bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free vibrations for a nonlinear wave equation and a theorem of P. Rabinowitz
Authors: Brézis Haïm , Coron Jean‐Michel , Nirenberg Louis 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new and simpler proof is given of the result of P. Rabinowitz for nontrivial time periodic solutions of a vibrating string equation uu ‐ uxx + g(u) = 0 and Dirichlet boundary conditions on a finite interval. We assume essentially that g is nondecreasing, and g(u)/u→∞ as |u|→∞. The proof uses a modified form (PS)c of the Palais‐Smale condition (PS).
On the cauchy problem for harmonic maps defined on two‐dimensional Minkowski space
Authors: Chao‐Hao Gu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLet R1+1 be two‐dimensional Minkowski space and M a complete Riemannian manifold of dimension n. It is proved that the solution of the Cauchy problem for the harmonic map ϕ : R1+1 → M exists globally. As an application to physics we conclude that the field function in a two‐dimensional chiral field theory is regular for all time, if it is regular initially.
Expression profile of Papss2 (3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′‐phosphosulfate synthase 2) during cartilage formation and skeletal development in the mouse embryo
Authors: Stelzer Christiane , Brimmer Annette , Hermanns Pia , Zabel Bernhard , Dietz Uwe H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSulfation of proteoglycans is a very important posttranslational modification in chondrocyte growth and development. The enzyme 3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′‐phosphosulfate synthase (PAPSS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of PAPS (3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′‐phosphosulfate), which serves as the universal sulfate donor compound for all sulfotransferase reactions (Schwartz and Domowicz [2002] Glycobiology 109:143–151). Two major isoenzymes, PAPS synthase 1 (PAPSS1) and PAPS synthase 2 (PAPSS2) were identified in higher organisms for the synthesis of PAPS. PAPSS1 is the more prominent isoform and is ubiquitously expressed in human adult tissues, including cartilage, while PAPSS2 shows a more restricted expression pattern and appears to be the major variant in growth plate cartilage (Fuda et al. [2002] Biochem J 365(Pt 2):497–504). Mutations within the murine and the human PAPSS2 genes are responsible for diseases affecting the skeletal system (Kurima et al. [1998] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:8681–8685; ul Haque et al. [1998] Nat Genet 20:157–162), like the spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) Pakistani type. To further elucidate the function of Papss2 within the developing skeleton, we investigated the expression pattern of the murine gene at different developmental stages. We detected Papss2 mRNA starting from 11.5 days post coitum (dpc) at the sites of first chondrogenic condensations and the expression continued in all cartilaginous elements tested of 12.5 dpc, 13.5 dpc, 16.5 dpc embryos, and newborn mice. Papss2 transcripts were also observed in other tissues such as heart, tongue, kidney, and neuronal tissues. However, the most significant levels of Papss2 mRNA were found in condensing and proliferating chondrocytes, whereas hypertrophic chondrocytes show a dramatic down‐regulation of Papss2 mRNA expression, indicating an important role of the gene product for cartilage growth and development in mouse embryo. Developmental Dynamics 236:1313–1318, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Xenopus hairy2 functions in neural crest formation by maintaining cells in a mitotic and undifferentiated state
Authors: Nagatomo Kan‐Ichiro , Hashimoto Chikara 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe neural crest is a population of mitotically active, multipotent progenitor cells that arise at the neural plate border. Neural crest progenitors must be maintained in a multipotent state until after neural tube closure. However, the molecular underpinnings of this process have yet to be fully elucidated. Here we show that the basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcriptional repressor gene, Xenopus hairy2 (Xhairy2), is an essential early regulator of neural crest formation in Xenopus. During gastrulation, Xhairy2 is localized at the presumptive neural crest prior to the expression of such neural crest markers as Slug and FoxD3. Morpholino‐mediated knockdown of Xhairy2 results in the repression of neural crest marker gene expression while inducing the ectopic expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p27xic1 in the presumptive neural crest. We also found that ectopic p27xic1 disturbs neural crest formation. Furthermore, the depletion of Xhairy2 leads to the apoptosis of mitotic cells. Our results suggest that Xhairy2 functions in neural crest specification by maintaining cells in the mitotic and undifferentiated state. Developmental Dynamics 236:1475–1483, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutritional endoderm in a direct developing frog: A potential parallel to the evolution of the amniote egg
Authors: Buchholz Daniel R. , Singamsetty Srikanth , Karadge Uma , Williamson Sean , Langer Carrie E. , Elinson Richard P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe egg of the direct‐developing frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, has 20× the volume as that of the model amphibian, Xenopus laevis. Increased egg size led to the origin of nutritional endoderm, a novel cell type that provides nutrition but does not differentiate into digestive tract tissues. As the E. coqui endoderm develops, a distinct boundary exists between differentiating intestinal cells and large yolky cells, which persists even when yolk platelets are depleted. The yolky cells do not become tissues of the digestive tract and are lost, as shown by histology and lineage tracing. EcSox17, an endodermal transcriptional factor, did not distinguish these two cell types, however. When cleavage of the yolky cells was inhibited, embryogenesis continued, indicating that some degree of incomplete cleavage can be tolerated. The presence of cellularized nutritional endoderm in E. coqui may parallel changes that occurred in the evolution of the amniote egg 360 million years ago. Developmental Dynamics 236:1259–1272, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drosophila Bcl‐2 proteins participate in stress‐induced apoptosis, but are not required for normal development
Authors: Sevrioukov Evgueni A. , Burr John , Huang Eric W. , Assi Hikmat H. , Monserrate Jessica P. , Purves Dianne C. , Wu Julie N. , Song Eyun J. , Brachmann Carrie Baker 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMany developing tissues require programmed cell death (PCD) for proper formation. In mice and C. elegans, developmental PCD is regulated by the Bcl‐2 family of proteins. Two bcl‐2 genes are encoded in the Drosophila genome (debcl/dBorg1/Drob‐1/dBok and buffy/dBorg2) and previous RNAi‐based studies suggested a requirement for these in embryonic development. However, we report here that, despite the fact that many tissues in fruit flies are shaped by PCD, deletion of the bcl‐2 genes does not perturb normal development. We investigated whether the fly bcl‐2 genes regulate non‐apoptotic processes that require caspases, but found these to be bcl‐2 gene‐independent. However, irradiation of the mutants demonstrates that DNA damage‐induced apoptosis, mediated by Reaper, is blocked by buffy and that debcl is required to inhibit buffy. Our results demonstrate that developmental PCD regulation in the fly does not rely upon the Bcl‐2 proteins, but that they provide an added layer of protection in the apoptotic response to stress. genesis 45:184–193, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced transgenesis by intracytoplasmic injection of envelope‐free lentivirus
Authors: Yang Shang‐Hsun , Agca Yuksel , Cheng Pei‐Hsun , Yang Jin‐Jing , Agca Cansu , Chan Anthony Wing Sang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe demonstrate enhanced transgenesis in mice by intracytoplasmic injection of envelope‐free lentivirus. Envelope‐free lentivirus carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the control of the ubiquitin promoter (LVU‐GFP) was microinjected into the cytoplasm of mouse zygotes prior to embryo transfer. Ninety‐seven percent (31/32) of the adult mice were confirmed transgenic by PCR and Southern blot analysis; all founder mice express GFP when tail snips were examined by fluorescent microscopy prior to genomic DNA extraction. Transgene insertion numbers ranging from 1 to 32 were revealed by Southern blot analysis. Germline transmission was confirmed by the presence of transgene in F1 offspring. As expected, a lower transgenic rate (2.2%; 1/46) resulted when envelope‐free LVU‐GFP was microinjected into the perivitelline space (PVS) because cell recognition followed by membrane fusion between the viral envelope and the target cell is prerequisite for successful infection by envelope viruses. Here we demonstrate the competence of envelope‐free lentivirus in establishing stable gene integration by germline transgenesis in mice at high efficiency, by intracytoplasmic viral injection (INVI) of envelope‐free lentivirus into mouse zygotes. genesis 45:177–183, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative analysis of Hoxa5 allelic series
Authors: Tabariès Sébastien , Lemieux Margot , Aubin Josée , Jeannotte Lucie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAnalysis of the Hoxa5−/− mutants has revealed the critical role of Hoxa5 in survival, specification of axial identity, and ontogeny of organs, including the respiratory tract. The presence of the selection cassette in the original Hoxa5−/− mutation may interfere with the interpretation of the phenotypes. To circumvent this aspect and to bypass the lethality of the Hoxa5 mutation, we have designed a conditional approach and generated Hoxa5 allelic variants. The conditional allele (Hoxa5floxed) behaves as a wild‐type allele. In contrast, both the Hoxa5Δ and the Hoxa5floxneo alleles are characterized by the loss of the functional transcript and protein, the lethality due to lung defects and the skeletal homeotic transformations similar to those of the Hoxa5−/− mutants. Analysis of neighboring Hox gene expression patterns in the Hoxa5 mutants produced further confirmed that the Hoxa5 allelic variants are true null alleles. genesis 45:218–228, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of static magnetic field on cell migration
Authors: Hashimoto Yuichiro , Kawasumi Masashi , Saito Masao 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of a magnetic field on cells has long been investigated, but there are few quantitative investigations of the migration of cells. Cell migration is important as one of the fundamental activities of the cell. This study proposes a method to evaluate quantitatively the cell diffusion constant and the effect of a static magnetic field on cell migration. The cell lines are neuroblastoma (NG108‐15), fibroblastoma (NIH/3T3), and osteoblastoma (MC3T3‐E1). The static magnetic field of 30 or 120 mT is impressed by a permanent magnet in a vertical or horizontal direction to the dish. It is shown that the cell diffusion constant can represent the cell migration as the cell activity. It is found that the cell migration is enhanced by exposure to the magnetic field, depending on the kind of cell. It is conjectured that the static magnetic field affects cell migration, which is downstream of the information transmission. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(2): 46– 52, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20203
Improvement of the E&SS modeling considering phase correction for the field analysis considering two‐dimensional vector magnetic properties
Authors: Urata Shinya , Enokizono Masato , Todaka Takashi , Shimoji Hiroyasu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe two‐dimensional vector magnetic properties are proposed as a method to express the magnetic anisotropy and iron loss precisely by using the relationship between the flux density vector and the magnetic field strength vector. The E&S modeling [6] and the E&SS modeling [7–9] have enabled the representation of the two‐dimensional vector magnetic properties in FEM calculations. However, the calculated flux density waveform at each element has a phase difference depending on the excitation condition. In this paper, we have improved the E&SS modeling to solve the magnetic field problems under any exciting condition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(1): 1–9, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20446
Metabolic differences between Asian and Caucasian patients on clozapine treatment
Authors: Subramaniam Mythily , Ng Chee , Chong Siow‐Ann , Mahendran Rathi , Lambert Tim , Pek Elaine , Huak Chan Yiong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo establish if there are ethnic differences in the various metabolic disturbances that are common with clozapine treatment.MethodForty subjects (20 Asians and 20 Caucasians) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were recruited for the study. Clozapine blood levels as well as fasting blood glucose, lipid levels, and liver function tests were established. Other clinical parameters such as blood pressure and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded for each patient.ResultsThe mean clozapine dose was significantly higher in the Caucasian subjects (432.5 ± 194.7 mg) as compared to the Asian subjects (175.6 ± 106.9 mg) (p < 0.001) while the mean weight‐corrected dose for Asian patients was lower (3.0 ± 1.9 and 5.0 ± 2.1 mg/kg, respectively, p = 0.005). There were, however, no ethnic differences in the mean plasma clozapine concentration (415.3 ± 185.8 ng/ml in Caucasians and 417.1 ± 290.8 ng/ml in Asians). BMI were significantly higher in Caucasians, as were the number of subjects with hypertension; levels of hepatic enzymes were higher in the Asian group.ConclusionsNot only are there pharmacokinetic differences between Asian and Caucasian patients receiving clozapine, but there may also be differential emergence of certain metabolic abnormalities like hypertension and weight gain in these two ethnic groups. However, the effects of life style including diet and exercise cannot be excluded. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Vorinostat, SAHA) profoundly inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Kumagai Takashi , Wakimoto Naoki , Yin Dong , Gery Sigal , Kawamata Norihiko , Takai Noriyuki , Komatsu Naoki , Chumakov Alexy , Imai Yasufumi , Koeffler H.Phillip 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTumor suppressor genes are often silenced in human cancer; this can occur by transcriptional repression by deacetylation in the promoter regions, mediated by histone deacetylase (HDAC). HDAC inhibitors can block cancer cell growth by restoring expression of tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we investigated the effects of a HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on pancreatic cancer cells. SAHA inhibited the growth of 6 pancreatic cancer cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner as measured by MTT and clonogenic assays (ED50 ≈10−6 M) associated with induction of apoptosis, G2 cell cycle arrest and also induced differentiation as indicated by morphology and increased expression of cytokeratin 7. It increased expression of p21WAF1 (independent of the mutational status of p53), C/EBPα, RARα and E‐cadherin; these genes have been associated with decreased proliferation in other cancers. SAHA decreased cyclin B1 expression; this cyclin normally promotes progression through G2 of the cell cycle. SAHA mediated acetylation of histone H3 globally, as well as, associated with the p21WAF1 promoter, as measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation. SAHA also decreased levels of c‐myc and cyclin D1, independent of an active β‐catenin pathway. In further studies, the combination of SAHA and an inhibitor of DNA methylation, 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, had an enhanced antiproliferative effect on pancreatic cancer cells. In summary, SAHA inhibited the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, differentiation and cell cycle arrest, as well as increase in the expression of several tumor suppressor genes. SAHA is a novel, promising therapeutic agent for human pancreatic cancers. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased health care utilization among long‐term cancer survivors compared to the average Dutch population: A population‐based study
Authors: Mols Floortje , Helfenrath Kazimier A. , Vingerhoets Ad J.J.M. , Coebergh Jan Willem W. , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the present study, self‐reported health care utilization of cancer survivors is compared with those of an age‐ and gender‐matched normative population and predictors of health care utilization are identified. A population‐based, cross‐sectional survey among 1893 long‐term survivors of endometrial and prostate cancer and malignant lymphomas (Hodgkin's and non‐Hodgkin's) diagnosed between 1989 and 1998 was conducted using the cancer registry of the Comprehensive Cancer Centre South. Cancer survivors visited their general practitioner somewhat more often compared to the age and gender‐matched general Dutch population but this effect was not always statistically significant. In addition, they visited their medical specialist significantly more often. Survivors only sporadically (0–3%) visited or required a dietician, sexologist, oncology nurse, pastor, creative therapy or recovery program. Contact with a psychologist, physiotherapist and other cancer survivors took place somewhat more often. Patients visited a medical specialist less often if they were diagnosed with endometrial cancer (OR = 0.2; 95% CI = 0.1–0.5), if they were diagnosed between 10–15 years ago (OR = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.1–0.5) and if they were not married or divorced (OR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3–0.9). Contact with a psychologist was related to having a university or college degree (OR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.3–9.4). Cancer survivors visited their specialist more often compared to the normative population. Changes in health care, such as less administrative work for the specialist and more efficiency, are probably necessary in order to cope adequately with the increasing demand on the system. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homeobox gene HOP has a potential tumor suppressive activity in human lung cancer
Authors: Chen Yuan , Pacyna‐Gengelbach Manuela , Deutschmann Nicole , Niesporek Silvia , Petersen Iver 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe homeobox containing gene HOP (Homeodomain Only Protein) was identified in the developing heart and lung where it functions downstream of Nkx2.5 and Nkx2.1 to modulate cardiac and lung gene expression. Previously, we found that HOP was downregulated in lung cancer. In this study, we constructed an expression vector containing the full‐length cDNA of HOP and transfected it into a lung cancer cell line H2170. Stable transfection led to an increased expression of HOP confirmed by Northern blot analysis. HOP positive transfectants remarkably reduced the growth rate and the ability of anchorage‐independent growth in soft agar, and moreover suppressed the tumor formation in nude mice compared to controls. Transient transfection of Nkx2.1 into H2170 resulted in the overexpression of HOP, and correspondingly, siRNA silencing of Nkx2.1 reduced the expression of HOP in lung cancer cells. Treatment with a differentiation modulating agent 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) led to restoration of HOP expression in a small cell lung cancer cell line H526. In 29 paired primary lung tumor samples, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was performed by using the 3 microsatellite markers D4S189, D4S231 and D4S392 around the region of chromosome 4q12 where HOP locates. LOH was only found in 4 out 23 cases (17.4%) indicating that allelic loss is a rare genetic event not responsible for the downregulation of HOP in lung cancer. Taken together, our data suggest that HOP is a potential tumor suppressor possibly involved in lung cancer differentiation, and functions downstream of Nkx2.1. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pseudolymphoma of the liver: Sonographic findings and review of the literature
Authors: Matsumoto Naoki , Ogawa Masahiro , Kawabata Machiko , Tohne Risa , Hiroi Yoshikazu , Furuta Takeshige , Yamamoto Toshiki , Gotoh Iori , Ishiwata Hirotoshi , Ono Yoshiki , Arakawa Yasuyuki , Kinukawa Noriko 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe report a case of hepatic pseudolymphoma in a 67‐year‐old woman that was detected during an abdominal sonography screening. The lesion was further evaluated using CT, MRI, angiography, and contrast‐enhanced sonography. The imaging features of this tumor are discussed herein. The diagnosis of pseudolymphoma was achieved via sonographically guided biopsy. The lesion regressed completely within 1 year. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Unusual maternal vasculature in the placental periphery leading to the diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy at 25 weeks' gestation
Authors: Sherer David M. , Dalloul Mudar , Gorelick Constantine , Kheyman Mila , Abdelmalek Ehab , Zinn Harry L. , Abulafia Ovadia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAbdominal pregnancy is a rare condition in which the fetus and placenta are located within the peritoneal cavity. Sonographic findings include visualization of the fetus separate from the uterus, failure to visualize the uterine wall between the fetus and urinary bladder, close approximation of fetal parts to the maternal abdominal wall, eccentric position or abnormal fetal attitude, and visualization of extrauterine placental tissue. We present an unusual case in which mid‐trimester transabdominal color Doppler sonographic findings depicted unusual maternal vasculature in the placental periphery leading to the diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy. Postpartum maternal angiography confirmed these vessels as abnormal maternal arterial perfusion of the extrauterine placenta emanating from the uterine arteries and inferior epigastric arteries. Systematic review of the literature confirms that this is the first report of such sonographic manifestations of an abdominal pregnancy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Retaining maximum antioxidative potency of wheat germ oil refined by molecular distillation
Authors: Martinello Miriam A , Villegas Mauro , Pramparo Maria del C 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA process of physical refining wheat germ oil using the technique of molecular distillation (MD) is presented in this work. Wheat germ oil was obtained from the germ by solvent extraction using hexane and also by cold pressing. The oil extracted with hexane was degummed and bleached before deacidification in order to modify the parameters of phosphorus and color. The goal in carrying out the stage of physical refining by MD was to preserve the maximum amount of original antioxidative potential obtained from extraction of the crude oil. The effect of evaporation temperature of one‐stage MD on the efficiency of free fatty acid elimination was studied. The antioxidant portion was followed by means of analytic determination of tocopherols by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Tocopherol retention up to 98% was achieved in the oil extracted by pressing, and yields of up to 96% were achieved in the oil extracted with hexane. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Stress Levels and Health Status of Victims of a Natural Disaster
Authors: Murphy Shirley A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBereaved, property loss, and control groups (N = 155) were compared 11 months after the volcanic eruption of Mt. St. Helens using standardized instruments and structured interviews. It was hypothesized that the greater the loss the greater the stress and the poorer the health. Bereaved subjects reported significantly higher levels of stress and lower levels of mental health, but not physical health. Persons who lost their permanent homes reported high rates of stress, but did not report significantly higher levels of depression, somatization, or poorer physical health. Conceptual and methodological implications are discussed.