bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERINATAL ASPECTS OF MATERNAL AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE*
Authors: JONES W. R. , STOREY B. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA study has been made of the foetal outcome in 38 pregnancies complicated by maternal autoimmune disease over a 10 year period at a Sydney hospital. The diseases included thyrotoxicosis, idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma. The occurrence of perinatal manifestations of these maternal disorders is of importance both in the paediatric management of such cases and in the study of aetiological factors in autoimmune disease.
PHENYLKETONURIA: REDUCTION OF SERUM LEVELS OF PHENYLALANINE FOLLOWING ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF B‐2 THIENYLALANINE
Authors: KRIPS CAROL , LINES D. R. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSIS8 mentally retarded but otherwise healthy phenylketonuric individuals were given two oral loads of phenylalanine (100 mgm/Kg). One of these loads was accompanied by β‐2‐thienylalanine (20 mgm/Kg). Blood levels of phenylalanine in the 6 hours after the two phenylalanine loads were compared. β‐2‐thienylalanine reduced the levels of phenylalanine in every case.This suggests that if the phenylketonuric child were to take an appropriate amount of β‐thienylalanine with meals, he might be able to eat more phenylalanine, and this would allow a considerably more liberal diet.As diet has been shown to be a dominant factor in the emotional climate of families of phenylketonuric children, this stress would be considerably reduced. Thus, the administration of β‐thienylalanine might lead to a more normal social development of the patient.
PLASMA LIPID VALUES IN CHILDHOOD OBESITY
Authors: COURT J. M. , DUNLOP MARJORIE , LEONARD R. F. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA study was made on 129 obese children to assess the relation of fasting plasma concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride with clinical features of obesity.Mean values for both plasma cholesterol (195 mg/dl) and triglyceride (77 mg/dl) did not differ from those found in non‐obese children. Greater than expected numbers of children however were found with raised values of either cholesterol or triglyceride. Three children were found to have familial Type II hyperlipoproteinaemia, and eighteen were found to have a fasting triglyceride of greater than 120 mg/dl. No correlation was found between plasma cholesterol values and clinical features of obesity, but significant correlation was found between plasma triglyceride values and degree and duration of obesity, particularly amongst those children whose obesity started after the first year of life.
INTRAUTERINE INTRAVENTRICULAR HAEMORRHAGE AND DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION IN A TRIPLET PREGNANCY
Authors: THOMAS D. B. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA case of intrauterine DIC and IVH in association with a macerated sibling in a triplet pregnancy is described. Circumstantial evidence suggests that this could have been due to the transfer of thromboplastic material from the macerated foetus to one of the liveborn siblings, and would imply that there was a vascular communication across the chorionic barrier, as they were of different sexes.
DIARRHOEA IN MALNOURISHED CHILDREN
Authors: BURKE VALERIE , GRACEY MICHAEL 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISMalnutrition and diarrhoeal disease are common in young Australian Aborigines and help determine their poor health standards. The clinical features found in these children show close similarities to those in children in pre‐industrialized communities. The factors involved in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in these individuals are complex; they include histological damage to the small bowel epithelium; disaccharidase deficiency, bacterial contamination of the upper gut and a high incidence of intestinal infections and infestations. These all corroborate evidence for the well known synergism of nutrition and infection.
BREAST FEEDING AND THE PAEDIATRICIAN
Authors: ISBISTER CLAIR 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe paediatrician is in a favoured position in many ways. Our speciality concerns the whole child from conception. We are aware of the human relationships within families, most of all the mother‐child relationship, and we see the effect of cultural change on the rearing of children.A study of maternal attitudes to breast feeding and reasons for failure is presented. It appears that most women are willing to start breast feeding, but if they encounter problems, particularly in the maternity hospital, and wean before 6 weeks, they are unlikely to try again. It is therefore in this period that every effort should be made to provide competent help and education for primiparous women. The paediatrician can with advantage become involved in education in preparation for parenthood, the training of nurses, establishing co‐operation with obstetricians, and in supervising and updating hospital routines, for which some suggestions are made.The baby's own parents and human milk have scientifically proven advantages; they should not be abandoned because of the failure of a minority, but rather assisted professionally to succeed.
IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF LYMPHOCYTES FROM CHILDREN WITH PRENATAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
Authors: GIBAS HALINA , HAYES KATHLEEN 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSIS In vitro response of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was normal or above normal in 9 children with prenatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and in 2 infants with early postnatal CMV infection.Increased activity of unstimulated lymphocytes was found in some infants with prenatal CMV, and in both infants with postnatal CMV. However, lymphocytes of some control infants also showed this phenomenon, which was common in the first 2 months of life, and was not found after 6 months of age.
THE AGE OF MENARCHE IN SYDNEY SCHOOLGIRLS IN 1973 WITH COMMENT ON THE SECULAR TREND
Authors: MARDER K. , HARVEY J. , RUSSO P. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe age of menarche was investigated in a cross‐sectional sample of 840 girls aged 9 to 17 years attending state schools in Sydney in 1973. A probit analysis yielded a mean of 13.26 ± 0.069 yr with a standard deviation of 1.10 yr. Norms for onset of menstruation were estimated for girls 9 to 18 years in 6‐monthly intervals. The results were in close agreement with Melbourne data from Towns et al. (1966). A retrospective mean was also found (12.76 yr) which did not differ significantly from a recent similar analysis on Sydney schoolgirls by Harper and Collins (1972). A survey of recent overseas studies using probit analyses found a consensus in Western Europe of 13.0 to 13.4 yr although older and younger means are in evidence elsewhere. An examination of the evidence on a secular trend in menarche in Australia suggested the evidence was not sound enough to allow any positive statement.
THE USE OF MOTOR MILESTONES TO DETERMINE RETROSPECTIVELY THE CLINICAL ONSET OF DISEASE
Authors: PEARN J. H. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe technique of determining a child's age when clinical disease is first manifest is described formally. Single or selected motor milestones are used in a manner different from that encompassing general developmental testing to formulate age for diagnostic or prospective use. By the use of such motor milestones, together with appropriate frequency distribution curves and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease in question, objective data can be collected which is not obtainable by other means. Its use is of particular relevance to the clinical management of infants and children who are known to be at risk from genetically determined neuromuscular disease of all types; and to nosological research in paediatrics. The method is of special value clinically in the management of those diseases whose prognosis is correlated with the child's age when clinical onset of the disease first becomes manifest.
THE USE OF A CARBOHYDRATE‐FREE FEEDING FORMULA IN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC DIARRHOEA
Authors: GRACEY M. , HENDERSON R. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA newly devised carbohydrate‐free feeding fromula (CF1, Nestlé) was used in 48 Aboriginalinfants and children with malnutrition and diarrhoeal illnesses. It was effective in rapidly reducing diarrhoea in most patients, and in some requiring intravenous feeding it was a useful additional source of calories. Such a formula should prove useful in malnourished children with diarrhoea, and a simple, standardized regime is put forward for trial in ares where medical and nursing supervision are in short supply.
JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PRESENTING AS TORTICOLLIS
Authors: ROBINSON M. J. , BARTLETT JOHN 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISInvolvement of the cervical spine may be the first manifestation of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. This occurred in 2 out of 105 patients with thisdisease at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne; both presented astorticollis.
Morphological Development of The Lung: A Review
Authors: ALCORN D. G. , ALEXANDER I. G. S. , MALONEY J. E. , RITCHIE B. C. , WALKER A. M. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThis literature review compares the developing lung structure of several mammalian species and identifies those features which are common at birth. Potential air‐conducting structures are formed early in gestation with the bronchial tree being developed well before the alveoli and gas exchanging structures. The distal pulmonary epithelium differentiates into alveolar type I and II cells whilst capillaries proliferate in the pulmonary mesenchyme. Late in gestation structures similar in shape to adult alveoli form and potential gas exchanging areas are detectable. Cell inclusions associated with the production of pulmonary surfactant develop during the latter part of gestation and are abundant at term. Whilst the relative rates of development of these pulmonary structures vary between species, the lung has a common fundamental architecture at birth.
TEMPORARY RESOLUTION OF GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE WITH CYTOTOXIC THERAPY
Authors: KEIPERT J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISGeographic tongue had been present prior to the development of lymphosarcoma in a boy aged 7 years. The lymphosarcoma was treated with cyclical courses of cytotoxic therapy (M.O.P.P.), consisting of nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisolone, with initial remission, but later recurrence. Remission and recurrence of the geographic tongue occurred in a cyclical fashion, and could be correlated with courses of MOPP. This association has not apparently been described.These changes are documented, and the possible causes of this phenomenon are considered, but the multiple components of MOPP make it difficult to ascribe the changes to one component or function of therapy.
Extreme Hypernatraemia in a Child Receiving Gastrostomy Feeding
Authors: HOWMAN‐GILES R. H. , ROY L. P. 
Published: March 2008

Howman‐Giles, R. H. and Roy, L. P. (1976).
Aust. paediat. J., 12, 167–170. Extreme hypernatraemia in a child receiving gastrostomy feeding. A 2‐year 7‐month‐old child with oesophageal atresia developed extreme hypernatraemic dehydration after being given hyperosmolar feedings in a fixed volume via gastrostomy. His thirst had been met by increasing his sham oral intake and no water was added to gastrostomy feeds.When medical intervention removes a patient's ability to respond normally to homeostatic demands, hypernatraemic dehydration must be anticipated and those caring for the patient instructed how to correct this deficiency. The parents of a child with a long‐standing gastrostomy must be aware of the need to make appropriate corrections to the feedings in response to the child's indication of hunger or thirst.
Growth and Development of Fat in Adolescent School Children in Victoria: Part 2. Influence of Ethnic, Geographic and Socio‐Economic Factors
Authors: COURT J. M. , DUNLOP MARJORIE , REYNOLDS M. , RUSSELL J. , GRIFFITHS LEONIE 
Published: March 2008

Court, J. M., Dunlop, Marjorie, Reynolds, M., Russell, J. and Griffiths, Leonie (1976).
Aust. paediat. J., 12, 305–312. Growth and development of fat in adolescent school children in Victoria. Part II. Influence of ethnic, geographic and socio‐economic factors.Data from the survey of growth attainment of 5347 Victorian school children aged 11 to 18 years has been analysed to determine the influence of ethnic, geographic and socio‐economic factors on measurements of height, weight and skin‐fold thickness.Children living in the country tended to be taller than those living in the metropolitan area of Melbourne, and were slimmer as measured by skinfold thickness.Second generation Australian boys were taller than boys from families in which one or both parents had migrated to Australia. The same was true for girls until the age of 15 years.Skinfold thickness measurements from children with Italian or Greek born parents were greater than second generation Australian children, most of whose families came originally from the U.K.The effect of socio‐economic factors on growth could not be assessed from this study because of overlap of the variables studied. It was concluded however that both ethnic and geographic factors were independently related to growth in height and body fat.
Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice in Chinese, Malay and Indian Infants
Authors: TAN K. L. 
Published: March 2008

Tan, K. L. (1976). Aust. paediat. J. 12, 43–46. Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice in Chinese, Malay and Indian infants. The effectiveness of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice was compared in three closely matched groups of Chinese, Malay and Indian infants. Reduction in bilirubin levels was achieved in all three groups, and no significant difference was demonstrated among them.Phototherapy appears to be equally effective in reducing bilirubin levels in Chinese, Malay and Indian infants.
SOME ASPECTS OF PARASITIC GASTROENTERITIS OF SHEEP.*
Authors: McL. Gordon Hugh 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The nature of parasitic gastro‐enteritis of sheep is discussed from a number of aspects.The necessity is stressed for the separation of “parasitic gastro‐enteritis” into various disease entities before it is possible to understand its pathogenesis, treatment and prevention.The more important gastro‐intestinal helminthiases of sheep in Australia are discussed as to reasons for their importance, symptomatology, epidemiological considerations with special reference to seasonal occurrence, and diagnosis.The less important parasites are discussed briefly.The extent and significance of parasitic gastro‐enteritis in sheep in Australia is examined with comments on the number of sheep involved and the nature and range of losses which may occur.The effects of sub‐clinical levels of infestation are discussed and their general contribution to unthriftiness in sheep is stressed.The influence of the complex effects of parasitic infestations and the variations in their intensity from year to year combine to make for inefficiency of intermittent control measures and necessitate continuous control measures based on epidemiological information.Some information is presented on the costs of control measures, chiefly regarding costs of anthelminties. The cost of an “epidemiological” plan of treatment is given.The uses, testing and efficiency of anthelmintics are discussed with emphasis on preventive or strategic use as opposed to curative use.The application o f anthelmintics for greatest preventive effect depends on epidemiological information to determine the strategic and tactical timing of treatments. Results of trials of anthelmintics under outbreak conditions are presented to place the value of anthelmintics in proper perspective.Preventive measures are considered in the light of indications for points of attack in the life‐cycle and with regard for difficulties in early diagnosis and complex seasonal fluctuations in parasite populations.Long term plans may be necessary for some parasitic diseases, notably oesophagos‐tomiasis due to Oe. columbianum.A knowledge of the ways in which resistance may be influenced is capable of making a large contribution to the development of control measures, despite the absence of precise understanding of the mechanism of resistance.The special case of the “Self‐Cure” phenomenon is discussed further and doubt is cast oil the hypothesis suggested in a previous paper (Gordon, 1948a).
THE TOXICITY OF ATALAYA HEMIGLAUCA (“Whitewood”) FOR HORSES
Authors: Murnane D. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Experiments were carried out in which nine horses were given in their daily ration the dried leaves and dried fruit of Atalaya hentiglauca at several dose rates.The horses were born and bred in Victoria and the plant material was collected in the Kimberley district of Western Australia.Up to 190 lb. of dlried leaves were consumed over a period of approximately six months without the production of toxic effects. The dried fruit when consumed in quantities as small as 0.5 oz. daily proved lethal in 179 days.A higher dose rate of the dried fruit proved lethal in a shorter time, The highest dose rate was 6 oz. daily which proved lethal in three days, after 1 lb. 2 oz. had been consumed.Although the fruit of the plant was found to be highly toxic to horses the results of the experiment did not reveal what, if any, association there play be between the consumption of the plant and the occurrence of Kimberley horse disease.
THE VALUE OF THE ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES MALATHION AND DIAZINON FOR THE PROTECTION OF SHEEP AGAINST BODY STRIKE.1
Authors: Riches J. H. , O'Sullivan P. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe efficiency of the organic phosphorus insecticides, malathion and diazinon, in protecting sheep against body‐strike by Lucilia cuprina, under semi‐field conditions, was evaluated in comparison with aldrin, dieldrin and BHC.The insecticides were applied by jetting to that area of the sheep on which the majority of body‐strikes originate, namely a strip about 12 inches wide from just in front of the withers to the butt of the tail. Care was always taken to saturate the wool down to the skin.Efficiency was measured weekly by placing 2–300 freshly hatched blow‐fly larvae on the skin of the treated portion of the experimental animals and checking survival rates 24 hours later. A treatment was considered to have lost its efficiency when larvae survived for 24 hours on two separate occasions on 50 per cent. of the sheep.Malathion at concentrations of 0.05 per cent., 0.1 per cent. and 0.25 per cent. was efficient for 7, 8 to 9 and 10 weeks respectively. Aldrin and dieldrin at the same concentrations were efficient for 11 to 18 weeks.In one experiment diazinon at a concentration of 0.008 per cent. was effective for 23 weeks and at 0.04 per cent. for 33 weeks whereas aldrin at 0.05 per cent. lost its efficiency after 9 weeks. In a second experiment performed during a period of high summer rainfall (35.56 inches in 18 weeks) diazinon at 0.02 per cent. gave protection for only 16–18 weeks and dieldrin at 0.025 per cent. for 7–9 weeks. In this experiment no difference in the efficiency of either insecticide could be detected in sheep with wool 3/4 to inches, 1 3/4 to 2 inches or 2 1/2 to 3 inches in length.The results showed that a concentration of not less than 0.02 per cent. diazinon would probably be necessary under field conditions to prevent body‐strike for long periods during which high rainfall occurs.
TRANQUILLISERS IN VETERINARY PRACTICE
Authors: H.D.A. H. R. Spira. B.V.SC. 
Published: March 2008

summaryThe value and uses of tranquillisers have been discussed as they apply to the field of small animal medicine.Comparison has been made in the use of tranquillisers and narcotic and sedative drugs in premedication to anaesthesia as well as between tranquillising agents and barbiturate anaesthetics in the sedation of small animal patients.
NEONATAL MORTALITY IN LAMBS ASSOCIATED WITH GOITRE
Authors: Setchell B. P. , Dickinson D. A. , Lascelles A. K. , Bonner R. B. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryEnlarged thyroids up to 100 g were found on three properties in the Crookwell district of New South Wales in new‐born lambs which died within a few days of birth. A decrease in thyroid iodine concentration and a retardation in the osseous maturity were found in many of these lambs. Histologically, the thyroids showed colloid goitres. This was associated on two of the properties with a 30% loss of lambs in the first few days after birth.Some increase in thyroid size could be detected in clinically normal lambs.None of the known goitrogenic plants was known to have been eaten by the ewes, which had grazed largely on subterranean clover and rye grass.
CRITICAL AND CONTROLLED LABORATORY TRIALS IN SHEEP WITH TETRAMISOLE
Authors: Hart J. A. , Curr C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCritical and controlled anthelmintic tests were carried out using tetramisole hydrochloride per os against adult and immature gastro‐entestinal nematodes of sheep.The drug was highly effective against adult Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia spp, Trichostrongylus axei, intestinal Trichostrongylus spp, Nematodirus spp, Oesophagostomum columbi‐anum and Chabertia ovina, and against 5th stage worms of the two latter species, at 10 mg/kg bodyweight and above. Efficiency against Trichuris ovis ranged from 67 to 100% at 20 mg/kg.A dose rate of 10 mg/kg was 98 to 100% effective against 14‐day old H. contortus and T. axei, and against both 7‐day and 14‐day old intestinal Trichostrongylus spp infections, but a rate of 15 mg/kg was required for high activity against 14‐day old Ostertagia spp. Seven‐day old infections of H. contortus, T. axei and particularly Ostertagia spp were more resistant, and drug activity was variable at a dose rate of 15 mg/kg.Tetramisole would appear to have good activity against 7‐day and 14‐day old larvae of O. columbianum at 15 mg/kg in lambs in which the development of this species tended to be retarded.
METHOXYCHLOR RESIDUES IN THE MEAT AND MILK OF CATTLE FOLLOWING LIMITED APPLICATIONS OF METHOXYCHLOR FOR THE CONTROL OF BUFFALO FLY (HAEMATOBIA EX1GVA)
Authors: Hurwood I. S. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCattle were treated either on the neck and withers or on the backline with limited volumes of methoxychlor aqueous emulsion at concentrations up to 2.0% to simulate field control measures against the buffalo fly (Haematobia exigua). The persistence and the potential for accumulation of residual methoxychlor in the fat of treated animals and its excretion in milk were examined following different methods of pesticide application.Methoxychlor residues persisted in fatty tissues for at least 21 days after a single spray application while levels of the order of 1.0–1.5 ppm methoxychlor occurred 15 days after exposure. Where animals were exposed to multiple treatments, at intervals of 21 days, accumulation was of a low order and cumulative residues did not exceed the concentration of 3.0 ppm permitted in the United States of America. The application of pesticide by painting resulted in a higher concentration of methoxychlor in fat than that obtained from spray application of similar volumes. No excessive localised accumulation of methoxychlor occurred immediately below the treated areas.A maximum concentration of 0.46 ppm methoxychlor was found in milk taken 2 days after exposure. More than four‐fifths of the total excretion of methoxychlor in milk occurred within six days following treatment. At the end of a 30‐day post treatment period, levels of methoxychlor were in excess of 0.01 ppm.