bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the disequilibrium theory in behavior change projects on homework and social media usage
Authors: de Merlier George , Romanowich Paul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe disequilibrium theory suggests restricting a behavior below baseline levels will induce response deficit and make that behavior a more impactful reinforcer. This reinforcement principle was incorporated into a behavior change project for eight students, where the instrumental behavior was homework, and the contingent behavior was social media (SM) access. Students self‐selected their level of SM access deficit and completed both a baseline and treatment phase during the first 8 weeks of an undergraduate learning and behavior course. Most students increased daily homework rates during treatment relative to baseline, although the average increase was not statistically significant. Daily SM rates were significantly decreased during treatment relative to baseline, which was evidence of response deficit. Students rated the behavior change project high on most social validity measures. These results indicate that behavior change projects based on the disequilibrium theory are a viable way to induce changes in socially significant behaviors.
Changes in rural caregivers' health behaviors while supporting someone with cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth A. , Collins Katelyn E. , Vicario Jazmin N. , Sibthorpe Chris , Ireland Michael J. , Goodwin Belinda C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeCaring for someone with cancer has a significant impact on usual routines, including caregivers' ability to maintain their own health and wellbeing. Caregivers living in rural areas face additional challenges in supporting someone with cancer, and little is known about the impact of caregiving on the health behaviors of rural caregivers. Therefore, this study explored how caring for someone with cancer affected rural caregivers' health behaviors.MethodsThrough semi‐structured interviews, 20 rural caregivers described changes in their health behaviors while caring for someone with cancer and the factors underlying these changes. Specific prompts were provided for diet, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, sleep, social connection and leisure, and accessing health care when needed. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used to identify changes in health behaviors and the factors underlying these changes. The factors identified were mapped to the socioecological framework, identifying areas for intervention across multiple levels (individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy).ResultsRural caregivers reported both positive and negative changes to their diet, physical activity, alcohol, and smoking. Sleep, social connection and leisure, and accessing health care were negatively impacted since becoming a caregiver.ConclusionsDesigning interventions to address rural caregivers' coping strategies, reduce carer burden and fatigue, improve access to cooking and exercise facilities and social support while away from home, reduce the need to travel for treatment, and increase the financial support available could yield widespread benefits for supporting the health and wellbeing of rural caregivers.
Physicochemical Evaluation and Pharmacological Screening of Fernando Adenophylla Steenis Fruits
Authors: Hassan Arham , Saeed Muhammad Asad , Zaman Muhammad , Aslam Nazia , Khan Mahtab Ahmad , Khan Azmat Ali , Alanazi Amer M. , Kundu Milton Kumar , Barai Hasi Rani , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe current study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of Fernandoa adenophylla. Powder studies were carried out to estimate the quantitative physicochemical characteristics of the crude drug, including moisture content, ash content, and extractive values. Using a Soxhlet apparatus and different analytical grade solvents, 3 sample extracts of a crude drug were made. To evaluate the potentially toxic nature, an acute oral toxicity study was performed as per OECD guideline no. 423. Sample extracts were tested and analyzed by ANOVA for pharmacological potential (analgesic, antipyretic, and antidiabetic) using Wister‐Albino rats. Where physicochemical analysis indicated purity, quality, and presence of organic/inorganic materials in crude drug extracts, no sign of mortality was found up to 2000 mg/kg of body weight of Fernandoa adenophyllas extracts. Analgesic activity was observed in all sample extracts, whereas only chloroform and ethanolic extracts expressed antipyretic and antidiabetic potential. Ethanolic extract was found to be most potent in pharmacological potential as 200 mg/kg extract dose exhibited %age pain inhibition of 55.12 % and reduced body temperature from 39.78±0.03 °C to 37.22±0.02 °C in hyperthermic rats. A decrease in blood glucose levels up to 57.88 % was observed on the 21st day of the treatment with 500 mg/kg ethanolic extract.
Epitranscriptomic orchestrations: Unveiling the regulatory paradigm of m6A, A‐to‐I editing, and m5C in breast cancer via long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs
Authors: Yin Qinan , Qu Zhifeng , Mathew Regina , Zeng Li , Du Zhe , Xue Yun , Liu Dechun , Zheng Xuewei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) poses a persistent global health challenge, particularly in countries with elevated human development indices linked to factors such as increased life expectancy, education, and wealth. Despite therapeutic progress, challenges persist, and the role of epitranscriptomic RNA modifications in BC remains inadequately understood. The epitranscriptome, comprising diverse posttranscriptional modifications on RNA molecules, holds the potential to intricately modulate RNA function and regulation, implicating dysregulation in various diseases, including BC. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), acting as posttranscriptional regulators, influence physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. RNA modifications in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) add an extra layer to gene expression control. This review delves into recent insights into epitranscriptomic RNA modifications, such as N‐6‐methyladenosine (m6A), adenine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) editing, and 5‐methylcytosine (m5C), specifically in the context of lncRNA and miRNAs in BC, highlighting their potential implications in BC development and progression. Understanding this intricate regulatory landscape is vital for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying BC and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer: Review of clinical trials and latest advances
Authors: Khorasani Ayda Baghery Saghchy , Hafezi Nasim , Sanaei Mohammad‐Javad , Jafari‐Raddani Farideh , Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi Atieh , Bashash Davood 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. As the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is involved in a wide range of physiological functions of cells including growth, proliferation, motility, and angiogenesis, any alteration in this axis could induce oncogenic features; therefore, numerous preclinical and clinical studies assessed agents able to inhibit the components of this pathway in BC patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that analyzed all the registered clinical trials investigating safety and efficacy of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis inhibitors in BC. Of note, we found that the trends of PI3K inhibitors in recent years were superior as compared with the inhibitors of either AKT or mTOR. However, most of the trials entering phase III and IV used mTOR inhibitors (majorly Everolimus) followed by PI3K inhibitors (majorly Alpelisib) leading to the FDA approval of these drugs in the BC context. Despite favorable efficacies, our analysis shows that the majority of trials are utilizing PI3K pathway inhibitors in combination with hormone therapy and chemotherapy; implying monotherapy cannot yield huge clinical benefits, at least partly, due to the activation of compensatory mechanisms. To emphasize the beneficial effects of these inhibitors in combined‐modal strategies, we also reviewed recent studies which investigated the conjugation of nanocarriers with PI3K inhibitors to reduce harmful toxicities, increase the local concentration, and improve their efficacies in the context of BC therapy.
RAD23B mediated proteasomal degradation occurs through p38 MAPK/ATF‐2/RAD23B axis under nutrient‐deprived conditions in breast cancer
Authors: Sriaishwarya Sukumaran , Lakshmi Baddireddi Subhadra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming in cancer occurs due to interaction of cells with the surrounding tumor microenvironment. In the microenvironment of solid tumors, nutrient deprivation is induced by high consumption of nutrients and insufficient vasculature. Tumor cells alter their metabolic strategies to adapt to the microenvironment. To understand the role of these metabolic changes, in the current study, we have mimicked nutrient deprivation condition in vitro to evaluate the associated signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. In our study, we have shown that nutritional deprivation activated p38 MAPK and activating transcription factor‐2 (ATF‐2) by increased phosphorylation of Thr180/Tyr182 and Thr71, respectively, in breast cancer cells. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK showed increased cell viability and reduced expression of ATF‐2 and RAD23B under nutrient starvation conditions. Further, silencing of ATF‐2 showed increased cell viability and decreased expression of RAD23B under nutrient starvation conditions. This suggests the involvement of p38 MAPK/ATF‐2/RAD23B axis as a signaling pathway under nutrition starvation in breast cancer cells. The RAD23B mediated proteasome activity was shown to be much higher under stress conditions indicating a crucial role of RAD23B as a target for breast cancer.
Retrograde chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention via ipsilateral collaterals
Authors: Al‐Ogaili Ahmed , Alexandrou Michaella , Rempakos Athanasios , Mutlu Deniz , Choi James W. , Poommipanit Paul , Khatri Jaikirshan J. , Alaswad Khaldoon , Basir Mir B. , Chandwaney Raj H. , Gorgulu Sevket , ElGuindy Ahmed M. , Elbarouni Basem , Jaber Wissam , Rinfret Stephane , Nicholson William , Jaffer Farouc A. , Aygul Nazif , Azzalini Lorenzo , Kearney Kathleen E. , Frizzell Jarrod , Davies Rhian , Goktekin Omer , Rangan Bavana V. , Mastrodemos Olga C. , Sandoval Yader , Nicholas Burke M. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited data on retrograde chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) via ipsilateral epicardial collaterals (IEC).AimsTo compare the clinical and angiographic characteristics, and outcomes of retrograde CTO PCI via IEC versus other collaterals in a large multicenter registry.MethodsObservational cohort study from the Prospective Global registry for the study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention (PROGRESS‐CTO).ResultsOf 4466 retrograde cases performed between 2012 and 2023, crossing through IEC was attempted in 191 (4.3%) cases with 50% wiring success. The most common target vessel in the IEC group was the left circumflex (50%), in comparison to other retrograde cases, where the right coronary artery was most common (70%). The Japanese CTO score was similar between the two groups (3.13 ± 1.23 vs. 3.06 ± 1.06, p = 0.456); however, the IEC group had a higher Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention (PROGRESS‐CTO) score (1.95 ± 1.02 vs. 1.27 ± 0.92, p < 0.0001). The most used IEC guidewire was the SUOH 03 (39%), and the most frequently used microcatheter was the Caravel (43%). Dual injection was less common in IEC cases (66% vs. 89%, p < 0.0001). Technical (76% vs. 79%, p = 0.317) and procedural success rates (74% vs. 79%, p = 0.281) were not different between the two groups. However, IEC cases had a higher procedural complications rate (25.8% vs. 16.4%, p = 0.0008), including perforations (17.3% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.0001), pericardiocentesis (3.1% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.018), and dissection/thrombus of the donor vessel (3.7% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.002).ConclusionThe use of IEC for retrograde CTO PCI was associated with similar technical and procedural success rates when compared with other retrograde cases, but higher incidence of periprocedural complications.
Advances in CO2 Electroreduction over Hollow Fiber Gas Diffusion Electrodes
Authors: Gao Yuanlin , Tu Xiaoyue , Liu Xiangjian , Zhang Yu , Huang Minghua , Zhu Jiawei , Jiang Heqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) to high‐value chemicals by renewable energy is a promising route for achieving carbon cycling. Traditional two‐dimensional planar electrodes applied in CO2RR are faced with problems of high mass transfer resistance, carbonate precipitation, flooding, and complicated structures, seriously limiting their CO2RR efficiency and application. Three‐dimensional hollow fiber gas diffusion electrodes (HFGDEs) are promising candidates due to their rich specific surface area, low mass transfer resistance, simplified component, and no flooding trouble, which are beneficial for achieving high current density as well as high CO2RR efficiency. In this review, we provide inspirations and positive paradigms for the rational design of HFGDE toward CO2RR by following part: 1. The mechanism of CO2RR. 2. The classification of the typical metal‐based CO2RR catalysts. 3. The preparation process of HFGDEs. 4. Recent advanced HFGDE studies for CO2RR. 5. Challenges at this stage and future development of HFGDEs towards accelerating application of industrial CO2 reduction electrolyzers.
Dual Enzyme‐Encapsulated Materials for Biological Cascade Chemistry and Synergistic Tumor Starvation
Authors: Mishra Meemansha , Mishra Mallya , Dutta Saikat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFramework and polymeric nanoreactors (NRs) have distinct advantages in improving chemical reaction efficiency in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nanoreactor‐loaded oxidoreductase enzyme is activated by tumor acidity to produce H2O2 by increasing tumor oxidative stress. High levels of H2O2 induce self‐destruction of the vesicles by releasing quinone methide to deplete glutathione and suppress the antioxidant potential of cancer cells. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the enzyme‐loaded nanoreactors results in efficient tumor ablation via suppressing cancer‐cell metabolism. The main driving force would be to take advantage of the distinct metabolic properties of cancer cells along with the high peroxidase‐like activity of metalloenzyme/metalloprotein. A cascade strategy of dual enzymes such as glucose oxidase (GOx) and nitroreductase (NTR) wherein the former acts as an O2‐consuming agent such as overexpression of NTR and further amplified NTR‐catalyzed release for antitumor therapy. The design of cascade bioreductive hypoxia‐responsive drug delivery via GOx regulates NTR upregulation and NTR‐responsive nanoparticles. Herein, we discuss tumor hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and the effectiveness of these therapies. Nanoclusters in cascaded enzymes along with chemo‐radiotherapy with synergistic therapy are illustrated. Finally, we outline the role of the nanoreactor strategy of cascading enzymes along with self‐synergistic tumor therapy.
Nucleic Acid‐Templated Synthesis of Cationic Styryl Dyes in Vitro and in Living Cells
Authors: Faikhruea Kriangsak , Supabowornsathit Kotchakorn , Angsujinda Kitipong , Aonbangkhen Chanat , Chaikeeratisak Vorrapon , Palaga Tanapat , Assavalapsakul Wanchai , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim , Vilaivan Tirayut 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA novel method for synthesizing cationic styryl dyes through a nucleic acid‐templated reaction has been developed. This approach overcomes issues associated with traditional synthesis methods, such as harsh conditions, low throughput, and wasteful chemicals. The presence of a nucleic acid template accelerated the styryl dye formation from quaternized heteroaromatic and cationic aldehyde substrates. These styryl dyes show remarkable optical properties change when bound to nucleic acids, hence the success of the synthesis could be readily monitored in situ by UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and the optical properties data were also observable at the same time. This method provides the desired products from a broad range of coupling partners. By employing different substrates and templates, it is possible to identify new dyes that can bind to a specific type of nucleic acid such as a G‐quadruplex. The templated dye synthesis is also successfully demonstrated in live HeLa cells. This approach is a powerful tool for the rapid synthesis and screening of dyes specific for diverse types of nucleic acids or cellular organelles, facilitating new biological discoveries.
Ether Naphthotube Host‐Guest Complexes and [2]Rotaxanes with Dications
Authors: Zheng Li‐Shuo , Wang Song‐Meng , Jiang Wei , Wang Li‐Li , Yang Liu‐Pan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe interactions between ether naphthotube and a series of dication guests in organic solution were investigated. It was found that ether naphthotube formed stable host‐guest complexes selectively with these guests in a 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio with association constants ranging from 102 to 106 M−1, which were confirmed by 1H‐NMR spectra and ITC experiments. The host‐guest interactions are driven by enthalpy change as the entropic factors are unfavorable. Positive correlations between ΔH and ΔS have been observed in the host‐guest complexes. Furthermore, the para‐substitution of the guests can significantly affect the binding affinities through a combination of field/inductive and resonance effects by following a linear free energy relationship. Based on the host‐guest complexes composed of ether naphthotube and organic cations, two interlocked [2]rotaxanes were prepared by cationization reaction and Huisgen cycloaddition between the cations and the stopper components. The ether naphthotube‐based host‐guest complexes are useful for creating sophisticated interlocked molecules.
A machine learning approach to predicting vascular calcification risk of type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study
Authors: Liang Xue , Li Xinyu , Li Guosheng , Wang Bing , Liu Yudan , Sun Dongli , Liu Li , Zhang Ran , Ji Shukun , Yan Wanying , Yu Ruize , Gao Zhengnan , Liu Xuhan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecently, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have experienced a higher incidence and severer degree of vascular calcification (VC), which leads to an increase in the incidence and mortality of vascular complications in patients with T2DM.HypothesisTo construct and validate prediction models for the risk of VC in patients with T2DM.MethodsTwenty‐three baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Ten clinical features were screened with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method and were used to develop prediction models based on eight machine learning (ML) algorithms (k‐nearest neighbor [k‐NN], light gradient boosting machine, logistic regression [LR], multilayer perception [(MLP], Naive Bayes [NB], random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM], XGBoost [XGB]). Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, and precision.ResultsA total of 1407 and 352 patients were retrospectively collected in the training and test sets, respectively. Among the eight models, the AUC value in the NB model was higher than the other models (NB: 0.753, LGB: 0.719, LR: 0.749, MLP: 0.715, RF: 0.722, SVM: 0.689, XGB:0.707, p < .05 for all). The k‐NN model achieved the highest sensitivity of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.633–0.857), the MLP model achieved the highest accuracy of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.767–0.852) and specificity of 0.875 (95% CI: 0.836–0.912).ConclusionsThis study developed a predictive model of VC based on ML and clinical features in type 2 diabetic patients. The NB model is a tool with potential to facilitate clinicians in identifying VC in high‐risk patients.
Spectral Phasor Applied to Spectrally‐Resolved Single Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Manko Hanna , Burton Matthew G. , Mély Yves , Godet Julien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpectrally‐resolved single‐molecule localization microscopy (srSMLM) has emerged as a powerful tool for exploring the spectral properties of single emitters in localization microscopy. By simultaneously capturing the spatial positions and spectroscopic signatures of individual fluorescent molecules, srSMLM opens up the possibility of investigating an additional dimension in super‐resolution imaging. However, appropriate and dedicated tools are required to fully capitalize on the spectral dimension. Here, we propose the application of the spectral phasor analysis as an effective method for summarizing and analyzing the spectral information obtained from srSMLM experiments. The spectral phasor condenses the complete spectrum of a single emitter into a two‐dimensional space, preserving key spectral characteristics for single‐molecule spectral exploration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of spectral phasor in efficiently classifying single Nile Red fluorescence emissions from largely overlapping cyanine fluorescence signals in dual‐color PAINT experiments. Additionally, we employed spectral phasor with srSMLM to reveal subtle alterations occurring in the membrane of Gram‐positive Enterococcus hirae in response to gramicidin exposure, a membrane‐perturbing antibiotic treatment. Spectral phasor provides a robust, model‐free analytic tool for the detailed analysis of the spectral component of srSMLM, enhancing the capabilities of multi‐color spectrally‐resolved single‐molecule imaging.
Construction of logic circuit with modular molecular switching strategy based on DNA strand displacement
Authors: Huang Chun , Shao Jiaying , Guo Yifei , Yao Junying , Peng Baolei , Guo Qingshuang , Sun Junwei , Zhang Xuncai , Wang Yanfeng 
Published: April 2024

SummaryAt present, many DNA logic circuits have been successfully constructed. However, advanced complex DNA computing tasks with simple structure, fast response, and modularization still remain a huge challenge. In this paper, molecular switch circuits (MSCs) are constructed based on DNA strand displacement to improve above problems. At first, molecular switch is constructed, which is the basic element for building logic circuits. Next, the functions of AND, OR, Fan‐in, and Fan‐out are realized through switches cascading in series or parallel. Furthermore, switch canvas strategy is explored to obtain the shortest reaction path and highest output concentration for circuits. Finally, a novel strategy of integrating computing module using molecular switches is proposed. Here, we construct a half‐adder, half‐subtractor, and a 9‐bit parity checking circuits to verify its feasibility. Compared with the classical monorail and dual‐track logic circuits, the structure scale is reduced by more than two times, and the DNA strands are decreased by more than four times, which effectively reduces the circuit complexity and raises the reaction speed. The above results show that MSC strategy has a great potential to construct large‐scale DNA circuits and provides a development model for the scalability and modularity of biological computing.