bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological and immunological aspects of tooth transplantation
Authors: Atkinson M. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHistopathological studies of teeth transplanted between genetically identical and dissimilar animals and to animals in which the immune response is suppressed or enhanced show that autografts and isogratts degenerate but then are repaired, whereas allografts show a bewildering array of changes from almost total destruction to total repair. Some explanations for the repair of teeth in an immunologically hostile environment are put forward.The immunological aspects of tooth transplantation are also reviewed. Transplanted teeth stimulate an immune response from the host and are subject to the same rules of genetic relationship which apply to other tissues. Most components of the teeth are antigenic in isolation but only the pulp and periodontal ligament have so far been demonstrated to possess these properties in viro. Transplanted teeth also elicit antibody formation but the importance of antibodies in the rejection process is still disputed.It is concluded that teeth are not immunologically privileged tissues but will elicit cell‐mediated responses from allogeneic hosts and are subject to the same invasive‐destructive lesions as a result. The peculiar observations of repair of allogeneic teeth and delayed immune responses can be explained by considering the histopathology of transplanted teeth and their capacity for repair.Finally, the use of transplanted teeth to study odontogenesis and pathological entities such as odontogenic cysts and reparative dentin formation are briefly reviewed.
Fibronectin
Authors: Ruoslahti Erkki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract The current knowledge of the structure, expression and functions of fibronectin is reviewed.Fibronectin is a high molecular weight glycoprotein present in the blood, connective tissue and at cell surfaces. It is synthesized by many types of differentiated cells and is believed to be involved in the attachment of cells to the surrounding extracellular matrix. Fibronectin has affinity to the other main components of extracellular matrix, collagen and glycosaminoglycans. It also interacts with cell surfaces as shown by the fact that fibronectincollagen complexes, or fibronectin alone when insolubilized on a surface such as plastic, enhances the attachment of various types of cells to such surfaces.It seems that fibronectin, through its binding to collagen and to the cell surface, forms a bridge between the cell and its surrounding matrix. Circulating fibronectin may participate in the formation of extracellular matrix in tissues. It may also function as a nonspecific opsonin designed to facilitate the uptake of tissue debris by phagocytic cells.Studies aimed at elucidating the significance of fibronectin in physiological phenomena and in disease have only just begun. The abundance of fibronectin in basement membrane structures and the developmental changes observed in its expression lead one to believe that the attachment (or lack of it) of cells to fibronectin plays a significant role in morphogenetic events or in normal development. Malignantly transformed cells tend to lack cell‐associated fibronectin. The significance of the lack of surface fibronectin in transformed cells is a matter of some controversy, but if fibronectin is indeed the main mechanism that anchors cells to the extracellular matrix, disturbances of this mechanism could play an important role in malignancy and many other diseases.
Correlation of changes in capillary supply and epithelial dimensions in the hyperplastic buccal mucosa of zinc‐deficient rats
Authors: Meyer J. , Stohle M. R. , Stablein M. J. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Lengths of capillaries and epithelial dimensions were measured on tracings of sections of buccal mucosa stained for alkaline phosphatase from rats on a zinc‐deficient diet.The zinc‐deficient animals showed the following increases over controls: length of capillaries, ×2.67; thickness of cell layer, ×1.47; thickness of keratin layer, ×2.82; basal layer length: surface length ratio, ×1.41. Lengthening of the basal layer and the capillaries showed high positive correlations with thickening of the cell layer. Lengthening of the capillaries exceeded the lengthening of the basal layer and the thickening of the epithelium but fell short of the increased anabolic performance of the epithelium as quantitated in previous investigations.
Tannic acid‐glutaraldehyde fixative and pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland: An ultrastructural study
Authors: David Raffaele , Buchner Amos 
Published: April 2006

Four cases of pleomorphic adenomas of parotid glands were fixed by immersion in a mixture of 4% tannic acid and 3% glutaraldehyde followed by OsO4 postfixation and heavy metals staining. This clearly visualized the presence of dense amorphous elastic fibers in cellular and myxochondroid areas. The dense amorphous fibers were associated with varying numbers of peripheral filaments which appeared sometimes as bundles of parallel fibrils without intermingled amorphous material. These intermediate‐sized filaments were seen in direct continuity with similar intracellular filaments with or without interposition of basal‐membrane‐like material and/or with extracellular filament‐containing vesicles.It is suggested that these filaments are synthesized intracellularly and released into the extracellular space by neoplastic myoepithelial cells mainly by cytoplasmic vesicle separation.In addition, small round vesicles with a dense core of amorphous material and staining characteristics identical to those of extracellular elastin were frequently seen in the peripheral parts of these myoepithelial‐like cells. It is possible that these dense‐cored vesicles have a secretory function and contain a precursor of elastin.
Severe congenital hypoglossia and micrognathia with other multiple birth defects
Authors: Oulis Constantine J. , Thornton John B. 
Published: April 2006

Severe congenital hypoglossia with the anterior two‐thirds of the tongue missing is a rare finding. This case report describes an infant 14 months of age who manifests this tongue anomaly along with other congenital malformations including an underdeveloped mandible, partial anodontia, enamel hypoplasia, situs inversus, dextrocardia, and asplenia. Only one other case similar to this case has been reported in the literature. There is no report of any case of severe congenital hypoglossia with asplenia.The etiology of this birth defect is only speculative at this time, but the mother of our patient was exposed to radiation from routine chest films during her first trimester of pregnancy.
Granular cells associated with the enamel organ of a developing tooth
Authors: Sunderland E. P. , Sunderland R. , Smith C. J. 
Published: April 2006

An accumulation of granular cells associated with the enamel organ of a developing deciduous, incisor tooth was noted during light microscopy (LM) of serial sections from the right half of a mandible from a stillborn, female infant of 37 weeks gestations. There was a break in continuity of the enamel matrix associated with the focus of granular cells, which appeared to be continuous with, and arise directly from, the cells of the stratum intermedium.The granular cells were very similar histologically to those of a congenital epulis but it is impossible to say whether the lesion would have developed sufficiently to present clinically as an epulis. Less probably, the granular cells might eventually have been associated with the subsequent development of a granular cell ameloblastoma or ameloblastic fibroma. If the lesion does represent an early stage in the formation of a congenital epulis, it would support the odontogenic theory of origin of the granular cells.
Possible Role of Natural Immune Response against Altered Fibroblasts in the Development of Post‐Operative Adhesions
Authors: Alpay Zeynep , Özgönenel Melike S. , Savaşan Süreyya , Buck Steven , Saed Ghassan M. , Diamond Michael P. 
Published: May 2006

ProblemPost‐operative adhesion tissue fibroblasts (ATF) differ from normal peritoneal fibroblasts (NPF). Natural immune response participates in the elimination of altered cells. In this study, we investigated NPF and ATF expression patterns of immune response‐related markers, and lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cell‐mediated fibroblast elimination in vitro.Method of studyPrimary cell cultures of both NPF and ATF obtained from the same four patients were used in the experiments. The expression of CD54, CD40 and CD120b, and allogeneic LAK cell‐mediated ATF and NPF elimination were studied by flow cytometry.ResultsAverage expression of CD54 in ATF was greater by 12.3‐fold compared with NPF (P = 0.021), with ratios of 2.4 and 1.9‐fold for CD40 (P < 0.001) and CD120b (P = 0.013), respectively. Average LAK cell‐mediated fibroblast killing was 1.8 ± 0.8‐fold greater in ATF over NPF (P = 0.008). Furthermore, LAK cell‐mediated fibroblast elimination correlated significantly with the increased CD40, CD54 and CD120b expression (R > 0.956; P < 0.05 for each).ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that ATF are more susceptible to lymphocyte‐mediated elimination than NPF and the development of adhesions despite this could be explained by either impaired or overwhelmed autologous natural immune response against reactive fibroblasts.
Elimination ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 from Fermented Dry Sausages at an Organoleptically Acceptable Level of Microencapsulated Allyl Isothiocyanate
Authors: Chacon Pedro A. , Muthukumarasamy Parthiban , Holley Richard A. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTFour sausage batters (17.59% beef, 60.67% pork, and 17.59% pork fat) were inoculated with two commercial starter culture organisms (>7 log10CFU/gPediococcus pentosaceusand 6 log10CFU/gStaphylococcus carnosus) and a five-strain cocktail of nonpathogenic variants ofEscherichia coliO157:H7 to yield 6 to 7 log10CFU/g. Microencapsulated allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) was added to three batters at 500, 750, or 1,000 ppm to determine its antimicrobial effects. For sensory analysis, separate batches with starter cultures and 0, 500, or 750 ppm microencapsulated AIT were produced. Sausages were fermented at ≤26°C and 88% relative humidity (RH) for 72 h. Subsequently sausages were dried at 75% RH and 13°C for at least 25 days. The water activity (aw), pH, and levels of starter cultures,E. coliO157:H7, and total bacteria were monitored during fermentation and drying. All sausages showed changes in the initial pH from 5.57 to 4.89 and in awfrom 0.96 to 0.89 by the end of fermentation and drying, respectively. Starter culture numbers were reduced during sausage maturation, but there was no effect of AIT on meat pH reduction.E. coliO157:H7 was reduced by 6.5 log10CFU/g in sausages containing 750 and 1,000 ppm AIT after 21 and 16 days of processing, respectively.E. coliO157:H7 numbers were reduced by 4.75 log10CFU/g after 28 days of processing in treatments with 500 ppm AIT, and the organism was not recovered from this treatment beyond 40 days. During sensory evaluation, sausages containing 500 ppm AIT were considered acceptable although slightly spicy by panelists.
Gene expression profiling of whole-blood samples from women exposed to hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Dumeaux Vanessa , Johansen Jostein , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Lund Eiliv 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe American Women's Health Initiative study published in July 2002 caused considerable concern among hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users and prescribers in many countries. This study is an exploratory research comparing the genome-wide expression profile in whole-blood samples according to HRT use. Within the Norwegian Women and Cancer study, 100 postmenopausal women (50 HRT users and 50 non-HRT users) born between 1943 and 1949 with normal to high body mass index and no other medication use were selected. After total RNA extraction, amplification, and labeling, the samples were hybridized together with a common reference (Universal human reference RNA, Stratagen) to Agilent Human 1A oligoarrays (G4110b, Agilent Technologies) containing 20,173 unique genes. Differentially expressed genes were used to build a classifier using the nearest shrunken centroid method (PAM). Then, we tested the significant changes in single genes by different methods like t test, Significance Analysis of Microarrays, and Bayesian ANOVA analysis. Results did not reveal any distinct gene list which predicted accurately HRT exposure (error rate, 0.40). Classifier performance slightly improved (error rate, 0.26) including only women who were using continuous combined HRT treatment. According to the small amplitude of expression alterations observed in whole blood, more quantitative technique and larger sample sizes will be needed to be able to investigate whether significant single genes are differentially expressed in HRT versus non-HRT users. Taken cautiously, significant enrichments in biological process of genes with small changes after HRT use were observed (e.g., receptor and transporter activities, immune response, frizzled signaling pathway, actin filament organization, and glycogen metabolism). [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(4):868–76]
Aerosol delivery of urocanic acid–modified chitosan/programmed cell death 4 complex regulated apoptosis, cell cycle, and angiogenesis in lungs of K-ras null mice
Authors: Jin Hua , Kim Tae Hee , Hwang Soon-Kyung , Chang Seung-Hee , Kim Hyun Woo , Anderson Hanjo K. , Lee Han-Woong , Lee Kee-Ho , Colburn Nancy H. , Yang Hsin-Sheng , Cho Myung-Haing , Cho Chong Su 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The low efficiency of conventional therapies in achieving long-term survival of patients with lung cancer calls for development of novel treatment options. Although several genes have been investigated for their antitumor activities through gene delivery, problems surrounding the methods used, such as efficiency, specificity, and toxicity, hinder application of such therapies in clinical settings. Aerosol gene delivery as nonviral and noninvasive method for gene therapy may provide an alternative for a safer and more effective treatment for lung cancer. In this study, imidazole ring-containing urocanic acid–modified chitosan (UAC) designed in previous study was used as a gene carrier. The efficiency of UAC carrier in lungs was confirmed, and the potential effects of the programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) tumor suppressor gene on three major pathways (apoptosis, cell cycle, and angiogenesis) were evaluated. Aerosol containing UAC/PDCD4 complexes was delivered into K-ras null lung cancer model mice through the nose-only inhalation system developed by our group. Delivered UAC/PDCD4 complex facilitated apoptosis, inhibited pathways important for cell proliferation, and efficiently suppressed pathways important for tumor angiogenesis. In summary, results obtained by Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated nick end labeling assay suggest that our aerosol gene delivery technique is compatible with in vivo gene delivery and can be applied as a noninvasive gene therapy. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(4):1041–9]
Molecular alterations after Polo-like kinase 1 mRNA suppression versus pharmacologic inhibition in cancer cells
Authors: Schmidt Mathias , Hofmann Hans-Peter , Sanders Karl , Sczakiel Georg , Beckers Thomas L. , Gekeler Volker 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Multiple roles within mitosis have been assigned to Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), making it an attractive candidate for mitotic targeting of cancer cells. We have employed chimeric antisense oligonucleotides to investigate the molecular alterations after targeted interference with Plk1 in RKO human colon adenocarcinoma and PC3 prostate cancer cells. Suppression of Plk1 mRNA resulted in a dramatic increase of the mitotic index followed by the onset of apoptosis. Mitotically arrested cells displayed randomly separated condensed chromosomes and the occurrence of multiple spindle poles with well-formed asters. Induction of apoptosis was strictly dependent on cell cycle progression: Genetically engineered RKO cells with inducible expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 were completely refractory to Plk1 depletion-induced apoptosis when they were arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Various mitotic markers, including MPM-2, cdc25c, cyclin B1, or phosphorylated histone H3, were investigated to explore the molecular consequences of Plk1 depletion. Whereas most marker proteins showed similar alterations compared with treatment with paclitaxel, cdc25c was fully phosphorylated solely in paclitaxel-treated cells but only partially phosphorylated in Plk1-depleted cells, although both treatments caused a profound mitotic arrest. This differential phosphorylation of cdc25c was used to test whether a pharmacologic inhibitor of Plk1 would exert the same cellular effects as interference with Plk1 on a mRNA level. It was found that the differential electrophoretic mobility of cdc25c can serve as a reliable molecular marker to track inhibition of Plk1 by small-molecule inhibitors within a cell. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(4):809–17]
Mode of action of the chloroethylating and carbamoylating moieties of the prodrug cloretazine
Authors: Ishiguro Kimiko , Seow Helen A. , Penketh Philip G. , Shyam Krishnamurthy , Sartorelli Alan C. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Cloretazine is an antitumor sulfonylhydrazine prodrug that generates both chloroethylating and carbamoylating species. The cytotoxic potency of these species was analyzed in L1210 leukemia cells using analogues with chloroethylating or carbamoylating function only. Clonogenic assays showed that the chloroethylating-only agent 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-(2-chloroethyl)hydrazine (90CE) produced marked differential cytotoxicity against wild-type and O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase–transfected L1210 cells (LC10, 1.4 versus 31 μmol/L), indicating that a large portion of the cytotoxicity was due to alkylation of DNA at the O-6 position of guanine. Consistent with the concept that O-6 chloroethylation of DNA guanine progresses to interstrand cross-links, the comet assay, in which DNA cross-links were measured by a reduction in DNA migration induced by strand breaks, showed that cloretazine and 90CE, but not the carbamoylating-only agent 1,2-bis(methylsulfonyl)-1-[(methylamino)carbonyl]hydrazine (101MDCE), produced DNA cross-links and that cloretazine caused more DNA cross-links than 90CE at equimolar concentrations. Cell cycle analyses showed that 90CE and 101MDCE at concentrations of 5 and 80 μmol/L, respectively, produced similar degrees of G2-M arrest. 90CE produced selective inhibition of DNA synthesis after overnight incubation, whereas 101MDCE caused rapid and nonselective inhibition of RNA, DNA, and protein syntheses. Both 90CE and 101MDCE induced phosphorylation of histone H2AX, albeit with distinct kinetics. These results indicate that (a) differential expression of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase in tumor and host cells seems to be responsible for tumor selectivity exerted by cloretazine; (b) 101MDCE enhances DNA cross-linking activity; and (c) 90CE induces cell death at concentrations lower than those causing alterations in the cell cycle and macromolecular syntheses. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(4):969–76]
Molecular biomarkers: their increasing role in the diagnosis, characterization, and therapy guidance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jimeno Antonio , Hidalgo Manuel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe rapidly expanding knowledge of the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer at the molecular level is providing new targets for disease characterization, early diagnosis, and drug discovery and development. Gene mutation analysis has provided insight on the pathogenesis and progression from preinvasive lesions to invasive cancer. Gene and protein expression profiling has advanced our understanding of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma identifying genes that are highly expressed in pancreatic cancers, providing more insight into the clinicopathologic features of pancreatic cancer, and revealing novel features related to the process of tissue invasion by these tumors. The increasing knowledge of the pathway activation profile in pancreatic cancer is yielding new targets but also new markers to select patients and guide and predict therapy efficacy. The discovery of genetic factors of which the presence predisposes pancreatic cancer to successful targeting, such as the association of BRCA2/Fanconi anemia genes defects and sensitivity to mitomycin C, will eventually lead to a more individualized treatment approach. In summary, several decades of intensive research have originated multiple factors or biomarkers that are likely to be helpful in the diagnosis, characterization, and therapy selection of pancreatic cancer patients. A deep understanding of the relative relevance of each biomarker will be key to efficiently diagnose this disease and direct our patients towards the drugs more likely to be of benefit based on their particular profile. The development of new preclinical models is of paramount importance to achieve these goals. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(4):787–96]
p53-Independent Apoptosis Disrupts Early Organogenesis in Embryos Lacking Both Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated and Prkdc
Authors: Gladdy Rebecca A. , Nutter Lauryl M.J. , Kunath Tilo , Danska Jayne S. , Guidos Cynthia J. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein and the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway play crucial roles in sensing and repairing DNA double-strand breaks in postnatal cells. However, each pathway is dispensable for early embryogenesis. Loss of both ATM and Prkdc/Ku is synthetically lethal, but neither the developmental processes perturbed nor the mechanisms of lethality have been determined by previous reports. Here, we show that ATM and Prkdc collaborate to maintain genomic stability during gastrulation and early organogenesis, a period of rapid proliferation and hypersensitivity to DNA damage. At E7.5 to E8.5, ATM−/−Prkdcscid/scid embryos displayed normal proliferation indices but exhibited excessive apoptosis and elevated expression of Ser15-phosphorylated p53. Thus, this crucial regulatory residue of p53 can be phosphorylated in the absence of ATM or Prkdc. However, loss of p53 did not abrogate or delay embryonic lethality, revealing that apoptosis is p53 independent in these in ATM−/−Prkdcscid/scid embryos. Because mice with combined disruptions of ATM and other NHEJ components (ligase IV, Artemis) are viable, our data suggest a novel NHEJ-independent function for Prkdc/Ku that is required to complete early embryogenesis in the absence of ATM. (Mol Cancer Res 2006;4(5):311–8)