bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerobic Exercise and Snoring in Overweight Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Davis Catherine L. , Tkacz Joseph , Gregoski Mathew , Boyle Colleen A. , Lovrekovic Gordana 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine whether regular aerobic exercise improves symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing in overweight children, as has been shown in adults.Research Methods and Procedures: Healthy but overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile) 7‐ to 11‐year‐old children were recruited from public schools for a randomized controlled trial of exercise effects on diabetes risk. One hundred children (53% black, 41% male) were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 27), a low‐dose exercise group (n = 36), or a high‐dose exercise group (n = 37). Exercise groups underwent a 13 ± 1.5 week after‐school program that provided 20 or 40 minutes per day of aerobic exercise (average heart rate = 164 beats per minute). Group changes were compared on BMI z‐score and four Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire scales: Snoring, Sleepiness, Behavior, and a summary scale, Sleep‐Related Breathing Disorders. Analyses were adjusted for age.Results: Both the high‐dose and low‐dose exercise groups improved more than the control group on the Snoring scale. The high‐dose exercise group improved more than the low‐dose exercise and control groups on the summary scale. No group differences were found for changes on Sleepiness, Behavior, or BMI z‐score. At baseline, 25% screened positive for sleep‐disordered breathing; half improved to a negative screen after intervention.Discussion: Regular vigorous exercise can improve snoring, a symptom of sleep‐disordered breathing, in overweight children. Aerobic exercise programs may be valuable for prevention and treatment of sleep‐disordered breathing in overweight children.
Increased Resting Energy Expenditure after 40 Minutes of Aerobic But Not Resistance Exercise
Authors: Hunter Gary R. , Byrne Nuala M. , Gower Barbara A. , Sirikul Bovorn , Hills Andrew P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Resting energy expenditure (REE) is increased 24 hours after high‐intensity aerobic exercise lasting 60 minutes, whereas results have been inconsistent after resistance training and aerobic exercise of shorter duration. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of 40 minutes of high‐intensity aerobic vs. resistance exercise on REE 19 to 67 hours after exercise.Research Methods and Procedures: REE was compared 19, 43, and 67 hours after 40 minutes of aerobic training (AT; 80% maximum heart rate) or resistance training (RT; 10 repetitions at 80% maximum strength, two sets and eight exercises). Twenty‐three black and 22 white women were randomly assigned to AT, RT, or no training (controls). Exercisers trained 25 weeks. REE was measured after a 12‐hour fast.Results: There was a significant time × group interaction for REE when adjusted for fat‐free mass and fat mass, with post hoc tests revealing that the 50‐kcal difference between 19 and 43 hours (1310 ± 196 to 1260 ± 161 kcal) and the 34‐kcal difference between 19 and 67 hours (1310 ± 196 to 1276 ± 168 kcal) were significant for AT. No other differences were found, including RT (19 hours, 1256 ± 160; 43 hours, 1251 ± 160; 67 hours, 1268 ± 188 kcal). Urine norepinephrine increased with training only in AT. After adjusting for fat‐free mass, REE Δ between 19 and both 43 and 67 hours was significantly related to urine norepinephrine (r = 0.76, p < 0.01 and 0.68, p < 0.03, respectively).Discussion: Consistent with findings on longer duration AT, these results show that 40 minutes of AT elevates REE for 19 hours in trained black and white women. This elevation did not occur with 40 minutes of RT. Results suggest that differences are, in part, due to increased sympathetic tone.
The Association of Television and Video Viewing with Fast Food Intake by Preschool‐Age Children
Authors: Taveras Elsie M. , Sandora Thomas J. , Shih Mei‐Chiung , Ross‐Degnan Dennis , Goldmann Donald A. , Gillman Matthew W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the extent to which television (TV) and video viewing is associated with consumption of fast food by preschool‐age children.Research Methods and Procedures: In a cross‐sectional study of 240 parents of children ages 2.0 to 5.9 years, parents reported the number of hours their child watched TV/videos on an average weekday and weekend day in the past month; a daily, weighted average of TV/video viewing was then calculated. The main outcome was parents’ report of their children's fast food intake, using the question, “How many times a week does your child eat at fast food restaurants such as McDonald's, Burger King, or Kentucky Fried Chicken?” dichotomized to (never/<1 vs. ≥1 time/wk). The association of TV/video viewing with fast food intake was evaluated by multiple logistic regression before and after adjusting for several potential confounders.Results: Twenty‐two percent of parents reported that their child ate at fast food restaurants at least once per week. After adjusting for parents’ age, race/ethnicity, and household income as well as child's age and sex, for each 1‐hour increase of TV/video watched per day, the odds ratio (OR) for consuming fast food ≥1 time per week was 1.60 (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.49). After further adjustment for socio‐environmental factors that might serve as proxies for the availability of healthy food options, such as parental time constraints and the availability and high cost of fresh fruits and vegetables in their neighborhoods, the OR for consuming fast food ≥1 time per week was minimally attenuated (OR, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.31).Discussion: TV/video viewing was correlated with fast food consumption among preschool children in this study. Our findings raise the possibility that greater exposure to TV and videos may influence preschool children's consumption of unhealthful foods.
Polymorphisms in FOXO Gene Family and Association Analysis with BMI
Authors: Kim Jae‐Ryong , Jung Hong Soo , Bae Seong‐Wook , Kim Jung Hye , Park Byung Lae , Choi Yoo Hyun , Cho Hye Young , Cheong Hyun Sub , Shin Hyoung Doo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractForkhead transcription factors of the FOXO subfamily are emerging as shared components of pathways that regulate a variety of cellular functions. In an effort to identify genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes to determine associations with BMI, we sequenced all exons of the FOXO genes (FOXO1a, FOXO3a, and FOXO4) and examined their associations with BMI in a Korean population (n = 734). Sixteen polymorphisms were identified in FOXO genes: three in FOXO1a, seven in FOXO3a, and six in FOXO4. Associations of FOXO polymorphisms with BMI were analyzed using multiple regression, adjusting for age and sex as covariates. One promoter single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5′ flanking region of FOXO3a showed significant association with BMI, e.g., the lowest BMI (23.3 ± 2.69 kg/m2) was discovered in individuals who were carrying T/T, intermediate BMI (26.6 ± 3.14 kg/m2) was found in heterozygous individuals (C/T), and the highest BMI (27.2 ± 3.47 kg/m2) occurred in individuals who were homozygous for the major allele (C/C; p = 0.01).
Underreporting of BMI in Adults and Its Effect on Obesity Prevalence Estimations in the Period 1998 to 2001
Authors: Visscher Tommy L.S. , Viet A. Lucie , Kroesbergen H.T. , Seidell Jacob C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To identify the determinants of underreporting BMI and to evaluate the possibilities of using self‐reported data for valid obesity prevalence rate estimations.Research Methods and Procedures: A cross‐sectional monitoring health survey was carried out between 1998 and 2002, and a review of published studies was performed. A total of 1809 men and 1882 women ages 20 to 59 years from The Netherlands were included. Body weight and height were reported and measured. Equations were calculated to estimate individuals’ BMI from reported data. These equations and equations from published studies were applied to the present data to evaluate whether using these equations led to valid estimations of the obesity prevalence rate. Also, size of underestimation of obesity prevalence rate was compared between studies.Results: The prevalence of obesity was underestimated by 26.1% and 30.0% among men and women, respectively, when based on reported data. The most important determinant of underreporting BMI was a high BMI. When equations to calculate individuals’ BMI from reported data were used, the obesity prevalence rate was still underestimated by 12.9% and 8.1% of the “true” obesity prevalence rate among men and women, respectively. The degree of underestimating the obesity prevalence was inconsistent across studies. Applying equations from published studies to the present data led to estimations of the obesity prevalence varying from a 7% overestimation to a 74% underestimation.Discussion: Valuable efforts for monitoring and evaluating prevention and treatment studies require direct measurements of body weight and height.
Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecules, Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecules, and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Shai Iris , Pischon Tobias , Hu Frank B. , Ascherio Alberto , Rifai Nader , Rimm Eric B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: We examined the association of circulating levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecules (sICAM‐1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules (sVCAM‐1) with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and whether the adhesion molecules alone, and in combination, can serve as predictors of coronary CHD.Research Methods and Procedures: Among 18,225 men from the Health Professional Follow‐up Study who provided blood in 1994, we documented 266 incidents of non‐fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD during 6 years of follow‐up. The cases were matched 1:2 with non‐cases on age, smoking, and month of blood draw. We found both adhesion molecules directly associated with BMI, inflammatory biomarkers, and triglycerides and inversely associated with high‐density lipoprotein and alcohol intake (p < 0.05). After adjustment for C‐reactive protein, cholesterol‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein ratio, age, smoking, BMI, physical activity, alcohol intake, history of diabetes, parental history of CHD, aspirin use, antihypertensive drug use, and fasting status, the relative risk of CHD was 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14 to 2.51] for sICAM‐1 and 1.34 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.96) for sVCAM‐1, when comparing the top quintile with the lower four quintiles. Control for other inflammatory or lipid biomarkers did not appreciably attenuate the associations. When we cross‐classified participants based on their sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1 levels, only the men in the top quintile of both biomarkers [relative risk = 2.39 (95% CI, 1.45 to 3.91)] had a significantly elevated risk of CHD (P interaction = 0.01, multivariate model).Discussion: sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1 are directly associated with obesity and other CHD risk factors. The combination of high levels of both adhesion molecules might be associated with the development of CHD, independent of other CHD risk factors.
The Figure Rating Scale as an Index of Weight Status of Women on Videotape
Authors: Cardinal Tiffany M. , Kaciroti Niko , Lumeng Julie C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine whether Stunkard's Figure Rating Scale (FRS) is a valid and reliable index of weight status when an unbiased observer assigns the figure ratings of adult women viewed on videotape.Research Methods and Procedures: Seventy‐two women drawn from a community sample participated in a videotaped study in which height and weight were measured. The FRS is a rating scale displaying 9 silhouettes ranging from very thin to very obese. Women were assigned a figure rating “in‐person” by a research assistant (FRS used as a 17‐point scale) and by additional research assistants viewing women only on videotape (FRS used as both a 17‐ and 9‐point scale). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated for in‐person figure ratings, mean videotape figure ratings, and BMI.Results: BMI and in‐person figure ratings were highly correlated (r = 0.91), as were BMI and both mean 17‐point videotape figure ratings and mean 9‐point videotape figure ratings (r = 0.89 and 0.87, respectively). Inter‐rater agreement for in‐person figure ratings and mean 17‐point videotape figure ratings was 0.86, and agreement between in‐person figure ratings and mean 9‐point videotape figure ratings was 0.82.Discussion: The FRS can be used as an index of women's weight status by an unbiased observer, with subjects viewed in‐person or on videotape.
Evidence for Cytosolic p27(Kip1) Ubiquitylation and Degradation during Adipocyte Hyperplasia
Authors: Auld Corinth A. , Morrison Ron F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Subcellular localization has been shown to play an important role in determining activity and accumulation of p27 protein during cell cycle progression. The purpose of this study was to examine p27 localization and ubiquitylation in relation to E3 ligase expression during adipocyte hyperplasia.Research Methods and Procedures: This study used the murine 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte model to examine p27 regulation during synchronous cell cycle progression. Cell lysates were isolated over time after hormonal stimulation, fractionated to cytosolic and nuclear compartments, and immunoblotted for relative protein determinations.Results: Data presented in this study show that p27 was present in the cytosol and nucleus in density‐arrested preadipocytes and that abundance in both compartments decreased in a phase‐specific manner as preadipocytes synchronously re‐entered the cell cycle during early phases of adipocyte differentiation. Blocking CRM1‐mediated nuclear export did not prevent degradation, nor did it cause nuclear accumulation of p27, suggesting that distinct mechanisms mediating cytosolic and nuclear p27 degradation were involved. Treating preadipocytes with a potent and specific proteasome inhibitor during hormonal stimulation prevented Skp2 accumulation and p27187 phosphorylation, which are essential events for SCFSkp2 E3 ligase activity and nuclear p27 ubiquitylation during S/G2 phase progression. Proteasome blockade also resulted in the first evidence of cytosolic p27 ubiquitylation during late G1 phase as preadipocytes undergo the transition from quiescence to proliferation.Discussion: These data are consistent with the postulate that p27 is ubiquitylated and targeted for degradation by the 26S proteasome in a phase‐specific manner by distinct ubiquitin E3 ligases localized to the cytosol and nucleus during adipocyte hyperplasia.
Mitochondrial DNA Depletion in Small‐ and Large‐for‐Gestational‐Age Newborns
Authors: Gemma Carolina , Sookoian Silvia , Alvariñas Jorge , García Silvia I. , Quintana Laura , Kanevsky Diego , González Claudio D. , Pirola Carlos J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To investigate whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content may be associated with clinical features, anthropometric variables, and laboratory findings in both extremes of abnormal fetal growth: small and large size for gestational age.Research Methods and Procedures: Eighty‐eight pregnant women and their infants were included in a cross‐sectional study. According to the offspring birthweight, normalized by sex and gestational age, there were 57 newborns with appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) and 31 with abnormal weight for gestational age: 17 small for gestational age (SGA) and 14 large for gestational age (LGA). mtDNA quantification using nuclear DNA as a reference was measured by a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method.Results: The mothers’ pregestational BMI was associated with the weight of their offspring: SGA infants had lean mothers (BMI, 21.4 ± 0.7), and LGA infants had overweight mothers (BMI, 26.7 ± 1.4) in comparison with AGA infants (BMI, 23.0 ± 0.7) (p < 0.003). Newborn leptin levels were associated with birthweight after adjustment for sex and gestational age (SGA, 7.0 ± 1.1 ng/mL; AGA, 15.2 ± 1.6 ng/mL; and LGA, 25.6 ± 4.1 ng/mL) (p < 0.002). Conversely, mtDNA/nuclear DNA ratio was significantly lower in both extremes of abnormal fetal growth, SGA (18 ± 6) and LGA (9 ± 2), at birth in comparison to AGA‐weight infants (28 ± 4) (p < 0.03).Discussion: Our findings show that mtDNA content is decreased in newborns with abnormal weight in comparison with AGA infants. On the basis of a cumulative body of evidence, we speculate that mtDNA depletion is one of the putative links between abnormal fetal growth and metabolic and cardiovascular complications in later life.
The Effects of the Dietary Glycemic Load on Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors during Weight Loss
Authors: Pittas Anastassios G. , Roberts Susan B. , Das Sai Krupa , Gilhooly Cheryl H. , Saltzman Edward , Golden Julie , Stark Paul C. , Greenberg Andrew S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To compare the effects of two calorie‐restricted diets that differ in glycemic load (GL) on glucose tolerance and inflammation.Research Methods and Procedures: Thirty‐four healthy overweight adults, ages 24 to 42 years, were randomized to 30% provided calorie‐restricted diets with high (HG) or low (LG) glycemic load for 6 months. Outcomes were changes in glucose‐insulin dynamics and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels.Results: Compared with baseline, levels of fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, post‐load insulin at 30 minutes, and incremental area‐under‐the‐curve‐insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test were significantly lower in both groups at 6 months (p range, 0.01 to 0.05), but after adjustment for baseline values and weight change, there were no differences between the two groups with regard to changes over time in any parameter. The mean percentage change in insulin sensitivity by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was +26% in the HG group and +24% in the LG group (p = 0.83); first‐phase acute insulin release was −20% in the HG group and −21% in the LG group (p = 0.77). More participants on the LG diet (14 of 16 subjects) had a decline in serum CRP, compared with those on the HG diet (7 of 16 subjects) (p < 0.05).Discussion: In healthy overweight adults provided with food for 6 months, the dietary GL did not seem to influence chronic adaptations in glucose‐insulin dynamics above that associated with weight loss. This finding highlights the importance of absolute weight loss over the dietary macronutrient composition used to achieve weight loss. The finding of greater declines in CRP concentration after consumption of a low‐GL diet warrants further investigation.
Evaluation of a Multisensor Armband in Estimating Energy Expenditure in Obese Individuals
Authors: Papazoglou Dimitrios , Augello Giovanni , Tagliaferri Mariantonella , Savia Giulio , Marzullo Paolo , Maltezos Efstratios , Liuzzi Antonio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the reliability and validity of the SenseWear Pro 2 Armband (SWA; Body Media, Pittsburgh, PA) during rest and exercise compared with indirect calorimetry (IC) in obese individuals.Research Methods and Procedures: Energy expenditure was assessed during rest with the SWA and IC in 142 obese adults (37 men and 105 women, BMI = 42.3 ± 7.0) and in 25 lean and overweight adults (BMI = 25.3 ± 3.2) who were used as a comparison group. Twenty‐nine of the obese adults also participated in three separate short exercise sessions including cycle ergometry, stair stepping, and treadmill walking.Results: The repeatability of SWA estimates in obese subjects was high (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). The SWA generally underestimated the resting energy expenditure (REE) (1811 ± 346 vs. 1880 ± 382 kcal/d) and highly overestimated the energy expenditure during the exercise sessions in obese individuals. REE estimations by SWA were significantly correlated with fat‐free mass (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). Bland‐Altman plots based statistical analysis for the estimated REE, and measured IC showed a low agreement (Total Error > 20% but Systematic Error < 5%) between the two methods in obese subjects, although they showed a high correlation and a very good agreement in lean and overweight patients.Discussion: The SWA is an easy to handle, practical, new portable device for measuring energy expenditure. The accuracy of the SWA appeared to be poor in the obese subjects we examined, especially those with high REE both in rest and exercise. We believe that it is necessary to incorporate new, obesity‐specific algorithms in the relative software.
Antioxidant Supplementation Lowers Exercise‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Young Overweight Adults
Authors: Vincent Heather K. , Bourguignon Cheryl M. , Vincent Kevin R. , Weltman Arthur L. , Bryant Mary , Taylor Ann G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine whether antioxidant (AOX) supplementation attenuates post‐exercise oxidative stress and contributors to oxidative stress (inflammation, blood lipids) in overweight young adults.Research Methods and Procedures: This was a randomized, double‐blind, controlled study. Overweight (BMI, 33.2 ± 1.9 kg/m2) and comparative normal‐weight (BMI, 21.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2) adults 18 to 30 years old (total N = 48) were enrolled. Participants received either daily antioxidant (AOX) treatment (800 IU of vitamin E, 500 mg of vitamin C, 10 mg of β‐carotene) or placebo (PL) for 8 weeks for a total of four groups. All participants completed a standardized 30‐minute cycle exercise bout at baseline and 8 weeks. Exercise‐induced changes in lipid hydroperoxide (ΔPEROX), C‐reactive protein (ΔCRP), interleukin‐6 (ΔIL‐6), cholesterol subfractions, triglycerides, total AOX status (ΔTAS), and adiponectin were assessed.Results: Exercise‐induced ΔPEROX was lower in the overweight‐AOX group (0.09 nM/kg per min) compared with PL‐treated overweight and normal‐weight groups (0.98, 0.53 nM/kg per min) by 8 weeks (p < 0.05). Adiponectin was increased in both overweight and normal‐weight AOX groups (22.1% vs. 3.1%; p < 0.05) but reduced in PL groups. ΔIL‐6, Δtotal cholesterol, and Δlow‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol concentrations during exercise were lower in the AOX‐treated groups compared with PL groups (all p < 0.05). After controlling for BMI, the Δtotal cholesterol, Δlow‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, Δadiponectin, and ΔTAS explained 59.1% of the variance of the regression model of the ΔPEROX by 8 weeks (total model R2 = 0.600; p = 0.015).Discussion: AOX lowers exercise‐induced oxidative stress in overweight adults. Inflammatory and lipid markers may also be attenuated with AOX. Further studies are needed to determine whether AOX may be used in cardiovascular disease prevention in the overweight population.