bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the dynamic shear properties of hyaline cartilage using high‐frequency dynamic MR elastography
Authors: Lopez Orlando , Amrami Kimberly K. , Manduca Armando , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis work evaluated the feasibility of dynamic MR Elastography (MRE) to quantify structural changes in bovine hyaline cartilage induced by selective enzymatic degradation. The ability of the technique to quantify the frequency‐dependent response of normal cartilage to shear in the kilohertz range was also explored. Bovine cartilage plugs of 8 mm in diameter were used for this study. The shear stiffness (μs) of each cartilage plug was measured before and after 16 hr of enzymatic treatments by dynamic MRE at 5000 Hz of shear excitation. Collagenase and trypsin were used to selectively affect the collagen and proteoglycans contents of the matrix. Additionally, normal cartilage plugs were tested by dynamic MRE at shear‐excitations of 3000–7000 Hz. Measured μs of cartilage plugs showed a significant decrease (−37%, P < 0.05) after collagenase treatment and a significant decrease (−28%, P < 0.05) after trypsin treatment. Furthermore, a near‐linear increase (R2 = 0.9141) in the speed of shear wave propagation with shear‐excitation frequency was observed in cartilage, indicating that wave speed is dominated by viscoelastic effects. These experiments suggest that dynamic MRE can provide a sensitive quantitative tool to characterize the degradation process and viscoelastic behavior of cartilage. Magn Reson Med 59:356–364, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of reconstruction accuracy and efficiency among autocalibrating data‐driven parallel imaging methods
Authors: Brau Anja C.S. , Beatty Philip J. , Skare Stefan , Bammer Roland 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe class of autocalibrating “data‐driven” parallel imaging (PI) methods has gained attention in recent years due to its ability to achieve high quality reconstructions even under challenging imaging conditions. The aim of this work was to perform a formal comparative study of various data‐driven reconstruction techniques to evaluate their relative merits for certain imaging applications. A total of five different reconstruction methods are presented within a consistent theoretical framework and experimentally compared in terms of the specific measures of reconstruction accuracy and efficiency using one‐dimensional (1D)‐accelerated Cartesian datasets. It is shown that by treating the reconstruction process as two discrete phases, a calibration phase and a synthesis phase, the reconstruction pathway can be tailored to exploit the computational advantages available in certain data domains. A new “split‐domain” reconstruction method is presented that performs the calibration phase in k‐space (kx, ky) and the synthesis phase in a hybrid (x, ky) space, enabling highly accurate 2D neighborhood reconstructions to be performed more efficiently than previously possible with conventional techniques. This analysis may help guide the selection of PI methods for a given imaging task to achieve high reconstruction accuracy at minimal computational expense. Magn Reson Med 59:382–395, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A sensitive PARACEST contrast agent for temperature MRI: Eu3+‐DOTAM‐glycine (Gly)‐phenylalanine (Phe)
Authors: Li Alex X. , Wojciechowski Filip , Suchy Mojmir , Jones Craig K. , Hudson Robert H.E. , Menon Ravi S. , Bartha Robert 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTissue temperature is a fundamental physiological parameter that can provide insight into pathological processes. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a novel paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agent suitable for in vivo temperature mapping at 9.4T. The CEST properties of the europium (Eu3+) complex of the DOTAM‐Glycine (Gly)‐Phenylalanine (Phe) ligand were studied in vitro at 9.4T as a function of temperature, pH, and agent concentration. The transfer of magnetization (CEST effect) from the bound water to bulk water pools was ∼75% greater for Eu3+‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Phe compared to Eu3+‐DOTAM‐Gly at physiologic temperature (38°C) and pH (7.0 pH units) when using power level sufficiently low for in vivo imaging. Unlike Eu3+‐DOTAM‐Gly, whose CEST effect decreased with increasing temperature in the physiologic range, the CEST effect of Eu3+‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Phe was optimal at body temperature. A strong linear dependence of the chemical shift of the bound water pool on temperature was observed (0.3 ppm/°C), which was insensitive to pH and agent concentration. Temperature maps with SDs < 1°C were acquired at 9.4T in phantoms containing: 1) phantom A, an aqueous solution of 10 mM Eu3+‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Phe; 2) phantom B, 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 15 mM Eu3+‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Phe; and 3) phantom C, mouse brain tissue with 4 mM Eu3+‐DOTAM‐Gly‐Phe. The temperature sensitivity combined with the high CEST effect observed at low concentration using low saturation power (B1) suggests this compound may be a good choice for in vivo temperature mapping at 9.4T. Magn Reson Med 59:374–381, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An evaluation of an aggression management training program to cope with workplace violence in the healthcare sector
Authors: Oostrom Janneke K. , van Mierlo Heleen 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWorkplace violence is a major occupational hazard for healthcare workers, generating a need for effective intervention programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an aggression management training program. The evaluation design was based on the internal referencing strategy, an unobtrusive and applicable evaluation method that rules out some major threats to internal validity without the need for a control group. On three occasions, training participants completed a questionnaire containing experimental and control variables. As hypothesized, there was a significant improvement in the experimental variables that was larger than the non‐significant change in the control variable. We conclude that aggression management training may be an effective instrument in the fight against workplace violence. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:320–328, 2008
Predicting sexual risk behaviors among adolescent and young women using a prospective diary method
Authors: Morrison‐Beedy Dianne , Carey Michael P. , Feng Changyong , Tu Xin M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe describe the sexual risk behaviors, psychological distress, and substance use of 102 late adolescent girls and identify predictors of protected and unprotected vaginal sex. Participants completed questionnaires assessing hypothesized predictors and then daily behavioral diaries for 12 weeks. Protected intercourse was predicted by baseline sexual behavior, greater knowledge, positive condom attitudes, lower perceived condom‐use difficulty, greater condom‐use intentions, more drinking days, less binge drinking, less Ecstasy use, and lower psychological distress. Unprotected intercourse was predicted by baseline sexual behavior, binge drinking, Ecstasy and opiate use, fewer drinking days, and fewer daily drinks. These findings suggest that psychological distress, substance use, and sexual risk behavior are interconnected and should be considered collectively in interventions for adolescent females. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:329–340, 2008
The role of nursing unit culture in shaping research utilization behaviors
Authors: Scott Shannon D. , Pollock Carolee 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe conducted a focused ethnography of a pediatric critical care unit to examine the role of nursing unit culture related to research utilization. Four significant aspects of the unit culture shaped nurses' research utilization. A hierarchical structure of authority, routinized and technology‐driven work at the bedside, a workplace ethos that discouraged innovation, and an emphasis on clinical experience acted together to teach nurses both that they were to do as they were told and that they were not expected to use research. Nurses perceived that the behaviors expected of them were arbitrarily determined by physicians and managers in charge. Consequently, they were reluctant to step outside of routine and physician‐ordered nursing care. This left little opportunity for research utilization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:298–309, 2008
Analyzing participant produced photographs from an ethnographic study of fatherhood and smoking
Authors: Oliffe J.L. , Bottorff J.L. , Kelly M. , Halpin M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAs part of an ongoing ethnographic study, we examined the photographs and narratives that new fathers produced to ascertain how they created social, psychological, and relational space for continued smoking. A four‐part process for analyzing the photographs consisting of preview, review, cross‐photo comparison, and theorizing revealed how visual data analyses can be used to develop insights into men's health behaviors and beliefs. There is ongoing epistemological debate and methodological uncertainty about how photographic data should be treated in health sciences research. By conducting formal layered analyses, researchers can expand and extend both what is said about, and interpreted through, photographs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:529–539, 2008
The relationship between pain and functional disability in Black and White older adults
Authors: Horgas Ann L. , Yoon Saunjoo L. , Nichols Austin Lee , Marsiske Michael 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this study we examined pain and disability in 115 community‐dwelling, urban, older adults (mean age = 74 years; 52% Black, 48% White). Participants completed a survey of pain (pain presence, intensity, locations, and duration) and disability (Sickness Impact Profile). Sixty percent of the sample reported pain; Black and White adults did not differ on any pain variable. In structural equation models controlling for socioeconomic factors and health, pain did not mediate the relationship between race and disability. Race moderated the pain–disability relationship; pain was more associated with disability among Whites than Blacks. This study highlights the need for greater understanding of health disparities between Black and White older adults as they relate to pain and disability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 31:341–354, 2008
Fiscal institutions of Brazilian municipal borrowing
Authors: Martell Christine R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn an effort to understand subnational borrowing, this article explores how three Brazilian institutions—the 1988 Constitution which mandates revenue and expenditure assignments among the levels of the federation; the national Law of Fiscal Responsibility, which imposes expenditure and debt limitations on all levels and branches of government; and various borrowing arrangements—affect the municipal borrowing environment. These institutions are examined in light of de Mello's (2001) policy recommendations for strengthening efficiency and fiscal discipline in subnational borrowing. The institutions of Brazilian borrowing were found to have some of de Mello's recommendations, with the new Constitution and the Law of Fiscal Responsibility making progress towards increased fiscal responsibility, but the current borrowing arrangements serving to maintain a controlled system that is not conducive to responsible municipal borrowing. Several recommendations are made to improve the borrowing environment and foster fiscal discipline and efficiency Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Political accountability, fiscal conditions and local government performance—cross‐sectional evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Eckardt Sebastian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWhy are some local governments more successful than others in managing resources and delivering services? And even more vitally, how can malfunctioning governments be reformed so that they perform their responsibilities more effectively? This article contributes to our understanding of theses overarching questions by exploring the interactions between political institutions and public sector performance in the context of decentralisation and local governance. It shows–both theoretically and empirically–that performance outcomes are determined by the extent to which people can hold their governments accountable through political institutions. The basic hypothesis underlying this research is that political accountability, either by encouraging sanctions upon non‐compliant public agents or simply by reducing the informational gap regarding government activities, will create forceful incentives for elected officials and civil servants to reduce opportunistic behaviour and improve performance. Using a cross‐sectional regression the hypothesis is empirically tested against evidence from newly empowered local governments in Indonesia. The empirical findings broadly support our hypotheses. Improved public services on the ground, both in terms of quantity and quality, require informed and well functioning decision‐making processes that allocate resources to priority areas that meet the demand of the broader community. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teacher knowledge of and confidence in meeting the needs of children with chronic medical conditions: Pediatric psychology's contribution to education
Authors: Nabors Laura A. , Little Steven G. , Akin‐Little Angeleque , Iobst Emily A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMore children and adolescents who have chronic illnesses are being included in regular education classrooms today than ever before. However, teachers may not feel confident about being able to meet these children's educational, social, or emotional needs in the classroom. School psychologists are able to assess children's functioning in these areas and can provide information to teachers on a case‐by‐case basis to ensure that children with chronic illnesses receive appropriate and comprehensive services at school and are included in regular education settings to the fullest extent possible. This study assessed special education and regular education teachers' perceptions of their knowledge about and confidence in meeting the academic and social needs of children with chronic medical conditions. Two‐hundred and forty‐seven teachers from 15 midwestern elementary schools completed a survey rating their knowledge and confidence in meeting the academic and social needs of children with 13 chronic medical conditions. Special education teachers reported being more knowledgeable than regular education teachers about cerebral palsy, epilepsy, hemophilia, spina bifida, renal failure, and allergies. However, overall, special education teachers were not more confident than regular education teachers in meeting the academic needs of children with chronic medical conditions. Future research should focus on whether experience affects teacher knowledge and confidence and should examine the effectiveness of interventions to improve teacher knowledge for working with children with medical conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychology's contributions to classroom management
Authors: Little Steven G. , Akin‐Little Angeleque 
Published: January 2008

AbstractClassroom management (CRM) has been associated with discipline, control, or other terms that connote reducing unacceptable student behavior. However, CRM involves not merely responding effectively when problems occur, but also preventing problems from occurring by creating environments that encourage learning and appropriate behavior. Teachers' managerial abilities have been found to positively relate to students' behavior and achievement in every process‐product study to date. Researchers have consistently identified the components necessary for effective CRM. However, no one has surveyed working teachers to ascertain the extent to which teachers use the research findings in their classrooms. A survey was developed in order to attempt to answer this question. The survey consisted of three sections asking questions on demographics, classroom rules, and classroom child management. One hundred and forty‐six teachers from U.S. school districts in the Midwest, South, and Southwest were surveyed. Results indicated that, overall, teachers reported the use of appropriate CRM procedures in relatively high frequencies. However, the high percentage of districts reporting the use of corporal punishment was disturbing given the research findings regarding its lack of effectiveness. Along with the presentation of the survey results, this article also discusses how the data on CRM, collected by psychologists, has contributed to improvements in teacher behavior and student achievement and the apparent gap between best practice and actual practice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Psychology and education, together again
Authors: Rosenfield Sylvia 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe relationship between psychology and education has waxed and waned over the past century. In addition, a core issue for psychologists is how to bridge the gap between theory and practice in applied settings such as schools. While acknowledging the work that has been done, it is apparent that the effective dissemination of psychology to education remains a work in progress and a continuing challenge. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanism of excitation and relaxation in Er,O‐codoped GaAs for 1.5 μm light‐emitting devices with extremely stable wavelength
Authors: Fujiwara Yasufumi , Takemoto Shouichi , Tokuno Takehiro , Hidaka Keiji , Ichida Hideki , Suzuki Masato , Terai Yoshikazu , Kanematsu Yasuo , Tonouchi Masayoshi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEnergy‐transfer processes in Er,O‐codoped GaAs (GaAs:Er,O) have been investigated by means of a pump and probe reflection technique. Time‐resolved reflectivity exhibited a characteristic dip; a negative signal due to bandgap renormalization in less than 1 ps and then a gradual recovery. In the recovery process, there were two components, fast and slow. The fast recovery time (several ps) was inversely proportional to Er concentration. The analysis based on a rate equation indicated that it is due to the capture of electrons by charged traps. The slow recovery (30–60 ps) was well coincident with the time (54 ps) predicted theoretically in the framework of a multiphonon‐assisted model. Optical excitation cross section of Er ions in GaAs:Er,O has also been studied in various samples and shown to depend strongly on Er concentration. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of process conditions on gain and loss in GaN:Eu cavities on different substrates
Authors: Park J. H. , Steckl A. J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGaN:Eu laser cavities have been fabricated by MBE growth on several substrates. Gain and loss from Eu stimulated emission have been investigated as a function of several process parameters: Eu concentration, post‐growth anneal and substrate (sapphire, silicon and glass). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Demonstration of ErSiO superlattice crystal waveguide toward optical amplifiers and emitters
Authors: Isshiki H. , Ushiyama T. , Kimura T. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractErSiO superlattice crystal (SC) waveguide is demonstrated. ErSiO‐SC film was formed on a SiO2/Si substrate. After the ErSiO preform formation by sol–gel method, high temperature anneal for the crystallization was performed in Ar atmosphere. Then the ErSiO‐SC layer thickness is 220 nm. Then refractive index of ErSiO‐SC was estimated to be 1.8 by ellipsometry and reflection spectroscopy measurements. To obtain the lateral optical confinement, polymer cladding layer (n = 1.54) was coated on the ErSiO‐SC film and the strip‐loaded structures with 5 μm width were formed by focused ion beam (FIB) etching. The optical confinement factor Γ of the ErSiO‐SC waveguide layer was estimated to be 0.42, assuming the lateral confinement factor was 1 because of the sufficient wide waveguide for the light. Optical pumping was performed by using a 1480 nm laser diode through the lensed fiber. The pumping power is 30 mW at the fiber input. Green light emissions corresponding to 4f intra‐shell transitions from 4S3/2 and 2H11/2 to 4I15/2 in the Er3+ ions, indicating cooperative upconversion in the ErSiO‐SC waveguide, can be observed by using a conventional CCD system at room temperature. The upconversion emission behaviour through the waveguide with a photon trap for the 1480 nm light reveals that the 1480 nm pumping light is well‐confined into the waveguide. The cooperative upconversion as the gain limitting factor in the ErSiO‐SC waveguide are discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Site‐selective spectroscopy of erbium in wide band gap semiconductors
Authors: Kozanecki A. , Glukhanyuk V. , Przybylińska H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper results of site‐selective spectroscopy of Er3+ ions in wide band gap semiconductors, such as cubic and hexagonal GaN, and 6H SiC are presented. Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy was applied to find the Stark splitting pattern of energy levels in the 4I9/2 manifolds. It is shown that in cubic and hexagonal GaN only one center dominates. In the case of wurtzite GaN it is most probably due to Er occupying a Ga site, whereas in the cubic phase point‐charge model calculations suggest a slightly distorted, Td interstitial site. In 6H SiC three different centers were distinguished. The energy level schemes for the 4I9/2 and the ground 4I15/2 states were determined for all three centers, basing on the results of photoluminescence and PLE measurements. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards p‐type ZnO using post‐growth annealing
Authors: Dangbegnon J. K. , Roro K. T. , Botha J. R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on GaAs substrate are investigated. Samples were annealed in two different ambients, namely nitrogen and oxygen, and studied by photoluminescence (PL). Samples annealed in oxygen at 600 °C show arsenic acceptor‐related signatures. The near‐band‐edge emission is dominated by an excitonic feature at 3.355 eV and compensation broadens the spectra. No such changes are observed when similar samples are annealed in nitrogen. The diffusion of arsenic from the GaAs substrate appears to be a source of acceptors. This effect is enhanced in an oxygen atmosphere. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The development of room temperature LEDs and lasers for the mid‐infrared spectral range
Authors: Krier A. , Yin M. , Smirnov V. , Batty P. , Carrington P. J. , Solovev V. , Sherstnev V. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThere are many applications for mid‐infrared light sources which has stimulated intensive research into the physics and technology of narrow gap materials and devices. In this article we give an overview of the development of mid‐infrared LEDs and diode lasers being studied in our laboratory. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of ZnO as a perspective material for photonics
Authors: Khranovskyy V. , Yazdi G. R. , Lashkarev G. , Ulyashin A. , Yakimova R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEmissive properties of ZnO are of great interests in terms of the UV LED device design. The persistent “green” luminescence due to deep defect is an obstacle for obtaining an intense UV emission, expected from ZnO. We report the positive role of thermally diffused H toward quenching the defect emission in ZnO. It is suggested that hydrogen passivates defects responsible for DLE, resulting in efficient near band edge luminescence. As‐grown ZnO/SiNx:H/Si films, deposited at 350 °C demonstrate intense narrow peaks of UV emission at 380 nm and a ratio of emission intensities, NBE/DLE ≈ 42. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)