bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of videotaped functional performance tests in ACL‐injured subjects
Authors: von Porat Anette , Holmström Eva , Roos Ewa 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground and Purpose. In clinical practice, visual observation is often used to determine functional impairment and to evaluate treatment following a knee injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of observational assessments of knee movement pattern quality during five functional tests in subjects with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Method. Twelve ACL‐injured men, mean age 40 years, were video filmed before and after 12 weeks of knee‐specific training when performing five different functional tests: walking, knee bending, step activity, crossover hop on one leg and one‐leg hop. The videos were observed by four physiotherapists, and the knee movement pattern quality, a feature of the loading strategy of the lower extremity, was scored on an 11‐point rating scale. To assess the criterion validity, the observational rating was correlated with the maximum knee flexion angle in landing during the crossover hop determined by a three‐dimensional motion analysis system (VICON). Results. Inter‐observer agreement between the four physiotherapists was moderate to good, ICC1,2 0.57–0.76 for the four test situations. Fair to good correlations were obtained between the observers' assessment and knee flexion angle, r = 0.37–0.61. The crossover hop test or one‐leg hop test was ranked as the most useful test in 172 of 192 occasions (90%) when assessing knee function. Conclusion. The moderate to good inter‐observer reliability and the moderate criterion validity found indicate that the knee movement pattern quality in ACL‐injured subjects can be determined by visual observation of more demanding functional tests such as crossover hop on one leg and one‐leg hop for distance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel small molecule inhibitors for prostate‐specific antigen
Authors: Koistinen Hannu , Wohlfahrt Gerd , Mattsson Johanna M. , Wu Ping , Lahdenperä Juhani , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundProstate‐specific antigen (PSA or KLK3) has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis, but it might also have tumor promoting activities. Thus, it may be possible to modulate prostate cancer growth by stimulating or inhibiting the activity of PSA. To this end we have previously identified peptides that stimulate the activity of PSA. As peptides have several limitations as drug molecules, we screened a chemical library to find drug‐like compounds that could be used to modulate the function(s) of PSA.MethodsAlmost 50,000 compounds were analyzed for their ability to modulate PSA activity towards a fluorescent PSA‐substrate. The ability of the most active compounds to affect the anti‐angiogenic activity of PSA was analyzed by human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation assay.ResultsIn the initial screening we identified two compounds that inhibited PSA activity. Based on these, similar compounds were selected and tested for activity to define structure–activity relationships. Several compounds with micromolar IC50‐values were found, but they were not entirely specific towards PSA, e.g., they inhibited chymotrypsin, which has similar substrate specificity as PSA. However, it was possibly to improve the selectivity of the compounds towards PSA by small structural changes. These compounds inhibited the anti‐angiogenic activity of PSA in the HUVEC model, proving that the proteolytic activity of PSA is essential for inhibition of angiogenesis.ConclusionsWe found several PSA inhibitors that could be useful tools for studying the role of PSA in cancer models and in normal physiology as showed in angiogenesis model. Prostate 68: 1143–1151, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detailed analysis of histopathological parameters in radical prostatectomy specimens and PCA3 urine test results
Authors: van Gils Martijn P.M.Q. , Hessels Daphne , Hulsbergen‐van de Kaa Christina A. , Witjes J. Alfred , Jansen Cornelius F.J. , Mulders Peter F.A. , Rittenhouse Harry G. , Schalken Jack A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundDue to the drawbacks of serum prostate‐specific antigen, there is an ongoing search for new diagnostic and prognostic prostate cancer (PCa) markers. PCA3 has proven to be of value in the diagnosis of PCa. However, so far few attempts have been made to investigate the prognostic value of PCA3. Our objective was to further investigate the prognostic value of PCA3.MethodsIn this study we correlated the PCA3 score in urinary sediments after digital rectal examination in 62 men with the classical prognostic parameters assessed in radical prostatectomy specimens (i.e. Gleason score, pathological tumor stage and total tumor volume) and moreover, with the expression of three immunohistochemical markers for PCa biological aggressiveness (i.e. E‐cadherin, alpha‐catenin and EZH2). The results from this study serve as a reflection on and a valuable adjunct to recently published results.ResultsWe did not find a significant correlation of the PCA3 score with the classical prognostic parameters assessed in radical prostatectomy specimens or the expression of the immunohistochemical markers for PCa biological aggressiveness. However, we did observe a trend for a higher PCA3 score in significant PCa versus insignificant PCa, aberrant E‐cadherin staining versus normal E‐cadherin staining and increased EZH2 staining versus normal EZH2 staining.ConclusionsIn this study we could not prove the prognostic value of PCA3. Further research with large numbers of men and adequate follow‐up is needed to provide a definitive answer to the question if PCA3 is not only a diagnostic but also a prognostic PCa marker. Prostate 68: 1215–1222, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostatic inflammation and obstructive voiding in the adult noble rat: Impact of the testosterone to estradiol ratio in serum
Authors: Bernoulli Jenni , Yatkin Emrah , Konkol Yvonne , Talvitie Eva‐Maria , Santti Risto , Streng Tomi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe age‐related decline of the testosterone to estradiol (T‐to‐E2) ratio in serum is associated with the increased prevalence of prostatic inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms suggesting obstructive voiding. The impact of the T‐to‐E2 ratio on the development and reversal of non‐bacterial prostatic inflammation and obstructive voiding was tested in adult Noble rats.METHODSAdult male Noble rats (n = 16) were treated with estradiol (83 µg/day) and two different doses (280 and 830 µg/day) of testosterone to cause hypoandrogenic and hyperandrogenic states with elevated estrogen. After the 13‐week hormonal treatment, urodynamical measurements and electrical activity recording of the rhabdosphincter muscle were performed under anesthesia. Testosterone, estradiol, and prolactin concentrations in serum were measured and inflammatory changes in the dorsolateral prostate were classified and counted.RESULTSHistopathological and urodynamical analyses indicated that the hypoandrogenic animals with a decreased T‐to‐E2 ratio (10 versus > 300 in control) developed prostatic inflammation and non‐obstructive voiding. The hyperandrogenic state with decreased T‐to‐E2 ratio of 50 decreased the aggressiveness of the inflammation and the number of inflamed acini in the prostate and caused urethral obstruction associated with rhabdosphincter dysfunction.CONCLUSIONSDifferent responses of the prostatic inflammation and voiding function to the change in T‐to‐E2 ratio imply that non‐bacterial prostatic inflammation is not a sufficient condition for the development of obstructive voiding. The present study finds no support for the idea that age‐ and/or obesity‐related hypoandrogenic state with a decreased ratio of T‐to‐E2 would cause urethral obstruction. Prostate 68:1296–1306, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rate of biotic colonization following flow restoration below a diversion dam in the Bridge River, British Columbia
Authors: Decker A. Scott , Bradford Michael J. , Higgins Paul S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn August 2000, a continuous flow release was initiated below a diversion dam in the Bridge River, British Columbia, to rewater 4 km of stream bed that had been without flow for 37 years. Within a month after the start of flows, periphyton and invertebrate populations were present in the previously dry reach. Juvenile salmonids were common downstream of the rewetted reach, but only a few moved upstream to the new habitats after flow restoration. However, adult salmon quickly colonized the rewetted area and spawned 1–8 months after the onset of flow. Age‐0 salmonid abundance was high 1 year later and appeared to be largely due to successful spawning in the new reach rather than the upstream migration of juveniles. We conclude that the full colonization of the new reach will take more than a year as a consequence of the migratory patterns of the salmonids species in the river, and that monitoring programs for habitat restoration should be cognizant of the lags in the response of target populations because of their life histories. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positional identity and science teacher professional development
Authors: Moore Felicia M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand the positional identity of three African American secondary science teachers. Positional identity was operationally defined in terms of race, ethnicity, economic status, gender, religion, and age. Positional identity was posited to inform why diverse teachers with differing knowledge and experiences in science exist. An analysis of the findings suggested that the teachers' positional identity was defined beyond race, ethnicity and gender. Although the three science teachers came from very similar social backgrounds and were members of the same racial/ethnic group (African American), their positionality manifested itself in different ways: meanings of their life experiences; orientations to professional development; and future career goals in science education. Thus they possessed multiple positional identities that intersected in various ways which resulted in them having different perceptions of the world and subjectivities as science teachers. Implications included addressing positional identity and the creation of professional development models that are framed around incorporating teacher identity in addition to furthering teachers' personal and professional advancement within science education. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 684–710, 2008
FDG‐PET findings in patients with galactosaemia
Authors: Dubroff J. G. , Ficicioglu C. , Segal S. , Wintering N. A. , Alavi A. , Newberg A. B. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryDespite treatment with a galactose‐restricted diet, many galactosaemia patients develop lifelong cognitive impairment, speech abnormalities and a gamut of neurological problems including cognitive impairment and tremors. No study has explored changes in cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with galactosaemia. Five patients with galactosaemia had ages ranging from 20 to 40 years (mean age 28 years) and eight similarly aged controls received brain [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scans. PET scans were analysed using a previously validated template methodology of regions of interest (ROIs). Count ratios for each anatomical ROI were compared between the galactosaemic patients and the healthy controls. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) software was also used to further analyse the data. ROI analysis showed that galactosaemic patients had significant bilateral decreases in cerebral glucose metabolism in the superior temporal gyrus, medial occipital lobe, parietal lobe, cerebellum, calcarine cortex, superior frontal cortex, and superior parietal cortex when compared with controls. Significant increases were seen in the cingulate gyrus and temporal poles, bilaterally. SPM analysis revealed foci of decreased glucose metabolism in the caudate, cerebellum, precentral gyrus and cerebellar tonsils of galactosaemic patients. SPM also showed increased glucose metabolism in the subcallosal gyrus and claustrum. The results show significant abnormalities in cerebral function in patients with galactosaemia, particularly with widespread decreases in cortical metabolism. These abnormalities appear to be in brain regions that may be associated with the neuropsychological deficits in these patients. PET brain scans may be of value in galactosaemia patients to evaluate for dysfunction.
Congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ix: Review of clinical spectrum and diagnostic steps
Authors: Morava É. , Wosik H. , Kárteszi J. , Guillard M. , Adamowicz M. , Sykut‐Cegielska J. , Hadzsiev K. , Wevers R. A. , Lefeber D. J. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryCongenital disorder of glycosylation type I (CDG I) represent a rapidly growing group of inherited multisystem disorders with 13 genetically established subtypes (CDG Ia to CDG Im), and a high number of biochemically unresolved cases (CDG Ix). Further diagnostic effort and prognosis counselling are very challenging in these children. In the current study, we reviewed the clinical records of 10 CDG Ix patients and compared the data with 13 CDG Ix patients published in the literature in search for specific symptoms to create clinical subgroups. The most frequent findings were rather nonspecific, including developmental delay and axial hypotonia. Several features were found that are uncommon in CDG syndrome, such as elevated creatine kinase or arthrogryposis. Distinct ophthalmological abnormalities were observed including optic nerve atrophy, cataract and glaucoma. Two subgroups could be established: one with a pure neurological presentation and the other with a neurological‐multivisceral form. The first group had a significantly better prognosis. The unique presentation of microcephaly, seizures, ascites, hepatomegaly, nephrotic syndrome and severe developmental delay was observed in one child diagnosed with CDG Ik. Establishing clinical subgroups and increasing the number of patients within the subgroups may lead the way towards the genetic defect in children with a so far unsolved type of the congenital disorders of glycosylation. Raising awareness for less common, non‐CDG specific clinical features such as congenital joint contractures, movement disorders or ophthalmological anomalies will encourage clinicians to think of CDG in its more unusual presentation. Clinical grouping also helps to determine the prognosis and provide better counselling for the families.
Plant diversity patterns and their relationships with soil and climatic factors along an altitudinal gradient in the middle Tianshan Mountain area, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Sang Weiguo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPatterns of plant diversity along the altitudinal gradient of Tianshan in central Xinjiang, China were examined. Plant and environment characteristics were surveyed from higher, south of Bogeda peak, to lower, north of Guerbantonggute desert. There were a total of 341 vascular plant, 295 herbage, 41 shrub, and seven tree species in the sampled plots. The plant richness of vegetation types generally showed a unimodal pattern along altitude, with a bimodal change of plant species number at 100‐m intervals of altitudinal samples. The two belts of higher plant richness were in transient areas between vegetation types, the first in areas from dry grass to forest, and the second from forest to sub‐alpine grass and bush. The beta diversity varied with altitudinal changes, with herbaceous species accounting for most species, and thus had similar species turnover patterns to total species. Matching the change of richness of plant species to environmental factors along altitude and correlating these by redundancy analysis revealed that the environmental factors controlling species richness and its pattern were the combined effects of temperature, precipitation, soil water, and nutrition. Water was more important at low altitude, and temperature at high altitude, and soil chemical and physical characters at middle altitudes. This study provides insights into plant diversity conservation of Bogeda Natural Reserve Areas in Tianshan Mountain.
Using an iliotibial tract for patellar dislocation in children
Authors: Hung Nguyen Ngoc 
Published: May 2008

Objective To evaluate the clinical and functional results of surgical treatment of patellar dislocation in children. Material and methods A prospective study was undertaken from January 1995 to December 2004. Patients who suffered from patellar dislocation after receiving intramuscular antibiotic injections to quadriceps were recruited. A complete history of each patient was recorded, and both a clinical and a roentgenographic examination were performed preoperatively. Patellar dislocation was classified according to Bensahel's criteria. The iliotibial tract and lateral retinacula was released to restore the tension of the medial retinaculum. Quadricepsplasty was used in all patients for full flexion of knee. Results There were nine males and 65 females in this study. All 74 patients (76 knees) developed dislocation of the patella after repeated intramuscular injections of antibiotic(s) into the quadriceps muscle. Fifty-six knees (73.7%) were type 1, and 20 knees (26.3%) were type 2 (Bensahel's classification). In all, we attained excellent results in 56 knees (73.7%), good results in 17 knees (22.4%), and fair results in three knees (3.9%). There have been no poor results or recurrences so far. Conclusion Use of the iliotibial tract, adequate lateral retinacular release, restoration of the tension of the medial retinaculum and associated quadricepsplasty achieved a high success rate. The technique is simple, safe and effective in skeletally immature children.
Evaluation of the ipsilateral knee more than 40 years after successful closed reduction of DDH
Authors: Peterlein Christian-Dominik , Schofer Markus , Tibesku Carsten O. , Weinstein Stuart L. , Fuchs-Winkelmann Susanne 
Published: May 2008

Aim of the study We asked whether the ipsilateral knee of patients treated by closed reduction for developmental hip dislocation (DDH) is affected by osteoarthritis (OA) more than 40 years later. Materials and methods In total, 61 patients (71 hips) with the diagnosis of DDH were included in the study. The average age at the time of closed reduction was 17.9 months. The follow-up after closed reduction averaged 44.4 years. We determined the following parameters on radiographs, taken in the standing position: minimal joint space width in the medial and lateral compartments of the knee, minimal joint space width of the hip joint, radiological signs of osteoarthritis of the knee and the hip joints (Kellgren and Lawrence), knee alignment, acetabular roof obliquity (AC angle), depth of the acetabulum (ACM angle) and center–edge angle (CE angle) according to Wiberg. All radiographs were measured twice manually with ruler and goniometer by two independent investigators. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability (test–retest) was calculated for all parameters. Results We observed that patients with bilateral DDH had significantly more joint space narrowing in the medial compartment of the knee joints than those with unilateral DDH. The length of follow-up correlated with radiological signs of OA in the hip, but not in the knee. Conclusion We found a significant difference in medial compartment joint space narrowing between patients with unilateral DDH and those with bilateral DDH. The Kellgren–Lawrence classification, however, showed no significant differences between uni- and bilateral DDH. The knee alignment was always at the threshold of physiological values.
BOUNDEDNESS OF IMPULSIVE FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH VARIABLE IMPULSIVE PERTURBATIONS
Authors: Stamova I. M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the present paper an initial value problem for impulsive functional differential equations with variable impulsive perturbations is considered. By means of piecewise continuous functions coupled with the Razumikhin technique, sufficient conditions for boundedness of solutions of such equations are found.
Peripartal feeding strategy with differentn-6:n-3 ratios in sows: effect on gene expression in backfat white adipose tissue postpartum
Authors: Papadopoulos Georgios A. , Erkens Tim , Maes Dominiek G. D. , Peelman Luc J. , van Kempen Theo A. T. G. , Buyse Johan , Janssens Geert P. J. 
Published: May 2008

The aim of this study was to describe the effects of two diets differing inn-6:n-3 ratio and prepartal feeding regime on gene expression of PPARγ1a/1b, PPARγ1c/1d, PPARγ2, PPARγ coactivator 1A (PPARGC1A), GLUT4, TNFα, adiponectin, leptin, leptin receptor (LEPR), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in sows' white adipose tissue on the first day of lactation. The relationship between mRNA expression of these genes and circulating insulin, leptin and thyroid hormones was also considered. Diets contained a low (supplemented with fish oil; f group) or a high (supplemented with sunflower oil; s group)n-6:n-3 ratio and were provided from 8 (f8, s8) or 3 d (f3, s3) before parturition (onset day 8 or 3). A lown-6:n-3 ratio reduced the 1 d postpartum expression of PPARγ2 and PPARGC1A but only when applied from 3 d before parturition. Circulating leptin was negatively correlated with mRNA expression of adiponectin, LEPR and LPL, whereas thyroxine was positively correlated with levels of PPARGC1A. In conclusion, the effect of dietary treatments, e.g. altering then-6:n-3 ratio, around parturition on the expression of crucial genes in nutrient metabolism can be modulated by the duration of application before parturition.
Effect of undegradable intake protein supplementation on urea kinetics and microbial use of recycled urea in steers consuming low-quality forage
Authors: Wickersham Tryon A. , Titgemeyer Evan C. , Cochran Robert C. , Wickersham Erin E. 
Published: May 2008

We evaluated the effect of undegradable intake protein (UIP) on urea kinetics and microbial incorporation of urea-N in ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (n4; 319 kg) providedad libitumaccess to grass hay in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Casein was continuously infused abomasally in amounts of 0, 62, 124 and 186 mg N/kg body weight per d to simulate provision of UIP. Periods were 13 d long with 7 d for adaptation and 6 d for collection. Jugular infusion of [15N15N]urea followed by determination of urinary enrichment of [15N15N]urea and [14N15N]urea was used to measure urea kinetics. Forage and N intake increased (quadratic,P < 0·02) with increasing UIP. Urea synthesis was 27·1, 49·9, 82·2 and 85·8 g urea-N/d for 0, 62, 124 and 186 diets, respectively (linear,P < 0·01). The proportion of urea synthesis that entered the gastrointestinal tract was 0·96 for steers receiving no UIP and decreased linearly (P = 0·05) to a low of 0·89 for steers receiving 186. The amount of urea entering the gastrointestinal tract was least for 0 (26·3) and increased (linear,P < 0·01) to 48·7, 77·2 and 76·6 g urea-N/d for 62, 124 and 186 diets, respectively. Microbial incorporation of recycled urea-N increased quadratically (P = 0·04) from 13·9 for 0 to 47·7 g N/d for 124. The proportion of microbial N derived from recycled urea increased (quadratic,P = 0·05) from 0·31 to 0·58 between 0 and 124 and dropped to 0·44 for 186 mg N/kg body weight per d. UIP increased intake of hay and provided a N source for ruminal microbes via urea recycling.