bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microanatomy of Human Left Ventricular Coronary Veins
Authors: Anderson Sara E. , Hill Alexander J. , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe describe analyses of the microanatomy of major left ventricular veins, including their relationship to the myocardium. Immediately following fixation of six fresh human hearts, anterior interventricular veins (AIV), left marginal veins (LMV), posterior veins of the left ventricle (PVLV), and posterior interventricular veins (PIV) were sectioned in ∼5 mm intervals perpendicular to the veins' length from base to apex. Slides were prepared, digitized, and analyzed; measurements were made of each vein's wall thickness, circumference, distance between vein wall and myocardium, and distance between vein wall and closest artery. For analyses, based on the length of each vein, slides were grouped into three regions: basal (top third), mid (middle third), and apical (bottom third). Vein wall thicknesses and circumferences were significantly smaller (P < 0.05) in apical than basal regions in all veins. Vein wall thicknesses were significantly larger in the AIV and PIV than in the LMV and PVLV (P < 0.05). The AIV was significantly farther away (1.81–2.99 mm) from the myocardium than the other three veins (P < 0.05). Left ventricular venous microanatomy was quantified and analyzed. Variation in venous microanatomy, including distance between vein walls and excitable myocardium, could impact therapies involving the coronary venous system. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Presence of the Maxillary Sinus in Fossil Colobinae (Cercopithecoides williamsi) from South Africa
Authors: Kuykendall Kevin L. , Rae Todd C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractExtant cercopithecoid monkeys, except macaques, are distinguished among primates by their lack of paranasal pneumatization, including the maxillary sinus (MS). Analysis of this structure, widespread among Eutheria, suggests that its loss occurred in the cercopithecoid common ancestor; thus, the presence of the MS in macaques is not strictly homologous to that in other primates. CT analysis of the fossil species Victoriapithecus macinnesi supports this view, demonstrating the lack of the MS in this stem cercopithecoid. Recent evidence, however, has documented the presence of the MS in extinct cercopithecoids from the late Miocene and Pliocene. This study reports on CT examination of two fossil crania attributed to Cercopithecoides williamsi from South Africa, dated in the range, 3.0–1.5 Ma. BF 42a is a complete cranium from Bolts Farm; MP113 is an intact facial skeleton, including the anterior cranial vault, from the Makapansgat Limeworks. Both demonstrate MS presence, unknown in extant colobines and unexpected in most cercopithecoid monkeys. The relative size of the MS of BF 42a is similar to that of extant tropical and subtropical macaques. The presence of sinuses in several extinct colobines suggests that our understanding of the evolutionary history of these primates, and of the MS, is incomplete, and that other fossil cercopithecoids should be examined for this feature. The developmental plasticity exhibited in this feature, indicated by multiple loss and reemergence, provides further evidence that paranasal pneumatization has undergone a complex history of suppression and expression. Anat Rec, 291:1499–1505, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membrane Transformations in Degenerating Rodlet Cells in Fishes of Two Teleostean Families (Salmonidae, Cyprinidae)
Authors: Bielek Edith 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRodlet cells (RCs) of teleosts are identified by their fibrillar capsule and peculiar inclusions, the rodlets, consisting of a club‐like sac and a central dense core. Former ultrastructural studies showing signs of hypertrophy of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were followed up in Salmonids (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta L.) and compared with Cyprinids (Cyprinus carpio L., Carassius auratus L., Alburnus alburnus). Focusing on membrane transformations, unusual undulations of the membranes of rodlet sacs and often apposed ER‐membranes, which were observed in mature or discharging cells, increased continuously in degenerating stages and ejected cytoplasmic packages or rodlets. Tubular elements (ø 25–30 nm or 30–50 nm) or small vesicles appeared partly derived from them. Terminal stages of this development were represented by RCs retained in the epithelium, which were completely filled by stacks of tubules and cores. Convoluted membranes were also found persisting between mostly undissolved rodlets at the epithelial surfaces. In Cyprinid species, the membrane changes were less conspicuous but essentially similar, including stages with confluent ER reported only in trout up to now. The membrane transformations resemble structures known as “crystalloid ER” indicating a disturbance in the protein production. The positive immunocytochemical reaction for calreticulin in the rodlet sacs, a luminal ER chaperone mediating recycling of misfolded proteins and upregulated during stress, supports this interpretation. The ER stress‐reaction is an evolutionary conservative cytoprotective mechanism during physiological, environmental, and genetic aberrations and fits the increase of RCs reported in quite different situations, although details of its triggering need further investigation. Anat Rec, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Estrous Cycle Modulates Small Leucine‐Rich Proteoglycans Expression in Mouse Uterine Tissues
Authors: Salgado Renato M. , Favaro Rodolfo R. , Martin Sebastian San , Zorn Telma M.T. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn the pregnant mouse uterus, small leucine‐rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are drastically remodeled within a few hours after fertilization, suggesting that ovarian hormone levels modulate their synthesis and degradation. In this study, we followed by immunoperoxidase approach, the presence of four members of the SLRP family (decorin, lumican, biglycan, and fibromodulin) in the uterine tissues along the estrous cycle of the mouse. All molecules except fibromodulin, which predominates in the myometrium, showed a striking modulation in their distribution in the endometrial stroma, following the rise in the level of estrogen. Moreover, notable differences in the distribution of SLRPs were observed between superficial and deep stroma, as well as between the internal and external layers of the myometrium. Only biglycan and fibromodulin were expressed in the luminal and glandular epithelia. All four SLRPs were found in cytoplasmic granules of mononucleated cells. The pattern of distribution of the immunoreaction for these molecules in the uterine tissues was found to be estrous cycle‐stage dependent, suggesting that these molecules undergo ovarian hormonal control and probably participate in the preparation of the uterus for decidualization and embryo implantation. In addition, this and previous results from our laboratory suggest the existence of two subpopulations of endometrial fibroblasts that may be related to the centrifugal development of the decidua. Anat Rec, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
meso‐3,5‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl‐Substituted Expanded Porphyrins: Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical, Electrochemical, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Kang Soonchul , Hayashi Hironobu , Umeyama Tomokazu , Matano Yoshihiro , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Lemmetyinen Helge , Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTrifluoroacetic acid‐catalyzed condensation of pyrrole with electron‐deficient and sterically hindered 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde results in the unexpected production of a series of meso‐3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl‐substituted expanded porphyrins including [22]sapphyrin 2, N‐fused [22]pentaphyrin 3, [26]hexaphyrin 4, and intact [32]heptaphyrin 5 together with the conventional 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)porphyrin 1. These expanded porphyrins are characterized by mass spectrometry, 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The optical and electrochemical measurements reveal a decrease in the HOMO–LUMO gap with increasing size of the conjugated macrocycles, and in accordance with the trend, the deactivation of the excited singlet state to the ground state is enhanced.
DNA damage sensible engineered promoter for cellular biosensing of cytotoxicity
Authors: Wada Ken‐Ichi , Hamaguchi Yu , Furukawa Kiyoshi , Taniguchi Akiyoshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe have established a cytotoxic sensor cell line by transfecting HepG2 cells with a luciferase protein plasmid derived from the heat shock protein 70B′ (HSP70B′) promoter, which is induced by cytotoxic reagents. HSP70B genes are up‐regulated by a wide‐range of cytotoxic stimulators, in particular, those that denature proteins. However, the HSP70B genes do not respond to DNA damage. We used a PCR array to detect marker genes of DNA damage‐related cytotoxic stimulation and found the BTG2 gene to be one such gene. Analysis of the BTG2 gene functional promoter region by transfection of various deletion constructs into HepG2 cells indicated that the p53 and NFY biding sites on BTG2 are important for the response to DNA damage. We then constructed HepG2 sensor cells using the functional BTG2 promoter, and found that these sensor cells can specifically detect the cytotoxicity accompanied by DNA strand breaks with high sensitivity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1460–1465. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospective multicentre clinical trial of stapled transanal rectal resection for obstructive defaecation syndrome
Authors: Arroyo A , González-Argenté F X , García-Domingo M , Espin-Basany E , De-la-Portilla F , Pérez-Vicente F , Calpena R 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Background
This prospective multicentre study assessed the safety and effectiveness of stapled transanal rectal resection (STARR) for treatment of obstructive defaecation syndrome (ODS).

Methods
Between February 2001 and June 2006, 104 patients diagnosed with ODS were treated with STARR. Follow-up was scheduled for 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery, and annually thereafter. Variables related to the patient, surgical technique and outcome were analysed.

Results
Mean operating time was 46·7 min. Haemorrhage at the staple line occurred in 55 patients (52·9 per cent). Three patients required surgical revision in the first 48 h owing to persistent bleeding. The median postoperative pain score was 2·4 on a scale from 1 to 10. Mean hospital stay was 2·2 days. The mean constipation score improved from 13·5 before surgery to 5·1 at 1-year follow-up (P = 0·006). Twenty-three patients reported faecal incontinence at 4 weeks after surgery, but only nine still had minor residual incontinence by 1 year. At a median follow-up of 26 (range 12–72) months, ODS had recurred or persisted radiologically and/or clinically in 11 patients.

Conclusion
STARR is associated with low morbidity and a short hospital stay, and is an effective alternative treatment for ODS.
Comparison of multislice computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasonography with operative and histological findings in suspected pancreatic and periampullary malignancy
Authors: Mansfield S D , Scott J , Oppong K , Richardson D L , Sen G , Jaques B C , Manas D M , Charnley R M 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Background
This study compared multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic and periampullary malignancy.

Methods
Data were collected prospectively on patients having MSCT and EUS for suspected pancreatic and periampullary malignancy.

Results
Eighty-four patients had MSCT and EUS, of whom 35 underwent operative assessment (29 resections). In assessing malignancy, there was no significant difference between MSCT and EUS, and agreement was good (82 per cent, κ = 0·49); the sensitivity and specificity of MSCT were 97 and 87 per cent, compared with 95 and 52 per cent respectively for EUS (P = 0·264). For portal vein/superior mesenteric vein invasion, MSCT was superior (P = 0·017) and agreement was moderate (72 per cent, κ = 0·42); the sensitivity and specificity were 88 and 92 per cent for MSCT, and 50 and 83 per cent for EUS. For resectability, there was no significant difference and agreement was good (78 per cent, κ = 0·51). EUS had an impact on the management of 14 patients in whom MSCT suggested benign disease or equivocal resectability.

Conclusion
MSCT is the imaging method of choice for pancreatic and periampullary tumours. Routine EUS should be reserved for those with borderline resectability on MSCT.
Recurrent events following patent foramen ovale closure in patients above 55 years of age with presumed paradoxical embolism
Authors: Spies Christian , Khandelwal Abha , Timmemanns Ines , Kavinsky Clifford J. , Schräder Rainer , Hijazi Ziyad M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this article is to summarize our experience of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in patients above the age of 55 years. Background: PFO is associated with cryptogenic thromboembolic events (TEs) in patients younger than 55 years. Little is known about the recurrence rate of TE in patients above the age of 55 years undergoing PFO closure for presumed paradoxical embolism. Methods: PFO closure was performed in 1,055 patients, 423 of whom were above 55 years of age. Implantation of the device was guided by fluoroscopy and transesophageal or intracardiac echocardiography. Results: A PFO occluding device was implanted successfully in all patients. Residual shunt was documented in 10% of patients above 55 years of age and in 8.4% of patients aged 55 years or younger (P = 0.325). During a median follow‐up period of 18 months (range, 0–162 months) the annual incidence of recurrent TE in patients above 55 years was 1.8% while patients aged 55 or below had an annual incidence of recurrent TE of 1.3%. TE‐free survival was similar in patients above 55 years of age compared with those aged 55 years and below. Conclusions: PFO closure in older patients is as efficient and seems comparable to those under the age of 55. Although traditional cardiovascular risk factors may be more frequent in the older age group compared with those younger than 55 years, PFO closure should not be withheld as a possible therapeutic option in this age group. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrochemical Behavior of Ascorbic Acid on Hexaaza Macrocyclic Copper(II) Complex Modified Au Electrode and Its Analytical Application
Authors: WU Hai‐Xia , DONG Shu‐Qing , KANG Jing‐Wan , LU Xiao‐Quan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel hexaaza macrocyclic copper(II) complex modified Au electrode was developed and used for the measurement of ascorbic acid. Its electrochemical behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy. This modified electrode exhibited electrocatalytic response to the oxidation of ascorbic acid. Compared with a bare gold electrode, the modified electrode exhibited a 250 mV shift of the oxidation potential of ascorbic acid in the cathodic direction and a marked enhancement of the current response. The response current revealed a good linear relationship with the concentration of ascorbic acid in the range of 5.0×10−7 to 4.0×10−5 mol/L and the detection limit of 4.8×10−8 mol/L (S/N=3) in the pH 4.0 Tris‐HCl buffer of ascorbic acid in fruits without any other pretreatment. The concentrations of ascorbic acid measured by this method were in good agreement with the literature values. It is very promising for the modified electrode to be used as an electrochemical sensor for the detection of ascorbic acid.
Synthesis and Anion Recognition of Novel Molecular Tweezer Receptors Based on Carbonyl Thiosemicarbazide for Fluoride Ions
Authors: WEI Wei , ZHANG You‐Ming , WEI Tai‐Bao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThree title compounds have been designed and synthesized in high yields as novel anion receptors, which show a higher selectivity for F− than other halide ions. The binding properties for fluoride ions of the receptors have been examined by UV‐Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy, indicating that a 1:1 stoichiometry complex is formed between the receptors and fluoride ions through hydrogen bonding interactions in DMSO solution. In addition, because these receptors have more binding points, they have better binding properties for anions than the molecular tweezer receptors based on thiourea we reported last time.
Determination of the Fungicide Anilazine in Soil and River Water by Differential Pulse Polarography
Authors: Mercan Hülya , Inam Recai 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of anilazine (4,6‐dichloro‐N‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐amine) fungicide has been studied at a dropping mercury electrode. The differential pulse polarographic technique was used to establish an electroanalytical procedure for the determination of the anilazine levels in natural water and soil samples. Three reduction peaks were observed as a function of pH. The polarographic reduction that exhibited only a single well‐defined peak in the pH range from 1.0 to 5.0, was chosen for the analytical determination. The variation of pH and polarographic parameters indicated that the optimum conditions under which anilazine could be reduced were pH = 2.0, Britton‐Robinson (B‐R) buffer solution, a reduction peak potential of –795 mV (vs. SCE), scan rate of 5 mV s–1, pulse amplitude of –50 mV with a pulse duration of 50 ms at an ambient temperature of 20 ± 3°C. A linear relationship between the first peak height and the concentration of anilazine was obtained in the range of 0.497 to 64.800 μM, with a detection limit of 0.128 μM. The mean recoveries of the 10.0 μM anilazine spiked to soil and river water were 9.8 ± 0.1 and 9.6 ± 0.5 μM at the 95% confidence level, respectively. The sufficiently good recoveries and low relative standard deviation (RSD) data reflects the high accuracy and precision of the proposed pulse polarographic method. The interferences with the reduction peak of anilazine peak observed with several commonly used pesticides and inorganic species were also tested. Some interfering species were eliminated either by providing selectivity with pH changes or using complexing agents, e. g., EDTA.
Very small embryonic‐like stem cells are present in adult murine organs: ImageStream‐based morphological analysis and distribution studies
Authors: Zuba‐Surma Ewa K. , Kucia Magdalena , Wu Wan , Klich Izabela , Lillard James W. , Ratajczak Janina , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecently, we purified a population of CXCR4+/Oct‐4+/SSEA‐1+/Sca‐1+/Lin−/CD45− very small embryonic‐like stem cells (VSELs) from adult murine bone marrow (BM). After using flow cytometry, ImageStream analysis, confocal microscopy, and real time RT‐PCR, we report that similar cells could be also identified and isolated from several organs in adult mice. The highest total numbers of Oct‐4+ VSELs were found in the brain, kidneys, muscles, pancreas, and BM. These observations support our hypothesis that a population of very primitive cells expressing germ line/epiblast markers (Oct‐4, SSEA‐1) is deposited early during embryogenesis in various organs and survives into adulthood. Further studies are needed to determine whether these cells, after being isolated from various adult human organs similarly to their murine BM‐derived counterparts, are endowed with pluripotent stem cell properties. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Generation and expression of a Hoxa11eGFP targeted allele in mice
Authors: Nelson Lisa T. , Rakshit Sabita , Sun Hanshi , Wellik Deneen M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHox genes are crucial for body axis specification during embryonic development. Hoxa11 plays a role in anteroposterior patterning of the axial skeleton, development of the urogenital tract of both sexes, and proximodistal patterning of the limbs. Hoxa11 expression is also observed in the neural tube. Herein, we report the generation of a Hoxa11eGFP targeted knock‐in allele in mice in which eGFP replaces the first coding exon of Hoxa11 as an in‐frame fusion. This allele closely recapitulates the reported mRNA expression patterns for Hoxa11. Hoxa11eGFP can be visualized in the tail, neural tube, limbs, kidneys, and reproductive tract of both sexes. Additionally, homozygous mutants recapitulate reported phenotypes for Hoxa11 loss of function mice, exhibiting loss of fertility in both males and females. This targeted mouse line will prove useful as a vital marker for Hoxa11 protein localization during control (heterozygous) or mutant organogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 237:3410–3416, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signaling pathways regulating the expression of Prx1 and Prx2 in the chick mandibular mesenchyme
Authors: Doufexi Aikaterini‐El , Mina Mina 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPrx1 and Prx2 are members of the aristaless‐related homeobox genes shown to play redundant but essential roles in morphogenesis of the mandibular processes. To gain insight into the signaling pathways that regulate expression of Prx genes in the mandibular mesenchyme, we used the chick as a model system. We examined the patterns of gene expression in the face and the roles of signals derived from the epithelium on the expression of Prx genes in the mandibular mesenchyme. Our results demonstrated stage‐dependent roles of mandibular epithelium on the expression of Prx in the mandibular mesenchyme and provide evidence for positive roles of members of the fibroblast and hedgehog families derived from mandibular epithelium on the expression of Prx genes in the mandibular mesenchyme. Our studies suggest that endothelin‐1 signaling derived from the mesenchyme is involved in restricting the expression of Prx2 to the medial mandibular mesenchyme. Developmental Dynamics 237:3115–3127, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene nomenclature guidelines for the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
Authors: Reddien Peter W. , Newmark Phillip A. , Sánchez Alvarado Alejandro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe planarian Schmidtea mediterranea is rapidly emerging as an important model system for the study of stem cells, regeneration and tissue homeostasis. Left, the central nervous system as visualized by whole‐mount in situ hybridization with a probe against Smed‐synapsin (syn), the planarian homolog to the neurotransmitter release regulator. Top right, confocal projection of the cephalic ganglia (green) after anti‐tubulin staining. Bottom right, the remarkable developmental plasticity of planarians illustrated by the generation of a duplicitas cruciata after surgical manipulation. Images are from Hara Kang, University of Utah; Phillip A. Newmark, University of Illinois; and Andrew Glazer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, respectively. See Reddien et al., Developmental Dynamics 237:3099–3101. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.