bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGU's stand on FY92 budget
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

For the second year in a row, AGU has formally added its voice to the debate in Congress on President George Bush's federal budget request. The position statement, approved by a vote of the AGU Council, addresses general policy issues affecting geophysical research and offers specific comments on the budgets of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Department of Energy.At the recommendation of AGU's Public Affairs Committee, AGU President Brent Dalrymple approved the formation of a panel, headed by Frank Eden, to draft the Union's position statement. The final version of the position was approved by the AGU Council on May 1.
NSF budget clears Senate hurdle
Authors: Jones Richard 
Published: October 2006

At one of the two most important hearings on the National Science Foundation's budget request for FY 1992, held April 24, there was little to suggest that the Senate VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies subcommittee—chaired by Barbara Mikulski (D‐Md.)—will make any dramatic changes in the agency's allotment.NSF director Walter Massey reviewed the foundation's budget request, up 17.5% over this year's, but he provoked little discussion about the portions for research and related activities. Mikulski was particularly interested in indirect cost rates and in facility modernization, especially at smaller colleges.
Margins: A new conceptual approach to continental margin research
Authors: Mutter John 
Published: October 2006

The geology of continents is to a large degree the geology of continental margins. The margins mark the site where materials that form major components of the continental crust are distilled from Earth's mantle and where continents grow through plate interactions that progressively incorporate these margins into the continental mass.Much of the continents consists of the remnants of ancient margins that offer an extensive and detailed record of continental evolution over time and space. Knowledge of this record is essential for understanding processes of global change, their diversity, and long‐term history. Unraveling this record is one of the major challenges in modern Earth sciences.
Tackling science's distress
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

If arguments for limiting support for science continue to dominate the public discourse about science, “we will be talking our way into scientific decline,” said Frank Press, president of the National Academy of Sciences, to the academy's annual meeting on April 30. Press is the latest in a number of prominent figures on the Washington science scene, from George E. Brown, Jr. (D‐Calif.), chairman of the House Science Committee, to Mary L. Good, head of the National Science Board, to take stock of the U.S. science enterprise.Press lauded President Bush's current budget request for science, calling it the best one in recent years. The new federal budget caps, however, provide a counterweight by creating a “fixed pie” for spending. Added to this, the university science community is in severe distress, Press said, suffering from outmoded laboratories, rising costs, budget cuts, and new and expensive government regulations, among other burdens. The budget caps also force federally funded laboratories and universities to compete with each other for support.
Senate handles NASA gently—So far
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

“When we ask these tough questions today, know that they're so we can really argue the case of NASA,” Senator Barbara Mikulski (D‐Md.) told Richard Truly, administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, on May 8 as she opened a succinct and generally friendly hearing on NASA's budget. The gentle tone of Mikulski and most of the subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies that she chairs was in striking contrast to the contentious reception Truly and Space Station Freedom got the previous week from a House committee.Evidently prepared for another possible confrontation, the NASA head brought along enough of his top staff to fill the first two rows of the hearing room, but he faced mostly supportive senators. Mikulski pledged to be “a very strong advocate for the NASA core.” Ranking minority member Jake Garn (R‐Utah) was also positive about NASA, while calling upon President Bush to lobby personally for his generous NASA request.
Hydrology of Ice Caps in Volcanic Regions
Authors: Fountain Andrew 
Published: October 2006

Hydrology of Ice Caps in Volcanic Regions actually concerns itself with the hydrology of two ice caps in Iceland rather than the global topic the title implies. However, the unique condition in Iceland—an ice cap resting between two diverging plates of the Earth's crust—provides an excellent location to study ice‐volcano and ice‐geothermal interactions.An important motivation for this work, as for any of the glaciological studies in Iceland, is to understand the mechanics of glacier outburst floods (Jökulhlaups) that result from the release of large volumes of water stored at the base of the ice caps. Although outburst floods may be common to all glaciers, the magnitudes of the floods from Icelandic ice caps dwarf the historic outburst floods from other glaciers and are the largest glacier outburst floods in historic times, usually exceeding 1 km3 and occasionally exceeding 5 km3! The peak water discharge during these events can reach 40,000 m3/s, which exceeds the average flow of the Mississippi River. Considering that these floods occur every 2'10 years and cause havoc to transportation routes (the Icelanders will not live in flood plains), an understanding of how these floods develop is extremely important.
EOS Panel begins review
Authors: Cole Stephen 
Published: October 2006

Charged with “assessing alternatives for the implementation of the Earth Observing System,” a NASA‐appointed panel of scientists and engineers began their investigation of the multibillion dollar program last month with a meeting at NASA Headquarters in Washington. The Earth Observing System (EOS) Engineering Review Advisory Committee, chaired by Edward A. Frieman, director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, heard from Administration officials, NASA managers, and EOS project personnel on May 30–31.The committee was created at the request of the Bush administration to evaluate NASA's current plans for the series of satellites, EOS‐A and EOS‐B, scheduled to begin operation in 1998. The committee's primary emphasis is to review the engineering aspects of the program, including platform size, instrument configuration, and launch options. A final report is expected by September 30.
UNAVCO and UCAR join forces
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The University Navstar Consortium, an Earth sciences research group using satellites for scientific surveying and positioning applications, will join the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research on October 1, 1991.UNAVCO has 32 members, both U.S. and foreign university and research institutions, who are interested in or engaged in using the Navstar Global Positioning System satellites for scientific research. UNAVCO's goal is to encourage and support the optimum productivity of scientific research using GPS. The UNAVCO facility offers a complete support program for investigators including assistance in planning, training, equipment, shipping, insurance, customs, field operations, technical troubleshooting, data management, analysis, and archiving. UNAVCO also serves as an advocate for the academic research community in dealings with government and industry regarding the scientific use of GPS. UNAVCO is sponsored principally by the National Science Foundation's Earth Sciences Division.
Pinatubo cloud measured
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Satellite observations of the aerosol cloud produced by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines on June 15 indicate that, in terms of sulfur dioxide emissions, the eruption may be as much as two times larger than the El Chichon eruption in Mexico in April 1982, making Pinatubo possibly the largest eruption of the century. Ten days after the initial eruption, the aerosol cloud formed a nearly continuous band that stretched 11,000 km from Indonesia to Central Africa. Timely evacuations saved many lives on Luzon Island, but the combined effects of the eruption and a typhoon killed more than 300 people.The following report on the eruption and its atmospheric effects was provided by the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Network. All times are local (= UT + 8 hours).
Maurice Ewing sails
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The new 239‐foot research vessel, Maurice Ewing, owned by Columbia University's Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, N.Y., sailed July 6 on its first mission, a marine geological and geophysical study to explore midocean ridges in the Greenland/Norwegian Sea. Later this year, the ship will move to the South Atlantic and then to the Antarctic peninsula area for multichannel seismic and other geophysical studies. With capacity for 30 scientists and generous laboratory space, the ship will be able to operate for extensive periods at sea in remote and polar regions.Planned missions of the Ewing will include investigating in detail the oceanic processes of the formation and spreading of ocean floor crust from volcanic ridge centers; the circulation of water, heat and chemicals throughout the world's oceans; the absorption of greenhouse and radioactive gases by the oceans; and the biological cycles of phytoplankton populations that bloom and die.
USGS volcano hazards program saved lives
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Rapid response to potentially disastrous volcanic eruptions at Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines was one of the major recent accomplishments of the U.S. Geological Survey's Volcano Hazards Program. Although about 300 lives were lost, early alert systems can be credited with saving the lives of about 200,000 residents who were successfully evacuated.Coordinated by Peter W. Lipman of USGS, Menlo Park, Calif., the goal of the Volcano Hazards Program is to reduce the loss of life, property, and natural resources that can result from volcanic eruptions, the threat of eruptions, and related geologic and hydrologic events.
Magellan data to be released soon
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Data from the Magellan spacecraft's radar imaging of Venus should begin flowing to “very thirsty” planetary researchers soon, according to a number of scientists inside and outside NASA. Some researchers have criticized the slow pace of data release, which project officials attribute to technical glitches in the data handling.“The firehose is now open” for data release, according to Joe Boyce, NASA program scientist for Magellan. “It's just a fantastic data set.” Data from the “first cycle primary mission”—the first global mapping results—should all be released over the next four to five months, he said.
Global Change Fellowships awarded
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

After a detailed review process, 60 individuals were chosen to receive NASA Graduate Student Fellowships in Global Change Research for the 1991–92 academic year. The recipients represent 37 academic institutions from 23 states and 12 countries. The research topics of the new fellows fall into five basic categories: biogeochemical dynamics, climate and hydrological systems, ecological system and dynamics, and solid Earth processes.The Global Change Fellowship program was created to provide financial support for graduate students to pursue advanced degrees in the Earth sciences. The program trains a pool of scientists to help analyze and interpret the wealth of data generated during the Earth Observing System era. Initiated in 1990, the fellowship program was originally envisioned to scale up to fund 150 graduate students prior to the launch of the first EOS program, and to remain at that level during the life of the EOS mission. Due to the overwhelming response over its first two years, the program has already achieved 65% of this commitment.
Will new rules hinder federal scientists?
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Proposed new ethics rules would circumscribe the participation of government employees in scientific societies such as AGU, although it is not yet clear to what extent (see Eos, Aug. 13, 1991).The rules, entitled “Standards of Conduct for Employees of the Executive Branch,” aim to establish uniform ethics guidelines for all executive agencies. Current regulations vary slightly from one agency to the next. The new rules have been proposed by the Office of Government Ethics, a small, independent agency that was part of the Office of Personnel Management until recently. The ethics office also interprets conflict of interest statutes and reviews the financial statements of presidential appointees.
Major eruption reported in Chile
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Hudson, a volcano in southern Chile (45.90°S, 72.96°W), erupted on August 12 after four days of lesser explosive activity. Tephra was ejected to 16–18 km height, falling up to 1,000 km away on the Falkland Islands, and with estimates of more than 1 km3 deposited in Argentina. Ash leacheate analyses showed unusually high levels of fluorine. The SO2‐rich plume produced bythe eruption was rapidly transported around the world, returning to Chile within seven days.Hudson last erupted in 1971, producing an ash cloud 7‐km high and extruding lava that melted glacial ice, triggering a large mudflow down the Huemules River valley. Following the 1971 eruption ice melt from continued fumarolic activity accumulated within the caldera until January 1973, when it abruptly flowed down the Huemules River valley, killing 11 people.
Real‐time earthquake data feasible
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Scientists agree that early warning devices and monitoring of both Hurricane Hugo and the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic eruption saved thousands of lives. What would it take to develop this sort of early warning and monitoring system for earthquake activity?Not all that much, claims a panel assigned to study the feasibility, costs, and technology needed to establish a real‐time earthquake monitoring (RTEM) system. The panel, drafted by the National Academy of Science's Committee on Seismology, has presented its findings in Real‐Time Earthquake Monitoring. The recently released report states that “present technology is entirely capable of recording and processing data so as to provide real‐time information, enabling people to mitigate somewhat the earthquake disaster.” RTEM systems would consist of two parts—an early warning system that would give a few seconds warning before severe shaking, and immediate postquake information within minutes of the quake that would give actual measurements of the magnitude. At this time, however, this type of warning system has not been addressed at the national level for the United States and is not included in the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program, according to the report.
Measurements of ozone in the U.S.— An historical note
Authors: Spilhaus Athelstan 
Published: October 2006

In 1938, while at New York University, I applied for a grant from the Research Corporation to purchase a Dobson Ozone Spectrophotometer from England to start routine measurements of ozone in the upper atmosphere in the United States.Dr. G.M.B. Dobson of Oxford personally supervised and calibrated the instrument prior to shipment. A New York newspaper of that time erroneously stated, “Professor Athelstan Spilhaus, of New York University, has invented a device for measuring ozone of the atmosphere. In Britain, Professor G.M.B. Dobson also has developed such instruments.”
NRC names Arctic research priorities
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

The National Research Council's recently published report, “Opportunities and Priorities in Arctic Geoscience,” calls for solid Earth geoscience research in the region to focus on the Arctic Ocean basin, which is poorly understood compared to the land surrounding it. New technological and political events—the end of the Cold War and the possibility of using submarines and icebreakers as research platforms–are combining to permit a good look at the ocean for the first time.“Aspects of Arctic solid‐Earth geoscience with important implications for science and society beyond the Arctic include tectonic evolution, resource potential, paleoceanographic and climatic history, and geologic processes,” the report states. The plate tectonics of the Northern Hemisphere cannot be understood until the tectonics of the Arctic are unraveled, the report explains.
Proposed ethics rules blasted
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

The Office of Government Ethics will redraft part of the guidelines it proposed this summer for the conduct of executive branch employees (see Eos, Aug. 13 and Sept. 3, 1991). A wave of negative reaction from associations and Congress has prompted the reexamination, particularly of the section addressing the participation of government employees in professional associations. The rewritten regulations will then be put out for public comment again.Steven Potts, director of the Office of Government Ethics, expressed surprise that the volume of outside comments about that section had “substantially overshadowed” other responses. Potts spoke before a House hearing on October 22. Approximately 90% of the more than 1,000 responses to the ethics office commented on participation in professional associations. The office now plans to delay issuing the new regulations until next spring.
Ocean bottom seismometer facilities available
Authors: Jocobson R. S. , Dorman L. M. , Purdy G. M. , Schultz A. , Solomon S. C. 
Published: October 2006

The Office of Naval Research, together with Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of Washington, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, is pleased to announce the formation of two national Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) facilities. Recent advances in marine seismic and acoustic research, including whole Earth tomography, seismic refraction tomography, detailed passive seismology, high‐resolution seismic refraction, and marine ambient noise studies, require a suite of identical calibrated seafloor instruments for analysis of array data collected by OBS capable of sustained deployment periods. Such instruments require a recording capability that is substantially improved in terms of bandwidth, recording capability, fidelity, and deployment duration over that possible just a few years ago.Recognizing a deficiency in existing instrumentation, in 1987 ONR embarked on an effort to fund the design and construction of a new generation of OBS. Thirty‐one instruments are now available for general use, and we encourage investigators to use the national OBS facilities as an effective means of acquiring state‐of‐the‐art ocean floor seismic data. The two OBS facilities will be managed and operated on a joint institutional basis by WHOI and MIT, and SIO and UW, respectively. While the instruments will be managed and operated by the OBS facilities, ownership of the OBS will be retained by
AGU Planet Earth Committee Report: Part I
Authors: Kaula William M. 
Published: October 2006

In April 1988, AGU adopted a Planet Earth Initiative policy, which stated, in part, that AGU “recommends that the United States take the initiative among nations to establish an international observing system which, in conjunction with an active research program, will allow scientists to understand natural and anthropogenic changes in the Earth's environment and the global‐scale forces that control them …”In furtherance of this position, a Planet Earth Committee was appointed in October 1988 with the responsibility of defining and helping to get implemented the Planet Earth Initiative (PEI). To do this, its activities were to include the following:
Eruption reported in Aleutian Islands
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

On November 29, an airplane pilot reported the start of an eruption on Mount Westdahl on Unimak Island in the Aleutian Islands (54.52°N, 164.65°W), according to the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Network. The pilot sighted an ash plume rising to more than 7 km altitude at 1705 local time ( = UT‐11 hours). The main portion of the plume, at about 5 km altitude, extended 80–95 km east‐northeast by 0930 the next morning.About noon, U.S. Coast Guard pilots observed a NE‐SW fissure vent 5–8 km long, with at least one active lava flow traveling down the east flank. The area surrounding the vent was ash‐covered, and increased runoff and possible mudflows were observed. Vigorous steam and ash emission was visible throughout the day from False Pass (90 km NE), which experienced a very fine dusting of ash. A strong sulfur odor at False Pass lasted into the night, and similar odors were reported by pilots up to several hundred kilometers inland. No ashfall has been reported in Cold Bay (145 km NE).
Paleomagnetic, rock magnetic workshop
Authors:   The Workshop Organizing Committee, Costanzo Vincenzo , Dunlop David , Guo Li , Halls Henry , Özdemir Özden , Xu Song 
Published: October 2006

A total of 52 paleomagnetists, rock magnetists, and structural geologists met for the 5th annual Northeastern Paleomagnetic and Rock Magnetic Workshop, held at Erindale College, University of Toronto in Mississauga, Ontario, on November 1–2. The attendees came from as far away as Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, N.Y.; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.; and Memorial University, St. John, Newfoundland; as well as from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; University of Windsor, Ontario; Sapphire Instruments, Ruthven, Ontario; University of Western Ontario, London; University of Toronto; Syracuse University, N.Y.; University of Ottawa; and the Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa.Special guests were Jo Lock of Gondwana Consultants in Australia and Mike McElhinny of the University of Michigan. McElhinny officially opened the workshop on Friday afternoon with a keynote lecture on “Paleomagnetism and the Earth's Core.” Most of us had only a rudimentary knowledge of modern ideas about the origin of the Earth's magnetic field and the paleomagnetic evidence bearing on it. We came away from Mike's talk informed, stimulated, and entertained.
Federal “Pork” at record high in 1991
Authors: Leath Audrey T. 
Published: October 2006

At approximately $500 million, the total of earmarked funds going to universities and colleges in the fiscal year 1991 federal budget was at an all‐time high. Although the full tally of “pork” in the new 1992 budget is not yet available, the total is not expected to meet or surpass that of 1991, due to the caps on discretionary funding required by the budget agreement.The following data were taken from a memo prepared by staff of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology for its chairman, George E. Brown, Jr. (D‐Calif.). The top 10 states receiving earmarked funds in 1991 were Pennsylvania ($54.3 million), Iowa ($38.7), Alaska ($35.0), Massachusetts ($32.6), Louisiana ($24.4), Washington, D.C. ($21.0, includes appropriations to Howard University, Gallaudet University, and the University of the District of Columbia, which receive their basic operating budgets through federal appropriations), West Virginia ($19.9), Oregon ($18.9), New Jersey ($18.1), and Hawaii ($16.2).