bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The global wine business as a research field
Authors: Orth Ulrich R. , Lockshin Larry , d'Hauteville Francois 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper has the purpose of introducing the inaugural issue of the International Journal of Wine Business Research after the re‐launch from the International Journal of Wine Marketing including rationale, scope, goals, and objectives.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a rationale for a journal such as IJWBR. It starts by outlining the global wine business as a complex and fruitful field to study, describes some streams of research, and identifies issues for future studies as potential further contributions to this journal.FindingsThere is a critical need for an outlet that provides an overview on current issues and topics in the wine business, promotes high quality research on all aspects related to managing wine and related businesses, and is accessible to both academics and the global wine trade.Originality/valueThis paper is essential for current and prospective readers of the journal and those who consider submitting to IJWBR.
Trends and implications for Spanish wine sales in the US market
Authors: Thach Elizabeth , Cuellar Steven 
Published: April 2007

PurposeSpanish wine sales have grown quite rapidly in the US market during the past few years. The purpose of this paper is to examine this trend, discuss potential reasons, and identify opportunities for maintaining and increasing Spanish wine sales in the US market.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives are achieved by analyzing ACNielsen scan data from 2002 to 2005 and other secondary data on US wine consumers and trends.FindingsThe results indicate that Americans perceive red Spanish wine quite positively and are moving up in price point expenditures. However, sales of Spanish white wines remain rather fixed at specific price points. In addition, Spanish wine is losing market share to other imported wines, except for certain price points, but is performing well against US wines.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests ten opportunities for maintaining and/or increasing Spanish wine sales in the US market. Many of these suggestions are also useful for other countries desiring to export wine to the US.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first of its kind to provide an in‐depth analysis of ACNielsen Scan data on Spanish wines sales in the USA. In addition, it provides extensive information on the US wine market, trends, and new market segments such as the Millennial and Hispanic markets.
EARNINGS INEQUALITY, LABOUR SUPPLY AND SCHOOLING IN HUSBAND–WIFE FAMILIES
Authors: Pencavel John 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the association between market work and earnings inequality across families over the life cycle and over calendar time with special attention to the different experiences of college‐educated and high‐school‐educated people. A concise and effective accounting framework is developed that allows for an assessment of the effect of the growing market employment of married women on family earnings inequality. Applying this framework to pseudo‐panel data from successive Current Population Surveys indicates that the increase in wives' employment has diminished the growth in family earnings inequality especially for well‐educated couples. Inferences about the level and change in earnings inequality depend on the degree of labor market attachment of the people studied especially in the case of wives.
Differences in the composition of intestinal Bifidobacterium species and the development of allergic diseases in infants in rural Japan
Authors: Suzuki S. , Shimojo N. , Tajiri Y. , Kumemura M. , Kohno Y. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryBackground
Bifidobacterium is a dominant genus in the intestinal microbiota of infants and comprises many different species. A series of studies performed in northern Europe showed differences in the composition of Bifidobacterium species between allergic infants and healthy controls. Additional studies are needed to confirm this observation.Objective
To investigate the composition of fecal Bifidobacterium species in allergic infants and healthy controls in Japan, using molecular methods.Methods
Full‐term born babies were followed up to 6 months of age at a local hospital in rural Japan. The presence or absence of allergy was determined based on allergic symptoms and skin prick tests. Fecal Bifidobacterium species in allergic infants (n=10), and healthy controls (n=16) were evaluated using nine Bifidobacterium species‐specific or group‐specific primers based on 16S rDNA sequences at 1, 3, and 6 months of age.Results
The number of the infants in whom no Bifidobacterium species could be found was four (15.4%) at 1 month, two (7.7%) at 3 months, and one (3.3%) at 6 months of age, all of whom were healthy controls. At 1 month of age, allergic infants had a higher prevalence f the Bifidobacterium catenulatum group than healthy controls (60.0% vs. 6.3%, P<0.01). At 6 months of age, allergic infants had a higher prevalence of B. bifidum than healthy controls (70.0% vs. 12.5%, P<0.01). These differences were not related to feeding method.Conclusions
Our results in infants in rural Japan support the hypothesis that a compositional difference in intestinal Bifidobacterium species may be associated with the development of allergy in early infancy, although the responsible species might vary among countries or races.
CD4+CD25+ T cells regulate the intensity of hypersensitivity responses to peanut, but are not decisive in the induction of oral sensitization
Authors: Van Wijk F. , Wehrens E. J. M. , Nierkens S. , Boon L. , Kasran A. , Pieters R. , Knippels L. M. J. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryBackground
Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the maintenance of self‐tolerance and it has been suggested that these Tregs may also be involved in preventing allergic disease.Objective
The precise role of CD4+CD25+ T cells in the regulation of allergic responses to mucosal antigens remains to be elucidated. In the present study, it was investigated whether CD4+CD25+ T cells are involved in the induction of oral tolerance and whether they play a role in controlling hypersensitivity responses to food proteins.Methods
CD4+CD25+ T cells were depleted with PC61 mAb before the induction of low dose oral tolerance to peanut extract (PE). In addition, CD4+CD25+ T cell depletion was performed during sensitization or before oral challenge, using a C3H/HeOuJ mouse model of allergic sensitization to peanut.Results
Oral tolerance to PE could not be induced in CD4+CD25+ T cell‐depleted mice. However, CD4+CD25+ T cell depletion during long‐term exposure to PE alone did not result in allergic sensitization. In sensitized mice, anti‐CD25 treatment during oral exposure resulted in higher levels of PE‐specific IgE and increased mast cell degranulation upon an oral challenge. In contrast, anti‐CD25 treatment of PE‐sensitized mice before oral challenges did not affect the level of mast cell degranulation.Conclusion
These results indicate that CD4+CD25+ Tregs are involved in maintaining tolerance to oral antigens and regulate the intensity of an IgE‐mediated food hypersensitivity response, but are not crucial in preventing sensitization. Accordingly, CD4+CD25+ Tregs may represent a potential tool for the treatment of food allergic disorders.
Injured road users’ experience of care in the emergency department
Authors: Franzén Carin , Björnstig Ulf , Jansson Lilian , Stenlund Hans , Brulin Christine 
Published: April 2007

Aim.  To describe the patients’ perceptions of quality of care (QoC) in an emergency department (ED) and to analyse associations between patients’ background characteristics and estimated QoC.Background.  Each year 1·4 out of every 100 inhabitants are injured in the traffic environment and receive care at the ED. No study has yet analysed different injured road users’ perceived QoC, or how important they rate different caring dimensions.Design.  Cross‐sectional study at the ED, in the University Hospital in Umeå, Sweden.Method.  A stratified consecutive sample of 166 car occupants, 200 cyclists and 199 pedestrians, aged 18–70 years, all injured in the traffic environment. Data were collected from medical records and from a mail survey using a short form of the Quality from the Patient's Perspective questionnaire, modified for ED use. The statistical methods used included Mann–Whitney's U‐test, the Kruskal–Wallis test and multiple logistic regression.Results.  The perceived QoC and the subjective importance of the corresponding QoC dimensions were rated at the ‘better’ half of the rating scale, with no differences between the different road user categories. The most prominent factors associated with a positive perceived QoC rating were a short waiting time, moderate or serious injuries and high age as well as high educational level of the injury victim. For the subjective importance, a short waiting time was rated as the most important but slight differences were seen, related to education and sex.Conclusion.  The association patterns between the areas of perceived reality and subjective importance indicated that expectations were higher than perceived QoC, suggesting that patients expected somewhat higher QoC than they received.Relevance to clinical practice.  Information on factors causing long waiting times, adapted to patients’ age, sex and educational level, may reduce dissatisfaction among long waiting patients, especially among those with minor injuries.
Translation and validation of a Chinese version of the Self‐Control Schedule in Chinese childbearing women
Authors: Ngai Fei‐Wan , Chan Sally Wai‐Chi , Holroyd Eleanor 
Published: April 2007

Aims.  The aims of this study were to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Self‐Control Schedule (C‐SCS) in Chinese childbearing women.Background.  The SCS was developed to measure learned resourcefulness, which facilitates people's coping under adversity. Promoting learned resourcefulness in childbearing women facilitates positive adaptation to motherhood, which is essential to both maternal and child health. Thus, a reliable and valid C‐SCS is crucial for the development of interventions to promote learned resourcefulness in Chinese childbearing women.Design and methods.  In phase one, the SCS was translated into Chinese using the technique of translation and back‐translation and was reviewed by an expert panel for cultural equivalence. In phase two, psychometric testing of the C‐SCS was conducted by using a convenience sample of 360 childbearing women recruited from an antenatal clinic of a regional hospital. Four instruments including the C‐SCS, General Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSE), Rosenberg's Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES) and Edinburgh's Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were administered to the participants. Ninety‐two women participated in the four‐week retest.Results.  The C‐SCS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0·83) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0·91). Factor analysis revealed the presence of three factors supporting the conceptual dimension of the original instrument. Significant correlations with GSE (r = 0·48, p < 0·01), RSES (r = 0·41, p < 0·01) and EPDS (r = −0·46, p < 0·01) demonstrated good construct validity.Conclusion.  The findings suggest that the C‐SCS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring learned resourcefulness in Chinese childbearing women.Relevance to clinical practice.  The C‐SCS provides midwives with a useful tool in the evaluation of interventions designed to strengthen Chinese women's learned resourcefulness and promote maternal well‐being during childbearing.
Prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia in patients with vegetative state in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Li‐Chan , Hsieh Pei‐Chi , Wu Shiao‐Chi 
Published: April 2007

Aims.  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate and influencing factors of pneumonia associated with long‐term tube feeding in special care units for patients with persistent vegetative states (PVS) in Taiwan.Background.  Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity, hospitalization and mortality in the nursing home population. Tube feeding has been found as a risk factor for the occurrence of pneumonia.Methods.  Two hundred sixty subjects were chosen from three hospital‐based special care units for patients with PVS and 10 nursing facilities for persons in PVS in Taiwan. All subjects, who were diagnosed with PVS, received either financial aid for institutional care or were means‐tested from The Bureau of Social Welfare of cities and counties in Taiwan. Data were collected through chart review and observations.Results.  The prevalence rate of pneumonia in nursing facilities for patients with PVS was 14·2%. The prevalence rate of tube‐feeding in nursing facilities for PVS was 91·2%. The mean duration of tube‐feeding was 73·21 SD 55·33 months. A total of 90·4% was fed with a nasogastric (NG) tube. Having a lower intake of food and fluids daily and having been institutionalized for a shorter period were three dominant factors associated with the occurrence of pneumonia.Conclusion.  Research findings reveal that the incidence of pneumonia is higher in patients who do not receive adequate food and water. Continuing in‐service training to improve caregivers’ knowledge and skill in providing care to patients in PVS and monitoring their skills in feeding is needed to decrease the occurrence of pneumonia in this population.Relevance to clinical practice.  Staff needs to be taught to monitor laboratory data and signs and symptoms of malnutrition and hydration deficit, and also be alert to early indicators of pneumonia in patients with PVS.
A review of evidence‐based practice, nursing research and reflection: levelling the hierarchy
Authors: Mantzoukas Stefanos 
Published: April 2007

Aim.  This paper examines the evidence‐based practice movement, the hierarchy of evidence and the relationship between evidence‐based practice and reflective practice.Background.  Evidence‐based practice is equated with effective decision making, with avoidance of habitual practice and with enhanced clinical performance. The hierarchy of evidence has promoted randomized control trials as the most valid source of evidence. However, this is problematic for practitioners as randomized control trials overlook certain types of knowledge that, through the process of reflection, provide useful information for individualized and effective practice.Method.  A literature search was undertaken using CINAHL, medline and Ovid electronic databases in early 2006. The search terms used were: evidence‐based practice, research evidence, evidence for practice, qualitative research, reflective practice, reflection and evidence. Other sources included handpicking of books on evidence‐based practice, reflection and research. Only material written in English was included.Findings.  The hierarchy of evidence that has promoted randomized control trials as the most valid form of evidence may actually impede the use of most effective treatment because of practical, political/ideological and epistemological contradictions and limitations. Furthermore, evidence‐based practice appears to share very similar definitions, aims and procedures with reflective practice. Hence, it appears that the evidence‐based practice movement may benefit much more from the use of reflection on practice, rather than the use of the hierarchical structure of evidence.Conclusion.  Evidence‐based practice is necessary for nursing, but its’ effective implementation may be hindered by the hierarchy of evidence. Furthermore, evidence‐based practice and reflection are both processes that share very similar aims and procedures. Therefore, to enable the implementation of best evidence in practice, the hierarchy of evidence might need to be abandoned and reflection to become a core component of the evidence‐based practice movement.Relevance to clinical practice.  Provides an elaborated analysis for clinical nurses on the definition and implementation of evidence in practice.
Spirituality and secularization: nursing and the sociology of religion
Authors: Paley John 
Published: April 2007

Aim.  The concept of spirituality is much discussed in the UK nursing literature, despite the fact that Britain is one of the most secular countries in the world, and steadily becoming more so. Here, I pose the following question: given this increasing secularization, what accounts for the current interest in spirituality among UK nurses?Background.  The literature on spirituality in nursing has blossomed in the last 10 years, and various attempts have been made to define ‘spirituality’, ‘spiritual need’ and ‘spiritual care’. Most definitions distinguish between ‘spirituality’ and ‘religion’, acknowledging that the latter is more institutional, and theologically more restrictive, than the former; and they suggest that spirituality is universal, something which (unlike religion) all human beings share.Method.  I draw on the sociology of religion – neglected, for the most part, in the nursing literature – to establish two main points. Firstly, that the UK and the USA are at opposite ends of the religion/secularity spectrum, implying that it is a mistake to assimilate USA and UK sources. Secondly, that the concept of spirituality, as currently understood, is of very recent origin, and is still ‘under construction’, having become separated from its associations with Christian piety and mysticism only since the 1980s.Conclusions.  The extension of spirituality into secular domains is part of a professionalization project in nursing, a claim to jurisdiction over a newly invented sphere of work. For the time being, it remains an academic project (in the UK) as it is not one with which many clinicians identify.Relevance to clinical practice.  What counts as ‘spiritual need’ or ‘spiritual care’ may not be the same in both countries, and UK clinicians are unlikely to welcome the role of surrogate chaplain, which their USA colleagues are apparently willing to embrace.
Peer review in Nursing and Midwifery: a literature review
Authors: Rout Amelia , Roberts Paula 
Published: April 2007

Aims and objectives.  The Clinical Education Project investigated clinical education in nursing and midwifery settings. The aim of this phase was to investigate and evaluate the processes and outcomes of clinical assessment of preregistration nurses and midwives, focusing on the assessment interview, and to evaluate the feasibility of introducing peer review of the clinical assessment interview in acute clinical settings.Background.  Peer review is common in many professional areas. The literature describes various applications of peer review and makes recommendations for its use. However, there is a shortage of studies investigating the use of peer review in nursing and midwifery education and practice.Design.  The project involved a systematic literature review and a qualitative exploratory study. This article describes the first part of the study: a systematic literature review of peer review. The second part of the study is reported elsewhere.Methods.  The systematic literature review investigated international articles written since 1994 that contained information on peer review in pre/post registration nursing and midwifery within higher education or practice.Results.  From the available literature, 52 specific initiatives were analysed. The majority of articles originated in America and involved nursing staff working in secondary care settings. Fifty‐one articles had missing information varying from not stating the sample size to not including information about evaluations.Conclusions.  The literature review found that whilst peer review is commonplace in nursing and midwifery practice, there is a lack of robust literature about its use.Relevance to clinical practice.  Peer review in clinical settings such as nursing and midwifery can facilitate the sharing of good practice and personal and professional growth. It allows participants to learn from each other and gain insight into their development.
Seed predation during general flowering events of varying magnitude in a Malaysian rain forest
Authors: SUN I‐FANG , CHEN YU‐YUN , HUBBELL STEPHEN P. , WRIGHT S. JOSEPH , NOOR NUR SUPARDI MD. 
Published: April 2007

Summary

The lowland dipterocarp forests of Southeast Asia exhibit interspecifically synchronized general flowering (GF) and mast fruiting at irregular multi‐year intervals of 1 to 11 years. The predator satiation hypothesis (PSH) posits that GF events enhance seed survival by reducing the survival, reproduction and population sizes of seed predators between GF events, and then satiating the reduced seed predator populations during GF events.
Three GF events of different magnitudes occurred in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia, during 2001, 2002 and 2005. We exploited this natural experiment to test two predictions of the PSH. The first prediction was that seed survival should increase with the magnitude of the GF event. The second prediction was that seed predation should decrease with time since the previous GF event.
A reproductive survey of all (c. 900) dipterocarp trees 30 cm d.b.h. in a 50 ha plot showed that flowering pervasiveness (the proportion of dipterocarp species participating) was high and similar in all three GF events. However, relative flowering magnitudes (measured by an index of individual tree participation and flowering intensity in Shorea species) were 2, 5 and 8 for the 2001, 2002 and 2005 GF events, respectively.
The percentage of Shorea seeds surviving pre‐ and post‐dispersal predation increased with the magnitude of GF events, which is consistent with the first prediction.
Pre‐dispersal insect seed predators consumed 12.9%, 11.2% and 3.4% of Shorea seeds in the 2001, 2002 and 2005 GF events, respectively, which is consistent with both predictions.
Pre‐dispersal seed predation by primates (mainly leaf monkeys) increased from 11.9% to 38.6% then fell to 9.3% in the 2001, 2002 and 2005 GF events, respectively.
Predator satiation occurred only at population and community levels. At the individual tree level there was no relationship between the percentage of seeds surviving pre‐ and post‐dispersal seed predation and variation in seed crop size or seed density beneath the tree. This suggests that attempts to test the PSH on the scale of individual trees may miss key community level effects.
Our results suggest a more significant role of pre‐dispersal seed predation in the evolution of reproductive synchrony than was recognized in the original statement of the PSH.
Anaesthetists should be aware of delayed hypersensitivity to phenylephrine
Authors: Dewachter P. , Mouton‐Faivre C. 
Published: April 2007

Delayed reactions to phenylephrine, used as a mydriatic agent during ophthalmological surgical procedures, are well known. We diagnosed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to phenylephrine included in an ophthalmic insert in a woman presenting, 24 h after surgery, with an acute blepharoconjunctivitis associated with eyelid eczema of the operated eye. The diagnosis was supported by the recognition of clinical symptoms associated with a positive patch test to phenylephrine.Patients who present with previous contact eczema to phenylephrine may develop a generalized eczema if phenylephrine is injected intravenously. Intravenous phenylephrine is increasingly being used in the operating room to treat hypotension. This case report confirms the need for systematic allergological investigation of all drugs and substances administered during the peri‐operative period in order to avoid a delayed hypersensitivity reaction occurring after the peri‐operative period. Anaesthetists should be aware of the possibility of delayed hypersensitivity reactions involving phenylephrine.