bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of small porous particles, high temperatures, and high pressures to generate very high resolution LC and LC/MS separations
Authors: Plumb Robert , Mazzeo Jeff R. , Grumbach Eric S. , Rainville Paul , Jones Michael , Wheat Tom , Neue Uwe D. , Smith Brian , Johnson Kelly A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of combining sub‐2 μm porous particles with elevated operating temperatures on chromatographic performance has been investigated in terms of chromatographic efficiency, productivity, peak elution order, and observed operating pressure. The use of elevated temperature in LC does not increase the obtainable performance but allows the same performance to be obtained in less time. Increasing the column temperature did allow the use of longer columns, generating column efficiencies in excess of 100 000 plates and gradient peak capacities approaching 1000. Raising the temperature increased the optimal mobile phase linear velocity, negating somewhat the pressure benefits observed by reducing the solvent viscosity. When operating at higher temperature the analyte retention is not only reduced, but the order of elution will also often change. High temperature separations allowed exotic organic modifiers such as isopropanol to be exploited for alternative selectivity and faster analysis. Finally, care must be taken when using high temperature separations to ensure that the narrow peak widths produced do not compromise the quality of data obtained from detectors such as high resolution mass spectrometers.
On the Distribution of the Ratio of the Measures of Divergence Between two Multivariate Populations
Authors: Consul Prem Chandra 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper we define a new statistic W as a logarithm of the ratio of measures of divergence (as defined by MAHALANOBIS or as defined by BHATTACHARYYA) between two multivariate populations and then we obtain the exact distribution of W by using Characteristic functions, Inversion Theorem and some other results of Operational Calculus. Some of the properties of W‐distribution have also been studied with the help of moments.
On Asymptotic Expansions of Ellipsoidal Wave Functions
Authors: Müller Harald J. W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn two previous papers it was shown that three pairs of asymptotic expansions exist for the solutions of the ellipsoidal wave equation: One pair in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions and two pairs in terms of Hermite functions. In the present investigation we show that the expansions can be joined in regions of common validity. We then identify these solutions with known functions, and finally derive asymptotic expansions for their normalization constants.
Asymptotische Eigenschaften von Lösungen homogener linearer Differentialgleichungen n‐ter Ordnung
Authors: Hustý Zdenêk 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit werden asymptotische Eigenschaften der Lösungen homogener linearer Differentialgleichung n‐ter Ordnung untersucht. Den Ausgangspunkt bilden die bekannten asymptotischen Formeln für Lösungen binomischer Differentialgleichungen zweiter Ordnung. Diese Formeln werden für Lösungen einer Differentialgleichung n‐ter Ordnung verallgemeinert.
Green function of discontinuous boundary‐value problem with transmission conditions
Authors: Akdoğan Z. , Demirci M. , Mukhtarov O. Sh. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with Sturm–Liouville‐type problems when the potential of the differential equation may have discontinuity at one inner point and the eigenparameter appears not only in the differential equation, but also in both boundary and transmission conditions. By modifying some techniques of (Two‐point boundary value problems with eigenvalue parameter contained in the boundary conditions. Proc. R. Soc. Edin. 1977; 77A:293–308; Eigenfunction Expenses Associated with Second‐Order Differential Equations I (2nd edn). Oxford University Press: London, 1962) we generalize some results of the classic regular Sturm–Liouville problems. In particular, we construct Green's function, and derive asymptotic approximation formulae for Green's function. Further, we introduce a new operator‐theoretic formulation in suitable Hilbert space such a way that the considered problem can be interpreted as the eigenvalue problem of this operator and constract the resolvent of this operator in terms of Green's function. Finally, we estimate the norm of resolvent of this operator. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheumatology nurses' work‐related empowerment
Authors: Juhola Heidi , Kukkurainen Marja Leena , Suominen Tarja 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective: The purpose of the study was to investigate rheumatology nurse specialists' work related empowerment.Method: Nine nurses undertaking graduate studies were asked to write an essay on ‘What work related skills does the rheumatology nurse need to master?’ In addition, one interview was conducted. The material was analysed using the method of inductive content analysis.Results: The following key areas of work related empowerment were identified as important: knowledge about rheumatic diseases; treatments and follow up monitoring care; knowledge about patient education and counselling; collaboration and the ability to co operate; mastery of manual skills and development of the quality of nursing care for patients with rheumatic disease.Conclusion: The study contributes to a better understanding of work related empowerment among rheumatology nurses. The results of the study can be used to develop the role components of healthcare professionals who attend patients with rheumatic disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral capacity exchange and its impact on capacity investment decisions
Authors: Chakravarty Amiya K. , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe study the problem of capacity exchange between two firms in anticipation of the mismatch between demand and capacity, and its impact on firm's capacity investment decisions. For given capacity investment levels of the two firms, we demonstrate how capacity price may be determined and how much capacity should be exchanged when either manufacturer acts as a Stackelberg leader in the capacity exchange game. By benchmarking against the centralized system, we show that a side payment may be used to coordinate the capacity exchange decisions. We then study the firms' capacity investment decisions using a biform game framework in which capacity investment decisions are made individually and exchange decisions are made as in a centralized system. We demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium capacity investment levels and study the impact of firms' share of the capacity exchange surplus on their capacity investment levels.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Development of novel conducting composites of linseed‐oil‐based poly(urethane amide) with nanostructured poly(1‐naphthylamine)
Authors: Ashraf Syed Marghoob , Ahmad Sharif , Riaz Uffana 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNovel conducting polymer composites of linseed‐oil‐based poly(urethane amide) (LPUA) were synthesized using nanostructured poly(1‐naphthylamine) (PNA). The combination of the electrically conducting PNA with LPUA was accomplished through different weight percent loadings (0.5–2.5 wt%) of the conducting polymer. The particle size of the nanocomposite was determined using transmission electron microscopy and was found to be in the range 17–27 nm. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the two polymers and formation of urea linkages were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of the nanostructured conducting composites at 2.5 wt% loading was found to be comparable to that reported for polyaniline (PANI)/polyurethane at 30 wt% loading of PANI. This shows the superior properties of PNA and its potential for application in anti‐static as well as corrosion‐protective coatings. The present method of formulation of composites using an oil‐based polymer matrix is useful and economically feasible in the sense that a great variety of oil‐based polymer matrices can be used to form composites that are ecologically safe and exhibit properties similar to commercial polymers. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Micellar structures of block‐copolymers with ordered cores in dilute solution as studied by polarized and depolarized light scattering
Authors: Lin Shaoliang , Lin Jiaping , Nose Takuhei , Iyoda Tomokazu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe hierarchical self‐assembly behaviors of a series of amphiphilic liquid crystalline block copolymers (pEGmAzn), consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (pEG) block and liquid crystalline polymer block (pAz) of poly{11‐[4‐(4‐butylphenylazo) phenoxy]‐undecyl methacrylate} containing an azobenzenzene mesogen, in the selective solvent diethyleneglycol, which is good for pEG block, were studied by polarized and depolarized light scattering. It was found that these copolymers can form micellar particles with internal ordered structures of optical anisotropy. Depending on the relative lengths of the blocks, the obtained micellar structures show optical anisotropies with different geometrical anisotropies. The higher composition of pAz‐core blocks leads to the larger aggregate. The lower‐molecular‐weight copolymers tend to form the long and thin strings, which show rather the larger size with larger aggregation number. Even at the similar composition of pAz‐core block, copolymers with different chain lengths can form the core of the different aggregating structures with the different molecular orientations. It was also found that the addition of a small amount of the surfactant, C12E25, makes the string‐like aggregate shorter. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1333–1343, 2007
Landscape scale determinants of periglacial features in subarctic Finland: a grid‐based modelling approach
Authors: Hjort Jan , Luoto Miska , Seppälä Matti 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIdentification of the environmental drivers of geomorphological processes in cold regions is a central topic in periglacial research. The objective of this study was to develop and test a methodology to: (1) predict the occurrence of palsas, earth hummocks, sorted solifluction sheets and periglacial deflation sites in a subarctic landscape and (2) determine the most important environmental factors affecting the distribution of these features at the landscape scale. The study was performed using an empirically‐derived data‐set of landforms from an area of 600 km2 in northern Finland at a 25 ha resolution (n = 2272). Logistic regression and hierarchical partitioning were used to analyse the data and the predictive performance of the models was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC) measures. The explanatory variables highlighted as important predictors of the occurrence of periglacial features coincided well with the hypothesised determinants. Predictions for palsa, earth hummock and sorted solifluction sheet models were excellent (AUC = 0.92–0.95) and the deflation site model was good (AUC = 0.81). The results encourage further application of the grid‐based modelling approach, for example in predicting feature occurrences in other periglacial regions, studying scale dependency of process‐environment interactions and determining the effect of climate change on the distribution of frost‐related processes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Vitro antifungal activity of extract and plumbagin from the stem bark of Diospyros crassiflora Hiern (Ebenaceae)
Authors: Dzoyem J. P. , Tangmouo J. G. , Lontsi D. , Etoa F. X. , Lohoue P. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this study the methanol/dichloromethane (1:1) extract and plumbagin isolated from extract of stem barks of Diospyros crassiflora were tested for their antifungal activity against 12 strains of yeast pathogens and filamentous fungi: Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Geotrichum candidum, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. The growth of all fungi strains tested was inhibited by the extract and plumbagin. The diameter of inhibition zones varied from 12 to 18 mm and from 21 to 35 mm for the extract and plumbagin, respectively. The MIC values ranged from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL for the extract and 0.78–3.12 µg/mL for plumbagin. It is therefore suggested that extracts from the stem bark of Diospyros crassiflora could be used traditionally in the treatment of fungal infections. Compared with ketoconazole used as a standard antifungal, plumbagin could be considered as a promising antifungal agent. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of the aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini on carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Moresco Rafael Noal , Sperotto Rita Leal , Bernardi Anie Schiavo , Cardoso Ricardo França , Gomes Patrícia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the aqueous Syzygium cumini leaf extract, given either as a single dose or by 7 days of pretreatment, on hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Blood samples obtained after treatments were measured for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). A significant increase in the AST and ALT activities occurred after carbon tetrachloride administration alone, which was significantly lowered by preadministration with the aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini, but not by a single dose. This suggests that the extract may be useful for liver protection but needs to be given over a significant period and prior to liver injury. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gedunin, a limonoid from Xylocarpus granatum, inhibits the growth of CaCo‐2 colon cancer cell line In Vitro
Authors: Uddin Shaikh J. , Nahar Lutfun , Shilpi Jamil A. , Shoeb Mohammad , Borkowski Tomasz , Gibbons Simon , Middleton Moira , Byres Maureen , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractXylocarpus granatum J. König (Meliaceae), commonly known as ‘dhundul’, is a Bangladeshi mangrove tree, and well distributed in a number of other countries of south‐east Asia, Australia and east Africa. Traditionally, X. granatum has been used as an astringent and febrifuge, and also for the treatment of fever, malaria, thrush, cholera, dysentery and diarrhoea in many countries including Bangladesh. Two limonoids, gedunin and 1α‐hydroxy‐1,2‐dihydrogedunin, the latter being new, have been isolated from the bark of Xylocarpus granatum by reversed‐phase preparative HPLC, and the structures were confirmed by spectroscopic means. The cytotoxic potential of gedunin has been evaluated by the Promega's CellTiter 96 non‐radioactive cell proliferation assay using the CaCo‐2 colon cancer cell line (IC50 = 16.83 µm). A summary of the biological activities of gedunin reported to date is also presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘successful failure’ of the sustainable development agreement between the Netherlands and Bhutan
Authors: Rinzin Chhewang , ten Velthuis Debberah N. , Vermeulen Walter J. V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article discusses the practice of implementing the Sustainability Treaty signed by Bhutan and the Netherlands in 1994. This unique treaty represents a new relationship between developed and developing countries, based upon the principles of reciprocity and equality. The operational aspects of this treaty and the impacts are addressed and analysed in this article. The analysis pays close attention to the implementation process in Bhutan and the Netherlands. The analysis includes a review of the policy documents, interviews and case studies of four projects. The core idea of the agreement was to deviate from the traditional form of cooperation by building a two‐way path, promoting equity, reciprocity and participation through dialogue, but it never succeeded in achieving its goal due to differences in political ideology and socio‐economic status and lack of shared vision. Yet, the analysis shows that the implementation has been a ‘successful failure’. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Communicative planning – friend or foe? Obstacles and opportunities for implementing sustainable development locally
Authors: Mannberg Mariann , Wihlborg Elin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThere is a growing understanding of the potential of spatial planning to constitute a co‐ordinating arena for sustainable development, and planning processes are expected to merge all dimensions of sustainability. Since the concrete manifestation of spatial planning takes place at a micro level, it all boils down to the need for bringing together stakeholders at municipal level in a well functioning planning processes. Alongside this viewpoint, there is also an increasing awareness of the need for a decentralization of such processes, bringing them closer to the grassroots. Communicative planning is a planning ideal and a theoretical stream that has developed from this new ‘paradigm’. It is based on citizen participation as a win–win situation, where the planning process builds a social sustainability, in turn enhancing the likelihood of the process to be successful. However, global and national visions of sustainability and local implementation are in many ways separate from one another. Bringing it further, to the individual level, the gaps are even wider. These gaps make the daily job for the planner increasingly complex and difficult. This article aims to contribute to understanding the characters of these gaps by describing them as four threats. The discussion is purely theoretical and based on the eight proposals of Goodin and Dryzek (2006) on possible pathways from micro‐level deliberation towards the macro political system. However, the seed of the discussion is based on the authors' joint experiences from a number of evaluations of planning processes carried out in a Swedish context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Individualized treatment rules: Generating candidate clinical trials
Authors: Petersen Maya L. , Deeks Steven G. , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIndividualized treatment rules, or rules for altering treatments over time in response to changes in individual covariates, are of primary importance in the practice of clinical medicine. Several statistical methods aim to estimate the rule, termed an optimal dynamic treatment regime, which will result in the best expected outcome in a population. In this article, we discuss estimation of an alternative type of dynamic regime—the statically optimal treatment rule. History‐adjusted marginal structural models (HA‐MSM) estimate individualized treatment rules that assign, at each time point, the first action of the future static treatment plan that optimizes expected outcome given a patient's covariates. However, as we discuss here, HA‐MSM‐derived rules can depend on the way in which treatment was assigned in the data from which the rules were derived. We discuss the conditions sufficient for treatment rules identified by HA‐MSM to be statically optimal, or in other words, to select the optimal future static treatment plan at each time point, regardless of the way in which past treatment was assigned. The resulting treatment rules form appropriate candidates for evaluation using randomized controlled trials. We demonstrate that a history‐adjusted individualized treatment rule is statically optimal if it depends on a set of covariates that are sufficient to control for confounding of the effect of past treatment history on outcome. Methods and results are illustrated using an example drawn from the antiretroviral treatment of patients infected with HIV. Specifically, we focus on rules for deciding when to modify the treatment of patients infected with resistant virus. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Percutaneous ultrasound‐guided sclerotherapy for complicated fetal intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration
Authors: Bermúdez C. , Pérez‐Wulff J. , Bufalino G. , Sosa C. , Gómez L. , Quintero R. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), which can be intralobar or extralobar, is a rare developmental anomaly of the lung characterized by nonfunctional pulmonary tissue without communication with the tracheobronchial tree and with an aberrant systemic arterial blood supply. The intralobar type is typically within the pleural cavity with an arterial feeding vessel generally arising from the thoracic aorta and with venous drainage into the left atrium. The prognosis is poor in cases diagnosed before 26 weeks' gestation and when there is mediastinal shift, polyhydramnios and fetal hydrops. The ideal prenatal management option remains undefined. We present a series of three complicated cases of intralobar BPS treated prenatally with percutaneous ultrasound‐guided fetal sclerotherapy (FST). The feeding vessel was successfully accessed percutaneously under ultrasound guidance in all cases. FST with polidocanol resulted in complete obliteration of the blood flow to the mass. Abnormal Doppler findings, ascites, hydrops and polyhydramnios resolved and all patients were delivered at term. Antenatal treatment of patients with complicated BPS can be successfully achieved with FST, which is a simple and inexpensive technique. Comparison of risks and benefits of this approach with other techniques is warranted. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length vs. Bishop score in labor induction at term: tolerability and prediction of Cesarean delivery
Authors: Tan P. C. , Vallikkannu N. , Suguna S. , Quek K. F. , Hassan J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo compare transvaginal sonography for cervical length measurement and digital examination for Bishop score assessment in women undergoing labor induction at term, to assess their tolerability (in terms of pain) and ability to predict need for Cesarean delivery.MethodsA prospective study was performed on 249 women admitted for labor induction. Cervical length was measured using transvaginal ultrasound examination. A 10‐point visual analog scale (VAS) for procedure‐related pain was obtained. Bishop score was determined just before labor induction and another pain score was obtained. Delivery outcome was recorded. Analyses were by t‐test, Fisher's exact test, receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsTransvaginal sonography was significantly less painful than digital examination for Bishop score assessment (mean difference in VAS score 3.46; P < 0.001). Analyses of the ROC curves for cervical length and Bishop score indicated that both were predictors of Cesarean delivery (area under the curve 0.611 vs. 0.607; P = 0.012 vs. P = 0.015, respectively) with optimal cut‐offs for predicting Cesarean delivery of > 20 mm for cervical length and Bishop score ⩽ 5. Cervical length had superior sensitivity (80% vs. 64%) and marginally better positive (30% vs. 27%) and negative (89% vs. 83%) predictive values. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only nulliparity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.1; 95% CI, 2.1–8.1; P < 0.001) and transvaginal sonographic cervical length > 20 mm (AOR 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4–8.1; P = 0.006) were independent predictors of Cesarean delivery.ConclusionsTransvaginal sonography for cervical length measurement is better tolerated than digital examination for Bishop score assessment. Both cervical length and Bishop score are useful predictors of the need for Cesarean delivery following labor induction. A cervical length > 20 mm at labor induction at term is an independent predictor of Cesarean delivery. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.