bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kekuatan Normatif Diplomasi Lingkungan Uni Eropa Dalam Conference of the Parties (COP) 26
Authors: Gultom Yosua Saut Marulitua , Manurung Steven Montesquieu , Hutauruk Muhammad David Ferdian , Wijaya Muhammad Farid Gibran , Augustin Aliffa 
Published: February 2024

In 1992, the United Nations convened the world's largest and most important climate- related conference, the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During the event, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted. Through the UNFCCC, countries agree to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to prevent harmful interference from human activities in the climate system. The treaty now has 197 signatures. Since 1994, the United Nations has brought together almost every country in the world to attend the World Climate Summit (Conference of the Parties (COP)) which is usually held every year. This scientific article raises the commitment of the European Union (EU) in implementing COP 26 through environmental diplomacy analysis. This scientific article aims to identify and analyze the European Union's commitment to cooperation in COP 26 in dealing with all environmental problems. Scientific articles use qualitative research methods based on literature studies. The result of this scientific article is that the European Union conducts environmental diplomacy through COP 26 by carrying out the discussions in COP 26. The conclusion of this scientific article is that COP 26 has several objectives that must be carried out by the countries involved, including the EU.

Pada tahun 1992, PBB menyelenggarakan konferensi terkait iklim terbesar dan terpenting di dunia ialah KTT Bumi di Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Selama acara tersebut, Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)) diadopsi. Melalui UNFCCC, negara-negara sepakat untuk menstabilkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer untuk mencegah gangguan berbahaya dari aktivitas manusia di dalam sistem iklim. Perjanjian itu sekarang memiliki 197 tanda tangan. Sejak tahun 1994, PBB mempertemukan hampir setiap negara di dunia untuk menghadiri KTT Iklim Dunia (Conference of the Parties (COP)) yang biasa dilakukan di setiap tahunnya. Artikel ilmiah ini mengangkat komitmen Uni Eropa (UE) dalam melaksanakan COP 26 melalui analisis diplomasi lingkungan. Artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis komitmen kerjasama Uni Eropa di dalam COP 26 di dalam penanganan perubahan iklim. Artikel ilmiah memakai metode penelitian kualitatif berdasarkan studi literatur. Hasil dari artikel ilmiah ini ialah Uni Eropa mengadakan diplomasi lingkungan melalui COP 26 dengan menjalankan bahasan-bahasan di dalam COP 26. Kesimpulan dari artikel ilmiah ini ialah COP 26 memiliki beberapa tujuan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh negara-negara yang terlibat, termasuk UE.
Eksternalisasi Konflik Internal Yaman Dalam Kerangka Analisis Internationalization of Conflict Theory
Authors: Heriamsal Krisman , Manurung Felix Broson , Rahmat Rhin Khairina 
Published: February 2024

This research discusses the Yemen conflict that was originally internal and then transformed into an international conflict due to the externalization process. The author sees that the increasingly complex development of the Yemen conflict was affected by the intervention of external actors in the conflict. This research aims to find out how Yemen's internal conflict transformed into an international conflict using the analytical framework of the Internationalization of Conflict Theory. Therefore, in examining the externalization of Yemen's internal conflict, the author uses the concept of escalation, with qualitative research methods. The research results show that the externalization of Yemen's internal conflict is demonstrated through the involvement of external actors such as Saudi Arabia and its coalition, the United States, Britain, France, Iran, and ISIS. In this case, the escalation of the Yemen conflict occurred because of the geographical proximity between Yemen and several countries such as Saudi Arabia, the similarity of identity or ideology between internal parties and external parties who intervened in the Yemen conflict, as well as the opportunities and interests of foreign parties in the Yemen conflict.

Penelitian ini membahas tentang konflik Yaman yang semula bersifat internal kemudian mengalami transformasi menjadi konflik internasional karena adanya proses eksternalisasi. Penulis melihat perkembangan konflik Yaman yang semakin kompleks sangat dipengaruhi oleh intervensi pihak asing dalam konflik tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana konflik internal Yaman bertransformasi menjadi konflik internasional dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis Internationalization of conflict theory. Oleh karena itu, dalam menelaah eksternalisasi konflik internal Yaman, penulis menggunakan konsep eskalasi, dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Eksternalisasi konflik internal Yaman ditunjukkan melalui keterlibatan aktor eksternal seperti, Arab Saudi dan koalisinya, Amerika Serikat, Inggris, Prancis, Iran, dan ISIS. Dalam hal ini, Eskalasi konflik Yaman terjadi karena adanya kedekatan secara geografis antara Yaman dengan sejumlah negara seperti Arab Saudi, adanya kesamaan identitas maupun ideologi antara pihak internal dengan pihak eksternal yang mengintervensi konflik Yaman, serta adanya peluang dan kepentingan pihak asing dalam konflik Yaman.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CELEBRITY ENDOSER AND SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON BRAND AWARENESS IN E-COMMERCE CUSTOMERS
Authors: Zulkarnaen Wandy , Fitriani Iis Dewi 
Published: February 2024

With the Covid-19 pandemic, technological disruption is increasingly rapid and increasing, causing people to carry out activities from home. This makes companies increase new creations and innovations to survive the competition, so companies use celebrity endorsers as promotional media and increase social media marketing to build brand awareness. This research is quantitative research using a non-probability sampling method with a sample size of 100 respondents obtained through distributing Google forms. The measurement scale carried out by researchers used the Bipolar Adjective scale using multiple linear regression techniques which were processed using SPSS 26. The results of this research are that celebrity endorsers and social media marketing have a positive influence with correlation coefficient values of 0.460 and 0.118 on brand awareness. The significance value of celebrity endorsers is 0.000 and the significance value of social media marketing is 0.044, which means less than 0.005, indicating that the influence of celebrity endorsers and social media marketing on brand awareness is acceptable or significant.
Theoretical study of the working body of a centrifugal type mixing plant
Authors: Teterin V. S. , Panfеrov N. S. , Pehnov S. A. , Pestryakov E. V. , Ovchinnikov A. Yu. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The use of fertilizers in the agro-industrial complex is an important means to ensure sustainable development, food and environmental security. The scientific application of various types of fertilizers can reduce the negative impact on natural ecosystems, as well as optimize the use of resources and take into account the individual needs of each plant. Due to the balanced composition and biological modification by chelate complexes, fertilizer mixture has increased biological efficiency and stimulate plant growth. At the same time, there is an urgent task of obtaining mixtures that have a high degree of uniformity. In this connection, the requirements for the mixing equipment are very high, since the structural and kinematic parameters are the most important factors affecting the stability of the mixing process and the uniformity of the final mixture.Methods. Based on the analysis of existing mixing plants, the authors proposed the concept of a centrifugal type mixing plant with a working body in the form of a conical surface. In the course of the research, the processes occurring during the operation of the working body, the proposed centrifugal mixer, were studied using methods of mathematical analysis, graphical and mathematical modelling.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the greatest influence on the change in the absolute velocity of the granules is exerted by the circumferential velocity of the granules, which is largely determined by the rotation frequency and parameters of the conical surface. In turn, it was found that over time, the angle between the direction of the absolute velocity of the fertilizer granules and the forming conical surface tends to the direction of the circumferential velocity, while with increasing rotation frequency, this indicator changes more rapidly.
Evaluation of effectiveness and optimisation of the process of fermentation of oat drink with lactic acid microorganisms
Authors: Popova N. V. , Kalinina I. V. , Vasiliev A. K. , Kameneva K. S. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The development of lactose-free probiotic products has recently attracted the attention of many scientists. Such products are especially interesting for people with individual characteristics of the body, in particular intolerance to the chemical components of milk, or their own food preferences. As a food system for obtaining a probiotic product, plant-based drinks are increasingly being used: oatmeal, rice, soy almond and others. Plant-based drinks provide a range of nutrients, and fermentation processes using lactic acid microorganisms can enrich them with functional ingredients such as probiotics.The purpose of the study is to evaluate the possibility of fermentation of oatmeal drink by strains of probiotic lactic acid microorganisms and to search for optimal modes of this process.Methods. Fermentation of a non-alcoholic beverage from vegetable raw materials “Oat milk” was carried out using a starter culture Danisco Choozit MA 11 25 DCU, including Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris. The efficiency of the process was assessed by the accumulation of biomass, titratable and active acidity, lactic acid accumulation, and the most likely number of probiotic microorganisms. Additionally, the influence of the functional component — routine — on the activity of changes in these indicators was assessed.Results. The possibility of adaptation of lactic acid bacteria in the plant environment of an oat drink was established, the addition of rutin contributed to the activation of the fermentation process. The increase in the biomass of lactic acid bacteria without the introduction of rutin was 150%, and when applied — 230%. The variation of the temperature factor during fermentation of the drink for 12–20 hours allowed us to establish the optimum for the accumulation of lactic acid — 16 hours at a temperature of 34.7 °C. The number of probiotic microorganisms in the finished drink was 3.8–5.2 × 107, which makes it possible to classify drinks as functional products with probiotics. Thus, the research results confirm the possibility of using an oat-based vegetable drink for fermentation by lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris. The research was carried out with the financial support of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (RGNF) within the framework of the project 23-26-10063.
Variability of metabolic markers in the blood of dairy goats with different dynamics of milk yield in the first half of lactation
Authors: Leibova V. B. , Pozovnikova M. V. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The aim of the study was to study the biochemical profile of blood in the first three months after lambing in first-year goats with different dynamics of milk yield in the first half of lactation.Methods. The work was carried out on a farm with intensive technology for keeping goats of the Zaanen breed (Leningrad region). Blood sampling was carried out in the spring and summer period: on the 20th– 30th day, 50–60 days and 80–90 days after lambing. The concentration of total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides was determined in the blood serum. To analyze the biochemical profile of the blood at the end of the 4th month of lactation, the goats were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 9) included animals that reached maximum milk yield in the 2nd month of lactation, group II (n = 8) included individuals with peak milk yield in the 3rd month of lactation. Milk yield for the first three months after lambing did not differ between the groups.Results. At the 4th month of lactation, milk yield was 22.3% higher in group II (pAdjusted < 0.05). Two of the seven biochemical blood parameters showed a difference: in group I, the blood glucose concentration on the 50–60 days after lambing was 7.7% lower (pAdjusted < 0.05), and the serum creatinine content on the 80–90 days was 10.1% higher (pAdjusted < 0.01) compared with group II. These differences may be due to the peculiarities of adaptation to metabolic load in first-year goats with different time periods from lambing to reaching maximum milk yield.
Influence of ultrafine particles of copper and iron on the intestinal microbiocenosis of broiler chicken
Authors: Kvan O. V. , Sizova E. A. , Vershinina I. A. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. Studying the bacterial diversity of the intestine under the influence of various factors makes it possible to study changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition under the influence of various factors.Methods. In our work, we studied the bacterial profile of samples of the contents of the cecum of broiler chickens. To assess the effect of ultrafine particles of Cu and Fe on the metabolism in the body of animals fed a semi-synthetic diet, 120 heads of one-week-old broiler chickens were selected, which were divided into 4 groups (n = 30) using the analog pair method. During the experiment, all birds were under the same housing and feeding conditions. The duration of the experiment was 28 days. To solve the problems, broiler chickens were used, which were supplemented with ultrafine Cu and Fe particles in their diet in order to study their effect on the microbiocenosis of the poultry digestive system. Using the analogue pair method, four groups of 30 broiler chickens each at the age of 7 days were formed. During the study, housing and feeding conditions were identical for all groups. The study was conducted over 4 weeks. For feeding, we prepared a semi-synthetic diet (K1) and a semi-synthetic diet, deficient in microelements, modified by us (K2).Results. The use of ultrafine copper and iron particles has been shown to alter the intestinal bacterial community of broiler chickens. Thus, based on the data, we can conclude that obligate bacteria in the cecum of birds can modulate the level of accumulation of chemical elements in the bird’s body when various substances are introduced. According to the data obtained, ultrafine iron particles made it possible to maintain the normal diversity of the digestive microbiota of poultry, which was expressed, among other things, in a decrease in the number of representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family, which includes representatives of pathogenic and opportunistic taxa, while the introduction of ultrafine copper particles contributed to an increase in the number of representatives of this family.
Meat qualities of crossbred young pigs
Authors: Belookov A. A. , Rebezov M. B. , Stvolov S. S. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance.Interbreeding and hybridization are important factors in increasing pig productivity. As a result of the heterosis effect, the multiplicity of sows increases, the safety of offspring increases, the growth rate of young animals improves, the quality of meat improves and, as a result, the profitability of the pig industry increases.The paper presents an assessment of the meat qualities of local young pigs obtained as a result of industrial three-breed crossing.Methods.To implement the scientific and economic experience, three groups of sows of pairs of analogues of a large white breed from the Hypor company (KB Hypor) were formed. Sows of the 1st group were crossed with boars of the Landrace breed from the PIC company (Landrace Pic), the 2nd — with boars of the Landrace breed from the Genesus Genetics company (Landrace Genesus), the 3rd — with boars of the Landrace breed from the Hypor company (Landrace Hypor). As a result, two-breed crossbreeds (F1) were obtained. Next, crossbred sows (F1) of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups were crossed with boars of the Duroc breed from Genesus Genetics, as a result, commercial young (F2) were obtained.Results.According to the research results, it was found that the highest pre-slaughter live weight was obtained from animals of the 1st group (125.12 kg), which is more than in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, respectively, by 5.8% and 4.0%. Studies of the chemical composition of the longest back muscle of young pigs showed that the protein content in all meat samples was in the range of 23–24% with a minimum value (23.31%) in the muscle tissue of animals of the 3rd experimental group, and the maximum (23.7%) in the 1st experimental group (the difference was 0.39%). The amount of intramuscular fat in the meat of animals of the 1st (5.57%) and 2nd (6.30%) groups was significantly higher by 1.23% and 1.96%, respectively, compared with analogues of the 3rd group. The minimum pH level of meat was noted in the 1st experimental group (5.51 pH units), the maximum — in the 2nd experimental group (5.56 pH units), the difference was 0.05 pH units. The largest mass fraction of collagen (1.11%) was obtained in the 3rd group, the smallest — in the 1st experimental group (0.66%), the difference was 0.45%.
The influence of individual elements of agricultural technology on the productivity of durum wheat in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region
Authors: Frizen Yu. V. , Nekrasova E. V. , Gaivas A. A. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. For the manufacture of high-quality pasta, durum wheat grain is used. Improving the productivity of hard spring wheat is an urgent task. The formation of a powerful root system is the key to the full supply of nutrients and plastic substances to the plant. Increased productivity, the number of spikebearing shoots. Plants become more resistant to adverse environmental factors, which is important for spring durum wheat, which is more demanding than spring soft wheat. The timing of sowing and especially the application of mineral fertilizers are a significant factor affecting not only the formation of individual elements of the crop structure, which subsequently form the productivity of plants, but also the formation of the root system. To do this, it is necessary to choose the optimal sowing time, at which the critical phases of plant development fall under the most favorable agrometeorological conditions and the formation of the most powerful root system.Results. The conducted studies allow us to recommend the most optimal terms of sowing and the use of fertilizers to ensure the efficiency of growing durum spring wheat. In dry conditions, when sowing crops without applying fertilizers, sowing in the second ten days of May is most effective. If it is possible to apply nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, it is better to sow durum spring wheat in the second and third decades of May.
Features of the formation of yield and quality of durum spring wheat in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Lozhkin A. G. , Vasiliev O. A. , Dimitriev V. L. , Kayukova O. V. , Yakovleva M. I. 
Published: February 2024

Relevance. The main areas of durum wheat cultivation are located in the regions of the Lower and Middle Volga region, the southern Urals and the southern regions of Siberia. The Chuvash Republic is not a traditional region for the cultivation of spring durum wheat. The development of varietal technologies that take into account the adaptive potential of the crop, taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the region, is especially relevant for expanding the area of cultivation of this crop.Methods. To conduct research in the conditions of the Chuvash Republic, a single-factor experiment was carried out in six repetitions with five varieties of spring durum wheat: Bezenchukskaya 139, Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya, Luch 25, Kargala 223, Annushka. Records and observations were carried out according to the methods of state variety testing.Results. The highest tillering indicators were noted in the standard variety, where the indicators of general and productive tillering were 1.8 and 1.7, respectively, and in the Luch 25 variety — 1.9 and 1.6 respectively. The largest number of productive stems for harvesting was formed by varieties of the Bezenchuk selection, the lowest indicator — 458 pcs. per 1 sq. m was shown by the Kargal variety 223. The best indicators of the yield structure on average for two years should be noted in the varieties Bezenchukskaya 139 and Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya. The lowest indicators on the structure of the crop are noted in the varieties Kargala 223 and Annushka. The most full-weight grain on average for two years was formed by the varieties Luch 25, where the mass of 1000 grains was 42.9 g, Annushka — 42.4 g, Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya — 40.9 g. The highest yield was provided by the varieties Bezenchukskaya (139–3.41 t/ha) and Bezenchukskaya zolotistaya (3.19 t/ha).
US efforts to evacuate its citizens from Europe During World War II 1939-1944 (documentary study
Authors: Almansory Asst Professor. Muntaha Sabri Maula 
Published: February 2024

With the emergence of signs of the outbreak of World War II, the United States of America began a policy to warn its citizens against the expansion of that war throughout Europe, especially in Britain and France, the two countries in which American nationals are most present, as well as being the two countries most exposed to war by Germany, so the US government was At first, a warning policy, but with the development of events in 1939, it issued the March statement, which included the conditions for evacuating nationals from European countries months before the outbreak of the war, and stipulated the terms of transportation from European countries to the United States of America. The United States was distinguished in its evacuation policy, after issuing a statement Issuing the March 1939 statement, US President Roosevelt took an appeal to Germany and Italy via oral messages through conferences he held in his country with the aim of conveying his country’s voice to the warring countries to end that war before it expanded. From Europe, and in fact, the years 1939-1941 witnessed extensive measures to facilitate the transfer of nationals With the entry of the United States into the war on the side of the Allies, it adopted a strict policy towards Germany and Italy, which refused to facilitate the task of transferring their nationals from the occupied lands and detained them. Therefore, the American government rushed to block the German and Italian nationals present on its lands until the task of transferring its nationals was facilitated by the German and Italian governments.
The Swiss government made these cases follow up on behalf of the US government, which withdrew its ambassadors from Europe because of the war, and as soon as the war ended, the United States had transferred most of its citizens except for those who refused to return to the country.