bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN STRESS‐INDUCED HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SCAVENGING BY THE ULVOID MACROALGA ULVA LACTUCA1
Authors: Ross Cliff , Alstyne Kathryn L. Van 
Published: May 2007

We investigated the presence and kinetics of the oxidative stress response in intertidal and subtidal individuals of the ulvoid macroalga Ulva lactuca L. Stress responses, as measured with both enzymatic and fluorescent‐based antioxidant assays, differed between individuals collected from a subtidal and an intertidal habitat. Subtidal individuals secreted significantly more hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than intertidal individuals when subjected to osmotic stress or desiccation. The activity of reactive‐oxygen‐scavenging enzymes and the ability to scavenge exogenous H2O2 were lower in subtidal than in intertidal individuals, suggesting that subtidal individuals are less stress tolerant. In vitro experimentation demonstrated that millimolar concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its breakdown products could efficiently scavenge H2O2, with DMSP being a less‐effective scavenger than dimethyl sulfide (DMS), acrylic acid, and acrylate. The addition of H2O2 at concentrations of 2.5 mM or greater induced the cleavage of DMSP into DMS and acrylic acid in subtidal individuals. Intertidal individuals were affected in the same manner with the addition of 5 mM H2O2. There were no differences in the amounts of DMSP cleavage in subtidal and intertidal algae when the algae were subjected to hyposaline conditions. Our data suggest that the oxidative‐stress‐induced cleavage of DMSP affords products with efficient H2O2‐scavenging abilities. In addition, U. lactuca individuals growing in intertidal habitats are better acclimatized to changing environments and thus have a higher threshold for oxidative stress than conspecifics in subtidal habitats.
Inflammation and Frailty in Older Women
Authors: Leng Sean X. , Xue Qian‐Li , Tian Jing , Walston Jeremy D. , Fried Linda P. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate relationships between white blood cell (WBC) count and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and prevalent frailty.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study.SETTING: Two population‐based studies, the Women's Health and Aging Studies (WHAS) I and II, Baltimore, Maryland.PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred fifty‐eight women aged 65 to 101 from WHAS I and 548 women aged 70 to 79 from the merged WHAS I and II cohorts.MEASUREMENTS: Frailty was determined using validated screening criteria. WBC counts and IL‐6 levels were measured using standard laboratory methods. Odds ratios (ORs) for frailty were evaluated across tertiles of baseline WBC counts and IL‐6 levels, adjusting for age, race, education, body mass index, and smoking status.RESULTS: In WHAS I, those in the top tertile of WBC count and IL‐6 had ORs of 4.25 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.89–9.58) and 3.98 (95% CI=1.76–9.00), respectively, for frailty (both P<.001). In the combined models, participants in the top tertile of WBC count had an OR of 3.15 (95% CI=1.34–7.41), adjusting for IL‐6 (P<.01), and those in the top tertile of IL‐6 had an OR of 2.81 (95% CI=1.19–6.64), adjusting for WBC count (P<.05). Furthermore, participants in the top tertiles of WBC count and IL‐6 had an OR of 9.85 (95% CI=3.04–31.99), and those in the middle/top tertiles had an OR of 5.40 (95% CI=1.83–15.92) (P<.001, trend test) for frailty. These results were validated in the merged WHAS I and II.CONCLUSION: Higher WBC counts and IL‐6 levels were independently associated with prevalent frailty in community‐dwelling older women.
Clinical Factors Associated with Prescription of a Prosthetic Limb in Elderly Veterans
Authors: Kurichi Jibby E. , Kwong Pui L. , Reker Dean M. , Bates Barbara E. , Marshall Clifford R. , Stineman Margaret G. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVES: To determine how advanced age influences prosthetic prescription.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis with theory‐driven logistic regression models. A Post Amputation Quality‐of‐Life (PAQ) framework of outcomes was proposed and empirically tested.SETTING: Veterans Affairs Medical Centers.PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand three hundred seventy‐five veterans with lower extremity amputations discharged between October 1, 2002, and September 30, 2003.MEASUREMENTS: Prosthetic prescription within 1 year of amputation.RESULTS: Patients younger than 76 were 4.5 times as likely to receive a prescription compared to those aged 86 and older (odds ratio=4.51, 95% confidence interval=1.36–14.99) after controlling for sex, marital status, living circumstance before hospitalization, anatomical level, etiologies, comorbidities, medical acuity, and initial functional status. Patients admitted from extended care and patients with peripheral vascular disease, systemic sepsis, renal failure, congestive heart failure, psychoses, metastatic cancer, paralysis, or other neurological disorders were less likely to receive a prescription, as were patients who underwent procedures for acute central nervous system disorders, severe renal disease, or serious nutritional compromise. Veterans evaluated initially as more cognitively and physically able had higher likelihood of prosthetic prescription, and those with transtibial amputations had higher likelihood of prosthetic prescription than those with transfemoral amputations.CONCLUSION: Amputees aged 75 and older are less likely to receive a prosthetic limb prescription than younger individuals, even after controlling for comorbidities and functional status. Findings support the PAQ framework, in which contexts, etiologies, anatomic level, comorbidities, medical acuity, and initial function are determinants of outcome. Medical and functional conditions that adversely affect level of energy, ability to move independently, or ability to exercise judgment reduce the likelihood of prosthetic prescription.
Older Age Predicts Short‐Term, Serious Events After Syncope
Authors: Sun Benjamin C. , Hoffman Jerome R. , Mangione Carol M. , Mower William R. 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between age and 14‐day serious events after an emergency department (ED) visit for syncope.DESIGN: One‐year prospective cohort study.SETTING: Single academic ED.PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients with an ED complaint of syncope or near‐syncope.MEASUREMENTS: Treating physicians prospectively recorded the presence or absence of potential risk factors for serious clinical events. Patients were contacted by telephone at 14 days for a structured interview. A three‐physician panel reviewed ED charts, hospital records, and telephone interview forms to identify predefined events. The primary outcome included any 14‐day predefined event. A secondary outcome included any 14‐day predefined event that was first diagnosed after the initial ED visit. Age was analyzed in 20‐year intervals. Multivariate logistic regression controlled for baseline demographic, comorbidity, and electrocardiogram data.RESULTS: Of 592 eligible patients, 477 (81%) provided informed consent. Follow‐up was successfully obtained for 463 (97%) patients. The age range was 18 to 96, and 47% of patients were aged 60 and older. There were 80 (17%) patients who had a 14‐day event, including 18 (4%) with a delayed diagnosis. Compared with patients aged 18 to 39, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of a serious outcome was 2.7 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.9–8.4) for patient aged 40 to 59, 3.8 (95% CI=1.3–12) for patients aged 60 to 79, and 3.8 (95% CI=1.2–12) for patients aged 80 and older.CONCLUSION: Age of 60 and older is strongly associated with short‐term serious events after an ED visit for syncope.
Depressive Symptoms and Rates of Bone Loss at the Hip in Older Women
Authors: Diem Susan J. , Blackwell Terri L. , Stone Katie L. , Yaffe Kristine , Cauley Jane A. , Whooley Mary A. , Ensrud Kristine E. ,   for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain whether depressive symptoms are associated with increased rates of bone loss at the hip.DESIGN: Population‐based prospective cohort study.SETTING: Four clinical centers in the United States.PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand one hundred seventy‐seven community‐dwelling women, aged 69 and older, enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures.MEASUREMENTS: Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Subjects were categorized as depressed if their GDS score was 6 or greater at the fourth examination. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip was measured using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry at the fourth and sixth examinations (average 4.4 years between examinations). Use of antidepressant medications was assessed by interview and verified from medication containers at the fourth and sixth examinations of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. A computerized dictionary was used to categorize type of medication.RESULTS: In age‐adjusted models, mean total hip BMD decreased 0.69%/year in 3,977 women with a GDS score of less than 6, compared with 0.96%/year in 200 women with a GDS score of 6 or greater (P<.01). Results were not substantially altered when adjusted for potential confounders and when users of antidepressants were excluded from the analysis.CONCLUSION: Depression, as defined by a GDS score of 6 or greater, was associated with an increased rate of bone loss at the hip in this cohort of older women. Clinicians should be aware of a possible increased rate of bone loss in older, depressed women.
The Perishability of Online Grocers*
Authors: Cattani Kyle , Perdikaki Olga , Marucheck Ann 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTIn this article we explore the profitability of different operations models used by online grocers and develop a linear demand model in a competitive setting to better understand the trade‐offs made by two competing online grocers in choices for distribution strategy (leverage or direct) and product focus (perishable or nonperishable). We find that the results derived in the duopoly setting are different from those in a monopolistic setting. Specifically, we determine that there is a threshold value for the secondary competitive effects in the demand function that determines how the prices and profitability of an online grocer will be affected by the supply chain length of its competitor. There is also a threshold value for the ratio of supply chain lengths of the two competitors that determines whether product perishability increases or decreases profits. We demonstrate that the existence of this threshold is robust when considering capacity constraints. Further, we show, assuming that supply chain length can be optimized, how the relative size of the infrastructure change cost (when compared with that of the competitor) coupled with the perishability of the product determines the profitability of an investment leading to a shorter supply chain.
The Underwriter Persistence Phenomenon
Authors: HOBERG GERARD 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis study presents new evidence that initial IPO returns have persistent underwriter‐specific components. These components cannot be explained by existing measures of underwriter quality, underwriter service, or controls for several known predictors of initial IPO returns. Tests that trace the roots of persistence most broadly support theories of asymmetric information among underwriters. I present such a model, and consistent with its predictions, I find that high underpricing underwriters (1) are responsible for a majority of the partial adjustment phenomenon, (2) make more informed analyst revisions, (3) experience superior market share growth, and (4) are more likely to serve an institutional clientele.
Simple Forecasts and Paradigm Shifts
Authors: HONG HARRISON , STEIN JEREMY C. , YU JIALIN 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTWe study the asset pricing implications of learning in an environment in which the true model of the world is a multivariate one, but agents update only over the class of simple univariate models. Thus, if a particular simple model does a poor job of forecasting over a period of time, it is discarded in favor of an alternative simple model. The theory yields a number of distinctive predictions for stock returns, generating forecastable variation in the magnitude of the value‐glamour return differential, in volatility, and in the skewness of returns. We validate several of these predictions empirically.
Corporate Bond Market Transaction Costs and Transparency
Authors: EDWARDS AMY K. , HARRIS LAWRENCE E. , PIWOWAR MICHAEL S. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTUsing a complete record of U.S. over‐the‐counter (OTC) secondary trades in corporate bonds, we estimate average transaction costs as a function of trade size for each bond that traded more than nine times between January 2003 and January 2005. We find that transaction costs decrease significantly with trade size. Highly rated bonds, recently issued bonds, and bonds close to maturity have lower transaction costs than do other bonds. Costs are lower for bonds with transparent trade prices, and they drop when the TRACE system starts to publicly disseminate their prices. The results suggest that public traders benefit significantly from price transparency.
Model Specification and Risk Premia: Evidence from Futures Options
Authors: BROADIE MARK , CHERNOV MIKHAIL , JOHANNES MICHAEL 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines model specification issues and estimates diffusive and jump risk premia using S&P futures option prices from 1987 to 2003. We first develop a time series test to detect the presence of jumps in volatility, and find strong evidence in support of their presence. Next, using the cross section of option prices, we find strong evidence for jumps in prices and modest evidence for jumps in volatility based on model fit. The evidence points toward economically and statistically significant jump risk premia, which are important for understanding option returns.
Stochastic Volatilities and Correlations of Bond Yields
Authors: HAN BING 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTI develop an interest rate model with separate factors driving innovations in bond yields and their covariances. It features a flexible and tractable affine structure for bond covariances. Maximum likelihood estimation of the model with panel data on swaptions and discount bonds implies pricing errors for swaptions that are almost always lower than half of the bid–ask spread. Furthermore, market prices of interest rate caps do not deviate significantly from their no‐arbitrage values implied by the swaptions under the model. These findings support the conjectures of Collin‐Dufresne and Goldstein (2003), Dai and Singleton (2003), and Jagnnathan, Kaplin, and Sun (2003).
Does natural deposition of pine pollen affect the ovipositional behavior of Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella fusca?
Authors: Riley David G. , Chitturi Anitha , Sparks Alton N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTree pollen, especially Pinus spp. (Pinaceae), is shed in large quantities every spring in North America. Pine pollen deposition onto leaves was found to significantly influence the ovipositional behaviors of certain thrips species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in peanut and tomato leaf choice and no‐choice tests. Pine pollen (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) increased the oviposition rate 2.9‐fold for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (western flower thrips) and 1.6‐fold for Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (tobacco thrips) in choice tests averaged over both plant species. These results support the idea that pollen has a greater impact on F. occidentalis behavior than on F. fusca behavior. The most dramatic increase was in peanut, where F. occidentalis only oviposited on leaves dusted with pollen, suggesting that the addition of pollen stimulated this flower thrips to lay eggs on a poor host‐plant part. The impact of pollen on the rate of oviposition by thrips is important because it is the early‐instar nymphs that acquire tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which these two thrips species vector. In a laboratory bioassay, the addition of pine pollen to TSWV‐infected peanut foliage increased the percentage of infected F. fusca after one generation.
Novel intraoral phenotypes in hyperimmunoglobulin‐E syndrome
Authors: Domingo DL , Freeman AF , Davis J , Puck JM , Tianxia W , Holland SM , Hart TC 
Published: May 2007

Aim:  Hyperimmunoglobulin‐E syndrome (HIES) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by eczema, recurrent skin and lung infections with pneumatocoele formation, and extremely elevated serum immunoglobulin‐E. The precise immunologic defect and genetic etiology remain unknown. Non‐immunologic findings include characteristic facial features (prominent forehead, fleshy nasal tip, and increased interalar distance); skeletal involvement (pathological fractures, scoliosis, and craniosynostosis); and retention of primary teeth. This study aims to characterize intraoral soft tissue findings in HIES patients.Methods:  Sixty HIES patients (4–54 years, 27 males, 33 females) received intraoral and radiographic evaluations. Chronological dental development was also assessed.Results:  Lesions of the hard palate and dorsal tongue were found in 55% and 60% of patients, respectively. Palatal lesions ranged from a generalized surface keratosis to a midline sagittal fibrotic bridge. Tongue lesions consisted of multiple fissures and a midline cleft. On the lip and buccal mucosa, keratotic plaques and/or surface fissures were found in 8% and 23% of patients, respectively. Manifested in 76.7% of patients, the intraoral lesions were significantly more prevalent than the characteristic facial traits (P = 0.0013).Conclusions:  Alterations in oral mucosa and gingiva were present in the majority of HIES patients. These novel intraoral findings may facilitate the diagnosis of HIES.
Cross‐Channel Connections: Early Modern English Noblewomen's Familiarity with Continental Women's Literary and Performance Practices
Authors: Campbell Julie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this article, I consider studies that allude to or explore connections between learned, English noblewomen and Continental women during the mid‐sixteenth to mid‐seventeenth centuries. With the recovery of many women's works from this period, scholars have long recognized that fascinating parallels existed between the cultural milieux of learned English and Continental women. Beyond simply recognizing parallels, scholars are now interested in exploring the points of contact and sources of influence between these milieux. They find that English noblewomen's familiarity with Continental women, both of noble and lower classes, was facilitated in large part by the journeys of learned travelers, Continental players, dance masters, and musicians. In particular, I focus on works that illustrate ways in which tutors, ambassadors, scholars, and courtiers assisted in the spread of knowledge about learned English and Continental women, as well as how elements of dramatic entertainments featuring women, both for the court and the public stage, crossed national borders. Key questions in the study of early modern English women that interest scholars are, how much did English women know about their Continental counterparts, and what were their frames of reference? This article surveys scholarship that addresses these questions.
A survey of the frequency and impact of Behaviours of Concern in dementia on residential aged care staff
Authors: Cubit Katrina , Farrell Gerry , Robinson Andrew , Myhill Marion 
Published: May 2007

Objectives:  To investigate staff perceptions of the frequency of Behaviours of Concern (BoC) exhibited by residents with dementia; to rank order the BoC causing most disruption to the everyday running of facilities, and the most personal distress to staff. Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2005, across staff in 15 residential aged care facilities in Tasmania, using a self‐administered questionnaire. Results:  Over 80% of staff reported residents’ repetitive actions, wandering and verbal disruption as occurring more than once a day BoC. The three highest ranked BoC reported as being the most disruptive to the running of the unit were verbal disruption, wandering and repetitive actions. Residents’ physical aggression, verbal disruptions and wandering were ranked 1, 2 and 3, respectively, as causing staff the most personal distress. Conclusions:  Although occurring infrequently physical aggression is the BoC perceived by staff to cause them the greatest amount of personal distress.
The demographics of loneliness among older people in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Steed Lyndall , Boldy Duncan , Grenade Linda , Iredell Helena 
Published: May 2007

Objectives:  To determine the prevalence and demographic correlates of loneliness in a sample of older people in Perth, Western Australia. Methods:  People aged 65 years and over living in private dwellings were recruited randomly, stratified by socioeconomic area, sex and 5‐year age groups to 85 years. A total of 353 people with mean age of 77.5 years responded to a mailed questionnaire comprising demographic questions and three measures of loneliness. Results:  Severe loneliness was reported by 7.0% of the sample and feeling lonely sometimes by 31.5%. Higher levels of loneliness were reported by single participants, those who lived alone and those with worse self‐rated health. The protective value against loneliness of social networks appears to be, in order of importance: friends, relatives, neighbours and children. Conclusions:  Although loneliness is not universally reported by older Perth residents, its prevalence is still considerable and worthy of attention from mental health practitioners and policy‐makers.
Ways of Belonging: Reconciliation and Adelaide's Public Space Indigenous Cultural Markers
Authors: MALONE GAVIN 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAs an arguably ‘post colonial’ society, Australia is evolving its particular identity and sense of self, but reconciliation with its Indigenous peoples remains a significant political and cultural issue. Social inclusion or marginalisation is reflected in the construct of the civic landscape and this paper traces and contextualises public space Indigenous representation or ‘cultural markers’, since the 1960s in Adelaide, South Australia, the Kaurna people's land. This paper identifies social phases and time periods in the evolution of the ways in which Indigenous people and their culture have been included in the city's public space. Inclusion of Indigenous peoples in civic landscapes contributes not only to their spiritual and cultural renewal and contemporary identity, but also to the whole community's sense of self and to the process of reconciliation. This has the potential to provide a gateway to a different way of understanding place which includes an Indigenous perspective and could, symbolically, contribute to the decolonisation of Indigenous people. An inter‐related issue for the colonising culture is reconciliation with the Indigenous nature of the land, in the sense of an intimate sense of belonging and connectedness of spirit through an understanding of Indigenous cultural landscapes, an issue which this paper explores. The paper also sets out suggestions for the facilitation of further Indigenous inclusion and of re‐imagining ways of representation.