bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness
Authors: Norris Fran H. , Stevens Susan P. , Pfefferbaum Betty , Wyche Karen F. , Pfefferbaum Rose L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCommunities have the potential to function effectively and adapt successfully in the aftermath of disasters. Drawing upon literatures in several disciplines, we present a theory of resilience that encompasses contemporary understandings of stress, adaptation, wellness, and resource dynamics. Community resilience is a process linking a network of adaptive capacities (resources with dynamic attributes) to adaptation after a disturbance or adversity. Community adaptation is manifest in population wellness, defined as high and non‐disparate levels of mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life. Community resilience emerges from four primary sets of adaptive capacities—Economic Development, Social Capital, Information and Communication, and Community Competence—that together provide a strategy for disaster readiness. To build collective resilience, communities must reduce risk and resource inequities, engage local people in mitigation, create organizational linkages, boost and protect social supports, and plan for not having a plan, which requires flexibility, decision‐making skills, and trusted sources of information that function in the face of unknowns.
New Hydrophobic Intermediates of Aminodiester‐Type via a Green, Michael‐Addition Reaction
Authors: Piasecki Andrzej , Zieliński Wojciech 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe conjugate Michael addition of methylamine to alkyl acrylates can be performed under mild conditions without a catalyst to obtain new hydrophobic intermediates of aminodiester‐type. The reactants used strictly in 1:2 molar ratio provide almost quantitative yield of aminodiesters without formation of undesired aminoesters and any other by‐products. Aminodiesters can be purified if necessary by classical methods. The alkyl chain length in the acrylates used has no influence on the results.
Factors influencing depression endpoints research (FINDER): Study design and population characteristics
Authors: Garcia-Cebrian Ana , Bauer Michael , Montejo Angel L. , Dantchev Nicolas , Demyttenaere Koen , Gandhi Paul , Grassi Luigi , Monz Brigitta U. , Perahia David G.S. , Quail Deborah , Tylee Andre 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFactors influencing outcomes of depression in clinical practice, especially health-related quality of life (HRQoL), are poorly understood. The Factors Influencing Depression Endpoints Research (FINDER) study is a European prospective, observational study designed to estimate the HRQoL of adults with a clinically diagnosed depressive episode at baseline, and 3 and 6 months after commencing antidepressant medication. We report here the study design and baseline patient characteristics.HRQoL was assessed by the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Patient ratings on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were also obtained. Results (n = 3468) showed that SF-36 mental component summary (mean 22.2) was more than two SDs below general population norms (mean 50.0) and one SD below clinical depression norms (mean 34.8); the physical component summary (mean 46.1) was similar to general population (mean 50.0) and clinical depression norms (mean 45.0). Mean EQ-5D scores were also lower than general population norms. Mean HADS-Depression and -Anxiety subscores were 12.3 and 13.0, respectively. Fifty-six percent of patients reported an overall pain VAS score of at least 30 mm and 70% of these patients had no physical explanation for their pain.Further investigation into factors associated with HRQoL in depression after treatment initiation is warranted.
Lupin protein influences the expression of hepatic genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol hydrolysis of adult rats
Authors: Bettzieche Anja , Brandsch Corinna , Weiße Kristin , Hirche Frank , Eder Klaus , Stangl Gabriele I. 
Published: December 2007

To assess the effect of lupin protein on concentrations of lipids in plasma lipoproteins and liver and hepatic mRNA concentrations of genes involved in lipid metabolism, adult rats were fed egg albumin-based diets containing either lupin protein fromLupinus albusor casein (50 g/kg) supplemented (hypercholesterolaemic) or not (normolipaemic) with a cholesterol–cholate mixture for 20 d. Lupin protein compared with casein lowered the concentrations of TAG in liver (P < 0·01) and circulating VLDL + chylomicrons (P < 0·05) of hypercholesterolaemic rats, but not of normolipaemic rats. Hepatic mRNA concentrations of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and acyl-CoA:glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase were lower and mRNA concentrations of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase and apoA5 involved in TAG hydrolysis were higher in rats fed lupin protein than in rats fed casein. These effects were stronger in hypercholesterolaemic rats than in normolipaemic rats. Hypercholesterolaemic rats fed the lupin protein had higher liver cholesterol concentrations (P < 0·01) and lower levels of LDL-cholesterol (P < 0·05) than rats fed casein. No effect of lupin protein was observed on cholesterol concentration in VLDL + chylomicrons and HDL and hepatic mRNA concentrations of genes involved in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. In conclusion, the present study shows that lupin protein has hypotriacylglycerolaemic action possibly via down regulation of fatty acid synthesis genes and up regulation of genes involved in TAG hydrolysis. Alterations in cholesterol metabolism could not be explained on the basis of mRNA data.
Changes in epidemiology of leptospirosis in 2003–2004, a two El Niño Southern Oscillation period, Guadeloupe archipelago, French West Indies
Authors: STORCK C. HERRMANN , POSTIC D. , LAMAURY I. , PEREZ J. M. 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYOur study aimed at analysing the changes in epidemiological features of leptospirosis cases from the hospital of Pointe à Pitre in Guadeloupe in 2003–2004 compared to reliable data in 1994–2001. Leptospirosis incidence increased fourfold during 2002–2004, a period with two El Niño events. Whereas the main risk factors were unchanged (male gender, occupational exposure, contact with cattle or pigs) a major role of rodent exposure emerged (52%,P=0·02, multivariate analysis). Interestingly, mean age of cases shifted to the older population (51·7 yearsvs. 43 years,P<0·05). Moreover, the Ballum serogroup rose dramatically (36% of incidence) competing with the Icterohaemorragiae serogroup (62%). However, severe forms were less recorded. Our data suggest that the changes in leptospirosis features could be related to exceptional meteorological events and their consequences on rodent populations. We propose the monitoring of rodent population and climatic data as a tool of management of leptospirosis in Guadeloupe.
Endometriomas are more frequent on the left side
Authors: SZNURKOWSKI JACEK J. , EMERICH JANUSZ 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjective. To investigate whether asymmetry exists in the left‐ and right‐distribution of ovarian cystic lesions in women with endometriosis. Methods. We evaluated operative reports of women who underwent surgical treatment of endometrioma (n = 253) from January 1999 to December 2003. We included only those cases that had not been previously operated on (n = 234). Data of all operative findings consisted of a written report and a diagram, fulfilling the revised American Fertility Society Classification of endometriosis. Results. Endometrioma was found in the left ovary in 113 women, in the right ovary in 67, and bilaterally in 54. Left ovarian unilateral endometrioma was found more frequently (62.8%) than right endometrioma (p<0.001, odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9, 4.4). The frequencies of left and right ovarian endometrioma were compared with the expected 50% using Pearson's χ2‐test. The results confirmed asymmetry (p = 0.001). We found 4 cases of ovarian cancer associated with left endometrioma without histological proof of transition. Conclusion. Our results confirm a left lateral predisposition of endometrioma. This predisposition may be caused by the presence of the sigmoid colon in the left side of the pelvis, which decreases peritoneal fluid movement. Our findings may support the transplantation theory of the origin for endometriosis.
Consanguinity and the risk of hyperemesis gravidarum in Norway
Authors: GRJIBOVSKI ANDREJ M , VIKANES ÅSE , STOLTENBERG CAMILLA , MAGNUS PER 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a condition that occurs in the first half of pregnancy, and is manifested by severe vomiting, electrolyte disturbances and weight loss. Previous studies have suggested the potential role of genetic factors in the aetiology of HG. We hypothesise that consanguineous relations between parents increase the risk of HG due to the increased risk of homozygosity in HG‐associated alleles in a fetus. Moreover, we examine whether ethnic variations in the occurrence of HG can be attributed to consanguinity. Methods. All Norwegian, Pakistani and Turkish primiparous women with singleton pregnancies registered in the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry (MBRN) from 1967 to 2005 comprised the sample. Data on HG and potential confounders were obtained from MBRN. Multiple logistic regression was used to study associations between the degrees of relationship between women and their partners and the prevalence of HG. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results. The prevalence of HG was 0.9, 2.2 and 1.9% in Norwegian, Pakistani and Turkish women, respectively. Norwegian (OR =0.93; 95% CI: 0.42–2.09), Pakistani (OR =1.08; 95% CI: 0.68–1.74) and Turkish (OR =1.08; 95% CI: 0.44–2.67) women related to their partners as first cousins had similar risks of HG as non‐related women after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusions. Consanguinity was not associated with HG in this study. The differences in the occurrence of HG between Norwegian, Pakistani and Turkish women are not attributed to consanguinity.
Seroprevalence and genital DNA prevalence of HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 in a cohort of young Norwegian women: study design and cohort characteristics
Authors: SKJELDESTAD FINN EGIL , MEHTA VINAY , SINGS HEATHER L. , ØVRENESS TORBJØRN , TURPIN JENNIFER , SU LING , SKJELDESTAD FINN EGIL , MEHTA VINAY , SINGS HEATHER L. , ØVRENESS TORBJØRN , TURPIN JENNIFER , SU LING , BOERCKEL PATRICIA , ROBERTS CHRISTINE , BRYAN JANINE , JANSEN KATHRIN U. , SKJELDESTAD FINN EGIL , MEHTA VINAY , SINGS HEATHER L. , ØVRENESS TORBJØRN , TURPIN JENNIFER , SU LING , BOERCKEL PATRICIA , ROBERTS CHRISTINE , BRYAN JANINE , JANSEN KATHRIN U. , ESSER MARK T. , LIAW KAI‐LI 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground. Long‐term efficacy evaluations of a quadrivalent HPV type 6/11/16/18 vaccine are ongoing in the Nordic region. As there are limited epidemiological data on HPV infection in Norway, we determined prevalence and identified sociobehavioural correlates of HPV 6/11/16/18 infection in young Norwegian women. Methods. Norwegian (n = 898) women, aged 16–24 years, were enrolled in a 4‐year prospective study. At enrolment and at 6‐month intervals thereafter, an interview on behavioural data and a gynaecological examination were undertaken. Genital samples were tested for the L1, E6 and E7 genes of HPV‐6/11/16/18, and serum anti‐HPV‐6/11/16/18 levels were measured using a competitive Luminex immunoassay (cLIA). Results. DNA and seroprevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16 or 18 ranged from 0.9 to 16.3% and 2.6 to 16.2%, respectively; and most infected women (∼75%) were infected with only 1 type. Of the HPV DNA positive cases, 54.3, 50.0, 47.3 and 38.5% had detectable HPV 6, 11, 16 or 18 antibodies, respectively. More than 50% of the high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) cases were HPV‐16 or HPV‐18 DNA positive. Lifetime number of partners was the strongest and only predictor of sero‐ and DNA‐positivity across the 4 HPV types. Conclusion. Given the high prevalence of HPV infection among young women with mostly single‐type infection, and the fact that type‐specific HPV screening is not recommended prior to the administration of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine, our data suggest the importance of widespread, rather than targeted, immunisation.
Analysis of 127 peripartum hypoxic brain injuries from closed claims registered by the Danish Patient Insurance Association
Authors: HOVE LARS DAHLGAARD , BOCK JOHANNES , CHRISTOFFERSEN JENS KROGH , HEDEGAARD MORTEN 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground. One of the most feared complications in medicine is hypoxic brain damage to a newborn. The authors investigated the circumstances of registered peripartum hypoxic brain injuries in order to identify potential opportunities to improve patient safety and prevent injuries. Methods. The authors retrospectively investigated peripartum hypoxic brain injuries registered by the Danish Patient Insurance Association. Results. From 1992 to 2004, 127 approved claims concerning peripartum hypoxic brain injuries were registered and subsequently analysed. Thirty‐eight newborns died, and a majority of the 89 surviving children suffered from major handicaps, primarily cerebral palsy. In 69 of the cases, misinterpretation of or late action on an abnormal cardiotocography (CTG) were the reasons for the majority of the hypoxic brain injuries. Conclusions. All injuries could potentially have been avoided using established obstetric practice. CTGs are often misinterpreted. In the authors’ opinion, education and training in CTG interpretation is essential. The use of ST‐analysis of the fetus ECG (STAN) could probably reduce the number of these injuries.
Buried water molecules in helical transmembrane proteins
Authors: Renthal Robert 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBuried water molecules (having no contact with bulk solvent) in 30 helical transmembrane (TM) protein structures were identified. The average amount of buried water in helical TM proteins is about the same as for all water‐soluble (WS) proteins, but it is greater than the average for helical WS proteins. Buried waters in TM proteins make more polar contacts, and are more frequently found contacting helices than in WS proteins. The distribution of the buried water binding sites across the membrane profile shows that the sites to some extent reflect protein function. There is also evidence for asymmetry of the sites, with more in the extracellular half of the membrane. Many of the buried water contact sites are conserved across families of proteins, including family members having different functions. This suggests that at least some buried waters play a role in structural stabilization. Disease‐causing mutations, which are known to result in misfolded TM proteins, occur at buried water contact sites at a higher than random frequency, which also supports a stabilizing role for buried water molecules.
The biochemistry and biology of extracellular plant lipid‐transfer proteins (LTPs)
Authors: Yeats Trevor H. , Rose Jocelyn K.C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPlant lipid‐transfer proteins (LTPs) are abundant, small, lipid binding proteins that are capable of exchanging lipids between membranes in vitro. Despite their name, a role in intracellular lipid transport is considered unlikely, based on their extracellular localization. A number of other biological roles, including antimicrobial defense, signaling, and cell wall loosening, have been proposed, but conclusive evidence is generally lacking, and these functions are not well correlated with in vitro activity or structure. A survey of sequenced plant genomes suggests that the two biochemically characterized families of LTPs are phylogenetically restricted to seed plants and are present as substantial gene families. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of LTP biochemistry, as well as the evidence supporting the proposed in vivo roles of these proteins within the emerging post‐genomic framework.
A Clinical Study of Acute Pancreatitis following Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: ONO Ken , KOBAYASHI Shigeru , SAKAMOTO Kazuhiro , HAYASHIDA Yasuo , SAKAKIBARA Noburu 
Published: December 2007

Abstract: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been established as a safe and effective examination for patients with pancreatobiliary diseases. Pancreatitis following ERCP is an extremely rare complication. However, once pancreatitis occurs, patients may deteriorate developing a severe condition. This study was designed to investigate the cause of this pancreatitis with the aim of minimizing complications.Six hundred and forty‐nine patients underwent ERCP in our clinic, from January 1990 to December 1994. Six patients developed acute pancreatitis following the examination. Amounts of contrast medium used, examination durations, pancreatic duct diameters, the existence of chronic pancreatitis, the presence of para‐papillary diverticulum, and the use of a brushing procedure on the pancreatic duct are discussed in this study. There was no significant difference in the amount of contrast medium used, examination duration or pancreatic duct diameter. Chronic pancreatitis was not related to the occurrence of acute pancreatitis following ERCP (p = 0.1352). The presence of para‐papillary diverticulum was associated with a tendency to develop pancreatitis (p=0.0989). Use of the brushing procedure correlated significantly with the occurrence of acute pancreatitis (p= 0.0081). This technique is one of the most important methods of diagnosing pancreatic malignancy, and should be done with great care in examining cases of suspected malignancy.
Studies on Vascular Endothelial Cell Damage by Polidocanol in Relation to Concentration, Ethylene‐oxide Chain Length and Exposure Time
Authors: SHIMADA Hideo , MAKUUCHI Hiroyasu , MACHIMURA Takao , CHINO Osamu , TANAKA Hikaru , INOKUCHI Sadaki 
Published: December 2007

Abstract: In sclerotherapy for esophageal varices, the mechanism of intravariceal thrombus formation produced by a sclerosant (polidocanol, ethanolamine oleate, etc) is thought to be endothelial cell damage.Polidocanol (polyoxethylene monododecyl ether) has an average ethylene oxide chain length of 9 (ñ= 9) and is a non‐ionic surfactant. The extent of vascular endothelial cell damage is thought to be dependent on (1) the concentration (%) of polidocanol, (2) the length of ethylene oxide chains(n), and (3) the duration of exposure of endothelial cells to the sclerosant. Using these parameters, we evaluated the efficacy of sclerotherapy in two experimental systems employing cultured human endothelial cells and canine mesenteric veins. As the sclerosant concentration was increased, the extent of cell damage became greater, suggesting that thrombus formation can be more effectively induced with a higher concentration of sclerosant. As for the length of the ethylene oxide chains, a sclerosant with ñ=12 showed markedly reduced cytotoxicity as compared to those with ñ= 6 and ñ= 8. Cytotoxicity increased in proportion to the duration of exposure to the sclerosant, suggesting that exposure time is a key determinant of vascular endothelial cell damage. From these results, it is concluded that sclerotherapy for esophageal varices will be more effective if a high concentration of sclerosant is used for large varices with high blood flow, provided that a suitable ethylene oxide chain length is used and that the sclerosant is retained in the varices for 30–60 seconds.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) of Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: CHONAN Akimichi , MOCHIZUKI Fukuji , ANDO Masao , ATSUMI Minoru , MISHIMA Toshiyuki , FUJITA Naotaka , YUKI Toyohiko , ISHIDA Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2007

Abstract: We conducted this study to clarify the effectiveness of aspiration endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) using a cap‐fitted scope for early gastric cancer in the C and M regions of the stomach. EMR was performed in 111 early gastric cancer patients with 123 lesions in the C and M regions. The patients were divided into three groups. The EMR‐1CS group consisted of patients who had undergone EMR with a one‐channeled scope, the EMR‐2CS group those who had received EMR in which a two‐channeled scope was utilized. The EMRC group consisted of patients who had undergone aspiration EMR with a cap‐fitted scope.The rate of complete resection improved to a statistically significant degree in the EMRC group in comparison with that in the EMR‐1CS group. In type lie, a statistically significant improvement was achieved in the EMRC group in comparison with the EMR‐2CS group. In the M region or in lesions 10 mm or less in diameter, the rate of complete resection improved in the EMRC group as compared with that in the EMR‐2CS group. Our results suggest that EMRC is useful for lesions of early gastric cancer in the C and M regions.
Percutaneous Microwave Coagulation Therapy Using Cholangioscopy for Recanalizing Self‐expanding Metallic Stents Occluded by Tumor Ingrowth: Preliminary Results
Authors: MAETANI Irum , INOUE Hirokazu , OGAWA Satoshi , SATO Masahiro , IGARASHI Yoshinori , SAKAI Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2007

Abstract:Current ablative techniques for recanalizing self‐expanding metallic stents occluded by tumor ingrowth are limited by the risk of perforation or destruction of the stent filament. A previous experimental study revealed that microwave coagulation therapy for recanalizing occluded metal stents would be safe and effective, and we investigated the clinical application of this procedure. In this in vivo study, microwave coagulation therapy was performed for occluded metallic stents in 5 patients with pancreatic cancer and one patient with gallbladder cancer. This procedure was performed under percutaneous cholangioscopy and fluoroscopic control. Cumulative stent patency before and after microwave coagulation was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method supplemented with the log‐rank test. Tumor growing through the stent mesh was successfully removed without any complications using this technique. Analysis of stent patency did not reveal any significant difference between one session of coagulation therapy (115.0±18.4 days) and initial stent (102.3±.22.3 days). In contrast, none of the group after two sessions of this intervention was obstructed until their death. The results indicated that microwave coagulation therapy for recanalizing occluded metallic stent is effective and safe even in vivo. This procedure may be an alternative to placement of another stent through the occluded metallic stent. (Dig Endosc 1999; 11: 209–214)