bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ACTH on plasma corticosterone and cortisol in eagles and condors
Authors: Zenoble R. D. , Kemppainen R. J. , Young D. W. , Carpenter J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of ACTH on plasma corticosterone and cortisol was determined in 12 eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and in 6 Andean condors (Vultur gryphus). In all raptors, the concentration of plasma corticosterone was substantially greater than that of cortisol. After ACTH administration, the eagles had a marked increase (P < 0.001) in plasma corticosterone concentrations, but not in plasma cortisol. Administration of saline solution did not induce increased plasma corticosterone concentrations in the eagles. The condors had a smaller increase (P < 0.002) in plasma corticosterone concentrations after ACTH administration, as compared with that of the eagles. However, administration of saline solution in 2 condors resulted in an increase in corticosterone similar to the increase after ACTH administration. In the condor, a stress-related release of endogenous ACTH may have an effect similar to that induced by exogenously administered ACTH. Plasma cortisol concentrations did not increase significantly after administration of ACTH or saline solution in either raptor species.
Serologic evaluation of vaccinated American river otters
Authors: Hoover John P. , Castro Anthony E. , Nieves Mary Ann 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation acquired 20 American river otters (Lutra canadensis) between 1984 and 1985 for reintroduction into Oklahoma waterways. In 1985, 10 otters were evaluated for serum antibody titers after vaccination with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline rhinotracheitis virus (frv), and feline calicivirus. Prevaccination serum-virus neutralization (svn) antibody to feline rhinotracheitis virus was found in 2 otters and to feline calicivirus in 1 otter. Using an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) assay, prevaccination antibody to cpv and fpv was found in 2 otters. A significant increase in svn antibody titers was found after vaccination of otters with canine adenovirus type 2 (6 of 8 animals) and feline calicivirus (1 of 8 animals). One of 8 otters developed significant antibody titers to cpv and fpv, as measured by ifa assay. Otters did not develop svn antibody titers to canine distemper virus after vaccination. Antigens of feline leukemia virus, using elisa, or antibodies to feline infectious peritonitis, using ifa assay, were not found in the 20 otters.
Epizootiology of Sarcocystis infections in mule deer fawns in Oregon
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Kistner T. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
From 1974 to 1977, 62 wild mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fawns from Steens Mountain, Ore were euthanatized in autumn (23 deer), winter (21 deer), and spring (18 deer). The number of sarcocysts of Sarcocystis spp was counted in histologic sections of various muscular organs. Sarcocysts were seen in the muscle specimens of 14 of the 23 deer euthanatized in autumn (September to November) and in specimens from all 39 deer euthanatized in winter (December and January) and spring (March and April).
The sarcocyst burden was greatest in the spring (736/deer), less in the winter (150/deer), and least in autumn (12/deer). Most sarcocysts collected from 3- to 5-month-old deer in autumn were immature, whereas most sarcocysts collected from 9- and 10-month-old deer in the spring were mature. More sarcocysts were seen in sections of muscles from limbs than in those of tongue, esophagus, and other skeletal muscles; the fewest sarcocysts were seen in the heart. Degenerating sarcocysts were seen in deer examined in the spring, but not in deer examined in autumn and winter. Sarcocystis was the only infectious agent found in unthrifty deer fawns. Of the 18 fawns (6 in autumn, 1974; 6 in winter, 1974; and 6 in spring, 1975) examined for helminths, only mild infections were seen in the deer examined in the spring of 1975.
From 1974 to 1977, from the Crooked Creek area of Oregon, 48 mule deer fawns (12 in autumn, 18 in winter, and 18 in spring) were euthanatized and evaluated for Sarcocystis infections. The pattern of Sarcocystis infection in these 48 deer was similar to that in deer from Steens Mountain.
The data indicated that summer and winter ranges are important in the natural epizootiologic aspects of Sarcocystis infections in mule deer.
Effect of ivermectin on murine mites
Authors: Wing Steven R. , Courtney Charles H. , Young Martin D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two sc injections of ivermectin (200 μg/kg of body weight), given one week apart, safely and effectively eliminated mite infestations (Myocoptes musculinus and Myobia musculi) from laboratory mice. When one 200 μg/kg or one 100 μg/kg injection of ivermectin was given to the mice, mite infestations were reduced temporarily.
Prevalence of benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles in horses in a southeastern Pennsylvania practice
Authors: Uhlinger Christine , Johnstone Colin 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of benzimidazole (bz)-resistant small strongyles in horses in a southeastern Pennsylvania practice. Resistant parasites were found in 291 of 342 horses surveyed. Anthelmintic practices and pasture management factors in use for 3 to 6 years did not correlate with the presence of resistant small strongyles.
Benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles were recovered in horses that had been treated alternately with bz and non-bz products and in horses receiving bz products as infrequently as twice a year. However, inasmuch as the horses may have been infected with resistant small strongyles before the various anthelmintic schedules were implemented, it was not possible to attribute bz-resistance to any particular pattern of drug use.
Fifty-one (14.9%) horses had bz-susceptible small strongyles: these horses were on poor overall parasite control programs and had received bz products no more than once a year.
Benzimidazole-piperazine and non-bz drugs were effective in herds infected with bz-resistant small strongyles.
Fractures of the tibial diaphysis in dogs and cats
Authors: Boone E. G. , Johnson A. L. , Montavon P. , Hohn R. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One hundred ninety-five fractures of the canine and feline tibial diaphysis were reviewed. Signalment of the animal; cause, location, and description of the fracture; treatment of the fracture, and response of the fracture to treatment were evaluated. Spiral and oblique fracture patterns were the most frequent in both juvenile (animals less than 12 months old) and adult animals (animals more than 12 months old). Comminuted fractures and open fractures were seen more commonly in the adult animal. Closed reduction and external coaptation as a method of repair was used more frequently in juveniles and open reduction and internal fixation was used more frequently in adults. When open reduction and internal fixation was used, pins, wires, and Kirschner Ehmer external splints were used more frequently in juveniles, and plate and screw fixation of the fracture was used more frequently in adults. The time to bone union varied with age of the animal and method of fixation. Healing times increased in adults, and increased as the stability of the fracture fixation increased. Complications included osteomyelitis and nonunions. Nonunions developed in 4.1% of the fractures not lost to follow-up.
Colonic perforation in corticosteroid-treated dogs
Authors: Toombs James P. , Collins Lynda G. , Graves Glenn M. , Crowe Dennis T. , Caywood Dennis D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Clinical findings for 5 new cases of colonic perforation in corticosteroid-treated dogs were presented and 8 other cases from the literature were reviewed. Colonic perforation was a fatal complication in all 13 dogs, 12 of which had had recent major surgery. Ten dogs were neurosurgical patients, 1 dog received medical therapy for head trauma and nonambulatory paresis, and 2 dogs were operated on for nonneurologic conditions. Dexamethasone was the most frequently used corticosteroid, and 12 dogs received a mean cumulative dose of 6.4 mg/kg over an average period of 5.1 days.
Depression, anorexia, and emesis, the most frequent signs attending colonic perforation, became evident 3 to 8 days after surgery. Signs preceded death by an average of 22.3 hours. Correct antemortem diagnosis (5 dogs) and surgical intervention (3 dogs) had no effect on eventual outcome (mortality = 100 %).
Colonic perforation most frequently developed in the proximal descending portion and always involved the antimesenteric border. Gross fecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity and acute generalized peritonitis were evident in all but one dog. Adhesions were observed at the lesion site in 6 dogs, but prevented gross soilage in only one dog.
Prevalence, transmission, and pathogenicity of Sarcocystis gigantea of sheep
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Leek R. G. , Fayer R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Between March and May 1983, tongues and esophagi of 355 adult ewes from Colorado and Idaho were examined for grossly visible sarcocysts. Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis gigantea were found in 35 sheep. Cats fed sarcocysts from these naturally infected sheep shed sporocysts in their feces. Two adult ewes and 12 lambs inoculated with 1,000 to 1,000,000 sporocysts were euthanatized at postinoculation days (pid) 146, 230, 265, 391, 721, and 882, and their tissues were fed to Sarcocystis-free cats. All inoculated sheep remained clinically normal except for mild pyrexia between pid 12 and 18. Sarcocysts first became grossly visible at pid 391 and sarcocysts from sheep first became infectious for cats at pid 230.
Epizootiologic investigations on a sheep farm with Toxoplasma gondii-induced abortions
Authors: Dubey J.P. , Miller S. , Powell E. C. , Anderson W. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During the lambing season of 1983/1984, 8 of 44 purebred Hampshire ewes on a farm in Knoxville, Md had reproductive problems. In at least 4 of these ewes, the problem was attributed to toxoplasmosis. Necrosis and Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were found in placental specimens from 3 ewes. Agglutinating antibody to T gondii, at a titer of 1:80, was found in pleural fluids of both fetuses aborted from 1 ewe; this we had an antibody titer of 1:6,400 at the time of abortion. In another ewe, the diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation of T gondii from the placenta and 1 of her lambs.
Of numerous free-roaming adult cats on the farm, 16 were trapped, euthanatized, and examined for T gondii. Agglutination antibody to T gondii, at titers of 1:4 to 1:64, was found in serum samples from all the cats. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the brain and skeletal muscles of 9 of the cats, and from the feces of 1 cat.
Blood samples obtained from all 78 sheep on the arm 6 months after the episode of abortion were examined for antibody to T gondii. Agglutinating antibody inters to T gondii were < 1:16 in 46 sheep, 1:16 in 16, 1:64 in 12, 1:256 in 2, 1: 024 in 1, and 1:4,096 in 1. Analyses of serologic data in sheep of various age groups suggested that the Toxoplasma infection was acquired sporadically, probably from feed contaminated with oocysts.
Toxoplasma gondii-induced abortion in dairy goats
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Miller S. , Desmonts G. , Thulliez P. , Anderson W. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three of 8 goats on a Maryland farm aborted or had dystocia associated with toxoplasmosis during the winter of 1984. Doe 1 aborted a decomposed fetus 30 days before term. Modified agglutination test (mat) antibody titers against Toxoplasma gondii were found in pleural fluid of the fetus (1:1,024) and in serum of doe 1 (1:4,096 at 31 days after abortion). Doe 2 aborted a fetus 5 days before term; mat antibody was found in the pleural fluid of the fetus (1: 16,384) and in the doe's serum (1:4,096 on the day of abortion). Placenta from both does had foci of necrosis characteristic of toxoplasmosis, and T gondii was identified in lesions. Doe 3 had dystocia 7 days before term and a partially decomposed fetus was delivered by cesarian section; mat was found in pleural fluid of the fetus (1: 1,024) and in serum from the doe (1:4,096 on the day of abortion). Focal gliosis and calcification were seen in brain specimens from 2 of the 3 fetuses. None of the does produced milk after abortion.
Two other does (No. 4 and 5) delivered apparently healthy kids transplacentally infected with T gondii; mat in serum of both does was 1:4,096. Doe 4 delivered 3 kids; mat titer in a serum from each kid 38 days after birth was 1:16,384. Doe 5 delivered 1 kid with a serum mat titer of 1:1,024 at 38 days after birth. The 3 remaining does had mat titers of 1:256, 1:16, and 1:16, and all delivered healthy kids.
Epizootiologic evidence suggested that the does acquired T gondii infection from oocysts passed in feces of domestic cats on the farm. The mat titers of 4 cats on the farm were 1:65,356; 1:1,024; 1:16; and 1:1,024.
Liver function tests in dogs with portosystemic shunts: Measurement of serum bile acid concentration
Authors: Meyer D. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sulfobromophthalein excretion and plasma ammonia and serum bile acid concentrations were measured in 11 dogs with portal vascular anomalies. The fasting serum bile acid concentration was increased in all 11 dogs (78.9 ± 16.1 μmol/L; normal, 2.6 ± 0.4 μmol/L). For values measured in 8 dogs, the 2-hour postprandial serum bile acid concentration was increased further (177.0 ± 26.4 μmol /L; normal, 7.6 ± 2.3 μmol/L). The fasting plasma ammonia concentration was markedly increased in all 11 dogs (246.9 ± 40.3 μg/dl; normal, 27 to 15 μg/dl). Thirty minutes after the oral administration of ammonium chloride, the plasma ammonia concentration was increased further in the 7 dogs (510.7 ± 45.5 μg/dl; normal, 57.5 to 20.5 μg/dl). Results of the sulfobromophthalein excretion test were abnormal in 10 of 11 dogs (12.3 ± 1.4%; normal, < 5% retention after 30 minutes).
Clostridium botulinum type B toxicosis in a herd of cattle and a group of mules
Authors: Divers T. J. , Bartholomew R. C. , Messick J. B. , Whitlock R. H. , Sweeney R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Clostridium botulinum type B toxicosis was diagnosed as the cause of generalized weakness and death in a group of cows and mules fed from the same batch of rye silage. One severely affected cow was treated and recovered, as did other less severely affected cows. All affected mules died. The remaining cattle in the herd were then vaccinated before continued feeding of the silage.
Differential diagnosis of granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis, distemper, and suppurative meningoencephalitis in the dog
Authors: Sarfaty Deborah , Carrillo Joseph M. , Greenlee Paul G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Clinical differences were determined between granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis, distemper, and suppurative meningoencephalitis in the dog. Dogs with granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis had “head” signs on examination, which progressed to profound caudal fossa abnormalities, changes in mental status, and tetraparesis. Dogs with distemper had a gradual onset of posterior paresis; tetraparesis and occasional vestibular signs developed later in the course of disease. Dogs with suppurative meningoencephalitis had lethargy and anorexia at the time of examination, which progressed to nuchal rigidity, mental depression, tetraparesis, and profound alterations in consciousness. Analysis of cerebral spinal fluid was useful in distinguishing suppurative meningoencephalitis from the other 2 diseases.
Twenty-seven cases of inflammatory disease of the cns in dogs were reviewed. Comparisons of history, results of physical and neurologic examinations, ancillary data, and response to treatment were made. It appeared that certain clinical and neurologic features contributed to the diagnosis of these diseases.
Association of age of ram with distribution of epididymal lesions and etiologic agent
Authors: Walker Richard L. , LeaMaster Brad R. , Stellflug John N. , Biberstein Ernst L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 2-year study of the frequency of isolation of various organisms from mature and yearling rams with epididymitis was conducted at the US Sheep Experiment Station at Dubois, Idaho. Investigation into the distribution of lesions in the epididymis in relation to age of the ram also was studied.
Serologic or bacteriologic evidence of Brucella ovis infection was demonstrated in 79.5% of the mature rams with epididymal lesions. Actinobacillus seminis and Histophilus ovis were the 2 most frequently isolated organisms from yearling rams with lesions.
The tail(s) of the epididymis was the most frequent site of lesion development in the mature rams (86.4%). Yearling rams developed lesions twice as frequently in the tail(s) of the epididymis as in the head(s) of the epididymis. When lesions were localized in the head(s) of the epididymis, an etiologic agent usually was not demonstrated.
Diphacinone-induced coagulopathy in the dog
Authors: Schulman Alan , Lusk Robert , Lippincott C. L. , Ettinger S. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five cases of coagulopathy caused by consumption of indanedione (diphacinone)-based rodenticides are reported. In each case, acute onset of lethargy and respiratory distress were the predominant initial clinical signs. Thoracic radiography revealed pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and/or pericardial effusion as consistent findings. Laboratory evaluations confirmed coagulopathies that responded to vitamin K1 therapy.
Vaccination of swine with an inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccine in the presence of passive immunity
Authors: Paul Prem S. , Mengeling William L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was conducted to determine whether low hemagglutination inhibiting (hi) titers (1:5) for porcine parvovirus (ppv) block the development of immune response to a ppv vaccine. Pigs with low (1:5), medium (1:10 or 1:20), or high (1:40 or 1:80) titers were obtained by iv injections with various amounts of ppv immune serum. Pigs were inoculated with 1 or 2 doses of vaccine and were monitored for serum hi antibodies to ppv. Pigs with low titers responded to vaccine just as well as did the seronegative pigs. The hi titers of pigs with medium titers did not increase after first vaccination. After the second vaccination, however, their titers increased and were similar to those of pigs with low titers. High titers blocked the response to vaccination. The pigs that received 2 doses of vaccine had higher titers than did those of pigs that received 1 dose of vaccine. The results indicated that low titers, which would be expected in gilts at the time of vaccination, do not interfere with immunization by the inactivated ppv vaccine, and that 2 doses of vaccine may provide better and longer lasting immune response to inactivated ppv vaccine and probably longer lasting immunity against ppv-induced reproductive failure.
Characteristics of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid associated with primary brain tumors in the dog: A retrospective study
Authors: Bailey Cleta Sue , Higgins Robert J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Results of cisternal csf analyses of 77 dogs with primary brain tumors (1970 to 1984) were examined retrospectively. The types of primary brain tumors were astrocytomas, choroid plexus papillomas, ependymomas, meningiomas, and oligodendrogliomas. Fifty-three dogs had complete csf analyses performed (total wbc count, total protein content, and pressure). Of these 53 csf, 39.6% had a pattern of change consistent with current descriptions of csf associated with brain neoplasia. Results of the remaining 60.4% of the 53 csf were normal (9.4%) or had an atypical pattern of abnormality (50.9%). The csf associated with meningiomas was unique in having csf with a wbc count >50 cells/μl and a wbc differential count >50% polymorphonuclear (pmn) cells. Within the meningioma group, a predominance of pmn cells in the csf correlated with necrosis or pmn cell infiltration of the tumors. Additional correlations between specific csf characteristics and histologic features of the tumors could not be made.
Statistical analysis of the 77 csf revealed that the mean csf total wbc count of the oligodendroglioma group was significantly less than the mean wbc count of the choroid plexus papilloma group and the meningioma group. The mean csf total protein contents of the astrocytoma group and the meningioma group were significantly less than the mean protein of the choroid plexus papilloma group. The mean csf pressure of the tumor groups was not significantly different. For all 77 tumors, the most common abnormality was an increased total protein content (69.4%); the least common abnormality was an increased total wbc count (41.3%). Considering the 5 types of primary brain tumors, the csf associated with primary brain tumors in the dog was best described as having a total wbc count <50 cells/μl with an increased total protein content and/or an increased pressure.
Congenital feline portosystemic shunts
Authors: Berger Bruce , Whiting Pamela G. , Breznock Eugene M. , Bruhl-Day Rodolfo , Moore Peter F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five young cats with portosystemic communications, 2 with single intrahepatic and 3 with single extrahepatic portosystemic communications, were managed surgically. One cat with a ductus venosus was treated successfully by surgery. Ptyalism and behavioral changes were similar in all 5 cats. Biochemical abnormalities included low bun values, increased blood ammonia values, and increased sulfobromophthalein retention. None of the cats had portal hypertension at the time of surgery. Seemingly, single portosystemic shunts should be considered a surgical disease in the cat.
Detection of ovine intramammary infection with the California mastitis test
Authors: Hueston William D. , Hartwig Nolan R. , Judy John K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The overall sensitivity of the California mastitis test (cmt) for detecting intramammary infection (the likelihood of a positive cmt score in the presence of intramammary infection) was 69.3%. The specificity of the cmt (likelihood of a negative test in the absence of intramammary infection) was 76.5%. When only infections by major ovine mastitis pathogens were considered, the sensitivity increased to 100% and the specificity decreased to 71.1%.
Bacterial cultural examination and cmt scores were recorded for 526 samples of milk obtained from 106 brood ewes. Positive cmt scores were recorded for all samples from udder halves infected with major ovine mastitis pathogens (coagulase-positive staphylococci, Escherichia coli, and Pasteurella haemolytica). The cmt scores for samples from udder halves infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci were variable.
Food hypersensitivity in 30 dogs
Authors: White Stephen D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Food hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 30 dogs. Clinical signs varied, with pruritus (97%), erythema (50%), and papules (37%) being the most common. Diagnosis was based on resolution of clinical signs when the dogs were fed a restricted (“hypoallergenic”) diet, and recurrence of signs when fed their original diet or other foods. No age, breed, or sex predilection was noticed. None of the owners could relate the onset of clinical signs with a recent change in diet. Seven dogs had concurrent fleabite, inhalant, intestinal parasite, or insulin hypersensitivity.
Embryo transfer and transmission of bovine leukosis virus in a dairy herd
Authors: DiGiacomo Ronald F. , Studer Erich , Evermann James F. , Evered Joy 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Transmission of bovine leukosis virus (blv) by embryo transfer was investigated in a large commercial Holstein herd. One hundred and sixteen calves, transplanted as embryos from blv-positive cows into blv-negative heifers, were serologically negative, as were recipients, whereas 5 of 29 (17%) calves transplanted as embryos into blv-positive recipients were infected with blv, as evidenced by antibodies in the agar gel immunodiffusion test.