bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted Observations of Tropical Cyclone Movement Based on the Adjoint-Derived Sensitivity Steering Vector
Authors: Wu Chun-Chieh , Chen Jan-Huey , Lin Po-Hsiung , Chou Kun-Hsuan 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Since 2003, a field program has been conducted under the name of Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR). As the name DOTSTAR suggests, targeted observation is one of its key objectives. The prerequisite for designing the observing strategy is to identify the sensitive areas, which would exert great influence on the results of numerical forecast or the extent of the forecast error.
In addition to various sensitivity products already adopted in DOTSTAR, a new way to identify the sensitive area for the targeted observation of tropical cyclones based on the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) is proposed in this paper. By appropriately defining the response functions to represent the steering flow at the verifying time, a simple vector, adjoint-derived sensitivity steering vector (ADSSV), has been designed to demonstrate the sensitivity locations and the critical direction of typhoon steering flow at the observing time. Typhoons Meari and Mindulle of 2004 have been selected to show the use of ADSSV. In general, unique sensitive areas 36 h after the observing time are obtained.
The proposed ADSSV method is also used to demonstrate the signal of the binary interaction between Typhoons Fungwong and Fengshen (2002). The ADSSV is implemented and examined in the field project, DOTSTAR, in 2005 as well as in the surveillance mission for Atlantic hurricanes conducted by the Hurricane Research Division. Further analysis of the results will be vital to validate the use of ADSSV.
Numerical Study of Precipitation Core-Gap Structure along Cold Fronts
Authors: Kawashima Masayuki 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The mechanism responsible for the core-gap structure of precipitation along narrow cold-frontal rainbands (NCFRs) is investigated through analyses of idealized cloud-resolving simulations of cold fronts. The control simulation, in which the prefrontal thermal stratification is characterized by a weak convective instability at low levels with convective available potential energy (CAPE) of ∼60 J kg−1, reproduces the typical alongfront variability of observed NCFRs. The simulated NCFR is broken up into regularly spaced, ellipsoidal cores oriented at a clockwise angle to the cold front. While horizontal-shear instability (HSI) has frequently been proposed as a mechanism leading to the alongfront variability of NCFRs, no characteristic features of HSI are recognized in the simulated vertical vorticity field at the leading edge of the cold front. The alongfront variability in precipitation is attributed to the formation of a wavelike disturbance just above the leading edge of the cold front. The wave phase lines are oriented nearly perpendicular to the direction of mean vertical shear, with enhanced (suppressed) precipitation occurring at the wave updrafts (downdrafts). An analysis of the eddy kinetic energy budget indicates that the wavelike disturbance derives most of its energy from the mean vertical shear and the buoyancy.
Sensitivity experiments reveal a systematic relationship between the alongfront variability of NCFRs and the stability of the prefrontal thermal stratification. Simulated precipitation cores remain essentially parallel to the cold front when the prefrontal environment is absolutely stable or almost neutral to surface parcel ascent. The typical alongfront variability of NCFRs is reproduced for weakly unstable environments with small amounts of CAPE (≤140 J kg−1). On the other hand, simulations with sufficiently unstable environments produce precipitation cores oriented counterclockwise to cold fronts.
Extreme Value Statistics of the Total Energy in an Intermediate-Complexity Model of the Midlatitude Atmospheric Jet. Part II: Trend Detection and Assessment
Authors: Felici Mara , Lucarini Valerio , Speranza Antonio , Vitolo Renato 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
A baroclinic model for the atmospheric jet at middle latitudes is used as a stochastic generator of nonstationary time series of the total energy of the system. A linear time trend is imposed on the parameter TE, descriptive of the forced equator-to-pole temperature gradient and responsible for setting the average baroclinicity in the model. The focus lies on establishing a theoretically sound framework for the detection and assessment of trend at extreme values of the generated time series. This problem is dealt with by fitting time-dependent generalized extreme value (GEV) models to sequences of yearly maxima of the total energy. A family of GEV models is used in which the location μ and scale parameters σ depend quadratically and linearly on time, respectively, while the shape parameter ξ is kept constant. From this family, a GEV model is selected with Akaike’s information criterion, complemented by the likelihood ratio test and by assessment through standard graphical diagnostics. The inferred location and scale parameters are found to depend in a rather smooth way on time and, therefore, on TE. In particular, power-law dependences of μ and σ on TE are obtained, in analogy with the results of a previous work where the same baroclinic model was run with fixed values of TE spanning the same range as in this case. It is emphasized under which conditions the adopted approach is valid.
Self-Managed Teams in the Steel Industry: An Interview With John Selky (Part II)
Authors: Sutton Cynthia L. , Konzelmann Suzanne J. 
Published: August 2007

The following is the final installment of a two-part interview with Mr. John Selky who was the President of I/N Tek / I/N Kote (I/N) from its inception in 1989 to his retirement in 1998. I/N was jointly financed and built (1987-1990) by U.S.-owned Inland Steel Company and Japanese-owned Nippon Steel Corporation. In 1998, Inland Steel Company sold itself and its ownership share in I/N to Ispat International, a Dutch-owned global steel conglomerate. I/N produces high quality cold rolled and coated steel coils using a computerized, state-of-the-art continuous production process. To most effectively accommodate the technology and the demands of increasingly competitive steel product markets, the work system at I/N is organized around self-managed teams made up of union employees. In our first installment, published in the previous issue of The Journal of Leadership Studies, Mr. Selky explained the development and start-up of the I/N joint venture. The highly effective I/N work system emphasizing teamwork and other work system innovations is truly remarkable considering the steel production process and the traditionally mechanistic, unionized nature of U.S. steel companies. Mr. Selky has been credited with the success of I/N's high performance work system. Although Mr. Selky's background may be found in the first installment, it is presented below for the reader's convenience.
A Conversation with Peter Schall: Building a Quality Focus at the Hilton Hawaiian Village
Authors: Thompson Kenneth R. 
Published: August 2007

The Hilton Hawaiian Village with 3,000 guestrooms is the flagship of the Hilton Hotel chain. It is a splendid property overlooking the Pacific Ocean on Waikiki Beach in Honolulu on the island of Oahu. The property is lush with flowers and native plants and trees. It is a paradise within the paradise that is called Hawaii. In this beautiful setting, I sat down with Peter Schall. Peter is the Managing Director and Area Vice President of Hawaii for the Hilton Chain. He is quite a person. His enthusiasm for quality programs and a focus on customers is contagious. His leadership shows throughout the hotel operations. Staying there is an experience that helps to make Hawaii a special place for countless of quests. The quality of the experience begins with the immaculate property and the caring nature of the employees. There is a genuine love of people at this hotel. It shows with every team member of the hotel I met from the bell captain to the housekeeping staff. It is a property that a person, who focuses on quality like myself, can enjoy just viewing the quality of operations at this hotel. Peter also has a zeal that people ought to learn about the culture of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He has sponsored various cultural events on the property and within the state of Hawaii. The new wing of the hotel will have a cultural center and museum dedicate to having visitors learn more of the history of Hawaii and its royalty. For example, I was surprised to learn from Peter that the king's palace had electric lights before the White House in Washington D.C., so much for the primitive image. Peter is from Germany. He started with the Hilton chain as a waiter in 1965. He was part of the opening team at the Hilton Washington in Washington D.C. and has been in Hawaii since 1986. It is my honor to introduce you to Peter Schall, an extraordinary leader.
Latino Leadership: Building a Humanistic and Diverse Society Liderazgo Latino: Edificando una Sociedad Humanistica y Diversa
Authors: Bordas Juana 
Published: August 2007

This article describes a collective, people centered view of leadership that grows out of Latino history and core values, and is responsive to the challenges Latino leaders face today. Three dynamics are noted that position Latinos for Leadership. Personalismo is the individual preparation needed to earn the trust and respect of followers. Tejando Lazos (weaving connections) describes leaders as story tellers, keepers of cultural memory, weavers, and dream makers; third, skills such as understanding the social change process, communicating strategically, and acting as "community scholars" allows Latino leaders to forge consensus and encourage collective action. The author contends that Latino leaders, because of their inherent diversity and humanistic values, are strategically poised to help create a culturally accessible and compassionate society that values people and community before material wealth and individual advancement.
Conversation with Linda Morgan: Leadership in Surface Transportation
Authors: Thompson Kenneth R. 
Published: August 2007

The rail industry over the past couple of years has faced a number of critical problems with merger implementations that created extensive transportation delays and corresponding shipper ill will. During implementation of the Union Pacific/Southern Pacific merger, the city of Houston, Texas was losing a million dollars a day because rail shipments were snarled as too many rail cars clogged terminals in the area. As Chairman of Surface Transportation Board (STB), Linda Morgan was at the center of the government's role to ensure that these mergers were "in the public interest" and managed properly. The STB is an independent adjudicative body administratively housed within the Department of Transportation, responsible for the economic regulation of interstate surface transportation, primarily railroads, within the United States. The STB's mission is to ensure that competitive, efficient, and safe transportation services are provided to meet the needs of shippers, receivers, and consumers. The STB formation was a product of the elimination of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) on December 31, 1995. The STB's first Chairman was Linda J. Morgan, who remained Chairman until December 2, 2002. Linda Morgan was the last Chairman of the ICC and joined that organization on April 24, 1994, and became its Chairman on March 23, 1995. When the ICC was terminated and the STB assumed many of its duties, she became the Chairman of the STB. In January 2001, she, a Democrat, was asked by the Bush Administration to stay on as chairman. By law, her term at the STB will end on December 31, 2003. Linda Morgan has a great reputation in the rail industry as a no nonsense leader, respected for her fairness, openness, and ability to "get down to the issues. " In 1998, she was named by The Washington Post as one of the five "people to watch " for that year, and in December 1998, she received the Women's Transportation Seminar's "Woman of the Year Award." In April 1999, she received a Georgetown University Law Center "Alumna of the Year Award " for her contributions to the legal profession and society in general. I caught up with Linda Morgan in Chicago a while back after she had daylong meetings with city and industry officials and toured a railroad yard that was the focus of some proposed changes. I wanted to know what sorts of skills are needed for a leader to succeed at the head of a government agency in a high-pressure environment such as the STB has faced on a day-to-day basis.
Bullying: From the Playground to the Boardroom
Authors: Harvey Michael G. , Heames Joyce T. , Richey R. Glenn , Leonard Nancy 
Published: August 2007

Bullying in organizations has become one the prime social phenomena which can have a direct as well as indirect impact on the productivity of employees and managers. While bullying is a part of the fabric of society, the rate of occurrence as well as the severity of bullying acts in the workplace is alarming. This paper puts forth a model that illustrates the triangular relationship and interaction between the three components in the bullying event: 1) the organizational environment and its impact on the occurrence of bullying activities; 2) the characteristics of those that bully; and 3) the characteristics of those being bullied (e.g., victims of bullying). These three interrelated issues form the triangle of bullying that is examined in this paper. This paper posits that a major source of many of the personnel relational problems faced in the workplace between coworker and coworker or manager and employees comes from bullies, just like the ones experienced on the childhood playground. Research shows that child bullies and those bullied as children have the potential to become adult bullies. Combine that with the complex, diverse, global business arena that creates high levels of stress, it is easy to understand why there is the possibility of boardroom/workplace bullies. "Bullying at work is claimed to be more crippling and devastating problem for employees than all other work related stress put together... " (Einarsen, 1999).
Creating A New Government Culture: The Search For Champions
Authors: Sabatine Frank J. 
Published: August 2007

The Situation In January of 1997, a newly elected governor appointed a new Chairman of the Indiana State Board of Tax Commissioners. The three commissioners of the Tax Board are responsible for overseeing and approving the budgets, levies, and local property tax rates for the 2300 taxing units in the state. This includes schools, county and local units of government as well as other special taxing units and districts. The Tax Board is also responsible for administering the assessment of property in Indiana including training and certifying all local assessors and the equalization of local assessments in all 92 Indiana counties. The new commissioner was appointed by the governor to implement the governor's "Smaller and Smarter Government" initiative. The commissioner's task was to analyze the agency and make changes that would improve the performance of the agency while making the Indiana property tax system simpler, fairer, and conducive to economic development. At a briefing of state agency heads in March of 1997, the governor directed all agency leaders to "find ways to enable citizens and local officials to do things, rather than create impediments that prevent them from getting things done." It was clear that the new governor wanted agencies to facilitate action on the part of citizens and local officials, and to not focus on flexing their regulatory and watchdog muscles.
Exosomes released from macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens stimulate a proinflammatory response in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bhatnagar Sanchita , Shinagawa Kazuhiko , Castellino Francis J. , Schorey Jeffrey S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIntracellular pathogens and the molecules they express have limited contact with the immune system. Here, we show that macrophages infected with intracellular pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M bovis BCG, Salmonella typhimurium, or Toxoplasma gondii release from cells small vesicles known as exosomes which contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These exosomes, when exposed to uninfected macrophages, stimulate a proinflammatory response in a Toll-like receptor– and myeloid differentiation factor 88–dependent manner. Further, exosomes isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of M bovis BCG–infected mice contain the mycobacteria components lipoarabinomannan and the 19-kDa lipoprotein and can stimulate TNF-α production in naive macrophages. Moreover, exosomes isolated from M bovis BCG– and M tuberculosis–infected macrophages, when injected intranasally into mice, stimulate TNF-α and IL-12 production as well as neutrophil and macrophage recruitment in the lung. These studies identify a previously unknown function for exosomes in promoting intercellular communication during an immune response to intracellular pathogens, and we hypothesize that extracellular release of exosomes containing PAMPs is an important mechanism of immune surveillance.
Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil; Docetaxel and Cisplatin; and Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and Fluorouracil As Systemic Treatment for Advanced Gastric Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase II Trial of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research
Authors: Roth Arnaud D. , Fazio Nicola , Stupp Roger , Falk Stephen , Bernhard Jürg , Saletti Piercarlo , Köberle Dieter , Borner Markus M. , Rufibach Kaspar , Maibach Rudolf , Wernli Martin , Leslie Martin , Glynne-Jones Robert , Widmer Lukas , Seymour Matthew , de Braud Filippo 
Published: July 2007

Purpose This randomized phase II trial evaluated two docetaxel-based regimens to see which would be most promising according to overall response rate (ORR) for comparison in a phase III trial with epirubicin-cisplatin-fluorouracil (ECF) as first-line advanced gastric cancer therapy. Patients and Methods Chemotherapy-naïve patients with measurable unresectable and/or metastatic gastric carcinoma, a performance status ≤ 1, and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function randomly received ≤ eight 3-weekly cycles of ECF (epirubicin 50 mg/m2 on day 1, cisplatin 60 mg/m2 on day 1, and fluorouracil [FU] 200 mg/m2/d on days 1 to 21), TC (docetaxel initially 85 mg/m2 on day 1 [later reduced to 75 mg/m2 as a result of toxicity] and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1), or TCF (TC plus FU 300 mg/m2/d on days 1 to 14). Study objectives included response (primary), survival, toxicity, and quality of life (QOL). Results ORR was 25.0% (95% CI, 13% to 41%) for ECF, 18.5% (95% CI, 9% to 34%) for TC, and 36.6% (95% CI, 23% to 53%) for TCF (n = 119). Median overall survival times were 8.3, 11.0, and 10.4 months for ECF, TC, and TCF, respectively. Toxicity was acceptable, with one toxic death (TC arm). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in more treatment cycles with docetaxel (TC, 49%; TCF, 57%; ECF, 34%). Global health status/QOL substantially improved with ECF and remained similar to baseline with both docetaxel regimens. Conclusion Time to response and ORR favor TCF over TC for further evaluation, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting. A trend towards increased myelosuppression and infectious complications with TCF versus TC or ECF was observed.
Quality of Life With Docetaxel Plus Cisplatin and Fluorouracil Compared With Cisplatin and Fluorouracil From a Phase III Trial for Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: The V-325 Study Group
Authors: Ajani Jaffer A. , Moiseyenko Vladimir M. , Tjulandin Sergei , Majlis Alejandro , Constenla Manuel , Boni Corrado , Rodrigues Adriano , Fodor Miguel , Chao Yee , Voznyi Edouard , Awad Lucile , Van Cutsem Eric 
Published: July 2007

Purpose Therapy of patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer should provide symptom relief and improve quality of life (QOL) because most patients are symptomatic at baseline. Using validated instruments, we prospectively assessed QOL (even after completion of protocol treatment) as one of the secondary end points of the V325 phase III trial. Patients and Methods Four hundred forty-five patients randomly received either docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 each on day 1 plus fluorouracil 750 mg/m2/d continuous infusion on days 1 to 5 every 3 weeks (DCF) or cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 1 plus fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m2/d continuous infusion on days 1 to 5 every 4 weeks (CF). The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and, where available, the EuroQOL EQ-5D questionnaire were administered every 8 weeks from baseline until progression and then every 3 months. Time to definitive deterioration of QOL parameters was analyzed. Results The proportions of patients having assessable EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D questionnaires at baseline were 86.0% and 78.7% with DCF, respectively, and 89.7% and 92.8% with CF, respectively. Time to 5% deterioration of global health status (primary end point) significantly favored DCF over CF (log-rank test, P = .01). QOL was preserved longer for patients on DCF than those on CF for all time to deterioration analyses, demonstrating the statistical superiority of DCF compared with CF. Conclusion V325 represents the largest trial with the longest prospectively controlled evaluations of QOL during protocol chemotherapy and follow-up in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. In V325, advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer patients receiving DCF not only had statistically improved overall survival and time to tumor-progression, but they also had better preservation of QOL compared with patients receiving CF.