bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnosis of inflammatory sinonasal disease
Authors: Roberts D. N. , Hampal S. , East C. A. , Lloyd G. A. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA prospective study was carried out on 25 consecutive patients referred to an outpatient clinic at The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, with a medical letter suggestive of sinusitis, to test the hypothesis that the diagnosis of inflammatory sinus disease could be made simply and accurately by employing systematic nasal endoscopy and a series of plain sinus X-rays.The study compared the diagnostic yields of the history, rigid nasal endoscopy and plain sinus films with computed tomography. All the investigations were performed on the same day. The interobserver variability between consultant ENT surgeon, senior registrar and registrar were compared.With heightened concern over the radiation exposure patients are receiving for medical investigations, the radiation exposure was determined for a selected group of patients. This study demonstrated that in the diagnosis of inflammatory sinonasal disease the clinical assessment correlated with the CT findings in over 90 per cent of cases. This accuracy was dependent on the experience of the clinician in using rigid nasal endoscopy. Interobserver variability ranged from 71 to 90.4 per cent in the correct diagnosis of underlying sinus disease. Close agreement was seen with the interpretation of CT scans. The concordance rate between plain films and CT scans was 87 per cent when reported by a consultant radiologist. This is in close agreement with previously reported studies. The average radiation exposure of coronal CT scanning was 218 times the dose for plain sinus X-rays.
Expression of Fos-protein activated by tactile stimulation on the laryngeal vestibulum in the cat's lower brain stem
Authors: Tanaka Yasumasa , Yoshida Yoshikazu , Hirano Minoru 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo demonstrate morphologically the neurons participating in the4aryngeal reflex, Fos-expression, activated with tactile stimulation of the laryngeal vestibulum, was mapped in the cat's lower brain stem utilizing immunohistochemistry. In the stimulation group, many Fos-immunoreactive (ir) neurons were recognized in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) from the level of the most rostral portion of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus to the level of the most caudal portion of the inferior olivary nucleus (IO), and in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) from the level of the rostral end of the hypoglossal nucleus to the level of the caudal end of the IO, bilaterally. While some Fos-ir cells were found in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminus, they were also found in the reticular nuclei bilaterally. In the control group, Fos-ir cells were distinctly fewer in number than those in the stimulation group. The results suggested that in the brain stem, the laryngeal reflex pathways have more than two synaptic relays through the interneurons in between the NTS and the NA.
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare cervical lymphadenitis in siblings: a case report and review
Authors: Cumberworth V. L. , Robinson A. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report two cases of cervical mycobacterium avium-intracellulare lymphadenitis in siblings which developed within one month of each other. There was no underlying immunodeficiency but the children lived in close proximity to a pigeon loft.
Amplification of the Int-2 gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rubin John S. , Qiu Lucy , Etkind Polly 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCellular oncogenes have been implicated in head and neck cancer development since 1986. More recently interest has focused on chromosome 11q13; oncogenes therein undergoing ongoing investigation include Bcl-l/Prad-1, Hst-1 and Int-2.Our laboratory has studied the Int-2 oncogene for several years, primarily in the breast. This paper presents our investigations of Int-2 in the head and neck. Thirty-four paraffin-embedded primary squamous cell carcinomas were studied for Int-2 gene amplification using a carefully controlled method of sequence quantification by DNA dot blots. Amplification, mostly low level, was identified in 62 per cent of samples studied. No clinical correlation to amplification could be found.Further studies are underway looking for evidence of expression of Int-2 in fresh tissues and for amplification and expression of other oncogenes on this amplicon.
Smooth muscle tumours of the larynx
Authors: McKiernan D. C. , Watters G. W. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo cases of laryngeal smooth muscle tumours are reported: one a benign leiomyoma, the other a malignant leiomyosarcoma. These tumours may present diagnostic difficulties and immunocytochemistry is helpful in distinguishing smooth muscle tumours from other connective tissue neoplasms and spindle cell squamous carcinoma. Primary treatment in both cases should be surgical resection with small (T1, T2) malignant tumours suitable for partial laryngectomy. Postoperative radiotherapy may have a role in allowing a more limited surgical resection.
Adenoids in school-aged children
Authors: Haapaniemi Jorma J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA total of 687 school children, aged six to 15 years, were examined clinically, radiologically and audiometrically. Lateral radiological examination of paranasal sinuses was carried out in 663 (96.5 per cent) children for evaluation of the size of adenoids. The size of the soft tissue shadow (adenoids) was assessed as normal or large. It was large in 133 (25 per cent) children, three times more frequently in seven-year-old than in 14-year-old children. The occurrence of adenoidal symptoms (blocked nose, mouth breathing, snoring, snuffling or rhinitis) varied from 14.3 to 30.1 per cent in children with large adenoids compared to 7 to 9.8 per cent in children with normal adenoids. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only recurrent snoring and the child's age were significantly associated with radiologically large adenoids. The hearing thresholds were 1.1 to 4.2 dB poorer and mean middle ear pressure values were 60 to 70 mmH2O lower in children with large adenoids compared to those with normal size adenoids. Large adenoids have an influence on the hearing level of a child, but probably via the negative middle ear pressure.
Post-laryngectomy pharyngocutaneous fistula – a still unresolved problem
Authors: Fradi Milo , Podoshin Ludwig , David Jaacov Ben 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFifty-six total laryngectomy cases are presented with special reference to post-operative fistula formation. All these patients were operated upon at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at the Bnai Zion Medical Centre by one surgeon over a 16-year period, from 1976–1992. The incidence of fistula was 12.5 percent. This paper could not verify reports that any specific factors were significantly related to fistula formation, although there was a preponderance of fistulas in patients presenting with late stage tumours. No relationship was found with rate of infection, age, or between previous neck irradiation (ranging from 5500 to 7000 cGy) and fistula formation in the patient population.If a fistula occurs, the administration of oral solid food keeping the nasogastric tube in place for administration of fluids may lead to spontaneous closure of the fistula, with no need for secondary surgical repair.
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the soft palate
Authors: Yoshihara Toshio , Tanaka Masayo , Itoh Mitsuko , Ishii Tetsuo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma arising in the soft palate is reported. The tumour presented had enlarged gradually over 10 years and finally occupied the oral cavity. The patient was admitted to our hospital due to disturbance of her speech and swallowing, and a sudden haemorrhage from the tumour. The initial pathological diagnosis by open biopsy was benign pleomorphic adenoma. After total resection, histological examination revealed that the tumour was composed partly of benign pleomorphic adenoma and partly of an adenocarcinomatous component. The carcinoma cells with prominent nucleoli were spheroid or polygonal in shape, and frequently formed ductal structures with areas of necrosis. Mitoses were also found. These findings showed that this tumour was a secondary carcinoma which had developed in a preexisting pleomorphic adenoma.
Lymph node and distant metastases in patients with sinonasal carcinoma
Authors: Miyaguchi Mamoru , Sakai Schun-ichi , Takashima Hitoshi , Hosokawa Hironobu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 34 cases of sino-nasal squamous cell or undifferentiated carcinoma in patients admitted between 1984 and 1992 was undertaken. Multimodality therapy incorporated radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate was 53 per cent. The local control rate was 82 per cent. Patients died of local failure (six), distant metastases (six), lymph node metastases (one) and other causes (three). Twenty-eight patients with local control were separated into groups: G1–2 (well and moderately differentiated) and G3–4 (poorly differentiated and undifferentiated) and evaluated to find the association between differentiation and metastasis. Lymph node metastasis was not related to the degree of differentiation. Distant metastasis was significantly related to the degree of differentiation (Fisher's exact test: p = 0.007). The result of the combination therapy is poor for patients with poorly differentiated or undifferentiated carcinoma because of distant metastases. Adjuvant chemotherapy may be necessary for them to prevent distant metastasis.
Nasal septal surgery: is routine follow-up necessary?
Authors: Murthy P. , Mckerrow W. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn audit project was undertaken to appraise the outcome of 95 cases of septal surgery over a 12-month period, taking into account the subjective alteration of symptoms, appearances at anterior rhinoscopy and complications. Seventy-three patients (76.8 per cent) attended the follow-up clinic three to six months (median four months) after surgery. There was an improvement in short-term nasal breathing and in the clinical appearance of the septum in 84.9 and 96.9 per cent respectively; a complication rate of 10.9 per cent and an overall satisfaction rate of 81.3 per cent were also noted. These results support those of other reported series and suggest that routine follow-up of uncomplicated cases of septal surgery is unnecessary.
The need for excessive dietary sodium chloride following tympanoplasty
Authors: Lauerma Hannu , Paalassalo Päivi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLoss of a single nerve function in the peripheral network responsible for taste perception is traditionally considered clinically insignificant. However, we report the case of a 27-year-old woman who experienced significant selective taste loss for salt after manipulation of the chorda tympani during tympanoplasty. This effect may be explained by disorder of the functional neuroanatomy of salty taste perception together with strong lateralization of mastication to the affected side in this patient. Recently described inhibition of cranial nerve IX by cranial nerve VII is hypothesized as contributing to the contradiction between this case and the commonly accepted role of the chorda tympani in taste perception.
Candida epiglottitis in an adult with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with oral fluconazole
Authors: Israel Leslie , Sadigh Majid 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCandida epiglottitis has been reported in immunocompromised patients, but in only one paediatric patient with human immunodeficiency virus. We present possibly the first reported case of Candida infection of the epiglottis in an adult with human immunodeficiency virus treated with oral fluconazole. We review the symptoms, diagnosis. and management of the published cases of Candida epiglottitis in patients without the human immunodeficiency virus. Laryngoscopy and culture are diagnostic.
Hearing preservation in vestibular schwannoma surgery: fact or fantasy?
Authors: Sanna Mario , Karmarkar Sandeep , Landolfi Mauro 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study reviews 57 papers dealing with the issue of hearing preservation in vestibular schwannoma surgery published in otolaryngologic and neurosurgical literature between theyears 1977 and 1994. The authors', in this review, have made an attempt to verify whether the claims of hearing preservation are real, whether there is a price to be paid in terms of morbidity and whether there are univocal criteria for reporting results. The review shows that there is a wide disarray in reporting hearing results and the claims of hearing preservation are often unreal and misleading. On retabulating the results of a few series according to the minimal prerequisites for normal hearing (PTA ≤3O dB and SDS ≥70 per cent) and according to other various commonly reported criteria, it became evident that rates of hearing preservation differeda lot depending upon criteria. While any measurable hearing could be preserved in many cases, only a few had normal hearing preserved.
Middle ear pressures in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their clinical significance
Authors: Low W. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere is a paucity of studies investigating middle ear pressures (MEPs) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This paper prospectively examines MEPs in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma before and after radiotherapy and discusses their clinical significance. Newly diagnosed patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were studied before and at three to 12 months (mean 7.5 months) after radiotherapy. MEPs were measured by tympanometry. Thirty-three patients completed the study. The mean MEP before and after radiotherapy was −55.2 mm water(range −250 to 45 mm water) and −73.1 mm water (range −215 to 35 mm water) respectively. About two-thirds of assessable ears had an increase in negative MEPs after irradiation and the rest had less negative MEPs after irradiation. Those ears which developed post-irradiation middle ear effusions were found to have pre-irradiation negative middle ear pressures of at least −45 mm water. These findings provide possible explanations for some unexplained audiometric observations previously made in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. Tympanometry before radiotherapy may prove to be useful in identifying ears with a high risk of developing post-irradiation middle ear effusion.
Atypical carcinoid tumour of the larynx
Authors: Watters G. W. R. , Molyneux A. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe case of an atypical carcinoid tumour of the larynx is described in a 65-year-old man. Thisrare tumour may present diagnostic difficulties, but the diagnosis should be considered in a patient presenting with symptoms of local or referred pain and an apparently small, non-ulcerating supraglottic tumour. Immunocytochemistry has an important role in establishing the diagnosis. A very unusual feature of this case was positive staining for S-100 protein by sustentacular cells. Atypical carcinoid tumours do not respond well to radiotherapy so the primary treatment should be surgical resection.
Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia: Suez and syphilis. Un canard dévoilé
Authors: Laurenson Rae Duncan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFrederick III (Crown Prince of Prussia, and Emperor of Germany) died of cancer of the larynx in 1888. In Drame Imperial (1888) journalist Jean de Bonnefon asserted that the disease was not cancer but syphilis which the Crown Prince acquired in 1869 in Suez. What de Bonnefon wrote about the prince does not coincide with the prince's itinerary published in the London Times. This discrepancy is examined and the reason for de Bonefon's claim is considered. The report that Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia caught syphilis in Suez is a canard.
Improving the reproducibility of acoustic rhinometry: a customized stand giving control of height and angle
Authors: Fisher Edward W. , Boreham Adrian B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractControl and recording of the position of the acoustic rhinometer in relation to the nostrils is important for serial measurements. Several technical factors must be controlled, including the angle of the incident acoustic wave. We describe a simple, newly-designed, rhinometer stand which allows control of height and angle, and hence improves the reliability of serial measurements in clinical and physiological work.
One-stage procedure to establish osseointegration: a zero to five years follow-up report
Authors: Tjellström Anders , Granström Gösta 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA cohort of 214 patients, who were operated on to insert implants in the mastoid process for the retention of bone-anchored hearing aids and auricular prostheses, was followed-up over a five-year period. About half the group were operated on using the conventional two-stage procedure allowing three to four months for osseointegration. In the second group (one-stage group) the skin penetrating coupling was connected at the time of the implant insertion. The success rate for stable implants was found to be the same in both groups. In the one-stage group four out of 161 implants inserted were lost and in the two stage group three out of 120. The cumulative success rate was also found to be the same. A ‘worst case’ table where patients lost to follow-up, patients who died during the study period, and patients who for some reason left the study is also included. The importance of this ‘worst case’ scenario when follow-up data are presented is discussed.
A study of alpha-amylase activity in tracheobronchial secretions of seriously ill patients with tracheostomies
Authors: Nandapalan V. , McIlwain J. C. , Hamilton J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study was undertaken to assess any salivary aspiration in seriously ill patients with tracheostomies in an Intensive Care Unit setting. The alpha-amylase activity in the tracheostomies in an Intensive Care Unit setting. The alpha-amylase activity in the tracheobronchial secretions of 15 such patients were analysed to evaluate the incidence of salivary aspiration. None of the patients had clinical or radiological evidence of lung disorder at the time of the commencement of the study. Six out of 15 patients showed very high levels of alpha-amylase activity in their tracheobronchial secretions on Day 3 and all six subsequently developed severe chest infections. The other nine patients showed a low level of amylase activity in their secretions. Two patients in the latter group developed severe pulmonary disease. This study demonstrates that a high level of alpha-amylase activity in the tracheobronchial secretions of tracheotomized, ventilated patients indicates that salivary aspiration may be taking place, and further suggests that progressively increasing levels may indicate the likelihood of a major pulmonary complication developing.
Neuralgia-like symptoms in a patient with an airgun pellet in the ethmoid sinus: a case report
Authors: Donald Paul J. , Gadre Arun K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn unusual case of a retained airgun pellet in the ethmoid sinus is presented. The patient's only complaint was a severe neuralgic headache. Anatomical basis for this symptom, imaging and successful endoscopic removal of the foreign body are discussed. The philosophy for removal of innocuous foreign bodies, potential pitfalls in surgical management, and a review of the literature are included in the discussion.
Huge saccular cyst of the larynx: a case report
Authors: Raveh Eyal , Inbar Edna , Shvero Jacob , Feinmesser Raphael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLateral laryngeal saccular cysts of the larynx that herniate through the thyrohyoid membrane are quite rare. We present a case of a huge midcervical cyst which occurred as a result of extreme neglect of a lateral saccular cyst. This case provided us with a unique opportunity to characterize the late stages of this pathology. The differential diagnosis of cervical cysts and treatment approaches are discussed.
Age and sex incidence of hypopharyngeal tumours in Upper Egypt: Assuit University experience
Authors: Saleh Ezzat M. , Abdullwahab Ahmed A. , Kammal Mohammed M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree hundred and seventeen patients with hypopharyngeal tumours presented at Assuit University Hospital and were studied retrospectively with regard to sex and age incidence. Postericoid tumours form the majority (50.1 per cent) followed by pyriform fossa tumours (26.5 per cent) and finally posterior pharyngeal wall tumours (23.4 per cent). Men form the majority (211 out of 317, i.e. 69.7 per cent). The age incidence shows two peaks at 31–35 years and 56–60 years. The first peak is formed mainly of women while the second peak is formed mainly of men.
Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the ethmoids in a patient with previous gastric adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Owa A. O. , Gallimore A. P. , Ajulo S. O. , Cheesman A. D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMetastatic carcinoma of the ethmoids is very rare. Of the few cases reported in the literature, the majority are renal in origin. Although metastases from the gastrointestinal tract have been reported. there are no known cases of metastases from the stomach.We present a rare case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the ethmoids in a patient previously treated for adenocarcinoma of the stomach and describe the possible mechanisms of spread. The patient had a craniofacial resection of the tumour but unfortunately died four weeks post-operatively from acute liver failure probably caused by a liver metastasis.
Excision of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervical trachea via an anterior castellated approach
Authors: Hartley B. E. J. , Fagan J. J. , Rhŷs-Evans P. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma of the cervical trachea is rare and its diagnosis and surgical management challenging. We report a case with an unusual presentation and discuss the diagnosis and management. The preferred surgical management is tracheal resection, however this is often not feasible and many alternative techniques have been used. Here an anterior castellated approach is described, a modification of that more commonly used for benign tracheal strictures. We found it gave excellent access to the posterior tracheal wall which we feel is superior to a straight vertical tracheal incision. It also facilitates a tracheal widening procedure if indicated, and safeguards the recurrent laryngeal nerves which are particularly vulnerable in the cervical part of the trachea.
Topical active H1-antihistamines and their effect on nasal airway resistance
Authors: van Houten R. J. , Premachandra D. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe introduction of a topically active H1-antihistamine nasal spray Azelastine, has given an extra dimension in the management of allergic rhinits. The drug acts rapidly and avoids the sustemic adverse effects of antihistimines. An objective prospective study was performed to detect the effect of Azelastine nasal spray on nasal airway resistance. Twelve healthy adult volunteers with no rhinological problems were included in the study. Nasal cavites were sprayed with 280 μg (two puffs) of Azelastine nasal spray and the nasal airway resistance was measured with anterior rhinomanometry at intervals of 30 minutes for up to two hours. Our study has shown statistically significant increase in the total nasal airway resistance following the use orf Azelastine nasal spray in the absence of a subjective change in nasal airway resistance. There are substances when inhaled which can cause subjective improvement in nasal airway patency without changing the measured nasal airway resistance. However this medication gives no subjective change in nasal airway patency in spite of increasing nasal airway resistance.