bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mood Stabilizing Drugs Expand the Neural Stem Cell Pool in the Adult Brain Through Activation of Notch Signaling
Authors: Higashi Mikito , Maruta Noriko , Bernstein Alan , Ikenaka Kazuhiro , Hitoshi Seiji 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have attracted considerable attention as a potential source of cells for therapeutic treatment of impaired areas of the central nervous system. However, efficient and clinically feasible strategies for expansion of the endogenous NSC pool are currently unavailable. In this study, we demonstrate that mood stabilizing drugs, which are used to treat patients with bipolar disorder, enhance the self-renewal capability of mouse NSCs in vitro and that this enhancement is achieved at therapeutically relevant concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. The pharmacological effects are mediated by the activation of Notch signaling in the NSC. Treatment with mood stabilizers increased an active form of Notch receptor and upregulated its target genes in neural stem/progenitor cells, whereas coculture with γ-secretase inhibitor or the presence of mutation in the presenilin1 gene blocked the effects of mood stabilizers. In addition, chronic administration of mood stabilizers expanded the NSC pool in the adult brain, which subsequently increased the cell supply to the olfactory bulb. We suggest that treatment with mood stabilizing drugs could be used to facilitate regeneration following insult to the central nervous system.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
T-Cell Factor 3 Regulates Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency and Self-Renewal by the Transcriptional Control of Multiple Lineage Pathways
Authors: Tam Wai-Leong , Lim Chin Yan , Han Jianyong , Zhang Jinqiu , Ang Yen-Sin , Ng Huck-Hui , Yang Henry , Lim Bing 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is necessary both for maintaining undifferentiated stem cells and for directing their differentiation. In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Wnt signaling preferentially maintains “stemness” under certain permissive conditions. T-cell factor 3 (Tcf3) is a component of the Wnt signaling and a dominant downstream effector in ESCs. Despite the wealth of knowledge regarding the importance of Wnt signaling underlying stem cells functions, the precise mechanistic explanation by which the effects are mediated is unknown. In this study, we identified new regulatory targets of Tcf3 using a whole-genome approach and found that Tcf3 transcriptionally represses many genes important for maintaining pluripotency and self-renewal, as well as those involved in lineage commitment and stem cell differentiation. This effect is in part mediated by the corepressors transducin-like enhancer of split 2 and C-terminal Binding Protein (CtBP). Notably, Tcf3 binds to and represses the Oct4 promoter, and this repressive effect requires both the Groucho and CtBP interacting domains of Tcf3. Interestingly, we find that in mouse preimplantation development embryos, Tcf3 expression is coregulated with Oct4 and Nanog and becomes localized to the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. These data demonstrate an important role for Tcf3 in modulating the appropriate level of gene transcription in ESCs and during embryonic development.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1 as Marker of Epithelial Phenotype Reveals Marrow-Derived Hepatocytes, but Not Duct Cells, After Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Swenson E. Scott , Guest Ian , Ilic Zoran , Mazzeo-Helgevold Maria , Lizardi Pablo , Hardiman Camille , Sell Stewart , Krause Diane S. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The potential bone marrow origin of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and ductal progenitor cells in the liver was examined in female mice after transplantation of bone marrow cells from male green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic donors. Following stable hematopoietic engraftment, the livers of the recipients were injured with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, with or without local irradiation of the liver) or 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC, with or without local irradiation of the liver). The presence of numerous marrow-derived, GFP-positive inflammatory cells had the potential to lead to erroneous interpretation of marrow-derived hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and ductal progenitor cells. Identification of marrow-derived ductal progenitor or cholangiocyte phenotype using colocalization of GFP or Y chromosome with pancytokeratin staining also failed to distinguish epithelial cells from closely apposed inflammatory cells. To address this inadequacy, we developed a rigorous new immunofluorescence protocol to identify marrow-derived epithelial cells in the liver using Y chromosome (donor marker) and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 (HNF1, a nuclear marker of liver epithelial, nonhematopoietic phenotype). Using the Y/HNF1 method, rare (approximately one in 20,000) hepatocytes in female mice transplanted with male bone marrow contained a donor-derived Y chromosome. On the other hand, no Y chromosomes were found in cholangiocytes or ductal progenitor cells in mice with liver injury due to DDC or CCl4. The use of a nuclear marker of mature hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, such as HNF1, improves discrimination of marrow-derived epithelial cells in tissue sections.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Back to Basics: Bit Hydraulics
Authors: Wing C. S. , Brogdin M. J. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the application of current technology to drill liner holes with conventional bits in Roger Mills County, Oklahoma. A re-evaluation of the parameters to drill liner holes (6" and above) with a conventional bit vs. a downhole motor has reduced drilling costs by $10 to $20 per foot. Using a good bit hydraulics program and the hand held computer has changed liner hole drilling standards for us in this area.
Modified acrylamide copolymers as flocculants for model aqueous suspensions
Authors: Drzycimska Agnieszka , Schmidt Beata , Spychaj Tadeusz 
Published: May 2008

Modified acrylamide copolymers as flocculants for model aqueous suspensions
Two groups of acrylamide copolymers have been obtained by inverse microemulsion polymerization using: (i) acrylamide (AAm) with [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (AETAC) in the presence of sodium montmorillonite (MMT), and (ii) acrylamide with acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of aluminum sulphate. The received materials were characterised by capillary viscometry and the DSC methods, as well as the flocculation performances of the modified copolymers in the treatment of aqueous model suspensions of talc and calcium montmorillonite have been investigated. The effectiveness of the acrylamide flocculants was evaluated on the basis of the suspension extinction reduction and the sludge volume. The obtained results have been compared while using the modified materials and appropriate anionic and cationic AAm copolymers.
Infestation of trees by lianas in a tropical forest in Amazonian Peru
Authors: van der Heijden Geertje M.F. , Healey John R. , Phillips Oliver L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractQuestion:In Amazonian moist forest, four questions arose: 1. Do tree species differ in their susceptibility to lianas? 2. What host tree traits (branch‐free bole height, growth rate, bark type, leaf length and adult stature) are correlated with the susceptibility of tree species to lianas infesting the trunk and the crown? 3. To what extent do spatial variables (proximity to liana‐infested trees and the light environment of the tree crown) affect the likelihood of liana infestation? 4. Are spatial variables or tree traits relatively more important in influencing the susceptibility of trees to lianas? We address all questions separately for trunk and crown infestation.Location:Tambopata Nature Reserve, Peru.Methods:We collected information on liana infestation, tree morphological traits, growth, light‐environment and position for 3675 trees in seven 1‐ha permanent sample plots. We separated trunk from crown infestation and used correlation and logistic regression analyses for tree species and individual tree‐level analyses, respectively.Results:Half of all trees were colonised by at least one liana. Of 41 relatively common dicot tree species, at least five have significantly greater and three significantly lower crown infestation rates than expected by chance. Trunk and crown infestation are influenced by different host traits – trunk infestation was only affected by bark type, while crown infestation is reduced when trees are fast‐growing, tall, have low‐density wood, long branch‐free boles and long leaves. The likelihood of both trunk and crown infestation increases for trees growing in close proximity to another liana‐infested tree, but is invariant with the light environment of tree crowns.Conclusion:Crown and trunk infestation have not been properly distinguished before; it is important to do so as the factors determining the different modes of infestation differ fundamentally. The association between crown infestation and tree traits suggests that increases in liana dominance in Amazonian forests could cause changes in forest composition, including favouring faster growing tree species with low density wood, potentially reducing the carbon stored by mature forests.
Carbon‐Carbon Double Bond versus Carbonyl Group Hydrogenation: Controlling the Intramolecular Selectivity with Polyaniline‐Supported Platinum Catalysts
Authors: Steffan Martin , Klasovsky Florian , Arras Jürgen , Roth Christina , Radnik Jörg , Hofmeister Herbert , Claus Peter 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe use of polyaniline (PANI) as catalyst support for heterogeneous catalysts and their application in chemical catalysis is hitherto rather poorly known. We report the successful synthesis of highly dispersed PANI‐supported platinum catalysts (particle sizes between 1.7 and 3.7 nm as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, TEM) choosing two different approaches, namely (i) deposition‐precipitation of H2PtCl6 onto polyaniline, suspended in basic medium (DP method) and, (ii) immobilization of a preformed nanoscale platinum colloid on polyaniline (sol‐method). The PANI‐supported platinum catalysts were applied in the selective hydrogenation of the α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde citral. In order to benchmark their catalytic performance, citral hydrogenation was also carried out by using platinum supported on the classical support materials silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), active carbon and graphite. The relations of the structural characteristics and surface state of the catalysts with respect to their hydrogenation properties have been probed by EXAFS and XPS. It is found that the DP method yields chemically prepared PtO2 on polyaniline and, thus, produces a highly dispersed and immobilized Adams catalyst (in the β‐PtO2 form) which is able to efficiently hydrogenate the conjugated CC bond of citral (selectivity to citronellal=87%), whereas reduction of the CO group occurs with polyaniline‐supported platinum (selectivity to geraniol/nerol=78%) prepared via the sol‐method. The complete reversal of the selectivity between the preferred hydrogenation of the conjugated CC or CO group is not only particularly useful for the selective hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes but also unveils the great potential of conducting polymer‐supported precious metals in the field of hitherto barely investigated chemical catalysis.
Highly Enantioselective Construction of a Quaternary Carbon Center of Dihydroquinazoline by Asymmetric Mannich Reaction and Chiral Recognition
Authors: Jiang Biao , Dong Jia Jia , Si Yu Gui , Zhao Xiao Long , Huang Zuo Gang , Xu Min 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe highly enantioselective construction of a quaternary carbon center of dihydroquinazoline by an asymmetric Mannich reaction and chiral recognition are described. The key transformation was to establish the chiral trifluoromethyl quaternary carbon center by a diamine‐Brønsted acid‐catalyzed enantioselective and regioselective Mannich reaction of a methyl ketone and 4‐trifluoromethyldihydroquinazoline. An unusual phenomenon of self‐discrimination of enantiomers in hydrogen‐bonded dimers was observed. A valuable intermediate was transformed into the enantiopure HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor DPC 083 (>99.9 ee) simply by reduction of the carbonyl group and elimination of the hydroxy group in hexamethylphosphoric tramide (HMPA).
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Hydroformylation‐Hydrogenation of 1,2‐Allenyl‐Phosphine Oxides and ‐Phosphonates
Authors: Guo Hao , Ma Shengming 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation‐hydrogenation of 1,2‐allenyl‐phosphine oxides and ‐phosphonates is reported in this paper. The regioselectivity was well controlled, affording only saturated linear γ‐phosphinyl aldehydes under the standard conditions: (carbonyl)tris(triphenylphosphine)‐rhodium hydride [RhH(CO)(PPh3)3] (3 mol%), triphenylphosphine (PPh3) (10 mol%), carbon monoxide (CO) (2.4×106 Pa), hydrogen (H2) (subsequently charged to 4.8×106 Pa), toluene, 100 °C, 24 h.
Unmodified Nano‐Powder Magnetite Catalyzes a Four‐ Component Aza‐Sakurai Reaction
Authors: Martínez Ricardo , Ramón Diego J. , Yus Miguel 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA new catalyst for an old material: magnetite is an excellent Lewis acid catalyst for the four‐component aza‐Sakurai reaction. The process could be repeated up to 15‐times without losing effectiveness, with the catalyst recycling being as easy as the use of a simple magnet. The catalyst is selective and could discriminate between aldehyde and ketone functionalities, catalyzing first the reaction with the higher electrophilic aldehyde.
Partial HLA matching and RH incompatibility resulting in graft versus host reaction and Evans syndrome after liver transplantation
Authors: Grosskreutz Celia , Gudzowaty Oksana , Shi Patricia , Rodriguez‐Laiz Gonzalo , Malone Adriana , Isola Luis 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe report a case of a 67‐year‐old male who underwent OLT from a deceased, sex‐matched donor. Two months later he developed Evans syndrome and GVHD of the skin. Donor and recipient were matched for HLA‐A and ‐B loci in the direction of rejection but mismatched in the direction of GVHD and fully mismatched for DRB1. These mismatches were permissible for engraftment of donor T‐cells but led to GVHD. Chimerism appeared restricted to the T‐cell compartment. In this case, partially matched passenger lymphocytes triggered a graft versus host reaction. In addition, alloantibodies caused cytopenias that improved after immunosuppression. HLA typing was critical in confirming this rare diagnosis and elucidating its cause. Recipients of solid organs from donors that are partially matched in the direction of rejection may need to be closely monitored for GVHD. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caudal dysgenesis, sirenomelia, and situs inversus totalis: A primitive defect in blastogenesis
Authors: Rougemont Anne‐Laure , Bouron‐Dal Soglio Dorothée , Désilets Valérie , Jovanovic Mubina , Perreault Gilles , Laurier Oligny Luc , Fournet Jean‐Christophe 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCaudal dysgenesis (CD) constitutes a heterogeneous spectrum of congenital caudal anomalies, including varying degrees of agenesis of the vertebral column, as well as anorectal and genitourinary anomalies. Sirenomelia, characterized by a fusion of the lower limbs, could represent the most severe end of this spectrum. The two main debated pathogenic hypotheses are an aberrant vascular supply versus a primary axial mesoderm defect. We present the autopsy findings of two fetuses of non‐diabetic mothers, with normal karyotype. Both fetuses presented situs inversus associated with a CD, in one case consisting of sirenomelia, establishing a very rare association profile that might be random. This association also suggests the occurrence of a common pathogenic mechanism, in accordance to recent genetic data, such as displayed in the Kif3A murine mutation phenotype. Some cases of sirenomelia and CD could represent developmental field defects of blastogenesis involving the caudal mesoderm, rather than being related to vascular insufficiency. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deletion of 8p23.1 with features of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia and a review of deletions of 8p23.1 to 8pter ? A further locus for Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Authors: Baynam Gareth , Goldblatt Jack , Walpole Ian 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is characterized by facial dysmorphism; hirsutism; internal organ anomalies, including diaphragmatic hernia, and limb defects. While causative mutations in three genes have been identified the etiology of a significant number of cases remains unknown. We report on a child with an 8p23.1 deletion with features of CdLS and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. We review cases with cytogenetic anomalies involving 8p23.1, discuss a potential relationship between 8p23.1 deletions and CdLS and suggest a novel candidate gene for CdLS—Tankyrase 1. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GAPO syndrome: Three new Brazilian cases, additional osseous manifestations, and review of the literature
Authors: Goloni‐Bertollo Eny Maria , Ruiz Mariangela Torreglosa , Goloni Cristina B. Vendrame , Muniz Marcos Pontes , Valério Nelson Iguimar , Pavarino‐Bertelli Érika Cristina 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe GAPO syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease that presents as main characteristics evident growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, progressive optic atrophy and a typical face. Until now, only 30 patients have been reported in the medical literature (nine of them from Brazil, including the three cases described in the present article). This study describes three siblings with GAPO syndrome, two female and one male, the children of consanguineous parents (first‐degree cousins, inbreeding F = 1/16), who are older than the previously described patients, presenting the characteristic phenotype besides serious bone alterations in the lower limbs, which had not yet been observed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The influence of basal metabolic rate on blood pressure among indigenous Siberians
Authors: Snodgrass J. Josh , Leonard William R. , Sorensen Mark V. , Tarskaia Larissa A. , Mosher M.J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHypertension is an important global health issue and is currently increasing at a rapid pace in most industrializing nations. Although a number of risk factors have been linked with the development of hypertension, including obesity, high dietary sodium, and chronic psychosocial stress, these factors cannot fully explain the variation in blood pressure and hypertension rates that occurs within and between populations. The present study uses data collected on adults from three indigenous Siberian populations (Evenki, Buryat, and Yakut [Sakha]) to test the hypothesis of Luke et al. (Hypertension 43 (2004) 555–560) that basal metabolic rate (BMR) and blood pressure are positively associated independent of body size. When adjusted for body size and composition, as well as potentially confounding variables such as age, smoking status, ethnicity, and degree of urbanization, BMR was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP; P < 0.01) and pulse pressure (PP; P < 0.01); BMR showed a trend with diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P = 0.08). Thus, higher BMR is associated with higher SBP and PP; this is opposite the well‐documented inverse relationship between physical activity and blood pressure. If the influence of BMR on blood pressure is confirmed, the systematically elevated BMRs of indigenous Siberians may help explain the relatively high blood pressures and hypertension rates documented among native Siberians in the post‐Soviet period. These findings underscore the importance of considering the influence of biological adaptation to regional environmental conditions in structuring health changes associated with economic development and lifestyle change. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of the amount of ferromagnetic addition on the rheological properties of spinning solutions, the structure, the strength, and thermal properties of polyacrylonitrile fibres
Authors: Mikołajczyk Teresa , Janowska Grażyna , Wójcik Mariusz , Boguń Maciej , Kurzak Andrzej 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe rheological properties of spinning solutions of polyacrylonitrile in dimethyl formamide (DMF) containing various amounts of a ferromagnetic nanoaddition were investigated. The porous structure, the strength and thermal properties of fibers obtained from these solutions were assessed, as well as the uniformity of the nanoaddition distribution on the fiber surface was estimated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effects of initiators on the cure kinetics and mechanical properties of vinyl ester resins
Authors: Li Peng , Yu Yunhua , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: May 2008

AbstractInitiators play an important role in the curing of vinyl ester resins. In this study, two kinds of initiators were used to investigate the effects of initiator systems on the cure kinetics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of vinyl ester resins. The reaction kinetics, investigated with isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showed that the combination of different kinds of initiators could significantly decrease the induction times and exothermal peak times and increase the amount of isothermal reaction heat in comparison with a single‐initiator system. The residual heat of the isothermal cure of vinyl ester resins, obtained by DSC, demonstrated the existence of microheterogeneity in the cured resins. The DSC data also showed that the highly crosslinked phase (the microgel phase) was more perfect for the resins cured with an initiator‐combination system. No significant difference was observed in the mechanical properties of resins cured under different conditions, whereas the cure temperature had a great effect on the mechanical properties of cured resins. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Silane‐crosslinked ethylene–octene copolymer blends: Thermal aging and crystallization study
Authors: Sirisinha Kalyanee , Chimdist Sirinya 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThermally stable materials can be achieved by crosslinking. This article presents the thermal aging and thermal energy storage properties of ethylene–octene copolymer (EOR) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) blends as affected by silane crosslinking. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed a similar degree of silane grafting among the various blend compositions. However, the highest crosslink content was observed in EOR, whereas the lowest was found for LDPE. From melting temperature and heat of fusion data, a linear relationship between the amount of the crystalline component and the crosslink content was found. The decrease in crystallinity due to crosslinking was very limited, which implied a high thermal energy storage capacity of the silane‐crosslinked products and their good mechanical properties at room temperature. Furthermore, a strong ability to retain the properties after thermal aging indicated good thermal stability of the materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008