bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fine surface structure and composition of salivary calculi
Authors: Hiraide Fumihisa , Nomura Yasuya 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSalivary calculi were formed by a laminated mixture of inorganic and organic substances. However, there was no regular pattern for the growth of stones, as laminal thickness and the arrangement of the laminal component were not uniform. Finger‐like radial projections, longitudinal pavements or amorphous structures were seen on the fractured surface of the calculi. No inert foreign body or microorganism was found in the calculi. There were two modes of formation in calculous nucleus, one developed by maturation of a primitive core, the other formed in homogenous mineral mass. X‐ray microanalysis proved that most salivary calculi contained chemical elements such as calcium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, sulfur, manganese, chromium and aluminum. As far as we have examined, these elements were distributed with almost equal density throughout the calculus.
Atypical mycobacterial cervical adenitis: Clinical presentation
Authors: Thompson James N. , Watanabe Michael J. , Greene Gerald R. , Morozumi Pius A. , Kohut Robert I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA typical mycobacterial cervical adenitis (AMCA) is a disease primarily of childhood and usually presents as a unilateral mass or draining sinus. The pathogens are mycobacteria which are distinct from Mycobacteria tuberculosis, leprae and bovis (the typical mycobacteria).The atypical mycobacteria are readily recovered from the environment and are generally of low virulence. They are increasingly being recognized as pathogens for man though they are probably not transmissible from human contact. Most commonly these organisms are implicated in either pulmonary disease or lymphadenopathy.Fourteen cases of AMCA occurring in childhood are presented. A review of the bacteriology of the atypical mycobacteria is included. The clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, chemotherapeutic management and role of surgical intervention are discussed.
Laryngeal rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bridger Michael W. M. , Jahn Anthony F. , Van Nostrand A. W. Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe classic sequence of pathologic changes associated with rheumatoid arthritis as they affect the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints of five larynges is described.Although several previous reports have drawn attention to the presence of rheumatoid arthritis in the larynx, the current study emphasizes that the small joints of the larynx may be involved by the full spectrum of pathologic changes and that both cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints are equally prone to the various stages of inflammation, joint destruction and ankylosis that characterize the disease elsewhere. Rheumatoid nodules were seen in two cases and granulomatous areas surrounding cricothyroid joints were noted in two others.
Perforation of the nasal septum in patients with renal failure
Authors: Adler Detlev , Ritz Eberhard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSpontaneous perforation of the nasal septum was observed in 8 out of 104 patients (74 on maintenance hemodialysis; 30 after cadaveric renal transplantation). All patients showed a round or oval defect of the non‐osseous septum, which was accompanied by marked atrophic rhinitis. Epistaxis was common in uremic patients in general and was also present in 5 patients with septal perforation, but otherwise the defect was hardly associated with any symptoms. Various factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of this lesion; local trauma from nasal catheters postoperatively; impaired mucosa cell proliferation; disturbed innervation of the vessels in the nasal septum due to polyneuropathy of the autonomous nervous system; ischemia secondary to arteriolar narrowing.
The round window membrane following application of staphylococcal exotoxin: An electron microscopic study
Authors: Schachern Patricia A. , Paparella Michael M. , Goycoolea Marcos , Goldberg Burt , Schlievert Patrick 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe round window membrane has been considered as a pathway for the passage of toxic substances from the middle ear cavity to the vestibular labyrinth in cases of otitis media. To determine the role of the round window membrane in this passage, chinchillas were given intrabullar inoculations with staphylococcal exotoxin and the round window membranes were examined electron microscopically. We observed cytoplasmic vacuolization, intercellular edema, cellular and nuclear swelling of the surface epithelia and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration of the fibrous layer. Light microscopic observation of the labyrinth revealed PMN infiltration of the most basal portion of the scala tympani. These findings demonstrate a chemotactic effect of the toxin for PMNs and support the concept of the round window membrane as an important avenue of entry.
A study of the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery on auditory function
Authors: Shapiro Myron J. , Purn Janet M. , Raskin Cindy 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass surgery is commonplace in many medical centers and rare instances of unilateral hearing loss in these patients have been reported and have been attributed to embolism. Two more patients are reported and their discovery prompted a study of pre and postoperative hearing in 68 patients at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, where a single team performs the cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Previous similar studies showed no changes following CPB surgery. Almost all patients have been male and prolonged pump times (over 150 min.) were noted in 7 of 11 reports.Based on changes in hearing found on pre and postoperative testing in the 6 patients, 3 groups were developed: those with no change and those with slight changes were compared with those having average deficits of more than 10 db. Prolonged pump times occurred only twice in the series and were not associated with loss. A second milder form of hearing loss, which was bilateral and affected the high tones, was noted in significant numbers. Two of these patients had persistent tinnitus after surgery. Although the series is small, there appears to be an increased susceptibility in males to the development of high tone loss as well.Based on the preponderance of males, with their high incidence of basilar artery atherosclerosis, and the frequent prolonged pump times, perfusion failure seems to be the most likely etiology for the rare cases of hearing loss accompanying cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
Laryngeal lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Jackson B. Stanley , Rosenthall Leonard , Attia Elhamy 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA method of studying lymphatic drainage of the larynx was undertaken using radioactive colloids. Sites of injection were the true and false cords, aryepiglottic folds, anterior and posterior commissure, epiglottis and arytenoid. The patient was then scanned with the gamma camera 3 to 5 hours and again 24 hours post injection. Thirty‐six patients were injected and results were recorded as to previous X‐ray therapy, nodal activity post scanning, ipsilateral or contralateral and distant spread, and the type of radioactive particle —99mTc labeled sulfur collond, 99mTc microalbumin (200‐800 nm diameter), and 99mTc mini‐microalbumin (less than 50 nm diameter).The three radiopharmaceuticals gave similar results. Previous X‐ray therapy did not alter lymphatic drainage. Of 36 patients, 23 showed nodal activity on scintiscanning: none showed any axillary nor mediastinal activity.
Use of the williams microclip in various aspects of tympanoplastic surgery
Authors: Weider Dudley J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe microclip was invented by J. David Williams, M.D. in 1971 in an attempt to devise a technique to reliably secure a medially placed fascia graft to a tympanic membrane remnant. This method immediately improved the graft take rate to better than 90% in the Alaska native population with whom he was working. Included in this 90% and above category were many ears that demonstrated some degree of mucosal edema, granulation tissue, or mucopurulent discharge — referred to in this paper as the “wet ear.”Anatomic and audiologic results of 286 consecutive otologic procedures requiring a tympanic membrane graft will be presented in which the Williams microclip has been employed to secure a medially placed graft. Attention will be devoted to both success and failure of the methods employed. Special attention will be given to the description of surgically challenging situations in tympanoplasty surgery such as “the narrow to nonexistent remnant segment” where the microclip demonstrates its exceptional usefulness.Last, additional uses of the microclip (other than in tympanic membrane grafting) will be discussed including its application in a new technique of ossicular chain reconstruction. Case reports and statistical data will augment material presented.
Clinical aspects of osseous hemangiomas of the skull base
Authors: Glasscock Michael E. , Smith Peter G. , Schwaber Mitchell K. , Nissen Alan J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOsseous hemangiomas are distinctly unusual tumors of the skull base. They clinically mimic other, more common lesions in this region, and their diagnosis is rarely made preoperatively with currently available techniques.Three cases of osseous hemangiomata, 2 involving the geniculate region and 1 arising from the jugular bulb, are described in relation to the perioperative assessment and management of these lesions. A review of 21 previously reported skull base hemangiomas is included.
Diagnostic accuracy of rotation testing vs. standard vestibular test battery — A long‐term study
Authors: Leliever William C. , Calhoun Karen H. , Correia Manning J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInterpretation of vestibular test results derived from rotational and other electronystagmography studies often give confusing diagnostic and progonstic information. We have reviewed 90 consecutive patients seen in the Vestibular Clinic at the University of Texas Medical Branch comparing the accuracy of the damped torsion swing test (DTS) with a conventional vestibular test battery (VTB) to predict vestibular function abnormality (peripheral or central). These predictions were compared with vestibular diagnoses obtained by long‐term follow‐up (24‐36 months). VTB and DTS results were evaluated in a double‐blind study by two of the authors (W.C.L. and M.J.C.). Agreement of both VTB and DTS interpretation was uncommon (23/77) (30%); however, when present, it resulted in a 91% accuracy in predicting correct final diagnosis. Where VTB and DTS diagnoses differed, the DTS was more accurate in determining final vestibular system abnormality. In fact, while DTS testing correctly detected abnormality in 17 patients, the VTB was normal in 11. Rotation testing alone may provide a useful and accurate screening test prior to initiating further vestibular testing, particularly when central pathology is suspected.
Changing concepts in the management of otitic intracranial infection: Use of computerized axial tomography in early detection and monitoring of cerebritis
Authors: Freeman Joseph 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe pathogenesis and course of intracranial inflammatory disorders of otitic origin have been studied extensively in the past by clinical, surgical, and morbid means. The recent contribution by CT scanning cannot be overestimated as a modality for identification of the pathologic process. Its use for early detection and monitoring of a clinically suspected intracranial complication of otitic suppurative disease is documented for the first time in this report. Cerebritis or encephalitis as the early manifestation of impending brain dissolution can be identified and followed during specific antibiotic therapy. The proper timing for surgery to remove the otitic focus is enhanced. A review of the literature and a case report illustrate this contribution.
Partial vs. total footplate removal in stapedectomy: A comparative study
Authors: Moon Cary N. , Hahn Milege J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA comparative study of the postoperative stapedectomy results for 264 ears with partial footplate removal (PFR) and for 106 ears with total footplate removal (TFR) was performed with reference to decibel gain in three specific frequency ranges, air‐bone gap closure, speech threshold and speech discrimination and incidence of postoperative complications. The data confirm a small but consistently greater decibel gain for PFR cases in the 2000‐8000 Hz range; the decibel gain in the 250‐1000 Hz range is virtually identical for PFR and TFR cases. Air‐bone gap closure and speech results also indicate a somewhat better average result in PFR as compared TFR cases. The permanency of speech discrimination results is examined.
Type I tympanoplasty: Influencing factors
Authors: Adkins Warren Y. , White Benjamin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractType I tympanoplasties utilizing an underlay technique with temporalis fascia performed at the Medical University associated hospitals over a 5‐year period were reviewed. Cases were excluded if follow‐up was less than 18 months or if a previous tympanoplasty had been performed. The remaining 71 cases, 40 adults and 25 children, were analyzed for influencing factors. The overall success rate was 89%. The age of the patient, the length of time the ear had been dry, and the presence of infection at the time of surgery had no in fluence on the success rate. The two factors which adversely influenced the success rate were the presence of a near total or total perforation and the presence of bilateral perforations.
Facial nerve neurinoma: Two cases located in the horizontal portion
Authors: Iwanaga Michitaka , Yamamoto Etsuo , Yamauchi Morio , Fukumoto Manabu , Uchino Ryojin , Sawada Shinji 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo small facial neurinomas located in the horizontal portion were presented to demonstrate the clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and surgical treatment. These two cases show the early state of facial neurinoma and suggest the mechanism of facial paralysis by facial neurinoma. Facial nerve decompression is recommended for Bell's palsy unresponsive to the conservative therapy and recurrent facial palsy.
Functional neck dissection: An evaluation and review of 843 cases
Authors: Bocca E. , Pignataro O. , Oldini C. , Cappa C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAfter briefly reviewing the principles, indications, and merits of functional neck dissection, the results of 1200 neck dissections performed on 843 patients in the period 1961‐1979 are presented. They compare very favorably with those reported for classic (radical) neck dissection by other leading authors; however, a retrospective analysis of data derived from material of different origin is hardly possible and has a disputable value. Therefore, we decided to compare our data on functional neck dissections (FND) with those of classic neck dissections (CND) performed by the same surgical team at the same clinic in the period 1948‐1960.The clinical material was largely the same in both cases, and the data were collected and analyzed using the same criteria. In both series, neck dissections were divided into elective and curative. It could be demonstrated that the number of neck recurrences observed in the dissected necks is the same for FND and CND in curative dissections, while it is considerably lower for FND in elective neck dissections. This of course does not prove improved radicality in FND, but only proves that a systematic bilateral elective neck dissection in No cases affords improved cancerological safety.This radical bilateral approach to regional lymph nodes is made possible routinely by FND which avoids the problems of unnecessary mutilation.The figures produced speak in favor of a wider adoption of FND especially for expanding the indications to elective treatment of regional lymph nodes in cancer of the head and neck. Elective neck dissection is made practically harmless by this newer technique and averts the dreadful appearance of late metastases in No cases.
Surgical repair of extratemporal facial nerve: A comparison of suture repair and microfibrillar collagen repair
Authors: Parker Gregg , White Thomas , Jenkins Rosemary 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe extratemporal portion of the facial nerve is often severed by various forms of surgical and non‐surgical trauma. A commonly accepted method of repair is with monofilament nylon suture, using microsurgical techniques to approximate the epineurium. A study was designed to compare the clinical and histologic success of repair using microfibrillar collagen hemostat (Avitener̀) with that of suture repair of the epineurium. Although the success rates of these two methods of repair of peripheral facial nerves in rabbits appear to be functionally equivalent, the histologic results show the suture repair to be superior.
A simple operation for bilateral vocal cord paralysis
Authors: Ejnell Hasse , Mansson Ingemar , Bake Bjourn , Hallén Olle , Stenborg Rune , Lindstroum Jourgen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo reduce the laryngeal obstruction in bilateral vocal cord paralysis, a new method of laterofixation was developed. The method is technically simple and less traumatic than previously published methods. No peroperative tracheostomy is needed. During surgery two needles are inserted through the thyroid cartilage. A nylon thread is passed through the needles and the needles are then withdrawn. The thread thus forms a permanent loop around the vocal cord. The effects of the laterofixation on breathing and on the voice are documented by assessment of upper airway resistance and by two listening panels respectively. Thirteen patients have been operated upon so far. In most cases the breathing was improved and the influence on the voice was moderate and adjustable. If needed the possibility to perform a more extensive surgical procedure still remains. We suggest our method of laterofixation to be the first treatment of choice in patients suffering from bilateral vocal cord paralysis.
Superior based trapezius flap
Authors: Donald Paul J. , Chole Richard A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe most revolutionary innovation in reconstructive surgery of the past decade is the development of the musculocutaneous flaps. These flaps permit the reconstruction of large head and neck defects in one stage. They carry on excellent reliable blood supply and the inclusion of the underlying muscle adds sorely needed bulk to the resected area. The trapezius musculocutaneous flap is one of the most versatile. Its color and texture match for facial reconstruction is excellent. Moreover, the pliability of the cutaneous component lends itself well to lining the oral cavity ond the oropharynx.The trapezius musculocutaneous flap is an outstanding advance in head and neck reconstructive surgery. The discovery that it can be successfully pedicled superiorly greatly enhances its versatility.
Bacterial tracheitis ‐ two‐year experience
Authors: Jorgensen Keith , Friedman Ellen M. , Healy Gerald B. , Mcgill Trevor J. I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInflammatory illnesses of the pediatric airway cause significant morbidity and mortality. Bacterial tracheitis is a distinct entity with features common to both croup and epiglottitis. Ten patients between the ages of 3 months and 12 years were treated at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA., for bacterial tracheitis. The clinical presentation and medical management is discussed. Seven of the patients required both direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy; one patient required urgent intubation; and one patient required indirect laryngoscopy. In one patient the diagnosis was based on clinical and radiographic findings in conjunction with tracheal aspirates. Seven of the 10 patients did well with aggressive medical management. Three patients required endotracheal intubation. No patient required tracheotomy, and there were no cardiopulmonary arrests. It is of particular interest that although the patients in this series presented in a manner similar to that of patients in other published series, the management is significantly different and the overall outcome is significantly better.
An in vivo model for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Baker Shan R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn recent years, the successful grafting of human tumors into immune deprived animals has spurred the hopes of developing a reliable in vivo model for evaluation of human cancer. The nude mouse has created new perspectives in many different areas of cancer research, and has proved to be the most useful recipient of any animal system for tumor heterotransplantation. This study determined which of several squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines would reproducibly grow as heterotransplants in nude mice, and allowed an opportunity to determine whether characteristics of the tumor changed as a result of propagation in tissue culture.Sixteen (76%) of the 21 SCC lines heterotransplated in nude mice remained as viable tumor nodules. Nine (43%) of these lines reproducibly produced progressively enlarging tumor masses. Five (24%) SCC lines failed to grow as heterotransplants. The average lag phase between implantation and the beginning of growth for all SCC lines tested was approximately 7 weeks and emphasizes the need for prolonged observation of nude mice following SCC heterotransplantation. The rate and pattern of growth of SCC in nude mice appears to be related specifically to the tumorogenic factors of a given cell line. The concurrent presence of other SCC or non‐SCC tumors in a given mouse do not appear to influence the growth of a specific cell line. In addition, specific host factors that might vary from one mouse to another did not alter the growth patterns of SCC. Histological examination of the SCC lines successfully heterotransplanted in nude mice showed similar histological appearances to the original tumor in the human host.
Uterine carcinoma metastatic to the larynx
Authors: Messmer James M. , Ritchie William W. , Whitley Donald P. , Gopelrud Dean R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInvolvement of the larynx with metastatic disease is a rare occurrence. Batson's plexus was first proposed to explain metastatic disease to the head and neck from distant primaries, but more recent studies suggest that tumor cells in the thoracic duct may spread to the cervical region by way of retrograde flow through afferent cervical lymphatic vessels.
Surgery of the incompetent nasal valve
Authors: Goode Richard L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne of the causes of nasal airway obstruction during inspiration is an incompetent nasal valve. An incompetent valve is one that collapses during quiet normal breathing due to narrowing of the valve area, a loss of upper and/or lower lateral cartilage support, or a combination of these. The most common etiology is a previous rhinoplasty; trauma and aging are other causes. Treatment is surgical and consists of replacing what is missing with similar tissue. If only the vestibular skin is scarred, a skin graft is used. If cartilage alone is missing, a cartilage graft is inserted. If both skin and cartilage are absent, a composite graft from the concha is the best choice.