bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debt Structure and Future Financing and Investment. Evidence from Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Hakro Jameel Ahmad Khan , Shaikh Amna Shabbir , Ali Umair , Ali Rajib 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the link between debt structure and future external financing and investment, existing empirical literature suggest various features of debt structure such as maturity structure, seniority and security profile might affect firms’ future financing and investment opportunities. However, literature is vague as to which way these characteristics of debt are actually related to observed financing and investment; this is partly due to the fact that the assumptions in theoretical predictions lack in terms of channels they consider relating to debt structure and future external financing and investment. This study investigates how debt structure is associated to financing and future growth opportunities in terms of fund raising, whether debt structure of oil and gas sector of Pakistan.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Dynamic analysis were used to analyze the data
Findings: The results provide interesting insights, as traditional positive relationship in between short-maturity of debt external financing has revealed negative relation, which is in conflict with existing literature from agency cost but supports the rollover risk. The sector might be better off if it opts out to equity financing, which will open up new investment avenues for future financing and investment. Interestingly secured-debt does not appear to be beneficial owing to differing leveraging patterns within the sector.
Implications/Originality/Value: The paper provides new insights in terms of investment and financing patterns particularly in context of maturity structure of debt.
Impact of Profitability, Firm Size and Investment Opportunities on Earning Quality: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Hanif Mifrah , Alim Wajid , Khan Saleh Nawaz , Naz Iram 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the impact of profitability, firm size, and investment opportunities on earning quality of companies in Pakistan. For this purpose, 100 non-financial companies were selected from the top industries of Pakistan registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2021. This study has taken earning quality as a dependent variable, while profitability, firm size and investment opportunities are used as the independent variables.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: For the purpose of investigation, descriptive statistics are presented and the multi co-linearity test, Hausman test, and random effect regression model are conducted. A purposive sampling technique is used in this research.
Findings: The research indicates that the profitability and investment opportunities have a significant and positive effect on earning quality of the companies. On the other side, the research demonstrated that the firm size has a significant negative effect on earning quality. The reason behind this relation is that the large-scale firms expands their discretionary accruals and manipulate the earnings as they want to show the healthy financial circumstances of the company in the market, so that they can attract investors. Therefore, by doing this manipulation, earning quality is impacted, which indicates the negative effect of firm size.
Implications/ Originality/ Value: This study would help the investors and stakeholders to better understand the financial condition of the non-financial companies of Pakistan before investment. Depending upon all the results, it is recommended that all companies must improve their earning quality and present it without manipulation so that the investors and other stakeholders can make more investments and profits.
Advanced Deep Learning-Based Predictive Modelling for Analyzing Trends and Performance Metrics in Stock Market
Authors: Raza Ali , Javed Mubeen , Fayad Adham , Khan Asfand Yar 
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study's main goal is to investigate how deep learning approaches may be used to analyze stock market performance. The complex patterns and nonlinear interactions present in stock market data may be difficult to completely capture using traditional approaches, which are mostly based on statistical models.
Methodology: Our work uses a large dataset of historical stock prices, macroeconomic indices, and other crucial financial factors to address this. Simple Moving Averages (SMA) are one of the feature engineering approaches that are used to combine fundamental and technical indicators. To capture the temporal dynamics of the stock market, the study goes further into a variety of deep learning architectures, including as long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs).
Findings: The results show that thorough feature engineering combined with deep learning approaches may effectively capture the complexity of the stock market and provide forecasts that are more accurate.
Implications: This highlights how deep learning may revolutionize financial market research and points to a paradigm change toward more trustworthy instruments for investors and decision-makers.
Forecasting the South African Real Spot-rate Curve During Covid-19 Stress
Authors: Mashoene Mmakganya , Doorasamy Mishelle 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of forecasting the South African real spot rate curve using different mathematical term-structure models during the Covid-19 period. This study follows previous studies by Reid (2009) and Mashoene et al., 2021) where dynamic term-structure models performed well compared to static term-structure models over normal market conditions. For high volatility, normality often breaks, which might result in a need for recalibration in the currently used methodology or a total change in the methodology.
Methodology: This study explores the dynamism of both dynamic term-structure models, which follow the Nelson-Siegel framework, and static term-structure models with the option of recalibration of model parameters to account for a change in macro-economic dynamics brought by the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. The forecasting exercise was applied to term-structure models following the Nelson-Siegel framework using AR(1) process.
Findings: The incorporation of macroeconomic factors performed poorly in estimating future model parameters. This could be attributable to the effect of global stress, which resulted in poor linear relationships between macroeconomic and financial factors. Recalibration process on static Nelson-Siegel term-structure models improved the models' performance, especially during the high volatility/period of total economic shutdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
Implications: The application of static Nelson-Siegel term-structure models with recalibrated parameters might improve bond pricing processes and risk management strategies in emerging markets, especially during market stress.
Untangling the Puzzle of Cash Holding Net Working Capital & Financial Performance: A Case of Pakistan Stock Market
Authors: Raza Hamad , Riaz Nimra , Riaz Ahsan , Salman Ali 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:This study examines the impact of liquidity, cash flow operations, and cash holding on a firm’s profitability, with a moderating role of net working capital.The trade-off and pecking order theories are studied to formulate hypotheses to test the explanatory variables that affect a firm’s profitability of companies in Pakistan Stock Market.
Methodology:The quantitative approach was used in this study and the panel data of selected companies were extracted from the Osiris database from 2009 to 2018.
Findings:The results show a significant positive connection between liquidity, cash flow operations, cash holdings, net working capital and ROA. As a result, the study’s model was accepted, explaining that liquidity, cash holdings, and cash flow operations positively and significantly affect the ROA.
Implications/Originality/Value:Limited evidence is available regarding the impact of net working capital on the affiliation between cash holding and profitability within the Pakistan Stock Market. The present study endeavors to address the above gap by investigating the moderating impact of net working capital on the association between selected factors of cash holding and profitability.
Green Finance Green Technology Innovation and Financial Development and their Role in SDG
Authors: Mehmood Sumera , Abbas Abdi Faryal , Ali Raza 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This study analyses the connected roles of Green Technology Innovation (GTI), and Financial Development (FD), and Green Finance (GF)in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the G20 nations. The economy (ECO), the environment (EN), sustainable finance, green banking, green investment, climate change, climate finance, green loans, and sustainable development objectives are only a few of the many aspects covered by the research.
Methodology: This study uses statistical analysis with SPSS to examine dynamics of these characteristics among G20 nations using dataset of answers from 250 participants.
Findings: The findings of the research have big influence on investment strategies and sustainability initiatives including policy choices of the G20.
Implications: Using green finance models improves environmental management and encourages resource development and also lessens ecological risks. The research highlights significance of environmental conservation in fostering economic growth and shaping economic policy. It emphasizes how important economic
Examining the Dynamics of Customers Behavioral Intentions: An Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Fin-Tech Adoption in the Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Waqas , Shafiq Owais 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The main aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the customers’ behavioral intention to adopt financial technologies (Fin-tech) in the banking sector of Pakistan. These factors include perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, environmental concerns and demographic variable age was taken as moderator in this study.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The primary data was collected from 600 customers of the banking sector located in the region of southern Punjab, Pakistan, using simple random sampling techniques from those who are using technologies for their financial activities. The five-point Likert scale was used for data collection and the Google form was used to collect the data as this is the most efficient way.
Findings: The findings of this study reveal that many factors including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards use, and environmental concerns play a positive and significant role in the adoption of financial technologies for their business activities for the customers of the banking sector. At the same time, age was taken as a moderator which significantly moderated the relationship between environmental concerns and behavioral intention to adopt fin-tech.
Implications/Originality/Value: This study gave a detailed understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of Fin-Tech and is also helpful for the researchers, academician, business owners and policymakers for taking decision-makers about enhancing financial activities and getting more efficient and effective responses from the customers for adopting the financial technologies for their business activities and also generate a valuable business for their organizations.
Firm Performance: An Analysis of Financial Policy and Audit Quality in Pakistan
Authors: Kamran Muhammad Rizwan , Shami Mugeeb Zaman , Khan Aiza , Hussain Muqdas Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: Having effective and well-structured financial policies is essential for a company's success. These policies provide the foundation for measuring and analyzing an organization's performance through a robust financial management system. This study introduces a novel element, namely, audit quality, to enhance our understanding of how financial policies impact a firm's performance. The primary objective of this research is to delve deeper into whether audit quality plays a moderating role in the relationship between financial policies and a firm's performance.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Discretionary accruals were calculated using a regression model, and descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the data.
Findings: The results of the study reveal that the connection between free cash flow, agency costs, and a firm's performance is significantly influenced by audit quality. This research particularly offers valuable insights into the manufacturing sector, where performance is of paramount importance.
Implications: By considering the interplay of financial policy, audit quality, and firm performance, businesses and policymakers can make more informed decisions that contribute to the overall prosperity of the Pakistani corporate sector.
The Impact of Financial Sector Development on the Sustainable Economic Growth of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Chakar , Ahmed Mansoor , Ahmed Arshad , Farooq Imran 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The study examine the impact of financial Institutions and markets development on the sustainable economic growth of Pakistan.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Time series data of Pakistan is analyzed from 1985 to 2022 by using OLS.
Findings: Financial institutions development particularly banks are playing positive role in the real GDP growth rate of Pakistan. Financial openness has neutral effect, intermediation and liquidity has positive effect and financial institutions expansion has negative effect on the real GDP. The financial markets development is playing negative role in the real GDP growth rate in Pakistan due to weak, fragile and inefficient market institutions.
Implications/Originality/Value: Our study findings suggest that for a sustainable economic growth Government should encourage and support financial institutions particularly banks to increase economic activities in the country.
Evaluation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) varieties with respect to growth and yield in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Bagale Pratima , Shrestha Arjun Kumar , Giri Hom Nath , Regmi Pradip 
Published: March 2024

A field experiment was carried out during October, 2021 to March, 2022 with an objective to evaluate growth and yield parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) varieties in the Horticulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments were six broccoli varieties viz. two open pollinated (Calabrese and Green Sprouting) and four hybrid varieties (Centauro, Century, Delight, Everest Green). Data were collected for biometrical, phonological, yield and yield attributing characteristics. Results revealed significance for growth and yield parameters. Calabrese had the tallest plant (100.60 cm), the highest leaf number per plant (15.75), the longest leaf (73.90 cm), higher canopy diameter (101.75 cm) and earliness in head initiation (54.50 days) as well as head maturity (60.25 days). Highest head diameter (30.13 cm) and economic yield (22.52 mt/ha) was observed in Century. Thus, Century was found more profitable for commercial production in the environment conditions of Chitwan, Nepal.
Koronar arteriyalarin xroniki total okklüziyasi olan xəstələrdə kollateral inkişaf dərəcəsi ilə tiroid stimuləedici hormon və sərbəst tiroksin səviyyələri arasında əlaqə
Authors: Səmədov F.M. 
Published: March 2024

Məqsəd: İnkişaf etmiş koronar kollaterallar miokard toxumasını işemiyadan qoruyur. Heyvan tədqiqatlarında qalxanabənzər vəzi hormonlarının pro-angiogenetik təsirə malik olduqları göstərilmişdir. Hazırki tədqiqatda məqsədimiz, koronar arteriyalarda xroniki total okklüziya olan xəstələrdə kollateral inkişaf dərəcəsi ilə tiroid stimuləedici hormon və sərbəst tiroksin səviyyələri arasındakı əlaqənin öyrənilməsidir.
Material və metodlar: Koronar angioqrafiyada xroniki total okklüziya aşkarlanan 310 xəstədən xaricetmə kriteriyaları tətbiq edildikdən sonra 174 xəstənin məlumatı dəyərləndirildi. Koronar kollaterallar Rentrop təsnifatına əsasən dəyərləndirildi və Rentrop 0-2 kollateral dərəcəsinə malik xəstələr “zəif kollateral”, Rentrop 3 kollateral dərəcəsinə malik xəstələr isə “inkişaf etmiş kollateral” qrupuna daxil edildi. İki qrup arasında tiroid stimulə edici hormon və sərbəst tiroksin səviyyələri qarşılaşdırıldı.
Nəticələr: 174 xəstədən 73-ündə (42%) inkişaf etmiş kollateral aşkarlandı. İki qrup arasında bazal demoqrafik, klinik və laborator göstəricilər baxımından fərq aşkarlanmadı. “İnkişaf etmiş kollateral” qrupunda TSH səviyyəsi “zəif kollateral” qrupu ilə müqayisədə daha aşağı olduğu müşahidə edildi (1.18 μIU/ml vs. 1.50 μIU/ml,p=0.038). Sərbəst tiroksin səviyyələri baxımından qruplar arasında fərq izlənmədi (p=0.395).
Nəticə: Koronar xroniki total okklüziyalı xəstələrdəaşağıTSH səviyyələri ilə inkişaf etmiş kollaterallar arasında əlaqə mövcuddur.
Azərbaycan əhalisi arasında xəstələnmənin, ateroskleroz mənşəli ürək-damar xəstəliklərinin və onların risk amillərinin yayılmasının öyrənilməsi
Authors: Nəcəfov Ruslan 
Published: March 2024

Azərbaycan əhalisi arasında ateroskleroz mənşəli ÜDX-nin baş verməsində risk amillərinin rolunu Avropa regionu ilə və əlillik göstəricilərini xəstələnmə göstəriciləri ilə müqayisə etdikdə aşağıdakı nəticələrə gəlmək olar:
Avropa regionu ilə müqayisədə Azərbaycanın həm kişi və həm də qadın yaşlı əhalisi arasında şəkərli diabetə yüksək arterial təzyiqə nisbətən daha çox halda rast gəlinir. Bundan fərqli olaraq Avropa regionu ilə müqayisədə Azərbaycanın yaşlı əhalisi arasında əlavə bədən çəkisinin kişilərdə nisbətən aşağı olmasına baxmayaraq bu göstərici bizim qadınlarda daha yüksəkdir, tütünçəkmə isə, Azərbaycanda kişilər arasında qadınlara nisbətən xeyli yüksək olmasına baxmayaraq Avropa regionu ilə müqayisədə bu göstərici bizdə hər iki cins üzrə daha aşağıdır. Azərbaycan əhalisi arasında tənəffüs, həzm, ürək-damar sistemi xəstəlikləri ilə, travmalar, zəhərlənmələr və xarici cəbəblərin təsirindən baş vermiş, infeksion və parazitar xəstəliklərlə xəstələnmə daha yüksək olduğu halda əsas zədələnmə və əlillik törədən xəstəliklər ateroskleroz mənşəli ürək-damar, sinir sistemi və şiş xəstəlikləridir.
PENGARUH RISIKO KREDIT DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK DENGAN TINGKAT KECUKUPAN MODAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Lestaluhu Ramwati Fauziyah , Pattiruhu Josef R. , Siaila Steven 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai Profitabilitas Bank Konvensional terkhusus yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan penyaluran dana dalam hal ini risiko kredit dan likuiditas serta Kecukupan Modal sebagai variable Moderating dari kedua variable terikat untuk mengetahui Profitabilitas Bank.
Subjek penelitian ini adalah bank konvensional yang listing di BEI tahun 2017-2021. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh 24 Bank Umum Konvensional yang terdaftar di BEI. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder yang berasal dari laporan tahunan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistic deskriptif dan analisis regresi linear berganda serta untuk menganalisis variable moderating menggunakan uji MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis).
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Risiko Kredit dan Likuiditas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Profitabilitas Bank. Dan Tingkat kecukupan modal tidak mampu memoderasi pengaruh Risiko Kredit dan Likuiditas terhadap Profitabilitas Bank.
Efektifitas Filter Batang Pisang terhadap Penurunan Kadar Total Suspended Solid, Chemical Oxygen Demand dan Biological Oxygen Demand pada Limbah Domestik
Authors: Dwi Pratiwi Emi Jayanti , Sulistiono Eko , Nasihah Mimatun 
Published: March 2024

Limbah rumah tangga adalah limbah cair hasil buangan dari kegiatan perumahan (rumah tangga) seperti dapur, mandi, dan cucian. Limbah domestik merupakan jumlah pencemar terbesar (85%) yang masuk ke badan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penurunan kadar TSS (Total Suspended Solid), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) dan BOD (Biocemical Oxygen Demand) pada limbah domestik setelah dilakukan filter batang pisang. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan eksperimen dengan uji analisis ANOVA dan didukung dengan uji analisis REGRESI. hasil analisis kualitas air limbah domestik akan dibandingkan dengan standart baku mutu PERMEN LHK No. P68/2016. Hasil penelitian dari tiga ketebalan batang pisang (5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm) terdapat hasil yang berbeda-beda, penurunan TSS terbaik 84 % ada pada 15 cm ketebalan media filter batang pisang sedangkan penurunan COD terbaik 81% dan penurunan BOD terbaik 58% terbaik pada 5 cmÂ ketebalan media filter batang pisang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa uji TSS pada air limbah domestik menunjukkan semakin tebal ketebalan filter batang pisang maka nilai TSS akan semakin menurun, sedangkan hasil uji COD dan BOD pada air limbah menunjukkan bahwa semakin tipis ketebalan filter batang pisang maka nilai COD dan BOD akan semakin menurun.
Analisis Pencemaran Air Sungai Akibat Dampak Limbah Industri Batu Alam di Kecamatan Depok Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Kamalia Diana , Sudarti Sudarti 
Published: March 2024

Sungai merupakan aliran air yang mengalir dan biasanya dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu permasalahan di sungai adalah timbulnya pencemaran air. Pembuangan limbah secara sembarangan ke sungai dapat mencemari air. Akibatnya munculnya beberapa dampak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Depok yang terdapat sungai tercemari oleh limbah industri batu alam. Â Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pencemaran air sungai akibat limbah industri batu alam. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui survey dengan responden masyarakat di Kecamatan Depok. Sampel penelitian ini adalah masyakat di Kecamatan Depok yakni berjumlah 46 orang yang telah mengisi kuisioner. Indikator dalam penelitian ini ada tiga yakni: indikator dampak, indikator kualitas air, dan indikator sikap. Data penelitian ini di analisis menggunakan metode deskriptif berupa persentase yang menunjukkan persentase dari setiap indikator tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 23% pencemaran air yang disebabkan oleh limbah industri batu alam dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan apabila dikonsumsi, 37% perubahan warna air sungai menjadi keruh akibatÂ tercemari oleh limbah industri batu alam, dan 58% masyarakat turut menjaga kebersihan sungai. Dengan demikian, walaupun keadaan sungai tercemar dan menimbulkan dampak tetapi masyarakat tetap menjaga kebersihan lingkungan sungai.Kata kunci: Pencemaran Air;Dampak; Batu Alam; Limbah Industri