bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of breast cancer with quantitative mammographic density measures for women receiving contrast-enhanced mammography
Authors: Watt Gordon P , Keshavamurthy Krishna N , Nguyen Tuong L , Lobbes Marc B I , Jochelson Maxine S , Sung Janice S , Moskowitz Chaya S , Patel Prusha , Liang Xiaolin , Woods Meghan , Hopper John L , Pike Malcolm C , Bernstein Jonine L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Women with high mammographic density have an increased risk of breast cancer. They may be offered contrast-enhanced mammography to improve breast cancer screening performance. Using a cohort of women receiving contrast-enhanced mammography, we evaluated whether conventional and modified mammographic density measures were associated with breast cancer. Sixty-six patients with newly diagnosed unilateral breast cancer were frequency matched on the basis of age to 133 cancer-free control individuals. On low-energy craniocaudal contrast-enhanced mammograms (equivalent to standard mammograms), we measured quantitative mammographic density using CUMULUS software at the conventional intensity threshold (“Cumulus”) and higher-than-conventional thresholds (“Altocumulus,” “Cirrocumulus”). The measures were standardized to enable estimation of odds ratio per adjusted standard deviation (OPERA). In multivariable logistic regression of case-control status, only the highest-intensity measure (Cirrocumulus) was statistically significantly associated with breast cancer (OPERA = 1.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.04 to 1.89). Conventional Cumulus did not contribute to model fit. For women receiving contrast-enhanced mammography, Cirrocumulus mammographic density may better predict breast cancer than conventional quantitative mammographic density.
Giant 20 × 35 cm brachial artery pseudoaneurysm after fistulogram treated with surgical resection of pseudoaneurysm and patch angioplasty of brachial artery
Authors: Rahman Naveed A , Wang Alice , Chihade Deena B , Feghali Anthony 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Brachial artery pseudoaneurysms are a rare entity, which can occur secondary to infectious, traumatic, or iatrogenic causes. We present a 78-year-old female with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis via a right brachio-basilic arteriovenous fistula. She had previously undergone numerous fistulograms and endovascular interventions for right upper extremity swelling due to prolonged bleeding following dialysis. After a recent fistulogram she developed recurrent arm swelling. Duplex showed a large hematoma without any evidence of vascular flow. However, intraoperatively, she was noted to have a giant 20 × 35 cm pseudoaneurysm of the brachial artery. Therapeutic options include endovascular stenting, embolization, thrombin injection, ultrasound-guided compression, and surgery. We elected to perform resection of the large pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula ligation due to the large size. Given her end-stage renal disease status and lacking quality autogenous vein, we were able to perform a patch angioplasty repair of her brachial artery without requiring a bypass.
High temperature ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity by promoting ceramide breakdown in skeletal muscle tissue
Authors: Wang Qiankun , Chen Lupeng , Zhang Junzhi , Liu Yue , Jin Yi , Wu Jian , Ren Zhuqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObesity is considered an epidemic often accompanied by insulin resistance (IR). Heat treatment (HT) has been shown to prevent high-fat diet-induced IR in skeletal muscle, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that high temperature alleviated the hallmarks of obesity by promoting glycogen synthesis and lowering blood glucose levels in skeletal muscle tissue (SMT). Additionally, HT maintained the decay phase of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), leading to the activation of gene expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which contributed to the alleviation of IR in SMT of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Metabolomics and lipidomics analyses showed that HT promoted ceramide (Cer) breakdown, resulting in an elevation of both sphingomyelin (SM) and sphingosine, which further contributed to the amelioration of IR in SMT of DIO mice. Importantly, the increase in sphingosine was attributed to the heightened expression of the acid ceramidase N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 1 (ASAH1), and the inhibition of ASAH1 attenuated HT-relieved IR in SMT of DIO mice. Surprisingly, high temperature increased the composition of Cer and cholesteryl ester in lipid droplets of skeletal muscle cells. This not only helped alleviate IR but also prevented lipotoxicity in SMT of DIO mice. These findings revealed a previously unknown connection between a high-temperature environment and sphingolipid metabolism in obesity, suggesting that high temperature can improve IR by promoting Cer catabolism in SMT of obese mice.
Learn to optimize—a brief overview
Authors: Tang Ke , Yao Xin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Most optimization problems of practical significance are typically solved by highly configurable parameterized algorithms. To achieve the best performance on a problem instance, a trial-and-error configuration process is required, which is very costly and even prohibitive for problems that are already computationally intensive, e.g. optimization problems associated with machine learning tasks. In the past decades, many studies have been conducted to accelerate the tedious configuration process by learning from a set of training instances. This article refers to these studies as learn to optimize and reviews the progress achieved.
Structure, biogenesis, and evolution of thylakoid membranes
Authors: Ostermeier Matthias , Garibay-Hernández Adriana , Holzer Victoria J C , Schroda Michael , Nickelsen Jörg 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of algae and plants harbor specialized thylakoid membranes (TMs) that convert sunlight into chemical energy. These membranes house PSII and I, the vital protein-pigment complexes that drive oxygenic photosynthesis. In the course of their evolution, TMs have diversified in structure. However, the core machinery for photosynthetic electron transport remained largely unchanged, with adaptations occurring primarily in the light-harvesting antenna systems. Whereas TMs in cyanobacteria are relatively simple, they become more complex in algae and plants. The chloroplasts of vascular plants contain intricate networks of stacked grana and unstacked stroma thylakoids. This review provides an in-depth view of TM architectures in phototrophs and the determinants that shape their forms, as well as presenting recent insights into the spatial organization of their biogenesis and maintenance. Its overall goal is to define the underlying principles that have guided the evolution of these bioenergetic membranes.
‘You're changing the subject’: An unfair objection to conceptual engineering?
Authors: Belleri Delia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConceptual engineering projects are sometimes criticized for ‘changing the subject’. In this paper, I first discuss three strategies that have been proposed to address the change of subject objection. I notice that these strategies fail in similar ways: they all deploy a ‘loose’ notion of subject matter, while the objector can always reply deploying a ‘strict’ notion. Based on this, I then argue that at least current formulations of the change of subject objection (together with the response strategies just mentioned), create an overall defective dialectic, whereby no progress can be made on either side. After considering how such defective dialectic could be (at least partly) fixed, it is concluded that current formulations of the change of subject objection may be dismissed on dialectical grounds, even though some practical lessons may still be retained from the objection.
Wanted Refugees: The Forming of an Instrument Constituency for Refugee Resettlement in the European Union
Authors: Ekstedt Johan , Asplèn Lundstedt Andreas 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The European Union Agency for Asylum has emerged as an important actor in the Common European Asylum System in the past few years. In this article, we explore how the agency engages in capacity-building by looking at the development of bureaucratic instruments. We deploy the theoretical framework of instrument constituencies to investigate the agency’s development of instruments around resettlement. In relation to the literature on European migration management, deploying the theoretical framework of instrument constituencies is a novel approach.
Given the European Union’s limited mandate to directly influence Member States resettlement programmes, we argue that the development of bureaucratic instruments is one of the few avenues through which the European Union can facilitate resettlement. This study reveals how the proliferation in the use of these instruments by Member State authorities is driven by a political ambition to create a more orderly form of migration and is contrasted with the seemingly uncontrollable nature of asylum. Beyond being a direct solution to a practical problem, the policy instruments studied here reveal how new bureaucratic practices around resettlement are gradually being established. We show how resettlement is continuously evolving in the intersection between Member States and the European Union in the governing of migration.
Functional evaluation of Bacillus licheniformis PF9 for its potential in controlling enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in weaned piglets
Authors: Xu Haoxiang , Gong Joshua , Lu Peng , Azevedo Paula , Li Linyan , Yu Hai , Yang Chengbo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
During the bacterial selection, isolate PF9 demonstrated tolerance to low pH and high bile salt and an ability to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC; P &lt; 0.05). Thirty-two weaned piglets susceptible to ETEC F4 were randomly allocated to four treatments as follows: 1) non-challenged negative control group (NNC; basal diet and piglets gavaged with phosphate-buffered saline), 2) negative control group (NC; basal diet and piglets challenged with ETEC F4, 3 × 107 CFU per pig), 3) positive control (PC; basal diet + 80 mg·kg−1 of avilamycin and piglets challenged with ETEC F4), and 4) probiotic candidate (PF9; control basal diet + 2.5 × 109 CFU·kg−1 diet of B. licheniformis PF9 and piglets challenged with ETEC F4). The infection of ETEC F4 decreased average daily gain and gain:feed in the NC group when compared to the NNC group (P &lt; 0.05). The inoculation of ETEC F4 induced severe diarrhea at 3 h postinoculum (hpi), 36, 40 hpi in the NC group when compared to the NNC group (P &lt; 0.05). The supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 significantly relieved diarrhea severity at 3 hpi when compared to the NC group (P &lt; 0.05). The inoculation of ETEC F4 reduced duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height (VH) in the NC group when compared to the NNC group. A significant (P &lt; 0.05) decrease was detected in the duodenal VH in the PC and NNC groups. Moreover, the NNC group had a reduced relative mRNA level of Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) when compared to the NC group (P &lt; 0.05). Compared to the NC and NNC groups, the supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 increased the relative mRNA levels of aminopeptidase N, occludin, zonula occludens-1, and SGLT1 (P &lt; 0.05). The supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 also significantly increased the relative mRNA level of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 when compared to the NC group (P &lt; 0.05). Piglets supplemented with B. licheniformis PF9 showed lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the colon than piglets from the NNC group (P &lt; 0.05). The NNC group had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes in the ileum than all the challenged piglets (P &lt; 0.05); however, a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the ileum and colon was observed in the NC group (P &lt; 0.05). This study provides evidence that B. licheniformis PF9 has the potential to improve the gut health of piglets under challenging conditions.
An Update on Gender Disparity in Critical Care Conferences
Authors: Dymore-Brown Laura-Anne , Ahluwalia Amrit , Dangoisse Carole , Zaman Faryal , Sereeyotin Jariya , Mehta Sangeeta , Metaxa Victoria 
Published: April 2024

This commentary’s objective was to identify whether female representation at critical care conferences has improved since our previous publication in 2018.
We audited the scientific programs from three international (International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine [ISICEM], European Society of Intensive Care Medicine [ESICM], and Society of Critical Care Medicine [SCCM]) and two national (State of the Art [SOA] and Critical Care Canada Forum) critical care conferences from the years 2017 to 2022.
We collected data on the number of female faculty members and categorized them into physicians, nurses, allied health professions (AHPs), and other.
Across all conferences, there was an increased representation of females as speakers and moderators over the 6 years. However, at each conference, male speakers outnumbered female speakers. Only two conferences achieved gender parity in speakers, SCCM in 2021 (48% female) and 2022 and SOA in 2022 (48% female). These conferences also had the highest representation of female nursing and AHP speakers (25% in SCCM, 2021; 19% in SOA, 2022). While there was a statistically significant increase in female speakers (p < 0.01) in 2022 compared with 2016, there was a persistent gender gap in the representation of men and female physicians. While the proportion of female moderators increased in each conference every year, the increase was statistically only significant for ISICEM, ESICM, and SCCM (p < 0.05). The proportion of female nurses and AHP speakers increased in 2022 compared with 2016 (p < 0.0001) but their overall representation was low with the highest proportion (25%) in the 2022 SCCM conference and the lowest (0.5%) in the 2017 ISICEM conference.
This follow-up study demonstrates a narrowing but persisting gender gap in the studied critical care conferences. Thus, a commitment toward minimizing gender inequalities is warranted.
Controversies related to renal artery denervation and devices
Authors: Agwuegbo Chibuike Charles , Antia Akanimo Usen , Shamaki Garba Rimamskep , Bob-Manuel Tamunoinemi 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
This review article discusses the controversies, strengths, and limitations of the current literature on renal artery denervation in the management of resistant hypertension, as well as the future directions of this intervention.

Recent findings
There have been conflicting data from the different randomized control trials assessing the efficacy of renal artery denervation in the management of resistant hypertension.

Summary
Renal artery denervation is achieved by ablating the sympathetic nerves surrounding the renal arteries using endovascular ultrasound, radiofrequency, or alcohol. Our review article highlights that renal artery denervation is generally effective in improving blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved the ReCor Medical Paradise system, and the Symplicity Spyral RDN systems for renal artery denervation.
Replace the Linear No-threshold Model with a Risk-informed Targeted Approach to Radiation Protection
Authors: Reed Rodican P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The linear no-threshold (LNT) model may be useful as a simple basis for developing radiation protection regulations and standards, but it bears little resemblance to scientific reality and is probably overly conservative at low doses and low dose rates. This paper is an appeal for a broader view of radiation protection that involves more than just optimization of radiation dose. It is suggested that the LNT model should be replaced with a risk-informed, targeted approach to limitation of overall risks, which include radiation and other types of risks and accidents/incidents. The focus should be on protection of the individual. Limitation of overall risk does not necessarily always equate to minimization of individual or collective doses, but in some cases it might. Instead, risk assessment (hazards analysis) should be performed for each facility/and or specific job or operation (straightforward for specialized work such as radiography), and this should guide how limited resources are used to protect workers and the public. A graded approach could be used to prioritize the most significant risks and identify exposure scenarios that are unlikely or non-existent. The dose limits would then represent an acceptable level of risk, below which no further reduction in dose would be needed. Less resources should be spent on ALARA and tracking small individual and collective doses. Present dose limits are thought to be conservative and should suffice in general. Two exceptions are possibly the need for a lower (lifetime) dose limit for lens of the eye for astronauts and raising the public limit to 5 mSv y−1 from 1 mSv y−1. This would harmonize the public limit with the current limit for the embryo fetus of the declared pregnant worker. Eight case studies are presented that emphasize how diverse and complex radiation risks can be, and in some cases, chemical and industrial risks outweigh radiation risks. More focus is needed on prevention of accidents and incidents involving a variety of types of risks. A targeted approach is needed, and commitments should be complied with until they are changed or exemptions are granted. No criticism of regulators or nuclear industry personnel is intended here. Protection of workers and the public is everyone’s goal. The question is how best to accomplish that.
Protracted Exposure to a Sub-background Radiation Environment Negatively Impacts the Anhydrobiotic Recovery of Desiccated Yeast Sentinels
Authors: Lapointe Michel R. , Laframboise Taylor , Pirkkanen Jake , Tai T.C. , Lees Simon J. , Santa Maria Sergio R. , Tharmalingam Sujeenthar , Boreham Douglas R. , Thome Christopher 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Experiments that examine the impacts of subnatural background radiation exposure provide a unique approach to studying the biological effects of low-dose radiation. These experiments often need to be conducted in deep underground laboratories in order to filter surface-level cosmic radiation. This presents some logistical challenges in experimental design and necessitates a model organism with minimal maintenance. As such, desiccated yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is an ideal model system for these investigations. This study aimed to determine the impact of prolonged sub-background radiation exposure in anhydrobiotic (desiccated) yeast at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Two yeast strains were used: a normal wild type and an isogenic recombinational repair-deficient rad51 knockout strain (rad51Δ). Desiccated yeast samples were stored in the normal background surface control laboratory (68.0 nGy h−1) and in the sub-background environment within SNOLAB (10.1 nGy h−1) for up to 48 wk. Post-rehydration survival, growth rate, and metabolic activity were assessed at multiple time points. Survival in the sub-background environment was significantly reduced by a factor of 1.39 and 2.67 in the wild type and rad51∆ strains, respectively. Post-rehydration metabolic activity measured via alamarBlue reduction remained unchanged in the wild type strain but was 26% lower in the sub-background rad51∆ strain. These results demonstrate that removing natural background radiation negatively impacts the survival and metabolism of desiccated yeast, highlighting the potential importance of natural radiation exposure in maintaining homeostasis of living organisms.
High Prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Among Staphylococcus aureus Causing Acute Hematogenous Bone and Joint Infections From a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ha , Tran Dang Xoay , Hoang Thi Bich Ngọc , Vu Ngoc Hieu , Ta Anh Tuan , Pham Hong Nhung 
Published: April 2024

Background:
We aimed to investigate the clinical features, antimicrobial susceptibility and pvl gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus causing acute hematogenous bone and joint infections (BJIs) in children in Vietnam.

Methods:
In this prospective study, the demographics, microbiology and clinical outcomes of pediatric patients with acute hematogenous BJIs were collected from September 2022 to September 2023. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using VITEK2 Compact system. The pvl gene encoding the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin was detected by using polymerase chain reaction. Mann-Whitney, χ2 and Fisher test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
In total, 78 patients (46 boys) with S. aureus acute hematogenous BJIs were recruited at the National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam. Of all S. aureus isolates, 84.6% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin; 97% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates was resistant to clindamycin (minimum inhibitory concentration ≥8 μg/mL). The pvl gene was detected in 83.3% of isolates, including 57 methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. Patients in the pvl-positive group had significantly higher C-reactive protein levels than those in the pvl-negative group (P = 0.04). In addition, all 8 children with septic shock were infected with pvl-positive S. aureus.

Conclusions:
PVL is a prevalent virulence factor of S. aureus in Vietnam. Furthermore, high inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein) may be present at the time of diagnosis in PVL positivity-related acute hematogenous BJIs. Further research is necessary to enhance our understanding of the varying correlations between virulence factors and outcomes of S. aureus BJIs.
The Feasibility and Acceptability of Using Mobile Applications for HIV Testing, Prevention, and Treatment Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ndenkeh Jackson Jr Nforbewing , Nelson LaRon E. , Bogning Ange , Yumo Habakkuk , Bediang Georges , Njih Earnest , Fotso Durand , Abu-Ba'are Gamji Rabiu , Kouanfack Charles , Ni Zhao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are vulnerable populations to HIV/AIDS. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 637 AGYW in Cameroon to study the feasibility and willingness to use mobile applications (apps) for HIV testing, prevention, and treatment. We found that phone ownership is high among AGYW, where 93.9% (n = 598) of them (median age: 22 years, interquartile range: 21–24 years) had access to a smartphone, 49.5% (n = 315) frequently searched for health information, and 48.9% (n = 312) frequently used health-related apps. AGYW's willingness to use mobile apps for HIV testing, prevention, and treatment were 87.9% (n = 560), 84.4% (n = 538), and 84.9% (n = 541), respectively. The high willingness to use apps was associated with older age, HIV testing, and searching for health information on a phone. Barriers to willingness included having no internet access, concerns about internet cost and privacy, and lack of consistent access to a smartphone.