bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of EEG Myogenic Artifact with Botulinum Toxin during Video‐EEG Monitoring
Authors: Grant Arthur C. , Hermanowicz Neal 
Published: January 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To determine whether EEG myogenic artifact during video‐EEG monitoring (VEM) is reduced with targeted scalp botulinum toxin (BTX‐A) injections. Methods: Twelve consecutive patients scheduled for presurgical VEM were treated 2–3 weeks before admission with subcutaneous BTX‐A injections at specific EEG electrode locations. On the basis of clinical data available before VEM, four subjects were treated unilaterally (group 1) and eight bilaterally (group 2). BTX‐A efficacy was assessed quantitatively in group 1 subjects by comparing high‐frequency (20–100 Hz) power at homologous “treated” and “untreated” electrodes during voluntary forceful jaw closure. The clinical impact of BTX‐A treatment was assessed by determining whether ≥5 of the first 10 s of each ictal recording was obscured by muscle artifact, and whether residual myogenic artifact on BTX‐A–“treated” electrodes rendered these ictal EEG segments impossible to interpret. Results: BTX‐A treatment reduced high‐frequency power by a mean of 53% at electrodes T3/T4 and 52% at electrodes F7/F8. None of 49 ictal EEGs had ≥5 of the first 10 s obscured by myogenic artifact, and all of these ictal epochs were interpretable. Adverse events were limited to two subjects who complained of transient difficulty chewing tough foods. Conclusions: Scalp‐muscle BTX‐A treatment before VEM significantly reduces myogenic artifact in subsequent EEG recordings, including ictal EEG. The clinical utility of this technique for improved or more‐rapid seizure localization will be determined only by large, blinded, prospective trials.
A possible role for the production of multiple HLA antibodies in fatal platelet transfusion refractoriness after peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation from the mother in a patient with relapsed leukemia
Authors: Nakazawa Yozo , Saito Satoshi , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Yanagisawa Ryu , Sakashita Kazuo , Kamijo Takehiko , Miyazaki Toru , Sato Shinichiro , Ikeda Hisami , Ikebuchi Kenji , Koike Kenichi 
Published: January 2007

BACKGROUND: There has been controversy over whether HLA alloimmunization is a risk factor for platelet (PLT) transfusion refractoriness (PTR) in hematopoietic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (HPBPCT).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Reported here is a boy with relapsed leukemia who developed fatal PTR after a peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPCT) as a second HPBPCT from his mother. To elucidate the cause of PTR, a single‐antigen assay (FlowPRA, One Lambda), a magnetic particles mixed passive hemagglutination test, and anti‐human immunoglobulin‐lymphocyte cytotoxicity test were performed on serum samples of the patient and his mother.RESULTS: Although HLA Class I antibodies were absent in his serum sample before HPBPCT, the serum sample after the first bone marrow transplantation (BMT) reacted weakly with beads coated with multiple HLA Class I molecules. After PBPCT, the positive reaction markedly increased. Although HLA‐B44 antibody emerged transiently after BMT, the apparent generation of antibodies against HLA‐A2 and ‐A24 as well as HLA‐B44 occurred after PBPCT. The continuous appearance of HLA Class I antibodies coincided with the duration of marked PTR after PBPCT. The patient, however, had no antibodies against PLT‐specific glycoproteins. Unidentified HLA Class I–reactive antibodies were detected in maternal serum sample.CONCLUSION: Although the patient appeared to be immunized to allogeneic HLA Class I molecules after BMT, profound HLA alloimmunization might have occurred after PBPCT in this case. It is possible that the administration of large numbers of immunocompetent cells sensitive to alloantigens at PBPCT causes the aberrant and persistent production of the HLA Class I antibodies.
Characterization of a cDNA encoding a putative chitinase from teratocytes of the endoparasitoidToxoneuron nigriceps
Authors: Cônsoli Fernando L. , Lewis Danielle , Keeley Larry , Vinson S. Bradleigh 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFemales of insect endoparasitoids inject substances along with the egg at oviposition, which can regulate or induce changes in a number of host physiological processes to benefit the developing parasitoid. These changes can be caused by substances such as venoms, calyx fluids, or symbiotic‐associated virus particles (polydnavirus), which are injected by females along with their eggs, and by substances secreted by parasitoid‐derived tissues (teratocytes) or the developing parasitoid larvae. Teratocytes (dissociated cells of the serosal membrane after parasitoid eclosion) release substances that have roles (i) in parasitoid nutrition, (ii) in the digestion of host tissues, and (iii) in the regulation of host development. Teratocytes ofToxoneuron nigriceps(Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) have been implicated in the arrestment of the host development and in the regulation of circulating levels of host ecdysteroids. Here we describe the cDNA of a teratocyte‐secreted chitinase and its expression during parasitoid development, and discuss its putative role in this host–parasitoid association.
The case for long‐acting antipsychotic agents in the post‐CATIE era
Authors: Nasrallah H. A. 
Published: January 2007

Objective:  Long‐acting antipsychotic agents were developed to promote treatment compliance in patients requiring maintenance treatment for schizophrenia.Method:  An analysis of the impact of non‐compliance on treatment outcomes in schizophrenia and the advantages and disadvantages of long‐acting antipsychotics.Results:  Partial or total non‐compliance with oral antipsychotics remains widespread and is associated with significant increases in the risk of relapse, rehospitalization, progressive brain tissue loss and further functional deterioration. Long‐acting agents have the potential to address issues of all‐cause discontinuation and poor compliance. The development of the first long‐acting atypical antipsychotic, which appears to be effective and well tolerated, should further improve the long‐term management of schizophrenia.Conclusion:  Long‐acting agents represent a valuable tool for the management of schizophrenia and merit wider use, especially in light of emerging literature regarding the neuroprotective advantages of atypical antipsychotics over conventional agents in terms of regenerating brain tissue during maintenance therapy.
A computer‐controlled system for generation of chemical vapours in in vitro dermal uptake studies
Authors: Rauma Matias , Johanson Gunnar 
Published: January 2007

Background/aims: Recent work in our laboratory suggests that dermal absorption and desorption of volatile chemicals may be assessed in vitro by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), i.e. by passing chemical vapour over a piece of skin while recording the weight increase at constant temperature and humidity. This paper describes a high‐precision automated vapour‐generating system for use with the TGA equipment.Methods and results: The system consists of computer‐controlled magnetic valves and mass flow meters that split and redirect a flow of pure, dry air through different stainless‐steel gas wash bottles thermostated to 25.00±0.05°C. Each wash bottle is filled with a neat volatile chemical and designed so that the air leaving reaches 100% saturation within seconds, as shown with cyclohexanone. The air leaving the wash bottles are combined and directed via stainless‐steel liners to the skin piece in the TGA chamber. The liners are heated to 30°C to prevent condensation of water or chemical. Special computer software was developed to allow automatic runs with different wash bottles (chemicals) and air flows over several days. A number of measurements were made to characterize the stability and reproducibility of the vapour‐generating system.Conclusions: We have developed a computer‐controlled vapour‐generating system for use in measurements of dermal absorption of chemicals by thermal gravimetry. The system has high stability and reproducibility and produces little noise.
Allergy patch test reading from photographic images: disagreement on ICDRG grading but agreement on simplified tripartite reading
Authors: Ivens U. , Serup J. , O'goshi K. 
Published: January 2007

Background/aims: The International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) system for clinical scoring of allergic patch test reactions is well established in clinical dermatology for detailed scoring of allergic reactions. The degree of redness and the presence of swelling, papules, vesicles and bullae are assessed based on visual examination and palpation of reactions. In photographic assessment used in research and tele‐dermatology, the scoring is solely based on visual examination of photos. The aim of the study was to evaluate inter‐expert variation in patch test reading using photographic images, with ICDRG reading as a reference.Material and methods: Five experienced senior dermatologists each scored 55 positive patch test reactions from 16 slides in an office environment. The slides showed pictures of patch tests with different allergens. The scoring system by ICDRG with six categories for scoring was used.Results: The five dermatologists performed the scoring very differently. When the scoring system was simplified to a tripartite scoring system, the scoring was performed almost similarly by the five clinicians.Conclusion: Based on the present results, it is proposed that the number of scoring categories should be minimized and simplified into negative (including doubtful) reactions, positive reactions and irritant reactions. Such simplified tripartite reading is proposed for research purposes and for tele‐dermatology, when scoring is based on photographic images.
Multiobjective Analysis of a Public Wellfield Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Coppola Emery A. , Szidarovszky Ferenc , Davis Donald , Spayd Steven , Poulton Mary M. , Roman Eric 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAs competition for increasingly scarce ground water resources grows, many decision makers may come to rely upon rigorous multiobjective techniques to help identify appropriate and defensible policies, particularly when disparate stakeholder groups are involved. In this study, decision analysis was conducted on a public water supply wellfield to balance water supply needs with well vulnerability to contamination from a nearby ground water contaminant plume. With few alternative water sources, decision makers must balance the conflicting objectives of maximizing water supply volume from noncontaminated wells while minimizing their vulnerability to contamination from the plume. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed with simulation data from a numerical ground water flow model developed for the study area. The ANN‐derived state transition equations were embedded into a multiobjective optimization model, from which the Pareto frontier or trade‐off curve between water supply and wellfield vulnerability was identified. Relative preference values and power factors were assigned to the three stakeholders, namely the company whose waste contaminated the aquifer, the community supplied by the wells, and the water utility company that owns and operates the wells. A compromise pumping policy that effectively balances the two conflicting objectives in accordance with the preferences of the three stakeholder groups was then identified using various distance‐based methods.
Satellite-Based Actual Evapotranspiration over Drying Semiarid Terrain in West Africa
Authors: Schüttemeyer D. , Schillings Ch , Moene A. F. , de Bruin H. A. R. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
A simple satellite-based algorithm for estimating actual evaporation based on Makkink’s equation is applied to a seasonal cycle in 2002 at three test sites in Ghana, West Africa: at a location in the humid tropical southern region and two in the drier northern region. The required input for the algorithm is incoming solar radiation, air temperature at standard level, and the green-vegetation fraction. These data are obtained from Meteorological Satellite (Meteosat) and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images. The observation period includes the rapid wet-to-dry transition after the wet season. Incoming solar radiation and air temperature are validated against local measurements at the three sites. It is found that the incoming solar radiation obtained from Meteosat corresponds well with the measurements. For air temperature from Meteosat data, the diurnal cycle is realistically reproduced but is in need of a bias correction. The algorithm output is compared with the evapotranspiration data obtained from hourly large-aperture scintillometer observations and simultaneous “in situ” measurements of net radiation and soil heat flux. It is found that the actual evapotranspiration can be monitored using the modified Makkink method, with daily mean errors of between 5% and 35% of measured evapotranspiration and a seasonal error smaller than 5%. Furthermore, it appears that the algorithm realistically describes the daily cycle of evapotranspiration.
Highly Organized Phthalocyanine Assembly onto Gold Surface through Spontaneous Polymerization
Authors: Ishikawa Masaaki , Fujiki Michiya , Naito Masanobu 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Soluble μ-dihydroxysilicon-tetra-t-butylphthalocyanine was immobilized onto OH-coated gold surface. The phthalocyanine was immobilized in a sigmoidal manner with two threshold times, and the process was successfully analyzed with QCM and AFM studies. UV–vis studies indicated the highly organized polymer structure deposited onto the surface.
The Genetic Structure ofDrosophila ananassaePopulations From Asia, Australia and Samoa
Authors: Schug Malcolm D , Smith Shelly G , Tozier-Pearce Allison , McEvey Shane F 
Published: January 2007

AbstractInformation about genetic structure and historical demography of natural populations is central to understanding how natural selection changes genomes. Drosophila ananassae is a widespread species occurring in geographically isolated or partially isolated populations and provides a unique opportunity to investigate population structure and molecular variation. We assayed microsatellite repeat-length variation among 13 populations of D. ananassae to assess the level of structure among the populations and to make inferences about their ancestry and historic biogeography. High levels of genetic structure are apparent among all populations, particularly in Australasia and the South Pacific, and patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that the ancestral populations are from Southeast Asia. Analysis of population structure and use of F-statistics and Bayesian analysis suggest that the range expansion of the species into the Pacific is complex, with multiple colonization events evident in some populations represented by lineages that show no evidence of recent admixture. The demographic patterns show isolation by distance among populations and population expansion within all populations. A morphologically distinct sister species, D. pallidosa, collected in Malololelei, Samoa, appears to be more closely related to some of the D. ananassae populations than many of the D. ananassae populations are to one another. The patterns of genotypic diversity suggest that many of the individuals that we sampled may be morphologically indistinguishable nascent species.
Glucose-Responsive Regulators of Gene Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Function at the Nuclear Periphery via a Reverse Recruitment Mechanism
Authors: Sarma Nayan J , Haley Terry M , Barbara Kellie E , Buford Thomas D , Willis Kristine A , Santangelo George M 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Regulation of gene transcription is a key feature of developmental, homeostatic, and oncogenic processes. The reverse recruitment model of transcriptional control postulates that eukaryotic genes become active by moving to contact transcription factories at nuclear substructures; our previous work showed that at least some of these factories are tethered to nuclear pores. We demonstrate here that the nuclear periphery is the site of key events in the regulation of glucose-repressed genes, which together compose one-sixth of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. We also show that the canonical glucose-repressed gene SUC2 associates tightly with the nuclear periphery when transcriptionally active but is highly mobile when repressed. Strikingly, SUC2 is both derepressed and confined to the nuclear rim in mutant cells where the Mig1 repressor is nuclear but not perinuclear. Upon derepression all three subunits (α, β, and γ) of the positively acting Snf1 kinase complex localize to the nuclear periphery, resulting in phosphorylation of Mig1 and its export to the cytoplasm. Reverse recruitment therefore appears to explain a fundamental pathway of eukaryotic gene regulation.
Point Mutations in the Stem Region and the Fourth AAA Domain of Cytoplasmic Dynein Heavy Chain Partially Suppress the Phenotype of NUDF/LIS1 Loss in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Zhuang Lei , Zhang Jun , Xiang Xin 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein performs multiple cellular tasks but its regulation remains unclear. The dynein heavy chain has a N-terminal stem that binds to other subunits and a C-terminal motor unit that contains six AAA (ATPase associated with cellular activities) domains and a microtubule-binding site located between AAA4 and AAA5. In Aspergillus nidulans, NUDF (a LIS1 homolog) functions in the dynein pathway, and two nudF6 partial suppressors were mapped to the nudA dynein heavy chain locus. Here we identified these two mutations. The nudAL1098F mutation resides in the stem region, and nudAR3086C is in the end of AAA4. These mutations partially suppress the phenotype of nudF deletion but do not suppress the phenotype exhibited by mutants of dynein intermediate chain and Arp1. Surprisingly, the stronger ΔnudF suppressor, nudAR3086C, causes an obvious decrease in the basal level of dynein's ATPase activity and an increase in dynein's distribution along microtubules. Thus, suppression of the ΔnudF phenotype may result from mechanisms other than simply the enhancement of dynein's ATPase activity. The fact that a mutation in the end of AAA4 negatively regulates dynein's ATPase activity but partially compensates for NUDF loss indicates the importance of the AAA4 domain in dynein regulation in vivo.
A Role forCaenorhabditis elegansChromatin-Associated Protein HIM-17 in the Proliferationvs. Meiotic Entry Decision
Authors: Bessler Jessica B , Reddy Kirthi C , Hayashi Michiko , Hodgkin Jonathan , Villeneuve Anne M 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChromatin-associated protein HIM-17 was previously shown to function in the chromosomal events of meiotic prophase. Here we report an additional role for HIM-17 in regulating the balance between germ cell proliferation and meiotic development. A cryptic function for HIM-17 in promoting meiotic entry and/or inhibiting proliferation was revealed by defects in germline organization in him-17 mutants grown at high temperature (25°) and by a synthetic tumorous germline phenotype in glp-1(ar202); him-17 mutants at 15°.
Contribution of geophysical surveys to the study of fine grained lacustrine sediments. Application to the Sarliève marsh (Massif Central, France)
Authors: Hinschberger Florent , Fourmont Agathe , Macaire Jean-Jacques , Breheret Jean-Gabriel , Guerin Roger , Bakyono Jean-Paul 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a geophysical survey which was performed in the Sarliève marsh, located in the north of the Massif Central (France). The studied area corresponds to an ancient lake filled with 6 m of Lateglacial to historic sediments. The numerous cores and excavations previously performed in basin areas show the presence of thick fine grained and carbonated lake deposits. The mineralogical study of these deposits allows us to distinguish two main types of formations, which differ in their composition and origin. In the lower part of the sedimentary filling, the SDLF formation is generally characterized by abundant chalky and dolomitic layers, probably formed by chemical precipitation in an endoreic environment. It was found only in the distal (or depocenter) parts of the ancient lake. The upper part of the filling corresponds to calcitic clayey silty sediments (CF), mainly of detrital origin. They can be found both in the distal and proximal parts of the ancient lake. In order to precise the geometry of the marsh sedimentary filling and to discriminate between these two fine grained sediment types (SDLF and CF), an electromagnetic survey was carried out using an EM31 conductivity meter. It was completed by 16 electrical soundings performed within the marsh.
The electromagnetic survey enables us to draw a large-scale conductivity map, which highlights the presence of a highly conductive zone (HCZ) in the central part of the marsh, more pronounced in the south. The HCZ is bordered by more resistive and heterogeneous fields, where conductive structures are visible. We show that there is no clear correlation between the measured conductivity and the total lacustrine sediment thickness. However, the HCZ is related to the distal parts of the ancient lake, locally identified from borehole data. In the corresponding sedimentary filling, the SDLF formation appears as a very low resistive layer (about 1.2Ω.m) on the electrical soundings. It explains the high conductivity of the distal lacustrine sediments. We finally combine the cores and the geophysical data to estimate the spatial extent and the volume of the SDLF formation of the whole marsh. This study shows that geophysics can contribute to distinguish, in a globally homogeneous fine grained sedimentary filling (carbonated clayey silts), lacustrine sediments formed in very different contexts, one as chemical precipitation, the other of detrital origin.
Lament Ritual Transformed into Literature: Positing Women’s Prayer as Cornerstone in Western Classical Literature
Authors: Weinbaum Batya 
Published: January 2007

AbstractResearch into the origins of Western classical literature has considered the performance of epic poetry by male performers, but the possibility of women’s participation in the creation of the oral literature that gave rise to the classics has not been adequately investigated. Here I look at the role of women chanters in the creation of spontaneous lament, point to similarities in the structure of the poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, and suggest that these two epics of classical literature may have been based originally on women’s words.
I’m a Folklorist and You’re Not: Expansive versus Delimited Strategies in the Practice of Folklore
Authors: Zeitlin Steven J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAs advocates for the discipline in the public sector and the academy, folklorists have practiced both expansive and delimited strategies in promulgating the field. The delimited stance carefully defines and limits the discipline, studies its own history, strives for professionalization, and creates a justification for an autonomous field. The expansive posture, on the other hand, tries to establish alliances and explores other disciplines freely, asserting that other arts and humanities fields have as much right to practice folklore as folklorists have to practice those fields. Expansive positions often reach out to new members, constituencies, and audiences; delimited strategies often insist on criteria and standards for inclusion in the field. In the history of folklore studies and public programs, both strategies have proven effective in particular situations and contexts. In fact, the two strategies often work together to further the discipline. When successful, they disseminate and advance the core ideas of the field.