bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTION: C‐reactive Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in Youth: A Strong Relationship?
Authors: Oliveira Antônio C. , Oliveira Ana M. , Adan Luis F. , Oliveira Nelson F. , Silva Agnaluce M. , Ladeia Ana M. 
Published: March 2008

Retraction: Note from the Editor‐in‐Chief: This paper is retractedObjective: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is on the rise in youth. As high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) is associated with cardiovascular/metabolic disorders, we evaluated the association between MS and its components and hs‐CRP in a sample of Brazilian overweight and obese youth.Methods and Procedures: A total of 407 students (229 girls, 273 with excessive weight, 11.3 ± 3.2 years) were evaluated. Measurement included BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, lipids, insulin, and hs‐CRP. Excessive weight was defined using BMI z ‐score; MS by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program—Adult Treatment Panel III.Results: Subjects were classified into two groups: with MS (n = 72) and without (n = 335). hs‐CRP means and medians were higher in MS group (1.41 mg/l vs. 1.06 mg/l, P < 0.001; 2.21 mg/l vs. 1.23 mg/l, P < 0.001). Associations between hs‐CRP quartiles and insulin resistance (IR) (P < 0.001), MS (P < 0.001), WC (P < 0.000), BMI z‐score (P < 0.001), hypertension (P < 0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (P < 0.001), and low HDL‐c (P = 0.023) were significant; adjustment of hs‐CRP for BMI z‐score eliminated the previous association, except for the number of MS components (nMSc) (P < 0.001). Adjusting for homeostasis model assessment method of IR (HOMA‐IR) did not eliminate the relation between hs‐CRP and MS components. Furthermore, increases in BMI z ‐score and nMSc were associated with an increased hs‐CRP. Excessive weight (odds ratio (OR), 7.9; confidence interval (CI), 4.7–13.4; P = 0.000), hypertension (OR, 2.3; CI, 1.3–4.2; P = 0.003), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.3; CI, 1.5–3.7; P < 0.001) were independently associated with hs‐CRP.Discussion: In youth, hs‐CRP is strongly related with MS and its components, and is also determined by the body composition. This association indicates a precocious proinflammatory state.
Cord Blood ASP Is Predicted by Maternal Lipids and Correlates With Fetal Birth Weight
Authors: Saleh Jumana , Al‐Riyami Hamed D.S. , Chaudhary Taqdees A. , Cianflone Katherine 
Published: March 2008

Background: The acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a potent lipogenic adipokine that correlates with postprandial triglyceride (TG) clearance and is linked to the pathophysiology of obesity and related disorders.Objective: To investigate ASP levels in cord blood and its relation to maternal and cord blood lipid parameters and fetal birth weight.Methods and Procedures: Thirty nondiabetic pregnant women, their newborns, and thirty‐three nonpregnant controls were included in this study. Fasting maternal and cord blood ASP, TGs, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), cholesterol, glucose levels, in addition to maternal BMI and fetal birth weight were measured.Results: No significant difference was found between cord blood ASP (16.3 ± 0.96 nmol/l) and ASP levels in the adult controls (15.7 ± 1.0 nmol/l). Cord blood ASP, however, was lower than maternal plasma ASP levels (25.4 ± 1.6 nmol/l, P < 0.001). Yet, lipid levels in cord blood, particularly TGs were markedly decreased compared to control and maternal TG levels (threefold and 7.4‐fold, P < 0.001 respectively). Maternal TGs significantly correlated with fetal birth weight (r = 0.54, P = 0.002). Multiple regression analysis showed that maternal TGs (β = 0.57, P = 0.01) and NEFAs (β = 0.43, P = 0.024) predicted 45% variation in cord blood ASP levels, independent of all measured maternal and cord blood parameters. Cord blood ASP showed a positive correlation with fetal birth weight (r = 0.524, P = 0.037) in neonates above average fetal birth weight of the studied population.Discussion: This is the first study investigating ASP in cord blood. We suggest that maternal hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased fetal ASP production, thus enhancing fetal fat storage independent of maternal glucose variations in nondiabetic women.
The Failure of Therapist Assistance and Stepped‐care to Improve Weight Loss Outcomes
Authors: Carels Robert A. , Young Kathleen M. , Coit Carissa B. , Darby Lynn A. , Clayton Anna M. , Spencer Alexis C. , Hobbs Marissa W. , Oemig Carmen K. 
Published: March 2008

Objective: This investigation was designed to examine whether: (i) individuals could successfully lose 5% of their body weight with minimal assistance, (ii) weight loss would be improved by the addition of therapist assistance, and (iii) individuals unsuccessful at losing 5% total body weight during the minimal assistance phase (with or without therapist assistance) would benefit from a weekly weight loss group.Methods and Procedures: Fifty‐four overweight or obese adults (BMI > 27 kg/m2) initially participated in a 14‐week self‐help (SH) or therapist‐assisted SH (TASH) weight loss program. Participants who were unsuccessful at losing 5% total body weight were stepped‐up to a 3‐month, group‐based behavioral weight loss program (BWLP) with weekly weigh‐ins.Results: Although ∼60% of the participants were successful at losing 5% of their total body weight (lb) during the minimal assistance phase (M = 10.6; s.d. = 11.5; P < 0.01), treatment outcome was not improved by the addition of therapist assistance. For individuals who were unsuccessful at losing 5% of total body weight during a minimal assistance phase, the addition of a group‐based BWLP did not improve their weight loss.Discussion: While many individuals were quite successful at losing weight with minimal assistance, other individuals evidenced difficulties losing weight, even when participating in a greater intensity intervention (i.e., BWLP group).
Predictors of Attrition and Weight Loss in an Adolescent Weight Control Program
Authors: Jelalian Elissa , Hart Chantelle N. , Mehlenbeck Robyn S. , Lloyd‐Richardson Elizabeth E. , Kaplan Jamie D. , Flynn‐O'Brien Katherine T. , Wing Rena R. 
Published: March 2008

Objective: To evaluate demographic and psychosocial predictors of attrition and weight loss in a behaviorally based adolescent weight control trial.Methods and Procedures: Adolescents (N = 76) aged 13–16 years and 20–80% overweight (M = 60.56%, s.d. = 15.17%) received standard group‐based behavioral treatment as part of a randomized trial comparing different activity interventions for overweight adolescents. Anthropometric and psychosocial measures were obtained at baseline and after the 16‐week intervention.Results: Higher parent (P < 0.01) and adolescent BMI (P < 0.05) at baseline, as well as ethnic minority status (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with attrition in univariate analyses. Parent BMI remained the only significant predictor of attrition in multivariate analyses. BMI change for completers (N = 62) was highly variable, ranging from −6.09 to +1.62 BMI units. Male gender (P < 0.01) was a significant predictor of reduction in BMI, whereas not being from an ethnic minority group (P < 0.05) and attendance at group sessions (P = 0.05) were associated with ≥5% absolute weight loss in multivariate analyses. Absolute weight loss during the first 4 weeks of the program was strongly associated with weight loss (pr = 0.44, P < 0.001) during the remainder of the intervention. Psychosocial variables were unrelated to attrition or treatment outcome.Discussion: These findings highlight the potential importance of attending to parental BMI in efforts to retain adolescent participants in treatment, as well as the need to develop weight control interventions that are more effective for ethnic minority youth.
Neonatal Exposure to Leptin Augments Diet‐induced Obesity in Leptin‐deficient Ob/Ob Mice
Authors: Yura Shigeo , Itoh Hiroaki , Sagawa Norimasa , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Nakao Kazuwa , Kawamura Makoto , Mogami Haruta , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Fujii Shingo 
Published: March 2008

Objective: Epidemiological evidence has revealed that undernutrition in utero is closely associated with obesity and related detrimental metabolic sequelae in adulthood. Recently, using a wild‐type (wt) mouse model in which offspring were exposed to intrauterine undernutrition (UN offspring), we reported that the premature leptin surge during neonatal growth promotes lifelong changes in energy regulating circuitry in the hypothalamus, thus playing an important role in the development of pronounced obesity on a high‐fat diet (HFD) in adulthood. Here, we further evaluate the essential involvement of leptin in the developmental origins of obesity using leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice.Methods and Procedures: We assessed the progression of obesity on an HFD in adult leptin‐deficient ob/ob male mice that were exposed to intrauterine undernutrition by maternal food restriction (ob/ob UN offspring) or to leptin treatment during the neonatal period; this treatment is comparable to the premature leptin surge observed in the wt‐UN offspring.Results: On an HFD, the body weight of the male ob/ob UN offspring paralleled that of the ob/ob offspring exposed to normal intrauterine nutrition (ob/ob NN offspring). In contrast, early exposure to leptin in the ob/ob NN offspring during early neonatal growth reproduced the development of pronounced obesity on an HFD in adulthood.Discussion: The presence of leptin and associated energy regulation are indispensable in the acceleration of obesity on an HFD caused by undernutrition in utero. The premature leptin surge plays an essential role in the developmental origins of obesity as a programming signal during the early neonatal period.
Prevalence of Obesity and Correlations With Lifestyle and Dietary Factors in Chinese Men
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ah , Wen Wanqing , Xu Wang Hong , Zheng Wei , Li Honglan , Yang Gong , Xiang Yong‐Bing , Shu Xiao‐Ou 
Published: March 2008

Objective: To estimate the age‐adjusted prevalence of general and centralized obesity among Chinese men living in urban Shanghai.Methods and Procedures: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 61,582 Chinese men aged 40–75. BMI (kg/m2) was used to measure overweight (23 ≤ BMI < 27.4) and obesity (BMI ≥ 27.5) based on the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended criteria for Asians. Waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) was used to measure moderate (75th ≤ WHR < 90th percentile) and severe (WHR ≥ 90th percentile) centralized obesity.Results: The average BMI and WHR were 23.7 kg/m2 and 0.90, respectively. The prevalence of overweight was 48.6% and obesity was 10.5%. The prevalence of general and centralized obesity was higher in men with high income or who were retired, tea drinkers, or nonusers of ginseng than their counterparts. Men with high education had a higher prevalence of overweight and centralized obesity, but had a lower prevalence of obesity and severe centralized obesity compared to those with less education. Current smokers or alcohol drinkers had a lower prevalence of general obesity but higher prevalence of centralized obesity than nonsmokers or nondrinkers of alcohol. Ex‐smokers and ex‐alcohol drinkers had a higher prevalence of general and centralized obesity compared to nonsmokers and nondrinkers of alcohol. Prevalence of obesity was associated with high energy intake and less daily physical activity.Discussion: The prevalence of obesity among Chinese men in urban Shanghai was lower than that observed in Western countries but higher than that in other Asian countries, and the prevalence of general and centralized obesity differed by demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors.
Effect of Peroxisome Proliferator‐activated Receptor‐α Ligands in the Interaction Between Adipocytes and Macrophages in Obese Adipose Tissue
Authors: Toyoda Takuya , Kamei Yasutomi , Kato Hirotsugu , Sugita Satoshi , Takeya Motohiro , Suganami Takayoshi , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2008

Objective: This study was designed to examine the effect of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α) ligands on the inflammatory changes induced by the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages in obese adipose tissue.Methods and Procedures: PPAR‐α ligands (Wy‐14,643 and fenofibrate) were added to 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, RAW264 macrophages, or co‐culture of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and RAW264 macrophages in vitro, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) mRNA expression and secretion were examined. PPAR‐α ligands were administered to genetically obese ob/ob mice for 2 weeks. Moreover, the effect of PPAR‐α ligands was also evaluated in the adipose tissue explants and peritoneal macrophages obtained from PPAR‐α‐deficient mice.Results: In the co‐culture of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and RAW264 macrophages, PPAR‐α ligands reduced MCP‐1 and TNF‐α mRNA expression and secretion in vitro relative to vehicle‐treated group. The anti‐inflammatory effect of Wy‐14,643 was observed in adipocytes treated with macrophage‐conditioned media or mouse recombinant TNF‐α and in macrophages treated with adipocyte‐conditioned media or palmitate. Systemic administration of PPAR‐α ligands inhibited the inflammatory changes in adipose tissue from ob/ob mice. Wy‐14,643 also exerted an anti‐inflammatory effect in the adipose tissue explants but not in peritoneal macrophages obtained from PPAR‐α‐deficient mice.Discussion: This study provides evidence for the anti‐inflammatory effect of PPAR‐α ligands in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages in obese adipose tissue, thereby improving the dysregulation of adipocytokine production and obesity‐related metabolic syndrome.
A suite of Perl modules for handling microarray data
Authors: Morris James A. , Gayther Simon A. , Jacobs Ian J. , Jones Christopher 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Summary: We describe PerlMAT, a Perl microarray toolkit providing easy to use object-oriented methods for the simplified manipulation, management and analysis of microarray data. The toolkit provides objects for the encapsulation of microarray spots and reporters, several common microarray data file formats and GAL files. In addition, an analysis object provides methods for data processing, and an image object enables the visualisation of microarray data. This important addition to the Perl developer's library will facilitate more widespread use of Perl for microarray application development within the bioinformatics community. The coherent interface and well-documented code enables rapid analysis by even inexperienced Perl developers.
Availability: Software is available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/perlmat
Contact: james.morris@ucl.ac.uk
An analytical pipeline for genomic representations used for cytosine methylation studies
Authors: Thompson Reid F. , Reimers Mark , Khulan Batbayar , Gissot Mathieu , Richmond Todd A. , Chen Quan , Zheng Xin , Kim Kami , Greally John M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Representations of the genome can be generated by the selection of a subpopulation of restriction fragments using ligation-mediated PCR. Such representations form the basis for a number of high-throughput assays, including the HELP assay to study cytosine methylation. We find that HELP data analysis is complicated not only by PCR amplification heterogeneity but also by a complex and variable distribution of cytosine methylation. To address this, we created an analytical pipeline and novel normalization approach that improves concordance between microarray-derived data and single locus validation results, demonstrating the value of the analytical approach. A major influence on the PCR amplification is the size of the restriction fragment, requiring a quantile normalization approach that reduces the influence of fragment length on signal intensity. Here we describe all of the components of the pipeline, which can also be applied to data derived from other assays based on genomic representations.
Contact: jgreally@aecom.yu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Disappearing bodies and ghost vortices
Authors: Eames I 
Published: March 2008

In many dispersed multiphase flows bubbles, droplets, and particles move and disappear due to a phase change. Practical examples include vapour bubbles condensing in subcooled liquids, fuel droplets evaporating in a hot gas and ice crystals melting in water. After these ‘bodies’ have disappeared, they leave behind a remnant ‘ghost’ vortex as an expression of momentum conservation.A general framework is developed to analyse why and how a ghost vortex is generated. A study of these processes is incomplete without a detailed discussion of the concept of momentum for unbounded flows. We show how momentum can be defined unambiguously for unbounded flows and show its connection with other expressions, particularly that of Lighthill. We apply our analysis to interpret new observations of condensing vapour bubbles and discuss droplet evaporation. We show that the use of integral invariants, widely applied in turbulence, introduces a new perspective to dispersed multiphase flows.
Erythrocyte Abnormality Induced, by Protein Malnutrition
Authors: Lanzkowsky P. , McKenzie D. , Katz S. , Hoffenberg R. , R. Friedman  , Black E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRed cell survival studies using 51 Cr‐labelled erythrocytes were carried out on 14 subjects with protein malnutrition (12 kwashiorkor and two marasmus). The T½ varied from 3 to 20 days with a mean of 12.4 days. There was significant accumulation of radioactivity demonstrable on scanning over the liver and spleen in three kwashiorkor patients.Erythrocytes of three kwashiorkor patients showed shortened T½ both when auto‐transfused and when injected into three normal controls. The T½ of erythrocytes from two normal donors injected into four subjects with kwashiorkor was also considerably reduced.After protein repletion, auto‐transfusion in nine cases showed a T½ which varied from 20 to 29 days with a mean of 23.7 days.This investigation has shown considerably reduced erythrocyte survival in patients with protein malnutrition (kwashiorkor and marasmus); this shortened survival time appears to be due to both corpuscular and extra‐corpuscular factors. Following protein feeding considerable improvement in the erythrocyte survival took place. Since improvement in erythrocyte survival occurred on a low iron‐containing protein diet without haematinics or vitamin supplements it is considered that protein depletion is principally responsible for this shortened survival.
The Origin of the Elevated Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase in Megaloblastic Anaemia
Authors: Emerson Pauline M. , Withycome Wendy A. , Wilkinson J. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe high serum lactate dehydrogenase activity found in megaloblastosis is almost entirely due to major increases in the anodic isoenzymes. Since the cathodic fractions predominate in the liver, gastric mucosa, lymphatic tissue and peripheral leucocytes these tissues are unlikely to be responsible for the raised serum activity. Of the tissues rich in anodic isoenzymes, the heart and kidney are not considered to be important contributors since, in the case of the former, there is no associated increase in aspartate transaminase activity, and the latter does not undergo major tissue damage in megaloblastosis. The amount of peripheral haemolysis which occurs in pernicious anaemia is not considered to account for more than a small part of the increased enzyme activity in the serum. The lactate dehydrogenase of megaloblastic bone marrow consists principally of anodic isoenzymes whereas that of normal marrow is largely cathodic, and the very high rate of destruction of immature and abnormal erythroid precursors in the bone marrow of patients with megaloblastosis is considered to be the most likely source of the raised serum enzyme activity.
Absorption of Unaltered Folic Acid, from the Gastro‐intestinal Tract in Man
Authors: Whitehead V. M. , Cooper B. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHepatic portal and systemic plasma folate levels were determined in human subjects during umbilical‐vein catheterization after oral administration of folic acid. Hepatic‐vein blood was obtained during right heart catheterization. Serial folate measurements with L. casei and S. faecalis and TEAE‐cellulose chromatography revealed that folic acid is rapidly absorbed into the portal blood without undergoing metabolic conversion. A delay in rise in folate levels in systemic and hepatic‐vein blood, together with the finding of large amounts of folic acid and methylfolate in blood subsequently leaving the liver, indicates that this organ is the major site of folic‐acid metabolism.
Antibody to Intrinsic‐Factor‐Vitamin‐B12 Complex in Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: Cooper B. A. , Yates T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum from some patients with pernicious anaemia contains antibody activity to human intrinsic factor‐57CoB12 complex (IF‐57CoB12) which can be detected by co‐precipitation of IF‐57CoB12) with the globulin fraction precipitated with 45 per cent ethanol. The characteristics of this antigen‐antibody reaction include some dissociation of antigen from antibody during precipitation, and ready cross‐reaction of antibody with IF to which vitamin B12 is not bound. The IF‐B12 antigen also cross‐reacts with anti‐intrinsic‐factor antibody, as measured by the charcoal adsorption technique. This co‐precipitation technique may be to determine whether small quantities of B12‐binding material have the immunological characteristics of intrinsic factor. Although the anti‐IF antibody present in the blood of many patients with pernicious anaemia may be responsible for this anti‐IF‐B12 antibody activity, it is possible that a separate antibody system exists which is directed against IF‐B12.
Quinine‐Induced Haemolysis: Mechanism of Action
Authors: Bennett J. M. , Desforges Jane F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYQuinine hydrochloride was found to produce striking haemolysis of whole blood in vitro, preceded by rounding of red cells, K+ leakage, and decreased resistance to hypotonic saline solutions. Evidence is presented to indicate that quinine does not interfere with the pentose phosphate pathway. Its primary damage may be on membranes and is possibly‐related to oxidation of sulphhydryl groups.
Patterns of Red Cell Destruction in Sickle‐Cell Anaemia
Authors: Hathorn M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYNine patients with sickle‐cell anaemia were studied by body surface counting over the spleen and liver following the injection of 51Cr‐labelled red cells. In two of the patients without palpable spleens there was no excess accumulation of radioactivity over the spleen, and the spleen/liver ratio declined with time. In the remaining seven patients, all with splenomegaly, there was decreased red cell survival, an excess accumulation of radioactivity over the spleen, and an increase in the spleen/liver ratio with time, indicative of sequestration of red cells by the spleen. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Electron‐Microscopy of Türk Cells
Authors: Sprigs A. I. , Jerrome D. W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYElectron‐micrographs have been made from mononuclear‐cell concentrates of peripheral blood from two patients in whom there were numerous circulating Turk cells. There appears to be a series from immature forms with the morphological characters of ‘blast cells’ up to cells with the fully developed cytoplasmic characters of plasma cells.
Nucleolar Staining in the Differentiation of Acute Leukaemias
Authors: Salsbury A. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe results of an investigation into 45 cases of acute leukaemia, using the Chromotrope 2R nucleolar staining techniques of Gillis and Baikie have been reported. Although no clear distinction can be drawn between the various types of ‘blast cells’, lymphoblast tend to have spherical nucleoli, less than two to a nucleus and deeply‐staining, whereas myeloblast tend to possess two or more irregular, faintly‐staining nucleoli per cell. Nucleolar staining may be of value in the classification of some cases of acute leukaemia.