bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREGNANETRIOLONE EXCRETION IN STEIN-LEVENTHAL SYNDROME
Authors: Travaglini P. , Faglia G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Detectable amounts of pregnanetriolone were found in urines of 19 out of 20 women with clinical and histopathological evidence of the Stein-Leventhal syndrome.
Twelve subjects were studied after ACTH, dexamethasone, and dexamethasone plus HCG administration.
Pregnanetriolone excretion rose after ACTH infusion and fell after dexamethasone administration in all the patients.
The combined administration of HCG and dexamethasone caused a significant increase in pregnanetriolone output in 8 out of 12 women.
The combined administration of lynestrenol and mestranol in 4 HCG responsive patients, induced a decrease in pregnanetriolone excretion.
After wedge resection, urinary pregnanetriolone was not detectable in 3 out of 7 patients.
These data confirm the diagnostic importance of this compound in the evaluation of Stein-Leventhal syndrome and suggest the existence of two types of Stein-Leventhal syndrome (with respect to pregnanetriolone excretion) i. e. responsive and non responsive to HCG, and demonstrate that the ovary may be a source of 21-deoxycortisol.
EFFECT OF ADRENALINE AND ACETYLCHOLINE ON THE HISTOCHEMISTRY AND VOLUME OF ADRENAL MEDULLA OF RAT
Authors: Boseila A-W. A. , Badawy Y. H. , Tarkhan A. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By means of a modified chromaffin reaction, the adrenal glands of albino rats were studied microscopically and their medullary volumes determined planimetrically and graphically following the administration of adrenaline or acetylcholine. The animals receiving single or consecutive adrenaline injections showed an increase in the intensity of the chromaffin reaction and higher values of medullary volume. These findings could be due to a decrease in catccholamine secretion as a result of their increased level in the circulation. The animals receiving acetylcholine, presented, after 12 hours, a decrease in the intensity of the chromaffin reaction and vacuolization of the cytoplasm as well as lower values of the medullary volume. These findings are probably due to a decrease in the catecholamine content of the gland, or to a decrease in the blood flow resulting from the direct vasoconstricting action of the released medullary catecholamines. Three days later, the intensity of the chromaffin reaction was increased while the cytoplasmic vacuolization was less conspicuous. Six days after the injection, the intensity of the chromaffin reaction had returned to normal.
EFFECTS OF OESTROGENS UPON GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS IN THE UTERUS OF RATS
Authors: Kofoed Jorge A. , Houssay Alberto B. , Tocci Antonio A. , Curbelo Halina M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Isolation and caracterization of glycosaminoglycans were performed in uteri and salivary glands of castrated and normal female rats and in castrated female rats receiving daily doses of 1 or 10 μg of oestradiol benzoate. The uronic acid concentration in the uterus was increased by castration and decreased by the administration of oestradiol benzoate but due to the changes in uterine weight the uronic acid content of each uterus was decreased by castration and increased by oestradiol benzoate. Chromatographic separation of glycosaminoglycans was performed on cellulose microcolumns. The concentration of each glycosaminoglycan fraction was increased by castration and decreased by oestradiol benzoate. No changes in the uronic acid concentration or total glandular content or in the chromatographic distribution of the fractions were found in the parotid, submaxillary or retrolingual glands.
EXERCISE AS A SCREENING TEST FOR GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE
Authors: Buckler J. M. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serial exercise experiments on the same male subject and subsequent standard exercise studies on 8 men showed that it was possible to predict the timing of the output of growth hormone (GH) which resulted from exercise of sufficient severity in these normal subjects. On the basis of these observations single blood samples taken 25–30 minutes after the start of a short period of moderately severe exercise were found to contain elevated levels of GH in 89% of normal male and female subjects tested. It is suggested that this could serve as a method of screening for ability to release GH which would avoid the necessity for the usual more complex procedures.
INTERACTION OF 3H-OESTRADIOL WITH ANTERIOR PITUITARY NUCLEI IN A CELL-FREE SYSTEM
Authors: Friend Jerry P. , Leavitt Wendell W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake and retention of 3H-oestradiol by the nuclear fraction of pituitary homogenate was dependent on factors present in the 800 g-supernatant fraction. The binding of 3H-oestradiol by the nuclear fraction was competitively inhibited by unlabelled oestradiol. The nuclear fraction retained different amounts of 3H-oestradiol following incubation at 4°C, 23°C and 37°C. Significant binding occurred at each temperature, and the rate of uptake was greatest at 37°C. Radioactivity was released rapidly from the nuclear fraction at 37°C, and this could be prevented by lowering the temperature. These studies revealed that there is a cytoplasmic component as well as a temperature-dependent release mechanism which controls oestradiol uptake and retention by the nuclear fraction. Evidence was obtained indicating that the cytoplasmic component is tissue specific.
STUDIES ON A NON-MELATONIN PINEAL ANTI-GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Benson Bryant , Matthews Mary Jane , Rodin Alvin E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Continuing investigation of pineal gland function indicates that the anti-gonadotrophic activity of this organ cannot be attributed solely to the postulated hormone melatonin, the concentration of which is negligible in the pineal body compared to quantities required to produce unequivocal physiological effects. A non-melatonin antigonadotrophic substance recently isolated from bovine pineal glands was further purified by organic solvent extraction, ultrafiltration and gel filtration. Studies of partial blockage of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in unilaterally ovariectomized Charles River CD-1 mice indicated that this substance is significantly more potent than melatonin in this test system.
THE EFFECTS OF GONADOTROPHINS ON THE GRANULOSA CELLS OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL
Authors: Dahl Erik 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The fine structure of ovarian granulosa cells as seen after the administration of gonadotrophins to the domestic fowl is described. The main cytoplasmic changes of the granulosa cells were increase in the size of the Golgi apparatus, increased amount of granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum, dense bodies, increased number of mitochondria, the presence of annular desmosomes and enlargement of the cells. The alterations observed are consistent with hypertrophy of the granulosa cells.
In comparison with previous investigations on the steroid-producing cells of the corresponding follicles under exactly the same experimental conditions, the present study indicates that the steroid-producing cells of the theca interna primarily seem to be the main target for the effect of gonadotrophins. The locally increased amount of steroids then initiate the early growth of the granulosa cells and the oocyte. Later on, when the granulosa cells have proliferated to form a spherical mass with the ovum at the center, the gonadotrophins also exert their influence on the granulosa cells. Thus gonadotrophin per se is not essential for the early growth of the granulosa cells.
THYROID FUNCTION IN RATS ADMINISTERED EXCESS IODIDE
Authors: Liewendahl K. , Niskanen E. , Gordin A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of excess iodide on the histology and function of the thyroid were studied in rats. A slight increase in thyroid weight and minimal histological alterations were observed. The thyroid function of rats was studied by measuring the serum total and free thyroxine. Excess iodide did not significantly change the concentration of thyroid hormone in the serum and signs of hypothyroidism were not seen. Thus, rats were capable of adaptation to chronic administration of large amounts of iodide. A slight increase in the serum thyrotrophin after prolonged ingestion of excess iodide was measured with both bioassay and radioimmunoassay techniques. The possible role of thyrotrophin in the mechanism of escape from the transient inhibition of iodide on thyroid hormone synthesis is discussed.
INTERDAILY VARIATION IN PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF 11-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS
Authors: Binder Chr. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The interdaily variation in plasma concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) between 7.30 and 8.30 a. m. was studied in 63 patients in a general medical ward. When tested against the analytical error in every single case it was found that 44 out of 63 patients showed a significant difference between three consecutive morning values. The maximal difference varied from 2.6 to 24 μg 11-OHCS per 100 ml plasma.
INHIBITORY ACTION OF CORTISONE ON TESTOSTERONE-INDUCED GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE, THE DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN CASTRATED ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Tisell Lars-Eric 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The weight and histology of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles were studied in castrated non-adrenalectomized male rats after sixteen days of daily injections of testosterone propionate and in castrated adrenalectomized rats after daily injections of testosterone propionate alone or in combination with cortisone. Testosterone propionate was given in daily doses of 0.020 mg and cortisone in daily doses of 1 mg, 3 mg or 9 mg.
Testosterone alone induced a less pronounced growth of the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles in castrated non-adrenalectomized than in castrated adrenalectomized rats, suggesting an inhibitory effect of adrenal steroids on the action of testosterone. Cortisone which has a weak androgenic effect when given alone, partially counteracted the testosterone induced growth of the accessory reproductive organs in castrated adrenalectomized rats.
CYCLISCHE SCHWANKUNGEN DER AKTIVITÄTEN VON HYDROXYSTEROID-DEHYDROGENASEN IM CORPUS LUTEUM DES RINDES
Authors: Brandau H. , Brandau L. , Mutzke G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the bovine corpora lutea periodical activities of the Δ53β-, 3β-, 17β-and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (OHSDH) as well as activities of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate- and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were measured quantitatively and the alterations throughout the different stages of the cycle were studied. After homogenization of the tissue and fractionate centrifugation the enzyme activities were determined by a standardized optical method. The activities of the Δ53β-, and 3β- and 17β-OHSDH increase slowly during the first 7 days of the cycle, the maximum is reached abruptly on the 12th to 13th day of the cycle. After a striking reduction the activities decline continually to the 19th to 21st day reaching the values detected at the beginning of the cycle. The 20β-OHSDH increases slowly to the maximum on the 15th day of the cycle. Activities of the 3α-OHSDH were obtained only inconsistently. The behaviour of the activities of G6PDH was nearly identical with that of the 3β-OHSDH, while the GAPDH shows only little fluctuations of its activities. The obtained enzyme activity patterns of the maturating and high functional corpus luteum correspond to the well-known data of the biosynthetic function of the bovine corpus luteum. The changes of the amounts of progesterone and 20β-progesterol agree with the course of the activities of the 3β- resp. 20β-OHSDH.
SUPPRESSION OF THE PITUITARY-LEYDIG CELL AXIS AND SEBUM PRODUCTION IN NORMAL MEN BY MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE (PROVERA)
Authors: Kirschner Marvin A. , Schneider George 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In four normal men, the pituitary-Leydig cell axis was challenged before and during administration of large doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera). After 9–10 days of Provera, testosterone production rates decreased from 6.1 to 2.9 mg/day, and a comparable decrease in sebum production was observed. No changes were noted in the metabolic clearance rates of testosterone.
Fluoxymesterone given along with Provera resulted in lower plasma testosterone concentrations than obtained by Provera alone, and sebum production was stimulated. When clomiphene (Clomid) was given along with Provera, there was no stimulation of testosterone production, but a striking increase in sebum production, suggesting that Clomid has a direct effect on sebum independent of its usual stimulatory action on LH and testosterone production. Human chorionic gonadotrophin resulted in brisk increases of plasma testosterone concentrations both before and during Provera treatment.
Since the suppressive effects of Provera on sebum production could be overcome by exogenous and endogenous androgens, and since steroidogenesis remained intact, it seems unlikely that Provera blocks androgens at their peripheral sites of action. It is thus concluded that the suppressive effect of Provera on the pituitary-Leydig cell axis can be explained entirely by its antigonadotrophic properties.
ANTIOESTROGENIC ACTION OF CHLORMADINONE ACETATE
Authors: Rosner J. M. , Macome J. C. , Denari J. H. , De Carli D. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The action of chlormadinone acetate (CAP) on the uptake of [6,7-3H]-17β-oestradiol in the castrated rat was studied.
It was shown that when CAP is injected, the uptake of 3H-oestradiol diminishes significantly in the uterus and in the anterior pituitary (P < 0.01), whereas the uptake is not modified in the hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, skeletal muscle and plasma.
A significantly (P < 0.01) smaller dose of CAP was required to inhibit the uptake of 17β-oestradiol by the anterior pituitary (27.2 ng) than by the uterus (1000 ng).
Inhibition of oestradiol uptake can be demonstrated when CAP is administered before the oestrogen as well as when it is given subsequent to it (P < 0.01). This suggests the existence of a competitive mechanism between 17β-oestradiol and CAP for specific oestradiol receptors.
When the action of CAP on different fractions of the uterine cell was studied, it was observed that the inhibition of oestradiol uptake occurs exclusively in the nuclear fraction (P < 0.01).
Competition with oestrogens for specific protein receptors might be the common mechanism of action of the different manifestations of the effects of CAP.
THE CONTENT OF CASEIN IN LACTATING MAMMARY GLANDS OF THE RAT
Authors: Tan W. C. , Goldsmith I. J. , Young Stretton 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The conventional casein (phosphoprotein) assay by the rennin-Ca++ method precipitated for the most part non-phosphoproteins from the supernatant fluid of homogenised lactating mammary glands. The discrepancy was revealed by the determination of the phosphate content from the rennin-Ca++ precipitated proteins. Phosphate assay after the rennin-Ca++ precipitation should be used to give a more accurate estimation of the casein content.
PLASMA CORTISOL, CORTICOSTERONE AND NON-PROTEIN-BOUND CORTISOL IN EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION
Authors: Uozumi T. , Manabe H. , Kawashima Y. , Hamanaka Y. , Monden Y. , Matsumoto K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The response of plasma cortisol, corticosterone and non-protein-bound cortisol in the extracorporeal circulation was investigated in 14 patients. The pre-perfusion levels of plasma cortisol, corticosterone and non-protein-bound cortisol were significantly elevated. During and immediately after perfusion, the levels of cortisol and corticosterone were found to decrease significantly from the pre-perfusion levels, while the percentage of non-protein-bound cortisol was shown to increase significantly. This indicates a marked decrease in cortisol binding capacity of plasma during extracorporeal circulation. Moreover in 200 plasma samples, it was demonstrated that the cortisol level increased markedly and the cortisol binding capacity decreased slightly during and shortly after major surgery without perfusion. It is concluded that stressful situations in major surgery with or without perfusion are associated with markedly increased levels of biologically active non-protein-bound cortisol. The elevated level of non-protein-bound cortisol in surgery seems to be dependent on the increase in the level of plasma cortisol as well as on the decrease in the cortisol binding capacity of plasma. Although the increased plasma cortisol plays the most important role in surgery with no perfusion, the decreased cortisol binding capacity may be the more effective factor involved during perfusion.
PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN PANHYPOPITUITARISM
Authors: Murakami M. , Takeda R. , Morimoto S. , Hirasawa K. , Uchida K. , Nakabayashi H. , Nishizawa C. , Noto M. , Hasatani K. , Usukura N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The response of plasma renin activity (PRA) to sodium restriction, furosemide and ACTH administration were studied in six patients with panhypopituitarism of various causes and in a patient with Addison's disease. In all the patients with panhypopituitarism, the basal levels of PRA were within normal limits and the responses of PRA and sodium homoeostasis to sodium restriction and furosemide administration were not significantly different from those of normal subjects. On the other hand, in an Addisonian patient the basal level of PRA was very high and this was further increased with a decrease in the serum level of sodium and an increase in the serum level of potassium after one day of sodium restriction. The administration of 1 mg of synthetic β1–24 ACTH every 12 hours for 2 days caused an increased plasma 11-OHCS and urinary 17-OHCS. with a decrease of sodium and an increase of potassium loss in the urine but failed to change PRA in patients with panhypopituitarism. In the Addisonian patient, ACTH did not influence the levels of plasma 11-OHCS, urinary 17-OHCS, PRA as well as serum and urinary electrolytes.
From these results it is suggested that ACTH does not directly act on renin secretion and that PRA can adequately respond to various stimuli such as sodium restriction and furosemide administration in a condition of ACTH deficiency.
UTERINE UPTAKE OF [6,7-3H] OESTRADIOL IN THE PRESENCE OF INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE IN CYCLIC AND PREGNANT RATS
Authors: Labhsetwar Anant P. , Perser N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Uterine uptake of tritiated oestradiol was studied on each of the 4 days of the oestrous cycle and of the first 5 days of pregnancy in rats fitted unilaterally with an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). The uptake (dpm/g wet weight) was maximal in the control horn on Day 3 of the cycle and pregnancy. On an average the IUD-bearing horn accumulated more radioactivity than the control horn both during the cycle and pregnancy. It is postulated that the IUD either induces formation of or activates the uterine receptors which specifically bind oestrogen, resulting in an increased exposure of the IUD-bearing horn to endogenous oestrogen. A possible relevance of this finding to the contraceptive effects of the device through the mediation of prostaglandin release is discussed.
DEXAMETHASONE-BLOCKADE OF INCREMENTAL RESPONSE OF PLASMA PROGESTERONE TO CERVICAL DILATION OR VASOPRESSIN INFUSION IN EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Fylling Petter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of dexamethasone on the peripheral plasma levels of progesterone was investgated in pregnant women during the first trimester. Neither oral treatment (2.5 mg × 4 for two days) nor intramuscular injection (24–64 mg) had any depressant effect in otherwise untreated women.
The incremental response in the plasma progesterone levels consistently seen in women subjected to continuous dilation of the uterine cervix or vasopressin infusions, was markedly reduced by dexamethasone treatment.
EGG DEVELOPMENT IN THE GOLDEN HAMSTER FED ETHINYLOESTRADIOL
Authors: Noske I. , Davis B. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ethinyloestradiol (10–50 μg) fed 1–4 days before mating delays first cleavage in up to 50 % of fertilized hamster eggs. This delay was not attributable to altered mating behaviour and fertilization appeared uneffected in ova recovered from treated animals one day after mating. It is suggested that early (possibly intrafollicular) development of the egg may be affected by this steroid, since it exerts an effect when given one day prior to mating, but appears to be without effect when administered on the day of mating.
EFFECT OF POTASSIUM INTAKE ON THE FINAL STEPS OF ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE RAT
Authors: Baumann Klaus , Müller Jürg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Incubated capsular adrenal glands (»zona glomerulosa«) of potassiumdeficient rats converted approximately 30 times less tritiated corticosterone to aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone than capsular adrenals of potassium-replete rats. This difference was demonstrable over a large range of substrate concentrations. Capsular adrenal mitochondria of potassium-deficient rats also incorporated considerably less tritiated corticosterone into aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone than mitochondria of potassium-replete rats. Conversion to both corticosteroid fractions increased within 4 hours and became normal within 24 hours of resumed potassium intake. On the other hand, potassium intake only marginally affected the ratio of 18-hydroxycorticosterone formation to aldosterone formation by capsular adrenals and had no effect on the conversion of tritiated deoxycorticosterone to 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone by decapsulated adrenals (»zona fasciculata-reticularis« These findings indicate that potassium intake enhances 18-hydroxylase activity selectively in the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex, but yield no information concerning an effect on 18-hydroxydehydrogenase activity. Kinetic data suggest that the potassium-induced increase in 18-hydroxylase activity is most likely due to de novo enzyme synthesis.
EFFECT OF POTASSIUM INTAKE ON THE FINAL STEPS OF ALDOSTERONE BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE RAT
Authors: Baumann Klaus , Müller Jürg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Incubated capsular adrenal glands (»zona glomerulosa«) of potassiumdeficient rats converted 57% less tritiated deoxycorticosterone to 11β-hydroxycorticosteroids and 45 % less tritiated cortexolone to cortisol than the capsular adrenals of potassium-replete rats. A similarly decreased conversion of cortexolone to cortisol was observed when capsular adrenal mitochondria were incubated. Potassium deficiency resulted in only a slight decrease in the rate of 11β-hydroxylation by decapsulated adrenals (»zona fasciculata-reticularis«). These findings indicate that the 11β-hydroxylase activity of the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex is dependent on the potassium intake but to a lesser extent than 18-hydroxylase activity.
We had previously observed that potassium deficiency induced a decreased production of aldosterone, an unchanged corticosterone output and an increased deoxycorticosterone output by capsular adrenals incubated with stimulating agents. The same alterations in endogenous corticosteroid production could be induced in vitro by the addition of a selective inhibitor of 18-hydroxylation (Su 8000) to the incubation medium. On the other hand, metopirone, i.e. an inhibitor of both 11β- and 18-hydroxylation, diminished corticosterone as well as aldosterone output by capsular adrenals. These results suggest that an increased deoxycorticosterone output by capsular adrenals may be due not only to a decrease in 11β-hydroxylase activity but may also be indirectly related to a decreased conversion of corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone.