bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MICRODETERMINATION OF PROGESTINS IN RAT OVARIES: PROGESTERONE AND 20α-HYDROXY-PREGN-4-EN-3-ONE CONTENT DURING PROOESTRUS, OESTRUS AND PSEUDOPREGNANCY
Authors: Lindner H. R. , Zmigrod A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the determination of progesterone (P) and 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (20αOHP) in rat ovaries by combined paper- and vapour-phase chromatography. In pseudopregnant rats during the 4th to 7th day of leucocytic vaginal smear, the progesterone content of a pair of ovaries varied about a mean of 1 μg, and the ratio P/20αOHP ranged from 2.2 to 3.0. The ovarian progesterone content was minimal (0.15 μg/pair) on the morning of prooestrus, rose significantly on the afternoon of prooestrus (0.4 μg) and declined again before the morning of oestrus. Throughout dioestrus, prooestrus and oestrus the ovarian content of 20αOHP exceeded that of progesterone (P/20αOHP = 0.27–0.51). This inversion of the P/20αOHP ratio reflects the increase in ovarian 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity known to occur during follicular proliferation. Cyclic changes observed in the content of progestins in the ovaries, including the preovulatory rise, parallel those previously described in ovarian venous blood.
EFFECT OF ERGOCORNINE ON OVARIAN SYNTHESIS OF PROGESTERONE AND 20α-HYDROXY-PREGN-4-EN-3-ONE IN THE PSEUDOPREGNANT RAT
Authors: Lindner H. R. , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ovarian content of progesterone (P) and 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one (20αOHP) was measured in rats given a subcutaneous injection of 1 mg ergocornine methanesulphate (ECO) on day L4 of pseudopregnancy and in untreated pseudopregnant controls. The progesterone content in the ovaries of the treated rats declined, after a latency of 12 h, to 44% of the control level at 24 h, and to 30% at 30 to 72 h after the ECO injection. This fall in progesterone level coincided with a sharp rise in 20αOHP content of the ovaries and consequent inversion of the P/20αOHP ratio, from 1.9–3.8 in the controls to 0.24–0.45 in the ECO-treated rats. The total P + 20αOHP content of the ovaries remained similar in treated and control rats, except for a significant fall 48 h after ECO injection. The changes in ovarian steroid content after ECO administration mimic those observed during spontaneous prooestrus and oestrus and account for the interruption of the progestational state brought about by the drug. The results negate the postulate that ECO exerts its pregnancy-interrupting action in the rat by direct inhibition of ovarian 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and are consistent with the view that this action of the drug is mediated by suppression of prolactin secretion by the pituitary gland; such a suppression may be secondary to an excitatory effect on the hypothalamus.
PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND CORTISOL, AND URINARY PREGNANEDIOL EXCRETION, DURING THE POST-OVULATORY PHASE OF THE CYCLE IN NORMAL AND ERGOCORNINE-TREATED WOMEN
Authors: Lindner H. R. , Lunenfeld B. , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The plasma level of progesterone in 30 clinically normal women on the estimated 5th to 7th day after ovulation, determined by combined paperand gas-chromatography, was 1.39 μg/100 ml ± 0.14 S. E.
The response of eight women to a single oral administration of 2 mg ergocornine methanesulphonate on the estimated 5th, 6th or 7th day after ovulation was examined, in order to evaluate the suggestion that this drug depresses the secretion of steroid hormones by inhibiting 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Plasma progesterone level (μg/100 ml ± S. E,) 5½ h after administration of the drug (0.91 ± 0.15) did not differ significantly from that before treatment (1.0 ± 0.18) or in placebo-treated controls (1.25 ± 0.16 and 1.15 ± 0.14, respectively). Urinary pregnanediol excretion (mg) was similar during the 24 h-period immediately preceding treatment (1.7 ± 0.34) and following it (1.6 ±0.19). The plasma corticoid (11β-hydroxy-Δ4-3-ketosteroid) level was reduced by 27.3% ±6.1 S. E. 5½ h after ergocornine administration, but this decline was paralleled by a similar fall (–24.5%) in placebo-treated controls. The results thus provided no evidence for the induction of luteal insufficiency or a specific enzyme block by the alkaloid. The difference from results obtained in rats may be due to species characteristics or dose rate.
THE EFFECT OF METHYLTHIOURACIL ON THE UPTAKE OF 131I-TRIIODOTHYRONINE BY THE RED CELLS: A TEST FOR THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Goolden A. W. G. , Gartside June M. , Osorio C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake of 131I-T2 by the red cells has been determined according to a standard method and with the addition of methylthiouracil in a series of one hundred thyrotoxic and fifty euthyroid patients. The addition of methylthiouracil increased the uptake of 131I-T3 by the red cells in thyrotoxic patients but not in normal people. This modification of the test makes it more precise in the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis.
ÜBER DEN EINFLUSS VON SULFONYLHARNSTOFF, ACTH UND METOPIRON AUF ENDPRODUKTE DES KATECHOLAMINSTOFFWECHSELS BEIM DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Zicha L. , Engelhardt J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Vanillic mandelic acid (VMA), vanillic acid (VA) and homo vanillic acid (HVA) were determined in urine (collection period: 4 hours) of 11 controls, 7 patients with latent and 8 with manifest diabetes receiving sulfonyl urea, ACTH and Metopirone. The three investigated groups showed no difference in the elimination of VMA, VA and HVA during a test-free four hours period. After the application of sulfonyl urea the VMA and VA values were lowered in the diabetic group in contrary to the control persons, whereas the elimination of HVA remained unchanged. There was no difference in the HVA values between latent diabetics and controls.
VA and HVA were somewhat increased after i. v. ACTH-application, VMA remained unchanged. In the diabetic group the three catecholamine metabolites were augmented up to twofold. Similar results were found during the endogenous ACTH-mobilisation by Metopirone where the diabetics also had the highest rise in VMA, VA and HVA. On account of these experiments it must be discussed that the sympathic-adrenal system of diabetics reacts more intensive to exogenous and endogenous ACTH.
GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS: PLASMA LH AND FSH AT VARIOUS AGES EVALUATED BY THE METHOD OF PARABIOSIS
Authors: Johnson Donald C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ventral prostates in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners of intact animals were used to compare the amount of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) in males and females of various ages. Ovarian weight, histology, and augmentation with chorionic gonadotrophin, in hypophysectomized androgenized females were used to estimate plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) activity in intact adult males and females.
In young animals, up to 50 days of age, males apparently have the same amount of plasma LH as females, but older cyclic females produced significantly heavier prostates in their hypophysectomized male partners than did males. The results are consistent with the interpretation that cyclic surges of LH added to a tonic level produced an average value higher for females than males. In contrast, males of all ages and particularly adults, have a significantly greater amount of circulating FSH than females.
THE EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE PHENYLPROPIONATE ON THE INCORPORATION OF SODIUM FORMATE-14C IN VITRO INTO VARIOUS ORGANS OF THE CASTRATED RAT
Authors: Jakubovič Alexander , Čekan Zdeně 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By means of the incorporation in vitro of H14COONa, metabolic changes in the prostate, seminal vesicles, m. levator ani, and m. solcus were studied in castrated infantile rats 48 hours after a depot administration of 1 mg and 8 mg doses of testosterone phenylpropionate. The activity was estimated in soluble, nucleic acid, and protein fractions of individual target organs. In all organs, an increased incorporation into all these subcellular fractions was shown to take place except for m. soleus, where an increase was observed only in the nucleic acid fraction.
These results are in good agreement with those of a similar study in vivo.
CONVERSION OF ANDROST-4-ENE-3,17-DIONE-4-14C TO OESTROGENS BY SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS OF THE HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE NORMAL CYCLE
Authors: Arceo Rosalinda B. , Ryan Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The subcellular localization of the aromatizing enzymes from four human corpora lutea was investigated. Subcellular fractions were prepared by differential centrifugation, and incubations of each fraction were carried out with androst-4-ene-3,17-dione-4-14C and a TPNH generating system. Oestrogen metabolites were characterized by phenolic separation, repeated paper chromatography, incubation with freshly prepared placental 17β-ol dehydrogenase, methylation and recrystallization to constant specific activity.
The experimental results indicate that the aromatizing enzymes were localized mainly in the microsomal fractions of homogenates of human corpora lutea.
EFFECTS OF INSULIN ON THE INTACT LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE OF THE RAT
Authors: Arvill A. , Ahrén K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of insulin on the rate of intracellular accumulation and incorporation into the protein of some normal amino acids (glycine-3H, leucine-14C and valine-14C) in the intact levator ani muscle of the rat were studied in vitro. The effect of puromycin on the accumulation of these amino acids as well as on the accumulation of the model amino acid α-aminoisobutyric acid-14C (AIB-14C) was examined. In addition the effect of insulin on the incorporation of adenine-14C into the muscle RNA as well as on the effect of actinomycin D added to the incubation medium were also investigated. The insulin stimulated AIB-14C transport is described by the formulation of Michaelis-Menten and approximate values of Km and Vmax are calculated for this transport in the levator ani muscle.
Insulin was found to stimulate the intracellular accumulation of glycine-3H and AIB-14C, while a significant decrease was found in the accumulation of leucine-14C and valine-14C.
Insulin also stimulated the incorporation of glycine-3H and leucine-14C into the muscle protein. When puromycin was added to the medium, no radioactivity was found in the protein fraction and insulin then stimulated the intracellular accumulation of glycine-3H, leucine-14C and AIB-14C. A slight but significant stimulation with insulin was found on the incorporation of adenine-14C into the RNA-fraction of the levator ani muscle. The addition of actinomycin D was found to inhibit this effect of insulin, but did not change the insulin stimulation of the AIB-14C accumulation.
The results are discussed in relation to our present knowledge of the different in vitro effects of insulin.
CUSHING'S SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH A »CORTICOTROPHIN«-PRODUCING BRONCHIAL NEOPLASM
Authors: Landon J. , James V. H. T. , Peart W. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A patient is reported who developed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and Cushing's syndrome in association with an undifferentiated bronchial carcinoma. »Corticotrophin« was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay in the tumour and its metastases and »melanocyte-stimulating hormone« by bioassay in a metastasis. Treatment with Metyrapone resulted in bio-chemical evidence of improvement but side-effects limited its clinical usefulness. The use of pituitary-adrenal function tests in distinguishing patients with this syndrome from those with Cushing's disease is discussed.
SENSITIVITY OF THE RAT DIAPHRAGM TO GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Hjalmarson Å. , Ahrén K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vivo and in vitro effects of bovine growth hormone (GH) on the rate of intracellular accumulation of D-xylose and α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) were studied in the intact rat hemidiaphragm preparation.
GH was added in vitro or injected intravenously (i. v.) to hypophysectomized rats 45 min before incubation. It markedly increased the accumulation of both D-xylose-14C and AIB-14C by the isolated diaphragm. This stimulatory effect of GH was almost completely abolished by pretreatment of the rats with GH, either intramuscularly for 4 days or i. v. 16 hours before the in vitro experiment.
An i. v. injection of GH (10 μg) to hypophysectomized rats 45 or 90 min before incubation gave a two-fold increase in the rate of AIB uptake by the isolated diaphragm while a similar injection 3½, 24 or 38 hours before incubation did not produce such stimulation. These injections, however, significantly decreased the sensitivity of the diaphragm to GH, added later in vitro. This type of inhibitory effect was seen after a single i. v. injection of as little as 1.0 μg of GH.
The results indicate that acute administration of GH to hypophysectomized rats may first produce a stimulatory effect for 2–3 hours, which is then followed by an inhibitory phase lasting for as long as 35 hours. The nature of these two effects of GH are discussed in connection with other experimental and clinical observations on the diversity of the GH action. It is concluded that the contrasting effects of GH found in the present study on the isolated diaphragm may be due, at least in part, to changes in the transport mechanisms of the cell membrane to amino acids and sugars.
ENDOCRINE STUDIES AT HIGH ALTITUDE. III.
Authors: Sobrevilla Luis A. , Romero I. , Moncloa F. , Donayre J. , Guerra-García R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Total urinary gonadotrophins have been measured in 8 natives living at 14 000 feet (HA), in 10 natives living at sea level (SL), and 10 SL natives during exposure to 14 000 feet for 14 days. For the determinations the kaolin-acetone extraction technique and the mouse uterus test with NIH-HPG-UPM-1 as reference standard were used. HA natives excrete 1.25 ± 0.20 (S. E. M.) mgEq. NIH-HPG-UPM-1 and SL men 1.14 ± 0.31 (S. E. M.). No significant changes occurred during the acute exposure of SL natives to HA. The authors conclude that the unimpaired fertility of the HA native does not depend on adaptive alterations in gonadotrophin excretion, and that acute exposure of males to 14 000 feet for 14 days does not cause any alterations in the urinary excretion of gonadotrophins, detectable by the method used.
BIOGENESE VON ÖSTRIOL-3-MONOGLUCURONID
Authors: Dahm K. , Lindlau Monika , Breuer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The biogenesis of oestriol 3-monoglucuronide has been studied using different enzyme preparations of human intestine and placenta as well as of rat liver. After incubation of oestriol with the microsomal fraction of human intestine, oestriol 3-monoglucuronide was found in addition to oestriol 16α-monoglucuronide and oestriol 17β-monoglucuronide.
No oestriol 3-monoglucuronide was found when 16α-hydroxyoestrone 3-monoglucuronide, prepared biosynthetically, was incubated with a 24-fold purified human placental 17β-hydroxysteroid:NAD-oxidoreductase. On the other hand, no oestriol 3-monoglucuronide was formed when 17β-oestradiol 3-monoglucuronide was subjected to the action of the microsomal 16α-hydroxylase of rat liver. These results may be explained by steric hindrance of the enzyme system involved.
On the basis of the present findings it can be concluded that oestriol 3-monoglucuronide arises exclusively by direct glucuronidation of oestriol, and not by enzymatic reduction of 16α-hydroxyoestrone 3-monoglucuronide or by 16α-hydroxylation of 17β-oestradiol 3-monoglucuronide.
BINDING OF SEX STEROIDS TO RABBIT SPERM
Authors: Ericsson R. J. , Cornette J. C. , Buthala D. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Semen from rabbits treated with 3H-oestradiol was radioactive. Seminal fluids contained an average of 66.8% of the activity while twice-washed sperm had 11.2%. Comparison of binding capacity in vitro of tritiated sex steroids showed that progesterone and oestradiol had a much greater affinity (P <.05) for sperm than did testosterone (11.1, 7.8 and 1.1%, respectively). An increase in incubation time from 30 minutes to 20 hours did not significantly alter the amounts of steroid bound to sperm. The amount of steroid bound to washed sperm was increased three-fold by delaying steroid incubation until after removal of sperm from seminal fluids. Attempts to remove significant amounts of 3H-steroids from sperm by incubation of each sample with 10 times the amount of cold steroid were unsuccessful. Autoradiographs of sperm labeled in vitro with 3H-oestradiol revealed grains located primarily on the periphery of the sperm cell, which indicates attachment and not penetration of the steroid.
ENZYMMUSTER UND PROGESTERONSYNTHESE
Authors: Brandau Hartmut , Remmlinger Karin , Luh Wilfried 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
During the maturation of follicles and corpora lutea in the rabbit ovary the activity levels of oxidoreductases of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, glycerophosphate cycle, pentose phosphate shunt as well as the Δ5,3β-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase were studied in granulosa cells by histochemical technique. While the oxidoreductases of the glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and glycerophosphate cycle show continuously unvaried activities a remarkable increase was found regarding the activities of NADPH2-supplying enzymes and Δ5,3β-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase before resp. after ovulation. According to these relations the granulosa cells of rabbit ovary cannot produce progesterone prior to 8 hours after ovulation. Furthermore, the analysis of the sequence and the functional role of enzyme activation in the granulosa cells allows some conclusions about the mechanism of gonadotrophin action influencing the metabolism of steroid hormone producing cells.
A CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN OVARIAN CHOLESTEROL
Authors: Clark J. H. , Zarrow M. X. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Total ovarian cholesterol levels in the Wistar and Holtzman rat were found to exhibit a circadian (= diurnal) rhythm in the mature female and in the immature PMS-HCG treated animal although certain differences existed between the two strains. Cholesterol levels were determined at 1:30 p.m. and 8:30 p.m. on each day of the oestrous cycle in mature animals. A 19% depletion occurred at metoestrus in the Wistar rat but no significant change was noted in the Holtzman rat. During dioestrus a significant depletion occurred in both strains, i. e. 15% in the Wistar and 19% in the Holtzman strain. On the day of prooestrus the cholesterol levels in both strains showed a 50% depletion. During oestrus the values for the Wistar remained low while the levels in the Holtzman showed a significant increase of 25%. No diurnal rhythm occurred in mature animals kept in constant light or in animals which had been androgen-sterilized with 1.25 mg of testosterone propionate on day two of age. The cholesterol levels were also measured in immature animals of both strains that had been prepared for use in OCD assay for LH, i. e., 50 IU of PMS on day 22 and 24 and 25 IU of HCG on day 26. Measurements were taken at 8:30 a.m., 1:30 p.m., 8:30 p.m., and 2:30 a.m. on day 36 of age. The immature Wistar rat showed a highly significant diurnal rhythm with the highest value at 1:30 p.m. and the lowest value at 2:30 a.m. The immature rat of the Holtzman strain failed to show any rhythm but the cholesterol levels were twice as high as those noted in the Wistar rat. Androgen sterilization abolished the diurnal rhythm in the Wistar animals and significantly increased the ovarian cholesterol values in both strains. The results indicate that a diurnal rhythm in ovarian cholesterol is present. The cholesterol depletion on the day of dioestrus is discussed with regard to its role in the timing of ovulation.
DISTURBED ORGANIC BINDING IN THE THYROID: ONE OR TWO DEFECTS?
Authors: Bax G. M. , Wiener J. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Defective binding of iodine accumulated in the thyroid gland to tyrosyl radicals of thyroglobulin (organic binding) has been found in goitrous, mainly hypothyroid patients by a number of investigators since its first description by Stanbury & Hedge in 1950. A hypothyroid goitrous cretin with this defect is briefly described in this paper.
Defective organic binding of iodine has also been found in goitrous, mainly euthyroid patients in association with deafness. This disorder has become known as Pendred's syndrome. A systematic search in two schools for the deaf yielded nine patients with the syndrome and nine cases (including the mother of one of the first-mentioned patients) where the diagnosis was probable.
Evidence is further presented in this paper that Stanbury & Hedge's defect and Pendred's syndrome are expressions of essentially the same disease, presenting quantitative rather than qualitative differences.
THE EFFECT OF HYPOTHALAMIC DEAFFERENTATION UPON PUBERTY IN THE FEMALE RAT
Authors: Ramaley J. A. , Gorski R. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Neural connections of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) were completely or partially severed in 180 22-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats by means of the Halàsz knife and the subsequent gonadal development studied. Surgical transection of all neural input (complete deafferentation) or of only the fibers reaching the MBH from anterior resulted in precocious vaginal opening followed immediately by the onset of persistent vaginal oestrus. Surgery which transected the lateral and posterior connections had no effect, while sham surgery delayed puberty slightly. Animals with anterior or complete deafferentation of the MBH failed to ovulate at puberty. Upon necropsy at 90 days of age, the ovaries of the latter animals contained large follicles but no corpora lutea and weighed less than control ovaries. The deafferented region associated with precocity and persistent vaginal oestrus extended from just behind the optic chiasm to the mamillary body and about 1.2 mm dorsally and laterally. Prepuberal injection of 25 IU PMS accelerated vaginal opening and ovulation in intact controls. Ovulation did not occur after PMS in animals with anterior deafferentation of the MBH although the ovaries at necropsy equalled in weight those of intact PMS-treated controls. It appears that the neurally isolated MBH can sustain precocious maturation due presumably to the removal of inhibitory influences, but it cannot support regular ovulatory cycles.
STUDIES ON ESTER SULPHATES
Authors: Boström Harry , Wengle Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A survey of the distribution of phenol and steroid sulphokinases in various adult human tissues has been undertaken by the use of 35S-labelled 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulphate (PAPS). The following healthy tissues were studied: adrenals, jejunal mucosa, kidneys, liver, ovaries and spleen. In addition, some determinations were made on pathological tissues, i. e. cirrhotic liver, an adrenal adenoma, hypernephromas, nephritic renal tissues and various thyroid adenomas.
Phenol sulphokinase was present in all the tissues studied. With one exception, the various steroid sulphokinases (dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone, aetiocholan-3α-ol-17-one, testosterone, pregnan-3α-ol-20-one, pregnan-3β-ol-20-one, 11-deoxycorticosterone and oestrone sulphokinase) were detectable in three organs only (liver, adrenals and jejunal mucosa). The exception was the presence of oestrone sulphokinase in a thyroid adenoma of »foetal« type. In the pathological tissues, the level of the enzyme activities did not deviate significantly from that in normal tissues. The pH optima of some sulphokinases were estimated and found to be 5.8 for DHA sulphokinase, 5.5 for androsterone sulphokinase and 6.8 for phenol sulphokinase in the liver preparations. In the adrenal preparations the pH optimum for DHA and DOC sulphokinase was 6.3 and that for androsterone sulphokinase 5.9.