bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotid body tumors: A review of 30 patients with 46 tumors
Authors: Netterville James L. , Reilly Kathleen M. , Robertson David , Reiber Mark E. , Armstrong William B. , Childs Prudence 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMinimal morbidity occurs with resection of most carotid body tumors (CBT). With larger tumors significant injury to the cranial nerves has been reported. In order to assess the operative sequelae rate, 30 patients with CBT were reviewed. Sixteen patients either presented with bilateral carotid body tumors or had previously undergone a resection of the contralateral carotid body tumors, for a total carotid body tumor count of 46. Sixteen patients demonstrated a familial pattern while 14 were nonfamilial. Within the familial group, 14 of 16 presented with multiple paragangliomas as compared to 6 of 14 in the nonfamilial group. Tumor size ranged from 0.8 to 12 cm. Vascular replacement occurred in 2 of 20 patients with tumors <5.0 cm, compared with 5 of 9 with tumors >5.0 cm. Four patients lost cranial nerves with the resection: superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), 4; cranial nerve X, 1; cranial nerve XII, 1. Ten patients developed baroreceptor failure secondary to bilateral loss of carotid sinus function. First‐bite pain occurred in 10 of 25 operative patients. Cranial nerve loss can be minimal with resection of carotid body tumors, however, baroreceptor failure and first‐bite pain are postoperative sequelae that are often disregarded in the postoperative period.
The use of positron emission tomography for early detection of recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in postradiotherapy patients
Authors: Bailet Jeffrey W. , Sercarz Joel A. , Abemayor Elliot , Anzai Yoshimi , Lufkin Robert B. , Hoh Carl K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) has recently proved to be highly sensitive in detecting known extracranial head and neck squamous cell carcinomas when compared to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The ability of PET to detect early subclinical recurrent squamous cell malignancies in patients who received primary radiotherapy was evaluated. A new PET‐MRI coregistration technique was used to determine precise anatomic tumor location, enabling directed biopsies to confirm the presence of malignancy, and to plan additional therapeutic strategies. Ten patients underwent PET evaluation with intravenous [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose and received postradiotherapy MRI scans. In all cases, PET accurately detected the presence of recurrent disease despite negative or equivocal MRI scans and indeterminate clinical examinations. PET appears to be highly effective in detecting early recurrent head and neck squamous cell malignancies in postirradiated patients.
Flow cytometric analysis of primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx
Authors: Syms Charles A. , Eibling David E. , Mccoy J. Philip , Barnes Leon , Emanuel Benjamin , Fowler Craig , Wagner Robin , Johnson Jonas T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis research was supported in part from grants from the Mary Hillman Jennings Foundation and the John R. McCune Charitable Trust.A retrospective analysis of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue from patients with histologically confirmed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was performed using flow cytometry. Ninety‐eight sets of specimens from previously untreated patients with an oral cavity or oropharyngeal tumor and a simultaneous cervical metastatic deposit were analyzed. Normal mucosa and cervical lymph nodes were processed identically and run as controls. All patients underwent surgical resection at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center or The Eye and Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh between 1980 and 1986. The specimens from 94 patients were technically adequate for interpretation. Diploid histograms in both the primary and metastatic tumors were present in 49 (52%) of 94 patients. Aneuploid histograms in either the primary or metastatic tumors were noted in 45 (47%) of 94 patients. In this group of 45 patients, the primary tumor and cervical metastasis were both aneuploid in 21 (46%), and aneuploid histograms occurred with equal incidence in either the primary or metastasis in the remaining 24 cases. No statistically significant prediction of survival could be made from any correlation with the histograms of either the primary or metastasis. The potential technical problems and limitations of flow cytometry in the determination of DNA content of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue and the selection of patients with advanced disease warrant caution in the interpretation of results.
Internal jugular vein thrombosis following functional neck dissection
Authors: Leontsinis Timothy G. , Currie Andrew R. , Mannell Aylwyn 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty‐five patients on whom 27 functional neck dissections were performed for upper aerodigestive tract squamous carcinoma were prospectively investigated to determine the frequency of venous thrombosis on the side of the neck dissection. Retrograde venography, performed within 1 month postoperatively, was used to determine the status of the internal jugular vein.Nineteen veins were patent at venography, but ipsilateral occlusion was demonstrated in 8. In 5 of the 8 patients, venous thrombosis followed major wound sepsis or fistula formation. No causes for the remaining 3 cases of internal jugular vein thromboses were identified. Possible mechanisms for “spontaneous” internal jugular vein occlusion following functional neck dissection are endothelial trauma, reduction in venous flow during anesthesia, and the altered coagulability profile of some cancer patients.The finding that functional neck dissection does not always maintain patency of the internal jugular vein is especially important when surgical treatment to the opposite side of the neck is planned, as the surgeon may be faced with an unexpectedly complicated postoperative course.
Effects of endolymphatic duct occlusion on the structure and function of the endolymphatic sac in the adult guinea pig
Authors: Lee Alice J. , Parker David A. , Gladstone Hayes B. , Hradek Gary , Schindler Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe endolymphatic sac (ELS) has been shown to respond rapidly to sudden disruptions in fluid balance such as labyrinthectomy or systemic administration of hyperosmolar agents. The present study was designed to determine the ELS response to slower changes in fluid dynamics by occluding the endolymphatic duct (ELD), thereby interrupting the longitudinal flow of endolymph to the ELS. Morphologic studies and autoradiographic techniques were used to evaluate the effects of ELD obstruction on the structure and function of the ELS after 48 hours. There were no significant changes in cellular morphology and a slight decrease in the incorporation of radiolabeled glucose when compared with normal ELS cells. We conclude that it is rapid change in fluid balance that triggers the ELS response, which is not seen with disruption of longitudinal flow.
The cricothyroid muscle does not influence vocal fold position in laryngeal paralysis
Authors: Koufinan James A. , Walker Francis O. , Joharji Ghazi M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe status of the cricothyroid muscle, which is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve, is believed to influence the vocal fold position in laryngeal paralysis. It is believed that isolated lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve generally result in the paralyzed vocal fold assuming a paramedian position but that with lesions of both the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves, a more lateral (intermediate or cadaveric) vocal fold position can be expected.Twenty‐six consecutive patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis underwent transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy (TFL) and laryngeal electromyography (LEMG). By TFL, the vocal fold positions were paramedian in 8 patients, intermediate in 7, and lateral in 11. By LEMG, 13 patients had isolated recurrent laryngeal nerve lesions and 13 patients had combined (superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve) lesions.There was no correlation between the vocal fold position and the status of the cricothyroid muscle, i.e., the status of the cricothyroid muscle by LEMG did not predict the vocal fold position nor did the vocal fold position by TFL predict the site of lesion. In addition, we investigated the possibility that the degree of thyroarytenoid muscle recruitment (tone) might correlate with vocal fold position, but no relation was found. We conclude that 1. the cricothyroid muscle does not predictably influence the position of the vocal fold in unilateral paralysis; 2. thyroarytenoid muscle recruitment (tone) does not appear to influence vocal fold position; and 3. still unidentified and unknown factors may be responsible for determining vocal fold position in laryngeal paralysis.
A comparative diagnostic study of head and neck nodal metastases using positron emission tomography
Authors: McGuirt W. Frederick , Williams Daniel W. , Keyes John W. , Greven Kathryn M. , Watson Nat E. , Geisinger Kim R. , Cappellari James O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA prospective study was conducted to compare the accuracy of clinical examination, computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) in identifying head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes. The findings in the necks of 49 patients evaluated by clinical examination and CT were compared to the findings in the same necks by PET, a newly available metabolic imaging modality. Pathology specimens were available for 45 of the necks. The findings of PET and CT correlated in 84% of cases. In the cases that did not correlate, CT proved correct in four of five cases. PET (82%) and CT (84%) were comparable and were both better than clinical examination (71%) in correctly identifying the presence or absence of metastatic disease.
Comparison of surgeries for removal of primary vestibular inputs: A combined anatomical and behavioral study in rats
Authors: Li Hongyan , Godfrey Donald A. , Rubin Allan M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUnilateral removal of Scarpa's ganglion and neurectomy of the peripheral vestibular nerve branches were compared in rats as methods to eliminate primary vestibular input. Ocular nystagmus was consistently observed after both types of lesion, but it completely disappeared within 4 to 7 days. Imbalance and rotation were more serious and prolonged after ganglionectomy than after peripheral neurectomy. Corresponding with these differences in symptoms were differences in terminal degeneration. After ganglionectomy, degenerated axons and terminals were distributed throughout all terminal regions of primary vestibular fibers on the lesioned side, while after peripheral neurectomy, the degeneration was more limited. The results of this study suggest that vestibular ganglionectomy is a more successful approach than peripheral vestibular neurectomy for removing the primary vestibular input.
Incisionless otoplasty
Authors: Fritsch Michael H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOtoplasty is a continually evolving procedure that significantly and beneficially alters the patient's facial appearance. Multiple techniques have been and are currently in use. A new method for partial or total correction of the “lop” protuberant ear deformity is described, the basis for this technique being percutaneous placement of retention sutures. Percutaneous placement leads to an incisionless otoplasty technique. Depending on the ear deformity, the incisionless technique may be used alone or in conjunction with other methods.
The influence of arterial insufficiency and venous congestion on composite graft survival
Authors: Henrich Douglas E. , Lewis Roy S. , Logan Thomas C. , Shockley William W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA rabbit auricular amputation model was used to study the relative effects of arterial insufficiency (AI) and venous congestion (VC) on composite graft survival. The percentage of graft survival was significantly greater for the AI group (45.8%) than for the VC group (15.9%) 2 weeks postoperatively. The percentage of graft survival at 3 weeks for the VC, AI, and no‐ligation groups were not statistically different. All three groups were statistically different from the control group, which had both the central artery and vein ligated. The VC group also exhibited significantly more graft edema, as measured by maximal graft thickness, than the other three groups.The impact of AI and VC on composite graft survival is investigated and discussed. These results suggest that venous congestion is more detrimental to early graft survival than arterial insufficiency.
Preoperative identification of benign versus malignant parotid masses: A comparative study including positron emission tomography
Authors: McGuirt W. Frederick , Keyes John W. , Greven Kathryn M. , Williams Daniel W. , Watson Nat E. , Cappellari James O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVarious diagnostic tools were used in 26 patients with parotid masses to determine their value in preoperative malignant or benign categorization. These tools were positron emission tomography (PET), clinical examination, fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PET identified all 26 lesions and all 12 malignant lesions, but made the correct categorization in only 69% of cases. Thus, it was not as good as the more conventional diagnostic methods, their correct categorizations being 85% (clinical), 87% (CT/MRI), and 78% (FNAB) in the same patients.
The effects of chronic otitis media with effusion on the measurement of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions
Authors: Amedee Ronald G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOtoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are low‐level acoustic sounds of cochlear origin that can be recorded from the external auditory canal under well‐controlled conditions. They are a natural by‐product of normal auditory physiology and may be divided into two general categories: spontaneous and evoked emissions. These emissions provide an objective, non‐invasive measurement of cochlear function that is accurate, rapid, and simple to perform. The clinical utility of OAEs has been extensively described in both normally hearing subjects and subjects with sensori‐neural hearing loss. The primary clinical applications of these emissions appear to be in neonatal screening and ototoxic monitoring.In this study, the effects of middle ear effusion on the production of evoked OAEs in children were assessed using preoperative tympanometric and otoacoustic emissions testing. The study subjects were children with a history of chronic otitis media who had otoscopic findings suggestive of middle ear effusion. An attempt was made to correlate the type of middle ear effusion found at surgery with the presence or absence of preoperative otoacoustic emissions.Statistical analysis indicated that the type of effusion in the middle ear does affect the presence or absence of emissions. These results tend to refute previous notions that OAEs are not measurable if the tympanogram is abnormal or fluid is present in the middle ear space. A review of the pertinent literature in included, along with a general description of the types of OAEs and their clinical significance.
Usher's syndrome type 3 in Finland
Authors: Pakarinen L. , Karjalainen S. , Simola K. O. J. , Laippala P. , Kaitalo H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsher's syndrome, type 3 (USH3) is characterized by progressive hearing loss. Usher's syndrome, type 3 has been supposed to be rare, occurring in 2% to 4% of all patients with Usher's syndrome. In a nationwide study we collected data on 229 patients with Usher's syndrome in Finland. Definite cases of USH3 were found in 30 (13%) of the 229 patients. An additional 61 patients had clinical evidence of earlier progression of their hearing impairment. We suggest that 91 (40%) of the 229 patients with Usher's syndrome represent cases of USH3.
Insulin receptors on the endolymphatic sac: An autoradiographic study
Authors: Kinght Lindsey C. , Saeed Shakeel R. , Hradek Gray T. , Schindler Robert A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLight microscopic autoradiographs were prepared of isolated guinea pig endolymphatic sac (ES) tissue incubated with iodine (I)‐125‐labeled insulin (insulin I 125). These demonstrated specific binding of the insulin I 125 to receptor in the ES. Receptor‐mediated endocytosis of the insulin‐receptor complex is postulated to occur, and the relevance of insulin receptors in the ES is discussed, with particular emphasis on the previously observed synthesis of hyaluronan from glucoses by the ES.
Overexpression of the p53 gene in primary and metastatic head and neck carcinomas
Authors: Sauter Edward R. , Ridge John A. , Klein‐Szanto Andres , Track Bruce , Cleveland Deborah , Whitley Karl V. , Mohr Rose M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe p53 gene has been correlated with disease progression in a number of human malignancies, and p53 abnormalities are found in a high percentage of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. The objectives of this study were 1. to correlate p53 expression with disease progression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), and 2. to determine whether there are site‐specific differences in p53 expression. Primary lesions and/or lymph node metastases from 147 patients with invasive SCCHN were immunostained for p53 overexpression. Expression of p53 was similar (42% versus 43%) in primary lesions and lymph node metastases. Expression also did not vary significantly by site in the head and neck. In conclusion, increased p53 expression did not correlate with disease progression in our series of patients with invasive SCCHN. The finding of a lack of increased expression with disease spread to lymph nodes supports the belief that p53 alterations occur early in head and neck carcinogenesis.
Treatment of nasopharyngeal inlet stenosis following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with the co2 laser
Authors: Duyne Jenny Van , Coleman Jack A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis report looks at outpatient treatment of nasopharyngeal inlet stenosis, a more commonly seen postoperative complication of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). It does not study the effectiveness of the UPPP for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The authors evaluated six patients who had a UPPP for OSAS, all of whom developed stenosis in the nasopharyngeal inlet ranging from 14 mm to complete closure. Two patients had failed rotation flap repairs. The carbon dioxide laser was used to treat these patients in the office under a local anesthesia in a staged manner. We now have patients from 3 months to 12 months follow‐up who have had stenosis treated successfully. We believe that the postoperative complication of nasopharyngeal inlet stenosis after UPPP can be treated in a safe and cost‐effective manner in the office setting.
Cochleosacculotomy for the treatment of meniere's disease in the elderly patient
Authors: Kinney William C. , Nalepa Nancy , Hughes Gordon B. , Kinney Sam E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCochleosacculotomy is a surgical option for the treatment of incapacitating vertigo in elderly patients with Meniere's disease. This procedure was performed in nine patients (mean age: 73 years) for control of vertigo and/or drop attacks. The average follow‐up period was 29 months. Vertigo was controlled in eight of nine patients, hut hearing worsened in all but one patient. No patient developed a transient increase in vertigo in the postoperative period. Cochleosacculotomy should be considered in elderly patients with recurrent vertigo and severe non‐fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss who would otherwise be candidates for labyrinthectomy.
Autologous collagen vocal fold injection: A preliminary clinical study
Authors: Ford Charles N. , Staskowski Paul A. , Bless Diane M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis preliminary study reports the first use of injectable autologous collagen for vocal fold augmentation. In previous studies, the authors showed cross‐linked bovine collagen to be effective in more than 150 patients with glottic incompetence, particularly those with focal defects or scarred or atrophic vocal folds. However, concerns about possible adverse immunologic responses to the bovine material have limited its use.The authors studied eight patients with difficult vocal fold pathology, including sulcus vocalis, atrophy, and scarring secondary to trauma and cordectomy. Skin was harvested under local anesthesia, processed into a naturally cross‐linked injectable form (Autologen®), and injected using indirect laryngoscopy. Voice production was evaluated prior to the injection and at intervals after the injection, using subjective, perceptual, aerodynamic, acoustic, and videostroboscopic assessments.The results indicate that autologous collagen is comparable to injectable bovine collagen in the management of several difficult glottic insufficiency problems and that the likelihood of a hypersensitivity response is negligible. Unlike bovine collagen preparations, Autologen does not require breakdown of the natural collagen molecule, so it is anticipated that this material will be better tolerated and more stable over time.
Maturational influences on suppression of vocal cord function by anesthesia
Authors: Handler Steven D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVocal cord abduction is a complex action that occurs with inspiration and is controlled by the respiratory center in the brainstem. A study was conducted to evaluate the maturational influences on the effect of anesthesia on vocal cord movement. Rabbits aged 15, 30, 45, and 60 days were used to study this problem. The animals were equilibrated to varying concentrations of halothane, and vocal cord movements were documented.In all age groups the vocal cord motion increased with increasing concentration of halothane. The amount of vocal cord movement also increased with the increasing age of the animal. These effects, however, were independent of each other. There did not appear to be any interaction between the concentration of halothane and the age of the animal. These findings are discussed in light of the apparent absence of active vocal cord motion observed in some children under a general anesthetic.
Auricular cartilage versus costal cartilage as a grafting material in experimental laryngotracheal reconstruction
Authors: Heatley Diane G. , Clary Randall A. , Lusk Rodney P. , Garner Frederick T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAuricular cartilage has been used clinically as an alternative material to costal cartilage for implantation during laryngotracheal reconstructive surgery. Little information is available concerning the healing characteristics or the durability of these two types of graft. The authors of this study examined the rate of epithelialization and the survival of cartilage in a rabbit model of anterior tracheal wall reconstruction and directly compared auricular and costal cartilage grafts. Auricular cartilage was found to epithelialize faster than costal cartilage. Both types of graft survived well after implantation. The superior healing characteristics of auricular cartilage make it a desirable material for laryngotracheal reconstruction.
The Extended Abbé Flap
Authors: David Kriet J. , Cupp Craig L. , Sherris David A. , Murakami Craig S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLarge upper lip defects that include the surrounding aesthetic subunits of the midface are difficult to reconstruct. Abbé flaps have been a popular method of dealing with small upper lip defects but, as classically described, they are insufficient for larger defects. We performed cadaver injections to evaluate the vascular territory supplied by the inferior labial artery with particular attention to the submental area. Extended Abbé flaps were then designed and used in combined upper lip and midfacial reconstruction. Three cases and guidelines for the use of the extended Abbé flap are presented.