bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetically Induced Orientation of Mesochannels in Mesoporous Silica Films at 30 Tesla
Authors: Yamauchi Yusuke , Sawada Makoto , Komatsu Masaki , Sugiyama Atsushi , Osaka Tetsuya , Hirota Noriyuki , Sakka Yoshio , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe demonstrate the magnetically induced orientation of mesochannels in mesoporous silica films prepared with low‐molecular‐weight surfactants under an extremely high magnetic field of 30 T. This process is principally applicable to any type of surfactant that has magnetic anisotropy because such a high magnetic field provides sufficient magnetic energy for smooth magnetic orientation. Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyoxyethylene‐10‐cetyl ether (Brij 56) were used as cationic and nonionic surfactants, respectively. According to XRD and cross‐sectional TEM, mesochannels aligned perpendicular to the substrates were observed in films prepared with low‐molecular‐weight surfactants, although the effect was incomplete. The evolution of these types of films should lead to future applications such as highly sensitive chemical sensors and selective separation.
Structural insights into cold inactivation of tryptophanase and cold adaptation of subtilisin S41
Authors: Almog Orna , Kogan Anna , Leeuw Marina de , Gdalevsky Garik Y. , Cohen‐Luria Rivka , Parola Abraham H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA wide variety of enzymes can undergo a reversible loss of activity at low temperature, a process that is termed cold inactivation. This phenomenon is found in oligomeric enzymes such as tryptophanase (Trpase) and other pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzymes. On the other hand, cold‐adapted, or psychrophilic enzymes, isolated from organisms able to thrive in permanently cold environments, have optimal activity at low temperature, which is associated with low thermal stability. Since cold inactivation may be considered “contradictory” to cold adaptation, we have looked into the amino acid sequences and the crystal structures of two families of enzymes, subtilisin and tryptophanase. Two cold adapted subtilisins, S41 and subtilisin‐like protease from Vibrio, were compared to a mesophilic and a thermophilic subtilisins, as well as to four PLP‐dependent enzymes in order to understand the specific surface residues, specific interactions, or any other molecular features that may be responsible for the differences in their tolerance to cold temperatures. The comparison between the psychrophilic and the mesophilic subtilisins revealed that the cold adapted subtilisins have a high content of acidic residues mainly found on their surface, making it charged. The analysis of the Trpases showed that they have a high content of hydrophobic residues on their surface. Thus, we suggest that the negatively charged residues on the surface of the subtilisins may be responsible for their cold adaptation, whereas the hydrophobic residues on the surface of monomeric Trpase molecules are responsible for the tetrameric assembly, and may account for their cold inactivation and dissociation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 354–359, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Biologie auf der Suche nach ihrer Identität. 200 Jahre Theoriengeschichte – Teil 1
Authors: Penzlin Heinz 
Published: October 2007

AbstractVon der Einführung des Begriffes “Biologie” über die Naturphilosophie und ihre Gegenbewegung – den Materialismus –, von der Zellen‐ und der Urzeugungstheorie berichtet der erste Teil unseres Rückblicks auf 200 Jahre Biologiegeschichte. Darüber, wie viele Reiche des Lebens es gibt – und was die kleinsten Lebenseinheiten seien, wurde im 19. Jahrhundert erbittert diskutiert. Verbesserte Mikroskope und neuartige Techniken ermöglichten bahnbrechende Erkenntnisse – wie beispielsweise die Entdeckung, dass tierische sowie pflanzliche Organismen aus Zellen aufgebaut sind.
Bakterien erzeugen direkt elektrische Energie. Biotechnologie in der Schule
Authors: Scherr Dietmar 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRegenerative elektrische Energie direkt zu gewinnen, ohne den Umweg über Verbrennung, Dampfturbine und Generator – was immer mit Energieverlust (Abwärme) verbunden ist – ist Gegenstand intensiver Forschung. Ein Experiment, um elektrische Energie direkt mit Bakterien zu erzeugen und auch im Schulexperiment durchzuführen, wird in diesem Beitrag zur Bionik aufgezeigt.
Parasitoide – halb Parasit, halb Räuber. Wie kleine Schlupfwespen große Schwammspinner‐Raupen gefügig machen
Authors: Schopf Axel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGlyptapanteles liparidis ist eine kleine Brackwespe, die sich in den Raupen des Schwammspinners und anderen Alternativ‐ und Überwinterungswirten entwickelt. Trotz der Vielfalt der möglichen Wirtsarten zeigt die Brackwespe sehr spezifische Anpassungsmechanismen an die endoparasitische Lebensweise. Diese betreffen die Hemmung der Immunabwehrreaktion des Wirtes mit Hilfe von symbiontischen Viren, spezielle morphologische Organausbildungen wie die Analblase für die Nahrungsaufnahme und Sekretion von eigenen Substanzen in den Wirt sowie die hormonelle Regulation der Wirtsentwicklung im letzten endoparasitischen Larvalstadium.
Der Schnabel des Stockerpels: Von Farben und ihren Botschaften, leuchtenden Pigmenten und starker Abwehr
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDie Farbenpracht so manchen Vogelmännchens ist eine wichtige Botschaft, die der potenziellen Partnerin Auskunft über seine Fitness gibt. Doch auch Hähne bevorzugen Hennen mit kräftig gefärbtem Kamm. Was bislang nur vermutet wurde, können Physiologen und Verhaltensforscher nun bestätigen: Farben sind entscheidende Signalgeber in der Welt der Vögel. Eine Schlüsselrolle fällt dabei den Carotinoiden zu.
Indonesien: Rotalgenkulturen für Speiseeis
Authors: Budiyono Yus , Kronberg Inge 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDass der Verzehr von Eiscreme zum Bestandsschutz von Haifischen führen kann, klingt etwas abwegig. Trotzdem lassen sich Verbindungen ziehen: Cremig schmelzendes, kaltes Eis verdankt seine Konsistenz dem Zusatzstoff Carrageen, einem Polysaccharid, das aus Rotalgen gewonnen wird. Für Fischer in Indonesien sind Algenkulturen eine wichtige Alternative zum wenig nachhaltigen Haifischfang.
William Russel und Rex Burch
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: October 2007

Abstract“The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique” ist der Titel eines Buches, in dem sich bereits im Jahr 1959 der Zoologe William Russel und der Mikrobiologe Rex Burch mit Alternativmethoden zum Tierversuch beschäftigten. Ihr so genanntes 3R‐Prinzip schlägt vor: auf den Tierversuch ganz zu verzichten (replace), die Zahl der Tiere zu vermindern (reduce), Leiden und Schäden von Versuchstieren durch schonendere, weniger belastende Versuche zu vermeiden (refine).
Dank Duftcocktail liebevoll umsorgt
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDas “Queen Mandibular Pheromone” (QMP) spielt eine zentrale Rolle in der Regentschaft einer Bienenkönigin. Es verhindert einerseits, dass Arbeiterinnen Eierstöcke ausbilden, andererseits wird die Entwicklung weiterer Königinnen blockiert. Besonders interessant aber ist die Wirkung der im QMP enthaltenen Substanz Homovanillylalkohol (HVA) auf junge Arbeitsbienen, wie Vanina Vergoz und Kollegen in “Science” berichten: Es sorgt dafür, dass die Arbeiterinnen nicht aus negativen Erfahrungen lernen.
Changing trends in surgery for acute appendicitis
Authors: Paterson H M , Qadan M , de Luca S M , Nixon S J , Paterson-Brown S 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) offers faster recovery times and a reduced rate of wound infection compared with open appendicectomy (OA) but may be associated with more intra-abdominal abscesses. This study examines the changing trends in management of appendicitis in a regional setting during service reorganization and compares infective complication rates for each procedure.

Methods
Data were retrieved from the Lothian Surgical Audit database on 1824 patients treated for appendicitis by OA or LA during equal 31-month periods before and after service reorganization in August 2002. Outcome measures were duration of admission, recovery time from operation to discharge and reintervention for infective complications. Analysis was by intention to treat.

Results
The rate of LA in Lothian increased from 29·9 to 39·4 per cent (P &lt; 0·001) after subspecialist service reorganization. Recovery time from operation to discharge was significantly shorter after LA than OA when results were stratified with respect to sex (mean 2·5 versus 4·4 days respectively in women, P &lt; 0·001; 2·7 and 3·1 days in men, P = 0·023), timing of surgery (2·7 versus 3·3 days before subspecialization, P = 0·007; 2·5 versus 3·6 days after subspecialization, P &lt; 0·001) and whether appendicitis was associated with peritoneal contamination (2·2 versus 3·0 days for uncontaminated surgery, P &lt; 0·001; 4·3 versus 5·1 days for contaminated surgery, P = 0·060). Peritoneal contamination at primary operation was the only independent risk factor that predicted reintervention for infective complications.

Conclusion
LA is associated with a shorter hospital stay from operation to discharge than OA, with no evidence of an increased rate of intra-abdominal infective complications.
Psychological and colonic factors in painful diverticulosis
Authors: Humes D J , Simpson J , Neal K R , Scholefield J H , Spiller R C 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
The importance of psychological factors in symptom expression in diverticulosis is unknown. This follow-up study assessed the relative importance of colonic and psychological factors in symptom expression.

Methods
Patients with barium enema-proven diverticula were sent a bowel symptom questionnaire in 1999 and again in 2006 with additional psychological questionnaires included.

Results
Some 170 of 261 initial responders were eligible for follow-up and 124 (72·9 per cent) provided complete replies. Forty-two (33·9 per cent) of 124 respondents experienced recurrent abdominal pain a median of 3·5 (interquartile range (i.q.r.) 2·00–9·25) days per month, with a median duration of 1 (i.q.r. 0·7–2) h. Multivariable analysis identified a history of acute diverticulitis (odds ratio 3·98; P = 0·010) and a raised score on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (odds ratio 2·53; P = 0·030) as the best predictors of recurrent pain.

Conclusion
Psychological and colonic factors are important in symptom expression in diverticulosis.
Role of transplantation in the management of hepatic malignancy
Authors: Knight S R , Friend P J , Morris P J 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe acceptance of liver transplantation in the management of hepatic malignancy declined after early poor outcomes. Despite recent developments, including stricter selection criteria and improved adjuvant therapies, the role of liver transplantation in the management of cancer remains controversial. This review explores the evidence for the current role of liver transplantation in the management of hepatic malignancy in the context of recent advances in surgical resection and non-surgical treatments.MethodsA literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Library and Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE, using terms for hepatic malignancy and interventions that included liver transplantation, percutaneous interventions, chemotherapy and surgical resection.Results and conclusionIn patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, improved selection has led to outcomes equivalent to those from surgical resection and comparable to those in patients transplanted for non-malignant indications. Recent studies suggest that selection criteria may be refined further. Surgical resection or percutaneous therapies may reduce the risk of progression while waiting for a transplant. Recent improvements have occurred in neoadjuvant therapies for cholangiocarcinoma. Nevertheless, a number of questions regarding the role of liver transplantation for hepatic malignancy remain.
Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial of ultrasonographic screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Ashton H A , Gao L , Kim L G , Druce P S , Thompson S G , Scott R A P 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in British Journal of Surgery 94: (11) 2007, 696–701.
Nationwide study of the outcome of popliteal artery aneurysms treated surgically (Br J Surg 2007; 94: 970–977)
Authors: Oshin O A , Scurr J R , Fisher R K 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Monitoring of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin residual levels in porcine meat press juice and muscle via solid‐phase fluorescence immunoassay and confirmatory analysis by liquid chromatography after post‐column derivatization
Authors: Pyun Chang‐Won , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Hashim M. M. M. , Shim Jae‐Han , Lee Si‐Kyung , Choi Kang‐Duk , Park Kwan‐Ha , Shin Ho‐Chul , Lee ChiHo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA solid‐phase fluorescence immunoassay (SPFIA) that was primarily developed for detection of antibiotic residues in milk was qualitatively applied for the pre‐screening of the residues of aminoglycoside antibiotics, streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin, in meat press juice. The confirmation of both analytes was performed using a validated method of highperformance liquid chromatography with post‐column derivatization. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of pork meat samples spiked at three concentration levels, ranging from 0.25 to 2.5 ppm for each analyte. In general, the recoveries ranged from 80.4 to 81.5% and from 79.6 to 84.4% for streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin, respectively, with relative standard deviations lower than 6%. The limits of detection were 0.1 and 0.15 ppm for streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin, respectively, and the limits of quantification of 0.35 and 0.5 ppm are below the maximum residue limits of Codex, the European Union, and the Korean Food and Drug Administration (ranging from 0.5 to 0.6 ppm). Eight real samples collected from the Seoul area were first monitored using SPFIA, and none of them were found positive. These findings are in good accordance with those observed by HPLC analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to monitor the aminoglycoside residues in pork meat press juice using SPFIA. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of iguratimod in rat plasma by high performance liquid chromatography: method and application
Authors: Zhou Ting , Ding Li , Li Xiaomin , Zhang Fei , Zhang Qian , Gong Bing , Guo Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection has been developed for the determination of iguratimod (T‐614) in rat plasma. Plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile after the addition of the internal standard (IS), N‐[4‐(2‐formylaminoacetyl)‐5‐methoxy‐2‐phenoxyphenyl]‐methanesulfonamide. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed‐phase C18 column with the mobile phase acetonitrile–acetic acid aqueous solution, pH 4.5 (40:60, v/v), at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and the UV detection wavelength was set at 257 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the range 0.10–50.0 µg/mL, and the lower limit of quantification was 0.10 µg/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations were all less than 11.5%. The method has been successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of iguratimod in rats. A single 10 mg/kg dose of iguratimod was given to the rats by intragastric administration. The mean maximum plasma concentration of iguratimod for the six rats was 14.5 µg/mL, and the mean elimination half‐life of iguratimod was 4.0 h. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiacarbocyanine as ligand in dye‐affinity chromatography for protein purification
Authors: Boto R. E. F. , Almeida P. , Queiroz J. A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA thiacarbocyanine has been post‐grafted onto beaded cellulose by a curing method envisioning their use as a biomimetic ligand in dye‐affinity chromatography. The immobilization of this dye was performed based on a previously brief derivatization study where the analogous microcrystalline cellulose was alternatively used and some of the curing reaction conditions were varied. The grafted beaded cellulose so obtained was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized by SEM, SEM‐EDS and EA. The immobilized dye‐affinity interaction with the standard proteins bovine serum albumin, α‐chymotrypsin and lysosyme was analysed. The influence of the mobile phase composition on the chromatographic behaviour of these standard proteins was also studied. A selective interaction was observed allowing the separation of all the three proteins from an artificial mixture. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of sitagliptin, a DPP‐4 inhibitor, in human plasma using liquid–liquid extraction
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna , Kandikere Vishwottam , Mudigonda Koteshwara , Komarneni Prashanth , Aleti Raghupathi , Boggavarapu Rajeshkumar 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography–positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of sitagliptin, a DPP‐4 inhibitor, in human plasma. Following liquid–liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reverse‐phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M + H]+ ions, m/z 408–235 for sitagliptin and m/z 310–148 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.1–250 ng/mL for sitagliptin in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 6%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. A run time of 2.0 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 300 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elevation of anions in exercise‐induced acidosis: a study by ion‐exchange chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: McKinnon William , Pentecost C , Lord Gwyn A , Forni Lui G , Peron Jean‐Marie , Hilton Philip J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAcidosis is a major factor that determines the upper limit of exercise endurance. We have previously shown that anions usually associated with intermediary metabolism are elevated in critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis and contribute significantly to acidosis generation. This study was to determine whether volunteers with normal metabolism would exhibit similar elevations in anions associated with intermediate metabolism when exposed to a short‐term physiological stress leading to a brief lactic acidosis. Physiological stress was induced on five healthy male subjects by means of a ramped exercise protocol. Blood was obtained immediately prior to and post‐exercise, plasma ultrafiltrate was prepared and analysed immediately both by enzyme assay and liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray–mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS). Metabolic acidosis concomitant with a significant increase in blood lactate occurred in each subject, but in addition, anions normally associated with intermediate metabolism were significantly elevated after exercise. The contribution of these anions to generating an acidosis, and thus potentially limiting the extent of exercise, has never been acknowledged. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics of Caenorhabditis elegans over‐expressing human α‐synuclein analyzed by fluorogenic derivatization–liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: identification of actin and several ribosomal proteins as negative markers at early Parkinson's disease stages
Authors: Ichibangase Tomoko , Saimaru Hiroshi , Takamura Norio , Kuwahara Tomoki , Koyama Akihiko , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Imai Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIt has been known that the over‐expression of α‐synuclein, the main protein of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease (PD), leads to neurodegeneration in PD models. In this study, the changes in protein expression between the transgenic over‐expressing human α‐synuclein wild type (α‐synWT) and the control Caenorhabditis elegans were elucidated by fluorogenic derivatization–liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (FD‐LC‐MS/MS) proteome analysis, which is a highly selective, sensitive, repeatable and quantitative method for protein identification. Because the α‐synuclein wild‐type worms showed moderate levels of dopamine loss without overt behavioral abnormalities, it was suggested that the changes in proteins in the α‐synWT are related in the sequence of the formation of Lewy bodies. Among more than 400 protein peaks detected, actin and several ribosomal proteins were identified for the first time as negative markers at early PD stages. Actin was suggested to be one of the important targets in the elucidation of the etiology of neuronal diseases such as PD or other synucleinopathies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutzung von stabilen Agglomeraten zur Wasserbindung
Authors: Kopatz A. , Kunz B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEs wird die Möglichkeit des gezielten Aufbaus stabiler, poröser und kapillarreicher Strukturen aus Gewürzpulver zur Steigerung des Wasserbindevermögens (WBV) durch verschiedene Verfahren der Agglomeration untersucht und deren Grenzen aufgezeigt. Ziel ist die Reststoffvermeidung und damit die Effizienzsteigerung bei der Verarbeitung von Gewürzen im Lebensmittelbereich. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei die Art und Ausprägung intrapartikularer Bindungskräfte sowie deren Potenzial zur Ausbildung kapillarreicher Agglomerate.
Produktverantwortung und Umweltschutz
Authors: Penning J. , Keßler H. , Brahner B. , Henseling K.‐O. , Kohlmeyer R. , Karcher S. , Krause S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEine über den gesamten Lebenszyklus wahrgenommene Produktverantwortung schützt unsere natürlichen Ressourcen und stellt am Ende des Lebensweges die Nutzung der in Altprodukten enthaltenen Wertstoffe sicher. Die chemische Industrie nimmt hierbei eine besondere Funktion ein, da sie Ausgangspunkt für eine Vielzahl von Produkten ist. Im abfallrechtlichen Sinne zielt die Produktverantwortung auf die Schonung natürlicher Ressourcen durch Vermeidung und Verwertung sowie durch umweltverträgliche Beseitigung von Abfällen. Die ganzheitliche Lebenswegbetrachtung des Produktes „Auto”︁ „von der Wiege bis zur Bahre”︁ unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit der Wahrnehmung einer innovativen und nachhaltigkeitsbewussten Produktverantwortung.