bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the causality between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its common comorbidities using bidirectional Mendelian randomization
Authors: Wang Zihan , Sun Yongchang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently coexists with various diseases, yet the causal relationship between COPD and these comorbidities remains ambiguous. As a result, the aim of our study is to elucidate the potential causality between COPD and its common comorbidities.

Methods
We employed the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to analyze single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data of common comorbidities with COPD from FinnGen and Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) databases. Causality was primarily assessed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis was also conducted to eliminate the interference of smoking-related phenotypes. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to ensure the reliability of our findings.

Results
Preliminary univariable MR revealed an increased risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) (IVW: OR = 1.757, 95% CI = 1.162–2.657, P = 0.008), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (IVW: OR = 1.193, 95% CI = 1.072–1.326, P < 0.001), chronic periodontitis (IVW: OR = 1.213, 95% CI = 1.038–1.417, P = 0.012), and heart failure (HF) (IVW: OR = 1.127, 95% CI = 1.043–1.218, P = 0.002). Additionally, the reverse MR analysis indicated that genetic susceptibility to HF (IVW: OR = 1.272, 95% CI = 1.084–1.493, P = 0.003), obesity (IVW: OR = 1.128, 95% CI = 1.056–1.205, P < 0.001), depression (IVW: OR = 1.491, 95% CI = 1.257–1.770, P < 0.001), and sleep apnea syndrome (IVW: OR = 1.209, 95% CI = 1.087–1.345, P < 0.001) could raise the risk of COPD. The MVMR analysis showed no causal effect of COPD on susceptibility to chronic periodontitis after adjusting for smoking.

Conclusions
Our study identified that COPD may elevate the risk of LUSC, HF, and CKD. Additionally, our analysis revealed that HF, sleep apnea symptoms, depression, and obesity might also increase the susceptibility to COPD. These findings revealed a potential causal relationship between COPD and several prevalent comorbidities, which may provide new insights for disease early prediction and prevention.
A mixed methods evaluation of family-driven care implementation in juvenile justice agencies in Georgia
Authors: Piper Kaitlin N. , Jahn Alexandra , Escoffery Cam , Woods-Jaeger Briana , Nunn Amy , Schwartz David P. , Smith-Curry Cathy , Sales Jessica 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Improving family engagement in juvenile justice (JJ) system behavioral health services is a high priority for JJ systems, reform organizations, and family advocacy groups across the United States. Family-driven care (FDC) is a family engagement framework used by youth-serving systems to elevate family voice and decision-making power at all levels of the organization. Key domains of a family-driven system of care include: 1) identifying and involving families in all processes, 2) informing families with accurate, understandable, and transparent information, 3) collaborating with families to make decisions and plan treatments, 4) responding to family diversity and inclusion, 5) partnering with families to make organizational decisions and policy changes, 6) providing opportunities for family peer support, 7) providing logistical support to help families overcome barriers to participation, and 8) addressing family health and functioning. FDC enhances family participation, empowerment, and decision-making power in youth services; ultimately, improving youth and family behavioral health outcomes, enhancing family-child connectedness, and reducing youth recidivism in the JJ setting.

Methods
We evaluated staff-perceived adoption of the eight domains of FDC across detention and community services agencies in the state of Georgia. We collected mixed methods data involving surveys and in-depth qualitative interviews with JJ system administrators, staff, and practitioners between November 2021- July 2022. In total, 140 individuals from 61 unique JJ agencies participated in surveys; and 16 JJ key informants participated in qualitative interviews.

Results
FDC domains with the highest perceived adoption across agencies included identifying and involving families, informing families, collaborative decision-making and treatment planning, and family diversity and inclusion. Other domains that had mixed or lower perceived adoption included involving families in organizational feedback and policy making, family peer support, logistical support, and family health and functioning. Adoption of FDC domains differed across staff and organizational characteristics.

Conclusions
Findings from this mixed methods assessment will inform strategic planning for the scale-up of FDC strategies across JJ agencies in the state, and serve as a template for assessing strengths and weaknesses in the application of family engagement practices in systems nationally.
Computer-delivered vs. face-to-face score comparability and test takers’ perceptions: The case of the two English speaking proficiency tests for Vietnamese EFL learners
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Ho Hoang , Nguyen Bao Trang Thi , Hoang Giang Thi Linh , Pham Nhung Thi Hong , Dang Tu Thi Cam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study explored the comparability in performance scores between the computer-delivered and face-to-face modes for the two speaking tests in the Vietnamese Standardized Test of English Proficiency (VSTEP) (the VSTEP.2 and VSTEP.3–5 Speaking tests) according to Vietnam’s Six-Level Foreign Language Proficiency Framework (VNFLPF) and test takers’ experiences. Data were collected from 75 and 82 VSTEP.2 and VSTEP.3–5 university English-majored test takers respectively in both computer-delivered and face-to-face conditions. A counterbalanced research design was adopted to minimise mode order effects. After test completion, 30 of the test takers, 15 from each proficiency test, were interviewed in the focus group format of 3–4 members per group. The results indicated mixed, selective effects of the testing mode. Overall, test scores were comparable in the VSTEP.2 Speaking test but significantly higher in favour of the face-to-face mode for the VSTEP.3–5 Speaking test. However, the statistically significant difference was observed in only one measure of the many analytical criteria (content development in the former test, and pronunciation in the latter test) with mixed mode advantages. The interview data has provided rich refreshing insights into how test takers viewed each testing mode against real-life communication. Their experiences further revealed a wide range of affective preferences involved in the inherent affordances or constraints of each testing mode and their communication and performance/outcome orientation. The findings offer important implications for extrapolation, test preparation and administration, and test taker/rater training in the particular context of the two English speaking proficiency tests in Vietnam and perhaps beyond.
Impact of landscape attributes on the noise reduction effects of heritage landscapes
Authors: Zhang Shilun , Zhang Luchen , Chen Zhonggao , Chen Lin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Heritage landscapes provide a cost-effective solution for mitigating noise and creating adaptable open spaces in urban ecological construction and planning. In this study, we examined 27 distinct landscapes in a city in northern China to assess their effectiveness in reducing traffic-related noise. The acoustic properties of the landscapes, considering various surfaces, slopes, elevations, structures, and topography, were systematically analysed and compared. The findings indicate that vertically rigid descending landscapes exhibit the highest acoustic performance, followed by vertically flexible dense landscapes without slopes. Additionally, the noise reduction effects of horizontal landscapes with rough rigid surfaces surpass those of landscapes covered by low-growing vegetation and landscapes with sparse high-growing vegetation. The insights derived from this study can enhance our understanding of heritage landscapes, provide valuable information for their protection and micro-updates, and support quantitative research in this field.
The adaptive community-response (ACR) method for collecting misinformation on social media
Authors: Kauk Julian , Kreysa Helene , Scherag André , Schweinberger Stefan R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSocial media can be a major accelerator of the spread of misinformation, thereby potentially compromising both individual well-being and social cohesion. Despite significant recent advances, the study of online misinformation is a relatively young field facing several (methodological) challenges. In this regard, the detection of online misinformation has proven difficult, as online large-scale data streams require (semi-)automated, highly specific and therefore sophisticated methods to separate posts containing misinformation from irrelevant posts. In the present paper, we introduce the adaptive community-response (ACR) method, an unsupervised technique for the large-scale collection of misinformation on Twitter (now known as ’X’). The ACR method is based on previous findings showing that Twitter users occasionally reply to misinformation with fact-checking by referring to specific fact-checking sites (crowdsourced fact-checking). In a first step, we captured such misinforming but fact-checked tweets. These tweets were used in a second step to extract specific linguistic features (keywords), enabling us to collect also those misinforming tweets that were not fact-checked at all as a third step. We initially present a mathematical framework of our method, followed by an explicit algorithmic implementation. We then evaluate ACR on the basis of a comprehensive dataset consisting of $$>25$$

>
25

million tweets, belonging to $$>300$$

>
300

misinforming stories. Our evaluation shows that ACR is a useful extension to the methods pool of the field, enabling researchers to collect online misinformation more comprehensively. Text similarity measures clearly indicated correspondence between the claims of false stories and the ACR tweets, even though ACR performance was heterogeneously distributed across the stories. A baseline comparison to the fact-checked tweets showed that the ACR method can detect story-related tweets to a comparable degree, while being sensitive to different types of tweets: Fact-checked tweets tend to be driven by high outreach (as indicated by a high number of retweets), whereas the sensitivity of the ACR method extends to tweets exhibiting lower outreach. Taken together, ACR’s capacity as a valuable methodological contribution to the field is based on (i) the adoption of prior, pioneering research in the field, (ii) a well-formalized mathematical framework and (iii) an empirical foundation via a comprehensive set of indicators.
Association between intravenous fluid administration and endothelial glycocalyx shedding in humans: a systematic review
Authors: Sukudom Sara , Smart Lisa , Macdonald Stephen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Several studies have demonstrated associations between greater rate/volume of intravenous (IV) fluid administration and poorer clinical outcomes. One postulated mechanism for harm from exogenous fluids is shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx (EG).

Methods
A systematic review using relevant search terms was performed using Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases from inception to October 2023. Included studies involved humans where the exposure was rate or volume of IV fluid administration and the outcome was EG shedding. The protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO: CRD42021275133.

Results
The search yielded 450 articles, with 20 articles encompassing 1960 participants included in the review. Eight studies were randomized controlled clinical trials. Half of studies examined patients with sepsis and critical illness; the remainder examined perioperative patients or healthy subjects. Almost all reported blood measurements of soluble EG components; one study used in vivo video-microscopy to estimate EG thickness. Four of 10 sepsis studies, and 9 of 11 non-sepsis studies, found a positive relationship between IV fluid rate/volume and measures of EG shedding.

Conclusions
A trend toward an association between IV fluid rate/volume and EG shedding was found in studies of stable patients, but was not consistently observed among studies of septic and critically ill patients.
Gastric ulcers in finishing pigs: the evaluation of selected non-dietary risk factors and impact on production performance
Authors: Cybulski Piotr , Woźniak Aleksandra , Larska Magdalena , Jabłoński Artur , Stadejek Tomasz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe complex aetiology of gastric lesions in pigs remains largely unknown and effective preventive measures and pharmaceutical treatment of the disease have not been developed yet. Regardless of the fact that the overwhelming majority of previous research works dealing with gastric ulceration in pigs focused on the role of the nutritional determinants, including chemical composition of feeds, cereal type, finely ground pelleted diets, and feed additives, conclusions presented therein remain highly ambiguous. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the disease on production performance, and investigate the influence of selected non-dietary risk factors on the prevalence of gastric alterations in finishing pigs reared under conditions of 11 modern farms located in Poland.ResultsA total number of 26,043 finishing pigs was examined. 15,228 (58.47%) had gastric ulcers. Intact stomachs were detected in 6176 animals (23.71%). Parakeratosis and erosion were observed in 2551 (9.80%) and 2088 (8.02%), respectively. Among eight continuous variables two were found to be significantly associated with prevalence of the gastric ulcer: the growing number of animals in the herd, which was negatively correlated (P = 0.002; ρ = -0.37), and the growing average entry weight of animals transported to the finisher farm (P = 0.047; ρ = 0.24), which increased the risk of gastric ulcers prevalence. Among 12 nominal variables, problems with the quality of farm management (P = 0.041), and usage of straw as a bedding material (P = 0.002) were identified as determinants significantly associated with occurrence of the analysed health problem.ConclusionsAmong 20 non-nutritional variables analysed in our study only few factors were found to be associated with the prevalence of the disease. The impact of broadly understood management issues on gastric health in finishing pigs deserves further research.
Testing the feasibility of the QuitAid smoking cessation intervention in a randomized factorial design in an independent, rural community pharmacy
Authors: Little Melissa A. , Reid Taylor , Moncrief Matthew , Cohn Wendy , Wiseman Kara P. , Wood Candace H. , You Wen , Anderson Roger T. , Krukowski Rebecca A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Adult smoking rates in the USA are highest in economically depressed rural Appalachia. Pharmacist-delivered tobacco cessation support that incorporates medication therapy management (such as the QuitAid intervention) is a promising approach to address this need.

Methods
Twenty-four adult smokers recruited between September and November 2021 through an independent pharmacy in rural Appalachia were randomized in a non-blinded 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design to (1) pharmacist delivered QuitAid intervention (yes vs. no); (2) combination nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) gum + NRT patch (vs. NRT patch); and/or (3) 8 weeks of NRT (vs. standard 4 weeks). Participants received 4 weeks of NRT patch in addition to the components to which they were assigned. Participants completed baseline and 3-month follow-up assessments. Primary outcomes were feasibility of recruitment and randomization, retention, treatment adherence, and fidelity.

Results
Participants were recruited in 7 weeks primarily through a referral process, commonly referred to as ask-advise-connect (61%). Participants were on average 52.4 years old, 29.2% were male and the majority were white (91.6%) and Non-Hispanic (91.7%). There was a high level of adherence to the interventions, with 85% of QuitAid sessions completed, 83.3% of the patch used, and 54.5% of gum used. Participants reported a high level of satisfaction with the program, and there was a high level of retention (92%).

Conclusions
This demonstration pilot randomized controlled study indicates that an ask-advise-connect model for connecting rural smokers to smoking cessation support and providing QuitAid for smoking cessation is feasible and acceptable among rural Appalachian smokers and independent pharmacists. Further investigation into the efficacy of a pharmacist-delivered approach for smoking cessation is needed.

Trial registration
The trial was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial #: NCT05649241.
Association between acute stroke and COVID-19 infection among patients with acute stroke
Authors: Yassine I. A. , Hussein M. M. , Hosny A. O. , ElSamahy M. A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS COV 2) infection is associated with multiple neurological complications. Cerebrovascular accidents are considered as one of the common neurological complications associated with corona virus (COVID-19). It may represent the first presentation of the patients of COVID-19 or may occur anytime during the course of the disease.

Results
This study included 381 patients after the diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident. The mean age of the participants was 57.1 ± 15 years. 53.5% of the participants were males and 46.5% were females. The participants had COVID-19 infection in past 3 months with mean duration was 35.5 ± 18 days. The mean NIHSS among the participants was 10.5 ± 6.2. Small artery stroke was higher among PCR negative patients and controls, while large artery stroke was higher among PCR positive patients. 26% of patients with stroke and confirmed COVID-19 infection developed stroke immediately after COVID-19 infection (within 1 week). Within 1 month from getting infection with COVID-19, 41.7% of patients developed stroke and 32.3% had developed stroke after 1 month of infection with COVID-19. Female gender, older age of the patients and presence of vascular risk factors were associated with increased severity of infection as evidenced by higher NIHSS and more ICU admission among COVID-19 positive patients.

Conclusions
COVID-19 infection has been associated with both venous and arterial stroke, especially in elderly patients. COVID-19 infection was associated with increased stroke severity as evidenced by higher NIHSS and more ICU admission. Small vessel disease was higher among COVID-19 negative patients, while large artery stroke was higher among positive COVID-19 patients.
Right-sided alien hand in acute parietal infarction: a case report
Authors: El Nahas Nevine , Maged Mohamed , Kenawy Fatma Fathalla 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Alien limb is an involuntary movement that is considered a diagnostic feature of corticobasal degeneration syndrome. Few reports describe this condition in acute stroke, and most of them result from right parietal infarction.

Case presentation
This is a case of acute stroke presenting with a right-sided alien limb that was followed by right-sided weakness and aphasia. Effective management of the stroke was achieved through intravenous thrombolysis with the resolution of most symptoms except for a right-side sensory deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed acute parietal infarction involving the left sensory cortex.

Conclusions
Although very rare, right-sided alien limb can occur due left parietal infarction.
Assessing the applicability and interobserver variability of tumor budding and poorly differentiated clusters in colorectal cancer
Authors: Reis Monise Tadin , Matsushita Marcus , Santos Wellington , de Lima Marcos Alves , Guimarães Denise Peixoto , Reis Rui Manuel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) was the third most lethal cancer in 2022 worldwide. Tumor budding (TB) and poorly differentiated clusters (PDC) are prognostic factors. However, the lack of standardization in the assessment and reporting of TB and PDC can hinder their application in the pathologist’s daily practice. This study aims to address these challenges by determining the interobserver variability and the applicability of TB and PDC in CRC. In a 93-patient series, two independent pathologists assessed both variables according to ITBCC guidelines on H&E and AE1/AE3 slides. The overall concordance rate and kappa coefficient were 89.2% and 0.81 for both variables on H&E; for IHC, the results were 69.9% and 0.55 – 88.2% and 0.81 for TB and PDC, respectively. Concluding, H&E analysis had excellent agreement results for TB and PDC, indicating their reproducibility and applicability in the pathologist's daily practice, while AE1/AE3 IHC can still be used in specific situations.
A review of building digital twins to improve energy efficiency in the building operational stage
Authors: Cespedes-Cubides Andres Sebastian , Jradi Muhyiddine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe majority of Europe’s building stock consists of facilities built before 2001, presenting a substantial opportunity for energy efficiency improvements during their operation and maintenance phase. Digitalizing these buildings with digital twin technology can significantly enhance their energy efficiency. Reviewing the applications and trends of digital twins in this context is beneficial to understand the current state of the art and the specific challenges encountered when applying this technology to older buildings. This study focuses on the application of digital twins in building operations and maintenance (O & M), emphasizing energy efficiency throughout the building lifetime. A systematic process to select 21 pertinent use-case studies was performed, complemented by an analysis of six enterprise-level digital twin solutions. This was followed by an overview of general characteristics, thematic classification, detailed individual study analyses, and a comparison of digital twin solutions with commercial tools. Five main applications of digital twins were identified and examined: component monitoring, anomaly detection, operational optimization, predictive maintenance and simulation of alternative scenarios. The paper highlights challenges like the reliance on Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the need for robust data acquisition systems. These limitations hinder the implementation of digital twins, in particular in existing buildings with no digital information available. It concludes with future research directions emphasizing the development of methods not solely reliant on BIM data, integration challenges, and potential enhancements through AI and machine learning applications.
Enhancing solar still performance with Plexiglas and jute cloth additions: experimental study
Authors: Dumka Pankaj , Mishra Dhananjay R. , Singh Bharat , Chauhan Rishika , Siddiqui Md Irfanul Haque , Natrayan L , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research work compares the performance of a conventional solar still (CSS) with a modified CSS (MSS) that uses Plexiglas and jute fabric to increase heat localization and thin-film evaporation. Two solar stills with identical 1 m2 basin areas were designed and constructed using Fiberglass reinforced plastic for experimentation. A heat transfer model based on linear regression was utilized in the theoretical analysis. Performance analysis was determined based on exergy analysis, and a cost per litre was also included in the research work. It was found that the MSS achieved a distillate output 35% higher than the CSS. Also, MSS led to a 45% reduction in the costs of distillate output of water than CSS.