bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart rate variability in Doberman Pinschers with and without echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Calvert Clay A. , Jacobs Gilbert J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize the salient variables of the time-domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in clinically normal Doberman Pinschers and to compare those variables with those of Doberman Pinschers with cardiomyopathy and mild to moderate myocardial failure.Animals—46 Doberman Pinschers.Procedure—HRV was analyzed in the time-domain from 24-hour Holter recordings obtained from 28 Doberman Pinschers with normal echocardiograms and 18 Doberman Pinschers with echocardiograms consistent with mild to moderate myocardial failure.Results—Significant differences in HRV variables between the 2 groups of dogs were not detected. The HRV was greater during the nighttime (12 AM to 6 AM), compared with the 24-hour day and an 18-hour (6 AM to 12 AM) period.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—HRV of dogs with mild to moderate myocardial failure was not different from that of clinically normal dogs, because there were no disturbances of autonomic balance, baroreceptor function, and other factors that influence HRV in the dogs with cardiomyopathy, or the sensitivity of time-domain analysis was overwhelmed by normal sinus arrhythmia. The techniques now used to study HRV have important limitations, especially in dogs, and better noninvasive tests of autonomic function are needed. (Am J Vet Res2000;61: 506–511)
Comparison of plasma benzodiazepine concentrations following intranasal and intravenous administration of diazepam to dogs
Authors: Platt Simon R. , Randell Susan C. , Scott Karen C. , Chrisman Cheryl L. , Hill Richard C. , Gronwall Ronald R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether plasma concentrations of benzodiazepines (BDZ) in dogs following intranasal (IN) administration of diazepam are comparable to concentrations following IV administration.Animals—6 (4 male, 2 female) healthy adult Greyhounds.Procedure—Dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups of 3 dogs in a crossover design. Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intravenously to dogs in group 1 and intranasally to dogs in group 2. Blood was collected from the jugular vein of each dog into tubes containing lithium heparin before and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 minutes following diazepam administration. After a 4-day washout period, dogs in group 1 received diazepam intranasally, dogs in group 2 received diazepam intravenously, and blood was again collected. Plasma concentration of BDZ was determined by use of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay.Results—Mean (± SD) peak plasma concentration of BDZ following IV administration (1316 ± 216 µg/L) was greater than that following IN administration (448 ± 41 µg/L). Time to peak concentration was ≤ 3 minutes following IV administration and 4.5 ± 1.5 minutes following IN administration. Mean bioavailability of BDZ following IN administration was 80 ± 9%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Diazepam is rapidly and efficiently absorbed following IN administration of the parenteral formulation. Plasma concentrations match or exceed the suggested therapeutic concentration (300 µg/L). Intranasal administration of diazepam may be useful for treatment of seizures in dogs by owners or when intravenous access is not readily available. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:651–654)
Development of a method for determination of cyanide concentrations in serum and rumen fluid of cattle
Authors: Meiser Heribert , Hagedorn Heinz-Werner , Schulz Rüdiger 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To develop a reliable method for measurement
of cyanide concentrations in cattle, using
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),
and establish reference ranges of cyanide concentrations
in cattle.

Animals—52 Fleckvieh cattle.

Procedure—Cattle were allocated to 3 groups; 12
were fed leguminous grass and hay, 36 were fed
whole-maize and corn-cob silages, and 4 were fed
other feedstuffs. Samples of blood, rumen fluid, and
liver were collected at time of slaughter. Serum,
rumen fluid, and liver homogenate were assayed for
cyanide content, using a derivatization procedure. A
technique for analysis by GC-MS that used selected
ion monitoring was developed.

Results—Compared with a spectrophotometric
method, detection of cyanide in serum and rumen
fluid by use of GC-MS was selective and sensitive,
with a limit of detection of 0.7 µM. Spectrophotometric
analysis yielded false-negative and
false-positive results. Thus, the GC-MS method was
used for subsequent analysis. In all cattle except 1,
cyanide concentration ranged from < 0.7 to 35 µM in
serum and from < 0.7 to 28 µM in rumen fluid;
cyanide concentration in that 1 animal was 206 µM.
Cattle fed clover, grass, grass hay, and clover hay had
8.3- to 8.6-fold higher mean cyanide concentrations
in rumen fluid and serum than cattle fed whole-maize
and corn-cob silages.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of
this study suggest a reference range that should be
useful for aiding in the diagnosis of cyanide poisoning.
Also, cattle can apparently accommodate a
serum cyanide concentration of 206 µM without
adverse effects. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:658–664)
Comparison of two heavy metal chelators for treatment of lead toxicosis in cockatiels
Authors: Denver Mary C. , Tell Lisa A. , Galey Francis D. , Trupkiewicz John G. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare efficacy and safety of meso- 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and Ca EDTA for treatment of experimentally induced lead toxicosis in cockatiels ( Nymphicus hollandicus).Animals—137 (69 females, 68 males) healthy cockatiels between 6 months and 8 years old.Procedure—Lead toxicosis was induced by placing lead shot in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with Ca EDTA (40 mg/kg of body weight, IM, q 12 h), DMSA (40 or 80 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h), and sodium sulfate salts (SSS; 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 48 h) was initiated 4 days after induction of lead toxicosis. Blood lead concentrations were determined, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Number of birds surviving and blood lead concentrations were compared among groups.Results—In Phase II of the study, administration of DMSA and Ca EDTA significantly decreased blood lead concentrations when used alone or in combination in birds with lead toxicosis. Addition of SSS did not result in further decreases in lead concentrations. Eight of 12 (66.7%) birds without lead toxicosis given 80 mg of DMSA/kg did not survive to the end of the study . Lesions related to treatment with chelating agents were not detected during necropsy.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—DMSA and Ca EDTA are effective chelating agents in cockatiels. Because DMSA is administered orally, it may be easier than other chelating agents for bird owners to administer at home. However, the narrow margin of safety of DMSA indicates that this agent should be used with caution. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:935–940)
Analysis of aqueous humor obtained from normal eyes of llamas and alpacas
Authors: Aubin Marcia L. , Gionfriddo Juliet R. , Mama Khursheed R. , Powell Cynthia C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate composition of aqueous humor obtained from normal eyes of llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Lama pacos).Sample Population—Aqueous humor obtained from 10 male llamas and 10 male alpacas.Procedure—All animals had normal eyes, as determined by ocular examination. Aqueous humor samples were obtained via paracentesis of the anterior chamber of animals that were heavily sedated. Chemical analysis included measurement of concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphorus, and glucose as well as osmolality and pH.Results—With the exception of potassium concentrations, values for aqueous humor composition did not differ significantly between llamas and alpacas. Mean ± SD values for llamas and alpacas, respectively, were: sodium, 154.7 ± 2.1 and 152.7 ± 2.1 mEq/L; potassium, 5.3 ± 0.4 and 4.6 ± 0.4 mEq/L; magnesium, 1.8 ± 0.1 and 1.7 ± 0.1 mg/dl; chloride, 130.0 ± 1.6 and 127.0 ± 3.3 mEq/L; bicarbonate, 19.2 ± 1.5 and 20.2 ± 2.3 mEq/L; phosphorous, 2.7 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 0.4 mg/dl; glucose, 80.3 ± 3.9 and 80.8 ± 7.3 mg/dl; total protein, 29.0 ± 8.6 and 31.5 ± 10.1 mg/dl; and osmolality, 305.8 ± 11.8 and 306.2 ± 4.9 mOsm. The pH ranged from 7.5 to 8.0 for both species. Potassium concentrations were significantly higher in llamas than alpacas.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Except for potassium, composition of aqueous humor did not differ significantly between llamas and alpacas. Aqueous humor composition of llamas and alpacas is similar to that of other species that have been examined. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1060–1062)
Changes in protein and nutrient composition of milk throughout lactation in dogs
Authors: Adkins Yuriko , Lepine Allan J. , Lönnerdal Bo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate changes in protein and nutrient composition of milk throughout lactation in dogs.Sample Population—Milk samples collected from 10 lactating Beagles.Procedure—Milk samples were collected on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 after parturition and analyzed to determine concentrations of nitrogen, nonprotein nitrogen, casein, whey proteins, amino acids, lipids, lactose, citrate, minerals, and trace elements. Optimum conditions for separating casein from whey proteins and distribution of milk proteins throughout lactation were assessed by use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Results—Protein concentration was high in samples collected on day 1 (143 g/L), decreased through day 21 (68.4 g/L), and increased thereafter. Concentration of nonprotein nitrogen did not change throughout lactation (5.7 to 9.9% of total nitrogen content). Casein-towhey ratio was approximately 70:30 and remained constant throughout lactation. Lactose concentration increased from 16.6 g/L on day 1 to 34.0 to 40.2 g/L on days 7 to 42. Lipid concentration ranged from 112.5 to 137.2 g/L. Citrate concentration increased from day 1 (4.8 mM) to day 7 (6.6 mM), then gradually decreased until day 42 (3.9 mM). Iron, zinc, copper, and magnesium concentrations decreased during lactation, whereas calcium and phosphorus concentrations increased. Calcium-to-phosphorus ratio remained constant throughout lactation (approx 1.6:1). Energy content of milk ranged from 1,444 to 1,831 kcal/L.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Protein and nutrient composition of milk changes throughout lactation in dogs. These data can provide valuable information for use in establishing nutrient requirements of puppies during the suckling period. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1266–1272)
Attenuation of a Brucella abortus mutant lacking a major 25 kDa outer membrane protein in cattle
Authors: Edmonds Matthew D. , Cloeckaert Axel , Booth Natha J. , Fulton W. Todd , Hagius Sue D. , Walker Joel V. , Elzer Philip H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the virulence of aBrucella abortusmutant, BA25, lacking a major 25 kd outer membrane protein (Omp25) in cattle.Animals—20 mixed-breed heifers in late gestation.Procedure—10 heifers were inoculated with 1 × 107colony-forming units of theOmp25mutant via the conjunctival sac, and an equal number were infected with the virulent parental strainB abortus2308. The delivery status of the dams was recorded, and colonization was assessed following necropsy. The ability of BA25 to replicate inside bovine phagocytes and chorionic trophoblasts was also evaluated in vitro because of the propensity of virulent brucellae to replicate inside these cells in vivo.Results—The parental strain induced abortions in 5 of 10 inoculated cattle, whereas only 1 of 10 dams exposed to BA25 aborted.Brucella abortusstrain 2308 colonized all of the cow-calf pairs and inducedBrucella-specific antibodies in 100% of the dams. In contrast, BA25 was isolated by bacteriologic cultural technique from 30% of the calves and 50% of the inoculated dams (n = 10). Of the 10 heifers inoculated with BA25, 4 did not developBrucella-specific antibodies nor were they colonized by the mutant strain. In bovine macrophages and chorionic trophoblasts, BA25 replicated in significantly lower numbers than the virulent parental strain (n = 3).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The 25 kd outer membrane protein may be an important virulence factor forB abortusin cattle. The attenuation of theOmp25mutant in cattle may involve the inability of BA25 to replicate efficiently in bovine phagocytes and chorionic trophoblasts.(Am J Vet Res2001;62:1461–1466)
Effects of nitrous oxide on mask induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane or isoflurane in dogs
Authors: Mutoh Tatsushi , Nishimura Ryohei , Sasaki Nobuo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of nitrous oxide (N2O) on the speed and quality of mask induction with sevoflurane or isoflurane in dogs.Animals—7 healthy Beagles.Procedure—Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane or isoflurane delivered in 100% oxygen or in a 2:1 mixture of N2O and oxygen via a face mask. Each dog received all treatments with at least 1 week between treatments. Initial vaporizer settings were 0.8% for sevoflurane and 0.5% for isoflurane (0.4 times the minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]). Vaporizer settings were increased by 0.4 MAC at 15-second intervals until settings were 4.8% for sevoflurane and 3.0% for isoflurane (2.4 MAC). Times to onset and cessation of involuntary movements, loss of the palpebral reflex, negative response to tail-clamp stimulation, and endotracheal intubation were recorded, and cardiopulmonary variables were measured.Results—Administration of sevoflurane resulted in a more rapid induction, compared with isoflurane. However, N2O had no effect on induction time for either agent. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and respiratory rate significantly increased and tidal volume significantly decreased from baseline values immediately after onset of induction in all groups. Again, concomitant administration of N2O had no effect on cardiopulmonary variables.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of N2O did not improve the rate or quality of mask induction with sevoflurane or isoflurane. The benefits provided by N2O attributable to concentrating and second gas effects appear minimal in healthy dogs when low solubility inhalation agents such as isoflurane and sevoflurane are used for mask induction. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1727–1733).
Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular complexity and CD45 expression for use in rapid differentiation of leukocytes in bovine blood samples
Authors: Pelan-Mattocks Lisa S. , Pesch Bruce A. , Kehrli Marcus E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop an efficient and reliable method that accurately differentiates bovine lymphocytes from monocytes in leukograms.Sample Population—Blood samples from 30 healthy cows and 1 calf with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency.Procedure—Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular complexity and CD45 expression on bovine leukocytes was compared with results for conventional light microscopy methods. Verification of leukocyte subpopulations determined by intracellular complexity and CD45 expression was conducted, using 2-color phenotypic analysis with selected monoclonal antibodies.Results—The CD45 and side-scatter properties of bovine leukocytes clearly differentiated cell types, including neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This is a rapid assay that is simple to use. More importantly, it is more accurate than the conventional method that involves the use of blood slides and light microscopy, because of the ability of the assay to readily distinguish bovine monocytes and lymphocytes. Rapid preparation of samples and short analysis times allow for efficient and reliable examination of a large number of samples, and the task of viewing slides by light microscopy is eliminated. The labor-savings benefit of this procedure is most apparent in research environments that require frequent processing of batches of blood samples. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1740–1744)
Effects of aerosolized albuterol on physiologic responses to exercise in Standardbreds
Authors: Mazan Melissa R. , Hoffman Andrew M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To examine the effects of an aerosolized β2-adrenoreceptor agonist, albuterol, on performance during a standardized incremental exercise test in clinically normal horses.Animals—8 Standardbred pacing mares.Procedure—Clinically normal horses, as judged by use of physical examination, hematologic findings, serum biochemical analysis, and airway endoscopy, were randomly assigned to 2 groups and were given 900 µg of albuterol via a metered-dose inhaler 30 minutes before beginning a standardized incremental exercise test in a crossover design with a 7-day minimum washout. Further examination included measurement of baseline lung mechanics, response to histamine bronchoprovocation, and bronchoalveolar lavage.Results—No significant differences (albuterol vs placebo) were seen for any incremental exercise test variables (ie, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum carbon dioxide consumption, respiratory quotient, treadmill speed at heart rate of 200 beats/min, or number of steps completed during an incremental exercise protocol). Mast cell percentage was significantly (r= –0.84) associated with the concentration of aerosolized histamine that evoked a 100% increase in total respiratory system resistance. No other direct correlations between bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell types and any indices of exercise capacity or airway reactivity were found.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although no horse had exercise intolerance, 4 horses had airway hyperreactivity with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mastocytosis; these horses may have been subclinically affected with inflammatory airway disease. In our study, albuterol did not enhance performance in 8 clinically normal racing-fit Standardbreds. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1812–1817)
Computed tomographic study of the effect of a tongue-tie on hyoid apparatus position and nasopharyngeal dimensions in anesthetized horses
Authors: Cornelisse Cornelis J. , Rosenstein Diana S. , Derksen Frederik J. , Holcombe Susan J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the effect of manual
tongue protrusion on the dimensions of the hyoid
apparatus, nasopharynx, and oropharynx in anesthetized
horses.

Animals—5 adult horses.

Procedure—Horses were anesthetized and positioned
in sternal recumbency for 2 sequential computed
tomographic (CT) scans. Images were acquired
with the tongue in a natural position inside the mouth.
Then, the tongue was pulled rostrally and secured,
and a second CT scan was performed. Dorsoventral
length of the hyoid apparatus and angles of the
basisphenoid, basihyoid, and ceratohyoid were measured
on 3-dimensional reconstructed CT images.
Cross-sectional diameters and areas of the nasopharynx
and oropharynx were determined on reformatted
images in the transverse and longitudinal planes,
using osseous landmarks for consistency. Results
were tested between the 2 groups to determine significant
differences.

Results—We were unable to detect a significant
difference between any of the lengths or angles of
the hyoid apparatus measured with or without rostral
protrusion of the tongue. Similarly, nasopharyngeal
and oropharyngeal diameters and cross-sectional
areas were not significantly different with or
without rostral protrusion of the tongue.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tying the
tongue rostrally out of a horse's mouth did not influence
the position of the hyoid apparatus or dimensions
of the nasopharynx or oropharynx in anesthetized
horses. Currently, no data suggest that application
of a tongue-tie is effective for maintaining stability
and patency of the nasopharyngeal or orolaryngeal
airways in horses during races. (Am J Vet Res
2001;62:1865–1869)
Evaluation of an autogenous Salmonella bacterin and a modified live Salmonella serotype Choleraesuis vaccine on a commercial dairy farm
Authors: House John K. , Ontiveros Monica M. , Blackmer Nicole M. , Dueger Erica L. , Fitchhorn Jennifer B. , McArthur Gary R. , Smith Bradford P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the efficacy of aSalmonellabacterin and a modified liveSalmonellaser. Choleraesuis vaccine on a commercial dairy.Animals—450 cows in late gestation and 80 calves.Procedure—Group-1 cows (n = 150) were vaccinated once with a modified liveSCholeraesuis (serogroup C1) strain 54 (SC54) vaccine, group-2 cows (150) were vaccinated on enrollment and 30 days later with aSalmonellaser. Montevideo (serogroup C1) bacterin, and group-3 cows (150) served as unvaccinated controls. One gallon of colostrum harvested from the first 80 cows to calve was fed to each calf. Outcome assessments included fecal shedding ofSalmonellaspp for the first 10 days after parturition (cows) or birth (calves), milk production, involuntary culling rate, mastitis incidence, antimicrobial use, and mortality rate.Results—Salmonellae were isolated from 306 of 309 (99%) cows and 64 of 74 (86.5%) calves. Shedding frequency was less in SC54-vaccinated cows and calves that received colostrum from those cows, compared with the other groups, and vaccination was specifically associated with less shedding of serogroup C1 salmonellae. Production data were similar among groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Vaccination of pregnant cows with an autogenousSalmonellabacterin had no effect on fecal shedding of salmonellae, whereas vaccination with a modified liveSCholeraesuis vaccine reduced the frequency of fecal shedding of serogroup C1 salmonellae during the peripartum period. A commercialSCholeraesuis vaccine licensed for use in swine may be more efficacious than autogenousSalmonellabacterins on dairies infected with serogroup C1 salmonellae. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1897–1902)
Cardiopulmonary function in horses during anesthetic recovery in a hydropool
Authors: Richter Marina C. , Bayly Warwick M. , Keegan Robert D. , Schneider Robert K. , Weil Ann B. , Ragle Claude A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of water immersion in horses recovering from general anesthesia.Animals—6 healthy adult horses.Procedure—Horses were anesthetized 3 times with halothane and recovered from anesthesia while positioned in lateral or sternal recumbency in a padded recovery stall or while immersed in a hydropool. Cardiovascular and pulmonary functions were monitored before and during anesthesia and during recovery until horses were standing. Measurements and calculated variables included carotid and pulmonary arterial blood pressures (ABP and PAP, respectively), cardiac output, heart and respiratory rates, arterial and mixed venous blood gases, minute ventilation, end expiratory transpulmonary pressure (PendXes), maximal change in transpulmonary pressure (ΔPtpmax), total pulmonary resistance (RL), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), and work of breathing ().Results—Immersion in water during recovery from general anesthesia resulted in values of ABP, PAP, PendXes, ΔPtpmax, RL, andthat were significantly greater and values of Cdynthat were significantly less, compared with values obtained during recovery in a padded stall. Mode of recovery had no significant effect on any other measured or calculated variable.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Differences in pulmonary and cardiovascular function between horses during recovery from anesthesia while immersed in water and in a padded recovery stall were attributed to the increased effort needed to overcome the extrathoracic hydrostatic effects of immersion. The combined effect of increased extrathoracic pressure and PAP may contribute to an increased incidence of pulmonary edema in horses during anesthetic recovery in a hydropool. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1903–1910)