bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techno-Economic Evaluation of Turquoise Hydrogen and Carbon Nanotubes Integration in Oil and Gas Infrastructure
Authors: Joao I. F. 
Published: April 2024

Summary
The carbon nanotubes (CNT) market is anticipated to witness a twofold expansion throughout the 2020s, in parallel with the ascendance of hydrogen (H2) as a pivotal element in the energy mix. This study assesses the economic feasibility of manufacturing CNTs and hydrogen utilizing Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition (FC-CVD) methodologies within oil and gas (O&G) infrastructures. This approach is proposed as a strategic initiative to monetize methane, which is frequently subjected to flaring and possesses a Global Warming Potential (GWP) 27–30 times higher than that of carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 100-year period (Understanding Global Warming Potentials 2023).
A comprehensive techno-economic model was constructed utilizing a process-driven cost framework that encompasses precursor materials, energy expenditures, and infrastructural investment considerations. These precursors include methane as a carbon source, specialized catalysts facilitating the dissociation of carbon and hydrogen during the reaction, and carriers that enhance the quality of the resultant CNT materials. From an infrastructural perspective, costs incorporate the utilization of distinct reactors tailored for methane pyrolysis. Additionally, the model integrates the costs of pressure swing adsorption systems (PSA) for hydrogen segregation and systems for hot gas processing. For the economic evaluation, a production timeframe of 10 years is postulated. Metrics such as the unit production breakeven price are assessed assuming a discount rate of 10%.
An industrial-scale FC-CVD process facility, designed to produce 1,000 metric tons of CNT materials yearly, is projected to manufacture at costs as low as $14/kg. The economic analysis suggests that O&G companies could secure profits given the present market price for CNTs ranging from $100 to $1000, effectively reducing the production costs of hydrogen (another co-product) to a negligible level. This would, in effect, create a "free" revenue stream from hydrogen production while supplying a crucial material integral to advanced technologies, such as highly efficient batteries. Such a low-carbon approach could potentially be an alternative to the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) model, which typically incurs high energy and financial costs.
Boosting the Performance of Geothermal Wells Using Progressively-Burning Propellant and High-Rate Acidizing
Authors: Aydin H. , Junesompitsiri C. , Hunkar F. , Schmidt JD , Schmidt R. , Schmidt A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Geothermal energy provides an excellent source of low-carbon power generation. Advances in well completion and stimulation techniques hold promise for increasing energy yield while reducing gas emissions. Geothermal reservoirs’ characteristics typically rely on a natural fracture system with mineral deposition due to alteration. In these systems, it's vital to achieve a high production rate. Various stimulation techniques are commonly known to the industry to remove near-wellbore damage (skin) by injecting appropriate fluids such as acid or solvents. Another approach is bypassing these near-wellbore damages by creating a fracture aiming to create a conductive flow path or improve connectivity to the natural fracture networks. Both techniques can also be used together. This paper presents a combination of creating fractures using propellant stimulation tool followed by an acid treatment. Performance improvement with the propellant tool operation followed by high-rate acidizing will be presented. The stimulation application showed that the production performance of the well was increased by 5-fold. The progressively-burning propellantcoupled with high-rate acidizing were effectively implemented to enhance the production capability of naturally fractured geothermal well. The payback of the stimulation application was less than two months.
Advancements in Gas Field Operations: A Path to Achieving Zero Flaring
Authors: Alsuhali Zaid , Amry Meshal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The study compared the effectiveness and cost implications of High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPs) and continuous flaring as layers of protection. As a result of the study, the facility's operational philosophy was reviewed, leading to the shutdown of six tie-in flares. This strategic initiative was implemented with minimal funding costs and has resulted in substantial cost savings over the facility's lifespan. The cost savings encompass various aspects, such as the value generated from utilizing the gas as a resource and the reduction in maintenance expenses associated with fuel burning, flare tip replacements, and general maintenance. By converting the continuous flares to maintenance flares, routine flaring was effectively eliminated, achieving zero routine flaring status. The study also emphasized the importance of addressing climate change. By adopting low carbon intensity technology and implementing administrative and engineering controls for facilities without HIPs, routine flaring was reduced by 63%. These achievements align with global expectations for environmental protection and the ongoing transformation of the energy sector towards low carbon emissions. The production of energy with minimal impact on air quality contributes to the commitment to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. This paper presents a comparative analysis between High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPs) and continuous flaring as layers of safety protection in gas fields. By examining these factors, we aim to provide insights into the optimal choice for ensuring safety, minimizing environmental harm, and achieving cost savings in gas field operations.
Exploration of CO2-Sensitive Chemicals as Potential Sealing Agents for Subsurface CO2 Storage
Authors: Quan L. , Mirabolghasemi M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pre-existing and induced leakage pathways in subsurface CO2 storage reservoirs pose a threat to long-term CO2 storage. A potential preventative solution to CO2 escape is the use of CO2-sensitive chemicals. These chemicals change from liquid to solid or solid-like state upon contact with CO2, and create an in-situ barrier to flow. This study explores CO2-sensitive materials and the mechanisms by which they can seal the leakage routes in subsurface CO2 storage sites.
In this article we surveyed a wide range of reactions that are influenced or triggered by CO2, whose products may potentially seal geological formations. We classified these reactions based on their sealing mechanisms into two categories. First group of reactions produce solids or gels, which completely fill the pore space and plug the hosting porous/fractured medium. Second group of reactions involves suspensions of CO2-sensitive particles. These particles may grow or aggregate upon contact with CO2, and eventually block the hosting pores/fractures.
CO 2 triggers gelation through various mechanisms. It is known to crosslink molecules with amino groups on their side chains, even at high pressures and temperatures. At room temperature, CO2 triggers the gelation of aliphatic amines. Furthermore, CO2 triggers other gelation reactions by creating an acidic environment or decreasing the solubility of water-soluble polymers. The other sealing mechanism induced by CO2 is salt precipitation. Solid formation through this mechanism is the result of mineral carbonation and eventual formation of insoluble salts. The third mechanism of solid formation is resin solidification after the initial aqueous compound is exposed to high concentrations of CO2. Finally, some polymeric particles swell or aggregate upon contact with CO2. As these particles grow in size due to the aforementioned mechanisms, they block the flow pathways inside the pores and fractures.
This study provides a list of candidate chemicals that may be used as preventative sealing agents in subsurface CO2 reservoirs. It also highlights their limitations and the lack of knowledge on their performance in terms of reaction viability and seal stability and durability at elevated temperatures, pressures, and salinities.
Priorities and directions for future research on student mental health within UK Higher Education Institutions: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Cogan Nicola , Murray Aja , O'Toole Michelle , Long Emily , Milicev Jelena , Leung Menchie , Kyratzi Stella , Gardani Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
In recent years, scholars, practitioners, policy-makers and governments have become alarmed at the declining mental health of students in the United Kingdom (UK), highlighting the need for a comprehensive examination of existing knowledge on the subject. Given the diverse educational, socio-political contexts, and health and social care systems of the four nations of the UK (namely England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales) it is crucial to identify what is currently known about student mental health in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) across the UK in order to guide and advance future research, policy and intervention. In doing so, we will elucidate the differing scope of research across the UK and compare the mental health challenges and support systems that each nation contains. Such a scoping review which maps the available literature has yet to be conducted and thus in this paper we outline the protocol for a scoping review on student mental health in HEIs in the UK.
Methods
This protocol outlines the process of conducting a scoping review of primary research concerning student mental health in HEIs in the UK. The Joanna Briggs Institute guidance on best practice for conducting a scoping review is utilised throughout. A systematic search of appropriate databases will be conducted, allowing for a two-step screening process and data charting. Inclusion criteria for this review dictates that eligible studies will: (a) include a population aged 16 years plus, (b) include the term ‘mental health', (c) include data collected within the UK, (d) be primary research, (e) be published post-2003 and (f) be published in English.
Discussion
The findings of the scoping review outlined in this protocol will be used to inform any immediate actions that can be taken to support better student mental health in the UK as well as inform future research in the area. This review will help build guidance on how to strengthen the evidence base on student mental health in the four nations of the UK for students, educational providers, academics and mental health practitioners, with the aim of raising awareness and improving research, policy and practice across the four nations.
Estimation of in-situ Masonry Mortar Compressive Strength Using Pendulum Hamming Test Method
Authors: suhang Yang , Hu chen , Xu zhifeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The compressive strength of in-situ masonry mortar was evaluated using the Pendulum Test Method (PHTM). A portable PHTM apparatus specifically designed for this purpose is utilized to indirectly evaluate the compressive strength by inserting steel nails into the horizontal mortar joints of the masonry and measuring the penetration depth. This apparatus can directly test extracted mortar samples without excessive preparation. The discrete attributes of the test outcomes are analyzed to ascertain the repeatability and reliability of the PHTM results. A relationship between penetration depth and compressive strength is established. In comparison with other existing testing methods, it has been confirmed that PHTM is an alternative compression testing method for masonry mortar, with the advantages of high accuracy, minimal preparation work, and good repeatability. The mortar compressive strength estimated by PHTM is reasonably consistent with the mortar cubic compressive strength test results.
The effect of Hormonal Contraceptives in Health Status of Sudanese Women in Omdurman Locality-Sudan
Authors: Idris Alkhair Abd Almahmoud , AlRahman Hanaa AbdAlla Abd , Khalil Mayada Alaa Eldeen , Hammad Mohammed Aldai , Elsheikh Mohammed Abdelgader 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background Studies concerning the negative effect of hormonal contraceptives is scarce and scanty. The main aim of this study the common health problems related to the intake of oral contraceptives (OCP) and injection contraceptives (INJ).Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, The study was conducted in Omdurman Maternity Hospital. About 125 Sudanese women were participated in this study divided to test group which was consisted of 65 women used contraceptives, and 60 women were control group. The primary data was collected using questionnaire and laboratory investigations.Results Sociodemographic characteristics of the two groups showed no association between residential areas and nutritional problems as it compared between control and test group (P ≤ 0.05). Level of blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and Hb% among test and control group showed clear differences between the two groups (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusions The most common side effects associated with consecutive use among test were headache, hair fall, weight increase, joint pain, fatigue, accelerated heart beats, unstable breathing and nausea.
Endoscopic Removal of Petrous Cholesteatoma via Trans-canal Supra-labyrinth Approach- A Case Report
Authors: Roy Steuphen , Ravichandran Kastury , Ai Ong Cheng , Narayanan Prepageran 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Petrous cholesteatoma is an entity of significant clinical ramifications especially concerning surgical risks it poses due to close proximity with vital skull-base neurovascular structures. Despite the challenges, surgical extirpation is still the treatment of choice. Conventional methods comprise external trans-mastoid routes through trans-labyrinth, retro-sigmoid and middle cranial fossa.Case presentation In this paper, we present a man native to Borneo, having previously been surgically treated for cholesteatoma who presented with a recurrence at the petrous apex. It was excised entirely via endoscopic trans-canal supra-labyrinth approach.Conclusion Endoscopic removal is currently gaining favor amongst skull-base surgeons as more complex cases has been dealt successfully and reported worldwide. Nonetheless it is an intricate procedure that requires a highly skilled and confident operator which demands experience.
Using Natural Language and Health Ontologies in Hope Recommender System: Evaluation of Use in Primary Care
Authors: Eguia Hans , Sánchez-Bocanegra Carlos , Fernandez-Llatas Carlos , Alvarez-López Fernando , Saigí-Rubió Francesc 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the accuracy of the results of an evidence-based information recommender called Health Operation for Personalized Evidence (HOPE), which is a UMLS ontology-based solution and was used as an automatic assistant to find information in primary care cases.
Materials and methods
Ontologies and Natural Language Processing (NLP) were used by HOPE to assess clinical cases and generate a group of recommendations. The results were reviewed by fifty general practitioners (raters). The Kappa-Fleiss Coefficient measured the level of agreement among them. The precision was also measured to evaluate the satisfaction of a user who is presented with different EBM references. The precision (precision@k) and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG@k) were also calculated because both metrics help assess different aspects of AI recommendation systems.
Results
The Kappa Fleiss coefficient for the 50 raters was 0,66 (z=277 and p-value=0) which represents an “important association” among raters. The results for precision@3, precision@4 and precision@5 over 0,75 showed also good results (@3 72%; @4 72%; @5 68%) as well as the NDCG@k (NDCG@3 63%; NDCG@4 60%; NDCG@5 60%).
The results presented after the NDCG@k indicate that the recommendation system adequately classifies the recommendations presented by HOPE according to the ratings of the raters. The results are highly relevant and they are in the optimal order according to the preferences of raters. HOPE’s response service time seems to be almost immediate, with a mean time of 17,4 seconds.
Conclusion
The recommender system seems to find accurate information for primary care. The use of UMLS ontologies and NLP allows HOPE to find useful information for a clinical case within a reasonable time (relative to the patient’s time assigned). These recommendations could potentially get better diagnosis and treatment as well as eventually reduce consultation time.
Removal of contaminants of emerging concern by Wolffia arrhiza and Lemna minor depending on the process conditions, pollutants concentration, and matrix type
Authors: Kotowska Urszula , Piekutin Janina , Polińska Weronika , Kotowski Adam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Research was carried out on the removal of a group of six contaminants of emerging concern: bisphenol A (BPA), N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), diethylstilbestrol (DES), triclosan (TRC), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) from the water matrix during contact with small floating macrophytes Wolffia arrhiza and Lemna minor. The optimal conditions for the process, such as pH, light exposure per day, and plant mass, were determined using the design of experiments chemometric approach based on central composite design. Experiments conducted under the designated optimal conditions showed that after seven days, the removal efficiency equals 88–98% in the case of W. arrhiza and 87–97% in the case of L. minor, while after 14 days of the experiment, these values are 93–99.6% and 89–98%, respectively. The primary mechanism responsible for removing CECs is the plant uptake, with the mean uptake rate constant equal to 0.299 day-1 and 0.277 day-1 for W. arrhiza and L. minor, respectively. Experiments conducted using municipal wastewater as a sample matrix showed that the treatment efficiency remains high. Landfill leachate significantly reduces plants' ability to remove pollutants.
Isolation and identification of feather-degrading bacteria and cloning and expression of the keratinase gene
Authors: Ma Chengying , Feng Yingying , Chen Bingrui , Meng Zhichao , Meng Dongheng , Fan Yonghong , Zhang Yinghao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this study, the strain CY-A, which has high feather degradation efficiency, was screened from the soil of a chicken pen. Bacillus tequilensis was identified by biological methods. The keratinase gene (bta) of Bacillus tequilensis CY-A was cloned by genetic engineering. The gene is 1110 bp in length, contains an open reading frame of 1089 bp and encodes 369 amino acids. The obtained gene sequence and amino acid sequence have been registered to GenBank under the database accession number OR733336.1. The physicochemical properties, secondary structure and tertiary structure of the protein were analysed by bioinformatics tools, and the relative molecular mass was found to be 37.953 kDa. The tertiary structure of keratin was 98.30% similar to that of Bacillus subtilis arpE. Finally, the keratinase gene bta was ligated to the expression vector pET28a (+) to construct the expression plasmid pET28a(+)-bta, which was subsequently transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) to generate engineered recombinant bacteria. Recombinant keratinase Bta was purified using Ni2+ column affinity chromatography with a molecular weight of approximately 37.953 kDa. Further studies on its recombinant enzymatic properties revealed that the enzyme activity of Bta was 283.93 U/mL, the optimum pH was 8, and the optimum reaction temperature was 50°C. Ca2+ has a very significant role in promoting Bta. EDTA and SDS can significantly inhibit the enzyme activity of Bta, which indicates that the enzyme activity requires metal ions. At a concentration of 10 mmol. L-1, PMSF almost completely inhibited the enzyme activity of Bta, indicating that Bta is a typical serine protease. The identification of the keratinase gene provides a theoretical basis for further improving keratinase activity via genetic engineering.
Evaluation of the Soft Tissue Effects of Early Childhood Caries on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kurt Ayça , Bolat Damla , Hatipoğlu Ömer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a prevalent oral disease that primarily affects children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of ECC, the extent of caries, and its impact on soft tissue and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children aged 3–6 years using the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). The study participants comprised 300 children in the specified age range and their respective parents or caregivers. Clinical examinations of the children were carried out using the dmft, pufa, and ICDAS II indexes. Thereafter, the ECOHIS was administered through personal interviews with the parents or caregivers. The findings revealed a significant negative influence of ECC on OHRQoL (p < 0.05). The overall mean ECOHIS score was 0.62 ± 0.552, with significantly higher scores in children with a pufa index score > 0 than in those with a pufa index score of = 0 (p < 0.05). Children with deep caries had significantly higher ECOHIS scores than those with initial caries (p < 0.05). Early detection and management of caries play a vital role in enhancing the OHRQoL of children and their families. Parents and dental practitioners should be well-informed and proactive in implementing preventive measures to promote better oral health outcomes.