bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caprine arthritis‐encephalitis virus infection of goats in South Australia
Authors: SURMAN P G , DANIELS E , DIXON B R 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY: : Caprine arthritis‐encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection of dairy goats was shown by virus isolation and serology to be widespread in South Australia.CAEV was isolated at necropsy from 24 of 27 dairy goats with swollen joints from 13 herds, and from 9 of 30 live dairy goats in 7 herds. Virus was isolated most frequently from synovial membranes, and occasionally from mammary glands, mammary lymph nodes, choroid plexus, lungs, spleen, bone marrow, salivary glands, leucocytes, synovial fluid and milk.Antibody to CAEV was detected in the serum of 13 of 17 of the necropsied goats tested in a single‐line gel diffusion test, and in another 3 retested with a modified double‐line technique.Serum antibody was also demonstrated in 61 of 77 dairy goat herds, many with histories of arthritis. In 1984 to 1986 the annual number of serologically positive serums and proportions of the numbers tested were 134 (40%), 121 (45%) and 42 (18%), respectively. CAEV was isolated from leucocytes of 8 live goats in 6 of these herds. In fibre goats antibody was detected in the serum of 25 Angora and 19 crossbreds (0.1%) from the 33,279 Angora, 1,705 Cashmere, 8,715 crossbred and 904 feral goats tested. Aust Vet J 64: 266–271
Mercury in hospital dentistry
Authors: Perim Stewart Ira , Goldberg Allen Fred 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAmalgam has proved to be among the most versatile and durable of all restorative materials used in the treatment of dental disease. Hospital controls are essential to ensure that it is handled and controlled properly. Each practitioner and staff member should realize the potential hazards associated with mercury, and practice good mercury hygienic measures and control procedures.
Acceptance of dental prophylaxis by the institutionalized patient
Authors: LINDEMANN ROBERT A. , HENSON JOHN L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYInstitutionalized patients with moderate and severe handicapping conditions may have difficulty receiving routine dental treatment. One reason that prevents their access is negative practitioner expectations. Traditionally, this group has been treated in a hospital setting. This study assesses the ability of dental hygiene students in the general clinic setting to provide dental prophylaxis to patients with moderate and severe handicapping conditions. Of the 38 patients, 31 (82%) were successfully treated in the clinic or quiet room. The results suggest that greater numbers of patients can be treated in private practice situations when simple treatment adjuncts and mild physical restraint are used.
Oral surgery management of the geriatric patient
Authors: ARAGON STEVEN B. , BUCKLEY STEVEN B. , TILSON HUCH B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBecause the management of geriatric patients is accomplished with increased risk for morbidity and mortality compared to average patients, dentists who treat the medically compromised geriatric patient should be ready for any emergency. It is the dentisfs responsibility to know basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation, to have trained his ancillary personnel in emergency techniques, and to have the proper resuscitative equipment available.As the geriatric population increases, so will the demands on the dental profession to provide care for the patients in this category. Geriatric patients require more time, patience, attention to detail, and evaluation before treatment is begun. Clearly, these increasing requests for treatment must be met and the patients delivered the best care the dental profession can offer regardless of compromising medical status.
Infantilization of elderly patients by health care providers
Authors: Dolinsky Elaine H. , Dolinsky Herbert B. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryInfantilization of the elderly has been defined and clinical examples given Potential effects of the process and their possible contributing factors have been discussed.As the dental profession increases its awareness of the oral health needs of the elderly, dental personnel must also acquire greater sensitivity to the nuances of communication. The dental delivery team, whether in private practice or in institutions, must appropriately treat elderly patients as adults.
Periodontal treatment needs and oral hygiene for institutionalized individuais with handicapping conditions
Authors: MANN JONATHAN , WOLNERMAN JOSEPH S. , LAVIE GABRIEL , CARLIN YAEL , GARFUNKEL ADI A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYForty‐five patients aged 3 to 22 who have handicapping conditions were examined to determine their oral hygiene leveis and periodontal treatment needs. This study shows that oral hygiene leveis for males and the older population were higher. Periodontal treatment needs were highly correlated to oral hygiene, and were much higher for males and older age groups.Various aspects were discussed and it was concluded that primary prevention is an immediate, although a partial solution. However, new aids and antibacterial solutions should be further investigated in this population to simplify plaque removal.
Treatment of Papillon‐Lefevre syndrome with chemotherapy: report of cases
Authors: SHAPIRA JOSEPH , EIDELMAN ELIEZER , FUKS ANNA , HACHAM‐ZADEH S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo sisters affected by Papillon‐Lefevre syndrome were described and treatment trials reported. Scaling, curettage, pro‐phylaxis, and oral hygiene instructions were repeatedly given to the patients. Daily rinses with a solution of cysteine were instituted. When this was unsuccessful, a daily dose of 1 gm tetracycline was admininstered for 8 weeks, concomitant with a periodontal splint. All the treatment modalities failed. Poor patient compliance may have affected the results. A noticeable periodontal finding of PLS was the presence of unaffected primary dentition in the younger sibling.
Hospital Dentistry: The importance of denture identification
Authors: SEALS RICHARD R. , SEALS DIANNA J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe potential benefits of denture identification are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of four basic methods of marking dentures for identification are delineated. These procedures are simple, efficient, and require little time and effort. The marking of dentures has the potential to reduce human anguish, add quality to life, and save the funds expended to replace lost dentures. It is a professional service that bestows valuable benefits on patients who wear dentures, especially those who live in long‐term care facilities. Denture identification can be a simple, inexpensive means to highlight dentistry as a caring profession with a desire to be of service to people.
The geropsychiatric patient
Authors: CHARATAN FRED B. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTo achieve successful treatment in the geropsychiatric patient, the dentist should understand the difference between depression and dementia and be able to adapt his or her approach to the patient, depending on the diagnosis. The practitioner should also take time to review the geropsychiatric patient's clinical record and appreciate the patient's behavioral potentialities. Before starting dental treatment, the practitioner should plan appropriate psychotropic medications as a form of psychopharmacologic crisis intervention. This method reflects the team approach in geriatric medicine and dentistry.
Oral candidiasis in the elderly
Authors: THOMAS JOHN E. , LLOYD PATRICK M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOral candidiasis is a significant infectious process in the elderly. Clinically, it is encountered by the dental practitioner in a variety of ways, including acute and chronic forms. C albicans is also an important factor in the development of angular cheilitis and median rhomboid glossitis.Numerous systemic and local conditions common to the elderly predispose this population to oral Candida infections. Frequent combinations of these multiple risk factors increase the occurrence of oral candidiasis in older adults. It is imperative that health care providers be cognizant of systemic and local predisposing factors and typical clinical signs and symptoms to provide rational treatment for oral C albicans infections.
Saving a dental residency: a joint commitment
Authors: SMITH BONNIE M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe ability of the hospital to financially sustain a quality dental residency program depends on achieving the required increase in the volume of patients and the appropriate payer mix proportions. Although the importance of achieving financial viability places the program at a continuing risk, the dental department and the hospital's administrative staff members have taken a significant step forward to assure viability of the residency program in a financially uncertain health care environment.
Learned helplessness and the older dental patient
Authors: SHIPMAN BARRY , TEITELMAN JODIE L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe theory of learned helplessness provides a framework for understanding certain dysfunctional, noncompliant behavior often seen by dental practitioners in some of their older patients. According to proponents of the theory, individuals repeatedly exposed to events perceived beyond personal control eventually have the cognitive, motivational, and affective deficits of helplessness. The loss of self‐esteem may also occur if the individual believes he or she is personally responsible for the circumstances. The multiple losses of older dental patients make them particularly vulnerable to helplessness.Practitioners and staff members have a special role in helping to prevent or reverse the effects of helplessness in older patients. When interacting with these patients, practitioners can enhance the older persons' perceived control by providing the patient with choices when possible and practical, by providing success experience, and by increasing and predictability of the oral rehabilitation process. The practitioner and auxiliary staff members can help modify patients' expectations for restoration of oral functioning when they are inappropriately high to prevent future disappointments. Finally, rehabilitation staff members need to promote autonomy and self‐sufficiency in patients, and to reject the tendency to “do for” patients those tasks that can be independently accomplished. Dental staff members can use these guidelines to enhance the quality of their interactions with older patients and can be instrumental in preventing or eliminating the behavioral deficits associated with learned helplessness.
Nutrition during treatment of head and neck cancer
Authors: JONES JUDITH A. , LANG W. PAUL 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe importance of nutrition during the treatment of head and neck cancers has been discussed in relation to oral health. The side effects of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are described as well as their effects on nutrition. Common presentations of therapy‐induced malnutrition are presented. Parameters for nutritional assessment are listed and an instrument is proposed to assist with the monitoring of nutritional status and to aid in organizing interventions that support adequate nutrition. The practitioner who is capable of recognizing and helps to prevent nutritional deficiencies in patients with head and neck cancers provides a valuable service that increases the comfort of the patient and improves the prognosis for successful therapy.
Personality factors, demographic variables, and indexes of periodontal disease in normal, community‐dwelIing males
Authors: GARVEY ARTHUR J. , DOUGLASS CHESTER W. , CHAUNCEY HOWARD H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe present study examined the interrelationships of personality traits and six periodontal health status measures in 550 adult males, aged 29 to 74, who are participants in an ongoing longitudinal study of oral health and aging. Personality characteristics were assessed using Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, and periodontal health status was evaluated through the measurement of the following variables: plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, calculus deposition, periodontal pocket depth, alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility. A series of multiple regression analyses indicated that the personality traits of anxiety and extroversion had minimal associations with these periodontal disease indexes. Intelligence was weakly associated (inversely) with periodontal disease status. The best predictors of periodontal status were age and education, but these demographic variables accounted for, at most, only 12% of the variance in disease status. Other factors, such as hormonal imbalance, nutritional status, and cigarette smoking habits need to be included in multivariate models to develop a better understanding of interrelationships among factors related to periodontal disease.
Internal resorption of an unerupted third molar
Authors: GARCIA RAUL I. , SINCLAIR CAROLYN , CHAUNCEY HOWARD H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYExtensive resorption of an unerupted third molar resulted from progressive periodontal and periapical pathological conditions associated with the adjacent second molar. The subject's failure to seek restorative and periodontal treatment during the 12 years documented led to the findings noted and to eventual tooth loss.
Use of FEIBA and Amicar in the operating room—dental treatment of a patient with hemophilia and high titer factor VIII inhibitors
Authors: SHARP HARRY K. , McILVEEN LEZLEY P. , SCHUMAN NORMAN J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPatients with hemophilia can be difficult to treat with regard to hemorrhage control by dentists. Hemophilia A, the most common congenital bleeding disorder, is a sex‐linked hemorrhagic condition that occurs primarily in males who have a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. In the majority of cases, patients who receive factor VIII infusions before dental treatment can clot normally and be treated successfully. However, certain patients develop inhibitors to factor VIII and cannot receive routine placement therapy.Factor VIII inhibitors present serious contraindications to dental treatment, as virtually every dental procedure is capable of producing hemorrhage. The patient with factor VIII inhibitors can be treated successfully by the dentist through the administration of synthetic hemorrhage control agents as a prerequisite for any dental procedure. One group of synthetic agents are activated prothrombin complex concentrates, which contain high levels of factors II, VII, IX, and X. FEIBA was used in the case described, in combination with Amicar, an antifibrinolytic agent.In the case presented, a 6–1/2‐year‐old black male with hemophilia A and high titers of factor VIII inhibitors was successfully treated for severe caries via preoperative therapy with FEIBA and Amicar. The development of these synthetic systemic hemorrhage control agents has allowed the dentist to perform routine dental procedures that were previously contraindicated in these individuals.
Treatment planning for the marginally impaired older patient
Authors: TILLMAN RANDI S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTreatment planning is perhaps one of the most problematic areas in all of dentistry. As people live longer and keep their teeth longer, treatment planning for the older patient is likely to become both more complex and more challenging. The author describes a new category of older patients, the marginally impaired patients, and presents a report of case that illustrates the challenge of treatment planning for this type of patient.
Oral and maxillofacial cancer pain
Authors: EPSTEIN JOEL B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPain resulting from oral and maxillofacial cancer is a major problem that requires the attention of all members of the health care team. This attention is important because of the large number of people affected and because the treatment of cancer pain is too frequently inadequate. An understanding of acute and chronic pain, the underlying malignant disease, the complications of cancer treatment, and currently available treatments for pain must form the basis of pain management. A review of the problem of oral and maxillofacial pain in the patient with cancer is presented.
Effect of an experimental dentifrice on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation
Authors: WINER RICHARD A. , EPSTEIN SIDNEY , CHAUNCEY HOWARD H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA clinical investigation was done to determine the comparative efficacy of an experimental dentifrice, containing sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, zinc chloride, and sodium fluoride, with a control dentifrice on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Fifty individuals participated in the study; 25 persons were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups, respectively. The study was done using a double‐blind protocol. Paired data t‐test analysis was done to determine if statistically significant reductions in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation had occurred after the 30‐day test period, and if significant differences existed between the control and experimental groups.Both groups showed a statistically significant reduction in their gingivitis and plaque scores. Comparison of the two groups indicated a 52% greater reduction in gingival inflammation by the group using the experimental toothpaste. The ability of the two dentifrice formulations to remove plaque, however, was similar.
Dental rehabilitation of the patient with severe caries after radiation therapy
Authors: FATTORE LADEANE , ROSENSTEIN HARRY E. , FINE LOUIS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYDental management of the patient with severe caries after radiation therapy can be accomplished by the general practitioner in an office setting. Because of the decrease in vascularity that results from radiotherapy, the general practitioner must keep the following points in mind when treating these patients:—Extraction of teeth that were in the firld of radiotherapy is contraindicated. If there is a question about a possible extraction, consultation should be made with the patient's radiotherapist and a hospital‐trained dentist (preferably, an oral surgeon).—Endodontic treatment is done, the following precautions are necessary: all teeth that are an immediate source of infection must be treated first; prophylactic antibiotics should be administered for the duration of treatment 7: all endodontic procedures must be administered in an aseptic field of treatment—if a tooth is badly deteriorated as a result of severe caries, a copper band should be used with a rubber dam and no tooth should ever be left “open for drainage” in these patients; temporary fillings should be of sufficient strength to prevent contamination between appointments7; tooth‐length determination should be done with precision—instrumentation beyond the apex should be avoided7: caustic irrigating solutions such as sodium hypochlorite should be avoided7—sterile water or sterile saline solution is preferable.—For fabrication of prostheses, the general practitioner should be aware that: metallic‐oxide impression materials such as zineoxide and cugenol should be avoided because of their irritating properties: trismus is common when the masticatory muscles are bilaterally in the field of radiotherapy—therefore, to prevent encroachment on the freeway space for these patients, the vertical dimension of occlusion should be decreased accordingly: monoplane teeth are preferable to cusped teeth for patients with trismus because their border movements are often irregular—monoplane teeth cause less interferences and are easier for the patient to manage; a remount of the overdentures to check the occlusion as well as a careful examination of flange extensions are necessary to prevent tissue ulcerations that could lead to tissue and bony necroses.—Cast restorations should be avoided for patients with severe caries after radiation therapy (for example, a cast core and dowel).Prevention of postradiotherapy treatment complications is the primary goal in the management of the patient who has had head and neck cancer. If, however, the patient who has received radiation therapy and as a result has severe caries does come to the general practitioner, a logical and organized treatment plan can be followed that will result in control of the carious disease process and the functional rehabilitation of the patient.
Modification of an ultrasonic scaler for portable use
Authors: LEJEUNE RONALD C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTo reduce treatment time and muscle fatigue associated with scaling nonambulatory patients at their bedside, a garden sprayer can be adapted to deliver a constant supply of water under pressure to an ultrasonic unit. There have been no significant problems with this arrangement during the 3‐year period of use.Information about the manufactures of the products mentioned in this article may be available from the author. Neither the author nor the American Dental Association has any commercial interests in the products mentioned.
The prevalence of occlusal attrition and considerations for treatment in a noninstitutionalized older population
Authors: HAND JED S. , BECK JAMES D. , TURNER KENNETH A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA representative sample of 520 dentate older adults living in rural Iowa were examined in their homes for the presence of occlusal or incisal attrition. Enamel attrition was found in 84.2% of the population, dentinal attrition in 72.9%, and severe attrition in 4.2%. Approximately 25% of this population's teeth were affected with substantial attrition. Attrition was more prevalent in the anterior segments. The prevalence of substantial attrition was associated with the number of remaining teeth, gender, gingival bleeding, and the use of smokeless tobacco. The decision to treat occlusal attrition in these older people should be based on the etiology and progression of the condition and other factors specific to the individual. The treatment of choice is determined by the extent and severity of the condition and the amount of occlusal vertical dimension lost.
Theoretical aspects and clinical experience with the palatal training appliance for saliva control in persons with cerebral palsy
Authors: OLIVER R. G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe possible causes, effects, and treatment strategies for salivation problems in subjects with cerebral palsy are discussed. The results of clinical use of one method for drool control (the palatal training appliance) in subjects with cerebral palsy are presented. The appliance has been shown effective in approximately one third of the cases. Prognostication of the effect of the appliance does not seem possible.