bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventilation tubes and cholesteatoma in children
Authors: Mortensen E. H. , Lildholdt T. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe previous use of ventilation tubes has been investigated retrospectively in a series of children whose ears had been operated on. Within a six-year period, 49 ears had a cholesteatoma documented, and in 14 of these a tube had been used. During the same period, 64 ears were operated on for chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma, and of these only three ears had been treated with a tube. This difference is statistically significant (p = 0.0004). A final conclusion is not possible from this information and more research is needed, but the study indicates the importance of a long-term follow-up of children who have been treated with ventilation tubes.
Cancer of the mouth in an isolated community—the results of treatment
Authors: Williams R. G. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA survey is presented of all known cases of cancer of the mouth in a population of nearly half a million in a relatively isolated part of Yorkshire, with the results of treament of squamous carcinoma, adeno-carcinoma, lympho-sarcoma, malignant tumours of odontogenic origin and sarcomas.
A case of tonsillar leishmaniasis
Authors: Laudadio P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPrimary mucous leishmaniasis of the tonsil with satellite lymphatic spread but without visceral diffusion is presented.From fragments of the tonsils and from the satellite cervical lymph nodes it was possible to find, isolate and culture a strain of Leishmania Donovani ‘BO 72’.The diagnostic problems are discussed caused by the lack of specific clinical findings and the rarity of mucous leishmaniasis in an area frequently the site of other pathological processes.
Otosurgery of incipient adhesive otitis media in children
Authors: Nielsen Kristian Otto , Bak-Pedersen Kristian 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIn 20 children, 21 ears with incipient adhesive otitis media were treated by mobilizing the thin, adherent tympanic membrane, strengthening it with a fascial graft, inserting SilasticR on the promontory, and establishing middle-ear drainage. The evaluation criteria were adhesive, atrophic and retractive changes in the tympanic membrane. The median follow-up period was 19 months. At follow-up, the material showed a statistically significant improvement in hearing, with a median hearing-loss of 17 db. postoperatively against 30 db. pre-operatively. There was a pronounced improvement in the adhesive and atrophic, as well as in the retractive, changes in the tympanic membrane.The present method of otosurgery is taken to be justified by the threat that incipient adhesive otitis media will develop into total middle-ear atelectasis with maximum hearing-loss and a risk of cholesteatoma. A further justification is afforded by the favourable therapeutic results.
Benign intracranial hypertension caused by mastoiditis and lateral sinus obstruction: The value of computerized tomography in diagnosis
Authors: Schønsted-Madsen U. , Sehested P. , Brask T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of benign intracranial hypertension occurring in an 11-year-old boy, and due to lateral sinus obstruction, is reported. Computerized tomographic scan was conclusive, revealing a normal ventricular system and no evidence of a neoplastic lesion. Disappearance of the mastoid air cells and disruption of the trabecular pattern were also shown on the affected side. The diagnosis was confirmed at operation, and the course was favourable. In accordance with other studies cited, our findings suggest that patients suspected of benign intracranial hypertension can be spared invasive neuroradiological procedures if the computerized tomographic scan of the head is normal.
Bromocriptine-associated ototoxicity
Authors: Lanthier Philippe L. , Morgan Marsha Y. , Ballantyne John 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree patients treated with bromocriptine for chronic hepatic encephalopathy showed audiometric evidence of bilateral sensori-neural hearing-loss. Audiometrically, the hearing improved in all three patients when the bromocriptine dosage was reduced, thus suggesting that this drug may produce a reversible ototoxicity.
Ciliary beat frequency of human middle-ear mucosa measured in vitro
Authors: Roth Y. , Ostfeld E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBrush biopsies from the middle-ear (ME) and nasal mucosa were taken from a 4-year-old girl with complete situs inversus, recurrent otitis media and tonsillitis, who underwent tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy and bilateral myringotomy with insertion of ventilation tubes. Ciliary beat frequencies (CBF, Hz.) of the ME and nasal samples, measured by a photoelectric system equipped with a fiber-optic probe, were 9.5 Hz. (±1.2) and 13.7 Hz. (±4.1) respectively. These values are similar to CBF of nasal samples obtained from normal subjects. In vitro CBF assessment is a useful investigative tool for the study of mucociliary activity in the ME, as in patients suspected to have ciliary dyskinesia syndrome.
Normal growth pattern of the middle ear cleft in the human fetus
Authors: Declau F. , Moeneclaey L. , Marquet J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe normal growth pattern of the middle ear cleft was studied on macro- and histological sections of the human fetus.When compared with adult temporal bones, the inclination of the tympanic ring remains unaltered throughout fetal development.Expansion of the middle ear cleft is caused by intrinsic growth and by lateral displacement of its constituent elements: tympanic ring, otic capsule and squamous bone. Not only are the two mutually different modes of growth movement quite dissimilar in magnitude and direction, but so is their resultant vector for each constituent; this dissimilarity in growth movement leads to a characteristic change in shape of the middle ear cleft and to the curvature of the tympanic membrane. The intrinsic growth of these elements is simultaneously accompanied by remodelling of their shape; lateral displacement of the squamous bone and tympanic ring is caused by the pressure of the enlarging brain. The consequences of developmental disturbances on the normal growth pattern are discussed.
Parental satisfaction with paediatric day-case ENT surgery
Authors: Hicklin L. , Tostevin P. M. J. , Wyatt M. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDay surgery is increasing to improve the efficient use of NHS resources and it is vital that the quality of patient care is not compromised. The Audit Commission has recommended that there should be a systematic appraisal of the patient's views to monitor quality of day care. A survey of parental satisfaction with paediatric day-case surgery provides valuable information for those providing day surgery. A specific area of dissatisfaction previously identified is inadequate pain control following discharge. It is also suggested that day surgery may incur higher costs for the general practitioner.A retrospective study to investigate parental satisfaction with 100 paediatric otorhinolaryngology cases was performed. This study found 96 per cent of parents were happy with the treatment their child received, 89 per cent were satisfied with self-administered simple analgesia and no patients visited their general practitioner on the day following surgery. It is concluded that with careful selection and adequate support the degree of satisfaction with day surgery is high for a wide variety of procedures.
Pictorial assessment of the delivery of oropharyngeal rinse versus oropharyngeal spray
Authors: Patel S. K. , Ghufoor K. , Jayaraj S. M. , McPartlin D. W. , Philpott J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOral rinses/gargles and oral sprays are frequently used in the management of oropharyngeal inflammation. This pictorial study, using methylene blue dye as a marker of the distribution of these topical preparations in the oropharynx, suggests that oral sprays are more effective in coating the oropharynx than oral rinses, whilst oral rinses are better at staining the oral cavity and base of tongue. The authors therefore suggest that oral rinses should be used to treat disease in the oral cavity and oral sprays should be used to treat ailments in the oropharynx.
Langerhans' cell histiocytosis – A rare cause of sudden onset unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Hore I. , Mitchell R. B. , Radcliffe G. , Quiney R. , Walker T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLangerhans' cell histiocytosis is a rare disorder of unknown aetiology in which pathological Langerhans' cells accumulate and destroy local tissue. We report a 38-year-old female who presented with a sudden onset of left sensormeural hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a contrast-enhancing lesion in the left mastoid and a second lesion in the hypothalamus. Following left mastoid exploration and biopsy a definitive diagnosis of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis was made and the patient was treated with external beam radiotherapy. Subsequent right femur and right mastoid involvement were successfully treated with steroids and cytotoxic chemotherapy. At one year follow-up the patient had residual left-sided sensorineural hearing loss with normal hearing in the right ear. To our knowledge, Langerhans' cell histiocytosis has not been previously reported as a cause of unilateral sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of this condition.
An unusual complication of chemotherapy: an abscess in the pterygopalatine fossa
Authors: Lale A. M. , Jani P. J. , Ellis P. D. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAbscesses of the pterygopalatine fossa are extremely rare. The cases reported in the literature are all secondary to dental or periodontal disease. We present a case of an abscess in this site which was a complication of chemotherapy and was the result of haematogenous spread.
Idiopathic midline destructive disease – does it exist?
Authors: Barker T. H. W. , Hosni A. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere is controversy whether idiopathic mid-line destructive disease remains a valid entity, some authors considering that such cases are unrecognized malignant lymphoma or Wegener's disease. A case is presented in which numerous nasal biopsies over several years failed to show evidence of either lymphoma or Wegener's disease. Molecular genetic analysis of archival tissue did not demonstrate a monoclonal lymphoid population. It is proposed that idiopathic mid-line destructive disease remains a valid description in a small number of cases.
‘Collective Stapedectomy’ (An approach to the numbers problem)
Authors: Conrad G. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe results of a first series of fifty stapedectomies, using newly adopted ‘Fisch stapedotomy technique’ are presented and contrasted with ‘world results’ and results of leading otologists.The essential points in the evolution of stapes surgery are outlined.In the light of the small number of deaf otosclerotics the philosophy of who should be performing stapes surgery and who should be trained to perform it, is discussed.The title ‘Collective Stapedectomy’ denotes personal system of collecting patients from the waiting list in batches and operating on each stapedectomy batch in consecutive fashion.
Aniridia and deafness: an inherited disorder
Authors: Courteney-Harris R. G. , Mills R. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA previously unreported association between aniridia and congenital sensorineural deafness is reported in a family in which the father and one child possess the combination of abnormalities. One of the remaining two children also has a congenital sensorineural hearing loss without any occular abnormalities.
Effect of tonsillectomy on recurrent sore throats in adults: patients' perspectives
Authors: Oluwasanmi Adenike Folake , Thornton Martin Robert , Khalil Hisham Saleh , Tierney Paul Anthony 
Published: November 2007

The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of tonsillectomy on the incidence of sore throats and its co-morbidity in adult patients. One hundred and nineteen adult patients were sent a standard questionnaire regarding their symptoms in the 12 months preceding and following their tonsillectomy. Outcome measures included the incidence of sore throats, total number of days with sore throat, amount of time taken off work or school, and number of visits to the general practitioner (GP). In addition, patients were asked to indicate the duration of their symptoms and whether or not they found the tonsillectomy effective in curing their sore throats.Sixty-six patients (55.5 per cent) returned completed questionnaires. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 39 years. The mean duration of symptoms was 8.3 years. On average, patients had 8.1 different sore throat episodes, 42 sore throat days, 21.4 days of sore throat related absence from work or school, and 5.9 visits to the GP in the 12 months before their operation. For the 12 months after surgery, these reduced to 0.9 episodes, four days, 2.2 days and 0.6 visits, respectively. This reduction was very significant (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test).After their surgery, more than half the patients achieved complete resolution of all the measured parameters mentioned above. Most of the remaining patients achieved at least 50 per cent resolution. Only three patients (4.8 per cent) achieved less than 50 per cent resolution. Ninety-five per cent of the patients found the operation effective in curing their sore throats and were glad they had had surgery.In conclusion, retrospective questionnaire data must be interpreted with some caution, but this study suggests that tonsillectomy is effective in reducing the incidence, duration and co-morbidity of recurrent sore throats in adults; this must be balanced against the post-operative problems in a minority of patients.
The mental health of clean-up workers 18 years after the Chernobyl accident
Authors: Loganovsky K. , Havenaar J. M. , Tintle N. L. , Guey L. T. , Kotov R. , Bromet E. J. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundThe psychological aftermath of the Chernobyl accident is regarded as the largest public health problem unleashed by the accident to date. Yet the mental health of the clean-up workers, who faced the greatest radiation exposure and threat to life, has not been systematically evaluated. This study describes the long-term psychological effects of Chernobyl in a sample of clean-up workers in Ukraine.MethodThe cohorts were 295 male clean-up workers sent to Chernobyl between 1986 and 1990 interviewed 18 years after the accident (71% participation rate) and 397 geographically matched controls interviewed as part of the Ukraine World Mental Health (WMS) Survey 16 years after the accident. The World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered. We examined group differences in common psychiatric disorders, suicide ideation and severe headaches, differential effects of disorder on days lost from work, and in the clean-up workers, the relationship of exposure severity to disorder and current trauma and somatic symptoms. Analyses were adjusted for age in 1986 and mental health prior to the accident.ResultsRelatively more clean-up workers than controls experienced depression (18.0% v. 13.1%) and suicide ideation (9.2% v. 4.1%) after the accident. In the year preceding interview, the rates of depression (14.9% v. 7.1%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (4.1% v. 1.0%) and headaches (69.2% v. 12.4%) were elevated. Affected workers lost more work days than affected controls. Exposure level was associated with current somatic and PTSD symptom severity.ConclusionsLong-term mental health consequences of Chernobyl were observed in clean-up workers.
The prevalence, distribution and severity of detectable pathological lesions in badgers naturally infected withMycobacterium bovis
Authors: JENKINS H. E. , MORRISON W. I. , COX D. R. , DONNELLY C. A. , JOHNSTON W. T. , BOURNE F. J. , CLIFTON-HADLEY R. S. , GETTINBY G. , McINERNEY J. P. , WATKINS G. H. , WOODROFFE R. 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARYThe Randomized Badger Culling Trial (RBCT) began in 1998 to determine the impact of badger culling in controlling bovine tuberculosis in cattle. A total of 1166 badgers (14% of total) proactively culled during the RBCT were found to be tuberculous, offering a unique opportunity to study the pathology caused byMycobacterium bovisin a large sample of badgers. Of these, 39% of adults (~6% of all adults culled) had visible lesions (detectable at necropsy) of bovine tuberculosis; cubs had a lower prevalence of infection (9%) but a higher percentage of tuberculous cubs (55·5%) had visible lesions. Only ~1% of adult badgers had extensive, severe pathology. Tuberculous badgers with recorded bite wounds (~5%) had a higher prevalence of visible lesions and a different distribution of lesions, suggesting transmission via bite wounds. However, the predominance of lesions in the respiratory tract indicates that most transmission occurs by the respiratory route.
Third Graders’ Metalinguistic Skills, Reading Skills, and Stress Production in Derived English Words
Authors: Jarmulowicz Linda , Taran Valentina L. , Hay Sarah E. 
Published: November 2007

Purpose
This study examined relationships between 3rd graders’ metalinguistic skills (phonological and morphological awareness), reading skills (decoding and word identification), and accurate stress production in derived words with stress-changing suffixes.

Method

Seventy-six typically developing 3rd-grade children (
M
= 8;8[years;months]) participated in a battery of tests measuring general oral language ability, phonological and morphological awareness skills, reading skills, and derived word production.

Results
Significant positive correlations between stress accuracy in derived words and all other measures were found. Two multiple regressions were run, one with stress accuracy as the outcome variable and the other with decoding as the outcome variable. Metalinguistic and decoding skills independently accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in derived word stress production beyond that accounted for by age and general oral language ability. When decoding was the outcome variable, accurate stress production explained a significant amount of variance (11%) after phonological and morphological awareness were controlled.

Conclusion
The relationship between accurate stress production and decoding appears to be strong and bidirectional. Possibly, the stress accuracy measure taps into another level of phonological awareness (i.e., morphophonological awareness), which develops later than typical segmental measures of phonological awareness.
Running performance, not anthropometric factors, is associated with race success in a Triple Iron Triathlon
Authors: Knechtle B , Kohler G 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:To investigate the influence of anthropometric parameters on race performance in ultra-endurance triathletes.Design:Descriptive field study.Setting:The Triple Iron Triathlon Germany 2006 in Lensahn over 11.6 km swimming, 540 km cycling and 126.6 km running.Subjects:17 male Caucasian triathletes (mean (SD) 39.2 (7.5) years, 80.7 (8.9) kg, 178 (5) cm, BMI 25.4 (2.4) kg/m2).Interventions:None.Main outcome measurements:Determination of body mass, body height, skin fold thicknesses, circumferences of extremities, as well as calculation of body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SM), per cent SM (%SM) and per cent body fat (%BF) in order to correlate measured and calculated anthropometric parameters with race performance.Results:Body mass, body height, skin fold thicknesses, circumferences of extremities, BMI, %SM and %BF had no effect (p>0.05) on race performance. No significant correlation (p>0.05) was observed between total race time and any of the directly measured and calculated anthropometric properties. A significant correlation (p<0.05) was observed between total race time and both running time (r2 = 0.87) and cycling time (r2 = 0.62). In contrast, no significant correlation (p>0.05) was shown between swimming time and total race time.Conclusions:There is no significant association between anthropometric parameters and race performance in ultra-endurance triathletes. Running performance rather than cycling performance seems to be the most important factor in order to be successful in a Triple Iron Triathlon. Swimming performance seems to be of low importance.
End-of-life decisions in medical practice: a survey of doctors in Victoria (Australia)
Authors: Neil D A , Coady C A J , Thompson J , Kuhse H 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:To discover the current state of opinion and practice among doctors in Victoria, Australia, regarding end-of-life decisions and the legalisation of voluntary euthanasia. Longitudinal comparison with similar 1987 and 1993 studies.Design and participants:Cross-sectional postal survey of doctors in Victoria.Results:53% of doctors in Victoria support the legalisation of voluntary euthanasia. Of doctors who have experienced requests from patients to hasten death, 35% have administered drugs with the intention of hastening death. There is substantial disagreement among doctors concerning the definition ofeuthanasia.Conclusions:Disagreement among doctors concerning the meaning of the termeuthanasiamay contribute to misunderstanding in the debate over voluntary euthanasia. Among doctors in Victoria, support for the legalisation of voluntary euthanasia appears to have weakened slightly over the past 17 years. Opinion on this issue is sharply polarised.
Surgical adverse outcomes and patients' evaluation of quality of care: inherent risk or reduced quality of care?
Authors: Marang-van de Mheen P J , van Duijn-Bakker N , Kievit J 
Published: November 2007

Abstract

Background
Previous research has shown that sicker patients are less satisfied with their healthcare, but specific effects of adverse health outcomes have not been investigated. The present study aimed to assess whether patients who experience adverse outcomes, in hospital or after discharge, differ in their evaluation of quality of care compared with patients without adverse outcomes.

Method
Inhospital adverse outcomes were prospectively recorded by surgeons and surgical residents as part of routine care. Four weeks after discharge, patients were interviewed by telephone about the occurrence of post-discharge adverse outcomes, and their overall evaluation of quality of hospital care and specific suggestions for improvements in the healthcare provided.

Results
Of 2145 surgical patients admitted to the Leiden University Medical Center in 2003, 1876 (88%) agreed to be interviewed. Overall evaluation was less favourable by patients who experienced post-discharge adverse outcomes only (average 19% lower). These patients were also more often dissatisfied (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.31) than patients without adverse outcomes, and they more often suggested that improvements were needed in medical care (OR 2.07, 1.45 to 2.95) and that patients were discharged too early (OR 3.26, 1.72 to 6.20). The effect of inhospital adverse outcomes alone was not statistically significant. Patients with both inhospital and post-discharge adverse outcomes also found the quality of care to be lower (on average 33% lower) than patients without adverse outcomes.

Conclusions
Post-discharge adverse outcomes negatively influence patients’ overall evaluation of quality of care and are perceived as being discharged too early, suggesting that patients need better information at discharge.