bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐evaluating the Harbinson Proposal – Prospects for the EU25: A Note
Authors: Philippidis G. , Hubbard L. J. , Renwick A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this study, we use the Harbinson Proposal and July Framework to compare a ‘likely’ Doha scenario with a realistic baseline. The novelty of this study is that we focus exclusively on the trade‐led welfare impacts in selected EU member states. The important features of this note are the: (i) usage of the latest Global Trade Analysis Project (version 6) data; (ii) focus on EU25 regions incorporating all major Common Agricultural Policy instruments and reforms; and (iii) inclusion of binding tariff overhangs into the Harbinson tariff reductions. Results show the damping effects of tariff‐binding overhangs on welfare outcomes. This and other factors which limit the gains to liberalisation mean that the EU25 only realises 10% of its long‐run welfare gain potential, as defined by complete liberalisation.
The Utilisation of Trade Preferences for Developing Countries in the Agri‐food Sector
Authors: Bureau Jean‐Christophe , Chakir Raja , Gallezot Jacques 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBoth the European Union and the United States grant non‐reciprocal preferences to developing countries under the Generalised System of Preferences as well as under several regional schemes. The benefits of these preferences have recently been questioned. Several authors have pointed out the under‐utilisation of these preferences due to the constraints attached. There have been claims that rules of origin requirements and administrative costs, as well as uncertainty on eventual eligibility, have deterred exporters from using preferential regimes. We calculate various indicators of the utilisation of preferences in the agricultural, food and fisheries sector. We conclude that only a very small proportion of the imports eligible for these preferences is actually exported outside a preferential regime. The rate of utilisation is therefore high. However, the flow of imports from the poorest countries remains very limited in spite of rather generous tariff preferences, which leads to questions over the overall impact of the preferential agreements. In addition, preferential regimes overlap, and in such cases some regimes are systematically preferred to others. We use econometric estimates of the (latent) cost of using a given preference to explain why particular regimes are used. We focus on possible explanations, such as the cumulation rules (that restrict the use of materials originating from other countries), fixed administrative costs and differences in the preferential margin.
A Conjoint/Logit Analysis of Consumers’ Responses to Genetically Modified Tofu in Taiwan
Authors: Jan Man‐ser , Fu Tsu‐tan , Huang Chung L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe use data collected from a consumer survey of face‐to‐face interviews to determine consumer demand for genetically modified (GM) tofu attributes in Taiwan. Conjoint analysis using logit models reveals that, on average, brand is the most important attribute in terms of influence on consumers’ preferences, followed by price, with GM content having the least influence. However, the analysis also reveals three distinct market segments for tofu. Apart from the largest segment (which reflects the average lack of concern about GM food), the remaining two segments are split according to their preference or antipathy towards GM tofu. This result suggests that GM labelling is helpful to Taiwanese tofu consumers.
Report of the Editor‐in‐Chief
Authors: Harvey David 
Published: May 2007

Abstract2006 has been a year of consolidation for the Journal, as the first full year under editorial management at Newcastle using Manuscript Central by ©ScholarOne, and of the availability of our on‐line archive through Blackwell Synergy. We have made very substantial progress in reducing our turnround time during 2006, while our performance according to the citation impact factor for 2005 has also improved since the previous year. Submissions remain strong, though there may be signs that our rejection rate is increasing slightly. Plans are proceeding for the digitisation of our full archive since 1926 for inclusion in the on‐line archive.
On‐Farm Conservation of Rice Biodiversity in Nepal: A Simultaneous Estimation Approach
Authors: Dusen Eric Van , Gauchan D. , Smale M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents an empirical case study about farmer management of rice genetic resources in two communities of Nepal, drawing on interdisciplinary, participatory research that involved farmers, rice geneticists and social scientists. The decision‐making process of farm households is modelled and estimated in order to provide information for the design of community‐based conservation programmes. A bivariate model with sample selection examines the simultaneous process of whether farmers decide to plant landraces or modern varieties, and whether the landraces they choose to plant constitute the genetic diversity of interest for future crop improvement. Findings show that the two landrace choices are affected by different social and economic factors, but in certain cases the decision processes are interrelated. Policies to promote the conservation of local rice diversity will need to take both processes into account.
The Diagnosis and Management of Renovascular Disease: A Primary Care Perspective
Authors: Bloch Michael J. , Basile Jan 
Published: May 2007

Renovascular disease is a complex disorder, the most common causes of which are fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerotic disease. It usually presents in one of three forms: asymptomatic renal artery stenosis, renovascular hypertension, or ischemic nephropathy. This complexity often makes diagnostic and management decisions difficult. This review will be presented in two parts. In Part I, the authors will discuss when to consider and how to go about making the diagnosis. In Part II (in a future issue of The JCH), the authors discuss the management of renovascular disease. The clinical index of suspicion remains paramount in setting the diagnostic strategy. Although it is subject to certain limitations, conventional contrast angiography is usually considered the gold standard in confirming the diagnosis. In addition, there are a number of available noninvasive tests that can aid in decision making. These tests can be divided into those that detect the anatomic presence of a stenosis and those that identify the functional consequences of the renal artery obstruction. No one study is appropriate for every patient. A diagnostic algorithm is proposed at the conclusion of this review.
Oxcarbazepine—Efficacy and Tolerability During Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal: A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Multicenter Pilot Study
Authors: Koethe Dagmar , Juelicher Antje , Nolden Brit M. , Braunwarth Wolf‐Dietrich , Klosterkötter Joachim , Niklewski Günter , Wodarz Norbert , Klatt Jan , Burtscheidt Wilhelm , Gaebel Wolfgang , Markus Leweke F. 
Published: May 2007

Objective: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a serious complication of alcohol dependence and often requires intensive medical treatment. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been shown to be as efficacious in the treatment of AWS in several controlled trials as benzodiazepines and superior to placebo in relieving alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Oxcarbazepine (OXC), a newer anticonvulsive drug, has a favorable safety profile over carbamazepine (CBZ) and other older AEDs due to its excellent efficacy and better side‐effect profile.Methods: The efficacy and tolerability of OXC versus placebo were investigated in 50 inpatients during a 6‐day treatment of alcohol withdrawal in a 4‐site, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled pilot study. The amount of rescue medication of clomethiazole (CLO) capsules needed was chosen as the primary variable. The data were collected between May 2003 and September 2004.Results: No initial differences were found regarding sociodemographic data and alcohol‐related parameters, indicating successful randomization. No differences were found in the need for rescue medication CLO, decrease of withdrawal symptoms, or craving for alcohol between the OXC and the placebo group. Subjectively experienced side effects, normalization of vegetative parameters, craving, or improvement of psychopathological parameters were not different between the groups.Conclusion: Despite the negative finding, which may be attributable to the design of the study, OXC still poses an interesting alternative to CBZ and other drugs because other studies have found it not only as efficient but also as having no addictive potential, while additionally possessing an anti‐craving effect. Therefore, well‐designed investigations with larger cohorts are required to further elucidate this issue.
The independent contribution of neighborhood disadvantage and individual‐level socioeconomic position to self‐reported oral health: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Turrell Gavin , Sanders Anne E. , Slade Gary D. , Spencer A. John , Marcenes Wagner 
Published: May 2007

Abstract – Objectives: To examine the association between neighborhood disadvantage and individual‐level socioeconomic position (SEP) and self‐reported oral health.Methods: A population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted in 2003 among males and females aged 43–57 years. The sample comprised 2915 individuals and 60 neighborhoods and was selected using a stratified two‐stage cluster design. Data were collected using a mail survey (69.4% response rate). Neighborhood disadvantage was measured using a census‐based composite index, and individual‐level SEP was measured using education and household income. Oral health was indicated by self‐reports of the impact of oral conditions on quality of life (0 = none or minor, 1 = severe), self‐rated oral health (0 = excellent–good, 1 = fair/poor) and missing teeth (measured as a quantitative outcome). Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling.Results: After adjusting for age, sex, education, and household income, residents of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods were significantly more likely than those in more advantaged neighborhoods to indicate negative impacts of oral conditions on quality of life, to assess their oral health as fair or poor, and to report greater tooth loss. In addition, respondents with low levels of education and those from a low income household reported poorer oral health for each outcome independent of neighborhood disadvantage.Conclusions: The socioeconomic characteristics of neighborhoods are important for oral health over and above the socioeconomic characteristics of the people living in those neighborhoods. Policies and interventions to improve population oral health should be directed at the social, physical and infrastructural characteristics of places as well as individuals (i.e. the traditional target of intervention efforts).
Methodological assessment of behavioural problem dimensions in adults with dental fear
Authors: Elfström Magnus L. , Lundgren Jesper , Berggren Ulf 
Published: May 2007

Abstract –  Objectives:  In the assessment and treatment of persons with dental fear, there may be other psychological/behavioural factors than fear itself and traditional measures of psychopathology that should be considered. Longitudinal natural history studies are needed to find such variables. The present study investigated whether the same behavioural problem dimensions (internalizing, externalizing, attention) found among children and adolescents with behaviour management problems and/or dental fear could also be found among severely fearful adult patients.Methods:  The participants were 230 consecutive adult patients applying for treatment for severe dental anxiety at a specialized clinic. Patients completed a version of the Rutter behaviour questionnaire that was adapted for adults. Comparison data were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale and self‐rated anger evoked by dental fear. Background data, including dental fear, were also collected. Descriptive statistics, principal components analyses, group comparisons and correlations were calculated.Results:  Of the three behaviour problems scales we adapted for adults, two (Internalizing and Attention) had acceptable psychometric properties and meaningful relations with the comparison variables. In contrast, the third problem scale (Externalizing) proved to have less satisfactory properties and relations, especially for men. Patients with severe phobia had higher levels of problem behaviours than patients with less severe phobia.Conclusions:  Internalizing and Attention scales for adults seem promising for use in future prospective studies of the natural history of dental fear. The Externalizing scale, however, needs to be studied with a wider range of comparison variables and measures of social desirability.
Is coronally positioned flap procedure adjunct with enamel matrix derivative or root conditioning a relevant predictor for achieving root coverage? A systemic review
Authors: Cheng Y.‐F. , Chen J.‐W. , Lin S.‐J. , Lu H.‐K. 
Published: May 2007

Background and Objective:  This study is a systemic review of coronally positioned flap, coronally positioned flap + chemical root surface conditioning, or coronally positioned flap + enamel matrix derivative (EMD) for the treatment of Miller class I and II gingival recession.Material and Methods:  All studies available through the Medline database by the end of October 2005 were used. Each study provided mean clinical attachment level, keratinized tissue, probing pocket depth, gingival recession depth and root coverage percentage before and after treatment with coronally positioned flap alone, coronally positioned flap + chemical root surface conditioning , or coronally positioned flap + EMD. Effectiveness was evaluated by comparing the weighted mean average in gingival recession depth, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, keratinized tissue and root coverage percentage achieved with the three treatments.Results:  Seven studies for the coronally positioned flap + EMD group, four studies for the coronally positioned flap + chemical root surface conditioning group, and seven studies for the coronally positioned flap group were retrieved for this weighted mean analysis. The results of clinical attachment level, gingival recession depth, and root coverage percentage in the coronally positioned flap + EMD group were statistically significantly better than the changes in the coronally positioned flap and coronally positioned flap + chemical root surface conditioning group at 6 and 12 mo (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference at the 6‐mo comparison among clinical attachment level, keratinized tissue, probing pocket depth, and gingival recession depth, except in the root coverage percentage for coronally positioned flap and coronally positioned flap + chemical root surface conditioning groups.Conclusion:  The results suggest that root coverage by the coronally positioned flap and coronally positioned flap + chemical root surface conditioning procedures were unpredictable but became more predictable when the coronally positioned flap procedure was improved by the modification of adding EMD.
Denture loss: an 8‐month study in a community dental setting
Authors: Michaeli Leila , Davis David M. , Foxton Richard 
Published: May 2007

Objective:  Lost dentures can be a frustrating scenario for both patients and clinicians. This study aimed to find out where dentures were being lost and the level of assistance patients received with denture care.Results:  The results showed most dentures were lost in the hospital environment, and in many cases patients were not provided with pots in which to store their dentures or offered help or advice on denture care. The provision of new dentures to this patient group is complicated by the fact that in many cases the dentures were over ten years old and many of the patients were over eighty five years old. This makes adaptation to new dentures difficult.Conclusions:  It is imperative that protocols are developed and staff trained to minimise the risk of lost dentures and improve the standard of denture care.
Electromyographic evaluation of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles in rest position of edentulous patients with temporomandibular disorders, before and after using complete dentures with sliding plates
Authors: Zuccolotto Maria Cristina Candelas , Vitti Mathias , Nóbilo Krunislave Antônio , Regalo Simone Cecílio Hallak , Siéssere Selma , Bataglion César 
Published: May 2007

Objectives:  This study was performed with the purpose of investigating electromyographic (EMG) activity of the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles in edentulous individuals with temporomandibular disorder (TMD), before and after using sliding plates on complete dentures in the mandibular rest position.Background:  Edentulous patients may present TMD, which is characterised by pain in temporomandibular joints, masticatory and neck muscles, uncoordinated and limited mandible movements, joint sounds and an altered occlusal relationship. It is imperative to offer treatment in order to re‐establish stomatognathic system structures before submitting the individual to any definitive restorative treatment.Materials and methods:  The patients were edentulous for at least 10 years. EMG recordings were made before the insertion of the dentures (0 months) and also after using the sliding plates at the fourth month, 9th month and 12th month, using computerised electromyography K6‐I/ EMG Light Channel Surface. EMG evaluations of the muscles were performed under the following clinical conditions: rest position with dentures (R1), rest position without dentures (R2), rest position with dentures post‐activity (chewing) (R3), rest position without dentures post‐activity (chewing) (R4).Results:  All patients obtained remission of muscular fatigue and reduced pain in stomatognathic system structures. Temporalis muscle showed significant increase in EMG activity compared with initial values (p < 0.01). Masseter muscles showed significantly lower mean values (p < 0.01) compared with initial values.Conclusion:  The sliding plates allowed the process of neuromuscular deprogramming, contributing to muscular balance of the masticatory system, and are therefore indicated to be used before the fabrication of definitive complete dentures in patients with TMD.
Edentulousness and associated risk factors in a south Brazilian elderly population
Authors: Colussi Claudia Flemming , De Freitas Sérgio Fernando Torres 
Published: May 2007

Aim:  To examine the relationship between edentulousness and the socioeconomic and behavioural variables collected in a cross‐sectional study of an elderly population.Methods:  The study was conducted on 277 elderly (60 years or older) in the municipality of Biguaçu, Southern Brazil. The oral examinations and questionnaires were conducted by two calibrated dentists. The criteria used followed the WHO and FDI standards.Results:  Prevalence of edentulousness reached 48.4%. A significant association was found in bivariate analysis for gender, satisfaction with appearance, time since last dental visit, the type of dental service sought in the last 5 years, educational level of the elderly and their children, and age of the elderly. In the multivariate analysis, gender, time since last dental visit and level of education of the elderly were significantly associated with edentulousness.Conclusions:  Female sex and low educational level were the main risk factors for edentulousness in this population. Although various Brazilian studies suggest a decline in edentulousness in the country, methodologically robust research into edentulousness in Brazil is still limited, demanding further studies into this highly prevalent yet preventable health problem amongst the elderly.
Association of total tooth loss with smoking, drinking alcohol and nutrition in elderly Japanese: analysis of national database
Authors: Hanioka Takashi , Ojima Miki , Tanaka Keiko , Aoyama Hitoshi 
Published: May 2007

Objective:  Various factors may be associated with edentulism in elderly people. Association of total tooth loss with smoking, alcohol intake and nutrition in non‐institutionalised elderly Japanese was assessed utilising national database.Materials and methods:  Records of independent surveys, the Survey of Dental Diseases (SDD) and the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) in 1999 were electronically linked using the household identification number.Results:  Among the records of 6903 subjects in the SDD and 12 763 subjects in the NNS, 6805 records were successfully linked. Overall, prevalence of total tooth loss in adults was very similar in males and females at approximately 7.0%, and the smoking rate was 47.6% and 9.9% respectively. Total tooth loss was a rare phenomenon (<2%) in age groups of <60 years. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis involving 2200 subjects aged 60 years or older, significant variables were age, current smokers and vitamin C intake in males, and age and current smokers in females. The variable for current drinkers was significant in females but the odds ratio was <1.0. No significant relationship was detected with respect to former smokers and drinkers, body mass index, vitamin E intake and blood glucose level.Conclusions:  Current smoking was associated with total tooth loss, although smoking rate was low in females. Gender difference in the association was suggestive with respect to drinking alcohol and vitamin C intake.
Pharyngeal actinomycosis: a case report
Authors: Carinci Francesco , Polito Jessica , Pastore Antonio 
Published: May 2007

Actinomycetes are saprophytic bacteria of the oral cavity. They can produce a rare, chronic, and suppurative process that usually originates from the teeth and mandible and then involve the cervical region, especially in the sub‐mandibular area.A case of actinomycosis occurring in the retropharyngeal space in a 74 year‐old man is reported. It arose as a swelling behind the third lower left molar that had no lesion. The patient was treated successfully with antibiotic therapy.The clinical presentation and management of the case are discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed.
Multivariate Process Monitoring Using the Dynamic Biplot
Authors: Sparks Ross , Adolphson Allan , Phatak Aloke 
Published: May 2007

SummaryIn this article, we present a method for monitoring multivariate process data based on the Gabriel biplot. In contrast to existing methods that are based on some form of dimension reduction, we use reduction to two dimensions for displaying the state of the process but all the data for determining whether it is in a state of statistical control. This approach allows us to detect changes in location, variation, and correlational structure accurately yet display a large amount of information concisely. We illustrate the use of the biplot on an example of industrial data and also discuss some of the issues related to a practical implementation of the method.