bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐panel ambient light eliminating differential circuit applied to active pixel fingerprint sensor
Authors: Tai Ya‐Hsiang , Yuan Yi‐Cheng , Chen Chih‐Yang , Lee Te‐Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel approach to counter the influence of ambient light on photodetectors used in applications like biometric recognition and environmental sensing. The proposed solution introduces a circuit‐based technique that utilizes signal differencing to subtract ambient light signals before they reach the integrated circuit (IC). The process involves row and column differential signals, akin to analog circuit differential amplifiers. Simulations validate the circuit's functionality, showing its effectiveness in reducing ambient light impact. However, image reconstruction after differencing introduces blurriness due to the accumulation of noise. An alternative bidirectional fusion method is suggested, resulting in a clearer representation of features without noise accumulation. This innovative approach promises to enhance photodetector performance in challenging lighting conditions for various applications.
Comparison of Patient Characteristics and Olfactory Sensitivity for Trigger Odorants in Parosmia and Phantosmia
Authors: Sekine Rumi , Hernandez Anna Kristina , Overbeck Clara , Hofer Marlise K. , Mori Eri , Hähner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients with qualitative olfactory dysfunction (qualOD) and whether individuals with parosmia exhibit increased olfactory sensitivity to previously reported odorous triggers of parosmia.MethodsThis study included individuals aged ≥18 years, divided into quantitative OD only, parosmia, and phantosmia groups. Data collected included: clinical‐demographic data, “Sniffin’ Sticks” scores, questionnaires (depression scale, importance of olfaction), and information about parosmia and phantosmia. A proportion of patients underwent trigger odor threshold testing for 2‐Furfurylthiol [FFT] found in coffee and 2,6‐nonadienal [Nonadienal] found in cucumber.ResultsThose with parosmia were typically younger women, with shorter OD duration due to post‐viral OD (PVOD), hyposmic/normosmic, and experienced parosmia more severely. Parosmia was 3.5 times more likely in PVOD. Those with phantosmia were older, with longer OD duration due to idiopathic OD, hyposmic/anosmic, and experienced phantosmia less severely. There were no significant differences between FFT and Nonadienal threshold scores in patients with parosmia, phantosmia, or only quantitative OD, but all groups had significantly increased olfactory sensitivity for trigger odors compared to phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA).ConclusionParosmia and phantosmia patients have distinct characteristics. This may provide clinicians with a better understanding of possible olfactory outcomes in these patients. The higher olfactory sensitivity of all groups to trigger odors compared to PEA raises interesting points about parosmia triggers and odors in the context of warning for danger, in relation to the pathophysiology of parosmia that may be worth exploring in future studies.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3277–3285, 2024
Structural Features of the Porous Network of Poly(Urethane) Aerogels via Gas Permeability Measurements
Authors: Beyerlein Gerd‐Sebastian , Ratke Lorenz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe permeability for gases through polyurethane (PUR) aerogels prepared from unsorted PUR scraps by means of a recycling technique is measured with a dynamic pressure method. The permeabilities are in the range of 10−15 to 10−13 m2 and thus reflect the pore morphology observed with scanning electron microscopy. The permeability depends on the envelope density and microstructural features of the aerogels and decreases with increasing inner surface area. The comparison of the permeability with the Porod constant, which is obtained independently via small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), yields a high consistency with the expected theoretical relationship. However, a calculation of inner surface area based on permeability yields lower results than expected from data based on the established SAXS technique, revealing that the famous Carman–Kozeny law correlates only by trend, which is attributed to additional gas transport through the micro‐ and mesopores. A possible approach for the correlation of this behavior to the tortuosity is given. Several models accounting for the combined action of viscous flow, Knudsen diffusion, and molecular slip along pore walls are fitted to the experimental data, effectively qualifying the permeability measurement as time‐efficient and inexpensive technique for the characterization of structural features of aerogels.
The influence effect of regional carbon emission reduction under the perspective of fiscal decentralization: Government intervention or market mechanism?
Authors: Li Chuang , Li Keke , Wang Liping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBased on the perspective of fiscal decentralization, the study focuses on 30 provinces in China and employs various econometric models including the threshold model, spatial econometric model, mediation model, and regulation model. The research findings indicate that fiscal decentralization has a double‐threshold effect on government intervention, market mechanisms, and regional carbon emission reduction. Both government intervention and market mechanisms have inhibiting effects on carbon emission, with significant coefficients of GOVI and MARM at the 1% level. The cooperation between government intervention and the market mechanism effectively limits carbon emissions. Government intervention facilitates regional carbon emission reduction through the construction of new infrastructures and energy structure transformation, yielding a significant intermediary effect. The market mechanism is positively regulated through green finance and technology innovation to promote regional carbon emission reduction. Moreover, government intervention enables the market to achieve carbon emission reduction more effectively, especially in areas with a higher degree of government intervention. Continuous improvement and upgrading of regional and national carbon markets are essential to attain the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Furthermore, attracting more participants to these markets for emission control subjects is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of government–market coordination.
Identifying nutrition risk in emergency patients: What is the most appropriate screening tool?
Authors: dos Santos Johnny Galhano , Saueressig Camila , Wolf Renata , dos Santos Jéssica Correa , Silva Flávia Moraes , Franzosi Oellen Stuani , Alba Valesca Dall' 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe emergency department (ED) is the most frequent access route to the hospital. Nutrition risk (NR) screening allows the early identification of patients at risk of malnutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and predictive validity of five different tools in EDs: Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS‐2002), Nutritional Risk Emergency 2017 (NRE‐2017), Royal Free Hospital‐Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH‐NPT), Malnutrition Universal Screening (MUST), and Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST).MethodsPatients with scores ≥3 according to the NRS‐2002, ≥1.5 according to the NRE‐2017, and ≥2 according to the MUST, RFH‐NPT, or MST were classified with NR. Prolonged length of stay (LOS) and 1‐year mortality were evaluated.Results431 patients were evaluated (57.31 ± 15.6 years of age; 54.4% women) in a public hospital in southern Brazil. The prevalence of NR was: 35% according to the NRS‐2002, 43% according to the MST, 45% according to the NRE‐2017 and MUST, and 49% according to the RFH‐NPT. Patients with NR, had a greater risk of prolonged LOS (P < 0.001). The presence of NR was associated with an increased risk of 1‐year mortality according to the NRS‐2002 (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.04; 95% CI, 2.513–6.503), MST (HR: 2.60; 95% CI, 1.701–3.996), NRE‐2017 (HR: 4.82; 95% CI, 2.753–8.443), MUST (HR: 4.00; 95% CI, 2.385–6.710), and RFH‐NPT (HR: 5.43; 95% CI, 2.984–9.907).ConclusionsNRE‐2017 does not require objective data and presented predictive validity for all outcomes assessed, regardless of the severity of the disease, and thus appears to be the most appropriate tool for carrying out NR screening in the ED.
Noninvasive Bolus Transit Detection in Cervical Esophagus Utilizing Ultrasound Characteristics
Authors: Wilcox Andrew S. , Jackson William D. , Heller‐Stark Amanda C. , Lanza Elizabeth L. , Ellerston Julia K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis pilot study aims to identify characteristic A‐mode ultrasound features relevant to noninvasive detection of esophageal bolus transit in the proximal esophagus. Ultrasound signals at a lateral neck site were obtained via a single‐element ultrasonic transducer with synchronous videofluoroscopic swallowing studies images of swallows of differing viscosities in 21 adult dysphagia outpatients. Characteristic ultrasound features were extracted to differentiate a bolus‐filled from a collapsed esophagus. From 21 subjects, 412 swallows exhibited 4 reproducible waveform patterns associated with bolus transit as displayed in a heatmap: (1) Strong Reflectors; (2) Echo Shifts; (3) Distal Acoustic Enhancement; and (4) Speckling: One or more of these features were observed in the swallow series for all 21 subjects. Distinct acoustic waveform features acquired by single‐element ultrasonic transducers can identify bolus transit through the cervical esophagus.
Agroecosystem services: From general assessment to policy implications
Authors: Satama‐Bermeo Maritza , Rudolf Max , Olschewski Roland 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Agricultural ecosystems managed by farmers provide and receive multiple ecosystem services that are essential to sustain human well‐being. Understanding how agricultural production systems generate agroecosystem services is as important as gaining deeper insights into how farmers perceive and value them to ensure the adoption and implementation of sustainable agricultural practices.

We conducted a comprehensive review and in‐depth analysis of existing valuation studies on agroecosystem services to identify potential future research directions.

We found two broad research strands of articles: one focusing on ‘General assessment of agroecosystem services’ and the other on ‘Implications for policy making’.

The first strand focuses more on individual preferences and monetary values, which might limit a comprehensive assessment. The second strand emphasizes participatory and deliberative techniques to reflect the plurality of values and to provide empirical evidence for policymaking.

We recommend to move beyond monetary valuation techniques, and to develop methods that bridge the two strands as a promising avenue for future inter‐ and transdisciplinary research.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Comprehensive study of antimicrobial polycaprolactone/clay nanocomposite films: Preparation, characterization, properties and degradation in simulated body fluid
Authors: Holešová Sylva , Čech Barabaszová Karla , Hundáková Marianna , Kratošová Gabriela , Kaloč Václav , Joszko Kamil , Gzik‐Zroska Bożena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEven though the biodegradability of polycaprolactone (PCL) and its nanocomposites is lower compared to other biodegradable polyesters, this property and good biocompatibility are used for development of materials for drug delivery with a long‐term effect. We prepared novel PCL/clay nanocomposite films with antimicrobials chlorhexidine (CH) or octenidine (OCT) combined with ZnO anchored on vermiculite (VER). The intercalation of CH and OCT into the interlayer of VER/ZnOVER was confirmed by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The organically modified nanofillers compared to VER (−46.0 mV) or ZnOVER (−34.9 mV) showed a positive ζ‐potential (+30.7 mV (VER_CH), +21.9 mV (VER_OCT), +24.6 mV (ZnOVER_CH)) indicating a relatively stable materials, except ZnOVER_OCT (+8.6 mV), which strongly agglomerated.Thin PCL/clay films were prepared by solvent casting method and the effect of used nanofillers on structural, thermal, mechanical and antimicrobial properties followed by degradation under hydrolytic conditions was studied. The results showed that presence of ZnO significantly decreases thermal and mechanical stability. The nanofillers with the higher hydrophilic character are responsible for the fastest degradation of PCL matrix. Films possessed high antimicrobial efficiency in long time intervals, hence these nanocomposites open new avenues for the possible application of such materials for the drug delivery with a long‐term effect.Highlights
Antimicrobial active PCL/clay nanocomposites were prepared.
Nanofillers influenced the structure and properties of prepared thin PCL films.
ZnO caused lower thermal stability and worse mechanical properties of PCL films.
PCL/clay nanocomposite films degraded slowly by a hydrolytic mechanism.
High potential as medical materials with long‐lasting antimicrobial efficacy.
Self‐assembly imprinting fabrication of shell‐crosslinking fluorescent nanoparticles for the detection of sialic acid
Authors: Yan Liu , Liu Qin , Xu Lan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA new strategy for preparing sialic acid (SA)‐quenching fluorescent nanoparticles by macromolecular self‐assembly and molecular imprinting technique is suggested. An amphiphilic block copolymer polystyrene‐b‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PGMA) was designed and synthesized. After functionalization, PS‐b‐PGMA was co‐assembled with the template molecule SA to prepare SA‐imprinted fluorescent nanoparticles, named as nano‐FMIPs. In this process, the shell layers of nanoparticles were photo‐crosslinked upon 365 nm UV light to stabilize the recognition site. The size of the crosslinked shell was found to be increased to 420 ± 5 nm by TEM and DLS measurements. After extraction of SA, recognition cavities complementary in shape, size, and chemical function toward the template SA were left on the surface of nano‐FMIPs, which can selectively rebind the target SA in a mixture of structurally similar compounds. It is found that SA can significantly quench the fluorescence intensity of nano‐FMIPs linearly within a concentration range of 1 × 10−2 ~ 2 × 10−6 mol L−1 and a detection limit of 1.55 × 10−6 mol L−1. This strategy provides a new approach for preparing surface‐imprinted nano‐FMIPs for the quantitative detection of SA, and the nano‐FMIPs may have great potential for biomedical application.
p95HER2 expression in HER2‐positive breast cancer with primary resistance
Authors: Goh Chih Wan , Yang Benlong , Chi Yayun , Wu Jiong 
Published: April 2024

Abstractp95HER2 isoform is a truncated form of HER2 that retains the C terminal domain but lacks an N terminal trastuzumab binding site. From 2014 to 2016, we assessed the expression of p95HER2 expression in 59 HER2‐positive breast cancer patients from FUSCC. The median follow‐up was 54 months. In our study, 19 patients (32.2%) were p95HER2 positive. p95HER2‐positive expression rate is higher in premenopausal patients than in postmenopausal patients (68.4% vs. 31.6%, P = .026). p95HER2 positive was found more in premenopausal patients and was associated with worse DFS (hazard ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.06–4.61; P = .034), indicating that p95HER2 expression tends to be a more aggressive isoform type of HER2‐positive breast cancer.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Coston Duncan J , Clark Suzanne J , Breeze Tom D , Field Linda M , Potts Simon G , Cook Samantha M 
Published: April 2024

The cover image is based on the Research Article Quantifying the impact of Psylliodes chrysocephala injury on the productivity of oilseed rape by Duncan J Coston et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7860.image
The efficacy of curcumin in relieving osteoarthritis: A meta‐analysis of meta‐analyses
Authors: Bideshki Mohammad Vesal , Jourabchi‐Ghadim Neda , Radkhah Nima , Behzadi Mehrdad , Asemani Sanaz , Jamilian Parmida , Zarezadeh Meysam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases. Several meta‐analyses have shown that curcumin could improve the function of the knee and alleviate pain in OA, while some meta‐analyses demonstrate controversial results. Hence, we assessed curcumin's effects on knee OA in an umbrella meta‐analysis. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were employed to find English‐language meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of curcumin supplementation on OA outcomes up to September 2023. The visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain, function, and stiffness scales were analyzed. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were utilized to obtain the overall effect size. A random‐effects model was applied to perform the meta‐analysis. Heterogeneity was determined by I2 statistics and the Cochrane Q‐test. The pooled effect of the 11 included meta‐analyses showed that curcumin could significantly decrease the VAS score (weighted mean difference [WMD] and standardized mean difference [SMD]), WOMAC‐total (SMD and WMD), WOMAC‐Function (SMD and WMD), WOMAC‐Pain (SMD), and WOMAC‐Stiffness scores (SMD) (p ≤ 0.001, ≤0.001, ≤0.001, 0.007, ≤0.001, 0.002, ≤0.001, ≤0.001, respectively). The results strongly support curcuminoid supplementation in relieving pain, improving joint mobility and stiffness, and shortening medication usage of OA patients.
The influence of biopsy site and pregnancy on stable isotope ratios in humpback whale skin
Authors: Fraleigh Devin C. , Pallin Logan J. , Friedlaender Ari S. , Barlow Jay , Henry Annette E. , Waples Danielle M. , Oglesby Teris , Fleming Alyson H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRationaleStable isotope analysis (SIA) of free‐swimming mysticetes using biopsies is often limited in sample size and uses only one sample per individual, failing to capture both intra‐individual variability and the influence of demographic and physiological factors on isotope ratios.MethodsWe applied SIA of δ13C and δ15N to humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) biopsies taken during the foraging season along the western Antarctic Peninsula to quantify intra‐individual variation from repeatedly sampled individuals, as well as to determine the effect of biopsy collection site, sex, and pregnancy on isotope ratios.ResultsThere was substantial variability in δ13C from multiple biopsies taken from the same individuals, though δ15N was much more consistent. Side of the body (left versus right) and biopsy location (dorsal, anterior, ventral, and posterior) did marginally affect the isotopic composition of δ15N but not δ13C. Pregnancy had a significant effect on both δ13C and δ15N, where pregnant females were depleted in both when compared to non‐pregnant females and males.ConclusionsThese results indicate that isotopic signatures are influenced by multiple endogenous and exogenous factors and emphasize value in accounting for intra‐individual variability and pregnancy status within a sampled population. Placed within an ecological context, the endogenous variability in δ13C observed here may be informative for future isotopic analyses.
Event‐triggered cooperative robust output regulation of minimum‐phase linear uncertain multi‐agent systems
Authors: Wu Jieshuai , Lu Maobin , Deng Fang , Chen Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the event‐triggered cooperative robust output regulation problem of a class of minimum‐phase linear uncertain multi‐agent systems. In particular, we first propose a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism and an event‐triggered distributed output feedback control law. Then, by the internal model, the event‐triggered cooperative robust output regulation problem is converted into the event‐triggered cooperative robust stabilization problem of an augmented system composed of the distributed internal model and the original multi‐agent system. Next, we show that the event‐triggered cooperative robust stabilization problem can be solved by the proposed event‐triggered distributed output feedback control law together with a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism, and thus the event‐triggered cooperative robust output regulation problem is solved exactly in the sense that the tracking error of each subsystem converges to zero asymptotically while preventing the Zeno behavior from happening. Finally, we provide an example to illustrate the proposed control approach.
Event‐triggered adaptive estimated inverse neural network control of uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown hysteresis effects
Authors: Zhou Ning , Yao Jianyong , Deng Wenxiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article investigates an event‐triggered adaptive estimated inverse control scheme for uncertain nonlinear systems with hysteresis effects, parametric uncertainties, and unknown disturbances. An online estimated inverse hysteresis compensation mechanism is developed, in which an adaptive technique is designed to obtain the value of unknown hysteresis parameters. Compared with common approaches, its biggest advantage lies in the fact that it eliminates the need for experimental determination of hysteresis parameters, thereby reducing time‐consuming offline identification work and enhance the compatibility of the proposed method. Additionally, an adaptive radial basis functions neural network is applied to approximate the unknown disturbances, and its weight coefficients, along with unknown system parameters, are estimated by means of the adaptive method. Furthermore, the introduction of relative threshold event‐triggered control significantly reduces communication costs resulting from the hysteresis compensation. Through Lyapunov analysis, the proposed controller guarantees all signals are bounded and the errors are convergent. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the developed controller.
Flexible PVA/Mn Ferrite/(MoS2)x Nanocomposites With Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance for Light Dependent Resistances
Authors: Gholipur Reza , Tofangchi Kamran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe presence of electromagnetic pollution not only poses a threat to human health but also disrupts the proper functioning of large‐scale machinery. In light of this, a novel method involving sol–gel techniques was utilized to synthesize PVA/Mn Ferrite/(MoS2)x nanocomposites, which exhibit remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption properties. By intelligently combining MoS2 with PVA/Mn Ferrite, the composite's electromagnetic parameters were optimized, leading to enhanced impedance matching. As a result, the PVA/Mn Ferrite/(MoS2)x nanocomposites showcased an exceptional minimum reflection loss of −15.971 dB at a thickness of 1 mm. The remarkable capability of absorbing substances can primarily be attributed to the outstanding synergistic interaction between PVA/Mn Ferrite and MoS2. Additionally, MoS2 also plays a significant role in generating dielectric loss and achieving ideal impedance matching. As a result, the potential applications of PVA/Mn Ferrite/(MoS2)x nanocomposites extend to serving as both absorption materials and light dependent resistance (LDR) sensors. These nanocomposites exhibit not only high efficiency but also possess the added advantages of flexibility and lightweight properties, further enhancing their desirability.