bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations and Gene Amplification in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Molecular Analysis of the IDEAL/INTACT Gefitinib Trials
Authors: Bell Daphne W. , Lynch Thomas J. , Haserlat Sara M. , Harris Patricia L. , Okimoto Ross A. , Brannigan Brian W. , Sgroi Dennis C. , Muir Beth , Riemenschneider Markus J. , Iacona Renee Bailey , Krebs Annetta D. , Johnson David H. , Giaccone Giuseppe , Herbst Roy S. , Manegold Christian , Fukuoka Masahiro , Kris Mark G. , Baselga José , Ochs Judith S. , Haber Daniel A. 
Published: October 2005

PurposeMost cases of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with dramatic responses to gefitinib have specific activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), but the predictive value of these mutations has not been defined in large clinical trials. The goal of this study was to determine the contribution of molecular alterations in EGFR to response and survival within the phase II (IDEAL) and phase III (INTACT) trials of gefitinib.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed the frequency of EGFR mutations in lung cancer specimens from both the IDEAL and INTACT trials and compared it with EGFR gene amplification, another genetic abnormality in NSCLC.ResultsEGFR mutations correlated with previously identified clinical features of gefitinib response, including adenocarcinoma histology, absence of smoking history, female sex, and Asian ethnicity. No such association was seen in patients whose tumors had EGFR amplification, suggesting that these molecular markers identify different biologic subsets of NSCLC. In the IDEAL trials, responses to gefitinib were seen in six of 13 tumors (46%) with an EGFR mutation, two of seven tumors (29%) with amplification, and five of 56 tumors (9%) with neither mutation nor amplification (P = .001 for either EGFR mutation or amplification v neither abnormality). Analysis of the INTACT trials did not show a statistically significant difference in response to gefitinib plus chemotherapy according to EGFR genotype.ConclusionEGFR mutations and, to a lesser extent, amplification appear to identify distinct subsets of NSCLC with an increased response to gefitinib. The combination of gefitinib with chemotherapy does not improve survival in patients with these molecular markers.
Competitive Immunoassay Using Capillary Electrophoresis with a Chemiluminescence Detector
Authors: Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko , Jinno Naoya , Toguchi Kae , Nakajima Riichiro 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
We have proposed competitive immunoassay using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a chemiluminescence (CL) detector, in which a small amount of sample (ca. 20 μL) is required for analysis. Human serum albumin (HSA) and anti-human serum IgG (anti-HSA) were used for immune reaction as a model. A luminol and hydrogen peroxide CL reaction was adopted, and HSA was labeled with isoluminol isothiocyanate (ILITC) for competitive immunoassay. The reactant after the immune reaction was directly subjected to CE with the CL detector, where the labeled HSA was easily and rapidly separated and detected. The amount of labeled HSA indicated a good relationship to that of HSA as an analyte through the immune reaction. The HSA was determined over the range of 0.2–1.2 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM (S/N = 3). The present method features high sensitivity, a small sample volume, and easy and rapid operation. The method also shows the possibility to analyze a specific protein in a serum sample.
Activation Energy for Dibenzofuran Desorption from Fe3+/TiO2 and Ce3+/TiO2 Photocatalysts Coated onto Glass Fibres
Authors: Xia Qibin , Li Zhong , Xi Hongxia , Xu Kefeng 
Published: October 2005

In this work, TiO2, Fe3+/TiO2 and Ce3+/TiO2 photocatalytic films were respectively immobilized on glass fibres via the sol—gel technique to prepare supported photocatalysts. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted to measure the TPD curves for the removal of dibenzofuran from these photocatalysts, from which the activation energy for dibenzofuran desorption from the photocatalyst surfaces was estimated. The results showed that the activation energies for dibenzofuran desorption from the photocatalysts TiO2, Ce3+/TiO2 and Fe3+/TiO2 coated separately onto the glass fibres were 16.41 kJ/mol, 22.55 kJ/mol and 33.59 kJ/mol, respectively, while the hardness values of the ions Fe3+, Ce3+ and Ti4+ were respectively 13.1 eV, 11.9 eV and 10.6 eV. The data indicated that the use of Fe3+ or Ce3+ ions for doping a TiO2 photo-catalyst increased the local hardness of the doped TiO2 photocatalyst surface. This, in turn, increased the activation energy for the desorption of dibenzofuran from such a TiO2 photocatalyst surface.
James Blyth — Britain's First Modern Wind Power Pioneer
Authors: Price Trevor J. 
Published: October 2005

The American, Charles Brush is often credited with being the first person to use a wind powered machine to generate electricity, which operated for the first time during the winter of 1887. However, earlier in July 1887, Professor James Blyth, a Scottish academic of Anderson's College, Glasgow (which later became Strathclyde University) was undertaking very similar experiments to Brush, which culminated in a UK patent in 1891. Likewise the Dane, Poul La Cour, is known to have constructed relatively advanced wind turbines throughout the 1890s, which were also used to generate electricity which was then used to produce hydrogen. This paper investigates Professor Blyth's life, seeking to understand his motivation to generate electricity from the wind and his association with contemporaries, including Lord Kelvin. The paper argues that it was Blyth and not Brush, who was the first to produce wind-powered electricity.
Interferon Beta-1a Overdose in a Multiple Sclerosis Patient
Authors: Falcone Nicola P , Nappo Agostino , Neuteboom Berend 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE To report on a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) who attempted suicide by taking an overdose of interferon (IFN) beta-1a. CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old man with MS and depressive symptoms self-administered approximately 6 or 7 prefilled syringes containing 44 μg (12 MIU) of subcutaneous IFN beta-1a in a suicide attempt. Clinical examination in the emergency department revealed a modest rise in body temperature and diffuse redness of the skin of the limbs and truncal region. The patient's signs and symptoms resolved over the following 24 hours. IFN beta-1a was temporarily withdrawn and treatment with citalopram, which the patient had spontaneously discontinued before the suicide attempt, was resumed. Laboratory assessment showed no modifications in biochemical and hematologic parameters. The IFN beta-1a concentration in the serum sample taken at 48 hours after the suicide attempt confirmed that the patient had taken a very high dose of IFN. DISCUSSION Depression, a common condition in MS patients, was precipitated in this patient by the spontaneous discontinuation of citalopram and not influenced by IFN beta-1a therapy, which the patient resumed at 44 μg 3 times per week. CONCLUSIONS This case demonstrates the risks of depression in MS patients and the danger of discontinuing treatment with antidepressants. This report also shows that approximately 264–308 μg of IFN beta-1a, the highest single dose of IFN beta-1a reported taken by a human as of this writing, caused only a transient and self-limiting malaise.
Proton Pump Inhibitor Formulary Considerations in the Acutely Ill Part 2: Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Economics
Authors: Devlin John W , Welage Lynda S , Olsen Keith M 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE To review, using an evidence-based approach, the clinical efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for treatment of common acid peptic disorders in the acutely ill and provide clinicians with guidance when making hospital formulary decisions with this class of agents. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (1966–May 2005) and the Cochrane Library databases were searched using the key words proton pump inhibitor, acid suppression, peptic ulcer disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, stress ulcer prophylaxis, critical care, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Bibliographies of cited references were reviewed, and a manual search of abstracts from recent gastroenterology, critical care, and surgery scientific meetings was completed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All articles identified from the data sources were evaluated, and all information deemed relevant was included for this review. DATA SYNTHESIS PPIs have become a mainstay for acute acid suppression in hospitalized patients. Various commercially available PPI products are available either enterally or parenterally for administration to patients unable to swallow a tablet or capsule. The results of studies comparing the clinical efficacy of different PPI dosage forms and routes of administration, safety considerations, and cost-effectiveness analyses are among the factors to consider when making formulary decisions for this class of drugs. CONCLUSIONS While the introduction of new PPI products has expanded the therapeutic options for acid suppression in acutely ill patients, a number of unresolved questions remain surrounding the interchangeability of these products, the clinical significance of one PPI formulation over the other, and how oral/enteral therapy should be used as step-down therapy after parenteral therapy.
Adherence to Medications by Patients After Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Sud Anchal , Kline-Rogers Eva M , Eagle Kim A , Fang Jianming , Armstrong David F , Rangarajan Krishna , Otten Richard F , Stafkey-Mailey Dana R , Taylor Stephanie D , Erickson Steven R 
Published: October 2005

BACKGROUND Nonadherence to medication may lead to poor medical outcomes. OBJECTIVE To describe medication-taking behavior of patients with a history of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) for 4 classes of drugs and determine the relationship between self-reported adherence and patient characteristics. METHODS Consenting patients with the diagnosis of ACS were interviewed by telephone approximately 10 months after discharge. The survey elicited data characterizing the patient, current medication regimens, beliefs about drug therapy, reasons for discontinuing medications, and adherence. The survey included the Beliefs About Medicine Questionnaire providing 4 scales: Specific Necessity, Specific Concerns, General Harm, and General Overuse, and the Medication Adherence Scale (MAS). Multivariate regression was used to determine the independent variables with the strongest association to the MAS. A p value ≤0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. RESULTS Two hundred eight patients were interviewed. Mean ± SD age was 64.9 ± 13.0 years, with 60.6% male, 95.7% white, 57.3% with a college education, 87.9% living with ≥1 other person, and 42% indicating excellent or very good health. The percentage of patients continuing on medication at the time of the survey category ranged from 87.4% (aspirin) to 66.0% (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors). Reasons for stopping medication included physician discontinuation or adverse effects. Of patients still on drug therapy, the mean MAS was 1.3 ± 0.4, with 53.8% indicating nonadherence (score >1). The final regression model showed R2 = 0.132 and included heart-related health status and Specific Necessity as significant predictor variables. CONCLUSIONS After ACS, not all patients continue their drugs or take them exactly as prescribed. Determining beliefs about illness and medication may be helpful in developing interventions aimed at improving adherence.
Hemolysis and Methemoglobinemia Secondary to Rasburicase Administration
Authors: Browning Linda A , Kruse James A 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE To report a case of hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia developing after rasburicase administration to a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old African American man was hospitalized with new onset seizure, diabetic ketoacidosis, respiratory failure, and acute renal failure. Serum uric acid concentrations were elevated, and the patient was treated with one dose of intravenous rasburicase 22.5 mg for acute renal failure secondary to hyperuricemia. Routine arterial blood gas analyses performed after rasburicase was administered revealed elevated methemoglobin concentrations, which peaked at 14.7%. Hemolytic anemia developed as evidenced by a fall in blood hemoglobin from 14.8 to 5.3 g/dL. The patient made a full recovery following aggressive fluid therapy, blood transfusions, and respiratory support. G6PD deficiency was subsequently confirmed. The Naranjo probability scale indicated that rasburicase was a probable cause of hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. DISCUSSION Rasburicase is contraindicated in patients with G6PD deficiency as it may cause hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. As of September 26, 2005, simultaneous occurrence of hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia has not been reported in patients receiving rasburicase. CONCLUSIONS As of September 26, 2005, screening for G6PD deficiency should be performed whenever possible prior to chemotherapy administration in patients at risk of developing tumor lysis syndrome.
Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Limits of Detection in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Air-Acetylene and Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flames
Authors: Parsons M. L. , McElfresh P. M. 
Published: October 2005

Limits of detection have been calculated for the air-acetylene and nitrous oxide-acetylene flames used in atomic absorption spectrometry using the theoretical treatment developed by Winefordner. Values for the parameters were chosen for these calculations to give the lowest possible limits of detection. These calculated values have been compared with experimentally determined limits of detection. Values of the atom fraction, β, are also estimated by means of this comparison. The values for the air-acetylene flame are in fair agreement; however, the comparison of the nitrous oxide flame showed anomalous behavior. An attempt to explain this is made, as well as a general discussion of the results.
Inbreeding Depression and Male Survivorship in Drosophila: Implications for Senescence Theory
Authors: Swindell William R , Bouzat Juan L 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The extent to which inbreeding depression affects longevity and patterns of survivorship is an important issue from several research perspectives, including evolutionary biology, conservation biology, and the genetic analysis of quantitative traits. However, few previous inbreeding depression studies have considered longevity as a focal life-history trait. We maintained laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster at census population sizes of 2 and 10 male-female pairs for up to 66 generations and performed repeated assays of male survivorship throughout this time period. On average, significant levels of inbreeding depression were observed for median life span and age-specific mortality. For age-specific mortality, the severity of inbreeding depression increased over the life span. We found that a baseline inbreeding load of 0.307 lethal equivalents per gamete affected age-specific mortality, and that this value increased at a rate of 0.046 per day of the life span. With respect to some survivorship parameters, the differentiation of lineages was nonlinear with respect to the inbreeding coefficient, which suggested that nonadditive genetic variation contributed to variation among lineages. These findings provide insights into the genetic basis of longevity as a quantitative trait and have implications regarding the mutation-accumulation evolutionary explanation of senescence.
The RSC Chromatin Remodeling Complex Bears an Essential Fungal-Specific Protein Module With Broad Functional Roles
Authors: Wilson Boris , Erdjument-Bromage Hediye , Tempst Paul , Cairns Bradley R 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
RSC is an essential and abundant ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we show that the RSC components Rsc7/Npl6 and Rsc14/Ldb7 interact physically and/or functionally with Rsc3, Rsc30, and Htl1 to form a module important for a broad range of RSC functions. A strain lacking Rsc7 fails to properly assemble RSC, which confers sensitivity to temperature and to agents that cause DNA damage, microtubule depolymerization, or cell wall stress (likely via transcriptional misregulation). Cells lacking Rsc14 display sensitivity to cell wall stress and are deficient in the assembly of Rsc3 and Rsc30. Interestingly, certain rsc7Δ and rsc14Δ phenotypes are suppressed by an increased dosage of Rsc3, an essential RSC member with roles in cell wall integrity and spindle checkpoint pathways. Thus, Rsc7 and Rsc14 have different roles in the module as well as sharing physical and functional connections to Rsc3. Using a genetic array of nonessential null mutations (SGA) we identified mutations that are sick/lethal in combination with the rsc7Δ mutation, which revealed connections to a surprisingly large number of chromatin remodeling complexes and cellular processes. Taken together, we define a protein module on the RSC complex with links to a broad spectrum of cellular functions.
Identification and Analysis of Escherichia coli Ribonuclease E Dominant-Negative Mutants
Authors: Briegel Karoline J , Baker Asmaa , Jain Chaitanya 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The Escherichia coli (E. coli) ribonuclease E protein (RNase E) is implicated in the degradation and processing of a large fraction of RNAs in the cell. To understand RNase E function in greater detail, we developed an efficient selection method for identifying nonfunctional RNase E mutants. A subset of the mutants was found to display a dominant-negative phenotype, interfering with wild-type RNase E function. Unexpectedly, each of these mutants contained a large truncation within the carboxy terminus of RNase E. In contrast, no point mutants that conferred a dominant-negative phenotype were found. We show that a representative dominant-negative mutant can form mixed multimers with RNase E and propose a model to explain how these mutants can block wild-type RNase E function in vivo.
Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Preterm Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Lubetzky Ronit , Stolovitch Chaim , Dollberg Shaul , Mimouni Francis B. , Salomon Mazal , Mandel Dror 
Published: October 2005

Objective. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine hematologic indices of potential intrauterine hypoxia, including circulating nucleated red blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets in preterm infants who developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) compared with suitable controls. We hypothesized that higher neonatal absolute nucleated red blood cell (ANRBC) and lymphocyte counts and lower platelets would be found in infants who developed ROP, compared with control infants.Methods. Each of 23 infants with ROP was pair matched for gestational age and Apgar scores with a control without ROP. Criteria for exclusion in both groups included factors that may influence the ANRBCs at birth. Venous ANRBC counts were obtained within 1 hour of life. Statistical analyses used paired t tests, a paired Wilcoxon test, and backward stepwise-regression analysis.Results. Groups did not differ in birth weight, gestational age, Apgar scores, or hematocrit, white blood cell, or platelets counts. The ANRBC counts at birth were significantly higher in infants who developed ROP than in controls.Conclusions. Infants who develop ROP have higher ANRBC counts at birth than matched controls. We suggest that increased fetal erythropoiesis exists in preterm infants who later on will develop ROP. If correct, our interpretation supports the theory that long-lasting fetal hypoxia and/or ischemia may play a role in the pathogenesis of ROP.
Formation of Polyaniline Nanorod/Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Composite Nanowires Using a Temperature‐Gradient Method
Authors: Jang J. , Bae J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLiquid crystalline epoxy/polyaniline (LCE/PANI) composite nanowires have been fabricated using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane by a temperature‐gradient curing process. PANI nanorods with an average diameter of 30 nm have been synthesized by dispersion polymerization in order to employ them as a curing agent for LCE and as a reinforcement filler for the LCE/PANI composite nanowires. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that the LCE crosslinking reaction occurred inside the channels of the AAO membrane via the curing of LCE with PANI nanorods. The LCE/PANI composite nanowires exhibit an enhanced electrical conductivity and thermal stability, comparable with a LCE/PANI composite monolith. In addition, these polymer‐composite nanowires also display the characteristics of a functionally gradient conducting material.
Antibody variable region interactions with Protein A: Implications for the development of generic purification processes
Authors: Ghose Sanchayita , Allen Martin , Hubbard Brian , Brooks Clayton , Cramer Steven M 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a wide range of antibodies from various subclasses and subfamilies are employed to evaluate the creation of generic separation processes using Protein A chromatography. The reasons for elution pH differences amongst several IgG1s, IgG2s, antibody fragments, and Fc‐fusion proteins during Protein A chromatography are investigated using several complimentary techniques. The results indicate that variable region interactions play a major role in determining elution pH for VH3 subfamily antibodies while using traditional protein A chromatographic materials. On the other hand, experiments with a resin which employs a ligand consisting solely of B domain of Protein A indicate that variable region interactions can be mitigated, enabling the use of a single elution pH for a range of antibodies. Finally, the moderation of elution conditions associated with this engineered ligand are shown to minimize problems associated with low pH induced aggregation. It is expected that the findings reported in this paper will facilitate faster process development cycle times for this important class of human therapeutics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stochasticity of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase mRNA Expression in Breast Carcinoma Cells by Molecular Beacon Imaging
Authors: Drake Timothy J. , Medley Colin D. , Sen Arup , Rogers Richard J. , Tan Weihong 
Published: October 2005

AbstractVisual and quantitative monitoring of cell‐to‐cell variation in the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA by using novel ratiometric imaging with molecular beacons (MB) reveals a distinct change in patterns following induction of human breast‐carcinoma cells with lipopolysaccharide. Interestingly, the pattern of cell‐to‐cell variation in a cell line stably transfected with a plasmid bearing a cDNA clone of MnSOD and overproducing the enzyme is significantly different from the pattern associated with MnSOD induction. The levels and the patterns of cell‐population heterogeneity for β‐actin mRNA expression do not show distinct changes either following induction or in stably transfected cells. These results are significant in light of the reported relationship between this enzyme and malignant phenotype of breast‐carcinoma cells. Use of MBs in ratiometric image analyses for cytoplasmic mRNAs represents a novel means of directly examining the stochasticity of transcription of MnSOD and other genes implicated in cellular phenotype regulation.