bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary supplementation of Astragalus polysaccharide or its nanoparticles enhances testicular hemodynamics, echotexture, scrotal circumference, concentration of testosterone, estradiol, nitric oxide, and total antioxidant capacity, and semen quality in mature Ossimi rams
Authors: Fayez Eman , Salama Ali , Ismail Mohamed Ahmed , Youssef Fady Sayed , Rawash Zaher Mohamed , Oshba MR , Samir Haney 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigated, for the first time, the potential role of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) and APS nanoparticles on testicular blood flow (TBF) and semen quality in Ossimi rams. Fifteen sexually mature Ossimi rams were allocated randomly into two treated groups that orally administered either nano APS (2 g/ram/day; n = 5) or APS (20 g/ram/day; n = 5) for four weeks and a control group (n = 5). The nano-emulsion was prepared by adding corn oil to the APS solution, sonicated, centrifuged at 20,000 rpm, then washed 3–4 times, and vacuum dried overnight at 40 °C. The antioxidant activity of APS and APS nano-emulsion was evaluated in vitro. Blood collection and ultrasonographic assessment of the testes and supratesticular arteries (STAs) were conducted immediately before treatment (W0) and once weekly for 6 successive weeks after APS and nano APS administration (W1-W6). Serum testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) concentrations were determined by ELISA kits, while nitric oxide (NO) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured spectrophotometrically. Moreover, semen collection and evaluation of some sperm parameters were performed once a week. Results revealed decreases (P < 0.05) in the Doppler indices (resistive index; RI, pulsatility index; PI, and systolic/diastolic; S/D) of the testicular arteries at most time points of the study in the nano APS and APS groups. Pixel intensity (PIX) and integrated density (IND) of testicular parenchyma were significantly reduced (P ˂ 0.05) in the treated groups compared to the control one. T, E2, NO, and TAC concentrations increased (P < 0.05) in the treated groups compared to the control one. Increases (P < 0.05) were noticed in the mass motility, progressive motility %, live sperm %, and membrane integrity % in nano APS and APS groups, compared to the control. Rams in the nano APS group had significantly higher (P < 0.05) sperm cell concentration than the control one. In conclusion, this study extrapolated that the dietary administration of APS and its nanoparticles can improve TBF, testicular echotexture, sperm characteristics, and the concentration of serum T, E2, NO, and TAC with a more significant effect in the APS nanoparticles compared with APS. So, it could be recommended as a dietary supplementation (2 g/ram/day) for enhancing the reproductive performance of rams.
Associations of carbohydrate quality and cardiovascular risk factors vary among diabetes subtypes
Authors: Weber Katharina S. , Schlesinger Sabrina , Goletzke Janina , Straßburger Klaus , Zaharia Oana-Patricia , Trenkamp Sandra , Wagner Robert , Lieb Wolfgang , Buyken Anette E. , Roden Michael , Herder Christian ,   for the GDS group, Roden M. , Al-Hasani H. , Belgardt B. , Bönhof G. , Geerling G. , Guthoff R. , Herder C. , Icks A. , Jandeleit-Dahm K. , Kotzka J. , Kuß O. , Lammert E. , Rathmann W. , Schlesinger S. , Schrauwen-Hinderling V. , Szendroedi J. , Trenkamp S. , Wagner R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Assess the intake of carbohydrate quality and their association with cardiovascular risk factors among diabetes subtypes.

Methods
Participants of the German Diabetes Study (GDS) (recent-onset diabetes (n = 487) and 5-years thereafter (n = 209)) were allocated into severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID, 35%), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD, 3%), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD, 5%), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD, 28%), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD, 29%). Dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and intake of higher- (≥ 55) and low-GI (< 55) foods, dietary fiber, and total sugar were derived from a validated food frequency questionnaire and cross-sectionally associated with cardiovascular risk factors (blood lipids, subclinical inflammation, blood pressure, fatty liver index) using multivariable linear regression analysis for subtypes with prevalences ≥ 10%.

Results
Intake of carbohydrate quality parameters was broadly comparable between the subtypes. Among SAID higher total sugar intake was associated with lower HDL-cholesterol (ß (95% CI) relative change per 1 SD increment: − 3.4% (− 6.7; − 0.1)). No clear associations were seen among MOD. Among MARD, a higher dietary GL and higher-GI carbohydrate intake were associated with higher serum triglycerides (10.9% (2.4; 20.1), 12.4% (3.9; 21.5)) and fatty liver index (absolute change: 0.18 (0.06; 0.31), 0.17 (0.05; 0.28)) and lower HDL-cholesterol (− 4.1% (− 7.6; − 0.4), − 4.4% (− 7.8; − 0.8)), whilst higher intake of low-GI carbohydrates and dietary fiber were associated with lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (− 16.0% (− 25.7; − 5.1), − 13.9% (− 24.2; − 2.2)).

Conclusions
Associations of carbohydrate quality parameters with blood lipids, subclinical inflammation, and fatty liver index differed between diabetes subtypes. However, evidence is too preliminary to derive subtype-specific recommendations.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01055093.
The association of triglyceride-glucose and triglyceride-glucose related indices with the risk of heart disease in a national
Authors: Tang Xiaodi , Zhang Kexin , He Rong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG), triglyceride-glucose related indices and heart disease remains a topic of debate in the current literature. Existing evidence in Chinese people and in diabetes or non-diabetes patients regarding this association is limited, highlighting the need for further investigation.

Methods
A cohort study was conducted involving 7945 participants enrolled in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The incidence of heart disease was collected by following up 9 years. TyG, TyG with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were collected at baseline. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic spline (RCS), Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to analyze the associations between TyG, TyG related indices and the risk of heart disease in national participants and in type 2 diabetes (T2D) or non-T2D patients respectively.

Results
During a 9-year follow-up, 1477 participants (18.6%) developed heart disease. Our analysis found a significant positive association between TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR with heart disease risk in all participants. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for the highest quartile compared to the lowest were: TyG-BMI 1.73 (95% CI: 1.47–2.03), TyG-WC 1.46 (95% CI: 1.24–1.71), and TyG-WHtR 1.31 (95% CI: 1.11–1.54). However, TyG alone was not significantly associated with heart disease in all participants. In non-diabetic patients, the associations were consistent: TyG-BMI 1.75 (95% CI: 1.47–2.08), TyG-WC 1.47 (95% CI: 1.24–1.75), and TyG-WHtR 1.34 (95% CI: 1.13–1.60). However, in diabetes patients, no significant associations were found between TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR and heart disease risk except for the highest quartile of TyG-BMI (HR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.02–3.40).

Conclusions
In the national population study, higher TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR indices were significantly associated with an increased risk of heart disease, with TyG-BMI and TyG-WC showing stronger correlations. While this association was evident in non-T2D patients, only TyG-BMI was associated with heart disease incidence in T2D patients, underscoring the necessity for further investigation.
Balloon occlusion of the aorta during cardiac arrest -a death blow to the intestines?
Authors: Farbu Bjørn Hoftun , Brede Jostein 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The use of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in non-traumatic cardiac arrest may result in worsened intestinal ischaemia. What are the consequences?

Main text
Human data on REBOA in non-traumatic cardiac arrest is limited. In general, cardiac output is reduced during resuscitation, and mesenteric blood flow may be further reduced by intravenous adrenaline (epinephrine). Balloon occlusion of the thoracic aorta will potentially lead to a complete cessation of intestinal blood flow. Experimental studies demonstrate that intestinal damage increases with REBOA inflation time, and that 45–60 min of ischaemia may result in irreversible damage. However, it is unclear when intestinal ischaemia starts to affect patient-oriented outcomes. A barrier for assessing the consequences of intestinal ischemia is that it is a challenge to diagnose. A biomarker for intestinal injury, Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (IFABP), was elevated in all cardiac arrest patients and had a striking association with mortality in one study. In another study, all patients with intestinal ischemia diagnosed on CT died. However, intestinal ischemia could be a marker of whole-body ischemia and not an independent contributor to poor outcome. The clinical importance of worsened intestinal ischemia by REBOA during cardiac arrest is not established.

Conclusion
The impact of intestinal ischaemia following cardiac arrest is uncertain, but ischaemia is likely to be exacerbated by REBOA. However, inflation of the balloon will occur when the patient is still in cardiac arrest and is a means to achieve ROSC. Hence, we argue that the added intestinal ischaemia caused by REBOA may be of limited clinical importance, but this is still to be answered.
Can a physical activity program improve functional capacity and fatigue in people with cancer? A retrospective analysis
Authors: Reinmann Aline , Laré Edouard , Bruyneel Anne-Violette , Gligorov Joseph , Bodmer Alexandre , Koessler Thibaud 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The primary aim was to determine the effect of a physical activity (PA) program with education sessions on walking capacity and fatigue in people with cancer. The secondary objective was to assess the factors that moderated the program’s effect on walking capacity and fatigue among sociodemographic, physical capacity and symptom-related factors. Satisfaction with the program was also evaluated.

Method
A retrospective, observational study of data from a 12-week program of twice-weekly group PA sessions combined with education sessions was conducted. The 6-min walk test (6MWT), the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and program satisfaction were assessed. Paired t-tests were applied to assess changes in 6MWT and MFI-20. Multiple linear regressions were applied to determine the influence of age, gender, initial walking capacity and fatigue on the effects of the program.

Results
Among the 264 participants (age 57.36 ± 12.43 years; 189 women; 134 with breast cancer), 125 (47%) completed the program. Walking capacity (+ 41.63 ± 91.00 m) and fatigue (-2.01 ± 3.77) were improved after the program (p < 0.001). Age and gender did not influence the program’s effect; however, lower initial walking capacity and higher fatigue scores were associated with larger improvements after the program. Satisfaction with the program was high among participants who completed it.

Conclusions
Walking capacity and fatigue improved significantly after the PA program, but the drop-out rate was high. The program could be individualized based on an individual's initial walking capacity or fatigue score to enhance its effectiveness.
Genetics and biological characteristics of duck reoviruses isolated from ducks and geese in China
Authors: Sun Xiaohong , Guo Jing , Shen Jinyan , Guan Mengdi , Liu Lili , Xie Yujiao , Xu Hongke , Wang Mengjing , Ren Anran , Li Wenxi , Cong Feng , Li Xuyong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The emergence and circulation of duck reovirus have caused severe threats to domestic waterfowl production because of the lethal infections they cause in ducks and geese. However, the evolution of circulating duck reoviruses and their replication and pathogenicity in domestic birds have not been fully investigated. In this study, we identified and isolated six duck reoviruses from clinical samples of sick or deceased farmed ducks and geese and sequenced their full genomes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary landscape of duck reoviruses and the complex reassortment of these circulating viruses with avian orthoreovirus and Muscovy duck reovirus. Animal infection studies revealed differences in the replication and pathogenicity of the reoviruses identified in this study in ducks, geese and chickens. Lethal infection with highly pathogenic viruses causes severe focal necrosis and hemorrhage in the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus, resulting in high mortality in inoculated birds. Importantly, chickens are susceptible to circulating duck reovirus, highlighting the potential risk of duck reovirus infection in chickens. Our study revealed the evolution, pathogenicity and potential cross-species transmission risk of duck reoviruses, further emphasizing the importance of continued and systemic surveillance at the interface of domestic waterfowl and chickens.
Ulnar variance detection from radiographic images using deep learning
Authors: Nooh Sahar , Koura Abdelrahim , Kayed Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ulnar variance is a relative length difference in the wrist between the ulna and radius bones. It is a critical factor in helping to diagnose wrist disorders. The typical standard classification of length difference (ulnar variance) is divided into three major types: positive ulnar variance, negative ulnar variance, and neutral ulnar variance. Conventional or manual methods of measuring ulnar variance are long and time-consuming. With the urgent need for high efficiency and high speed, achieving more accurate diagnoses has become essential. In this paper, a deep learning-based methodology is used to automatically detect ulnar variance from radiographic images. Advanced Convolutional Neural Networks are exploited instead of traditional manual methods. Specifically, U-Net is used in the segmentation of ulna and radius bones, while DenseNets are applied to classify the type of ulnar variance. The essential contribution of this work is collecting a dataset of fully annotated wrist radiographs that are specific to this topic, which can be used as a resource to train and validate our models. Another contribution of this paper is optimizing the DenseNets model's hyperparameters to enhance its performance. Our model achieved a segmentation accuracy of 97.7% and an ulna variance classification accuracy of 92.1%. It outperformed previous deep learning-based methods in automatically segmenting the ulna and radius. This advancement not only reduces diagnosis time but also improves result reliability.
Determinants in adopting cashless payments in Europe: a multilevel analysis
Authors: García-Merino Jose Domingo , San-Jose Leire , San-Martin Nerea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of electronic currency for transactions, denoting a cashless paradigm, has become increasingly common. However, this financial innovation is not prevalent in all countries. This study aims to explain the discrepancies across countries, including individual and country factors. It may be superficially posited that this lag in development stems from individual or microlevel usage challenges. However, the application of the Technology Acceptance Model highlights the presence of overarching characteristics conducive to extensive adoption. Thus, an additional stratum, the multilevel perspective, needs to be examined. This analytical framework incorporates not only individual attributes but also the sociotechnical framework or meso-level factors in which they operate. A multilevel econometric model is used. The results of these analyses show that the impact on the adoption of cashless payments extends beyond individual factors (attitude to technology use, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use). Our primary contribution, conceptually and empirically, is to broaden the analysis vision. A comprehensive multilevel analysis revealed that broader contextual elements, such as infrastructure and national skills, exert a significant influence on the adoption of cashless transactions. Consequently, the widespread acceptance of cashless payment methods is not only contingent on individual choices but is also a collective phenomenon in which the surrounding environment plays a crucial role as a catalyst for the end users in the cashless economy.
Advanced surgical techniques and considerations in carotid body tumor management: insights from a cohort study
Authors: Ganie Farooq Ahmad , Gani Masarat-ul , Ashraf Hakeem Zubair , Bashir Shahbaz , Naqash Iqra Nazir , Bhat Mudasir Hamid , Maqsood Shadab , Mir Altaf Hussain , Dar Mohd Iqbal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Carotid body tumors (also known as glomus tumors) represent the most prevalent paragangliomas found in the head and neck region. These neoplasms originate from the aggregation of chemoreceptor cells in the cervical area, stemming from the neural crest during embryonic development.

Aims and objectives
This study aims to delineate our singular institutional experience concerning the clinical characteristics, surgical strategies, and outcomes associated with carotid body tumors (CBTs).

Materials and methods
Surgical intervention was administered to a cohort of 40 patients. Among them, 7 individuals were classified as Shamblin Type 1, 20 as Type 2, and 13 as Type 3. Only one patient necessitated a saphenous vein interposition graft for the right internal carotid artery. For Shamblin Type 3 lesions, we employed the RF (Rija-farooq) technique, a retrograde dissection method wherein we first delineated the tumor from the internal carotid artery, followed by the external carotid artery, and finally, at the carotid bifurcation.

Results
Notably, none of the patients exhibited any postoperative neurological or vascular complications. Furthermore, during the subsequent follow-up period, no instances of tumor recurrence or mortality were recorded.

Conclusion
Surgical resection stands as the optimal therapeutic approach for managing CBTs. Once the diagnosis of CBT is confirmed, prompt surgical intervention should be pursued. Essential considerations in treatment planning include meticulous assessment of imaging characteristics and cerebral collateral circulation, which guide the selection of appropriate surgical methods.
T2*-weighted imaging for detection of intracranial silicone oil in MRI obtained with motion correction sequences
Authors: Yasuda Ryuta , Maeda Masayuki , Takada Kenichi , Inoue Katsuhiro , Sugao Masataka , Suzuki Hidenori 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
For magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of intracranial silicone oil migration, little has been described about images obtained with motion correction sequences such as MultiVane XD (Philips Healthcare) that provides high resolution diagnostic images even with severe patient motion. We report a case with intracranial silicone oil migration in which MRI was obtained with MultiVane XD and T2*-weighted imaging (T2*WI) was found the most useful in detecting intracranial silicone oil.

Case presentation
A 77-year-old female with a history of eye surgery using silicone oil referred to our hospital due to conscious disturbance. Head computed tomography demonstrated multiple intracranial masses whose signal density was similar to that in the operated eyeball and the tentative diagnosis of intracranial silicone oil migration was made. MRI was performed with MultiVane XD due to the significant patient’s restlessness, and among all sequences including T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2*WI, only T2*WI detected intracranial silicone oil. In contrast, another MRI obtained previously with conventional turbo spin-echo detected intracranial silicone oil not only in T2*WI but also in T1WI, T2WI and FLAIR. Phantom experiment revealed that chemical shift artifact played an important role in discriminating silicone oil from artificial cerebrospinal fluid, which attenuated in MultiVane XD. However, T2*WI still showed good discrimination of silicone oil even using MultiVane XD because of susceptibility artifacts.

Conclusion
T2*WI was the best sequence to detect intracranial silicone oil in MRI obtained with motion correction sequences because of its ability to depict the susceptibility artifacts.
Safety profiles of IDH inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database
Authors: Sun Ximu , Zhou Han , Li Yanming , Luo Yanhui , Guo Qixiang , Sun Yixin , Jia Chenguang , Wang Bin , Qin Maoquan , Guo Peng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
With the increased use of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and cholangiocarcinoma, the toxicity of these drugs is a growing concern. This study aimed to evaluate the adverse events (AEs) of IDH inhibitors based on the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods
AE reports for IDH inhibitors (enasidenib, ivosidenib, and olutasidenib) were collected and analyzed from the time of launch through the first quarter of 2024. Only IDH inhibitors reported as the target drug and coded as the primary suspect (PS) were included in the analysis. AEs were standardized and classified according to the preferred term (PT) and system organ classification (SOC) in the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) version 26.0. Disproportionality analyses including the reporting odds ratio and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network were performed in data mining to assess IDH inhibitor-relatedAEs. Differentiation syndrome was the AE of special interest.

Results
The reports number of enasidenib, ivosidenib, and olutasidenib was 11 616 357, 10 067 250, and 2 563 464, respectively. A total of 80 enasidenib-related signals involving 15 SOCs, 78 ivosidenib-related signals involving 17 SOCs, and 7 olutasidenib-related signals involving 4 SOCs were obtained. The most signals reported were “blood and lymphatic system disorders,” “infections and infestations,” and “nervous system disorders” in enasidenib. For signals of ivosidenib, the most frequently reported were “gastrointestinal disorders,” “general disorders and administration site conditions,” and “injury, poisoning and procedural complications.” Ivosidenib was the only IDH inhibitor with signals in “cardiac disorders.” Differentiation syndrome events were reported in 89, 40, and 2 cases for enasidenib, ivosidenib, and olutasidenib, respectively. The median time to onset was 26–31 days for ivosidenib and enasidenib. AML was the most common indication in the differentiation syndrome reports.

Conclusions
Our study identifies potential AE signals associated with IDH inhibitors and provides a broader understanding of the safety. The safety profiles highlight the need for long-term safety monitoring of IDH inhibitor recipients. Promptly monitoring and intervention in specific organ systems depending on the type of IDH inhibitor may improve the overall survival or enhance the quality of life. In the future, it will be necessary to validate our findings in prospective large-scale studies and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.