bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield, biomass and yield components in dwarf, semi‐dwarf and tall isogenic lines of spring wheat under recommended and late sowing dates
Authors: Miralles D. J. , Slafer G. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGrain yield and some of its physiological determinants were analysed in a field study conducted over two growing seasons with standard‐height (SH), semi‐dwarf (SD) and dwarf (DD) isogenic lines of a spring wheat sown at recommended and delayed dates. The objective was to test whether the action of Rht1 and Rht2 alleles in improving grain yield depended upon sowing date.As expected, the dwarfing genes significantly reduced plant height in both sowings and growing seasons. There was a tendency for the SD line to produce more biomass than the SH and DD lines, although the differences were mostly not significant. Harvest index was linearly and negatively related to plant height. Consequently, the SD and SH line showed the highest and lowest grain yields in all environments. The optimum height for grain yield was estimated to be c. 70 cm, and this value was not affected by sowing date. Lines carrying Rht1 and/or Rht2 alleles always showed more grains/m2 (owing to an increased number of grains per spike and spikes/m2) than the SH line. Conversely, average grain weight was negatively associated with the number of grains/m2. Because the slope of this negative relationship was smaller (less negative) than that representing complete compensation, the relationship between grain yield and number of grains/m2 was hyperbolic. Although these relationships are frequently regarded as a reflection of increased competition among grains when the number of grains/m2 is increased owing to the use of semi‐dwarf genes, two alternative hypotheses are analysed and discussed.
Genetic distance between Triticum timopheevi Zhuk., T. aramticum Jakubz. and T. aestivum L.
Authors: Farshadfar M. , Kissimon J. , Sutka J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe genetic distances between two cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (Martonvásári 9, Martonvásári 15), a Martonvásári 9 line possessing the crossability gene krl, and 21 accessions of T. timopheevi Zhuk. and T. araraticum Jakubz. were estimated, based on agro‐morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis of data. Cluster analysis based on Mahalanobis' D2 values was applied. All 21 accessions of T. timopheevi and T. araraticum could be classified into eight clusters. Clusters I and II consisted of all the T. timopheevi, while T. araraticum was located in six clusters. Discriminant analysis was applied to test significant differences between cluster pairs. The genetic distance (GD) based on the electrophoretic data of gliadins indicated two types of electrophoregrams in T. timopheevvi, distinguished as groups A and B. T. araraticum accessions were variable as regards the spectra. Mean, minimum and maximum GD were estimated within and between different wheat groups based on acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Agronomical and morphological differentiation among winter and spring triticales
Authors: Royo C. , Soler C. , Romagosa I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA collection of 299 secondary hexaploid triticale cultivars and advanced breeding lines from 18 countries, which were considered a representative sample of the existing diversity, was evaluated for morphological and agronomical characters with autumn planting at Lleida, Spain, from 1988 to 1991. The entries were classified as having winter (84) or spring (215) growth habit and among this latter group were complete (73) or substituted (147) types according to CIMMYT's terminology. Winter and spring triticales were grouped by cluster and principal component analyses. Winter triticales were taller with longer growth cycles, longer spikes, and more spikelets per spike than spring types. At early stages they also had prostrate growth. Spring‐substituted types were separated from complete material. As a group, spring‐substituted triticales differed more from winter types than the spring complete genotypes, which showed intermediate characteristics. Complete types of spring habit had tendency to be taller, with longer spikes, more spikelets per spike and bigger and heavier grains than substituted triticales. Greater variation in morphological and agronomical parameters was detected among winter triticales followed by the complete‐spring group.
The Yd2 gene and enhanced resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in winter barley
Authors: Delogu G. , Cattivelli L. , Snidaro M. , Stanca A. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA breeding programme was developed to obtain barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)‐resistant winter genotypes using the Yd2 gene. The aim was to incorporate the Yd2 allele into the new high‐yielding genotypes to release cultivars that allow barley cultivation in areas where BYDV is endemic.The resistant lines were developed using pedigree selection. An ICARDA resistant line (83RCBB130) carrying the Yd2 gene was crossed with three susceptible, high‐yielding winter varieties and their F1 lines were either selfed or backcrossed to the matching susceptible parent. The best lines selected from subsequent selfing generations were evaluated in replicated trials in the presence or absence of BYDV, starting from F6 and BC1F5 to F8 and BC1F7 generations. Four genotypes with superior agronomic traits and BYDV resistance were selected.
Genetic analysis of karnal bunt resistance in 14 Mexican bread‐wheat genotypes
Authors: Singh G. , Rajaram S. , Montoya J. , Fuentes‐Davila G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFourteen Mexican genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with good to moderate levels of resistance to Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica (Mitra)) were crossed with the highly susceptible cultivar WL711 to determine the genetic basis of resistance. The parents, F1 F2 and backcross populations of the 14 crosses were evaluated under artificial epiphytotic conditions during the 1993–94 season for Karnal bunt resistance. The F1 data suggested that the resistance was dominant to partially dominant over susceptibility. The F2 analysis of the segregation ratios in the F2 and backcross generations indicated that the resistance in the wheat genotypes Luan, Attila, Vee #7/Bow, Star, Weaver, Milan, Sasia and Turacio/Chil is controlled by two genes. The resistance in genotypes Cettia, Irena, Turaco, Opata, Picus, and Yaco was found to be conditioned by a single dominant gene. The genotypes with two genes for resistance expressed a higher level of resistance than those with a single gene and, therefore, are better sources of resistance to Karnal bunt.
The HMW glutenin suhunit composition of bread‐wheat varieties bred in Pakistan
Authors: Tahiru M. , Hussain S. A. , Turchetta T. , Lafiandram D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA total of 50 bread‐wheat varieties bred in Pakistan were characterized for the composition of the high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS). The glutenin subunits, as revealed by sodium dodecyl‐sulfate‐polyacrylamide‐gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) were numbered according to Payne's numbering system and, varieties were accordingly assigned theoretical quality scores. All varieties were found to possess either subunit 1 or 2* coded by the A genome. Subunits 17+18 and 7 + 9 of the B genome and 5+10 of the D genome were predominantly found in this set of varieties. The frequency of the appearance of Glu‐l alleles in the varieties was different from that seen in other countries, especially in terms of the absence of the ‘null’ form of the A genome and the presence of novel subunits at the Glu‐Bl and Glu‐Dl loci. The compositions of HMW‐GS were generally of good quality, with more than 50% of the varieties achieving quality scores of 9–10 with a high (8.6) average score. The results in this study indicate that wheat varieties bred in Pakistan have a narrow genetic base in terms of HMW glutenin subunits. It appears that the breeders have been selecting wheat genotypes of glutenin subunits associated with good quality without knowing the actual composition of these subunits. The database established on the basis of these results is useful for wheat‐improvement programmes aimed at varietal identification and breeding for good quality parameters.
Meiotic studies of spontaneous hybrids of Amaranthus: genome analysis
Authors: Greizerstein E. J. , Poggio L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe meiotic behaviour of 13 spontaneous interspecific F1 hybrids of Amaranthus was studied. The hybrids between species with n= 16 chromosomes had 16 bivalents but varied considerably in pollen stainability (0–55%). These results suggest the existence of cryptic structural hybridity. The hybrids involving A. cruentus (n = 17) and species with n = 16 (A. caudatus and A. quitensis) always formed 15II+1 III with very low pollen stainability (5–7%). Further observations indicated that Amaranthus species are allotetraploids with basic numbers of x= 8 and x= 9 but exhibit x= 16 and x= 17 as secondary basic numbers, as demonstrated by (a) the frequent presence of 811 + 171 in the meiosis of the hybrid A. spinosus (n = 17) × A. hybridus (n= 16); and the occurrence of secondary associations between bivalents in MI. Genomic formulae are proposed for each species, on the basis of the meiotic behaviour of the hybrids studied.
Quantitative genetic analysis ofSphaerotheca fuligineasporulation in Cucurbit a pepo
Authors: Leibovich G. , Elkind Y. , Dinoor A. , Cohen R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance mechanism by which summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) suppresses powdery mildew (caused bySphaerotheca fuliginea) sporulation was studied by analysis of the sporulation yield per colony, measured spectrophotometrically at 700 nm. The value of the optical density (LOD) was used as the criterion for the pathogen sporulation. Three breeding lines of summer squash were used: Straightneck powdery mildew resistant (SNP), Benning's Green Tint (BGT) and Sihi Lavan (SLA), each differing in its susceptibility to powdery mildew. Cultivar SNP (resistant) was crossed with SLA (susceptible) or BGT (moderately susceptible) to generate F1F2and backcross populations. Continuous distribution was observed and joint scaling effect tests indicated that the additive‐dominant model was adequate. Narrow‐and broad‐sense heritability estimates for BGT × SNP were 0.74 and 0.85, respectively, and for SLA × SNP both were 0.79. These results indicate that it should be possible to select C. pepo populations on whichS. fuligineahas low sporulation, and which consequently will exhibit quantitative resistance.
Inheritance of dwarfism in plantain (Musa spp., AAB group)
Authors: Ortiz R. , Vuylsteke D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPlantain (Musa spp., AAB group) is a major food crop in the humid lowland tropics of Africa, the Caribbean and Latin America. Lodging, caused by strong winds occurs periodically in these areas. Therefore, development of dwarf plantain cultivars and elucidation of the inheritance of dwarfism is desirable. A heterozygous normal plantain cultivar (2n= 2x) with long false‐internodes (19.4 ± 0.9 cm) was crossed with a homozygous wild banana (2n= 2x) with short false‐internodes (6.9 ± 0.4 cm) to develop a test‐cross segregating population. A total of 74 euploids (2x, 3x and 4x) were produced. Forty‐one normal and 24 dwarf diploids were obtained, which fits a 2: 1 trisomic test‐cross segregation ratio for one locus. Dwarfism is controlled by a single recessive gene, dw. At the tetraploid level, two normal and six dwarf hybrids were produced, suggesting that the dw locus is close to the centromere and that there is a dosage effect of the dw allele at the tetraploid level.
An evaluation of the potential of intergeneric gene transfer between Brassica napus and Sinapis arvensis
Authors: Bing D. J. , Downey R. K. , Rakow G. F. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe possibility of gene transfer between Brassica napus and Sinapis arvensis was evaluated. Six spring‐type cultivars of B. napus and four strains of S. arvensis were reciprocally crossed through controlled crosses. No hybrid was yielded from any cross. However, one hybrid with 28 chromosomes was obtained from B. napus×S. arvensis through ovule culture. The hybrid plant was highly sterile and set no seed on open pollination. Two F2 plants, with 35 and 36 chromosomes respectively, were obtained through self‐pollination by hand. Backcross of B. napus produced 23 plants carrying some characteristics of S. arvensis, but backcross to S. arvensis failed to produce a plant. The chromosome counts of the BC1F1 plants indicated that gametes with more than nine chromosomes were favoured during the meiosis. The data demonstrated that gene transfer from S. arvensis to B. napus was very difficult under controlled cross and backcross, while to transfer genes from B. napus to S. arvensis would be extremely remote even under the most favorable conditions.
Multigenic inheritance of biotype‐E greenbug resistance in wheat
Authors: Lazar M. D. , Peterson G. L. , Hu J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRelatively little is known about host‐plant insect‐resistance genes. Near‐isogenic lines (NILs) can be a useful tool in evaluating such genes and their mechanisms of action. Through backcrossing and single‐seed selection, NILs have been produced in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for resistance/susceptibility to biotype‐E greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). Crosses among several resistant and susceptible NILs produced segregation patterns in the F2 generation that were inconsistent with simple monogenic inheritance. The simplest genetic hypothesis consistent with the data would involve two independently segregating loci, requiring complementary expression of multiple resistance alleles. F3 segregation data were also consistent with the proposed genetic hypothesis. Multiple alleles are required to account for the observed variation, although the source of the multiple alleles is unknown. Direct comparison of specific resistant/susceptible pairs of NIL's, as well as bulked segregant analysis, should permit elucidation of resistance mechanisms. Based on the segregation data presented, new designations for the resistance loci studied are proposed.
Inheritance of genes coding for gliadin proteins and glume colour introgressed into Triticum aestivum from a synthetic wheat
Authors: Pshenichnikova T. A. , Maystrenko O. I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA synthetic hexaploid, Triticum timofeevii×T. tauschii, was used to transfer disease resistance genes to the commercial cultivar Saratovskaya 29 (S29) by backcrossing. After five backcrosses the resulting derivatives still showed some traits of the synthetic, namely brown spike glumes and several gliadin components. Genetic analysis showed that the derived forms had inherited the Gli‐D1 allele of the synthetic, which was found to be tightly linked to a gene for glume colour. Recombination percentages between these genes was estimated to be 2.5 ± 1.7%. The development of the derivatives was also accompanied by a rearrangement within the Gli‐B1 locus, resulting in the formation of a new variant of the allele in S29.
Photoperiod and vernalization response of wheat under controlled environment and field conditions
Authors: Ortiz‐Ferrara G. , Mosaad M. G. , Mahalakshmi V. , Fischer R. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCharacterization of large numbers of breeding lines for vernalization and photoperiod response in wheat is needed to enhance adaptation. A total of 20 wheat lines were evaluated for response to vernalization and photoperiod under two controlled environments and high ambient air temperatures under field conditions. Vernalized and non‐vernalized seedlings were transplanted into pots and placed in three photoperiod (8, 12 and 16 h of light) cabinets, in the greenhouse or in growth chambers. Days to anthesis decreased with increasing photoperiod. Vernalized plants flowered earlier than non‐vernalized. There was a significant correlation between days to anthesis in the greenhouse and the growth chamber (r = 0.88, P < 0.001). Basal vegetative period, effect of vernalization and photoperiod from the two screening techniques were positively correlated with each other. Growth habit, vernalization requirement and heading date in the field were highly correlated with the main effect of vernalization in the two controlled environments. The results indicate that selection for vernalization response in a large number of genotypes can be achieved under high ambient air temperatures in the field and the selected material can subsequently be screened for photoperiod response under greenhouse conditions.
Short‐duration colchicine treatment for in vitro chromosome doubling during ovule culture of Beta vulgaris L.
Authors: Hansen A. L. , Gertz A. , Joersbo M. , Andersen S. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractColchicine uptake into ovules of sugar beet after 7 days of culture and its chromosome‐doubling effect on ovule‐derived plants were studied with high colchicine concentrations (0.4–6.0%) and short treatment duration (0–5 h). The best result of 4.2 diploid plants per 100 ovules was produced by treatment with 0.4% colchicine for 2.5 h. Both colchicine concentration and treatment time of ovules showed toxic effects on embryo formation, but it was stabilized at a low level with short exposure. The chromosome‐doubling effect, by contrast, was unchanged with the colchicine concentrations used, but highly affected by the duration of exposure studied. A maximum percentage of 60% diploid plants was obtained after 3–5 h of uptake, which corresponds to only 31–39% of the total capacity for colchicine uptake in the ovules. Further uptake of the drug produced mainly toxic effects. Flow‐cytometric measurements of the ploidy level in plantlets in vitro and of the same plants before flowering in soil were similar in about 80% of cases. Thus, flow‐cytometric selection of diploid plants in vitro may be an efficient tool.
Identification of PCR‐based markers linked to the powdery‐mildew‐resistance gene Pl1 from Malus robusta in cultivated apple
Authors: Markussen T. , Krüger J. , Schmidt H. , Dunemann F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe availability of molecular markers linked to mildew resistance genes would enhance the efficiency of apple‐breeding programmes. This investigation focuses on the identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the Pl1 gene for mildew resistance, which has introgressed from Malus robusta into cultivated apples. The RAPD marker technique was combined with a modified ‘bulked seg‐regant analysis’ mapping strategy. About 850 random decamer primers used as single primers or in combinations were tested by PCR analysis on the basis of resistant and susceptible DNA pools. Selected primers producing RAPD fragments were applied in an additional selection step to M. robusta and genotypes representing intermediate breeding stages of the breeding population 93/9, for which a 1:1 segregation could be observed for the resistance trait. Seven RAPD markers, all representing introgressed DNA sequences from M. robusta, were identified and arranged with the Pl1 locus in a common linkage group. The two most tightly‐linked RAPD markers, OPAT20450 and OPD21000 were mapped with a genetic distance of 4.5 and 5 cM, respectively, from the Pl1 gene. Both markers are suitable for marker‐assisted selection in apple breeding. The polymorphic DNA fragment OPAT20450 was cloned and sequenced, and longer primers for the generation of a sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker have been constructed; this marker was easier to score than the original RAPD marker.
Host plant resistance in some wild wheats to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Deol G. S. , Wilde G. E. , Gill B. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA total of 259 accessions of wild Triticum species originating from different countries, along with 91 triticale (6×)× bread wheat true‐breeding derivatives, two bread wheat, and three triticale cultivars were screened for resistance to the Russian wheat aphid, a serious insect pest of the wheat crop. Twenty‐four entries with low damage ratings on the basis of amount of leaf rolling and leaf chlorosis were retested along with resistant and susceptible controls. On the basis of leaf roll damage ratings, eight entries including four Triticum monococcum var. boeoticum (T. boeoticum), one T. monococcum var. monococcum (T. monococcum), two T. timopheevii var. araraticum (T. araraticum), and one triticale cultivar were significantly superior to ‘Karl’ (susceptible control) wheat. Among these, four accessions — three T. boeoticum and one T. araraticum— were significantly superior to all other entries and were equal to the resistant control (PI 372129) in resistance rating based on leaf rolling and leaf chlorosis (except T. boeoticum TA 202). The leaf chlorosis damage rating of all accessions were significantly lower than that of the susceptible check.
Characterization of the interspecific cross Cicer anetinum L. ×C. judaicum (Boiss)
Authors: Verma M. M. , Ravi  , Sandhu J. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn interspecific cross involving Cicer anetinum L. and C. judaicum (Boiss) No. 182 was established. The F1 could be distinguished from the parents by its prostrate growth habit at the seedling stage and through isozyme patterns for peroxidases and esterases. The inheritance of PRX‐3 was found to be relatively simple and behaved as a monomer. Meiotic studies indicated the occurrence of six bivalents and four uni‐valents in about 6% of F1 PMC's at metaphase I, but normal 8–8 chromosomal distribution in anaphase I, indicating near complete homology. The F1 hybrid was characterized for three morphological and six agronomical characters. A large F2 was studied for secondary branches per plant, 100‐seed weight (g), pods per plant, and grain yield per plant (g). Distributions of F2 for pod number and grain yield displayed high C.V. and were highly skewed in a positive direction. F2 recombinants were isolated with a very large number of secondary branches and a high pod number and yield. Such wide variability is not normally encountered in intevarietal crosses.
Gain or loss of single chromosomes in wheat‐rye addition lines and in 6x triticale detected by flow cytometry
Authors: Pfosser M. , Amon A. , Lafferty J. , Heberle‐Bors E. , Lelley T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFlow cytometric DNA analysis was used to study changes in nuclear DNA content induced by the gain or loss of chromosomes or chromosome arms in wheat‐rye addition lines and in triticale. The amount of DNA present was determined by comparison with internal reference values obtained from euploid plants. The smallest difference in the DNA level which could be detected between aneuploid and euploid plants was 1.84%. Thus, it was possible to determine aneuploidy in all cases, except when very short telocentric rye chromosomes were added to wheat (addition line 1RS). The study has proved that flow cytometry is an efficient and simple way to discriminate between euploid and aneuploid plants in wheat and triticale.