bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENSO history recorded in Agathis australis (kauri) tree rings. Part A: kauri's potential as an ENSO proxy
Authors: Fowler A. M. , Boswijk G. , Gergis J. , Lorrey A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAlthough many of the main characteristics of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon have been established, uncertainties remain concerning its multidecadal‐ to millennial‐scale evolution. Because of the shortness of the instrumental record, we need to resort to proxy‐based reconstructions to investigate ENSO's history prior to the mid 19th century, but the available proxy data is limited in both time and space. Here we investigate the potential for ENSO reconstruction from the tree rings of Agathis australis (kauri). Kauri is a long‐lived endemic New Zealand conifer and grows in an ENSO teleconnection region not previously represented in ENSO multi‐proxy studies. A high quality 423 year kauri regional master chronology (AD 1580–2002) is constructed. Statistical analysis of the period AD 1876–2002 confirms previous findings that kauri tree rings carry a strong regional‐scale climate signal and that ENSO is a significant contributor (predominantly via the western pole of the Southern Oscillation). Kauri carries a signal of both ENSO phases, but with a slight El Niño bias. Growth sensitivity is primarily registered through a five‐season window, extending from March (prior to growth initiation in September) through to the following May, with strongest relationships across the middle three seasons (June–February). Relationships appear to be stationary. We conclude that kauri has sufficient ENSO event capture skill to make it a useful addition to future multi‐proxy ENSO reconstruction efforts. It may also have potential for stand‐alone reconstruction of multidecadal‐ to millennial‐scale evolution of ENSO activity, especially ENSO robustness. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Anti‐inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of nutraceuticals from Sasha's Blend in a cartilage explant model of inflammation
Authors: Pearson Wendy , Orth Michael W. , Karrow Niel A. , MacLusky Neil J. , Lindinger Michael I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNew Zealand green lipped mussel (NZGLM), abalone (AB), and shark cartilage (SC) are extensively used for treatment of and/or as preventatives for arthritis, despite a relative paucity of scientific evidence for efficacy. This research integrated a simulated digestion protocol with ultrafiltration and cartilage explants to generate new information on the anti‐inflammatory and chondroprotective properties of NZGLM, SC, and AB. Each nutraceutical was artificially digested using simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, and the crude digest was ultrafiltered (50 kDa). Each filtrate was applied individually to cartilage explants before the explants were stimulated with IL‐1 to induce an acute inflammatory response. Media were collected daily for 48 h and analyzed for prostaglandin E2(PGE2), glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and nitric oxide (NO), and cartilage tissue was differentially stained to determine the relative proportion of live and dead cells. SC and NZGLM significantly inhibited IL‐1‐induced PGE2synthesis and IL‐1‐induced GAG release, and AB was an effective inhibitor of IL‐1‐induced NO production. The three test nutraceuticals affect at least three major pathways involved in the catabolic cycle of arthritis and may prove important treatments and/or preventatives for the pain and degradation associated with this condition. The methodology and results describe a useful model for evaluating dietary nutraceuticalsin vitro.
Structural determination of kochiosides A–C, new steroidal glucosides from Kochia prostrata, by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Ahmed Ejaz , Malik Abdul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractKochiosides A–C, three new steroidal glucosides, have been isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Kochia prostrata and their structures assigned from its 1H and 13C NMR spectra, DEPT and by 2D COSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation and complete NMR spectral assignments of three new lanostanoid triterpenes with unprecedented Δ16, 17 double bond from Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Guan Shu‐Hong , Yang Min , Wang Xiao‐Ming , Xia Jia‐Meng , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Liu Xuan , Guo De‐An 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThree new lanostanoid triterpenes named 3β,7β‐di‐ hydroxy‐11,15,23‐trioxo‐lanost‐8,16‐dien‐26‐oic acid (1), 3β,7β‐dihydroxy‐11,15,23‐trioxo‐lanost‐8,16‐dien‐26‐oic acid methyl ester (2), and 12β‐acetoxy‐3β,7β‐dihydroxy‐11,15,23‐trioxo‐lanost‐8,16‐dien‐26‐oic acid (3) were isolated from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. They all show a Δ16, 17 double bond unprecedented in such types of lanostanoid triterpenes possessing the side chain at C‐17. The complete NMR assignments for these compounds were carried out using 1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY NMR experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectral data of nine surfactin isomers
Authors: Tang Jin‐Shan , Gao Hao , Hong Kui , Yu Yang , Jiang Miao‐Miao , Lin Hai‐Peng , Ye Wen‐Cai , Yao Xin‐Sheng 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new surfactin isomer (1) was isolated from a mangrove bacteria strain ‘Bacillus sp’. Its structure was identified, and full assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectral data were achieved for the first time by a combination of mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D NMR experiments including DEPT, 1H1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, TOCSY, ROESY, and HSQC‐TOCSY. The NMR spectral data of eight known analogs (2–9) are also reported. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An increase in DNA double‐strand breaks, induced by Ku70 depletion, is associated with human papillomavirus 16 episome loss and de novo viral integration events
Authors: Winder DM , Pett MR , Foster N , Shivji MKK , Herdman MT , Stanley MA , Venkitaraman AR , Coleman N 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntegration of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is a common event in cervical carcinogenesis, although mechanisms of integration are poorly understood. We have tested the hypothesis that an increased number of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) affect HPV16 episome maintenance and integration in cervical keratinocytes. Increased DSBs were generated over prolonged periods of up to 50 population doublings in the unique polyclonal cervical keratinocyte cell line W12, which stably maintains HPV16 episomes. This was achieved using repeated treatments with short interfering RNA to obtain sustained depletion of Ku70, a key mediator of DNA non‐homologous end joining. An increase in DSBs was seen shortly after commencement of Ku70 depletion. Continuous depletion was reproducibly associated with loss of HPV16 episomes and also with a new viral integration event, which was rapidly selected in outgrowing W12 cells. Despite the prolonged presence of DSBs, high‐level chromosomal instability (detected by marked changes in genomic copy number) was not observed until cells containing the new integrant were almost fully selected, with no evidence of such chromosomal instability prior to integration. Our data show that increased DNA DSBs are associated with HPV16 episomal loss and integration in cervical keratinocytes. We found no evidence to support the notion that major chromosomal instability precedes HPV16 integration, although such instability is an important consequence of the integration event. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A la carte proteomics with an emphasis on gel‐free techniques
Authors: Gevaert Kris , Van Damme Petra , Ghesquière Bart , Impens Francis , Martens Lennart , Helsens Kenny , Vandekerckhove Joël 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSince the introduction of the proteome term somewhat more than a decade ago the field of proteomics witnessed a rapid growth mainly fueled by instrumental analytical improvements. Of particular notice is the advent of a diverse set of gel‐free proteomics techniques. In this review, we discuss several of these gel‐free techniques both for monitoring protein concentration changes and protein modifications, in particular protein phosphorylation, glycosylation, and protein processing. Furthermore, different approaches for (multiplexed) gel‐free proteome analysis are discussed.
Protein abundance ratios for global studies of prokaryotes
Authors: Xia Qiangwei , Hendrickson Erik L. , Wang Tiansong , Lamont Richard J. , Leigh John A. , Hackett Murray 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe use of multidimensional capillary HPLC combined with MS/MS has allowed high qualitative and quantitative proteome coverage of prokaryotic organisms. The determination of protein abundance change between two or more conditions has matured to the point that false discovery rates can be very low and for smaller proteomes coverage is sufficiently high to explicitly consider false negative error. Selected aspects of using these methods for global protein abundance assessments are reviewed. These include instrumental issues that influence the reliability of abundance ratios; a comparison of sources of nonlinearity, errors, and data compression in proteomics and spotted cDNA arrays; strengths and weaknesses of spectral counting versus stable isotope metabolic labeling; and a survey of microbiological applications of global abundance analysis at the protein level. Proteomic results for two organisms that have been studied extensively using these methods are reviewed in greater detail. Spectral counting and metabolic labeling data are compared and the utility of proteomics for global gene regulation studies are discussed for the methanogenic Archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis. The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is discussed as an example of an organism where a large percentage of the proteome differs in relative abundance between the intracellular and extracellular phenotype.
Advanced Geometrical Modeling of Focused Beam Reflectance Measurements (FBRM)
Authors: Kail Norbert , Briesen Heiko , Marquardt Wolfgang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn the past decade the use of focused beam reflectance measurements (FBRM) has been established as an on line and in situ particle characterization technique. However, a model is required to obtain full information from the FBRM signal and to compare the results to other measurement techniques. Different modeling approaches can be found in the literature. All of these assume a laser focus of zero extension, motionless particles and fully opaque particles. It is shown in this work that these assumptions do not hold even for ideally spherical particles. For large, opaque particles, the particle velocity and a depth dependent laser velocity have to be considered. For highly transparent particles, backscattering only occurs near the edges of a crystal. Consequently, two more refined modeling approaches – the velocity model and the edge scattering model – based on Monte‐Carlo techniques are developed and verified in this work.
An NMA‐guided path planning approach for computing large‐amplitude conformational changes in proteins
Authors: Kirillova Svetlana , Cortés Juan , Stefaniu Alin , Siméon Thierry 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a new method for computing macromolecular motions based on the combination of path planning algorithms, originating from robotics research, and elastic network normal mode analysis. The low‐frequency normal modes are regarded as the collective degrees of freedom of the molecule. Geometric path planning algorithms are used to explore these collective degrees of freedom in order to find possible large‐amplitude conformational changes. To overcome the limits of the harmonic approximation, which is valid in the vicinity of the minimum energy structure, and to get larger conformational changes, normal mode calculations are iterated during the exploration. Initial results show the efficiency of our method, which requires a small number of normal mode calculations to compute large‐amplitude conformational transitions in proteins. A detailed analysis is presented for the computed transition between the open and closed structures of adenylate kinase. This transition, important for its biological function, involves large‐amplitude domain motions. The obtained motion correlates well with results presented in related works. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Special Issue: Frontiers in Molecular‐Beam Epitaxy toward Novel Devices
Authors: Grahn Holger T. , Koch Reinhold , Trampert Achim 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis special issue of physica status solidi (b) entitled “Frontiers in Molecular‐Beam Epitaxy toward Novel Devices” with 27 contributions from leading semiconductor scientists has been prepared to honor Klaus H. Ploog, Paul Drude Institute for Solid State Electronics Berlin, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.The cover picture shows an azimuthal reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) scan of a 6.5 monolayer thick MnAs film on GaAs [1] overlaid on a GaAs wafer. The diffraction pattern is a cut through the reciprocal lattice of the epitaxial MnAs film, reflecting the hexagonal structure of MnAs. The growth of MnAs by molecular‐beam epitaxy and its structural and magnetic properties have been extensively studied under Klaus Ploog's directorship of the Paul Drude Institute. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal combination of wind power forecasts
Authors: Nielsen Henrik Aa. , Nielsen Torben S. , Madsen Henrik , Pindado Maria J. San Isidro , Marti Ignacio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe consider wind power forecasts based on a number of different meteorological forecasts originating from three different global meteorological models. Wind power forecasts based on these meteorological forecasts have fairly similar performance. However, in the paper, we show that the wind power forecast errors are relatively uncorrelated. For this reason, we can combine the forecasts and obtain a final forecast which performs better than any of the individual forecasts. Optimal weights are found based on the bias of the individual forecasts and the variance–covariance matrix of the individual forecast errors. In the paper, we show that quite significant improvements can be obtained using only a few different meteorological forecasts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term follow‐up study of patients with phenylketonuria detected by the newborn screening programme in Japan
Authors: Aoki K. , Ohwada M. , Kitagawa T. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe objective of this report is to determine the need for and value of the long‐term follow‐up study of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients detected by newborn screening (NBS) in Japan. NBS was started in 1977 and the nationwide follow‐up study of the identified patients was introduced into the NBS system. Outcome data from the continuous follow‐up study showed in 1993 that IQ of PKU patients was inversely correlated with blood phenylalanine levels. Accordingly, in 1995, new treatment guidelines were issued that involved more stringent restriction of phenylalanine levels. Follow‐up data confirmed that mean blood phenylalanine levels decreased after the introduction of the new guidelines, which included the recommendation to start dietary treatment within 20 days postpartum. Follow‐up data also confirmed that dietary treatment did in fact commence earlier after the guidelines were issued. The need for lifelong dietary treatment is a difficult issue and the number of patients who stop dietary treatment was found to increase gradually with age. At present 60% of PKU patients born between 1977 and 1981 have stopped their dietary restriction of phenylalanine. The data gained from NBS and the long‐term follow‐up study were found to be valuable for the improvement of blood phenylalanine levels for patients with PKU, indicating the need for parties responsible for NBS and the follow‐up study of the identified patients to work cooperatively. Further, the evaluations of the effectiveness of the two initiatives as well as the treatment guidelines issued should be based on outcome data, which depend on the continuation of the follow‐up study of patients with PKU.
Use of functional foods among Swedish consumers is related to health-consciousness and perceived effect
Authors: Landström Eva , Koivisto Hursti Ulla-Kaisa , Becker Wulf , Magnusson Maria 
Published: July 2007

The aim of the present study was to survey attitudes to and use of functional foods and to investigate which demographic variables and attitudes to diet and health predict consumption of functional foods among Swedish consumers. A questionnaire was developed and sent to 2000 randomly selected Swedish citizens aged between 17 and 75 years. A total of 972 (48 %) responded, 53 % were female and 44 % male. Mean age was 45 years. The results revealed that 84 % of respondents were familiar with the concept of functional foods; 83 % had consumed/purchased at least one of the seven functional food products presented in the questionnaire. Of those who had consumed a functional food, 25 % had perceived effect of it. Positive correlations were seen between consumers perceiving a personal reward from eating functional foods, having an interest in natural products and an interest in general health. Consumption/purchase of functional foods was related to beliefs in the effects of the products, having consumed nutraceuticals or dietary supplements, having a diet-related problem personally or in the family, and a high level of education. The characteristic Swedish functional food consumer has a high level of education, is health-conscious and interested in healthy foods and believes in the health effect of functional foods. Thus, factors other than demographics better explain consumption of FF. However, the study population may represent a more health-conscious segment of the Swedish population in general. Additional studies are therefore required to elucidate the attitudes and use of FF in different consumer groups.
RURAL–URBAN MIGRATION AND CHILD SURVIVAL IN URBAN BANGLADESH: ARE THE URBAN MIGRANTS AND POOR DISADVANTAGED?
Authors: ISLAM M. MAZHARUL , AZAD KAZI MD ABUL KALAM 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThis paper analyses the levels and trends of childhood mortality in urban Bangladesh, and examines whether children’s survival chances are poorer among the urban migrants and urban poor. It also examines the determinants of child survival in urban Bangladesh. Data come from the 1999–2000 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The results indicate that, although the indices of infant and child mortality are consistently better in urban areas, the urban–rural differentials in childhood mortality have diminished in recent years. The study identifies two distinct child morality regimes in urban Bangladesh: one for urban natives and one for rural–urban migrants. Under-five mortality is higher among children born to urban migrants compared with children born to life-long urban natives (102 and 62 per 1000 live births, respectively). The migrant–native mortality differentials more-or-less correspond with the differences in socioeconomic status. Like childhood mortality rates, rural–urban migrants seem to be moderately disadvantaged by economic status compared with their urban native counterparts. Within the urban areas, the child survival status is even worse among the migrant poor than among the average urban poor, especially recent migrants. This poor–non-poor differential in childhood mortality is higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The study findings indicate that rapid growth of the urban population in recent years due to rural-to-urban migration, coupled with higher risk of mortality among migrant’s children, may be considered as one of the major explanations for slower decline in under-five mortality in urban Bangladesh, thus diminishing urban–rural differentials in childhood mortality in Bangladesh. The study demonstrates that housing conditions and access to safe drinking water and hygienic toilet facilities are the most critical determinants of child survival in urban areas, even after controlling for migration status. The findings of the study may have important policy implications for urban planning, highlighting the need to target migrant groups and the urban poor within urban areas in the provision of health care services.
The occurrence of severe infections with Rhabditis axei in AIDS patients in Iran
Authors: Meamar A.R. , Kia E.B. , Zahabiun F. , Jafari-mehr A. , Moghadam A. , Sadjjadi S.M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDuring an investigation on strongyloidiasis in AIDS patients from Iran, direct smears of stools revealed many eggs and larvae of Rhabditis axei, which were subcultured to confirm identification.
Familial carotid body tumours: is there a role for genetic screening?
Authors: Jani P , Qureshi A A , Verma S , Walker L 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:Carotid body tumours are rare lesions which are familial in 10 per cent of cases. In this paper, we demonstrate the clinical applicability of predictive genetic testing for familial carotid body tumours.Methods:We report a case manifesting with multiple carotid body tumours, in which subsequent genetic testing demonstrated a germline mutation which could be traced across generations. We review the diagnosis and management of carotid body tumours in the familial setting, together with the strategies presently available to screen individuals from susceptible families.Conclusions:The recent advent of a predictive genetic test for familial carotid body tumours offers a novel means of pre-selecting those at risk, so as to minimise screening costs and patient morbidity. Early diagnosis of lesions is essential to allow early intervention, reducing surgical morbidity and progression to malignancy.
Cysticercosis of the oral cavity: an often misdiagnosed entity
Authors: Subramanian B , Krishnaraj S , Agrawal K , Soundararagavan J 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe present a case report of a single lesion of cysticercosis cellulosae, a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), presenting as a soft tissue swelling of the lower lip. We stress the importance of knowledge about oral manifestations of parasitic infections.
An aberrant internal carotid artery in the temporal bone presenting as a middle-ear mass: a case report
Authors: Eryilmaz A , Dagli M , Cayonu M , Dursun E , Gocer C 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:To draw attention to the possibility of an aberrant internal carotid artery behind an intact tympanic membrane presenting as a middle-ear mass.Case:A 48-year-old female patient presented with a hearing impairment in her right ear that had started 10 years ago. Otoscopic examination revealed a retro-tympanic mass. A high resolution computed tomography scan of the temporal bone was performed that showed protrusion of the internal carotid artery into the middle ear. Magnetic resonance angiography provided excellent visualisation of the internal carotid artery. Finally, a diagnosis of an aberrant internal carotid artery was made and the patient was evaluated with a conservative approach.Conclusion:All retro-tympanic masses should ideally be visualised with a computed tomography scan of the temporal bone before any middle-ear surgery, such as tympanotomy and biopsy, and it is essential for every otologist who undertakes myringotomy and middle-ear surgery to know about this rare entity.
Llimonaea sorediata, a new lichen (Ascomycota), widely distributed in western Europe
Authors: van den BOOM P. P. G. , BRAND A. M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:The first sorediate species in the genus Llimonaea, L. sorediata is described from coastal areas of western Europe. This new species is easily mistaken for Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata with which it often co-occurs. It grows on vertical or overhanging acidic cliffs. Fertile specimens were recently collected in Portugal. A description of the species together with notes on distribution, ecology and chemistry are provided and a key to the species of Llimonaea is also provided.