bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteochemometric analysis of small cyclic peptides' interaction with wild‐type and chimeric melanocortin receptors
Authors: Kontijevskis Aleksejs , Petrovska Ramona , Mutule Ilze , Uhlen Staffan , Komorowski Jan , Prusis Peteris , Wikberg Jarl E. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe melanocortin (MC) system confines unique G‐protein coupled receptor pathways, which include the MC1−5 receptors and their endogenous agonists and antagonists, the MCs and the agouti and agouti‐related proteins. The MC4 receptor is an important target for development of drugs for treatment of obesity and cachexia. While natural MC peptides are selective for the MC1 receptor, some cyclic pentapeptides, such as the HS‐129 peptide, show high selectivity for the MC4 receptor. Here we gained insight into the mechanisms for its recognition by MC receptors. To this end we correlated the interaction data of four HS peptide analogues with four wild‐type and 14 multiple chimeric MC receptors to the binary and physicochemical descriptions of the studied entities by use of partial least squares regression, which resulted in highly valid proteochemometric models. Analysis of the models revealed that the recognition sites of the HS peptides are different from the earlier proteochemometrically mapped linear MSH peptides' recognitions sites, although they overlap partially. The analysis also revealed important amino acids that explain the selectivity of the HS‐129 peptide for the MC4 receptor. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A combinatorial testing strategy for concurrent programs
Authors: Lei Yu , Carver Richard H. , Kacker Raghu , Kung David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOne approach to testing concurrent programs is called reachability testing, which derives test sequences automatically and on‐the‐fly, without constructing a static model. Existing reachability testing algorithms are exhaustive in that they are intended to exercise all possible synchronization sequences of a concurrent program with a given input. In this paper, we present a new testing strategy, calledt‐way reachability testing, that adopts the dynamic framework of reachability testing but selectively exercises a subset of synchronization sequences. The selection of the synchronization sequences is based on a combinatorial testing strategy calledt‐way testing. We present an algorithm that implementst‐way reachability testing, and report the results of several case studies that were conducted to evaluate its effectiveness. The results indicate thatt‐way reachability testing can substantially reduce the number of synchronization sequences exercised during reachability testing while still effectively detecting faults. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic approach for morphological analysis of worn surfaces
Authors: Liskiewicz T. , Mathia T. , Fouvry S. , Neville A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA systematic approach for the analysis of worn surfaces is presented as an analytical tool to deliver information about the current state of the surface. With this approach, not only the quantity but also the quality of the modified surface is revealed, information that is of great importance in cases of surface treatments. The change of bearing ratio is observed with progressive wear, and changes of morphological parameters are related to wear rate. The mechanism of wear particle transfer at the interface is analysed. Prospects for applying this new morphological approach are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ähnlichkeitsgesetz des Spektrums von skalaren Schwankungen für den Trägheits‐Konvektionsbereich k ≫ k0 in homogener isotroper Turbulenz
Authors: Szablewski W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAuf der Grundlage der Formel von Corrsin für den Transfer skalarer Schwankungen, die äquivalent ist dem‐5/3‐Gesetz des skalaren Spektrum,s wird für den Trägheits‐Konvektionsbereich k ≫ k0 (k0 Wellenzahl der großen Wirbel) ein Ähnlichkeitsgesetz des skalaren Spektrums hergeleitet, das die Modellkonstante Reλ enthält und in der Asymptote in das–5/3‐Gesetz von Obuchow‐Corrsin übergeht. Für die empirischen Koeffizienten δ bzw. δθ des–5/3‐Gesetzes des Spektrums der Turbulenzenergie bzw. des Spektrums der skalaren Schwankungen nehmen wir die Relation δθ = (2/3) δ an. Mit dem von Shih‐Chun Lin, Shao‐Chi Lin gemessenem eindimensionalen skalaren Spektrum bei Reλ = 150 zeigt sich gute Übereinstimmung.
Zweiphasen‐Kontinuumstheorie einer Suspension starrer, kugelförmiger Teilchen unter Berücksichtigung der Teilchenrotation. Teil II: Gemittelte Bilanzgleichungen, Vergleich mit ähnlichen Theorien
Authors: Immich H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTeil II enthält die volumengemittelten Bilanzgleichungen einer jeden Phase. Die enge Verwandtschaft der volumengemittelten Bilanzgleichungen mit den entsprechenden Beziehungen für polare Flüssigkeiten wird demonstriert.
Zur Stabilität einer ferromagnetischen Flüssigkeit in einem vertikalen Magnetfeld
Authors: Beyer K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIm Rahmen der Variationsrechnung untersuchen wir die Stabilität einer ferromagnetischen Flüssigkeit in einem äußeren Magnetfeld. Für die zweite Variation der Gesamtenergie im ungestörten Ausgangszustand wird eine Ungleichung vom Gårdingschen Typ hergeleitet, die eine gute Einsicht in den Mechanismus des Stabilitätsverlusts bietet. Für unsere Betrachtungen besonders wichtig ist die Tatsache, daß sich die zweite Variation der Gesamtenergie stets in überschaubarer Weise aus dem Systemzustand berechnen läßt.
A Mixture Theory for Heat Conduction in Laminated Composites
Authors: Murakami H. , Maewal A. , Hegemier G. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn asymptotic method of multiple scales is used to construct a continuum theory with microstructure for heat conduction of a periodically laminated medium. The resulting theory is in the form a homogeneous binary mixture theory with a common microtemperature gradient oriented normal to the interfaces. The model contains three conservation equations which include averaged temperatures of two constituents and microtemperature gradient. Finally, the mixture equations are applied for heat conduction in obliquely laminated half space which is suddenly heated on its free surface, and the effect of lay‐up angle is clarified.
Primitive Variable Finite Element Solutions of Free Convection Flows in Porous Media
Authors: Diersch H.‐J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractZur Simulation zweidimensionaler, stationärer und instationärer, freier Konvektionsströmungen in porösen Medien, hervorgerufen durch Konzentrationsgradienten, wird eine Galerkin‐Finite‐Element‐Methode angewendet. Für das numerische Verfahren dienen Druck, Geschwindigkeiten und Konzentration als abhängige Variable. Eine Beschreibung der iterativen Näherungsmethode wird gegeben. Anhand der Berechnung verschiedener Testbeispiele zeigt sich die Gültigkeit und Genauigkeit des verwendeten Finite‐Element‐Modells.
Eine Runge‐Kutta‐Nyström‐Formel 9‐ter Ordnung mit Schrittweitenkontrolle für Differentialgleichungen x = f(t, x)
Authors: Fehlberg E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEine Runge‐Kutta‐Nyström‐Formel 9‐ter Ordnung für x = f(t, x) mit Schrittweitenkontrolle in × wird aufgestellt. Die vollständigen Bedingungsgleichungen für solch eine Formel werden angegeben. Die Reduktion der Bedingungsgleichungen wird erörtert. Die Berechnung der Koeffizienten der Formel wird erläutert. Die Fehlerterms der Formel werden diskutiert. Die Koeffizienten einer Formel mit kleinen Fehlerterms werden in Bruchform angegeben. Die Anwendung der Formel auf Quadraturprobleme x = f(tx) wird diskutiert. In zwei numerischen Beispielen wird die Formel bezüglich Genauigkeit und Zeitbedarf mit bekannten Formeln 8‐ter und 10‐ter Ordnung verglichen.
Numerische Stabilität von Plattenelementen auf der Grundlage hybrider Deformationsmodelle
Authors: Knothe K. , Herrmann H. , Müller W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBei Plattenberechnungen mit Elementen auf der Grundlage der vereinfachten, hybriden Deformationsmethode, wobei auf die Erfüllung von C1‐Stetigkeitsforderungen verzichtet wird, können numerische Instabilitäten auftreten. Die Ursache dieser Instabilitäten wird untersucht und es werden Abhilfemaßnahmen aufgezeigt.
Micropolar Flow Due to a Rotating Disc with Suction and Injection
Authors: Guram G. S. , Anwar M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe steady, laminar, and incompressible flow of a micropolar fluid due to a rotating disc with uniform suction and injection is considered. The equations of motion are reduced to dimensionless forms which include six dimensionless parameters, and integrated numerically by Gauss‐Seidel iterative procedure and Simpson's rule. Some of the results are presented in the tables and diagrams, for different values of the suction and injection parameters, and compared with the known results for a Newtonian fluid.
Alexander von Middendorff and his expedition to Siberia (1842–1845)
Authors: Tammiksaar Erki , Stone Ian R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAlexander Theodor von Middendorff's name is closely associated with the exploration of Siberia and research on the natural history of the Russian Arctic. Yet it is surprising that, in the extensive literature in Russian and German on the environment of those regions, there are no specific analyses of Middendorff's important contribution to these areas of research. He is barely mentioned in English language studies on the history of exploration and science in Siberia and there are very few accounts of his life and work. The present paper is largely based on a number of newly discovered archival documents and contemporary literary sources and is an attempt to fill this lacuna. In this account, all dates are given according to the new style calendar.
Petroleum discourse in the European Arctic: the Norwegian case
Authors: Jensen Leif Christian 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe article addresses old ‘west-east discourses’ and how they continue to develop in the high north, and, not least, in the Norwegian petroleum debate. Adopting a discourse analytical perspective the author shows how environmental safety is used as an argument in favour of Norway producing oil in the Barents Sea at the earliest possible moment. This is only feasible if a connection is made in the public mind between Russia and the environment. These views, it is argued, stem from ideas about Russia that gained currency after the demise of the Soviet Union. While they perhaps have less to do with Russia's petroleum industry and environmental performance today, they nevertheless have a strong impact on how challenges in the high north and Arctic region are perceived. And, perhaps even more importantly, they define freedom of action and available options. In this paper all references to government departments refer to those of Norway.
Century-old ski found at Mys Triest, Ostrov Champa, Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa, Russia
Authors: Capelotti P.J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA fragment of a ski dating from the late 19th or early 20th century was found at Mys Triest [Cape Trieste] on Ostrov Champa [Champ Island] in the Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa [Franz Josef Land] archipelago in August 2006. The age and location of the ski suggest a connection with the American era of exploration of Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa (1898–1905).
Confirmation of the identity of the wreck of the steamer Chelyuskin
Authors: Barr William 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe two components recovered from a sunken wreck on the bed of the Chukchi Sea in September 2006 have been identified by experts as having come from the Soviet steamer Chelyuskin. They were displayed at an exhibition that opened on 13 February 2007, and was attended by the two surviving members of the complement of Chelyuskin.
Distribution and diversity of phytate-mineralizing bacteria
Authors: Lim Boon Leong , Yeung Pok , Cheng Chiwai , Hill Jane Emily 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Phytate, the most abundant organic phosphorus compound in soil, dominates the biotic phosphorus input from terrestrial runoffs into aquatic systems. Microbial mineralization of phytate by phytases is a key process for recycling phosphorus in the biosphere. Bioinformatic studies were carried out on microbial genomes and environmental metagenomes in the NCBI and the CAMERA databases to determine the distribution of the four known classes of phytase in the microbial world. The β-propeller phytase is the only phytase family that can be found in aquatic environments and it is also distributed in soil and plant bacteria. The β-propeller phytase-like genes can be classified into several subgroups based on their domain structure and the positions of their conserved cysteine residues. Analysis of the genetic contexts of these subgroups showed that β-propeller phytase genes exist either as an independent gene or are closely associated with a TonB-dependent receptor-like gene in operons, suggesting that these two genes are functionally linked and thus may play an important role in the cycles of phosphorus and iron. Our work suggests that β-propeller phytases play a major role in phytate-phosphorus cycling in both soil and aquatic microbial communities.
Symbiont recognition of mutualistic bacteria by Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants
Authors: Zhang Mingzi M , Poulsen Michael , Currie Cameron R 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Symbiont choice has been proposed to play an important role in shaping many symbiotic relationships, including the fungus-growing ant–microbe mutualism. Over millions of years, fungus-growing ants have defended their fungus gardens from specialized parasites with antibiotics produced by an actinomycete bacterial mutualist (genus Pseudonocardia). Despite the potential of being infected by phylogenetically diverse strains of parasites, each ant colony maintains only a single Pseudonocardia symbiont strain, which is primarily vertically transmitted between colonies by the founding queens. In this study, we show that Acromyrmex leaf-cutter ants are able to differentiate between their native actinomycete strain and a variety of foreign strains isolated from sympatric and allopatric Acromyrmex species, in addition to strains originating from other fungus-growing ant genera. The recognition mechanism is sufficiently sensitive for the ants to discriminate between closely related symbiont strains. Our findings suggest that symbiont recognition may play a crucial role in the fungus-growing ant–bacterium mutualism, likely allowing the ants to retain ecological flexibility necessary for defending their garden from diverse parasites and, at the same time, resolve potential conflict that can arise from rearing competing symbiont strains.
Presence of two glycolytic gene clusters in a severe pathogenic line of Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris
Authors: OSHIMA KENRO , KAKIZAWA SHIGEYUKI , ARASHIDA RYO , ISHII YOSHIKO , HOSHI AYAKA , HAYASHI YUKI , KAGIWADA SATOSHI , NAMBA SHIGETOU 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYPhytoplasmas are plant‐pathogenic bacteria that are associated with numerous plant diseases. We have previously reported the complete genomic sequence of Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris, OY strain, OY‐M line, which causes mild symptoms. The phytoplasma genome lacks several important metabolic genes, implying that the consumption of metabolites by phytoplasmas in plants may cause disease symptoms. Here we show that the approximately 30‐kb region including the glycolytic genes was tandemly duplicated in the genome of OY‐W phytoplasma, which causes severe symptoms. Almost duplicated genes became pseudogenes by frameshift and stop‐codon mutations, probably because of their functional redundancy. However, five kinds of genes, including two glycolytic genes, remained full‐length ORFs, suggesting that it is advantageous for the phytoplasma to retain these genes in its lifestyle. In particular, 6‐phosphofructokinase is known as a rate‐limiting enzyme of glycolysis, implying that the different number of glycolytic genes between OY‐W and OY‐M may influence their respective glycolysis activities. We previously reported that the phytoplasma population of OY‐W was higher than that of OY‐M in their infected plants. Taking this result into account, the higher consumption of the carbon source may affect the growth rate of phytoplasmas and also may directly or indirectly cause more severe symptoms.
Multiple idiopathic apical root resorption: a case report
Authors: Moazami F. , Karami B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAim  To report a rare case of multiple idiopathic apical root resorption in an adult male.Summary  A 27‐year‐old male with no history of medical or dental disorders was referred by his family dentist for evaluation of extreme root resorption involving the apical region of most of his teeth. A complete haematological investigation was conducted and all the results were within the normal range. Mobility of the teeth was physiologic and no abnormal periodontal pockets were observed. A diagnosis of multiple idiopathic apical root resorption was made.Key learning points• Apical root resorption of multiple teeth can be related to no specific aetiology and is known as idiopathic apical root resorption.• It is mostly seen in young adult males; maxillary teeth are more frequently involved.• No preventive or therapeutic regimen is known and monitoring accompanied by periodontal maintenance is recommended.
Unexpected persistence on habitat islands: genetic signatures reveal dispersal of a eucalypt‐dependent marsupial through a hostile pine matrix
Authors: TAYLOR ANDREA C. , TYNDALE‐BISCOE HUGH , LINDENMAYER DAVID B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSeveral factors contribute to the extinction of populations in fragmented habitat but key ones include habitat loss and disruptions to connectivity. Aspects of the ecology of greater gliders (Petauroides volans), along with observations of their response to native forest clearance at a site in southeastern Australia, lead to the prediction in the 1960s that the species would not persist in the replacement exotic pine plantation. However, 35 years later, the species was observed in many remnant native vegetation patches retained within the plantation boundary, albeit at a lower occupancy rate than at matched continuous forest control sites. To determine the role of patch connectivity in persistence of P. volans in remnants, we employed 12 microsatellite markers to genotype individuals from 11 remnants, three contemporary nearby continuous native eucalypt forest sites and a sample collected during native vegetation clearance at the site in the 1960s. Patch samples retained substantially more genetic diversity than expected under an isolation model, suggesting that patches have experienced some immigration. Five putative patch immigrants — two from sampled sites 1‐ and 7‐km distant, and three from unresolved or unsampled localities — were identified via genetic parentage and population assignment analyses. Patch populations displayed varying levels of admixture in Bayesian genetic structure analyses, with the oldest and most geographically isolated ones showing the least admixture, suggesting they have experienced relatively little immigration. Evidence of at least some immigration into patches may explain why P. volans has persisted contrary to expectation in heavily fragmented habitat.
Enhancing seed quality and viability by suppressing phospholipase D in Arabidopsis
Authors: Devaiah Shivakumar P. , Pan Xiangqing , Hong Yueyun , Roth Mary , Welti Ruth , Wang Xuemin 
Published: June 2007

SummarySeed aging decreases the quality of seed and grain and results in agricultural and economic losses. Alterations that impair cellular structures and metabolism are implicated in seed deterioration, but the molecular and biochemical bases for seed aging are not well understood. Ablation of the gene for a membrane lipid‐hydrolyzing phospholipase D (PLDα1) in Arabidopsis enhanced seed germination and oil stability after storage or exposure of seeds to adverse conditions. The PLDα1‐deficient seeds exhibited a smaller loss of unsaturated fatty acids and lower accumulation of lipid peroxides than did wild‐type seeds. However, PLDα1‐knockdown seeds were more tolerant of aging than were PLDα1‐knockout seeds. The results demonstrate the PLDα1 plays an important role in seed deterioration and aging in Arabidopsis. A high level of PLDα1 is detrimental to seed quality, and attenuation of PLDα1 expression has the potential to improve oil stability, seed quality and seed longevity.
High‐throughput mapping of cell‐wall polymers within and between plants using novel microarrays
Authors: Moller Isabel , Sørensen Iben , Bernal Adriana J. , Blaukopf Claudia , Lee Kieran , Øbro Jens , Pettolino Filomena , Roberts Alison , Mikkelsen Jørn Dalgaard , Knox J. Paul , Bacic Antony , Willats William G.T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe describe here a methodology that enables the occurrence of cell‐wall glycans to be systematically mapped throughout plants in a semi‐quantitative high‐throughput fashion. The technique (comprehensive microarray polymer profiling, or CoMPP) integrates the sequential extraction of glycans from multiple organs or tissues with the generation of microarrays, which are probed with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or carbohydrate‐binding modules (CBMs) with specificities for cell‐wall components. The profiles generated provide a global snapshot of cell‐wall composition, and also allow comparative analysis of mutant and wild‐type plants, as demonstrated here for the Arabidopsis thaliana mutants fra8, mur1 and mur3. CoMPP was also applied to Physcomitrella patens cell walls and was validated by carbohydrate linkage analysis. These data provide new insights into the structure and functions of plant cell walls, and demonstrate the potential of CoMPP as a component of systems‐based approaches to cell‐wall biology.
Recurrent transfusion‐related acute lung injury after a two‐year interval
Authors: Krochmal J. D. , Dwyre D. M. , Swanson K. M. , Raife T. J. , Schlueter A. J. 
Published: June 2007

summary Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a life‐threatening complication of blood transfusion. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of TRALI are not well established. A Medline literature search shows only rare reports of recurrent TRALI, all occurring soon after the first episodes. We report a case of recurrent TRALI after a 2‐year interval.A patient developed TRALI after transfusion of 4 units of fresh frozen plasma for gastrointestinal bleeding due to oesophageal varices in September 2002. The patient required mechanical ventilation but recovered completely. Two years later, in October 2004, the patient experienced a second episode of TRALI during liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus /alcoholic cirrhosis. Again, the patient recovered after ventilator support.Laboratory investigation of the first TRALI episode (2002) showed antibodies against class II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in three female donors. Laboratory investigation of the second episode (2004) showed anti‐DR52 (HLA class II) antibodies in one female donor matching the DR‐52 HLA class II antigen in the recipient.TRALI can rarely recur. Consideration of future blood needs for patients experiencing recurrent TRALI should include preventive measures against further TRALI reactions, such as blood from male donors or blood less than 14 days old.