bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cliff Head Intelligent Completion With Coiled Tubing Deployed ESP—Increased Production, Reduced Life-cycle Cost
Authors: Way Chris , Daniel Simon , Bird Elsbeth , Jordan Jason , Guatelli Victor J. , Bettridge Justin M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Cliff Head well design includes multiple, innovative, new technologies in perforating, artificial lift and completion systems. The field development completion solution for this waxy crude includes CT (Coiled Tubing) deployed ESPs (Electric Submersible Pumps) combined with intelligent completion technology including permanent monitoring, multi-zone flow control and zonal isolation capability. The use of CT deployed ESPs potentially provides significant field life-cycle cost reductions by eliminating the need for drilling rig intervention to conduct ESP workovers. The zonal selectivity capability has resulted in demonstrable production enhancements in multiple wells within the early months of production.
This paper reviews the completion design applied to the Cliff Head development, which features multi-zone flow control utilising hydraulic, remotely controlled sleeves and down-hole lubricator valves with multiple packers. The ESP system provides down-hole pressure and temperature monitoring. These features, combined with flowrate, watercut, temperature and pressure monitoring at surface for each well, makes the design a truly complete intelligent solution. The paper continues to present a case study of the deployment operations, including simultaneous completion operations on the drilling rig and CT ESP deployment on the platform.
Improving Organisational Performance Through Our People—Cross-Industry Experiences Shared
Authors: Wiltshire Kevin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Across many industries, frequently organisational performance improvement does not extend beyond enhancements to equipment and production processes.
There has been a renaissance in respect to the realisation of the importance of our people resource, and the way in which our management and development of our teams links to staff retention and increased performance.
This has been particularly prevalent within the automotive as well as other, diverse industries. Our work with the automotive industry, and companies from sectors such as telecommunications, construction, transport, nuclear and financial services, has given us the opportunity to identify ‘best-practice’ in this area.
This paper explores the relevance of cross-industry findings, and relates this to the challenges faced within the offshore arena.
Our experience in this people development area, and the source data on which our paper is based, comes from our work in relation to:
Cultural integration across multi-national organisations
Management of team performance
Alignment of staff objectives with company strategic direction
Staff retention through management styles & motivational techniques
Selection and assessment activities for effective staff recruitment.
This paper brings to the table a perspective from outside of the offshore industry, and provides an insight into the challenges being faced in other industries, relevant to those within the offshore industry. It provides a confirmation that this industry is not alone in the challenges it faces.
Reservoir Candidate Screening: The SURE Way to Successful Under-balanced Drilling Projects in ADCO
Authors: Keshka Ashraf , Rawahi Ali Salem Al , Murawwi Rashed Abdulla Al , Yaaqeeb Khalid Al , Qutob Hani , Boutalbi Said , Villatoro Jaime 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) and its group of companies are considering adapting new technologies to ensure that strategic resources are optimally explored, developed and produced during the life cycle of their oil and gas fields. Underbalanced Drilling (UBD) technology, which can achieve these objectives effectively when applied in conjunction with horizontal drilling techniques, is being considered among various options.
Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations-ADCO, decided to pioneer the introduction of the new technology. A systematic scientific approach was applied to screen thirty reservoirs for underbalanced drilling candidacy, in order to identify the best potential candidates from a given portfolio and to ensure a successful pilot application.
The screening process incorporated reservoir, drilling, and operational data with risk analysis into a rigorous expert system aimed at maximizing the value of any UBD operation. The screening process was performed in two phases;
Phase I comprised of: Evaluating and ranking thirty reservoirs with respect to their risked probability of being successfully exploited with horizontal underbalanced drilling and completion techniques as opposed to conventional drilling and completion techniques.Comparing candidate reservoirs against global database of analogues proven to be suitable with UBD.Selecting the best three candidates for the Phase II detailed reservoir damage analysis and productivity forecast.
Phase II comprised of: Identifying the formation damage mechanisms that are expected to occur in each of the three reservoirs.Comparing underbalanced and overbalanced costs, production rates, projected revenues and net present value.Ranking the three candidates for UBD application.
The paper describes the expert system methodology used in the screening process and the results obtained. The detailed economic analysis presented in Phase II of the study would help ADCO determine the benefit that underbalanced drilling could provide compared to competing conventional drilling & completion technologies.
Dual Subsea Choke Applications for High-Pressure Reservoir Development
Authors: Meng Weihong , Prescott Neal 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
As the petroleum reserve discovery goes deeper in the offshore oil industry, high pressure reserves are discovered. Those wells will produce at very high initial flowing wellhead pressures (&gt; 10,000 psi) and at much lower flowing wellhead pressures after a period of production. This presents a significant challenge for design and operation of the production system, especially, the subsea production choke, being required to have very low flow coefficient (Cv) in early life to restrict flow, and very high Cv in late life to reduce pressure loss. Initially, the pressure across the choke is required to be 5000 psi or higher. Associated with the high pressure loss across the choke, the Joule-Thompson effect will cause much higher temperatures (up to 30-40 °F) at the downstream of the subsea choke compared to non-restricted flow. The elevated temperature challenges the materials of the downstream equipment and the pipelines/risers.
This paper presents an innovative concept — using dual subsea chokes to split the pressure to protect the chokes and improve production operations. The advantages and disadvantages of using dual subsea chokes are presented.
People and Sustainable Development
Authors: Colmer Roger 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Intellectually all those associated with the Exploration and Production business can articulate the critical role that people play in an industry which is risk based and capital intensive. With demographic pressures and fewer students pursuing science and technology in the developed world the criticality of attracting, developing and retaining people is paramount. In the developing world there is often an ample supply of graduates however the challenge of building real capability and experience cannot be underestimated.
Against the background of the global challenges it is proposed that people be viewed much more as a part of sustainable development. The classic sustainable development model, comprising of economics, the environment and the community has people at every level. To achieve the goal of a long term sustainable contribution from the people currently in the industry and those considering joining will take a major shift from some of the development models currently employed.
This paper examines the significance of a competent trained and motivated workforce against the background of the SD principles. The themes developed are based on extensive contact and discussions with both National and International oil and gas companies around the globe. Getenergy as an independent broker of training and development (learning) has gathered a fascinating insight to the challenges, and some of the possible solutions. The concept of building on the model of sustainable development has been raised and tested at many forums around the world and it is felt that bringing it to OE2007 will enhance the debate and help drive the concept forward.
Development of Artificial Neural Networks To Predict Differential Pipe Sticking in Iranian Offshore Oil Fields
Authors: Miri R. , Sampaio J. , Afshar M. , Lourenco A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Differential sticking is known to be influenced by drilling fluid properties and other parameters, such as the characteristics of rock formations. In the past, multivariate statistical analysis techniques and simulated sticking testes using different drilling fluids have been performed to identify and modify parameters that lead to differential pipe sticking in order to minimize or prevent sticking. Recently, an application of neural network methodology to predict differential pipe sticking incidents in Gulf of Mexico has been published by Halliburton1. This paper presents two different types of artificial neural network that can provide solutions for problems associated with differential pipe sticking.
A stuck pipe database was developed with data from 64 side tracked and horizontal wells drilled in reservoir section using oil based and synthetic drilling fluid from different fields in the Persian Gulf. Two three-layers feed forward networks; Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Radial Basis Functions (RBF) with back propagation training algorithm were used to develop stuck pipe predictive models for oil base and synthetic drilling fluid together. Using these models, prediction of the probability of stuck pipe may be undertaken to monitor drilling operations for stuck pipe avoidance. A sensitivity analysis was also done by applying data of different fields separately to identify the parameters that had more effect on tendency to differential pipe sticking. The proposed methodology can be used for optimum drilling fluid design during well development in Persian Gulf, Offshore Iran.
Aberdeen Foyer—Platform to Work
Authors: Mateo Ann , Harris Edel 
Published: December 2007

Background
Aberdeen Foyer is a successful charitable organisation working to prevent and alleviate youth homelessness and unemployment in Aberdeen and Aberdeenshire.
Established in 1995, our organisation:
is a creative and dynamic organisation that works with individuals, staff and partners to seek out new opportunities and embrace new challenges tackles exclusion and promotes equality by helping people equip themselves with the experience and skills needed to realise their potential gives young people in crisis the opportunity to tackle their homelessness and it's causes whilst working towards a more stable and positive future
Aberdeen Foyer's success is built on its ability to deliver innovative, cost-effective solutions and in forging dynamic partnerships with private sector companies, key statutory agencies and other voluntary sector bodies.
CO2 Storage Geomechanics for Performance and Risk Management
Authors: Bérard T. , Jammes L. , Lecampion B. , Vivalda C. , Desroches J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Controlling the trapping of CO2 in the subsurface, i.e. storage containment, is of fundamental importance for a safe geological storage of carbon dioxide. During CO2 injection, increasing fluid pressure, temperature variations, and chemical reactions between fluids and rocks inherently affect the state of stress inside the reservoir and in its surroundings. Besides, the mechanical properties of the rocks exposed to CO2 may be altered. The impact of the resulting deformations on seal integrity must therefore be assessed in order to properly manage containment performance and leakage-incurred risks.
The analysis starts with the construction and the calibration of a Mechanical Earth Model of the site, through joint analysis of geologic, seismic, logging, drilling, and laboratory test data. Such a model consistently describes ambient stresses, fluid pressures, and poro-mechanical and strength properties of the formations. It is linked to a reservoir model to achieve initial equilibrium and also to further simulate the coupled transport, chemical and mechanical processes occurring during CO2 injection operations and the subsequent re-equilibration. The predicted stress path allows the evaluation of the mechanical stability of both cap-rock and faults (which may bound the reservoir, penetrate the cap-rock or intercept wells). The stability of wells in formations experiencing strain is also investigated.
In addition, an accurate Mechanical Earth Model contributes to optimizing well construction and stimulation operations. Profiles of stresses and mechanical properties along a planned-well trajectory allow designing a drilling operation that will maximize subsequent hydraulic isolation of the well by optimizing the wellbore condition. Similar information along existing wells helps to control hydro-fracture propagation when injectivity enhancement is required.
The Mechanical Earth Model can be used to develop operating envelopes for well placement, hydraulic fracturing, and CO2 injection that best ensure containment while achieving injectivity and capacity requirements.
Building Complex Structural Frameworks
Authors: Hoffman K. S. , Neave J. W. , Nilsen E. H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The technical and economic challenges of exploring and producing in deepwater environments require that risk and uncertainty be reduced as much as possible. One of the major contributors to uncertainty – and therefore risk – is creating a sound structural framework. Sophisticated geostatistical techniques are commonly used to create facies and petrophysical models which are used for analyzing uncertainty and making reservoir management decisions, but the underlying structural frameworks often do not correctly portray the true structure. Current methodologies have limitations to the types of fault intersections, the number of faults that realistically can be modeled, and/or the type of grid that can be generated from the reservoir model.
The structural framework is often a compromise between the actual structure and what the modeling system allows, particularly in areas with large numbers of Y-intersections, low angle faults, or reverse faults. We have developed a new technique for structural framework building that takes a unique approach to constructing the initial fault model, where fault relationships and intersections are easily defined and controlled.
This technique does not have limitations to the types of fault intersections nor to the number of faults which may be included in a reservoir model, and provides the tools to build a reservoir grid using these complex fault intersections. When the structural framework more accurately represents the interpretation, subsequent calculations such as reserve estimates, analysis of structural uncertainty, or well placement can be made with more confidence.
The simplicity of building and editing the fault relationships, creating the stratigraphic model, and building the reservoir grid means that an asset team can easily update a model, test different interpretations, and use the model for both geologic and engineering applications.
New Downhole Fluid Analyzer Tool for Improved Reservoir Characterization
Authors: Dong C. , O'Keefe M. , Elshahawi H. , Hashem M. , Williams S. , Stensland D. , Hegeman P. , Vasques R. , Terabayashi T. , Mullins O. , Donzier E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) has emerged as a key technique for characterizing the distribution of reservoir fluid properties and determining zonal connectivity across the reservoir. Information from profiling the reservoir fluids enables sealing barriers to be proven and compositional grading to be quantified; this information cannot be obtained from conventional wireline logs. The DFA technique has been based largely on optical spectroscopy, which can provide estimates of filtrate contamination, gas/oil ratio (GOR), pH of formation water, and a hydrocarbon composition in four groups: methane (C1), ethane to pentane (C2-5), hexane and heavier hydrocarbons (C6+), and carbon dioxide (CO2). For single-phase assurance it is possible to detect gas liberation (bubble point) or liquid dropout (dew point) while pumping reservoir fluid to the wellbore, before filling a sample bottle.
In this paper, a new DFA tool is introduced which greatly increases the accuracy of these measurements. The tool uses a grating spectrometer in combination with a filter-array spectrometer. The range of compositional information is extended from four groups to five groups: methane (C1), ethane (C2), propane to pentane (C3-5), C6+, and CO2. These spectrometers, together with improved compositional algorithms, now make possible a quantitative analysis of reservoir fluid with much greater accuracy and repeatability. This accuracy enables comparison of fluid properties between wells for the first time, thus extending the application of fluid profiling from a single well to multi-well. Field-based fluid characterization is now possible.
In addition a new measurement is introduced — in-situ density of reservoir fluid. Measuring this property downhole at reservoir conditions of pressure and temperature provides important advantages over surface measurements. The density sensor is combined in a package that includes the optical spectrometers, fluid resistivity, pressure, temperature, and fluorescence measurements that all play a vital role in determining the exact nature of the reservoir fluid.
Extensive tests at a pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) laboratory are presented to illustrate sensor response in a large number of live fluid samples. These tests of known fluid compositions were conducted under pressurized and heated conditions to emulate reservoir conditions. In addition several field examples are presented to illustrate applicability in different environments.
Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Reservoir Data in Sand Prediction Studies: The Combination of Numerical and Geological Analysis
Authors: Webster Craig M. , Taylor Philip G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The methodology for predicting sand production is in general constant across the industry. That is the determination of formation strength and field stresses and the application of them to a failure model. However, the variety of models available and their applicability and accuracy can be confusing with the results not always representing what is experienced under production conditions.
This paper introduces a more holistic approach to sand production prediction which not only utilises numerical analysis, but also includes a qualitative approach using geological information. With respect to the numerical analysis the determination of various parameters used in modelling sand production and their effectiveness for different reservoir and production conditions is discussed. An overview of the various tests considered useful in calibrating these parameters is also presented. The geological approach discusses the impact of mineralogical, depositional, structural and diagenetic factors which can impact on the propensity for sand, but which are not fully taken into account by a purely numerical approach.
The advantages and disadvantages of each of these aspects are presented and synergies identified between numerical and qualitative analysis. Case histories are presented which show that each of these methodologies, when used independently, can present dissimilar results. This may ultimately lead to recommendations which can result in costly operations and unnecessary equipment deployment. However, when numerical modelling and geological methods are used in conjunction with one another, the results present a more realistic and practical view of the formation sands and their potential for solids production during the life of the well.
Understanding Reported Skills Shortages in Geophysics, Subsurface, and Subsea— A Case Study Example of the Developing Paradigm within the Oil and Gas Industry of Using a Dynamic and Holistic Model to Address the Issues Affecting the Ability to Build and Sustain its Workforce Talent Pool
Authors: Thomas A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Oil and gas operators and their suppliers reported skills shortages in the key occupations of geologists, geophysicists and subsurface/reservoir engineering. Subsea UK also reported deficiencies for highly qualified and experienced engineers.
The lead time to "produce" an appropriate individual (right technical degree, additional expertise etc) for the operator and subsea sectors requires long term planning based on sound information and intelligence.
The objectives of the research were to:
Understand the key factors, which contribute to identified problems of the availability of people to carry out jobs/roles in geology, geophysics and subsea engineering. Evaluate the current provision within the learning supply chain; capacity; capability and current action. Assimilate information from employers and learning providers such that recommendations can be made to improve agreed issues and challenges.

Summary of the Findings
Companies reported that the problem was less to do with new graduates, in many cases small numbers of first-degree qualified graduates are recruited, and more about:
The difficultly in finding people with 5 years plus experience and filling senior positions. The need for graduates with "critical thinking" and "problem quantification and defining skills" as well as excellent technical knowledge. Super Majors and large contractors undertaking global recruitment, which mitigates their dependence on UK graduates but has repercussions for university departments. Smaller companies experience problems recruiting for UKCS at all levels. Specific issues facing subsea.

Recommendations
For Upstream Oil and Gas to sustain its core areas of exploration and production will require an agreed and sustainable plan.
The issues which can be directly affected by the industry, can be grouped into: