bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Westernized Home Life Style in Japan
Authors: Kikusawa Yasuko 
Published: March 2007

The traditional way of living in Japan was sitting on “Tatami”—Japanese floor mat—not using chairs and sleeping on “Futon”—the Japanese bed mat spread directly on “Tatami.” The traditional living style was the predominant mode in the average Japanese household until the end of the Second World War. Before the end of the war, only a few upper‐class families used western‐ style beds and chairs, but after the war, the use of beds and chairs spread rapidly throughout the general public.The objective of this study was to obtain information concerning the actual living conditions among Japanese people by determining the combination of Japanese and western life styles.Information was collected by questionnaires in 1975 from 446 mothers whose children were junior high school students living in Fukuyama city. The data were compared with information previously obtained by the author in 1966.The findings showed that more than half of the subjects used chairs in the dining room, guest room, and children's room. The tendency towards the use of chairs seems to be approaching its upper limit. The rate of adoption of the western style bed however has not yet reached 50 percent, but is expected to increase in the future.
Profiling Consumer Communication of Complaints About Clothing Performance
Authors: Wall Marjorie , Dickey Lois E. , Wayne Talarzyk W. 
Published: March 2007

Consumer propensity to communicate complaints about clothing performance to the retailer was investigated in relation to a variety of consumer characteristics including demographics; activities, interests, and opinions (AIO's); textile product knowledge; and product experience. Data were obtained from questionnaires completed by 543 women over 18 years of age residing in the Colum bus, Ohio, area. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis, multiple discriminant analysis and correlations.Communicators and noncommunicators of complaints about clothing performance differed in their personal characteristics. Noncommunicators disliked taking complaint action, were shy and lacking self confidence, lacked knowledge of textile selection and care, and were willing to overlook defects. In addition, communicators had higher incomes than noncommunicators. Thus the research gave additional support to the premise that many consumers do not complain to the retailer when products fail to perform satisfactorily.
Changing Function of Symbolism in Design of Korean Silk Textiles
Authors: Kwon Yoon‐Hee 
Published: March 2007

The focus of this research was to investigate the changing function of symbolism in design of Korean silk fabrics for dress which were woven between 1875 and 1975. Photographs of silk samples were collected according to motif categories from Korean University museums, a private collection, and silk manufacturing companies. These were examined with regard to design changes in the areas of (1) types of motifs, (2) combinations of motifs, (3) configurations of motifs, (4) organization of motifs, and (5) visual importance of motifs, with regard to symbolism.The major findings of the study were as follows:Types and combinations of motifs used in Korean silk fabrics during the 1875–1975 period underwent change from symbolic to non‐symbolic in nature. Naturalistic and stylized configura tions of motifs dominate the Korean silk designs. Motif‐oriented pattern arrangement dominates the organization of motif due to the emphasis placed on the symbolic character of individual motifs, although the number of pattern‐oriented arrangements has increased in recent years. The findings indicate that the concept of design has changed from symbolic to decorative type.
Competency‐ Based Inservice Instruction for Home Economics Teachers
Authors: Meszaros Peggy S. , Baird Joan 
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this quasi‐experimental study was to investigate the effectiveness of two compe tency‐based inservice workshops for home economics teachers in Maryland. Teachers enrolled in a family relations workshop served as the control group. Forty‐six teachers and 839 of their students participated in the study.The competency‐based inservice workshops were effective in increasing knowledge, making atti tudes more positive, and increasing time spent individualizing instruction. The 3‐week workshop was more effective than the 1‐week workshop, and teachers who spent more time individualizing instruction were perceived by their students as more concerned. Teachers in the experimental and control groups showed similar mean levels of commitment, and commitment did not change significantly over the time of the study.
Differentiation of Classroom Climate Among Home Economics Teachers
Authors: Zimmerman Karen W. , Fanslow Alyce M. 
Published: March 2007

The Student Estimate of Teacher Concern (SETC) has been used to describe an individual student's perception of the classroom climate as well as the overall classroom environment. This research determines the appropriateness of the SETC in both contexts. Analysis of variance based on student responses to 48 teachers, in 1 to 6 of their classrooms at grade levels 7 to 12, resulted in 22 items differentiating among teachers. Classroom climate scales were established by examina tion of both the between‐teachers and pooled within‐teacher correlation matrices.Two scales resulted from the between‐teachers matrix and four from the pooled within‐teacher matrix. Comparison of these results showed the two between‐teachers scales essentially duplicated two of the four scales from the within‐teacher analyses. These findings suggest that none of the scales of the SETC measure classroom dimensions that are a function of the teacher and that the scales are more appropriately used for assessing an individual's perception of climate. The study also provides a workable methodology by which an inventory to measure classroom climate dimen sions attributable to teachers could be developed.
Electric Energy Used by Major Cooking Appliances
Authors: Lovingood Rebecca P. , Goss Rosemary C. 
Published: March 2007

Energy consumption and time were compared for cooking one week's meals for a four‐ member family with a conventional range, a smooth‐top range with thermostatically con trolled surface units (Smooth‐top T), a smooth‐top range with nonthermostatically controlled surface units (Smooth‐top N), and a countertop microwave oven in conjunction with each range. Procedures were developed within parameters of the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers Standard Menu for Range Energy Testing.The microwave oven in conjunction with the conventional range used the least energy and time. Of the ranges, the conventional and Smooth‐top T were similar in energy consumption. Although cooking on Smooth‐top T was slower than the microwave or the conventional, cook ing on Smooth‐top N was the most energy—and time—consuming.
Teaching Nutrition with Films
Authors: Williams Virginia H. , Aleong John , Merrow Susan B. , Morse Ellen H. 
Published: March 2007

One pretest and two posttests were administered to 427 students to determine if the “Mulligan Stew” film series was effective with grades 2–3 as well as grades 4–6 from a rural population and how well the knowledge gained was retained. And, pre‐ and posttests were given to 290 children to establish the grade level of teaching effectiveness of a new film on nutrition and gardening. The appropriateness of the conventional least squares analysis of variance to determine significance of differences among grades and sexes and the McNemar's test to determine significance of differences between these tests is discussed. Subsequently, a new method of evaluating the effectiveness of teaching tools is presented.The “Mulligan Stew” film series resulted in a significant increase in the nutrition knowledge of both sexes in grades 2–3 as well as grades 4–6 from a rural population, and the information learned was retained for 6 months. For maximum learning the film “How Does Your Garden Grow?” is recommended for grades 3–6. The “LE” (learning effectiveness) statistic provides a new means of comparing teaching effectiveness of teaching tools.
Research News
Authors: Ritchey S.J. , Lovingood Rebecca P. 
Published: March 2007

The Home Economics Research Journal Policy Board is very pleased to announce that Drs. S. J. Ritchey and Rebecca P. Lovingood began their terms as Associate Editors of the Home Economics Research Journal on November 1, 1979. When Dr. Joan Gordon completes her term as Editor on June 30, 1980, Dr. Ritchey will become Editor and Dr. Lovingood, Associate Editor, for a three‐year term, 1980–1983. Dr. Ritchey is Associate Dean and will become Dean, effective September 1, 1980, College of Home Economics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061. Dr. Lovingood is an Associate Professor, College of Home Economics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.All manuscripts should continue to be sent to Dr. Gordon at the University of Minnesota un til June 30, 1980. After that time, they should be submitted to Dr. Ritchey at Virginia Tech. Drs. Ritchey and Lovingood have been participating in the manuscript review, selection, and editing process on all manuscripts received since November, 1979 in order that the editorial transition could take place smoothly.
Determinants of Family Size for Low‐Income Families: Sex Role Orientation and Value of Children
Authors: Heltsley Mary E. , Warren Richard D. , Lu Helen Hong‐Min 
Published: March 2007

The purpose of the study was to examine the determinants of family size in a sample of low‐ income married couples. The model used in the study views the relationship between sociodemographic variables, sex role orientation, value of children, and family size as a developmental sequence. The data for the study were gathered by interviewing 120 midwestern low‐income married couples (n = 240). Path regression analysis was used to test the model for the husbands and wives separately.Since the husbands and wives in the study are couples, a one‐fold nested‐error design was used to assess the difference in path regression coefficients for the husbands and wives. The results show that a pooled coefficient (common) can be used for length of marriage and sex role orientation, length of marriage and family size, age of marriage and family size, and education and value of children. According to this study, separate coefficients for wives and husbands are needed for the influence of sex role on value of children.
Clothing Demand in the United States: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Dardis Rachel , Derrick Frederick , Lehfeld Alane 
Published: March 2007

This paper examined factors influencing clothing expenditures by households in the United States. In particular, the impact of various household characteristics on clothing expenditures was investigated using data from the 1972–73 Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Ex penditure Survey. The results indicated that income plays a major role in concert with demographic characteristics in determining household expenditures on clothing and services.Expenditures were positively related to income and education and negatively related to age of household head. Households headed by blacks with wives in the labor force spent more on clothing than other households. Location also proved to be a significant variable with urban households spending more on clothing expenditures than rural households.The results should provide information concerning the demand for clothing under different economic and demographic conditions.
Heat Transmission in Buildings: Combined Effect of Absorptance and Thermal Inertia of Exterior Walls
Authors: Guglielmini Giovanni , Magrini Ugo , Nannei Enrico 
Published: March 2007

This paper pertains to the combined effect of thermal inertia and surface absorptance for solar radiation of exterior walls on the thermal behaviour of buildings in unsteady state conditions. The calculations have been carried out for different absorp tance values and for outside walls of different thermal inertia. The absorptance remarkably affects the temperature-time distribution of the peripheral walls and of the ambient.
European Activities in the Area of Industrial Thermal Insulation
Authors: Tye R.P. 
Published: March 2007

More emphasis is now being placed on energy conservation measures for in dustrial processes especially in the much wider use of thermal insulation materials and systems. This, in turn, has demonstrated that there are problem areas and that there is a need for additional research and development to be undertaken in order to utilize thermal insulation more effectively for maximum conservation benefits. The present investigation describes a number of major economic and technical activities currently being carried out in Europe to address some of the problems. These are assessed and related both to the overall needs of the sub ject and to similar activities and needs in the USA.
Clinical assessment of student nurses
Authors: Whiting Lisa 
Published: March 2007

■ The value of the clinical assessment of student nurses is recognised by practitioners ■ The role of clinical assessor needs total commitment ■ The rigour of the clinical assessment of student nurses is critical to the future of children's nursing ■ Appropriate preparation for the role of clinical assessor is an essential pre-requisite to effective assessment in practice ■ The responsibilities of the clinical assessor may impinge upon the care of the child and family
Jewish Expressions in Mark 14.61-62 and the Authenticity of the Jewish Examination of Jesus
Authors: Bock Darrell 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis essay assesses Maurice Casey's critique of work on Mk 14.61-62 found in my Blasphemy and Exaltation in Judaism. The article examines again and brings more detailed argument for the authenticity of these verses as well as questioning elements of his critique. The Jewish background fits the trial setting in a way that is unlikely to reflect an early church creation for a Gentile audience (i.e. Mark did not create this material). The essay also shows how solemn this exchange was once it is seen in light of this back ground. An array of Jewish texts illumine the expressions of the 'Blessed One' and 'the Power'. A positive assessment of this passage's authenticity is significant for historical Jesus studies.
The Effect of Water Activity and Penetrant Vapor Activity On the Permeation of Toluene Vapor Through a Two-Side Pvdc Coated Opaque Oriented Polypropylene Film
Authors: Liu K.J. , Hernandez R.J. , Giacin J.R. 
Published: March 2007

The permeance of toluene vapor through an oriented polypro pylene film coated with a copolymer of vinylidene chloride (PVDC) was evalu ated as a function of water activity and penetrant vapor concentration. It was found that the value of permeance increased as both toluene and water activity increased. Toluene permeance values exhibited a strong dependency on toluene vapor concentration. This concentration dependency was shown to be less intense at high water activity values. Similarly, the effect of water activity-at a specified toluene concentration-on the permeance of toluene diminished as the values of permeant concentration increased. These results illustrate the complex rela tionship of penetrant vapor concentration and water activity on organic vapor permeability through a multilayer structure.
Human papillomavirus testing by self-sampling: assessment of accuracy in an unsupervised clinical setting
Authors: Szarewski Anne , Cadman Louise , Mallett Susan , Austin Janet , Londesborough Philip , Waller Jo , Wardle Jane , Altman Douglas G , Cuzick Jack 
Published: March 2007

Objectives: To compare the performance and acceptability of unsupervised self-sampling with clinician sampling for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types for the first time in a UK screening setting. Setting: Nine hundred and twenty women, from two demographically different centres, attending for routine cervical smear testing Methods: Women performed an unsupervised HPV self-test. Immediately afterwards, a doctor or nurse took an HPV test and cervical smear. Women with an abnormality on any test were offered colposcopy. Results: Twenty-one high-grade and 39 low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) were detected. The sensitivity for high-grade disease (CIN2+) for the self HPV test was 81% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60–92), clinician HPV test 100% (95% CI 85–100), cytology 81% (95% CI 60–92). The sensitivity of both HPV tests to detect high- and low-grade cervical neoplasia was much higher than that of cytology (self-test 77% [95%CI 65–86], clinician test 80% [95% CI 68–88], cytology 48% [95% CI 36–61]). For both high-grade alone, and high and low grades together, the specificity was significantly higher for cytology (greater than 95%) than either HPV test (between 82% and 87%). The self-test proved highly acceptable to women and they reported that the instructions were easy to understand irrespective of educational level. Conclusions: Our results suggest that it would be reasonable to offer HPV self-testing to women who are reluctant to attend for cervical smears. This approach should now be directly evaluated among women who have been non-attenders in a cervical screening programme.
Changes in breast cancer mortality in Navarre (Spain) after introduction of a screening programme
Authors: Ascunce Elizaga N , Moreno-Iribas C , Barcos Urtiaga A , Ardanaz E , Ederra Sanz M , Castilla J , Egüés N 
Published: March 2007

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess changes in the trend of breast cancer mortality in Navarre, and the effect that a screening programme may have had on these changes. Methods: A breast cancer screening programme targeting women aged 45–65 years was launched in Navarre in September 1990. Breast cancer deaths between 1975 and 2004 were identified from the Navarre Mortality Registry, and the date of diagnosis was obtained by linkage with the population-based Navarre Cancer Registry. We compared breast cancer mortality during the pre-screening (1987–89) and screening (2002–04) periods, and with the estimated rate in the last period calculated by a linear model with a Poisson distribution. The long-term trends (from 1975 through 2004) were described by joinpoint regression analysis. Prevalent cases (those diagnosed before 1991) were excluded to minimize dilution of the benefit in the post-screening period due to deaths from tumours diagnosed before screening began. Results: The joinpoint analysis showed a rising trend in breast cancer mortality rates until 1994, followed by a continual decrease of just over 5% per year. A comparison of mortality rates between the last pre-screening and the screening periods showed a decrease of 36% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21–48%), with the largest reduction in the 50–69 years age group (52%; CI: 33–65%). In this age group, mortality in the 2002–04 period was 62% lower than that projected from extrapolation of the pre-screening trend, while in unscreened age groups (30–44 and ≥75 years), mortality was only 22% lower. When prevalent tumours were excluded, the 50–69 years age group presented a further decrease in mortality than when all tumours were considered. Conclusions: Fourteen years after the introduction of a screening programme, a major reduction in breast cancer mortality has been observed.
Diffusion‐weighted interleaved echo‐planar imaging with a pair of orthogonal navigator echoes
Authors: Butts Kim , de Crespigny Alex , Pauly John M. , Moseley Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis work describes a diffusion‐weighted (DW) interleaved echo‐planar imaging (IEPI) method for use on either conventional whole‐body scanners or scanners equipped with highspeed gradient and receiver hardware. In combination with cardiac gating and motion correction with a pair of orthogonal navigator echoes, the presented method is time‐efficient, compensates for patient motions, and is less sensitive to image distortions than single‐shot methods. The motion‐correction scheme consists of correction for constant and linear phase terms found from the orthogonal navigator echoes. The correction for the linear phase term in the phase‐encode direction includes gridding the data to the Cartesian grid. The DW IEPI was used to image a phantom rotating about the slice‐select direction, and motion correction was performed to eliminate ghost artifacts arising from motion in either the readout‐ or phase‐encoding directions. DW IEPI with motion correction was performed on a normal volunteer and on a patient with a 26‐day‐old region of ischemia over much of the right hemisphere.
Prediction of Success in an Applied M.A. Psychology Program
Authors: Federici Louise , Schuerger James 
Published: March 2007

This study investigated the extent to which various traditional measures (test scores, undergraduate GPA, and letters of recommendation) and less traditional measures (interview ratings and biographical information) would predict each of two criteria of success in a subdoctoral program in applied psychology: (a) academic competency defined as grade point average (GPA) in graduate school, and (b) faculty ratings of selected interpersonal skills. The traditional measures were significantly but modestly related to academic competency. The use of biographical information and interview ratings was supported in selecting for interpersonal skills. Ratings of letters of recommendation failed to show a relationship to either GPA or ratings of interpersonal skills.
The Scaling of Paired Comparison Data With one or More Extreme Stimuli: a Comparison of three Models
Authors: Wild Bradford S. , Cabral Robert M. 
Published: March 2007

Two models for the scaling of paired comparison data are compared to the Thurstone case III model. One model is based upon parameter estimates derived from the normal approximation of the binomial distribution, and the other from the beta density function defined over the unit interval. Procedures are given for estimating the parameters for each model, and arguments are presented in favor of a skewed characteristic distribution function in cases where the scale includes extreme stimuli. Two indices of goodness of fit are presented for each of five data sets. The results generally illustrate the inability of the Thurstone case III model to adequately account for the data when the scale includes one or more extreme stimuli. The beta model performed well for all five data sets but fit best under just those conditions where the Thurstone model performed poorly. The binomial approximation performed adequately on three of the five data sets and would seem to be a simpler alternative estimation procedure to the Thurstone procedures when the normality assumption is tenable.
Rheology of Dispersions of High Aspect Ratio Submicroscopic Whiskers
Authors: Baum George 
Published: March 2007

An unusual form of single crystal whiskers of β SiC was in vestigated in terms of the rheological properties of its suspensions in several fluids. Individual whiskers could not be separated intact from the fiber mass produced in the reactor. Capillary viscosity measurements were used to estimate the length of the fibers. An aspect ratio of 10,000 is obtained by the use of Burgers' equation for the viscosity of suspensions of rigid rods. The fibers are shown to be remarkably effective at low concen trations (<0.1%) in increasing the viscosity of a silicone, a hydro carbon and an alkylphosphonate fluid. The suspensions also exhibited pseudoplastic flow behavior.