bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of Afferent Connections to the Rostral Spinocerebellar Tract in the Cat
Authors: OSCARSSON O. , UDDENBERG N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOscarsson, O. and N. Uddenberg. Properties of afferent connections to the rostral spinocerebellar tract in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 143–153. – Properties of the rostral spinocerebellar tract (RSCT) have been studied and compared with those of its functional hindlimb equivalent, the ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT). Both RSCT and VSCT are monosynaptically activated from high threshold Group I muscle afferents and polysynaptically influenced from the flexor reflex afferents. Excitation from Group I afferents is mono‐, di‐, and polysynaptic in the RSCT, but exclusively monosynaptic in the VSCT. The monosynaptic linkage has different properties in the two tracts. The effects from the flexor reflex afferents are predominantly excitatory in the RSCT and predominantly inhibitory in the VSCT. The significance of similarities and differences in the organization of the two tracts is discussed.
The Uptake of Inspired 14CO2 into the Acid‐Labile, the Acid‐Soluble, the Lipid, the Protein and the Nucleic Acid Fractions of Rat Brain Tissue
Authors: SIESJÖ BO K. , THOMPSON W. O‘ B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSiesjö, B. K. and W. O' B. Thompson. The uptake of inspired 14CO2 into the acid‐labile, the acid‐soluble, the lipid, the protein and the nucleic acid fractions of rat brain tissue. Acta physiol, scand. 1965. 64. 182–192. –The rate of incorporation of 14CO2 into the acid‐labile, the acid‐soluble, the protein, the lipid and the nucleic acid fractions of brain tissue was studied in rats, exposed to a constant concentration of 14CO2 in the inspired air for periods varying between 2 and 120 min. At the end of each exposure the head of the animal was frozen in situ with liquid nitrogen, and the 14CO2 activity in the acid‐labile, diffusible CO2 fraction of the tissue was determined by means of a liquid scintillation technique after previous absorption of the CO2 in Hyamine‐10X. For the determination of the 14CO2 activity in the organic tissue fractions, these were digested in in Hyamine‐10X before counting. The total activity of 14CO2 in the tissue increased roughly exponentially during the first 60 min, after that time the increase was roughly linear. The corporation of 14CO2 into the acid‐labile tissue fraction (HCO‐2, CO2) could be approximately described as an inflow into a two‐compartment system, equilibrium being reached after about 45 min. The uptake of 14CO2 into the acid‐labile fraction of cortical tissue was somewhat more rapid than into that of the whole brain. The incorporation of 14CO2 into the organic fractions of the tissue, i. e. the difference between the total uptake and the uptake into the acid‐labile fraction, proceeded at a rate which was linear with time. At 15, 30, 60 and 120 min 8, 13, 21 and 32 per cent, respectively, of the total 14CO2 present in the tissue was recovered in the organic fractions. Most of the organic 14CO2 was recovered in the acid‐soluble fraction, which contained about 85 per cent of the organically bound 14CO2, while the remaining activity was found predominantly in the protein fraction. The lipid and the nucleic acid fractions were about equally labelled, in none of these fractions did the 14CO2 activity ever exceed 1 per cent of the total 14CO2 activity in the tissue.The results obtained lend support to the assumption that bicarbonate ions, or hydrogen ions, are actively transported between brain tissue and blood plasma.
The Metabolism of Fatty Acids in the Rat VII. Linoleic Acid
Authors: GÖRANSSON GÖRAN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGóransson, G. The metabolism of fatty acids in the rat. VII. Linoleic acid. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 204–210. –1‐C14‐linoleic acid and H3‐palmitic acid complexed with serum were simultaneously injected into normal rats of two nutritional states and the distribution of radioactivity investigated. It was found that the labeled linoleic acid disappeared more rapidly from the blood than the labeled palmitic acid. At 5 min less linoleic acid than palmitic acid label was recovered from the fasted rats. The distribution of radioactivity between the neutral lipid and phospholipid fractions in the separate tissues from the fasted rats agreed with the fatty acid composition of each fraction. The pattern of radioactivity in the blood phospholipids at 320 min closely resembled that in the liver phospholipids at 5 min.
Adrenergic Transmission at Vasoconstrictor Nerve Terminals Partially Depleted of Noradrenaline1
Authors: SEDVALL GÖRAN , THORSON JAN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSedvall, G. and J. Thorson.Adrenergic transmission at vasoconstrictor nerve terminals partially depleted of noradrenaline. Acta physiol. scand.1965.64. 251–258. – The circulatory responses to activation of the vasoconstrictor nerves in skeletal muscle of the cat were studied after partial depletion of their transmitter stores by the action of reserpine and nerve impulses. In spite of the presence of 30 per cent of the noradrenaline store, practically no responses to vasoconstrictor nerve stimulation were obtained provided that the physiological impulse discharge had been impinging on the stores for 2.5 hrs after reserpine administration (5 mg/kg i. v.). If the impulse flow had been interrupted during this time, 40 per cent of the store was present and normal vasoconstrictor responses were obtained. At 10 hrs after reserpine, only a 10 per cent fraction of the noradrenaline store was left but normal responses were still produced – provided that no impulses had reached the nerve endings after the administration of reserpine. About 80 per cent of this small fraction could be depleted by electrical stimulation of the vasoconstrictor nerves. No difference in the sensitivity of the blood vessels to injected noradrenaline could be found as a result of decentralization or differences in the duration of reserpine treatment. The results suggest that a large part of the noradrenaline store in vasoconstrictor nerves is not directly available for release by nerve impulses in the reserpinized cat. The ability of the nerves to transmit vasoconstrictor impulses appears to be dependent on the presence of a small noradrenaline fraction, constituting 10–15 per cent of the total store.
Exchangeable Water, Sodium and Chloride in the Skin of Mice
Authors: LANGGÅRD HANS 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLanggård, H. Exchangeable water, sodium and chloride in the skin of mice. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 263–268. – The exchangeability of water, sodium and chloride in skin has been studied in untreated mice, in mice with localized acute inflammatory edema and in mice with estradiol induced edema of the skin. The total amounts of water and sodium were found to be readily exchangeable whereas 15 per cent of the tissue chloride, in untreated mice, was exchanged at a much lower rate. The findings in the mice with acute inflammatory edema and in mice treated with estradiol indicated a possible relationship between the slowly exchangeable chloride and the amount of acid mucopolysaccharides in the skin.
Energetics of Isometric and Isotonic Contraction in Isolated Vascular Smooth Muscle under Anaerobic Conditions
Authors: LUNDHOLM LENNART , MOHME‐LUNDHOLM ELLA 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLundholm, L. and E. Mohme‐Lundholm. Energetics of isometric and isotonic contraction in isolated vascular smooth muscle under anaerobic conditions. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 275–282. –In experiments on isolated bovine mesenteric artery the energy production was determined from the lactic acid production under anaerobic conditions. During isometric contraction of the muscle preparations, addition of adrenaline or of potassium ions resulted in a 3‐ to 5‐fold elevation of the metabolism concomitant with a rise of tension. When the tension had reached maximal level, the metabolic elevation was more moderate ‐ approximately 60 per cent in the experiments with adrenaline and about 20 per cent in those with potassium ions. Thus the muscle consumed more energy in attaining a certain tension level than in maintaining it. Total consumption of high energy phosphate compounds on isometric contraction was estimated to exceed the preformed content by approximately 300 per cent. The energy demand was appreciably greater for isometric than for isotonic contraction, both during the increasing tension phase and during maintenance of constant tension. – Dibenamine blocked the metabolic stimulating and the contractile effects of adrenaline, but not the effects of potassium ions.
On the Regulation of Sweat Secretion in Exercise
Authors: NIELSEN BODIL , NIELSEN MARIUS 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNielsen B. and M. Nielsen. On the regulation of sweat secretion in exercise. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 314–322. – With exception of the first few minutes of muscular exercise, the sweat rate both in the work and the recovery period was found to follow closely the changes in deep esophageal and tympanic temperatures. – In the steady state of work of various intensities, performed at a constant environmental temperature the mean skin temperature remained constant, whereas there was a linear relationship between sweat rate and internal temperatures measured as rectal, esophageal and tympanic temperatures. In the steady state of work of constant intensity but at various environmental temperatures (5° C to 30° C) the internal temperatures (rectal, esophageal and tympanic) remained constant, and the sweat rate (150 to 750 g per hr) increased nearly linearly with increasing mean skin temperature. The mean skin temperature was, however, even at 30° C amb. temp, lower than that at which sweating was elicited in rest. – Elimination of the temperature gradient along the esophagus by breathing air saturated with water vapor at body temperature had no effect on either sweat rate, or tympanic and other internal temperatures. The effect of vigorous cooling of the neck over the carotid arteries was only small.
Ionic Accumulation by Water Flow through a Membrane
Authors: RAPOPORT STANLEY I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRapoport, S. I. Ionic accumulation by water flow through a membrane. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 361–371. – The relation between diffusion and water flow for solutions of KC1 and of KCl + LiCl, was studied in the absence of electric current on artificial, wide pore membranes which were effectively uncharged and nonselective. Ionic mobilities in the membrane were obtained from limiting ionic conductances in water. Diffusion coefficients for KCl in the membrane were obtained under zero and non‐zero flow conditions. They were used to compare predicted with observed steady state,“specific ionic” and“accumulation” ratios. Significant disagreement was found only between the diffusion coefficient derived from the observed accumulation ratios and the zero flow coefficient. Possible reasons were discussed. An accumulation ratio of 6.9, for K+ to Li+, was obtained. In the non‐steady state, the flux of KCI, when the sole solute, could be represented by a proposed equation (Eq. 4). With KCl + LiCl, the net cationic flux ratio could also be predicted (Eq. 8). At the steady state, the system represented a first order state, in which the force acting on water was constant and in which a transport mechanism, which was not ion specific, existed.
The Incorporation of Fatty Acids into the Alpha and Beta Positions of Liver and Adipose Tissue Lipids of the Rat
Authors: GÖRANSSON GÖRAN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGöransson, G. The incorporation of fatty acids into the Alpha and Beta positions of liver and adipose tissue lipids of the rat. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 387–391. – Labeled lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic acids were intravenously injected into fasted, male rats and the esterification at the alpha and beta position of glycerol in liver and adipose tissue lipids studied. The fatty acids were rapidly incorporated into both alpha and beta positions of liver and adipose tissue lipids. Each fatty acid was incorporated into the alpha and beta position in proportion to the amount at which that fatty acid normally occurs in each position. Thus the unsaturated fatty acids were mainly esterified at the beta position and the saturated acids at the alpha position.
Some Factors Regulating Normal Arylesterase Activity of Blood Plasma in Rats
Authors: AUGUSTINSSON KLAS‐BERTIL , HENRICSON BENGT 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAugustinsson K. ‐B. and B. Henricson. Some factors regulating normal arylesterase activity of blood plasma in rats. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 418–425. – A series of experiments were carried out in order to find the best conditions for further genetic studies on plasma arylesterase activity in rats. Arylesterase was absent in the plasma at birth and adult activity levels were reached at the age of about 40 days. Females had a higher activity than males. The importance of technical details regarding narcosis, blood sampling and handling of samples before esterase determination was investigated. In rats starved for 42 hrs, but otherwise untreated, the plasma arylesterase activity increased about 40 per cent. Refeeding cf starved rats for 4 hrs before blood sampling decreased the activity. The condition of momentary consumption of food greatly influenced the plasma arylesterase activity.
Influence of the Thymus on Thyroxin‐induced Changes in Blood Lymphocytes of Young Guinea‐pigs
Authors: ERNSTRÖM ULF , LARSSON BENGT 
Published: December 2008

AbstractErnström, U. and B. Larsson. Influence of the thymus on thyroxin‐induced changes in blood lymphocytes of young guinea‐pigs. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 426–433. – Young male guinea‐pigs were thymectomized or sham‐operated, and treated with thyroxin or saline shortly after operation or one month after it. The influence of thyroxin on the total number of blood lymphocytes, and on blood lymphocytes with different mitochondrial content, was compared in thymectomized and sham‐operated animals. The average mitochondrial content of the blood lymphocytes was not influenced by thymectomy, but was highly increased by thyroxin treatment in both sham‐operated and thymectomized animals. Thyroxin treatment decreased the number of lymphocytes/mm3 of blood in the thymectomized animals, but not in the sham‐operated ones. This reduction was due exclusively to a decreased number of lymphocytes with low mitochondrial content; it was highly significant one month after thymectomy but not significant shortly after it. Thyroxin treatment increased the absolute number of blood lymphocytes with a high mitochondrial content, significantly in the sham‐operated and almost significantly in the thymectomized animals. It is concluded that an intact thymus is not necessary for a thyroxininduced increase in the number of blood lymphocytes with high mitochondrial content. In addition, the results suggest that thymectomy of young guinea‐pigs causes a failure of the thymo‐lymphatic system to maintain an unchanged number of small lymphocytes/mm3 of blood during thyroxin treatment. This failure is not manifested immediately after thymectomy, but is significantly established one month after it.
Determination of the Mixed Venous CO2 Pressure with a Rebreathing Method Correction for Volume Changes of the Lung‐Bag System
Authors: LUNDIN G. , THOMSON D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLundin, G. and D. Thomson. Determination of the mixed venous CO2 pressure with a rebreathing method. Correction for volume changes of the lung‐bag system. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 64. 448–452. For determining the cardiac output with Fick's equation the mixed venous CO2 content can be determined with a rebreathing technique. During the rebreathing the nitrogen‐ and CO2 percentages in the bag were simultaneously registered by fast nitrogen‐ and CO2 meters. This allowed the correction of the CO2 values caused by volume changes of the lung‐rebreathing bag system due to the difference in O2 uptake and CO2 elimination. When this correction is applied, higher values for the cardiac output should be obtained.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Preoptic Lesions
Authors: Anderson B. , Gale C. C. , Hökfelt B. , Larsson B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAnderson, B., C. C. Gale, B. Hökfelt and B. Larsson.Acute and chronic effects of preoptic lesions. Acta physiol. scand. 1965,65, 45–60. — The effects of preoptic and preoptic/hypothalamic lesions were studied in unanesthetized goats. A gradual destruction of the entire preoptic region (the “heat loss center”) was induced by proton irradiation in two animals. The lesions caused a permanently raised heat‐dissipation threshold, an impaired resistance to cold, a complete adipsia and a lack of thermal inhibition of food intake. A febrile response to pyrogen was obtained in spite of the destruction of the preoptic region. In contrast to the proton lesions a rapidly induced radio‐frequency (RF) coagulation was fatal if restricted to the preoptic region. It caused initial strong shivering and peripheral vasoconstriction, sympathico‐adrenomedullary and thyroid activation, severe hyperthermia, hyperglycemia, and death within 16 hours in three goats studied. An ability to respond to severe hyperthermia with polypnea remained in these goats. In two goats preoptic RF‐lesions were extended to involve most of the anterior hypothalamus. These animals survived an initial period of hyperthermia and sympathico‐adrenomedullary activation. One of them was studied for 8 months and showed similar disturbances of temperature regulation and alimentation as the proton irradiated goats. In one goat the RF lesions was extended further caudally to involve also the mid‐hypothalamic region. The immediate effects were virtual disappearance of urinary excretion of noradrenaline development of marked hypothermia, and considerable hypoglycemia.
Autoradiography of Injected Albumin‐Bound l‐C14‐‐Palmitate in Pigeon Pectoralis Muscle
Authors: Wirsén Claes 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWirsén, C.Autoradiography of injected albumin‐bound 1‐C14‐palmilate in pigeon pectoralis muscle. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65. 120–125. — Labeled albumin‐bound palmitate was injected i. v. into laboratory pigeons and specimens from pectoralis major and minor removed after 3, 6 and 15 min. Autoradiography on fresh‐frozen sections was performed with the method developed by Ullberg 1954. The activity was distinctly stronger in red muscle fibers than in white. It is suggested that the uptake of palmitic acid in skeletal muscle is a selective process.
On the Variation of DLCOwith Increasing Oxygen Uptake During Exercise in Healthy Trained Young Men and Women
Authors: Holmgren A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHolmgren, A.On the variation ofDLCOwith increasing oxygen uptake during exercise in healthy trained, young men and women. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.65, 207–220. — DLCOwas measured during exercise in the sitting position on a bicycle ergometer, at varying loads in ten young, trained women and ten young, trained men using the steady state technique. DLCOwas found to increase hyperbolically with increasing Vo2and reached an approximate niveau at a heart rate ≪ 120 beats per min. The mean of all determinations above this heart rate was taken as a measure of the maximum DlCOfor each subject and averaged 34.8 units in the female group and 47.9 units in the male group. This value for DlCOwas highly correlated to a number of measures of body size, the dimensions of the cardio vascular system and the lungs. A significant correlation of DlCOto pulmonary and circulatory dimensions remained after elimination of body size. DlCOof the present trained group was compared with that of a corresponding untrained group with covariance analyses. DlCOin the trained group was higher than that in the untrained group. This difference was matched by a difference in body size, and dimensions of the cardiovascular system and lung volumes. The DLCOof the girls was found to be lower than that of the boys. This difference was larger than the difference in body size.
Drug‐Induced Changes in Monoamine Levels in the Sympathetic Adrenergic Ganglion Cells and Terminals A histochemical study
Authors: Norberg Karl‐Axel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNorberg, K.‐A.Drug‐induced changes in monoamine levels in the sympathetic adrenergic ganglion cells and terminals. A histochemical study. Acta physiol. scand. 1965.65, 221–234.— The cell bodies of peripheral adrenergic neurons in rat sympathetic ganglia have been studied and compared with the adrenergic nerve terminals in respect of drug‐induced changes in CA levels and uptake‐accumulation of CA, DOPA and 5‐HTP, using the histochemical fluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp. The cell bodies show about the same rapid depletion as the terminals following the administration of reserpine anda‐MMT but recover much more quickly. After m‐tyrosine, depletion and recovery occur rapidly and simultaneously in both parts of the neuron. The findings are in accordance with the view that the transmitter granules are formed in the cell bodies. The increased NA content observed in the superior cervical ganglion following the administration of MAO inhibitors was found to be localized predominantly to the cell bodies of the adrenergic neuron. The cells react largely as two different populations: one showing a more or less pronounced amine increase, the other no or only a slight increase. — An accumulation of CA is found in the adrenergic neuron but not in other types of peripheral neurons following the administration of DA, NA or L‐DOPA. The efficient reserpine‐insensitive mechanism for the uptake‐concentration of NA that is localized to the level of the cell membrane of the adrenergic axons and terminals (Hambergeret al. 1964, Malmfors 1965) is present also in the cell bodies. — As regards the uptake or possibly decarboxylation of DOPA and 5‐HTP, the adrenergic neuron shows a marked specificity for DOPA. — The experiments show that the cell bodies and terminals have qualitatively the same properties.
The Adrenergic Innervation of the Eye as Demonstrated by Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Malmfors Torbjörn 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMalmfors, T. The adrenergic innervations of the eye as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65. 259–267. — Ocular tissues from different species (mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cat and monkey) have been examined with the fluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp, which visualizes the adrenergic postganglionic sympathetic nerves. In addition to the generally accepted innervation of the vessels (particularly in the vascular layer of the eye) and of the dilator, there were found also an adrenergic innervation of the sphincter and an adrenergic ground‐plexus among the capillaries in the choroid and the ciliary body. There was not, on the other hand, found any adrenergic innervation of the retinal vessels (except in the optic papilla) and no clear innervation of the ciliary mudcle. All the adrenergic nerves to the eye seemed to arise from the upper cervical ganglion. The present observations are discussed in relation to earlier physiological and pharmacological findings.