bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal glucose tolerance in young male patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yun Jung Won , Cho Yong Kyun , Park Jung Ho , Kim Hong Joo , Park Dong Il , Sohn Chong Il , Jeon Woo Kyu , Kim Byung Ik 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective: The association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome has been documented for obese men and middle‐aged men. This study was designed to determine the relationship between NAFLD and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to predict preclinical diabetes in nondiabetic young male patients (<30 years old).Methods: A total of 75 male patients who had elevated liver enzymes and who were diagnosed with NAFLD were enrolled in this study. A standard 75 g OGTT was carried out on all patients. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were defined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level ≥100 mg/dl but <126 mg/dl, and a 2‐h post‐load glucose on the OGTT of ≥140 mg/dl, but <200 mg/dl respectively.Results: According to the OGTT results, 24 (32%) patients were diagnosed as having IGT and 12 (16%) patients were diagnosed as having diabetes. Among the 48 patients with normal fasting glucose, 18 (37.6%) patients showed abnormal glucose tolerance (15 had IGT and three had diabetes). The NAFLD patients with abnormal glucose tolerance showed significant differences in age, weight, body mass index, waist–hip ratio, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, FPG and homeostasis model for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Multiple regression analysis showed that age, FPG and HOMA‐IR were independent predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance.Conclusions: Although the patients were young men, an OGTT should be recommended for NAFLD patients with elevated liver enzymes and IFG to predict the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Autonomic dysfunction in chronic liver disease
Authors: Frith James , Newton Julia L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAutonomic dysfunction (AD) is common in chronic liver disease (CLD) of all aetiologies and even more so in those awaiting transplantation. As yet, the pathophysiology is not completely understood but the clinical effects are dramatic for the patient, who has a heavy symptomatic burden. There are several considerations, specific to liver disease, which complicate AD. Outlined here is a practical guide for clinicians detailing the common presentations and consequences of AD, investigation techniques and treatment options. As morbidity and mortality is increased in CLD patients with AD its recognition, investigation and management is important to all who encounter such patients.
Clinical Demonstration of Skin Mildness and Suitability for Sensitive Infant Skin of a New Baby Wipe
Authors: Adam Ralf , Schnetz Baerbel , Mathey Petra , Pericoi Marc , De Prost Yves 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  Background:  A cleansing baby wipe with sufficient pH buffering capacity may help to restore the pH balance of skin following exposure to urine and feces in the diaper environment and maintain skin health.Objective:  To evaluate the skin effects of a novel baby wipe formulation with increased pH buffering.Subjects and Methods:  A series of clinical studies was designed and conducted to evaluate the skin effects of the new baby wipe, including a 21‐day cumulative skin irritation patch study in adults (n = 31), a 4‐week study in babies with medically confirmed atopic dermatitis (n = 32), a 2‐week study comparing skin pH of babies (n = 15) following use of wipes compared with water and wash cloth, a series of clinical skin pH measurements following fecal exposure and subsequent cleaning with different products (n = 50) and a study evaluating comfort of product application on irritated skin (n = 31).Results:  The wipes formulation was well‐tolerated, even in babies with atopic dermatitis, and was more comfortable versus water and washcloth. Increased buffering capacity of a wet wipes lotion helps to maintain a physiologically balanced skin pH value in the diaper region.
Predicting Treatment Seekers' Readiness to Change Their Drinking Behavior in the COMBINE Study
Authors: DiClemente Carlo C. , Doyle Suzanne R. , Donovan Dennis 
Published: March 2009

Background:  Initial motivation and readiness to change (RTC) are complex constructs and have been important but inconsistent predictors of treatment attendance and drinking outcomes in studies of alcoholism treatment. Motivation can be described in multiple ways as simply the accumulation of consequences that push change, a shift in intentions, or engagement in various tasks that are part of a larger process of change.Method:  Using baseline data from participants in the COMBINE Study, this study reevaluated the psychometric properties of a 24‐item measure of motivation derived from the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale that yielded 4 subscales representing attitudes and experiences related to tasks of stages of Precontemplation, Contemplation, Action, and Maintenance Striving as well as a second‐order factor score representing a multidimensional view of RTC drinking. A variety of hypothesized predictors of readiness and the stage subscales were examined using multiple regression analyses to better understand the nature of this measure of motivation.Results:  Findings supported the basic subscale structure and the overall motivational readiness score derived from this measure. RTC drinking behavior was predicted by baseline measures of perceived stress, drinking severity, psychiatric comorbidity, self‐efficacy, craving, and positive treatment outcome expectancies. However, absolute values were small, indicating that readiness for change is not explained simply by demographic, drinking severity, treatment, change process, or contextual variables.Conclusion:  This measure demonstrated good psychometric properties and results supported the independence as well as convergent and divergent validity of the measured constructs. Predictors of overall readiness and subscale scores indicate that a variety of personal and contextual factors contribute to treatment seekers' motivation to change in an understandable but complex manner.
Are Intellectual Property Rights Hindering Technological Advance? The Need for Technological Commons1
Authors: Rouvinen Petri , Stankiewicz Rikard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the last quarter century, the scope of patenting has been expanded, the requirements for patentability have been lowered, the experimental use exemption has been narrowed, and patent holders' rights have been strengthened. New actors, most notably universities, have become involved. These changes threaten technological advance by hindering the emergence and utilization of design spaces, understood as metaphorical toolboxes shared by professions and comprised of basic elements and their relations routinely used for problem solving. While abstract, broad, and low‐quality intellectual property per se constitutes a problem, it is particularly so when it comes to a design space, in the context of which knowledge has to be accessed in bundles, and large domains of further inquiry are at stake. The article calls for action in securing technological commons that, at least historically, have been provided via publicly funded research at universities and elsewhere.
Conclusion: International Political Economy—The Reverse Salient of Innovation Theory
Authors: Taylor Mark Zachary 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis conclusion attempts to answer three sets of questions regarding our experiment in cross‐field collaboration: What did we find and were these findings cohesive? What did our findings add to the debate? What are the implications of our findings, and, more importantly, what's next? It suggests that politics have become a “reverse salient” in innovation theory. Specifically, innovation scholars have yet to devise a theory that fully incorporates distributive politics and their security and competitiveness implications into a general explanation of technological change. This gap is holding back progress in fields that depend on innovation as an explanatory variable. It should therefore be made a priority for innovation scholars across the social sciences.
Effects of implant geometry, surface properties, and TGF‐β1 on peri‐implant bone response: an experimental study in goats
Authors: Schouten C. , Meijer G. J. , Van Den Beucken J. J. J. P. , Spauwen P. H. M. , Jansen J. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives: Despite the high success rates in implantology, the desire to use oral implants in more challenging clinical situations drives the need for continuing refinements in implant design and surface properties. In the present study, the effect of implant geometry on implant bone response was evaluated using two geometrically different implant types, i.e. screw type (St) and push‐in type(Pi). Furthermore, the potential beneficial effect of an electrosprayed calcium phosphate (CaP) coating, either or not enriched with the osteoinductive growth factor TGF‐β1, on the osteogenic response was examined.Material and methods: A total of 54 implants, divided into six groups (n=9), were inserted into the femoral condyles of nine goats. After an implantation period of 12 weeks, retrieved specimens were evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. Measurements were statistically evaluated using SPSS 14.0 and analyzed using a linear regression model.Results: With respect to implant design, St‐implants showed an overall superior biological healing response compared with Pi‐implants. Considering surface properties, the deposition of an electrosprayed CaP (2–3 μm) coating onto implants significantly increased the amount of bone–implant contact for both implant types. Additional enrichment of the CaP coating with the osteoinductive growth factor TGF‐β1 did not significantly affect peri‐implant bone response.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that a substantial improvement of the osteogenic response to titanium implants can be achieved by the deposition of an electrosprayed CaP coating. The enrichment of the coating with 1 μg TGF‐β1 has only a marginal effect.
Five‐year results of fixed implant‐supported rehabilitations with distal cantilevers for the edentulous mandible
Authors: Gallucci German O. , Doughtie Camden B. , Hwang Jae Woong , Fiorellini Joseph P. , Weber Hans‐Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rate, success rate and primary complications associated with mandibular fixed implant‐supported rehabilitations with distal cantilevers over 5 years of function.Material and methods: In this prospective multi‐center trial, 45 fully edentulous patients were treated with implant‐supported mandibular hybrid prostheses with distal extension cantilevers. Data were collected at numerous time points, including but not limited to: implant placement, abutment placement, final prosthesis delivery, 3 months and 5 years post‐loading. Biological, implant and prosthetic parameters defining survival and success were evaluated for each implant including: sulcus bleeding ndex (SBI) at four sites per implant, width of facial and lingual keratinized gingiva (mm), peri‐implant mucosal level (mid‐facial from the top of the implant collar, measured in mm), modified plaque index (MPI) at four sites per implant, mobility and peri‐implant radiolucency. Survival was defined as implants or prostheses that did not need to be replaced. Success rate was defined as meeting well‐established criteria that were chosen to indicate healthy peri‐implant mucosa osseointegration, prostheses success and complications.Results: A total of 237 implants in 45 completely edentulous patients were included in the study. In each patient, four to six implants were placed to support hybrid prostheses with distal cantilevers. Cantilevers ranged in length from 6 to 21 mm, with an average length of 15.6 mm. The ages of the patients ranged from 34 to 78 with a mean age of 59.5 years. The survival rate of implants was 100% (237/237) and for prostheses 95.5% (43/45). The overall treatment success rate was calculated as 86.7% (39/45). Of the six patients that have not met the criteria for success, two patients required replacement of the entire prosthesis and four patients presented >four complications events.Conclusion: Fixed implant‐supported rehabilitation with distal cantilever resulted in a reliable treatment modality over the 5‐year observation period. Although biological parameters of MPI, SBI, keratinized tissue and peri‐implant mucosal levels showed statistically significant differences over time, the mean values for each patient remained within the normal limits of oral health. Complications were categorized as biological or technical. The majority of complications were technical complications (54/79) and of these most involved fracture of the acrylic teeth and base (20/54). While the survival rate was 100% for implants and 95.5% for prostheses, the application of strict criteria for treatment success resulted in an overall treatment success rate of 86.7%.
Apoptosis inducing and differentiation enhancement effect of oridonin on the all‐trans‐retinoic acid‐sensitive and ‐resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
Authors: GAO F. , TANG Q. , YANG P. , FANG Y. , LI W. , WU Y. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryWe investigated the effects of oridonin (Ori), a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, on apoptosis and differentiation of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA)‐sensitive (NB4) and ATRA‐resistant (NB4‐R1) cells. The results showed that reactive oxygen species initiates Ori‐induced apoptosis. In addition, we found that neither Ori nor ATRA (10 nm) alone induced marked cell differentiation, while co‐treatment of these two compounds can induce differentiation of NB4 and NB4‐R1 cells which was accompanied by increased RARα, C/EBPε or C/EBPβ. This is the first report to show that RARα could be accumulated by Ori which may be useful as a probe to investigate the mechanism of RARα catabolism. These results suggest that Ori is a potential candidate for acute promyelocytic leukemia cancer therapy.
Galanin Receptor Subtype 2 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in p53 Mutant Head and Neck Cancer Cells
Authors: Kanazawa Takeharu , Kommareddi Pavan K. , Iwashita Toshihide , Kumar Bhavna , Misawa Kiyoshi , Misawa Yuki , Jang Ilwhan , Nair Thankam S. , Iino Yukiko , Carey Thomas E. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Galanin and its three receptors (GALR1-3) are expressed in many normal tissues, but silenced in some tumors. Contradictory roles for galanin and its receptors in various tumors have been reported. To understand their function, investigations of individual galanin receptors are necessary. In head and neck squamous carcinoma cells (HNSCC) with silenced GALR1 and GALR2, we showed that reexpressed GALR1 suppresses tumor cell proliferation via Erk1/2-mediated effects on cdk inhibitors and cyclin D1. Others showed that GALR2 could induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells with wild-type p53, whereas GALR2 stimulated proliferation in small cell lung cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of GALR2 in HNSCC cells that have mutant p53 and do not express GALR1.
Experimental Design: UM-SCC-1, a human oral carcinoma cell line with a splice site mutation causing a 46-bp p53 off-frame deletion, was stably transfected to express GALR2 (UM-SCC-1-GALR2).
Results: Galanin treatment of UM-SCC-1-GALR2 caused morphologic changes and a marked decrease in cell number that were not observed in UM-SCC-1-mock cells. Galanin and GALR2 resulted in decreased bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, p27Kip1 and p57Kip2 up-regulation, and decreased cyclin D1 expression. These effects were similar to GALR1 signaling in HNSCC, but GALR2 also induced caspase-3–dependent apoptosis, which was confirmed by Annexin-V staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. These were not observed with GALR1.
Conclusion: This study shows that GALR2 reexpression can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in HNSCC cells with mutant p53. GALR2 may be a feasible target for HNSCC therapy.
Molecular determinants of response to matuzumab in combination with paclitaxel for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Schittenhelm Marcus M. , Kollmannsberger Christian , Oechsle Karin , Harlow Amy , Morich Jason , Honecker Friedemann , Kurek Raffael , Störkel Stephan , Kanz Lothar , Corless Christopher L. , Wong Kwok-Kin , Bokemeyer Carsten , Heinrich Michael C. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Antibodies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have proven to be effective in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that express EGFR. We recently published a phase I study of weekly matuzumab plus paclitaxel. This therapy was well tolerated and showed clinical responses in the majority of patients. Although matuzumab displays potent antitumor activity in some patients, not all patients respond well to treatment. Whether dysregulation of EGFR-mediated pathways precludes or sensitizes cells to paclitaxel is unknown. We sought to determine molecular predictive factors for therapy response in a phase I/II study patient cohort treated with matuzumab ± paclitaxel. Twenty-three cases [including one complete response (CR), three partial responses (PR), 10 stable diseases (SD)] were screened using immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), PCR/sequencing and denaturing wave high performance liquid chromatography (D-HPLC) for expression, amplification, and mutation status of EGFR and downstream signaling pathways. All patients with PR or CR displayed an either high overall or single-cell EGFR expression in the majority of cells. In addition, all of the moderate responders, who achieved SD after at least two cycles of therapy, showed diffuse EGFR expression rates and/or strong single-cell EGFR expression. In contrast, 44% of the nonresponders showed low overall or single-cell EGFR expression levels. No low-expressing EGFR cases were present within the responder group. In addition, among patients with a gain-of-function mutation in KRAS primary therapy failure and/or short responses to therapy were observed. Our data suggest that EGFR expression and KRAS mutation status is predictive for clinical response to matuzumab ± paclitaxel in patients with advanced NSCLC. [Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(3):481–9]
Assessment of the Quality of MODIS Cloud Products from Radiance Simulations
Authors: Ham Seung-Hee , Sohn Byung-Ju , Yang Ping , Baum Bryan A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Observations made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), and CloudSat are synergistically used to evaluate the accuracy of theoretical simulations of the radiances at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). Specifically, TOA radiances of 15 MODIS bands are simulated for overcast, optically thick, and single-phase clouds only over the ocean from 60°N to 60°S, corresponding to about 12% of all the MODIS cloud observations. Plane parallel atmosphere is assumed in the simulation by restricting viewing/solar zenith angle to be less than 40°. Input data for the radiative transfer model (RTM) are obtained from the operational MODIS-retrieved cloud optical thickness, effective radius, and cloud-top pressure (converted to height) collocated with the AIRS-retrieved temperature and humidity profiles. In the RTM, ice cloud bulk scattering properties, based on theoretical scattering computations and in situ microphysical data, are used for the radiative transfer simulations. The results show that radiances for shortwave bands between 0.466 and 0.857 μm appear to be very accurate with errors on the order of 5%, implying that MODIS cloud parameters provide sufficient information for the radiance simulations. However, simulated radiances for the 1.24-, 1.63-, and 3.78-μm bands do not agree as well with the observed radiances as a result of the use of a single effective radius for a cloud layer that may be vertically inhomogeneous in reality. Furthermore, simulated radiances for the water vapor absorption bands located near 0.93 and 1.38 μm show positive biases, whereas the window bands from 8.5 to 12 μm show negative biases compared to observations, likely due to the less accurate estimate of cloud-top and cloud-base heights. It is further shown that the accuracies of the simulations for water vapor and window bands can be substantially improved by accounting for the vertical cloud distribution provided by the CALIPSO and CloudSat measurements.
The prognostic value of exercise testing
Authors: Palange P. 
Published: March 2009

Educational aimsTo examine the role of clinical exercise testing in the prognostic evaluation of patients with chronic lung heart diseases.To discuss the prognostic importance of variables in the evaluation of patients with chronic lung and heart disease.SummaryResting pulmonary function measurements have been shown to be of great value in the prognosis of a wide range of pulmonary and cardiac diseases. However, they cannot show the whole picture.Exercise testing, and its associated variables, can provide useful prognostic information in diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD), cystic fibrosis (CF), primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) and chronic heart failure (CHF).
Bridging the Distance: Educating Nurses for Telehealth Practice
Authors: Sevean Patricia , Dampier Sally , Spadoni Michelle , Strickland Shane , Pilatzke Susan 
Published: March 2009

Background:
The aim of this research project was to explore the impact of telehealth technology on health assessments performed by nurses delivering health services to isolated populations.

Method:

Nurses performing preoperative and oncology assessments for clients in remote communities via telehealth received training. Education workshops were delivered to nurses (
N
= 37) in 13 communities across Northwestern Ontario.

Results/Conclusion:
Presurveys and postsurveys indicated that the nurses were receptive to the mode of delivery and the content was relevant to their telehealth practice.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(9):413–418.
Tiny Crystals Surviving above the Melting Temperature and Acting as Growth Nuclei of the High-Tc Superconductor Microstructure
Authors: Tournier Robert F. 
Published: March 2009

Magnetic field texturing of superconducting oxides has shown the possible existence of
intrinsic solid nuclei surviving above the melting temperature Tm and governing the solidification.
Tiny crystals could survive above Tm and act as growth nuclei with undercooling ratios θ= (T-Tm)/Tm
larger than the theoretical value −2/3 if a negative supplementary volume energy −ε v is added in the
Gibbs free energy change associated to the formation of a critical cluster. A double layer of opposite
charges could create the solid-liquid interface electrostatic -εv. The observed maximum values θ1 and
the dimensionless surface energies α1ls calculated for 38 elements assuming that their melts
homogeneous, used to determine εv(θ). The εv values at T=Tm were equal to 21.7% of the fusion
heat per volume unit. The quantity α2ls
3×	Sm was nearly the same for all elements, α2ls being the
dimensionless surface energy and	Sm the fusion entropy. After melting these tiny crystals around
Tm2=1.20Tm, all the undercooling ratios could tend to -2/3. The bidimensional texture of Bi2212,
Bi2223 tapes can be induced by these nuclei during crystal growth when the prereacted compounds in
the sheath are melted and annealed at a weak overheating temperature smaller than a critical value.