bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the association between early childhood caries, malnutrition, and anemia by machine learning algorithm
Authors: Fasna K. , Khan Saima Yunus , Ahmad Ayesha , Sharma Manoj Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and also the hierarchy of association if any with malnutrition, anemia, and other risk factors with ECC using machine learning algorithms.

Methods:
A hospital-based preventive and interventional study was conducted on SAM children (age = 2 to <6 years) who were admitted to the malnutrition treatment unit (MTU). An oral examination for early childhood caries status was done using the deft index. The anthropometric measurements and blood examination reports were recorded. Oral health education and preventive dental treatments were given to the admitted children. Three machine learning algorithms (Random Tree, CART, and Neural Network) were applied to assess the relationship between early childhood caries, malnutrition, anemia, and the risk factors.

Results:
The Random Tree model showed that age was the most significant factor in predicting ECC with predictor importance of 98.75%, followed by maternal education (29.20%), hemoglobin level (16.67%), frequency of snack intake (9.17%), deft score (8.75%), consumption of snacks (7.1%), breastfeeding (6.25%), severe acute malnutrition (5.42%), frequency of sugar intake (3.75%), and religion at the minimum predictor importance of 2.08%.

Conclusion:
Anemia and malnutrition play a significant role in the prediction, hence in the causation of ECC. Pediatricians should also keep in mind that anemia and malnutrition have a negative impact on children’s dental health. Hence, Pediatricians and Pediatric dentist should work together in treating this health problem.
Expression of salivary levels of S100A7 in oral submucous fibrosis and oral leukoplakia
Authors: Fathima Razwia , Ramamoorthi Raghini , Gopalakrishnan Sivakumar , Jayaseelan Vijayashree P. , Muniapillai Sivakumar 
Published: April 2024

Aim:
The aim of the study is to evaluate the expression of S100A7 levels in saliva of oral sub-mucous fibrosis, oral leukoplakia patients, and healthy control.

Materials and Methods:
The study comprised of saliva samples from 15 patients each with clinically diagnosed oral sub-mucous fibrosis, oral leukoplakia, and healthy control. Salivary S100A7 levels were estimated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. The significance level is fixed at 5% (α = 0.05). To compare the mean values of concentration between the disease group oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and control, one-way analysis of variance was used followed by a post
hoc test for multiple pairwise comparisons.

Results:
The results of the study indicated a statistically significant increase in the salivary S100A7 level among the OSMF and OL when compared with the control group. When a pairwise comparison was done between OSMF with a control group and leukoplakia with a control group, a statistically significant difference was observed, subsequently while comparing OSMF with leukoplakia, and no statistically significant difference was observed.

Conclusion:
Results from this study demonstrated increased S100A7 levels in OSMF and OL when compared with control group. This indicated that salivary S100A7 can be used as an adjunctive marker to identify patients at risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Immunohistochemical study of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PDL1) expression by combined positive score using 22C3 clone in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, its correlation with clinicopathological features and outcome
Authors: Gangadhar Prithal , Ilanthodi Sandhya , Shetty Rachan , Shenoy K. Kamalaksh , Philipose Thoppil Reba 
Published: April 2024

Context:
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD L1) is a transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in neoplastic cells. Therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors target PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-inducing tumour regression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PD-L1 expression enables patient selection for immunotherapy and can be considered as a potential predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Aims:
To determine the PDL1 expression in HNSCC, to correlate with clinicopathological features and outcome.

Settings and Design:
We retrospectively analysed 59 cases of HNSCC at our Tertiary Hospital between January 2017 and November 2018 and followed up until death/Nov 2022 for Overall survival.

Methods and Material:
IHC analysis of PD-L1 using Combined Positive Score (CPS) with antibody clone 22C3 in 59 cases of HNSCC was performed. PD-L1 expression was correlated with clinicopathological features and outcomes.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Pearson Chi-square test was used to analyse the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological parameters using SPSS20.0. Survival curves were calculated by Kaplan–Meier method, and differences were analysed by log-rank test.

Results:
A total of 25 cases (42.4%) had positive PDL expression (CPS ≥1). 16/25 cases (27.1%) belonged to CPS (≥1, <10). An almost-perfect interobserver agreement was noted by two pathologists for PD-L1 IHC expression. No statistically significant correlation was noted between PD-L1 score and clinicopathologic features.

Conclusions:
Detection of PD-L1 status gives further insight into frequency of PD-L1 expression in Indian HNSCC patients to possibly improve clinical treatment strategies, ensuring that our patients get the maximum therapeutic benefit of immunotherapy.
Comparative evaluation of alkaline ionized water and normal water on oral microbial flora: An in-vitro study
Authors: Kurup Pranav R. , Patel Rahul R. , Suraja R. , Mishra Mayur 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Various artificial chemical agents have been evaluated over many years with respect to their antimicrobial effect in oral cavity. The gold standard for removal of plaque is usage of chlorhexidine, but it can cause alteration in taste sensation and staining of teeth. Electrolytes and oxidizing water may be useful against microbes, but its clinical application has still not been evaluated. Hence this present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the alkaline ionized water on oral microbial flora.

Materials and Methods:
Ten non-carious, un-restored and intact freshly extracted human teeth were collected and sectioned using a round bur. Each tooth was sectioned longitudinally in two parts and stored in closed sterile containers which was filled with alkaline ionized water (Group 1) and normal water (Group 2), respectively for 15 days. The microbial growth was analyzed prior to dipping in the solutions, 3 days, 7 days and 15 days. The pH of alkaline ionized water and normal water was evaluated using pH meter before placing teeth in different solutions. Results were analyzed using t-test and the level of significance was set at ≤ 0.05.

Results:
No difference in bacterial colony was observed before test and after 3 days among Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. After 7 days and 15 days, statistically significant decrease in bacterial colony count was seen among Group 1 as compared to Group 2 (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
It was then concluded that alkaline ionized water can be effective in reduction of oral microbial flora.
“Pleomorphic adenoma in salivary glands: Insights from a 100-patient analysis”
Authors: Sheereen Shazima , Manva Mohnish Zulfikar , Sheereen Shamama , Patil Namrata N. , Abdelrahim Rawa K. , Afroz Mohammed Malik 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a benign epithelial tumour originating from the salivary gland, specifically the parotid gland. This study aims to comprehensively analyse the clinical and pathological features of PA by examining the characteristics of the tumour, including its histological structure and immunohistochemical profile.

Materials and Methods:
Over 8 years, beginning in October 2015 and ending in October 2023, an exhaustive retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India. The research focused on 100 cases of pleomorphic adenoma and involved a meticulous examination of the clinical and pathological characteristics obtained by retrieving the pertinent files.

Results:
Out of all the primary tumours, the majority (n = 70) was found in the parotid gland, followed by PA that developed from the minor salivary glands of the palate (n = 07), the submandibular gland (n = 17), and the lacrimal gland (n = 04). Only two cases had a primary tumour located in the lips. Females were more susceptible to these tumours than males. The parotid gland tumours showed a distinct trend in laterality, with 73 cases observed on the right side. In 85%, the initial symptom of the condition was painless swelling.

Conclusion:
Salivary gland PA is typically a benign tumour. However, a subset of these tumours can exhibit a malignant phenotype. The preferred treatment is surgical excision with adequate margins.
Low-grade intraductal carcinoma in minor salivary glands: A case report and clinical insights
Authors: Louizakis Alexandros , Tatsis Dimitris , Papadopoulou Stavroula , Vahtsevanos Konstantinos 
Published: April 2024

Rationale:
Low-grade intraductal carcinoma (LG-IC), is a rare malignant tumour of the salivary glands which has a very good prognosis and must be differentiated from the other types of salivary gland malignant tumours, which have a totally different behaviour and a worse prognosis.

Patient Concerns:
A case is presented of a 52-year-old woman who was first diagnosed and treated in another clinic in 2019 for an LG-IC in the left submandibular gland space. Two years later, she was admitted to our department with a new lesion, this time in the upper jaw lip on the left side, which also turned out to be LG-IC.

Diagnosis:
Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography-computed tomography were performed in order to diagnose and adequately stage the disease prior to the therapeutic intervention.

Outcomes:
A 6-month follow-up reveals no sign of recurrence.

Takeaway Lessons:
Literature on this rare histopathological entity, as well as the differential diagnosis with the other malignant lesions of the salivary glands and the frequency of metastasis, were reviewed.
Eliciting “health” as a priority among policymakers in India: A paradigm shift in focus postpandemic
Authors: Kanwar Dhanak , Sharma Nandita , Singh Mahendra , Aggarwal Pradeep 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Many legislatures allow for written or in-person questions to be directed to members of the administration, which is a common feature of legislatures. The parliamentary probes usually generate a lot of media attention and public interest. The types of questions that are asked in parliament and the outcomes are still unknown, despite their significance and interest.

Aim and Objectives:
The study aimed to assess the interest of Indian parliamentarians (Lok Sabha) in health issues by screening the questions raised in the Lok Sabha related to health.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study using records from the 17th Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2022 was done to identify “health-related” inquiries made by parliamentarians between 2014 and 2022.

Results:
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare explicitly responded to questions in the Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2022, making up 5.41% of all questions (starred and unstarred) raised during that time. Of the total 117,967 questions raised in the Lok Sabha from 2014 to 2022, these 6389 questions were related to “health.”

Conclusion:
In India, the COVID-19 pandemic has sparked worries about several issues, including the quality of health care, institutional and governmental responses, and challenges with law and order. The constitutional and statutory framework ought to be useful in answering these problems.
A qualitative study regarding perception and challenges faced by providers and beneficiaries of Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram in general and also amid the COVID-19 pandemic at an urban health center from Ahmedabad City
Authors: Pirzada Azbah , Sharma Rashmi , Bhatt Gneyaa , Bakshi Harsh , Oza Divyang , Dave Roshni , Jani Dharati , Bapat Nirav 
Published: April 2024

Background:
During COVID-19 pandemic, service providers and beneficiaries of Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) faced certain challenges.

Objectives:
The objective was to assess the perception and challenges faced by service providers and beneficiaries in general and amid the pandemic for availing the services at an urban health center in Ahmedabad.

Methodology:
Data of registered cases under RBSK at Urban Health Center (UHC) Ognaj in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 were compared. In depth interviews (IDIs) of Medical Officer RBSK were done. Home visits were done to document the perception and challenges of beneficiaries through semi/unstructured questionnaire.

Results:
Considering the cases of 2018–2019 as base, registered cases decreased by 22.8% in 2019–2020 and 92.4% in 2020–2021. The pandemic affected 15.6% of beneficiaries in availing the services. Program was affected due to: (1) less workforce (vacant pharmacist post), (2) target-based approach, and (3) birth defects, deficiency disorders, chronic diseases, and development delays, especially deficiency not perceived a serious health issue by beneficiaries. Corona-specific reasons included: (1) staff deployment in COVID-19 activities, (2) reluctance/fear in visiting District Early Intervention Center (DEIC)/health facility, (3) reduced screening due to the closure of schools/Anganwadi Kendras, and (4) enforced lockdown.

Conclusions:
RBSK mobile health teams found it difficult to reach all 4Ds, more so for follow-up. RBSK was badly affected due to the engagement of providers in COVID-19 work, the closure of facilities, perception of beneficiaries that 4Ds are not of urgent medical concern, prevailing myths. A clear strategy is required to address such problems when the same or a similar type of pandemic strikes us in future.
Prevalence of urinary incontinence and its associated factors among peri- and postmenopausal women of Bollikunta village, Warangal
Authors: Divyasri Rudrakshala , Jha Punam Kumari , Bhavani R. , Kuchana Sai Kiran , Kode Rohith 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Urinary incontinence (UI) is an unintentional or involuntary loss of urine. Stress and urge incontinence are the most common types. Many women feel embarrassed to seek medical care, and it affects their quality of life to a greater extent and is usually a neglected problem among rural communities.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and to determine the factors associated with UI among peri- and postmenopausal women.

Methodology:
A community-based cross-sectional study was done among 200 peri- and postmenopausal women of age ≥40 years. The sample size was calculated using a prevalence of 25% from previous studies with a 95% confidence interval and absolute precision of 6%. A simple random sampling technique was employed. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis scale was used for data collection. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20.0. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The prevalence of UI was 24% (48 out of 200 women), of which stress incontinence was seen in 15% and urge incontinence in 17% of women. Mixed incontinence was seen in 8% of women. Factors such as increasing age, attainment of menopause, chronic constipation, diabetes, and recurrent UTIs were significantly associated with UI.

Conclusion:
Two out of every ten peri- and postmenopausal women were found to have UI. Identification of women at risk, educating them regarding preventive measures, following a healthy diet, and encouraging them to seek medical care can greatly reduce their chance of developing UI and aid in improving their quality of life.
Correlation between hematocrit and inferior vena cava collapsibility in adult patients with dengue fever: A prospective, observational study at a tertiary care setup in Eastern India
Authors: Chatterjee Rupak , Halder Prantiki , Samajdar Shambo Samrat , Ghosal Puranjit , Mukherjee Shatavisa , Jana Kingshuk , Saha Bibhuti 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Dengue fever (DF) is a vector-borne arboviral infection prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Early recognition of severity of the disease with appropriate fluid management is a challenge to the clinicians. Increase in capillary permeability is the pathophysiological hallmark of the disease which parallels with increase in hematocrit. This study aimed to evaluate the inferior vena cava (IVC) collapsibility and its relation to hematocrit.

Methods:
A prospective, observational study was conducted in the inpatient department of tropical medicine over a period of 1 year in a tertiary care set up in Eastern India. Clinical data and hematocrit of adult dengue cases were documented and their IVC collapsibility determined by bedside ultrasonography (USG) was recorded. Association was assessed between IVC collapsibility and hematocrit. Results were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Seventy dengue cases were included - 59 cases of DF with warning signs and 11 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). 85.7% of study population presented at febrile phase of their illness. Bedside USG was correlated with hematocrit on day 2 of admission. IVC was collapsible in 79.7% cases of DF and 90.9% cases of DHF. Of the 47 DF cases with collapsible IVC, 95.7% had high hematocrit, while all DHF cases with collapsible IVC had high hematocrit. A significant association between IVC collapsibility and hematocrit was noted (P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
The assessment of intravascular volume status by bedside USG-IVC collapsibility is a helpful noninvasive and better tool than hematocrit for determining fluid resuscitation in DF.
Gestação Gemelar Diamniótica-dicoriônica de Paciente em Hemodiálise
Authors: Domingues de Souza Filho Kleber , De Oliveira Marcela Leone Pereira , De Castro Sant’Anna Mariana , Monteiro Pessoa Paulo Eugênio 
Published: April 2024

RESUMO
Paciente de 25 anos, sexo feminino, Gesta II Para 0 Aborto I, idade gestacional de 12 semanas de acordo com o primeiro ultrassom, foi encaminhada por sua nefrologista ao Hospital São João Batista no dia 19/05/2022 devido a sintomas de anemia importante. A gestante está em acompanhamento no pré-natal de alto risco devido à gestação gemelar diamniótica-dicoriônica, doença renal crônica dialítica e hipertensão arterial sistêmica crônica. Após o tratamento da anemia e infecção do trato urinário com resolução dos sintomas e melhora dos exames laboratoriais, a paciente recebeu alta hospitalar com prescrição mantendo a hemodiálise e o uso da alfametildopa e eritropoetina com a mesma posologia.
ABSTRACT / RESUMEN
A 25-year-old female patient, Gesta II Para 0 Abortion I, gestational age of 12 weeks according to the first ultrasound, was referred by her nephrologist to Hospital São João Batista on 05/19/2022 due to symptoms of significant anemia. The pregnant woman is undergoing high-risk prenatal care due to diamniotic-dichorionic twin pregnancy, dialysis chronic kidney disease and chronic systemic arterial hypertension. After the treatment of anemia and urinary tract infection with resolution of symptoms and improvement of laboratory tests, the patient was discharged from hospital with a prescription, maintaining hemodialysis and the use of alpha-methyldopa and erythropoietin with the same dosage.
Addressing the "Winner-Takes-All" Character of Sustainability Taxonomies: Towards a Scorecard Approach
Authors: Zetzsche Dirk Andreas , Bodellini Marco 
Published: April 2024

Sustainability classification systems (or "taxonomies"), of which the EU environmental taxonomy is the most important, often result in a binary approach whereby best-in-class economic activities are qualified as sustainable, while all other activities are grouped together into a catch-all category irrespective of their contribution to, or potential for, contributing to and/or furthering the transition towards a sustainable economy.Such binary approaches are misleading and likely to result in under-investment in both activities crucial for the transition to net zero and innovation with the potential to support and facilitate such a pro-environment transition. Making taxonomies easy to apply, consistent, open to innovation and comprehensive at the same time is imperative if the world’s economies are to achieve net zero, even when this dilutes technical precision in the process.We argue in favour of expanding classification systems to include (information on) transition and potential transition activities, and present a scorecard approach to meet that very objective.

Received: 23 October 2023 | Revised: 4 April 2024 | Accepted: 12 April 2024

Conflicts of Interest
Dirk Andreas Zetzsche is an editorial board member for Green and Low-Carbon Economy, and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing not applicable – no new data generated.
A Structural Equation Model Study for Adoption of Internet of Things for the Growth of Manufacturing Industries in Australia
Authors: Mitra Abhishek , Seetharaman Arumugam , Maddulety Koilakuntla 
Published: April 2024

This research study delves into the integration of IoT within the Australian manufacturing sector, analyzing five key factors influencing adoption and drawing comparisons with Rogers’ innovation theory. Its objectives encompass assessing how competitiveness, regulatory support, management support, manufacturing growth, and cost savings affect IoT adoption. Methodologically, the research journey includes defining the problem, conducting a thorough literature review, crafting a research proposal, executing pilot and main studies, validating findings, and ultimately composing the final thesis. Quantitative data obtained from a large pool of over 500 respondents shed light on the positive impacts of competitiveness, regulatory support, and cost savings on IoT adoption. Additionally, the study employs Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) to underscore the significance of management support in successful IoT implementation. Despite facing limitations such as common method bias and constraints on generalizability, the research underscores the transformative potential of IoT in enhancing operational efficiency and decision-making within Australian manufacturing. Overall, the study’s findings confirm the significant influence of key factors on IoT adoption, affirming its potential to drive competitiveness, regulatory compliance, cost efficiency, and growth within the Australian manufacturing landscape.

Received: 17 January 2024 | Revised: 20 March 2024 | Accepted: 31 March 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.