bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Five Dimensions of Pay Satisfaction in a Maquiladora Plant in Mexico
Authors: García María Fernanda , Posthuma Richard A. , Mumford Troy , Quiñones Manuel 
Published: September 2008

We examined the dimensionality of pay satisfaction using a Spanish language questionnaire and a sample of 236 maquiladora workers in Mexico. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a five‐factor solution has the best fit compared to alternative models. Thus, blue‐collar Mexican workers were able to distinguish five distinct facets of pay satisfaction: pay level, pay raises, benefits, pay structure/administration, and bonuses. This study replicates the five‐factor structure of pay satisfaction in a Spanish‐speaking sample of production workers in a maquiladora plant in Mexico.Nous avons examiné la satisfaction relative au salaire en utilisant un questionnaire en langue espagnole sur un échantillon de 236 travailleurs d’une industrie maquiladora au Mexique. Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire a indiqué qu’une solution à cinq facteurs semble être le meilleur ajustement comparé aux alternatives possibles. Ainsi, les cols bleus mexicains sont capables de distinguer cing facettes de satisfaction relative au salaire: le niveau de salaire, son augmentation, sa gestion/son administration et les primes. Cette étude reproduit la structure en cinq facteurs de la satisfaction relative au salaire sur un échantillon hispanophone de travailleurs à la production d’une usine maquiladora au Mexique.
Physically‐based Dye Advection for Flow Visualization
Authors: Li Guo‐Shi , Tricoche Xavier , Hansen Charles 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDye advection is widely used in experimental flow analysis but has seen less use for visualization in computational fluid dynamics. One possible reason for this disconnect is the inaccuracy of the texture‐based approach, which is prone to artifacts caused by numeric diffusion and mass fluctuation. In this paper, we introduce a novel 2D dye advection scheme for flow visualization based on the concept of control volume analysis typically used in computational fluid dynamics. The evolution of dye patterns in the flow field is achieved by advecting individual control volumes, which collectively cover the entire spatial domain. The local variation of dye material, represented as a piecewise quasi‐parabolic function, is integrated within each control volume resulting in mass conserving transport without excessive numerical diffusion. Due to its physically based formulation, this approach is capable of conveying intricate flow structures not shown in the traditional dye advection schemes while avoiding visual artifacts.
TimeRadarTrees: Visualizing Dynamic Compound Digraphs
Authors: Burch M. , Diehl S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe evolution of dependencies in information hierarchies can be modeled by sequences of compound digraphs with edge weights. In this paper we present a novel approach to visualize such sequences of graphs. It uses radial tree layout to draw the hierarchy, and circle sectors to represent the temporal change of edges in the digraphs. We have developed several interaction techniques that allow the users to explore the structural and temporal data. Smooth animations help them to track the transitions between views. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated by examples from very different application domains.
G2 Tensor Product Splines over Extraordinary Vertices
Authors: Loop Charles , Schaefer Scott 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present a second order smooth filling of an n‐valent Catmull‐Clark spline ring with n biseptic patches. While an underdetermined biseptic solution to this problem has appeared previously, we make several advances in this paper. Most notably, we cast the problem as a constrained minimization and introduce a novel quadratic energy functional whose absolute minimum of zero is achieved for bicubic polynomials. This means that for the regular 4‐valent case, we reproduce the bicubic B‐splines. In other cases, the resulting surfaces are aesthetically well behaved. We extend our constrained minimization framework to handle the case of input mesh with boundary.
DIAGNOSING FROUDE'S DISEASE: BOUNDARY WORK AND THE DISCIPLINE OF HISTORY IN LATE‐VICTORIAN BRITAIN
Authors: HESKETH IAN 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTHistorians looking to make history a professional discipline of study in Victorian Britain believed they had to establish firm boundaries demarcating history from other literary disciplines. James Anthony Froude ignored such boundaries. The popularity of his historical narratives was a constant reminder of the continued existence of a supposedly overturned phase of historiography in which the historian was also a man of letters, transcending the boundary separating fact from fiction and literature from history. Just as professionalizing historians were constructing a methodology that called on historians to be inductive empirical workers, Froude refused to accept the new science of history, and suggested instead that history was an individual enterprise, one more concerned with drama and art than with science. E. A. Freeman warned the historical community that they “cannot welcome [Froude] as a partner in their labors, as a fellow‐worker in the cause of historic truth.”This article examines the boundary work of a professionalizing history by considering the attempt to exclude Froude from the historian's discourse, an attempt that involved a communal campaign that sought to represent Froude as “constitutionally inaccurate.” Froude suffered from “an inborn and incurable twist,” argued Freeman, thereby diagnosing “Froude's disease” as the inability to “make an accurate statement about any matter.” By unpacking the construction of “Froude's disease,” the article exposes the disciplinary techniques at work in the professionalization of history, techniques that sought to exclude non‐scientific modes of thought such as that offered by Froude.
What Is Resource Consumption and How Can It Be Measured?
Authors: Gößling‐Reisemann Stefan 
Published: September 2008

SummaryIn the first part of this series of two articles, an approach was presented that takes the entropy production associated with any process as a measure of the resource consumption of that process. Entropy production is thereby used to approximate the intuitive notion of consumption, which can best be described by the term “loss of potential utility.” This article presents an application example from the metallurgical sector. The related concept of exergy analysis is discussed and compared against the entropy approach. It was found that the production of 1 ton of refined copper generates 90.2 megajoules per Kelvin of entropy. A comparison with exergy analyses of copper production processes from the literature shows agreement at least on the order of magnitude. While results in one case deviate from the entropy analysis by about 40%, in another case the deviation is about 160%. One can only speculate on the reasons for this discrepancy, without knowing the exact process specifications of the processes analyzed. For entropy production as a measure for resource consumption, a baseline for comparison and interpretation of the results based on natural entropy disposal and reduction mechanisms is suggested.
C5‐6 Cervical Dislocation Resulting from Improper Seat Belt Use
Authors: Frank Edmund H. , Pennington Steven E. , Keenen Timothy L. , Frankel Pamela 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTMotorists may improperly use the diagonal shoulder belt of newer passive restraint systems by failing to use the lap belt. An unusual case of a patient who did not wear a lap belt and who sustained a cervical C5–6 distraction injury resulting in quadriplegia is reported. Emergency physicians should be aware of this injury mechanism and should reinforce proper passive restraint use.
Lung Compliance Following Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Davis Kenneth , Johannigman Jay A. , Johnson Robert C. , Branson Richard D. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine lung compliance in patients who had out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests.Methods: A prospective, observational study of patients suffering nontraumatic cardiopulmonary arrest and requiring CPR at one university hospital ED. Following termination of resuscitation efforts, lung compliance was measured. Measurements were made while inflating the lung from 250 mL to 2.000 mL (in 250‐mL increments) using a calibrated supersyringe. Airway flow and pressure were measured at the endotracheal tube with a pneumotachograph and a pressure transducer. Flow and pressure signals were recorded by a respiratory monitor and used to construct pressure‐volume curves for calculation of lung compliance.Results: The 25 cardiac arrest patients (17 men, eight women) had a mean (± SD) age of 65 ± 7 years. Mean lung compliance was 0.051 ± 0.011 L/cm H2O. Lung compliance was smaller at low lung volumes, suggesting the presence of alveolar collapse. Compliance values from 500 mL to 1,500 mL were similar. Compliance also diminished with increasing duration of CPR.Conclusions: One previous publication suggested that lung compliance following resuscitation is 0.022 L/cm H2O. The results of this study, using the accepted standard measurements of static lung compliance, suggest that true compliance is twice this value. This finding has important ramifications for future research on ventilation during resuscitation and current ventilation standards.
Directing an Emergency Medicine Residency: The Problems and Their Potential Solutions
Authors: Weigand John , Kuhn Gloria , Gerson Lowell W. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: To characterize the problems facing emergency medicine residency directors (EMRDs), to describe potential solutions, and to associate perceptions with anticipated duration in the position of EMRD.Methods: A confidential questionnaire was mailed to the EMRDs at all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education‐approved programs. The survey included a problem and solution list constructed by a panel of EMRDs. The respondents were asked to rate problems using a Likert‐like scale and were asked to indicate which of the listed solutions they had used and had found useful, or thought would be useful. Associations of these features and demographic variables with the intention to leave the position of EMRD within S years were sought.Results: Eighty‐seven of 93 EMRDs (93.5%) completed the survey. Their mean age was 40 years; 50% had been EMRDs for <3 years. Most of the EMRDs (62%) had an associate EMRD, and 77% had at least one secretary. The EMRDs worked a median of 220 hours per month. Major problems included: insufficient time for the job (57%). career interfering with family needs (44%). and lack of adequate faculty help (38%). The most frequently cited and useful solutions included: attending education courses, self‐reading on education and management techniques. and discussing problems with and seeking advice from others. Most (68%) of the EMRDs anticipated continuing as program director for ≤5 years. Neither age, gender, previous amount of time in the position, number of hours worked, nor nature of the problems faced on the job was a significant predictor of which of the EMRDs anticipated leaving.Conclusions: Half the responding EMRDs were <40 years of age. half had been EMRDs for ≤3 years, and 68% anticipated continuing in their position for ≤5 years. Major frustrations included lack of knowledge and time. Family and career conflicts were frequent. These problems are similar to those of program directors in other specialties. Some recommendations are made to assist EMRDs.
Disaster Medicine: Current Assessment and Blueprint for the Future
Authors:   SAEM Disaster Medicine White Paper Subcomminee
Published: September 2008

SUMMARYEmergency services for disaster‐affected populations require the application of out‐of‐hospital planning, curative acute medical skills, and public health principles. SAEM can play an important role in promoting the research and educational agendas for disaster medicine through its network of EM educators at academic health centers. Testing of disaster medicine principles as part of the EM certification process will emphasize the importance of disaster medicine in the overall training of EPs. Postgraduate fellowships in disaster medicine also should be promoted and closely linked to disaster response organizations. Overall professional training must encompass the many facets described in this paper to prepare physicians to meet the challenges of disaster medicine.
Survey of Emergency Medical Services Curricula in U.S. Emergency Medicine Residencies
Authors: Cone David C. , Dawdson Steven J. 
Published: September 2008

SummarySome areas of EMS instruction are more consistently offered in residency programs than in the past. Formal (structured) preparation for the provision of OLMC has become almost universal, while involvement in quality‐related activities and training in the areas of risk management and EMS administration appear to have increased. However, resident involvement in disaster activities has decreased in recent years, and there is still much variability between programs in the extent and scope of EMS teaching. Field experiences still vary widely, for both ground and air services.
Successful Treatment of Amoxapine‐induced Refractory Status Epilepticus with Propofol (Diprivan)
Authors: Merigian Kevin S. , Browning Randall G. , Leeper Kenneth V. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTTonic‐clonic seizure activity is a recognized complication of amoxapine overdose. Refractory drug‐induced status epilepticus is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Standard regimens for controlling status epilepticus may be ineffective for aborting drug‐induced seizures. The authors report the case of a 30‐year‐old woman who presented with an amoxapine overdose that deteriorated into status epilepticus refractory to conventional therapy. Propofol given by intravenous bolus and maintenance infusion successfully halted the patient's seizure activity. This case suggests that propofol may be effective as an anticonvulsant in refractory drug‐induced status epilepticus.
Ophthalmologic Procedures in the Emergency Department— Part II: Routine Evaluation Procedures
Authors: Knoop Kevin , Trott Alexander 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe emergency physician (EP) must be familiar with performance of ophthalmologic procedures for evaluation and treatment of a multitude of eye complaints. This article is the second of three articles addressing ophthalmologic procedures potentially of use by the EP. This article reviews the indications and the techniques for the following routine procedures: visual acuity testing, pupil dilatation, topical anesthesia use, and tonometry. Criteria for consultation also are addressed.
Smoking Habits of Emergency Department Patients: An Opportunity for Disease Prevention
Authors: Lowenstein Steven R. , Tomlinson David , Koziol‐McLain Jane , Prochazka Allan 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine smoking habits, levels of addiction, readiness to quit, and access to primary care among ED patients.Methods: A questionnaire was administered prospectively to all non‐critical adult patients who presented to one university hospital ED during 23 randomly selected four‐hour time blocks; 336 (89%) of 376 eligible patients responded. Self‐reported smoking was validated by carbon monoxide breath testing in a pilot sample of 49 patients.Results: The study patients were mostly young (mean age = 35 ± 15 years), female (59%), white (62%), and high school‐educated (73%). Of the 336 ED patients, 41% were current smokers (95% CI = 0.36–0.46); 42% of these were “moderately” to “very highly” dependent on nicotine (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence > 4). Of those who smoked, 68% stated they wanted to quit, and 49% wanted to quit within the month. Fifty‐six percent of all those who smoked stated that they had never been told to quit smoking by any physician. Thirty‐five percent of the ED sample (118 patients) relied upon EDs for most or all of their routine, primary health care; 55% (95% CI = 0.46–0.64) of these patients were current smokers.Conclusions: The prevalence rates of smoking and nicotine addiction among ED patients are high. Almost half of ED smokers are ready to quit, but most state they have never been told by a physician to do so. Finally, a large proportion of ED smokers receive their primary care in EDs. Therefore, the ED may be an underused setting for smoking cessation intervention.
Ethanol‐associated Hypoglycemia Is Uncommon
Authors: Sucov Andrew , Woolard Robert H. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the association of ethanol intoxication with hypoglycemia in ED patients.Methods: Retrospective, laboratory log review of 953 consecutive patients who were evaluated for ethanol intoxication in an urban university hospital ED over a three‐month period. Simultaneous serum glucose determination was carried out for each patient and associations between ethanol level and glucose were sought.Results: Glucose concentrations were unavailable for 16 patients (1.7%). Of the remaining patients, 584 patients had detectable ethanol concentrations (ethanol‐positive), and 353 had no detectable ethanol (ethanol‐negative). Ethanol concentrations (mean ± SD) in the ethanol‐positive group were 50.11 ± 24.08 mmol/L (231 ± 111 mg/dL), and glucose concentrations were 5.83 ± 1.94 mmol/L (105 ± 35 mg/dL). Hypoglycemia [glucose <3.72 mmol/L (67 mg/dL)] was observed for five (0.9%) ethanol‐positive patients. It was classified as mild‐moderate [2.78–3.66 mmol/L (50–66 mg/dL)] for four patients (0.7%) and severe [<2.78 mmol/L (50 mg/dL)] for one (0.2%). Ethanol concentrations ranged from 25.60 to 68.33 mmol/L (118 to 315 mg/ dL). There was no correlation between ethanol and glucose concentrations in any subset of the ethanol‐positive patient population. In the ethanol‐positive group, patients who had several ethanol‐positive visits (56 patients, mean 3.6 visits/patient) accounted for four of the five episodes of hypoglycemia, including the one episode of severe hypoglycemia. The frequency of hypoglycemia in repeat visitors (2.0%) was higher than that in the group of patients without repeat visits (0.2%). In the ethanol‐negative group, there were four (1.1%) episodes of mild‐moderate hypoglycemia and no severely hypoglycemic patient. Hypoglycemia was not more likely to occur among ethanol‐positive patients than it was among ethanol‐negative patients.Conclusion: Hypoglycemia was uncommonly associated with ethanol intoxication, and was found almost exclusively among patients with several ethanol‐positive visits. Glucose and ethanol concentrations do not show any linear correlation; patients with higher ethanol concentrations are not at higher risk of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is not more likely to occur in ethanol‐positive than in ethanol‐negative patients. Initial glucose screening does not appear to be necessary for all patients suspected of intoxication; selective screening may be more appropriate.
Smoking Cessation Counseling by Emergency Physicians: Opinions, Knowledge, and Training Needs
Authors: Prochazka Allan , Koziol‐McLain Jane , Tomlinson David , Lowenstein Steven R. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjectives: To determine: 1) the extent of emergency physicians' (EPs') training in smoking cessation counseling; 2) their understanding of counseling and pharmacologic treatment techniques; 3) their current practices in screening, counseling, and referring patients who smoke; and 4) perceived barriers to routine smoking cessation counseling in emergency medical practice.Methods: A 26‐item questionnaire addressing the above issues was mailed to all 256 members of the Colorado Chapter of the American College of Emergency Physicians.Results: Completed questionnaires were returned by 196 physicians (77% response rate). The majority of respondents were men (80%), practiced in urban settings (87%), and were board‐certified in emergency medicine (82%). Most EPs lacked formal smoking cessation training (55%) and felt poorly prepared to counsel patients about smoking cessation (65%). A minority (27%) of the physicians reported routinely asking patients to quit smoking. The physicians with formal smoking cessation training were more likely to counsel and refer patients routinely (34% vs 20%, p = 0.03). The physicians cited the following barriers to routine smoking cessation counseling: a lack of time; a perception that patients are not interested; a belief that the ED setting is inappropriate for counseling; and a sense that counseling is ineffective. Lack of reimbursement was cited by only 13% of the respondents. The physicians who had formal smoking cessation training perceived fewer barriers to ED‐based counseling.Conclusions: Emergency physicians have received little training in smoking cessation and perceive many barriers to ED‐based smoking cessation interventions. Not surprisingly, they infrequently take action to encourage or assist their patients to quit smoking.
When Public Health Competes with Individual Needs
Authors: Schmidt Terri A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTA case of a homeless, alcoholic man with tuberculosis is presented. This case is used to illustrate the ethical dilemmas health care providers must face when the needs of society and the actions of the patient come into conflict. In addition to discussing historical cases of conflicts between individual rights and the needs of society, two models for solving the dilemma in the current case are considered.
Ophthalmologic Procedures in the Emergency Department—Part III: Slit Lamp Use and Foreign Bodies
Authors: Knoop Kevin , Trott Alexander 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe emergency physician (EP) must be familiar with carrrying out ophthalmologic procedures for evaluation and treatment of a multitude of eye complaints. This article is the last of three articles addressing ophthalmologic procedures of use by the EP. This article reviews the indications and the techniques for slit lamp examination of the eye and techniques of foreign body removal. Criteria for consultation also are addressed.
Urban Trauma Transport of Assaulted Patients Using Nonmedical Personnel
Authors: Branas Charles C. , Sing Ronald F. , Davidson Steven J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTObjective: To describe one urban trauma transport system to clarify the impact of transport by nonmedical personnel on patient outcome.Methods: Retrospective data were assembled over a six–year period through the use of the state trauma registry for an urban county served by seven state–accredited trauma centers. A subset of 4,767 consecutive assaulted patients was analyzed using the TRISS method to estimate survival probability. An unexpected death index (UDI), calculated as the difference between expected (TRISS method) and observed death rates, also was determined. Outcomes for patients transported by fire medics (FMs) vs nonmedical, police personnel (NPs) were compared.Results: FMs transported 2,108 (44%) and NPs transported 1,356 (29%) of the injured assault victims. The FM–transported patients had a lower expected probability of survival than had the NP–trans–ported patients (p < 0.001). This also was true within the penetrating–injury subgroup (p < 0.001), but not the blunt–injury subgroup. The observed death rate was higher for all the FM–transported patients than it was for the NP–transported patients (15% vs 11%; p < 0.01). The UDIs were not different overall, although the NP–transported patients who had blunt trauma had a significantly lower UDI (p < 0.01).Conclusions: NP transport of assaulted patients is generally associated with equivalent outcomes in comparison with FM transport in this urban environment. However, these data also provide evidence of an on–scene implicit triage with more severely injured patients generally transported by FMs.