bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders Among Individuals Experiencing Homelessness
Authors: Barry Rebecca , Anderson Jennifer , Tran Lan , Bahji Anees , Dimitropoulos Gina , Ghosh S. Monty , Kirkham Julia , Messier Geoffrey , Patten Scott B. , Rittenbach Katherine , Seitz Dallas 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceSeveral factors may place people with mental health disorders, including substance use disorders, at increased risk of experiencing homelessness and experiencing homelessness may also increase the risk of developing mental health disorders. Meta-analyses examining the prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness globally are lacking.ObjectiveTo determine the current and lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness and identify associated factors.Data SourcesA systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and AMED) was conducted from inception to May 1, 2021.Study SelectionStudies investigating the prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness aged 18 years and older were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction was completed using standardized forms in Covidence. All extracted data were reviewed for accuracy by consensus between 2 independent reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the prevalence (with 95% CIs) of mental health disorders in people experiencing homelessness. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex, study year, age group, region, risk of bias, and measurement method. Meta-regression was conducted to examine the association between mental health disorders and age, risk of bias, and study year.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCurrent and lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness.ResultsA total of 7729 citations were retrieved, with 291 undergoing full-text review and 85 included in the final review (N = 48 414 participants, 11 154 [23%] female and 37 260 [77%] male). The current prevalence of mental health disorders among people experiencing homelessness was 67% (95% CI, 55-77), and the lifetime prevalence was 77% (95% CI, 61-88). Male individuals exhibited a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders (86%; 95% CI, 74-92) compared to female individuals (69%; 95% CI, 48-84). The prevalence of several specific disorders were estimated, including any substance use disorder (44%), antisocial personality disorder (26%), major depression (19%), schizophrenia (7%), and bipolar disorder (8%).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings demonstrate that most people experiencing homelessness have mental health disorders, with higher prevalences than those observed in general community samples. Specific interventions are needed to support the mental health needs of this population, including close coordination of mental health, social, and housing services and policies to support people experiencing homelessness with mental disorders.
Self‐Powered and Highly Efficient Ion‐Diffused MAPbBr3 Perovskite Single Crystal‐Based UV–Vis Photodiode
Authors: Perveen Abida , Xu Yubing , Abubakar Syed Muhammad , Sellan Premkumar , Xin Wang , Saeed Fawad , Hussain Sajid , Bae Byung Seong , Zhou Jianming , Zhu Ying , Lei Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe perovskite single crystals (PSC) produced by solution‐processed metallic ions doping have a thick p–n junction (greater than 10 µm). Meanwhile, to achieve high responsivity, the carrier drift length (µτE) has to be larger than the dimensions of the detector. If the p–n junction is quite thick, a high bias voltage is required. For the practical application of photodiode, it is imperative to find a means to generate a thin p–n junction. A productive technique is suggested for forming a thin p–n junction by diffusing metallic ions, resulting in a longer drift length of the carrier than the depletion width. Thinner p–n junction leads to reduced dark current density (0.5 µA cm−2), low trap density (5.71 × 108 cm−3), high mobility (417 cm2 V−1 s−1), and hence increased responsivity (77.69 A W−1) for 30 µW cm−2 UV illumination under a low applied voltage of −15 V. A quick response time with a rise/fall duration of 22 ms/30 ms under 0 V and long‐term stability for over 3 months in ambient airis achieved. To comprehend the performance with the thinner p–n junction‐based photodiodes, the results under UV–Vis illumination are examined and compared. The outcomes hint at a method that holds promise for producing efficient photodiodes.
Manganese‐Mediated Electrooxidative Ring‐Opening Azidation of Cyclobutanol Derivatives with TMSN3
Authors: Gao Wen‐Chao , Yang Jie , Teng Yong , Li Wen‐Dian , Li Wen‐Guang , Li Ting 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA Mn‐electrocatalytic ring‐opening azidation of tert‐cyclobutanols has been developed. The regioselective method is applicable for the azidation of a diverse array of cyclobutanols to provide practical γ‐azido ketones in 23–91% yields under chemical oxidants‐free reaction conditions. Detailed mechanistic studies suggest the process of Mn‐mediated alkoxy radical generation followed by β‐scission to form carbon‐centered radical species is possibly involved in this transformation.
Conversion Reaction of the Zinc Sulfate Hydroxide Activated by Voltage Modulation for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn/MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhen , Fang Yixing , Shi Jie , Ma Zhihui , Qu Xuanhui , Li Ping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe reaction chemistry and degradation mechanism of MnO2‐based cathodes remain controversial, which hinder their applications in energy storage. Herein, a conversion reaction between Zn4SO4·(OH)6·nH2O (ZSH) and ZnxMnO(OH)2 (ZMO) is proposed in ZnSO4‐based electrolytes. The conversion reaction is an important component of the reaction chemistry as well as the Zn2+/H+ intercalation/deintercalation reaction, which not only provides electrochemical capacity but also dominates the degradation of MnO2 cathodes. The massive accumulation of inactive ZMO seriously destroying the dynamic performance of MnO2 cathodes is deemed to be a principal trigger of the degradation mechanism. Intriguingly, the conversion reaction is sensitive to voltage, which can be activated by voltage modulation. Active ZMO generated in the activated conversion reaction is endowed with higher reversibility and electrooxidation, avoiding the accumulation of inactive ZMO and the decline of kinetic performance, which are evidenced by MnO2 and ZSH cathodes. Accordingly, superior cycling stability with a capacity retention of 89.1% after 2000 cycles is achieved at 2 A g−1 for the MnO2 cathode equipped with the activated conversion reaction. Impressively, the conversion reaction activated by voltage modulation is applicable to various crystal forms of MnO2 (α‐, β‐, γ‐, δ‐), which is significant for the ZIBs with a long lifespan.
Dual‐Phase Reaction Sintering for Overcoming the Inherent Sintering Ability of Refractory Electrolytes in Protonic Ceramic Cells
Authors: Kim Junseok , Yun Jiwon , Lee Wanjae , Kim Do‐Hyeong , Guha Puspendu , Hwang Jin‐Ha , Kwon Deok‐Hwang , Yang Sungeun , Lee Jong‐Ho , Yoon Kyung Joong , Son Ji‐Won , Nahm Sahn , Choi Sihyuk , Ji Ho‐Il 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe proton‐conducting oxides, widely employed as electrolytes in ceramic electrochemical cells, exhibit remarkable proton conductivity that facilitates efficient energy conversion processes. However, their inherent refractory nature poses a challenge in producing chemically stoichiometric and physically dense electrolytes within devices. Here a novel approach is presented, dual‐phase reaction sintering, which can overcome the inherent low sintering ability of the representative BaCeO3‐δ‒BaZrO3‐δ proton conducting oxides. This approach involves the simultaneous transformation of a two‐phase mixture (comprising fast‐sintering and slow‐sintering phases) into a complete single‐phase solid solution compound, along with the densification of the electrolyte, all accomplished within a single‐step heating cycle. During the dual‐phase reaction sintering process, the grains of the fast‐sintering phase experience rapid growth owing to their intrinsic superior sintering ability. Additionally, this growth is augmented by the Ostwald ripening behavior manifested by the smaller slow‐sintering phase. This synergistic strategy is validated using BaCe0.4Zr0.4Y0.1Yb0.1O3‐δ, and its applicability in electrochemical cells is demonstrated, resulting in a significant enhancement in performance. These findings offer insights into streamlining the preparation of refractory ion‐conducting ceramic electrolytes while maintaining their intrinsic properties for practical applications.
The prognostic impact of perioperative dynamic changes in cachexia index in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Akaoka Munetoshi , Haruki Koichiro , Yamahata Yuto , Okazaki Kohei , Furukawa Kenei , Tsunematsu Masashi , Shirai Yoshihiro , Onda Shinji , Matsumoto Michinori , Ikegami Toru 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe cachexia index (CXI), which consists of skeletal muscle, inflammation, and nutritional status, has been associated with prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesized that dynamic changes in CXI might be associated with long‐term outcomes in HCC.MethodsThis study comprised 131 patients who had undergone primary hepatic resection for HCC between 2008 and 2019. Preoperative CXI (pre‐CXI) and postoperative CXI (post‐CXI) were calculated by the following formula: skeletal muscle index x serum albumin level / neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio. Pre‐ and post‐CXI were classified into two groups (high vs. low). We retrospectively investigated the association of perioperative dynamic changes in CXI with disease‐free and overall survival.ResultsIn multivariate analyses, negative HBs‐antigen (p = 0.02), high serum PIVKA‐II level (p < 0.01), poor tumor differentiation (p = 0.02), multiple tumors (p < 0.01), microvascular invasion (p < 0.01), partial resection (p < 0.01), postoperative complications (p < 0.01), and low‐pre‐CXI (p < 0.01) were significant predictors of disease‐free survival, while high ICGR15 (p = 0.01), poor tumor differentiation (p < 0.01), multiple tumors (p = 0.01), postoperative complications (p < 0.01), low‐pre‐CXI (p < 0.01), and low‐post‐CXI (p < 0.01) were significant predictors of overall survival. Low‐post‐CXI was associated with older age (p = 0.045), larger tumor (p < 0.01), longer operation time (p = 0.047), greater intraoperative bleeding (p < 0.01), and intraoperative blood transfusion (p < 0.01). Moreover, dynamic changes in CXI were associated with overall survival in each subgroup of patients with low‐pre‐CXI (p = 0.02) or high‐pre‐CXI (p = 0.03).ConclusionsNot only post‐CXI but also dynamic changes in CXI from pre‐ to post‐hepatectomy can be a prognostic indicator of HCC, providing a compelling rationale for aggressive perioperative nutritional and physical interventions to improve long‐term outcomes.
Attention to Entropic Communication
Authors: Enßlin Torsten , Weidinger Carolin , Frank Philipp 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe concept of attention has proven to be very relevant in artificial intelligence. Relative entropy (RE, aka Kullback‐Leibler divergence) plays a central role in communication theory. Here, these concepts, attention, and RE are combined. RE guides optimal encoding of messages in bandwidth‐limited communication as well as optimal message decoding via the maximum entropy principle. In the coding scenario, RE can be derived from four requirements, namely being analytical, local, proper, and calibrated. Weighted RE, used for attention steering in communications, turns out to be improper. To see how proper attention communication can emerge, a scenario of a message sender who wants to ensure that the receiver of the message can perform well‐informed actions is analyzed. In case only the curvature of the utility function maxima are known, it becomes desirable to accurately communicate an attention function, in this case a by this curvature weighted and re‐normalized probability function. Entropic attention communication is here proposed as the desired generalization of entropic communication that permits weighting while being proper, thereby aiding the design of optimal communication protocols in technical applications and helping to understand human communication. It provides the level of cooperation expected under misaligned interests of otherwise honest communication partners.
Investigation of collector desorption behavior on the coal surface during flotation conditioning
Authors: Li Fengwei , Zhang Yong , Zhu Hongzheng , Pan Gaochao , Wang Xiaojian , Chen Kun , Ou Zhanbei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMechanical stirring during the flotation conditioning process is a commonly employed and efficient method to enhance the effectiveness of slurry conditioning. However, excessive stirring intensity can lead to the desorption of collectors from the surface of coal slurry particles, compromising the conditioning efficacy. Thus, determining the optimal range of stirring intensity to enhance conditioning performance is necessary. The influence of stirring speed on the adsorption rate of coal oil and the desorption behavior of coal oil on the surface of coal slurry was investigated. Adsorption rates were measured and calculated using a UV spectrophotometer. An in‐house desorption test apparatus and a high‐speed motion capture system were employed to study the contact angle, adsorption area, deformation degree, and the forces acting on the adsorbed oil droplets under stirring conditions. Results indicated that the stirring speed significantly impacted the adsorption rate of the coal slurry. On increasing the stirring speed, the adsorption rate exhibited three distinct phases, that is, an increase, decrease, and stabilization. A maximum adsorption rate of 78.37% was observed at a stirrer rotation speed of 800 r/min, highlighting the crucial role of optimal stirring speed during conditioning. Both excessively high and low speeds were found to be detrimental to the conditioning process. As the stirring speed increased, the contact angle and contact area of the adsorbed oil droplets also increased, leading to an enhanced adsorption effect. Furthermore, the degree of deformation of the oil droplets increased with rising speed, accompanied by a reduction in stability.
An Encyclopedic Compendium on Chemosensing Supramolecular Metal‐Organic Gels
Authors: Sharma Arun , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChemosensing, an interdisciplinary scientific domain, plays a pivotal role ranging from environmental monitoring to healthcare diagnostics and (inter)national security. Metal‐organic gels (MOGs) are recognized for their stability, selectivity, and responsiveness, making them valuable for chemosensing applications. Researchers have explored the development of MOGs based on different metal ions and ligands, allowing for tailored properties and sensitivities, and have even demonstrated their applications as portable sensors such as paper‐based test strips for practical use. Herein, several studies related to MOGs development and their applications in the chemosensing field via UV‐visible or luminance along with electrochemical approach are presented. These papers explored MOGs as versatile materials with their use in sensing bio or environmental analytes. This review provides a foundational understanding of key concepts, methodologies, and recent advancements in this field, fostering the scientific community.
Reduktion der sommerlichen Überhitzung durch ökologische Innenwände im Holzbau
Authors: Fischer Henriette , Wimmer Werner , Korjenic Azra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAufgrund des Klimawandels steigt die Bedeutung des sommerlichen Hitzeschutzes. Holzleichtbauweisen stellen eine besonders ökologische Bauweise mit geringen Umweltwirkungen dar, obwohl sie immer wieder mit dem Vorurteil zu kämpfen hat, dass sie aufgrund geringerer thermischer Speichermasse keine klimaangepasste Bauweise ist. In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Wahl der Baumaterialien von Innenwänden auf die sommerliche Überhitzung und auf den Energieverbrauch von Holzgebäuden hat. Dafür wurden in einem Einraummodell in WUFI Plus fünf verschiedene Innenwände in Kombination mit zwei verschiedenen Außenwänden in zwei Szenarien (Ausrichtung Süden ohne Verschattung als „worst case“ und Ausrichtung Norden plus Verschattung als „best case“) simuliert. Durch die Anwendung von ökologischen, wärmespeicherfähigen, hygroskopischen Innenwänden kann die operative Temperatur je nach Ausrichtung und Verschattung um bis zu 1,48 °C reduziert werden, insbesonders werden Temperaturspitzen in den Sommermonaten gesenkt. Sofern ein Innenraumklima unter 25 °C angestrebt wird, bedeutet das eine Reduktion des Kühlbedarfs um maximal 26 %. Die Innenwände aus Stampflehm bzw. Holzmassivkonstruktion mit 3 cm Lehmputz erreichten die größte Reduktion. Insgesamt ist die Holzleichtbauweise in Kombination mit raumseitig ökologischen, speicherfähigen, hygroskopischen Baumaterialien eine zukunftsfähige, klimawandelangepasste Bauweise mit geringen Umweltauswirkungen.
Nanomaterial‐assisted oncolytic bacteria in solid tumor diagnosis and therapeutics
Authors: Zeng Xiangdi , Chen Qi , Chen Tingtao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCancer presents a formidable challenge in modern medicine due to the intratumoral heterogeneity and the dynamic microenvironmental niche. Natural or genetically engineered oncolytic bacteria have always been hailed by scientists for their intrinsic tumor‐targeting and oncolytic capacities. However, the immunogenicity and low toxicity inevitably constrain their application in clinical practice. When nanomaterials, characterized by distinctive physicochemical properties, are integrated with oncolytic bacteria, they achieve mutually complementary advantages and construct efficient and safe nanobiohybrids. In this review, we initially analyze the merits and drawbacks of conventional tumor therapeutic approaches, followed by a detailed examination of the precise oncolysis mechanisms employed by oncolytic bacteria. Subsequently, we focus on harnessing nanomaterial‐assisted oncolytic bacteria (NAOB) to augment the effectiveness of tumor therapy and utilizing them as nanotheranostic agents for imaging‐guided tumor treatment. Finally, by summarizing and analyzing the current deficiencies of NAOB, this review provides some innovative directions for developing nanobiohybrids, intending to infuse novel research concepts into the realm of solid tumor therapy.
Strategies to improve CHO cell culture performance: Targeted deletion of amino acid catabolism and apoptosis genes paired with growth inhibitor supplementation
Authors: Lam Cynthia , Sargon Alyssa , Diaz Camil , Lai Zijuan , Sangaraju Dewakar , Yuk Inn , Barnard Gavin , Misaghi Shahram 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant host of choice for recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) expression. Recent advancements in gene editing technology have enabled engineering new CHO hosts with higher growth, viability, or productivity. One approach involved knock out (KO) of BCAT1 gene, which codes for the first enzyme in the branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism pathway; BCAT1 KO reduced accumulation of growth inhibitory short chain fatty acid (SCFA) byproducts and improved culture growth and titer when used in conjunction with high‐end pH‐controlled delivery of glucose (HiPDOG) technology and SCFA supplementation during production. Accumulation of SCFAs in the culture media is critical for metabolic shift toward higher specific productivity and hence titer. Here we describe knocking out BCKDHa/b genes (2XKO), which act downstream of the BCAT1, in a BAX/BAK KO CHO host cell line background to reduce accumulation of growth‐inhibitory molecules in culture. Evaluation of the new 4XKO CHO cell lines in fed‐batch production cultures (without HiPDOG) revealed that partial KO of BCKDHa/b genes in an apoptosis‐resistant (BAX/BAK KO) background can achieve higher viabilities and mAb titers. This was evident when SCFAs were added to boost productivity as such additives negatively impacted culture viability in the WT but not BAX/BAK KO cells during batch production. Altogether, our findings suggest that SCFA addbacks can significantly increase productivity and mAb titers in the context of apoptosis‐attenuated CHO cells with partial KO of BCAA genes. Such engineered CHO hosts can offer productivity advantages for expressing biotherapeutics in an industrial setting.
Identifying predictors of COVID‐related delays in cancer‐specific medical care
Authors: Greteman Breanna B. , Del Vecchio Natalie J. , Garcia‐Auguste Crystal J. , Kahl Amanda R. , Gryzlak Brian M. , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. , Charlton Mary E. , Nash Sarah H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeEvidence of the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cancer prevention and control is growing, but little is known about patient‐level factors associated with delayed care. We analyzed data from a survey focused on Iowan cancer patients' COVID‐19 experiences in the early part of the pandemic.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the University of Iowa Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center's Patients Enhancing Research Collaborations at Holden (PERCH) program. We surveyed respondents on demographic characteristics, COVID‐19 experiences and reactions, and delays in any cancer‐related health care appointment, or cancer‐related treatment appointments. Two‐sided significance tests assessed differences in COVID‐19 experiences and reactions between those who experienced delays and those who did not.ResultsThere were 780 respondents (26% response), with breast, prostate, kidney, skin, and colorectal cancers representing the majority of respondents. Delays in cancer care were reported by 29% of respondents. In multivariable‐adjusted models, rural residents (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.03, 2.11) and those experiencing feelings of isolation (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.37, 3.47) were more likely to report any delay, where experiencing financial difficulties predicted delays in treatment appointments (OR 5.72; 95% CI 1.96, 16.67). Health insurance coverage and concern about the pandemic were not statistically significantly associated with delays.ConclusionThese findings may inform cancer care delivery during periods of instability when treatment may be disrupted by informing clinicians about concerns that patients have during the treatment process. Future research should assess whether delays in cancer care impact long‐term cancer outcomes and whether delays exacerbate existing disparities in cancer outcomes.
A case of Sjögren's syndrome in which diffuse cystic lung lesions led to an accurate diagnosis
Authors: Mizutani Satomi , Kuribayashi Hidehiko , Saeki Noriyuki , Ito Hideki , Nakamura Yasutaka , Masuda Makoto , Kamio Yoshito , Kawamoto Masashi , Enomoto Tatsuji 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageEven in the absence of other symptoms or other pulmonary manifestations suggesting Sjögren's syndrome (SS), it is necessary to include SS in the differential diagnosis of diffuse cystic lung disease (CLD).AbstractA case of SS that presented initially with diffuse CLD is reported. This case is considered rare because diffuse pulmonary cysts were observed in the early stage with few symptoms, only cysts were observed without other lung lesions on imaging, cyst formation was histologically considered to be alveolar loss, and airway lesions not observed on imaging were suspected based on lung function testing. The details of this case provide extremely important information to consider for the diagnosis and management of CLD and SS.