bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural specificity in a FGF7‐affinity purified heparin octasaccharide required for formation of a complex with FGF7 and FGFR2IIIb
Authors: Luo Yongde , Ye Sheng , Kan Mikio , McKeehan Wallace L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractVariations in sulfation of heparan sulfate (HS) affect interaction with FGF, FGFR, and FGF–HS–FGFR signaling complexes. Whether structurally distinct HS motifs are at play is unclear. Here we used stabilized recombinant FGF7 as a bioaffinity matrix to purify size‐defined heparin oligosaccharides. We show that only 0.2%–4% of 6 to 14 unit oligosaccharides, respectively, have high affinity for FGF7 based on resistance to salt above 0.6M NaCl. The high affinity fractions exhibit highest specific activity for interaction with FGFR2IIIb and formation of complexes of FGF7‐HS‐FGFR2IIIb. The majority fractions with moderate (0.30–0.6M NaCl), low (0.14–0.30M NaCl) or no affinity at 0.14M NaCl for FGF7 supported no complex formation. The high affinity octasaccharide mixture exhibited predominantly 7‐ and 8‐sulfated components (7,8‐S‐OctaF7) and formed FGF7–HS–FGFR2IIIb complexes with highest specific activity. Deduced disaccharide analysis indicated that 7,8‐S‐OctaF7 comprised of ΔHexA2SGlcN6S in a 2:1 ratio to a trisulfated and a variable unsulfated or monosulfated disaccharide. The inactive octasaccharides with moderate affinity for FGF7 were much more heterogenous and highly sulfated with major components containing 11 or 12 sulfates comprised of predominantly trisulfated disaccharides. This suggests that a rare undersulfated motif in which sulfate groups are specifically distributed has highest affinity for FGF7. The same motif also exhibits structural requirements for high affinity binding to dimers of FGFR2IIIb prior to binding FGF7 to form FGF7–HS–FGFR2IIIb complexes. In contrast, the majority of more highly sulfated HS motifs likely play FGFR‐independent roles in stability and control of access of FGF7 to FGFR2IIIb in the tissue matrix. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 1241–1258, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photo‐degradation of hydrophobic esters of pyridinecarboxylic acids as copper extractants from chloride media and their copper complexes
Authors: Klonowska Karolina , Olszanowski Andrzej , Borowiak‐Resterna Aleksandra 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe photo‐stability of hydrophobic esters of pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid and pyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylic acid containing 2‐ethylhexyl‐, octyl‐, and dodecyl‐substituents which are model extractants of copper from chloride media were studied together with the photo‐degradation of their copper complexes. The results indicate that UV light degraded the esters of both pyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylic acid and pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid. The degree of degradation depended on the structure of the ester, the type of solvent, and the presence of oxygen, water or hydrochloric acid in the solution during exposure to visible or UV‐visible light. Photo‐reactions between the solvent and the esters were also observed. Copper has a considerable influence on the photo‐stability of the esters. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the extraction of gadolinium(III) from nitrate medium by di‐2‐ethylhexylphosphoric acid in kerosene using a single drop technique
Authors: El‐Hefny Naglaa E , El‐Dessouky Sahar I 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe liquid–liquid extraction of Gd(III) from aqueous nitrate medium was studied using di‐2‐ethylhexylphosphoric acid (HDEHP) in kerosene. On the basis of the slope analysis data, the composition of the extracted species was found to be [Gd A3(HA)] with the extraction equilibrium constant (Kex) = (1.48 ± 0.042) × 10−12 mol dm−3. The results of the effect of temperature on the value of the equilibrium extraction constant indicated the endothermic character of the extraction system. The kinetics of the forward extraction of Gd3+ from nitrate medium by HDEHP in kerosene was investigated using the single drop column technique. The rate of flux (mass transfer per unit area) was found to be proportional to [Gd(III)], [H2A2](o), [NO3−], and [H+]−1 in the liquid drop organic phase. The forward extraction rate constant, kf, was 2.24 × 10−3 m s−1 using the equation:

Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and application of dicationic ionic liquids
Authors: Liu Qingbin , van Rantwijk Fred , Sheldon Roger A 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIonic liquids were synthesised that consisted of two methylimidazolium rings joined by a spacer 1–12 carbon atoms in length. The bis(triflic)imides with spacer ≤C4 were solids; the others were liquid at room temperature. The polarity of the dication liquids and their performance in the extraction of phenol from water were compared with those of similar monocationic liquids. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Degradation of cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates using a chelator‐mediated Fenton reaction
Authors: Arantes Valdeir , Milagres Adriane Maria Ferreira 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe involvement of catechol and hydroxamate chelators, along with hydrogen peroxide and Fe3+, in the degradation of cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates was examined with the purpose of improving our current knowledge of the non‐enzymatic mechanisms involved in wood biodegradation by fungi. It could be demonstrated that a catechol chelator‐mediated Fenton reaction not only clearly degraded hemicellulosic substrates but also significantly accelerated and increased the effectiveness of degradation reactions. On the other hand, when a hydroxamate chelator‐mediated Fenton reaction was used, an inhibitory effect was observed. When cellulosic substrates underwent a chelator‐mediated Fenton reaction, no significant difference in degradation was observed between catechol and hydroxamate chelator‐mediated reactions. However, a catechol‐mediated reaction did accelerate the degradation of cellulosic substrates at the beginning of reactions. In addition, it was observed that with a chelator‐mediated Fenton reaction, oxidation of cellulose proceeds depolymerization. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of inoculation dosing on the composting of source‐selected organic fraction of municipal solid wastes
Authors: Barrena Raquel , Pagans Estela , Faltys Gary , Sánchez Antoni 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe effects of a commercial inoculum (MicroGest 10X, Brookside Agra L.C.) on the field‐scale composting of the source‐selected organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) have been studied by following routine parameters of the composting process (temperature, oxygen content and moisture) and biologically‐related tests such as the respirometric index and the maturity grade. The inoculum was added to composting piles of OFMSW at different levels: control (no added inoculum), treatment A (105 CFU g−1 of OFMSW), treatment B (106 CFU g−1 of OFMSW) and treatment C (107 CFU g−1 of OFMSW). The inoculum selected produced a significant acceleration of the composting process with high levels of biological activity in the thermophilic phase. In terms of the acceleration of composting and economy the optimal treatment was B, which produced a reduction of approximately half of the total composting time. Treatment C did not improve significantly the results obtained with treatment B, whereas treatment A has little effect on the composting of OFMSW when compared with the control experiment. Respirometric index (determined at 55 °C) and maturity grade appeared to be the most reliable tests to follow the biological activity of the composting of OFMSW. On the other hand, routine parameters such as temperature, oxygen content and moisture showed no significant differences among the different inoculation levels tested in the composting process. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimisation of the amino–carboxy coupling of oligonucleotides to beads used in liquid arrays
Authors: Wittebolle Lieven , Verstuyft Karmen , Verstraete Willy , Boon Nico 
Published: November 2005

AbstractInterest is increasing in the multiplexed bead‐based method to detect nucleic acid quantities, using oligonucleotides (oligos) coupled to micrometre‐sized polystyrene beads. This paper describes an evaluation of this coupling step by examining different buffers at various pHs and the effect of changing the oligo concentration. The use of 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES)–borate buffer (pH 4.5) during the effective coupling step yielded the best coupling efficiency. The addition of 15 pmol of oligo to 105 beads resulted in the highest number of coupled oligos per bead (∼336 ± 28 oligos µm−2). In addition, an alternative method to calibrate the fluorescence intensity by using FloSense Rainbow Calibration Particles was evaluated. In this way, it was possible to compare data independently of the type of flow cytometer used or the photomultiplier tube settings. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of ozonation on chemical oxygen demand fractionation and color profile of textile wastewaters
Authors: Doǧruel Serdar , Dulekgurgen Ebru , Orhon Derin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFiltration and ultrafiltration with a size range of 2–1600 nm were used to evaluate the effect of ozonation on the particle size distribution‐based chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color profiles of textile wastewater before and after biological treatment. Ozonation induced a net effect of 9% COD reduction in the influent and 15% in the effluent. However, a more in‐depth evaluation based on particle size distribution and mass balance for the influent revealed different mechanisms of ozonation, which were interpreted as total oxidation in the soluble range, replenishment of soluble COD through solubilization of organics into simpler compounds and polymerization towards the upper size range (>220 nm). For the biological treatment effluent, the greatest effect of ozonation was in the lower particle size range (<8 nm). Ozone was very effective for color removal, giving 80–93% optical density reductions in the influent and 96–99% in the effluent, depending on the excitation wavelength selected. Ozonation of the influent removed practically all color fractions, except in the particulate range. In the effluent, the particulate fraction was removed by biological treatment and settling and consequently the remaining color were almost entirely removed by ozonation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Purification of monoclonal antibodies from cell culture supernatants by Gradiflow™ electrophoresis technology
Authors: Mahler Stephen M , Leong Sharon , Gilbert Andrew , Yang Fan , Gray Peter , Dyk Derek Van , Roeth Philip 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used extensively for analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The purification of mAbs from cell culture supernatants typically consists of protein A, G or L affinity chromatography, often in association with other conventional chromatographic techniques such as ion exchange and gel filtration. We report the application of Gradiflow™ preparative electrophoresis technology, for the separation of mouse and mouse/human chimeric mAbs from cell culture supernatants in their native state. The one‐step purification of murine mAb HuLym3 shows that mAbs can be purified from hybridoma cell culture supernatants to high purity, and is thus an alternative to other purification methods based on conventional and affinity chromatography for the production of mAbs for analytical and diagnostic applications. A mouse/human IgG1 chimeric mAb produced by Chinese hamster ovary cells was also purified from cell culture supernatant, and the purity achieved suggests that Gradiflow™ electrophoresis could replace affinity chromatography in the downstream processing of mAbs for therapeutic use. Gradiflow™ electrophoresis technology is scaleable and thus is applicable to industrial‐scale purification of mAbs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetic model for simultaneous cell disruption and aqueous two‐phase extraction
Authors: Chang Bingsheng , Su Zhiguo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA process of simultaneous cell disruption and aqueous two‐phase extraction demonstrated improved product yield and selectivity compared with the traditional process of cell disruption followed by extraction. Addition of aqueous two‐phase components did not decrease the efficiency of cell disruption. Moreover, ADH, LDH and G6PDH recovery was enhanced in this new process with recovery ratios of 97%, 93% and 95%, respectively. Cell disruption kinetics were established based on a new mechanism that was different from traditional first‐order kinetics, consisting of the release of intracellular proteins and enzymes, the denaturation and subsequent renaturation of these proteins that may be due to the protection of the aqueous two‐phase components during the cell disruption process. To account for this, the kinetics parameters were calculated, and the experimental data were regressed. The resulting kinetic model could provide a better fit for the experimental data with a correlation ratio of 99% (for total protein), and led to insights into the differences between the new process and the traditional one. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative studies of Oryza sativa L. husk and chitosan as lead adsorbent
Authors: Zulkali Mohamed Mohamed Daud , Ahmad Abdul Latif , Norulakmal Nor Hadi , Sharifah Nor Sulaiman 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe adsorption capacity of two low‐cost adsorbents, Oryza sativa L. husk and chitosan, was studied. Lead solution was used as the adsorbate. The effect of initial lead concentration, pH, temperature, weight of adsorbent, particle size and contact time on lead uptake was investigated. It was found that the isotherm data were well described by the Freundlich isotherm for both adsorbents. The adsorption capacities of rice husk and chitosan were 5.69 and 8.31 mg g−1, respectively. It was shown that chitosan was more effective than rice husk. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
A single immunization with a minute dose of a lentiviral vector‐based vaccine is highly effective at eliciting protective humoral immunity against West Nile virus
Authors: Iglesias Maria Candela , Frenkiel Marie‐Pascale , Mollier Karine , Souque Philippe , Despres Philippe , Charneau Pierre 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackgroundLentiviral vectors, due to their capacity to transduce non‐dividing cells, have become precious and worldwide used gene transfer systems. Their ability to efficiently and stably transduce dendritic cells (DCs) has led to their successful use as vaccination vectors for eliciting strong, specific and protective cellular immune responses mostly in anti‐tumoral but also in anti‐viral applications. However, the ability of lentiviral vectors to elicit an antibody‐based protective immunity has, to date, not been evaluated. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of a lentiviral vector‐based vaccine to elicit humoral immunity against West Nile virus (WNV). WNV is a mosquito‐borne flavivirus that emerged in North America and causes encephalitis in humans, birds and horses. Neutralizing anti‐WNV antibodies have been shown to be crucial for protection against WNV encephalitis.MethodsThe ability of lentiviral vector TRIP/sEWNV, expressing the secreted soluble form of the envelope E‐glycoprotein (sEWNV) from the highly virulent IS‐98‐ST1 strain of WNV, to induce a specific humoral response and protection against WNV infection was assessed in a mouse model of WNV encephalitis.ResultsRemarkably, a single immunization with a minute dose of TRIP/sEWNV was efficient at eliciting a long‐lasting, protective and sterilizing humoral immunity, only 1 week after priming.ConclusionsThis study broadens the applicability of lentiviral vectors as efficient non‐replicating vaccines against pathogens for which a neutralizing humoral response is one active arm of the protective immunity. The TRIP/sEWNV lentiviral vector appears to be a promising tool for veterinary vaccination against zoonotic WNV. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction between complementary liposomes: a process leading to multicompartment systems formation
Authors: Paleos Constantinos M. , Tsiourvas Dimitris 
Published: November 2005

AbstractInteraction of complementary liposomes induces a series of processes, involving reorganization of their membrane lipids, which lead to the formation of large aggregates. In several cases these aggregates exhibit multicompartment structures and only primitively mimic, in some aspects at least, the multicompartmental features of cells. Similar multicompartment structures were repeatedly obtained following the interaction of a diversity of complementary liposomal pairs. Thus, a working hypothesis is proposed, according to which, molecular recognition of liposomes induces the formation of multicompartment structures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of prostate‐specific antigen binding peptides selected by phage display technology
Authors: Ferrieu‐Weisbuch Catherine , Michel Sandrine , Collomb‐Clerc Emilie , Pothion Catherine , Deléage Gilbert , Jolivet‐Reynaud Colette 
Published: November 2005

AbstractProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) is an important marker for the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Free PSA has been shown to be more extensively cleaved in sera from benign prostatic hyperplasia patients than in sera from prostate cancer patients. Moreover, the presence of enzymatically activatable PSA was characterized previously in sera from patients with prostate cancer by the use of the specific anti‐free PSA monoclonal antibody (mAb) 5D3D11. As an attempt to obtain ligands for the specific recognition of different PSA forms including active PSA, phage‐displayed linear and cyclic peptide libraries were screened with PSA coated directly into microplate wells or presented by two different anti‐total PSA mAbs. Four different phage clones were selected for their ability to recognize PSA and the inserted peptides were produced as synthetic peptides. These peptides were found to capture and to detect specifically free PSA, even in complex biological media such as sera or tumour cell culture supernatants. Alanine scanning of peptide sequences showed the involvement of aromatic and hydrophobic residues in the interaction of the peptides with PSA whereas Spotscan analysis of overlapping peptides covering the PSA sequence identified a peptide binding to the kallikrein loop at residues 82–87, suggesting that the peptides could recognize a non‐clipped form of PSA. Moreover, the PSA‐specific peptides enhance the enzymatic activity of PSA immobilized into microplate wells whereas the capture of PSA by the peptides inhibited totally its enzymatic activity while the peptide binding to PSA had no effect in solution. These PSA‐specific peptides could be potential tools for the recognition of PSA forms more specifically associated to prostate cancer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Musculoskeletal tumors: Use of proton MR spectroscopic imaging for characterization
Authors: Fayad Laura M. , Bluemke David A. , McCarthy Edward F. , Weber Kristin L. , Barker Peter B. , Jacobs Michael A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeTo determine the value of multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in distinguishing malignant skeletal tumors from benign tumors and normal bone marrow using the metabolite choline (Cho) as a marker for malignancy.Materials and MethodsPathologic specimens obtained from 13 patients who had undergone wide resection for skeletal tumors underwent evaluation by MRSI at 1.5 T. Coronal T1‐weighted gradient‐echo sequence obtained for localization purposes (TR/TE = 250/1.8 msec, field of view [FOV] = 18 × 18), and single‐slice MRSI (TR/TE = 2000/272 msec, FOV = 18 × 18, 10‐mm slice‐thickness) were performed. Water, lipid, and Cho images were reconstructed from MRSI data. Cho signal was measured in each specimen and expressed relative to background noise level (signal‐to‐noise ratio [SNR]) where noise was measured between 7.0 and 9.0 ppm. Cho SNRs were compared between areas containing malignant tumor and nonmalignant tissue (benign lesion or normal bone marrow) as determined by histopathology.ResultsSpecimens included 13 skeletal sarcomas (seven osteosarcomas, three chondrosarcomas, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, one fibrosarcoma, and one leiomyosarcoma). All specimens included a sample of normal bone marrow and two specimens also contained benign lesions. All sarcomas demonstrated a signal at 3.2 ppm assigned to Cho‐containing metabolites in areas of malignancy. Peak Cho SNR was significantly different for areas containing histologically‐proven malignancy compared to nonmalignant tissue (9.8 ± 5.1 vs. 2.7 ± 1.4, respectively, P < 0.002).ConclusionThese preliminary results indicate that MRSI at 1.5 T is a promising noninvasive method of differentiating malignant skeletal tumors from nonmalignant tissue. Using MRSI, Cho can be detected in skeletal tumors and may serve as a marker for malignancy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma by ferumoxides‐enhanced MR imaging in cirrhosis: Incremental value of dynamic gadolinium‐enhancement
Authors: Qayyum Aliya , Thoeni Ruedi F. , Coakley Fergus V. , Lu Ying , Guay Jeff P. , Ferrell Linda D. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurpose:To investigate the incremental value of dynamic gadolinium‐enhancement performed immediately after ferumoxides‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed MR scans of 62 cirrhotic patients over a two‐year period. Sequences included ferumoxides‐enhanced T2‐weighted fast spin echo followed by dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced T1‐weighted spoiled gradient echo. Two readers independently documented the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma on a three‐point confidence scale, without and with gadolinium‐enhanced images. The presence or absence of hepatocellular carcinoma was established by histopathology (58 patients) or follow‐up imaging (four patients) over a mean period of nine months.Results:A total of 71 hepatocellular carcinomas were found in 42 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma without vs. with gadolinium‐enhanced images (68% vs. 74% for reader 1 and 62% vs. 73% for reader 2, respectively, P > 1.3). However, both readers showed a lower mean confidence for tumor detection without vs. with gadolinium‐enhanced images (2.3 vs. 2.7 for reader 1, 2.3 vs. 2.9 for reader 2, P < 0.01).Conclusion:In our study, the addition of dynamic gadolinium‐enhancement to ferumoxides‐enhanced MR imaging did not improve hepatocellular carcinoma detection, but the addition of gadolinium‐enhancement is recommended if ferumoxides‐enhanced imaging is used because it increased reader confidence. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.