bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
MexXY-OprM substrate profile in a major efflux knockout system reveals distinct antibiotic substrate classes
Authors: Kavanaugh Logan G. , Hariharan Shraddha M. , Conn Graeme L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Defining the substrates of resistance-nodulation-division systems is often complicated by the presence of multiple systems in a single bacterial species. Using a major efflux knockout strain, we developed a
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
system that enables controlled expression of MexXY-OprM in the absence of background efflux complexes with overlapping substrate profiles. This system identified three groups of potential substrates: substrates, partial substrates, and nonsubstrates, and defined trimethoprim as a new substrate for MexXY-OprM.

IMPORTANCE

Increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a major public health concern. One way bacteria can sustain growth in the presence of antibiotics is through active removal of these molecules via efflux pumps. In
Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
expression of the MexXY-OprM efflux pump is induced by treatment with certain antibiotics, resulting in the efflux of a diverse set of antimicrobials. Here, we designed an inducible system that allows for the determination of preferred antibiotic substrates for efflux by MexXY-OprM in a major efflux knockout strain. We show there are three distinct substrate classes—substrates, partial substrates, and nonsubstrates—and, for the first time, that the clinically important antibiotic trimethoprim is a substrate for MexXY-OprM. Our system’s flexible design will enable future studies of other
P. aeruginosa
efflux systems that can tease apart the overlapping substrate profiles of multidrug efflux pumps that can contribute to treatment failures.
Mass Spectra of New Heterocycles: XXVIII. Electron Impact and Chemical Ionization Mass Spectra of 3- and 5-(1H-Pyrrol-1-yl)- and 3-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)thiophen-2-amines
Authors: Klyba L. V. , Sanzheeva E. R. , Nedolya N. A. , Tarasova O. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The behavior of previously unknown 3- and 5-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)- and 3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)thiophen-2-amines under electron impact (70 eV) and chemical ionization (reactant gas methane) has been studied. The title compounds were synthesized in one pot from lithiated 1-propa-1,2-dien-1-yl-, 1-prop-2-yn-1-yl-, and 1-methyl-2-prop-1-yn-1-yl-1H-pyrroles, isothiocyanates, and methyl iodide. Under electron impact, all compounds formed stable molecular ions (M
+·
, I
rel 100%) which underwent fragmentation along two common pathways, C–N bond cleavage in the amine substituent with charge localization on the sulfur atom and generation of [M – R]+ ions (first pathway) and [M – Me]+ ions (second pathway). An exception was N-butyl-substituted thiophenamine which showed no [M – Me]+ ion in the mass spectrum. The stability of these ions depended on the nature of the R substituent. Thus, the [M – R]+ ion peak (R = Alk) had the highest intensity (I
rel 28–91%), whereas the [M – R]+ ions (R = Ar) were the least abundant (I
rel 3–8%). In contrast, the intensity of the [M – Me]+ ion peak in the mass spectra of N-aryl-substituted thiophenamines (I
rel 28–52%) was higher than the intensity of the corresponding ion peak of N-alkyl analogues (I
rel 14–41%), except for N-ethyl-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)thiophen-2-amine, in the spectrum of which the intensity of the [M – Me]+ ion peak was 57%. The [M – R]+ and [M – Me]+ ions derived from all N,N-dimethylthiophen-2-amines had the same m/z value and structure. The third fragmentation pathway was observed only for N-alkylthiophenamines; it involved α-cleavage in the amine substituent with charge localization on the exocyclic nitrogen atom. The fragmentation pathways of ions derived from all thiophenamines studied were proposed on the basis of analysis of tandem mass spectra (MS2). All 3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)thiophen-2-amines under chemical ionization with methane as reactant gas easily underwent protonation, charge transfer, and electrophilic addition processes, and the resulting M
+·
, [M + H]+ and [M + Et]+ gave high-intensity peaks in the mass spectra.
Time to breastfeeding cessation and its predictors among mothers of index children aged 2–3 years in Bedele Town, Southwest Ethiopia: a community-based retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Tesfa Fedasa , Debele Gebiso Roba , Tsegaye Dereje 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundBreastfeeding ensures the survival and health of a child. The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months and continuing for up to 2 years. However, the duration of breastfeeding is below what is recommended globally. In Ethiopia, more than a quarter of mothers stop breastfeeding before the second birth date. Information on time to breastfeeding cessation and its predictors is needed to address this issue.ObjectiveTo assess the time to the cessation of breastfeeding and its predictors among mothers who have children aged two to 2–3 years in southwest Ethiopia, 2022.Methods: A community-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 471 randomly selected mothers with children aged 2–3 years in Southwest Ethiopia from 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2022. An interviewer-administered pre-questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into Epidata version 4.6 and exported to STATA version 14.1 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable survival models were fitted. The Weibull proportional hazard model was used to identify predictors for time to breastfeeding cessation.ResultThe overall incidence of early cessation of breastfeeding was found to be 11.05 per 1000 person-months of the follow-up period. Nearly a quarter (23.38%) of mothers ceased breastfeeding early. Educational status (diploma and above) (AHR=2.49: 95% CI (1.27, 4.90)), not bottle feeding (AHR=0.32, 95% CI(0.13, 0.76)), complementary feeding before 6 months (AHR=1.82, 95% CI(1.40, 2.37), ≥4 ANC follow-up (AHR=0.60; 95% CI (0.37, 0.96)), number of children (2–4) (AHR=2.82, CI (1.73, 4.61)) and (>4) (AHR=3.66, CI (1.36, 9.87)) were independent predictors of early cessation of breastfeeding.ConclusionThe time to breastfeeding cessation was higher than that reported in previous studies. Therefore, strengthening maternal health education and breastfeeding counselling at both the health facility and community levels is recommended.
Health-related adverse work outcomes associated with post COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Naik Hiten , Zhu Bingyue , Er Lee , Sbihi Hind , Janjua Naveed Z , Smith Peter M , Tran Karen , Levin Adeera , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSymptoms from post COVID-19 condition (PCC) can impair functioning in working-age adults. However, there is uncertainty about the relationship between PCC and work outcomes. This study aimed to assess health-related adverse work outcomes in individuals with a PCC history compared with others who had COVID-19.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study in which participants in British Columbia (BC) completed an online questionnaire. Participants comprised adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR at least 2 years before questionnaire completion and were working age (18–64) at the time of infection. PCC status was determined by self-report. The health-related adverse work outcomes evaluated included change in occupation or employer, reduced workload, increased sick days compared with before COVID-19, early retirement and indefinite sick leave. Analyses were weighted to reflect the characteristics of individuals who had COVID-19 in BC. Propensity score overlap weighting was used to adjust for relevant sociodemographic and clinical covariates.ResultsAmong 1106 participants, 966 (87.3%) were employed when they contracted SARS-CoV-2 and included in analyses. Of these participants, 47.8% were female, the median age was 37 and 46.9% had a PCC history. Compared with other individuals who had COVID-19, those with a PCC history were more likely to have had a health-related adverse work outcome (46.5% vs 24.9%; adjusted OR (aOR) 2.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 4.0)) and reported a greater number of sick days in the first 2 years since contracting SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted mean difference 43 days (95% CI 20 to 65)). The risk of a health-related adverse work outcome was especially high in those with post-COVID-19 fatigue (aOR 4.6 (95% CI 2.7 to 7.9)), fever (aOR 4.0 (95% CI 1.7 to 9.6)), weakness (aOR 3.8 (95% CI 2.2 to 6.3)), palpitations (aOR 3.3 (95% CI 2.0 to 5.0)) and brain fog (aOR 3.2 (95% CI 2.0 to 5.0)).ConclusionsPCC is associated with health-related adverse work outcomes. This is an important consideration for clinicians, employers and health system leaders.
Early plasma ferritin concentrations are not associated with time to red cell transfusions in extremely and very preterm neonates: a prospective single-site observational study
Authors: O'Reilly Daniel , Fox Áine , Murphy Lauren , Murphy Claire , Glynn Anna-Claire , Kelleher Grainne , Ni Ainle Fionnuala , McCallion Naomi 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between plasma ferritin concentrations and (1) antenatal factors and (2) requirement for red cell transfusion.Study designThis single-site prospective study recruited infants in the first week of life who were born <32 weeks’ corrected gestational age and did not receive a red cell transfusion prior to sampling. Ferritin concentrations were assessed on discard plasma taken as part of routine neonatal investigations in the first week of life (median day of life=3, IQR 2–5 days). Reasons for delivery, placental histology and demographics were recorded.ResultsPlasma ferritin concentrations were not significantly associated with birth weight or gestational age in this cohort of extremely/very preterm neonates (n=114: n=26, <28 weeks’ corrected gestational age; n=88, 28–32 weeks’ corrected gestational age). Neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis had an increased ferritin concentration versus those who were not. Neonates exposed to pre-eclampsia had a significantly lower ferritin concentration than those who were not. Early ferritin concentration was not associated with time to transfusion in a time to event analysis.ConclusionsPlasma ferritin concentrations in very/extremely preterm neonates are variable and associated with the intrauterine environment. Ferritin concentration was not predictive of time to transfusion in this cohort and was not significantly different at smaller birth weight or earlier gestation. This is important for considerations of iron storage in very preterm neonates and its developmental consequences.
Using the capture-recapture method to ascertain the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among elite military personnel
Authors: Lovalekar Mita , Keenan K A , Cruz D E , Steele E J , Beals K , Nindl B C 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionInjury epidemiology research traditionally uses a single musculoskeletal injury (MSI) data source, such as injury self-report (ISR) or medical record-review (MRR). MSI data obtained from ISR may be incomplete due to recall issues, and MRR data may be incomplete if medical attention was not sought, which is especially problematic in military populations. The objective of this analysis was to determine the ascertainment-corrected incidence of MSI among Special Forces (SF) military personnel using a novel statistical technique, capture-recapture (CRC).MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study used two sources of MSI data (ISR and MRR) collected at SF military installations. The CRC analysis, using the Chapman modification of the Lincoln-Petersen estimator, was conducted to assess the completeness of MSI data and to estimate the 1-year ascertainment-corrected cumulative MSI incidence.ResultsMSI data were available for 335 SF personnel (age: 28.9±6.2 years). At the time the study was conducted, only men could qualify as SF personnel. The percentage of participants identified as injured were 31.3% in the ISR, 26.6% in the MRR and 14.0% in both sources. The CRC estimate of the number of injured participants was 197.8 (95% CI 169.7, 225.8), with a CRC estimated 1 year cumulative incidence of 59.0% (95% CI 50.7%, 67.4%). Overall ascertainment was good (74.3%), but was relatively lower for spine MSI (49.0%) as compared with lower (73.7%) or upper (72.7%) extremity MSI. Ascertainment was highest for fractures (79.5%) versus strain (60.0%) or sprain (68.3%).ConclusionsThis was the first study to apply the CRC technique to estimate MSIs among SF personnel, who are at a very high risk of sustaining MSIs. Completeness of the MSI data varied by the MSI anatomic location and type. Further research into the application of the CRC technique in military populations is warranted, to provide an accurate estimate of the MSI burden.
Matching and positivity beyond minimal coupling in effective theories of photons and gravitons
Authors: Alviani Edoardo , Falkowski Adam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the low-energy effective theories of photons and gravitons, matching them at one loop to a UV completion with a massive spinning matter particle. The matter is allowed to have non-minimal electromagnetic and gravitational interactions. We construct the one-loop 4-photon and 4-graviton helicity amplitudes with matter in the loop carrying anomalous multipole moments, and we read off the Wilson coefficients in the effective theory below the matter particle mass. Much as in the case of minimal coupling, the Wilson coefficients beyond the leading order turn out to be confined to small islands in the much larger theory space allowed by existing positivity constraints.
Individual variation in the functional lateralization of human ventral temporal cortex: Local competition and long-range coupling
Authors: Blauch Nicholas M. , Plaut David C. , Vin Raina , Behrmann Marlene 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ventral temporal cortex (VTC) of the human cerebrum is critically engaged in high-level vision. One intriguing aspect of this region is its functional lateralization, with neural responses to words being stronger in the left hemisphere, and neural responses to faces being stronger in the right hemisphere; such patterns can be summarized with a signed laterality index (LI), positive for leftward laterality. Converging evidence has suggested that word laterality emerges to couple efficiently with left-lateralized frontotemporal language regions, but evidence is more mixed regarding the sources of the right-lateralization for face perception. Here, we use individual differences as a tool to test three theories of VTC organization arising from: 1) local competition between words and faces driven by long-range coupling between words and language processes, 2) local competition between faces and other categories, 3) long-range coupling with VTC and temporal areas exhibiting local competition between language and social processing. First, in an in-house functional MRI experiment, we did not obtain a negative correlation in the LIs of word and face selectivity relative to object responses, but did find a positive correlation when using selectivity relative to a fixation baseline, challenging ideas of local competition between words and faces driving rightward face lateralization. We next examined broader local LI interactions with faces using the large-scale Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. Face and tool LIs were significantly anti-correlated, while face and body LIs were positively correlated, consistent with the idea that generic local representational competition and cooperation may shape face lateralization. Last, we assessed the role of long-range coupling in the development of VTC lateralization. Within our in-house experiment, substantial positive correlation was evident between VTC text LI and that of several other nodes of a distributed text-processing circuit. In the HCP data, VTC face LI was both negatively correlated with language LI and positively correlated with social processing in different subregions of the posterior temporal lobe (PSL and STSp, respectively). In summary, we find no evidence of local face-word competition in VTC; instead, more generic local interactions shape multiple lateralities within VTC, including face laterality. Moreover, face laterality is also influenced by long-range coupling with social processing in the posterior temporal lobe, where social processing may become right-lateralized due to local competition with language.
The Constitution of the Scientific Observation Site (15th–18th Century)
Authors: Deias Dalia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this special issue, we aim to study the places where observations, experiments, studies and instruments were practised, in France, between the fifteenth century and the end of the eighteenth century. We want here to react to previous existing studies on scientific observation, by focusing on the new and fundamental aspect of places and material conditions of observation and, complementary to the literature, by using especially images. While the prevailing literature has described places of observational practice (called observatories, laboratories, ateliers …) isolating them from their political, social and cultural context, these places were not created as a defined and complete category but they were imagined by the actors, cared for over time and adapted to all kinds of material needs.
Measurements from Inside Hurricane Ian using a Mobile Instrumentation Network
Authors: Ringhausen Jacquelyn , Alford Addison , Brauer Noah , Calhoun Kristin , Chmielewski Vanna , Waugh Sean 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To enhance the understanding of hurricane electrification and hazards, an unprecedented assortment of instruments which include a mobile lightning mapping array (LMA), a mobile research radar, sounding units, and four mobile mesonets were used to collect in-situ measurements during the landfall of Hurricane Ian (2022). In particular, this was the first ever targeted research effort to use a mobile LMA for a landfalling hurricane to record the 3D structure of lightning flashes before and after landfall in both the eyewall and surrounding rainbands. Contained within this paper, we describe the deployment in detail and provide a first look at the observed data collected. Observations of the total 3D lightning inside a hurricane in combination with frequent soundings and mobile radar helps provide context to how and why certain areas of a hurricane become electrified, and has the potential to be used operationally to monitor severe convection and intensity changes in hurricanes. The data collected from Hurricane Ian will be useful for a better understanding of the long-term lightning trends in hurricanes.
The Weakening of the Lagged Relationship between the Indian Ocean Basin Mode and Central Pacific ENSO in Recent Decades: Influence of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Zhao Xia , Yang Guang , Zhang Yazhou , Yuan Dongliang , Liu Lin , Liu Baochao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present study examines the interdecadal variability in the lagged relationship between the Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) and central Pacific (CP) ENSO events in recent decades via observational data and phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) model data. It is found that the teleconnection between the winter-to-spring IOB and CP ENSO a year later has changed since 2000. Prior to 2000, IOB warming (cooling) triggered CP La Niña (El Niño) through wind anomalies over the Indo-Pacific. However, the interbasin connection between the IOB and CP ENSO weakened after 2000 owing to the weak linkage between the IOB and zonal wind anomalies in the tropical western Pacific. Furthermore, sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (TAO) could play a crucial role in the interdecadal variability of the IOB–CP ENSO relationship. Prior to 2000, the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans were coupled. The covariability between the IOB and TAO SSTAs has led to an increase in CP ENSO intensity in the ensuing seasons by surface wind variation over the tropical western Pacific. However, after 2000, the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans were decoupled, with a weakening contribution to surface wind variation in the western Pacific, resulting in the weakening of the IOB–CP ENSO relationship. These findings are corroborated by CMIP6 model simulations.

Significance Statement
While the boreal winter-to-spring Indian Ocean Basin (IOB) contributes to the occurrence of central Pacific (CP) ENSO a year later, it remains unclear whether this predictor of CP ENSO has varied over time in recent decades. Moreover, it is uncertain whether a close relationship exists between the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Atlantic Ocean and the interdecadal variability in the IOB–CP ENSO relationship. This study aims to understand the interdecadal variability in the connection between the IOB and CP ENSO after 1979, as well as the influence of the tropical Atlantic Ocean (TAO). Our analysis demonstrated that the lagged relationship between the IOB and CP ENSO has weakened since 2000. Furthermore, we discovered a close relationship between the SSTAs in the TAO and the interdecadal modulation of the IOB–CP ENSO relationship. These findings emphasize the significance of three-ocean interactions in the interdecadal variability of ENSO prediction.
Parenting and Young Adult Crime: The Enduring Effects of Parental Attitudes and Behaviors
Authors: Copp Jennifer E. , Mumford Elizabeth A. , Taylor Bruce G. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives We draw on social learning theory to examine associations between parents’ attitudes, beliefs, and behavior and youth crime. Extending beyond prior work in the social learning tradition, we expand the scope of attitudes and beliefs that may elevate youths’ risk, recognizing that most interactions and communications involve noncriminal considerations. Methods Using longitudinal data from the National Survey of Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence ( n = 1,162), we explore the direct and indirect role of parental attitudes and behaviors on individuals’ self-reported crime using structural equation models. Results Our findings provide support for a social learning approach and demonstrate the ongoing role of parents through late adolescence to adulthood via direct and indirect pathways. We find that parental behaviors are associated with youths’ involvement in crime. In addition, parental influence processes help to shape youths’ own developing attitudes which, in turn, contribute to their risk of offending. Conclusions These findings underscore the need to direct additional attention to family influence processes to develop a comprehensive understanding of youth involvement in crime and to inform the development of programmatic efforts focused on disrupting the process of intergenerational transmission.