bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular Overmoded Waveguide for Shipboard Use
Authors: HUTING WILLIAM A. , WARREN JEFFERY W. , GARNER PAUL N. , KRILL JERRY A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTSeveral future Navy combat systems under development require efficient delivery of high power microwave energy from remote transmitters to array antennas. To achieve this requirement, a family of microwave components has been developed and tested.Progress is described in the design and testing of an overmoded circular TE01 mode waveguide applicable to special shipboard needs. Because such a waveguide had originally been developed for low power millimeter band trunkline communications between cities, new theoretical, design, and fabrication techniques had to be developed to meet our specific performance requirements. Moreover, in order to fulfill the combat system requirements, the waveguide would have to withstand harsh military requirements.Over several years the obstacles to the application of overmoded technology to Navy combat systems have been systematically eliminated. The effort has resulted in the invention of several new components, the development and validation of a new computer aided design package, and the implementation of new microwave measurement techniques. The first application of an overmoded waveguide to a combat system element was recently achieved in the successful demonstration of the prototype Cooperative Engagement Capability, and steps toward a production military version of the waveguide have been initiated.
Logistic Support Analysis—Lessons to be Learned
Authors: GREEN MARK W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTFor years in Navy system/equipment acquisitions, a program requirement that has been particularly troublesome to program managers (PMs), integrated logistic support managers (ILSMs), and logistic element managers (LEMs) is logistic support analysis (LSA). Performance of the tasks to satisfy this LSA requirement has dismayed many logistics engineers and analysts as well.Unfortunately, what has caused such consternation in the past is still present and shall negatively impact LSA requirements in the future unless some reformation occurs.A few of the main problems encountered when involved with an LSA are: the analysis is started too late; the effort is complex and diverse; the LSA military standards contain ambiguities, vague descriptions, and other deficiencies; and the LSA process allows many possible approaches leading to results with numerous possible interpretations. In many cases, expensive LSA processes produce data that is neither timely nor of great use. The result of an inefficient LSA is usually a bandaided end item in the field, one without adequate and cost‐effective support.This paper addresses LSA‐related problems, evidenced through research and personal experience, and recommends solutions to enhance the LSA process. This paper also stresses conducting the appropriate amount of analysis (through tailoring) to derive the ideal supportability system—one of sufficient performance that maximizes life cycle affordability.
The Efficient Use of Simulation in Planing Hull Motion Anaylsis
Authors: TROESCH ARMIN W. , HICKS JOHN D. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTUnlike displacement hulls, the dynamics of planing craft generally do not lend themselves to linear analysis. Their high speeds, small trim angles, and shallow drafts produce significant hydrodynamic and dynamic nonlinearities. Large changes in the wetted surface and the effect of spray jets are just two of the factors that should be included in accurate planing modeling. As a result, nonlinear simulation has become an attractive method in predicting planing dynamics. However, simulation is restricted in its usefulness by large parameter ranges and the finite time of the design spiral. Before computer simulation can be an effective tool, users should understand their particular design's response characteristics. This prerequisite information can be obtained through the use of modern methods of dynamical system analysis. These techniques first approximate the physical system as a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then apply global analysis to determine critical areas of performance. Using the combination of dynamical system analysis and simulation, this paper examines the vertical motions of a typical planing hull. Vertical plane instability and unsafe motion regions are predicted and then investigated through the use of a planing hull simulator. While the example presented deals only with constant speed, regular waves, and constant deadrise, the approach is quite general.
A Data Based Approach to In‐Service Engineering Problem Solving
Authors: CRAIGHEAD J. JEFFREY 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn‐service engineering agents (ISEAs) are responsible for developing solutions to engineering problems that prevent Fleet equipment from delivering designed performance and reliability levels. In these times of shrinking budgets, engineers must identify the most severe problems and then apply the most cost effective solutions.This paper addresses the need for applying the total quality management (TQM) philosophy of fact based decision making to in‐service engineering. The paper demonstrates the use of a systematic, data‐based approach to problem identification and resolution. The problem solving process presented is designed for team use, guiding them through a step‐by‐step effort for identifying root causes of problems and developing effective countermeasures for solving those problems. Currently available Navy logistics data on failures and parts usage is used in the analysis. The thorough analysis insures that the true root causes of problems are identified so that the greatest benefit can be derived from improvement investments.An example process is demonstrated and explained. The example shows the use of the problem solving process to identify causes and proposed countermeasure for low operational availability of Fleet high pressure air compressors.
The Evolution of U.S. Naval Satellite Systems Antenna Control Technology
Authors: RILING LT. DAVE 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAs advances in digital signal processing continue and new algorithms materialize for correctional coding, the requirement for robust and accurate satellite antenna control systems continues to be downplayed. This paper develops the requirement for advanced control concepts based upon an analysis of U.S. Navy SATCOM systems from the earliest UHF system to the most recent member, EHF. Link and gain equations are used to show the effect of pointing error on the various SATCOM systems. Various problems and errors associated with accurate positioning of satellite communication antennas are presented. Methods currently used to minimize pointing error in Navy SATCOM systems are described. Also discussed are advanced control system techniques to negate pointing error in very narrow beamwidth communication systems.
A Fully‐Integrated, Fault‐Tolerant (FIFT) Command, Control, Communication, and Instrumentation (C3I) System for a Nuclear Attack Submarine
Authors: DAUGHAN MICHAEL G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTSubmarine design as presently practiced in the U.S. develops electrical and electronics systems in virtual isolation from each other. This practice limits the advantages made available by technological progress over the past several decades. To maximize the capabilities of a submarine platform, traditionally separate systems that have similar processing and communications requirements must be integrated. This paper develops and analyzes one possible system implementation, referred to as the FIFT C3I system, which integrates all major electrical and electronics systems required to support the mission of the submarine. Such a system must possess fault tolerance such that the reliability, availability, and safety of the integrated system will equal or surpass the existing systems that it would replace. The advantages of this approach are numerous and are achievable using existing technology and components.
Integrated Power System for Marine Applications
Authors: DOERRY NORBERT H. , DAVIS JAMES C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Navy has shifted priority from designing systems that offer increased capability, to systems which are more affordable, but enable improved performance. To address the emphasis on affordability, the Advanced Surface Machinery (ASM) Programs and the Affordability Through Commonality (ATC) program are proposing ship systems composed of common modules employing standardized parts. This paper describes the Integrated Power System (IPS) which provides electrical power for both propulsion and ship service loads for a wide range of ship applications including submarines, surface combatants, aircraft carriers, amphibious ships, auxiliary ships, sealift and high value commercial ships. IPS consists of an architecture and a family of modules from which affordable and high performance configurations can be developed for the full range of ship applications. In most configurations, IPS reduces the number of prime movers and divides ships into electrical zones controlled in a modular fashion. Cost reductions are realized in acquisition, training, manning, maintenance and other logistic support areas.
Using Virtual Environments in the Design of Ships
Authors: JONS OTTO P. , RYAN J. CHRISTOPHER , JONES GARY W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA major contributor to the expense and length of time to design, build, and test new systems has been the need to build and test hardware prototypes to determine their effectiveness in meeting operational requirements. Recent and dramatic advances in computer simulation technologies hold forth the promise of revolutionizing design and acquisition strategies by providing the means to validate end users' requirements prior to hardware construction. By designing and operationally testing virtual prototypes in a virtual environment, these technologies will soon offer naval architects the ability to build and launch ships in computer‐based cyberspace in lieu of the shipbuilder's ways. The authors of this paper provide the background for these developments, explore the significance and ramifications of these technologies to the current process of ship and system design, outline challenges lying ahead, and present their vision and recommendations for future development.
Making Piping Systems Fire‐Safe‐Simple Solutions for Preventing a Disaster
Authors: BHASIN VINOD , NILSEN LLOYD , GUPTA KARAN , CONROY DENNIS 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTLoss of life and property losses totaling tens of billions of dollars have piping engineers scrambling to specify “fire‐safe” components in fire‐prone locations: on board ships, and in power plants, refineries, and other perilous applications.Fire‐safe valves, the first line of defense in containing a fire, were introduced some 25 years ago, with fire‐safe actuators following soon afterwards. Little attention has been given, however, to designing and selecting the other piping components such as flanges, gaskets, bolting, and fittings to ensure their integrity in a fire. Just like in an electric circuit where, if a single component in series fails, the flow of electricity stops; likewise, the failure of a single piping component could result in a fire of catastrophic proportions. This paper discusses the availability of critical fire‐safe components for Navy shipboard piping systems and provides some simple solutions which, if implemented, could prevent such a disaster. Discussion is provided on how a fire starts and how it reaches catastrophic proportions, the definitions of survivability and fire‐safe components, materials of construction, component design, fire‐safe valves and actuators, gaskets, pipe flanges, flange bolting, pipe fittings and unions, brazing and welding, insulation, composite piping materials, and other related subjects. Details are also provided on 78 fires that have occurred on Navy surface ships in the last ten years and their causes.
Motor Current Signal Analysis for Diagnosis of Fault Conditions in Shipboard Equipment
Authors: Siegler Jonathan Adam , Sarkady Antal A. , Nemarich Chris 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn the Navy it is imperative that systems and equipment work at their peak performance levels. Man‐hours, money, and even lives may depend on it. On a submarine, it may even be more important, because fault conditions in equipment can lead to increased noise levels, and form a higher probability of detection by the enemy. There are inherent problems associated with detecting fault conditions in shipboard equipment. Most importantly, equipment must often be shut down and taken apart. This can cost countless man‐hours and down time that an underway vessel cannot afford. In addition, the equipment may be located in an area that is very difficult or impossible to reach under normal circumstances. This would include all equipment found in the primary plant of a nuclear powered submarine.Motor current signal analysis provides a solution to these problems. It is a noninvasive technique for monitoring and diagnosing mechanical problems associated with equipment driven by electrical motors. The objective of this project was to implement this process by (1) examining the electrical power signal supplied to a Byron Jackson Sea Water Pump found in a U.S. submarine and (2) to develop signal processing routines and classification techniques to distinguish between the pump working with a good impeller and the pump working with an eroded impeller. Although this one fault condition was studied, this research sought to develop a method by which other fault conditions could be detected.
Acoustic Characteristics of T‐AG0S19 Class SWATH Ships
Authors: Yankaskas Kurt , Slotwinski Tom 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Small Waterplane Twin Hull (SWATH) vessels exhibit superior seakeeping capabilities in rough water, which render them more capable than monohull ships for many missions. SWATH vessels are currently in use for a variety of acoustic missions, including oceanographic research and surveillance, which render it necessary to assess and minimize underwater noise generated by the ship. In addition, potential future missions such as anti‐submarine warfare require the development of quiet SWATH ships. A wide range of acoustic and vibration data are needed to support the design and construction of SWATH ships with acoustic missions.A number of acoustic tests and trials have been conducted on USNS Victorious (T‐AGOS 19) Class ships. During these tests, several innovative acoustic and vibration measurement and analysis techniques were used to identify, investigate and correct a number of acoustic deficiencies. This paper provides an overview of these trials and the acoustic‐deficiency correction process. Personnel from a variety of organizations worked as a focused team to provide the technical and implementable solutions necessary to improve the acoustic characteristics of the T‐AGOS 19 class. Additionally, the results of a diagnostic acoustic trial conducted on the Victorious are prepared and discussed in terms of the unique platform acoustic characteristics found on SWATH ships.
Making Design Everybody's Job
Authors: Tibbitts Capt. Barry , Keane Robert G. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The authors (and the late Bob Riggins) published a paper for ASNE Day 1988 (1) entitled, “Naval Ship Design—Evolution or Revolution?” The authors predicted that a revolution in naval ship design was possible. In the intervening years has a revolution in fact occurred? Or even gotten closer?In 1990, NAVSEA's Chief Engineer initiated the Ship Design, Acquisition and Construction (DAC) Process Improvement Program. The DAC process improvements are revolutionizing warship design by making design everyone's job. This paper discusses current initiatives such as:

Concurrent Engineering: Integrated product and process development teams, collocated physically or electronically, employing a new design methodology to harness the true power of multi‐functional teams.
Systems Engineering: A top‐down integration of combat/weapon systems and HM&E systems into a total warship system.
Transition of New Technologies: Assessing and integrating emerging technologies with new ship designs.
Modeling and Simulation (M&S): Simulation based design/virtual prototypes, 3‐D digital product models, and CAD/CAM/CAE.

How these concepts are being applied to the early 1990s designs of CVN 76 and LPD 17 is described in this paper. The potential for truly revolutionary changes for future ship designs just getting underway is also discussed. One guiding principle that remains unchanged is the leadership role of NAVSEA's design engineers.
Engineering Off‐The‐Shelf Solutions: A Life Cycle View
Authors: Belair Doug , Eagan Mike 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a market driven life cycle methodology for application of off‐the‐shelf products and provides anecdotal lessons for each of the life cycle phases.In order to form a framework for further discussion, a model of the off‐the‐shelf marketplace is introduced to define a range of products from low cost commodities to high‐end niche or specialty items. Within this framework, strategies are recommended for defining product requirements both technical and programmatic, surveying the market to find products that meet those requirements and then acceptance testing those products to ensure they do in fact perform as advertised. Recommendations are provided in the area of product tailoring, if tailoring is deemed a cost effective alternative to unique design. The pitfalls of managing “off‐the‐shelf”vendors as subcontractors during the tailoring phase is also described.Product procurement is defined to include not only those steps required to procure product quantities for deployment but also steps to ensure that those products meet the same requirements as those accepted during the selection phase.Three product support strategies are next described. The strategies range from a traditional “commercial” approach with support provided within the vendor's infrastructure to a more traditional “military” approach in which vendors are subcontracted to provide longer term support. Selection of the appropriate strategy is based on a balance of cost, desired product life and desired level of stability within the system configuration.
The Development of Permeable Membrane Air Dehydrators for the U.S. Navy
Authors: Theis Thomas , Titus Stephen 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAs part of a program to eliminate chronic, shipboard, low pressure air dehydrator problems a Navy‐industry team consisting of the Navy, Newport News Shipbuilding and a permeable membrane manufacturer has developed a new generation of permeable membrane air dehydration equipment to replace the complex and unreliable desiccant units currently used. Permeable membrane dehydration is a new technology utilizing new polysulfone, semipermeable polymeric membranes specially designed to perform molecular separation of gaseous mixtures. This process has proven to be extremely reliable and cost effective. The successful development of the permeable membrane dehydrator from an SBIR concept to shipboard units is described. A review of the current dehydrators and system history that drove this program, and the benefits and payoffs of the new equipment, are presented. Results of the laboratory evaluation, shipboard evaluation and the fleet transition plan are addressed.
Combat Casualty Simulation on Shipboard Electrical Power Systems (Active Demonstration)
Authors: Goodnow Michael O. , Rumburg Jay W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTFor many years, electrical cable exposed to fragmentation was never taken into consideration in fault predictions for electrical power distribution systems. Testing, which began in 1990 by NSWC Annapolis under the Electrical Power Survivability Program, to evaluate the effects of combat casualty on electrical power distribution systems, verified that a condition of multiple simultaneous faults could occur from typical weapons threats. Four phases of testing were performed to characterize damage to electrical power cables. These four testing phases were severing a single energized power cable, fragmenting multiple power cables fed from a single source and fragmenting multiple power cables fed from multiple sources. This paper reviews the various phases of testing conducted from the inception of the program and the test results.
Naval Applications of High Frequency Over‐the‐Horizon Radar
Authors: Headrick James M. , Thomason Joseph F. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Navy now has in operation a relatively new sensor, the AN/TPS‐71 radar, that can provide wide area surveillance over a more than one million square mile area and out to ranges of 2000 nmi. This radar was procured primarily to support Naval Battle Groups by providing early warning of airborne threats. This radar is called ROTHR for Relocatable Over‐The‐Horizon Radar. In addition to the primary mission this type of radar has other capabilities including remote sea and weather sensing.HF radar that employs the ocean surface attached wave offers a means for detection of sea skimming missiles, aircraft, and ships at shorter but beyond line‐of‐sight ranges with a ship‐borne installation. A current Advanced Technology Demonstration will show applicability of this sensor.
Design of a Real‐Time Multisensor Search and Track System
Authors: Pawlak R. , Horman R. , Stapleton R. , Headley R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTLow flying missiles present severe difficulties to shipboard radar systems, which must detect and track them in order to support defensive weapons systems. Propagation conditions at these altitudes create an impossible task for a radar only search and track system. To this end, the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD) has been investigating the use of a horizon search infrared (IR) sensor for assisting the radar in the target detection and tracking task. Ongoing scientific experiments have determined the characteristics of both the radar and IR sensor systems necessary to support this task. The definition of these sensors, along with knowledge of the propagation conditions have been drivers for the design of the algorithms and techniques for effectively integrating multisensor data. In the system described in this paper, active and passive sensor data is integrated to achieve improved firm track range. Detections from a horizon search infrared (IR) sensor and a horizon search radar are provided to a central sensor integration processor where both track initiation and radar dwell scheduling are performed. Significant increases in the detection range of the radar are achieved by using a high energy waveform along cued bearings generated by high confidence detections from the IR sensor. Previous results and recent real‐time field test data are presented which support the system concept.