bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floral biology, pollinators and reproductive success of Abutilon grandifolium in urban green spaces of Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires
Authors: Cáceres Pablo Daniel , Estravis-Barcala Cecilia , Laino Leandro , Lajad Rocío , García María Teresa Amela 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Urban green spaces have gained importance in view of growing urbanization; however, limited research exists on the interactions of native plants with the local fauna, particularly comparing protected natural areas vs. recreated ones. To contribute to filling this gap, the floral biology and pollination of Abutilon grandifolium (Malvaceae) were studied in an Ecological Reserve and in a square where the local environment was recreated with native plants, both located in Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. A. grandifolium was self-compatible. The flowers presented typical characteristics of biotic pollination (ornamented pollen, conspicuous perianth and rewards), particularly melittophily (diurnal anthesis, nectar, yellow-orange coloration, UV spectrum reward guides and pleasant odour). At both sites, the most frequent visitors were Apis mellifera and halictid bees, collecting nectar or pollen. While visits from the former were predominantly illegitimate, those from the latter were mostly legitimate. Occasional visitors included the bees Xylocopa sp. and Bombus pauloensis, syrphid flies, plus rarely, beetles. In specimens of all the bees, great amounts of A. grandifolium pollen was found in positions compatible with an effective transfer to the stigmas, therefore, all of them would be pollinators (when they access legitimately). The flies and the beetles would be mainly pollen and nectar thieves. In general, the identity, frequency and activity of the floral visitors coincided in the two sites, being species richness even greater in the square; therefore, the conditions that allow A. grandifolium to reproduce by xenogamy would be recreated in the square, thus maintaining its genetic variability.
Classification of Cervical Cancer from Pap Smear Images Using Deep Learning: A Comparison of Transfer Learning Models
Authors: KAUR HARMANPREET , Sharma Reecha , Kaur Jagroop 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose Globally, cervical cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer, and it is particularly prevalent among women in developing countries. The Pap smear is an essential diagnostic tool for detecting abnormal cells associated with cervical cancer. It is possible to significantly reduce cervical cancer deaths if detected and treated early. The manual screening process, however, results in a high percentage of false positives because of human error, which results in unnecessary treatment and anxiety for the patient. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a screening method that is more accurate and efficient to reduce false positives. To overcome this problem, automated screening methods have been proposed, such as computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), which can provide a more accurate and efficient diagnosis.Design/methodology/approach In this regard, this paper uses Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) models to classify single-cell pap smear images. Several pre-trained DTL models have been evaluated, including VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, ResNet50V2, ResNet101, ResNet101V2, ResNet152, ResNet152V2, DenseNet121, DenseNet169, DenseNet201, MobileNet, XceptionNet, InceptionV3, and InceptionResNetV2, to determine which model is the most effective for detecting cervical cancer.Findings Based on a comparison of the results, ResNet101 and ResNet50 performed best in terms of accuracy and precision. In terms of classification accuracy, ResNet101 was the most reliable model with a score of 95.56 percent, whereas ResNet50 was the second most accurate model with a score of 91.19%. Our findings indicate that DTL models are suitable for automating cervical cancer screening, providing more accurate and efficient results than manual screening.Practical implications These models provide cytologists with valuable insights into cervix abnormalities and a reliable and efficient method for analysing and interpreting pap smear images.Research implications Due to the advancement of deep transfer learning, it has become possible to accurately classify single-cell pap smear images, which is crucial for detecting cervical cancer. Furthermore, the novice researcher can consult the reference paper to determine which transfer learning model is most suitable for their analysis of the Herlev dataset.Originality/value The proposed model using ResNet101 maximizes classification accuracy when compared to VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, ResNet50V2, ResNet101V2, ResNet152, ResNet152V2, MobileNet, XceptionNet, InceptionV3, and InceptionResNetV2. To validate the results, confusion matrices are computed for each model. An original contribution of the paper is to present 16 deep transfer learning models for the classification of cervical cancers based on the Herlev dataset.
Attitudes of parents with a child with autosomal recessive disease toward consanguinity
Authors: Al-Kandari Yagoub , Bahzad Shaker , Ramadan Dina , Alsharhan Hind , Hussain Mohammad , Al-Herz Waleed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The major aim of this study is to examine the perspective and attitudes of parents with one or more affected children by an AR disease towards consanguineous marriages. A total of 285 parents were invited to participate in this study. The sample was divided into two groups: clinical sample including parents attending various clinics in hospitals and a community sample. A self-administered survey was developed by researchers. The questionnaire was about the subjects’ attitudes toward consanguinity and was divided into two parts: sociocultural and health attitudes. SPSS was used for data entry and analysis. Chi-square, t-test and Pearson correlation were the major statistical procedures. Significant differences were found between consanguineous parents with at least one affected child with an AR genetic disease and the community sample (non-consanguineous parents). Regarding the prevalence of consanguinity, support consanguinity in general, parents want their children to marry a relative and consanguinity is common in their family, significant differences were also found between clinical and community samples. Regarding health attitudes, significant differences between the two samples were found in six out of seven examined variables. A relationship between the rate of consanguinity and the respondent’s education level was found. High level of inbreeding with increasing consanguinity rates is responsible for the high prevalence of inherited AR genetic disorders in the MENA region with subsequent morbidity and mortality.
Assessing Tradeoffs and Synergies between Land Use Land Cover Change and Ecosystem Services in River Ecosystem Using InVEST Model
Authors: Majumdar Aditi , Avishek Kirti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Riverine ecosystems supply humans with a variety of ecosystem services (ESs), but anthropogenic activities endanger their availability worldwide. Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of riverine ESs and identifying the primary driving forces behind various ESs are crucial for preserving regional ecological security and achieving ecosystem sustainability. The study examines the spatio-temporal changes from 2000 to 2022 in the Danro River Basin in Jharkhand in four essential Ecosystem Services (ES): Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR), Nutrient Delivery Ratio (NDR), Habitat Quality Monitoring (HQM) and Carbon Storage (CS), using InVEST model, Land Use Dynamics Index and Correspondence analysis. Danro River is a tributary of the Ganges River basin affected by sand mining. Key results were: (1) A rise in soil erosion was observed due to the transformation of agricultural land into urban areas; (2) The phosphorous and nitrogen retention was higher in agricultural land as compared to forest areas; (3) The habitat quality of the Danro River body showed degradation during 2000 to 2020; (4) The study area can sequester 2128304.92 Mg of Carbon; (5) The land use dynamic index (K) indicated that bare ground experienced the greatest impact, with a value of -0.021. The study uncovered complex relationships between ecosystem services and land use changes, emphasizing tradeoffs and synergies and laying stress on the holistic management strategies to balance tradeoffs and leverage synergies. The findings provide valuable insights for decision-making in socio-environmental processes. Other regions missing meteorological, hydrological, and geological data may also benefit from applying the InVEST model with localized parameters.
Engineering customized viral receptors for various coronaviruses
Authors: Yan Huan , Liu Peng , Huang Meiling , Guo Hua , Si Junyu , Chen Yuanmei , Wang Chunli , Yu Xiao , Shi Lulu , Xiong Qing , Ma Chengbao , Tong Fei , Liu Chen , Chen Jing , Guo Ming , Li Jing , Shi Zhengli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Coronaviruses display versatile receptor usage, yet in-depth characterization of coronaviruses lacking known receptor identities has been impeded by the absence of feasible infection models1,2. Here, we developed an innovative strategy to engineer functional customized viral receptors (CVRs). The modular design relies on building receptor frameworks comprising various function modules and generating specific epitope-targeting viral binding domains. We showed the key factors for CVRs to efficiently facilitate spike cleavage, membrane fusion, pseudovirus entry, and authentic virus propagation for various coronaviruses, resembling their native receptors. Applying this strategy, we delineated the accessible receptor binding epitopes for functional SARS-CoV-2 CVR design and elucidated the mechanism of entry supported by an amino-terminus domain (NTD) targeting S2L20-CVR. Furthermore, we created CVR-expressing cells for assessing antibodies and inhibitors against 12 representative coronaviruses from six subgenera, most of which lacking known receptors. Notably, a pan-sarbecovirus CVR supported entry of various sarbecoviruses, as well as propagation of a replicable HKU3 pseudovirus and the authentic strain RsHuB2019A3. Through combining an HKU5-specific CVR with reverse genetics, we successfully rescued and cultured wild-type and fluorescence protein-incorporated HKU5, a receptor-unidentified merbecovirus. Our study demonstrated the great potential of CVR strategy in establishing native receptor-independent infection models, paving the way for studying various viruses that are challenging to culture due to the lack of susceptible cells.
Upcycled High-Strength Aluminum Alloys from Scrap through Solid-Phase Alloying
Authors: Li Xiao , Wang Tianhao , Li Zehao , Liu Tingkun , Wang Xiang , Devaraj Arun , Powell Cindy , Santos Jorge F. dos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Although recycling secondary aluminum can lead to energy consumption reduction compared to primary aluminum manufacturing, products produced by traditional melt-based recycling processes are inherently limited in terms of alloy composition and microstructure, and thus final properties. To overcome the constraints associated with melting, we have developed a novel solid-phase recycling and simultaneous alloying method. This innovative process enables the alloying of 6063 aluminum scrap with copper, zinc, and magnesium, to form a nanocluster-strengthened high-performance aluminum alloy with a composition and properties akin to 7075 aluminum alloy. The unique nanostructure with high density of Guinier-Preston zones and uniformly precipitated nanoscale η'/Mg(CuZn)2 strengthening phases, enhances both yield and ultimate tensile strength by > 200%. By delivering high-performance products from scrap that are not just recycled but upcycled, this scalable manufacturing approach offers a new paradigm of metals reuse, with the option for on-demand upcycling of a variety of metallic materials from scrap sources.
Are toe fringes important for lizard burying in highly mobile sand?
Authors: Zheng Peng , Liang Tao , Shi Lei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Toe fringes are a key innovation for sand dwelling lizards, and the relationship between toe fringe function and substrate properties is helpful in understanding the adaptation of lizards to sand dune environments. We tested the sand burial performance ofPhrynocephalus mystaceuson different sand substrates with toe fringe manipulation, with the aim of assessing whether the function of the toe fringes shifts under different substrate properties, especially in highly mobile substrates. The sand burial performance ofP. mystaceuswas influenced by substrate properties in relation to the toe fringe states of the lizard. After removal of the bilateral toe fringes, the sand burial ability score ofP. mystaceuswas significantly higher on sand substrates below 100 mesh than on native sand substrates. As the angle of stability of the substrate properties decreased, the sand burial performance of the lizard was even better after the bilateral toe fringes were removed. The results of the LASSO model and the path analysis model showed that the stability angle provided the opposite effect on sand burial performance in different toe fringe states. These results further suggest that the sand burial function of toe fringes may not be suitable for highly mobile sand substrates. It remains to be tested further whether the function of toe fringes is more important for running on sand.
A systematic review of the biomarkers associated with cognition and mood state in bipolar disorder
Authors: Anaid Perez-Ramos , Cristina Romero-Lopez-Alberca , Maria HIdalgo-Figueroa , Esther Berrocoso , Ildefonso Perez-Revuelta Jose 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by changes in mood that alternate between (hypo) mania or depression and mixed states, often associated with functional impairment and cognitive dysfunction. But little is known about biomarkers that contribute to the development and sustainment of cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to review the association between neurocognition and biomarkers across different mood states.
Method
Search databases were Web of Science, Scopus and PudMed. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Studies were selected that focused on the correlation between neuroimaging, physiological, genetic or peripheral biomarkers and cognition in at least two phases of BD: depression, (hypo)mania, euthymia or mixed. PROSPERO Registration No.: CRD42023410782
Results
A total of 1824 references were screened, identifying 1023 published articles, of which 336 were considered eligible. Only 16 provided information on the association between biomarkers and cognition in the different affective states of BD. We mainly found two types of biomarkers examining this association across BD mood states. Regarding peripheral biomarkers, although literature suggests an association with cognition, our review did not reveal such an association. Differences in levels of total cholesterol and C-reactive protein were observed depending on mood state. Neuroimaging biomarkers highlighted hypoactivation of frontal areas stands out for the acute states of BD and a deactivation failure has been reported in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), potentially serving as a trait marker of BD.
Conclusion
Only a few recent articles have investigated biomarker-cognition associations in BD mood phases. Our findings underline that there appear to be central regions involved in BD that are observed in all mood states. However, there appear to be underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction that may vary across different mood states in bipolar disorder. This review highlights the importance of standardizing the data and the assessment of cognition, as well as the need for biomarkers to help prevent acute symptomatic phases of the disease, and the associated functional and cognitive impairment.
Evaluation of fatigue and quality of life in patients with cancer of the musculoskeletal system undergoing chemotherapy treatment. An observational study
Authors: Morri Mattia , Boccomini Riccardo , Bruku Eugenio , Romagnoli Erika , Boschi Rita , Raucci Giovanni , Bellinaterra Ausilia , Affilitaion Paola Coluccino 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose: the aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of fatigue syndrome and the quality of life of patients with cancer of the musculoskeletal system during the first 6 months of chemotherapy and identify possible prognostic factors.
Methods: prospective observational study was conducted. All patients about to start antiblastic therapy were consecutively recruited from July 2019 to April 2021. Patient fatigue and quality of life was measured at the start of antiblastic therapy and after 6 months. The BFI score and EORTC QLQ C-30 was used respectively. The variables were defined through a literature search and comparison between professionals.
Results: The analysis of risk factors was performed on 98 patients. The mean BFI at 6 months was 2.8 (2.2) and in 36% of patients fatigue was classified from moderate to severe. The average global and functional quality of life decreased by 9.1 and 5.3 points respectively. The strength of the association between the BFI score and the 3 subscales derived from the EORTC was moderate (p<0.001). Smoking status, increase in BMI and the reduction in functional capabilities were independent predictive factors of fatigue.
Conclusion: Fatigue syndrome is present in a significant percentage of patients both at the start of chemotherapy treatment and in the following 6 months. Being a no smoker, reducing BMI and increasing functional ability could impact fatigue syndrome. The quality of life for these patients is reduced with a decreasing trend in the first months and associated with fatigue syndrome
Registration number (clinicaltrial.gov): NCT04104750 (26/09/2019)
Oxidative stress tolerance and salicylic acid levels in early-flowering populations derived from two cultivars of annual flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Santacroce Angelica , Kothari Sajani , Wang Mutian , Thiyagarajah Bibizan , Ko Su Hyun (Elizabeth) , Gunasekar Swetharajan , Brown Jason 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Based on the Oxidative Stress Theory of Aging, long-lived organisms should exhibit greater oxidative stress tolerance than short-lived organisms. For annual plants, such as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), there is a positive correlation between flowering time and lifespan; therefore, we investigated whether early-flowering populations of two flax cultivars (Royal [R] and Stormont Cirrus [L]) exhibited lower oxidative stress tolerance than their normal-flowering controls, in the presence and absence of exogenous oxidative stress. Oxidative stress tolerance was assessed via mitochondrial uncoupling, catalase activity, and peroxide-induced cell membrane damage. We also investigated whether early-flowering flax populations exhibited different endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels than their normal-flowering controls since SA is known to regulate both oxidative stress response and flowering time. We found no differences except that mitochondrial uncoupling was lower in early-flowering populations from the L (but not R) cultivar compared to normal-flowering controls. Perhaps L. usitatissimum has already evolved such a low oxidative stress tolerance that it cannot be further reduced in early-flowering populations. Unexpectedly, we observed that the two cultivars exhibited different responses to exogenous oxidative stress. Catalase activity was higher in response to exogenous oxidative stress in the L (but not R) cultivar, whereas peroxide-induced cell membrane damage was higher in the R (but not L) cultivar. SA may play some role in these cultivar-specific responses. As the R and L cultivars has been selected for their seed oil and fibres, respectively, the differential response of these cultivars may reflect trade-offs between oxidative stress tolerance and trait selection.
Health system resilience in countries facing terrorist threats: a scoping review
Authors: BAYOULOU Souleymane , SOMÉ Vouanda , NIARE Boubacar , ROUAMBA Tarwindssèga Désiré , ZOUNGRANA Wend-Yam Yves Armel R , KOLLO Appolinaire TONYE , KABORÉ K. P. Nöel , TRAORE Assita Banakourou , KOANDA Ousmane , BAYILI Nébilbié Christophe , TRAORE Augusta Bintou , KOUDOUGOU Jean Baptiste , NGANGUE Patrice 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: The increasing frequency of terrorist events has led to a growing need for healthcare services. Indeed, the unexpected nature of terrorist attacks affects the healthcare system. The number of deaths among victims admitted to healthcare facilities calls into question the ability of health systems to cope with shocks. This article aims to strengthen the understanding of the resilience processes of healthcare systems and identify support strategies for other systems facing significant shocks.
Methods: A scoping review included empirical research on health system resilience and terrorism threats from peer-reviewed literature was conducted. A comprehensive search strategy was conducted in four electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, Global Health, and PsycInfo) in January 2023. A graphic method was used to synthetize findings and a thematic analysis was performed to identy resiliences concepts based on the World Health Organization (WHO) health system building blocks.
Results: We screened 37 papers, then completed a full text review of 35 identified as relevant. A total of 33 papers were retained for analysis. The results indicate that when health service utilization and stress are associated with service delivery, human resource capacity erodes, compromising system functioning.
In most cases, health services were surprised by events because they lacked a minimum emergency preparedness plan. These systemic shocks reinforced the need to strengthen the resilience of healthcare systems. However, the practical application of interventions to make systems resilient has yet to be clearly defined. However, the absorptive capacities of the healthcare system enable an immediate response to a crisis, drawing on available human and organizational resources. It is also clear that by remaining flexible in organizing services, healthcare systems can strengthen their adaptive capacities to ensure better service delivery.
Conclusions: Bringing order to the chaos following a terrorist incident requires discipline and a well-prepared, professional healthcare team.
Mesoscopic elasticity controls dynamin-driven fission of lipid tubules
Authors: Casciola Carlo , Bussoletti Marco , Gallo Mirko , Bottacchiari Matteo , Abbondanza Dario 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mesoscale physics bridges the gap between the microscopic degrees of freedom of a system and its large-scale continuous behavior and highlights the role of a few key quantities in complex and multiscale phenomena, like dynamin-driven fission of lipid membranes. The dynamin protein wraps the neck formed during clathrin-mediated endocytosis, for instance, and constricts it until severing occurs. Although ubiquitous and fundamental for life, the cooperation between the GTP-consuming conformational changes within the protein and the mesoscale response of the underlying lipid substrate is yet to be unraveled. In this work, we build an effective mesoscopic model from constriction to fission of lipid tubules based on continuum membrane elasticity and implicitly accounting for ratchet-like power strokes of dynamins. Localization of the fission event, the overall geometry, and the energy expenditure we predict comply with the major experimental findings. This bolsters the idea that a mesoscopic continuous picture emerges soon enough to relate dynamin polymerization length and membrane rigidity and tension with the optimal pathway to fission. We therefore suggest that dynamins found in in vivo processes may optimize their structure accordingly. Ultimately, we shed light on real-time conductance measurements available in literature and predict the fission time dependency on elastic parameters.