bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telomere uncapping during in vitro T‐lymphocyte senescence
Authors: Chebel Amel , Bauwens Serge , Gerland Luc‐Marie , Belleville Aurélie , Urbanowicz Iwona , De Climens Aude Roborel , Tourneur Yves , Chien Wei Wen , Catallo Régine , Salles Gilles , Gilson Eric , Ffrench Martine 
Published: December 2008

SummaryNormal lymphocytes represent examples of somatic cells that are able to induce telomerase activity when stimulated. As previously reported, we showed that, during lymphocyte long‐term culture and repeated stimulations, the appearance of senescent cells is associated with telomere shortening and a progressive drop in telomerase activity. We further showed that this shortening preferentially occured at long telomeres and was interrupted at each stimulation by a transitory increase in telomere length. In agreement with the fact that telomere uncapping triggers lymphocyte senescence, we observed an increase in γ‐H2AX and 53BP1 foci as well as in the percentage of cells exhibiting DNA damage foci in telomeres. Such a DNA damage response may be related to the continuous increase of p16ink4a upon cell stimulation and cell aging. Remarkably, at each stimulation, the expression of shelterin genes, such as hTRF1, hTANK1, hTIN2, hPOT1 and hRAP1, was decreased. We propose that telomere dysfunction during lymphocyte senescence caused by iterative stimulations does not only result from an excessive telomere shortening, but also from a decrease in shelterin content. These observations may be relevant for T‐cell biology and aging.
The Effect of Age on Functional and Mortality Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Arnold Suzanne V. , Alexander Karen P. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Ho P. Michael , Xiao Lan , Spertus John A. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of post‐myocardial infarction (MI) functional decline and to describe its association with chronological age in survivors of MI.DESIGN: Prospective observational registry.SETTING: Nineteen U.S. hospitals.PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand four hundred eighty‐one patients with acute MI.MEASUREMENTS: Baseline and 1‐year interviews identified subjects with functional decline, defined as a more than 5‐point decline in Medical Outcomes Study 12‐item Short Form Questionnaire (SF‐12) Physical Component score or being “too ill” to provide a follow‐up interview at 1 year. The relationship between age and functional decline was evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for baseline SF‐12 score, comorbidities, sociodemographics, and treatment characteristics. One‐year mortality and a combined endpoint of death or decline were also compared across age.RESULTS: Of 2,009 patients who survived to 1 year, 582 (29%) experienced a functional decline. In survivors, age was not associated with functional decline in unadjusted (odds ratio (OR)=0.95/decade, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.88–1.03) or multivariable (OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.85–1.05) models. Although age was strongly associated with 1‐year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio=1.42, 95% CI=1.21–1.66), there was no association between age and the combined endpoint of death or functional decline (adjusted OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.92–1.12).CONCLUSION: More than one in four survivors of MI experiences a significant decline in physical function by 1 year. Although age is strongly associated with mortality, it had no association with functional decline. Because older patients have the same potential for favorable functional outcomes after an MI, age alone should not preclude aggressive treatment after an MI.
Analysis of the association of IL1B (C+3954T) and IL1RN (intron 2) polymorphisms with dental implant loss in a Brazilian population
Authors: Montes Claudia Cristina , Alvim‐Pereira Fabiano , De Castilhos Bruno Borges , Sakurai Marcos Luciano Lopes , Olandoski Marcia , Trevilatto Paula Cristina 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground: Although dental implants have a high success rate, failures occur, in spite of adequate clinical conditions. Together with the observation that multiple implant losses occur in certain groups of individuals (clusterization phenomenon), this suggests that host response may influence implant failure. Little is known about the influence of genetic susceptibility on implant loss. Interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐1ra are believed to play a key role in the immune‐inflammatory response, and polymorphisms IL1B (C+3954T) and IL1RN (intron 2) are shown to alter the coding proteins expression.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dental implant loss and polymorphisms IL1B (+3954) and IL1RN (intron 2).Material and methods: The study population (n=266) was divided into Test group (T)– 90 subjects with implant loss, and Control group (C)– 176 subjects without any implant failure. Genotyping was performed by PCR‐RFLP.Results: The number of present teeth was observed to influence implant loss. No differences in genotype and allele frequencies between C and T were found for IL1B (+3954) and IL1RN (intron 2) polymorphisms. However, the analysis of the whole study population (control and test groups) showed that genotype 2/2 was significantly more frequent in individuals with multiple implant losses (n=35) than in individuals that lost up to a single implant (n=231) (OR: 3.07, IC: 1.13–8.34, P=0.027).Conclusion: It was observed that number of teeth and edentulism were associated with implant loss. Genotype 2/2 of IL1RN polymorphism was significantly more frequent in patients who presented multiple losses, which suggests that the clusterization phenomenon has a genetic basis.
Update on therapeutic options in Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Leleu Xavier , Gay Julie , Roccaro Aldo M. , Moreau Anne‐Sophie , Poulain Stephanie , Dulery Remy , Champs Berenice Bro Des , Robu Daniela , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWaldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B‐cell disorder characterized primarily by bone marrow infiltration with lymphoplasmacytic cells (LPCs), along with demonstration of an IgM monoclonal gammopathy in the blood. WM remains incurable, with 5–6 yr median overall survival for patients with symptomatic WM. The main therapeutic options include alkylating agents, nucleoside analogues, and rituximab, either in monotherapy or in combination. Studies involving combination chemotherapy are ongoing, and preliminary results are encouraging. However, there are several limitations to these approaches. The complete response rate is low and the treatment free survival are short in many patients, no specific agent or regimen has been shown to be superior to another, and no treatment has been specifically approved for WM. As such, novel therapeutic agents are needed for the treatment of WM. In ongoing efforts, we and others have sought to exploit advances made in the understanding of the biology of WM so as to develop new targeted therapeutics for this malignancy. These efforts have led to the development of proteasome inhibitors, of them bortezomib, several Akt/mTor inhibitors, such as perifosine and Rad001, and immunomodulatory agents such as thalidomide and lenalidomide. Many agents and monoclonal antibodies are currently being tested in clinical trials and seem promising. This report provides an update of the current preclinical studies and clinical efforts for the development of novel agents in the treatment of WM.
Early causes of child obesity and implications for prevention
Authors: Cole T J 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChild obesity is becoming a serious public health concern, and major research effort is being devoted both to understand its aetiology and to improve the effectiveness of prevention strategies. Early growth patterns, both prenatally and postnatally, are emerging as important markers of later obesity risk, with rapid neonatal weight gain a clear risk factor for later obesity and metabolic syndrome. Thus, in two distinct senses child obesity is a growing problem. The paper summarises current evidence on growth pattern and obesity, relating it to infant feeding practice and appetite regulation, and highlights the areas in which public health interventions are feasible. Of the conclusions drawn, one involves a futuristic solution to child obesity where neonates are given an infusion of the hormone leptin to reset their appetite regulation.
Intraspecific Variation in the Fruiting of an Amazonian Timber Tree: Implications for Management
Authors: Fonseca Marisa Gesteira , Vidal Edson , Maës dos Santos Flavio Antonio 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTInformation concerning the fruit production of timber species is important for the assessment of the effects of logging practices and for the improvement of harvesting techniques. We assessed the effects of stem diameter, crown illumination, and liana load on Chrysophyllum lucentifolium subsp. pachycarpum fruiting over a 3‐yr period in areas subjected to conventional and reduced impact logging 10–13 yr prior to the study and within a control area, in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We further used this data set to estimate the proportion of fertile trees harvested following the adoption of 90 percent harvesting intensity and two different minimum diameter cutting limits (MDCL). Liana presence on > 50 percent of the crown was associated with a decrease in the odds of fruiting. Therefore, liana cutting aiming to increase fruiting output should target only trees in such a condition. We found no significant effects of logging treatments and crown illumination on the odds of fruiting. The percentage of reproductive trees, frequency, and intensity of fruiting increased markedly for trees > 40 cm dbh. The proportion of fertile trees harvested following the adoption of 50 cm dbh MDCL is relatively low (13–15%) and therefore, this practice is likely to have a low direct impact on C. lucentifolium fruiting at the population level. However, even for a population with relatively small fertile individuals and low proportion of trees ≥ 50 cm dbh, the MDCL should not be < 50 cm dbh, unless a lower harvest intensity is adopted.
Transforming South–North Relations? International Migration and Development
Authors: Datta Kavita 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMigration is increasingly viewed as a panacea for development. While much research on the ‘migration‐development nexus’ has focused on remittances and the developmental potential of these, other work has also highlighted the importance of return migration and, increasingly, the circulation of knowledge and skills, in engendering development. This said, it is important to recognise that the general euphoria surrounding the developmental potential of migration is increasingly framed within a Northern discourse and policy framework which seeks to better manage and control migration to the developed world. As such, it is important to recognise the different, and at times contradictory, agendas pursued by migrants, home and host countries. This article aims to highlight the implications of this for South–North relations.
Comparison of Field Performance of Multiple Soil Moisture Sensors in a Semi‐Arid Rangeland1
Authors: Paige Ginger B. , Keefer Timothy O. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract: Automated electronic soil moisture sensors, such as time domain reflectometry (TDR) and capacitance probes are being used extensively to monitor and measure soil moisture in a variety of scientific and land management applications. These sensors are often used for a wide range of soil moisture applications such as drought forage prediction or validation of large‐scale remote sensing instruments. The convergence of three different research projects facilitated the evaluation and comparison of three commercially available electronic soil moisture probes under field application conditions. The sensors are all installed in shallow soil profiles in a well instrumented small semi‐arid shrub covered subwatershed in Southeastern Arizona. The sensors use either a TDR or a capacitance technique; both of which indirectly measure the soil dielectric constant to determine the soil moisture content. Sensors are evaluated over a range of conditions during three seasons comparing responses to natural wetting and drying sequences and using water balance and infiltration simulation models. Each of the sensors responded to the majority of precipitation events; however, they varied greatly in response time and magnitude from each other. Measured profile soil moisture storage compared better to water balance estimates when soil moisture in deeper layers was accounted for in the calculations. No distinct or consistent trend was detected when comparing the responses from the sensors or the infiltration model to individual precipitation events. The results underscore the need to understand how the sensors respond under field application and recognize the limitations of soil moisture sensors and the factors that can affect their accuracy in predicting soil moisture in situ.
The Use of Contralateral Masking Noise in the Detection of Unilateral Deafness in Dalmatian Puppies
Authors: Gonçalves R. , Freeman J. , Penderis J. 
Published: December 2008

Background: The brainstem auditory‐evoked response (BAER) is currently the standard evaluation method of hearing in dogs. In asymmetrical hearing loss in human patients, simultaneous presentation of masking noise to the nontest ear is routinely performed during BAER to eliminate the crossover effect.Hypothesis: The crossover effect occurs during canine BAER, and masking noise of 20 decibels (dB) below click stimulus intensity is sufficient to abolish this effect.Animals: Fifty‐six Dalmatian puppies with confirmed unilateral deafness.Methods: The BAER was elicited with 80 and 100 dB normalized hearing level (dBnHL) stimulus intensity in the deaf ear. The 100 dBnHL stimulus was repeated while simultaneously applying 80 dBnHL white masking noise to the nontest ear.Results: Ten dogs were excluded because of BAER trace baseline fluctuation. In the remaining 46 dogs, 8 dogs had no waveforms, but 38 dogs had an identifiable wave‐V in the deaf ear BAER at 80 dBnHL intensity stimulus. At 100 dBnHL intensity stimulus, all but 1 dog had a discernible wave‐V in the deaf ear BAER. The deaf ear BAER waveforms were abolished by white masking noise at 80 dBnHL in the nontest ear in all dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Abolition of BAER wave‐V in the deaf ear by white masking noise in the nontest ear suggests that this wave is caused by the crossover effect. β distribution indicates 95% confidence that white masking noise, at 20 dB below click stimulus intensity, would abolish this crossover effect in over 90% of the dogs. This supports using masking noise in the nontest ear during canine BAER.
In Vivo and In Vitro Efficacy of Zoledronate for Treating Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cats
Authors: Wypij J.M. , Fan T.M. , Fredrickson R.L. , Barger A.M. , De Lorimier L.P. , Charney S.C. 
Published: December 2008

Background:Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may cause painful bone destruction. Given the local invasiveness and rapid clinical progression of OSCC, conventional therapies are often palliative. In human cancer patients, zoledronate exerts anticancer effects by inhibiting tumor‐induced angiogenesis and malignant osteolysis.Hypothesis:Zoledronate will exert in vitro and in vivo anti‐angiogenic and antiresorptive effects in feline OSCC.Animals:Eight cats with OSCC were prospectively treated with zoledronate and conventional treatment modalities.Methods:In vitro, zoledronate's effects in modulating soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and receptor activator of nuclear factorkB (NF‐κB) ligand (RANKL) expression were investigated in a feline OSCC cell line (SCCF1). In vivo, basal serum C‐telopeptide (CTx) concentrations were compared among normal and OSCC‐bearing cats, and the biologic effects of zoledronate administration in cats with naturally occurring OSCC were quantified by serially assessing circulating serum VEGF and CTx concentrations.Results:In vitro, zoledronate concentrations greater than 3 μM reduce soluble VEGF secretion in the SCCF1 cell line. The expression of RANKL in the SCCF1 cell line was also modulated by zoledronate, with low concentrations (3 μM) decreasing but higher concentrations (30 μM) increasing RANKL expression in comparison with untreated cells. In vivo, cats with bone‐invasive OSCC had greater serum CTx concentrations in comparison with geriatric, healthy controls. Treatment with zoledronate rapidly decreased circulating serum VEGF and CTx concentrations in cats with spontaneously occurring OSCC.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:Zoledronate exerts in vitro and in vivo effects that may favor the slowing of tumor growth and pathologic bone turnover associated with OSCC.
BartonellaDNA in the Blood and Lymph Nodes of Golden Retrievers with Lymphoma and in Healthy Controls
Authors: Duncan A.W. , Marr H.S. , Birkenheuer A.J. , Maggi R.G. , Williams L.E. , Correa M.T. , Breitschwerdt E.B. 
Published: December 2008

Background:Although lymphoma is the most common neoplastic process reported in dogs, its precise etiology is unknown. Golden Retrievers are more likely to develop lymphoma, suggesting a breed predisposition; however, other factors, including environment, immunity, and infection, are likely contributors to oncogenesis.Hypothesis:We hypothesized that the development of lymphoma in Golden Retrievers may be associated with vector‐borne infections, specificallyBartonella,Anaplasma, orEhrlichiaspecies infections.Animals:Golden Retrievers with lymphoma and healthy Golden Retrievers from across the United States were recruited for study participation.Methods:A matched, case‐control study was performed to determine the association of lymphoma and the presence ofBartonella, Anaplasma, andEhrlichiaspecies in serum, blood, and lymph node aspirates.Results:Using PCR analyses and DNA sequencing, single and coinfections withBartonella henselae,Bartonella elizabethae, Bartonella quintana, and/orBartonella vinsonii(berkhoffii) were detected in the blood and lymph node aspirates of Golden Retrievers with lymphoma (5/28 dogs, 18%) and in healthy Golden Retrievers (10/56 dogs, 18%); noAnaplasmaorEhrlichiaDNA was detected in any dog. When compared with dogs with lymphoma, a higher (P<.001) proportion of healthy Golden Retrievers were receiving monthly acaricide treatments (2.6 times higher).Conclusions and Clinical Importance:BartonellaDNA can be detected in blood and lymph nodes; importantly, in this report,Bartonellawas detected in the same proportion of clinically healthy dogs and dogs with lymphoma. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to determine the mode of transmission ofBartonellain dogs, whether lymphatic infection is persistent, or whether these bacteria may contribute to the development of lymphoma.
Circulating Natriuretic Peptides in Cats with Heart Disease
Authors: Connolly D.J. , Soares Magalhaes R.J. , Syme H.M. , Boswood A. , Luis Fuentes V. , Chu L. , Metcalf M. 
Published: December 2008

Background:Circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations are increased in cats with myocardial dysfunction.Hypothesis:Serum N‐terminal fragment of proatrial natriuretic peptide (NT‐proANP) and NT‐probrain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) concentrations may predict the presence of heart disease (HD) and congestive heart failure (CHF). A positive relationship is also predicted among natriuretic peptide (NP) concentrations, a noninvasive estimate of left ventricular filling pressure (E/Ea), and an echocardiographic measure of left atrial (LA) size (LA/aortic diameter [Ao]).Methods:Serum NP concentrations were measured in 28 healthy control and 50 study cats using sandwich enzyme immunoassays. The study group comprised cats, with HD but no CHF (HD − CHF, n = 17) and cats with CHF (HD + CHF, n = 33). The relationship among NP concentrations, LA size, andE/Eawas examined. The ability of NP to distinguish control from study cats, and HD − CHF from HD + CHF cats, was explored using receiver operator curve analysis.Results:NP concentrations were significantly lower in control than in study cats (P= .0001). The NT‐proBNP concentrations were positively correlated with LA/Ao ratio (ρ= 0.34;P= .02) and withE/Earatio (ρ= 0.68;P< .05). An NT‐proBNP concentration of 49 fmol/mL gave a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 89.3%, respectively, for correctly distinguishing 96.2% of control from study cats. Pairwise comparisons of the areas under the curve identified a statistically significant difference (P= .011) between NT‐proANP and NT‐proBNP to distinguish control from study cats. NT‐proANP and NT‐proBNP concentrations were significantly higher in HD + CHF cats than in HD − CHF cats (P= .0023 and .0001, respectively).Conclusions:Serum concentrations of NT‐proANP and particularly NT‐proBNP were different in healthy control cats, asymptomatic cats with HD, and cats with CHF, suggesting that measurement of NP concentrations may prove clinically useful as an initial screening test for cats with suspected cardiac disease.
Effect of Erythromycin and Gentamicin on Abomasal Emptying Rate in Suckling Calves
Authors: Nouri M. , Hajikolaee M.R. , Constable P.D. , Omidi A. 
Published: December 2008

Background:Commonly used dosage protocols for antimicrobial agents may alter the rate of gastric emptying.Hypothesis:Parenteral administration of erythromycin increases and gentamicin decreases the rate of abomasal emptying.Animals:Five male Holstein‐Friesian calves (8–15 days of age).Methods:Calves received each of the following 4 IM treatments in random order: control, 2 mL of 0.9% NaCl; erythromycin, 8.8 mg/kg; low‐dose gentamicin, 4.4 mg/kg; high‐dose gentamicin, 6.6 mg/kg. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by acetaminophen and glucose absorption. Calves were fed 2 L of cow's milk containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg body weight) 30 minutes after each treatment was administered, and jugular venous blood samples were obtained periodically after suckling. The maximum observed plasma acetaminophen concentration (actualCmax) and time of actualCmax(actualTmax) were determined, and pharmacokinetic modeling was used to calculate modelCmaxand modelTmax.Results:Erythromycin increased abomasal emptying rate, as indicated by a shorter time to actualTmaxand modelTmax(P< .05). Abomasal emptying rate after injection of low‐dose gentamicin was similar to that of control. Administration of high‐dose gentamicin resulted in a longer time to actualTmax(P= .021) but did not change modelTmax(P= .62).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:IM injection of erythromycin increased abomasal emptying rate in dairy calves, whereas low‐dose and high‐dose gentamicin did not alter the rate of abomasal emptying as measured by acetaminophen kinetics and glucose absorption. The clinical relevance of these findings remains to be determined.