bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of silver nanoparticles with gum of Moringa oleifera for effective antibacterial activities against human disease-causing bacterial species
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Ahmad Nisar , Uddin Muhammad Nazir , Saleh Ibrahim A. , Fazal Hina , Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa A , Malik Abdul , AbdElgawad Hamada , Khan Yaqub , Rauf Kamran , Khan Salman , Ullah Sami , Ahmad Tanveer , Ahmad Sajjad , Jalal Arshad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The misuse of antibiotics generates resistant bacterial strains that are extremely dangerous and pose a serious threat to global health systems. This global issue needs a rapid and urgent alternative to control the growth of resistant strains. In this study, a novel strategy was adopted to suppress the growth of resistant pathogens. Here, an immobilization approach was applied using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gum of medicinally important Moringa oleifera. In many studies, the gum and AgNPs alone have proven antibacterial activities. Here, the differential concentrations of AgNPs were immobilized with gum of M. oleifera to investigate its potential against highly resistant pathogens. Immobilization is a powerful technique that is commonly used in pharmaceutics for controlled reactivity and emulsification. The immobilized AgNPs displayed promising activities against highly resistant B. subtilis (23.6mm, 50 µL:200 µL), E. coli (19.3; 75 µL:200 µL), K. pneumoniae (22 mm; 200 µL:200 µL), P. mirabilis (16.3 mm; 100 µL:200 µL), P. aeruginosa (22 mm; 175 µL:200 µL) and S. typhi (19.3; 25 µL: 200 µL) than either AgNPs alone or gum. The immobilized AgNPs released the positive sliver ions and the positively charged nanoparticles (NPs) are attracted by the negatively charged bacterial cells. After attachment and permeation to bacterial cell, the immobilized NPs altering the cell membrane permeability, protein denaturation, causing oxidative stress, deactivating enzymes, generating ROS, DNA damage and changing gene expression level. It has been mechanistically considered that the immobilized AgNPs can kill bacteria by damaging their cell membranes, dephosphorylate tyrosine residues during their signal transduction pathways, cell apoptosis, rupture the organelles and inhibiting the cell division and finally lead to cell death. This study has a potential to be adopted by pharmaceutical industries as highly effective antibacterial alternatives to synthetic drugs.
A deep learning-based approach for automated two-stage femur segmentation
Authors: Xie Wenqing , Chen Peng , Li Zhigang , Wang Xiaopeng , Wang Chenggong , Zhang Lin , Wu Wenhao , Xiang Junjie , Wang Yiping , Zhong Da 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop a deep learning-based two-stage network based on deep learning tenets designed for swift delineation of regions of interest (ROIs) and semantic segmentation of the femur with accuracy and precision.
Methods
The deep learning-based two-stage segmentation network proposed in this paper performs femur segmentation on full lower limb CT images. The experimental dataset utilized herein is sourced from Hospital, encompassing a total of 100 experimental datasets—partitioned into 85 datasets for training, 8 for validation, and 7 for testing.
Results
In the first stage, the average IoU reached 0.9671, and the mAP reached 0.9656, indicating that the femoral region was effectively and accurately extracted. In the second stage, the average Dice coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, and pixel accuracy were 0.953, 0.965, 0.998, and 0.996, respectively, indicating accurate segmentation of the femur. Compared with the non-two-stage network, it converges more easily during training, has a shorter inference time, has higher accuracy, and exhibits superior performance.
Conclusion
This deep learning-based, two-stage segmentation network is adept at executing femur segmentation tasks with remarkable speed, precision, and autonomy across expansive medical datasets. Boasting minimal computational requisites. With low computational constraints, it has broad applicability and scalability. It holds promise as an effective tool for improving femur image segmentation and facilitating clinical diagnosis.
Genetic diversity and runs of homozygosity (ROH): A portrait of the quantitative academic publication dynamic and scientific metadata
Authors: Sobrinho Francisco de Assis Diniz , Coelho Ronaldo Cunha , Moura Jeane de Oliveira , Bajay Miklos Maximiliano , Carvalho Leonardo Castelo Branco , Britto Fábio Barros , Sarmento José Lindenberg Rocha , Mastrangelo Salvatore , de Araújo Adriana Mello 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Autozygosity is the homozygous state of identical-by-descent (IBD) alleles, which can result from several phenomena. The increase in inbreeding (F) leads to different negative effects such as a reduction in genetic variance, with a reduction in individual performance (inbreeding depression) and lower population viability. Nowadays, among several alternative methods to estimate inbreeding, F estimated from Run of Homozygosity (FROH) is considered the most powerful. This study aimed to provide a systematic review to comprehensive understanding of the structure and dynamics of genomic diversity and the impact of ROH studies over the last decade, highlighting directions and opportunities for future research.
Results 406 publications were identified on WoS core collection and applied to bibliometric analysis available in the R environment. The analysis revealed an increased number of publications per year. China, Italy, and the United States are the countries that published the most on the topic, with the main contributions published in journals such as Animals and Frontiers in Genetics. This study highlights the growing interest in the functional analysis of ROHs driven by computational tools capable of characterizing these genomic regions. Noteworthy are the PLINK software and the detectRUNS package, utilizing a sliding window methodology for SNP analysis in the genome. Beyond a global crisis of genetic diversity loss, challenges encompass ecological issues, habitat fragmentation, and isolated populations, as well as the availability of genetic variation in species domesticated by humans, which forms the foundation of our food supply.
Conclusion A bibliometric analysis highlights the growing interest and progress of research in breeds of homozygosity (ROH) and genetic diversity, driven by the advancement of genomic technology and international collaboration. Asia, America and Europe lead in knowledge production. Advances like PLINK and detectRUNS in R mean a quest for more accurate analysis. Emerging topics such as migration and correlation indicate an increasing focus on the impact of ROH standards. Challenges include refining analytical techniques and exploring regions of high heterozygosity, promising future research directions.
Production of Micro and Nano Crystalline Cellulose from Waste Cassava Pulp and Cassava Pulp Treated from Biogas System
Authors: Banditvong Chittaphone , Varongchayakul Suppanut , Laosiripojana Navadol , Songkasiri Warinthorn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The objective of this study was to produce microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from solid waste cassava pulp from (i) a starch process and (ii) a biogas system (CP and CPbiogas, respectively) in the cassava starch industry. The process commenced with the removal of starch using α-amylase. The lignocellulosic fibers were bleached with 0.7% (w/v) NaClO2 and 17.5% (w/v) NaOH, resulting in a cellulose content of 91% and 88% from the CP and CPbiogas, respectively. The average particle size of MCC ranged from 10–200 µm. Subsequently, it was hydrolyzed by 60% sulfuric acid for 132 min for produce NCC. NCC yield of less than 100-nm from CP and CPbiogas were 10 and 12% respectively. The resulting MCC and NCC from CP and CPbiogas were dried and characterized by X-ray diffractometry, revealing a crystallinity index of 68% and 70% of MCC, after H2SO4 hydrolyzed, the crystallinity index was increased to 71% and 76% of NCC from CP and CPbiogas, respectively. These characteristics demonstrated a highly promising potential for the obtained nanocellulose in various applications.
The influence of early life exposures on the infant gut virome
Authors: Zhang Yichang , Castro-Mejía Josué L. , Deng Ling , Shah Shiraz A. , Thorsen Jonathan , Rodríguez Cristina Leal , Jessen Leon E. , Dion Moïra B. , Chawes Bo , Bønnelykke Klaus , Sørensen Søren J. , Bisgaard Hans , Moineau Sylvain , Petit Marie-Agnès , Stokholm Jakob , Nielsen Dennis S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The factors influencing the establishment of the gut bacterial community in early life are fairly well studied. However, the factors shaping the infant gut virome remain elusive. Most gut viruses are bacteriophages (phages), i.e., viruses attacking bacteria in a host specific manner, and to a lesser extent, but also widely present, eukaryotic viruses, including viruses attacking human cells. Interestingly, early life gut virome imbalances have recently been linked with increased risk of developing diseases like type 1 diabetes and asthma. We utilized the deeply phenotyped COPSAC2010 cohort to investigate how environmental factors influence the gut virome at one year age.
Results
We demonstrate that presence of older siblings as well as residental location (urban or rural) had the strongest impact on gut virome composition at one year of age. A total of 16,118 species-level clustered viral representative contigs (here termed viral Operational Taxonomic Units – vOTUs) were identified and of these 2105 vOTUs varied in abundance with environmental exposure. Of these vOTUs 94.1% were phages mainly predicted to infect Bacteroidaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Strong co-abundance of phages and their bacterial hosts was confirmed underlining the predicted phage-host connections. Furthermore, we found some gut viruses affected by environmental factors encode enzymes involved in the utilization and degradation of major dietary components, potentially affecting infant health by influencing the bacterial host metabolic capacity. Genes encoding enzymes significantly associated with early life exposures were found in a total of 42 vOTUs. Eigtheen of these vOTUs had their life styles predicted, with 17 of them having a temperate lifestyle.
Conclusion
Given the importance of the gut microbiome in early life for maturation of the immune system and maintenance of metabolic health, these findings provide avaluable insights for understanding early life factors that predispose to autoimmune and metabolic disorders.
Integration of Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptome Sequencing Identifies CDKN2A as a Senescent Biomarker in Endothelial Cells Implicating Hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignancy
Authors: Ma Yue , Yi Chenhe , Cai Ning , Chen Jinhong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide, remaining difficult to manage. The role of cellular senescence in HCC has been gradually recognized. The present study aimed to comprehensively analyze the senescence-related features of HCC in single-cell and spatial dimension.
Methods: Integration of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and spatial transcriptome sequencing (ST) data enabled identification of senescence-related genes (SRGs) for HCC. A novel prognostic model based on SRGs was constructed, and spatial distribution of senescent endothelial cells (ECs) within HCC tumors was analyzed. Then, the role of senescent ECs was verified through in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Results: Significant heterogeneity in senescence profiles of ECs was observed, with specific regulatory alterations existing the communication between senescent ECs and other cell types. Spatial analysis revealed senescent ECs mainly located in the core region of HCC. The interaction of senescent ECs and immune cells implicated their role in tumor progression and immunotherapeutic response. In addition, CDKN2A was identified as an independent risk factor for HCC prognosis by constructing a prognostic model. CDKN2A promoted senescence of ECs which exhibited a secretory phenotype. Furthermore, senescent ECs with CDKN2A overexpression promote the malignancy of HCC both in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusion: The present study advances understanding of senescent ECs in HCC pathogenesis, providing an insight into evaluation of ECs senescence as a therapeutic target for HCC.
The dynamic revolution of intestinal flora and bile acids profiles revealed the hypolipidemic effect of lotus seed resistant starch
Authors: Lei Suzhen , Jiang Yijun , Cai Xiaoliang , Lin Zhixiong , Zhang Yi , Zeng Hongliang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Our research group had shown that lotus seed resistant starch (LRS) had hypolipidemic effect, but its mechanism is still being studied. Bile acids are important metabolic pathway of cholesterol, accelerating the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and excreting them in the fecal may be one of the effective ways to reduce cholesterol levels in the body. This study aimed to reveal the lipid-lowering effect of LRS from the perspectives of fecal microbiota and bile acids. Herein, a rat model of hyperlipidemia was established and intervened with LRS. Fecal samples from different periods were collected to study the changes in microbiota and bile acids, and the correlation network diagram was established to reveal the lipid-lowering mechanism of LRS. The results showed that LRS inhibited the growth of Prevotella and Allobaculum in hyperlipidemic rats. Meanwhile LRS promoted the excretion of cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), alpha-muricholic acid (α-MCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), ursocholic acid (UCA), 7-ketodeoxycholic acid (7-keto-DCA) in hyperlipidemic rats. Furthermore, total cholesterol (TCHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were negatively correlated with CA, CDCA, UDCA and UCA, and TCHO was positively correlated with Prevotella. Triglycerides (TG) was negatively correlated with CA, CDCA, 7-keto-DCA and UCA, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was positively correlated with α-MCA. Regulating the gut microbiota such as Prevotella and accelerating the transformation of liver cholesterol into primary bile acids (CA, CDCA) for excretion from the body was one of the effective means for LRS to ameliorate blood lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats.
Retreatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C, subtype 3a, and cirrhosis, who previously failed a regimen containing second-generation NS5A inhibitors with sofosbuvir + glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and ribavirin for 16-24 weeks
Authors: Fedorchenko Sergii V. , Klimenko Zhanna , Martynovych Tatiana , Solianyk Iryna , Suprunenko Tatiana 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: The use of direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in patients with chronic HCV genotype (GT) 3a infection results in sustained virologic response (SVR) rates of 93-98%, but 3-6% of patients experience virologic failure.
Methods: We observed 11 patients infected with HCV subtype 3a who failed previous treatment with DAAs, with liver cirrhosis. All patients previously failed with sofosbuvir+velpatasvir+ribavirin for 24 weeks. Patients received retreatment with sofosbuvir, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and ribavirin for 16-24 weeks. We compared SVR12 rates depending on the presence of NS5A mutation (L31M, A30K, Y93H or double mutations).
Results: Observed SVR12 rate was: 100% (11/11 patients) overall.
Conclusion:s Retreatment with SOF+GLE/PIB+RBV for 16-24 weeks was highly effective and safe in patients with chronic HCV GT3a infection, including those with liver cirrhosis, who previously failed DAA containing second-generation NS5A inhibitors. Presence of NS5A RASs L31M, A30K, Y93H or double mutations at the baseline did not impact SVR12 rates.
Numerical Study on the Breaking Phenomena of the Fornberg-Whitham Equation
Authors: Tanaka Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

For surface gravity waves, it is known that wave breaking may occur in the temporal evolution as a result ofthe steepening of waveform due to nonlinearity. Here, ``breaking" refers to the phenomenon in which the slope of the front face of the wave diverges to \(-\infty\).The Fornberg-Whitham equation is a model equation which can reproduce this breaking phenomenon.In this study, the breaking phenomenon of the Fornberg-Whitham equation is investigated numerically.The equation is normalized to a form that includes two free parameters,while the initial condition is fixed as \(u_0(x)=\cos x\).The results are categorized in terms of whether wave breaking occurs or not in the course of the temporal evolution,and summarized as a scatter plot on the parameter plane.The overall shape of the critical curve, which separates the breaking and the non-breaking regionson the parameter plane, is qualitatively explained in terms of the competition between the effects of dispersion and nonlinearity.
Economic ready to eat food supplement results in altered hematopoietic system in domestic cats
Authors: Abdulrahman Hanar A. , Aziz Shnya Hama , Sabir Muhamad , Nawzad Rahel , Gharib Rawa Hama , Mohammed Rebar Nawzad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Cats, belonging to the feline family, have been domesticated by humans for millennia, undergoing a gradual process divided into animal breeding and animal keeping phases. As obligate carnivores, cats require diets rich in protein, moderate in fat, and low in carbohydrates, with dietary needs evolving throughout their lifetimes. The aim of the current study is to compare the nutritional value and health consequences from eating economic diets with premium diets. Twelve cats (7 eating economic diets and 5 eating premium diets as control) were enrolled into the study. The animals went through clinical consultation and laboratory investigations. Based on the results from the current study, economic ready to eat food supplement impact the overall immune system and the defense mechanisms in the cats due to a marked reduction the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood in particular the lymphocytes and the monocytes. Cats consuming economic diets experienced anemia due to an impaired hemoglobin production therefore impacted the rate of red blood cell production. Moreover, thrombocytopenia, conditions marked by reduced platelet counts, are linked to economic diets and nutrient deficiencies in cats in the study. In conclusion, proper nutrition is pivotal in preserving overall health and preventing hematological anomalies. Regular veterinary attention and a balanced diet are imperative for the management and prevention of such conditions in feline companions.
An analysis of the mediating factors of suicide risk in adolescents with depressive disorder based on machine learning
Authors: Zhu Xuanyan , Chen Yun , Jiang Zhongyi , Bi Ran , Zhang Qiaoyang , Cao Yin , Dong Guanzhong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aims: The role of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in the suicide process of patients with depressive disorder remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role NSSI plays in suicide risk in patients with depressive disorder.
Methods: A questionnaire survey was compiled using the HAMD-24, the Baker Suicide Risk Scale, and the NSSI Scale. The survey was administered to 113 adolescent patients with depressive disorder. The correlation between NSSI, depression, and suicide risk was analyzed using the gradient-lifting regression model.
Results: NSSI had the highest incidence among high school students, regardless of gender. Furthermore, the incidence of NSSI was high among depressive patients with a history of smoking and drinking. NSSI partially mediated the risk of suicide in depressive patients.
Conclusions: The findings show that NSSI increases the risk of suicide in patients with depressive disorder. Therefore, paying attention to NSSI in patients with depressive disorder and taking early mediating measures to minimize the effect will be conducive to reducing the risk of suicide.
Survey and genetic diversity of wild Brassica oleracea L. germplasm on the northern coast of Spain
Authors: Maggioni Lorenzo , Bengtsson Therése , Poulsen Gert Bundgaard , von Bothmer Roland 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study follows from an expedition undertaken in 2011 to collect and monitor populations of Brassica oleracea var. oleracea growing on the Atlantic cliffs in the north of Spain. The genetic diversity and structure of 17 of these populations were analysed with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) revealed through Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT). These were compared with eight similar populations from the Atlantic coasts of northern Europe, with a representation of six Mediterranean wild taxa belonging to the Brassica oleracea complex and with six leafy kale landraces from Italy and Spain. The analysis reveals that the largest B. oleracea genetic diversity is present in the Asturias region. Another evidence is the presence of a north-south gradient of diversity along the Atlantic coasts, and the distinction between two types of accessions, one confined to northwest Spain (‘AsCan’ type) and another comprising most northern populations and the cultivated leafy kales, with an intermediate area of admixed types. The genetic distance among all the B. oleracea var. oleracea populations and between these and the leafy kales is minimal. This brings further weight to the interpretation of the wild-growing Atlantic populations of B. oleracea as a feral group. A specific pivotal position is assigned to the population of Laredo, Cantabria, which is genetically very close to 63% of the other accessions. In this study, Brassica incana is genetically the closest wild taxon to cultivated leafy kales and feral B. oleracea, and thus is indicated as a possible source of domestication of B. oleracea.