bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Born Free’ Dreams: South African Township Youth Discuss Their Hopes for a Better Life in Future
Authors: Møller Valerie , Roberts Benjamin J. , Zani Dalindyebo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe advent of democracy in 1994 promised South Africans a ‘better life for all’ and the so-called ‘born free’ generation hoped for better education and job opportunities than those of their parents and grandparents, who had lived under apartheid. In focus group discussions, township youth living in a small university town in the country’s poorest Eastern Cape Province had the opportunity to express what hopes they had for their future in the post-Covid-19 era and confirmed the important role of hope in their lives as a useful tool that motivated them to aspire to fulfil their dreams. In response to select items from the Snyder hope scales, youth discussed their life goals, optimism, agency, and pathway thinking to realise their dreams. Youth recognised hope could be both harmful as well as useful. The discussions provided an opportunity for youth to share and compare with others their experiences of disappointment and failure, of times when they had felt hopeless, with the worst cases of hopelessness resulting in alcohol and substance abuse, which was reportedly widespread among township youth. Family, neighbours and significant others provided support and advice that assisted youth to recover from hopelessness, and to find new direction in life. Results from this qualitative study point to the importance of providing township youth with a platform to share their experiences of hopelessness. Policy and practical interventions are needed to support and guide hopeless youth to regain their mental health, well-being, and hope for the future.
FF-ViT: probe orientation regression for robot-assisted endomicroscopy tissue scanning
Authors: Xu Chi , Roddan Alfie , Xu Haozheng , Stamatia Giannarou 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) enables visualization of cellular tissue morphology during surgical procedures. To capture high-quality pCLE images during tissue scanning, it is important to maintain close contact between the probe and the tissue, while also keeping the probe perpendicular to the tissue surface. Existing robotic pCLE tissue scanning systems, which rely on macroscopic vision, struggle to accurately place the probe at the optimal position on the tissue surface. As a result, the need arises for regression of longitudinal distance and orientation via endomicroscopic vision.

Method
This paper introduces a novel method for automatically regressing the orientation between a pCLE probe and the tissue surface during robotic scanning, utilizing the fast Fourier vision transformer (FF-ViT) to extract local frequency representations and use them for probe orientation regression. Additionally, the FF-ViT incorporates a blur mapping attention (BMA) module to refine latent representations, which is combined with the pyramid angle regressor (PAR) to precisely estimate probe orientation.

Result
A first of its kind dataset for pCLE probe-tissue orientation (pCLE-PTO) has been created. The performance evaluation demonstrates that our proposed network surpasses other top regression networks in accuracy, stability, and generalizability, while maintaining low computational complexity (1.8G FLOPs) and high inference speed (90 fps).

Conclusion
The performance evaluation study verifies the clinical value of the proposed framework and its potential to be integrated into surgical robotic platforms for intraoperative tissue scanning.
A time-domain SGFD-FK hybrid method for 2D teleseismic elastic wave modeling and inversion
Authors: del Valle-Rosales Mauricio , Chávez-García Francisco José 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFull waveform inversion (FWI) has proved to be a reliable tool for high-resolution imaging of lithospheric structures at various depths down to the upper mantle. However, when the size of the model is large, the computational burden is significative and applications are restricted to low frequencies. To tackle this issue, we developed a new 2D time-domain hybrid method to simulate high-frequency teleseismic body waves propagating through a local heterogeneous elastic Earth model: The frequency-wavenumber (FK) integration method is coupled with the staggered grid finite difference method (SGFD). The FK method is used to compute the wavefield due to obliquely incident plane P and SV waves in a 1D multilayered half space that excites a local heterogeneous region. Inside this region, the velocity-stress staggered grid FD method (SGFD) is used to accurately deal with wave propagation in heterogeneous media. Spurious waves that might be generated at the boundaries of the local region are avoided using convolutional perfectly matched layers (CPML). This new hybrid method inherits the low-memory requirements of the FK method and the accuracy, efficiency and easy implementation of the SGFD. The new hybrid method is benchmarked against the analytical FK method for some canonical models and shows good agreement with analytical solutions. Subsequently, our modeling tool is incorporated into a full waveform inversion algorithm adapted for teleseismic configurations to invert the incident P wave and its coda. The inversion is carried out using a gradient approach that is efficiently implemented via the adjoint-state method. The results suggest that our hybrid method and FWI algorithm represent a valuable tool for 2D forward and inverse regional applications using teleseismic data sets.
Cognitive Impairment Detection Based on Frontal Camera Scene While Performing Handwriting Tasks
Authors: Candela Federico , Romeo Santina , Faundez-Zanuy Marcos , Ferrer-Ramos Pau 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiagnosing cognitive impairment is an ongoing field of research especially in the elderly. Assessing the health status of the elderly can be a complex process that requires both subjective and objective measures. Subjective measures, such as self-reported responses to questions, can provide valuable information about a person’s experiences, feelings, and beliefs. However, from a scientific point of view, objective measures, based on quantifiable data that can be used to assess a person’s physical and cognitive functioning, are more appropriate and rigorous. The proposed system is based on the use of non-invasive instrumentation, which includes video images acquired with a frontal camera while the user performs different handwriting tasks on a Wacom tablet. We have acquired a new multimodal database of 191 elder subjects, which has been classified by human experts into healthy and cognitive impairment users by means of the standard pentagon copying test. The automatic classification was carried out using a video segmentation algorithm through the technique of shot boundary detection, in conjunction with a Transformer neural network. We obtain a multiclass classification accuracy of 77% and two-class accuracy of 83% based on frontal camera images, which basically detects head movements during handwriting tasks. Our automatic system can replicate human classification of handwritten pentagon copying test, opening a new method for cognitive impairment detection based on head movements. We also demonstrate the possibility to identifying the handwritten task performed by the user, based on frontal camera images and a Transformer neural network.
Pseudo datasets explain artificial neural networks
Authors: Chu Yi-Chi , Chen Yi-Hau , Guo Chao-Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMachine learning enhances predictive ability in various research compared to conventional statistical approaches. However, the advantage of the regression model is that it can effortlessly interpret the effect of each predictor. Therefore, interpretable machine-learning models are desirable as the deep-learning technique advances. Although many studies have proposed ways to explain neural networks, this research suggests an intuitive and feasible algorithm to interpret any set of input features of artificial neural networks at the population-mean level changes. The new algorithm provides a novel concept of generating pseudo datasets and evaluating the impact due to changes in the input features. Our approach can accurately obtain the effect estimate from single to multiple input neurons and depict the association between the predictive and outcome variables. According to computer simulation studies, the explanatory effects of the predictors derived by the neural network as a particular case could approximate the general linear model estimates. Besides, we applied the new method to three real-life analyzes. The results demonstrated that the new algorithm could obtain similar effect estimates from the neural networks and regression models. Besides, it yields better predictive errors than the conventional regression models. Again, it is worth noting that the new pipeline is much less computationally intensive than the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which could not simultaneously measure the impact due to two or more inputs while adjusting for other features.
Die Entwicklung des Psychologiestudiums in Deutschland
Authors: Weber Hannelore , Erdfelder Edgar , Gundlach Horst , Spinath Birgit 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Dieser psychologiehistorische Beitrag zeichnet die Entwicklung des Psychologiestudiums und dessen Vorläufer seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts nach, identifiziert die wesentlichen Entwicklungsschübe sowie deren Ursachen und betrachtet die Rolle der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie im Verlaufe dieses Prozesses. Analyseschwerpunkte bilden die Entwicklung des Diplomstudienganges Psychologie einschließlich der Rahmenprüfungsordnungen bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts, die Konsequenzen der Bologna-Reform für das Psychologiestudium Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts und die jüngsten Entwicklungen im Zusammenhang mit der Reform der Psychotherapieausbildung.
Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der DGPs
Authors: Silbereisen Rainer K. , Hasselhorn Marcus 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung: Auf der Grundlage zahlreicher Dokumente zur Arbeit der DGPs im Zentrum für Geschichte der Psychologie an der Universität Würzburg, im Nachrichtenteil der Psychologischen Rundschau (Organ der DGPs) sowie der Website der DGPs ( https://www.dgps.de/ ) zum Stichwort „Öffentlichkeitsarbeit“ wird die Entwicklung der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (D‍G‍P‍s) rekonstruiert. Die Darstellung erfolgt systematisch anhand folgender Facetten: (1) Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Wissenschaftskommunikation im Wandel, (2) Veränderungen der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der DGPs zwischen 1980 und 2020, (3) Herausgehobene Aktivitätscluster der DGPs Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, und (4) Wünschenswerte Weiterentwicklungen. Der Berichtszeitraum beginnt in den 80er Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts und reicht bis Ende 2020. Identifiziert werden drei Perioden, deren Aktivitäten sich deutlich unterscheiden. Es zeigt sich, dass die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der DGPs in den letzten Jahrzehnten in strategischer und methodischer Hinsicht professionalisiert wurde. Zu den Desideraten künftiger Arbeit gehört die wirksame Vermittlung fachlicher Beiträge der Psychologie zur Bewältigung persönlicher und zur Gestaltung gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen.
Odden Ice Melt Linked to Labrador Sea Ice Expansions and the Great Salinity Anomalies of 1970–1995
Authors: Allan David , Allan Richard P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn each of the last three decades of the 20th century there were unprecedented expansions of sea‐ice over the Labrador Sea basin and influxes of cold fresh water into the subpolar gyre (SPG) which have been described as the Great Salinity Anomalies (GSAs). Employing data for sea surface temperature, salinity, and sea‐ice cover, we propose that these events were downstream consequences of the expansion and subsequent melting of so‐called “Odden” ice formed over the deep basin of the Greenland‐Iceland‐Norway (GIN) Sea in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s and additional to the normal East Greenland shelf sea‐ice. We extend previous findings that Odden ice expansions were linked to winter episodes of high atmospheric pressure north of Greenland that directed freezing Arctic winds across the GIN Sea and may also have been associated with increased Arctic sea‐ice volume leading to enhanced ice export through Fram Strait. We show that cold water and ice derived from Odden melting in the summer passed through Denmark Strait and along the East Greenland shelf, and accumulated in the Labrador Sea, creating favorable conditions for winter ice formation during particularly cold years in southwest Greenland. Meltwater from Odden and Labrador Sea ice appeared to break out into the SPG in the fall of 1982 and 1984 respectively and this cold water represents the likely source of the 1982–1985 GSA. These findings further our understanding of the physical processes linking ice formation and melt with ocean circulation in this key component of the climate system.
Crustal carbonate build-up as a driver for Earth’s oxygenation
Authors: Alcott Lewis J. , Walton Craig , Planavsky Noah J. , Shorttle Oliver , Mills Benjamin J. W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans played a pivotal role in the evolution of the surface environment and life. It is thought that the rise in oxygen over Earth’s history was driven by an increasing availability of the photosynthetic limiting nutrient phosphate combined with declining oxygen-consuming inputs from the mantle and crust. However, it has been difficult to assess whether these processes alone can explain Earth’s oxygenation history. Here we develop a theoretical framework for the long-term global oxygen, phosphorus and carbon cycles, incorporating potential trajectories for the emergence of continents, the degassing of mantle volatiles and the resulting increase in the size of the crustal carbonate reservoir. We find that we can adequately simulate the Earth’s oxygenation trajectory in both the atmosphere and oceans, alongside reasonable reconstructions of planetary temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, phosphorus burial records and carbon isotope ratios. Importantly, this is only possible when we include the accumulation of carbonates in the crust, which permits ever-increasing carbon recycling rates through weathering and degassing. This carbonate build-up is a missing factor in models of Earth’s coupled climate, nutrient and oxygen evolution and is important for reconstructing Earth’s history and potential exoplanet biogeochemistry.
An integrated design concept evaluation model based on interval valued picture fuzzy set and improved GRP method
Authors: Ma Qing , Chen Zhe , Tan Yuhang , Wei Jianing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe objective of this research is to enhance the precision and efficiency of design concept assessments during the initial stages of new product creation. Design concept evaluation, which occurs at the end of the conceptual design phase, is a critical step in product development. The outcome of this evaluation significantly impacts the product's eventual success, as flawed design concepts are difficult to remedy in later stages. However, the evaluation of new product concepts is a procedure that encompasses elements of subjectivity and ambiguity. In order to deal with the problem, a novel decision-making method for choosing more logical new product concepts is introduced. Basically, the evaluation process is outlined in three main phases: the construction of evaluation index system for design concept alternatives, the calculation of weights for evaluation criteria and decision-makers, the selection of the best design concept alternatives. These stages are composed of a hybrid method based on kano model, multiplicative analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, the entropy of IVPFS and improved grey relational projection (GRP) under interval-valued picture fuzzy set (IVPFS). The novel approach integrates the strength of interval-valued picture fuzzy number in handling vagueness, the advantage of multiplicative AHP and the merit of improved GRP method in modelling multi-criteria decision-making. In final, the effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through comparisons with other models. The potential applications of this study include but are not limited to product development, industrial design, and innovation management, providing decision-makers with a more accurate and comprehensive design concept evaluation tool.
Optimal timing for the first cystoscopic follow-up using time-to-treatment initiation analysis of oncologic outcomes in primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Kim Jeong-Soo , Lee Jooyoung , Nguyen Tuan Thanh , Choi Se Young 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVarious guidelines recommend the first follow-up cystoscopy at 3 months; however, no data exist on the optimal timing for initial follow-up cystoscopy. We tried to provide evidence on the timing of the first cystoscopy after the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) using big data. This was a retrospective National Health Insurance Service database analysis. The following outcomes were considered: recurrence, progression, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality. Exposure was the time-to-treatment initiation (TTI), a continuous variable representing the time to the first cystoscopy from the first TUR-BT within 1 year. Additionally, we categorized TTI (TTIc) into five levels: < 2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–8, and 8–12 months. A landmark time of 1 year after the initial TUR-BT was described to address immortal-time bias. We identified the optimal time for the first cystoscopy using Cox regression models with and without restricted cubic splines (RCS) for TTI and TTIc, respectively. Among 26,660 patients, 16,880 (63.3%) underwent cystoscopy within 2–4 months. A U-shaped trend of the lowest risks at TTI was observed in the 2–4 months group for progression, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality. TTI within 0–2 months had a higher risk of progression (aHR 1.36; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.15–1.60; p < 0.001) and cancer-specific mortality (aHR 1.29; 95% CI 1.05–1.58; p = 0.010). Similarly, TTI within 8–12 months had a higher risk of progression (aHR 2.09; 95% CI 1.67–2.63; p < 0.001) and cancer-specific mortality (aHR 1.96; 95% CI 1.48–2.60; p < 0.001). Based on the RCS models, the risks of progression, cancer-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality were lowest at TTI of 4 months. The timing of the first cystoscopy follow-up was associated with oncologic prognosis. In our model, undergoing cystoscopy at 4 months has shown the best outcomes in clinical course. Therefore, patients who do not receive cystoscopy at approximately 4 months for any reason need more careful follow-up to predict a poor clinical course.
Intranasal administration of ceramide liposome suppresses allergic rhinitis by targeting CD300f in murine models
Authors: Ide Takuma , Izawa Kumi , Diono Wahyu , Kamei Anna , Ando Tomoaki , Kaitani Ayako , Maehara Akie , Yoshikawa Akihisa , Yamamoto Risa , Uchida Shino , Wang Hexing , Kojima Mayuki , Maeda Keiko , Nakano Nobuhiro , Nakamura Masahiro , Shimizu Toshiaki , Ogawa Hideoki , Okumura Ko , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Ikeda Katsuhisa , Goto Motonobu , Kitaura Jiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is caused by type I hypersensitivity reaction in the nasal tissues. The interaction between CD300f and its ligand ceramide suppresses immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cell activation. However, whether CD300f inhibits the development of allergic rhinitis (AR) remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the roles of CD300f in the development of AR and the effectiveness of intranasal administration of ceramide liposomes on AR in murine models. We used ragweed pollen-induced AR models in mice. Notably, CD300f deficiency did not significantly influence the ragweed-specific IgE production, but increased the frequency of mast cell-dependent sneezing as well as the numbers of degranulated mast cells and eosinophils in the nasal tissues in our models. Similar results were also obtained for MCPT5-exprssing mast cell-specific loss of CD300f. Importantly, intranasal administration of ceramide liposomes reduced the frequency of sneezing as well as the numbers of degranulated mast cells and eosinophils in the nasal tissues in AR models. Thus, CD300f–ceramide interaction, predominantly in mast cells, alleviates the symptoms and progression of AR. Therefore, intranasal administration of ceramide liposomes may be a promising therapeutic approach against AR by targeting CD300f.
Calculation method of spherically expanding flame propagation radius to consider ignition electrode effects
Authors: Fan Likang , Fu Xin , Hu Mingjie , Yan Yan , Zuo Zinong , Han Zhiqiang , Fang Jia , Xiao Bang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIgnition electrodes have an immense impact on the accurate measurement of the flame propagation spherical radius. In this study, a flame-radius calculation method is designed. The method is able to eliminate effects due to the ignition electrodes. The adaptability and optimization effects of the proposed method are analyzed. The results show that the ratio of the angle is affected by the ignition electrodes under the Han II method. There are three obvious divisions include a high-value area, a sharp-variation area, and a mild-variation area. The ratio of the angle affected by the ignition electrodes is only applicable to the mild-variation region when the flame presents respective convex and concave distributions. For these distributions, the increment rate of the mean radius is 0.4–0.85% and 0.42–3.19%. The reduced rate of the standard deviation of the radius extraction value is 11.91–22.1% and 5.13–17.99%, and the reduced rate of the radius extraction value range is 20.32–39.51% and 0.32–8.09%.
A novel single-channel edge computing LoRa gateway for real-time confirmed messaging
Authors: Zhong Chen , Nie Xianzhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLoRaWAN has become the technology of choice for increasing Internet of Things applications owing to its long range and low power consumption characteristics. However, in the uplink confirmed messaging cases, the entire retransmission could take several seconds, so it cannot be used in scenarios that require rapid confirmed messaging, such as emergency alerting and real-time controlling applications. Nevertheless, there has been limited work targeting this issue. This study presents a novel LoRaWAN gateway using edge computing to expedite the confirmed messaging process by generating the acknowledgment (ACK) locally, so that the confirmed messaging time can be significantly reduced. Additionally, the resource utilization of the network server can also be decreased due to the use of edge computing. We verified the effectiveness of our solution through extensive simulations and experiments. The confirmed messaging time between the end nodes and the gateway averaged 43 ms for a maximum of 2 retransmissions. With the adoption of edge computing on the gateway, the network server’s central processing unit (CPU), memory, and bandwidth peak utilization decrease from 53.51 to 39.46, 73.88 to 72.11%, and 4422.68 kbps to 3271.27 kbps, respectively. In addition, the network server’s system load decreases from 2.15 to 1.69, while the gateway cost is reduced by almost $$\$$$
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38 compared to the benchmark products.