bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of endocannabinoid metabolism attenuates enhanced hippocampal neuronal activity induced by kainic acid
Authors: Coomber Ben , O'Donoghue Michael F. , Mason Robert 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe endogenous cannabinoid system regulates neuronal excitability. The effects of inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide, on kainic acid (KA)‐induced neuronal activity were investigated in the rat in vivo, using the selective FAAH inhibitor URB597. Hippocampal neuronal ensemble unit activity was recorded in isoflurane‐anesthetized rats using 16‐wire microelectrode arrays. Separate groups of rats were administered with single doses of KA alone, KA and URB597 (0.3 or 1 mg kg−1, i.p.), or URB597 (1 mg kg−1) alone. The role of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in mediating the effects of URB597 was explored using the CB1 selective antagonists AM251, either alone or prior to KA and URB597 (1 mg kg−1) administration, and SR141716A, administered prior to KA and URB597 (1 mg kg−1). Neuronal firing and burst firing rates were examined in animals with confirmed dorsal hippocampal placements. KA induced an increase in both firing and burst firing rates, effects which were attenuated by URB597 in a dose‐related manner. Pretreatment with AM251 or SR141716A partly attenuated the URB597‐mediated effects on firing and burst firing rate. Rats treated with AM251 or URB597 alone did not exhibit any significant change in either firing or burst firing rates compared with basal activity. These results suggest that the inhibition of endocannabinoid metabolism can suppress hyperexcitability in the rat hippocampus, partly via a CB1 receptor‐mediated mechanism. Synapse 62:746–755, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vanishing tumour of the internal auditory meatus
Authors: Jain A , Ablett M , Wardrop P 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectives:We report a very rare case of prostatic metastasis in the internal auditory meatus, which disappeared with treatment.Case report:An elderly man presented with a history of hearing loss, dizzy spells and, more recently, facial palsy. He also complained simultaneously of urological symptoms, which on investigation revealed advanced, metastatic prostate cancer. Radiological investigation, in the form of magnetic resonance imaging, revealed an internal auditory meatus mass which resembled an acoustic neuroma. The patient was treated with hormone injections.Tumours of the internal auditory meatus and cerebellopontine angle are mostly primary. Rarely, metastatic deposits have been described in this region, from squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, malignant parotid oncocytoma, renal carcinoma, and lung and thyroid primaries.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is a very rare report in the world literature of prostatic metastasis to the internal auditory meatus. We discuss the common presenting features, investigations and treatment options for metastatic prostatic tumours of the internal auditory meatus and cerebellopontine angle.
Dynamic behaviour of an oxygen dc discharge
Authors: RICHTER A. , TESTRICH H. , WAGNER H.-E. , LOFFHAGEN D. , WILKE C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe dynamic behaviour of a positive column oxygen plasma is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. In the experiment the response of the discharge current to small external perturbations of the electrical field is measured. Using these data the electrical impedance of the plasma is obtained dependent on the frequency of the external perturbation. A drift approximation model is presented, which covers the experimental findings over a wide range of the perturbation frequency. It appears that the influence of the fluctuations of the neutral species is negligible and the dynamic behaviour of the plasma is mostly governed by the charged particles. This provides a simple expression for the plasma impedance which allows the reaction rate and transport coefficients, as well as discharge parameters, to be validated.
A CORBA-based simulation and control framework for mobile robots
Authors: Zhen Zhang , Qixin Cao , Lo Charles , Lei Zhang 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYThis paper presents a distributed multiple mobile robots framework which allows programming and control of virtual and real mobile robots. The system provides the map building, path planning, robot task planning, simulation, and actual robot control functions in an indoor environment. Users can program the virtual robots in a customized simulation environment and check the performance of execution, i.e., if the simulation result is satisfying, users can download the code to a real robot. The paper focuses on the distributed architecture and key technologies of virtual robots simulation and control of real robots. A method for construction and transfer of a key index value (which stores the robot configuration) is proposed. Using this method, only the robot key configuration index is needed to build the robot in the virtual environment. This results in reduced network load and improved real time performance of the distributed system. Experiments were conducted to compare the performance of the proposed system with the performance of a centralized system. The results show that the distributed system uses less system resources and has better real time performance. What is more, this framework has been applied to Yaskawa's robot “SmartPal.” The simulation and experiment results show that our robotic framework can simulate and control the robot to perform complex tasks.
Accountability in morphological borrowing: Analyzing a linguistic subsystem as a sociolinguistic variable
Authors: Sanchez Tara 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTPrinciples of structural borrowing have been proposed, relating to structures of the languages involved and sociodemographic circumstances of their respective societies. This article quantitatively evaluates the roles of both linguistic and social factors in structural borrowing via examination of language contact data from Aruba and Curaçao, where creole Papiamentu is in contact with Spanish, Dutch, and English. Variationist methods, rooted in Labov's Principle of Accountability, are applied in a novel way to the system of verbal morphology to flesh out factors promoting borrowing. Linguistic factors are found to be quantitatively stronger, and only one nonlinguistic factor was found to promote borrowing. Results are discussed in light of prevailing theories of language contact. Findings contribute to our understanding of the long-term consequences of language contact and the relationship of contact-induced change to a more general sociolinguistic theory of language variation and change.
Respiratory Movement Patterns During Vocalizations at 7 and 11 Months of Age
Authors: Reilly Kevin J. , Moore Christopher A. 
Published: August 2008

Purpose
The present investigation was designed to study the modulation of abdomen and rib cage movements during vocalization over a period of development associated with rapid decreases in the compliance of the chest wall.

Method
Rib cage and abdominal kinematics were recorded during spontaneous vocalizations in 7- and 11-month old infants. Principal component analysis was used to represent each infant’s abdomen and rib cage traces as the weighted sum of a small number of principal component (PC) waveforms.

Results
The fundamental periods of infants' PC waveforms in the 11-month group were significantly shorter than those in the 7-month group. In addition, the variance contributed by PCs describing unidirectional patterns of respiratory movement decreased in the 11-month group, whereas the variances contributed by PCs describing modulated patterns of movement increased. Lastly, the extent to which abdomen and rib cage movements predicted the duration of corresponding vocalizations also increased significantly in the 11-month group compared with the 7-month group.

Conclusions
The findings of the present study were consistent with the hypothesis that decreases in the compliance of the chest wall result in more rapid modulation of chest wall movements and greater control of those movements by the developing neuromuscular system.
Typicality of Inanimate Category Exemplars in Aphasia Treatment: Further Evidence for Semantic Complexity
Authors: Kiran Swathi 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe typicality treatment approach on improving naming was investigated within 2 inanimate categories (furnitureandclothing) using a single-subject experimental design across participants and behaviors in 5 patients with aphasia.MethodParticipants received a semantic feature treatment to improve naming of either typical or atypical items within semantic categories, whereas generalization was tested to untrained items of the category. The order of typicality and category trained was counterbalanced across participants.ResultsResults indicated that 2 out of 4 patients trained on naming of atypical examples demonstrated generalization to naming untrained typical examples. One patient showed trends toward generalization but did not achieve criterion. Furthermore, all 4 patients trained on typical examples demonstrated no generalized naming to untrained atypical examples within the category. Also, analysis of errors indicated an evolution of errors as a result of treatment, from those with no apparent relationship to the target to primarily semantic and phonemic paraphasias.ConclusionThese results extend our previous findings (S. Kiran & C. K. Thompson, 2003a) to patients with nonfluent aphasia and to inanimate categories such asfurnitureandclothing. Additionally, the results provide support for the claim that training atypical examples is a more efficient method of facilitating generalization to untrained items within a category than training typical examples (S. Kiran, 2007).
Maternal Epistemological Perspectives and Variations in Mental State Talk
Authors: Hutchins Tiffany L. , Bond Lynne A. , Silliman Elaine R. , Bryant Judith B. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis study examined how complexity of maternal epistemological beliefs predicted mothers' and children’s talk about the mind.MethodTwenty-eight mothers of 5- to 10-year-olds completed a measure of receptive vocabulary, and mothers and children participated in a storytelling task specifically designed to elicit talk about the mind. Their use of mental state terms to encode pragmatic functions and mothers' epistemologies were assessed and compared.ResultsMaternal mental state talk and amount of talk increased with epistemological complexity. With the number of utterances held constant, mothers with simple, dualistic perspectives of knowledge used mental states more often to direct interaction; mothers with more complex epistemologies used mental states more often to encourage child reflection. Mothers with the less complex perspective underperformed on the receptive vocabulary measure in comparison to others. Children’s amount of talk and use of a variety of mental state terms also increased with maternal epistemological complexity. The amount of talk and mental state terms produced by mothers and children frequently persisted after the effects of maternal receptive vocabulary were removed.ConclusionsMaternal epistemologies predict several qualities of mothers' and children’s mental state talk that may contribute to children’s developing theory of mind.
Reading Achievement Growth in Children With Language Impairments
Authors: Catts Hugh W. , Bridges Mindy Sittner , Little Todd D. , Tomblin J. Bruce 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis study examined the reading achievement growth of children with language impairments (LI) across the school grades. The authors sought to determine whether children with LI demonstrate a delayed, deficit, or cumulative pattern of reading achievement growth when compared with children with typical language (TL).MethodA group of 225 children with LI and a group of 379 children with TL were identified in kindergarten and were administered multiple measures of word recognition and reading comprehension in 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 10th grades.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses indicated that the constructs of word recognition and reading comprehension were invariant across grades and groups of children with LI and TL. Further analyses indicated that a multiple group latent growth curve analysis was appropriate. This analysis showed that children with LI differed significantly from children with TL in initial level (2nd grade) of word recognition and reading comprehension, but they did not differ significantly in the shape of their growth trajectories.ConclusionThese results are consistent with a deficit model of reading growth in children with LI. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for early identification.
The Namesake in Persian
Authors: Haddadian-Moghaddam Esmaeil 
Published: August 2008

Translation and literary translation in particular, no longer can be seen as a static activity. In Austermühl’s words, the antiquated image of a lone translator, armed only with a pencil or typewriter and surrounded by dusty books, is no longer realistic. The translators are now learning to apply the new communication technologies like Internet in their work. The web log as a recent phenomenon in the cyber world can be applied in literary translation. However, it has been overlooked in translation studies, partly, in author’s opinion, because of its novelty but to large extend, because of its popularity as a platform or a personal diary for the novice bloggers, the authors of the web logs.
In this article, the application of a web log by an Iranian literary translator in his Persian translation of Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake is examined. By providing examples of the discussions between the translator and his visitors (readers), and by incorporating the web log in a model of translation studies, The Holmes–Toury map of translation studies, he tries to pinpoint the advantages of web log in literary translation in respect to its application as an online translation workshop. The author argues that the web log can be thoroughly applied in literary translation provided that the translator optimizes the quality of his web log or workshop by acknowledging the growing importance of new technologies available for him; and making informed decisions for the effective use of translation technology. What distinguishes the online translation workshop from its traditional one is its round-the-clock opening, facilitated interaction with the translator, absence of any formal setting and formality and instant access to available sources in Internet.

The application of weblogs as an online workshop has some advantages for the literary translator: acting as a mediator between the translator and his potential readers; sharing the experiences, problems and seeking advice; and, creating a virtual, universal world around the translation which is bigger than his small, personal world.
Arabidopsis thalianaregulatory element analyzer
Authors: Choudhury Ananyo , Lahiri Ansuman 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSummary: In the Arabidopsis thaliana regulatory element analyzer (AtREA) server, we have integrated sequence data, genome-wide expression data and functional annotation data in three application modules which will be useful to identify major regulatory targets of a user-provided cis-regulatory element (CRE), study different features of CRE distribution and evaluate the role of a set of CREs in the regulation of gene expression—independently as well as in combination with other user-provided CREs.Availability: AtREA is freely available at http://www.bioinformatics.org/grn/atrea.html.Contact: ananyo.c@gmail.com
Members of the S100 family bind p53 in two distinct ways
Authors: Fernandez‐Fernandez Maria Rosario , Rutherford Trevor J. , Fersht Alan R. 
Published: August 2008

Abstractp53 binds to some members of the S100 family (S100B, S100A4, S100A2, and S100A1). We previously showed that both S100B and S100A4 bind to the p53 tetramerization domain, and consequently control its oligomerization state, but only S100B binds to the C‐terminal negative regulatory domain (NRD). Here, we investigate other binding partners for p53 within the S100 family (S100A6 and S100A11), and show that binding to the p53 tetramerization domain seems to be a general feature of the S100 family, while binding to the NRD is a characteristic of a subset of the family.
How reliable are harvesting data for analyses of spatio‐temporal population dynamics?
Authors: Ranta Esa , Lindström Jan , Lindén Harto , Helle Pekka 
Published: August 2008

Harvest data are commonly used as proxy for count data, especially in studies of long‐term temporal and spatial patterns of population fluctuations. However, usually the concurrence of the conclusions based on different types of data is impossible to verify due to the lack of count data. Here, we use annual (1964–2004) harvest and population census data for capercaillie, black grouse and hazel grouse from 14 game management districts covering Finland, and demonstrate some mismatch in the information that these data sets provide. Overall, linear regressions of annual harvest against population count give a reasonable fit, but the slopes are less than 1 in every species. Harvest bags have been proportionally larger in north and eastern Finland than in southwestern Finland, with marked species‐specific differences. Considering population variation, the CV% in the census data (30–50%) is consistently smaller than it is in the harvest data (60–70%). Most importantly, conclusions on the spatio‐temporal patterns of the population dynamics are different if based on harvest rather than count data. In capercaillie, synchrony decreases faster with distance according to the harvest data, while in black grouse and hazel grouse the census data show the steeper decline. In addition, the autocorrelation coefficients in the census time series are higher in capercaillie and black grouse than in harvest data, but in hazel grouse the opposite is true. Finally, the parameter estimates for a second order autoregressive model using different data sets differ, and these differences are species‐specific. Despite the fact that annual harvest is a positive and linear function of annual grouse population density, the pattern of population dynamics derived from the bag data is different from that shown by the census data. This result urges caution in using wildlife bag data as reliable indices of population dynamics.deceased August 2008.
Evaluation of a new laboratory model for pulp healing: preliminary study
Authors: Simon S. , Cooper P. , Smith A. , Picard B. , Naulin Ifi C. , Berdal A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim  To assess the feasibility of using the mouse as an in vivo model for studying pulpal healing in response to restorative procedures.Methodology  Direct pulp capping on maxillary first molar teeth with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), overlaid with light‐cured composite resin, was performed on nineteen 3‐month‐old mice. For control teeth, the composite resin was placed in direct contact with the pulp. Animals were killed at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 5 weeks and 11 weeks postoperatively. Extracted dental tissues were subsequently analysed by haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry for dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) expression, scanning electronic microscopy and X‐ray analysis to determine both pulpal response and dentine bridge formation.Results  Of the 19 mice initially used, 16 were subsequently studied. Histological analyses of pulps directly exposed to MTA for up to 2 weeks demonstrated a distinct structural change in the extracellular matrix. By weeks 5 and 11, a dentine bridge was present in all MTA‐treated specimens in which DSPP immunoreactivity was clearly apparent. Scanning electronic microscopy and X‐ray analysis enabled confirmation of calcification of the dentine bridge, and demonstrated that it had a globular surface morphology as opposed to the tubular appearance associated with orthodentine.Conclusions  This is the first description of the utilization of a murine model for study of in vivo pulpal repair. This approach provides a novel opportunity to enable the use of genetically modified animals to explore cellular and molecular processes during reparative events.
Characterization and chemical activity of Portland cement and two experimental cements with potential for use in dentistry
Authors: Camilleri J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim  To evaluate the chemical activity of Portland cement and two other cement types with similar chemical composition to mineral trioxide aggregate with the aim of developing these cements for further applications in dentistry.Methodology  The chemical composition of the three cement types namely Portland cement, calcium sulpho‐aluminate cement and calcium fluoro‐aluminate cement was evaluated by elemental analysis using energy dispersive analysis with X‐ray under the scanning electron microscope and by X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to determine the phases. The constituents of the hydration reaction by‐products were evaluated by XRD analysis of the set cements at 1, 7, 28 and 56 days and by analysis of the leachate by ion chromatography. The pH of both cements and leachate was determined at different time intervals. Cements admixed with micro‐silica were also tested to determine the effect of micro‐silica on the reaction by‐products.Results  All three cement types were composed of tricalcium silicate as the main constituent phase. The hydration reaction of Portland cement produced calcium hydroxide. However, this was not present in the other cements tested at all ages. Admixed micro‐silica had little or no effect on the cements with regard to reaction by‐products. The pH of all cements tested was alkaline.Conclusions  Both the experimental calcium sulpho‐aluminate cement and calcium flouro‐aluminate cement had different hydration reactions to that of Portland cement even though calcium silicate was the major constituent element of both cement types. No calcium hydroxide was produced as a by‐product to cement hydration. Micro‐silica addition to the cement had no effect on the hydration reaction.
Analysis of fin and non‐fin fish products for azamethiphos and dichlorvos residues from the Canadian retail market
Authors: Rawn Dorothea F. K. , Krakalovich Tom , Forsyth Donald S. , Roscoe Veronica 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe organophosphate pesticides, azamethiphos and dichlorvos, have been used in the aquaculture industry for sea lice control around the globe. Only azamethiphos was registered for aquaculture purposes in the 1990s and early 2000s in Canada; however, dichlorvos is used for this activity in other countries. Canada imports fish and shellfish from around the world for human consumption. To complete human exposure assessments, the determination of these organophosphate pesticides in fin and non‐fin fish products from Canada and other countries was performed (n = 140) using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Neither of these compounds was found at levels above the method detection limit (0.01–2 and 0.1–14 ng g−1 of azamethiphos and dichlorvos, respectively) in any fish product analysed in the present study, suggesting that their use does not contribute to dietary intake via consumption of fish.