bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porphyromonas gingivalis‐Induced Cellular Hypertrophy and MMP‐9 Activity via Different Signaling Pathways in H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cells
Authors: Lee Shin‐Da , Wu Cheng‐Chung , Chang Yu‐Chao , Chang Sheng‐Huang , Wu Chieh‐Hsi , Wu Jia‐Ping , Hwang Jin‐Ming , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Liu Jer‐Yuh , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: April 2006

Background: Little is known about the pathogenesis of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy caused by periodontitis pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 activities and cellular morphology were measured by gelatin zymography and immunofluorescence after P. gingivalis‐medium treatment with or without SB203580 (p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascade [p38] inhibitor), U0126 (mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase [MAPKK] inhibitor), LY294002 (phosphoinositide 3‐kinase [PI3K] inhibitor), cyclosporin A (CsA; calcineurin inhibitor), SP600125 (c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase [JNK] inhibitor), proinflammatory interleukin (IL)‐1, or anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 in cultured cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells.Results: P. gingivalis medium increased MMP‐9 activities and cellular sizes (+87%) of H9c2 cells, whereas Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans medium and Prevotella intermedia medium had no effects. The increased activity of MMP‐9 treated with P. gingivalis medium was not mediated through p38, extracellular‐regulated kinase (ERK), PI3K, calcineurin, and JNK signaling pathways and was not inhibited by IL‐10. However, the hypertrophy of H9c2 cells induced with P. gingivalis medium was reduced by administration of SB203580 (−37%), U0126 (−35%), LY294002 (−49%), CsA (−49%), and SP600125 (−24%).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that P. gingivalis medium elevated MMP‐9 activity and induced cardiomyoblast hypertrophy. However, P. gingivalis‐induced H9c2 cell hypertrophy was mediated through p38, ERK, PI3K, calcineurin, and JNK signaling pathways, which are in a totally different regulatory pathway from P. gingivalis‐elevated MMP‐9 activity. These findings provide evidence that P. gingivalis infection activated multiple factors via different pathways to induce the development of hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells.
Clinical and Metabolic Changes After Conventional Treatment of Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Faria‐Almeida Ricardo , Navarro Ana , Bascones Antonio 
Published: April 2006

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the response to conventional periodontal treatment between patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus from a clinical and metabolic standpoint.Methods: A prospective, parallel, comparative longitudinal clinical study was performed between type 2 diabetics and non‐diabetics with moderate generalized chronic periodontitis. The study period was 6 months. Conventional periodontal scaling and root planing were performed, and the response to this treatment was compared between the groups at 3 and 6 months, measuring the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, level of clinical attachment, and gingival recession. In the diabetic patients, the clinical response was related to measurements of HbA1c and glucose in blood at 3 and 6 months.Results: An improvement in all clinical variables was observed, with no statistically significant differences between the groups, with the exception of probing depth (P <0.0207). The improvement observed in blood HbA1c levels confirmed a positive metabolic response to periodontal treatment, with a lower value for this variable at each measurement time.Conclusions: Both groups of patients showed a clinical improvement after basic non‐surgical periodontal treatment. The diabetic patients showed improved metabolic control (lower HbA1c) at 3 and 6 months after periodontal treatment.
Locally Delivered Doxycycline as an Adjunctive Therapy to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Smokers: A 2‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Machion Luciana , Andia Denise Carleto , Lecio Giovana , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Casati Márcio Zaffalon , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Sallum Enilson Antonio 
Published: April 2006

Background: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the association of locally delivered doxycycline 10% with scaling and root planing in the periodontal treatment of smokers during a 2‐year period.Methods: Forty‐eight chronic periodontitis patients, presenting a minimum of four pockets (≥5 mm) that bled on probing on anterior teeth were included. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: scaling and root planing (SRP) and scaling and root planing followed by local application of doxycycline (SRP‐D). Assigned treatments were performed at baseline and at 12 months. Clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD) and relative attachment level (RAL), were recorded at baseline; 45 days; 3, 6, and 12 months (retreatment); 45 days following retreatment; and at 15, 18, and 24 months.Results: In initially deep pockets (≥7 mm), SRP‐D showed greater PD reduction than SRP at 6 and 18 months (mean difference between groups of 1.18 and 1.73 mm, respectively; P <0.05) and greater RAL gain in all periods after 3 months (mean difference between groups of 1.16, 1.99, and 1.78 mm, at 6, 18, and 24 months, respectively; P <0.05). Also, the proportion of sites showing ≥2 mm PD reduction was greater for SRP‐D at 6 months (81.2% × 50.8%; P <0.001) and at 24 months (65.5% × 46.5%; P = 0.01). As for RAL gain, this proportion was 34.4% and 18.1% for SRP‐D and SRP at 24 months, respectively (P = 0.008).Conclusion: The use of locally delivered doxycycline may constitute an important adjunct for the active and supportive treatments of severe periodontal disease in smokers.
Upregulation of the Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor and Its Receptor in Gingiva Upon Cyclosporin A Treatment
Authors: Chin Yu‐Tang , Chen Yen‐Teen , Tu Hsiao‐Pei , Shen E‐Chin , Chiang Cheng‐Yang , Gau Ching‐Hwa , Nieh Shin , Fu Earl 
Published: April 2006

Background: To understand the roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGF‐R) in cyclosporin A (CsA)‐induced gingival overgrowth, expression of EGF and EGF‐R upon CsA treatment was examined in an oral epidermoid carcinoma cell line of humans (OECM‐1) and in edentulous gingiva of rats.Methods: In vitro study: after CsA treatment, OECM‐1 cells were harvested to evaluate their mRNA and protein expression of EGF and EGF‐R with reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), Western blot, and immunocytochemistry (ICC). In vivo study: 3 weeks after extraction of all maxillary molars, 20 male Sprague‐Dawley rats were assigned to a CsA group (30 mg/kg, fed daily) and a control group. Five rats per group were sacrificed at weeks 1 and 4. Edentulous ridge specimens were obtained for evaluating their mRNAs and protein expression with RT‐PCR, real‐time RT‐PCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, the proliferating potential of epithelial cells was examined by the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).Results: In vitro: dose‐dependently increased mRNA expression of EGF and EGF‐R in OECM‐1 cells was noted after CsA treatment. Protein expressions of EGF and EGF‐R were higher in OECM‐1 with CsA treatment than without CsA. In vivo: higher mRNA and protein expressions of EGF and EGF‐R were also observed in the gingival tissues of CsA‐treated rats. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, greater PCNA expression after CsA treatment was demonstrated.Conclusions: Higher expression of EGF and EGF‐R upon CsA therapy was observed in OECM‐1 epithelial cells of humans and in edentulous gingiva of rats. We suggest that CsA could upregulate gene and protein expression of EGF and EGF‐R, and the upregulation may play a role in gingival overgrowth.
Factors Influencing Treatment Outcomes in Mandibular Class II Furcation Defects
Authors: Tsao Yi‐Pin , Neiva Rodrigo , Al‐Shammari Khalaf , Oh Tae‐Ju , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: April 2006

Background: Factors influencing treatment outcomes in furcation defects remain to be studied. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the association between factors and clinical parameters that may influence treatment outcomes in mandibular Class II furcation defects.Methods: Twenty‐seven systemically healthy subjects with a Class II buccal or lingual furcation defect in lower molars were treated. Clinical measurements (probing depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], recession, mobility, plaque index [PI], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) and defect (vertical and horizontal defect depths) were obtained at initial and 6‐month reentry surgeries. Treatment modalities (e.g., nine each in the following three groups: open flap debridement [OFD] alone, bone graft [BG], and bone graft plus a bioabsorbable collagen membrane [BG + C]), anatomic factors (presence of cervical enamel projection, presence of cervical restorations/fixed prosthesis, and location of furcations [buccal or lingual sides; first or second molars]), clinical parameters (initial mobility, initial PD at furcation, initial CAL at furcation, mean initial PD of the tooth, mean initial CAL of the tooth, initial horizontal PD at furcation, initial horizontal/vertical defect depth, PI, and BOP), and background factors (endodontic status, smoking status, and surgeon's experience) were analyzed for associations with probability of clinical improvement.Results: The anatomic factors, clinical parameters, and background information were found to have no effect in influencing treatment outcome with the exception of initial vertical defect depth. An initial vertical defect depth ≥4 mm had a borderline significance (P = 0.06) of achieving a high probability of having a 1‐mm vertical bone fill. In addition, treatment modality was found to be a major influence factor. Sites treated with BG were 16× more likely to have >50% vertical bone fill than open flap surgery. Furthermore, sites treated with BG were 64× more likely to have a 1‐mm vertical defect fill compared to sites treated with OFD and 16× more likely to have a 2‐mm vertical defect fill compared to sites treated with OFD or BG + C. However, the additional membrane does not enhance the regenerative outcomes achieved by BG alone.Conclusions: Initial vertical defect depth (≥4 mm) and treatment modality (e.g., BG) were found to be the clinical parameter and factor that were associated with high probability of clinical improvement. Sites treated with BG, such as mineralized human cancellous allograft, were more likely to have greater vertical furcation defect fill than the conventional OFD surgery. Additional membrane placement does not enhance the treatment outcome achieved by BG alone.
Initial Presentation of Lung Sarcomatoid Carcinoma as a Metastatic Lesion in the Mandibular Gingiva
Authors: Park Ju‐Yong , Kim Hyung‐Sup , Zo Jae‐Ill , Lee Sun , Choi Sung‐Weon 
Published: April 2006

Background: Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung is a very rare type of tumor characterized by distant metastasis. However, metastasis to the gingiva is an uncommon event. Occasionally, an oral metastatic lesion may be the preliminary clinical feature observed before the diagnosis of the primary tumor.Methods: The clinical features of gingival metastasis as an initial presentation of lung sarcomatoid carcinoma are discussed. A 55‐year‐old male patient presented with a rapidly growing pedunculated exophytic mass on the gingiva at the left side of the lower jaw. Incisional biopsy was performed.Results: The histologic and immunohistochemical diagnosis was metastatic carcinoma. To locate the primary tumor, we analyzed the lung lesion by chest computerized tomography (CT) scans and biopsy. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung with gingival metastasis. Palliative chemotherapy for lung cancer was administered. The gingival lesion disappeared after chemotherapy.Conclusion: Although this case is unusual, periodontists should recognize that gingival masses similar to benign or inflammatory lesions may represent an initial sign of underlying malignant tumors.
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells of Young and Adult Rats Respond Similarly to Platelet‐Released Supernatant and Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐6 In Vitro
Authors: Cei Silvia , Kandler Barbara , Fügl Alexander , Gabriele Mario , Hollinger Jeffrey O. , Watzek Georg , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: April 2006

Background: Age‐related changes in periodontal bone regeneration, osseointegration of dental implants, and graft consolidation are increasingly considered in treatment planning. This study was intended to show whether aging is associated with a diminished responsiveness of osteoprogenitor cells to growth and differentiation factors.Methods: We compared the capacity of bone marrow stromal cells harvested from young and adult rats to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate into the osteogenic lineage following exposure to platelet‐released supernatant (PRS) or bone morphogenetic protein‐6 (BMP‐6). Bone marrow stromal cells were isolated from 12 young rats aged 6 weeks and 12 adult rats aged 9 months. Proliferation was assessed by 3[H]thymidine incorporation, migration was evaluated with the Boyden chamber assay, and osteogenic differentiation was deduced from alkaline phosphatase activity.Results: Irrespective of the donor age, bone marrow stromal cells showed increased mitogenic activity and chemotactic motility when exposed to PRS. Adult bone marrow stromal cells had higher alkaline phosphatase activities at baseline and upon incubation with BMP‐6 than cells obtained from young animals. There was no difference between the two groups in the slope of the alkaline phosphatase activity curve following stimulation with BMP‐6.Conclusions: The data demonstrate that, irrespective of their age, bone marrow stromal cells respond similarly to PRS and BMP‐6 under in vitro conditions. These findings suggest that osteoprogenitor cells within the bone marrow of adult rats retain their juvenile potential to respond to growth and differentiation factors, which are released naturally or are applied therapeutically at sites of bone regeneration.
Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis in a 5‐Year‐Old Girl: Evidence of Periodontal Pathogens
Authors: Torrungruang Kitti , Sittisomwong Sapatporn , Rojanasomsith Kaesarin , Asvanit Pornpun , Korkongwisarut Dusadee , Vipismakul Vichitra 
Published: April 2006

Background: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by Langerhans' cell proliferation in various organs or tissues. When periodontal tissue is involved, clinical manifestations can vary from gingival recession and pocket formation to severe alveolar bone loss. This case report describes periodontal pathogens found in the pockets of involved primary teeth.Methods: A 5‐year‐old girl with LCH presented with loose teeth. Intraoral examination and radiographs revealed deep pockets and severe bone loss around all primary molars. Bacterial samples were obtained from saliva and subgingival plaque and analyzed for the presence of five periodontopathic bacteria using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Due to severe periodontal destruction, all primary molars were extracted, and a gingival biopsy was taken from tooth T to confirm the diagnosis of LCH.Results: The biopsy specimen revealed the histologic features of LCH. The patient was diagnosed as having periodontitis as a manifestation of LCH. PCR results of subgingival plaque from LCH‐affected molars indicated the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia. However, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was absent from these teeth. No tested bacteria were found in the non‐affected anterior teeth.Conclusions: The bacteria commonly associated with periodontal disease were detected in subgingival plaque samples from this LCH patient. More microbiological data are required to understand the role of these bacteria in LCH‐associated periodontal destruction.
Are Dental Plaque, Poor Oral Hygiene, and Periodontal Disease Associated With Helicobacter pylori Infection?
Authors: Anand Pradeep S. , Nandakumar K. , Shenoy K.T. 
Published: April 2006

Background: The microorganism Helicobacter pylori has been closely linked to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Despite the current treatment regimens that lead to successful management of H. pylori‐positive chronic gastritis, the reinfection rate is high. It has been suggested that one of the possible mechanisms of reinfection is the recolonization from dental plaque. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dental plaque, poor oral hygiene, and periodontal disease were risk factors for H. pylori infection.Methods: Among the 134 patients, 65 patients who had a positive H. pylori serology or positive rapid urease test or histologic evidence for the presence of H. pylori in antral biopsy specimens were categorized as cases. The remaining 69 patients who were negative for H. pylori serology, the rapid urease test, and histology were controls.Results: It was found that the association of periodontal disease and poor oral hygiene with H. pylori infection was not significant. There was a higher prevalence of H. pylori in the dental plaque of patients with gastric H. pylori infection than in controls, but both groups had a surprisingly high positive urease test for H. pylori in plaque (89% and 71%, respectively).Conclusions: H. pylori in dental plaque is seldom eliminated by H. pylori‐eradication therapy, and this may act as a source for future reinfection. Hence, eradication of H. pylori from the dental plaque should be made an important part of comprehensive management of H. pylori‐associated gastric diseases.
Effects of Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitor and Omega‐3 Fatty Acid on Serum Interleukin‐1β, Osteocalcin, and C‐Reactive Protein Levels in Rats
Authors: Vardar‐Şengül Saynur , Buduneli Nurcan , Buduneli Eralp , Baylas Haluk , Atilla Gül , Lappin David , Kinane Denis F. 
Published: April 2006

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, celecoxib, and omega‐3 fatty acid on serum levels of interleukin 1‐beta (IL‐1β), osteocalcin (OC), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in experimental periodontitis.Methods: Experimental periodontitis in rats was induced by repeated injection of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli endotoxin. Forty‐seven adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into five study groups as follows: saline control, LPS, LPS + celecoxib, LPS + omega‐3 fatty acid, and LPS + celecoxib + omega‐3 fatty acid. Celecoxib and omega‐3 fatty acid were given alone or in combination during 14 days of the experimental study period. At the end of the 2‐week protocol, serum samples were obtained, and the rats were sacrificed. Serum samples were analyzed for IL‐1β, OC, and CRP concentrations by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Defleshed jaws were analyzed morphometrically for alveolar bone loss. Data were evaluated statistically by non‐parametric tests.Results: According to the morphometric measurements, the LPS and drug treatment groups showed significantly higher bone loss than the saline control group (P <0.05). Omega‐3 fatty acid, both alone and in combination with celecoxib, revealed significantly higher IL‐1β levels than LPS and celecoxib groups (P <0.05). Individual and combined administration of celecoxib and omega‐3 fatty acid significantly increased OC levels compared to the LPS group (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in serum CRP levels.Conclusions: Celecoxib and/or omega‐3 fatty acid administration does not significantly influence circulating levels of CRP. The significantly increased serum OC level observed after individual and combination administration suggests that celecoxib and omega‐3 fatty acid may influence bone remodeling and thereby inhibit the progression of alveolar bone resorption. However, the failure to observe any significant inhibition of bone loss in celecoxib‐ and/or omega‐3 fatty acid‐treated rats compared to the LPS group suggests that their therapeutic effect may be reduced by other factors, such as increases in serum IL‐1β promoting osteoclast activity.
Enamel Matrix Derivative and Systemic Antibiotics as Adjuncts to Non‐Surgical Periodontal Treatment: Biologic Response
Authors: Giannopoulou C. , Andersen E. , Brochut P. , Plagnat D. , Mombelli A. 
Published: April 2006

Background: Short‐term clinical observations suggest an anti‐inflammatory effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory capacity of EMD, used as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal treatment of deep lesions in chronic periodontitis patients, by monitoring inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).Methods: Sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to treatment with EMD or placebo in contralateral dentition areas. Half of the subjects received 250 mg metronidazole and 375 mg amoxicillin three times a day for 7 days; the other half received a placebo. GCF samples were collected from one interproximal lesion in each of the contralateral quadrants before treatment and after 10 days and 2, 6, and 12 months. Total protein content was determined according to the Bradford method. Myeloid‐related protein (MRP) 8/14 and interleukin (IL)‐1β were analyzed quantitatively by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and elastase activity was determined using a low molecular weight fluorogenic substrate.Results: No significant differences were observed between sites treated with or without EMD for any biochemical parameter. Two months after treatment, subjects treated with antibiotics exhibited less clinical signs of inflammation. Furthermore, these subjects had lower MRP 8/14 levels only at day 10 compared to those receiving the placebo. For total protein, IL‐1β, and elastase, no statistically significant differences were noted for subjects with or without antibiotic therapy at any time point.Conclusions: Improved healing of the soft tissues has been noted clinically in non‐surgically treated sites in subjects treated with antibiotics. The expression of inflammatory mediators in GCF corroborated this finding only in part. EMD did not seem to further affect the expression of inflammatory mediators.