bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference of ocular injury by millimeter wave exposure with different frequency
Authors: KOJIMA M , YAMASHIRO Y , SASAKI H , SASAKI K 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The validity of the safety standard (10‐300 GHz 10 W/m2 in public, ICNIRP) of a wide‐ranging quasi‐ and millimeter‐ wave was examined from ocular temperature changes during exposure and ocular injury after exposure. Methods: Pigmented rabbits were exposed unilaterally to 18, 22, 26.5, 35, 40 GHz quasi‐ and millimeter‐wave with a lens antenna for 3 minutes. The focused beam was exposed to the center of the rabbit cornea. Ocular temperature changes (cornea, lens, vitreous, retrobulbar) during a 3 min. exposure were measured with a Fluoroptic thermometer and corneal surface temperature was measured with a thermography camera. For evaluating ocular injury, a rabbit was exposed to one frequency (18, 22, 26.5, 35, 40, 60 GHz) with 800, 1500, 3000 mW/cm2 for 6 min. Ocular changes were evaluated by slit lamp and ocular inflammation was measured by laser flare meter immediately after and 1 day after exposure. Enucleated lens was observed with lens epithelial cell flat mounting. Results: Cornea and lens temperature rise were detected by exposure with all examined frequencies. The highest ocular and corneal surface temperature was 40 GHz, followed by 35, 22 and 18 (almost the same), and the lowest was 26.5 GHz. Ocular injury by 800 mW/cm2 for 6 min. exposure was seen only with 40 GHz. Miosis and iris vasodilation were seen immediately after exposure, and corneal epithelial defect at the center of the cornea and corneal opacity were seen one day after exposure. 40 GHz 3000 mW/cm2 for 6 min. exposure developed cornea and lens opacity. But the same dose of 60 GHz exposure showed only corneal opacity. Conclusions: It was suggested that thermal and biological reactions differed according to frequency.
Acute effects of the sigma‐2 receptor agonist siramesine on lens epithelial cells
Authors: KARLSSON JO , JONHEDE S , PETERSEN A , ZETTERBERG M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Experiments were carried out to study the effects of siramesine on markers for apoptosis, oxidative damage and mitochondrial function in primary cultures of human lens epithelial cells (HLEC). Methods: HLEC were incubated with 25 μM siramesine for 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 hours. Caspase‐3 was assayed in cell extracts with DEVD‐AMC. Mitochondrial depolarization was assayed with JC‐1. Peroxide production was studied with DCF‐DA and superoxide levels with hydroethidium. Glutathione levels were assayed with monochlorobimane. Results: Siramesine induced a significant increase of caspase‐3 activity after 6h exposure to 25 μM siramesine. Nuclear morphology examined with Hoechst 33342 showed signs of apoptosis after the same time intervals. A significant increase in the production of peroxide and superoxide were found up to 4 ‐8 hours after administration of siramesine. Conclusions: Siramesine, a piperidine analogue, was developed for the treatment of psychiatric disorders and is considered to be relatively nontoxic. This study, and others, indicate effects on cell growth, apoptosis and production of ROS. The sigma‐2 receptor may be a regulator of HLEC growth and apoptosis.
Menstrual cycle influences ocular surface parameters in normal and dry eye patients
Authors: VERSURA P , PROFAZIO V , COSLOVI C , CAMPOS EC 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: We analyzed the changes of ocular surface parameters and symptoms in healthy and dry eye women over the menstrual cycle. To our knowledge, incomplete reports appear in the literature on this issue in healthy women still in the fertile period, and none on dry eye women of the same age. This to comparatively evaluate what then happens in peri‐ and post‐menopause. Methods: 29 females in the fertile age and a regular 26‐29 days menstrual cycle were included in the study. 14 subjects with and 15 without dry eye symptoms. Symptoms were scored by the validate questionnaire OSDI. Degree of dryness was evaluated with the Schirmer test I, Jones test, BUT, Ferning test, Tear Function Index (TFI) and conjunctival imprint cytology. Degree of inflammation was evaluated with conjunctival brush cytology and dosage of exudated serum albumin in tears. Hormonal cytology procedures were applied to exfoliated cells in tears. Patients were analysed during menstruation, in the follicular and in luteal phases over two consecutive cycles and results were statistically evaluated Results: TFI, tear stability, surface dryness and inflammation were significantly related to the hormonal fluctuations in menstrual cycle, in particular to the estrogen peak occurring during the follicular phase, especially in dry eye patients. Subjective symptoms appeared to increase in the luteal phase, suggesting the presence of a pre‐menstrual syndrome Conclusions: The ocular surface is confirmed to be dependent from hormonal variations; clinicians would take into account these cyclic variations during the examinations of subjects still in the fertile age, with dryness symptoms
Corneal graft endothelial viability assessment using the triple labeling Hoechst/Ethidium homodimer/Calcein‐AM: technical improvements usind 3D microscopy
Authors: THURET G , PIPPARELLI A , DUBAND S , PISELLI S , MURAINE M , PEOC'H M , ACQUART S , ZHAO M , PRADES JM , GAIN PG 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: A reliable viability test for corneal endothelium is necessary for the assessment of new processes likely to affect it (storage media, lamellar cutting methods...). Aim: to improve the classical calcein‐AM (C)/Ethidium homodimer (E) double staining (live/dead assay) by adding Hoechst and by using a 3D microscope and image analysis that allow a quantitative assessment on the whole endothelium. As an example of application, the assessment of the actual endothelial viability immediately before graft is given. Methods: The endothelial side was incubated 45 min at 31°C with 200 μL of C (2μM), E (5μM), H (10μM). After flat mount, images of the whole endothelial area (81mm²) were taken using a microscope equipped with a motorized stage (IX81, Olympus) and a x4 objective. Z stacks were taken and an extended focal imaging algorithm allowed taking account of corneal folds. Endothelial cell density (ECD) and mortality were determined by automatic counting of H+ and E+ nuclei. Area of C+ cells was measured. Results: This upgraded staining on the whole endothelium allowed the exhaustive assessment of ECD, cell mortality and metabolic activity. On corneas immediately before graft, it highlighted a dramatic lower number of viable cells than expected with the routine assessment of ECD only, done 48H before graft in the eye bank. Conclusions: The triple HEC staining takes account of the heterogeneous pattern of lesions within the whole endothelial layer and is therefore far less biased than assessment done on small cell samples. Its use improves the assessment of all new processes likely to affect the endothelium ex vivo.
Improving glaucoma diagnosis by the combination of structural and functional measurements
Authors: SKORKOVSKA SS , MICHALEK JM 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine, whether an appropriate combination of the structural and functional examination methods can improve the diagnosis and follow‐up of glaucoma. Methods: One randomly selected eye of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) with none or early glaucomatous visual field loss and age‐matched healthy persons were included in the prospective longitudinal study. Structural evaluation was conducted using Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss scoring according to Airaksinen method. Functional evaluation were reviewed by means of standard white‐on white (W/W) perimetry and blue‐on yellow (B/Y)perimetry. Linear discriminant analysis were applied to assess the diagnostic value of different data. The accuracy of discrimination was described and visualized by the Receiver Operating Characteristics Curves (ROC). Results: There were statistically significant differences between healthy and glaucomatous group in the scoring of RNFL loss, HRT parameters (CA,CD,RD,RV,CSM) and W/W perimetry. Parameters with the highest diagnostic ability obtained by ROC curves were scoring of RNFL loss. Conclusions: There were statistically significant differences between healthy and glaucomatous group in the scoring of RNFL loss, HRT parameters (CA,CD,RD,RV,CSM) and W/W perimetry. Parameters with the highest diagnostic ability obtained by ROC curves were scoring of RNFL loss.Supported by IGA NR‐8371
Harry Moss Traquair (1875‐1954) – Scottish ophthalmologist and perimetrist
Authors: GRZYBOWSKI A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the study was to1 analyze the medical achievements of Harry Moss Traquair and2.collect all available informations concerning his family and privat life for a future biography. Methods: Typical for the study in the field of the history of science. Results: Harry Moss Traquair (1875‐1954) was a Scottish ophthalmologist, who devoted most of his professional life to made important contributions to our understanding of visual field studies. His fundamental work An Introduction to clinical perimetry was for years the primary reference work for perimetry. Traquair carried out many carefully designed experiments concerning different aspects of visual field testing, including working distance, test‐objects, movement of test‐objects, illumination, and background. He also contributed detailed recommendations and standards for clinical perimetry in ophthalmology and neurology. He introduced, as well, definitions for some scotomata, which were used for years in the ophthalmic literature. The junction scotoma, often named the Traquair scotoma or the Traquair junction scotoma, is this term used to describe a unilateral temporal visual field defect and is named for the pathology of the ipsilateral optic nerve where it joins the chiasm. Traquair also devoted much work to phenomena which are not considered important any longer, such as baring of the blind spot in glaucoma and visual field defects in tobacco toxic amblyopia. He was an accomplished eye surgeon and had a special interest in dacryocystorhinostomy. Conclusions: Traquair was a strong advocate of the benefits of visual field testing in ophthalmology and neurology. But most of all, we will remember him as the scholar who taught that “perimetry is not done by the perimeter but by the perimetrist.“
Genotype–phenotype correlation in AMD: The influence of complement factor H polymorphism
Authors: MANTEL I , DROZ I , AMBRESIN A , SCHORDERET D , MUNIER F 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Complement factor H (CFH) Y402H SNP rs1063170 shows strong association with AMD.Phenotypical concordance of AMD is known from sibling and twin studies. Studies about genotype‐phenotype associations showed inconsistent results. This study investigates the association of CFH Y402H SNP with AMD in a Swiss population, and the genotype‐phenotype association, particularly in early stages of AMD. Methods: A total of 473 AMD patients and 69 control individuals were enrolled. Colour fundus photographs were graded according to the International Classification and Grading System for AMD. The SNP rs1063170 was evaluated for each patient. Statistical analysis was restricted to individuals with complete clinical data (420 AMD cases and 50 controls). Results: An OR of 3.0 was found for the presence of at least one risk C‐allele, and OR 9.3 for the homozygous genotype. Individuals over the mean age of 76y and homozygous for the risk‐allele C showed more frequently late forms of AMD. No phenotypic association was found for drusen size, drusen covered surface, drusen localisation nasal to the disc, and pigmentary changes. A trend for central drusen location was found in patients homozygous for the risk allele C [p=0.051]. Peripheral drusen were significantly more frequent in individuals with the risk allele C, particularly if homozygous [p=0.027]. Conclusions: This study confirms the risk association of the CFH Y402H polymorphism with AMD for the Swiss population. A genotype‐phenotype association could be found for early forms of AMD, however only for some drusen features. Additional genetic factors are likely to influence the drusen phenotype. Further careful research is needed to better understand the genetic influence on AMD phenotypes.
Microbiological culture and universal PCR yield after intravitreal injection of antibiotics in acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery
Authors: VINH V , PALOMBI K , CREUZOT‐GARCHER C , BRON AM , CORNUT PL , THURET G , ROMANET JP , BENITO Y , VANDENESCH F , CHIQUET C 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To isolate bacteria after intravitreal antibiotic injection in acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, using cultures and eubacterial PCR. Methods: We prospectively enrolled in a multicenter study 100 eyes of 100 patients (2004‐2005) presenting an acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery. Aqueous humor samples were collected before and after one intravitreal antibiotic injection (vancomycin and ceftazidim) for 53 patients while 19 patients underwent a vitreous tap before and after intravitreal antibiotic injections. Microbiological identification was performed using BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) medium and eubacterial PCR. Results: In aqueous humor, microbiological cultures associated with eubacterial PCR identified a bacterium in 26.4% of cases after intravitreal antibiotherapy. Positive cultures before treatment became negative after antibiotic treatment in 33% whereas initial positive PCR before became negative after antibiotic treatment in 35%. However PCR allowed the recognition of previously unidentified bacteria after antibiotic injections in 8% of patients.In vitreous samples, a bacterium was identified in 70% of cases before and in 81.2% after intravitreal injection. After antibiotic injection, initially positive cultures and PCR became negative in 90% and 7% of cases, respectively. Conclusions: A single intravitreal antibiotic injection is not sufficient to eradicate the pathogens responsible for acute post operative endophthalmitis. Eubacterial PCR is useful for the microbiological identification in vitreous samples after intravitreal injections of antibiotics.
Placental growth factor (PlGF) inhibition reduces choroidal neovascularization in a mouse model for age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: VAN DE VEIRE S , MOONS G , VINORES SA , CARMELIET P , STALMANS I 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate whether and through which mechanism PlGF blockage can inhibit choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a mouse model of age‐related macular degeneration (ARMD). Methods: CNV was induced in mice by placing 3 Argon laser burns on the choroid. In a first experiment we compared CNV formation between PlGF knock‐out and wild type mice. Secondly, 144 wild‐type mice were injected every 2 days with 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg of either an anti‐PlGF‐antibody, an anti‐VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR2) antibody or an irrelevant control antibody. The CNV lesions were evaluated on histological cross‐sections. The amount of endothelial cells, pericytes and inflammatory cells in the lesions were morphometrically analyzed after immunostaining for CD31, smooth muscle alpha‐actin and F4/80 respectively. Results: CNV formation was significantly reduced in the PlGF knockout mice. The dose‐response experiment showed that the 20 mg/kg dose of anti‐PlGF significantly reduced the number of vessels in the lesions as compared to control antibody (p= 0.045), although less than a comparable dose of anti‐VEGFR2 (p=0.027). Moreover, smooth muscle cell coverage was significantly increased in the anti‐PlGF treated (p=0.04) and reduced in the anti‐VEGFR2 treated mice (p=0.03) as compared to control mice. Finally, a significant reduction in number of inflammatory cells was observed in the lesions treated with anti‐PlGF (p=0.017) but not in the anti‐VEGFR2 treated mice (p=0.33). Conclusions: Anti‐PlGF treatment inhibits CNV formation in a mouse model for ARMD. Both anti‐PlGF and anti‐VEGFR2 impair capillary growth, but in contrary to VEGFR2 blockage, anti‐PlGF also reduces inflammation and promotes vessel maturation.
Relationship between visual acuity, visual evoked patterned potentials done at different spatial frequencies and fundus findings in more than 100 Cerebral Visual Impairment affected subjects
Authors: RUBERTO G , BERTONE C , ANTONINI M , SIGNORINI S , ANGELI R , LUPARIA A , FAZZI E , PEZZOTTA S , TINELLI C , BIANCHI PE 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To analyze relationship between visual acuity (VA), visual evoked patterned potentials (VEP) and fundus state of the optic disk in children diagnosed by MR as cerebral visual impaired (CVI). Methods: Full clinical examinations, including Teller Acuity Cards (TAC) and/or optotype for decimal visual acuity, VEP and fundus optic disk findings , were done in 107 CVI affected infants (mean age 7,9±6). TAC were administered at spatial frequencies ranging from 0.23 to 38 cycles/degrees, at a distance varying from 84 to 55 cm. VEPs were recorded at Oz, O1, O2, referenced to Fz. Five black and white checks sizes, 300’,120’,60’,30’,15’, were presented. At least two spatial frequencies were performed depending upon the visual function. Statistical analysis: means and standard deviations were presented, correlation between VA and VEP, and association between optic disk features and VA were made. Results: Mean VA in decimal, was 3.55, ranging from 1.5 (p 25)to 4.8 (p 75). Percent success in TAC responses was 75. Mean VEP latencies in Oz varied from 112 ( 15’) to 105,9 ( 300’). Mean amplitudes varied from 18,8 ( 15’) to 22,3 (300’). VEP percent success was 77.6. A negative correlation coefficient ( r ) was found between VA and larger checks . A weak association was found between VA, VEP and optic disk features. Conclusions: Behavioural and objective tests correlate at different levels with fundus findings in CVI affected children, and are both useful in their follow‐up.
Unusual recurrent orbital tumour
Authors: IRION LD , BONSHEK RE , ATAULLAH S , LEATHERBARROW B , MCKEAG D , FERNANDO B 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: We present a case of an unusual CD34+ recurrent orbital tumour. Methods: A 62‐year‐old male presented with progressive left proptosis and preserved visual acuity. CT scans showed a circumscribed mass at the inferomedial orbit. After incisional biopsy, the patient preferred conservative treatment and the lesion was debulked. Further debulking was necessary in other two occasions. With radiological signs of bone invasion, left orbital exenteration was agreed in the fourth relapse. Results: The lid skin sparing exenteration revealed a tumour mass (45 x 29 x 27 mm) in the inferomedial orbit. There was no evidence of invasion of either the globe or the optic nerve. In all occasions, the tumour consisted of spindle cells alternating vague storiform areas with patternless areas. The tumour was very cellular, showed low mitotic count and no necrosis or ulceration. There was focal invasion of fibrous tissue, extra‐ocular muscle, fat and bony fragments. The tumour was diffusely and consistently positive for CD34, S100 and vimentin. EMA and CD99 were focally positive. Several other markers were negative. This slow growing lesion with low grade histological appearance and EM suggestive of Schwannian processes was diagnosed as a CD34 positive Schwannoma on the first debulking. In the next two recurrences, experts agreed with a diagnosis of a DFSP based on the diffuse positivity for CD34. In the exenteration specimen, due to the exceptional location of the presumable DFSP, this diagnosis was disputed and after EM and further reviews the case was concluded as variant of low grade MPNST. Conclusions: The consistent positivity for CD34 in our case has lead to diagnostic disagreement. Only after the fourth recurrence the final diagnosis of a CD34 positive low grade PNST could be made.
Meningeal carcinomatosis ‐ a hidden cause of bilateral visual loss
Authors: HENC‐PETRINOVIC LJ , JURIC A , VUKAS D , PETRINOVIC‐DORESIC J 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To present an unusual case of meningeal spreading of breast carcinoma causing bilateral blindness. Methods: Diagnostic methods: cranial CT and MR, ophthalmic echography, perimetry, visual evoked potentials, and liquor analysis. Results: The 50‐years old woman experienced gradual visual loss of her left, better eye while her right eye was amblyopic. Two and a half year ago her left breast was removed due to carcinoma with consecutive irradiation and chemotherapy. Bilateral optic disc oedema hyperemic on the right eye and pale on the left eye was found with reduced visual acuity and constricted visual field on both eyes. Cranial CT and conventional MR were negative. Visual evoked responses of the right eye showed reduced amplitude of P100 wave with normal latency while it was prolonged on the left eye. Echography confirmed optic nerve oedema. First presumption was anterior ischemic opticoneuropathy, but corticosteroid therapy was unsuccessful. Further deterioration and severe headaches were the indication for cerebrospinal liquor analysis. Carcinomatous cells were found and the diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis proven. Chemotherapy was suggested (BCNV+Platimit) in five cycles followed by Xeloda in 17 cycles. Two and a half year after the initiation of chemotherapy it was ceased and the patient died a month later. Conclusions: Imaging methods alone were not sufficient to reveal the unusual way of spreading of the breast carcinoma, being the cause of bilateral blindness. It could be presumed that early chemotherapy and irradiation suppressed the carcinomatous proliferation to the other sites, but not intracranially. Survival of our patient for three years after positive liquor finding is exceptional.
Amniotic membrane preservation in RPMI‐1640 medium – 5 years experience
Authors: ASOKLIS R , BUTKIENE L , JUODKAITE G , MAKSELIS A , MONTVILAITE D 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Present amniotic membrane preservation method using RPMI‐1640 medium and brief analysis of performed surgeries. Methods: Amniotic memmbrane preservation and transplantation surgeries in Vilnius University Hospital Center of eye Diseases was started at the end of 2001. Till the June 2007 amniotic membrane was prepared from 5 placentas obtained during the caesarean delivery. The essence of the preparation of the amniotic membrane was as described by H.Dua and other authors. However, because of the supply disturbances in our hospital instead of the traditional mediums we used RPMI‐1640 medium. Before the cuting amniotic membrane to a small pieces we put the whole membrane in RPMI‐1640 medium with high concentration of antibiotics and antifungals and stored in +5ºC temperature for 24 hours. After that amniotic membrane we put on paper cut to small peaces and stored in RPMI‐1640 medium and glicerol in ‐ 80°C. Results: Before the surgery amniotic membrane was warmed in room temperature. No damage of the structure was observed. Hystopathological slides of membrane samples were performed. Preservation medium specimens for microbiological investigation were taken. From all 5 placentas series no growth was observed. Amniotic membrane was used during 179 ocular surface surgeries. Conclusions: 1. RPMI‐1640 medium can be successfully used for amniotic membrane preservation. 2. Before final frosting in ‐ 80°C, 24 hours in high concentration of antibiotics and antifungals can guaranty high impregnation of amniotic membrane with antimicrobial medication. 3. After preservation in RPMI‐ 1640 medium amniotic membrane retains it appearance, clarity and physical durability.