bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy Testing of Bio-fertilizer Based on Azotobacter on Sweet Corn (Zea mays convar)
Authors: Mishra Prateek , Sharma Surbhi , Kumar Shravan , Singh Anjali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Excessive utilization of agrochemical fertilizers significantly leads to the decline of soil quality and its flora, it also affect human health. A material called bio-fertilizer contains living microorganisms that are advantageous to the growth and development of plants.Due to the impact of biofertilizers on enhancing crop yield, there is a growing focus on exploring beneficial microbes as biofertilizers within the agricultural domain. Consequently, this study was carried out to assess the efficacy of Azotobacterbiofertilizer on Sweet Corn (Zea mays convar).An experiment in a controlled artificial greenhouse setting involved 21 different treatments utilizing varying quantities of inoculants and carrier materials to create biofertilizer. The carrier material, derived from locally accessible raw materials such as cow dung, leaf litter, peat soil, lignite, charcoal, and vermiculite, serves as a substrate capable of hosting microbial inoculants and maintaining their viability for a specific duration, while also being easily accessible to farmers. Following the sowing of sweetcorn seeds for a month, the resulting germinated plants underwent analysis for parameters including plant height, stem girth, leaf count, length and width of leaves, as well as root length.The quantity of seed germination and the duration required for seeds to germinate were also recorded. Out of the 21 treatments, ST11, comprising 400 ml of inoculants combined with 300 g of carrier material, displayed higher values for plant parameters compared to the other treatments, although the statistical significance among all treatments was minimal. Each plant parameter responded differently to the various treatments. Contrary to the findings of others, the seeds immersed in microbial inoculant (ST2) did not notably enhance plant growth except for the number of leaves per plant. To validate the effectiveness of the formulated biofertilizer, a control was established: one set of seeds were sown solely in pot soil, while another contained only carrier material (ST21) without any microbial inoculant, which did not facilitate plant growth. Overall, plants treated with biofertilizer exhibited a positive response in terms of plant growth compared to the control group.
PEMOCS: Evaluating the effects of a concept-guided, PErsonalized, MOtor-Cognitive exergame training on cognitive functions and gait in chronic Stroke – study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huber Simone K. , Knols Rudolf H. , Held Jeremia P.O. , Betschart Martina , de Bruin Eling D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Many stroke survivors remain with residual cognitive and motor impairments despite receiving timely acute and sub-acute rehabilitation. This indicates that rehabilitation following stroke should be continuous to meet the needs of individual stroke patients. Both, cognitive and motor functions are essential for mastering daily life and, therefore, should be aimed at with rehabilitation. Exergames, motor-cognitive exercises performed using video games, are an auspicious method to train both, motor and cognitive functions, and at the same time may foster the long-term motivation for training. This study aims to assess the effect of concept-guided, personalized, motor-cognitive exergame training on cognitive and motor functions in chronic stroke survivors.
Methods
This study is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Assessments are performed at baseline, after a 12-weeks intervention and at a 24-weeks follow-up. Chronic stroke patients (≥ 18 years old, ≥ 6 months post-stroke) able to stand for three minutes, independently walk ten meters, follow a two-stage command, and without other neurological diseases apart from cognitive deficits or dementia, are included. Participants in the intervention group perform the exergame training twice per week for 30 (beginning) up to 40 (end) minutes additionally to their usual care program. Participants in the control group receive usual care without additional intervention(s). Global cognitive functioning (total Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score) is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include health-related quality of life, specific cognitive functions, single- and dual-task mobility, and spatiotemporal gait parameters. Linear mixed models with the post-outcome scores as dependent variables, and group and time as fixed effects will be performed for analysis.
Discussion
Superior improvements in global cognitive functioning, and in the above mentioned secondary outcomes in the intervention group compared to the control group are hypothesised. The results of this study may guide future design of long-term rehabilitation interventions after stroke.
Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05524727). Registered on September 1st, 2022.
A new perspective on future precipitation changes in Tanzania
Authors: Gleixner Stephanie , Lehmann Jascha , Gornott Christoph 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tanzania's population and economy is very vulnerable to precipitation changes and extremes and therefor it is highly relevant to give reliable information about future precipitation changes for suitable adaptation planning. However, there is a strong disagreement between climate models for future precipitation changes in the region, which limits local trust in the projections. We break down the assessment of precipitation changes by classifying different precipitation categories using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). With this novel approach, we analyse the projections from the CORDEX Africa Ensemble and find that despite the disagreement in the trend of total precipitation, most models project a robust decrease in “normal” conditions as well as a robust increase in both extreme wet and extreme dry conditions throughout the 21st century. The differences between the models in terms of total precipitation are related to shifts of (near) normal conditions to wetter conditions in the case of wet models and to drier conditions for dry models. The results indicate an overall broadening of the rainfall distribution especially toward extremely wet conditions. Such robust results can contribute to build trust in climate projections for adaptation planning.
Ultrasound Powered Wetting and Filling of Liquid Metal into Ultrafine Channels for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Ma Xing , Xu Zirong , Jin Dongdong , Liu Sanhu , Li Guoqiang , Guo Zichang , Li Zhengwei , Xiong Chengqian , Xu Zhiwu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Liquid metals (LMs) that possess both metallic and fluidic properties at room temperature promise numerous benefits in flexible electronics. However, preparing fine LM circuits with complex architectures at the microscale and below poses great challenges due to large surface tension of LMs, hindering the development of flexible electronic devices with increased integration and/or complexity. Herein, we develop a facile strategy that employs ultrasonic stimulation to power the wetting and filling of LMs into non-wettable elastic microchannels for ultrafine LMs circuits fabrication. Taking advantage of ultrasound-induced asymmetrical acoustic pressure within LMs, rapid and complete filling of LMs into microchannels as fine as ~ 750 nm could be achieved within several seconds without destroying the soft substrate. Electromechanical investigations suggested that the LM-filled microchannels by ultrasound possessed excellent cyclic stability and robustness. Through ultrasonic filling and patterning ultrafine LM circuits, we created a miniaturized pressure sensor array capable of accurately sensing load pressure and spatial information. The sensitivity of the finger-wearable strain sensor was further enhanced by 22.6 times via introducing local microstructures and filling LM inside the microchannel. Finally, we demonstrated the efficient preparation of complex LM circuit patterns powered by ultrasound, e.g., integrated circuits, spiderman, and snowflake patterns with multiple interlaced branches, planar structures, blind holes as well as vertical architectures, all of which could hardly be achieved by conventional injection methods. This work presented an ultrasound-based fabrication method for versatile LMs circuits, providing a platform technology for the advancement of next-generation compact and integrated flexible electronics.
Deciphering Hydrochemical Characteristics and Formation mechanism of Groundwater in the Pongo Iron Mine Area, Peru
Authors: Ge Qin , Wang Huiman , Wan Sheng , Wu Ping , Adimalla Narsimha , Li Xiang , Mi Zhenhua , Li Xinyan , Wang Yang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Understanding the hydrochemical characteristics and formation processes of groundwater in mining areas is crucial for protecting and utilizing underground water resources. This study analyzed 42 groundwater samples from the Pongo mining area in Peru to determine the spatial-temporal distribution patterns and formation processes of chemical components. Statistical analysis, Gibbs diagrams, ion ratios, and hydrogeochemical modeling techniques were used. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline (pH = 7.72) and has a total dissolved solids (TDS) range of 253.19 to 17912.82 mg/L, with an average of 2788.31 mg/L. About 55% of the groundwater samples are classified as brackish or saline water. According to the Gibbs diagram, the chemical composition of groundwater is mainly controlled by evaporation and rock weathering. Furthermore, ion ratios indicate the contribution of human activities, oxidation of pyrite, and desulfurization reactions to ionic concentrations in this groundwater system. The dissolution of evaporite minerals such as halite and gypsum contributes to the presence of Na+, Cl−, and SO42−, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly come from the dissolution of minerals like calcite, gypsum, dolomite, and silicate. It is worth noting that approximately 38% groundwater samples have recorded NO3− concentrations levels surpassing the standard limit of 10 mg/L for drinking purpose, which is mainly attributed to agricultural activities. Moreover, the hydrogeochemical modeling indicates a strong dissolution tendency for halite and propensity for dissolution for gypsum, calcite, and dolomite. Additionally, pyrite oxidation and cation exchange processes also occur.
Radiation and anti-PD-L1 synergize by stimulating a stem-like T cell population in the tumor-draining lymph node
Authors: Buchwald Zachary , Shen Yang , Connolly Erin , Aiello Meili , Zhou Chengjing , Chappa Prasanthi , Song Haorui , Tippitak Patan , Clark Tarralyn , Cardenas Maria , Prokhnevska Nataliya , Mariniello Annapaola , Pagadala Meghana , Dhere Vishal , Rafiq Sarwish , Kesarwala Aparna , Orthwein Alexandre , Thomas Susan , Khan Mohammad , Dixon J. Brandon , Lesinski Gregory B. , Lowe Michael , Kissick Haydn , Yu David , Paulos Chrystal , Schmitt Nicole 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) and anti-PD-L1 synergize to enhance local and distant (abscopal) tumor control. However, clinical results in humans have been variable. With the goal of improving clinical outcomes, we investigated the underlying synergistic mechanism focusing on a CD8+ PD-1+ Tcf-1+ stem-like T cell subset in the tumor-draining lymph node (TdLN). Using murine melanoma models, we found that RT + anti-PD-L1 induces a novel differentiation program in the TdLN stem-like population which leads to their expansion and differentiation into effector cells within the tumor. Our data indicate that optimal synergy between RT + anti-PD-L1 is dependent on the TdLN stem-like T cell population as either blockade of TdLN egress or specific stem-like T cell depletion reduced tumor control. Together, these data demonstrate a multistep stimulation of stem-like T cells following combination therapy which is initiated in the TdLN and completed in the tumor.
The availability of thermal refuges shapes the thermoregulatory behavioural tactic of a heat-sensitive alpine endotherm species.
Authors: Malagnino Alexis , Courbin Nicolas , Bonnot Nadège , Garel Mathieu , Marchand Pascal , Morellet Nicolas , Börger Luca , Loison Anne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

With the ongoing rise in global average temperatures, animals are expected to increasingly dedicate their time and energy to thermoregulation. In response to high temperatures, animals typically either seek for and move into thermal refuges, or reduce their activity during the hottest hours of the day. Yet, the often lower resource availability in thermal refuges, combined with the reduction of foraging activity, may create indirect energetic costs of behavioural thermoregulation, forcing individuals to further adjust their behaviours under different spatial contexts. To elucidate such complex behavioural responses of individuals living in different landscapes, we studied how alpine chamois behaviour (Rupicapra rupicapra), a cold-adapted endotherm, varied in relation to both temperature and within-home range access to thermal refuges. We used Hidden Markov Models to analyse individual time-budgets and daily habitat use of 26 GPS-tagged females monitored during summer in the French Alps. Females showed heat stress avoidance behaviours above a threshold temperature of 17.8°C, increasing the use of forest and northern slopes by 2.8% and 2.2%, respectively, for each 1°C increase in temperature. Individuals with access to forests also increased daily time spent foraging, while individuals with access to northern slopes increased the time spent relocating at the expense of foraging. Including local landscape context and jointly analysing resource selection and behavioural activity is hence key for improved insights into nuanced changes in individual responses to climate change in different spatial contexts, providing also an improved evidence base for wildlife managers to identify and protect key thermal cover habitats.
In vitro Gas production and rumen fermentation for rations containing increasing levels of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa with or without Spirulina
Authors: meteab mohamed , Khorshed Mahmoud Mohamed , El-Essawy Abeer Mohamed Abd El-halim , Nassar Mahmoud Saber Mahmoud , El-Bordeny Nasr El -Sayed Yehia Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of replacing alfalfa hay with Panicum maximum hay, with or without ascending levels of Spirulina supplementation on in-vitro gas production and fermentation parameters. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated to contain 40% roughage + 60 % concentrate, ascending replacement with Panicum maximum hay at levels 0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% take place in rations R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5, respectively. Each ration supplemented with incremental levels 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3kg spirulina per Ton of feed. Results indicated that the potential of gas production after 24 h was linearly increased by increasing the level of Spirulina. The control group (R1) recorded the highest values of gas production, while it was the lowest at (R5) (p<.0001). In vitro degradability of dry and organic matter was negatively affected by the increment of Panicum maximum and Spirulina levels and vice versa, until 2 kg/ton of Spirulina (p<.0001). The addition of Spirulina significantly (p<.0001) increased total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and N-NH3 concentration, until 2Kg/ton, while the addition of Panicum maximum hay significantly increased N-NH3 concentration, until it reached at (R4). As a result, the best mixing ratio between Alfalfa and Panicum maximum hays was recorded at R2. In conclusion, the substitution of alfalfa hay with 25% Panicum maximum hay (R2) and incorporation of Spirulina as feed additive (2Kg/ton) could offer a good solution in dry periods to improve the quality of Panicum maximum and can be used to maximize degradability and ruminal fermentation parameters.
A novel concept for multi-objective optimization of composite power transmission shafts
Authors: Nasr Mohamed , Maalawi Karam Y. , Bayoumi Mahmoud A. EL 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Shafts made of advanced composite materials and their applications in different fields are gaining momentum due to their optimized properties. This paper presents various multi-objective optimization (MOO) models for the structural design of slender, thin-walled spinning shafts made of advanced composite materials. The proposed mathematical formulation ensures the attainment of simultaneous and balanced improvements in the major design objectives, including minimal mass and maximum stability against whirling and torsional buckling under behavioral and side constraints. A hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) are implemented to find the needed optimal solutions. Design variables encompass the fiber volume fraction, orientation angle, and thickness of each layer of the cross-section. A case study addresses the optimization of a pinned-pinned slender shaft made of carbon/epoxy composites is presented. The new approach exhibited its capacity to overcomes the uncertainty in ranking and selecting a solution from the set of Pareto-optimal solutions as it determines a unique optimal solution that has a nearly equal optimization gains for the selected design objectives
One size fits all? A latent Profile Analysis to Identify Care Professional Subgroups Based on Implementation Determinants
Authors: Dubbeldeman Eveline M , Kleij Rianne MJJ van der , Jong Jessica C Kiefte-de , Diderich Hester M , Gerding Isabelle LL , Crone Mathilde R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Recent research emphasizes the need for a more holistic approach to implementation science, ackonowledging complex interactions among implementation determinants and heterogeneity in context and care professionals (CPs). To verify this need, we aimed to identify distictive subgroups of CPs based on their unique profiles of implementation determinants concerning the Childcheck, a guideline facilitating early identification of child abuse based on parental characteristics. We also explored the influence of organization type on subgroups of CPs with specific implementation characteristics (subgroup membership) and assessed their relationship to CPs implementation level.
Methods: A total of 562 Dutch CPs in Mental Health Care (aMHC) and Forensic Care settings (Forensic MHC, Probation Service, and The Salvation Army) completed a self-reported questionnaire on Childcheck implementation determinants. We conducted Latent Profile Analysis to identify subgroups of CPs. The influence of organization type on subgroup membership was examined using Chi-Squared test and we explored the impact of subgroup membership on implementation levels using a one-way ANOVA.
Results: We identified five distinct subgroups. Subgroup A (Reporting Center for Child Abuse and Neglect (RCCAN) collaboration issues, 11.7%) faced issues related to the external organization, such as feedback and collaboration issues. Subgroup B (RCCAN collaboration and organizational issues, 5.0%) encountered challenges with both the external and internal organization, including issues with financial resources and formal agreements, resulting in the lowest implementation level. Subgroup C (Limited implementation issues, 9.4%) demonstrated relatively high ratings across determinants, achieving the highest implementation level. CPs in subgroup D (CP-client interaction issues, 37.7%) encountered challenges specifically in CP-client interaction. CPs in subgroup E (Indifferent attitudes towards implementation, 36.1%) expressed low to average retings and was predominantly represented by CPs in aMHC settings. This subgroup also reported a low to average implementation level.
Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of tailored implementation plans to address each subgroup's specific needs and challenges, instead of employing a one-size-fits-all approach. Latent Profile Analysis successfully revealed the variations in implementation determinants among CPs in aMHC and Forensic Care settings. Tailoring implementation strategies for these subgroups is key to successful guideline implementation and enhancing the well-being of vulnerable children and families.
The Effect of Modified Qiyuan Paste on Mice with Low Immunity and Sleep Deprivation by Regulating GABA Nerve and Immune System
Authors: Rong Mei , Jia Jiu Jie , Lin Min Qiu , He Xing Li Shang , Xie Zhi Yi , Wang Ning , Zhang Ze Hua , Dong Ying Jie , Xu Wan Feng , Huang Jia Hui , Li Bo , Jiang Ning Hua , Lv Gui Yuan , Chen Su Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background Low immunity and sleep disorders are prevalent suboptimal health conditions in contemporary populations, rendering them more susceptible to the infiltration of pathogenic factors. LJC is obtained by modifing Qiyuan Paste, a traditional Chinese medicine formula for nourishing Yin and blood and calming the mind with a long history. Studies have shown that Dendrobium officinale can improve the immune function of sleep deprivation mice. Based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, LJC was prepared by adding Dendrobium officinale to Qiyuan Paste Decoction.
Methods Yin deficiency syndrome indicators such as back temperature and grip strength of mice in each group were measured, and behavioral tests and pentobarbital sodium induced sleep test were performed. Automatic biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and other methods were used to detect blood routine, serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM), complement (C3, C4, and ACP) and LDH content in spleen, serum hemolysin and delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) levels. The serum levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and Nissl staining were used to evaluate the histological changes of hypothalamus tissue. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of GABA pathway proteins GABRA1, GAD, GAT1, and GABAT1, and the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ proteins in thymus and spleen tissues.
Results Of note, LJC could prolong the sleep duration, improved the pathological changes of hippocampus, effectively up-regulated GABA content in the brain of mice, and down-regulated Glu content and Glu/GABA ratio, and increased the expression of GABRA1, GAT1, and GAD and decreased GABAT1 expression to improve sleep disorders. Importantly, LJC could improve the damaged thymus and spleen tissues of the model mice, and increase the activities of ACP and LDH in the spleen of the immunocompromised mice. At the same time, serum hemolysin levels, serum immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, and IgM levels increased after LJC administration , manifested as increased CD4+ content, decreased CD8+ content, and enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. In addition, LJC significantly increased the levels of complement C3 and C4, increased the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes in blood, and decreased the percentage of neutrophils.
Conclusions LJC can improve the model of immunocompromised mice with insufficient sleep. The mechanism may be to regulate the content of GABA/Glu and the expression levels of GABA metabolism pathway related proteins in the brain of mice, and enhance the specific and non-specific immune functions of mice.