bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of chlorpyrifos‐exposure on the expression levels of CYP genes in Daphnia magna and examination of a possibility that an up‐regulated clan 3 CYP, CYP360A8, reacts with pesticides
Authors: Ohnuki Shinpei , Tokishita Shinichi , Kojima Masaki , Fujiwara Shoko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDaphnia magna is a test organism used for ecological risk assessments of pesticides, but little is known about the expression levels of cytochrome P450s (CYP)s and their changes after pesticide exposure in the less than 24‐h‐olds used for ecotoxicity tests. In this study, D. magna juveniles were exposed to 0.2 μg/L of chlorpyrifos under the conditions for acute immobilization test as specified by the OECD test guideline for 24 h, and then the gene expression was compared between the control and chlorpyrifos‐exposure groups by RNA‐sequencing analysis, with a focus on CYP genes. Among 38 CYP genes expressed in the control group, seven were significantly up‐regulated while two were significantly down‐regulated in the chlorpyrifos‐exposure group. Although the sublethal concentration of chlorpyrifos did not change their expression levels so drastically (0.8 < fold change < 2.6), CY360A8 of D. magna (DmCYP360A8), which had been proposed to be responsible for metabolism of xenobiotics, was abundantly expressed in controls yet up‐regulated by chlorpyrifos. Therefore, homology modeling of DmCYP360A8 was performed based on the amino acid sequence, and then molecular docking simulations with the insecticides that were indicated to be metabolized by CYPs in D. magna were conducted. The results indicated that DmCYP360A8 could contribute to the metabolism of diazinon and chlorfenapyr but not chlorpyrifos. These findings suggest that chlorpyrifos is probably detoxified by other CYP(s) including up‐regulated and/or constitutively expressed one(s).
Bioconversion of pineapple wastes for production of Pleurotus pulmonarius (gray oyster mushroom) and Pleurotus ostreatus (white oyster mushroom)
Authors: Munir Norliana , Ramli Aizi Nor Mazila , Aminan Aimi Wahidah , Badrulzaman Sharifah Zafierah Syed , Patil Reshma Vasant , Zailani Siti Zulaiha , Azelee Nur Izyan Wan , Manas Nor Hasmaliana Abdul , Ismail Elmie Adha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMushroom cultivation is currently being widely ventured by farmers in Malaysia due to its high profits in a short time and low production cost. Mushrooms can be grown on various substrates such as rice husk and stalks, coconut fiber, and sawdust. This study was performed to find out the ability of using pineapple leaves waste as a substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius (gray oyster mushroom) and Pleurotus ostreatus (white oyster mushroom) and compare the results obtained with mushrooms grown using traditional substrates (sawdust). The mushroom bags were prepared using a dry and wet medium of pineapple leaves waste. The results revealed that 60% of dry and wet pineapple leaves waste produced the highest output of P. pulmonarius and P. ostreatus in comparison to other percentages. The growing of P. pulmonarius on dry pineapple leaves waste substrate revealed the maximum average weight and number of fruiting bodies while P. ostreatus showed the best growth performance in wet pineapple leaves waste substrate. The nutritional content of 60% dry and wet pineapple leaves waste for both P. pulmonarius and P. ostreatus shown superior value in percentages of moisture, protein, fat, and carbohydrate compared to control. In the meantime, the mineral analysis revealed that 60% of the dry and wet pineapple leaves waste had greater levels of Cu, P, and Pb than the control. These findings suggested that the pineapple leaves waste can become a great alternative substrate for both P. pulmonarius and P. ostreatus cultivation for better economic and environmental benefits.
Polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz alleviates LPS‐induced proliferation, differentiation inhibition and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells
Authors: Fu Mengsi , Wang Jinhui , Xu Danning , Cao Nan , Li Wanyan , Li Fada , Liu Zhiyuan , Li Yong , Zhu Chenyu , Huang Yunmao , Zhang Xumeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce systemic inflammation and affect the growth and development of poultry. As a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMK) can effectively improve the growth performance of animals and improve the immunity of animal bodies.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PAMK on LPS‐induced inflammatory response, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of chicken embryonic myogenic cells.MethodsWe used chicken embryonic myogenic cells as a model by detecting EdU/MYHC immunofluorescence, the expression of inflammation, proliferation, differentiation‐related genes and proteins and the number of apoptotic cells in the condition of adding LPS, PAMK, belnacasan (an inhibitor of Caspase1) or their combinations.ResultsThe results showed that LPS stimulation increased the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited proliferation and differentiation, and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells, and PAMK alleviated these adverse effects induced by LPS. After the addition of belnacasan (inhibitor of Caspase1), apoptosis in myogenic cells was inhibited, and therefore, the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of pro‐apoptotic genes Caspase1 and Caspase3 were increased. In addition, belnacasan inhibited the increased expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited proliferation, differentiation and excessive apoptosis in chicken embryonic myogenic cells induced by LPS.ConclusionsThis study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of action of PAMK and exogenous LPS on chicken embryonic myogenic cells and lays the foundation for the development and application of green feed additives in animal husbandry industry.
Downscaling SMAP soil moisture product in cold and arid region: Incorporating NDSI and BSI into the random forest algorithm
Authors: Gao Mingxing , Zhu Kui , Guo Yanjun , Han Xuhang , Li Dongsheng , Zhang Shujian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoil moisture (SM) is a critical element of the hydrological cycle, land surface processes, and surface energy balance. However, the low spatial resolution of commonly used SM products limits the application of SM in agriculture and eco‐hydrology in cold and arid regions. In this study, the normalized difference soil index (NDSI) and bare soil index (BSI) were added to traditional downscaling factors including land surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index, digital elevation mode, apparent thermal inertia, Albedo, and temperature vegetation dryness index, as they are more strongly correlated with surface SM in the bare soil‐vegetation alternation zone of such region. Using the random forest algorithm, a downscaling model of SM was constructed for such region. The accuracy of the downscaled SM estimates was validated by comparing them with the original SM data collected from May to September 2021, which is the non‐freezing period of the soil. The findings indicate that the newly added NDSI and BSI have good correlation with SM. Incorporating NDSI and BSI to construct the downscaled model enhances the accuracy by over 19% compared to excluding them, while also providing a more comprehensive representation of SM information. NDSI and BSI can be well applied to the downscaled research of SM in the bare soil‐vegetation alternation zone, which is of great value for the study of eco‐hydrology and agricultural drought monitoring in cold and arid regions.
Apparate und Apparaturen: Für eine soziologische Kasuistik de/stabilisierter Problemarbeiten
Authors: Scheffer Thomas 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag legt den Grundstein für eine neomaterialistische Kasuistik von Apparaten als lokal eingerichtete Unternehmen, die verschiedene Komponenten für stabilisierte Formen der Problemlösung integrieren. Anhand von drei Fallstudien (John Laws »portugiesische Schiffe«, Karin Knorr-Cetinas »Laboratorien«, Anna Tsings »Plantagen und Wälder«) wird der Begriff des Apparats von übermäßig machtkritischen Verwendungen des Begriffs (Apparat als Hegemonie des Staates oder als Wissens-/Machtkonstellation) abgegrenzt. Stattdessen wird ein Begriff von Apparat (Apparate / Apparatur) als lokal stabilisierte Problemlösung in einem durch Arbeitsteilung gekennzeichneten Gefüge vorgeschlagen. Der zweite Teil skizziert das analytische Potential dieser Unterscheidung. Sie erlaubt die Diagnose der bedingten Mobilisierung apparativer Kapazitäten angesichts existenzieller Probleme, wie etwa des Klimawandels. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Zugang von Apparaten – wie Bürokratien oder Märkten – zu den zu de/mobilisierenden Apparaten einerseits nötig wird, aber gleichzeitig begrenzt und vorläufig bleiben muss.
»Please sign here«. Formulare als Medien der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit in Uganda
Authors: Wiedmann Astrid 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungAuf der Grundlage einer mehrmonatigen Feldforschung in Uganda wird in diesem Beitrag der Prozess der Erstellung bürokratischer Dokumente in der Alltagspraxis einer lokalen NGO untersucht. Verwaltungsmaterialien dienen in diesem Kontext sowohl der Rechenschaftslegung über das Handeln der NGO als auch der Kontrolle aus der Ferne und stabilisieren die interdisziplinäre und internationale Zusammenarbeit zwischen heterogenen sozialen Welten. Anhand ethnographischen Materials werden die unterschiedlichen Funktionen der Teilnehmerliste in Workshops aufgezeigt und medientheoretisch kontextualisiert. Einerseits wird anhand von Latours Kategorie des immutable mobile gezeigt, wie die Anwesenheitslisten der Kontrolle von Distanz dienen. Andererseits wird Susan Leigh Stars Konzept der boundary objects herangezogen, um darzustellen, wie sie Kooperation ermöglichen.
Papier und Automatisierung in Speyer. Von der Tyrannei des Ortes und der Dauer der Akten
Authors: Engemann Christoph 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungAls in den sechziger Jahren die ersten Großrechner Einzug in die bürokratischen Abläufe hielten, entstanden in der BRD zwei wichtige Wissensgebiete: die Rechtsinformatik und die Verwaltungsinformatik – letztere wurde auch als Speyerer Schule (Heinrich Reinermann, Jörn von Lucke) bezeichnet. Die Systemplanung, die Rechtskybernetik und die Routine des öffentlichen Dienstes lebten bald von der Automatisierung, aber der Bürger musste immer noch persönlich beim Bürokraten erscheinen und erhielt Formulare und gestempeltes Papier. Die Liberalisierung und Vermarktlichung von immer mehr Elementen des öffentlichen Dienstes führten zur Erosion rechtlich gebundener Planungskulturen. Vorangetrieben wurden diese Prozesse auch durch die Software-Industrie, die aktiv Konzepte des New Public Management protegierte. Ein Prozess, der durch die sozialdemokratischen deutschen Regierungen der neunziger und nuller Jahre gefördert wurde. Vor diesem Hintergrund und in ambivalenter Auseinandersetzung mit Industrie und Politik identifizierte die Speyerer Schule um das Jahr 2000 das Papier als Hindernis für die Durchsetzung neuer Verwaltungsregime.
The Forcible Feeding of the English Suffragettes in Irish Prison. Avoiding Responsibility in Administrations
Authors: Mühlbradt Heidrun 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungAls die Mitglieder der militanten Frauenwahlrechtsorganisation Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) in der Haft in den Hungerstreik traten, forderten sie die britischen Gefängnisbehörden heraus, die sich zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts zunächst bemühten, eine angemessene Antwort auf diese neue Form des politischen Protests zu finden. Mit der Einführung der Zwangsernährung konnte sich die britische Gefängnisverwaltung auf die neuen Anforderungen einstellen, den Hungerstreik der Suffragetten neutralisieren und die Bedingungen für den Gefängniskampf festlegen. Da die Frage der Verantwortung der Gefängnisverwaltung bei der Einführung der Zwangsernährung noch nicht behandelt wurde, wird in diesem Artikel untersucht, wie die irische Gefängnisverwaltung bestimmte Verwaltungspraktiken anwandte, um die Verantwortung bei der Einführung der Zwangsernährung von zurechnungsfähigen Patienten im irischen Gefängnissystem zu vermeiden.
Bottom-Up Abandonment. Disability Regulation and the Scarcity of Access
Authors: Karambeigi Pujan 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die Debatten um die erste Kodifizierung von Behindertenrecht in den USA während der 1970er Jahre sowie ihre Auswirkungen auf den Americans with Disabilities Act (1990), der von vielen für die größte Bürgerrechtsreform des 20. Jahrhunderts gehalten wird. Anhand einer Reihe von Berichten des Ministeriums für Wohnungswesen und Stadtentwicklung wird beschrieben, wie der Druck politischer Verpflichtungen und gerichtlicher Regulierung einer Form der Regulierung den Weg ebnete, die weder auf einem herrschenden Standard noch auf einer regulierenden Norm, sondern auf parametrischen Gradienten beruht. Dieser Wandel in der Regulierung, der durch die Verbindung von anthropometrischer Forschung und Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen verstärkt wurde, machte den Markt zum einzigen verfügbaren Instrument für die Verwaltung von Unterschieden und schuf letztlich die Voraussetzungen für eine Bürgerrechtsreform, die die Privatisierung des öffentlichen Lebens ermöglichte.
Automorphisms in Certain Nilpotent-by-Abelian Varieties of Groups
Authors: Kofinas C. E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor positive integers n and k, with $$n \ge 4$$

n
≥
4

, let $$F_{n}$$

F
n

be the free group of rank n and let $$G_{n,k} = F_{n}/\gamma _{3}(F^{\prime }_{n})[F^{\prime \prime }_{n},~_{k}F_{n}]$$

G

n
,
k

=

F
n

/

γ
3

(

F
n
′

)

[

F
n
″

,

k

F
n

]

. We show that for sufficiently large n, the automorphism group $${\textrm{Aut}}(G_{n,k})$$

Aut
(

G

n
,
k

)

of $$G_{n,k}$$

G

n
,
k

is generated by the tame automorphisms and one more non-tame automorphism.
“You matter”: patients perceptions and disparities about cancer care and telehealth during and after COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mohanna Mohamed , Herrán María , Dominguez Barbara , Sabbagh Saad , Msheik Ali , Itani Mira , Saba Ludovic , Iska Sindu , Liang Hong , Diaz Caroline Metzel , Nahleh Zeina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Disparities in cancer care have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to establish how telehealth mitigated the effect of COVID-19 on the healthcare sector and to identify potential disparities in perception and experience with telehealth in cancer care during and after the pandemic.

Methods
We identified individuals with an established cancer diagnosis who received treatment at a comprehensive academic cancer center with a diverse patient population between 2019 and 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were asked to complete a self-administrated survey intended to collect patient-reported outcomes on socioeconomic and mental health challenges incurred during the pandemic as well as participants’ experience with telehealth. The assessment was adapted from a 21-question-based survey applied for mental health. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics and the response to the survey items. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess and analyze the contributing factors to the survey responses.

Results
A total of N = 136 participants were included in this analysis. The majority of participants (60.6%) reported increased anxiety, stress, or experience of distress as a direct result of COVID-19. However, among 54.1% of survey responders participated in a telehealth appointment and 84.4% agreed it was an easy and effective experience.

Conclusion
Elderly, male, and black participants reported the worst impact related to the pandemic. The majority of patients had a positive experience with telehealth. The results of the study suggest that telehealth services can serve as a tool for patients with cancer during and beyond active treatment to access supportive services.
Urban scale pedestrian simulation in Kobe City center
Authors: Umemoto Daigo , Kikuchi Maiko , Terui Ayako , Abe Koutarou , Shimizu Ryuushi , Hirashige Katsuki , Ito Nobuyasu , Noda Itsuki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe attempted to construct a digital twin of Kobe City center, from the aspect of pedestrian traffic simulation. Policy evaluation was conducted using traffic demand based on mobile phone population statistics provided by NTT DOCOMO, INC., CrowdWalk, an agent-based pedestrian simulator, and manually edited map obtained from Open Street Map to implement pedestrian signals. Background pedestrian population was estimated to be 6509, and 10,000 evacuees are assumed in the Shinko area. All of them are assumed to evacuate into three stations, JR Sannomiya, Hankyu Sannomiya, and Motomachi. The evacuation time was originally simulated to be 25,685 s without any aided policies. As a policy, splitting the evacuation route reduced the evacuation time into 17,780 s which is 69% of the original. In addition, removing signals reduced the time furthermore into 9550 s, 37% in total. Only removing the signal resulted 12,475 s, which is a reduction to 52% of the original.
Motivation and perception of farmers on the benefits and challenges of agroforestry in Sweden (Northern Europe)
Authors: Schaffer Christina , Elbakidze Marine , Björklund Johanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgroforestry systems provide multiple benefits for human wellbeing and biodiversity; however, their diversity and spatial distribution has sharply declined across Europe. This study focuses on agroforestry farms in Sweden. The aim of the study was to explore farmers’ motivations to start agroforestry, what benefits farmers attributed to their agroforestry farms and perceived challenges to practising agroforestry in Sweden. In total, 13 farms that practise various agroforestry forms were selected as case studies. A focus group, semi-structured interviews and field observations were used for data collection. We identified four types of agroforestry systems such as silvopasture, silvoarable, forest farming and forest gardens established on different land such as forested or agricultural land. All studied agroforestry farms were small but had complex spatial and temporal arrangements of crops, trees and animals, which were crucial to generating multiple benefits. Our results show that the multifunctionality of agroforestry systems resulted from farmers’ desire to design such systems. Farmers’ intentions to get foods and materials from their farms were always intentionally unified with multiple ecosystem services. We argue that agroforestry farmers are designers of multifunctional landscapes, as they deliberately organised their farming activities to get a bundle of ecosystem services belonging to all four categories—provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural. However, the complexity of agroforestry management, lack of technologies suitable for small-scale agroforestry farms, limited plant materials (including seedlings) and limited knowledge about how to do agroforestry challenged the scaling up of agroforestry practices.
Do Longer Exhalations Increase HRV During Slow-Paced Breathing?
Authors: Meehan Zachary M. , Shaffer Fred 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSlow-paced breathing at an individual’s resonance frequency (RF) is a common element of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback training (Laborde et al. in Psychophysiology 59:e13952, 2022). Although there is strong empirical support for teaching clients to slow their respiration rate (RR) to the adult RF range between 4.5 and 6.5 bpm (Lehrer & Gevirtz, 2014), there have been no definitive findings regarding the best inhalation-to-exhalation (IE) ratio to increase HRV when breathing within this range. Three methodological challenges have frustrated previous studies: ensuring participants breathed at the target RR, IE ratio, and the same RR during each IE ratio. The reviewed studies disagreed regarding the effect of IE ratios. Three studies found no IE ratio effect (Cappo & Holmes in J Psychosom Res 28:265-273, 1984; Edmonds et al. in Biofeedback 37:141-146, 2009; Klintworth et al. in Physiol Meas 33:1717-1731, 2012). One reported an advantage for equal inhalations and exhalations (Lin et al. in Int J Psychophysiol 91:206?211, 2014). Four studies observed an advantage for longer exhalations than inhalations (Bae et al. in Psychophysiology 58:e13905, 2021; Laborde et al. in Sustainability 13:7775, 2021; Strauss-Blasche et al. in Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 27:601?60, 2000; Van Diest et al. in Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 39:171?180, 2014). One study reported an advantage for longer inhalations than exhalations (Paprika et al. in Acta Physiol Hung 101:273?281, 2014). We conducted original (N = 26) and replication (N = 16) studies to determine whether a 1:2 IE ratio produces different HRV time-domain, frequency-domain, or nonlinear metrics than a 1:1 ratio when breathing at 6 bpm. Our original study found that IE ratio did not affect HRV time- and frequency-domain metrics. The replication study confirmed these results and found no effect on HRV nonlinear measurements.
Observations of skin color aberrations in four shark species off the coast of southern California, USA
Authors: Skelton Zachary R. , Prinzing Tanya S. , Nosal Andrew P. , Vagner Zoey , Demman Peter , Zerofski Phil J. , Wegner Nicholas C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSkin color aberrations are naturally occurring abnormal pigment patterns that are generally rare among chondrichthyans. In this study, we highlight different skin color aberrations from observations of four shark species native to southern California, USA. We report the first recorded instance of apparent leucism (regional pigmentation loss), in a California horn shark Heterodontus francisci (Girard 1855) and tope shark Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus 1758). We also report the apparent second documented occurrence of albinism in the swell shark Cephaloscyllium ventriosum (Garman 1880) from a newly hatched captive individual with parents of normal pigmentation. Lastly, we redescribe a rare secondary color morph in the leopard shark Triakis semifasciata Girard 1855 using previous literature and new sightings/images from sharks in the wild. Color aberrations may lead to different advantages (e.g., certain color morphs may offer additional camouflage) or disadvantages (e.g., reduced pigmentation may limit camouflage and protection from ultraviolet light). Documenting these rare color aberrations augments our understanding of how color patterns can vary between individuals and taxa, and ultimately how these conditions potentially impact shark biology.