bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) for NEXT/First Year MBBS Examinations
Authors: Kumar Dr. A. Prasanna Veera 
Published: March 2024

This book consists of about 750 multiple choice questions. The MCQs are framed in more than one type, this is to reduce monotony for the students who are preparing for NExT/MBBS First year professional examinations.
The book includes all the core knowledge (Must Know for Medical Graduate) and also non-core (good to know/desirable to know). The MCQs are framed in such a way to elicit rote memory as well as analytical ability.
The MCQ's include all domains of learning such as Knowledge, Skill, Attitude and Communication. After preparing from the given MCQ's, the students will be able to explain 'knows how' and ability to demonstrate 'Shows how'?
MCQs cover the regions - Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, Back, Head and neck, Upper limb and Lower limb. The topics of the MCQs range from Gross anatomy and its embryology, histology as well as surgical, clinical and applied aspects of Anatomy.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM MEMBENTUK KEPRIBADIAN HOLISTIK MATA PELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Anwidrus Zalfa Tsabitha , Mubaraq Zulfi 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of character education into holistic personality in Class VIII social studies subjects at SMPIT Insan Kamil Sidoarojo. The research wanted to know several things, namely the process of implementing character education in shaping the personality of social studies, and how the results of the implementation of character education in shaping the holistic personality of social studies subjects at SMPIT Insan Kamil Sidoarjo. This research uses research with a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Data collection techniques use three types, namely interviews, documentation, and observation. The informants in this study were school principals, LDKS activity coaches, and social studies teachers. The data analysis process used is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The result of this study is to use character education-based activities in shaping the holistic personality of students, namely LDKS, by carrying out this LDKS activity can shape and strengthen positive traits and characters. LDKS activities synergize with social studies subjects in creating leadership, strong solidarity values, and independence values. These values can be formed and implemented, because it takes a high value of cohesiveness to solve challenges and obstacles that occur when LDKS activities, students are required or trained to be independent because it will be useful in living in the community.
ABSTRAK
Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk dari implementasi pendidikan karakter ke dalam kepribadian holistik mata pelajaran IPS Kelas VIII Di SMPIT Insan Kamil Sidoarojo. Penelitian ingin mengetahui beberapa hal yakni proses pelaksanaaan pendidikan karakter dalam membentuk kepribadian siswa mata pelajaran IPS, dan bagaimana hasil pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter dalam membentuk kepribadian holstik mata pelajaran IPS Di SMPIT Insan Kamil Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga jenis yaitu wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, para pembina kegiatan LDKS, serta guru IPS. Proses analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan kegiatan berbasis pendidikan karakter dalam membentuk kepribadian holistik siswa yaitu LDKS, dengan dilakukan kegiatan LDKS ini bisa membentuk dan memperkuat sifat dan karakter positif. Kegiatan LDKS bersinergi dengan Mata Pelajaran IPS dalam menciptakan nilai kepemimpinan, nilai solidaritas yang kuat, dan nilai kemandirian. Nilai-nilai tersebut dapat terbentuk dan terlaksana, karena dibutuhkan nilai kekompakkan yang tinggi untuk menyelesaikan tantangan dan rintangan yang terjadi ketika kegiatan LDKS, siswa diharuskan atau dilatih untuk mandiri karena akan bermanfaat dalam berkehidupan di masyarakat.
UPAYA GURU IPS DALAM MENGATASI KESULITAN BELAJAR SISWA DI MTs FATHUL ULUM POTERAN SUMENEP
Authors: Shodiqy Ahmad 
Published: March 2024

Learning difficulties is a problem that deserves attention because this is the key to how far the results of learning are. the teacher as the most important indicator must play an active role in overcoming student learning difficulties. So that the learning objectives that have been determined previously can be achieved as much as possible. There are 2 focus problems in this research. First, what are the factors that cause student learning difficulties. Second, how are the teacher's efforts in overcoming student learning difficulties at MTs Fathul Ulum Poteran Talango Sumenep. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. In obtaining data, researchers used several procedures, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate (1) the factors that influence student learning difficulties, these factors include (a) student internal factors which consist of student learning difficulties due to lack of student interest in learning, low student learning motivation and difficulties in understanding the material presented by the teacher. (b) student external factors, namely environmental factors including family environment, village/community environment and school environment, inadequate textbooks, class environment that is not conducive. (2) The teacher's efforts in overcoming student learning difficulties, namely: (a) Classroom Management (b) Use of Learning Methods and Media (c) Assessment of Student Learning Outcomes (d) Remedial and Enrichment Programs.
ABSTRAK
Kesulitan belajar merupakan suatu masalah yang patut diperhatikan karena hal ini menjadi kunci seberapa jauh hasil dari pembelajaran. Guru sebagai indikator yang paling utama harus berperan aktif dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa. upaya tujuan dari pembelajaran yang sudah ditentukan sebelumnya dapat tercapai semaksimal mungkin. Terdapat 2 fokus permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, apa faktor-faktor penyebab kesulitan belajar siswa. Kedua bagaimana upaya guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa di MTs Fathul Ulum Poteran Talango Sumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Dalam mendapatkan data peneliti menggunakan beberapa prosedur yakni observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesulitan belajar siswa, faktor tersebut meliputi (a) faktor internal siswa yakni terdiri dari kesulitan belajar siswa dikarenakan kurangnya minat belajar siswa, motivasi belajar siswa rendah dan kesulitan dalam memahami materi yang disampaikan oleh guru. (b) faktor eksternal siswa yakni faktor lingkungan meliputi lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan perkampungan/masyarakat dan lingkungan sekolah, buku pelajaran yang kurang memadai, lingkungan kelas yang tidak kondusif. (2) Upaya guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan belajar siswa, yaitu: (a) Pengelolaan Kelas (b) Penggunaan Metode dan Media Pembelajaran (c) Penilaian Hasil Belajar Siswa (d) Program Remedial dan Pengayaan.
The Effect Dose and Soaking Time of Camellia sinensis Solution to the Egg Adhesion and Hatching of Pangasionodon hypophthalmus
Authors: Baihaki Aldi , Nur Asiah  , Nuraini Nuraini 
Published: March 2024

Cultivation of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is growing rapidly, but there was a problem with the egg’s adhesiveness. Overcome this problem given a tea solution that serves as a remove of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus egg adhesion. This study conducted on June 2022 at Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, University of Riau. The purpose of this study was determining the effect of immersion eggs with different doses and immersion duration of the black tea (Camellia sinensis) solution on adhesion of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus eggs. This study used a Completely Randomized Design Factorial with 2 factors. The first factor was the dose (g/L) of the black tea with 4 levels; 0 (D0), 8 (D8), 10 (D10), and 12 (D12). The second factor was the immersion duration (minutes) with three levels of 3 (W3), 4 (W4), and 5 (W5). Pangasianodon hypophthalmus larvae reared for 7 days. Parameters measured were egg adhesion, fertilization rate, hatching rate, survival rate, and water quality. The result showed that the doses of C. sinensis solution had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the degree of fertilization and hatching of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus eggs. The optimum treatment with a dose of 10 g/L and 4 minutes (D10W4) give increased eggs adhesion 5.99%, fertilization rate 94.13%, hatching rate 92.88%, and survival rate 96.99%. The water quality during the study were temperature 26.7-27.9OC, pH of larvae maintenance water 6.5-7.1 and DO 4.0-5.2 mg/L. There is an interaction between dose and immersion duration of C. sinensis solution to the egg adhesion and hatching eggs of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.
REPRESENTASI GIRL POWER PADA LAGU “TALLY” OLEH BLACKPINK
Authors: Fatonah Astri Amaliah , Handayani Wiwik Retno 
Published: March 2024

A patriarchal culture dominated the representation of social reality, resulting in women's victimization. However, now the media is highlighting women in terms of educational achievements, so the existence of independent women is increasing. This research aims to discuss the representation of Girl Power shown in the video clip and lyrics of the song "Tally" by Blackpink. The research is based on qualitative methods with John Fiske's theoretical concepts of semiotics and Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis. The study results show that the video clip and lyrics of the song "Tally" by Blackpink represent Girl Power. The women depicted by Blackpink are strong. The ideology displayed stands out and is by the spirit of postfeminism that women's bodies cannot be used as objects and cannot be owned by men. Women's bodies and feelings can only be controlled by women without men's interference.
Kreasi Serat Jute Pada Bingkai Cermin Hias Berkonsepkan Eco Friendly Craft
Authors: Farida Siti , Mudjiati  
Published: March 2024

Serat alam merupakan komoditas yang sangat prospektif dikembangkan. Salah satunya serat jute (Corchorus capsularis), serat alam yang berasal dari tanaman jute yang berasal dari bagian batang tanaman. Pohon jute merupakan tanaman tahunan yang tumbuh baik di tanah alluvial, yaitu tanah kering sedikit berpasir pada iklim tropis yang lembab, salah satunya Indonesia. Kebanyakan pemanfaatan serat jute di Indonesia hanya sebatas sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan karung dan pelapis permadani. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan insight penciptaan kreatif yang berpotensi dikembangkan serta memanfaatkan serat jute sebagai material utama dalam penciptaan karya seni rupa berupa produk cermin hias dengan mengambil struktur motif dan adaptasih teknik makramé. Metode penelitian dengan konsep pratice-based research sebagai penelitian yang dimulai dari riset terkait studi pendahuluan objek dan melakukan praktik, mencatat dan mengumpulkan data-data yang dianggap penting dalam proses penciptaan. Melalui eksplorasi, riset dan praktik, serat jute dapat menghasilkan produk berupa cermin hias dengan pengaplikasian teknik makrame dan memanfaatkan zat pewarna alam.
Graft Resorption After Posterior Distal Tibial Allograft Augmentation for Posterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Luzzi Andrew , Boddapati Venkat , Rogalski Brandon L. , Knudsen Michael L. , Levine William N. , Jobin Charles M. 
Published: March 2024

Case:
A 19-year-old man underwent arthroscopic posterior glenoid reconstruction with a distal tibia allograft (DTA) after failing 2 posterior, soft-tissue instability surgeries. Although he experienced near-complete resolution of symptoms and return to sport, graft resorption was noted 7 months postoperatively. The patient underwent revision surgery for screw removal.

Conclusion:
Graft resorption has not previously been reported in the setting of arthroscopic DTA use for posterior instability. It is believed that stress shielding contributed to resorption. In such situations, screw removal may be warranted. Consideration of alternative fixation techniques and additional investigation into the causes, clinical significance, and optimal management of posterior DTA resorption are warranted.
The effect of virtual reality in dentistry: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Motahari-Nezhad Hossein , Sadeghdaghighi Aslan , Ashourioun Amir-Hossein 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol outlines an investigation into the effects of Virtual Reality (VR) in dentistry. As a growing technological tool, VR offers immersive environments for patient education, anxiety and pain management, and professional skill enhancement in dental practice. Despite its growing use, empirical evidence on VR's efficacy remains fragmented and inconclusive. This review aims to consolidate current research, providing a comprehensive assessment of VR's impact across all health outcomes in dental care.
Adhering to the PRISMA-P guidelines, the study will include English-language, two-arm randomized controlled trials, comparing VR interventions with non-VR controls. The review will consider all dental patients, regardless of demographics, and will encompass various dental treatment settings. A search strategy employing two databases including PubMed and the Cochrane Library will identify relevant studies, followed by a systematic screening and data extraction process conducted by independent reviewers. The review will conduct a risk of bias assessment and employ a random effects meta-analysis for evidence synthesis. A subgroup analysis and meta-regression will explore factors affecting VR's effectiveness. Publication bias will be assessed using Trim and Fill, Begg and Egger methods, and the GRADE tool will evaluate the quality of evidence.
The review anticipates offering insights into the role of VR in enhancing patient-centered care. By synthesizing scattered evidence, it aims to identify specific health outcomes significantly impacted by VR applications. The findings are expected to guide future research and clinical practices, enhancing patient care in dentistry.
Fusion of Probabilistic Projections of Sea-Level Rise
Authors: Grandey Benjamin S. , Dauwels Justin , Koh Zhi Yang , Horton Benjamin P. , Chew Lock Yue 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Alternative projections of sea-level rise from ice sheet mass loss differ markedly. The differences drive ambiguity in probabilistic projections of sea level. Can the alternative projections be combined to produce a single probabilistic projection that quantifies a best estimate of the scientific uncertainty? To produce this best estimate, we propose a fusion of alternative projections. The fusion combines the complementary strengths of the ‘medium confidence’ and the ‘low confidence’ projections. Two assumptions undergird the fusion. First, we assume that the ‘medium confidence’ projections reliably sample the most-likely central possibilities. Second, we assume that the p-box outer bound – which includes the ‘low confidence’ projections – provides a more reliable estimate of unlikely tail possibilities driven by poorly-understood processes. Accordingly, the fusion is weighted towards the ‘medium confidence’ projections near the median and towards the p-box outer bound near the tails. We demonstrate our proposed fusion by combining alternative projections of sea-level change at the end of the 21st century. The fusion provides probabilistic answers: according to the fusion, the probability of global mean sea-level change exceeding 1.0 m by 2100 is 6% under a low-emissions scenario and 31% under a high-emissions scenario. The fusion also informs summary statements based on credible intervals: under a high-emissions scenario, for example, we are 90% certain that global mean sea level will rise by 0.5–2.2 m during the 21st century. By quantifying a best estimate of scientific uncertainty, the fusion caters to diverse users.
Effect of cardiovascular diseases on brain functional changes and cognition: a systematic review of fMRI studies
Authors: Humayra Syeda , Yahya Noorazrul , Ning Chai Jia , Mir Imtiyaz Ali , Mohamed Abdul Latiff , Manan Hanani Abdul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a useful tool to evaluate brain inefficiencies secondary to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); nevertheless, limited fMRI studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of CVD on brain functional changes and cognition. This systematic review aims to explore, synthesise, and report the fMRI outcomes and cognitive changes in patients with CVDs. Methods Two reviewers independently searched published literature until August 2023 on ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. A total of 22 eligible studies were considered for full-text screening, of which 9 were included in this review. The methodological quality was assessed by mixed methods appraisal tool and reported as empirically fair. Results Among the 312 CVD subjects, aged between 49.90 ± 6.10 to 72.20 ± 5.70 years, majority had coronary heart diseases (n = 153, 40.04%) and hypertension (n = 188, 60.26%), and approximately half of them were females (n = 157, 50.32%). Based on the qualitative synthesis, CVD subjects have increased cognitive decline and poorer task performance (reduced Mini-Mental State Examination/Montreal Cognitive Assessment, lower mean 2-back task scores, and slower reaction time). Results also indicate impaired brain activity at supplementary motor area associated with poor ejection fraction, and reduced default mode network suppression linked to high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; lower regional homogeneity and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values; and reduced functional connectivity. Conclusion It can be extrapolated that CVDs tend to alter brain network connectivity and result in cognitive impairment. However, for future imaging studies, more stringent and homogenous demographic data are highly recommended.
Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells Modulate Niche Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy through YY1-CCL5 Axis
Authors: Wang Huating , Li Yang , Li Chuhan , Sun Qiang , Chen Fengyuan , Cheung Yeelo , Zhao Yu , Xie Ting , Chazaud Bénédicte , Sun Hao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Stem cell activity is known to be tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways but less is known about whether and how stem cells modulate their niche microenvironment. Adult skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are indispensable for muscle regeneration and also tightly regulated by macrophages (MPs) and fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in the niche. Deregulated MuSC/MP/FAP interactions and the ensuing inflammation and fibrosis are hallmarks of dystrophic muscle. Here in this study we demonstrate that intrinsic deletion of transcription factor YY1 in MuSCs exacerbates dystrophic pathologies by altering the cellular composition and heterogeneity of MPs and FAPs. Further analysis reveals that the YY1 loss induces the expression of immune genes in MuSCs, including Ccl5. Augmented secretion of CCL5 from MuSCs promotes the recruitment of MPs via CCL5/CCR5 mediated crosstalk, which subsequently hinders the apoptosis and clearance of FAPs through elevated TGFβ1 accumulation. Maraviroc mediated pharmacological blockade of the CCL5/CCR5 axis effectively mitigates muscle dystrophy and improves muscle performance. Lastly, we further demonstrate that YY1 represses Ccl5 transcription in MuSCs by directly binding to its enhancer thus facilitating promoter-enhancer looping. Altogether, our study has demonstrated the previously unappreciated role of MuSCs in actively shaping their niche microenvironment through secreting immunomodulatory cytokines and has also provided novel insight into the therapeutic intervention of muscle dystrophy.
Allelopathic effects of Stem Aqueous Extract of Lepidium didymum L. against Lens culinaris and Melilotus alba
Authors: Shadab MO , Parveen Uzma , Ain Quratul , Akhtar Nazish , Khan Mumayyaza , Siddiqui M.B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Allelopathy involves plants releasing allelochemicals, inhibiting nearby plants' growth and influencing their physiological and morphological characteristics. Donor plants with allelopathic capabilities dominate, impacting the survival of other plant species. The effect of Lepidium didymum stem aqueous extracts (SAE) on Lens culinaris and Melilotus alba was investigated in this study. The experiment involved extracting compounds from the stems of Lepidium didymum and applying varying concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, and 4%) of these stem extracts to test plant seeds and seedlings. Multiple parameters, including germination percentage, growth parameters, and biochemical activities, were measured and compared against the control group. Germination percentage, seedling growth, seedling length, fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content decreased notably, especially at higher concentrations (4%), while proline content increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In 2021–2022, the experiment was carried out in the allelopathy laboratory department of Botany Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Scanning electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural abnormalities in the roots of the treated plants as compared to the control. Using GCMS analysis, 32 volatile chemicals were found in the methanolic extract of the stem. The compounds found in the major amounts are benzyl nitrile (291.19%), lauric acid (7.86%), benzene acetic acid (6.44%), 11-bromoundecanoic acid (7.36%), palmitic acid (4.85%), dodecanoic acid (4.80%), menthol, trans-1,3, cis-1,4 (3.28%), 11-bromoundecanoic acid (7.36%), and linolenic acid (8.64%). These compounds may be responsible for imparting an allelopathic effect on the test species, Lens culinaris and Melilotus alba. Our study revealed that the stem of L. didymum possesses a high concentration of water-soluble allelochemicals, which are thought to have reduced test plants’ growth and can be used as potential weedicides.
Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds from Indole Butanoic Acid: Comprehensive Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anticancer Activate
Authors: Abdelzaher M. A. , Ali Azhar H. , Saleh Mohanad Yakdhan , Owaid Khalid Ahmed , Saied Shakir Mahmood , Abdelzaher Heba. G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Focus of this study is on the use of the hydrazone compound (3) (N-(4-bromobenzylidene)-4-(1H-indol-3-yl) butane hydrazide), which was previously prepared from the reaction of the compound p-bromobenzaldehyde with the corresponding hydrazide (2) , as an intermediate compound for the synthesis of azetidine, thiazolidine, tetrazole, oxadiazole and phthalazine heterocyclic compounds through its reaction with some cyclic reagents and catalysts such as chloro acetyl chloride, thioglycolic acid, sodium-azid, lead dioxide and Hydrogen chloride gas. The prepared compounds were characterized using physical properties and also spectroscopic methods such as infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the proton and the isotope of carbon13 as well as mass spectrometry, which accurately identified the proposed structures of the prepared compounds. The identity of the prepared compounds was determined using physical and spectroscopic properties, where infrared and 1HNMR spectroscopy of the proton as well as carbon13 were used in addition to using mass spectrometry to verify the validity of the prepared structures. Conclusions: Also, the biological antibacterial evaluation of the compounds (4-8) was conducted and it gave a good result compared to the drug (8) used as a reference for the control, The MTT test was performed on the healthy and cancerous cells of the compounds (4,5,8) and gave an excellent result for the compound (8).