bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary breast cancer phenotypes associated with propensity for central nervous system metastases
Authors: Tham Yee‐Lu , Sexton Krystal , Kramer Rita , Hilsenbeck Susan , Elledge Richard 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.There is anecdotal evidence that the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastases in breast cancer patients is increasing. It is unclear whether specific tumor biological properties or the use of systemic therapies influence this risk.METHODS.Using a database of 10,782 patients, 2685 patients were identified who experienced recurrence distantly. Clinical and biological features were analyzed in 2 ways: 1) patients who ever had versus those who never had CNS metastases, and 2) CNS metastases as the first site of recurrence versus those who had other sites. Correlations of survival after CNS metastasis with clinical and biologic features were also analyzed.RESULTS.In the ever versus never analysis, CNS metastases were significantly associated with younger age, premenopausal status, infiltrating ductal carcinoma histology (IDC), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negativity, low Bcl‐2, high S‐phase, aneuploidy, and altered p53. Tumor size, lymph node status, and use of adjuvant systemic therapy played little role. HER‐2 overexpression was not associated with an increased risk in these patients (none of whom were treated with trastuzumab) (P = .91). However, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression was associated with increased risk (P = .02). A multivariate analysis revealed ER negativity (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, P<.001), IDC histology (OR 2.5, P = .02), and young age (P<.001) as independent factors for CNS metastases. The clinical and biologic profiles of primary tumors with CNS metastases at first recurrence did not differ from those with CNS metastases after recurrence to other sites, except for HER‐2 status. HER‐2‐positive tumors were not more likely to undergo recurrence initially in the CNS (P = .04). The median survival after CNS metastases was 5.5 months and HER‐2‐positive patients had a shorter survival.CONCLUSIONS.Younger patients with hormone receptor‐negative, highly proliferative, genomically unstable, and p53‐altered tumors were at increased relative risk for CNS metastases. HER‐2 expression and adjuvant systemic therapies did not increase this risk. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
HUVECs from newborns with a strong family history of diabetes show diminished ROS synthesis in the presence of high glucose concentrations
Authors: Alvarado‐Vásquez Noé , Páez Araceli , Zapata Estrella , Alcázar‐Leyva Susana , Zenteno Edgar , Massó Felipe , Montaño Luis F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackgroundA family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the probability to develop DM and endothelial dysfunction. The probable mechanism involves augmented reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the synthesis of ROS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) obtained from healthy newborns with (experimental) and without (control) a strong family history of type 2 DM, exposed to different glucose concentrations.MethodsHUVECs were exposed to various glucose concentrations for 24 and 48 h periods, before cell proliferation, mitochondrial activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined. Intracellular ROS synthesis in the presence or absence of the mitochondrial uncoupler CCCP, cytochalasin B, or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) was also evaluated.ResultsAs opposed to control HUVECs, we found that experimental HUVECs exposed to 30 mmol/L glucose showed a 50% decrease in cell proliferation, a 90% reduction in mitochondrial activity, and a statistically significant inhibition of ROS synthesis in the presence of CCCP or cytochalasin B; DPI had no effect.ConclusionsOur results suggest that mitochondria and NAD(P)H‐oxidase from HUVECs obtained from healthy newborns with a family history of DM have an innate deficient response to high glucose concentrations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A role for the transcription factor RelB in IFN‐α production and in IFN‐α‐stimulated cross‐priming
Authors: Le Bon Agne , Montoya Maria , Edwards Matthew J. , Thompson Clare , Burke Shannon A. , Ashton Miranda , Lo David , Tough David F. , Borrow Persephone 
Published: June 2006

AbstractChimeric mice generated with bone marrow from RelB‐deficient (–/–), RelB‐heterozygous (+/–) and wild‐type (+/+) mice were used to determine how total or partial absence of the transcription factor RelB in haematopoietic cells affects the immune response generated after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. In RelB–/– chimeras, early virus replication was enhanced and LCMV clearance was impaired. Although plasmacytoid dendritic cell numbers were similar, serum interferon (IFN)‐α levels in RelB–/– and RelB+/– chimeras were markedly lower than in RelB+/+ chimeras during early LCMV infection. Further, both RelB–/– and RelB+/– chimeras mounted a lower‐magnitude LCMV‐specific CD8+ T cell response than their RelB+/+ counterparts, although the LCMV‐specific CD8+ T cells present were differentiated into functional cytotoxic cells. In LCMV‐infected RelB–/– mice, induction of cross‐priming to an independently injected soluble protein, which depends on the IFN‐α/β made during the viral infection, was also impaired. Notably, provision of exogenous IFN‐α did not restore the ability of RelB–/– mice to cross‐prime. In summary, these results show that the RelB/NF‐κB pathway is required for optimal IFN‐α production after LCMV infection and suggest a crucial role for RelB in IFN‐α‐stimulated cross‐priming of CD8+ T cell responses.
Dissecting CXCR5+ T cell populations – on the quest for a better understanding of B cell help during T dependent antibody responses
Authors: Warnatz Klaus 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHigh affinity antibody responses against protein antigens critically depend on T cell help during the germinal center reaction. So called follicular helper T cells (TFH), present in the germinal centers of human tonsils, have been characterised by the expression of CXCR5; however, only subgroups of the heterogeneous CXCR5 T cell population strongly support antibody production. A paper in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates that high expression of the inducible co‐stimulator (ICOS) molecule, rather than CD57, correlates with the follicular helper function. This result represents another step towards a better understanding of the complexity of the different T cell subpopulations participating in the germinal center reaction.See accompanying article http://www.dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200536136
Amperometric Detection of Glucose with Glucose Oxidase Immobilized in Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Shan Dan , Yao Wenjuan , Xue Huaiguo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA novel cheap and simple amperometric biosensor, based on the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) into anionic clay; layered double hydroxides (LDHs) [Zn3‐Al‐Cl] is presented. GOD can be entrapped in the LDHs gel via electrostatic interaction. Amperometric detection of glucose with an unmediated sensor at 0.6 V (vs. SCE) results in a rapid response (5 s), a wide linear range of 0.001–12 mM, as well as good operational stability. The low detection limit was 0.1 μM at 3σ. The apparent Michaelis‐Menten constant (K$\rm{ {_{M}^{app}})}$ is 4.4 mM. The general interferences that coexisted in blood serum do not affect glucose determination, except for uric acid. In addition, optimization of the biosensor construction and the effects of the applied potential on the amperometric response of the sensor were investigated and discussed herein.
An integrated map of the murine hippocampal proteome based upon five mouse strains
Authors: Pollak Daniela D. , John Julius , Hoeger Harald , Lubec Gert 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWith the advent of proteomics technologies it is possible to simultaneously demonstrate the expression of hundreds of proteins. The information offered by proteomics provides context‐based understanding of cellular protein networks and has been proven to be a valuable approach in neuroscience studies. The mouse hippocampus has been a major target of analysis in the search for molecular correlates to neuronal information storage. Although human and rat hippocampal samples have been successfully subjected to proteomic profiling, no elaborate analysis providing the fundamental experimental basis for protein‐expression studies in the mouse hippocampus has been carried out as yet. This led us to construct a master map generated from the individual hippocampal proteomes of five different mouse strains. A proteomic approach, based upon 2‐DE coupled to MS (MALDI‐TOF/TOF) has been chosen in an attempt to establish a comprehensive reference database of proteins expressed in the mouse hippocampus. 469 individual proteins, represented by 1156 spots displaying various functional states of the respective gene products were identified. Proteomic profiling of the hippocampus, a brain region with a pivotal role for neuronal information processing and storage may provide insight into the characteristics of proteins serving this highly sophisticated function.
Combination of 768‐well microplate array diagonal gel electrophoresis with duplex PCR of X and Y chromosome markers for quality control of epidemiological DNA banks
Authors: Huang Shuwen , Chen Xiao‐he , Day Ian N. M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractLarge DNA banks for human epidemiological studies have become an increasingly important research tool. The power of genotype‐phenotype studies is dependent both on the quality of phenotyping and of genotyping and of correct linking of phenotypes to genotypes. Samples must be tracked through numerous steps between subject or patient and post‐genotypic data. Only one phenotype, sex, has a perfect and binary correlation with genotype. In mixed sex studies, it may be advantageous for purposes of quality control to keep sexes mixed during the steps from acquisition to DNA bank, in order to be able to check later for sample swaps. We have designed a duplex PCR combining an amplicon from MAOA marking the X chromosome and an amplicon from DDX3Y marking the Y chromosome. We combined this with a simple economical palmtop sized 768‐well microplate compatible electrophoresis system developed in‐house for examination of duplex PCR products. We applied this quality control test in the validation of two DNA banks.
Evaluation of whole‐genome amplification of low‐copy‐number DNA in chimerism analysis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation using STR marker typing
Authors: Nagy Marion , Rascon Jelena , Massenkeil Gero , Ebell Wolfram , Roewer Lutz 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWhole‐genome DNA amplification (WGA) is a promising method that generates large amounts of DNA from samples of limited quantity. We investigated the accuracy of a multiplex PCR approach to WGA over STR loci. The amplification bias within a locus and over all analyzed loci was investigated in relation to the amount of template in the WGA reaction, the specific STR locus, and allele length. We observed reproducible error‐free STR profiles with 10 ng down to 1 ng of DNA template. The amplification deviation at a locus and between loci was within the intra‐method reproducibility. WGA is the method of choice for amplifying nanogram amounts of genomic DNA for different applications. We detected unbalanced STR amplifications at one locus and between loci, allelic drop‐outs, and additional alleles after WGA of low‐copy‐number DNA. We found that the high number of drop‐outs and drop‐ins could be eradicated using pooled DNA from separate WGA reactions even with as little as 100 pg of starting template. Nevertheless, the quality of the results was still not sufficient for use in routine chimerism analysis of limited specific cell populations after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Preparative capillary zone electrophoresis using a dynamic coated wide‐bore capillary
Authors: Yassine Mahmoud M. , Lucy Charles A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPreparative capillary zone electrophoresis separations of cytochrome c from bovine and horse heart are performed efficiently in a surfactant‐coated capillary. The surfactant, dimethylditetradecylammonium bromide (2C14DAB), effectively eliminated protein adsorption from the capillary surface, such that symmetrical peaks with efficiencies of 0.7 million plates/m were observed in 50‐µm id capillaries when low concentrations of protein were injected. At protein concentrations greater than 1 g/L, electromigration dispersion became the dominant source of band broadening and the peak shape distorted to triangular fronting. Matching of the mobility of the buffer co‐ion to that of the cytochrome c resulted in dramatic improvements in the efficiency and peak shape. Using 100 mM bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)imino‐tris(hydroxymethyl)methane phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 with a 100‐µm id capillary, the maximum sample loading capacity in a single run was 160 pmol (2.0 µg) of each protein.
Capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry of citrus endophytic bacteria siderophores
Authors: Simionato Ana V. Colnaghi , Simó Carolina , Cifuentes Alejandro , Lacava Paulo Teixeira , Araújo Wellington Luiz , Azevedo João Lúcio , Carrilho Emanuel 
Published: June 2006

AbstractCE‐ESI‐MS with a liquid sheath interface and IT mass analyzer was used for analysis of siderophores from different strains of Methylobacterium spp. citrus endophyte extracts. Three Methylobacterium strains were investigated according to positive bioassay tests. Bacteria cultures were grown under Fe(III) absence (siderophore producing cultures) and under Fe(III) presence (control cultures). Siderophores were extracted from culture supernatant with polystyrene resins. BGE and sheath‐liquid composition were optimized, respectively, in order to assure both, best peak resolution and ESI‐MS sensitivity. The best analysis conditions were obtained with 100 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate at pH 8 as BGE and methanol:H2O 25:75 + 0.05% formic acid as sheath liquid. CZE‐ESI‐MS analysis revealed two possible siderophores, according to bacterium species, presenting Mr of 1004.3 and 798.3 Da.
An apolipoprotein E variant may protect against age‐related macular degeneration through cytokine regulation
Authors: Bojanowski Christine M. , Shen Defen , Chew Emily Y. , Ning Baitang , Csaky Karl G. , Green W. Richard , Chan Chi‐Chao , Tuo Jingsheng 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among the elderly in Western countries. Genetic factors, age, cigarette smoking, nutrition, and exposure to light have been identified as AMD risk factors. In this study, we investigated the association between ApoE C112R/R158C single nucleotide polymorphisms (which determine the E2, E3, and E4 isoforms) and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), and the mechanism underlying the association. Genomic DNA was extracted from 133 clinically screened controls, 94 volunteers with a younger mean age, 120 patients with advanced AMD, and 40 archived ocular AMD slides for single nucleotide polymorphism typing. The effects of recombinant ApoE isoforms on CCL2 (a chemokine), CX3CR1 (a chemokine receptor), and VEGF (a cytokine) expression in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were tested and serum cholesterol profiles of the clinically screened subjects were analyzed. ApoE112R (E4) distribution differed significantly between AMD patients and controls. ApoE112R allele frequency was 10.9% in the AMD group when compared with 16.5% in the younger controls and 18.8% in the clinically screened controls. The pathologically diagnosed archived AMD cases had the lowest allele frequency of 5%. No significant differences in ApoE158C (E2) distribution were observed among the groups. A meta‐analysis of 8 cohorts including 4,289 subjects showed a strong association between AMD and 112R, but not 158C. In vitro studies found that recombinant ApoE suppresses CCL2 and VEGF expression in RPE cells. However, the E4 isoform showed more suppression than E3 in both cases. These results further confirm the association between ApoE112R and a decreased risk of AMD development. The underlying mechanisms may involve differential regulation of both CCL2 and VEGF by the ApoE isoforms. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wind erodibility of soils at Fort Irwin, California (Mojave Desert), USA, before and after trampling disturbance: implications for land management
Authors: Belnap J. , Phillips S. L. , Herrick J. E. , Johansen J. R. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRecently disturbed and ‘control’ (i.e. less recently disturbed) soils in the Mojave Desert were compared for their vulnerability to wind erosion, using a wind tunnel, before and after being experimentally trampled. Before trampling, control sites had greater cyanobacterial biomass, soil surface stability, threshold friction velocities (TFV; i.e. the wind speed required to move soil particles), and sediment yield than sites that had been more recently disturbed by military manoeuvres. After trampling, all sites showed a large drop in TFVs and a concomitant increase in sediment yield. Simple correlation analyses showed that the decline in TFVs and the rise in sediment yield were significantly related to cyanobacterial biomass (as indicated by soil chlorophyll a). However, chlorophyll a amounts were very low compared to chlorophyll a amounts found at cooler desert sites, where chlorophyll a is often the most important factor in determining TFV and sediment yield. Multiple regression analyses showed that other factors at Fort Irwin were more important than cyanobacterial biomass in determining the overall site susceptibility to wind erosion. These factors included soil texture (especially the fine, medium and coarse sand fractions), rock cover, and the inherent stability of the soil (as indicated by subsurface soil stability tests). Thus, our results indicate that there is a threshold of biomass below which cyanobacterial crusts are not the dominant factor in soil vulnerability to wind erosion. Most undisturbed soil surfaces in the Mojave Desert region produce very little sediment, but even moderate disturbance increases soil loss from these sites. Because current weathering rates and dust inputs are very low, soil formation rates are low as well. Therefore, soil loss in this region is likely to have long‐term effects. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geological processes and site structure: Assessing integrity at a Late Paleolithic open‐air site in northern France
Authors: Enloe James G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe difficulty of reading the archaeological record of caves and rock shelters is becoming increasingly obvious to Paleolithic researchers. Although some open‐air sites are thought to avoid such taphonomic complications, interpreting their archaeological record is less straightforward than assumed. Postdepositional processes may obscure structure in configurations of features and artifacts. Recently developed techniques for the excavation and analysis of Paleolithic cave sites can be applied to open‐air sites before spatial patterning is interpreted for inferences about prehistoric social organization. Analysis of the orientation of elongated artifacts on the occupation surface of the late Upper Paleolithic site of Verberie, France, is employed for evaluation of the integrity of site structure. Results indicate spatial structure largely undisturbed by geological processes. The lack of disturbance in the configuration of archaeological materials allows for a behavioral interpretation of those remains. The proposition that Verberie was a hunting campsite for initial carcass processing is supported. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
P2X7 receptors on microglial cells mediate injury to cortical neurons in vitro
Authors: Skaper Stephen D. , Facci Laura , Culbert Ainsley A. , Evans Nicholas A. , Chessell Iain , Davis John B. , Richardson Jill C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe P2X7 receptor has been implicated in the release of cytokines and in the induction of cell death, and is up‐regulated in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Using cocultures of rat cortical neurons and microglia, we show that ATP and the more potent P2X7 agonist benzoylbenzoyl‐ATP (BzATP) cause neuronal cell injury. The deleterious effects of BzATP‐treated microglia were prevented by nonselective P2X antagonists (PPADS and oxidized ATP) and by the more selective P2X7 antagonist Brilliant Blue G. Similar concentrations of BzATP caused release of superoxide and nitric oxide from isolated microglia, and neuronal cell injury was attenuated by a superoxide dismutase mimetic and by a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, suggesting a role for reactive oxide species. Cocultures composed of wild‐type cortical neurons, and microglia from P2X7 receptor‐deficient mice failed to exhibit neuronal cell injury in the presence of BzATP, but retained sensitivity to injury when microglia were derived from genotypically matched normal (P2X7+/+ mice), thereby establishing P2X7 involvement in the injury process. P2X7 receptor activation on microglia thus appears necessary for microglial‐mediated injury of neurons, and proposes that targeting P2X7 receptors may constitute a novel approach for the treatment of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders where a microglial component is evident. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioactive glass S53P4 in frontal sinus obliteration: A long‐term clinical experience
Authors: Peltola Matti , Aitasalo Kalle , Suonpää Jouko , Varpula Matti , Yli‐Urpo Antti 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground.Synthetic, osteoconductive, and antimicrobial bioactive glass (BAG) has been used in many surgical applications.Methods.BAG was used as obliteration material in a series of osteoplastic frontal sinus operations on 42 patients suffering from chronic frontal sinusitis, which could not be cured with other means of treatment.Results.Accurate obliteration of sinuses was achieved in 39 patients. Uneventful recovery and clinical outcome were seen in 92% of the patients. Histopathologic samples harvested at 1, 5, and 10 years after obliteration revealed a healing process progressing from the fibrous tissue phase to bone formation with scattered fibrous tissue and bony obliteration maintaining BAG granule remnants. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) studies showed bone produced by BAG to be similar to natural frontal bone. Micorobiologic cultures obtained with histologic samples revealed no growth of bacteria.Conclusions.BAG appears to be a reliable frontal sinus obliteration material, providing favorable conditions for total bony sinus obliteration. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006