bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of wall shear stress in the aorta with the use of MR phase velocity mapping
Authors: Osinnski John N. , Ku David N. , Mukundan Srinivasan , Loth Francis , Pettigrew Roderic I 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMR phase velocity mapping was used to calculate wall shear stress (WSS) in the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta, two sites with very different proclivities for development of atherosclerosis. For the eight subjects studied, the average value of the mean (tune averaged over the cardiac cycle) WSS in the suprarenal aorta was 10.4 dynes/cm2 at the posterior wall and 8.6 at the anterior wall. In the infrarenal aorta, WSS values were 4.7 at the posterior wall and 6.1 at the anterior wall. Peak WSS over the cardiac cycle was 48 and 54 at the anterior and posterior walls of the suprarenal aorta, respectively, and 33 and 30 at the anterior and posterior walls of the infrarenal aorta, respectively. Wide variation was found in both mean and peak WSS values among subjects. However, for 28 of 32 locations examined, mean and peak WSS were ingher in the suprarenal aorta than in the infrarenal aorta. Because atherosclerosis is more likely to form in the infrarenal aorta than in the suprarenal aorta, tins study supports the hypothesis that low WSS is a localizing factor for atherosclerosis, and ingh WSS may act as a deterrent against formation of atherosclerosis.
Phase‐contrast echo‐planar MR imaging: Real‐time quantification of plow and velocity patterns in the thoracic vessels induced by valsalva's maneuver
Authors: Eichenberger A. C. , Schwitter J. , McKinnon G. C. , Debatin J. F. , Von Schulthess G. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough the clinical manifestations of Valsalva's maneuver are well known, the associated hemodynamic changes in the great vessels have not been extensively studied and documented. In each of six healthy subjects, we evaluated three “quasi‐steady‐state” phases of Valsalva's maneuver: (1) during normal respiration, (2) during late strain, and (3) 4 seconds after strain release. Continuous flow, velocity, and cross‐sectional area measurements were obtained in the superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, and thoracic aorta with single‐shot echo‐planar MR imaging (EPI) with velocity‐encoded gradients, which provided 256 Images in 5 seconds, yielding 26 velocity‐encoded images per second. In the superior vena cava, Valsalva's maneuver induced an 11% decrease in average flow volume, a 102% increase in peak flow velocity, a 156% increase in the time velocity integral, and a 37% decrease in cross‐sectional area. MR velocity measurements agreed with echo‐cardiographic data and supplied additional information on flow and morphology. EPI showed a reduction in venous return during Valsalva's maneuver by simultaneously assessing flow, velocity, and vessel morphology; this technique appears to be useful in the analysis of flow dynamics of the great vessels.
Changes in fibroglandular volume and water content of breast tissue during the menstrual cycle observed by MR imaging at 1.5 t
Authors: Graham S. J. , Stanchev P. L. , Lloyd‐Smith J. O. A. , Bronskill M. J. , Plewes D. B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMR imaging at 1.5 T was used to investigate variations in breast parenchyma during the menstrual cycle. Seven subjects were examined twice weekly over at least one menstrual cycle. A three‐point Dixon technique (TE = 19 msec, TR = 2000 msec) provided images of fat, water, and static magnetic field (B0), from which two quantitative whole breast parameters were calculated: the mean relative volumetric water content, 〈WC〉, and the mean volumetric fibroglandular fraction, 〈FV〉. Four of seven subjects showed unequivocal cyclic variations in 〈WC〉 and 〈FV〉 consistent with expected histologic changes; 〈WC〉 and 〈FV〉 values were elevated during menses and reduced in mid‐cycle. The maximum deviation measured for each of the four subjects was ≦10% in 〈WC〉 and 〈FV〉 units. These variations probably do not influence significantly the clinical interpretation of unenhanced MR breast images. Quantitative measurements of breast parenchyma, however, should recognize these effects.
Radiofrequency shielding of surface coils at 4.0 t
Authors: Ong Kenneth C. , Wen Han , Chesnick A. Scott , Duewell Stefan , Jaffer Farouc A. , Balaban Robert S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBecause radiation loss associated with a radiofrequency (RF) coil increases as roughly the fourth power of the frequency, this loss mechanism may become important in high‐field studies above 2.0 T. In this study, the contribution of radiation losses at 4.0 T were determined in a rectangular surface coil using an RF shield to modify the radiation losses. The effect of this shield was determined on coil Q, B1 distribution, and signal to noise as a function of distance between the coil and the shield. Phantoms and human tissue were evaluated to characterize the loss mechanisms. The results demonstrate a large radiation loss in the unshielded surface coil. However, the radiation losses in vivo were not dominant owing to a large inductive loss occurring from dielectric currents in the body at 170 MHz.
MR demonstration of a cystic pheochromocytoma
Authors: Belden Clifford J. , Powers Cathryn , Ros Pablo R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCystic pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal gland that can pose a diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a 14 year‐old boy who had an adrenal lesion that appeared cystic by both sonography and CT, but that demonstrated hemorrhage into the lesion at MR Imaging, and proved to be a cystic pheochromocytoma. We emphasize the importance of considering the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma when faced with a cystic lesion of the adrenal gland.
Spinal cord dopamine receptor expression and function in mice with 6‐OHDA lesion of the A11 nucleus and dietary iron deprivation
Authors: Zhao Hongru , Zhu Wen , Pan Tianhong , Xie Wenjie , Zhang Aijun , Ondo William G. , Le Weidong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt is suggested that dysfunction of the diencephalospinal dopaminergic (DAergic) pathway may cause restless legs syndrome. We examined the mRNA and protein levels as well as DA receptor subtypes function within the lumbar spinal cord of an RLS animal model. C57BL/6 male mice with or without iron deprivation were lesioned with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) in the bilateral A11 nuclei. Locomotor behaviors were observed. DA concentration, mRNA, and protein levels of D1, D2, and D3 receptors in the lumbar spinal cords were analyzed, and the specific binding of D1, D2, and D3 receptors was determined using [3H]SCH23390, [3H]Spiperone, and [3H]PD128907 radioligands respectively. The behavioral tests showed that the locomotor activities were increased significantly in the mice treated with iron‐deficiency (ID) diet and 6‐OHDA lesions, which were reversed by the D2/D3 agonist ropinirole. DA in the spinal cord was decreased significantly by 6‐OHDA lesioning in A11. D2/D3 mRNA and protein levels as well as their binding capacity in the spinal cord were decreased significantly by 6‐OHDA lesions. ID with 6‐OHDA lesions produced a synergistic greater decrease of D2 binding. Although ID increased D1 mRNA and protein expression in the spinal cord, it did not significantly change D1 receptor binding. The present study suggests that ID and 6‐OHDA lesions in A11 nuclei differentially altered the D1, D2, and D3 receptors expression and binding capacity in the lumbar spinal cord of RLS animal model, which was accompanied by changes in locomotor activities. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of storage temperature and duration on glucosinolate, total vitamin C and nitrate contents in rocket salad (Eruca sativa Mill.)
Authors: Kim Sun‐Ju , Ishii Gensho 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of storage temperature and duration on nitrate, total vitamin C and glucosinolate (GSL) contents was investigated in rocket salad (Eruca sativa Mill.) grown in soilless culture. Harvested plants were either maintained intact as leaves with roots (RL) or separated as leaves only (LO) before being placed in oriented polypropylene packages and immediately stored at 4 °C (RL and LO) or 15 °C (LO only) in darkness. Packages were sampled after 1, 3, 6 and 10 days of storage (DOS) and, along with fresh samples (0 DOS), submitted to chemical analysis. For RL (4 °C), leaf moisture content decreased gradually with increasing storage duration, from 98.7% at 1 DOS to 93.8% at 10 DOS. For LO (15 °C), leaf colour at 10 DOS had shifted from an initial greenish hue to a yellowish one. Nitrate contents were highest at 10 DOS in all treatments but did not show any significant differences between LO (15 °C) and RL (4 °C). Total vitamin C content ranged from 0.87 to 1.81 mg g−1 fresh weight and was higher in both LO (4 °C) and RL (4 °C) leaves than in those of LO (15 °C) regardless of storage duration. Total GSL content in the leaves of both LO (4 °C) and LO (15 °C) increased up to 3 DOS and decreased thereafter. The correlation between total vitamin C and GSL contents only existed at 0 DOS before storage and at 3 DOS of LO (15 °C) during storage in all treatments. Storage temperature generally had a significant effect on GSLs individually or collectively, except for 4‐methoxyglucobrassicin. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamics of vitellogenin mRNA expression during vitellogenesis in the banana shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) merguiensis using real‐time PCR
Authors: Phiriyangkul Pharima , Puengyam Peerapong , Jakobsen Ingrid B. , Utarabhand Prapaporn 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn open reading frame (ORF) of vitellogenin (Vg) cDNA was amplified from the ovaries of the banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis. An examination of Vg‐deduced amino acid sequence revealed the presence of cleavage sites at a consensus motif for subtilisin‐like endoproteases prior to the N‐terminal sequences of purified vitellin (Vt) subunits. A comparison of the primary structures of Vg molecules in decapod crustacean species revealed the existence of a common characteristic structure, and phylogenetic analysis reflected the current taxonomic classifications of crustaceans. A PCR product of 1.1 kb encoding the 3′‐end of Vg cDNA was cloned from the hepatopancreas. Although its sequence was almost identical to that of the same region of the ovarian Vg, with only 18 nucleotide differences, analysis suggests that they have been subjected to natural selection, indicating that there may be two different, tissue‐specific Vg genes in P. merguiensis. This is consistent with the different expression patterns of Vg mRNA, as determined by real‐time PCR. Vg mRNA levels were maintained at low levels during the previtellogenic stage and they increased as vitellogenesis progressed to reach a peak at the early vitellogenic stage in the ovary or at the vitellogenic stage in the hepatopancreas, and thereafter, levels decreased. Expression of Vg mRNA was much higher in the ovary compared to the hepatopancreas at all stages of ovarian development, implying that the ovary is mainly responsible for Vt synthesis. These indicate that penaeids constitute a unique model for vitellogenesis, showing intraovarian gene expression and synthesis of yolk protein Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1198–1207, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of a novel T‐complex testis expressed 5 (Tctex5) in mouse testis, epididymis, and spermatozoa
Authors: Han Y.B. , Feng H.L. , Cheung C.K. , Lam P.M. , Wang C.C. , Haines C.J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExpression of T‐complex testis expressed 5 (Tctex5), an orthologue of protein phosphatase‐1 inhibitor‐3 (PPP1R11), was enhanced in mouse testis and was also expressed in epididymis and spermatozoa. There were three transcripts of Tctex5 including one brain specific and two common transcripts dominant in mouse testis. Tctex5 protein isoforms (75, 52, 32, 25, and 14.3 kDa) were identified. Isoforms of 75 and 52 kDa were spermatogenic‐specific and were found in protein fraction containing nuclei, mitochondria, and flagellum accessory, and also in protein fraction containing mainly membranes. Tctex5 was localized in nuclei of pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatocytes, cytoplasm of Sertoli cells in testis; cilia, secretion bodies and nuclei of epithelial cells and interstitium smooth muscle cells in epididymis; and head and principal piece of tail in epididymal spermatozoa. The results suggested that Tctex5 might be a specific protein phosphatase‐1 inhibitor in sperm; various Tctex5 transcripts and isoforms and cellular locations imply its different roles in spermatogenesis. Nuclei‐type isoforms (75 and 52 kDa) might take part in nucleus remodeling during spermatogenesis whilst membrane‐type isoform (52 kDa) might be responsible for dephosphorylation of proteins during capacitation. The other isoforms might play general roles for all kinds of cell types. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1132–1140, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homologous regulation of estrogen receptor subtypes in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Nelson E.R. , Wiehler W.B. , Cole W.C. , Habibi H.R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWhile considerable information is available on the physiological effects of estrogen, much less is known about the regulation of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, particularly in non‐mammalian vertebrates. Using goldfish as primary experimental model, we investigated sex‐ and tissue‐specific homologous regulation of ER subtypes (ERα, ERβI, and ERβII) by estradiol in vivo, in the liver and gonads. Treatment with estradiol, significantly upregulated transcript levels for all three types of ERs (ERα, ERβI, and ERβII) in the goldfish ovary and testis. In the goldfish liver, treatment with estradiol significantly increased ERα, ERβI transcript levels without affecting ERβII. In all cases increased ER transcript level was correlated with increased ER protein level determined by Western blot analysis, although we are not able to distinguish between ER subtypes. The results provide strong support for the hypothesis that homologous regulation of ERs is tissue‐ and gender‐specific, and may be a mechanism for estrogen‐mediated regulation of reproduction in goldfish. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1105–1112, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concentration and composition of free amino acids and osmolalities of porcine oviductal and uterine fluid and their effects on development of porcine IVF embryos
Authors: Li Rongfeng , Whitworth Kristin , Lai Liangxue , Wax David , Spate Lee , Murphy Clifton N. , Rieke August , Isom Clay , Hao Yanhong , Zhong Zhisheng , Katayama Mika , Schatten Heide , Prather Randall S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe concentration of free amino acids and the osmolalities in porcine oviductal (OF) and uterine fluids (UFs) on day 3 (D3) and day 5 (D5) were measured by HPLC and Vapor Pressure Osmometer, respectively. Based on these measurements we designed new media based on PZM3 by modifying the amino acid composition and osmolality. The effectiveness of the modified PZM3 on the development of porcine IVF embryos was then investigated. A total of 24 free amino acids were measured, including 20 protein and 4 nonprotein amino acids (β‐alanine, taurine, ornithine, and citrulline). There was no significant difference in the total concentration of amino acids among D3OF (13.06 ± 3.63 mmol/L), D3UF (10.54 ± 5.16 mmol/L), or D5UF (10.23 ± 6.69 mmol/L). But the total concentration of amino acids in D5OF (5.89 ± 1.47 mmol/L) was significantly lower than the three fluids above. Some individual amino acids varied significantly depending on where they were collected and from which day. The blastocyst rates of porcine IVF embryos were not improved when embryos were cultured in PZM3 with amino acids at D3OF (PZM3‐D3OF, 20.3 ± 7.9%) or D5UF (PZM3‐D5UF, 14.3 ± 10.7%) concentrations or in PZM3‐D3OF for the first 48 (20.5 ± 15.1), 72 (25.6 ± 10.4), and 96 (18.7 ± 10.0) hr and then transferred into PZM3‐D5UF compared with PZM3 with Sigma amino acid solution (PZM3‐SAA) (30.8 ± 9.1%). However, when IVF embryos were cultured in PZM3‐D5UF, the average nuclear number per blastocyst (57.6 ± 8.3) was increased compared to PZM3‐SAA (40.5 ± 3.5). The osmolalities in D3OF, D3UF, D5OF, and D5UF were 318 ± 8, 320 ± 32, 321, and 293 ± 8 mOsM, respectively. When the IVF embryos were cultured in PZM3‐SAA and PZM3‐D3OF at a variety of osmolalities (150–360 mOsM), higher blastocyst rates were obtained at 270–300 mOsM in the PZM3‐SAA group (24.6–33.9%) and 270–290 mOsM in PZM3‐D3OF group (22.4–24.2%). The blastocyst rate gradually decreased when the osmolality was increased or decreased in both groups. When the embryos were cultured in PZM3‐SAA at 330 mOsM for the first 72 hr and then transferred to 250 mOsM (33.3 ± 3.4%), the blastocyst rate was higher than original PZM3 (21.2 ± 2.2%) (288 mOsM). Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1228–1235, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of either glucose or fructose and metabolic regulators on bovine embryo development and lipid accumulation in vitro
Authors: Barceló‐Fimbres M. , Seidel G.E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOur objective was to determine if replacing glucose with fructose would decrease cytoplasmic lipid accumulation during culture of embryos with or without regulators of metabolism. In vitro‐produced bovine zygotes were cultured 60 hr in chemically defined medium‐1 (CDM‐1) plus 0.5% BSA and 0.5 mM fructose or glucose in Experiment 1, and glucose in Experiment 2. In both experiments, 8‐cell embryos were next cultured 135 hr in CDM‐2 plus 2 mM fructose or glucose in factorial combination with five treatments: (Experiment 1: control, 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 0.3 µM phenazine ethosulfate (PES), 30 µM dinitrophenol (DNP), and PES + DNP), and (Experiment 2: control, PES, PES + DNP, and 1 and 3 µg/ml cerulenin (C1 and C3)). Day 7.5 blastocysts were stained with Sudan Black B to quantify cytoplasmic lipid droplets as small (SD, <2 µm), medium (MD, 2–6 µm), or large (LD, >6 µm). Blastocyst rates per oocyte were 22% (Experiment 1) and 15% (Experiment 2) higher (P < 0.05) for fructose than glucose. For Experiment 1, numbers of MD were lower for PES, DNP, and PES + DNP than control and FCS (P < 0.05). LD were lower for PES and DNP than control, and higher for FCS than all other treatments (P < 0.05). For Experiment 2, MD were lower (P < 0.05) for PES, and PES + DNP than C1, C3, and control. For LD, PES was lower (P < 0.05) than control, C1, and C3, but not different from PES + DNP. The only effect of hexose on lipids was that fructose resulted in fewer MD (P < 0.01) in Experiment 2. In conclusion, fructose produced more blastocysts than glucose, and PES reduced lipid accumulation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1406–1418, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental arrest induced in cleavage stage porcine embryos following microinjection of mRNA encoding Brahma (Smarca 2), a chromatin remodeling protein
Authors: Magnani Luca , Cabot Ryan A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSmarca 2 (Brahma) and Smarca 4 (Brahma related gene 1, BRG1) alternatively occupy the catalytic site of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes. Mammalian embryos undergo a dramatic amount of epigenetic remodeling during cleavage development, which plays key roles in regulating both gene transcription and the developmental potential of the embryo. In order to understand how the epigenetic state of cleavage stage embryos is regulated, it is important to identify the factors that mediate epigenetic changes during cleavage development. In this study we hypothesized that altered expression of Smarca 2 would have profound effects on embryo development. The objectives of this study were to determine the expression pattern of Smarca 2 and determine the effects of Smarca 2 overexpression in cleavage stage parthenogenetic porcine embryos. Smarca 2 transcripts are most abundant in germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes and decline progressively during cleavage development. At the blastocyst stage, Smarca 2 transcripts are reduced by 18‐fold (GV stage oocyte vs. blastocyst stage embryo, P < 0.05). Parthenogenetic porcine embryos injected with mRNA encoding wild type human Smarca 2 exhibited a dramatic developmental arrest as compared to noninjected embryos, embryos injected with GFP mRNA, or mRNA encoding a dominant negative version of human Smarca 2 (P < 0.01). This work demonstrates the importance of Smarca 2 containing SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes in preimplantation porcine embryos and how perturbing the amount of Smarca 2 in porcine embryos disrupts cleavage development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1262–1267, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomics for everyday use: Activities of the HUPO Brain Proteome Project during the 5th HUPO World Congress
Authors: Hamacher Michael , Stephan Christian , Eisenacher Martin , van Hall Andre , Marcus Katrin , Martens Lennart , Park Young Mok , Gutstein Howard B. , Herberg Friedrich , Meyer Helmut E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLong Beach hosted this year's annual congress of the Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO). In addition to the numerous sessions, talks and poster presentations organized by HUPO itself, several events were arranged by the HUPO initiatives. The Brain Proteome Project (HUPO BPP) was very active, initiating three pre‐congress workshops: (i) the kick‐off meeting of the EU‐funded ProDaC consortium (Proteomics Data Collection) that is aiming at the bioinformatics Standardization in the proteomics field; (ii) the workshop “Standardization Issues in Proteomics: Perspectives from Vendors” giving an overview about the lessons learned by proteomics industrial partners; (iii) the 6th HUPO BPP Workshop “New Proteomics Approaches for further HUPO BPP Studies” offering new concepts for brain‐related proteomics studies.
Controlled synthesis of carboxylic acid end‐capped poly(heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate) and copolymers with 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate
Authors: Grignard Bruno , Jérôme Christine , Calberg Cédric , Detrembleur Christophe , Jérôme Robert 
Published: March 2007

Abstract1H,1H,2H,2H‐Heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate (AC8) was polymerized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer and copolymerized with 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate with the formation of random and block copolymers, respectively. The kinetics of the (co)polymerization was monitored with 1H NMR spectroscopy and showed that the homopolymerization and random copolymerization of AC8 were under control. As a result of this control and the use of S‐1‐dodecyl‐S‐(α,α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐acetic acid)trithiocarbonate as a chain‐transfer agent, the copolymer chains were end‐capped by an α‐carboxylic acid group. Moreover, the controlled polymerization of AC8 was confirmed by the successful synthesis of poly(1H,1H,2H,2H‐heptadecafluorodecyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) diblock copolymers, which were typically amphiphilic compounds. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1499–1506, 2007
Post‐infarction peripheral cysts of the lung in pediatric patients: A possible cause of idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Stocker J. Thomas , McGill Leigh C. , Orsini Edmund N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOcclusion of the main pulmonary artery to the right lung in a newborn infant produced peripheral (subpleural) infarction of the lung and cyst formation. Two older infants were found at autopsy to have subpleural cysts of the upper lobes. One had had surgery for repair of an atrial septal defect and a patent ductus arteriosus eight months prior to death, while the second had died suddenly of carbon monoxide intoxication. The authors suggest that pulmonary arterial occlusion may have been responsible for cyst formation in all three cases and may produce cysts in other infants that lead to idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax in older children and young adults. The presence of bronchopulmonary arteries in fetuses and newborn infants may provide the mechanism for the production of subpleural cysts following pulmonary arterial occlusion.