bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese journals: a guide for epidemiologists
Authors: Fung Isaac CH 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChinese journals in epidemiology, preventive medicine and public health contain much that is of potential international interest. However, few non-Chinese speakers are acquainted with this literature. This article therefore provides an overview of the contemporary scene in Chinese biomedical journal publication, Chinese bibliographic databases and Chinese journals in epidemiology, preventive medicine and public health. The challenge of switching to English as the medium of publication, the development of publishing bibliometric data from Chinese databases, the prospect of an Open Access publication model in China, the issue of language bias in literature reviews and the quality of Chinese journals are discussed. Epidemiologists are encouraged to search the Chinese bibliographic databases for Chinese journal articles.
Emphysematous pyelonephritis in type II diabetes: A case report of an undiagnosed ureteric colic
Authors: Vollans Samuel R , Sehjal Ranjit , Forster James A , Rogawski Karol M 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe acute necrotising infection of the renal parenchyma and perirenal tissue, characterised by gas formation. 90% of cases are seen in association with diabetes mellitus. We report a case of undiagnosed ureteric obstruction in a type II diabetic, leading to EPN requiring emergency nephrectomy.

Case presentation
A 59-year-old type II tablet controlled diabetic woman presented complaining of a five day history of right sided abdominal pain associated with vomiting, abdominal distension and absolute constipation. There were no lower urinary tract symptoms. Past surgical history included an open appendectomy and an abdominal hysterectomy. On examination, she was haemodynamically stable, the abdomen was soft, distended, and tender in the right upper and lower quadrants with no bowel sounds. Investigations revealed a CRP of 365 and 2+ blood and nitrite positive on the urine dipstick. The AXR was reported as normal on admission, however when reviewed in retrospect revealed the diagnosis. She was managed, therefore, as having adhesional bowel obstruction and a simple UTI. After four days, a CT was organised as she was not settling. This showed a right pyohydronephrosis with gas in the collecting system secondary to an 8 mm obstructing ureteric calculus. The kidney was drained percutaneously via a nephrostomy and the patient was commenced on a broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics. Despite this, she went on to need an emergency nephrectomy for uncontrolled severe sepsis. She was discharged in good health 15 days later.

Conclusion
EPN carries a mortality of up to 40% with medical management alone. Early recognition of EPN in an obstructed kidney is essential to guide aggressive management, and in the presence of continued severe sepsis or organ dysfunction an urgent nephrectomy should be carried out. Diabetic patients who are known to have renal or ureteric calculi, whether symptomatic or not, should be considered for percutanous or ureteroscopic treatment. In the acute abdomen, the plain abdominal radiograph should always be viewed with respect to general surgical, vascular and urological differential diagnoses.
Cognitive markers of short-term clinical outcome in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Bodnar Michael , Malla Ashok , Joober Ridha , Lepage Martin 
Published: September 2008

BackgroundOutcome from psychotic disorders is heterogeneous with poorer outcomes frequently identified too late to be influenced. Symptomatic ratings at 1 or more years following initiation of treatment have been related to cognition in firstepisode psychosis. However, the relationship between cognition and early outcome remains unclear.AimsTo determine whether specific cognitive domains could identify poor short-term outcome among individuals with first-episode psychosis.MethodOne hundred and fifty-one individuals with first-episode psychosis were divided into two groups based on 6-month clinical data after the initiation of treatment. Six cognitive domains were compared among 78 participants with poor outcomes, 73 with good outcomes and 31 healthy controls.ResultsLower performance on verbal memory (z-scores: poor outcome=–1.3 (s.d.=1.1); good outcome=–0.8 (s.d.=0.9);P=0.001) and working memory (poor outcome=–1.0 (s.d.=1.2); good outcome=–0.4 (s.d.=0.9);P=0.003) identified individuals with first-episode psychosis with a poor outcome after 6 months of treatment.ConclusionsThe early identification of those individuals with first-episode psychosis with a poor clinical outcome may encourage clinicians to pay special attention to them in the form of alternative pharmacological and psychological treatments for a more favourable outcome in the long term.
Dedicated community-based services for adults with personality
disorder: Delphi study
Authors: Crawford Mike J. , Price Katy , Rutter Deborah , Moran Paul , Tyrer Peter , Bateman Anthony , Fonagy Peter , Gibson Sarah , Weaver Tim 
Published: September 2008

SummaryDedicated community-based services have been recommended for people with
personality disorder, but little is known about how such services should be
configured. We conducted a Delphi survey to assess opinions about this. A
panel of expert authors, service providers and service users agreed on only
21 (39%) of 54 statements on the organisation and delivery of care.
Consensus was not reached on important issues such as working with people
with a history of violent offending, the role of community outreach and the
use of compulsory treatment. Further work needs to be undertaken before the
optimal organisation of dedicated personality disorder services can be
agreed.
Schizophrenia and offspring's risk for adverse pregnancy
outcomes and infant death
Authors: Nilsson Emma , Hultman Christina M. , Cnattingius Sven , Olausson Petra Otterblad , Björk Camilla , Lichtenstein Paul 
Published: September 2008

BackgroundWomen with schizophrenia are at increased risk for adverse pregnancy
outcomes. It is not known whether offspring born to fathers with
schizophrenia also have an increased risk.AimsTo evaluate paternal and maternal influences on the association between
schizophrenia and pregnancy outcomes.MethodA record linkage including 2 million births was made using Swedish
population-based registers. The risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes was
evaluated through logistic regression.ResultsOffspring with a mother or father with schizophrenia faced a doubled risk
of infant mortality, which could not be explained by maternal behaviour
alone during pregnancy. Excess infant death risk was largely attributable
to post-neonatal death. Maternal factors (e.g. smoking) explained most of
the other risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes among both mothers and
fathers with schizophrenia.ConclusionsThe risks to offspring whose fathers had schizophrenia suggest that, in
addition to maternal risk behaviour, nonoptimal social and/or parenting
circumstances are of importance.
Payment by results and mental health services
Authors: Jacques John 
Published: September 2008

SummaryPayment by results is likely to be applicable to mental health services, with the exception of specialist services, next year. Its introduction will completely change the way mental health services are funded. It has three main components: national tariffs for treatments, codings or currencies for treatments according to resource use, and diagnosis and activity-based funding. This article describes payment by results, how ‘currencies’ are being developed for mental health, and outlines some of the problems and advantages of introducing this new system.
Endoscopically-assisted single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Jackson W. F. M. , van der Tempel W. M. , Salmon L. J. , Williams H. A. , Pinczewski L. A. 
Published: September 2008

We evaluated the long-term outcome of isolated endoscopically-assisted posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in 26 patients using hamstring tendon autografts after failure of conservative management. At ten years after surgery the mean International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee score was 87 (sd 14) of a possible 100 points. Regular participation in moderate to strenuous activities was possible for only seven patients pre-operatively; this increased to 23 patients post-operatively. The mean Lysholm score improved from 64 (sd 15) to 90 (sd 14) at ten years (p = 0.001). At ten years endoscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament with hamstring tendon autograft is effective in reducing knee symptoms. Of the series, 22 patients underwent radiological assessment for the development of osteoarthritis using the Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale. In four patients, grade 2 changes with loss of joint space was observed and another four patients showed osteophyte formation with moderate joint space narrowing (grade 3). These findings compared favourably with non-operatively managed injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament. This procedure for symptomatic patients with posterior cruciate ligament laxity who have failed conservative management offers good results.
Correlation between inclination of the acetabular component and metal ion levels in metal-on-metal hip resurfacing replacement
Authors: De Haan R. , Pattyn C. , Gill H. S. , Murray D. W. , Campbell P. A. , De Smet K. 
Published: September 2008

We examined the relationships between the serum levels of chromium and cobalt ions and the inclination angle of the acetabular component and the level of activity in 214 patients implanted with a metal-on-metal resurfacing hip replacement. Each patient had a single resurfacing and no other metal in their body. All serum measurements were performed at a minimum of one year after operation. The inclination of the acetabular component was considered to be steep if the abduction angle was greater than 55°. There were significantly higher levels of metal ions in patients with steeply-inclined components (p = 0.002 for chromium, p = 0.003 for cobalt), but no correlation was found between the level of activity and the concentration of metal ions. A highly significant (p < 0.001) correlation with the arc of cover was found. Arcs of cover of less than 10 mm were correlated with a greater risk of high concentrations of serum metal ions. The arc of coverage was also related to the design of the component and to size as well as to the abduction angle of the acetabular component. Steeply-inclined acetabular components, with abduction angles greater than 55°, combined with a small size of component are likely to give rise to higher serum levels of cobalt and chromium ions. This is probably due to a greater risk of edge-loading.
Transphyseal reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in prepubescent children
Authors: Liddle A. D. , Imbuldeniya A. M. , Hunt D. M. 
Published: September 2008

We present the results of 17 children of Tanner stage 1 or 2 who underwent reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament between 1999 and 2006 using a transphyseal procedure, employing an ipsilateral four-strand hamstring graft. The mean age of the children was 12.1 years (9.5 to 14). The mean follow-up was 44 months (25 to 100). Survival of the graft, the functional outcome and complications were recorded. There was one re-rupture following another injury. Of the remaining patients, all had good or excellent results and a normal International Knee Documentation Committee score. The mean post-operative Lysholm score was 97.5 (sd 2.6) and the mean Tegner activity scale was 7.9 (sd 1.4). One patient had a mild valgus deformity which caused no functional disturbance. No other abnormality or discrepancy of leg length was seen. Measurements with a KT1000 arthrometer showed no significant difference between the normal and the operated legs. In this small series, transphyseal reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament appeared to be safe in these young children.
Latein – Vulgärlatein – Moselromanisch: zur Sprache der frühchristlichen Grabinschriften im Raum Trier
Authors: Barme Stefan 
Published: September 2008

Resümee
Im Moseltal ist während des frühen Mittelalters aus dem dort verwendeten spätantiken Provinziallatein ein romanisches Idiom, das Moselromanische, entstanden, das sich in einzelnen Rückzugsgebieten bis ins Hochmittelalter hinein halten konnte. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden einige lautliche Auffälligkeiten sowie jeweils eine lexikalische und eine phraseologische Eigentümlichkeit des vor allem in epigraphischen Zeugnissen greifbaren spätantiken Vulgärlateins der Moselregion behandelt. Aus romanistischer Perspektive sind diese Besonderheiten deshalb von besonderem Interesse, weil sie Rückschlüsse auf die Herausbildung und die Gestalt des Moselromanischen erlauben.
Die Rektion des Verbs mit Objektergänzung im Spanischen
Authors: Timmermann Jörg 
Published: September 2008

Resümee
Grammatikographisch wird die Rektion des Verbs mit Objektergänzung sowie mit Infinitivergänzung listenförmig dargestellt. Es geht hier um die Frage, inwiefern die Präposition innerhalb der Rektion des spanischen Verbs – hier mit Objektergänzung – grammatischer Natur ist, also durch Regeln bestimmt werden kann: Der Autor geht von einem zeitlichen Modell aus. Demnach verweist die Objektergänzung mit de auf etwas im Vergleich zur Verbalhandlung zeitlich Vorangehendes, während die Objektergänzung mit a der Verbalhandlung zeitlich folgt. Ferner lassen sich auch weitere Präpositionen sowie die Konstruktion mit Objektergänzung ohne präpositionalen Anschluss sinnvoll in dieses Modell integrieren.
Extraoperative functional mapping of motor areas in epileptic patients by high-frequency cortical stimulation
Authors: Usui Naotaka , Terada Kiyohito , Baba Koichi , Matsuda Kazumi , Tottori Takayasu , Umeoka Shuichi , Mihara Tadahiro , Nakamura Fumihiro , Usui Keiko , Inoue Yushi 
Published: September 2008

Object
The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a short train of high-frequency (500 Hz) cortical stimulation to delineate the primary motor cortex (MI), supplementary motor area (SMA), primary somatosensory cortex (SI), supplementary sensory area (SSA), negative motor area (NMA), and supplementary negative motor area (SNMA) in patients with epilepsy who were undergoing functional mapping.

Methods
Seventeen patients were studied, all of whom underwent functional mapping using 50-Hz electrical stimulation. After these clinical evaluations, cortical stimulations with a short train of electrical pulses at 500 Hz were performed through subdural electrodes placed at the MI, SMA, SI, SSA, NMA, and SNMA, which had been identified by 50-Hz stimulation, and surrounding cortical areas, while surface electromyography readings were recorded.

Results
Stimulation of the MI elicited motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in contralateral muscles. Stimulation of the SMA also induced MEPs in contralateral muscles but with longer latencies compared with the MI stimulation. Stimulation of the SMA did not elicit MEPs in ipsilateral muscles. Stimulation of the SI, SSA, NMA, and SNMA did not induce MEPs in any muscle. In one patient, MEPs were elicited without seizure induction by 500-Hz stimulation of the electrodes, whereas a 50-Hz stimulation of the same electrodes induced his habitual seizures.

Conclusions
Extraoperative high-frequency stimulation with MEP monitoring is a useful complementary method for cortical mapping without inducing seizure. Stimulation of SMA induces MEPs in contralateral muscles, with longer latencies compared with the stimulation of MI. This finding may be useful for the differentiation between MI and SMA, especially in the foot motor areas.
Increase in phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream signaling targets and suppression of apoptosis by simvastatin after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wu Hongtao , Lu Dunyue , Jiang Hao , Xiong Ye , Qu Changsheng , Li Bo , Mahmood Asim , Zhou Dong , Chopp Michael 
Published: September 2008

Object
In their previous studies, the authors found that simvastatin treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats had beneficial effects on spatial learning functions. In the current study they wanted to determine whether simvastatin suppressed neuronal cell apoptosis after TBI, and if so, they wanted to examine the underlying mechanisms of this process.

Methods
Saline or simvastatin (1 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats starting on Day 1 after TBI and then daily for 14 days. Modified Neurological Severity Scores were used to evaluate the sensory motor functional recovery. Rats were killed at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 35 days after treatment, and brain tissue was harvested for terminal deoxynucleotidyl nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, caspase-3 activity assay, and Western blot analysis.

Results
Simvastatin significantly decreased the modified Neurological Severity Scores from Days 7 to 35 after TBI, significantly reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells at Day 3, suppressed the caspase-3 activity at Days 1 and 3 after TBI, and increased phosphorylation of Akt as well as Forkhead transcription factor 1, inhibitory-κB, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which are the downstream targets of the prosurvival Akt signaling protein.

Conclusions
These data suggested that simvastatin reduces the apoptosis in neuronal cells and improves the sensory motor function recovery after TBI. These beneficial effects of simvastatin may be mediated through activation of Akt, Forkhead transcription factor 1 and nuclear factor–κB signaling pathways, which suppress the activation of caspase-3 and apoptotic cell death, and thereby, lead to neuronal function recovery after TBI.
Risk and value chains: Participant sharing of risk and rewards
Authors: Preckel Paul V. , Gray Allan , Boehlje Michael , Kim Sounghun 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Much discussion, analysis and experimentation with various forms of value chain coordination has occurred, but often, these business arrangements have not been sustainable. We address the important role that risk/reward sharing plays in developing sustainable value chains. The discussion will: 1) describe an analytical framework for determining the optimal risk/reward sharing between partners in a value chain, and 2) illustrate the application of the framework to contractual arrangements between producers and processors in the pork industry. We find that contract structures must balance the risk/reward preferences of both producers and processors in order to be sustainable.
An integrated perspective on alliance management
Authors: Duysters Geert , Heimeriks Koen H. , Jurriëns Jan A. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Alliance management has been on the agenda of management scholars and corporations for many years now. In spite of the growing attention that the academic and management literature has paid to many aspects of alliance management, track records of alliances are still poor. It can therefore be argued that the academic and management literature has been unable to unveil the secret ingredients of alliance success. In the past decades, academic research has identified three main levels of analysis in the field of alliances i.e. the dyadic perspective, the firm level and the network level. With a few exceptions the current body of literature discusses these three main levels of alliance management in isolation of each other. The combined effect of these different levels of alliance management has been largely neglected. In order to fill this void we argue that successful alliance management requires a profound understanding of all three levels of alliance management and their interaction. From this perspective, the contributions made by the different streams of alliance research are not autonomous, but are inherently interrelated.
Transparency in netchains as an organizational phenomenon: exploring the role of interdependencies
Authors: Theuvsen Ludwig 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Transparency has become a buzzword in the analysis of food chains. This paper analyzes the transparency of food chains from an organizational point of view by referring to the concept of interdependencies. It is argued that a lack of transparency can be rooted in the number and the coordination requirements of inter-company process interdependencies, which on their part result from the division of labor in food chains. Empirical evidence is taken from the German meat industry. The paper suggests some organizational solutions for improving transparency in netchains.
Export contracts for non-traditional products: Chayote from Costa Rica
Authors: Saenz Fernando , Ruben Ruerd 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This paper focuses on the determinants of market and contract choice for non-traditional crops and the possibilities for involving local producers in global agro-food chains through delivery relationships with packers and brokers. Main attention is given to the importance of quality for entering the export market and the impact of contractual arrangements on loyal behaviour. Core stipulations in the contract regarding the frequency of delivery and the provision of technical assistance are mediating factors between quality and loyalty. The study among traditional and recently established producers of chayote in Costa Rica confirms the importance of production scale and experience for engagement in exports. The export share is positively related to quality performance but inversely related to delivery frequency and sales at the local market. Apparently, traditional producers rely on market diversification to maintain a certain bargaining power vis-à-vis traders and processors. Verbal contractual arrangements are mainly offered to newly established but less-experienced farmers living in settlements that try to reduce risk and demonstrate a high commitment. These farmers cultivate on better soils and have more family labour available. Further quality improvement requires technical assistance and a high frequency of delivery. Supplier arrangements that guarantee timely collection, input support and flexible credit services are therefore of critical importance. Additional support from packers and exporters could enable farmers to improve product quality and is likely to be rewarded. with a high degree of loyalty.