bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocols for More Effective Induction of Tetraploid Rainbow Trout
Authors: Hershberger William K , Hostuttler Mark A 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Practical use of tetraploids in culture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to make triploid production fish depends on (1) the effectiveness of the induction process and (2) the ability of tetraploids to reproduce and yield viable offspring. Investigations were undertaken to develop a protocol for the induction of tetraploidy to compensate for differences in time to first cleavage (i.e., first cleavage interval [FCI]). Small aliquots of eggs (∼500) from individual females were immediately fertilized and evaluated for FCI. The remaining eggs were stored at 4°C for less than 24 h and were subjected to varying hydrostatic pressures at different initiation times and durations of treatment based on FCI. The most successful protocol involved treatment at 9,000 lb/in2(633 kg/cm2) for 8 min starting at 62–65% of the FCI for two strains, while the results for the third strain were less clear and need further investigation. Observed population-level changes FCI over one generation of culture in our facilities reinforced the desirability of using protocols that varied with FCI. With the variation noted in FCI and the lack of information on its control, we recommend that treatment initiation be based on FCI analysis of a sample of eggs from each female used for tetraploidy induction. Although more research is needed to optimize the yield from this approach to triploid production, there is the potential for the selection of the best tetraploid lines to predictably generate genetically improved triploid rainbow trout for aquaculture.
Evaluation of the Ability of Partially Autolyzed Yeast and Grobiotic-A to Improve Disease Resistance in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Sealey Wendy M , Barrows Frederic T , Johansen Katherine A , Overturf Kenneth , LaPatra Scott E , Hardy Ronald W 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
We evaluated the ability of partially autolyzed yeast and Grobiotic-A to improve immune response and disease resistance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Experimental diets were prepared by adding partially autolyzed yeast or Grobiotic-A to a practical trout diet at the manufacturer-recommended level of 2%; the control was the same diet without supplementation. Rainbow trout (initial weight = approximately 14.3 g) were cultured in 145-L fiberglass tanks (50 fish/tank; 3 tanks/diet) in a freshwater flow-through system. Fish were hand-fed the diets to apparent satiation 3 times/d, 6 d/week for 9 weeks. At 3 and 9 weeks postweighing, fish were sampled to determine respiratory burst activity, plasma protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression. At the conclusion of the feeding trial (9 weeks), fish remaining after sampling were pooled by diet; one subsample was examined for the ability to respond humorally to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), and another subsample was challenged by intraperitoneal injection with IHNV. Dietary inclusion of 2% partially autolyzed yeast or Grobiotic-A had no negative impacts on health or growth of rainbow trout. In contrast, although substantial variability was observed for immune response variables, use of 2% partially autolyzed yeast or Grobiotic-A produced striking improvements in survival of rainbow trout after experimental challenge with IHNV.
Comparison of Three Larval Fish Gears to Sample Shallow Water Sites on a Navigable River
Authors: Niles Jonathan M. , Hartman Kyle J. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Fish sampling within rivers can be challenging, particularly for early life stages. We sought to evaluate the ability of three larval sampling devices (light traps, benthic sleds, and activity traps) to sample a shallow, structurally diverse area in a navigable river. Larval fish were sampled for 8 weeks from June 17 through August 3, 2002. The results indicated that larval abundances peaked during late June. The light trap collected more larvae (9,221 individuals) than the benthic sled (396 individuals) and activity trap (65 individuals). The light trap also collected more taxonomic groups than the benthic sled and activity trap (11 groups versus 7 and 5 groups, respectively). Light-trap catch per unit effort was significantly higher than that for both benthic sleds and activity traps for the most common taxonomic groups (Cyprinidae (Notropis and Pimephales spp.), Atherinidae, and Lepomis spp.). The coefficient of variation was lower for the light trap (214%) than for the benthic sled (966%) and activity trap (279%). While light traps may be limited in determining associated larval fish densities, they can be an effective means of determining species presence or absence and their relative abundance. Of the gears evaluated, we found that light traps were the most effective in sampling larval fish in shallow, structurally diverse areas of a large navigable river.
Smallmouth Bass and Largemouth Bass Predation on Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Other Salmonids in the Lake Washington Basin
Authors: Tabor Roger A. , Footen Brian A. , Fresh Kurt L. , Celedonia Mark T. , Mejia Francine , Low David L. , Park Linda 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
We assessed the impact of predation by smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu and largemouth bass M. salmoides on juveniles of federally listed Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and other anadromous salmonid populations in the Lake Washington system. Bass were collected with boat electrofishing equipment in the south end of Lake Washington (February–June) and the Lake Washington Ship Canal (LWSC; April–July), a narrow waterway that smolts must migrate through to reach the marine environment. Genetic analysis was used to identify ingested salmonids to obtain a more precise species-specific consumption estimate. Overall, we examined the stomachs of 783 smallmouth bass and 310 largemouth bass greater than 100 mm fork length (FL). Rates of predation on salmonids in the south end of Lake Washington were generally low for both black bass species. In the LWSC, juvenile salmonids made up a substantial part of bass diets; consumption of salmonids was lower for largemouth bass than for smallmouth bass. Smallmouth bass predation on juvenile salmonids was greatest in June, when salmonids made up approximately 50% of their diet. In the LWSC, overall black bass consumption of salmonids was approximately 36,000 (bioenergetics model) to 46,000 (meal turnover consumption model) juveniles, of which about one-third was juvenile Chinook salmon, one-third was coho salmon O. kisutch, and one-third was sockeye salmon O. nerka. We estimated that about 2,460,000 juvenile Chinook salmon (hatchery and wild sources combined) were produced in the Lake Washington basin in 1999; thus, the mortality estimates in the LWSC range from 0.5% (bioenergetics) to 0.6% (meal turnover). Black bass prey mostly on subyearlings of each salmonid species. The vulnerability of subyearlings to predation can be attributed to their relatively small size; their tendency to migrate when water temperatures exceed 15°C, coinciding with greater black bass activity; and their use of nearshore areas, where overlap with black bass is greatest. We conclude that under current conditions, predation by smallmouth bass and largemouth bass has a minor impact on Chinook salmon and other salmonid populations in the Lake Washington system.
Influence of Motorboat Use on Thermal Refuges and Implications to Salmonid Physiology in the Lower Rogue River, Oregon
Authors: Reid Ian S. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Motorboats can affect the behavior, physiology, and ecology of riverine fishes in several ways. One interaction that has been inadequately examined is the influence of motorboats and their wakes on thermal refuges and fishes using them. I used maps and thermal imagery to locate refuges, and continuous temperature monitors, behavioral observations, and bioenergetics models (including Q10) to quantify effects of motorboat use on salmonids in the lower Rogue River, Oregon. Motorboat wake height was inversely related to motorboat proximity; however, there was no clear relation between wake height and the intensity of temperature increases in thermal refuges. Eight of 10 boat passes were associated with slight increases in refuge temperatures (mean = 0.1°C; SD = 0.8; N = 10), although temperature differences before, during, and after boat activity were not significant (ANOVA: F = 0.41; df = 2, 18; P = 0.66). The presence of motorboats and their wakes did not appear to provoke startle responses in juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha when boats passed 3 m or farther from fish. Bioenergetics models showed negligible increases in salmonid daily standard metabolism or the chance of mortality from temperatures associated with boat wakes. These findings, albeit limited in scope, suggest that the current level of motorboat activity and its associated wakes have minor effects on the physiology of migrating salmonids using thermal refuges in the lower Rogue River.
Use of Catenary Geometry to Estimate Hook Depth during Near-Surface Pelagic Longline Fishing: Theory versus Practice
Authors: Rice Patrick H. , Goodyear C. Phillip , Prince Eric D. , Snodgrass Derke , Serafy Joseph E. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Management and conservation of many highly migratory fish species are based on population assessments that rely heavily on catch and effort data from the pelagic longline fishing industry. In 2003, we monitored hook time at depth for shallow-set commercial longlines (i.e., four hooks between surface buoys) targeting swordfish Xiphias gladius in the Windward Passage between Haiti and Cuba. We deployed temperature–depth recorders (TDRs) on about every 13th hook and attached them to branchlines just above the hook. Most TDRs were placed on branchlines that were predicted by catenary geometry to be at the deepest hook position between floats. Additional TDRs were also placed at the shallowest predicted hook position. We monitored 10 pelagic longline sets with a length (mean ± SE) of 44.9 ± 2.0 km. Time at depth for each TDR was binned into 5-m depth intervals. The expected bimodal distributions of hook time at depth were not observed; modes were 40 m for both the shallowest and deepest predicted hook positions. The majority of the hook depth distributions for shallow and deep hook positions achieved only 43% and 31%, respectively, of the depths predicted by catenary equations (i.e., &lt;92 and &lt;127 m). Individual TDRs were poor estimators of hook time at depth for other TDRs in the same catenary hook position during the same set (significant mean depth differences = 76.2–100%) and were even worse predictors of the depths fished during other sets (significant mean depth differences = 100%). Hook depth predictions based on catenary geometry drastically overestimated actual fishing depth in this study. These results indicate that the use of catenary geometry for estimating hook depth and subsequent vertical fishing effort is inadequate and fails to capture both within- and among-set variability, potentially resulting in biased stock assessments.
Trophic state assessment based on late summer phytoplankton community structure: a case study for epilimnetic lake water
Authors: Szelag-Wasielewska Elżbieta 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Phytoplankton species composition, abundance and biomass were studied in samples taken from the epilimnion of Lake Strzeszyńskie in late August of each year from 2000-2005. The number of phytoplankton species was relatively low, with the greatest species diversity observed in the Chlorophyceae. Total phytoplankton abundance was high, with major contributions by picophytoplanktonic cyanobacteria, which formed aggregations. Total phytoplankton biomass was generally low, with the sum of the 2-5 biomass-dominant species always exceeding 50% of the total phytoplankton biomass. The taxonomic composition of the group of biomass dominants was relatively stable inter-annually. On the basis of phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration, Lake Strzeszyńskie can be classified as oligo-mesotrophic and mesotrophic, respectively. Trophic index values calculated on the basis of abundance of phytoplankton indicator taxa were higher than the values based on their biomass, and mean values indicate that the lake is mesotrophic or intermediate between mesotrophic and eutrophic.
Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part II)
Authors: Witak Małgorzata , Dunder Julita 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The diatom records of two sediment cores taken in the SW part of the Gulf of Gdańsk indicate paleoenvironmental variability in the last three stages of formation of the Baltic Sea: the Mastogloia, the Littorina and the Post-Littorina. Diatom community compositions of the cores show the influence of several factors on past environmental conditions of the study area: (1) regional salinity changes, (2) changes of the Vistula River inflow, and (3) sedimentary processes connected with the Hel Peninsula development.
Estuaries — a biological point of view
Authors: Wołowicz Maciej , Sokołowski Adam , Lasota Rafał 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Estuaries are considered adverse environments for many living organisms because of their unstable environmental conditions. Variability in salinity, temperature and oxygen concentration of the water, diverse substrata and geomorphological structures are major contributors to increased ecological stress in estuaries. These variations contribute to the characteristic estuarine spatial and temporal changes of physico-chemical properties, which operate even at small scales.
In terms of biology estuaries represent fascinating environments — transition zones between freshwater and marine biomes. Freshwater entering an estuary has a major influence on the ecology of the system, its productivity, diversity and the distribution of organisms, with a high variability of niches favouring an increase of biodiversity and biomass. Many estuarine species/organisms show broad and efficient physiological adaptations (ecotypes) in response to these environmental factors. Under locally specific conditions, even different genetic clades (groups) can be formed. Estuaries serve as vital nursery systems for many fish and unique feeding grounds for migratory birds. On the other hand, estuaries are often seriously degraded habitats, hence providing an ideal environment for combining studies on ecology, nature conservation and human impact.
Experimental segregation profiles in bubbling gas‐fluidized beds
Authors: Joseph Gustavo G. , Leboreiro José , Hrenya Christine M. , Stevens Andrea R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSpecies segregation measurements were performed in a fluidized bed composed of a binary, Geldart B mixture. Three system types were explored: size segregation, density segregation, and combined size/density segregation (with the smaller species denser and lighter). Glass and polystyrene mixtures were investigated, at various gas velocity, jetsam concentration, particle‐size ratio, particle‐density ratio, and bed‐aspect ratio combinations. Axial and radial segregation profiles were obtained from frozen bed sectioning. Low‐velocities were used in order to minimize the possibility of segregation during bed collapse. In size‐segregating systems, coarse particles act as jetsam, with a nearly constant concentration of fines in the flotsam‐rich section. For density segregation, heavier particles act as jetsam and segregation behavior is not monotonically dependent on bed composition. A slight radial segregation was observed at all gas velocities, with jetsam accumulating near the wall. In size‐and‐density‐segregating systems, denser particles (smaller and lighter) act as jetsam, with a slightly higher jetsam accumulation near the core of the bed. At higher gas velocities, however, the bottom layers become richer in jetsam in the periphery. Collectively, the data provide a robust experimental data set for evaluating the ability of existing and new models to predict species segregation. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Parameter set selection for estimation of nonlinear dynamic systems
Authors: Chu Yunfei , Hahn Juergen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new approach is introduced for parameter set selection for nonlinear systems that takes nonlinearity of the parameter‐output sensitivity, the effect that uncertainties in the nominal values of the parameters have and the effect that inputs and initial conditions have on parameter selection into account. In a first step, a collection of (sub)optimal parameter sets is determined for the nominal values of the parameters using a genetic algorithm. These parameter sets are then further analyzed for uncertainty in the parameters and changes in the initial conditions and inputs using differential analysis as well as a sampling‐based approach to determine the key factors influencing sensitivity and the likelihood of a parameter set to be the optimal set under these varying conditions. The outcome of this procedure is a collection of parameter sets, which can be used for parameter estimation and additional information about how likely it is that a set is optimal for parameter estimation. Additionally, the size of the region in parameter space in which a certain set of parameters will remain optimal is determined. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Sustained remissions and low rate of BCR‐ABL resistance mutations with imatinib treatment chronic myelogenous leukemia in patients treated in late chronic phase: A 5‐year follow up
Authors: Hess Georg , Meyer Ralf G. , Schuch Brigitte , Bechthold Katja , El‐Kholy Ilse , Huber Christoph 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe introduction of Imatinib (IM) has significantly altered the treatment for CML, although only limited follow‐up results are available. As failure of Interferon‐α had been associated with poor prognosis and results of IM‐treatment in this patient group may allow earlier estimation of long‐term benefits for early chronic phase patients. Therefore we prospectively analyzed the quality and duration of remissions and the rate of BCR‐ABL resistance mutations occurring in patients treated with IM, if they were intolerant or refractory to interferon. Fifty‐nine patients were included and median follow up is 4.75 years. Haematologic remission rate was 92% and 62% of patients achieved at least major cytogenetic remission. There were no major differences between patients failing or being refractory to IFN. Major molecular response was observed in 67% of patients evaluable. For the entire group, median PFS was 4.3 years and OS was 82% at 4.75 years. Haematologic and complete cytogenetic remissions, but not molecular responses were correlated with improved PFS and OS. In patients with progression or inadequate response, BCR‐ABL kinase domain mutations were detected in 3/28 patients. IM resulted in prolonged remission rates in a substantial proportion after IFN‐failure/intolerance, with no differences in these patient groups. Quality of hematologic and cytogenetic, but not molecular response was associated with duration of remissions and survival. A low rate of resistance‐mutations was detected, suggesting that alternative mechanism may play an important role in disease progression. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post‐transplant hepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma successfully treated with hyperCVAD regimen
Authors: Tey Siok‐Keen , Marlton Paula V. , Hawley Carmel M. , Norris Debra , Gill Devinder S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHepatosplenic T‐cell lymphoma (HSTL) is an aggressive lymphoma. In post‐transplant immunosuppressed patients, HSTL is usually rapidly fatal. We report successful treatment of post‐transplant HSTL in a 50‐year‐old renal allograft recipient by reducing immunosuppression and using intensive chemotherapy consisting of alternating cycles of HyperCVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) and MTX/HiDAC (methotrexate, Ara‐C). Remission is ongoing at 8+ years. Literature review identified another 20 cases of HSTL in solid organ transplant recipients: median survival was 4 months; no other patients survived beyond 12 months. Bone marrow involvement was universal, but changes were often subtle: 6 of 12 cases had nondiagnostic examinations earlier on. High index of suspicion may lead to more timely diagnosis of this uncommon form of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and treatment with intensive chemotherapy such as HyperCVAD may be curative. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How many populations set foot through the Patagonian door? Genetic composition of the current population of Bahía Blanca (Argentina) based on data from 19 Alu polymorphisms
Authors: Resano M. , Esteban E. , González‐Pérez E. , Vía M. , Athanasiadis G. , Avena S. , Goicoechea A. , Bartomioli M. , Fernández V. , Cabrera A. , Dejean C. , Carnese F. , Moral P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe city of Bahía Blanca occupies a strategic place in Argentina south of the Pampean region in the north‐east corner of the Patagonia. Since 1828, this city has been the historical and political border between Amerindian lands in the south, and the lands of European colonists. Nowadays, Bahía Blanca is an urban population mainly composed by descendents of immigrants from Spain and other European countries with apparently low admixture with Amerindians. In view of the unexpectedly high Amerindian admixture levels (about 46.7%) suggested by mtDNA data, and protein markers (19.5%), we analyzed a set of 19 Alu polymorphisms (18 autosomal, 1 of Chromosome Y) in a well‐documented genealogical sample from Bahía Blanca. The genotyped sample was made up of 119 unrelated healthy individuals whose birth place and grandparent origins were fully documented. According to available genealogical records, the total sample has been subdivided into two groups: Bahía Blanca Original (64 individuals with all 4 gandparents born in Argentina) and Bahía Blanca Mix (55 individuals with one to three grandparents born out of Argentina). Allele frequencies and gene diversity values in Bahía Blanca fit well into the European ranges. Population relationships have been tested for 8 Alu markers, whose variation has been described in several Amerindian and European samples. Reynolds genetic distances underline the significant genetic similarity of Bahía Blanca to Europeans (mean distance 0.044) and their differentiation from Amerindians (0.146). Interestingly enough, when the general sample is divided, Bahía Blanca Original appears slightly closer to Amerindians (0.127) in contrast to Bahía Blanca Mix (0.161). Furthermore, the genetic relationships depicted through a principal components analysis emphasize the relative similarity of Bahía Blanca Original to Amerindians. A thorough knowledge of the sample origins has allowed us to make a subtle distinction of the genetic composition of Bahía Blanca. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.