bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacral neuromodulation in nursing home residents: Predictors of success and complications in a national cohort of older adults
Authors: Dreyfuss Leo D. , Nik‐Ahd Farnoosh , Wang Lufan , Shatkin‐Margolis Abigail , Covinsky Kenneth , John Boscardin W. , Suskind Anne M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsThere is limited evidence to support the efficacy of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for older adults with overactive bladder (OAB). This study aims to report outcomes following SNM among nursing home (NH) residents, a vulnerable population with high rates of frailty and comorbidity.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of long‐stay NH residents who underwent a trial of percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) or Stage 1 permanent lead placement (Stage 1) between 2014 and 2016. Residents were identified using the Minimum Data Set linked to Medicare claims. The primary outcome of this study was successful progression from trial to implant. Rates of 1‐year device explant/revisions were also investigated.ResultsTrial of SNM was observed in 1089 residents (mean age: 77.9 years). PNE was performed in 66.9% of residents and 33.2% underwent Stage 1. Of Stage 1 procedures, 23.8% were performed with simultaneous device implant (single‐stage). Overall, 53.1% of PNEs and 72.4% of Stage 1 progressed to device implant, which was associated with Stage 1 procedure versus PNE (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.34; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.21–1.49) and female versus male sex (aRR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.09–1.46). One‐year explant/revision was observed in 9.3% of residents (6.3% for PNE, 10.5% for Stage 1, 20.3% single‐stage). Single stage procedure versus PNE was significantly associated with device explant/revision (aRR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.9–6.2).ConclusionsIn this large cohort of NH residents, outcomes following SNM were similar to previous reports of younger healthier cohorts. Surgeons managing older patients with OAB should use caution when selecting patients for single stage SNM procedures.
To mesh or not mesh “apical prolapse,” that is the question!
Authors: Lin Frank C. , Gilleran Jason P. , Powell C. R. , Atiemo Humphrey O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsThe management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) involves both nonsurgical and surgical management. Views on best surgical approach for apical prolapse is an evolving field based on recent evidence and events related to transvaginal mesh.MethodsAt the 97th Annual Meeting of the North Central Section of the American Urological Association (Scottsdale, AZ, USA), this topic was discussed and debated. The following article summarizes the concepts presented that day as well as the interactive debate with three perspectives on apical prolapse surgeries. The authors were asked to support their approach in various scenarios including: extremes of age, prior hysterectomy and intact uterus, desire to avoid mesh, sexual activity, and presence of comorbidities.ResultsSurgical approaches for POP have evolved and is a popular topic for debate, particularly when discussing apical prolapse. Transvaginal native tissue repairs remain the mainstay of POP surgeries; however, transabdominal approaches continue to evolve. Use of interposition material, such as synthetic polypropylene mesh, is the standard when performing an abdominal sacrocolpopexy, however, use of autologous fascia can be considered. Small series have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of autologous fascia‐based repairs; however, larger studies with longer follow‐up are needed.ConclusionsThere are a variety of surgical strategies to repair POP. Ultimate decision making on specific surgeries should be determined by patient preference and goals after appropriate counseling on all options.
Translation and validation of the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire—Bowel in Danish men and women with pelvic floor disorders
Authors: Due Ulla , Hulbaek Mette , Majgaard Margit , Duelund‐Jakobsen Jakob , Jangö Hanna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe lack a comprehensive validated Danish questionnaire to evaluate symptoms and bother regarding anal incontinence (AI). The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Bowel (ICIQ‐B) is an internationally recommended questionnaire containing 21 items, of which 17 are scored in three subscales: bowel pattern, bowel control, and quality of life.AimsTo translate the ICIQ‐B into Danish and to validate the Danish version in pelvic floor disorder (PFD) patients with and without AI.MethodsThe ICIQ‐B was translated by a panel of healthcare professionals followed by cognitive interviews with PFD patients attending an outpatient clinic. Revisions were undertaken using an iterative process, and a backward translation was performed for the final version. Pretesting and test‐retest of the ICIQ‐B were done online and administrated together with the St. Mark's score. Content, structural, convergent and discriminant validity were assessed, followed by an evaluation of relative and absolute reliability, including the smallest real difference (SRD).ResultsThirty cognitive patient interviews were performed, resulting in three revisions. The Danish ICIQ‐B was found to be comprehensible and relevant but lacked items addressing the psychological impact of bowel problems. The ICIQ‐B was completed online by 227 PFD patients with and without AI. The structural validity of the bowel pattern subscale could not be retrieved. Patients indicating AI had significantly higher ICIQ‐B and St. Mark's scores than patients without AI, and ICIQ‐B subscale scores correlated moderately with St. Mark's scores.Internal consistency was good except for the bowel pattern subscale. Seventy‐six patients completed test‐retest. Relative reliability was excellent for subscale scores and moderate or good for single items except for the item concerning stool consistency, which was weak. The SRD was found to be 2.8 for the bowel pattern subscale, 4.3 for bowel control subscale, and 3.6 for the quality‐of‐life subscale.ConclusionThe Danish version of the ICIQ‐B can be used for Danish patients with PFD, and discriminant validity is good. The structural validity and the internal consistency of the bowel pattern subscale are questionable, indicating that some items do not represent the underlying construct. Test‐retest reliability of the ICIQ‐B is acceptable, but the change needed to reflect a real change above the measurement error in each subscale is three to four points.
Mentoring medical students as a means to increase healthcare assistant status: A qualitative study
Authors: Davison Elizabeth , Semlyen Joanna , Lindqvist Susanne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo offer a practical way in which the status of healthcare assistants (HCAs) can be increased by drawing on their experience, knowledge and skillset, whilst mentoring medical students during an HCA project.DesignQualitative, reflexive thematic analysis.MethodsOne‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted between April and June 2019, with 13 participants. Participants included five healthcare assistants; three practice development nurses, two of whom were former HCAs; one registered general nurse and four clinical educators.ResultsTwo themes were identified: HCAs as silent, invisible caregivers (theme 1) and the formation of an HCA identity through mentoring (theme 2). HCAs are often silent performers of complex patient care with limited opportunity to engage in the interprofessional team dialogue. Social perceptions of HCAs describe them as a marginalised, poorly understood, ‘unqualified’ group with ‘lowly status’. Mentoring medical students allows HCAs to draw on their experience, knowledge and skillset by actively contributing to the learning and development of future doctors.ConclusionThe mentoring of medical students gave HCAs an active voice within the interprofessional team, instilling their confidence and self‐worth. Mentoring allowed HCAs to move from a homogenous, group‐based social identity to a role‐based one that enabled HCAs to reveal the true extent of their work whilst negotiating their place and identity within the interprofessional team.ImpactLeaders in healthcare will see that a re‐evaluation of HCAs as performers of basic, hands‐on patient care is needed to breakdown ingrained beliefs, eliminating a ‘us and them’ mentality. Involving HCAs in the mentoring of medical students will impact on the personal development of both HCAs and medical students in the cultivation of a future, person‐centred, inclusive and collaborative workforce.Reporting MethodCOREQ guidelines to enhance methodological rigour were strictly adhered to.Patient and Public InvolvementThere is no patient or public involvement.
A systematic review of the beneficial effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on ADHD
Authors: Allahyari Pooneh , Abbas Torki Saheb , Aminnezhad Kavkani Bahareh , Mahmoudi Zahra , Mousavi Hoseini Mohadeseh Sadat , Moradi Mahdi , Alami Farkhondeh , Keshavarz Mohammadian Mohammad , Bahoo Sele Bani Samira , Abbasi Mobarakeh Khadijeh , Shafaei Hanieh , Khoshdooz Sara , Hajipour Azadeh , Doaei Saeid , Gholamalizadeh Maryam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may benefit from probiotics and prebiotics, but the effects are unclear. To determine whether probiotics and prebiotics affect children with ADHD, a systematic review was conducted.MethodsThe present systematic review analyzed cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that examined whether prebiotics and probiotics are associated with ADHD. Seven randomized controlled trials and two cohort studies met our inclusion criteria.ResultsResearch on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) probiotic supplementation showed that children with ADHD had better emotional, physical, social, and school functioning, and a higher health‐related quality of life compared to the placebo group. The studies also showed that Synbiotic 2000 reduces markers of intestinal and vascular inflammation in children with ADHD, in part through increasing SCFA levels.ConclusionThe use of probiotics and prebiotics as adjuvants therapy in patients with ADHD is beneficial. Further studies with longer duration, including more participants and a variety of age groups, and using various evaluation techniques such as in vivo observation are required to examine the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on ADHD.
Design and synthesis of low‐dieclectric polyaryl ethers containing bulky tetraphenyl vinyl pendant group
Authors: Hou Wenhua , Zong Lishuai , Zhu Linyan , Wang Jiaming , Zhang Yabin , Li Zhansheng , Wang Jinyan , Jian Xigao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA tetraphenylethylene‐containing bisphenol monomer 5‐[4‐(triphenylvinyl)phenyl]benzene‐1,3‐diol (TPE‐OH) was designed and synthesized by Suzuki coupling and nucleophilic substitution reaction. By adjusting the proportion of TPE‐OH, a series of rigid polyaryl ether, namely PPTES, were facilely synthesized by homopolymerization or copolymerization with 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐diazepine‐1‐one (DHPZ) and 4,4′‐difluorodiphenyl sulfone (DFS). The following characterization of their structures with nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful synthesis of both monomers and polymers. Large, volume‐twisted and non‐coplanar rigid tetraphenylethylene could effectively increase the molecular chain spacing and reduce the regularity of the molecular chain, as evidenced by molecular dynamics simulation with Materials Studio, in turn to form an amorphous nature of PPTES phase state. In addition, such PPTESs have excellent solubility, heat resistance, and other comprehensive properties. Their glass transition temperature (Tg) is between 219 and 300°C, and the 5% thermogravimetric temperature of PPTESs locates at 490–539°C under N2 atmosphere. At 1 GHz, the intrinsic dielectric permittivity of polymer films is between 2.32 and 2.61, gradually decreases with TPE‐OH content. This work would provide new idea and choice for the selection of polyaryl ether resin bisphenol monomer, and promote the development and application of low‐dielectric polyarylether materials.
Disease‐modifying therapies for sickle cell disease: Decisional needs and supports among adolescents and young adults
Authors: Ding Ke , Bear Benjamin , Sood Erica , Alderfer Melissa , Crosby Lori , Hildenbrand Aimee K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundShared decision‐making is one promising solution to addressing barriers in use of disease‐modifying therapies for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with sickle cell disease (SCD). A thorough understanding of decisional needs can guide the development of decisional supports and promote shared decision‐making.ProcedureInformed by the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF), we conducted a qualitative analysis to assess decisional needs and supports reported by AYAs with SCD, their caregivers, and healthcare providers. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with AYAs and their caregivers, and online crowdsourcing was used with SCD providers. Thematic and descriptive content analyses were used to summarize perspectives on decisional needs and supports regarding disease‐modifying therapies.ResultsFourteen AYAs (Mage = 21 years, 57% male, 93% non‐Hispanic Black, 79% HbSS), 11 caregivers (80% female, 100% non‐Hispanic Black), and 40 healthcare providers (65% female, 65% non‐Hispanic White, Myears in practice = 14.8 years, 75% physicians) participated. Thematic analysis revealed needs related to: decisional conflict, inadequate knowledge, unclear expectations, and inadequate supports and resources. Six forms of support emerged as important for decision‐making: establishing an open and trusting patient/family–provider relationship, providing information, accepting ambivalence and unreadiness, supporting implementation of a decision, addressing inadequate health and social services, and promoting adequate social, emotional, and instrumental help.ConclusionsThis is the first study to assess decisional needs and supports for AYAs with SCD considering disease‐modifying therapies. Additional research is needed to examine which decision supports are the most impactful to promote effective shared decision‐making in this population.
A mixed‐methods approach to identify elements of culturally‐attuned teacher−student relationship interventions
Authors: Garner Pamela W. , Legette Kamilah , Shadur Julia M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe employed a mixed‐methods design to identify intervention elements that may improve relational inclusion in classrooms through equity‐framed and culturally‐attuned teacher−student relationship interventions. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 29 (26 female) school mental health professionals and 19 parents (mostly mothers) of racially, ethnically, and culturally diverse students. Using a convergent mixed‐methods design, we first analyzed the individual data points and then integrated the quantitative and qualitative data in the interpretation and discussion of the results. Our findings showed that, for school mental health professionals, the quantitative data largely complemented the qualitative results, which represented four themes: School−family partnerships, critical consciousness, educator preparation, and transformational social‐emotional learning. Parents of minoritized students identified unique elements, including microaggressions, color evasion, recognition of bias, storytelling, and systemic change as important for the development of culturally‐attuned interventions. The two groups had parallel and contrasting recommendations about elements that may contribute to improved classroom relational inclusion for minoritized students. Results illustrate how merging professional and parent perspectives could contribute to the development of teacher−student relationship interventions that appropriately address issues of equity and culture in ways that are meaningful to end users and other stakeholders.
Design, synthesis, antifungal evaluation and mechanism study of novel norbornene derivatives as potential laccase inhibitors
Authors: Jin Dao‐Jun , Yang Zi‐Hui , Qiu Yi‐Gui , Zheng Yi‐Ming , Cui Zhen‐Nan , Gu Wen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo discover novel fungicide candidates, five series of novel norbornene hydrazide, bishydrazide, oxadiazole, carboxamide and acylthiourea derivatives (2a‐2t, 3a‐3f, 4a‐4f, 5a‐5f and 7a‐7f) were designed, synthesized and assayed for their antifungal activity toward seven representative plant fungal pathogens.RESULTSIn the in vitro antifungal assay, some title norbornene derivatives presented good antifungal activity against Botryosphaeria dothidea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium graminearum. Especially, compound 2b exhibited the best inhibitory activity toward B. dothidea with the median effective concentration (EC50) of 0.17 mg L−1, substantially stronger than those of the reference fungicides boscalid and carbendazim. The in vivo antifungal assay on apples revealed that 2b had significant curative and protective effects, both of which were superior to boscalid. In the preliminary antifungal mechanism study, 2b was able to injure the surface morphology of hyphae, destroy the cell membrane integrity and increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of B. dothidea. In addition, 2b could considerably inhibit the laccase activity with the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.02 μM, much stronger than that of positive control cysteine (IC50 = 35.50 μM). The binding affinity and interaction mode of 2b with laccase were also confirmed by molecular docking.CONCLUSIONThis study presented a promising lead compound for the study of novel laccase inhibitors as fungicidal agrochemicals, which demonstrate significant anti‐B. dothidea activity and laccase inhibitory activity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tree‐temporal scan statistics for safety signal detection in vaccine clinical trials
Authors: Haguinet François , Tibaldi Fabian , Dessart Christophe , Bate Andrew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe evaluation of safety is critical in all clinical trials. However, the quantitative analysis of safety data in clinical trials poses statistical difficulties because of multiple potentially overlapping endpoints. Tree‐temporal scan statistic approaches address this issue and have been widely employed in other data sources, but not to date in clinical trials. We evaluated the performance of three complementary scan statistical methods for routine quantitative safety signal detection: the self‐controlled tree‐temporal scan (SCTTS), a tree‐temporal scan based on group comparison (BGTTS), and a log‐rank based tree‐temporal scan (LgRTTS). Each method was evaluated using data from two phase III clinical trials, and simulated data (simulation study). In the case study, the reference set was adverse events (AEs) in the Reference Safety Information of the evaluated vaccine. The SCTTS method had higher sensitivity than other methods, and after dose 1 detected 80 true positives (TP) with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 60%. The LgRTTS detected 49 TPs with 69% PPV. The BGTTS had 90% of PPV with 38 TPs. In the simulation study, with simulated reference sets of AEs, the SCTTS method had good sensitivity to detect transient effects. The LgRTTS method showed the best performance for the detection of persistent effects, with high sensitivity and expected probability of type I error. These three methods provide complementary approaches to safety signal detection in clinical trials or across clinical development programmes. All three methods formally adjust for multiple testing of large numbers of overlapping endpoints without being excessively conservative.
Multifaceted physiological and therapeutical impact of curcumin on hormone‐related endocrine dysfunctions: A comprehensive review
Authors: Wang Xiuying , Zhang Wei , Zhou Shengxue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver the past five decades, Curcumin (Cur), derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has gained considerable attention for its potential therapeutic applications. Synthesizing insights from clinical trials conducted over the last 25 years, this review delves into diseases where Cur has demonstrated promise, offering a nuanced understanding of its pharmacokinetics, safety, and effectiveness. Focusing on specific examples, the impact of Cur on various human diseases is explored. Endocrine glands and associated signaling pathways are highlighted, elucidating how Cur influences cellular signaling. The article underscores molecular mechanisms such as hormone level alteration, receptor interaction, cytokine and adipokine expression inhibition, antioxidant enzyme activity, and modulation of transcription factors. Cur showcases diverse protective mechanisms against inflammation and oxidative damage by suppressing antiapoptotic genes and impeding tumor promotion. This comprehensive overview emphasizes the potential of Cur as a natural agent for countering aging and degenerative diseases, calling for further dedicated research in this realm.
Mitochondrial aberrations in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis: Insights and therapeutic implications
Authors: Li Haoguang , Zhou Lu , Zhou Wei , Zhang Xiuling , Shang Jingjing , Feng Xueqin , Yu Le , Fan Jie , Ren Jie , Zhang Rongwei , Duan Xinwang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease, is marked by impaired immune tolerance and heightened activity in both innate and adaptive immune systems. Hallmarks of SLE include elevated type I interferons and autoantibody production, though the exact causes of SLE remain elusive despite advances in research techniques. Crucial to SLE research is understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Recent studies have highlighted a significant link between mitochondrial abnormalities and SLE's development and progression. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in SLE pathogenesis through various mechanisms such as mitochondrial DNA mutations, oxidative stress, immune metabolic reprogramming, and cellular death. These factors collectively contribute to the loss of self‐tolerance, increased autoantibody production, and impaired clearance of immune complexes, leading to their deposition. This triggers sustained inflammatory responses and damages multiple organs. This review focuses on the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches related to mitochondrial abnormalities in SLE. Targeting mitochondrial pathways presents a promising strategy for treating SLE, potentially improving prognosis and quality of life for those affected. Future research should further investigate the role of mitochondria in the onset and progression of SLE, providing new avenues for understanding and managing this complex disease.