bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forage brassicas can enhance the feed base and mitigate feed gaps across diverse environments
Authors: Watt Lucinda J. , Bell Lindsay W. 
Published: March 2024

Context Spring-sown forage brassicas are commonly used to fill feed gaps in high-rainfall temperate livestock systems, but they have wider potential as an autumn-sown forage in drier environments within Australia’s crop–livestock zone. Aims We modelled the production potential of autumn-sown forage brassicas grown in diverse environments and tested their ability to alter the frequency and magnitude of feed gaps. Methods Long-term production potential was simulated in APSIM for four forage brassica genotypes, compared with forage wheat and dual-purpose canola across 22 diverse agro-climatic locations. For seven regions, the change in frequency and magnitude of forage deficits from adding forage brassicas to representative forage–livestock systems was predicted. Key results Across locations, median yields of forage brassicas ranged from 7 to 19 t DM/ha, and their annual metabolisable-energy yield was higher than that of forage wheat at most sites and nearly always exceeded dual-purpose canola. Forage brassicas performed better than forage wheat in later-sowing events (late April to early May) and maintained growth and quality later into spring. At five of the seven regions, adding 15% of farm forage area to forage brassicas reduced the frequency and magnitude of feed deficits by 35–50% and 20–40%, respectively. However, they were less beneficial where winter–spring feed gaps are uncommon. Conclusions We demonstrated that autumn-sown forage brassicas can be reliable and productive contributors to the feed base in drier environments and are a suitable alternative to forage cereals. Implications Forage brassicas can help reduce feed gaps and improve livestock production in a range of production systems spanning Australia’s crop–livestock zone.
The 3d
2
D
5/2−2
D
3/2 magnetic dipole transition in potassium-like ions
Authors: Qian Yuyuan , Zhang Chunyu , Zhang Yizhuo , Chen Jihui , Ding Xiaobin , Huang Liangyu , Yang Yang , Fu Yunqing , Chen Chongyang , Yao Ke 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Spectral lines of the magnetic-dipole transition between the

3

d
2

D

3

/

2
,

5

/

2

levels of K-like Kr17+, Zr21+, Nb22+, Mo23+, and Ru25+ ions were measured in a compact electron beam ion trap. By means of dedicated calibration methods, the transition wavelengths of Kr17+, Zr21+, and Mo23+ ions reduce uncertainties by at least one order of magnitude and the wavelengths of Nb22+ and Ru25+ ions are measured for the first time at a few ppm level. In addition, the fine-structure energy splittings were systematically calculated using the multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method combined with the relativistic configuration interaction approach. The contributions of the core-valence and core-core electron correlations, the Breit interaction and QED effect were discussed in detail. The results show that it is essential to include deep core-valence correlation of L-shell and core-core valence correlation of 3p subshell to obtain an agreement better than 0.15% with existing experimental values. The calculation model can be performed to predict the wavelength within a high accuracy for a wide range of potassium-like ions.
Polyaniline-graphene based composites electrode materials in supercapacitor: synthesis, performance and prospects
Authors: Guo Zefei , Liu Gengzheng , Hao Huilian , Yang Jun , Lei Huayu , Shi Xuerong , Li Wenyao , Liu Wenfu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Supercapacitors (SCs) have become one of the most popular energy-storage devices for high power density and fast charging/discharging capability. Polyaniline is a class of conductive polymer materials with ultra-high specific capacitance, and the excellent mechanical properties will play a key role in the research of flexible SCs. The synergistic effect between polyaniline and graphene is often used to overcome their respective inherent shortcomings, thus the high-performance polyaniline-graphene based nanocomposite electrode materials can be prepared. The development of graphene-polyaniline nanocomposites as electrode materials for SCs depends on their excellent microstructure design. However, it is still difficult to seek a balance between graphene performance and functionalization to improve the weak interfacial interaction between graphene and polyaniline. In this manuscript, the latest preparation methods, research progress and research results of graphene-polyaniline nanocomposites on SCs are reviewed, and the optimization of electrode structures and performances is discussed. Finally, the prospect of graphene-polyaniline composites is expected.
The influence of charge ordering in the microscopic structure of monohydroxy alcohols
Authors: Požar Martina , Lovrinčević Bernarda , Perera Aurélien 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While radiation scattering data provides insight inside the microstructure of liquids, the Debye relation relating the scattering intensity I(k) to the atom–atom structure factors

S

a
b

(
k
)

shows that, ultimately, it is these individual structure correlation functions which contain the relevant information about the micro-structure. However, these quantities are not observables, except in few cases where one can invert the Debye relation to obtain the structure functions. In the majority of other cases, the need for model dependent computer simulations is unavoidable. The resulting calculations reveal that the scattering pre-peak is the result of cancellations between positive pre-peaks and negative anti-peaks contributions from the atom–atom structure factors. What of systems where this cancellation is such that it entirely suppresses the scattering pre-peak? One would be tempted to falsely conclude that there is no underlying micro-heterogeneity. Hence, the structure functions appear as hidden variables, and it is important to understand the relation between their features and the micro-structure of the system. Through the computer simulation study of various mono-ols, ranging from methanol to 1-nonanol, as well as the branched octanols, we show how the features of the atom–atom pair correlation function

g

a
b

(
r
)

affect that of the structure factors

S

a
b

(
k
)

, and reveal that the micro-structure is ultimately the result of the charge ordering between different atoms in the system.
Guiding infrared electromagnetic waves through TI nanowires with extremely large wavenumber and azimuthal index
Authors: Li Y W , Chen M N , Dai J Y , Zhou Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the dispersion relations of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in TI nanowires have been investigated. For simplicity, TI nanowire has been modeled as a dielectric cylinder with a conductive surface, the conductivity of which is an anti-symmetric tensor. The off-diagonal terms of the conductivity tensor only slightly change the dispersion relations. Due to small conductivities, these SPPs have extremely large wavenumbers and azimuthal indices; the electric fields are tightly confined near the conductive surface. For high-order modes, cut-off phenomena have been observed. In the end, the effects of losses and much larger bulk permittivities on the dispersion relations of surface plasmons have been discussed. The simple model proposed in this paper can be directly applied to other materials with arbitrary surface conductivity. Our investigations show that TI nanostructures are promising platforms for nanophotonic applications in the future.
Enhanced weak superconductivity in trigonal γ-PtBi2
Authors: Zabala J , Correa V F , Castro F J , Pedrazzini P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Electrical resistivity experiments show superconductivity at

T
c

=
1.1

K in a high-quality single crystal of trigonal γ-PtBi2, with an enhanced critical magnetic field

μ
0

H

c
2

(
0
)
≳
1.5

Tesla and a low critical current-density

J
c

(
0
)
≈
40

A cm−2 at H = 0. Both Tc
and

H

c
2

(
0
)

are the highest reported values for stoichiometric bulk samples at ambient pressure. We found a weak

H

c
2

anisotropy with

Γ
=

H

c
2

a
b

/

H

c
2

c

<
1

, which is unusual among superconductors. Under a magnetic field, the superconducting transition becomes broader and asymmetric. Along with the low critical currents, this observation suggests an inhomogeneous superconducting state. In fact, no trace of superconductivity is observed through field-cooling–zero-field-cooling magnetization experiments.
Robust room temperature perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and anomalous Hall effect of sputtered NiCo2O4 film
Authors: Zheng Biao , Ji Xianghao , Xue Mingzhu , Jia Caihong , Kang Chaoyang , Zhang Weifeng , Yang Jinbo , Tian Mingliang , Chen Xuegang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Inverse spinel ferrimagnetic NiCo2O4 (NCO) exhibits volatile physical properties due to the complex ion/valence occupation, which complicates the study its intrinsic properties. In this work, robust room temperature perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is distinctly observed in high-quality RF-sputtered NCO film down to 3 uc (2.4 nm), confirmed by the room temperature anomalous Hall effect. The NCO films show a good metallic conductivity with a dimensional driven metal-insulator transition. The scaling relation between anomalous Hall conductivity (

σ

x
y

) and the longitudinal conductivity (

σ

x
x

) reveals the dirty metal behavior in conjunction with the contribution of intrinsic Berry phase or disorder-enhanced electron correlation contribute to the anomalous Hall effect for thick films while the dirty scaling law dominates for the thin films. This work introduces an oxide candidate with robust room temperature PMA as well as massive production ability for the functional spintronic applications.
Radiation levels outside a patient undergoing 177Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy
Authors: Li Huan , Liu Haikuan , Zhang Weiyuan , Lin Xin , Li Zhiling , Zhuo Weihai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Understanding the spatial distribution of radiation levels outside of a patient undergoing 177Lu radioligand therapy is not only helpful for conducting correct tests for patient release, but also useful for estimation of its potential exposure to healthcare workers, caregivers, family members, and the general public. In this study, by mimicking the 177Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy for prostate cancers in an adult male, the spatial distribution of radiation levels outside of the phantom was simulated based on the Monte Carlo software of Particle and Heavy Ion Transport System, and verified by a series of measurements. Moreover, the normalized dose rates were further formulized on the three transverse planes representing the heights of pelvis, abdomen and chest. The results showed that the distributions of radiation levels were quite complex. Multi-directional and multi-height measurements are needed to ensure the external dose rate to meet the release criteria. In general, the radiation level was higher at the horizontal plane where the source was located, and the levels in front and behind of the body were higher than those of the left and right sides at the same height. The ratio of simulated dose rates to measured ones ranged from 0.82 to 1.19 within 1 m away from the body surface in all directions. Based on the established functions, the relative root mean square deviation between the calculated and simulated values were 0.21, 0.25 and 0.23 within a radius of 1 m on the pelvis, abdomen and chest transverse planes, respectively. It is expected that the results of this study would be helpful for guiding the test of extracorporeal radiation to determine the patient’s release, and of benefit to estimate the radiation exposure to others.
Towards the establishment of national diagnostic reference levels for abdomen, KUB, and lumbar spine x-ray examinations in Sri Lanka: a multi-centric study
Authors: Welarathna Sachith , Velautham Sivakumar , Sarasanandarajah Sivananthan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and achievable doses (ADs) provide guidance to optimise radiation doses for patients undergoing medical imaging procedures. This multi-centre study aimed to compare institutional DRLs (IDRLs) across hospitals, propose ADs and multi-centric DRLs (MCDRLs) for four common x-ray examinations in Sri Lanka, and assess the potential for dose reduction. A prospective cross-sectional study of 894 adult patients referred for abdomen anteroposterior (AP), kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) AP, lumbar spine AP, and lumbar spine lateral (LAT) x-ray examinations was conducted. Patient demographic information (age, sex, weight, BMI) and exposure parameters (tube voltage, tube current-exposure time product) were collected. Patient dose indicators were measured in terms of kerma-area product (PKA) using a PKA meter. IDRLs, ADs, and MCDRLs were calculated following the International Commission on Radiological Protection guidelines, with ADs and MCDRLs defined as the 50th and 75th percentiles of the median PKA distributions, respectively. IDRL ranges varied considerably across hospitals: 1.42–2.42 Gy cm2 for abdomen AP, 1.51–2.86 Gy cm2 for KUB AP, 0.83–1.65 Gy cm2 for lumbar spine AP, and 1.76–4.10 Gy cm2 for lumbar spine LAT. The proposed ADs were 1.82 Gy cm2 (abdomen AP), 2.03 Gy cm2 (KUB AP), 1.27 Gy cm2 (lumbar spine AP), and 2.21 Gy cm2 (lumbar spine LAT). MCDRLs were 2.24 Gy cm2 (abdomen AP), 2.40 Gy cm2 (KUB AP), 1.43 Gy cm2 (lumbar spine AP), and 2.38 Gy cm2 (lumbar spine LAT). Substantial intra- and inter-hospital variations in PKA were observed for all four examinations. Although ADs and MCDRLs in Sri Lanka were comparable to those in the existing literature, the identified intra- and inter-hospital variations underscore the need for dose reduction without compromising diagnostic information. Hospitals with high IDRLs are recommended to review and optimise their practices. These MCDRLs serve as preliminary national DRLs, guiding dose optimisation efforts by medical professionals and policymakers.
The pioneer of intelligent and sustainable construction in tunnel shotcrete applications: a comprehensive experimental and numerical study on a self-sensing and self-heating green cement-based composite
Authors: Abedi Mohammadmahdi , Gulisano Federico , Han Baoguo , Fangueiro Raul , Correia António Gomes 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, a self-sensing and self-heating natural fibre-reinforced cementitious composite for the shotcrete technique was developed using Kenaf fibres. For this purpose, a series of Kenaf fibre concentrations were subjected to initial chemical treatment, followed by integration into the cement-based composite containing hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The investigation encompassed an examination of mechanical, microstructural, sensing, and joule heating performances of the environmentally friendly shotcrete mixture, with subsequent comparisons drawn against a counterpart blend featuring a conventionally synthesized polypropylene (PP) fibre. Following the experimental phase, a comprehensive 3D nonlinear finite difference (3D NLFD) model of an urban twin road tunnel, completed with all relevant components, was meticulously formulated using the FLAC3D (fast lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimensions) code. This model was subjected to rigorous validation procedures. The performances of this green shotcrete mixture as the lining of the inner shell of the tunnel were assessed comparatively using this 3D numerical model under static and dynamic loading. The twin tunnel was subjected to a harmonic seismic load as a dynamic load with a duration of 15 s. The laboratory findings showed a reduction in the composite sensing and heating potentials in both cases of Kenaf and PP fibre reinforcement. Incorporating a specific quantity of fibre yields a substantial enhancement in both the mechanical characteristics and microstructural attributes of the composite. An analysis of digital image correlation demonstrated that Kenaf fibres were highly effective in controlling cracks in cement-based composites. Furthermore, based on the static and dynamic 3DNLFD analysis, this green cement-based composite demonstrated its potential for shotcrete applications as the lining of the inner shell of the tunnel. This study opens an appropriate perspective on the extensive and competent contribution of natural fibres for multifunctional sustainable, reliable and affordable cement-based composite developments for today’s world.
Photon correlations in the collective emission of hybrid gold-(CdSe/CdS/CdZnS) nanocrystal supraparticles
Authors: Blondot V , Gérard D , Quibeuf G , Arnold C , Delteil A , Bogicevic A , Pons T , Lequeux N , Buil S , Hermier J-P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate the photon statistics of the light emitted by single self-assembled hybrid gold-CdSe/CdS/CdZnS colloidal nanocrystal supraparticles through the detailed analysis of the intensity autocorrelation function g
(2)(τ). We first reveal that, despite the large number of nanocrystals involved in the supraparticle emission, antibunching can be observed. We then present a model based on non-coherent Förster energy transfer and Auger recombination that well captures photon antibunching. Finally, we demonstrate that some supraparticles exhibit a bunching effect at short time scales corresponding to coherent collective emission.
The impact of motion on onboard MRI-guided pencil beam scanned proton therapy treatments
Authors: Duetschler Alisha , Safai Sairos , Weber Damien C , Lomax Antony J , Zhang Ye 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Online magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance could be especially beneficial for pencil beam scanned (PBS) proton therapy of tumours affected by respiratory motion. For the first time to our knowledge, we investigate the dosimetric impact of respiratory motion on MRI-guided proton therapy compared to the scenario without magnetic field. Approach. A previously developed analytical proton dose calculation algorithm accounting for perpendicular magnetic fields was extended to enable 4D dose calculations. For two geometrical phantoms and three liver and two lung patient cases, static treatment plans were optimised with and without magnetic field (0, 0.5 and 1.5 T). Furthermore, plans were optimised using gantry angle corrections (0.5 T +5° and 1.5 T +15°) to reproduce similar beam trajectories compared to the 0 T reference plans. The effect of motion was then considered using 4D dose calculations without any motion mitigation and simulating 8-times volumetric rescanning, with motion for the patient cases provided by 4DCT(MRI) data sets. Each 4D dose calculation was performed for different starting phases and the CTV dose coverage V
95% and homogeneity D
5%–D
95% were analysed. Main results. For the geometrical phantoms with rigid motion perpendicular to the beam and parallel to the magnetic field, a comparable dosimetric effect was observed independent of the magnetic field. Also for the five 4DCT(MRI) cases, the influence of motion was comparable for all magnetic field strengths with and without gantry angle correction. On average, the motion-induced decrease in CTV V
95% from the static plan was 17.0% and 18.9% for 1.5 T and 0.5 T, respectively, and 19.9% without magnetic field. Significance. For the first time, this study investigates the combined impact of magnetic fields and respiratory motion on MR-guided proton therapy. The comparable dosimetric effects irrespective of magnetic field strength indicate that the effects of motion for future MR-guided proton therapy may not be worse than for conventional PBS proton therapy.
SAPPHIRE —establishment of small animal proton and photon image-guided radiation experiments
Authors: Schneider Moritz , Schilz Joshua D , Schürer Michael , Gantz Sebastian , Dreyer Anne , Rothe Gert , Tillner Falk , Bodenstein Elisabeth , Horst Felix , Beyreuther Elke 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The in vivo evolution of radiotherapy necessitates innovative platforms for preclinical investigation, bridging the gap between bench research and clinical applications. Understanding the nuances of radiation response, specifically tailored to proton and photon therapies, is critical for optimizing treatment outcomes. Within this context, preclinical in vivo experimental setups incorporating image guidance for both photon and proton therapies are pivotal, enabling the translation of findings from small animal models to clinical settings. The SAPPHIRE project represents a milestone in this pursuit, presenting the installation of the small animal radiation therapy integrated beamline (SmART+ IB, Precision X-Ray Inc., Madison, Connecticut, USA) designed for preclinical image-guided proton and photon therapy experiments at University Proton Therapy Dresden. Through Monte Carlo simulations, low-dose on-site cone beam computed tomography imaging and quality assurance alignment protocols, the project ensures the safe and precise application of radiation, crucial for replicating clinical scenarios in small animal models. The creation of Hounsfield lookup tables and comprehensive proton and photon beam characterizations within this system enable accurate dose calculations, allowing for targeted and controlled comparison experiments. By integrating these capabilities, SAPPHIRE bridges preclinical investigations and potential clinical applications, offering a platform for translational radiobiology research and cancer therapy advancements.
Three-row MRI receive array with remote circuitry to preserve radiation transparency
Authors: Lakshmanan Karthik , Wang Bili , Walczyk Jerzy , Collins Christopher M , Brown Ryan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Up to this point, 1.5 T linac-compatible coil array layouts have been restricted to one or two rows of coils because of the desire to place radiation-opaque circuitry adjacent to the coils and outside the window through which the linac beam travels. Such layouts can limit parallel imaging performance. The purpose of this work was to design and build a three-row array in which remotely located circuits permitted a central row of coils while preserving the radiolucent window. Approach. The remote circuits consisted of a phase shifter to cancel the phase introduced by the coaxial link between the circuit and coil, followed by standard components for tuning, matching, detuning, and preamplifier decoupling. Tests were performed to compare prototype single-channel coils with remote or local circuits, which were followed by tests comparing two and three-row arrays . Main results. The single-channel coil with the remote circuit maintained 85% SNR at depths of 30 mm or more as compared to a coil with local circuit. The three-row array provided similar SNR as the two-row array, along with geometry factor advantages for parallel imaging acceleration in the head–foot direction. Significance. The remote circuit strategy could potentially support future MR-linac arrays by allowing greater flexibility in array layout compared to those confined by local circuits, which can be leveraged for parallel imaging acceleration.