bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share (TPS) Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Siswa Kelas III SDN Kedungguwo Magetan
Authors: Shinta Mahatma Jaya  , Evi Muafiah  
Published: March 2024

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu aspek yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Oleh karena itu perwujudan dan peningkatan pendidikan merupakan hal yang harus dilakukan. Peningkatan kualitas pendidikan di sekolah tidak lepas dari tugas guru baik sebagai pendidik maupun sebagai pengajar. Belakangan ini hasil belajar yang dimiliki siswa mengalami penurunan disebabkan karena penggunaan model pembelajaran yang belum bervariasi sehingga pembelajaran yang berlangsung bersifat monton. Proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung di SDN Kedungguwo Magetan masih menggunakan model pembelajaran konvisional yang didominasi dengan metode ceramah sehingga siswa belum memperhatikan guru dan memilih berbincang dengan temannya siswa cenderung diam dan tidak bertanta mengenai materi yang belum dipahami, Proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru di SDN Kedungguwo Magetan terlihat kurang bervariasi sehingga guru hanya terpacu pada kurikulum dari pada mengembangkan potensi yang menyebabkan beberapa siswa memperoleh nilai yang belum mencapai KKM, Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan implimentasi model pembelajaran think pair share (TPS) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran tematik siswa III di sdn Kedungguwo Magetan, untuk mengetahui apakah hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran think pair share (TPS). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas Kurt Lein. Penelitian ini dilaksankan dengan II siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu siswa III di sdn kedungguwo magetanyang berjumlah 7 siswa. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa III di sdn kedungguwo magetan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa imlementasi model pembelajaran think pair share pada siklus I mencapai 57,1%. Pada siklus II presentase hasil belajar sebanyak 100%. Berdasarkan presentase tersebut dapat dinyatakan pada siklus II hasil belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan yang sangat signifikan. Oleh karena itu implementasi model pembelajaran think pair share dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran tematik kelas III di SDN Kedungguwo Magetan.
Kata Kunci: Think Pair Share, hasil Belajar, Pembelajaran Tematik
Collective Produced Water Reinjection (PWRI) Feasibility Assessment for Malaysian Oilfields
Authors: Sahak Muhammad Zakwan Mohd , Shafian Siti Rohaida Mohd , Saadon Shazleen , Thant Maung Maung Myo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Produced water production from oil and gas operation across the globe is estimated to be 3:1 ratio of oil production and usually continue to increase throughout the oilfield life. Thus, if not managed properly, excessive produced water discharge may lead to pollution and severe environmental impact, especially if not properly treated and managed. Treatment and disposal costs remain the primary issue with the ongoing global push towards transition to cleaner energy and Zero Liquid Discharge, technology innovations in water treatment, use and reuse are required. This paper aims to present the findings from a collective produced water reinjection (PWRI) feasibility assessment for selected Malaysian oilfields. The main constituents of produced water consist of dissolved and dispersed oil and gas compounds, dissolved formation minerals, production chemical compounds and production solids such as scale, waxes, etc. PWRI feasibility assessment addressing injectivity was conducted to establish PWRI water specification (i.e. oil concentration, particle size and concentration etc.). Other evaluation aspects including water compatibility & scaling study, reservoir souring, and corrosion study is also evaluated as part of a wholesome approach to PWRI feasibility assessment. Based on the study, oil in water (OIW) limit of 6-20 ppm, recommended total suspended solids (TSS) limit of 5-20 ppm for particle size control ranging between 2-3 μm is established. In general, low scaling tendency and corrosion potential were observed for almost all fields, and reservoir souring assessment conducted for one field shows potential due to VFA presence and shall further be studied, these can later be further addressed via scale & corrosion inhibitor injection and biocide treatment at the water injection side. Collective PWRI feasibility assessment was conducted to compare and consolidate the requirement for PWRI based on technical consideration on injectivity, scaling, reservoir souring and corrosion. The systematic approach for a wholesome evaluation covering subsurface and surface elements with findings are presented and discussed accordingly.
Development of a Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Partitioning Model for Zero Liquid Discharge Projects in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Saeed Q. , Muhammad M. , Saif S. , Akram A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper develops an innovative hydrogen sulfide (H2S) partitioning model designed for Pre-treatment in Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) systems in wastewater treatment. After review of existing empirical and CFD models, we incorporate chemical thermodynamics, empirical data, and real-world process insights to enhance prediction accuracy of H2S behavior specifically in sour produced water. The study's methodology includes data collection from a pilot ZLD pre-treatment facility, rigorous model development, and calibration using real-world data. Results demonstrate the model's effectiveness in predicting H2S distribution under various conditions, highlighting the critical role of factors like salinity, pH and temperature. This research contributes to improved H2S management strategies in ZLD systems, ensuring environmental safety, better project planning and operational efficiency.
Re-Use of RO Reject in Oil Producing Facilities
Authors: Alotaibi B. I. , Al-Ali A. M. , Almousa A. H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In a gas plant, the reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment reject stream along with steam generating COGEN and auxiliary boilers blowdown are being diverted to the plant evaporation ponds for disposal. The facility has an adjacent oil producing plant with capabilities of handling sour water/produced water. The quality of the blowdown and reject are capable to be processed in the oil producing facility for well injection, use in seal flush systems, and oil desalting process rather than disposal in the ponds. A comprehensive water conservation assessment was conducted where multiple waste streams were identified and evaluated against alternatives destination and desired water quality. Following the assessment, the RO reject and steam generation blowdowns were rerouted to the adjacent oil facilities available capacity to process these streams and avoid consuming potable water in the oil facility operations. Frequent sampling was conducted to ensure consistent quality of the streams and avoid compromising the production of both plants, respectively. In terms of benefits and results, following the reroute, the evaporation ponds load during the winter was significantly reduced, and water consumption within the oil facility was also reduced from the potable water. The amount of water diverted, resulting in reduced fresh water consumption, was around 100 million gallons per year. In addition, no impact was observed on both facilities following the reroute. The initiative has been part of a comprehensive water conservation strategy in alignment with company and government goals.
Advanced Media Filtration for Efficient Produced Water Reinjection
Authors: Stoffele R. J. G. W. , Labaky W. , Al-Mass S. S. A. , Al-Maheimid I. A. , Bassi D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Produced water volumes are increasing globally due to the extended operation of mature oil fields. At the same time, operators have the requirement to maintain well pressure to ensure oil production. Produced water can be used for this purpose, thus converting the commodity from a waste product to a valuable resource. For this reason, National and International Oil Companies are continuously evaluating the latest technologies to reuse the produced water for reinjection efficiently and minimize the use of other sources of water such as aquifer water or treated seawater.
Traditional tertiary treatment technologies such as nutshell filter (NSF) have long been the only option available, together with cartridge filters, to meet the increasingly challenging applications to treat the water suitable for injection for pressure maintenance or into disposal wells. However, NSFs have a narrow operating window, so they often struggle to perform adequately under varying inlet conditions and as a result, they do not meet the required outlet specifications. Operators are looking for a more-resilient advanced media solution to outperform currently available NSF media and fill this technological gap. The evaluation of advanced media includes understanding the impact of impurities concentrations and properties such as total suspended solids (TSS), and oil in water (OIW). Water recovery and the impact of high TSS and oil incursions are also important parameters to consider when deploying new technologies at full scale.
Large-scale advanced media pilot study, with flow rates of up to 75,000 BWPD, were performed in the Middle East and North Africa region. The objective was to conduct a sensitivity analysis, measure performance, identify the operating window, and optimize the time between media backwashes such that the treated water could be used for water injection at the well side complying with tight water injection specifications.
Achieving the required particle cut size, OIW and TSS concentration is key to avoid plugging of the injection wells. The pilot study evaluated the impact of these relevant produced water properties by performing regular sampling. These data, together with monitoring of the backwash frequency, were used to evaluate the performance and operating window of the advanced media.
During the pilot study, which was executed at different sites, over 18 million bbl of produced water were treated, and more than 23,000 bbl of oil were recovered and reprocessed within each facility. Furthermore, no well stimulation was required at the injector wells because of the high-quality output from the mobile treatment equipment during the 18-month pilot study.
Evaluation of Waterflood Costs Reduction by Utilization of Geothermal Energy Produced in Oil Wells
Authors: Ryzhov Sergey , Yanez Eglier , Castellani Daniele , Zuccato Lucrezia , Zuccato Alessandro , Wei Lingli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A waterflood project is usually associated with a significant amount of capital and operating expenditure. Lifting, separation and treatment costs increase with production water cut and such increase accelerates dramatically when water cut passes the 80% mark. This paper evaluates the possibility to offset costs by converting the heat of produced fluids into electric power.
Evaluation is focused on the use of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a process featuring a low-boiling point working fluid and thus allowing electricity generation from a low temperature heat. It covers a number of scenarios considering different reservoir temperature, well flow rate, different water cuts and gas-oil ratio of produced fluid, as well as different temperature of the ambient air.
Parameters listed above are fed to the numerical models in order to estimate net power generation of an ORC unit and convert it to avoided costs under different scenarios for electricity tariffs and water handling costs.
The results of the evaluation demonstrated that using ORC for on-site power generation can help offsetting the cost. At the same time, evaluation allowed to define an envelope of technical and economic feasibility of the process.
In most of today's waterflood projects, operating companies associate little to no value to the thermal energy of produced fluids. The approach proposed in the paper delineates a set of operating conditions at which reservoir heat produced to the surface by the oil wells can be turned to a resource and can be exploited in co-production mode improving the economics of the waterflood process.
Application of Novel Nano-Clay for Sustainable Downhole Water Management
Authors: Shafian S. R. Mohd , Rasid S. Ab , Norizam N. Nik , Affandi R. Ahmad , Ahmed A. A. , Saaid I. Mohd 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Water production is one of the largest waste streams during hydrocarbon production. The demand for sustainable water management is becoming more challenging in-terms of treatment and water disposal especially in an off-shore environment. Producing a barrel of water requires more energy that creates major economic impact on the profitability of an oil-field project. This paper presents a pilot case study for down-hole water shut off treatment in one of Malaysia oilfield; Field A (Well B03-SS) with a novel relative permeability modifier known as Nano-Clay. The main pilot objective was to assess the Nano-Clay performance as part of production enhancement effort to reduce water production from 90% to 50% (water cut) and to accelerate the oil production. We discussed the overall workflow, series of laboratory experiments such as core flooding tests, numerical simulation, pilot execution, post treatment results, challenges, and best practices. Nano-Clay injection strategy consists of bull-heading a pill of pre-flush of treated sea water for injectivity test and well conditioning, Nano-Clay injection, post flush with treated sea water, Nano-Clay soaking for about 24 to 48 hours, flowing back the well, monitoring and demobilization. The pilot execution at Well B03-SS was completed successfully and safely. Early post treatment results showed water cut trending has reduced to ~50% as compared to pre-job water cut at ~80%. Post Nano-Clay treatment indicated instantaneous oil gain of about 219 stb/day from 171 stb/d to 390 stb/day. After one and a half year of monitoring, the water cut maintained with expected water cut reduction range in between 10% to 50% from the baseline. The application of Nano-Clay at Field A concluded the overall pilot success and replications at other fields is currently in progress.
Polymeric Waste-Based Ion-Exchange Resins: A Sustainable Solution for Produced Water Treatment
Authors: Baltaeva M. B. , Manakhov A. M. , Cha D. K. , Ayirala S. C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
One of the most crucial strategies for reducing the negative environmental effects of water production in oil operations is to identify innovative and cost-efficient techniques for purifying produced water while minimizing the amount of its disposal into the environment. The proposed solution for polymeric waste and its recycling into ion exchange resin allows the removal of monovalent ions from produced water. The obtained purified produced water can be utilized as injection water for waterflooding/smart water flooding or frac-water for unconventionals to contribute towards circular water economy in alignment with the Zero-Liquid-Discharge (ZLD) water management strategy. Discarded expanded polystyrene was selected as a viable substitute material source for ion exchange resins due to its abundance and low cost. Polymeric matrixes are made by collecting and dissolving polystyrene waste in an organic solvent, then forming beads using a microdroplet precipitation technique. A strongly basic anion-exchange resin (SBA) containing amine groups is produced using the amine plasma modification method combined with chemical treatment. Using the plasma sulfonation approach with surface treatment, a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin (SAC) with a high surface area and sulfonic groups is created. The SBA resin is utilized for sulfate-ions removal, while SAC can be applied to remove the sodium-ions. The polystyrene beads production process was scaled up using an in-house state-of-the-art encapsulator instrument. It has been demonstrated that achieving spherical beads without agglomeration requires the proper concentration of polystyrene waste and a filler in a solution. To increase surface area and functionalization efficiency, polystyrene beads were milled. The resultant porous beads are 300–750 microns in size. The performance of the resulting resin samples was analyzed according to industry standards using column tests. The optimal parameters of plasma sulfonation and chemical treatment procedures for SAC formation and plasma amination process for SBA creation were identified. The resins prepared from expanded polystyrene waste demonstrated effective capacity for both cation and anion exchange processes. More than 80% of the sodium ions and the sulfate ions in synthetic brine could be removed by the created strong-acidic cation-exchange and strong base anion-exchange resins, respectively. A new method of polymeric waste-based ion-exchange resins creation with characteristics similar to commercially available ion-exchange resins has been discovered. The development of these sustainable ion-exchange resins holds great promise for produced water treatment and recycle, providing an environmentally friendly and effective solution and reusing plastic waste.
Impact of Completion and Stimulation Techniques on Water Injection Flow Conformance in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Kelkar S. K. , Mogensen K. , Al Hosani F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Drilling of long lateral sections enables operators to execute development schemes that require fewer wells with a lower overall carbon footprint. Water injection wells help sustain reservoir pressure and provide sweep to maximize field commercial recovery. A key challenge is to divert the water along the drain length to achieve uniform injection profile. In this paper, we compare different completion and stimulation techniques with special emphasis on wellbore accessibility and injection conformance along the lateral.
We first group the wells according to the completion type, which can be either open-hole or cased hole. Cased hole completions are then subdivided into slotted liners, Smart Liners, and completions with zonal control. The type of completion dictates the options available for acid stimulation, which can involve either high-rate bull-heading, coiled-tubing deployed techniques or no stimulation. The analysis of conformance involves injection logging tool results as well as the reported percentage of the wellbore accessible for intervention tools.
Most of the existing well stock consists of wells completed open-hole with limited or no stimulation. Abrasive jetting can provide effective stimulation but often deliver a skewed injectivity profile. Bull-heading of acid from surface, on the other hand, is not usually applied in water injectors due to higher stimulation equipment and chemical costs. Furthermore, undulating trajectories can substantially reduce the wellbore accessibility in open-hole completions. Installing a liner improves accessibility significantly. Our analysis of injectivity profile logs shows that a lower completion with zonal compartmentalization provides a more uniform injection profile compared to a barefoot completion. A uniform injection profile is achieved by either ICD (with associated SSD) or Smart Liner Completion. Injectivity data suggest that the pre-and post-stimulation injectivity index is comparable between ICD and Smart Liner Completions, which is not surprising since both techniques rely on the limited-entry principle for fluid diversion. This paper offers a comprehensive comparison of completion-stimulation techniques for carbonate reservoirs and offers some guidelines for selecting a suitable method depending on the well and reservoir characteristics, such as well length, permeability, permeability variation, and anticipated need for future interventions. We also provide results from a simple 2D finely gridded numerical simulation model using a producer-injector pair to illustrate the impact of high permeability streak on early time water breakthrough. Results indicate that blocking the high-streak either at the producer or at the injector leads to similar water-cut evolution. Blocking the interval in both wells from day one is better and blocking a 50ft interval on both sides of the streak is even better.
Unlocking Resource Potential: Comprehensive Analysis of Devonian Groundwater Composition for Sustainable Element Extraction and Environmental Management in Mature Oil and Gas Fields
Authors: Shipaeva M. , Sudakov V. , Usmanov S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the groundwater composition in oil and gas fields, specifically within the Devonian terrigenous horizon. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 166 produced water samples collected from different tectonic structures. The primary objectives encompassed anionic and cationic composition analysis, elemental composition examination, distribution mapping of key elements, and exploration of the feasibility of extracting valuable components.
Results elucidated substantial variations in the anionic and cationic composition of groundwater within the Devonian horizon, manifesting noticeable difference in salinity (TDS) ranging from 19 g/l to 276 g/l. These variations were attributed to the injection of fresh water into the reservoir during the early stages of field development. Distinct patterns were observed within each tectonic structure, highlighting the presence of a large amount of valuable elements in the northern part of the study area and deep regions. This phenomenon was ascribed to the greater depths of formation water in these areas, coupled with brines geochemical metamorphization. These zones were deemed more promising for the extraction of hydromineral raw materials. Notably, for lithium extraction, the Mg/Li ratio played a significant role, with a critical impact on the choice of extraction methods. In studied brines the Mg/Li ratio varies from 415 to 3960. Consequently, membrane methods and concentration precipitation were deemed unsuitable for lithium extraction. Instead, the use of sorbents selectively targeting lithium ions, followed by desorption and concentration, emerged as a promising alternative.
Calculation of the annual volumes of salts produced from the studied wells revealed significant potential. An inherent advantage of utilizing produced waters as a source of mineral raw materials lies in the cost-effectiveness of the product. Additionally, there is no need for the construction of additional production wells or expensive mining developments.
The extraction of additional components from produced water assumes heightened significance, particularly in mature fields at advanced stages of development characterized by substantial volumes of produced water. This research underscores the potential for sustainable resource extraction from oil and gas fields, with implications for both economic and environmental considerations.