bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comodulation Masking Release (CMR) in Children and the Influence of Reading Status
Authors: Zettler Cynthia M. , Sevcik Rose A. , Morris Robin D. , Clarkson Marsha G. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeResearch suggests that children with reading disabilities (RD) have difficulty processing temporal and spectral components of sounds. Comodulation masking release (CMR) measures a listener’s ability to use temporal and spectral information in noise to identify a signal. The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with RD had difficulty identifying a signal in CMR stimuli. Child and adult performance was compared to assess the development of CMR.MethodEighty-one 7- to 10-year-old children (30 with and 51 without RD) and 20 adults without RD listened to CMR stimuli through headphones. The difference between reference and modulated masker thresholds provided a measure of CMR.ResultsHierarchical regression analyses indicated that reading status did not predict thresholds or CMR. An analysis of variance revealed significantly less CMR for children than for adults.ConclusionsThis research does not support the hypothesis that children with RD have difficulty processing temporal and spectral auditory information as measured by the CMR paradigm. In contrast with some previous research (K. Veloso, J. Hall, & J. Grose, 1990), this study suggests that CMR is continuing to develop beyond 10 years of age. Future research using a CMR paradigm with older children (10–16 years of age) would further illuminate the developmental picture of CMR.
Short-Term Word-Learning Rate in Children With Normal Hearing and Children With Hearing Loss in Limited and Extended High-Frequency Bandwidths
Authors: Pittman Andrea L. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThis study examined children’s word learning in limited and extended high-frequency bandwidth conditions. These conditions represent typical listening environments for children with hearing loss (HL) and children with normal hearing (NH), respectively.MethodThirty-six children with NH and 14 children with moderate-to-severe HL served as participants. All of the children were between 8 and 10 years of age and were assigned to either the limited or the extended bandwidth conditions. Five nonsense words were paired with 5 novel pictures. Word learning was assessed in a single session, multitrial, learning paradigm lasting approximately 15 min. Learning rate was defined as the number of exposures necessary to achieve 70% correct performance.ResultsAnalysis of variance revealed a significant main effect for bandwidth but not for group. A Bandwidth × Group interaction was also not observed. In this short-term learning paradigm, the children in both groups required 3 times as many exposures to learn each new word in the limited bandwidth condition compared with the extended bandwidth condition.ConclusionThese results suggest that children with HL may benefit from extended high-frequency amplification when learning new words and for other long-term auditory processes.
Factors Affecting the Benefits of High-Frequency Amplification
Authors: Horwitz Amy R. , Ahlstrom Jayne B. , Dubno Judy R. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThis study was designed to determine the extent to which high-frequency amplification helped or hindered speech recognition as a function of hearing loss, gain-frequency response, and background noise.MethodSpeech recognition was measured monaurally under headphones for nonsense syllables low-pass filtered in one-third-octave steps between 2.2 and 5.6 kHz. Adults with normal hearing and with high-frequency thresholds ranging from 40 to 80 dB HL listened to speech in quiet processed with an identical “nonindividualized” gain-frequency response. Hearing-impaired participants also listened to speech in quiet and noise processed with gain-frequency responses individually prescribed according to the National Acoustic Laboratories–Revised (NAL-R) formula.ResultsMean speech recognition generally increased significantly with additional high-frequency speech bands. The one exception was that hearing-impaired participants’ recognition of speech processed by the nonindividualized response did not improve significantly with the addition of the highest frequency band. Significantly larger increases in scores with increasing bandwidth were observed for speech in noise than quiet.ConclusionsGiven that decreases in scores with additional high-frequency speech bands for individual participants were relatively small and few and did not increase with quiet thresholds, no evidence of a degree of hearing loss was found above which it was counterproductive to provide amplification.
Characterization and classification of acoustically detected fish spatial distributions
Authors: Burgos Julian M. , Horne John K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBurgos, J. M., and Horne, J. K. 2008. Characterization and classification of acoustically detected fish spatial distributions. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1235–1247. High-resolution, two-dimensional measurements of aquatic-organism density are collected routinely during echo integration trawl surveys. School-detection algorithms are commonly used to describe and analyse spatial distributions of pelagic and semi-pelagic organisms observed in echograms. This approach is appropriate for species that form well-defined schools, but is limited when used for species that form demersal layers or diffuse pelagic shoals. As an alternative to metrics obtained from school-detection algorithms, we used landscape indices to quantify and characterize spatial heterogeneity in density distributions of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). Survey transects were divided into segments of equal length and echo integrated at a resolution of 20 m (horizontal) and 1 m (vertical). A series of 20 landscape metrics was calculated in each segment to measure occupancy, patchiness, size distribution of patches, distances among patches, acoustic density, and vertical location and dispersion. Factor analysis indicated that the metric set could be reduced to four factors: spatial occupancy, aggregation, packing density, and vertical distribution. Cluster analysis was used to develop a 12-category classification typology for distribution patterns. Visual inspection revealed that spatial patterns of segments assigned to each type were consistent, but that there was considerable overlap among types.
Fowler Award Presentation: Effects of ErbB2 Signaling on the Response of Vestibular Schwannoma Cells to γ‐Irradiation
Authors: Hansen Marlan R. , Clark J Jason , Gantz Bruce J. , Goswami Prabhat C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective: For vestibular schwannomas (VSs) that require treatment, options are limited to microsurgery or irradiation (IR). Development of alternative therapies that augment or replace microsurgery or IR would benefit patients not suitable for current therapies. This study explored the ability of ErbB2 inhibitors to modulate the effects of IR on VS cells.Study Design: Prospective study using primary cultures derived from human VSs.Methods: Primary cultures of VS cells were derived from acutely resected tumors. Cultures received single escalating doses (15–40 Gy) of γ‐irradiation from a 137Cs γ‐irradiation source. Cell proliferation was determined by BrdU uptake and apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Trastuzumab (Herceptin) and PD158780 were independently used to inhibit ErbB2 signaling while neuregulin‐1β (NRG‐1) was used to activate ErbB2.Results: IR induces VS cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in doses greater than 20 Gy, demonstrating that VS cells are relatively radioresistant. This radioresistance likely arises from their low proliferative capacity as a sublethal dose of IR (10 Gy) strongly induces deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage evidenced by histone H2AX phosphorylation. Inhibition of ErbB2, which decreases VS cell proliferation, protects VS cells from radiation‐induced apoptosis, while NRG‐1, an ErbB2 ligand and VS cell mitogen, increases radiation‐induced VS cell apoptosis.Conclusions: Compared with many neoplastic conditions, VS cells are relatively radioresistant. The radio‐protective effect of ErbB2 inhibitors implies that the sensitivity of VS cells to IR depends on their proliferative capacity. These results hold important implications for current and future treatment strategies.
Staging and Survival Analysis for Nonsquamous Cell Carcinomas of the Larynx
Authors: Lin Harrison W. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective: Determine staging and comparative survival for nonsquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx.Study Design: Cross‐sectional population analysis.Methods: Cases of non‐SCC supraglottic, glottic, and subglottic cancers were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (1988–2003) and the staging distribution computed. For each site, Kaplan‐Meier survivals were compared according to histology, T‐stage, and N‐stage. Survival for non‐SCC cancers for each site were compared among histologies, T‐stage, and N‐stage as well as with age/sex/stage‐matched SCC cancers to determine differences in survival.Results: One hundred forty supraglottic non‐SCC cases were identified (67% male, mean age 62.0 yr) consisting of 25 neuroendocrine, 25 small cell, and 22 lymphomas (among others), with mean survivals of 44.8, 52.1, and 80.5 months, respectively. Survival was not significantly different according to histology (log‐rank, P = .440) but was significantly different according to T‐stage (P = .029) and N‐stage (P < .001). Seventy‐eight glottic non‐SCC cases were identified (83% male, mean age 66.1 yr) consisting of 32 spindle cell, 13 sarcoma, and 10 small cell (among others), with mean survivals of 114.6, 89.8, and 39.2 months, respectively. Survival was not significantly different according to histology (P = .056) but was significantly different according to T‐stage (P = .002) and N‐stage (P = .022). Small numbers (26) precluded subglottic analysis. For both supraglottic and glottic sites including all histologies, survival was similar for matched non‐SCC and SCC cases (P = .510 and P = .930, respectively).Conclusions: Non‐SCCs are more common in the supraglottic larynx. T‐stage and N‐stage influence survival more than histology alone for these cancers.
Simple and New Surgical Procedure for Laryngotracheal Separation in Pediatrics
Authors: Ninomiya Hiroshi , Yasuoka Yoshihito , Inoue Yoshihiro , Toyoda Minoru , Takahashi Katsumasa , Miyashita Motoaki , Furuya Nobuhiko 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: In children with severe physical and mental disabilities who repeatedly develop aspiration pneumonia due to intractable aspiration, laryngotracheal separation/tracheoesophageal anastomosis or laryngotracheal separation has been performed in many institutions for the prevention of aspiration, and good results have been reported. However, families sometimes show a marked reluctance to give consent to these surgical techniques because of tracheal transection. A purpose of this study is to evaluate a new surgical procedure for laryngotracheal separation without tracheal transection.Study Design: Case‐series study.Methods: As a new, simple, less invasive surgical technique for the prevention of aspiration without tracheal transection, we performed tracheal closure (tracheal flap method) in six children. A U‐shaped flap of the tracheal anterior wall from the 2nd to the 4th/5th tracheal ring was produced, bent toward the tracheal lumen, and sutured to the tracheal posterior/lateral walls by mattress stitches for tracheal closure. In addition, the closure was covered with a cutaneous U‐shaped flap for reinforcement and a permanent tracheal stoma was constructed.Results: In all six patients, aspiration pneumonia could be prevented without severe complications.Conclusions: Tracheal closure (tracheal flap method) has effects comparable to those of other surgical techniques for the prevention of aspiration, and may be useful for aspiration prevention in children with severe physical and mental disabilities.
Endoscopic Removal of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas: A Video Presentation
Authors: Joo Daekeun , Chhetri Dinesh K. , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Juvenile nasal angiogibroma (JNA) is a relatively rare, benign neoplasm generally seen in prepubertal and adolescent males. In the past, surgical management included lateral rhinotomy, transpalatal and transmaxillary routes, and midface degloving approaches. Endoscopic approaches have become the treatment of choice, especially for tumors limited by size and location criteria. Our presentation demonstrates an endoscopic approach to excision of JNAs that are limited to the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses. Through the use of a brief video presentation, participants will be able to visualize the endoscopic technique.Study Design and Methods: A retrospective review of JNA patients treated at our institution identified 3 patients who underwent endoscopic removal. All patients underwent preoperative embolization followed by endoscopic resection.Results: A video demonstration is presented of a patient with a 3.5 cm JNA who underwent successful endoscopic, endonasal excision. After medialization of the middle turbinate and anterior ethmoidectomy, the tumor could be mobilized using a Cottle elevator and microdebrider. The origin and attachment of the tumor were visualized and detached from the sphenopalatine foramen. The tumor was resected en bloc with minimal bleeding. There were no intraoperative complications, and postoperative bleeding was negligible. To date, there has been no evidence of recurrence of tumor in these individuals.Conclusions: Endoscopic removal is the approach of choice for small to medium, limited‐extent JNAs.
The Effect of Topical Doxycycline in the Prevention of Experimental Tympanosclerosis
Authors: Ozcan Ibrahim , Selcuk Adin , Ozcan K Murat , Akdogan Ozgur , Giray Seren G. , Dere Huseyin , Ozogul Candan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of topical doxycycline used in the process of experimental myringosclerosis and tympanosclerosis.Study Design: A prospective experimental animal study.Methods: Experimental tympanosclerosis was accomplished in 25 healthy adult guinea pigs by inoculation with 2.5 × 107 colony‐forming units of type‐3 Streptococcus pneumoniae microorganisms followed by bilateral myringotomy. While the animals' right ears received a topical doxycycline treatment daily, their left ears were left untreated and used as controls. Otomicroscopic examination was carried out weekly and healing tympanic membranes were remyringotomized. After a 6‐week follow‐up, the temporal bones of 24 of 25 animals were removed and light‐microscopy examination was done regarding tympanic membrane myringosclerosis and middle ear mucosal sclerosis.Results: Myringosclerosis was noticed to a lesser extent in the doxycycline‐treated group when compared to the untreated control group. Light microscopy evaluation revealed a difference in the area and thickness of the sclerotic plaques of myringosclerosis of the tympanic membranes in the doxycycline‐treated group and the control group, being significantly smaller and thinner in the treated group (P < .001, P < .04, respectively). Similarly, the area and thickness of the sclerotic plaques in the middle ear mucosa were significantly smaller and thinner in the doxycycline treated group (P < .001, P < .03).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the potent matrix metallo‐proteinase inhibitor doxycycline plays a preventive role in the development of experimentally induced tympanosclerosis.
Is the Canine Fossa Puncture Approach Really Necessary for the Severely Diseased Maxillary Sinus during Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?
Authors: Lee Jae Yong , Lee Sang Hag , Hong Hyun Sook , Lee Jong Dae , Cho Sung Hoon 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the necessity of canine fossa puncture (CFP) by comparing the symptom scores and postoperative computed tomography (CT) findings between patients with severe maxillary sinus disease who underwent CFP and those who underwent maxillary sinus clearance through a middle meatal antrostomy (MMA).Study Design: A prospective, randomized study.Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients met the inclusion criteria for each of the CFP and MMA groups. In both groups, all diseased sinuses were addressed in the same manner using the same surgical techniques; the only difference was management of the maxillary sinus. Most of the patients completed the Sinonasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT‐20) and visual analogue scales (VAS) for the six main symptoms preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The Lund‐Mackay scores for the maxillary sinus and for all sinuses were calculated from the preoperative CT scan and another scan taken 12 months postoperatively. The mucosal thickening as a percentage of the total volume of the maxillary sinus was also evaluated on the postoperative CT scans, and complications related to both procedures were investigated.Results: Twenty‐four patients completed the follow‐up, questionnaires, and postoperative CT scans and were included in the analysis: 11 CFP patients and 13 MMA patients. All of the patients had chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (NP). There were no significantdifferences in polyp extent or Lund‐Mackay score for the maxillary sinus and for all sinuses on the pre‐ and postoperative CT scans between the groups. The volume of mucosal thickening also did not differ significantly between the groups on the postoperative CT scans. The SNOT‐20 and VAS scores improved significantly 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure in both groups. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups except for the VAS for postnasal drip 3 months postoperatively, which was better in the CFP group. Six of 11 patients in the CFP group experienced one or more complications after the procedure, although all of the symptoms resolved spontaneously within 3 months. In the MMA group, three patients had bleeding from the branches of the sphenopalatine artery during widening of the ostium, which was controlled intraoperatively with suction cauterization.Conclusions: We could not find any benefits of the CFP procedure over the conventional MMA method in the present study. Although CFP is a useful method for removing severe mucosal disease that cannot be reached through the MMA, it does not guarantee a better subjective or objective surgical outcome in patients who have accompanying NP.
Daily Tympanometry for High‐Resolution Measurement of the Time between Onset Of Cold‐Like Illness and Middle Ear Effusion
Authors: Doyle William J. , Winther Birgit , Alper Cuneyt M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground: Tympanometry is a simple method to assess middle ear pressure (MEP) and the presence of middle ear effusion (MEE), a marker of otitis media (OM).Objectives: To determine whether daily parental tympanometry and illness sign recording in their children can be used to define the time between onsets of cold‐like illness (CLI) and MEE at high resolution.Study Design: Prospective, longitudinal, 7 month, daily follow‐up on 169 children aged 1 through 8.6 years.Methods: Tympanograms and illness were recorded daily by a parent. Tympanograms were examined, rejected if artifactual, and MEP data were entered into a database, with “flat tympanograms” coded as −400 mm H2O = MEE. The incidence and burden of CLIs (>2 days) were calculated, and for each CLI, the presence/absence of concurrent MEE (>2 days) was determined. For each child, the average MEP for CLI and nonCLI days was calculated. Paired CLI and tympanometric results were aligned and the days between event onsets determined. Stepwise regression was used to assign risk predictors for the measured outcomes.Results: A total of 566 CLIs were recorded, and the average CLI burden/child was 16%. Age was a significant predictor of CLI incidence/child, and age, history of colds, and daily environment were predictors of CLI‐burden/child. Of the 433 evaluable CLI episodes, MEE was a complication in 37%, and MEE with a CLI was predicted by age, OM history, and environment. MEP was significantly more negative during CLI episodes, and the magnitude was predicted by age, race, and OM history. The average difference in MEE‐CLI onsets was 1.2 ± 4.0 days; approximately 32% of MEEs occurred prior to CLI onset and 17% on the same day as CLI onset.Conclusions: CLIs adversely affect the middle ear‐ambient pressure balance and are frequently associated with MEE episodes. The distribution in onsets between those events suggests that chemoprophylaxis of a child with a newly identified CLI to prevent MEE would have a low expected efficiency.
Medical Management Of Ménière's Disease
Authors: Coelho Daniel H. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: Ménière's disease (MD) is poorly understood with respect to its etiology, pathophysiology, clinical course, and treatment. Furthermore, in the absence of controlled clinical studies, empiric treatments have been used with varying degrees of success. In this paper, the authors review the current medical management of MD.Study Design: Literature review.Results: Because of a dearth of well‐controlled studies, the medical management of MD remains empirical and is largely restricted to lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and office‐based procedures. The development of transtympanic therapies represents a true therapeutic advance that has largely supplanted surgical intervention. A treatment algorithm for acute and chronic medical management is reviewed.Conclusions: Despite absence of a complete understanding of MD, medical management or its natural history leads to control of vertigo in the majority of patients. Basic research is needed to understand its pathophysiology so that directed therapies can be developed and can be tested in well‐controlled clinical trials.
Outcomes of Patients with N3 Neck Nodes Treated with Chemoradiation
Authors: Ballonoff Ari , Raben David , Rusthoven Kyle E. , Bassetti Michael , Kane Madeleine , Song John I. , Chen Changhu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the outcomes of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with N3 neck nodes treated with definitive chemoradiation.Study Design: Retrospective review.Methods: Thirty‐two patients with nonmetastatic locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and N3 neck disease treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy were evaluated. Overall survival, disease‐ free survival, locoregional control, and distant control were recorded.Results: Median follow‐up for surviving patients was 25 (range, 3–93) months. Seventeen of 32 (53%) patients failed, 13 in distant sites only, 2 in the neck only, 1 in the neck and a distant site, and 1 in the neck and primary site. The absolute rates of locoregional control and distant control were 88% and 56%, respectively. Actuarial overall survival and disease‐free survival at 2 years were 51% and 29%, respectively.Conclusion: Patients with N3 neck disease treated with chemoradiation experience a very high rate of distant failure. Future studies investigating the role of additional systemic therapy in these patients are warranted.