bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐microbial activity of a chemical isolate from the leaves of Uraria picta
Authors: Osazuwa E. O. , Igboechi A. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn investigation has been conducted into the anti‐microbial activity of a chemical isolate obtained from the leaves of Uraria picta. The isolate exhibited marked bacteriostatic or bactericidal and fungistatic or fungicidal activities. These effects were demonstrated in a wide spectrum of micro‐organisms. Findings from the investigation carried out provide scientific support to the local use of U. picta leaves for the treatment of skin diseases and for accelerating fracture wound healing.
Effects of guar and carob gums on glucose, insulin and cholesterol plasma levels in the rat
Authors: Forestieri A. M. , Galati E. M. , Trovato A. , Tumino G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGuar gum, obtained from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (L.) Taub. (Leguminosae), and carob gum, obtained from the seeds of Ceratonia siliqua L. (Leguminosae), were investigated for their effect on body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels in rats fed on a diet containing 15% of guar or carob gums for 2 to 6 consecutive weeks. At the same time, cholesterol plasma levels were assayed. A decrease in both plasma glucose and IRI levels together with a decreased haematic cholesterol level were observed.
Butanolic extract of Pueraria tuberosa DC.: Physiological response in the genital tract of cyclic female rats
Authors: Shukla Sangeeta , Mathur R. , Prakash A. O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBiochemical and physiological alterations have been observed in the genital tract of female cyclic rats treated with butanolic extract of Pueraria tuberosa DC. Its administration caused a significant increase in the glycogen contents, protein concentration, activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase and total cholesterol in the ovary, uterus, cervix and vagina. Further, in contrast to other organs vaginal glycogen decreased significantly. Its administration also stimulated the uterine structures, caused metaplastic changes in the cervical epithelium with marked keratinization and provoked considerable cornification in the vaginal epithelium. These changes have been correlated with anti‐implantation action of the butanolic extract in the light of its estrogenic activity.
Active components of ginger exhibiting anti‐serotonergic action
Authors: Yamahara Johji , Rong Huang Qi , Iwamoto Masatsugu , Kobayashi Goro , Matsuda Hisashi , Fujimura Hajime 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe pharmacological effects of crude drugs and other plant extracts on the contractile responses to serotonin (5‐HT) in isolated guinea pig ileum were examined. The acetone extract of giner was found to possess an anti‐serotonergic effect. The extract was further fractionated by column chromatography and results showed that [6]‐, [8]‐ and [10]‐gingerol were the active components exhibiting anti‐5‐HT action.
The spasmolytic activity of the essential oil of Thymus baeticus boiss in rats
Authors: Cruz T. , Jiménez J. , Zarzuelo A. , Cabo M. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGas chromatography and GC/MS studies of Thymus baeticus Boiss essential oil showed its major component to be 1,8‐cineole. The essential oil was found to present a marked spasmolytic activity in rat duodenum against acetylcholine via a non‐competitive type of inhibition. This action was not related to its major component, 1,8‐cineole.
Effects of a blended Korean herbal remedy, Ssang Wha Tang, on the liver cytoplasmic protein binding of sulfobromophthalein in rats
Authors: Han Yong‐Hae , Shim Chang‐Koo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBinding of sulphobromophthalein (BSP) to hepatic cytoplasmic protein was investigated to elucidate the mechanism of the increased systemic clearance (CLs) and volume of distribution (Vd), of BSP in rats by consecutive administration (for 1 week) of Ssang Wha Tang (SWT), a blended Korean herbal remedy. There were no significant changes in liver weight, GOT‐GPT activity and protein concentration in 105 000 g liver supernatant fraction between control and SWT treated groups. There was no significant change in the amount of hepatic Y‐protein, (glutathione S‐transferases), but the binding activity of the BSP to Y‐protein was increased significantly (p < 0.01) in the SWT treated group. This result suggests that the increased CLs and Vd of BSP in the SWT‐treated rats were due to increased binding activity of BSP to Y‐protein.
An analytical study on fatty acids in pollen extract
Authors: Seppänen T. , Laakso I. , Wójcicki J. , Samochowiec L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFatty acids in the fat‐soluble fraction of pollen extract (Cernitin GBX) were analysed. Fatty acids were determined on a Dani 3860 PTV GC. Identification was based on the retention times of known mixtures of free fatty acids and their methyl esters in GC/MS. The major part of the fatty acid fraction was in free form. Bound fatty acids were characterized by a high content of α‐linolenic acid (70%). The mechanism of antiatherosclerotic action of this pollen extract may be, at least in part, due to polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Distribution of phorbol ester bioactivity in the euphorbiaceae
Authors: Beutler John A. , Alvarado Ada Belinda , McCloud Thomas G. , Cragg Gordon M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo hundred and thirty‐five organic extracts representing 146 species and 75 genera from all five subfamilies of the Euphorbiaceae were examined in a phorbol dibutyrate receptor binding assay. With several exceptions, bioactivity was detected only in the subfamilies Crotonoideae (IV), and Euphorbioideae (V) of Webster's scheme, supporting the current arrangement of the family. Phorbol bioactivity was newly detected in the genera Crotonogyne, Cyrtogonone, Dimorphocalyx, Duvigneaudia, Fahrenheitia, Homalanthus, Maprounea, and Plagiostyles.
Immunomodulatory and CNS effects of sitoindosides IX and X, two new glycowithanolides from Withania somnifera
Authors: Ghosal Shibnath , Lal Jawahar , Srivastava Radheyshyam , Bhattacharya Salil K. , Upadhyay Sachidananda N. , Jaiswal Arun K. , Chattopadhyay Utpala 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo new glycowithanolides, sitoindoside IX (1) and sitoindoside X (2), isolated from Withania somnifera Dun., were evaluated for their immunomodulatory and CNS effects (anti‐stress, memory and learning) in laboratory animals, because the plant extract is used by practitioners of the Indian systems of medicine for similar purposes. The two compounds, in doses of 100–400 μg/mouse, produced statistically significant mobilization and activation of peritoneal macrophages, phagocytosis and increased activity of the lysosomal enzymes secreted by the activated macrophages. Both these compounds (50–200 mg/kg p.o.) also produced significant anti‐stress activity in albino mice and rats and augmented learning acquisition and memory retention in both young and old rats. These findings are consistent with the use of W. somnifera, in Ayurveda, to attenuate cerebral function deficits in the geriatric population and to provide non‐specific host defence.
Mast cell protecting effects of shilajit and its constituents
Authors: Ghosal Shibnath , Lal Jawahar , Singh Sushil K. , Dasgupta Gautam , Bhaduri Joydeep , Mukhopadhyay Mita , Bhattacharya Salil K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of shilajit and the combined effects of its main constituents, fulvic acids (FAs), 4′‐methoxy‐6‐carbomethoxybiphenyl (MCB) and 3,8‐dihydroxy‐dibenzo‐α‐pyrone (DDP), were studied in relation to the degranulation and disruption of mast cells against noxious stimuli. Shilajit and different combinations of FAs, MCB and DDP provided statistically significant protection to antigen‐induced degranulation of sensitized mast cells, markedly inhibited the antigen‐induced spasm of sensitized guinea‐pig ileum, and prevented mast cell disruption induced by compound 48/80. The findings are appraised in view of the clinical use of shilajit in the treatment of allergic disorders in Ayurvedic medicine.
Persistency of tylophorine as an insect antifeedant against Spilosoma obliqua walker
Authors: Tripathi A. K. , Singh D. , Jain D. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe methanolic extract of Tylophora asthamatica (Asclepiadaceae) leaves was bioassayed by a leaf disc method for feeding deterrence using Spilosoma obliqua Walker as the test insect. Tylophorine, isolated from the extract was evaluated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions for its feeding deterrence, persistence and systemic properties by using the natural host plant (Ricinus communis) of the test insect. The antifeedant compound azadirachtin and crude neem extract were used as standards. Tylophorine produced complete inhibition of feeding under laboratory conditions and was persistent in field trials for two days as determined by the damage rating score. However, both tylophorine and the crude neem extract were shown to be nonsystemic when tested in the Hoagland culture media.
Antibacterial constituents of Alchornea cordifolia leaves
Authors: Lamikanra A. , Ogundaini A. O. , Ogungbamila F. O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae), a traditional African medicinal plant, is widely distributed in West Africa. A number of phenolic acids, notably gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, quercetin arabinose and galactose glycosides, together with triisopentenyl guanidine were isolated from a methanolic extract of the leaves. The first two, and last one of these compounds showed considerable antibacterial activity.
Studies on antiinflammatory activity of taraxasterol acetate from Echinops echinatus in rats and mice
Authors: Sing Bupinder , Ram S. N. , Pandey V. B. , Joshi V. K. , Gambhir S. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTaraxasterol acetate, a triterpenoid found in several plant species, demonstrated antiinflammatory activity in albino rats against carrageenan, formaldehyde and adjuvant induced inflammations in doses between 10 and 100 mg/kg. Quantitative comparison of the activities of the alcoholic extract of Echinops echinatus, and taraxasterol acetate extracted from the former, suggested the presence of one or more minor, but probably more potent, antiinflammatory constitutent(s) in the original plant extract.
Bullatalicinone, a new potent bioactive acetogenin, and squamocin from annona bullata (Annonaceae)
Authors: Hui Yu‐Hua , Rupprecht J. Kent , Anderson Jon E. , Wood Karl V. , McLaughlin Jerry L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFurther fractionation of the EtOH extract of the bark of Annona bullata Rich. (Annonaceae) has led to the isolation of a new nonadjacent bis‐tetrahydrofuran acetogenin, bullatalicinone, and the known adjacent bis‐tetrahydrofuran acetogenin, squamocin. These two compounds showed potent and selective cytotoxicities for certain human tumor cell lines. Their structures have been elucidated by chemical and spectral methods. Bullatalicinone is the methylketo‐lactone derivative of bullatalicin which we found previously in this plant.
Investigation of diuretic drug plants. 1. Phytochemical screening and pharmacological evaluation of Anethum graveolens L., Apium graveolens L., Daucus carota L. and Eruca sativa mill
Authors: Mahran G. H. , Kadry H. A. , Isaac Z. G. , Thabet C. K. , Al‐Azizi M. M. , El‐Olemy M. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA preliminary phytochemical screening of fruits of Anethum graveolens L., Apium graveolens L., Daucus carota L., and seeds of Eruca sativa Mill., revealed the presence of volatile oil, sterols and/or triterpenes, carbohydrates and/or glycosides, tannins and flavonoids in the four entitled plants; Glucosinolates were detected only in Eruca seeds. Pharmacological evaluation of the aforementioned plants for diuretic activity has shown the ethanolic extracts of Eruca sativa seeds and fruits of Anethum graveolens, Daucus carota as well as the volatile oils in the former two plants to produce an increase in urine flow in dogs. Volatile oil of Eruca seeds, significantly, increased Na+, K+ and Cl− excretion in urine, whereas Anethum graveolens volatile oil significantly increased Na+ and Cl− excretion only.
Antiinflammatory and anti‐ulcerogenic activities of the organic extracts of Tanacetum microphyllum DC. in rats
Authors: Abad M. J. , Bermejo P. , Villar A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExtracts of Tanacetum microphyllum DC. (Compositae) have been investigated for antiinflammatory and anti‐ulcerogenic activity in the rat. In adjuvant‐carrageenan‐induced inflammation (ACII), orally administered organic extracts of T. microphyllum (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) inhibited both the acute and chronic phases of this experimental model of inflammation, but mainly the chronic phase; the dichloromethane extract was as effective as phenylbutazone. Prior oral administration of T. microphyllum organic extracts prevented the ulcerogenic effect of orally administered indomethacin. Again, the dichloromethane extract exhibited the greatest activity.
Effect of condensed tannins and related compounds on reverse transcriptase
Authors: Kakiuchi Nobuko , Kusumoto Ines T. , Hattori Masao , Namba Tsuneo , Hatano Tsutomu , Okuda Takuo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInhibitory effects of 18 condensed tannins and related compounds on reverse transcriptase from an RNA tumour virus were examined in the presence of poly(riboadenylic acid) oligo(deoxythymidylic acid) ((rA)n(dT)12–18) or poly(ribocytidylic acid) oligo(deoxyguanylic acid) ((rC)n(dG)12–18) as a template‐primer. A potent inhibitory effect was found in galloylated monomers and oligomers as well as non‐galloylated tetramer, trimer and two of three dimers. The mode of the inhibition of one of them, procyanidin B‐2, was competitive with regard to the template‐primer.
A preliminary study of Cedronella canariensis (L.) var. Canariensis extracts for antiinflammatory and analgesic activity in rats and mice
Authors: Ĺopez‐Garcia R. E. , Rabanal R. M. , Darias V. , Martín‐Herrera D. , Carreiras M. C. , Rodríguez B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeveral extracts and fractions from Cedronella canariensis (L.) have been submitted to analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory tests on rats and mice. The experimental results obtained justified the utilization of this species as an anticatarrh and antiinfluenza agent in Canarian folk medicine. Its acute toxicity turned out to be low as measured in mice.
Antidiarrhoeic activity of Sclerocarya birrea bark extract and its active tannin constituent in rats
Authors: Galvez J. , Zarzuelo A. , Crespo M. E. , Utrilla M. P. , Jiménez J. , Spiessens C. , de Witte P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe antidiarrhoeic activity of the bark of Sclerocarya birrea was investigated. The lyophilized decoction demonstrated antidiarrhoeic activity in experimental models of diarrhoea induced by magnesium sulphate and sodium picosulphate. This antidiarrhoeic activity was related to an inhibition of intestinal transit rather than to inhibition of net secretion of fluid and electrolytes provoked by the laxative agents. A condensed tannin was isolated from the crude drug which produced inhibition in intestinal motility, and the monomer of which was identified as procyanidin.
Action of compounds from Mandevilla velutina on croton oil‐induced ear oedema in mice. A comparative study with steroidal and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Authors: Zanini José C. , Medeiros Yara S. , Cruz Alexandre B. , Yunes Rosendo R. A. , Calixto João B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe antioedematogenic activity of two natural pregnane compounds from Mandevilla velutina was evaluated against croton oil‐induced ear oedema in mice. For comparison the effects of nonsteroidal (indomethacin, phenidone and BW 755C) and steroidal (dexamethasone) antiinflammatory drugs were analysed. The purified compounds from M. velutina MV8612 (3 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) and to a lesser extent MV8608 (30 and 100 mg/kg; i.p.), given 30 min prior to the croton oil, significantly inhibited this oedema, maximal inhibition (MI) of 53% and 26%, respectively. However, given orally 180 min after, neither compound had any effect. Compound MV8612 but not MV8606 (200–600 μg/ear) given 180 min after the irritant significantly inhibited croton oil‐induced oedema, MI of 29%. Indomethacin given topically (0.05–0.2 mg/ear) 180 min after, but not orally (1–10 mg/kg), significantly inhibited this oedema, MI of 30%, while phenidone administered either orally (100 and 300 mg/kg) or topically (2 mg/ear) 180 min after caused partial inhibition, MI of 24% and 18%, respectively. BW 755C, given topically (0.1 and 0.5 mg/ear) but not orally (10–300 mg/kg) 180 min after, was also effective in inhibiting croton oil oedema, MI of 18%. Dexamethasone given either topically (0.05–0.2 mg/ear) or orally (0.25‐1 mg/kg) 30 and 60 min prior potently inhibited croton oil oedema, MI of 86% and 79%, respectively. These results indicate that the natural compounds MV8612 and to a lesser extent MV8608 isolated from M. velutina, besides their antibradykinin activity, exhibited both topical and systemic long‐lasting antioedematogenic effects against croton oil‐induced ear oedema in mice.
Studies on capsaicin inhibition of chemically induced lipid peroxidation in the lung and liver tissues of rat
Authors: De Amit Krishna , Ghosh Jagat Jiban 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrevious work from this laboratory has already indicated that capsaicin, stabilizes the rat lung membrane lipid system on long‐term treatment. This stabilization of the membrane is further supported by our present findings that capsaicin pretreatment causes significant inhibition of various chemically induced lipid peroxidative changes at both cellular and subcellular levels. Both in vivo and in vitro studies, using whole lung and liver tissue slices and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, have shown that capsaicin pretreatment inhibits peroxidative changes at both cellular and subcellular levels. Both in vivo and in vitro studies, using whole lung and liver tissue slices and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, have shown that capsaicin pretreatment inhibits peroxidative changes induced by different chemical irritants such as chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride as well as ferrous sulphate.
Hypoglycaemic activity of Hexachlamys edulis (‘Yvahai’) extract in rats
Authors: Rodriguez C. J. , Loyola J. , Schmeda‐Hirschmann G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe hypoglycaemic activity of the extract of the crude drug ‘Yvahai’ (Hexachlamys edulis, Myrtaceae) was assessed on normoglycaemic and alloxan‐diabetic rats. After 7 days of oral treatment at 100 mg extract/kg body weight, Yvahai significantly reduced glycaemia in normal (p<0.02) and diabetic (p<0.05) rats during an oral glucose tolerance test. The maximum effect was observed between 1.5 and 2.5 h after glucose administration in normoglycaemic rats, and at 1.0 h in diabetic animals. The extract, however, did not have a statistically significant effect on the basal glycaemia of untreated compared with treated rats. A single oral dose of 500 mg extract/kg administered to normoglycaemic rats 1 h before glucose, elicited a significant reduction (p < 0.02) in the percent increase in glycaemia compared with vehicle‐treated animals. The effect was comparable to a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg tolbutamide. During the oral toxicity study, animals exhibited no symptoms of drug‐induced toxicity with doses up to 5 g/kg.
Investigation in rats of the antihyperglycemic effect of plant extracts used in taiwan for the treatment of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hsu Feng‐Lin , Cheng Juei‐Tang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn order to clarify the hypoglycemic activity of plants that are widely used to treat diabetes mellitus in Taiwan, the present study investigated the effectiveness of ten plant extracts by screening the decrease of blood glucose level in streptozocin‐induced diabetic rats. We found that only six plant extracts exhibited blood glucose lowering activities in the rat. Blood levels of insulin were also determined using radioimmunoassay methods. Lack of an increase of insulin‐like immunoreactivity in rats treated with these six plant extracts ruled out the mediation of insulin‐dependent mechanisms. Similar effects were also observed in glucose‐challenged rats treated with these extracts. The results confirmed the hypoglycemic activity of these plants and suggested that this action was produced through an insulin‐independent mechanism.
Antianaphylactic effects of the ethanolic extract from the petals of Impatiens balsamina L. in mice
Authors: Ishiguro K. , Fukumoto H. , Murashima T. , Kuriyama M. , Semma M. , Isoi K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe antianaphylactic activity of 35% EtOH extract (IB) from the white petals of Impatiens balsamina L. was investigated using murine immediate hypersensitivity reaction system induced by hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEL). IB has a significant antianaphylactic activity.
Anthelmintic activity of some sudanese medicinal plants
Authors: Ibrahim A. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts (0.25–50 mg/mL) from 14 plant species that represent seven families of the Sudanese flora was examined using the free living rhabditid nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans as a test organism. Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca and Sesbania sesban were the most effective (LC50, 0.8 and 8.0 mg/mL, respectively). Extracts of Albizzia anthelmintica, Cymbopogen narvatus, Abrus precatorius, Rhyncosia minima, Striga hermonthica and Anogeissus leiocarpa (LC50, 9.5–84.6 mg/mL were less effective in this model test system. Extracts of six plant species, Albizzia malacophylla, Gardenia lutea, Physostigma mesoponticum, Salvadora persica, Xeromphis nilotica and Waltheria indica had no effect upon C. elegans survival.
Potentiating action of Datura metel Linn. Root extract on rat intestinal cholinesterase
Authors: Prabhakar E. , Kumar N. V. Nanda 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDatura metel Linn. leaf extract which is known to contain scopolamine, a tropane alkaloid, was found to inhibit rat intestinal cholinesterase in vitro. The inhibition could not be reversed with higher concentrations of cholinesterase substrate. Whereas Dutura metel root extract was found to activate cholinesterase enzyme activity at optimal or higher substrate concentrations. With root and leaf extract together, the cholinesterase activity level at higher concentrations of substrate, was elevated compared with the inhibitory effect of Datura leaf extract alone, suggesting a potentiating action of Datura root extract on cholinesterase.