bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Within‐Group Design of Nontreatment Seeking 5‐HTTLPR Genotyped Alcohol‐Dependent Subjects Receiving Ondansetron and Sertraline
Authors: Kenna George A. , Zywiak William H. , McGeary John E. , Leggio Lorenzo , McGeary Chinatsu , Wang Shirley , Grenga Andrea , Swift Robert M. 
Published: November 2008

Background:  Serotonergic mechanisms are associated with the development of alcohol dependence (AD), however, studies evaluating serotonergic medications have produced conflicting results. One hypothesis suggests that differential response may be due to a functional polymorphism of the 5‐HTTLPR promoter region of the serotonin re‐uptake transporter (5‐HTT). The L/L genotype is postulated to be associated with early onset alcoholism and the S/S or S/L genotypes associated with late onset alcoholism. The aim of this study was to match and mismatch L/L, S/S, or S/L genotypes with administration of ondansetron and sertraline.Methods:  Fifteen nontreatment seeking alcohol‐dependent individuals were randomized to 1 of 2 counterbalanced arms to receive either 200 mg/d of sertraline or ondansetron 0.5 mg/d for 3 weeks followed by an alcohol self‐administration experiment (ASAE), then received placebo for 3 weeks followed by a second ASAE. Participants then received the alternate drug for 2 weeks followed by a third ASAE.Results:  At the first ASAE compared to sertraline, ondansetron significantly improved drinking outcomes for the L/L genotype for the ASAE volume consumed (100% reduction based on between‐subjects comparison, t = 2.35), and for drinks per drinking day during the 7 days prior to the ASAE (79% reduction and t = 4.34). Compared with ondansetron for S/S or S/L genotypes, outcomes at ASAE 1 for sertraline and S/S or S/L genotypes are opposite than hypothesized. Overall, subjects reduced drinking across their participation in the trial, as there appears to be an order effect.Conclusion:  This study suggests that ondansetron may reduce alcohol consumption in alcohol‐dependent individuals who have the L/L genotype as measured naturalistically and during the ASAE. By contrast there was no support that sertraline reduces alcohol use in individuals who have S/S or S/L genotypes. Evidence in the literature suggests that AD in some individuals may be influenced by a gene by socio‐environmental interaction making pharmacological treatment with serotonergic drugs complex. Research must consider that typologies may predict successful treatment of AD in future trials.
Drinking Patterns and Myocardial Infarction: A Linear Dose–Response Model
Authors: Russell Marcia , Chu Bong Chul , Banerjee Aniruddha , Fan Amy Z. , Trevisan Maurizio , Dorn Joan M. , Gruenewald Paul 
Published: November 2008

Background:  The relation of alcohol intake to cardiovascular health is complex, involving both protective and harmful effects, depending on the amount and pattern of consumption. Interpretation of data available on the nature of these relations is limited by lack of well‐specified, mathematical models relating drinking patterns to alcohol‐related consequences. Here we present such a model and apply it to data on myocardial infarction (MI).Methods:  The dose–response model derived assumes: (1) each instance of alcohol use has an effect that either increases or decreases the likelihood of an alcohol‐related consequence, and (2) greater quantities of alcohol consumed on any drinking day add linearly to these increases or decreases in risk. Risk was reduced algebraically to a function of drinking frequency and dosage (volume minus frequency, a measure of the extent to which drinkers have more than 1 drink on days when they drink). In addition to estimating the joint impact of frequency and dosage, the model provides a method for calculating the point at which risk related to alcohol consumption is equal to background risk from other causes. A bootstrapped logistic regression based on the dose–response model was conducted using data from a case‐control study to obtain the predicted probability of MI associated with current drinking patterns, controlling for covariates.Results:  MI risk decreased with increasing frequency of drinking, but increased as drinking dosage increased. Rates of increasing MI risk associated with drinking dosage were twice as high among women as they were among men. Relative to controls, lower MI risk was associated with consuming < 4.55 drinks per drinking day for men (95% CI: 2.77 to 7.18) and < 3.08 drinks per drinking day for women (95% CI: 1.35 to 5.16), increasing after these cross‐over points were exceeded.Conclusions:  Use of a well‐specified mathematical dose–response model provided precise estimates for the first time of how drinking frequency and dosage each contribute linearly to the overall impact of a given drinking pattern on MI risk in men and women.
Behavioral Consequences of Repeated Nicotine During Adolescence in Alcohol‐Preferring AA and Alcohol‐Avoiding ANA Rats
Authors: Kemppainen Heidi , Hyytiä Petri , Kiianmaa Kalervo 
Published: November 2008

Background:  Epidemiological studies suggest that exposure to nicotine at adolescent age is associated with increased potential to use alcohol and that genetic predisposition may further increase the risk. The present study addressed adolescent vulnerability to repeated nicotine exposure and its influence on subsequent ethanol self‐administration by investigating interactions between nicotine‐induced behavioral sensitization and voluntary ethanol consumption in alcohol preferring AA (Alko Alcohol) and alcohol nonpreferring ANA (Alko Non‐Alcohol) rat lines selected for differential ethanol intake.Methods:  Adolescent and adult rats received 10 injections of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg s.c.), given every second day from postnatal day (Pnd) 27 and 75, respectively. Nicotine‐induced (0.5 mg/kg) locomotor activity was measured acutely after the first injection, and after the repeated treatment with nicotine on Pnds 52 and 86 in the adolescent groups and on Pnd 99 in the adult groups. After this, acquisition of voluntary ethanol (10% v/v) consumption as well as nicotine‐induced (0.5 mg/kg) ethanol intake was measured in the AA rats.Results:  Adolescent AA rats were more sensitive than adolescent ANA rats to the locomotor effects of nicotine. They were also stimulated more than adult AA rats, but such a difference was not found among ANA rats. Adolescent and adult rats did not differ in their susceptibility to nicotine‐induced behavioral sensitization. Genetic predisposition to ethanol self‐administration did not interact with development of behavioral sensitization in either adolescents or adults. Acquisition of ethanol intake was enhanced in the adolescent groups relative to the adult groups in a manner that was independent of the nicotine treatment. An increase in ethanol intake was found after challenging animals with nicotine, and this effect was enhanced in the nicotine‐treated adolescent group.Conclusions:  These findings provide no or little support for the views that adolescent animals are more sensitive to the neurobehavioral effects of repeated exposure to nicotine and that exposure to nicotine in adolescence may contribute to enhanced vulnerability to ethanol abuse. Furthermore, genetic predisposition to high or low ethanol self‐administration does not seem to be a factor that influences individual vulnerability to the neurobehavioral effects of repeated administration of nicotine.
The Aggressive Behavior Scale: A New Scale to Measure Aggression Based on the Minimum Data Set
Authors: Perlman Christopher M. , Hirdes John P. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVES: To examine the reliability and validity of the Aggressive Behavior Scale (ABS), derived from the Minimum Data Set (MDS 2.0).DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of MDS 2.0 and Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) data.SETTING: Ontario nursing homes (NHs) and complex continuing care (CCC) hospitals and units.PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred fourteen patients of a CCC hospital, 652 residents of four NH facilities who adopted the MDS 2.0 before its mandatory implementation, 124,259 CCC patients assessed with the MDS 2.0 between July 1996 and October 2006.MEASUREMENTS: In all samples, trained facility clinical staff completed the MDS 2.0 as part of normal clinical practice. The ABS is a 4‐item summary scale measuring verbal and physical abuse, socially inappropriate behavior, and resisting care. In the single CCC facility, clinical facility staff completed the CMAI during the same assessment period as the MDS 2.0.RESULTS: Alphas for the ABS were between 0.79 and 0.93 for the three samples. A strong relationship was found between the ABS and the aggressive subscale of the CMAI (correlation coefficient=0.72, P<.001). Impairment in cognition was found to be related to higher ABS scores in all three samples. In CCC, individuals who had higher ABS scores also had a higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses and greater frequency of daily restraint use (P<.001 for each dependent variable).CONCLUSION: The ABS provides a useful measure of the severity of aggressive behavior that can be used for care planning, quality measurement, and research.
Decomposing changes in agricultural price gaps: an application to Russia
Authors: Liefert William M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe article develops a method for decomposing changes in agricultural price gaps, defined as the difference between a commodity's domestic producer and border prices. We use OECD's procedure for decomposing changes in the market price support part of producer support estimates as the starting point for our decomposition method, and our method provides a basis for critiquing OECD's decomposition approach. The transmission of changes in border prices (world prices and the exchange rate) to domestic prices is a key element in the decomposition. The method is demonstrated using Russian agricultural price gaps. The results support the argument that for Russian agriculture during the transition period, the main cause of changes in price gaps has been incomplete transmission of changes in the exchange rate to domestic prices, and where the weak transmission results mainly not from policy intervention, but rather from deficient market conditions, in particular poor market infrastructure. The policy implication is that underdeveloped infrastructure has strongly limited the benefits to the Russian economy from agricultural trade liberalization.
A joint test of market power, menu costs, and currency invoicing
Authors: Gervais Jean‐Philippe , Larue Bruno 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article investigates exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) and currency invoicing decisions of Canadian pork exporters in the presence of menu costs. It is shown that when export prices are negotiated in the exporter's currency, menu costs cause threshold effects in the sense that there are bounds within (outside of) which price adjustments are not (are) observed. Conversely, the pass‐through is not interrupted by menu costs when export prices are denominated in the importer's currency. The empirical model focuses on pork meat exports from two Canadian provinces to the U.S. and Japan. Hansen's (2000) threshold estimation procedure is used to jointly test for currency invoicing and incomplete pass‐through in the presence of menu costs. Inference is conducted using the bootstrap with pre‐pivoting methods to deal with nuisance parameters. The existence of menu cost is supported by the data in three of the four cases. It also appears that Quebec pork exporters have some market power and invoice in Japanese yen their exports to Japan. Manitoba exporters also seem to follow the same invoicing strategy, but their ability to increase their profit margin in response to large enough own‐currency devaluations is questionable. Our currency invoicing results for sales to the U.S. are consistent with subsets of Canadian firms using either the Canadian or U.S. currency.
Rituximab to treat chronic lymphoproliferative disorder‐associated pure red cell aplasia
Authors: D’Arena Giovanni , Vigliotti Maria Luigia , Dell’Olio Matteo , Villa Maria Rosaria , Mantuano Saverio , Scalzulli Potito Rosario , La Sala Antonio , Abbadessa Antonio , Mastrullo Lucia , Cascavilla Nicola 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe report four patients (mean age 65 yr; range 40–77 yr) affected by acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) complicating chronic lymphoid disorders and treated with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. Three out of four patients were given packed red cell transfusion. Steroids and recombinant erythropoietin (r‐Epo) were also administered as first‐line therapy without response. After a mean time of 57 d (range 23–62 d) from PRCA diagnosis, all patients received rituximab at a dosage of 375 mg/m2/wk for four consecutive weeks. First injection side effects of rituximab were minimal. All patients showed an increase in hemoglobin levels in response to rituximab, in one patient just after the first dose, in another patient after the second and in two other patients after the third dose. Three patients (75%) were considered in complete remission (CR) and one patient (25%) in partial remission 4 wk after the last rituximab infusion, despite a CR was obtained later (16 wk following the beginning of the therapy). Finally, at the last follow‐up (mean 18.5 months, range 2–60 months), all patients were alive and in continue CR. Despite very limited in number, these results suggest that rituximab is very effective in the treatment of PRCA complicating B‐cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders.
Ascending thrombophlebitis after foam sclerotherapy as first symptom of breast cancer
Authors: Kobus Stephan , Reich‐Schupke Stefanie , Pindur Lukas , Altmeyer Peter , Stucker Markus 
Published: November 2008

SummaryMalignancy increases the risk of thromboembolic events. Vascular events such as venous thromboses can even precede the diagnosis of cancer. A 48‐year‐old woman presented with an extensive thrombophlebitis of the left small saphenous vein and a perforating vein of the right leg after foam sclerotherapy with Aethoxysklerol® foam 0.5% for small varicose veins of both lower legs. A few days later an unknown advanced breast cancer was diagnosed. This case shows that not only venous thromboses but also thrombophlebitis can be a warning sign for malignancy.
Perifollicular protrusions – mid‐dermal elastolysis
Authors: Volz Andreas , Pfister‐Wartha Andrea , Bruckner‐Tuderman Leena , Braun‐Falco Markus 
Published: November 2008

SummaryMid‐dermal elastolysis is a rare peculiar entity clinically characterized by fine wrinkles and perifollicular protrusions that give the skin an aged or peau d'orange appearance. The histopathologic correlate is a bandlike loss of elastic tissue within the mid‐dermis.We present a typical case with prominent perifollicular protrusions.
New Journeys through Old Voyages: Literary Approaches to Richard Hakluyt and Early Modern Travel Writing
Authors: MacCrossan Colm 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis essay provides newcomers with a path into the study of early modern English travel writing by reviewing the most important scholarship on this material, both before and since the recognition of its value to literary scholars beyond what Willy Maley has recently called the ‘rather limiting notion of “background” and “source” material’ (489). It introduces the texts of the genre's most influential figure in this period, Richard Hakluyt (c.1552–1616), and discusses how recent literary and interdisciplinary scholarship has placed new emphasis on the depth and complexity of Hakluyt's best‐known travel book, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589; 1598–1600). This shift that has caused much of the conventional wisdom surrounding this text to be reconsidered, and opened the way for new and sustained critical readings. Reflecting the fact that research into early modern travel literature is developing quite rapidly, this article contains up‐to‐date references (including to forthcoming scholarship from a number of the world's leading Hakluyt specialists), which even readers who are already familiar with this field may find useful.
Sentimental Visions of Empire in Eighteenth‐Century Studies
Authors: Festa Lynn 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis survey of recent critical work on the role played by the sentimental in eighteenth‐century representations of empire is organized around four central issues. The first addresses the double‐edged use of sentimental writing as a form of ideological mystification – the palliating representation of scenes of colonial violence and imperial exploitation as moments of benevolence or sentimental exchange – and as a form of critique – as a means of representing the causes and consequences of remote actions as an incitement to proper action. The second takes up the way sentimentality is entwined with questions of commerce as a means of thinking about relations across the vast distances of empire, focusing in particular on the way sentimental tropes enabled thinking about the emergence of the global. The third turns to the utility of sentimental language for forging bonds of sympathetic identification with broader communities of nation and of empire, with particular attention to the way the extension of sympathy to another imperils the sanctity of the feeling self, while the final section addresses the way sentimental tropes police the circulation of sympathetic feeling as the means of monitoring the very boundaries of the human in the context of eighteenth‐century empire. Throughout I stress the need for more comparative work on the role played by the sentimental not only within different domains of imperial activity but also across periods, disciplines, and national discourses. The essay includes an extensive bibliography of recent studies of eighteenth‐century sentimentality in relation to empire.
Political Theology and Shakespeare Studies
Authors: Rust Jennifer R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe current focus on political theology in Shakespeare studies is largely devoted to tracing how Shakespeare's dramas illuminate the structural link between religious and political forms in both early modernity and modern liberal democracy. Critics concerned with addressing Shakespeare's engagement with political theology are also interested in how Shakespeare's portrayal of sovereign bodies in crisis constitute an early representation of ‘biopolitics’. These critics draw on theorists ranging from Carl Schmitt to Giorgio Agamben to inform their analyses of the way Shakespeare dramatizes sovereignty in a ‘state of emergency’ in his histories and tragedies. Plays such as Richard II, Coriolanus, and Hamlet have drawn particular attention insofar as they vividly interrogate the nature of the sovereign exception and decision highlighted by theorists of political theology. While this line of criticism adds a new theoretical dimension to Shakespeare studies, it also offers the potential for remapping our understanding of the religious and political history of early modern England in its attention to the deforming pressure of religious schism on traditional structures of sovereignty.
Nitric Oxide Potentiates Oligosaccharide‐induced Artemisinin Production in Artemisia annua Hairy Roots
Authors: Zheng Li‐Ping , Guo Yu‐Ting , Wang Jian‐Wen , Tan Ren‐Xiang 
Published: November 2008

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to characterize the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in Artemisia annua roots induced by an oligosaccharide elicitor (OE) from Fusarium oxysporum mycelium and the potentiation role of NO in the elicitation of artemisinin accumulation. The OE (0.3 mg total sugar/mL) induced a rapid production of NO in cultures, which exhibited a biphasic time course, reaching the first plateau within 1.5 h and the second within 8 h of OE treatment. Artemisinin content in 20‐day‐old hairy roots was increased from 0.7 mg/g dry wt to 1.3 mg/g dry wt by using the OE treatment for 4 d. In the absence of OE, the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at 10, 50 μM and 100 μM enhanced the growth of hairy roots, but had no effect on artemisinin synthesis. The combination of SNP with OE increased artemisinin content from 1.2 mg/g dry wt to 2.2 mg/g dry wt, whereas the maximum production of artemisinin in cultures was 28.5 mg/L, a twofold increase over the OE treatment alone. The effects of SNP on the OE‐induced artemisinin were suppressed strongly by the NO scavenger 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide (cPTIO). The results suggest that NO can strongly potentiate elicitor‐induced artemisinin synthesis in A. annua hairy roots.
Stress Responsive Zinc‐finger Protein Gene of Populus euphratica in Tobacco Enhances Salt Tolerance
Authors: Wang Jun‐Ying , Xia Xin‐Li , Wang Jun‐Ping , Yin Wei‐Lun 
Published: November 2008

Abstract The Populus euphratica stress responsive zinc‐finger protein gene PSTZ, which encodes a protein including typical Cys2/His2 zinc finger structure, was isolated by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction from P. euphratica. Northern hybridization revealed that its expression was induced under drought and salt stress conditions. To examine its function, cDNA of the PSTZ gene, driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, was cloned into a plant expression vector pBin438 and introduced into tobacco plants. Transgenic tobacco showed an enhanced salt tolerance, suggesting that PSTZ may play a role in plant responsiveness to salt stress.
Molecular Evidence for the Hybrid Origin of Bauhinia blakeana (Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Mak Chun Yin , Cheung Ka Shing , Yip Pui Ying , Kwan Hoi Shan 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Bauhinia blakeana Dunn is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region emblem and a popular horticultural species in many Asian countries. It was first described as a new species from Hong Kong almost a century ago. This plant is sterile and has long been considered a hybrid, possibly from two related species, B. purpurea and B. variegata. However, not much evidence based on molecular methods was available to support this hypothesis. In this study, sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), rbcL and atpB‐rbcL intergenic spacer for five Bauhinia species and two varieties of one of the species were determined and compared. There were two types of ITS1 sequences in B. blakeana, one indistinguishable from that of B. purpurea and the other one identical to that of B. variegata. This confirmed that B. blakeana was a hybrid of these two species. Chloroplast atpB‐rbcL intergenic spacer sequence of B. blakeana was identical to that of B. purpurea, indicating that B. purpurea was the female parent. The hybridization event seemed to occur only recently and was a rare incident. Its occurrence was likely facilitated by interspecific pollen competition. It appeared that human efforts played a crucial role in the preservation and ubiquity of B. blakeana.