bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Research into the Treatment of the Chromic Plating Rinse by Reverse Osmosis
Authors: Masuda Hitoshi , Kamizawa Chiyoshi , Matsuda Masazi , Nakane Takashi , Ohira Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fundamental research into the treatment of the chromic plating rinse by reverse osmosis were carried out with Loeb-type skinned membranes. The effect of the pH on the transport of chromic acid was quantitatively investigated. With the increase in pH, chromic acid dissociates to form a divalent ion, CrO42−, and the rejection by the membrane increases. For example, the rejection of 0.01 M chromic acid at pH 3 was 83%, while it was 96% at pH 7.25, both at 40 atm. The permeation behavior of additives such as sodium hexafluorosilicate and chromium (III) sulfate was also examined, mainly in connection with their dissociation in the solution. In the case of the concentration of chromic acid, the rejection remained constant up to about 15000 ppm, while the flux decreased considerably with an increase in the concentration.
Transition-metal Complexes of Pyrrole Pigments. XIII. Reduction and Coordination Behaviors of the Cobalt(II) Complexes of 1,19-Disubstituted Tetradehydrocorrins as Demonstrated by the Presence of Various Bases
Authors: Murakami Yukito , Aoyama Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The interaction of various bases with the cobalt(II) complexes of 1,19-disubstituted tetradehydrocorrins (Co(II)–TDHC) was investigated. The parent cobalt(II) complexes were shown to undergo ready reduction at the nuclear cobalt(II) with the unsolvated hydroxide ion as well as with bulky triethylamine. A relatively large positive reduction potential of Co(II)–TDHC is responsible for these novel electron transfer reactions. Less hindered amines (B), on the other hand, failed to show such electron transfer reactions with the cobalt(II) complexes and Co(II)–TDHC became the pentacoordinated complex by taking up an amine base in the axial position: Co(II)–TDHC+B\ightleftharpoonsB–Co(II)–TDHC. For the interaction of 4-substituted pyridines with the cobalt(II) complex, the general behavior of the equilibrium constants was interpreted in terms of the amine basicity and the Hammett equation by referring to the corresponding behavior of the porphyrin complexes. The weaker coordination tendency of some aliphatic amines and hindered pyridines toward Co(II)–TDHC was attributed to their electronic and steric effects in the coordination process. The intrinsic correlation between electronic and stereochemical characteristics pertaining to the tetradehydrocorrin skeleton and the nature of nuclear cobalt(II) was discussed on the basis of these observations.
Determination of Oxygen in Zinc Compounds
Authors: Imaeda Kazuo , Kuriki Takeo , Ohsawa Keiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxygen in zinc compounds was determined by a modification of the method of Schütze. Oxygen in some zinc compounds such as zinc oxide, zinc acetate and zinc oxalate could not be determined by the usual method. The carrier gas method of adding carbon was employed for the determination of total oxygen. Total oxygen could be determined by the addition of 5 mg of carbon to a sample boat and heating at 1000 °C. The determination was also carried out by the carrier gas method by addition of 2 mg naphthalene. As a result, total oxygen could be determined by the addition of 2 mg of naphthalene.
Preparative Thin-Layer Chromatography of Semi-Xylenol Orange and Xylenol Orange by Development with Solvents Giving Discrete pH Change on the Plate
Authors: Yamada Mutsuo , Fujimoto Masatoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new procedure is proposed to obtain pure Semi-Xylenol Orange (SXO) and Xylenol Orange (XO) from ca. 100 mg of synthetic mixture using preparative thin-layer chromatography on cellulose layer ca. 2 mm thick. Development with a composite solvent, 55–60 ml of 1-butanol saturated with 25% aqueous acetic acid-0.6–0.8 ml of 28% aqueous ammonia, forms two discrete zones of different pH values on the layer. The zones favor a sharp separation of polybasic Brønsted acids with structures similar to those of SXO and XO. SXO and XO are in the protonated forms corresponding to the pH values of the given zones. XO is located near the starting line in the lower zone of higher pH and SXO migrates through the layer in the upper part of the same zone. Both SXO and XO constitute the compact and concentrated bands. Each run takes only 3 hr. 18 mg of SXO and 36 mg of XO are obtained as sodium salts from 100 mg of the synthetic mixture.
Mössbauer Studies of the Thermal Decomposition of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)iron(II) Chloride and the Structures of the Isomers of 2,2′-Bipyridineiron(II) Chloride
Authors: Sato Haruo , Tominaga Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal decomposition of [Fe(bipy)3]Cl2·5H2O in nitrogen was investigated by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. Two isomers of Fe(bipy)Cl2 were found to occur in the decomposition sequence; one of them appears to be identical with the rose-red form of Fe(bipy)Cl2 prepared by the wet process. The structures of the two isomers were determined on the basis of the Mössbauer spectra, the infrared and Raman spectra, the powder X-ray patterns, and the magnetic moments of these compounds. It has been concluded that tris(2,2′-bipyridine)iron(II) chloride presumably decomposes in the following sequence:
[Fe(bipy)3]Cl2·5H2O→Fe(bipy)2Cl2→orangeFe(bipy)Cl2(monomeric, tetrahedral)→rose-redFe(bipy)Cl2(polymeric, octahedral)→FeCl2
The Chemical Behavior of Low Valence Sulfur Compounds. X. Disproportionation of Thiosulfate, Trithionate, Tetra-thionate and Sulfite under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Mizoguchi Tadaaki , Takei Yoshiaki , Okabe Taijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The disproportionation of thiosulfate, trithionate, tetrathionate and sulfite in acidic solutions has been studied at relatively high temperatures. Thiosulfate hardly decomposes in the absence of sulfuric acid, even at 150 °C, but decomposes very easily in the presence of sulfuric acid at 70 °C, forming elemental sulfur, tetrathionate and sulfite. Trithionate decomposes to thiosulfate and sulfate at 70 °C, while tetrathionate decomposes only at temperatures above 130 °C after an induction period forming thiosulfate as an intermediate. Sulfite undergoes disproportionation, giving thiosulfate and sulfate at 150 °C, and then elemental sulfur and sulfate accompanied by intermediate formation of tetrathionate. A disproportionation pathway of low valence sulfur oxyacids including thiosulfate, trithionate, tetrathionate and sulfite has been proposed.
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of the Structures of Hydrated Divalent Transition-Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ohtaki Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Toshio , Maeda Masunobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
X-ray scattering measurements have been carried out for concentrated aqueous solutions of divalent transition-metal perchlorates of manganese(II) to zinc(II). The radial distribution curves showed that each central metal ion was octahedrally surrounded by six water molecules at the distances of 2.20 Å for Mn2+–OH2, 2.12 Å for Fe2+–OH2, 2.08 Å for Co2+–OH2, 2.04 Å for Ni2+–OH2, and 2.08 Å for Zn2+–OH2. The results from the radial distribution curves were confirmed by the direct analysis of reduced intensities. Concentrated aqueous solutions of copper(II) and zinc(II) sulfates have also been measured. The bond distances of 1.94 Å for the Cu2+–OH2 (equatorial), 2.38 Å for the Cu2+–OH2 (axial) and 2.08 Å for Zn2+–OH2 were consistent with those obtained for the perchlorate solutions. No evidence for the contact ion pairs of metal and sulfate ions was found by the present X-ray measurements. The bond energies between metal ions including copper ion were discussed by application of the Garrick model with a slight modification.
Elimination and Nucleophilic Substitution on Nitrogen Atom. Reactions of O-Aroyl-N,N-di(p-substituted benzyl)- and O-Aroyl-N-benzoyl-N-benzylhydroxylamines with Various Nucleophiles in Dipolar Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Oae Shigeru , Sakurai Tadamitsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of the title compounds with various nucleophiles were found to proceed through either elimination or nucleophilic substitution on the nitrogen atom depending on both the structure of the substrate and the nature of nucleophiles used. The effect of substituent and the primary isotope effect (kH⁄kD of 7.6 and 8.1 with NaN3 and LiCl at 30 °C) on the elimination of O-(p-nitrobenzoyl)-N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine revealed that the reaction is an E2 process involving the rate-determining proton abstraction by base and proceeds via an ionic transition state of an ideal concerted type. Nucleophilic substitution on the trivalent nitrogen atom has been inferred for the reactions with such nucleophiles as diethyl sulfide, p-toluenethiol and sodium cyanide on the basis of product distribution.
Role of Amine in Arylation of Ethylene with Iodobenzene Catalyzed by Rhodium Trichloride
Authors: Mori Kunio , Mizoroki Tsutomu , Ozaki Atsumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Rhodium trichloride effectively catalyzes the arylation of ethylene with iodobenzene in the presence of an amine to give styrene, although neither rhodium-powder nor chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) is effective. The efficacy of the amine in increasing the yield of styrene is remarkable with tertiary and secondary amines but negligible with a primary amine. The difference among these amines in their interaction with rhodium trichloride is explained by their steric hindrance based on the isolation of the Rh(III)–amine complex only with primary amine.
Synthesis of 2,5-Diaryltetrazoles from N-Phenylsulfonylbenzhydrazidoyl Chlorides and Arylhydrazines
Authors: Ito Suketaka , Tanaka Yumo , Kakehi Akikazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new synthesis of 2,5-diaryltetrazoles is given by the reaction of N-phenylsulfonylbenzhydrazidoyl chlorides with arylhydrazines and the action of potassium carbonate on the intermediate product formed in the initial reaction. Thirty tetrazoles carrying H, CH3, Cl, Br, or NO2 as the para-substituent of the 2-phenyl group, and H, CH3, Cl, CH3O, CN, or NO2 as that of the 5-phenyl group, were synthesized in 70–16% yields, respectively. The reaction may proceed via the concerted elimination of benzenesulfinate ion from the intermediate 1,3-diaryl-5-phenylsulfonylformazanide anion taking a quasi-aromatic configuration.
Reactions of Dihydridotetrakis(tertiary phosphine)ruthenium(II) Complexes with Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Bisulfide and Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Komiya Sanshiro , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Carbon dioxide reacts with RuH2(PPh3)4 to give its insertion product, hydridoformatotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II). The reversibility of the CO2 insertion has been demonstrated. Insertion products of carbon disulfide and adducts of sulfur dioxide with ruthenium also have been obtained by the reactions of carbon disulfide and sulfur dioxide with various ruthenium dihydride complexes, RuH2L4 (L=PPh3, PPh2H, PPh2Me, PPhMe2). These compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and chemical reactions.
Branched-chain Sugars V. Stereoselective Synthesis of 3-C- and 5-C-Methyl-d-glucoses, and 5-C-Methyl-l-idose Derivatives
Authors: Funabashi Masuo , Sato Haruo , Yoshimura Juji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title compounds were prepared stereoselectively from 1,2: 5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-C-methylene-α-d-ribo-hexofuranose (1) and 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-C-methylene-6-O-trityl-α-d-xylo-hexofuranose (5b) by the successive epoxidation and reduction, and from 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-6-O-trityl-α-d-xylo-hexofuranos-5-ulose (5a) by the Grignard reaction, respectively.
pH-Dependence of Spectral Sensitization at Semiconductor Electrodes
Authors: Watanabe Tadashi , Fujishima Akira , Tatsuoki Osamu , Honda Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For an interpretation of the pH-dependence of the sensitized photocurrent at semiconductor electrodes, measurements have been carried out on n-type TiO2 and CdS single crystal electrodes. As sensitizing dyes, rhodamine B and 3,3′-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide which remain stable in a sufficiently wide pH range were used. It has been found that the logarithm of the sensitized photocurrent at TiO2 electrode depends linearly on the pH of the electrolyte solution, whereas the sensitized photocurrent shows practically no pH-dependence at CdS electrode. These observations have been accounted for on the basis of the different pH-dependence of flatband potentials of these semiconductor electrodes.
The Sensitization of Rare Earth Ion Luminescence in Dilute Solutions by [1]Benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridine-4,5(3H)-dione Derivatives
Authors: Fujimoto Akira , Sakurai Akio , Iwase Eiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Luminescence spectra and lifetimes are presented for the rare earth ions sensitized by [1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridine-4,5(3H)-dione derivatives in dilute solutions. It is to be noted that, among the benzopyranopyridine derivatives investigated, 2-phenyl-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridine-4,5(3H)-dione brings about the most efficient sensitization for the luminescence of europium and terbium ions. Some discussions are made of the energy-transfer processes from these excited benzopyranopyridine derivatives to terbium ions.
The Molecular Motion of Phenyl Groups in Toluene, Diphenylmethane and Triphenylmethane in Solutions of Carbon Tetrachloride by Raman Line Shape Analysis
Authors: Nomura Hiroyasu , Miyahara Yutaka , Koda Shinobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reorientational correlation times of phenyl groups in the molecules of toluene, diphenylmethane, and triphenylmethane in carbon tetrachloride solutions were measured by the Raman-line-shape analysis. The reorientational relaxation times of the phenyl groups obtained increased in this order: toluene&lt;diphenylmethane&lt;triphenylmethane as a result of the increase in the mutual interaction among phenyl groups themselves in the molecule.
Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Benzil Using Bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt Complexes as Catalysts
Authors: Fujikoshi Hideaki , Nakajima Riichiro , Hara Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The asymmetric hydrogenation of benzil in the heterogeneous system was found to proceed not only in the presence of quinine soluble in benzene phase, but also of an optically active amino or ascorbic acids soluble in aqueous phase.
The Reaction of Organic gem-Dihalides with Zerovalent Transition Metal Complexes. An Approach to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Furukawa Junji , Matsumura Akira , Matsuoka Yoshihito , Kiji Jitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of ω,ω-dibromoacetophenone with Ni(COD)2 (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene), Fe(CO)5, or Co2(CO)8 gave trans-1,2,3-tribenzoylcyclopropane, while the reaction with Pd[P(C6H5)3]4 or Ni[P(OC2H5)3]4 gave trans-1,2-dibenzoylethylene. Phenyl isocyanide dichloride was dechlorinated by metal carbonyls to give phenyl isocyanidesubstituted metal carbonyls.
ESR Study of Cationic Radicals in Aromatic Compound–Cu–AlCl3 Systems
Authors: Imamura Sei-ichiro , Hamanoue Kumao , Fukuda Seiji , Teranishi Hiroshi , Watanabe Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electron spin resonance spectra of several aromatic compound–Cu–AlCl3 systems were observed. When benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene were used as the aromatic compounds, a singlet with a g-value of 2.003 was obtained. In the case of the o-, m-, and p-xylene systems, spectra with well-resolved hfs’s resulted. It was suggested that cationic radicals were formed by a transfer of an electron from the benzene ring to Cu(II)–AlCl3.
Picosecond Flash Spectroscopy of Solvent-Induced Intramolecular Electron Transfer in the Excited 9,9′-Bianthryl
Authors: Nakashima Nobuaki , Murakawa Masamichi , Mataga Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Sn←S1 absorption spectra of 9,9′-bianthryl in the visible and near infrared regions have been measured by means of picosecond flash spectroscopy. The Sn←S1 spectra in hexane measured at 500 ps after the exciting pulse were similar to those of anthracene while those in acetone were similar to the superposition of spectra of anthracene anion and cation. The results of the Sn←S1 spectral measurements together with those of the solvent effects upon the fluorescence yield and lifetime indicate an intramolecular electron transfer induced by the interaction with polar solvents in the excited state of 9,9′-bianthryl.
The Two-step Collapse of Mixed Monolayers of Cholesterol and Its Esters
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Handa Tetsurou 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Mixed monolayers of two insoluble components out of cholesterol and its acetate and propionate were spread on a dilute aqueous solution of disodium hexadecyl phosphate. The curves of the surface pressure against the molecular area were found to have two kink points, collapse points, although the curves of each component, and also that of the “concollapse” mixture, had only one collapse point. The diagram showing the relation between these two collapse pressures and the composition was entirely analogous to the phase diagrams of bulk mixtures which have an eutectic point. It has, therefore, been concluded that the mixed monolayer of two mutually immisible substances undergoes a two-step collapse. At the lower collapse point, one of the two components, i, starts separating from the monolayer. The lower collapse pressure, FCl′ varies with the mole fraction, Xi, according to FCl′=Fol′−(kT⁄Aol)lnXi. At the higher collapse point, the other component starts separating as well. Upon further compression, the surface pressure remains unchanged at the higher collapse pressure, which is equal to the equilibrium-spreading pressure and is independent of the composition.
Photoemission from Polycyclic Aromatic Crystals in the Vacuum-Ultraviolet Region. V. Photoelectron Spectroscopy by the Rare Gas Resonance Lines and Vacuum-Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra
Authors: Seki Kazuhiko , Hirooka Tomohiko , Kamura Yusuke , Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photoelectron spectra (energy distribution curves, ECDs) of naphthacene, pentacene, perylene, coronene, and p-terphenyl by He(I), Ne(I), and Ar(I) resonance lines (photon energies, 11.62–21.22 eV) and the absorption spectra of naphthacene, pentacene, perylene, and coronene at 4–9.5 eV are measured for evaporated polycrystal films. The absorption spectra are compared with the spectral dependence of the quantum yield (SDQY) of photoemission. A similar comparison is also made for p-terphenyl and anthracene. The origin of the structures in SDQY curves is discussed. The analysis reveals that: (1) the MOs of a molecule are preserved even in crystals; (2) the large peak at a low kinetic energy of the photoelectron spectra is due to secondary electrons, and (3) at least for naphthacene, pentacene, and coronene, autoionization takes place with a considerable efficiency.
Modified INDO Calculations of the Electronic Structure of Transition Metal Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Tatsumi Kazuyuki , Fueno Takayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An INDO molecular-orbital method developed for the treatment of systems involving 3d orbitals have been applied to transition metal carbonyl complexes Ni(CO)4, Cr(CO)6, and Fe(CO)3(butadiene). The Koopmanstheorem values of ionization potentials are found to be in excellent agreement with the observed photoelectronspectroscopic data, except for the cases where a considerable reorganization in electronic distribution accompanies the ionization process. The INDO molecular orbital functions compare well with those reported on the basis of ab initio calculations.
Radiative Triplet Lifetimes in Benzene and Azabenzenes with Particular Reference to Phosphorescence Mechanisms in Benzene
Authors: Ito Hirotoshi , I’Haya Yasumasa J 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Calculations of radiative triplet lifetimes of benzene and azabenzenes are carried out by making use of an INDO/S method in which the parametrization of the CNDO/S method is used, retaining the semi-empirical Slater-Condon parameters determined in the INDO/2 method. The calculated excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and radiative lifetimes are in reasonable agreement with experimental values. The possible phosphorescence mechanisms for the 3B1u state of benzene are discussed rather in detail, considering the first-order vibronic as well as the first-order spin-orbit and the second-order spin-vibronic couplings. It is concluded that the strong first-order vibronic coupling between the triplet manifolds, 3B1u and 3E1u, is responsible for the almost purely out-of-plane polarized phosphorescence of benzene, borrowing an intensity from the 3E1u-1A1g intercombination, and that the effects of the first-order spin-orbit and the second-order spin-vibronic couplings are small. The conclusion is in accord with the analyses of the Zeeman and MI DP spectra presented by van Egmond and van der Waals.
S2 Formation during the Pyrolysis of H2S in Shock Waves
Authors: Higashihara Tetsuo , Saito Ko , Yamamura Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate of S2 formation from shock-heated H2S was measured by means of the UV absorption technique in the temperature range of 2380–3000 K. At all the temperatures measured, the S2 absorption during the reaction could be represented by (S2)t=(S2)∞{1−exp(−kt)}, where:
k=109.2exp(−72 kcal⁄RT)s−1.
The mechanism of the S2 formation was proposed, and the value of the second-order rate constant, k1, for the primary reaction, H2S+M→SH+H+M, was estimated as follows:
k 1=1013.1exp(−92 kcal⁄RT)1mol−1s−1.
The effects of the addition of NO and O2 on the rate of S2 formation were also investigated. The results showed the validity of the proposed reaction mechanism.
Study of Emulsions in Molten Salts. III. The Concentration, Stability and Particle-Size Distribution of Dispersed Lithium in Molten Lithium Chloride
Authors: Nakajima Tsuyoshi , Nakanishi Koichiro , Watanabe Nobuatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The concentration, stability and particle-size distribution of lithium dispersed in molten lithium chloride were investigated. The maximum content of dispersed lithium obtained by spontaneous emulsification was 4.8×10−3 mol/g at 678 °C. The concentration of dispersed lithium somewhat increased with the amounts of lithium oxide and nitride added to the molten salt by the mechanical agitation of the lithium–lithium chloride solution. The concentration was about 1.7 times that obtained by spontaneous emulsification except when a large amount of lithium nitride was added. Dispersed lithium in lithium chloride was shown to be fairly stable in the liquid state, as well as against the solidification of molten lithium chloride. The particle-size distribution of dispersed lithium was obtained by means of a scanning electron microscope. The sizes of the lithium particles dispersed in lithium chloride were shown to be mostly between 0.3 and 0.9 μ.
Reaction of Di-t-butyl Thioketone with Aryllithium. Effect of Temperature and Solvent
Authors: Ohno Atsuyoshi , Nakamura Kaoru , Shizume Yasumasa , Oka Sinzaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Di-t-butyl thioketone reacts with phenyllithium affording both C-phenylated and S-phenylated products. The product distribution largely depends on the reaction temperature and solvent: the lower the temperature and the more solvated the counter cation, the larger the yield of the S-phenylated product. Steric effect is also important: 2,6-dimethylphenyllithium affords only S-arylated product. The result has been interpreted in terms of the charge-transfer-intermediate—radical-combination mechanism.
Principal Axes of the EFG Tensors and Torsional Oscillations in Boron Triiodide
Authors: Okuda Tsutomu , Ishihara Hideta , Yamada Koji , Negita Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Zeeman effect of 127I NQR and the quadrupole effect of 11B NMR on a single crystal of BI3 were observed in order to investigate the principal axes of the EFG tensors. The frequencies of the torsional oscillations were determined from the temperature dependence of e2Qqii⁄h.