bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical neck dissection
Authors: Conley John 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRadical neck dissection has evolved into a standard surgical technique over the past century. It has been the most effective method of attempting to control suspected or gross metastasis to the cervical region. The technique embraces the en masse removal of all tissue elements in the space between the subdermis and the fascia colli. The perimeters of the dissection extend from the midline anteriorly to the anterior border of the trapezius muscle posteriorly, and from the clavicle to the mandible. The essential portion of this large mass of tissue is the cervical lymph system with its lymph nodes and afferent and efferent connecting vessels. Controllability of the cancer process is in direct proportion to the number of nodes involved, their size and their position in the neck. Complications in the routine radical neck dissection are minimal. Cure rates are influenced by the type, size and site of the primary cancer, the possibilities for adjunctive treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the, as yet, little understood immunological factors. The radical neck dissection has proven itself to be an essential tool in the management of cancer in the head and neck.
The problem of advanced supraglottic carcinoma
Authors: Siirala Urpo , Paavolainen Mikko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSixty‐four cases of advanced supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma, and the possible therapeutic errors in these cases, have been analyzed. The available time for the investigation and treatment in these cases is short because of the ease and rapidity of spread of these tumors; thus, it is of great importance: that the nature, site and extent of the tumor is determined quickly; that the patient's general condition is determined and improved as far as possible and the patient receives treatment also for other diseases he may have; and that the tumor is radically eliminated whenever possible without delay.The main causes of poor results have been: late admission for treatment; inadequate (too conservative) surgery; and development of metastases during preoperative treatment which includes radiation.
Laboratory diagnosis of laryngeal disease
Authors: Michaels Leslie 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe most important method used in the laboratory diagnosis of laryngeal disease is histological examination of material removed at biopsy. Surgical and technical aspects of this procedure are discussed. A review of diagnoses made of laryngeal biopsies in a single year by the writer's laboratory is given together with a brief description of the pathology of the commonest non‐malignant conditions. The handling of laryngectomy and block dissection specimens in the laboratory is described. The parts played by the cytology, bacteriology and virology laboratories in laryngeal diagnosis are briefly reviewed.
Dna contents of individual cells from squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and tongue
Authors: Jakobsson Per åke , Dick Killander P. , Silfverswärd Claes , Wersäll Jan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn previous work a new method of histologic grading of malignancy in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx was described. It was based on morphologic criteria representing the tumor cell population itself and the tumor host relationship. Nuclear polymorphism was revealed to be a very important factor for determining prognosis. This method of histologic grading of malignancy was in this work further analyzed by cytophotometric DNA determinations on individual cells obtained by scraping the surface of squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and the tongue. Increased heterogenous cellular DNA distributions were found in cases with high histological malignancy grading. Cells in the carcinoma cases with a normal epithelial morphology had the same DNA content as that of control cells of normal buccal mucosa. Cells with higher DNA values all had malignant or suspicious morphology.
Human middle ear corpuscles ‐ a light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Lim David , Jackson Daniel , Bennett Joseph 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe human middle ear corpuscles originally described by von Troeltsch are examined by means of light microscopy in 124 subjects, and electron microscopy in 27 subjects. While the corpuscles are not observed in all 19 individuals under age six, and in all 20 adults who had a history of suppurative otitis media, an average of six corpuscles per temporal bone is found in 98 percent of 83 adult subjects who had no history of middle ear disease. Two‐thirds of the corpuscles are located in the mastoid, and the remainder in the middle ear. Often, they become bifurcated or trifurcated. Although light microscopy shows that the corpuscle is formed by lamellar capsules and a central core resembling pacinian corpuscles, electron microscopic study failed to confirm that this structure is a typical pacinian corpuscle. Subsequently, possible physiological significance of this corpuscle is discussed.
Cricopharyngeal myotomy in the treatment of dysphagia
Authors: Chodosh Paul L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDeglutition is a complex neuromuscular act. Alterations in anatomy and physiology may lead to dysphagia. The role of the cricopharyngeus appears to be the keystone in the rehabilitation of many patients with dysphagia. This paper examines the physiology of swallowing as well as the patho‐physiology of its aberrations. Techniques and complications of cricopharyngeal myotomy are presented. Cases of dysphagia due to ablative surgery of the head and neck, dermatomyositis, cerebrovascular accidents, and cricopharyngeal achalasia in which cricopharyngeal myotomy was utilized, are reported. It would appear from this small number of cases, that cricopharyngeal myotomy is indicated in the rehabilitation of dysphagia in patients with varied disease states.
Hearing loss of acquired syphilis: Diagnosis confirmed by incudectomy
Authors: Nadol Joseph B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSyphilis, both congenital and acquired, may cause sensori‐neural hearing loss. Congenital syphilis presents in two forms: early (infantile), and late (tardive). Acquired syphilis, both secondary and tertiary, may cause deafness.The clinical course of the acquired and congenital forms are similar. Sensori‐neural hearing loss with low discrimination scores may affect both ears simultaneously or sequentially, and vestibular complaints are common. A clinical diagnosis can be made on the basis of history, the presence of other stigmata of syphilis, and serological tests, including the FTA‐ABS.The histopathology of acquired and congenital forms is indistinguishable and is essentially twofold: first, syphilis may cause a meningo‐neurolabyrinthitis with round cell infiltration of the labyrinth and VIIIth nerve as the predominant lesion in early congenital syphilis and the acute meningitides of secondary and tertiary acquired syphilis. Second, syphilis may cause a perivascular round cell osteitis of the temporal bone with secondary involvement of the membranous labyrinth in both late congenital and acquired late latent or tertiary syphilis. Endolymphatic hydrops may be seen in both the congenital and acquired forms.A case report of bilateral sequential sudden deafness due to acquired syphilis is presented. A histological diagnosis of syphilitic involvement of the temporal bone was made by incudectomy. Treatment with prednisone and penicillin over a three‐month period resulted in return of good cochlear function in one ear.
Adam politzer, otology and the centennial exhibition of 1876
Authors: Stool Sylvan E. , Kemper Marlyn J. , Kemper Bennett 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe Centennial Exhibition of 1876 was held in Philadelphia. Among the exhibits was a collection of temporal bone dissections produced by Adam Politzer of Vienna. This exhibit included both normal and pathological temporal bones, and emphasized the relationship of the tympanic membrane to the middle ear, external canal and bony labyrinth.At the close of the Centennial Exhibition the collection was purchased by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. This collection and the congress associated with the Centennial had a tangible effect on the otology in this country.
Evaluation of unilateral exophthalmos with ultrasonography: Analysis of 258 consecutive cases
Authors: Dallow Richard L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUltrasound examination has emerged as a valuable technique for defining soft tissue abnormalities of the eye and orbit. As high frequency sound waves (5 to 20 megahertz) are projected through soft tissues, echoes are produced at tissue interfaces. These echoes are displayed on oscilloscopes as either one‐dimensional amplitude spikes (A‐mode ultrasonography), or as dots integrated into a two‐dimensional image representing a thin section through the entire orbit (B‐scan ultrasonography). A‐mode indicates tissue substance, while B‐scan illustrates tissue morphology.With this technique, orbital tumors are clearly distinguished in terms of their location, size, and configuration, as well as the basic tissue type (cystic, solid, angiomatous or infiltrative). Other orbital processes are defined by ultrasonography also, including inflammatory conditions such as diffuse pseudotumor or cellulitis, congestive conditions such as dysthyroid exophthalmos, and orbital hemorrhage. Intracranial and vascular etiologies of exophthalmos have no specific ultrasound signs.In a series of 258 consecutive patients with unilateral exophthalmos examined with ultrasonography, diagnosis of tumor was made in 26 percent (66 cases). Overall accuracy of orbital tumor diagnosis by ultrasonography was 94 percent in this series. Tumor localization, configuration, and extent indicated by the test aided in selecting surgical approaches. Other patients in the series were diagnosed ultrasonically as a variety of other entities, mostly inflammatory and dysthyroid exophthalmos. Normal ultrasound studies were found in 19 percent. None of these patients had subsequent diagnosis of tumor.Diagnostic ultrasonography is capable of detecting orbital tumors and distinguishing them from inflammatory, congestive, and other causes of exophthalmos with a high degree of reliability. The test is painless, well tolerated, non‐invasive, and non‐toxic. It now has a prominent role in evaluation of any patient with exophthalmos.
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: Radiographic aspects
Authors: Sessions Roy B. , Wills Paul I. , Alford Bobby R. , Harrell James E. , Evans Robert A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBecause of consistent and unique radiographic features of JNA, it is not necessary, nor is it advisable, to biopsy these tumors to establish a diagnosis. In addition, the carotid arteriograms show the major feeding vessels to the lesion and also completely delineate the periphery of the tumor, thus establishing operability versus non‐operability. If a JNA is treated by radiotherapy, the changes effected can be followed by carotid arteriography.
Symposium: Management of tumors of the parotid gland: I. Correlation of the histopathology and clinical management of parotid neoplasms
Authors: Cocke Edwin W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe successful management of swellings in the parotid gland region is dependent upon the establishment of a clinical and/or histologic diagnosis of the condition responsible for the production of the abnormal swelling.All mobile parotid tumors are removed as an excisional biopsy with preservation of the facial nerve. A preoperative biopsy will not influence the subsequent management of these lesions.An aspiration biopsy is employed to evaluate all primary, previously undiagnosed, non‐ulcerative parotid tumors suspected of being clinically malignant. An experienced pathologist views with confidence evaluation of solid material that has been carefully separated from the aspirated specimen.It is our opinion that when the biopsy tract is removed with the tumor, there is less risk of surgical wound contamination by tumor than when there is an incisional biopsy or incomplete excision of the tumor for frozen or permanent section diagnosis.One should not expect to derive as much information from an aspiration biopsy as may be derived from a formal incisional biopsy. If the histologic interpretation of the aspirated material is inconclusive, one may proceed to accept the added risk of an open biopsy.If it is known preoperatively that the tumor is malignant, that it is other than a low grade cancer, and that the tumor should be treated surgically, management of the facial nerve and the cervical nodes may be anticipated. This may be accomplished by an aspiration biopsy.
Symposium: The Supra‐tip in rhinoplasty: A dilemma: II. Influence of surrounding structure and prevention
Authors: Wright William K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOne of the most annoying complications of rhinoplasty is the supra‐tip hump (pollybeak). Possible causes are failure to surgically compensate for:1. The increased skin thickness above the tip.2. Supra‐tip keloid tendency.3. Overactive depressor septi muscles.4. Loss of natural tip support by the upper lateral cartilages and septum.
Symposium: Contraindications to tympanoplasty
Authors: Taylor G. Dekle 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA panel on contraindications to tympanoplasty connotes the need for self‐evaluation by the otologic surgeon. A polarity of opinion is developing among tympanoplastic surgeons. There are some who recognize few contraindications in these procedures in contrast to those who are very conservative. The panel has designated absolute and relative contraindications which must be determined according to the surgeon's dexterity and experience. A careful selection of patients in light of the relative contraindications is advocated.The contributors to this panel jointly enumerated the following contraindications, absolute and relative, to tympanoplasty:1. Extensive mucosal deficit (particularly with good hearing in opposite ear).2. Absence of middle ear bony framework (postoperative radical mastoidectomy).3. Non‐existence of stapedial superstructure (poor prognosis).4. Fixation of footplate (poor prognosis).5. Total eustachian tube obstruction.6. Extensive tympanosclerosis.7. Surgery on better hearing ear (except for compelling reason).8. Surgery on only serviceable ear (except for compelling reason).9. Minimum of discrimination is necessary (70–80 is borderline between good and bad prognosis).10. Patients with small air‐bone gap are usually non‐candidates (surgery could make them worse).11. Systemic diseases — i.e., tuberculosis, malignancy, diabetes, circulatory problems (obtain clearance from internist).12. Post irradiation base of skull (interferes with healing).13. Severe allergic disorders.14. Chronic sinusitis.15. Cleft palate.16. Extensive cholesteatoma (particularly with inexperienced aural surgeon).17. Avoid ear preferred by patient for hearing aid (a surgical accident might render ear useless).18. Ear in which previous surgery has been associated with serious complications (i.e., facial nerve paralysis, cerebrospinal fluid leak, lateral sinus rupture).19. Persistent wet ear after adequate local treatment (indicates eustachian tube problems and nasal pathology).20. Tympanoplasty in children not too successful. Eustachian tube does not achieve sufficient growth (until age 10–14 years) to prevent recurrent middle ear infection. There is a high probability of spontaneous healing.21. Age (under three or over 70).22. Fibrosis of middle ear and extensive tympanosclerosis (insufficient blood supply for good healing).23. Obliterative fibrosis of middle ear requiring space creating and adhesion preventing materials.24. Mumps exposure.25. Acute illness.26. Acute traumatic perforation.27. Perfect contralateral ear.28. Real benefit unlikely.29. Inability to remove epithelium at time of surgery.30. Acute or chronic external otitis.31. Unilateral congenital atresia.32. Bilateral congenital bony atresia before age six.
Symposium: Contraindications to tympanoplasty. I. Absolute and relative contraindications
Authors: Bailey H. A. Ted 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA brief history of the surgical technique of tympanoplasty is provided, emphasizing the underlying principles and goals as defined by Wullstein.Based on clinical and surgical experience, a list of absolute and relative contraindications to tympanoplasty surgery is presented according to the presence or absence of active pathology.
Ischemic paralysis of the facial nerve: A possible etiologic factor in Bell's palsy
Authors: Calcaterra Thomas C. , Rand Robert W. , Bentson John R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNumerous causes of peripheral facial nerve paralyses have been described; however, none has satisfactorily explained the genesis of the most common type of paralysis, Bell's palsy. Two patients undergoing an experimental embolization of vascular intracranial tumors suffered a total peripheral facial nerve paralysis when occlusion of the middle meningeal artery had been accomplished. It is speculated that this paralysis resulted from ischemia of the horizontal portion of the facial nerve, an observation that has not previously been described and that might be applicable as well to the etiology of Bell's palsy.
Fibrosarcoma of the head and neck in children
Authors: Swain Ronnie E. , Sessions Donald G. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA retrospective study of 11 children with fibrosarcoma of the head and neck is presented. Six of these tumors are well differentiated, and three are poorly differentiated. Nine patients were followed for over six years and are available for treatment evaluation. The results of treatment indicate that patients with superficially located, well differentiated tumors occurring at sites where wide surgical margins can be obtained have the most favorable prognosis.
Construction of a practical and inexpensive air stimulator for caloric vestibular testing
Authors: Proctor Leonard R. , Metz Werner A. , Dix Rollin C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn inexpensive and practical method for delivering air into the aural canal at a selected stable temperature is described. A water‐air heat exchanger utilizing the external circulation of a constant‐temperature water bath brings the temperature of the air stream to a chosen value. Measurements indicate stable air outflow temperatures are maintained when proper nozzle design and air flow rates are employed. The apparatus is easy to construct and has proven convenient and effective when used in the clinical vestibular laboratory.
Symposium: Methods of reconstruction in tympanoplasty: I. Management of fixation of malleolus head and incudal body in tympanoplasty
Authors: Pennington Claude L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDepending upon the presence or absence of stapedial mobility, treatment of ossicular fixation will vary. Methods and indication to preserve the fixed malleolar head and neck are discussed and positive indications for removal of the incus are enumerated. A description of various surgical techniques of interposition of the incus between the mobile malleus and stapes to relieve stapes fixation and restore continuity are described in detail.
PlastiporeTM total ossicular replacement prosthesis
Authors: Shea John 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn those ears in which the incus and/or malleus are missing or not suitable, a columella made of high density polyethylene sponge has proven to be very effective. Tissue readily grows into the large pores of this material so that it is well tolerated in the body. During the last six months 54 have been implanted with no rejection so far and a good hearing gain in 43 or 80 percent.
Symposium: Congenital anomalies of the middle ear: III. Congenital anomalies of the middle ear
Authors: Pou Jack W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the middle ear have been considered rare. The tremendous volume of middle ear surgery performed during the last 15 years has brought attention to numerous anomalies of the facial nerve, ossicles, and middle ear cleft, suggesting that middle ear anomalies are not as rare as once believed. This paper discusses anomalies of the descending and horizontal facial nerve which have been previously reported. The literature of anomalies of the ossicles is reviewed. A very rare anomaly of the carotid artery presenting in the middle ear is described and its surgical treatment outlined. Two anomalies of the middle ear associated with other branchial arch anomalies are reported and their treatment results discussed.
Symposium: Congenital anomalies of the middle ear: IV. Management of profuse perilymph leak
Authors: Shea John J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractProfuse perilymph leak during an otological operation can be controlled by inserting an epidural teflon cannula into the lumbar subarachnoid space and draining away the excess spinal fluid. After about 100 cc is removed the perilymph leak stops, and the oval window can be sealed with a living seal, such as vein, and the operation completed. The catheter is left in the subarachnoid space for about four days, with a bottle on the distal end positioned to remove no more than 150 cc of spinal fluid per day.Results with two patients in which this maneuver was used to control profuse perilymph leak are reported.
Routine abscess tonsillectomy: Late results
Authors: Bonding Per 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe late results of abscess tonsillectomy as a routine treatment of peritonsillar abscess were investigated. The material comprises 113 patients. Follow‐up was performed two to five years after the operation (bilateral dissection tonsillectomy under general anesthesia).Symptoms of pharyngitis, recurrent or chronic, were present in 17 percent of the patients, in most cases without major objective changes in the throat. The incidence of these symptoms was highest — 70 percent — in patients past middle age without any history of trouble from the throat before the peritonsillar abscess.Tonsil remnants were seen in 28 percent, but only 6 percent of the patients had new episodes of febrile throat infections.The results are discussed. A reserved attitude to abscess tonsillectomy (and to interval tonsillectomy) is recommended for peritonsillar abscess in elderly patients without previous trouble from the throat.
Laryngeal suspension in head and neck surgery
Authors: Goode Richard L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNineteen cases with major resections of the head and neck were treated with laryngeal suspension and cricopharyngeal myotomy in an attempt to allow swallowing function postoperatively and avoid a total laryngectomy. Sixteen cases were available for evaluation. Eight cases (50 percent) were able to eat by mouth, 15 patients (94 percent )had a normal airway and 14 patients (87 percent) had intelligible speech.
Hearing impairment caused by intratympanic pressure changes during general anesthesia
Authors: Patterson Mack E. , Bartlett Philip C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHearing impairment is not often considered a potential complication of general anesthesia; however, four patients who sustained hearing loss following nitrous oxide inhalation anesthesia have recently come to the authors' attention. The cases are presented and middle ear pressure measurements taken during endotracheal inhalation anesthesia with various agents are reported. Factors predisposing to hearing loss during anesthesia are discussed.