bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaders in hospital‐based social work
Authors: Guo Kristina L. , Company Jennifer D. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the management skills and competencies required by a director of social work as they perform their multiple roles and functions in order to effectively manage a medical social work team to better serve the needs of patients through the new hospital‐based case management model.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper that reviews the literature on managerial roles, management functions, and skills and competencies of directors of social work. Management frameworks that are applicable under the case management model are discussed. Interviews with five directors of social work and their perceptions are described.FindingsManaging a department that is going through continuous changes is often difficult.Practical implicationsThis paper has practical implications for general health care managers and specifically, directors of social work, to develop skills and gain competencies to be successful in today's evolving health care environment. This research also has practical implications for social workers to gain insight into productive and effective ways to collaborate with members of an interdisciplinary team.Originality/valueThis paper is original and of value to those working in social work and in the health care field to develop their skills and competencies as they perform new roles and functions in the complex health care environment.
Leadership boards of directors
Authors: Beaver Graham , Davies Adrian , Joyce Paul 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis paper critically reviews the role and function of the corporate board and finds that boards of directors that have a leadership role in corporate strategic planning go beyond merely caring for shareholder interests and take a proactive role in the success of the business. They do this by setting the strategic direction and evaluating company performance.FindingsHowever, the cultural and organisational conditions for the development of leadership boards are not well understood. The roles of executive and non‐executive directors need to be clearly defined in order that such boards can be effective and assert control over strategy and performance. Executive directors can only be effective when they clearly differentiate their role of providing direction from their daily role of working with managers in the company.Research limitations/implicationsRecent research has begun to push back the ignorance surrounding the development of leadership boards. This is examined in order to define the barriers standing in the way of more empowered directors. It is then used to identify the actions and approaches that can be used by directors to develop their involvement in and influence over, corporate strategic planning.Originality/valueThe paper contains a critical discussion of boards that places the issue in their contemporary policy context. This leads to the conclusion that the organisation of partnership between board and management is important and that business success increasingly rests on openness and trust supported by creative and challenging dialogue. Practical suggestions for the revision of company law are provided.
Accounting, contracts and trust in supply relationships
Authors: Cuganesan Suresh 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe paper investigates the operation of the trust‐formal control dynamic in collaborative supply relationships.Design/methodology/approachA case study of an Australian metal manufacturer (IronBiz) and its collaborative supply relationships is conducted.FindingsRelationships between formal controls (comprising accounting controls and contracts) and trust are developed based on the empirical observations from the case study conducted and prior literature.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitations of the paper include: an empirical examination of the buyer organisation only in dyadic supply relationships; the limited generalisability associated with the methodology and field site chosen.Originality/valueIn contrast to the continued popularity of collaborative arrangements as a form of organisation, gaps in the literature still exist as to the dynamics of trust creation and the relationship between trust and formal controls. This paper focuses on the trust‐formal control dynamic, with an emphasis on how trust is generated and sustained in supply relationships and the role of formal controls in this process.
An experimental study of GFP‐based FRET, with application to intrinsically unstructured proteins
Authors: Ohashi Tomoo , Galiacy Stephane D. , Briscoe Gina , Erickson Harold P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have experimentally studied the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between green fluorescent protein (GFP) molecules by inserting folded or intrinsically unstructured proteins between CyPet and Ypet. We discovered that most of the enhanced FRET signal previously reported for this pair was due to enhanced dimerization, so we engineered a monomerizing mutation into each. An insert containing a single fibronectin type III domain (3.7 nm end‐to‐end) gave a moderate FRET signal while a two‐domain insert (7.0 nm) gave no FRET. We then tested unstructured proteins of various lengths, including the charged‐plus‐PQ domain of ZipA, the tail domain of α‐adducin, and the C‐terminal tail domain of FtsZ. The structures of these FRET constructs were also studied by electron microscopy and sedimentation. A 12 amino acid linker and the N‐terminal 33 amino acids of the charged domain of the ZipA gave strong FRET signals. The C‐terminal 33 amino acids of the PQ domain of the ZipA and several unstructured proteins with 66–68 amino acids gave moderate FRET signals. The 150 amino acid charged‐plus‐PQ construct gave a barely detectable FRET signal. FRET efficiency was calculated from the decreased donor emission to estimate the distance between donor and acceptor. The donor–acceptor distance varied for unstructured inserts of the same length, suggesting that they had variable stiffness (persistence length). We conclude that GFP‐based FRET can be useful for studying intrinsically unstructured proteins, and we present a range of calibrated protein inserts to experimentally determine the distances that can be studied.
Rust of flax and linseed caused byMelampsora lini
Authors: LAWRENCE GREGORY J. , DODDS PETER N. , ELLIS JEFFREY G. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYMelampsora lini, while of economic importance as the causal agent of rust disease of flax and linseed, has for several decades been the ‘model’ rust species with respect to genetic studies of avirulence/virulence. Studies by Harold Flor demonstrated that single pairs of allelic genes determine the avirulence/virulence phenotype on host lines with particular resistance genes and led him to propose his famous ‘gene‐for‐gene’ hypothesis. Flor's inheritance studies, together with those subsequently carried out by others, also revealed that, in some cases, an inhibitor gene pair and an avirulence/virulence gene pair interact to determine the infection outcome on host lines with particular resistance genes. Recently, avirulence/virulence genes at four loci,AvrL567,AvrM,AvrP4andAvrP/AvrP123, have been cloned. All encode novel, small, secreted proteins that are recognized inside plant cells. Yeast two‐hybrid studies have shown that the AvrL567 proteins interact directly with the resistance gene protein. The molecular basis of Flor's gene‐for‐gene relationship has now been elucidated for six interacting gene pairs: those involving resistance genesL5,L6,L7,M,PandP2, where both the resistance gene and the corresponding avirulence gene have been cloned. In other inheritance studies it has been shown thatM. linidoes not possess a (+) and (–) mating system, but may possess a two factor system. Double‐stranded (ds) RNA molecules occur in many strains ofM. lini: examination of the progeny of one strain that possesses 11 dsRNA molecules revealed that they fall into three transmission units, designated L, A and B. The L unit consists of a single large dsRNA of 5.2 kbp while the A and B units each consist of five dsRNAs in the size range 1.1–2.8 kbp. The three units have different sexual and asexual transmission characteristics. The L unit is encapsidated in a virus‐like particle, whereas the other units are not encapsidated. The population and coevolutionary aspects ofM. linion a wild, native Australian host species,Linum marginale, have been extensively investigated. A recent molecular analysis revealed that theM. liniisolates fromL. marginalefall into two distinct lineages, one of which is apparently hybrid between two diverse genomes. Isolates in this lineage are largely fixed for heterozygosity, which suggests that sexual recombination does not occur in this lineage.
Observations and modelling of the reactions of 10 metals with goethite: adsorption and diffusion processes
Authors: Fischer L. , Brümmer G. W. , Barrow N. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA sample of goethite was mixed for periods which ranged from 2 hours to 8 weeks with solutions of dilute nitrate salts of Pb, Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr and Al. The amount of sorption after each period was measured for an appropriate pH range for each metal. The sorption behaviour was characterized both by using characteristics of the sorption curves such as the pH at which half of the added metal was sorbed (pH50) and by fitting a model in which sorption was mainly characterized by an affinity constant and by a diffusion constant. Initial sorption, whether characterized by the pH50 or by the affinity constant, was closely correlated with the appropriate dissociation constants of the metals. The greater the affinity of the metals for hydroxide ions, the greater their affinity for the goethite surface. The metals differed in the rate at which they continued to react with the goethite. Lead had the slowest continuing reaction, cobalt the fastest. The continuing reaction was due to diffusion into the particles. It was characterized by the fitted diffusion constant and by the change with time in the pH50. For seven of the eight divalent metals, these were correlated with the ionic radius of the metals: the larger the radius, the slower the reaction. For Al and Cr, rates were slower than would be expected from the ionic radii and we suggest this shows that these ions react as the larger M(OH)2+ ions. The behaviour of Ni was consistent with oxidation of the surface species and diffusion of Ni(OH)2+ ions. The continuing reaction was similar to that observed when metal ions react with soils and suggests that their reaction with iron oxides is important in soils. The results also show that studies in which sorption is measured at only one period of reaction are incomplete and the application of equilibrium models to such results is misleading.
Interaction of the 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide with soil organic matter moieties: a theoretical study
Authors: Aquino A. J. A. , Tunega D. , Haberhauer G. , Gerzabek M. H. , Lischka H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe determination of the structure of humic substances from soils and natural waters is an intriguing problem in soil science. Humic substances consist of molecules covering a broad distribution of molecular size and involving different functional groups. Taking this into account, we have chosen smaller model systems with functional groups typically present in humic substances. We investigated theoretically, by quantum chemical calculations, the environmental effects on the complexes formed from the interaction of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its anion with acetaldehyde, methanol, methylamine, protonated methylamine, acetic acid and water. The important case of a cation bridge mechanism, with Ca2+as the bridging cation, is also included into the set of model reactions. It is found that this cation bridge belongs to one of the most stable mechanisms of fixation of organic compounds in soils. According to our calculations the hydroxyl group forms the most stable complexes with 2,4‐D in a polar solvent environment.
The Ki67+ proliferation index correlates with increased cellular retinol‐binding protein‐1 and the coordinated loss of plakophilin‐1 and desmoplakin during progression of cervical squamous lesions
Authors: Schmitt‐Graeff A , Koeninger A , Olschewski M , Haxelmans S , Nitschke R , Bochaton‐Piallat M‐L , Lifschitz‐Mercer B , Gabbiani G , Langbein L , Czernobilsky B 
Published: June 2007

Aims:  To investigate the modulation of cellular retinol‐binding protein (CRBP)‐1 and the desmosomal plaque proteins plakophilin (PKP)‐1 and desmoplakin (DP) in correlation with the Ki67+ proliferation index (PI) during the progression of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Methods:  Using in situ imaging by brightfield and confocal laser scanning microscopy, the expression of CRBP‐1 protein and transcripts, PKP‐1, DP and the Ki67 PI were analysed in 38 low‐grade (L) SIL, 56 high‐grade (H) SIL, 49 SCC, 30 control cervices and 10 human papillomavirus‐positive condylomatous lesions.Results:  CRBP‐1+ cells increased from 11.4% in the normal cervix to 80.3% in LSILs, 92.3% in HSILs and slightly decreased to 78.3% in invasive SCCs (P = 0.0001) in close association with the Ki67 PI (r =0.41; P < 0.0001). PKP‐1+ and DP+ cells were correlated (0.32; P < 0.0001) and decreased from normal (81% versus 92.3%) to LSIL (53.1% versus 85.3%), to HSIL (46.4% versus 67.5%) and SCC (35.1% versus 35.9%). The Ki67+ PI was inversely correlated with DP (−0.20, P = 0.0014) and PKP‐1 (−0.19, P = 0.015). Condylomata retained low CRBP‐1 and high expression of PKP‐1 and DP.Conclusions:  The gain of CRBP‐1 and the loss of desmosomal proteins occur early in cervical carcinogenesis.
The impact of intermediate care services on job satisfaction, skills and career development opportunities
Authors: Nancarrow Susan 
Published: June 2007

Aim.  The purpose of this study was to examine, in depth, the impact of intermediate care services on staff job satisfaction, skills development and career development opportunities.Background.  Recruitment and retention difficulties present a major barrier to the effective delivery of intermediate care services in the UK. The limited existing literature is contradictory, but points to the possibility of staff deskilling and suggests that intermediate care is poorly understood and may be seen by other practitioners as being of lower status than hospital work. These factors have the potential to reduce staff morale and limit the possibilities of recruiting staff.Design.  The research is based on interviews with 26 staff from case studies of two intermediate care services in South Yorkshire.Results.  Participants reported high levels of job satisfaction, which was because of the enabling philosophy of care, increased autonomy, the setting of care and the actual teams within which the workers were employed. For most disciplines, intermediate care facilitated the application of existing skills in a different way; enhancing some skills, while restricting the use of others. Barriers to career development opportunities were attributed to the relative recency of intermediate care services, small size of the services and lack of clear career structures.Conclusions.  Career development opportunities in intermediate care could be improved through staff rotations through acute, community and intermediate care to increase their awareness of the roles of intermediate care staff. The non‐hierarchical management structures limits management career development opportunities, instead, there is a need to enhance professional growth opportunities through the use of consultant posts and specialization within intermediate care.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study provides insight into the impact of an increasingly popular model of care on the roles and job satisfaction of workers and highlights the importance of this learning for recruitment and retention of staff.
Sequence diversity and haplotype associations with phenotypic responses to crowding: GIGANTEA affects fruit set in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: BROCK MARCUS T. , TIFFIN PETER , WEINIG CYNTHIA 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIdentifying the molecular genetic basis of intraspecific variation in quantitative traits promises to provide novel insight into their evolutionary history as well as genetic mechanisms of adaptation. In an attempt to identify genes responsible for natural variation in competitive responses in Arabidopsis thaliana, we examined DNA sequence diversity at seven loci previously identified as members of the phytochrome B signalling network. For one gene, GIGANTEA (GI), we detected significant haplotype structure. To test for GI haplogroup–phenotype associations, we genotyped 161 A. thaliana accessions at GI and censused the same accessions for total fruit set and the expression of three phenotypic traits (days to flowering, petiole length, and inflorescence height) in a greenhouse experiment where plants were grown in crowded and uncrowded environments. We detected a significant association between GI and total fruit set that resulted in a 14% difference in average fruit set among GI haplogroups. Given that fruit set is an important component of fitness in this species and given the magnitude of the effect, the question arises as to how variation at this locus is maintained. Our observation of frequent and significant epistasis between GI and background single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), where the fitness ranking of the GI allele either reverses or does not differ depending on the allele at the interacting SNP, suggests that epistatic selection may actively maintain or at least slow the loss of variation at GI. This result is particularly noteworthy in the light of the ongoing debate regarding the genetic underpinnings of phenotypic evolution and recent observations that epistasis for phenotypic traits and components of fitness is common in A. thaliana.
Two localization motifs mediate polar residence of FrzS during cell movement and reversals of Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Mignot Tâm , Merlie John P. , Zusman David R. 
Published: June 2007

Summary Myxococcus xanthus utilizes two motility systems for surface locomotion: A‐motility and S‐motility. S‐motility is mediated by extension and retraction of type IV pili. Cells exhibiting S‐motility periodically reverse by switching the assembly of type IV pili from the old leading pole to the new leading pole. These cellular reversals involve regulated pole‐to‐pole oscillations of the FrzS protein. We constructed and characterized in‐frame deletion mutations in several FrzS domains to determine their roles in protein localization. We found that FrzS has distinct domains required for residence at the leading cell pole, pole‐to‐pole transport and lagging cell pole. Our results are consistent with a model whereby S‐motility reversals are mediated by a protein translocation system that delivers motility proteins such as FrzS from the leading cell pole to the lagging cell pole.
Expression of Chemokine Receptors CCR7 and CCR8 in the CNS During ChREAE
Authors: Bielecki B. , Mazurek A. , Wolinski P. , Glabinski A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChemokines and their receptors are important players in organism homeostasis, development and immune response to inflammatory stimuli. It has been recently confirmed that they are also involved in the development of several autoimmune diseases. In this study, we analysed the expression of two recently identified CC chemokine receptors, CCR7 and CCR8, in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral tissues during chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (ChREAE) – an animal model of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). We observed upregulation of both chemokine receptors in the CNS during the first and second attacks of ChREAE, whereas disease remission was characterized by a lower expression of those receptors. An analysis of the kinetics of CCR7 and CCR8 expression in the CNS during the first attack of the disease showed a constant increase in the first few days after the onset of clinical signs. This expression correlated with the clinical severity of ChREAE. CCR7‐positive mononuclear cells were detected mostly in perivascular inflammatory cuffs in the CNS. In peripheral tissues (the spleen and kidneys) expression of both receptors was not upregulated during active ChREAE. These findings suggest that CCR7 and CCR8 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of EAE and probably MS.
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) of augmentation cystoplasties
Authors: Appanna Timson C , Doak Shareen H , Jenkins Spencer A , Kynaston Howard G , Stephenson Timothy P , Parry James M 
Published: June 2007

Objective:  Tumors arising within augmentation cystoplasties are aggressive, have poor prognosis and the majority are not detected at follow‐up cystoscopy. Genetic changes in tumors precede morphological abnormalities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic abnormalities detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) could be used to identify those patients with augmentation cystoplasties at increased risk of tumorigenesis.Methods:  Bladder biopsy samples were obtained from 16 augmentation cystoplasty patients both distant from and near to the enterovesical anastomosis. CGH was used to detect genetic abnormalities in DNA extracted from the biopsies, archival specimens of two augmentation cystoplasties and two de novo bladder adenocarcinomas.Results:  A greater number of amplifications on 2p, 3q, 8q, 9p, 17p, 18pq and 20pq, were observed in bladder biopsies obtained near to the enterovesical anastomosis compared to those taken distant to the suture line. CGH of archival augmentation cystoplasty tumor DNA indicated abnormalities at several loci with amplifications at 2q, 5q, 10p and 21pq, while deletions occurred at 5p and 16p.Conclusions:  The results of this study suggest that the urothelium adjacent to the bladder and/or bowel anastomosis in augmentation cystoplasties is genetically unstable. Furthermore, longitudinal studies are required to establish whether or not patients exhibiting genetic instability following augmentation cystoplasty are at greater risk of developing tumors than those with genetically stable epithelia.
Is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder a valid diagnosis in the presence of high IQ? Results from the MGH Longitudinal Family Studies of ADHD
Authors: Antshel Kevin M. , Faraone Stephen V. , Stallone Kimberly , Nave Andrea , Kaufmann Felice A. , Doyle Alysa , Fried Ronna , Seidman Larry , Biederman Joseph 
Published: June 2007

Background:  The aim of this study was to assess the validity of diagnosing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in high IQ children and to further characterize the clinical features associated with their ADHD.Methods:  We operationalized giftedness/high IQ as having a full scale IQ ≥120. We identified 92 children with a high IQ who did not have ADHD and 49 children with a high IQ that met diagnostic criteria for ADHD who had participated in the Massachusetts General Hospital Longitudinal Family Studies of ADHD.Results:  Of our participants with ADHD and a high IQ, the majority (n = 35) met criteria for the Combined subtype. Relative to control participants, children with ADHD and high IQ had a higher prevalence rate of familial ADHD in first‐degree relatives, repeated grades more often, had a poorer performance on the WISC‐III Block Design, had more comorbid psychopathology, and had more functional impairments across a number of domains.Conclusions:  Children with a high IQ and ADHD showed a pattern of familiality as well as cognitive, psychiatric and behavioral features consistent with the diagnosis of ADHD in children with average IQ. These data suggest that the diagnosis of ADHD is valid among high IQ children.