bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal cerebral oxygenation is not linked to foetal vasculitis and predicts intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Authors: Sorensen Line C , Maroun Lisa L , Borch Klaus , Lou Hans C , Greisen Gorm 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of the study was to compare the cerebral tissue oxygenation index (c‐TOI) measured by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in infants with and without foetal vasculitis.Methods: Twenty‐four infants with placental signs of a foetal inflammatory response (FIR), foetal vasculitis, were compared with 39 controls. NIRS examination was done within the first 24 h.Results: Infants with FIR had a significant lower gestational age (26.8 ± 2.4 vs. 29.8 ± 2.4 weeks' gestation; p < 0.01), Hb (9.4 ± 1.2 vs. 10.9 ± 1.5 mM; p < 0.01) and blood PCO2 (5.5 ± 0.8 vs. 6.3 ± 1.1 kPa, p < 0.01) compared to controls. There was no significant difference in arterial blood pressure, inspiratory oxygen content, needs of mechanical ventilation or c‐TOI (73.6 ± 8.1% vs. 73.9 ± 8.1% (p = 0.9)). The effect of FIR on c‐TOI was −0.3% (95% CI −3.9 to 4.5%). This result was not affected by inclusion of potential confounders in the analysis.Eight infants subsequently developed intra/periventricular haemorrhage: four with minor lesions and four with severe lesions. There was a significant negative correlation between the severity of the intraventricular haemorrhage and the cerebral oxygenation (p = 0.002).Conclusion: Cerebral oxygenation was not affected in the first day of life in preterm infants born with foetal vasculitis, while cerebral oxygenation in infants that later developed intraventricular haemorrhage was impaired.
Women with non‐Swedish speaking background and their children: a longitudinal study of uptake of care and maternal and child health
Authors: Fabian Helena , Rådestad Ingela , Rodriguez Alina , Waldenström Ulla 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAim: To study uptake of care at the antenatal and child health clinic (CHC), and maternal and child health up to 5 years after the birth, as reported by mothers with a non‐Swedish speaking background (NSB).Methods: A sample of 300 women with a NSB, 175 originated from a poor country and 125 originated from a rich country, were compared with a reference group of 2761 women with a Swedish speaking background. Four postal questionnaires were completed: during pregnancy, and 2 months, 1 year and 5 years after the birth.Results: Mothers with a NSB from a poor country of origin did not differ from the reference group of mothers with a Swedish speaking background regarding number of clinic visits, but they had a lower attendance rate at antenatal and postnatal education classes. Depressive symptoms, parental stress and poor self‐rated health were more common in these women, and they reported more psychological and behavioral problems in their 5‐year olds. Women with a rich country origin did not differ from the reference group regarding maternal and child health, but had a lower uptake of all out‐patient care, except parental classes after the birth.Conclusion: Women originating from a poor country seem to be under great stress during pregnancy and the child's first years.
Wanting Nothing: imitation and production in the economy of desire
Authors: Daniels John 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDesire is examined here with a view to informing a theological response to capitalism. The notion of mimetic desire offered by René Girard is used as a starting point, Girard's ideas being brought into critical engagement with, first, other intersubjective accounts, namely those offered by Alexandre Kojève and by psychoanalysis in its Freudian and Lacanian variants; and then the account of desire as productive becoming offered by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, in which the link to capitalism is explicit. It is suggested that both mimetic desire and its productive counterpart can be understood as asserting the priority of desire itself over both subject and object. The possibilities for framing a coherent theological account of desire which is both mimetic and productive are then assessed with reference to Bernard of Clairvaux, Aquinas and Augustine, noting that accepting a metaphysics of participation makes plausible a productive desire which is nonetheless coded as a mimesis of the divine precedent. Such a conclusion brings into relief the inevitable difficulty of reconciling Christian and capitalist economies of desire.
On Getting First Things First: Assessing Claims for the Primacy of Christ
Authors: Habets Myk 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAdopting modal logic the doctrine of the primacy of Christ is defined and defended in relation to the Thomistic – Scotistic debates over the primary and efficient causes of the incarnation. This leads to a defence of the Scotistic thesis and a reserved affirmation for the Scotistic hypothesis that there would have been an incarnation irrespective of the fall. This hypothesis is tested by reference to the work of four recent theologians, Thomas Weinandy O.F.M. cap., Karl Barth, Jürgen Moltmann, and Thomas Torrance. Finally, a sketch describing another possible‐world incarnation that builds upon the Scotistic hypothesis is provided.
The Hidden Story of Jesus
Authors: O'Collins Gerald 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOn Christmas Day 2007, Channel Four took its viewers for two hours on an alleged search for ‘the real Jesus’. The programme largely failed to introduce any real experts; there were errors and painful gaps in the ‘information’ provided; there was hardly any recognition that, over and over again, there was another side to the positions being presented. Among the fantasies once again trotted out was Jesus’ supposed life and death in India, a ‘thesis’ that was invented without a shred of evidence in the 1890s. The presenter repeatedly pushed theories about early followers of Jesus reworking beliefs and practices from Gnostic and other sources. St Paul was portrayed as the ‘real’ founder of Christianity, without a word being said about this view being proposed and long ago refuted. The poor quality of this programme was astounding. One expects something much better, especially on Christmas Day.
Ethics and Religion
Authors: Sia Santiago 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecent debate on the relationship between morality and religious belief has tended to cast the role of religion in a negative light. While there are certain facts that may support this view, a philosophical investigation of the link between ethics and religion can contribute to the debate by focusing on certain fundamental issues. Noting the importance of the debate and showing the implications of whichever side one takes, this article argues that the claims for a purely humanistic ethics can be supported by an empirical observation, a philosophical argument and even on theological grounds. At the same time, however, it defends the view that religious belief in a personal God can have a positive contribution to morality by way of vision and motivation.
The End of the Law: The Messianic Torah in the Pseudepigrapha
Authors: Tait Michael 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLike the Messianic Banquet, the Messianic Torah is a concept frequently encountered among New Testament scholars. It seems to be presupposed as a category well known to first century Judaism and, therefore, to be a yardstick against which Jesus’ ‘legislative’ activity could and can be measured. An examination of this concept begins with the tension in Jewish thought between the eternity of the Mosaic Law and the various strategies designed to supplement its inadequacy to deal with contemporary situations. Given that the unique circumstances of the Messianic Age involve a further complication, the relevant texts are reviewed for their contributions to the problem. The Old Testament writers look to a deepening of observance of the Mosaic Law in the eschatological times. The Pseudepigrapha offer little more apart from a hint of Messianic legislation in Psalms of Solomon 17. Even the gospels do not show us a Jesus who fits readily into the model of a Messianic legislator. In fact St John probably pictures him as the embodiment of the Torah, the Word made flesh. The conclusion is that, whatever the later rabbinic teaching on the subject, the idea of the Messianic Torah is a scholarly construct as far as the New Testament is concerned.
Clark's In the Deep Midwinter and Hansen's Atticus: Examples of a Two-fold Literature of Life
Authors: Deavel Catherine Jack , Deavel David Paul 
Published: July 2008

AbstractJohn Paul II's “Letter to Artists” identified two ways artists, particularly literary artists, can help reveal the nature of man to himself by showing both 1) the threat to human dignity from humans themselves, as well as 2) the possibility of transcendence and redemption as achievement and divine gift breaking into this life. We offer close readings of two contemporary novels as examples. The first way is illustrated by Robert Clark's In the Deep Midwinter, a novel at whose centre is an illegal abortion in the 1950's. We argue that the novel's portrait of suffering and abiding loss effectively shows the devastating effects of moral evil. The characters are conflicted in their desires and chosen actions, and they defend different positions; however, the plot in particular underscores the harm humans can inflict on themselves and others. The second way is illustrated using Hansen's Atticus. We argue that the character of Atticus serves both as an example of a virtuous Christian everyman and as an allegorical representation of God the Father. Redemption becomes possible for the dissolute son Scott when he turns to Atticus, his loving father, for forgiveness.
Australasian emergency physicians: A Learning and educational needs analysis. Part Five: Barriers to CPD experienced by FACEM, and attitudes to the ACEM MOPS programme
Authors: Dent Andrew W , Weiland Tracey J , Paltridge Debbie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObject:  To determine the barriers to continuous professional development (CPD) perceived by Fellows of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (FACEM), their opinions on the maintenance of professional standards programme (MOPS), and other aspects of education.Method:  Mailed survey offering 12 factors that could prevent them from participating in CPD. FACEM were asked to rate the items on Likert from 1, no barrier, through to 5, insurmountable barrier. Qualitative comments on barriers, MOPS and other education were grouped.Results:  Nearly 47% of FACEM nominated lack of time with too many other priorities as significant of insurmountable barriers to CPD whilst 41% cited their ED as being too busy to leave and 35% had family commitments preventing CPD. While commitments, resistance from colleagues or employers (7%), lack of personal motivation or interest, (7.5%) lack of conference leave (8%) or financial restraint (14.5%) were lesser barriers for FACEM. Scheduling at inconvenient times (25%) and geographical factors (19%) were also perceived as significant barriers. Analysis of qualitative responses highlighted staff shortages, family reasons, personal fatigue, lack of interest in available CPD, cost and limited nonclinical time as being important barriers for some FACEM. Less than 50% of FACEM agreed that current allocation of MOPS points was appropriate or that the website spot diagnoses and scenarios kept their knowledge current. Nearly 28% did not find online MOPS easy to comprehend.Conclusion:  These findings may assist in facilitating increased participation in CPD by FACEM.
Review article: Leaving the emergency department without being seen
Authors: Kennedy Marcus , MacBean Catherine E , Brand Caroline , Sundararajan Vijaya , McD Taylor David 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPatients who leave the ED without being seen (LWBS) are unlikely to be satisfied with the quality of the service provided and might be at risk from conditions that have not been assessed or treated. We therefore examined the available research literature to inform the following questions: (i) In patients who attend for ED care, what factors are associated with the decision to LWBS? (ii) In patients who attend for ED care, are there adverse health outcomes associated with the decision to LWBS? (iii) Which interventions have been used to try to reduce the number of patients who attend for ED care and LWBS? From the available literature, there was insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions; however, the literature does suggest that patients who LWBS have conditions of lower urgency and lower acuity, are more likely to be male and younger, and are likely to identify prolonged waiting times as a central concern. LWBS patients generally have very low rates of subsequent admission, and reports of serious adverse events are rare. Many LWBS patients go on to seek alternative medical attention, and they might have higher rates of ongoing symptoms at follow‐up. Further research is recommended to include comprehensive cohort or well‐designed case–control studies. These studies should assess a wide range of related factors, including patient, hospital and other relevant factors. They should compare outcomes for groups of LWBS patients with those who wait and should include cross‐sectoral data mapping to truly detect re‐attendance and admission rates.
Re‐presentation and suicide rates in emergency department patients who self‐harm
Authors: Howson Mark A , Yates Kim M , Hatcher Simon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:  To investigate adult presentations to North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, following deliberate self‐harm, determine re‐presentation and suicide rates and investigate the characteristics of those patients who re‐present.Methods:  Retrospective review of a cohort of adult patients presenting to North Shore Hospital Emergency Care Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, with deliberate self‐harm between 1 January 2001 and 31 August 2002, using data from the National Minimum Data Set and Hospital Discharge Database. The re‐presentation rate was calculated as the percentage of patients presenting a second time within 1 year of their index presentation. The suicide rate was calculated as the percentage of patients with a coroner's verdict of suicide within 1 year of their index presentation of deliberate self‐harm.Results:  There were 1055 presentations by 754 people during the presentation period. Of these 754 people, 136 presented for a second time within a year of the index case (136/754 [18.0%, 95% CI 15.5–21.0]). Eight of the seven hundred and fifty‐four people went on to commit suicide within 1 year (8/754 [1.1%, 95% CI 0.5–2.1]). Self‐poisoning was the most common method of self‐harm. Minor tranquillizers were used more commonly in the group who re‐presented.Conclusion:  Re‐presentation and suicide rates in our study were similar to previously published rates. Further research is needed to identify strategies to reduce re‐presentations and excess mortality in all people who deliberately self‐harm.
Introduction of emergency medicine in China
Authors: Hou Xiang‐Yu , FitzGerald Gerard 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOver the past 20 years, emergency medicine (EM) in China has been through a period of rapid development. This included the formal establishment of professional association of EM in 1986 and the establishment of ED in all county‐level hospitals across the country in the late 1990s. In line with the rapid economic development of China, ED have been equipped with appropriate ‘hardware’ equipment, but the ‘software’ part of the ED system remains underdeveloped. Doctors do not usually work exclusively in ED, but on a rotational basis, while also working as specialists in their own departments, such as medicine and surgery. EM in China remains underdeveloped, at least partly, for two main reasons: the current financial status of the health‐care system and lack of sufficient numbers of qualified EM specialists. Chinese education and training systems are now beginning to produce high‐quality emergency specialists, although there is not yet consistency across all courses. In Australia, the specialty of EM is well developed and, as such, this country is well placed to contribute to the development of ED in China.
Australasian emergency physicians: A learning and educational needs analysis. Part six: Differences in confidence, exposure to learning and expressed learning needs by subgroups of Australasian emergency physicians
Authors: Dent Andrew W , Paltridge Debbie , Weiland Tracey J 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:  To determine differences in the confidence and learning needs between subgroups of Fellows of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (FACEM), according to sex, type of hospital of principal employment, region of practice in Australasia, year of obtaining the fellowship and percentage of hours worked clinically.Method:  Mailed survey of all FACEM with multiple Likert scale options.Results:  Male emergency physicians (EP) more often expressed confidence in 14 of 58 tasks, but female EP more often expressed a strong desire for continuing professional development (CPD) in 8. EP working in private hospitals were more likely to find lack of conference in their contracts a barrier to participation in CPD (28% [CI 14.1–47.8]vs 7.3% [CI 5.2–10.1]; P = 0.003). EP obtaining their fellowship before 1990 were more confident in 13 of 25 non‐clinical tasks than others but had similar confidence in clinical skills. Although EP who spent 30% or less on clinical work expressed confidence more frequently in a range of non‐clinical skills, they were less confident for paediatric emergencies, central lines, orthopaedics and tube thoracostomy. There were few variations between Australian states and territories and New Zealand in confidence of EP. EP in regional and rural centres nominated geographical factors (31.3% [CI 21.2–43.4]vs 17.2% [CI 13.9–21.3]; P = 0.012), other colleagues being at the same conference (46.9% [CI 35.2–58.9]vs 28.3% [CI 24.2–32.9]; P = 0.005) and inability to use their conference leave (48.4% [CI 36.6–60.4]vs 33.1% [CI 28.7–37.8]; P = 0.024) as significant barriers more frequently than their city colleagues.Conclusion:  These findings might assist planning CPD for EP.
Accuracy of current clinical diagnosis in recreational drug‐related attendance to the emergency department
Authors: West Emma , Cameron Peter , O'Reilly Gerard , Drummer Olaf H , Bystrzycki Adam 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:  To determine the accuracy of current clinical diagnosis in recreational drug‐related attendances to emergency by blood analysis.Methods:  A prospective convenience sample of 103 patients who attended hospital with suspected recreational drug‐related presentations was collected. Doctors' clinical impression of drugs responsible for presentation was compared with a detailed forensic blood analysis for recreational drugs.Results:  Among 103 samples, 80 (78%, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 70–86%) were found to have correct clinical suspicion of the recreational drug responsible for clinical presentation confirmed by laboratory analysis. Clinical diagnosis was most accurate for gamma‐hydroxy butyrate (GHB) (sensitivity 97%, specificity 91%) and less accurate for amphetamines (sensitivity 61%, specificity 79%), alcohol (sensitivity 42%, specificity 84%) and opiates (sensitivity 46%, specificity 100%). Multiple drug ingestion was found in 70% (95% CI 61–79%) of samples. Sensitivity and specificity of clinical impression for prediction of multiple drug ingestion presence is 75% (95% CI 66–83%) and 85% (95% CI 78–92%), respectively.Conclusion:  Clinical diagnosis in recreational drug‐related attendances to the ED was correct in most cases. Drugs, such as GHB, were the most accurately diagnosed. Inaccuracy in recognizing other drugs, like amphetamines, opiates and alcohol, occurs where a coingestant produces a more profound clinical picture. Multiple drug ingestion is a common scenario in recreational drug presentations to emergency.
North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) seasonal and diel calling patterns from long‐term acoustic recordings in the southeastern Bering Sea, 2000–2006
Authors: Munger Lisa M. , Wiggins Sean M. , Moore Sue E. , Hildebrand John A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe assessed North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) seasonal and daily calling patterns in the southeastern Bering Sea (SEBS) using long‐term hydrophone recordings from October 2000 through January 2006. We detected right whale calls on the SEBS middle shelf (<100 m depth) as early as May, intermittently throughout summer and fall, and as late as December. Calls also were detected on one day in June 2005 on the SEBS slope (>1,000 m), but were not detected near Kodiak Island from April to August 2003. In months with calls, detections occurred on more days in July–October (≥6 d/mo), than from May to June or November to December (≤3 d/mo). Calls were clustered in time and were usually detected on 1–3 consecutive days with a median interval of 6.5 d for calls >1 d apart. Hourly calling rates were significantly higher at night than during the day. These data indicate that right whales occur in the SEBS later in the year than previously known, intermittently pass through the middle‐shelf study region, and usually remain there no longer than a few days. Right whale habitat use in the SEBS may intensify in mid‐summer through early fall based on higher monthly and daily call detection rates.
The English Student Movement: An Evaluation of the Literature
Authors: Hanna Esmee 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article explores the state of the field of student movement research. I suggest there could be seen to be stagnation within the field of investigation, and resultant under‐researching of some countries student movements, and I will make specific reference to the student movement of England in the late 1960s/early 1970s as a case in point of this. I argue that there has been unsatisfactory sole‐causalities, such as issues of youth, issues seen as ‘triggers’, and political factors, attributed to the English student movement, and that this fails both to understand fully the significance and individuality of the English student movement, but also assumes a fit with New social movement (NSM) theory. I argue that we cannot automatically equate NSM's and student movements without thorough empirical research, and that we need to look to a synthesis of social movement theories in order to understand fully student movements.