bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six decades of ecohydrological research connecting landscapes and riverscapes in the Girnock Burn, Scotland: Atlantic salmon population and habitat dynamics in a changing world
Authors: Soulsby C. , Malcolm I. A. , Tetzlaff D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLong‐term data are crucial for understanding ecological responses to climate and land use change; they are also vital evidence for informing management. As a migratory fish, Atlantic salmon are sentinels of both global and local environmental change. This paper reviews the main insights from six decades of research in an upland Scottish stream (Girnock Burn) inhabited by a spring Atlantic salmon population dominated by multi‐sea‐winter fish. Research began in the 1960s providing a census of returning adults, juvenile emigrants and in‐stream production of Atlantic salmon. Early research pioneered new monitoring techniques providing new insights into salmon ecology and population dynamics. These studies underlined the need for interdisciplinary approaches for understanding salmon interactions with physical, chemical and biological components of in‐stream habitats at different life‐stages. This highlighted variations in catchment‐scale hydroclimate, hydrology, geomorphology and hydrochemistry as essential to understanding freshwater habitats in the wider landscape context. Evolution of research has resulted in a remarkable catalogue of novel findings underlining the value of long‐term data that increases with time as modelling tools advance to leverage more insights from “big data”. Data are available on fish numbers, sizes and ages across multiple life stages, extending over many decades and covering a wide range of stock levels. Combined with an unusually detailed characterization of the environment, these data have enabled a unique process‐based understanding of the controls and bottlenecks on salmon population dynamics across the entire lifecycle and the consequences of declining marine survival and ova deposition. Such powerful datasets, methodological enhancements and the resulting process understanding have informed and supported the development of fish population assessment tools which have been applied to aid management of threatened salmon stocks at large‐catchment, regional and national scales. Many pioneering monitoring and modelling approaches developed have been applied internationally. This history shows the importance of integrating discovery science with monitoring for informing policy development and assessing efficacy of management options. It also demonstrates the need to continue to resource long‐term sites, which act as a focus for inter‐disciplinary research and innovation, and where the overall value of the research greatly exceeds the costs of individual component parts.
Antenatal care inequalities in South Korea: An analysis of health insurance claims data (2013–2022) in a high‐resource, high‐use country
Authors: Kim Saerom , Kim Chanki , Kim Jin‐Hwan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to explore inequalities in antenatal care (ANC) in South Korea. Based on the guidelines of the WHO, we categorized less than eight visits to an obstetrical facility as insufficient ANC. We examined ANC inequalities associated with age, disability, nationality, income, and geographic accessibility.MethodsWe extracted delivery event claimed from 2013 to 2022 from the National Health Insurance Service database. By tracing back 270 days from the delivery date, we counted the number of antenatal visits for each childbirth and calculated the proportion of women with insufficient ANC and assessed both absolute and relative inequalities for each population group. The logistic regression analysis for both underuse and overuse of ANC were conducted.ResultsOut of 3 416 517 childbirths, 104 109 women (3.0%) had fewer than eight ANC visits. Although the average number of ANC visits reached 18.7 in 2022, significant inequalities persisted across different population groups. The insufficient ANC rate was 28.1% for teenage women, 6.4% for disabled women, 10.7% for non‐Korean women, and 15.2% for dependents of medical aid households. Women with low income and those living in obstetric care underserved areas also exhibited higher ANC insufficiency. From 2021 to 2022, sufficiency in ANC decreased for teenage, disabled, and non‐Korean women, highlighting the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionAntenatal care inequalities are evident in South Korea's well‐resourced health system. There is a need for further investigation into these disparities and the qualitative aspects of maternity care services.
Does Fintech merger and acquisition change a firm's financial statement?
Authors: Wang Yongdong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThrough a comprehensive analysis of United States public firms, we explore the implications of mergers and acquisitions within the Financial Technology (Fintech) sector on a company's value and capital structure. The financial statements of financial institutions engaged in Fintech mergers and acquisitions differ significantly from those of other nonfinancial institutions involved in various high‐technology acquisitions. Our results indicate that when a financial company acquires a Fintech firm, it enhances the acquirer's overall firm value and cash holdings. Furthermore, these mergers and acquisitions within the high‐technology sector exert distinct influences on a company's leverage and cash flow.
Successful endoscopic removal of high‐power magnetic balls embedded in the duodenal wall
Authors: Kennedy Juliana M. , Kumta Nikhil A. , Lai Joanne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe dangers of magnet ingestion are well known. When multiple magnets are ingested, interventional removal is often necessary to prevent and/or treat complications. Despite reports of both endoscopic and surgical techniques in the literature, there is a lack of clear guidance on the best method for removal of high‐power magnets when they are embedded within the intestinal wall (increasing concern for fistulation, perforation, and bowel wall necrosis). This case demonstrates the successful endoscopic removal of magnetic balls incidentally identified on X‐ray and found to be embedded in the duodenal wall in a critically ill 2‐year‐old patient. Endoscopic removal can be considered in similar situations, if all resources (interventional endoscopy and pediatric surgery) are available to proceed safely.
Transdermal Administration of Nanobody Molecules using Hydrogel‐Forming Microarray Patch Technology: A Unique Delivery Approach
Authors: Hutton Aaron R. J. , Kirkby Melissa , Van Bogaert Tom , Casteels Peter , Nonne Christelle , De Brabandere Veronique , de Vyver Ortwin Van , Vora Lalit K. , Tekko Ismaiel A. , McCarthy Helen O. , Donnelly Ryan F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanobody molecules, derived from heavy‐chain only antibodies in camelids, represent the next generation of biotherapeutics. In addition to low immunogenicity, high stability, and potency, their single‐domain format facilitates the construction of multivalent molecules for therapeutic applications. Although predominantly administered using a hypodermic syringe and needle, alternative delivery methods are under investigation. That said, the transdermal route has yet to be explored. Therefore, microarray patch (MAP) technology, offering a potentially high dose, pain‐free transdermal system, is employed in this study. Trivalent Nanobody molecules, with and without half‐life extension (VHH and VHH[HLE]), are formulated into hydrogel‐forming MAPs, with pharmacokinetic parameters assessed in Sprague–Dawley rats. VHH MAPs exhibited a sustained release profile, with a serum concentration of 19 ± 9 ng mL−1 24 h post‐administration. In contrast, a subcutaneous (SC) injection showed faster clearance, with a serum concentration of 1.1 ± 0.4 ng mL−1 at 24 h. For VHH(HLE), both SC and MAP cohorts achieved a maximum serum concentration (Tmax) at 24 h. The MAP cohort displayed a notable increase in VHH(HLE) serum levels between 6–24 h, dropping after MAP removal. This study has exemplified MAPs potential for delivering advanced biologics, indicating the transdermal route's promise for pain‐free, patient‐friendly administration of Nanobody molecules.
Enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized obese pediatric patients
Authors: Yim Juwon , Jahan Afrin , Braykov Nikolay , Murphy Nina D. , Woods Gary M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundEnoxaparin is an anticoagulant used for pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in pediatrics. Enoxaparin pharmacokinetics can be altered in the setting of obesity. Optimal enoxaparin dosing for thromboprophylaxis in children with obesity remains unclear.ProcedureA retrospective review was conducted of pediatric patients who weighed ≥60 kg with BMI ≥ 95th percentile, received enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis, and had at least one appropriately drawn anti‐factor Xa (anti‐Xa) from 2013 to 2022. Anti‐Xa levels were reviewed for patients initially treated with enoxaparin 30 mg every 12 h. The average daily enoxaparin dose required to achieve an anti‐Xa of 0.2–0.4 unit/mL, which was stratified by BMI percentile and weight, was calculated.ResultsOf 116 patients (median age 15.8 years) included for analysis, 106 patients were initially treated with enoxaparin 30 mg every 12 h. Anti‐Xa levels were <0.2 unit/mL in 53% of patients with BMI > 99th percentile and 54% of patients >100 kg. Ninety‐one patients had at least one anti‐Xa 0.2–0.4 unit/mL with an average daily enoxaparin dosing of 66 mg. When stratified by severity of obesity, higher doses were required to attain an anti‐Xa 0.2–0.4 unit/mL in patients with BMI > 99th percentile compared with those with 95th–99th percentile (67.8 ± 15.7 vs. 62 ± 5.6 mg/day, p = .01). Patients > 100 kg required significantly higher dose than those ≤100 kg (69.1 ± 15.5 vs 61.2 ± 7.3 mg/day, p = .002).ConclusionsIncreased initial dosing and/or anti‐Xa level monitoring should be considered in adolescents with severe obesity receiving enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis.
Spectral averaging with outlier rejection algorithms to increase identifications in top‐down proteomics
Authors: Carr Austin V. , Bollis Nicholas E. , Pavek John G. , Shortreed Michael R. , Smith Lloyd M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe identification of proteoforms by top‐down proteomics requires both high quality fragmentation spectra and the neutral mass of the proteoform from which the fragments derive. Intact proteoform spectra can be highly complex and may include multiple overlapping proteoforms, as well as many isotopic peaks and charge states. The resulting lower signal‐to‐noise ratios for intact proteins complicates downstream analyses such as deconvolution. Averaging multiple scans is a common way to improve signal‐to‐noise, but mass spectrometry data contains artifacts unique to it that can degrade the quality of an averaged spectra. To overcome these limitations and increase signal‐to‐noise, we have implemented outlier rejection algorithms to remove outlier measurements efficiently and robustly in a set of MS1 scans prior to averaging. We have implemented averaging with rejection algorithms in the open‐source, freely available, proteomics search engine MetaMorpheus. Herein, we report the application of the averaging with rejection algorithms to direct injection and online liquid chromatography mass spectrometry data. Averaging with rejection algorithms demonstrated a 45% increase in the number of proteoforms detected in Jurkat T cell lysate. We show that the increase is due to improved spectral quality, particularly in regions surrounding isotopic envelopes.
One Step Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by a Microwave Process: Optimization of Microwave Parameters with an Experimental Design
Authors: Girardet Thomas , Kessler Morgane , Migot Sylvie , Aranda Lionel , Diliberto Sébastien , Suire Stéphane , Ferté Tom , Hupont Sébastien , Cleymand Franck , Fleutot Solenne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSuperparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are nanoparticles used in a lot of applications such as batteries, and biomedical, … To obtain these nanoparticles, several techniques exist such as coprecipitation, thermal decomposition, sol–gel process but they have some advantages (synthesis in a water media, high crystallinity, high monodispersity) and disadvantages (using an organic solvent, large distribution of size, poor crystallinity). The goal of this work is to synthesize SPIONs for biomedical applications (for example as a contrast agent for the MRI): SPIONs should be stable in an aqueous media, monodisperse, and have good crystallinity and magnetic properties. To achieve this result, a microwave process is carried out. However, any study describes the microwave parameter on the synthesis of the nanoparticles. This work offers to determine the best conditions of the microwave to obtain ideal SPIONs for MRI. For this, an experimental design is carried out to determine these parameters thanks to different techniques of characterization (Transmission Electronic Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, X‐ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis, magnetic characterizations). With the different results of these characterizations, the best conditions of the microwave are determined, and a simulation of all experiments is realized with a surface response.
Risk assessment of war wrecks – a comprehensive approach investigating four wrecks containing munitions in the German Bight/North Sea
Authors: Bergmann Sven , Brenner Matthias , Strehse Jennifer Susanne , Bünning Tobias Hartwig , Maser Edmund , Grassel Philipp , Heuskin David , Brandt David , Berger Marco , van der Wulp Simon , Skellhorn Mathew , Hill Polly , Van Haelst Sven , De Rijcke Maarten , Wichert Uwe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractShipwrecks and dumped munition continue to be a major hazard, both in the North Sea but also on a global scale. Research within the EU Interreg project North Sea Wrecks (NSW), in cooperation with the German Aerospace Centre, Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures (DLR), is generating new insights into the status of wrecks, the potential leakage of pollutants from remaining munitions loads and the effects of contamination on exposed marine organisms in the North Sea environment. Further, historical documents are generated from archives to describe ship's history and sinking scenario. These historical findings were compared to models and images of the visual inspections of the wrecks. Further, samples of water, sediment and organisms are being analysed for traces of explosives. Combining the results of these different fields of research allows for a better understanding of the environmental risks deriving from these wrecks. This process is shown below by focusing on the wreck of the German light cruiser SMS MAINZ, which sank in 1914. Data were compared to three additional wrecks situated also within the southern German Bight. Available data about the wrecks were preliminary assessed using a wreck risk model. Finally, wrecks were ranked according to their potential environmental risk.
The impact of aerosols and model grid spacing on a supercell storm from Swabian MOSES 2021
Authors: Barthlott Christian , Czajka Beata , Kunz Michael , Saathoff Harald , Zhang Hengheng , Böhmländer Alexander , Gasch Philipp , Handwerker Jan , Kohler Martin , Wilhelm Jannik , Wieser Andreas , Hoose Corinna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe supercell storm that occurred in southwestern Germany on June 23, 2021, had an exceptionally long lifetime of 7.5 hr, travelled a distance of nearly 190 km, and produced large amounts of hail. During that summer, the Swabian MOSES field campaign was held in that area, and several hydro‐meteorological measurements are available, as the storm passed directly over the main observation site. We present hindcasts of this event with the Icosahedral Non‐hydrostatic model using two horizontal grid spacings (i.e., 2 km, 1 km) with a single‐moment and an advanced double‐moment microphysics scheme. Numerical results show that all 2 km model realizations do not simulate convective precipitation at the correct location and time. For the 1 km grid spacing, changes in aerosol concentration resulted in large changes in convective precipitation. Only the 1 km run assuming a low cloud condensation nuclei (CCNs) concentration is able to realistically capture the storm, whereas no supercell is simulated in the more polluted scenarios. Observed aerosol particle concentrations indicate that CCNs values were the lowest of the month, which suggests that the low aerosol concentration is a reasonable assumption. The thermodynamic structure of the pre‐convective environment, as well as other observations, showed the best agreement to this model run as well, indicating that the good representation of the supercell was obtained for the right reason. The automatic tracking of individual clouds revealed that more convective cells with longer lifetimes are simulated at finer resolution. We also find a negative aerosol–precipitation effect that is not only due to a reduced collision–coalescence process, but also to weaker cold‐rain processes. These findings demonstrate the benefits of using an aerosol‐aware double‐moment microphysics scheme for convective‐scale predictability and that the use of different CCNs concentrations can determine whether a supercell is successfully simulated or not.
Investigating the influence mechanism of goal‐framing theory on urban residents' green travel behavior
Authors: Zhang Chunqin , Yu Zhangbiao , Huang Yi , Wang Mengmeng , Martin Skitmore , Xiao Guangnian , Lu Xi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to explore the influence mechanism of goal‐framing theory on green travel behavior (GTB), thereby supporting the promotion of sustainable transportation modes to mitigate environmental degradation and resource waste, in alignment with the “dual carbon” targets. Based on the GTB data of 334 Chinese residents, we use goal‐framing theory to analyze residents' subjective environmental concerns and the external media's driving mechanism on their choice of green travel through a structural equation modeling (SEM). At the same time, the mediating effect of goal frames is tested through mediation testing. The results show that: 1. indirectly encouraged by media persuasion influencing their normative and hedonic goals; 2. encouraged by normative and hedonic goals partially mediating the relationship between environmental concerns and GTB; and 3. surprisingly, not very affected by influencing their gain goals. The implications of this research provide actionable insights for interventions, messaging strategies, transportation industry practices, environmental policy development, and theoretical advancements. For future research, it is essential to delve into regional variations and to more thoroughly account for the influence of external factors on GTB.
Energy poverty and public health vulnerability: A multi‐country analysis
Authors: Fan Ye , Döring Tim , Li Shouhao , Zhang Xin , Fang Ming , Yu Yongda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMember countries of the United Nations have pledged to ensure access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy for all by 2030 (Sustainable Development Goal 7). However, energy poverty continues to be a significant challenge for billions of people. Empirical research established a connection between energy poverty and traditional public health indicators such as overall mortality rate, but relatively little is known about its holistic impact on public health and in particular on health vulnerability. This research establishes a holistic measure of public health using panel data from 143 countries between 2000 and 2016 to analyze the impact of energy poverty on health vulnerability. Using Ordinary Least‐Squares (OLS), fixed effects, system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), and quantile regression approaches, our results show that reducing energy poverty mitigates health vulnerability. Energy poverty amplifies the susceptibility to negative health outcomes (sensitivity) and diminishes a population's capacity to respond to public health crises (resilience). The analysis also reveals a heterogeneous impact of energy poverty on health vulnerability associated with the socio‐economic development level of the region, with the largest increase being in more developed and high‐income regions.
Malta's low carbon transition towards sustainability
Authors: Pinczynski Marcin , Kasperowicz Rafał , Azzopardi Brian , Bilan Yuriy , Štreimikienė Dalia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe transition to low‐carbon energy and energy independence of a country play an important role in the sustainable development of its energy sector. Another important issue of sustainable energy development is the cost competitiveness in the generation process; with new renewable energy technologies, a sustainable energy transition to carbon‐neutral society is possible. In this article, we present a view of sustainable energy transformation based on a case study of Malta. We have created a simulation of a Maltese electricity system with projected growth and dominance of photovoltaic energy in the electricity market. The study results suggest that a system with a high penetration of photovoltaics has significant advantage over a conventional system using fossil fuels. In particular, in the simulated Maltese system, the total annual cost of energy was reduced threefold, the CO2 emissions were reduced by 40%, and the energy independence of Malta increased by 60%. In the end, the article gives a recommendation for further research into the Maltese energy system.
Effective and Scalable General Method for the Preparation of Enantiomeric (α‐Aminoalkyl)dimethylphosphine Oxides
Authors: Rassukana Yuliya V. , Aleksandrova Anastasiia M. , Bezgubenko Ludmyla V. , Onys'ko Petro P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Ti(OPr‐i)4‐mediated three–component condensation of enantiomeric Ellman's amides, dimethylphosphine oxide, and aliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic aldehydes proceeds in high yields and diastereoselectivities enabling the rapid, scalable and general asymmetric synthesis of (α‐amino)dimethylphosphine oxide derived compounds bearing alkyl, cycloalkyl or hetaryl group at the chiral carbon atom. Asymmetric synthesis of α‐amino‐α‐polyfluoroalkyl dimethylphosphine oxides was accomplished through diastereoselective addition of dimethylphosphine oxide to enantiomeric Ellman's aldimines, RFCH=NS(O)tert‐Bu (RF=CF3, CHF2, PhCF2).
Modeling Hexaazacylcododeca Metal Complexes as a Radical Trapping Antioxidant: Prospects as a Potential Drug
Authors: Khargharia Sangeeta , Kar Rahul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFree radicals produced due to the disturbance in homeostasis bring about oxidative stress causing various diseases. This oxidative stress can be prevented by using antioxidants. In this article, a hexaazacylcododeca copper complex is reported as a radical‐trapping antioxidant (RTA). A detailed mechanistic study suggests that the designed complex is capable of trapping six radicals. The study confirms Path 6 as the most probable pathway, which is the radical addition to the ethene moiety of the complex. Moreover, it has a lower N−H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) than the recently reported bis(thiosemicarbazone) copper complex suggesting it could be a better antioxidant. In addition, the effect of different metals (Co, Fe, Pt, Ca, Ba, Sr, Au, Ag, Ni, and Zn) in their antiradical activity has been studied which suggests that among the studied metal complexes the Cu metal complex is the best metal complex for radical trapping. Further, the drug‐likeness is tested with the Lipinski filter along with the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. Lastly, docking analysis tested against proteins responsible for ferroptosis shows that the modeled RTA can inhibit such diseases. Thus, it can be proposed that the designed RTA is a potential drug candidate.