bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of care for people with osteoarthritis: a qualitative study
Authors: McHugh Gretl A , Silman Alan J , Luker Karen A 
Published: June 2007

Aim.  The overall aim of this qualitative study was to explore within primary care the experiences of management and care of individuals with end‐stage lower limb osteoarthritis who are on the waiting list for joint replacement.Background.  Osteoarthritis, one of the most common chronic diseases, causes loss of physical function and severe pain among sufferers. Improving quality of care and service provision for individuals with chronic diseases is high on the UK's NHS agenda.Methods.  Data were collected by semi‐structured qualitative interviews with 21 individuals with osteoarthritis who were waiting for a hip or knee replacement operation. Interviews were analysed using framework analysis.Results.  Participants had been suffering with osteoarthritis for between seven months and 38 years. The management by health professionals for people on the waiting list for joint replacement was minimal. However, participants spoke of ‘hiding’ their symptoms from health professionals and were trying to ‘self‐manage’ their symptoms. Families became more involved in helping individuals with osteoarthritis to manage with everyday life.Conclusion.  Management of individuals’ osteoarthritis while on the waiting list needs to be given consideration by health professionals in primary and secondary care. Health professionals need to be working with each other to provide more comprehensive care across the primary and secondary care interface.Relevance to clinical practice.  Case managers or community matrons could be identified as the co‐ordinator and assessor of the needs of patients with osteoarthritis so as to try and improve pain management and service provision for these individuals especially while on the waiting list.
A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of diet on weight loss and coping of people living with HIV and lipodystrophy
Authors: Reid Carol , Courtney Mary 
Published: June 2007

Aim.  The purpose of the research study was to evaluate a diet intervention in relation to the perceived weight loss and ways of coping of people living with HIV and lipodystrophy. The objectives were (i) to measure the perceived impact of weight loss upon men with HIV and lipodystrophy following a diet intervention and (ii) to identify strategies used by men to cope with HIV and lipodystrophy following a diet intervention.Background.  HIV positive people on antiretroviral treatments are normalizing their lives and are facing a life‐long future. Morphological changes occur as a result of antiretroviral therapy causing HIV positive people to hesitate commencing treatment.Design.  An experimental design incorporating pretests and posttests of experimental and control groups was used in the study.Methods.  The sample consisted of 30 men over 18 years of age, living with HIV and lipodystrophy. All participants were surveyed by questionnaires and their perceived weight loss and ways of coping were measured at baseline and 10 weeks.Results.  Findings indicated a significant improvement for perceived weight loss and although not significant, all coping processes were used more by the participants in the intervention group compared with the control group.Conclusions.  The diet intervention demonstrated a positive effect particularly upon perceived weight loss on men living with HIV and Lipodystrophy in the study setting.Relevance to clinical practice.  Diet is a recommended management option for people who endure severe and distressing symptoms from antiretroviral therapy.
Identification and detection of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida isolates with PCR primers targeting the gyrB region
Authors: Izumi S , Yamamoto M , Suzuki K , Shimizu A , Aranishi F 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is the agent of bacterial haemorrhagic ascites (BHA) in freshwater fish farming in Japan. To develop a rapid identification and detection method for P. plecoglossicida, a PCR amplification technique targeting the chromosomal DNA region coding the B subunit of the DNA gyrase (gyrB) was used. The nucleotide sequences of gyrB were determined in nine isolates of P. plecoglossicida and two other Pseudomonas species. On the basis of these determined sequences and the gyrB sequences of other Pseudomonas species or fish pathogenic bacteria deposited in international nucleotide sequence databases (GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ), PCR primers PL‐G1F, PL‐G1R, PL‐G2F and PL‐G2R were designed for specific amplification of the partial gyrB of P. plecoglossicida. The specificity of these primers in amplifying the gyrB of P. plecoglossicida was verified using selected strains of related bacterial species. The nested PCR technique was used to detect P. plecoglossicida from kidney and intestine of ayu. Primer pair PL‐G1F and PL‐G1R was used for the external PCR, and primer pair PL‐G2F and PL‐G2R for the internal PCR. Of 10 ayu juveniles, expected size PCR products were observed from intestine and kidney samples in one and two specimens, respectively. The PCR technique with primers based on the gyrB sequence is thus useful for the diagnosis of BHA.
Development of real‐time PCR assays for the detection and differentiation of Australian and European ranaviruses
Authors: Pallister J , Gould A , Harrison D , Hyatt A , Jancovich J , Heine H 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSerious systemic disease in fish and amphibians is associated with the ranaviruses, epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) and Bohle iridovirus (BIV) in Australia, and European sheatfish virus (ESV) and European catfish virus (ECV) in Europe. EHNV, ESV and ECV are recognized causative agents of the OIE (Office International des Epizooties) notifiable systemic necrotizing iridovirus syndrome and are currently identified by protein‐based assays, none of which are able to rapidly identify the specific agents. The aim of this study was to develop TaqMan real‐time PCR assays that differentiated these viruses using nucleotide sequence variation in two ranavirus genes. A conserved probe representing 100% sequence homology was used as a reference for virus‐specific probes. The virus‐specific probes produced a similar signal level to the conserved probe while those probes binding to non‐target viral DNA produced an altered fluorescent curve. The pattern of probe binding was characteristic for each virus. Sensitivity, specificity and dynamic range of the assay were assessed. The test is currently useful as a research and initial screening tool, with the potential to become a sensitive and specific method for detection and differentiation of ranaviruses with further development.
The interplay between radio galaxies and cluster environment
Authors: Magliocchetti Manuela , Brüggen Marcus 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
By combining the REFLEX and NORAS cluster data sets with the NVSS radio catalogue, we obtain a sample of 145, z &lt; 0.3, X-ray-selected clusters brighter than 3 × 10−12  erg s−1 cm−2 that show a central radio emission above 3 mJy. For virial masses Mvir≲ 1014.5 M⊙, 11 clusters out of 12 (corresponding to 92 per cent of the systems) are inhabited by a central radio source. This fraction decreases with higher masses as ∝M−0.4vir. If this decrease is a selection effect, it suggests that the majority of X-ray-selected clusters host in their centre a radio source brighter than ∼1020 W Hz−1 sr−1. A division of the sample into clusters harbouring either point-like or an extended radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) reveals that the steepening of the LX–T relation for low-temperature clusters is strongly associated with the presence of central radio objects with extended jets and/or lobe structures. In the latter case, LX∝T4 while for point-like sources one recovers an approximately self-similar relation LX∝T2.3. Monte Carlo simulations show that the steepening of the LX–T relation is not caused by clusters being underluminous in the X-ray band, but rather by overheating, most likely caused by the interplay between the extended radio structures and the intracluster medium. In the case of low-mass systems, we also find a tight correlation between radio luminosity and cluster temperature. The effects of the central radio source on the thermal state of a cluster become less important with increasing cluster mass.
The presence of radio sources with extended structures (61, corresponding to ∼42   per cent of the sample) is enhanced in X-ray luminous clusters with respect to ‘field’ radio-loud AGN. Furthermore, we find that the luminosity distribution of the cluster radio population differs from that of all radio sources, as there is a deficit of low-luminosity (LR≲ 1022 W Hz−1 sr−1) objects, while the number of high-luminosity ones is boosted. The net effect on the radio luminosity function of radio galaxies associated with cluster centres is of a flattening at all luminosities LR≲ 1024 W Hz−1 sr−1.
Undertreatment of rhinitis symptoms in Europe: findings from a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Maurer M. , Zuberbier T. 
Published: June 2007

Background:  Allergic rhinitis is a frequent disease affecting one in five Europeans with a significant impact on patient quality of life, health‐care costs, and economic productivity. Although effective treatments exist, the disease often remains undiagnosed and not correctly treated, despite clear diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines from WHO, EAACI (European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology), and GA2LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network). This study elucidates the reasons for this discrepancy from the patients’ point of view.Methods:  An internet and telephone survey was conducted with 2966 randomly selected adults with allergies from the general population in the five major EU countries: UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain.Results:  The main reason that the majority of respondents first visited a medical professional for their rhinitis symptoms was because these symptoms became intolerable. The respondents had not seen a medical professional in the past year for their rhinitis symptoms in 52.6% of the cases, and 30.2% of the respondents preferred nonprescription medication because it did not require visiting a doctor. ‘Nontreaters’ and ‘homeopathic treaters’ together made up 26.2% of the respondents, and 40.2% of them gave the cost of medication as a reason they do not use allergy medications.Conclusions:  Allergic rhinitis remains widely undertreated in Europe with avoidable socioeconomic consequences. Effective treatment exists, but patients wait too long to seek medical advice, and health providers neglect to actively screen early for allergies.
Number of Coronary Ostia in Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) with Normal and Anomalous Coronary Arteries
Authors: Durán A. C. , Fernández M. C. , Fernández B. , Fernández‐Gallego T. , Arqué J. M. , Sans‐Coma V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLittle attention is being paid to the presence of accessory coronary artery ostia in man and non‐human mammals due to their limited clinical relevance. However, information about their frequency and the cardiac territories irrigated by the vessels arising from them is of interest to obtain an accurate survey of the establishment of the coronary artery system in each species. The aim here was to compare the incidence and significance of the accessory coronary ostia in Syrian hamsters with normal coronary arteries and several coronary anomalies characterized by the absence of a left coronary artery originating from the left aortic sinus. The hearts from 2829 hamsters were examined using a corrosion‐cast technique, micro‐dissection, histochemical techniques, and scanning electron microscopy. Overall, 148 specimens displayed accessory ostia. A limited number of them belonged to the conal artery which supplies the wall of the right ventricular outflow tract. The other accessory ostia led to the septal artery, a vessel which irrigates the most part of the interventricular septum. The incidence of accessory ostia in normal and anomalous coronary artery patterns was quite similar. This suggests that the morphogenetic deviations producing the coronary artery anomalies reported in this study do not alter the connections of the septal and conal arteries to the aorta. The present observations lead to the notion that in the Syrian hamster, the septal artery should be regarded as a third coronary artery.
Occurrence of pathogenic fungi in soil of burrows of rats and of other sites in bamboo plantations in India and Nepal
Authors: Gugnani H. C. , Paliwal‐Joshi A. , Rahman H. , Padhye A. A. , Singh T. S. K. , Das T. K. , Khanal B. , Bajaj R. , Rao S. , Chukhani R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study examined 215 samples of soil from burrows of rats, other sites in bamboo plantations in different parts of India and Nepal by dilution plating and mouse passage technique for occurrence of Penicillium marneffei and other pathogenic fungi. None of the samples including 25 collected from the burrows of a bamboo rat (Cannomys badius) known to be a carrier of P. marneffei, was positive for the fungus. Among the pathogenic fungi recovered were four isolates of Pseudallescheria boydii (including one from Nepal), two of Trichosporon asteroides, one of Scytalidium hyalinum, 23 isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (including two from Nepal), and two of Microsporum gypseum. Fourteen of the 23 isolates of T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes when tested with the mating types of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii were found to be of the ‘+’ mating type. The frequent recovery of this dermatophyte from soils of bamboo plantations in several parts of India is remarkable. The study also demonstrates for the first time the occurrence of P. boydii and T. mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes in Nepalese soil. Among the other fungi recovered were several isolates of species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Fusarium, Chrysosporium, Acremonium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Geotrichum, Trichosporon and Rhodotorula.
DIVINE CAUSALITY AND THE NATURE OF THEOLOGICAL QUESTIONING
Authors: JANZ PAUL D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo be alive as embodied human beings in the world means to be both conceptually or ratiocinatively aware, and sensibly or causally aware. However, under a still powerful influence of idealism, theology over the past two centuries has virtually abandoned the causal and sensibly‐embodied attentiveness to its subject‐matter (revelation) as demanded by the incarnation. It has instead often come to comport itself one‐sidedly, in essentially analytical or linguistically self‐guaranteeing ways, and has thereby lost its contingent and genuinely vulnerable incarnational “edge” at the center of life. This essay tries to restore a properly twofold attentiveness through a reinvigoration of the traditional view of revelation as the divinely causal reality of God in the world.
TOWARDS A POETICS OF THEOLOGICAL CREATIVITY: ROWAN WILLIAMS READS AUGUSTINE'S DE DOCTRINA AFTER DERRIDA
Authors: McCURRY JEFFREY 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRejecting both a conservative theological method seeking retrieval and reiteration of theological claims from the Christian tradition and a liberal theological method of seeking the translation of theological claims into a modern idiom, Rowan Williams pursues a theological poetics of “traditioned creativity.” By viewing the texts of the Christian tradition less as deposits of truth to be plumbed and more as scripts to be performed in ways inflected by contemporary concerns, Williams can write theology that is both profoundly “traditioned” and innovative. This article shows how Williams pursues this distinctive program of theological poesis by attending to his reading of Augustine's De Doctrina Christiana in light of Derrida's reflections on the place of the economy of difference and deferral in all reading and interpretation.
CHRISTIAN ORTHODOXY AND RELIGIOUS PLURALISM: A RESPONSE TO TERRENCE W. TILLEY
Authors: D'COSTA GAVIN 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTerrence W. Tilley has argued that Dominus Iesus, published by the Roman Catholic Congregation from the Doctrine of Faith in 2000, legitimates a de jure form of religious pluralism which is compatible and acceptable to orthodox Catholic faith. This claim is inspected and criticised on both textual and logical grounds. Textually, Tilley is found guilty of incorporating that which he wishes to prove in his premises. The argument advanced thus clarifies the teachings of Dominus Iesus and also indicates the problem with Jacques Dupuis’ position.
Setting up the first genitourinary clinic in Malta and an audit of the initial performance
Authors: Schembri G. , Carabot P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground  The first genitourinary (GU) clinic was set up in Malta in January 2000. An audit was conducted to evaluate the demand for such a service and its effectiveness during the first 6 years after its introduction.Method  Case notes from the first 6 years were reviewed, and data were collected for gender, age, sexual orientation, symptoms, diagnosis, condom use, referral source, total number of attendances, and contact tracing.Results  The total number of attendances increased from 760 in the first year to 1832 in 2005. The male to female ratio decreased from 2.3 in 2000 to 1.6 in 2005, as more females attended. The number of partners treated per index case was 0.25. Eighty per cent of attendees were self‐referred; 16% were referred by their general practitioner (GP). Only 10% admitted to using a condom regularly. Twenty‐nine per cent of asymptomatic attendees in 2005 were diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Fifty‐three cases of gonorrhoea were diagnosed by the GU clinic during the first 6 years, with 17% of isolates showing resistance to ciprofloxacin in 2005. A total of 38 cases of syphilis were diagnosed compared to only a handful of cases reported in the 25 years prior to the introduction of the service.Conclusions  The increasing attendance, as revealed by this audit, reflects a growing demand for the service offered by the GU clinic in Malta. Numerous STIs are being diagnosed and treated, including syphilis, which has re‐emerged in Malta as it has in the rest of Europe. The prevalence of ciprofloxacin‐resistant gonorrhoea has been increasing, a trend that has also been documented in other European countries. In addition to successful management of STIs, the GU clinic would further benefit from a public health campaign aimed at encouraging asymptomatic sexually active individuals to attend for an STI screen, while simultaneously promoting responsible sexual behaviour.
Aerobic exercise intensity and time of stressor administration influence cardiovascular responses to psychological stress
Authors: Alderman Brandon L. , Arent Shawn M. , Landers Daniel M. , Rogers Tracie J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study examined cardiovascular responses as a function of time following exercise in which participants were exposed to a laboratory stressor. Ninety (42 women) young (18–35 years old) nonsmoking normotensive participants engaged in 30 min of high and low intensity (75–80% and 50–55% VO2 max) aerobic exercise and a sedentary control condition. Participants were randomly assigned to a laboratory stressor 5, 30, or 60 min following the exercise bout. Results indicate that low and high intensity exercise significantly reduce heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure reactivity and HR recovery values. An inverse relationship between intensity of exercise and subsequent cardiovascular reactivity was found. These findings suggest attenuated stress responses following acute exercise depend both on exercise intensity and the time of exposure to psychological stress following exercise.
Two stimuli are better than one: Combination rules for prepulse inhibition revisited
Authors: Krauter E. Evan , Avery Bridgette C. , Avery Michael C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStimuli that precede elicitation of the startle reflex can inhibit that reflex. J. R. Ison, M. Zuckerman, and J. M. Russo (1975), measuring the startle reflex in the rat, showed that the effect of combining two inhibiting stimuli was greater than that of either alone. They also demonstrated that this combination effect could be described by using the rule for adding the probability of independent events, expressing the effect of each prestimulus as the proportion of the response inhibited by that stimulus. The purpose of this research was to extend those findings using the startle blink in humans. In two experiments, participants encountered trials in which two stimuli (p1 and p2) were given in succession, ending with a blink‐eliciting noise (S). In Experiment 1 (N=18) p1 was a synchronous tone and a word (appearing on a computer screen), and p2 was a blink‐eliciting noise identical to S. In Experiment 2 (N=30), p1 was a soft tone and p2 was a word. For both experiments, two stimuli were more inhibiting than one, and the effect of combining p1 and p2 was accurately described by the Ison et al. combination rule.
Sixteen new polymorphic microsatellite markers isolated for red‐legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) and related species
Authors: FERRERO M. E. , GONZÁLEZ‐JARA P. , BLANCO‐AGUIAR J. A. , SÁNCHEZ‐BARBUDO I. , DÁVILA J. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe developed and tested 16 new polymorphic microsatellite markers for the red‐legged partridge (Alectoris rufa): four dinucleotide, two trinucleotide, eight tetranucleotide and two pentanucleotide repeat loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 21, observed heterozygosity was from 0.03 to 1.00 and expected heterozygosity was comprised between 0.18 and 0.91. Cross‐specific amplification in others members of the Phasianidae family highlighted the potential usefulness of these molecular markers for the study of related species.
Napoleon Bonaparte, Political Prodigy
Authors: Brown Howard G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe multiple roles, images and interpretations of Napoleon make it difficult to develop a scholarly consensus about the nature of his rule. The essence of Napoleonic rule derives from a triangular relationship between Napoleon Bonaparte, the post‐revolutionary French state and the Napoleonic Empire. Recent scholarship highlights the nature of the post‐revolutionary French state and the impact of the Grand Empire on Europe. Even so, Napoleon remains central. His relentless warmongering required massive conscription, the cutting edge of the modern state, and produced the main contradictions of the Empire. No wonder the nature of his rule remains controversial.
Media Naturalness and Online Learning: Findings Supporting Both the Significant‐ and No‐Significant‐Difference Perspectives
Authors: Kock Ned , Verville Jacques , Garza Vanessa 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIs the use of an online course delivery format, when compared with the more traditional face‐to‐face format, good or bad in the context of university education? Those who subscribe to the no‐significant‐difference perspective argue that online delivery is good, because it allows students with time and geographic distance constraints to obtain the education that they need, with no significant negative impact on the quality of the learning experience. Others argue that online delivery is bad, advocating a version of the competing significant‐difference perspective, because the electronic communication media used for online delivery are not rich or natural enough to enable effective learning. This study contrasted students perceptions and grades in two different sections of the same course: one delivered entirely online and the other delivered face to face. Data were collected and analyzed at two points in time, namely, at the middle and end of a long semester. The study found support for both the no‐significant‐ and significant‐difference perspectives. At the middle of the semester, students in the online condition perceived communication ambiguity as significantly higher, and also obtained significantly lower grades, than students in the face‐to‐face condition. At the end of the semester, no significant differences were found.