bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Flexibility in Response to Glucose Is Not Impaired in People With Type 2 Diabetes After Controlling for Glucose Disposal Rate
Authors: Galgani Jose E. , Heilbronn Leonie K. , Azuma Koichiro , Kelley David E. , Albu Jeanine B. , Pi-Sunyer Xavier , Smith Steven R. , Ravussin Eric ,   and the Look AHEAD Adipose Research Group
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—Compared with nondiabetic subjects, type 2 diabetic subjects are metabolically inflexible with impaired fasting fat oxidation and impaired carbohydrate oxidation during a hyperinsulinemic clamp. We hypothesized that impaired insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation is a consequence of the lower cellular glucose uptake rate in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we compared metabolic flexibility to glucose adjusted for glucose disposal rate in nondiabetic versus type 2 diabetic subjects and in the latter group after 1 year of lifestyle intervention (the Look AHEAD [Action For Health in Diabetes] trial).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Macronutrient oxidation rates under fasting and hyperinsulinemic conditions (clamp at 80 mU/m2 per min), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and relevant hormonal/metabolic blood variables were assessed in 59 type 2 diabetic and 42 nondiabetic individuals matched for obesity, sex, and race. Measures were repeated in diabetic participants after weight loss.
RESULTS—Metabolic flexibility to glucose (change in respiratory quotient [RQ]) was mainly related to insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate (R2 = 0.46, P &lt; 0.0001) with an additional 3% of variance accounted for by plasma free fatty acid concentration at the end of the clamp (P = 0.03). The impaired metabolic flexibility to glucose observed in type 2 diabetic versus nondiabetic subjects (ΔRQ 0.06 ± 0.01 vs. 0.10 ± 0.01, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001) was no longer observed after adjusting for glucose disposal rate (P = 0.19). Additionally, the increase in metabolic flexibility to glucose after weight loss was accounted for by the concomitant increase in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate.
CONCLUSIONS—This study suggests that metabolic inflexibility to glucose in type 2 diabetic subjects is mostly related to defective glucose transport.
Natural revegetation of coal fly ash in a highly saline disposal lagoon in Hong Kong
Authors: Chu L.M. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract.Question:What is the relationship of the naturally colonizing vegetation and substrate characteristics in fly ash lagoons?Location:West lagoon, Deep Bay, a 13‐ha coastal lagoon in Hong Kong in subtropical Southeast Asia.Methods:Vegetation establishment was examined in a coal fly ash lagoon two years after its abandonment to investigate the distribution of vegetation in relationship to the chemical properties of the fly ash in the lagoon. A greenhouse experiment assessed the limits imposed on plant growth in fly ash.Results:The fly ash was saline, slightly alkaline and very poor in organic matter and nitrogen. Ash from bare and vegetated areas differed significantly in their salinity and extractable concentrations of inorganic nitrogen and various metals. Bare ash had a significantly higher conductivity and extractable sodium, aluminum, manganese, potassium, and lead. In total 11 plant species that belonged to seven families were found growing on the fly ash; all species except the shrubTamarix chinensiswere herbaceous. Using discriminant analysis, the most important factors in distinguishing bare and vegetated ashes were conductivity and sodium. Cluster analysis of bare samples gave two distinct groups, one from the periphery of the lagoon, which had lower sodium, conductivity, organic carbon, potassium and copper, and the other from a second group that contained ashes from the central region of the lagoon. Results of the greenhouse experiment showed that the inhibition of plant growth was significantly correlated with the presence of soluble toxic elements in ash.Conclusion:Toxicity and salinity seem to be the major limiting factors to plant establishment in fly ash, and these factors must be ameliorated for the successful reclamation of these fly ash lagoons.
Ecological context of savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) termite fishing at Fongoli, Senegal
Authors: Bogart Stephanie L. , Pruetz Jill D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Fongoli, Senegal, consume termites year‐round. Understanding the ecological context behind this behavior is especially important in light of the environmental conditions at Fongoli. This mosaic savanna habitat is one of the hottest and driest sites where chimpanzees have been studied. Two genera and four species of termites were found in association with tools used by chimpanzees in a sample of 124 termite mounds that were monitored. The chimpanzees of Fongoli termite fish predominantly in woodland and forest habitat types, and, although woodland accounts for the majority of the chimpanzees' home range, forest habitat types comprise only about 4% of their range. Thus, habitat type has an influence on the Fongoli chimpanzees' termite fishing. Termite consumption to the degree seen at Fongoli may have particular significance for hominid evolution, given the expansion of Pliocene hominids into increasingly open, hot, and dry habitats. Am. J. Primatol. 70:605–612, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical analysis of the stagnation phenomenon in the coat‐hanger die of melt blowing process
Authors: Meng Kai , Wang Xinhou , Huang Xiubao 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper the stagnation phenomenon occurred in the coat‐hanger die is investigated using a three‐dimensional finite element method to simulate the polymer fluid flow in the die. The stagnation zone is defined to evaluate the degree of the stagnation. The effects of the inlet flow rate, the slot gap, the manifold angle, and the power‐law index on the stagnation are then analyzed numerically. It is found that the manifold angle and the geometric abrupt change between the manifold and the slot have significant influence on the stagnation, and a coat‐hanger die with tear‐dropped manifolds to be capable of diminishing the stagnation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane trisilanols as dispersants for titanium oxide nanopowder
Authors: Wheeler Paul A. , Misra Rahul , Cook Robert D. , Morgan Sarah E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTrisilanol isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was used to disperse nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles in polypropylene (PP). The silanol groups of the POSS cage were bound to the surface of the TiO2 particles, creating a layer of isobutyl POSS that improved compatibility with the PP matrix. POSS was an effective dispersant both when applied in a chemical pretreatment of TiO2 and when simply added to the blend during melt compounding. The average particle size of TiO2 was reduced from 70 nm for neat TiO2 to 50 nm for the POSS/TiO2 blend to 33 nm for TiO2 chemically treated with POSS. Additionally, the POSS coating improved the color of the material and reduced the catalytic effect of TiO2 on thermooxidative degradation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Studies of performances by the interchanging of the sequence of the photomodified layer in the thin film composite (TFC) membrane
Authors: Yogesh  , Gupta S. , Javiya S. , Paul P. , Basu S. , Singh K. , Ganguly B. , Bhattacharya A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractUV‐initiated photomodification by a hydrophilic functional moiety (i.e., acrylic acid) was performed in and on a polypiperazineamide thin‐film composite membrane. The sequence of the bilayers (i.e., acrylic acid and polypiperazineamide) was altered on a polysulfone membrane. The size exclusion order through the membranes was Atrazine > Simazine > 2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol > 2,4‐Dichlorophenol according to the molecular size, which was calculated by the quantum mechanical approach. Apart from the molecular size, the polarity and hydrophobicity of the molecules also influenced the separation. The performance of the membranes is based on size exclusion. The membrane with an inner layer of acrylic acid showed more blocking effect than the membrane with the same layer on the top of polypiperazineamide membrane and the unmodified polypiperazineamide membrane. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Structural Features of [(CpPPh2AuCl)2ZrCl2]: Exploring the Limits of Aurophilic Interactions
Authors: Moriya Makoto , Fröhlich Roland , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard , Grimme Stefan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe reaction of [(CpPPh2)2ZrCl2] (1 a) with two molar equivalents of (Me2S)AuCl gave the trimetallic complex [(CpPPh2AuCl)2ZrCl2] (6). Crystalline complex 6 shows a conformational structure that features both PAuCl vectors oriented toward the open front side of the bent metallocene wedge. Quantum‐chemical calculations rationalized the absence of an aurophilic Au⋅⋅⋅Au interaction in 6 by showing that a combination of noncovalent forces overcompensates any possible attractive Au⋅⋅⋅Au interaction.
Textural fingerprints: A comprehensive descriptor for biofilm structure development
Authors: Milferstedt K. , Pons M.‐N. , Morgenroth E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAutomated tools to determine biofilm structure are necessary to interpret large time series of biofilm images. Image analysis based on the evaluation of Spatial Gray Level Dependence Matrices (SGLDM) enabled us to monitor biofilm structure development in response to external disturbances (i.e., periodic increases of wall shear stress) at a large scale (i.e., >1 mm). We applied our method to an experiment conducted in an annular reactor over a 10‐week period. Six states of biofilm development were differentiated by their unique structure. Previous exposure to rapidly increased shear influenced the resulting biofilm structure after additional shear increases. In addition, on the scale of the biofilm images, the biofilm structure after a shear increase was spatially heterogeneous and resulted in spatially differentiated regrowth after detachment at different locations in the biofilm. SGLDM was developed further as an alternative to approaches based on image binarization as binarization leads to information loss for low‐magnification and low‐resolution images. During post‐processing of image data, structural states of biofilm development were identified by K‐means clustering and data display in Principal Component plots. Quantitatively selected representative images were used to illustrate the meaning of the clusters. Post‐treatment of image data was essential for managing several thousands of raw biofilm images and therefore improved the usefulness of the image analysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 889–901. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drosophila zum 100. Laborjubiläum. Einfache Versuche zur Molekulargenetik
Authors: Schwarzmaier Walter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSeit rund 100 Jahren ist Drosophila aus den Laboratorien nicht mehr wegzudenken. In vielen Schulen werden die kleinen Tiere gehalten, um Experimente durchzuführen. Unsere zweiteilige “Anregung zum Unterricht” – der erste Teil erschien in BIUZ 2/2007, S. 112 ff. – schlägt einfache Versuche zu Entwicklung, Verhalten und Genetik dieser Insekten vor.
Klimawandel und Fischbestände. Hering, Sardine und Sardelle
Authors: Alheit Jürgen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractÜber Langzeit‐Datenserien zu Fischbeständen können wir den Einfluss der Klimavariabilität auf marine Ökosysteme in Zeitskalen von Jahrzehnten bis Jahrtausenden rekonstruieren. Heringsartige Fische wie Hering, Sardine, Sardelle und Sprotte sind ideale Indikatoren für klimabedingte “Regime Shifts”, die abrupt tiefgreifende Umstrukturierungen von marinen Ökosystemen bewirken. Auslöser für solche ökosystemaren Strukturänderungen auf der Dekadenskala sind vermutlich Klimaphänomene wie die Nordatlantische Oszillation (NAO). Die nordischen “Sagas”, historische Chroniken und detaillierte Steuerlisten ermöglichen uns, die Bestandsdynamik von Heringen zusammen mit ihren sozioökonomischen Folgen bis in das frühe Mittelalter zurückzuverfolgen. Anhand paläo‐ozeanographischer Methoden wie der Untersuchung von Sedimentationsraten von Fischschuppen kann das Auf und Ab von Fischbeständen über mehrere Jahrtausende hinweg erhellt werden.
Seitensprung – dem Nachwuchs zuliebe
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWeibliche Schaufelfußkröten (Spea bombifrons) wägen vor jeder Paarung ab, ob sie sich mit Männchen der eigenen Art paaren oder mit den Männchen der nahe verwandten Gebirgs‐Schaufelfußkröte (Spea multiplicata). Beeinflusst wird diese Entscheidung von den gerade vorherrschenden Umweltbedingungen. Bei feuchter Witterung bleiben die Weibchen artentreu, bei trockener Witterung gehen sie fremd.
Molekulare Cystein‐Uhr
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWissenschaftler der Universität Mainz verglichen Teile des Genoms von 248 Arten mit bekannter maximaler Lebensdauer. Dazu zählten nicht nur Säugetiere wie der Mensch, sondern auch Vögel, Fische, Insekten und Würmer. Ein Merkmal vereinte all diese Gruppen: Langlebige Arten entwickelten Atmungsketten mit Proteinen, in denen die Aminosäure Cystein weniger häufig vorkommt.
Natürliches Herbizid aus Graswurzeln
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDer Rot‐Schwingel (Festuca rubra), ein weit verbreitetes Gras, verdrängt Nachbarpflanzen durch Ablagerung einer hochgradig phytotoxischen Wurzelausscheidung im Boden. Der wirksame Bestandteil ist m‐Tyrosin, ein Isomeres der proteinogenen Aminosäure p‐Tyrosin. m‐Tyrosin besitzt ein breites Wirkungsspektrum als natürliches Herbizid.
Vervielfältigung von DNA‐Abschnitten mit PCR
Authors: Schrödel Andrea 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBei der PCR (Polymerase‐Kettenreaktion) handelt es sich um einen relativ junge Methode. Sie wurde erst 1983 von Kary Mullis erfunden, der für diese Erfindung den Nobelpreis in Chemie bekam. Diese Methode wird für die Vervielfältigung von kurzen DNA‐Sequenzen benutzt und kann z.B. für einen Vaterschaftstest, zum Erkennen von Krankheiten und zum Klonieren von Genen eingesetzt werden. Mit der PCR‐Methode kann allerdings kein komplettes Genom vervielfältigt werden. Zum Vergleich: Das menschliche Genom besteht aus circa 3 Milliarden Basenpaaren (bp). Die PCR‐Methode stößt bei bereits 3000bp an ihre Grenzen.
Noch unerreicht: immergrüner Brokkoli
Authors: Brennicke Axel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFür die bessere Lagerung und Haltbarkeit von grünen Blättern und Früchten wäre es praktisch, den Chlorophyll‐Abbau zu verlangsamen oder ganz zu stoppen. Im jüngsten Ansatz wurde die Chlorophyllase blockiert, das erste Enzym im Chlorophyll‐Abbau. Das hält den Brokkoli aber auch nur einen bis zwei Tage länger grün – zu wenig für den kommerziellen Einsatz.
Light‐Driven Biocatalytic Oxidation and Reduction Reactions: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Taglieber Andreas , Schulz Frank , Hollmann Frank , Rusek Monika , Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe quest for practical regeneration concepts for nicotinamide‐dependent oxidoreductases continues. Recently we proposed the use of visible light to promote the direct reductive regeneration of a flavin‐dependent monooxygenase. With this enzyme (PAMO‐P3) light‐driven enantioselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidations were performed. In spite of the significant reduction in the complexity achieved, catalytic performance of the novel approach did not meet the requirements for an efficient biocatalytic oxygenation system. Driven by this ultimate goal, we further investigated the limiting factors of our particular system. We discovered that oxidative uncoupling of the flavin‐regeneration reaction from enzymatic O2‐activation accounts for the futile consumption of approximately 95 % of the reducing equivalents provided by the sacrificial electron donor, EDTA. Furthermore, it was found that the apparent turnover frequency (TOF) for PAMO‐P3 in the present setup is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than in conventional setups that use NADPH as reductant. This finding was traced to sluggish electron transfer kinetics that arose from an impeded interaction between PAMO‐P3‐bound FAD and the reducing catalyst. The limiting factors and potential approaches for their circumvention are discussed. Furthermore, we broadened the light‐driven regeneration approach to the class of flavin‐dependent reductases. By using the Old Yellow Enzyme homologue YqjM as a model system, a significantly higher catalytic turnover for the enzyme catalyst was achieved, which we assign to a higher accessibility of the prosthetic group as well as to the absence of oxidative uncoupling.
Polar Intermetallic Compounds as Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions: Synthesis, Structures, Bonding, and Catalytic Properties of Ca1−xSrxNi4Sn2 (x=0.0, 0.5, 1.0) and Catalytic Properties of Ni3Sn and Ni3Sn2
Authors: Hlukhyy Viktor , Raif Fabian , Claus Peter , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe potential of polar intermetallic compounds to catalyze hydrogenation reactions was evaluated. The novel compounds CaNi4Sn2, SrNi4Sn2, and Ca0.5Sr0.5Ni4Sn2 were tested as unsupported alloys in the liquid‐phase hydrogenation of citral. Depending on the reaction conditions, conversions of up to 21.0 % (253 K and 9.0 MPa hydrogen pressure) were reached. The binary compounds Ni3Sn and Ni3Sn2 were also tested in citral hydrogenation under the same conditions. These materials gave conversions of up to 37.5 %. The product mixtures contained mainly geraniol, nerol, citronellal, and citronellol. The isotypic stannides CaNi4Sn2, Ca0.5Sr0.5Ni4Sn2, and SrNi4Sn2 were obtained by melting mixtures of the elements in an arc‐furnace under an argon atmosphere. Single crystals were synthesized in tantalum ampoules using special temperature modes. The novel structures were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. They crystallize in the tetragonal space group I4/mcm with parameters: a=7.6991(7), c=7.8150(8) Å, wR2=0.034, 162 F2 values, 14 variable parameters for CaNi4Sn2; a=7.7936(2), c=7.7816(3) Å, wR2=0.052, 193 F2 values, 15 variable parameters for Ca0.5Sr0.5Ni4Sn2; and a=7.8916(4), c=7.7485(5) Å, wR2=0.071, 208 F2 values, 14 variable parameters for SrNi4Sn2. The Ca1−xSrxNi4Sn2 (x=0.0, 0.5, 1.0) structures can be represented as a stuffed variant of the CuAl2 type by the formal insertion of one‐dimensional infinite Ni‐cluster chains [Ni4] into the Ca(Sr)Sn2 substructure. The Ni and Sn atoms form a three‐dimensional infinite [Ni4Sn2] network in which the Ca or Sr atoms fill distorted octagonal channels. The densities of states obtained from TB‐LMTO‐ASA calculations show metallic character for both compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Infinite Gold Zig‐Zag Chains as Structural Motif in Ca3Au3In — A Ternary Ordered Variant of the Ni4B3 Type.
Authors: Muts Ihor R. , Zaremba Vasyl I. , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Vibration Spectra of the Triple Molybdates Tl5M0.5Hf1.5(MoO4)6, M: Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb.
Authors: Bazarov B. G. , Sarapulova A. E. , Klevtsova R. F. , Glinskaya L. A. , Fedorov K. N. , Bazarova Zh. G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Characteristics of LiMO2 (M: Co, Ni, Ni0.2Co0.8, Ni0.8Co0.2) Powders Prepared from Solution of Their Acetates.
Authors: Arof A. K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Structural Characterization of a Series of One‐Dimensional Fluorotitanophosphates (NH4)xK4‐x [Ti2PO4F9] (x = 0, 0.70, 1.00, 1.25).
Authors: Yang Sihai , Li Guobao , Li Lei , Tian Shujian , Liao Fuhui , Xiong Ming , Lin Jianhua 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Manganese(II) Complexes with Bridging Selenidodiarsenate Anions [As2Se4]4‐, [As2Se5]4‐ and [As2Se6]2‐.
Authors: Kromm Anna , Sheldrick Williams S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: VAPOL Phosphoric Acid Catalysis: The Highly Enantioselective Addition of Imides to Imines.
Authors: Liang Yuxue , Rowland Emily B. , Rowland Gerald B. , Perman Jason A. , Antilla Jon C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Niobium(V) Pentachloride: An Efficient Catalyst for C‐, N‐, O‐, and S‐Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Benzylic Alcohols.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Bhunia Dinesh C. , Krishna K. Vamshi , Srihari P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From the Study of Naturally Occurring N‐Allylated Phenazines Towards New Pd‐Mediated Transformations.
Authors: Merisor Elena , Beifuss Uwe 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Enones with Dimethyloxosulfonium Methylide Promoted by a La—Li3—(Biphenyldiolate)3 + NaI Complex.
Authors: Kakei Hiroyuki , Sone Toshihiko , Sohtome Yoshihiro , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.