bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glial vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression in rat brainstem under tolerable hypoxia: Evidence for a central chemosensitivity
Authors: Perrin J.S. , Araneda S. , Catteau J. , Autran S. , Denavit‐Saubié M. , Pequignot J.M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe ventilatory response to hypoxia is mediated by peripheral inputs arising from the arterial chemoreceptors. In their absence, hypoxic adaptation can be achieved, possibly as a result of central cellular reorganization. To study this reorganization, we used chemodenervated rats to investigate the expression and localization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the brainstem. VEGF is a target gene of hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) that is responsible for the morphofunctional remodeling induced by hypoxia. Intact and chemodenervated rats were subjected to normoxia or hypoxia for 6 hr (10% O2 in N2). VEGF protein was quantified in micropunches of brainstem tissue. Only chemodenervated animals showed an increased VEGF expression in response to hypoxia, whereas, in normoxia, VEGF expression was not modified by chemodenervation. The same hypoxic condition was repeated for 8 days before immunocytochemical staining with anti‐VEGF; antiglial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocytes; and anti‐rat endothelial cell antigen‐1 (anti‐RECA‐1) that recognizes endothelial cells. Confocal analysis showed a cellular colocalization of GFAP and VEGF, indicating that VEGF was overexpressed predominantly in astrocytes. Increased RECA‐1 immunolabeling indicated an enhanced angiogenesis in chemodenervated rats subjected to hypoxia. These results indicate that glial cells and the vascular network contribute to the brainstem remodeling. The peripheral chemodenervation reveals a central O2 chemosensitivity involving a cascade of gene expression triggered by hypoxia, which in intact animals may act synergically with peripheral chemosensory inputs. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effects of botulinum toxin A on muscle histology during distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Olabisi Ronke , Chamberlain Connie S. , Petr Sarah , Steiner Samuel , Consigny Daniel , Best Thomas M. , Vanderby Ray , Schultz Ed , Noonan Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDistraction osteogenesis is a highly successful method of bone formation, yet muscle fibrosis and contractures can result in significant morbidity. In the current study, we investigate the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in preventing fibrosis and potentially increasing muscle development in distracted muscles. Fifteen New Zealand White rabbits underwent tibial distraction at 1.5 mm/day until a 20% gain was achieved. Treatment groups were divided by drug (saline or botulinum toxin) and target muscle (gastrocnemius or tibialis anterior). Two additional control animals received no treatment. Bromeodeoxyuridine was delivered continuously throughout the 8‐week experiment, and following muscle harvest. Tissues were stained for BrdU, Pax‐7, vimentin, and haematoxylin and eosin staining. Mitotic activity increased in all distracted animals; however, in the animals receiving botulinum toxin A injections into the gastrocnemius, the antagonist tibialis anterior suffered up to 9% less fibrosis than distraction alone (p = 0.024). Use of botulinum A toxin did not appear to promote or improve neogenesis of muscle fibers, nor did it decrease fibrosis in the injected muscles. It appears from this study, and a previously published study on the effects of this toxin on muscle function, that botulinum A toxin maybe of some benefit in decreasing morbidity in the antagonist muscle but not the muscle injected with the toxin. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:310–317, 2009
Stem cell‐mediated accelerated bone healing observed with in vivo molecular and small animal imaging technologies in a model of skeletal injury
Authors: Lee Sheen‐Woo , Padmanabhan Parasuraman , Ray Pritha , Gambhir Sanjiv Sam , Doyle Timothy , Contag Christopher , Goodman Stuart B. , Biswal Sandip 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAdult stem cells are promising therapeutic reagents for skeletal regeneration. We hope to validate by molecular imaging technologies the in vivo life cycle of adipose‐derived multipotent cells (ADMCs) in an animal model of skeletal injury. Primary ADMCs were lentivirally transfected with a fusion reporter gene and injected intravenously into mice with bone injury or sham operation. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), [18F]FHBG (9‐(fluoro‐hydroxy‐methyl‐butyl‐guanine)‐micro‐PET, [18F]Fluoride ion micro‐PET and micro‐CT were performed to monitor stem cells and their effect. Bioluminescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry were done for histological confirmation. BLI showed ADMC's traffic from the lungs then to the injury site. BLI microscopy and immunohistochemistry confirmed the ADMCs in the bone defect. Micro‐CT measurements showed increased bone healing in the cell‐injected group compared to the noninjected group at postoperative day 7 (p < 0.05). Systemically administered ADMC's traffic to the site of skeletal injury and facilitate bone healing, as demonstrated by molecular and small animal imaging. Molecular imaging technologies can validate the usage of adult adipose tissue‐derived multipotent cells to promote fracture healing. Imaging can in the future help establish therapeutic strategies including dosage and administration route. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:295–302, 2009
Local bisphosphonate treatment increases fixation of hydroxyapatite‐coated implants inserted with bone compaction
Authors: Jakobsen Thomas , Baas Jørgen , Kold Søren , Bechtold Joan E. , Elmengaard Brian , Søballe Kjeld 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIt has been shown that fixation of primary cementless joint replacement can independently be enhanced by either: (1) use of hydroxyapatite (HA) coated implants, (2) compaction of the peri‐implant bone, or (3) local application of bisphosphonate. We investigated whether the combined effect of HA coating and bone compaction can be further enhanced with the use of local bisphosphonate treatment. HA‐coated implants were bilaterally inserted into the proximal tibiae of 10 dogs. On one side local bisphosphonate was applied prior to bone compaction. Saline was used as control on the contralateral side. Implants were evaluated with histomorphometry and biomechanical push‐out test. We found that bisphosphonate increased the peri‐implant bone volume fraction (1.3‐fold), maximum shear strength (2.1‐fold), and maximum shear stiffness (2.7‐fold). No significant difference was found in bone‐to‐implant contact or total energy absorption. This study indicates that local alendronate treatment can further improve the fixation of porous‐coated implants that have also undergone HA‐surface coating and peri‐implant bone compaction. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:189–194, 2009
Knee stability before and after total and unicondylar knee replacement: In vivo kinematic evaluation utilizing navigation
Authors: Casino Daniela , Martelli Sandra , Zaffagnini Stefano , Lopomo Nicola , Iacono Francesco , Bignozzi Simone , Visani Andrea , Marcacci Maurilio 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSurgical navigation systems are currently used to guide the surgeon in the correct alignment of the implant. The aim of this study was to expand the use of navigation systems by proposing a surgical protocol for intraoperative kinematics evaluations during knee arthroplasty. The protocol was evaluated on 20 patients, half undergoing unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) and half undergoing posterior‐substituting, rotating‐platform total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The protocol includes a simple acquisition procedure and an original elaboration methodology. Kinematic tests were performed before and after surgery and included varus/valgus stress at 0 and 30° and passive range of motion. Both UKA and TKA improved varus/valgus stability in extension and preserved the total magnitude of screw–home motion during flexion. Moreover, compared to preoperative conditions, values assumed by tibial axial rotation during flexion in TKA knees were more similar to the rotating patterns of UKA knees. The analysis of the anteroposterior displacement of the knee compartments confirmed that the two prostheses did not produce medial pivoting, but achieved a postoperative normal behavior. These results demonstrated that proposed intraoperative kinematics evaluations by a navigation system provided new information on the functional outcome of the reconstruction useful to restore knee kinematics during surgery. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:202–207, 2009
Singular coverings and non‐uniform notions of closed set computability
Authors: Le Roux Stéphane , Ziegler Martin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe empty set of course contains no computable point. On the other hand, surprising results due to Zaslavskiĭ, Tseĭtin, Kreisel, and Lacombe have asserted the existence of non‐empty co‐r. e. closed sets devoid of computable points: sets which are even “large” in the sense of positive Lebesgue measure.This leads us to investigate for various classes of computable real subsets whether they always contain a (not necessarily effectively findable) computable point. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On Σ‐definability without equality over the real numbers
Authors: Morozov Andrei S. , Korovina Margarita V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn [5] (1982) it has been shown that for first‐order definability over the reals there exists an effective procedure which by a finite formula with equality defining an open set produces a finite formula without equality that defines the same set. In this paper we prove that there exists no such procedure for Σ‐definability over the reals. We also show that there exists even no uniform effective transformation of the definitions of Σ‐definable sets (i. e., Σ‐formulas) into new definitions of Σ‐definable sets in such a way that the results will define open sets, and if a definition defines an open set, then the result of this transformation will define the same set. These results highlight the important differences between Σ‐definability with equality and Σ‐definability without equality. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computable symbolic dynamics
Authors: Cenzer Douglas , Dashti S. Ali , King Jonathan L. F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe investigate computable subshifts and the connection with effective symbolic dynamics. It is shown that a decidable Π01 class P is a subshift if and only if there exists a computable function F mapping 2ℕ to 2ℕ such that P is the set of itineraries of elements of 2ℕ. Π01 subshifts are constructed in 2ℕ and in 2ℤ which have no computable elements. We also consider the symbolic dynamics of maps on the unit interval. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Complex bodies with memory: Linearized setting
Authors: Mariano Paolo Maria , Paoletti Paolo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe mechanics of complex bodies with memory effects is discussed in linearized setting. The attention is focused on the characterization of free energies in terms of minimum work and maximum recoverable work in the bulk and along a discontinuity surface endowed with its own surface energy, a surface within the body. To this aim, use is made of techniques proposed by Del Piero. Consequences of the Clausius–Duhem inequality are investigated for complex bodies with instantaneous linear elastic response. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global existence and asymptotic behavior for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations with a non‐autonomous external force and a heat source
Authors: Qin Yuming , Yu Xiaona 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the global existence and asymptotic behavior, as time tends to infinity, of solutions in Hi (i=1, 2) to the initial boundary value problem of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations of one‐dimensional motion of a viscous heat‐conducting gas in a bounded region with a non‐autonomous external force and a heat source. Some new ideas and more delicate estimates are used to prove these results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RORα – ein potentielles Target gegen Übergewicht?
Authors: Lechtken Adriane 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBisher wurde der nukleäre Rezeptor RORα (retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor α) pharmazeutisch vor allem aufgrund seiner antiinflammatorischen Wirkung geschätzt und als erstes Target gegen Jetlag identifiziert. Neueste Studien einer australischen Forschergruppe zeigen, dass RORα außerdem eine zentrale Rolle bei der Entstehung von Adipositas spielt.
Don't Stop Me Now!
Authors: Wolf Andrea , Schaack Jennifer , Freikamp Louise , Reutzel Sascha , Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractVerschiedene Krankheiten, wie Duchenne'sche Muskeldystrophie aber auch die im vorherigen Beitrag erwähnte Cystische Fibrose können durch einen Mutationstyp verursacht werden, der zu einem frühzeitigen Abbruch der Proteinsynthese führt. Ein neuer Wirkstoff mit dem Kürzel PTC124 könnte bei allen diesen verschiedenen Krankheiten abhilfe leisten.
Novel thermotropic esters‐based polymers with broad nematic processing windows
Authors: De Ruijter C. , Bos J. , Boerstoel H. , Dingemans T. J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this study, a new series of semiflexible liquid crystalline (LC) polyesters and poly(ester‐amide)s were synthesized and characterized. Polymers based on 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (4‐HBA), 6‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid (HNA), suberic acid (SUA), and sebacic acid (SEA) were modified with hydroquinone (HQ) and different concentrations of 4‐acetamidophenol (AP) to obtain a polyester and two poly(ester‐amide)s, respectively. All polymers were successfully prepared using conventional melt‐condensation techniques. The polymers were characterized by inherent viscosity measurements, SEC, hot‐stage polarizing microscopy, DSC, and TGA. The mechanical behavior was investigated using DMTA and tensile testing. All linear polymers have Tgs in the range of 50–80 °C and melt between 120 and 150 °C. Our polymers display good thermooxidative stabilities (5% wt loss at ∼ 400 °C) and exhibit homogeneous nematic melt behavior over a wide temperature range (ΔN ∼ 250 °C). The liquid crystal phase was lost when high concentrations of nonlinear monomers such as 3‐HBA (>27 mol %) and resorcinol (RC) (>23 mol %) were incorporated. The LC polyester based on 4‐HBA/HNA/HQ/SUA/SEA could easily be processed into good quality films and fibers. The films display good mechanical properties (E′ ∼ 4 GPa) and high toughness, that is, ∼ 15% elongation at break, at room temperature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6565–6574, 2008
Effect of 1,4‐dioxane on synthesis of macroporous poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels
Authors: Zhao Qian , Sun Jianzhong , Ling Qincai , Zhou Qiyun 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThermosensitive Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogels were synthesized by a free radical solution polymerization in three different ways. Normal hydrogels were prepared at room temperature and normal cryogels were prepared at subzero temperature. A cation surfactant dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide (DDBAB) was used during preparation of novel cryogels in freezing state. The response rates of normal hydrogels were very slow, whereas the rates of both normal and novel cryogels were very fast because of the macroporous structure of the cryogels. Mixed solvents which were composed of pure water and 1,4‐dioxane at various concentrations were used instead of pure water during the polymerization. The effects of the mixed solvent on morphology, swelling ratio, and deswelling/reswelling kinetics of the three kinds of hydrogels were investigated. For normal hydrogels and normal cryogels, there was no remarkable difference no matter the mixed solvent or pure water was used. However, the properties of the resulted novel cryogels were much different with the concentration of dioxane. Finally, the resulted hydrogels were used for concentrating emulsified paraffin. The different separation performance was attributed to the different structure of gel matrix. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6594–6603, 2008
New insights into the multiple melting behaviors of the semicrystalline ethylene‐hexene copolymer: Origins of quintuple melting peaks
Authors: Qiu Jie , Xu Donghua , Zhao Junchai , Niu Yanhua , Wang Zhigang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA semicrystalline ethylene‐hexene copolymer (PEH) was subjected to a simple thermal treatment procedure as follows: the sample was isothermally crystallized at a certain isothermal crystallization temperature from melt, and then was quenched in liquid nitrogen. Quintuple melting peaks could be observed in heating scan of the sample by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Particularly, an intriguing endothermic peak (termed as Peak 0) was found to locate at about 45 °C. The multiple melting behaviors for this semicrystalline ethylene‐hexene copolymer were investigated in details by using DSC. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) technique was applied to examine the crystal forms to provide complementary information for interpreting the multiple melting behaviors. Convincing results indicated that Peak 0 was due to the melting of crystals formed at room temperature from the much highly branched ethylene sequences. Direct heating scans from isothermal crystallization temperature (Tc, 104–118 °C) were examined for comparison, which indicated that the multiple melting behaviors depended on isothermal crystallization temperature and time. A triple melting behavior could be observed after a relatively short isothermal crystallization time at a low Tc (104–112 °C), which could be attributed to a combination of melting of two coexistent lamellar stack populations with different lamellar thicknesses and the melting‐recrystallization‐remelting (mrr) event. A dual melting behavior could be observed for isothermal crystallization with both a long enough time at a low Tc and a short or long time at an intermediate Tc (114 °C), which was ascribed to two different crystal populations. At a high Tc (116–118 °C), crystallizable ethylene sequences were so few that only one single broad melting peak could be observed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2100–2115, 2008
Convenient syntheses of homopropargylglycine
Authors: Dong Shouliang , Merkel Lars , Moroder Luis , Budisa Nediljko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAn improved classic Strecker synthesis was elaborated leading to racemic homopropargylglycine (Hpg) in 61% overall yield, while an asymmetric Strecker reaction produced Hpg and the higher homolog 2‐aminohept‐6‐ynoic acid in significantly higher yields and over 80% ee. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of Garcinia cambogia plus Amorphophallus konjac for the treatment of obesity
Authors: Vasques Carlos A. R. , Rossetto Simone , Halmenschlager Graziele , Linden Rafael , Heckler Eliane , Fernandez Maria S. Poblador , Alonso José L. Lancho 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main compound of Garcinia cambogia extract, is a competitive blocker of ATP‐citrate‐lyase, presenting a potential inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis. Glucomannan fibers, abundant in Amorphophallus konjac, seem to reduce the absorption kinetics of dietary fat. Therefore, the aim of this double‐blind randomized study was to evaluate the pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of standardized extracts of G. cambogia (52.4% HCA) plus A. konjac (94.9% glucomannan) in the treatment of obesity. Fifty‐eight obese subjects (BMI 30.0–39.9 kg/m2) were assigned to the placebo group (n = 26) or the treatment group (n = 32); no dietary restrictions were applied. Over a 12‐week period, subjects were given daily doses of either Garcinia (2.4 g) plus Konjac (1.5 g) or placebo prior to their main meals (3 times/day). Before the start of treatment, and every 4 weeks thereafter, the following were recorded: height, weight, circumferences and body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), lipid profile and glucose levels. The treatment had no significant effect on anthropometric parameters, REE, triglycerides or glucose levels. However, a significant reduction was observed in total cholesterol (−32.0 ± 35.1 mg/dL) and LDL‐c levels (−28.7 ± 32.7 mg/dL) in the treated group, the final levels being significantly lower than those of the placebo group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.020, respectively). The results obtained suggest that the treatment had a significant hypocholesterolemic effect, without influencing the anthropometric or calorimetric parameters tested. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calycopterin, an immunoinhibitory compound from the extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi
Authors: Faham Najme , Javidnia Katayoun , Bahmani Masoud , Amirghofran Zahra 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMedicinal plants have been widely investigated for their various effects. Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss (Labiatae) is used in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases. The inhibitory effect of D. kotschyi on the lectin‐induced cellular immune response has been demonstrated previously. In this study, mitogen‐treated lymphocytes were exposed to the extract of D. kotschyi and analysed for the induction of apoptosis using flow cytometry and gel electrophoresis. The data obtained indicated a dose‐dependent increase of cells in the sub‐G1 phase of cell cycle. Study of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation showed a typical DNA laddering in agarose gels. A bioactivity‐guided fractionation assay to find the active components responsible for the inhibitory effect of D. kotschyi on mitogen‐induced lymphocyte proliferation led to the isolation of calycopterin from the ethyl acetate extract of D. kotschyi. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic methods including 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, MS and UV spectra. Calycopterin inhibited lymphocyte proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner with an IC50 value of 1.7 µg/mL. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that D. kotschyi extract has the capacity to induce apoptosis in the lymphocytes and that isolated calycopterin is responsible for the inhibitory effect of D. kotschyi on lymphocyte proliferation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytotherapeutic prevention of dental biofilm formation
Authors: Rasooli Iraj , Shayegh Shojaedin , Taghizadeh Massoud , Astaneh Shakiba Darvish Alipoor 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe antimicrobial and biofilm formation preventive properties of Mentha piperita and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils and chlorhexidine were assessed against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes. 26 and 20 compounds were identified by GC and GC–MS analysis in hydrodistilled oils from M. piperita and R. officinalis, respectively. The minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the M. piperita and R. officinalis oils and chlorhexidine were (6000, 2000, 8000 ppm) and (1000, 4000, 1000 ppm) for S. mutans and S. pyogenes, respectively. The decimal reduction time (D) of S. mutans exposed to the oils at their MBC levels was 2.8 min while chlorhexidine showed a longer time. The D values of S. pyogenes on exposure to the MBC levels of M. piperita and R. officinalis oils and of chlorhexidine were 2.14, 4.28 and 2.8 min, indicating a higher efficacy of M. piperita oil. Biofilm formation was performed by growing S. mutans culture with and without essential oils in LB medium in polystyrene tubes. In vitro biofilm inhibitory properties were in the order M. piperita > R. officinalis > chlorhexidine. In vivo experiments on the antibiofilm properties revealed that all concentrations of the oils were significantly (p < 0.001) more effective than chlorhexidine. In conclusion, essential oils may be considered as safe agents in the development of novel antibiofilm agents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.