bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic signal intensity on Tl‐ weighted fat saturation MR images: Clinical correlation
Authors: Winston Corrine B. , Mitchell Donald G. , Cutwater Eric K. , Ehrlich Saundra M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo determine whether signal intensity (SI) of the pancreas that was less than that of liver on Tl‐ weighted fat‐suppressed (T1FS) magnetic resonance (MR) images could be used to help predict the presence of pancreatic disease, three blinded independent observers graded pancreatic SI relative to liver and/or renal cortex in 89 patients on T1PS images. Results were correlated with patient age and diagnosis. Among the 47 patients with a clinically normal pancreas, pancreatic SI was higher than that of liver in 42 and equal to that of liver in the rest, none of whom had evidence of fatty pancreas. These five patients had a mean age of 71 years, compared with 55 years for patients whose pancreas was more intense than liver (P=.02). Of the 42 patients with a clinically abnormal pancreas, only eight had pancreatic SI higher than that of liver. The positive predictive value for normal pancreas of an SI higher than that of liver was 84% and the positive predictive value for abnormal pancreas of an SI less than or equal to that of liver was 88%, with an overall accuracy of 86%. If normal pancreatic SI is defined as higher than that of liver for patients younger than 60 years and as equal to or higher than that of liver for patients older than 60 years, the positive predictive value of normal SI becomes 76%, the positive predictive value of decreased SI becomes 100%, and the overall accuracy becomes 83%. Pancreatic SI less than that of liver correlates highly with pancreatic disease, especially in younger patients. Mildly decreased pancreatic SI, equal to that of nondiseased liver, is common in older persons without clinically apparent pancreatic disease.
MR imaging of myositis ossificans: Variable patterns at different stages
Authors: Shirkhoda Ali , Armin Ali‐Reza , Bis Kostaki G. , Makris John , Irwin Ronald B. , Shetty Anil N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFive patients with a palpable mass at presentation underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The final diagnosis was myositis ossificans (MO). MR imaging features, particularly after injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine, mimicked those of an inflammatory mass or neoplasm. The lesions were excised in three patients, and the Images were correlated with histologic findings. Three different appearances were noted on MR images, corresponding to the stages of maturation of MO. Two cases Involved early‐stage lesions, and Tl‐weighted MR images showed a mass with homogeneous intermediate signal intensity. Both lesions showed rim enhancement after contrast agent injection and high signal intensity on T2‐weighted images. Pathologic specimens demonstrated stroma with masses of spindle cells in which osteoid production was interspersed. The enhanced rim of the lesion mimicked the expected MR appearance of an abscess or necrotic tumor. Areas of enhancement in adjacent muscle were also seen on postcontrast T1‐weighted images. Intermediate‐stage MO was present in one case; there was evidence of a thin rim of calcification on plain radiographs and fatty changes in the lesion on T1‐weighted Images, corresponding with histologic findings. One case of a mature lesion showed a considerable degree of peripheral calcification both on MR images and at histology. MR imaging is nonspecific in the diagnosis of early‐stage MO.
Validation of cine phase‐contrast MR imaging for motion analysis
Authors: Lingamneni Anila , Hardy Peter A. , Powell Kimerly A. , Pelc Norbert J. , White Richard D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe accuracy of cine phase‐contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for motion analysis was evaluated. By using a rotating phantom and postprocessing algorithm for phase tracking, errors arising during data acquisition were identified and compensation methods were developed. A spatially varying background phase offset in the velocity images was found to be due to eddy current‐induced fields. The magnitude of the offset was in the range of 0–20 cm/sec, which is of the same order of magnitude as cardiac contractile velocities. Background offset is thus an important source of error in tracking cardiac motion. Study of different tracking algorithms revealed the need for an integration scheme using motion terms higher than velocity. Also, considerable improvement in the accuracy and stability of the predicted trajectories was obtained by averaging the trajectories proceeding both forward and backward in time from the starting point. With the algorithm developed, the motion of the phantom was tracked through a complete rotation of the phantom to an accuracy of 2 pixels.
Accuracy of MR phase contrast velocity measurements for unsteady flow
Authors: Frayne Richard , Steinman David A. , Rutt Brian K. , Ethier C. Ross 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe accuracy of MR phase contrast (PC) velocity measurements for unsteady flow has been quantitatively assessed. Spatially resolved velocity fields were measured in a long straight tube using a gated PC technique. and the resulting MR PC velocity data were compared with velocities derived from the analytic Womeraley solution to the Navier‐Stokes equations governing fluid flow. The overall root‐meansquare (rms) difference between the measured and analytic velocities was 1.6 cm s−1 for nominally sinusoidal flow waveforms with peak velocities ranging from 51.6 cm s−1 to 59.8 cm s−1 This rms difference corresponded to 7.5% of the mean fluid velocity, which is similar to the cited accuracy of approximately 5% for MR PC velocimetry for steady flows. Linear regression between the PC velocity measurements and the velocities obtained using the analytic expression was highly significant (r2 = 0.997) and yielded a slope of 0.998, close to the expected value of 1. We conclude that the gated MR PC velocity measurements in unsteady flow are accurate.
Unusual MR features in a case of completely thrornbosed giant aneurysm of the posterior cerebral artery
Authors: Rastogi H. , Gupta R. K. , Gujral R. B. , Jain V. K. , Pandey R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn unusual case of completely thmmbosed giant aneurysm of the left posterior arebrsl artery, ohowing much morc lors of signal on T2‐wdghtcd imagca compared with T2*‐wdghtcd imagea in the periphuy d the thrombus ie pnmted. pocuible mcchadam of this preferential dgml loss on T2‐ weighted images is discussed.
Imaging of ovarian cancer
Authors: Forstner Rosemarie , Chen Min , Hricak Hedvig 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCross sectional imaging continues to play an increasingly important role in ovarian cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment follow‐up. Screening for ovarian cancer remains a controversial subject. The combined use of clinical examination, CA‐125, and endovaginal ultrasound (US) are being advocated for high risk patients but consensus recommendation for screening awaits further studies. in characterization of an ovarian neoplasm US is indisputedly the primary imaging approach. Only when US is inconclusive are further studies warranted. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is generally preferred to computer tomography (CT). A prospective MRI‐CT clinical trial has not been performed as yet. Preoperative staging by imaging is slowly gaining its acceptance. This is mostly due to the awareness of the difficulties and inaccuracy in surgical staging when unsuspected extensive disease is present. Furthermore, in known resectable ovarian cancer, primary chemotherapeutic cytoreduction may be a better treatment option. Accuracy of CT and MRI in staging ovarian cancer is similar. CT, however, is faster, more widely available, and less expensive; these are important attributes that are decisive in this time of health reimbursement constraints.
Ex Vivo Evaluation of Ferromagnetism, Heating, and Artifacts of Breast Tissue Expanders Exposed to a 1.5‐T MR System
Authors: Pagan Linda‐Lynn , Shellock Frank G. , Brenner R. James , Rothman Barry 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree breast tissue expanders were evaluated for compatibility with MR imaging (1.5 Tesla). The metallic components of the breast tissue expanders were shown to be nonferromagnetic, heating .2°C and the artifacts varied. These results indicate that MR procedures may be performed safely in patients with these implants; however, artifacts may obscure Implant leaks or breast lesions if located near and metal portion of the breast tissue expanders.
Hyperparathyroidism: A comparison of sestamibi scintigraphy, mri, and ultrasonography
Authors: Numerow Leonard M. , Morita Eugene T. , Clark Orlo H. , Higgins Charles B 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor patients with persistent or recurrent hyperpara‐thyroldism, parathyroid imaging is indicated to confirm the presence of abnormal parathyroid gland(s) and identify their location. These imaging techniques are being modified constantly and newer methods have been developed. Sestamibi scintigraphy, MRI and sonography were compared in 23 patients with persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. Preoperative 99m‐Technetium Sestamibi (MIBI), MRI and ultraaono‐graphic (US) studies of 23 patients with 25 histopatho‐logically confirmed abnormal parathyroid glands were compared, using independent prospective interpretations. All patients had been operated upon previously for hyperparthytroidism. Accuracy of various combinations of MRI. MIBI, and US also were calculated. The results are shown for all abnormal glands (n = 25): sensitivities and accuracies were 88 and 84% for MRI. 80 and 80% for MIBI. and 58 and 44% for US. For only parathyroid adenomas (n = 18). sensitivities and accuracies were 89 and 89% for MRI, 94 and 94% for MIBI. and 58 and 39% for US. Finally, for parathyroid hyperplasla (n = 7 glands in five patients), sensitivities and accuracies were 83 and 71% for MRI. 43 and 43% for MIBI, and 57 and 57% for US. Either MIBI or MRI results were significantly better for detecting abnormal parathyroid glands than US (P <0.01), but MRI and MIBI were not statistically different. Combining MRI and MIBI produced a combined accuracy of 92%, whereas combining either of these tests with US did not improve on the accuracy of either test alone. In conclusion, for patients with persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism, MRI and MIBI are equally accurate for detecting abnormal parathyroid glands, and the combination of both tests may be more accurate than either test alone.
Paramagnetic polymerized liposomes as new recirculating MR contrast agents
Authors: Storrs Richard W. , Tropper FrançOis D. , Li Henry Y. , Song Curtis K. , Sipkins Dorothy A. , Kuniyoshi Jeremy K. , Bednarski Mark D. , Strauss H. William , Li King C. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe a well‐tolerated blood pool contrast agent with extended reclrculatory half‐life based on paramagnetic polymerized liposomes (PPLs). PPLs were constructed from a new type of polymerizable lipid molecule that has a derivative of gadopentetate dimeghimine as the hydrophilic head group and diacetylene groups in the hydrophobia acyl chains, which cross‐link when irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. Biodistributlon, blood pool half‐life, and MR image enhancement were determined for PPLs composed of 10% of the gadopentetate dimeglumine lipid and 90% of ditricosadiynoyl tricosadiynayl phospha‐tidylcholine (DAPC) at a dose of 0.015 mmnol Gd+3/kg in rats. In T1‐weighed MR images (TR/TE = 400/18 msec), an average signal enhancement of 34% in the kidneys and 20% in the liver was observed, which persisted for at least 90 minutes after administration of the PPLs. Biodistribution studies using radiolabe‐led PPLs confirmed that 80% of the injected dose remained in the blood pool after 2 hours. The half‐life of elimination from the blood pool was 19 hours. The preparation was well tolerated in rats and produced similar MR contrast enhancement of the blood pool as produced by other liposome contrast agents. However, the half‐life of PPL elimination from the blood pool was prolonged relative to other liposome systems.
Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion studies of water‐soluble gadolinium(iii)‐texaphyrin complexes
Authors: Geraldes C. F. G. C. , Sherry A. D. , Vallet P. , Maton F. , Muller R. N. , Mody T. D. , Hemmi G. , Sessler J. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWater proton 1/T1 nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles were measured for a water‐soluble gadolinium(III) texaphyrin (Gd‐tex) complex as a function of temperature and in the presence and absence of 5% human serum albumin (HSA). Upon dissolving the complex in water (0.259 mM), the water relaxivity values decreased with time but remained higher than those of free Gd3+(aq)at all fields. Concurrent measurements of free Gd3+ using metallochromic dyes indicated that demetallation of the texaphyrin did not occur over a period of several days at 37°C. The high relaxivity values and shape of the NMRD profile of this complex may be ascribed to a combination of large water coordination number (q estimated at 3.5) and long TR. Upon mixing an aqueous solution of the complex with 5% HSA, the low‐field water relaxivity slightly decreased whereas the high‐field relaxivity Increased relative to the free complex in water, and the relaxivities became nearly independent of temperature. These observations indicate that water exchange between the inner coordination sphere of Gd‐tex and bulk water becomes limiting in the presence of HSA.
Three‐dimensional triple quantum‐filtered 23na imaging of rabbit kidney with weighted signal averaging
Authors: Bansal Navin , Seshan Viswanathan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLow signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) has been the main obstacle to multiple quantum‐filtered 23Na imaging becoming an important technique for biologic and clinical applications. Through computer simulations and phantom experiments, we show that the SNR in 23Na imaging can be substantially improved by weighted signal averaging. Three‐dimensional single quantum and triple quantum (TQ)‐filtered 23Na images of an externalized rabbit kidney were collected with this technique. The TQ‐filtered image did not show any signal when the animal was alive. However, upon sacrificing the animal, the renal cortex became clearly visible without any significant increase in signal from the medullary region. This increase in TQ‐flltered signal in the renal cortex may be caused by an increased concentration of intracellular Na+ in the large intracellular space present herein, compared with the medulla. To our knowledge, this study represents the first example of three‐dimensional TQ‐filtered 23Na image of a biological sample.
Magnetization transfer on in vitro circulating blood: Implications for time‐of‐flight MR angiography
Authors: Dousset Vincent , Degrèze Philippe , Mièze Stéphane , Sesay Musa , Basse‐Cathalinat Bernard , Caillé Jean‐Marie 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEffects of magnetization transfer were evaluated In vitro on circulating blood. Various velocities were tested from 0 to 72 cm/second. Decrease signal intensity caused by magnetization transfer effects was inversely proportional to inflow velocity. It reached 10% at very low velocities and disappeared at velocities higher than 30 cm/second.
Identification and characterization of TSAP, a novel gene specifically expressed in testis during spermatogenesis
Authors: Bin Li , Gang Wu , Hu Jiarui , Gong Wuming , Yue Mingjin , Song Ping 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThrough in silico screens, we have identified many previously uncharacterized genes that display similar expression patterns as the mouse Dazl gene, a germ line‐specific marker. Here, we report the identification and characterization of one of these novel genes. TSAP gene encodes a protein with 350 amino acids and contains five ankyrin repeats and a PEST sequence motif. Furthermore, we have generated an anti‐TSAP antibody and have used three different approaches (RT‐PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry) to investigate the expression profiles of TSAP mRNAs and proteins. TSAP is specifically expressed in testis, but not in other tissues such as ovary. Within the testis, TSAP is detected 10 days after birth and is mainly expressed in spermatocytes (ST) and later stage of germ cells, but not in spermatogonia (SG) or sertoli cells. Therefore, TSAP protein likely plays a role in spermatogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1141–1148, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution and expression of phosphorylated histone H3 during porcine oocyte maturation
Authors: Gu Ling , Wang Qiang , Wang Chun‐Ming , Hong Yan , Sun Shao‐Guang , Yang Shu‐Yan , Wang Ji‐Gui , Hou Yi , Sun Qing‐Yuan , Liu Wei‐Quan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPhosphorylation modification of core histones is correlated well with diverse chromatin‐based cell activities. However, its distribution pattern and primary roles during mammalian oocyte meiosis are still in dispute. In this study, by performing immunofluorescence and Western blotting, spatial distribution and temporal expression of phosphorylated serine 10 or 28 on histone H3 during porcine oocyte meiotic maturation were examined and distinct subcellular distribution patterns between them were presented. Low expression of phosphorylated H3/ser10 was detected in germinal vesicle. Importantly, following gradual dephosphorylation from germinal vesicle (GV) to late germinal vesicle (L‐GV) stage, a transient phosphorylation at the periphery of condensed chromatin was re‐established at early germinal vesicle breakdown (E‐GVBD) stage, and then the dramatically increased signals covered whole chromosomes from pre‐metaphase I (Pre‐MI) to metaphase II (MII). Similarly, hypophosphorylation of serine 28 on histone H3 was also monitored from GV to E‐GVBD, indicating dephosphorylation of histone H3 maybe involved in the regulation of meiotic resumption. Moreover, the rim staining on the chromosomes and high levels of H3/ser28 phosphorylation were observed in Pre‐MI, MI, and MII stage oocytes. Based on above results, such stage‐dependent dynamics of phosphorylation of H3/ser 10 and 28 may play specific roles during mammalian oocyte maturation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 143–149, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptotic effects of a progesterone receptor antagonist on rat granulosa cells are not mediated via reduced protein isoprenylation
Authors: Friberg P. Anders , Larsson D.G. Joakim , Rung Emilia , Billig Håkan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractProgesterone is a survival factor in rat periovulatory granulosa cells. The mechanisms involved are unclear but progesterone receptor (PGR) antagonists have been shown to inhibit cholesterol synthesis and induce apoptosis. Furthermore, reports suggest that statins induce apoptosis by inhibition of protein isoprenylation. Statins inhibit the rate‐limiting step of the cholesterol synthesis, thereby reducing availability of intermediates used for the post‐translational isoprenylation process. It has been suggested that PGR antagonists in a similar manner induce apoptosis by decreasing cholesterol synthesis and thereby protein isoprenylation. In this study we hypothesized that the mechanism by which the nuclear PGR antagonist Org 31710 induces apoptosis in rat periovulatory granulosa cells, is by decreasing cholesterol synthesis and thereby general cell protein isoprenylation. Incubation of isolated granulosa cells with Org 31710 or simvastatin for 22 hr resulted in increased apoptosis and reduced cholesterol synthesis. However, simvastatin caused a substantial inhibition of cholesterol synthesis after 6 hr in culture without inducing apoptosis. In contrast, Org 31710 had only a modest effect on cholesterol synthesis after 6 hr while it significantly induced apoptosis. Addition of isoprenylation substrates partially reversed apoptosis induced by simvastatin and to a lesser extent apoptosis induced by Org 31710. In addition, and in contrast to Org 31710, simvastatin caused a decrease in isoprenylation of a selected isoprenylation marker protein, the Ras‐related protein RAB11. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the PGR antagonist inhibits cholesterol synthesis in granulosa cells but reduced protein isoprenylation is not the mediating mechanism of increased apoptosis as previously hypothesized. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1317–1326, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regional voices talk theatre: audience development for the performing arts
Authors: Scollen Rebecca 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Audience development is somewhat of a ‘buzz word’ within the Australian performing arts sector at present. However, rather than actually engaging with audiences and with non‐attenders to discover how to best serve the community, most of the performing arts organisations approach audience development from a product‐centred viewpoint.
In direct contrast to this, the Talking Theatre project (2004–2006) was implemented in regional Queensland and in the Northern Territory in Australia as an audience development initiative focused on the consumer. The project sought to assist performing arts centres (PACs) to better engage with their local communities and to build new audiences for the future. In particular, the research aimed to understand non‐attenders, their reasons for non‐attendance and their reactions to a range of live performances they experienced under study conditions.
The Talking Theatre project provided the vehicle for introduction, communication and relationship building to occur to assist in attitudinal and behavioural change. The non‐attenders enjoyed their experiences at the PACs and have begun attending performances outside of study conditions. Limited awareness of the performing arts' relevance to their lives combined with a lack of positive peer influence to attend, were the chief deterrents to attendance for the participants in the study.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: Comparisons of isolates from campers and from sibling pairs with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Thomassen Mary Jane , Demko Catherine A. , Doershuk Carl F. , Root Jane M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSputum or deep throat specimen cultures were obtained from 47 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients residing together at an eight‐day summer camp. Pre‐camp, initial day, final day and post‐camp cultures were obtained and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were characterized by morphology, serotype, pigment production, serum sensitivity, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, hemolysis on blood agar, and CO2 growth requirement. Of the 47 patients, four were not chronically colonized with Pseudomonas and did not become colonized at camp. Analysis of the isolates from the other 43 revealed no significant alteration in the Pseudomonas colonization pattern. Cultures obtained from four sibling pairs among the campers and from 20 additional pairs of siblings revealed that siblings in 20/24 pairs had at least one identical serotype in common. Of the criteria used for characterization, serotyping was the most definitive method for strain identification. Serotyping by both the Homma system and the International system did not detect any serotype at a frequency of more than 31%. In this study, the predominant P. aeruginosa strain of the colonized patients did not change, and non‐colonized individuals did not become colonized with P. aeruginosa.