bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the relationship between soil erosion and hydraulic parameters on slopes with clipped herbaceous vegetation through Bayesian network modeling
Authors: He Qilin , Li Binbin , Zhang Fengbao , Shen Nan , Yang Mingyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClipping management, which alters vegetation conditions by removing aboveground vegetation while preserving the underground root system, directly impacts hydrological processes and flow dynamics, ultimately affecting soil erosion processes. This study conducted field experiments (2 × 6 m) encompassing four clipping intensities (with vegetation coverage of 70%, 50%, 25%, and 0%), three rainfall intensities (60, 90, and 120 mm·h−1), and three slope gradients (10°, 20°, and 30°). The results showed that clipping treatments significantly reduced the Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient (f). Elevated levels of clipping intensity, rainfall intensity, and slope gradient led to increased flow velocity (v), Reynolds number (Re), and stream power (ω). The shear stress (τ) exhibited an upward trend with rising slope and rainfall intensity, with no significant difference in the effect of clipping intensity. Variation partitioning analysis demonstrated that the influence of steep slopes amplified the effects of rainfall intensity while diminishing the impact of clipping intensity on v values. Critically, the Bayesian network model suggested that, in comparison to the influence of raindrop splashing, soil detachment and transportation by runoff were the predominant driving mechanisms for erosion on slopes with clipped vegetation. Rainfall intensity and clipping intensity were found to raise the runoff depth and enhance the v value, which ultimately influenced soil erosion. Overall, these results contribute to an improved comprehension of the hydraulic dynamics of soil erosion on slopes with clipped vegetation and provide invaluable perspectives for developing effective clipping management strategies to ensure sustainable land utilization and judicious water resource governance.
Comparison of time‐matched aerobic, resistance or combined exercise training in women living with obesity: The EXOFFIT study
Authors: Davis Mary E. , Blake Catherine , O’Donoghue Gráinne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundImprovements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have been shown to largely attenuate the negative health risks associated with obesity. To date, literature on women with obesity has focused upon the evaluation of aerobic‐based exercise interventions. Hence, there is a need to evaluate resistance and combined interventions with this cohort.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of three exercise modalities in women with obesity for improving CRF, strength, body composition and other health outcomes.MethodsSixty‐seven women with obesity were randomly assigned to the control (CON) or one of three exercise groups (aerobic [AE], resistance [RE], COM). Exercise groups were trained x3 times/week for 12 weeks (up to 150‐min/week). Feasibility outcomes included adherence, attendance, recruitment and retention rates and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were CRF (predicted VO2 max), body composition (body weight [BW], waist circumference [WC], body fat percentage [%BF], fat mass [FM] and lean mass) and strength (5RM bench press, leg dynamometry, grip strength) and self‐reported measures of physical activity, mood, sleep, pain and quality of life.ResultsFindings support the feasibility of all three exercise modalities in terms of adherence, attendance, and retention. Interventions with a resistance component (COM and RE) were associated with the greatest improvements across the broad range of health outcomes measured. Combined was the most promising for body composition outcomes including body mass index (Effect size [ES] = 0.79, p = 0.04), BW (ES = 0.75, p = 0.05), %BF (ES = 0.77, p = 0.04), FM (ES = 0.83, p = 0.03) and WC (ES = 0.90, p = 0.02), physical activity (i.e., moderate physical activity [ES = 0.69, p = 0.07), mood (ES = 0.83, p = 0.03) and sleep (ES = 0.78, p = 0.04). Resistance was most promising for CRF (ES = 1.47, p = 0.002), strength (i.e., bench press [ES = 2.88, p=<0.001]) and pain (i.e., pain severity [ES = 0.40, p = 0.31]).ConclusionsFor health outcomes, these results indicate the importance of including a resistance component when prescribing exercise for women with obesity to achieve meaningful improvements.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATIONISRCTN13517067
A novel micromechanical model for predicting the shear properties of multilayer Ti3C2TxMXene/carbon fiber fabric/epoxy composite
Authors: Duan Ningmin , Li Yong , Shi Zhenyu , Wang Jilai , Zhang Chengpeng , Tang Xuefeng , Wang Guilong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNowadays, it is still a huge challenge to predict the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of three‐phase carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). Herein, the three‐phase micromechanical model is innovatively constructed to predict the ILSS of CFRP, and the conception of new matrix is proposed by establishing a connection between the third phase and the matrix, which effectively solves the problem of uneven distribution of the third phase. To verify the accuracy of the micromechanical model, the Ti3C2Tx MXene/CFf/epoxy composites were fabricated by the co‐blending, layer‐by‐layer assembly and hot‐pressing technology, and the finite element simulation analysis was also performed based on the micromechanical model. The results show that the micromechanical model possesses high accuracy. Specifically, the experimental value of ILSS of the composite with 1 wt% Ti3C2Tx MXene content is 52.12 MPa, and the errors of simulation value (56.64 MPa) and theoretical prediction value (58.69 MPa) are 8.67% and 12.61% MPa, respectively. Besides, the detailed fracture mechanism of the composite is presented based on the fracture morphology and simulation results. It is believed that this work will provide more possibilities for the prediction of the interlaminar shear performance of three‐phase composites.Highlights
A novel micromechanical model is used to predict the ILSS of three‐phase composite.
The accuracy of the micromechanical model is verified by simulation and experiment.
The main failure form of the Ti3C2Tx MXene/CFf/epoxy composite is matrix broken.
The micromechanical model of the three‐phase composites has high accuracy.
Accelerating into production
Authors: Gutierrez Desi , Duggan Shane , Smyth Frank , Murphy Caolán , Jain Gaurav 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe JePPIX InPulse pilot line projects, rooted in the objectives of accelerating InP PIC manufacturing and innovation, present Pilot Photonics with an excellent opportunity to enable a cost‐effective transition from multiproject wafers (MPWs) to dedicated wafers with its two partners Smart Photonics and Fraunhofer HHI, two leading European PIC foundries. The chip quantities produced bolster design optimization and preproduction efforts for the company's flagship tunable and comb laser products.
High speed wafer grooving with UV‐USP lasers
Authors: Biesheuvel Kees , Huberts Patrick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article explores the application of ultraviolet ultrashort‐pulse (UV‐USP) laser grooving in tandem with other process steps such as plasma dicing as a practical approach to enable advanced microelectronic packaging. The non‐contact nature of UV‐USP laser grooving, along with its ability to ablate material with minimal lateral thermal damage, results in clean and precise grooving lines.
Registration of ‘TifJumbo’ peanut
Authors: Holbrook C. Corley , Clevenger Josh , Ozias‐Akins Peggy , Chu Ye , Brenneman Tim B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract‘TifJumbo’ (Reg. no. CV‐157, PI 701814) is a virginia‐type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar released by the USDA–ARS and the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2021. TifJumbo was developed at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Our research objective was to develop a high oleic acid, virginia market‐type cultivar that also has resistance to the peanut root‐knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] and resistance to spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV). Breeding populations were developed by hybridizing C1805‐2‐9‐16 × N08082olJCT. C1805‐2‐9‐16 is a breeding line selected from the cross of Tifguard × ‘Florida‐07’. N08082olJCT is a ‘Bailey’‐derived, high‐oleic breeding line. Marker assisted selection was used in the development of TifJumbo to select for nematode resistance and the high oleic to linoleic (O/L) characteristic. TifJumbo has a high level of resistance to both the peanut root‐knot nematode and TSWV and has a high O/L ratio. When tested in fields without nematode pressure, TifJumbo exhibited yields that were at least similar to other currently grown peanut cultivars. When tested in fields with nematode pressure, TifJumbo exhibited significantly higher yields in comparison to Bailey, a widely grown, nematode‐susceptible, virginia‐type cultivar. Grade variables for TifJumbo were similar to other common virginia‐type peanut cultivars. Seed size and size distribution were similar to other virginia‐type cultivars.
Attitudes of clients of Dutch pest controllers towards integrated pest management (IPM) and preventive measures in relation to rodent nuisance
Authors: van Gerwen Maite AAM , Rodenburg T Bas , Arndt Saskia S , Meerburg Bastiaan G , Meijboom Franck LB 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDRodent management with lethal methods (e.g., rodenticides) comes with downsides for rodent welfare, the environment and non‐target species. To reduce chemical use and prevent rodent nuisance, pest controllers in the Netherlands must work according to the principles of integrated pest management (IPM). A condition for the success of IPM is that there is sufficient engagement of all parties involved, including clients of pest controllers. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the attitudes of clients regarding rodent control, IPM and the application of preventive measures. Insight into their attitudes may contribute to a better implementation of IPM and with that to a more sustainable rodent management based on more effective prevention. An online survey among 248 clients of Dutch pest controllers from both the agricultural and other sectors was carried out.RESULTSRespondents from the agricultural sector had a relatively negative attitude towards IPM, the new IPM regulations in the Netherlands and had little confidence in prevention. In other sectors, respondents were more positive about IPM and had more confidence in prevention. The respondents from the latter subgroup had a similar attitude compared to Dutch pest controllers who participated in a previous survey.CONCLUSIONThe findings of the study provide information for the further development and practical implementation of IPM and preventive measures and with that a more sustainable and animal friendly rodent management. They can also be helpful for a better communication and cooperation between pest controllers and their clients. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Consistent, conservative, and efficient advection updatesfor iterative‐implicit atmospheric solvers
Authors: Thuburn John 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAtmospheric model dynamical cores that iterate towards a Crank–Nicolson‐like implicit time‐stepping scheme are attractive for operational prediction because their excellent stability properties permit the use of long time steps. However, the long‐time‐step advection schemes used in such models are relatively expensive, and that expense is compounded by the need to compute the advection terms multiple times in the iterative solver. Moreover, unless care is taken in the design of the solver, desirable properties of an advection scheme, such as conservation, consistency, and boundedness, might only be achieved in the unaffordable limit of solver convergence. Here, a modification to such iterative solvers is proposed, similar to the previously published SLIC scheme, in which full advection calculations are made only once per time step, with cheap advection updates made at each solver iteration. This modification significantly reduces the cost of such iterative solvers. It is shown here that the cheap advection updates and the solver back‐substitution calculations can be formulated in such a way that the advection remains conservative, consistent, and bounded no matter how many solver iterations are taken, and not only at solver convergence. The proposed approach is demonstrated in shallow‐water model simulations.
A novel optimization method for attenuating multi‐interferences in satellite communication earth station
Authors: Luo Kang , Wang Qing , Yang Kai , Li Bin 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe study of multi‐interferences plays a pivotal role in advancing the development of next‐generation, high‐performance communication devices. In this paper, we propose a design approach for auxiliary antennas aimed at mitigating multi‐interference challenges within satellite communication earth stations. We introduce an eight‐element auxiliary antenna with an elliptical beam comprising dual radiation patches and a T‐shaped power divider, to attenuate interferences originating from three distinct directions. To enhance the azimuthal beamwidth, we adjust the dimensions of the ground plane and extend the substrate. At a frequency of 12.5 GHz, the antenna exhibits a 3‐dB beam spacing of 38° and an azimuthal width of 162°, with a maximum gain of 7.9 dBi. We employ a sidelobe canceller to optimize the antenna's performance, and both simulations and measurements affirm that the auxiliary antenna achieves an extinction interference cancelation ratio exceeding 27 dB under all circumstances.
Promoting entrepreneurship for sustainable development: Are education capital and ICT diffusion important?
Authors: Altwaijri Ahmad , Omri Anis , Alfehaid Faisal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature on sustainable entrepreneurship by investigating the impact of entrepreneurship (both opportunity‐driven and necessity‐driven) on the achievement of sustainable development (SD) across its three dimensions. Additionally, it explores the underlying mechanisms through which this relationship is influenced. Specifically, the study examines the role of education capital (including education levels and government spending on education) and information and communication technology (ICT) diffusion (access, usage, and skills) in facilitating this relationship. The analysis focuses on data from Saudi Arabia and utilizes the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimator. The findings indicate that only opportunity entrepreneurship exhibits a positive influence on SD. Furthermore, the study reveals that the positive impact of opportunity entrepreneurship is amplified through its interaction with government spending on education and tertiary education, leading to favorable indirect net effects on SD at both aggregated and disaggregated levels. Similarly, the interaction between opportunity entrepreneurship and ICT usage, as well as access, generates positive indirect net effects on SD across aggregated and disaggregated levels. Therefore, education capital and ICT diffusion are indeed key mechanisms that foster opportunity‐driven entrepreneurship for achieving SD. Education equips individuals with the necessary skills and mindset, whereas ICTs provide access to information, markets, and tools for business efficiency and innovation. By investing in education and promoting the widespread adoption and accessibility of ICTs, governments can empower individuals to become successful entrepreneurs while driving sustainable economic, environmental, and social progress.
“Smile even if your burdens are heavy”: Smallholder challenges and the Sabah sustainable palm oil initiative
Authors: Hou Tham Mun , Tamunaidu Pramila , Padfield Rory , Huzir Nurhamieza Md 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSabah, Malaysia's biggest palm oil‐producing state, has made Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) certification mandatory under Sabah's Jurisdictional Certified Sustainable Palm Oil (JCSPO) initiative. Few studies have examined the independent native smallholders' challenges in adopting the JCSPO initiative. To address this knowledge gap, we engaged with oil palm smallholders via various qualitative methodological approaches over a 14 month period. We identified a range of challenges currently faced by the smallholder; these include RSPO compliance, land tenure issue, low financial and knowledge capacities, increasing food insecurity, and unstable market price of certified crude palm oil. In our article, we argue that the statewide certification policy is consolidating the inequalities in resource access and capacity for growth amongst smallholder groups in different districts. Fair resource allocation to different geographical areas is needed to provide new empowerment mechanisms and remedies for marginalized groups.
Suppression of Thermally Induced Surface Traps in Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids via Ultrafast Pulsed Light
Authors: Lee Eon Ji , Lee Wonjong , Yun Tae Ho , You Hyung Ryul , Kim Hae Jeong , Yu Han Na , Kim Soo‐Kwan , Kim Younghoon , Ahn Hyungju , Lim Jongchul , Yim Changyong , Choi Jongmin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThermal annealing (TA) of colloidal quantum dot (CQD) films is considered an important process for recent high‐performing CQD solar cells (SCs) due to its beneficial effects on CQD solids, including enhanced electrical conductivity, denser packing of CQD films, and the removal of organic residues and solvents. However, the conventional TA for CQDs, which requires several minutes, leads to hydroxylation and oxidation on the CQD surface, resulting in the formation of trap states and a subsequent decline in SC performance. To address these challenges, this study introduces a flashlight annealing (FLA) technique that significantly reduces the annealing time to the millisecond scale. Through the FLA approach, it successfully suppressed hydroxylation and oxidation, resulting in decreased trap states within the CQD solids while simultaneously preserving their charge transport properties. As a result, CQD SCs treated with FLA exhibited a notable improvement, achieving an open‐circuit voltage of 0.66 V compared to 0.63 V in TA‐treated devices, leading to an increase in power conversion efficiency from 12.71% to 13.50%.
H‐Glass Supported Hybrid Gold Nano‐Islands for Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Mandal Indrajeet , Gangareddy Jagannath , Sethurajaperumal Abimannan , NK Murugasenapathi , Majji Manikanta , Bera Susmita , Rudra Pratyasha , Ravichandran Vanmathi , Bysakh Sandip , Jacob Noah , Rao K. D. M. , Singh Rajiv K. , Krishnan N. M. Anoop , Chirumamilla Manohar , Palanisamy Tamilarasan , Motapothula M. , Varrla Eswaraiah , Ghosh Srabanti , Allu Amarnath R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlat panel reactors, coated with photocatalytic materials, offer a sustainable approach for the commercial production of hydrogen (H2) with zero carbon footprint. Despite this, achieving high solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency with these reactors is still a significant challenge due to the low utilization efficiency of solar light and rapid charge recombination. Herein, hybrid gold nano‐islands (HGNIs) are developed on transparent glass support to improve the STH efficiency. Plasmonic HGNIs are grown on an in‐house developed active glass sheet composed of sodium aluminum phosphosilicate oxide glass (H‐glass) using the thermal dewetting method at 550 °C under an ambient atmosphere. HGNIs with various oxidation states (Au0, Au+, and Au−) and multiple interfaces are obtained due to the diffusion of the elements from the glass structure, which also facilitates the lifetime of the hot electron to be ≈2.94 ps. H‐glass‐supported HGNIs demonstrate significant STH conversion efficiency of 0.6%, without any sacrificial agents, via water dissociation. This study unveils the specific role of H‐glass‐supported HGNIs in facilitating light‐driven chemical conversions, offering new avenues for the development of high‐performance photocatalysts in various chemical conversion reactions for large‐scale commercial applications.
A comparative analysis of Charlson's weighted index of comorbidity and perforated peptic ulcer scores in predicting postoperative mortality and high comprehensive complication index
Authors: Lim Raymond Zhun Ming , Tan Jih Huei , Raja Ram Novinth Kumar , Tan Henry Chor Lip , Ho Ivan Khor Ee , Chuah Jun Sen , Mahendran Hans Alexander 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exists on Charlson's weighted index of comorbidity (WIC) predictability for postoperative outcomes following perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) surgery. This study assesses the utility of WIC and other predictive scores in forecasting both postoperative mortality and morbidity in PPU.Materials & MethodsPatients with PPUs operated between 2018 and 2021 in a Malaysian tertiary referral center were included. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for association with mortality and morbidity measured with the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). Predictability of WIC and other predictors were examined using area under receiver–operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).ResultsAmong 110 patients included, 18 died (16.4%) and 36 (32.7%) had significant morbidity postoperatively (High CCI, ≥26.2). Both mortality and high CCI were associated with age >65 years, female sex, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and renal disease), and American Society of Anesthesiologist score >2. Most patients who died had renal dysfunction, metabolic acidosis, lactate >2 mmol/L upon presentation preoperatively. While surgery >24 h after presentation correlated with mortality and high CCI, the benefit of earlier surgery <6 h or <12 h was not demonstrated. WIC (AUC, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81–0.99) showed similar predictability to Peptic Ulcer Perforation (PULP) (AUC, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.93–1.00) for mortality. PULP effectively predicted high CCI (AUC, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73–0.93; p < 0.001).ConclusionWIC is valuable in predicting mortality, highlighting the importance of comorbidity in risk assessment. PULP score was effective in predicting both mortality and high CCI. Early identification of patients with high perioperative risk will facilitate patients' triage for escalated care, leading to a better outcome.
Celestial gluon and graviton OPE at loop level
Authors: Krishna Hare 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the loop corrections to celestial OPE for gluons and gravitons. Even at the loop level, the soft gluons and gravitons have conformal dimensions ∆ = 1 −$${\mathbb{Z}}_{\ge 0}$$. The only novelty is the presence of higher poles. At one loop level, there are two types of conformal soft gluons with a single pole and a double pole in the ∆ plane. The celestial OPEs are obtained using the collinear splitting functions. In the case of gluons, the splitting functions receive loop corrections. After taking the holomorphic soft limit, we find the OPE of conformal soft gluons. We find a novel mixing of simple and double poles soft gluon operators in the OPE. In the case of gravitons, where splitting functions are known to be all loop exact, we still find a wedge algebra of w∞ which is in addition to the wedge algebra of w1+∞ already found by Strominger.