bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of adequate nutrition in closure of small intestinal fistulas
Authors: Himal Harry S , Allard Jean R , Nadeau Jacques E , Freeman Joel B , Maclean Lloyd D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Ninety-one patients with small intestinal fistula, exclusive of the peforated duodenal stump and fistula in patients with carcinomatosis, were treated over the period 1960–73.
Four regimens were used which permit comparison of early surgery, late surgery and nutritional support without surgery (1500–5000 kcal daily by the intravenous route). A lower mortality (8 per cent) resulted when patients were supported nutritionally combined with late definitive surgery if required after the peritonitis had subsided. The other groups in which no special effort at nutritional support was made resulted in a 33 per cent mortality rate.
Spontaneous closure of the fistula occurred in 21 per cent of the group without nutrition and in 56 per cent of the nutrition group. Definitive late surgery was required for distal obstruction, Crohn's disease and undrained abscess.
Total intravenous feeding is especially important in patients with fistula associated with peritonitis and sepsis.
Carriage of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the hair
Authors: Black W A , Bannerman Christina M , Black D A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Using an improved technique for sampling, the carriage rate of Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus in the hair was studied in two groups of surgical inpatients and two control groups drawn from the hospital stag and a hospital outpatients' clinic. No significant differences in the hair carriage rate of Gram-negative bacilli were observed between the patients and the control groups, or between patients with and without Gram-negative wound infection. The hair carriage rate of Staph. aureus was highest in the hospital staff group, and was significantly higher also in the outpatient control group than in the inpatient groups. The potential implications of these findings on hospital infection are discussed.
Short term routine antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery
Authors: Stokes E J , Waterworth P M , Franks V , Watson B , Clark C G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of two doses only of tobramycin (or gentamicin) plus lincomycin timed to cover the operative and immediate postoperative period was tested in a double blind trial. Evidence is presented that wound infection was reduced. No acquired bacterial resistance was encountered nor is this likely after such short term therapy.
Routine use of this régime is recommended for all operations in which colonized viscera or infected body cavities have to be handled or opened.
Breast cancer and the immune response
Authors: Tee D E H , Pettingale K W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Patients with malignant disease including that of the breast may show specific immune reactions against their own tumours, and as the disease progresses other immune reactions may be depressed. The current controversy surrounding regional lymph node therapy in early breast cancer is discussed. Ideas about the further immunological investigation of patients with breast cancer are outlined.
The effects of carotid endarterectomy on the mechanical properties of the carotid sinus and carotid sinus nerve activity in atherosclerotic patients
Authors: Angell-James Jennifer E , Lumley J S P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The hypothesis that instability of blood pressure occurring after carotid endarterectomy is related to interference with mechanical properties of the arterial wall in the region of the carotid sinus was investigated in 11 patients undergoing carotid surgery for transient ischaemic neurological disturbances. The operative procedure was found to change the mechanical properties of the arterial wall, there being an overall increase in diameter and reduction in distensibility, and these changes were reflected in the recorded change of spontaneous sinus nerve activity and the systemic blood pressure. It is suggested that the sinus nerve and carotid baroreceptor region should be carefully preserved during carotid endarterectomy to prevent reflex postoperative hypertension. Should hypotension occur in the postoperative phase it can be treated by local anaesthesia of the sinus region, anaesthetic blockade being maintained until secondary adaptation of the receptors takes place.
The treatment of advanced bladder cancer with sensitized pig lymphocytes
Authors: Feneley R C L , Eckert H , Riddell A G , Symes M O , Tribe C R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-five patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder have been treated by infusion of sensitized pig lymph node cells into the arterial blood supply of the tumour. In 7 cases pig cell infusion was the only treatment, in a further 7 patients pig cells were given in the treatment of a major tumour recurrence following radiotherapy and in 11 patients pig cell infusion was followed after 4-8 weeks by an attenuated course of radiotherapy. In these three treatment groups 2, 3 and 9 patients respectively obtained clinical benefit and biopsy showed histological change.
The physical and bacteriological properties of disposable and non-disposable suction drainage units in the laboratory
Authors: Lumley J S P , Britton B J , Chattopadhyay B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The physical and bacteriological properties of disposable and non-disposable suction units have been studied in the laboratory. The disposable units which operate at a lower suction pressure were found to be subject to spontaneous loss of vacuum, while positional change of the containers of the magnitude encountered in clinical practice could easily produce reversal of flow from the container. The incidence of contamination in the systems in a laboratory model designed to simulate the ward situation was higher in the disposable units.
The results of reoperation for bile vomiting following surgery for peptic ulcer
Authors: Griffiths J M T , Smith A N , Small W P , Falconer C W A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A retrospective study is presented of 91 patients (72 male and 19 female) who underwent remedial surgery in the Gastro–intestinal Unit, Western General Hospital, between 1958 and 1972 for bile vomiting following surgery for peptic ulcer. The mean follow–up period was 5.2 years.
Fifty-eight (63.8 per cent) patients had undergone a previous gastric resection, 26 (28.5 per cent)a vagotomy and drainage operation and 7 (77 per cent)a gastrojejunostomy alone.
At reoperation no abnormality could be found to account for the vomiting in 29 (30.9 per cent)patients, 52 (57.1 per cent) had an obstructed afferent loop, efferent loop or stoma and 6 (6.6 per cent) had acute gastritis only. Twelve (13.2 per cent)patients had a recurrent ulcer. Preoperative barium meal examination and gastroscopy together correcrly indicated the operative findings in 846 per cent of cases.
For bile vomiting following Polya gastrectomy 64–68 per cent of those who had a Roux-en- Y conversion or an isoperistaltic jejunal interposition obtained lasting relief of symptoms, as against 55 per cent of patients who had their Polya anastomosis converted to a Billroth Z type. Where the original operation had been a vagotomy and drainage procedure 71 per cent of those converted to a Polya gastrectomy did well, but conversion to a different type of drainage or refashioning of the existing anastomosis was successful in only 40 per cent.
The results in 28 patients with a concomitant psychoneurosis were not significantly different from those in the rest of the group.
The place of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer
Authors: Hennessy T P J , Whelton M J , Brady M P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Forty-seven patients with chronic duodenal ulceration have had a pylorus-preserving gastrectomy carried out.
The mean reduction in maximal acid output after the procedure was 65 per cent. Pyloric sphincter function appeared normal postoperatively and gastric emptying time was slow without stasis. Postoperative dumping was absent and there has been no evidence of recurrence. In spite of retention of a cuff of antrum circulating gastrin levels are greatly reduced.
The results appear to justify the use of the procedure for uncomplicated duodenal ulcer.
Epidural analgesia following cholecystectomy
Authors: Addison N V , Brear F A , Budd K , Whittaker M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a prospective study of 50 patients undergoing cholecystectomy epidural analgesia was found to be more effective than pethidine in achieving adequate postoperative analgesia. Pain was assessed using the visual linear analogue. In patients receiving epidural analgesia there was a 16 per cent reduction in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection compared with the control group. The small but significant number of complications arising and the time involved during anaesthesia may preclude the method from wider adoption, but it is suggested that epidural analgesia should be considered in high risk patients.
Gastrin response to food in duodenal ulcer patients before and after selective or highly selective vagotomy
Authors: Stadil F , Rehfeld J F , Christiansen P M , Kronborg O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The role of the vagus in the gastrin response to a steak meal was investigated in patients with duodenal ulcer. Thirty patients were studied before and after vagal denervation of the entire stomach (selective vagotomy and s pyloroplasty). Basal and stimulated gastrin concentrations in serum, as determined by radio-immunoassay, were higher postoperatively (87 pre-/III postopera-tively (basal)and 2431341 (peak) pglml). Thirty other patients were studied before and after denervation of the gastric body (highly selective vagotomy). Bnsnl and stimulated gastrin concentrations were also higher postoperatively in these patients (94/133 and 277/343 pg/ml respectively). The differences between the two groups were insignificant. Between individuals, gastrin responses varied markedly, but pre- and postoperative responses were positively related within the same subject. No differences were observed between patients with ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ Hollander responses to insulin. In 6 subjects studied 2 and 14 weeks postoperatively no difference was apparent between the two studies.
It is concluded that antral branches of the vagi play only a minor role, if any, in the gastrin response to food.
Recurrent pneumococcal peritonitis associated with an intra-uterine contraceptive device
Authors: Herbert Timothy J , Mortimer P P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of recurrent pneumococcal peritonitis is reported in which it appears that an intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD) was implicafed in the infection. The pathogenesis and management of the condition are discussed.
Fibrous histiocytoma of the thumb
Authors: Helal B , Currey H L F , Vernon-Roberts B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A young man with a 20-year history of agonizing pain arising from a lump which was overlying the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of his left thumb. This was unrelieved by surgery carried out 3 years after the onset of symptoms. Further operation was performed and the lesion proved to be a fibrous histiocytoma. The differential diagnosis is discussed.
Partial thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Gough A L , Neill R W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a study of 235 consecutive patients who had undergone partial thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis 86 per cent of the patients who were traced were euthyroid. Only 9 per cent had developed hypothyroidism and 4per cent had become toxic again. It is concluded that the partial operation will render the great majority of patients euthyroid and that the subtotal operation should be abandoned.
The single thyroid nodule and carcinoma
Authors: Messaris G , Kyriakou K , Vasilopoulos P , Tountas C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A review of 568 cases of single thyroid nodule operated upon during the period 1960–72 is presented.
Females were more frequently affected than males, the ratio being 8.6:1. The right lobe was more frequently involved (57.6 per rent) than the left. The nodules in our series were classified according to the scintiscan findings as follows: cold 466 cases (82 per cent), warm 32 cases (5.6 per cent) and hot or toxic 70 cases (12.4 per cent). The incidence of carcinoma was 12 per cent and 6.2 per cent in cold and warm nodules respectively. No malignancy was found in either hot nodules or toxic adenomas. The incidence of carcinoma was higher in male patients and significantly higher in patients of over 60 years.
The effect of posture on the gastric emptying of solid meals in normal subjects and patients after vagotomy
Authors: Hancock B D , Bowen-Jones E , Dixon R , Testa T , Dymock I W , Cowley D J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of posture on gastric emptying of solid meals has been studied in normal subjects and compared with the effect in patients who had recently had either a truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty or a highly selective vagotomy. The meal was labelled with 51Cr and emptying monitored with a gamma camera.
The stomach of the normal subjects emptied at the same rate whether they were standing up or lying down. Patients tested less than 3 months aflev truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty and also after highly selective vagotomy had significantly faster (P &lt; 0.01) gastric emptying when standing than when lying down. Afrer trunral vagotomy and pyloroplasty emptying was significantly slower than normal when lying down but normal when standing. After highly selective vagotomy emptying was normal when lying down but significantly faster than normal when standing.
A trial of 1-(2-chlorethyl)-3-(4-methyl-cyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea in the treatment of patients with advanced gastro-intestinal cancer
Authors: Giles G R , Hall R , Brennan T G , Worthy T S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper describes an uncontrolled preliminary study of a nitrosourea drug 1-(2-chlorethyl)-3-(4-methyl-cyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea, testing its activity against advanced gastro-intestinal cancer. Used as a single agent in a single oral dose, the objective remission rate was only II per cent. Palliation of symptoms was achieved in one-third of the cases. Side-effects were commonly seen, with immediate nausea and vomiting in two-thirds of the patients and evidence of bone marrow suppression in 55 per cent. This particular nitrosourea derivative does not appear to have a significant advantage over other forms of cytotoxic therapy when used as a single agent.
The effect of elastic stockings on superficial venous pressures in patients with venous insufficiency
Authors: Somerville J J F , Brow G O , Byrne P J , Quill R D , Fegan W G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Relief of symptoms and alterations of superficial venous pressures as a result of wearing elastic stockings were assessed in 12 patients with varicose veins. The effect of wearing elastic stockings on superficial venous pressures was measured in 10 normal volunteers.
In the group of patients continuous elastic stocking compression produced relief of symptoms and a lowering of the venous ambulatory pressure.
The influence of haemoglobin and platelet levels on the results of arterial surgery
Authors: Bouhoutsos John , Morris Tom , Chavatzas Demetrios , Martin Peter 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The early complications of 445 arterial operations were analysed with reference to the preoperative haemoglobin concentration and platelet count. The haemoglobin levels were compared with those of 200 non-arteriosclerotic control subjects, and the influence of cigarette smoking on the haemoglobin levels of both groups was assessed. It was concluded that smoking did not affect the haemoglobin levels and that arterio-sclerotic patients tended to have higher haemoglobin levels than normal controls. It seems that the higher the haemoglobin or platelet level the greater is the risk of complications at or soon after operation.
The response of the lower oesophageal sphincter to maximal doses of pentagastrin
Authors: Trindade L M , Rosenberg I L , Rozycki Z J , Giles G R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Measurements of the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and gastric secretion were made in patients with dyspepsia but no reflux and in patients with a hiatus hernia and reflux in response to a near maximal dose of pentagastrin. Patients with hiatus hernia had lower resting sphincter pressures than those with dyspepsia. The magnitude of the pressure rise following pentagastrin was related to the resting tone of the sphincter. However, in terms of percentage increase over resting sphincteric pressure, patients with dyspepsia and patients with a hiatus hernia had similar responses.
The occult osteomatous changes in the mandible in patients with familial polyposis coli
Authors: Utsunomiya Joji , Nakamura Tadashi 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Characteristic radio-opaque lesions were detected in the mandibular bone, most clearly on the panoramic X-ray, in 27 or 93·2 per cent out of 29 cases in 15 families with familial polyposis coli, including 21 cases without Gardner's stigmata, 7 cases with the incomplete syndrome and 1 with the complete syndrome.
Only 3 out of 19 members of these families who were free from polyposis had radio-opaque jaw lesions. The cases with polyposis of other types also showed a negative result.
The radiological diagnosis suggested that the lesions were of the character of endosteoma. Our observation is considered to be significant evidence in the understanding of the pathogenesis of Gardner's syndrome as well as a useful method for the early detection of carriers in the polyposis family.
The relationship between ultrasound assessment and angiography in occlusive arterial disease of the lower limb
Authors: Chamberlain J , Housley E , Macpherson A I S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The Doppler ultrasound technique has been used to assess the haemodynamics of the peripheral circulation in patients with arterial disease. Using this method the resting pressure index and the response after exercise of the systolic pressure at the ankle was determined in 62 limbs.
Following exercise, four patterns of abnormal response to exercise were found and graded in severity from 1 to 4. A single aorto-iliac lesion was associated with a normal or slightly reduced resting pressure index but with a severe reduction of pressure (grade 3–4) after exercise. A single femoropopliteal lesion was usually associated with a low resting pressure index but only a slight (grade 1–2) fall after exercise.
A low resting pressure index and a severe postexercise grade were found in patients with multiple occlusions. Disease of the profunda femoris artery was associated usually with both a low resting pressure index and a grade 3–4 post-exercise curve.
Phenol sympathectomy in the treatment of intermittent claudication: A controlled clinical trial
Authors: Fyfe T , Quin R O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-five patients with intermittent claudication were randomly allocated to treatment either by injection of phenol into the lumbar sympathetic chain or by injection of local anaesthetic subcutaneously. On the day after the injection, sympathectomy, assessed by skin temperature change, was achieved in 85 per cent of the phenol group.
At 1 month subjective improvement was claimed by 45 per cent of the patients in the sympathectomized group and by 64 per cent in the control group; at 3 months the figures were 25 and 45 per cent respectively.
Treadmill testing at two exercise loads showed no significant difference in claudication distance or stopping time between the two groups. Calf blood pressure response following exercise was not affected by sympathectomy.
There is no subjective or objective evidence that phenol sympathectomy improves intermittent claudication.
Nutritional support in the management of external fistulas of the alimentary tract
Authors: Kaminsky Victor M , Deitel Mervyn 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A total of 56 patients with 65 fistulas was treated using one or a combination of three modern nutritional aids. Fifty-two of the fistulas (80 per cent) closed spontaneously and only 7 fistulas (10.8 per cent) required attempts at operative closure. The overall mortality was 7 patients (12.5 per cent), which compared favourably with a 40 per cent mortality in an earlier comparable group which had not received such nutrition.
The treatment of resistant malignant ascites by insertion of a peritoneo-atrial Holter valve
Authors: Pollock A V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Holter valves have been used in 9 cases to drain ascites, and in 1 case a pleural effusion, into the superior vena cava. All these effusions were due to malignant disease. Three patients died before the results of the operation could be assessed and in 1 case ascites rapidly recurred. Five patients were relieved until death from their primary disease. One patient died 3 1/4 years after insertion of the valve, but ascites had returned—probably as a result of recurrent blockage of the valve by particulate matter.
Decreased incidence of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats by bile duct diversion
Authors: Abtahi Foroogh S , Djahanguiri Bijan 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Gastric mucosal ulceration was produced in rats following intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (40 mg/kg). The incidence of ulcerations was progressively reduced as the bile flow was diverted progressively distal to the ampulla of Vater. It is suggested that bile reflux into the stomach may play a part in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats.
An appraisal of peritoneal lavage in the diagnosis of the acute abdomen
Authors: Evans Christine , Rashid A , Rosenberg I L , Pollock A V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Forty-seven selected patients presenting with acute abdominal symptoms were investigated by examination of the fluid obtained by peritoneal lavage. In 34 patients this confirmed the clinical diagnosis, in 11 it was a more positive help in that it corrected an erroneous clinical diagnosis and in 2 the results of the investigation were misleading.
Complete disappearance of popliteal arterial thromboses in 2 patients
Authors: Bloor Kenneth , Cope Victor 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two young male patients with complete spontaneous resolution of popliteal thrombosis are described. The thromboses had been present for roughly 3½ and 4 months. Such resolution has not been previously reported. The cause of the lesions is unexplained. It is suggested, should such a lesion be encountered, that the correct treatment is exploration to exclude adventitial cysts and popliteal entrapment, and simple evacuation of clot and anticoagulation.
Motility changes in the antrum after proximal gastric vagotomy
Authors: Kelly Malcolm , Kennedy Terence 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The normal pattern of resting and post-prandial motor activity in the gastric antrum has been established by observations in 6 dogs. There was a gradual increase in the amplitude of contraction during the first 2 hours after eating; this was maintained for 3 hours and then declined. For the first 45 minutes terminal antral contraction occurred, partially retaining and triturating the gastric contents. After 45 minutes the waves became sequential, symmetrical, increased in vigour and actively pumped food into the duodenum.
Vagotomy modified the mechanism of the antrum in various ways. Truncal and selective vagotomy reduced the work capability to 20 per cent of its normal value when recorded 1 month after operation. In both groups the waves were disorganized.
Proximal gastric vagotomy abolished the braking mechanism and removed the initial inhibitory stimuli to antral motility. Within 1 month of operation the antrum had regained 58 per cent of its normal work capability and the contractions were well organized.