bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors concerned in the efficient steam sterilization of surgical dressings
Authors: Fallon R. J. 
Published: June 2007

Some of the factors affecting the efficient steam sterilization of dressings have been examined. A jacketed sterilizer will process a load more quickly than a sterilizer without a jacket. The level of fore-vacuum is critical and must reach an absolute pressure of 20 mm. Hg (29·2 in.Hg vacuum) or less. This will overcome all conditions of overpacking studied. The level of after-vacuum should be 100 mm. Hg absolute or less, preferably near 50 mm. Hg absolute.Overpacking cannot be defined in terms of weight of a fabric per unit volume of container but occurs when a load is compressed in its container.
Renal enlargement in chronic cor pulmonale
Authors: Ellis P. A. 
Published: June 2007

Examination of the post-mortem records of 1,391 unselected cases showed that the commonest condition associated with excessive diffuse enlargement of the kidneys was chronic cor pulmonale. A less striking enlargement was found in some cases of chronic rheumatic heart disease.A hypothesis is put forward in which the renal enlargement is regarded as a work hypertrophy brought about by the kidneys' efforts to compensate for a chronic respiratory acidosis.
The tongue and oesophagus in iron-deficiency anaemia and the effect of iron therapy
Authors: Baird I. McLean , Dodge O. G. , Palmer F. J. , Wawman R. J. 
Published: June 2007

Biopsies of the tongue and oesophagus were performed on 14 patients with uncomplicated iron-deficiency anaemia before and after treatment with iron. Haemoglobin and serum iron estimations were performed at the same time.Nine patients had clinical evidence of atrophic changes in the tongue before therapy was started. Evidence of regeneration appeared within one or two weeks of starting iron therapy. Two patients showed persistent atrophy. Angular stomatitis and koilonychia were longer in disappearing.Biopsies confirmed that filiform papillae and kerato-hyalin granules are frequently absent from the epithelium of the smooth tongues of iron-deficient patients. Iron therapy is followed by the re-appearance of keratohyalin granules and keratinized filiform papillae.Two patients complained of dysphagia, which disappeared after treatment. No abnormality in the oesophageal epithelium was found in any of the patients either before or after therapy. The relationship of oesophageal carcinoma to antecedent iron-deficiency epithelial changes is considered suspect.
The development of the serum protein pattern in Africans
Authors: Edozien J. C. 
Published: June 2007

The serum protein of African and European mothers, African and European umbilical cord blood, and African children up to 6½ years of age have been investigated. African umbilical cord blood contains significantly higher concentrations of γ globulin than European umbilical cord blood. Significant differences were not found in the other protein fractions. The level of γ globulin in the serum of African mothers is significantly higher than the corresponding level in European mothers. Significant differences were not observed in the other protein fractions. The changes in serum proteins in pregnancy in African women follow the pattern described in European women. Close correlation was demonstrated between the level of maternal and cord blood γ globulin. The significance of this finding has been discussed.It is concluded that hereditary factors cannot be excluded until further information on the level of γ globulin of Europeans and other races subjected to the conditions of life of the average African is available.
Four cases of human infection withAchromobacter anitratus
Authors: Ashley D. J. B. , Kwantes W. 
Published: June 2007

Four cases of human infection withAchromobacter anitratus,one of which was fatal, are described. They all occurred at one hospital within a period of two months.The bacteriology, antibiotic sensitivity, and pathogenicity of the organisms are discussed. One of the strains was found to differ from the other three.
Carcinoma of the thyroid in myxoedema
Authors: Sclare G. , Nicol A. 
Published: June 2007

Three cases of carcinoma of the thyroid have been found in a post-mortem study of 37 cases of myxoedema. Each example of invasive carcinoma was accompanied by more widespread epithelial abnormalities which, though histologically similar, were not themselves demonstrably malignant.It is probable that in myxoedema, as in chronic thyroiditis, excessive secretion of thyrotropic hormone leads to an increased susceptibility to carcinoma of the thyroid.
Autoantibodies reacting with heart muscle tissue in coronary heart disease
Authors: Strausz I. , Dóbiás Gy. 
Published: June 2007

By the use of the thrombocyte consumption test (T.C.T.) autoantibodies reacting with heart muscle tissue have been demonstrated in 63·3% of the cases of coronary heart disease accompanied by different grades of insufficiency of the blood supply to the heart muscle. These autoantibodies could be detected two to three weeks after the onset in most patients experiencing a coronary attack for the first time, and persisted for about three to eight weeks following single attacks, whereas following recurrence in patients affected for several months or years the autoantibodies appeared in the serum most frequently within one week, and when the painful attacks were repeated, the T.C.T. remained positive for months, with only short interruptions.In cases of acute myocardial infarction the finding of a positive T.C.T. and its duration did not depend on the severity of the clinical symptoms nor on the measure of the laboratory changes but positive results were obtained more frequently in patients with acute coronary insufficiency (intermediate coronary syndrome) or angina pectoris with intense pain and frequent attacks than in patients in whom the attacks were infrequent producing slight symptoms.There was no evidence that these autoantibodies had any damaging effect.
Regulation of intestinal alkaline phosphatase levels in the rat
Authors: Watson W. C. , Murray Elspeth S. , Gardner Mary D. 
Published: June 2007

Bilateral adrenalectomy produces a reduction in the alkaline phosphatase concentration in rat intestine, which is not prevented by the administration of saline, but is prevented by the administration of cortisone. The administration of A.C.T.H. to normal rats leads to a rise in intestinal alkaline phosphatase levels associated with a small increase in the weight of the adrenals, while the administration of hydrocortisone produces large increases in the enzyme, even with doses which cause significant hypoplasia of the adrenal glands.The significance of these findings in relation to mechanisms of fat absorption and the treatment of steatorrhoea is discussed.
A system of screening for the presence of a number of common drugs
Authors: Dunlop Merle , Curnow D. H. 
Published: June 2007

A method is described to provide a rapid screening technique for the presence of barbiturates, glutethimide, carbromal, meprobamate, salicylate, phenothiazine derivatives, bromide, carbon monoxide, and alcohol.Phenothiazines are detected by a spot urine test. The first four drugs are identified, within 60 minutes of blood collection, on thin-layer chromatoplates of microscope slide dimensions. The estimations of bromide, salicylate, carbon monoxide, and of alcohol levels are started in that period so the overall time for the screening is less than two hours, and the amount of blood required is only 10 ml.
A comparison of two methods for the immunoassay of intrinsic factor
Authors: Bardhan K. D. , Wangel A. G. , Callender Sheila T. 
Published: June 2007

The intrinsic factor content of 263 samples of gastric juice was determined by immunoassay using charcoal absorption and by immunoelectrophoresis on acrylamide gel. There was good correlation between the results of the two techniques and, with a few exceptions, both made it possible to predict which patients would have malabsorption of radioactive vitamin B12.Of the two methods, immunoassay using charcoal absorption generally gave the higher readings. Further study showed that this could not be attributed to the recognized difference in the principles of the two methods but that it was more likely to be due to the dissimilarity of the experimental conditions.
Significance for the diagnosis of iron overload of histochemical and chemical iron in the liver of control subjects
Authors: Weinfeld A. , Lundin P. , Lundvall O. 
Published: June 2007

Storage iron was examined in surgical liver biopsy specimens in 43 haematologically normal and otherwise healthy adult individuals. These patients had no history of unphysiological iron losses nor of unphysiological iron intake. Histochemical iron was estimated in parenchymal and Kupffer cells and graded from 0 to 4+. Stainable iron of grade 1+ or more was present in parenchymal cells in 23 of the 27 men. Six of them had a 3+ grade. In nine cases iron was also visible in Kupffer cells. Visible iron was absent in most of the menstruating women. The mean total nonhaemin iron concentration for the male group was 80·2 (19·4 to 227·0), for the postmenopausal women 50·7 (19·3 to 106·6), and for the menstruating women 23·5 (5·5 to 65·9) mg./100 g. dry weight. The mean value for the women was significantly lower than the mean value for the men. There was a significant correlation between the histochemical grades of iron and chemically determined nonhaemin iron, but the degree of overlapping was considerable.The presence of stainable iron in the parenchymal liver cells is a normal finding. The significance of the present results with reference to familial studies of haemochromatosis is discussed.
Consistency in the histological diagnosis of epithelial abnormalities of the cervix uteri
Authors: Cocker J. , Fox H. , Langley F. A. 
Published: June 2007

A group of pathologists, all working in the same laboratory and all applying the same diagnostic criteria to the diagnosis of epithelial abnormalities in the uterine cervix, have studied the consistency with which they have applied these criteria. Epithelial abnormalities were ranked, and a series of sections were diagnosed separately by each pathologist at various times over a number of years. Both consistency and trend were studied by a graphed statistical method and it was shown that not only were there serious inconsistencies in diagnosis between the various pathologists but also between the diagnoses made by individual pathologists studying the same section at various times.It is suggested that this inconsistency in the application of agreed diagnostic criteria is of importance when considering discrepancies between reported series of cervical epithelial abnormalities and that the type of study described is of value in assessing both variations in diagnostic criteria between different laboratories and the consistency of pathologists in training. Any slight change in the application of diagnostic criteria for any individual pathologist with the passage of time may also be detected by this technique.
Sensitivity of penicillinase-forming strains ofStaphylococcus aureusand of their penicillinase-negative variants to cephaloridine, cephalothin, methicillin, and benzylpenicillin
Authors: Hewitt J. H. , Parker M. T. 
Published: June 2007

Twenty-eight penicillinase-forming cultures ofStaphylococcus aureusand their penicillinase-negative variants were examined for resistance to benzylpenicillin, methicillin, cephalothin, and cephaloridine. The results supported the view that cephaloridine was more easily destroyed by staphylococcal penicillinase than was cephalothin.In our tube-dilution tests, the minimum inhibitory concentration (M.I.C.) of cephaloridine for methicillin-sensitive cultures was never as high as some of the values reported by other workers who used apparently comparable methods. This was probably due to small differences in technique. The M.I.C. is an unsatisfactory measure of the antibiotic sensitivity of an organism which produces an enzyme which destroys the antibiotic.Methicillin-resistant strains ofStaph. aureushave an intrinsic resistance of `heterogenous' type also to benzylpenicillin, cephalothin, and cephaloridine.
A comparative study of Kaposi's sarcoma and granuloma pyogenicum in Uganda
Authors: Lee F. D. 
Published: June 2007

A comparison has been made between two vasoformative lesions, Kaposi's sarcoma and granuloma pyogenicum, as they are encountered in Uganda. Both are predominantly skin lesions arising in the distal extremities, may resemble each other clinically, and are widespread in their distribution in Ugandan communities. They bear a reciprocal relationship to each other as regards age and sex incidence, Kaposi's sarcoma being mainly a disease of adult males and granuloma pyogenicum a disease of immature males and females. Histologically there are many similarities between them, the essential difference being the presence of a spindle-cell sarcomatous element in Kaposi's sarcoma. The clinical behaviour reflects this difference in that granuloma pyogenicum develops quickly and appears to be self-limiting, while Kaposi's sarcoma is slowly progressive and shows much less tendency to regress.On the basis of these findings it is concluded that, although these two lesions may be completely unrelated, it is possible that both represent a response of the vasoformative elements in the skin to a similar form of initiating stimulus and that hormonal or sex-linked genetic factors determine which lesion will develop in response to this stimulus.The presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion in the tumour cells of Kaposi's sarcoma might be of significance in the histogenesis of this tumour, and of value in its histological differentiation from granuloma pyogenicum.
Fibrin breakdown products and fibrinolysis in renal disease
Authors: Wardle E. N. , Taylor G. 
Published: June 2007

In chronic renal failure and after acute renal failure, fibrinogen levels are raised and there is diminished fibrinolysis as the result of renal damage. A similar situation is found in nephrosis, possibly due to fibrinolytic inhibitors.Increased levels of cryofibrinogen were found in one quarter of cases of acute nephritis, nephrosis, and acute and chronic renal failure. In addition, after acute renal failure low platelet counts, prolonged thrombin times, and high levels of fibrin degradation products, yet with diminished fibrinolysis, indicate that intravascular coagulation has occurred. A positive result for fibrin degradation products was found in 17 of 20 cases of acute renal failure but in none of 10 cases of chronic uraemia.Intravascular coagulation is a process in which fibrin is deposited in the glomerular filters and may account for anuria, and, in the renal vasculature, where it may cause ischaemic tubular necrosis.
Effect of fibrinogen degradation products on platelet aggregation
Authors: Wilson Patricia A. , McNicol G. P. , Douglas A. S. 
Published: June 2007

The digestion of fibrinogen with various concentrations of trypsin results in the formation of a variety of degradation products. Degradation products formed in this way have been purified by DEAE cellulose column chromatography and their effects on platelet aggregation investigated.Two methods have been used to study platelet aggregation: a turbidimetric method which assesses platelet aggregation by the ability of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to clump platelets and a method which assesses platelet adhesiveness by their ability to adhere to glass and to each other (modified Hellem technique, 1960).Three breakdown products produced by trypsin-digested fibrinogen were studied and all showed `antithrombin' activity: two inhibited platelet aggregation, but one accelerated aggregation in both systems. Another product prepared by digestion of fibrinogen with urokinase-activated plasminogen has been shown to possess the ability to enhance ADP-induced platelet aggregation.
Inherited thrombocytopenia with thrombasthenia
Authors: Sheth N. K. , Prankerd T. A. J. 
Published: June 2007

A family with congenital thrombocytopenia is described through four generations where the mode of inheritance appears to be an autosomal dominant.Spontaneous bruising of varying severity, menorrhagia, and profuse bleeding at operation necessitating transfusion were predominant in the history. Platelet function tests were performed on the various patients. Platelet aggregation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was found to be defective, though liberation of platelet factor III and platelet thromboplastic function were found to be normal when corrected for deficient numbers.
Some problems in the use of the Coulter counter for erythrocyte total counts and volume distribution
Authors: Collier H. Bruce 
Published: June 2007

Normal erythrocytes were subject to swelling and some haemolysis when suspended in a NaCl-formaldehyde-Na2EDTA diluent ofpH 4·9 for routine blood-cell counting in the Coulter counter. A phosphate-buffered saline ofpH 7·4 was substituted and has proven satisfactory for total erythrocyte counts.Polyvinyltoluene latex was unsuitable for volume calibration of the counter, because of aggregation of the particles in saline. Ragweed pollen grains gave a calibration factor that agreed well with that for fresh erythrocytes. Recent batches of Dade's Erythro-Trol (a suspension of fixed erythrocytes) were satisfactory for both total counts and volume calibration.
A studyin vitroof the sensitivity to antibiotics ofBacteroides fragilis
Authors: Ingham H. R. , Selkon J. B. , Codd A. A. , Hale J. H. 
Published: June 2007

During a two-year period of observationBacteroidesspecies were isolated from specimens of pus and vaginal swabs from 115 patients in this hospital. Thirty-five representative strains proved on examination to beBacteroides fragilis.Minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of six antibiotics for these strains were determined. All strains were resistant to streptomycin, neomycin, and polymyxin, slightly sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin, and fully sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and lincomycin. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and lincomycin were two to four times the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Tetracycline failed to exert any consistent bactericidal effect.The treatment of patients with infections caused byB. fragilisis discussed in the light of the findingsin vitro.
Carcinoma of the lung and diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Fox B. , Risdon R. A. 
Published: June 2007

The clinical and histopathological findings are presented in two cases of diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in which carcinoma of the lung developed. In one case with rheumatoid arthritis and diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis there was `malignant pulmonary adenomatosis', an association which does not appear to have been reported before. In the second case idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis was complicated by large cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung.It is suggested that in both cases the development of carcinoma of the lung was a complication of the epithelial hyperplasia and scarring that occurs in diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.It is also suggested that carcinoma found in the main bronchi in patients with diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis should not be regarded as coincidental unless careful search has excluded a carcinomatous change in the periphery of the scarred lungs.
An evaluation of the Technicon AutoAnalyzer for automating complement-fixation tests
Authors: Taylor C. E. D. , Kershaw J. W. , Heimer G. V. 
Published: June 2007

Obviously there is need for a reliable means of automating complement-fixation tests. This paper offers an account of experience with an AutoAnalyzer adapted for this purpose. Results of syphilis screening tests done by the AutoAnalyzer compared with those of tests performed manually showed satisfactory agreement, the automated method being slightly less specific in our hands. There were no false negative results with the AutoAnalyzer if both Maltaner and Reiter protein antigens were used.The current design of the AutoAnalyzer contains three major shortcomings if it is to be used for large numbers of complement-fixation tests. First and foremost is the relatively slow sampling rate compatible with adequate sample discrimination. Second is the necessity for frequently replenishing the machine with samples. Third is the need for adjusting or cleaning the flow-cell during use.
Residual formaldehyde after low-temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilization
Authors: Gibson G. L. , Johnston H. P. , Turkington V. E. 
Published: June 2007

The levels of formaldehyde remaining in various articles have been estimated immediately after a low-temperature steam and formaldehyde sterilizing process and after various periods of aeration. These levels have been compared with the levels of ethylene oxide remaining after exposure to an ethylene oxide sterilizing process.In rubber and polythene and a plastic, formaldehyde levels are low and slowly fall even further. Ethylene oxide levels are relatively much higher even after seven days' aeration.It is not considered that the residual levels of formaldehyde in rubber, polythene, and a plastic should constitute a danger. Residual levels of formaldehyde in fabrics and paper are higher but this may be of value by giving a self-disinfecting action on storage.
Aberrant glandular polypi of the uterine cervix associated with contraceptive pills: Pathology and pathogenesis
Authors: Govan A. D. T. , Black W. P. , Sharp Jessie L. 
Published: June 2007

Fifteen cases of aberrant polypoidal glandular hyperplasia of the cervix are described. The lesion was found in five pregnant patients. The remaining 10 patients had taken contraceptive pills over a considerable period of time.The lesion while histologically bizarre is benign, the changes being to a great extent cytoplasmic and not nuclear. It is suggested that it is formed by the influence of steroids on a cervix which is already pathological. It is further suggested that two changes are essential before steroids can have this effect. Polypoidal lesions must already be present and must exhibit reserve cell hyperplasia.
Activation of serum 5′ nucleotidase by magnesium ions and its diagnostic applications
Authors: Belfield A. , Goldberg D. M. 
Published: June 2007

Magnesium ions increase the hydrolysis of adenosine 5′ monophosphate (5′ AMP) by human serum atpH 7·9 but not atpH 9·3. The additional hydrolysis atpH 7·9 is predominantly due to increased activity of the specific phosphatase 5′ nucleotidase (5Nase). This increase is proportional to enzyme concentration and has been employed as a measure of 5Nase activity in a sensitive micro-estimation.The normal range for serum 5Nase activity by this technique was 0 to 20 mIU/ml. In a series of over 200 patients, raised values were found frequently in hepatobiliary disease and infrequently in bone disease. Assay of 5Nase activity gave a more reliable indication of the source of raised serum alkaline phosphatase than isoenzyme electrophoresis in agar gel. The correlation between activities of the two enzymes was low in bone disease generally, and fairly good in hepatobiliary disease. The closest correlation was found in patients with parenchymal liver disease.
The action of light on culture media
Authors: Waterworth Pamela M. 
Published: June 2007

Failure of growth of staphylococci on nutrient agar plates was shown to be due to previous exposure to sunlight in an exceptionally well lit laboratory. Such plates inhibited the growth ofStaph. aureus, Staph. albus, someProteusspecies andProvidence, but not that of various other bacteria. The affected species are found to be more susceptible to the action of hydrogen eroxide added to the medium.The effect was produced in plates of five different nutrient agars, but not in two others which contained casein.Plates awaiting inoculation should be protected from light; a white fabric blind was found not to be fully protective.