bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of TGFβ in skin inflammation and carcinogenesis
Authors: Li Allen Guanqun , Lu Shi‐Long , Han Gangwen , Hoot Kristina E. , Wang Xiao‐Jing 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe functions of transforming growth factor β‐1(TGFβ1) are cell‐context specific. We have found that TGFβ1 expression in human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples has two distinct distribution patterns: (1) either predominantly in suprabasal layers or (2) throughout tumor epithelia including basal proliferative cells. To understand whether the spatial TGFβ1 expression patterns affect its functions, we have generated several keratinocyte‐specific transgenic mouse models in which TGFβ1 overexpression can be induced either predominantly in the suprabasal epidermis or in the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles. Suprabasal TGFβ1 overexpression inhibits keratinocyte proliferation, suppresses skin carcinogenesis at early stages, but promotes tumor invasion at later stages. In contrast, TGFβ1 overexpression in the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles causes a severe inflammatory skin disorder and epidermal hyperproliferation. Given the importance of inflammation in cancer development, our data suggest that TGFβ1‐induced skin inflammation may override its tumor suppressive effect at early stages during skin carcinogenesis. This hypothesis is further suggested by our recent study that Smad3 knockout mice are resistant to skin chemical carcinogenesis at least in part via abrogation of endogenous TGFβ1‐induced inflammation. This review intends to summarize current insights into the role of TGFβ1 in skin inflammation and carcinogenesis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improvement of bladder storage function by α1‐blocker depends on the suppression of C‐fiber afferent activity in rats
Authors: Yokoyama Osamu , Yusup Anwar , Oyama Nobuyuki , Aoki Yoshitaka , Tanase Kazuya , Matsuta Yosuke , Miwa Yoshiji , Akino Hironobu 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAimsα1‐blockers improve voiding symptoms through the reduction of prostatic and urethral smooth muscle tone; however, the underlying mechanism of improvement of storage symptoms is not known. Using a rat model of detrusor overactivity caused by cerebral infarction (CI), we undertook the present study to determine whether the effect of an α1‐blocker, naftopidil, is dependent on the suppression of C‐fiber afferents.MethodsTo induce desensitization of C‐fiber bladder afferents, we injected resiniferatoxin (0.3 mg/kg, RTX) sub‐cutaneously to female Sprague‐Dawley rats 2 days prior to left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (RTX‐CI rats). As controls we used rats without RTX treatment (CI rats). MCAO and insertion of a polyethylene catheter through the bladder dome were performed under halothane anesthesia. We investigated the effects on cystometrography (CMG) of intravenous (i.v.), intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), or intrathecal (i.t.) administration of naftopidil in conscious CI rats.ResultsBladder capacity (BC) was markedly reduced after MCAO in both RTX‐CI and CI rats. I.v. administration of naftopidil significantly increased BC in CI rats without an increase in residual volume, but it had no effects on BC in RTX‐CI rats. I.t. administration of naftopidil significantly increased BC in CI but not in RTX‐CI rats.ConclusionsThese results suggest that naftopidil has an inhibitory effect on C‐fiber afferents in the lumbosacral spinal cord, improving BC during the storage phase. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RhoA‐kinase and myosin II are required for the maintenance of growth cone polarity and guidance by nerve growth factor
Authors: Loudon Robert P. , Silver Lee D. , Yee Hal F. , Gallo Gianluca 
Published: May 2006

AbstractGrowth cones are highly polarized and dynamic structures confined to the tips of axons. The polarity of growth cones is in part maintained by suppression of protrusive activity from the distal axon shaft, a process termed axon consolidation. The mechanistic basis of axon consolidation that contributes to the maintenance of growth cone polarity is not clear. We report that inhibition of RhoA‐kinase (ROCK) or myosin II resulted in unstable consolidation of the distal axon as evidenced by increased filopodial and lamellipodial extension. Furthermore, when ROCK or myosin II was inhibited lamellipodia formed at the growth cone migrated onto the axon shaft. Analysis of EYFP‐actin dynamics in the distal axon revealed that ROCK negatively regulates actin polymerization and initiation of protrusive structures from spontaneously formed axonal F‐actin patches, the latter being an effect attributable to ROCK‐mediated regulation of myosin II. Inhibition of ROCK or myosin II blocked growth cone turning toward NGF by preventing suppression of protrusive activity away from the source of NGF, resulting in aborted turning responses. These data elucidate the mechanism of growth cone polarity, provide evidence that consolidation of the distal axon is a component of guidance, and identify ROCK as a negative regulator of F‐actin polymerization underlying protrusive activity in the distal axon. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006
Differential roles of two major brain structures, mushroom bodies and central complex, for Drosophila male courtship behavior
Authors: Sakai Takaomi , Kitamoto Toshihiro 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDrosophila male courtship is a complex and robust behavior, the potential for which is genetically built into specific neural circuits in the central nervous system. Previous studies using male‐female mosaics and the flies with defects in particular brain structures implicated the critical central regions involved in male courtship behavior. However, their acute physiological roles in courtship regulation still largely remain unknown. Using the temperature‐sensitive Dynamin mutation, shibirets1, here we demonstrate the significance of two major brain structures, the mushroom bodies and the central complex, in experience‐independent aspects of male courtship. We show that blocking of synaptic transmission in the mushroom body intrinsic neurons significantly delays courtship initiation and reduces the courtship activity by shortening the courtship bout length when virgin females are used as a sexual target. Interestingly, however, the same treatment affects neither initiation nor maintenance of courtship toward young males that release courtship‐stimulating pheromones different from those of virgin females. In contrast, blocking of synaptic transmission in a central complex substructure, the fan‐shaped body, slightly but significantly reduces courtship activity toward both virgin females and young males with little effect on courtship initiation. Taken together, our results indicate that the neuronal activity in the mushroom bodies plays an important role in responding to female‐specific sex pheromones that stimulate initiation and maintenance of male courtship behavior, whereas the fan‐shaped body neurons are involved in maintenance of male courtship regardless of the nature of courtship‐stimulating cues. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006
A novel polymeric stabilizing system for modified lyocell solutions
Authors: Wendler Frank , Graneß Gerhard , Büttner Reiner , Meister Frank , Heinze Thomas 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA novel polymeric stabilizer consisting of iminodiacetic acid sodium salt (ISDB) and benzyl amine (BSDB) covalently bound to a styrene/divinyl benzene copolymer were studied. Calorimetric, spectroscopic, rheological, and high performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed distinctive improvements of the thermal stability of modified Lyocell solutions compared to the unstabilized solution and to that with conventional NaOH/propyl gallate stabilizer. Segregation processes of the system cellulose/N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide and autocatalytic reactions caused by carboxyl group‐containing additives are suppressed by ISDB/BSDB. Concerning to surface‐active additives, enhanced thermal stability is only received for a weakly reactive charcoal. In the case of nanoscaled carbon black modifier, autocatalytic reactions indicated by isoperibolic measures are prevented by the new polymeric stabilizer system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1702–1713, 2006
Electron concentration and mobility profiles in InN layers grown by MBE
Authors: Arnaudov B. , Paskova T. , Evtimova S. , Monemar B. , Lu H. , Schaff W. J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have studied depth distributions of the electrical parameters in MBE grown InN films with two types of AlN and GaN buffers. Using independently determined Hall effect electron concentration and mobility profiles, as well as electron concentration profile by photoluminescence measurements, we model the real depth profile of carrier mobility, assuming graded inhomogeneity of the sample. The obtained profiles follow power dependences of the same order for layers grown on the two buffers with a small difference in the function coefficients attributed to a contribution of the interface charge in layers grown on AlN buffers. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A novel approach to analysing and simulating railcar shock and vibrations
Authors: Rouillard Vincent , Richmond Robert 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the preliminary findings of an experimental research programme aimed at determining the character of the shocks and vibrations that occur during rail transport in Australia. The main purpose of the research is to generate information to enable more accurate simulation of railway vibrations in the laboratory, so as to give packaging designers a real opportunity to optimize their designs and, if necessary, develop protective packaging systems specific to a particular distribution environment. One of the hypotheses to be tested is that the railway shocks and vibrations that occur in Australia vary significantly in nature from the spectral representations given in test standards. This paper presents the results of analyses carried out on a number of measurements undertaken during 2004–2005 on the Melbourne–Perth railway. One of the most significant findings is that the spectral shape and spectral bandwidth of the measured vertical vibrations vary significantly from those given in test standards. Also, there is strong evidence to show that vertical vibrations comprise two main elements: rigid‐body vibrations and structural vibrations. The results show that structural vibrations often occur in bursts caused by the impulsive nature of forces at the wheel–rail interfaces or as a result of longitudinal impulsive loads between railcars. The paper concludes by proposing a method by which the intermittency of these structural vibrations can be simulated by superimposing randomly occurring high‐frequency vibration bursts onto the main rigid‐body random vibrations. The outcome, it is argued, is a simulated signal that is a more truthful representation of the real process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ruthenium(II)‐Komplexe mit orthometallierten O'Donnell Schiffbasen (Diphenylmethylenglycinester) [1]
Authors: Urban Reinhold , Beck Wolfgang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRuthenium(II) Complexes of Orthometallated O'Donnell Schiff Bases (Diphenylmethylene Glycine Esters) [1]The reaction of diphenyl methylene glycine esters with [Ru(PPh3)3Cl2] gives the orthometallated complexes [Ru(PPh3)2(Cl){(C6H4)(C6H5)C=NCH2CO2R}] (R = H, Et, CMe3) in which the ester group is coordinated to the ruthenium atom and which were characterized by IR, NMR, MS data and by cyclovoltammetry.
TADDOLate as Ligand in Zirconium and Hafnium Chemistry
Authors: Datta Simmi , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe enantiomeric pure TADDOLate complexes of the heavier group 4 metals [(η5‐C5H5)2M{(S,S)‐TADDOLate}] (M = Zr, Hf) were prepared by treatment of (S,S)‐TADDOL with 2.5 equivalents of n‐butyl lithium followed by reaction with zirconocene and hafnocene dichloride, respectively. The new complexes have been characterized by standard analytical/spectroscopic techniques and the solid‐state structures of both compounds were established by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The title compounds are the first fully characterized TADDOLate complexes of zirconium and hafnium.
Reactions of tBu2P–PLi–PtBu2 with [(Et3P)2MCl2] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Synthesis and Properties of [(1,2‐η‐tBu2P=P–PtBu2)M(PEt3)Cl] (M=Ni, Pd)
Authors: Baum Elke , Matern Eberhard , Robaszkiewicz Andrzej , Pikies Jerzy 
Published: May 2006

AbstracttBu2P–PLi–PtBu2·2THF reacts with [cis‐(Et3P)2MCl2] (M = Ni, Pd) yielding [(1,2‐η‐tBu2P=P–PtBu2)Ni(PEt3)Cl] and [(1,2‐η‐tBu2P=P–PtBu2)Pd(PEt3)Cl], respectively. tBu2P– PLi–PtBu2 undergoes an oxidation process and the tBu2P–P–PtBu2 ligand adopts in the products the structure of a side‐on bonded 1,1‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐(di‐tert‐butylphosphino)diphosphenium cation with a short P–P bond. Surprisingly, the reaction of tBu2P–PLi–PtBu2·2THF with [cis‐(Et3P)2PtCl2] does not yield [(1,2‐η‐tBu2P=P–PtBu2)Pt(PEt3)Cl].
Synthese und Charakterisierung funktionalisierter β‐Hydroxydithiozimtsäuren und deren Ester. Komplexchemisches Verhalten gegenüber Nickel(II), Palladium(II) und Platin(II)
Authors: Schubert Karsten , Alpermann Theodor , Niksch Tobias , Görls Helmar , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSynthesis and Analytical Characterization of Functionalized β‐Hydroxydithiocinnamic Acids and their Esters. Complex Chemistry towards Nickel(II), Palladium(II), and Platin(II)Starting from silyl‐protected 4‐hydroxy acetophenone (1) the 1,1‐ethenedihiolato complexes 3–5 were synthesised using carbon disulfide and potassium‐tert‐butylate as a base. After being deprotected, the resulting 4‐hydroxy‐substituted complexes 6–8 were esterified with DL‐α‐lipoic acid to obtain the compounds 9–11. The resulting complexes were characterized using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy.3‐substituted β‐hydroxydithiocinnamic acid methyl ester (12) was obtained via an analogous path of reaction using silyl‐protected 3‐hydroxy acetophenone (2), carbon disulfide and methyl iodide. After removing of the silyl group the resulting hydroxy group was esterified with DL‐α‐lipoic acid. Using the dithioacid ester 14 as a ligand the NiII (15), PdII (16) and PtII (17) [O,S] complexes were obtained.
Minority Populations and Health
Authors: Van Hoover Cheri , Churchill Robyn 
Published: May 2006

By TA LaVeist. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass, 2005. 332 pages. $65.00, hardback.Surviving in the Hour of Darkness: The Health and Wellness of Women of Colour and Indigenous Women By GS Harding, ed. Calgary, Alberta, CA: University of Calgary Press, 2005. 314 pages. $23.00, paperback.
Invasive Well‐differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Effect of Treatment Modalities on Outcome
Authors: Segal Karl , Shpitzer Thomas , Hazan Alain , Bachar Gideon , Marshak Gideon , Popovtzer Aron 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVEWell‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma is considered an indolent malignant disease. Although rare, extrathyroidal invasion is associated with a worse prognosis and increased risk of morbidity. Management remains controversial, with some authors advocating conservative treatment with preservation of midline structures and others, aggressive extensive en bloc resection. The aim of this study was to report our 40‐year experience with invasive thyroid carcinoma, with emphasis on the clinical characteristics and the effect of different treatment modalities on survival.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA retrospective study including a file review of 1,200 patients with a diagnosis of well‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma of whom 49 (5%) showed involvement of an adjacent structure (larynx, trachea and esophagus) (study group). Type of surgery, radiation treatment, radioiodine treatment, and patient demographics were evaluated.RESULTSCompared to the rest of the patients, the study group was characterized by a higher rate of male patients (39% vs 25%), and older average age (58 vs 45 years). Average size of the primary tumor was 3.7 cm. Sixteen patients underwent radical surgery and 33 conservative surgery followed by radio‐iodine treatment. Five‐year survival and recurrence rates for the whole group were 78% and 52%, respectively. The only statistically significant factor for survival was large tumor size. Distant metastases developed in 46% of patients, all in the lungs. Ten of 14 deaths were due to distant metastases. External radiation, used in 52% of the patients, was associated with worse prognosis.CONCLUSIONConservative procedures followed by radioiodine treatment are associated with similar survival rates as aggressive techniques, with less perioperative mortality and lower overall morbidity.SIGNIFICANCEThis study provides further evidence that in cases of invasive thyroid tumors the extent of the primary surgery seems to have no influence on survival.EBM rating: C‐4
Development of a Murine Model of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lindsay Robin , Slaughter Tiffani , Britton‐Webb Joy , Mog Steven R. , Conran Rich , Tadros Monica , Earl Natalie , Fox David , Roberts John , Bolger William E. 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to develop a mouse model of chronic eosinophilic rhinosinusitis.STUDY DESIGNMice were sensitized to Aspergillis fumigatus (Af) extract by intraperitoneal injection. The animals subsequently received nasal challenges with Af extract 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Sinonasal complexes were studied histologically by the study otolaryngologists and pathologists to characterize the inflammatory response.SETTINGAnimal care facility at an academic institution.RESULTSA chronic eosinophilic inflammatory response was evoked in all study animals. Statistical analysis was performed for inflammation, secretory cell hyperplasia, mast cells, and eosinophils. There were very significant differences (P < 0.0005) between control and study mice in all categories.CONCLUSIONProlonged nasal challenge of Af extract creates an inflammatory response in murine nasal mucosa that mimics human chronic eosinophilic rhinosinusitis.SIGNIFICANCEA murine model for chronic rhinosinusitis is reported that may facilitate future investigations into disease pathophysiology.EBM rating: B‐2
Intracranial Complications of Pediatric Sinusitis
Authors: Glickstein Jonathan S. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Thompson Jerome W. 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVETo study intracranial extension of pediatric sinusitis, an infrequent but potentially fatal complication.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGTen‐year retrospective review at a tertiary children's hospital identified 21 cases of intracranial complications of sinusitis.RESULTSThirteen males and eight females with mean age of 13.3 years were identified. Overall 18 of 21 (81%) exhibited abscess formation, most commonly epidural. Only 3 of 21 (14%) had meningitis alone. All but 4 patients were managed surgically, requiring craniotomy in 13 of 21 (61.9%) and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in 10 of 21 (48%). Seven patients (33%) required multiple operations during admission. Nineteen patients (90%) had a total of 30 organisms cultured. Oral flora was observed in 12 of 21 (57%). Polymicrobial infections, seen in 9 of 21 (43%), were significantly associated with the need for craniotomy (P = 0.02). Mean hospital stay was 15 days, and mean length of IV antibiotic was 5 weeks.CONCLUSIONSIntracranial complications of pediatric sinusitis often require craniotomy. Oral flora and polymicrobial infections were prominent in this series.EBM rating: C‐4
Image‐guided Localization of the Internal Auditory Canal via the Middle Cranial Fossa Approach
Authors: Miller Robert Sean , Hashisaki George T. , Kesser Bradley W. 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVEWe sought to determine the accuracy of an electromagnetic image guidance surgical navigation system in localizing the midpoint of the internal auditory canal (IAC) and other structures of the temporal bone through the middle cranial fossa approach.MATERIALS AND METHODSSeven fresh cadaveric whole heads were dissected via a middle cranial fossa approach. High‐resolution CT scans were used with an InstaTrak 3500 Plus electromagnetic image guidance system (General Electric, Fairfield, CT). We evaluated the accuracy of identifying several middle cranial fossa landmarks including the midpoint of the IAC; the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve; and the arcuate eminence, the carotid artery, and foramen spinosum.RESULTSWe were able to identify the middle of the IAC within 2.31 mm (range 0.65‐7.52 mm, SD 2.39 mm). The arcuate eminence could be identified within 1.86 mm (range 1.49‐2.37 mm, SD 0.36 mm). We noted some interference when the handpiece was within 6 to 8 cm of the microscope.CONCLUSIONAlthough computer‐aided navigational tools are no substitute for thorough knowledge of temporal bone anatomy, we found the InstaTrak system reliable in identifying the midpoint of the IAC to within 2.4 mm through a middle fossa approach.
Endoscopic laser vs open approach for cricopharyngeal myotomy
Authors: Dauer Eileen , Salassa John , Iuga Laura , Kasperbauer Jan 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVETo illustrate the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic laser approach for cricopharyngeal myotomy (CPM) compared to the traditional transcervical approach.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective chart review of 22 patients undergoing CPM from 1996 to 2003 at the Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville.RESULTSThe laser CPM technique was used in 14 patients, and an open approach in 8. The mean hospital stay and operative times were shorter for the laser group. Functional outcome analyses showed improvement in both groups. There were no major complications in the laser group, while 1 patient in the transcervical group had a pharyngocutaneous fistula.CONCLUSIONSThe laser technique is at least as effective as the transcervical approach for CPM to improve dysphagia symptoms in the properly selected patient, with a low risk of major complications.SIGNIFICANCEIn this report, we provide the reader with data to support the safety and efficacy of laser CPM.EBM rating: B‐3b
Reconstruction of Circumferential oro‐ and Hypopharyngeal Defects with U‐shaped Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap
Authors: Saussez Sven , Cuno Alexander , Urbain Frédéric , Chantrain Gilbert , Lequeux Thomas 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a U‐shaped pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMF) to reconstruct a large circumferential defect involving the oro‐ and hypopharynx.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective case series.RESULTSTwelve patients with advanced oro‐ and hypopharyngeal cancer (stage IV) underwent surgery resulting in a circumferential defect of pharyngoesophageal segment (PES). Those defects were reconstructed using a U‐shaped PMMF. Four pharyngocutaneous fistulas were observed postoperatively and healed spontaneously within 3 to 7 weeks. Eight patients were able to resume a regular diet. A voice prosthesis was functional in 5 patients.CONCLUSIONThis preliminary study shows that this technique is a simple and effective method with acceptable morbidity rate and satisfactory functional results. We demonstrate that this procedure allows the reconstruction of large defects involving the oro‐ and hypopharynx in irradiated patients. This technique could be an interesting alternative for surgical teams suffering from the absence of a microsurgical team.EBM rating: C‐4