bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Complexity of Interaction with Advanced Bathroom Lighting at Home (Reduktion der Interaktionskomplexität bei hochentwickelten Badezimmerbeleuchtungssystemen für die Heimanwendung)
Authors: Lucero Andres , Lashina Tatiana , Terken Jacques 
Published: April 2006

Summary
Developments in lighting technology provide a wide range of new opportunities for domestic use which have been demonstrated in several interior design projects. At the same time, available user interfaces providing full control over these systems are too cumbersome to use and are not acceptable for the majority of consumers. To reduce this complexity, we aimed at creating an intuitive user interface control for advanced multi-source lighting systems. Based on participatory design techniques, we invited end-users to help us design and evaluate the new interaction concept. In the final evaluation the user interface design was rated highly with regard to its perceived usefulness and “ease of use”. New designs for ad-vanced lighting systems should aim at user-friendly interfaces that make the transition from ordinary light switches to these new interfaces as simple and natural as possible.
Mobile Endgeräte: Einfache Alleskönner — ein Widerspruch? (Mobile Devices and Simplicity — a Contradiction?)
Authors: Leiner Ulrich , Krzonkalla Sonja 
Published: April 2006

Zusammenfassung
Mobiltelefone sind in den letzten Jahren funktionsüberbordende Alleskönner geworden. Gleichzeitig ist die Nutzerzahl rapide auf über 2 Milliarden Menschen gewachsen. Der Beitrag analysiert die sich daraus ergebende Vielfalt an Nutzungs-Szenarien und leitet spezielle Anforderungen an das User Interface Design ab. Er vergleicht Mobiltelefone mit anderen, weit verbreiteten elektronischen Geräten, wie z.B. PCs. Ausgehend von dem immer lauter werdenden Ruf nach Vereinfachung werden verschiedene Strategien der Vereinfachung untersucht, wie Verbesserung der Ein- und Ausgabemöglichkeiten, Flexibilisierung, Personalisierung und Methoden der Funktionsreduktion bzw. -fokussierung. Den Abschluss bilden Praxisbeispiele sowie eine Einschätzung wesentlicher Entwicklungstrends.
Innovative Interaktionskonzepte für Fahrer-Informations-Systeme (Innovative Interaction Concepts for Driver Information-Systems)
Authors: Preissner Olaf , Rößger Peter 
Published: April 2006

Zusammenfassung
Fahrer-Informations-Systeme (FIS) sind hochintegrierte elektronische Systeme, die im Fahrzeug dem Fahrer Möglichkeiten zu Information, Navigation, Kommunikation und Unterhaltung bieten. Bei der Gestaltung der Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle (MMS) dieser Systeme spielen Fähigkeiten, Erwartungen und Bedürfnisse der Nutzer die Hauptrolle. Ziel ist es, neben einer möglichst einfachen Benutzbarkeit, die Einhaltung sicherheitskritischer Parameter und die Schaf-fung eines attraktiven Erscheinungsbildes. Am Beispiel des 1DIN Radionavigationssystems Cascade von Harman Becker Automotive Systems werden Probleme, Prozesse, Lösungen und Perspektiven im Bereich der HMI Gestaltung von FIS dargestellt.
Design of Communication Interfaces Together with Family Members in interLiving (Kooperative Gestaltung von Kommunikationsschnittstellen mit Familienmitgliedern im Projekt interLiving)
Authors: Westerlund Bo 
Published: April 2006

Summary
The paper describes the way in which family members were involved in a project which aimed at designing technology to enhance communication between family members of different generations between 1 and 76 years old. This called for the use of several different methods and techniques in order to get information and understanding of the persons' needs and desires. The paper also describes in greater detail how one of the prototypes was developed.
The approach was cooperative design with no specific technique or medium decided from the beginning. The researchers working in the project had different backgrounds, for example in ethnography, computer science, and industrial design. They closely worked together in the different activities. The paper concludes by discussing the approach and comparing it to other possible design processes.
Das Konzept eines Engineering Portals zur benutzerzentrierten Unterstützung der Anlagenplanung (The Concept of an Engineering Portal for the User-Centred Plant Engineering Support)
Authors: During Andre , Wittenberg Carsten , Berger Ulrich 
Published: April 2006

Zusammenfassung
Die Anlagenplanung ist durch eine stark verflochtene Organisations- und Informationsstruktur zwischen den vielen beteiligten Firmen geprägt. Die komplexen Beziehungen und Abhängigkeiten spiegeln sich in den wäh-rend der Projektierungsphase entstehenden Objekten und Dokumenten wieder, deren Inhalte – häufig bedingt durch die verzweigten Strukturen – vielfach redundant sind. Basis einer effizienten Projektierung muss deshalb die Informations- und Datendurchgängigkeit über den gesamten Projektierungsprozess hinweg und darüber hinaus auch in den späteren Phasen des Lebenszyklusses einer industriellen Anlage sein. In der hier vorgestellten Forschungsarbeit soll jedoch nicht versucht werden, die dafür notwendigen gewerkeübergreifenden Datenmodelle bzw. Objektstrukturen zu entwickeln, welche erst einen automatisierten und somit effizienten Datenaustausch ermöglichen. Vielmehr soll hier ein Portal-Konzept vorgestellt werden, wie ein optimiertes Informationsmanagement inklusive Datenaustausch aus der benutzerzentrierten Sicht eines Projekteurs aussehen könnte, d.h. wie Objekte, Objektzustände und Funktionen in einem Objektmanager optimal darge-stellt und genutzt werden können.
An insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism modifies the risk of microalbuminuria in subjects with an abnormal glucose tolerance
Authors: Rietveld I , Hofman A , Pols H A P , van Duijn C M , Lamberts S W J , Janssen J A M J L 
Published: April 2006

Objective: Microalbuminuria (MA) is related to cardiovascular disease both in diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects.
Design: We investigated whether a polymorphism near the promoter region of the IGF-I gene was related to the development of MA.
Methods: For this study, 1069 participants of the Rotterdam study were selected (440 participants with an abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT), 220 participants with type 2 diabetes and 254 subjects with pre-diabetes, and 595 subjects with a normal glucose tolerance (NGT).
Results: 787 subjects were carriers of the wild type IGF-I genotype (73.6%) and 282 subjects were variant carriers (26.4%) of this IGF-I gene polymorphism. Compared to subjects with NGT the risk for microalbuminuria was higher (Odds Ratio (OR): 3.1 (95% CI: 1.2–7.7); P = 0.02) in variant carriers with AGT than in carriers of the wild type of this IGF-I gene polymorphism (OR: 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2–4.0); P = 0.009). Compared with wild type carriers with AGT, the relative risk for MA was unadjusted and non-significantly increased in variant carriers with AGT (1.6; 95% CI: 0.8–2.9). However, after adjustment for possible confounding factors (age, gender, mean blood pressure, fasting insulin, fasting glucose and smoking) this risk became significant (OR: RR 2.1; 95% CI:1.1–4.4; P = 0.04).
Conclusions: In subjects with AGT, a higher risk for MA was observed in variant carriers than in carriers of the wild type genotype of this IGF-I gene polymorphism. Since MA is primarily associated with cardiovascular disease in subjects with AGT, our study suggests that variant carriers have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease than carriers of the wild type when they develop an AGT.
An alternative spliced variant of circulating soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-2 is paradoxically associated with insulin action
Authors: Fernández-Real José Manuel , Straczkowski Marek , Lainez Begoña , Chacón Matilde R , Kowalska Irina , López-Bermejo Abel , García-España Antonio , Nikolajuk Agnieszka , Kinalska Ida , Ricart Wifredo 
Published: April 2006

Objective: Serum concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptor 2 (sTNFR2) are associated with insulin resistance. In a recent study, we provided evidence for the existence of a biologically active form of sTNFR2 produced by alternative splicing (DS-TNFR2). We aimed to evaluate whether this circulating DS-TNFR2 is associated with insulin action in humans.
Design and methods: Real time PCR (light cycler technology) evaluated DS-TNFR2 expression in monocytes. DS-TNFR2 was measured using a monoclonal antibody against an epitope present in TNFR2 (first 14 residues of the juxtamembrane region) but predicted to be absent in soluble proteolytic cleavage-produced TNFR2. Insulin sensitivity was measured using euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (n = 76) and homeostatic model of assessment (HOMA) value in a replication study of 223 subjects.
Results: Real time PCR confirmed gene expression of DS-TNFR2 in monocytes from healthy subjects. A significant and positive association was found between serum DS-TNFR2 concentration and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.032, n = 76). This association was most significant in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (r = 0.44, P = 0.002). The subjects in whom DS-TNFR2 was detectable were more insulin sensitive than those with undetectable DS-TNFR2 (42.12±22.08 vs 31.71± 16.95 μmol × kg−1 × min−1, P = 0.039). DS-TNFR2 was inversely associated with body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting serum glucose, serum triglycerides and serum uric acid concentration and with the HOMA value (P = 0.03) in the replication study. Circulating DS-TNFR2 declined with increased number of components of the metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: Native sTNFR2 and DS-TNFR2 show opposite associations with insulin action. DS-TNFR2 might play a role as a counterpart of the proinflammatory environment associated with insulin resistance.
Free fatty acids decrease circulating ghrelin concentrations in humans
Authors: Gormsen Lars C , Gjedsted Jakob , Gjedde Signe , Vestergaard Esben Thyssen , Christiansen Jens S , Jørgensen Jens Otto , Nielsen Søren , Møller Niels 
Published: April 2006

Objective: Concentrations of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin is affected by a number of hormones, which also affect circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFAs). The present study was therefore designed to determine the direct effect of FFAs on circulating ghrelin.
Design: Eight lean, healthy men were examined for 8 h on four occasions using variable infusion rates (0, 3, 6 and 12 μl/kg per min) of intralipid to create different plasma FFA concentrations. Constant levels of insulin and GH were obtained by administration of acipimox (250 mg) and somatostatin (300 μg/h). At the end of each study day a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp was performed.
Results: Four distinct levels of FFAs were obtained at the end of the lipid infusion period (FFALIPID: 0.03 ± 0.00 vs: 0.49 ± 0.04, 0.92 ± 0.08 and 2.09 ± 0.38 mmol/l; ANOVA P < 0.0001) and during hyperinsulinaemia (FFALIPID+INSULIN: 0.02 ± 0.00 vs: 0.34 ± 0.03, 0.68 ± 0.09 and 1.78 ± 0.32 mmol/l; ANOVA P < 0.0001). Whereas, somatostatin infusion alone reduced ghrelin concentration by ~67%, concomitant administration of increasing amounts of intralipid reduced circulating ghrelin by a further 14, 19 and 19% respectively (change in ghrelin: 0.52 ± 0.05 vs: 0.62 ± 0.06, 0.72 ± 0.09 and 0.71 ± 0.05 μg/l; ANOVA P = 0.04). No further reduction in ghrelin concentration was observed during hyperinsulinaemia.
Conclusion: FFA exposure between 0 and 1 mmol/l significantly suppresses ghrelin levels independent of ambient GH and insulin levels.
High-dose glucocorticoids increase serum levels of soluble IL-6 receptor α and its ratio to soluble gp130: an additional mechanism for early increased bone resorption
Authors: Dovio Andrea , Perazzolo Laura , Saba Laura , Termine Angela , Capobianco Marco , Bertolotto Antonio , Angeli Alberto 
Published: April 2006

Objective: Glucocorticoids (GCs) at pharmacological doses stimulate bone resorption. Mechanisms of this action are unclear. The osteoclastogenic cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 acts through an oligomeric receptor consisting of two subunits, gp80 (or IL-6 receptor α, IL-6Rα) and gp130; both exist in membrane and soluble forms. Soluble IL-6Rα (sIL-6Rα) enhances, while sgp130 inhibits IL-6 signalling. In vitro, GCs enhance many effects of IL-6 by up-regulation of IL-6Rα. The aim of the present study was to assess acute changes of IL-6 system in the peripheral blood of patients given high-dose GCs.
Subjects and methods: Serum levels of IL-6, sIL-6Rα, sgp130 and bone turnover markers were assessed before and each day during treatment in 24 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients undergoing high-dose (prednisolone, 15 mg/kg per day), short-term (3 to 5 days) intravenous GC therapy for relapse at the Regional Multiple Sclerosis Centre.
Results: An immediate and marked fall of osteocalcin and an early increase of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were already noticed at day 2 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.02, respectively); both became more apparent in the subsequent days. IL-6 was always below or near the detection limit of our ELISA. sgp130 showed a slight increase. sIL-6Rα significantly increased, peaking at day 4 (P < 0.01). However, inter-individual variability of response was noticed. Four patients showed a slight decrease, while no change was observed in one patient and an increase was noticed in the remaining nineteen (maximum change ranging from +10% to +67% with respect to baseline). In these patients, a significant increase of sIL-6Rα/sgp130 ratio was apparent. No correlation was found between bone turnover markers and any measured component of the IL-6 system.
Conclusions: sIL-6Rα and sIL-6Rα/sgp130 ratio are precociously increased in the peripheral blood of the vast majority of patients given high-dose, intravenous GCs. The increase of systemically available sIL-6Rα conceivably results in the enhancement of IL-6-dependent osteoclastogenesis. The role of such a mechanism in the bone loss observed in inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases (where abundancy of IL-6 in the bone microenvironment is expected) requires further investigation.
Overview of Theoretical and Computational Methods Applied to the Oxygen‐Organic Molecule Photosystem
Authors: Paterson Martin J. , Christiansen Ove , Jensen Frank , Ogilby Peter R. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThe challenges of using modern theoretical and computational tools to model the unique features of the oxygen‐organic molecule photosystem are discussed from a historical and pedagogical perspective. This review is written for the novice, but the problems formulated should stimulate the expert.
In Vitro Characteristics and In Vivo Immunosuppressive Activity of Compact Bone-Derived Murine Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells
Authors: Guo Zikuan , Li Hong , Li Xiusen , Yu Xiaodan , Wang Hengxiang , Tang Peihsien , Mao Ning 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn contrast to the considerable amount of data that documents the biological properties of mesenchymal progenitor cells from human and other species, there is still paucity of information about mouse counterparts, as their purification and culture expansion procedures remain rudimentary. In the present study, murine mesenchymal progenitor cell (muMPC) culture was developed by explant culture of collagenase-digested bone fragments after removal of the released cells. During cultivation, fibroblastoid cells sprouted and migrated from the fragments, followed by adherent monolayer development. The cells exhibited homogenous surface antigen profile and presented in vitro multipotential differentiation along osteocyte, chondrocyte, and adipocyte lineages, as evaluated by matched cell or matrix staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques. Also, the surface antigenic epitope changed and potential of proliferation and multidifferentiation decreased with successive subculturing. Functional investigations demonstrated that these cells supported in vitro hematopoiesis and suppressed lymphocyte cell proliferation triggered by ConA or allogeneic splenocytes. Furthermore, muMPCs prolonged the mean survival time of skin grafts across the major histocompatibility barrier (H2b → H2d), suggestive of the immunosuppressive effects in vivo. The findings demonstrate that muMPCs obtained with this simple protocol are similar in property to their marrow counterparts, and thus, the protocol described here could be used for further investigations in mouse physiological and pathological models.
Effects of a Waste Paper Product on Soil Phosphorus, Carbon, and Bulk Density
Authors: Brauer David , Aiken Glen 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTApplications of manures to agricultural fields have increased soil test values for P to high levels in parts of the USA and thus increased the likelihood that P will be transported to surface water and degrade its quality. Waste paper applications to soils with high STP (soil test P) may decrease the risk of P transport to surface water by decreasing DRP (dissolved reactive P) by the formation of insoluble Al–P complexes and providing organic matter to improve infiltration. A field experiment was conducted near Booneville, AR (USA) to assess the effects of different rates of a waste paper product addition on STP, soil bulk density, and total soil C with a soil with approximately 45 mg Bray1‐P kg−1 soil (dry weight). A Leadvale silt loam soil (fine‐silty, siliceous, thermic Typic Fragiudult) was amended with 0, 22, 44, or 88 Mg waste paper product ha−1 to supply approximately 90, 170, or 350 kg Al ha−1, respectively. One year after additions, there was a strong negative correlation between waste paper product application rates and soil bulk density, and a strong positive correlation between rates and total soil C content. Soil bulk density and total C 2 yr after additions, and soil DRP and Bray1‐P were not affected by waste paper additions. These results support the hypothesis that decreases in DRP in runoff from soils receiving waste paper additions were probably due to changes in soil organic matter and bulk density, rather than changes in the chemical forms of soil P.
Identifying Sources of Fecal Contamination Inexpensively with Targeted Sampling and Bacterial Source Tracking
Authors: McDonald Jennifer L. , Hartel Peter G. , Gentit Lisa C. , Belcher Carolyn N. , Gates Keith W. , Rodgers Karen , Fisher Jared A. , Smith Katy A. , Payne Karen A. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTMost bacterial source tracking (BST) methods are too expensive for most communities to afford. We developed targeted sampling as a prelude to BST to reduce these costs. We combined targeted sampling with three inexpensive BST methods, Enterococcus speciation, detection of the esp gene, and fluorometry, to confirm the sources of fecal contamination to beaches on Georgia's Jekyll and Sea Islands during calm and stormy weather conditions. For Jekyll Island, the most likely source of contamination was bird feces because the percentage of Ent. faecalis was high (30%) and the esp gene was not detected. For the Sea Island beach during calm conditions, the most likely sources of fecal contamination were leaking sewer lines and wildlife feces. The leaking sewer lines were confirmed with fluorometry and detection of the esp gene. For the Sea Island beach during stormflow conditions, the most likely sources of fecal contamination were wildlife feces and runoff discharging from two county‐maintained pipes. For the pipes, the most likely source of contamination was bird feces because the percentage of Ent. faecalis was high (30%) and the esp gene was not detected. Sediments were also a reservoir of fecal enterococci for both Jekyll and Sea Islands. Combining targeted sampling with two or more BST methods identified sources of fecal contamination quickly, easily, and inexpensively. This combination was the first time targeted sampling was conducted during stormy conditions, and the first time targeted sampling was combined with enterococcal speciation, detection of the esp gene, and fluorometry.
Predicting Phosphorus Availability from Soil‐Applied Composted and Non‐Composted Cattle Feedlot Manure
Authors: Zvomuya Francis , Helgason Bobbi L. , Larney Francis J. , Janzen H. Henry , Akinremi Olalekan O. , Olson Barry M. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTPrediction of phosphorus (P) availability from soil‐applied composts and manure is important for agronomic and environmental reasons. This study utilized chemical properties of eight composted and two non‐composted beef cattle (Bos taurus) manures to predict cumulative phosphorus uptake (CPU) during a 363‐d controlled environment chamber bioassay. Ten growth cycles of canola (Brassica napus L.) were raised in pots containing 2 kg of a Dark Brown Chernozemic clay loam soil (fine‐loamy, mixed, Typic Haploboroll) mixed with 0.04 kg of the amendments. Inorganic P fertilizer (KH2PO4) and an unamended control were included for comparison. All treatments received a nutrient solution containing an adequate supply of all essential nutrients, except P, which was supplied by the amendments. Cumulative P uptake was similar for composted (74 mg kg−1 soil) and non‐composted manures (60 mg kg−1 soil) and for the latter and the fertilizer (40 mg kg−1 soil). However, the CPU was significantly higher for organic amendments than the control (24 mg kg−1 soil) and for composted manure than the fertilizer. Apparent phosphorus recovery (APR) from composted manure (24%) was significantly lower than that from non‐composted manure (33%), but there was no significant difference in APR between the organic amendments and the fertilizer (27%). Partial least squares (PLS) regression indicated that only two parameters [total water‐extractable phosphorus () and total phosphorus (TP) concentration of amendments] were adequate to model amendment‐derived cumulative phosphorus uptake (ACPU), explaining 81% of the variation in ACPU. These results suggest that P availability from soil‐applied composted and non‐composted manures can be adequately predicted from a few simple amendment chemical measurements. Accurate prediction of P availability and plant P recovery may help tailor manure and compost applications to plant needs and minimize the buildup of bioavailable P, which can contribute to eutrophication of sensitive aquatic systems.
WAGR(O?) syndrome and congenital ptosis caused by an unbalanced t(11;15)(p13;p11.2)dn demonstrating a 7 megabase deletion by FISH
Authors: Lennon P.A. , Scott D.A. , Lonsdorf D. , Wargowski D.S. , Kirkpatrick S. , Patel A. , Cheung S.W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAniridia usually occurs in isolation, but may also occur as part of the WAGR contiguous gene deletion syndrome, which includes Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities, and mental retardation. The aniridia and predisposition for Wilms tumor seen in WAGR are caused by haploinsufficiency for PAX 6 and WT1, respectively. We present a female infant with aniridia, bilateral ptosis, bilateral posterior capsular cataracts, nystagmus, left‐sided glaucoma, microcephaly, mild unilateral hydronephrosis, poor linear growth, and gross motor delay consistent with a clinical diagnosis of WAGR syndrome. In addition, weight‐for‐height ratio at 12 months is at the 94th centile, raising the possibility of a diagnosis of WAGRO (WAGR + Obesity). Chromosome analysis revealed a translocation (11;15)(p13;p11.2) which has not been previously associated with a diagnosis of WAGR. Subsequent clinical WAGR fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis demonstrated a deletion of 11p13 including PAX6 and WT1. A complete FISH‐mapping of the breakpoints on chromosome 11 revealed a 7 Mb deletion within 11p13–11p14. The patient is examined in light of other reported patients with deletions and/or translocations involving the regions between 11p12 → 11p14 including patients with WAGR + obesity (WAGRO) as well as with other reported patients with aniridia and congenital ptosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.