bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Reproducible Fabrication of MgTiO3 Nanoparticles by Electrodeposition
Authors: Hashimoto Nobuaki , Hatakeyama Satomi , Doki Norihito , Yokota Masaaki , Shimizu Kenji 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
While a high supply voltage (&gt;15 V) is needed in the conventional EPD (electrophoretic deposition) methods, we propose a novel method in which deposition of dielectric films can be carried out using a low voltage (&lt;10 V); we have used this method for the deposition of MgTiO3 films. MgTiO3 powder was dispersed in a solution of ethanol–Ti4+ with 3–9 V. Subsequently, the deposition of a MgTiO3 film with spherical nano-particles in aggregated random shape particles was observed at the anode.
Electrolytic Properties of Ethyl Fluoroethyl Carbonate and Its Application to Lithium Battery
Authors: Tsukimori Naoko , Nanbu Noritoshi , Takehara Masahiro , Ue Makoto , Sasaki Yukio 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Monofluorination of solvents exerts the strong polar effect on various properties. We have investigated the electrolytic properties of ethyl fluoroethyl carbonate (EFEC) and its application to a lithium battery. Conductivities of EFEC solutions are higher than those of diethyl carbonate (DEC) counterparts above 25 °C or below 1 mol dm−3 of LiPF6. The anodic stability of EFEC is also higher than that of DEC. The use of EFEC as a cosolvent improves the performance of a Li/LiCoO2 coin cell.
Fabrication and Luminescent Characteristics of Y2O3:Eu3+ Nanotubes by Hydrothermal Treatment
Authors: Jin Tetsuro , Jin Erika , Sano Mamoru , Chi Bo , Yazawa Tetsuo 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Y2O3:Eu3+ nanotube phosphors were prepared using polyethylene glycol via a hydrothermal treatment and a subsequent heat treatment. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the crystal was a tube with an outer diameter of 80 nm. A higher emission intensity was observed with nanotubular Y2O3 doped with 7.5 mol % Eu3+ ions after heated more than 900 °C compared with that of the commercial one. In addition, the examination of toxicity using cell line suggested that the toxicity of the lanthanide oxide nanotubes indeed was much less than the case of asbestos.
Electroluminescence Quenching Caused by a Spin-crossover Transition
Authors: Matsuda Masaki , Isozaki Hikaru , Tajima Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
A film of a spin-crossover complex [Fe(dpp)2](BF4)2 (dpp = 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine) was embedded into the light-emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent (EL) device with chlorophyll a. While the EL spectrum was observed at 300 K, the spectrum could not be observed at 200 K. The temperature dependence of the EL spectra shows the quenching of the emission below 260 K, which is the spin-transition temperature of [Fe(dpp)2](BF4)2. This suggests that the EL quenching accompanied the spin transition.
Preparation of Cathode Active Material for Rechargeable Magnesium Battery by Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Discharge Using Carbon Felt Pieces
Authors: Kurihara Hideki , Yajima Tatuhiko , Suzuki Susumu 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Magnesium manganese oxide (MMO) with spinel structure was prepared from powders of MgO and Mn2O3 by atmospheric pressure microwave discharge using CF pieces. The produced MMO was strained in the crystal structure by the barrier discharge between CF pieces and the raw powder. Cyclic voltammograms of the strained MMO showed a reduction current peak, and the discharge capacity increased.
Indications for Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Aspirin and Clopidogrel: Evidence-Based Recommendations for Use
Authors: Reaume Kristen T , Regal Randolph E , Dorsch Michael P 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature assessing dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel and subsequently provide evidence-based recommendations for appropriate indications and length of therapy. DATA SYNTHESIS: An English-language MEDLINE search (1950–December 2007) was conducted using the search terms antiplatelet, aspirin, thienopyridine, and clopidogrel to identify articles assessing dual antiplatelet therapy. Evaluation of references from identified trials for possible inclusion was also conducted. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All studies that assessed treatment with the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel for any indication were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Aspirin and clopidogrel have complementary mechanisms of action to inhibit platelet function. Indications that have been studied include coronary artery disease (CAD), atherosclerotic ischemic stroke, and atrial fibrillation. This combination has been beneficial in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with or without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and in PCI patients without an acute event. There is a small but significant risk for increased bleeding with dual antiplatelet therapy for these indications. When used in patients with a history of atherosclerotic ischemic stroke or for prevention of cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, this combination has been shown to increase bleeding, providing no clinical benefit, and to increase outcomes including stroke, myocardial infarction, and death, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to support use of aspirin in combination with clopidogrel for patients presenting with all ACS types, as well as for patients presenting with PCI for any indication. The treatment duration varies, but patients who have received stenting should receive at least 1 year of combination therapy. There is no evidence to support this combination for primary prevention of CAD or atherosclerotic ischemic events, secondary prevention of stable CAD, or prevention of cardioembolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. The possible benefits of dual antiplatelet therapy also must be weighed against the risk of bleeding.
Pharmacist Monitoring of QTc Interval–Prolonging Medications in Critically Ill Medical Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ng Tien MH , Bell Adrienne M , Hong Chandra , Hara Jill M , Touchette Daniel R , Danskey Karine N , Lindsay Tanya T , Puumala Susan E 
Published: March 2008

BACKGROUND: No data exist regarding the value of pharmacist monitoring of drugs associated with QTc interval prolongation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the capability, clinical impact, and economic impact of pharmacists monitoring for drug-induced QTc interval prolongation in critically ill medical adult patients. METHODS: In a prospective, parallel-group study, 149 consecutive medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients prescribed a QTc interval–prolonging drug at the Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center were assigned on alternating days to an intervention group (clinical pharmacist on physician team monitored drugs using a standardized algorithm) or a standard care group (team without pharmacist using an algorithm). The monitoring algorithm used daily assessments of electrocardiograms and laboratory data to generate pharmacotherapeutic recommendations. The primary endpoint was the frequency of QTc interval prolongation (>500 msec at any time or an increase ≥60 msec over baseline). Secondary endpoints included QTc interval greater than 470 msec in women or greater than 450 msec in men, mean increase in QTc interval at 48 hours, recommendation acceptance rate, and cost of care. RESULTS: QTc interval prolongation occurred less frequently in the intervention group compared with the standard care group (19% vs 39%, respectively; p = 0.006). Incidence of QTc interval greater than 500 msec (13% vs 33%, respectively; p = 0.003) was also lower in the intervention group. Incidence of QTc interval increase of 60 msec or more over baseline (12% vs 21%, respectively; p = 0.12) and increase in QTc interval at 48 hours over baseline (mean ± SD; 6.4 ± 40.8 vs 18.2 ± 42.3 msec, respectively; p = 0.097) were not significantly different between the groups. Algorithm-generated recommendations were accepted 70% of the time by the intervention group physician team. Total cost and cost per day were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary study, pharmacist monitoring of QTc interval–prolonging drugs using a simple algorithm was feasible and reduced the risk of QTc interval prolongation. Further studies that monitor other proarrhythmic medications are warranted.
Performance of Commercially Available Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) Tag Systems Used for Fish Identification and Interjurisdictional Fisheries Management
Authors: Fuller S. Adam , Henne James P. , Seals John , Mudrak Vincent A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag systems are commonly used in identification and monitoring programs with fisheries applications. Transponders of different frequencies, sizes, and code formats are available from numerous manufacturers, and there is increasing concern regarding the need to coordinate tagging efforts with appropriate equipment. Given the high cost of PIT tag systems and the adverse management implications of using incompatible equipment, we evaluated the performance of 20 transponder models and 11 transceiver models currently used in the United States. Compatibility among transceivers ranged from 14% to 81% when evaluated with the 20 transponders in this study. The maximum read distance across all tags and tag readers averaged 9.5 cm (range, 2.0–31.3 cm), and there were significant differences among reader and tag type combinations. Both transponder size and frequency significantly affected the maximum read distance, but transceiver model choice appeared to allow for the greatest practical increase in read distance. These results should assist resource managers with decisions regarding the coordination of tagging efforts that use PIT tag systems, particularly those involving long-lived or interjurisdictional species.
Measuring the Length of a Pelagic Longline Set: Applications for Management
Authors: Kerstetter David W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Recent U.S. federal fisheries management actions aimed at reducing bycatch have established or proposed limits on the length of a pelagic longline set. However, such management measures are unenforceable if the criteria for measuring the length of a pelagic longline set have not been defined. Differences in the physical gear and deployment strategies suggest high variability among the several methods that can be used to measure set length. This study uses a combination of scientifically monitored sets, fisheries observer data, and federal pelagic logbook data to compare four possible metrics of longline set length: the geographic track of the vessel while deploying the gear, a “folding ruler” approximation based on straight-line distance between ends of the sections of gear, the straight-line distance between the beginning and end of the gear, and a dead-reckoning distance based on vessel speed and the time duration of the gear deployment. Results indicate that while set lengths determined from self-reported data via logbook submissions are not significantly different from the other proposed methods, the inclusion of an ending location for each set within the logbook form could provide a basis for evaluation of the regulatory measure.
Behavioral Responses of Rainbow Smelt to in situ Strobe Lights
Authors: Hamel Martin J. , Brown Michael L. , Chipps Steven R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
We conducted in situ testing of strobe lights as a potential fish deterrent by examining avoidance and acclimation behaviors of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax in Lake Oahe, South Dakota. Split-beam hydroacoustics were used to assess the effectiveness of the deterrent system by comparing proximal densities of rainbow smelt before and after the device was activated. In summer 2005, strobe lights successfully repelled rainbow smelt to a minimum horizontal distance of 21 m at both 1 h and 4 h postactivation; the model AGL-FH 920 flashhead produced a light intensity of 6,585 lumens per flash. Similarly in 2004, a model AGL-FH 901 flashhead, which produced a light intensity of 2,634 lumens per flash, repelled rainbow smelt to a horizontal distance of 15 m. A comparison of strata 10 m above and below the strobe light system showed that rainbow smelt were vertically displaced to approximately 6 m. We conclude that strobe lights elicit behavioral avoidance by rainbow smelt and may provide an effective means for reducing entrainment losses through Oahe Dam.
Religiosity and Self-Rated Health among Latin American and Caribbean Elders
Authors: Reyes-Ortiz Carlos A. , Pelaez Martha , Koenig Harold G. , Mulligan Thomas 
Published: March 2008

Objective: To describe religious affiliation, importance of religion, and the relationship between religion and self-rated health in persons aged 60 or older living in Latin America or the Caribbean. Method: We used data from seven cities (n=10,587). Multivariate models were used to analyze the associations between religious affiliation and importance of religion with socio-demographic or health factors and self-rated health. Results: Overall, 92% of the total study population had a religious affiliation; among those who are religious, 80% considered religion to be important in their lives. Half of the population (51%) reported fair or poor health. In multivariate models, older age increased odds of having a religious affiliation and religion being important. Women were about four times more likely to have a religious affiliation and over twice as likely as men to indicate that religion was important. Although religious affiliation was associated with poor health, this association was no longer significant after controlling for functional status. Older adults who considered religion as very important were less likely to report fair or poor health compared to those who were less religious (somewhat important, not very important). Conclusions: These older adults have a high prevalence of religious affiliation and most of them consider religion to be important. Better self-rated health was associated with higher self-rated religiosity.
Theoretical study on the mechanism of reaction between 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone and malononitrile catalyzed by lithium ethoxide
Authors: Hu Qi-Shan , Li Lai-Cai , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The The mechanism of reaction between 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone and malononitrile for the synthesis of 2-dicyanomethylene-4, 5, 5-trimethyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitrile catalyzed by lithium ethoxide was investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The geometries and the frequencies of reactants, intermediates, transition states and products were calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The vibration analysis and the IRC analysis verified the authenticity of transition states. The reaction processes were confirmed by the changes of charge density at the bond-forming critical point. The results indicated that lithium ethoxide is an effective catalyst in the synthesis of 2-dicyanomethylene-4, 5, 5-trimethyl-2, 5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitrile from malononi-trile and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone. The activation energy of the reaction with lithium ethoxide was 115.86 kJ·mol−1 less than the uncatalyzed reaction. The mechanism of the lithium ethoxide catalyzed reaction differed from the mechanism of the uncatalyzed reaction.
Iron supplementation in pregnancy: is less enough?
Authors: Eskeland Benedicte , Malterud Kirsti , Ulvik Rune J. , Hunskaar Steinar 
Published: March 2008

Background. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of low dose iron supplementation with and without a heme component, prescribed for women in the second half of pregnancy.Method. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled trial. Thirty‐one women received a daily dose of 27 mg elemental iron in a product containing both heme iron and non‐heme iron (Hemofer(r))30 women received the same dose as pure non‐heme iron with vitamin C (Collets jern med vitamin C(r))and 29 women received placebo. A double dummy technique was used to mask tablets. The women were tested for red cell indices and iron status markers (s‐ferritin, s‐iron, Total Iron Binding Capacity and erythrocyte protoporphyrin) throughout pregnancy and 8 and 24 weeks postpartum. The results were analyzed according to the ‘intention to treat’ principle.Results. The hematological effects were equal in the two treatment groups. 25% of the supplemented women fell below 110 g/1 in Hb vs 52% in the placebo group (p<0.05); none fell below 100 g/1 in the supplemented groups, 14% in the placebo group. Iron status was significantly better for all measured parameters in the heme iron group compared to placebo at the end of pregnancy. Differences between the other groups were only shown for some parameters, probably due to the small sample size. In the heme iron group there were fewer women with empty iron stores postpartum than at the start of pregnancy (from 14% to 8%), in the non‐heme iron group there was a significant increase (from 3% to 27%), and in the placebo group the percentage of women with empty iron stores was more than doubled (from 21% to 52%).Conclusions. A daily dose of 27 mg elemental iron, containing a heme component, given in the second half of pregnancy, prevents depiction of iron stores after birth in most women. An equivalent dose of pure inorganic iron seems less effective, but the sample size in this study was too small to demonstrate significant differences between the two treatment groups.
Tick‐borne relapsing fever and pregnancy outcome in rural Tanzania
Authors: Jongen Vincent H. W. M. , van Roosmalen Jos , Tiems Johannes , Van Holten Jacqueline , Wetsteyn Jose C. F. M. 
Published: March 2008

Objective. To assess the impact of tick‐borne relapsing fever (TBRF) on the outcome of pregnancy.Design. Case control study of 137 pregnant women (cases) and 120 non‐pregnant women (controls) with TBRF between 1985 and 1995.Setting. A rural hospital in Tabora Region, Tanzania.Results. Risk of birth during the attack of TBRF was 58.0%, with an extremely high perinatal mortality of 436 per 1000 births. The total loss of pregnancies including abortions was 475 per 1000. Case‐fatality rate in pregnant women was 1.5%, compared to 1.7% in the nonpregnant women. A Jarisch‐Herxheimer reaction was seen in 1.5% of the cases and in 1.7% of controls. Relapse rate was 3.6%, compared to 1.7% in non‐pregnant women. Pregnant women with TBRF show higher densities of spirochetes than non‐pregnant women (p<0.001). The risk of delivery during the attack was positively correlated to increasing density of the spirochetemia (p<0.001) and to gestational age (p<0.001). Perinatal death was related to low birthweight (p<0.001) and low gestational age (p<0.001) and not to degree of spirochetemia.Conclusions. The extremely high perinatal mortality rate during an attack asks for prevention and early effective management of TBRF. This is a challenge where access to health services in rural areas of developing countries is hampered by many factors.
Posttraumatic stress reactions after emergency cesarean section
Authors: Ryding Elsa Lena , Wijma Barbro , Wijma Klaas 
Published: March 2008

Background. The study aimed at answering the following questions: Do women experience emergency cesarean section as traumatic?Do women experience any posttraumatic stress reactions or even posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) one to two months after emergency cesarean section?Methods. Twenty‐five consecutive women were interviewed a few days and one to two months after emergency cesarean section.Results. Nineteen (76%) of the 25 women had experienced their delivery by emergency cesarean section as a traumatic event. One to two months postpartum none of these women met all the diagnostic criteria of PTSD. However, 13 women had various forms of posttraumatic stress reactions and in eight cases (33%) symptoms of serious posttraumatic intrusive stress reactions.Conclusions. The emergency cesarean section was in the majority of the cases experienced as a mental trauma. Although none of the women suffered from PTSD one to two months postpartum, one third had serious posttraumatic intrusive stress reactions. The concept of traumatic stress thus seems to be relevant for investigations of psychological aspects of emergency cesarean section.
C‐reactive protein in uncomplicated parturients delivered by Cesarean section
Authors: Keski‐Nisula Leea , Kirkinen Pertti , Ollikainen Marja , Saarikoski Seppo 
Published: March 2008

Background. The purpose of this study was to determine normal values and evaluate clinical variables associated with postoperative C‐reactive protein serum concentrations after uncomplicated abdominal delivery.Methods. C‐reactive protein serum concentrations were determined serially by a quantitative immunoturbidimetric assay in 479 clinically non‐infected parturients undergoing uncomplicated Cesarean section, before operation and during the first week of puerperium. Associations between clinical variables and maximal postoperative C‐reactive protein levels were examined by variance analysis.Results. The preoperative values were significantly higher in parturients from whom samples were obtained after the onset of labor and/or rupture of the membranes (16±10 (s.d.) mg/1) compared with the preoperative values obtained from parturients operated with no labor and intact membranes (12±7 (s.d.) mg/1) (p<0.0001). An overall significant increase was observed in C‐reactive protein concentrations after delivery, peaking on the second postoperative day, compared with the preoperative values. In the parturients operated upon after the onset of labor or ruptured membranes, postoperative values were 24% higher up to the sixth postoperative day than in parturients operated upon with intact membranes and no labor. The onset of labor, duration of operation, the number of vaginal examinations and the duration of internal monitoring before operation were associated with the maximal postoperative C‐reactive protein concentrations, but they explained only 9% of postoperative CRP level variation.Conclusions. The wide range of serum C‐reactive protein concentrations during puerperium complicates its use as a simple marker in obstetric postoperative complications. However, after normal uncomplicated operative delivery, C‐reactive protein concentrations rapidly decrease towards the baseline after the second to third postoperative day.
Effect of nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and thromboxane on the vasospastic action of hydrogen peroxide on human umbilical artery
Authors: Okatani Yuji , Watanabe Kazushi , Sagara Yusuke 
Published: March 2008

Background. The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on vascular tone in the human umbilical artery was investigated to determine the mechanism of vasospasm in preeclampsia. Methods. Helical sections of the umbilical artery were obtained from healthy pregnant women who delivered between the 37th and 39th week of gestation. Changes in the maximal tension induced by prostaglandin F2α (PG F2α) were measured (isometric mechanical activity). Segments were treated with H2O2 alone or H2O2 after pretreatment with a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals (mannitol), an inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis (sodium ozagrel), and an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis (L‐NG‐monomethyl arginine, LNMA), or an inhibitor of prostacyclin synthesis (tranylcypromine, TCP).Results. Vascular tension was potentiated by H2O2 in a concentration‐dependent manner. Pretreatment with mannitol significantly suppressed the vasospastic effect of H2O2. Removal of the endothelium decreased the vascular tension induced by H2O2. Treatment with TCP and LNMA potentiated the vascular tension. Pretreatment with TCP and LNMA reduced the vasospastic action of H2O2, whereas pretreatment with sodium ozagrel did not.Conclusion. Vascular tension in human umbilical arteries was potentiated by H2O2, and may be mediated by a suppression of the activity of nitric oxide or of prostacyclin. A direct action of H2O2 on vascular smooth muscle may also be involved.