bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coelobiontic communities in neptunian fissures of synsedimentary tectonic origin in Permian reef, southern Urals, Russia
Authors: Vennin Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Sedimentary dykes in the Permian reef complexes of the Russian platform are well preserved and important in providing information about reef growth, the reef biota and, particularly, cavity-dwelling organisms and sediment sources. Two main fissure assemblages are recognized with N80° and N170° (late Asselian-early Sakmarian) and N130°–140° and N60° (Sakmarian-Artinskian) orientations. These contemporaneous orthogonal dyke sets present orientations corresponding to the regional tectonic fabric and a tectonic origin for fracturing associated with the foreland basin development. The largest dykes record eight lithofacies and several stages of fracture opening. Stromatoids and centimetre-thick deposits of peloidal grainstones-packstones (thromboids), which form
in situ
within microbial laminae on the fissure walls, preceded filling by skeletal and terrigenous sediments. The fissures contain a well-preserved biota similar to the Lower Permian cavity-dwelling organisms observed within the reef. The coelobiontic habitat was episodically enlarged by successive synsedimentary fracturing episodes reflecting several phases of encrustation and infill of recurrent lithofacies. The pioneer microbialites grew when nothing else was deposited in the fissures immediately after fracturing. Gastropods and ostracods occur as dense clusters, probably indicating
in situ
growth, or are considered as reworked material from the subsurface. Others organisms, such as crinoids, bryozoans,
Tubiphytes
, conodonts, brachiopods, ammonoids and spiculate sponges, are also found within fractures as reworked shells and skeletons, indicating that they were washed in from the overlying sea floor. The biota in the dykes is mainly represented by the dweller guilds living on the reef surface, whereas members of the binding and frame-building guilds are poorly represented. The dykes formed during reef development and the last stage of argillaceous wackestone sedimentation within the fractures is related to a major flooding event corresponding to upper Artinskian drowning of the Russian platform. Biostratigraphically significant fossils in the dykes date the ages of the host rock and of the fissure formation and filling from late Asselian to upper Artinskian. The Tratau reef thus provides an instructive example of the interaction between carbonate accumulation and tectonic events.
Late Permian limestones and the Permain-Triassic boundary:new biostratigraphic, palaeobiogeographical and geochemical data in Caucasus and eastern Europe
Authors: Théry J. M. , Vachard D. , Dransart E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents biostratigraphical and palaeogeographical correlations, in a post-Hercynian and pre-Cimmerian tectonic framework, between stratigraphic sections of Late Permian age in two important and remote areas, with some considerations concerning neighbouring countries. It concerns mainly the Nikitin sequence (Kuban, Russia) and the Bükk Mountains (Hungary), and describes the carbonate environments, microfauna diversity, foraminiferal assemblages, calcisponge and brachiopod constructions, and gymnocodiacean accumulations. This study is extended to former Transcaucasia (southern Armenia, Georgia and Adzerbadjan), the Alborz Belt in northern Iran, Italy and the Carnic Alps. It emphasizes a relatively simple biosedimentary evolution, which permits a confident palaeogeographic reconstruction. New geochemical results provided some additional markers, in particular small microspherules consisting of Cr/Ni spinels of cosmic origin. They occur in several sections in a defined position at the Permian-Triassic boundary based on biostratigraphic correlations (conodonts, foraminifers, last Permian reefal phenomena). These geochemical data might be related to a possible meteorite impact, Nevertheless, another global alternative phenomenon occurs. From the Latest Permian to the Earliest Triassic, the carbonate production or biomineralization is preferentially concentrated in the confined, intertidal or lagunal zones, and its evolution is relatively progressive from gymnocodiacean accumulations of the Latest Permian to the microbialites of the Earliest Triassic.
Bottom-current reworked Palaeocene-Eocene deep-water reservoirs of the Campos Basin, Brazil
Authors: Moraes Marco A. S. , Maciel Walter B. , Braga Mario Sérgio S. , Viana Adriano R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Deep-water reservoirs consisting of turbiditic sandstones moderately to heavily reworked by bottom currents are common in canyon- and trough-filling deep-water (bathyal) Palaeocene—Eocene sequences of the Campos Basin, offshore southeastern Brazil. A number of wells with conventional logs, together with cores, provided the database for the study. Seismic data provide additional support, but low resolution and noise hamper detailed analysis. The sandstones presenting better reservoir quality in these sequences are interpreted as being deposited by turbidity currents, as suggested by the dominance of unstratified normally graded sandstones, with grain sizes ranging from fine to coarse sand, and low clay-matrix content. Sandstones interpreted as bottom-current deposits (mid-water contourites) form poor-quality reservoirs, or baffles and barriers. These rocks are commonly moderately to heavily bioturbated, with variable, frequently high, clay-matrix content. Common trace fossils include
Planolites, Palaeophycus
and
Zoophycos
. Locally, these sandstones show faint horizontal stratification and planar cross-stratification. Contourites with thickness ranging from a few decimetres to several metres occur intercalated with turbiditic sandstones. Because they present distinct reservoir qualities, the mapping of the limits between turbidites and contourites is critical for adequate reservoir characterization. Most of this mapping has been performed using well information, constrained by outcrop analogues. The currents responsible for reworking turbiditic sands are interpreted to be deviated geostrophic currents, with velocity enhanced in narrow canyons and troughs.
Slope currents and contourites in an eastern boundary current regime: California Continental Borderland
Authors: Robinson Rebecca S. , Murillo de Nava Janette M. , Gorsline Donn S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAnalysis of piston cores from lower slopes of central and outer basins of the California Continental Borderland shows the presence of structures ranging from starved silt ripples and lenses to erosion surfaces and truncated burrows to cross-bedded units that testify to reworking of the sediments by bottom currents. Adjacent basin-floor piston cores do not reveal these structures, but exhibit the usual bioturbated hemipelagic mud and turbidites. Slope sediments generally contain more silt than the adjacent basin-floor clay silts. The slope grain-size distributions are multimodal as a result of mixing of hemipelagic mud and thin (millimetre scale) silt layers as a consequence of the sampling intervals at centimetre scale. Carbonate and organic carbon contents tend to be low during the glacial periods but variations from this pattern occur that are probably related to the shift in the upwelling associated with the California Counter Current between inter-glacial and glacial conditions. The evidence for reworking is most abundant from late in Marine Isotope Stage 5 (MIS 5) to early Stage 4 (MIS 4), and it decreases into the Holocene. No structures are observed in the Holocene sections of the slope cores. The temporal distribution of the reworking structures can be explained either by changes in the degree of bioturbation (bottom-water oxygenation), which would work to erase the structures, or variation in the intensity of lower slope circulation through time. The observed pattern is in rough agreement with documented changes in bottom-water oxygenation conditions for these basins. However, the occurrence of reworking is also dominantly within glacial intervals, where lower sea levels produce stronger circulation within the basins as a result of exposure of banks and resulting restriction of cross-sections of the deeper flow pathways. These observations add to the increasing evidence that sediment transport by bottom currents is not restricted to the intensively studied western boundary current drift deposits. The action of bottom currents on eastern boundary slopes can introduce subtle effects on what are commonly assumed to be continuous records.
Pelagic carbonate ooze reworked by bottom currents during Devonian approach of the continents Gondwana and Laurussia
Authors: Hüneke Heiko 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Givetian and lower Frasnian carbonates of pelagic carbonate-platform and distal slope-apron settings in the Harz Mountains of Germany (Herzyn Limestone Formation), the eastern Moroccan Central Massif (Ziar-Mrirt Nappe), and the Carnic Alps in Austria-Italy (Valentin and Pal Limestone Formation) show strong evidence for bottom-current activity during deposition. Calcarenites, laminated calcisiltites, and mottled calcisiltites and calcilutites can be distinguished, which are similar to recent calcareous bioclastic contourites. They combine faint structures caused by current action with pervasive bioturbation. Calcarenites are mostly represented by styliolinid grainstones to packstones with rarely preserved parallel lamination and ripple cross-lamination. Laminated calcisiltites are particularly rich in non-carbonate components with a higher density than calcite such as conodonts and phosphatic intraclasts. Relics of coarsening-upward to fining-upward micro-sequences a few centimetres thick are preserved in the Moroccan record. Erosional surfaces, hardgrounds and condensed phosphates are more typical of the Harz Mountains and the Carnic Alps. The bottom-current influenced facies build up strongly condensed and reduced sequences that occur at the same stratigraphic interval in different areas of central Europe and NW Africa. Variations in rate of accumulation, magnitude of erosion and microfacies, which are found across the three regions, are compatible with a contourite interpretation. The widespread current-induced reworking of calcareous sediments and phosphate formation during the Givetian and early Frasnian as well as the associated erosion marked by pronounced hiatuses all signal a major palaeocirculation event. Thermohaline currents were intensified by the acceleration of flows constricted in narrow oceanic passages between the approaching continental plates Laurussia and Gondwana. Areas affected were the southeastern Rhenish Sea shelf, which occupied the distal passive margin of Laurussia, the disintegrated northern continental margin of Gondwana, whose sedimentary record is now preserved in the Moroccan Meseta, and deep marginal plateaux of the Noric Terrane in the western part of the Prototethys. Thus, the occurrence of fossil calcareous contourites confirms a very advanced convergence between Gondwana and Laurussia and the minor terranes between during Middle and Late Devonian times.
Hydrodynamic modelling of bottom currents and sediment transport in the Canyon São Tomé (Brazil)
Authors: Lima José A. M. , Moller Osmar O. , Viana Adriano R. , Piovesan Rafael 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This study presents the hydrodynamic modelling of ocean currents along the Canyon São Tomé, Campos Basin, Brazil, and their impact on sediment transport. The objective is to develop a tool to simulate the interaction between bottom currents and the submarine physiography, and to depict the relative importance of any individual current forcing mechanism as a sediment-reworking agent. This paper presents the evolution of along-channel currents over a tidal cycle and the simulation of a turbidity current. The resultant sediment transport under the combination of turbidity and oceanic currents is also simulated. This model is a step forward towards the understanding of the geometric and textural modifications imposed by bottom currents upon gravity-driven deposits, which is of great importance for the oil industry.
Prevention of pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery by preoperative intensive inspiratory muscle training: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Dronkers Jaap , Veldman André , Hoberg Ellen , van der Waal Cees , van Meeteren Nico 
Published: December 2007

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and effects of preoperative inspiratory muscle training on the incidence of atelectasis in patients at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications scheduled for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Design: Single-blind randomized controlled pilot study. Setting: Gelderse Vallei Hospital Ede, the Netherlands. Subjects: Twenty high-risk patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery were randomly assigned to receive preoperative inspiratory muscle training or usual care. Main measures: Effectiveness outcome variables were atelectasis, inspiratory muscle strength and vital capacity, and feasibility outcome variables were adverse effects and patient satisfaction with inspiratory muscle training. Results: Despite randomization, patients in the intervention group were significantly older than the patients in the control group (70 ± 6 years versus 59 ± 6 years, respectively; P = 0.001). Eight patients in the control group and three in the intervention group developed atelectasis (P = 0.07). The median duration of atelectasis was 0 days in the intervention group and 1.5 days in the control group (P = 0.07). No adverse effects of preoperative inspiratory muscle training were observed and patients considered that inspiratory muscle training was a good preparation for surgery. Mean postoperative inspiratory pressure was 10% higher in the intervention group. Conclusion: Preoperative inspiratory muscle training is well tolerated and appreciated and seems to reduce the incidence of atelectasis in patients scheduled for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.
Treadmill training for ataxic patients: a single-subject experimental design
Authors: Vaz Daniela Virgínia , Schettino Renata de Carvalho , Rolla de Castro Teresa Regina , Teixeira Valéria Reis , Cavalcanti Furtado Sheyla Rossana , de Mello Figueiredo Elyonara 
Published: December 2007

Objective: To investigate changes in gait quality, balance and mobility associated with treadmill training for ataxic individuals. Design: Single-subject ABA design. Baseline phases (A) lasted three weeks and intervention (B) lasted four weeks. Setting: University rehabilitation clinic. Subjects: A woman (25 years) and a man (53 years) with chronic ataxia due to head trauma. Intervention: Three 20-minute treadmill training sessions each week with progression in velocity and step length. Main measures: Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment, Timed Up and Go, time to complete a balance task, walking speed, cadence, and stride length assessments three times a week during the 10 weeks. Data were analysed with the celeration line technique and two standard deviation band. Results: Both individuals demonstrated gains in all parameters over initial baseline and subsequent phases, with performance increases ranging from 26% to 233% when first and last assessments were compared. Significantly superior effects of treadmill training over baseline conditions on cadence were detected (P<0.05). Gains in walking speed were not significantly better during intervention, but intervention withdrawal produced deceleration of performance gains. Gains in Timed Up and Go, step length and balance were not consistent and were possibly caused by a learning effect of the association between repeated testing and treadmill training. Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment gains reached significance only for subject 2 (P<0.05), probably because of increased variability of performance of subject 1. Results suggest that the association between repeated testing and treadmill training might have been responsible for the observed gains in the two ataxic patients.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastric aspiration in lung transplant patients with or without chronic rejection
Authors: Blondeau K. , Mertens V. , Vanaudenaerde B. A. , Verleden G. M. , Van Raemdonck D. E. , Sifrim D. , Dupont L. J. 
Published: December 2007

Acid gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and gastric aspiration have been labelled as risk factors for chronic rejection bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation (LTx). The present study aimed to further characterise GOR (both acid and nonacid) and the degree of gastric aspiration in LTx recipients both with and without BOS.Impedance-pH recordings were used for GOR detection. Pepsin and bile acid levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).A total of 48% of patients had increased GOR, of which 27% had exclusively increased nonacid reflux. Cystic fibrosis patients had the highest prevalence of GOR. Pepsin was found in BALF of all patients and bile acids in BALF of 50% of the patients. Patients with BOS had neither increased GOR nor elevated pepsin in BALF. However, 70% of the patients with BOS had bile in BALF compared with 31% of stable patients. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment reduced acid reflux but did not affect nonacid reflux. Moreover, pepsin and bile levels in BALF were not reduced by PPI.One-half of the lung transplant patients had increased reflux, and nonacid reflux was common. Gastric aspiration occurred in most lung transplant patients. Pepsin was a more general marker and bile acids a more specific marker that might be associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Proton pump inhibitor treatment did not prevent nonacid reflux and gastric aspiration.
Gene expression analysis reveals early changes in several molecular pathways in cerebral malaria-susceptible mice versus cerebral malaria-resistant mice
Authors: Delahaye Nicolas F , Coltel Nicolas , Puthier Denis , Barbier Mathieu , Benech Philippe , Joly Florence , Iraqi Fuad A , Grau Georges E , Nguyen Catherine , Rihet Pascal 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundMicroarray analyses allow the identification and assessment of molecular signatures in whole tissues undergoing pathological processes. To better understand cerebral malaria pathogenesis, we investigated intra-cerebral gene-expression profiles in well-defined genetically cerebral malaria-resistant (CM-R) and CM-susceptible (CM-S) mice, upon infection byPlasmodium bergheiANKA (PbA). We investigated mouse transcriptional responses at early and late stages of infection by use of cDNA microarrays.ResultsThrough a rigorous statistical approach with multiple testing corrections, we showed that PbA significantly altered brain gene expression in CM-R (BALB/c), and in CM-S (CBA/J and C57BL/6) mice, and that 327 genes discriminated between early and late infection stages, between mouse strains, and between CM-R and CM-S mice. We further identified 104, 56, 84 genes with significant differential expression between CM-R and CM-S mice on days 2, 5, and 7 respectively. The analysis of their functional annotation indicates that genes involved in metabolic energy pathways, the inflammatory response, and the neuroprotection/neurotoxicity balance play a major role in cerebral malaria pathogenesis. In addition, our data suggest that cerebral malaria and Alzheimer's disease may share some common mechanisms of pathogenesis, as illustrated by the accumulation of β-amyloid proteins in brains of CM-S mice, but not of CM-R mice.ConclusionOur microarray analysis highlighted marked changes in several molecular pathways in CM-S compared to CM-R mice, particularly at early stages of infection. This study revealed some promising areas for exploration that may both provide new insight into the knowledge of CM pathogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Application of optimal preview control to speed-tracking of road vehicles
Authors: Sharp R S 
Published: December 2007

Previous research on the application of optimal linear preview control to road vehicle steering is now extended to deal with speed-profile tracking as opposed to path tracking. After a brief review of the existing theory, a simple trolley model and a more elaborate but planar multi-body car model are described. The equilibrium or trim states of the simple trolley are trivial but those for the car need to be found through simulation, for the purpose of obtaining a linear, small-perturbation model, to which the control theory can be applied. Such a linear model for small-perturbations from any trim state is used for the linear optimal control computations. It is shown how the speed-tracking problem can be put into optimal linear preview control form and controls are derived and shown as functions of speed and control authority or tightness. As established in previous work, the optimal controls are demonstrated to have state-feedback and preview parts. Diminishing returns for additional preview of the speed-demand are obtained, reinforcing the notion that only finite preview is needed for full system performance. The preview needs of representative systems are found. For very tight control, the necessary preview is short but a wide range of behaviours is possible, depending on the balance between tracking precision and control power. In this instance, control power means engine power. Frequency responses of some optimally controlled systems are calculated and near-perfect speed-tracking is demonstrated for suitably band-limited and amplitude-limited demands. A simulation study shows the car motions in tracking a speed-profile of sinusoidal form.
Semiochemicals for insect pest management
Authors: Norin Torbjörn 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Methods for crop protection based on semiochemicals show advantages over methods based on conventional insecticides. Applications of semiochemicals for insect pest management have, however, been limited. Some recent studies carried out in an interdisciplinary research program by five research groups in Sweden are presented. In spite of the chemodiversity in nature, it is striking that many simple and common compounds are important as chemical signals. This paper focuses on some examples of such simple signals, which are now used for monitoring and suppression of pest insects.
Synthesis and biological relevance of N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharides
Authors: El Ashry El Sayed H. , Aly Mohamed R. E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The structural diversity as well as the biological significance of N-acetylglucosamine-containing glycans are exemplified. The problem of forming the respective glycosidic bonds of synthetic targets is addressed. Special emphasis has been given to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), in view of their biological relevance, and synthetic approaches of selected examples are reported.