bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural precursor cell susceptibility to human cytomegalovirus diverges along glial or neuronal differentiation pathways
Authors: Cheeran Maxim C.‐J. , Hu Shuxian , Ni Hsiao T. , Sheng Wen , Palmquist Joseph M. , Peterson Phillip K. , Lokensgard James R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of congenital brain disease, and its neuropathogenesis may be related to viral infection of rapidly dividing, susceptible neural precursor cells (NPCs). In the present study, we evaluated the susceptibility of human fetal brain‐derived NPCs (nestin+, A2B5+, CD133+) to infection with CMV. Data derived from these studies demonstrated that undifferentiated NPCs supported productive viral replication. After differentiation in the presence of serum, a treatment that promotes development of an astroglial cell phenotype (GFAP+, nestin−, A2B5−), viral expression was retained. However, differentiation of NPCs in medium containing platelet‐derived growth factor and brain‐derived neurotropic factor, conditions that support the development of neurons (Tuj‐1+, nestin−, A2B5−), resulted in reduced viral expression, with corresponding decreased CMV major immediate‐early promoter (MIEP) activity relative to undifferentiated cells. Further experiments showed that cellular differentiation into a neuronal phenotype was associated with elevated levels of various CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP)‐β isoforms, which suppressed MIEP activity in cotransfected NPCs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the susceptibility of primary human NPCs to CMV is retained concomitantly with differentiation into glial cells but is actively repressed following differentiation into neurons. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allopregnanolone treatment, both as a single injection or repetitively, delays demyelination and enhances survival of Niemann‐Pick C mice
Authors: Ahmad Iram , Lope‐Piedrafita Silvia , Bi Xiaoning , Hicks Chad , Yao Yueqin , Yu Clara , Chaitkin Elizabeth , Howison Christine M. , Weberg Lyndon , Trouard Theodore P. , Erickson Robert P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNiemann‐Pick C disease (NPC) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder without current treatment. It is thought to result from deficient intracellular cholesterol and/or ganglioside trafficking. We have investigated the effects of allopregnanolone treatments on survival, weight loss, motor function, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuropathology in the mouse model of NPC (Npc1–/– mice). We confirmed previous results showing that a single injection of 250 μg of allopregnanolone on postnatal day 7 significantly extended the life span of Npc1–/– mice. This caused a marked difference in the weight curves of the treated mice but no statistical difference in the Rota‐Rod performance. T2‐weighted MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of treated mice showed values of signal intensity and fractional anisotropy closer to those of wild‐type mice than those of untreated Npc1–/– mice. Neuropathology showed that day‐7 treatment markedly suppressed astrocyte reaction and significantly reduced microglial activation. Furthermore, the steroid treatment also increased myelination in brains of Npc1–/– mice. Similar effects of allopregnanolone treatment were observed in Npc1–/–, mdr1a–/– double‐mutant mice, which have a deficient blood–brain barrier, resulting in increased steroid uptake. The effects on survival and weight loss of a single injection on day 7 followed by injections every 2 weeks were also evaluated in Npc1–/– mice, and the beneficial effects were found to be greater than with the single injection at day 7. We conclude that allopregnanolone treatment significantly ameliorates several symptoms of NPC in Npc1–/– mice, presumably by effects on myelination or neuronal connectivity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunolocalization of NFATc4 in the adult mouse brain
Authors: Bradley Katherine C. , Groth Rachel D. , Mermelstein Paul G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNFATc4 has recently been identified as playing an important role in variety of activity‐dependent neuronal processes, including hippocampal plasticity, axonal growth, neuronal survival, and apoptosis. However, a systematic study examining the distribution of NFATc4 within the nervous system has yet to be conducted. With this in mind, we sought to determine the regional localization of NFATc4 within the adult mouse brain. Interestingly, NFATc4 was expressed broadly, but not uniformly, throughout various brain structures. The highest levels of NFATc4 expression were localized to the hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and various hypothalamic nuclei. Other brain regions that expressed NFATc4 included the cerebellum, striatum, globus pallidus, amygdala, neocortex, and brainstem nuclei. Given NFATc4's widespread expression, these results are consistent with the notion that NFATc4 may underlie activity‐dependent neuronal plasticity throughout the adult brain. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gap Inc. sees supplier ownership of compliance with workplace standards as an essential element of socially responsible sourcing
Authors: Henkle Dan 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe author looks at the evolution of Gap Inc.'s program for socially responsible sourcing—from a policing model to multistakeholder partnerships—and examines the next stage, which includes a promising resource for placing accountability and compliance management systems where they will have the greatest impact—with the factory owners. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Travels with Cypress Semiconductor on the road to service excellence
Authors: Schremp Barbara 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA multiyear initiative to become more customer focused has produced several victories and a few disappointments at Cypress Semiconductor. With careful tailoring—and occasional retooling—the initiative is gradually transforming a technically oriented culture into one that believes customer satisfaction and loyalty are drivers of success. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence model: Using reciprocity and exchange to get what you need
Authors: Cohen Allan R. , Bradford David L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn organizational life, you can't always get what you want, especially from people over whom you have no authority. The Cohen‐Bradford Influence model offers a practical process of reciprocity and exchange—trading what you have that the other person desires in exchange for what you need to accomplish workplace and personal goals. The authors also discuss some common currencies of exchange in organizational life and how to use them effectively. © 2005 Allan R. Cohen & David L. Bradford
Effect of storage temperature and size of stalks on quality of minimally processed leeks
Authors: Tsouvaltzis Pavlos , Gerasopoulos Dimitrios , Siomos Anastasios S 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMinimally processed leek stalks were produced by trimming of freshly harvested leeks (Allium porrum L.) to sizes of 0–22, 0–11 and 11–22 cm. Trimmed stalks were then stored at 0, 10 and 20 °C in air for 8 days to determine the effects of temperature and stalk size on quality during storage, including inner leaf growth, fresh weight loss and discoloration. Both inner leaf growth and fresh weight loss were increased linearly with storage duration. Growth of cut leek inner leaves was significantly reduced to 4 mm at the end of 0 °C storage in all three types of cut stalks. Inner leaf growth was maximized during storage at 10 and 20 °C in 0–11 cm stalks, medium in 0–22 cm stalks and minimal in 11–22 cm stalks. Fresh weight loss of 0–11 cm size was significantly higher than that of 0–22 cm size at both 0 and 10 °C, whereas there was no difference between 0–11 and 11–22 cm sizes. At 10 and 20 °C the 0–11 cm size lost more weight than the 11–22 and 0–22 cm ones. Differences in color attributes were observed in most cases between stalk sizes, due to different coloration of intact leeks. Discoloration was observed particularly at the stalk base at 20 °C. Low temperatures effectively control discoloration, and reduce considerably inner leaf growth of minimally processed leeks, but do not control it. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of Fusarium verticillioides strains by PCR‐RFLP analysis of the intergenic spacer region of the rDNA
Authors: Patiño Belén , Mirete Salvador , Vázquez Covadonga , Jiménez Misericordia , Rodríguez M Teresa , González‐Jaén M Teresa 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThirty‐three Fusarium verticillioides strains from diverse origins and hosts have been analysed for fumonisin production and characterized in order (i) to detect the variability present in this species and (ii) to discriminate among isolates. The method used was a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) generated by restriction endonucleases applied to the IGS region (intergenic spacer of rDNA). All the F. verticillioides strains associated with crops produced fumonisins B1 and B2 except those isolated from banana. Analysis of the IGS region by PCR‐RFLP proved to be useful to detect variability within F. verticillioides and allowed discrimination of two related groups of isolates belonging to distinct lineages differing in fumonisin production and host preferences: the fumonisin‐producing group associated with cereals and the fumonisin non‐producing group associated with banana. The method used facilitates early detection and characterization of F. verticillioides strains required to control both types of pathogens and to evaluate plant exposure to the toxin, quality of the raw material to be processed and the potential fumonisin contamination in order to prevent fumonisins entering the food chain. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of nitrogen and manure fertilizer on grain quality, baking and rheological properties of wheat grown in sandy soil
Authors: Al‐Eid Salah M 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWinter wheat was grown under various nitrogen (N) fertilizer regimes (with/without manure application) under calcareous sandy soils, control wheat being grown without fertilization. Six levels of N fertilizer were applied. The technological and baking characteristics of the wheat were closely related to N and nitrogen + manure (NM) fertilization. Contents of protein increased with increase in fertilization level, which also improved the rheological properties of dough and baking quality. N fertilization increased farinograph stability time, which increased with increasing flour protein content. NM fertilization affected protein content as well as farinograph stability time and farinograph maximum viscosity, thereby affecting the relationship between these properties. The increase in bread volume due to fertilizers was more noticeable with NM than with N. Application of 60 t ha−1 manure along with 200 kg ha−1 N onwards improved technological properties of flour in comparison with wheat grown with the basic N fertilizer only. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers fed periwinkle flesh (Pachymelania aurita), palm kernel cake and oil‐based rations
Authors: Igri Okon B , Ausaji Ayuk A 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe effect of supplementation of palm kernel oil in periwinkle flesh and palm kernel cake‐based diets on carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers was evaluated. Birds were assigned to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The first diet, which was the control, contained 20 mg kg−1 fishmeal but it did not contain palm kernel cake and periwinkle flesh. The second diet contained 20 mg kg−1 fishmeal, 250 mg kg−1 palm kernel cake but no periwinkle flesh. The third diet contained 60 mg kg−1 periwinkle flesh, 250 mg kg−1 palm kernel cake and no fishmeal. Present in the fourth diet were 250 mg kg−1 palm kernel cake, 30 mg kg−1 periwinkle flesh, no fishmeal and 20 mg kg−1 palm kernel oil. Similarly, the fifth diet contained 250 mg kg−1 palm kernel cake, 30 mg kg−1 periwinkle flesh, no fishmeal and 40 mg kg−1 palm kernel oil. Carcass measures and cuts were significantly influenced (P < 0.05) by dietary treatments. Diets 2, 3 and 5 gave significantly higher plucked dressed weights, total edible meat and total bone weights, respectively. Also carcass cuts were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in birds on periwinkle and palm kernel oil diets, with abdominal fat being highest in diet 5 having 40 mg kg−1 palm kernel oil. However, proximate composition, physical and sensory properties were not significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by dietary treatment. Results showed that carcass characteristics improved as compared to the control group. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Pre‐harvest application of calcium to control black heart disorder in Mauritius pineapples during low‐temperature storage
Authors: Hewajulige Ilmi GN , Wilson Wijeratnam Shanthi , Wijesundera Ravindra LC 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe chill‐sensitive pineapple cv. Mauritius grown in Sri Lanka was subjected to different pre‐harvest calcium treatments in order to determine an effective means of increasing calcium levels in the fruit, thereby reducing the incidence and severity of black heart disorder. Treatments of CaO and CaSO4 (10 g and 15 g per plant) were applied to soil as side dressing 6 weeks after planting, while CaCl2 (1.3 g and 2 g per fruit) were applied as a spray treatment to 1‐month‐old fruit (red bud stage). Fruit were harvested at the 10–20% yellow stage of maturity. Incidence of black heart disorder and observations on total acids, °Brix, ascorbic acid content and total calcium levels were recorded on waxed and unwaxed fruit before and after 17 days storage at 10 °C and 85–90% relative humidity, followed by 2 days at ambient temperature 28 ± 2 °C. Combined treatment of pre‐harvest CaCl2 fruit spray (1.3 g per fruit) followed by post‐harvest wax treatment showed 80% good fruit with no black heart symptoms after low‐temperature storage at 10 °C for 17 days followed by 2 days at ambient temperature of 28 ± 2 °C. However, side dressings of CaO and CaSO4 were found to be less effective in reducing the symptoms, showing less than 30% of good fruit without black heart symptoms. Both core and flesh regions of pineapples subjected to pre‐harvest fruit spray treatment showed higher total calcium levels compared to controls as well as other calcium treatments. Results obtained from the field experiment confirmed that the calcium chloride fruit spray treatment of 1.3 g per fruit in three split doses at 2‐week intervals could be used to reduce the incidence of black heart disorder in Mauritius pineapples. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Continuous baker's yeast production using orange peel as promoting support in the bioreactor
Authors: Plessas Stavros , Kourkoutas Yiannis , Psarianos Constantinos , Kanellaki Maria , Koutinas Athanasios A 
Published: November 2005

AbstractImprovements in maximum growth rate and productivity in biomass production using orange peel as promoter were observed in batch aerobic fermentation. Daily biomass productivity and biomass yield up to 14.9 g (dry weight) L−1 and 0.22 g (dry weight) g−1 utilized sugar respectively in batch aerobic fermentation by the presence of orange peel as promoter were reported. A novel bioreactor for continuous aerobic fermentation of molasses is described and its suitability for baker's yeast production using orange peel as promoter is investigated. The continuous bioreactor was operated for 12 days, stored for 20 days at 10 °C and operated again for another 13 days without any diminution of biomass productivity. Daily biomass productivity, yield and conversion up to 11.2 g (dry weight) L−1, 0.16 g (dry weight) produced g−1 utilized sugar and 90.4% respectively were recorded. The possibility of using such a system for industrial continuous baker's yeast production is discussed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Tocopherol, phytosterol and phospholipid compositions of genetically modified peanut varieties
Authors: Jonnala Ramakanth S , Dunford Nurhan T , Chenault Kelly 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGenetic engineering offers great potential for developing peanut cultivars resistant to a broad spectrum of pathogens that pose a recurring threat to peanut health. In an effort to improve the disease resistance of peanuts, three transgenic peanut lines were developed. Somatic embryos of the peanut cultivar Okrun were transformed by inserting a chitinase gene from rice and/or a β‐1‐3‐glucanase gene from alfalfa. The main objective of this research project was the assessment of composition of the nutritionally beneficial bioactive components in biotechnology‐derived peanut lines. The transgenic peanut lines 188, 540 and 654, which showed increased resistance to fungal diseases, as compared to the parent line, were analyzed for their tocopherol, phytosterol and phospholipid compositions. The compositions of transgenic lines were compared to those of the parent cultivar. The experimental results indicate no major changes in the composition of transgenic peanut lines examined in this study with respect to the cultivar Okrun. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of two biodegradable coatings on corn silage quality
Authors: Denoncourt Patrick , Amyot André , Lacroix Monique 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis experiment was performed to assess two different biodegradable coating formulations for the preservation of corn silage quality. Soy‐ and casein‐based biodegradable coatings were evaluated for their ability to exclude oxygen and preserve corn silage. Experiments were conducted under natural conditions outdoors. The effect of the coating composition on silage quality was compared with the quality of silage covered with a plastic (0.15 mm) (positive control) and uncovered (negative control) after 4 and 8 week periods. The results showed that the two biodegradable coatings offered the same level of silage protection during the overall experiment (8 weeks). As compared with the negative control, the two formulations prevented deterioration associated with air infiltration (heating, mold growth and dry matter losses) and limited the decrease in nutritive value. Also, the pH of the coated silage was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than the negative control after 4 weeks of storage. Silage coated with the biodegradable coatings was able to maintain the pH below 4.5 during the first 4 weeks of storage. The decline in lactic acid concentration seems to have been initiated by the lactate‐utilizing yeasts, responsible for the increase in the silage pH. No visual growth of mold was observed in silage sealed with biodegradable coatings. This study showed that biodegradable coatings were able to protect the quality of silage during 4 weeks but the biodegradable coatings were not as good as plastic at preserving silage after 8 weeks of storage. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
The Guru–Shishya process for radiating knowledge in organizations
Authors: Pio Edwina 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIndia is increasingly becoming a destination for organizations seeking to remain profitable in an intensely competitive international environment. This paper intermeshes the ancient EasternGuru–Shishyaor revered teacher‐pupil process with communities of practice to radiate knowledge in organizations. This Eastern process, based on evidence from three labour intensive organizations in India, is described and analysed, along with the results. The paper contributes to knowledge and process management in organizations by tapping into ancient values as the source for embedding both knowledge sharing and knowledge production. In addition, this paper adds to the managerial discourse on developing countries, and is particularly useful for organizations wishing to engage with, or already doing business in India. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leading Roles: What coaches of women need to know
Authors: Ruderman Marian N. , Ohlott Patricia J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTraditional notions of leadership are largely derived from a male context, but organizations are having to face the fact that the number of women in managerial roles has increased significantly. Th ese women leaders require leadership development techniques that address their particular needs. For executive coaches, this means they must understand the gender differences that may affect the coaching of high‐level women managers and the development needs of these managers.
Urinary calculus fragmentation during Ho: YAG and Er:YAG lithotripsy
Authors: Lee Ho , Kang Hyun Wook , Teichman Joel M.H. , Oh Junghwan , Welch Ashley J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe tested Ho:YAG and Er:YAG laser ablation of human urinary calculi to determine if Er:YAG is a more efficient lithotripsy device.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAblation efficiency of Ho:YAG and Er:YAG lasers was tested at varying energy settings, ranging from the damage threshold to clinical energy setting associated with Ho:YAG laser. Stones of known composition (calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), cystine, and uric acid (UA)) were irradiated. Crater width, depth, and ablation volumes were determined using an optical coherence tomography (OCT).ResultsFor all stones and energy settings, the Er:YAG laser produced deeper craters and larger ablation volumes than Ho:YAG laser. The Ho:YAG laser created wider craters during the multiple pulse process and the shape of craters was irregular.ConclusionsThe Er:YAG laser is more efficient than the Ho:YAG laser for lithotripsy. The deeper craters produced by the Er:YAG laser is attributed to the high absorption of energy at its wavelength. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polynorbornene Dicarboximides with Cyclic Pendant Groups: Synthesis and Gas Transport Properties
Authors: Díaz Kenya , Vargas Joel , Del Castillo Luis F. , Tlenkopatchev Mikhail A. , Aguilar‐Vega Manuel 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSummary: The synthesis of new N‐cyclopentyl‐exo,endo‐norbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide (CpNDI) (3a) and N‐cyclohexyl‐exo,endo‐norbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide (ChNDI) (3b) monomers was carried out. From these monomers, two polynorbornene dicarboximides with cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl pendant groups, poly(exo,endo‐N‐cyclopentyl norbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide) (PCpNDI) and poly(exo,endo‐N‐cyclohexyl norbonene‐5,6‐dicarboximide) (PChNDI), respectively, were synthesized by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). PCpNDI, which bears a cyclic pentyl moiety, shows a higher Tg and mechanical properties compared to PChNDI. A comparison of density, fractional free volume, and gas permeability coefficients of the synthesized polynorbornenes shows that PCpNDI presents a slightly higher density and lower fractional free volume than PChNDI. It was also found that gas permeability coefficients for PCpNDI are lower than those of PChNDI. In all cases, the selectivity followed the usual trade‐off found in other glassy polymers: as gas permeability coefficients increase selectivity decreases.Poly(exo,endo‐N‐cyclopentyl norbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide) (PCpNDI) was synthesized here by ROMP.magnified imagePoly(exo,endo‐N‐cyclopentyl norbornene‐5,6‐dicarboximide) (PCpNDI) was synthesized here by ROMP.