bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computerised Tomography in Tuberculous Addison's Disease – A Case Report
Authors: PERRY M. C. , EASON R. J. , CROXSON M. S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe demonstration that Addison's disease has a tuberculous aetiology has important therapeutic implications. While conventional radiographic methods of demonstrating this disease are often unhelpful, computerised tomography is an excellent technique for demonstrating the morphology of normal and abnormal adrenal glands. This report describes the important contribution computerised tomography played in the diagnosis of a case of tuberculous Addison's disease.
Multifocal, Chronic, Nonstaphylococcal Osteomyelitis in Children (Report of Four Cases – Aspergillosis, Klebsiella, Tuberculosis
Authors: DIARD F. , KOZLOWSKI K. , MASEL J. , MARC J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFour cases of multifocal, non‐staphylococcal osteomyelitis are reported. The organisms recovered were aspergillus and serratia in one patient and Klebsiella in two patients. In the fourth patient no organisms were recovered but the diagnosis of tuberculosis was established on the bases of radiographic, clinical and laboratory data and a therapeutic test.A non‐staphylococcal aetiology should be suspected in all cases of osteomyelitis with unusual radiographic appearances.
Omphalocele, Hernia of the Umbilical Cord and Gastroschisis
Authors: VERCO P. W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYDuring the four years previous to 1983, seven foetuses with hernia into the umbilical cord, omphalocele or gastroschisis were encountered.It is not considered possible to distinguish between minor omphalocele and hernia into the umbilical cord using high resolution ultrasound equipment, nor is it necessary, because of the good prognosis and low incidence of associated malformations.Conversely, omphalocele major tends to occur in the epigastric and hypogastric regions, and has a high incidence of associated malformations, with a poor prognosis, and may be difficult to recognise.
Successful Surgical Treatment of Malignant Hypertension due to Metastatic Seminoma
Authors: KEARSLEY J. H. , WAUGH R. , DONOVAN J. K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a 39 year old man with recent onset of malignant hypertension due to renal artery compression by seminoma. The only testicular abnormality was a small area of scar tissue, which may have represented spontaneous primary tumour regression. Tumour excision and nephrectomy returned the patient's blood pressure to normal limits.
A Review of Low Intensity Bioeffects and Their Relation to B‐Mode Ultrasonic Imaging
Authors: BARNETT S. B. , KOSSOFF G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTReports of biological effects following insona tion with B‐mode equipment are compared anc put into perspective with respect to the dosage employed in diagnostic ultrasound examinations Cellular changes have been observed in vitro following irradiation with diagnostic intensities but where the duration of insonation of a fixed tissue target was extended. A small increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was reported after insonation for 7.5 minutes with a stationary real time transducer. In B‐mode imaging the transducer scans the examined tissue and an equivalent single point exposure would be achieved by repeating 560 simple scans of the same plane. In similar studies by the authors this bioeffect occurred only at greatly increased total energy exposure, resulting from an increase in both the energy content within each pulse and the duration of insonation of a fixed target. Further research is required to determine whether the dosage relationship is linear producing the same effect if a constant total amount of energy is distributed in a varying time relationship.
The Role of Computed Tomography in the Management of Pineal Area Tumors
Authors: ABU‐YOUSEF MONZER , HITCHON PATRICK J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTEleven patients with pathology‐proven pineal area tumors were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) before and after treatment. There were 3 germinomas, 3 gliomas, 2 metastases, and 1 each of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, epidermoid tumor, and neuroblastoma. An accurate CT diagnosis was made in 9 of the 11 cases (82%). Although CT findings are not pathognomonic, an accurate diagnosis is possible in most cases if the CT information is combined with the age, sex, clinical findings, and, in some patients, tumor response to irradiation. CT, a noninvasive procedure, can help in evaluating the effects of various treatment modalities on pineal tumors.
Comparison of Blood‐Brain Barrier Disruption in the Rabbit Following Intracarotid Iopamidol and Methylglueamine Iothalamate
Authors: WYCHERLEY ALLAN G. , WILCOX JOHN , SAGE MICHAEL R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper compares the effect of intracarotid injections of non‐ionic iopatnidol, and ionic methylglucamine iothaiamate (Conray 280), a commonly used angiographic agent. Both compounds were injected at a concentration of 280mgl/ml in rabbits. A series of studies was also performed in which the intracarotid injection was physiological saline. Control studies received no intracarotid injection.Disruption of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) was assessed both qualitatively by Evans' Blue staining and quantitatively by comparing the uptake of 99m‐pertechnetate in the injected hemisphere with that of the non‐injected control hemisphere. These differences were expressed as a ratio of cpm/ml blood to cpm/gm brain tissue.It was found that Evans' Blue staining, although variable, occurred in every study with methylglucamine iothaiamate whereas slight staining occurred in only one of the iopamidol studies. No staining was seen in studies with physiological saline or control studies.Mean quantitative results for each series of studies were compared by Student's t‐test. It was found that methylglucamine iothaiamate caused significantly more BBB breakdown than iopamidol (p < 0.01).
Persistent Trigeminal Artery and Multiple Aneurysms:Case Report
Authors: TRAN–DINH HOANG , MOWAT PAUL , JAYASINGH LACKMAN S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA rare case of persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) associated with multiple intracranial aneurysms is reported. The PTA is located on the right side and the aneurysms are on the left: one arising from the internal carotid artery, the other from the anterior communicating artery.
Erdheim‐Chester Disease with Bilateral Exophthalmus and Liver Cell Adenoma
Authors: PALMER F.J. , TALLEY N.J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA patient with radiological and histological features of Erdheim‐Chester disease is described. The typical bone changes are present together with congenital megacalyces, retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma and interstitial pulmonary infiltration; all of which have previously been associated with this disorder. In addition the patient had bilateral exophthalmos and a liver cell adenoma.
Degenerative Diseases of the Spine
Authors: KERR ROGER , RESNICK DONALD 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe spine may be involved by a variety of degenerative processes which demonstrate characteristic radiographic manifestations. Intervertebral osteochondrosis is associated with “vacuum” phenomena, disk space narrowing and vertebral sclerosis; spondylosis deformans is associated with osteophytosis; osteoarthritis manifests as joint space narrowing, bony sclerosis and hypertrophy, and rarely osseous fusion; ligamentous degeneration may be associated with calcification and ossification. Although any one degenerative process may exist as an isolated phenomenon, these processes often coexist; degenerative change or altered stress at one articulation of the spine frequently produces abnormal stress and associated degenerative changes at an adjacent articulation.DISH and OPLL are disorders of uncertain etiology characterized by ligamentous calcification or ossification; in addition, DISH shares many features with spondylosis deformans. An ossifying diathesis or bone‐forming tendency appears to underlie both of these disorders.Complications which may accompany degenerative diseases of the spine include abnormalities of vertebral alignment, intervertebral discal protrusions, and spinal stenosis.
Supine Pneumothoraces in Adults
Authors: GIUFFRE BRUNO 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPneumothoraces in supine patients may be evidenced by many signs – some specific, if uncommon. Occasionally, the normal distribution of intrapleural air is altered. Confirmatory views may be necessary and the supine oblique is an underused but useful film.ABSTRACTThe radiological signs of a supine pneumothorax, the factors modifying these signs and useful confirmatory views are presented. Common signs include lower zone lucency, a deep lateral sulcus, a visible anterior costophrenic sulcus and paramediastinal or paradiaphrag‐matic air. Specific but uncommon signs are interlobar air and a change in appearance of epicardial fat pads. The signs may be modified – especially by pleural adhesions. An oblique beam view with the patient supine may be very useful to confirm a pneumothorax.
Marginal Artery of Drummond in Aorto‐arteritis
Authors: GUPTA S. K. , AGRAWAL A. K. , SHARMA O. P. , SRIVASTAVA ARVIND 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEight cases of aorto‐arteritis with narrowing of the abdominal aorta showed a marginal artery of Drummond on aortography. There was no case with clinical evidence of abdominal angina. In six cases there was occlusion or narrowing of the superior mesenteric artery with flow of blood in the marginal artery from the inferior to the superior mesenteric artery and these patients also had hypertension resulting from involvement of renal artery/arteries. The other two patients with involvement of the inferior mesenteric artery, showed the marginal artery being filled from the superior mesenteric artery and were normotensive since there was no renal artery involvement. There were only four patients in whom the aortic arch or its branches were also involved. Two patients had evidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Measurement of Proptosis (Exophthalmos) by Computerised Tomography
Authors: GIBSON ROBIN D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAs computerised tomography is now accepted as a method of choice for the investigation of suspected orbital masses, measurement of the degree of proptosis (exophthalmos) should be useful in assessing response to therapy.Review of a number of orbital CT scans (GE 8800) revealed that both scanning and measuring techniques must be standardised to obtain consistent results.The following requirements must be met:The plane of the scan must be parallel to the plane passing through the optic nerve head and lens, i.e. 15 degrees cephalad to the orbitmeatal line.The eyelids must be open, with the patient looking straight ahead.Window levels must be set appropriately when the measurements are made, i.e. +500 HU for the corneal surfaces.A line between the bony lateral orbital margins is drawn on the slice containing the optic nerve head and lens, and the distance of the cornea in front of this line is measured.When the radiographic criteria are met, proptosis can be measured with accuracy of 0.8 mm.
Case Report: Gastroepiploic Artery Pseudoaneurysm as a Cause of Abdominal Apoplexy. Role of CT Scanning
Authors: LAVOIPIERRE ALAIN M. , VELLAR IVO D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbdominal apoplexy can be a difficult condition to diagnose prior to surgery. A case is reported where intra‐abdominal bleeding resulting from a gastroepiploic artery pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed prior to operative intervention with CT Scanning including dynamic studies. The authors believe that this method of imaging does have a place in the diagnosis of suspected intra‐abdominal bleeding, and the condition and the place of CT Scanning in this instance are briefly reviewed.
The Mirizzi Syndrome: A Cause of Common Bile Duct Obstruction
Authors: PALMER F. J. , GOLDIN G. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMirizzi's syndrome is the compression of the common bile duct or common hepatic duct by calculi still within the cystic duct or gallbladder neck. Anatomical factors are of prime aetiological significance in the former and the calculus size in the latter.Diagnosis is difficult clinically and at operation and oral or intravenous cholangiography is seldom helpful. Direct cholangiography with P.T.C., E.R.C.P. or operative cholangiography usually allows the diagnosis to be established if the existence of this pathological entity is appreciated and born in mind.This paper demonstrates six examples seen within the past two years and it would appear, therefore, not to be uncommon and a diagnosis that radiologists should be aware off and able to establish with cholangiographic techniques and in some cases, possibly, with diagnostic ultrasound.
Efficacy of Trauma X‐Rays
Authors: GULLIVER DAVID J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA prospective survey of trauma x‐rays showed that young adults were over‐investigated radio‐logically when compared to patients at the extremes of age. Skull, spinal and chest X‐rays revealed few fractures. Cost and yield analysis indicate that a significant decrease in the number of X‐rays ordered is both desirable and feasible.
Echocardiography Diagnosis of Cardiac Tumours –Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne Experience, 1979–1983.
Authors: MENAHEM SAMUEL , RAWSON PETA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSix cardiac tumours have been detected over the preceding five year period and are reviewed. There were four left ventricular rhabdomyomas, one right ventricular myxoma and one intra‐pericardial teratoma with a malignant yolk sac component.One patient known to have tuberous sclerosis died at home and at autopsy was discovered to have multiple left and right ventricular rhabdomyomas. The second infant had the diagnosis of a broad‐based left ventricular rhabdomyoma made on the basis of the left ventricular angiogram, has mild to moderate left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and has been treated conservatively for three and a half years. Two remaining infants with left ventricular rhabdomyomas had severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and underwent emergency excision. The infant with the right ventricular myxoma had severe right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The infant with the intra‐pericardial teratoma was moribund with cardiac compression. These two also underwent emergency excision. All four surgical cases are alive and well six months to five years after surgery.Echocardiography has played an increasing. important role both in the diagnosis and subsequent follow‐up of these patients.
Renal Oncocytoma
Authors: GIUFFRE BRUNO M. , GULLIVER DAVID J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSeven cases of renal oncocytoma are reported. Angiography may be suggestive. Percutaneous biopsy is not recommended. In certain situations, partial nephrectomy may be possible. Pathological assessment of the whole tumour is essential for confident diagnosis.ABSTRACTOncocytomas are benign renal tumours, difficult to differentiate from Grawitz tumours. Seven cases are presented and the clinical and radiological features are reviewed. The angiographic features are occasionally helpful but are nonspecific. Percutaneous biopsy may be misleading. In certain situations partial nephrectomy is possible.
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Presenting with Venous Obstruction: A Phlebographic and Computed Tomography Study
Authors: POSNIAK H. V. , THOMAS M. LEA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwo patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis whose initial presentation was with leg swelling are described. The findings on phlebography and computed tomography are described and the value of these two investigations discussed.
The Role of Computed Tomography and Other Imaging Modalities in Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: RICKARD M. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn view of the critical value of the staging of malignant lymphomas, accurate imaging of disease extent is of great importance. This accuracy can be achieved using CT scanning as the primary imaging modality, supplemented by additional imaging tests as necessary. LAG is advised only if the CT scan of the abdomen is normal. US is not recommended for routine staging because of the serious technical limitations imposed by bowel gas, especially in the pelvis. Gallium 67 citrate scanning may be useful in monitoring disease progress but its value here is not clearly defined. This area of residual disease activity may prove to be better assessed by aspiration biopsy23‐24.
Rare Forms of Chronic Osteomyelitis (Multifocal Recurrent Periostitis and Chronic Symmetric Osteomyelitis ‐ Report of 3 Cases)
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , HOCHBERGER O. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOne case of multifocal, recurrent periostitis and two cases of symmetrical chronic osteomyelitis are reported.Although the clinical history was confusing the radiographic changes were characteristic enough to allow recognition of these rare entities.
Fetal Lateral Ventricles in the Second Trimester
Authors: KOSSOFF GEORGE , GARRETT WILLIAM J. , WARREN PETER S. , FONDA JANES. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTModern ultrasonic equipment allows the reliable visualisation of the fetal lateral ventricles from the 12th week of amenorrhea. The size of the ventricles was measured in eighty‐eight normal pregnancies in the second trimester and forty‐six pregnancies in the third trimester. The size of the normal ventricles was observed to be significantly higher in the second trimester than the published data would suggest. Certain developmental changes were also noted including the anechoic appearances of cortical tissues which could be confused for enlarged ventricles. Clinical experience suggests that accurate measurement of ventricular size may be used to exclude as well as to detect the onset of hydrocephaly as early as 16 weeks.
Is there a Role for Radiotherapy in the Management of Testicular Non‐Seminomas?
Authors: TWER K. W. , LANGLANDS A. O. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn recent years several new treatment options have become available in the management of Stage I and II nonseminomatous tumours of the testis as a result of more accurate staging of tumour extent and the development of curative chemotherapy. In addition some Australian centres now have surgeons on staff experienced in retroperitoneal node dissection which previously has not been a widely available option. There are few randomized comparisons of competing treatment options to determine precisely their relative therapeutic efficacy and morbidity and published results of some newer options, particularly orchi‐dectomy alone in C.S. I cases, are preliminary in nature.Despite these difficulties clinicians must select from the available options when individual patients are referred for assessment and further management following orchidectomy. It no longer seems acceptable to treat all C.S. I and II patients with post‐operative radiotherapy as a blanket policy. Some patients have a high probability of cure without adjuvant therapy while others are infrequently cured with radiotherapy alone. The routine use of retroperitoneal node dissection seems equally illogical and will result in virtually all cured patients being infertile. Administration of platinum‐containing chemotherapy following orchidectomy exposes these predominantly young men to substantial acute morbidity and psychological stress and a high risk of permanent infertility. In view of the efficacy of chemotherapy in salvaging patients who relapse its use as primary treatment in subgroups with a risk of relapse less than around 20% seems inappropriate. In groups with higher failure rates after surgery or radiotherapy it may be judged necessary especially in patients who may default from follow‐up.The current protocol of management for these tumours at our centre based upon the above considerations is outlined in Table 9. As further data accrues these recommendations may need to be altered. While the role of radiotherapy is considerably less than in the past it remains appropriate treatment for patients with limited retroperitoneal lymph node metastases (C.S. IIA; nodes less than 2 cms.) and provides a low rate of relapse for C.S. I patients where documented conversion of serum tumour marker levels from positive to negative after orchidectomy is not available as part of clinical staging.
Embolic Control of Massive Haematobilia After Liver Biopsy
Authors: DOYLE TERENCE , TRESS BRIAN , BEGLEY GLEN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTLife threatening haematobilia following liver biopsy was successfully treated by percutaneous transcatheter embolization of the right hepatic artery. Complications of liver biopsy and aspects of their treatment are discussed.
Ruptured Triceps Tendon Diagnosed Radiographically
Authors: NEWMARK HARRIS , OLKEN S. MICHAEL , HALLS JAMES 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe authors present two cases involving rupture of the triceps tendon that was initially diagnosed on radiographs.Tendon ruptures have been radiographically diagnosed before but only once by a fractured osteophyte of the triceps tendon, to our knowledge.The first case demonstrated this while the other showed an avulsion fracture at the tendon's insertions which has been described previously (seven times) on radiographs.
Radiology of Egyptian Mummy
Authors: BLOOMFIELD J.A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA mummy of the period 500‐300 BC was radiographed.The upper limbs were crossed over the thorax.The only pathology found was calcified atheroma. Multiple fractures and skeletal mutilation are attributed to artefact from embalming, and possibly re‐wrapping.The mummy is probably genuine as these observations confirm the inscription of the coffin.Medical radiologists should be aware of embalming artefacts.
The Empty Internal Auditory Canal
Authors: ANDERSON C.G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe diagnosis of acoustic neuroma depends upon expansion of the internal auditory canal; two cases are described where trispiral tomography appeared to show an expanding lesion but CT demonstrated an enlarged canal containing only normal structures.ABSTRACTThe empty pituitary fossa is well recognised. Petrous block tomography in patients referred for exclusion of acoustic neuroma has on three occasions demonstrated an apparently expanded canal, with suggestion of bone erosion, implying an expanding lesion, but C.T. with air has shown only normal structures in an otherwise empty canal.
The Late Effect of Radical Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer on Pulmonary Function
Authors: BALL D.L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAt the Peter MacCallum Hospital it is the policy to treat patients with non‐small cell carcinoma of the lung with radical intent if there are no adverse prognostic factors. Spirometric testing was carried out before and at least three months after the completion of radiotherapy in 25 patients who were so treated. The results indicate that high dose radiotherapy (50–60 Gy) to the primary site and mediastinum is well tolerated: although 64% of patients experienced a decrease in vital capacity, this was usually of acceptable degree and in the remaining 36% the vital capacity actually increased.
Transmesocolic Herniation of Small Bowel Following Colonic Interposition
Authors: AGHA FAROOQ P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis report focuses on iatrogenic transmesocolic hernia causing small bowel obstruction following colonic interposition. Of 45 patients undergoing visceral esophageal substitution using colon, three developed small bowel obstruc‐. tion due to internal herniation of a loop of small bowel through a defect in the mesocolon. Awareness of this unique cause of small bowel obstruction following colonic interposition and institution of early surgical treatment will prevent irreparable intestinal damage associated with internal Hernias.