bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile synthesis and high optical activity of poly(1‐pentyne)s carrying amino‐acid pendant groups
Authors: Lai Lo Ming , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2006

Abstract1‐Pentynes containing different amino acid moieties and pendant terminal groups {HCC(CH2)2CONHC(R′)HCO2CH3, where R′ = CH3, CH2CH(CH3)2, CH2C6H5, and HCC(CH2)2CONHC[CH2CH(CH2)3]HCO2‐(1R,2S,5R)‐(+)‐menthol} have been designed and synthesized. The polymerizations of the monomers are effected by organorhodium catalysts, giving soluble polymers with moderate molecular weights in satisfactory yields. The structures and properties of the polymers have been characterized and evaluated with infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, circular dichroism, and ultraviolet analyses. All the polymers are thermally stable (≥300 °C) and show strong circular dichroism signals at ∼310 nm because of the helicity of the polyene backbone. The circular dichroism and ultraviolet absorptions of the polymers can be tuned with a solvent. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6190–6201, 2006
A bicyclic conjugated diene monomer, tetrahydroindene, for cationic polymerization and a novel alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer with heat resistance
Authors: Mizuno Naomi , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis study was directed toward the cationic polymerization of tetrahydroindene (i.e., bicyclo[4.3.0]‐2,9‐nonadiene), a bicyclic conjugated diene monomer, with a series of Lewis acids, especially focusing on the synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight polymers and subsequent hydrogenation for novel cycloolefin polymers with high service temperatures. EtAlCl2 or SnCl4 induced an efficient and quantitative cationic polymerization of tetrahydroindene to afford polymers with relatively high molecular weights (number‐average molecular weight > 20,000) and 1,4‐enchainment bicyclic main‐chain structures. The subsequent hydrogenation of the obtained poly(tetrahydroindene) with p‐toluenesulfonyl hydrazide resulted in a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon polymer with a relatively high glass transition (glass‐transition temperature = 220 °C) and improved pyrolysis temperature (10% weight loss at 480 °C). The new diene monomer was randomly copolymerized with cyclopentadiene at various feed ratios in the presence of EtAlCl2 to give novel cycloolefin copolymers, which were subsequently hydrogenated into alicyclic copolymers with variable glass‐transition temperatures (70–220 °C). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6214–6225, 2006
Copolymerization of carbon dioxide and cyclohexene oxide with zinc/β‐ketoiminato complexes: Investigating the influence of the electron structure of zinc/β‐ketoiminato complexes on the catalytic activity and resultant copolymer properties
Authors: Liu Binyuan , Tian Chunying , Zhang Li , Yan Weidong , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA series of LZnX zinc/β‐ketoiminato complexes [L = CH3C(OH)C(CH2CHCH2)C(CH3)NAr (L1), CH3C(OH)C(CH2CH2CN)C(CH3)NAr (L2), CH3C(OH)C(CH2C6H5)C(CH3)NAr (L3), or CH3C(OH)CHC(CH3)NAr (L4); Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3; and initiation group X = alcoholate or acetate (for L1) or alcoholate (for L2–L4)] were synthesized, and their activities toward the copolymerization of carbon dioxide with cyclohexene oxide were determined. The 3‐position substituents on the β‐ketoiminato ligand backbone of the zinc/β‐ketoiminato complexes played an important role not only in the catalytic activity but also in the intrinsic viscosity, chemical composition, and refined microstructure of the resultant copolymers. The order of the catalytic activity of L1ZnX with different initiation groups (X = OMe, OiPr, or OAc) was L1Zn (OiPr) > L1Zn (OMe) > L1Zn (OAc), being the opposite of the order of the leaving ability of the initiation groups. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6243–6251, 2006
Michael addition polymerizations of difunctional amines (AA′) and triacrylamides (B3)
Authors: Wang Ding , Zheng Zhiju , Hong Chunyan , Liu Ye , Pan Caiyuan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNovel hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s containing tertiary amines on the backbones and acryl or secondary amines as the surface groups were successfully synthesized via the Michael addition polymerizations of a triacrylamide [1,3,5‐triacryloylhexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (TT)] and a difunctional amine [n‐butylamine (BA)] NMR techniques were used to clarify the structures of hyperbranched polymers and polymerization mechanism. The reactivity of the secondary amine formed in situ was much lower than that of the primary amines in BA. When the feed molar ratio was 1:1 TT/BA, the secondary amine formed in situ was almost kept out of the reaction before the BA (AA′) and TT (B3) monomers were consumed, and this led to the formation of A′B2 intermediates containing one secondary amine group and two acryl groups. The self‐polymerization of the A′B2 intermediates produced hyperbranched polymers bearing acryl as surface groups. For the polymerization with the feed molar ratio of 1:2 TT/BA, A′2B intermediates containing one acryl group and two secondary amine groups were accumulated until self‐polymerization started; the self‐polymerization of the intermediates formed hyperbranched polymers with secondary amines as their surface groups. Modifications of surface functional groups were studied to form new hyperbranched polymers. The hyperbranched poly(amido amine)s were amorphous. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6226–6242, 2006
Psychosocial registry for persons with cancer: a method of facilitating quality of life and symptom research
Authors: Daly Barbara J. , Douglas Sara L. , Foley Helen , Lipson Amy , Liou Chiou‐Fang [Emily] , Bowman Karen , Kwilosz Donna , Koroukian Siran , O'Toole Elizabeth , Smyth Kathleen , Townsend Aloen , VonGruenigen Vivian , Rose Julia 
Published: September 2006

AbstractResearch focused on the psychosocial aspects of the experience of persons with cancer and their family caregivers is hampered by the methodological challenges inherent in quality of life research. A data registry offers a potential solution to many of these problems in providing a large, comprehensive database, using standardized instruments. We report here our preliminary experience with establishing a Psychosocial Registry designed to advance research in the psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of quality of life of newly diagnosed cancer patients and their family caregivers. The first six months of enrollment demonstrated that the majority of newly diagnosed patients approached for consent (68%) and their primary family caregiver (92%) were willing to participate in the registry; of these, 80% also agreed to be contacted in the future for additional studies. Face‐to‐face interview was the preferred method of data collection. Our preliminary experience suggests that continuation of the registry with the current modest level of resources would generate a sample of approximately 1000 patients in three years. The long‐range goal is to establish a national psychosocial data registry that will enroll patients at diagnosis and follow them through the entire cancer experience, including end of life or survivorship. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seeking informed consent to cancer clinical trials; evaluating the efficacy of doctor communication skills training
Authors: Brown R. F. , Butow P. N. , Boyle F. , Tattersall M. H. N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIntroduction: Clinical trials have come to be regarded as the gold standard for treatment evaluation. However, many doctors and their patients experience difficulties when discussing trial participation, leading to poor accrual to trials and questionable quality of informed consent. We have previously developed a communication skills training program based on a typology for ethical communication about Phase II and III clinical trials within four categories. The training program consisted of a 1 day experiential workshop that included didactic teaching, exemplary video and role play. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the communication skills training workshop.Method: Oncologists were recruited from three major teaching hospitals conducting oncology outpatient clinics in three Australian capital cities. Ten oncologists and 90 of their adult cancer patients who were eligible for a Phase II or III clinical trial participated. Ninety informed consent consultations were audiotaped before (n = 59) and after (n = 31) training, and fully transcribed. The presence or absence of each domain component was coded and these were summed within categories. A coding manual was produced which enabled standardization of the coding procedure. Patients completed questionnaires before and after the consultation, and doctors completed a short measure of satisfaction after the consultation.Results: Doctors increased their use of some aspects of shared decision‐making behavior (t87 = −1.945, p = 0.05) and described some aspects of essential ethical/clinical information more commonly. In addition they used less coercive behaviors (z = −1.976, p = 0.048). However, they did not provide more clinical information or structure their consultations in the recommended fashion. Patients in the post‐training cohort reported more positive attitudes to clinical trials, but other outcomes were not affected by the intervention.Conclusions: This short training programme demonstrated limited success in improving the oncologist's communication skills when gaining informed consent. A larger randomized controlled trial of extended training is now underway. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physicians are different when they learn communication skills: influence of the locus of control
Authors: Libert Yves , Merckaert Isabelle , Reynaert Christine , Delvaux Nicole , Marchal Serge , Etienne Anne‐Marie , Boniver Jacques , Klastersky Jean , Scalliet Pierre , Slachmuylder Jean‐Louis , Razavi Darius 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPurpose: Although it is widely recognised that educational interventions may be more effective for people with an ‘internal’ Locus of Control (who believe that life outcomes are controlled by their own characteristics or actions) compared to people with an ‘external’ Locus of Control (who believe that life outcomes are controlled by external forces such as luck, fate or others), no study has yet assessed the influence of physicians' Locus of Control (LOC) on communication skills learning. This study aims to test the hypothesis that, in a communication skills training program, physicians with an ‘internal’ LOC would demonstrate communication skills acquisition to a greater degree than those with an ‘external’ LOC.Methods: A non‐randomised longitudinal intervention study was conducted between January 1999 and April 2001. Sixty‐seven volunteer physicians from private and institutional practice in Belgium participated in a learner‐centred, skills‐focused, practice‐oriented communication skills training program. Communication skills changes were assessed in 2 standardised simulated interviews before and after training (one two‐person and one three‐person interview). Communication skills were assessed using the Cancer Research Campaign Workshop Evaluation Manual. Physicians' LOC was assessed using the Rotter I‐E scale. Communication skills changes of the upper and lower third of physicians in respect of their scores on this scale were compared using group by time repeated measures of variance.Results: In the two‐person and three‐person interviews, changes in the use of open directive questions were more important among physicians with an “internal” LOC compared with changes observed among physicians with an ‘external’ LOC (P=0.066 and P=0.004, respectively). In the three‐person interview, changes in the use of directive questions, assessing functions and moderate feelings stated explicitly were more important among physicians with an ‘internal’ LOC compared with changes observed among physicians with an ‘external’ LOC (P= 0.001; P=0.002 and P=0.011 respectively).Conclusion: This study shows that physicians' LOC is a psychological characteristic that could influence the efficacy of a communication skills training program. This evidence supports the idea that a psychological characteristic such as ‘internal’ LOC may facilitate communication skills acquisition through physicians' belief that communication with patients may be controlled by physicians themselves. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifaceted psychosocial intervention program for breast cancer patients after first recurrence: feasibility study
Authors: Akechi Tatsuo , Taniguchi Koji , Suzuki Shimako , Okamura Masako , Minami Hironobu , Okuyama Toru , Furukawa Toshiaki A. , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe developed a novel multifaceted psychosocial intervention program which involves screening for psychological distress and comprehensive support including individually tailored psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy provided by mental health professionals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of the intervention program and its preliminary usefulness for reducing clinical psychological distress experienced by patients with recurrent breast cancer. The subjects who participated in the 3 months intervention program completed psychiatric diagnostic interview and several self‐reported measures regarding psychological distress, traumatic stress, and quality of life. The assessments were conducted before the intervention (T1), after the intervention (T2), and 3 months after the intervention (T3). A total of 50 patients participated in the study. The rates of participation in and adherence to the intervention program were 85 and 86%, respectively. While the proportion of psychiatric disorders at T2 (11.6%) was not significantly different from that at T1 (22.0%) (p = 0.15), the proportion of that at T3 (7.7%) had significantly decreased compared with that at T1 (p = 0.005). The novel intervention program is feasible, is a promising strategy for reducing clinically manifested psychological distress and further controlled studies are warranted. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular and functional changes of pulmonary surfactant in response to hyperoxia
Authors: Dombrowsky Heike , Tschernig Thomas , Vieten Gertrud , Rau Gunnar A. , Ohler Florian , Acevedo Christa , Behrens Clemens , Poets Christian F. , von der Hardt Horst , Bernhard Wolfgang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSurfactant comprises phosphatidylcholine (PC) together with anionic phospholipids, neutral lipids, and surfactant proteins SP‐A to‐D. Its composition is highly specific, with dipalmitoyl‐PC, palmitoyl‐myristoyl‐PC, and palmitoyl‐palmitoleoyl‐PC as its predominant PC species, but with low polyunsaturated phospholipids. Changes in pulmonary metabolism and function in response to injuries depend on their duration and whether adaptation can occur. We examined in rats prolonged (7 days) versus acute (2 days) exposure to non‐lethal oxygen concentrations (85%) with respect to the composition and metabolism of individual lung phospholipid molecular species. Progressive inflammation, structural alteration, and involvement of type II pneumocytes were confirmed by augmented bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, broadening of alveolar septa, and increased granulocyte, macrophage, SP‐A, and SP‐D concentrations. Surfactant function was impaired after 2 days, but normalized with duration of hyperoxia, which was attributable to inhibition but not to alteration in SP‐B/C concentrations. Phospholipid pool sizes and PC synthesis by lung tissue, as assessed by [methyl‐3H]‐choline incorporation, were unchanged after 2 days, although after 7 days they were elevated 1.7‐fold. By contrast, incorporation of labeled PC into tissue pools of surfactant and lung lavage fluid decreased progressively. Moreover, concentrations of arachidonic acid containing phospholipids were augmented at the expense of saturated palmitoyl‐myristoyl‐PC and dipalmitoyl‐PC. We conclude a persisting impairment in the intracellular trafficking and secretion of newly synthesized PC, accompanied by a progressive increase in alveolar arachidonic acid containing phospholipids in spite of recovery of acutely impaired surfactant function and adaptive increase of overall PC synthesis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1025–1039. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of the prevalence of urinary incontinence in girls with cystic fibrosis, asthma, and healthy controls
Authors: Prasad S.A. , Balfour‐Lynn I.M. , Carr S.B. , Madge S.L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUrinary incontinence (UI) is recognized as a significant problem in adult females with cystic fibrosis and can often have a marked impact on day‐to‐day activities. The prevalence and severity of UI in the pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) female population is less clear and there are no comparative data with healthy children or children with other respiratory disorders. An anonymous self‐completed semi‐structured questionnaire was used to study the prevalence rates of UI in girls with CF aged between 11 and 17 and compared it to age‐matched asthmatic and healthy girls. The prevalence of UI in girls with CF was significantly higher (17/51, 33%) than the asthmatic (4/25, 16%) and healthy girls (2/27, 7%) (P = 0.02). It may manifest as early as 11 years of age and is associated with increasing lung disease. Surprisingly it is perceived as a relatively minor problem in terms of the distress it causes. Pediatric CF clinics should be routinely addressing UI as a potential problem in all girls from the age of 11 years. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1065–1068. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of inhalation technique and determinants of incorrect performance among children with asthma
Authors: Walia Mandeep , Paul Lincy , Satyavani A. , Lodha Rakesh , Kalaivani Mani , Kabra S.K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe objective of our study was to evaluate the pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) with holding chamber technique of asthmatic children attending out patient pediatric chest clinic and determine factors associated with incorrect technique. All patients had previously received instructions regarding inhalation technique. The inhalation technique was assessed on a five‐point checklist, four of which were considered essential. Two hundred and thirteen children (mean ± SD age, 7.3 ± 3.8 years; 151 boys) completed the study. Children were using their inhaler for a median duration of 6 months (range 1–96 months). One hundred and eighty‐eight patients (88.3%) performed all essential steps correctly. The commonest mistake among the essential steps was not shaking the inhaler (n = 21, 9.9%) followed by inability to make a tight seal around the mouthpiece of the holding chamber (n = 12, 5.6%). Correct technique was not affected by gender, asthma severity and socio‐economic indices: education level of parents, percapita monthly income, rural or urban background. Our study indicates that a large majority of children from a developing country setting, irrespective of lower education and income levels can be successfully educated to appropriately use inhalation device. Inhalation performance is not affected by socio‐economic background of the patients. Comprehensive inhalation instructions and monitoring at each visit are however critical to ensure reliable and consistent performance of correct technique among asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1082–1087. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Critical assessment of the automated AutoDock as a new docking tool for virtual screening
Authors: Park Hwangseo , Lee Jinuk , Lee Sangyoub 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA major problem in virtual screening concerns the accuracy of the binding free energy between a target protein and a putative ligand. Here we report an example supporting the outperformance of the AutoDock scoring function in virtual screening in comparison to the other popular docking programs. The original AutoDock program is in itself inefficient to be used in virtual screening because the grids of interaction energy have to be calculated for each putative ligand in chemical database. However, the automation of the AutoDock program with the potential grids defined in common for all putative ligands leads to more than twofold increase in the speed of virtual database screening. The utility of the automated AutoDock in virtual screening is further demonstrated by identifying the actual inhibitors of various target enzymes in chemical databases with accuracy higher than the other docking tools including DOCK and FlexX. These results exemplify the usefulness of the automated AutoDock as a new promising tool in structure‐based virtual screening. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A tunable‐fairness cross‐layer scheduler for DVB‐S2
Authors: Vieira F. , Vázquez Castro M. A. , Seco Granados G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAdaptability of the physical layer has become mandatory for unicast services by the second generation of the DVB‐S standard, DVB‐S2. This introduces new challenges as well as degrees of freedom in the design of the packet schedulers operating on the forward link. A main challenge lies in providing quality‐of‐service (QoS) suitable for multimedia applications meeting at the same time the required service level agreements (SLA). In this paper, we present a cross‐layer approach for the design of the forward link packet scheduler that introduces fairness as a tunable parameter. This approach makes it possible to dynamically adapt the scheduler behaviour in order to guarantee fairness depending on the channel conditions. The proposed algorithm also supports differentiation of services that comply with the requirements for implementing QoS. An example scenario is proposed and system performance is computed as a function of the tunable fairness index. Our results show that tunable fairness is an effective scheduling tool for broadband satellite systems implementing adaptive physical layer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of rate compatible block turbo codes for multimedia application in satellite communication network
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Ryoo Sunheui , Seob Ahn Do 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we evaluate the performance of the hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme combined with adaptive coding in satellite communication systems. A cross‐layer design which combines the ARQ scheme in the data link layer and adaptive coding and modulation in the physical layer is very important to maximize system throughput and/or performance. Due to the long round trip delay in satellite systems, the strategy to adopt may need to be different from that is used in the terrestrial systems. A rate compatible code is a desirable scheme for adaptive coding and hybrid ARQ. In this paper, we propose an adaptive coding scheme with hybrid ARQ using rate compatible block turbo codes, and demonstrate its performance on a mobile satellite channel for multimedia applications. The proposed rate compatible block turbo codes are a very effective tool to improve the performance of satellite systems using adaptive coding with hybrid ARQ. The simulation results presented in this paper reveal that the hybrid ARQ scheme combined with adaptive coding can improve the system performance by effectively compensating for the various channel attenuations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.