bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of melasma treatments: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Sang Ayu Arta Suryantari  , Ni Putu Tamara Bidari Sweta  , Elvina Veronica  , I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Rai Mulya Hartawan  , Ni Luh Putu Ratih Vibriyanti Karna  
Published: March 2024

Background: Melasma is acquired chronic hyperpigmentation mainly affecting women. The pathogenesis of melasma is uncertain, but it is predominantly related to ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Due to its chronic and relapsing nature, melasma is challenging to treat. The currently available treatment often has undesirable side effects and suboptimal results. The treatment principle includes protecting from UV radiation, inhibiting melanin synthesis, and increasing the pathway to remove melanin.
Objectives: To define available treatments for melasma and determine advantages and disadvantages, including topical, oral and procedural.
Method: Medline, Cochrane library and PubMed databases were searched for articles from January 2011 to June 2020. Only RCTs, comparative, prospective, retrospective and systematic reviews focusing on melasma treatments were extracted, analyzed and discussed.
Results: We found 197 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 2314 participants included in this review. The treatments included topical, oral and procedural. In several studies, hydroquinone alone or combination remains the most effective treatment for melasma. Oral and topical tranexamic acid is a beneficial adjuvant treatment in refractory melasma with minimal adverse effects. Procedural treatments such as chemical peels, laser and light-based therapies, and microneedling have mixed and unpredictable results. Overall, the side effects tend to be mild and affect a few of the subjects.
Conclusions: The current state of the evidence suggests that some treatments with multiple modalities have their respective advantages and disadvantages. The choice of treatment modality must be adjusted according to the type of melasma, such as its severity, extent and location. A better understanding of melasma through further research may improve the therapy options with the least adverse effects.
Interaction between leprosy and HIV infection
Authors: Prima Sudarsa  , Ratih Vibriyanti Karna  , Luh Mas Rusyati  
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Leprosy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections still count as major health issues worldwide. Starting with the HIV pandemic back in the eighties, leprosy was feared to re-emerge as the HIV cases arose. Co-infections between leprosy and HIV were worried to cause an increase in leprosy cases, with worse clinical manifestation, predominantly toward the lepromatous spectrum, decrease in therapy response, and prolonged therapy period. Unlike its interaction with tuberculosis, HIV infection was turned out to not increasing nor deteriorating the manifestation of leprosy infection. All clinical spectrum of leprosy was found in HIV infection patients without predomination of lepromatous type. Responses to leprosy Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) regimen were also found similar between leprosy patients with or without HIV.
Conclusion: It is recommended to treat co-infective patients both with leprosy MDT and antiretroviral therapy. Manifestation of leprosy as a part of immune reconstitution syndrome need more attention and investigation.
High levels of zinc (Zn) as a protective factor and negatively correlated with IgM anti PGL-1 levels among household contact with multibacillary leprosy patients
Authors: Adeline Santoso  , Luh Made Mas Rusyanti  , Ketut Kwartantaya Winaya  
Published: March 2024

Background: Close contacts may develop subclinical leprosy with no symptoms but with M. leprae in their blood. Zinc is said to help in the prevention of M. leprosy infection. This study aimed to determine the correlation between zinc (Zn) serum levels and IgM anti PGL-1 levels in household contacts of multibacillary type leprosy patients.
Methods: This study is cross-sectional and involves 48 leprosy subjects (33 multibacillary leprosy household contact and 15 non-contact subjects). Subjects were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Zinc and IgM anti PGL-1 levels were derived from venous blood examined with ELISA.
Results: This study showed the mean serum zinc level of the contact groups of 60.88 ± 15.92 μg/dl and the non-contact group of 90.00 ± 7.61 μg / dl (p <0.001; CI 95%: 20.38 - 37.85). The median (interquartile range) serum levels of IgM anti PGL-1 in the contact groups was 613.00 (40 - 1433) u/ml and the non-contact groups was 99.00 (14 - 695) u/ml (p = 0.001; 95% CI: 154.162 – 610.116). The correlation analysis between serum zinc levels and IgM anti PGL-1 serum levels r= 0.644 (p<0.05). A high serum zinc level is a protective factor against high IgM anti PGL-1 levels in household contact with leprosy (PR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.20-1.09).
Conclusion: Zinc levels negatively correlate with IgM anti PGL-1 levels in subjects with household contact with multibacillary type leprosy. A high serum zinc level protects against high IgM anti PGL-1 levels.
High plasma dopamine level as a risk factor for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Made Swastika Adiguna  , Made Wardhana  , Ermon Naftali Limbara  
Published: March 2024

Background: Dopamine is responsible for inflammatory response and plays a role in the skin immune system by modulating T-cells, dendritic cells, and keratinocytes which increases skin inflammatory response in atopic dermatitis (AD). Elevation of dopamine level will affect IL-6, IL-8, IL-23, Th-17, and TNF-α, which promotes keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, vasodilation, and skin barrier disruption on AD.
Objective: This study aimed to establish whether the increase of plasma dopamine level contributes to a risk factor for AD occurrence.
Methods: This is a matched-pair case-control observational analytical study which involves patients with AD and without AD as control. Samples were taken using a consecutive sampling method which fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria, matched for gender and age. Plasma dopamine level was measured from venous blood and processed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The collected data were then analysed using SPSS version 20.0 with Pearson chi-square test for the odds ratio.
Results: A total of 30 samples with AD (case group) and 30 samples without AD (control group) involved in this study. This study proves that plasma dopamine levels in the case group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). Odds ratio for plasma dopamine was 42.2 (95%CI: 9.5-187.2, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: This study concludes that high plasma dopamine level is a risk factor for AD.
High plasma H2O2 level and low plasma catalase level as risk factors for acne vulgaris
Authors: Anak Agung Gde Putra Wiraguna  , Made Wardhana  , Made Kusuma Dewi Maharani  
Published: March 2024

Background: In this recent time, ROS and oxidative stress have been said to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflamed acne lesions. One example of ROS produced by neutrophil through phagocytosis is H2O2. Nevertheless, there is an enzymatic antioxidant which catalyses H2O2 called catalase. Imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants due to excessive ROS formation promotes the state of oxidative stress and inflammation of the acne lesion.
Objective: This study aimed to determine plasma H2O2 and catalase level as a risk factor for acne.
Methods: This matched-pair case-control observational analytic study involving 38 patients with acne and 38 patients without acne. Sampling was done using consecutive sampling which fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria and followed by matching with age and gender. H2O2 and catalase level measured on both groups. The analysis was done using SPSS.
Results: H2O2 mean level in the case and control group, respectively 0.68 ± 0.03 and 0.42 ± 0.04 µmol/ml. High H2O2 level was determined from cut-off point >0.62 µmol/ml. High H2O2 was a statistically significant risk factor for acne vulgaris (p<0.001; 95% CI: 4.59-40.62; OR: 13.67). The mean level of catalase in the case and control group respectively 0.48 ± 0.06 and 0.74 ± 0.07 U/ml. Low catalase level was determined from the cut-off point <0.58 U/ml. Catalase was significant risk factor for acne vulgaris (p<0.001; 95% CI: 5.18-77.21; OR: 20.00).
Conclusion: High levels of H2O2 plasma and low levels of catalase plasma is a risk factor of acne vulgaris.
The positive correlation between psoriasis vulgaris severity degree with HbA1C level
Authors: Made Swastika Adiguna  , Made Wardhana  , Fresa Nathania Rahardjo  
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Psoriasis is a skin abnormality based on chronic inflammation immune-mediated. Insulin resistance and psoriasis seem to have a connection, but it has not been explained clearly. HbA1c describe the glucose concentration and demonstrate the insulin resistance condition indirectly.
Objective: This study aims to understand the correlation between psoriasis vulgaris severity degree with HbA1c.
Material and methods: This study was using a cross sectional method. Psoriasis vulgaris diagnosed clinically and assessed with the PASI score. The HbA1c level examination done by drawing venous blood then analyzed with chromatography method. Samples were selected by using inclusion and exclusion criteria and a consecutive sampling method.
Results: Total 51 subjects (33 subjects with psoriasis vulgaris and 18 subjects without psoriasis vulgaris) were included in this study. Mostly (57.6%) of the subject was mild, 24.2% moderate, and 18.2% severe psoriasis. HbA1c level of psoriasis vulgaris subjects is significantly higher than non-psoriasis vulgaris subjects (p=0.019, PR=6.545). Correlation between severity degree and HbA1c level found in positive course significantly with moderate strength of correlation (r = 0.580, p<0.001).
Conclusion: HbA1c level on psoriasis vulgaris subjects are higher than non-psoriasis vulgaris. Psoriasis vulgaris severity degree positively correlated with HbA1c.
Urticarial manifestation in COVID-19 infection: A case report
Authors: Anita M Djunaidi  , Andrew Y Wirya  
Published: March 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak causes a worldwide health concern. As the epidemic progressed, several cutaneous manifestations are increasingly noticed; therefore, the authors hope this report will provide additional information that may benefit fellow healthcare professionals.
Case report: A 45 years old Javanese female patient complained of fatigue, dry cough, dyspepsia, and reddish pruritic swelling on her face for one day. There was no fever, dyspnea, anosmia, diarrhea, or uvula, tongue, vocal cords, and the airway problem. She had no history of food or drug allergy, urticaria, other comorbidities, or any medicine consumption in the last 15 days. Facial dermatological status showed circumscribed, raised, erythematous areas of edema, slightly pruritic. Normal vital signs. Blood laboratory results: leucocyte 5.760/mL, decreased ALC 818/mL, increased NLR 5.0. Chest X-ray showed an increase in bronchovascular pattern and slight opacity on the peripheral, basal part of both hemithorax. COVID-19 rapid test was positive for IgM, and her PCR of upper-airway secretions revealed positive COVID-19 infection. The diagnoses were COVID-19 infection, dyspepsia, and urticaria. The treatments were levofloxacin, isoprinosine, chloroquine sulfate, omeprazole, fluimucyl, vitamin C, and diphenhydramine. Within three days of treatment, the urticaria started to fade off, and her overall condition improved.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 poses a global challenge in the health sector, and one of its various manifestations is cutaneous symptoms. Further research is necessary to elucidate how COVID-19 triggers dermatological symptoms.
Selection of topical corticosteroids in children atopic dermatitis
Authors: Aurelia Stephanie  , Prima Sanjiwani Saraswati Sudarsa  , Luh Mas Rusyati  
Published: March 2024

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that typically starts in childhood with classic symptoms of dry and itchy skin that occurs continuously and recurrences and even causes sleep disorders and skin that is susceptible to infection. AD sufferers often have atopic comorbidities such as asthma and allergic rhinitis in themselves and their families. The effects of this itching cycle result in growth disturbance and decreased quality of life for AD patients and their parents. Moderate and severe AD have an impact on parents, the stress in medication, and care, which takes up time and money. Atopic dermatitis is due to damage to the skin barrier, so the principle of management is to improve the skin barrier so that the inflammatory process can be avoided. The course of AD is chronic and relapsing; generally, patients come for treatment with an acute phase that sometimes requires topical corticosteroids. However, topical corticosteroids (TC) are used only to treat the acute phase for a short period. After the acute lesions have subsided, corticosteroids can be stopped immediately to prevent side effects and continue with daily skincare.
Conclusion: Topical corticosteroids are first-line therapy in the acute phase. The choice of TC is based on age, body location, dosage, and severity of AD. If the acute lesion has subsided, then corticosteroids can be stopped and substituted with other antipruritic therapy and moisturizer.
Dampak penggunaan zat aditif makanan terhadap kesehatan
Authors: Ratnasari Dewi 
Published: March 2024

Latar belakang: Penggunaan BPT sintesis sangat luas penggunaannya mencakup semua bahan pangan termasuk jajanan anak-anak. Usia anak-anak dan remaja adalah masa perkembangan dan pertumbuhan sehingga dibutuhkan asupan makanan yang bergizi. Namun keberadaan BPT sintesis tentunya kurang baik bagi kesehatan apabila dikonsumsi secara berlebihan dan dalam jangka panjang bisa menimbulkan penyakit.
Metode: Bentuk kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berupa edukasi dampak penggunaan zat aditif makanan terhadap kesehatan dengan media kuliah Whatapps (Kulwap). Kegiatan penyuluhan ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 24 Agustus 2021.
Hasil: Respon positif diberikan peserta kulwap terhadap kejelasan dan manfaat terhadap materi yang disampaikan.
Kesimpulan: Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan tema dampak penggunaan zat aditif makanan terhadap kesehatan memberikan pengetahuan sehingga peserta kulwap berpendapat bahwa akan lebih berhati-hati lagi dalam memilih makanan, penggunaan zat aditif sebaiknya dibatasi penggunaannya dan mulai lagi menggunakan bahan-bahan alami.
Evaluating a hierarchy of bias correction methods for ERA5-Land SWE in northern Canada
Authors: Kanda Neha , Fletcher Christopher G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Precise estimates of Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) are crucial for informed decision-making in regions like Northern Canada, where snow cover significantly contributes to springtime discharge. However, the sparse nature of the existing SWE monitoring network poses a challenge to comprehensively understanding the SWE distribution and variability. Reanalysis products like ERA5-Land provide long-term continuous SWE estimates, but our evaluation identified a negative bias (-61 mm) in the estimated SWE and maximum underestimation was observed at high elevation (>1500 m) areas. To correct these biases, we applied four correction methods: Mean Bias Subtraction (MBS), Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Random Forest (RF). RF exhibited the highest performance, reducing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by 78 % and minimizing the annual mean bias from 61.2 mm to 0.01 mm. However, RF did not produce reliable SWE estimates for unseen spatial and temporal domains due to its limitation of not extrapolating beyond the training data.
Minimizing the effects of Pb loss in detrital and igneous U–Pb zircon geochronology by CA-LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Donaghy Erin E. , Eddy Michael P. , Moreno Federico , Ibañez-Mejia Mauricio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Detrital zircon geochronology by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a widely used tool for determining maximum depositional ages and sediment provenance, as well as reconstructing sediment routing pathways. Although the accuracy and precision of U–Pb geochronology measurements have improved over the past 2 decades, Pb loss continues to impact the ability to resolve zircon age populations by biasing affected zircon toward younger apparent ages. Chemical abrasion (CA) has been shown to reduce or eliminate the effects of Pb loss in zircon U–Pb geochronology but has yet to be widely applied to large-n detrital zircon analyses. Here, we assess the efficacy of the chemical abrasion treatment on zircon prior to analysis by LA-ICP-MS and discuss the advantages and limitations of this technique in relation to detrital zircon geochronology. We show that (i) CA does not systematically bias LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dates for 13 reference materials that span a wide variety of crystallization dates and U concentrations, (ii) CA-LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon geochronology can reduce or eliminate Pb loss in samples that have experienced significant radiation damage, and (iii) bulk CA prior to detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology by LA-ICP-MS improves the resolution of age populations defined by 206Pb/238U dates (Neoproterozoic and younger) and increases the percentage of concordant analyses in age populations defined by 207Pb/206Pb dates (Mesoproterozoic and older). The selective dissolution of zircon that has experienced high degrees of radiation damage suggests that some detrital zircon age populations could be destroyed or have their abundance significantly modified during this process. However, we did not identify this effect in either of the detrital zircon samples that were analyzed as part of this study. We conclude that pre-treatment of detrital zircon by bulk CA may be useful for applications that require increased resolution of detrital zircon populations and increased confidence that 206Pb/238U dates are unaffected by Pb loss.
Mucormycosis in patients admitted to a university hospital: a case series
Authors: Fernandes Nascimento Rafaela , Moara Moara , Passos Amorim Pedro Antônio , Xavier de Campos Fillipe Thiago , De Paula Carneiro Cysneiros Maria Auxiliadora , Oliveira Guilarde Adriana 
Published: March 2024

Mucormycosis is an aggressive disease with high morbidity and mortality caused by fungi from the Mucorales order. They are fungi widely present in nature but may also be related to nosocomial infections. We present four cases of mucormycosis identified through histopathological analysis and involving the rhino-sinus region. All the cases were related to decompensated diabetes mellitus. Among these patients, two of them had lesions that affected their eyes and central nervous system (CNS). Although there were no fatalities, the two patients with ocular and CNS lesions experienced severe complications, including loss of vision and definitive chronic renal failure.
KEY WORDS: Mucormycosis; Covid-19; Sars-cov-2; diabetes mellitus; rhino-orbital.
PENGARUH RELATIONSHIP MARKETING TERHADAP CUSTOMER SATISFACTION PADA PT. CITRA PRATAMA DISTRIBUSINDORAYA
Authors: Suriyanto Suriyanto 
Published: March 2024

Dalam kondisi persaingan yang ketat di dunia bisnis seperti sekarang ini. setiap perusahaan harus mampu meningkatkan kapabilitas untuk bersaing dengan perusahaan lain sehingga bisa bertahan hidup dan terus berkembang. Salah satu hal penting yang perlu diperhatikan dan dilakukan perusahaan adalah mempertahankan pelanggan yang telah ada dan terus menggarap pelanggan-pelanggan potensial baru agar jangan sampai pelanggan meninggalkan perusahaan dan berpaling ke produk perusahaan lain. Memiliki pelanggan yang loyal adalah impian dari semua perusahaan. Namun tidak mudah untuk mendapatkannya. Pelanggan harus dibuat happy saat menjalin interaksi dengan perusahaan sehingga menghasilkan kepuasan. Adapun tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Relationship Marketing Terhadap Customer Satisfaction Pada PT. Citra Pratama Distribusindoraya. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif, yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel pada umumnya dilakukan secara random, pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen penelitian, analisis data bersifat kuantitatif dengan tujuan untuk menguji hipotesis yang telah ditetapkan dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS maupun manual dalam perhitungan angka-angka untuk menganalisisnya. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah 3.3.1. Metode Kepustakaan, Metode Survei dan Wawancara, dan Metode Kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian sebanyak sebanyak 56 outlet, sedangkan sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 56 outlet. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pada tabel 4.19, besarnya Adjusted R² berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan SPSS 22 diperoleh sebesar 0,683. Dengan demikian besarnya pengaruh yang diberikan oleh variabel kepercayaan pelanggan, komitmen, komunikasi, dan penanganan keluhan terhadap customer satisfaction adalah sebesar 68,3%. Sedangkan sisanya 31,7% adalah dipengaruhi oleh variabel lainnya yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
Analysis of Review of Literature on Financial Inclusion of Women in Access to Banking and Micro Finance
Authors: Ms. Amulya G T Dr. Annette Christinal, 
Published: March 2024

This study examines the relationship between financial inclusion and women’s access to Banking and Micro Finance in Karnataka. Scholars have long argued for the importance of access to financial products and services in achieving equitable economic growth and reducing poverty, particularly focusing on women. However, there is a limited understanding of how financial inclusion specifically impacts women’s access to Banking and Micro Finance, and little evidence regarding the determinants of women’s financial inclusion within the country. This study attempts to address these research gaps. Present study analyzes literature review on financial inclusion and women’s access to Banking and Micro Finance. This paper aims to provide a selective literature review of articles published in the last decade. The review also found that this research lacked a theoretical underpinning and that more research studies are needed to empirically validate some of the key variables emerging in this area of research. The study concludes with a literature synthesis and recommendations for future research.