bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of nausea and vomiting on women: a burden of early pregnancy
Authors: Smith Caroline , Crowther Caroline , Beilby Justin , Dandeaux Jenny 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Nausea and vomiting are troublesome symptoms occurring in the first trimester of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to describe the impact these symptoms have on women in early pregnancy by interviewing, using a structured questionnaire, 593 pregnant women presenting with nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy. The women were asked to complete the Rhodes index of nausea and vomiting and the MOS 36 Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36).Symptoms of nausea and vomiting started early in pregnancy. Nausea was the most troublesome symptom experienced by women, both in its duration and intensity. Low scores for the SF‐36 were found for all items, particularly physical functioning, energy and social functioning. The women described substantial effects on working, household duties and parenting activities.Findings from this study suggest nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy has a profound impact on women's general sense of well‐being and day to day life activities.
Incisionless cystourethropexy‐the Intac device‐an initial experience
Authors: MacGibbon Anne , Brieger Geoffrey , Korda Andrew 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYOur aim was to evaluate a new minimally invasive device for the treatment of genuine stress incontinence in women by both objective and subjective measures of outcome. Fifteen women with Type I or Type II urinary stress incontinence were treated with a new per vaginal bone anchor device designed to fix periurethral tissues to the pubic bone. No patients had significant operative morbidity. After 6–13 months a follow‐up questionnaire and repeat urodynamic testing was performed for all the women. Subjectively 73% of patients had improvement in symptoms and on urodynamic testing 53% of patients were cured.
Antenatal exercise and birthweight
Authors: Bell Robin , Palma Sonia 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYDoes strenuous antenatal exercise reduce birth‐weight? Does reducing maternal exercise increase birthweight? What to advise about exercise during pregnancy?We recruited 117 women who intended to exercise 5 or more times weekly during pregnancy to a study of whether reducing the amount of maternal exercise during pregnancy is associated with an increase in birthweight. Only 61/117 (52%) of women agreed to be randomised to either continue or to reduce (to 3 or fewer sessions of exercise weekly) their intended pregnancy exercise program. Most women who refused randomisation did not want to risk being asked to reduce their exercise during pregnancy.Within the randomised trial, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean birthweight of babies born to women who continued and those who reduced their intended exercise program. The high rate of refusal of randomisation limits the power of the study to find a difference in birthweight, limits the generalisability of the results and shows that many women intending to exercise at this level during pregnancy have an uncompromising attitude to exercise.
Plasma HIV‐1 RNA viral load and serum vitamin A and E levels in HIV‐1 infected pregnant women
Authors: Phuapradit Winit , Panburana Panyu , Jaovlsidha Adithep , Puchaiwatananon Orawan , Chantratita Wasun , Bhodhiphala Pisamai , Pairoj Wantanit 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to assess the correlation between plasma HIV‐1 RNA viral load and serum vitamin A and E concentrations and vitamin E/cholesterol ratio in HIV‐1 infected pregnant women not receiving antiretroviral therapy. There were no significant correlations between plasma HIV‐1 RNA viral load and serum vitamin A and E concentrations and vitamin E/cholesterol ratio. However, the presence of underlying vitamin A deficiency in these pregnant women was common.
An unusual case of choriocarcinoma following live term pregnancy
Authors: Sood Madhoolika , Sangwaan Krishna , Sherwaal Vinita , Marwah Sanjay , Sen Rajeev 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYPost‐term choriocarcinoma is an infrequent event with poor prognosis. The diagnosis is usually delayed due to failure to recognise the mode of presentation of this disease. Being a rare occurrence. limited data is available regarding its clinical features. The choriocarcinoma in our patient presented as an isolated huge pedunculated growth over the uterine serosa without intrauterine involvement and distant metastasis.
Team midwife care: maternal and infant outcomes
Authors: Waldenström Ulla , McLachlan Helen , Forster Delia , Brennecke Shaun , Brown Stephanie 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The aim of this study was to add additional information on intervention rates and maternal and infant outcomes of team midwife care to previous reports which have suggested this model of care can be associated with a reduction in medical interventions during labour and birth with no statistically significant influence on maternal and infant outcomes.The study was designed as a randomised controlled trial, with 495 women randomised to team midwife care being compared to 505 women randomsed to standard care.The study revealed no statistical differences between team midwife care and standard care in medical interventions, maternal health and infant health. These findings suggest that team midwifery as it is practised in this study is a safe alternative for women.
Abnormal uterine artery Doppler in small‐for‐gestational‐age pregnancies is associated with later hypertension
Authors: McCowan Lesley ME , North Robyn A , Harding Jane E 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYIn a cohort of normotensive small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) pregnancies, we aimed to determine the prevalence of later preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. We hypothesised that (i) uterine artery Doppler abnormalities would increase in severity from those with normotension to gestational hypertension to preeclampsia and (ii) the severity of uterine artery Doppler abnormalities would be related to the severity of fetal disease.Serial uterine and umbilical artery Doppler studies were performed on 224 normotensive women with SGA pregnancies, from detection of SGA until delivery. Outcomes were compared between groups that remained normotensive (n = 174) and those that developed gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.Of the women studied, 50 (22%) subsequently developed hypertension [(3% (n = 8) preeclampsia, 19% (n = 42) gestational hypertension)) at a median (interquartile range) of 19 (12 32) days after recog nition of SGA. Mean uterine artery resistance indices (RI) increased from women who remained normotensive (n = 174) to those who later developed gestational hypertension or preeclampsia [0.51 <SD 0.09), 0.55 (0.09), 0.62 (0.13), p < 0.001). as did the proportion of abnormal uterine RI (33%. 39%, 88%. p = 0.007) and umbilical RI (28%. 40%. 75% p = 0 007). Mean uterine RI correlated negatively with z score birthweight (R2= 0.069. p < 0.001) and positively with umbilical RI (R‐ = 0.16. p < 0.001).
The current status of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kovacs Gabor , Wood Carl 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYThe importance of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has recently received much publicity. Whereas previously it was thought simply to be a disorder which was characterised by irregular ovulation, there is now evidence to show that it is a systemic metabolic disease determined genetically and inherited. As well as treating the presenting problem which, for gynaecologists is usually one of irregular menstruation and anovulation, or sometimes signs of hyperandrogenism, we believe that women should also be screened for their lipid status and insulin resistance.Advice on behaviour modification such as increased exercise and dietary adjustment should be recommended in addition to the treatment for ovulation induction. In the future, the use of insulin sensitising agents may become important in the treatment of PCOS.
Neonatal pneumococcal sepsis in association with fatal maternal pneumococcal sepsis
Authors: Hughes Brian R , Mercer Joanne L , Gosbell Iain B 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYA live male infant was born at 37 weeks' gestation after a normal pregnancy to a 34‐year‐old mother. The baby developed bacteraemia with Streptococcus pneumoniae and recovered completely following treatment with antibiotics. The mother simultaneously developed bacteraemia with the same organism and died from septic shock. Blood culture isolates from mother and child were both serogroup 23E and were shown to be identical by DNA fingerprinting. The literature reports rare cases of vaginal carriage and/or endometritis with this organism resulting in neonatal sepsis. Transmission to the neonate may have been ascending or haematogenous. A postmortem examination was refused.
Differential effects of hyaluronan and its fragments on fibroblasts: Relation to wound healing
Authors: David‐Raoudi Maha , Tranchepain Frédéric , Deschrevel Brigitte , Vincent Jean‐Claude , Bogdanowicz Patrick , Boumediene Karim , Pujol Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTHyaluronan (HA) is involved in wound healing and its biological properties depend on its molecular size. The effects of native HA and HA‐12 and HA‐880 saccharide fragments on human fibroblast proliferation and expression of matrix‐related genes were studied. The three HA forms promoted cell adhesion and proliferation. Matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and ‐3 mRNA were increased by all HA forms, whereas only HA‐12 stimulated the expression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1. HA‐12 enhanced type I collagen and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) 1 expression. Interestingly, HA‐12 and native HA stimulated type III collagen and TGF‐β3. HA and its fragments activated Akt and extracellular‐regulated kinases 1/2 and p38. Inhibition of these signaling pathways suggested their implication in most of the effects. Only native HA activated nuclear factor‐κB and activating protein 1. Use of CD44 siRNA suggests that this HA receptor is partly implicated in the effects, although it does not rule out the involvement of other receptors. Depending on its size, HA may exert differential regulation on the wound‐healing process. Furthermore, the HA up‐regulation of type III collagen and TGF‐β3 expression suggests that it may promote a fetal‐like cell environment that favors scarless healing.
Garnet–clinopyroxene intermediate granulites in the St. Leonhard massif of the Bohemian Massif: ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism at high pressure or not?
Authors: RACEK M. , ŠTÍPSKÁ P. , POWELL R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGarnet–clinopyroxene intermediate granulites occur as thin layers within garnet–kyanite–K–feldspar felsic granulites of the St. Leonhard granulite body in the Bohemian Massif. They consist of several domains. One domain consists of coarser‐grained coexisting ternary feldspar, clinopyroxene, garnet, quartz and accessory rutile and zircon. The garnet has 16–20% grossular, and the clinopyroxene has 9% jadeite and contains orthopyroxene exsolution lamellae. Reintegrated ternary feldspar and the Zr‐in‐rutile thermometer give temperatures higher than 950 °C. Mineral equilibria modelling suggests crystallization at 14 kbar. The occurrence and preservation of this mineral assemblage is consistent with crystallization from hot dry melt. Between these domains is a finer‐grained deformed matrix made up of diopsidic clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, plagioclase and K‐feldspar, apparently produced by reworking of the coarser‐grained domains. Embedded in this matrix, and pre‐dating the reworking deformation, are garnet porphyroblasts that contain clinopyroxene, feldspar, quartz, rutile and zircon inclusions. In contrast with the garnet in the coarser‐grained domains, the garnet generally has >30% grossular, the included clinopyroxene has 7–27% jadeite and the Zr content of rutile indicates much lower temperatures. Some of these high‐grossular garnet show zoning in Fe/(Fe + Mg), decreasing from 0.7 in the core to 0.6 and then increasing to 0.7 at the rim. These garnet are enigmatic, but with reference to appropriate pseudosections are consistent with localized new mineral growth from 650 to 850 °C and 10 to 17 kbar, or with equilibration at 20 kbar and 770 °C, modified by two‐stage diffusional re‐equilibration of rims, at 10–15 and 8 kbar. The strong pervasive deformation has obscured relationships that might have aided the interpretation of the origin of these porphyroblasts. The evolution of these rocks is consistent with formation by igneous crystallization and subsequent metamorphism to high‐T and high‐P, rather than an origin by ultrahigh‐T metamorphism. Regarding the petrographic complexity, combination of the high grossular garnet with the ternary feldspar to infer ultrahigh‐T metamorphism at high pressure is not justified.
Seasonal growth, erosion rates, and nitrogen and photosynthetic ecophysiology of Undaria pinnatifida (Heterokontophyta) in southern New Zealand1
Authors: Dean Paul R. , Hurd Catriona L. 
Published: February 2008

The goal of this study was to examine growth, erosion rates, and the photosynthetic and nitrogen ecophysiology of the invasive seaweed Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Suringar. Sporophytes of U. pinnatifida that appeared in Otago Harbour, southeastern New Zealand, in late autumn (May) 1996 were tagged, and their growth rates followed until the onset of senescence in early summer (November 1996). Blade growth rates were maximal between May and August when they ranged from 0.77 ± 0.05 to 0.93 ± 0.05 cm · d−1 and declined from September onward. In laboratory experiments, U. pinnatifida took up nitrate and ammonium simultaneously at rates ranging from 21.3 ± 2.1 to 179.3 ± 65.1 μmol · g−1 dry weight (dwt) · h−1. When monthly patterns of growth rate, seawater inorganic nitrogen, nitrogen uptake kinetics, soluble tissue nitrate, % tissue carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and C:N ratio were considered together, there was no evidence that N limited the growth of U. pinnatifida. Furthermore, the photosynthetic parameters Pmax, α, Ek, Ec, and Rd derived from P versus E curves indicated that the growth of U. pinnatifida was not light limited, and that the population could potentially grow deeper than its observed location at 4 m depth. Nitrogen and light ecophysiological parameters of U. pinnatifida more closely resemble those of small, ephemeral seaweeds, such as Ulva, than other members of the Laminariales. We suggest that a “plastic” physiology may allow U. pinnatifida sporophytes to match their physiology to a range of environments, which is one reason for its success as an invasive seaweed.
Development of a Tool for Eliciting Patient Priority from Among Competing Cardiovascular Disease, Medication‐Symptoms, and Fall Injury Outcomes
Authors: Tinetti Mary E. , McAvay Gail J. , Fried Terri R. , Foody JoAnne M. , Bianco Luann , Ginter Sandra , Fraenkel Liana 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVES: To develop a choice task for eliciting priorities in the face of competing cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, medication‐related symptoms, and fall injuries.DESIGN: Conjoint analysis.SETTING: Senior housing site.PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 15 senior housing residents for the pretest, 13 residents for the pilot test.MEASUREMENTS: The final task included 11 sets of choices. In each, one option optimized the risk of one or two of the three outcomes at the expense of the other(s); the second option did the reverse. Relative importance scores for CVD, fall injury, and medication‐symptom outcomes were calculated. Reliability was assessed for two administrations using intraclass correlations (ICCs). Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to evaluate order effects.RESULTS: The ICCs between choice task administrations were 0.70 for fall injuries, 0.73 for medication symptoms, and 0.56 for CVD outcomes. The ICCs with removal of two outliers were 0.84, 0.72, and 0.84, respectively. Whether CVD or fall injuries appeared first had no effect on scores.CONCLUSION: Preliminary evidence of comprehensibility and reliability supports using the choice task to determine whether individuals' priorities differ in the face of competing outcomes.
Associations Between Lower Extremity Ischemia, Upper and Lower Extremity Strength, and Functional Impairment with Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: McDermott Mary M. , Tian Lu , Ferrucci Luigi , Liu Kiang , Guralnik Jack M. , Liao Yihua , Pearce William H. , Criqui Michael H. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVES: To identify associations between lower extremity ischemia and leg strength, leg power, and hand grip in persons with and without lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). To determine whether poorer strength may mediate poorer lower extremity performance in persons with lower arterial brachial index (ABI) levels.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional.SETTING: Academic medical centers.PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred twenty‐four persons with PAD and 271 without PAD.MEASUREMENTS: Isometric knee extension and plantarflexion strength and handgrip strength were measured using a computer‐linked strength chair. Knee extension power was measured using the Nottingham leg rig. ABI, 6‐minute walk, and usual and fastest 4‐m walking velocity were measured. Results were adjusted for potential confounders.RESULTS: Lower ABI values were associated with lower plantarflexion strength (P trend=.04) and lower knee extension power (P trend <.001). There were no significant associations between ABI and handgrip or knee extension isometric strength. Significant associations between ABI and measures of lower extremity performance were attenuated after additional adjustment for measures of strength.CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lower extremity ischemia impairs strength specifically in distal lower extremity muscles. Associations between lower extremity ischemia and impaired lower extremity strength may mediate associations between lower ABI values and greater functional impairment.
Influence Tactics in the Classroom and Their Relationship to Student Satisfaction*
Authors: Standifird Stephen S. , Pons Frank , Moshavi Dan 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTWe argue that an instructor's use of influence tactics can be classified as soft, rational, and strong in nature and that the use of these tactics will have a differential impact on student satisfaction. We find support for the existence of the three categories of influence. We find that student satisfaction is positively influenced by the use of soft and rational tactics, but is uninfluenced by the use of strong tactics.
Left Atrial Posterior Wall Thickness in Patients with and without Atrial Fibrillation: Data from 298 Consecutive Autopsies
Authors: PLATONOV PYOTR G. , IVANOV VITALY , HO SIEW YEN , MITROFANOVA LUBOV 
Published: February 2008

Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with energy delivery on the posterior left atrial (LA) wall with small but significant risk of life‐threatening complications. Anatomy of LA walls has been described, but wall thickness in patients with AF has not been studied systematically. The aim of the present study was to describe LA posterior wall thickness in patients with and without history of AF. Methods and Results: Heart mass and LA wall thickness was measured during 298 consecutive autopsies (142 male, age 61 ± 17 years). LA posterior wall was measured at three levels: between the superior pulmonary veins (SPV), in the center of the posterior LA wall (CPV), and between the inferior pulmonary veins (IPV). Information about AF history was obtained from medical records. Fifty‐nine subjects (20%) had documented AF. They were older than subjects without AF (74 ± 10 years vs 58 ± 17 years, P < 0.0001) and had greater heart mass (522 ± 114 g vs 389 ± 99 g, P < 0.0001). LA posterior wall thickness increased from the most superior to the most inferior measured level (2.3 ± 0.9 mm vs 2.5 ± 1.0 mm vs 2.9 ± 1.3 mm for SPV, CPV, and IPV, respectively; P < 0.001). Subjects with AF history had thinner LA posterior wall at CPV and IPV compared with those without AF. Conclusions: LA posterior wall thickness is described on a large series of consecutive autopsies. LA posterior wall is found to be generally thinner in patients with history of AF. Study results have clinical implications for understanding complication risk and improvement of safety of AF ablation procedures.
Time‐Dependence of Appropriate Implantable Defibrillator Therapy in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: ALSHEIKH‐ALI ALAWI A. , HOMER MICHAEL , MADDUKURI PRASAD V. , KALSMITH BENJAMIN , ESTES N. A. MARK , LINK MARK S. 
Published: February 2008

Introduction: Little is known about the risk of appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy outside the context of controlled clinical trials where routine practice patients are followed for longer durations and questions of device replacement frequently arise. We assessed the incidence and time‐dependence of appropriate ICD therapy in a routine clinical practice primary prevention population with prior myocardial infarction (MI) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods and Results: Patients with prior MI and LVEF ≤35%, who received an ICD at our institution (1995–2005) for primary prevention, were identified. Incidence and time‐dependence of first appropriate ICD therapy for ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and rapid VA (cycle length ≤260 ms) were determined. Of 525 ICD recipients for primary prevention, 115 (22%) had appropriate ICD therapy. Incidence of first appropriate ICD therapy was highest in the first year postimplant (20%), decreased to 12% in year 2, and remained at 6–11% yearly thereafter. A similar trend was observed with rapid VA, a higher risk in the first year (6%), and a lower but persistent risk thereafter (3.8% in year 7). Conclusion: In a routine clinical practice primary prevention population with prior MI and LVEF ≤35%, the incidence of first ICD therapy for VA, including potentially life‐threatening VA, is highest in the first year postimplant, and persists for up to seven years thereafter. Risk of first appropriate ICD therapy persists over time, and thus replacement of ICDs appears to be indicated for all patients.
Stature Estimation Based on Dimensions of the Bony Pelvis and Proximal Femur*
Authors: Giroux Carolyn L. , Wescott Daniel J. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract:  Pelin et al. recently showed that sacral height measured on lateral magnetic resonance images can be used with moderate accuracy to reconstruct stature in males. In most forensic anthropological cases, however, sacral dimensions must be obtained from dry bones. In this study, the relationship between stature and sacral height, hip height, and femur head diameter measured on dry bone was evaluated for American Blacks and Whites of both sexes (n = 247). There are significant correlation between stature and these three dimensions, but the results suggest that none of the dimensions predict stature with the accuracy needed to be useful in forensic anthropological investigations.
Sudden Death in Toddlers Caused By Influenza B Infection: A Report of Two Cases and a Review of the Literature*
Authors: Landi Kristen K. , Coleman Andrea T. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract:Sudden fatal cases of influenza B infection in a 4‐year‐old girl and a 2‐year‐old boy are presented. Both children complained of abdominal pain without respiratory, neurologic or cardiac symptoms; additionally the girl had vomiting within 2 days of death. Autopsy revealed histological changes in the respiratory system consistent with a viral infection. Influenza B infection was identified by immunohistochemistry in the girl and real‐time polymerase chain reaction in the boy. Additional testing including cultures, toxicology, and screening for metabolic disorders were negative. These cases illustrate the usefulness of viral testing, especially for influenza, in the medical legal autopsy of children even when the classic respiratory symptoms of flu are lacking.