bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Newborn Screening for Succinylacetone, Amino Acids, and Acylcarnitines in Dried Blood Spots
Authors: Turgeon Coleman , Magera Mark J , Allard Pierre , Tortorelli Silvia , Gavrilov Dimitar , Oglesbee Devin , Raymond Kimiyo , Rinaldo Piero , Matern Dietrich 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Background: Tyrosinemia type I (TYR 1) is a disorder causing early death if left untreated. Newborn screening (NBS) for this condition is problematic because determination of the diagnostic marker, succinylacetone (SUAC), requires a separate first-tier or only partially effective second-tier analysis based on tyrosine concentration. To overcome these problems, we developed a new assay that simultaneously determines acylcarnitines (AC), amino acids (AA), and SUAC in dried blood spots (DBS) by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).
Methods: We extracted 3/16-inch DBS punches with 300 μL methanol containing AA and AC stable isotope-labeled internal standards. This extract was derivatized with butanol-HCl. In parallel, we extracted SUAC from the residual filter paper with 100 μL of a 15 mmol/L hydrazine solution containing the internal standard 13C5-SUAC. We combined the derivatized aliquots in acetonitrile for MS/MS analysis of AC and AA with additional SRM experiments for SUAC (m/z 155–137) and 13C5-SUAC (m/z 160–142). Analysis time was 1.2 min.
Results: SUAC was increased in retrospectively analyzed NBS samples of 11 TYR 1 patients (length of storage, 52 months to 1 week; SUAC range, 13–81 μmol/L), with Tyr concentrations ranging from 65 to 293 μmol/L in the original NBS analysis. The mean concentration of SUAC in 13 521 control DBS was 1.25 μmol/L.
Conclusion: The inclusion of SUAC analysis into routine analysis of AC and AA allows for rapid and cost-effective screening for TYR 1 with no tangible risk of false-negative results.
Large-Scale Model Footing Tests on Geogrid-Reinforced Foundation and Marginal Embankment Soils
Authors: Abu-Farsakh Murad , Chen Qiming , Sharma Radhey , Zhang Xiong 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
This paper aims at investigating the behavior of foundations on geogrid-reinforced silty clay marginal embankment soil. For this purpose, a total of six large-scale field tests were conducted using a reinforced concrete model footing with dimensions of 457 mm by 457 mm. The parameters investigated in this study included the number of reinforcement layers, the vertical spacing between layers, and the tensile modulus of reinforcement. The effect of reinforcement on the vertical stress distribution in the soil and the strain distribution along the reinforcement were also investigated. The test results showed that the inclusion of geogrid reinforcements results in increasing the soil’s bearing capacity and reducing the footing settlement. The reinforcement benefits improve with the increase in number and tensile modulus of geogrids and with the decrease in layers’ spacing. The inclusion of reinforcements helps in redistributing the applied load to a wider area. The test results also showed that the developed strain along the geogrids is directly related to the footing settlement.
Red Gravy
Authors: roahen sara 
Published: February 2008

The tradition of celebrating Saint Joseph's Day every March 19 is strong among New Orleanians at large, and especially those New Orleanians of Italian and Sicilian heritage. Altars, elaborate and modest, are erected in churches and in private homes; sesame-sprinkled, almond-flavored, and fig-filled cookies are baked by the thousands. La festa di San Giuseppe (the feast of Saint Joseph) is prepared citywide, always including meatless pasta Milanese and breadcrumb-stuffed artichokes. Lucky dried fava beans are gathered by the faithful and the superstitious, both of whom believe that keeping a lucky bean in a wallet or pocketbook will keep them in good fortune until the following March 19.
In this excerpt from Gumbo Tales: Finding My Place at the New Orleans Table, Sara Roahen describes her own experiences with New Orleans' Saint Joseph's Day customs, beginning with the story of Ernest Hansen's final trip to a Saint Joseph altar, just days before his death, and concluding with the Fagot family. Marie Fagot had worked on altars to the saint for fifty consecutive years until Hurricane Katrina and the eventual failure of the federal levee system interrupted her momentum and destroyed her Lakeview neighborhood home. In Marie's story, Roahen finds a microcosm of Katrina-related suffering, and also the inspiration to look ahead.
At Supper with Leonardo
Authors: varriano john 
Published: February 2008

Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper may be the most famous dinner party of all time, yet for all its fame and familiarity, scant notice has ever been taken of the food that is set before Christ and his disciples. Only after the fresco was cleaned in 1997 has it been possible to see what for centuries had been obscured beneath the accretions of overpaint, varnish, and grime. The meal being consumed turns out to be not bread or pascal lamb as once thought, but grilled eel garnished with orange slices.
Among the thousands of pages of notes that Leonardo made over the course of his lifetime are a dozen grocery receipts that call for "peppered bread, eels, and apricots" among other things. This article attempts to relate the meal depicted in the Last Supper to Leonardo's own dining habits as well to a recipe given in the most influential cookbook of the period, Platina's On Right Pleasure and Good Health (1470). That Leonardo owned a copy of this book and even expressed admiration for its author is cited as evidence that the Last Supper foreswore conventional iconography in order to depict the nouvelle cuisine of his day.
Safe Disposal of One Million Barrels of NORM in Louisiana Through Slurry Fracture Injection
Authors: Reed A. C. , Mathews J. L. , Bruno M. S. , Olmstead S. E. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
During the past 50 years, storage pits and adjacent land around the Bay Marchand facility near Port Fourchon, Louisiana, had accumulated large deposits of non-hazardous drilling and production waste containing naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). This material primarily included drill cuttings, drilling mud, produced sand, saltwater, pipe scale, crude oil and precipitates. To remediate this site, Chevron chose to re-inject the material into the deep subsurface through on-site Slurry Fracture Injection (SFI). This process provided greater environmental security than alternative surface pit or landfill disposal, and at much lower cost than off-site transport and disposal options.
More than 1 million barrels of pit soil and canal bottoms was safely disposed into a single well during two years of injection concluding in March 2000. Solid waste was mixed with water to create a slurry and injected down-hole above formation parting pressure into a weakly consolidated sandstone formation at depths from 4400 to 5000 feet. Injection operations were episodic, generally taking place for 11 hours per day, 5 days per week. This allowed formation pressure to decline each day to initial reservoir pressure. The project was designed and extensively monitored to maintain and verify containment within the permitted interval. Downhole pressure was continuously monitored, allowing analysis of daily fall-off pressure. Waste containment was confirmed through a combination of shut-in pressure analysis, periodic step-rate tests, and periodic gamma logs and temperature surveys.
In addition to improved environmental protection provided by this technology, the on-site operation was a fraction of offsite disposal costs to Chevron. This paper describes the project design and permitting, injection operations, containment monitoring and analysis, and project economics.
Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Neuropeptide Y in Noradrenergic Neurons
Authors: Ruohonen Suvi T. , Pesonen Ullamari , Moritz Niko , Kaipio Katja , Röyttä Matias , Koulu Markku , Savontaus Eriika 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—A functional polymorphism leucine 7 proline in the human neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene leading to increased NPY release from sympathetic nerves is associated with traits of metabolic syndrome. Although hypothalamic NPY neurons play an established role in promoting positive energy balance, the role of NPY colocalized with norepinephrine in sympathetic nervous system and brain noradrenergic neurons remains obscure.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—To clarify the role of NPY in noradrenergic neurons, we generated a transgenic mouse overexpressing NPY under dopamine–β-hydroxylase promoter and characterized the metabolic phenotype of the OE-NPYDβH mouse.
RESULTS—NPY levels are increased by 1.3-fold in adrenal glands and 1.8-fold in the brainstem but not in the hypothalamus in OE-NPYDβH mice. They display increased white adipose tissue mass and cellularity and liver triglyceride accumulation without hyperphagia or increased body weight. Hyperinsulinemia and impaired glucose tolerance develop by the age of 6 months in the OE-NPYDβH mice. Furthermore, circulating ghrelin is significantly increased in comparison with wild-type mice.
CONCLUSIONS—The present study shows that even a moderate increase in NPY levels in noradrenergic neurons leads to disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism. The OE-NPYDβH mouse is an interesting new model to investigate the pathophysiology of some key components of the cluster of abnormalities characterizing the metabolic syndrome.
Rab GTPase-Activating Protein AS160 Is a Major Downstream Effector of Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells
Authors: Bouzakri Karim , Ribaux Pascale , Tomas Alejandra , Parnaud Geraldine , Rickenbach Katharina , Halban Philippe A. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE— Protein kinase B/Akt plays a central role in β-cells, but little is known regarding downstream Akt substrates in these cells. Recently, Rab GTPase-activating protein AS160, a substrate of Akt, was shown to be involved in insulin modulation of GLUT4 trafficking in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and potential role of AS160 in β-cells.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— AS160 mRNA expression was measured in mouse and human islets and fluorescence-activated cell sorted β-cells and compared in islets from control subjects versus individuals with type 2 diabetes. For knockdown experiments, transformed mouse insulin-secreting MIN6B1 cells were transfected with pSUPER-GFP plasmid encoding a small hairpin RNA against insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2, AS160, or a negative control. Primary mouse islet cells were transfected with AS160 small interfering RNA.
RESULTS— AS160 was expressed in human and mouse pancreatic β-cells and phosphorylated after glucose stimulation. AS160 mRNA expression was downregulated in pancreatic islets from individuals with type 2 diabetes. In MIN6B1 cells, glucose induced phosphorylation of Akt and AS160, and this was mediated by insulin receptor/IRS-2/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase independently of changes in cytosolic Ca2+. Knockdown of AS160 resulted in increased basal insulin secretion, whereas glucose-stimulated insulin release was abolished. Furthermore, β-cells with decreased AS160 showed increased apoptosis and loss of glucose-induced proliferation.
CONCLUSIONS— This study shows for the first time that AS160, previously recognized as a key player in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, is also a major effector of protein kinase B/Akt signaling in the β-cell.
Anemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: O'Mara Neeta Bahal 
Published: February 2008

In Brief
Diabetes is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anemia is a frequent complication of CKD. This article reviews the treatment of anemia in patients with CKD. Topics include the prevalence of anemia in this population, causes and impact of anemia in these patients, target hemoglobin goals, treatment and monitoring, and causes of hyporesponse to anemia treatment.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Tomasello Sarah 
Published: February 2008

In BriefSecondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) describes a complex alteration in bone and mineral metabolism that occurs as a direct result of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Bone disease, a well-recognized complication of SHPT,represents only a small concern in light of the evidence that correlates SHPT with cardiovascular disease and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. Patients with mild CKD may be asymptomatic and therefore may not be identified until the pathology of SHPT has begun. Identifying patients at risk and evaluating for SHPT is imperative because early intervention may slow or arrest the progression of both bone and cardiac disease. Dietary concerns, pharmacotherapy, and patient adherence are all important considerations in creating a successful treatment plan.
Canine and human factors related to dog bite injuries
Authors: Shuler Carrie M. , DeBess Emilio E. , Lapidus Jodi A. , Hedberg Katrina 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To identify physical traits of biting dogs and characteristics of injured persons and dog owners associated with bite situations for use in public health prevention activities.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Study Population—Licensed dog and dog bite report data from June 30, 2002, to July 1, 2003, that were obtained from Animal Control Services of Multnomah County, Oregon.
Procedures—To determine the canine and human factors associated with dog bite injuries, the number of bites, dog and injured person characteristics, and the overall canine population were evaluated. Dog owner characteristics at the block group level were defined by use of geographic information system software through 2000 census information based on place of residence.
Results—During the study period, 636 dog bites were reported to Animal Control Services, and 47,526 dogs were licensed in Multnomah County. Risk factors associated with biting dogs included breed (terrier, working, herding, and nonsporting breeds), being a sexually intact male, and purebred status. Male children aged 5 to 9 years had the highest rate of injury (178 bites/100,000 children). Biting dogs were more likely than nonbiting dogs to live in neighborhoods where the residents' median incomes were less than the county median income value ($41,278).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dog bites continue to be a source of preventable injury. Prevention programs should target owners of sexually intact male and purebred dogs and owners who live in lower income neighborhoods.
Cardiac output and other hemodynamic variables in anesthetized dogs undergoing laparotomy because of abdominal neoplasia
Authors: Wagner Ann E. , Miyake Yukari 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To measure cardiac output and other hemodynamic variables in anesthetized dogs undergoing laparotomy because of abdominal neoplasia.
Design—Prospective case series.
Animals—8 dogs with splenic or hepatic tumors.
Procedures—Dogs were anesthetized and underwent abdominal laparotomy. End-tidal isoflurane concentration, heart rate, arterial blood pressures, cardiac output, arterial pH, blood gas partial pressures, PCV, and plasma total protein concentration were measured at set intervals before, during, and after surgery. Cardiac index, stroke index, and systemic vascular resistance index were calculated.
Results—End-tidal isoflurane concentration was lowest before and after surgery. Heart rate did not change significantly throughout the anesthetic period. Arterial blood pressures and systemic vascular resistance index were highest shortly after surgery began; cardiac index and stroke volume index did not change significantly during surgery but increased significantly after surgery ended.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that in dogs undergoing laparotomy because of abdominal neoplasia, changes in arterial blood pressures were not necessarily indicative of qualitatively similar changes in cardiac index.
Prevalence of hemangiosarcoma in anemic dogs with a splenic mass and hemoperitoneum requiring a transfusion: 71 cases (2003–2005)
Authors: Hammond Tara N. , Pesillo-Crosby S. Anna 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine prevalence of splenic hemangiosarcoma in anemic dogs with a splenic mass and hemoperitoneum requiring a transfusion and to identify factors that could differentiate between dogs with hemangiosarcoma and dogs with other splenic masses at the time of hospital admission.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—71 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records, blood bank logs, and histologic reports of dogs with a splenic mass and hemoperitoneum that required a transfusion between 2003 and 2005 were reviewed. Dogs that received a transfusion of packed RBCs, were splenectomized, and had a definitive histologic diagnosis were included.
Results—Signalment of dogs was similar to that in other reports. Malignant splenic neoplasia was identified in 54 of 71 (76.1%) dogs, whereas 17 of 71 (23.9%) dogs had a benign splenic lesion. Of 54 dogs with malignant splenic neoplasia, 50 (92.6% [70.4% of all dogs]) had splenic hemangiosarcoma. In addition, dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma had significantly lower total solids (TS) concentrations and platelet counts at admission. Finally, hemoperitoneum was strongly associated with a diagnosis of splenic hemangiosarcoma.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this clinical population of dogs, prevalence of hemangiosarcoma was higher than in other studies. Dogs with hemangiosarcoma in this study had significantly lower TS concentrations and platelet counts at the time of admission, compared with values for dogs with other splenic masses. No other markers were useful in differentiating dogs with hemangiosarcoma. It is important to discuss the prevalence of and poor prognosis associated with hemangiosarcoma with owners when they are contemplating whether to proceed with treatment.
Assessment of necropsy findings in sled dogs that died during Iditarod Trail sled dog races: 23 cases (1994–2006)
Authors: Dennis Michelle M. , Nelson Stuart N. , Cantor Glenn H. , Mosier Derek A. , Blake John E. , Basaraba Randall J. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To describe the character and frequency of causes of death and associated lesions in long-distance racing sled dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—23 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs that died during or soon after competition in the Iditarod Trail sled dog races (1994 through 2006) were examined for findings of gross necropsy and histologic evaluation of tissue samples. From the data, descriptive and comparative statistics were obtained.
Results—Recognized causes of death included aspiration of gastric contents (n = 4), aspiration pneumonia (4), acute blood loss secondary to gastric ulceration (3), and sled dog myopathy (2). A cause of death was not established for 7 dogs. Prevalent lesions among the study population included rhabdomyolysis (n = 15), enteritis (10), gastritis (10), aspiration pneumonia (8), and gastric ulceration (8). All dogs with aspiration pneumonia had concurrent gastric mucosal lesions. Subjective biventricular cardiac hypertrophy was evident in most dogs; other lesions detected frequently included centrilobular hepatic fibrosis, gastric dilatation, and mild cardiac myodegeneration and necrosis.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Unexpected death is a rare event among conditioned sled dogs during competition in endurance races. Potentially life-threatening conditions of dogs that are associated with periods of long-distance physical exertion include aspiration pneumonia, gastric mucosal lesions, and severe rhabdomyolysis. Dogs that develop clinical signs suggestive of these conditions should be excluded from strenuous activities. Epidemiologic investigations are required to clarify the risk for death associated with these lesions in dogs competing in endurance races.
Use of cecal bypass via side-to-side ileocolic anastomosis without ileal transection for treatment of cecocolic intussusception in three horses
Authors: Lores Marcos , Ortenburger Arthur I. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Case Description—3 horses were evaluated for signs of colic; cecocolic intussusception was detected.
Clinical Findings—Abnormalities detected included diminished intestinal sounds, inflammatory leukogram, dehydration, unremarkable findings via rectal palpation, and ultrasonographic evidence of large intestine intussusception. Laparotomy revealed cecocolic intussusception.
Treatment and Outcome—Cecal bypass via side-to-side ileocolic anastomosis without ileal transection was performed in each horse by use of an intraluminal anastomosis stapler device. Postoperative complications were minimal, and all horses recovered rapidly and were clinically normal at > 12 months after surgery.
Clinical Relevance—Cecal bypass via side-to-side ileocolic anastomosis without ileal transection seemed to offer 2 potential advantages over traditional surgical techniques for treating this condition. The risk of abdominal contamination was far less than with techniques in which the colotomy is needed to enable resection of the cecum or techniques in which the ileum is transected. Also, it was technically simpler to perform because there was no need to transect the ileum, oversew the ileal stump, perform cecal resection, or close the mesenteric space created by relocating the jejunal stump to the right ventral colon.
Evaluation of iron status in lemurs by analysis of serum iron and ferritin concentrations, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation
Authors: Williams Cathy V. , Junge Randall E. , Stalis Ilse H. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective—To assess serum iron and ferritin concentrations, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation as indicators of iron metabolic status in 3 genera of lemurs and determine whether these variables are useful for screening for iron overload.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—11 ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), 11 black lemurs (Eulemur macaco macaco), and 11 red-ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubra).
Procedures—Blood samples were collected weekly for 3 weeks and assayed for serum iron and ferritin concentrations and total iron-binding capacity. Liver biopsy specimens were evaluated histologically and assayed for total iron, nonheme iron, and trace mineral concentrations. Deposition of iron was scored on Prussian blue–stained slides.
Results—Hepatic iron content ranged from 497 to 12,800 Pg/g dry weight (median, 2,165 Pg/g). Differences were seen in mean hepatic iron content across genera, with ruffed lemurs having the highest concentrations and ring-tailed lemurs having the lowest. Iron accumulation in the liver was mild, and cellular pathologic changes associated with iron storage disease were not detected in any lemur. Ferritin concentration was the only variable that correlated significantly with hepatic iron content in all 3 genera of lemurs; however, both transferrin saturation and serum iron concentration were correlated with hepatic iron concentration in ring-tailed and ruffed lemurs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serum ferritin concentration was the only variable that was consistently correlated with hepatic iron content in all 3 genera. Mean hepatic iron content varied across genera, suggesting that the propensity for lemurs to develop iron overload in captivity may vary across taxa.