bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling the Cytokines in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Using a Cytokine Antibody Array
Authors: Sakai Akihiko , Ohshima Mitsuhiro , Sugano Naoyuki , Otsuka Kichibee , Ito Koichi 
Published: May 2006

Background: Various compounds have been detected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as indicators of periodontal disease activity. Therefore, the analysis of GCF may be especially beneficial for diagnosing current periodontal status and addressing the effects of treatment. Moreover, the identification of new markers in GCF may also contribute to elucidating novel mechanisms involved in periodontal disease. This study sought novel marker proteins specific to chronic periodontitis by profiling cytokines in GCF using a cytokine antibody array system.Methods: Human cytokine array V, which detects 79 cytokines on one membrane, was used to determine the profile of cytokines in GCF from seven subjects with chronic periodontitis and seven subjects with healthy periodontia. The profile was exposed to x‐ray film and quantified using image analysis software. Healthy and diseased sites were compared statistically.Results: We detected 10 cytokines in periodontally healthy sites and 36 cytokines in periodontally diseased sites. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and transforming growth factor‐beta 2 (TGF‐β2) were detected at high levels in healthy and diseased subjects. There were significant differences between healthy and diseased subjects in the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐2 (TIMP‐2), tumor necrosis factor‐beta (TNF‐β), growth‐related oncogene (GRO), interferon‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10), angiogenin (Ang), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3), osteoprotegerin (OPG), epidermal growth factor (EGF), glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), pulmonary and activation‐regulated chemokine (PARC), oncostatin M (OSM), fibroblast growth factor‐4 (FGF‐4), IL‐16, homologous to lymphotoxins (LIGHT), and placenta growth factor (PlGF). Of these, the newly detected cytokines were GRO, Ang, IGFBP‐3, GDNF, PARC, OSM, FGF‐4, IL‐16, LIGHT, and PlGF.Conclusions: In this study, we detected several cytokines in GCF using a cytokine antibody array system, including both inflammatory cytokines and various growth factors. Therefore, periodontal disease may participate in the wound healing process and in tissue destruction via the inflammatory process. Our results suggest that the quantification of these cytokines in GCF provides useful information for the diagnosis of periodontal disease status.
A module calculus for Pure Type Systems
Authors: COURANT JUDICAËL 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSeveral proof-assistants rely on the very formal basis of Pure Type Systems (PTS) as their foundations. We are concerned with the issues involved in the development of large proofs in these provers such as namespace management, development of reusable proof libraries and separate verification. Although implementations offer many features to address them, few theoretical foundations have been laid for them up to now. This is a problem as features dealing with modularity may have harmful, unsuspected effects on the reliability or usability of an implementation.In this paper, we propose an extension of Pure Type Systems with a module system, $\mathcal{MC}_2$, adapted from SML-like module systems for programming languages. This system gives a theoretical framework addressing the issues mentioned above in a quite uniform way. It is intended to be a theoretical foundation for the module systems of proof-assistants such as Coq or Agda. We show how reliability and usability can be formalized as metatheoretical properties and prove they hold for $\mathcal{MC}_2$.
A comparative study of physicochemical properties of AH PlusTM and EpiphanyTM root canal sealants
Authors: Versiani M. A. , Carvalho‐Junior J. R. , Padilha M. I. A. F. , Lacey S. , Pascon E. A. , Sousa‐Neto M. D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAim  To evaluate setting time, solubility and disintegration, flow, film thickness, and dimensional change following setting in a dual‐cured resin root canal sealer EpiphanyTM compared with an epoxy‐resin‐based sealer AH PlusTM.Methodology  The experiments were performed according to ANSI/ADA Specification 57 which tests the physicochemical properties of endodontic sealing materials. Five samples of each material were tested for each of the properties. In addition, deionized distilled water from the solubility test of EpiphanyTM was submitted for analysis of the cations Fe, Ni, Ca, Mg, Zn, Na, and K in an atomic absorption spectrometer. Three samples were analysed.Results  There were no statistical differences (P > 0.05) in flow (AH PlusTM: 38.57 mm; EpiphanyTM: 35.74 mm) and film thickness (AH PlusTM: 10.6 μm; EpiphanyTM: 20.1 μm). The solubility (AH PlusTM: 0.21%; EpiphanyTM: 3.41%) and dimensional alterations following setting (AH PlusTM: expansion of 1.3%; EpiphanyTM: expansion of 8.1%) were statistically different (P < 0.05). The setting times of both sealants were in accordance with ANSI/ADA requirements.Conclusions  Setting time, flow, and film thickness tests for both cements conformed to ANSI/ADA standards. Dimensional alteration test for both cements were greater than values considered acceptable by ANSI/ADA. EpiphanyTM values regarding solubility were also greater than values considered acceptable by ANSI/ADA.
Periapical central giant cell granuloma misdiagnosed as odontogenic cyst
Authors: Lombardi T. , Bischof M. , Nedir R. , Vergain D. , Galgano C. , Samson J. , Küffer R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAim  To present the clinicopathological features of a series of four periapically located central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) that were misdiagnosed and treated as being of endodontic origin.Summary  Four cases of periapical CGCGs were submitted with a clinical diagnosis of either radicular or residual cyst. In two cases, root canal treatment had been performed previously. The patients were two women and two men whose age ranged from 31 to 85 years. Two cases were located in the mandibular premolar‐molar region, and two in the anterolateral region of the maxilla. Two lesions were submitted for histological examination with a diagnosis of radicular cyst whereas the remaining two were submitted with a diagnosis of residual cyst.Key learning points• Periapical giant cell lesions may be unilocular and therefore misdiagnosed as an endodontic lesion because of their radiographic similarity to an inflammatory periradicular lesion, especially if the teeth have been root filled or if the vitality is negative or doubtful.• It is important to follow up the healing process of a periapical radiolucency related to a root filled tooth and, in case of persistence, to perform surgery and to submit the specimen for histological examination.
In vivo evaluation of microbial reduction after chemo‐mechanical preparation of human root canals containing necrotic pulp tissue
Authors: Vianna M.E. , Horz H.P. , Gomes B.P.F.A. , Conrads G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAim  To determine in vivo, the degree of microbial reduction after chemo‐mechanical preparation of human root canals containing necrotic pulp tissue when using two endodontic irrigating reagents, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or chlorhexidine gel (CHX).Methodology  Thirty‐two single rooted teeth with necrotic pulp were divided into two groups. One group (n = 16) was irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl, whilst the other group (n = 16) was irrigated with 2% CHX gel. Assessment of the bacterial load was accomplished by use of real‐time quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction (RTQ‐PCR) directed against the small subunit ribosomal DNA using the SYBRGreen and TaqMan formats. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney test. For contrast, bacterial load was also determined by traditional culture techniques.Results  The bacterial load was reduced substantially in both groups (over 96%). However, using RTQ‐PCR the bacterial load before and after chemo‐mechanical preparation was greater when compared with evaluation using colony forming units (CFU). Furthermore, as measured by RTQ‐PCR, the bacterial reduction in the NaOCl‐group (SYBRGreen 99.99%; TaqMan: 99.63%) was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than in the CHX‐group (SYBRGreen 96.62%; TaqMan: 96.60%). According to culture technique 75% of cases were free of bacteria after chemo‐mechanical preparation in the NaOCl‐group, whilst 50% of cases were bacteria free in the CHX‐group.Conclusion  NaOCl has not only a higher capacity to kill microorganisms but is also more able to remove cells from the root canal.
SHOULD CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS BE TESTED FOR HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE? ATTITUDES OF FUTURE LAWYERS AND PHYSICIANS IN SWITZERLAND
Authors: ELGER BERNICE S. , HARDING TIMOTHY W. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to identify future lawyers’ and physicians’ views on testing children for Huntington’s disease (HD) against parents’ wishes. After receiving general information about HD, patient autonomy and confidentiality, law students and advanced medical students were shown an interview with a mother suffering from HD who is opposed to informing and testing her two children (aged 10 and 16) for HD. Students then filled out questionnaires concerning their agreement with testing. No significant differences were found between medical and law students or between students from different courses concerning the adolescent son. Three quarters of students thought that he should be told about his mother’s disease, and 91% thought the adolescent son should have the opportunity of genetic testing for HD for himself. However, significant differences were found concerning the 10‐year old son, with 44% of law students and 30% of medical students in favour of testing the child for HD. Students raised some important ethical issues in their elective comments. In conclusion, we found highly positive attitudes towards informing a 16‐year old of his mother’s HD and offering to test him. These attitudes were not in tune with guidelines. Students did not consider several practical and ethical issues of genetic testing of children and adolescents. Specific education should ensure that attitudes are based on sufficiently detailed knowledge about all aspects of genetic testing of children to discourage pressures on persons at risk of HD.
Ketones Keep Neurons Alive
Authors: Stafstrom Carl E. 
Published: May 2006

Ketogenic Diet Reduces Hypoglycemia-Induced Neuronal Death in Young Rats Yamada KA, Rensing N, Thio LL Neurosci Lett 2005;385(3):210–214 Hypoglycemia is an important complication of insulin treatment in diabetic children and may contribute to lasting cognitive impairment. Previous studies demonstrated that 21-day-old rats (P21) subjected to brief, repetitive episodes of hypoglycemia sustain cortical neuronal death. The developing brain is capable of utilizing alternative energy substrates acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that the developing brain adapted to ketone utilization and provided with ketones during hypoglycemia by eating a ketogenic diet would sustain less brain injury compared to littermates fed a standard diet. Supporting this hypothesis, P21 rats weaned to a ketogenic diet and subjected to insulin-induced hypoglycemia at P25 had significantly less neuronal death than rats on a standard diet. This animal model may provide insight into the determinants influencing the brain's susceptibility to hypoglycemic injury.
Analysis in non‐human primates reveals that the ancestral Band 3 gene encodes Dib and the Band 3‐Memphis phenotype
Authors: Schawalder Alissa , Hue‐Roye Kim , Castilho Lilian , Chaudhuri Asok , Reid Marion E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground  The anion exchanger, Band 3, carries antigens in the Diego blood group system, and can carry the Band 3‐Memphis phenotype. Although Dib is of high prevalence and Band 3‐Memphis is of low prevalence in humans, it has been suggested that both are on the ancestral gene. We determined the orthologue nucleotide sequences corresponding to these two polymorphic sites, Dia/Dib (2561T > C; Leu854Pro) and Band 3‐Memphis(166A > G; Lys56Glu) in several nonhuman primates.Methods  Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of great apes, lesser apes, old world monkeys, new world monkeys and prosimians. PCR amplifications were done with primer pairs that were located in the flanking intronic regions of Exon 4 and Exon 19; and the amplified products were sequenced.Results  Amino acid sequence alignment of nonhuman primates band 3 with that of human showed extensive homologies. In exon 4, Glu56Lys polymorphic site showed Glu similar to Band 3‐Memphis type and in exon 19, Leu854Pro polymorphic site showed Pro indicating Dib phenotype.Conclusions  The nonhuman primates have nucleotide sequences of Dib(2561C) in cis to Band 3‐Memphis (166G), which is consistent with the assertion that the Dib and Band 3‐Memphis phenotype represents the ancestral Band 3 gene.
1141605463 Autoimmune and thrombophilic causes of recurrent pregnancy loss in greek couples
Authors: Drakakis P , Loutradis D , Milingos S , Stefanidis C , Marinopoulos S , Protopapas A , Antsaklis A 
Published: May 2006

Introduction:  This was a retrospective study performed in order to investigate the distribution of various autoimmune and thrombophilic causes including gene mutations in the Greek population that have been associated in the literature with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), the latter considered after at least two and not three fisrt trimester embryo losses.Materials and Methods:  We included in this study the last 80 couples that entered our Recurrent Pregnancy Unit which had at least two consecutive miscarriages before the 13th week of gestation with no other pregnancy apart from induced abortions. They had been checked for: phospholipid autoimmunity (anticardiolipins, β2GPI and serine antiphoSPSholipid antibodies (IgG and IgM)), ANA, antithyroid antibodies (AA), immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) and for thrombophilia incuding protein C, protein S, activated protein C resistance (APC‐R), antithrombin III, homocystein, lupus anticoagulant and the following gene mutations: FVLeiden, Prothrombin 20210A, MTHFR T677T (homozygous or double heterozygous for C677T and A1298C), PAI‐1 4G/5G and the GPI‐α gene mutation.Results:  At least one thrombophilic factor was found in 19 patients (24%), an autoimmune factor in 7 (9%), ANA (+) >1/160 in 14 (17%), AA in 19 (25%), increased IgG in 5 (62%). 11 had a possible anatomic factor (18%). Five out of the 19 patients (26%) with thrombophilia had a thrombophilic gene mutation with no phenotypic findings in peripheral blood. All percentages were calculated with respect to the number of patients searched for the specific factor.Conclusion:  The distribution of the above factors is discussed and their possible role in RPL. The high percentage of thrombophilia gene mutations among patients with a thrombophilic factor is mainly discussed as well as the need to include those expensive tests in the work‐up of RPL.
1141753263 Amniochorion secretes chemotactic signals for leukocytes during human labor
Authors: Gomez N , Estrada‐Gutierrez G , Giono‐Cerezo SG , Vega‐Sanchez R , Vadillo‐Ortega F 
Published: May 2006

Objective:  Leukocytes arriving to choriodecidua during labor are capable to secrete cytokines and collagenases that may play a role in extracellular matrix degradation leading to the rupture of amniochorion. The aim of this work was to study the role of amniochorion in the active recruitment of leukocytes through production of specific chemokines during labor.Methods:  Amniochorion explants were obtained from women at term with spontaneous labor (n = 4) and subjected to cesarean section without labor (n = 4). Explant cultures were carried out during 24 hr and a homogenate including the culture media was made after this period. Cell free extracts were tested in Boyden chambers for chemotaxis using leukocytes from maternal blood obtained from women with (n = 2) and without labor (n = 2). Attracted cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for count and immunophenotype. Chemokines were identified in the extracts using a commercial chemiarray.Results:  All tested amniochorion extracts induced chemotaxis for leukocytes; however, those from labor tissues induced a higher chemotactic activity than the correspondent non‐in‐labor tissues (P = 0.003). Chemotactic effect was higher over leukocytes from labor women (P = 0.001). More than 80% of the attracted cells were polymorphonuclear cells in all cases. IL‐8 was the main chemokine found in all extracts; however its concentration was increased in extracts from labor.Conclusions:  Fetal membranes induced chemotaxis for leukocytes and this condition is enhanced by the presence of labor. Amniochorion under active labor secretes IL‐8 which induces a preferential chemotaxis for polymorphonuclears. Infiltration of these cells in choriodecidua during labor may play a role in the amniochorion degradation associated to rupture.
1140918040 Prevention of abortion in the CBAxDBA/2 model by intravaginal TGF‐β is associated with local recruitment of predominantly CD8+ Foxp3+ T cells to the genital tract
Authors: Clark DA , Fernandes J , Banwatt D 
Published: May 2006

Problem:  Spontaneous abortions in DBA/2‐mated CBA/J mice can be prevented by an immune response to BALB/c, and CD4+25+ Treg cells as well as CD8+ T cells have been proposed to confer protection. Recently a 2 ng dose of intravaginal TGF‐β3 at the time of exposure to DBA/2 semen was shown to be effective. TGF‐β is known to facilitate development of Treg cells. Is there evidence for local Treg induction?Methods:  The phenotype of cellular recruitment to the vaginal wall and uterus was established by immunostaining tissue sections from CBA/J females following intravaginal TGF‐β treatment. The phenotype of cells in vaginal washings 48 hr after TGF‐β was determined by flow cytometry.Results:  Increased numbers of CD3+, CD25+, and CD11c+ cells were found in vaginal mucosa with increasing doses of TGF‐β. A 2 ng TGF‐β3 treatment at the time of estrus recruited Foxp3+ cells to the vaginal lumen, and the majority of these were CD8+; CD4+ cells were also present, but expressed only low levels of CD25 and CTLA4. A 20 ng dose recruited predominantly CD4+8+ Foxp3+ cells.Conclusion:  Induction of Tregs to semen‐associated DBA/2 antigens may prevent pregnancy loss in the CBAxDBA/2 model without the need for BALB/c as an immunogen. The Treg phenotype in the genital tract is compatible with additional members of the Treg family that recognize Class I MHC and associated paternal peptides and prevent abortions.
Isolation and Sequencing of a Temperate Transducing Phage forPasteurella multocida
Authors: Campoy Susana , Aranda Jesús , Àlvarez Gerard , Barbé Jordi , Llagostera Montserrat 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTA temperate bacteriophage (F108) has been isolated through mitomycin C induction of aPasteurella multocidaserogroup A strain. F108 has a typical morphology of the familyMyoviridae, presenting a hexagonal head and a long contractile tail. F108 is able to infect allP. multocidaserogroup A strains tested but not those belonging to other serotypes. Bacteriophage F108, the firstP. multocidaphage sequenced so far, presents a 30,505-bp double-stranded DNA genome with cohesive ends (CTTCCTCCCCcossite). The F108 genome shows the highest homology with those ofHaemophilus influenzaeHP1 and HP2 phages. Furthermore, an F108 prophage attachment site in theP. multocidachromosome has been established to be inside a gene encoding tRNALeu. By using several chromosomal markers that are spread along theP. multocidachromosome, it has been demonstrated that F108 is able to perform generalized transduction. This fact, together with the absence of pathogenic genes in the F108 genome, makes this bacteriophage a valuable tool forP. multocidagenetic manipulation.
High-Pressure-Mediated Survival of
Clostridium botulinum
and
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Endospores at High Temperature
Authors: Margosch Dirk , Ehrmann Matthias A. , Buckow Roman , Heinz Volker , Vogel Rudi F. , Gänzle Michael G. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Endospores of proteolytic type B
Clostridium botulinum
TMW 2.357 and
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
TMW 2.479 are currently described as the most high-pressure-resistant bacterial spores relevant to food intoxication and spoilage in combined pressure-temperature applications. The effects of combined pressure (0.1 to 1,400 MPa) and temperature (70 to 120°C) treatments were determined for these spores. A process employing isothermal holding times was established to distinguish pressure from temperature effects. An increase in pressure (600 to 1,400 MPa) and an increase in temperature (90 to 110°C) accelerated the inactivation of
C. botulinum
spores. However, incubation at 100°C, 110°C, or 120°C with ambient pressure resulted in faster spore reduction than treatment with 600 or 800 MPa at the same temperature. This pressure-mediated spore protection was also observed at 120°C and 800, 1,000, or 1,200 MPa with the more heat-tolerant
B. amyloliquefaciens
TMW 2.479 spores. Inactivation curves for both strains showed a pronounced pressure-dependent tailing, which indicates that a small fraction of the spore populations survives conditions of up to 120°C and 1.4 GPa in isothermal treatments. Because of this tailing and the fact that pressure-temperature combinations stabilizing bacterial endospores vary from strain to strain, food safety must be ensured in case-by-case studies demonstrating inactivation or nongrowth of
C. botulinum
with realistic contamination rates in the respective pressurized food and equipment.
Trends in Production of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases among Enterobacteria of Medical Interest: Report of the Second Italian Nationwide Survey
Authors: Luzzaro Francesco , Mezzatesta Marilina , Mugnaioli Claudia , Perilli Mariagrazia , Stefani Stefania , Amicosante Gianfranco , Rossolini Gian Maria , Toniolo Antonio 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Results of a 2003 survey carried out in Italy to evaluate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria are presented. Eleven Italian Microbiology Laboratories investigated 9,076 consecutive nonreplicate isolates (inpatients, 6,850; outpatients, 2,226). ESBL screening was performed by MIC data analysis. Confirmation was obtained using the double-disk synergy test and the combination disk test based on CLSI methodology. ESBL determinants were investigated by colony blot hybridization and confirmed by sequencing. Results were compared to those of the 1999 Italian survey (8,015 isolates). The prevalence of ESBL producers was 7.4% among isolates from inpatients (in 1999, 6.3%) and 3.5% among outpatients (no data were available for 1999). Among hospitalized patients, the most prevalent ESBL-positive species was
Escherichia coli
(
Klebsiella pneumoniae
in 1999).
Proteus mirabilis
was the most prevalent ESBL-positive species among outpatients. In both groups, most ESBL-positive pathogens were obtained from urinary tract infections. TEM-type ESBLs were the most prevalent enzymes (45.4%). Non-TEM, non-SHV determinants emerged: CTX-M-type in
E. coli
and
K. pneumoniae
, and PER-type in
P. mirabilis
,
Providencia
spp., and
E. coli
. With the exception of 3/163
P. mirabilis
isolates and 1/44
Providencia stuartii
isolate (all of which were intermediate for imipenem), carbapenems were active against all ESBL-positive enterobacteria. Susceptibility to other drugs was as follows: 84.7% for amikacin, 84.4% for piperacillin-tazobactam, 48.0% for gentamicin, and 32.8% for ciprofloxacin. Carbapenems appear to be the drug of choice. Amikacin and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations represent an alternative in non-life-threatening infections. The appearance of ESBL-positive enterobacteria in the community makes it mandatory that family physicians learn how to treat these pathogens.