bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residential preferences and neighborhood racial segregation: A test of the schelling segregation model
Authors: Clark W.A.V. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The debate over the role of the forces that create the patterns of residential separation has identified neighborhood preferences as one of the explanatory variables, but although we possess some empirical data on the nature of neighborhood racial preferences, the theoretical contributions have received only limited empirical evaluation. Among the theoretical statements. Schelling’s model of the effects of small differences in preferences on residential patterns has provided a basic building block in our understanding of preferences, choices, and patterns. Several recent surveys of residential preferences provide the data with which to evaluate the underpinnings of the Schelling model. The preference/tolerance schedules that are derived from the data have a different functional form from that suggested by Schelling, but confirm the view that stable integrated equilibria are unlikely.
Notice of the Register and Churchwardens' Account Book which belonged to Knebworth, Herts, preserved in Dr. Williams' Library
Authors: Pearson Charles B. 
Published: March 2007

The register here referred to is said to have been found among papers in an empty house, but where or when is not stated. As far as the entries of births, deaths, and marriages are concerned, it seems to have been copied partially into the books now preserved at Knebworth, but there are some odd variations here and there. The church register begins in 1602. That preserved in Dr. Williams' library is headed thus:—”A book or register conteyninge all Christeninges, marriages, and buiyalls within the parish of Knebworth, from the feaste of St. Mychaell Th'Archangell beinge the xxixth daye of September, in the yeare of oure Lorde God 1596, and in the yeare of the raigne of oure Soveren Ladie Queene Elizabethe xxxvii, as followethe, et., et.”
Perplexities of Oriental History
Authors: Goldsmid F. J. 
Published: March 2007

By way of introduction to a sketch of Persian history prepared for the new volume of the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica,’ I recently wrote as follows:—Oriental history, as told by Oriental historians, is for the majority of readers in Europe a study of little attraction. Its genealogies and oft-repeated names are wearisome; its stories of battle, murder, and rapine are monotonous and cast in one mould; the mind cannot readily impart life to the dry bones of the more prominent dramatis personæ, by conceiving for them any flesh-and-blood individuality. The court-chronicler of an Eastern potentate writes to order, and in accordance with a precedent which fetters style and expression; and even the painter of state-portraits strives rather to turn out a conventional and model monarch than the likeness of an original human being. In the palace of Kirich, near Tehran, is a picture of Fath Ali Sháh and his sons. There may be a certain waxwork beauty in some of the faces, but they give no more signs of innate character or mental idiosyncrasy that do the kings and knaves of a pack of cards.
Memoir and Poems of Sir Robert Aytoun Secretary to the Queens of James VI. and Charles I
Authors: Rogers Charles 
Published: March 2007

In the seventh volume of his “History of Scotland,” pp. 365–6, Dr. John Hill Burton, Historiographer Royal, writes thus:—“In baronial architecture and dwelling-houses there was a great advance between the Reformation and the Restoration. The French style of tall round towers or turrets with conical tops prevailed. In some instances the old square tower was surmounted with turrets and other decorations, and many dwellings were wholly built in the style of Chantilly and other great French châteaus. Of these there are a few fine specimens in Winton, Pinkie, Glammis, Fyvie, Castle Fraser, Craigievar, and Crathes. Heriot's Hospital is a curious modification of this style. It was designed by Sir Robert Aytoun, the poet, who evidently appears to have sought to bring the rambling picturesque character ef the French style into a rigid symmetry, like that which prevails in the classical styles. It may be said that the little corner turrets did not belong to his original plan. In this the towers were to be carried up into high abruptly shapen pavilion roofs, after the French fashion, as exemplified in the Tuileries. These petty turrets depart essentially from the rule that some useful end should be the object of all building—they are too small to serve as flanking works, or to be in any way of service to the main building.”
Was the Old English Aristocracy Destroyed by the Wars of the Roses?
Authors: Oliphant T. L. Kington 
Published: March 2007

There is no greater commonplace in English history than the assertion, that the old Aristocracy was destroyed by the Wars of the Roses. The object of this paper is to inquire, whether the vulgar opinion be well founded or not.The old English peerage of the Feudal age may be divided into two classes: the upper class will comprise Dukes, Marquises, and Earls; the lower class, all noblemen beneath the degree of Earl. There are about twenty-seven great historic houses that belong to the former division, if we adopt a fair test for the term “Historic House,” and exclude from it all those families which have not held an Earldom in the male line continuously for at least one hundred years, or thereabouts, before the Reformation. The greater part of these twenty-seven houses derived their chief importance from the Norman Conquest, though very few of them obtained their Earldoms from the Conqueror himself. The wars of King Stephen's days, seventy years later, gave birth to many titles renowned afterwards in English history. The Thirteenth Century was the period in which the Historic Houses mainly gathered their laurels. They wrested the Great Charter from King John, they bent John's feeble son to their will, and (boldest act of all) they stood unflinching before John's mighty grandson. French and German houses may boast of doughty feats in wars abroad; English houses have achieved far more glorious results at home. But Time was doing his work upon them all. The Earls of Albemarle had died out so early as the Twelfth Century, and four great historic Earldoms dropped in the Thirteenth.
Notes in the History of Sir Jerome Alexander, Second Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and Founder of the Alexander Library, Trinity College, Dublin
Authors: Rogers Charles 
Published: March 2007

The Will of Sir Jerome Alexander, a parchment transcript of which is preserved in the Chief Probate Office, Dublin, is a document of more than ordinary interest; even with its cumbrous repetitions we owe no apology for producing it in full:–“In the name of God Amen. I, Sr Jerome Alexander of the City of Dublin, one of the unprofitable servants of Almighty God, being of a perfect sound disposing memory, praised bee God, this three and twentieth day of March in the yeare of the Raigne of our Soveraigne Lord Charles the Second of that name by the grace of God of England, Scotland, Fraunce and Ireland King Defender of the Faith &c. the two and twentieth, and hereby renounceing and admitting and declareing all former Wills and Testaments by mee at any time heretofore made to bee utterly void & of none effect, doe declare this to bee my last true Will and Testament in manner & form following and doe now soe declare it to bee.
Shakespeare as an Historian
Authors: Malden Henry Elliot , V.-P. R.Hist.S  
Published: March 2007

There is an advantage in dealing with such a subject as this, which may counterbalance the disadvantages under which a writer labours who ventures to bring forward ‘common saws and modern instances,’ in place of that serious investigation of obscure historical facts, or that review of the social questions of the past, which have honourably distinguished the last few years of the Society's labours. On such a familiar topic a brief treatment of a large matter is possible. There is no need to quote many examples, or passages at length, when the mere mention of the name of a character will commonly recall at once how he and his actions have been presented upon the stage by Shakespeare:I only speak right on; I tell you that which you yourselves do know.
Bristol—Metropolis of the West in the Eighteenth CenturyThe Alexander Prize Essay
Authors: Minchinton W. E. 
Published: March 2007

Althought anticipated by earlier writers, the clearest formulation of the idea of a metropolis as the focus of economic activity is to be found in Professor N. S. B. Gras' The Evolution of the English Corn Market. There he writes:The metropolitan market may be described as a large district having one center in which is focussed a considerable trade. Trade between outlying parts of course may take place, but it is that between the metropolitan town and the rest of the area that dominates all. This is chiefly the exchange of the raw pro-ducts of the country for the manufactured or imported goods of the town. The prices of all goods sent to the metropolitan center are ‘made’ there, or, in other words, prices diminish as the distance from the center is increased.
The Novelle of 1908: Necessities and Choices in the Anglo-German Naval Arms Race
Authors: Steinberg J. 
Published: March 2007

THE Novelle of 1908, or to use its full title, ‘A Law to amend paragraph 2 of the Law concerning the German Fleet of 14 June 1900’, was not a very large piece of legislation. The entire text read as follows:‘With the exception of ships destroyed, battleships and cruisers shall be replaced after 20 years. Active life extends from the year of appropriation of the first instalment on the ship to be replaced to the appropriation of the first instalment of the replacement ship. For the period 1908–1917, construction of replacement ships will follow the plan in Appendix B.’
The Common Lawyers in Pre-Reformation England
Authors: Ives E. W. 
Published: March 2007

On Monday, 16 November, 1495, Henry VII, accompanied by his queen and court, attended a banquet at Ely Place to mark the promotion of nine barristers to the rank and dignity of serjeant-at-law. A glittering occasion, the feast was carefully noted by the chroniclers as the social event of the year. But to Francis Bacon, writing over a century later, Henry VTTs presence at Ely Place was more than an event in the court calendar, it was symbolic. Henry VII, he wrote:to honour the feast was present with his Queen at the dinner; being a Prince that was ever ready to grace and countenance the professors of the law; having a little of that, that, as he governed his subjects by his laws, so he governed his laws by his lawyers.
Monasticism and Society in the Diocese of York 1520–1540
Authors: Cross Claire 
Published: March 2007

ON TRIAL for his life in the spring of 1537 for his part in the Pilgrimage of Grace Robert Aske from the Tower supplied a retrospective explanation of northen resentment at the dissolution of the monasteries, at that stage still very much in progress and nowhere near completion. Of all the recent changes in religion, he in particular grudged against the statute of suppressions, and so did all the country, because the abbeys in the north gave great alms to poor men and laudably served God: in which parts of late days they had small comfort by ghostly teaching. And by the said suppression the service of God is much minished, great number of masses unsaid and consecration of the sacrament now not used in those parts, to the decrease of the faith and spiritual comfort to man's soul, the temple of God ruffed and pulled down, the ornaments and relics of the church irreverently used, tombs of honourable and noble men pulled down and sold, no hospitality now kept in those parts…Also the abbeys was one of the beauties of this realm to all men and strangers passing through the same; also all gentlemen much succoured in their needs with money, their younger sons there succoured and in nunneries their daughters brought up in virtue, and also their evidences and money left to the uses of infants in abbeys' hands, always sure there…
Eighteenth-Century English Radicalism before Wilkes
Authors: Colley Linda 
Published: March 2007

Addressing a Society consecrated to the advance of historical studies is bound to be an awesome experience: it is a particularly sobering one for me because the central argument of this paper would have been familiar to British historians writing in the early nineteenth century. In his Constitutional History of England, published in 1827, Hallam asserted, seemingly without fear of contradiction, that‘it must be evident to every person who is at all conversant with the publications of George II's reign, with the poems, the novels, the essays, and almost all the literature of the time, that what are called the popular or liberal doctrines of government were decidedly prevalent. The supporters themselves of the Walpole and Pelham administrations … made complaints, both in parliament and in pamphlets, of the democratical spirit, the insubordination to authority, the tendency to republican sentiments, which they alleged to have gained ground among the people.’1
The Religious Context of the English Civil War
Authors: Morrill John 
Published: March 2007

LENGTHY reports survive of speeches by several members of the Long Parliament for 9 November 1640, at the end of the first week of the session. The future royalist militant, George Lord Digby is reported to have begun his address by saying that:you have received now a solemn account from most of the shires of England of the several Grievances and Oppressions they sustain, and nothing as yet from Dorsetshire: Sir I would not have you think that I serve for a Land of Goshen, and that we live there in sunshine, whilst darkness and plagues overspread the rest of the land The future royalist moderate Sir John Culpepper is reported to have begun: I stand not up with a Petition in my hand, I have it in my mouth, and he enumerated the grievances of his shire beginning with the great increase of papists and the obtruding and countenancing of divers new ceremonies in matters of religion. The future Parliamentarian moderate, Harbottle Grimston, said that these petitions which have been read, they are all remonstrances of the general and universal grievances and distempers that are now in the state and Government of the Church and Commonwealth. The future Parliamentarian radical Sir John Wray said:All in this renowned senate, I am confident, is fully fixed upon the true Reformation of all Disorders and Innovations in Church or Religion, and upon the well uniting and close rejoining of the poor dislocated Great Britain. For, let me tell you Mr Speaker, that God be thanked, it is but out of joint and may be well set by the skilful chyrurgeons of this Honourable House.
Prince and States General: Charles V and The Netherlands (1506–1555) (The Prothero Lecture)
Authors: Koenigsberger H. G. 
Published: March 2007

ON the 18th June 1902 the viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, wrote to his government in London:The fact is that your Political Committee and the Foreign Office have gone completely off the rails … Now, why could not the India Office trust me …? You send me out to India as an expert and you treat my advice as though it were that of an impertinent schoolboy.
‘Harvesting the Cupboards’: Why Britain has Produced no Administrative Theory or Ideology in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Hennessy Peter 
Published: March 2007

MY purpose today is to do a kind of David Bellamy on the least promising patch of that unmapped, unloved bog-of-a-phenomenon we call ‘The British Constitution’. You know the sort of thing—‘this might just look like a boring old bundle of procedures and conventions to you, but there's life and insight in here!’If ennui is already setting in, don't be upset. You are part of the grand tradition of our political nation. For my text today is from Mr Gladstone—his celebrated remark to the effect that:If there are two things on earth that John Bull hates, they are an abstract proposition and the Pope.
Slavery and Colonial Identity in Eighteenth-Century Mauritius
Authors: Vaughan Megan 
Published: March 2007

On 25 May 1785, a M. Lousteau arrived at the police station in Port Louis, Isle de France (now Mauritius) to complain that his slave Jouan had been abducted. He described Jouan as an ‘Indien’, ‘Lascar’ and ‘Malabar’, and said that he had learned that he had been smuggled on to the royal shipLe Brillant, bound for Pondicherry in southern India, by one Bernard (whom Lousteau describes as a ‘creol libre’ but who later is described as ‘Malabar, soi-disant libre’ and ‘Topa Libre’). The story of the escape had been told to him by a ‘Bengalie’ slave called Modeste, who belonged to the ‘Lascar’ fisherman, Bacou. A number of people had apparently assisted Jouan's escape in other ways—most importantly his trunk of belongings had been moved secretly from hut to hut before being embarked with him. Lousteau was a member of that ever-growing professional group of eighteenth-century France and its colonies: the lawyers. He was clerk to the island's supreme court, the Conseil Superieur. He supported a large family, he said, and the loss of Jouan represented a serious loss to their welfare. Jouan, it turned out, was no ordinary slave. He was a skilled carpenter who earned his master a significant sum every month; he was highly valued, and Lousteau had refused an offer of 5,000 livres for him. What is more, he could be easily recognised, for he was always exceptionally well turned-out and well-groomed. To facilitate in the search for his slave, Lousteau provided the following description of him:He declares that his fugitive slave is of theLascarcaste, aMalabar, dark blackin colour, short in height, with a handsome, slightly thin face,a gentle appearance, with long hair …that he is very well dressed,abundantly endowed with clothes, such as jackets and shorts … wearingsmall gold earrings, a pin with a gold heart on his shirt, and on the arm a mark on the skin which he thinks reads DM.
Dependence of flame‐retardant properties on density of expandable graphite filled rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Bian Xiang‐Cheng , Tang Jian‐Hua , Li Zhong‐Ming , Lu Zhong‐Yuan , Lu Ai 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDifferent density rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF) filled with various expandable graphite loadings were fabricated by cast molding. The flame retardant properties of these composites were assessed by limiting oxygen index and horizontal and vertical burning tests. The results showed that the flame retardant efficiency got better with increase in the foam density at the fixed EG weight percent or with increase in the EG weight percent at the fixed foam density. After burning, the low density (0.065 g/cm3) pure burned RPUF produced the highly collapsed and carbonized material, while the high density (0.510 g/cm3) pure RPUF had little change in size and had reduced destruction of the material. Moreover, the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observation showed that the higher density EG/RPUF composites had a more compact outer layer (burned layer) after burned, in which more wormlike materials composed of expanded graphite particles appeared. In addition, higher foam density led to less plastic deformation in the interface layer between the burned and the inside layers. These results indicated that a weight percent of a flame retardant additive that achieves satisfactory flame retardancy for a certain density foam cannot effectively be applied for another density foam. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Preparation of hydroxyapatite/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite film with uniformly dispersed hydroxyapatite particles using citric acid
Authors: Chung Yong S. , Kang Sung I. , Kwon Oh W. , Lee Se G. , Lee Yong R. , Min Byung G. , Han Sung S. , Noh Seok K. , Lyoo Won S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBiocompatible hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composites and their transparent films were prepared by the coprecipitation and solvent casting method. The formation of HA in PVA composite powder was confirmed by the characteristic phosphate bands at 1100–1032 and 565 cm−1 at FT‐IR spectra, and the weight ratio of HA to PVA was 50/50 examined by TGA. The crystal melting temperature of HA/PVA decreased compared with that of pure PVA. HA/PVA (50/50) composite powder and pure PVA were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain a film with HA/PVA weight ratio of 10/90. To improve HA particles' dispersity, which is one of the major factors affecting the mechanical properties of composite materials, various contents of citric acid were used for the preparation of HA/PVA films. At a citric acid concentration of 5 wt %, HA/PVA film with good dispersity of HA particles was obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Gas permeability and permselectivity of plasma‐treated polypropylene membranes
Authors: Teramae T. , Kumazawa H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of NH3‐plasma and N2‐plasma treatment on rubbery polypropylene (PP) membrane upon permeation behavior for CO2, O2, and N2 were investigated from their permeability measurements. The NH3‐plasma and N2‐plasma treatment on PP membranes could increase both the permeability coefficient for CO2 and the ideal separation factor for CO2 relative to N2. For O2 transport, both the permeability coefficient for O2 and the ideal separation factor for O2 relative to N2 also increased. NH3‐plasma and N2‐plasma treatment on PP membranes possibly brings about an augmentation of permeability for CO2 and permselectivity of CO2 relative to N2 simultaneously, but unfortunately the plasma‐treated PP membrane does not reach the level of CO2 separation membrane. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007