bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of underlying layers on the growth of 1D (Mg,Zn)O nanorods
Authors: Kong Bo Hyun , Jun Sang Ouk , Kim Young Yi , Kim Dong Chan , Cho Hyung Koun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe grew (Mg,Zn)O nanorods with different morphologies and growth directions on various substrates by the thermal evaporation process using vapor‐solid growth mode. The alignment and growth mode of the nanorods are significantly affected by the underlayer and substrates. By depositing ZnO and (Mg,Zn)O underlayers, the alignment of the (Mg,Zn)O nanorods was changed from random to vertical based on the substrate surface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Determination of midazolam and its hydroxy metabolites in human plasma and oral fluid by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Link Bettina , Haschke Manuel , Wenk Markus , Krähenbühl Stephan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMidazolam (MDZ), a short‐acting benzodiazepine, is a widely accepted probe drug for CYP3A phenotyping. Published methods for its analysis have used either therapeutic doses of MDZ, or, if employing lower doses, were mostly unable to quantify the two hydroxy metabolites. In the present study, a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of MDZ and two of its metabolites (1′‐hydroxymidazolam (1′‐OHMDZ) and 4‐hydroxymidazolam (4‐OHMDZ)) in human plasma and oral fluid. After liquid‐liquid extraction with hexane/dichloromethane (73:27, v/v), the analytes were separated on a Luna C18(2) (100 × 2.1 mm) analytical column using gradient elution. Detection was achieved using tandem mass spectrometry on an ion trap mass spectrometer. Midazolam‐d6 was used as internal standard for quantification. The calibration curves were linear (R2 >0.998) between 0.05 and 20 ng/mL for MDZ and both metabolites in both matrices. Using 1 mL samples, the limit of detection was 0.025 ng/mL and the limit of quantification was 0.05 ng/mL for MDZ and the hydroxy metabolites in both matrices. Intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies, determined at three different concentrations, were between 92.1 and 102.3% and the corresponding coefficients of variation were <7.3%. The average recoveries were 90.6%, 86.7% and 79.0% for MDZ, 1′‐OHMDZ and 4‐OHMDZ in plasma and 95.3%, 96.6% and 86.8% for MDZ, 1'‐OHMDZ and 4‐OHMDZ, respectively, in oral fluid. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study, showing that MDZ and its hydroxy metabolites can be determined precisely in in vivo samples obtained following a single oral or intravenous dose of 2 mg MDZ. The method appears to be useful for CYP3A phenotyping in plasma using sub‐therapeutic MDZ doses, but larger studies are needed to test this assumption. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The challenges of deep impact autonomous navigation
Authors: Kubitschek Daniel G. , Mastrodemos Nickolaos , Werner Robert A. , Synnott Stephen P. , Bhaskaran Shyam , Riedel Joseph E. , Kennedy Brian M. , Null George W. , Vaughan Andrew T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOn July 4, 2005 at 05:44:34 UTC the Impactor spacecraft (s/c) impacted comet 9P/Tempel 1 with a relative speed of more than 10 km/s. The Flyby s/c captured the impact event, using both the medium resolution imager and the high resolution imager, and tracked the impact site for the entire observing period following impact. The objective of the Impactor s/c was to impact in an illuminated area viewable from the Flyby s/c and telemeter high‐resolution context images of the impact site prior to impact. The Flyby s/c had two primary objectives: (1) capture the impact event in order to observe the ejecta plume expansion dynamics and (2) track the impact site for at least 800 s to observe the crater formation and capture high‐resolution images of the fully developed crater. All of these objectives were met by estimating the trajectory of each spacecraft relative to 9P/Tempel 1 using the autonomous navigation system, precise attitude information from the attitude determination and control subsystem, and allowing each spacecraft to independently select the same impact site. This paper describes the challenges of targeting and tracking comet 9P/Tempel 1. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using dangling bond density to characterize the surface energy of nanomaterials
Authors: Ma Fei , Xu Ke‐Wei 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTaking f.c.c Ag, Al, Au, Ir, Pd, Pt, Rh and b.c.c Cr, Fe, Mo, Nb, Ta, V, W as examples, the energetic and bonding features of unrelaxed cubic nanoparticles were investigated by the modified embedded atom method. The surface free energy increases almost inversely with the decreasing feature sizes. This is the essential reason for the fantastic microstructures and distinct properties observed at the nanometer scale. According to the analysis on atomic bonding states, we further found that the size‐dependent surface energy is directly associated with the dangling bond density. Summing up these two aspects, the dangling bond density, a microscopic parameter, is believed to be one of the intrinsic physical quantities characterizing the structures and properties of nanomaterials. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural control against failure interaction
Authors: Anton M. , Casciati F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractControl of structures against environmental loads, such as earthquakes and wind, is generally conceived as the protection of a system with no interaction with the surrounding buildings.When a large facility is considered, subsystems within it are identified and, in case, controlled. Attention is focused throughout this paper on the interaction of these subsytems in extreme conditions. The new concept of controlling the failure mode arises.The paper discusses the motivations leading one to adopt such an approach and the guidelines for its design.
Piezoelectric plates with changing thickness
Authors: Nicotra V. , Podio‐Guidugli P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA linear theory of electroelastic plates capable of thickness changes is presented. It is shown that, for transversely isotropic plates, the general boundary‐value problem decouples into a membrane problem and a flexure problem; in each subproblem, piezoelectric and electrostrictive effects are in order, with peculiar forms. An example is studied, where thickness changes in membrane regime are induced either by mechanical loads or by electric loads.
Optimal structural control in the frequency domain: Control in norm H2 and H∞
Authors: Palazzo B. , Petti L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo different optimal control strategies defined in the frequency domain are discussed in this paper. The general formulation of H2 and H∞ is reorganized in an easy way to be used for mechanical applications. Both the control methodologies are reviewed for general problems and applied to simple systems by showing their main mechanical aspects and differences. The two methods have been numerically compared in controlling the seismic response of a base isolated system equipped with a hybrid mass damper.
Fiber optic chloride threshold detectors for concrete structures
Authors: Fuhr Peter L. , Huston Dryver R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFiber optic sensors capable of measuring chloride ion concentrations within concrete structures have been developed. The sensors rely on a modification of Fajan's method for chemical reagent identification resulting in spectral changes occurring when a predetermined concentration level has been exceeded. While not a reversible process, the sensor housing has been designed such that components with different chloride concentration thresholds may be exchanged in a field setting once the unit has been embedded into the concrete structure. These sensors have been embedded into three bridges in Vermont. Details of the sensors, the installation process, and measurements from these instrumented structures are presented.
Fiber optic acoustic emission distributed crack sensor for large structures
Authors: Chen Z. , Ansari F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPreliminary experiments leading to the development of an optical fiber acoustic emission sensor is described. The objective was to develop a single sensor for simultaneous detection of acoustic emission events, from many locations within a large structure. The optical fiber sensor can be adhered to the surface of structural materials, i.e. steel or concrete. There are no individual sensor arrays or components built into the fiber. This characteristic provides simplicity and renders the system practical for applications in bridge structures. Alternatively, the optical fiber could be embedded in new concrete construction. Acoustic emissions from micro‐cracks or defects from various locations in the structure create stress wave perturbations in the optical fiber that are detected by a portable interferometer. Time‐domain measurements are instantaneous, in real‐time, and the entire structure is interrogated through a one‐time operation. The time domain signal acquired from the optical fiber discerns the number and locations of damage zones i.e., weld cracks, bolt‐hole cracks, corrosion activity, or brittle fracture of fibers in composite materials.
Use of the prony method for modal identification of slow‐evolutionary linear structures
Authors: Kukharenko B. G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe elements of the vibroprotection or seismoprotection systems (springs and dampers) undergo the processes of fatigue and aging. This entails the slow evolution of the systems parameters and results in the change of dynamical properties and the loss of the system performance. The paper develops the procedure of the modal identification of a linear base‐isolated structure with slow evolutionary parameters.The identification procedure starts from a time‐series representation of free transient vibration of a linear base isolated structure. The dynamical matrix of a linear system with constant parameters is defined from these time‐series by the Prony method. In this paper we extend the Prony method to systems with random loading and to systems with slow‐evolutionary parameters and propose the procedure of the approximate identification and estimation of the dynamical matrices. The numerical example of the two mass/string base isolated structure with dampers is considered.
Analysis of dynamics of structures including SMA members
Authors: Corbi O. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the paper the non‐linear nature of the dynamics of a simple structural model including pseudo‐elastic SMA members is dealt with. The purpose is to prove that pseudo‐elastic behaviour, which structural patterns can be provided with by the introduction of SMA devices, is able to neutralise most of the dangerous phenomena produced by the P — Δ effect; this includes a high sensitivity to possible asymmetry in the strength of the structure; a problem that has been rarely treated in the literature. The numerical investigation carried out with relation to the SMA modified structural system and to a simple elastic perfectly plastic model, shows that the adoption of SMA inclusions determines an immediate structural response stabilisation (even in case of asymmetric resistance of the model), while failing the classical system remains prone to failure.
Control of vibrations in TiNi by periodic martensitic transformations
Authors: Belyaev S. P. , Volkov A. E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPrinciples of vibration control based on the use of shape memory alloys (SMAs) are discussed. Control feasibilty is due to high damping properties of these alloys and their ability to produce deformation at heating in the course of the reverse martensitic transformation (shape memory effect). Control is based on the choice of a temperature variation law of the SMA active part introduced into a vibrating system. As an experiment, vibration of a torsional pendulum at a constant temperature and under periodic heat inpulses is studied. In the course of each impulse the active part material made of TiNi is transformed into austenite and then back to martensite after heating stops. Depending on the impulse time position in reference to the vibration phase, three types of control are obtained: high damping, amplification and support of sustained vibrations. Theoretical simulation of these phenomena is based on a microstructural model of the SMAs mechanical behaviour. Temperature regimes resulting in the best vibration damping are determined for a pendulum with a large elastic and small SMA rods.
Developmental effects of ±3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine on spatial versus path integration learning: Effects of dose distribution
Authors: Vorhees Charles V. , Schaefer Tori L. , Williams Michael T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that postnatal day 11–20 ±3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) exposure reduces locomotor activity and impairs path integration and spatial learning independent of the effects on activity. The effects were seen when the drug was administered twice per day, but the optimal dosing regimen is unknown. We tested whether the same total daily dose of MDMA administered in different patterns would equally affect later behavior. A split‐litter design (15 litters) was used with one male/female pair per litter receiving one of four treatment regimens. All offspring received four injections per day on P11–20 as follows: 40 × 1 (40 mg/kg MDMA × 1 + saline × 3), 20 × 2 (20 mg/kg MDMA × 2 + saline × 2), 10 × 4 (10 mg/kg MDMA × 4), or Saline (saline × 4). Doses were spaced 2 h apart. Group 40 × 1 received MDMA as the first daily dose followed by three saline doses; group 20 × 2 received MDMA as the first and last dose and saline for the middle two doses; group 10 × 4 received MDMA for all four doses; and the saline group received saline for all four doses. Regardless of dose schedule, all groups treated with MDMA exhibited reduced locomotor activity. No MDMA effects were found on swimming ability in a straight channel. Modest MDMA effects were found on Barnes maze performance. The major findings were that the 40 × 1 and 20 × 2 MDMA groups showed impaired Cincinnati multiple T‐water‐maze learning and the 10 × 4 and 20 × 2 MDMA groups showed impaired Morris water maze learning. The results suggest that MDMA dose distribution has a long‐term differential effect on different types of learning. Dose distribution warrants greater attention in the design of developmental drug studies along with the standard considerations of dose and age. Synapse 61:488‐499, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple transporter trafficking model for amphetamine‐induced dopamine efflux
Authors: Thwar Prasanna K. , Guptaroy Bipasha , Zhang Minjia , Gnegy Margaret E. , Burns Mark A. , Linderman Jennifer J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAmphetamine and its derivatives are important drugs of abuse causing both short‐term excitatory and long‐term addictive effects. The short‐term excitatory effects are linked to amphetamine's ability to maintain high levels of dopamine (DA) outside the cell both by inhibiting DA reuptake after synaptic transmission and by enhancing the efflux of DA from the dopaminergic cells. The molecular mechanisms by which amphetamine elicits the efflux of DA and similar monoamines are still unclear. Recent literature data suggest that trafficking of the monoamine transporters is a phenomenon that underlies observed changes in amphetamine‐induced monoamine reuptake and efflux. We develop an ordinary differential equation model incorporating the diverse mechanistic details behind amphetamine‐induced DA efflux and demonstrate its utility in describing our experimental data. We also demonstrate an experimental method to track the time‐varying concentration of membrane‐bound transporter molecules from the DA efflux data. The good fit between our model and the experimental data supports the hypothesis that amphetamine‐induced transporter trafficking is necessary to produce extended efflux of DA. This model can explain the relative significance of different processes associated with DA efflux at different times and at different concentration ranges of amphetamine and DA. Synapse 61:500–514, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Implications of Product Architecture on the Firm
Authors: Yassine Ali A. , Wissmann Luke A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractProduct architecture defines the functional requirements within a product system, maps these requirements to physical elements or subsystems, and describes the interaction between these physical elements. In spite of the diverse literature on the topic, it is clear that the implications on the firm have not been clearly outlined. In an attempt to fill this void, this paper offers a framework for classifying the vast amount of existing literature relevant to product architecture and summarizes the managerial implications. The proposed framework classifies the impact of product architecture on the firm along two dimensions: “facet of the firm” and “what is managed.” The facet dimension indicates which system element (i.e., organization, product, or consumer) a piece of research considers and the second dimension categorizes how value is created by the facet (managing portfolios, establishing a structure, or executing processes). The key domains surrounding product architecture are research domains in and of themselves. Nevertheless, the task of this paper is to articulate the concepts and research at the intersection of these key domains with product architecture. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 10: 118– 137, 2007
Japanese R&D management in the 1990s: An overture to the industrial revolution of the twenty‐first century
Authors: Kokubo Atsuro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the past, the Japanese R&D effort has focused primarily on improving products. Today's Japanese industrial leaders believe that the twenty‐first century will bring a new “industrial revolution” that will change the focus of R&D more toward creating new world‐class products rather than merely improving old ones.
Export behavior of small firms: The impact of managerial attitudes
Authors: Moini A. H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPerception of risk, profit and obstacles to initiation of an export marketing is important in determining the firm's export involvement. Research findings indicate that non‐exporters do not have different perception of export profitability and riskiness from exporters. However, non‐exporters believed exporting requires too much up‐front cost in order to initiate an export program. Moreover, non‐exporters perceive the difficulty in finding foreign markets as the major obstacle to export, while exporters believe that the high value of dollar is the major obstacle to their export involvement.
Investing in Eastern Europe: Perspectives of chief financial officers
Authors: Welch Jonathan B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study surveyed senior corporate financial executives to determine their views on Eastern European business opportunities. Responses cover a broad range of topics and provide new insight into their perceptions and experiences about key factors that influence investment decisions: expected profitability, risk, resources, and timing. An optimistic view emerged. This is noteworthy in light of the reputation of CFOs for caution, conservatism, and reticence. Their perception of a favorable return‐risk ratio may serve as further encouragement for those considering Eastern European ventures. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Revision uvulopalatoplasty by Z‐palatoplasty
Authors: Friedman Michael , Duggal Praveen , Joseph Ninos J. 
Published: April 2007

ObjectiveTo study the effectiveness of Z‐palatoplasty (ZPP) for patients with persistent obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) after previous uvulopharyngopalatoplasty (UP3).SettingProspective study of 31 subjects who sought revision surgery in university‐affiliated medical center.Study DesignIn accord with Institutional Review Board approval, 40 consenting adult patients with persistent, progressive, or recurrent OSAHS of moderate/severe severity despite previous UP3 surgeries were enrolled. All patients had preoperative subjective assessment of daytime sleepiness, quality of life, and snoring level. All patients underwent revision ZPP, radiofrequency tongue‐base reduction, and often repair of nasopharyngeal stenosis. Follow‐up continued for 6 months.ResultsThirty‐one patients completed the study. No patient demonstrated clinically significant postoperative velopharyngeal incompetence after 14 weeks. No major perioperative complications occurred. Subjective improvement was achieved in all patients, and objective cure was achieved in 21 patients (67.7%).ConclusionsZ‐palatoplasty is safe and effective for selected patients who have failed UP3.
Clopidogrel (Plavix) reduces the rate of thrombosis in the rat tuck model for microvenous anastomosis
Authors: Moore Michael G. , Deschler Daniel G. 
Published: April 2007

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of clopidogrel on the rate of thrombosis in a rat model for venous microvascular failure.Study Design and SettingForty rats were treated with clopidogrel or saline control via gastric gavage in a randomized, blinded fashion. After allowing for absorption and activation, each femoral vein was isolated and a venous “tuck” procedure was performed. The bleeding time and vessel patency were subsequently evaluated.ResultsThe rate of vessel thrombosis was decreased in the clopidogrel‐treated group compared to controls (7.9% vs 31.4%, P < 0.025). The bleeding time was longer in the clopidogrel‐treated group compared to controls (250 ± 100 seconds vs 173 ± 59 seconds, P < 0.015).ConclusionClopidogrel decreased the rate of thrombosis in the rat model for venous microvascular failure.SignificanceThe use of clopidogrel may reduce the rate of venous thrombosis after free tissue transfer and may be indicated in select patients.
Immunoscintigraphy of patients with head and neck carcinomas, with an anti‐angiogenetic antibody fragment
Authors: Birchler Manfred T. , Thuerl Christina , Schmid Daniel , Neri Dario , Waibel Robert , Schubiger August , Stoeckli Sandro J. , Schmid Stephen , Goerres Gerrhard W. 
Published: April 2007

ObjectiveIn a phase I/II clinical study, we investigated tumor targeting in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), using an antibody directed against the extra‐domain‐B of fibronectin (EDB), a marker of angiogenesis and tissue remodeling.Study Design And SettingFive patients with SCC were injected with the 123‐iodine‐radiolabeled L19(scFv)2 antibody and underwent scintigraphic detection with single photon emission tomography with computerized tomography (SPECT/CT). In addition, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography with computerized tomography (PET/CT) was performed.ResultsSuccessful targeting of the primary tumor could be achieved in 4 of 5 patients and was comparable to PET imaging. No side effects were observed.ConclusionsTumor targeting with the L19(scFv)2 antibody is also feasible for head and neck SCC.SignificanceThese results may serve as a base for future therapeutical applications in human beings, with modified versions of the L19(scFv)2 antibody, designed to selectively deliver bioactive molecules into malignant tumors.