bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface Treatments and Bonding Agents on the Bond Strength of Repaired Composites
Authors: Cavalcanti Andrea Nóbrega , De Lima Adriano Fonseca , Peris Alessandra Rezende , Mitsui Fabio Hiroyuki Ogata , Marchi Giselle Maria 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTStatement of the Problem:  An adequate repair procedure depends on high bond strength between the existing composite and the new composite.Purpose:  To evaluate the effect of surface treatments and bonding procedures on the bond strength of repairs performed 24 hours after composite polymerization.Materials and Methods:  Composite specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Specimens were allocated into 12 groups (N=10) according to the combination of surface treatment (none, air abrasion, diamond bur) and bonding procedure (none, Single Bond after H3PO4 cleansing, Clearfil SE Bond after H3PO4 cleansing, Clearfil SE Bond without H3PO4 cleansing). The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the composite was tested in nonrepaired specimens. Twenty‐four hours after repair, specimens were sectioned into three slabs and trimmed to an hourglass shape (1 mm2 area). Slabs were tested under tension and mean bond strengths analyzed with two‐way analysis of variance/Tukey and Dunnett tests (α=5%).Results:  Two groups resulted in repair bond strengths similar to composite UTS: air abrasion combined with Clearfil SE Bond after H3PO4 cleansing, and air abrasion combined with Clearfil SE Bond without H3PO4 cleansing. Combinations of surface treatments and bonding procedures were not statistically different.Conclusions:  When repair procedure was performed 24 hours after composite polymerization, different combinations of surface treatments and bonding procedures affected repair bond strength similarly. There was no statistical difference between the repair bond strength of groups air‐abraded and bonded with the self‐etching system and composite UTS.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEOnly air abrasion associated with a self‐etching system provided repair bond strength comparable to composite UTS.
Ferric‐Reducing Ability Power of Selected Plant Polyphenols and Their Metabolites: Implications for Clinical Studies on the Antioxidant Effects of Fruits and Vegetable Consumption
Authors: DeGraft‐Johnson Jeffrey , Kolodziejczyk Krzysztof , Krol Maciej , Nowak Piotr , Krol Boguslaw , Nowak Dariusz 
Published: March 2007

Abstract:  Undeniably, low sensitivities in the ferric‐reducing ability power (FRAP) is evident in the detection of the augmentation of plasma antioxidant activity, relative to the rise in circulating polyphenols after ingestion of fruits and vegetables. We investigated in vitro the FRAP of 17 plant polyphenols and their metabolites at submicromolar concentrations commensurate in human plasma. We then explored the in vitro effects of polyphenols and purified apple quercetin glycosides on plasma FRAP. We found that apple quercetin glycosides along with various polyphenols observed this distinct power at submicromolar concentrations. The presence of a catechol structure in the compound molecule was positively associated with FRAP (r = 0.60, P < 0.05). An aliphatic substitute at a catechol ring and a double bond in an aliphatic substitute conjugated with an aromatic ring of catechol contributed to 37% of the variance in the FRAP of compounds with catechol in the backbone structure (n = 11). Plasma supplementation with 0.2 µM mixtures of seven of the most active compounds (catechin, 3,4‐dihydroxycinnamic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and quercetin) initiated a placid rise in FRAP (23.3 ± 1.2 versus 28.1 ± 1.3 nmol of Fe3+, P < 0.05). Apple quercetin glycosides at 0.5 µM did not elevate plasma FRAP. Plasma alone had 30 times higher power than quercetin glycosides at 0.5 µM. Abounding of FRAP exhibited in human plasma as compared to polyphenols at submicromolar concentrations, may offer elucidation to previous incongruities implicated in insignificant rises of plasma FRAP several days after ingestion of fruits or vegetables. This suggests that intake of food products and/or supplements rich in polyphenols containing a catechol ring with an aliphatic substitue augments the plasma FRAP in human beings.
Delayed Protection of Tetramethylpyrazine on Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes Subjected to Anoxia‐Reoxygenation Injury
Authors: Chen He‐Ping , He Ming , Huang Qi‐Ren , Zeng Guo‐Hua , Liu Dan 
Published: March 2007

Abstract:   The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects and the possible mechanisms of delayed preconditioning induced by tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes subjected to anoxia‐reoxygenation injury. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were preconditioned using TMP at different concentrations (100, 200 and 500 µM). Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, malondialdehyde formation, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase activity were measured to determine the protective effects against anoxia‐reoxygenation injury. The expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was measured 24 hr after TMP preconditioning by Western blot analysis. The results showed that TMP decreased lactate dehydrogenase release, increased cell viability, suppressed malondialdehyde formation and augmented activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in a concentration‐dependent manner. Moreover, the delayed protection was abolished by pre‐treating with either protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine chloride or PD98059, a selective inhibitor of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase 1/2, respectively, and the expression of Hsp70 was significantly increased in 24 hr after TMP preconditioning that was also suppressed by chelerythrine chloride or PD98059. These results suggest that TMP can induce delayed cardioprotective effects by activation of protein kinase C and extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase 1/2 signalling pathways and subsequent increased expression of Hsp70 in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes.
Maternal Empathy, Self‐Confidence, and Stress as Antecedents of Preschool Children's Behavior Problems
Authors: Walker Lorraine O. , Cheng Ching‐Yu 
Published: March 2007

PURPOSE.  To test psychosocial antecedents (maternal stress, self‐confidence, and empathy) of preschoolers’ behavior problems. DESIGN AND METHODS.  One hundred and twenty‐two postpartum mothers completed a 24‐month longitudinal mail survey. A structural equation model that included empathy was tested. RESULTS.  Stress, but not maternal self‐confidence or empathy, was directly related to child behavior problems (t = 1.98, p = .05). Maternal empathy in combination with self‐confidence or stress, however, moderated adverse effects on behavior problems (p = .03). Predictors explained 16% of variance of behavior problems.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Empathy was protective when stress was high. Empathy training may enhance high‐risk parent education.
The Relationship Between Fatigue and Quality of Life in Children With Chronic Health Problems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Eddy Linda , Cruz Maria 
Published: March 2007

PURPOSE.  This systematic review synthesized the literature regarding fatigue in children with chronic health problems and examined the relationship to quality of life. CONCLUSIONS.  Most studies that have examined fatigue and its relationship to quality of life in children with chronic health problems have focused on children with cancer. Studies found that children often reported fatigue and that it decreased quality of life. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Quantifying fatigue in children with chronic illnesses and disabilities is critical for pediatric nursing assessment. Understanding the impact of fatigue on children with chronic health problems is a first step in improving their quality of life.
Multiple Behavioral Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Cancer Screening Status
Authors: Coups Elliot J. , Manne Sharon L. , Meropol Neal J. , Weinberg David S. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Background: Individuals who are not adherent to colorectal cancer screening have a greater prevalence of several other behavioral risk factors for colorectal cancer than adherent individuals. However, previous relevant studies have typically not considered the co-occurrence of such behavioral risk factors at the individual level. In the current study, we examined the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of multiple behavioral risk factors for colorectal cancer according to colorectal cancer screening status (adherent versus not adherent).
Methods: The study sample consisted of 11,090 individuals ages 50 years and older who participated in the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Based on responses to survey questions, individuals were categorized as being adherent or not adherent to colorectal cancer screening guidelines and were also denoted as having or not having each of seven behavioral risk factors for colorectal cancer (smoking, low physical activity, low fruit and vegetable intake, high caloric intake from fat, obesity, high alcohol intake, and low intake of multivitamins).
Results: Individuals who were not adherent to screening reported having a greater number of risk factors than adherent individuals. For each screening group, there was a high prevalence of having low physical activity, low fruit and vegetable intake, and low intake of multivitamins. Demographic and health-related correlates of behavioral risk factor prevalence were identified in both screening groups.
Conclusions: In combination with efforts to promote colorectal cancer screening uptake and adherence, there is a need to develop interventions to modify the colorectal cancer behavioral risk factors that are common among screening-adherent and nonadherent individuals. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):510–6)
Soy Product and Isoflavone Consumption in Relation to Prostate Cancer in Japanese Men
Authors: Kurahashi Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Sasazuki Shizuka , Otani Tetsuya , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   Japan Public Health Center–Based Prospective Study Group
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The incidence of prostate cancer is much lower in Asian than Western populations. Environmental factors, such as dietary habits, may play a major role in the causation of prostate cancer. Although isoflavones have been suggested to show a preventive effect against prostate cancer in animal experiments, the results of epidemiologic studies are inconsistent. Here, we conducted a population-based prospective study in 43,509 Japanese men ages 45 to 74 years who generally have a high intake of isoflavones and low incidence of prostate cancer. Participants responded to a validated questionnaire, which included 147 food items. During follow-up from 1995 through 2004, 307 men were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer, of which 74 cases were advanced, 220 cases were organ localized, and 13 cases were of an undetermined stage. Intakes of genistein, daidzein, miso soup, and soy food were not associated with total prostate cancer. However, these four items decreased the risk of localized prostate cancer. In contrast, positive associations were seen between isoflavones and advanced prostate cancer. These results were strengthened when analysis was confined to men ages &gt;60 years, in whom isoflavones and soy food were associated with a dose-dependent decrease in the risk of localized cancer, with relative risks for men in the highest quartile of genistein, daidzein, and soy food consumption compared with the lowest of 0.52 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.30-0.90], 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28-0.88), and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.29-0.90), respectively. In conclusion, we found that isoflavone intake was associated with a decreased risk of localized prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):538–45)
Perceived Ambiguity about Screening Mammography Recommendations: Association with Future Mammography Uptake and Perceptions
Authors: Han Paul K.J. , Kobrin Sarah C. , Klein William M.P. , Davis William W. , Stefanek Michael , Taplin Steven H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractConflicting expert recommendations regarding cancer screening and prevention are growing in number, visibility, and importance, but their impact are not well understood. In this study, we examined the impact of conflicting recommendations about mammography screening on women's mammography behavior and perceptions. We conducted a secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the 1995 Maximizing Mammography Participation Trial, a large randomized interventional trial examining the effectiveness of patient reminders in increasing mammography utilization among women ages 50 to 79. Using the decision theory concept of “ambiguity” as an analytic framework, we tested several predictions about the effects of conflicting recommendations regarding mammography recommendations on behavior, cognitions, and emotions related to mammography screening. We found high perceived ambiguity about mammography recommendations to be associated with both diminished uptake of mammography over time [odds ratio (OR), 0.42; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.23-0.76; P &lt; 0.0001] and lower intentions for future mammography (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.20-0.55; P &lt; 0.0001). High perceived ambiguity also predicted greater mammography-related worry over time (OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.79-3.78; P &lt; 0.0001). These findings suggest that conflicting recommendations regarding cancer screening and prevention have important effects, and we discuss the implications of these findings for future research. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):458–66)
Epistatic Relationship between the Cancer Susceptibility Genes CHEK2 and p27
Authors: Cybulski Cezary , Gliniewicz Bartłomiej , Sikorski Andrzej , Kładny Józef , Huzarski Tomasz , Gronwald Jacek , Byrski Tomasz , Dȩbniak Tadeusz , Gorski Bohdan , Jakubowska Anna , Wokolorczyk Dominika , Narod Steven A. , Lubiñski Jan 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We studied the effects of p27 and CHEK2 variants on prostate and colon cancer risk in a case-control study. Modest effects on prostate cancer risk were observed for both CHEK2 missense and truncating variants. However, the excess cancer risk was restricted to the subgroup of men who were homozygous for the VV genotype in codon 109 of the p27 gene. Among men with the VV p27 genotype, the odds ratios associated with truncating and missense CHEK2 mutations were 3.1 (P &lt; 0.0001) and 1.9 (P &lt; 0.0001), respectively. Among men with other p27 genotypes (GG and VG), the odds ratios were 1.5 and 1.2 for truncating and missense CHEK2 mutations, respectively, and were not statistically significant. The interaction between CHEK2 and p27 was confirmed in a group of patients with colon cancer. Thus, it seems that the clinical expression of CHEK2 variant alleles on prostate and colon cancer risk may be restricted to individuals with a specific genotype (VV) of the p27 gene. Two-gene models provide numerous challenges for gene identification and cancer risk assessment. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):572–6)
Differential Induction in Telomerase Activity among Bladder Cancer Patients and Controls on γ-Radiation
Authors: Xing Jinliang , Zhu Yong , Zhao Hua , Yang Hushan , Chen Meng , Spitz Margaret R. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Expression of telomerase is one of the hallmarks of tumor cells and has been used as a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in cancer. Novel findings have shown that telomerase activation in normal human epithelial cells may affect expression of several cancer-related genes, such as growth-related genes and c-myc gene, suggesting a possible role of telomerase in tumor initiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that individuals who are sensitive to mutagen challenge in terms of induced telomerase activity might have increased cancer risk. We tested this hypothesis in a bladder cancer case-control study (51 cases and 51 matched controls) by measuring baseline and γ-radiation–induced telomerase activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes. We found a significantly higher γ-radiation–induced telomerase activity in bladder cancer cases compared with the controls (1.34 versus 1.23; P = 0.044). A similar finding was also observed using the normalized telomerase activity (ratio of γ-radiation induced versus baseline; 1.49 versus 1.19; P &lt; 0.001). In further categorizing the telomerase activity using 75% of the normalized value in the controls as a cutoff point, we found a significantly increased risk for bladder cancer associated with higher induced telomerase activity (adjusted odds ratio, 3.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.38-9.51). In quartile analysis, a dose-response association was noted between the induced telomerase activity and increased bladder cancer risk (Ptrend = 0.005). Our findings provide the first evidence linking the mutagen-induced telomerase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes to the risk of bladder cancer, which warrants further investigation in large-sized studies and other cancer types. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):606–9)
Haplotype-Based Analysis of Common Variation in theAcetyl-CoA Carboxylase αGene and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study Nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Sinilnikova Olga M. , McKay James D. , Tavtigian Sean V. , Canzian Federico , DeSilva Deepika , Biessy Carine , Monnier Stéphanie , Dossus Laure , Boillot Catherine , Gioia Lydie , Hughes David J. , Jensen Majken K. , Overvad Kim , Tjonneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Chajès Véronique , Joulin Virginie , Linseisen Jakob , Chang-Claude Jenny , Boeing Heiner , Dahm Stephan , Trichopoulou Antonia , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Koliva Maria , Khaw Kay-Tee , Bingham Sheila , Allen Naomi E. , Key Timothy , Palli Domenico , Panico Salvatore , Berrino Franco , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , Peeters Petra H. , van Gils Carla H. , Lund Eiliv , Pera Guillem , Quirós José Ramón , Dorronsoro Miren , Martínez García Carmen , Tormo María-José , Ardanaz Eva , Hallmans Goran , Lenner Per , Berglund Göran , Manjer Jonas , Riboli Elio , Lenoir Gilbert M. , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA key fatty acid synthesis enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACC-α), has been shown to be highly expressed in human breast cancer and other tumor types and also to specifically interact with the protein coded by one of two major breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1. We used a comprehensive haplotype analysis to examine the contribution of the ACC-α common genetic variation (allele frequency &gt;5%) to breast cancer in a case-control study (1,588 cases/2,600 controls) nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. We identified 21 haplotype-tagging polymorphisms efficiently capturing common variation within 325 kb of ACC-α and surrounding sequences using genotype data from the HapMap project and our resequencing data. We found an effect on overall risk of breast cancer in homozygous carriers of one common haplotype [odds ratio (OR), 1.74; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.03-2.94]. When the data were subdivided by menopausal status, we found statistical evidence of heterogeneity for two other common haplotypes (P value for heterogeneity = 0.016 and 0.045). In premenopausal women, the carriers of these haplotypes, compared with noncarriers, had an altered risk of breast cancer (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53-0.92 and OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.04-1.76). These findings were not significant after adjustment for multiple testing and therefore should be considered as preliminary and evaluated in larger independent studies. However, they suggest a possible role of the ACC-α common sequence variants in susceptibility to breast cancer and encourage studies of other genes involved in fatty acid synthesis. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):409–15)
Premenopausal Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Serum Levels and Changes in Breast Density over Menopause
Authors: Verheus Martijn , Peeters Petra H.M. , Kaaks Rudolf , van Noord Paulus A.H. , Grobbee Diederick E. , van Gils Carla H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground: A high proportion of glandular and stromal tissue in the breast (percentage breast density) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer development. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is hypothesized to influence breast cancer risk by increasing breast density.Objectives: We studied the relation between premenopausal circulating IGF-I levels and premenopausal and postmenopausal, absolute nondense and dense area, and percentage breast density as well as changes in these measures over menopause.Design and Methods: Mammograms and blood samples of 684 premenopausal participants of the Prospect-European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort were collected at baseline. A second mammogram of these women was collected after they became postmenopausal. Premenopausal IGF-I levels were measured in serum. Premenopausal and postmenopausal breast measures were assessed using a computer-assisted method. Mean values of breast measures were calculated for quartiles of serum IGF-I using linear regression analysis.Results: Women with higher premenopausal IGF-I levels showed a slightly smaller decrease in dense area over menopause (−12.2 cm2 in the highest versus −12.9 cm2 in the lowest quartile; P trend = 0.58) and, at the same time, a smaller increase in the nondense (fat) area (P trend = 0.09). Due to the changes over menopause, high premenopausal IGF-I serum levels were associated with lower nondense area (P trend = 0.05), somewhat higher dense area (P trend = 0.66), and consequently higher percentage breast density (P trend = 0.02) after menopause.Conclusion and Discussion: Women with higher premenopausal IGF-I levels have a smaller increase in nondense area and also a slightly smaller decrease in absolute dense area during menopause, resulting in higher breast density after menopause. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):451–7)
Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Leisure-Time Exercise in Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Andrykowski Michael A. , Beacham Abbie O. , Jacobsen Paul B. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Physical activity can have a beneficial effect on both physical and mental health in cancer survivors. However, evidence from cross-sectional and/or retrospective research suggests that cancer treatment can be associated with both short- and long-term reductions in physical activity. A prospective, longitudinal research design was used to examine the trajectory of leisure-time exercise in early-stage breast cancer patients from two treatment centers (n = 231). Participation in mild, moderate, and strenuous leisure-time exercise was assessed before, during, and following completion of adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 136) or chemotherapy + radiation (n = 95). Results indicated significant decreases, relative to pre-diagnosis baseline, in total estimated weekly metabolic equivalents and minutes of leisure-time exercise during adjuvant therapy for both the radiotherapy and chemotherapy + radiation groups. However, activity levels seemed to quickly recover and did not differ from pre-diagnosis baseline at assessments 2 and 6 months following completion of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy + radiation. Although suggesting little effect of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment on participation in leisure-time exercise at 6-month follow-up, these group analyses obscure the fact that a large number of individuals (35.5%) exhibited clinically significant change, both decreases or increases, in total weekly metabolic equivalents between pre-diagnosis baseline and 6-month follow-up. Fostering appropriate participation in physical activity in cancer patients and survivors is likely to be enhanced by better understanding of the beliefs and motivations that underlie spontaneous changes in participation in leisure-time exercise. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):430–8)