bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naloxone reversal of oxymorphone effects in dogs
Authors: Copland Virginia S. , Haskins Steve C. , Patz John 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Oxymorphone was administered iv to dogs 4 times at 20-minute intervals (total dosage, 1 mg/kg of body weight, iv) on 2 separate occasions. Minute ventilation, mixed-expired carbon dioxide concentration, arterial and mixed venous pH and blood gas tensions, arterial, central venous, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary wedge pressures, and cardiac output were measured. Physiologic dead space, base deficit, oxygen transport, and vascular resistance were calculated before and at 5 minutes after the first dose of oxymorphone (0.4 mg/kg) and at 15 minutes after the first and the 3 subsequent doses of oxymorphone (0.2 mg/kg). During 1 of the 2 experiments in each dog, naloxone was administered 20 minutes after the last dose of oxymorphone; during the alternate experiment, naloxone was not administered. In 5 dogs, naloxone was administered iv in titrated dosages (0.005 mg/kg) at 1-minute intervals until the dogs were able to maintain sternal recumbency, and in the other 5 dogs, naloxone was administered im as a single dose (0.04 mg/kg).
Naloxone (0.01 mg/kg, iv or 0.04 mg/kg, im) transiently reversed most of the effects of oxymorphone. Within 20 to 40 minutes after iv naloxone administration and within 40 to 70 minutes after im naloxone administration, most variables returned to the approximate values measured before naloxone administration. The effects of oxymorphone outlasted the effects of naloxone; cardiovascular and pulmonary depression and sedation recurred in all dogs. Four hours and 20 minutes after the last dose of oxymorphone, alertness, responsiveness, and coordination improved in all dogs after im administration of naloxone. Cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, or excitement was not observed after naloxone administration.
Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in halothane-anesthetized dogs before and after hemorrhage
Authors: Curtis Michael B. , Bednarski Richard M. , Majors Lynda 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in halothane-anesthetized dogs to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after hemorrhage.
Six dogs were anesthetized with thiamylal sodium (20 mg/kg of body weight) and halothane (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% oxygen. After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (sap), heart rate (hr), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. Stroke volume, cardiac index (ci), stroke index (si), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (svr) were calculated. Epinephrine (0.1, 0.3. and 0,5 μg/kg/min (low, medium, and high doses respectively]) and dobutamine (1, 5, and 10 μg/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. Methoxamine was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, iv. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume.
Dobutamine administered at the low dose before hemorrhage increased sap and dP/dT. At the high and medium dose, dobutamine significantly increased ci, si dP/dT, and sap, with no significant change in hr or svr. The nedium dose of epinephrine was the most effective dose of epinephrine at increasing key variables (ci, si, dP/dT). The response of ci and si to this dose was not significantly different from the changes seen with high-dose administration of dobutamine. The dP/dT was significantly lower with epinephrine than with dobutamine, and svr and hr were unchanged with epinephrine, except at the low dose, which decreased svr. Methoxamine significantly deceased ci, si and hr, whereas svr and sap were increased significantly.
After hemorrhage, the only variables that had a signficant change in the absolute magnitude of the response, to a drug, relative to the response before hemorrhage, were a significantly reduced ability of dobutamine and nethoxamine to increase sap, and a significantly debased ability of methoxamine to decrease ci.
We concluded that dobutamine and epinephrine provide beneficial short-term support of the cardiovascular system in the halothane-anesthetized dog during acute hypovolemia.
Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs before and after hemorrhage
Authors: Curtis Michael B. , Bednarski Richard M. , Majors Lynda 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after hemorrhage.
Six dogs were anesthetized with thiamylal sodium (20 mg/kg of body weight) and isoflurane (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% oxygen. After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure, heart rate (hr), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/ dT) were measured. Stroke volume, cardiac index (ci), stroke index (si), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (svr) were calculated. Epinephrine (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 μg/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and dobutamine (1,5, and 10 μg/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. Methoxamine was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, iv. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume.
Before hemorrhage, administration of high doses of dobutamine and medium and high doses of epinephrine were equally effective at increasing ci and si. The dP/dT was increased to the greatest degree by administration of high doses of dobutamine. Administration of the low dose of dobutamine increased dP/dT, whereas administration of the low dose of epinephrine increased ci, hr, and si, and decreased svr. The hr and svr were not increased by administration of any dose of dobutamine or of the medium and high doses of epinephrine. However, methoxamine increased svr and decreased hr. Methoxamine decreased ci, si, and dP/dT, but increased systemic arterial pressure to the same degree as that attributed to administration of high doses of dobutamine and epinephrine.
After hemorrhage, effectiveness of the drugs in eliciting a response was unchanged, except for a decreased ability of dobutamine to increase rate-pressure product. Further, when the results of this study were compared with those of an earlier halothane study, there were no significant differences in the response of a variable to drug infusion on the basis of the anesthetic. The drugs were equally effective with halothane or isoflurane anesthesia. Results indicated that dobutamine and epinephrine are effective short-term treatments for hypovolemia during volume resuscitation, and that they work equally well with halothane or isoflurane anesthesia.
Small-volume resuscitation with hypertonic saline solution in hypovolemic cats
Authors: Muir William W. , Sally Jan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We evaluated the hemodynamic effects of iv and intraaortic (aortic root) administration of 7.5% NaCl solution on hemodynamics in anesthetized cats with severe hypovolemia. Hypovolemic shock was induced by exsanguinating cats to a mean arterial blood pressure of 50 mm of Hg, which was maintained for 30 minutes prior to treatment. Shed blood volume was 38.4 ± 2.1 ml/kg of body weight. The cats were treated with a small volume (4 ml/kg) of 0.9% NaCl solution iv, 7.5% NaCl solution iv, or 7.5% NaCl solution administered into the aortic root.
The iv administration of 0.9% NaCl solution did not improve hemodynamics. The iv administration of 7.5% NaCl solution induced rapid restoration of arterial blood pressure, aortic blood flow, and cardiac contractility. Total peripheral vascular resistance decreased. The administration of 7.5% NaCl solution into the aortic root induced a further deterioration in hemodynamics resulting in death in 3 cats and a marked improvement in hemodynamics similar to that observed after iv administration of 7.5% NaCl solution in 2 cats. The duration of the beneficial hemodynamic effects after iv or intra-aortic administration of 7.5% NaCl solution did not exceed 60 minutes. Results of these studies suggested that either the iv or intra-aortic administration of 7.5% NaCl solution in cats can induce beneficial hemodynamic effects that may be of value in the field resuscitation of hypovolemic patients.
Clinical reference values for serum protein electrophoresis for the llama (Lama glama)
Authors: Mulrooney Donna M. , Johnson Mardine R. , Smith Bradford B. , Zimmerman Gary L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum protein electrophoresis was performed on 71 clinically healthy juvenile and adult llamas (6 juvenile males, 7 juvenile females, 25 adult males, 13 adult females, and 20 pregnant females) to determine normal serum protein concentrations. Values were reported for each of the 5 groups because the groups were not homogeneous in all 8 peaks. Although the values reported here may serve as reference values for adults, they represent only a guideline for the juveniles because of the limited number of animals in each of these groups.
Whole blood platelet aggregation in dogs with liver disease
Authors: Willis Saundra E. , Jackson Marion L. , Meric Susan M. , Rousseaux Colin G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Whole blood platelet aggregation was determined in response to collagen, arachidonic acid, and adenosine diphosphate in 20 dogs with liver disease and in 20 control dogs. Platelet aggregation in response to collagen and arachidonic acid was reduced in dogs with liver disease, compared with control dogs (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in platelet response to adenosine diphosphate between the 2 groups of dogs. Adenosine diphosphate was found not to be a reliable aggregation agent for determination of whole blood platelet aggregation in dogs. Dogs whose platelets did not aggregate in response to collagen and/or arachidonic acid manifested bleeding tendencies that could be attributed to platelet dysfunction.
Twenty-four hour urinary protein loss in healthy cats and the urinary protein-creatinine ratio as an estimate
Authors: Monroe William E. , Davenport Deborah J. , Saunders Geoffrey K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Urinary protein loss was determined in 12 healthy cats. Voided urine was collected and protein quantitated by the Coomassie blue method. Mean protein loss for all cats was 12.65 mg/kg/24 h (5.45 sd). Protein loss for male cats (n = 6) was 16.62 mg/kg/24 h (3.3 sd), which was significantly different (P < 0.01) from 8.69 mg/kg/24 h (4.09 sd) for females (n = 6). A single urine protein-creatinine ratio correlated well with the total urinary protein loss in mg/kg/24 h. The correlation coefficient for the protein- creatinine ratio in voided urine (upcv) vs 24-hour urinary protein (up-24) loss was 0.968, and that for the protein- creatinine ratio in urine obtained by cystocentesis (UPCC) vs up-24 was 0.945. The regression equations were upcv = 0.02145 + 0.02338 × up-24 (mg/kg), and UPCC = 0.02667 + 0.02133 × up-24 (mg/kg). Using the mean value plus 3 sd of urinary protein loss from the healthy cats in this study, a healthy cat would be expected to have a urinary protein loss of < 29 mg/kg/24 h. A protein- creatinine ratio from a single urine sample provides an accurate estimate of urinary protein loss in healthy cats.
Evaluation of antithrombin-III activity as a coindicator of disseminated intravascular coagulation in cats with induced feline infectious peritonitis virus infection
Authors: Boudreaux M. K. , Weiss R. C. , Cox N. , Spano J. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six adult specific-pathogen-free cats were inoculated intraperitoneally with a cell culture-adapted strain of feline infectious peritonitis virus. Plasma samples were evaluated for antithrombin-III (at-III) activities at postinoculation days (pid) 0, 4, and 11 and at termination on pid 16 (1 cat) or 21 (5 cats). Other hemostatic values evaluated were activated partial thromboplastin times, pro-thrombin times, thrombin times, fibrinogen, platelet counts, and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products.
Antithrombin-III activity remained within normal or above normal range (89 to 246%) in all cats, with the exception of one cat on pid 4 (at-III, 70%). Mean baseline at-III activity for 6 cats at pid 0 was 123%. Mean at-III activity on pid 4, 11, and 16 or 21 was 98, 162, and 130%, respectively. On pid 4 and 16 or 21, results of coagulation screening tests indicated that all cats had disseminated intravascular coagulation. Histologically, cats also had severe fibrinonecrotizing thrombovasculitis.
Immunohistologic study of pulmonary and lymphatic tissues from gnotobiotic pigs inoculated with ara-T-resistant strain of pseudorabies virus
Authors: Narita Minoru , Imada Tadao , Haritani Makoto , Kawamura Hitoshi 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ara-T-resistant strain of pseudorabies virus (prv) was inoculated intranasally into six 2-week -old gnotobiotic pigs. Five inoculated pigs were sneezing and coughing. In pigs 1 to 4 killed on postinoculation days (pid) 3, 5, 7, and 9, respectively, prv antigen was detected in respiratory epithelial cells, and pigs had severe pneumonitis. In pigs 5 and 6 killed on pid 11 and 13, respectively,prv antigen was localized in macrophages in alveoli and necrotizing nodules. Immunoglobulin-containing cells (IgG, IgM and IgA) were detected first in pneumonic lesions in pig 4 killed on pid 9. Detection of immunoglobulin-containing cells was coincident with pulmonary inflammation and regeneration of pneumonic lesions. The number of IgG containing cells was greater than that of IgM- and IgA containing cells. Corresponding to transient viral multiplication, IgG-, IgM-, and IgA-containing cells were demonstrated first inlymphatic tissues in pig 1 killed on pid and their number was 5 to 10 times more than those in control pigs 7 and 8. Seemingly, prv replication in lymphatic tissues stimulated the proliferative response specific immunoglobulin-producing cells, and the appearance of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the lungs was associated with clearance of prv and regeneration of pneumonic lesions.
A new bacteriophage of Corynebacterium glutamicum isolated from swine waste
Authors: Bourque Denis , Bisaillon Jean-Guy , Ackermann Hans-W. , Berthiaume Laurent , Alain Robert , Beaudet Réjean 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A bacteriophage for Corynebacterium glutamicum strain LP-6 was isolated from swine waste. It belongs to the Siphoviridae family or Bradley morphologic group B, has a narrow host range, and is sensitive to chloroform and resistant to carbon tetrachloride. The phage is unstable (96% inactivation) in swine waste stored for 4 months at 22 C. The dna has a molecular weight of approximately 20 Md, cohesive ends, and numerous restriction endonuclease sites. The phage differs from other known C glutamicum phages.
Transformation of Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae and analysis of R factors by electroporation
Authors: Lalonde Guy , Miller Jeff F. , Tompkins Lucy S. , O'Hanley Peter 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An efficient method for dna transfer is essential for the genetic manipulation of any organism. Such a capacity will be required for the genetic analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae as a swine pathogen, as well as for its manipulation for vaccination purposes. For this reason, the use of electroporation as a means of plasmid dna introduction into this species was examined. The multiply: antibiotic-resistant strain 80-8141 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae harbors 3 plasmids: pYGlO, pYG15, and pYG12 of 5.0, 2.7, and 2.5 kb, respectively. Electroporation of A pleuropneumoniae strain 4074 with a plasmid extract of strain 80-8141 showed that pYGlO encodes chloramphenicol resistance and that pYG12 encodes ampicillin resistance. Electrical pulse conditions for efficient electroporation of strain 4074 were examined by use of pYGlO dna isolated from a 4074 transformant. Efficiency, expressed as transformants per microgram of plasmid dna, increased directly with pulse amplitude. However, high efficiencies were only observed in a narrow window of pulse duration (T = 12 to 22 ms at 6.25 kV/cm). Longer pulse durations resulted in cell death. Electroporation efficiencies increased with cell density. Yield of transformants increased directly with dna concentration. Results indicate that electroporation can be used to efficiently transform A pleuropneumoniae and that pYGlO and pYG12 are suitable plasmid vectors for use in the genetic manipulation of this organism.
Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae is a prominent cause of respiratory infections in swine.1 Clinical isolates of A pleuropneumoniae have been reported to be resistant to tetracycline, triple sulfonamides, ampicillin, and streptomycin.2,3 There has been particular concern over the increasing incidence of resistance to chloramphenicol, which may be related to the extensive use of this antibiotic for treatment of swine pleuropneumonia. In 1980, 95% of the strains of A pleuropneumoniae isolated from the St-Hyacinthe region of Quebec, Canada, were found to be sensitive to chloramphenicol; whereas in 1982, only 57% of surveyed strains were still sensitive to this antibiotic.4
Resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulfadiazine in A pleuropneumoniae strains has been shown to be plasmid-mediated.5 6 The purpose of the study reported here was to use electroporation to analyze plasmids carried by a multiply antibiotic-resistant clinical isolate of A pleuropneumoniae. Electroporation involves the use of brief high-voltage electrical discharges to induce reversible permeability in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic membranes.7-9 Using a 5.0-kb A pleuropneumoniae plasmid encoding resistance to chloramphenicol, we have optimized electroporation as a means to transform this species. Conditions permitting an efficiency of over 10® transformants (Tfs)/μg of plasmid dna are described.
Experimental rotavirus infection in three-week-old pigs
Authors: Shaw Daniel P. , Morehouse Lawrence G. , Solorzano Robert F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirteen 3-week-old pigs that had been allowed to nurse for the first 16 to 18 hours after birth were orally inoculated with 1 × 106.5 tcid50 of porcine rotavirus. All developed diarrhea, anorexia, and vomiting by postinoculation (PI) hour 30. These signs had abated by Pl day 6. Villus blunting in the small intestine was most severe in the jejunum and ileum of pigs euthanatized between pi days 3 and 5. Villi had returned to nearly normal length by PI day 6, although fused villi were seen in a few locations in the distal portion of the jejunum and in the ileum. Virus was detected in the feces of inoculated pigs by isolation in cell cultures and by electron microscopy during the 7-day course of the experiment. There was 1 extraintestinal virus isolation from the lung of 1 pig at PI day 2. Infection and disease developed in the presence of serum-neutralizing antibody obtained by nursing seropositive sows. There was no significant change in neutralizing antibody titers in the 3-week-old pigs over the course of the experiment. In this experimental work, a model to study rotavirus infection in 3-week-old pigs has been developed.
Lectin binding to small intestinal goblet cells of newborn, suckling, and weaned pigs
Authors: Jaeger L. A. , Lamar C. H. , Turek J. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lectin binding of small intestinal goblet cells was examined in newborn, suckling, and weaned pigs. Sections of duodenum, proximal portion of the jejunum, distal portion of the jejunum, and ileum were embedded in a hydrophilic acrylic resin and treated with each of the following lectins: Canavalia ensiformis, Ricinus communis I, Glycine max, Ulex europaeus I, and Triticum vulgaris. Percentages of goblet cells binding each lectin were calculated within intestinal regions. Differences in lectin- binding affinity were detected among pigs of various ages and among various intestinal regions within pig age groups.
Effect of vaccination with a pentavalent leptospiral vaccine containing Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis on type hardjo-bovis infection of cattle
Authors: Bolin Carole A. , Zuerner Richard L. , Trueba Gabriel 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effectiveness of 2 pentavalent leptospiral vaccines containing Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was evaluated for protection of steers from infection with serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis. The hardjo component of 1 vaccine was prepared from serovar hardjo type hardjoprajitno. The hardjo component of the other vaccine was prepared from serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis. Two steers were vaccinated once and 4 steers were vaccinated twice with the pentavalent vaccine containing type hardjoprajitno. Four steers were vaccinated once and 4 steers were vaccinated twice with the pentavalent vaccine containing type hardjo-bovis. Four steers were maintained as nonvaccinated controls. Steers given vaccine containing type hardjo-bovis developed higher mean serum microscopic agglutination titers against serovar hardjo than steers given vaccine containing hardjoprajitno. Six months after the first vaccination, all steers were challenge-exposed on 3 occasions by conjunctival instillation of 107 serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis organisms, and on 1 occasion by conjunctival instillation of urine from a steer shedding hardjo-bovis. All control and all vaccinated steers became infected and shed serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis in the urine. Lesions were detected in kidneys of 3 of 4 nonvaccinated control steers, 5 of 6 steers given hardjoprajitno vaccine, and 6 of 8 steers given hardjo-bovis vaccine. Leptospires were detected in kidneys of 4 of 4 control steers and 13 of 14 vaccinated steers.
Comparison of the effect of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan, corticosteroids, and sodium hyaluronate in the potentiation of a subinfective dose of Staphylococcus aureus in the midcarpal joint of horses
Authors: Gustafson Scott B. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Jones Robert L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four groups of 8 horses each had 1 midcarpal joint injected with 33 colony-forming units (cfu) of viable Staphylococcus aureus plus: 1 ml of saline solution (group 1, control), 250 mg of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (psgag, group 2), 100 mg of methylprednisolone acetate (group 3), or 20 mg of sodium hyaulronate (group 4). Horses were euthanatized, and samples were obtained on the basis of clinical signs of septic arthritis that were nonresponsive to phenylbutazone administration. One group-1 horse, all 8 group-2 horses, 3 group-3 horses, and 4 group-4 horses were culture-positive for S aureus and had clinical signs, results of synovial fluid analysis, and histopathologic findings that were consistent with sepsis. The addition of 250 mg of psgag increased the development of sepsis significantly (P = 0.001), compared with results in control horses. Differences in the development of sepsis between horses injected with methylprednisolone acetate or sodium hyaluronate and control horses were not significant.