bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The attribution of aggression and grief to body movements: The effect of sex‐stereotypes
Authors: De Meijer Marco 
Published: May 2007

AbstractForty‐two adult subjects, 21 male and 21 female, were asked to rate 16 distinct movement expressions as to their expressiveness of aggression and grief. Each movement expressed anger or grief at one of four levels of diagnosticity. Of each movement two performances were selected, one by a male, the other by a female encoder. With higher levels of diagnosticity, higher ratings were given. The male encoder was rated higher in aggression than the female with movements at a high or moderate level of aggression, and lower than the female with movements at the lowest levels of diagnosticity. The female encoder was rated higher in grief than the male at all levels of diagnosticity.
Social categorization and person memory: The pervasiveness of race as an organizing principle
Authors: Hewstone Miles , Hantzi Alexander , Johnston Lucy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo studies investigated the pervasiveness of race as a social categorization and whether the organization of information around racial categories is sensitive to contextual factors. Both studies measured accentuation effects (more intra‐ than inter‐race errors) and own‐group bias (fewer confusions between own‐ than other‐group members) in person memory, using the paradigm developed by Taylor, Fiske, Etcoff and Ruderman (1978). Experiment 1 studies the generalization of these effects across ethnic group membership (black/white) and topic (categorization‐relevant/irrelevant) in a 2 × 2 [× 4] between‐subject design, with type of error as a repeated measure. There was a highly significant accentuation effect, which was not affected by either topic or group membership. Experiment 2, using white subjects only, manipulated anticipated future interaction/no interaction, which affected overall accuracy/error rate, but not the strong accentuation effect. Neither study found any support for an own‐group bias. Results are discussed in terms of the automaticity of race as a basis for social categorization.
Briefly induced belongingness to self and preference
Authors: Feys Jos 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe hypothesis was tested that mere ownership of an object ( in casu an abstract symbol)is a sufficient condition to enhance its attractiveness. The evidence was obtained through experimental manipulation of belongingness rather than in a quasi‐experimental context as was the case with the name letter effect, a preference for letters occurring in the own name above not‐own name letters which has been presented as the first evidence supporting the mere ownership hypothesis. Alternative explanations for the present results in terms of stimulus complexity and mere exposure are briefly presented en ruled out.
Persuasion, reactance, and judgments of interpersonal appeal
Authors: Wright Rex A. , Wadley Virginia G. , Danner Maria , Phillips Priscilla N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFemale undergraduates were or were not exposed to an opinion statement that threatened to a greater or lesser degree their freedom to make an independent assessment of the relative attractiveness of two males. Measures of perceived attractiveness and choice indicated a persuasion effect among subjects exposed to the mild statement and contrary opinions indicative of reactance among subjects exposed to the strong statement.
Post‐dicting eyewitness accuracy: Confidence, decision‐times and person descriptions of choosers and non‐choosers
Authors: Sporer Siegfried Ludwig 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study sought to investigate the utility of several variables to post‐dict eyewitness identifcation accuracy in target‐present and target‐absent line‐ups in a staged‐event paradigm. The incident involved an altercation between an experimenter and a confederate who a empted to take away the slide projector needed for an ongoing laboratory experiment. Sixty‐two subject‐witnesses were called back to the laboratory one week after the incident, purportedly to answer some additional questions about the laboratory experiment. They were asked to provide a description of the intruder and to indicate whether or not they thought they would be able to identify the target (pre‐decision confidence). Next, they saw a video line‐up with or without the target present. Using choice of a line‐up member as a mediating variable, with choosers post‐decision confidence (r = 0.58) and decision‐time (r = −0.43) were strongly related to the accuracy of this choice while pre‐decision confidence was not. For non‐choosers, no meaningful relationship between these variables and identifcation accuracy was observed. There was also some evidence that the number of descriptors was significantly related to identifcation accuracy (r = 0.28). Results are discussed in terms of the importance of choice as a mediating variable for post‐dieting identification decisions in studies using both target‐present and target‐absent line‐ups. Forensic implications of confidence and decision‐time as verbal and non‐verbal indicators for the post‐hoc assessment of identifcation accuracy are stressed.
Ingroup bias and the ‘black sheep’ effect: Assessing the impact of social identification and perceived variability on group judgements
Authors: Marques José M. , Robalo Elisabete M. , Rocha Susana A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo studies compared the relative strength of motivational assumptions drawn from SIT (e.g. Tajfel, 1978) and memory‐based assumptions drawn from the differential familiarity hypothesis (Linville, Fischer and Salovey, 1989) in explaining ingroup bias and the black sheep effect (Marques, 1986, 1990). In Study 1, 15 subjects estimated member distributions and gave overall ratings of an ingroup and two outgroups. In Study 2, 42 subjects performed similar tasks for ingroup or outgroup, and evaluated likeable and unlikeable group members. Results showed, first, that overall group ratings account better for ingroup bias than do central tendencies of group distributions. In addition, likeable and unlikeable ingroup members were, respectively, upgraded and downgraded relative to their outgroup counterparts. Finally, whole ingroup ratings as well as judgements of likeable and unlikeable ingroup members proved more independent from variability and central tendency of underlying distributions than did similar outgroup judgements. Results are discussed in light of motivational and knowledge‐based determinants of group judgements.
Mood and the perception of unusual people: Affective asymmetry in memory and social judgments
Authors: Forgas Joseph P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDoes good and bad mood have a different influence on our perceptions of typical and atypical people? In this experiment, people in happy, sad or neutral moods recalled, and formed impressions of high‐ or low‐prototypical characters. We expected an asymmetric mood effect on memory, with better recall of typical targets that require simplified, schematic processing in positive mood, but greater negative mood effects on atypical targets that require more detailed and inferential processing. Subjects (N = 66) an audio‐visual mood induction in an allegedly separate experiment, before recalling, and forming impressions about people who were consistent or inconsistent with familiar prototypes within their social milieu. We found the predicted mood‐congruent bias in judgments, that was significantly greater for non‐typical than for typical people. We also found evidence for positive‐negative mood asymmetry in memory, with better recall of typical people in positive mood, and atypical people in negative mood. The findings are discussed in terms of contemporary multi‐process models of affect and cognition (Forgas, 1992), and the implications for everyday affective influences on social judgments and stereotyping are considered.
Awareness of the influence as a determinant of assimilation versus contrast
Authors: Strack Fritz , Schwarz Norbert , Bless Herbert , Kübler Almut , Wänke Michaela 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the present study, subjects had to generate an evaluative judgment about a target person on the basis of his behaviour that had both positive and negative implications. In a previous phase of the study that was ostensibly unrelated to the judgment task, the relevant trait categories were primed. Subsequently, half of the subjects were reminded of the priming episode. Consistent with earlier research (e.g. Lombardi, Higgins and Bargh, 1987; Newman and Uleman, 1990) that used memory of the priming events as a correlational measure, a contrast effect was found under the ‘reminding’ condition and assimilation resulted when subjects were not reminded of the priming episode. This pattern of results is interpreted as the consequence of corrective influences.
The effects of intergroup discrimination and social values on level of self‐esteem in the minimal group paradigm
Authors: Chin Matthew G. , McClintock Charles G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe proposition that individuals engage in intergroup discrimination to increase or maintain positive social identity and a high level of self‐esteem has received some empirical support. An attempt was made to extend prior findings by evaluating whether intergroup allocation behaviour consistent with subjects' social values would lead to higher self‐esteem than inconsistent allocation behaviour. More specifically, it was predicted that competitive subjects' self‐esteem will be higher following discriminatory choices than fair choices and prosocial subjects' self‐esteem will be higher following fair choices than discriminatory choices. It was also predicted that after subjects were constrained to make discriminatory choices, competitors' self‐esteem would be higher than prosocials' self‐esteem and after subjects were constrained to make fair choices, prosocials' self‐esteem would be higher than competitors' self‐esteem. Experiment I supported the first of these predictions when a measure of personal self‐esteem was used as a dependent variable. Experiment 2 attempted to extend the generality of the findings of Experiment 1 by defining and measuring self‐esteem in collective terms. The expected prior pattern of results did not occur again. Constraining subjects to make discriminatory choices increased their collective self‐esteem regardless of their social values.
The informative functions of research procedures: Bias and the logic of conversation
Authors: Bless Herbert , Strack Fritz , Schwarz Norbert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractConversational rules of everyday communication are applied to the interaction between experimenters and subjects. According to these rules, contributions to a communication should be informative, relevant, true, and unambiguous. It is assumed that subjects determine the pragmatic meaning of instructions and questions on the basis of these rules and the provided context. In contrast to most natural settings, standardized experimental procedures rarely allow for an interactive determination of pragmatic meaning and often preclude feedback as a corrective device. As a consequence, subjects are required to rely heavily on general rules, and even subtle cues may become informationally loaded. The information extracted from context cues may often not be intended by the experimenter. Thus subjects may infer more than they are supposed to, resulting in discrepancies between the experimenter's intended and subjects' inferred meaning of the instructions. If researchers are not sensitive to the information provided by verbal and non‐verbal context cues, their interpretation of research results may be based on biased data. Evidence from different research domains is reported to support the presented assumptions and their implications for bias avoiding strategies are discussed.
Aligned electrospun nanofibers specify the direction of dorsal root ganglia neurite growth
Authors: Corey Joseph M. , Lin David Y. , Mycek Katherine B. , Chen Qiaoran , Samuel Stanley , Feldman Eva L. , Martin David C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNerve injury, a significant cause of disability, may be treated more effectively using nerve guidance channels containing longitudinally aligned fibers. Aligned, electrospun nanofibers direct the neurite growth of immortalized neural stem cells, demonstrating potential for directing regenerating neurites. However, no study of neurite guidance on these fibers has yet been performed with primary neurons. Here, we examined neurites from dorsal root ganglia explants on electrospun poly‐L‐lactate nanofibers of high, intermediate, and random alignment. On aligned fibers, neurites grew radially outward from the ganglia and turned to follow the fibers upon contact. Neurite guidance was robust, with neurites never leaving the fibers to grow on the surrounding cover slip. To compare the alignment of neurites to that of the nanofiber substrates, Fourier methods were used to quantify the alignment. Neurite alignment, however striking, was inferior to fiber alignment on all but the randomly aligned fibers. Neurites on highly aligned substrates were 20 and 16% longer than neurites on random and intermediate fibers, respectively. Schwann cells on fibers assumed a very narrow morphology compared to those on the surrounding coverslip. The robust neurite guidance demonstrated here is a significant step toward the use of aligned, electrospun nanofibers for nerve regeneration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Visualization and integration of quantum topological atoms by spatial discretization into finite elements
Authors: Rafat M. , Popelier P. L. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present a novel algorithm to integrate property densities over the volume of a quantum topological atom. Atoms are grown outward, starting from a sphere centered on the nucleus, by means of a finite element meshing algorithm. Bond critical points and ring critical points require special treatment. The overall philosophy as well as intricate features of this meshing algorithm are given, followed by details of the quadrature over the finite elements. An effort has been made to design a streamlined and compact algorithm, focusing on the core of challenges arising in tracing the electron density's gradient vector field. The current algorithm also generates a new type of pictures that can be a Graphical User Interface. Excellent integration errors, L(Ω), are obtained, even for atoms with (narrow) tails or sharp corners. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2007
Evaluation of the Ortho‐Clinical Diagnostics Vitros ECi Anti‐HCV test: comparison with three other methods
Authors: Watterson Jeannette M. , Stallcup Paulina , Escamilla David , Chernay Patrick , Reyes Alfred , Trevino Sylvia C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAfter observing a high incidence of low positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody screens by the Ortho‐Clinical Vitros ECi test (Orthoclinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ), we compared results against those obtained using another chemiluminescent analyzer, as well as two U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved confirmatory methodologies. To ascertain the true anti‐HCV status of samples deemed low‐positive by the Ortho‐Clinical Vitros ECi test, we tested samples using the ADVIA Centaur HCV screen test (Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostics), the Chiron recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) test (Chiron Corp., Emeryville, CA), and the Roche COBAS Amplicor HCV qualitative test (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) in a series of studies. Of 94 specimens positive by Vitros ECi, 19% were observed to be negative by Centaur. A separate study of 91 samples with signal‐to‐cutoff (s/co) values less than 8.0 showed that all but one was negative for HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA). In comparison with RIBA, 100% (77) samples positive by the Vitros ECi test with s/co values less than 12.0 were negative or indeterminate by RIBA. A final study comparing all four methods side‐by‐side showed 63% disagreement by Centaur for Vitros ECi low‐positive samples, 75% disagreement by RIBA, and 97% disagreement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In conclusion, the Ortho‐Clinical Vitros ECi Anti‐HCV test yields a high rate of false‐positive results in the low s/co range in our patient population. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:162–166, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of high antibody titers of pertussis in Turkey: reflection of circulating microorganism and a threat to infants
Authors: Esen Berrin , Coplu Nilay , Kurtoglu Demet , Gozalan Aysegul , Akin Levent 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAcute pertussis infection among adults can cause its transmission to the larger population, especially to infants and young children, who can develop severe disease. In order to determine an age‐dependent pertussis immune response, anti‐pertussis toxin (PT) antibody was detected by the indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in serum samples from 2,085 healthy subjects ranging in age from 6 months to ≥60 years. Also included in the evaluation were responses to a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, vaccination, and infection history. Titers of 50–99 ELISA units (EU)/mL and of ≥100 EU/mL were accepted as indicative for recent exposure or infection. In addition, 30 EU/mL was estimated to be a sufficient titer in women of childbearing age to protect their newborns until administration of their first dose of pertussis vaccine. After the age of 4–5 years, presence of high‐titered antibodies that increase with age might be a reflection of circulating infection and indicate the magnitude of the threat to infants. According to the questionnaires, in the groups younger than 15 years old, three to four doses of diphtheria toxoid‐whole cell pertussis‐tetanus toxoid (DwPT) were administered in 47.2 to 77.4%, 91.2 to 100.0%, and 83.5 to 100.0% of participants in Diyarbakir, Samsun, and Antalya, respectively. In addition, up to half of the expectant mothers we studied lacked a sufficient level of estimated antibody titers. To protect infants from life‐threatening pertussis infection, improving vaccination coverage to ensure herd immunity and uniformly establishing coverage throughout the country are essential. Furthermore, revaccination with acellular vaccine for schoolchildren as well as for the households of pregnant women is recommended. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:154–161, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of immunoradiometric assays for determination of thyroglobulin: a validation study
Authors: Tortajada‐Genaro L.A. , Cózar M.P. , Moreno Frigols J.L. , Romero de Avila C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this study we compared and validated commercial immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) to determine thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in serum. From a set of 440 samples, 68 were selected to calculate the validation parameters and the clinical performance of the assays. The commercial kits evaluated were the Tg‐CTK (DiaSorin), IRMAZenco Tg (ZenTech), and SELco‐Tg (Medipan). We found that 21% of the collected samples were in the critical range of concentration. Detection limits were calculated as being below 3 µg/L. Intra‐ and inter‐reproducibility were lower than 3.1% and 9.2%, respectively. Dilution and recovery studies provided quantitative determinations. Correlation regression coefficients from the results of the methods were obtained. The determined concentrations were compared with the clinical evidence of disease. Variation in the 125‐iodine‐labeled antibody concentration and control charts showed the robustness of the methods. Analysis time and the simplicity of the methods were also evaluated. Reliable Tg determination is important for monitoring patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), controlling other thyroid diseases, and assessing the quality of imaging techniques. A strategy for verification and comparison based on analytical parameters and clinical performance is proposed. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:147–153, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk analysis of coronary heart diseases in Korean adults by using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III
Authors: Lee Yong‐Wha , Min Won‐Ki , Lee Woochang , Chun Sail , Park Hyosoon , Lee Do‐Hoon , Lee You Kyoung 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III), updated in 2001, quantified the risk factors and made it possible to assess risks for metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary heart diseases (CHD). Many reported the prevalence of MS by NCEP ATP III in Orientals but few did risk analysis of CHD. We investigated the risk of CHD in Korean adults and the distribution of population for therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) and drug therapy according to the NCEP ATP III guidelines. Based on ATP III risk factors, estimates of the 10‐year risk for CHD on 16,383 Koreans and the distributions of population for the TLC and additional drug therapy by sex and age were calculated. High‐, intermediate‐, and low‐risk groups were 8.1%, 24.1%, and 67.8%, respectively; 12.1% (high‐, intermediate‐, and low‐risk groups: 32.0%, 45.1%, and 6.0%, respectively) needed TLC and 6.1% (high‐, intermediate‐, and low‐risk groups: 39.4%, 16.6%, and 1.3%, respectively) needed additional drug therapy. The groups with higher risk needed more TLC and drug therapy. In the same age group, the rates of high risk in men showed a 1.0–6.6 fold increase compared with those in women. In Koreans, those who needed TLC and drug therapy were substantially lower than those in Americans. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:178–182, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Turbidimetric carbamazepine immunoassay on the ADVIA® 1650 and 2400 analyzers is free from interference of antihistamine drugs hydroxyzine and cetirizine
Authors: Datta Pradip , Dasgupta Amitava 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA recent report indicates that hydroxyzine and its active metabolite cetirizine interfere with the particle‐enhanced turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay (PENTINA) carbamazepine assay. We studied potential interference of hydroxyzine and cetirizine with the turbidimetric carbamazepine immunoassay on ADVIA® 1650 and ADVIA 2400 (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, NY) analyzers. Aliquots of drug‐free serum pools were supplemented with various concentrations of hydroxyzine and cetirizine representing therapeutic, moderate toxic, as well as very toxic concentrations. These samples were assayed by the turbidimetric carbamazepine immunoassay on two analyzers. To study the interference in presence of the analyte, aliquots of a serum pool prepared from patients receiving carbamazepine were further supplemented with various amounts of hydroxyzine and or cetirizine and apparent carbamazepine concentrations were measured again in order to compare with the value of original pool. No apparent carbamazepine concentration was observed when aliquots of drug‐free serum were supplemented with hydroxyzine or cetirizine. Moreover, in the carbamazepine pool, the original carbamazepine concentration compared well when aliquots of this serum pool were further supplemented with hydroxyzine or cetirizine. We conclude that the turbidimetric carbamazepine immunoassay is free from interference of hydroxyzine and cetirizine. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:188–192, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.