bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Self‐Amplifying ROS‐Responsive Nanoplatform for Simultaneous Cuproptosis and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Hangyi , Zhang Zhenhai , Cao Yanni , Hu Yuhan , Li Yi , Zhang Lanyi , Cao Xinyi , Wen Haitong , Zhang Youwen , Lv Huixia , Jin Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCuproptosis is an emerging cell death pathway that depends on the intracellular Cu ions. Elesclomol (ES) as an efficient Cu ionophore can specifically transport Cu into mitochondria and trigger cuproptosis. However, ES can be rapidly removed and metabolized during intravenous administration, leading to a short half‐life and limited tumor accumulation, which hampers its clinical application. Here, the study develops a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive polymer (PCP) based on cinnamaldehyde (CA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to encapsulate ES‐Cu compound (EC), forming ECPCP. ECPCP significantly prolongs the systemic circulation of EC and enhances its tumor accumulation. After cellular internalization, the PCP coating stimulatingly dissociates exposing to the high‐level ROS, and releases ES and Cu, thereby triggering cell death via cuproptosis. Meanwhile, Cu2+‐stimulated Fenton‐like reaction together with CA‐stimulated ROS production simultaneously breaks the redox homeostasis, which compensates for the insufficient oxidative stress treated with ES alone, in turn inducing immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, achieving simultaneous cuproptosis and immunotherapy. Furthermore, the excessive ROS accelerates the stimuli‐dissociation of ECPCP, forming a positive feedback therapy loop against tumor self‐alleviation. Therefore, ECPCP as a nanoplatform for cuproptosis and immunotherapy improves the dual antitumor mechanism of ES and provides a potential optimization for ES clinical application.
Predicting surgical outcomes of acute diffuse peritonitis: Updated risk models based on real‐world clinical data
Authors: Sato Naoya , Hirakawa Shinya , Marubashi Shigeru , Tachimori Hisateru , Oshikiri Taro , Miyata Hiroaki , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThe existing predictive risk models for the surgical outcome of acute diffused peritonitis (ADP) need renovation by adding relevant variables such as ADP's definition or causative etiology to pursue outstanding data collection reflecting the real world. We aimed to revise the risk models predicting mortality and morbidities of ADP using the latest Japanese Nationwide Clinical Database (NCD) variable set.MethodsClinical dataset of ADP patients who underwent surgery, and registered in the NCD between 2016 and 2019, were used to develop a risk model for surgical outcomes. The primary outcome was perioperative mortality.ResultsAfter data cleanup, 45 379 surgical cases for ADP were derived for analysis. The perioperative and 30‐day mortality were 10.6% and 7.2%, respectively. The prediction models have been created for the mortality and 10 morbidities associated with the mortality. The top five relevant predictors for perioperative mortality were age >80, advanced cancer with multiple metastases, platelet count of <50 000/mL, serum albumin of <2.0 g/dL, and unknown ADP site. The C‐indices of perioperative and 30‐day mortality were 0.859 and 0.857, respectively. The predicted value calculated with the risk models for mortality was highly fitted with the actual probability from the lower to the higher risk groups.ConclusionsRisk models for postoperative mortality and morbidities with good predictive performance and reliability were revised and validated using the recent real‐world clinical dataset. These models help to predict ADP surgical outcomes accurately and are available for clinical settings.
Sex dimorphisms in coagulation: Implications in trauma‐induced coagulopathy and trauma resuscitation
Authors: Coleman Julia R. , Gumina Richard , Hund Thomas , Cohen Mitchell , Neal Matthew D. , Townsend Kristy , Kerlin Bryce A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTrauma‐induced coagulopathy (TIC) is one of the leading causes of preventable death in injured patients. Consequently, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms underlying TIC and how to mitigate this mortality. An opportunity for advancement stems from the awareness that coagulation demonstrates a strong sex‐dependent effect. Females exhibit a relative hypercoagulability compared to males, which persists after injury and confers improved outcomes. The mechanisms underlying sex dimorphisms in coagulation and its protective effect after injury have yet to be elucidated. This review explores sex dimorphisms in enzymatic hemostasis, fibrinogen, platelets, and fibrinolysis, with implications for resuscitation of patients with TIC.
ECEL1 related distal arthrogryposis 5D in an Indian cohort—Report of recognizable musculoskeletal phenotype and a possible founder variant
Authors: Endrakanti Mounika , Sharma Jyoti , Ethayathulla Abdul S. , Kaur Punit , Khan Shah Alam , Kabra Madhulika , Gupta Neerja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDistal arthrogryposis type 5D (DA5D) is clinically characterized by knee extension contractures, distal joint contractures, clubfoot, micrognathia, ptosis, and scoliosis. We report nine affected individuals from eight unrelated Indian families with DA5D. Although the overall musculoskeletal phenotype is not very distinct from other distal arthrogryposis, the presence of fixed knee extension contractures with or without scoliosis could be an important early pointer to DA5D. We also report a possible founder variant in ECEL1 along with four novel variants and further expand the genotypic spectrum of DA5D.
Metal‐Free [2+3] Dipolar Cycloaddition/Denitration Cascade between Nitroalkenes and α‐Diazoesters: Regioselective Access to Functionalized NH−Pyrazoles
Authors: Kumar Ganesh , Ray Subhasish , Saha Satyen , Shankar Singh Maya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of 1H‐pyrazoles has been realized via cascade cyclocondensation of β‐nitroalkenes as C2 synthon with α‐diazoesters as C1N2 unit. The reaction proceeds via concomitant formation of two new (C−N & C−C) bonds in one stretch leading to ethyl‐5‐nitro‐4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylate intermediate, which undergoes base mediated denitration enabling the formation of NH−pyrazoles. This protocol not only features easy operation, catalyst−free conditions, good to high yields, wide scope and late‐stage functionalization, but also opens up a new avenue for synthetically demanding and structurally non‐traditional pyrazoles. A combination of experimental and DFT studies provide evidence for the proposed mechanism.
Effects of host identity on the gut microbiota: A comparative study on three microtinae species
Authors: Yao Zhen , Zhao Wenli , Tang Baohong , Li Qinghua , Wang Zhenlong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota exert an immense effect on host health and host environmental adaptation. Furthermore, the composition and structure of gut microbiota are determined by the environment and host genetic factors. However, the relative contribution of the environment and host genetic factors toward shaping the structure of gut microbiota has been poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, we characterized the fecal microbial communities of the closely related voles Neodon fuscus, Lasiopodomys brandtii, and L. mandarinus after caged feeding in the laboratory for 6 months, through high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis.ResultsThe results of pairwise comparisons of N. fuscus vs. L. brandtii and L. mandarinus vs. L. brandtii revealed significant differences in bacterial diversity and composition after domestication. While 991 same operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were shared in three voles, there were 362, 291, and 303 species‐specific OTUs in N. fuscus, L. brandtii, and L. mandarinus, respectively. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Prevotella, which are reported to be enriched in high‐altitude populations, were significantly higher in high‐altitude N. fuscus than in low‐altitude L. brandtii after domestication. Firmicutes, which produce various digestive enzymes for energy metabolism, and Spirochaetes, which can degrade cellulose, were found in higher abundance in subterranean L. mandarinus than that in L. brandtii which dwells on the earth surface.ConclusionOur findings showed that some components of gut microbiota still maintained dominance even when different host species are reared under the same environmental conditions, suggesting that these bacteria are substantially influenced by host factors.
Scale inhibition performance of carboxylic acid polymers containing ether groups in artificial seawater: Experiments and MD simulation
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Sun Xueni , Shao Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe lowered dispersibility of carboxylic acid polymers in the seawater system with high salt content results in reduced scale inhibition efficiency. To solve this problem, a series of carboxylic acid polymers containing ether groups were prepared by free radical polymerization using α‐allyl glycerol ether (AG) and vinyl monomers containing different numbers of carboxylic acid groups (acrylic acid [AA], maleic acid [MA], itaconic acid [IA], and aconitic acid [ANA]) as raw materials, and their scale inhibition properties in artificial seawater were studied. The static test results demonstrate that IA‐AG outperforms the other three polymers containing ether carboxylic acid in terms of scale inhibition performance, with CaCO3 and CaSO4 having scale inhibition rates of 95.16% and 98.73%, respectively. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was employed to investigate the mechanism of scale inhibition by simulating the interaction between ether carboxylic acid polymers and the crystal surface. The results show that the order of binding energy between polymers and crystal faces is IA‐AG > ANA‐AG > MA‐AG > AA‐AG. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental phenomena. The polymers can overcome their own deformation and adsorb on the crystal surfaces, thus inhibiting the growth of scale.
Preparation of Ti4O7/h‐BN self‐supported ceramic photoelectrode and its photoelectrocatalytic performance for water purification
Authors: Li Shanshan , Gong Yanan , Hossain Md Azharul , Jiang Zeqi , Zhang Jiarong , Wang Guowen , Fu Yinghuan , Wang Pengyuan , Song Yu , Ma Hongchao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe construction of high‐efficiency self‐supported ceramic photoelectrode based on ideal semiconductor materials is essential for achieving effective degradation of pollutants by photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) technology. Herein, a Ti4O7/h‐BN composite ceramic photoelectrode with a unique microstructure was fabricated by a step‐by‐step calcination process and used in PEC water pollution remediation. The PEC activity of Ti4O7 ceramic photoelectrode could be enhanced by introducing hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanoparticles on the surface. The most optimized Ti4O7/h‐BN photoelectrode exhibited the decolorization rate of active brilliant blue KN‐R at about 97.79% in 30 min. The PEC activities could remain stable during five degradation cycles. The excellent photoelectrocatalytic performance of Ti4O7/h‐BN ceramic photoelectrode could be attributed to the low Tafel slope, low charge transfer resistance, large electrochemical active area, and excellent photo‐generated carrier separation efficiency. A type‐II heterojunction was formed between the Ti4O7 and h‐BN, which caused more effective carrier separation and enhanced the generation of dominant active species •O2− and h+. This work provided a mature synthesis strategy of Ti4O7/h‐BN self‐supported ceramic photoelectrodes with excellent practical application prospects to achieve superior PEC performance for water purification.
Anti‐solvent method synthesized phosphorylated microcapsules with flame retardancy and self‐healing analysis
Authors: Li Yadi , Meng Xiangbao , Song Shizemin , Qin Zhao , Zhu Yujian , Yu Xiaozhen , Wang Tong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, an anti‐solvent method is employed to encapsulate linseed oil (LO) into phosphorylated ethyl cellulose (P‐EC), successfully preparing microcapsules (LO@P‐EC). Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experimental results indicate the introduction of phosphoric groups into P‐EC, and the successful encapsulation of LO within the microcapsules, which are spherical with an average diameter of 145 μm. Hartmann tests reveal that the introduction of phosphate groups reduces the microcapsule flame propagation height by 43.75% and the average flame propagation speed by 55.67%. Thermodynamic analyses based on the Coats‐Redfern equation are performed to determine the changes in activation energy during thermal degradation. Furthermore, fitting analysis shows that the apparent activation energy of microcapsules with shell material of P‐EC significantly increases, confirming the evident thermodynamic inhibition of microcapsule deflagration by P‐EC. This is mainly attributed to the formation of a char structure by the P‐EC shell during combustion, which hinders the progress of the combustion reaction. When immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl corrosive solution for 15 days, the microcapsule‐filled epoxy resin (LO@P‐EC/EP) coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, which is mainly attributed to the excellent self‐healing properties of the microcapsule core LO.
New findings of dipteromantispids (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Upper Cretaceous Myanmar amber
Authors: Chen Cuixia , Peng Zihao , Shi Chaofan , Ren Dong , Yang Qiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA new genus and two new species, Tholimantispa zuoae gen. et sp. nov. and Mantispidipterella curvis sp. nov. are described from the Upper Cretaceous of northern Myanmar amber collected in 2015. Tholimantispa zuoae gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by its distinct pterostigma, broad costal space, bifurcate humeral veinlets, and so forth, and Mantispidipterella curvis sp. nov. is different from Mantispidipterella longissima Liu, Lu et Zhang, 2017 in its ScP (subcosta posterior) distinctly curved at fusing point with RA (radius anterior), RP (radius posterior) abruptly and angularly curved at ra‐rp (crossvein between RA and RP), AA3 (third branches of the anterior anal vein) present. The new fossil species enrich the diversity of Dipteromantispidae in the Cretaceous.
Luminogenic and Bactericidal Studies of an Acrylonitrile‐Based AIEgen
Authors: De Sagnik , Ghosh Debolina , Das Gopal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe have synthesized an aggregation‐induced emissive molecule that exhibits promising photophysical characteristics. The aggregating aptitude is demonstrated by binary solvent mixture and it is emissive in both solution and solid state. The luminogenic characteristics are employed in creating fluorescent inks as well as for the detection of nitro antibiotics in biofluids and in solid support. Moreover, the acrylonitrile‐based compound is bactericidal tested on E. coli and B. subtilis.
Efficient Absorption of CO2 by Protic‐Ionic‐Liquid Based Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Wen Shuyue , Zhang Xiaomin , Wu Youting 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are among the key technologies to achieve large‐scale carbon emission reduction globally. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered as designable solvents, which has attracted intensive attention for CO2 capture. Here, a series of binary DESs are synthesized through one‐step mixing with the starting materials of protic ionic liquid (PIL) and amine. The eutectic behavior was investigated by measuring the melting point of PILs and amine. The saturated vapor of these DESs and industrial MDEA solution were measured and compared. These DESs are investigated to have high absorption capacity (0.1 g ⋅ g−1 at 1.0 bar and 25 °C), superior apparent absorption rate constant (0.381 min−1 vs 0.012 min−1 of 70 wt.% MDEA), moderate interaction with CO2 (the enthalpy change is as low as −34.8 kJ ⋅ mol−1). The absorption mechanism is also investigated by NMR analysis. Eight absorption/desorption regeneration experiments are carried out to show their reversibility. Considering the advantages, including convenience of synthesis, large absorption capacity, fast absorption rate, and moderate interaction energy as well as good regeneration, these DESs are believed to be as potential CO2 absorbent in practical applications.
Emerging Halide Solid Electrolytes for Sodium Solid‐State Batteries: Structure, Conductivity, Paradigm of Applications
Authors: Wei Zhixuan , Nazar Linda F. , Janek Jürgen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSolid‐state sodium batteries (SSSBs) hold great promise for the development of safe, low‐cost energy storage devices. Developing solid electrolyte (SE) materials with high ionic conductivity, high chemical and electrochemical stability, as well as good mechanical properties is the most critical step. As a promising category of SEs, halide‐based solid electrolytes combine good ionic conductivity and good electrochemical stability, and they have been already widely studied for their use in lithium‐based solid‐state batteries. In contrast, knowledge of their sodium analogues is still limited. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of halide SEs for sodium ion conduction with a perspective of both experimental and theoretical studies, including the correlation of structure and properties; sodium ion conductivity and diffusivity; as well as compatibility with electrode materials. We hope this perspective can stimulate more research in developing halide‐based SSSBs.
Comparative evaluation of open book and conventional assessment methods in medical undergraduate students
Authors: Irungbam Monica , Prisi Shailata , Shrivastava Ritika , Goswami Binita 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMedical science is a dynamic field of knowledge that is constantly broadening with upcoming clinical research and analysis. Traditional medical education has been focused on textbook‐based recall assessments—closed book assessment (CBA). However, the availability of newer technologies has made the accessibility to encyclopedic knowledge expeditious, which demands for a new approach for medical education. As medical professionals, the purpose of learning should be higher cognitive skills such as interpretation and synthesis. So, analyzing students’ ability to comprehend the concepts and learning to apply it in a realistic context than merely recalling the facts has come into attention. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of 250 first‐year MBBS students at Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India, between closed book and open book method for biochemistry. Students were divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, based on their average monthly internal assessment marks. CBA was followed by open book assessment (OBA) 1 week apart with similar questionnaire pattern and allotted time. A significant difference in average marks obtained by the two groups was observed in CBA. Group A scored better in CBA, but performance was comparable with Group B in OBA. OBA and CBA can contribute to an assessment program in part because of their complementary pros and cons, and OBA should not be thought of as an alternative to CBA, but their value may be in expanding beyond what is measured by CBA.
Preservation of the heart in ancient Egyptian mummies: A computed tomography investigation with focus on the myocardium
Authors: Panzer Stephanie , Paladin Alice , Zesch Stephanie , Rosendahl Wilfried , Augat Peter , Thompson Randall C. , Miyamoto Michael I. , Sutherland M. Linda , Allam Adel H. , Wann L. Samuel , Sutherland James D. , Rowan Chris J. , Michalik David E. , Hergan Klaus , Zink Albert R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ancient Egyptians considered the heart to be the most important organ. The belief that the heart remained in the body is widespread in the archeological and paleopathological literature. The purpose of this study was to perform an overview of the preserved intrathoracic structures and thoracic and abdominal cavity filling, and to determine the prevalence and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of the myocardium in the preserved hearts of ancient Egyptian mummies. Whole‐body CT examinations of 45 ancient Egyptian mummies (23 mummies from the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Berlin, Germany, and 22 mummies from the Museo Egizio, Turin, Italy) were systematically assessed for preserved intrathoracic soft tissues including various anatomical components of the heart (pericardium, interventricular septum, four chambers, myocardium, valves). Additionally, evidence of evisceration and cavity filling was documented. In cases with identifiable myocardium, quantitative (measurements of thickness and density) and qualitative (description of the structure) assessment of the myocardial tissue was carried out. Heart structure was identified in 28 mummies (62%). In 33 mummies, CT findings demonstrated evisceration, with subsequent cavity filling in all but one case. Preserved myocardium was identified in nine mummies (five male, four female) as a mostly homogeneous, shrunken structure. The posterior wall of the myocardium had a mean maximum thickness of 3.6 mm (range 1.4–6.6 mm) and a mean minimum thickness of 1.0 mm (range 0.5–1.7 mm). The mean Hounsfield units (HU) of the myocardium at the posterior wall was 61 (range, 185–305). There was a strong correlation between the HU of the posterior wall of the myocardium and the mean HU of the muscles at the dorsal humerus (R = 0.77; p = 0.02). In two cases, there were postmortem changes in the myocardium, most probably due to insect infestation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the myocardium systematically on CT scans of ancient Egyptian mummies. Strong correlations between the densities of the myocardium and skeletal muscle indicated similar postmortem changes of the respective musculature during the mummification process within individual mummies. The distinct postmortem shrinking of the myocardium and the collapse of the left ventriclular cavity in several cases did not allow for paleopathological diagnoses such as myocardial scarring.