bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of thermal parameters and factors acting on thermal conduction of low‐k films
Authors: Sato Shigeo , Okamura Takao , Ye Jiping 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe thermal properties of a silicon oxide‐based low‐k film and a thermally oxidized silicon film were investigated using the 3‐omega and laser thermo‐reflectance (LTR) methods. Thermal conductivity and effusivity were successfully estimated by the 3‐omega and LTR methods, respectively. It was confirmed that the combination of thermal effusivity and conductivity can successfully provide the heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of the films. The thermal parameters thus obtained suggested that the lower thermal conductivity of the examined low‐k film comes mainly from the rather low level of thermal diffusivity. Based on an analysis of the X‐ray diffraction profiles of the films, it was found that the low thermal diffusivity of the low‐k film can be attributed to the discontinuity of the network structure of their clusters. The heat resistance at the interface between the film and Si substrate was also evaluated. We found that the low‐k film exhibited, interestingly, negative interfacial heat resistance, although interfacial heat resistance should have a positive value in general. In order to determine the origin of the negative interfacial heat resistance, the interface state of the films was analyzed in detail on the basis of X‐ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements. The XRR results showed clearly that a thin, high‐density layer was present at the interface of the low‐k films. This high‐density layer presumably promoted heat flow to the substrate, resulting in the apparent negative interfacial heat resistance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AES and XPS investigations of molybdenum‐sulfur‐iodine‐based nanowire‐type material
Authors: Mandrino Djordje , Vrbanic Daniel , Jenko Monika , Mihailovic Dragan , Pejovnik Stane 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNanowire‐type materials produced by single‐step synthesis were investigated by XPS and HR AES. A sufficient quantity of these materials was produced for the XPS analyses. AES analyses at selected spots or along selected lines on the surface of the bundles of the material were also performed. HR AES measurements on bundles of different thicknesses were performed and compared. All the types of spectroscopy measurements were quantified, especially with respect to the Mo, S, and I. The Mo : S : I stoichiometries thus determined, deviated from the nominal value. It was also found that the stoichiometry is approximately constant along an individual nanowire bundle, but less so from one bundle to another. However, it was not possible to show conclusively that the diameter of the bundle influences the stoichiometry. The stoichiometry obtained from XPS measurements differs significantly from the one obtained from the AES measurement as well as from the nominal one. A possible explanation for the differences in the stoichiometries measured by AES, XPS, and the nominal values is the influence of the AES analysis on the sample and the interaction between the characteristics of XPS technique and the sample structure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐diffusion effects in as‐deposited Al/Ni polycrystalline multi‐layers
Authors: Salou M. , Rioual S. , Ben Youssef J. , Dekadjevi D. T. , Pogossian S. P. , Jonnard P. , Le Guen K. , Gamblin G. , Rouvellou B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAl/Ni multi‐layers, deposited by magnetron sputtering at room temperature have been studied by complementary techniques; XPS, sputter depth profiling, electron‐induced X‐ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). XPS depth profile technique evidenced an atomic diffusion dominated by Ni atoms. Moreover, the Ni diffusion results in the formation of an amorphous phase with a stoichiometry close to the Al3Ni aluminide. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous study of interfacial tension, surface tension, and viscosity of few surfactant solutions with survismeter
Authors: Singh Man 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSurfaces and interfaces are receptive valuable significant property of chemical molecules due to their potential to develop several phenomena in a self‐controlled mechanism. Science of surfaces is vast and is being used industrially since time immemorial. Their accurate and simultaneous estimation is necessary; therefore, the survismeter was used for measuring them along with viscosity. Individually tensiometers, X‐ray reflective microscope, and viscometers are used for surface tension, interfacial tension, and viscosity, respectively. These devices are sophisticated, expensive, and individually consume much time and resources with poor reproducibility in measurements. Survismeter is an alternative device for similar measurements together with higher accuracies and reproducibility. It works on a principle of capillary flow and pressure gradient (PG) inside liquid‐holding and air‐filled bulbs. Several liquids have been used for study with ± 0.01 mN/m, ± 0.01 mN/m and ± 1 × 10−5 N s/m2 accuracies in respective data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on imidazolium‐based ionic liquids with scanning atom probe and Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry
Authors: Tolstogouzov A. , Bardi U. , Nishikawa O. , Taniguchi M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractScanning atom probe (SAP) and Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS) were used to investigate several imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) of the form [R][Tf2N], where [R] can be one of the three cations—[emim], [bmim], and [hmim], and [Tf2N] is the anion of N(SO2CF3)2. In the case of SAP, it was found that only a cupola‐shaped tip allows measuring the proper mass spectra. The dominant peak at m/q of 69 was identified mainly with CF3+ ions generated via decomposition of the [Tf2N] anions. Neither parent molecular ions nor intact anions were detected in our experiments with both techniques applied. At the same time, the peaks of the complete cations were found to be the most intense mass species via thermal evaporation of ILs. It is very likely that in KEMS the fragmentation of evaporated molecules occurred under the electron impact (EI) ionization while in the SAP experiments ILs dissociated into the fragments directly during the pulsed field evaporation/ionization. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coronary heart disease and depression: getting evidence into clinical practice
Authors: Reddy Prasuna , Dunbar James A , Morgan Mark A J , O'Neil Adrienne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractClinical guidelines based on systematic reviews of the evidence recommend identification and treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and depression. The evidence shows that depression is an independent risk factor for heart disease, and when present after an acute coronary event, is a predictor of poor prognosis. This paper will describe our experience of getting that evidence into practice using change management based on mapping the processes of the patient's journey through the healthcare system. This allowed identification of the points in the journey where screening and intervention could take place. Cardiac rehabilitation is the intervention point for acute presentation, and primary care has the role in long term follow up of risk factors including depression. Overall, comorbid depression is best managed within a system of collaborative care based on chronic disease management principles. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric evaluation of perceived stress scale for Turkish university students
Authors: Örücü Müge Çelik , Demir Ayhan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate the applicability of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to a Turkish sample. PSS (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983) is a general appraisal instrument that measures the degree to which situations in one's life are appraised as stressful. Five hundred and eight freshman students at the Middle East Technical University at the age of 16–29 filled in the Turkish translation of the PSS. The alpha coefficient for the Turkish version of PSS was found as 0.84, and PSS correlated 0.61 with the General Health Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the PSS showed that the scale consisted of two factors: Perceived Helplessness factor and Perceived Self‐efficacy. In general, the data indicated that the PSS provides a reliable and valid measure of perceived stress for a Turkish sample. The findings provide useful information for researchers and practitioners wishing to adapt foreign psychological tests to different cultures, especially in relation to the assessment of university students. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlates of language impairment in children with galactosaemia
Authors: Potter N. L. , Lazarus J.‐A. C. , Johnson J. M. , Steiner R. D. , Shriberg L. D. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryPurposeThis study describes risk factors associated with language impairment in children with classic galactosaemia.MethodThirty‐three 4–16‐year‐old participants with classic galactosaemia and a history of speech sound disorders completed a battery of cognitive and language measures and their parents completed a family history questionnaire.ResultsNine of the sixteen (56%) participants with typical cognitive development and 15 of the 17 (88%) with borderline‐low cognitive development had language impairments. Participants with typical cognitive development more often had an expressive language disorder, whereas those with borderline‐low cognitive development more often had a mixed receptive‐expressive language disorder. Participants with Q188R/Q188R genotypes had increased risk for both cognitive and language impairments. The IQs of younger siblings who did not consume milk postnatally were 10–56 points higher than the IQs of their older siblings with galactosaemia who had consumed milk postnatally. However, 4 of 5 younger siblings who were lactose‐restricted from birth had language impairments. Typically‐reported risk factors for language disorder, including parental history of speech/learning problems and low parental education level, were not significantly associated with cognitive or language impairments in the present sample of children with galactosaemia.ConclusionsChildren with galactosaemia and speech disorders have a 4–6 times greater risk for language impairment than children with early speech disorders of unknown origin. Early dietary lactose may increase the risk for cognitive and language impairments; however, the lack of significant associations of language impairment with days of milk consumption, and other familial and educational risk factors, is consistent with prenatal causation.
Ceramide inhibits CCN2 expression in fibroblasts
Authors: Kennedy Laura , Parapuram Sunil , Greenspoon Jill , Leask Andrew 
Published: July 2008

AbstractConnective tissue growth factor (CTGF, CCN2) is induced in response to TGFβ in fibroblasts. In this report, we show that C2 ceramide reduced the ability of TGFβ to induce CCN2 protein, mRNA and promoter activity in fibroblasts. C2 ceramide reduced the ability of TGFβ to induce the generic Smad responsive promoter/reporter construct SBE‐luciferase. These results suggest that C2 ceramide reduces the action of TGFβ in fibroblasts via Smad antagonism.
“Each for All and All for Each”: The Liberal Statesmanship of Frederick Douglass
Authors: Buccola Nicholas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMost scholars agree that Frederick Douglass was a liberal—he was committed to individual rights, toleration, limited government, and self-reliance. Wilson Carey McWilliams deviated from this view by suggesting that Douglass's experience as a slave led him to appreciate human interdependence and reject liberalism in favor of fraternal communitarianism. In this essay, Douglass's response to the problem of slavery is examined in order to demonstrate that both the liberal and the fraternal readings are correct. Douglass's aims were undoubtedly liberal, but he thought these aims could only be realized in a community of individuals who felt strong obligations to one another. As a statesman, Douglass was confronted with the challenge of convincing free people that they ought to care about those who are enslaved. My aim here is to explore how he met that challenge and with what consequences for how we think about liberal statesmanship.
Do we need the ‘archaeology of Europe’?
Authors: Kristiansen Kristian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIs there anything coherently ‘European’ about a European archaeology – or rather, about the ‘archaeology of Europe’ – or is it simply a modern political construct with no meaning in the ancient past? This paper analyses European archaeology through a historical perspective, tracing developments in the areas of archaeological conservation (heritage), thinking (theory/interpretations) and publication and teaching. It critically examines a perceived trend in archaeology from a national towards a European framework, and concludes instead that local and regional frameworks have become stronger in all three areas. To move forward, we should use our understanding of the relationship between ideology, politics and archaeology to promote a research agenda that actively contributes to the formation of critical knowledge about the conditions for heritage and research in contemporary society. There is scope for an archaeology that addresses fundamental historical problems and long-term histories of the various geographically and culturally interlinked regions of Europe.
ENERGY OF GLOBAL FRAMES
Authors: BRITO FABIANO G. B. , CHACÓN PABLO M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe energy of a unit vector field X on a closed Riemannian manifold M is defined as the energy of the section into T1M determined by X. For odd-dimensional spheres, the energy functional has an infimum for each dimension 2k+1 which is not attained by any non-singular vector field for k>1. For k=1, Hopf vector fields are the unique minima. In this paper we show that for any closed Riemannian manifold, the energy of a frame defined on the manifold, possibly except on a finite subset, admits a lower bound in terms of the total scalar curvature of the manifold. In particular, for odd-dimensional spheres this lower bound is attained by a family of frames defined on the sphere minus one point and consisting of vector fields parallel along geodesics.
TRANSVERSAL HARMONIC THEORY FOR TRANSVERSALLY SYMPLECTIC FLOWS
Authors: PAK HONG KYUNG 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe develop the transversal harmonic theory for a transversally symplectic flow on a manifold and establish the transversal hard Lefschetz theorem. Our main results extend the cases for a contact manifold (H. Kitahara and H. K. Pak, ‘A note on harmonic forms on a compact manifold’, Kyungpook Math. J.43 (2003), 1–10) and for an almost cosymplectic manifold (R. Ibanez, ‘Harmonic cohomology classes of almost cosymplectic manifolds’, Michigan Math. J.44 (1997), 183–199). For the point foliation these are the results obtained by Brylinski (‘A differential complex for Poisson manifold’, J. Differential Geom.28 (1988), 93–114), Haller (‘Harmonic cohomology of symplectic manifolds’, Adv. Math.180 (2003), 87–103), Mathieu (‘Harmonic cohomology classes of symplectic manifolds’, Comment. Math. Helv.70 (1995), 1–9) and Yan (‘Hodge structure on symplectic manifolds’, Adv. Math.120 (1996), 143–154).
THE SPECTRAL TYPE OF SUMS OF OPERATORS ON NON-HILBERTIAN BANACH LATTICES
Authors: DOUST IAN , LANCIEN GILLES 
Published: July 2008

AbstractT. A. Gillespie showed that on a Hilbert space the sum of a well-bounded operator and a commuting real scalar-type spectral operator is well-bounded. A longstanding question asked whether this might still hold true for operators on Lp spaces for $1\less p\less \infty $. We show here that this conjecture is false. Indeed for a large class of reflexive spaces, the above property characterizes Hilbert space.
REGULARITY OF A PARABOLIC EQUATION SOLUTION IN A NONSMOOTH AND UNBOUNDED DOMAIN
Authors: SADALLAH BOUBAKER-KHALED 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis work is concerned with the problemposed in the domainwhich is not necessary rectangular, and withOur goal is to find some conditions on the coefficientcand the functions ( φi)i=1,2such that the solution of this problem belongs to the Sobolev space
THREE-FORMS AND ALMOST COMPLEX STRUCTURES ON SIX-DIMENSIONAL MANIFOLDS
Authors: PANÁK MARTIN , VANŽURA JIŘÍ 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with 3-forms on six-dimensional manifolds, the first dimension where the classification of 3-forms is not trivial. It includes three classes of multisymplectic 3-forms. We study the class which is closely related to almost complex structures.
WAR, SOLDIER AND NATION IN 1950s JAPAN
Authors: Wilson Sandra 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe 1950s in Japan are usually considered to be marked by pacifism or a “victim consciousness” related to World War II, together with a rejection of war and of the military. Yet attention to the popular press and other sources designed to reflect and appeal to a mass audience, rather than magazines carrying debates among intellectuals, shows that throughout the 1950s the recent war was a much more dynamic issue than typically has been recognized, and that former soldiers were far from universally reviled. Connections with the war, in turn, remained an integral part of the evolving sense of nation in Japan. This article examines the vitality of the war as a major and direct theme in political, social and cultural discourse in the 1950s, focusing on soldiers' involvement in politics, issues relating to Class B and C war criminals, films about the war, and the emergence of a new cultural hero in the form of Kaji, the soldier who is the central figure in the novel and film The Human Condition.
PERFORMING IDENTITIES: TWO CHINESE RITES IN SOUTHERN THAILAND
Authors: Hamilton Annette 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe cults and ritual practices of the Sino-Thai communities of southern Thailand are a distinctive aspect of a region in which Chinese heritage has a high degree of social significance. Chinese came to the Malay Peninsula in several waves; many settlers arrived as early as the sixteenth century, and others flooded into the region to work in tin-mines and rubber plantations in the nineteenth century. Although now “Thai” in many respects, the descendants of Chinese immigrants in the south retain a distinctive identity, visibly expressed in the annual ritual cycle focused on specific rites and temples. These events provide a sense of connection to ancestral origins, but also make important statements about the contemporary position of Chinese descendants in a complex multiracial context. Tourism, both national and transnational, has played an important role in the expansion of ritual performance. During the capitalist boom years of the 1990s, elements of Chinese identity became a valued social marker in Thailand and some aspects of the southern cultural and ritual practices were adopted more widely, although most of the Sino-Thai descendants outside the south had little or no understanding of the origins or meaning of the practices. This paper examines rites performed annually in two southern Thai towns, investigating how they reflect complex negotiations of ethnic identity vis-à-vis national and regional contexts.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SILVER CURRENCY IN KYOTO
Authors: Nakajima Keiichi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe discovery in 1526 of the Iwami Ōmori silver deposits enabled Japan to become, by the 1540s, China's largest supplier of silver. This status was surpassed only in the 1570s, when large amounts of South American silver began to be delivered to southeast China via Manila. Despite the popularity of silver in the conduct of foreign trade, until the end of the sixteenth century it rarely played a part in Japanese domestic transactions. Even in Kyoto, capital of medieval Japan, it was gold, not silver, that was used for gifts and remittances. When for political reasons the Mōri clan donated the Ōmori silver mine to the court and Muromachi Bakufu, the flow of silver into Kyoto commenced in earnest. During the late 1560s gold assumed the characteristics of a fully functional currency, a development that paved the way for silver too, by the end of that decade, to become a major form of currency for domestic transactions involving imported items. During the 1570s usage of silver expanded to include other types of transactions. The 1580s and 1590s witnessed its firm establishment as currency, thus laying the foundation for the role of Kyoto in the early modern sphere of silver currency usage.
Annexin‐A1: a pivotal regulator of the innate and adaptive immune systems
Authors: D'Acquisto F , Perretti M , Flower R J 
Published: July 2008

The glucocorticoids are the most potent anti‐inflammatory drugs that we possess and are effective in a wide variety of diseases. Although their action is known to involve receptor mediated changes in gene transcription, the exact mechanisms whereby these bring about their pleiotropic action in inflammation are yet to be totally understood. Whilst many different genes are regulated by the glucocorticoids, we have identified one particular protein—annexin A1 (Anx‐A1)—whose synthesis and release is strongly regulated by the glucocorticoids in many cell types. The biology of this protein, as revealed by studies using transgenic animals, peptide mimetics and neutralizing antibodies, speaks to its role as a key modulator of both of the innate and adaptive immune systems. The mechanism whereby this protein exerts its effects is likely to be through the FPR receptor family—a hitherto rather enigmatic family of G protein coupled receptors, which are increasingly implicated in the regulation of many inflammatory processes. Here we review some of the key findings that have led up to the elucidation of this key pathway in inflammatory resolution.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 155, 152–169; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.252; published online 21 July 2008
Investigation of Debio 025, a cyclophilin inhibitor, in the dystrophicmdxmouse, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Reutenauer J , Dorchies O M , Patthey‐Vuadens O , Vuagniaux G , Ruegg U T 
Published: July 2008

Background and purpose:Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle wasting disorder caused by the absence of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. This leads to muscle cell death accompanied by chronic inflammation. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressive drug, which has been proposed for DMD treatment. CsA also directly regulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), which participates in cell death pathways through the inhibition of cyclophilin D. Here, we evaluated whether Debio 025, a cyclophilin inhibitor with no immunosuppressive activity, improves the dystrophic condition in a mouse model of DMD, through regulation of mPTP.Experimental approach:The potency of Debio 025 to protect mouse dystrophic cells against mitochondria‐mediated death was assessed by caspase‐3 activity and calcium retention capacity assays.Mdx5Cvmice (3‐week‐old) were treated daily by gavage for 2 weeks with Debio 025 (10, 30 or 100 mg kg−1), CsA (10 mg kg−1) or placebo. The effects on muscle necrosis and function were measured.Key results:In vitroinvestigations showed protective effect of low concentrations of Debio 025 against cell death. Histology demonstrated that Debio 025 partially protected the diaphragm and soleus muscles against necrosis (10 and 100 mg kg−1, respectively). Hindlimb muscles from mice receiving Debio 025 at 10 mg kg−1relaxed faster, showed alteration in the stimulation frequency‐dependent recruitment of muscle fibres and displayed a higher resistance to mechanical stress.Conclusions and implications:Debio 025 partially improved the structure and the function of the dystrophic mouse muscle, suggesting that therapies targeting the mPTP may be helpful to DMD patients.British Journal of Pharmacology(2008)155, 574–584; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.285; published online 21 July 2008