bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acid Dissolution of Hematites of Different Morphologies
Authors: Cornell R. M. , Giovanoli R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDissolution in HCl of hematite particles with different morphologies led to sigmoidal dissolution vs. time curves. The rate of dissolution was directly proportional to the sample surface area and independent of crystal morphology. Hematites produced by heating goethite at 600 or 800~ dissolved more rapidly per unit area than did hematites grown from solution. TEM showed that some platy crystals developed central holes after prolonged acid attack; the hole formation was attributed to enhanced dissolution at screw dislocations present on the (001) faces of the crystals. Except where particularly susceptible regions involving strained areas or dislocations were present, there appeared to be no preferential acid attack at any particular crystal face. The original morphology was usually maintained during the reaction.
The Effects of Lithology, Bulk Chemistry and Modal Composition on Illite "Crystallinity"-A Case Study from the Bakony Mts., Hungary
Authors: Árkai P. , Lelkes-Felvári GY. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractModal and bulk chemical compositions, illite and chlorite "crystallinity" indices (IC and ChC), white mica bo and vitrinite reflectance values of a Palaeozoic variegated clastic sequence have been determined. The strongly varying IC values are inadequate for the determination of metamorphic zones. Based on statistical analyses of the factors which might affect IC, the presence of paragonite, even in very small quantities as a discrete phase and/or as mixed-layers with illitemuscovite, proved to be the decisive factor. In contrast, no significant correlations were found between the modal composition of the main phases, bulk chemical composition (including Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio) and IC, ChC, or white mica bo values. Thus, neither lithofacies (granulometric), nor redox conditions had any effect on "crystallinity" and bo parameters. Chlorite crystallinity indices and vitrinite reflectance values, together with IC values of selected samples, indicate "anchizonal" conditions. The distribution of white mica bo values indicates that this Hercynian metamorphism was of low-pressure type.
Particle Size and Shape Effects in Materials Science: Examples from Polymer and Paper Systems
Authors: Adams J. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLarge quantities of clay minerals (and other micron-sized mineral powders) are used widely in materials science. Mineral fillers are major components, for example, of paints, rubber, plastics and paper and board. While the original object of such incorporation was to reduce costs, performance is now being “engineered” by design or choice of the relevant mineral particles. This paper concentrates on the use of mineral powders in polymer and paper science. In both application areas, the size and shape of the mineral particles can affect mechanical properties such as stiffness and tensile and impact strength. However, other characteristics are also modified. For example, the drainage rate in paper formation and the rheology of a polymer melt, properties which are critically important to the rate of processing of the relevant materials, can be greatly affected. Finally, the size and shape of the mineral particles also affect appearance, i.e. the smoothness, uniformity, optical properties etc. Mechanical and rheological data are presented for mineral-filled polypropylene, as are mechanical and optical data for filled and coated paper.
High-Resolution Particle Size Analysis from Nanometres to Microns
Authors: McFadyen P. , Fairhurst D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractModem disc centrifuge technology has extended the range of application of sedimentation particle size analysis to include the submicron region. An overall size range of approximately 10 nm to 100 pm is now accessible. The principles of both the disc centrifuge photosedimentometer, which employs optical detection with full Mie light scattering corrections, and the X-ray disc centrifuge are described. Examples of their application to a variety of samples are given to illustrate the performance characteristics of the instruments including a direct comparison of resolving power with that of the laser diffraction technique.
L’Utilisation des Resines Echangeuses de Cations (Amberlite IRC-50H) dans la Dispersion et la Purification des Argiles des Roches a Carbonates, Phosphates et Sulfates
Authors: Chahi A. , Weber F. , Prevot L. , Lucas J. 
Published: November 2006

RésuméLes traitements classiques appliqués pour disperser les argiles et les séparer des carbonates, des phosphates et des sulfates, sont souvent agressifs vis a vis de celles-ci. Une méthode de traitement utilisant les résines échangeuses de cations (REC) a été mise au point. La résine utilisee est l’amberlite IRC-50H. Elle a été éluée ã HCl 1·5 N et utilisée a une température de 60°C. Ce traitement a permis une très bonne dispersion des suspensions de matière d’argile, et l’élimination complete des carbonates, des sulfates et des phosphates. En raison de leur structure silicatée et de leur composition chimique, les argiles sont peu attaquees par les REC, de plus elles sont protegees par les minéraux susceptibles d’être dissous par les REC (carbonates, phosphates et sulfates).
Incus reposition: Goblet prosthesis
Authors: Pappas Dennis G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA stainless steel goblet shaped prosthesis is used to attach the repositioned incus to the stapes. A two year follow‐up was made of the first 116 patients in which the prosthesis was used for ossicular reconstruction.The incidence of extrusion and ankylosis is diminished, and 75% of all cases had closure within 10 db. An additonal 20% had closure within 20 db of bone conduction thresholds. Revisions have been less with this technique than with others: 40% of 116 patients had an uncomplicated tympanoplasty; 60% had a tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy. The results are, of course, more favorable in the group without mastoidectomy. Of these, 86% had closure to within 10 db of bone conduction level. These findings suggest that the use of the goblet prosthesis results in improved hearing. These findings conclude that the use of the goblet prosthesis results in better hearing than that obtained with other methods of ossicular chain reconstruction.
A typical mycobacterial otomastoiditis
Authors: Terkonda Raj P. , Levine Samuel C. , Duvall Arndt J. , Giebink G. Scott 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA typical mycobacterial infections of the middle ear and mastoid are rare; only 4 isolated cases and an outbreak of 17 cases have been reported. Herein are presented three additional cases with chronic otorrhea unresponsive to routine medical therapy. Two were due to Mycobacterium avium‐intracellulare and the third to Mycobacterium chelonei. All three patients had negative tuberculin test results and normal chest radiographs. Pathologic study reveals granulomatous inflammation, usually with negative acid‐fast stains. Tissue culture should be incubated for a minimum of 4 weeks. These patients often undergo multiple otologic procedures and have abundant granulation tissue with normal ossicles. The antibiotic therapy is prolonged, and the organisms may be resistant to the usual antituberculous drugs. Unlike many atypical mycobacterial infections today, those involving the middle ear can occur in immunologically normal individuals.
P‐Glycoprotein expression in the squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base
Authors: Rabkin Dimitry , Chhieng David C. , Miller Mitchell B. , Jennings Timothy , Feustel Paul , Steinisrer Josenh , Parnes Steven M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractP‐glycoprotein (PGP), which is a product of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1), is an active transmembrane efflux pump responsible for detoxifying normal cells as well as rendering tumor cells resistant to chemotherapy. It has also been implicated to be expressed by more aggressive cancers. It has not been well described in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In this investigation, an attempt was made to characterize advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue with respect to expression of PGP. Using immunohistochemical techniques two anti‐PGP monoclonal antibodies (JSB1and C494) were used to detect PGP in these lesions, and an attempt was made to correlate levels of PGP staining and various tumor parameters. Usefulness of PGP in predicting survival and time to recurrence was also examined for these advanced lesions. All 33 base of tongue lesions showed staining for PGP with these monoclonal antibodies. This was the first study examining utility of C494 in detecting PGP in squamous cell carcinoma at this site. Increased level of PGP expression was seen in better‐differentiated tumors as well as in tumors with diploid DNA. A trend of higher PGP expression and decreased survival emerged. This may represent a true relationship, but inherent heterogeneity of PGP expression within cells cannot be excluded.Both antibodies examined appear to be useful in the investigations of PGP distribution in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck sites by immunohistochemical techniques. Prognostic value of the level of PGP expression remains to be seen.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the central auditory pathway following speech and pure‐tone stimuli
Authors: Millen Steven J. , Haughton V. M. , Yetkin Z. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) is a new noninvasive technique for imaging cerebral function. Studies of the human central auditory pathway examined responses in eight normal hearing volunteers following auditory stimuli, including narrative speech and pure‐tone audiometry.The activation demonstrated by FMRI is modeled on an increase in regional blood flow with increased neuronal activity. The FMRI signals represent deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes in capillaries within the region of the brain that is activated. Brain activation was imaged in the superior temporal gyrus during text reading and pure tones. Activation in both text and pure‐tone presentation did not vary with the intensity of the auditory stimulus and elicited a dominant response in the left temporal lobe.These observations demonstrate the capability of FMRI to correlate anatomic and functional relationships in the human central auditory pathway.
Survival of composite chondrocutaneous grafts by vessel implantation: A study in the rabbit ear model
Authors: Arden Richard L. , Smith Duane M. , Salley Steve O. , Sakr Wael A. , Doerr Timothy D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractComposite chondrocutaneous graft reconstruction or reattachment has limited applicability, is traditionally restricted to small segmental losses, and is dependent on the status of the recipient bed and graft periphery for successful revascularization. Surgical enhancement of composite graft survival was experimentally investigated in the rabbit ear model through transposition and appositional placement of an adjacent vascular pedicle. Fluorescein‐derived surface‐survival determinations, microangiographic vessel‐counting methods, and histologic analysis were used to study the effects of vascular augmentation, pedicle design variations, and angiogenic substance in sixty 8‐cm2, full‐thickness auricular grafts. A statistically significant survival advantage was demonstrated for the implanted grafts, without derived benefit from angiogenic substance, secondary to perivascular angiogenesis from the implanted pedicle.
Accuracy of intraoperative staging of the N0 neck in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kassekh Christopher H. , Johnson Jonas T. , Myers Eugene N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractManagement of the neck in squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract continues to be a topic of great debate. One major problem is that incorrect clinical staging is expected in approximately 20% of necks. This is true of both clinical stage N0 and N+ necks, even when imaging studies are used. This prospective study of 108 necks in 79 patients examined the role of intraoperative palpation and inspection in improving the surgeon's ability to predict nodal stage. Of 62 patients with N0 necks clinically on both sides, 26 were staged N+ by intraoperative node examination. Nineteen of the 26 were histologically negative (73% false‐positive). Of the 36 patients staged intraoperatively as N0, 10 were histologically positive (28% false‐negative). Of 108 necks judged clinically to be N0, 25 (23%) had occult metastases and 11 (10%) had extracapsular spread. Forty‐one of 108 clinical N0 necks were believed to have positive nodes at the time of neck dissection. Of these 41 necks, 30 (73%) were found to be histologically N0 (false‐positive). Of the 67 clinical N0 necks that were also believed to be N0 intraoperatively, occult metastases were found in 14 (21% false‐negative). Therefore, intraoperative staging did not significantly improve the false‐negative rate. Frozen‐section biopsy obtained in the operating room was reliable in 24 (92.3%) of 26 patients. Although frozen‐section biopsy was not performed in all patients, these data suggest that upstaging the neck without frozen‐section biopsy is much less reliable. This study supports the use of frozen‐section biopsy before converting the selective dissection to a radical or modified neck dissection in most instances.
Assessment of Serum Antibodies in Patients With Rapidly Progressive SensorineuralHearing Loss and Meniere's Disease
Authors: Gottschlich Stefan , Billings Peter B. , Keithley Elizabeth M. , Weisman Michael H. , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe immunoreactivity of sera from patients with rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or Meniere's disease with bovine inner ear material was determined using the Western blot technique. Patients with other otologic conditions, autoimmune disorders, or arthritic disorders and age‐matched randomly chosen patients with no hearing complaints served as controls. Twenty‐two percent of the patients with bilateral rapidly progressive SNHL and 30% of the patients with Meniere's disease had antibodies that reacted with a 68 kd antigen in the inner ear material. In the control groups, the incidence of reactivity was 5.0% (P<.001).When the results of this study were compiled with data collected previously, it was found that of 279 patients with bilateral rapidly progressive SNHL, 90 (32%) were positive with the 68 kd protein. Thus, the anti‐68 kd antibody may provide a good marker for an immune etiology of these patients' hearing loss.
Changes in middle ear pressure in daily life
Authors: Sakikawa Yasuhiko , Kobayashi Hitome , Nomura Yasuya 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe present study was performed to estimate changes of middle ear pressure (ME‐P) during actions of daily life such as nose blowing and sniffing. ME‐P was measured in 18 patients with perforation of the eardrum. They were asked to perform actions which included nose blowing and sniffing. Eustachian catheterization and politzerization were also applied. Change of ME‐P before and after these actions was recorded using a pressure monitor. Results showed that changes of ME‐P after nose blowing with both nostrils closed were large and rapid. The mean value of ME‐P after nose blowing was 252 mmH2O. In our previous study, the mean value of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF‐P) after nose blowing was 388 mmH2O.1 Therefore, the pressure gradient across the cochlear windows is about 130 mmH2O during nose blowing. The cochlear windows may have been pressed toward the middle ear side. After sniffing, ME‐P was unchanged. These results suggest that nose blowing may be an important cause of perilymphatic fistula (PLF) via the “explosive route,”2 while sniffing is not likely to cause PLF.
Determination of Equilibrium Moisture Content of Building Materials: Some Practical Difficulties
Authors: Kumaran MK , Mukhopadhyaya P , Normandin N 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Though the definition of equilibrium moisture content of porous materials is straightforward from the point of view of equilibrium thermodynamics, experimental determination of this quantity may not always be easy. Many factors play roles from an experimentalist's point of view. Hysteresis, the reference dry state, the initial moisture content, the history of the test specimen, the size of the test specimen, the drying technique, and drying temperature—all influence the value that is arrived at by an experimentalist. This paper reports results from several series of measurements on gypsum board, eastern white pine, aerated concrete, and calcium silicate brick using the ASTM Standard C 1498 in the hygroscopic ranges and pressure plate techniques above the hygroscopic range of equilibrium moisture content. These results show the ambiguities that may surround the experimental definition of equilibrium moisture content. The results presented in the paper demand a few refinements in the existing ASTM Standard C 1498 as well as in the procedure that is used in the pressure plate method. The paper proposes a few refinements for both. The need for the development of an ASTM standard for the pressure plate technique is identified.
Coolants at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Claeys S , Lievens S 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Over the years, new performance requirements and environmental regulations have driven engine manufacturers to design new engines. The new engine technologies have resulted in different operating conditions in cooling systems. In general, a trend towards higher coolant temperatures is observed, which is expected to have an implication on the coolant stability and corresponding lifetime. In heavy duty applications, this trend is even more pronounced as engines are running longer and under more severe conditions. In this paper, a selection of different current coolant technologies available in the market have been tested to obtain more information on the influence of the coolant additive package on the thermal stability of the most commonly used coolant base fluid, mono ethylene glycol (MEG). For this reason glycol oxidation products have been measured after subjecting the coolants to high temperature oxidative conditions. In addition the physical/chemical stability of the coolants and corrosion protection level of the additive packages have been evaluated.
Development of Double Edge Notched Tension (DENT) Test for Asphalt Binders
Authors: Zofka Adam , Marasteanu Mihai 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental details of performing double edge notched tension (DENT) fracture tests on asphalt binders. The testing is performed using an existing direct tension (DT) test device and modificed molds for preparing the test specimens. The fracture toughness values obtained from DENT tests perfomed on nine different asphalt binders are in the reasonable agreement with the values published by other researchers. Further evaluation of the DENT and DT test results indicate that both produce similar trends in terms of failure strains. The KIC DENT results, however, have better repeatability compared to the DT results. The use of DENT test results to determine the critical cracking temperature in M 320-05 (former MP1a) AASHTO specification is discussed.
Predictors of Adherence to Antiretroviral Medications in Children and Adolescents With HIV Infection
Authors: Williams Paige L. , Storm Deborah , Montepiedra Grace , Nichols Sharon , Kammerer Betsy , Sirois Patricia A. , Farley John , Malee Kathleen ,   for the PACTG 219C Team
Published: November 2006

BACKGROUND. Most evaluations of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV infection have focused on validation of adherence measures via their association with virological outcomes. However, few studies have fully explored associations with other factors to guide development of adherence interventions.
METHODS. In this study, we examined the relationship of self-reported medication adherence to health, demographic, and psychosocial characteristics of children and their caregivers, using data from an ongoing multicenter prospective observational study of long-term outcomes of HIV infection conducted by the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Child and caregiver characteristics were evaluated for association with adherence via univariate and multiple logistic regression models.
RESULTS. Of the 2088 children and adolescents, 84% reported complete adherence to antiretroviral therapy medications over the past 3 days. The median viral load was ∼10 times higher among nonadherent than adherent children, and the strength of this association increased with age. Factors associated with at least marginally significant increases in nonadherence in a multiple logistic regression model included increasing age in years, female gender, detectable HIV viral load, occurrence of recent stressful life events, repeating a grade in school, self-assessment of adherence by the subject, and diagnosis of depression or anxiety. Having an adult other than the biological parent as the primary caregiver, using a buddy system to remember to take antiretroviral therapy medications, higher caregiver education level, previous adherence assessments, and taking antipsychotic medications were each associated with improved adherence. After controlling for these characteristics, there was no significant association of adherence with race, knowledge of HIV status, medication burden, CD4 percentage, or current antiretroviral therapy.
CONCLUSIONS. Rates of self-reported adherence were relatively high and were influenced by multiple child and family characteristics. These findings identify targets for adherence interventions and highlight the importance of evaluating and supporting the family environment to optimize adherence.
Dynamic Presurgical Nasal Remodeling in Patients with Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Modification to the Original Technique
Authors: Bennun Ricardo D. , Figueroa Alvaro A. 
Published: November 2006

Objective: To present technical modifications to the original presurgical nasal remodeling appliance introduced in 1991. The purpose of the modifications is to improve the cleft nasal deformity before unilateral and bilateral cleft lip repair. Method: The principle behind this technique, known as dynamic presurgical nasal remodeling (DPNR), is the use of the force generated during suction and swallowing. A conventional intraoral plate is built with a nasal extension added to the labial vestibular flange. The nasal extension was modified and consists of three components. The palatal plate is left loose in the mouth to generate a discontinuous but controlled impact directed to the affected nasal structures during suction and swallowing. The principle aim of the DPNR technique in unilateral cases is to improve the deformation of nasal structures by straightening the columella, elevating the nasal tip, and remodeling the depressed cleft side alar cartilages. In bilateral cases, the aims are to elongate the columella and to obtain nasal tip projection. Conclusions: The modifications introduced in the appliance enhance the original DPNR technique and are effective in ameliorating the initial cleft nasal deformity. This facilitates primary surgical cleft lip and nose correction and improves surgical outcomes in patients with complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate.