bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of prone vs supine positioning in fresh rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated with pars plana vitrectomy and gas
Authors: Agarwalla Anushka , Chawla Rohan , Azad Shorya Vardhan , Venkatesh Pradeep , Vohra Rajpal , Kumar Vinod 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To compare Supine versus Prone positioning in fresh rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs) treated with vitrectomy and gas tamponade.

Methods:
This was a prospective randomized controlled trial of 72 eyes with fresh RRD who underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy. 37 eyes were allotted supine position and 35 were allotted prone position. Cases were evaluated for single surgery reattachment rates, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), cataract formation and any complications. The patients were followed up for a period of 3 months.

Results:
Both groups had similar demographics, and no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of extent of retinal detachment, position and number of breaks. The anatomical success after single surgery was 97.3% in Supine group and 94.3% in Prone group (p=0.609). The BCVA at the end of 3 months was 0.44 ± 0.27 in Supine group and 0.35 ± 0.27 in Prone group (p=0.119) with a significant increase in BCVA preoperatively from 0.11 ± 0.22 and 0.13 ± 0.22 in Supine and Prone group respectively (p=<0.001). The IOP in the two groups was comparable at each follow up. The rates of cataract formation were also similar in the two groups - 60% and 53.8% in Supine and Prone group respectively(p=1.00). Complications such as spikes in IOP, epiretinal membrane formation, cystoid macular oedema etc were similar in both groups.

Conclusion:
Rates of retinal reattachment were comparable in both groups, showing that supine position is equally safe and effective for adequate tamponade.
Frequency of Hematologic and Nonhematologic Conditions in Pediatric Patients with Vascular Anomalies: A Pediatric Health Information System Database Study
Authors: Lucas Bryony , Malay Sindhoosha , Pateva Irina 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Vascular anomalies (VA) are a heterogeneous group of diseases which include vascular malformations and vascular tumors. In the pediatric population, there is a sparsity of data on the frequency of associated hematologic and nonhematologic conditions as well as overall outcomes for patients.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to determine the rate of certain concurrent hematologic and nonhematologic conditions in patients with VA who underwent procedures and compare those to patients who did not undergo procedures. To examine the rates of intensive care unit admissions and discharge mortality in patients who had a vascular anomaly.

Methods:
This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from the Pediatric Health Information System. The database was queried for children 0–18 years old with a diagnosis of a VA who had inpatient encounters between January 2016 and September 2021.

Results:
The most common hematologic conditions were thrombocytopenia, iron deficiency anemia, and venous thrombosis. The most common nonhematologic condition was electrolyte imbalances. Intensive care unit admissions were highest among patients with other congenital malformations of the peripheral vascular system, cerebral cavernous malformations, and sporadic arteriovenous malformations. Discharge mortality was highest in patients with lymphatic malformations and primary lymphedema.

Conclusions:
This is the largest database study of pediatric patients with VA and their concurrent medical conditions and outcomes to date. While our study could not prove associations, we hope that our results will serve as a foundation for more extensive research regarding the impact of these identified conditions and outcomes and contribute to improved management of patients with VA.
Combining Spleen Diameter and the Baveno VI Criteria Assessed by 2-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography to Rule Out High-Risk Varices
Authors: Zhang Zhilin , Zhou Huihui , Duan Kunlong , Chen Feifei , Zhang Jun , Sang Lin , Zhu Xiansheng , Yu Ming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) can safely spared screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) when they meet the Baveno VI criteria as assessed by transient elastography. Recently, the cutoff values of the Baveno VI criteria assessed by 2-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) were proposed. We aimed to validate it to rule out high-risk varices (HRVs) in cACLD patients; combine spleen diameter (SPD) with the Baveno VI criteria and assess whether it can spare more screening EGD. A total of 173 cACLD patients with successful liver stiffness (LS) measurements and EGD examinations were included. We analyzed the risk factors that predicted HRVs and compared the performances of different models for ruling out HRVs. The platelet count, LS, and SPD were independent predictors of HRVs. The AUCs of platelet count, LS, spleen stiffness and SPD for diagnosing HRVs were 0.797, 0.757, 0.834, and 0.804, respectively. The Baveno VI criteria assessed by 2D-SWE spared 25.4% of EGD screenings and missed 2.4% of the HRV patients. Combining SPD ≤11.1 cm with the Baveno VI criteria could spare more EGD screenings than just applying the Baveno VI criteria (45.1% vs 25.4%, P < 0.001), and missed 4.9% of the HRV patients. The Baveno VI criteria assessed by 2D-SWE could be safely applied in cACLD patients to rule out HRV patients. The combined model Baveno VI/SPD could safely and significantly increase the rate of spared EGD.
A Patient With Minimally Conscious Syndrome Due to Cerebrovascular Accident Whose Symptoms Resolved With Zolpidem
Authors: Smack Caleb , Johnson Katherine , Meester Noah , Shelton Leah , Singh Namrata 
Published: March 2024

Objective
In this report, we discuss the case of a patient with minimally conscious state (MCS) whose clinical condition significantly improved after Zolpidem therapy. We aim to provide supportive evidence for inclusion of zolpidem trials in patients with MCS.

Methods
Our team used electronic medical records, direct patient care experiences, and literature review to obtain information for this case report.

Results
Twice daily zolpidem therapy led to significant clinical improvement in our patient with MCS. In addition, this improvement was maintained throughout an increasingly arduous medical course.

Conclusions
Minimally conscious state is a disorder with limited proven therapeutic options. Zolpidem administration has demonstrated immense benefit in a select population of patients, including ours. Given the potential for great improvement with limited downside, zolpidem trial presents an intriguing treatment option. Further clarification of prognostic features to stratify responders and nonresponders to therapy is needed.
Asymmetry in synaptic connectivity balances redundancy and reachability in theC. elegansconnectome
Authors: Birari Varun Sanjay , Rabinowitch Ithai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe brain is overall bilaterally symmetrical, but exhibits also considerable asymmetry. While symmetry may endow neural networks with robustness and resilience, asymmetry may enable parallel information processing and functional specialization. How is this functional tradeoff between symmetrical and asymmetrical brain architecture balanced? To address this, we focused on theC. elegansconnectome, which comprises 99 classes of bilaterally symmetrical neuron pairs. We found symmetry in the number of synaptic partners between neuron class members, but pronounced asymmetry in the identity of these synapses. We developed graph theoretical metrics for evaluating Redundancy, the selective reinforcement of specific neural paths by multiple alternative synaptic connections, and Reachability, the extent of synaptic connectivity of each neuron class. We found Redundancy and Reachability to be stochastically tunable by the level of network asymmetry, driving theC. elegansconnectome to favor Redundancy over Reachability. These results elucidate fundamental relations between lateralized neural connectivity and function.
The Zinc Finger proteinSlZFP2 is essential for tomato fruit locular tissue morphogenesis
Authors: Hoang Gabriel , Joana Jorly , Constantinescu Dario , Martin Pascal G P , Gadin Stéphanie , Mauxion Jean-Philippe , Brès Cécile , Garcia Virginie , Gonzalez Nathalie , Rothan Christophe , Bertin Nadia , Fernandez-Lochu Lucie , Lemaire-Chamley Martine 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTIn tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit, the locular tissue (LT) is a unique jelly-like tissue that differentiates from the central axis of the fruit after ovule fertilization. LT is essential for seed development and dispersal by preventing early germination and initiating fruit ripening. In this work, we studied a “gel-less” mutant and identified the underlying mutation in the coding sequence of the C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor (TF)SlZFP2. Histological, cytological and molecular characterization from knockout-CRISPR/Cas9 lines for this gene revealed the strong and early impact ofzfp2mutation on cell cycle and endocycle in LT. Additionally, model-based analysis of cellular data revealed that cell cycle was the main altered process, explaining thezfp2mutant phenotype. Further laser capture microdissection coupled with RNA-Seq analysis of young LT highlighted global expression changes between WT andzfp2mutant and led to a preliminary list of potential direct targets of theSlZFP2 TF. This multifaceted approach not only uncovered a new role forSlZFP2 TF as an essential regulator of LT morphogenesis, but also provides a foundation for future works aimed at deciphering the intricate regulatory networks governing fruit tissue development in tomato.One sentence summaryAlteration of cell division and endoreduplication in agel-lessmutant reveals the role of the transcription factorSlZFP2 in tomato locular tissue morphogenesis
The P600 during sentence reading predicts behavioral and neural markers of recognition memory
Authors: Contier Friederike , Höger Melissa , Rabovsky Milena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe P600 ERP component is elicited by a wide range of anomalies and ambiguities during sentence comprehension and remains important for neurocognitive models of language processing. It has been proposed that the P600 is a more domain-general component, signaling phasic norepinephrine release from the locus coeruleus in response to salient stimuli that require attention and behavioral adaptation. Since such norepinephrine release promotes explicit memory formation, we here investigated whether the P600 during sentence reading (encoding) is thus predictive of such explicit memory formation using a subsequent old/new word recognition task. Indeed, the P600 amplitude during our encoding task was related to behavioral recognition effects in the memory task on a trial-by-trial basis, though only for one type of violation. Recognition performance was better for semantically, but not syntactically violated words that had previously elicited a larger P600. However, the P600 to both types of violations during encoding was positively related to a more subtle, neural marker of recognition, namely the amplitude of the recollection ERP component in response to old words. In sum, we find that the P600 predicts later recognition memory both on the behavioral and neural level. Such explicit memory effects further link the late positivity to norepinephrine activity, suggesting a more domain-general nature of the component. The connection between the P600 and later recognition indicates that the neurocognitive processes that deal with salient and anomalous aspects in the linguistic input in the moment will also be involved in keeping this event available for later recognition.
The acute effects of cocoa flavanols on cognitive control and response inhibition: A randomised crossover trial
Authors: Altınok Ahmet , Moruzzi Monica , Akyürek Elkan G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this pre-registered study, we investigated the effects of acute cocoa flavanol (CF) consumption on cognitive control and response inhibition processes, at two different dosage levels. This study was randomised, placebo-controlled, gender-balanced, double-blind, and utilised a crossover design. Participants consumed three different drinks across three separate sessions: A placebo drink with alkalised cocoa powder, a low dosage (415 mg), and a medium dosage (623 mg) of cocoa flavanols from flavanol-rich cocoa powder. Following the administration of these treatment conditions, participants were tested in the Flanker, Simon, and Go/No-go tasks in a counterbalanced order in each session. We analysed accuracy and response times from incongruent and congruent trials of the Simon and Flanker tasks, and commission errors, omission errors, and response times for the Go/No-go task. In addition to these main measurements, we considered interference and sequence effects, accounting for the influence of previous trials in Simon and Flanker tasks. The acute effects of CF on cognitive control and response inhibition were examined using (Generalised) Linear Mixed Model analysis, which included random intercepts, fixed effects, and random slopes. Analysis results revealed that neither dose of cocoa flavanols consumption acutely improved accuracies, interferences, errors, or response times in these three tasks. Furthermore, neither the gender of participants nor BMI scores predicted their cognitive control and response inhibition functions in addition to the treatment conditions. Our findings suggest that acute consumption of cocoa flavanols does not significantly enhance cognitive control or response inhibition in healthy young adults.
INGEsT: An Open-Source Behavioral Setup for Studying Self-motivated Ingestive Behavior and Learned Operant Behavior
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Xu Binbin , Loomis Cody L. , Anthony Skylar A. , McKie Isaac , Srigiriraju Abhishikta , Bolton McLean , Stern Sarah A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIngestive behavior is driven by negative internal hunger and thirst states, as well as by positive expected rewards. Although the neural substrates underlying feeding and drinking behaviors have been widely investigated, they have primarily been studied in isolation, even though eating can also trigger thirst, and vice versa. Thus, it is still unclear how the brain encodes body states, recalls the memory of food and water reward outcomes, generates feeding/drinking motivation, and triggers ingestive behavior. Here, we developed an INstrument for Gauging Eating and Thirst (INGEsT), a custom-made behavioral chamber which allows for precise measurement of both feeding and drinking by combining a FED3 food dispenser, lickometers for dispensing liquid, a camera for behavioral tracking, LED light for optogenetics, and calcium imaging miniscope. In addition,in vivocalcium imaging, optogenetics, and video recordings are well synchronized with animal behaviors, e.g., nose pokes, pellet retrieval, and water licking, by using a Bpod microprocessor and timestamping behavioral and imaging data. The INGEsT behavioral chamber enables many types of experiments, including free feeding/drinking, operant behavior to obtain food or water, and food/water choice behavior. Here, we tracked activity of insular cortex and mPFC Htr3a neurons using miniscopes and demonstrate that these neurons encode many aspects of ingestive behavior during operant learning and food/water choice and that their activity can be tuned by internal state. Overall, we have built a platform, consisting of both hardware and software, to precisely monitor innate ingestive, and learned operant, behaviors and to investigate the neural correlates of self-motivated and learned feeding/drinking behaviors.
A shifting role of thalamocortical connectivity in the emergence of large-scale functional brain organization during early lifespan
Authors: Park Shinwon , Haak Koen V. , Oldham Stuart , Cho Hanbyul , Byeon Kyoungseob , Park Bo-yong , Thomson Phoebe , Chen Haitao , Gao Wei , Xu Ting , Valk Sofie , Milham Michael P. , Bernhardt Boris , Martino Adriana Di , Hong Seok-Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile cortical patterning has been a perennial research topic in neuroscience, the mechanism for its consequence, namely functional specialization at the macro scale, remains an open question in the human brain. Here, we focused on age-dependent changes of resting-state thalamocortical connectivity to investigate its role in the emergence of large-scale functional networks across infancy, childhood and young adulthood. We found that the thalamocortical connectivity during infancy reflects an early differentiation of sensorimotor networks and genetically-influenced axonal projection. This initial role of the thalamus, however, seems to change during childhood, by establishing connectivity with the salience network and decoupling externally- and internally-oriented functional processes. Developmental simulation and perturbation analyses corroborated these findings, demonstrating the highest contribution of thalamic connectivity, especially in the later age of youth, in the formation of key characteristics of the mature brain, such as functional gradient and cortical hierarchy. Our study highlights a developmentally shifting role of the thalamus in orchestrating complex brain organization and its potential implications for developmental conditions characterized by compromised internal and external processing.
The gamma-butyrolactone receptors ScbR and AtrA form a quorum sensing switch between coelimycin and actinorhodin synthesis inStreptomyces coelicolorA3(2)
Authors: Bednarz Bartosz , Kotowska Magdalena , Wenecki Mateusz , Derkacz Marta , Jastrzemska Adrianna , Ciekot Jarosław , Pawlik Krzysztof J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundQuorum sensing enables gene expression regulation in response to changes in cell population density and controls diverse processes, such as biofilm formation, virulence and antibiotic production, in bacteria. In one of the largest, soil-dominant phylumActinobacteria, cell-to-cell communication occurs through the small, membrane-diffusible signalling molecules gamma-butyrolactones (GBLs). Their actions are exerted through receptor proteins that also act as response regulators in a one-component system manner. With only a few GBL systems characterized, most of them come from the large, antibiotic-producer genusStreptomyces. In the model organismStreptomyces coelicolorA3(2), two GBL receptors, ScbR and SlbR, which are both antibiotic production repressors, have been reported so far.ResultsIn this work, we identified a new GBL receptor protein, the conserved and pleiotropic regulator AtrA, which has an activating mode of action. Moreover, we elucidated the precise mechanism by which it controls the production of the antibiotic actinorhodin through the actinorhodin biosynthetic gene cluster activator ActII-orf4. GBL binding to AtrA prevents its binding to the promoter of theactII-orf4gene, thereby disabling its transcription, while at the same time, GBL binding to ScbR causes coelimycin antibiotic synthesis derepression.ConclusionsThe opposite modes of action of ScbR (repressor) and AtrA (activator) have opposite effects upon GBL binding, activating coelimycin and blocking actinorhodin production at the same time. This phenomenon constitutes an elegant regulatory mechanism that ensures that coelimycin and actinorhodin production are mutually exclusive. These findings also suggest that quorum sensing must be taken into account when designing efficient antibiotic production processes and can be manipulated to ensure both better yield and specificity.
Factors influencing investment into PropTech and FinTech – only new rules or a new game?
Authors: Kassner Andreas Joel 
Published: March 2024

PurposeMany studies have analysed the impact of various variables on the ability of companies to raise capital. While most of these studies are sector-agnostic, literature on the effects of macroeconomic variables on sectors that established over the last 20 years like property technology and financial technology, is scarce. This study aims to identify macroeconomic factors that influence the ability of both sectors and is extended by real estate variables.Design/methodology/approachThe impact of macroeconomic and real estate related factors is analysed using multiple linear regression and quantile regression. The sample covers 338 observations for PropTech and 595 for FinTech across 18 European countries and 5 deal types between 2000–2001 with each observation representing the capital invested per year for each deal type and country.FindingsBesides confirming a significant impact of macroeconomic variables on the amount of capital invested, this study finds that additionally the real estate transaction volume positively impacts PropTech while the real estate yield-bond-gap negatively impacts FinTech.Practical implicationsFor PropTech and FinTech companies and their investors it is critical to understand the dynamic with mac-ro variables and also the real estate industry. The direct connection identified in this paper is critical for a holistic understanding of the effects of measurable real estate variables on capital investments into both sectors.Originality/valueThe analysis fills the gap in the literature between variables affecting investment into firms and effects of the real estate industry on the investment activity into PropTech and FinTech.
GODI India: a kickstart to innovative batteries for electric vehicle
Authors: Ahmad Tasneem , Krishna Vinita 
Published: March 2024

Research methodology
The case is based on the data collected from various secondary sources only.

Case overview/synopsis
Godi India, a lithium-ion cell manufacturing company in India, was working to design e-cell for electric vehicles (EV) which would be compatible with Indian conditions and reduce the cost of battery to the extent possible because e-cell contributes half of the electric vehicle’s price. Godi India was set up in January 2020 by Mahesh Godi. Looking for opportunities in India after having worked in the USA for 17 years, Mahesh found that even with the rise in EV the lithium-ion cell manufacturing in India was almost zero. Using innovation as its main strategy, the start-up started its operation with a team of 30 scientists. The start-up already registered 25 patents under its name with few awaiting. Most of the EV companies relied on Chinese lithium-ion cell. Local lithium-ion cell manufacturing was believed to be the key for EV industry growth in a country. Central government production linked schemes worth INR 18,100 crore were signed by major players like Ola electric, Reliance new energy and Rajesh exports to develop locally manufactured advance cells. The push from the government for locally manufacturing the cells was a major trigger for the rise in the EV industry. The case provides the analysis of the strategies applied by the company to grow in the lithium-ion cell manufacturing industry.

Complexity academic level
This case can be used in strategic management, entrepreneurship and general management courses/modules at the Undergraduate and Postgraduate level.
Preparing for Government
Authors: Boston Jonathan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article reviews a recent report by the Institute for Government on how opposition parties in the United Kingdom should prepare for power. The article comments on the distinctive constitutional context in the UK regarding government transitions, the provisions in The Cabinet Manual on access by opposition parties to the civil service prior to a general election, how opposition parties can make effective use of these access talks, and the specific challenges facing the Labour Party as it prepares for the prospect of a change of government later in 2024. It is argued that the current guidelines in The Cabinet Manual on access talks need clarification on several crucial matters, not least the timing of their commencement during a parliamentary term, which opposition parties should be eligible to participate, and under what conditions.