bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of Masai Barefoot Technology footwear on posture: an experimental designed study
Authors: New Paul , Pearce Julian 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction. This study was approved by the University of Southampton Ethics Committee. The aim of the study was to assess the anatomical changes to upright posture that occur in the sagittal plane as a result of wearing Masai Barefoot Technology (MBT) footwear during standing and walking. MBT claims that its innovative unstable shoes promote a more upright posture in which musculature is strengthened and joint wear reduced (Amann and Amann, 2004). This could be helpful in the management and prevention of conditions such as osteoarthritis and back pain. Method. Twelve students (six male and six female), aged between 18 and 40 years, at the University of Southampton participated in the study. Participants attended one session at a biomechanics laboratory. The kinematics of posture while wearing MBT shoes during standing and gait were examined, using a two‐dimensional motion analysis system, and compared to a control shoe. Statistical significance was tested by use of a paired t‐test and a Wilcoxon signed‐ranks test. Results. Students standing in MBT footwear demonstrated a statistically significant increase in plantar flexion at the ankle joint (p = 0.025; mean flexion 3.02°; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −5.6 to −0.4). Walking in MBT shoes showed a decrease in trunk flexion (p = 0.007; mean flexion 1.44°; 95% CI −2.4 to −0.4) and a reduction in anterior tilt of the pelvis (p = 0.003; mean tilt 3.20°; 95% CI −5.06 to −1.35) at heel strike. At toe‐off a significant reduction in anterior pelvic tilt (p = 0.035; mean tilt 2.35°; 95% CI) was found in the MBT shoes. There was no significant difference found between the two shoe conditions at mid‐stance, pelvic tilt (p = 0.53; mean tilt 1.83 degrees) trunk flexion (p = 0.05; mean flexion 0.95 deg). Conclusion. MBT footwear changes certain characteristics of posture in quiet standing and walking. These findings could have positive implications for the management of conditions such as osteoarthritis and back pain; however, further research is needed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scapular taping in the therapeutic management of sub‐acromial impingement symptoms — exploration of a clinical theory
Authors: Sparkes Valerie , Smith Michael , Busse Monica 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction. Altered scapular rotator muscle activity has been implicated in symptomatic shoulder dysfunction of a sub‐acromial impingement (SI) nature (Michener et al., 2003). Scapular taping is a clinical intervention frequently applied in an attempt to change activity of the upper fibres of trapezius (UFT) and lower fibres of trapezius (LFT). The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical theory that with scapular taping in situ, UFT activity would be inhibited, LFT facilitated, and accompanying symptomatic relief would occur. Ethical approval was granted by the School of Healthcare Studies Ethics Committee, Cardiff University and by the South East Wales Research Ethics Committee. Method. Twenty subjects who demonstrated SI symptoms on clinical testing were recruited. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure change in the muscle activity of UFT and LFT under ‘no tape’ and ‘with tape’ conditions. The test movement used was repeated humeral elevation in the scapular plane and the intervention was a commonly used scapular taping technique (McConnell, 1999). Within‐muscle differences between conditions were analysed using the related t‐test. Subjective data were collected regarding symptom response to taping. Results. There was a highly statistically significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the EMG activity of the UFT but no statistically significant change in LFT activity (p = 0.132) with taping in situ. Forty‐five per cent of subjects reported an improvement in their symptoms and/or a feeling of beneficial support for their shoulder when the tape was in place. However, 40% reported there being no effect experienced and 15% stated that the tape felt restrictive. Conclusions. This study provides support for the clinical theory that, in subjects with SI symptoms, UFT activity is inhibited in the presence of scapular taping. However, the study findings do not provide evidence of LFT facilitation. Limited support is provided for the theory that symptomatic relief accompanies changes in scapular rotator activity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitigating Hurricane storm surge perils at the DeLisle Plant
Authors: Harris Steven P. , Wilson Duane O. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHurricane Katrina in 2005 caused significant damage to many refineries, chemical plants, and other industrial and harbor facilities along the Gulf Coast causing catastrophic levels of damage. DuPont's DeLisle Plant in Pass Christian, MS, was one of many facilities impacted by this event. DuPont has in place significant operational measures to respond to hurricane events, and post‐Katrina has taken measures to mitigate the effects of possible future recurrences through the construction of a higher storm levee. DuPont DeLisle Plant's fast track project to provide a significantly greater level of storm surge protection as well as analyses undertaken to define the extent of the storm surge hazard and design the physical levee improvements are described. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2008
Comparison of deep level spectra in p‐type and n‐type GaN grown by molecular beam epitaxy [phys. stat. sol. (b) 244, No. 6, 1867–1871 (2007)]
Authors: Armstrong A. , Corrion A. , Poblenz C. , Mishra U. K. , Speck J. S. , Ringel S. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe following author has to be added to the list of authors in phys. stat. sol. (b) 244, 1867 (2007): A. Corrion, Department of Materials and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles study of phase transition of tin and lead under high pressure
Authors: Cui Shouxin , Cai Lingcang , Feng Wenxia , Hu Haiquan , Wang Changzheng , Wang Yuanxu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe phase transitions of Sn and Pb under high pressure are investigated theoretically using the first‐principles pseudopotential method. The calculated results show that for Sn the sequence of phase transitions is α‐Sn → β‐Sn → bct → bcc under high pressure while hcp‐Sn is not observed up to 200 GPa, which is in good agreement with experiments. In addition, for Pb the calculated results indicate that Pb can un‐ dergo two phase transitions under high pressure: one is the phase transition from fcc to the hcp structure at a pressure of 16 GPa and the other is the phase transition from hcp to the bcc structure at a pressure of 109 GPa. Furthermore, all the transition pressure and volume changes during the phase transformation are consistent with the experimental values. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles study of electronic structures of CdMoO4 crystal containing F‐type color centers
Authors: Wang Xi'en , Liu Tingyu , Zhang Qiren , Zhang Haiyan , Yin Jigang , Song Min , Guo Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe electronic structures of the CdMoO4 crystal containing F‐type color centers are studied within the framework of the fully relativistic self‐consistent Dirac–Slater theory, using a numerically discrete variation (DV‐Xα) method. It is concluded from the calculated results that the F and F+ color centers have donor energy levels in the band gap and the optical transition energies are 1.761 eV and 1.941 eV, which correspond to the 706 nm and 640 nm red absorption bands, respectively. So the CdMoO4 crystal should exhibit a blue‐green color. It is predicted that the 650–750 nm absorption bands and the bluish green color originate from the F and F+ color centers in the CdMoO4 crystal. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurement and analysis of vibration levels for truck transport in Spain as a function of payload, suspension and speed
Authors: Garcia‐Romeu‐Martinez Manuel‐Alfredo , Singh S. Paul , Cloquell‐Ballester Vicente‐Agustin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe vibration levels that occur during transportation in vehicles are complex and play a significant role in the level of damage experienced by products when shipped. In the past decade, technology has allowed packaging engineers to measure and analyse the vibration levels in commercial shipments. Recent studies have measured vibration in shipping environments on a global basis to allow packaging designers to develop packaging to meet worldwide distribution challenges. The purpose of this study was to measure and develop simulation methods for truck transport in Spain. The study quantifies vibration characteristics in trucks as a function of speed, payload and suspension type. The shipments were instrumented with vibration data recorders to measure the vibration levels and a global position system to measure the truck speed. The recorders were mounted at the rear and front location of the trailer. Two different trucks, one with leaf spring suspension and the other with air ride suspension were studied using two different load conditions. The road surface was asphalt. The data is presented in the form of power spectral density that can be used to program electrohydraulic vibration tables using ASTM, ISTA and ISO vibration test methods. Results showed that the air ride vibration levels were lower than that of leaf spring suspension trailers. Overall, the vibration intensity was lower for both types of truck as compared with the levels measured in North America, China, India and Southeast Asia. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) suspected as possible contaminant in recycled cellulose for take‐away pizza boxes
Authors: Bononi Monica , Tateo Fernando 
Published: November 2007

AbstractItalian law specifically requires the use of regenerated, rather than recycled, cellulose in the production of pizza boxes. We investigated the frequent failure to comply with this law: the identification and determination of phthalates, which have widespread use, contribute to the quality control of various food packaging materials.Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) has similar structural and application properties to di‐n‐butyl‐phthlate (DBP), and it is used as a substitute for DBP.We standardized an analytical method that allows the calculation of an ‘exposure index’ (EI) for DIBP in take‐away pizza boxes. The technique, which relies on Solid‐Phase Micro Extraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME/GC/MS), allows the definition of a large range of DIBP content in the headspace within various take‐away pizza boxes.Data concerning pizza boxes purchased in 16 restaurants in 2006 were reported, and the ‘EIs’ were estimated to range between 6 and 72 µg. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐temperature ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry applied to ibuprofen metabolites in human urine
Authors: Plumb Robert S. , Rainville Paul D. , Potts Warren B. , Castro‐Perez Jose M. , Johnson Kelly A. , Wilson Ian D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe application of sub‐2 µm porous particle liquid chromatography (LC) operated at elevated temperatures, coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MS), to the separation and identification of metabolites of ibuprofen present in human urine following oral administrations is illustrated. The LC/MS system generated a high‐resolution analytical separation that, with an analysis time of 20 min, provided a peak capacity in the order of ca. 350. Using this system a total of nine glucuronides of the drug and its metabolites were detected, including a number of isomeric acyl glucuronides of ibuprofen itself, a side‐chain‐oxidized carboxylic acid acyl glucuronide and a number of acyl glucuronides of various hydroxylated metabolites. The identities of the metabolites were confirmed by their accurate mass values and the presence of the common fragment ions from ibuprofen. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum protein profiling in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases using selective solid‐phase bulk extraction, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and chemometric data analysis
Authors: Nanni Paolo , Parisi Daniela , Roda Giulia , Casale Monica , Belluzzi Andrea , Roda Enrico , Mayer Lloyd , Roda Aldo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe identification of new biomarkers or a disease‐related protein fingerprint for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) represents a major task in the diagnosis, prognosis and pharmacological therapy. To address these issues, a simple and rapid analytical proteomic method for serum protein profiling based on selective beads‐based solid‐phase bulk extraction, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and chemometric data analysis was developed. Serum proteins from healthy subjects (22) and patients with Crohn's disease (15) and ulcerative colitis (26) were selectively extracted according to reversed‐phase (C18), strong anion‐exchange (SAX) and metal ion affinity (IDA‐Cu(II)) principles. This approach allowed enrichment of serum proteins/peptides due to the high interaction surface between analytes and the solid phase and high recovery due to the elution step performed directly on the MALDI‐target plate. The MALDI‐TOF MS serum protein profiles were acquired and, after a data pre‐processing step, analyzed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), a chemometric classification technique, in order to classify serum samples among healthy subjects and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Since the high number of variables in the MALDI spectra (more than 16000 m/z values) prevents the use of LDA, the variables were reduced to 10–20 by features selection, thus allowing the evaluation of a pattern of m/z values with high discriminant power. Serum protein profiles obtained by reversed‐phase extraction and the selection of 20 m/z values gave the best overall prediction ability (96.9%). The recognition of these m/z values may allow the identification of protein biomarkers involved in IBDs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The structural performance of monolithic intersecting walls in a tall reinforced concrete building
Authors: Moghaddam H. , Samadi M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractResults of the seismic performance assessment of a new structural system that has been used in a 54‐story reinforced concrete building are presented. The structure, which is still under construction, and has a ‘Y‐shape’ form, utilizes a special structural system that does not include any beams or columns. Instead, walls and slabs are used for carrying both gravitational and lateral loads. The general distinctions of the system are discussed. The structural efficiency of the system is compared with other conventional systems in some existing tall buildings. The seismic responses and dynamic behavior of the structure that were achieved by conducting various analyses are presented. The effects of analysis method, as well as some other parameters such as modeling assumptions and bidirectional earthquake excitation on the linear responses, are studied. The influence of the number of modes and design spectrum on the spectral analysis results is discussed. Using dynamic analysis, the real heightwise distribution of lateral loads occurring during an earthquake is presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing the ecoskyscraper: premises for tall building design
Authors: Yeang Ken , Powell Robert 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDesigning the ecoskyscraper involves configuring its built form and operational systems so that they integrate with nature in a benign and seamless way over its life cycle, by imitating the structure, processes and properties of ecosystems, an approach referred to here as ecomimesis. By biologically integrating compatibly all aspects and processes of our built environment with the natural environment, we enhance our human‐made ecosystems' abilities to sustain life in the biosphere. Part 1 discusses the theory and premises for the ecoskyscraper. Part 2 discusses exemplary projects from Ken Yeang's offices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency sharing hotspot communication under uplink multi‐carrier CDMA cellular system
Authors: Khoa Nguyen Tran , Fujii Takeo , Umebayashi Kenta , Kamiya Yukihiro , Suzuki Yasuo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn multi‐carrier CDMA cellular systems, hotspot communication can be established to support the high‐traffic areas by using the same frequency band of the original cellular systems. However, interference from the hotspots deteriorates the communication performance of the original cellular system. In this paper, in order to decrease the interference, we set up the access point (AP) of hotspots with the adaptive array antenna and code assignment method between the cellular and the hotspot communication is considered. In the proposed system, OFDM hotspot communication is overlapped to the uplink of MC/DS‐CDMA cellular system in the same frequency band and the beam‐forming method is applied to eliminate inter‐system interference. Moreover, by allocating orthogonal variable spreading factors (OVSF) code to the both hotspot users and cellular users in the hotspot uplink period, the orthogonality of each user is kept. As a result, we can embed many hotspots into the cellular system with very small interference toward the uplink communication of the cellular system and we can improve the throughput of total system. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by computer simulation under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading environment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Long‐Term Follow‐Up After Resection
Authors: Nagai Kazuyuki , Doi Ryuichiro , Kida Atsushi , Kami Kazuhiro , Kawaguchi Yoshiya , Ito Tatsuo , Sakurai Takaki , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundResection is recommended for main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas because of the high risk of malignancy, but the indications for resection of branch duct and mixed‐type IPMNs remain controversial. Our objective was to determine the appropriate management of IPMNs based on clinicopathologic characteristics and survival data obtained after resection.MethodsA total of 72 consecutive IPMN patients who underwent resection between January 1984 and June 2006 were reviewed. The lesions were classified as main duct, branch duct, or mixed‐type IPMNs and histologically graded as noninvasive (adenoma, borderline neoplasm, carcinoma in situ) or invasive.ResultsMain duct IPMNs (n = 15) were associated with a significantly worse prognosis than other subtypes. For branch duct (n = 49) and mixed‐type IPMNs (n = 8), the diameter of the cystic lesions was an independent predictor of malignancy by multivariate analysis. However, four patients with cysts <30 mm in diameter and no mural nodules had a malignancy. No patient with noninvasive IPMN died of this disease, showing excellent survival, whereas the 5‐year survival rate of patients with invasive IPMNs was only 57.6% and was significantly worse than that of patients with noninvasive IPMNs (p = 0.0002).ConclusionsResection of all main duct IPMNs seems to be reasonable. Invasive IPMNs were associated with significantly worse survival than noninvasive IPMNs. Although the diameter of cystic lesions was a predictor of malignancy for branch duct and mixed‐type IPMNs, precise preoperative identification of malignancy was difficult. Therefore, these lesions should be managed by aggressive resection before invasion occurs to improve survival.
CLIP Method (Preoperative CT Image‐assessed Ligation of Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery) Reduces Intraoperative Bleeding during Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Kawai Manabu , Tani Masaji , Ina Shinomi , Hirono Seiko , Nishioka Ryohei , Miyazawa Motoki , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Shimamoto Tetsuya , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundNo previous reports have prospectively discussed an operative approach to reducing intraoperative bleeding during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We have established the preoperative CT image‐assessed ligation of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA) method (CLIP), which uses a preoperative three‐dimensional computed tomographic (3D‐CT) image to precisely detect the IPDA root intraoperatively and ligates the IPDA before the pancreas head is isolated. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the new operative approach reduces intraoperative bleeding compared with classical PD.MethodBetween October 2003 and May 2005, classical PD was performed (n = 48), and from June 2005 to September 2006, PD with the CLIP method was prospectively performed (n = 48) at Wakayama Medical University Hospital. The perioperative status of the patients in the two groups, including intraoperative bleeding, was compared.ResultsMedian intraoperative bleeding in patients with the CLIP method was significantly reduced compared with classical PD (867 ml versus 728 ml; p = 0.026). Moreover, operative time, red blood cell transfusion (units), and red blood cell transfusion in patients with the CLIP method were significantly reduced compared with classical PD (p = 0.033, 0.042, 0.014, respectively). There were no differences in length from the SMA to the IPDA root when the preoperative measurement by 3D‐CT image (37.9 ± 8.9 mm) and the intraoperative findings (38.0 ± 8.8 mm) were compared (p = 0.6283).ConclusionsThe CLIP method is a useful and reliable operative technique for reducing intraoperative bleeding in PD.
Long‐term Outcome after Isolated Endarterectomy of the Femoral Bifurcation
Authors: Kechagias Aristotelis , Ylönen Kari , Biancari Fausto 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term outcome after endarterectomy of the femoral bifurcation has not been widely investigated, and the aim of this study was to assess its late results from a community‐wide perspective.Patients and MethodsBetween 1983 and 2006 111 isolated endarterectomies of the common femoral artery and/or the proximal part of the superficial femoral artery or profunda femoris were performed in 90 patients at the Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. A total of 77 limbs were treated surgically for claudication and 34 others for critical limb ischemia. Angiographic findings of 100 extremities were evaluated.ResultsThe in‐hospital mortality rate was 1.8%. The mean follow‐up period was 5.9 years. At 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year follow‐up the overall survival was 60.5%, 32.7%, and 17.6%, respectively (S.E < 0.05). A C‐reactive protein value ≥ 10 mg/l was predictive of poor late survival (p = 0.008). Limb salvage rates after isolated femoral endarterectomy at 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year follow‐up were 93.7%, 93.7%, and 85.2%, respectively (S.E. < 0.08). Critical limb ischemia (p = 0.006) and current smoking (p = 0.027) were independent predictors of major lower limb amputation. A total of 41 limbs were subjected to ipsilateral vascular procedures after femoral endarterectomy, only one of which was re‐endarterectomy. Freedom from any ipsilateral revascularization procedure at 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year follow‐up was calculated at 68.0%, 50.6%, and 42.5%, respectively (S.E. < 0.08). The overall linearized rate of reintervention on the ipsilateral limb was 0.16 ± 0.44/year. The linearized rate among patients who had any ipsilateral vascular reintervention was 0.43 ± 0.66/year.ConclusionsIsolated femoral endarterectomy is a rather low‐risk and durable procedure. However, a significant number of reinterventions distal or proximal to the endarterectomized site can be expected in one third of patients.