bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injuries among judokas during competition
Authors: Green C. M. , Petrou M. J. , Fogarty‐Hover M. L. S. , Rolf C. G. 
Published: May 2006

Aims: To investigate the type and severity of injury sustained during judo competitions, and to investigate any possible correlation between injury rate and gender, grade, weight category and rapid weight loss.Method: Three hundred and ninety‐two judokas (284 males, 108 females) competed in three consecutive competitions. A judoka was “injured” if they requested medical treatment or could not continue. Following injury, a questionnaire was completed. Uninjured judokas were asked to complete a questionnaire at one competition to assess risk factors of injury. Follow‐up was conducted 6 weeks after each competition.Results: Fifty‐three out of 392 judokas (13.5%) (40 males, 13 females) sustained an injury. No difference was found between injury rates among males (41.3/1000 anthlete‐exposures (A‐E's)) and females (40.9/1000 A‐E's), or between judokas of different weight groups or grades. Rapid weight loss of 5% or more of a judoka's body weight placed the athlete at a higher risk of injury (P=0.022). Most injuries affected the upper extremities. Injuries most often resulted from grip fighting, being thrown, or attempting to throw.Conclusions: Judokas are advised not to lose weight before a competition as this increases the risk of injury. Neither grade, nor gender, or weight category are associated with an increase in injury rate.
Female Sexuality and Sexual Dysfunction: Are We Stuck on the Learning Curve?
Authors: Bachmann Gloria 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTIntroductionFemale sexual dysfunctions (FSDs) are very prevalent, multifaceted problems that continue to be under-recognized and undertreated. Improved recognition and management depend on physicians’ inclination and ability to communicate with female patients about their sexual function. Many women hesitate to share sexual complaints due to concerns about physicians’ time constraints or their interest in addressing it. Direct questioning by physicians about sexual function is often critical to patients’ reporting of sexual concerns.AimTo obtain pilot data on physicians’ knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding FSDs, which may help uncover means of facilitating future dialog between physicians and patients.MethodsA self-reply questionnaire was used to survey physicians and other health professionals attending the 2004 annual meetings of four major specialty societies.Main Outcome MeasuresSurvey questions were included on the prevalence of FSDs; dialog on sexual function/activity; obstacles to appropriate evaluation and management of FSDs; effectiveness of current treatment options; and referral patterns.ResultsA total of 1,946 attendees completed the survey. Most respondents (60%) estimated that one- to three-quarters of their patients had FSDs. Low sexual desire was the most prevalent FSD observed. A total of 58% of participants reported initiating the first discussion of FSDs in one-quarter or less of patients. Obstacles to discussing sexual health included limited time and training, embarrassment, and absence of effective treatment options. Approximately 60% of participants rated both their knowledge of and comfort level with FSDs as only fair or poor. Eighty-six percent rated current treatment options as fair or poor.ConclusionHealthcare professionals are aware of the high prevalence of FSDs but infrequently initiate a discussion of sexual function with their female patients or conduct a comprehensive evaluation for FSDs. Additional medical education and training are needed to improve the identification and management of FSDs in women.
Reservoir Repositioning and Successful Thrombectomy for Deep Venous Thrombosis Secondary to Compression of Pelvic Veins by an Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Reservoir
Authors: Brison Daniel , Ilbeigi Pedram , Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We describe a 51-year-old man with a history of radiation therapy and large bowel diversion for rectal cancer who underwent an uneventful penile implant surgery for erectile dysfunction that was refractory to conservative therapy. The patient presented with acute left lower extremity swelling and pain a few days after surgery. Workup revealed compression of the pelvic veins by the prosthesis reservoir.

Aim
To highlight an avoidable, adverse event related to penile prosthesis reservoirs.

Methods
Retrospective review of a clinical case.

Results
The patient underwent repositioning of the reservoir followed by venous thrombectomy and Greenfield filter placement.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an early diagnosis and successful thrombectomy of the external iliac and common femoral vein thrombosis secondary to reservoir compression. Awareness of this possible adverse event and the management strategy are helpful to surgeons who perform penile prosthesis surgery.
The Extent, Distribution, and Fragmentation of Vanishing Montane Cloud Forest in the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico1
Authors: Cayuela Luis , Golicher Duncan J. , Rey‐Benayas Jose María 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTMontane cloud forest (MCF) has high levels of species diversity, contributes positively to the catchment water yield, and is a globally threatened habitat type. The shortage of reliable data regarding the area currently occupied by MCF remains an obstacle to operational conservation planning in Mexico. This paper assesses how much MCF remains in the central Highlands of Chiapas (Mexico) and how fragmented it is in relation to other forest cover. We estimated that the area covered by MCF was between 3700–5250 ha. This estimate contrasted with the approximately 40,000 ha reported for the same region by the Mexican National Forestry inventory in 2000. MCF was highly scattered and fragmented within a matrix of other tropical montane forest types. Other forest types may be partially buffering the remaining MCF habitats, however, mitigating their disturbance and enhancing their connectivity. We conclude that mechanisms should be sought to promote the protection of core areas containing MCF fragments in agreement with communal and private landowners and to conserve the ecological functions of surrounding buffer zones. Such a conservation strategy would match the natural configuration of these endangered habitats.
Tree Diversity, Environmental Heterogeneity, and Productivity in a Mexican Tropical Dry Forest1
Authors: Balvanera Patricia , Aguirre Efraín 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTSpecies diversity–environmental heterogeneity (D–EH) and species diversity–productivity (D–P) relationships have seldom been analyzed simultaneously even though such analyses could help to understand the processes underlying contrasts in species diversity among sites. Here we analyzed both relationships at a local scale for a highly diverse tropical dry forest of Mexico. We posed the following questions: (1) are environmental heterogeneity and productivity related?; (2) what are the shapes of D–EH and D–P relationships?; (3) what are individual, and interactive, contributions of these two variables to the observed variance in species diversity?; and (4) are patterns affected by sample size, or by partitioning into average local diversity and spatial species turnover? All trees (diameter at breast height ≥5 cm) within twenty‐six 0.2‐ha transects were censused; four environmental variables associated with water availability were combined into an environmental heterogeneity index; aboveground standing biomass was used as a productivity estimator. Simple and multiple linear and nonlinear regression models were run. Environmental heterogeneity and productivity were not correlated. We found consistently positive log‐linear D–EH and D–P relationships. Productivity explained a larger fraction of among‐transect variance in species diversity than did environmental heterogeneity. No effects of sample size were found. Different components of diversity varied in sensitivity to environmental heterogeneity and productivity. Our results suggest that species' differentiation along water availability gradients and species exclusion at the lowest productivity (driest) sites occur simultaneously, independently, and in a scale‐dependent fashion on the tree community of this forest.
The Use of French Spikes to Collect Botanical Vouchers in Permanent Plots: Evaluation of Potential Impacts1
Authors: De Castilho Carolina V. , Magnusson William E. , Oliveira de Araújo R. Nazaré , Da Costa Pereira Everaldo , De Souza Sebastião Salvino 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the impacts of the use of French climbing spikes on the growth rate and survival of trees during an interval of 14–28 mo. No climbed tree died during this interval and the growth rates of the climbed trees were not different from those trees that were not climbed. We recommend that users always record when a tree is climbed using spikes, especially in permanent plots.
Geographic Range, Habitats, and Host Plants of Bromeliad‐living Jumping Spiders (Salticidae)1
Authors: Romero Gustavo Q. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTAlthough spiders are a very diverse group on vegetation, their associations with plants are poorly known. Some salticid species specifically use Bromeliaceae as host plants in some regions of South America. In this study, I report the geographic range of these spider‐bromeliad associations, and whether the spiders inhabit particular bromeliad species and vegetation types, as well as open areas or interior of forests. Nine salticid species were found to be associated with up to 23 bromeliad species in cerrados (savanna‐like vegetation), semideciduous and seasonal forests, coastal sand dune vegetation, restingas, inselbergs, highland forests, chacos, and rain forests at 47 localities in Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina. Some species were typically specialists, inhabiting almost exclusively one bromeliad species over a large geographic range (e.g., Psecas chapoda on Bromelia balansae), whereas others were generalists, occurring on up to 7–8 bromeliad species (e.g., Psecas sp., Eustiromastix nativo, and Coryphasia sp. 1). The regional availability of bromeliad species among habitats may explain this pattern of host plant use. More jumping spiders were found on bromeliads in open areas than on bromeliads in the interior of forests. These results show that several jumping spider species may be strictly associated with the Bromeliaceae in the Neotropics. This is one of the few studies to show host‐specific associations for spiders on a particular plant type over a wide geographic range.
Hypocrealean (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) Fungal Diversity in Different Stages of Tropical Forest Succession in Costa Rica1
Authors: Chaverri Priscila , Vílchez Braulio 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTThe relationship between forest succession and microfungal diversity has been poorly studied. Fungi provide important ecosystem services that may deteriorate in deforested or highly disturbed forests. To determine the possible effects of deforestation and forest succession on microfungi, species diversity of hypocrealean fungi (Ascomycota) was compared in forest stands in Eastern Costa Rica representing three stages of succession: 1–2, 25–27 yr old, and an old growth forest. Species diversity in a second‐growth forest fragment surrounded by timber plantations and second‐growth forest was also compared to that of a stand surrounded by old growth forest. The results show that the overall diversity of hypocrealean fungi was inversely proportional to the age of the forest stand, and each family showed different successional trends. Clavicipitaceae was more diverse in the old‐growth forest and was positively related to the age of the forest stand. Nectriaceae was highly diverse in the 1‐ to 2‐yr‐old stand and less diverse in the old‐growth stand. Saprobic and plant pathogenic fungal species were more diverse in the 1‐ to 2‐yr‐old stand and their diversity was inversely proportional to the age of the forest stand. The diversity of insect pathogens was positively related to the age of the forest stand. The 20‐ to 22‐yr‐old forest fragment had the lowest number of species overall. Based on the data gathered in this study, hypocrealean fungal species diversity is related to the successional stage and fragmentation of tropical forest.
Community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections: Report of a local outbreak and implications for emergency department care
Authors: Fleming Scott W. , Brown Lauren Hinson , Tice Sarah E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurpose: To report a local outbreak of community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureas (CA‐MRSA), discuss the incidence and the high rates of CA‐MRSA–related skin and soft tissue infections in our outpatient and emergency department (ED) population, and also review the diagnosis and management of CA‐MRSA in outpatients.Data sources: Case report, diagnostic evidence, scientific literature, published treatment guidelines, and a retrospective chart review.Conclusions: Clinical suspicions of high rates of CA‐MRSA–related skin and soft tissue infections in our institution’s outpatient and ED population was supported. Hospital‐acquired MRSA (HA‐MRSA) was also more prevalent than expected. Recognizing high‐risk settings, patients and clinical features of CA‐MRSA is essential for early identification and proper management. The most common clinical manifestation of CA‐MRSA we identified was a skin or soft tissue infection.Implications for practice: It is important that clinicians have an awareness of high‐risk patients, perform routine culturing of soft tissue infections, and prescribe antibiotics based on culture and sensitivities. Awareness, prevention, early diagnosis, and implementation of effective antibiotic management by nurse practitioners can help limit an epidemic of CA‐MRSA.
How we do it: Tissue adhesives in osseointegrated implantation surgery
Authors: Koppana V. , Kalaiselvan R. , Snow D.G. 
Published: May 2006

Keypoints• Success of a percutaneous osseointegrated implants depends on the integrity and stability of surrounding soft tissues.• Tissue adhesives are widely used to close minor lacerations of skin in children and after some elective procedures.• Cyanoacrylate‐based tissue glues were found to be safe with low complication rates.• We describe our technique and experience of using cyanoacrylate‐based tissue adhesives to stabilise split thickness skin grafts following osseointegrated implantation.
How we do it: Reinsertion of the stylet into the nucleus contour cochlear implant to facilitate second insertion. A helpful technique salvaging the cochlear implant device
Authors: Grolman W. , Verdam F.J. , Tange R.A. 
Published: May 2006

Keypoints• There are several causes for failure of appropriate position of the electrode array of the nucleus cochlear implant, e.g. incomplete insertion, extrusion, luxation, curling of the device, deviation, or false route.• If the position of the electrode array in relation to the modiolus is unsatisfactory, in order to salvage the cochlear implant one can reload the cochlear implant array with its stylet.• In order to reload the electrode array, primarily it needs to be removed from the cochlea and inserted into a small size suction tube (lubricated with just water). Then the stylet needs to be carefully straightened and inserted into the lumen of the array.• This technique is a relatively simple solution for unsatisfactory placement of the electrode array and can prevent discarding the precious cochlear implant.
Deterioration in quality‐of‐life of late (10‐year) survivors of head and neck cancer
Authors: Mehanna H.M. , Morton R.P. 
Published: May 2006

Objectives:  To determine 10‐year quality‐of‐life (QOL) in head and neck cancer patients and to examine the potential predictors of late QOL.Design:  Prospective 10‐year (QOL) assessment in a cohort of head and neck cancer patients.Setting:  Tertiary referral head and neck cancer centre in Auckland, New Zealand.Participants:  Two hundred patients diagnosed and were treated for head and neck cancer. Exclusion criteria were blindness, learning difficulties or inability to understand or read English.Main outcome measures:  Quality‐of‐life at 10 years measured by Auckland QOL questionnaire, and analysed for associations with the following co‐variates: age, gender; co‐morbidities (alcohol intake and smoking), type and stage of disease; treatment modality; and QOL measures.Results:  At 10 years following diagnosis, overall QOL (life satisfaction), decreased significantly by an average of 11% (95% CI: −5, −17) compared with before treatment, and by 15% when compared with years 1 and 2. Pre‐treatment QOL significantly predicted late QOL, whilst QOL 1 year after treatment did not. None of the socio‐demographic, disease‐ or treatment‐related factors predicted long‐term QOL on univariate analysis, but this may be due to the small sample size.Conclusions:  This observed, late drop in the QOL of head and neck cancer patients requires further corroboration and investigation. Due to small sample sizes associated with long‐term studies in head and neck cancer cohorts, studies of predictors of long‐term QOL will only be likely to succeed if done as multi‐centre studies. As there is some evidence to suggest that psychosocial interventions improve the QOL of head and neck cancer patients, it may be appropriate to consider screening for risk of a late deterioration in QOL in order to plan appropriate psycho‐social intervention.
Graphic‐visual adaptation of House–Brackmann facial nerve grading for peripheral facial palsy
Authors: Lazarini P. , Mitre E. , Takatu E. , Tidei R. 
Published: May 2006

Objective:  To determine if the diagram with schematic drawings of the face based on House–Brackmann facial nerve grading scale can be of easier use than the original grading scale for facial palsy patients.Study design:  Prospective case study of 32 patients with facial palsy.Setting:  Tertiary referral center‐university hospital.Patients:  Patients with different degrees of acute peripheral facial palsy from any cause.Main outcome measures:  The patients were photographed and then classified by degree of facial palsy through analysis of the pictures. At first, three of the authors individually utilised the original classification described by House–Brackmann facial nerve grading and then, after 7 days, they employed the illustration table proposed. After 30 days, the same methods were again used by the same authors for both House–Brackmann facial nerve grading and the illustration table.Results:  The analysis of the obtained data reveals that the classification described by House and Brackmann (Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1985;93:146) presents several items to be evaluated, making it difficult to use and demanding greater time for correct application. On the contrary, the proposed illustration table allows faster evaluation and easier memorisation, not being subject to possible interpretation or translation mistakes, as illustrations are a universal language. Neither method presented absolute reproducibility, however, we found slightly larger concordance indexes among the authors for the proposed illustration table. We noticed average values of reproducibility were ≈65% in the House–Brackmann classification, and 75% in the evaluation using the diagram of the schematic drawings.Conclusions:  The authors concluded that the illustration table could be utilised in substitution for the original description of House–Brackmann facial nerve grading; they also concluded that the illustration table allows faster evaluation and easier memorisation.
Intra‐operative parathyroid hormone monitoring in secondary hyperparathyroidism: is it useful?
Authors: Roshan A. , Kamath B. , Roberts S. , Atkin S.L. , England R.J.A. 
Published: May 2006

Objectives:  To assess the use of intra‐operative parathyroid hormone (PTH) level monitoring as a predictor of persistent hypoparathyroidism after total parathyroidectomy in renal hyperparathyroidism.Setting:  University Teaching Hospital Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Unit.Participants:  All patients with renal hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy between January 2004 and July 2005. Twenty‐nine patients were identified.Main outcome measures:  Comparison is made between pre‐ and intra‐operative PTH levels (ioPTH) in patients who at 3 months postoperatively maintained hypoparathyroidism and patients who did not. Results were analysed to see whether ioPTH predicts maintenance of the hypoparathyroid state.Results:  The mean preoperative PTH level was 932 pg/L (range: 58–1808). The mean postoperative PTH level was 147 pg/L (range: 16–498). The mean 3‐month PTH level was 47 pg/L (range: <1–515). The mean postoperative PTH level for patients with a persistently high PTH level at 3 months was 286 pg/L (range: 272–299), compared with 63 pg/mL (16–160) in patients remaining normparathyroid, and 159 pg/L (range: 39–498) for patients with persistent hypoparathyroidism. If the normoparathyroid state is strictly considered to be failure following total parathyroidectomy, ioPTH is not predictive of hypoparathyroidism. However, ioPTH is indicative of biochemical resolution of the hyperparathyroid state (normo‐ or hypoparathyroidism).Conclusion:  We conclude that the use of ioPTH monitoring in the surgical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism fails to predict persistent hypoparathyroidism following total parathyroidectomy, but does predict biochemical resolution of hyperparathyroidism.
Systematic review of the follow‐up of oral dysplasia
Authors: Rattay T. , Smith J. , Sandhu R. , Mehanna H.M. 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. To assess effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of follow‐up regimens for oral dysplasia with regards to malignant transformation rate and duration to transformation. Method. Study design–Systematic literature review with criteria for identifying studies, assessing quality and data extraction. Selection criteria–Cohort studies, case‐control studies, or randomised‐controlled trials (RCTs). Interventions–Clinical follow‐up and surveillance, surgical and non‐surgical treatment, modification of aetiological factors. Outcome measures–Malignant transformation rate, predictive value of clinical prognostic indicators. Data collection and analysis–Using selection criteria, we identified published data by electronic searching. The validity of studies and extracted data was independently assessed by two authors. Quantitative data is compared and summarized in a table. Qualitative data is also discussed. Results. There are no RCTs assessing follow‐up strategies. Nineteen cohort studies (level II and III evidence) reported follow‐up, of which 12 were included in the meta‐analysis. The malignant transformation rate varies widely between studies (6.6–36.0%). Surgical treatment appears to be more effective than non‐surgical modalities, but recurrence is high. Tobacco and alcohol use, site and histological grade of the lesion are associated with progression to cancer. Conclusions. There is currently no evidence‐based or consensus strategy for malignant risk quantification and follow‐up of patients with oral dysplasia. We present a follow‐up protocol based on best evidence. Large randomised‐controlled trials are needed to assess these new strategies, including the use of molecular markers to quantify risk and follow‐up these lesions.