bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexity, connectivity, and duplicability as barriers to lateral gene transfer
Authors: Wellner Alon , Lurie Mor N , Gophna Uri 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Background
Lateral gene transfer is a major force in microbial evolution and a great source of genetic innovation in prokaryotes. Protein complexity has been claimed to be a barrier for gene transfer, due to either the inability of a new gene's encoded protein to become a subunit of an existing complex (lack of positive selection), or from a harmful effect exerted by the newcomer on native protein assemblages (negative selection).

Results
We tested these scenarios using data from the model prokaryote Escherichia coli. Surprisingly, the data did not support an inverse link between membership in protein complexes and gene transfer. As the complexity hypothesis, in its strictest sense, seemed valid only to essential complexes, we broadened its scope to include connectivity in general. Transferred genes are found to be less involved in protein-protein interactions, outside stable complexes, and this is especially true for genes recently transferred to the E. coli genome. Thus, subsequent to transfer, new genes probably integrate slowly into existing protein-interaction networks. We show that a low duplicability of a gene is linked to a lower chance of being horizontally transferred. Notably, many essential genes in E. coli are conserved as singletons across multiple related genomes, have high connectivity and a highly vertical phylogenetic signal.

Conclusion
High complexity and connectivity generally do not impede gene transfer. However, essential genes that exhibit low duplicability and high connectivity do exhibit mostly vertical descent.
What impact have NICE guidelines had on the trends of hip arthroplasty since their publication?
Authors: Roberts V. I. , Esler C. N. , Harper W. M. 
Published: August 2007

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) published the guidelines on the selection of prostheses for primary hip replacement in 2000. They supported the use of cemented hip prostheses to the exclusion of uncemented and hybrid implants. The information from the Trent (and Wales) Regional Arthroplasty Study has been examined to identify retrospectively the types of hip prostheses used between 1990 and 2005, and to assess the impact that the guidelines have had on orthopaedic practice. The results show that the publication of the NICE guidelines has had little impact on clinical practice, with the use of uncemented prostheses increasing from 6.7% (137) in 2001 to 19.2% (632) in 2005. The use of hybrid prostheses has more than doubled from 8.8% (181) to 22% (722) of all hips implanted in the same period. The recommendations made by NICE are not being followed, which calls into question their value.
Simultaneous mobile- and fixed-bearing total knee replacement in the same patients
Authors: Kim Y.-H. , Kim D.-Y. , Kim J.-S. 
Published: August 2007

We conducted a randomised prospective study to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of a mobile- and fixed-bearing total knee replacement of similar design in 174 patients who had bilateral simultaneous knee replacement. The mean follow-up was for 5.6 years (5.2 to 6.1). The total knee score, pain score, functional score and range of movement were not statistically different (p > 0.05) between the two groups. Osteolysis was not seen in any knee in either group. Two knees (1%) in the mobile-bearing group required revision because of infection; none in the fixed-bearing group needed revision. Excellent results can be achieved with both mobile- and fixed-bearing prostheses of similar design at mid-term follow-up. We could demonstrate no significant clinical advantage for a mobile bearing.
In situ arthrodesis with lateral-wall ostectomy for the sequelae of fracture of the os calcis
Authors: Savva N. , Saxby T. S. 
Published: August 2007

Distraction bone-block arthrodesis has been advocated for the treatment of the late sequelae of fracture of the os calcis. Between 1997 and 2003 we studied a consecutive series of 17 patients who had in situ arthrodesis for subtalar arthritis after fracture of the os calcis with marked loss of talocalcaneal height. None had undergone any previous attempts at reconstruction. We assessed the range of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion and measured the talocalcaneal height, talocalcaneal angle and talar declination angle on standing lateral radiographs, comparing them with the normal foot. The mean follow-up was for 78.7 months (48 to 94). The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score improved from 29.8 (13 to 48) to 77.8 (48 to 94) (Student’s t-test, p < 0.001). The mean loss of talocalcaneal height was 10.3 mm (2 to 17) and the mean talar declination angle was 6.7° (0° to 16°) which was 36% of the normal side. One patient suffered anterior ankle pain but none had anterior impingement. Two patients complained of difficulty in ascending slopes and stairs and four in descending. The mean ankle dorsiflexion on the arthrodesed side was 11.6° (0° to 24°) compared with 14.7° (0° to 24°) on the normal side, representing a reduction of 21.1%. The mean plantar flexion on the arthrodesed side was 35.5° (24° to 60°) compared with 44.6° (30° to 60°) on the normal side, a reduction of 20.4%. These results suggest that anterior impingement need not to be a significant problem after subtalar arthrodesis for fracture of the os calcis, even when the loss of talocalcaneal height is marked. We recommend in situ arthrodesis combined with lateral-wall ostectomy for all cases of subtalar arthritis following a fracture of the os calcis, without marked coronal deformity, regardless of the degree of talocalcaneal height loss.
Thermometric diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries
Authors: Ya’ish F.M.M. , Cooper J. P. , Craigen M. A. C. 
Published: August 2007

The diagnosis of nerve injury using thermotropic liquid crystal temperature strips was compared blindly and prospectively against operative findings in 36 patients requiring surgical exploration for unilateral upper limb lacerations with suspected nerve injury. Thermotropic liquid crystal strips were applied to affected and non-affected segments in both hands in all subjects. A pilot study showed that a simple unilateral laceration without nerve injury results in a cutaneous temperature difference between limbs, but not within each limb. Thus, for detection of a nerve injury, comparison was made against the unaffected nerve distribution in the same hand. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that an absolute temperature difference ≥ 1.0°C was diagnostic of a nerve injury (area under the curve = 0.985, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 93.8%). Thermotropic liquid crystal strip assessment is a new, reliable and objective method for the diagnosis of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries. If implemented in the acute setting, it could improve the reliability of clinical assessment and reduce the number of negative surgical explorations.
Precision tumour resection and reconstruction using image-guided computer navigation
Authors: Wong K. C. , Kumta S. M. , Chiu K. H. , Antonio G. E. , Unwin P. , Leung K. S. 
Published: August 2007

The use of a navigation system in musculoskeletal tumour surgery enables the integration of pre-operative CT and MRI images to generate a precise three-dimensional anatomical model of the site and the extent of the tumour. We carried out six consecutive resections of musculoskeletal tumour in five patients using an existing commercial computer navigation system. There were three women and two men with a mean age of 41 years (24 to 47). Reconstruction was performed using a tumour prosthesis in three lesions and a vascularised fibular graft in one. No reconstruction was needed in two cases. The mean follow-up was 6.9 months (3.5 to 10). The mean duration of surgery was 28 minutes (13 to 50). Examination of the resected specimens showed clear margins in all the tumour lesions and a resection that was exactly as planned.
Central Nervous System Metastases in HER-2–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Trastuzumab: Incidence, Survival, and Risk Factors
Authors: Gori Stefania , Rimondini Simonetta , De Angelis Verena , Colozza Mariantonietta , Bisagni Giancarlo , Moretti Gabriella , Sidoni Angelo , Basurto Carlo , Aristei Cynthia , Anastasi Paola , Crinò Lucio 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background.
A higher incidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastases in HER-2–positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has recently been reported.

Materials and Methods.
Aims of this observational study were to evaluate the incidence of CNS metastases in HER-2–positive MBC patients, to define the outcome of patients with CNS metastases, and to identify the risk factors for CNS relapse.

Results.
Between April 1999 and June 2005 we treated 122 consecutive HER-2–positive MBC patients with chemotherapy and trastuzumab. At a median follow-up of 28 months from the occurrence of metastatic disease, 43 patients (35.2%) developed CNS metastases. The median time to death from the diagnosis of CNS metastases was 23.46 months. At multivariate analysis we found that only premenopausal status at diagnosis of breast cancer and visceral metastases as the dominant site at relapse were significantly associated with a higher risk for CNS metastases.

Conclusion.
The CNS metastasis incidence is very high in HER-2–positive MBC, but the survival after CNS relapse in these patients is longer than in patients unselected for HER-2 status, because of the better control of extracranial disease obtained by trastuzumab. The identified risk factors for CNS relapse could allow us to select a subgroup of HER-2–positive MBC patients as candidates for active surveillance for CNS progression (by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging) and/or as candidates for accrual in trials of prevention of CNS relapse.
Tremelimumab (CP-675,206), a Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte–Associated Antigen 4 Blocking Monoclonal Antibody in Clinical Development for Patients with Cancer
Authors: Ribas Antoni , Hanson Douglas C. , Noe Dennis A. , Millham Robert , Guyot Deborah J. , Bernstein Steven H. , Canniff Paul C. , Sharma Amarnath , Gomez-Navarro Jesus 
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing the course, the reader will be able to: Educate community oncologists about the promise of anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of advanced cancer.Suggest that CTLA-4 blockade overcomes barriers to effective immunotherapy for cancer.Describe the rational design and clinical development strategy taken with the CTLA-4 antagonist tremelimumab.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Multidisciplinary Management of Brain Metastases
Authors: Eichler April F. , Loeffler Jay S. 
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify the clinical factors that predict survival after a diagnosis of brain metastasis.Select appropriate multidisciplinary treatments for patients with new and recurrent brain metastases.Describe the circumstances in which focal therapy, such as surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery, is likely to be beneficial for patients with brain metastases.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Inkjet Printing on Hydrophobic Surface: Practical Implementation of Stacked Coin Strategy
Authors: Docherty Matthew J. , Naderi Paria , Grau Gerd , Sefiane Khellil , Amirfazli Alidad 
Published: March 2024

While inkjet printing on many hydrophilic surfaces is achieved through control of drop spacing and droplet deposition delay, the same for hydrophobic substrates proves challenging. Low surface energies of hydrophobic surfaces prevents intact and uniform lines of low‐viscosity ink to form. In this article, the stacked coin printing strategy used for hydrophilic surfaces, is adapted for hydrophobic surfaces. Stacked coin morphology is seen when droplet deposition time between two sequentially deposited droplets is longer than the evaporation time of the first droplet. On hydrophobic surfaces, the parameter window for successful printing is smaller than on hydrophilic surfaces, thus an investigation is needed to implement this methodology. Experiments were conducted using an inkjet printer with variable stage speed and stage temperature. Silver nanoparticle ink was used to print on Teflon–AF substrates. We identified the following regimes: isolated droplets, isolated multi‐droplets, broken line, true stacked coin, and delamination. The relationship between substrate temperature, drop spacing, and droplet deposition delay controls the occurence of each regime. In this study, 180 °C was identified as the critical temperature for instantaneous drying of the studied ink, and a maximum drop spacing of 20 μm to print continuous lines.
Intelligent Wearable Graphene Nano‐Electronics with Switchable Surface Wettability Capabilities for Autonomous Sweat Enrichment‐Purification‐Analysis
Authors: Hao Zhuang , Fang Xiaojie , Wang Ziran , Huang Cong , Li Feiran , Luo Yang , Ying Yuhan , Ma Shuang , Jia Yuan , Wang Xuejun , Pan Yunlu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSweat wearable biosensors facilitate continuous monitoring of individuals’ in‐depth body physiological state with real‐time and molecular‐level insight. However, limited detection accuracy and sensitivity resulted from insufficient amount of sweat sampling and impurities interferences still hinder their practical applications. Here, a miniature wearable skin‐interfaced intelligent graphene nano‐electronic (SIGN) patch employing a novel Janus membrane integrated surface wettability switchable microfluidic module with autonomous sweat sampling and purification capabilities is presented for in situ analysis of sweat biomarkers. Due to the asymmetric surface energy distribution characteristics of the microfluidic surfaces, rapid, directional transport of sufficient amount of sweat to the Janus membrane is achieved. The Janus membrane purifies the sweat sample and transport the sample to the sensing surface autonomously, thus eliminating impurities interferences and enhancing the sensing performance. An ultra‐flexible bio‐receptor functionalized graphene transistor for accurately monitoring sweat biomarkers such as lactate, with outstanding signal reproducibility and good long‐term (over 1 month) stability, and a signal processing unit are employed incorporating with the microfluidic module. In practical wearing tests, the SIGN patch enables the continuous measuring of sweat lactate levels for volunteers during exercises and intelligently providing a preliminary diagnostic assessment on their exercise intensity successfully, suggesting its potential commercialization prospects.
Emerging Trends of Nanofibrous Piezoelectric and Triboelectric Applications: Mechanisms, Electroactive Materials, and Designed Architectures
Authors: Zhi Chuanwei , Shi Shuo , Wu Hanbai , Si Yifan , Zhang Shuai , Lei Leqi , Hu Jinlian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOver the past few decades, significant progress in piezo‐/triboelectric nanogenerators (PTEGs) has led to the development of cutting‐edge wearable technologies. Nanofibers with good designability, controllable morphologies, large specific areas, and unique physicochemical properties provide a promising platform for PTEGs for various advanced applications. However, the further development of nanofiber‐based PTEGs is limited by technical difficulties, ranging from materials design to device integration. Herein, the current developments in PTEGs based on electrospun nanofibers are systematically reviewed. This review begins with the mechanisms of PTEGs and the advantages of nanofibers and nanodevices, including high breathability, waterproofness, scalability, and thermal–moisture comfort. In terms of materials and structural design, novel electroactive nanofibers and structure assemblies based on 1D micro/nanostructures, 2D bionic structures, and 3D multilayered structures are discussed. Subsequently, nanofibrous PTEGs in applications such as energy harvesters, personalized medicine, personal protective equipment, and human–machine interactions are summarized. Nanofiber‐based PTEGs still face many challenges such as energy efficiency, material durability, device stability, and device integration. Finally, the research gap between research and practical applications of PTEGs is discussed, and emerging trends are proposed, providing some ideas for the development of intelligent wearables.
Semiconductor‐Metal Hybrid Nanoparticle‐Based Hydrogels: Efficient Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Schlenkrich Jakob , Pluta Denis , Graf Rebecca T. , Wesemann Christoph , Lübkemann‐Warwas Franziska , Bigall Nadja C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn semiconductor‐metal hybrid nanoparticles, excited charge carriers can be separated efficiently by transferring the electron to the metal, because the Fermi level is located within the bandgap of the semiconductor. Besides charge carrier separation, the catalytically active surface of the metal enables the use of these charge carriers for further reactions. Due to limited colloidal stability, the application of nanoparticles in solution is challenging. To circumvent these difficulties, the destabilization can be used to build monolithic 3D (non‐ordered) gel‐like structures with retained high surface area and an ensured diffusion within the network. Here, the resulting nanoparticle‐based hydrogels of CdSe/CdS/Pt nanoparticles show photocatalytic hydrogen production rates up to 58 (mmol(H2))/(g∙h). Due to the self‐supporting network structure, colloidal stability is unnecessary, and the applicability is improved. By simply mixing semiconductor and semiconductor–metal hybrid nanoparticles before gelation, the synthesis of the gels allows the reduction of the metal content, which further tunes the photocatalyst.
Influence of esterified kraft lignin as an interfacial compatibilizer on mechanical properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/basalt fiber composites
Authors: Lee Hak Yong , Park Jaehee , Myung Suwan , Kim Ki Su , Han Dong‐Wook , Lee Jae‐Chang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the enhancement effects of basalt fibers (BFs) and kraft lignin (KL) as natural additives on the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)‐based composites. Initially, BF was incorporated into ABS as a fiber reinforcement, and its mechanical properties were evaluated. It was observed that an increase in BF content in ABS led to an increase in the tensile strength while the impact strength tended to decrease. Subsequently, the potential of lignin or modified lignin as interfacial compatibilizers was assessed to improve the miscibility between ABS and BF. The modification of lignin was achieved via esterification by using esterifying agents (acetic anhydride [C2_Ac], propionic anhydride [C3_Pr], and butyric anhydride [C4_Bu]). At the optimal conditions (30 wt% of BF, 15phr of AcKL), the mechanical properties of ABS/BF/AcKL composite presented a 48.1% improvement in tensile strength and a 27.4% enhancement in impact strength compared to those of ABS/BF composite. The fracture surface analysis of the composite revealed that the esterified lignin enhances the compatibility between components, thereby filling the gaps present at the matrix‐fiber interface. These results suggest promising applications for multi‐component composite materials.
Critical survival periods in prostate cancer in Sweden explored by conditional survival analysis
Authors: Hemminki Kari , Zitricky Frantisek , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Försti Asta , Hemminki Akseli , Hemminki Otto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackroundWe wanted to characterize conditional survival in prostate cancer (PC) in Sweden around and after 2005 when the vast increase in incidence due to the opportunistic testing for prostate specific antigen (PSA) culminated. We hypothesize that analyzing survival data during that time period may help interpret survival trends. We focus on stage‐specific analysis using conditional survival in order to define the periods when deaths most commonly occurred.MethodsData on PC patients were obtained from the Swedish cancer registry for analysis of 1‐, 2.5‐ and 5‐year relative survival and conditional relative survival between years 2004 and 2018. Tumor‐node‐metastatic stage classification at diagnosis was used to specify survival.ResultsSmall improvements were observed in stage‐ and age‐related relative survival duriring the study period. Applying conditional relative survival showed that survival in stage T3 up to 2.5 years was better than survival between years 2.5 and 5. Survival in stage T4 was approximately equal in the first and the subsequent 2.5‐year period. For M1, the first 2.5 year survival period was worse than the subsequent one. The proportion of high risk and M1 disease in old patients (80+ years) remained very high and their survival improved only modestly.ConclusionsThe data indicate that M1 metastases kill more patients in the first 2.5 years than between years 2.5 and 5 after diagnosis; T4 deaths are equal in the two periods, and in T3 mortality in the first 2.5‐year period is lower than between years 2.5 and 5 after diagnosis. Conditional survival could be applied to explore critical survival periods even past 5 years after diagnoses and to monitor success in novel diagnostic and treatment practices. Improvement of survival in elderly patients may require clinical input.
A Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr
Authors: Liang Yan , Guo Shao‐Bo , Xu Chang , Su Ying‐Ying , Su Cheng‐Yuan , Zhang Wei , Liu Bin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTinospora sinensis (T. sinensis), whose Tibetan name is “Lezhe”, as a traditional medicine, is widely distributed in China, India and Sri Lanka. It is used for the treatment of rheumatic arthralgia, sciatica, lumbar muscle strain and bruises. Research over the previous decades indicated that T. sinensis mainly contains terpenes, lignans, alkaloids, phenol glycosides and other chemical components. A wide range of pharmacologic activities such as anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, immunosuppressive, anti‐aging, anti‐radiation, anti‐leishmania and liver protection have been reported. However, the scholar's research on the pharmacodynamic material basis of T. sinensis is relatively weak. Data regarding many aspects such as links between the traditional uses and bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, and quality control standard of active compositions is still limited and need more attention. This review reports a total of 241 compounds, the ethnopharmacology and clinical application of T. sinensis, covering the literature which were searched by multiple databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, CNKI and other literature sources from 1996 to date, with a view to provide a systematic and insightful reference and lays a foundation and inspiration for the application and further in‐depth research of T. sinensis resources.
Febrile neutropenia associated with adalimumab in a patient with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Abumuhfouz Ma’In Atallah Mohammad , Alsadi Anas , Umer Waseem Fadhl , Habib Mhd Baraa 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageAdalimumab has become essential for managing various chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While hematologic complications of adalimumab therapy are rare, they can have significant clinical implications. This report highlights the importance of recognizing and monitoring for neutropenia in patients receiving adalimumab treatment. We also describe the potential mechanisms and management strategies for this adverse event.