bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting knowledge, attitudes, and practices: An experimental controlled study evaluating the effectiveness of m-health training on antimicrobial resistance for hemodialysis nurses
Authors: Alhawatmeh Hossam , Aljarrah Mohammed , Hweidi Issa M , Al-Nsair Nezam , Alyahya Mohammad S , Abuhammad Sawsan 
Published: February 2025

Aim/Objective: To evaluate the impact of an m-health training program on nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning antimicrobial resistance within hemodialysis units. Background: Hemodialysis patients face high infection risks, driving antimicrobial use and resistance. Nurses’ antimicrobial resistance knowledge gaps underscore the need for effective training. Design: A parallel group randomized controlled trial. Methods: A convenience sample of 64 nurses was cluster-randomized into either an m-health group ( n = 32) or a control group ( n = 32). The m-health group received antimicrobial resistance education through a WhatsApp Chatbot, while the control group received no information on the study topic. However, they were provided the study intervention after the evaluation was completed. The nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antimicrobial resistance were assessed with self-developed instruments at three time points: Baseline (Time 1), immediately after the intervention (Time 2), and 1 month later (Time 3). Results: Repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (within-subject) tests indicated significant differences in mean scores for antimicrobial resistance knowledge, attitudes, and practices across the three time points in the m-health group. The repeated-measures ANOVA (mixed model) tests revealed significant interaction effects in antimicrobial resistance knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Conclusions: m-Health training program significantly enhanced dialysis nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward antimicrobial resistance. It is recommended to communicate the findings of this study to managers and policymakers to equip them with the information needed to develop and implement effective strategies, policies, and multidisciplinary interventions aimed at reducing antimicrobial resistance in hemodialysis units.
The Preseason Functional Movement Screen as a Predictive Tool for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High School Baseball Pitchers: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shitara Hitoshi , Hamano Noritaka , Tajika Tsuyoshi , Ichinose Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Kamiyama Masataka , Miyamoto Ryosuke , Nakase Kurumi , Ino Fukuhisa , Hatori Yuhei , Yanai Koichiro , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: February 2025

Background: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is used to evaluate fundamental movement patterns in patients. It is unknown whether the FMS can be used as a predictive tool for the occurrence of pitching injuries in baseball players. Purpose: To prospectively investigate the relationship between shoulder and elbow injuries and individual components of the FMS during the preseason in high school baseball pitchers and determine which components of the FMS can be used as screening tools to predict shoulder and elbow injuries. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Eligible participants comprised 133 male high school baseball pitchers aged 15 to 17 years who underwent a preseason medical examination in 2017. Included participants were right-handed pitchers who had been involved in preseason practices without restrictions in baseball activities. The physical examination included assessments of background factors, bilateral shoulder and elbow range of motion, and grip and shoulder strength as well as the FMS. A shoulder or elbow injury was defined as any condition causing the inability to pitch for ≥8 days. Injuries occurring in the season immediately after the preseason medical examination were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with an injury. Results: Overall, 90 high school baseball pitchers were enrolled in this study. The incidence of injuries was 22.2%. A comparison of FMS scores revealed significantly higher values for shoulder mobility on both sides (dominant side: P = .025; nondominant side: P = .034) and lower values for rotary stability on the dominant side ( P < .001) in the injured versus noninjured group. Logistic regression analysis identified poor rotary stability on the dominant side as a significant independent risk factor for baseball injuries (odds ratio, 5.30; P = .009). Conclusion: In right-handed high school baseball pitchers, a low FMS score for rotary stability on the dominant side during the preseason was a significant independent risk factor for injuries in the following season. The FMS score for rotary stability may be used as a predictive tool for the occurrence of pitching injuries in high school baseball pitchers.
Mechanisms of Severe Adductor Longus Injuries in Professional Soccer Players: A Systematic Visual Video Analysis
Authors: Jokela Aleksi , Pasta Giulio , Della Villa Francesco , Abrantes Arnaldo , Kalogiannidis Dimitrios , García-Romero-Pérez Alvaro , Marano Marco , Skibinskyi Dmitriy , Mazzoni Stefano , Pruna Ricard , Valle Xavier , Lempainen Lasse 
Published: February 2025

Background: Changing direction, kicking, reaching, and jumping have been found to be the primary mechanisms of adductor longus injury. No previous studies specifically analyzing severe adductor longus injury mechanisms using video analysis have been published. Purpose: To systematically analyze video footage to describe the mechanisms of severe acute adductor longus injuries in male professional soccer players. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 20 professional male soccer players (median age, 27 years; range, 18-35 years) who experienced an acute adductor longus injury during a match between October 2017 and December 2023 were included. All analyzed injuries were severe, either complete adductor longus tendon ruptures or partial lesions resulting in an absence from soccer competition of >28 days. Two authors independently reviewed the injuries based on a comprehensive injury causation model. Factors analyzed included playing situation, player/opponent behavior, and biomechanical descriptions encompassing whole-body and joint movements/positions. Results: Of the 20 included injuries, 13 (65%) were considered noncontact and 7 (35%) were indirect contact. A closed kinetic chain (CKC) injury mechanism was found in 14 injuries (70%), an open kinetic chain (OKC) mechanism was found in 3 injuries (15%), and the injury occurred during high-speed running in the remaining 3 cases (15%). Player actions at the time of injury included reaching with the uninjured leg (CKC stretching; n = 11 [55%]), reaching with the injured leg (OKC stretching; n = 2 [10%]), dribbling (n = 2 [10%]), and landing (n = 2 [10%]). In CKC injuries, hip extension, hip abduction, and external rotation were all found in 64% of the cases. All OKC injuries involved hip abduction, external rotation, and rapid change of movement from hip extension to flexion. Conclusion: Severe adductor longus injuries occurred predominantly during CKC actions, particularly when reaching for the ball with the uninjured leg. These injuries were consistently characterized by a combination of hip extension, abduction, and external rotation. A crucial aspect in these injuries appears to be the involvement of an eccentric muscle action, featuring rapid muscle activation during rapid muscle lengthening.
The Role of Crutches and Bracing in Preventing Secondary Meniscal Tears After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Gupta Arjun , Badin Daniel , Lee R. Jay 
Published: February 2025

Background: Secondary meniscal tears are a well-described sequela of delay in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) after ACL injury. This study aimed to evaluate whether preoperative conservative interventions (ie, crutches, bracing, and physical therapy) are associated with a reduced risk of secondary meniscal pathology in pediatric patients. Hypothesis: Preoperative conservative interventions of the ACL-deficient knee would be associated with fewer secondary meniscal tears in pediatric patients undergoing delayed (≥8 weeks postinjury) ACLR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All pediatric patients (age, <18 years) undergoing primary ACLR with a single surgeon between October 1, 2013, and January 31, 2022, were retrospectively identified. The exclusion criteria were as follows: previous ipsilateral knee injury; multiligamentous knee injuries; or time frommagnetic resonance imaging to surgery ≥52 weeks. Adherence to conservative management recommendations (ie, crutches, bracing, and physical therapy) was assessed through medical record review. Secondary meniscal injuries were defined as major tears that were discovered intraoperatively and required repair or substantial meniscectomy. Meniscal tears that occurred concomitantly with ACL rupture and were detectable on the initial (<3 weeks after injury) magnetic resonance imaging scans were not considered secondary. In total, 71 pediatric patients (35 girls; 36 boys) were included. Results: A total of 70 patients (99%) underwent ≥1 conservative interventions before ACLR—including 37 (52%) who used crutches, 47 (66%) who used bracing, and 69 (97%) who received physical therapy. There were no differences in use of conservative interventions between those who underwent early ACLR and those who had delayed ACLR ( P > .05). Delayed ACLR was associated with a greater risk of medial, but not lateral, meniscal tears compared with early ACLR ( P = .04). Overall, 15 secondary meniscal tears were observed intraoperatively in 14 patients—including 4 medial and 11 lateral tears. Knee bracing was associated with fewer lateral meniscal tears in patients undergoing early ACLR (6% vs 35%; P = .008), with multivariate regression analysis yielding an adjusted odds ratio of 0.06 (95% CI, 0.006-0.57; P = .015). The use of crutches was associated with fewer medial meniscal tears in patients undergoing delayed ACLR (0% vs 37%; P = .017). Since no new medial meniscal tears were observed in patients who used crutches, the adjusted odds ratio could not be calculated. Conclusion: Bracing and crutches were associated with the preservation of the menisci in the ACL-deficient knee in pediatric patients undergoing early and delayed ACLR, respectively. Surgeons should strongly encourage adherence to these conservative modalities in patients awaiting operative reconstruction to reduce the risk of secondary meniscal pathology.
Is Ulnar Collateral Ligament Strength Proportional to Height and Weight?
Authors: Beason David P. , Colberg Ricardo E. , Kimbrel Brandon K. , Rothermich Marcus A. , Slowik Jonathan S. , Fleisig Glenn S. 
Published: February 2025

Background: The rates of surgeries for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries continue to rise for baseball pitchers. The physical size of pitchers has also increased, bringing into question whether today’s larger pitchers have proportionally bigger and stronger UCLs able to withstand greater elbow varus torque. Furthermore, controversy exists in biomechanics literature regarding whether kinetics during pitching should be reported as torque (in N·m) or normalized torque (scaled by body weight and height). Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationships between body size and mechanical properties of the UCL measured directly on cadaveric specimens. It was hypothesized that greater body weight and height would correlate with greater UCL strength, stiffness, and cross-sectional area. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: UCL thickness and length were measured by ultrasound for 20 cadaveric right elbows from young adult (mean age, 33 ± 6 years) male donors. Each elbow was then dissected, potted, and placed into a mechanical test frame at 90° of flexion. The specimen was then tested to failure at a rate of 1° of valgus rotation per second. Correlations between geometric and biomechanical data were tested by linear regressions ( P < .05). Results: The mean UCL failure torque was 45.0 ± 10.5 N·m, and the mean stiffness was 2.72 ± 0.48 N·m/deg. Correlations between failure torque and height ( P = .25), weight ( P = .85), and height × weight ( P = .72) were nonsignificant. Similarly, stiffness showed no significant correlation with height ( P = .24), weight ( P = .21), or height × weight ( P = .18). UCL cross-sectional area did not significantly correlate with body height ( P = .34), height × weight ( P = .064), or weight ( P = .065). Conclusion: Body size is not correlated with UCL strength and stiffness. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should not assume that bigger athletes have a stronger UCL. Furthermore, elbow varus torque during throwing for adult athletes should not be normalized by body weight and height.
Management of First-Time Anterior Shoulder Dislocation—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Arthroscopy Association of Canada Position Statement
Authors: Abdel Khalik Hassaan , Dagher Danielle , Lameire Darius Luke , Gusnowski Eva , Kolpka Michaela , LeBel Marie-Eve , Matache Bogdan A. , Martin R. Kyle , Sommerfeldt Mark , Wong Ivan , Woodmass Jarret , Khan Moin 
Published: February 2025

Background: While surgical stabilization is typically recommended for patients with recurrent shoulder instability, the management of first-time shoulder dislocation (FTSD) presents a unique challenge for health care providers. Purpose: To assess the efficacy of arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) compared with nonoperative management for FTSDs. Study Design: Review. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to December 26, 2023, for comparative studies assessing ABR versus nonoperative management of FTSDs. Outcomes of interest included rates of shoulder redislocation, cumulative shoulder instability (redislocation, subluxation, and/or subjective instability), subsequent shoulder stabilization surgery, return-to-sport rates, and patient-reported outcomes (Western Ontario Shoulder Instability [WOSI] score and Rowe score). Meta-analyses were performed on outcomes reported across a minimum of 3 comparative studies. Results: Eleven comparative studies with 694 patients (695 shoulders) were included in the final analysis. Patient demographics were comparable across arthroscopic stabilization (367 shoulders) and nonoperative management (328 shoulders) groups with a mean age of 21.6 ± 2.5 years across all studies, and 13.7% ± 13.6% of patients being female. The mean follow-up across all studies was 54.2 ± 28.5 months, with a mean loss to follow-up of 8.1% ± 10.3%. Meta-analyses demonstrated a reduction in the odds of cumulative instability in favor of the ABR group (odds ratio [OR], 0.04 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08]; P < .01), as well as reductions in the odds of shoulder redislocation (OR, 0.06 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.17]; P < .01) and subsequent stabilization surgery (OR, 0.07 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.14]; P < .01) in favor of ABR. Compared with the nonoperative group, patients in the ABR group were 3.87 times more likely to return to sport at the preoperative or higher level (OR, 3.87 [95% CI, 1.57 to 9.52]; P < .01). No differences were found across postoperative WOSI scores (mean difference, 8.08 [95% CI, –1.54 to 17.69]; P = .10). Subgroup analyses demonstrated similar outcomes between randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Conclusion: Early ABR of first-time anterior shoulder dislocations consistently demonstrated decreased subsequent rates of cumulative instability events, shoulder redislocations, and revision surgeries relative to nonoperative management.
A genome-wide association study identified SNP markers and candidate genes associated with morphometric fruit quality traits in mangoes
Authors: Eltaher Shamseldeen , Li Jin , Freeman Barbie , Singh Sukhwinder , Ali Gul Shad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) are a widely grown fruit tree crop across the world, but breeding new varieties can take 15-20 years due to its long juvenile period and high heterozygosity. Marker-assisted selection can accelerate breeding new mango cultivars with desirable traits for fruit quality, storage, horticulture, pest and disease resistance, and nutrition.

Results
To achieve this, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to discover molecular markers for 14 morphometric and economically important fruit traits of 161 mango accessions with diverse genetic backgrounds. These traits included pulp and brix; fruit weight, length, thickness, and width; stone weight, length, thickness, and width; and seed weight, length, thickness, and width. In this report, we employed the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) model for conducting GWAS using 135,079 high-quality SNP markers. These analyses revealed 103 SNPs that were significantly associated with these traits. Of these markers, 7 were commonly associated with different traits, while 96 markers were uniquely associated with specific traits.

Conclusions
To choose the most promising mango accessions for future breeding and for closing genetic gaps among the accessions and increasing genetic diversity, a new selection method is suggested based on phenotypic traits such as high-yielding mango fruit cultivars, number of reference alleles, and genetic distance among the selected genotypes. Based on these criteria, 20 accessions were identified as the most promising parents for crossing to produce high mango yield. Gene annotation of the significant markers revealed candidate genes coding for important proteins, enzymes, and transcription factors associated with fruit development traits.
Enhancing salinity tolerance in cultivated rice through introgression of African rice genes and application of moringa leaf extract
Authors: Saleh Heba A. , Tourky Shaimaa M. N. , Ibraheem Farag , Abo-Hamed Samy A. , Shukry Wafaa M. , Elgamal Walid H. , Elghareeb Eman M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Salinity is a major threat to rice growth and productivity. Utilizing wild rice-derived genes and biostimulants with high growth promoting- and stress-alleviating potential can significantly improve salinity tolerance in cultivated rice. Herein, we investigated the vegetative growth and physiological responses of Giza 177 (Oryza sativa, salinity sensitive, high-yielding cultivar) and a promising introgression salt tolerant line (sativa/glaberrima; SG 65) from a population of Giza 177 × African rice (Oryza glaberrima) under low (2.75 mS/cm) and high (5.5 mS/cm) salinity stress. The possible ameliorative effects of priming rice seeds in moringa leaf extract (MLE) on these responses were also tested.

Results
The two salinity levels induced differential reduction in plant growth in both cultivars. In the MLE-unprimed plants, salinity induced 34–54% and 30–45% reductions in biomass accumulation in Giza 177 and SG 65, respectively. These responses were associated with significant differential reductions in relative water content, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and gas exchange parameters (transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration), ascorbic acid, and total protein. Conversely, salinity induced the accumulation of H2O2, malondialdehyde, proline, carbohydrate fractions, and membrane injury. MLE treatment mitigated the above salinity-induced adverse effects in both cultivars via reducing the salt-induced oxidative stress through the induction of non-enzymic (total phenols, and flavonoids) and enzymic antioxidants including ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase in both cultivars. SG 65 plants exhibited consistently higher salt tolerance and responsiveness to MLE than Giza 177.

Conclusions
This study reports significant differences in an array of critical physiological and biochemical indices that underpin the divergent responses between the two salinized cultivars. It demonstrates the potential of African rice-derived genomic fragments and MLE priming in mitigating salinity stress, highlighting their use as a sustainable strategy for increasing rice production in salt-affected soils.
Chromium "(VI)" phytoremediation using Azolla pinnata: effects on Vicia faba growth, physiology, cytogenetics, and gene expression profiling
Authors: Soliman Elham R. S. , Moustafa Kareem , Khamis Mohamed , Shedeed Zeinab A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
One of the primary challenges that the expanding population faces is water scarcity. Thus, a global imperative has been established to safeguard extant water resources and optimize their utility through sustainable practices and efficient management. In the present investigation, Azolla pinnata, a pteridophyte (fern), was employed to phytoremediate Cr (VI) from chromium-polluted water. The potential of this treated water for agricultural purposes was verified through the use of Vicia faba plants.

Results
In vitro, A. pinnata effectively remediates Cr (VI) from an array of liquid concentrations (0.05 to 90 ppm) in a ratio of 25:1 {volume (mL): fresh weight of Azolla (g)} after 2 days incubation period at room temperature. At low concentrations (0.1 ppm), the phytoremediation capacity peaked at 70%, falling to 19.53% at a high concentration (90 ppm). Upon continuous irrigation with Cr-polluted water (0.05 to 50 ppm), the in vivo pot experiment on Vicia faba plants revealed high Cr accumulation in the roots reached 52.5 mg Kg-1 dry weight (Dwt) at the 50 ppm Cr treatment. Nevertheless, a reduced Cr content of 19.5 mg Kg-1 Dwt was observed when the plants were irrigated with 50 ppm Cr-polluted water that had been treated with Azolla. At 50 ppm of Cr, Azolla's treatment significantly increased shoot length, fresh weight, and Chl a content to 25.25 cm, 3.4 g, and 6.5 mg g-1 Dwt, respectively, up from 10.25, 1.8, and 4.7 in untreated plants. The chromosomal aberrations were significantly induced in the dividing cells of all Cr treatments, with the highest value of 4.8% at 50 ppm. This value was reduced to 2.88% at the same concentration when treated with Azolla. At a concentration of 10 ppm Cr, the mitotic index was significantly improved to 6.99% when combined with Azolla, as opposed to 3.63% when the same concentration was used without Azolla. The DNA degradation assay showed partial DNA degradation at 50 ppm Cr, which the Azolla treatment eliminated. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of both the PM H+-ATPase and the calcium-dependent protein kinase CDPK5 were upregulated in response to Cr, despite the fact that the expression level was altered in a dose- and concentration-dependent manner by Azolla treatment.

Conclusion

Azolla exhibits substantial potential for reducing the detrimental effects of chromium stress including oxidative stress on plants. It modulates stress-related gene expression, protects DNA integrity, enhances cell mitosis, and reduces chromosomal damage. These results indicate that Azolla has the potential to be a valuable asset in phytoremediation strategies for chromium-contaminated environments, and that it may enhance plant survival and growth under Cr stress conditions.

Key message

Azolla pinnata can be effectively utilized as an environmentally-friendly method to remediate chromium-contaminated water for agricultural usage.