bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementary prescribing: a new way of working for psychiatrists and nurses
Authors: Harborne Giles , Jones Adrian 
Published: March 2008

Aims and MethodTo describe the implementation of supplementary prescribing and nurse-led care in an acute in-patient unit. The issues of delegation and distribution of responsibility were explicitly addressed. Structures were developed for training and supervision, to ensure improved medicines management in the acute setting.ResultsWe present our five-step model of nurse-led in-patient care and our experience of using a clinical management plan for 33 patients.Clinical ImplicationsImplementation of supplementary prescribing provides a model for new ways of working, requiring engagement of both doctors and nurses, clear delegation and distribution of responsibilities, and well-developed governance structures.
The anatomically difficult primary total hip replacement
Authors: Biant L. C. , Bruce W. J. M. , Assini J. B. , Walker P. M. , Walsh W. R. 
Published: March 2008

This prospective study presents the ten-year (5 to 16) clinical and radiological results of 55 primary total hip replacements (THR) using a cementless modular femoral component (S-ROM). All patients had a significant anatomical abnormality which rendered the primary THR difficult. The mean Harris hip score was 36 (12 to 72) pre-operatively, 83 (44 to 100) at five years, and 85 (45 to 99) at ten years. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and short-form (SF)-12 scores were recorded from the year 2000. The mean SF-12 score at five years after surgery was 45.24 (22.74 to 56.58) for the physical component and 54.14 (29.20 to 66.61) for the mental component. By ten years the SF-12 scores were 42.86 (21.59 to 58.95) and 51.03 (33.78 to 61.40), respectively. The mean WOMAC score at five years post-operatively was 25 (0 to 59), and at ten years was 27 (2 to 70). No femoral components were radiologically loose, although five had osteolysis in Gruen zone 1, three had osteolysis in zone 7, and two showed osteolysis in both zones 1 and 7. No osteolysis was observed around or distal to the prosthetic sleeve. No femoral components were revised, although three hips underwent an acetabular revision and two required a liner exchange. At a mean of ten years’ follow-up the S-ROM femoral component implanted for an anatomically difficult primary THR has excellent clinical and radiological results.
Differences in length and cross-section of semitendinosus and gracilis tendons and their effect on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Pichler W. , Tesch N. P. , Schwantzer G. , Fronhöfer G. , Boldin C. , Hausleitner L. , Grechenig W. 
Published: March 2008

The purpose of this anatomical study was to explore the morphological variations of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons in length and cross-section and the statistical relationship between length, cross-section, and body height. We studied the legs of 93 humans in 136 cadavers. In 43 specimens (46.2%) it was possible to harvest the tendons from both legs. We found considerable differences in the length and cross-section of the semitendinosus and the gracilis tendons with a significant correlation between the two. A correlation between the length of the femur, reflecting height, and the length of the tendons was only observed in specimens harvested from women. The reason for this gender difference was unclear. Additionally, there was a correlation between the cross-sectional area of the tendons and the length of the femur. Surgeons should be aware of the possibility of encountering insufficient length of tendon when undertaking reconstructive surgery as a result of anatomical variations between patients.
The results of two-stage re-implantation for infected shoulder replacement
Authors: Strickland J. P. , Sperling J. W. , Cofield R. H. 
Published: March 2008

While frequently discussed as a standard treatment for the management of an infected shoulder replacement, there is little information on the outcome of two-stage re-implantation. We examined the outcome of 17 consecutive patients (19 shoulders) who were treated between 1995 and 2004 with a two-stage re-implantation for the treatment of a deep-infection after shoulder replacement. All 19 shoulders were followed for a minimum of two years or until the time of further revision surgery. The mean clinical follow-up was for 35 months (24 to 80). The mean radiological follow-up was 27 months (7 to 80). There were two excellent results, four satisfactory and 13 unsatisfactory. In 12 of the 19 shoulders (63%) infection was considered to be eradicated. The mean pain score improved from 4.2 (3 to 5 (out of 5)) to 1.8 (1 to 4). The mean elevation improved from 42° (0° to 140°) to 89° (0° to 165°), mean external rotation from 30° (0° to 90°) to 43° (0° to 90°), and mean internal rotation from the sacrum to L5. There were 14 complications. Our study suggests that two-stage re-implantation for an infected shoulder replacement is associated with a high rate of unsatisfactory results, marginal success at eradicating infection and a high complication rate.
Gender differences in epidemiology and outcome after hip fracture
Authors: Holt G. , Smith R. , Duncan K. , Hutchison J. D. , Gregori A. 
Published: March 2008

We report gender differences in the epidemiology and outcome after hip fracture from the Scottish Hip Fracture Audit, with data on admission and at 120 days follow-up from 22 orthopaedic units across the country between 1998 and 2005. Outcome measures included early mortality, length of hospital stay, 120-day residence and mobility. A multivariate logistic regression model compared outcomes between genders. The study comprised 25 649 patients of whom 5674 (22%) were men and 19 975 (78%) were women. The men were in poorer pre-operative health, despite being younger at presentation (mean 77 years (60 to 101) vs 81 years (50 to 106)). Pre-fracture residence and mobility were similar between genders. Multivariate analysis indicated that the men were less likely to return to their home or mobilise independently at the 120-day follow-up. Mortality at 30 and 120 days was higher for men, even after differences in case-mix variables between genders were considered.
Obesity in total hip replacement
Authors: Andrew J. G. , Palan J. , Kurup H. V. , Gibson P. , Murray D. W. , Beard D. J. 
Published: March 2008

A prospective, multi-centre study was carried out on 1421 total hip replacements between January 1999 and July 2007 to examine if obesity has an effect on clinical outcomes. The patients were categorised into three groups: non-obese (body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2), obese (BMI 30 to 40 kg/m2) and morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2). The primary outcome measure was the change in Oxford hip score at five years. Secondary outcome measures included dislocation and revision rates, increased haemorrhage, deep infection, deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, mean operating time and length of hospital stay. Radiological analysis assessing heterotopic ossification, femoral osteolysis and femoral stem positioning was performed. Data were incomplete for 362 hips (25.5%) There was no difference in the change in the Oxford hip score, complication rates or radiological changes at five years between the groups. The morbidly obese group was significantly younger and required a significantly longer operating time. Obese and morbidly obese patients have as much to gain from total hip replacement as non-obese patients.
Rotatorischer MRF-Aktor für einen Türassistenten (Rotary MRF-Actuator for an Automotive Door Assistent)
Authors: Wiehe Ansgar , Kern Simon , Maas Jürgen 
Published: March 2008

Aktoren auf Basis magnetorheologischer Fluide zeichnen sich durch eine hochdynamische und weitgehend lineare Verstellung der Schubspannung aus und stellen deshalb eine interessante Alternative zu konventionellen Bremsen, Kupplungen und Dämpfern dar. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird ein rotatorischer MRF-Aktor modellgestützt entworfen, der sich insbesondere für die Bewegungssteuerung von Türen und Klappen in Fahrzeugen eignet.
Actuators based on magnetorheological fluids offer a high dynamical and almost linear force generation and represent therefore an interesting alternative for conventional brakes, clutches und dampers. In this paper a model-based design of a rotary MRF-actuator is described. The designed actuator is especially suited for the motion control of automotive doors.
Genetic Assessment of Lake Sturgeon Population Structure in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Welsh Amy , Hill Tracy , Quinlan Henry , Robinson Charmaine , May Bernie 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Many populations of lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens have decreased in size throughout the Great Lakes basin. To implement management strategies such as stocking, it is important to understand the genetic structure of lake sturgeon spawning populations. Lake sturgeon from 27 spawning locations (25 from the Great Lakes basin and 2 from the Hudson Bay drainage) were analyzed using 12 microsatellite loci. Population structure was detected at different spatial scales. At the largest scale, consistent genetic breaks were observed among three clusters of spawning populations: (1) Hudson Bay–northern Lake Superior, (2) southern Lake Superior, and (3) the rest of the Great Lakes. These clusters were identified using a Bayesian approach that does not define the populations a priori. Within each of the three clusters, sublevels of genetic structure were detected. These sublevel clusters accounted for 8.82% of the genetic variation (P &lt; 0.000), while differences among populations within the clusters accounted for 3.72% of the genetic variation (P &lt; 0.000). At the smallest scale, significant genetic differentiation was detected between most sampled locations through pairwise genetic differentiation index (FST) tests and pairwise contingency tests. Lake sturgeon showed greater genetic differentiation in Lake Superior than elsewhere, which could be due to the lake's bathymetry. The lower genetic resolution observed elsewhere in the Great Lakes could be due to more recent colonization events. The results can be used to delineate management units and to select appropriate donor populations for supplementation or reintroductions.
Forecasting Walleye Abundance in Northern Wisconsin Lakes
Authors: Madsen Eric R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Seventeen variations of a modified statistical catch-at-age model were applied to annual spawning adult mark–recapture population estimates (PEs) for walleye Sander vitreus from seven mixed-fishery lakes in northern Wisconsin. In addition, 15 variations were applied to annual PEs for walleyes age 3 and older from Escanaba Lake. The model variations included different mortality, selectivity, and catchability assumptions, as well as different data weightings, averaging of forecasts, and naïve models using limited data. Population forecasts were examined retrospectively for each model variation to evaluate whether they were accurate enough to use as a basis for setting harvest quotas. Models were ranked according to how closely the forecasts matched the PEs and the abundance estimates fitted using all available data. A model that used estimated mortality and averaging of forecasts performed best for the large mixed-fishery lakes, and a model that used fixed mortality and downweighted age composition data performed best for the small mixed-fishery lakes. These model forecasts can be considered for setting harvest quotas on the mixed-fishery lakes since they performed better than the naïve models, but the improvements were modest. For the large mixed-fishery lakes, the mean absolute deviation and mean deviation of the forecasts from the PEs were 38% and 13%, respectively, for the naïve model using the previous year's PE as the forecast and 31% and 3%, respectively, for the best model; for the small mixed-fishery lakes, these deviations were 34% and 16%, respectively, for this naïve model and 36% and 12%, respectively, for the best model. A naïve model using the previous year's fitted abundance as the forecast performed best for Escanaba Lake. Model forecasts performed poorly for Escanaba Lake, mostly because of the age composition of the population being estimated.
Factors Affecting Catch-and-Release Mortality of Bluefish
Authors: Fabrizio Mary C. , Scharf Frederick S. , Shepherd Gary R. , Rosendale John E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Recreational harvests of bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix along the U.S. coast from Maine to Florida exceed commercial harvests, and in recent years about 60–70% of angler-captured fish are released alive. The proportion of fish that survive hooking, handling, and release back to the ocean is unknown; however, if catch-and-release mortality is high, it may represent a significant component of the overall bluefish mortality rate. We estimated long-term (21-d) hooking mortality rates of field-captured bluefish and investigated the effects of various factors on postrelease mortality. Age, length, and the occurrence of bleeding were significant factors associated with catch-and-release mortality, which we estimated to be 38.8%. About 65% of the mortality was initial mortality, and the remainder was delayed mortality. We also performed a laboratory study to examine the physiological response of bluefish to two independent processes (hooking and release versus transfer in coolers to the laboratory) relevant to the field study. Laboratory-held fish that were hooked and released exhibited elevated concentrations of potassium in their blood, suggesting that they experienced either an osmotic imbalance or cellular damage. Laboratory-held fish exposed to the transfer treatment only exhibited osmotic imbalance (elevated plasma sodium concentration) and evidence of anaerobic metabolism (elevated plasma lactate concentration). Our findings indicate that bluefish age and size contribute to variable levels of metabolic stress and that delayed postrelease mortality is considerable.
Genetic Assessment of Sheepshead Stock Structure in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Morphological Divergence in the Face of Gene Flow
Authors: Anderson Joel D. , Karel William J. , Anderson Kathryn A. , Roper-Foo Pilar A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Strategies for conservation and management of marine species are increasingly relying on molecular genetic data for the delineation of independent fishery stocks. These data may be more reliable and less subjective than morphological or ecological variables, although their biological interpretations can be problematic. Here, we review existing morphological data synergistically with a new molecular data set for sheepsheads Archosargus probatocephalus. Two named subspecies of sheepshead exist in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (A. probatocephalus probatocephalus and A. probatocephalus oviceps). Although these subspecies exhibit divergent morphology, it is unclear whether morphological divergence represents meaningful differentiation for management. We show that frequency distributions of each of five meristic counts are significantly different between the subspecies (P &lt; 0.05). However, Bayesian structure analysis of microsatellite genotypes indicated that all Gulf of Mexico sheepshead populations constitute a single stock (posterior probability ≈ 0.9999). Variance partitioning of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes suggests significant but limited divergence between subspecies (genetic differentiation index FST = 0.036, P &lt; 0.005). Patterns of pairwise mtDNA genetic distance and microsatellite divergence suggest that isolation by distance, rather than subdivision among independent genetic stocks, is driving the significance of variance analyses. Overall, sheepshead molecular genetic data indicate very limited genetic subdivision between the subspecies despite considerable divergence of morphological characters. These results have multiple interpretations, each of which carries implications for the management of this species in the Gulf of Mexico.
Estimating Stock Composition of Anadromous Fishes from Mark–Recovery Data: Possible Application to American Shad
Authors: Hoenig John M. , Latour Robert J. , Olney John E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Information on the stock composition of mixed-stock fisheries is often needed to develop management regulations for anadromous fishes. Although several methods can be used to infer stock composition, marking studies have long been identified as a promising approach. Hatchery-reared larval American shad Alosa sapidissima are marked with a river-specific mark and released in stock enhancement programs along the U.S. East Coast. We describe and apply a mark–recovery method for inferring the proportion of the catch in a mixed-stock fishery that originates from a particular river. The method is based on comparing the proportion of the mixed-stock catch with marks from the river with the proportion of the fish returning to the river with marks. We explore the utility of using mass marking of hatchery-reared American shad larvae with tetracycline to determine the stock composition of mixed-stock fisheries of American shad in Virginia. Our analysis focuses on the impact of the former Virginia coastal ocean fishery on fish produced in the James and Pamunkey rivers, Virginia, and on the impact of bycatch in Chesapeake Bay pound nets on Susquehanna River American shad. Our results suggest that the coastal ocean fishery harvested relatively small proportions of the James and Pamunkey River stocks and that few American shad captured in pound nets sampled in Chesapeake Bay were from the Susquehanna River system.
Efficacy of motor cortex stimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain: a randomized double-blind trial
Authors: Velasco Francisco , Argüelles Carlos , Carrillo-Ruiz José D. , Castro Guillermo , Velasco Ana Luisa , Jiménez Fiacro , Velasco Marcos 
Published: March 2008

Object
In this study the authors used a double-blind protocol to assess the efficacy of motor cortex stimulation (MCS) for treating neuropathic pain.

Methods
Eleven patients with unilateral neuropathic pain (visual analog scale [VAS] score 8–10) of different origins and topography were selected for MCS. A 20-contact grid was implanted through a craniotomy centered over the motor cortex contralateral to the painful area. The motor cortex strip was identified using neuroimages, somatosensory evoked potentials, acute electrical stimulation, and corticocortical evoked potentials. Subacute therapeutic stimulation trials allowed the authors to determine the most efficient pair of contacts to use for long-term MCS. The grid was replaced with a 4-contact electrode connected to an internalized stimulator. Bipolar stimulation at a 40-Hz frequency, 90-μsec pulse width, amplitude 2–7 V, and 1 hour in “ON” and 4 hours in “OFF” mode was used. Pain was evaluated using the VAS, Bourhis, and McGill pain scales applied each month for 1 year. At Day 60 or 90, the stimulators were turned to OFF mode for 30 days in a randomized, double-blind fashion. The statistical tool used was the Wilcoxon test.

Results
Three patients did not report improvement in the subacute trial and were excluded from long-term MCS; the remaining patients underwent long-term stimulation. Significant improvement of pain was induced by MCS (p < 0.01); this persisted during the follow-up period. Turning stimulation to OFF mode increased pain significantly (p < 0.05). Improvement at 1 year was ≥ 40% (40–86%) in all cases.

Conclusions
Motor cortex stimulation is an efficient treatment for neuropathic pain, according to an evaluation facilitated by a double-blind maneuver. Subacute stimulation trials are recommended to determine the optimum motor cortex area to be stimulated and to identify nonresponders.
Intraoperative acquisition of three-dimensional imaging for frameless stereotactic guidance during transsphenoidal pituitary surgery using the Arcadis Orbic System
Authors: Fox W. Christopher , Wawrzyniak Scott , Chandler William F. 
Published: March 2008

Object
Intraoperative fluoroscopy has long been used for anatomical localization in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. More recently, frameless stereotaxy has been used to supplement 2D sagittal radiographs with 3D multiplanar reconstructions. Use of Arcadis Orbic allows both conventional fluoroscopic views and multiplanar reconstructions to be acquired intraoperatively without need for preoperative planning studies. The authors report their initial experience using Arcadis Orbic during transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Methods
To test the system, the authors placed a dehydrated human skull in a radiolucent head holder, and obtained standard 2D fluoroscopic images of the skull base and sella turcica. Arcadis Orbic was then used with frameless stereotaxy to register 3D multiplanar reconstructed images of skull base anatomy. The authors then used Arcadis Orbic in 26 transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resections and compared image quality, accuracy, and ease-of-use to standard techniques.

Results
Arcadis Orbic 2D fluoroscopic images matched or exceeded the quality of images acquired by standard C-arm machines. Arcadis Orbic multiplanar reconstructions provided excellent images of the skull base when compared with preoperative Stealth computed tomography (CT) studies. Intraoperative frameless stereotactic navigation using Arcadis Orbic was highly accurate and more reliable than registering preoperative CT images.

Conclusions
Arcadis Orbic provides excellent quality 2- and 3D images during transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, and intraoperative frameless navigation using these images is highly accurate. Arcadis Orbic is easy to use, even in patients with large body habitus, and image acquisition takes no longer than registration during a frameless stereotactic case. Based upon our preliminary experience, Arcadis Orbic precludes the need for preoperative CT studies in patients with pituitary lesions requiring frameless stereotactic navigation.
Selective denervation of the levator scapulae muscle: an amendment to the Bertrand procedure for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis
Authors: Anderson William S. , Lawson Herman Christopher , Belzberg Allan J. , Lenz Frederick A. 
Published: March 2008

Object
The purpose of this cadaveric study was to explore a modification to the Bertrand procedure for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis, namely the denervation of the levator scapulae (LS) muscle for laterocollis.

Methods
The authors performed a series of 9 cadaveric dissections. Five were done to identify the anterior innervation of the LS, and the remaining 4 were to identify the tendinous insertions of the LS onto the lateral masses of the cervical spine via a posterior approach. The nerve supply to the LS from the anterior divisions of the C-3 and C-4 nerve roots and the contribution from the dorsal scapular nerve were identified over the anterior surface of the muscle.

Results
The C-3 and C-4 nerve root branches were situated within 2 cm of each other and inferior to the punctum nervosum. The dorsal scapular contribution was clearly identified in 2 cadavers. Selective denervation of this muscle is possible through the same posterior triangle incision used for denervating the sternocleidomastoid muscle of its accessory nerve branches. This approach will be helpful in patients with laterocollis contralateral to the direction of chin turning. The authors compare this approach to the posterior approach for sectioning the insertions of the LS muscle onto the C1–4 posterior tubercles. The latter approach is appropriate for ipsilateral laterocollis.

Conclusions
The posterior triangle approach for denervating the LS muscle is a safe and easy addition to the Bertrand procedure and can be helpful in selected cases of torticollis with a laterocollis component.