bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OFF midget bipolar cells in the retina of the marmoset,Callithrix jacchus, express AMPA receptors
Authors: Puller Christian , Haverkamp Silke , Grünert Ulrike 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent studies suggested that different types of OFF bipolar cells express specific types of ionotropic (AMPA or kainate) glutamate receptors (GluRs) at their contacts with cone pedicles. However, the question of which GluR type is expressed by which type of OFF bipolar cell in primate retina is still open. In this study, the expression of AMPA and kainate receptor subunits at the dendritic tips of flat (OFF) midget bipolar (FMB) cells was analyzed in the retina of the common marmoset,Callithrix jacchus. We used preembedding electron microscopy and double immunofluorescence with subunit‐specific antibodies. The FMB cells were labeled with antibodies against the carbohydrate epitope CD15. Cone pedicles were identified with peanut agglutinin. Immunoreactivity for the GluR1 subunit and for CD15 is preferentially located at triad‐associated flat contacts. Furthermore, the large majority of GluR1 immunoreactive puncta is localized at the dendritic tips of FMB cells. These results suggest that FMB cells express the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1. In contrast, the kainate receptor subunit GluR5 is not colocalized with the dendritic tips of FMB cells or with the GluR1 subunit. Immunoreactive puncta for the GluR1 subunit are found at all M/L‐cone pedicles but are only rarely associated with S‐cone pedicles. This is consistent with our recent findings in marmoset retina that FMB cells do not contact S‐cone pedicles. The presence of GluR5 clusters at S‐cone pedicles indicates that in primate retinas OFF bipolar cells expressing kainate receptor subunits receive some S‐cone input. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:442–454, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dopamine D4receptor activation decreases the expression of μ‐opioid receptors in the rat striatum
Authors: Gago Belén , Fuxe Kjell , Agnati Luigi , Peñafiel Antonio , De La Calle Adelaida , Rivera Alicia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe dopaminergic and opioid peptide systems interact in many nuclei of the brain. In the striatum, dopamine/opioid peptide interactions modulate locomotor and motivated behaviors as well as reward, motivational, and tolerance processes in opiate dependence. Dopamine D4receptors (D4R) and μ‐opioid receptors (MOR) are highly concentrated in the striosomes (islands) of the striatum, suggesting the existence of receptor–receptor interactions between them. In the present work we studied the role of D4R in modulating MOR expression in the islands by using immunohistochemistry and image analysis. The activation of D4R by the agonist PD168,077 (1 mg/kg) decreased MOR immunoreactivity (IR) in the striosomes 6 hours after drug treatment. MOR IR levels had recovered 12 hours later. Treatment with a D4R antagonist (L745,870, 1mg/kg) blocked downregulation of MOR IR, showing that the D4R agonist effects observed were specific. Furthermore, treatment with the D2/D3receptor agonist quinpirol (1 mg/kg) and D2/D3receptor antagonist raclopride (1 mg/kg) had no effect in MOR IR, suggesting that D4R is the only D2‐like receptor producing an MOR downregulation in the islands. The decreases of MOR IR in the striosomes suggest that D4R activation may reduce MOR signaling. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the islands in the striatum play a critical role in habit acquisition during drug addiction. D4R/MOR interactions could be crucial in such processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:358–366, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specificity and generality of the involvement of catecholaminergic afferents in hypothalamic responses to immune insults
Authors: Schiltz Jennifer C. , Sawchenko Paul E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCatecholamine‐containing projections from the medulla have been implicated in the mediation of activational responses of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) provoked by moderate doses of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1). To test the generality of this mechanism, rats bearing unilateral transections of aminergic projections were challenged with intravenous IL‐1 (2 μg/kg), bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.1, 2.0, or 100 μg/kg), or saline and perfused 3 hours later; their brains were then prepared for quantitative analysis of Fos induction and relative levels of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) mRNA. LPS provoked a robust and dose‐related increase in Fos expression within the PVH on the intact side of the brain at all doses tested; the response to IL‐1 approximated that to the lowest LPS dose. On the lesioned side, Fos induction was significantly reduced at all dosage levels but was eliminated only at the lowest dosage. The percentage reduction was greatest (75%) in IL‐1‐challenged rats and was progressively less in animals treated with increasing LPS doses (67, 59, and 46%, respectively). Specificity of aminergic involvement was tested by using intra‐PVH administration of the axonally transported catecholamine immunotoxin, antiDBH‐saporin. This treatment abolished IL‐1‐induced elevations of Fos‐ir and CRF mRNA in the PVH but left intact comparable responses to restraint stress. These data support a specific involvement of ascending catecholaminergic projections in mediating PVH responses to IL‐1 and LPS. Residual Fos induction seen in lesioned animals in response to higher doses of LPS provides a basis for probing additional circuits that may be recruited in a hierarchical manner in response to more strenuous or complex immune insults. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:455–467, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of SDF‐1α and SDF‐1γ mRNAs, migration pathways, and phenotypes of CXCR4‐expressing neurons in the developing rat telencephalon
Authors: Stumm Ralf , Kolodziej Angela , Schulz Stefan , Kohtz Jhumku D. , Höllt Volker 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCortical GABAergic neurons originate in the ventral telencephalon, invade the cortex via tangential migration, and integrate into the cortical plate by surface‐directed and ventricle‐directed migration. In mice lacking CXCR4 or SDF‐1, GABAergic neurons fail to complete their migration. It is presently unknown which parts of the migration of CXCR4‐expressing GABAergic neurons are driven by SDF‐1. Here we compared patterns of SDF‐1 isoforms and CXCR4 in the developing rat telencephalon. In the ventral telencephalon, radial glia, striatal, and migratory GABAergic neurons expressed CXCR4. Tangentially migrating CXCR4‐expressing neurons populated the marginal zone and started to invade the lateral intermediate zone at embryonic day (E)14. Until E17 the spread of CXCR4‐expressing neurons in the dorsomedial direction was accompanied by progressive upregulation of SDF‐1α in the dorsomedial intermediate/subventricular zone. In the meninges, SDF‐1α and SDF‐1γ were expressed persistently. During invasion of the cortical plate the orientation of CXCR4‐immunoreactive neurons changed gradually from tangential (E17/E18) to radial (postnatal day [P] 0), which was paralleled by downregulation of SDF‐1α in the intermediate/subventricular zone. At E17, CXCR4‐immunoreactive cells were colabeled with markers for ventral forebrain‐derived neurons (Dlx) but not markers for glutamatergic (Tbr) or subplate (calretinin) neurons. Postnatally, calretinin‐ and somatostatin‐expressing but not parvalbumin‐expressing GABAergic neurons or pyramidal cells contained CXCR4. Pyramidal cells and few large blood vessels expressed SDF‐1α, while microvessels contained SDF‐1γ transcripts. In summary, SDF‐1α is expressed along cortical but not subcortical migration routes of GABAergic neurons. We propose that regulated expression of SDF‐1 in the intermediate/subventricular zone influences lateromedial tangential migration of CXCR4‐expressing GABAergic neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:382–399, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical characterization of substance P receptor (NK1R)‐expressing interneurons in the entorhinal cortex
Authors: Wolansky Trish , Pagliardini Silvia , Greer John J. , Dickson Clayton T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt has been reported that application of substance P (SP) to the medial portion of the entorhinal cortex (EC) induces a powerful antiepileptic effect (Maubach et al. [1998] Neuroscience 83:1047–1062). This effect is presumably mediated via inhibitory interneurons expressing the neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R), but the existence of NK1R‐expressing inhibitory interneurons in the EC has not yet been reported. The present immunohistochemical study was performed in the rat to examine the existence and distribution of NK1R‐expressing neurons in the EC as well as any co‐expression of other neurotransmitters/neuromodulators known to be associated with inhibitory interneurons: γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), parvalbumin (PARV), calretinin (CT), calbindin (CB), somatostatin (SST), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Our results indicated that NK1R‐positive neurons were distributed rather sparsely (especially in the medial EC), primarily in layers II, V, and VI. The results of our double‐immunohistochemical staining indicated that the vast majority of NK1R‐expressing neurons also expressed GABA, SST, and NPY. In addition, CT was co‐expressed in a weakly stained subgroup of NK1R‐expressing neurons, and CB was co‐expressed very rarely in the lateral EC, but not in the medial EC. In contrast, SP‐immunopositive axons with fine varicosities were distributed diffusely throughout all layers of the EC, appearing to radiate from the angular bundle. SP may be released in a paracrine manner to activate a group of NK1R‐expressing entorhinal neurons that co‐express GABA, SST, and NPY, exerting a profound inhibitory influence on synchronized network activity in the EC. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:427–441, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Excited‐State Relaxation of Protonated Adenine
Authors: Nolting Dirk , Weinkauf Rainer , Hertel Ingolf V. , Schultz Thomas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe excited state dynamics of protonated adenine in the gas phase were investigated by femtosecond pump–probe transient mass spectroscopy. Adenine was protonated in an electrospray ionization source and transferred to a Paul trap. Two femtosecond laser pulses at 266 nm and 800 nm excited the lowest electronic ππ* state and probed the excited‐state dynamics by monitoring ion fragment formation. The measured excited state decay is monoexponential with a lifetime shorter than 161 fs. This agrees with a theoretical prediction of very fast internal conversion via a conical intersection with the ground state.
In Situ ESR and UV/Vis Spectroelectrochemical Study of Eosin Y Upon Reduction with and without Zn(II) Ions
Authors: Goux A. , Pauporté T. , Lincot D. , Dunsch L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe electroreduction of eosin Y on a platinum electrode in deaerated slightly acidic aqueous 0.1 mol L−1 potassium chloride medium is followed in situ by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical formation of a semiquinone radical is proved by both the appearance of an absorbing band at 408 nm, and a strong ESR signal observed during a negative‐going scan. The system is also studied in the presence of ZnII ions due to its importance for understanding the growth mechanism of nanostructured ZnO/Eosin Y hybrid films by electrodeposition; under such conditions the ESR and UV/Vis response of the semiquinone radical is not observed. Zinc (II) ions form a complex with the dye, which is reduced by a fast two‐electron process.
Ascidian embryonic development: An emerging model system for the study of cell fate specification in chordates
Authors: Kumano Gaku , Nishida Hiroki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe ascidian tadpole larva represents the basic body plan of all chordates in a relatively small number of cells and tissue types. Although it had been considered that ascidians develop largely in a determinative way, whereas vertebrates develop in an inductive way, recent studies at the molecular and cellular levels have uncovered several similarities in the way developmental fates are specified. In this review, we describe ascidian embryogenesis and its cell lineages, introduce several characteristics of ascidian embryos, describe recent advances in understanding of the mechanisms of cell fate specification, and discuss them in the context of what is known in vertebrates and other organisms. Developmental Dynamics 236:1748–1757, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nestin expression in pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells of mice lacking glucagon signaling
Authors: Kedees Mamdouh H. , Guz Yelena , Vuguin Patricia M. , Vargas Carlos , Cui Lingguang , Steiner Donald F. , Charron Maureen J. , Teitelman Gladys 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNestin, a marker of neural stem cells, is also expressed by cells located in the epithelium of the pancreatic primordium and by a subpopulation of exocrine cells but not by endocrine cells. These findings raised the possibility that the pancreatic epithelium is heterogeneous and comprised of subpopulations of exocrine/nestin‐positive and endocrine/nestin‐negative precursor cells. We examined this issue in two mutant mouse models characterized by protracted expression of several embryonal properties in islet cells. One mutant line comprises mice lacking mature glucagon due to abrogation of proprotein convertase‐2 (PC2−/−), responsible for the conversion of proglucagon into glucagon, while the second line consists of mice with a global deletion of the glucagon receptor (Gcgr−/−). We demonstrate that nestin is transiently expressed by acinar cells and by insulin and glucagon cells of islets of both lines of mice. In addition, the lack of glucagon signaling increased nestin mRNA levels in pancreas of mutant embryos and adult mice. We conclude that nestin+ cells located in the pancreatic primordium generate the cells of the endocrine and exocrine lineages. Furthermore, our results suggest that nestin expression is regulated by glucagon signaling. Developmental Dynamics 236:1126–1133, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myocardium defects and ventricular hypoplasia in mice homozygous null for the Forkhead Box m1 transcription factor
Authors: Ramakrishna Sneha , Kim Il‐Man , Petrovic Vladimir , Malin Dmitriy , Wang I‐Ching , Kalin Tanya V. , Meliton Lucille , Zhao You‐Yang , Ackerson Timothy , Qin Yimin , Malik Asrar B. , Costa Robert H. , Kalinichenko Vladimir V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Forkhead Box m1 (Foxm1) transcription factor is expressed in cardiomyocytes and cardiac endothelial cells during heart development. In this study, we used a novel Foxm1 −/− mouse line to demonstrate that Foxm1‐deletion causes ventricular hypoplasia and diminished DNA replication and mitosis in developing cardiomyocytes. Proliferation defects in Foxm1 −/− hearts were associated with a reduced expression of Cdk1‐activator Cdc25B phosphatase and NFATc3 transcription factor, and with abnormal nuclear accumulation of the Cdk‐inhibitor p21Cip1 protein. Depletion of Foxm1 levels by siRNA caused altered expression of these genes in cultured HL‐1 cardiomyocytes. Endothelial‐specific deletion of the Foxm1 fl/fl allele in Tie2‐Cre Foxm1 fl/fl embryos did not influence heart development and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Foxm1 protein binds to the −9,259/−9,288‐bp region of the endogenous mouse NFATc3 promoter, indicating that Foxm1 is a transcriptional activator of the NFATc3 gene. Foxm1 regulates expression of genes essential for the proliferation of cardiomyocytes during heart development. Developmental Dynamics 236:1000–1013, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oscillator mechanism of notch pathway in the segmentation clock
Authors: Kageyama Ryoichiro , Masamizu Yoshito , Niwa Yasutaka 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSomites are formed by periodic segmentation of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). This periodic event is controlled by the segmentation clock, where Notch signaling plays an essential role. The basic helix–loop–helix factor Hes7, a Notch effector, is cyclically expressed by negative feedback and regulates cyclic expression of Lunatic fringe (Lfng), a Notch modulator. Lfng then seems to periodically inhibit Notch, leading to oscillation in Notch activity. It is thought that these coupled negative feedback loops by Hes7 and Lfng are important for sustained and synchronized oscillations in the PSM. Of interest, another Notch effector, Hes1, is cyclically expressed by many cell types such as neuroblasts, suggesting that this clock is widely distributed and regulates many biological events. This review summarizes the recent finding about roles and mechanism of Notch signaling in the segmentation clock and discusses the significance of Hes1 oscillation in non‐PSM cells. Developmental Dynamics 236:1403–1409, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diversified expression patterns ofautotaxin, a gene for phospholipid‐generating enzyme during mouse and chicken development
Authors: Ohuchi Hideyo , Hayashibaral Yasunori , Matsuda Hironao , Onoi Motoyoshi , Mitsumori Masayuki , Tanaka Masayuki , Aoki Junken , Arai Hiroyuki , Noji Sumihare 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAutotaxin (ATX), or nucleotide pyrophosphatase‐phosphodiesterase 2, is a secreted lysophospholipase D that generates bioactive phospholipids that act on G protein–coupled receptors. Here we show the expression patterns of theATXgene in mouse and chicken embryos.ATXhas a dynamic spatial and temporal expression pattern in both species and the expression domains during neural development are quite distinct from each other. MurineATX(mATX) is expressed immediately rostral to the midbrain‐hindbrain boundary, whereas chickenATX(cATX) is expressed in the diencephalon and later in the parencephalon‐synencephalon boundary. In the neural tube,cATXis expressed in the alar plate in contrast tomATXin the floor plate.ATXis also expressed in the hindbrain and various organ primordia such as face anlagen and skin appendages of the mouse and chicken. These results suggest conserved and non‐conserved roles for ATX during neural development and organogenesis in these species. Developmental Dynamics 236:1134–1143, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperoxia inhibits several critical aspects of vascular development
Authors: Uno Koichi , Merges Carol A. , Grebe Rhonda , Lutty Gerard A. , Prow Tarl W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNormal human retinal vascular development uses angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, both of which are interrupted in the vaso‐obliteration phase of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Canine oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) closely resembles human ROP. Canine retinal endothelial cells (ECs) and angioblasts were used to model OIR and characterize the effects of hyperoxia on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Cell cycle analysis showed that hyperoxia reduced the number of G1 phase cells and showed increased arrest in S phase for both cell types. Migration of ECs was significantly inhibited in hyperoxia (P < 0.01). Hyperoxia disrupted the cytoskeleton of angioblasts but not ECs after 2 days. Differentiation of angioblasts into ECs (determined by acetylated low‐density lipoprotein uptake) was evaluated after basic fibroblast growth factor treatment. Differentiation of angioblasts into pericytes was determined by smooth muscle actin expression after treatment with platelet‐derived growth factor. Differentiation into ECs was significantly inhibited by hyperoxia (P < 0.0001). The percentage of CXCR4+ cells (a marker for retinal vascular precursors) increased in both treatment groups after hyperoxia. These data show novel mechanisms of hyperoxia‐induced disruption of vascular development. Developmental Dynamics 236:981–990, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of galectin‐1 results in defects in myoblast fusion and muscle regeneration
Authors: Georgiadis Vasilios , Stewart Helen J.S. , Pollard Hilary J. , Tavsanoglu Yasemin , Prasad Rathi , Horwood Julia , Deltour Louise , Goldring Kirstin , Poirier Francoise , Lawrence‐Watt Diana J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGalectin‐1 has been implicated in the development of skeletal muscle, being maximally expressed at the time of myofiber formation. Furthermore, in the presence of exogenous galectin‐1, mononuclear myoblasts show increased fusion in vitro. In the current study, we have used the galectin‐1 null mouse to elucidate the role of galectin‐1 in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. Myoblasts derived from the galectin‐1 mutant showed a reduced ability to fuse in vitro. In galectin‐1 null mutants, there was evidence of a delay in muscle fiber development at the neonatal stage and muscle fiber diameter was reduced when compared with wild‐type at the adult stage. Muscle regeneration was also compromised in the galectin‐1 mutant with the process being delayed and a reduced fiber size being maintained. These results, therefore, show a definitive role for galectin‐1 in fusion of myoblasts both in vitro, in vivo, and in regeneration after recovery from induced injury. Developmental Dynamics 236:1014–1024, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid accumulation of nucleostemin in nucleolus during newt regeneration
Authors: Maki Nobuyasu , Takechi Katsuaki , Sano Shozo , Tarui Hiroshi , Sasai Yoshiki , Agata Kiyokazu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNucleolar accumulation of nucleostemin in pigmented epithelial cells at the early stage of lens regeneration. In newt regeneration, differentiated cells can revert to stem cell‐like cells in which the proliferative ability and multipotentiality are restored after dedifferentiation. Nucleostemin has been identified in mammals as a nucleolar protein specific to stem cells and cancer cells (Tsai and McKay, 2002). In cover figure, it is shown that nucleostemin (magenta) is rapidly emerged and accumulated in the nucleoli of dedifferentiating pigmented epithelial cells in both dorsal (upper) and ventral iris (lower). From left to right, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after lentectomy. See Maki et al., Developmental Dynamics 236:941–950
Frying performance of a sunflower/palm oil blend in comparison with pure palm oil
Authors: De Marco Elena , Savarese Maria , Parisini Cristina , Battimo Ilaria , Falco Salvatore , Sacchi Raffaele 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the performance of a vegetable oil blend formulated as alternative to pure palm oil as frying medium. For this purpose, the evolution of many analytical parameters (free acidity, spectrophotometric indices, total polar components, fatty acid composition, short‐chain fatty acids, tocopherol and tocotrienol content and composition, color, flavor evaluated by means of an electronic nose) of the selected blend (sunflower/palm oil 65 : 35 vol/vol) has been monitored during a prolonged frying process (8 h discontinuous frying without oil replenishment) in comparison to pure palm oil. Sensory attributes of the fried food were also evaluated. The blend proved to keep qualitative parameters comparable to those shown by palm oil during the prolonged frying process. Even if some oxidation indices, such as spectrophotometric indices, short‐chain fatty acids and total polar components, increased faster in the blend, it showed a higher tocopherol content and a lower increment in free fatty acids as compared to pure palm oil. Chips fried in the two oils did not show significantly different sensory profiles.