bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the anatomic effect of physical therapy exercises for mobilization of lumbar spinal nerves and the dura mater in dogs
Authors: Gruenenfelder Fredrik I. , Boos Alois , Mouwen Marco , Steffen Frank 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Objective—To adapt and standardize neural tissue mobilization exercises, quantify nerve root movement, and assess the anatomic effects of lumbar spinal nerve and dural mobilization in dogs.
Animals—15 canine cadavers.
Procedures—5 cadavers were used in the preliminary part of the study to adapt 3 neural tissue mobilization physical therapy exercises to canine anatomy. In the other 10 cadavers, the L4 to L7 nerve roots and the dura at the level of T13 and L1 were isolated and marked. Movements during the physical therapy exercises were standardized by means of goniometric control. Movement of the nerve roots in response to each exercise was digitally measured. The effects of body weight and crownrump length on the distance of nerve root movement achieved during each exercise were also assessed. Each exercise was divided into 4 steps, and the overall distance of neural movement achieved was compared with distances achieved between steps.
Results—Neural tissue mobilization exercises elicited visible and measurable movement of nerve roots L4 to L7 and of the dura at T13 and L1 in all cadavers.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The physical therapy exercises evaluated had measurable effects on nerve roots L4 to L7 and the dura mater in the T13 and L1 segments. These exercises should be evaluated in clinical trials to validate their efficacy as primary treatments or ancillary postsurgical therapy in dogs with disorders of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral segments of the vertebral column.
Effects of topical administration of an aldose reductase inhibitor on cataract formation in dogs fed a diet high in galactose
Authors: Kador Peter F. , Betts Daniel , Wyman Milton , Blessing Karen , Randazzo James 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of a topical formulation of an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) on the development of sugar cataracts in dogs fed a diet high in galactose.
Animals—Ten 6-month old Beagles.
Procedures—Dogs were fed a diet containing 30% galactose, and after 16 weeks, 6 dogs were treated topically with a proprietary ARI formulation and 4 dogs were treated with a placebo. Cataract formation was monitored by means of slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus photography. Dogs were euthanized after 10 weeks of treatment, and lenses were evaluated for degree of opacity, myo-inositol and galactitol concentrations, and concentration of the ARI.
Results—All dogs developed bilateral cortical opacities dense enough to result in a decrease in the tapetal reflex after being fed the galactose-containing diet for 16 weeks. Administration of the ARI arrested further development of cataract formation. In contrast, cataracts in the vehicle-treated dogs progressed over the 10-week period to the mature stage. Evaluation of the isolated lenses after 26 weeks of galactose feeding indicated that lenses from treated dogs were significantly less optically dense than lenses from control dogs. Lenticular myo-inositol concentration was significantly higher in the treated than in the control dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that topical application of a proprietary ARI formulation may arrest or reverse the development of sugar cataracts in dogs fed a diet high in galactose. This suggests that this ARI formulation may be beneficial in maintaining or improving functional vision in diabetic dogs with early lens opacities.
Effect of short-term sequential administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the stomach and proximal portion of the duodenum in healthy dogs
Authors: Dowers Kristy L. , Uhrig Samantha R. , Mama Khursheed R. , Gaynor James S. , Hellyer Peter W. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of injection with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) followed by oral administration of an NSAID on the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of healthy dogs.
Animals—6 healthy Walker Hounds.
Procedures—In a randomized, crossover design, dogs were administered 4 treatments consisting of an SC injection of an NSAID or control solution (day 0), followed by oral administration of an NSAID or inert substance for 4 days (days 1 through 4). Treatment regimens included carprofen (4 mg/kg) followed by inert substance; saline (0.9% NaCl) solution followed by deracoxib (4 mg/kg); carprofen (4 mg/kg) followed by carprofen (4 mg/kg); and carprofen (4 mg/kg) followed by deracoxib (4 mg/kg). Hematologic, serum biochemical, and fecal evaluations were conducted weekly, and clinical scores were obtained daily. Endoscopy of the GIT was performed before and on days 1, 2, and 5 for each treatment. Lesions were scored by use of a 6-point scale.
Results—No significant differences existed for clinical data, clinicopathologic data, or lesion scores in the esophagus, cardia, or duodenum. For the gastric fundus, antrum, and lesser curvature, an effect of time was observed for all treatments, with lesions worsening from before to day 2 of treatments but improving by day 5.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sequential administration of NSAIDs in this experiment did not result in clinically important gastroduodenal ulcers. A larger study to investigate the effect of sequential administration of NSAIDs for longer durations and in dogs with signs of acute and chronic pain is essential to substantiate these findings.
Spontaneous retrograde movement of ureteroliths in two dogs and five cats
Authors: Dalby Anne M. , Adams Larry G. , Salisbury S. Kathleen , Blevins William E. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Case Description—2 dogs and 5 cats were evaluated for treatment of ureteroliths.
Clinical Findings—Spontaneous retrograde movement of 1 or more ureteroliths was detected by radiography, ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, and a combination of fluoroscopy and ultrasonography. The ureteroliths moved retrograde up to 4 centimeters. Retrograde movement of ureteroliths into the renal pelvis resulted in improved renal function in some patients but made complete surgical removal of all uroliths more difficult.
Treatment and Outcome—Medical management was not successful, and ureteroliths were surgically removed. Surgical management of ureteroliths was complicated by retrograde movement of ureteroliths in the perioperative period.
Clinical Relevance—Ureteroliths can move retrograde within the ureter and even back into the renal pelvis. Retrograde movement of ureteroliths may make surgical planning more difficult.
New closed form analysis of resonances in microwave power for material processing
Authors: Bhattacharya Madhuchhanda , Basak Tanmay 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new closed form material invariant analysis on resonances of microwave induced power absorption is presented. It is shown that resonances in average power is confined within two asymptotic limits of thin and thick samples, and the resonances occur if λm ⩽ 1.5Dp,m for λm ≈ λ0 and λm ⩽ 3Dp,m for λm ≉ λ0. Here λm and Dp,m denote the wavelength and penetration depth within the sample, respectively, and λ0 is the wavelength within the free space. It has been shown that average absorbed power does not exhibit resonance for one side incidence if λm ≈ λ0, while the occurrence of resonance is independent of ϕl for λm ≉ λ0. Here, ϕl is the fractional power input from the left side. The amplitudes of subsequent resonating peaks are also shown to decay monotonically with sample length for λm ≈ λ0, while they vary nonmonotonically for λm ≉ λ0 and ϕl ≉ 0, 1 or 1/2 due to suppressions of odd (for λm < λ0), or even (for λm > λ0) resonating peaks, which increase as ϕl approaches 1/2 from either 0 or 1. Finally, at ϕl ≈ 1/2 with λm ≉ λ0 odd (for λm < λ0), or even (for λm > λ0) resonating peaks of average absorbed power vanish reducing the number of resonating points by a factor of two from one side incidence (ϕl ap; &0 or 1), to both side incidence with equal power input from left and right sides (ϕl ≈ 1/2). This work provides correlations (corresponding to λm ≈ λ0 and λm ≉ λ0) for predicting the locations of resonating peaks as function of λm/λ0, λm/Dp,m, and ϕl. The theoretical prediction on average power characteristics have been shown to be useful in forecasting the heating patterns for efficient material processing. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Collaborative information synthesis II: Recommendations for information systems to support synthesis activities
Authors: Blake Catherine , Pratt Wanda 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAs the quantity of information continues to exceed our human processing capacity, information systems must support users as they face the daunting task of synthesizing information. One activity that consumes much of a scientist's time is developing models that balance contradictory and redundant evidence. Driven by our desire to understand the information behaviors of this important user group, and the behaviors of scientific discovery in general, we conducted an observational study of academic research scientists as they resolved different experimental results reported in the biomedical literature. This article is Part 2 of two articles that report our findings. In Part 1 (Blake & Pratt, 2006), we introduced the Collaborative Information Synthesis (CIS) model, which captures the salient information behaviors that we observed. In this article, we review existing cognitive and information seeking models that have inadvertently reported synthesis behavior and provide five recommendations for systems designers to build information systems that support synthesis activities.
Effects of hypomagnetic field on noradrenergic activities in the brainstem of golden hamster
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Jun‐Feng , Wu Qi‐Jiu , Li Bing , Jiang Jin‐Chang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrevious studies found that elimination of the geomagnetic field (GMF) interferes with the normal brain functions, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study examined the effects of long‐term exposures to a near‐zero magnetic environment on the noradrenergic activities in the brainstem of golden hamsters. Both the content of norepinephrine (NE) and the density of NE‐immunopositive neurons in the tissue decreased significantly after the treatment, and the effects could be progressive with time. These variations may substantially contribute to behavioral and mood disorders reported in other studies when animals are shielded from the GMF. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zum Durchstanzen von Flachdecken – Einfluß der Momenten‐Querkraft Interaktion und der Vorspannung
Authors: Hegger Josef , Tuchlinski Dirk 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBei Rand‐ und Eckstützen führt das Einspannmoment aus Rahmenwirkung zu einer zusätzlichen Beanspruchung im Durchstanzbereich, die sich mit der Beanspruchung infolge Querkraft überlagert. Es kann daher von einer ausgeprägten Momenten‐Querkraft Interaktion gesprochen werden. Anhand experimenteller, numerischer und theoretischer Untersuchungen werden die Besonderheiten beim Durchstanzen von Flachdecken im Bereich von Rand‐ und Eckstützen erläutert und ein Ingenieurmodell zum Durchstanzen von Flachdecken abgeleitet, das auch eine Vorspannung berücksichtigt. Aufbauend auf dem Berechnungsansatz werden Lasterhöhungsfaktoren zur Beschreibung der Momenten‐Querkraft Interaktion für Rand‐ und Eckstützen vorgestellt, die in DIN 1045‐1 und EC 2 (Fassung 10/05) anstelle der bisherigen konstanten Faktoren verwendet werden können.
From flawed self‐assessment to blatant whoppers: the utility of voluntary and involuntary behavior in detecting deception
Authors: Ekman Paul , O'Sullivan Maureen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMalingering occupies a range on a continuum from biased self‐perception to conscious, deliberate, serious lies. One aspect of this continuum is the element of self‐conscious or deliberate control. Suggestions from Darwin's writings concerning the role of voluntary and involuntary activation of the facial muscles are examined and illustrated with data from a 40 year program of research on deception. The impact of the voluntary–involuntary distinction on the appearance, timing, symmetry and cohesion of facial expressions of emotion is explained. Data relevant to changes in vocal and gestural aspects of demeanor in honest and deceptive behavior are also reviewed. The relevance of these laboratory‐based findings on the voluntary control of nonverbal behavior in assessing some types of malingering is discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Selective Hydroaminomethylation of Internal Alkenes To Give Linear Amines
Authors: Ahmed Moballigh , Bronger Raymond P. J. , Jackstell Ralf , Kamer Paul C. J. , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe application of phenoxaphosphino‐modified Xantphos‐type ligands (1–9) in the rhodium‐catalyzed hydroaminomethylation of internal olefins to give linear amines is reported. Excellent chemo‐ and regioselectivities have been obtained through the use of 0.1 mol % [Rh(cod)2]BF4/0.4 mol % xantphenoxaphos (1), providing a practical and environmentally attractive synthetic route for the preparation of amines from internal alkenes. For the first time, both functionalized internal olefins and mixtures of internal and terminal olefins have been converted highly selectively into linear amines. Investigations of the effects of the calculated natural bite angles of ligands on hydroaminomethylation shows that the regioselectivity for the linear product follows a similar trend to that seen in the hydroformylation of internal alkenes with the aid of these ligands. Hydroaminomethylation and each of its individual steps were monitored by high‐pressure infrared spectroscopy. The results suggest that hydroaminomethylations take place by a sequential isomerization/hydroformylation/amination/hydrogenation pathway.
A New Macrocyclic Cryptand with Squaramide Moieties: An Overstructured CuII Complex That Selectively Binds Halides: Synthesis, Acid/Base‐ and Ligational Behavior, and Crystal Structures
Authors: Ambrosi Gianluca , Formica Mauro , Fusi Vieri , Giorgi Luca , Guerri Annalisa , Micheloni Mauro , Paoli Paola , Pontellini Roberto , Rossi Patrizia 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of the novel 24,29‐dimethyl‐6,7,15,16‐tetraoxotetracyclo‐[19.5.5.05,8.014,17]‐1,4,9,13,18,21,24,29‐octaazaenatriaconta‐Δ5,8,Δ14,17‐diene (L) are reported. Molecule L incorporates two squaramide functions in a overstructured chain connecting two opposite nitrogen atoms of the Me2[12]aneN4 polyaza macrocyclic base to obtain a cage topology. The basicity and binding properties of L towards CuII were determined by means of potentiometric measurements in aqueous solution (298.1±0.1 K, I=0.15 mol dm−3). Molecule L behaves as a diprotic base under the experimental conditions employed and forms only mononuclear CuII complexes in which the squaramide moieties are not involved in the stabilization of the metal ion that is stabilized by the amine functions of the polyaza base inside the three‐dimensional cavity. The [CuL]2+ species was tested as a host for the series of halide anions. UV‐visible spectrophotometric experiments permitted the determination of the addition constants of halides to the CuII‐complexed species. The [CuL]2+ species binds the anions F−, Cl−, and Br− by forming the [CuLX]+ species, but does not bind the biggest I− anion. A trend of selectivity as a function of the hydrogen‐bonding capability as well as the dimensions of the anion were established; the maximum value of selectivity was for addition of the F− anion (log K=4.8). This selectivity is due to the presence of the overstructured chain containing the squaramide groups up to the Me2[12]aneN4 macrocyclic base. The squaramide groups, by providing hydrogen‐bond contacts, permit the [CuL]2+ species to selectively bind these anions through the formation of a hydrogen‐bond network with F− and Cl−. The crystal structures of the [CuLF]+ and [CuLCl]+ cations support the results obtained in aqueous solution.
Synthesis of (±)‐Strychnofoline via a Highly Convergent Selective Annulation Reaction
Authors: Lerchner Andreas , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStudies aimed at preparing (±)‐strychnofoline by total synthesis are detailed. The route described makes use of a recently developed MgI2‐mediated ring‐expansion reaction of spiro[cyclopropan‐1,3′‐oxindole] with a cyclic disubstituted aldimine. The ring‐expansion product was formed as a single diastereoisomer in 55 % yield, possessing the same stereochemical pattern found in strychnofoline. In addition, our synthetic effort has led to the development of new reaction methodology to access 3,4‐disubstituted cyclic aldimines.
Cu(OAc)2/Pyrimidines‐Catalyzed Cross‐coupling Reactions of Aryl Iodides and Activated Aryl Bromides with Alkynes under Aerobic, Solvent‐free and Palladium‐free Conditions
Authors: Xie Ye‐Xiang , Deng Chen‐Liang , Pi Shao‐Feng , Li Jin‐Heng , Yin Du‐Lin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExcellent results have been achieved in the Cu(OAc)2‐catalyzed Sonogashira cross‐couplings of aryl iodides and activated aryl bromides utilizing TBAF (tetrabutylammonium fluoride) as the base and 4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐amine as the ligand. It is noteworthy that the reaction is conducted under aerobic, solvent‐free and palladium‐free conditions.
Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of a Family of Oligothiophene Derivatives in Solution
Authors: Liu Ping , Wang Yong‐Guang , Pan Wan‐Zhang , Huang Ming‐Sheng , Deng Wen‐Ji , Tong Zhen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe photophysical and electrochemical properties of a family of oligothiophene derivatives in solution were studied. It was found that the cyano and the vinyl group could increase fluorescence yield in solution, while the formyl and carboxyl group could decrease energy gap. With increasing the chain length of thiophene ring, the oxidation potential could be decreased.
Effect of Enteral Nutrition Formula on Fat Absorption and Serum Free Fatty Acid Profiles in Rat with Short‐Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Zhou Jian‐Nong , Tan Li , Wang Xue‐Hao , Ju Huang‐Xian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of enteral nutrition containing long chain triglycerides (LCT) and medium chain triglycerides (MCT) orL‐arginine (Arg) on fat absorbability, serum free fatty acid profiles and intestinal morphology in rats with short‐bowel syndrome (SBS) were studied using gas chromatography. Twenty‐eight Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups:sham operation fed with LCT as control; 85% small bowel resection fed with LCT, MCT/LCT, and Arg/LCT, respectively. SBS rats showed a decrease of fat absorptivity. Enteral nutrition supplemented with MCT could increase fat absorptivity.L‐Arginine enhanced enteral nutrition was associated with the elevation of fat absorptivity, possibly due to its enterotrophic effect on remnant small bowel mucosa. LCT group showed a significant deficiency of total free fatty acid and the decreased essential fatty acid content, which was improved in other two SBS groups.
Azo‐coupling Decarboxylation Reaction of α‐Carboxy Ketene Dithioacetals in Water–a New Route to 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐butadienes
Authors: Xu Xian‐Xiu , Wang Mang , Liu Qun , Pan Ling , Zhao Yu‐Long 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUnder basic conditions, a series of 4,4‐dialkylthio‐1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐butadienes were synthesized in good to excellent yields via a novel azo‐coupling decarboxylation reaction by reacting α‐carboxyl ketene dithioacetals with aryldiazonium salts in aqueous medium.
Development of individually distinct recognition cues
Authors: Mateo Jill M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDespite extensive research on the functions of kin recognition, little is known about ontogenetic changes in the cues mediating such recognition. In Belding's ground squirrels,Spermophilus beldingi, secretions from oral glands are both individually distinct and kin distinct, and function in social recognition across many contexts. Behavioral studies of recognition and kin preferences suggest that these cues may change across development, particularly around the time of weaning and emergence from natal burrows (around 25 days of age). I used an habituation‐discrimination task with captiveS. beldingi, presenting subjects with odors collected from a pair of pups at several ages across early development. I found that at 21 days of age, but not at 7 or 14, young produce detectable odors. Odors are not individually distinct, however, until 28 days of age, after young have emerged from their burrows and begun foraging. In addition, an individual's odor continues to develop after emergence: odors produced by an individual at 20 and 40 days of age are perceived as dissimilar, yet odors produced at 28 and 40 days are treated as similar. Developmental changes in odors provide a proximate explanation for whyS. beldingilittermate preferences are not consolidated until after natal emergence, and demonstrate that conspecifics must update their recognition templates as young develop. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 48: 508–519, 2006.
In uniparental Phodopus sungorus, new mothers, and fathers present during the birth of their offspring, are the only hamsters that readily consume fresh placenta
Authors: Gregg Jennifer K. , Wynne‐Edwards Katherine E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPlacentophagia is common among parturient female mammals but non‐parturient females generally refuse placenta. Biparental male dwarf hamsters (Phodopus campbelli) readily consume placenta. The present study quantified placentophagia and liver acceptance in the closely related Siberian hamster P. sungorus in which males do not participate in the birth and are not responsive to a displaced pup. Sexually naïve P. sungorus males and females refused both placenta and liver (all groups <10%). Reproductive females specifically consumed placenta on the day before (G17), and the day of, parturition (G18) (>80%). Males rejected both tissues on G17 and accepted placenta soon after the birth (G18) (80%) only if they were present during the birth. Palatability of the placenta was not responsible for the species difference as P. campbelli accepted P. sungorus placenta. Results are consistent with a neophobic reaction to both placenta (conspecific or heterospecific) and liver as P. sungorus also rejected P. campbelli placenta. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 48: 528–536, 2006.