bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of a mRNA encoding a glycine‐proline–rich β‐keratin expressed in the regenerating epidermis of lizard
Authors: Dalla Valle Luisa , Toffolo Vania , Belvedere Paola , Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDuring scale regeneration in lizard tail, an active differentiation of β‐keratin synthesizing cells occurs. The cDNA and amino acid sequence of a lizard β‐keratin has been obtained from mRNA isolated from regenerating epidermis. Degenerate oligonucleotides, selected from the translated amino acid sequence of a lizard claw protein, were used to amplify a specific lizard keratin cDNA fragment from the mRNA after reverse transcription with poly dT primer and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (3′‐rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis, 3′‐RACE). The new sequence was used to design specific primers to obtain the complete cDNA sequence by 5′‐RACE. The 835‐nucleotide cDNA sequence encodes a glycine‐proline–rich protein containing 163 amino acids with a molecular mass of 15.5 kDa; 4.3% of its amino acids is represented by cysteine, 4.9% by tyrosine, 8.0% by proline, and 29.4% by glycine. Tyrosine is linked to glycine, and proline is present mainly in the central region of the protein. Repeated glycine–glycine‐X and glycine‐X amino acid sequences are localized near the N‐amino and C‐terminal regions. The protein has the central amino acid region similar to that of claw–feather, whereas the head and tail regions are similar to glycine‐tyrosine–rich proteins of mammalian hairs. In situ hybridization analysis at light and electron microscope reveals that the corresponding mRNA is expressed in cells of the differentiating β‐layers of the regenerating scales. The synthesis of β‐keratin from its mRNA occurs among ribosomes or is associated with the surface of β‐keratin filaments. Developmental Dynamics 234:934–947, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue interactions in the regulation of axon pathfinding during tooth morphogenesis
Authors: Luukko Keijo , Kvinnsland Inger Hals , Kettunen Päivi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLike many other organs, the tooth develops as a result of the epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions. In addition, the tooth is a well‐defined peripheral target organ for sensory trigeminal nerves, which are required for the function and protection of the teeth. Dental trigeminal axon growth and patterning are tightly linked with advancing tooth morphogenesis and cell differentiation. This review summarizes recent findings on the regulation of dental axon pathfinding, which have provided evidence that the development of tooth trigeminal innervation is controlled by epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions. The early dental epithelium possesses the information to instruct tooth nerve supply, and signals mediating these interactions are part of the signaling networks regulating tooth morphogenesis. Tissue interactions, thus, appear to provide a central mechanism of spatiotemporally orchestrating tooth formation and dental axon navigation and patterning. Developmental Dynamics 234:482–488, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inner ear formation during the early larval development of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Quick Quincy A. , Serrano Elba E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe formation of the eight independent endorgan compartments (sacculus, utricle, horizontal canal, anterior canal, posterior canal, lagena, amphibian papilla, and basilar papilla) of the Xenopus laevis inner ear is illustrated as the otic vesicle develops into a complex labyrinthine structure. The morphology of transverse sections and whole‐mounts of the inner ear was assessed in seven developmental stages (28, 31, 37, 42, 45, 47, 50) using brightfield and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The presence of mechanosensory hair cells in the sensory epithelia was determined by identification of stereociliary bundles in cryosectioned tissue and whole‐mounts of the inner ear labeled with the fluorescent F‐actin probe Alexa‐488 phalloidin. Between stages 28 and 45, the otic vesicle grows in size, stereociliary bundles appear and increase in number, and the pars inferior and pars superior become visible. The initial formation of vestibular compartments with their nascent stereociliary bundles is seen by larval stage 47, and all eight vestibular and auditory compartments with their characteristic sensory fields are present by larval stage 50. Thus, in Xenopus, inner ear compartments are established between stages 45 and 50, a 2‐week period during which the ear quadruples in length in the anteroposterior dimension. The anatomical images presented here demonstrate the morphological changes that occur as the otic vesicle forms the auditory and vestibular endorgans of the inner ear. These images provide a resource for investigations of gene expression patterns in Xenopus during inner ear compartmentalization and morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 234:791–801, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of synaptic vesicle two‐related protein SVOP in the developing nervous system of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Logan Mary A. , Steele Michael R. , Vetter Monica L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSynaptic vesicle‐associated proteins are important regulators of neurotransmitter release at synaptic terminals in mature animals. Some synaptic vesicle‐associated proteins are also expressed during development, although their contribution to development is not as clear. Here, we describe the cloning and developmental expression pattern of the Xenopus laevis synaptic vesicle‐associated protein SVOP, a gene first identified as an immediate target for proneural basic helix–loop–helix factors. Alignment analysis revealed a high level of identity between the SVOP protein sequences from Xenopus and other vertebrates. In developing Xenopus embryos, SVOP expression is restricted to the nervous system and is first detectable at the mid‐neurula stage. As development progresses SVOP becomes broadly expressed throughout the central nervous system. Our observation that SVOP is expressed in the developing Xenopus nervous system suggests that it may be involved in neuron formation, maturation, or neuronal function. Developmental Dynamics 234:802–807, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An antenna weight control method of downlink for adaptive array antennas at base station in DS‐CDMA cellular system
Authors: Mikami Manabu , Fujii Teruya 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe application of adaptive array antennas in wireless base stations in cellular mobile communication systems is studied to improve frequency utilization. Since the propagation path information differs in the uplink and the downlink in Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) where the carrier frequencies in the downlink and uplink differ, the method for generating the antenna weights for the downlink is an important topic of study. In this paper, we propose a method that measures the location of the mobile station via the uplink (direction and distance from the base station) and controls the antenna weights of the downlink based on that information. Then we clearly show the improvement in the receive CINR performance in the mobile station when the proposed method was applied to a DS‐CDMA cellular system. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(2): 57–68, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20199
Multimode horn with optimum gain within circular area
Authors: Deguchi Hiroyuki , Okada Taisuke , Tsuji Mikio , Shigesawa Hiroshi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a multimode horn efficiently illuminating the entire circular area is proposed. In comparison with the conventional dual mode horn with a pencil beam, the minimum gain within the covered area is higher by more than 1 dB. In the horn design, the mode excitation coefficients are derived from the universal pattern maximizing the gain in an arbitrary direction. By comparing this result with the optimum gain derived from the quadratic programming method, the effect of beam shaping is evaluated. The validity of the present method is verified by numerical analysis and by the measured radiation pattern of a curved flare multimode horn fabricated for trial in the X band. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(2): 12–21, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20246
Generation of correlated photon pairs in the 1550‐nm band using a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide
Authors: Mori Shigehiko , Motoya Masayuki , Namekata Naoto , Inoue Shuichiro 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLong‐distance communication is important for practical quantum key distribution. From the viewpoint of transmission distance, generation of single photons at 1550 nm is desirable for fiber transmission. Making use of parametric down‐conversion (signal and idler photons) as a single photon source for quantum key distribution can obtain communication distance longer than using a conventional weak coherent pulse. The reason for this is that the arrival time of the idler photon can be known by the detection of signal photon and therefore the dark count probability can be reduced by operating Bob's detector for a very short time around the photon arrival. In this paper, we report on the generation of the correlated photon pairs in the 1550‐nm band using a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide which has a high conversion efficiency. Our measurements are in agreement with a Poissonian photon‐pair distribution. We have deduced that the probability of multi‐photon‐pair generation is sufficiently reduced when the pump is lower than 5 µW with a repetition rate of 800 kHz. We also demonstrated a two‐photon interference experiment using a Mach‐Zehnder interferometer to confirm the quantum‐mechanical nature of the correlated photon pairs. We found that that visibility was decreased when the pump power was increased due to the multi‐photon‐pair contribution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(11): 28–36, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20130
Magnetic field analysis by the edge element FEM
Authors: Miyata Kenji 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSeveral useful techniques are presented for magnetic field analysis by the edge element FEM. The relations of nodal, edge, and facet shape functions are visualized as important properties using the differential operators of gradient and rotation. These shape functions and the rotation of edge shape functions are presented for tetrahedral, prismatic, pyramidal, and hexahedral elements. Furthermore, the method of determining coil current distributions satisfied with conservation of current is shown using a current vector potential and a surface tree gauge condition for open‐loop coils and closed loop coils. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 154(1): 59–65, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20168
Open‐cycle OTEC systems with freshwater product: Effects of noncondensable gases on performance of condenser
Authors: Amano Masatsugu , Tanaka Tadayosi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn open‐cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OC‐OTEC) system is one of the energy conversion methods used to generate electricity from ocean thermal energy. For the OC‐OTEC system, steam evaporated from the surface seawater due to flash evaporation drives the turbine. At that time, dissolved gas such as air is introduced into the low‐pressure system (OC‐OTEC system) as the noncondensable gas, which degrades the performance of condensation heat transfer.In this paper, a small‐scale OC‐OTEC experimental unit experimentally investigates the effect of noncondensable gas on the heat transfer performance in a condenser. The experimental results are discussed in comparison with theoretical estimation by the Sparrow–in method. It is shown that the condensation is occupied by heat and mass transfer near a condensation surface and that the condensation efficiency is affected by exhaust quantity of noncondensable gas at a relatively high concentration ratio of condensable gas. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 154(1): 29–35, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20179
Energy boundaries between single‐domain particle and particles having limited number of domains in Sm2Fe17N3magnetic material
Authors: Kobayashi Kurima , Saito Akiko , Nakamura Mika 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe observation by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) of Sm2Fe17N3(SFN) particles 2 to 4 µm in diameter (D), about 15 particles in all, revealed that the particles show a single‐domain state and/or more than three domain states. The magnetic and domain wall energies of the single‐domain particles (SDP) and those of two‐ and three‐domain particles (2DP, 3DP) were calculated from the measured saturated polarization (Js) and the domain wall energy (γ). The calculation results are as follows: (1) the energy difference between 2DP and 3DP is less than 6% for total energy, in the range ofESDP>E3DP>E3DP; (2) 3DP becomes stable,E2DP>E3DP, in particles withD> 3.0 µm, assuming that the critical diameter is 2 µm. A local demagnetizing field and the presence of macroscopic defects in a particle strongly influence the nucleation of domain wall formation, and it is obvious that 2DP has a higher static magnetic energy than 3DP. Therefore, it can be considered that the morphological complexity of real particles results in greater stability of 3DP than 2DP in the sample particles. On the other hand, the discrepancy between the calculated critical diameter of SDP (dc≈ 0.18 µm) and the measured value (dc≈ 2 µm) can be explained by the temperature dependence of the relative ratio of the crystal magnetic anisotropy and the saturation polarization in the SFN particles, that is,K = K(T)/KR.T.) versus. It is revealed that the decrease in the anisotropy is more pronounced in the higher temperature region near the Curie temperature than the saturation polarization. This is probably the reason that the measured SDP size is greater than the critical radius theoretically calculated usingK1andJsat room temperature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 154(1): 1–8, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20212
Design of tapered SAW waveguide for wavelength‐selective optical switches using weighted acoustooptic interaction
Authors: Goto Nobuo , Miyazaki Yasumitsu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOptical wavelength‐selectivity in optical switches using waveguide‐type collinear acoustooptic interaction is studied from the viewpoint of sidelobe suppression. It is found that the sidelobe level can be reduced from −9.3 dB to −20 dB by weighting the coupling coefficient over the interaction region. A method to realize the sidelobe suppression by means of modifying the surface acoustic wave (SAW) waveguide is proposed and theoretically analyzed to design the SAW waveguide. A sidelobe suppression at −20 dB is realized with a SAW waveguide of a dense‐flint glass strip whose width and thickness are varied accordingly in the ranges of 700 to 26 µm, and 0.4 to 1.0 µm, respectively, on a Y‐X LiNbO3 substrate. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 154(1): 36–46, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20251
Norcorrole and Dihydronorcorrole: A Predictive Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Ghosh Abhik , Wasbotten Ingar H. , Davis Wade , Swarts Jannie C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDFT calculations indicate norcorrole (NCH2), a 16π‐electron doubly contracted porphyrin, to be a promising synthetic target, especially when complexed to a small cation such as NiII. The relative stability of norcorrole derivatives appears to reflect the fact that they are not antiaromatic, but should rather be viewed as bis(dipyrrins). However, norcorrole (NC) complexes are expected to be prone to reduction and we predict that high‐valent transition metal dihydronorcorrole (DHNC) derivatives should exist as reasonably stable substances. Our calculations further predict that both NC and DHNC complexes should exhibit short metal–nitrogen distances and moderate to strong doming of the macrocycle. Overall, a number of calculated results suggest that NC and DHNC derivatives should be of unique electronic‐structural interest, as conceptual links between aromatic tetrapyrroles such as porphyrin and corrole on the one hand and open‐chain pyrrole‐based ligands such as dipyrrins and biliverdines on the other. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Phase Behaviors of the ZrMo2–xWxO8(x= 0.2–2.0) System and the Preparation of an Mo‐Rich Cubic Phase
Authors: Huang Ling , Xiao Qiu‐guo , Ma Hui , Li Guo‐bao , Liao Fu‐hui , Qi Chuan‐min , Zhao Xin‐hua 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe phase behaviors of ZrMo2–xWxO8(x= 0.2 to 2.0) solid solutions have been studied systematically by variable‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques. A low‐temperature (LT) orthorhombic ZrMo2–xWxO8(x= 0.2–2.0) phase is formed by dehydration of the precursors ZrMo2–xWxO7(OH)2(H2O)2(x= 0.2–2.0) within a temperature range from 124 to 203 °C. Among them, the orthorhombic ZrMo2–xWxO8solid solutions are able to convert further into metastable cubic phases within anx‐dependent temperature range from 502 to 552 °C; the trigonal phases become dominant at higher temperature for Mo‐rich solid solutions. However, no trigonal phases are formed in the high‐temperature region for W‐rich solid solutions. The absence of decomposition of ZrMo2–xWxO8(x= 0.2 to 1.6) solid solutions up to 800 °C indicates that the molybdenum substitution leads to a remarkable improvement of the thermal stability in comparison with ZrW2O8. Based on the phase behaviors reported in this paper, an approach for the preparation of cubic Mo‐rich solid solutions ZrMo2–xWxO8with attractive negative thermal expansion (NTE) properties is demonstrated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties of a Class of 2D Coordination Polymers
Authors: He Xiang , Lu Can‐Zhong , Yuan Da‐Qiang , Chen Li‐Juan , Zhang Quan‐Zheng , Wu Chuan‐De 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHydrothermal reactions between 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H2NDC), 1,10‐phenanthroline (1,10‐phen) or 2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐bpy), and transition metal acetates give rise to four coordination polymers, namely [Cu3(NDC)3(2,2′‐bpy)(H2O)2]n·nH2O (1), [Cu(NDC)(1,10‐phen)]n (2), [Zn(NDC)(1,10‐phen)]n (3), and [Zn4(OH)2(NDC)3(2,2′‐bpy)2]n (4), which show different two‐dimensional layered architectures. Compound 1 consists of three kinds of polymeric chains that are interconnected to form an unusual two‐dimensional layered motif, while compound 4 features a two‐dimensional honeycomb network structure with a noninterpenetrating ABCDABCD packing pattern. Compounds 2 and 3 show a two‐dimensional grid‐type framework but have different space‐filling styles. The magnetic properties for 1 and 2 and the solid‐state emission spectra of 3 and 4 have also been studied. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of Group 10 Homo‐ and Hetero‐Dimetallic Sulfur‐Bridged Complexes of the [Ni(ema)(μ‐S,S′)M(diphos)](M = Ni, Pd, Pt) Type
Authors: Duff Samantha E. , Elaine Barclay J. , Davies Sian C. , Hitchcock Peter B. , Evans David J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe series of group 10 homo‐ and hetero‐dimetallic sulfur‐bridged complexes [Ni(ema)(μ‐S,S′)M(diphos)], [M = nickel, palladium or platinum; diphos = 1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)propane or 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane], have been synthesised. Their properties and the crystal structures of five of the series are described. The dinickel complexes are good structural analogues of the dinickel subunit of the nickel‐containing enzyme acetyl‐CoA synthase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
pH‐Dependence in the Hydrolytic Action of the Human Fragile Histidine Triad
Authors: Huang Kaisheng , Arabshahi Abolfazl , Frey Perry A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe human fragile histidine triad protein (Fhit) is a member of the HIT family of enzymes, which catalyze hydrolysis or nucleotidyltransfer reactions of dinucleoside polyphoshates. Fhit catalyzes the magnesium ion‐dependent hydrolysis of P1–5′‐O‐adenosine‐P3–5′‐O‐adenosine triphosphate (Ap3A) to adenosine‐5′‐O‐phosphate (AMP) and the magnesium complex of adenosine‐5′‐O‐diphosphate (ADP) by a double displacement mechanism, with the formation of an adenylyl enzyme as an intermediate. Fhit also catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenosine‐5′‐phosphoimidazolide (AMP‐Im) and adenosine‐5′‐phospho‐N‐methylimidazolide (AMP‐N‐MeIm). The pH‐dependence of these reactions is reported herein, in which the principal conclusions are as follows: The action of wild‐type Fhit on MgAp3A is diffusion‐limited and on AMP‐Im and AMP‐N‐MeIm largely diffusion‐limited and largely pH‐independent. The actions of specifically mutated H96G‐Fhit on AM‐Im, and on AMP‐N‐MeIm, are not diffusion‐limited and are pH‐dependent. The actions of mutated forms of Fhit, H94G‐Fhit, H98G‐Fhit, and H94/98G‐Fhit, are also not diffusion‐limited and are pH‐dependent. Log plots of kinetic parameters against pH show breaks that indicate a group on the enzyme must be protonated for maximal activity. Extensive analysis shows that the imidazole ring of His94 is not essential for the hydrolysis of MgAp3A or AMP‐imidizolides, and the imidazole ring of His98 engages in binding the substrates. In the hydrolysis of AMP‐Im, Fhit and its His94, His96, and His98 variants bind the monoanionic form of AMP‐Im, and the proton required for formation of imidazole in the hydrolytic process originates with an acid/base group of the enzyme. Fhit and several variants also catalyze the hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl‐AMP. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
An Electrochemical DNA Sensor Based on Electrodepositing Aluminum Ion Films on Stearic Acid‐Modified Carbon Paste Electrode and Its Application for the Detection of Specific Sequences Related to Bar Gene and CP4 Epsps Gene
Authors: Ren Yong , Jiao Kui , Xu Guiyun , Sun Wei , Gao Hongwei 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn electrochemical DNA biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing DNA probe on aluminum ion films that were electrodeposited on the surface of the stearic acid‐modified carbon paste electrode (CPE). DNA immobilization and hybridization were characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV) by using methylene blue (MB) as indicator. MB has a couple of well‐defined voltammetric redox peaks at the CPE. The currents of redox peaks of MB decreased after depositing aluminum ion films on the CPE (Al(III)/CPE) and increased dramatically after immobilizing DNA probe (ssDNA/Al(III)/CPE). Hybridization of DNA probe led to a marked decrease of the peak currents of MB, which can be used to detect the target single‐stranded DNA. The conditions for the preparation of Al(III)/CPE, and DNA immobilization and hybridization were optimized. The specific sequences related to bar transgene in the transgenic corn and the PCR amplification of CP4 epsps gene from the sample of transgenic roundup ready soybean were detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with this new electrochemical DNA biosensor. The difference between the peak currents of MB at ssDNA/Al(III)/CPE and that at hybridization DNA modified electrode (dsDNA/Al(III)/CPE) was applied to determine the specific sequence related to the target bar gene with the dynamic range comprised between 1.0×10−7 mol/L to 1.0×10−4 mol/L. A detection limit of 2.25×10−8 mol/L of oligonucleotides can be estimated.