bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Washing platelets with new additive solutions: aspects on the in vitro quality after 48 hours of storage
Authors: Ringwald Jürgen , Althoff Frauke , Zimmermann Robert , Strasser Erwin , Weisbach Volker , Zingsem Jürgen , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND:  Rare clinical conditions cause the need for washed platelet (PLT) concentrates (PCs). Saline‐washed PCs can only be stored shortly, however, owing to lack of substrates for PLT metabolism. New PLT additive solutions (PASs) contain such substrates and might be used alternatively. The in vitro quality of apheresis PCs washed with Composol‐PS or modified PAS‐III (PAS‐IIIM) stored up to 48 hours after wash was compared.STUDY DESIGN and METHODS:  Twelve blood donors underwent two apheresis procedures (A and B) collecting 6.0 × 1011 PLTs in 500 mL of plasma with a least 2 weeks in between. The PCs collected by Apheresis A were stored for 3 days and then split in two equal units before washing with Composol‐PS or PAS‐IIIM. The PCs collected by Apheresis B were split after collection. One unit was released for transfusion and 1 unit was stored unwashed up to Day 6 and used as reference unit. In vitro testing was performed before and after washing as well as 24 and 48 hours after wash.RESULTS:  After 48 hours of postwash storage, the units washed with either PAS showed acceptable results for hypotonic shock response (HSR), P‐selectin expression, and pH, whereas PLT aggregability was significantly impaired. Throughout the storage, unwashed units showed better in vitro quality. HSR and P‐selectin expression were similar before and immediately after the washing procedure.CONCLUSION:  Based on these in vitro results, 48‐hour postwash storage of washed PCs with the two PASs seems to be feasible. In vivo recovery studies, however, must confirm this finding in the future.
Influence of trauma from occlusion on progression of experimental periodontitis in the beagle dog
Authors: Lindhe Jan , Svanberg Gunnar 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The experiments were performed in six beagle dogs fed a soft diet which allowed dental plaque formation. During a pre‐experimental period of 7 weeks, periodontitis was induced by (1) surgically creating a bony pocket and (2) adapting a copper band to the exposed tooth surface. Two dogs were sacrificed at the end of this period and tissue sections were prepared for histological examination. In the remaining four dogs, trauma from occlusion was produced on the left mandibular fourth premolar by the installation of a cap splint and a bar device. The contralateral premolar served as a control.At the start of, and at regular intervals during, an experimental period of 180 days, tooth mobility, gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation were assessed. After sacrifice, radiographs were taken of test and control tooth regions and histological sections analysed regarding the width of the marginal periodontal ligament space and the degree of apical downgrowth of the gingival pocket epithelium.Only the test teeth showed a gradually increasing horizontal mobility, but gingival inflammation and Plaque Index scores were similar on test and control sides. Radiographs revealed (1) horizontal bone loss in both test and control areas, and (2) angular bone destruction only in test areas. Histological sections showed that the degree of apical proliferation of the pocket epithelium was more pronounced in test than in control regions.
Penicillin control of swelling and pain after periodontal osseous surgery
Authors: Kidd Edwina A. M. , Wade A. Bryan 
Published: December 2005

Abstract Comparable flap operations incorporating curettage and osteoplasties were performed in 17 patients on opposite sides of the same jaw on separate occasions. For one side a cover of phenoxymethyl penicillin 250 mg q.d.s. for 5 days commencing at the time of operation was given and for the other side a placebo was used.Healing was more advanced at 1 week after operation and there was less post‐operative discomfort during the first week when the penicillin cover was used. There was a tendency towards less facial swelling when penicillin was administered but the difference was not significant.
Exfoliative cytological studies in evaluation of free gingival graft healing
Authors: Lange D. E. , Bernimoulin J.‐P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract Free palatal grafts were transplanted into the alveolar mucosa area in 12 patients. Smears were taken daily from the graft surface for 9 days and then weekly until the 5th week; smears were taken from the palatal wound only weekly. In addition 5 to 8, 8 to 12 and 12 to 29 months respectively after grafting, cytology was studied at the recipient, palatal donor and control sites, in alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva areas.Degenerative changes in the epithelial cells of the graft were observed during the first few days in the most superficial and the intermediate layers. On the 7th day no degenerated superficial cells were present in the smears. Five weeks postoperatively the superficial cell index had increased to 100 % and the keratinization index to 57 %. It is concluded that the transplanted basal, parabasal and intermediate epithelial cells were active in the healing process which, up to 21/2 half years postoperatively, resulted in cytological smears typical for the palatal but not the alveolar mucosa.
Occlusal interferences and functional disturbances of the masticatory system
Authors: Geering Alfred H. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract A total of 282 patient histories and occlusal analyses made by students for instructional purposes were evaluated. An attempt was made to correlate the slide from centric relation to centric occlusion (maximum intercuspation), and occlusal interferences in eccentric movements, to pain and/or symptoms of functional disturbances of the masticatory system.A slide in combination with balancing interference(s) was found almost twice as frequently in patients with pain and/or symptoms compared to patients with no symptoms. Neither the amount nor the direction of the slide was correlated with the pain and/or symptoms. The balancing interferences tended to be located on the pain and/or symptom side.
Implanting of allogenic demineralized dentin in human gingival tissue
Authors: Knudsen G. E. , Bang G. , Kristoffersen T. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract Previous studies have shown that implants of allogenic demineralized dentin in the abdominal muscle of rats and guinea‐pigs, and possibly also in the gingival tissues of man, may induce heterotopic bone formation. A preliminary study of the bone‐inducing effect of allogenic demineralized dentin in human gingival soft tissue is reported.A total of 15 dentin specimens were implanted in the gingiva of six patients (32–58 years of age) who required surgical periodontal treatment. In addition, one implant was placed in the frenulum labiale superior of each of eight patients. The implants remained in the tissues for 4–30 weeks and showed evidence of varying degrees of resorption, but they appeared to be well tolerated. The amount of resorption was not related to the observation time. Dentinal tubules were invaded by connective tissue cells. In a few instances remineralized of the demineralized dentin seemed to have occurred. In one case, an area resembling newly‐formed hard tissue was observed. There was, however, no conclusive evidence of bone formation induced by the dentin implants.
The plaque‐removing ability of some common interdental aids. An intraindividual study
Authors: Bergenholtz Axel , Bjorne Assar , Vikström Bert 
Published: December 2005

Abstract An intraindividual study was performed on 23 (15 male and 8 female) patients suffering from periodontal disease, in order to investigate the plaque‐removing ability of denial floss and of round, triangular and rectangular toothpicks. Only teeth in contact with neighbouring teeth and with open interdental spaces were included in the study. The plaque‐removing ability of the interdental aids used was registered by estimating the amount of plaque at the end of each experimental period (14 days) according to a modified Plaque Index (Silness & Löe 1964) in which plaque was registered on ten surfaces around each tooth.The results show that round and rectangular toothpicks remove plaque only from the buccal part of the proximal surfaces, but that triangular toothpicks and dental floss are effective on both the buccal and lingual parts of the proximal and axial surfaces.
The effect of plaque control and surgical pocket elimination on the establishment and maintenance of periodontal health. A longitudinal study of periodontal therapy in cases of advanced disease
Authors: Lindhe Jan , Nyman Sture 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The present clinical study was initiated in 1969 to test the hypothesis that microbial plaque is the cause of periodontal disease and that hence even advanced cases of periodontitis can be cured in patients willing to exercise optimal plaque control. The material consisted of 75 patients with severe destruction of the periodontal tissues. The patients were selected for the study because of their ability to maintain plaque‐free dentition. Following an initial examination, a preliminary treatment plan was presented to the patients. This plan included detailed instructions in plaque control measures, scaling, root planing and emergency dental care, including endodontic therapy and extractions. Three to six months after the termination of the so‐called presurgical treatment, surgical elimination of pathologically deepened pockets was performed. The patients were recalled every 3 to 6 months after the end of the treatment. At these reexaminations the following parameters were assessed: Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Pocket Depths, Marginal alveolar bone topography and height.The results demonstrate that it is possible to treat periodontal disease successfully, even in advanced stages, in patients willing to maintain plaque‐free dentition.
A comparative clinical study of three periodontal surgical techniques
Authors: Zamet J. S. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract A comparative 4‐month trial was performed after initial preparation. The procedures used were curettage, replaced flap and apically repositioned flap procedures with osseous recontouring respectively in a split‐mouth technique in 17 male and 23 female patients, 22 to 65 years old. Changes were assessed with plaque and gingival indices, and measurements of pocket depths, attachment levels and tissue contours.All procedures reduced pocket depths. Apically repositioned flaps were the most successful, reducing overall mean pockets from 3.5 to 1.9 mm. Changes in attachment levels post‐operatively showed only a small degree of variation among the three surgical procedures, and would not affect the choice of the apically repositioned flap as the most effective method for pocket reduction.A marked improvement in tissue contour was obtained in those areas treated by apically repositioned flap procedures and osseous recontouring.Despite failure to improve tissue contour, replaced flap procedures showed an equal degree of success in maintaining plaque control when compared to apically repositioned flaps, as evidenced by static plaque indices. Replaced flap procedures were also the only group to show improved gingival health over the 4‐month post‐operative period with lower gingival indexes. It would seem that good healing, followed by a high standard of oral hygiene, may overcome the presence of gingival and marginal osseous deformities.
Effect of chlorhexidine on gingival wound healing in the dog. A histometric study
Authors: Hamp Sven‐Erik , Rosling Bengt , Lindhi Jan 
Published: December 2005

Abstract Wound healing after gingivectomy was studied in five 1‐year‐old dogs (Beagles). During a preparatory period of 4 months, the teeth of the dogs were brushed twice a day using a toothbrush and dentifrice. At the end of this period, ail gingival units appeared healthy. All mechanical tooth cleaning procedures were then terminated. Following a period of 2 weeks without oral hygiene, six gingival units, taken bilaterally from the maxillary first molar and posterior premolar areas, were subjected to standardized gingivectomies. Subsequently, the biopsied areas of the left half of the jaws were treated twice a day with a 0.2% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine digluconate for 42 days, while corresponding areas of the right jaws were given saline treatment.Tissue specimens were obtained after healing periods of 42, 28, 14, 7, 4 and 2 days. They were then immediately placed in a Karnovsky fixative, and afterwards decalcified in EDTA. The rate of tissue regeneration and degree of inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated with histometric methods. It was found that while gingival wounds treated with saline regenerated with extensive inflammatory reactions, corresponding chlorhexidine‐treated wounds healed with only minor signs of inflammation.
Fluorescein angiography of free gingival autografts
Authors: Mörmann W. , Bernimoulin J.‐P. , Schmid M. O. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The capillary blood circulation of free gingival autografts during healing was studied by means of 45 fluorescein angiographs taken over a postoperative period of 14 days in 10 female patients, 21 to 36 years old. The surgical technique commonly used for transplanting gingiva was slightly modified in that no surgical dressings and, in 3 cases, not even sutures were employed to immobilize the grafts.During the first 3 postoperative days, fluorescent plasmatic diffusion of increasing intensity was observed. In one case, fluorescing capillary circulation was detected as early as 24 hours after surgery. Four days after surgery, fluorescent capillaries became evident in all graft sites and increased steadily in number. Between 9 and 14 days after surgery, an even capillary loop pattern was established.
Plaque‐free zones on human teeth in periodontitis
Authors: Saglie Reinaldo , Johansen Jan R. , Tollefsen Tore 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The surface morphology of the pocket area of extracted, periodontally involved, human teeth was studied with the stereomicroscope. A plaque‐free zone was found to be present in all specimens.The width of the plaque‐free zone was found to decrease as the pocket depth and loss of attachment increase.
Use of food colourants as plaque disclosing agents
Authors: Kieser J. B. , Bryan Wade A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The effectiveness of plaque disclosure by several liquid food colourants and disclosing agents was compared in a group of eight subjects. The subjects refrained from all forms of oral hygiene for a 48‐hour period prior to rinsing with 5 ml of each dye in turn at weekly intervals. Kodachrome film records were taken and projected for the assessment of plaque staining efficacy by a panel of 38 assessors. Acceptability with respect to taste, extent and duration of mucosal staining and any side effects was also evaluated.The food colourants were as effective as the disclosing agents. Ability to stain plaque appears to be related not only to the constituents of each dye, but also to their concentrations and relative proportions. Other desirable properties of an ideal disclosing agent tended to be fulfilled to a level equivalent to, or better than, that reached by the proprietary disclosing agents. Difficulty in obtaining proprietary disclosing agents should not act as a handicap to achieving better levels of oral cleanliness as inexpensive food colourants of equal effectiveness to the best proprietary agent are readily available.
The healing potential of the periodontal tissues following different techniques of periodontal surgery in plaque‐free dentitions
Authors: Rosling Bengt , Nyman Store , Lindhe Jan , Jern Barbro 
Published: December 2005

Abstract A clinical trial was undertaken to study the healing capacity of the periodontal tissues following different modes of periodontal surgery in patients whose oral hygiene was professionally maintained at an optimal level. Fifty patients, distributed into five groups, participated in the study. Following an initial examination and presurgical treatment, the various patient groups were subjected to one of the following surgical procedures: 1) the apically repositioned flap operation including elimination of bony defects, 2) the apically repositioned flap operation including curettage of the bony defects but without removal of bone, 3) the “Widman flap” technique including elimination of bony defects, 4) the “Widman flap” technique including curettage of the bony defects but without removal of bone, 5) gingivectomy including curettage of the bony defects but without removal of bone. After surgery, all patients received oral hygiene instruction and professional cleaning of the teeth once every 2 weeks during a 2‐year period.The results showed that periodontal disease can be cured and further destruction of the periodontal tissues avoided irrespective of the surgical technique utilized for pocket elimination. Different surgical techniques, however, promoted varying degrees of regeneration of the supporting tissues. The most favourable healing was obtained when resection of bone was avoided and when complete coverage of the alveolar bone was ensured.
The effect of systematic plaque control on bone regeneration in infrabony pockets
Authors: Rosling Bengt , Nyman Sture , Lindhe Jan 
Published: December 2005

Abstract A clinical trial was undertaken to test the hypothesis that periodontitis can be cured and that bone regeneration occurs in infrabony pockets in patients maintained on an optimal standard of oral hygiene.The material comprised 24 patients with advanced periodontal disease. After an initial examination, the patients were randomly distributed into one test group and one control group. All the patients were given instruction and practice in a proper oral hygiene technique, and then subjected to periodontal surgery using the modified Widman flap procedure. Following treatment, during a 2‐year period the patients of the test group were recalled once every second week for professional tooth cleaning. The control patients were recalled once every 12 months for prophylaxis.The results showed that all osseous defects of the patients of the test group were refilled with bone. The control patients, on the other hand, could not maintain a high standard of oral hygiene, and exhibited a progressive deterioration of the periodontal tissues during the postsurgical observation time.
Intraoral cancellous bone autografts in the treatment of infrabony pockets
Authors: Carrako Juan J. , Sznajder Norma , Alonso Carlos A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract One hundred infrabony pockets with one‐ and two‐wall bony defects were treated for reattachment. Mucoperiosteal flaps were raised, the tooth surfaces were scaled and planed, and the defects curetted. Flaps were sutured tightly and the sites protected with a surgical dressing. Antibiotic coverage was used in each case. Pre‐ and postoperative measurements were taken by the same clinician from the cemento‐enamel junction to the base of the pocket.In 56 defects cancellous bone from the same patient was placed in the defect, and in 44 defects the treatment consisted only of open curettage without bone grafts. The results showed a trend towards more favourable clinical results using bone grafts; especially in the two‐wall bony defects.
Oral pharmacology of chlorhexidine
Authors: Bonesvoll P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The paper concerns factors which affect the binding and plaque‐inhibiting effect of chlorhexidine‐digluconate (CH) in the human oral cavity.About one‐third of the administered dose was retained after mouth rinses (0.05‐0.40 % w/v) and after toothbrushing with a CH gel (1 % w/w) measured by [14C]‐chlorhexidine. The following CH concentration in saliva showed an almost logarithmic fall during the first 4‐8 h, followed by a more steady low concentration, with CH still present after 24 h.The amount retained after mouth rinses increased almost linearly with the increase in the concentration. Time studies showed that about 55 % of the amount retained after 60 sec was retained after the first 15 sec.Lowering the pH of the rinsing solution reduced the retention, and increase in ionic strength of after‐rinses increased the release of CH.Calcium in a 250 mM concentration significantly reduced the retention and increased the release when present in after‐rinses. The detergent sodium dodecyl (lauryl) sulphate greatly reduced both the retention and the plaque‐inhibiting effect.Comparative studies between CH and quaternary ammonium compounds showed that 60‐65 % of the quaternaries was retained, compared to 32 % of CH. When used four times daily, the plaque‐inhibiting effect of the quaternaries approached that of CH. Their concentration in saliva fell more rapidly than that of CH.
Hibitane in periodontal disease
Authors: Gjermo Per 
Published: December 2005

Abstract It is generally accepted that gingivitis and periodontal disease can be prevented by means of an effective daily plaque control‐ Also in the treatment of periodontitis plaque control seems to be essential.The plaque‐inhibiting capacity of Hibitane is well documented, and the ability of the agent to prevent gingivitis for a relatively short time has been shown. Thus Hibitane is a valuable drug in dentistry in cases when conventional plaque control is difficult or impossible for a limited period of time. The longterm effect of the drug is less known in humans. However, a few studies in selected populations indicate that the effect is preserved after continuous use for several years. Established destructive periodontitis with pocket formation and subgingival plaque seems unaffected by chlorhexidine, but healthy gingival conditions may probably be maintained by two daily applications of the agent. The indications for long‐term use of Hibitane in the mouth are still not satisfactorily clarified. Such use must be regarded and controlled as experiments. Although systemic side effects seem to be rare, some embarrassing local adverse effects have been frequently reported. The staining of teeth and fillings constitutes a serious obstacle to a more generalized use of the agent in dental practice.Several modes of application of Hibitane in the mouth have been suggested. However, the pharmacodynamic properties of chlorhexidine as a plaque‐inhibitor are dependent on a series of complicated chemical reactions and may in several ways be jeopardized by components of a vehicle. Therefore, reliable clinical investigations proving the effect of commercial products containing Hibitane are indispensable before advocating their use.
Hibitane in the treatment of aphthous ulceration
Authors: Addy M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract In the absence of a known aetiology the management of recurrent aphthous ulceration is symptomatic with the removal of predisposing factors where possible. Since the severity and duration of ulcers may be increased by bacterial contamination, the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate in mouthwash and gel forms on the natural history of the condition has been studied. The mouthwash study employed a 0.2 % chlorhexidine gluconate solution, a 0.5 % astringent solution and a control mouthwash. Each mouthwash was used by all of the patients, with 5 ml of each preparation being diluted with 5 ml of water for use three times a day.The gel study employed a 1 % chlorhexidine gluconate and a placebo gel with approximately a 1 inch length of the gel from the tubes being placed in the mouth three times a day.Both studies were carried out in the double‐blind crossover manner with each preparation used for 5 weeks with a 2‐week interval between preparations.In the mouthwash trial chlorhexidine gluconate significantly reduced the incidence, duration and severity of ulcers, whereas in the gel trial chlorhexidine significantly reduced the severity and duration but not the incidence of ulceration. Since the dosage regimes for chlorhexidine in the two studies were comparable, the mode of delivery would appear to be important in the therapeutic effectiveness.