bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of cholesterol‐reduced Camembert cheese made by crosslinked β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: KIM SOO‐YUN , BAE HYUN‐YOUNG , KIM HYE‐YOUNG , AHN JOUNGJWA , KWAK HAE‐SOO 
Published: September 2008

The present study was designed to examine the physicochemical and sensory properties in cholesterol‐reduced Camembert cheese made by crosslinked β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). The composition of cholesterol‐reduced Camembert cheese was similar to the control and the cholesterol reduction reached 90.6%. No difference was found in the total amount of short‐chain free fatty acids between the cholesterol‐reduced cheese and the control at every ripening period. The release of butyric and capric acid mostly contributed to the increase of total amount of short‐chain free fatty acids in both groups. The cholesterol‐reduced cheese produced similar amounts of individual free amino acids to the control in all periods. The scores of all rheological characteristics except for springiness were continuously increased up to 2 weeks’ ripening and decreased thereafter. Mouldy characteristics in both appearance and flavour were increased dramatically through the ripening period in both cholesterol‐reduced and the control cheeses. Based on these results, no significant difference was found in most physicochemical and sensory properties between cholesterol‐reduced Camembert cheese and the control. Therefore, we may find it possible to develop cholesterol‐reduced Camembert cheese using crosslinked β‐cyclodextrin.
Hematopoietic Capacity and Exceptional Survival: The Leiden Longevity Study
Authors: Willems Jorien M. , Trompet Stella , Eline Slagboom P. , De Craen Anton J.M. , Westendorp Rudi G.J. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether familial longevity can be attributed to sustained hematopoietic capacity.DESIGN: Prospective follow‐up study of two independent population‐based cohorts.SETTING: The Leiden Longevity Study and the Leiden 85‐plus Study.PARTICIPANTS: From the Leiden Longevity Study, 1,001 nonagenarians with familial longevity were included. As age‐matched controls, 260 nonagenarians without familial longevity were used from the Leiden 85‐plus Study.MEASUREMENTS: Hemoglobin, leukocytes, and thrombocytes were measured for all subjects with and without familial longevity. Standardized mortality ratios, linear regression, and left‐censored Cox regression were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: Mortality in nonagenarians with familial longevity was 28% lower than in nonagenarians from the general population (standardized mortality ratio=0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.65–0.79, P<.001). No differences were found between hemoglobin, leukocyte, and thrombocyte count in nonagenarians with and without familial longevity (all P>.30). Nonagenarians with familial longevity had greater mortality risk when anemia was present (sex‐adjusted hazard ratio=1.71, 95% CI 1.41–2.07, P<.001). No relationship was found between leukocytes, thrombocytes, and mortality in either study group (all P>.20).CONCLUSION: Hematopoietic capacity cannot explain the significantly better survival of nonagenarians with familial longevity, but in those with familial longevity, anemia may contribute to mortality.
An In Vitro Evaluation of Fit of Zirconium‐Oxide‐Based Ceramic Four‐Unit Fixed Partial Dentures, Generated with Three Different CAD/CAM Systems, before and after Porcelain Firing Cycles and after Glaze Cycles
Authors: Vigolo Paolo , Fonzi Fulvio 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the marginal fit of four‐unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs) produced using three different computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) all‐ceramic systems before and after porcelain firing cycles and after glaze cycles. Materials and Methods: An acrylic resin model of a maxillary arch was fabricated. Teeth #6 and 9 were prepared; teeth #7 and 8 were absent. Forty‐five four‐unit zirconium‐oxide‐based ceramic FPDs were made following conventional impression and master cast techniques: 15 were made with the Everest system, 15 with the Procera system, and 15 with the Lava system. Marginal gaps along vertical planes were measured for each bridge before (Time 0) and after (Time 1) porcelain firing cycles and after glaze cycles (Time 2) using a total of 8 landmarks (4 for tooth #6 and 4 for tooth #9) by means of a microscope at a magnification of ×50. MANOVA was performed to determine whether the 8 landmarks, jointly considered, differed between CAD/CAM systems and time phases. Two‐way ANOVA was performed to investigate in detail, for each landmark, how gap measurements were related to CAD/CAM systems and time phases. Differences were considered to be significant at p < 0.05. Results: The mean values of the Everest system (μm) were: 63.37 (Time 0), 65.34 (Time 1), and 65.49 (Time 2); the mean values of the Lava system (μm) were: 46.30 (Time 0), 46.79 (Time 1), and 47.28 (Time 2); the mean values of the Procera system (μm) were: 61.08 (Time 0), 62.46 (Time 1), and 63.46 (Time 2). MANOVA revealed quantitative differences of the 8 landmarks, jointly considered, between the three CAD/CAM systems (p < 0.0001), but it did not reveal any quantitative differences among the three time phases (p > 0.4). Two‐way ANOVA revealed that the Lava system produced gap measurements statistically smaller than the Everest and Procera systems (p < 0.0001 for each landmark). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the three zirconium‐oxide‐based ceramic CAD/CAM systems demonstrated a comparable and acceptable marginal fit; however, the Lava system produced gap measurements statistically smaller than the Everest and Procera systems. The porcelain firing cycles and the glaze cycles did not affect the marginal fit of the zirconium‐oxide‐based ceramic CAD/CAM systems.
Two‐Dimensional FEA of Dowels of Different Compositions and External Surface Configurations
Authors: Soares Carlos José , Castro Carolina Guimarães , Santos Filho Paulo César Freitas , Soares Paulo Vinícius , Magalhães Denildo , Martins Luis Roberto Marcondes 
Published: September 2008

Abstract Purpose: The degree of stress generated in the endodontically treated and restored tooth can be influenced by the composition and configuration of the dowels used for the restoration. Using two‐dimensional (2D) finite element analysis (FEA), this study tested the hypothesis that the characterization of the stress distribution can be influenced by which evaluation method is employed: protrusion loading and 4‐point flexural strength test or varying the type of material (carbon and glass fiber) or the external configuration of the dowel (smooth and serrated). Materials and Methods: For simulation of the protrusion load test, models were generated with Mechanical‐AutoCAD V6 software from an image of an anatomical plate, one maxillary central incisor, and two dowels and exported to Ansys 9.0. The bone region model was fixed, and a tangential load of 1 N with a 135° inclination to the tooth longitudinal axis was applied at the level of the palatal surface of the crown. In the simulation of a 4‐point flexural strength test, a 1 N perpendicular load was applied in two points to the dowel. The dental materials and structures were considered elastic, isotropic, homogeneous, and linear, with the exception of the dowel, which was assumed to exhibit orthotropic behavior. Mechanical properties were defined based on a review of the literature, and the model was meshed with an eight node tetrahedral element. Results: The stress results from both tests were analyzed according to von Mises criteria and principal stresses (Sx). Data from the 4‐point flexural strength test simulation showed that, for the serrated dowels, a higher stress concentration was found; however, no difference in the occlusal load for material or dowel configuration was found. Conclusions: These results suggest that although the external configuration of the dowel influences direct loading, when the dowel is integrated to the tooth and setting material, the influence on biomechanical behavior disappears.
Influence of prestorage leukoreduction and subsequent irradiation on in vitro red blood cell (RBC) storage variables of RBCs in additive solution saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol
Authors: Zimmermann Robert , Wintzheimer Simone , Weisbach Volker , Strobel Julian , Zingsem Juergen , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: September 2008

BACKGROUND: There exists only very few data on in vitro and in vivo effects of gamma irradiation of red blood cells (RBCs) that have been leukoreduced by filtration before a subsequent irradiation. Reported studies reflect neither the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nor the European recommendations on timing of irradiation and subsequent storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 40 RBC units that were prepared from inline filtered whole blood and 40 RBC units that were filtered after component separation. All RBCs were stored in the additive solution saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol and leukoreduced on the collection day. In both groups, 20 components were irradiated on Day +14 with 30 Gy, and 20 served as nonirradiated controls. In vitro evaluation of both irradiated and nonirradiated RBC units was performed before and after irradiation on Days +1, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, and +42 from the collection day.RESULTS: Gamma irradiation induced enhanced leakage of potassium ions and lactate dehydrogenase and an enhanced in vitro hemolysis rate in the irradiated components. However, in vitro hemolysis rate of both nonirradiated and irradiated components was remarkably lower than 0.8 percent, and the preservation of adenosine triphosphate over 42 days was satisfying.CONCLUSIONS: This study reflects the current FDA and European recommendations on timing of irradiation and subsequent storage. Our findings together with recent results of other investigations on the effect of gamma irradiation on leukoreduced RBCs allow the proposal that a storage time up to 28 days after irradiation is allowable.
Mesenchymal stem cells from the Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord segments provide stromal support for the maintenance of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells during long‐term ex vivo culture
Authors: Bakhshi Tiki , Zabriskie Ryan C. , Bodie Shamanique , Kidd Shannon , Ramin Susan , Paganessi Laura A. , Gregory Stephanie A. , Fung Henry C. , Christopherson Kent W. 
Published: September 2008

BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are routinely obtained from marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are traditionally isolated from marrow. Bone marrow–derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs) have previously demonstrated their ability to act as a feeder layer in support of ex vivo cord blood expansion. However, the use of BM‐MSCs to support the growth, differentiation, and engraftment of cord blood may not be ideal for transplant purposes. Therefore, the potential of MSCs from a novel source, the Wharton's jelly of umbilical cords, to act as stromal support for the long‐term culture of cord blood HSC was evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Umbilical cord–derived MSCs (UC‐MSCs) were cultured from the Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord segments. The UC‐MSCs were then profiled for expression of 12 cell surface receptors and tested for their ability to support cord blood HSCs in a long‐term culture‐initiating cell (LTC‐IC) assay.RESULTS: Upon culture, UC‐MSCs express a defined set of cell surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, and HLA‐A) and lack other markers (CD45, CD34, CD38, CD117, and HLA‐DR) similar to BM‐MSCs. Like BM‐MSCs, UC‐MSCs effectively support the growth of CD34+ cord blood cells in LTC‐IC assays.CONCLUSION: These data suggest the potential therapeutic application of Wharton's jelly–derived UC‐MSCs to provide stromal support structure for the long‐term culture of cord blood HSCs as well as the possibility of cotransplantation of genetically identical, HLA‐matched, or unmatched cord blood HSCs and UC‐MSCs in the setting of HSC transplantation.
The Most Common Site of Success and Its Predictors in Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Slow Atrioventricular Nodal Pathway in Children
Authors: HWANG HAW‐KWEI , WOLFF GRACE S. , SUN FANG‐JU , YOUNG MING‐LON 
Published: September 2008

Background:

Locating ablation targets on the slow pathway in children as one would in adults may not accommodate the dimensional changes of Koch's triangle that occur with heart growth. We investigated the most common site of success and the effect of a variety of variables on the outcome of slow pathway ablation in children.
Methods:

A total of 116 patients (ages 4–16 years) with structurally normal hearts underwent radiofrequency ablation of either the antegrade or the retrograde slow pathway. Ablation sites were divided into eight regions (A1, A2, M1, M2, P1, P2, CS1, and CS2) at the septal tricuspid annulus.
Results:

Ablation was successful in 112 (97%) children. The most common successful ablation sites were at the P1 region. The less the patient weighed, the more posteriorly the successful site was located (P = 0.023, OR 0.970, 95% CI 0.946–0.996), and the more likely the slow pathway was eliminated rather than modified: median weight was 46.7 kg (range, 14.5–94.3 kg) in the eliminated group and 56.5 kg (range, 20–82.6 kg) in the modified group (P = 0.021, OR 1.039, 95% CI 1.006–1.073).
Conclusions:

The most common site of success for slow pathway ablation in children is at the P1 region of the tricuspid annulus. The successful sites in lighter children are more posteriorly located. Weight is also a predictor of whether the slow pathway is eliminated or only modified.
Frederick Johnson's “River Desert Algonquin” Materials at the University of Pennsylvania Museum: A Collection History
Authors: Norcini Marilyn 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper is a collection history of a relatively unknown assemblage of Algonquin ethnographic materials from the “River Desert” community in Maniwaki, Quebec, Canada—a people now known as the Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg. The objects were collected by Frederick Johnson, a student of Frank Speck at the University of Pennsylvania, in 1929. My objective is to analyze the Johnson collection within the historical context of Algonquin research during the early 20th century—a time of intensive ethnological field work with Canadian aboriginal communities, of accumulation and sale of objects to finance fieldwork, and of ambitious acquisitions by museums.
Ayahuasca and Spiritual Crisis: Liminality as Space for Personal Growth
Authors: LEWIS SARA E. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThere is an increased controversy surrounding Westerners' use of ayahuasca. One issue of importance is psychological resiliency of users and lack of screening by ayahuasca tourism groups in the Amazon. Given the powerful effects of ayahuasca coupled with lack of cultural support, Western users are at increased risk for psychological distress. Many Westerners who experience psychological distress following ayahuasca ceremonies report concurrently profound spiritual experiences. Because of this, it may be helpful to consider these episodes “spiritual emergencies,” or crises resulting from intense and transformative spiritual experiences. Although the author warns readers to avoid romantic comparisons of Western ayahuasca users to shamans, ethnographic data on indigenous shamanic initiates along with theory on liminality may be of some use to understand difficult experiences that accompany ayahuasca use. Given that psychotherapy is culturally sanctioned, therapists trained in treating spiritual crises can help Western ayahuasca users make meaning of their distress. Three case studies are offered as examples of individuals working through various sorts of crises following ayahuasca ceremonies.
RNAi‐mediated inhibition of MSP58 decreases tumour growth, migration and invasion in a human glioma cell line
Authors: Lin Wei , Zhang Jing , Zhang Jian , Liu Xinping , Fei Zhou , Li Xia , Davidovic Laetitia , Tang Zhuo , Shen Lan , Deng Yanchun , Yang Angang , Han Hua , Zhang Xiang , Yao Libo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMSP58, a 58‐kD nuclear microspherule protein, is an evolutionarily conserved nuclear protein implicated in the regulation of gene transcription as well as in malignant transformation. An analysis of mRNA expression by real‐time PCR revealed that MSP58 was significantly up‐regulated in 29% of high‐grade glioblastoma tissues as well as in four glioblastoma cell lines. In the present study, we further evaluated the biological functions of MSP58 in U251 glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumour growth in vivo by specific MSP58 knockdown using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). We found that MSP58 depletion inhibited glioma cell growth, primarily by inducing cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis. MSP58 depletion also decreased the invasive capability of glioma cells and anchorage‐independent colony formation in soft agar. Moreover, suppression of MSP58 expression significantly impaired the growth of glioma xenografts in nude mice. Finally, a cell cycle‐associated gene array revealed potential molecular mechanisms contributing to cell cycle arrest in MSP58‐depleted glioma cells. In summary, our data highlight the importance of MSP58 in glioma progression and provided a biological basis for MSP58 as a novel candidate target for treatment of glioma.
La mort dans les Fragments de l’histoire de ma vie du Prince de Ligne
Authors: Pelckmans Paul 
Published: September 2008

Les Fragments de l’histoire de ma vie s’écrivent, plus qu’aucune autre œuvre du Prince de Ligne, au voisinage sinon vraiment constant du moins fort régulier de la mort.Ils ne rejoignent pour autant ni le nouveau pathétique de la mort sentimentale (la mort de toi de Philippe Ariès), ni la critique éclairée des angoisses eschatologiques, que les Philosophes croient volontiers fomentées, à des fins bassement intéressées, par des pastorales indiscrètes.Le Prince se méfie en effet de tout pathétique survolté et se moque volontiers des deuils trop larmoyants qu’il rencontre autour de lui. Les Fragments se montrent au contraire très attentifs à toutes sortes de présages et d’annonces et semblent par moment fort près de « croire aux pressentiments et aux rêves » (p. 188) : la mort, ici, est loin d’être entièrement désenchantée. Elle l’est même si peu que le Prince retourne, pendant ses dernières années, à une religion de type assez traditionnel, conversion dont il sourit parfois tout le premier mais qui comporte aussi ses moments de ferveur.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: A Distinct Cellular Profile Is Seen in the Human Endocervix During Chlamydia trachomatis Infection
Authors: Ficarra Mercedes , Ibana Joyce S. A. , Poretta Constance , Ma Liang , Myers Leann , Taylor Stephanie N. , Greene Sheila , Smith Barbara , Hagensee Michael , Martin David H. , Quayle Alison J. 
Published: September 2008

Problem  The endocervix is a major target of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but little is known about the immune repertoire in this tissue, or its response to these common bacteria.Method of study  Using a cytobrush, we isolated cells from the endocervix of 20 women during C. trachomatis infection, and post‐antibiotic treatment. Endocervical swabs and blood were taken in parallel. Endocervical cells were enumerated, and endocervical and blood T cells immunophenotyped. Chlamydia trachomatis was genotyped by sequence analysis of the OmpA gene, and quantified by culture.Results  Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes were D, E, F and Ia, and infectious burden varied considerably. Endocervical T cell and neutrophil numbers were highly elevated during infection, with both CD4 and CD8 T‐cell subsets accumulating. Regardless of the presence or absence of infection, the endocervical cell infiltrate was dominated by effector memory T cells, and the numbers of CCR5 and CD103 expressing T cells was significantly higher than in the blood. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA‐DR) expression by endocervical T cells was significantly increased during infection.Conclusion  The human endocervix exhibits a distinct cellular response to C. trachomatis infection that can be longitudinally evaluated by cytobrush sampling. Infecting organisms can be sampled and analyzed in parallel.
Later‐onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome due to a heterozygous 24‐polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene
Authors: Repetto Gabriela M , Corrales Raul J , Abara Selim G , Zhou Lili , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth M , Rand Casey M , Weese‐Mayer Debra E 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim: to describe a family with later onset congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (LO‐CCHS) and heterozygosity for a 24‐polyalanine repeat expansion mutation in the PHOX2B gene, rendered phenotypically apparent with exposure to anesthetics.Case summary: An otherwise healthy 2.75‐year‐old boy presented with alveolar hypoventilation after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea, requiring invasive ventilatory support during sleep. He had a heterozygous 24‐polyalanine repeat expansion in the PHOX2B gene (20/24 genotype), a genotype that has not been previously described in association with CCHS or LO‐CCHS symptoms. Clinical findings in members of the family with the same 20/24 genotype ranged from asymptomatic to prolonged sedation after benzodiazepines.Conclusion: CCHS should be suspected in individuals presenting with unexplained hypoventilation and/or seizures after anesthetics or sedatives. This is the first report of LO‐CCHS in a kindred with the PHOX2B 20/24 genotype. The incomplete penetrance observed in this family suggests a gene–environment interaction.
Obesity in girls and penetrative sexual abuse in childhood
Authors: Pinhas‐Hamiel Orit , Modan‐Moses Dalit , Herman‐Raz Meirav , Reichman Brian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim: To assess the relationship between childhood obesity and penetrative sexual abuse in girls.Methods: All obese girls referred to a hospital based pediatric endocrine unit were interviewed by a social worker or psychologist. Questions aimed to elicit any history of physical, emotional and sexual abuse are included. Overweight was defined as BM >95th percentile for age and gender. Body mass index (BMI) Z score (BMIZ) was calculated as measured BMI minus mean BMI for age and gender divided by standard deviation. Penetrative abuse was defined if a history was elicited of forced intercourse with any form of oral, vaginal or anal penetration.Results: A history of penetrative abuse was elicited in 5 out of 145 (3.5%) obese girls, their mean ± SD age was 11.9 ± 3.1 years. Abused girls were significantly more obese than the remainder of the patients (BMIZ 4.76 ± 1.34 vs. 3.39 ± 1.28 p = 0.02). Forty‐two of all girls had BMI Z scores ≥4, and of these four (9.5%) had been abused. All girls had changes in normal daily behaviour including seductive behaviour, seclusion, self‐mutilation and new onset day enuresis.Conclusion: In the evaluation of girls with marked obesity, particularly if associated with behavioural changes and failure to respond to therapy, the possible occurrence of penetrative sexual abuse should be considered.