bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection for resistance to methoxyfenozide and 20‐hydroxyecdysone in cells of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Mosallanejad Hadi , Soin Thomas , Smagghe Guy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this report with an ecdysteroid‐responsive cell line of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Se4) selection for resistance against methoxyfenozide and the insect moulting hormone (20‐hydroxyecdysone, 20E) was carried out to analyze the resulting resistant cells in order to elucidate possible mechanisms of resistance towards these compounds. From these cultures, five methoxyfenozide‐ and four 20E‐resistant subclones were selected starting from 0.1 nM methoxyfenozide up to 100 μM and from 10 nM 20E up to 100 μM, respectively. To date, the selected cells kept their loss of susceptibility for 100 μM. Here we evaluated two processes known to be important in insecticide resistance, namely metabolism and pharmacokinetics, in the selected methoxyfenozide‐ and 20E‐resistant subclones. Synergism experiments with piperonyl butoxide, S,S,S‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate, and diethyl maleate, which are respective inhibitors of monooxygenases, esterases, and gluthation‐S‐transferases, did not affect the level of the resistance. To check the possible existence of active transport in the resistant cells, we used ouabain, an inhibitor of active membrane transport. In parallel, the absorption profile was studied in resistant and susceptible cells with use of 14C‐methoxyfenozide. Interestingly, resistant subclones showed cross‐resistance towards methoxyfenozide and 20E. The resistance was irreversible even after the compounds were removed from the medium. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of 884 MHz GSM wireless communication signals on headache and other symptoms: An experimental provocation study
Authors: Hillert Lena , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Lowden Arne , Wiholm Clairy , Kuster Niels , Ebert Sven , Boutry Clementine , Moffat Scott Douglas , Berg Mats , Arnetz Bengt Birger 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFindings from prior studies of possible health and physiological effects from mobile phone use have been inconsistent. Exposure periods in provocation studies have been rather short and personal characteristics of the participants poorly defined. We studied the effect of radiofrequency field (RF) on self‐reported symptoms and detection of fields after a prolonged exposure time and with a well defined study group including subjects reporting symptoms attributed to mobile phone use. The design was a double blind, cross‐over provocation study testing a 3‐h long GSM handset exposure versus sham. The study group was 71 subjects age 18–45, including 38 subjects reporting headache or vertigo in relation to mobile phone use (symptom group) and 33 non‐symptomatic subjects. Symptoms were scored on a 7‐point Likert scale before, after 1½ and 2¾ h of exposure. Subjects reported their belief of actual exposure status. The results showed that headache was more commonly reported after RF exposure than sham, mainly due to an increase in the non‐symptom group. Neither group could detect RF exposure better than by chance. A belief that the RF exposure had been active was associated with skin symptoms. The higher prevalence of headache in the non‐symptom group towards the end of RF exposure justifies further investigation of possible physiological correlates. The current study indicates a need to better characterize study participants in mobile phone exposure studies and differences between symptom and non‐symptom groups. Bioelectromagnetics 29:185–196, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A developmental approach to violence, hostile attributions, and paranoid thinking in adolescence
Authors: Bailey Susan , Whittle Nathan , Farnworth Paulette , Smedley Kirsty 
Published: November 2007

AbstractResearch within the area of paranoid thinking has focused primarily on adults and has only recently looked at the effects during the critical life stage of adolescence, with even less research in the context of the juvenile justice system. This article aims to explore the relationship between antisocial behaviour in adolescence and the development of paranoid thinking, set within wider contexts that surround the juvenile justice system. The information presented is drawn from both the current research and the clinical experiences of those working in adolescent forensic psychiatry services. The relationships with other disorders such as conduct disorder, ADHD, PTSD, and depression are also explored. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patent foramen ovale and unexplained ischemic cerebrovascular events in children
Authors: Benedik Mirjana Perkovič , Zaletel Marjan , Meglič Nuška Pečarič , Podnar Tomaž 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectives:To consider the role of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in ischemic cerebrovascular event of unknown cause in children.Background:Data regarding the possibility of paradoxical embolism in unexplained ischemic cerebrovascular event in children are lacking.Methods:Between January 2005 and March 2007, all consecutive children evaluated due to ischemic cerebrovascular event were included in the retrospective study. In addition to the standard diagnostic protocol, a contrast transcranial Doppler (TCD) with Valsalva maneuver (VM) was performed in patients with unexplained events. Percutaneous PFO closure was offered to all patients with ischemic cerebrovascular event of unknown cause and presumed paradoxical embolism.Results:Eighteen patients aged between 2 and 17 years (median 11.5 years) were included in the study: 12 patients suffered ischemic stroke and six with transient ischemic attack (TIA). In six patients, ischemic stroke was of unknown cause and contrast TCD with VM was positive in four of them. In addition, TCD study was positive in five patients evaluated because of TIA. Nine patients with presumed paradoxical embolism underwent an attempt at the percutaneous PFO closure.Conclusions:It appears that the role of PFO in ischemic cerebrovascular event of unknown cause in children may be underestimated. Contrast TCD with VM is a sensitive, noninvasive method for PFO detection, proved in our experience particularly suitable for children. In children with unexplained ischemic cerebrovascular event and presumed paradoxical embolism, percutaneous PFO closure should be considered. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coaxial double catheter technique followed by buddy wire placement for ostial lesion of right coronary artery with anterior take‐off
Authors: Furuichi Shinichi , Sangiorgi Giuseppe M. , Colombo Antonio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis report describes a technique for percutaneous coronary intervention in an ostial lesion with difficult take‐off utilising an 8F guiding catheter and a 5F 125 cm‐long diagnostic catheter followed by buddy wire placement. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spider‐Like Oligothiophenes
Authors: Benincori Tiziana , Capaccio Marcello , De Angelis Filippo , Falciola Luigi , Muccini Michele , Mussini Patrizia , Ponti Alessandro , Toffanin Stefano , Traldi Pietro , Sannicolò Francesco 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCareful analysis and comparison of optical and electrochemical data available in recent literature for multi‐thiophene molecular assemblies suggested a few basic rules for the design of structurally simple and easily accessible oligothiophenes endowed with properties not far from those exhibited by much more complex and synthetically demanding architectures. The synthesis and computational investigation of three examples of a class of oligothiophenes (spider‐like) tailored according to these indications are reported together with their exhaustive optical and electrochemical characterization. The new compounds (T95, T146, T197) are characterized by a thiophene, a 2,2′‐bithiophene and a 2,2′,5′,2′′‐terthiophene unit (the spider body) fully substituted with 5‐(2,2′‐bithiophen)yl pendants (the spider legs). Absorption and electrochemical data are in good agreement and point to a high π‐conjugation level, comparable to those displayed by much larger assemblies. Electrode potential cycling in proximity of the first oxidation peak affords fast and reproducible formation of conducting, highly stable [TXn]m films, mainly consisting of dimers (m=2). Electrooxidation kinetic experiments on deuterium‐labelled T95, coupled to laser‐desorption‐ionization mass spectroscopy on the resulting dimer demonstrated that the coupling process is extremely regioselective in the α positions of the more conjugated pentathiophene chain. The optical and the electrochemical properties of the films are reported and discussed. A peculiar feature is their impressive charge‐trapping ability. Spider‐like oligothiophenes are promising materials for applications as active layers in multifunctional organic devices.
Ultrasensitive Fluorescent Responses of Water‐Soluble, Zwitterionic, Boronic Acid‐Bearing, Regioregular Head‐to‐Tail Polythiophene to Biological Species
Authors: Xue Cuihua , Cai Feifei , Liu Haiying 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWater‐soluble regioregular head‐to‐tail zwitterionic fluorescent conjugated boronic acid‐bearing polythiophene (polymer 2) was prepared through a postpolymerization quaternization of a pyridine group of 3‐pyridineboronic acid with bromide groups of regioregular head‐to‐tail poly(3‐bromohexylthiophene) (polymer 1). Titration of monosaccharides, lactose, ascorbic acid, or dopamine with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), containing 4.0 μM of polymer 2, results in significant concentration‐dependent quenching of the polymer fluorescence. The polymer displays an optimum response to the biological species at pH 7.0. The binding constants of polymer 2 with mannose, fructose, glucose, galactose, vitamin C, dopamine, and lactose are 3.33×104, 1.13×105, 1.23×105, 1.69×105, 3.17×105, 3.27×105, and 4.60×105, respectively.
Nitric oxide regulates axonal regeneration in an insect embryonic CNS
Authors: Stern Michael , Bicker Gerd 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn higher vertebrates, the central nervous system (CNS) is unable to regenerate after injury, at least partially because of growth‐inhibiting factors. Invertebrates lack many of these negative regulators, allowing us to study the positive factors in isolation. One possible molecular player in neuronal regeneration is the nitric oxide (NO)—cyclic guanosine‐monophosphate (cGMP) transduction pathway which is known to regulate axonal growth and neural migration. Here, we present an experimental model in which we study the effect of NO on CNS regeneration in flat‐fillet locust embryo preparations in culture after crushing the connectives between abdominal ganglia. Using whole‐mount immunofluorescence, we examine the morphology of identified serotonergic neurons, which send a total of four axons through these connectives. After injury, these axons grow out again and reach the neighboring ganglion within 4 days in culture. We quantify the number of regenerating axons within this period and test the effect of drugs that interfere with NO action. Application of exogenous NO or cGMP promotes axonal regeneration, whereas scavenging NO or inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase delays regeneration, an effect that can be rescued by application of external cGMP. NO‐induced cGMP immunostaining confirms the serotonergic neurons as direct targets for NO. Putative sources of NO are resolved using the NADPH‐diaphorase technique. We conclude that NO/cGMP promotes outgrowth of regenerating axons in an insect embryo, and that such embryo‐culture systems are useful tools for studying CNS regeneration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Hox genes and the regulation of movement in Drosophila
Authors: Dixit Richa , VijayRaghavan K. , Bate Michael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMany animals show regionally specialized patterns of movement along the body axis. In vertebrates, spinal networks regulate locomotion, while the brainstem controls movements of respiration and feeding. Similarly, amongst invertebrates diversification of appendages along the body axis is tied to the performance of characteristically different movements such as those required for feeding, locomotion, and respiration. Such movements require locally specialized networks of nerves and muscles. Here we use the regionally differentiated movements of larval crawling in Drosophila to investigate how the formation of a locally specialized locomotor network is genetically determined. By loss and gain of function experiments we show that particular Hox gene functions are necessary and sufficient to dictate the formation of a neuromuscular network that orchestrates the movements of peristaltic locomotion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Organophosphorus pesticide exposure decreases sperm quality: association between sperm parameters and urinary pesticide levels
Authors: Recio‐Vega Rogelio , Ocampo‐Gómez Guadalupe , Borja‐Aburto Victor H. , Moran‐Martínez Javier , Cebrian‐Garcia Mariano E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that human semen quality has declined over the past decades and some of them have associated it with occupational exposure to pesticides. However, most of these studies have not been associated with a reliable exposure level and have been designed mostly as cross‐sectional studies. The present work evaluates, in a longitudinal follow‐up study, the effect of organophosphate pesticides (OP) at three occupational exposure levels on semen quality. In addition, the study examined the association between OP urinary levels and sperm parameters in exposed and unexposed workers. A total of 139 semen samples from 52 volunteers were assessed. Urinary OP levels were measured by gas‐liquid chromatography.The results revealed that the poorest semen quality was found among the subjects with the highest OP exposure and the highest urinary OP levels. Seasonal variations in sperm concentration and sperm count were registered.The results showed a significant decrease in total sperm count among subjects with the highest exposure to OP. Further studies assessing the effects of OP on male reproductive health should be controlled by the variability in human sperm parameters, sperm seasonality, spermatogenesis time and the changing OP exposure level in men highly exposed to OP. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced expression of MAb6B4 epitopes on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan aggrecan in perineuronal nets from cerebral cortices of SAMP10 mice: A model for age‐dependent neurodegeneration
Authors: Saitoh Yuko , Matsui Fumiko , Chiba Yoichi , Kawamura Noriko , Keino Hiromi , Satoh Mamoru , Kumagai Naoko , Ishii Sanae , Yoshikawa Keisuke , Shimada Atsuyoshi , Maeda Nobuaki , Oohira Atsuhiko , Hosokawa Masanori 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe accelerated senescence‐prone SAMP10 mouse strain is a model for age‐dependent neurodegeneration and is characterized by brain atrophy and deficits in learning and memory. Because perineuronal nets play an important role in the synaptic plasticity of adult brains, we examined the distributions of molecules that constitute perineuronal nets in SAMP10 mouse brain samples and compared them with those in control SAMR1 mouse samples. Proteoglycan‐related monoclonal antibody 6B4 (MAb6B4) clearly immunostained perineuronal nets in SAMR1 mice cortices, but the corresponding immunostaining in SAMP10 mice was very faint. MAb6B4 recognizes phosphacan/PTPζ in immature brains. However, this antibody recognized several protein bands, including a 400‐kDa core glycoprotein from chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in homogenates of mature cortices from SAMR1 mice. The 400‐kDa band was also recognized by antiaggrecan antibodies. The aggrecan core glycoprotein band was also detectable in samples from SAMP10 mice, but this glycoprotein was faintly immunostained by MAb6B4. Because MAb6B4 recognized the same set of protein bands that the monoclonal antibody Cat‐315 recognized in mature cerebral cortices of SAMR1 mice, the MAb6B4 epitope appears to be closely related to that of Cat‐315 and presumably represents a novel type of oligosaccharide that attaches to aggrecans. The Cat‐315 epitope colocalized with aggrecan in perineuronal nets from SAMR1 mouse brain samples, whereas its expression was prominently reduced in SAMP10 mouse brain samples. The biological significance of the MAb6B4/Cat‐315 epitope in brain function and its relationship to the neurodegeneration and learning disabilities observed in SAMP10 mice remain to be elucidated. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormal vibration‐induced illusion of movement in idiopathic focal dystonia: An endophenotypic marker?
Authors: Frima Nafsika , Nasir Jamal , Grünewald Richard A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe frequency of symptomatic dystonia in relatives of patients with idiopathic focal dystonia (IFD) is higher than expected from epidemiologic studies implying that genetic factors may be involved. Perception of the vibration‐induced illusion of movement (VIIM) is subnormal in patients with IFD compared with healthy volunteers and the abnormality corrects with volitional fatigue of the vibrated arm. The aim of the study was to establish the heritability of the abnormality of VIIM. The perception of illusion of movement elicited by vibration of the biceps brachii tendon before and after fatigue of the muscles was investigated in 30 patients with torticollis, 57 of their first degree relatives, and 19 healthy volunteers. VIIM did not change after fatigue in healthy controls. Before fatiguing the muscles, patients' perception of VIIM was less than healthy controls, (P < 0.01, unpaired t‐test). After fatigue, the illusion of movement perceived by patients increased, so that it did not differ any more from that of the healthy control subjects (P < 0.05, repeated measures ANOVA). First degree relatives' response to vibration varied; 45% of parents, 60.7% of siblings, and 63.6% of children had an “abnormal” response to vibration compared with 21% of healthy volunteers. In contrast to patients' response, the “abnormality” did not correct after volitional fatigue of the vibrated arm. The results suggest that abnormal VIIM may represent an endophenotypic marker for IFD, which interacts with other factors including central motor learning and compensation mechanisms in the expression of the dystonic phenotype. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Relationships between MR transverse relaxation parameters R, R2 and R and hepatic iron content in thalassemic mice at 1.5 T and 3 T
Authors: Song Ruitian , Lin Wei , Chen Qiukan , Asakura Toshio , Wehrli Felix W. , Song Hee Kwon 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAssessment of hepatic iron concentration is important in the management of patients with thalassemia. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationships between the three MR transverse relaxation rates, R, R2, and R, and hepatic iron content in a mouse model of thalassemia at 1.5 and 3 T field strengths. A GESFIDE (gradient‐echo sampling of free induction decay and echo) pulse sequence was used to measure the three parameters efficiently in a single scan in a study examining the livers of normal and thalassemic mice, including a subgroup of the latter that were subjected to periodic transfusions. The results showed that R, R2 and R all correlated closely with liver iron concentration at both 1.5 T and 3 T, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.72 to 0.79. High degrees of correlation (r = 0.93–0.99) were also observed among the three MR parameters at both field strengths. It can be concluded that the three rates could all be effective for assessing hepatic iron concentration and that imaging at higher fields may not offer any advantages over that at lower fields. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Models and heuristics for a minimum arborescence problem
Authors: Duhamel Christophe , Gouveia Luis , Moura Pedro , Souza Mauricio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Minimum Arborescence problem (MAP) consists of finding a minimum cost arborescence in a directed graph. This problem is NP‐Hard and is a generalization of two well‐known problems: the Minimum Spanning Arborescence Problem (MSAP) and the Directed Node Weighted Steiner Tree Problem (DNWSTP). We start the model presentation in this paper by describing four models for the MSAP (including two new ones, using so called “connectivity” constraints which forbid disconnected components) and we then describe the changes induced on the polyhedral structure of the problem by the removal of the spanning property. Only two (the two new ones) of the four models for the MSAP remain valid when the spanning property is removed. We also describe a multicommodity flow reformulation for the MAP that differs from well‐known multicommodity flow reformulations in the sense that the flow conservation constraints at source and destination are replaced by inequalities. We show that the linear programming relaxation of this formulation is equivalent to the linear programming relaxation of the best of the two previous valid formulations and we also propose two Lagrangean relaxations based on the multicommodity flow reformulation. From the upper bound perspective, we describe a constructive heuristic as well as a local search procedure involving the concept of key path developed earlier for the Steiner Tree Problem. Numerical experiments taken from instances with up to 400 nodes are used to evaluate the proposed methods. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2008
Anti‐PSMA immunotoxin as novel treatment for prostate cancer? High and specific antitumor activity on human prostate xenograft tumors in SCID mice
Authors: Wolf Philipp , Alt Karen , Bühler Patrick , Katzenwadel Arndt , Wetterauer Ulrich , Tacke Marlene , Elsässer‐Beile Ursula 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDExpression of the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly restricted to prostate epithelial cells. Therefore, toxin‐based immunotherapy against this antigen may represent an alternative therapeutic option for prostate cancer. For these purposes, the effects of the recombinant anti‐PSMA immunotoxin A5‐PE40 on prostate tumor growth were investigated in vitro and in vivo.METHODSThe in vitro binding and cytotoxicity of A5‐PE40 were tested on the PSMA‐expressing prostate cancer cell line C4‐2 and on the PSMA‐negative cell line DU145 by flow cytometry and WST assays. The binding of the immunotoxin to SCID mouse xenografts and to various mouse organs was examined by Western blot analysis. In vivo, the antitumor activity of the immunotoxin was tested by injecting A5‐PE40 in mice bearing C4‐2 or DU145 xenografts.RESULTSIn vitro, a specific binding of A5‐PE40 to C4‐2 cells could be shown with a concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity (IC50 value = 220 pM). In the next step, a specific binding of the immunotoxin to C4‐2 xenografts could be demonstrated. In contrast, no binding on mouse organs expressing high homologous mouse PSMA was found. The treatment of mice with C4‐2 tumors caused a significant inhibition of tumor growth in vivo, whereas DU145 xenografts remained totally unaffected.CONCLUSIONSA5‐PE40 represents a recombinant anti‐PSMA immunotoxin with potent antitumor activity in mice bearing human prostate cancer xenograft tumors. Therefore, A5‐PE40 could be a promising candidate for therapeutic applications in patients with prostate cancer. Prostate 68: 129–138, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.