bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐sustainable development
Authors: Morse Stephen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe past 15 years have witnessed the rise of post‐development theory as a means of understanding the development discourse since the 1940s. Post‐development argues that intentional development (as distinct from immanent development – what people are doing anyway) is a construct of Western hegemony. Sustainable development, they argue, is no different and indeed is perhaps worse, given that most of the global environmental degradation has been driven by consumerism and industrialization in the West. Critics of post‐development counter by stating that it only provides destruction by tearing apart what is currently practiced in ‘development’ without providing an alternative. When post‐developmentalists do offer an alternative it typically amouints to little more than a call for more grassroots involvement in development and disengagement from a Western agenda. Post‐sustainable development analysis and counter‐analysis has received remarkably little attention within the sustainable development literature, yet this paper argues that it can make a positive contributrion by calling for an analysis of discourse rather than a hiding of power differentials and an assumption that consensus must exist within a community. A case is made for a post‐sustainable development that acknowledges that diversity will exist and consensus may not be achievable, but at the same time participation can help with learning. The role of the expert within sustainable development is also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Conditioned semantic slicing for abstraction; industrial experiment
Authors: Ward Martin , Zedan Hussein , Ladkau Matthias , Natelberg Stefan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOne of the most challenging tasks a programmer can face is attempting to analyse and understand a legacy assembler system. Many features of assembler make analysis difficult, and these are the same features that make migration from assembler to a high‐level language difficult. In this paper, we discuss the application of program transformation technology to assist with analysing and understanding legacy assembler systems. We briefly introduce the fundamentals of our program transformation theory and program slicing, which generalizes to conditional semantic slicing. These transformations are applied to a large commercial assembler system to automatically generate high‐level abstract descriptions of the behaviour of each assembler module, with error handling code sliced away. The assembler system was then migrated to C. The result is a dramatic improvement in the understandability of the programs; on average a 6000‐line assembler listing is condensed down to a 132‐line high‐level language abstraction. A second case study, involving over one million lines of source code from many different assembler systems, showed equally dramatic results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptomatic dipstick haematuria
Authors: Rees Jonathan , Patel Biral , Persad Raj 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAlthough routine urinalysis for haematuria is not recommended, patients may have a dipstick test for other reasons. The authors provide guidance to help GPs in the management of these incidental findings, as, once found, dipstick haematuria is difficult to ignore. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd.
Intradetrusor botulinum toxin injections for overactive bladder
Authors: Roux J.W.T. , Shah S.S. , Khan M.S. , Sahai A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOver the past few years, the potential therapeutic benefits of botulinum toxin in the urinary tract have been exploited, although on an ‘off‐licence’ basis. The authors demonstrate a typical case of the use of botulinum toxin type A in a patient with idiopathic detrusor overactivity. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd.
Ratioed power and rate control for CDMA wireless networks
Authors: Wang Jui Teng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe propose in this paper the ratioed power and rate control (RPRC) algorithm to satisfy the requirements of both the data rate and the signal quality. During the execution of the RPRC algorithm, only the representative user in each cell adjusts its power level according to certain distributed power control algorithm, and the ratio of the power level for the non‐representative user to that for the representative user is kept constant. When the RPRC algorithm is finished, the power levels for all users remain unchanged and the transmission rate is determined by the available rate. We show that the RPRC algorithm can be used for allocating the bandwidth of each cell and achieving the required rate of each user. Furthermore, simulation results reveal that the RPRC algorithm results in larger throughput and finds a feasible power set faster than the other algorithm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective consumption of acorns by the Japanese wood mouse according to tannin content: a behavioral countermeasure against plant secondary metabolites
Authors: Takahashi Akiko , Shimada Takuya 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe examined the presence of selective consumption against tannins in acorns as a pre‐ingestive countermeasure to plant secondary metabolites by using the Japanese wood mouse (Apodemus speciosus) and acorns of Quercus serrata, which contained ca. 6.4% tannins on a dry weight basis. In addition, the presence of selective consumption against proteins was also examined. In the acorn‐feeding experiment, 18 wood mice were allocated to two groups: the experienced group (N = 9), which had previous experience in feeding on acorns, and the inexperienced group (N = 9), which had no experience. Mice of both groups were fed only acorns for 3 nights. Selectivity against tannins (an index estimated from the tannin content in control, remaining, and ingested acorns) was significantly positive in the experienced group, indicating the presence of selective consumption against tannins. In contrast, mice in the inexperienced group did not show significant selectivity against tannins. Comparing the selectivity indices directly between two groups, however, they did not differ significantly. Selective consumption against proteins rather than that for proteins also occurred in the experienced group, but it was thought to be a byproduct resulted from the selectivity against tannins. Selective consumption against tannins can mitigate the negative effects of tannins by decreasing tannin intake.
Gender related differences in patients presenting with acute heart failure. Results from EuroHeart Failure Survey II
Authors: Nieminen Markku S. , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Hochadel Matthias , Drexler Helmut , Komajda Michel , Brutsaert Dirk , Dickstein Kenneth , Ponikowski Piotr , Tavazzi Luigi , Follath Ferenc , Lopez‐Sendon Jose Luis 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAims:This analysis evaluates the gender differences in patients hospitalised for acute heart failure (AHF) in the EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS).Results:Of the 3580 patients included in EHFS II, 1384 (39%) were women, mean age 73 years. 2196 (61%) were men, mean age 68 years. Women more frequently had new‐onset AHF, hypertension and valvular disease and less frequently coronary heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy compared with men. Smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral arterial disease and renal failure were less common, but diabetes and anaemia significantly more frequent in women. Atrial fibrillation and preserved left ventricular function were more common in women. Men were more often non‐compliant with medication. After adjustment for indications and age, there were no significant gender differences in prescription of HF medication.All‐cause readmission rate during the one‐year follow‐up was lower in women. However, the proportion of HF hospitalisation and one‐year mortality after discharge (20%) were similar in both genders.Conclusion:Women frequently present with new‐onset AHF. A significant gender difference exists in aetiology, ventricular function and co‐morbidities. Women's use of HF medication has improved. These findings emphasize the importance of individualised management and need for more comprehensive recruitment of women in clinical trials.
Fluid overload in acute heart failure — Re‐distribution and other mechanisms beyond fluid accumulation
Authors: Cotter Gad , Metra Marco , Milo‐Cotter Olga , Dittrich Howard C. , Gheorghiade Mihai 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAlthough fluid overload is one of the most prominent features of acute heart failure (AHF), its mechanism remains challenging, due to the lack of consistent data from prospective studies. Traditionally, fluid overload was thought to be mainly the result of either increased intake of fluid and salt or non‐adherence with diuretic therapy. However, recent data showed little weight change before or during an AHF event suggesting that in many cases fluid overload is caused by other mechanisms such as fluid redistribution and neurohormonal or inflammatory activation. Redistribution may be the result of a combined vascular and cardiac process reducing capacitance in the venous system (and hence increasing preload) and increasing arterial stiffness and resistance (and hence afterload). When these vascular processes occur acutely and are superimposed on reduced cardiac function; fluid is redistributed to the lungs instigating pulmonary congestion. In this paper we elaborate on this possible pathophysiological mechanism and review its potential causes and amplifiers.
Worsening renal function in patients hospitalised for acute heart failure: Clinical implications and prognostic significance
Authors: Metra Marco , Nodari Savina , Parrinello Giovanni , Bordonali Tania , Bugatti Silvia , Danesi Rossella , Fontanella Benedetta , Lombardi Carlo , Milani Patrizia , Verzura Giulia , Cotter Gadi , Dittrich Howard , Massie Barry M. , Cas Livio Dei 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground:Renal function is a powerful prognostic variable in patients with heart failure (HF). Hospitalisations for acute HF (AHF) may be associated with further worsening of renal function (WRF).Methods and results:We analysed the clinical significance of WRF in 318 consecutive patients admitted at our institute for AHF. WRF was defined as the occurrence, at any time during the hospitalisation, of both a ≥25% and a ≥0.3 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine (s‐Cr) from admission (WRF‐Abs‐%).Results:Patients were followed for 480±363 days. Fifty‐three patients (17%) died and 132 (41%) were rehospitalised for HF. WRF‐Abs‐% occurred in 107 (34%) patients. At multivariable survival analysis, WRF‐Abs‐% was an independent predictor of death or HF rehospitalisation (adjusted HR, 1.47; 95%CI, 1.13–1.81; p=0.024). The independent predictors of WRF‐Abs‐%, evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, were history of chronic kidney disease (p=0.002), LV ejection fraction (p=0.012), furosemide daily dose (p=0.03) and NYHA class (p=0.05) on admission.Conclusion:WRF is a frequent finding in patients hospitalised for AHF and is associated with a poor prognosis. Severity of HF and daily furosemide dose are the most important predictors of the occurrence of WRF.
Prescribing patterns of antidepressants in Europe: Results from the Factors Influencing Depression Endpoints Research (FINDER) study
Authors: Bauer Michael , Monz Brigitta U. , Montejo Angel L. , Quail Deborah , Dantchev Nicolas , Demyttenaere Koen , Garcia-Cebrian Ana , Grassi Luigi , Perahia David G.S. , Reed Catherine , Tylee Andre 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAntidepressant prescribing patterns and factors influencing the choice of antidepressant for the treatment of depression were examined in the Factors Influencing Depression Endpoints Research (FINDER) study, a prospective, observational study in 12 European countries of 3468 adults about to start antidepressant medication for their first episode of depression or a new episode of recurrent depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were the most commonly prescribed antidepressant (63.3% patients), followed by serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs, 13.6%), but there was considerable variation across countries. Notably, tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were prescribed for 26.5% patients in Germany. The choice of the antidepressant prescribed was strongly influenced by the previous use of antidepressants, which was significantly associated with the prescription of a SSRI (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.54, 0.76), a SNRI (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.18, 1.88) or a combination of antidepressants (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.96, 3.96). Physician factors (age, gender, speciality) and patient factors (severity of depression, age, education, smoking, number of current physical conditions and functional syndromes) were associated with initial antidepressant choice in some models. In conclusion, the prescribing of antidepressants varies by country, and the type of antidepressant chosen is influenced by physician- as well as patient-related factors.
Chronic effects of a high-fat diet enriched with virgin olive oil and a low-fat diet enriched with α-linolenic acid on postprandial endothelial function in healthy men
Authors: Fuentes F. , López-Miranda J. , Pérez-Martínez P. , Jiménez Y. , Marín C. , Gómez P. , Fernández J. M. , Caballero J. , Delgado-Lista J. , Pérez-Jiménez F. 
Published: February 2008

Traditional cardiovascular risk factors are associated with endothelial dysfunction. The vascular endothelium plays a key role in local vascular tone regulation and can be modulated by dietary fat. We propose to determine the chronic effect of three diets with different fat compositions on postprandial endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers. Twenty healthy men followed three 4-week diets in a randomised cross-over design: a Western diet, rich in saturated fat (22 % SFA, 12 % MUFA and 0·4 % α-linolenic acid (ALA), all fractions are % of energy); a Mediterranean diet, rich in MUFA ( < 10 % SFA, 24 % MUFA and 0·4 % ALA); a low-fat diet enriched in ALA ( < 10 % SFA, 12 % MUFA and 2 % ALA). At the end of each dietary period all subjects underwent a postprandial study. Plasma concentrations of lipid parameters, soluble intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), nitrates and nitrites (NOx) and endothelial function studied by laser Doppler were examined at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response was greater 4 h after the ingestion of the MUFA-rich diet than after the SFA or ALA low-fat diets (P = 0·031). The 4 h postprandial plasma sVCAM-1 levels were lower after the MUFA meals than after the ALA low-fat diet (P = 0·043). The bioavailability of NOx was higher following the MUFA diet than after the SFA and ALA low-fat diets (P = 0·027). We found no differences in the other parameters measured. Chronic ingestion of a Mediterranean diet avoids the postprandial deterioration of endothelial function associated with Westernised diets in healthy individuals.
Socio-economic, behavioural and environmental factors predicted body weights and household food insecurity scores in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten
Authors: Bhargava Alok , Jolliffe Dean , Howard Larry L. 
Published: February 2008

Recent increases in obesity prevalence among children in developed countries are of policy concern. While significant positive associations between households' food insecurity status and body weights have been reported for adults, it is known from the energy physiology literature that energy requirements depend on BMR, anthropometric measures and physical activity. It is therefore important to model the bi-directional relationships between body weights and households' food insecurity scores especially for children that have evolving nutrient and energy requirements. The present paper estimated dynamic random effects models for children's body weights and BMI, and households' food insecurity scores using longitudinal data on 7635 children in the USA enrolled in 1st, 3rd and 5th grades (1999–2003) of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten. The main findings were, first, physical exercise and numbers of siblings were significantly (P < 0·05) negatively associated with body weights, while households' food insecurity score was not a significant predictor. Moreover, children's body weights were significantly lower in households with higher parental education and incomes; time spent watching television and in non-parental care were positively associated with weights. Second, models for households' food insecurity scores showed that poverty and respondents' poor emotional and physical health significantly increased food insecurity. Moreover, households with children who were taller and heavier for their ages faced significantly higher food insecurity levels. Overall, the results showed that household food insecurity was unlikely to exacerbate child obesity in the USA and it is important that children receive balanced school meals and perform higher physical activity.
Urinary isoflavonoid excretion is similar after consuming soya milk and miso soup in Japanese-American women
Authors: Maskarinec Gertraud , Watts Kirsten , Kagihara Jamie , Hebshi Sandra M. , Franke Adrian A. 
Published: February 2008

Based on the hypothesis that isoflavones are absorbed more efficiently from fermented than from non-fermented soya foods, we compared the urinary isoflavonoid excretion (UIE) after intake of miso soup or soya milk. We recruited twenty-one women with Japanese ancestry who consumed standardized soya portions containing 48 mg isoflavones. On day 1, half the women consumed soya milk, the other half started with miso soup. On day 3, the subjects ate the other soya food and on day 5, they repeated the first food. Each participant collected a spot urine sample before and an overnight urine sample after soya food intake. All urine samples were analysed for daidzein, genistein and equol using LC–MS and were expressed as nmol/mg creatinine. We applied mixed models to evaluate the difference in UIE by food while including the baseline values and covariates. Relative to baseline, both groups experienced significantly higher UIE after consuming any of the soya foods. We observed no significant difference in UIE when soya milk was compared to miso soup (P = 0·87) among all women or in the seven equol producers (P = 0·88). Repeated intake of the same food on different days showed high reproducibility within subjects. These preliminary results indicate similar UIE after consuming a fermented soya food (miso) as compared to a non-fermented soya food (soya milk). Therefore, recommendations favouring fermented soya foods are not justified as long as the intestinal microflora is capable of hydrolysing the isoflavone glucosides from non-fermented soya foods.
Temporal distribution and population structure of two congeneric species ofCucullanus(Nematoda: Cucullanidae) inOrthopristis ruberin Venezuela
Authors: Bashirullah A.K. , Diaz M.T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe qualitative and quantitative parameters of temporal distribution ofCucullanus tripapillatusandCucullanus chrysophrydesin the intestine ofOrthopristis ruberin the Caribbean Sea on the north of Margarita Island, Venezuela were analysed. A total of 540 fish were collected at random from the catch of commercial trawlers during 1982–83 and 1992–93. Both species ofCucullanuswere found throughout the year; prevalence and mean intensity ofC. tripapillatuswere higher than that ofC. chrysophrydes. A significant difference was found in infection between the two years of sampling. Female worms were more abundant than male in both years. Both species exhibited pronounced prevalence and maturity in September and March of each year, indicating seasonality. The patterns of occurrence of the two species ofCucullanusinO. ruberdid not change in the 10-year interval but the host size and number of parasites declined, which may be due to over-exploitation of definitive fish hosts.
Interrogative suggestibility, compliance and false confessions among prisoners and their relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms
Authors: Gudjonsson G. H. , Sigurdsson J. F. , Bragason O. O. , Newton A. K. , Einarsson E. 
Published: February 2008

BackgroundInterrogative suggestibility and compliance are important psychological vulnerabilities during interrogation. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of suggestibility and compliance with childhood and current symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Compliance has not been studied previously in relation to ADHD. A further aim was to investigate the relationship between ADHD and the reporting of having made a false confession to the police.MethodThe participants were 90 male prisoners, all of whom had completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility and Compliance Scales (GSS and GCS) within 10 days of admission to the prison. Childhood ADHD symptoms were screened by the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and current adult symptoms by the DSM-IV Checklist criteria for ADHD.ResultsHalf of the prisoners (50%) were found on screening to meet criteria for ADHD in childhood and, of those, over half (60%) were either fully symptomatic or in partial remission of their symptoms. ADHD symptoms were found to be significantly associated with compliance, but not with suggestibility. The relationship with compliance was stronger (effect size) in relation to current than childhood symptoms. The ADHD symptomatic groups were significantly more likely to claim that they had made a false confession to the police in the past.ConclusionsThe findings raise important questions about the potential vulnerability of adults with ADHD symptoms in terms of their ability to cope with interrogation.
An alternative technique for transfer of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk in children and adults using autogenous aortic and pulmonary arterial flaps
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal K. , Kothari Shyam S. , Patel Chetan D. , Mishra Anand K. , Jagia Priya , Subramaniam Ganapathy K. , Pradeep Kizakke K. , Govindappa Raghu M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundDirect re-implantation of an anomalous left coronary artery into the aorta is the preferred surgical option for creating a dual coronary arterial system in patients in whom the anomalous artery originated from the pulmonary trunk. This technique, however, is applicable only when the anomalous artery arises from the right posterior pulmonary sinus. We report a new technique for re-implantation using combined autogenous aortic and pulmonary arterial flaps in situations when a direct connection was not possible.Patients and methodsWe have treated 4 patients, aged 3 months, 6 months, 18 months, and 27 years respectively, who presented with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the left posterior pulmonary sinus. We used our proposed technique for transfer because lack of coronary arterial length, diminished vessel elasticity, and extensive collaterals around the pulmonary sinuses prevented direct attachment.ResultsThere was no early or late death. Postoperatively, all patients are in functional class I, with good biventricular function at a median follow-up of 74 months, with a range from 9 to 96 months. Postoperative coronary angiography in our 4th patient showed good arterial flow, without any distortion.ConclusionsThe potential benefits of this modification of the trapdoor technique are excellent operative exposure, use of autogenous and viable tissue capable of further growth, avoidance of injury to the aortic and pulmonary valvar apparatus and production of obstruction within the right ventricular outflow tract, complete elimination of use of pericardium for augmentation of the neo-aortic tube, achievement of the anastomosis with correct angling and length, and the possibility of implantation in all patients, including adults, regardless of the distance from the aorta or the coronary arterial configuration.