bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide expression profiling of the host response to root‐knot nematode infection in Arabidopsisa
Authors: Jammes Fabien , Lecomte Philippe , de Almeida‐Engler Janice , Bitton Frédérique , Martin‐Magniette Marie‐Laure , Renou Jean Pierre , Abad Pierre , Favery Bruno 
Published: October 2005

SummaryDuring a compatible interaction, root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) induce the redifferentiation of root cells into multinucleate nematode feeding cells (giant cells). Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the surrounding cells leads to the formation of a root gall. We investigated the plant response to root‐knot nematodes by carrying out a global analysis of gene expression during gall formation in Arabidopsis, using giant cell‐enriched root tissues. Among 22 089 genes monitored with the complete Arabidopsis transcriptome microarray gene‐specific tag, we identified 3373 genes that display significant differential expression between uninfected root tissues and galls at different developmental stages. Quantitative PCR analysis and the use of promoter GUS fusions confirmed the changes in mRNA levels observed in our microarray analysis. We showed that a comparable number of genes were found to be up‐ and downregulated, indicating that gene downregulation might be essential to allow proper gall formation. Moreover, many genes belonging to the same family are differently regulated in feeding cells. This genome‐wide overview of gene expression during plant–nematode interaction provides new insights into nematode feeding‐cell formation, and highlights that the suppression of plant defence is associated with nematode feeding‐site development.
Cell‐to‐cell movement of Potato Potexvirus X is dependent on suppression of RNA silencing
Authors: Bayne Elizabeth H. , Rakitina Daria V. , Morozov Sergey Y. , Baulcombe David C. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryRNA silencing in transgenic and virus‐infected plants involves a mobile silencing signal that can move cell‐to‐cell and systemically through the plant. It is thought that this signal can influence long‐distance movement of viruses because protein suppressors of silencing encoded in viral genomes are required for long‐distance virus movement. However, until now, it was not known whether the mobile signal could also influence short‐range virus movement between cells. Here, through random mutation analysis of the Potato Potexvirus X (PVX) silencing suppressor P25, we provide evidence that it does. All mutants that were defective for silencing suppression were also non‐functional in viral cell‐to‐cell movement. However, we identified mutant P25 proteins that were functional as silencing suppressors but not as movement proteins and we conclude that suppression of silencing is not sufficient to allow virus movement between cells: there must be a second P25 function that is independent of silencing but also required for cell‐to‐cell movement. Consistent with this hypothesis, we identified two classes of suppressor‐inactive P25 mutants. One class of these mutants is proposed to be functional for the accessory function because their failure to support PVX movement could be complemented by heterologous suppressors of silencing. The second class of P25 mutants is considered defective for both the suppressor and second functions because the heterologous silencing suppressors did not restore virus movement. It is possible, based on analyses of short interfering RNA accumulation, that P25 suppresses silencing by interfering with either assembly or function of the effector complexes of RNA silencing.
Performance of ORTHO® HCV core antigen and trak‐C™ assays for detection of viraemia in pre‐seroconversion plasma and whole blood donors
Authors: Tobler L. H. , Stramer S. L. , Lee S. R. , Baggett D. , Wright D. , Hirschkorn D. , Walsh I. , Busch M. P. 
Published: October 2005

Objective Logistics and cost of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) screening preclude its current use in many developing countries. Development of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen assays offer an alternative to NAT. We evaluated two specimen populations to assess the sensitivity, relative to NAT, of the HCV core antigen (HCVcAg) ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) test system and the trak‐C assay: (1) plasma donor HCV NAT‐conversion panels and (2) cross‐sectional whole blood donor NAT yield specimens.Methods Differential sensitivities among NAT (NGI; Chiron/Gen‐Probe) and both HCVcAg assays (Ortho‐Clinical Diagnostics, Rochester, NY) were evaluated using: (1) 102 serial ramp‐up phase specimens from 37 plasma donor NAT‐conversion panels (Alpha Therapeutic/BioClinical Partners); and (2) 42 cross‐sectional whole blood donor NAT yield specimens (confirmed RNA positive, antibody negative) plus 54 NAT false‐positive specimens (American Red Cross).Results Viral load among the plasma donor NAT‐conversion panels at the cutoffs for HCVcAg and trak‐C assays were 32 000 copies/ml (95% confidence interval [CI] 8000–120 000) and 8000 copies/ml (95% CI: 2200–28 000), respectively. The mean (95% CI) difference in window period reduction compared to routine mini‐pool NAT screening (estimated sensitivity 100 copies/ml) was delayed 5·2 days (2·2–7·6 days) for HCVcAg assay and 3·8 days (2·1–5·5 days) for the trak‐C assay. Among the 42 NAT yield specimens, the HCVcAg assay detected 31 (74%) as core antigen‐positive while the trak‐C assay detected 37 (88%) as core antigen‐positive. Viral loads for the five specimens not detected by the trak‐C HCVcAg assay ranged from 100 to 7770 copies/ml. All 54 NAT false‐positive specimens were non‐reactive on both HCV core antigen assays.Conclusion These data indicate that the trak‐C assay has sensitivity approaching routine mini‐pool NAT screening for the detection of seronegative HCV infection. In the absence of routine NAT screening for early HCV infection, the use of an HCV core antigen assay should be considered.
Severe thrombocytopenia due to host‐derived anti‐HPA‐1a after non‐myeloablative allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: a case report
Authors: Macher S. , Schallmoser K. , Staber P. B. , Neumeister P. , Posch U. , Lanzer G. , Panzer S. 
Published: October 2005

Background and Objectives  Host‐ or donor‐derived alloimmune thrombocytopenia can develop after non‐myeloablative allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We report the first case of host‐derived HPA‐1a antibodies.Case Report  A 52‐year‐old male patient received HSCT from his human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DR identical brother after reduced intensity conditioning. Bilinear engraftment around day 12 was accompanied by a continuous decrease of platelet counts. We investigated for platelet antibodies because of a progressive decline of platelet counts and refractoriness to platelet transfusions.Methods  The patient's serum was tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a solid phase assay and monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) assay. Recipient's DNA from the time before HSCT and donor's DNA were genotyped for human platelet antigens.Results  Serum obtained on day 15 after HSCT reacted strongly with the donor's platelets due to host‐derived anti‐HPA‐1a‐ and anti‐HLA I antibodies. Serum samples from days 39, 45 and 65 after HSCT contained only anti‐HLA I; no antibodies were detectable on day 149. Platelet counts increased on day 20 spontaneously. The decrease of the antibodies accompanied by the increase of the platelet counts suggests progressive elimination of residual host cells.Conclusions  The HPA‐1a antibodies affected thrombopoietic engraftment and the success of platelet transfusions.
Light chain phenotypes of HLA antibodies in cases with suspected neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Panzer S. , Mayr W. R. , Eichelberger B. 
Published: October 2005

Background and Objectives  Platelet‐specific antibodies are detectable in only about 30% in suspected neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I antibodies are often detectable, and as platelets express the corresponding antigens, it has been suggested that these antibodies can be responsible for NAIT. Light chain phenotyping may assist in the diagnosis of HLA antibodies‐induced NAIT.Materials and Methods  We determined light chain phenotypes of platelet reactive HLA antibodies in 17 sera from mothers who delivered offspring with suspected NAIT. Ten sera also contained platelet‐specific antibodies: HPA‐1a (n = 5, one with HPA‐15b), HPA‐5b (n = 4) and autoantibodies (n = 1). Sera were tested for kappa or lambda restriction by monoclonal antibody‐specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA).Results  The cross‐match with paternal platelets was positive in all cases due to HLA antibodies. We identified 5, 3 and 3 sera to contain lymphocytotoxic antibodies of single, two or multiple specificities, respectively. In six cases, HLA antibodies were only detectable by MAIPA. Light chain restriction (n = 9) was not associated with HPA containing antibodies or to any pattern of the HLA antibodies. Similarly, polyclonal antibodies (n = 8) were seen in all categories.Conclusion  We show that pregnancy‐associated HLA antibodies can be clonal or polyclonal, irrespective of a diagnosis of NAIT.One‐sentence summary  Pregnancy associated HLA antibodies can be clonal or polyclonal, irrespective a diagnosis of NAIT.
Effects of late referral to a nephrologist in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: DOGAN EKREM , ERKOC REHA , SAYARLIOGLU HAYRIYE , DURMUS AHMET , TOPAL CEVAT 
Published: October 2005

SUMMARY:Background:  We lack information about the role of late diagnosis of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), late nephrological referral and its impact on biochemical variables and first hospitalization in East Anatolia, Turkey.Methods and Results:  For a total of 101 ESRD patients, dialysis was initiated between January 1998 and December 2002 at the Yuzuncu Yil University Hospital. Early referral (ER) and late referral (LR) were defined as the time of first referral or admission to a nephrologist greater or less than 12 weeks, respectively, before initiation of haemodialysis (HD).Results:  The need for urgent dialysis was less among the early referral cases compared with the late referral cases (P = 0.03). Patients with LR started dialysis with lower levels of haemoglobin (8.6 vs 9.5 g/dL, P < 0.05) bicarbonate (16 vs 12 mEq/lt, P < 0.03) and albumin (2.9 vs 3.29 mg/dL, P < 0.02) and with higher serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (173 vs 95 mg/dL, P < 0.001), creatinine (10 vs 7.9 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and potassium (5.3 vs 4.8, P < 0.04). Hospitalization duration beginning at dialysis was significantly longer in the LR group (27.3 ± 24) compared with the ER group (13.4 ± 7.5, P < 0.001). When the groups were compared in terms of distance between the patients home and hospital, there were significantly more patients living far away from hospital (i.e. >100 km) in the LR group compared with the ER (P < 0.0001) group.Conclusion:  Early referral to a nephrology unit and/or early diagnosis of ESRD results in better biochemical variables, shorter first hospitalization length and a higher percentage of elective construction of AVF and the availability to start with an alternative dialysis modality (i.e. CAPD).
Relationship between iron replacement and hepatic functions in hepatitis C virus‐positive chronic haemodialysis patients
Authors: ÖZDEMIR ALI , YALİNBAŞ BERRIN , SELAMET UMUT , ERES MELTEM , MURAT BERNA , GÜRSU REİZA U , BARUT YİLDİZ 
Published: October 2005

SUMMARY:Aim:  To investigate the effects of intravenous (i.v.) iron replacement on hepatic functions of hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐positive haemodialysis patients.Methods:  The present retrospective study included 89 HCV‐positive and 57 HCV‐negative haemodialysis patients. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were accepted as sustained high if the last three values were ≥20 U/L. All patients and the HCV‐positive group were dichotomised into subgroups by the median for dialysis duration, the amounts of i.v. iron administered per year and totally.Results:  Sustained high levels of ALT were significantly more frequent in the HCV‐positive group (P < 0.001). In HCV‐positive patients, the subgroup with ALT levels ≥20 U/L had significantly higher serum iron levels and mean amounts of i.v. iron administered per year and totally (P < 0.001) and the subgroup with the high mean total amount of i.v. iron had significantly higher serum ALT and iron levels (P < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were found in HCV‐positive patients between ALT and serum iron levels (P < 0.001), as well as between ALT both with the mean amounts of i.v. iron administered per year (P = 0006) and totally (P = 0.015). Regression analysis showed that the main parameters effecting ALT were the serum iron level (P < 0.0001) and the mean amount of parenteral iron administered per year (P = 0.032).Conclusion:  We conclude that parenteral iron replacement might contribute to hepatocellular injury in HCV‐positive haemodialysis patients.
Modular surgical training for endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy
Authors: Stolzenburg Jens‐Uwe , Schwaibold Hartwig , Bhanot Shiv Mohan , Rabenalt Robert , Do Minh , Truss Michael , Ho Kossen , Anderson Chris 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVETo develop a modular training scheme which enabled the use of individual steps of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RP) for teaching and training surgeons with varied experience, including residents with no experience in open RP, as in extending laparoscopic surgery to more complex operations like RP, the proper training of urologists is crucial.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe technique of endoscopic extraperitoneal RP (EERP) was divided into 12 individual steps of differing complexity. The levels of difficulty were called ‘modules’ and graded according to their requisite skills from module 1 (lowest level of difficulty) to module 5 (highest level). Based on this modular system we established a training programme whereby the trainee learns the procedure in a mentor‐initiated schedule. During each training operation the trainee only performs the modules (steps) of the operation, which correspond with his or her actual skill level. The mentor performs all the other steps, with the trainee assisting. Four trainees with different surgical experience participated in the study.RESULTSAfter a phase of assisting and camera holding during EERP, the trainees entered the modular training programme and required 32–43 procedures until they were considered to be competent. An analysis of the first 25–50 procedures done independently by the trainee showed mean operative times of 176–193 min and a transfusion rate of 1.3%. Complications during and after EERP requiring re‐intervention were one each of recto‐urethral fistula, haemorrhage, symptomatic lymphocele and anastomotic leak. The positive margin rate for pT2 disease was 12.2% and for pT3 tumours 37%.CONCLUSIONThe modular concept for teaching EERP is an attractive concept, which overcomes many of the problems involved in complex laparoscopic procedures. Based on a highly standardized technique, this concept offers a short learning curve; it enables training on different sites in cooperation with a high‐volume centre, and it makes it possible to start with this complex procedure as a beginner or with no experience in open RP.
Realistic or Abstract Imagery: The Future of Computer Graphics?
Authors: Hanrahan Pat 
Published: October 2005

Abstract The big idea in computer graphics, what makes CG different from other ways of making images, is that CG represents images symbolically. The artist or designer creates a symbolic representation of the image, and the computer converts that representation to physical media. Because computational processes are so flexible, we have the freedom to invent any abstract representation that suits our needs. Somewhat surprisingly, most of computer graphics research has focused on the science and technology needed to make photorealistic images representing the physical world. In this talk, I will argue that we should shift our focus to developing techniques for manipulating abstract image representations. Historically, abstract imagery is more recent and more innovative than realistic imagery. Functionally, abstract image representations are often more informative and more expressive than realistic ones. More fundamentally, abstract image models better depict our mental models of the world, and are hence more useful to most people that use computer graphics in their work. In addition to motivating this line of research, I will outline some potentially promising research directions.
Sustained pharmacological blockade of NK1 substance P receptors causes functional desensitization of dorsal raphe 5‐HT1A autoreceptors in mice
Authors: Guiard Bruno P. , Froger Nicolas , Hamon Michel , Gardier Alain M. , Lanfumey Laurence 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAntagonists at NK1 substance P receptors have demonstrated similar antidepressant properties in both animal paradigms and in human as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that induce desensitization of 5‐HT1A autoreceptors within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). We investigated whether this receptor adaptation also occurs upon NK1 receptor blockade. C57B/L6J mice were treated for 21 days with the selective NK1 receptor antagonist GR 205171 (10 mg/kg daily) through subcutaneously implanted osmotic mini pumps, and DRN 5‐HT1A autoreceptor functioning was assessed using various approaches. Recording of DRN serotonergic neurons in brainstem slices showed that GR 205171 treatment reduced (by ∼1.5 fold) the potency of the 5‐HT1A receptor agonist, ipsapirone, to inhibit cell firing. In parallel, the 5‐HT1A autoreceptor‐mediated [35S]GTP‐γ‐S binding induced by 5‐carboxamidotryptamine onto the DRN in brainstem sections was significantly decreased in GR 205171‐treated mice. In vivo microdialysis showed that the cortical 5‐HT overflow caused by acute injection of the SSRI paroxetine (1 mg/kg) was twice as high in GR 205171‐treated as in vehicle‐treated controls. In the DRN, basal 5‐HT outflow was significantly enhanced by GR 205171 treatment. These data supported the hypothesis that chronic NK1 receptor blockade induces a functional desensitization of 5‐HT1A autoreceptors similar to that observed with SSRIs.
Physician Response to Written Feedback on a Medication Discrepancy Found with Their Elderly Ambulatory Patients
Authors: Forjuoh Samuel N. , Reis Michael D. , Couchman Glen R. , Symm Barbalee , Mason Saundra , O'Banon Ricky 
Published: October 2005

Objectives: To assess physicians' responses to written feedback on medication discrepancies found with their elderly ambulatory patients.Design: Cross‐sectional survey.Setting: Four clinics of a large university‐affiliated, multispecialty group practice associated with a 186,000‐member health maintenance organization.Participants: Patients aged 65 and older (n=202) and their family physicians (n=32).Measurements: Medication discrepancies and physicians' responses to written feedback on letters and adhesive labels containing a list of patients' actual medications.Results: A medication discrepancy was identified with 171 of 202 patients (84.7%). They resulted from patients not taking charted medications (52.9%), patients taking medications that were not charted (34.3%), or difference in dosage and/or schedule (12.8%). The medications involved were mostly complementary/alternative (28.3%), respiratory/allergy (15.1%), and analgesics (14.1%). The majority of physicians reported that the letters (93.8%) and accompanying labels (90.6%) were helpful to them. Half of the physicians reported filing the letters in patients' charts, whereas the other half discarded them. The majority (93.8%) also perceived the labels as an additional benefit to their practice and placed them in patients' charts to be used to correct patients' medications. Receptivity to the feedback was unrelated to physician age group, sex, years in practice, or clinic of practice.Conclusion: Although medication discrepancies are common in elderly ambulatory patients, their family physicians appreciate assistance in correcting these discrepancies, although potential problems, such as cultural or organizational resistance to the open disclosure of medication discrepancies in medical records due to associated legal ramifications, may need to be resolved.
Older Is Colder: Temperature Range and Variation in Older People
Authors: Gomolin Irving H. , Aung Myo M. , Wolf‐Klein Gisele , Auerbach Charles 
Published: October 2005

Objectives: To ascertain body temperatures in older people.Design: Analysis of oral temperatures obtained from elderly subjects residing in the community and nursing home.Setting: A single nursing home, office setting, and community center.Participants: One hundred nursing home residents and 50 subjects residing in the community.Measurements: Three oral temperatures were measured in nursing home residents and once in community dwellers using an electronic digital thermometer.Results: The average age of subjects was 80.7. Temperatures ranged from 94.0°F to 99.6°F. In nursing home subjects, the 6 a.m. mean temperature was 97.3°F, 4 p.m. mean was 97.4°F, and 10 p.m. mean was 97.8°F. The single midday mean temperature in community dwellers was 97.7°F. Ninety‐seven of 100 (97%), 94 of 100 (94%), and 83 of 96 (86%) recordings were below 98.6°F in nursing home residents at 6 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m., respectively. Similarly, 45 of 50 (90%) community dwellers had midday temperatures below 98.6°F. Repeated‐measures analysis demonstrated an increase in temperature during the day. The increase was greatest in the youngest old, with no significant change in body temperature over the course of the day in the oldest old.Conclusion: Older subjects have mean oral body temperatures lower than 98.6°F. Relatively few even achieve this temperature. In nursing home residents, the oldest were coldest and failed to demonstrate a diurnal rise in body temperature.
Prevalence and Correlates of Perceived Societal Racism in Older African‐American Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Moody‐Ayers Sandra Y. , Stewart Anita L. , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: October 2005

Although experiences of racism in day‐to‐day life may affect minority patients' interaction with the health system and may influence health outcomes, little is known about these experiences in patients with chronic diseases. The goal of this study was to explore the frequency and correlates of perceived societal racism in 42 African Americans aged 50 and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Twenty‐seven items of the McNeilly Perceived Racism Scale were used to assess exposure to racist incidents in employment and public domains and emotional and coping responses to perceived racism in general. Mean age was 62, 71% were women, and more than half rated their health as fair/poor (55%). Overall, 95.2% of the participants reported at least some exposure to perceived societal racism. Higher mean lifetime exposure to societal racism, based on summary scores on the perceived racism scale, was reported by men (35.0±19.1) than women (19.7±14.4) (P<.01) and by those with higher household income (30.7±17.3) than those with lower household income (18.6±15.1) (P<.05). Greater passive coping (e.g., “avoiding it,”“ignoring it”) was associated with being female and having lower household income and fair/poor self‐rated health.The findings that perception of racism and a range of emotional and coping responses were common in older African‐American patients attending two diabetes clinics suggest that physicians and other healthcare providers may need to be more aware of patients' day‐to‐day experiences of societal racism and the influence these experiences may have on patient trust in the medical system and their adherence to medical advice or engagement in self‐management of their chronic conditions.