bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoconductivity of strontium‐doped bioactive glass particles: A histomorphometric study in rats
Authors: Gorustovich Alejandro A. , Steimetz Tammy , Cabrini Rómulo L. , Porto López José M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThere is accumulating evidence that strontium (Sr)‐containing bioceramics have positive effects on bone tissue repair. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the osteoconductivity of Sr‐doped bioactive glass (BG) particles implanted in rat tibia bone marrow, and characterize the neoformed bone tissue by SEM‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis. Melt‐derived BGs were prepared from a base 45S5 BG. Sr‐doped glass (45S5.6Sr) was prepared using 6 wt % SrO as a substitute for the CaO. Histological analysis using undecalcified sections showed that new lamellar bone had formed along the surface of both 45S5 and 45S5.6Sr BG particles within 4 weeks. To evaluate osteoconductivity, affinity indices were calculated. At 30 days after implantation, 45S5 and 45S5.6Sr BGs had almost identical affinity indices (88% ± 7% and 87% ± 9%; p > 0.05). Strontium was not detected in the neoformed bone tissue surrounding 45S5.6Sr BG particles. These results indicate that 45S5.6Sr BG particles are osteoconductive when implanted inside the intramedullary canal of rat tibiae, and no alterations in bone mineralization, in terms of Ca/P ratio, were observed in the neoformed bone tissue around 45S5.6Sr BG particles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Microseparation of membrane proteins
Authors: Zhang Zhaowei , Feng Xiaojun , Du Wei , Luo Qingming , Liu Bi‐Feng 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMembrane proteins are generally of natural low abundance and insoluble to aqueous solutions. Thus, investigation of membrane proteins is relatively hampered since efficient separation of membrane proteins are rather challenging. Microseparation approaches certainly play an essential role in fulfilling such demanding investigations due to their significant advantages of high throughput, reduced separation time, and low sample consumption. In this review, recent developments of microseparation are documented with aspects of three key separation methods, including CE, micro‐LC and microchip. Preparation of membrane proteins prior to separation is also discussed, including solubilization and preconcentration. Certainly, more applications of microseparation approaches in membrane protein separations can be expected in the near future.
Psychometric attributes of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rodriguez‐Blazquez Carmen , Frades‐Payo Belen , Forjaz Maria João , de Pedro‐Cuesta Jesus , Martinez‐Martin Pablo ,   on behalf of the Longitudinal Parkinson's Disease Patient Study (Estudio longitudinal de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson ‐ELEP) Group
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has been used in Parkinson's disease (PD) but information about its psychometric properties in this context is limited. The aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the HADS in PD. In an observational, cross‐sectional analysis, HADS data quality, acceptability, scaling assumptions, internal consistency, construct validity, and precision were explored. From a sample of 387 PD patients, 22% and 14% scored ≥11 points (definite case) on the HADS anxiety and depression subscales, respectively. Cronbach's alpha was 0.81 and 0.83 for these subscales. Factor analysis revealed two factors (49.8% of the variance) representing anxiety and depression. The HADS closely correlated with health‐related quality of life (HRQL) measures and displayed satisfactory discriminative validity for patients grouped by severity level, disease duration, HRQL status, and treatment. The SEM was 1.84 for HADS‐Anxiety and 1.72 for HADS‐Depression. The HADS is an acceptable, consistent, valid, precise, and potentially responsive scale for use in PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
In situ proton NMR study of acetyl and formyl group migration in mono‐O‐acyl D‐glucose
Authors: Brecker Lothar , Mahut Marek , Schwarz Alexandra , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAcetyl and formyl group migration, mutarotation, and hydrolysis of mono‐O‐acylated glucose are studied by in situ 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. α‐D‐Glucosyl‐1‐acetate and α‐D‐glucosyl‐1‐formate serve as sole starting materials. They are generated in situ by configuration retaining glucosyltransfer from α‐D‐glucosyl‐1‐phosphate to formate and acetate, which is catalyzed by the Glu‐237 → Gln mutant of Leuconostoc mesenteroides sucrose phosphorylase. Temporary accumulated regio‐isomeric mono‐O‐acyl D‐glucoses are identified, characterized, and quantified directly from the reaction mixture. Time courses of the transformations give insight into pH dependence of acyl group migration and mutarotation as well as into the stability of various regioisomers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial structure and NMR spectra of strained [2.2.2]cyclophanes
Authors: Dodziuk Helena , Ostrowski Maciej , Ruud Kenneth , Jaźwiński Jarosław , Hopf Henning , Koźmiński Wiktor 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe chemical shifts and coupling constants in the NMR spectra of the title compounds are influenced by their strain and the proximity of the aromatic rings. These parameters are studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations for 1–4 and measured for 3 and 4. We find that, in spite of the strain, the calculations reproduce the experimental values satisfactorily. This finding is of special importance for novel hypothetical molecules like hexahydrosuperphane 5 for their future identification and in searches of hydrocarbons exhibiting unusual NMR parameters. Our results demonstrate the influence of strain on the parameters studied. Most proton and carbon chemical shifts for the molecules under study having nonplanar aromatic rings differ considerably from the corresponding values for the relatively unstrained trimethylbenzenes and ethylbenzene. In addition, the calculated values of the coupling constants through three bonds in most cases do not follow Karplus relation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of fabric anisotropy and strain localization of sand under simple shear
Authors: Al Hattamleh Omar , Muhunthan B. , Shalabi Faisal 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of initial fabric anisotropy of dry sand in simple shear deformation. The effects of anisotropy are taken into consideration through the modification of the mobilized friction in the Mohr–Coulomb‐type yield surface as a function of a fabric parameter. In addition, the constitutive model uses a gradient term that directly incorporates the effects of material length scale. The constitutive formulation is implemented into ABAQUS finite element code and used to simulate shearing of the dry sand under various conditions of simple shear. The numerical simulations show that while the shear stress response is affected by fabric anisotropy, its effects on strain localization in simple shear are minimal. This is in contrast to other devices such as the biaxial shear. The strain localization in simple shear is controlled more by the imposed boundary conditions. The use of material length scale is shown to remove the effects of strain localization in the shearing response. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of celebrity in endorsing poverty reduction through international aid
Authors: Samman Emma , Auliffe Eilish Mc , MacLachlan Malcolm 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

‘Celebrity endorsement’ is a strategy that is gathering increasing momentum in attempts to develop public awareness of the plight of the poor.1

We say below the goal of endorsement is not necessarily donations but political commitment.
Understanding of public perceptions is clearly important for international organizations seeking to make use of celebrity in furthering their causes. This paper reports the results of a preliminary survey conducted among 100 members of the Irish public to evaluate levels of awareness of celebrity involvement in international development work and the public's opinions about such involvement. The survey instrument was semi‐structured with some open‐ended questions. The focus was on respondents' ability to identify celebrities associated with such work, and to elicit their opinions on those celebrities' perceived aims, knowledge of international development, and influence upon the respondent. It also requested opinions of the value of celebrity involvement more generally. The results suggest that respondents are generally able to distinguish between celebrities and their various causes. Most found their involvement to be valuable in raising the profile of charities, though only a small number claimed to be personally influenced by such activity. The respondents were fairly cynical as to the motives of most celebrities, whose involvement they felt served their own aims—namely publicity—first and foremost.

Most respondents were more likely to be influenced by their perceptions of the character of the celebrity rather than their causes. They respected celebrities they felt were genuinely committed to the causes they espoused, but paradoxically, they felt such commitment was best demonstrated by the celebrity keeping a low profile and not actively seeking publicity. Long‐term commitment to a given cause was also highly regarded. The results are discussed with regard to theories of social persuasion and the dilemma's facing celebrities who get involve in endorsement of charity aid or campaigns. More research is necessary to substantiate and further develop our findings.

Copyright ©2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and improved mechanical properties of nano‐TiO2 filled Poly (p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber
Authors: Zhu H. J. , Jin J. H. , Li G. , Jiang J. M. , Yang S. L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWith in‐situ bending various contents of nano‐sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) were introduced into the solution polymerization system of poly (p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO), and the blends were spun into high performance fibers via liquid crystal spinning. The dispersion of TiO2 in matrix was observed by the scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical and thermal properties of PBO and TiO2/PBO fibers were tested by a tensilon and a thermogravimetric analyser. The results show that the tensile strength and modulus of the PBO/TiO2 fiber containing 1.5 wt % TiO2 is 4.62 GPa and 109.99 GPa, which is approximately 36% and 18% higher than that of the pure PBO fiber. The decomposition temperature of the composites is also improved from 697.6°C to 701.8°C. The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the structure of PBO is also studied. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of chelating copolymer additive on the yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nanoparticle formation
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Chien , Yu Wei‐Ting 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA series of the acrylic chelating polymer, poly(butyl acrylates‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐methylacrylic acid 3‐(bis‐carboxymethylamino)‐2‐hydroxy‐propyl ester) was prepared to act as the additive in the preparation of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nanoparticle precursor (ACP). The ACPs and YIG nanocrystal were identified by using Fourier transfer infrared spectrophotometry (FT‐IR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrograph, respectively. Compared to the traditional YIG preparation, the well‐formed YIG nanocrystal could be obtained by using this ACP precursor at a low calcination temperature of 600°C. In addition, the more amount of the chelating group was added, the higher purity of the YIG nanocrystal was obtained. Furthermore, the YIG nanocrystal obtained by using the ACP precursor had a nearly superparamagnetic behavior and their saturated magnetic property was around 5.7–41.9 emu/g after the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) examination. In summary, the chelating polymer additive improves not only the crystallinity of the YIG nanocrystal but also magnificently decreases the sintering temperature of the YIG nanocrystal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of hyperbranched polymers on processing and thermal stability of biodegradable polyesters
Authors: Shaked Yanir , Dodiuk Hanna , Kenig Samuel , McCarthy Stephen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNanomodification of poly‐hydroxy‐butyrate (PHB), with hyperbranched polymers (HBP), was studied. Solid‐hyperbranched polyesters of different generations were incorporated into a biobased and biodegradable, thermoplastic, polyester. Thermal, rheological, and molecular weight measurements had indicated that due to the interactions between the hydroxyl groups and the polar esters in PHB, the rate of recrystallization was significantly increased. Furthermore, the degree of crystallinity and nonisothermal crystallization temperature were also increased. Molecular weight measurements did not indicate a reduction or retention when HBPs were incorporated. These results are of great significance for the processing of biodegradable polymers and specifically for PHB, where improved processability and enhanced crystallization are of importance. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
New smart conducting elastomer blends of Bi‐based superconductor ceramics nanoparticles reinforced natural rubber/low‐density polyethylene for double thermistors, antistatic protectors, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness applications
Authors: El‐Tantawy Farid , Aal Nadia Abdel , Al‐Ghamdi A.A. , El‐Mossalamy E.H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new conducting blend from natural rubber (NR), low‐density polyethylene (PE), and Bi‐based superconductor (BSCCO) nanoparticles was successfully formulated. Blends were prepared by means of an open two‐roll mill for five ratios (100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40 NR/LDPE). The microstructures of the blends were examined in terms of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), bound rubber (BR), cross‐linking density (CLD), and Mooney viscosity (M100). The mechanical properties like hardness (H) shore A, tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EB) of the blends were studied. The applicability of the blends as double thermistors, i.e., positive and negative coefficient of resistivity (PTCR/NTCR), was examined. The applicability of the blend for antistatic charge dissipation was also tested. Finally, electromagnetic interference response of conducting NR/PE‐filled BSCCO in the frequency range 1–12 GHz has been studied. Shielding effectiveness of the conducting blends in the microwave range 8–12 GHz shows an attenuation of 44–60 dB for PE ≤10 wt%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dissolution mechanism of polymers in high pressure–high temperature n‐alkanes—Application to blends separation
Authors: Martini Raquel E. , Brignole Esteban A. , Barbosa Silvia E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe use of a high temperature–high pressure near critical solvent is an interesting alternative to dissolve high‐molecular‐weight polyolefins with alkanes. This characteristic allows their separation from the blends with other polymers. In the present work, the polymer dissolution of commercial polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) in n‐alkanes at high pressure and high temperature is analyzed. The comprehension of the different polymer dissolution behaviors and solvent affinities clarifies the understanding of the mechanism of PP/PS physical blend separation under these conditions. The PP dissolution in n‐pentane and n‐heptane was interpreted in terms of chain disentanglement and solvent diffusion. A mathematical model is proposed to predict the experimental results and to calculate mass transfer coefficients in order to quantify the PS barrier effects. It is possible to assess the effect of the temperature on the pure PP solubilization using these coefficients. In blends separation, it was demonstrated that the PS, insoluble at the same conditions, hinders the PP diffusion. As the PS blend content increases, the separation efficiency decreases. Particularly, mass transfer coefficient increases with PP content while PS is the matrix (PS barrier decreases). Afterwards, PP has no ulterior barriers and mass coefficient remains constant. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of compost and casing treatments of insecticides against the sciarid Bradysia ocellaris (Diptera: Sciaridae) and on the total yield of cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus
Authors: Shamshad Afsheen , Clift Alan D , Mansfield Sarah 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bradysia ocellaris (Comstock) is one of the major pests of cultivated mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. The feeding of sciarid fly larvae causes damage to the cultivation substrates, compost and casing. A comparative study of insecticidal treatments incorporated into compost and casing against B. ocellaris was conducted during 2003–2004. Treatments with an organophosphate, diazinon, a pyrazole, fipronil, and an insect growth regulator (IGR), triflumuron, were incorporated into casing. Another IGR, cyromazine, was incorporated into compost. Insecticidal incorporation into compost and casing has been associated with reductions in mushroom yield. Therefore, the effect of these insecticidal treatments on the overall yield was evaluated.RESULTS: A combined treatment, incorporation of cyromazine at 10 mg kg−1 into compost and of triflumuron at 20 mg kg−1 into casing, provided 100% control against B. ocellaris. There was no apparent reduction in yield as a result of incorporation of the tested chemicals into either compost or casing.CONCLUSION: The results obtained from this study suggest that incorporation of insecticides into both compost and casing is required to control a moderate to high pressure of insect pests. There were no significant yield reductions as a result of the incorporation of pesticides in the Australian mushroom‐growing system. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of different catalytically active and passive materials for realising a hydrogen peroxide gas sensor
Authors: Näther Niko , Henkel Hartmut , Schneider Andreas , Schöning Michael J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this work, different materials have been investigated for the realisation of a calorimetric sensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, a test equipment for the realisation of different H2O2 concentrations as well as H2O concentrations at different temperatures has been built. As catalytically active materials copper, and diverse manganese oxides have been characterised.As passive materials nickel as well as PFA (Perfluoralkoxylalkan) have been applied for constructing a reference sensor. The materials with the best performance have been chosen for the realisation of an H2O2 sensor in a TO (transistor outline) housing. The sensor has been characterised towards the H2O2 sensitivity and the disturbing factors H2O concentration and temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of GaN/AlGaN on 200 mm diameter silicon (111) wafers by MOCVD
Authors: Boyd Adam R. , Degroote Stefan , Leys Maarten , Schulte Frank , Rockenfeller Olaf , Luenenbuerger Markus , Germain Marianne , Kaeppeler Johannes , Heuken Michael 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn AlGaN based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure was grown on 200 mm diameter (111) silicon by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The growth was initiated by an AlN layer directly on Si. A level wafer temperature profile (±5 °C) was achieved throughout the process by use of a variable concentric heater profile. This was realised by monitoring the wafer temperature profile of the entire wafer in‐situ using pyrometry. Excellent uniformity, σ ∼ 1%, of each component layer was achieved across the wafer which was crack and slipline free material except for the outer 2 mm. This demonstrates the potential for growth of GaN based devices on 200 mm. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical properties of InGaN‐Si heterojunctions
Authors: Ager Joel W. , Reichertz Lothar A. , Cui Yi , Romanyuk Yaroslav E. , Kreier Daniel , Leone Stephen R. , Yu Kin Man , Schaff William J. , Walukiewicz Wladyslaw 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe electrical transport properties of n‐InxGa1–xN heterojunctions with Si(111) were investigated. InGaN films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and either an AlN or Si3N4 buffer layer was used. For x in the range of 15‐45%, an ohmic junction is obtained with p‐type Si and a rectifying junction is formed with n‐type Si. The n‐InGaN/n‐Si heterojunction device functions as a solar cell. The series resistance is lower and the power conversion efficiency is higher for InGaN devices grown with an AlN buffer layer. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Density functional study of structural and electronic properties of maximum‐spin n+1Aun−1Ag clusters
Authors: Jiang Zhen‐Yi , Hou Yu‐Qin , Lee Kuo‐Hsing , Chu San‐Yan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe structures and relative stabilities of high‐spin n+1Aun−1Ag and nAun−1Ag+ (n = 2–8) clusters have been studied with density functional calculation. We predicted the existence of a number of previously unknown isomers. Our results revealed that all structures of high‐spin neutral or cationic Aun−1Ag clusters can be understood as a substitution of an Au atom by an Ag atom in the high‐spin neutral or cationic Aun clusters. The properties of mixed gold–silver clusters are strongly sized and structural dependence. The high‐spin bimetallic clusters tend to be holding three‐dimensional geometry rather than planar form represented in their low‐spin situations. Silver atom prefers to occupy those peripheral positions until to n = 8 for high‐spin clusters, which is different from its position occupied by light atom in the low‐spin situations. Our theoretical calculations indicated that in various high‐spin Aun−1Ag neutral and cationic species, 5Au3Ag, 3AuAg and 5Au4Ag+ hold high stability, which can be explained by valence bond theory. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for detecting UGT‐mediated bioactivation of drugs as theirN‐acetylcysteine adducts in human liver microsomes
Authors: Harada Hiroshi , Endo Takuro , Momose Yasunori , Kusama Hiroshi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe detection of the reactive metabolites of drugs has recently been gaining increasing importance.In vitrotrapping studies using trapping agents such as glutathione are usually conducted for the detection of reactive metabolites, especially those of cytochrome P450‐mediated metabolism. In order to detect the UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)‐mediated bioactivation of drugs, aninvitrotrapping method usingN‐acetylcysteine (NAC) as a trapping agent followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed in this study. After the test compounds (diclofenac and ketoprofen) had been incubated in human liver microsomes with uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) and NAC, the NAC adducts formed through their acyl glucuronides were analyzed using LC/MS/MS with electrospray ionization (ESI). The NAC adduct showed a mass shift of 145 units as compared to its parent, and the characteristic ion fragmentations reflected the parent. This is a concise and high‐throughput method for evaluating reactive metabolites by UGT‐mediated bioactivation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.