bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining bibliometrics, information retrieval, and relevance theory, Part 1: First examples of a synthesis
Authors: White Howard D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn Sperber and Wilson's relevance theory (RT), the ratio Cognitive Effects/Processing Effort defines the relevance of a communication. The tf*idf formula from information retrieval is used to operationalize this ratio for any item co‐occurring with a user‐supplied seed term in bibliometric distributions. The tf weight of the item predicts its effect on the user in the context of the seed term, and its idf weight predicts the user's processing effort in relating the item to the seed term. The idf measure, also known as statistical specificity, is shown to have unsuspected applications in quantifying interrelated concepts such as topical and nontopical relevance, levels of user expertise, and levels of authority. A new kind of visualization, the pennant diagram, illustrates these claims. The bibliometric distributions visualized are the works cocited with a seed work (Moby Dick), the authors cocited with a seed author (White HD, for maximum interpretability), and the books and articles cocited with a seed article (S.A. Harter's “Psychological Relevance and Information Science,” which introduced RT to information scientists in 1992). Pennant diagrams use bibliometric data and information retrieval techniques on the system side to mimic a relevance‐theoretic model of cognition on the user side. Relevance theory may thus influence the design of new visual information retrieval interfaces. Generally, when information retrieval and bibliometrics are interpreted in light of RT, the implications are rich: A single sociocognitive theory may serve to integrate research on literature‐based systems with research on their users, areas now largely separate.
Effect of macrolide antibiotics on uptake of digoxin into rat liver
Authors: Ito Suwako , Nasu Risa , Tsujimoto Masayuki , Murakami Hideyasu , Ohtani Hisakazu , Sawada Yasufumi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of macrolide antibiotics, clarithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, josamycin and azithromycin, on the hepatic uptake of digoxin. The uptake of [3H]digoxin was studied in ratsin vivo, using the tissue‐sampling single‐injection technique, and in isolated rat hepatocytesin vitro. The uptake of [3H]digoxin into rat hepatocytes was concentration‐dependent with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 445 nM. All the macrolide antibiotics inhibited the uptake of [3H]digoxin into rat hepatocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner. However, clarithromycin did not affect thein vivohepatic uptake of digoxin in rats. Thein vivopermeability–surface area product of digoxin for hepatic uptake (PSinf) was estimated to be 12.5 ml/min/g liver from the presentin vitrodata, which is far larger than the hepatic blood flow rate (1.4 ml/min/g liver). Macrolide antibiotics at clinically relevant concentrations inhibit digoxin uptake by rat hepatocytesin vitro, but notin vivo, probably because hepatic uptake of digoxin in rats is blood flow‐limited. Clinically observed digoxin–macrolide interaction in humans could be due to macrolide inhibition of hepatic digoxin uptake, if the uptake is permeation‐limited. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of conformational dynamics in sequence‐specific autoantibody•ssDNA recognition
Authors: Bobeck Melissa J. , Glick Gary D. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract11F8 is a sequence‐specific monoclonal anti‐ssDNA autoantibody isolated from a lupus prone mouse that forms pathogenic complexes with ssDNA, resulting in kidney damage. Prior studies show that specificity is mediated by a somatic mutation from serine at 31VH to arginine. Reversion back to serine in 11F8 resulted in >30‐fold decrease in affinity and altered thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for sequence‐specific recognition of its cognate ssDNA ligand. Mutagenesis and structural studies suggest that R31VH contacts ssDNA via a salt bridge and a bidentate hydrogen bond and may further contribute to specificity by altering binding‐site conformation. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments were conducted to assess the kinetics of conformational change during 11F8•ssDNA association. The extent of rearrangement between the six complementary determining regions in the 11F8•ssDNA complex with germline serine or somatically mutated arginine at residue 31 of the heavy chain was examined. Our studies show that greater conformational change occurs in five of six complementarity determining regions after the heavy chain germline J558 sequence undergoes mutation to arginine at 31VH. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 481–489, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
An additional simple denitrification bioreactor using packed gel envelopes applicable to industrial wastewater treatment
Authors: Morita Masahiko , Uemoto Hiroaki , Watanabe Atsushi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA simple denitrification bioreactor for nitrate‐containing wastewater without organic compounds was developed. This bioreactor consisted of packed gel envelopes in a single tank. Each envelope comprised two plates of gels containing Paracoccus denitrificans cells with an internal space between the plates. As an electron donor for denitrification, ethanol was injected into the internal space and not directly into the wastewater. P. denitrificans cells in the gel reduced nitrate to nitrogen gas by using the injected ethanol. Nitrate‐containing desulfurization wastewater derived from a coal‐fired thermal power plant was continuously treated with 20 packed gel envelopes (size, 1,000 × 900 × 12 mm; surface area, 1.44 m2) in a reactor tank (volume 1.5 m3). When the total nitrogen concentration in the inflow was around 150 mg‐N·L−1, the envelopes removed approximately 60–80% of the total nitrogen, and the maximum nitrogen removal rate was 5.0 g‐N·day−1 per square meter of the gel surface. This value corresponded to the volumetric nitrogen removal performance of 0.109 kg‐N·m−3·day−1. In each envelope, a high utilization efficiency of the electron donor was attained, although more than the double amount of the electron donor was empirically injected in the present activated sludge system to achieve denitrification when compared with the theoretical value. The bioreactor using the envelopes would be extremely effective as an additional denitrification system because these envelopes can be easily installed in the vacant spaces of preinstalled water treatment systems, without requiring additional facilities for removing surplus ethanol and sludge. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97:1439–1447. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of the insulin binding, uptake and endogeneous insulin content in long‐ and short‐term starvation in Tetrahymena
Authors: Csaba G. , Kovács P. , Pállinger Éva 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFITC‐insulin binding and endogeneous insulin content of Tetrahymena pyriformis, that had been 24 h or 30 min starved, continuously fed or re‐fed after starvation was studied by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Long starvation elevated both insulin binding and endogeneous insulin content of the cells. Short re‐feeding after long starvation or short starvation after continuous feeding does not change the situation. Fixed cells also bind FITC‐insulin, however, in this case long starvation reduces, and re‐feeding after long starvation elevates, the binding, which means that hormone binding by receptors only differs from receptor binding and engulfment (in living cells). The increase of FITC‐insulin content in living cells seems to be due to engulfment, rather than by receptor binding. The results point to the unicellular organism's requirement for insulin production and binding in a life‐threatening stress situation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
External validity of ST elevation myocardial infarction trials: The Zwolle studies
Authors: Rasoul Saman , Ottervanger Jan Paul , Dambrink Jan‐Henk E. , Boer Menko‐Jan de , Hoorntje Jan C.A. , Gosselink A.T. Marcel , Zijlstra Felix , Suryapranata Harry , van 't Hof Arnoud W.J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: Guidelines are mainly based upon results of randomised controlled clinical trials. However, due to low external validity of these trials, their results can not reasonably be applied to all patients in routine practice. In our hospital, all patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are eligible for inclusion in one of our ongoing trials or registries. To asses differences between patients enrolled versus not‐enrolled in a trial or registry, we evaluated all patients with a discharge diagnose of STEMI during the study period. Methods: Retrospectively, individual patient data from all patients with a discharge diagnosis of STEMI between Jan 2001 and Dec 2001 were evaluated. Follow‐up data were obtained until Dec 2004. Results: A total of 583 patients were discharged with a diagnosis of STEMI. About 455 (78%) patients were enrolled in one of the ongoing clinical trials or registry and 128 were not. Not‐enrolled patients were significantly older; more often had a history of previous MI and had higher risk profiles. Multivariate analysis revealed that higher age was the only independent predictor for non enrolment. Not‐enrolled patients were more often treated conservatively and had a higher mortality rate (36% vs. 6%, P << 0.001). After multivariate analysis, nonenrolment (OR: 95% CI) 4.02 (1.98–8.16), age 1.07 (1.04–1.12), and diabetes 2.39 (1.17–4.89) were the only independent predictors of long term mortality. Conclusions: This study shows important differences in baseline characteristics, treatment, and prognosis between patients with STEMI who were enrolled or not in a trial. To better reflect daily clinical practice, guidelines should also consider results of observational studies of unselected patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total Solution of the Gibilaro and Rowe Model for a Segregating Fluidized Bed
Authors: Leaper M. C. , King A. C. , Burbidge A. S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis study re‐examines the one‐dimensional equilibrium model of Gibilaro and Rowe (1974) for a segregating gas fluidized bed. The model was based on volumetric jetsam concentration and divided the bed contents into bulk and wake phases, taking account of bulk and wake flux, segregation, exchange between the bulk and wake phases, and axial mixing. Due to the complex nature of the model and its unstable solution, the lack of computing power at the time prevented the authors from doing little more than the analytical solutions to specific cases of this model. This paper provides a numerical total solution and allows the effect of the respective parameters to be compared for the first time. There is also a comparison with experimental results, which showed a reasonable agreement.
Removal of Gas Pollutants of a Thermal Oxidizer with a Dynamic Scrubber
Authors: Bagheri S. R. , Jamshidi E. , Najafabadi A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe absorption of gas pollutants including CO2, CO, NO, NO2, SO2, and H2S from the exhaust of a paint recuperative oxidizer into NaOH solution has been studied using an industrial scale dynamic scrubber. Experimental results show the influence of the absorbent concentration on the pollutant removal efficiency. The best removal efficiencies of CO2, CO, NO, NO2, SO2, and H2S were 79, 80, 80, 100, 75 and 88 %, respectively, with 2 % NaOH as the absorbent. A comparison of these results with previous studies shows that the liquid‐to‐gas flow rate ratio (FL/FG) in this dynamic scrubber is much smaller than for traditional NaOH scrubbers and spray dryers.
Technical/Economical Evaluation of Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysis for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Sarrouh B. F. , Silva S. S. , Santos D. T. , Converti A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn an attempt at improving bioethanol production, a bench‐scale comparison has been performed between the traditional one‐step process of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis with 70 % sulfuric acid, and a modified operation including a second step with more dilute acid, at higher temperature. The influence of the reaction time, the percentage of solids in the sugarcane bagasse suspension and temperature on the hydrolysis efficiency, was investigated. Although the modified protocol allows for an appreciable improvement in the yield of conversion to fermentable sugars in comparison to the one‐step hydrolysis, a technical/economical analysis demonstrated that it would demand higher production costs and a longer payback period. Therefore, the latter process should be recommended for the setting up of a pilot plant with a production capacity of 80 m3 of alcohol per day.
Analysis of antigen‐specific antibodies and their isotypes in experimental malaria
Authors: van der Heyde Henri C. , Burns James M. , Weidanz William P. , Horn John , Gramaglia Irene , Nolan John P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundMeasuring antibody production in response to antigen exposure or vaccination is key to disease prevention and treatment. Our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the antibody response is limited by a lack of sensitive analysis methods. We address this limitation using multiplexed microsphere arrays for the semi ‐quantitative analysis of antibody production in response to malaria infection.MethodsWe used microspheres as solid supports on which to capture and analyze circulating antibodies. Antigen immobilized on beads captured antigen‐specific antibodies for semi‐ quantitative analysis using fluorescent secondary antibodies. Anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies on beads captured specific antibody isotypes for affinity estimation using fluorescent antigen.ResultsAntigen‐mediated capture of plasma antibodies enables determination of antigen‐specific antibody “titer,” a semi‐quantitative parameter describing a convolution of antibody abundance and avidity, as well as parameters describing numbers of antibodies bound/bead at saturation and the plasma concentration‐dependent approach to saturation. Results were identical in single‐plex and multiplex assays, and in qualitative agreement with similar parameters derived from ELISA‐based assays. Isotype‐specific antibody‐mediated capture of plasma antibodies allowed the estimation of the affinity of antibody for antigen.ConclusionAnalysis of antibody responses using microspheres and flow cytometry offer significant advantages in speed, sample size, and quantification over standard ELISA‐based titer methods. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology.
Taking Up the Cudgels for Perchlorates: Uses and Applications in Organic Reactions under Mild Conditions
Authors: Bartoli Giuseppe , Locatelli Manuela , Melchiorre Paolo , Sambri Letizia 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMetal perchlorates are compounds of great chemical interest since they possess some unique properties, such as high electronegativity and relatively low charge density, poor complexing ability, high solubility in various organic solvents, and kinetic stability under mild conditions. Besides providing polar media when dissolved in solvents, metal perchlorates have recently found wide employment as Lewis acid promoters in various organic transformations, both in the development of new techniques for known and widely used reactions and in promotion of new kinds of reactivity. This paper presents a general overview of the more recent uses of lithium, magnesium, zinc, and nickel perchlorates, underlining the fact that such perchlorates are quite safe chemical products under mild conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Fmoc‐Protected Altritol Phosphoramidite Building Blocks and Their Application in the Synthesis of Altritol Nucleic Acids (ANAs)
Authors: Abramov Mikhail , Schepers Guy , Van Aerschot Arthur , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFmoc‐protected altritol nucleoside phosphoramidite building blocks with adenine, guanine, thymine, uracil, cytosine and 5‐methylcytosine as bases have been synthesized. These building blocks were used for the synthesis of altritol nucleic acid (ANA) and chimeric ANA‐RNA oligonucleotides. Whilst the yields of oligonucleotides were lower than those obtained with 3′‐O‐benzoyl‐protected altritol building blocks, the excellent compatibility with Pac‐RNA chemistry for the synthesis of chimeric oligonucleotides makes Fmoc a valuable protecting group for the secondary alcohol functions of the sugar moieties of nucleosides for oligonucleotide synthesis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A numerical method for one‐dimensional compressible multiphase flows on moving meshes
Authors: Saurel Richard , Massoni Jacques , Renaud François 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the numerical approximation of a hyperbolic non‐equilibrium multiphase flow model with different velocities on moving meshes. Such goal poses several difficulties. The presence of different flow velocities in conjunction with cell velocities poses difficulties for upwinding fluxes. Another issue is related to the presence of non‐conservative terms. To solve these difficulties, the discrete equations method (J. Comput. Phys. 2003; 186(2):361–396; J. Fluid. Mech. 2003; 495:283–321; J. Comput. Phys. 2004; 196:490–538; J. Comput. Phys. 2005; 205:567–610) is employed and generalized to the context of moving cells. The complementary conservation laws, available for the mixture, are used to determine the velocities of the cells boundaries. With these extensions, an accurate and robust multiphase flow method on moving meshes is obtained and validated over several test problems with exact or experimental solutions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue‐preserving approach to extracting DNA from paraffin‐embedded specimens using tissue microarray technology
Authors: Prince Mark E. , Ubell Mathew L. , Castro Jason , Ogawa Haruko , Ogawa Tetsuya , Narayan Ajita , Paulino Augusto , Cole Andrew , Wolf Gregory T. , Rubin Mark A. , Lyons Robert H. , Bradford Carol R. , Carey Thomas E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground.DNA extracted from tumor cells or normal cells contained in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues is widely used in many laboratories. The 2 most common procedures to isolate cells for DNA extraction from paraffin‐embedded tissues are scalpel microdissection and laser capture microdissection. A new tissue‐ and time‐conserving method for rapid DNA isolation from small cores taken from paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks is described in this report.Methods.DNA was extracted from small tissue cores collected from paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks at the time of tissue microarray construction. The quality and quantity of the DNA extracted was compared to DNA collected by scalpel microdissection. DNA collected from tissue cores was used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis.Results.The quality and quantity of DNA obtained using tissue cores was comparable to DNA obtained by traditional methods. The tissue core method of DNA extraction preserves the tissue blocks from which the cores are extracted for future use. Adequate quantities of DNA can be successfully extracted from small segments of tissue cores and used for PCR. DNA isolated by tissue microdissection and the tissue core method were comparable when used to assess allelic heterozygosity on chromosome arm 18q.Conclusion.The tissue core method of DNA isolation is reliable, tissue conserving, and time effective. Tissue cores for DNA extraction can be harvested at the same time as tissue microarray construction. The technique has the advantage of preserving the original tissue blocks for additional study as only tiny cores are removed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Necrotizing fasciitis as a late complication of multimodal treatment for locally advanced head and neck cancer: A case report
Authors: Maluf Fernando C. , William, William N. , Rigato Otelo , Menon Antonio D. , Parise, Orlando , Docema Marcos F. L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground.Late complications of novel organ preservation multimodal protocols for the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer may be underreported in the literature.Methods and Results.We present the case of a 64‐year‐old man with T4 N0 M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, who enrolled on an organ‐preservation protocol at our institution. He received 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine, docetaxel, and carboplatin, followed by 2 more identical cycles given concurrently with radiotherapy. Nine months later, he was admitted to the hospital with Streptococcus pyogenes necrotizing fasciitis of the cervical region, leading to rapidly progressive septic shock.Conclusions.Severe infectious complications of chemoradiation for locally advanced head and neck cancer may occur months after completion of treatment. The recognition of these late side effects is crucial so as to accurately ascertain the long‐term morbidity and benefits of organ‐preservation protocols in this setting. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
In vitro evaluation of a double‐membrane–based voice‐producing element for laryngectomized patients
Authors: Tack Johannes W. , Rakhorst Gerhard , van der Houwen Eduard B. , Mahieu Hans F. , Verkerke Gijsbertus J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground.A sound generator based on a double‐membrane design that fits into a regular tracheoesophageal shunt valve may improve voice quality after total laryngectomy in patients rehabilitated with surgical voice prostheses.Methods.Voice‐producing element (VPE) prototypes were manufactured using medical grade biocompatible materials and tested in vitro under physiological conditions.Results.Basic sound, containing multiple harmonics, was successfully produced under physiologic air pressure and airflow conditions. The fundamental frequency and sound pressure level (SPL) is controlled by changing the driving pressure, thus enabling sufficient intonation for day‐to‐day speech. The obtained frequency range (190–350 Hz) is appropriate for producing a female voice. The low noise‐to‐harmonics ratio (mean 0.15) and also the efficiency of sound production (5.5 × 10−5 at 80 dB(A) and 0.15 m microphone distance) is comparable to that of normal vocal folds.Conclusions.Functional restoration of the voice after laryngectomy with a double‐membrane VPE appears to be a feasible concept for female laryngectomized patients with a hypotonic, or atonic pharyngoesophageal segment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Angiomatous type of jugular foramen meningioma with neck extension: Differential diagnosis from paraganglioma and schwannoma
Authors: Chen Zeng‐Chang , Wang Cheng‐Ping , Hsiao Jong‐Kai , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Tseng Ham‐Min , Yao Yu‐Tung 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground.Meningiomas involving the jugular foramen and parapharyngeal space are extremely rare. They most commonly occur intracranially and then extend to the extracranial region through the foramen of the skull base, such as jugular foramen. Clinically, these tumors mimic the more common glomus jugulare tumor. Preoperative diagnosis can be correct on the basis of the characteristic imaging findings.Methods.A 52‐year‐old woman was seen with a left neck mass and mixed‐type hearing loss. She underwent physical examination, MRI, high‐resolution CT, and angiography.Results.Physical examination revealed a retrotympanic, pulsatile red mass in the left ear, and mild bulging of the left oropharyngeal wall. The patient was found to have the spreading, carpet‐like, meningioma with extracranial extensions via jugular foramen to parapharyngeal space. Preoperative imaging strategy allowing accurate preoperative diagnosis is discussed.Conclusions.Accurate distinction between meningioma and glomus tumor or schwannoma is possible in most cases, with attention to fine radiologic detail. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007