bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a soluble azomethine‐containing bisphenol and the properties of its modified epoxy thermosets
Authors: Zhang Xinghong , Chen Shang , Chen Tao , Sun XueKe , Liu Fei , Qi Guorong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA soluble bisphenol containing azomethine moiety and aromatic ether linkage, 2,2′‐bis {4‐[4‐(hydroxy) phenyliminomethylidene] phenoxyphenyl} propane (BHPP), was synthesized from the reaction of 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde with 2,2′‐bis (4‐aminophenoxy phenyl) propane (BAPP) and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. To improve the overall properties of epoxy/diamine thermoset, ternary‐curing systems combined BAPP/BHPP with diglycidyl ether of biphenyl A (DGEBA) were designed. It was found that the curing behavior and properties of the BAPP/DGEBA system changed dramatically due to the introduction of BHPP. The hybrid‐curing agents BAPP/BHPP exhibited more reactivity toward oxirane group than did BAPP. All the epoxy thermosets had high thermal properties, e.g., glass transition temperatures (Tgs) are between 145 and 170°C, 5% weight loss temperatures over 329°C, integral procedure decomposition temperature (IPDT) varied with 682–1085°C and good flame retardancy for their high limited oxygen index (LOI) values beyond 28.4. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Lignocellulose conversion: an introduction to chemistry, process and economics
Authors: Lange Jean‐Paul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGovernments across the world are stimulating the valorization of local biomass to secure the energy supply, reduce the emissions of fossil CO2 and support the rural economy. A first generation of fuels and chemicals is being produced from high‐value sugars and oils. Meanwhile, a second generation, based on cheaper and more abundant lignocellulosic feedstock, is being developed. This review addresses the variety of chemistries and technologies that are being explored to valorize lignocellulosic biomass. It shows the need to ‘deoxygenate’ the biomass and reviews the main chemical routes for it, i.e. a) the pyrolysis to char, bio‐crude or gas; b) the gasification to syngas and its subsequent conversion, e.g. to alkanes or methanol; c) the hydrolysis to sugar and their subsequent upgrading to oxygenated intermediates via chemical or fermentation routes. The economics of biomass conversion also needs to be considered: the current production cost of biofuels are typically $60–120/barrel of oil equivalent. Influential factors include the cost of the biomass at the plant gate, the conversion efficiency, the scale of the process and the value of the product (e.g. fuel, electricity or chemicals). © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Kunitz‐type protease inhibitors group B from Solanum palustre
Authors: Speransky Anna S. , Cimaglia Fabio , Krinitsina Anastasya A. , Poltronieri Palmiro , Fasano Pasqua , Bogacheva Anna M. , Valueva Tatiana A. , Halterman Dennis , Shevelev Alexei B. , Santino Angelo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFive Kunitz protease inhibitor group B genes were isolated from the genome of the diploid non‐tuber‐forming potato species Solanum palustre. Three of five new genes share 99% identity to the published KPI–B genes from various cultivated potato accessions, while others exhibit 96% identity. Spls‐KPI‐B2 and Spls‐KPI‐B4 proteins contain unique substitutions of the most conserved residues usually involved to trypsin and chymotrypsin‐specific binding sites of Kunitz‐type protease inhibitor (KPI)‐B, respectively. To test the inhibition of trypsin and chymotrypsin by Spls‐KPI proteins, five of them were produced in E. coli purified using a Ni‐sepharose resin and ion‐exchange chromatography. All recombinant Spls‐KPI‐B inhibited trypsin; Ki values ranged from 84.8 (Spls‐KPI‐B4), 345.5 (Spls‐KPI‐B1), and 1310.6 nM (Spls‐KPI‐B2) to 3883.5 (Spls‐KPI‐B5) and 8370 nM (Spls‐KPI‐B3). In addition, Spls‐KPI‐B1 and Spls‐KPI‐B4 inhibited chymotrypsin. These data suggest that regardless of substitutions of key active‐center residues both Spls‐KPI‐B4 and Spls‐KPI‐B1 are functional trypsin‐chymotrypsin inhibitors.
Alternating penalty quadrilinear decomposition algorithm for an analysis of four‐way data arrays
Authors: Xia A‐Lin , Wu Hai‐Long , Li Shu‐Fang , Zhu Shao‐Hua , Hu Le‐Qian , Yu Ru‐Qin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel algorithm, alternating penalty quadrilinear decomposition (APQLD), is developed as an extension of alternating penalty trilinear decomposition (APTLD) for decomposition of quadrilinear data and applied to third‐order calibration. The proposed method as well as four‐way parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) not only retains the second‐order advantages possessed in second‐order calibration but also holds additional advantage, for example with trilinear data from one sample, the intrinsic profiles in each order can be determined uniquely for each species in the sample. From simulations, it is observed that another advantage is that the introduction of fourth mode can relieve the serious problem of collinearity. It can be defined the ‘third‐order advantage’. It was shown a much higher convergence rate compared with four‐way PARAFAC. Moreover, it is generally insensitive to the overestimates of the component number chosen. This offers the advantage that in third‐order calibration one need not pay much attention to determining a proper component number for the model, and it is difficult for four‐way PARAFAC to avoid it. By treating simulated and one real excitation‐emission‐pH data sets, the results indicated that both APQLD and PARAFAC work well, but the performance of APQLD is better than that of PARAFAC in the prediction of concentration even if the component number chosen is the same as the actual number of underlying factors in the real system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raw data pre‐processing in the protozoa and metazoa identification by image analysis and multivariate statistical techniques
Authors: Ginoris Y. P. , Amaral A. L. , Nicolau A. , Coelho M. A. Z. , Ferreira E. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDifferent protozoa and metazoa populations develop in the activated sludge wastewater treatment processes and are highly dependent on the operating conditions. In the current work the protozoa and metazoa groups and species most frequent in wastewater treatment plants were studied, mainly the flagellate, sarcodine, and ciliate protozoa as well as the rotifer, gastrotrichia, and oligotrichia metazoa. The work is centered on the survey of the wastewater treatment plant conditions by protozoa and metazoa population using image analysis, discriminant analysis (DA), and neural networks (NNs) techniques, and its main objective was set on the evaluation of the importance of raw data pre‐processing techniques in the final results. The main pre‐processing techniques herein studied were the raw parameters reduction set by a joint cross‐correlation and decision trees (DTs) procedure and two data normalization techniques: logarithmic normalization and standard deviation normalization. Regarding the parameters reduction methodology, the use of a joint DTs and correlation analysis (CA) procedure resulted in 28 and 30% reductions in terms of the initial parameters set for the stalked and non‐stalked microorganisms, respectively. Consequently, the use of the reduced parameters set has proven to be a suitable starting point for both the DA and NNs methodologies, although for the DA an initial logarithmic normalization step is advisable. For the NNs analysis a standard deviation normalization procedure could be considered for the non‐stalked microorganisms regarding the operating parameters assessment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic Perturbation in a Molecular Nanowire of [IrCl5(NO)]− Units
Authors: Di Salvo Florencia , Escola Natalia , Scherlis Damián A. , Estrin Darío A. , Bondía Carlos , Murgida Daniel , Ramallo‐López José M. , Requejo Félix G. , Shimon Linda , Doctorovich Fabio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe nitrosyl in [IrCl5(NO)]− is probably the most electrophilic known to date. This fact is reflected by its extremely high IR frequency in the solid state, electrochemical behavior, and remarkable reactivity in solution. PPh4[IrCl5(NO)] forms a crystal in which the [IrCl5(NO)]− anions are in a curious wire‐like linear arrangement, in which the distance between the NO moiety of one anion and the trans chloride of the upper one nearby is only 2.8 Å. For the same complex [IrCl5(NO)]− but with a different counterion, Na[IrCl5(NO)], the anions are stacked one over the other in a side‐by‐side arrangement. In this case the electronic distribution can be depicted as the closed‐shell electronic structure IrIIINO+, as expected for any d6 third‐row transition metal complex. However, in PPh4[IrCl5(NO)] an unprecedented electronic perturbation takes place, probably due to NO.–Cl− acceptor–donor interactions among a large number of [IrCl5(NO)]− units, favoring a different electronic distribution, namely the open‐shell electronic structure IrIVNO.. This conclusion is based on XANES experimental evidence, which demonstrates that the formal oxidation state for iridium in PPh4[IrCl5(NO)] is +4, as compared with +3 in K[IrCl5(NO)]. In agreement, solid‐state DFT calculations show that the ground state for [IrCl5(NO)]− in the PPh4+ salt comprises an open‐shell singlet with an electronic structure which encompasses half of the spin density mainly localized on a metal‐centered orbital, and the other half on an NO‐based orbital. The electronic perturbation could be seen as an electron promotion from a metal–chloride to a metal–NO orbital, due to the small HOMO–LUMO gap in PPh4[IrCl5(NO)]. This is probably induced by electrostatic interactions acting as a result of the closeness and wire‐like spatial arrangement of the Ir metal centers, imposed by lattice forces due to π–π stacking interactions among the phenyl rings in PPh4+. Experimental and theoretical data indicate that in PPh4[IrCl5(NO)] the IrNO moiety is partially bent and tilted.
Computational Study of the Phosphoryl Transfer Catalyzed by a Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase
Authors: De Vivo Marco , Cavalli Andrea , Carloni Paolo , Recanatini Maurizio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA cyclin‐dependent kinase, Cdk2, catalyzes the transfer of the γ‐phosphate from ATP to a threonine or serine residue of its polypeptide substrates. Here, we investigate aspects of the reaction mechanism of Cdk2 by gas‐phase density functional calculations, classical molecular dynamics, and Car–Parrinello QM/MM simulations. We focus on the role of the conserved Asp127 and on the nature of the phosphoryl transfer reaction mechanism catalyzed by Cdk2. Our findings suggest that Asp127 is active in its deprotonated form by assisting the formation of the near‐attack orientation of the substrate serine or threonine. Therefore, the residue does not act as a general base during the catalysis. The mechanism for the phosphoryl transfer is a single SN2‐like concerted step, which shows a phosphorane‐like transition state geometry. Although the resulting reaction mechanism is in agreement with a previous density functional study of the same catalytic reaction mechanism (Cavalli et al., Chem. Comm. 2003, 1308–1309), the reaction barrier is considerably lower when QM/MM calculations are performed, as in this study (≈42 kcal mol−1 QM vs. ≈24 kcal mol−1 QM/MM); this indicates that important roles for the catalysis are played by the protein environment and solvent waters. Because of the high amino acid sequence conservation among the whole family of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), these results could be general for the CDK family.
The Versatile Reactivity of cyclo‐(P5tBu4)− with Complexes of the Nickel Triad
Authors: Gómez‐Ruiz Santiago , Schisler Andrea , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNa[cyclo‐(P5tBu4)] (1) reacts with [NiCl2(PEt3)2] and [PdCl2(PMe2Ph)2] with elimination of tBuCl and formation of the corresponding metal(0) cyclopentaphosphene complexes [Ni{cyclo‐(P5tBu3)}(PEt3)2] (2) and [Pd{cyclo‐(P5tBu3)}(PMe2Ph)2] (3). In contrast, complexes with the more labile triphenylphosphane ligand, such as [MCl2(PPh3)2] (M=Ni, Pd), react with 1 with formation of [NiCl{cyclo‐(P5tBu4)}(PPh3)] (4) and [Pd{cyclo‐(P5tBu4)}2] (5), respectively, in which the cyclo‐(P5tBu4) ligand is intact. In the case of palladium, the cyclopentaphosphene complex [Pd{cyclo‐(P5tBu3)}(PPh3)2] (6) in trace amounts is also formed. However, [Ni{cyclo‐(P5tBu4)}2] (7) is easily obtained by reaction of two equivalents of 1 and one equivalent of [NiCl2(bipy)] at room temperature. Complex 7 rearranges on heating in n‐hexane or toluene to the previously unknown [Ni{cyclo‐(P5tBu4)PtBu}{cyclo‐(P4tBu3)}] (8), which presumably is formed via the intermediate [Ni{cyclo‐(P5tBu4)}{cyclo‐(P4tBu3)PtBu}], which, after an unexpected and unprecedented phosphanediide migration, gives 8, but always as an inseparable mixture with 7. In the reaction of 1 with [PtCl2(PPh3)2], ring contraction and formation of [PtCl{cyclo‐(P4tBu3)PtBu}(PMe2Ph)] (9) is observed. Complexes 3–5 and 7–9 were characterised by 31P NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray structures were obtained for 5–9.
Conformational Effects of Bay Substituents on Optical, Electrochemical and Dynamic Properties of Perylene Bisimides: Macrocyclic Derivatives as Effective Probes
Authors: Osswald Peter , Würthner Frank 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA series of diagonally and laterally bridged regioisomeric macrocycles based on 1,6,7,12‐tetraaryloxy‐substituted perylene bisimides (APBIs) have been synthesized and characterized. The different orientations of the aryloxy residues, that is, horizontal or perpendicular to the perylene core, in the regioisomeric macrocycles have been elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, and the dynamic properties of the laterally bridged regioisomers have been investigated by temperature‐dependent NMR measurements. The influence of the different orientations of the aryloxy substituents on the electrochemical properties of APBIs is demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry, which reveals that a perpendicular orientation of the aryloxy residues relative to the perylene core leads to a substantial decrease of the LUMO energy level of the perylene bisimide electrophore. The optical properties of the regioisomeric macrocycles have been determined by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. It has been shown that the diagonally bridged macrocycles exhibit optical properties that differ significantly from those of an open‐chain reference compound, whereas the optical properties of the laterally bridged isomers resemble those of the reference system. This demonstrates that unrestricted aryloxy substituents prefer the lateral conformation in solution. Solvent‐dependent fluorescent properties have been exemplified for one diagonally bridged derivative, suggesting a photoinduced electron transfer process as fluorescence quenching mechanism for APBIs. From these investigations, guidelines toward highly fluorescent APBI dyes in polar media could be derived.
Crystal Structure and Magnetism of YPt2B.
Authors: Dias M. , Sologub O. L. , Pereira L. C. J. , Goncalves A. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the GdCrxAl12‐x (x = 3.5 and 4.0) Intermetallics.
Authors: Verbovytsky Yu. , Latka K. , Pacyna A. W. , Tomala K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics of the Bi—Sb—Sn Ternary System.
Authors: Manasijevic Dragan , Vrest'al Jan , Minic Dusko , Kroupa Ales , Zivkovic Dragana , Zivkovic Zivan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Azide Ion to α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Kim Sung‐Gon , Park Tae‐Ho 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Control in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Methylenecyclopropylcarbinols Using Acetic Acid as a Reagent.
Authors: Shi Min , Wang Bao‐Yu , Shao Li‐Xiong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of β‐Amino Acid Derivatives by Nickel(0)‐Mediated Sequential Addition of Carbon Dioxide and Dibenzoyldiazene onto Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.
Authors: Murakami Masahiro , Ishida Naoki , Miura Tomoya 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enhanced Reactivity in Radical Cyclizations of Hydrazones Using the Silicon‐Tethered 1‐Bromovinyl Group.
Authors: Friestad Gregory K. , Jiang Tao , Mathies Alex K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Oxidation of Functionalized Sterically Hindered Disulfides.
Authors: Khiar Noureddine , Mallouk Siham , Valdivia Victoria , Bougrin Khalid , Soufiaoui Mohammed , Fernandez Immaculada 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Allylic Cyanohydrins as Versatile Substrates for Diastereoselective Copper(I)‐Mediated SN2′ Allylic Substitutions.
Authors: Perrone Sylvie , Metzger Albrecht , Knochel Paul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Cyclic Compounds Through the Intramolecular Michael‐Type Reaction Utilizing Alkyne—Hexacarbonyldicobalt Complex Formation.
Authors: Inaba Kennichi , Takaya Jun , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Imidazole and Imidazoline Derivatives as N‐Donor Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Mizoroki—Heck Reaction.
Authors: Haneda Satoshi , Ueba Chigusa , Eda Kazuo , Hayashi Masahiko 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel and Efficient Approach to Fluorinated β‐Aminobutanones Catalyzed by Molecular Iodine.
Authors: Xia Min , Lu Yue‐dong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Addition of Methyl Group to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Titanium Complex of Fluorous Ligand.
Authors: Omote Masaaki , Tanaka Naoya , Tarui Atsushi , Sato Kazuyuki , Kumadaki Itsumaro , Ando Akira 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nitrile‐Promoted Rh‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroacylation of Olefins with Salicylaldehyde.
Authors: Imai Masanori , Tanaka Masakazu , Nagumo Shinji , Kawahara Norio , Suemune Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐2‐propanones from Aromatic Amine
Authors: Li Li , Chen Hongbiao , Lin Yuanbin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A High Temperature Investigation Using Microwave Synthesis for Electronically and Sterically Disfavoured Substrates of the Newman—Kwart Rearrangement.
Authors: Moseley Jonathan D. , Lenden Philip 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction of Aryl Bromides in Aqueous Media Using Tris(n‐heterocyclic carbene) Ligands.
Authors: Oezdemir Ismail , Demir Serpil , Cetinkaya Bekir 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simple, Efficient, and Stereoselective Oxidation of Triphenylfurans to cis‐But‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diones.
Authors: Rappai John P. , Prathapan Sreedharan , Unni Manthitta V. Vishnu , Unnikrishnan Perupparampil A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Synthetic Methodologies. Part 2. Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution in Enamine Derivatives of 1‐Hydroxynaphthalene‐2,4‐dicarbaldehyde.
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni V. , Rosaiah Jammikuntla N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Synthesis of 1‐Arylmethyl‐2‐naphthols.
Authors: Paul Nawal K. , Dietrich Lindsay , Jha Amitabh 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Aldol‐type Reaction Catalyzed by Arylmalonate Decarboxylase — A Decarboxylase Can Catalyze an Entirely Different Reaction, Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Terao Yosuke , Miyamoto Kenji , Ohta Hiromichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Darzens Condensations.
Authors: Achard Thierry J. R. , Belokon Yuri N. , Ilyin Michael , Moskalenko Margarita , North Michael , Pizzato Francesca 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.