bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOME FACTORS OF SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DOUBLE ANTIBODY IMMUNOASSAY OF INSULIN
Authors: Brunfeldt K. , Jorgensen K. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Differences were demonstrated between 4 insulin antibody (guinea pig) precipitating antisera (rabbit), int. al. in their ability to cross react with human γ-globulin components. This cross reaction is presumably the reason why »negative« insulin values can be found at higher concentrations of certain precipitating antisera. Independently of the precipitating antiserum it was possible, in some cases, to demonstrate a difference between the insulin concentration in serum and in heparinized plasma. This difference could be eliminated by the addition of heparin, by long-lasting freezing, and by dilution of the serum. Hence, the higher values found in certain cases in serum, as compared with plasma are presumably due to the presence of complement. It is essential in the use of the double antibody technique for the determination of insulin in plasma and serum that a heparin preparation with anti-complement activity should be used and that the concentration range of the precipitating antiserum should be fixed. The double antibody method can be used with or without pre-precipitation if the above mentioned criteria are fulfilled. Pre-precipitation, however, is to be preferred, as the precipitation reaction here occurs under constant conditions.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF PREGNANETRIOLONE AND PREGNANETETROL IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Halperin Gideon , Finkelstein Michael 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following the simultaneous intravenous injection of 17α-hydroxypregnenolone-3H and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone-14C to a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the following labelled metabolites were isolated from the urine: 17α-OH-pregnanolone, 5β-pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol, pregn-5-ene-3β,17α,20α-triol, pregnanetriolone (3α,17α,20α-trihydroxy-5β-pregnan-11-one) and pregnanetetrol (5β-pregnane-3α,11β,17α,20α-tetrol).
The 3H/14C ratio recovered in the urinary pregnanetriolone and pregnanetetrol was higher than in the injected mixture. It thus follows that 17α-hydroxypregnenolone-3H was converted to both metabolites, at least in part, by a pathway(s) not including 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. Two additional pathways have been considered, I: 17α-OH-pregnenolone → pregn-5-ene-3β,1 1β,17 α-triol-20-one→21-deoxycortisol→ pregnanetriolone (or »tetrol«), and II: 17α-OH-pregnenolone → pregn-5-ene-3β,11β,17α-triol-20-one → pregn-5-enetriolone → pregnanetriolone (or »tetrol«).
INITIALE VERTEILUNG VON RADIO-C IN UNREIFEN RATTEN NACH INFUSION PHYSIOLOGISCHER MENGEN VON TESTOSTERON-4-14C
Authors: Mosebach K.-O. , Jühe H. , Dirscherl W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Over a period of 2 hours the distribution and the specific activities of 14C (dpm/mg C) in organs of immature male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied after infusion of testosterone-4-14C.
Only in liver, adrenals, kidneys and lungs we found specific activities essentially higher than those of the blood. The values of testis, seminal vesicles, prostata, epididymis and penis were similar to blood.
Corresponding to former experiments using injection technique the more physiological infusion technique did not show any accumulation of radioactivity in the target organs too.
On the contrary the specific activity of the seminal vesicle secretion was clearly higher than those of the residue organ and the blood. In adrenals medulla contained more radioactivity than cortex, demonstrated by 3 different methods (combustion, extraction and histoautoradiography).
The distributions of progesterone-4-14C and oestradiol-4-14C after infusion in immature male rats were similar to those of testosterone-4-14C. The latter did not show a striking affinity for uterus, vagina and ovaries after infusion into female immature rats.
STUDIES ON THE ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN BY HUMAN PREGNANCY SERA
Authors: Riad A. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The enzymatic cleavage of synthetic oxytocin and 8-lysine vasopressin by sera of women in advanced pregnancy was investigated by using paper chromatography. Following incubation of either hormone with pregnancy serum and subsequent oxidation, two molecular fractions were formed, of which one could be identified as L-cysteic acid. By contrast, oxidation of the intact cyclopeptide hormones did not lead to liberation of free L-cysteic acid. It was concluded that oxytocin and 8-lysine vasopressin were cleaved by an identical mechanism involving splitting of the peptide bond joining the tyrosine residue (position 2) to the amino-terminal halfcystine residue (position 1). Pregnancy serum »oxytocinase« and »vasopressinase« thus appeared to be one and the same enzyme.
SENSITIVITY OF THE RAT DIAPHRAGM TO GROWTH HORMONE.
Authors: Hjalmarson Å. , Ahrén K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of growth hormone (GH) in vitro on the rate of intracellular accumulation of the non-utilizable amino acid α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was studied in the intact rat diaphragm preparation.
Bovine or ovine GH (25 μg/ml incubation medium) markedly stimulated the accumulation of AIB-14C by diaphragms from hypophysectomized rats, while there was no or only a very slight effect on diaphragms from normal rats. In diaphragms from rats with the pituitary gland autotransplanted to the kidney capsule GH in vitro stimulated the accumulation of AIB-14C significantly more than in diaphragms from normal rats but significantly less than in diaphragms from hypophysectomized rats. Injections of GH intramuscularly for 4 days to hypophysectomized rats made the diaphragms from these rats less sensitive or completely insensitive to GH in vitro.
These results indicate strongly that the relative insensitivity to GH in vitro of diaphragms from normal rats is due to the fact that the muscle tissues from these rats has been exposed to the endogenously secreted GH. The results show that GH can influence the accumulation of AIB-14C in the isolated rat diaphragm in two different ways giving an acute or »stimulatory« effect and a late or »inhibitory« effect, and that it seems to be a time-relationship between these two effects of the hormone.
PROGRESS OF PREGNANCY AND FOETAL MORPHOLOGY AFTER EARLY PITUITARY TRANSPLANTATION AND HORMONAL THERAPY IN THE RAT
Authors: Carpent G. , Desclin L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We have previously reported that, in the rat, pituitary transplantation performed on the 1st day of gestation, occasionally leads to nidations that are usually delayed and sometimes asynchronous; however, pregnancy is not usually maintained beyond implantation, and few foetuses survive to term. Under these conditions we were unable to ascertain whether the hormonal imbalance of gestation due to the pituitary transplantation, could have a teratogenic effect.
To improve the endocrine conditions prevailing after pituitary transplantation, and in the hope of increasing the foetal material available for the search of embryopathies, we have given various substitution treatments during the pre-implantation period to pregnant rats, hypophysectomized and grafted with a pituitary gland under the kidney capsule, between the 1st and the 4th day of gestation.
Progesterone does not modify the effect exerted by the pituitary transplantation on the mechanism of ovo-implantation: as in hypophysectomized, grafted, untreated animals, nidations are not numerous and generally delayed. Implantation is only favoured by treatments including oestrogens: nidations occur frequently at the normal time. Nevertheless, this beneficial effect of oestrogens is not constant and is closely dependent on the nature of the injected oestrogen, the time of the treatment and the strain of rats used.
Maintenance of pregnancy is rare, regardless of the treatments administered. In the surviving foetuses, the rate of visceral malformations is markedly and significantly increased. The cause of these embryopathies remains debatable: they may be due to a toxic effect of oestrogens, acting directly on the conceptus, or they may result from the hormonal imbalance of pregnancy, induced by the pituitary transplantation and ineffective substitution treatments.
AN ANALOGUE COMPUTER MODEL FOR THE INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION
Authors: Cerasi Erol , Andersson Bertil 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An analogue computer model has been constructed for the analysis of the interrelationship between blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations during glucose infusion. The model presented gives quantitative information on the effect of plasma insulin on glucose uptake, the total amount of glucose taken up by the tissues at a given time, the effect of blood glucose on the release of stored and newly formed insulin, and the rapidity by which plasma insulin is increased in response to hyperglycaemia.
Such an analogue computer model might be a useful tool in the investigation of the various dynamic factors involved in the glucose – insulin interrelationship.
BODY CELL MASS DURING LONG-TERM CORTISONE TREATMENT IN ASTHMATIC SUBJECTS
Authors: Lindholm Björn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The body cell mass (BCM) was estimated from determinations of the total exchangeable potassium (Ke) in 66 patients with severe bronchial asthma requiring long-term treatment with daily doses of glucocorticoids equivalent to 25–75 mg of cortisone. Thirty subjects had been treated with cortisone for more than six years (2–12 years) prior to the present study. The remaining thirty-six patients were studied at the beginning of the cortisone treatment period. Twenty-two patients from both groups were followed during more than two years of daily cortisone therapy by repeated, paired Ke-determinations.
Ke was determined by the isotope dilution technique. In all, 297 such determinations were performed by oral administration of 42K, allowing the isotope to equilibrate for 45 hours.
The initial body content of Ke in male and female subjects with or without several years of previous cortisone therapy did not differ from normal subjects, when related to body weight and age. A statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in the total exchangeable potassium of both male and female subjects during treatment with cortisone. None of the patients showed significantly decreasing Ke-values during the longitudinal study. Body weight showed a covariation with Ke but did not, on an average, increase significantly with time. Cortisone induced osteoporosis was found in twelve subjects. Taken as a group, these subjects showed normal values of Ke, when related to body weight and age. Apparently, bone atrophy can develop during cortisone treatment without concomitant atrophy of the BCM.
INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC MONOZYGOTIC TWIN PAIRS. GENETIC CONTROL OF INSULIN RESPONSE?
Authors: Cerasi Erol , Luft Rolf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The insulin response during a standardized glucose infusion (GIT) was studied in a group of 13 monozygotic twin pairs previously registered as consisting of one diabetic/one non-diabetic member. At the time of the study three of the non-diabetic subjects had developed overt diabetes and three decreased glucose tolerance only.
Of the non-diabetic members all but one (with diabetes due possibly to chronic pancreatitis in the sibling) showed an insulin response similar to that seen in diabetic subjects, and in healthy subjects previously assumed to be potential diabetics. The present study therefore supports our earlier suggestion that a low insulin response characterizes potential diabetes.
There was a striking similarity between the insulin curves in the twin pairs, irrespective whether diabetes occurred in one, in both or in none of the members.
It is suggested as a working hypothesis that the type of insulin response to glucose infusion is genetically determined, and that a low insulin response is a prerequisite for the development of diabetes mellitus.
A CLINICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF DISORDERS OF THE HUMAN TESTES
Authors: Koudstaal Joh. , Frensdorf E. L. , Kremer J. , Mudde J. M. , Hardonk M. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The testes of 50 subfertile and infertile males were investigated by clinical and histochemical methods. The enzyme activity per cell of interstitial cells of normal and abnormal testes was about the same. The output of the gonadotrophins of men with seriously damaged testes may be increased; the output of the oestrogens was normal and the output of 17-ketosteroids was normal or slightly decreased. Some of these patients showed a poor development of growth of the beard. The Sertoli cell is very resistant to atrophy and keeps a high enzyme activity for a long time. Besides an inhibiting effect of the steroids produced in the interstitial cells, it is also possible that under normal circumstances an inhibiting substance is produced in the Sertoli cells, which is necessary for a harmonious balance between hypophysis and testes.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF NIDATION. XXVIII.
Authors: Lobel Bertha L. , Levy Emilia , Kisch E. S. , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The origin of the uterine eosinophilic granulocytes in the rat has been investigated. Following ovariectomy the uteri of cyclic rats become depleted of eosinophilic granulocytes within two weeks. Administration of oestrogen to female rats three weeks after ovariectomy was followed by marked uterine eosinophilia within 48 hours. When ovariectomized rats were given tritiated thymidine (precursor for DNA) for a period of six days, autoradiographs of smears of bone marrow and peripheral blood showed that the nucleated elements were labelled, but at the same time tritiated thymidine was not incorporated in the uterus, except in some epithelial cells of lumen and glands. Following administration of oestrogen after cessation of the treatment with tritiated thymidine, eosinophilia was induced in the uteri of the ovariectomized rats. All the infiltrating eosinophilic granulocytes were labelled, indicating that these cells had originated from the bone marrow and had infiltrated the uterus under the influence of oestrogen. The conclusion is reached that the eosinophilic granulocytes which appear periodically in the uterus of the rat in certain physiological states (e. g. oestrus of the normal cycle) originate from haematopoetic sites in the bone marrow, and are not produced locally from cells within the uterus itself.
EFFECT OF CORTISONE ON PLASMA VOLUME, TOTAL BLOOD VOLUME AND SERUM PROTEIN
Authors: Blomstedt B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of short-term administration of large doses of cortisone acetate on the plasma volume, total blood volume and serum protein in man was studied. During the period of administration there was a significant increase in the plasma volume (P < 0.001), the total blood volume (P < 0.001), and the absolute amount of serum protein (P < 0.001). Three days after withdrawing the cortisone, the values had returned to the pretreatment levels.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE RATE OF DISAPPEARANCE OF LABELLED THYROXINE FROM THE INTRAVASCULAR COMPARTMENT OF MAN, WITH REFERENCE TO THE ROLE OF THYROXINE BINDING PROTEINS
Authors: Webster Brian R. , Britton Amy , Volpé Robert , Ezrin Calvin 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The disappearance of an intravenously injected tracer dose of 131I-labelled L-thyroxine from the circulation has been followed for 70 minutes. We have confirmed that the most significant separation between euthyroid subjects and patients with hyperthyroidism or myxoedema is given by the single exponential slope of the regression of blood radioactivity occurring between 20 and 50 minutes after T4* injection. This slope is referred to as the acute T4* half-time. When there is no alteration in total TBG the acute T4* half-time is closely related to the plasma BEI concentration. Increase in the latter due to Graves' disease, toxic nodular goitre, or exogenous administration of thyroxine or desiccated thyroid, results in a comparable acceleration in the acute T4* half-time compared to the value in euthyroid control subjects. Conversely patients with a low BEI due to primary or radioactive iodine induced myxoedema all have a significantly slow acute T4* half-time compared to normal subjects. There was no specific abnormality in the handling of thyroxine by patients with Graves' disease in contrast to the earlier findings of Lennon et al. (1961). Hypermetabolism per se does not affect the acute T4* half-time. The administration of pharmacological doses of triiodothyronine, unlike similar doses of thyroxine, failed to affect the acute T4* half-time. The acute T4* half-time is consistently related in an inverse manner to the concentration of unsaturated thyroxine-binding sites in association with TBG. These data show no such correlation between TBPA binding and the acute T4 half-time. Synthetic oestrogen, by increasing the unsaturated thyroxine-binding capacity of TBG, produces a profound slowing of the acute T4* halftime.
COMPOSITION OF 131I RADIOACTIVITY IN PLASMA IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL THYROID FUNCTION*
Authors: Emrich Dieter , Uhl Nikolaus 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The 131I radioactivity of plasma in 55 patients with normal and abnormal thyroid function was determined by means of paper chromatography. The determinations were carried out between 2 and 111 hours after diagnostic (300 μc) and therapeutic doses of radioactive iodine. The following results were obtained:
Mainly the relative concentration of 131I-triiodothyronine (131I-T3) was dependent on the time interval after the administration of 131I. The relative concentration of 131I-thyroxine (131I-T4) and 131I-T3 seemed to be independent of the dose of 131I administered. In hyperthyroidism the relative percentage of 131I-thyroxine was not changed as compared with that in euthyroid patients whereas the relative percentage of 131I-triiodothyronine showed an increase during the whole period of observation. Its decrease with the clinical improvement of hyperthyroidism was statistically not significant. Evidence was obtained that thyrotrophin (TSH) altered the 131I-T4/131I-T3 ratio in favour of 131I-T3 in human subjects. The incidence of detectable 131I-labelled iodotyrosines appeared to depend on the dose of 131I and the thyroid activity, but their share (the average not exceeding 6%) of the total radioactivity of plasma was independent of the amount of 131I administered.
FURTHER STUDIES ON A THYROID STIMULATING FACTOR IN CRUDE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS AND IN URINE
Authors: Burger A. , Kunz R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urine from pregnant women was concentrated by a kaolin-acetone method and tested by the McKenzie bioassay (1958) for thyrotrophin (TSH). Only small responses, without any dose-response curve were found. However, more purified proteins, recovered from an intermediate step in human urinary chorionic gonadotrophin (crude HCG) purification and supplied by Organon, Holland, produced much higher biological responses, when tested in corresponding concentrations. Yet, even here, no straight dose-response curve was obtained and the responses were more prolonged at higher concentrations. As described before (Burger 1967), thyroid stimulating factor in purified human urinary chorionic gonadotrophin (TSF in HCG) produced a straight dose-response curve. In gel filtration studies, TSF in HCG together with the bulk of urinary proteins were eluted more rapidly than bovine TSH (BTSH), suggesting a higher molecular weight of TSF in HCG preparations. By double diffusion technique, uromucoid could be demonstrated immunologically in crude and in purified HCG.
To explain the different biological responses in crude and purified urinary proteins in the McKenzie bioassay and the different elution patterns in gel filtration studies with TSF in HCG and TSH, the following hypothesis is advanced: In urine TSH is bound to urinary proteins, possibly to uromucoid, which interfere with its biological activity. The biological activity is regained by purification.
INDIREKTE NIERENPERFUSION MIT DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERON UND SEINEN KONJUGATEN BEIM MEERSCHWEINCHEN
Authors: Rindt W. , Oertel G. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Upon a single perfusion of the guinea pig kidney with DHEA and its conjugates distinct differences in the retention of injected material was observed. 32% of the free steroid, 43% of DHEA-sulfatide, 14% of DHEA-sulfate and 1% of DHEA-glucuronoside were taken up by renal tissue.
ADRENAL AND OVARIAN TESTS IN FEMALE HIRSUTISM
Authors: Reforzo-Membrives J. , Rocca D. Z. , Enriori C. L. , Mazza S. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The role of the adrenal cortex and the ovary in hirsutism was studied by estimating the urinary neutral 17-ketosteroids before and after suppression with dexamethasone, and following the administration of HCG to patients while still on dexamethasone treatment. Studies were performed in 11 non hirsute normally menstruating women, 16 women with hirsutism and polycystic ovaries (PO), as demonstrated by gynaecography, and 56 women with hirsutism (H).
Before adrenal suppression the 17-ketosteroids were higher in women with PO and H. After dexamethasone administration, the 17-ketosteroids decreased to more uniform levels similar to those found in normal women. Following stimulation with HCG, the 17-ketosteroids were higher in the former two groups than in normal subjects. In normal women there was no correlation between the values before and after dexamethasone while in women with PO and H a positive correlation was found. The differences between values before and after dexamethasone increased proportionately to the values found before dexamethasone administration; this correlation was more evident in the PO and H groups.
The correlation of values after dexamethasone and after HCG administration was statistically significant in patients with PO and H, but not in normal women. No differences were found between women with PO and H.
These results suggest that there is an increased production by the adrenal cortex and the ovary of androgenic steroids in women with PO and H with no fixed ratio between the contribution of each organ.
ON THE HISTOLOGY OF THE INTERSTITIUM AND THE OCCURRENCE OF STEROIDS IN THE STICKLEBACK (GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS L.) TESTIS
Authors: Gottfried H. , van Mullem P. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This investigation was undertaken to ascertain the relationship between the testicular steroids of teleost fish and the degree of interstitial cell development in the gonad, during a limited period in the reproductive cycle.
Testicular samples obtained from adult Gasterosteus aculeatus without nuptial dress caught during their spawning migration from salt to fresh water were examined histologically. The results indicated complete spermatogenesis with an immature interstitium. Males in this phase were made dominant by exposure to artificial summer temperatures and daylengths, and their gonads were compared with those of non-dominant specimens. Histological evidence indicated large interstitial cells in dominant, and small, developing Leydig cells in the testes of non-dominant fish.
The percentage of non-tubular/total testis tissue, determined histometrically, indicated 28% and 32% respectively, in dominant and non-dominant specimens, probably reflecting changes in glandular activity.
The testicular steroid content of dominant and non-dominant fish was compared by thin-layer purification of testes extracts and gas chromatographic identification and estimation. Testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and progesterone occur in the testes of dominant fish. However, gonadal tissue of non-dominants contained no detectable amounts of testosterone, although androstenedione, DHA and progesterone were identified. The testicular steroid level of dominant and non-dominant specimens were compared, and indicated that dominants had 5–7 times the steroid level of non-dominants.