bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of cerebral blood flow velocity estimation with cranial ultrasound imaging for early prediction of outcome in preterm infants
Authors: Rennie Janet M. , Coughtrey Heather , Morley Ruth , Evans David H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeventy‐four low birth weight infants underwent serial measurements of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) using Doppler ultrasound together with ultrasound imaging of the brain. Surviving infants were examined and assessed using the Bayley scales of mental and motor development at 18 months post‐term. There were no significant differences in mean CBFV between normal and impaired infants. Infants with abnormal neurological signs (n = 6) or developmental delay (n = 3) did not show the usual steady rise in CBFV during the first few days of life. Four of nine had a rise, then a fall in CBFV compared with 4 of 31 with complete data in the normal group. This difference is significant (χ2 = 4.3, p = 0.03). The magnitude of the percentage increase between day 1 and day 3 was also smaller in the abnormal group (median 0% vs. 39%, Mann–Whitney p = 0.03). A structural abnormality seen on the cranial ultrasound image was a better predictor of adverse outcome than an abnormal CBFV pattern, with a better sensitivity and specificity (66% and 97% for imaging compared to 44% and 87% for CBFV). The addition of serial ultrasound Doppler measurements of CBFV did not improve the prediction of outcome obtained using ultrasound imaging alone. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantification and assessment of carotid artery lesions: Degree of stenosis and plaque volume
Authors: Arbeille Ph. , Desombre C. , Aesh B. , Philippot M. , Lapierre F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVarious methods were developed for the quantification of the degree of stenosis: B‐mode imaging, CW Doppler with spectral analysis, PW‐duplex, and colorflow imaging. The degree of stenosis can be evaluated using transverse views of the carotid in conventional B‐mode imaging. The diameters of the residual lumen (Ds) and the external diameter (De) of the artery at the same level are measured and the degree of stenosis (in area) is calculated. Two different Doppler methods have been designed and validated for the quantification of the stenosis degree. The first one is based on the determination of the maximal velocity inside the stenosis and requires the use of a duplex device. The second one, based on the quantification of the hemodynamic disturbances at the outlet of the stenosis, can be used either with a duplex system or with a continuous‐wave Doppler system (pencil probe). The color display mode facilitates the determination of the residual lumen and therefore contributes to making the B‐mode method more accurate. Moreover, it provides a visualization of the blood flow which avoids most of the misinterpretations of B‐mode or Doppler data. Several classification systems based on subjective or semi‐quantitative criteria (morphological or hemodynamic) were used to identify different grades of stenosis (<40%, 40% to 60%, 60% to 90%, etc.) These classifications provide an evaluation of the degree of stenosis accurate enough to discuss the possibility of performing an endarterectomy on a symptomatic patient. When the surgical treatment seems to be inappropriate, the patient is treated medically; the follow‐up of the lesion (ie, every 6 months) requires a more precise evaluation of the plaque changes than does stenosis classification. Several parameters have been designed and validated for the quantification of the degree of stenosis by ultrasound. These parameters, whether measured with the B‐mode and color image or with the Doppler spectrum, allow quantification of the stenosis degree in percentage of lumen reduction with a precision of approximately ± 10%. Such a quantitative assessment of carotid lesions for a long period of time may be very helpful in evaluating the beneficial effects of medical treatment or in detecting any significant increase of the stenosis that could lead to surgical treatment. A new method for the plaque volume assessment has been recently validated. The plaque volume index expressed in mm3 is calculated from logitudinal and transversal B mode views of the bifurcation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multiplane transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of transvenous defibrillation leads
Authors: Fehske Wolfgang , Jung Werner , Omran Heyder , Manz Matthias , Moosdorf Rainer , Lüderitz Berndt 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPermanent transvenous cardioverter–defibrillator leads were investigated by multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) (1) to determine whether intracardiac lead segments can be visualized, (2) to verify the position of the coils, and (3) to detect possible thrombus formation. The diagnostic information obtained in 62 patients by TEE was compared to that of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Abnormal findings were only visualized by multiplane TEE. However, further controlled studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of displaced caval (one patient) and ventricular coils (15 patients), ventricular (1 patient) or atrial (6 patients) loops, and of clinically uneventful thrombi (13 patients). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Refractory hemolytic anemia secondary to perivalvular leak diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Formolo John M. , Reyes Pablo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become increasingly important in the assessment of mitral valve prosthetic dysfunction. We report on three patients who developed medically refractory hemolytic anemia after St. Jude mitral valve replacement secondary to perivalvular mitral prosthetic regurgitation. Two of the three cases had corrective surgical intervention that resolved the hemolytic process. Careful transesophageal echocardiographic evaluations of the perivalvular area proved diagnostic and resulted in appropriate management decisions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doppler velocity histogram analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yasuhara Kazuaki , Kimura Kunio , Nakamura Hiroshi , Iwadare Makoto , Ohto Masao , Matsuzaki Osamu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo study the characteristics of tumor blood flow, flow profiles from hepatocellular carcinomas (39 profiles) and normal hepatic arteries (23 profiles) were evaluated using velocity histograms obtained with Doppler ultrasound. The histograms were classified into three types: (1) high‐peak, (2) flat, and (3) low‐peak. Characteristically, the low‐peak types and the flat types, with flows in opposing directions, were seen only in the tumor vessels. The turbulence in a phantom flow model was of the low‐peak type. Spectral analysis revealed that the velocity profile of tumor blood flow was different from that of noncancerous flow and that tumor blood flow was characterized by turbulence. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sonography of the costal cartilage: Normal anatomy and preliminary clinical application
Authors: Choi Yo Won , Im Jung‐Gi , Song Chi Sung , Lee Jeong Sang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCostal cartilages of 10 controls and 12 patients with Tietze's syndrome (n = 6), deformed (exaggerated bowing) cartilage (n = 4), focal enlargement (n = 1), and cancer‐invaded cartilage (n = 1) were examined with ultrasonography. In controls, ultrasonography detected 237 of 240 costal cartilages (98.8%) and 58 of 105 intercartilage connections (55%) with three variations. Correlation with CT was available in 7 patients (1 Tietze's syndrome, 4 deformities, 1 cartilage enlargement, and 1 cancer) among 8 patients whose CT results were known to the sonographer. Sonography showed normal (n = 4) or marginally blurred (n = 2) cartilages in 6 Tietze's syndromes. Ultrasonography is a promising technique in the examination of costal cartilages. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonic “honeycomb” appearance of uterine submucous fibroids undergoing cystic degeneration
Authors: Cohen Jacob R. , Luxman Dov , Sagi Joseph , Jossiphov Joseph , David Menachem P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUterine fibroids are the most common of uterine benign tumors. Generally, the ultrasonic appearance of uterine fibroids is typical, and diagnosis is uncomplicated. However, the sonographic characteristics of fibroids undergoing cystic degeneration, and especially those of the submucous type, may be misleading. We present a series of submucous fluids with cystic degeneration in peri‐ and postmenopausal women showing a distinct sonographic “honeycomb” pattern erroneously diagnosed as endometrial hyperplasia. The correct diagnosis was established by hysteroscopy. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Changes in transmitral and pulmonary venous flow patterns in the first day of life
Authors: Harada Kenji , Takahashi Yasushi , Shiota Terukazu , Tamura Masamichi , Takada Goro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to see the relationship between changes in pulmonary venous flow velocities and those in transmitral flow velocities during the first day of life. A serial Doppler echocardiography was performed in 24 normal neonates at 2, 12, and 24 hours of age. The size of the ductus arteriosus was 4.3 ± 0.5 mm at 2 hours and 2.1 ± 0.7 mm at 12 hours, and closed in 21 of 24 neonates at 24 hours. The peak systolic pulmonary venous flow (peak S), peak diastolic pulmonary venous flow (peak D), peak D/S, peak velocity at early diastolic filling (peak E), and peak E/A, which were high at 2 hours, decreased significantly at 12 hours but remained constant thereafter. The size of the ductus arteriosus was found to be correlated with peak S, peak D, and peak D/S. There was a direct correlation between peaks E and D (r: 0.64, p < 0.01) as well as a direct correlation between peaks E/A and D/S (r: 0.36, p < 0.05). These results indicate that the diastolic pulmonary venous flow is determined by the same factors that influence the transmitral flow. These waveforms may reflect the increase in pulmonary circulatory volume by left‐to‐right shunting through the ductus arteriosus. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Antenatal sonographic detection of the proximal esophageal segment: Specific evidence for congenital esophageal atresia
Authors: Satoh Shoji , Takashima Takeshi , Takeuchi Hajime , Koyanagi Takashi , Nakano Hitoo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine the biologic significance of a transient anechoic area observed in the midline of the fetal neck when attempting an antenatal ultrasound diagnosis of congenital esophageal atresia (CEA), a prospective study was made in 10 cases presenting both polyhydramnios and an unusually small stomach size due to a decrease in fetal stomach fluid. There were 8 cases indicating a transient anechoic area in the fetal neck, all of which were diagnosed as having CEA postnatally by plain roentgenogram, neonatal surgery, or autopsy findings. The remaining 2 cases had no CEA; one had Nager's syndrome and the other, a disorder involving neuronal migration in the central nervous system. These results suggest that an anechoic area in the middle of the fetal neck can be used as an indication of CEA and also for differentiating this condition from diseases with possible swallowing impairment. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Review of artifacts associated with transrectal ultrasound: Understanding, recognition, and prevention of misinterpretation
Authors: Hulsmans Frans‐jan J. H. , Castelijns Jonas A. , Reeders Jacques W. A. J. , Tytgat Guido N. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArtifacts are inadequate representations of the structures being imaged. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) used for evaluating rectal tumors has its own, unique spectrum of artifacts such as (1) pseudomasses (beam thickness: imaging of rectal folds; mirror image: reflection at an intraluminal fluid level); (2) inadequate size of the lesion (mirror image or grating lobes); (3) simulation of malignant infiltration (beam thickness, attenuation or refraction); (4) incomplete field of view (shadowing; reverberation or mirror‐image); (5) confusing echo patterns (side lobe artifacts or mirror image: reflection at the balloon surface). The understanding of the physical properties of ultrasound is the basis for the recognition of these artifacts and prevention of misinterpretation. We present a review of these artifacts and their causes. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transcranial doppler ultrasound assessment of intracranial hemodynamics in children with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Hoffman William H. , Pluta Ryszard M. , Fisher Asma Q. , Wagner Michele B. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe pathophysiology of acute neurological complications of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and adolescents is not completely understood. We sought to establish whether transcranial Doppler (TCD) was able to monitor the changes of cerebral blood flow regulatory mechanisms, as measured by cerebral blood velocities (CBF‐V), Gosling's pulsatility index (PI), and cerebral vascular reactivity (VR), prior to and during treatment of DKA. The increased values of PI suggested an increase of intracranial pressure (ICP) due to the existence of cerebral vasoparalysis, based on the low values of VR prior to treatment and 6 hours after initiation of treatment. At 24 hours, the correction of hematocrit and pH was associated with a significant decrease of PI, suggesting a decrease of ICP, likely due to a return of vascular tone in response to the low PaCO2. This was further supported by an increase of VR in all patients. At 48 hours, when PaCO2 returned to normal, the PI remained low and the VR increased further, suggesting a complete reversal of vasoparalysis and a return of cerebral blood flow regulatory mechanisms. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Microstructural evidence of low‐strain, time‐transgressive subglacial deformation
Authors: Larsen N. K. , Piotrowski J. A. , Menzies J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMicrostructural analyses were used to investigate the formation of a macroscale‐massive till at Knud Strand in Denmark. More than 100 thin sections were examined and microstructures mapped and counted for quantitative comparison and interpretation. Microstructures indicative of both brittle (grain lineations, edge‐to‐edge crushed grains) and ductile (turbate structures) deformation are evenly distributed in vertical profiles through the till, suggesting that strain contributed to its formation. Discrete shears (grain lineations and plasmic fabric) probably accommodated most deformation, whereas rotational deformation was less prominent. The microshear geometry fits the predicted Coulomb–Mohr failure criterion, indicating that till behaves as a plastic material. Strain estimate of ca. 101 from micromorphological proxies is two–three orders of magnitude lower than expected if the till was subjected to pervasive deformation. A hybrid of lodgement and time‐transgressive deformation is envisaged as the till‐forming processes. Our data suggest that even abundant evidence of microscale deformation at continuing high levels of strain may only record the latest process of deposition and deformation and therefore not fully reflect the complexity of till genesis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular cytogenetic characterisation of an interstitial deletion 12p detected by prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Stumm Markus , Klopocki Eva , Gasiorek‐Wiens Adam , Knoll Ute , Wirjadi Deni , Sarioglu Nanette , Wegner Rolf‐Dieter , Tönnies Holger 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectivesDeletions in the short arm of chromosome 12 are rare structural aberrations. Till now only ten patients with interstitial deletions are described in the literature. Here, we report on the first case detected by prenatal diagnosis. Chorionic villi sampling was performed in the 14th week of gestation, indicated by fetal abnormalities detected by ultrasound examination. Conventional cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic techniques were applied to determine the correct karyotype of the affected fetus.ResultsAnalysing Giemsa‐ and QFQ‐stained chromosomes of the CVS short‐term culture, a structural aberrant chromosome 12 was detected. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation with YAC‐probes and CGH analysis with DNA extracted from native chorionic villi proved an interstitial deletion in the aberrant chromosome 12. The GTG‐banded chromosomes of the CVS long‐term culture confirmed these results. Analyses of the parental chromosomal sets yielded normal results, indicating a de novo aberration. Array CGH analysis was performed to determine accurately the deletion breakpoints. Finally, according to ISCN 2005, the karyotype could be determined as 46,XX.arr cgh 12p13.2p11.21(RP11‐77I22→RP11‐144O23)× 1.ConclusionThe presented case shows the power of modern cytogenetic methods, allowing a more detailed diagnosis in affected individuals, and therefore, facilitating a more reliable prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infrared thermographic analysis on copolymerization of spiroorthoester with oxetane
Authors: Nagasawa Tomomi , Ochiai Bungo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInfrared (IR) thermography was employed to monitor temperature changes during the copolymerization of a spiroorthoester monomer with an oxetane monomer initiated with a benzyl sulfonium salt. The temperature changes in the polymerizations decreased with the increase of the initial feed ratios of the spiroorthocarbonate monomer. For instance, the temperature in the copolymerization of the equimolar mixture of both of the monomers increased only ∼1 °C, whereas that in the homopolymerization of the oxetane monomer increased more than 20 °C. This result indicates that the copolymerization employing spiroorthocarbonate monomers effectively suppress temperature increase, which are responsible to shrinkage during cooling. The suppression of polymerization shrinkage by spiroorthocarbonate was also confirmed by density measurement of the polymers using a gas pycnometer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1388–1393, 2007.
Cooperative propagation of local stability changes from low‐stability and high‐stability regions in a SH3 domain
Authors: Casares Salvador , López‐Mayorga Obdulio , Vega M. Cristina , Cámara‐Artigas Ana , Conejero‐Lara Francisco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSite‐directed mutagenesis has been used to produce local stability changes at two regions of the binding site surface of the α‐spectrin SH3 domain (Spc‐SH3) differing in their intrinsic stability. Mutations were made at residue 56, located at the solvent‐exposed side of the short 310 helix, and at residue 21 in the tip of the flexible RT‐loop. NMR chemical‐shift analysis and X‐ray crystallography indicated negligible changes produced by the mutations in the native structure limited to subtle rearrangements near the mutated residue and at flexible loops. Additionally, mutations do not alter importantly the SH3 binding site structure, although produce significant changes in its affinity for a proline‐rich decapeptide. The changes in global stability measured by differential scanning calorimetry are consistent the local energy changes predicted by theoretical models, with the most significant effects observed for the Ala‐Gly mutations. Propagation of the local stability changes throughout the domain structure has been studied at a per‐residue level of resolution by NMR‐detected amide hydrogen–deuterium exchange (HX). Stability propagation is remarkably efficient in this small domain, apparently due to its intrinsically low stability. Nevertheless, the HX‐core of the domain is not fully cooperative, indicating the existence of co‐operative subunits within the core, which is markedly polarized. An equilibrium ϕ‐analysis of the changes in the apparent Gibbs energies of HX per residue produced by the mutations has allowed us to characterize structurally the conformational states leading to HX. Some of these states resemble notably the folding transition state of the Spc‐SH3 domain, suggesting a great potential of this approach to explore the folding energy landscape of proteins. An energy perturbation propagates more effectively from a flexible region to the core than in the opposite direction, because the former affects a broader region of the energy landscape than the latter. This might be of importance in understanding the special thermodynamic signature of the SH3‐peptide interaction and the relevance of the dual character of SH3 binding sites. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Empirical measurement of sustainable welfare from the perspective of extended genuine savings
Authors: Lin Grace T. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe original genuine savings (GS) model started from a concern mainly with unchanged capital: if the stocks of all forms of capital decline through time, welfare will decline, too, eventually leading to unsustainability. In other words, negative GS rates indicate unsustainability. In the context of sustainable development evaluation, however, income distribution and change ofper capitawelfare are two significant dimensions that the GS model has totally ignored and that need to be aptly incorporated into the model. This is because, behind a positive GS ratio, a country still faces other factors such as current income inequality and population growth, which may undermine the enjoyable sustainable welfare. This paper therefore adjusts the GS framework for these reflections and tests its application to the United Kingdom and Taiwan between 1970 and 1998. Our result shows that the United Kingdom has more depressed GS rates and more eminent sustainable welfare loss than Taiwan over the years. This result has been accordant with some prior research claims: many resource‐rich countries have achieved slow or no long‐term improvements in their standards of living. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Release of data from an ongoing randomized clinical trial for sample size adjustment or planning
Authors: Freidlin Boris , Korn Edward L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe determination of an appropriate sample size is a key issue in planning and designing randomized clinical trials. In settings with time‐to‐event or binary outcomes, the required sample size depends on the control‐arm event (response) rate. An accurate estimate of this rate is not often available at the planning stage. Therefore, non‐comparative control‐arm or pooled‐arm event rates from an ongoing trial are sometimes released for sample size adjustment or planning purposes. It is shown that such non‐comparative data release may still contain information on the relative treatment benefit and may thus adversely affect the ongoing trial. A simple approach to minimizing the effect of the data release is suggested. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.