bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of a high‐speed polarization controller based on a vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser
Authors: Hasebe Koichi , Onishi Yutaka , Koyama Fumio 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPhotonic networks have gained attention as the next generation optical communication system because their communication processes use wavelength information in the optical region. Generally, because the polarization states of the optical wavelengths propagating in optical fibers are irregular, strong noise is generated because the optical devices constructing the photonic network exhibit a dependence on polarized light. To suppress this noise, polarization control becomes an important technology. In this research, we propose a new polarization controller to bring out the superior features of the surface‐emitting laser and examine its dynamic characteristics. In this paper, we also conduct analysis based on the multimode rate equations that consider high‐order lateral modes and polarization modes, and dynamic analysis of the polarization controller based on analyzing the optical inverter characteristics obtained by the lateral mode switching, which becomes the fundamental principle of the light input and output. Based on the static and dynamic characteristics, we demonstrated the possibility of a high‐speed polarization controller using a surface‐emitting laser structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(1): 41– 49, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20258
Heavy‐ion induced current in MOS structure
Authors: Takahashi Yoshihiro , Shibata Toshihiko , Ohnishi Kazunori , Hirao Toshio , Onoda Shinobu , Kamiya Tomihiro 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe studied the mechanism for generation of transient current in MOS structures during heavy‐ion irradiation. In heavy‐ion (argon, oxygen) irradiation tests on Al gate MOS diodes, we observed irradiation‐induced transient current only in bias conditions where the semiconductor surface is in a depletion condition, and found that the peak value was dependent on the applied voltage during irradiation, the oxide film thickness, and the linear energy transfer of heavy ion. In addition, in a comparison of calculation results and test results using a device simulation, we found that a model of the oxide film as a perfectly insulating film can be used to quantitatively explain the test results, and confirmed that the displacement current component of the heavy‐ion induced current in the MOS structure transmitted via the oxide film is dominant. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(1): 32–40, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20274
Theoretical analysis of tunneling phenomenon in asymmetrical triple‐barrier structures with outer wells
Authors: Takura Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Hiroaki 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe impact of the outer wells on tunneling characteristics is theoretically studied in a new structure with outer wells consisting of wells on both sides of an asymmetrical triple barrier structure. First, the theoretical equation for the transmission coefficient is derived and the resonance conditions are studied. It is found that resonance is not related to the existence of the outer wells and is governed by the two resonance conditions independently existing in the two wells between the barriers. Second, the dwell time of electrons at the two resonant energy values is analyzed. The dwell time in the triple barrier structure with outer wells is compressed to about 14% at the maximum in comparison with the dwell time in the triple barrier structure without outer wells. Even if the dwell time is compared with that in the structure with a prewell, which is a conventional way of reducing the dwell time, a reduction to about 60% is realized. Also, with regard to the current density versus voltage characteristics for the structure with outer wells, it is found that a large current flows at a lower voltage than in the structure without outer wells. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(1): 20–31, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20275
The frequency adjustment method of quartz crystal unit using a quick response evaporation source
Authors: Shiono Tadahisa , Kubo Shinichi , Ito Makoto , Shimizu Yasuhito , Tsuchikura Kazuo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn the manufacture of quartz crystal units, there is a frequency adjustment process in which the individual frequencies are measured and matched to each other, resulting in a frequency adjustment method based on the use of a resistance heating evaporation source to deposit Ag, Au, and other electrode materials. The frequency measurement method used for quartz crystal units has been the oscillation method, and we proposed a transmission method based on a network analyzer and π circuit to improve measurement precision, and a standby method based on a CW sweep to increase measurement speed. We then developed a quick response evaporation source control method adapted for the proposed method. Because the CW sweep standby method sweeps only one point, measurement can be performed in a shorter time than with a linear sweep. In addition, since we were able to perform high‐precision adjustment in a short time, we implemented rate switching, starting adjustment at a high rate and finishing at a low rate, and then controlled the evaporation source so that the rate remained fixed during standby time. As a result, we were able to switch the rate in three stages for a normal frequency adjustment volume of about 1000 ppm, achieving adjustment of ±2 ppm during the deposition time of 2.5 seconds. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(1): 11–19, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20282
Miniaturized branch‐line hybrid circuit using 3D MMIC quasi‐distributed TFMS lines
Authors: Tanaka Takayuki , Nishikawa Kenjiro , Aikawa Masayoshi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper discusses a miniaturized branch‐line hybrid circuit consisting of quasi‐distributed TFMS lines, making use of the topological characteristics of the three‐dimensional MMIC. In the three‐dimensional MMIC, it is possible to reduce the coupling between adjacent transmission lines due to their very fine structure. Hence, miniaturized meander‐like lines can easily be realized. Further, due to the stacking effect in this technique, MIM (metal–insulator–metal) capacitors can easily be installed into the transmission line. In this paper, by utilizing these effects, a transmission line consisting of high‐impedance TFMS lines and MIM capacitors is proposed. The TFMS line of this type is here called a QD‐TFMS (Quasi‐Distributed Thin Film MicroStrip) line. First, the characteristics of the QD‐TFMS line are obtained by simulation and the size reduction effect is verified. Further, miniaturization of the branch‐line hybrid circuit using the QD‐TFMS lines is discussed. It is demonstrated that the fabricated circuit can be miniaturized to an area ratio of less than 20% in comparison with a branch‐line hybrid circuit using only meander‐like lines. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(1): 1–10, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20291
Inverse reflectometry for real objects with diffuse and specular interreflections
Authors: Machida Takashi , Takemura Haruo , Yokoya Naokazu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn the study of composite reality, in which virtual objects are synthesized and displayed in a real environment, intensive research is under way on virtual reality in order to achieve the virtual representation of real objects with a greater resemblance to reality. The estimation of the surface reflection characteristics of the object is especially important in order to eliminate inconsistencies of shadow between the real environment and the virtual object. To deal with this problem, we are continuing the study of dense estimation of the reflection characteristics of objects from distant images and surface texture images. For objects of complex shape, we have proposed a method of taking account of the effect of mutual reflection due to the secondary reflections on the object surface. However, there remains the problem that the effect of mutual reflection by specular‐reflection components cannot be eliminated. Consequently, a method is proposed in this paper which estimates the reflectance with allowance for the effect of mutual reflection, including the specular reflection component on the object surface. Specifically, the method is as follows. First, the illumination conditions with regard to the direction of illumination are determined from the object shape in order to observe the reflection component at a large number of points on the object surface. Based on the determined multiple illumination conditions and the measured data, photon mapping is applied, using the photon distribution on the object surface to estimate the surface reflectance at each point on the surface. In experiments, the estimated reflectance is compared to the results obtained by conventional methods, and it is shown that the proposed method can represent objects faithfully under various illumination conditions in the virtual environment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(1): 50–60, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20324
Interference fringe pattern analysis using inverse cosine function
Authors: Okada Koichi , Yokoyama Etsuro , Miike Hidetoshi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe analysis of interference fringe patterns is a technique which is indispensable in estimating the shape of an object or the refractive index field of a solution from the interference fringe pattern image. In the methods proposed to date, however, satisfactory analysis has been difficult in situations where the image contains only a few fringes, the object shape is not smooth, or the target of measurement is continuously changing with time. This paper proposes the following method of analysis. The inverse cosine function (arccos function) is applied to the interference fringe pattern image after normalizing the intensity. Then the phase inversion is estimated by assuming a monotonically increasing phase. The method is a combination of simple ideas derived from the principles of interference fringe patterns, but can be used to calculate the phase for each pixel from a single interference fringe pattern image. Depending on the conditions, analysis with higher temporal and spatial resolutions than in the Fourier transform method can be achieved. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(1): 61–73, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20325
Synthesis and Oxidation of Vanadyl Complexes Containing Bispidine Ligands
Authors: Comba Peter , Kuwata Shigemasa , Linti Gerald , Tarnai Máté , Wadepohl Hubert 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe reaction of 3‐methyl‐9‐oxo‐7‐picolyl‐2,4‐di(2‐pyridyl)‐3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐1,5‐dicarboxylate (L2) with vanadyl sulfate in methanol yields the purple complex[VIV=O(L2′)](ClO4)2, where L2 is hydrated to the corresponding 9‐diol L2′. The crystal structure of [VIV=O(L2′)](ClO4)2 has a saturated coordination sphere with a long bond to the tertiary amine N7 trans to the oxido group (2.36 Å). Oxidation of [VIV=O(L2′)](ClO4)2 with an excess of aqueous hydrogen peroxide yields the orange complex [VV=O(O2)(L2′)]ClO4. This can be further oxidized with Ce4+ in MeCN at –40 °Cto the unstable vanadium(V)‐oxidosuperoxido complex [VV=O(O2)(L2′)]2+, as shown by EPR spectroscopy. The X‐ray crystal structure of [VV=O(O2)(L2′)]ClO4 shows that the N7‐pendant pyridine donor is dissociated and the V–N7 bond is elongated (2.56 Å). The O–O distance of the side‐on bound peroxide in [VV=O(O2)(L2′)]ClO4 is unexpectedly short (1.28 Å) and is therefore in the range which is typical for a superoxido group. However, the IR spectrum of [VV=O(O2)(L2′)]ClO4 shows 18O isotope shifts, which support the assignment as a peroxido complex, and this is also supported by EPR and UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis. The short O–O bond is attributed to a static disorder rather than to libration of the “non‐rigid” peroxido group.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Use of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐coated capillaries for separation of amino‐terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers
Authors: Carter Britton , Desai Ankur , Sharma Ajit 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCharacterization of amino‐terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers by CE suffers from a lack of resolution for higher generations and poor between‐day reproducibility of retention times. Under optimal conditions of temperature, voltage, and sample amount, 0–5 generations of dendrimers could be resolved with a bare fused‐silica capillary. However, reproducibility was poor due to potential interactions of the polycationic dendrimers with the uncoated quartz capillary wall. Use of a poly(vinyl alcohol)‐coated capillary significantly decreased the migration times of the nanomolecules without compromising resolution. Dendrimer mixtures containing generations 0–5 are separated as discrete, nonoverlapping peaks in about 15 min. In addition, the between‐day precision of retention times was dramatically improved without the need for internal standards or data normalization. Dendrimers of various generations and cores run on different days showed an RSD of retention times of less than 4%. The poly(vinyl alcohol) coating was very stable as shown by the excellent precision of migration times obtained on a capillary used for a month with more than 100 injections. Similar to PAGE, separation of polyamidoamine dendrimers on a bare fused‐silica and poly(vinyl alcohol)‐coated capillary showed an exponential relationship between migration times and calculated charge density of the nanomolecules.
Simulation of DNA electrophoresis through microstructures
Authors: Maleki‐Jirsaraei Nahid , Sarbolouki Mohamad‐Nabi , Rouhani Shahin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe dependence of the mobility of DNA molecules through an hexagonal array of micropillars on their length and the applied electric field was investigated and it was found that mobility is a nonmonotonic function of their length. Results also revealed that the size dependence of the DNA mobility depends on the applied electric field and there is a crossover around E ≈ 25 V/cm for the mobility of λ‐DNA and T4‐DNA. These observations are explained in terms of the diffusion process inside the structure affected by the solvent and are modeled using the Langevin and its corresponding Fokker–Planck equations. The phenomenon is generalized under three regimes in a phase diagram relating the electric field and the DNA lengths. The model and the associated phase diagram described here provide an explanation for the conflicting results reported by previous authors (Han et al. on the one hand, and Duong et al. and Inatomi et al. on the other) about the dependence of mobility on the DNA size in lattices near or below the radius of gyration.
Construction of an antibody microarray based on agarose‐coated slides
Authors: Lv Lin‐Li , Liu Bi‐Cheng , Zhang Chun‐Xiu , Tang Zu‐Ming , Zhang Lu , Lu Zu‐Hong 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe antibody microarray, a high‐throughput multiplex immunoassay method, has become a significant tool for quantitative proteomics studies. We describe here the strategies for optimizing the condition of antibody microarray building based on agarose‐coated slides. In this study, modified glass slides were robotically printed with capture antibodies against monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1), then dilutions of the cytokine were applied to the arrays, and the protein was detected with biotin‐labeled antibody coupled with Cy3‐conjugated streptavidin. Thus a protein profiling microarray based on sandwich immunoassay has been established. Various factors in the production of antibody microarrays were analyzed: the capture antibody concentrations, shelf life of the postprinting slides, blocking buffers, and reproducibility of the system. A calibration curve with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995 was established which suggested that the matrix can retain arrayed proteins in near‐quantitative fashion. The results revealed high signal uniformity and reproducibility with regard to intra‐array (1.3%) and the interarray (8.7%) variation at the capture antibody concentration of 125 µg/mL. Besides, the printed arrays could be stored for at least two months without any apparent change of the performance parameters.
Rapid characterization of alkylpolyphosphonates by CZE with indirect photometric and mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Bernabé‐Zafón Virginia , Micó‐Tormos Anna , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. , Ramis‐Ramos Guillermo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMethods for the rapid characterization of industrial alkylpolyphosphonates (APPs) by infusion MS and CZE with indirect photometric (IPD) and MS detection are described. Technical‐grade APPs, including alkylaminepolyphosphonates with 3–5 phosphonate groups and different hydrocarbon skeletons, hydroxyethyl‐amino‐bis(methylenephosphonic acid), hydroxyethylidene‐diphosphonic acid, and 2‐phosphonobutane‐1,2,4‐tricarboxylic acid, were examined. A 10 mM solution of adenosine triphosphate disodium salt at pH 2.2 was used as BGE. The nominal compounds of the industrial APPs and their impurities were well resolved in less than 15 min. The peaks were identified by using extracted ion electropherograms, which were obtained at the m/z values indicated by the peaks of the infusion spectra. Low concentrations of esters, anhydrides, and APPs having different hydrocarbon skeletons compared to nominal compounds, and lacking phosphonate and methylene‐phosphonate groups with respect to them, were found. Also, hydroxyethyl‐aminobis(methylenephosphonic acid) contained an intramolecular ester at a concentration close to that of the nominal compound. Application of CZE‐IPD and CZE‐MS to the quality control of industrial APPs, and of CZE‐MS to the identification and characterization of APPs in cleaning products, was demonstrated.
A re‐examination of distance as a proxy for severity of illness and the implications for differences in utilization by race/ethnicity
Authors: Basu Jayasree , Friedman Bernard 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe study analyzes the hospitalization patterns of elderly residents to examine whether the relation between distant travel and severity of illness is uniform across racial/ethnic subgroups. A hypothesis is made that severity thresholds could be higher for minorities than whites. Hospital discharge data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP‐SID) of the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality for New York residents is used, with a link to the Area Resource File and American Hospital Association's survey files. Logistic models compare the association of distant admission with severity corresponding to each local threshold level, race, and type of hospital admission. The study uses four discrete distance thresholds in contrast to recent work. Also, an examination of severity thresholds for distant travel for different types of admission may clarify different sources of disparities in health care utilization. The findings indicate that minorities are likely to have higher severity thresholds than whites in seeking distant hospital care, although these conclusions depend on the type of condition. The study results imply that if costly elective services were regionalized to get the advantages of high volume for both cost and quality of care, some extra effort at outreach may be desirable to reduce disparities in appropriate care. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Major depression‐related immunological changes and combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐seropositive patients
Authors: Alciati Alessandra , Gallo Luciana , Monforte Antonella D'Arminio , Brambilla Francesca , Mellado Carmen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundIn physically healthy subjects, major depression has been associated with several changes in immune function. In HIV‐infected subjects too, lymphocyte subsets changes related to psychological conditions have been described.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of major depression on immunological parameters in HIV‐infected subjects and to examine the influence of different potency antiretroviral therapies on depression‐related immunological changes.MethodThirty‐six HIV‐infected patients with major depression treated with different potency antiretroviral therapies (none, double, triple) were compared with 77 matched non‐depressed HIV controls with regard to demographic, clinical and immunological parameters.ResultsThe presence of depression was a significant predictor of natural killer (NK) cell number and percentage decline. Antiretroviral therapy and depression‐antiretroviral therapy interaction do not significantly influence depression‐related NK cell changes.ConclusionsThe study confirms the role of depression in influencing the immune response in HIV‐seropositive subjects and suggests that antiretroviral therapies may not be able to hamper the depression‐related NK cell changes even using the most potent regimens such as Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Venlafaxine induces P‐glycoprotein in human Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Ehret M. J. , Levin G. M. , Narasimhan M. , Rathinavelu A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a treatment with venlafaxine on the expression of multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP) gene and multidrug resistance‐related proteins (MDR) in human colon carcinoma cells (Caco‐2) compared to a known P‐glycoprotein (PGY1) inducer, rifampine.MethodsCaco‐2 cells were treated with venlafaxine (50 µM, 100 µM, 250 µM, and 500 µM) and rifampin (25 µM and 50 µM) to test the possible induction of MRP and MDR expression. The treatment times used were 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. RNA was isolated from the cells, and MDR and MRP genes were amplified using PCR.ResultsBoth venlafaxine and rifampine had the most dramatic effect at the 50 µM concentration. There was an increase in MDR and MRP expression in Caco‐2 cells after the acute treatment (1.5, 3, and 6 h) with venlafaxine. These results were similar to those with rifampine.ConclusionsPGY1 contributes to renal and biliary elimination of drugs by transporting the drug out of the cell and back into the intestinal lumen, where drugs may be further metabolized by intestinal enzymes such as Cytochrome P (CYP)‐450 3A4. Its function is to limit the bioavailability of orally administered compounds. Due to the increase in MDR and MRP gene expression seen after the acute treatment with venlafaxine, there could be a potential drug–drug interaction with other medications that are metabolized via CYP450–3A4 when coadministered with venlafaxine. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.