bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eradication of Tumor Colonization and Invasion by a B Cell–Specific Immunotoxin in a Murine Model for Human Primary Intraocular Lymphoma
Authors: Li Zhuqing , Mahesh Sankaranarayana P. , Shen De Fen , Liu Baoying , Siu Willie O. , Hwang Frank S. , Wang Qing-Chen , Chan Chi-Chao , Pastan Ira , Nussenblatt Robert B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHuman primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) is predominantly a B cell–originated malignant disease with no appropriate animal models and effective therapies available. This study aimed to establish a mouse model to closely mimic human B-cell PIOL and to test the therapeutic potential of a recently developed immunotoxin targeting human B-cell lymphomas. Human B-cell lymphoma cells were intravitreally injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice. The resemblance of this tumor model to human PIOL was examined by fundoscopy, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and evaluated for molecular markers. The therapeutic effectiveness of immunotoxin HA22 was tested by injecting the drug intravitreally. Results showed that the murine model resembles human PIOL closely. Pathologic examination revealed that the tumor cells initially colonized on the retinal surface, followed by infiltrating through the retinal layers, expanding preferentially in the subretinal space, and eventually penetrating through the retinal pigment epithelium into the choroid. Several putative molecular markers for human PIOL were expressed in vivo in this model. Tumor metastasis into the central nervous system was also observed. A single intravitreal injection of immunotoxin HA22 after the establishment of the PIOL resulted in complete regression of the tumor. This is the first report of a murine model that closely mimics human B-cell PIOL. This model may be a valuable tool in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of human PIOL and for the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches. The results of B cell–specific immunotoxin therapy may have clinical implications in treating human PIOL. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10586-93)
Aromatase Destabilizer: Novel Action of Exemestane, a Food and Drug Administration–Approved Aromatase Inhibitor
Authors: Wang Xin , Chen Shiuan 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Using Western blot as the major technique, we studied the effects of the three Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved aromatase inhibitors (AI) on aromatase protein stability in the aromatase-overexpressing breast cancer cell line MCF-7aro. We have found that exemestane treatment significantly reduces aromatase protein level. Exemestane induces aromatase degradation in a dose-responsive manner (25-200 nmol/L), and the effect can be seen in as early as 2 hours. Metabolic labeling with S35-methionine was used to determine the half-life (t1/2) of aromatase protein. In the presence of 200 nmol/L exemestane, the t1/2 of aromatase was reduced to 12.5 hours from 28.2 hours in the untreated cells. Furthermore, exemestane-induced aromatase degradation can be completely blocked by 10 μmol/L MG132, indicating that the degradation is mediated by proteasome. We also examined the effect of exemestane on aromatase mRNA level using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. No significant changes in mRNA level were detected after 8 hours of treatment with exemestane (200 nmol/L). This is the first report on the evaluation of three FDA-approved AIs on the stability of the aromatase protein. We have found that exemestane, different from letrozole and anastrozole, can destabilize the aromatase protein. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10281-6)
Retinoblastoma Pathway Defects Show Differential Ability to Activate the Constitutive DNA Damage Response in Human Tumorigenesis
Authors: Tort Frederic , Bartkova Jirina , Sehested Maxwell , Ørntoft Torben , Lukas Jiri , Bartek Jiri 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Loss of G1-S control and aberrations of the p16Ink4a-cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4(6)-pRb-E2F-cyclin E/CDK2 pathway are common in human cancer. Previous studies showed that oncogene-induced aberrant proliferation, such as on cyclin E overexpression, causes DNA damage and checkpoint activation. Here, we show that, in a series of human colorectal adenomas, those with deregulation of cyclin D1 and/or p16Ink4a showed little evidence of constitutive DNA damage response (DDR), contrary to cyclin E-overexpressing higher-grade cases. These observations were consistent with diverse cell culture models with differential defects of retinoblastoma pathway components, as overexpression of cyclin D1 or lack of p16Ink4a, either alone or combined, did not elicit detectable DDR. In contrast, inactivation of pRb, the key component of the pathway, activated the DDR in cultured human or mouse cells, analogous to elevated cyclin E. These results highlight differential effect of diverse oncogenic events on driving the ‘cancer cell cycles’ and their ability to deregulate the replication-driving CDK2 kinase and to alarm the DDR as a potential anticancer barrier in accordance with their hierarchical positions along the retinoblastoma pathway. Our data provide new insights into oncogene-evoked DDR in human tumorigenesis, with potential implications for individualized management of tumors with elevated cyclin D1 versus cyclin E, due to their distinct clinical variables and biological behavior. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10258-63)
Expression of Wnt-5a Is Correlated with Aggressiveness of Gastric Cancer by Stimulating Cell Migration and Invasion
Authors: Kurayoshi Manabu , Oue Naohide , Yamamoto Hideki , Kishida Michiko , Inoue Atsuko , Asahara Toshimasa , Yasui Wataru , Kikuchi Akira 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Wnt-5a is a representative ligand that activates a β-catenin-independent pathway in the Wnt signaling. Although abnormal activation of β-catenin-dependent pathway is often observed in human cancer, the relationship between β-catenin-independent pathway and tumorigenesis is not clear. We sought to clarify how Wnt-5a is involved in aggressiveness of gastric cancer. Abnormal expression of Wnt-5a was observed in 71 of 237 gastric cancer cases by means of immunohistochemistry. The positivity of Wnt-5a expression was correlated with advanced stages and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Wnt-5a had the abilities to stimulate cell migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells. Wnt-5a activated focal adhesion kinase and small GTP-binding protein Rac, both of which are known to play a role in cell migration. Cell migration, membrane ruffling, and turnover of paxillin were suppressed in Wnt-5a knockdown cells. Furthermore, anti-Wnt-5a antibody suppressed gastric cancer cell migration. These results suggest that Wnt-5a stimulates cell migration by regulating focal adhesion complexes and that Wnt-5a is not only a prognostic factor but also a good therapeutic target for gastric cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10439-48)
Low Dietary Folate Initiates Intestinal Tumors in Mice, with Altered Expression of G2-M Checkpoint Regulators Polo-Like Kinase 1 and Cell Division Cycle 25c
Authors: Knock Erin , Deng Liyuan , Wu Qing , Leclerc Daniel , Wang Xiao-ling , Rozen Rima 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Clinical reports have suggested that low dietary folate increases risk for colorectal cancer. Animal studies for investigation of folate and tumorigenesis have used carcinogen induction or mice with germ-line mutations. We have developed a new spontaneous tumor model in which mice, with or without a null allele in a key folate-metabolizing enzyme, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr), develop intestinal tumors due to low dietary folate alone. On folate-deficient diets, 12.5% of Mthfr+/+ mice and 28.1% of Mthfr+/− mice developed tumors; mice on control diets were negative. Dietary and genotype effects on tumor development were significant. To investigate mechanisms of folate-dependent tumorigenesis, we examined levels of DNA damage and gene expression of two genes involved in DNA damage response and G2-M checkpoint regulation, polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and cell division cycle 25c (Cdc25c). Folate deficiency increased DNA damage and decreased expression of both genes (assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and immunofluorescence) in normal intestine compared with levels in mice on control diets. An immunofluorescence assay for CDC25c activity (phosphorylated CDC2) also found CDC25c activity to be decreased in folate-deficient normal intestine. In tumors, however, Plk1 and Cdc25c mRNA were found to be higher (11- and 3-fold, respectively) compared with normal intestine from folate-deficient mice; immunofluorescence studies of PLK1, CDC25c, and phosphorylated CDC2 supported these findings. Our data suggest that folate deficiency can initiate tumor development, that Mthfr mutation can enhance this phenomenon, and that altered expression of Plk1 and Cdc25c may contribute to folate-dependent intestinal tumorigenesis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10349-56)
Mapping a Sex Hormone–Sensitive Gene Determining Female Resistance to Liver Carcinogenesis in a Congenic F344.BN-Hcs4 Rat
Authors: De Miglio Maria R. , Virdis Patrizia , Calvisi Diego F. , Frau Maddalena , Muroni Maria R. , Simile Maria M. , Daino Lucia , Careddu Giovanni M. , Sanna-Passino Eraldo , Pascale Rosa M. , Feo Francesco 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is prevalent in human and rodent males. Hepatocarcinogenesis is controlled by various genes in susceptible F344 and resistant Brown Norway (BN) rats. B alleles at Hcs4 locus, on RNO16, control neoplastic nodule volume. We constructed the F344.BN-Hcs4 recombinant congenic strain (RCS) by introgressing a 4.41-cM portion of Hcs4 from BN strain in an isogenic F344 background. Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions were induced by the “resistant hepatocyte” protocol. Eight weeks after initiation, lesion volume and positivity for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were much higher in lesions of F344 than BN rats of both sexes. These variables were lower in females than in males. Lesion volume and PCNA values of male RCS were similar to those of F344 rats, but in females corresponded to those of BN females. Carcinomatous nodules and HCC developed at 32 and 60 weeks, respectively, in male F344 and congenics and, rarely, in F344 females. BN and congenic females developed only eosinophilic/clear cells nodules. Gonadectomy of congenic males, followed by β-estradiol administration, caused a decrease in Ar expression, an increase in Er-α expression, and development of preneoplastic lesions comparable to those from BN females. Administration of testosterone to gonadectomized females led to Ar increase and development of preneoplastic lesions as in F344 males. This indicates a role of homozygous B alleles at Hcs4 in the determination of phenotypic patterns of female RCS and presence at Hcs4 locus of a high penetrance gene(s), activated by estrogens and inhibited/unaffected by testosterone, conferring resistance to females in which the B alleles provide higher resistance. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(21): 10384-90)
Social work education’s cultural hegemony
Authors: Askeland Gurid Aga , Payne Malcolm 
Published: November 2006

English Globalization presses social work education towards post-colonial oppression of local cultures by dominant cultures, deepening economic difference and dependency. Diverse, local cultures and languages may be lost in internationalized social work education. Social work educational structures must combat cultural hegemony, allowing cultural translation of materials from dominant cultures and languages. French En matière d'enseignement du travail social, la mondialisation accentue l'oppression post-coloniale des cultures locales par les cultures dominantes, accroissant ainsi les différences économiques et la dépendance. L'internationalisation de l'enseignement du service social risque d'effacer les langues et la diversité des cultures locales. Les structures d'enseignement du travail social doivent combattre l'hégémonie culturelle en assurant que les contenus véhiculés entre les cultures dominantes et les cultures locales soient adaptés. Spanish La globalización empuja a la educación del trabajo social hacia una opresión post-colonial de culturas locales, opresión ejercida por las culturas dominantes, de modo que las diferencias económicas y situación de dependencia se ahonda aun más. Es posible que en la educación internacionalizada del trabajo social se pierdan las diversas culturas locales y las lenguas. Las estructuras educativas del trabajo social deben combatir la hegemonía cultural, permitiendo la traducción cultural de los materiales provenientes de culturas y lenguas dominantes.
Using Foucault’s concept of power to analyze school discipline and draw implications for school social work service in Hong Kong
Authors: To Siu-ming 
Published: November 2006

English This article incorporates Foucault's conception of power to study how power relations exist in school discipline and contribute to the constitution of Hong Kong students' and teachers' subjectivities. It is argued that such an analysis of a significant aspect of the school social work profession can help practitioners enhance their reflexivity and promote empowering practices. French Cette étude s'appuie sur la conception du pouvoir de Foucault pour analyser les relations de pouvoir existant dans la discipline scolaire et leur impact sur la subjectivité des professeurs et des étudiants de Hong Kong. Cette thèse soutient qu'une telle analyse du travail social scolaire peut aider les praticiens à ameliorer leur réflexivité et à promouvoir des pratiques responsabilisantes. Spanish Este artículo incorpora la concepción de poder de Foucault para estudiar cómo las relaciones de poder están presentes en la disciplina escolar y contribuyen a la constitución de las subjetividades de estudiantes y maestros en Hong Kong. Se argumenta que un análisis de este tipo puede ayudar a los practicantes de la profesión del trabajo social a aumentar su reflexividad y promover el fortalecimiento de las prácticas.
How can occupational therapy improve the daily performance and communication of an older patient with dementia and his primary caregiver?
Authors: Graff Maud J.L. , Vernooij-Dassen Myrra J.M. , Zajec Jana , Olde-Rikkert Marcel G.M. , Hoefnagels Willibrord H.L. , Dekker Joost 
Published: November 2006

Objective: To enhance insight into the process of occupational therapy (OT) and the changes after OT, in an older patient with mild dementia and his primary caregiver. Design and setting: Case study: content analysis of an OT patient record. Intervention: System-based OT at home using a guideline focusing on both patient's performance in daily activities and caregiver's cognition on patient behaviour and caregiver role and focusing on adaptation of the physical environment. Measures: Triangulation of results of qualitative content analysis and quantitative description using the following measures: Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS), Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), Interview of Deterioration in Daily Activities in Dementia (IDDD), Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement (COPM), Dementia Quality of Life Instrument (DQOL), Sense of Competence Scale (SCQ) and the Mastery Scale. Results: The global categories derived from content analysis were: daily performance and communication. The specific categories were the patient with dementia, his or her caregiver and the occupational therapist. Important themes derived from content analysis were: patient's capacity for pleasure, autonomy and appreciation in performing daily activities and caregiver's competence. Patient's changes reported after OT: more initiative, autonomy and pleasure in performing daily activities, increase of quality of life; caregiver's changes reported after OT: improved communication and supervision skills, changed cognition on patient behaviour and caregiver role, improved sense of competence. The quantitative results showed an improved daily performance (e.g. initiative, motor and process skills, need for assistance) and quality of life of the patient and improved sense of competence, quality of life and mastery of the situation of the caregiver after OT intervention. Thus the results of the qualitative content analysis were supported by the quantitative results. Additionally, based on the results of the content analysis an exploratory and system-based model has been developed connecting OT diagnosis and OT treatment at home for patients with dementia and their primary caregivers. Conclusion: This case study provides information on how occupational therapy can improve the daily performance, communication, sense of competence and quality of life of an older patient with dementia and his or her primary caregiver. A combination of education, setting feasible goals, using adaptations in physical environment, training compensatory skills, training supervision skills, and changing dysfunctional cognitions on patient behaviour and caregiver role seemed to be successful. A randomized controlled trial must provide information on the effects of OT at home for older patients with dementia and their primary caregivers.
Motor Learning and Parkinson Disease: Refinement of Movement Velocity and Endpoint Excursion in a Limits of Stability Balance Task
Authors: Jessop Reuben T. , Horowicz Christopher , Dibble Leland E. 
Published: November 2006

Objective. To investigate the effects of practice on performance and retention of a balance task in persons with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods. Ten persons with PD and 10 age and gender-matched healthy control subjects were tested on an anticipatory, static base of support, limits of stability (LOS) balance task on a force plate. The motor learning paradigm utilized for all subjects included an acquisition phase and retention tests at 24 h and 1 week after acquisition. A force plate was used for testing and to collect outcome measures including movement velocity (MVL), endpoint excursion (EPE), and directional control. Data were analyzed for differences between groups and change over time. Results.Persons with PD demonstrated performance deficits relative to controls for MVL at all testing periods ( P < 0.05), and initially for EPE ( P < 0.05), but were able to maintain significant improvements through retention testing relative to baseline ( P < 0.05). Conclusions. Persons with PD demonstrated unimpaired capacity for motor learning in a LOS balance task for MVL and EPE, although performance deficits remained for MVL. The results concur with previous motor learning research of upper extremity tasks by suggesting that individuals with mild to moderate PD exhibit a preserved ability to benefit from practice as a means of improving balance task performance.
Evolution of Subjective Visual Vertical Perturbation After Stroke
Authors: Bonan I. V. , Leman M. C. , Legargasson J. F. , Guichard J. P. , Yelnik A. P. 
Published: November 2006

Objective. The perception of visual verticality is often perturbed after stroke and might be an underlying component of imbalance. The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of visual vertical (VV) perturbation and to investigate the factors affecting it. Methods. Thirty patients with hemiplegia after a single hemispheric stroke (17 left lesioned [LL] and 13 right lesioned [RL]) were studied. Visual verticality was tested within 45 days of stroke, and then at 3 and 6 months. Subjects sat in a dark room and adjusted a luminous rod to the vertical position. The differences between patients’ adjustments and vertical were calculated. The effects on VV evolution of the side, size, type, and location of the lesion were tested. Results. Sixty percent of the recent stroke patients had an initial inaccurate perception of verticality, and 39% of these patients recovered during the 1st 3 months after stroke. The evolution of VV tilt depended on the side of the lesion ( P = 0.01), with better recovery in LL patients. None of the other factors studied affected VV normalization. Conclusions. The poorer recovery of vertical perception after right-side stroke might be due to the predominant role of the right hemisphere in spatial cognition, and might be involved in the poorer recovery of balance after stroke in RL patients.
Recovery of Grasp versus Reach in People with Hemiparesis Poststroke
Authors: Lang Catherine E. , Wagner Joanne M. , Edwards Dorothy F. , Sahrmann Shirley A. , Dromerick Alexander W. 
Published: November 2006

Background and Objective. The authors recently found that grasping was not relatively more disrupted than reaching in people with acute hemiparesis. They now extend this work to the recovery of reach versus grasp. Methods. Hemiparetic subjects were tested acutely, after 90 days, and then after 1 year poststroke, and a control group was evaluated once. Using kinematic techniques, subjects were studied performing reach and reach-to-grasp movements. The authors quantified 3 characteristics of performance for each movement: speed, accuracy, and efficiency, where an efficient movement was defined as a movement directly to the target without extraneous or abnormally circuitous movements. To evaluate the relative deficits and recovery in reach versus grasp, performance measures were converted to z scores using control group means and standard deviations. Results. The authors’ results showed that, starting with small deficits in speed acutely, both reach speed and grasp speed improved over time. Deficits in accuracy were greater in the reach than the grasp acutely, and these deficits lessened such that by the 90-day time point, the relative accuracy of the 2 movements was the same. In contrast, deficits in efficiency were greater in the grasp than the reach acutely, and grasp efficiency did not recover. The majority of recovery in reaching and grasping occurred by the 90-day time point, with little change occurring between the 90-day and 1-year time points. Conclusions. The authors hypothesize that, in chronic hemiparesis, purposeful movements requiring distal control may be more impaired than purposeful movements requiring proximal control, not because of the initial lesion, but because, over the course of recovery, spared components of the descending motor systems may be able to compensate for the accuracy deficits in reaching (proximal control) but not the efficiency deficits in grasping (distal muscular control).
Gene-expression profiling of systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma reveals differences based on ALK status and two distinct morphologic ALK+ subtypes
Authors: Lamant Laurence , Reyniès Aurélien de , Duplantier Marie-Michèle , Rickman David S. , Sabourdy Frédérique , Giuriato Sylvie , Brugières Laurence , Gaulard Philippe , Espinos Estelle , Delsol Georges 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWith the use of microarray gene-expression profiling, we analyzed a homogeneous series of 32 patients with systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and 5 ALCL cell lines. Unsupervised analysis classified ALCL in 2 clusters, corresponding essentially to morphologic subgroups (ie, common type vs small cell and “mixed” variants) and clinical variables. Patients with a morphologic variant of ALCL had advanced-stage disease. This group included a significant number of patients who experienced early relapse. Supervised analysis showed that ALK+ALCL and ALK− ALCL have different gene-expression profiles, further confirming that they are different entities. Among the most significantly differentially expressed genes between ALK+ and ALK− samples, we found BCL6, PTPN12, CEBPB, and SERPINA1 genes to be overexpressed in ALK+ ALCL. This result was confirmed at the protein level for BCL-6, C/EBPβ and serpinA1 through tissue microarrays. The molecular signature of ALK− ALCL included overexpression of CCR7, CNTFR, IL22, and IL21 genes but did not provide any obvious clues to the molecular mechanism underlying this tumor subtype. Once confirmed on a larger number of patients, the results of the present study could be used for clinical and therapeutic management of patients at the time of diagnosis.