bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female urethral strictures: successful management with long‐term clean intermittent catheterization after urethral dilatation
Authors: SMITH ARIANA L. , FERLISE VICTOR J. , ROVNER ERIC S. 
Published: June 2006

OBJECTIVETo report our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of urethral stricture in women.PATIENTS AND METHODSA retrospective review of records and video‐urodynamics identified women treated for urethral stricture between 1999 and 2004 at one institution by one surgeon. Urethral stricture was defined as a fixed anatomical narrowing between the bladder neck and distal urethra of <14 F preventing catheterization, and the diagnosis was confirmed by cysto‐urethroscopy, and/or video‐urodynamics. Women with a history of external beam radiotherapy to the pelvis, or of gynaecological, urethral or bladder malignancy, were excluded, and the women had a urethral biopsy to exclude a malignant cause of the stricture. Initial treatment consisted of urethral dilatation to ≥ 30 F. After a period of indwelling catheterization, the women were placed on clean intermittent self‐catheterization (CISC) at least once daily, and monitored every 3–6 months. At each follow‐up, the urethra was catheterized to exclude recurrence. American Urological Association (AUA) symptom scores were obtained at presentation and at the initial 3 month follow‐up.RESULTSSeven women met the criteria for urethral stricture, and were followed for a mean (range) of 21 (6–34) months. All were initially maintained on daily CISC, and some were gradually reduced to weekly CISC for the duration of follow‐up. No patient had a recurrent stricture while on CISC, and none has had a urethral reconstruction to manage their condition. AUA symptom scores improved in all of the women by a mean of 10.7 points. No complications related to catheterization were noted.CONCLUSIONUrethral stricture is rare in women. Long‐term CISC in these women is safe and effective, and can avoid the need for major reconstructive surgery.
Ergotamine use in severe diabetic autonomic neuropathy
Authors: Toh V. , Duncan E. , Lewis N. , Fichter L. , Matthews D. R. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground  Symptomatic postural hypotension in diabetes is uncommon. When it does occur, it can prove debilitating and difficult to treat. We report here the therapeutic challenges encountered in managing a patient with severe postural hypotension secondary to diabetes‐related autonomic neuropathy.Case report  A 69‐year‐old gentleman with a 23‐year history of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple microvascular complications was admitted with symptoms of severe postural hypotension. Cardiovascular autonomic testing confirmed the presence of severe autonomic neuropathy. He failed to respond to non‐pharmacological measures, fludrocortisone, midodrine, octreotide, erythropoietin and increased caffeine intake. Eventually he was commenced on half a Cafergot suppository (giving him a dose of ergotamine 1 mg and caffeine 50 mg) which resulted in dramatic clinical improvement.Conclusion  Ergotamine may be considered in refractory cases of postural hypotension.
Mixing immiscible blends in an intermeshing counter‐rotating twin screw extruder
Authors: Potluri Ramesh , Todd David , Gogos Costas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDomain size of 10% dispersed polystyrene in polyethylene was followed in a 34‐mm intermeshing counter‐rotating twin screw extruder. Variables studied included the effects of barrel temperature, screw speed, viscosity ratio of dispersed‐to‐continuous phase, and parallel melt versus preblended solids feeds. After steady state was achieved, die samples were quenched for later photomicrographing. The extruder was then stopped and quenched, with subsequent pulling of the screws. From 7 to 12 additional samples were taken along the 18/1 L/D extruder for determination of the mechanism of dispersion and dispersed phase domain size by optical microscopy. At low temperatures, the polystyrene tended to fracture with sharp edges. The fine particles formed in the initial breakup underwent no further size reduction. At higher temperatures, fractured segments had rounder edges, but the size of the small domains remained constant throughout the axial length. There was some evidence of flocculation and coalescence prior to exit through the die. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25: 81–89, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20065
Hydrate formation using water spraying onto a cooled solid surface in a guest gas
Authors: Matsuda Sadatoshi , Tsuda Hidehiko , Mori Yasuhiko H. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAn experimental study has been performed involving water spraying onto a cooled metal‐block surface exposed to a hydrate‐forming gas as a means of high‐rate hydrate formation for the purpose of, for example, natural‐gas storage. Special attention has been paid to the effectiveness of conductive cooling through the metal block for directly removing the heat released by the hydrate formation from its site, that is, the surface of the metal block, and, thereby, increasing the rate of hydrate formation. HFC‐32 (CH2F2) that forms a structure‐I hydrate at moderate pressures was used as a model gas to enable visual observations of the hydrate formation inside a large‐windowed spray chamber. The experiments revealed that the cooling by the metal block effectively increases the rate of hydrate formation while water is sprayed at a given volumetric rate and at a given degree of subcooling from the guest‐gas/water/hydrate equilibrium temperature. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Mourning and progressive politics after 9/11
Authors: Moglen Seth 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis article offers a fundamental revision and expansion of the Freudian model of object loss in order to develop conceptual tools for analyzing contemporary American militarism and its political alternatives. The Bush administration's so‐called “war on terror” rests on the disavowal of losses suffered by Americans after the 9/11 bombings and on the displacement of anger that accompanied those losses. In response, progressive anti‐war politics today should promote a process of social mourning. Such a process will require the cultivation of a culture in which more Americans can tolerate a realistic ambivalence towards a nation that is, in part, responsible for the violence it has suffered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weapons of mass destruction found in Iraq
Authors: Davis Walter 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis essay focuses on the US use of depleted uranium in Iraq as a war crime repressed by the media. The use of this weaponry is seen as continuous with the death drive that shapes American society. The essay argues that in order to understand this condition we must overcome all the ideological and metaphysical guarantees that blind us to the contingency of history. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding competing application usage with the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Lin Julian , Chan Hock Chuan , Wei Kwok Kee 
Published: June 2006

AbstractUser acceptance models such as the technology acceptance model, the theory of reasoned action, and the theory of planned behavior have been widely used to study a specific information system, a group of systems, or even computers in general. This study examines the usage of competitive information systems. It applies the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in a comparative frame of reference model (relative model) in which relative attitude, relative subjective norm, relative intention, and relative usage are examined. The study is set in the context of two instant messaging technologies. Based on a survey from 300 instant messaging users, the effects of attitude and subjective norm on intention in each model were different (i.e., when TPB is tested once for each application). This confirms that the behavioral model can show different effects for competitive products. In addition, correct competitive answers were given by the relative model; however, these may differ from the answers found from a single application model. The authors show the importance of studying the relative model for competitive products.
Der wassergefüllte Zielschacht – Ein Verfahren zur Beendigung von Schildvortrieben
Authors: Flath Thomas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDer maschinelle Tunnelbau mit Vortriebsschilden und mit aktiver Ortsbruststützung hat in den letzten Jahren weltweit rasant zugenommen. Dies gilt auch für Schildvortriebe mit sehr großen Durchmessern über 10 m.Zur planmäßigen Beendigung eines Schildvortriebs mit aktiver Ortsbruststützung, d.h. sehr oft bei Vortrieben unterhalb des Grundwasserspiegels, sind besondere Verfahrensabläufe und Maßnahmen notwendig, um die Vortriebsanlage in Baugruben bergen zu können. Eine vorteilhafte Möglichkeit, die sich auch bei sehr großen Vortriebsdurchmessern bewährt hat, ist das Verfahren mit wassergefülltem Zielschacht (Druckausgleichsmethode, Ground water balance method). Hierbei wird ein vorab erstellter Zielschacht für das Vortriebsende planmäßig geflutet, um einen Ausgleich mit dem anstehenden Grundwasser zu erreichen und damit einen hydraulischen Gradienten zu verhindern.Die bei der Schildeinfahrt in den Zielschacht verfahrensbedingt mögliche Wasserwegigkeit – entlang des Schildmantels – wird durch den Ausgleich der Wasserspiegel verhindert.
Dünnschichtiger Oberflächenabtrag von Beton in kerntechnischen Anlagen
Authors: Gentes Sascha 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDer dünnschichtige Abtrag von Betonschichten oder auch Anstrichen stellt beim Rückbau von kerntechnischen Anlagen einen Arbeitsschwerpunkt dar, ebenso der kleinflächige Abtrag von sogenannten Hotspots. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Grundträgergerät entwickelt, das autark an Wänden und Decken klettern und arbeiten kann. Dieses Trägersystem kann mit verschiedenen Werkzeugen bestückt werden.Der große Vorteil dieses neuartigen Systems liegt in der kompakten Bausweise (Grundfläche etwa 1,4 m2) und der freien Bewegungsmöglichkeit, ohne eine aufwendige Tragkonstruktion. Die sonst übliche Rüstzeit kann komplett entfallen, das Gerät kann durch Türöffnungen transportiert und direkt eingesetzt werden.
Beitrag zur Qualitätssicherung im Erdbau
Authors: Rückert Horst 
Published: June 2006

AbstractZur Qualitätskontrolle im Erdbau wird üblicherweise der Verdichtungsgrad DPr benutzt. In dem Beitrag wird an einem schwachbindigen Boden gezeigt, daß neben dem Wassergehalt w nicht der Verdichtungsgrad, sondern die Verdichtungsarbeit W von maßgebendem Einfluß auf die Kennwerte der Scherfestigkeit, der Zusammendrückbarkeit und der Wasserdurchlässigkeit ist. Wie die bei der Bodenverdichtung in‐situ eingebrachte Verdichtungsarbeit zu bestimmen ist, wird angegeben. Mit den aufgestellten Formeln und Grafiken kann eine näherungsweise Ermittlung der in‐situ vorhandenen Bodenkennwerte vorgenommen werden, wozu die ermittelten Werte der Verdichtungsarbeit benötigt werden.
Beitrag zum Nachweis gegen Geländebruch
Authors: Gebhard Peter 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDiskussionsbeitrag zu: El‐Mossallamy, Y., Löschner, J. : Beitrag zur Standsicherheit von Böschungen nach DIN 1054 – Januar 2005. Bautechnik 83 (2006), S. 288–289.
Irinotecan‐eluting stents inhibited neointimal proliferation in hypercholesterolemic rabbit aortas
Authors: Berrocal Daniel H. , González Germán E. , Morales Celina , Gelpi Ricardo J. , Grinfeld Liliana R. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective:To assess the effect of irinotecan‐eluting stents (IS) on neointimal growth in the aortas of hypercholesterolemic rabbits and to determine other local histopathological effects such as necrosis, fibrin, and inflammatory reaction.Methods:Phosphorylcholine‐coated stents were deployed in the aortas of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Group 1 (control; n = 8) received unloaded stents, group 2 (n = 7) and group 3 (n = 9) received IS with 0.046 mg and 1.29 mg of irinotecan, respectively. Eight weeks after implantation the rabbits were killed. Neointimal thickness (NT) was assessed by morphometry. Semiquantitative injury score (from 0 to 3+) was used to analyze inflammatory infiltrate, fibrin deposits, and necrosis in the stented segments.Results:NT was reduced only in high‐doses IS (G1, 167.4 ± 20.8 μ; G2, 170.24 ± 21.2 μ; G3, 111.56 ± 12.7 μ; P < 0.05, G3 vs G1 and G2). Necrosis decreased significantly with IS [1.00 ± 0.10 in G1 to 0.33 ± 0.07 and 0.02 ± 0.01 in G2 and G3, respectively] only in the media layer. The inflammatory infiltrate was present in the three layers of aortas from G1, but only decreased significantly in the intimae layer of the high‐dose group [1.50 ± 0.15 in G1 vs 1.00 ± 0.18 in G3, P < 0.05].Conclusion:Stents loaded with high‐dose irinotecan inhibit NT in the aortas of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. This effect was accompanied by decreased inflammatory infiltrate and media necrosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of in‐stent stenosis in small children with congenital heart disease using multi‐detector computed tomography: A validation study
Authors: Eichhorn Joachim G. , Long Frederick R. , Hill Sharon L. , O'Donovan Julie , Chisolm Joanne L. , Fernandez Soledad A. , Cheatham John P. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectives: Our purpose was to investigate the diagnostic reliability of multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) in assessing in‐stent stenosis compared to digital angiography (DA) in small children. Background: Little is known about the feasibility of using MDCT to assess stents placed to treat children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: Twenty‐two children (median age [range], 2¾ [½ to 12] years) with 42 transcatheter placed stents (median diameter: 7.2 [3.4–16.3] mm) in the pulmonary arteries (n = 36), aorta (2), PDA (1), and SVC (3) underwent both MDCT and DA due to suspected hemodynamic problems. Results: Independent “blinded” observers were able to measure stent and minimal luminal diameters in 115 out of 124 (93%) stent segments on MDCT and DA. The interobserver variability was low (mean difference: 0.5, SD 0.8 mm) with high correlation (r = 0.97; P < .0001). The percent stenosis by MDCT correlated well with DA (r = 0.89, P < .0001; mean error 2.7, SD 10.4%). For all grades of stenosis, the sensitivity and specificity for MDCT were 58% and 97%, respectively. At a threshold of ∼≥20% stenosis sensitivity became >98%. All stent associated complications [fracture (4), vascular narrowings (11)] were diagnosed by MDCT. As the stent diameter increased, there was significantly reduced variability between MDCT and DA for in‐stent stenosis (P < .0001). Conclusion: In small children, MDCT is a feasible and promising method for assessing stent associated complications in the treatment of CHD. Cardiac surgeons and interventional cardiologists might rely on this imaging modality to plan specific interventions more precisely and to assess the results upon follow up. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter polytetrafluoroethylene‐covered stent implantation in a giant coronary artery aneurysm of a child with Kawasaki disease—A potential novel treatment
Authors: Waki Kenji , Baba Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe report a case of an eight‐year‐old boy with Kawasaki disease (KD) who had a giant aneurysm with stenotic lesions located in the right coronary artery, and was treated by transcatheter implantation of a polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)‐covered stent. Follow‐up coronary angiography showed good coronary blood flow. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first child with KD who underwent covered‐stent implantation in a coronary aneurysm. Although close follow‐up is mandatory, because the long‐term outcome is unclear, implantation of a covered stent in a giant aneurysm appears to be a promising treatment option. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of continuous flow centrifugation on measurements of trace elements in river water: intrinsic contamination and particle fragmentation
Authors: Rossé Patrick , Vignati Davide , Dominik Janusz 
Published: June 2006

AbstractContinuous flow centrifugation (CFC) is a well‐established technique used in natural surface water studies to collect large amounts of suspended solids, thus allowing a broad spectrum of measurements. However, a potential contamination or changes in the particle size distribution during the centrifugation may restrain the use of CFC effluents for element analysis in the colloidal and dissolved fractions. In this paper we evaluate the possibility of using the effluent of a Westfalia centrifuge (type KA2‐06‐075, 9700 rpm) for such analysis. This evaluation is based on two laboratory experiments with deionized and tap water and two field experiments in rivers. Elemental concentration changes across the CFC were assessed from the CFC influent and effluent after a filtration at 0·45 µm. Significant increases were found, mainly in the field experiments at a high suspended solids level and a slightly acid pH. A hypothesis was made on the origin of these increases as a superposition of a centrifuge intrinsic contamination and a particle fragmentation effect. A numerical model based on elemental concentration measurements (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) gave a particle fragmentation level of 0·55% (mass percentage of particles broken up into smaller fragments during centrifugation). In another experiment, a direct particle counting (single particle counter) shows an excess of particles smaller than 500 nm in the CFC effluent, corresponding to a fragmentation level of 0·11%. In consequence, the use of CFC effluent for element analysis is possible in low‐turbidity river or lake waters, but should be carefully considered in waters with high suspended matter contents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of groundwater use by crop production simulated by DSSAT‐wheat and DSSAT‐maize models in the piedmont region of the North China Plain
Authors: Yang Yonghui , Watanabe Masataka , Zhang Xiying , Hao Xiaohua , Zhang Jiqun 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSustainable water use is in serious crisis in the piedmont region of the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain, owing to rapid groundwater drawdown. Estimating the water requirement for agriculture, the biggest user of groundwater, will be helpful in understanding groundwater decline. Through the use of DSSAT‐3·5 wheat and maize models, we assessed water use in winter wheat and maize, two staple crops in the region, in 1987–2001. Trends between groundwater change and simulated agricultural water use were compared. The results showed that groundwater decline was sensitive to simulated crop water requirement and irrigation requirement. According to regression analysis, 100 mm of water requirement by cultivated land (mainly wheat and maize) resulted in about 0·64 m of groundwater decline. This relationship might be useful in understanding the regional water balance and to help decision‐makers control groundwater decline through controlling crop water use or through long‐distance water transfer. The study demonstrated the usefulness of using the DSSAT model for estimating crop water use and the effectiveness of clarifying the reason for groundwater decline using the simulation results of water use. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal, spatially distributed modelling of accumulation and melting of snow for computing runoff in a long‐term, large‐basin water balance model
Authors: Kling Harald , Fürst Josef , Nachtnebel Hans Peter 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn mountainous regions of mid latitudes, the accumulation and melting of snow plays an important role for the seasonal water balance. These processes not only exhibit a strong seasonality, but also a high spatial variability, which has to be accounted for when establishing distributed water balances in alpine environments. A methodology was developed for seasonal, spatially distributed modelling of accumulation and melting of snow and was embedded in a water balance model that uses only monthly values of precipitation and air temperature as meteorological input data. Hence, this methodology can also be applied in regions with limited data availability. The model uses a conceptual approach with a spatial resolution of a 1 km × 1 km raster. Snow accumulation is computed from temperature and precipitation data. Snowmelt is computed with a temperature‐index approach. A direct application of these simple concepts using monthly inputs would not yield satisfying results. Therefore, precipitation is disaggregated into rainfall and snowfall by using a transition range considering temporal variations of temperature within a month and the mean deviation of temperature on days with and without precipitation. For modelling snowmelt, two different approaches were tested to incorporate variable temperatures within a month. The model was applied for the whole of Austria (84 000 km2) and simulated runoff was compared with observed runoff at 135 gauges for a 30 year period. The model performs best in high and medium mountainous catchments. Lower model performances are achieved in lowland catchments, where the contribution of snowmelt to river runoff decreases. It can be concluded that modelling accumulation and melting of snow in mountainous areas with monthly data yields good results if a temporal disaggregation of precipitation and temperature is applied. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient phenol removal of wastewater from phenolic resin plants using crosslinked cyclodextrin particles
Authors: Yamasaki Hirohito , Makihata Yousuke , Fukunaga Kimitoshi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRemoval of phenolic compounds from a raw industrial wastewater from phenolic resin processing, of which the components are phenol (8.9 wt%), m‐ and p‐cresols (0.33 wt%), and xylenols (0.044 wt%), was carried out by using crosslinked cyclodextrin particles as a sorbent. A series of sorbents was prepared by varying the combination of cyclodextrin (CyD), β‐CyD, γ‐CyD, Mix‐CyD (α‐CyD:β‐CyD:γ‐CyD:dextrin = 30:10:10:50 wt/wt), the crosslinker, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or toluene‐2,6‐diisocyanate, and their molar ratio in the reaction batch. The removal of the phenolic compounds from raw industrial wastewater was an instantaneous process and was completed within about 5 min. The best removal efficiency was obtained by the crosslinked β‐CyD with HDI in a 1:8 molar ratio or the crosslinked Mix‐CyD with HDI, also in a 1:8 molar ratio. The prepared sorbents were efficiently regenerated by elution of the adsorbed phenols from the crosslinked polymers with methanol. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry