bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaussian Backbone-Based Spherical Evolutionary Algorithm with Cross-search for Engineering Problems
Authors: Li Yupeng , Zhao Dong , Heidari Ali Asghar , Wang Shuihua , Chen Huiling , Zhang Yudong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, with the increasing demand for social production, engineering design problems have gradually become more and more complex. Many novel and well-performing meta-heuristic algorithms have been studied and developed to cope with this problem. Among them, the Spherical Evolutionary Algorithm (SE) is one of the classical representative methods that proposed in recent years with admirable optimization performance. However, it tends to stagnate prematurely to local optima in solving some specific problems. Therefore, this paper proposes an SE variant integrating the Cross-search Mutation (CSM) and Gaussian Backbone Strategy (GBS), called CGSE. In this study, the CSM can enhance its social learning ability, which strengthens the utilization rate of SE on effective information; the GBS cooperates with the original rules of SE to further improve the convergence effect of SE. To objectively demonstrate the core advantages of CGSE, this paper designs a series of global optimization experiments based on IEEE CEC2017, and CGSE is used to solve six engineering design problems with constraints. The final experimental results fully showcase that, compared with the existing well-known methods, CGSE has a very significant competitive advantage in global tasks and has certain practical value in real applications. Therefore, the proposed CGSE is a promising and first-rate algorithm with good potential strength in the field of engineering design.
Free Vibration of a Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Nanowire/Nanobeam with Movable Ends
Authors: Uzun Büşra , Yaylı Mustafa Özgür 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this work is to investigate the size-dependent free vibrations of carbon nanotube-reinforced nanowires/nanobeams with movable ends. For this purpose, two movable end conditions are considered for carbon nanotube-reinforced nanowires/nanobeams with different carbon nanotube distributions. The size effect is addressed with the modified couple stress theory, which includes a material length scale parameter.

Methods
In this study, a solution approach based on the Fourier sine series and Stokes' transformation is used. With the help of this approach, both rigid and movable end conditions can be investigated. Firstly, equation sets consisting of infinite series and movable end parameters are derived. Then, eigenvalue problems are obtained for the free vibration of carbon nanotube-reinforced nanowires/nanobeams. The eigenvalues of these problems give the frequencies of the carbon nanotube-reinforced nanowires/nanobeams with movable ends.

Conclusions
The eigenvalue problems obtained in this study can be used to examine both rigid and movable end conditions. The accuracy of the problems obtained for solution is proven by various comparison studies. Then, a series of analyses are carried out for nanowire/nanobeam reinforced with carbon nanotubes, including both the size effect and the rotary inertia effect. When the frequencies of nanowire/nanobeams reinforced with carbon nanotubes are examined, it is understood that the material length scale parameter, carbon nanotube distribution, carbon nanotube volume fraction, rotational and lateral spring parameters can cause significant changes in free vibration.
Molecular identification and management of mycotoxigenic fungi in stored corn Grains
Authors: Haggag Wafaa M. , Diab Mohamed M. , Al-Ansary Noran A. , Ibrahim Mohamed I. M. , Khattab Abd El‑Nasser A. , Abdel-Wahhab Mosaad A. , Ali Medhat K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMycotoxin-producing molds which considered as common maize grains contaminants are the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. There are natural and safe ways to protect grains from mold contamination as the use of essential oils and chemical treatments. A total number of 25 samples were used to study the natural frequency in five governorates in Egypt, Molecular identification indicated that the most frequent fungi were Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus niger, Talaromyces verruculosus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus. The in vitro studies have been done to determine mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition of the two A. flavus; isolated and reference isolates. Thyme and acetic acid were tested in direct contact assay to study their effects on mycelial growth. Treatments showed significant impact on mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition of both A. flavus isolates. In the postharvest application treatments: as vapour and carrier contact assay, Thyme and Acetic acid were tested to determine their influence on growth and aflatoxin production in A. flavus isolates by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS). Results indicated that both treatments were effective in inhibition of aflatoxin production in both vapour and carrier assays as they succeeded in reducing AFB1 while they inhibited completely the production of AFB2. The extent of the inhibition of aflatoxin production was dependent on the concentration and storage duration of treatments applied.
Understanding the Relation Between Agency and Communion and Victim Impact Statements
Authors: Kragting Marleen , Elbers Nieke , Augusteijn Freya , de Waardt Mijke , Beijers Joris , Kunst Maarten , Pemberton Antony 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVictim impact statements (VIS) have been widely introduced across different jurisdictions. Although early research examined the impact of VIS on sentencing outcomes, more recently researchers have focussed on their effects on victim posttraumatic stress symptoms. This article offers a different framework to this therapeutic approach. Instead, we emphasize that victims’ affective experience can be conceptualized using the Big Two Framework of agency and communion. Victims suffer damage to their sense of agency—status, respect, and the like—and communion—their experiences of connectedness to others. VIS could provide an opportunity to restore these orientations to self and others. Our research offers an empirical investigation into this framework. Victims who delivered an oral VIS in a Dutch criminal court completed an online survey on their experiences (N = 118). In addition, we conducted in-depth interviews to enrich the information from the survey (N = 24). The results show that both agency and communion-related aspects are present when victims talk about their experiences. Victims, for instance, mention feeling stronger—agency and also to be able to help others—communion. The agency aspect of being heard is apparent both in the survey the interview results. These findings suggest that both agency and communion seem to play a role in the effects of delivering a VIS. Implications of the agency and communion approach are discussed.
Assessing Metal Use and Scarcity Impacts of Vehicle Gliders
Authors: Bitencourt de Oliveira Felipe , Nordelöf Anders , Bernander Maria , Sandén Björn A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study assesses the metal composition of two vehicle gliders, configured with different equipment levels and evaluates the risk of short and long-term metal scarcity. Entropy analysis is also used for insights on secondary metal recovery strategies. Fifty-five metals are evaluated, with gold, copper, bismuth, lead, molybdenum, and certain rare-earth metals (REMs) subject to the largest supply risks. Differences in equipment levels significantly impact the short-term supply risk for specific metals. Entertainment and communications equipment contain significant amounts of REMs, whereas mirrors and electrical infrastructure contain considerable shares of gold, silver and copper. Some metals are concentrated in a few components while some are dispersed across thousands, impacting recycling opportunities. The broad metal demand of the gliders underscores the automotive industry's role in supply risks for its own manufacturing needs and other societal domains. This emphasizes the significance of comprehensively evaluating metal requirements beyond powertrains for informed resource management.
Aducanumab, Accelerated Approvals & the Agency: Why the FDA Needs Structural Reform
Authors: Herder Matthew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe US Food and Drug Administration’s controversial decision to grant accelerated approval to aducanumab (Aduhelm), a therapy for Alzheimer’s disease, has motivated multiple policy reforms. Drawing a case series of other drugs granted accelerated approval and interviews of senior FDA officials, I argue that reform should be informed but not defined by aducanumab. Rather, structural reforms are needed to reshape FDA’s core priorities and restore the regulatory system’s commitment to scientific rigor.
The Association Between Civil Legal Needs After Incarceration, Psychosocial Stress, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Lu Benjamin , Thomas Kathryn , Feder Solomon , Bhandary-Alexander James , Aminawung Jenerius , Puglisi Lisa B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany formerly incarcerated people have civil legal needs that can imperil their successful re-entry to society and, consequently, their health. We categorize these needs and assess their association with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a sample of recently released people. We find that having legal needs related to debt, public benefits, housing, or healthcare access is associated with psychosocial stress, but not uncontrolled high blood pressure or high cholesterol, in the first three months after release.
Calculation of astrophysical reaction rate and uncertainty for T(d,n)4He using Bayesian statistical approach
Authors: Esmaeili Seyyed Soheil , Ghasemizad Abbas , Naserghodsi Omid 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
One of the best methods to investigate and calculate a desired quantity using available limited data is the Bayesian statistical method, which has been recently entered the field of nuclear astrophysics and can be used to evaluate the astrophysical S-factors, the cross sections and, as a result, the nuclear reaction rates of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. This study tries to calculate the astrophysical S-factor and the rate of reaction T(d,n)4He as an important astrophysical reaction with the help of this method in energies lower that electron repulsive barrier, and for this purpose, it uses the R-Software, which leads to improved results in comparison with the non-Bayesian methods for the mentioned reaction rate.
Ethnic-Racial Socialization in White American Families and Young Adult Political Attitudes
Authors: Huft Justin , Nieri Tanya , Grindal Matthew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe United States is in a time of reckoning with whiteness. Despite white people benefiting from a disproportionate amount of power at every level of government, a significant racial wealth gap, preferential treatment in the legal system, and a rise in white supremacy, “colorblind” critics continue to argue against the relevance of race in a purportedly post-racial society. We assert that parents’ ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) of their children shapes how children view their racial identity and thus influence important political attitudes. ERS is a process by which individuals are taught values, beliefs, and attitudes about ethnicity and race. Most existing research among families of color suggests ERS is strongly linked to a variety of adult political attitudes. However, less is known about the impact of ERS on political attitudes for white young adults. Drawing on survey data from a national U.S. sample of 944 white, young adults (18–25 years old), we find that white ERS is linked with political attitudes. Specifically, we find that increased cultural socialization, preparation for bias, and egalitarianism are positively related to politically conservative ideology, while anti-racism is positively related to politically liberal ideology. Preparation for bias and egalitarianism are positively related to Republican party identification. Promotion of mistrust, silent racial socialization, and anti-racism are positively related to Democratic party affiliation. We suggest ERS impacts the way a person conceptualizes ethnicity and race and is inextricably linked to political outcomes.
Imperial Violence, Law, and Compensation in the Age of Empire, 1919–1922
Authors: Dhillon Hardeep 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe intricacies of modern compensation procedures that value human life, injury, and property are often overlooked, despite growing demands for reparations and justice following state violence. This article historicizes the legal structures of modern compensation, arguing that the advent of imperial rule was characterized not only by the extraction of material resources and labour, but also by the discriminatory construction and implementation of imperial law, which sought to protect European life, wealth, and property. By focusing on one of the most notorious episodes of violence in British imperial and modern South Asian history – the atrocities committed by British officials in Punjab (1919), including the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre – this article underscores how British officials penalized protests and freedom struggles by legalizing indemnities, taxes, and fines to compensate European families. In contrast, colonial officials grossly undervalued the claims and payments of Indian subjects killed or maimed during state violence, if they did at all. Furthermore, this article reveals how imperial state compensation, managed in relative privacy and buried in legal proceduralism, was rooted in legal structures of intersectional racialized inequality, and political concerns that valued the longevity of imperialism, rather than a meaningful gesture of justice and redress.
Emotional impacts of racial discrimination on caregiver-child dyads: Can mentalizing-focused parenting groups buffer against racism-related stress?
Authors: Willis Henry A. , Polanco-Roman Lillian , Derella Olivia J. , Zayde Amanda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBlack and Latinx caregivers face high risk for parenting stress and racism-related stress due to experiences of racial discrimination (RD). This study aimed to explore the associations between RD, parenting stress, and psychological distress in caregiver-child dyads, as well as the impact of a mentalizing-focused group intervention on caregivers’ experiences of RD distress. Ethnoracially minoritized caregivers of children aged 5–17 years old participated in a non-randomized clinical trial (N= 70). They received either a 12-session mentalizing-focused group parenting intervention or treatment-as-usual in outpatient psychiatry. We assessed self-reported frequency and distress related to RD, parenting stress, and psychological distress at baseline (T1) and post-intervention (T2). Caregiver- and self-reported child psychological distress were also measured. The results showed that greater RD frequency and greater RD distress separately predicted higher overall parenting stress and parental role-related distress. Greater RD distress was linked to increased psychological distress in caregivers. Similarly, greater RD frequency and distress among caregivers were associated with higher caregiver-reported, but not self-reported, child psychological distress. No significant changes in RD distress were observed between T1 and T2 for either of the treatment groups. These findings highlight the exacerbating role of RD on parenting stress and psychological distress among ethnoracially minoritized caregivers and their children.
Expanding the Spatial Reach and Human Impacts of Critical Zone Science
Authors: Singha Kamini , Sullivan Pamela L. , Billings Sharon A. , Walls Leon , Li Li , Jarecke Karla M. , Barnard Holly R. , Gasparini Nicole M. , Madoff Risa D. , Dhital Saroj , Jones Candace , Kastelic Eric C. , Ma Lin , Perilla‐Castillo Paula , Song Boyoung , Zhu Tieyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo major barriers hinder the holistic understanding of subsurface critical zone (CZ) evolution and its impacts: (a) an inability to measure, define, and share information and (b) a societal structure that inhibits inclusivity and creativity. In contrast to the aboveground portion of the CZ, which is visible and measurable, the bottom boundary is difficult to access and quantify. In the context of these barriers, we aim to expand the spatial reach of the CZ by highlighting existing and effective tools for research as well as the “human reach” of CZ science by expanding who performs such science and who it benefits. We do so by exploring the diversity of vocabularies and techniques used in relevant disciplines, defining terminology, and prioritizing research questions that can be addressed. Specifically, we explore geochemical, geomorphological, geophysical, and ecological measurements and modeling tools to estimate CZ base and thickness. We also outline the importance of and approaches to developing a diverse CZ workforce that looks like and harnesses the creativity of the society it serves, addressing historical legacies of exclusion. Looking forward, we suggest that to grow CZ science, we must broaden the physical spaces studied and their relationships with inhabitants, measure the “deep” CZ and make data accessible, and address the bottlenecks of scaling and data‐model integration. What is needed—and what we have tried to outline—are common and fundamental structures that can be applied anywhere and used by the diversity of researchers involved in investigating and recording CZ processes from a myriad of perspectives.
Formation and Stability of Salty Soil Seals in Mars‐Like Conditions. Implications for Methane Variability on Mars
Authors: Pavlov Alexander A. , Johnson James , Garcia‐Sanchez Raul , Siguelnitzky Ariel , Johnson Chris , Davis Jeffrey , Guzewich Scott , Misra Prabhakar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMethane spikes observed in the Martian atmosphere require the abrupt release of large amounts of methane from the Martian subsurface. The mechanism for such release has not been identified. We tested whether gas traps can form under Mars‐like conditions in the shallow Martian regolith due to salt migration in the icy soil. Experiments were performed on various soil samples in a Mars Simulation Chamber comprising different perchlorate salts and water concentrations mixed with JSC Mars‐1A. Inside the chamber, the samples were exposed to a range of temperatures from −20°C to 10°C and maintained CO2 gaseous pressure between 8 and 10 mbars. As a methane analog, Neon was injected periodically underneath the soil sample. It was found that over a wide range of Mars‐like soil parameters, a gas impermeable soil seal can form over a relatively short period (3–13 days) but requires 5%–10% of perchlorate salt content in the soil. It was determined that such a seal could sustain several mbars of neon above the Martian atmospheric pressure in the soil. Based on our experiments, substantial amounts of gaseous methane may accumulate under the soil seal and get released abruptly into the atmosphere upon seal cracking. An abrupt release of methane from the shallow subsurface may help explain methane variability at the Martian surface, as the Mars Science Laboratory detected.
Improving Simulation of Gas‐Particle Partitioning of Atmospheric Mercury Using CMAQ‐newHg‐Br v2
Authors: Wu L. , Mao H. , Ye Z. , Dibble T. S. , Saiz‐Lopez A. , Zhang Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMercury (Hg) is a global pollutant whose atmospheric deposition is a major input to the terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems. Gas‐particle partitioning (GPP) of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) redistributes speciated Hg between gas and particulate phase and can subsequently alter Hg deposition flux. Most 3‐dimensional chemical transport models either neglected the Hg GPP process or parameterized it with measurement data limited in time and space. In this study, CMAQ‐newHg‐Br (Ye et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017ms001161) was updated to CMAQ‐newHg‐Br v2 by implementing a new GPP scheme and the most up‐to‐date Hg redox chemistry and was run for the northeastern United States over January‐November 2010. CMAQ‐newHg‐Br v2 reproduced the measured spatiotemporal distributions of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and particulate bound mercury (PBM) concentrations and Hg wet deposition flux within reasonable ranges and simulated dry deposition flux in agreement with previous studies. The GPP scheme improved the simulation of PBM via increasing winter‐, spring‐ and fall‐time PBM concentrations by threefold. It also improved simulated Hg wet deposition flux with an increase of 2.1 ± 0.7 μgm2 in the 11‐month accumulated amount, offsetting half of the decreasing effect of the updated chemistry (−4.2 ± 1.8 μgm2). Further, the GPP scheme captured the observed Kp‐T relationship as reported in previous studies without using measurement data and showed advantages at night and in rural/remote areas where existing empirical parameterizations failed. Our study demonstrated CMAQ‐newHg‐Br v2 a promising assessment tool to quantify impacts of climate change and emission reduction policy on Hg cycling.
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and survival outcomes of colorectal cancer: evidence from population-based prospective cohorts and Mendelian randomisation
Authors: Zhang Xiaomeng , He Yazhou , Li Xue , Shraim Rasha , Xu Wei , Wang Lijuan , Farrington Susan M. , Campbell Harry , Timofeeva Maria , Zgaga Lina , Vaughan-Shaw Peter , Theodoratou Evropi , Dunlop Malcolm G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate the association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) survival outcomes.

Methods
We conducted analyses among the Study of Colorectal Cancer in Scotland (SOCCS) and the UK Biobank (UKBB). Both cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes were examined. The 25-OHD levels were categorised into three groups, and multi-variable Cox-proportional hazard models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). We performed individual-level Mendelian randomisation (MR) through the generated polygenic risk scores (PRS) of 25-OHD and summary-level MR using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method.

Results
We observed significantly poorer CSS (HR = 0.65,95%CI = 0.55–0.76,P = 1.03 × 10−7) and OS (HR = 0.66,95%CI = 0.58–0.75,P = 8.15 × 10−11) in patients with the lowest compared to those with the highest 25-OHD after adjusting for covariates. These associations remained across patients with varied tumour sites and stages. However, we found no significant association between 25-OHD PRS and either CSS (HR = 0.98,95%CI = 0.80–1.19,P = 0.83) or OS (HR = 1.07,95%CI = 0.91–1.25,P = 0.42). Furthermore, we found no evidence for causal effects by conducting summary-level MR analysis for either CSS (IVW:HR = 1.04,95%CI = 0.85–1.28,P = 0.70) or OS (IVW:HR = 1.10,95%CI = 0.93–1.31,P = 0.25).

Conclusion
This study supports the observed association between lower circulating 25-OHD and poorer survival outcomes for CRC patients. Whilst the genotype-specific association between better outcomes and higher 25-OHD is intriguing, we found no support for causality using MR approaches.