bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF INSULIN ANTIBODIES IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Andersen O. Ortved , Brunfeldt K. , Abildgård F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for quantitative determination of the insulin binding capacity of human plasma.
In this method the insulin binding capacity of non-iodinated insulin is determined. The determination is not influenced by free or antibody bound plasma insulin in the concentrations usually found.
It is shown that under the condition used, equilibrium between free and antibody bound insulin is first attained after one week. It is also shown that repeated freezing and thawing of plasma results in a reduction of the insulin binding capacity.
Lower detection limit for antibody determination estimated as upper 95 % control limit for pig and ox insulin was found to be 32 and 25 μunits/ml, respectively.
INHIBITION OF LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE WITH SHEEP PROLACTIN DERIVATIVE (ANAPROLACTIN)
Authors: Kovaleva I. G. , Ryshka F. Y. , Dilman V. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An acute experiment involving the suppressing of the lipolytic activity of human growth hormone (HGH) with sheep acetyl prolactin has been carried out. The experiment is based on the similarity of the physicochemical properties of native sheep prolactin and human somatotrophin. The derivative obtained inhibits the lipolytic activity of HGH to the same extent as acetylated and iodinated human somatotrophin. Similarly modified albumin and casein appear to produce no inhibitory effect, thus revealing the specific character of the anti-hormonal effect of hormone derivatives obtained. There is good reason for believing that acetylated sheep prolactin (anaprolactin) is a competing anahormone. The data on three types of anahormones are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF OVARIECTOMY ON THE ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN ENZYMES IN THE FEMALE RAT HYPOTHALAMUS
Authors: Griffiths E. C. , Hooper K. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous work in the rabbit has shown that the activity of certain peptidases in the hypothalamus which inactivate oxytocin, changes with stimuli known to release gonadotrophins, and may be used as an index of gonadotrophin hormone release (Hooper 1966a,b, 1968; Frith & Hooper 1971a,b). Using this approach, a study was made of the activities of similar peptidases in the rat hypothalamus following ovariectomy, a condition known to cause gonadotrophin release. Enzyme activity in the supernatant fraction was found to decrease progressively with time after ovariectomy, until 42 days after operation, thereafter maintaining a level not significantly different from that at 42 days; there was no detectable difference in particulate enzyme activity after ovariectomy. An inverse relationship between supernatant enzyme activity and luteinizing hormone levels is suggested. It is concluded that a similar relationship to that in the rabbit exists between enzyme activity in the rat hypothalamus and the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor from the tissue.
SALT AND WATER METABOLISM AND NEUROHYPOPHYSEAL VASOPRESSOR ACTIVITY IN MICE WITH HEREDITARY NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Authors: Naik D. V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three genotypes of mice, VII Os/+, DI +/+ and DI Os/+, with nephrogenic (vasopressin resistant) diabetes insipidus (DI) are compared to a normal VII +/+ strain with respect to water intake, urine output, urine osmolality, urine sodium and potassium, and the extractable vasopressor (ADH) activity from the neurohypophysis. From the results obtained, it is confirmed that the severely diabetic DI Os/+ mice produce large volumes of dilute, hypotonic urine and have a 2½ fold vasopressor increase as compared to normal VII +/+ mice, whereas, the mildly diabetic VII Os/+ and DI +/+ stand in between the DI Os/+ and VII +/+ with intermediate volumes of hypertonic urine and a vasopressor increase of 1⅓ and 1½ fold respectively. Further, a parallelism between the severity of diabetes insipidus and increased vasopressor activity is demonstrated in this study.
The total excretion of sodium in the urine of VII Os/+ and DI Os/+ is higher than that of the VII +/+ and DI +/+ mice. This natriuresis is associated with Os gene and furthermore, its possible hypothalamic involvement is discussed. The increase of ADH in these hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus mice is a new syndrome and the possible role of other factors involved is discussed.
ULTRASTRUKTURELLE VERÄNDERUNGEN DER ZELLMEMBRAN, BASALMEMBRAN UND KAPILLARE BEI VERSCHIEDENEN FUNKTIONSZUSTÄNDEN DER MENSCHLICHEN SCHILDDRÜSE
Authors: Matthaes Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Apical and basal membranes of activated cells show definite increase in membrane potential. Microvilli are frequently encountered, pseudopodia representing macropinocytosis infrequently. The lateral cell border shows definite morphological criteria of intercellular metabolic exchange. Small ducts lined by microvilli are described and discussed as to their relation to lymphatics. The formation and desintegration of the basal membrane is determined by hormonal (TSH) stimulation and the state of activity of the cell. Intraepithelial capillaries occurring in the human thyroid are described. Polar differentiation analogous to other organs can be demonstrated here as well.
IODOAMINO ACID DISTRIBUTION IN THE THYROID OF RATS ON DIFFERENT IODINE INTAKES AND WITH NORMAL PLASMA PROTEIN BOUND IODINE
Authors: Lamas Luis , Morreale Gabriella , Escobar de 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Groups of rats were fed a low iodine diet, or the same diet supplemented with known amounts of iodine. About 2–3 weeks later radioiodine (*I) was injected and the rats were killed on the next day or at different daily intervals after »blocking« with KClO4 and withdrawal of I supplements. Most of the animals had normal thyroid weights and plasma PBI. A few groups of rats were in a mildly iodine deficient state. The patterns of *I and 127I distribution among thyroidal iodine containing compounds was determined. It was found that these patterns were not the same in all thyroids with normal weights. Thus the pattern changed slightly but gradually concomitantly with the iodine intake and/or the thyroidal iodine content: The M*IT/D*IT2)3), MIT/DIT and T3*/T4* ratios decreased as the iodine intake and/or thyroidal iodine content increased. A decrease in the thyroidal I stores after pre-labelling of the thyroidal I-containing compounds also resulted in the same changes in the *I distribution pattern. Normal thyroids containing the same amount of iodine have similar iodoamino acid composition. The present data show that the iodoamino acid composition of the normal thyroid is affected by the availability of iodine, though to a lesser degree than that of I-deficient glands.
EFFECT OF CALCITONIN ON THE REGENERATION OF A CIRCUMSCRIBED BONE DEFECT (BORED HOLE IN THE RAT TIBIA)
Authors: Ziegler R. , Delling G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 20 intact and 20 parathyroidectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats, holes with a diameter of 1.8 mm were bored into the proximal third of the tibia. Half the animals served as controls and received the vehicle, the remainder received daily subcutaneous injections of 100 MRCmU calcitonin in 5 % gelatin. Tetracycline labelling was performed weekly. 5 animals from each group were sacrificed after 3 weeks, the other 5 after 6 weeks. Nondecalcified ground sections through the center of the holes were evaluated with an integration ocular; the surface of the newly formed bone was compared with the original size of the defect. The course of the regeneration for the control animals was in agreement with previous data in the literature. Calcitonin treatment produced a distinct acceleration of the healing process. Presumably, the hormone does not only act via inhibition of bone resorption, but also by stimulating the activity of osteoblasts and by increasing the mineralization of the osteoid seams.
EFFECTS OF PARTIAL HYPOTHALAMIC DEAFFERENTATIONS ON ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSES
Authors: Feldman S. , Conforti N. , Chowers I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of ether stress and photic and acoustic stimulation on adrenocortical responses were studied in normal rats and in three groups of animals with partial hypothalamic anterior, anterolateral and posterolateral deafferentations, respectively. Animals with anterior deafferentation only, show the same responses as the intact rats, while in the two other groups the response to ether was normal, but that to photic and acoustic stimulation was significantly inhibited. These data would indicate that the transmission of impulses in the medial forebrain bundle and possibly posterior sensory inputs to the hypothalamus play an important role in the adrenocortical responses following neurogenic stimulation.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Emment Yvonne , Collins William P. , Sommerville Ian F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simple method for the determination of oestrone and oestradiol in human plasma is described and evaluated in terms of theoretical and practical errors. The oestrogens are separated on columns of Sephadex LH 20 and, after equilibration with antiserum, the unbound steroid is removed with dextran-coated charcoal. The mean total random theoretical error is calculated to be 22 %; the coefficients of variation of replicate analyses on pooled female plasma were from 13–18 % for both steroids; in male plasma the values were 17 % for oestradiol and 27 % for oestrone. The concentrations of oestradiol, expressed in pg/ml ± sd) in samples collected from healthy women during the menstrual cycle were 69 ± 56 (days 1–10); 126 ± 66 (days 11–20) and 99 ± 54 (days 21–30). Corresponding values for oestrone were 119 ± 46, 156 ± 41 and 156 ± 27.
MATURATION OF THE FOETAL AND NEONATAL PROSTATE IN CASES WITH LOW MATERNAL OESTRIOL LEVELS
Authors: Zondek Lilly H. , Zondek Theodor 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The prostates of 8 foetuses and neonates with a maternal history of low oestriol levels have been examined and the findings have been compared with those of 34 controls. The appearances of maturation in the prostate, i. e. squamous metaplasia, proliferation of tubule epithelium and secretion did not differ significantly from those in the controls. This was in contrast to our previous observations in the prostates of 8 anencephalic monsters where the maternal oestriol is usually also at a low level. These cases showed a considerable or even excessive degree of squamous metaplasia, as well as diminished proliferation of tubule epithelium and diminished or even absent secretion in all but one case. The significance of these findings has been discussed.
EFFECT OF CONSTANT LIGHT AND ANDROGEN-STERILIZATION ON THE AMINE TURNOVER OF THE TUBERO-INFUNDIBULAR DOPAMINE NEURONS: BLOCKADE OF CYCLIC ACTIVITY AND INDUCTION OF A PERSISTENT HIGH DOPAMINE TURNOVER IN THE MEDIAN EMINENCE
Authors: Fuxe K. , Hökfelt T. , Nilsson O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The dopamine (DA) turnover in the median eminence and in the neostriatum in the rat has been studied during the normal ovarian cycle, in rats exposed to constant light and in androgen-sterilized rats treated with the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor α-methyl-tyrosine-methylester. The rate of depletion of DA provides an estimation of the turnover and this can be evaluated semi-quantitatively by means of the highly sensitive and specific histochemical fluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp for the demonstration of catecholamines (CA).
The results reveal cyclic turnover changes in the tubero-infundibular DA neurons during the ovarian cycle but not in the neostriatal DA neurons. The turnover is decreased during pro-oestrus and early oestrus. In the persistent oestrous rats, whether induced by constant light or by neonatal steroid treatment, no cyclic changes in DA turnover in the median eminence occurred. The turnover remained at a constant high level in these rats, similar to that found in dioestrus of normal cycling rats. The high oestrogen secretion in persistent oestrous rats was probably responsible for the high DA turnover, since in these rats castration caused a marked reduction in the DA turnover. Testosterone and oestrogen caused a dosedependent increase in DA turnover in the median eminence in androgensterilized castrated rats. The DA neurons of the androgen-sterilized castrated rats were found to be somewhat less sensitive to treatment with oestrogen than those of normal castrated rats.
The present results support the view that the tubero-infundibular DA neurons participate in the inhibition of the cyclic release of LHRF and FSHRF from the median eminence and that the inhibitory feed-back action of oestrogen and testosterone is partly mediated via an increase in DA turnover and release in the median eminence, resulting in inhibition of LHRF and-FSHRF release.
EFFECTS OF 8-LYSINE-VASOPRESSIN AND SYNTHETIC ANALOGUES ON RELEASE OF ACTH
Authors: Andersson K.-E. , Arner B. , Hedner P. , Mulder J. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two synthetic analogues of vasopressin, [N-α-triglycyl-8-lysine]-vasopressin (GVP) and [1-deamino-8-D-arginine]-vasopressin (DDAVP), with a pronounced and long-lasting pressor and antidiuretic action respectively, were given to healthy volunteers in order to investigate whether the ACTH-releasing ability of vasopressin, reflected by plasma cortisol increase, is related to its pressor or to its antidiuretic effect. The effecti'veness of 3 different intravenous doses of [8-lysine]-vasopressin (LVP) in causing release of ACTH was also studied, and the responses compared with that caused by LVP given intramuscularly, the usually recommended route of administration. The lowest dose of LVP used in this study, 1 μg (0.25 IU) intravenously, caused a significant change of plasma cortisol. Doses of GVP with a pressor effect comparable to that of 8 μg of LVP did not affect the plasma cortisol level significantly in spite of obvious pressor effects. Nor did DDAVP in doses which should exert a maximal antidiuretic effect (4 and 16 μg) increase the plasma cortisol level. In 2 out of 10 subjects, 40 μg of LVP (10 IU) given intramuscularly failed to give a rise in plasma cortisol exceeding 5μg/100 ml, which is generally required for regarding the response as normal, and also 16 μg (4 IU) of LVP intravenously failed to produce a response reaching this level in 1 out of 12 subjects.
It is concluded that the ACTH-releasing ability of vasopressin is neither associated with its pressor nor with its antidiuretic action. The finding that normal subjects can have a low response to vasopressin reduces its value for testing the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary – adrenocortical system.
TRANSFORMATION OF CORTICOSTERONE IN THE FOETAL AND PLACENTAL COMPARTMENTS OF THE RAT
Authors: Roy S. , Pasqualini J. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
3H-Corticosterone was administered subcutaneously in vivo and in situ to 32 rat foetuses at 16–18 days of gestation. 30 min after the injection, 11% of the administered dose was localized in the liver tissue, 5% in the lungs, 3% in the intestines and 5% in the placenta. The foetal tissues were separated into different subcellular fractions: I) nucleo-fibrillar, II) mitochondrial-microsomal, and III) cytosol. It was observed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized in all three of these subcellular fractions. The following metabolites were identified in a radiochemically pure form: 11-dehydrocorticosterone, 5α-dihydrocorticosterone, tetrahydrocorticosterone, 5α-tetrahydrocorticosterone. Quantitative evaluation of the corticosterone metabolites showed that the greatest part of these steroids consisted of dihydro- and tetrahydrocorticosterone derivatives, principally with a 5α configuration.
In the liver tissues, 0.5 % of the radioactive material was found in a conjugated form, mainly as ester sulphates. The radioactive material liberated after solvolysis of these conjugates was tentatively identified as corticosterone, 5α-dihydrocorticosterone and 5α-tetrahydrocorticosterone.
CIRCADIAN VARIATIONS IN PLASMA PROGESTERONE IN THE LUTEAL PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Runnebaum B. , Rieben W. , Münstermann A.-M. Bierwirth-v. , Zander J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serial plasma progesterone determinations were performed by gas-liquid chromatography in healthy women during 24 hour periods during the luteal phase of the cycle and during pregnancy. In 10 women during the hyperthermic phase of the cycle and in 14 women during early pregnancy (week 8–18) no significant circadian variation in the peripheral plasma progesterone concentration was observed. During later pregnancy (week 20–41) in 15 women, a statistically significant rise in the plasma progesterone concentration, usually from 8.00 a.m. until between 4.00 and 8.00 p. m. followed by a decrease after 8.00 p. m. until between 4.00 and 8.00 a. m., was demonstrated. The data indicate a diurnal change in the peripheral plasma progesterone level during the last trimester of pregnancy.
EFFECT OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE ON CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN NORMAL FEMALES
Authors: Reinke U. , Ansah B. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In continuation of previous investigations on hormonal contraception (Seng et al. 1969) and on gestation and the puerperium (Becker et al. 1971) in 10 female volunteers with no apparent endocrinological disturbances various parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were determined on days 7–9, at least on three consecutive days during ovulation, and on days 23–25 during the corpus luteum phase of the menstrual cycle. The concentration of glucose, pyruvate and lactate as well as glycerol, glycerid-glycerol, free fatty acids, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate in the blood were analyzed and the data obtained to basal temperature measurements, total oestrogen excretion values and blood progesterone levels. Only during the luteal phase, i. e. at the highest progesterone levels was a statistically significant increase of free fatty acids found in the blood, accompanied by a distinct but not significant rise in free glycerol. None of the other parameters measured showed any statistically significant correlations to the various phases of the menstrual cycle. The importance of the increase in free fatty acids on the sequence of events observed at the corpus luteum phase under hormonal contraception and during late gestation is discussed.
GESCHLECHTS- UND ALTERSABHÄNGIGE ENTWICKLUNG DER AKTIVITÄTSMUSTER VON ENZYMEN DES STEROIDHORMON-STOFFWECHSELS IN DER RATTENLEBER NACH NEONATALEM EINGRIFF IN DIE SEXUELLE DIFFERENZIERUNG
Authors: Schriefers Herbert , Hoff Hanns-Georg , Ghraf Rüdiger , Ockenfels Heinrich 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of a single injection of 300 μg oestradiol-benzoate (OeB) or 1.25 mg testosterone-propionate (TP) shortly after birth (day 2 or 4 of life) on the age dependent and sex-specific development of the activity patterns of some liver enzymes involved in steroid metabolism (Δ4-5α-hydrogenase, steroid-hydroxylases, 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteriod-dehydrogenase and 20-keto-reductase) was studied in male and female rats.
Female animals: The single neonatal injection of OeB or TP (day 2 or 4 of life) causes the mature animals to exhibit the typical morphological alterations of ovaries, uterus and adrenals. However, no effect on the sex-specific development of the activity patterns of the above mentioned enzymes could be observed, indicating that this treatment with TP cannot abolish the basic tendency of female livers to develop feminine activity patterns. This must be attributed to the antagonizing action of endogenous oestrogens.
Male animals: A single injection of OeB on day 2 of life produces persistent feminization of enzyme activity patterns in mature animals. The development with age (day 30–180 of life) of the activities of particular enzymes is in every phase nearly or completely identical with that of sexually normal developed females.
When TP is applied on day 2 of life, there is in no instance a complete adjustment of the enzyme activity to a female level, although some tendency to feminization is observed. However, 20-keto-reductase activity remains unchanged at the male level. If OeB is applied on day 4 of life the Δ4-5α-hydrogenase and the steroid-hydroxylases are the only enzymes whose activities show a considerable trend towards feminization.
APPARENT HETEROGENEITY OF SERUM CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN ON GEL FILTRATION
Authors: Hambley Judy , Grant D. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pregnancy sera, cord sera and placental homogenates were applied to Sephadex G-100 and the human chorionic somatomammotrophin (HCS) concentrations in the eluates were estimated by radioimmunoassay. Two HCS peaks were obtained when maternal serum or placental homogenates were used. The minor component, representing 0.5% – 3.0% of the total HCS recovered, appeared to have a molecular weight of about 45 000 and the major component a molecular weight of 21 500. The two HCS components were found under a variety of conditions and it appears that a small proportion of serum HCS may be in a dimeric form.
EXCRETION OF STEROID HORMONES IN AN ANENCEPHALIC NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: Eneroth Peter , Ferngren Harry , Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Ivemark Björn , Stenberg Åke 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The steroid hormone excretion in an anencephalic foetus was studied by analysis of steroids in the meconium and urine. The meconium (14.3 g) contained about 2.7 mg of isomers of pregnane-3,20-diol, pregnane-3,16,20-triol and pregnane-3,20,21-triol. 1.7 ml of urine was collected from 24 h after birth of the foetus until death at 52 h of age. The following steroids were identified in the urine after hydrolysis with enzymes of Helix pomatia: 3α,6α-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one; 3β,6α-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one; 16α-hydroxy-5α1 and 5β2-pregnane-3,20-dione; 6α-hydroxy-5β-pregnane-3,20-dione; 3ξ,15ξ-dihydroxy-5ξ-pregnan-20-one; 16β, 20β-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-3-one and 1ξ,3ξ,16ξ-trihydroxy-5ξ-pregnan-20-one. Qualitatively the differences between these steroid profiles of meconium and urine from the corresponding profiles of normal newborns were mainly the following:
the absence of 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid excretion in the anencephalic foetus; the presence of 3-oxo-5α(and 5β)-steroids in the urine of the anencephalic foetus.
The results of the present investigation are in agreement with the view that during the neonatal period, 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroids are mainly synthesized in the foetal adrenal cortex.
THE ACTION OF AN ORAL HIGH-DOSED OESTROGEN-PROGESTAGEN COMBINATION ON THE HUMAN BREAST
Authors: Erb H. , Kallenberger A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of a high-dosage combined hormonal preparation (5 mg lynestrenol + 0.15 mg mestranol per tablet) on the breast tissue of 12 women aged 22–56 years, who received this preparation during 2–12 menstrual cycles, was investigated. The parameters studied were the histological findings, sex chromatin content, DNA content and karyotypes.
The histological findings showed a preponderance of adenosis in the hormone treated groups and there were significantly fewer cases of cystic disease than in the control group. Neither the incidence of sex chromatin nor the DNA diagrams revealed irregularities indicative of possible precancerous changes. Chromosomal analysis of primary epithelial outgrowth in short term culture was successful in 7 out of 11 explants and yielded exclusively normal karyotypes.
The results support the view that the administration of a combined hormone preparation with a relatively high progestagen content does not induce an increased incidence of fibrocystic disease or fibroadenoma nor does it result in premalignant cytological or cytogenetic alterations.