bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete plastid genome sequences of Drimys, Liriodendron, and Piper: implications for the phylogenetic relationships of magnoliids
Authors: Cai Zhengqiu , Penaflor Cynthia , Kuehl Jennifer V , Leebens-Mack James , Carlson John E , dePamphilis Claude W , Boore Jeffrey L , Jansen Robert K 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
The magnoliids with four orders, 19 families, and 8,500 species represent one of the largest clades of early diverging angiosperms. Although several recent angiosperm phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of magnoliids and suggested relationships among the orders, the limited number of genes examined resulted in only weak support, and these issues remain controversial. Furthermore, considerable incongruence resulted in phylogenetic reconstructions supporting three different sets of relationships among magnoliids and the two large angiosperm clades, monocots and eudicots. We sequenced the plastid genomes of three magnoliids, Drimys (Canellales), Liriodendron (Magnoliales), and Piper (Piperales), and used these data in combination with 32 other angiosperm plastid genomes to assess phylogenetic relationships among magnoliids and to examine patterns of variation of GC content.

Results
The Drimys, Liriodendron, and Piper plastid genomes are very similar in size at 160,604, 159,886 bp, and 160,624 bp, respectively. Gene content and order are nearly identical to many other unrearranged angiosperm plastid genomes, including Calycanthus, the other published magnoliid genome. Overall GC content ranges from 34–39%, and coding regions have a substantially higher GC content than non-coding regions. Among protein-coding genes, GC content varies by codon position with 1st codon > 2nd codon > 3rd codon, and it varies by functional group with photosynthetic genes having the highest percentage and NADH genes the lowest. Phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and likelihood methods and sequences of 61 protein-coding genes provided strong support for the monophyly of magnoliids and two strongly supported groups were identified, the Canellales/Piperales and the Laurales/Magnoliales. Strong support is reported for monocots and eudicots as sister clades with magnoliids diverging before the monocot-eudicot split. The trees also provided moderate or strong support for the position of Amborella as sister to a clade including all other angiosperms.

Conclusion
Evolutionary comparisons of three new magnoliid plastid genome sequences, combined with other published angiosperm genomes, confirm that GC content is unevenly distributed across the genome by location, codon position, and functional group. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses provide the strongest support so far for the hypothesis that the magnoliids are sister to a large clade that includes both monocots and eudicots.
Computed tomography in the diagnosis of primary tumors of the petrous bone
Authors: Mafee Mahmood F. , Aimi Kenji , Valvassori Galdino E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper constitutes an evaluation of 23 patients with signs and symptoms of 4 types of tumors: 6 congenital epidermoids, 3 cases of meningiomas presenting within the temporal bone, 2 cases of jugular fossa schwannomns, 3 cases of glomus tympanicum, and 9 selected cases of glomus jugulare tumors.Since these tumors occur insidiously and are located in an inaccessible region of the skull, they are usually not diagnosed until they reach considerable size and cause multiple cranial nerve deficits or intracranial complications. Assessment of these tumors and subsequent surgical management depend primarily on the preoperative radiographic findings. CT and dynamic CT study have proven to be extremely valuable and accurate in the diagnosis of these lesions.Epidermoids have a characteristic CT appearance. Dynamic CT is often helpful in differentiating glomus tumors from meningiomas and schwannomas. Involvement of the middle ear, labyrinth, intracranial, and extracranial components of these tumors can be best evaluated by CT.This paper places special emphasis on congenital cholcsteatoma (epidermoid) and draws relevant conclusions about the diagnostic work‐up.
Bilateral congenital oval window microfistulae in a mother and son
Authors: Weider Dudley J. , Musiekd Frank E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article details case histories of a son and his mother who were studied over a seven‐year period before making the diagnosis of bilateral oval window microfistulae in both of them. The boy demonstrated a slowly progressive bilateral and symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss closely resembling thnt of his mother. The case reports emphasize their respective histories, diagnostic evaluation, surgical observations, and treatment.
Light and electron microscopic studies of a case of middle ear adenoma
Authors: Kochilas Xenos , Birchall John P. , Sloan Philip 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn adenomatous neoplasm from the middle enr was studied. Two distinct groups of cells were present. Electron microscopy suggested that one group was epithelial and the other neuroendocrine in origin. The features supported the hypothesis that such tumors arise from middle ear mucosa.
Epstein‐barr virus‐associated antibodies and serum biochemistry in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lynn Tsong‐Chou , Hsieh Rhong‐Phong , Chuang Che‐Yen , Huang Shu‐Chen , Lsieh Ti , Tu Shih‐Mien 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma is difficult to diagnose in its early stages. It also has frequent recurrences and/or distant metnstases after radiotherapy. Extensive clinical, serological and biochemical studies were done during 1980‐1982 on 351 patients to aid in the diagnosis of the disease, especially with recurrence or metastasis.Seropositive rates of the antibody titers against viral capsid antigens (VCA) and early antigens (EA) of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in IgG and IgA classes were 41.7%‐100%. They ranked, in order of frequency: anti‐VCA/IgA, anti‐VCA/IgG, anti‐EA/IgG, and anti‐EA/IgA.Mean total serum IgG and IgA levels were moderately increased in all patients. Serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, laclnte dehydrogenase and mucoprotein were elevated either alone or in combination in a few patients before treatment, in many patients with recurrence or metastases, and in all patients with liver metastasis.
Teratomas of the head and neck in childhood
Authors: Abemayor E. , Newman A. , Bergstrom L. , Dudley J. , Magidson J. G. , Ljung B. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTeratomas ore tumors consisting of tissue arising from all three embryonic germ layers. Their occurrence in the head and neck region is rare. Three patients with this lesion are presented. Although exhibiting progressive uncoordinated growth, histologic evidence of malignancy in the head and neck form of this tumor is distinctly uncommon. Mortality assocciated with terutomas is most often secondary to respiratory compromise. Complete surgical extirpation is the treatment of choice to lower mortality and recurrences. The use of fine needle aspiration in the management of neck masses in children is discussed.
Simulation of Pressuremeter Shearing Mode by True Triaxial Apparatus
Authors: Seah TH , Shrestha D 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Pressuremeters are commonly used for determining the modulus of soil in the field. The shearing plane of the pressuremeter differs from those in the conventional laboratory strength tests; therefore the moduli obtained from these tests may be different. This paper describes the method of using the true triaxial apparatus to simulate the shearing mode of the pressuremeter. The true triaxial tests were performed by shearing the soil sample in the plane similar to that of the pressuremeter tests at the same depths on Bangkok clay.A pore water pressure probe was introduced to the true triaxial, enabling the pore water pressure at the middle of the sample to be measured. To compare the results of pressuremeter and true triaxial tests, the stress-strain relationship of the true triaxial test was used as the input in the finite element _FE_ analysis, and a predicted pressurevolume expansion curve was generated from the FE analysis. The prediction was compared directly with the results of the pressuremeter tests, indicating relatively good agreement in the pressure-volume expansion curves from elastic to plastic range.
Exploring the Ethics of Clinical Research in an Urban Community
Authors: Grady Christine , Hampson Lindsay A. , Wallen Gwenyth R. , Rivera-Goba Migdalia V. , Carrington Kelli L. , Mittleman Barbara B. 
Published: October 2006

Objectives. We consulted with representatives of an urban community in Washington, DC, about the ethics of clinical research involving residents of the community with limited access to health care. Methods. A semistructured community consultation was conducted with core members of the Health Partnership Program of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Three research case examples were discussed; questions and probes (a predetermined question or series of questions used to further investigate or follow-up a response) guided the discussion. Results. The community representatives who took part in the consultation were supportive of research and appreciated the opportunity to be heard. They noted the importance of respecting the circumstances, values, needs, and welfare of research participants; supported widely representative recruitment strategies; and cited the positive benefits of providing care or treatment to participants. Monitoring participants’ welfare and ensuring care at a study’s end were emphasized. Trust was a central theme; participants suggested several trust-enhancing strategies, including full disclosure of information and the involvement of advocates, physicians, and trusted church members. Conclusions. Several important strategies emerged for conducting ethical research in urban communities whose residents have limited access to health care.
Blood and Oil: Vehicle Characteristics in Relation to Fatality Risk and Fuel Economy
Authors: Robertson Leon S. 
Published: October 2006

I examined the potential for a lower risk of death compatible with increased fuel economy among 67 models of 1999–2002 model year cars, vans, and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) during the calendar years 2000 to 2004. The odds of death for drivers and all persons killed in vehicle collisions were related to vehicle weight, size, stability, and crashworthiness. I calculated that fatality rates would have been 28% lower and fuel use would have been reduced by 16% if vehicle weights had been reduced to the weight of vehicles with the lowest weight per size, where size is measured by the lateral distance needed to perform a 180-degree turn. If, in addition, all vehicles had crashworthiness and stability equal to those of the top-rated vehicles, more than half the deaths involving passenger cars, vans, and SUVs could have been prevented by vehicle modifications.
Generative Artificial Intelligence to Transform Inpatient Discharge Summaries to Patient-Friendly Language and Format
Authors: Zaretsky Jonah , Kim Jeong Min , Baskharoun Samuel , Zhao Yunan , Austrian Jonathan , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon , Gupta Ravi , Blecker Saul B. , Feldman Jonah 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceBy law, patients have immediate access to discharge notes in their medical records. Technical language and abbreviations make notes difficult to read and understand for a typical patient. Large language models (LLMs [eg, GPT-4]) have the potential to transform these notes into patient-friendly language and format.ObjectiveTo determine whether an LLM can transform discharge summaries into a format that is more readable and understandable.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study evaluated a sample of the discharge summaries of adult patients discharged from the General Internal Medicine service at NYU (New York University) Langone Health from June 1 to 30, 2023. Patients discharged as deceased were excluded. All discharge summaries were processed by the LLM between July 26 and August 5, 2023.InterventionsA secure Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant platform, Microsoft Azure OpenAI, was used to transform these discharge summaries into a patient-friendly format between July 26 and August 5, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes included readability as measured by Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and understandability using Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) scores. Readability and understandability of the original discharge summaries were compared with the transformed, patient-friendly discharge summaries created through the LLM. As balancing metrics, accuracy and completeness of the patient-friendly version were measured.ResultsDischarge summaries of 50 patients (31 female [62.0%] and 19 male [38.0%]) were included. The median patient age was 65.5 (IQR, 59.0-77.5) years. Mean (SD) Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level was significantly lower in the patient-friendly discharge summaries (6.2 [0.5] vs 11.0 [1.5]; P &amp;lt; .001). PEMAT understandability scores were significantly higher for patient-friendly discharge summaries (81% vs 13%; P &amp;lt; .001). Two physicians reviewed each patient-friendly discharge summary for accuracy on a 6-point scale, with 54 of 100 reviews (54.0%) giving the best possible rating of 6. Summaries were rated entirely complete in 56 reviews (56.0%). Eighteen reviews noted safety concerns, mostly involving omissions, but also several inaccurate statements (termed hallucinations).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study of 50 discharge summaries suggest that LLMs can be used to translate discharge summaries into patient-friendly language and formats that are significantly more readable and understandable than discharge summaries as they appear in electronic health records. However, implementation will require improvements in accuracy, completeness, and safety. Given the safety concerns, initial implementation will require physician review.
NAMPT/NAD+/PARP1 Pathway Regulates CFA‐Induced Inflammatory Pain via NF‐κB Signaling in Rodents
Authors: Dai Yi , Lin Jiaqi , Chen Xiangde , Ren Jinxuan , Wu Chengwei , Shen Huihui , Li Xue , Yu Jing , Jiang Baochun , Yu Lina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmerging evidence has implicated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism in various inflammatory diseases. In the study, the role of NAD+ metabolism in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)‐evoked inflammatory pain and the underlying mechanisms are investigated. The study demonstrated that CFA induced upregulation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) without significant changes in the spinal cord. Inhibition of NAMPT expression by intrathecal injection of NAMPT siRNA alleviated CFA‐induced pain‐like behavior, decreased NAD+ contents in DRG, and lowered poly‐(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activity levels. These effects are all reversed by the supplement of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Inhibition of PARP1 expression by intrathecal injection of PARP1 siRNA alleviated CFA‐induced pain‐like behavior, while elevated NAD+ levels of DRG. The analgesic effect of inhibiting NAMPT/NAD+/PARP1 axis can be attributed to the downregulation of the NF‐κB/IL‐1β inflammatory pathway. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of NAMPT/NAD+/PARP1 axis is restricted to DRG neurons. In conclusion, PARP1 activation in response to CFA stimulation, fueled by NAMPT‐derived NAD+, mediates CFA‐induced inflammatory pain through NF‐κB/IL‐1β inflammatory pathway.
Precision Culture Scaling to Establish High‐Throughput Vasculogenesis Models
Authors: Dennison Nicholas R. , Fusenig Maximilian , Grönnert Lisa , Maitz Manfred F. , Ramirez Martinez Maria Alejandra , Wobus Manja , Freudenberg Uwe , Bornhäuser Martin , Friedrichs Jens , Westenskow Peter D. , Werner Carsten 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydrogel‐based 3D cell cultures can recapitulate (patho)physiological phenomena ex vivo. However, due to their complex multifactorial regulation, adapting these tissue and disease models for high‐throughput screening workflows remains challenging. In this study, a new precision culture scaling (PCS‐X) methodology combines statistical techniques (design of experiment and multiple linear regression) with automated, parallelized experiments and analyses to customize hydrogel‐based vasculogenesis cultures using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Variations of cell density, growth factor supplementation, and media composition are systematically explored to induce vasculogenesis in endothelial mono‐ and cocultures with mesenchymal stromal cells or retinal microvascular pericytes in 384‐well plate formats. The developed cultures are shown to respond to vasculogenesis inhibitors in a compound‐ and dose‐dependent manner, demonstrating the scope and power of PCS‐X in creating parallelized tissue and disease models for drug discovery and individualized therapies.
Lattice Plainification Leads to High Thermoelectric Performance of P‐Type PbSe Crystals
Authors: Liu Shibo , Wen Yi , Bai Shulin , Shi Haonan , Qin Yongxin , Qin Bingchao , Liu Dongrui , Cao Qian , Gao Xiang , Su Lizhong , Chang Cheng , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThermoelectrics has applications in power generation and refrigeration. Since only commercial Bi2Te3 has a low abundance Te, PbSe gets attention. This work enhances the near‐room temperature performance of p‐type PbSe through enhancing carrier mobility via lattice plainification. Composition controlled and Cu‐doped p‐type PbSe crystals are grown through physical vapor deposition. Results exhibit an enhanced carrier mobility ≈2578 cm2 V−1 s−1 for Pb0.996Cu0.0004Se. Microstructure characterization and density functional theory calculations verify the introduced Cu atoms filled Pb vacancies, realizing lattice plainification and enhancing the carrier mobility. The Pb0.996Cu0.0004Se sample achieves a power factor ≈42 µW cm−1 K−2 and a ZT ≈ 0.7 at 300 K. The average ZT of it reaches ≈0.9 (300–573 K), resulting in a single‐leg power generation efficiency of 7.1% at temperature difference of 270 K, comparable to that of p‐type commercial Bi2Te3. A 7‐pairs device paired the p‐type Pb0.996Cu0.0004Se with the n‐type commercial Bi2Te3 shows a maximum cooling temperature difference ≈42 K with the hot side at 300 K, ≈65% of that of the commercial Bi2Te3 device. This work highlights the potential of p‐type PbSe for power generation and refrigeration near room temperature and hope to inspire researchers on replacing commercial Bi2Te3.
Lymph node metastases in middle and upper mediastinum of Siewert type II adenocarcinoma: A real‐world retrospective study
Authors: Luo Peng , Chen Xiankai , Yang Yafan , Zhang Ruixiang , Kang Xiaozheng , Qin Jianjun , Qi Xiuzhu , Li Yin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore whether the upper and/or middle mediastinal nodes (UMMN) should be dissected in Siewert type II adenocarcinoma (AC) according to the incidence of lymph node metastasis. Additionally, to investigate the association between the length of esophageal involvement (LEI) and the UMMN metastases.MethodsA cohort with Siewert type II AC who were operated on by a surgical team that routinely treated esophagogastric junction (EGJ) tumors with esophagectomy and extended lymphadenectomy were assessed retrospectively. The primary endpoint of the research was the metastasis rate of UMMN.ResultsA total of 94 patients with EGJ tumor from July 2018 to September 2022 were enrolled. Station 106recR (6.4%, 6/94) was the only station among upper mediastinal nodes (UMN) that presented positive nodes. Middle mediastinal nodes (MMN) metastases of station 107, 109 and station 108 were 2.1% (2/94) and 5.0% (4/80), respectively. Among the 11 patients with MMN or UMN metastases, 63.6% (7/11) had lesser than seven metastatic nodes, and 54.5% (6/11) had a pathological N stage ≤2. LEI >3 cm (p = 0.042) showed a higher risk for MMN metastases in univariable logistic analysis. However, no independent risk factor for mediastinal node metastases was detected.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the incidence of positive MMN and UMN is relatively low in resectable Siewert type II AC, which indicated that it is not necessary to perform a routine dissection upon these stations. LEI >3 cm might be associated with higher risk for mediastinal node metastasis. Certain patients could benefit from extended lymphadenectomy since most of the patients with positive MMN or UMN have a limited number of metastatic nodes.
A male fetus with cyclopia was discovered after miscarriage: A rare case report from Syria
Authors: Dakkak Tala , Mansour Marah , Jarbouh Habib , Ktail Abdolmoin 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case of alobar holoprosencephaly and cyclopia emphasizes the value of prenatal check‐ups, particularly in low‐income countries. Early ultrasound diagnosis leads to early gestational termination, preventing psychological trauma for the parents.AbstractAlobar holoprosencephaly is a rare‐occurrence malformation with a bad prognosis linked to cyclopia, the most severe cranial feature. Prenatal examinations are essential for identifying these deformities and preventing parental mental health damage.
Alternating 3rd‐ to 2nd‐Order Charge Reaction Kinetics on Bismuth Vanadate Photoanodes with Ultrathin Bismuth Metal–Organic–Frameworks
Authors: Cao Guangming , Liu Yanjie , Hu Jundie , Qu Jiafu , Zhang Zhichao , Xiong Xianqiang , Sun Wei , Yang Xiaogang , Li Chang Ming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe most challenging obstacle for photocatalysts to efficiently harvest solar energy is the sluggish surface redox reaction (e. g., oxygen evolution reaction, OER) kinetics, which is believed to originate from interface catalysis rather than the semiconductor photophysics. In this work, we developed a light–modulated transient photocurrent (LMTPC) method for investigating surface charge accumulation and reaction on the W‐doped bismuth vanadate (W : BiVO4) photoanodes during photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Under illuminating conditions, the steady photocurrent corresponds to the charge transfer rate/kinetics, while the integration of photocurrent (I~t) spikes during the dark period is regarded as the charge density under illumination. Quantitative analysis of the surface hole densities and photocurrents at 0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode results in an interesting rate–law kinetics switch: a 3rd‐order charge reaction behavior appeared on W : BiVO4, but a 2nd‐order charge reaction occurred on W : BiVO4 surface modified with ultrathin Bi metal–organic–framework (Bi−MOF). Consequently, the photocurrent for water oxidation on W : BiVO4/Bi−MOF displayed a 50 % increment. The reaction kinetics alternation with new interface reconstruction is proposed for new mechanism understanding and/or high–performance photocatalytic applications.