bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensuring the effectiveness of a knowledge management initiative
Authors: Bishop James , Bouchlaghem Dino , Glass Jacqueline , Matsumoto Isao 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify a set of critical success factors, which ensure the effectiveness of knowledge management initiatives, with particular focus on the effect of people‐oriented success factors.Design/methodology/approachA comprehensive review of knowledge management literature, substantiated by ten qualitative interviews with leading academics and industrial representatives in the field of knowledge management in the construction industry.FindingsThe research suggests that organisations need to consider several key areas, in particular, the processes and practices undertaken to understand and define knowledge management, the implementation of dedicated champions, the integration of the initiative into the business, and effective communication of its benefits to members of staff. Each of these factors will have a direct bearing on the level of effectiveness reached by an organisation's knowledge management initiative.Research limitations/implicationsThe industry‐based interviewees were all strategic‐level managers. This means that, in relation to the application of knowledge management initiatives, they adopt primarily managerial roles. Further interviews with the practitioners of these initiatives would be beneficial in reflecting the more “hands‐on” perspective of knowledge management implementation.Originality/valueA holistic overview of the best‐practice for maximising the effectiveness of a knowledge management initiative by addressing the issues, which concern the people involved with its implementation.
Beyond the knowledge sharing dilemma: the role of customisation
Authors: Matsuo Makoto , Easterby‐Smith Mark 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how business professionals learn both through sharing knowledge with others, and from their own direct experience.Design/methodology/approachThere are two contrasting approaches to knowledge management. One suggests that knowledge should be disseminated efficiently through the use of information technology‐based systems, the other maintains that it is more important to encourage and share the “knowing” that arises directly from the experiences of employees. This paper examines these two approaches from interviews with consultants and project managers in six major Japanese companies.FindingsThe paper concludes that there is often a trade‐off between technology‐based systems and experience, where strong technological systems inhibit experience‐based learning, and refer to this as the “knowledge‐sharing dilemma”. But this is not always the case. The results suggest that when employees are encouraged to customize technology‐based knowledge for their own purposes this will actually enhance their capability for experiential learning.Research limitations/implicationsSince the data presented in this research are limited to the IT professionals in Japanese firms, further studies could consider the international context and other industries in order to generalize the findings.Originality/valueA major dilemma about combining experiential learning with computer‐based knowledge sharing was identified. This “knowledge sharing dilemma” implies that the more computer‐based knowledge sharing is promoted, the less that experiential learning may take place. By introducing the idea of customisation the paper extends the concept beyond a simple trade‐off in knowledge sharing.
Knowledge management solutions for the leaving expert issue
Authors: Hofer‐Alfeis Josef 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe leaving expert (LX) is often regarded only as an issue for the retention of his or her knowledge for the business or organization. The purpose of this paper is to show that a more comprehensive knowledge perspective reveals various issues and leads to different knowledge management (KM) remedies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper approaches the topic from an instruments or process aspect as well as from a case study view. One of the remedies is described in depth based on considerable application experience: the Leaving Expert Debriefing, a planning and knowledge transfer process. The general approach of prophylaxis and/or bridgeover by excellent KM is also taken into consideration with an overview on useful KM detail processes or instruments.FindingsThe Leaving Expert Debriefing process based on a comprehensive perspective of knowledge has proven to be a useful planning and knowledge transfer instrument, especially when applied early enough. On the other hand, continuously furthered good KM solutions and processes considerably reduce risks in LX issues.Practical implicationsThe paper offers many details, for the most part based on practical experience on how to successfully apply the Leaving Expert Debriefing process and what else KM can also contribute.Originality/valueThe Leaving Expert Debriefing process is described in detail showing that various knowledge transfer and development actions for the different forms of knowledge have to be defined and focused on strategically business‐critical knowledge areas. It is positioned as one of many KM remedies for the LX issue. Two quite different real‐life LX cases and KM applications for them are described: the LX as a knowledge vault versus a node in a knowledge network.
Online communities as communities of practice: a case study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Watts Stephanie 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate to which extent the concept of communities of practice (CoPs) can be applied to online communities and to explore how organizations can better utilize online social structures for their knowledge management practice.Design/methodology/approachA case study was used to examine an online community with the practice‐and‐identity framework that characterizes conventional CoPs. Qualitative data analysis was conducted primarily on 7,853 messages downloaded from the online community during a six week period.FindingsThe results showed how an online community could manifest the practice and identity characteristics of conventional CoPs as community members actively engaged in their shared practice and identity development while pursuing a joint enterprise.Research limitations/implications–The study was conducted in a single Chinese online community on traveling, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.Practical implicationsThis study suggested how organizations can nurture online CoPs. In addition, a hierarchical model was proposed to help organizations identify the appropriate online social structure for their knowledge management purposes.Originality/value–This study empirically verified that CoPs can emerge from online communities and demonstrated that the concept of CoPs can be used to guide knowledge sharing and knowledge creation in online environments.
The epistemology of knowledge and the knowledge process cycle: beyond the “objectivist” vs “interpretivist”
Authors: Williams Roy 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critique current epistemologies of knowledge and intellectual capital, and provide a way forward within an integrated framework.Design/methodology/approachThe principles of linguistic philosophy and semiotics provide the basis for a rigorous analysis of the production of signs and of knowledge. The Knowledge Process Cycle is used to explore this further, to analyse how different types of communities produce a range of different kinds of information and knowledge, and to formulate a more coherent, theoretically rigorous epistemology.FindingsThe current epistemological confusions can be resolved, by taking into account the arbitrary and conventional nature of signs, and the different epistemological requirements of the different phases of the Knowledge Cycle.Research limitations/implicationsThis research focuses on the confusions around “objectivist” and “interpretivist” epistemologies, and on how an analysis of the articulations of the various phases of the knowledge process cycle can resolve these confusions. A more detailed analysis of strategic knowledge and communities of practice will be explored in further research.Practical implicationsBoth knowledge management (KM) and intellectual capital (IC) will benefit from a resolution of the confusions surrounding the roles of “objectivist” and “interpretivist” epistemologies, and from a more nuanced understanding of the production of knowledge. Reporting on IC would benefit from finer distinctions, and from a more rigorous epistemology.Originality/valueThe paper brings together concepts and analytical tools from different disciplines (KM, IC, applied linguistics, linguistic philosophy, and semiotics) to develop a new approach to the epistemology of knowledge and intellectual capital.
Knowledge management in the Peruvian non‐profit sector
Authors: Sébastien Matzkin Daniel 
Published: August 2008

PurposeIn third world countries the subsistence of millions of persons depends on the work of organizations operating in the non‐profit sector. The purpose of this paper to explore how knowledge management awareness and practices could create more efficient organizations despite their lack of human and financial resources. This paper aims to make a contribution to the knowledge management literature in the non‐profit sector of third world countries. In particular, the main results from an explorative survey of Peruvian non‐profit organizations are analyzed and discussed.Design/methodology/approachData was generated from a questionnaire survey of 106 Peruvian organizations operating in the non‐profit sector. Part of the questionnaire was inspired from an existing knowledge management acquisition cycle for non‐profit organizations.FindingsThough only medium to low levels of knowledge management awareness were found in the Peruvian non‐profit sector, implicit knowledge management practices were observed on a large scale independently of the size and category of the non‐profit organizations. Some organizational variables and their negative effects on knowledge management practices are discussed.Practical implicationsA guideline to increase organizational efficiency based on the development of knowledge management awareness is suggested.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first to explore and present statistical‐based results on knowledge management practices in the non‐profit sector from a third world country.
Inquiry in health knowledge management
Authors: Sheffield James 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reduce ambiguity in diverse approaches to health knowledge management by surfacing key issues, perspectives and philosophical assumptions.Design/methodology/approachKnowledge management research in health is critically reviewed. Issues are grouped into research domains, and examined in the light of associated knowledge management perspectives, and philosophical assumptions.FindingsSystemic complexity in health knowledge management derives from tensions within and between issues in three domains: specific value‐laden aspects of clinic practice (knowledge creation); integration of workplace practice into generic process flows (knowledge normalization); and the technical integration of disparate information systems (knowledge application). These concepts are related to three knowledge management perspectives, viz., personal values, social norms and objective facts, respectively. Both domains and perspectives are anchored in philosophical assumptions about the interests served by knowledge (viz., emancipatory, practical, and technical), and in approaches to inquiry (critical pluralist, interpretivist, and positivist).Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are based on selected literature about Western health care practicesPractical implicationsThe framework assists understanding of the practical reasoning that motivates the use of technology in health knowledge management. The conceptual linkages that are developed are of value to practitioners and researchers sensitive to the intertwining of facts, norms and values.Originality/valueIn total, the concepts and relations developed in this paper constitute both a framework for inquiry in health knowledge management, and a normative theory for a critique of patient care. Recognising, and articulating, the relative importance one ascribes to facts, norms, and values is crucial in tackling the hard problems in health knowledge management.
The USA – no longer a haven for the foreign bank
Authors: Smith Iyandra 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the current dilemmas facing foreign banks and countries in the pursuit of eradicating money laundering and international financial crimes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the recently enacted Title III of the USA Patriot Act which regulates foreign banking institutions in order to curb international money laundering. The paper examines the recent decision of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals discussing foreign banks' liability when their depositors have deposited funds obtained as a result of money laundering.FindingsThe US Government can easily forfeit funds derived from or connected to a money laundering offence found in correspondent accounts of foreign banks.Practical implicationsOwing to the great risk of seizure in the US of money laundered funds, foreign banks must decide whether the difficulty of recovering any US seizure from their customers call for them to implement additional security measures or limit contact with American financial institutions. Foreign banks may be required to initiate anti‐money laundering programs which exceed what they would have been required to do according to the laws of their home country.Originality/valueThis paper is one of first to examine Title III's effect on innocent foreign banks, as it was written shortly after the interpretation of Title III and its applicability to foreign banks and it examines any defences foreign banks may have in asset forfeiture actions, and any recourse it has in recovering seized funds.
Russia's anti‐money laundering regime: law enforcement tool or instrument of domestic control?
Authors: Orlova Alexandra V. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to cut through the rhetoric that shrouds Russia's anti‐money laundering regime to uncover the reality that lies beneath.Design/methodology/approachThis paper relies on both primary and secondary sources in Russian and English that deal with the problems of money laundering in the Russian context. Relevant sections of the Russian Criminal Code as well as Russia's anti‐money laundering regulations have been consulted.FindingsOverall, the Russian anti‐money laundering regime has thus far proved ineffective in terms of meeting its stated purposes of combating organized crime and terrorism. Its limited success stems largely from structural weaknesses in the Russian banking system as well as that industry's lack of a culture of regulatory compliance. Moreover, Russian authorities have opportunistically seized on the current anti‐money laundering regime as a useful tool in the pursuit of ends unconnected to the fight against organized crime and terrorism. The Russian authorities have used the regime to attempt to reform the banking system and to extend their strategic control in the domestic political and business realms. The ineffectiveness of the anti‐money laundering regulations and their usage to achieve ulterior aims undermine the legitimacy of the regime as a whole.Originality/valueThe paper looks beyond the technical difficulties in applying the anti‐money laundering regulations and examines the misuses of the anti‐money laundering regime in the Russian context. However, the problems raised in the paper are not unique to Russia and have relevance to other jurisdictions, especially countries that are members of the Financial Action Task Force.
Comparing AML legislation of the UK, Switzerland and Germany
Authors: Fiona Preller Sabrina 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare, contrast and evaluate the anti‐money laundering (AML) legislation practised by the UK, Switzerland and Germany.Design/methodology/approachTo facilitate the evaluation process, AML legislations and regulations of all three countries are compared based on four different aspects, i.e. criminal law, the reporting stage, the collation stage and the investigation stage.FindingsAlthough specific differences and similarities between the three AML regimes are highlighted, based on the current literature, it is rather difficult to reach a valid conclusion regarding their effectiveness and efficiency.Originality/valueA wide range of literature, in the original languages, was analyzed during the compilation of this paper.
Money laundering with particular reference to the banking deposit transactions
Authors: Mohamed Sanusi Mahmood 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the theoretical framework of money laundering and expanded to study it from the Islamic perspective. As money laundering sustain truly “global issues” and thus should be treated as such. The purpose is to examine the conception of money laundering under Islamic law in conjunction with the discussion of Islamic law of contract; the most common methods in money laundering involving numerous cash deposits at various bank branches, followed by the purchase of a secured bank instrument, such as cashiers' check; how far is Islamic law able to provide rules, norms in protecting financial institutions, customers and the public from criminal activities?Design/methodology/approachThe paper depended on primary data. The data were procured from the Holy Quran, Prophetic Sunnah which embodied all tenets of Islamic law, and in addition, from the books of the Classical Muslim scholars.FindingsIt has been revealed that Islam has initially taken great interest in the market condition, business conduct and economic system. Generally speaking Islam law prohibits all business conducts which compromise unjustified consumption, misappropriation of one's wealth thus creating parasitical classes of people obtaining wealth and money being the root of all criminal activities; financial crimes and the concept of money laundering have been categorised as a division of Islamic criminal law which has been addressed via many provisions in the Quran and Prophet's Sunnah; the prophet and his successors have developed the Institution of Hisbah to control malpractices and criminal activities. Moreover, Islamic law prescribes a set of principles, rules and measures to deal with acts that are most likely to affect the economic scenario.Originality/valueThis invaluable paper identifies the attitude of the Islamic law in monitoring and preventing the concept of money laundering, further distinguishing between illicit gains (al‐Kasb al Haram) and lawful gains. Finally, this paper reviews the Islamic norms relating to confiscation and forfeiture of Ill‐gotten wealth and property.
Indonesian stakeholder viewpoints of Indonesia's anti‐money laundering legislation
Authors: Rusmin Rusmin , Brown Alistair M. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gather Indonesian stakeholders' viewpoints of issues arising from Indonesia's recent anti‐money laundering (AML) legislation.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured interviews are conducted to elicit viewpoints about issues raised by Law No. 15 of 2002 on Money Laundering Crimes (as amended by Law No. 25 of 2003).FindingsAlthough there are teething problems with the application of Indonesian AML legislation, many respondents consider the Act as essential in driving out Indonesia's money laundering. The implications for Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK) is that by encouraging more training and providing more feedback on suspicious reporting transactions, many Indonesian organizations may be encouraged to join PPATK in stamping out AML practices.Originality/valueThe report is piquant given Indonesia's recent record on corruption and cronyism, external pressure on Indonesia to stamp out money laundering practices, and the apparent success of the PPATK on securing co‐chair of the Asia‐Pacific Group in AML. By considering Indonesian stakeholder viewpoints of Indonesian legislation, authorities are better able to gauge how limited resources may be spent to fulfill the ambit of that legislation.
Can corruption and economic crime be controlled in developing economies – and if so, is the cost worth it?
Authors: Salifu Adam 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the question of whether corruption and economic crime can be controlled in developing economies and whether the cost of doing that can be justified. It also explores the implications of corruption in the development of developing economies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews a range of published articles (1964‐2005), which offer theoretical and empirical research on corruption, economic crime and development. Themes discussed range from; the causes, implications, controls and the cost of controlling economic crime and corruption in developing economies.FindingsProvides a critical analysis of the debate on corruption and economic crime in developing economies. The paper generally concludes that no single institution can be used to control corruption and economic crime and efforts to control these phenomena need to come from multiple fronts. The best way to tackle corruption in developing countries is through sector‐by‐sector control and that efforts to eliminate corruption are unlikely to be entirely successful in developing countries, not even in the developed countries.Practical implicationsThe paper reminds developing countries to adopt measures that best suit their local circumstances in setting up anticorruption agencies/institutions while taking into consideration the borderless nature of crime – economic crime and corruption. Policy makers, especially in developing countries should re‐examine both local and international tools for combining economic crime and corruption to ensure development.Originality/valueAlthough the paper argues along similar lines with the neo‐liberal approach to combating economic crime and corruption in developing countries, a major departure of this paper is that it proposes the need for a global effort to corruption and economic crime as a result of the increasing borderless nature of crime in this present age of information communication technology.