bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JANICE CARSON BEATLEY (1919‐1987): TAXONOMIST AND ECOLOGIST
Authors: Stuckey Ronald L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryJanice Carson Beatley, native Ohio botanist of the United States, will be remembered for her contributions toward the understanding of the wintergreen herbaceous flora of the deciduous forest region, the primeval forests of the unglaciated plateau in southeastern Ohio, and the ecological relationships of the vascular‐plant flora of the Atomic Test Site in south‐central Nevada. Throughout her professional life, Dr. Beatley was an outspoken advocate for ecological and environmental concerns while employed in seven different academic and research institutions and through active memberships in seven societies, whose mission is to save habitats and environments of natural areas. In her last academic appointment as a professor of biological sciences at the University of Cincinnati (1973‐1987), Dr. Beatley taught courses in plant ecology and field botany and continued her research on the flora of the Nevada Test Site. In that capacity she fulfilled a long dream of returning to Ohio and teaching in the same department where Dr. E. Lucy Braun, the eminent plant ecologist, taught for 34 years and maintained her lifetime affiliation. Death came to Janice at age 68, on 14 November 1987 in Cincinnati, Ohio.As a lasting memorial in recognition of Janice C. Beatley's research in plant systematics and ecology, her brother and sister, Charles E. and Mary A. (Beatley) Jordan, presented a gift of $50,000 to the Herbarium of The Ohio State University, 16 November 1988. This donation provides for a permanent endowment from which the generated interest money will be available for field research by graduate students in the plant systematics and plant ecology programs within the Department of Botany at The Ohio State University.
A TALE OF TWO SYNTHYRIS (SCROPHULARIACEAE), THE FIRST COLLECTED, S. MISSURICA (RAF.) PENNELL AND THE TYPE SPECIES, S. RENIFORMIS (DOUGLAS) BENTH.: A CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY
Authors: Schaack Clark 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe historical circumstances that have led to the confusion of Synthyris missurica (Raf.) Pennell, reputed type of Synthyris [which is based on the first known synthyris collection (Lewis and Clark, 26 June 1806)], and Synthyris reniformis (Douglas) Benth., the first species listed by Bentham in the protologue of Synthyris, are chronicled. One hundred and forty‐four years after circumscription, the type of Synthyris, S. reniformis, is correctly identified.
CORRECT AUTHOR CITATION FOR THE TRIBAL NAME INDIGOFEREAE (FABACEAE: FABOIDEAE)
Authors: Lievens Alan W. , Urbatsch Lowell E. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySeveral recent works which include the tribe Indigofereae have used author citations which are incorrect. The correct citation, Indigofereae Benth., is given and a summary of the relevant taxonomic history of the name for this taxon is presented.
LECTOTYPIFICATIONS IN ALLIUMS. SUBG. MELANOCROMMYUM (WEBB & BERTH.) ROUY (ALLIACEAE)
Authors: Fritsch Reinhard M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLectotypes are designated for 31 species, mostly from Middle Asia, and a neotype for A. verticillatum Regel, from the materials housed at the V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute at Leningrad. Six other species can not yet be typified.
LUZULA MULTIFLORA AND ALLIED SPECIES (JUNCACEAE): A NOMENCLATURAL STUDY
Authors: Kirschner Jan 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNomenclatural problems of Luzula multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. are dealt with. The epithet was published by Ehrhart (1790) as Juncus campestris var. multiflorus, and the species rank was used by him in 1794–1795. The name is based on Linnaean material and the lectotype has been selected from the Paris collection of the Flora lapponica plants. Taxonomically, the traditional use of the name has been retained. The name Luzula pallescens Sw. is based on the same original material as L. multiflora and is shown to be illegitimate. The taxon originally called L. pallescens is described as a new species, L. pallidula. An account of older specific names in the section Luzula is given. Juncus intermedius Thuill., J. congestus Thuill., J. nemorosus Host, Luzula chabertii Rouy, etc. are typified, and L. stenophylla Steudel, L. pseudo‐sudetica V. Krecz., and other names are discussed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORMAL AND INFORMAL NOMENCLATURE AND PHYLOGENY IN HIGHER TAXA: A PEDANT'S PERSPECTIVE ON THE LYCOPSIDS
Authors: Bateman Richard M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe lycopsids exemplify the instability that characterises both formal (Linnean) and informal (colloquial) nomenclatural schemes for all supra‐ordinal plant taxa. The scheme advocated here (Division Tracheophyta, Class Lycopsida; colloquial name lycopsid) reflects two underlying general principles: 1) A wide range of formal hierarchical levels should be used to indicate putative phylogenetic relationships, and 2) colloquial names should be standardised to most accurately represent the preferred Linnean names.
BONPLAND'S MANUSCRIPT NAME FOR THE YERBA MATE AND ILEX THEEZANS C. MARTIUS EX REISSECK (AQUIFOLIACEAE).
Authors: Giberti Gustavo C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIlex theaezans Bonpl. ex Miers was invalidly published as a synonym of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae). The existing information is summarized about I. theaezans, a name related to the first botanical description of the South American tree from which the yerba mate is obtained. An earlier homonym of I. theaezans Bonpl. ex Miers, Ilex theezans C. Martius ex Reisseck, which was effectively and validly published, pertains to a species clearly different from I. paraguariensis.
Lectotypification of Phyllobolus N. E. Br. (Aizoaceae s. str.)
Authors: Gerbaulet Maike 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGerbaulet, M.: Lectotypification of Phyllobolus N. E. Br. (Aizoaceae s. str.). – Taxon 43: 75‐76. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The generic name Phyllobolus N. E. Br. was untypified since the name of the species given as type, P. pearsonii N. E. Br., was not validly published. The problem is discussed in the light of unpublished Brown manuscripts on the genus, and P. resurgens (Kensit) Schwantes, here lectotypified, is designated as type.
Some proposals on the infrageneric classification of Drosera L.
Authors: Seine Rüdiger , Barthlott Wilhelm 
Published: April 2006

SummarySeine, R. & Barthlott, W.: Some proposals on the infrageneric classification of Drosera L. – Taxon 43: 583‐589. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.An infrageneric classification of Drosera L. is proposed on the basis of morphological, anatomical, palynological and cytotaxonomical data. A new subgenus, D. subg. Regiae (monotypic, D. regia) is described. D. subg. Ptycnostigma and subg. Rorella are united with subg. Drosera. De Buhr's earlier treatment of D. subg. Ergaleium is adopted. A key to the subgenera and sections of Drosera is provided.
Renewed interest in the vascular plants of Franklin County, Ohio (U.S.A.), 1882‐1899
Authors: Lowden Richard M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLowden, R. M.: Renewed interest in the vascular plants of Franklin County, Ohio (U.S.A.), 1882‐1899. – Taxon 47: 647‐656. 1998. – ISSN 0040‐0262.During the last two decades of the 19th century a great deal of plant collecting occurred in Franklin County, led by the Columbus Horticultural Society, the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station (Columbus), and the newly formed Botany Department at the Ohio State University. A number of botanical enthusiasts and students dedicated themselves to collecting and recording plant data for a county flora, whose specimens contributed significantly to the initial formation of the herbarium at the Ohio State University. Moses Craig and Augustine D. Selby were responsible for the preparation of preliminary treatments for a vascular flora of Franklin County. 22 plants are treated as introduced in the 1880s on the grounds of the Sells Brothers Circus at Sellsville (on the west side of Columbus).
Neurolejeunea fukiensis belongs to Cheilolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae)
Authors: Zhu Rui‐Liang , So May Ling , Cao Tong , Gao Qian 
Published: April 2006

SummaryZhu, R.‐L., So, M. L., Cao, T. & Gao, Q.: Neurolejeunea fukiensis belongs to Cheilolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae). – Taxon 48: 663‐666. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Neurolejeunea fukiensis was hitherto the only species of Neurolejeunea found in China and the whole of Asia. It is here transferred to Cheilolejeunea, primarily on account of the following diagnostic features: a narrow stem (its ventral merophytes 2 cells wide), very shortly bifid to emarginate underleaves, the absence of ocelli, an elongate second tooth and obsolete first tooth of the leaf lobule, and a distal hyaline papilla. By this transfer, Neurolejeunea becomes a New World genus.
The potential of mitochondrial DNA for establishing phylogeny and stabilising generic concepts in the parmelioid lichens
Authors: Crespo Ana , Blanco Oscar , Hawksworth David L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCrespo, A., Blanco, O. & Hawksworth, D. L.: The potential of mitochondrial DNA for establishing phylogeny and stabilising generic concepts in the parmelioid lichens. ‐ Taxon 50: 807–819. 2001. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.A satisfactory resolution of the current instability of generic concepts in the parmelioid lichens, and particularly Parmelia s.l., has not so far emerged from molecular studies. The rDNA ITS sequence has proven too variable and the rDNA SSU too conserved to provide satisfactory discrimination around the family and generic levels in Parmeliaceae s.l. Studies of 31 new sequences of species belonging to 30 genera in the family (including the type species of 21) are reported here. These demonstrate that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) SSU region has the potential to play a major role in establishing the phylogeny and stabilising generic concepts in some of the world's most conspicuous lichens. Some clades identified appear to correlate with differences in cell wall carbohydrates, epicortical, conidial, and other features. The emerging groupings now need to be further tested by the inclusion of sequences from additional genera and species. Nomenclatural changes should not be made until further work has been carried out.
Removal of Anchusa macedonica from Anchusa (Boraginaceae): evidence from phenetics and karyotypic analysis
Authors: Selvi Federico , Bigazzi Massimo 
Published: April 2006

SummarySelvi, F. & Bigazzi, M.: Removal of Anchusa macedonica from Anchusa (Boraginaceae): evidence from phenetics and karyotypic analysis. – Taxon 49: 765–778. 2000. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Anchusa macedonica is a rare species endemic to the historical region of Macedonia, where, since its description by A. Degen and I. Dörfler in 1897, it has been collected from only a few localities. The phenotypic distinctiveness of this poorly‐known species was already recognized by the monographer Guşuleac, who initially placed it in the monotypic Anchusa subg. Dimoniea. In later treatments, however, this subgenus was suppressed and A. macedonica included in subg. Buglossellum along with other annual taxa. The rediscovery of this species in Greece provided suitable material for detailed micromorphological, palynological and karyological observations. These revealed the strongly modified structure of pollen and stigma, which showed a surprising affinity with Gastrocotyle hispida, a monotypic genus related to Anchusa. A phenetic analysis of Anchusa s.str. summarised the distinctiveness of A. macedonica with respect to congeneric taxa. Karyotype analysis showed a diploid complement of 2n = 18 chromosomes, a number currently known for the related genus Cynoglottis but not for species of Anchusa. The occurrence in A. macedonica of a combination of morphological and karyological traits, which are otherwise separately found in unrelated species of Anchusa s.l., highlights the need for a phylogenetic analysis at the tribal level to understand better the systematic relationships and correct taxonomic placement of this species within the tribe. The original collection by I. Dörfler no. 283 (W) is here designated as lectotype.
A taxonomic information model for botanical databases: the IOPI Model
Authors: Berendsohn Walter G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBerendsohn, W. G.: A taxonomic information model for botanical databases: the IOPI Model – Taxon 46: 283‐309. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.A comprehensive information model for the recording of taxonomic data from literature and other sources is presented, which was devised for the Global Plant Checklist database project of the International Organisation of Plant Information (IOPI). The model is based on an approach using hierarchical decomposition of data areas into atomic data elements and – in parallel – abstraction into an entity relationship model. It encompasses taxa of all ranks, nothotaxa and hybrid formulae, “unnamed taxa”, cultivars, full synonymy, misapplied names, basionyms, nomenclatural data, and differing taxonomic concepts (potential taxa) as well as alternative taxonomies to any extent desired. The model was developed together with related models using a CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tool. It can help designers of biological information systems to avoid the widely made error of over‐simplification of taxonomic data and the resulting loss in data accuracy and quality.
The grass subfamilies Anomochlooideae and Pharoideae (Poaceae)
Authors: Clark Lynn G. , Judziewicz Emmet J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryClark, L. G. & Judziewicz, E. J.: The grass subfamilies Anomochlooideae and Pharoideae (Poaceae). – Taxon 45: 641‐645. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.According to recent molecular data, the Anomochloeae, Streptochaeteae, and Phareae represent the most basal lineages within the grass family. Two subfamilies, the Anomochlooideae and the Pharoideae, are resurrected and described here to accommodate these three tribes. The name Pharoideae is validated and amended from its previous circumscription.
Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato
Authors: Redhead Scott A. , Vilgalys Rytas , Moncalvo Jean‐Marc , Johnson Jacqui , Hopple John S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRedhead, S. A., Vilgalys, R., Moncalvo, J.‐M., Johnson, J. & Hopple, J. S., Jr.: Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato. – Taxon 50: 203–241. 2001. –1SSN 0040–0262.Based upon molecular studies, the genus Coprinus Pers. is subdivided into Coprinus sensu stricto (Agaricaceae), and Coprinellus P. Karst., Coprinopsis P. Karst., and Parasola gen. nov. in the new family Psathyrellaceae. The nomenclatural history and typifications of names previously treated as synonyms of Coprinus are reviewed. It is demonstrated that taxonomic characters previously considered not to be generically significant gain importance when correlated with molecular evidence. Many new combinations are proposed. A key using anatomical features to molecularly (phylogenetically) recognised coprinoid genera is provided.
Nomenclatural notes and typification in Sesleria Scop. (Poaceae)
Authors: Foggi Bruno , Nardi Enio , Rossi Graziano 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFoggi, B., Nardi, E. & Rossi, G.: Nomenclatural notes and typification in Sesleria Scop. (Poaceae). – Taxon 50: 1101–1106. 2001. ‐ ISSN 0040–0262.After a close examination of the historical aspects of the typification of Sesleria caerulea, the correct names of the two allied species of the group are established as being S. caerulea (L.) Ard. and S. uliginosa Opiz. This permits unambiguous lectotypification of Sesleria. In addition, the types of the names S. albicans and S. uliginosa are designated.
Particle populations and number operators in quantum theory
Authors: Moyal J. E. 
Published: April 2006

The purpose of the present paper is to give a general theory of the quantum mechanical representation of particle populations.The first part of the paper, Sections 1 to 5, is devoted to a review of mathematical principles of quantum theory, with particular emphasis on the role played by probability concepts, using an approach adapted to the subsequent development of the theory of particle populations. This approach, which goes back in its essentials to von Neumann [20], leans heavily on the subsequent work of Wigner, Mackey, Jauch, Segal, Wightman and many others (see e.g., Mackey [15], Jauch [11], Streater and Wightman [26]). Sections 6 to 9 deal with the representation of finite particle populations: i.e., quantum systems where the total number of particles is an observable. In Section 10 a brief sketch is given of the generalization of the theory to infinite populations where the total number of particles is not an observable, as e.g., in the statistical theory of an infinitely extended gas (see Ruelle [22]). Finally, Section 11 treats some simple examples.
Simultaneous communication and control
Authors: Whittle P. , Rudge J. F. 
Published: April 2006

A dynamic co-operative two-person game with imperfect information is considered, in which the conflicting aspects of an optimal policy (choice of actions to minimise ‘own cost’, and choice of actions to optimise communication of information) can to a large extent be decoupled and solved separately. In deriving a strategy which is asymptotically optimal (in a sense explained) we derive formulae for the capacity of a vector Gaussian channel and the rate-distortion of a vector Gaussian source.It is shown that the optimal strategy is in general non-linear in observables, but a numerical example shows that, at least in one rather special but non-trivial case, the best linear strategy may be very nearly optimal. This conclusion is made explicit by the analysis of Section 7.
The control of a multipurpose reservoir
Authors: Haslett John 
Published: April 2006

A technique known as potential cost, used by Faddy [3] for assessing the operation of a dam is seen to be capable of extension to allow for(i) a very general cost function, as is required for a multipurpose reservoir (the norm nowadays) and(ii) the use of discounting of future costs, a very widespread accounting procedure.Numerical results are obtained for an optimal policy based on such an assessment, and demonstrate the need for an accurate specification of the costs associated with the operation of a reservoir. As a by-product a very full description of the steady-state stochastic behaviour of the dam is obtained.
A queue subject to extraneous phase changes
Authors: Neuts Marcel F. 
Published: April 2006

Many service systems exhibit variations of a random nature in the intensity of the arrival process or of the speed of service or of both. Changes in work shifts, rush hours, interruptions in the arrival process, server breakdowns, etc. all fall into this category.The present study deals with a generalization of the classical M/G/1 queue by considering an extraneous process of phases which can be in one of the states {1, …,m}. During any interval spent in phasei, the arrivals are according to a homogeneous Poisson process of rate λiand any service initiated during such an interval has a duration distributed according toHi(·). The process of phases is assumed to be an irreducible Markov chain in continuous time and is fully characterized by its initial conditions, by an irreducible stochastic matrixPand by the mean sojourn times σ1-1, …, σm-1in each phase.Independently of the queueing aspects, this arrival process is a generalization of the classical Poisson process which can be of interest in modelling simple point processes with randomly fluctuating “arrival” rate.Two approaches to the time dependent study of this queue are presented; one generalizes the imbedded semi-Markov process obtained by considering the queue immediately following departure points; the other approach exploits the relationship between this queue and branching processes. The latter is more elegant from a purely theoretical viewpoint and involves iterates of a general type of matrix function introduced by the author. By making extensive use of the Perron-Frobenius theory of positive matrices the equilibrium condition of the queue is obtained. While retaining a similar intuitive interpretation the equilibrium condition is substantially more complicated than for the M/G/1 model.The recurrence relations which yield the joint distribution of the phase state at timet, the queue length, the total number served and the virtual waiting time attare exhibited in detail. Via transform techniques a number of limiting and marginal distributions are discussed. The discussion relies heavily on the theory of Markov renewal processes.Throughout the paper and in a final section the author advocates the use of the structural properties of the queue and the resulting recurrence relations to organize the numerical analysis of complex queueing models such as the present one.More explicit results for the case of two phases are given and are compared to results obtained by Yechiali and Naor for a closely related two-phase generalization of the M/M/1 queue.
An extended Fatou equation and continuous-time gambling
Authors: Pestien Victor C. 
Published: April 2006

Let be an optional stochastic process and let be the directed set of almost-surely-finite stopping times. If lim , then
This equality is employed in studying the continuous-time gambler's problem, as formulated by Heath and Sudderth (1974). The optimal return function is shown to be upper semi-analytic and excessive whenever the utility function is Borel.
Hitting-time and occupation-time bounds implied by drift analysis with applications
Authors: Hajek Bruce 
Published: April 2006

Bounds of exponential type are derived for the first-hitting time and occupation times of a real-valued random sequence which has a uniform negative drift whenever the sequence is above a fixed level. The only other assumption on the random sequence is that the increments satisfy a uniform exponential decay condition. The bounds provide a flexible technique for proving stability of processes frequently encountered in the control of queues.Two applications are given. First, exponential-type bounds are derived for aGI/G/1 queue when the service distribution is exponential type. Secondly, geometric ergodicity is established for a certain Markov chain inwhich arises in the decentralized control of a multi-access, packet-switched broadcast channel.
Limit theorems for the simple branching process allowing immigration, II. The case of infinite offspring mean
Authors: Barbour A. D. , Pakes Anthony G. 
Published: April 2006

This paper presents some limit theorems for the simple branching process allowing immigration, {Xn}, when the offspring mean is infinite. It is shown that there exists a function U such that {e–nU/(Xn)} converges almost surely, and if s = ∑ bj, log+U(j) < ∞, where {bj} is the immigration distribution, the limit is non-defective and non-degenerate but is infinite if s = ∞.When s = ∞, limit theorems are found for {U(Xn)} which involve a slowly varying non-linear norming.
Choosing the best of the current crop
Authors: Campbell Gregory , Samuels Stephen M. 
Published: April 2006

A best choice problem is presented which is intermediate between the constraints of the ‘no-information’ problem (observe only the sequence of relative ranks) and the demands of the ‘full-information’ problem (observations from a known continuous distribution). In the intermediate problem prior information is available in the form of a ‘training sample’ of sizemand observations are the successive ranks of thencurrent items relative to their predecessors in both the current and training samples.Optimal stopping rules for this problem depend on m andnessentially only throughm + n; and, asm/(m + n) →t, their success probabilities,P*(m, n), converge rapidly to explicitly derived limitsp*(t) which are the optimal success probabilities in an infinite version of the problem. For fixedn, P*(m, n) increases withmfrom the ‘no-information’ optimal success probability to the ‘full-information’ value for sample sizen.And astincreases from 0 to 1,p*(t) increases from the ‘no-information’ limite–1≍ 0·37 to the ‘full-information’ limit ≍0·58. In particularp*(0·5) ≍ 0·50.