bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a programme of group visits and computer‐assisted consultations in the treatment of adolescents with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Graue M. , Wentzel‐Larsen T. , Hanestad B. R. , Søvik O. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAim To examine the effects of group visits and computer‐assisted consultations on quality of life and glycaemic control in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.Methods A total of 116 adolescents, aged 11–17 years, and their parents were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 62) or a control group (n = 54). The intervention group was invited to a 15‐month programme comprising group visits and computer‐assisted consultations. The control group was offered traditional out‐patient consultations. Outcomes included changes in HbA1cand the adolescents’ assessment of generic and disease‐specific health‐related quality of life measured by the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ‐CF87) and the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQOL), respectively.Results One hundred and one adolescents (55/46) agreed to participate, mean age 14.2 years (sd1.5), mean diabetes duration 6.5 years (sd3.6, range 1–16 years), mean HbA1c9.3% (sd1.4, range 6.1–12.8%). Eighty‐three (72%) completed the questionnaires at follow‐up (intervention/control 45/38). There were significant age by randomization group interactions for diabetes‐related impact (P = 0.018), diabetes‐related worries (P = 0.004), mental health (P = 0.046) and general behaviour (P = 0.029), implying that the intervention was effective in older adolescents (above 13–14 years). No significant effects on mean HbA1cwere identified.Conclusions Group visits and computer‐assisted consultations had beneficial effects on health‐related quality of life in older adolescents, the role of this intervention being questionable in younger adolescents.
Does parity increase insulin resistance during pregnancy?
Authors: Seghieri G. , De Bellis A. , Anichini R. , Alviggi L. , Franconi F. , Breschi M. C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAims  To study the effect of parity on impairment of insulin sensitivity during pregnancy and on the risk of gestational diabetes (GDM).Methods  We studied the relationship between parity and peripheral insulin sensitivity index (ISIOGTT) or GDM in 1880 caucasian women, who underwent a 100‐g, 3‐h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between the 24th and 28th gestational week and in 75 women who underwent an OGTT in two consecutive pregnancies. A proxy for β‐cell function (basal plasma C peptide/fasting plasma glucose; CP/FPG) was also measured.Results  By univariate analysis parity was related to decreased ISIOGTT and to increased CP/FPG in those with parity > 3 and likewise GDM, diagnosed in 124 women (6.58%), was linearly related to parity (P = 0.0034) and strongly age dependent. The relationships between parity and ISIOGTT, CP/FPG and GDM were no longer significant after adjustment for age, pregestational body mass index (BMI), and weight gain. GDM was significantly related to age and pregestational weight, while ISIOGTT and CP/FPG were inversely related to prepregnancy BMI or weight gain. In comparison with the index pregnancy, the subsequent pregnancy was characterized by an increase in actual and prepregnancy BMI, in 2 h area under curve (AUC) glucose and by a decrease in ISIOGTT (P = 0.0001). The longer the time interval between pregnancies and the higher the increment in pregestational BMI or in weight gain during the pregnancy, the greater were the ISIOGTT decrease and 2‐h AUC glucose increase.Conclusions  Parity is not directly linked to insulin sensitivity deterioration, to CP/FPG increase during pregnancy, or to GDM appearance, although it is linked through the mediation of progressive ageing and weight gain either before or during pregnancy, when there is a sufficiently long time interval between pregnancies.
Immigrants in emergency care: Swedish health care staff's experiences
Authors: Hultsjö S. , Hjelm K. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  During the past few decades Sweden has developed into a multicultural society. The proportion of patients with different cultural backgrounds increases, which naturally makes new demands on health care staff.Aim:  To identify whether staff in somatic and psychiatric emergency care experienced problems in the care of migrants, and if so to compare these.Method:  The study design was explorative. Focus group interviews of 22 women and 13 men working as nurses and assistant nurses at an emergency ward, an ambulance service and a psychiatric intensive care unit were held.Findings:  The results showed that the main problems experienced in all wards were difficulties related to caring for asylum‐seeking refugees. Some dissimilarities were revealed: unexpected behaviours in migrants related to cultural differences described by staff working in the emergency ward; migrants’ refusal to eat and drink and their inactive behaviour in the psychiatric ward; and a lot of non‐emergency runs by the ambulance staff because of language barriers between the emergency services centre and migrants.Conclusion:  The main problems experienced by the health care staff were situations in which they were confronted with the need to care for asylum‐seeking refugees.Practice implications:  These emphasize the importance of support from organizational structures and national policies to develop models for caring for asylum‐seeking refugees. Simple routines and facilities to communicate with foreign‐language‐speaking migrants need to be developed. Health care staff need a deeper understanding of individual needs in the light of migrational and cultural background.
Overcoming strangeness and communication barriers: a phenomenological study of becoming a foreign nurse
Authors: Magnusdottir H. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  This paper presents a study that explored the lived experience of foreign nurses working at hospitals in Iceland.Aim:  The aim was to generate an understanding of this experience both for local and international purposes.Method:  The methodology that guided the study was the Vancouver school of doing phenomenology. Sampling was purposeful and consisted of 11 registered nurse from seven countries. The data were collected in dialogues; the analyses were thematic.Findings:  The findings are presented in five main themes that describe the essence of the experience with the overall theme of ‘Growing through experiencing strangeness and communication barriers’. The first theme portrays how the nurses met and tackled the multiple initial challenges. One of the challenges, described in the second theme, was becoming outsiders and needing to be let in. The third theme explores the language barrier the nurses encountered and the fourth theme the different work culture. The fifth then illuminates how the nurses finally overcame these challenges and won through.Conclusion:  The findings and their international context suggest the importance of language for personal and professional well‐being and how language and culture are inseparable entities.
Introduction and development of NCP using ICNP® in Pakistan
Authors: Rukanuddin R. J. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Traditionally, nursing care has been described as performing nursing tasks and often focused on nurses carrying out doctors’ orders. In many countries of the world, including Pakistan, nurses do not document care in a standardized manner. Because of this limitation many health administrators, policy makers, and consumers make inadequate assumptions about nursing work, often regarding nurses as any other ‘health care technician’ who can be easily replaced by more economical health care workers.Purpose:  To overcome this problem, standardized documentation is being introduced into the Aga Khan University School of Nursing and hospital, Aga Khan Health Services, Public Health School in Karachi, and government colleges of nursing, using the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®). The purpose of this paper is to highlight the process of introducing and developing standardized nursing care plans (NCP) using ICNP® in Pakistan.Process:  The process for introducing ICNP® consists of four components, including administrative planning, development, teaching and training, and testing. Subsets of the ICNP® for (i) maternity: antenatal, postnatal and natal care; and (ii) cardiology were developed using standardized NCPs. The subsets were developed by nurse experts and introduced at the testing sites. The testing will be conducted as a pilot project. Findings from the pilot will be used to continue and expand standardized nursing documentation using the ICNP® across Pakistan.Conclusion:  Through this project, nurses, midwives and lady health visitors (midwives, vaccinator and health educators) will test standardization of documentation and begin to evaluate efficiency and effectiveness of clinical practice.
Applying ICF in nursing practice: classifying elements of nursing diagnoses
Authors: Heinen M. M. , Van Achterberg T. , Roodbol G. , Frederiks C. M. A. 
Published: October 2005

Aim:  This study explores the relevance of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to nursing diagnoses.Background:  As a multidisciplinary classification of human functioning, the ICF (previously known as ICIDH‐2) is potentially relevant to nursing care. However, nurses have rarely used the classification during the 23 years of its existence.Method:  In part 1 of the study, 51 nursing diagnoses from anonymous patients were deliberately selected for diversity from an existing database. The 427 diagnostic elements from these diagnoses (problem statements, aetiological factors, signs and symptoms) were classified, using the ICF, by a panel of six nurses. In part 2 of the study, the panel classified 223 elements from 30 diagnoses of patients they had actually cared for.Results:  Nearly all diagnostic elements could be classified, most often in the sub‐dimensions of body functions and activities. Agreement on appropriate ICF components was 61% for anonymous patients and 75% for familiar patients. Agreement at the more detailed 3‐digit level of the classification was 42% for anonymous and 60% for familiar patients.Conclusion:  The ICF has relevance to nursing care. As a general classification, it was not designed by nurses or specifically for nursing care. This can explain some difficulties in using the classification that were identified in this study, as well as the rather low levels of agreement. To resolve these issues and to further improve the classification, nurses should further explore the use of the ICF and participate in future revision processes.
Nursing research with refugee clients: a call for more qualitative approaches
Authors: Halabi J. O. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Nursing research with refugee populations, who lack an understanding of the importance of research, presents unique challenges. These challenges include bureaucratic requirements for gaining permission for research, navigating through camps, identifying potential participants, gaining acceptance, building rapport and trust, maintaining privacy, and respecting participants’ status in the camp. Few studies exist regarding Palestinian refugees, with no reported studies that address nursing or healthcare, especially in Jordan.Findings:  Quantitative research, which often requires participants who read and write, may be ineffective with long‐term refugee populations. Additionally, many research tools are not culturally valid. Consequently, refugees, many of whom are illiterate, are largely unstudied.Recommendations:  Qualitative approaches, such as interviewing and observation, allow participants to describe their healthcare concerns, and their management of them. Rapport and trust can then enable the researcher to provide interventions and education.
A Sledgehammer to Crack a Nut: Deportation, Detention and Dispersal in Europe
Authors: Schuster Liza 
Published: October 2005

Abstract Since the increase in the numbers of asylum‐seekers arriving in Europe in the early 1990s, European countries of asylum have been implementing new and increased controls over entry and making conditions more difficult for asylum‐seekers while they are waiting for a decision on their case. This paper explores the ways in which four European asylum regimes use the deportation, detention and dispersal of asylum‐seekers in an attempt to control and exclude them from national societies and territories. Germany, France, Italy and the UK have different migration histories and have introduced different asylum policies at different times; but all have in common the increasingly draconian response to asylum‐seekers since the 1990s. The paper looks at the stated rationale for introducing and extending dispersal, deportation and detention. EU governments have introduced these measures, arguing that they will deter “fraudulent” asylum claims. While the number of claims has fallen in the last five years to the lowest level since 1988, there is no evidence that this is due to such policies. It is clear, however, that these policies penalize all asylum‐seekers, breach their human rights, damage the receiving societies as a whole, and as such should be abandoned.
Governance, Forced Migration and Welfare
Authors: Dwyer Peter 
Published: October 2005

Abstract This paper explores the welfare of forced migrants (i.e. refugees, asylum‐seekers, those with humanitarian leave to remain, and “failed asylum‐seekers/overstayers”) at three linked levels. First, it considers the governance of forced migrants at a supranational (in this case European Union) level. Second, particularly, but not exclusively in the context of the UK, it considers the extent to which the welfare rights of forced migrants in EU member states have been subject to a process of “hollowing out” or “dispersal”. Third, utilizing data from a recently completed qualitative research project, the paper outlines the complex local systems of governance that exist in relation to the housing and social security rights of forced migrants in the UK. The consequences of these networks are highlighted.
When the Export of Social Problems Is No Longer Possible: Immigration Policies and Unemployment in Switzerland
Authors: Afonso Alexandre 
Published: October 2005

Abstract Throughout the twentieth century, Switzerland has been one of the OECD countries with the highest proportion of immigrants in its population. The aim of this article is to show how institutional factors have shaped the opportunities for change in immigration and immigrant‐employment‐related policies there in the 1990s. Whereas unemployment had remained low in the 1970s and 1980s, there was a marked increase at the beginning of the 1990s. Existing migration policies were considered a central cause of this increase, since the great majority of foreigners who had come and settled in Switzerland in the periods of economic expansion were low‐skilled, and were now over‐represented among the unemployed. The reforms undertaken in the field of immigration and integration policy to respond to these new problems have been determined by specific institutional factors: direct democracy, a defensive migration regime, the development of immigrant rights and the weak autonomy of the central state. These factors account to a large extent for the limited scope and specific pathways of policy reforms in these two domains.
THEANATOLIAN TRADE NETWORKAND THE IZMIR REGION DURING THE EARLY BRONZE AGE
Authors: ŞAHOĞLU VASIF 
Published: October 2005

Summary. The monumental Early Bronze Age settlement at Liman Tepe (Levels VI–IV) (predecessor of the classical site of Klazomenai), on the southern shore of the Gulf of Izmir, is a good indication of the emergence of settlements with centralised organisation on the west coast of Anatolia. Similar developments can also be followed in Troy at the northernmost limit of the western coastline, on the islands of the north and east Aegean, and at the inland site of Küllüoba in north‐west Anatolia. Over a much wider geographical area, extending from south‐eastern Anatolia via central and western Anatolia, the islands of the east Aegean, the Cyclades, and mainland Greece, a distinctive set of cultural features emerged at the end of Early Bronze Age II. An explanation of the cultural changes taking place along the west Anatolian coastline at this time should thus be sought in the perspective of this wider sphere. These features can be summarised as follows:organised settlement structures indicating the presence of a central authority;monumental fortification systems;large settlements with citadels and lower towns;first introduction of wheel‐made pottery (mass production);first appearance of certain new pottery shapes such as depas, tankard, two‐handled cup, wheel‐made plate, incised pyxis, cutaway‐spouted jug and ‘Syrian bottles’;first examples of tin bronzes.These cultural changes, appearing suddenly in a wide geographical range at approximately the same time, can only be explained by the presence of wide international contacts. The character and the nature of these relations are becoming clearer as recent excavations yield new information. This paper aims to shed new light on the nature of the Anatolian Trade Network (ATN) period in the light of new archaeological data from Liman Tepe and Bakla Tepe located on the west Anatolian coastline. The importance of the Izmir region as a bridge between the land trade routes of Anatolia and the sea trade routes of the Aegean and various effects of this unique location on the region's cultural development are discussed.
Simultaneous occurrence of linear scleroderma and homolateral segmental vitiligo
Authors: Bonifati C , Impara G , Morrone A , Pietrangeli A , Carducci M 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLocalized scleroderma and vitiligo only rarely have been reported to occur simultaneously. Here we report a case of a 21 year old man affected with both linear scleroderma of the left upper limb and homolateral segmental vitiligo of the trunk. Since the two diseases appeared during the same period, involved the same side of the body and their progression paralleled, a possible non‐coincidental association between these two diseases is discussed.
Successful treatment of severe recalcitrant erosive oral lichen planus with topical tacrolimus
Authors: Shichinohe R , Shibaki A , Nishie W , Tateishi Y , Shimizu H 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOral lichen planus (LP) is a severe, painful form of LP, and is often resistant to topical corticosteroid therapy. Recently, open trials demonstrated that topical tacrolimus therapy was effective for the treatment of chronic erosive oral LP. We report two cases with severe recalcitrant erosive oral LP, who dramatically benefited from topical tacrolimus therapy. In case 1, a 64‐year‐old man presented with a 5‐month history of painful erosions on his entire lower lip and buccal mucosa. Physical and histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of LP. He experienced rapid relief from pain and a dramatic improvement was obtained within 5 weeks of topical tacrolimus treatment. No significant irritation was observed and blood tacrolimus level was kept within a safe level (2.5 ng/mL). In case 2, a 68‐year‐old man developed painful erosions on his right lower lip and buccal mucosa 2 months before his arrival at our hospital. Histopathological analysis confirmed a diagnosis of oral LP. He experienced a rapid dramatic improvement of both lesions within 4 weeks of the start of tacrolimus application. No significant irritation or recurrence was observed. Thus, topical tacrolimus is suggested as a well‐tolerated, effective therapy for oral LP.
Isolation of nine microsatellite loci in Dolichogenidea homoeosomae (Hymenoptera) a parasitoid of the sunflower moth Homoeosoma electellum (Lepidoptera)
Authors: DOUHOVNIKOFF VLADIMIR , NERNEY CATERINA , RODERICK GEORGE K. , NEWTON CRAIG H. , WELTER STEPHEN C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNine microsatellite loci were isolated from the insect Dolichogenidea homoeosomae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an important parasitoid of the sunflower moth Homosoeosoma electellum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and assayed for polymorphism. All nine loci were polymorphic within the five populations tested, with two to 14 alleles per locus. Expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.39 to 0.90 and 0.25 to 0.72 respectively. These are the first microsatellite primers developed for D. homeosomae and will be useful for studies of population dynamics and connectivity.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Suillus luteus
Authors: MULLER LUDO A. H. , LAMBAERTS MARC , VANGRONSVELD JACO , COLPAERT JAN V. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractEight microsatellite loci were isolated from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Suillus luteus using a dual‐suppression‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. In a test sample of 40 isolates, the total number of alleles per locus and the expected heterozygosities ranged from five to 16 and from 0.532 to 0.811, respectively. These highly polymorphic markers allow an accurate description of the genetic diversity and structure of S. luteus populations.
Genotyping of pantophysin I (Pan I) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) by allele‐specific PCR
Authors: STENVIK JØRGEN , WESMAJERVI METTE SERINE , DAMSGÅRD BØRGE , DELGHANDI MADJID 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe two main allelic variants of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) pantophysin I (Pan I) locus have different frequencies within different cod stocks. The Dra I polymorphism which distinguishes the two alleles can thus be used for discrimination of coastal and offshore cod populations. We present a new method for Pan I genotyping using fluorescent allele‐specific duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This method is more rapid, reliable and cost‐effective than the previously published method and it is not affected by DNA source and quality. This improvement is important for studies demanding high throughput and accuracy of Pan I genotyping
Cold hardiness of diapausing and non‐diapausing pupae of the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana
Authors: Andreadis Stefanos S. , Milonas Panagiotis G. , Savopoulou‐Soultani Mathilde 
Published: October 2005

Abstract Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a key pest of grapes in Europe. It overwinters as a pupa in the bark crevices of the plant. Supercooling point (SCP) and low temperature survival was investigated in the laboratory and was determined using a cool bath and a 1 °C min−1 cooling rate. Freezing was fatal both to diapausing and non‐diapausing pupae. SCP was significantly lower in diapausing male (−24.8 °C) and female (−24.5 °C) pupae than in non‐diapausing ones (−22.7 and −22.5 °C, respectively). Sex had no influence on SCP both for diapausing and non‐diapausing pupae. Supercooling was also not affected by acclimation. However, acclimation did improve survival of diapausing pupae at temperatures above the SCP. Survival increased as acclimation period increased and the influence was more profound at the lower temperatures examined. Diapausing pupae could withstand lower temperatures than non‐diapausing ones and lethal temperature was significantly lower than for non‐diapausing pupae. Freezing injury above the SCP has been well documented for both physiological stages of L. botrana pupae. Our findings suggest a diapause‐related cold hardiness for L. botrana and given its cold hardiness ability, winter mortality due to low temperatures is not expected to occur, especially in southern Europe.