bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revised ISHAM-ABPA working group clinical practice guidelines for diagnosing, classifying and treating allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycoses
Authors: Agarwal Ritesh , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Muthu Valliappan , Denning David W. , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Soundappan Kathirvel , Garg Mandeep , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Dhooria Sahajal , Armstrong-James Darius , Asano Koichiro , Gangneux Jean-Pierre , Chotirmall Sanjay H. , Salzer Helmut J.F. , Chalmers James D. , Godet Cendrine , Joest Marcus , Page Iain , Nair Parameswaran , Arjun P. , Dhar Raja , Jat Kana Ram , Joe Geethu , Krishnaswamy Uma Maheswari , Mathew Joseph L. , Maturu Venkata Nagarjuna , Mohan Anant , Nath Alok , Patel Dharmesh , Savio Jayanthi , Saxena Puneet , Soman Rajeev , Thangakunam Balamugesh , Baxter Caroline G. , Bongomin Felix , Calhoun William J. , Cornely Oliver A. , Douglass Jo A. , Kosmidis Chris , Meis Jacques F. , Moss Richard , Pasqualotto Alessandro C. , Seidel Danila , Sprute Rosanne , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThe International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) working group proposed recommendations for managing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) a decade ago. There is a need to update these recommendations due to advances in diagnostics and therapeutics.MethodsAn international expert group was convened to develop guidelines for managing ABPA (caused byAspergillusspp.) and allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM; caused by fungi other thanAspergillusspp.) in adults and children using a modified Delphi method (two online rounds and one in-person meeting). We defined consensus as ≥70% agreement or disagreement. The terms “recommend” and “suggest” are used when the consensus was ≥70% and <70%, respectively.ResultsWe recommend screening forA. fumigatussensitisation using fungus-specific IgE in all newly diagnosed asthmatic adults at tertiary care but only difficult-to-treat asthmatic children. We recommend diagnosing ABPA in those with predisposing conditions or compatible clinico-radiological presentation, with a mandatory demonstration of fungal sensitisation and serum total IgE ≥500 IU·mL−1and two of the following: fungal-specific IgG, peripheral blood eosinophilia or suggestive imaging. ABPM is considered in those with an ABPA-like presentation but normalA. fumigatus-IgE. Additionally, diagnosing ABPM requires repeated growth of the causative fungus from sputum. We do not routinely recommend treating asymptomatic ABPA patients. We recommend oral prednisolone or itraconazole monotherapy for treating acute ABPA (newly diagnosed or exacerbation), with prednisolone and itraconazole combination only for treating recurrent ABPA exacerbations. We have devised an objective multidimensional criterion to assess treatment response.ConclusionWe have framed consensus guidelines for diagnosing, classifying and treating ABPA/M for patient care and research.
The effect of high altitude (2500 m) on incremental cycling exercise in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a randomised controlled cross-over trial
Authors: Müller Julian , Titz Anna , Schneider Simon R. , Bauer Meret , Mayer Laura , Lüönd Lea , Ulrich Tanja , Furian Michael , Forrer Aglaia , Schwarz Esther I. , Bloch Konrad E. , Lichtblau Mona , Ulrich Silvia 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of a daylong exposure to high altitude on peak exercise capacity and safety in stable patients with pulmonary arterial and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PAH/CTEPH).MethodsIn a randomised controlled cross-over trial, stable patients with PAH or distal CTEPH without resting hypoxemia at low altitude performed two incremental exercise tests to exhaustion, one after 3–5 h at high (2500 m) and one at low altitude (470 m).ResultsIn 27 patients with PAH/CTEPH (44% women, 61±14 y), maximal work-rate was 110±64 watts at 2500 m and 123±64 watts at 470 m (−11%, 95%CI: −16 to −11, p<0.001). SpO2and PaO2at end-exercise were 83±6%versus91±6% and 6.1±1.9 kPaversus8.6±1.9 kPa (−8%; −29%; both p<0.001) at 2500 mversus470 m, respectively. Maximal oxygen uptake at high altitude was 17.8±7.5 L·min−1·kg−1versus20±7.4 L·min−1·kg−1at low altitude (−11%, p<0.001). At end-exercise, the ventilatory equivalent for CO2was 43±9 at 2500 mversus39±9 at 470 m (+9%, 95%CI: 2 to 6; p=0.002). No adverse events occurred during or after exercise.ConclusionAmong predominantly low-risk patients with stable PAH/CTEPH, cycling exercise during the first day at 2500 m was well tolerated, but peak exercise capacity, blood oxygenation and ventilatory efficiency were lower compared to 470 m.
Prevalence and burden of chronic cough in France
Authors: Guilleminault Laurent , Li Vicky W. , Fonseca Eileen , Martin Ashley , Schelfhout Jonathan , Ding Helen , Le Moine Gaëlle 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundChronic cough is a common condition that is associated with lower health-related quality of life and greater healthcare resource use. There are limited data on the prevalence, population characteristics and burden of chronic cough in France.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study based on responses from French adult residents to the 2020 National Health and Wellness Survey. Respondents with chronic cough were compared to 1:3 propensity score-matched controls without chronic cough.ResultsThe weighted lifetime and 12-month prevalence of chronic cough were estimated as 7.5% and 4.8%, respectively. Respondents with chronic cough reported significantly worse perceived health than matched controls, with lower mean±sdscores of 46.68±9.28versus50.42±8.26 on the physical health component and 40.32±9.87versus44.32± 9.69 on the mental health component of the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form Survey Version 2 survey (p<0.001 for both comparisons). Respondents with chronic cough also had higher rates of moderate-to-severe forms of anxiety (24.4%versus12.4%) and depression (36.4%versus20.2%); higher rates of multiple forms of sleep disturbance; greater impairment of work productivity (38.2%versus25.5%) and other activities (41.8%versus28.2%; p<0.001 for all comparisons). Respondents with chronic cough also had higher rates of all-cause healthcare resource use including emergency room visits, hospitalisation, and overall and specialist healthcare provider visits compared to controls (p<0.001 for all comparisons).ConclusionChronic cough is a common condition in France that is associated with lower health-related quality of life and greater healthcare resource utilisation.
Spray nozzle for topical anaesthesia during flexible bronchoscopy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Huang Chun-Ta , Chou Hsiao-Chen , Chang Hao-Chun , Yang Ching-Yao , Lin Shu-Yung , Chang Lih-Chyun , Tsai Tzu-Hsiu , Hsu Chia-Lin , Chien Jung-Yien , Ho Chao-Chi 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThe effectiveness of using a spray nozzle to deliver lidocaine for superior topical airway anaesthesia during non-sedation flexible bronchoscopy (FB) remains a topic of uncertainty when compared with conventional methods.MethodsPatients referred for FB were randomly assigned to receive topical lidocaine anaesthesiaviathe bronchoscope's working channel (classical spray (CS) group) or through a washing pipe equipped with a spray nozzle (SN group). The primary outcome was cough rate, defined as the total number of coughs per minute. Secondary outcomes included subjective perceptions of both the patient and operator regarding the FB process. These perceptions were rated on a visual analogue scale, with numerical ratings ranging from 0 to 10.ResultsOur study enrolled a total of 126 (61 CS group; 65 SN group) patients. The SN group exhibited a significantly lower median cough rate compared with the CS group (4.5versus7.1 counts·min−1; p=0.021). Patients in the SN group also reported less oropharyngeal discomfort (4.5±2.7versus5.6±2.9; p=0.039), better tolerance of the procedure (6.8±2.2versus5.7±2.7; p=0.011) and a greater willingness to undergo a repeat FB procedure (7.2±2.7versus5.8±3.4; p=0.015) compared with those in the CS group. From the operator's perspective, patient discomfort (2.7±1.7versus3.4±2.3; p=0.040) and cough scores (2.3±1.5versus3.2±2.4; p=0.013) were lower in the SN group compared with the CS group, with less disruption due to coughing observed among those in the SN group (1.6±1.4versus2.3±2.3; p=0.029).ConclusionsThis study illustrates that employing a spray nozzle for the delivery of lidocaine provides superior topical airway anaesthesia during non-sedation FB compared with the traditional method.
SFX-01 in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Long Merete B. , Abo-Leyah Hani , Giam Yan Hui , Vadiveloo Thenmalar , Hull Rebecca C. , Keir Holly R. , Pembridge Thomas , Alferes De Lima Daniela , Delgado Lilia , Inglis Sarah K. , Hughes Chloe , Gilmour Amy , Gierlinski Marek , New Benjamin J.M. , MacLennan Graeme , Dinkova-Kostova Albena T. , Chalmers James D. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionSulforaphane can induce the transcription factor, Nrf2, promoting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. In this study, hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were treated with stabilised synthetic sulforaphane (SFX-01) to evaluate impact on clinical status and inflammation.MethodsDouble-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of SFX-01 (300 mg oral capsule, once daily for 14 days) conducted in Dundee, UK, between November 2020 and May 2021. Patients had radiologically confirmed CAP and CURB-65 (confusion, urea >7 mmol·L-1, respiratory rate ≥30 breaths·min-1, blood pressure <90 mmHg (systolic) or ≤60 mmHg (diastolic), age ≥65 years) score ≥1. The primary outcome was the seven-point World Health Organization clinical status scale at day 15. Secondary outcomes included time to clinical improvement, length of stay and mortality. Effects on Nrf2 activity and inflammation were evaluated on days 1, 8 and 15 by measurement of 45 serum cytokines and mRNA sequencing of peripheral blood leukocytes.ResultsThe trial was terminated prematurely due to futility with 133 patients enrolled. 65 patients were randomised to SFX-01 treatment and 68 patients to placebo. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was the cause of CAP in 103 (77%) cases. SFX-01 treatment did not improve clinical status at day 15 (adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.41–1.83; p=0.71), time to clinical improvement (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.02, 95% CI 0.70–1.49), length of stay (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.56–1.26) or 28-day mortality (aHR 1.45, 95% CI 0.67–3.16). The expression of Nrf2 targets and pro-inflammatory genes, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α, was not significantly changed by SFX-01 treatment. At days 8 and 15, respectively, 310 and 42 significant differentially expressed genes were identified between groups (false discovery rate adjusted p<0.05, log2FC >1).ConclusionSFX-01 treatment did not improve clinical status or modulate key Nrf2 targets in patients with CAP primarily due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The incremental contribution of mobile cone-beam computed tomography to the tool–lesion relationship during shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy
Authors: Husta Bryan C. , Menon Anu , Bergemann Reza , Lin I-Hsin , Schmitz Jaclyn , Rakočević Rastko , Nadig Tejaswi R. , Adusumilli Prasad S. , Beattie Jason A. , Lee Robert P. , Park Bernard J. , Rocco Gaetano , Bott Matthew J. , Chawla Mohit , Kalchiem-Dekel Or 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThis study aims to answer the question of whether adding mobile cone-beam computed tomography (mCBCT) imaging to shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) translates into a quantifiable improvement in the tool–lesion relationship.MethodsData from 102 peripheral lung lesions with ≥2 sequential mCBCT orbital spins and from 436 lesions with 0–1 spins were prospectively captured and retrospectively analysed. The primary outcome was the tool–lesion relationship status across the first and the last mCBCT spins. Secondary outcomes included 1) the change in distance between the tip of the sampling tool and the centre of the lesion between the first and the last spins and 2) the per-lesion diagnostic yield.ResultsCompared to lesions requiring 0–1 spins, lesions requiring ≥2 spins were smaller and had unfavourable bronchus sign and intra-operative sonographic view. On the first spin, 54 lesions (53%) were designated as non-tool-in-lesion (non-TIL) while 48 lesions (47%) were designated as TIL. Of the 54 initially non-TIL cases, 49 (90%) were converted to TIL status by the last spin. Overall, on the last spin, 96 out of 102 lesions (94%) were defined as TIL and six out of 102 lesions (6%) were defined as non-TIL (p<0.0001). The mean distance between the tool and the centre of the lesion decreased from 10.4 to 6.6 mm between the first and last spins (p<0.0001). The overall diagnostic yield was 77%.ConclusionTargeting traditionally challenging lung lesions, intra-operative volumetric imaging allowed for the conversion of 90% of non-TIL status to TIL. Guidance with mCBCT resulted in a significant decrease in the distance between the tip of the needle to lesion centre.
On the Polygonal Wear Evolution of Heavy-Haul Locomotive Wheels due to Wheel/Rail Flexibility and Its Mitigation Measures
Authors: Yang Yunfan , Chai Feifan , Liu Pengfei , Ling Liang , Wang Kaiyun , Zhai Wanming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWheel polygonal wear can immensely worsen wheel/rail interactions and vibration performances of the train and track, and ultimately, lead to the shortening of service life of railway components. At present, wheel/rail medium- or high-frequency frictional interactions are perceived as an essential reason of the high-order polygonal wear of railway wheels, which are potentially resulted by the flexible deformations of the train/track system or other external excitations. In this work, the effect of wheel/rail flexibility on polygonal wear evolution of heavy-haul locomotive wheels is explored with aid of the long-term wheel polygonal wear evolution simulations, in which different flexible modeling of the heavy-haul wheel/rail coupled system is implemented. Further, the mitigation measures for the polygonal wear of heavy-haul locomotive wheels are discussed. The results point out that the evolution of polygonal wear of heavy-haul locomotive wheels can be veritably simulated with consideration of the flexible effect of both wheelset and rails. Execution of mixed-line operation of heavy-haul trains and application of multi-cut wheel re-profiling can effectively reduce the development of wheel polygonal wear. This research can provide a deep-going understanding of polygonal wear evolution mechanism of heavy-haul locomotive wheels and its mitigation measures.
Association between BMI and osteoporotic fractures at different sites in Chinese women: a case-control retrospective study in Changsha
Authors: Li Hong-Li , Shen Yi , Tan Li-Hua , Fu Song-Bo , Guan Cong-Hui , Zhen Dong-Hu , Lv Hai-Hong , Wu Xi-Yu , Tang Xu-Lei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Osteoporotic fractures are a growing problem in an aging society. The association between body mass index (BMI) and osteoporotic fractures varies by fracture site and ethnicity. Limited knowledge exists regarding this association in native Chinese, particularly utilizing local databases as reference sources.

Objective
To investigate the association between BMI and osteoporotic fractures at different sites in Chinese women.

Methods
Three thousand ninety-eight female patients with radiographic fractures and 3098 age- and sex-matched healthy controls without fractures were included in the study. Both of them underwent assessment using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with BMD measurements calculated using our own BMD reference database. Participants were classified into underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2), overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) according to the Chinese BMI classification standard.

Results
There were 2296 (74.1%) vertebral fractures, 374 (12.1%) femoral neck fractures, and 428 (13.8%) other types of fractures in the case group. Bone mineral density (BMD) was almost lower in the fracture groups compared to the control groups (p = 0.048 to < 0.001). Compared with normal weight, underweight had a protective effect on total [odds ratio (OR) = 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49 –0.75; P< 0.001], and lumbar fractures (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.41 – 0.67; P < 0.001), while obesity was associated with an increased risk for total (OR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.85 – 2.76; P < 0.001), lumbar (OR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.72 – 2.73; P < 0.001), and femoral neck fractures (OR = 4.08; 95% CI, 2.18 – 7.63; P < 0.001). Non-linear associations were observed between BMI and fractures: A J-curve for total, lumbar, and femoral neck fractures, and no statistical change for other types of fractures. Underweight was found to be a risk factor for other types of fracturess after adjusting for BMD (OR = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.09 – 4.80; P < 0.001). Osteoporosis and osteopenia were identified as risk factors for almost all sites of fracture when compared to normal bone mass.

Conclusions
Underweight has a protective effect on total and lumbar spine fractures in Chinese women, while obesity poses a risk factor for total, lumbar, and femoral neck fractures. The effect of BMI on fractures may be mainly mediated by BMD.
Molecular mechanism of resveratrol promoting differentiation of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells based on network pharmacology and experimental validation
Authors: He Yu , Liu Fei , He Mingjuan , Long Fayu , Hu Ding , Chen Jingwen , Fang Miao , Wang Zhenlong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which resveratrol (Res) inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, laying the groundwork for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP). The TCMSP database was used to find the gene targets for Res. The GeneCards database acquire the gene targets for OP. After discovering the potential target genes, GO, KEGG, and Reactome enrichment analysis were conducted. Verifying the major proteins involved in apoptosis can bind to Res using molecular docking. CCK8 measured the proliferative activity of mouse pre-osteoblasts in every group following Res intervention. Alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP) and alizarin red staining to measure the ability of osteogenic differentiation. RT-qPCR to determine the expression levels of Runx2 and OPG genes for osteogenic differentiation ability of cells. Western blot to measure the degree of apoptosis-related protein activity in each group following Res intervention. The biological processes investigated for GO of Res therapeutic OP involved in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, negative regulation of apoptotic process, Aging, extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand, according to potential therapeutic target enrichment study. Apoptosis, FoxO signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway are the primary KEGG signaling pathways. Recactome pathways are primarily engaged in Programmed Cell Death, Apoptosis, Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway, and Caspase activation via extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways. This research established a new approach for Res treatment of OP by demonstrating how Res controls the apoptosis-related proteins TNF, IL6, and CASP3 to suppress osteoblast death and increase osteoclastogenesis.
Extracellular vesicles from UTX-knockout endothelial cells boost neural stem cell differentiation in spinal cord injury
Authors: Liu Yudong , Luo Zixiang , Xie Yong , Sun Yi , Yuan Feifei , Jiang Liyuan , Lu Hongbin , Hu Jianzhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundVascular endothelial cells are pivotal in the pathophysiological progression following spinal cord injury (SCI). The UTX (Ubiquitously Transcribed Tetratripeptide Repeat on Chromosome X) serves as a significant regulator of endothelial cell phenotype. The manipulation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) offers a compelling strategy for the amelioration of SCI.MethodsTwo mouse models were used to investigate SCI: NSCs lineage-traced mice and mice with conditional UTX knockout (UTX KO) in endothelial cells. To study the effects of UTX KO on neural differentiation, we harvested extracellular vesicles (EVs) from both UTX KO spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells (SCMECs) and negative control SCMECs. These EVs were then employed to modulate the differentiation trajectory of endogenous NSCs in the SCI model.ResultsIn our NSCs lineage-traced mice model of SCI, a marked decrease in neurogenesis was observed post-injury. Notably, NSCs in UTX KO SCMECs mice showed enhanced neuronal differentiation compared to controls. RNA sequencing and western blot analyses revealed an upregulation of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), a gene associated with neurogenesis, in UTX KO SCMECs and their secreted EVs. This aligns with the observed promotion of neurogenesis in UTX KO conditions. In vivo administration of L1CAM-rich EVs from UTX KO SCMECs (KO EVs) to the mice significantly enhanced neural differentiation. Similarly, in vitro exposure of NSCs to KO EVs resulted in increased activation of the Akt signaling pathway, further promoting neural differentiation. Conversely, inhibiting Akt phosphorylation or knocking down L1CAM negated the beneficial effects of KO EVs on NSC neuronal differentiation.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings substantiate that EVs derived from UTX KO SCMECs can act as facilitators of neural differentiation following SCI. This study not only elucidates a novel mechanism but also opens new horizons for therapeutic interventions in the treatment of SCI.Graphical Abstract