bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten-Year Follow-Up of 3 Years of Oral Adjuvant Clodronate Therapy Shows Significant Prevention of Osteoporosis in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Saarto Tiina , Vehmanen Leena , Blomqvist Carl , Elomaa Inkeri 
Published: September 2008

Purpose We have previously reported that 3-year adjuvant clodronate treatment prevents bone loss in breast cancer patients. Here we report the 10-year follow-up data of clodronate in the prevention of treatment-related osteoporosis in women with early-stage breast cancer. Patients and Methods Two hundred sixty-eight pre- and postmenopausal, node-positive breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to clodronate, 1.6 g orally administered daily, or to control groups for 3 years. Premenopausal women were treated with adjuvant CMF chemotherapy; and postmenopausal women were treated with antiestrogens, either 20 mg tamoxifen or 60 mg toremifene, for 3 years. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and hip was measured before treatment and at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 years after therapy. Results Eighty-nine disease-free patients were included in the analyses of osteoporosis-free survival. During the 10-year period, 24 of 89 patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis. Fourteen patients developed spinal osteoporosis (three of 41 in the clodronate group, and 11 of 48 in the control group), and 14 of 89 patients were diagnosed with hip osteoporosis (seven of 41 in the clodronate group, and seven of 48 in the control group). The 10-year spinal, osteoporosis-free survival rate was 92.7% in the clodronate group, and 77.0% in the control group (P = .035). No difference was seen in the frequency of hip osteoporosis (85.4% v 82.9%; P = .92). Baseline BMD measurement had a predictive value of 18 of 24 patients (75%) who developed osteoporosis had osteopenia of the lumbar spine at baseline. Conclusion Three years of clodronate therapy significantly reduces the incidence of lumbar spine osteoporosis. Patients at risk of developing osteoporosis are among those who have pretreatment osteopenia, that is, baseline BMD measurement has predictive value.
Racial Composition of Hospitals: Effects on Surgery for Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lathan Christopher S. , Neville Bridget A. , Earle Craig C. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose Black patients undergo potentially curative surgery for early-stage lung cancer at a lower rate when compared with white patients. Our study examines the relationship between the percentage of black patients treated at a hospital to determine whether it affects the likelihood of obtaining cancer-directed surgery for patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods We examined claims data of Medicare-eligible patients with nonmetastatic NSCLC living in areas monitored by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program between 1991 and 2001. Hospitals were categorized by the percentage of black patients seen: ≤ 8%, more than 8% to 29%, and ≥ 30%. Logistic regression with clustering analysis was used to calculate the odds of undergoing surgical resection. Results Among 9,688 patients with NSCLC, 59% of white patients were seen at a hospital that had ≤ 8% black patients, whereas 60% of black patients were seen in hospitals that had ≥ 30% black patients. Regression analysis revealed that hospital racial composition of 30% or greater black patients had a significant negative effect on the likelihood of undergoing surgery for all patients (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.87), with black race (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.85) and being seen at a low-volume hospital (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.0.49 to 0.83) having a significant negative impact on likelihood of undergoing surgery. Conclusion Our study results indicate that patient and hospital characteristics are significant predictors of undergoing surgery for Medicare beneficiaries with localized lung cancer. Further examination of the role of the patient-, provider-, and hospital-level factors, in association with the decision to pursue surgical treatment of localized lung cancers, is needed.
Irinotecan Plus Carboplatin Versus Oral Etoposide Plus Carboplatin in Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: Hermes Andreas , Bergman Bengt , Bremnes Roy , Ek Lars , Fluge Sverre , Sederholm Christer , Sundstrøm Stein , Thaning Lars , Vilsvik Jan , Aasebø Ulf , Sörenson Sverre 
Published: September 2008

Purpose A Japanese randomized trial showed superior survival for patients with extensive-disease (ED) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) receiving irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin. The present trial evaluated the efficacy of irinotecan plus carboplatin (IC) compared with oral etoposide plus carboplatin (EC). Patients and Methods Patients with ED SCLC were randomly assigned to receive either IC, which consisted of carboplatin (area under the curve = 4; Chatelut formula) and irinotecan (175 mg/m2) intravenously both on day 1, or EC, which consisted of carboplatin as in IC and etoposide (120 mg/m2/d) orally on days 1 through 5. Courses were repeated every 3 weeks with four cycles planned. Doses were reduced by one third in patients with a WHO performance status (PS) of 3 to 4 and/or age older than 70 years. Primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points were quality of life (QOL) and complete response (CR) rate. Results Of 220 randomly assigned patients, 209 were eligible for analysis (IC, n = 105; EC, n = 104). Thirty-five percent were older than 70 years, and 47% had a PS of 2 to 4. The groups were well balanced with respect to prognostic factors. OS was inferior in the EC group (hazard ratio = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.87; P = .02). Median survival time was 8.5 months for IC compared with 7.1 months for EC. One-year survival rate was 34% for IC and 24% for EC. CR was seen in 18 IC patients compared with seven EC patients (P = .02). There were no statistically significant differences in hematologic grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea was more common in the IC group. QOL differences were small, with a trend toward prolonged palliation with the IC regimen. Conclusion IC prolongs survival in ED SCLC with slightly better scores for QOL.
Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation for Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Beyond First Remission or Refractory to Chemotherapy
Authors: Bunin Nancy J. , Davies Stella M. , Aplenc Richard , Camitta Bruce M. , DeSantes Kenneth B. , Goyal Rakesh K. , Kapoor Neena , Kernan Nancy A. , Rosenthal Joseph , Smith Franklin O. , Eapen Mary 
Published: September 2008

Purpose Identify prognostic factors that influence outcome after unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients and Methods Included are 268 patients (age ≤ 18 years) with AML in second complete remission (n = 142), relapse (n = 90), or primary induction failure (n = 36) at transplantation. All patients received bone marrow grafts from an unrelated donor and a myeloablative conditioning regimen. Cox regression models were constructed to identify risk factors that influence outcome after transplantation. Results In this analysis, the only risk factor that predicted leukemia recurrence and overall and leukemia-free survival was disease status at transplantation. The 5-year probabilities of leukemia-free survival were 45%, 20%, and 12% for patients who underwent transplantation at second complete remission, relapse, and primary induction failure, respectively. As expected, risk of acute but not chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was lower with T-cell–depleted bone marrow grafts; T-cell–depleted grafts were not associated with higher risks of leukemia recurrence. We observed similar risks of leukemia relapse in patients with and without acute and chronic GVHD. Conclusion Children who underwent transplantation in remission had a superior outcome compared with children who underwent transplantation during relapse or persistent disease. Nevertheless, 20% of children who underwent transplantation in relapse are long-term survivors, suggesting that unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation is an effective therapy in a significant proportion of children with recurrent or primary refractory AML.
Diabetes and Mortality in Men With Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: RTOG 92-02
Authors: Smith Matthew R. , Bae Kyounghwa , Efstathiou Jason A. , Hanks Gerald E. , Pilepich Miljenko V. , Sandler Howard M. , Shipley William U. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose Diabetes is associated with lower risk of prostate cancer. Most men with diabetes are obese, and obesity is associated with greater prostate cancer mortality. Whether diabetes influences outcomes after prostate cancer diagnosis is unknown. Patients and Methods We assessed the relationship between prevalent diabetes and mortality using data from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 92-02, a large randomized trial of men (N = 1,554) treated with radiation therapy and short-term versus long-term adjuvant goserelin for locally advanced prostate cancer. Regression and proportional hazard models were performed to evaluate relationships between prevalent diabetes and all-cause mortality, prostate cancer mortality, and non–prostate cancer mortality. Covariates included age, race, tumor stage, Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen, weight, and treatment arm. Results There were a total of 765 deaths; 210 (27%) were attributed to prostate cancer. In univariate analyses, prevalent diabetes was associated with greater all-cause mortality and non–prostate cancer mortality but not prostate cancer mortality. After controlling for other covariates, prevalent diabetes remained significantly associated with greater all-cause mortality and non–prostate cancer mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.69 to 2.66; P < .0001) but not prostate cancer mortality (HR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.25; P = .34). In contrast, weight was associated with greater prostate cancer mortality (HR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.55; P = .002) but not all-cause or non–prostate cancer mortality. Conclusion Weight but not prevalent diabetes is associated with greater prostate cancer mortality in men receiving combined modality treatment for locally advanced disease. These observations suggest that the association between obesity and greater prostate cancer mortality is mediated by mechanism(s) other than the characteristic metabolic alterations of diabetes.
Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics of Patients With BRCA-Positive and BRCA-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Atchley Deann P. , Albarracin Constance T. , Lopez Adriana , Valero Vicente , Amos Christopher I. , Gonzalez-Angulo Ana Maria , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Arun Banu K. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes confer greater risk of developing breast cancer. We determined whether tumor pathologic features and clinical features differ in patients with and without BRCA mutations. Patients and Methods Tumor pathologic features and clinical characteristics were examined in 491 women with breast cancer who underwent genetic testing for BRCA mutations between 1997 and 2006. A retrospective review of medical records was conducted to determine clinical characteristics including ethnicity, age and clinical stage at diagnosis, age at parity, number of full-term pregnancies, use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, and BRCA mutation status. Tumor pathology was reviewed to determine histologic type, tumor grade, and estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2/neu status. Results Of the 491 patients with identified breast cancers, 391 patients were BRCA negative, and 86 patients were BRCA positive. Triple-negative breast cancer (ie, those with negative estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2/neu status) was diagnosed in 57.1% of the BRCA1-positive patients, 23.3% of the BRCA2-positive patients, and 13.8% of the BRCA-negative patients. BRCA1 mutation carriers had higher nuclear grade tumors than the other two groups (P < .001). Of the triple-negative cancer patients, BRCA2 mutation carriers were older when diagnosed than BRCA1 mutation carriers and noncarriers (P < .01). Conclusion These results suggest that tumors associated with BRCA1 mutations may be divided into two distinct groups, triple-negative and non–triple-negative groups. Future studies should seek to determine whether patients with BRCA1 mutations and triple-negative breast cancer respond to treatment better than BRCA-negative patients with similar tumor pathology.
Efficacy of RAD001 (Everolimus) and Octreotide LAR in Advanced Low- to Intermediate-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results of a Phase II Study
Authors: Yao James C. , Phan Alexandria T. , Chang David Z. , Wolff Robert A. , Hess Kenneth , Gupta Sanjay , Jacobs Carmen , Mares Jeannette E. , Landgraf Andrea N. , Rashid Asif , Meric-Bernstam Funda 
Published: September 2008

Purpose Evaluate the activity of everolimus (RAD001) in combination with octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) in patients with advanced low- to intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumors. Methods Treatment consisted of RAD001 5 mg/d (30 patients) or 10 mg/d (30 patients) and octreotide LAR 30 mg every 28 days. Thirty carcinoid and 30 islet cell patients were enrolled. Results Intent-to-treat response rate was 20%. Per protocol, there were 13 with partial responses (22%), 42 with stable disease (SD; 70%), and five patients with progressive disease (8%). Overall median progression-free survival (PFS) was 60 weeks. Median PFS for patients with known SD at entry was longer than for those who had progressive disease (74 v 50 weeks; P < .01). Median overall survival has not been reached. One-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 83%, 81%, and 78%, respectively. Among 37 patients with elevated chromogranin A, 26 (70%) achieved normalization or more than 50% reduction. Most common toxicity was mild aphthous ulceration. Grade 3/4 toxicities occurring in ≥ 10% of patients included hypophosphatemia (11%), fatigue (11%), and diarrhea (11%). Treatment was associated with a dose-dependent rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Those with lower than 109 U/L rise in LDH at week 4 had shorter PFS (38 v 69 weeks; P = .01). Treatment was also associated with a decrease in proliferation marker Ki-67 among patients who underwent optional paired pre- and post-treatment biopsy (P = .04). Conclusion RAD001 at 5 or 10 mg/d was well tolerated in combination with octreotide LAR, with promising antitumor activity. Confirmatory studies are ongoing.
Nanosized Polymer Particle-facilitated Preparation of Mesoporous Silica Particles Using a Spray Method
Authors: Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Iskandar Ferry , Okuyama Kikuo 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Spherical silica particles with large mesopores and controlled particle size in the submicron range were prepared using a mixed solution of silica nanoparticles and nanosized polymer particle as a template via spray routes.
Iron Catalyst for Oxidation in Water: Surfactant-type Iron Complex-catalyzed Mild and Efficient Oxidation of Aryl Alkanes Using Aqueous TBHP as Oxidant in Water
Authors: Nagano Takashi , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Surfactant-type iron(III) complex, Fe2O(DS)4, was found to be effective for benzylic oxidation of simple aryl alkanes using aqueous t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant.
1-(Organoselanyl)perfluoroalkanols: A Stable and Efficient Precursor for Organoselenols
Authors: Yamamoto Teruhisa , Moriura Eri , Sawa Arisa , Yoshimatsu Mitsuhiro 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The 1-(organoselanyl)perfluoroalkanols 1, 3, 4, and 10 were successfully prepared and reactions with hexanoyl chlorides to produce the corresponding esters 5, 7, and 8, accompanied by the selenoesters 6 were conducted. The DBU-mediated alkylations of the heptafluorobutanols 4, 10, and the α-p-nitrobenzoate 2 with alkyl halides easily provided alkyl phenyl selenides 9a–9i and 11a–11c in good to high yields.
Reaction between Guanidine Hydrochloride and Chalcones: An Efficient Solvent-free Synthesis of 2,4,6-Triarylpyridines under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Mohammadi Bagher , Rahbari Sahar , Mirzaei Peiman 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
A series of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines have been synthesized via an efficient solvent-free reaction between guanidine hydrochloride and chalcones under microwave irradiation in excellent yields.
Fabrication of Free-standing Layer-by-layer Films of Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets and Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Chen Xu , Lei Yu , Yang Wensheng 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Free-standing films of layered double hydroxide nanosheets and polyelectrolytes were fabricated via layer-by-layer self-assembly techniques and further substrate erosion methods. The obtained films were ultrathin and showed excellent flexibility, good transparency, and high thermal stability.
Highly Selective Production of 2-Adamantanone by Photocatalytic Oxidation of Adamantane
Authors: Song Sun-Jung , Kim Kyoung Seok , Kim Kyung Hwan , Kim Jong Beom , Kim Jong-Ho , Kim Keun-Sik , Shin Honghyun , Cho Dong Lyun 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
2-Adamantanone was selectively produced by photocatalytic oxidation of adamantane in acetic acid using TiO2 powders. The reactions were carried out at ambient and acetic acid reflux temperatures with and without an oxidant. Adding oxidant in refluxing acetic acid under irradiation remarkably increased conversion and selectivity. Rutile TiO2 powders showed better conversion and selectivity in the presence of H2O2. The total conversion was 67% and the highest selectivity of 2-adamantanone was 89%.
Evaluation of Chiral Amino Acid Discrimination by a Permethylated Cyclic Tetrasaccharide, cyclo-{→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→3)-α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→3)-α-d-Glcp-(1→}, Using FAB Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Shizuma Motohiro , Kiso Taro , Terauchi Hisashi , Takai Yoshio , Yamada Hitoshi , Nishimoto Tomoyuki , Ono Daisuke , Shimomura Osamu , Nomura Ryoki , Miwa Yoshikatsu , Nakamura Masaki , Nakano Hirofumi 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The novel cyclic oligosaccharide, permethylated tetrasaccharide (CTS), determinates the enantiomers of chiral amino acid isopropyl ester hydrochlorides.
Fabrication of Porous Nanoscale Polyimide Structures
Authors: Kasai Hitoshi , Mitsui Hideharu , Zhao Gufan , Ishizaka Takayuki , Suzuki Masao , Oikawa Hidetoshi , Nakanishi Hachiro 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
In the fabrication of polyimide (PI) spherical nanoparticles by the reprecipitation method, intriguing uniquely shaped objects, including doughnut-like and/or hollow, and polymeric soccer ball-shaped PI nanoparticles are rarely obtained. Furthermore, PI fine particles, which possess a hollow core and some 100 nm-sized surface pores leading to the inner hollow, were reproducibly obtained by the improved reprecipitation method.
Microwave Fabrication and Magnetic Property of Hierarchical Spherical α-Fe2O3 Nanostructures
Authors: Xue Bin , Liu Run , Xu Zhu-De , Zheng Yi-Fan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The hierarchical spherical α-Fe2O3 nanostructures were obtained by polyacrylamide (PAM)-assisted microwave fabrication method. The nanostructures exhibited mesoporous structures with relatively high remanent magnetization and coercivity at 300 K. The PAM was believed to play an important role in the formation of the hierarchical spherical α-Fe2O3 nanostructures.
Trends in the epidemiology and prescribing of medication for allergic rhinitis in England
Authors: Ghouri Nazim , Hippisley-Cox Julia , Newton John , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: September 2008

Summary Objective To investigate recent trends in the recorded incidence, lifetime prevalence and prescribing of symptom relief medication for allergic rhinitis in England. Design Analysis of primary healthcare datasets. Setting The UK prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased very significantly over recent decades. Analysis of primary healthcare datasets offers the possibility to advance understanding about the changing epidemiology and management of allergic rhinitis. QRESEARCH is one of the world's largest national aggregated health databases containing the records of over nine million patients. We extracted data on all patients with a recorded diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and calculated annual age–sex standardized incidence and lifetime period prevalence rates for each year from 2001–2005. We also analysed prescribing trends for antihistamines and drugs used in nasal allergy in those with a recorded diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Main outcome measures Age-sex standardized incidence, lifetime prevalence rates and prescribing trends for symptom relief medication for allergic rhinitis in England. Results The age-sex standardized incidence of allergic rhinitis was 5.57 per 1000 person-years in 2001 and increased by 33.0% to 7.41 per 1000 person-years in 2005 ( P<0.001). Lifetime age-sex standardized prevalence of a recorded diagnosis of allergic rhinitis increased by 43.2% from 46.35 per 1000 in 2001 to 66.37 per 1000 in 2005 ( P<0.001). Over this period a 41.7% overall increase in prescriptions for antihistamines and drugs used in nasal allergy was observed (antihistamines 45.5%, drugs used in nasal allergies 35.5%). Conclusions Recorded incidence and lifetime prevalence of allergic rhinitis have increased substantially in recent years. A similar increase in prescriptions for antihistamines and drugs used in nasal allergy in patients with allergic rhinitis is also observed.
Challenges in Disability Management of Long-Term Sick Workers
Authors: Hedlund Marianne , Landstad Bodil J. , Wendelborg Christian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn Norway various welfare state authorities assist in disability management (DM) of long-term sick workers. This study provides empirical-based knowledge about the Norwegian DM process. The data are based on focus-group interviews with health care providers and case-workers in welfare state authorities. A key issue outlined in this article is that long-term sick workers can easily become ‘stuck’ in the rehabilitation system. The focus is on topics that can explain difficulties of re-employing long-term sick workers. Furthermore, we look at what challenges are typical for DM of these workers in Norway, with respect to re-employment issues.
The Role of the Physician in Disability Management: Assessing Family Physicians' View of Discrepancies Between Practice and Canadian Medical Association Guidelines
Authors: Reynolds Christine A. , Wagner Shannon. L. , Harder Henry. G. , Zimmer Lela 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPurpose: This research project aimed to explore the views and perspectives of family physicians in regards to fulfilling their role in disability management (DM) — specifically, to examine the discrepancies between physicians' practice in DM and their professional guidelines, with special attention to physicians' experience in collaborating with key stakeholders. Methods: Seven family physicians were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format (8 evidence-based questions and 2 case examples). Interviews were recorded and transcribed. A content analysis of the interview data was conducted in addition to a thematic review of participant responses. Results: Data revealed that in accordance with previous literature, physicians' practice does not typically emulate Canadian Medical Association policy, and the participant physicians described several barriers as the reason for this discrepancy. This study revealed a multitude of frustrations encountered by physicians when interacting with other parties in DM. Participant physicians also reported potential solutions to these frustrations and other related issues. Conclusion: This qualitative study yields valuable insight into barriers, as well as facilitating factors, for physicians in the fulfillment of their DM role. Some practical recommendations for the DM community are presented, while noting that more research should be conducted, including input from key DM stakeholders, to both gain further understanding of physicians' DM function, and to identify viable interventions aimed at optimising their role.