bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Papovavirus SV40: Similarity of tumor antigens in transformed virus‐free hamster cells and in virus‐infected monkey cells
Authors: Kitahara Tsunehiro , Melnick Joseph L. , Rapp Fred 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from hamsters bearing tumors induced by papovavirus SV40 reacted with tumor antigen prepared either from cells transformed by, or from cells infected with, the homologous virus. Serum titurs against both antogens were comparable. A high degree if correlation was obtained with the use of either complement‐fixation or immunofluorescence to detect the antigen. The immunoflurescent intranuclear antigen present in cells transformed by SV40, an the early virus‐induced intranuclear antigen found during the cytolytic cycle following infection of monkey cells by SV40, therefore appear to be similar, and they are either identival with or similar to the antigens detected by complement‐fixation techniques. Synthesis of antibody against this antigen was detected only in hamsters bearing tumors induced by SV40 or by cells transformed by the virus. Hamsters immunized with SV40 usually reject cells transformed by the homologous virus; the few vaccinated animals which fail to reject such cells also fail to produce antibodies against tumor antigen although the tumor cells in such animals continue to synthesize the antigen.
The carcinogenic action and metabolism of N‐hydroxyurethane in newborn mice
Authors: Boiato L. , Mirvish S. S. , Berenblum I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTen weekly intraperitoneal injections, starting at birth, of N‐hydroxyurethane into C57BL/6 mice, produced thymic lymphosarcomas in 44 per cent and lung adenomas in 78 per cent of survivors. Similar injections of urethane produced lymphosarcomas in 39 per cent and lung adenomas in 75 per cent of survivors.Metabolic studies in newborn C57BL/6 mice, with N‐hydroxyurethane‐14C, demonstrated about 70 per cent conversion into urethane and also the formation of metabolite X (probably a glucuronide). These conversions were similar in extent to those reported for adult mice, but proceeded at slower rates. The reverse conversion of urethane into N‐hydroxyurethane was not detected.These results are consistent with the view that the carcinogenic action of N‐hydroxyurethane proceeds mainly by prior conversion into urethane.
Comparative effects of DL‐glyceraldehyde, 6‐mercaptopurine, methotrexate and 5‐fluorouracil on the ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo
Authors: Bennett Leslie R. , Connon Frank E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFemale white Swiss mice bearing the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma were treated with 6‐mercaptopurine, methotrexate, 5‐fluorouracil and DL‐glyceraldehyde, alone and in combination. DL‐glyceraldehyde was more effective against Ehrlich ascites tumor, as judged by 30‐day post‐inoculation survival time, than any of the three compounds with which it was compared. Combination of glyceraldehyde and 5‐fluorouracil resulted in a slight potentiation of carcinostatic effect. DL‐glyceraldehyde at carcinostatic dose levels was shown to have little toxic effect when administered for several days to white Swiss control mice.
Comparison of nitrogen‐mustard‐sensitive and ‐resistant yoshida sarcomas
Authors: Ball C. R. , Connors T. A. , Double J. A. , Ujhazy V. , Whisson M. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Yoshida sarcoma and a line derived from it showing acquired resistance to alkylating agents have been compared from a number of aspects: chromosome number, growth rate, nucleic acid, protein and free thiol content. Although the degree of resistance to the alkylating agent Melphalan has been demonstrated to be at least 100 times greater than in the sensitive strain, the two tumours have been very similar in all aspects so far studied. A small, and not highly significant, increase in glutathione content of the solid resistant tumour has been the only difference so far demonstrated.
The influence of the route of administration of nitrogen mustard and melphalan upon their anti‐tumour activity in the rat
Authors: Cobb L. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of routes of administration upon the therapeutic activity and lethal effect of nitrogen mustard (HN2) and Melphalan is described. The intra‐arterial, intravenous, intraperitoneal and intraportal routes were used and logarithmic dose‐response curves constructed for cure‐rate of the established Walker rat carcinosarcoma 256 and for the LD50. From these results therapeutic indices were calculated. These indices (LD50/ED5) for HN2 were 50, 30, 7.5 and 7.5 respectively. Intraperitoneal and intraportal injection of HN2 greatly reduced the anti‐tumour activity by comparison with intravenous and intra‐arterial injection. It appears that the loss of activity of intraportally injected HN2 is effected, to a large extent, on the initial passage through the liver. The reduction in activity that occurs with intraperitoneal injections is also thought to be partly due to this effect by the liver. Evidence is presented that lethal intraperitoneal doses of HN2 produce their effect upon the intestinal tract largely without passing into the general blood circulation. It is suggested that the drug passes directly through the intestinal wall to bring about the destruction of the lining epithelium. The LD50 for HN2 was similar for the four routes of administration. The possible reasons for this are discussed. The route of administration did not influence the therapeutic index for Melphalan.
Effects of adrenalectomy and DOCA on the DPN‐ and TPN‐diaphorase activities in the early stages of liver carcinogenesis induced by 3′‐methyl‐4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene
Authors: Hadjiolov D. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComparative cytochemical studies on the activity of DPN‐diaphorase, TPN‐diaphorase and some coenzyme‐dependent dehydrogenases revealed marked differences in the degree of liver parenchymal damage of intact and adrenalectomized rats fed 3′‐methyl‐4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene.The quantity of formazan deposits, that is, the activity of DPN‐and TPN‐diaphorase in intact animals, sharply decreased after rats were fed a carcinogenic diet for 60 days. Coarse formazan granules, in nest‐like formations, occurred in the cells. Enzyme activity did not decrease in adrenalectomized rats treated with 10 mg DOCA weekly. Adrenalectomy and DOCA treatment were nevertheless incapable of providing absolute protection of the liver parenchyma. Coarse formazan granules were detected in the central areas of the liver lobules.These marked quantitative differences in the degree of liver damage in intact and adrenalectomized rats may indirectly affect the occurrence of “oval cell proliferation” and thus the further progression of malignancy.
Studies on the aetiology of bilharzial carcinoma of the urinary bladder VI. Beta‐glucuronidases in urine
Authors: Abdel‐Tawab G. A. , El‐Zoghby S. M. , Abdel‐Samie Y. M. , Zaki A. , Saad A. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe pH specificity of β‐glucuronidase enzymes in the urine of cancerous and noncancerous bilharzial patients was investigated.Bilharzial patients with urine pH above 6.0 and bilharzial bladder cancer patients had heterogeneous urinary β‐glucuronidase activities with distinct pH optima of 5.0 and 7.0, whereas other bilharzial patients and controls showed only the former peak. We suggest that the urinary β‐glucuronidase with a pH optimum of 7.0 is of bacterial origin. This enzyme may also influence the liberation of bladder carcinogens from their excreted glucuronide conjugates.
Rous tumors in monkeys
Authors: Zilber L. A. , Lapin B. A. , Adgighytov F. I. , Shevljaghyn V. Ja. , Jakovleva L. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMacaca rhesus, Macaca irus, Macaca nemestrina, Papio hamadryas and Cercopithecus aethiops monkeys are susceptible to Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) (Carr and Schmidt‐Ruppin strains). After intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of RSV‐infected chicken cell suspensions or cell‐free extracts of the chicken Rous sarcoma virus, they develop tumors at the sites of inoculation.These tumors appear after different periods of time, ranging from 15 up to 35 days after inoculation of the virus‐containing material. After an initial period of continuous growth (sometimes as long as 7 months), the tumors regress in most cases.Histologically, the tumors are polymorphous fibrosarcomas which do not produce metastases.The oncogenicity in monkeys of the Carr or Schmidt‐Ruppin strains was of no substantial difference. Only newborn or very juvenile monkeys are susceptible to Rous virus.The virus may only in some cases be isolated from the simian tumors by inoculation of tumor cell suspensions into chickens.Monkeys inoculated with Rous sarcoma virus develop virus‐neutralizing antibodies, in most cases very late.
Tumour initiation by natural and contaminating asbestos oils
Authors: Roe F. J. C. , Walters M. A. , Harington J. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOils are present “naturally” in crocidolite and amosite asbestos. During processing, transport and storage, asbestos tends to be contaminated with other oils, including jute oil.Large commercial samples of crocidolite and amosite were extracted, by means of specially purified solvents, to remove both primary and contaminating oils.The later were tested for tumour‐initiating activity by twice‐weekly application to the dorsal skin of mice alternating with once‐weekly application of the tumour‐promoting agent, croton oil.Significantly more papillomas and, in the case of amosite oil, carcinomas, arose in response to treatment with asbestos oil plus croton oil than in response to croton oil only.The tumour‐initiating response was weak but reasons are given for not rejecting the possibility that the oils play a significant role in the induction of cancer by asbestos.
Counting and sizing of tumor metastases in experimental oncology
Authors: Boeryd B. , Ganelius T. , Lundin P. , Mellgren J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPractical presumptions and mathematical problems in estimating the number and size of tumor metastases in experimental oncology are discussed.The estimations should be based upon microscopic investigation. However, considerable biologic variation necessitates the use of large numbers of experimental animals, which makes the serial sectioning of the organs—applied to other biological materials and thoroughly discussed by earlier workers—impossible in practice.Therefore, formulae are presented for the calculation of the actual number and total volume of the metastatic corpuscles per unit volume of an organ, from the number and total area of their images in a limited number of sections taken at arbitrary levels through the organ. The influence on the calculations of variations in size and shape of the corpuscles is studied.The formula for volume was found to hold generally. The estimation for number, which was found to be influenced by the size and the shape of the corpuscles, is further tested on an experimental material of metastases in liver and lungs from a mouse sarcoma. It is concluded that, with the techniques used, the error of the mathematical estimation of the number of metastases is less than 16%. By double determinations it is shown that the statistical error for individual determinations is considerably larger than the maximum error incurred by mathematical estimations.
Transplantation behavior and cytogenetic characteristics of a spontaneous reticulum cell sarcoma in the golden hamster
Authors: Haemmerli Gisela , Zweidler Alfred , Sträuli Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring a period of 2 1/2 years, 33 spontaneous reticulum‐cell sarcomas arose in our colony of golden hamsters. One of the tumors, made transplantable in the solid and the ascitic form, is described with regard to behavior in homologous hosts and to cytogenetic characteristics. During four years of transplantation, the tumor changed its pattern of growth and, after an initial phase of localized growth, displayed a leukemialike mode of spread resulting in the death of the hosts on the 6th or 7th day irrespective of site of transplantation. Animals of the same passage reacted differently to tumor implantation: some hamsters developed large tumors without tumor cell spread, others showed very small tumors with heavy tumor cell dissemination. These different modes of growth are assumed to be dependent on host factors.Chromosome analyses were carried out on tumor cells of different transplantation generations. The chromosomes in cells of the 38th generation did not differ from normal hamster cells, except for a higher variation in the number of chromosomes. Within the next 15 passages the karyotype changed considerably, but from then on remained stable with a stemline of 44 chromosomes and six markers. The late replication pattern of sex chromosomes and of most of the autosomes seems to be the same for both normal hamster cells and tumor cells.The DNA content of the tumor cells was found to correspond to the modal chromosome number.No causal relationship between changes in growth characteristics and in karyotype could be established.
Chemotherapeutic activity and pathological effects of an alkylating agent of short half‐life designed for intra‐arterial infusion (CB 1850)
Authors: Cobb L. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA short half‐life alkylating agent designed for intra‐arterial infusion, p‐[2,3‐di(2‐bromoethylthio)‐n‐propyloxy]benzoic acid (CB 1850), was tested against the Walker tumour growing in the hind limb of rats. When administered intravenously CB 1850 was without effect at a dose which produced 100% cure when injected into the artery supplying the tumour. Although the drug produced a response in the benzo (a) pyrene‐induced fibrosarcoma, there were no cures. There was evidence of a biological half‐life for the drug of the same order as the in vitro value of 4.8 seconds.
Vitamin B12 levels in whole blood, plasma, and blood cells in transplantable rat leukaemias
Authors: Bonelli M. , Rinaldini L. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVitamin B12 levels in whole blood, plasma, and red and white cells were determined by microbiological assay in normal and leukaemic A × C inbred rats. The concentration of B12 in white cells was 200 to 300 times higher than in red cells in both groups.A marked increase in the B12 content of whole blood was observed in the leukaemic animals which was of the same order of magnitude as the increase in the number of white cells.The concentration of B12 in red cells was the same in normal and leukaemic blood. That in plasma and white cells was only slightly increased in leukaemia. Therefore, the overall increase in blood B12 is attributable to the increase in the number of white cells in the leukaemic animals.
Further studies on the membrane immunofluorescence reaction of Burkitt lymphoma cells
Authors: Klein Eva , Clifford Peter , Klein George , Hamberger Carl‐Axel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe specificity of the membrane immunofluorescence reaction obtained upon the exposure of viable Burkitt lymphoma biopsy cells to the sera of certain Burkitt lymphoma patients (Klein et al., 1966 a, b) was studied by testing representative negative and positive sera against Burkitt lymphoma cells and normal bone marrow cells from the same donor, as well as against a panel of allogeneic normal lymph node cells and chronic myeloid leukemia cells from Swedish patients. Sera giving highly positive reactions with Burkitt lymphoma cells failed to react or reacted only exceptionally with normal bone marrow cells of the same donors or the allogeneic non‐Burkitt target cells. In contrast, an isoimmune serum from a multiply transfused donor gave highly positive reactions against both Burkitt and non‐Burkitt target cells. Taken together with previous results, these findings speak against the involvement of blood group or transplantation antigens, leaving two main explanations: (a) a tumor‐specific reaction, similar to the findings on virus‐induced mouse lymphomas: (b) preferential non‐specific binding to Burkitt lymphoma cell surfaces of some globulin fraction appearing in the serum of Burkitt lymphoma patients after chemotherapeutically induced regression.
Coulter counter analysis of lymphoma differentiation patterns in AKR mice with lymphoid leukaemia
Authors: Metcalf D. , Brumby M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a Coulter counter, we obtained cell size distribution patterns from thymic and lymph‐node lymphoma tissues in AKR mice. Distribution patterns were different in all animals examined but, within individual mice, the lymphoma deposits in various locations showed identical patterns. Lymphoma cell patterns were maintained on first passage transplantation to normal AKR mice. No correlation was observed between lymphoma cell distribution patterns and lymphoma alkaline phosphatase contents or the rates of division of the lymphoma cells as determined by tritiated thymidine uptake studies.
The effect of Rous sarcoma virus (Schmidt‐Ruppin strain) on the chromosomes of human leucocytes in vitro
Authors: Schendler Shirley , Harris R. J. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman leucocyte cultures have been incubated in vitro with Rous sarcoma virus of the Schmidt‐Ruppin strain (RSV(S‐R)). Mitosis appeared to be inhibited to a degree dependent on the virus concentration. However, and contrary to other reports, the incidence of chromosome breaks (6 in 612 metaphases examined) in such cultures did not significantly differ from that found in controls (3 in 729) and was less than that for cultures incubated with a microsome fraction from chick embryo tissue homogenate (10 in 262).5‐Bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) produced 17 breaks in the 77 metaphases examined (22%) and the Negroni mycoplasma (from leukaemic bone‐marrow) gave 21 breaks in the 70 cells analysed.
Transformation in vitro de cellules de hamster chinois par l'adénovirus 12: Étude cytogénétique
Authors: Brailovsky Carlos , Wicker Rene , Rolando Cassingena Horacio Suarez Et 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChinese hamster cells can be transformed in vitro by adenovirus 12. These cells synthetise specific neo‐antigen (s), are tumorigenic for this animal species and show chromosomal alterations which are independent of malignant conversion.
Two spontaneously transformed cell lines derived from the same hamster embryo culture
Authors: Diamond Leila 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom a single primary culture of pooled hamster embryos, two morphologically distinct, malignant cell lines have evolved in the absence of experimentally applied selective factors, chemical, physical or viral. The cells of both sublines are male. One subline, designated Nil‐1, is extremely pleomorphic with lobulated nuclei and micronuclei. It was tumorigenic at the 35th passage (18 weeks) after initiation of the primary culture. The second subline, designated Nil‐2, is fibroblastic and required 30–45 more subcultures than Nil‐1 to become tumorigenic. The malignant properties of Nil‐1 and Nil‐2 were not correlated with any specific chromosome changes. At a time when Nil‐2 cells were still sensitive to contact inhibition and were not tumorigenic, they could be transformed by polyoma virus but not by SV40. The parent primary culture, however, was susceptible to transformation by SV40.Neither subline contained SV5 or lymphocytic choriomeningitis viral antigen or specific complement fixing antigen induced by polyoma virus, SV40, Rous sarcoma virus or adenovirus types 7, 12, 18, 21, or 31. No cytopathogenic agent and no mycoplasma could be isolated from the parent culture or sublires; no new transplantation antigen could be demonstrated. The possibilities in the etiology of the transformation are discussed.
Biological and chemotherapeutic studies on primary mammary tumors in C3H and C3HO mice
Authors: Gelzer J. , Loustalot P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA reproducible chemotherapy assay system using primary mammary tumors in C3H and C3HO mice is described. These tumors, although possibly hormone‐dependent to a minor extent, are not steroid‐sensitive and their response to accepted anti‐cancer compounds follows in general that of classical transplantable rodent tumors.
Clinical evaluation of a new alkylating agent, Azetepa, in one hundred and twenty‐five cases of malignant tumors
Authors: Choy Daniel S. J. , Arandia Jose , Rosenbaum Isaac 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new alkylating agent, Azetepa, is described. Our clinical experience in 125 patients with a variety of solid tumors is presented. Azetepa is useful chiefly in the treatment of lymphomas, mammary carcinoma, and carcinomas of the female genital tract. Its effectiveness in carcinomas of the digestive tract and accessory organs is comparable to that of the fluorinated pyrimidines. It can be administered via all conventional routes. Toxicity was very low; no deaths due to hematologic causes occurred. There was no hepato‐renal toxicity. Tentative recommendations are made for dosages and routes of administration.
An experimental model for studying factors which influence metastasis of malignant tumors
Authors: Karrer K. , Humphreys S. R. , Goldin A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImplantation of Lewis lung tumor into the leg muscle of BDF1 male mice resulted in tumor growth at the site of implantation. Metastasis to the lungs regularly occurred, early in the course of the disease, when the primary tumor was small and the mouse was capable of tolerating both surgery and chemotherapy.Treatment with cyclophosphamide alone was relatively ineffective in increasing the survival time of the animals and failed to increase the percentage of survivors.Radical surgery, performed early in the course of the disease, resulted in “cures” of almost 60% of the animals. Later, after definite metastasis had occurred, surgery alone was ineffective.Surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy was in some instances more effective than surgery alone or chemotherapy alone in yielding “cures”. Also, in many instances, the combination constituted more effective treatment in increasing the survival time of the animals. However, cumulative drug toxicity appeared to interfere with the potential of the combination modality of therapy.
Distribution of deoxyribonuclease activities in the subcellular fractions of mammary tumors of C3H mice
Authors: Georgatsos J. G. , Polyzonis M. , Palavradji D. , Symeonidis A. , Albanides D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of acid and alkaline deoxyribonuclease activities in the subcellular fractions of mouse mammary tumors of C3H mice has been studied. All sedimentable particles exhibit both activities. However, per mg of protein, the mitochondrial fraction is more active with respect to the acid deoxyribonuclease, while the alkaline deoxyribonuclease (exonuclease) shows highest specific activity in microsomes. Further fractionation of microsomes on sucrose gradients showed that exonuclease activity is present in deoxycholate‐soluble structures and not in ribosomes.