bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Volume and Homogeneity of Obturation with Four Different Obturation Systems Using Micro-Computed Tomography: An In vitro Study
Authors: Nagarajan V , Ahamed A Shafie , Sreekrishnapillai Bhavani , Rajaraman G , Elangovan Selvendran Kasiswamy , Guptha R Vignesh 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To evaluate and compare volume and homogeneity of the three different root canal obturation systems.

Materials and Methods:
Single-rooted premolar (n = 24) teeth samples were selected, and crowns were removed for standardization. Four groups are divided randomly as (n = 6), namely: For group I (single-cone gutta-percha obturation), group II (Beefill 2 in 1 obturation), group III (GuttaCore obturation), group IV (GuttaFlow bioseal obturation) and the root canal were subjected to prepare till X3 (protaper next) and subjected to micro-CT imaging. After completion of obturation, the image was taken by using micro-CT imaging. This is to evaluate the volume of filled obturation material in the canal space and the voided area sections, viz. the apical, middle, coronal, and third sections.

Results:
Group III (GuttaCore obturation) showed the least significant mean of the difference in relation to the volume of the canal obturation (81.148). The least mean significant difference in area of voids in the canal region for apical (0.00133), middle (0.00233), and coronal thirds (0.00533). The most statistically significant difference is in the apical and middle thirds root canal space.

Conclusion:
All the experimental groups showed significant differences in volume and voids in the obturation at three different levels, and the GuttaCore obturation systems occupied more of the volume with less voids in the prepared root canal space.
Accelerated Orthodontic Treatment using Biomodulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ambroise Marie A. , Avirachan Tara V. , Brijesh S. , Jerald Arun Bosco , Sreelatha Mahima Anilkumar , Lipare Sukumar V. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Orthodontic treatment often spans several months or even years, which can be burdensome for patients. Biomodulation techniques have emerged as potential strategies to expedite orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized clinical trial was conducted with a sample of 60 orthodontic patients, aged 12–30 years, requiring fixed appliance therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to either the biomodulation group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30). The biomodulation group received low-level laser therapy (LLLT) along with traditional orthodontic treatment, while the control group received conventional orthodontic treatment without LLLT. Treatment duration, pain perception, and orthodontic tooth movement were assessed during the study period.

Results:
The results demonstrated a significant reduction in treatment duration in the biomodulation group compared to the control group. The biomodulation group exhibited a 30% reduction in overall treatment time, with an average treatment duration of 8.4 months, while the control group required an average of 12 months (P < 0.001). Pain perception during orthodontic adjustments was lower in the biomodulation group. Additionally, biomodulation was associated with a statistically significant increase in the rate of tooth movement, as evidenced by a 20% reduction in the time required to achieve desired tooth alignment (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Biomodulation through low-level laser therapy represents a promising adjunct to traditional orthodontic treatment, significantly accelerating tooth movement and reducing treatment duration.
Comparing Radiation Doses in CBCT and Medical CT Imaging for Dental Applications
Authors: Khader Abdul , Jain Sulabh , Sarah  , Mishra Shweta , Saleem Sumera , Vijayan Anu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment planning, with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and medical computed tomography (CT) being two common modalities. This study aims to compare the radiation doses associated with CBCT and medical CT imaging in dental applications to assess their relative safety and efficacy.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study using data from 100 patients who underwent both CBCT and medical CT scans for dental purposes. The radiation doses were measured in terms of dose-length product (DLP) for medical CT and dose-area product (DAP) for CBCT. The effective dose (ED) was calculated using appropriate conversion factors. Patient demographics, scan parameters, and radiation doses were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
The results indicated that the mean DLP for medical CT scans was 220 mGycm, whereas the mean DAP for CBCT scans was 150 mGycm². The corresponding mean effective doses for medical CT and CBCT were 2.5 mSv and 1.8 mSv, respectively. The radiation dose from CBCT was found to be approximately 28% lower than that from medical CT.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that CBCT imaging for dental applications results in significantly lower radiation doses compared to medical CT. While both modalities provide valuable diagnostic information, the choice of imaging technique should consider the balance between diagnostic quality and radiation exposure, especially for pediatric and high-risk patients. Dental practitioners should be aware of the potential dose reduction benefits associated with CBCT when appropriate for the clinical scenario.
Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy, Molecular Docking of Ethanolic Extract of Blackseed, Seaweed and Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament with Enterococcus Faecalis Antigens
Authors: Radha S. , Ahamed A. Shafie , Gutmann James L. , Bhavani S. , Rajaraman G. , Chittrarasu M. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To evaluate the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract blackseed, seaweed, and calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. To study the binding interaction between the active components of blackseed and seaweed against the enterococcal surface protein of (E. faecalis) by molecular docking.

Materials and Methods:
The ethanolic extracts of blackseed and seaweed were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus. They were divided into three groups, namely, |Group I: Calcium hydroxide, Group II: Blackseed, and Group III: Seaweed. The antibacterial activity of the three groups was detected employing various concentrations ranging from 250, 125, and 62.5 μg/ml and based on the zone of inhibition. The inhibitory potential of medicaments to inhibit E. faecalis growth at various stages and kinetics plate were assessed following biofilm architecture evaluation by crystal violet biofilm assay. With the Swissdock suite, the molecular docking procedure was carried out. PyMOL version 4.1.5 was the program used for visualization. Since enterococcal surface protein (Esp) is primarily involved in the formation of biofilms, it was chosen as the target protein of E. faecalis. Based on their chromatographic investigations, Group II Thymoquinone (TQ) and Group III Ledenoxide were chosen as ligands.

Results:
The percentage of inhibition of E. faecalis biofilm was analyzed as statistically significant observed within groups. On post-hoc analysis, significant differences were present between the groups (P < 0.05). Molecular docking reveals binding energies of thymoquinone (Group II) and ledenoxide (Group III) against the enterococcal surface protein of E. faecalis were −6.90 Kcal/mol and −6.44 Kcal/mol, respectively.

Conclusion:
Compared to seaweed, black seed extract exhibited higher antibacterial activity against the E. faecalis biofilm in microbial inhibition and molecular interaction.
Assessment of the Saudi Population’s Knowledge and Awareness Toward a Sedentary Lifestyle Risk Factors in the Post-COVID-19 Era
Authors: Alsannat Ibrahim A. , Al-Jabr Khalid H. , Asiri Faisal M. , Almazroua Abdulmjeed M. , Almazroua Mohammed M. , Alqudaimi Abdulelah E. , Alonazi Essa H. , Alsharif Mohammed H. Karrar 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Sedentary behaviors have been on the rise, potentially exacerbated by lockdowns, remote work, and lifestyle shifts during the pandemic, emphasizing the need to assess public awareness regarding associated health risks. This study investigated the knowledge and awareness levels of the Saudi population regarding sedentary lifestyle risk factors in the post-COVID-19 era.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study included 400 participants and was conducted from May 2023 to July 2023 using a questionnaire distributed randomly through social media in multiple regions of Saudi Arabia.

Results:
The majority of the participants were females (57.1%), aged 15–25 years (54.3%), had a higher educational degree (65.4%) and were single (62%). Most (62%) of the participants reported declined/physical activity levels in the post-COVID-19 era. Our study found that 65% of the participants had increased usage of online shopping and delivery applications after the pandemic, and a significant portion (66%) had less than 150–300 min of moderate aerobic activity weekly. Barriers, such as bad weather and insufficient time for exercise, had significant impacts.

Conclusion:
This study provides valuable insights into the Saudi population’s demographic characteristics, knowledge, and behaviors related to physical activity and health.
Knowledge and Perception of Artificial Intelligence among Faculty Members and Students at Batterjee Medical College
Authors: Alshanberi Asim M. , Mousa Ahmed H. , Hashim Sama A. , Almutairi Reem S. , Alrehali Sara , Hamisu Aisha M. , Shaikhomer Mohammed , Ansari Shakeel A. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Mounting research suggests that artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the innovations that aid in the patient’s diagnosis and treatment, but unfortunately limited research has been conducted in this regard in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of AI among faculty members and medicine students in one of the premier medical colleges in KSA.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Batterjee Medical College (BMC), Jeddah (KSA), from November 2022 to April 2023.

Result:
A total of 131 participants contributed to our study, of which three were excluded due to incomplete responses, thereby giving a response rate of 98%.

Conclusion:
85.4% of the respondents believe that AI has a positive impact on the healthcare system and physicians in general. Hence, there should be a mandatory course in medical schools that can prepare future doctors to diagnose patients more accurately, make predictions about patients’ future health, and recommend better treatments.
Biosynthesis of Cissus rotundifolia Stem-Mediated Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Their Anticariogenic Activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus sp.
Authors: Rajasekar Rakesh , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar , Anandan Jayasree 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts has emerged as an eco-friendly method. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) were synthesized using Cissus rotundifolia in this study. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were utilized in restorative medicine for enhanced medicinal properties and in dental composites for their antimicrobial activities. Cissus rotundifolia is recognized as a medicinal plant due to its diverse properties, including mild laxatives, anti-inflammatory, and hyperglycemic activities.

Materials and Methods:
The antimicrobial activity of the prepared nanoparticles against Lactobacillus Sp. and Streptococcus mutans was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. The bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of the prepared TiO2NPs was examined using time-kill kinetic analysis.

Results:
The prepared nanoparticles exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus sp. (12 mm) at the highest concentration of 100 µg/mL. The prepared nanoparticles also exhibited excellent bactericidal activity against Lactobacillus Sp. and mild bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus mutans at the highest concentration of 100 µg/mL.

Conclusion:
The synthesized TiO2NPs showed significant antimicrobial activity against dental pathogens. The observed anticariogenic activity shows the potential of nanoparticles for dental applications. Hence, the prepared nanoparticles can be used in the field of dentistry as an antimicrobial agent instead of synthetic drugs causing more side effects.
Development of Anti-Inflammatory Drug from Crataeva Nurvala: In Silico and In Vitro Approach
Authors: Nithin Krishna K. , Krishnamoorthy Kalaiselvi , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Jayaraman Selvaraj 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Crataeva nurvala, a medicinal plant with potential therapeutic properties, offers a promising avenue for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs. This study adopted a combined in silico and in vitro approach to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of compounds derived from Crataeva nurvala.

Materials and Methods:
In the in silico phase, virtual screening and molecular docking analyses were conducted to identify bioactive compounds from Crataeva nurvala that could interact with key inflammatory targets. Subsequently, selected compounds were synthesized and subjected to in vitro experimentation. Cellular models were employed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of Crataeva nurvala-derived compounds, focusing on the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and the underlying signaling pathways.

Results:
Virtual screening and molecular docking led to the identification of several bioactive compounds with favorable interactions with inflammatory targets. In the in vitro experiments, treatment with Crataeva nurvala-derived compounds resulted in a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, the compounds exhibited the ability to modulate inflammatory signaling pathways, further substantiating their anti-inflammatory potential.

Conclusions:
This study not only contributes to the development of effective anti-inflammatory drugs but also underscores the value of harnessing natural sources such as Crataeva nurvala for therapeutic interventions in inflammatory disorders. The dual-phase strategy presented here provides a robust framework for anti-inflammatory drug discovery and validation.
Emotional Intelligence, Perceived Stress and Life Quality Assessment Among Dental Students
Authors: Aljehani Dareen K. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The capacity to grasp and recognize one’s own and human feelings, use cognitive awareness to control actions and behavior, and modify moods in response to difficult situations is known as emotional intelligence (EI). Perceived stress has been linked to higher levels of depression among healthcare students. This study set out to assess EI, perceived stress (PS), and life quality assessment (LQA) among dental undergraduates and to ascertain how these factors are linked to one another.

Materials and Methods:
The self-reported cross-sectional research was organized among preclinical and clinical years of dental students to examine their emotional intelligence and stress-coping capacity. About 146 students participated in the study, with ages ranging from 19 to 25, irrespective of gender. The students were given the Schutte Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Stress Scale tools (PSS10) by Cohen, and with World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) tool examined the characteristics that contribute to life quality among students.

Results:
The study included 146 individuals, 38 males (26.02%) and 108 females (73.97%), with an unresponsiveness rate of 2.66%. The correlation revealed statistically high significance among emotional intelligence and perceived stress (P = 0.000), perceived stress and life quality (P = 0.02), and emotional intelligence and life quality (P = 0.008). The statistical analysis of the influence of EI, PS, and LQA on academic year-wise analysis determined non-significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Due to the time constraints of their job, dentistry training may be highly stressful, yet regular evaluations of student performance and the accompanying factors would help us to understand how students behave in challenging circumstances.
Prevalence of Dental Caries among Thermal Power Station Workers in South India
Authors: Pillai Dinesh Dhamodhar Mathevan , Valliappan Subramanian , Sivalingam Balaji , Nyklesh V. , Nandini K. , Kumarappan Kannan , Nagappan Nagappan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
An increase in the trend of rapid industrialization has resulted in the mushrooming of industries in various sectors throughout the world. This study tries to document caries prevalence among thermal power station workers in South India.

Materials and Methods:
A pilot study was conducted among 53 thermal power station workers, and based on the same, the sample size was calculated.

Results:
The caries prevalence was 62.5% in thermal power station I workers and 61.5% in thermal power station II workers. The mean DMFT was 2.96 among thermal power station I workers and 2.87 among thermal power station II workers.

Conclusion:
The caries prevalence was 79.2% in the 35- to 44-year-old age group, according to the National Oral Health Survey and Fluoride Mapping.
Effect of Various Etching Techniques on Shear Strength of Newer Generation Composites
Authors: Chaudhari Wasifoddin A. , Birajdar Aparna , Jani Karna , Deshmukh Mrunal V. , Thakar Gargkumar C. , Soni Sarang N. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
To evaluate the effect of lasers on the shear bond strength of Giomer and G-aenial flo composite using three different etching techniques.

Materials and Methods:
60 Samples (extracted human premolar teeth) are cut horizontally using a diamond disk to expose a flat occlusal surface involving enamel and dentin. On exposed occlusal surfaces, etching is done by various methods. These were divided into six groups of ten samples each as follows: group I (acid etched for Giomer), group II (acid etched for G-aenial flo composite), group III (laser etched for Giomer), group IV (Laser etched for G-aenial flo composite), group V (air abrasion etched for Giomer), group VI (Air abrasion etched for G-aenial flo composite). Then, restorative material is placed and cured with light for 20 seconds. The samples were thermocycled to simulate the oral environment. The samples were subjected to a universal testing machine for bond strength testing at a cross-head speed of 3 mm/min until the restoration will fracture.

Results:
The intergroup comparison between both the materials using Student’s t-test gives insignificant results. The intergroup comparison between different etching techniques using two-way ANOVA tests gives insignificant results.

Conclusion:
Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that Giomer and G-aenial flo composite achieved the same shear bond strength in all the etching techniques.
Effect of Child Health Drinks on Color Stability of Various Aesthetic Restorative Materials – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Khekade Sneha H. , Chandak Shweta , George Miranda , Gahlod Niharika , Kothari Sonal , Patil Sachin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In pediatric dentistry, the esthetically pleasing materials have tremendously changed the concept of restorative practice.

Aim and Objectives:
1. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of child health drinks on color stability of various esthetic restorative materials via spectrophotometric analysis and to identify the esthetic restorative material that is color-stable against child health drinks.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 120 disk-shaped specimens with a diameter of 12 mm and a thickness of 2 mm were made from a composite (Dyract), giomer (Shofu), and composite (GC). Each group of 40 specimens of each material was divided into four sub-groups. Each sub-group was stored in different solutions, distilled water, Bournvita, Horlicks, and Pediasure, for 60 days. The color change measurement was done using a spectrophotometer both before and after staining.

Result:
One-way analysis of variance depicted that when the ΔE values of the restorative material were tested against each of the child health drink, there was a statistically significant difference between all child health drinks (P < 0.00001). When restorative materials were compared with the staining agent on 60 days duration, except Pediasure and Control, others (i.e. Horlicks and Bournvita) showed a statistically high significance (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Bournvita caused the highest color changes in 60 days time interval, followed by Horlicks and Pediasure. When the discoloration of several materials is studied, the highest level of discoloration was observed in the compomer, followed by the giomer, and the lowest level in the composite.
The Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Consumption and Its Effects on Gingival and Periodontal Health Among the Adults in the Emirates of Sharjah, UAE – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yadadi Sunaina Shetty , Mohammed Marwan Mansoor , Abdelhakim Ahmed Amir Mahmoud , Badrkhan Mohammed Hesham , Emam Amr Ahmed Ibrahim , Alshatti Abdullaziz , Shetty Raghavendra M 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has been linked with various oral signs and symptoms, such as oral mucosal lesions and gingival and periodontal effects. However, there is limited research on the prevalence of SLT use and its impact on gingival and periodontal health in the adult population of the Emirates of Sharjah.

Aim:
To assess the prevalence of SLT consumption and its effects on gingival and periodontal health in the adult population of the Emirates of Sharjah.

Methods:
The study evaluated 171 dentate patients aged 18–77 years who use SLT or are nonsmokers. Data were collected through a questionnaire on SLT use and periodontal health assessed using plaque index, gingival index (GI), attachment score, and gingival recession (GR). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 27.0 version.

Results:
Among 390 screened participants, 28 subjects (21 males and 7 females) were SLT users with prevalence of 7.18%. No significant differences were found in plaque index, GI, or periodontal pocket depth. However, SLT users had significantly higher clinical attachment loss scores (mean 4.01 mm, SD 0.35) compared to non-users (mean 1.49 mm, SD 1.12). Significant differences were also observed in GR.

Conclusions:
This study provides insights into the prevalence and impact of SLT use on periodontal and gingival health in UAE adults. SLT usage is associated with a higher risk of periodontitis and gingivitis, indicating the need for awareness and intervention. Further research is required to validate results and consider confounding factors.