bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of remifentanil infusion regimens on cardiovascular function and responses to noxious stimulation in propofol-anesthetized cats
Authors: Correa Mariana do A. , Aguiar Antonio J. de A. , Neto Francisco J. Teixeira , Mendes Guilherme da M. , Steagall Paulo V. M. , Lima Alfredo F. da M. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of 2 remifentanil infusion regimens on cardiovascular function and responses to nociceptive stimulation in propofol-anesthetized cats.
Animals—8 adult cats.
Procedures—On 2 occasions, cats received acepromazine followed by propofol (6 mg/kg then 0.3 mg/kg/min, IV) and a constant rate infusion (CRI) of remifentanil (0.2 or 0.3 μg/kg/ min, IV) for 90 minutes and underwent mechanical ventilation (phase I). After recording physiologic variables, an electrical stimulus (50 V; 50 Hz; 10 milliseconds) was applied to a forelimb to assess motor responses to nociceptive stimulation. After an interval (≥ 10 days), the same cats were anesthetized via administration of acepromazine and a similar infusion regimen of propofol; the remifentanil infusion rate adjustments that were required to inhibit cardiovascular responses to ovariohysterectomy were recorded (phase II).
Results—In phase I, heart rate and arterial pressure did not differ between remifentanil- treated groups. From 30 to 90 minutes, cats receiving 0.3 μg of remifentanil/kg/min had no response to noxious stimulation. Purposeful movement was detected more frequently in cats receiving 0.2 μg of remifentanil/kg/min. In phase II, the highest dosage (mean ± SEM) of remifentanil that prevented cardiovascular responses was 0.23 ± 0.01 μg/kg/min. For all experiments, mean time from infusion cessation until standing ranged from 115 to 140 minutes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although the lower infusion rate of remifentanil allowed ovariohysterectomy to be performed, a CRI of 0.3 μg/kg/min was necessary to prevent motor response to electrical stimulation in propofol-anesthetized cats. Recovery from anesthesia was prolonged with this technique.
Cytokine mRNA expression in synovial fluid of affected and contralateral stifle joints and the left shoulder joint in dogs with unilateral disease of the stifle joint
Authors: de Bruin Tanya , de Rooster Hilde , van Bree Henri , Duchateau Luc , Cox Eric 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Objective—To examine mRNA expression of cytokines in synovial fluid (SF) cells from dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture and medial patellar luxation (MPL) and determine mRNA expression for 3 joints (affected stifle, unaffected contralateral stifle, and left shoulder joints) in dogs with unilateral CrCL rupture.
Sample Population—29 stifle joints with CrCL rupture (29 dogs), 8 stifle joints with MPL (7 dogs), and 24 normal stifle joints (16 clinically normal dogs).
Procedures—Immediately before reconstructive surgery, SF was aspirated from the cruciate-deficient stifle joint or stifle joint with MPL. Fourteen of 29 dogs had unilateral CrCL rupture; SF was also aspirated from the unaffected contralateral stifle joint and left shoulder joint. Those 14 dogs were examined 6 and 12 months after reconstructive surgery. Total RNA was extracted from SF cells and reverse transcription–PCR assay was performed to obtain cDNA. Canine-specific cytokine mRNA expression was determined by use of a real-time PCR assay.
Results—Interleukin (IL)-8 and -10 and interferon-G expression differed significantly between dogs with arthropathies and dogs with normal stifle joints. For the 14 dogs with unilateral CrCL rupture, a significant difference was found for IL-8 expression. Before reconstructive surgery, IL-8 expression differed significantly between the affected stifle joint and left shoulder joint or contralateral stifle joint. Six months after surgery, IL-8 expression was significantly increased in the unaffected contralateral stifle joint, compared with the shoulder joint.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No conclusions can be made regarding the role of the examined cytokines in initiation of CrCL disease.
Dynamic computed tomographic quantitation of hepatic perfusion in dogs with and without portal vascular anomalies
Authors: Zwingenberger Allison L. , Shofer Frances S. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Objective—To compare hepatic, pancreatic, and gastric perfusion on dynamic computed tomography (CT) scans of clinically normal dogs with those of dogs with portal vascular anomalies.
Sample Population—Dynamic computed tomography (CT) scans of 10 clinically normal dogs and 21 dogs with portal vascular anomalies.
Procedures—Retrospective analysis of dynamic CT scans. Hepatic arterial perfusion, hepatic portal perfusion, total hepatic perfusion, hepatic perfusion index, gastric perfusion, and pancreatic perfusion were calculated from time attenuation curves.
Results—Mean ± hepatic arterial perfusion was significantly higher in affected dogs (0.57 ± 0.27 mL/min•mL−1) than in clinically normal dogs (0.23 ± 0.11 mL/min•mL−1), and hepatic portal perfusion was significantly lower in affected dogs (0.52 ± 0.47 mL/min•mL−1) than in clinically normal dogs (1.08 ± 0.45 mL/min•mL−1). This was reflected in the hepatic perfusion index, which was significantly higher in affected dogs (0.59 ± 0.34), compared with clinically normal dogs (0.19 ± 0.07). Gastric perfusion was significantly higher in dogs with portal vascular anomalies (0.72 ± 0.44 mL/min•mL−1) than in clinically normal dogs (0.41 ± 0.21 mL/min•mL−1), but total hepatic perfusion and pancreatic perfusion were not significantly different. Among subgroups, dogs with congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and dogs with arterioportal fistulae had higher hepatic arterial perfusion than did clinically normal dogs. Dogs with congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts also had an increase in gastric perfusion and hepatic perfusion index.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hepatic perfusion variables measured on CT scans revealed differences in hemodynamics between clinically normal dogs and those with portal vascular anomalies.
Pharmacologic characterization of novel adenosine A2A receptor agonists in equine neutrophils
Authors: Sun Wan-chun , Moore James N. , Hurley David J. , Vandenplas Michel L. , Linden Joel M. , Murray Thomas F. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of several novel adenosine receptor agonists and to determine their specificity for various adenosine receptor subtypes on neutrophils, cells heterologously expressing equine adenosine receptors, or equine brain membranes.
Sample Population—Neutrophils isolated from 8 healthy horses.
Procedures—Radioligand binding experiments were performed to compare binding affinities of adenosine receptor agonists to equine adenosine A1, A2A, and A3 receptor subtypes. Effects of these agonists on endotoxin-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by equine neutrophils and roles of specific adenosine receptor subtypes and cAMP production in mediating these effects were determined.
Results—Radioligand binding experiments yielded a ranked order of affinity for the brain equine A2A receptor on the basis of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the agonists as follows: ATL307 (IC50 = 1.9nM) and ATL313 > ATL309 and ATL310 > ATL202 > 2-([p-2- carboxyethyl] phenylethylamino)-5′-N-ethylcarboxyamidoadenosine > 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine. Furthermore, ATL313 had approximately 100-fold greater selectivity for A2A over A1 and A3 receptors. In functional assays with equine neutrophils, the compounds inhibited endotoxin-induced ROS production and stimulated production of cAMP with the same ranked order of potency. Results of experiments performed with selective adenosine receptor antagonists indicated that functional effects of ATL313 were via stimulation of A2A receptors.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that activation of A2A receptors exerted anti-inflammatory effects on equine neutrophils and that stable, highly selective adenosine A2A receptor agonists may be developed for use in management of horses and other domestic animals with septic and nonseptic inflammatory diseases.
Long-term palliation of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs by use of a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt
Authors: Brockman Daniel J. , Holt David E. , Gaynor J. William , Theman Terrill E. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Objective—To describe a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (mBT) procedure and assess its use in dogs with clinical signs associated with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).
Design—Descriptive report.
Animals—6 dogs with severe TOF-associated clinical signs.
Procedures—Each dog had TOF (confirmed echocardiographically or angiographically) and underwent an mBT shunt procedure for surgical palliation of signs. The surgery was performed through a left fourth rib resection or a left fifth intercostal thoracotomy. The left subclavian artery was dissected free from surrounding mediastinal tissue. The main pulmonary artery trunk was exposed through an incision in the overlying pericardium. A shunt comprised of a 6-mm-diameter tube of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (5 dogs) or a segment of carotid artery (1 dog) was sutured end to side between the left subclavian artery and pulmonary artery trunk.
Results—5 of the 6 dogs survived the immediate postoperative period. The dog that died shortly after surgery was the smallest of the dogs (weight, 2.9 kg [6.38 lb]) and had received the carotid artery autograft. Three dogs survived long term and 2 dogs died of unknown causes 6 years after undergoing the mBT shunt procedure. In all dogs that survived the mBT procedure, shunt patency was confirmed and quality of life appeared improved.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These findings have suggested that the mBT shunt procedure safely provides long-term palliation of TOF-associated clinical signs in dogs. In addition, it may offer an effective low-risk and lower-cost alternative to open heart repair of TOF.
Heterotopic implantation of a porcine bioprosthetic heart valve in a dog with aortic valve endocarditis
Authors: Arai Shiori , Wright Bonnie D. , Miyake Yukari , Boon June A. , Orton E. Christopher 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Case Description—A 5-year-old male German Shepherd Dog was evaluated because of a 5-month history of progressive lethargy, weight loss, and heart failure.
Clinical Findings—On physical examination, bounding femoral pulses and systolic and diastolic murmurs were detected. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic valve insufficiency (AVI) and a large vegetative lesion on the aortic valve consistent with aortic valve endocarditis. The AVI velocity profile half-time was 130 milliseconds; the calculated peak systolic pressure gradient across the aortic valve was 64 mm Hg. Left ventricular diameter during diastole was 63.6 mm (predicted range, 40.2 to 42 mm) and during systole was 42.9 mm (predicted range, 25.4 to 27 mm). Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were 120, 43, and 65 mm Hg, respectively.
Treatment and Outcome—To palliate severe AVI, the descending aorta was occluded (duration, 16.75 minutes) and heterotopic implantation of a porcine bioprosthetic heart valve in that vessel was performed. After surgery, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were 115, 30, and 61 mm Hg, respectively, in the forelimb and 110, 62, and 77 mm Hg, respectively, in the hind limb. Within 6 months, the AVI velocity profile half-time had increased to 210 milliseconds, indicating diminished severity of AVI. After 24 months, the dog was able to engage in vigorous exercise; no pulmonary edema had developed since surgery.
Clinical Relevance—Heterotopic bioprosthetic heart valve implantation into the descending aorta during brief aortic occlusion appears feasible in dogs and may provide substantial palliation for dogs with severe AVI.
Acute pulmonary hemorrhage during isoflurane anesthesia in two cats exposed to toxic black mold (Stachybotrys chartarum)
Authors: Mader Douglas R. , Yike Iwona , Distler Anne M. , Dearborn Dorr G. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Case Description—Acute pulmonary hemorrhage developed during isoflurane anesthesia in 2 Himalayan cats undergoing routine dental cleaning and prophylaxis.
Clinical Findings—The cats were siblings and lived together. In both cats, results of pre-operative physical examinations and laboratory testing were unremarkable. Blood pressure and oxygen saturation were within reference ranges throughout the dental procedure. Approximately 15 to 20 minutes after administration of isoflurane was begun, frothy blood was noticed within the endotracheal tube. Blood was suctioned from the endotracheal tube, and the cats were allowed to recover from anesthesia.
Treatment and Outcome—1 cat initially responded to supportive care but developed a second episode of spontaneous pulmonary hemorrhage approximately 30 hours later and died. The other cat responded to supportive care and was discharged after 4 days, but its condition deteriorated, and the cat died 10 days later. Subsequently, it was discovered that the home was severely contaminated with mold as a result of storm damage that had occurred approximately 7 months previously. Retrospective analysis of banked serum from the cats revealed satratoxin G, a biomarker for Stachybotrys chartarum, commonly referred to as “toxic black mold.”
Clinical Relevance—Findings highlight the potential risk of acute pulmonary hemorrhage in animals living in an environment contaminated with mold following flood damage.
Evaluation of strontium Sr 90 for the treatment of superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal planum in cats: 49 cases (1990–2006)
Authors: Hammond Genevieve M. , Gordon Ira K. , Theon Alain P. , Kent Michael S. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine progression-free and overall survival times of cats with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal planum following treatment with a single fraction of strontium Sr 90 (90Sr).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—49 cats with SCC of the nasal planum.
Procedures—Information including FIV infection status, diagnosis of SCC vs SCC in situ (ie, evidence that the tumor did or did not penetrate the epidermal basement membrane, respectively), 90Sr dose and number of probe applications, treatment-related response and complications, and recurrence of SCC and new lesion development was obtained from medical records. The relationships of these variables with calculated progression-free and overall survival times were assessed.
Results—Of 49 cats that underwent 90Sr plesiotherapy (median dose, 128 Gy), 48 (98%) had a response to treatment and 43 (88%) had a complete response. Median progression-free and overall survival times were 1,710 and 3,076 days, respectively. Treatment complications were infrequent (4 [8%] cats) and mild. Following treatment, the SCC recurrence rate was 20% (10/49 cats); 16 (33%) cats developed new lesions in other locations. Overall survival time was significantly longer for cats with a complete response to treatment than for those with a partial response. None of the other variables evaluated had a significant effect on progression-free or overall survival time.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment of cats with SCC of the nasal planum with a single fraction of 90Sr appeared to be effective and well tolerated. Initial response to treatment was predictive of overall survival time.
Gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain in a pregnant horse
Authors: Davis Jennifer L. , Posner Lysa P. , Elce Yvonne 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Case Description—A 24-year-old 732-kg (1,610-lb) pregnant Belgian draft horse mare developed neuropathy and signs of intractable pain following colic surgery.
Clinical Findings—Following recovery from colic surgery to treat compression of the small and large intestines because of a large fetus, the mare was noticed to have signs of femoral neuropathy involving the left hind limb. Within 36 hours after recovery, the mare developed signs of severe pain that were unresponsive to conventional treatment. No gastrointestinal tract or muscular abnormalities were found, and the discomfort was attributed to neuropathic pain.
Treatment and Outcome—The mare was treated with gabapentin (2.5 mg/kg [1.1 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h). Shortly after this treatment was initiated, the mare appeared comfortable and no longer had signs of pain. Treatment was continued for 6 days, during which the dosage was progressively decreased, and the mare was discharged. The mare subsequently delivered a healthy foal.
Clinical Relevance—Gabapentin appeared to be a safe, effective, and economical treatment for neuropathic pain in this horse.
Constitutive and blood meal‐induced trypsin genes in Lutzomyia longipalpis
Authors: Telleria Erich Loza , Pitaluga André nóbrega , Ortigão‐Farias João Ramalho , de Araújo Adriana Pereira Oliveira , Ramalho‐Ortigão José Marcelo , Traub‐Cseko Yara Maria 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTrypsins constitute some of the most abundant midgut digestive proteases expressed by hematophagous insects upon blood feeding. In addition to their role in the digestion of the blood meal, these proteases also have been implicated in the ability of certain pathogens to infect their natural vector. In sand flies, digestive proteases including trypsins were associated with early killing of Leishmania and are believed to play a role in the species‐specificity dictating sand fly vectorial capacity. Our group is involved in studies of midgut digestive proteases in the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, the principal vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Here we report on the identification of two cDNAs, Lltryp1 and Lltryp2, which code for putative midgut trypsins in L. longipalpis. Analyses of RNA abundance using semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR show a different pattern of expression between the two genes. Lltryp1 expression remains undetected until blood feeding and reaches a peak at 12 h post‐blood meal (PBM), returning to pre‐blood meal levels at 72 h PBM. Additionally, Lltryp1 expression is undetected during larval development. Lltryp2, on the other hand, is constitutively expressed as high levels in the non‐blood fed female, but is reduced upon blood feeding. At the end of the digestive cycle, Lltryp2 regains its pre‐blood meal levels. This cDNA also is present in all developmental stages and in adult males. This pattern of expression is reminiscent of what is seen in mosquitoes and Old World sand flies, but has characteristics that are unique to L. longipalpis. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 66:53–63, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimized bone regeneration based on sustained release from three‐dimensional fibrous PLGA/HAp composite scaffolds loaded with BMP‐2
Authors: Fu Yin‐Chih , Nie Hemin , Ho Mei‐Ling , Wang Chih‐Kuang , Wang Chi‐Hwa 
Published: September 2007

AbstractContemporary treatment of critical bone defect remains a significant challenge in the field of orthopedic surgery. Engineered biomaterials combined with growth factors have emerged as a new treatment alternative in bone repair and regeneration. Our approach is to encapsulate bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) into a polymeric matrix in different ways and characterize their individual performance in a nude mouse model. The main objective of this study is to examine whether the PLGA/HAp composite fibrous scaffolds loaded with BMP‐2 through electrospinning can improve bone regeneration. The hypothesis is that different loading methods of BMP‐2 and different HAp contents in scaffolds can alternate the release profiles of BMP‐2 in vivo, therefore modify the performance of scaffolds in bone regeneration. Firstly, mechanical strength of scaffolds and HAp nanoparticles distribution in scaffolds were investigated. Secondly, nude mice experiments extended to 6 weeks were carried out to test the in vivo performance of these scaffolds, in which measurements, like serum BMP‐2 concentration, ALP activity, X‐ray qualification, and H&E/IHC tissue staining were utilized to monitor the growth of new bone and the changes of the corresponding biochemical parameters. The results showed that the PLGA/HAp composite scaffolds developed in this study exhibited good morphology/mechanical strength and HAp nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed inside PLGA matrix. Results from the animal experiments indicate that the bioactivity of BMP‐2 released from the fibrous PLGA/HAp composite scaffolds is well maintained, which further improves the formation of new bone and the healing of segmental defects in vivo. It is concluded that BMP‐2 loaded PLGA/HAp composite scaffolds are promising for bone healing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008; 99; 996–1006. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shear‐induced intracellular loading of cells with molecules by controlled microfluidics
Authors: Hallow Daniel M. , Seeger Richard A. , Kamaev Pavel P. , Prado Gustavo R. , LaPlaca Michelle C. , Prausnitz Mark R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that controlled flow through microchannels can cause shear‐induced intracellular loading of cells with molecules. The overall goal was to design a simple device to expose cells to fluid shear stress and thereby increase plasma membrane permeability. DU145 prostate cancer cells were exposed to fluid shear stress in the presence of fluorescent cell‐impermeant molecules by using a cone‐and‐plate shearing device or high‐velocity flow through microchannels. Using a syringe pump, cell suspensions were flowed through microchannels of 50–300 µm diameter drilled through Mylar® sheets using an excimer laser. As quantified by flow cytometry, intracellular uptake and loss of viability correlated with the average shear stress. Optimal results were observed when exposing the cells to high shear stress for short durations in conical channels, which yielded uptake to over one‐third of cells while maintaining viability at approximately 80%. This method was capable of loading cells with molecules including calcein (0.62 kDa), large molecule weight dextrans (150–2,000 kDa), and bovine serum albumin (66 kDa). These results supported the hypothesis that shear‐induced intracellular uptake could be generated by flow of cell suspensions through microchannels and further led to the design of a simple, inexpensive, and effective device to deliver molecules into cells. Such a device could benefit biological research and the biotechnology industry. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 846–854. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Ottelione A, (−)‐Ottelione B, (+)‐3‐epi‐Ottelione A and Preliminary Evaluation of Their Antitumor Activity
Authors: Araki Hiroshi , Inoue Munenori , Suzuki Takeyuki , Yamori Takao , Kohno Michiaki , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Abe Hideki , Katoh Tadashi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEnantioselective total synthesis of (+)‐ottelione A (1) and (−)‐ottelione B (2), novel and potent antitumor agents from a freshwater plant, and (+)‐3‐epi‐ottelione A (3), the earlier proposed stereostructure of 1, was efficiently achieved starting from the known tricyclic compound 10. The synthesis involved the following key steps: i) coupling reactions of aldehydes 8 and 9 with the aromatic portion 7 (8+7→15 and 9+7→27), ii) base‐induced hemiacetal‐opening/epimerization reactions of the cyclic hemiacetals 6 and 27 (6→17 and 27 a→26 a), and iii) Corey–Winter's reductive olefination of the cyclic thiocarbonates 21 and 36 (21→22 and 36→37). The present total synthesis fully established the absolute configuration of these natural products. The cell growth inhibition profile, COMPARE analysis, and tubulin inhibitory assay of (+)‐3‐epi‐ottelione A (3) and its O‐acetyl derivative 24 demonstrated that these unnatural substances could be prominent lead compounds for the development of anticancer agents with a novel mode of action.