bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Clinical Recording of Static and Dynamic Intra‐Arterial Blood Pressure
Authors: Magnæs B. , Nornes H. 
Published: December 2008

A clinical setup and procedure for long‐term bedside recording of static and dynamic intra‐arterial blood pressure is described. The setup is based on a two‐part transducer with disposable fluid chamber. Only equipment with safely locked connections was used. Intra‐arterial blood pressure was continuously recorded in 48 patients with a recording time up to 16 days and a mean recording time of 5.4 days. There was no complication to the protracted arterial cannulation. The dynamic performance of the complete measuring system, examined by the step response test in 23 patients, was remarkably stable and sufficient for analysis of the arterial pulse wave. A proper arrangement for continuous flushing of the hydraulic system was found of importance in preventing arterial complications and in achieving and maintaining maximal frequency response. The significance of adding heparin to the flush solution is discussed.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird das Gerät und die klinische Anwendung einer bettseitigen Langzeitregistrierung von statischem und dynamischem Blutdruck beschrieben. Das Gerät basiert auf einem zweiteiligen Druckmesser mit wegwerfbarer Flüssigkeitskammer. Es wurde nur ein Gerät mit Sicherheitsverschlüssen verwendet. Der intraarterielle Blutdruck wurde bei 48 Patienten kontinuierlich registriert und zwar bis zu einem Maximum von 16 Tagen, im Durchschnitt 5,4 Tage. Die Langzeitkatheterisation der Arterie war komplikationslos. Wie der bei 23 Patienten angewandte Stufen‐Antwort‐Test zeigte, blieb die dynamische Funktion des gesamten Meßsystems bemerkenswert stabil und erlaubte eine ausreichende Analyse der arteriellen Pulswelle. Wichtig zur Verhütung arterieller Komplikationen und zur Erzielung und Erhaltung maximaler Frequenzantworten war das sorgfältige kontinuierliche Durchspülen des hydraulischen Systems. Die Bedeutung des Heparinzusatzes zur Spülflüssigkeit wird in diesem Zusammenhang diskutiert.
Acidosis and Neuromuscular Blockade
Authors: Crul‐Sluijter E. J. , Crul J. F. 
Published: December 2008

The effect of different types of acidosis on sensitivity to neuromuscular blocking agents was studied in vivo on the tibialis muscle of cats and in vitro in the phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation of the rat. In vivo metabolic acidification was caused by diffusion of weak organic acids, which penetrate easily into the cell and imitate closely the state of metabolic acidosis in man. Respiratory acidosis was caused by inhalation of 10% carbon dioxide in oxygen. In the in vitro experiments, acidification was caused by titration with the same acids as well as hydrochloric acid. pH was lowered to levels just above 7.0. Blank in vivo studies showed that the metabolic acidosis by itself causes no significant depression of indirect muscle contraction, while respiratory acidosis causes only a slight depression. A minor depression was seen in the blank in vitro metabolic acidosis studies.Both succinylcholine and decamethonium blocks are strongly antagonised in vivo and in vitro by metabolic and respiratory acidosis. Pancuronium bromide block was potentiated by metabolic and respiratory acidosis both in the in vivo and in vitro experiments. It is most likely that changes in transmembrane potential are the cause for the changes in sensitivity seen in these experiments.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Einfluss verschiedener Arten von Azidose auf die Empfindlichkeit für muskelerschlaffende Mittel wurde mit Hilfe von in vivo Experimenten auf den Tibialis‐Muskel der Katze und in vitro Experimenten auf das Phrenicus‐diaphragma‐Präparat der Ratte untersucht.Die metabole Azidose wurde in vivo durch schwache organische Säure hervorgerufen, welche schnell in die Zelle hineintreten und der metabolen Azidose beim Mensch am nächsten stehen. Respiratorische Azidose wurde durch Inhalation von 10% Kohlensäure im Sauerstoff hervorgerufen.In den in vitro Experimenten wurde die Azidose durch Titration der Spülflüssigkeit mit den selben Säuren und mit Salzsäure hervorgerufen. Das pH wurde bis gerade oberhalb 7.0 herabgedrückt.Blanke in vivo Experimente zeigten, dass die metabole Azidose selbst keine signifikante Erniedrigung der indirekten Muskelkontraktion ergibt und respiratorische Azidose nur eine leichte. Auch in den in vitro Experimenten wurde eine leichte Depression durch die metabole Azidose festgestellt.Die Muskelerlahmung durch Succinylcholine und Decamethonium wurde durch metabole und respiratorische Azidose in vitro und in vivo stärkstens antagonisiert. Muskelerschlaffung durch Pancuronium wurde aber durch metabole und respiratorische Azidose in gleiche Weise in den in vitro und in vivo Experimenten potenziert. Die Änderungen des Ruhepotentials der Zellmembrane werden als verantwortlich für die Empfindlichkeitsveränderungen angesehen.
Molecular basis of the Rh antigen RH48 (JAL)
Authors: Hustinx H. , Poole J. , Bugert P. , Gowland P. , Still F. , Fontana S. , Scharberg E. A. , Tilley L. , Daniels G. , Niederhauser C. 
Published: December 2008

Background and Objectives  RH48 (JAL) is a low‐incidence Rh antigen of unknown molecular background associated with weakened expression of RhCE antigens. The objective of this study was to establish the molecular basis of JAL.Materials and Methods  Seventeen JAL+ samples, from seven black (one of them a Brazilian of mixed race: black/Caucasian), nine European Caucasians and one Asian individuals, were typed with anti‐D, ‐C, ‐c, ‐E and ‐e. Some samples were also tested for V/VS and ce (f). Titration studies and flow cytometry were used to analyse the expression of the JAL antigen and genomic DNA sequencing of all RHCE exons was conducted on all samples. Routine genotyping for RHCE was carried out on all samples. Screening of RHD exons 1–10, which included detection of the DAU allele, was carried out on all except one of the black samples. The Caucasian samples and remaining black sample were screened for the DAU mutation 1136C>T (T379M).Results  Six black individuals had the Dce haplotype with RHCE mutations 340C>T (R114W) and 733C>G (L245V) [V/VS] and the RHD mutation T379M [DAU]. One mixed race individual had the Dce haplotype with the RHCE mutation 340C>T (R114W) but without the V/VS or DAU mutation. Eight Caucasians had the DCe haplotype with the 340C>T mutation. One Caucasian and one Asian had the Dce haplotype with a different mutation in an adjacent nucleotide, 341G>A (R114Q). All Caucasian individuals were negative for the DAU mutation 1136C>T (T379M). Previously described weakness of CE‐related Rh antigens when present in single dose on JAL+ samples of DCe and Dce haplotypes was observed. Weak expression of V/VS was observed in the three black samples tested and weakness of JAL was observed in the black samples compared to the Caucasian samples.Conclusion  The same mutation (340C>T, R114W) in two different haplotypes (DCe and Dce) and another mutation (341G>A, R114Q) in one of these haplotypes (Dce) are associated with expression of the JAL antigen. One of the RHCE mutations detected in our samples (340C>T) has been previously described but not in association with the JAL antigen. Our results indicate that the previously described RhCeMA and ces(340) alleles encode the JAL antigen. Expression of V/VS antigen is weakened in the presence of JAL and expression of JAL is usually weaker when associated with the Dce haplotype compared to DCe.
Female‐biased mass trapping vs. bait application techniques against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Dipt., Tephritidae)
Authors: Leza M. M. , Juan A. , Capllonch M. , Alemany A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo develop new population control methods for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, a study comparing bait application techniques (BAT) with a female‐biased mass trapping strategy was carried out in seven citrus orchards in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). In the BAT treatment, fenthion, lambda‐cyhalothrin and spinosad were applied separately in three of the orchards. In the other three, the mass trapping strategy (Probodelt traps baited with Biolure©) was adopted at a density of 50 traps/ha, reinforced when necessary with the same insecticide bait application (MTR). The seventh orchard was organically farmed and only mass trapping was used for control, but with a higher trap density (80 traps/ha). For pest monitoring, 2 traps/ha baited with Biolure© (for females and males) and 2 traps/ha baited with trimedlure (for males only) per orchard were inspected weekly. The most effective treatment was the MTR (with fenthion) programme, reducing the C. capitata female population by up to 68% [an average of 3.9 females/trap/day (f/t/d) were obtained vs. 12.6 f/t/d from BAT]. However, the lowest average C. capitata population (between the MTR programmes) was obtained by mass trapping supplemented with lambda‐cyhalothrin (only 3.3 f/t/d). When only BAT was applied, applications with lambda‐cyhalothrin proved to be the most effective (7.1 f/t/d). However, MTR carried out in the organic orchard resulted in the lowest female captures (2.0 f/t/d). Very little fruit damage was recorded in the treatment orchards. In all BAT treatments, the relative number of males and females was similar; however, in the MTR treatments fewer females than males were recorded in the same orchard.
Seasonality in the occurrence of the Mediterranean fruit fly [Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)] in the north‐east of Spain
Authors: Escudero‐Colomar L. A. , Vilajeliu M. , Batllori L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSince the turn of the century, the populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) [Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)] (Dipt., Tephritidae) has steadily increase in the orchards of the Girona Province in the north‐east of Spain, a change which has brought with it considerable damage to fruit grown in that area. In a survey set up to detect the population dynamics of this insect, a large number of Maxitrap® traps containing food‐based lures were hung strategically in peach (224, 208 and 210 traps in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively), Gala apple (154 traps in 2007) and Fuji apple orchards (97 traps in 2007) in the two main areas where these fruit trees were grown. The results showed a seasonal variation in the population dynamics of the medfly with a peak in September–October, and with adult activity ending in December or January, independently of the kind of host studied. The results take into account the climatic conditions prevailing in each year.
Organophosphosphate resistance‐related mutations in the acetylcholinesterase gene of Tephritidae
Authors: Kakani E. G. , Mathiopoulos K. D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTephritid insects comprise one of the most devastating families of insect pests worldwide. Organophosphate insecticides have been extensively used for their control during the last 40 years. Inevitably, this has led to the development of resistance. Acetylcholinesterase is the principal target of organophosphates (OP) and, consequently, its gene is the most likely locus where resistance mutations appear. In this review, OP resistance‐associated mutations in Tephritidae are described. Apart from the mutations that lie in the catalytic centre of the enzyme, those that lie at the C‐terminal of the protein are of particular interest as they indicate a possible new mechanism of resistance. Nonetheless, the number of resistance‐associated mutations in the catalytic centre of the Tephritidae ace gene is low, a fact that could be attributed to the fitness cost that any other mutations may have.
Effects of Maternal Undernutrition on the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal Axis Function in Female Sheep Offspring
Authors: Kotsampasi B , Chadio S , Papadomichelakis G , Deligeorgis S , Kalogiannis D , Menegatos I , Zervas G 
Published: December 2008

ContentsA study was conducted to evaluate the effects of maternal undernutrition on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in female sheep offspring. Pregnant ewes were fed to 100% throughout pregnancy (Control) or to 50% from 0 to 30 (R1) or from 31 to 100 days of gestation (R2). Female lambs were selected and fed to appetite throughout the study. At 2, 5.5 and 10 months of age a GnRH challenge was conducted. At the age of 10 months lambs were synchronized and blood samples were collected at 3 h intervals for 72 h following sponge removal. At slaughter (10 months) ovaries were removed and examined macroscopically. Maternal undernutrition did not affect the time of the onset of puberty, defined as the first increase in plasma progesterone concentrations ≥1 ng/ml. The magnitude of the pre‐ovulatory gonadotrophin surge and the time to surge were unaffected by treatment. The LH and FSH response to GnRH challenge did not differ between groups at 2 and 5.5 months but at 10 months of age a higher (p < 0.05) FSH response was found in R1 group. Although the total number of visible follicles and corpora lutea did not differ between groups, a significant higher (p < 0.05) number of small (2–3 mm diameter) follicles in R1 group and a significant lower number (p < 0.05) of corpora lutea with diameter 8–11 mm and not even one with diameter >12 mm were detected in the ovaries of R2 lambs. In conclusion, maternal undernutrition during the first month of pregnancy resulted in increased pituitary sensitivity to GnRH and increased number of small follicles in the ovary, while during mid to late gestation resulted in a reduction of large corpora lutea in female offspring.
Spermatozoa Characteristics in Six Psittacine Species Using Light Microscopy
Authors: Stelzer G , Schmidt V , Sobiraj A , Krautwald‐Junghanns M‐E 
Published: December 2008

ContentsEven though breeding of companion birds has increased continuously for years, the fecundity assessment of birds has hardly been acknowledged. Knowledge of the structure of spermatozoa is crucial for evaluation of the basic reproductive biology of any species as well as for phylogenetic research and cladistic analyses of internal relationships. Spermatozoa of six different psittacine species (Nymphicus hollandicus, Myiopsitta monachus, Agapornis roseicollis, Melopsittacus undulatus, Tanygnathus lucionensis, Guarouba guarouba) were examined using light microscopy. Head length (nucleus including acrosome), head width, midpiece length and tail length were measured and documented. Significant differences were obvious among almost all of the species for almost all four parameters. However, in all the six species a significant moderate correlation between spermatozoa midpiece lengths and tail lengths (r = 0.535, p ≤ 0.01), spermatozoa head lengths and midpiece lengths (r = 0.508, p ≤ 0.01) as well as tail lengths (r = 0.472, p ≤ 0.01) was found. The present results confirm that spermatozoa of cockatiels have shorter heads and midpieces than the other psittacines examined in this study. Spermatozoa characteristics in the monk parakeet, blue‐naped parrrot and golden conure are previously unreleased and documented for the first time.
Consequences of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition During Bovine Oocyte Maturation on Meiosis and Embryo Development
Authors: Schwarz KRL , Pires PRL , De Bem THC , Adona PR , Leal CLV 
Published: December 2008

ContentsThe importance of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in bovine oocyte maturation was investigated. Oocytes werein vitromatured with the NOS inhibitor Nw‐l‐nitro‐arginine methyl‐ester (10−7, 10−5and 10−3 m l‐NAME) and metaphase II (MII) rates and embryo development and quality were assessed. The effect ofl‐NAME (10−7 m) during pre‐maturation and/or maturation on embryo development and quality was also assessed.l‐NAME decreased MII rates (78–82%, p < 0.05) when compared with controls withoutl‐NAME (96%). Cleavage (77–88%, p > 0.05), Day 7 blastocyst rates (34–42%, p > 0.05) and total cell numbers in blastocysts were similar for all groups (146–171 cells, p > 0.05). Day 8 blastocyst TUNEL positive cells (3–4 cells) increased withl‐NAME treatment (p < 0.05). For oocytes cultured withl‐NAME during pre‐maturation and/or maturation, Day 8 blastocyst development (26–34%) and Day 9 hatching rates (15–22%) were similar (p > 0.05) to controls pre‐matured and matured without NOS inhibition (33 and 18%, respectively), while total cell numbers (Day 9 hatched blastocysts) increased (264–324 cells, p < 0.05) when compared with the controls (191 cells). TUNEL positive cells increased when NOS was inhibited only during the maturation period (8 cells, p < 0.05) when compared with the other groups (3–4 cells). NO may be involved in meiosis progression to MII and its deficiency during maturation increases apoptosis in embryos producedin vitro. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition during pre‐maturation and/or maturation affects embryo quality.
Effect of Luteinizing Hormone and Tumour Necrosis Factor‐Alpha on VEGF Secretion by Cultured Porcine Endometrial Stromal Cells
Authors: Kaczmarek MM , Blitek A , Schams D , Ziecik AJ 
Published: December 2008

ContentsTo cope with rising demands for increased blood supply during pregnancy, the vasculature of the uterus undergoes several adaptive changes, including increased permeability, angiogenesis and vasodilatation. Although it is clear that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a paramount role in achieving these adaptations, little is known about regulation of VEGF expression in endometrium during pregnancy. Thus, we have investigated whether luteinizing hormone (LH) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) may affect VEGF secretion by stromal cells during early pregnancy in pigs. Real‐time reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) of VEGF120 and VEGF164 gene expression revealed significantly higher levels of VEGF164 mRNA in cultured stromal cells (p < 0.0001). The LH‐stimulated secretion of VEGF was detected after 24 and 48 h of treatment when doses 50 and 100 ng/ml were used (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The TNFα‐induced secretion of VEGF by stromal cells was detected only after 24‐h treatment with the highest dose used in the experiment (50 ng/ml; p < 0.05). Although the influence of LH on VEGF secretion was more visible compared with TNFα, both factors may be considered as potential modulators of adaptive changes in uterine vasculature occurring during pregnancy in the pig.
CALCITONIN GENE‐RELATED PEPTIDE MEDIATES THE CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF RUTAECARPINE AGAINST ISCHAEMIA–REPERFUSION INJURY IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Li Dai , Zhang Xiao‐Jie , Chen Lei , Yang Zhichun , Deng Han‐Wu , Peng June , Li Yuan‐Jian 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYIt has been shown that calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) plays an important role in mediating the cardioprotection exerted by rutaecarpine in normal animals. The aim of the present study was to determine whether rutaecarpine is able to decrease the susceptibility of hypertensive animals to ischaemia–reperfusion injury by stimulating CGRP release.Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were pretreated with rutaecarpine (20 or 40 mg/kg per day, i.g.) for 18 days and then the heart and thoracic aorta were isolated for cardiac function and vascular relaxation analysis. Blood samples and coronary effluent were collected to measure CGRP levels and creatine kinase activity, respectively. The effect of 10 or 30 µmol/L rutaecarpine on CGRP release was also examined in isolated aortic rings set up in a homeothermal organ bath.Rutaecarpine treatment resulted in a hypotensive effect in SHR concomitant with increases in plasma CGRP levels. In addition, rutaecarpine significantly stimulated the release of CGRP from aortic rings. Twenty minutes ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion resulted in a marked decrease in myocardial function and a significant increase in the release of creatine kinase in normal control (Wistar‐Kyoto) rats, an effect that was exacerbated in SHR. Similarly, the decreased vasodilator response to acetylcholine (3 ↔ 10−9to 10−6 mol/L) in isolated aortic rings from Wistar‐Kyoto rats was also aggravated in SHR. Both cardiac function and vasodilator responses were significantly improved in SHR after pretreatment with rutaecarpine.The results of the present study suggest that the increased cardiac susceptibility to ischaemia–reperfusion injury in SHR is related to decreased plasma CGRP levels and that antihypertensive therapy with rutaecarpine reverses cardiac susceptibility to reperfusion injury by stimulating CGRP release.
Glomerulonephritis and Pneumonitis AN AUTOPSY CASE OF PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION*
Authors: Fujimoto Teruo 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYAn autopsy case of pneumococcal subacute infection of a 19 month old young girl is presented. This case was characterized by diffuse glomerulonephritis as well as diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. The problem as to whether nephritis and pneumonitis are part of systemic capillary or angiomesenchymal tissue reactions due to bacterial infection has been discussed. Not only the causal and formal genesis of the characteristic organ inflammations but also the similarity of the tissue reactions in both organs have been considered.
AN AuTOPSY CASE OF “FAMILIAL CARDIOMEGALY”
Authors: Masugi Yozo , Suzuki Tsunemichi , Oami Hiroshi , Ito Shun 
Published: December 2008

SummaryAn autopsy case of a 27 year old male with gigantic heart of unknown etiology and with evidence of familial occurrence, which might be classified to “familial cardiomegaly” (EVANS) was reported.
INHIBITION OF SPERMATOGENESIS AND ATROPHY OF THE TESTIS CAUSED BY NITROFURAN COMPOUNDS
Authors: Miyaji Torn , Miyamoto Makoto , Ueda Yoshikyo 
Published: December 2008

Summary1. Cytotoxic effects on the testis of 5‐nitro‐2‐furaldehyde acetylhydrazone, 5‐(5‐nitro‐2‐furyl)‐l, 3, 4‐oxadiazoIine‐2‐one, N‐(5‐nitro‐2‐furfurylidene)‐3‐aminooxazoline‐2‐one and N‐(5‐nitro‐2‐furfurylidone)‐3‐amino‐5‐morpholinomethyloxazoline‐2‐one were described.2. Similar activity of nitrofurazone was confirmed.3. Atrophy and degeneration of the seminiferous tubules of rats caused by oral administration of these compounds were noted within a week.4. A common molecular arrangement ‐C=N‐N‐C‐ attached to the 2‐position of furan ring among these effective compounds was noted.
HISTOPLASMOSIS OF THE KIDNY A CASE REPORT FROM IAPAN
Authors: Will D.W. , Hasegawa CM. , Kawauchi T. , Murashima S. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA case is presented of isolated renal histoplasmosis in a Nagasaki woman who died of pulmonary tuberculosis following massive X‐ray therapy for squamous carcinoma of the mouth. No primary pulmonary lesion was identified. While the patient's history includes a 40 year residence in malaysia and a brief internment in New Delhi where a few cases of histoplasmosis have been reported, she had been in Japan for 16 years prior to her death. In view of the presently‐known absence of viability of Histoplasma in old primary foci, it was concluded that the infection was acquired in Japan and represents the first case of H. capsulatum infection reported from Japan.
AN ATTEMPT OF, REMOVAL OF RADIOACTIVE STRONTIUM (85SR) DEPOSITED IN THE BONE BY MEANS OF PARATHYROID HORMONE AND A CHELATING AGENT
Authors: Takeuchi Tadashi , Seki Masatoshi , Takagi Chiyoji , Enomoto Yoshikazu , Matsuo Yuji , Kantake Naoshi , Mashimo Tadashi , Ishimochi Ryoji , Yoneyama Tatsuo 
Published: December 2008

Summary

For the purpose of radioactive strontium removal, parathyroid hormone and citrate as a chelating solution were administered into the rats at appropriate intervals.
Counting the radioactivity of 8sSr in the urine, it became clear that the urinary output of 85Sr increased temporarily with a peak between 24 to 48 houis after PTH injection.
The best effective method, so far obtained, for removal of 85Sr was administration of 200 units of PTH, followed by administration of citrate.
Histologically, parathyroids showed a slight connotation of glandular formation. The bone trabeculae showed moderate thinning. The cause of hyaline casts in the Henle's loops and distal convoluted tubules and that of lymphocytic interstitial nephritis weve discussed in connection with the patho‐physiological roles of PTH.