bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of association between chondrocalcinosis and increased risk of cartilage loss in knees with osteoarthritis: Results of two prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Neogi T. , Nevitt M. , Niu J. , LaValley M. P. , Hunter D. J. , Terkeltaub R. , Carbone L. , Chen H. , Harris T. , Kwoh K. , Guermazi A. , Felson D. T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between chondrocalcinosis and the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) using longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments.MethodsLongitudinal knee MRIs were obtained in the Boston OA Knee Study (BOKS) and in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Chondrocalcinosis was determined as present or absent on baseline knee radiographs. Cartilage morphology was graded on paired longitudinal MRIs using the Whole‐Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score in 5 cartilage subregions of each of the medial and lateral tibiofemoral joints. Cartilage loss in a subregion was defined as an increase in the cartilage score of ≥1 (0–4 scale). The risk for change in the number of subregions with cartilage loss was assessed using Poisson regression, with generalized estimating equations to account for correlations. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, baseline cartilage score, and presence of damaged menisci.ResultsIn BOKS, 23 of the 265 included knees (9%) had chondrocalcinosis. In Health ABC, 373 knees were included, of which 69 knees (18.5%) had chondrocalcinosis. In BOKS, knees with chondrocalcinosis had a lower risk of cartilage loss compared with knees without chondrocalcinosis (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 0.4, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.2–0.7) (P = 0.002), and there was no difference in risk in Health ABC (adjusted RR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6–1.5) (P = 0.7). Stratification by intact versus damaged menisci produced similar results within each cohort.ConclusionIn knees with OA, the presence of chondrocalcinosis was not associated with increased cartilage loss. These findings do not support the hypothesis that chondrocalcinosis worsens OA progression.
E‐mail interviewing in qualitative research: A methodological discussion
Authors: Meho Lokman I. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis article summarizes findings from studies that employed electronic mail (e‐mail) for conducting in‐depth interviewing. It discusses the benefits of, and the challenges associated with, using e‐mail interviewing in qualitative research. The article concludes that while a mixed mode interviewing strategy should be considered when possible, e‐mail interviewing can be in many cases a viable alternative to face‐to‐face and telephone interviewing. A list of recommendations for carrying out effective e‐mail interviews is presented.
Evaluation of the effects of various culture conditions on Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 in a novel high‐throughput mini‐bioreactor
Authors: Tang Yinjie J. , Laidlaw David , Gani Kishen , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe growth and Cr(VI) reduction by Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 was examined using a mini‐bioreactor system that independently monitors and controls pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature for each of its 24, 10‐mL reactors. Independent monitoring and control of each reactor in the cassette allows the exploration of a matrix of environmental conditions known to influence S. oneidensis chromium reduction. S. oneidensis MR‐1 grew in minimal medium without amino acid or vitamin supplementation under aerobic conditions but required serine and glycine supplementation under anaerobic conditions. Growth was inhibited by DO concentrations >80%. Lactate transformation to acetate was enhanced by low concentration of DO during the logarithmic growth phase. Between 11 and 35°C, the growth rate obeyed the Arrhenius reaction rate‐temperature relationship, with a maximum growth rate occurring at 35°C. S. oneidensis MR‐1 was able to grow over a wide range of pH (6–9). At neutral pH and temperatures ranging from 30 to 35°C, S. oneidensis MR‐1 reduced 100 µM Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 20 min in the exponential growth phase, and the growth rate was not affected by the addition of chromate; it reduced chromate even faster at temperatures between 35 and 39°C. At low temperatures (<25°C), acidic (pH < 6.5), or alkaline (pH > 8.5) conditions, 100 µM Cr(VI) strongly inhibited growth and chromate reduction. The mini‐bioreactor system enabled the rapid determination of these parameters reproducibly and easily by performing very few experiments. Besides its use for examining parameters of interest to environmental remediation, the device will also allow one to quickly assess parameters for optimal production of recombinant proteins or secondary metabolites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aspen SP1, an exceptional thermal, protease and detergent‐resistant self‐assembled nano‐particle
Authors: Wang Wang‐Xia , Dgany Or , Wolf Sharon Grayer , Levy Ilan , Algom Rachel , Pouny Yehonathan , Wolf Amnon , Marton Ira , Altman Arie , Shoseyov Oded 
Published: May 2006

AbstractStable protein 1 (SP1) is a homo‐oligomeric protein isolated from aspen (Populus tremula aspen) plants which forms a ring‐shape dodecameric particle with a central cavity. The oligomeric form of SP1 is an exceptionally stable structure that is resistant to proteases (e.g., trypsin, V8, and proteinase K), high temperatures, organic solvents, and high levels of ionic detergent. Analytical ultra‐centrifugation, chemical cross‐linking, matrix‐assisted laser‐desorption time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS), and transmission electron microscopy were used to further characterize the SP1 dodecamer. Introduction of a single cysteine at the N‐terminus of SP1 enabled the formation of disulfide bridges within the SP1 dodecamer, concurrent with increased melting point. A six‐histidine tag was introduced at the N‐terminus of SP1 to generate 6HSP1, and the ΔNSP1 mutant was generated by a deletion of amino acids 2–6 at the N‐terminus. Both 6HSP1 and ΔNSP1 maintained their ability to assemble a stable dodecamer. Remarkably, these SP1 homo‐dodecamers were able to re‐assemble into stable hetero‐dodecamers following co‐electro‐elution from SDS–PAGE. The exceptional stability of the SP1‐nano ring and its ability to self‐assemble hetero‐complexes paves the way to further research in utilizing this unique protein in nano‐biotechnology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conjugated Polyelectrolytes—Conformation‐Sensitive Optical Probes for Staining and Characterization of Amyloid Deposits
Authors: Nilsson K. Peter R. , Hammarström Per , Ahlgren Fredrik , Herland Anna , Schnell Edrun A. , Lindgren Mikael , Westermark Gunilla T. , Inganäs Olle 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSpecific markers for diseases associated with protein aggregate depositions are of great interest. Here we report the use of conjugated polyelectrolytes as conformation‐sensitive optical probes for histological labeling of amyloid deposits in ex vivo tissue samples—amyloid light chains in primary systemic amyloidosis, islet amyloid polypeptide in human pancreas, and Aβ amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. Under suitable conditions, these probes bind specifically to amyloid deposits, and this is seen as an orange‐red emission from the polyelectrolyte. Furthermore, the probes emit light of different colors when bound to different amyloid deposits or other intracellular structures. This phenomenon is most probably due to differences in the protein conformation in these structures. Hence, different protein conformations will generate geometric alterations of the bound polyelectrolyte backbone, affording different emissions from the bound probe. Conformation‐sensitive probes thus provide a direct link between spectral signal and protein conformation. Finally, the probes also proved useful for ex vivo fluorescence imaging by multiphoton excitation.
Hypnosis with a blind 55‐year‐old female with dental phobia requiring periodontal treatment and extraction
Authors: Gow Michael A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPresenting problem: Jo is a 55‐year‐old female who has a phobia of dental treatment. She has been completely blind since birth and requires periodontal treatment and subsequent extraction.Aim: Treat Jo's periodontal condition and decrease her phobia and fear of treatment by using hypnosis as an adjunct to basic anxiety management techniques.Methods: In surgery, medical, dental and phobia history explored. Pre‐treatment questionnaires assessed dental anxiety, reasons for anxiety, and ascertained management options. Post‐treatment questionnaires assessed changes in dental anxiety and attitudes. Anxiety management techniques included Tell/Show/Do and hypnosis.Results: Pre‐treatment questionnaire revealed high level anxiety and anticipation of pain during future dental treatment. Following hypnotic intervention facilitating periodontal intervention and subsequent extraction, repeated questionnaires revealed significant reduction in anxiety and anticipation of pain.Conclusion: Hypnosis seems to have been successful as an adjunct in achieving the initial aim. Copyright © 2006 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of and Effect of Coadsorption on Water Dissociation on an Oxygen Vacancy of the MgO(100) Surface
Authors: Wang Yan , Nguyen Hung N. , Truong Thanh N. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe dissociation mechanism of a water molecule at an oxygen vacancy on the MgO(100) surface was studied by using the embedded cluster method at the DFT/B3 LYP level, while the energetic information was refined by using the IMOMO method at the CCSD level. We found that a water molecule initially adsorbs on one of the magnesium ions surrounding the vacancy site with a binding energy of 15.98 kcal mol−1. It then can dissociate on the MgO(100) surface along two possible dissociation pathways. One pathway produces a hydroxyl group bonded to the original magnesium with a proton filling the vacancy via a transition state with a barrier of 4.67 kcal mol−1 relative to the adsorbed water configuration. The other pathway yields two hydroxy groups; the hydroxy group originally belonging to the water molecule fills the vacancy, while the hydrogen atom binds with the surface oxygen to form the other hydroxy group. Hydrogen atoms of these hydroxy groups can recombine to form a hydrogen molecule and the surface is healed. Although the barrier (14.09 kcal mol−1) of the rate‐controlling step of the latter pathway is higher than that of the former one, the energies of all of its stationary points are lower than that of the separated reactants (H2O+cluster). The effects of water coadsorption are modeled by placing an additional water molecule near the active center, which suggests that the more coadsorbed water molecules further stabilize the hydroxy species and prevent the hydrogen molecule formation through the latter pathway. The results support the photoemission spectral evidence of water dissociation on the defective MgO(100) surface at low water coverage.
Synthetic aperture radar applying PN sequences
Authors: Furuno Takayoshi , Ikuno Hiroyoshi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn order to perform recognition of a moving target with a satellite‐borne synthetic aperture radar, the use of a PN (Pseudorandom Noise) sequence is proposed. By employing two different PN sequences alternately, in‐pulse modulation is performed. The pulse wave transmitted from a satellite with a specified PRF (Pulse Reception Frequency) is used for illumination of several targets and the received backscattered wave signal is demodulated with the same PN sequences as those for the transmitted pulse wave. The demodulated signal components have substantial correlation with the signal components from the target, so that pseudosignals leaking from adjacent pulses and moving clutter can be suppressed sufficiently. The signal components demodulated by the newly proposed PN sequence are aperture‐synthesized in a manner similar to that used in the conventional method. The target is approximated by a point target and the difference between the front and back pulse demodulated signals of the backscatter from the target is subjected to the wavelet transform. In this way, the recognition of stationary and moving targets and identification of the radial speed of moving targets are possible. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(11): 12–23, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20290
Broadband lossy conductor wall processing using lumped constant circuit and recursive formulas on FDTD method
Authors: Takata Masaaki , Iida Yukio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA practical conductor boundary processing method using the surface impedance boundary condition in the FDTD method is presented. In the present method, the surface impedance on the conductor is first replaced by an approximate equation. This approximation can easily suppress the approximation errors in the frequency range of interest in the analysis. Next, by means of inverse Laplace transform, the approximate equation is expressed in the time domain. In this way, the problem can be replaced by the excellent recursive operation previously proposed and a new update equation can be derived. Also, as a confirmation of the validity of the present conductor boundary processing method, an FDTD analysis is carried out for propagation of the TEM wave between the conductors and the results are compared with the theoretical values of the analysis model. As a result, remarkable agreement with the theoretical values is obtained over a broad frequency range. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(6): 8–13, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20172
Glacier development and topographic context
Authors: López‐Moreno J. I. , Nogués‐Bravo D. , Chueca‐Cía J. , Julián‐Andrés A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper analyses the topographic context of the remaining glaciated areas in the Maladeta Massif (Central Spanish Pyrenees). These ice‐covered surfaces have been incorporated into a geographic information system (GIS) in an attempt at correlating the presence of ice with a range of topographic variables obtained from a digital elevation model. The use of generalized additive models and binary regression tree models enabled us (i) to quantify the spatial variability in the distribution of glaciers attributable to characteristics of the local terrain, (ii) to investigate the interaction between the variables that account for the ice cover distribution and (iii) to map the probability of glacier development. Our results show that although the development of glaciers depends on regional climate conditions, the topographic context is of paramount importance in determining the location, extent, shape and recent evolution of each glacial body. Thus, the joint effect of altitude, exposure to incoming solar radiation, slope and mean curvature is able to explain more than 70 per cent of the observed variance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A conceptual model of depositional, rather than erosional, tidal channel development in the rapidly prograding Skagit River Delta (Washington, USA)
Authors: Hood W. Gregory 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe origin and growth of blind tidal channels is generally considered to be an erosional process. This paper describes a contrasting depositional model for blind tidal channel origin and development in the Skagit River delta, Washington, USA. Chronological sequences of historical maps and photos spanning the last century show that as sediments accumulated at the river mouth, vegetation colonization created marsh islands that splintered the river into distributaries. The marsh islands coalesced when intervening distributary channels gradually narrowed and finally closed at the upstream end to form a blind tidal channel, or at mid‐length to form two blind tidal channels. Channel closure was probably often mediated through gradient reduction associated with marsh progradation and channel lengthening, coupled with large woody debris blockages. Blind tidal channel evolution from distributaries was common in the Skagit marshes from 1889 to the present, and it can account for the origin of very small modern blind tidal channels. The smallest observed distributary‐derived modern blind tidal channels have mean widths of 0·3 m, at the resolution limit of the modern orthophotographs. While channel initiation and persistence are similar processes in erosional systems, they are different processes in this depositional model. Once a channel is obstructed and isolated from distributary flow, only tidal flow remains and channel persistence becomes a function of tidal prism and tidal or wind/wave erosion. In rapidly prograding systems like the Skagit, blind tidal channel networks are probably inherited from the antecedent distributary network. Examination of large‐scale channel network geometry of such systems should therefore consider distributaries and blind tidal channels part of a common channel network and not entirely distinct elements of the system. Finally, managers of tidal habitat restoration projects generally assume an erosional model of tidal channel development. However, under circumstances conducive to progradation, depositional channel development may prevail instead. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Causes and underlying processes of measurement variability in field erosion plots in Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Boix‐Fayos C. , Martínez‐Mena M. , Calvo‐Cases A. , Arnau‐Rosalén E. , Albaladejo J. , Castillo V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAn understanding of the sources of variation in the use of erosion plots and of their feasibility to meet the objectives of each specific research project is key to improving future field designs, selecting data for modelling purposes and furthering knowledge of soil erosion processes. Our own field experiences from ongoing research on soil erosion processes since 1989, have allowed us to detect several methodological problems that cause measurement variability. Here several examples are presented concerning: (i) differences in long‐term soil erosion data between open and closed plots; (ii) differences in soil loss derived from replica soil erosion plots; and (iii) differences in soil loss data derived from plots at a range of spatial scales. Closed plots are not the most suitable method for long‐term monitoring of soil erosion rates due to the risk of exhaustion of available material within the plot. The difference in time after which exhaustion occurs depends on the surface soil characteristics, the climatological conditions and the size of the plots. We detected four and seven years as ‘time to exhaustion’. Different results are frequently obtained between pairs of replica plots. Differences up to a factor of nine have been detected in total soil loss between replica plots due to different spatial patterns of surface components. Different constraints appear depending on the spatial scale of measurement of soil loss. We obtained lower runoff percentages at coarser scales; however, larger sediment concentrations are observed at coarser scales (1·32 g l−1, catchment; 0·30 g l−1, 30 m2; 0·17 g l−1, 1 m2 scales). The smaller the plot, the larger the hydrological disconnection within the system, the lower the energy flows due to short distances and the quicker the response to runoff due to an artificial decrease of concentration times for continuous flow. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural systems connecting interoceptive awareness and feelings
Authors: Pollatos Olga , Gramann Klaus , Schandry Rainer 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn many theories of emotions the representations of bodily responses play an important role for subjective feelings. We tested the hypothesis that the perception of bodily states is positively related to the experienced intensity of feelings as well as to the activity of first‐order and second‐order brain structures involved in the processing of feelings. Using a heartbeat perception task, subjects were separated into groups with either high or poor interoceptive awareness. During emotional picture presentation we measured high‐density EEG and used spatiotemporal current density reconstruction to identify regions involved in both interoceptive awareness and emotion processing. We observed a positive relation between interoceptive awareness and the experienced intensity of emotions. Furthermore, the P300 amplitudes to pleasant and unpleasant pictures were enhanced for subjects with high interoceptive awareness. The source reconstruction revealed that interoceptive awareness is related to an enhanced activation in both first‐order structures (insula, somatosensory cortices) and second‐order structures (anterior cingulate, prefrontal cortices). We conclude that the perception of bodily states is a crucial determinant for the processing and the subjective experience of feelings. Hum. Brain Mapping, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for hypopharyngeal/upper esophageal stricture formation after concurrent chemoradiation
Authors: Lee Walter T. , Akst Lee M. , Adelstein David J. , Saxton Jerrod P. , Wood Benjamin G. , Strome Marshall , Butler Robert S. , Esclamado Ramon M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundConcurrent chemoradiation therapy has been demonstrated to be effective as an organ‐sparing treatment for select advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, this treatment modality is not without side effects. One side effect is the formation of upper esophageal strictures. As concurrent chemoradiation treatment is used more frequently, it is important to identify risk factors associated with stricture formation.MethodsA retrospective chart review of all patients who had undergone definitive concurrent chemoradiation treatment between 1989 and 2002 was performed. Exclusion criteria included death within 1 year or persistent/recurrent disease that required surgical salvage at the primary site. The outcome measure was stricture formation as determined by both objective findings (barium swallow or endoscopy) and the need for dilation after treatment.ResultsOf the 222 patients in this cohort, there were enough data for 199 patients to assess for stricture formation. Strictures developed in a total of 41 patients (21%). Significant predictive factors were a twice‐daily (BID) radiation fractionation (p = .007), female sex (p = .015), and a hypopharyngeal primary site (p = .01). Age and tumor extent were not significant factors in stricture formation (p = .15 and p = .23, respectively).ConclusionsSymptomatic strictures occur in 21% of patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiation for HNSCC. Female sex, BID radiation fractionation, and a hypopharyngeal primary site are significant predictive factors for stricture formation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
A systems view of personnel assignment problems
Authors: Holness Karen S. , Drury Colin G. , Batta Rajan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPersonnel assignment problems have traditionally been solved using operations research (OR) methods. The purpose of the research was to demonstrate the value of taking a systems view of personnel assignment beyond the usual OR models. Human factors methodologies and research methods were used to describe and analyze the components of the personnel assignment process at a printing company. These included macroergonomics, human–computer interaction, the skills–rules–knowledge (SRK) framework, hierarchical task analysis, decision ladders, and abstraction decomposition spaces. This approach facilitated assessments for function allocation and work system design, which are argued to be necessary for successful implementations of any solution for personnel assignment problems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 16: 285–307, 2006.