bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘HPV vulvitis’ revisited: frequent and persistent detection of novel epidermodysplasia verruciformis‐associated HPV genotypes
Authors: Lin Ming‐Tseh , Rohwedder Angela , Mysliborski Judith , Leopold Kathryn , Wilson Vincent L. , Carlson J. Andrew 
Published: January 2008

Background:  ‘Human papillomavirus (HPV) vulvitis’ is a disputed entity where most studies examining for genital‐mucosal (GM) HPV have been negative.Methods:  Using degenerate and type specific primers for cutaneous (CU), GM and epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) HPV types, the prevalence of specific HPV types was investigated in biopsy specimens from 19 women with ‘HPV vulvitis’, seven with asymptomatic vulvar squamous papillomatosis (ASxVSP), and controls of vulvar fibroepithelial polyps (FEP) (15), vulvar condyloma (10) and normal vulva (NV) (10).Results:  HPV DNA/EV HPV/GM HPV/CU HPV were detected in 84/74/47/5% of vulvitis patients, 78/71/0/28% of ASxVSP, 47/20/20/7% of FEP, 10/10%/0/0 of NV and 100/0/100/10% of condyloma. Fourteen putatively novel HPV genotypes were detected in vulvitis and ASxVSP patients, but not in controls. The two most frequent novel EV HPV, Alb‐4 and DL285, were detected in 9/19 (47%) and 5/19 (26%) of vulvitis cases and were persistently identified in serial biopsies. HPV co‐infection and Alb‐4 infection occurred significantly more frequently in vulvitis patients, particularly those complaining of ‘burning’ (62/62% vs. 17/7%, p ≤ 0.004). Koilocytosis was identified significantly more frequently in vulvitis compared with non‐condyloma controls (81% vs. 40%, p = 0.0001), and its presence correlated with detection of HPV DNA (r = 0.3, p = 0.002).Conclusion:  The high frequency of novel EV HPV in HPV vulvitis and correlation of clinicopathologic findings with HPV DNA suggests that HPV vulvitis may indeed exist.
The 3G5 antigen is expressed in dermal mast cells but not pericytes
Authors: Gushi Akira , Tanaka Masashi , Tsuyama Shinichiro , Nagai Taku , Kanzaki Tamotsu , Kanekura Takuro , Matsuyama Takami 
Published: January 2008

Background:  It has been shown that the 3G5 antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody 3G5 (mAb 3G5) is a useful marker of pericytes in normal human skin. However, most 3G5 antigen‐expressing cells in capillary vessels were stained negatively for α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), a prominent pericyte marker. This study was designed to determine whether the expression of the 3G5 antigen is restricted to specific stages of pericyte development, or if it is expressed in other cells rather than pericytes in capillary vessels.Methods:  3G5 antigen‐expressing cells were detected in normal human skin, granulating tissues from decubitus ulcers and inflammatory psoriatic skin with extensive angiogenesis using double immunofluorescent staining with mAb 3G5 and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to various pericyte markers, tryptase and chymase. Furthermore, using immunoelectron microscopy, 3G5 antigen‐expressing cells were observed in the granulating tissues.Results:  The immunoelectron microscopic findings and double immunofluorescent staining (using mAb 3G5 and either anti‐tryptase or anti‐chymase mAbs) showed that 3G5 antigen‐expressing cells were mast cells in normal skin, granulating tissues and psoriatic skin.Conclusions:  The results indicated that 3G5 antigen is a marker of mast cells, but not of pericytes in normal and diseased skin.
Association between promoter and coding region mutations of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and β‐thalassemia/Hb E with cholelithiasis
Authors: Tankanitlert Jeeranut , Morales Noppawan P. , Fucharoen Pranee , Fucharoen Suthat , Chantharaksri Udom 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackground and objectives: Cholelithiasis has been observed with high incidence in beta‐thalassemia/hemoglobin E (β‐thal/Hb E). Recent studies have shown that a variant TATA‐box in the promoter region of the UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene is associated with the development of cholelithiasis. The coding region mutation (G71R) of the UGT1A1 gene was higher in Asians than those in Caucasians. The relationship between the variant UGT1A1 promoter and coding region gene and cholelithiasis in β‐thal/Hb E subjects were investigated.Methods: One hundred and seventeen β‐thal/Hb E subjects entered this study. The TATA‐box and G71R mutations were analyzed by fragment size analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, respectively.Results: The incidence of cholelithiasis was higher in heterozygous (68.3%) and homozygous (100%) subjects compared with normal UGT1A1 haplotype (61.4%). Total bilirubin level (6.0 ± 2.03 mg/dL) in the homozygous group was significantly higher than that of wild type (3.31 ± 1.83 ng/dL). Prevalence of cholelithiasis increased with age (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.03–1.12, P < 0.001). Female gender (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.3–10.6, P < 0.01) and elevated liver enzyme (OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.0–1.04, P < 0.02) were two other risk factors for cholethiasis in β‐thal/Hb E.Conclusion: This study shows that the combined TATA‐box variants and G71R mutations of the UGT1A1 is associated with cholelithiasis in β‐thal/Hb E.
Adverse health effects related to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of three‐year olds
Authors: Johansson AnnaKarin , Ludvigsson Johnny , Hermansson Göran 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAim: To analyse the importance of mothers' smoking during pregnancy and/or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in early childhood for children's health and well‐being at the age of 3 years.Methods: Four groups from a population based cohort (n = 8850) were compared: children with nonsmoking mother during pregnancy and nonsmoking parents at the age of 3 years (n = 7091); children with only foetal exposure (n = 149); children exposed only postnatally (n = 895) and children exposed both pre‐ and postnatally (n = 595). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results: Children exposed both pre‐ and postnatally had more wheezing (1.14; 1.07–1.21) and rhinitis (1.16; 1.06–1.26), used more cough‐mixture (1.07; 1.01–1.14) and broncodilatating drugs (1.08; 1.02–1.15) and suffered more from excessive crying (1.31; 1.13–1.51) and irritability (1.27; 1.09–1.48) compared to children with nonsmoking parents. Children exposed only postnatally had more rhinitis (1.24; 1.12–1.37), used more cough‐mixture (1.14; 1.05–1.29) and suffered more from poor sleep (1.26; 1.07–1.47) than children of nonsmoking parents. Children with prenatal exposure only used more broncodilatating drugs (1.45; 1.03–2.04) and suffered more from poor sleep (2.06; 1.09–3.87).Conclusion: Health differences, small but significant, indicate that prenatal and/or postnatal ETS exposure alone, or in combination, seems to interfere with child health, supporting the importance of zero tolerance. However, as most smoking parents in Sweden try to protect their children from ETS exposure, the results also might indicate that protective measures are worthwhile.
A genetic cause for neonatal encephalopathy: incontinentia pigmenti with NEMO mutation
Authors: Loh Ne‐Ron , Jadresic Lyda P , Whitelaw Andrew 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIncontinentia pigmenti (IP) is not generally recognized as a cause of neonatal encephalopathy. A full‐term infant developed a rash and encephalopathy with lesions in the basal ganglia and periventricular white matter 3 days after a normal delivery. Typical skin changes of IP were confirmed by histology and mutation analysis of the NFκB essential modulator (NEMO) gene.Conclusion: The mechanism of brain injury appears to be increased apoptosis after inflammation and this condition should be included in differential diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy if skin lesions are present.
Maternal chronic hepatitis B virus does not affect neonatal biotinidase activity
Authors: Vlachos George D , Schulpis Kleopatra H , Papakonstantinou Evangelos , Papadakis Miltiadis , Elefsiniotis Ioannis , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Antsaklis Aris 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackround: Biotinidase activity is closely related to liver function.Aim: To evaluate whether maternal chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects neonatal biotinidase activity.Patients and Methods: Twenty‐three asymptomatic pregnant women with HBV (group A) and 28 healthy pregnant women (controls) in the delivery room and their newborns (cord blood) underwent laboratory examinations. Serological HBV and liver function tests were performed with standard techniques, while biotinidase activity was measured with an HPLC method.Results: Serological HBV tests and HBV DNA showed chronic HBV (precore mutant G1896A) in group A, whereas anti‐HBc and anti‐HBe were detected in their neonates. Liver function chemistry was found normal in controls and both groups of newborns. Moderately increased transaminases were found in the infected mothers. Interestingly, albumin levels did not differ among the studied groups. Biotinidase activity in HBV mothers (5.76 ± 0.6 nmol/min/mL) was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) as compared to controls (8.43 ± 0.65 nmol/min/mL). The enzyme activity did not differ among the neonates. Biotinidase activity inversely correlated with transaminases but not with albumin or with HBV‐DNA levels.Conclusions: Decreased biotinidase activities were evaluated in mothers with HBV and normal in their neonates. Biotin supplementation in the diseased mothers may prevent possible symptoms due to biotin recycling impairment.
Influence of Interimplant Distance on Bone Microstructure: A Histomorphometric Study in Dogs
Authors: Traini Tonino , Novaes Arthur B. , Papalexiou Vula , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTThe microstructure of the crestal alveolar bone is important for both the maintenance of osseointegration and the location of the gingival soft tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the bone microstructure of the alveolar bone and of the interimplant bone in implants inserted at different interimplant distances. The mandibular bilateral premolars of six dogs were extracted, and after 12 weeks, each dog received eight implants, for a total of 48 implants. Two pairs of implants, one for each hemiarch, were separated by 2 mm (group 1) and by 3 mm (group 2). After 12 weeks, the implants received temporary acrylic prostheses. After four more weeks, metallic crowns substituted the temporary prostheses. After an additional 8 weeks the animals were sacrificed and the hemimandibles were removed, dissected, and processed. The longitudinal collagen fiber orientation was 43.2% for the alveolar bone; it was 30.3% for the 2‐mm group and 43.9% for the 3‐mm group. There was a statistically significant difference between the 2‐mm and 3‐mm groups (p < .05). The orientation of transverse collagen fibers was 47.8% for the alveolar bone; it was 37.3% for the 2‐mm group and 56.3% for the 3‐mm group. There was a statistically significant difference between the 2‐mm and 3‐mm groups (p < .05). The marrow spaces were 34.87% for the alveolar bone, 52.3% for the 2‐mm group, and 59.9% for the 3‐mm group. There was a statistically significant difference between the alveolar bone and the 3‐mm group (p < .05). The low mineral density index was 36.29 for the alveolar bone, 46.76 for the 2‐mm group, and 17.91 for the 3‐mm group. There was a statistically significant difference between the 2‐mm and 3‐mm groups (p < .05). The high mineral density was 87.57 for the alveolar bone, 72.58 for the 2‐mm group, and 84.91 for the 3‐mm group. There was a statistically significant difference between the alveolar bone and the 2‐mm group (p < .05). The collagen fiber orientation resulted in statistically significant differences in both the 2‐mm and 3‐mm groups compared with the alveolar bone. The marrow spaces appeared significantly increased in the 3‐mm group compared with the alveolar bone. The low mineral density index was significantly higher in the 2‐mm group, while the high mineral density index was significantly higher in the alveolar bone. In conclusion, the interimplant distance should not be less than 3 mm.
Evaluations of Bone Tissue Integration to Pure and Alloyed Titanium Implants
Authors: Stenport Victoria Franke , Johansson Carina B. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study was performed for comparisons of tissue integration to commercially pure (CP) and titanium‐6‐aluminum‐4 vanadium (Ti‐6‐Al‐4V) implants using various existing three‐dimensional biomechanical and two‐dimensional histomorphometrical techniques, and to monitor the loosening torque during in vivo removal torque (RTQ) test with a novel unit not used before in a pilot study in rabbits.Materials and Methods: The implants were topographically characterized and inserted in femurs and tibiae of five rabbits (in total 40 implants, 20 per group). After 16 weeks, the implant integration was biomechanically evaluated by: (1) resonance frequency test, and (2) peak RTQ test and the graph from the monitoring curve. Biopsies of the implants in situ were processed to undecalcified cut and ground sections followed by light microscopical quantifications. Shear strength calculations were performed.Results: Significantly higher mean value of RTQ (p = .01) and shear strength tests (p = .03) were observed for the CP titanium implants compared to Ti‐6‐Al‐4V implants. The monitoring curve from the RTQ test demonstrated no differences in the shape or form that could provide further information about the differences in the implant‐to‐bone attachment.Conclusions: The CP titanium implants showed increased RTQ and shear strength values compared to the Ti‐6‐Al‐4V implants. The new tool of monitoring the RTQ curve could not demonstrate differences between the two materials. The exact influence of the implant materials on the surrounding tissues needs to be further investigated.
The Bone Tissue Responses to Prehydrated and Collagenated Cortico‐Cancellous Porcine Bone Grafts: A Study in Rabbit Maxillary Defects
Authors: Nannmark Ulf , Sennerby Lars 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Bone substitutes should have osteoconductive properties and be completely replaced with new bone with time. Adding collagen gel to prehydrated and collagenated porcine bone (PCPB) particles results in a sticky and moldable material which facilitates clinical handling. However, the possible influence of the gel on the bone tissue response is not known.Purpose: The objective of the study was to evaluate the bone tissue responses to PCPB graft with or without collagen gel and to evaluate the resorption/degradation properties of the biomaterials.Materials and Methods: Fourteen rabbits were used in the study. Bilateral bone defects, 5 × 8 × 3 mm, were created in the maxilla and filled with PCPB + collagen gel (test) or with PCPB only (control) and covered with a collagen membrane. Animals were killed after 2 (n = 3), 4 (n = 3), and 8 weeks (n = 8) for histological and morphometrical evaluations.Results: There were no differences between test and control defects. Both materials showed bone formation directly on the particles by typical osteoblastic seams. The bone area increased with time (2–8 weeks) for both sides, from 16.2% (control) and 19.2% (test) to 42.7 and 43.8%, respectively. The PCPB, whether mixed with collagen gel or not, was resorbed by osteoclasts as well as part of remodeling with the formation of osteons within the particles. Morphometry showed a decrease of PCPB area from 19.4% (control) and 23.8% (test) after 2 weeks to 3.7 and 9.3% after 8 weeks, respectively.Conclusions: Mixing collagen gel and PCPB to facilitate the clinical handling does not influence the bone tissue responses to the material, which exhibited osteoconductive properties and was resorbed with time.
Complications of Computer‐Aided‐Design/Computer‐Aided‐Machining‐Guided (NobelGuide™) Surgical Implant Placement: An Evaluation of Early Clinical Results
Authors: Yong Loong Tee , Moy Peter K. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate early clinical results of computer‐aided design (CAD)/computer‐aided machining (CAM)‐guided surgical implant placement (NobelGuide™, Nobel Biocare, Yorba Linda, CA, USA) with focus on surgical and/or prosthetic complications, management, and prevention.Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients rehabilitated between March 2003 and October 2006 with CAD/CAM‐guided dental implants and immediate loading (NobelGuide, Nobel Biocare) were evaluated. The treatment planning and procedures were carried out in accordance to the system protocol. The complications encountered in this case series were classified and assessed according to early (planning and procedural – surgical; prosthetic) and late complications (surgical; prosthetic).Results: The prosthetic complications outnumbered surgical complications both in the early and late treatment phases. The main early surgical complication was bony interference that prevented complete seating of the prostheses. Most of the late surgical complications were implant failures with an overall failure rate of 9%. Fracture of the carbon fiber framework prosthesis was the main late prosthetic complication.Conclusions: The NobelGuide system is a reliable treatment modality, but not without its complications. Strict adherence to the system protocol is the key prevention of complications.
The Virginal Conception and Its Meanings
Authors: O'Collins Gerald 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn Jeffrey Archer's The Gospel According to Judas, Judas dismisses the virginal conception of Jesus as no more than another example of ‘Greek myths that tell of gods in heaven who produce offspring following a union with women of this earth’. To attribute such a view to a first-century Jew like Judas seems strange, since the earliest evidence shows Jewish critics of the Christian movement rejecting the virginal conception as a case of illegitimacy. In any case such Greek myths do not provide plausible sources for the two Gospel accounts of the virginal conception. Yet such merely historical debate is insufficient. One should press on to illustrate the religious significance and theological importance of the virginal conception within the whole story of Jesus: for instance, the role of this conception in revealing the Trinity at work for human salvation.
Contesting Literary Biography in the Romantic Period: The Foreshadowing of Psychological Biography
Authors: Darcy Jane 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis essay surveys critical approaches to Romantic literary biography, both by Romantic writers themselves and by recent scholars. While accepting the argument that an epistemological shift in the late eighteenth century saw the emergence of interest in subjective experience as recorded in the new genre of full‐length biography, it rejects the centrality some scholars have placed on the debate over whether literary biography was an ‘art’ rather than a ‘science’. Rather it suggests that the central debate was over the depiction of the ‘inner man’. Does the imperative for biographical ‘truth’ sanction the publication of revelations – often scandalous or shocking – of a subject's private life? Or is the ‘truth’ to be found in Carlyle's insistence on the transcendent powers of the visionary poet? Key biographies will be considered, including those of Gray, Burns, Cowper and Byron, as will key biographers, including Mason, Hayley, Currie, Lockhart, Southey, Moore and Carlyle. The relative importance of biographical commentators James Stanfield and Isaac D’Israeli forms an important part of this discussion. D’Israeli's introduction from his reading of the new German psychology of the term ‘psychological character’ is an important step on the royal road that will lead to Freudian biography.
Emergency medicine in Sri Lanka: The inevitable evolution to a new specialty
Authors: Tan Gim , Goonasekera Chula , Curran Shane 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSri Lanka is a low‐income country with a relatively advanced, equitable and accessible health‐care system offered to its 20 million populations free of charge through a national pro‐poor health policy. Its weaknesses in emergency services, however, surfaced in 2004 when it faced the Tsunami, the worst natural disaster of the world of the 21st century. Since then, the local health community with the assistance of the government and foreign aid agencies have embarked on a path to establish emergency services, improve its preparedness for disaster management and establishment of emergency medicine training. The present article traces this path and how it is evolving in the country.
First aid for jellyfish stings: Do we really know what we are doing?
Authors: Little Mark 
Published: January 2008

AbstractJellyfish stings remains a common envenoming, and yet confusion appears to exist in the community as to the correct first aid. Current guidelines from the Australian Resuscitation Council still recommends ice for most jellyfish stiings, although there appears to belittle evidence to support this. There is more evidence supporting the use of hot water. More research is required to simplify first aid for jellyfish stings.
Postfire Vegetation Recovery in Highland Pine Forests of the Dominican Republic
Authors: Kennedy Lisa M. , Horn Sally P. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTWe surveyed postfire vegetation at five sites at high elevations (> 2000 m) in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. Highlands of the Cordillera Central are dominated by a single pine species, Pinus occidentalis, but plant communities are rich with endemics and conservation and fire management efforts in these systems are ongoing. The burns were 2–7 yr in age and had consumed nearly all shrub crowns. Pines suffered high mortality (> 50%, all sites combined), but shrubs resprouted at high rates (88%, N= 957) after fire. All shrub taxa produced basal resprouts; eight of 11 shrub taxa measured had resprouting rates > 90 percent, while Baccharis myrsinites had the lowest (56%). Most taxa grew to prefire height quickly (within 5–7 yr), with regrowth of stem diameters lagging behind. Patterns and rates of shrub recovery resembled those documented in high elevation shrublands in Costa Rica and Brazil. Pinus occidentalis does not resprout, but larger individuals can survive fire. Survival increases dramatically when trees attain > 13‐cm dbh, when bark becomes thick enough to protect cambial tissue. Overall, pines are regenerating much more slowly than shrubs, but seedling establishment varied considerably between sites. Frequent fires may cause a decline in pines and an increase in shrub‐ or grass‐dominated communities. Succession in these high elevation fire‐dependent pine forests favors taxa already present in the preburn vegetation, with woody composition changing little after fire, in contrast to lower‐elevation cloud forest, where postfire vegetation has been shown to bear little resemblance to mature forest even after several years.
Kinematic α-effect in isotropic turbulence simulations
Authors: Sur Sharanya , Brandenburg Axel , Subramanian Kandaswamy 
Published: January 2008

AbstractUsing numerical simulations at moderate magnetic Reynolds numbers up to 220, it is shown that in the kinematic regime, isotropic helical turbulence leads to an α-effect and a turbulent diffusivity whose values are independent of the magnetic Reynolds number, Rm, provided Rm exceeds unity. These turbulent coefficients are also consistent with expectations from the first-order smoothing approximation. For small values of Rm, α and turbulent diffusivity are proportional to Rm. Over finite time-intervals, meaningful values of α and turbulent diffusivity can be obtained even when there is small-scale dynamo action that produces strong magnetic fluctuations. This suggests that the fields generated by the small-scale dynamo do not make a correlated contribution to the mean electromotive force.