bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive transfusion in dogs: 15 cases (1997–2001)
Authors: Jutkowitz L. Ari , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Moreau Jennifer A. , Rush John E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical characteristics of dogs that received massive transfusion and identify the underlying diseases, complications, and outcomes.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—15 dogs.Procedure—Medical records of dogs receiving a massive blood transfusion were evaluated for transfusion volume, underlying disease process or injury, benefits and complications of transfusion, and outcome. A massive transfusion was defined as transfusion of a volume of blood products in excess of the patient's estimated blood volume (90 ml/kg [40 ml/lb]) in a 24-hour period or transfusion of a volume of blood products in excess of half the patient's estimated blood volume in a 3-hour period.Results—Six dogs had intra-abdominal neoplasia resulting in hemoabdomen, 3 had suffered a traumatic incident resulting in hemoabdomen, and 6 had nontraumatic, non-neoplastic blood loss. Mean volumes of packed RBC and fresh-frozen plasma administered were 66.5 ml/kg (30 ml/lb) and 22.2 ml/kg (10 ml/lb), respectively. All dogs evaluated developed low ionized calcium concentrations and thrombocytopenia. Transfusion reactions were recognized in 6 dogs. Four dogs survived to hospital discharge.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that massive transfusion is possible and potentially successful in dogs. Predictable changes in electrolyte concentrations and platelet count develop. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1664–1669)
Tenoscopic-assisted treatment of open digital flexor tendon sheath injuries in horses: 20 cases (1992–2001)
Authors: Frees Karl E. , Lillich James D. , Gaughan Earl M. , DeBowes Richard M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine history, physical and diagnostic examination findings, medical treatment, and outcome of horses with open injuries to the digital flexor tendon sheath treated with the assistance of tenoscopy.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—20 horses.Procedure—Medical records of 20 horses with open injuries to the digital flexor tendon sheath were reviewed. Signalment, history, physical and diagnostic examination results, bacteriologic culture and susceptibility testing results, surgical and medical treatments, and follow-up examination results were determined. Outcome was determined by use of telephone interview or physical examination.Results—All horses were treated with tenoscopicassisted lavage and débridement. Eighteen horses survived, and 2 were euthanatized during treatment. All horses were either grade-4 or grade-5 lame before treatment. Ten horses returned to previous use. Four horses were considered mildly lame and in athletic use. Three horses were considered mechanically lame and are in use with reduced expectations. One horse was lost to follow-up after being sold. One horse was euthanatized for financial reasons and 1 because of complications from regional sepsis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tenoscopy appears to be a useful modality in the treatment of open injury to the digital flexor tendon sheath in horses. Direct viewing, guided débridement, and targeted large-volume lavage are advantages obtained with intrathecal arthroscopy. Tenoscopy, when combined with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatment, appears to offer a good chance of survival for affected horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1823–1827)
Enrofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from dogs with urinary tract infections
Authors: Cooke Cara L. , Singer Randall S. , Jang Spencer S. , Hirsh Dwight C. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To assess the strain heterogeneity of
enrofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli associated with
urinary tract infections in dogs at a veterinary medical
teaching hospital (VMTH). In addition, strains from
other veterinary hospitals in California were compared
with the VMTH strains to assess the geographic
distribution of specific enrofloxacin-resistant E coli
isolates.

Design—Bacteriologic study.

Sample Population—56 isolates of E coli from urine
samples (43 isolates from dogs at the VMTH, 13 isolates
from dogs from other veterinary clinics in
California).

Procedures—Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was performed
on 56 isolates of E coli from urine samples from
56 dogs. All 56 isolates were tested for susceptibility to
amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, tetracycline,
trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, cephalexin, and
ampicillin. Enrofloxacin usage data from 1994 to 1998
were obtained from the VMTH pharmacy.

Results—Several strains of enrofloxacin-resistant
E coli were collected from urine samples from the
VMTH, and strains identical to those from the VMTH
were collected from other veterinary clinics in
California. For the isolates that did share similar DNA
banding patterns, variable antibiotic resistance profiles
were observed.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The
increased occurrence of enrofloxacin-resistant E
coli from urine samples from dogs at the VMTH
was not likely attributable to a single enrofloxacinresistant
clone but may be attributed to a collective
increase in enrofloxacin resistance among uropathogenic
E coli in dogs in general. (J Am Vet Med
Assoc 2002;220:190–192)
Detection of antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona in cerebrospinal fluid from clinically normal neonatal foals
Authors: Cook Anne Grimsley , Maxwell Virginia Buechner , Donaldson Lydia L. , Parker Nikola A. , Ward Daniel L. , Morrow Jennifer K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether antibodies againstSarcocystis neuronacould be detected in CSF from clinically normal neonatal (2 to 7 days old) and young (2 to 3 months old) foals.Design—Prospective study.Animals—15 clinically normal neonatal Thoroughbred foals.Procedure—Serum and CSF samples were obtained from foals at 2 to 7 days of age and tested for antibodies against S neurona by means of western blotting. Serum samples from the mares were also tested for antibodies againstS neurona. Additional CSF and blood samples were obtained from 5 foals between 13 and 41 days after birth and between 62 and 90 days after birth.Results—Antibodies againstS neuronawere detected in serum from 13 mares and their foals; antibodies againstS neuronawere detected in CSF from 12 of these 13 foals. Degree of immunoreactivity in serum and CSF decreased over time, and antibodies againstS neuronawere no longer detected in CSF from 2 foals 83 and 84 days after birth. However, antibodies could still be detected in CSF from the other 3 foals between 62 and 90 days after birth.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that antibodies againstS neuronacan be detected in CSF from clinically normal neonatal (2 to 7 days old) foals born to seropositive mares. This suggests that western blotting of CSF cannot be reliably used to diagnose equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in foals < 3 months of age born to seropositive mares. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:208–211)
Cost of distributing oral raccoon-variant rabies vaccine in Ohio: 1997–2000
Authors: Foroutan Pirouz , Meltzer Martin I. , Smith Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—Analysis of the cost of 8 distributions of oral rabies vaccine (ORV) with strains known to infect raccoons in Ohio between 1997 and 2000.Design—Original study.Procedure—Fishmeal bait containing ORV was distributed on foot, by vehicle, and by helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft. The cost of personnel, vehicles, and helicopter and aircraft use and other associated expenses were obtained from field records and interviews with personnel and agencies involved in the ORV program.Results—Each bait distribution lasted approximately 1 week. Areas baited ranged from 1,701 km2to 6,497 km2. Density varied for each distribution, with means of 79 baits/km2for ground baiting and 93 baits/km2for aerial baiting. Typically, 72 people participated in the ground portion of each distribution and 32 in the aerial portion. The cost of ground baiting (mean ± SD, $19.24/km2± $6.35/km2) was consistently less than that for air baiting (mean ± SD, $24.71/km2± $4.65/km2) for each distribution. The total cost of distribution varied from $30,568 to $145,842 (mean, $96,791), and bait cost varied from $150,714 to $1,029,423 (mean, $543,839). The total cost of ORV distributions ranged from $102/km2to $261/km2(mean, $153/km2).Conclusions—In the United States, rabies strains that infect raccoons have been responsible for the largest increase in rabies in animals in the past 3 decades. Use of ORV is a promising new tool that can be used to control rabies in raccoons. Documenting the estimated cost of implementing an ORV program may lead to more efficient use of resources to control and limit the spread of rabies. In addition, accurately measured distribution costs can be used to perform an economic cost-benefit analysis for an ORV program. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002; 220:27–32)
Outcome of ameroid constrictor occlusion of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in cats: 12 cases (1993–2000)
Authors: Havig Marc , Tobias Karen M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine postoperative (≤ 6 days), short-term (≤ 90 days), and long-term (≥ 6 months) outcomes of cats undergoing ameroid constrictor occlusion of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (PSS) and identify factors associated with outcome.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—12 cats.Procedure—Cats with single congenital PSS that underwent surgical placement of ameroid constrictors were identified. Follow-up information was obtained through telephone interviews and facsimile correspondence with referring veterinarians and owners.Results—All cats survived the surgery and were discharged from the hospital. One cat had seizures during the postoperative period. Five cats were clinically normal during follow-up evaluations within 90 days after the surgery. Long-term follow-up information was available for 9 cats. Three were clinically normal, 4 had been euthanatized because of progressive neurologic disease, and 2 had neurologic abnormalities that could not be controlled with medication. Four of 7 cats with continued or recurrent neurologic abnormalities 1 or more months after surgery had normal scintigraphic or hepatic function test results 2 to 6 months after surgery.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the long-term outcome of ameroid constrictor occlusion of PSS in cats is poor. Owners of older cats and cats with preexisting neurologic signs should be made aware of the potential for a poor outcome when considering surgical correction of this disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:337–341)
Use of serologic tests to predict resistance to feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, and feline parvovirus infection in cats
Authors: Lappin Michael R. , Andrews Janet , Simpson Dan , Jensen Wayne A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether detection of virusspecific serum antibodies correlates with resistance to challenge with virulent feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), and feline parvovirus (FPV) in cats and to determine percentages of client-owned cats with serum antibodies to FHV-1, FCV, and FPV.Design—Prospective experimental study.Animals—72 laboratory-reared cats and 276 clientowned cats.Procedures—Laboratory-reared cats were vaccinated against FHV-1, FCV, and FPV, using 1 of 3 commercial vaccines, or maintained as unvaccinated controls. Between 9 and 36 months after vaccination, cats were challenged with virulent virus. Recombinant-antigen ELISA for detection of FHV-1-, FCV-, and FPV-specific antibodies were developed, and results were compared with results of hemagglutination inhibition (FPV) and virus neutralization (FHV-1 and FCV) assays and with resistance to viral challenge.Results—For vaccinated laboratory-reared cats, predictive values of positive results were 100% for the FPV and FCV ELISA and 90% for the FHV-1 ELISA. Results of the FHV-1, FCV, and FPV ELISA were positive for 195 (70.7%), 255 (92.4%), and 189 (68.5%), respectively, of the 276 client-owned cats.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that for cats that have been vaccinated, detection of FHV-1-, FCV-, and FPV-specific antibodies is predictive of whether cats are susceptible to disease, regardless of vaccine type or vaccination interval. Because most client-owned cats had detectable serum antibodies suggestive of resistance to infection, use of arbitrary booster vaccination intervals is likely to lead to unnecessary vaccination of some cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;219:38–42)
Pituitary ACTH and adrenocortical secretion in critically ill dogs
Authors: Prittie Jennifer E. , Barton Linda J. , Peterson Mark E. , Kemppainen Robert J. , Herr Leslie G. , Fox Philip R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate pituitary-adrenal function in a population of critically ill dogs by measuring serial plasma concentrations of basal cortisol, ACTH-stimulated cortisol, and endogenous ACTH.Design—Prospective study.Animals—20 critically ill dogs admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).Procedure—Basal plasma cortisol, ACTH-stimulated cortisol, and endogenous ACTH concentrations were measured for each dog within 24 hours of admission and daily until death, euthanasia, or discharge from the ICU. Established reference ranges for healthy dogs were used for comparison. Survival prediction index (SPI) scores were calculated for each dog within 24 hours of admission.Results—No significant difference was found between initial concentrations of basal cortisol, ACTH-stimulated cortisol, and endogenous ACTH in 13 dogs that survived and those in 7 dogs that died. High initial basal endogenous ACTH concentrations were correlated with subsequent high values. Low basal ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations were predictive of higher subsequent values. All basal and ACTH-stimulated cortisol concentrations were within or above the reference range in the 52 plasma samples collected from the 20 dogs during hospitalization. The SPI scores correlated with outcome (ie, alive or dead), but none of the plasma hormone concentrations correlated with SPI score or outcome.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that none of the critically ill dogs in our study population developed adrenal insufficiency during hospitalization in the ICU. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:615–619)
Results of root canal treatment in dogs: 127 cases (1995–2000)
Authors: Kuntsi-Vaattovaara Helena , Verstraete Frank J. M. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate results of root canal treatment in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Sample Population—127 tooth roots in 64 dogs.Procedure—Radiographs obtained before surgery, immediately after surgery, and during follow-up examinations after surgery were evaluated by 2 individuals. Treatment was considered successful if the periodontal ligament space was normal and possible preoperative root resorption, if present, had ceased. Treatment was considered to show no evidence of failure if possible preoperative root resorption had ceased but a preexisting periapical lesion had remained the same or only decreased in size and not complete resolved. Treatment was considered to have failed if a periapical lesion or root resorption developed subsequent to endodontic treatment, if a preexisting periapical lesion had increased in size, or if possible preoperative root resorption appeared to continue after endodontic treatment.Results—Follow-up time ranged from 1 to 60 months (mean, 13 months). Treatment was classified as successful for 87 (69%) roots, as showing no evidence of failure for 33 (26%) roots, and as having failed for 7 (6%) roots. The success rate was lower for canine teeth than for maxillary fourth premolar teeth. Roots with a preexisting periapical lucency or preexisting root resorption had lower success rates. The use of intracanal medication and the method and quality of obturation were not associated with outcome.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that root canal treatment offers a viable option for salvage of periodontally sound but endodontically diseased teeth in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:775–780)
Risk factors for Clostridium piliforme infection in foals
Authors: Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Hird David W. , Read Deryck H. , Walker Richard L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine risk factors forClostridium piliformeinfection in neonatal foals on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in California.Design—Case-control and retrospective cohort studies.Animals—322 neonatal Thoroughbred foals either born on the study farm or born elsewhere but traveled to the farm with their dam during the 1998, 1999, and 2000 breeding seasons.Procedure—Mare and foal records from 1998, 1999, and 2000 were examined, using case-control design methods to determine variables associated with increased risk ofC piliformeinfection in foals. Important risk factors identified in the case-control study were then reevaluated by use of a retrospective cohort design, using data from all neonatal foals present on the farm during the 3-year study period.Results—Foals born between March 13 and April 13 were 7.2 times as likely to developC piliformeinfection as were those born at any other time of the foaling season. Foals of nonresident (visiting) mares were 3.4 times as likely to develop disease as were foals born to mares that were permanent residents of the study farm. Foals of mares < 6 years of age were 2.9 times as likely to develop disease as were foals born to older mares.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this research can be used to better understand the epidemiologic factors ofC piliformeinfection in horses. High-risk foals can be closely monitored to aid in early diagnosis and treatment, resulting in the best possible clinical outcome for affected individuals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:785–790)
Evaluation of a commercially available immunoassay for assessing adequacy of passive transfer in calves
Authors: Dawes Maisie E. , Tyler Jeff W. , Hostetler Douglas , Lakritz Jeff , Tessman Ronald 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate diagnostic utility of a commercially available immunoassay for assessing adequacy of passive transfer of immunity in neonatal calves.Design—Prospective study.Animals—123 calves.Procedure—Blood and serum samples were obtained from the calves prior to 2 weeks of age. The immunoassay was performed, along with refractometry and an 18% sodium sulfite turbidity test. Serum IgG concentration was determined with a radial immunodiffusion assay. Sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay, refractometry, and the sodium sulfite test were calculated by comparing results with results of the radial immunodiffusion assay.Results—Sensitivity and specificity of the blood IgG immunoassay were 0.93 and 0.88, respectively, compared with 1.00 and 0.53 for the sodium sulfite test. For refractometry, sensitivity and specificity were 0.71 and 0.83, respectively, when a serum total solids concentration of 5.2 g/dl was used as the cutoff between positive and negative test results.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the immunoassayperforms well in detecting calves with inadequate passive transfer of immunity. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:791–793)
Breed variations in histopathologic features of chronic severe otitis externa in dogs: 80 cases (1995–2001)
Authors: Angus John C. , Lichtensteiger Carol , Campbell Karen L. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare pathologic changes of the horizontal ear canal associated with chronic severe otitis externa between Cocker Spaniels and dogs of other breeds.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—80 dogs with severe otitis externa that required total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for breed, sex, and age at time of surgery. Histologic specimens from the horizontal ear canal were evaluated by a single examiner for overall tissue response pattern and scored for sebaceous gland hyperplasia, ceruminous gland hyperplasia, ceruminous gland ectasia, fibrosis, pigment-laden macrophages, and osseous metaplasia.Results—48 of 80 (60%) dogs were Cocker Spaniels. Thirty-five of 48 (72.9%) Cocker Spaniels had a predominately ceruminous tissue response pattern; only 9 of 32 (28.1%) dogs of other breeds had the same pattern. Other breeds most commonly had a pattern dominated by fibrosis (n = 13 [40.6%]); fibrosis was the predominant pattern in only 4 of 48 (8.3%) Cocker Spaniels. Discriminant analysis and K-means clustering of 4 histopathologic criteria correctly classified 75% of the dogs as Cocker Spaniels or all other breeds.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cocker Spaniels are at increased risk for chronic severe otitis externa requiring total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy, indicating that earlier and more aggressive management of the primary otitis externa and secondary inflammation is warranted in this breed. Cocker Spaniels with chronic severe otitis externa have distinct differences in pathologic characteristics of the horizontal ear canal, compared with other breeds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221: 1000–1006)
Sensitivity and specificity of western blot testing of cerebrospinal fluid and serum for diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in horses with and without neurologic abnormalities
Authors: Daft Barbara M. , Barr Bradd C. , Gardner Ian A. , Read Deryck , Bell William , Peyser Karen G. , Ardans Alex , Kinde Hailu , Morrow Jennifer K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine sensitivity and specificity of western blot testing (WBT) of CSF and serum for diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) in horses with and without neurologic abnormalities.Design—Prospective investigation.Animals—65 horses with and 169 horses without neurologic abnormalities.Procedure—CSF and serum from horses submitted for necropsy were tested forSarcocystis neuronaspecificantibody with a WBT. Results of postmortem examination were used as the gold standard against which results of the WBT were compared.Results—Sensitivity of WBT of CSF was 87% for horses with and 88% for horses without neurologic abnormalities. Specificity of WBT of CSF was 44% for horses with and 60% for horses without neurologic abnormalities. Regardless of whether horses did or did not have neurologic abnormalities, sensitivity and specificity of WBT of serum were not significantly different from values for WBT of CSF. Ninety-four horses without EPM had histologic evidence of slight CNS inflammation.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The low specificity of WBT of CSF indicated that it is inappropriate to diagnose EPM on the basis of a positive test result alone because of the possibility of false-positive test results. The high sensitivity, however, means that a negative result is useful in ruling out EPM. There was no advantage in testing CSF versus serum in horses without neurologic abnormalities. Slight CNS inflammation was common in horses with and withoutS neurona-specific antibodies in the CSF and should not be considered an indication of CNS infection withS neurona. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1007–1013)