bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms in newly admitted nursing home residents
Authors: Achterberg Wilco , Pot Anne Margriet , Kerkstra Ada , Ribbe Miel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo study the relationship between the prevalence of depressive symptoms in newly admitted nursing home residents and their previous place of residence.MethodsIn 65 nursing homes in the Netherlands trained physicians assessed 562 residents (mean age 78.5, range 28–101, 64.6% female) within 10 days after admission. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Minimum Data Set (MDS) Depression Rating Scale (DRS), and the MDS items: ‘diagnosis of major or minor depression’, ‘change in depression’ and ‘indicators of persistent depressed, sad or anxious mood disorder present’. Previous place of residence was categorized as ‘own home’, ‘hospital’ or ‘sheltered living facility’. Adjustments were performed for demographic and health related factors measured with the MDS.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms (DRS ≥ 3) for all 562 residents was 26.9%; it was higher in residents admitted from their own home (34.3%) than in residents admitted from the hospital (19.7%) (p = 0.002). Residents who were admitted from the hospital have an adjusted Odds Ratio for having many depressive symptoms of 0.54 (95% CI 0.31–0.94) compared to residents admitted from their own home. There is, after adjustment, no statistical significant difference between residents admitted from their own home, or residents admitted from a sheltered living facility.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms are very prevalent in nursing homes. Residents who are admitted from their own home, or from a residential facility, have more depressive symptoms than residents admitted from the hospital. This may reflect different conceptualizations or different adjustment patterns for those groups. For a better understanding of the factors associated with nursing home depression, future studies in detection, prevention and management of depressive symptoms should start prior to or directly after admission, especially for those who have no prior institutional history. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Posttraumatic stress disorder and general health problems following myocardial infarction (Post‐MI PTSD) among older patients: the role of personality
Authors: Chung Man Cheung , Berger Zoë , Jones Rupert , Rudd Hannah 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to: (1) investigate the degree to which older MI patients experienced post‐MI PTSD and general health problems, and to (2) identify the association between five personality traits, post‐MI PTSD and general health problems among these older people.MethodsThe sample comprised 96 older MI patients and were recruited from two general practices. They were interviewed using the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the General Health Questionnaire‐28 (GHQ‐28) and the NEO‐Five Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI). The control group comprised 92 older people who experienced no MI. They were assessed using the GHQ‐28.ResultsThe older MI patients experienced hyperarousal the most, followed by avoidance and re‐experiencing symptoms. PDS revealed that 30% had full PTSD. The older patients were conscientious and agreeable individuals. They were also somewhat extraverted and open to experience. They also showed traits of neuroticism. Controlling for bypass surgery, heart failure, previous mental health difficulties, angina and angioplasty, regression analyses showed that neuroticism predicted re‐experiencing and avoidance symptoms and general health total. Neuroticism and less agreeableness predicted hyperarousal symptoms.ConclusionsMI older patients could manifest PTSD symptoms and general health problems following their MI. Personality traits, particularly neuroticism and antagonism, played a role in the manifestation of these symptoms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subjective cognitive function and decline among older adults with psychometrically defined amnestic MCI
Authors: Crowe Michael , Andel Ross , Wadley Virginia , Cook Sarah , Unverzagt Frederick , Marsiske Michael , Ball Karlene 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between subjective cognitive function and subsequent cognitive decline among individuals with psychometrically defined amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to determine whether the presence of depressive symptoms modifies this relationship.MethodFifty‐five individuals met psychometric criteria for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cognitive decline was measured using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), which was administered at baseline and at follow‐up two years later. Subjective cognitive function was examined using two different one‐item memory complaints, as well as a scale focused on current level of cognitive function relative to past function and a scale focused on forgetting in specific everyday situations.ResultsIn multiple regression analyses, the one‐item complaint of change in memory at baseline predicted future cognitive decline. There was a significant interaction effect whereby this association was stronger in participants who endorsed fewer symptoms of depression.ConclusionIndividuals showing memory deficits consistent with amnestic MCI have at least some insight regarding cognitive decline and the extent to which subjective cognitive function is useful in predicting future decline may depend on what particular questions are asked as well as presence of depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
White matter lesion volumes and caudate volumes in late‐life depression
Authors: Hannestad Jonas , Taylor Warren D. , McQuoid Douglas R. , Payne Martha E. , Krishnan K. Ranga R. , Steffens David C. , MacFall James R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundDecreased caudate volumes and increased white matter lesions (WMLs) are associated both with aging and late‐life depression, but the relationship between the two is unclear. We examined the association between WML and caudate volume, hypothesizing there would be a negative association, which would be stronger for WMLs located in anterior regions. We additionally hypothesized that this association would be stronger in depressed subjects.MethodThis MRI study included 182 elderly depressed and 64 elderly control subjects. Our imaging analysis procedures divided the brain into anterior and posterior halves. WML volume in each half was calculated, as were left and right caudate volumes. A statistical model incorporating WML volumes, age, total brain volume, diagnosis, and gender was used to examine caudate volumes.ResultsWML volume was negatively associated with total and right caudate volume. This association was stronger for WMLs in the anterior half of the brain. Anterior WML volume was additionally negatively associated with right caudate volume in depressed subjects, but not in controls.ConclusionsUsing unadjusted levels of significance, WML volume is negatively associated with right caudate volume in both older populations, but with left caudate volume only in depressed individuals. When statistical corrections for multiple comparisons are used, the finding is limited to a negative association between WML volume and right caudate volume, primarily in depressed subjects. This study demonstrates one mechanism by which WMLs may disrupt frontostriatal circuits. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling crop canopy and residue rainfall interception effects on soil hydrological components for semi‐arid agriculture
Authors: Kozak Joseph A. , Ahuja Lajpat R. , Green Timothy R. , Ma Liwang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCrop canopies and residues have been shown to intercept a significant amount of rainfall. However, rainfall or irrigation interception by crops and residues has often been overlooked in hydrologic modelling. Crop canopy interception is controlled by canopy density and rainfall intensity and duration. Crop residue interception is a function of crop residue type, residue density and cover, and rainfall intensity and duration. We account for these controlling factors and present a model for both interception components based on Merriam's approach. The modified Merriam model and the current modelling approaches were examined and compared with two field studies and one laboratory study. The Merriam model is shown to agree well with measurements and was implemented within the Agricultural Research Service's Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM). Using this enhanced version of RZWQM, three simulation studies were performed to examine the quantitative effects of rainfall interception by corn and wheat canopies and residues on soil hydrological components. Study I consisted of 10 separate hypothetical growing seasons (1991–2000) for canopy effects and 10 separate non‐growing seasons (1991–2000) for residue effects for eastern Colorado conditions. For actual management practices in a no‐till wheat–corn–fallow cropping sequence at Akron, Colorado (study II), a continuous 10‐year RZWQM simulation was performed to examine the cumulative changes on water balance components and crop growth caused by canopy and residue rainfall interception. Finally, to examine a higher precipitation environment, a hypothetical, no‐till wheat–corn–fallow rotation scenario at Corvallis, Oregon, was simulated (study III). For all studies, interception was shown to decrease infiltration, runoff, evapotranspiration from soil, deep seepage of water and chemical transport, macropore flow, leaf area index, and crop/grain yield. Because interception decreased both infiltration and soil evapotranspiration, no significant change in soil water storage was simulated. Nonetheless, these findings and the new interception models are significant new contributions for hydrologists. Published in 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of TGF‐β1 and triiodothyronine on cartilage maturation: In vitro analysis using long‐term high‐density micromass cultures of chick embryonic limb mesenchymal cells
Authors: Mello Maria A. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEndochondral ossification is initiated by differentiation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes, which produce a cartilaginous matrix, proliferate, mature, and undergo hypertrophy, followed by matrix calcification, and substitution of cartilage by bone. A number of hormones and growth factors have been implicated in this process. Using in vitro, long‐term, high‐density, micromass cultures of chick embryonic mesenchyme, that recapitulate the process of chondrogenesis, chondrocyte maturation, and hypertrophy, we have investigated the importance of a balance between proliferation and apoptosis in cartilage maturation, focusing specifically on the effects of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and the thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3). Our results showed that TGF‐β1 stimulates proliferation, by week 2 of culture, and T3 inhibits proliferation by week 3. Cell size increases in cultures treated with T3. Collagen type X is expressed in all culture, and delay in matrix deposition is seen only in the cultures treated with TGF‐β1. T3 stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity, but not calcification. T3 enhances apoptosis, as seen by TUNEL staining, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. The results support the roles of T3 and TGF‐β in cartilage maturation, i.e., TGF‐β stimulates proliferation and suppresses hypertrophy, while T3 stimulates hypertrophy and apoptosis. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:2095–2105, 2006
Linear and non‐linear stability thresholds for thermal convection in a box
Authors: Hill A. A. , Straughan B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe analyse the problem of finding instability thresholds and global non‐linear stability bounds for thermal convection in a linearly viscous fluid in a finite box. The vertical walls are maintained at different temperatures which gives rise to a non‐uniform temperature field in steady state. This problem was previously analysed by Georgescu and Mansutti (Int. J. Non‐Linear Mech. 1999; 34:603–613). In our work we determine the linear instability threshold to be well above the global stability boundary found by an energy method. Since the perturbed system is not symmetric we expect this to be the case, and our analysis yields a parameter region where possible sub‐critical instabilities may be found. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cadherin in developing and maturing cysts of Torpedo Marmorata Testis
Authors: Prisco Marina , Liguoro Annamaria , Ricchiari Loredana , Angelini Francesco , Andreuccetti Piero 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe investigated the presence of cadherins, Ca++ dependent cell–cell adhesion molecules, during the development and maturation of cysts in the testis of the spotted ray Torpedo marmorata. Using different anti‐cadherin antibodies, we provide evidence by means of immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting that cadherins are involved in the interaction between Sertoli and germ cells. During the development and maturation of cysts, in fact, cadherins occur between Sertoli and germ cells when they begin to interact to build a cyst. Later on, the presence of cadherins between Sertoli and germ cells persists; furthermore, during the formation of spermatoblast, it is also evident at the level of indentations, arising from Sertoli cells and encompassing germ cells. Finally, the present findings strongly suggest that cadherins are also involved in the spermiogenesis as germ cells, when male gamete differentiation starts, are intensively stained, while, when spermiation is completed, the spermatozoa appear unlabeled. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I promotes resistance of bovine preimplantation embryos to heat shock through actions independent of its anti‐apoptotic actions requiring PI3K signaling
Authors: Jousan F. Dean , Hansen Peter J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFor the bovine preimplantation embryo, insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) is a survival factor that blocks the induction of apoptosis and reduces the decrease in development caused by heat shock. The first objective was to determine the signaling pathways whereby IGF‐I acts to increase embryo cell number while inhibiting heat‐shock induced apoptosis. Exposure of embryos to heat shock reduced cell number and increased percent apoptosis, but IGF‐I increased cell number and blocked induction of apoptosis caused by heat shock. Actions of IGF‐I to increase cell number were blocked by treatment with the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) inhibitor PD 98059 whereas the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY 294002 had no effect. Conversely, LY 294002 but not PD 98059 blocked actions of IGF‐I to inhibit induction of apoptosis caused by heat shock. The second objective was to determine whether IGF‐I blocks effects of heat shock on development to the blastocyst stage by preventing apoptosis. Culture of embryos with IGF‐I was effective in blocking the reduction in blastocyst development caused by heat shock—this action occurred even in the presence of LY 294002. Addition of another inhibitor of apoptosis, the caspase‐3 inhibitor z‐DEVD‐fmk, did not mimic the protective effects of IGF‐I on blastocyst development. Surprisingly, IGF‐I was not effective in blocking the reduction in blastocyst development caused by heat shock when cultured with z‐DEVD‐fmk. In conclusion, the anti‐apoptotic actions of IGF‐I require PI3K signaling while actions to promote proliferation require MAPKK signaling. Moreover, actions of IGF‐I to allow heat‐shocked embryos to continue development to the blastocyst stage are independent of its anti‐apoptotic effects. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maturation medium supplements affect transcript level of apoptosis and cell survival related genes in bovine blastocysts produced in vitro
Authors: Warzych E. , Wrenzycki C. , Peippo J. , Lechniak D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether protein or macromolecule supplements to in vitro maturation media affect transcript abundance of seven genes (Bax, Bcl2, Hsp70, IGF1, IGF1R, IGF2, and IGF2R) in oocytes and blastocysts. Cumulus–oocyte complexes aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured in TCM199 medium supplemented either with 10% FBS, 6% fatty acid free BSA (fafBSA) or 4% PVP40, then inseminated and cultured in vitro for 9 days. Transcript abundance analysis was carried out on immature and in vitro matured oocytes, as well as on blastocysts. Total RNA was isolated from pools of oocytes and embryos, reverse transcribed into cDNA and subjected to transcript analysis by real‐time PCR. No transcript of IGF1 gene was detected either in oocytes or in blastocysts. Maturation conditions significantly affected transcript levels of investigated loci in blastocysts but not in matured oocytes, with one exception. Only relative abundance (RA) of IGF2 gene was higher in oocytes matured with fafBSA. Moreover, oocyte maturation with fafBSA elevated transcript abundance of IGF1R, IGF2, and IGF2R genes in resulting blastocysts, whereas Hsp70 transcription was stimulated by FBS supplementation. Thus, under described conditions, fafBSA may be the optimal supplement to IVM medium due to higher transcript level of growth factor coding genes accompanied by a lower transcript level of Hsp70. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulated jitter in the masseter muscle: Normative values
Authors: Rousseff Rossen T. , Khuraibet Adnan J. , Al‐Shubaili Asmahan F. , Tzvetanov Plamen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNineteen healthy volunteers (median age, 25; range, 18–51 years) were enrolled in a study to obtain normative values for stimulated jitter in the masseter muscle. Axonal microstimulation was performed via a monopolar needle electrode introduced in the masseter 2–2.5 cm above the mandibular angle on the line connecting it with the lateral canthus. The recording single‐fiber electromyography (SFEMG) electrode was inserted anteriorly in the twitching area of the muscle. The mean consecutive difference (MCD) values for the 426 endplates studied followed a distribution skewed to the left, with a minimum value of 4.3 μs, maximal 44.7 μs, and a maximum of distribution at 11 μs. Mean pooled MCD measured 16.0 μs, and the mean of mean MCD per study was 13.6 μs. The value of the 95th upper percentile for an individual fiber was 29.3 μs. We suggest an upper normal limit for mean MCD per study of 21 μs and upper normal limit of MCD for individual fibers of 30 μs. The stimulated jitter study of masseter muscle is easy and reliable. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Is exercise necessary with repetitive nerve stimulation in evaluating patients with suspected myasthenia gravis?
Authors: Rubin Devon I. , Hentschel Kenneth 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe retrospectively evaluated the effect of exercise on the degree of decrement in ulnar, spinal accessory, and facial repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) in 179 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) to assess whether exercise increases the diagnostic yield of identifying significant decrements. The mean worsening of decrement following exercise was 1.9% (ulnar nerve), 1.9% (spinal accessory nerve), and 1.3% (facial nerve). Abnormal (≥10%) decrement solely following exercise occurred in the ulnar nerve in 7% of patients, accessory nerve in 5%, and facial nerve in 7%. When analyzed according to Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America class of disease, the likelihood of producing ≥10% decrement only after exercise was greatest in class I MG with facial RNS and in class II and III generalized MG with ulnar and spinal accessory RNS. In all other disease stages, the likelihood of producing ≥10% decrement only after exercise was ≤7%. This study suggests that exercise increases the yield of diagnosis of MG by RNS in only a small percent of patients. Therefore, in most patients with suspected MG, RNS at rest is sufficient and the additional time required for prolonged postexercise RNS may be better spent in examining other muscle–nerve combinations. Muscle Nerve, 2006
A m‐parallel crane scheduling problem with a non‐crossing constraint
Authors: Lim Andrew , Rodrigues Brian , Xu Zhou 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we study a m‐parallel machine scheduling problem with a non‐crossing constraint motivated by crane scheduling in ports. We decompose the problem to allow time allocations to be determined once crane assignments are known and construct a backtracking search scheme that manipulates domain reduction and pruning strategies. Simple approximation heuristics are developed, one of which guarantees solutions to be at most two times the optimum. For large‐scale problems, a simulated annealing heuristic that uses random neighborhood generation is provided. Computational experiments are conducted to test the algorithms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007.
Large‐scale topology optimization using preconditioned Krylov subspace methods with recycling
Authors: Wang Shun , Sturler Eric de , Paulino Glaucio H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe computational bottleneck of topology optimization is the solution of a large number of linear systems arising in the finite element analysis. We propose fast iterative solvers for large three‐dimensional topology optimization problems to address this problem. Since the linear systems in the sequence of optimization steps change slowly from one step to the next, we can significantly reduce the number of iterations and the runtime of the linear solver by recycling selected search spaces from previous linear systems. In addition, we introduce a MINRES (minimum residual method) version with recycling (and a short‐term recurrence) to make recycling more efficient for symmetric problems. Furthermore, we discuss preconditioning to ensure fast convergence. We show that a proper rescaling of the linear systems reduces the huge condition numbers that typically occur in topology optimization to roughly those arising for a problem with constant density. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our solvers by solving a topology optimization problem with more than a million unknowns on a fast PC. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibration of a class of non‐linear viscoelasticity models with sensitivity assessment based on duality
Authors: Johansson Håkan , Runesson Kenneth 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe calibration of constitutive models is based on the solution of an optimization problem, whereby the sought parameter values minimize an objective function that measures the discrepancy between experimental observations and the corresponding simulated response. By the introduction of an appropriate adjoint problem, the resulting formulation becomes well suited for a gradient‐based optimization scheme. A class of viscoelastic models is studied, where a discontinuous Galerkin method is used to integrate the governing evolution equation in time. A practical solution algorithm, which utilizes the time‐flow structure of the underlying evolution equation, is presented. Based on the proposed formulation it is convenient to estimate the sensitivity of the calibrated parameters with respect to measurement noise. The sensitivity is computed using a dual method, which compares favourably with the conventional primal method. The strategy is applied to a viscoelasticity model using experimental data from a uniaxial compression test. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.