bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A magnificent chaos: feminist (nursing) comments on Western philosophy
Authors: Emden Carolyn 
Published: August 2007

A magnificent chaos: feminist (nursing) comments on Western philosophyThis paper primarily concerns feminists' problems with Western philosophy and the implications of these for nursing. My interest arises from some reading of philosophy and a profound disenchantment with its male bias. As Susan Moller Okin says, readers should not be misled by the use of supposedly generic terms like ‘mankindrsquo; and allegedly inclusive pronouns, into thinking philosophers intended to refer to the whole human race. Moira Gatens takes the view that feminists cannot ignore the frameworks and assumptions of traditional philosophy and identifies three major ways in which the relationship between feminist theory and philosophical discourse can be characterized. In contrasting Gatens' thesis with a nursing case in point about ways of viewing disciplines, some ideas emerge for nurses to find positive ways forward in the philosophical enterprise. The topic extends to feminists' reactions to postmodern thinking and subsequent questions raised by these for nurses and nursing.
Transformative ‘cultural shifts' in nursing: participatory action research and the ’project of possibility‘
Authors: Robinson Andrew 
Published: August 2007

Transformative ‘cultural shifts’ in nursing: participatory action research and the lsquo;project of possibility’For some time scholars have called for changes in nursing in order to address the subjugated position of nurses within health care. This paper argues that through an engagement with participatory action research, nurses open up a possibility to bring about transformative shifts in nursing culture. The motivation for nurses to engage with this research process arises out of an acknowledgement that they can no longer live with the sense of pain and crisis endemic in much of their nursing practice, and a desire to take action to bring about transformative change within their local ward cultures. However, their participation in critical reflective and collaborative processes that underpin action research exposes an array of minor scattered nursing practices which frustrate possibilities for transformative change. Drawing on empirical accounts from research conducted by the author, the paper argues that once made explicit, these minor practices and the regimes of truth that nurture and sustain them, can be reconstructed and the possibility of transformative cultural shifts in nursing will then emerge.
Professionalism as ideology: a socio‐historical analysis of the discourse of professionalism in nursing
Authors: Turkoski Beatrice B. 
Published: August 2007

Professionalism as ideology: a socio‐historical analysis of the discourse of professionalism in nursingFor most of this century, extensive and heated discourse has surrounded defining, conceptualizing, and implementing nursing professionalism. These discussions, for the most part, have approached professionalism as a set of universal, unchanging, objectively‐measured criteria. This study explores professionalism as an ideology; an image drat a social group gives of itself to itself, as a community with a history and identity. Analyses of eight decades of the American Journal of Nursing identify ways that the language of professionalism gives meaning to changing and competing social structures through rationalization and legitimation. The study further identifies how change has often been illusionary, illuminating how the language of professionalism has served to legitimate, and conceal reality. Identifying and understanding how political, social, and economic domination and asymmetry are rationalized and legitimated through language and ideology will allow nursing to demystify constraints and coercion in the delivery of health care.School of Nursing Graduate Faculty, Kent State University, Kent OH 44242, USA
Giving permission to embodied knowing to inform nursing research methodology: the poetics of voice (s)
Authors: King Alison 
Published: August 2007

Giving permission to embodied knowing to inform nursing research methodology: die poetics of voice(s)This paper originated from my experience of trying to find an authentic way to research women's experience of the pre‐menstruum. I describe how personal change informed an evolving methodological approach. This change occurred when I felt tension between two strong voices. Conflict and insecurities originated from the pressure of my academic voice to conform to the dominant culture in what often seemed a disempowering way; a way that denied my body voice by emphasizing theory over experience. The construction of a poetic of voice (s) to illustrate how I eventually found an embodied voice is used to provide space for the reader's own interpretive process. The evolving embodied voice integrates my experience as a woman/nurse/researcher, validating my knowing bodily, practically, experientially and academically that I was able to help the participants to disclose their embodied knowing. This approach has wider implications when considering the value nurse researchers and academics give to embodied wisdom.
Historical continuities and constraints in the professionalization of nursing
Authors: Forsyth Sue 
Published: August 2007

Historical continuities and constraints in the professionalization of nursingThe support of medicine and the state may be crucial to nursing's current professional aspirations for legitimation and implementation of nursing reforms and for new roles for nurses in health care. As such, medicine and the state are in the invidious position of influencing nursing's occupational future. This situation is not new. An historical analysis of the establishment of nursing at Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia, at the end of the nineteenth century reveals that the State Government of NSW and the medical profession supported nursing's occupational development, yet set the framework within which this could occur. For instance, the state provided patronage to nursing through recommendations of the 1873 Royal Commission and because it financially backed Prince Alfred Hospital, while the medical profession defined nursing knowledge and practice through its control of the nursing curriculum. Membership of the hospital board provided both medicine and the state with powerful positions over hospital policies that affected nursing. While nursing became established as a distinct occupation for women with the aid of State and medical support, its subordinate position in health care was, and continues to be, constrained by these traditional supporters. This relationship between nursing, medicine and the state has implications for nursing's current professionalization strategies and aspirations.
The inner ache: an experiential perspective on loneliness
Authors: Casey Marie S. , Holmes Colin A. 
Published: August 2007

The inner ache: an experiential perspective on IonelinessThis paper examines the various theoretical approaches that have informed both the conceptualizations and the research approaches to investigations of loneliness. A focus on phenomenological and existential perspectives of loneliness can assist in an understanding of what is essentially a subjective distressing experience. The elderly, particularly those residing in nursing homes, are vulnerable to feelings of existential loneliness because following busy lives, often they are left without meaningful roles. Concomitant to this sense of loss of meaning is an alteration in the perception of lived time. It is the purpose of this paper to stimulate research into what is a common but profoundly distressing experience.
Reflective inquiry in nursing practice or 'revealing images'
Authors: Cash Penelope , Brooker Jenny , Penney Wendy , Reinbold Janet , Strangio Laurence 
Published: August 2007

Reflective inquiry in nursing practice or 'revealing images'Nurses live and work in complex practice worlds; worlds of shrinking resources and expanding needs. Reflection through journaling offers unique opportunities to gain insight into practice. What might we learn from one's journal? A reflective journal can be a source of interplay between the self as written and the self as other. Likewise, the journal may act to situate ourselves in practice, while at the same time enabling us to illuminate how and in what ways our understandings have become distorted. The extent to which one's journal is educative depends upon the manner in which one chooses to use it as a transformative tool, a tool that might well be described as a process of healing and enlightenment. In order to illustrate the reflexive nature of journaling, this paper is presented as a play reading, where a conversation about practice stories between the different aspects of the nurse's self is depicted. In adopting a play reading, an alternative pedagogical tool is used to illustrate different methodologies exemplifying the emergence of how and in what ways we develop and reconstruct our understanding in nursing.
A feminist model for women's health care
Authors: Andrist Linda 
Published: August 2007

A feminist model for women's health careA feminist model of practice is grounded in feminist theories that are applicable to the health and health care of women. The goal of this model is to change how health care is delivered to individual women, but also to seek social transformation. Four major themes recur in this model: symmetry in provider‐patient relationships, access to information, shared decisionmaking, and social change. This article describes ways in which clinicians can integrate these themes into practice. Suggestions for maintaining symmetry in the traditional power relationship include decreasing physical, social and personal barriers and attentive listening to patients' stories. Access to information involves creating an atmosphere that is conducive to teaching and learning, but also helping patients access other sources of information. Shared decision‐making is central to feminist practice and is attainable when patients have been empowered and are knowledgeable about their healthcare needs. Social change entails the ever vigilant clinician who is familiar with the latest literature, both professional and lay, in order to critically analyse research studies, our colleagues' interpretations of those studies and how recommendations for practice are reached. Collectively, clinicians work with the public to strive for change within the healthcare system and society as a whole.
Voiding patterns in men and women with lower urinary tract symptoms combined with nocturia
Authors: Paick Jae‐Seung , Kim Soo Woong , Oh Seung‐June , Ku Ja Hyeon 
Published: August 2007

Aim:  We evaluated differences between men and women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) combined with nocturia.Methods:  A total of 71 age‐matched female‐male pairs (median 58, range 20–81 years) who had moderate to severe LUTS and nocturia of more than once per night were enrolled in this study.Results:  In the younger group (<50 years), the International Prostate Symptom Score (I‐PSS) results of the sexes were not significantly different. However, although total I‐PSS results in the elderly group (≥50 years) were not significantly different, quality of life index scores for women were higher (P = 0.002). On frequency‐volume (FV) charts, mean total daytime voided volume (DVV) was significantly higher in younger men than in younger women (P = 0.017), but the mean nocturnal polyuria index (NPi) for women was higher than that for men (P = 0.047). However, maximum DVV (P = 0.009), mean DVV (P < 0.0001), total DVV (P < 0.0001), and mean nocturnal urine volume (P = 0.009) were significantly higher in elderly men than in elderly women. However, numbers of daytime voids were not different.Conclusion:  Elderly women with LUTS have lower functional bladder capacities than elderly men, as suggested by their smaller mean voided volumes. However, no significant differences were observed between numbers of daytime voids, which was probably due to the smaller total daytime voided volumes of elderly women. In addition, although NPi for younger women and nocturnal urine volume for elderly men was higher, no other differences were observed in terms of other night‐time parameters.
Evaluation of intravesical potassium sensitivity test and bladder biopsy in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Hassan Ayman A , Elgamal Samir A , Sabaa Magdy A , Salem Khalid 
Published: August 2007

Aim:  We evaluated the possibility that patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) might have similar histological and physiological bladder changes as that documented in patients with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC).Methods:  Thirty‐five known patients of CP/CPPS according to the clinical criteria of National Institutes of Health (NIH) were evaluated. The severity of the symptoms was evaluated according the NIH‐Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. All patients underwent a potassium sensitivity test (PST) and bladder cystoscopy. Bladder biopsy was obtained from 17 patients with prostatitis and four control patients.Results:  Urinary symptoms were present in 31 (88.6%) patients. Pelvic pain was reported in all patients. PST was positive in 26 (84%) of 31 patients that presented with urinary symptoms in its filling phase. In the voiding phase, 10 (28.5%) patients experienced urethral pain. Of these patients, five had negative filling PST. There were only two (5.7%) patients that had negative PST in both of its phases for an overall positive PST rate of 94.3%. The severity of PST was not correlated with the total symptom score (P = 0.37). However, patients with severe urinary symptoms were more likely to score higher grades with PST (P = 0.01). Of the 17 patients who underwent bladder biopsy, a significant increase in the number of mast cells (MC) was present in 11 (64.7%) patients. Glomerulations with bladder cystoscopy was observed in 24 (68.6%) patients.Conclusions:  The data of the present study support the opinion that PBS/IC is under‐diagnosed in male patients that present with urgency, frequency and/or pain. In some patients diagnosed as CP/CPPS, the symptoms might be related to bladder dysfunction rather than prostatic inflammation.
Paclitaxel Carboplatin chemotherapy as a second‐line chemotherapy for advanced platinum resistant urothelial cancer in Japanese cases
Authors: Soga Norihito , Onishi Takehisa , Arima Kiminobu , Sugimura Yoshiki 
Published: August 2007

Objective:  We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of Paclitaxel Carboplatin (Pca) therapy in patients with advanced urothelial cancer and platinum based chemotherapy failure.Patients and Methods:  From April 2001 to September 2005, 18 patients were enrolled in this trial. The patients received methotrexate, vinblastine and doxorubicin cisplatin (M‐VAC) therapy prior to Pca therapy. On day 1, Paclitaxel (175 mg/m2, body surface) was injected followed by Carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) (5) via an external venous line and treatment was repeated on a 21‐day cycle. Cases exhibiting either a response or stable disease were treated until progression of the disease was observed. All patients were examined to determine toxicity (National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria) and QOL (EORTC QOL‐C30). The survival curves were established using Kaplan‐Meier graphs.Results:  The median cycle of Pca therapy was 4 cycles (range, 1–9 cycles). The overall survival response was 33% with a partial response in six patients (0 with CR, 6 with PR), stable disease in eight patients (44%) and disease progression in four patients (22%). Grade 3–4 anemia was recognized in 5 (28%), neutropenia in 9 (50%) and thrombocytopenia in 3 (22%). The QOL questionnaire scales showed no significant changes induced by Pca therapy. The progression free survival rates were 33% at 6 months, 16% at 1 year and 5.2% at 2 years. Regarding overall survival period, the 6 month, 1‐year and 2‐year estimates were 78%, 50% and 22%, respectively.Conclusion:  Since the Pca therapy was well tolerated we consider that this treatment modality has the potential to prolong survival with a high quality of life when used as a second chemotherapy.
Clinicopathological review of 46 primary retroperitoneal tumors
Authors: Tambo Mitsuhiro , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Miyake Makito , Hoshiyama Fumiaki , Matsushita Chie , Hirao Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2007

Objectives:  To clarify the clinical factors including diagnostic imaging findings that may correlate with the histopathological malignancy in primary retroperitoneal tumors.Methods:  The clinical backgrounds and imaging findings of 22 benign and 24 malignant primary retroperitoneal tumors were retrospectively investigated, and the prognosis of patients with malignant retroperitoneal tumors was assessed.Results:  There were significant correlations between the presence of symptoms and malignancy (P < 0.01), as well as between the irregularity of tumor margins and malignancy (P < 0.01). On dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 90% of malignant tumors showed early enhancement either with quick or slow washout, while 75% of benign tumors showed delayed and no enhancement (P < 0.002). All malignant and benign paraganglioma showed the same early enhancement with quick washout. Malignant lymphoma showed various enhancement patterns. The 2‐year and 5‐year cause‐specific survival rates of the patients with malignant retroperitoneal tumors were 68.0% and 43.2%, respectively. All malignant lymphoma patients were mainly treated with chemotherapy after being diagnosed histologically. Malignant paraganglioma patients who could not meet complete resection needed chemotherapy for promising survival.Conclusion:  The symptoms, the irregularity of the margins, and the specific enhancement pattern on the dynamic MRI may be important predictive factors of the primary malignant retroperitoneal tumors. Histological diagnosis was needed for malignant definition of paraganglioma because both benign and malignant paraganglioma showed similar clinical and imaging findings. Preoperative biopsy should be considered for selection of the appropriate treatment particularly in patients that are likely to have malignant lymphoma that could not be diagnosed definitively by the clinical and imaging findings.
The transmitter release‐site CaV2.2 channel cluster is linked to an endocytosis coat protein complex
Authors: Khanna Rajesh , Li Qi , Schlichter Lyanne C. , Stanley Elise F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSynaptic vesicles (SVs) are triggered to fuse with the surface membrane at the presynaptic transmitter release site (TRSs) core by Ca2+ influx through nearby attached CaV2.2 channels [see accompanying paper: Khanna et al. (2007)Eur. J. Neurosci., 26, 547–559] and are then recovered by endocytosis. In this study we test the hypothesis that the TRS core is linked to an endocytosis‐related protein complex. This was tested by immunostaining analysis of the chick ciliary ganglion calyx presynaptic terminal and biochemical analysis of synaptosome lysate, using CaV2.2 as a marker for the TRS. We noted that CaV2.2 clusters abut heavy‐chain (H)‐clathrin patches at the transmitter release face. Quantitative coimmunostaining analysis (ICA/ICQ method) demonstrated a strong covariance of release‐face CaV2.2 staining with that for the AP180 and intersectin endocytosis adaptor proteins, and a moderate covariance with H‐ or light‐chain (L)‐clathrin and dynamin coat proteins, consistent with a multimolecular complex. This was supported by coprecipitation of these proteins with CaV2.2 from brain synaptosome lysate. Interestingly, the channel neither colocalized nor coprecipitated with the endocytosis cargo‐capturing adaptor AP2, even though this protein both colocalized and coprecipitated with H‐clathrin. Fractional recovery analysis of the immunoprecipitated CaV2.2 complex by exposure to high NaCl (∼1 m) indicated that AP180 and S‐intersectin adaptors are tightly bound to CaV2.2 while L‐intersectin, H‐ and L‐clathrin and dynamin form a less tightly linked subcomplex. Our results are consistent with two distinct clathrin endocytosis complexes: an AP2‐containing, remote, non‐TRS complex and a specialised, AP2‐lacking, TRS‐associated subcomplex linked via a molecular bridge. The most probable role of this subcomplex is to facilitate SV recovery after transmitter release.
The subthalamic region is activated during valence‐related emotional processing in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Brücke C. , Kupsch A. , Schneider G.‐H. , Hariz M.I. , Nuttin B. , Kopp U. , Kempf F. , Trottenberg T. , Doyle L. , Chen C. C. , Yarrow K. , Brown P. , Kühn A. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractVisual stimuli are judged for their emotional significance based on two fundamental dimensions, valence and arousal, and may lead to changes in neural and body functions like attention, affect, memory and heart rate. Alterations in behaviour and mood have been encountered in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing functional neurosurgery, suggesting that electrical high‐frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may interfere with emotional information processing. Here, we use the opportunity to directly record neuronal activity from the STN macroelectrodes in patients with PD during presentation of emotionally laden and neutral pictures taken from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) to further elucidate the role of the STN in emotional processing. We found a significant event‐related desynchronization of STN alpha activity with pleasant stimuli that correlated with the individual valence rating of the pictures. Our findings suggest involvement of the human STN in valence‐related emotional information processing that can potentially be altered during high‐frequency stimulation of the STN in PD leading to behavioural complications.
Augmentation of methamphetamine‐induced toxicity in the rat striatum by unpredictable stress: contribution of enhanced hyperthermia
Authors: Tata Despina A. , Raudensky Jamie , Yamamoto Bryan K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStress is known to enhance the abuse of various drugs. Although the effects of chronic stress and the neurotoxicity of methamphetamine (METH) are influenced, in part, by hyperthermia, the role of hyperthermia in the hypothesized stress‐induced enhancement of METH‐induced dopamine (DA) and serotonin depletions and decreases in vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT‐2) immunoreactivity is unknown. Rats were exposed to 10 days of unpredictable stress and then challenged with METH (7.5 mg/kg, i.p., once every 2 h × 4 injections). There were no differences in the extracellular DA concentrations of stressed and non‐stressed rats administered METH. Prior exposure to chronic unpredictable stress augmented the acute METH‐induced hyperthermia, the decreases in VMAT‐2 immunoreactivity, and the depletions of striatal DA and serotonin content. Prevention of enhanced hyperthermia through cooling of chronically stressed rats to levels exhibited by non‐stressed but METH‐exposed rats blocked the enhanced depletions. This study reports the novel finding that chronic stress enhances METH toxicity through enhanced hyperthermia and suggests that this effect may be mediated by early METH‐induced decreases in VMAT‐2 immunoreactivity.