bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related expression of molecular regulators of hypertrophy and maturation in articular cartilage
Authors: Semevolos Stacy A. , Nixon Alan J. , Fortier Lisa A. , Strassheim M. Lisa , Haupt Jennifer 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine changes in the expression of regulatory molecules in normal equine articular cartilage throughout development up to 18 months of age. The hypothesis was that expression of these regulatory molecules would decrease from birth to postpubescence. Cartilage was harvested from normal femoropatellar or scapulohumeral joints from 34 fresh horse cadavers. Horses were placed in four age groups [prenatal (n = 5); prepubertal, 0–6 months (n = 11); pubertal, 7–14 months (n = 13); and postpubertal, 15–18 months (n = 5)]. Indian hedgehog (Ihh), Gli1, Gli3, Patched1 (Ptc1), Smoothened (Smo), Noggin, bone morphogenetic protein‐6 (BMP‐6), BMP‐2, parathyroid hormone‐related peptide (PTHrP), and PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA expression levels were evaluated by real‐time quantitative PCR. Spatial tissue mRNA and protein expression was determined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The expression of PTHrP decreased (p = 0.002) in the pubertal group, while PTH/PTHrP receptor expression significantly increased (p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between groups for Ihh (p = 0.6) or Smo (p = 0.3) expression. In contrast, there was significantly increased expression of Ptc1 (p = 0.006), Gli1 (p = 0.04), and Gli3 (p = 0.007) in the pubertal group, and Gli3 (p = 0.007) remained elevated in the postpubertal group. The expression of BMP‐6 significantly increased from prenatal to postnatal groups (p = 0.03) while BMP‐2 expression increased during puberty and postpuberty (p = 0.03). The changes in expression of hedgehog and BMP signaling molecules in articular cartilage during postnatal development have not been shown previously. The increased expression of hedgehog receptor and transcription factors during puberty may indicate maturation of the deep articular layer during this time period. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1773–1781, 2006
Model‐based evaluation of agri‐environmental measures in the Federal State of Brandenburg (Germany) concerning N pollution of groundwater and surface water
Authors: Kersebaum Kurt Christian , Matzdorf Bettina , Kiesel Joachim , Piorr Annette , Steidl Jörg 
Published: June 2006

AbstractGIS‐based modeling of soil‐crop interactions and hydrological processes is a valuable instrument to assess land‐use effects on N pollution of water resources from the agricultural sector. A case study is presented using spatial information on soils, climatic zones, land use, and distribution of agri‐environmental measures within the federal State of Brandenburg (Germany) to assess the reduction effect of EU‐funded measures on N pollution of water resources. In a first step, the area was classified concerning the risk for groundwater and surface‐water pollution. For this, spatially distributed model calculations of the soil‐solution exchange frequency were intersected to a vulnerability map for groundwater derived from geological data and zones of different transit times from the root zone into surface waters. In a second step, model calculations of water and N dynamics in the soil‐crop system for different crop and management systems were performed to calculate nitrate leaching from the root zone and to estimate the effect of present agri‐environmental measures to reduce N pollution on groundwater and surface waters. The results indicated that 75% of the agri‐environmental measures were placed in areas with low impact on groundwater and surface waters. Therefore, the effectiveness of the agri‐environmental measures concerning water‐protection aims was moderate.
Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural land use in Germany— a synthesis of available annual field data
Authors: Jungkunst Hermann F. , Freibauer Annette , Neufeldt Henry , Bareth Georg 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe nations that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol must set up an appropriate national inventory on N2O emissions from agricultural land use, in order to report properly on the achievements made in reducing greenhouse‐gas emissions. The search for the appropriate method is a controversial topic as it is subject to high uncertainty in particular associated to the upscaling from site measurements. In this study, all available data from Germany on annual N2O‐emission rates derived from field experiments of at least an entire year are summarized. From each study, only differences in soil properties on N input qualified as an individual data set. Under these premises, 101 treatments from 27 sites were found equally spread across Germany. The annual N application ranged from 0 to 400 kg N ha–1 and the annual emission rates from 0.04 to 17.1 kg ha–1. Annual emission factors (EFs), uncorrected for background emission, varied considerably from 0.18% to 15.54% of N applied. There was no nationwide correlation found for the relationship between N2O losses and N application, soil C, soil N, soil texture, or soil pH. However, site‐specific trends in the relationship between emission factor and mean soil aeration status, as expressed by the soil type and/or mean climatic conditions, were revealed. Regularly water‐logged soils were characterized by low emission factors as were soils from the drier regions (<600 mm y–1), whereas well‐aerated soils from the frost‐intensive regions showed exceptionally high emission factors. Since purely physical and chemical parameterization failed to describe N2O emissions from agricultural land use on the national scale, there must be a biological adaptation to mean site conditions, i.e., different microbial communities react differently to similar actual conditions in terms of N2O dynamics. Regardless of the point of view, the chapter on N2O soil dynamics cannot be closed yet, and new additional model concepts, process studies, and field measurements are needed.
Digital soil mapping in Germany—a review
Authors: Behrens Thorsten , Scholten Thomas 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDigital soil mapping as a tool to generate spatial soil information provides solutions for the growing demand for high‐resolution soil maps worldwide. Even in highly developed countries like Germany, digital soil mapping becomes essential due to the decreasing, time‐consuming, and expensive field surveys which are no longer affordable by the soil surveys of the individual federal states.This article summarizes the present state of soil survey in Germany in terms of digitally available soil data, applied digital soil mapping, and research in the broader field of pedometrics and discusses future perspectives.Based on the geomorphologic conditions in Germany, relief is a major driving force in soil genesis. This is expressed by the digital–soil mapping research which highlights the great importance of digital terrain attributes in combination with information on parent material in soil prediction.An example of digital soil mapping using classification trees in Thuringia is given as an introduction in digital soil‐class mapping based on correlations to environmental covariates within the scope of the German classification system.
Soil education: A public need Developments in Germany since the mid 1990s
Authors: Herrmann Ludger 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSoil is a public good that has important public functions. However, public knowledge about soils was rather scanty in Germany up until the mid 1990s. This article summarizes and comments on the developments that have taken place in Germany since then with regard to the four major dimensions of soil education—time, target groups, actors, and media. In summary, a wealth of initiatives was started (and has since vanished), leaving behind a number of remarkable results like internet and e‐learning sites, exhibitions, and science trails. Meanwhile, intellectual results have also become visible, with most citizens now being able to respond to questions on what soil and its functions are and how they are endangered. Progress is still lacking, however, in education—a minimum of soil science knowledge is still not sufficiently anchored in official school curricula, and institutions for this task are not in place. Finally, it is strongly urged to use the opportunity that soil protection has recently been on the agenda of the European Union in order to develop international perspectives for soil education, especially in the field of e‐learning.
A statistical overview on univariate calibration, inverse regression, and detection limits: Application to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique
Authors: Lavagnini Irma , Magno Franco 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe paper summarizes critically the current approaches for the calculation of the limits of detection and quantification. In the context of the description of the method based on the calibration line, the arguments concerning the underlying experimental design, the choice of the appropriate model in the univariate regression, the effects of the dispersion characteristics of the data are deeply discussed. The effects of the scedasticity of the experimental data are taken into account in the obtainment of the calibration curve and in its utilization. To gain transparency, adaptability, and tutorial effectiveness the explicit formulas relevant to the use of straight line and quadratic models are reported. An application of the described procedures to GC‐MS data is reported as an illustrative example. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 26:1–18, 2007
Improvement of quantification of myocardial first‐pass perfusion mapping: A temporal and spatial wavelet denoising method
Authors: Goldstein Thomas A. , Zhang Haosen , Misselwitz Bernd , Gropler Robert G. , Zheng Jie 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMapping of myocardial blood flow (MBF) with first‐pass perfusion imaging is becoming an important tool in the study of coronary artery disease. In this study a wavelet‐based denoising method was developed to improve the accuracy of pixel‐by‐pixel MBF maps. We performed an in vivo study in five stenotic dogs with 70% stenosis in the left coronary arteries. First‐pass perfusion imaging sessions were performed by administering the intravascular contrast agent Gadomer at rest and during dipyridamole‐induced vasodilation. Color microspheres (MS) were injected into the dogs to measure MBF at the same time. After denoising was performed, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the first‐pass perfusion image improved by approximately 180%, whereas spatial variation of MBF maps decreased 38%. It was also found that the correlation of MBFs measured by MRI with the MS method indicates a significant improvement with the denoising method (R2 increased from 0.24 to 0.78, P < .001). This suggests that the wavelet denoising method may be an effective way to increase the accuracy of pixel‐by‐pixel MBF quantification and reduce spatial variation, and may be applicable to other forms of noise‐sensitive image analysis. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bladder augmentation for the treatment of chronic tuberculous cystitis. Clinical and urodynamic evaluation of 25 patients after long term follow‐up
Authors: de Figueiredo André Avarese , Lucon Antônio Marmo , Srougi Miguel 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAimsClinical and urodynamic evaluation of the late outcome of 25 patients with chronic tuberculous cystitis who underwent bladder augmentation.Patients and MethodsTwenty men and five women with median age of 40 years were evaluated. The tubularized ileocecal segment was used in 8 cases, the detubularized sigmoid in 13, and the tubularized sigmoid in 4. Patients underwent a postoperative clinical and urodynamic evaluation. Miccional diurnal frequency of more than 2 hr together with patient satisfaction as assessed by the quality of life question of the ICSmaleSF questionnaire was considered a good result.ResultsThe average postoperative follow‐up was of 11.1 ± 9.1 (1 to 36) years. A good result was seen in 80% of the patients. Bad results occurred statistically in the cases using tubularized sigmoid and in patients with prostatitis. Patients with good results showed augmented bladders with normal sensation (P = 0.03) and greater capacity (P < 0.01) and compliance (P < 0.01) than did those with bad results. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of involuntary contractions (P = 0.27) but in the good result patients, the contractions started with greater bladder filling volume (P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe sigmoid should be detubularized but the ileocecal segment may be used in its original tubularized form to augment the bladder with chronic tuberculous cystitis. Augmented bladder with capacity of more than 250 ml, good compliance, and normal sensation are necessary for diurnal frequency of more than 2 hr. The presence of involuntary contractions does not lead to a decrease in the diurnal frequency. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grundlagen der Nierenphysiologie: Glomeruläre Filtration und tubulärer Transport
Authors: Lang Florian 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDie Niere ist das wichtigste Ausscheidungsorgan. Sie eliminiert überflüssige oder schädliche Substanzen und kontrolliert Volumen sowie Elektrolytzusammensetzung des Extrazellulärraums. Damit reguliert sie auch Blutvolumen und Blutdruck. Sie bildet ferner kreislaufaktive Hormone.
Phosphoproteomics strategies for the functional analysis of signal transduction
Authors: Morandell Sandra , Stasyk Taras , Grosstessner‐Hain Karin , Roitinger Elisabeth , Mechtler Karl , Bonn Guenther K. , Huber Lukas A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is a key regulatory mechanism of cellular signalling processes. The analysis of phosphorylated proteins and the characterisation of phosphorylation sites under different biological conditions are some of the most challenging tasks in current proteomics research. Reduction of the sample complexity is one major step for the analysis of low‐abundance kinase substrates, which can be achieved by various subcellular fractionation techniques. One strategy is the enrichment of phosphorylated proteins or peptides by immunoprecipitation or chromatography, e.g. immobilised metal affinity chromatography, prior to analysis. 2‐DE gels are powerful tools for the analysis of phosphoproteins when combined with new multiplexing techniques like DIGE, phosphospecific stains, autoradiography or immunoblotting. In addition, several gel‐free methods combining chromatography with highly sensitive MS have been successfully applied for the analysis of complex phosphoproteomes. Recently developed approaches like KESTREL or ’︁chemical genetics’ and also protein microarrays offer new possibilities for the identification of specific kinase targets. This review summarises various strategies for the analyses of phosphoproteins with a special focus on the identification of novel kinase substrates.
Fluorinated, crosslinkable terpolymers based on vinylidene fluoride and bearing sulfonic acid side groups for fuel‐cell membranes
Authors: Sauguet L. , Ameduri B. , Boutevin B. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe radical terpolymerization of 8‐bromo‐1H,1H,2H‐perfluorooct‐1‐ene with vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and perfluoro(4‐methyl‐3,6‐dioxaoct‐7‐ene) sulfonyl fluoride is presented. Changing the feed compositions of these three fluorinated comonomers enabled us to obtain different random‐type poly[vinylidene fluoride‐ter‐perfluoro(4‐methyl‐3,6‐dioxaoct‐7‐ene) sulfonyl fluoride‐ter‐8‐bromo‐1H,1H,2H‐perfluorooct‐1‐ene] terpolymers containing various sulfonyl fluoride and brominated side groups. Yields higher than 70% were reached in all cases. The hydrolysis of the sulfonyl fluoride group into the SO3Li function in the presence of lithium carbonate was quantitatively achieved without the content of VDF being affected, and so dehydrofluorination of the VDF base unit was avoided. These original terpolymers were then crosslinked via dangling bromine atoms in the presence of a peroxide/triallyl isocyanurate system, which produced films insoluble in organic solvents such as acetone and dimethylformamide (which totally dissolved uncured terpolymers). The acidification of SO3Li into the SO3H function enabled protonic membranes to be obtained. The thermal stabilities of the crosslinked materials were higher than those of the uncured terpolymers, and their electrochemical performances were investigated. According to the contents of the sulfonic acid side functions, the ion‐exchange capacities ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 mequiv of H+/g, whereas the water uptake and conductivities ranged from 5–26% (±11%) and from 0.5 to 6.0 mS/cm, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4566–4578, 2006
Oligomeric cyanate ester resins: Application of a modified Ullmann synthesis in the preparation of thermosetting polymers
Authors: Laskoski Matthew , Dominguez Dawn D. , Keller Teddy M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNew multiple aromatic ether containing oligomeric cyanate ester resins have been synthesized using a modified Ullmann reaction. The oligomeric monomers were prepared by reacting resorcinol and 1,3‐ or 1,4‐dibromobenzene in the presence of potassium carbonate and a catalytic amount of a copper(I) complex in a N,N‐dimethylformamide/toluene mixture. The hydroxyl terminated intermediates were end‐capped with the cyanate moiety by reaction with cyanogen bromide in the presence of triethylamine in dry acetone. The oligomeric cyanate ester monomers are liquid at room temperature, which enhance their processability to polymeric networks. The thermo‐oxidative properties were determined for the new cyanate ester polymers as well as their storage modulus. The length of the aromatic ether spacer between the terminal cyanate ester groups was varied to investigate the effect of changing the spacer length on the properties of the material. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4559–4565, 2006
Potential for assessing quality of protein structure based on contact number prediction
Authors: Ishida Takashi , Nakamura Shugo , Shimizu Kentaro 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe developed a novel knowledge‐based residue environment potential for assessing the quality of protein structures in protein structure prediction. The potential uses the contact number of residues in a protein structure and the absolute contact number of residues predicted from its amino acid sequence using a new prediction method based on a support vector regression (SVR). The contact number of an amino acid residue in a protein structure is defined by the number of residues around a given residue. First, the contact number of each residue is predicted using SVR from an amino acid sequence of a target protein. Then, the potential of the protein structure is calculated from the probability distribution of the native contact numbers corresponding to the predicted ones. The performance of this potential is compared with other score functions using decoy structures to identify both native structure from other structures and near‐native structures from nonnative structures. This potential improves not only the ability to identify native structures from other structures but also the ability to discriminate near‐native structures from nonnative structures. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization and biological properties of L‐HGP, a glycoprotein from the amphibian oviduct with acrosome‐stabilizing effects
Authors: Krapf Darío , Vidal Marcos , Arranz Silvia E. , Cabada Marcelo O. 
Published: June 2006

Background information. The role of the jelly coat that surrounds the amphibian oocytes has been widely discussed, but is poorly understood. The presence of the jelly coat is essential for fertilization. However, the structure and function of the molecules that comprise the jelly coat have not been thoroughly documented. L‐HGP (low‐molecular‐mass highly glycosylated protein) is a highly glycosylated protein that is present in the jelly coat of the toad, Bufo arenarum, oocytes and diffuses to the surrounding media. L‐HGP, when purified from egg water, protects the sperm acrosome from breakdown induced by hypotonic solutions.Results. L‐HGP is an acidic glycoprotein, formed by two different subunits, linked by disulphide bonds. We raised polyclonal antibodies in rabbits against the deglycosylated protein. We determined that L‐HGP is secreted along the oviduct, being hence present in all the jelly layers. The molecular mass of L‐HGP is higher in the most cephalic region of the oviduct. The lower‐Mr L‐HGP isoform, produced in the caudal regions of the oviduct, presents an acrosome‐protecting property. L‐HGP is produced by secretory cells in the oviduct and is deposited on the cilia at the oviduct lumen.Conclusions. Biochemical characterization of L‐HGP has been carried out. It is synthesized by secretory cells in the oviduct and, when secreted, is deposited over the ciliated surface of the cells. The lower‐Mr isoform, secreted by the caudal region of the oviduct, protects acrosome integrity. This isoform diffuses into the medium. The role of the higher‐Mr L‐HGP isoform in fertilization remains unknown.
Effects of hypo‐osmotic stress on ATP release in isolated turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) hepatocytes
Authors: Ollivier Hélène , Pichavant‐Rafini Karine , Puill‐Stephan Eneour , Calvès Patrick , Nonnotte Liliane , Nonnotte Guy 
Published: June 2006

Background information. ATP is released from many cell types exposed to hypo‐osmotic shock and is involved in RVD (regulatory volume decrease). Purinergic signalling events have been extensively investigated in mammals, but not in marine teleosteans.Results. The effect of hypo‐osmotic shock on ATP release was examined in isolated hepatocytes from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a marine flatfish. Hypo‐osmotic stress (240 mOsm·kg−1) induced a significant increase in ATP efflux, and was inhibited by a potential CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) inhibitor, glibenclamide, but not by the MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1) P‐glycoprotein inhibitor, verapamil. ATP efflux could be a cAMP‐dependent process, as IBMX (isobutylmethylxanthine) and forskolin triggered the process under iso‐osmotic conditions. Protein kinases, including protein kinase C, could also be involved, as staurosporine and chelerythrine inhibited the mechanism. Calcium could contribute to ATP efflux as ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, elicited a rapid release under iso‐osmotic conditions, and chelation using EGTA abolished ATP release under hypo‐osmotic conditions. RVD was partially abolished by apyrase, an ATP scavenger, and suramin, a purinoceptor antagonist. Moreover, hypo‐osmotic shock induced a rise in intracellular calcium which could be involved in RVD. Since extracellular ATP triggered an increase in cellular free‐calcium content under iso‐osmotic conditions, our results could indicate that hypo‐osmotic‐induced ATP efflux contributes to RVD in turbot hepatocytes by stimulating purinergic receptors, which may lead to activation of a calcium signalling pathway.Conclusions. These data provide the first evidence of volume‐sensitive ATP signalling for volume maintenance in a marine teleost fish cell type.