bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root Cementum Modulates Periodontal Regeneration in Class III Furcation Defects Treated by the Guided Tissue Regeneration Technique: A Histometric Study in Dogs
Authors: Gonçalves Patricia F. , Gurgel Bruno C.V. , Pimentel Suzana P. , Sallum Enilson A. , Sallum Antonio W. , Casati Márcio Z. , Nociti Francisco H. 
Published: May 2006

Background: Because the possibility of root cementum preservation as an alternative approach for the treatment of periodontal disease has been demonstrated, this study aimed to histometrically evaluate the effect of root cementum on periodontal regeneration.Methods: Bilateral Class III furcation defects were created in dogs, and each dog was randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: control (group A): scaling and root planing with the removal of root cementum; or test (group B): removal of soft microbial deposits by polishing the root surface with rubber cups and polishing paste, aiming at maximum cementum preservation. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) was applied to both groups.Results: Four months after treatment, a superior length of new cementum (3.59 ± 1.67 mm versus 6.20 ± 2.26 mm; P = 0.008) and new bone (1.86 ± 1.76 mm versus 4.62 ± 3.01 mm; P = 0.002) and less soft tissue along the root surface (2.77 ± 0.79 mm versus 1.10 ± 1.48 mm; P = 0.020) was observed for group B. Additionally, group B presented a larger area of new bone (P = 0.004) and a smaller area of soft tissue (P = 0.008).Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, root cementum may modulate the healing pattern obtained by guided tissue regeneration in Class III furcation defects.
The Widening Gap in Mortality by Educational Level in the Russian Federation, 1980–2001
Authors: Murphy Michael , Bobak Martin , Nicholson Amanda , Rose Richard , Marmot Michael 
Published: May 2006

Objectives. We examined trends in the relation between educational level and adult mortality in the Russian Federation in the period 1989 through 2001. Methods. We used a convenience cohort based on survey respondents’ information about age, survival status, and educational level of close relatives, and applied modified indirect demographic techniques to stratify mortality rates by educational level in the study period. A random sample of 7172 respondents (response rate=61%) provided full information on 10440 relatives. Results. The mortality advantage of better-educated men and women in 1980 increased substantially by 2001. In 1980, life expectancy at age 20 for university-educated men was 3 years greater than for men with elementary education only, but was 11 years greater by 2001, reflecting not only declining life expectancy in less-educated men but also an improvement among better-educated men. Similar patterns were seen in women. Conclusions. The well-documented mortality increases seen in Russia after 1990 have predominantly affected less-educated men and women, whereas the mortality of persons with university education has improved, resulting in a sharp increase in educational-level mortality differentials.
Comparison of the response to infliximab or etanercept monotherapy with the response to cotherapy with methotrexate or another disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register
Authors: Hyrich Kimme L. , Symmons Deborah P. M. , Watson Kath D. , Silman Alan J. ,   British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo compare outcome at 6 months in unselected “real‐world” patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept or infliximab as either monotherapy, cotherapy with methotrexate (MTX), or cotherapy with another disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).MethodsA total of 2,711 subjects starting treatment with their first biologic agent (1,453 infliximab and 1,258 etanercept) were followed up for 6 months. Outcome was assessed using the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. Ordinal regression was used to model the response in the MTX and other DMARD cotherapy groups relative to the monotherapy group separately for the 2 anti–tumor necrosis factor α agents, after adjusting for baseline differences.ResultsEtanercept‐treated patients had an increased likelihood of achieving a higher EULAR response category with cotherapy with MTX (odds ratio [OR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.5–2.7) and with another DMARD (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9–1.6) as compared with monotherapy. For infliximab‐treated patients, the likelihoods were 1.4 (95% CI 0.9–2.0) for MTX and 1.3 (95% CI 0.8–2.1) for other DMARDs versus monotherapy. Cotherapy with MTX or another DMARD produced significantly higher rates of remission with etanercept (12% and 11%, respectively) as compared with etanercept monotherapy (5%). Infliximab‐treated patients showed similar remission rates in the MTX and other DMARD cotherapy groups (8% and 5%, respectively) as in the monotherapy group (7%).ConclusionIn this study of real‐world patients, the use of MTX and, to a lesser extent, other DMARDs as cotherapy with etanercept was associated with a higher likelihood of response. Although the infliximab guidelines suggest that MTX be used as cotherapy, in clinical practice, both monotherapy and cotherapy with DMARDs other than MTX are used. These data suggest that either of the latter strategies may be useful in patients who are intolerant to MTX.
Gene profiling of scleroderma skin reveals robust signatures of disease that are imperfectly reflected in the transcript profiles of explanted fibroblasts
Authors: Gardner Humphrey , Shearstone Jeffrey R. , Bandaru Raj , Crowell Tom , Lynes Matthew , Trojanowska Maria , Pannu Jaspreet , Smith Edwin , Jablonska Stefania , Blaszczyk Maria , Tan Filemon K. , Mayes Maureen D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether biopsy specimens obtained from systemic sclerosis (SSc) lesions show a distinctive gene profile, whether that gene profile is maintained in fibroblasts cultured from SSc skin biopsy specimens, and whether results from tissue obtained from multiple clinical centers can be combined to yield useful observations in this rare disease.MethodsBiopsy samples and passaged fibroblasts were stored in RNAlater solution prior to processing for RNA. RNA from SSc and control skin biopsy specimens, as well as SSc and control explanted passage 4 fibroblasts, from 9 patients and 9 controls was hybridized to Affymetrix HG‐U133A arrays. Data were analyzed using the BRB ArrayTools system. When appropriate, findings were followed up with immunohistochemical analysis or TaqMan studies.ResultsBiopsy samples obtained from patients with SSc had a robust and distinctive gene profile, with ∼1,800 qualifiers distinguishing normal skin from SSc skin at a significant level. The SSc phenotype was the major driver of sample clusters, independent of origin. Alterations in transforming growth factor β and Wnt pathways, extracellular matrix proteins, and the CCN family were prominent. Explanted fibroblasts from SSc biopsy samples showed a far smaller subset of changes that were relatively variable between samples, suggesting that either nonfibroblast cell types or other aspects of the dermal milieu are required for full expression of the SSc phenotype.ConclusionSSc has a distinct gene profile that is not confounded by geographic location, indicating that extended multicenter studies may be worthwhile to identify distinct subsets of disease by transcript profiling. Explanted SSc fibroblasts show an incomplete reflection of the SSc phenotype.
African‐American men with nonpalpable prostate cancer exhibit greater tumor volume than matched white men
Authors: Sanchez‐Ortiz Ricardo F. , Troncoso Patricia , Babaian Richard J. , Lloreta Josep , Johnston Dennis A. , Pettaway Curtis A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough prostate cancer (PC) mortality disproportionately affects African‐American (AA) men, limited data exist comparing the pathologic characteristics of white and AA patients with nonpalpable PC (clinical stage T1c).METHODSThe authors reviewed the radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens from 37 consecutive AA men with clinical stage T1c PC and 35 white men who were matched for age, clinical stage, serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, year of surgery, prostate weight, and prostate biopsy strategy. Pathologic characteristics were compared after mapping tumor foci and calculating tumor volumes by using computer software.RESULTSFor AA men, the median age (57.7 years), mean serum PSA level (9.3 ng/mL), mean prostate weight (43 g), and biopsy strategy (73% sextant) were matched with the cohort of 35 white men (median age, 57.1 years; mean PSA, 9.3 ng/mL;, mean prostate weight, 43 g; biopsy strategy, 66% sextant). Despite similar biopsy characteristics between the 2 groups (Gleason score ≥7 in 43% of AA men vs. 37% of white men), AA men exhibited significantly higher prostatectomy Gleason scores (≥7 in 76% of AA men vs. 34% of white men; P = .01). AA men also had a higher mean tumor volume (1.82 cm3 vs. 0.72 cm3; P = .001) and had 2.8 times more tumor per ng/mL of serum PSA (0.22 cm3 per ng/mL vs. 0.079 cm3 per ng/mL; P = .001).CONCLUSIONSCompared with a cohort of white men with similar clinical features at the time of biopsy, AA men with nonpalpable PC had higher prostatectomy Gleason scores, greater cancer volume, and greater tumor volume per ng/mL of serum PSA. These data provide additional support for the concept of early PC detection using a serum PSA threshold of 2.5 ng/mL for biopsy among AA men. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Topography and connections of the telencephalon in a chondrostean, Acipenser baeri: An experimental study
Authors: Huesa Gema , Anadón Ramón , Yáñez Julián 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSturgeons belong to an ancient group of the extant actinopterygian fishes. Accordingly, the study of their brain connections is important to understand brain evolution in the line leading to teleosts. We examined the topography and connections of the various telencephalic regions of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri). The telencephalic regions were characterized on the basis of acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and calbindin‐D28k and calretinin immunohistochemistry. The telencephalic connections were investigated by using the fluorescent dye DiI (1,1′‐dioctadecyl 3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) in fixed brains. Application of DiI to different areas of the pallial (dorsal) regions of the telencephalic lobes showed that they have mostly intratelencephalic connections. A posterior pallial region is characterized by its similar hodology to that of the posterior zone of the teleosts dorsal telencephalon and those described in other ancient groups. Extratelencephalic connections of the pallium are scarce, although a few afferent and efferent connections with the diencephalon, mesencephalon, and rostral rhombencephalon were observed. DiI application to subpallial regions showed both intratelencephalic connections and connections with different brain regions. Afferents to the subpallium originate from the olfactory bulbs, preoptic area, thalamus, posterior tuberculum, hypothalamus, secondary gustatory nucleus, and raphe nuclei. Some of these connections are quite similar to those described for other vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:519–541, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of mammalian microRNA expression by in situ hybridization with RNA oligonucleotides
Authors: Deo Monika , Yu Jenn‐Yah , Chung Kwan‐Ho , Tippens Melissa , Turner David L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have developed an in situ hybridization procedure for the detection of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tissue sections from mouse embryos and adult organs. The method uses highly specific washing conditions for RNA oligonucleotide probes conjugated to a fluorescein hapten. We show that this method detects predominantly mature miRNAs rather than the miRNA precursors or primary transcripts. We have determined expression patterns for several miRNAs expressed in the developing and adult nervous system, including miR‐124a, miR‐9, miR‐92, and miR‐204. Whereas miR‐124a is expressed in neurons, miR‐9 is expressed in neural progenitors and some neurons, and miR‐204 is expressed in the choroid plexus, retinal pigment epithelium, and ciliary body. miR‐204 is located in an intron of the TRPM3 gene, and the TRPM3 mRNA is coexpressed with miR‐204 in the choroid plexus. We also find that primary transcripts for miR‐124a and miR‐9 genes are expressed in patterns similar to their respective mature miRNAs. The ability to visualize expression of specific miRNAs in embryos and tissues should aid studies on miRNA function. Developemental Dynamics 235:2538–2548, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical composition, seasonal variation and a new sesquiterpene alcohol from the essential oil of Lippia integrifolia
Authors: del C. Coronel Angelina , Cerda‐García‐Rojas Carlos M. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro , Catalán César A. N. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemical investigations on the essential oil of Lippia integrifolia performed by column chromatography, HPLC, GC–MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy led to the identification of 78 components. A new sesquiterpene alcohol, trans‐africanan‐1α‐ol (4), was characterized as a significant component of the oil. Additionally, six samples obtained at monthly intervals through the annual cycle of the shrub (November–April) were studied. The oil was characterized by large amounts of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (53.3–69.4%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (14.3–27.9%), along with small amounts of monoterpenoids (1.4–2.9%). Lippifoli‐1(6)‐en‐5‐one (2), african‐5‐en‐1α‐ol (3), β‐caryophyllene oxide, 4,5‐seco‐africanan‐4,5‐dione (10), trans‐africanan‐1α‐ol (4), humulene epoxide II, integrifolian‐1,5‐dione (1) and lippifoli‐1(6)‐en‐4β‐ol‐5‐one (7) were the main oxygenated constituents. Although the qualitative composition appeared to be constant, there were large quantitative variations in the content of most components through the studied period. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of gene promoter hypermethylation for detection of cervical neoplasia
Authors: Wisman G. Bea A. , Nijhuis Esther R. , Hoque Mohammad O. , Reesink‐Peters Nathalie , Koning Alice J. , Volders Haukeline H. , Buikema Henk J. , Boezen H. Marike , Hollema Harry , Schuuring Ed , Sidransky David , van der Zee Ate G.J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCurrent cervical cancer screening is based on morphological assessment of Pap smears and associated with significant false negative and false positive results. Previously, we have shown that detection of hypermethylated genes in cervical scrapings using quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (QMSP) is a promising tool for identification of squamous cell cervical cancer. Aim of the present pilot‐study was to evaluate presence of hypermethylated genes in cervical carcinogenesis, both in squamous cell as well as adenocarcinomas. Cervical scrapings were obtained from 30 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer (20 squamous cell carcinomas and 10 adenocarcinomas) and 19 women with histologically normal cervices. The scraped cells were used for determination of promoter hypermethylation by QMSP for 12 genes and for morphological assessment. Overall, CALCA, DAPK, ESR1, TIMP3, APC and RAR‐β2 promoters were significantly more often hypermethylated in cancers than in controls, while adenocarcinomas were more often hypermethylated above the highest control ratio for APC, TIMP3 and RASSF1A promoters. Combining 4 genes (CALCA, DAPK, ESR1 and APC) yielded a sensitivity of 89% (with all adenocarcinomas identified), equal to cytomorphology (89%) and high‐risk human papilloma virus (Hr‐HPV; 90%). The 4‐gene QMSP proved theoretically superior to cytomorphology as well as Hr‐HPV in specificity (100% vs. 83 and 68%, respectively), because cytology identified 3 controls as moderate or severe dyskaryosis and 6 controls were positive for Hr‐HPV. In conclusions, QMSP of 4 gene promoters combined appears to have comparable sensitivity and potentially better specificity in comparison to “classic” cytomorphological assessment and Hr‐HPV detection. QMSP holds promise as a new diagnostic tool for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone‐bonding ability of a hydroxyapatite coated zirconia–alumina nanocomposite with a microporous surface
Authors: Takemoto M. , Fujibayashi S. , Neo M. , Suzuki J. , Kokubo T. , Nakamura T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractUsing a combination of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating and microporous surface treatment, bone‐bonding ability was given to composites of ceria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia and alumina (CZA), which possesses excellent mechanical and wear properties and phase stability. Four types of CZA plates (2 × 10 × 15 mm3) were prepared for this study, which were CZA with a polished surface (group 1), a microporous surface prepared by hydrofluoric acid and heat treatment (group 2), a microporous surface with a submicron HA coating prepared by alternately soaking the plate from group 2 in aqueous CaCl2/HCl and Na2HPO4 solutions (group 3), and a microporous surface with a 4‐μm HA coating prepared by the biomimetic method, where the plates from group 3 were soaked in simulated body fluid (group 4). Plates were implanted into rabbit tibia, and after 4, 8, and 16 weeks, tensile testing and histological examination of the bone–implant interface were conducted. At 4 weeks, group 4 had superior bone‐bonding ability compared with other implants, which was maintained at the later postimplantation times. This HA‐coated CZA with a microporous surface has the possibility of clinical use as a bearing material in cementless joint prostheses or as a load‐bearing bone substitute. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Normal and osteopenic bone‐derived osteoblast response to a biomimetic gelatin–calcium phosphate bone cement
Authors: Bigi A. , Panzavolta S. , Sturba L. , Torricelli P. , Fini M. , Giardino R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have recently developed a new calcium phosphate bone cement enriched with gelatin (GEL‐CP), which exhibits improved mechanical properties with respect to the control cement (C‐CP). In a previous study, we demonstrated the good response of osteoblast‐like cells to the new biomimetic bone cement. Herein, we extend the investigation to primary culture of osteoblasts derived from healthy and pathological bones. Osteoblasts derived from normal (N‐OB) and osteopenic (O‐OB) sheep bones were cultured on samples of GEL‐CP, and their behavior was compared with that of cells cultured on C‐CP as control. Cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation were evaluated at 3 and 7 days. SEM analysis revealed that both N‐OB and O‐OB showed a normal morphology when cultured on GEL‐CP. Biological tests demonstrated that the gelatin‐enriched cement improves osteoblasts' activity and differentiation of O‐OB cultures, with respect to the control samples. The data indicate that the new composite cement positively stimulates alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen type I, and osteocalcin production, not only in N‐OB, but also in O‐OB culture. The improvement due to the presence of gelatin suggests that the biomimetic composite material could be successfully applied as bone substitute also in the presence of osteopenic bone. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Postictal spectroscopy and imaging findings mimicking brain tumor recurrence
Authors: Hattingen Elke , Franz Kea , Pilatus Ulrich , Weidauer Stefan , Lanfermann Heiner 
Published: May 2006

Abstract1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) was performed on a patient with an admission diagnosis of recurrent astrocytoma. The patient had undergone surgical resection and radiation therapy for a left occipital astrocytoma WHO grade III 12 years previously, and presented with aphasia, right‐sided hemiparesis, and severe headache. Postcontrast T1‐weighted images showed cortical enhancement of the left parietotemporal lobe near the post‐resection cavity. MRSI revealed a marked increase of trimethylamines (TMA), elevated creatine/creatinephosphate (tCr), and reduced N‐acetyl‐aspartate (tNAA) in the same brain region. The spectroscopic data were consistent with tumor recurrence. However, the pattern of contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evidence of an epileptic focus on electroencephalography (EEG), and spontaneous regression of the symptoms argued against tumor recurrence. In a 4‐week follow‐up, the contrast enhancement disappeared on MRI and the EEG abnormalities and neurological symptoms resolved. Follow‐up spectroscopic data showed a decrease in TMA compared to normal values. The tCr signal remained elevated but returned to normal values after 5 months. In conclusion, postictal neurological deficits with a temporary increase in TMA and tCr were diagnosed. This is the first report of seizure‐induced MRS abnormalities mimicking tumor recurrence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obstetric MRI
Authors: Levine Deborah 
Published: May 2006

AbstractUltrasound is the imaging modality of choice for pregnant patients. However, MRI is increasingly utilized in patients in whom the sonographic diagnosis is unclear. These include maternal conditions unique to pregnancy such as ectopic pregnancy, placenta accreta, and uterine dehiscence. MRI is also being increasingly utilized in the assessment of abdominopelvic pain in pregnancy, in particular in assessment for appendicitis. Fetal MRI is performed to assess central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities and patients who are considering fetal surgery for conditions such as neural tube defects, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and masses that obstruct the airway. In the future, functional MRI and fetal volumetry may provide additional information that can aid in our care of complicated pregnancies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ion imprinted polymer particles for separation of yttrium from selected lanthanides
Authors: Kala Ramakrishnan , Prasada Rao Talasila 
Published: May 2006

AbstractLanthanide(III) (Dy, Gd, Tb and Y) ion imprinted polymer (IIP) materials were synthesized via single pot reaction by mixing lanthanide imprint ion with 5,7‐dichloroquinoline‐8‐ol, 4‐vinylpyridine, styrene, divinylbenzene and 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile in 2‐methoxyethanol porogen. The imprint ion was removed by stirring the above materials (after powdering) with 6 mol/L HCl to obtain the respective lanthanide IIP particles. Y‐Dy, Y‐Gd and Dy‐Gd polymer particles were obtained by physically mixing equal amounts of the respective leached individual lanthanide(III) particles. Control polymer (CP) particles were similarly prepared without imprint ion. Application of the above synthesized polymer particles was tested for separation of Y from Dy, Gd and Tb employing batch and column SPE methods using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry for the determination. Optimization studies show that Y present in 500 mL can be preconcentrated using Dy‐Gd IIP particles and eluted with 20 mL of 1.0 mol/L of HCl, providing an enrichment factor of ˜ 25. Dy‐Gd IIP particles offer higher selectivity coefficients for Y over other lanthanides compared to other IIP particles and commercial liquid–liquid extractants. Selectivity studies for Y over other coexisting inorganic species (other than lanthanides) were also conducted and the results obtained show a quantitative separation of Y from other inorganics other than Cu(II) and Fe(III). Furthermore, both batch and column studies indicate the purification of yttrium concentrate from 55.0 ± 0.2 to 65.2 ± 0.2% in a single stage of operation.