bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Count-free Weisfeiler–Leman and group isomorphism
Authors: Collins Nathaniel A. , Levet Michael 
Published: February 2024

We investigate the power of counting in Group Isomorphism. We first leverage the count-free variant of the Weisfeiler–Leman Version I algorithm for groups [J. Brachter and P. Schweitzer, On the Weisfeiler–Leman dimension of finite groups, in 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symp. Logic in Computer Science, eds. H. Hermanns, L. Zhang, N. Kobayashi and D. Miller, Saarbrucken, Germany, July 8–11, 2020 (ACM, 2020), pp. 287–300, doi:10.1145/3373718.3394786] in tandem with bounded non-determinism and limited counting to improve the parallel complexity of isomorphism testing for several families of groups. These families include: • Direct products of non-Abelian simple groups. • Coprime extensions, where the normal Hall subgroup is Abelian and the complement is an [Formula: see text]-generated solvable group with solvability class [Formula: see text]. This notably includes instances where the complement is an [Formula: see text]-generated nilpotent group. This problem was previously known to be in [Formula: see text] [Y. Qiao, J. M. N. Sarma and B. Tang, On isomorphism testing of groups with normal Hall subgroups, in Proc. 28th Symp. Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, Dagstuhl Castle, Leibniz Center for Informatics, 2011), pp. 567–578, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs. STACS.2011.567], and the complexity was recently improved to [Formula: see text] [J. A. Grochow and M. Levet, On the parallel complexity of group isomorphism via Weisfeiler–Leman, in 24th Int. Symp. Fundamentals of Computation Theory, eds. H. Fernau and K. Jansen, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 14292, September 18–21, 2023, Trier, Germany (Springer, 2023), pp. 234–247]. • Graphical groups of class 2 and exponent [Formula: see text] [A. H. Mekler, Stability of nilpotent groups of class 2 and prime exponent, J. Symb. Logic 46(4) (1981) 781–788] arising from the CFI and twisted CFI graphs [J.-Y. Cai, M. Fürer and N. Immerman, An optimal lower bound on the number of variables for graph identification, Combinatorica 12(4) (1992) 389–410], respectively. In particular, our work improves upon previous results of Brachter and Schweitzer [On the Weisfeiler–Leman dimension of finite groups, in 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symp. Logic in Computer Science, eds. H. Hermanns, L. Zhang, N. Kobayashi and D. Miller, Saarbrucken, Germany, July 8–11, 2020 (ACM, 2020), pp. 287–300, doi:10.1145/3373718.3394786]. Notably, each of these families was previously known to be identified by the counting variant of the more powerful Weisfeiler–Leman Version II algorithm. We finally show that the q-ary count-free pebble game is unable to even distinguish Abelian groups. This extends the result of Grochow and Levet (ibid), who established the result in the case of [Formula: see text]. The general theme is that some counting appears necessary to place [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text].
Ricci solitons and curvature inheritance on Robinson–Trautman spacetimes
Authors: Shaikh Absos Ali , Datta Biswa Ranjan 
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of Ricci solitons and the nature of curvature inheritance as well as collineations on the Robinson–Trautman (briefly, RT) spacetime. It is shown that under certain conditions RT spacetime admits almost-Ricci soliton, almost-[Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton, almost-gradient [Formula: see text]-Ricci soliton. As a generalization of curvature inheritance [K. L. Duggal, Curvature inheritance symmetry in Riemannian spaces with applications to fluid space times, J. Math. Phys. 33(9) (1992) 2989–2997] and curvature collineation [G. H. Katzin, J. Livine and W. R. Davis, Curvature collineations: A fundamental symmetry property of the space-times of general relativity defined by the vanishing Lie derivative of the Riemann curvature tensor, J. Math. Phys. 10(4) (1969) 617–629], in this paper, we introduce the notion of generalized curvature inheritance and examine if RT spacetime admits such a notion. It is shown that RT spacetime also realizes the generalized curvature (resp., Ricci, Weyl conformal, concircular, conharmonic, Weyl projective) inheritance. Finally, several conditions are obtained, under which RT spacetime possesses curvature (resp., Ricci, conharmonic, Weyl projective) inheritance as well as curvature (resp., Ricci, Weyl conformal, concircular, conharmonic, Weyl projective) collineation, and we have also introduced the concept of generalized Lie inheritance and showed that RT spacetime realizes such a notion.
Regional assessment of the ultra-deep geothermal (UDG) reservoir quality and potential of the Dinantian Zeeland Formation, the Netherlands
Authors: Gutteridge Peter , Ten Veen Johan , Dewit Julie , Garland Joanna , Riva Alberto , Mozafari Mahtab , Jaarsma Bastiaan , van Melle Timme 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dinantian carbonates in the NW European Carboniferous Basin (NWECB) in the Netherlands form a target for ultra-deep geothermal (UDG) exploration. The NWECB was a deep water area with shallow water attached carbonate systems in the southwestern Netherlands and isolated carbonate platforms nucleated on horsts in the northern part of the Netherlands.
Carbonate platforms in the SW Netherlands contain intra-Dinantian, sub-Namurian and sub-Cretaceous karst systems with irregular cavities, enlarged fracture systems and collapse breccias with relict porosity. Isolated carbonate platforms in the northern Netherlands were not affected by sub-Namurian or sub-Cretaceous karst but contain petrophysical anomalies interpreted as intra-Dinantian karst or fracture systems.
The matrix reservoir quality of Dinantian limestones is generally poor but has been improved by a phase of regional dolomitization that affects the lower parts of both isolated and attached carbonate platforms. Dolomitization took place during burial and was associated either with late Carboniferous to early Permian burial or a thermal event during the middle to late Jurassic.
Additional reservoir quality is present in a system of hydrofractures in late Tournaisian ramp carbonates in the SW Netherlands that post-date dolomitization; the fracture system may have formed during late Jurassic basin inversion.
Present heat flow indicates that two isolated carbonate platforms in the northern Netherlands are buried to sufficient depth to be considered as potential UDG exploration targets. Attached carbonate systems in the SW Netherlands are too shallow to have been heated to the temperature required for industrial applications or for generating electricity from geothermal energy.
FASA-DRAM: Reducing DRAM Latency with Destructive Activation and Delayed Restoration
Authors: Du Haitao , Qin Yuhan , Chen Song , Kang Yi 
Published: February 2024

DRAM memory is a performance bottleneck for many applications, due to its high access latency. Previous work has mainly focused on data locality, introducing small-but-fast regions to cache frequently accessed data, thereby reducing the average latency. However, these locality-based designs have three challenges in modern multi-core systems: 1) Inter-application interference leads to random memory access traffic. 2) Fairness issues prevent the memory controller from over-prioritizing data locality. 3) Write-intensive applications have much lower locality and evict substantial dirty entries. With frequent data movement between the fast in-DRAM cache and slow regular arrays, the overhead induced by moving data may even offset the performance and energy benefits of in-DRAM caching.
In this paper, we decouple the data movement process into two distinct phases. The first phase is Load-Reduced Destructive Activation (LRDA), which destructively promotes data into the in-DRAM cache. The second phase is Delayed Cycle-Stealing Restoration (DCSR), which restores the original data when DRAM bank is idle. LRDA decouples the most time-consuming restoration phase from activation, and DCSR hides the restoration latency through prevalent bank-level parallelism. We propose FASA-DRAM incorporating destructive activation and delayed restoration techniques to enable both in-DRAM caching and proactive latency-hiding mechanisms. Our evaluation shows that FASA-DRAM improves the average performance by 19.9% and reduces average DRAM energy consumption by 18.1% over DDR4 DRAM for four-core workloads, with less than 3.4% extra area overhead. Furthermore, FASA-DRAM outperforms state-of-the-art designs in both performance and energy efficiency.
Large-Scale Cancer Genomic Analysis Reveals Significant Disparities between Microsatellite Instability and Tumor Mutational Burden
Authors: Choi Jungyoon , Park Kyong Hwa , Kim Yeul Hong , Sa Jason K. , Sung Hwa Jung , Chen Yu-Wei , Chen Zhishan , Li Chao , Wen Wanqing , Zhang Qingrun , Shu Xiao-ou , Zheng Wei , Kim Jung Sun , Guo Xingyi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are predictive biomarkers for pan-cancer immunotherapy. The interrelationship between MSI-high (MSI-H) and TMB-high (TMB-H) in human cancers and their predictive value for immunotherapy in lung cancer remain unclear.

Methods:
We analyzed somatic mutation data from the Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (n = 46,320) to determine the relationship between MSI-H and TMB-H in human cancers using adjusted multivariate regression models. Patient survival was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. The association between MSI and genetic mutations was assessed.

Results:
Patients (31–89%) with MSI-H had TMB-low phenotypes across 22 cancer types. Colorectal and stomach cancers showed the strongest association between TMB and MSI. TMB-H patients with lung cancer who received immunotherapy exhibited significantly higher overall survival [HR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.44–0.86] and progression-free survival (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47–0.91) compared to the TMB-low group; no significant benefit was observed in the MSI-H group. Patients with TMB and MSI phenotypes showed further improvement in overall survival and PFS. We identified several mutated genes associated with MSI-H phenotypes, including known mismatch repair genes and novel mutated genes, such as ARID1A and ARID1B.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that TMB-H and/or a combination of MSI-H can serve as biomarkers for immunotherapies in lung cancer.

Impact:
These findings suggest that distinct or combined biomarkers should be considered for immunotherapy in human cancers because notable discrepancies exist between MSI-H and TMB-H across different cancer types.
Surgical Tumor Resection Deregulates Hallmarks of Cancer in Resected Tissue and the Surrounding Microenvironment
Authors: Chaubal Rohan , Gardi Nilesh , Joshi Shalaka , Pantvaidya Gouri , Kadam Rasika , Vanmali Vaibhav , Hawaldar Rohini , Talker Elizabeth , Chitra Jaya , Gera Poonam , Bhatia Dimple , Kalkar Prajakta , Gurav Mamta , Shetty Omshree , Desai Sangeeta , Krishnan Neeraja M. , Nair Nita , Parmar Vani , Dutt Amit , Panda Binay , Gupta Sudeep , Badwe Rajendra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Surgery exposes tumor tissue to severe hypoxia and mechanical stress leading to rapid gene expression changes in the tumor and its microenvironment, which remain poorly characterized. We biopsied tumor and adjacent normal tissues from patients with breast (n = 81) and head/neck squamous cancers (HNSC; n = 10) at the beginning (A), during (B), and end of surgery (C). Tumor/normal RNA from 46/81 patients with breast cancer was subjected to mRNA-Seq using Illumina short-read technology, and from nine patients with HNSC to whole-transcriptome microarray with Illumina BeadArray. Pathways and genes involved in 7 of 10 known cancer hallmarks, namely, tumor-promoting inflammation (TNF-A, NFK-B, IL18 pathways), activation of invasion and migration (various extracellular matrix–related pathways, cell migration), sustained proliferative signaling (K-Ras Signaling), evasion of growth suppressors (P53 signaling, regulation of cell death), deregulating cellular energetics (response to lipid, secreted factors, and adipogenesis), inducing angiogenesis (hypoxia signaling, myogenesis), and avoiding immune destruction (CTLA4 and PDL1) were significantly deregulated during surgical resection (time points A vs. B vs. C). These findings were validated using NanoString assays in independent pre/intra/post-operative breast cancer samples from 48 patients. In a comparison of gene expression data from biopsy (analogous to time point A) with surgical resection samples (analogous to time point C) from The Cancer Genome Atlas study, the top deregulated genes were the same as identified in our analysis, in five of the seven studied cancer types. This study suggests that surgical extirpation deregulates the hallmarks of cancer in primary tumors and adjacent normal tissue across different cancers.

Implications:
Surgery deregulates hallmarks of cancer in human tissue.
Predicting Major Adverse Events in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion
Authors: Faridi Kamil F. , Ong Emily L. , Zimmerman Sarah , Varosy Paul D. , Friedman Daniel J. , Hsu Jonathan C. , Kusumoto Fred , Mortazavi Bobak J. , Minges Karl E. , Pereira Lucy , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Koutras Christina , Denton Beth , Mobayed Julie , Curtis Jeptha P. , Freeman James V. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
The National Cardiovascular Data Registry Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Registry (LAAO) includes the vast majority of transcatheter LAAO procedures performed in the United States. The objective of this study was to develop a model predicting adverse events among patients undergoing LAAO with Watchman FLX.

METHODS:
Data from 41 001 LAAO procedures with Watchman FLX from July 2020 to September 2021 were used to develop and validate a model predicting in-hospital major adverse events. Randomly selected development (70%, n=28 530) and validation (30%, n=12 471) cohorts were analyzed with 1000 bootstrapped samples, using forward stepwise logistic regression to create the final model. A simplified bedside risk score was also developed using this model.

RESULTS:
Increased age, female sex, low preprocedure hemoglobin, no prior attempt at atrial fibrillation termination, and increased fall risk most strongly predicted in-hospital major adverse events and were included in the final model along with other clinically relevant variables. The median in-hospital risk-standardized adverse event rate was 1.50% (range, 1.03%–2.84%; interquartile range, 1.42%–1.64%). The model demonstrated moderate discrimination (development C-index, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.65–0.70] and validation C-index, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.62–0.70]) with good calibration. The simplified risk score was well calibrated with risk of in-hospital major adverse events ranging from 0.26% to 3.90% for a score of 0 to 8, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
A transcatheter LAAO risk model using National Cardiovascular Data Registry and LAAO Registry data can predict in-hospital major adverse events, demonstrated consistency across hospitals and can be used for quality improvement efforts. A simple bedside risk score was similarly predictive and may inform shared decision-making.
Trends in All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Noncardiovascular Mortality Among US Adults With Hypertension
Authors: Choi Eunhee , Shimbo Daichi , Chen Ligong , Foti Kathryn , Ghazi Lama , Hardy Shakia T. , Muntner Paul 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Death certificate data indicate that hypertension may have increased as a contributing cause of death among US adults. Hypertension is not commonly recorded on death certificates although it contributes to a substantial proportion of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths.

METHODS:
We estimated changes in all-cause, CVD, and non-CVD mortality over 5 years of follow-up among 4 cohorts of US adults with hypertension using mortality follow-up data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III in 1988 to 1994, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles from 1999 to 2000 through 2015 to 2016 (n=20 927). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or antihypertensive medication use. Participants were grouped according to the date of their National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study visit (1988–1994, 1999–2004, 2005–2010, 2011–2016).

RESULTS:

There were 2646, 1048, and 1598 all-cause, CVD, and non-CVD deaths, respectively. After age, gender, and race/ethnicity adjustment and compared with the 1988 to 1994 cohort, the hazard ratio of all-cause mortality was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.76–1.01) for the 1999 to 2004 cohort, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70–0.95) for the 2005 to 2010 cohort, and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.75–1.05) for the 2011 to 2016 cohort (
P
trend=0.123). The age, gender, and race/ethnicity-adjusted hazard ratios for CVD mortality compared with the 1988 to 1994 cohort were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.60–0.90) for the 1999 to 2004 cohort, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.50–0.74) for the 2005 to 2010 cohort, and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.44–0.74) for the 2011 to 2016 cohort (
P
trend <0.001). There was no evidence of a change in CVD mortality between the 2005 to 2010 and 2011 to 2016 cohorts (
P
=0.661). Noncardiovascular mortality did not decline over the study period (
P
trend=0.145).

CONCLUSIONS:
The decline in CVD mortality among US adults with hypertension stalled after 2005 to 2010.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Medical Management of Poststroke Complications Among Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Simmonds Kent P. , Atem Folefac D. , Welch Babu G. , Ifejika Nneka L. 
Published: February 2024

Background
To inform clinical practice, we sought to identify racial and ethnic differences in the medical management of common poststroke complications.

Methods and Results
A cohort of acutely hospitalized, first‐time non‐Hispanic White (NHW), non‐Hispanic Black, and Hispanic patients with stroke was identified from electronic medical records of 51 large health care organizations (January 1, 2003 to December 5, 2022). Matched propensity scores were used to account for baseline differences. Primary outcomes included receipt of medication(s) associated with the management of the following poststroke complications: arousal/fatigue, spasticity, mood, sleep, neurogenic bladder, neurogenic bowel, and seizure. Differences were measured at 14, 90, and 365 days. Subgroup analyses included differences restricted to patients with ischemic stroke, younger age (<65 years), and stratified by decade (2003–2012 and 2013–2022). Before matching, the final cohort consisted of 348 286 patients with first‐time stroke. Matching resulted in 63 722 non‐Hispanic Black–NHW pairs and 24 009 Hispanic–NHW pairs. Non‐Hispanic Black (versus NHW) patients were significantly less likely to be treated for all poststroke complications, with differences largest for arousal/fatigue (relative risk (RR), 0.58 [95% CI, 0.54–0.62]), spasticity (RR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.0.62–0.67]), and mood disorders (RR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.70–0.74]) at 14 days. Hispanic–NHW differences were similar, albeit with smaller magnitudes, with the largest differences present for spasticity (RR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.63–0.72]), arousal/fatigue (RR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70–0.85]), and mood disorders (RR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.77–0.82]). Subgroup analyses revealed similar patterns for ischemic stroke and patients aged <65 years. Disparities for the current decade remained significant but with smaller magnitudes compared with the prior decade.

Conclusions
There are significant racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment of poststroke complications. The differences were greatest at 14 days, outlining the importance of early identification and management.
Blood Pressure Partially Mediated the Association of Insulin Resistance and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Community‐Based Study
Authors: Zhou Mengyuan , Mei Lerong , Jing Jing , Yang Yingying , Cai Xueli , Meng Xia , Jin Aoming , Lin Jinxi , Li Shan , Li Hao , Wei Tiemin , Wang Yongjun , Wang Yilong , Pan Yuesong 
Published: February 2024

Background
Insulin resistance as a significant vascular risk factor has been studied in relation to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). Evidence suggests that insulin resistance might trigger high blood pressure (BP). Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether insulin resistance impacts SVD with a mediating effect of BP in nondiabetic subjects.

Methods and Results

PRECISE (Polyvascular Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and Vascular Events) study participants underwent brain and vascular imaging techniques and metabolomic risk factors measurements. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the insulin sensitivity index and the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance based on the standard oral glucose tolerance test. On average, 2752 nondiabetic subjects (47.1% men) aged 60.9 years were included. The multivariable logistic regression model and linear regression model tested the association of insulin resistance with BP components (including systolic BP [SBP], diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure [PP]) and SVD, and of BP components with SVD. In the mediation analysis, SBP, DBP, and PP were found to partially mediate the detrimental effect of insulin resistance (assessed by the insulin sensitivity index) on lacunes (mediation percentage: SBP, 31.15%; DBP, 34.21%; PP, 10.43%), white matter hyperintensity (mediation percentage: SBP, 37.34%; DBP, 44.15%; PP, 9.80%), and SVD total burden (mediation percentage: SBP, 42.07%; DBP, 49.29%; PP, 11.71%) (all
P
<0.05). The mediation analysis results were not significant when using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance to assess insulin resistance.

Conclusions
Higher insulin resistance was associated with SVD in this community‐dwelling population. The association of insulin resistance with lacunes, white matter hyperintensity, and SVD total burden was explained in part by BP.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03178448.
Presence of Residual Cardiac Thrombus Predicts Poor Outcome in Cardioembolic Stroke After Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Zhang Tingxia , Zhou Huan , Yang Jiansheng , Zhou Ying , Chen Yi , He Yaode , Xue Rui , Chen Zhicai , Lou Min , Yan Shenqiang 
Published: February 2024

Background
In patients with acute cardiogenic cerebral embolism, a residual thrombus may still be present in the cardiac cavity even after reperfusion therapy. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of a residual cardiac thrombus in cardioembolic stroke after reperfusion therapy and analyze its impact on clinical outcome.

Methods and Results

We enrolled patients with cardioembolic stroke from our prospectively collected database who underwent 2‐phase cardiac computed tomography within 7 days after reperfusion therapy. Residual cardiac thrombus was defined as a filling defect on both early‐ and late‐phase images, whereas circulatory stasis was defined as a filling defect only on the early‐phase images in the left atrial appendage. The primary outcome was a poor clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 3–6) at 90 days. The secondary outcome was a composite end point event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke) at 90 days. A total of 303 patients were included, of whom 94 (31.0%) had a residual cardiac thrombus. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of a residual cardiac thrombus was associated with a poor clinical outcome (odds ratio, 1.951 [95% CI, 1.027–3.707];
P
=0.041) but not circulatory stasis in the left atrial appendage (odds ratio, 1.096 [95% CI, 0.542–2.217];
P
=0.798). Furthermore, there was no correlation between a residual cardiac thrombus and the composite end point event (30.0% versus 31.1%;
P
=1.000).

Conclusions
Residual cardiac thrombus occurs in approximately one‐third of patients with cardioembolic stroke after reperfusion therapy and is often indicative of a poor clinical outcome.