bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pump and sway: Wild primates use compliant supports as a tool to augment leaping in the canopy
Authors: Janisch Judith , Myers Lydia C. , Schapker Nicole , Kirven Jack , Shapiro Liza J. , Young Jesse W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesDespite qualitative observations of wild primates pumping branches before leaping across gaps in the canopy, most studies have suggested that support compliance increases the energetic cost of arboreal leaping, thus limiting leaping performance. In this study, we quantified branch pumping behavior and tree swaying in wild primates to test the hypothesis that these behaviors improve leaping performance.Materials and MethodsWe recorded wild colobine monkeys crossing gaps in the canopy and quantitatively tracked the kinematics of both the monkey and the compliant support during behavioral sequences. We also empirically measured the compliance of a sample of locomotor supports in the monkeys' natural habitat, allowing us to quantify the resonant properties of substrates used during leaping.ResultsAnalyses of three recordings show that adult red colobus monkeys (Piliocolobus tephrosceles) use branch compliance to their advantage by actively pumping branches before leaping, augmenting their vertical velocity at take‐off. Quantitative modeling of branch resonance periods, based on empirical measurements of support compliance, suggests that monkeys specifically employed branch pumping on relatively thin branches with protracted periods of oscillation. Finally, an additional four recordings show that both red colobus and black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) utilize tree swaying to cross large gaps, augmenting horizontal velocity at take‐off.DiscussionThis deliberate branch manipulation to produce a mechanical effect for stronger propulsion is consistent with the framework of instrumental problem‐solving. To our knowledge, this is the first study of wild primates which quantitatively shows how compliant branches can be used advantageously to augment locomotor performance.
Korrepondenz zu “Structure of Violet Phosphorus and Its Phosphorene Exfoliation”
Authors: Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDie Struktur, die in der im Titel genannten Publikation beschrieben wird (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 1074–1080), ist identisch zu der Struktur, die bereits 1969 von Thurn und Krebs veröffentlicht wurde und ist daher keine neue Modifikation.
Modular Weaving DNAzyme in Skeleton of DNA Nanocages for Photoactivatable Catalytic Activity Regulation
Authors: Zhao Hengzhi , Yi Deyu , Li Lele , Zhao Yuliang , Li Mengyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDNAzymes exhibit tremendous application potentials in the field of biosensing and gene regulation due to its unique catalytic function. However, spatiotemporally controlled regulation of DNAzyme activity remains a daunting challenge, which may cause nonspecific signal leakage or gene silencing of the catalytic systems. Here, we report a photochemical approach via modular weaving active DNAzyme into the skeleton of tetrahedral DNA nanocages (TDN) for light‐triggered on‐demand liberation of DNAzyme and thus conditional control of gene regulation activity. We demonstrate that the direct encoding of DNAzyme in TDN could improve the biostability of DNAzyme and ensure the delivery efficiency, comparing with the conventional surface anchoring strategy. Furthermore, the molecular weaving of the DNA nanostructures allows remote control of DNAzyme‐mediated gene regulation with high spatiotemporal precision of light. In addition, we demonstrate that the approach is applicable for controlled regulation of the gene editing functions of other functional nucleic acids.
On human cruelty
Authors: Akhtar Salman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCruelty as a character trait and as a large‐group praxis has existed from times immemorial. It is witnessed among all religious, ethnic, and national groups. A complex phenomenon, cruelty has five features that refer to its being (i) destructive, (ii) intentional, (iii) pleasurable to the perpetrator, (iv) inhumane, and (v) unethical. The etiology of cruelty is complex and involves myriad biopsychosocial variables. Attempts at its amelioration center upon education, empathy‐building, and victim‐empowerment. All such proposals are thoroughly elucidated and illustrated with the help of clinical vignettes and socio‐historical events.
Geographic And Taxonomic Occurrence R‐based Scrubbing (gatoRs): An R package and workflow for processing biodiversity data
Authors: Patten Natalie N. , Gaynor Michelle L. , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPremiseDigitized biodiversity data offer extensive information; however, obtaining and processing biodiversity data can be daunting. Complexities arise during data cleaning, such as identifying and removing problematic records. To address these issues, we created the R package Geographic And Taxonomic Occurrence R‐based Scrubbing (gatoRs).Methods and ResultsThe gatoRs workflow includes functions that streamline downloading records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio). We also created functions to clean downloaded specimen records. Unlike previous R packages, gatoRs accounts for differences in download structure between GBIF and iDigBio and allows for user control via interactive cleaning steps.ConclusionsOur pipeline enables the scientific community to process biodiversity data efficiently and is accessible to the R coding novice. We anticipate that gatoRs will be useful for both established and beginning users. Furthermore, we expect our package will facilitate the introduction of biodiversity‐related concepts into the classroom via the use of herbarium specimens.
New approaches for low phototoxicity imaging of living cells and tissues
Authors: Kasprzycka Wiktoria , Szumigraj Wiktoria , Wachulak Przemysław , Trafny Elżbieta Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool used in scientific and medical research, but it is inextricably linked to phototoxicity. Neglecting phototoxicity can lead to erroneous or inconclusive results. Recently, several reports have addressed this issue, but it is still underestimated by many researchers, even though it can lead to cell death. Phototoxicity can be reduced by appropriate microscopic techniques and carefully designed experiments. This review focuses on recent strategies to reduce phototoxicity in microscopic imaging of living cells and tissues. We describe digital image processing and new hardware solutions. We point out new modifications of microscopy methods and hope that this review will interest microscopy hardware engineers. Our aim is to underscore the challenges and potential solutions integral to the design of microscopy systems. Simultaneously, we intend to engage biologists, offering insight into the latest technological advancements in imaging that can enhance their understanding and practice.
Use of interactive mathematical simulations in Fundamentals of Biochemistry, a LibreText online educational resource, to promote understanding of dynamic reactions
Authors: Jakubowski Henry V. , Agnew Henry , Jardine Bartholomew , Sauro Herbert M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiology is perhaps the most complex of the sciences, given the incredible variety of chemical species that are interconnected in spatial and temporal pathways that are daunting to understand. Their interconnections lead to emergent properties such as memory, consciousness, and recognition of self and non‐self. To understand how these interconnected reactions lead to cellular life characterized by activation, inhibition, regulation, homeostasis, and adaptation, computational analyses and simulations are essential, a fact recognized by the biological communities. At the same time, students struggle to understand and apply binding and kinetic analyses for the simplest reactions such as the irreversible first‐order conversion of a single reactant to a product. This likely results from cognitive difficulties in combining structural, chemical, mathematical, and textual descriptions of binding and catalytic reactions. To help students better understand dynamic reactions and their analyses, we have introduced two kinds of interactive graphs and simulations into the online educational resource, Fundamentals of Biochemistry, a LibreText biochemistry book. One is available for simple binding and kinetic reactions. The other displays progress curves (concentrations vs. time) for simple reactions and complex metabolic and signal transduction pathways. Users can move sliders to change dissociation and kinetic constants as well as initial concentrations and see instantaneous changes in the graphs. They can also export data into a spreadsheet for further processing, such as producing derivative Lineweaver‐Burk and traditional Michaelis–Menten graphs of initial velocity (v0) versus substrate concentration.
Dynamic map‐making technology and the application in geographic information science
Authors: Wanwu Li , Lin Liu , Hui Zhang , Jinhong Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe dynamic map is applied instead of traditional static maps in the teaching of geographic information science (GIS)‐related majors so as to meet the need for teaching animations and teaching interaction in new teaching methods such as mobile personalized learning, massive open online course, and Flipped Classroom. The research introduces the concept and the making tools of dynamic maps, studies the making principles and key technologies of dynamic maps, and constructs the relevant theories such as the “frame” model based on time granularity, the dynamic interpolation algorithm based on spatial characteristics, dynamic symbolic logic model, and algorithm. Based on the above principles and theories, taking a dynamic map of the change in the population of each city in Shandong province as an example, the research demonstrates the making method and process of the dynamic maps for teaching with Flash MX. At last, it analyzes the role of dynamic map in GIS‐related courses teaching and evaluates the teaching effect of dynamic maps.
Advanced Hybrid Molecular Imprinted Polymers for Antibiotics Remediation from Wastewater
Authors: Mumtaz Fatima , Atif Muhammad , Naz Farah , Li Baosong , Wang Kean , AlShehhi Maryam Rashed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncreasing contamination of water bodies with antibiotics has necessitated the development of novel mitigation methods. Many studies have applied adsorption and photocatalytic processes using different nanoparticles, metal‐organic frameworks, etc., as sorbents and photocatalysts for antibiotics removal. Among these materials, the development of molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) is desirable owing to their low cost, structural predictability, detection at deficient concentrations, and versatile applicability. These attributes further encouraged researchers to fabricate hybrid MIP‐based materials to abate antibiotic contamination in wastewater. This review summarizes recent studies that deal with conventional and hybrid MIPs such as MIPs‐hybrid carbon nanomaterials, magnetic nanomaterials, advanced MIP‐based sensors, and photocatalytic materials MIPs for synergic adsorption/separation of antibiotic residuals from wastewater. Economic perspectives of the emerging hybrid materials are also discussed. Some limitations, research gaps, and future potentials for further advancement and efficient remediation results are outlined.
Management of an undetectable Diverticular Bleed: A Case Report and Literature review
Authors: Rentiya Zubir S. , Palle Lokeshwar Raaju Addi , Emmanuel Sanni , Shah Heeya , Adegbite Abiodun , Chu Carredo Carlo Kristian , Blanco Montecino Ronald Mauricio , Asfeen Ummul Z. , Hussain Akbar , Akuma Ogbonnaya , Khan Aadil Mahmood , Kelechi Anasonye Emmanuel 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageDiverticular bleeding is the most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and accounts for 20.8%–41.6% of cases in the Western world. Management involves initial resuscitation followed by diagnostic assessment. Colonoscopy is the investigation of choice as it localizes the bleed and has the potential to effectively deliver therapeutic interventions. Other diagnostic modalities include flexible sigmoidoscopy, a tagged red blood cell scan, or angiography. In cases where the bleeding source cannot be identified, intraoperative enteroscopy has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating obscure gastroenterology bleeds in specific patients. In this case report, we describe the management of a 77‐year‐old male with recently diagnosed pan‐colonic diverticulosis who presented with multiple episodes of rectal bleeding and syncope. Due to his declining hemodynamic status and failed endoscopy and embolization, he was taken to surgery for a colectomy. Intraoperative colonoscopy was utilized to facilitate accurate identification of the pathology, assessment of anastomotic patency, and detection of surgical complications. This case report attempts to portray how the incorporation of endo‐videoscopy into surgical planning has the potential to enhance patient outcomes and represent a significant advancement in the field of minimally invasive surgery.
Infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm ligation and revascularisation: A case report
Authors: Alhewy Mohammed Alsagheer , Ghazala Ehab Abd Elmoneim , Gado Hassan , Abd‐Elgawad Wael Abdo Abdo , Khamis Ahmed Atef 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageAlthough ligating femoral pseudoaneurysm is a safe procedure, some cases require revascularization, and the appropriate treatment should be tailored to the patient.AbstractIn this case report, we highlight the challenge in treating infected femoral artery pseudoaneurysm. The patient, a 37‐year‐old male intravenous drug abuser, presented to the emergency department with a 2‐month history of a progressively growing lump over his right groin. Two days before the presentation the swelling became hot and painful. After physical examination, it was revealed that the localized swelling is about 15 × 15 cm in size. It is pulsating, expanding in all directions, moving from side to side, and has been reduced in size due to proximal artery compression with the inflamed overlying skin causing slight flexion of the right hip joint and there was serosanguineous discharge as well. The affected leg was warm with intact motor and sensory function, palpable femoral, and popliteal arterial pulses, but non‐palpable left posterior tibial and anterior tibial arterial pulses, both of which had triphasic wave signals on a portable hand‐held Doppler (there was below knee marked edema). CT angiography (CTA) revealed a large well‐defined heterogeneous cystic structure at the right groin with an average diameter of 11 × 10 × 9 cm, with a connection with the common femoral artery. After proximal and distal control, excision of the infected femoral pseudoaneurysm, a swab was taken, and ligation of the common femoral artery superficial femoral artery, and profunda femoral artery. No signals were detected on the posterior or anterior tibial arteries by hand‐held Doppler and oxygen saturation on the big toe was markedly decreased, so we did an extra‐anatomic lateral ilio‐femoral anastomosis using silver‐impregnated vascular graft.
PROTOCOL: Factors influencing the implementation of non‐pharmacological interventions for behaviours and psychological symptoms of dementia in residential aged care homes: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Ayeno Hunduma Dinsa , Kassie Gizat M. , Atee Mustafa , Nguyen Tuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review. The objectives are as follows. This paper aims to describe a protocol for a systematic review that will synthesise the qualitative evidence regarding factors influencing the implementation of non‐pharmacological interventions (NPIs) for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) management in residential aged care homes (RACHs). The planned systematic review aims to answer the research question: ‘What are the factors influencing the implementation of NPIs in the management of BPSD at RACHs?’. Additionally, the planned systematic review also aims to generate recommendations to guide stakeholders (e.g., clinicians and aged care staff) and policymakers in the implementation of NPIs for managing BPSD at RACHs.
Remediation of petroleum‐contaminated soil by Fenton oxidation–pyrolysis
Authors: Gu Meixia , Zhou Guangxue , Zhu Wei , Guo Shuhai , Dong Jianing , Tian Lingyan , Dai Hongbo , Kong Dehui , Yin Xiaoshuang , Lou Bin , Wen Fushan , Shi Nan , Liu Dong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPetroleum‐contaminated soil (PCS) is urgently to be remediated due to its risk to ecological environment and human health. In this study, a Fenton oxidation–pyrolysis strategy was employed to accomplish effective petroleum removal and PCS remediation. The highest total petroleum hydrocarbon removal efficiency could achieve 99.6% after 2 h Fenton oxidation, with H2O2/Fe2+, 6:1, and pH 3, followed by pyrolysis at 370°C. The organic compositions of the soil after Fenton oxidation, the kinetics and process of the pyrolysis, morphologies and structures of the treated soil, as well as energy consumption and cost savings were comprehensively researched and analyzed. Through the Fenton oxidation–pyrolysis treatment, the macromolecules were effectively degraded and the contents of asphaltenes and resins were significantly reduced in the soil. Graphitized carbon was dominatingly existed after the pyrolysis. A 1.5 order reaction model was proposed to reasonably describe the pyrolysis remediation process of PCS. The Fenton oxidation–pyrolysis treatment can reduce energy consumption and cost compared with pyrolysis alone. This work not only offered an alternative approach of PCS remediation, but also provided theoretical guidance for practical soil remediation.
Clinical Pharmacology of GP40321 (Insulin Glulisine Biosimilar): Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Comparability in a Hyperinsulinemic‐Euglycemic Clamp Procedure
Authors: Koksharova Ekaterina , Drai Roman , Noskov Sergei , Dorotenko Artem , Protsenko Ekaterina , Radaeva Kseniia , Arefeva Anna , Gefen Maria , Galstyan Gagik , Makarenko Igor 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of T‐glu (GP40321, test drug), and reference insulin glulisine in a hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp procedure. During this study, 34 healthy male volunteers underwent the hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp procedure following subcutaneous 0.3 U/kg injection of T‐glu or reference insulin glulisine in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study. Plasma glucose levels were monitored every 5 minutes for 8 hours. Glucose infusion rate adjustment was based on the blood glucose measurements. Evaluation of PD was performed using the glucose infusion rate values, while PK was calculated using insulin concentrations measured via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The study results showed that the 90% CI for the geometric mean ratios of primary PK and PD of T‐glu and reference insulin glulisine were within 80%‐125% comparability limits, and that the safety profiles were comparable. PK, PD, and safety similarity of T‐glu and reference insulin glulisine was demonstrated.
Effect of Surface Functional Groups on the Electronic Behavior and Optical Spectra of Mn2N Based MXenes
Authors: Ul Haq Bakhtiar , Kim Se‐Hun , Rasool Chaudhry Aijaz , AlFaify S. , Butt Faheem K. , Tahir S. A. , Ahmed R. , Laref A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe extensive applications of MXenes, a novel type of layered materials known for their favorable characteristics, have sparked significant interest. This research focuses on investigating the influence of surface functionalization on the behavior of Mn2NTx (Tx=O2, F2) MXenes monolayers using the “Density functional theory (DFT) based full‐potential linearized augmented‐plane‐wave (FP‐LAPW)” method. We elucidate the differences in the physical properties of Mn2NTx through the influence of F and O surface functional groups. We found that O‐termination results in half‐metallic behavior, whereas the F‐termination evolves metallic characteristics within these MXene systems. Similarly, surface termination has effectively influenced their optical absorption efficiency. For instance, Mn2NO2 and Mn2NF2 effectively absorb UV light ~50.15×104 cm−1 and 37.71×104 cm−1, respectively. Additionally, they demonstrated prominent refraction and reflection characteristics, which are comprehensively discussed in the present work. Our predictions offer valuable perspectives into the optical and electronic characteristics of Mn2NTx‐based MXenes, presenting the promising potential for implementing them in diverse optoelectronic devices.
Phase Diagrams of Anthracene Derivatives in Pyridinium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Ono Keigo , Nakayama Rinsuke , Tajiri Kaho , Inouchi Shun , Matsuo Takumi , Kunitake Masashi , Hayashi Shotaro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCrystal engineering for single crystallization of π‐conjugated molecules has attracted much attention because of their electronic, photonic, and mechanical properties. However, reproducibility is a problem in conventional printing techniques because control of solvent evaporation is difficult. We investigated the phase diagrams of two anthracene derivatives in synthesized ionic liquids for non‐volatile crystal engineering to determine the critical points for nucleation and crystal growth. Anthracene and 9,10‐dibromoanthracene were used as representative π‐conjugated molecules that form crystal structures with different packing types. Ionic liquids with an alkylpyridinium cation and bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide were good solvents for the anthracene derivatives from ca. 0 °C to 200 °C. The solubilities (critical points for crystal growth) of the anthracene derivatives in the ionic liquids reached the 100 mM level, which is similar to those in organic solvents. Ionic liquids with phenyl and octyl groups tended to show high‐temperature dependence (a high dissolution entropy) with 9,10‐dibromoanthracene. The precipitation temperature (critical point for crystal nucleation) at each 9,10‐dibromoanthracene concentration was lower than the dissolution temperature. The differences between the dissolution and precipitation temperatures (supersaturated region) in the ionic liquids were greater than those in an organic solvent.
Tuning Properties of Layered Materials Based on Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Methylation: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Mazarei Elham , Saalfrank Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, the rational design of optoelectronic properties of two‐dimensional materials based on hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) by functionalization by methyl (CH3) groups is proposed. Using density functional theory, we examine the functionalization of single‐ or double‐layer systems with either CH3 radicals alone or with both CH3 (cations) and chlorine (anions), i. e., under conditions of homolytic or heterolytic splitting of CH3Cl precursor molecules, respectively. Different degrees of methylation (coverages) are considered. The methylation of pure h‐BN leads to a reduction of the band gap, while in h‐BN/G heterostructures (with methylated graphene layer), methylation increases the band gap. As a consequence, h‐BN/G heterostructures offer a high tunability of their optoelectronic properties. To guide possible experiments, vibrational properties and spectra of methylated h‐BN and methylated h‐BN/G are determined.