bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arterial relationships to the nerves and some rigid structures in the posterior cranial fossa
Authors: Surchev N. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe close relationships between the cranial nerves and the arterial vessels in the posterior cranial fossa are one of the predisposing factors for artery‐nerve compression. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of the vertebral and basilar arteries to some skull and dural structures and the nerves in the posterior cranial fossa. For this purpose, the skull bases and brains of 70 cadavers were studied. The topographic relationships of the vertebral and basilar arteries to the cranial nerves in the posterior cranial fossa were studied and the distances between the arteries and some osseous formations were measured. The most significant variations in arterial position were registered in the lower half of the basilar artery. Direct contact with an artery was established for the hypoglossal canal, jugular tubercle, and jugular foramen. The results reveal additional information about the relationships of the nerves and arteries to the skull and dural formations in the posterior cranial fossa. New quantitative information is given to illustrate them. The conditions for possible artery‐nerve compression due to arterial dislocation are discussed and two groups (lines) of compression points are suggested. The medial line comprises of the brain stem points, usually the nerve root entry/exit zone. The lateral line includes the skull eminences, on which the nerves lie, or skull and dural foramina through which they exit the cranial cavity. Clin. Anat. 21:492–500, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
South Indian calcaneal talar facet configurations and osteoarthritic changes
Authors: Madhavi C. , Madhuri Vrisha , George Vinu M. , Antonisamy B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the talar facet configuration of South Indian calcanei, measure the angle between the anterior and middle facet planes of these calcanei, and assess the relation between the above parameters and the degenerative changes in the subtalar joints. The angle between the anterior and middle talar facets was measured in 222 South Indian adult calcanei. The degree of sclerosis was measured on radiographs of the calcanei. Lipping and osteophytes around the joints were recorded by visual inspection. The facet patterns observed were fused anterior and middle facets (Type I), three separate facets (Type II), absence of the anterior facet (Type III), three merged facets (Type IV), and a new pattern of absent anterior and fused middle and posterior facets (Type V). An anterolateral impression was present in nine calcanei. Type I was the predominant pattern (72%). Type II configuration had the least mean angle (125°) and had less number of calcanei with significant osteoarthritic changes. A wider angle was observed in Type I and Type III calcanei. Type IV and Type V were observed in only three and one calcanei, respectively. Lipping and osteophytes were observed in Type I to IV configurations. There was no correlation between the facet configuration and the radiological subchondral sclerosis in the posterior talar facet of the calcanei. This study reveals that the talar facet configuration of calcanei and the angle between the anterior and middle facets influence the stability of the subtalar joints and development of osteoarthritis. Clin. Anat. 21:581–586, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D stereo vision system effectiveness for engineering design and graphics education
Authors: Pan Chunxia , Smith Shana 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis study compared the effectiveness of a head mounted display (HMD) and anaglyphic glasses on students' ability to complete engineering graphics tasks in learning environments. The two stereo display systems were used in an introductory design and graphics class. Data related to students' subjective perceptions about the two systems and data related to students' objective performance were collected and analyzed. Results of the study reveal that students perceived that the HMD was more effective for completing technical graphics tasks than anaglyphic glasses, while there was no significant difference in students' objective performance with the two display systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 16: 256–267, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20145
Vibration analysis for elastic multi‐beam structures by the C0‐continuous time‐stepping finite element method
Authors: Lai Junjiang , Huang Jianguo , Shi Zhongci 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSome C0‐continuous time‐stepping finite element method is proposed for investigating vibration analysis of elastic multi‐beam structures. In the time direction, the C0‐continuous Galerkin method is used to discretize the generalized displacement field. In the space directions, the longitudinal displacements and rotational angles on beams are discretized using conforming linear elements, while the transverse displacements on beams are discretized by the Hermite elements of third order. The error of the method in the energy norm is proved to be O(h+k3), where h and k denote the mesh sizes of the subdivisions in the space and time directions, respectively. The finite difference analysis in time is developed to discuss the spectral behavior of the algorithms as well as their dissipation and dispersion properties in the low‐frequency regime. The method has also been extended to study some nonlinear problems. A number of numerical tests are included to illustrate the computational performance of the method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth of ZnO Nanostructures Produced by MOCVD: A Study of the Effect of the Substrate
Authors: Scalisi Alfio A. , Toro Roberta G. , Malandrino Graziella , Fragalà Maria E. , Pezzotti Giuseppe 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA study of the influence of the substrate mismatch on the growth of ZnO nanostructures is reported. ZnO nanostructures are deposited, by a simple catalyst‐free metal‐organic (MO)CVD approach, onto various substrates, such as SrTiO3(100), Si(100), and Al2O3(0001), using a novel diamine adduct of zinc bis‐2 thenoyl‐trifluoroacetonate (Zn(tta)2 · tmeda, Htta = CF3COCH2COC4H3S, tmeda = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine). Structural characterizations indicate that both morphology and crystalline structure of the obtained ZnO nanostructured systems strongly depend upon the crystalline mismatch with the substrate. Room‐temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy is used to characterize the optical properties of the various nanostructures. The resulting cathodoluminescence spectra of all the samples show the presence of a strong and broad green band around 2.4 eV.
Fluorine‐Containing Ionic Liquids from N‐Alkylpyrrolidine and N‐Methylpiperidine and Fluorinated Acetylacetones: Low Melting Points and Low Viscosities
Authors: Li Xiaoju , Zeng Zhuo , Garg Sonali , Twamley Brendan , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA family of new fluorine‐containing ionic liquids (3–14) was synthesized in high yield by the reaction of N‐alkylpyrrolidine, N‐methylpiperidine and fluorinated 1,3‐diketones: 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoroacetylacetone, 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2,4‐pentanedione and 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione. Their properties, such as the phase‐transition temperature, density, and viscosity, were determined. Most of them show relatively low melting points and low viscosities. The influence of fluorinated 1,3‐diketonate anions and the structural variation in cyclic amine cations on the above physicochemical properties was examined. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction analysis of compound 7 confirms the proton transfer from 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione to N‐butylpyrrolidine. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Boundary discretization for high‐order discontinuous Galerkin computations of tidal flows around shallow water islands
Authors: Bernard P.‐E. , Remacle J.‐F. , Legat V. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this paper some preliminary results concerning the application of the high‐order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for the resolution of realistic problems of tidal flows around shallow water islands are presented. In particular, tidal flows are computed around the Rattray island located in the Great Barrier Reef. This island is a standard benchmark problem well documented in the literature providing useful in situ measurements for validation of the model. Realistic elements of the simulation are a tidal flow forcing, a variable bathymetry and a non‐trivial coastline.The computation of tidal flows in shallow water around an island is very similar to the simulation of the Euler equations around bluff bodies in quasi‐steady flows. The main difference lies in the high irregularity of islands' shapes and in the fact that, in the framework of large‐scale ocean models, the number of elements to represent an island is drastically limited compared with classical engineering computations. We observe that the high‐order DG method applied to shallow water flows around bluff bodies with poor linear boundary representations produces oscillations and spurious eddies. Surprisingly those eddies may have the right size and intensity but may be generated by numerical diffusion and are not always mathematically relevant. Although not interested in solving accurately the boundary layers of an island, we show that a high‐order boundary representation is mandatory to avoid non‐physical eddies and spurious oscillations. It is then possible to parametrize accurately the subgrid‐scale processes to introduce the correct amount of diffusion in the model. The DG results around the Rattray island are eventually compared with current measurements and reveal good agreement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal employment and overweight children: does timing matter?
Authors: von Hinke Kessler Scholder Stephanie 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRecent literature has shown consistent evidence of a positive relationship between maternal employment and children's overweight status. These studies largely use average weekly work hours over the child's life to measure employment. This paper specifically aims at exploring the importance of the timing of employment. Using various econometric techniques to control for observable and unobservable child and family characteristics, the results show that full‐time maternal employment during mid‐childhood positively affects the probability of being overweight at age 16. There is no evidence that part‐time or full‐time employment at earlier/later ages affects this probability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Placebo-controlled trial of 400 mg amantadine combined with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 48 weeks in chronic hepatitis C virus-1 infection
Authors: von Wagner Michael , Hofmann Wolf Peter , Teuber Gerlinde , Berg Thomas , Goeser Tobias , Spengler Ulrich , Hinrichsen Holger , Weidenbach Hans , Gerken Guido , Manns Michael , Buggisch Peter , Herrmann Eva , Zeuzem Stefan 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

The impact of amantadine on virologic response rates of interferon-based treatment of chronic hepatitis C is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare virological response rates in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-1 infection treated with 400 mg amantadine or placebo in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kD) and ribavirin for 48 weeks. Seven hundred four previously untreated chronically HCV-1–infected patients (mean age, 46 ± 12 years) were randomized to (A) amantadine-sulphate (400 mg/day) (n = 352) or (B) placebo (n = 352), both in combination with 180 μg peginterferon alfa-2a once weekly and ribavirin (1000-1200 mg/day) for 48 weeks. End of treatment and sustained virological response after a 24-week follow-up period were assessed by qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (sensitivity, 50 IU/mL). Demographic and baseline virological parameters were similar in both treatment groups. In groups A and B, 231 of 352 patients (66%) and 256 of 352 patients (72%) achieved an end of treatment response, and 171 of 352 patients (49 %) and 186 of 352 patients (53 %) a sustained virological response, respectively. On-treatment dropout rate in the amantadine group was significantly higher than in the placebo group (32% versus 23%;

P

= 0.01). However, adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were similar between both groups. Per-protocol analysis revealed similar sustained virological response rates in both treatment groups (53% versus 55%).

Conclusion:

In this large placebo-controlled multicenter study, amantadine even at a dose of 400 mg/day did not improve virological response rates of peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin in patients with chronic genotype HCV-1 infection. (Hepatology 2008.)
Constitutive overexpression of CDC25A in primary human mammary epithelial cells results in both defective DNA damage response and chromosomal breaks at fragile sites
Authors: Cangi Maria Giulia , Piccinin Sara , Pecciarini Lorenza , Talarico Anna , Dal Cin Elena , Grassi Stefano , Grizzo Alessandra , Maestro Roberta , Doglioni Claudio 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCDC25A phosphatase, an essential component of the cell cycle machinery, is also a key player in integrating the specific signals of checkpoint control in response to DNA damage. There are several lines of evidence that indicate a role for CDC25A in cancer development, consistent with the fact that its overexpression is detected in human cancers. In particular we previously reported that CDC25A is overexpressed also in early breast carcinoma. Recent data suggest that oncogene activation during early stages of tumor development causes DNA replication stress resulting in the induction of DNA damage response (DDR) and that the selection of cells defecting in their DDR could lead to malignant progression. To address how CDC25A overexpression contributes to breast cancer development we established a cell model in which CDC25A was constitutively overexpressed in hTERT‐immortalized primary human mammary epithelial cells. At the earliest passages following CDC25A transduction we observed DDR signs associated with unscheduled DNA replication origins. In the latest passages DDR was significantly impaired and, even after ionizing radiation exposition, cells failed to induce G1 and G2 checkpoints; moreover DNA replication stress conditions, such as aphidicolin treatment, highlighted increased fragile site breakages and destabilized chromosomes just in these latest passages cells. Our data suggest that CDC25A overexpression, pushing the cell through the cell cycle transitions, induces DDR alterations that might enhance genomic instability. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate‐derived Ets transcription factor as a favorable prognostic marker in ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Ghadersohi Ali , Odunsi Kunle , Zhang Shaozeng , Azrak Rami G. , Bundy Brian N. , Manjili Masoud H. , Li Fengzhi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe have previously shown that ovarian tumors express prostate‐derived Ets transcription factor (PDEF). However, the precise role of PDEF in the prognosis of ovarian cancer is unknown. In our study, we report for the first time that expression of PDEF in tumor lesions of patients with ovarian cancer is associated with favorable prognosis. Evaluation of samples from 40 patients with ovarian cancer showed that early stage (IA) and borderline (IIB, III) ovarian tumors expressed higher levels of PDEF mRNA and protein and lower levels of survivin compared to late stage ovarian tumors (IIIC and IV, p < 0.05). Normal ovarian tissues expressed the highest levels of PDEF mRNA and protein when compared to tumor tissues (p < 0.05). A Log‐Rank test showed that overall survival of patients with PDEF‐positive and survivin‐negative ovarian tumors was significantly longer than those with PDEF‐negative and survivin‐positive tumors (p < 0.01). Forced expression of PDEF in PDEF‐negative ovarian tumor cells inhibited tumor cell growth, induced apoptosis, downregulated survivin expression and its promoter activity. Furthermore, treatment of ovarian cancer cells with vitamin D or a selenium compound resulted in re‐expression of PDEF, downregulation of survivin, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor cell growth when compared to untreated controls (p < 0.05). Together, these observations showed an inverse correlation between PDEF and survivin expression and suggested that increased PDEF expression along with reduced survivin was associated with prolonged survival of patients with ovarian cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developing capacity in water users organizations: the case of Peru
Authors: Huamanchumo J. , Peña Y. , Silva L. , Hendriks J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUp until the end of the 1980s the Peruvian public administration played a central role in irrigation systems throughout the country; this changed in 1989 when operational management of the systems was transferred to water users associations (WUAs). This sudden move required new management capacities for such organizations, demands that were not catered for at the time. Basically, the organizations managed their systems through their own learning and efforts.Only 10 years later, by the end of the 1990s, the Peruvian government started a large‐scale training initiative directed towards WUAs, mostly in the Peruvian costal areas. Now, eight years later, considerable achievements have been made in relation to water service fee collection and accounting‐related aspects. But internal organizational management of most WUAs remains weak, a problem made worse by the many changes in leadership and instability of personnel.Some WUAs in the interior of the country, and the National Board of Water Users Associations, have taken initiatives on their own to develop the capacity of their leaders, technical and administrative personnel and users. This process of creating “local capacity builders” within the water organizations still encounters many difficulties, both externally and internally. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐yielding capacity building in irrigation system management: targeting managers and operators
Authors: Facon Thierry , Renault Daniel , Rao P. S. , Wahaj Robina 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIrrigation management is facing complex challenges evolving with the transformation of agriculture, competition over resources, environmental concerns, without forgetting the critical objective of food production. Managers are ill prepared to meet these challenges and the FAO called for and initiated a massive retraining programme of engineers and managers on irrigation system modernization to address these issues, starting in Asia. Results from this first generation of interventions confirmed the lack of success of many investments and institutional reforms, gaps in capacity and training and the potential for achieving significant improvements at minimal cost by focusing on system operation. The FAO prepared new guidelines for improving system operation and management (MASSCOTE) based on service‐oriented management concepts, tested them through training workshops in Nepal, India and China and is disseminating them through a second‐generation training programme building on first‐ generation knowledge synthesis. This paper presents the FAO's strategic approach to capacity building on service‐oriented management. It builds on the major lessons drawn from past programmes and is based on three interrelated thrusts: at the system, state and regional/global levels. Concepts, methodologies, lessons learned on upscaling to policy and long‐term investment planning, limitations and conditions for success and future programme development are discussed. Copyright © 2008 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WiFi: Boon or Boondoggle?
Authors: Burnett Royce D. , Daniels Bobbie W. , Freidel Alan , Friedman Mark 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHow often do you go on a business trip, pull out your laptop, and access your firm's proprietary information? Perhaps you use an airport's WiFi system to connect to the Internet. You answer some e‐mail, check some facts or news on the Web, and get some work done.But while you're doing that, some hacker can also be intercepting your wireless transmissions—and gaining unfettered access to your company's records or your personal data.How can you protect yourself? © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A roadmap to help your organization become process‐based
Authors: Creed Dean , Daly Dennis , Dowdle Pat , Stevens Jerry 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWhile most organizations know they need to manage and improve their processes, few do so in a disciplined way and on an ongoing basis. Unfortunately, managing the individual processes may not help much. Much greater and longer‐lasting results come from managing an organization's portfolio of processes in an integrated fashion. That is the purpose of becoming a process‐based organization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenotypic correction of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency using low dose helper‐dependent adenoviral vectors
Authors: Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Clarke Christian , Mane Viraj , Palmer Donna J. , Lanpher Brendan , Sun Qin , O'Brien William , Lee Brendan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundHelper‐dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAd) can mediate long‐term phenotypic correction in the ornithine transacarbamylase (OTC)‐deficient mice model with negligible chronic toxicity. However, the high doses required for metabolic correction will result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome in humans. This acute toxicity represents the major obstacle for clinical applications of HDAd vectors for the treatment of OTC deficiency. Strategies for reducing the dose necessary for disease correction are highly desirable because HDAd acute toxicity is clearly dose‐dependent.MethodsWe analysed a potent expression cassette and the hydrodynamic injection for the ability to reduce the HDAd dose necessary for phenotypic correction in OTC‐deficient spf‐ash mice.ResultsWe have developed a vector containing a potent expression cassette expressing the OTC transgene, which allowed phenotypic correction at lower doses. Our results suggest that vector expressing greater OTC levels allows correction of orotic acid overproduction at lower doses that make clinical translation more relevant. We were able to further reduce the minimal effective dose by delivering the vector through the hydrodynamic injection technique.ConclusionsVectors containing the expression cassette used in the present study, combined with other strategies for improving HDAd therapeutic index, will likely permit application of these vectors for the treatment of OTC deficiency as well as other urea cycle disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction of HPLC/orbitrap mass spectrometry as screening method for doping control
Authors: Virus E. D. , Sobolevsky T. G. , Rodchenkov G. M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA new doping control screening method has been developed, for the analysis of doping agents in human urine, using HPLC/orbitrap with in‐source collision‐induced dissociation and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. The developed method allows the detection of 29 compounds, including agents with antiestrogenic activity, β2 agonists, exogenous anabolic steroids, and other anabolic agents. The mass accuracy of this method is better at 2 ppm using an external reference. The detection limit for all compounds tested was better than 100 pg/ml. The recoveries of most analytes were above 70%. The measured median repeatability values for doping agents included in the method at concentrations of 1 and 10 ng/ml were 21 and 17%, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the intraday precision (n = 6) ranged from RSD = 16–22%, whereas the interday precision (n = 18), ranged from RSD = 17–26%, depending on the solute concentration investigated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.