussed, with particular reference both to the development of the disorder and to the subclassifications drawn for conduct disturbance.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF MINIMAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION IN SIX ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN BEIJING
Authors: Yu‐Cun Shen , Yu‐Feng Wang , Xiao‐Ling Yang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSix elementary schools from urban, suburban and mountain areas of Beijing (containing 2770 school children) were screened with a standardized questionnaire and each suspected case was interviewed to determine whether diagnostic criteria were met for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (DSM‐III), with some cultural modification. The MBD prevalence rate was 3.1% in the urban, 7.8% in the suburban and 7.0% in the mountain area. Lower rates were found in the families of scientific and technical professionals or in those with higher education than others. The mean score or the severity of some clinical manifestations of MBD children showed differences in families with different occupations or educational levels. Social environmental factors were considered to play an important role in the development of MBD, which is possibly based on biological factors.
READING GAINS FOR UNDERACHIEVING TUTORS AND TUTEES IN A CROSS‐AGE TUTORING PROGRAMME
Authors: Limbrick Elizabeth , McNaughton Stuart , Glynn Ted 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA cross‐age peer tutoring programme in reading is described in which three underachieving 10‐ to 11‐year‐old students tutored three underachieving 6‐ to 8‐year‐old students. The programme, a modification of the ‘paired‐reading’ technique of Morgan and Lyon, involved both concurrent modelling of correct reading and praise for reading independently by peer tutors. When given general instructions to help, tutors did provide some assistance, but specific training was necessary before appropriate tutoring behaviours were used. Both tutees showed marked improvements in oral reading and comprehension on classroom exercises and standardised reading tests.
FEARS AND WORRIES OF YOUNG CHILDREN AS EXPRESSED IN A CONTEXTUAL PLAY SETTING
Authors: Lentz Kathleen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractOne hundred 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children were studied with a contextual play technique in order to gain insight into their fears and worries. Sex differences and differences relating to questioning procedure were examined. The discussion included the potential usefulness of the method and some implications for parents and teachers.
INFORMING CHILDREN ABOUT A PARENT'S TERMINAL ILLNESS
Authors: Rosenheim Eliyahu , Reicher Rivka 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIt has been suggested that supplying children with explicit information about the terminal illness of a parent is likely to enhance their coping with anxiety. To examine this claim, the anxiety level of 18 children who were informed by their parents was compared with that of 26 children who were not thus informed. The anxiety of the informed group was significantly lower. The results also show meaningful differences between developmental levels among the non‐informed only. Possible explanations and implications of the results are discussed.
SELECTING MEASURES OF EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD FOR USE IN GENERAL POPULATIONS
Authors: BOYLE MICHAEL H. , JONES SHARON C. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYThis paper puts forward suggestions for assessing the suitability of existing measures of emotional and behavioral disorders of childhood for use in general populations. Specific attention is focused on the definition of emotional and behavioral disorder, measurement approaches and guidelines for choosing which disorders to study. The measurement criteria under review include acceptability, applicability, procedural adequacy, reliability and validity. These criteria are applied to seven instruments previously described as suitable for epidemiological and clinical research. Among these instruments, the ones developed by Rutter, Achenbach and Quay best meet the criteria and show the most promise of being useful in general populations. Among research priorities for the future, the foremost should include the specification of rules of evidence for establishing the validity of new measures of emotional and behavioral disorder.
BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT APPROACHES TO PATHOLOGICAL UNSOCIALIZED PHYSICAL AGGRESSION IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: Frankel Fred , Q.immons James 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper presents some hypotheses regarding the motivation of pathological unsocialized physical aggression in children and also reviews behavioral treatment. Tentative leads were offered as to extrinsic and intrinsic determinants. Among the most promising of these were parent‐child interactive and attributive factors, and deficits in information processing in social situations. It was hypothesized that some of these factors might not be specific to pathological unsocialized physical aggression but are characteristic of children with behavior problems. Under this hypothesis, few studies were found which employed appropriate control groups. It was also hypothesized that the study of extrinsic and intrinsic factors for pathological unsocialized physical aggression may improve the design of treatment programs.
BEHAVIOURAL METHODS IN THE TREATMENT OF SLEEP DISORDERS—A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Richman Naomi , Douglas Jo , Hunt Heather , Lansdown Richard , Levere Ruth 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe efficacy of behavioural methods of treatment for severe sleep disorders was examined in a pilot study involving 35 children aged 1–5 years. Improvement occurred in 77%. Methodological issues concerning the selection of children for treatment, selecting adequate controls and outcome measures, and using parents as therapists, are discussed.
ELECTRODERMAL ACTIVITY OF UNDERSOCIALIZED AGGRESSIVE CHILDREN: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Schmidt Katalin , Solant Mary V. , Bridger Wagner H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractElectrodermal activity of 11 children with conduct disorder (CD) and 11 normal children were compared during periods of rest, moderate tone and loud bell stimulation. The CD group was best differentiated from controls by lower reactivity to the first bell, while on tonic measures they showed normal values. The electrodermal profile of the CD children thus resembled that of adult sociopaths on phasic measures only. The possibility of using electrodermal measures for predicting outcome and for differential diagnosis is raised.
THE STRESS OF SCHOOL ENTRY: PARENTAL COPING BEHAVIORS AND CHILDREN'S ADJUSTMENT TO SCHOOL
Authors: Elizur Joel 
Published: December 2006

Abstract The coping reactions of parents of 58 children exhibiting signs of maladjustment upon entering elementary school and changes in adjustment to school were evaluated during the first two school years. The relationship between coping and adjustment was evaluated by measuring both synchronous and cross‐lagged correlations.As the children's adjustment worsened during the first grade, mothers increased their coping activity, but their efforts did not contribute to an improved adjustment. An adaptive and cohesive family pattern, related to a subsequent improvement in adjustment to school, was composed of variables measuring fathers' coping activities, mothers' positive attempts to stimulate the fathers' coping behaviors, parental support of the children and their co‐operation to co‐ordinate coping strategies.
PERCEPTION OF PARENTAL PUNITIVENESS TOWARD AGGRESSION AS INFLUENCED BY SEX AND SOCIO‐ECONOMIC CLASS IN EKPOMA, BENDEL STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Efoche G. B. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract This study examines the perception of parental punitiveness toward aggression by juveniles in secondary schools in Ekpoma in Bendel Stale, Nigeria with the aid of a modified version of a Parental Punitiveness Scale (P.P.S.) with reliability figures of 0.93 and 0.92 (Pearson product‐moment correlation) for the father and mother versions respectively. The P.P.S. was originally designed by Epstein and Komorita (1965).The results of a one‐way analysis of variance used to test the hypotheses in this study, show that (a) male and female adolescents differ significantly in their perceptions, (b) the socio‐economic class variable has no significant effect on the subjects' perception of parental punitiveness towards aggression.
A COMPARISON OF THE OUTCOME OF DAY‐CARE AND INPATIENT TREATMENT OF PAEDIATRIC SURGICAL CASES
Authors: Scaife Joyce M. , Campbell Ian 
Published: December 2006

Abstract The outcome of day‐care versus inpatient surgery for two equivalent groups of children is examined. Ratings were made of medical outcome, behaviour change in the children at 1 week and 3 mths post‐discharge from a pre‐admission criterion, convenience and subjective anxiety for parents, and relative costs of the two procedures.Results showed trends in favour of the day‐care procedure. Argument is made that day‐care should be the preferred option for minor surgery in young children.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDHOOD HYPERACTIVITY A U.S.‐U. K. CROSS‐NATIONAL STUDY OF DSM—III and ICD‐9
Authors: Prendergast M. , Taylor E. , Rapoport J. L. , Bartko J. , Donnelly M. , Zametkin A. , Ahearn M. B. , Dunn G. , Wieselberg H. M. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract The unequal prevalence of hyperactivity in Britain and the U.S. was investigated with a cross‐national diagnostic study. Case histories of 6–11‐yr‐old boys were evaluated by British and American research teams as well as British and American clinician panels using both ICD‐9 and DSM‐III.Interrater agreement was acceptably high only for the specially trained research teams. ICD‐9 generated fewer diagnoses of Hyperkinetic Syndrome than did DSM‐III of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity. The difference was greatest for U.K. clinicians. Diagnostic scheme and clinician training both contribute to the difference in reported rates.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF DENTINE LEAD LEVELS, INTELLIGENCE, SCHOOL PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Fergusson D. M. , Fergusson J. E. , Horwood L. J. , Kinzett N. G. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract Dentine lead levels were obtained for a sample of 996 children who were participants in a longitudinal study of child development. Mean dentine lead levels were just over 6μ mUg g1 and had a log normal distribution.The relationship between dentine lead values and a number of variables (social background, residence in old weatherboard housing, residence on busy roads, pica) describing exposure to sources of lead was analysed. This showed that all factors made small but statistically significant contributions to variations in dentine lead values and that collectively these factors explained 10% of the variance in lead values. The implications of these results are discussed.
Agreement Between Parents' and Teachers' Ratings of Behavioral/Emotional Problems of Children aged 4–12.
Authors: Verhulst Frank C. , Akkerhuis Grard W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractParents' and teachers' reports of behavioral/emotional problems in 1 161 children aged 4–12 from the general population and assessed via the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist were compared. Low to moderate agreement was found, with parents reporting more problems than teachers. Agreement was higher for externalizing problems than for internalizing problem and higher for children receiving special education than for those receiving regular education, Agreement was slightly higher for older than younger children. Sex of the child did not influence parent‐teacher agreement. Teachers scored higher on problems related to peer relations and on problems interfering with academic functioning, whereas parents scored their children higher on problems associated more strongly with externalizing than with internalizing syndromes.