bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of volatile versus intravenous anesthesia on oxygenation and hemodynamic response during thoracotomy with one-lung ventilation
Authors: Mohamed Sherin Abd Elazim , ELsayed Goda Ruqaya M. 
Published: March 2024

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of total intravenous anesthesia by propofol and ketamine (ketofol) versus that of inhalational anesthetic technique using sevoflurane on oxygenation and hemodynamics before, during, and after one-lung ventilation (OLV) in adults undergoing thoracic surgery.

Patients and methods
Twenty-eight patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists) II–III were undergoing thoracic surgery requiring OLV. Each patient was randomly allocated to one of two groups: ketofol group, in which induction was performed with 1% propofol 1.5–2.5 mg/kg, with ketamine 1 mg/kg and, in the second group (sevoflurane), 8% sevoflurane. Fentanyl 2 μg/kg and cisatracurium 0.1 mg/kg was administered to both groups. Anesthesia was maintained with ketamine and propofol in the ketofol group and 2% sevoflurane in the sevoflurane group.

Results
Arterial blood gas analysis, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane were noted in the sevoflurane group. In patients receiving ketofol, fentanyl requirements were decreased when compared with the sevoflurane group. However, the total dose of phenylephrine was greater in patients receiving sevofluran when compared with those receiving ketofol (5 µg/kg/patient vs. 1.1 µg/kg/patient). Mean arterial pressure was reduced during the course of OLV in both groups, as compared with levels found before OLV (P<0.05). Sevoflurane anesthesia induced a significant reduction in heart rate, whereas no significant difference in heart rate was found in the ketofol group. Initiation of OLV caused a significant decrease in PaO2 and SpO2 in both groups, especially in the sevoflurane group, as compared with the ketofol group.

Conclusions
The combination of ketamine and propofol anesthesia has a relatively mild influence on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and more hemodynamic stability compared with conventional inhalational anesthetics with sevoflurane for OLV anesthesia.
Serum mir-30e and mir-223 as novel noninvasive biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: El Bagoury Iman M. , Al Ramly Amal M. , El Ghonimy Abd Elaty M. , Farrag Enas A. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer that accounts for 7% of all cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with ∼600,000 new cases per year, and it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths alone.

Aim
The aim of this work was to study the clinical utility of miR-30e and miR-223 as early novel biomarkers for HCC in chronic viral hepatitis patients.

Patients and methods
In this study, we tested two serum microRNAs (miRNAs), 223 and 30e, that can be used as potential biomarkers to diagnose HCC. A total of 55 patients were divided into three groups. Group I included 20 newly diagnosed patients with HCC on top of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The HCC group included 11 male patients and nine female patients with ages ranging from 55 to 65 years. Liver masses discovered on surveillance by abdominal ultrasound were further investigated by triphasic abdominal computed tomographic scan. Group II included 20 patients of chronic hepatitis C virus with no HCC (10 male patients and 10 female patients), with ages ranging from 53 to 63 years. Group III included 15 apparently healthy participants as a control group (five male individuals and 10 female individuals), with ages ranging from 55 to 61 years and who were selected from relatives and friends. The samples were analyzed by quantitative real time PCR to detect both miRNAs.

Result
Our study revealed that both miRNAs, 30e and 223, were expressed at significantly lower levels in the sera of patients with HCC compared with healthy participants.

Conclusion
Expression levels of miR-30e and miR-223 were reduced in HCC sera; they have potential as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis of HCC, with high specificity and sensitivity for miR-30e, although with moderate sensitivity and high specificity for miR-223.
Success factors of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal and upper ureteric calculi in adults
Authors: Elmasry Hoda A. , Edris Ayman M. , Khalifa Mohammed K. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is considered the first-line treatment for most patients with renal and ureteric calculi, as it is safe and noninvasive.

Objective
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the most significant factors that influence the success rate of ESWL for renal and upper ureteric calculi in adults.

Patients and methods
This randomized prospective study for adult patients more than or equal to 18 years old included 50 patients with renal stone less than or equal to 2 cm and 50 patients with upper ureteric stone less than or equal to 2 cm. The included patients were treated with ESWL at Al-Zahraa University Hospital and National Institute of Urology and Nephrology between August 2018 and July 2019. Patients with multiple ipsilateral stones, bleeding disorders, impaired renal function, congenital abnormalities, untreated urinary tract infections, have BMI more than 30 kg/m2, pregnant women, and patients with radiolucent stones were excluded from the study. P value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as the level of significance.

Results
The overall success of ESWL was 86 (86%), including 81 (94.2%) patients who had total stone clearance. The other five patients had Steinstrasse after the first session. The success rate of ESWL in males was 92.6% compared with 78.3% in females (P=0.040). The success rate of ESWL in patients with stent was 66.77%, whereas the success rate of ESWL in patients without stent was 90.2%, with P value 0.009. The success rate of ESWL in stone density more than 1000 HU was 80.8%, whereas the success rate of ESWL in stone density less than or equal to 1000 HU was 96.97%, with P value of 0.027.

Conclusion
ESWL should be considered a first-line therapy for treatment in patients with upper urinary tract calculi with density less than or equal to 1000 HU and size up to 20 mm. Stenting should be considered in certain cases when indicated.
Role of intraductal antibiotic in preventing cholangitis in post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography patients
Authors: Ibrahim Fatma M. , Abd Elhamed Sally S. , Mahmoud Asem A. , Abdel Rahman Eman M. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Acute cholangitis is one of the most serious life-threatening post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) complications. Some have suggested that bacteria may play a role in the induction of post-ERCP cholangitis. Routine prophylactic systemic antibiotic use has an important role in reducing post-ERCP bacteremia. However, the beneficial effects of antibiotic use on preventing post-ERCP cholangitis are unclear.

Aim
The aim of the study was to assess post-ERCP cholangitis after intraductal antibiotic therapy in patients with obstructive jaundice.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 60 Egyptian patients presented with obstructive jaundice who undergo elective ERCP procedure. In all, 20 patients received prophylactic intraductal 1 g ceftriaxone in contrast media; 20 patients received prophylactic intravenous ceftriaxone and 20 patients did not receive antibiotics. Pre-ERCP and post-ERCP laboratory tests and imaging were used to assess post-ERCP cholangitis. The study endpoint was developing cholangitis within 72 h after ERCP.

Results
There was highly significant increase in post-ERCP cholangitis in patients who did not receive antibiotics in comparison to other groups.

Conclusion
The use of prophylactic antibiotic prior to elective ERCP has a significant role in decreasing the frequency of post-ERCP cholangitis.
Bovine lactoferrin in preterm labor with sterile inflammation
Authors: Elmenam Hend S.A. , Farouk Mohammed H. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Preterm delivery (PTD) that occurs before the 37th week of gestation complicates 10% of all pregnancies. Iron deficiency, iron-deficiency anemia, and inflammatory processes either related to infection or sterile inflammatory response represent risk factors for PTD (Genc and Ford, 2010). Bovine lactoferrin (BLF), an emerging important regulator of iron and inflammatory homeostasis, can represent a new therapeutic approach for PTD, with significant improvement of maternal serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) after oral administration.

Aim
The goal of the study was to evaluate the role of BLF in preventing PTD associated with sterile inflammation between the gestational age of 28 and 34 weeks.

Patients and methods
The study was carried out at Al Zahra University Hospital at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, including 50 patients, with single pregnancy, no previous preterm birth, gestational age between 28 and 34 weeks, rhythmic uterine contraction (three to five contraction in 10 min; every one last from 40 to 60 s), cervical dilation of 2–4 cm and cervical effacement of ∼50–80% by local pelvic examination, and cervical length 2–3 cm and/or funneling by ultrasound. On admission, all patients were given 100 mg BLF and subjected to withdrawal of 5-ml blood, and samples were sent to Clinical Pathology Department to detect IL-6 before and after BLF intake.

Results
Oral BLF administration blocked further shortening of cervical length and prolonged pregnancy. This prospective study provides strong evidence for a role of BLF in PTD treatment, thus extending the therapeutic potential of this multifunctional protein.

Conclusion
Determination of maternal serum IL-6 may be useful for management of patients with preterm labor, and BLF can represent a new therapeutic approach of PTD.
Posterior tibial nerve stimulation vs trospium chloride in treatment of overactive bladder in elderly women
Authors: Elshora Islam A. , Soliman Amany A. , Ali Sayeda I. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
This study aimed to assess the outcome of posterior tibial nerve (PTN) stimulation vs trospium chloride in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) in elderly women regarding safety and efficacy.

Patients and methods
A prospective randomized study was done on 30 postmenopausal women presented with OAB symptoms (wet or dry) in Al-Zahraa University Hospital from March 2019 to March 2020. Patients were classified into two groups. Group Ι included 15 patients who received trospium chloride. Group ΙΙ included 15 patients who were managed by percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS). The authors compared the patients in both groups for OAB symptoms (urgency, frequency, nocturia, and urge urinary incontinence) at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and for urodynamic parameters at the beginning and the end of treatment.

Results
There was a statistically significant improvement regarding OAB symptoms and urodynamic parameters at the end of the treatment, with no significant difference between both groups. However, the adverse effects were observed mainly with trospium chloride group (dry mouth, constipation, and headache), which were not detected in the PTNS group.

Conclusion
The authors concluded that trospium chloride and PTN stimulation had the same effect in the treatment of OAB symptoms, and the two lines of treatment are effective and can be used safely in patients with OAB syndrome. However, PTNS is safe, and associated with significant improvement of OAB symptoms, with no significant adverse effect in comparison with trospium chloride, which led to discontinuation of treatment. However, initial studies showed promise. A more comprehensive evaluation of PTNS is needed to support its universal use for the treatment of OAB syndrome.
Trichoscopy of diseases leading to cicatricial alopecia
Authors: Kamel Abeer M. , Kamel Radwa O. , Amer Amina A.F.A.M. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Scarring alopecias show loss of follicular ostia or atrophy. Clinical inflammation is frequently, but not always, present. Histologic inflammation may be present. Ultimately, histologic confirmation is the best method to confirm the presence of a fibrosing/scarring process with loss of hair follicles.

Objective
The aim was to identify possible characteristic trichoscopic patterns of diseases leading to primary cicatricial alopecia.

Patients and methods
Trichoscopy was carried out on 100 Egyptian patients clinically diagnosed to have cicatricial alopecia. Patients were randomly recruited from the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic, Al Zahraa University Hospital. Patients were categorized according to the cause of primary cicatricial alopecia into eight groups.

Results
In this study, the authors had 100 patients. The authors reached the final diagnosis by clinical examination in 83 patients, and 17 patients had a differential diagnosis by clinical examination. When the authors applied the trichoscope on 100 patients, the authors reached the final diagnosis in 98 of them, and two patients still had a differential diagnosis by trichoscopy, so the authors did biopsy for those two patients, and histopathological examination resulted in the final diagnosis.

Conclusion
This study confirms that a handheld trichoscope is a very efficient and simple diagnostic tool of cicatricial alopecia.
Single eye surgery by hang-back recession vs muscle transplantation in large-angle esotropia
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed M.R. , Ahmed Mahmoud M. , El Sayed Sayed M. 
Published: March 2024

Background
A two horizontal muscle surgery cannot treat a very large angle of esotropia of more than 80 prism diopters (pd). A single eye surgery would not correct such a large angle. Supramaximal recession and resection would lead to restriction of ocular motility. True muscle transplantations have been tried for this abnormally wide-angle esotropia.

Purpose
The aim was to compare monocular surgery by hang-back recession vs muscle transplantation, regarding the technique, the expected results, and the possibility of minimizing the risk of complications, such as scleral perforation and a lost or slipped muscle.

Patients and methods
The study is a prospective and nonrandomized study that was held at the Ophthalmology Department, Al-Azhar University Hospitals, Egypt, during the period between May 2016 and May 2018 on 30 patients presenting with esotropia. A total of 15 patients had undergone medial rectus recession using the hang-back technique and 15 patients had undergone medial rectus recession with muscle transplantation. Conjunctival recession was done at the end of surgery, and lateral rectus resection was done in both groups. Their ages ranged from 4 to 58 years. Overall, 19 patients were males and 11 were females.

Results
There were nonstatistically significant differences between the two groups in all the follow-up visits.

Conclusion
True muscle transplantation is a safe alternative option and as effective as hang-back technique for large-angle esotropia. The procedure is stable in the long term, with some motility limitation in maximum adduction.
25-hydroxyvitamin D status and bone mineral density in Egyptian patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Fadl Amira M. , Hassan Zeinab A. , Basyouni Atef A. , Mohamed Doaa S. , Emara Ibrahim A. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Vitamin D deficiency and diabetes mellitus are two common situations. Type 1 diabetes has been inconsistently associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk.

Aim
To assess serum vitamin D levels in relation to BMD in a sample of young Egyptian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Patients and methods
A case–control study was conducted on 90 participants, including 60 patients who were known to have type 1 diabetes and 30 age-matched, sex-matched, and BMI-matched healthy participants. Fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25(OH) vitamin D, and intact parathyroid hormone were measured. Left femur BMD and lumbar spine (L1–L4) BMD were measured by dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry.

Results
Mean values of vitamin D level and BMD were significantly lower in the patient than the control group. In the patient group, vitamin D deficiency and low BMD were found in 90.7 and 26.7%, respectively. In the patient group, a significant correlation was found between BMD Z-score at lumbar spine and left femur and fasting plasma glucose, postprandial, and HbA1c but not with vitamin D levels. A multivariate regression analysis was performed including different significant parameters, and only HbA1c was significantly correlated with left femur and spine BMD.

Conclusion
HbA1c is the only predictable variable for reduction of BMD in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Comparative study between ultrasound versus fluoroscopy-guided access during percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Elhashash Mahmoud M. , Fathi Basem A. , Awad Refaat M. 
Published: March 2024

Aim
To evaluate percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) guided by ultrasound (UG) versus fluoroscopy (FG) comparing both techniques regarding operative time, success, and complication rates.

Patients and methods
This is a randomized study that was carried out from March 2019 to February 2020 on 50 patients divided into two groups: group I included 25 patients who were guided by fluoroscopy, and group II included 25 patients who were guided by ultrasound.

Results
Stone-free rate was 88% in group I (FG PCNL), whereas it was 72% in group II (UG PCNL). Mean operative time was 90 min in group I (FG PCNL) compared with 97 min in group II (UG PCNL), with P value 0.001. The complications were intraoperative bleeding in six (24%) patients in group I (FG PCNL) and two (8%) patients in group II (UG PCNL), and postoperative fever in four (16%) patients in group I (FG PCNL) compared with two (8%) patients in group II (UG PCNL), with P value 0.051.

Conclusion
PCNL under US guidance is accompanied by high success rates with few complications, similar to that of fluoroscopy-guided PCNL, with decrease exposure to radiation.
Serum markers of iron metabolism in chronic hepatitis C virus infections
Authors: Diab Rania I. , El-Hagrasy Hanan A. , Mourad Fatma A. , Bahgat Seham 
Published: March 2024

Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common cause of chronic hepatitis, which leads to cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic hepatitis can cause iron buildup in the liver and result in liver injury. The major iron metabolism regulator, the hepatic hormone hepcidin, inhibits iron absorption and recycling, and as hepcidin is suppressed by the virus, it contributes to the pathogenesis of the liver.

Aim
To assess serum iron markers in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) as opposed to people who are healthy and a summary of interactions of HCV and iron overload.

Patients and methods
This case–control study was performed on 30 hepatitis C-infected Egyptian patients (group I) and 15 apparently healthy control (group II). Routine laboratory investigations, as well as serum hepcidin and iron marker assessments were performed.

Results
Throughout this study, the serum hepcidin level in patients significantly decreased relative to the control group (P<0.001). The patients showed significantly higher serum iron, transferrin saturation, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase compared with the control group (P<0.001). Serum albumin in patients’ group was considerably decreased in comparison with the control (P<0.05). There was a highly statistically significant lower platelet count value in patients compared with the control group (P<0.001). The interaction between hepcidin and iron, transferrin, and alanine aminotransferase is significantly negative.

Conclusion
Hepatic iron deposition is a joint feature in patients with CHC. Chronic HCV infection may reduce serum hepcidin, which may lead to iron overload in these patients. So hepcidin is a surrogate marker for evaluation of iron overload in patients with CHC.
Amazon product recommendation system based on a modified convolutional neural network
Authors: Latha Yarasu Madhavi , Rao B. Srinivasa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn e‐commerce platforms, sentiment analysis on an enormous number of user reviews efficiently enhances user satisfaction. In this article, an automated product recommendation system is developed based on machine and deep‐learning models. In the initial step, the text data are acquired from the Amazon Product Reviews dataset, which includes 60 000 customer reviews with 14 806 neutral reviews, 19 567 negative reviews, and 25 627 positive reviews. Further, the text data denoising is carried out using techniques such as stop word removal, stemming, segregation, lemmatization, and tokenization. Removing stop‐words (duplicate and inconsistent text) and other denoising techniques improves the classification performance and decreases the training time of the model. Next, vectorization is accomplished utilizing the term frequency–inverse document frequency technique, which converts denoised text to numerical vectors for faster code execution. The obtained feature vectors are given to the modified convolutional neural network model for sentiment analysis on e‐commerce platforms. The empirical result shows that the proposed model obtained a mean accuracy of 97.40% on the APR dataset.
Analisis Biaya Ekonomi Serta Dampak Lingkungan Penggunaan Gasoline dan Biofuel Sebagai Bahan Bakar Transportasi
Authors: Dinanti Prisila , Sundari Sri , Laksmono Rudy , Ramadhan Try Ridho , Sianipar Leo 
Published: March 2024

Global warming is not the newest issue we are facing. Until now, the issue of global warming is still a topic of discussion among world-class researchers. Global warming is the increase in the earth's temperature or the average temperature of the atmosphere, sea and earth's land that we are experiencing today. The amount of carbon obtained at this time is the result of industrial, transportation, household and commercial activities in the use of energy consumption. In order to suppress rising temperatures, the government has made the decision to continue its commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by taking a number of strategic steps in the management of the energy, transportation and energy sectors. The government's strategy in the transportation sector is to transition oil-fueled vehicles into electric motorized vehicles. The strategic step to reduce fossil energy consumption is to increase the production of environmentally friendly energy such as bioethanol. However, mixing bioethanol as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel faces problems. Related to the obstacles that become obstacles due to the relatively high cost of bioethanol production, resistance from local entrepreneurs, and limited supply. This writing is by applying the Literature Review method. Literature review contains descriptions of theories, findings and other research materials derived from reference materials as the basis for research activities. In terms of economic and environmental aspects, the use of bioethanol in vehicle fuel can be an alternative solution that must be continuously developed and produced.
Keywords: Biofuels, Economic Costs, Gasoline, GHG Emissions, Environment.