bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on frequency‐dependent attenuation in the normal liver and spleen and in liver diseases, using the spectral‐shift zero‐crossing method
Authors: Itoh Kouichi , Yasuda Yoshikazu , Suzuki Osamu , Itoh Hiromi , Itoh Takashi , Jing‐Wen Tsao , Konishi Tatuo , Koyano Akira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report presents results of studies using the spectral‐shift zero‐crossing method to measure frequency‐dependent attenuation (FDA) in normal liver and spleen and in diseased liver. We developed a new system for attenuation analysis that calculated FDA in dB/cm/MHz according to the following equation:

Data are collected from the region of interest on the scan image. Graphite‐gel phantoms of known attenuation value are used to create a high degree of accuracy in this new system. Mean attenuation of normal livers was 0.55 ± 0.05 dB/cm/MHz, while that of normal spleen was 0.37 ± 0.06 dB/cm/MHz. No correlation between FDA and age could be seen. FDA was 0.81 ± 0.17 dB/cm/MHz in fatty liver, 0.63 ± 0.13 dB/cm/MHz in liver cirrhosis, and 0.64 ± 0.12 dB/cm/MHz in chronic hepatitis. These values are higher than those obtained from normal liver, while tumor masses in the liver (hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, hemangioma) and diffuse infiltration by malignant lymphoma produced lower than normal values, averaging 0.38 ± 0.08 dB/cm/MHz.
Fetal weight estimates in diabetic gravid women
Authors: Miller Joseph M , Brown Haywood L , Khawli Oscar F , Korndorffer Frederick A , Gabert Harvey A 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal weight in utero was estimated sonographically within one week of delivery in 70 live‐born fetuses of diabetic gravidas. The best estimates of weight were obtained with formulas dependent on biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur diaphysis length, and with formulas using the two variables of femur diaphysis length and abdominal circumference. Use of a special formula for the fetus of a diabetic mother was not of additional benefit. Acceptable weight estimates for the macrosomic diabetic fetus were not obtained.
Observer error in the characterization of hepatic lesions in patients with neoplastic liver disease
Authors: Iscoe Neill A , McKee John D , Arenson Anna Marie , Szalai John P 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixteen patients with known neoplastic liver disease underwent 20 ultrasound examinations by two separate teams to determine the level of agreement in the measurement of lesion size and sonographic characteristics. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the observations on lesion size was r = 0.97 (95% lower confidence limit r = 0.96). We conclude that sonographic estimation of the size of neoplastic liver lesions in highly reproducible and that the measurements obtained may be safely incorporated into the criteria of response for cancer clinical trials.
Ultrasonic examination of the wall of the fluid‐filled stomach
Authors: Worlicek Hans , Dunz Dorothee , Engelhard Karl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrasonographic examination of the fluid‐filled stomach in five standardized positions permits the transabdominal visualization of the gastric wall in all sections of the organ. In a prospective study, 107 patients were examined—68 with a pathological change in the wall of the stomach and 39 with no gastric disease. In 56 patients (82.4%) the lesion was correctly identified. In addition to wall‐infiltrating processes and stenoses, circumscribed space‐occupying lesions were also detected; for example, localized carcinomas, leiomyosarcomas, lymphomas, leiomyomas, polyps, giant folds, and impressions of the gastric wall. Thirty‐seven patients (94.9%) with no gastric disease were considered normal at the ultrasonographic examination. The procedure suggests itself not only as a supplement to endoscopy and diagnostic X‐rays, but also as a diagnostic alternative in selected patients who cannot be stressed by these methods. The exclusion of gastric disease by this technique is not possible.
Human skin histology using high‐resolution echography
Authors: Murakami Shinji , Miki Yoshiharu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal and abnormal human skin echograms were made using new 25‐MHz and 40‐MHz ultrasonic sector scanners, and were compared with histologic sections. The malpighian layer of the epidermis was demonstrated as an echolucent zone under a strongly echogenic, linear corneo‐malpighian junction in normal palms and soles. Cross sections and longitudinal sections of hair follicles and hypertrophic sebaceous glands were also demonstrated as echolucent structures.
Development of individual growth standards for estimated fetal weight: II. Weight prediction during the third trimester and at birth
Authors: Deter Russell L. , Rossavik Ivar K. , Carpenter Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a weight estimation procedure based of the Rossavik growth model, we have evaluated the possibility of establishing individual growth curve standards for fetal weight estimates and of predicting birth weights in the second trimester. In 20 normal fetuses delivered at term, 95% of the weight estimates obtained after 26 weeks' menstrual age (MA) were within ± 22% of the predicted weight estimates. In these same fetuses the mean difference between birth weight estimates based on growth patterns before 26 weeks, MA, and actual birth weights was 1.2%, with 95% of the percent deviations being between 13.3% and −8.8%. In a similar prospective study, the mean percent difference was −1.7%, with a range of 9.6% to −13.6%. Direct comparison of weight estimates obtained during the last week before delivery with birth weight projections indicated that birth weight estimates obtained 14 weeks before delivery had smaller systematic and random errors than those obtained within a week of delivery. These results indicate that individual growth curve standards for fetal weight estimates and the growth potential of individual fetuses can be determined from growth patterns in the second trimester.
Predicting the birth characteristics of normal fetuses 14 weeks before delivery
Authors: Deter Russell L. , Hill Reba M. , Tennyson Linda M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis investigation has evaluated the ability of Rossavik growth models (derived from data obtained before 26 weeks) to predict birth characteristics in normal fetuses (assuming no growth after 38 weeks). Both weight and head circumference were predicted without systematic errors and the ranges of the random errors were approximately ±10% and ±5%, respectively. A range of approximately ±10% for the random error was also found for the abdominal and thigh circumferences, but both parameters were systematically overestimated (17.3% and 6.4%, respectively). No evidence of a relationship between the percent deviation and age at delivery (up to 41 weeks) was found for any of the parameters studied.As indicators of pregnancy outcome, Growth Potential Realization Index (GPRI) values were calculated for each parameter (predicted values corrected for systematic errors were used for the abdominal and thigh circumferences). Mean GPRI values were not signficantly different from 100% and the ranges were approximately 90% to 110% except for the head circumference (range: 95% to 105%). These results indicate that GPRI values can be used to characterize the outcome of prenatal growth processes on an individual basis, with each fetus acting as its own control.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of cervical lymph node metastases in esophageal cancer with special reference to the relationship between the short to long axis ratio (S/L) and the cancer content
Authors: Tohnosu Noriyuki , Onoda Shoichi , Isono Kaichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCervical lymph node metastasis was evaluated sonographically in 58 esophageal cancer patients. The short to long axis ratio (S/L) is a useful way to detect lymph node metastasis as opposed to the long axis alone. In other words, the lymph node exceeding 10 mm in long axis and with S/L over 0.5 showed a much higher incidence of metastasis than S/L under 0.5 in the analysis of the 126 detected lymph nodes. The cancer content was calculated with a microcomputer in each of the total 77 metastatic lymph nodes by enlarging the microscopic specimen 8 or 16 times using a magnifying apparatus. The average cancer content in the metastatic lymph nodes with S/L under 0.5 and over 0.5 was 26.0% and 59.1%, respectively, revealing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). Thus, cancer proliferation in the metastatic lymph nodes of esophageal cancer is closely related to the increase in S/L.
Ultrasound assessment of local complications of percutaneous renal stone removal
Authors: Ivory C. M. , Dubbins P. A. , Wells I. P. , Hammonds J. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound evaluation of 20 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous renal stone removal demonstrated fluid collections around the kidney to be common, occurring in 12 (60%). One was intraperitoneal, 7 were perirenal, and 4 were in the track through the posterior abdominal wall. In only 1 were related clinical complications evident.At long‐term follow‐up, local capsular thickening related to a surface dimple was seen at the puncture site in 66%, and fine cortical scars were visible in 33%. Apart from one slightly larger local cortical scar related to a segmental infarction, no other change related to the procedure was demonstrated.
Sonography of anencephaly: Pitfalls in early diagnosis
Authors: Goldstein Ruth B. , Filly Roy A. , Calien Peter W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case in which the diagnosis of anencephaly was missed on a standard obstetrical sonogram performed at 12.5 menstrual weeks is described. Prompted by this case, we retrospectively reviewed the appearance of the cephalic pole of normal fetuses in 47 pregnancies ranging in menstrual age from 11 weeks to 16 weeks. Results indicate that the abnormal cephalic pole in the index case was similar to the appearance of many normal fetuses of similar menstrual age. We conclude that while anencephaly may be diagnosed as early as 11 menstrual weeks to 12 menstrual weeks, this defect may be difficult to diagnose on sonograms using standard sonographic techniques prior to 14 menstrual weeks.
Ultrasonography of the thyroid during pregnancy
Authors: Brander A. , Kivisaari L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo discover whether pregnancy causes ultrasonically detectable changes in the thyroid, an ultrasound examination of the thyroid was performed repeatedly in 21 pregnant women with no history of thyroid disease.Seven patients were examined three times and 14 twice during the course of pregnancy. The size of the thyroid was estimated and the echogenicity assessed with respect to homogenicity and degree by comparison with the echogenicity of adjacent muscles. The results were compared with the results of a control group of healthy female volunteers. The mean volume of the thyroid increased slightly during the course of pregnancy. No changes in the echogenicity or echostructure were noted.
Real‐time ultrasound evaluation of tuberculous pleural effusions
Authors: Martínez O. Carazo , Serrano B. Vargas , Rodr Romero R. Íguez 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn evaluation of 21 patients with tuberculous pleurisy was carried out to assess the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion. Ultrasonography revealed winding structures of different lengths and thicknesses (winding bands) in 8 patients, and filiform structures of a higher echogenicity and a shorter length (linear echoes) in 13. These findings were associated with exudates having a high content of fibrin and protein, respectively, suggesting that winding bands might be formed by fibrin and linear echoes by protein macroaggregates. Based upon these observations, ultrasonography seems to be a useful method for identifying tuberculous pleural effusion.
Hepatic parenchymal calcifications—differentiation from intrahepatic stones
Authors: Lin Hsien‐Hong , Changchien Chi‐Sin , Lin Deng‐Yn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntrahepatic hyperechoic lesions with acoustic shadows could be stones or nonspecific calcifications. To verity this, 9 patients with hepatic parenchymal calcifications were compared with 40 patients with intrahepatic stones. A set of criteria are proposed for the diagnosis of intrahepatic stones: (A) dilated intrahepatic duct; (B) pneumobilia; or (C) 2 or more of the following: (1) common hepatic duct more than 6 mm in diameter, (2) multiple lesions in one lobe, (3) left lobe involvement, and (4) elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy were 97.5%, 88.9%, and 95.9, respectively. The criteria help in the selection of patients for evaluation of intrahepatic stones.
Sonographic relationship between gallbladder wall thickness and the etiology of ascites
Authors: Marti‐Bonmati Luis , Andres Juan C. , Aguado Cristina 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGallbladder wall thickness (GBWT) and serum albumin were determined in 54 patients with ascites. The statistical analysis of the results reveals a significant difference in GBWT between benign and malignant conditions (p < 0.01). GBWT was significantly thicker in patients with cirrhosis than in those with malignant ascites (p < 0.01) and other benign conditions. However, no significant differences were found between either cirrhotic cases with and without overlying hepatocarcinoma, or between noncirrhotic patients, malignant or otherwise. On comparing GBWT and simple routine sonography in establishing the etiology of ascites, the diagnostic reliability indices decreased with GBWT. This shows that GBWT determination lacks diagnostic importance in routine practice.No correlation was found between serum albumin and GBWT, which suggests that the increase in GBWT observed in cirrhotic patients is mainly the result of accompanying portal hypertension.
Sonography and computed tomography of macroscopic tuberculosis of the liver
Authors: Brauner M. , Buffard M. D. , Jeantils V. , Legrand I. , Gotheil C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour patients with macronodular tuberculosis of the liver were examined with ultrasonography. The findings included 1 case with multiple hypoechoic areas and 3 cases with a solitary lesion, one hypoechoic mass without calcifications, and two partially calcified masses. Some ultrasound features are suggestive: a mass with irregular calcifications, ascites, spleen enlargement with defects, enlarged nodes, and complete resolution of the lesions in a few months with effective antituberculous therapy.The first case was also examinated with computed tomography.
Sono‐enterocolonography by oral water administration
Authors: Hirooka Noboru , Ohno Takanori , Misonoo Masaki , Kobayashi Chizuko , Musha Hirotaka , Mori Hiroshi , Ohto Masao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new ultrasound technique for intestinal examination, named “sonoenterocolonography by oral water administration,” was devised. The diagnostic usefulness and limitations of this procedure were studied in 56 subjects including 42 normal patients, 10 patients with 13 colonic polyps and 4 patients with colon carcinomas.Except for the rectum, almost all the intestines were clearly visualized by ultrasonography as tubular structures filled with water. In every case, ileocecal valve movement was clearly observed dynamically. Eight of the 9 elevated polypoid lesions of the bowel, ranging in size from 10 mm to 20 mm, were detected by this method without any special pretreatment.Although this method may not be indicated for the screening of minute lesions, it may possibly be useful as a supportive diagnostic modality for intestinal disorders, especially in the ileocecal region.
Ultrasound of the normal nongravid uterus: Correlation with gross and histopathology
Authors: Platt Joel F. , Bree Robert L. , Davidson Darrell 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAccurate assessment of uterine size and significance of uterine enlargement are common clinical problems. We examined 156 patients by sonography prior to scheduled hysterectomy. Uterine volumes from normal‐sized uteri were calculated from the sonograms using the equation of a prolate ellipsoid formula, and these calculated volumes were highly correlated with actual measured uterine volumes. Mean values and normal ranges of uterine weight were determined. These values are of particular value in postmenopausal patients in whom subjective evaluation of uterine enlargement is often difficult. When a sonographically enlarged, but otherwise normal uterus is discovered, it may contain a leiomyoma or other pathology not morphologically detectable by ultrasound.
Sonography of subacute thyroiditis: Changes in the findings during the course of the disease
Authors: Tokuda Yasutaka , Kasagi Kanji , Iida Yasuhiro , Yamamoto Kazutaka , Hatabu Hiroto , Hidaka Akinari , Konishi Junji , Ishii Yasushi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifteen patients with subacute thyroiditis were studied with thyroid sonography. There were local hypoechoic areas in all patients during the active phase of the disease. Among 6 patients who underwent follow‐up studies during the course of treatment, 3 had recurrence or aggravation of clinical symptoms such as painful swelling of the thyroid region, which was associated with, and sometimes preceded by, spread or reappearance of the sonographic abnormality. All 6 patients showed complete disappearance of the hypoechoic area when they were in remission. The thyroid sonography is useful not only for the initial diagnosis but also for the follow‐up of these patients during the course of the disease.
Sonographic anatomy of the caudate lobe veins
Authors: Fanney Daryl R. , Castillo Mauricio , Casillas Javier , Montalvo Berta 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause of their small size, the caudate lobe veins (CLV) are not routinely imaged with ultrasonography. We recently examined 4 patients with elevated central venous pressure in whom the CLV were easily identifiable. To our knowledge this is the first report of sonographic visualization of these veins. We suggest that visualization of the CLV may not be as rare as previously presumed, and based on our experience, we will propose a nomenclature system for these veins.
Endometrial hyperplasia: Value of endometrial thickness in ultrasonographic diagnosis and clinical significance
Authors: Malpani Ajay , Singer Jonas , Wolverson Michael K. , Merenda Gloria 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe records of 90 patients with histologically proven endometrial hyperplasia (EH) were reviewed retrospectively. Eleven of these patients had pelvic ultrasound examinations available. These were compared to the pelvic ultrasound examinations of 19 patients with a histologically normal endometrium, available in 126 consecutive patients seen over the same period of time. Patients with EH had a mean endometrial thickness of 18.8 mm (range 8 mm to 45 mm) vs 5.4 mm (range 2 mm to 10 mm) in the control group. This difference in thickness was statistically significant (p ≪ .01). The specificity and sensitivity of endometrial thickness in the diagnosis of EH were 100% and 81%, respectively, when 10 mm was taken as the upper limit of normal. Ultrasonographically demonstrable endometrial characteristics can differentiate EH from normal endometrium in a great majority of cases. The clinicopathological significance of EH is discussed.
Transvaginal imaging: Applied physical principles and terms
Authors: Thaler Israel , Manor Dorit 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this article the properties of ultrasound in tissues and the factors governing image quality are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the vaginal probe. The virtues of transvaginal scanning both in gynecology and obstetrics are well described in subsequent articles in this symposium. Only by understanding the properties of ultrasound can the capabilities and limitations of this technique be appreciated. A comprehensive knowledge of the basic physical principles is mandatory for the clinician as well the investigator to attain the highest quality results. The technical aspects of operating ultrasound instruments, e.g., machine controls, electronic image formation, scan converters and techniques for preprocessing and postprocessing, are not discussed.
Transvaginal ultrasonically guided follicular aspiration: A comparative study with laparoscopically guided follicular aspiration
Authors: Gonen Yael , Blanker Joseph , Casper Robert F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study, comparing transvaginal ultrasound‐guided follicle aspiration with laparoscopic‐guided follicle aspiration for in vitro fertilization confirms that the use of laparoscopy appears to have no advantage for oocyte recovery over the ultrasonically directed technique. The latter offers potential benefits of less trauma, less risk, less morbidity, avoidance of general anesthesia, decreased operating room and personnel time, decreased expense, and in general, greater acceptance.
The discriminatory zone of βhyphen;hCG for vaginal probes
Authors: Peisner David B. , Timor‐Tritsch Ilan E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent developments in both laboratory measurements and ultrasound technology have revolutionized the management of early pregnancy. The discriminatory zone concept is a direct result of these developments. By correlating the serum βhyphen;hCG values to the size of an intrauterine gestational sac, a value can be chosen that corresponds to the threshold of visualization of the sac. If the βhyphen;hCG is above this value, a sac must be seen, and if it is not, aggressive steps should be taken to determine whether the pregnancy is abnormal or ectopic. The discriminatory zone may vary among institutions due to different equipment and assays. Thus, its value should be calculated individually at each institution. A proper discriminatory zone and a management protocol such as the one above can eliminate much of the uncertainty in the management of suspected ectopic and early pregnancies.
Transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of congenital anomalies between 9 weeks and 16 weeks, menstrual age
Authors: Rottem Shraga , Bronshtein Moshe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 6.5‐MHz transvaginal probe was employed for the screening of congenital malformations in 1652 patients between 9 weeks and 16 weeks, menstrual age. Transvaginal sonography detected 61 malformations in 40 fetuses. The overall diagnostic frequency of the congenital anomalies in this series was 2.6%. As described in this study, several congenital malformations are now detectable before the 16th week, and transvaginal sonography appears to be the diagnostic method of choice for the first and early second trimester.
Hemodynamic evaluation of the female pelvic vessels using a high‐frequency transvaginal image‐directed Doppler system
Authors: Thaler Israel , Manor Dorit , Rottem Shraga , Timor‐Tritsch Ilan E. , Brandes Joseph M. , Itskovitz Joseph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPerfusion characteristics of the female pelvic vessels were studied by a high‐frequency transvaginal image‐directed Doppler system. A 5‐MHz Doppler transducer was coupled to a 6.5‐MHz probe especially designed for intravaginal use. Distinct patterns of flow velocity waveforms were obtained from the ascending branch of the uterine artery, before and during pregnancy. A gradual increase in diastolic flow throughout gestation was observed, consistent with a decrease in vessel resistance. Flow velocity profiles in the ovarian artery were sampled from the infundibulo‐pelvic ligament. Only limited diastolic flow could be detected in either ovary during the follicular phase of the cycle. In the luteal phase there was a marked increase in this flow but only in the ovary containing the corpus luteum. In early pregnancy the high diastolic flow was maintained or even increased, consistent with a low arterial resistance. High image resolution and a higher frequency Doppler transducer increase the usefulness of this technique in the hemodynamic evaluation of the female pelvic vessels.