bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LC–ESI‐MS/MS analysis for the quantification of morphine, codeine, morphine‐3‐β‐D‐glucuronide, morphine‐6‐β‐D‐glucuronide, and codeine‐6‐β‐D‐glucuronide in human urine J. Mass Spectrom. 2005; 40: 1412–1416
Authors: Murphy Constance M. , Huestis Marilyn A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of Mass Spectrometry
40, 2005, 1412–1416. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Mean‐Square End‐to‐End Distance and Characteristic Ratio of Polyvinylene (Polyacetylene) Chains of Various Configurations
Authors: Vohlídal Jiří 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: Closed‐form analytical expressions are derived for the mean‐square end‐to‐end distance of unperturbed polyvinylene chains of various configurational structure with freely rotating main‐chain single bonds. In particular, expressions are derived for (i) stereoregular chains: all‐trans, all‐cis and cis‐trans alternating; (ii) atactic cis‐trans chains with a Bernoullian distribution of cis and trans units along the chain and various content of trans units, (iii) regularly segmented cis‐trans chains [–cisy–transy–]n and (iv) diblock chains cisx–transy. The conformation factor is determined for several atactic polyvinylenes for which the unperturbed dimensions are available in the literature.
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Optical, Electrochemical, Magnetic, and Conductive Properties of New Polyindolocarbazoles and Polydiindolocarbazoles
Authors: Blouin Nicolas , Michaud Alexandre , Wakim Salem , Boudreault Pierre‐Luc T. , Leclerc Mario , Vercelli Barbara , Zecchin Sandro , Zotti Gianni 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: New polyindolocarbazoles (PIC) and polydiindolocarbazoles (PDIC) have been synthesized using Yamamoto polymerization reaction. These polymers have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroelectrochemistry, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, in situ electron spin resonance, and in situ conductivity techniques. Two redox oxidation processes, each involving one electron per repeat unit, produce radical cations (free or π‐dimerized) and dications. Each one‐electron redox process is generally split into two due to the stabilization of mixed‐valence states. The oxidative charge is delocalized over the polyconjugated backbone with neutral‐polaron conductivities in the range 0.002–0.04 S · cm−1 and polaron‐bipolaron conductivities in the range 0.04–0.5 S · cm−1. Conductivities are higher when nitrogen atoms are involved in the conjugation pathway.Structure of P3IC, P3DIC, P2IC, and P2DIC.magnified imageStructure of P3IC, P3DIC, P2IC, and P2DIC.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Micelles with a Cross‐Linked Poly(acrylic acid) Core
Authors: Zheng Genhua , Zheng Quan , Pan Caiyuan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: Stable micelles with polystyrene (PS) as a shell and cross‐linked poly[(acrylic acid)‐co‐(ethylene glycol diacrylate)] as a core have been successfully prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of acrylic acid and ethylene glycol diacrylate in a selective solvent with PS‐SC(S)Ph as a RAFT agent. For the preparation of stable micelles, the RAFT polymerizations are carried out in different solvents: benzene, cyclohexane, and mixtures of tetrahydrofuran and cyclohexane. The monomer/PS‐SC(S)Ph molar ratio and molecular weight of the macro‐RAFT agent, PS‐SC(S)Ph, influence the RAFT polymerization and the formation of micelles.Block copolymerization in selective solvent with the RAFT agent.magnified imageBlock copolymerization in selective solvent with the RAFT agent.
Optical, Electrochemical, Magnetic, and Conductive Properties of New Poly(indolocarbazole‐alt‐bithiophene)s
Authors: Blouin Nicolas , Leclerc Mario , Vercelli Barbara , Zecchin Sandro , Zotti Gianni 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: New alternating copolymers based on indolocarbazole (IC), both two‐ and three‐coupled, and bithiophene (BT) or bis(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (BiEDOT), were obtained using Stille or Suzuki coupling reactions. Those copolymers have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, in situ electron spin resonance, in situ conductivity, and UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroelectrochemistry techniques. All polymer films undergo reversible oxidation processes. One to three isoelectronic oxidation processes, involving one electron per repeat unit, produce radical cations, dications, and radical trications. The oxidative charge is localized in the IC moiety for BT copolymers or over the whole polyconjugated backbone for BiEDOT copolymers. Redox neutral‐polaron conductivities are in the range of 0.02–0.1 S · cm−1 and polaron‐bipolaron conductivities in the range of 0.1–0.7 S · cm−1.Chemical structure of the PIC derivatives.magnified imageChemical structure of the PIC derivatives.
Transcriptionally mediated inhibition of telomerase of fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma tsugae in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Liao Chien‐Huang , Hsiao Yi‐Min , Hsu Chung‐Ping , Lin Meei‐Yn , Wang James Chun‐Huan , Huang Yu‐Lu , Ko Jiunn‐Liang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTelomerase expression is the hallmark of tumor cells, and activation of this ribonucleoprotein complex may be a rate‐limiting or critical step in cellular immortalization and oncogenesis. Fungal immunomodulatory protein, FIP‐gts, has been isolated from Ganoderma tsugae. In the present study, we expressed and purified the recombinant fungal immunomodulatory protein reFIP‐gts in E. coli. We found that reFIP‐gts significantly and selectively inhibits the growth of A549 cancer cells while not affecting the growth of normal MRC‐5 fibroblasts. The reFIP‐gts suppression of telomerase activity is concentration‐dependent, due to the downregulation of the telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT). It also happens at the mRNA level. These results were confirmed by transient transfections of A549 cells with pGL3‐Basic plasmid constructs containing the functional hTERT promoter and its E‐box‐deleted sequences cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene. With electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Western blotting, we demonstrated that in response to reFIP‐gts, binding of c‐myc transcriptional factor to the E‐box sequence on the hTERT promoter is inhibited. These results show that reFIP‐gts suppresses telomerase activity and inhibits transcriptional regulation of hTERT via a c‐myc‐responsive element‐dependent mechanism. Our findings provide new insight into both the anticancer function of reFIP‐gts and the regulation of hTERT/telomerase expression, which may be valuable in the development of a promising chemopreventive agent. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibitory effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate‐induced inflammation and arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears
Authors: Huang Mou‐Tuan , Liu Yue , Ramji Divya , Lo Chih‐Yu , Ghai Geetha , Dushenkov Slavik , Ho Chi‐Tang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTea has been shown to possess several health beneficial properties primarily due to its polyphenolic content. The major polyphenolic compounds in black tea leaves are theaflavins (TFs) formed by oxidative coupling of catechins in tea leaves during its processing. In this paper, we report the characterization of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced mouse ear inflammatory model and the inhibitory effects of major black tea TFs derivatives on this inflammation. In addition, the effect on inflammatory biomarkers, such as proinflammatory cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites, are reported as well. A single topical application of TPA to ears of CD‐1 mice induced a time‐ and dose‐dependent increase in edema as well as formation of proinflammatory cytokine proteins interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in mouse ears. A single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF, theaflavin‐3‐gallate, theaflavin‐3′‐gallate, and theaflavin‐3,3′‐digallate) strongly inhibited TPA‐induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4 days inhibited TPA‐induced persistent inflammation, as well as TPA‐induced increase in IL‐1β and IL‐6 protein levels. TFs also inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase pathways. This observation was substantiated by decreased amounts of AA metabolites prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels. Combined application of TF and sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug resulted a significant synergetic anti‐inflammatory effect. Oral administration of TFs or the hot water extract of black tea leaves also significantly inhibited TPA‐induced edema in mouse ears. In conclusion, proinflammatory cytokines, IL‐1β and IL‐6, as well as the intermediated metabolites of AA, PGE2, and LTB4 are good biomarkers for inflammation. Black tea constituents, TF and its derivatives, had strongly anti‐inflammatory activity in vivo which may be due to their ability to inhibit AA metabolism via lipoxygenase and COX pathways.
Mechanisms of hypolipidemic and anti‐obesity effects of tea and tea polyphenols
Authors: Lin Jen‐Kun , Lin‐Shiau Shoei‐Yn 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAmong the health‐promoting effects of tea and tea polyphenols, the cancer‐chemopreventive effects in various animal model systems have been intensively investigated; meanwhile, the hypolipidemic and antiobesity effects in animals and humans have also become a hot issue for molecular nutrition and food research. It has been demonstrated that the body weights of rats and their plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL‐cholesterol have been significantly reduced by feedings of oolong, black, pu‐erh, and green tea leaves to the animals. It has been suggested that the inhibition of growth and suppression of lipogenesis in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells may be through down‐regulation of fatty acid synthase gene expression in the nucleus and stimulation of cell energy expenditure in the mitochondria. The experimental data indicated that the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid synthase gene suppression by tea polyphenols (EGCG, theaflavins) may invite down‐regulation of EGFR/PI3K/Akt/Sp‐1 signal transduction pathways.
Turboprop: Improved PROPELLER imaging
Authors: Pipe James G. , Zwart Nicholas 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA variant of periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) MRI, called turboprop, is introduced. This method employs an oscillating readout gradient during each spin echo of the echo train to collect more lines of data per echo train, which reduces the minimum scan time, motion‐related artifact, and specific absorption rate (SAR) while increasing sampling efficiency. It can be applied to conventional fast spin‐echo (FSE) imaging; however, this article emphasizes its application in diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). The method is described and compared with conventional PROPELLER imaging, and clinical images collected with this PROPELLER variant are shown. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time imaging of regional myocardial function using fast‐SENC
Authors: Pan Li , Stuber Matthias , Kraitchman Dara L. , Fritzges Danielle L. , Gilson Wesley D. , Osman Nael F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA technique for fast imaging of regional myocardial function using a spiral acquisition in combination with strain‐encoded (SENC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented in this paper. This technique, which is termed fast‐SENC, enables scan durations as short as a single heartbeat. A reduced field of view (FOV) without foldover artifacts was achieved by localized SENC, which selectively excited the region around the heart. The two images required for SENC imaging (low‐ and high‐tuning) were acquired in an interleaved fashion throughout the cardiac cycle to further shorten the scan time. Regional circumferential contraction and longitudinal shortening of both the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) were examined in long‐ and short‐axis views, respectively. The in vivo results obtained from five human subjects and five infarcted dogs are presented. The results of the fast‐SENC technique in a single heartbeat acquisition were comparable to those obtained by conventional SENC in a long acquisition time. Therefore, fast‐SENC may prove useful for imaging during stress or arrhythmia. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coil setup optimization for 2D‐SENSE whole‐heart coronary imaging
Authors: Buehrer Martin , Huber Michael E. , Wiesinger Florian , Boesiger Peter , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAccelerated “whole‐heart” coronary imaging with sensitivity encoding applied in both phase encoding directions (2D‐SENSE) was investigated. In order to maximize the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), coil configuration optimization was performed. To this end, 10 practical coil configurations each consisting of six standard coil elements were investigated and the local SNR was assessed by means of phantom experiments. Based on the experimental data, a symmetric configuration was found to yield the highest SNR. In a volunteer study, 2D‐SENSE coronary images were obtained with total reduction factors of 3 and 4. Excellent depiction of the right and left coronary systems was possible in all cases. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of bladder dysfunction in Parkinsons disease
Authors: Winge Kristian , Skau Anne‐Marie , Stimpel Hans , Nielsen Kurt K. , Werdelin Lene 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Parkinsons disease (PD) is reported as 27%–39% based on validated questionnaires which do not consider the degree of bother. To estimate the prevalence of LUTS in patients with PD, the severity of symptoms, the volume of postmicturitional urine, and to estimate differences compared to non‐PD patients referred for urological evaluation.MethodsOne hundred seven patients with PD were evaluated using two sets of validated questionnaires (Dan‐PSS and IPSS) about LUTS; postmicturitional residual urine was recorded, and compared to 61 patients without PD presenting at an urological clinic for examination.ResultsBothersome LUTS measured using Dan‐PSS scores correlated significantly with Hoehn and Yahr stage of disease (P = 0.02), but not with duration of disease or age. IPSS scores did not correlate to stage of disease, duration of disease or age. Two arbitrary cut‐offs were applied, identifying patients with significant LUTS, Dan‐PSS > 10 and IPSS > 10. There were no significant differences between the age or duration of disease of patients with and without significant LUTS. The most frequent symptom was nocturia (IPSS: 86%) followed by frequency (IPSS: 71%) and urgency (IPSS: 68%). The most frequently reported bothersome bladder symptom was urgency (Dan‐PSS: 61%), followed by nocturia (Dan‐PSS: 50%) and urge incontinence (Dan‐PSS: 44%). The prevalence of bothersome frequency is low (Dan‐PSS: 37%). The postmicturitional volumes (PMV) did not correlate to stage of disease, duration of disease or age, or to scores on questionnaires. Mean PMV was 34 ml. Seven patients (6%) with PD had a PMV larger then 100 ml.DiscussionThe prevalence of severe LUTS was similar with other studies, but the correlation between Dan‐PSS and stage of disease, and not IPSS indicates that despite seeing no increase in frequency and severity of LUTS as PD progresses, patients find symptoms more bothersome. This may be due to progression in gait difficulties or a decreasing ability to separate and integrate sensory input, or both. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic processes for successful, sustainable practice development
Authors: Barrett Catherine , Angel Jenni , Gilbert Mary , Bouras Christina , Thompson Kerryn , Singleton Elizabeth 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDespite reports that a systematic approach to practice development is desirable, few practice developers describe the application of a systematic process. In the present study a practice development programme was implemented with limited systematic supports. At a mid‐programme review it became apparent that these supports needed to be consolidated to ensure programme success and sustainability. In this paper we describe how the need for a systematic approach was identified, what strategies were implemented and their effects. Additionally we reflect on how, as a result of these actions, we came to rethink how we defined and valued systematic processes. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Developing a vision for teamwork
Authors: Wilson Valerie 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of one component of a research study focusing on the implementation and evaluation of emancipatory practice development strategies in a special care nursery. The aim of this phase of the study was to reflect critically on the differences that existed within the team in order to create a vision for how team members wished to work together. Findings from a previous study of the culture of the unit were used to illustrate the tensions that existed between differing values and beliefs about teamwork and the resultant effects this had on teamwork in the unit. Staff indicated a desire to develop effective teamwork within the unit in order to improve the delivery of patient care. A seven step approach was used beginning with a values clarification activity and ending with a shared vision for working together and formation of teamwork statements. Doing the groundwork on teamwork has enabled the members of the ‘team’ to move forward. They are now happier in their workplace environment and more willing to reflect on their clinical practice thereby enabling changes in practice to occur. Cultivating a shared vision to underpin the cultural development of the special care nursery team was an essential step in the overall strategy of improving patient care. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Ethnic differences in population approach and experience regarding complementary‐alternative medicine (CAM)
Authors: Krivoy Norberto , Habib Manhal , Azzam Zaher S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this survey was to characterize one urban Arab population who turns to complementary‐alternative medicine (CAM).MethodsOutpatient participants were selected randomly by their ethnical affiliation. The questionnaire was filled during patient visit to their assigned urban outpatient clinic. The answers to the first two questions determined whether the questionnaire was to be completed or not (if at least one answer was Yes, the questionnaire was completed).ResultsMore males (19%) seek for CAM in the Arab group in comparison to more females in the Jewish population (27%). Fifteen per cent and 7% of the individuals in the Jewish and Arab groups who used CAM have academic education. Fifty‐two per cent and 27% of the Jewish and Arab populations declared themselves seculars, 72% of the Arab individuals declared to be traditionalists‐religious‐orthodox in their believes in comparison to 47% in the Jewish population. Twenty‐eight per cent and 0% in the Jewish and Arab populations, respectively, preferred a conventional doctor (MD) in CAM practice. More than 30% in both populations preferred CAM to be delivered in medical and nursing schools.ConclusionsForty per cent and 31% in the Jewish and Arab groups experienced complementary medicine intervention at least once. When comparing people who used complementary medicine to those who did not, it is observed that the percentage of individuals holding academic degrees in the Jewish group is higher than in the Arab interviewed in the group utilizing complementary medicine. Traditionalist‐religious‐orthodox individuals seek more complementary medicine in the Arab population (72%) in comparison to 47% in the Jewish individuals. Only 17% of the Arab individuals and 19% in the Jewish group knew about the adverse reactions caused by CAM therapies. More than 30% in both ethnic groups were in favor of ‘legalizing’ complementary medicine. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystallization behaviour of cellulose acetate butylate/poly(butylene succinate)‐co‐(butylene carbonate) blends
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hwan , Wang Siqun 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe kinetics of the isothermal crystallization process from the melt of pure poly(butylene succinate)‐co‐(butylene carbonate) (PBS‐co‐BC) and its blends with cellulose acetate butylate (CAB) (10–30 wt%) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the well‐known Avrami equation. In the blends, the overall crystallization rate of PBS‐co‐BC became slower with increasing CAB content. The equilibrium melting temperature ($T_{\rm {m}}^{\rm {eq}}$) of PBS‐co‐BC decreased with increasing CAB content, which was similar to that with other miscible crystalline/amorphous polymer blends. The slower crystallization kinetics of PBS‐co‐BC in the blends was explicable in terms of a diluent effect of the CAB component. By application of Turnbull–Fisher kinetic theory for polymer–diluent blend systems, the surface free energy (σe) of pure PBS‐co‐BC and of the blends was obtained, indicating that the blend with CAB resulted in a decrease in the surface free energy of folding of PBS‐co‐BC lamellar crystals. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamical and structural behavior of hydroxyethylcellulose hydrogels obtained by chemical gelation
Authors: Maleki Atoosa , Kjøniksen Anna‐Lena , Knudsen Kenneth D , Nyström Bo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRheological, dynamical, de‐swelling, turbidity, and structural features during gelation with a chemical cross‐linking agent of semi‐dilute aqueous solutions of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) were investigated at different cross‐linker concentrations. A higher level of cross‐linker leads to faster gelation and stronger incipient hydrogel. The rheological results favor the percolation model. The cross‐linking reaction proceeds over a long time in the post‐gel region, and this produces gels with a solid‐like response. Dynamic light‐scattering experiments reveal a fast and a slow relaxation mode. The slow relaxation time increases and the sample becomes more heterogeneous in the course of gelation. In the post‐gel region, the gels shrink during a long period of time and this phenomenon is accompanied by strong turbidity enhancement. Small‐angle neutron scattering results from samples quenched at a certain stage in the post‐gel regime disclose growth of heterogeneity in the gel with increasing level of cross‐linker addition. At smaller length scales, no effect of cross‐linker addition could be detected on the structural organization, and scattered intensity in this domain suggests that the HEC chains are locally stretched. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry