bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative ultrastructure of late rabbit‐embryo erythroid cells in liver and peripheral blood
Authors: Brunner A. , Mitsutani C. Y. , De Peres C. Araújo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA morphological study of hemoglobin biosynthesis activity in rabbit‐embryo liver and peripheral blood was comparatively developed. Orthochromatic erythroblasts and reticulocytes of the same maturing degree were analysed through thin sections, as to their organellar constitution and behaviour regarding iron incorporation. It was found that peripheral blood erythroid cells contain mainly hemosomes, organelles taken as sites of final hemoglobin molecule biosynthesis. The ratio between the mean number of hemosomes in blood erythroid cell sections and that in liver erythroid cell sections reaches a little more than 6:1. Inversely, late liver erythroid cells are predominantly constituted by mitochondria that directly or indirectly participate in hemosome formation. The ratio between the mean number of mitochondria in blood erythroid cell sections and that in liver erythroid cell sections reaches 1:11. Besides this, the iron incorporation activity is higher in peripheral blood erythroid cells than in liver erythroblasts and reticulocytes. It is apparent that erythroid cells in the liver accumulate heme, given the ratio of the means of iron incorporation activity per cell to hemosome per cell (3.67), while blood erythroid cells, with a 1.08 ratio, synthesize heme, which is immediately afterwards integrated into the globin chains. The sudden increase in the formation of hemosomes when liver orthochromatic erythroblasts and reticulocytes enter the peripheral blood, reflecting an enhancement of hemoglobin synthesis, agrees with biochemical findings of other authors.
Lack of prognostic value of the periodic acid‐schiff reaction and blast cell size in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Shaw Michael T. , Bennett Humphrey G. , Lawrence Roberta , Fischer Diana B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConflicting evidence has been published as to the prognostic significance of the periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) reaction and cell size in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Therefore, a large collaborative study was undertaken to evaluate the prognostic significance of the PAS reaction and cell size of bone marrow lymphoblasts obtained at the time of diagnosis in children with ALL. Known prognostic factors (age and white blood cell [WBC] counts) were also evaluated. Data from 80 newly diagnosed cases of ALL were analyzed. These patients were treated with similar therapy by members of the Pediatric Division of the Southwest Oncology Group. The PAS reaction was scored. Microlymphoblasts were defined as having a diameter of ≤ 12 μm; macrolymphoblasts, > 12 μm. Patients 10 years and older at the time of diagnosis had a significantly shorter duration of first remission and survival than those younger than 10 years. Those with pretreatment peripheral WBCs of ≤ 25,000/μl had significantly longer duration of first remission and survival than those with a peripheral WBC > 25,000/μl. There was no significant difference in duration of first remission or survival in patients having predominantly macrolymphoblastic or microlymphoblastic marrows. PAS reaction was of no value in predicting the duration of first remission or survival.
Production of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria‐like red blood cells by tea
Authors: Benjamin Lennette J. , Goldstein Bernard D. , Distenfeld Ariel , Troll Walter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal human red cells incubated with saline extracts of tea develop paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria‐like defects as demonstrated by positive acid and sucrose hemolysis tests. All of a variety of tea preparations tested provoked a sensitivity to complement‐dependent hemolysis and, with one exception, a moderate decrease in red cell acetylcholinesterase activity. Complement‐dependent hemolysis in tea‐incubated red cells was inhibited by antisera to C3 and to C3 activator, but not by antisera to C4. This suggests that incubation with tea may alter the red cell membrane in a way that specifically potentiates the lytic effects of the alternate pathway of complement, but not the classic pathway. Leupeptin, a protease inhibitor, also prevented complement‐dependent hemolysis of red cells incubated with tea.Although the clinical consequences of these observations are unknown, the study was initiated following a report of a young male who had developed an acute limited intravascular hemolytic episode following ingestion of large quantities of a herbal tea.
Hemolysis by complement and cold‐reacting antibodies: Time and temperature requirements
Authors: Rosse Wendell F. , Adams Judith , Logue Gerald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe time and temperature requirements of certain steps involved in hemolysis of normal human red cells by cold‐reacting antibodies and normal human serum were examined by means of techniques that measure the amount of antibody and the fourth (C4), third (C3), and fifth (C5) component of complement bound to red cell membranes. For all cold‐reacting antibodies, the greatest degree of lysis was obtained in bithermic reactions with the first phase at temperatures 15° or below, and the second phase at 37°. For anti‐I antibodies, only antibody and C1 are fixed at temperatures below 15°, and the fixation of C4 and C3 to the membrane occurs during warming. C4 but not C3 is fixed at temperatures below 15° when the reaction is initiated by the Donath‐Landsteiner antibody. During warming, antibody and C1 elute. No C4 and C3 are fixed after the temperature reaches 37° and the amount of “active” C3 diminishes rapidly with continued incubation at 37°. C5 is rapidly fixed during warming from 15° to 37° and for a short time at 37°, but the hemolytic activity of C5 is unstable. Thus these cold‐reactive antibody‐mediated complement reactions occurring on human red cells in human serum must occur during and very shortly after the warming phase. If the rate of change of temperature is prolonged during the warming phase, greater C3 fixation and hence more lysis occurs.
Characterization of tumour cells in concomitant chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute monocytic leukaemia
Authors: Adams P. B. , Ding J. C. , Cooper I. A. , Cornell F. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 68‐year‐old woman presented with haematological changes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and acute monocytic leukaemia. This diagnosis was confirmed by identification of cell surface markers for T and B lymphocytes and the identification of abnormal immunoglobulins and lysozyme in serum and urine.
Exceptionally high serum erythropoietin activity in an anephric patient with severe anemia
Authors: Ortega Jorge A. , Malekzadeh Mohammed H. , Dukes Peter P. , Ma Andrew , Pennisi Alfred V. , Fine Richard N. , Shore Nomie A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn exceptionally high serum erythropoietin (EPO) activity was documented in an anephric patient with severe anemia who required transfusions every 4 weeks. The patient's serum EPO was comparable to normal human urinary EPO in the polycythemic mouse assay and was neutralized by an antiserum against EPO. The patient's serum inhibited EPO stimulated‐heme synthesis by normal human marrow cells in vitro. This finding suggests that an inhibitor played an important role in causing the anemia of this uremic patient.
Identification of hemoglobins in single erythrocytes by electrophoresis
Authors: Anyaibe Stephen I. O. , Headings Verle E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present here a method for electrophoretic identification of hemoglobin variants in many individual erythrocytes simultaneously, which is made possible by instruments developed in our laboratory. The system spaces and aligns the erythrocytes along a common origin and prevents “doubling up” of cells. Unambiguous separation of different hemoglobins (Hbs) occurred from single erythrocytes, such as Hbs A, C, F. Staged micrographs showed that hemoglobins of differing mobility from a single cell arise from a single point source of hemoglobin. In principle this capability is applicable to other proteins and could facilitate investigation at a cellular level into a variety of questions pertaining to gene action.
Hb leiden‐β° thalassemia in a chinese with severe hemolytic anemia
Authors: Lie‐Injo Luan Eng , Randhawa Z. I. , Ganesan J. , Peterson D. , Kane J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe first case of Hb Leiden (α2β2 6 or 7 Glu→0)‐β° thalassemia in a young patient with chronic severe hemolytic anemia, which improved after splenectomy, is described. His parents were Chinese. The patient's blood showed no Hb A or normal β chains when no blood transfusion was given. His mother was heterozygous for β° thalassemia, and his father and brother had the trait for the unstable Hb Leiden. The Hb Leiden level of the father was 22.6% and that of the brother was 19.3%. It is probable that the abnormal hemoglobin in this Chinese family resulted from an independent gene mutation, unrelated to the one found in 2 Caucasian families reported earlier.
The oxygen affinity of concentrated human hemoglobin solutions and human blood
Authors: Horvath Steven M. , Malenfant Arthur , Rossi Francesco , Rossi‐Bernardi Luigi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe log P50 of normal human blood at 37°, PCO2 = 0, 21, 42, and 57 mm Hg, in the absence and in the presence of 2,3‐DPG and ATP, has been determined in the pH range 7.0 to 7.6. Similar data have been obtained for human hemoglobin isotonic solutions at different protein concentrations in the presence of various amounts of each of the cofactors which are known to affect hemoglobin oxygen affinity in blood. It has been found that the addition of KCl, organic phosphates, magnesium ions, and CO2 confers to a 32% human hemoglobin solution the same oxygen affinity (over the entire physiological pH range) of whole blood. Thus there is no room for significant effects caused by some other unidentified molecules or ions.
Kaposi's sarcoma presenting as autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Hammond Denis B. , Ellman Leonard , Sirota Ronald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of Kaposi's sarcoma which presented as a warm type of immune hemolytic anemia is described. The malignancy was discovered at the time of splenectomy, which was required for control of the hemolytic anemia. Three other cases of immune hemolytic anemia in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma have been reported. An association between Kaposi's sarcoma and immune hemolytic anemia is suggested. Careful examination of the skin for Kaposi's sarcoma seems appropriate in cases of immune hemolytic anemia.
Two dimensional view of combination chemotherapy in vitro
Authors: Grünwald Hans W. , Rosner Fred , Hirshaut Yashar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA newly developed micromethod to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of drugs on rapidly growing lymphoid cell lines is described, which permits evaluation of more than one variable. This technique allows a checkerboard titration of two drugs to determine the optimum concentration of each needed for the augmentation of the other's cell‐killing activity. Such studies have shown that the minimum concentration of vincristine capable of killing a human lymphoid cell population is 5.6 ng/ml. The addition of prednisolone at a concentration of 460 ng/ml reduces the minimum lethal concentration of vincristine to 1.6 ng/ml. When prednisolone is added to vincristine at concentrations of 2.8 μ/ml (a level readily achieved in the serum in vivo) concentrations of vincristine as low as 200 pg/ml are clearly cytotoxic. Similar potentiation of cytotoxicity following the addition of prednisolone has been demonstrated for cytosine arabinoside, but not for daunorubicin and only slightly for methotrexate. The micromethod for the study of optimal doses to be used in drug combinations is simple and gives highly reproducible results. It should be of considerable utility to anyone interested in screening a wide variety of drug concentrations for augmentation or synergistic effects.
The distinctive features of acute monocytic leukemia
Authors: Shaw Michael T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcute monocytic leukemia is an uncommon form of acute leukemia. Distinctive clinical features include gingival hypertrophy, lymphoadenopathy, coagulation disorders, and lysozymuria. Blast cell morphology and cytochemistry are diagnostic. Receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG have been demonstrated on the basis of a few cases. The drug VP 16–213 has been shown to be very effective in treatment of untreated and previously treated patients.
NADPH‐oxidation activities in subcellular fractions isolated from resting or phagocytozing human polymorphonuclears
Authors: Auclair Christian , Torres Martine , Hakim Jacques , Troube Huguette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a fluorometric assay for the determination of oxidized pyridine nucleotides (NAD[P]+), total and cyanide‐resistant NADPH‐oxidative activities have been measured in subcellular fractions isolated from resting and phagocytosing human polymorphonuclears. Enzymatic activities responsible for the oxidation of the NADPH have been recovered in the heavy particles (15,000g/15 min), the low‐density particles (100,000g/30 min), and the cytosolic fraction. Stimulation of the cells with opsonized zymosan had a different effect on the NADPH‐oxidative activities of these subcellular fractions, which suggests the involvement of various types of enzymatic systems in the oxidation of NADPH. The cytosolic fraction interacted strongly with the enzymatic activities occurring in the sedimentable fractions and is therefore thought to play a central role in the regulation of the activation of the oxidative metabolism associated with phagocytosis.
Increased granulocytic, erythrocytic, and megakaryocytic progenitors in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
Authors: Chikkappa G. , Carsten A. L. , Chanana A. D. , Chandra P. , Cronkite E. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNucleated cells obtained from blood and/or bone marrow of patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) were cultured in diffusion chambers (DC) implanted into the peritoneal cavities of irradiated mice. A total of five blood studies and two bone marrow studies were performed using cells obtained from five patients. The DC were harvested at intervals from the host mice and the total and differential cellularity of DC contents were evaluated. The results obtained from MMM cultures were compared with those from similar cultures of blood cells and marrow cells of four and six normal individuals respectively. The proliferation and maturation of the granulocytic, erythrocytic, and megakaryocytic lines in MMM cultures occurred in an orderly fashion as they occur in vivo. The patterns of proliferation and maturation of the three cell lines in cultures after day 7 suggest that they primarily originate from progenitor cells. The numbers of granulocytes in the multiplicative pool, recognizable red cell precursors, and megakaryocytes recovered were significantly greater from the MMM cultures than those from the normal blood or marrow cultures. These results suggest that the blood and marrow cells of MMM patients have increased numbers of progenitors for granulocytes, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes.
Glutathione reductase deficiency in a kindred with hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Nakashima Koji , Yamauchi Katsuyo , Miwa Shiro , Fujimura Kingo , Mizutani Akiko , Kuramoto Atsushi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA kindred with hereditary spherocytosis was found to have erythrocyte glutathione reductase deficiency. The glutathione reductase was evaluated enzymatically and immunologically. The enzyme activity could not be restored either by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in vitro, or by oral administration of FAD. Kinetic and electrophoretic studies, heat stability tests, and pH curves revealed no evidence of a variant enzyme. The results of electroimmunodiffusion and neutralization tests using an antiserum indicated that the deficiency is caused by a diminished production of enzyme protein. Hereditary spherocytosis and glutathione reductase deficiency traits segregated independently. The amount of reduced glutathione in the erythrocyte was normal, and the deficiency state without hereditary spherocytosis was asymptomatic. All deficient members in this kindred were heterozygous and the residual enzyme activity in the heterozygote might be sufficient to maintain the reduced glutathione level to prevent oxidative stress.
Combination chemotherapy for haematological relapse in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
Authors: Woodruff R. K. , Lister T. A. , Paxton A. M. , Whitehouse J. M. A. , Malpas J. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐three adult patients (median age 22 years) with haematological relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were given reinduction therapy with vincristine, adriamycin, prednisolone, and L‐asparaginase. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 16 patients (69%), and only one patient was completely unresponsive to therapy. The duration of second remission was short except in three patients who had experienced long first remissions (> 2.5 years). The median duration of survival from first relapse was seven months.
β‐thalassemia arising as a new mutation in an American child
Authors: Noronha Peter A. , Honig George R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 6‐year‐old child of northern European ancestry was found to have microcytic, hypochromic anemia with an elevated level of hemoglobin A2 and an unbalanced pattern of globin chain synthesis characteristic of β‐thalassemia trait. Hematologic and globin synthesis studies of both parents yielded entirely normal results. Identification of the mother and father as the biological parents was established with a high order of reliability by determination of erythrocyte, serum, and HLA genetic markers. These findings suggest that the picture of β‐thalassemia observed in this child represents a new mutation.
Non‐leukemic dividing cells in the blood of leukemic patients
Authors: Humbert James R. , Morse Helvise G. , Hutter John J. , Rose Barbara , Robinson Arthur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpontaneous mitoses in the blood of 67 patients with acute leukemia were enumerated and their identity determined by cytogenetic methods. Most patients were children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Simultaneous 16‐to 20‐hour cultures of blood leukocytes (Bu) and of bone marrow (BM) cells were performed without phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Blood leukocytes were also cultured with PHA for 72 hours (BPHA). Mitoses in Bu cultures were counted, and karyotypic analysis performed on cells from the three culture types. In 21 control subjects, Bu cultures usually yielded no mitoses. Relapse and remission patients both displayed significantly more Bu mitoses than the controls. The karyotypes of Bu, BPHA, and BM mitoses in remission patients were normal. Fifty percent of relapse patients displayed cytogenetically abnormal leukemia cell lines; the percentage of their abnormal karyotypes was significantly higher in BM cells than in Bu or BPHA cells. The majority of the mitotic cells in Bu cultures from both relapse and remission patients appear to be of a nonleukemic origin. The number of mitoses could not be correlated with type of leukemia, hematologic parameters, or prognosis.
Accumulation modes of alkylating agents on normal peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Brody Jerome I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vitro uptake by normal peripheral blood lymphocytes of 14C‐labeled cyclophosphamide and nitrogen mustard has been measured in a manner which parallels cell exposure to drugs used in the nitrogen mustard‐oncovin‐procabazine‐prednisone (MOPP) and cyclophosphamide‐oncovin‐procarbazine‐prednisone (COPP) clinical protocols. Accumulation of these alkylating agents occurs in two recognizable patterns. The first exhibits a saturation phenomenon, since radioactivity can be partially blocked by an equal concentration of unlabelled drug, reflects stereospecificity, and represents a minor fraction of total deposition. The second form, proportionately larger than the first, is dependent on drug concentration in the suspending medium, with radioactivity increasing in an apparently limitless linear fashion, uninfluenced by competitive inhibition. This part also is less tenaciously held by the lymphocyte. While the mere presence of drug on the lymphocytes does not necessarily imply injury or lethality, the fact that these peripheral lymphocytes are able to accumulate cytotoxic agents and are partially interchangeable with an analogous fixed lymphoid cell mass suggests that clinical immunosuppression and lymphocytopenia may be related, in part, to cell drug deposition.
Parasinusoidal location of megakaryocytes in marrow: A determinant of platelet release
Authors: Lichtman Marshall A. , Chamberlain Jack K. , Simon William , Santillo Patricia A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMegakaryocytopoiesis occurs in the hematopoietic (extravascular) compartment of marrow. Thus, platelets must traverse the wall of the vascular sinuses of marrow to enter the circulation. We have examined mouse and rat marrow, fixed by rapid immersion so as to maintain anatomical relationships as close to the natural state as possible. Quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of random transections of femurs established that megakaryocytes reside less than 1 μ from a marrow sinus wall with a probability unlikely to be the result of chance (P < 0.001). An intimate relationship exists between the megakaryocyte periphery and the abluminal surface of the endothelial lining cell. At the time of platelet release megakaryocyte cytoplasm invaginates and penetrates the endothelial lining cell. The penetrating cytoplasm is detached and enters the marrow circulation. From their dimensions in comparison to circulating platelets, the released cytoplasm represents a packet of platelets that undergoes further fragmentation in the circulation. The parasinusoidal location of megakaryocytes and the process of sinus‐wall penetration and platelet delivery was observed by TEM and scanning electron microscopy. These studies provided quantitative support for a specific anatomical arrangement of megakaryocytes in marrow. Moreover, the process of platelet release appears to be a physiological form of metastasis with invasion of vascular walls and vascular spread of cells, that are in this case amitotic.
Guidelines for protocol studies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Silver Richard T. , Sawitsky Arthur , Rai Kanti , Holland James F. , Glidewell Oliver 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe treatment of any malignant disease requires appropriate criteria for diagnosis of the disease, appropriate methods for study, and techniques for evaluating response to treatment. In the past five years, there have been a number of proposed guidelines for studies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).These submitted guidelines represent a further re‐evaluation of concepts in CLL, and are currently in use by Cancer and Leukemia Group B for protocol studies. It is clear that revisions will continue to be made as new knowledge accumulates. In the meantime, these are submitted for publication for use by other investigators.