bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the length of mental health instruments through structurally incomplete designs
Authors: Smits Niels , Cuijpers Pim , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Smit Johannes H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper presents structurally incomplete designs as an approach to reduce the length of mental health tests. In structurally incomplete test designs, respondents only fill out a subset of the total item set. The scores on the unadministered items are estimated using methods for missing data. As an illustration, structurally incomplete test designs recording, respectively, two thirds, one half, one third and one quarter of the complete item set were applied to item scores on the Centre of Epidemiological Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scale of the respondents in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). The resulting unobserved item scores were estimated with the missing data method Data Augmentation. The complete and reconstructed data yielded very similar total scores and depression classifications. In contrast, the diagnostic accuracy of the incomplete designs decreased as the designs had more unobserved item scores. The discussion addresses the strengths and limitations of the application of incomplete designs in mental health research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prophylactic antibiotics in urodynamics: A systematic review of effectiveness and safety
Authors: Latthe Pallavi M. , Foon Richard , Toozs‐Hobson Philip 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAimsTo assess the effectiveness and safety of administering prophylactic antibiotics in reducing the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) after urodynamic studies (UDS).MethodsThe CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHI, LILIACS (up to January 2007), TRIP database, The National Library for Health, the citation lists of review articles, conference abstracts (2004–2006) and hand search of reference lists to identify relevant reviews and articles. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics with placebo or nothing in reducing bacteriologically proven UTI after invasive cystometry were included. Two reviewers extracted data independently and the results were expressed as peto odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals using fixed effects model in ReV Man 4.2.8 software.ResultsEight RCTs with 995 patients were included. The majority of the patients were female. The studies were methodologically poor. The primary outcome in all but one study was newly acquired infection defined as colony count >105/ml in urine tested post UDS. On meta‐analysis, there was 40% reduction in the risk of significant bacteriuria with administration of prophylactic antibiotics (Peto odds ratio 0.39; 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.61). The antibiotics used differed in dose, type and duration. One minor skin rash and one major anaphylactic reaction requiring steroid injection therapy was reported in the treatment group. One would need to give prophylactic antibiotics to 13 individuals undergoing UDS to prevent one significant bacteriuria of unknown clinical significance.ConclusionThe use of prophylactic antibiotics in urodynamics reduces the risk of significant bacteriuria. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:167–173, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the origin of bladder sensing: Tr(i)ps in urology
Authors: Everaerts Wouter , Gevaert Thomas , Nilius Bernd , De Ridder Dirk 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe mammalian TRP family consists of 28 channels that can be subdivided into 6 different classes: TRPV (vanilloid), TRPC (canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPML (Mucolipin), and TRPA (Ankyrin). TRP channels are activated by a diversity of physical (voltage, heat, cold, mechanical stress) or chemical (pH, osmolality) stimuli and by binding of specific ligands, enabling them to act as multifunctional sensors at the cellular level. Currently, a lot of scientific research is devoted to these channels and their role in sensing mechanisms throughout the body. In urology, there's a growing conviction that disturbances in afferent (sensory) mechanisms are highly important in the pathogenesis of functional problems. Therefore, the TRP family forms an interesting new target to focus on. In this review we attempt to summarize the existing knowledge about TRP channels in the urogenital tract. So far, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPM8, and TRPA1 have been described in different parts of the urogenital tract. Although only TRPV1 (the vanilloid receptor) has been extensively studied so far, more evidence is slowly accumulating about the role of other TRP channels in the (patho)physiology of the urogenital tract. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:264–273, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of cystometric methods in female rats
Authors: Smith Phillip P. , Hurtado Eric , Smith Christopher P. , Boone Timothy B. , Somogyi George T. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAimsRat cystometry is a common model used to investigate urinary storage and voiding function. The effect of cystometric instrumentation in rat studies might be a source of deviation from normal physiologic responses. We hypothesized that transurethral catheterization would produce obstruction‐related changes, and that suprapubic catheterization would limit volume‐related functions as well as disrupt normal urothelial sensory function. We investigated the influence of transurethral and suprapubic catheterization on storage and voiding in the rat model.MethodsThree groups of female SD rats 250–300 g under urethane anesthesia were studied. Cystometric and pseudoaffective responses to physiologic voiding with and without suprapubic catheter placement, and cystometry via suprapubic and transurethral catheterization were studied.ResultsIn free‐voiding animals, per‐void volume was 1.8 ± 0.2 ml with an average flow rate of 0.18 ml/sec, and intercontraction interval (ICI) 60 min. Suprapubic catheterization decreased the ICI and per‐void volume consistent with capacity reduction. Suprapubic cystometry did not significantly alter parameters compared to voiding except for a shortened ICI. Bladder pressures and somatic responses were increased, and urine flow impaired by transurethral cystometry. Terazosin did not significantly improve voiding parameters.ConclusionsOther than volume‐related parameter changes probably related to surgical compromise of bladder capacity, suprapubic catheterization does not alter the cystometric and physiologic responses to voiding when compared to normal, uninstrumented voiding. Transurethral cystometry appears to be obstructive and may activate nociceptive reflexes. For this reason, whenever possible, urodynamic testing using the rat model should employ suprapubic catheterization. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:324–329, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FFT‐based spectral element analysis for the linear continuum dynamic systems subjected to arbitrary initial conditions by using the pseudo‐force method
Authors: Lee Usik , Cho Jooyong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a fast Fourier transform (FFT)‐based spectral element method (SEM) is developed for the linear continuum dynamic systems subjected to arbitrary, non‐null initial conditions. In the FFT‐based SEM, the original equations of motion subjected to arbitrary initial conditions are transformed into a new set of equations of motion subjected to completely null initial conditions by using the pseudo‐force method so that the conventional spectral element analysis can be applied to obtain desired dynamic responses. A simply supported beam and a cantilevered beam are considered as the illustrative problems to evaluate the FFT‐based SEM. The dynamic responses obtained by using the FFT‐based SEM are shown to be in good agreement with the analytical solutions obtained by using the mode superposition method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fully discrete nonlinear Galerkin method for the 3D Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Guermond J.‐L. , Prudhomme Serge 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is twofold: (i) We show that the Fourier‐based Nonlinear Galerkin Method (NLGM) constructs suitable weak solutions to the periodic Navier–Stokes equations in three space dimensions provided the large scale/small scale cutoff is appropriately chosen. (ii) If smoothness is assumed, NLGM always outperforms the Galerkin method by a factor equal to 1 in the convergence order of the H1‐norm for the velocity and the L2‐norm for the pressure. This is a purely linear superconvergence effect resulting from standard elliptic regularity and holds independently of the nature of the boundary conditions (whether periodicity or no‐slip BC is enforced). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Error estimates for a discontinuous Galerkin method with interior penalties applied to nonlinear Sobolev equations
Authors: Sun Tongjun , Yang Danping 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA Discontinuous Galerkin method with interior penalties is presented for nonlinear Sobolev equations. A semi‐discrete and a family of fully‐discrete time approximate schemes are formulated. These schemes are symmetric. Hp‐version error estimates are analyzed for these schemes. For the semi‐discrete time scheme a priori L∞(H1) error estimate is derived and similarly, l∞(H1) and l2(H1) for the fully‐discrete time schemes. These results indicate that spatial rates in H1 and time truncation errors in L2 are optimal. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Numerical solution of the one‐dimensional heat equation on the bounded intervals using fundamental solutions
Authors: Tatari Mehdi , Dehghan Mehdi , Razzaghi Mohsen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe present a numerical method for the solution of heat equation with sufficiently smooth initial condition, using fundamental solutions of heat equation in terms of singularities. In this work various aspects of this method such as efficiency, stability, and convergency are given and a comparison with some well‐known finite difference methods will be obtained. Numerical results are reported to support the superiority of the developed method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
A numerical method based on integro‐differential formulation for solving a one‐dimensional Stefan problem
Authors: Ang Whye‐Teong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA numerical method based on an integro‐differential formulation is proposed for solving a one‐dimensional moving boundary Stefan problem involving heat conduction in a solid with phase change. Some specific test problems are solved using the proposed method. The numerical results obtained indicate that it can give accurate solutions and may offer an interesting and viable alternative to existing numerical methods for solving the Stefan problem. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Composite spectral method for solution of the diffusion equation with specification of energy
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Ramezani Mehdi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMany physical subjects are modeled by nonclassical parabolic boundary value problems with nonlocal boundary conditions replacing the classic boundary conditions. In this article, we introduce a new numerical method for solving the one‐dimensional parabolic equation with nonlocal boundary conditions. The approximate proposed method is based upon the composite spectral functions. The properties of composite spectral functions consisting of terms of orthogonal functions are presented and are utilized to reduce the problem to some algebraic equations. The method is easy to implement and yields very accurate result. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
An empirical investigation of the link between market orientation and church performance
Authors: White Darin W. , Simas Clovis F. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Will the same marketing tools and strategies used in the for‐profit world of business work in a church environment? George Barna, America's most well recognized and respected authority on business and religion has spent the last 20 years writing over a dozen books attempting to convince church leaders to adopt a market‐oriented philosophy. Yet, to date, there has been no scientific inquiry aimed at testing this assumption. This research provides the first known scholarly study of the church sector which empirically examines the relationship between market orientation and performance. Gray et al.'s (1998) five‐dimension market orientation scale was adapted to the church sector and was found to be both valid and reliable. Using a sample of 230 church leaders from the five largest Christian denominational families in the United States, the authors found tentative evidence to suggest market orientation is correlated with improved overall church performance. Increases in market orientation were effective in garnering higher levels of visitors to the various church service offerings. However, it was also discovered that the majority of market‐oriented churches struggle to transition these visitors into long‐term, financially committed members. Finally, the results indicate that a fairly large percentage of modern churches in the U.S. have adopted a market‐oriented culture. Directions for future research, limitations of the study and managerial implications of the findings are subsequently identified and discussed.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An intellectual capital perspective of competitive advantage in nonprofit organisations
Authors: Kong Eric , Prior Daniel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractVery little systematic research has focused on applying the concept of intellectual capital (IC) within the nonprofit context; particularly in the highly competitive nonprofit environment. Based on a review of the existing literature, this paper firstly contributes to filling this gap by building an argument that IC can be utilised as a competitive tool in nonprofit organisations (NPOs). Secondly, an IC conceptual framework is proposed that explicitly links the attainment of competitive advantage with positive outcomes for NPOs. Finally, the paper discusses how the IC conceptual framework can be effectively utilised to foster competitive advantage in the nonprofit sector.Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving media campaigns promoting physical activity: the underutilized role of gender
Authors: Graham Dan J. , Graham Judy F. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

As the obesity epidemic worsens in the United States and globally, resources are increasingly being allocated to address this public health threat.
Media campaigns promoting physical activity are receiving funding from government and private sources, and some of these campaigns have achieved modest success. Still, more can be done to increase the effectiveness of these campaigns.
Drawing on facets of consumer behavior, psychology, and public policy, this work represents a cross‐disciplinary theoretical analysis suggesting that the effectiveness of media‐based campaigns promoting physical activity could be enhanced by making use of gender‐specific advertising.
Research is reviewed suggesting that gender differences in information processing styles and values lead to gender‐specific responses to media campaigns.
Recommendations are made to help practitioners improve physical activity campaigns by crafting advertisements that specifically appeal to the unique preferences of each gender.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the effectiveness of cigarette warning labels: findings from the United States and United Kingdom arms of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey
Authors: Hassan Louise M. , Shiu Edward , Thrasher James F. , Fong Geoffrey T. , Hastings Gerard 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This paper explores the effectiveness of cigarette warning labels across two countries, one (the UK) with new and stricter legislation where text based labels have been made more prominent and one (the USA) with less stringent regulation, where labels are less visible. Using longitudinal data from the two countries, the research seeks to investigate the impact of the different types of warning labels on the information processing by consumers. This paper assesses the effectiveness of warning labels in terms of: consumer attention, elaboration, contemplation on quitting and behavioural compliance. This study provides a comprehensive examination of these key factors in a fixed causal sequence. Structural equation modelling was used to test this model based on longitudinal panel survey data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Analysis of a sample of 901 US smokers and 1459 UK smokers yielded results in full support of all hypothesised relationships in the model proposed for both countries. Findings suggest that the new European Union policy of more prominent warning labels has a direct effect on influencing behavioural compliance by smokers.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensation seekers and civic participation: exploring the influence of sensation seeking and gender on intention to lead and volunteer
Authors: Wymer Walter , Self Donald , Findley Carolyn Sara (Casey) 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Approximately 1100 extreme sports participants were surveyed to identify the relationship between sensation seeking and gender on current civic participation, motivation for volunteer involvement, intention to participate in the future, and a preference for leadership.
Sensation seeking was not helpful in identifying current civic involvement. However, sensation seekers reported a significant desire to work with activist and reform‐oriented organizations.
Females reported a significantly higher level of motivation for civic participation than males as well as a greater intention to volunteer in the future.
Both male and female sensation seekers reported a preference for a leadership role.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study: Objectives, methods, population structure, response rates and initial descriptive information
Authors: Hawkins M.M. , Lancashire E.R. , Winter D.L. , Frobisher C. , Reulen R.C. , Taylor A.J. , Stevens M.C.G. , Jenney M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundIn Britain 75% of individuals diagnosed with childhood cancer survive at least 5 years. The British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study was established to determine the risks of adverse health and social outcomes among survivors. To be eligible individuals were diagnosed with childhood cancer in Britain between 1940 and 1991 and survived at least 5 years. The entire cohort of 17,981 form the basis of population‐based studies of late mortality and the risks/causes of second malignant neoplasms using national registration systems.MethodsA postal questionnaire was sent to survivors who were alive and aged at least 16 years via their primary care physician.ResultsOf the 14,836 survivors eligible to receive a questionnaire, 10,483 (71%) returned it completed. Of the 13,211 who were mailed a questionnaire by their primary care physician 10,483 (79%) returned it completed. Outline treatment information concerning initial radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery is available.ConclusionsThis is the largest available population‐based cohort of childhood cancer survivors to have included investigation of a wide spectrum of adverse outcomes (the risk of which might be increased as a result of childhood cancer or its treatment). The study should provide useful information for counselling survivors, planning long‐term clinical follow‐up and evaluating the long‐term risks likely to be associated with proposed treatment strategies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1018–1025. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corticosteroids and increased risk of readmission after acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Strouse John J. , Takemoto Clifford M. , Keefer Jeffrey R. , Kato Gregory J. , Casella James F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundAcute chest syndrome (ACS) is a frequent cause of hospitalization and mortality in children with sickle cell disease. Transfusion is often required to prevent respiratory failure and treatment with dexamethasone may reduce the length of admission and the need for transfusions. We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate risk factors for readmission and prolonged hospitalization after different treatments for ACS.ProcedureWe identified patients <22 years of age hospitalized with ACS at Johns Hopkins Hospital from January 1998 to April 2004 using the hospitals discharge database and by reviewing dictated summaries.ResultsWe identified 65 patients with 129 episodes of ACS (mean age 12.5 years, range 1.2–21.9 years). Thirty‐nine episodes were treated with corticosteroids and 51 with transfusions. Patients were readmitted within 14 days after 23 episodes (18%). Readmission was strongly associated with report of an inhaler or nebulizer at home [odds ratio (OR) 6.0, P < 0.05], diastolic BP at 48 hr (OR 1.8 per 10 mm increase, P<0.01), corticosteroids (OR 20, P < 0.005), or transfusion (OR 0.03, P < 0.05). Treatment with corticosteroids alone (P < 0.05) and older age (P < 0.001) were associated with longer hospitalization.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate a greatly elevated independent risk of readmission after ACS in children with asthma and after treatment with corticosteroids and a protective effect of transfusion. Although dexamethasone has documented efficacy for reducing the duration of ACS, the substantial risk of readmission for pain should limit its use. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1006–1012. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of raw fiber materials, fiber content, and coupling agent content on selected properties of polyethylene/wood fiber composites
Authors: Zhang S.Y. , Zhang Yaolin , Bousmina M. , Sain M. , Choi P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of raw fiber materials, fiber content, and coupling agent (CA) content on mixing torque, rheological properties, and crystallization behavior of wood plastic composites (WPC). WPCs were prepared through melt molding processes. This study adopted a response surface strategy of 20 run optimal design for three factors including wood fiber type, fiber content, and CA content. Wood fiber type or wood fiber characteristics influence equilibrium torque and viscosity. The power index n for viscosity as a function of frequency was affected not only by wood fiber content, but also by CA content and wood fiber type. Addition of wood fibers to the system as nucleating agents favors polyethylene crystallization. The values of crystallization enthalpy and melt enthalpy were correlated with wood fiber content and CA content, but they were not affected by wood fiber type. The melt temperatures of polyethylene and composites were comparable. This indicates that the crystallite structure and lamellar thickness are similar. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1678–1687, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers