bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Seed Oil‐Based Polyurethane and Its Composites Derived from Biosources: Synthesis, Degradation, and Adsorption Studies
Authors: Vijayan Jyothy G. , Prabhu T. Niranjana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolyurethanes (PUs) are versatile polymers used in industries at large scale. PUs are in used in the form of foam, elastomers, adhesives, fibers, thermosets, thermoplastics, etc. Polyols and isocyanates are the two compounds used to synthesize PU. Day by day increasing price of crude oil and its destructive impact on the environment motivate researchers to develop bio‐PU. Seed oils are attracting nowadays because of their renewability and low cost. They are the best substitutes for fossil fuel‐based polyol used in the preparation of PUs. However, these bio‐based PUs show lower thermal, mechanical properties, which needs improvement to further their utilization. The need to maintain a cleaner environment for the survival of both aquatic and terrestrial lives including human beings is very crucial and is a subject of increasing concern to the environmentalists. The removal of heavy metals, dyes, and organic pollutants from wastewater before their discharge in the environmental is very important due to its polluting effect on the underground water. This review article emphasizes on to provide insight on the developments in the field of chemistry, types, and synthesis of various PUs, as well as on the components used to synthesize bio‐based PUs and water treatment applications. Additionally, details on the PU's environmental friendliness are highlighted, with a focus on their potential to recycling and recovery. This review also highlights the details of the synthesis, uses, and potential futures of PU composites.
Recommendations for the Management of Initial and Refractory Pediatric Status Dystonicus
Authors: Vogt Lindsey M. , Yang Kathryn , Tse Gabriel , Quiroz Vicente , Zaman Zainab , Wang Laura , Srouji Rasha , Tam Amy , Estrella Elicia , Manzi Shannon , Fasano Alfonso , Northam Weston T. , Stone Scellig , Moharir Mahendranath , Gonorazky Hernan , McAlvin Brian , Kleinman Monica , LaRovere Kerri L. , Gorodetsky Carolina , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStatus dystonicus is the most severe form of dystonia with life‐threatening complications if not treated promptly. We present consensus recommendations for the initial management of acutely worsening dystonia (including pre–status dystonicus and status dystonicus), as well as refractory status dystonicus in children. This guideline provides a stepwise approach to assessment, triage, interdisciplinary treatment, and monitoring of status dystonicus. The clinical pathways aim to: (1) facilitate timely recognition/triage of worsening dystonia, (2) standardize supportive and dystonia‐directed therapies, (3) provide structure for interdisciplinary cooperation, (4) integrate advances in genomics and neuromodulation, (5) enable multicenter quality improvement and research, and (6) improve outcomes. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Parameterized algorithms for Steiner tree and (connected) dominating set on path graphs
Authors: de Figueiredo Celina M. H. , Lopes Raul , de Melo Alexsander A. , Silva Ana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChordal graphs are the intersection graphs of subtrees of a tree, while interval graphs of subpaths of a path. Undirected path graphs, directed path graphs and rooted directed path graphs are intermediate graph classes, defined, respectively, as the intersection graphs of paths of a tree, of directed paths of an oriented tree, and of directed paths of an out branching. All of these path graphs have vertex leafage 2. Dominating Set, Connected Dominating Set, and Steiner tree problems are ‐hard parameterized by the size of the solution on chordal graphs, ‐complete on undirected path graphs, and polynomial‐time solvable on rooted directed path graphs, and hence also on interval graphs. We further investigate the (parameterized) complexity of all these problems when constrained to chordal graphs, taking the vertex leafage and the aforementioned classes into consideration. We prove that Dominating Set, Connected Dominating Set, and Steiner tree are on chordal graphs when parameterized by the size of the solution plus the vertex leafage, and that Weighted Connected Dominating Set is polynomial‐time solvable on strongly chordal graphs. We also introduce a new subclass of undirected path graphs, which we call in–out rooted directed path graphs, as the intersection graphs of directed paths of an in–out branching. We prove that Dominating Set, Connected Dominating Set, and Steiner tree are solvable in polynomial time on this class, generalizing the polynomiality for rooted directed path graphs proved by Booth and Johnson (SIAM J. Comput. 11 (1982), 191‐199.) and by White et al. (Networks 15 (1985), 109‐124.).
A web‐based survey on the occurrence of emotional blunting in patients with major depressive disorder in Japan: Patient perceptions and attitudes
Authors: Kikuchi Toshiaki , Iga Jun‐ichi , Oosawa Masato , Hoshino Tatsuya , Moriguchi Yoshiya , Izutsu Miwa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo determine the prevalence and impact of emotional blunting (EB) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in Japan, and identify treatment needs for EB using patients' perceptions and attitudes.MethodsEligible patients in Japan (aged 18–59 years) who reported a diagnosis of MDD and antidepressant medication use for >3 months were eligible to complete an online survey. The primary outcome was the prevalence of EB, self‐reported using a validated screening question. Secondary outcomes included the correlation between EB symptoms (measured by the Oxford Depression Questionnaire [ODQ]) and scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9‐item (PHQ‐9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐item (GAD‐7), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), and the EuroQol 5‐Dimension 5‐Levels questionnaire (EQ‐5D‐5L). Descriptive questions were used to explore patients' perceptions and attitudes toward EB.ResultsIn total, 3376 patients were included in the analysis (56% male; 48% aged 50–59 years). Overall, 67.1% of patients self‐reported symptoms of EB, with 10% rating these as severe. The mean (SD) ODQ total score was 78.2 (21.5), which increased with worsening EB symptoms. There were correlations between ODQ total scores and the PHQ‐9, GAD‐7, WSAS, and EQ‐5D‐5L scores (correlation coefficients: 0.67, 0.55, 0.56, −0.51, respectively; all p < 0.0001). Descriptive analyses showed that one‐third of patients reporting EB symptoms did not tell their physician, with two‐thirds finding these symptoms distressing and likely to affect recovery.ConclusionEB is an important clinical issue in Japan that needs to be considered alongside functional recovery when managing treatment of patients with MDD.
Synthesis of chitosan and gum arabic functionalized silver nanocomposite for efficient removal of methylene blue and antibacterial activity
Authors: Bharathi Devaraj , Wadaan Mohammad Ahmad , Mythili R. , Lee Jintae 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe discharge of industrial effluent has a harmful effect on the aquatic ecosystems and surrounding environment. The unprocessed discharge of organic dyes into the aquatic environment is a significant contributor to the aquatic pollution. Hence, it is imperative to ensure the proper disposal of organic colorants and their derivatives before their discharge into wastewater. The present study aimed to synthesis silver (Ag) nanocomposite using gum arabic (GA) and chitosan (CS) by an environment‐friendly and sustainable method. The formulated Ag nanocomposite was characterized using UV–visible, FTIR, TEM coupled with EDS. The FTIR analysis demonstrated the existence of polymers that have a crucial role in the formation of nano‐Ag‐composite. TEM revealed that the synthesized Ag nanocomposite had a spherical nanostructure, with diameters ranging from 18 to 95 nm. Further studies were conducted on Ag nanocomposite to analyze the breakdown of Methylene Blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The synthesized Ag nanocomposite demonstrated a removal efficiency of 93.3% for MB after 60 min. Furthermore, the reusability of the Ag nanocomposite was studied, and it demonstrated substantial photocatalytic activity after three consecutive cycles. In addition, Ag nanocomposite (100 μg/mL) demonstrated potential inhibition against Escherichia coli (20 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (18 mm). Finally, our findings showed that the synthesized nanocomposite can be employed as an outstanding photocatalyst and also bactericidal agent in both industrial and clinical sectors.
A flame‐retardant, dendrite‐inhibiting sandwich separator prepared by electrospinning for high‐performance and safety lithium batteries
Authors: Li Zhirui , Liao Can , Han Longfei , Cao Yukun , Huang Ju , Kan Yongchun , Hu Yuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs the “safety switch” of lithium batteries, the separator controls the electrochemical performance and safety performance of lithium batteries. However, highly flammable and easy to induce lithium dendrite generation of commercial polyolefin pose a huge safety hazard for current commercial lithium‐ion batteries. Therefore, developing a flame‐retardant, lithium dendrite‐inhibiting separator can achieve further leap in the lithium battery industry. A “sandwich” separator (SPS‐B) is designed by integrating silk fibroin (SF), decabromodiphenyl ethane, and polyvinyl alcohol through electrospinning. SPS‐B shows excellent flame‐retardant properties through a free radical trapping mechanism. Moreover, the SPS‐B demonstrated satisfactory capability of suppressing lithium dendrites by constructing Li3N‐SEI with high ionic conductivity and high strength, and the secondary structure β‐sheets of SF can inhibit the “tip effect” of lithium dendrites, which enables efficient lithium plating/stripping in Li//Li and Li//Cu cells. In addition, the enhanced porosity, electrolyte affinity of SPS‐B promotes excellent electrochemical performance with enhanced discharge capacity and reduced concentration polarization. Finally, fire risk of soft‐pack batteries are evaluated by continuous external heating. Compared with commercial separator, soft‐pack batteries with SPS‐B show much lower heat release rate, peak temperature and flue gas release rate, further confirming the effectiveness of SPS‐B in reducing fire risk. Overall, the SPS‐B provides a satisfactory way to develop high‐performance and superior safety lithium batteries.
Preparation of superhydrophobic asymmetric vitrimer coating with high porosity and the key role of hierarchical pocket structure on long freeze delay time and high durability
Authors: Xiong Yang , Zhang Zihong , Liu Ying , Ye Min , Hu Chengyao , Chen Jun , Huang Yawen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is still a big challenge to prepare superhydrophobic anti‐icing coatings with long freeze delay performance and high durability. In this work, in different with conventional flexible porous coating, we prepared an asymmetric coating with hierarchical pocket structure by a facile hot‐pressing/salt‐leaching (BHS) method on a polyacrylate vitrimer polymer with mellability. The asymmetric architecture endowed porous coating with low density and high adhesion strength. The in‐situ growth of silica nanoparticles in above porous coating and surface modification generated a superhydrophobic hierarchical pocket structure. As a result, the freezing delay time was drastically increased to 14,400 s at −10°C. Furthermore, owing to hierarchical pocket structure, the coating could maintain its superhydrophobicity and anti‐icing performance under water flow impacting at 10 kPa pressure, 30 cycles of sandpaper abrasion, 50 cycles of tape peeling, showing advantageous high durability. By employing the hierarchical porous coating on heat exchangers, the energy consumption was drastically reduced by 93%.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene nanoplatelet nanocomposites: Elucidation of the nanofiller, dispersing agent, and interphase effects on thermomechanical properties
Authors: Mansourian‐Tabaei Mohammad , Al‐Sughayer Rami , Rushing Grace , Ucak‐Astarlioglu Mine G. , Al‐Ostaz Ahmed , Nouranian Sasan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene nanoplatelet (GnP) nanocomposite films were fabricated by a solution casting method. High loadings (30–40 wt.%) of two GnP grades, that is, xGnP C300 (low surface area/large size) and C750 (high surface area/small size), were utilized in combination with three commercial dispersing agents, that is, DISPERBYK‐161, DISPERBYK‐162 TF, and DISPERBYK‐2014, to yield films with desirable stiffness and energy dissipation characteristics (dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA), as well as thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis, TGA) for potential impact resistance applications. The addition of GnPs and dispersing agents to PVA leads to a maximum six‐fold increase in its Young's modulus for the PVA sample containing 40 wt.% C300 GnPs and DISPERBYK‐162 TF. However, the modulus of resilience drops dramatically for the same sample (about 18‐fold decrease), as expected. Also, C300 GnPs yield nanocomposites with higher Young's moduli that those obtained using C750 GnPs. The atomic force microscopy stiffness maps illustrate that C300 GnPs disperse better in the PVA matrix. Furthermore, the average interphase thickness in the PVA‐C300 nanocomposites (~300 nm) is almost double that of PVA‐C750 nanocomposites. Based on the TGA results, the addition of GnPs and dispersing agent to the PVA matrix leads to a moderate increase (an average of 3.5%) in the value of the neat PVA, while its char yield increases by an average 8.5‐fold. Specifically, the PVA/GnP nanocomposites containing DISPERBYK‐162 TF yield the largest and char yield values than the other systems. The insights gained in this work can guide the design of coatings for impact resistance applications.
Characteristics and treatment of acute myeloid neoplasms with cutaneous involvement in infants up to 6 months of age: A retrospective study
Authors: Renaud Juliette , Goemans Bianca F. , Locatelli Franco , Pigazzi Martina , Redmond Shelagh , Kuehni Claudia E. , Destaillats Alice , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Gamis Alan , Aplenc Richard , Renella Raffaele , Cooper Todd , Ceppi Francesco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMyeloid neoplasms account for 50% of cases of pediatric leukemias in infants. Approximately 25%–50% of patients with newborn leukemia have cutaneous extramedullary disease (EMD). In less than 10% of patients, aleukemic leukemia cutis or isolated extramedullary disease with cutaneous involvement (cEMD) occurs when skin lesions appear prior to bone marrow involvement and systemic symptoms. Interestingly, in acute myeloid leukemia with cutaneous EMD (AML‐cEMD) and cEMD, spontaneous remissions have been reported.MethodThis is a multicentric retrospective cohort study aiming to describe characteristics, treatment, and outcome of infants with either cEMD or presence of cutaneous disease with involvement of the bone marrow (AML‐cEMD). This study included patients born between 1990 and 2018 from Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States, diagnosed between 0 and 6 months of life with cEMD or AML‐cEMD. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan–Meier method, and log rank test were applied.ResultsThe cohort consisted of n = 50 patients, including 42 AML‐cEMD and eight cEMD patients. The most common genetic mutation found was a KMT2A rearrangement (n = 26, 52%). Overall 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 66% [confidence interval (CI): 51–78] and 75% [CI: 60–85], respectively. In two patients, complete spontaneous remission occurred without any therapy. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement was found in 25% of cEMD patients. No difference in outcomes was observed between the AML‐cEMD and cEMD groups, but none of the latter patients included in the study died. KMT2A rearrangements were not associated with poorer prognosis.ConclusionIn the largest cohort to date, our study describes the characteristics of infants with cutaneous involvement of myeloid neoplasms including cytomolecular findings and survival rates. Further prospective biologic and clinical studies of these infants with myeloid neoplasms will be required to individualize therapy for this rare patient population.
Familial genetic and environmental transmission of depression: A multi‐informant twin family study
Authors: Ding Qingwen , Zhou Yueyue , Yu Shuting , Cui Xiaobing , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Xinying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe phenomenon of familial clustering in depression is well established, yet the mechanisms by which depression is transmitted within families remain poorly understood. In the current study, we investigate the familial genetic and environmental transmission of depression by incorporating data from both adolescent twins and their parents. A total of 987 twin families were recruited from the Beijing Twin Study. Depression assessments were conducted for both adolescents and their parents. Twins' depression was assessed through reports from both the twins themselves and their parents, while parental depression was assessed by parental self‐report. We employed a nuclear twin family model to examine genetic and environmental influences on adolescent depression. Our results, based on both self‐ and parent‐report, demonstrate significant additive and dominant genetic influences on depression. We also found mild yet significant sibling environmental influences, while familial environmental influences were absent. Notably, parent‐reported depression showed higher heritability but lower unique environmental influences compared with self‐reported depression. These results highlight the important role of genetic transmission and sibling environmental transmission in explaining depression. Our study delineates the underlying mechanism of familial transmission in depression and can inform early treatments to halt transmission during adolescence.
Shear relaxation behavior for degraded polypropylene melt in torque rheometer
Authors: Jiang Taijun , Xu Cheng , Chen Duanfeng , Hu Can , Zeng Guangsheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShear relaxation behavior for polymer melt exists in different processing techniques and influences the dimensional accuracy and production efficiency of polymer products. A micro physical and mathematical model based on microstructure of polymer chains and processing parameters was established and verified by experimental results obtained from a torque rheometer. The shear relaxation time of polypropylene degraded by di‐tert‐butyl peroxide was characterized with torque rheometer. The effects of microstructure and processing parameters on the shear relaxation time was investigated. The results showed that a wider molecular weight distribution could result in a decrease in shear relaxation time and polypropylene chains with higher molecular weight were more sensitive to molecular weight distribution. The shear relaxation time declined exponentially with shear rate and increased with internal pressure. The temperature could enhance the movement of polymer chains and reduce the shear relaxation time linearly, but polypropylene with lower molecular weight was less sensitive to temperature. The insight obtained from the mathematical and experimental results can be profoundly applied in practical process control to manufacture product with better dimensional stability and production efficiency for viscoelastic polymer.Highlights
A physical and mathematical model based on microstructure and processing parameters of molecular chains was established to explore the shear relaxation mechanism.
Shear relaxation time of polypropylene degraded by di‐tert‐butyl peroxide was characterized with the help of torque rheometer.
The effects of microstructure and processing parameters on shear relaxation time was investigated to optimize the manufacturing of polypropylene products.
Unveiling the interaction mechanisms of cold atmospheric plasma and amino acids by machine learning
Authors: Chai Zhao‐Nan , Wang Xu‐Cheng , Yusupov Maksudbek , Zhang Yuan‐Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlasma medicine has attracted tremendous interest in a variety of medical conditions, ranging from wound healing to antimicrobial applications, even in cancer treatment, through the interactions of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and various biological tissues directly or indirectly. The underlying mechanisms of CAP treatment are still poorly understood although the oxidative effects of CAP with amino acids, peptides, and proteins have been explored experimentally. In this study, machine learning (ML) technology is introduced to efficiently unveil the interaction mechanisms of amino acids and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in seconds based on the data obtained from the reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which are performed to probe the interaction of five types of amino acids with various ROS on the timescale of hundreds of picoseconds but with the huge computational load of several days. The oxidative reactions typically start with H‐abstraction, and the details of the breaking and formation of chemical bonds are revealed; the modification types, such as nitrosylation, hydroxylation, and carbonylation, can be observed. The dose effects of ROS are also investigated by varying the number of ROS in the simulation box, indicating agreement with the experimental observation. To overcome the limits of timescales and the size of molecular systems in reactive MD simulations, a deep neural network (DNN) with five hidden layers is constructed according to the reaction data and employed to predict the type of oxidative modification and the probability of occurrence only in seconds as the dose of ROS varies. The well‐trained DNN can effectively and accurately predict the oxidative processes and productions, which greatly improves the computational efficiency by almost ten orders of magnitude compared with the reactive MD simulation. This study shows the great potential of ML technology to efficiently unveil the underpinning mechanisms in plasma medicine based on the data from reactive MD simulations or experimental measurements.
Graphical models for identifying pore‐forming proteins
Authors: Xu Nan , Kahn Theodore W. , Jacob Theju , Liu Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPore‐forming toxins (PFTs) are proteins that form lesions in biological membranes. Better understanding of the structure and function of these proteins will be beneficial in a number of biotechnological applications, including the development of new pest control methods in agriculture. When searching for new pore formers, existing sequence homology‐based methods fail to discover truly novel proteins with low sequence identity to known proteins. Search methodologies based on protein structures would help us move beyond this limitation. As the number of known structures for PFTs is very limited, it's quite challenging to identify new proteins having similar structures using computational approaches like deep learning. In this article, we therefore propose a sample‐efficient graphical model, where a protein structure graph is first constructed according to consensus secondary structures. A semi‐Markov conditional random fields model is then developed to perform protein sequence segmentation. We demonstrate that our method is able to distinguish structurally similar proteins even in the absence of sequence similarity (pairwise sequence identity < 0.4)—a feat not achievable by traditional approaches like HMMs. To extract proteins of interest from a genome‐wide protein database for further study, we also develop an efficient framework for UniRef50 with 43 million proteins.