bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated stratigraphical, hydrogeochemical, and geophysical studies to characterize the shallow groundwater aquifers in Wadi Araba area, western Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Salem Zenhom E. , Abdelazeem Maha , Khalifa Mohamed Mostafa , Fathy Mohamed Sobhy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe construction of the New Galala City besides great mining (e.g., konoozmisr) and Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant projects in the semiarid Gulf of Suez region of Egypt increases the demand for groundwater resources. So, the current research provides integrated stratigraphical, hydrogeochemical, and geophysical studies to investigate the shallow groundwater aquifers in Wadi Araba area on the western side of the Gulf of Suez. The stratigraphic column starts with pre-Cambrian basement rocks which are non-conformably overlain by sedimentary succession of Phanerozoic Erathem. A detailed land magnetic profile has been conducted and processed to estimate the aquifer’s geometrical parameters. This includes the subsurface spatial extension and thickness to delineate the prevailed subsurface structures in the study area. Lithostratigraphically, these aquifers are represented by the Paleozoic- lower Cretaceous siliciclastic-dominated sediments of the Nubia Group and fractured carbonate-dominated facies of the upper Cretaceous Galala Formation. Lithological characters, sedimentary facies (fluvial to shallow and open marine), microfacies types, and diagenesis processes (e.g., compaction, cementation, dissolution, and fracturing) are the main factors that affect the quality of the shallow aquifers in the study area. The main microfacies of the studied aquifers are quartz arenite, subarkose, sublitharenite, mudstone/wackestone, and packstone/grainstone. These facies are characterized by different primary and secondary porosities. According to the water sampling standard methods, nineteen groundwater samples were collected from the available hand-dug wells and springs from the Nubian sandstone aquifer and the Upper Cretaceous aquifer, respectively. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), titration, spectrophotometer and a flame photometer were used to obtain a complete chemical analysis. The results of hydrochemical analyses indicated that total dissolved solids (TDS) and concentrations of major ions as well in the lower Cretaceous aquifer increase toward the Gulf of Suez and in general higher than that of springs of the Upper Cretaceous Aquifer. The predominant factors influencing groundwater chemistry include seawater intrusion, evaporation, mineral alteration, dissolution of fossils, and ion exchange. Groundwater in the study area is unsuitable for drinking except in one sample and moderately suitable for irrigation with caution for higher salinity in samples located near the Gulf of Suez.
Uncertainty assessment of aquifer hydraulic parameters from pumping test data
Authors: Bashandy Azza M. , Bekhit Hesham M. , Radwan Hany G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractData from pumping tests is a noisy process, and therefore, performing the pumping test numerous times will not get the same drawdown values. As a consequence, various pumping experiments lead to different values for aquifer parameter estimates. The data of pumping tests are usually analyzed using traditional methods (aquifer tests and AQtesolv software), which depend on trial and error technique. During these methods, non-unique values of hydraulic parameters are selected, which usually have a high level of uncertainty. Uncertainty must be taken into account in determining aquifer parameters, especially when using groundwater models for decision makers. The main goal of this study is to build a comprehensive tool for quantifying uncertainty associated with hydraulic parameter estimation from different pumping test conditions for fully penetrating wells in confined and semi-confined aquifers. To achieve the previous objective, a FORTRAN code was developed to apply the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm using different likelihood functions (exponential, inverse, and log). This developed tool can be used to detect the most probable range of aquifer parameters that are consistent with pumping test data with a high degree of confidence. The tool was successfully used to several hypothetical cases to demonstrate the uncertainty in the quantification of aquifer parameters and compare the findings to the standard method's results. Also, the concept was verified numerically (using Modflow program) with satisfactory results using a hypothetical case with well-known aquifer parameters. Finally, the tool was applied for actual pumping test data with good results.
Sleeve gastrectomy links the attenuation of diabetic kidney disease to the inhibition of renal tubular ferroptosis through down-regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway
Authors: Liu C. , Zhong M. , Jin X. , Zhu J. , Cheng Y. , Li L. , Xu Q. , Liu Q. , Ding H. , Zhang G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate how sleeve gastrectomy (SG), a typical operation of bariatric surgery, attenuated symptom, and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Methods
DKD model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin in Wistar rats. SG was performed, and the group subjected to sham surgery served as control. The animals were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery, followed by sample collection for the subsequent experiment. The HK-2, a renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line derived from human, was utilized to investigate the potential mechanisms.

Results
SG improved metabolic parameters and glucose homeostasis, and could alleviate DKD in terms of renal function indices as well as histological and morphological structures in DM rats, accompanied with a significant reduction in renal tubular injury. Compared with sham group, SG reduced the renal tubular ferroptosis. To further clarify the mechanism involved, in vitro experiments were performed. In the presence of high glucose, renal tubular TGF-β1 secretion was significantly increased in HK-2 cell line, which led to activation of ferroptosis through TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Inhibition of TGF-β1 receptor and phosphorylation of Smad3 significantly ameliorated TGF-β1-mediated ferroptosis. In vivo experiments also found that SG improved the hyperglycemic environment, reduced renal TGF-β1 concentrations, and down-regulated the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

Conclusions
With the capacity to lower the glucose, SG could attenuate the ferroptosis by inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway in DKD rats, and eventually attenuated DKD.
Multi-class hate speech detection in the Norwegian language using FAST-RNN and multilingual fine-tuned transformers
Authors: Hashmi Ehtesham , Yayilgan Sule Yildirim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe growth of social networks has provided a platform for individuals with prejudiced views, allowing them to spread hate speech and target others based on their gender, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation. While positive interactions within diverse communities can considerably enhance confidence, it is critical to recognize that negative comments can hurt people’s reputations and well-being. This emergence emphasizes the need for more diligent monitoring and robust policies on these platforms to protect individuals from such discriminatory and harmful behavior. Hate speech is often characterized as an intentional act of aggression directed at a specific group, typically meant to harm or marginalize them based on certain aspects of their identity. Most of the research related to hate speech has been conducted in resource-aware languages like English, Spanish, and French. However, low-resource European languages, such as Irish, Norwegian, Portuguese, Polish, Slovak, and many South Asian, present challenges due to limited linguistic resources, making information extraction labor-intensive. In this study, we present deep neural networks with FastText word embeddings using regularization methods for multi-class hate speech detection in the Norwegian language, along with the implementation of multilingual transformer-based models with hyperparameter tuning and generative configuration. FastText outperformed other deep learning models when stacked with Bidirectional LSTM and GRU, resulting in the FAST-RNN model. In the concluding phase, we compare our results with the state-of-the-art and perform interpretability modeling using Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the model’s decision-making mechanisms.
Do Territories with Geographical Indications Trade Better?
Authors: Giua Mara , Salvatici Luca , Vaquero-Piñeiro Cristina , Solazzo Roberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDo Geographical Indications (GIs) have an impact on local export dynamics? This paper uses a panel geo-referenced dataset and a quasi-experimental approach based on Propensity Score Matching and Difference in Differences methods. Specifically, the study focuses on the impact of the European GI scheme on the wine sector export dynamics of Italian municipalities. Findings suggest that GIs positively impact wine export performance. Additionally, the positive impact of GIs spills over to the overall agri-food sector: taking similar non-GI municipalities as a benchmark, GI municipalities saw a higher increase in the value, volume, and unit value of export both in the wine and the overall agri-food sector. The positive impact involves both extra- and intra-EU trade flows and it is confirmed for rural areas as well for municipalities belonging to regions with weak institutions.
Wettability Gradient-Induced Diode: MXene-Engineered Membrane for Passive-Evaporative Cooling
Authors: Lei Leqi , Meng Shuo , Si Yifan , Shi Shuo , Wu Hanbai , Yang Jieqiong , Hu Jinlian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Thermoregulatory textiles, leveraging high-emissivity structural materials, have arisen as a promising candidate for personal cooling management; however, their advancement has been hindered by the underperformed water moisture transportation capacity, which impacts on their thermophysiological comfort. Herein, we designed a wettability-gradient-induced-diode (WGID) membrane achieving by MXene-engineered electrospun technology, which could facilitate heat dissipation and moisture-wicking transportation. As a result, the obtained WGID membrane could obtain a cooling temperature of 1.5 °C in the “dry” state, and 7.1 °C in the “wet” state, which was ascribed to its high emissivity of 96.40% in the MIR range, superior thermal conductivity of 0.3349 W m−1 K−1 (based on radiation- and conduction-controlled mechanisms), and unidirectional moisture transportation property. The proposed design offers an approach for meticulously engineering electrospun membranes with enhanced heat dissipation and moisture transportation, thereby paving the way for developing more efficient and comfortable thermoregulatory textiles in a high-humidity microenvironment.
Challenges and Opportunities in Preserving Key Structural Features of 3D-Printed Metal/Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Liu Ximeng , Zhao Dan , Wang John 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) and covalent organic framework (COF) are a huge group of advanced porous materials exhibiting attractive and tunable microstructural features, such as large surface area, tunable pore size, and functional surfaces, which have significant values in various application areas. The emerging 3D printing technology further provides MOF and COFs (M/COFs) with higher designability of their macrostructure and demonstrates large achievements in their performance by shaping them into advanced 3D monoliths. However, the currently available 3D printing M/COFs strategy faces a major challenge of severe destruction of M/COFs’ microstructural features, both during and after 3D printing. It is envisioned that preserving the microstructure of M/COFs in the 3D-printed monolith will bring a great improvement to the related applications. In this overview, the 3D-printed M/COFs are categorized into M/COF-mixed monoliths and M/COF-covered monoliths. Their differences in the properties, applications, and current research states are discussed. The up-to-date advancements in paste/scaffold composition and printing/covering methods to preserve the superior M/COF microstructure during 3D printing are further discussed for the two types of 3D-printed M/COF. Throughout the analysis of the current states of 3D-printed M/COFs, the expected future research direction to achieve a highly preserved microstructure in the 3D monolith is proposed.
Academic integrity and copyright literacy policy and instruction in K-12 schools: a global study from the perspective of school library professionals
Authors: Hossain Zakir , Çelik Özgür , Hertel Corinne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examined the policies and instructional practices related to academic integrity and copyright literacy in K-12 schools through the lens of school library professionals. Since school librarians play a key role in promoting academic integrity and copyright literacy in schools, they were chosen. An online survey was administered to school library professionals in 85 countries using a mixed methods approach, yielding 569 responses. The results revealed that many K-12 schools lack policies on academic integrity and copyright, and there is variability in the perceived value, implementation and teaching of these literacies. While most school library professionals reported teaching academic integrity and copyright literacy in their schools, implementing effective pedagogies remains challenging. Collaboration between school library professionals and teachers, along with the use of multimedia resources, were identified as potential strategies for practical education and instruction. The study highlights the need for greater attention to be given to these literacies in K-12 education and calls for the development of policies, necessary support and effective teaching methods to ensure students are knowledgeable and well-prepared for higher education.
Measure of non-compactness and limiting interpolation with slowly varying functions
Authors: Cobos Fernando , Fernández-Cabrera Luz M. , Grover Manvi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe give estimates for the measure of non-compactness of an operator interpolated by the limiting methods involving slowly varying functions. As applications we establish estimates for the measure of non-compactness of operators acting between Lorentz–Karamata spaces.
Lowest instrumented vertebrae in early onset scoliosis: is there a role for a more selective approach?
Authors: Heffernan Michael J. , Leonardi Claudia , Andras Lindsay M. , Fontenot Bailli , Drake Luke , Pahys Joshua M. , Smith John T. , Sturm Peter F. , Thompson George H. , Glotzbecker Michael P. , Tetreault Tyler A. , Roye Benjamin D. ,   Pediatric Spine Study Group, Li Ying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This purpose of this study was to assess the impact of patient and implant characteristics on LIV selection in ambulatory children with EOS and to assess the relationship between the touched vertebrae (TV), the last substantially touched vertebrae (LSTV), the stable vertebrae (SV), the sagittal stable vertebrae (SSV), and the LIV.

Methods
A multicenter pediatric spine database was queried for patients ages 2–10 years treated by growth friendly instrumentation with at least 2-year follow up. The relationship between the LIV and preoperative spinal height, curve magnitude, and implant type were assessed. The relationships between the TV, LSTV, SV, SSV, and the LIV were also evaluated.

Results
Overall, 281 patients met inclusion criteria. The LIV was at L3 or below in most patients with a lumbar LIV: L1 (9.2%), L2 (20.2%), L3 (40.9%), L4 (29.5%). Smaller T1 − T12 length was associated with more caudal LIV selection (p = 0.001). Larger curve magnitudes were similarly associated with more caudal LIV selection (p = < 0.0001). Implant type was not associated with LIV selection (p = 0.32) including MCGR actuator length (p = 0.829). The LIV was caudal to the TV in 78% of patients with a TV at L2 or above compared to only 17% of patients with a TV at L3 or below (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Most EOS patients have an LIV of L3 or below and display TV–LIV and LSTV–LIV incongruence. These findings suggest that at the end of treatment, EOS patients rarely have the potential for selective thoracic fusion. Further work is necessary to assess the potential for a more selective approach to LIV selection in EOS.

Level of evidence
III.
Effect of warm forming process parameters on 42CrMo4 skew rolled bar mechanical properties and microstructure
Authors: Murillo-Marrodán Alberto , Bulzak Tomasz , García Eduardo , Derazkola Hamed Aghajani , Majerski Krzysztof , Tomczak Janusz , Pater Zbigniew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSkew rolling is a manufacturing process in which two or three rolls are used to reduce the diameter or modify the shape of a cylindrical workpiece, which is used to manufacture mechanical components such as shafts, rods or balls. Hot conditions are used to overcome limitations related to material ductility, residual stress and machine capacity. In this paper, the warm skew rolling (WSR) process of 42CrMo4 rods is modeled by the finite element method. The effects of forming parameters, namely initial temperature and roll rotational velocity, on the material strain rate, thermal properties, microstructure and hardness were analyzed. Simulation results were validated by experimental process data, while hardness tests and SEM-EBSD microscopy were used to assess mechanical properties and microstructure, respectively. The WSR resulting microstructure is different from the normalized ferritic–pearlitic initial one. The degree of spheroidization (DoS) of cementite increases with temperature. The maximum DoS of 86.5% occurs at the initial temperature of 750 °C, leading to the highest material softening. Rolling from lower temperatures favors grain fragmentation and the achievement of incomplete spheroidization, which, in combination with the highest proportion of high-angle boundaries, contributes to a higher hardness of the rods with respect to those rolled at higher temperatures. The highest reduction in hardness takes place at 750 °C and 30 rpm, leading to 209.4 HV1 (30.7% reduction) and 194.1 HV1 (35.7% reduction) in the near-surface and internal regions, respectively. The driving factor is the transformation of cementite precipitates into a spheroidal form characterized by the greatest degree of dispersion.
Cultural heritage and urban morphology: land use transformation in ‘Kumbh Mela’ of Prayagraj, India
Authors: Yadav Divyata , Mahato Susanta , Choudhary Akshita , Joshi P. K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA Hindu pilgrimage site where millions of people gather to seek solutions to problems related to everyday life, the “Kumbh Mela” is recognised as one of India’s intangible cultural heritages. The site of the observance rotates between four cities, Haridwar, Ujjain, Nashik and Prayagraj. The infrastructure and services in the city that is hosting such a gathering undergo numerous changes as a result of the sizeable gathering. The goal of the study is to monitor the changes in Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) in the city of Prayagraj before and after the “Kumbh Mela” and to evaluate the effect on infrastructure changes in the citry. Analyzing the changes that such pilgrimages and events bring about in cities are fascinating. In 2019, the city of Prayagraj hosted the “Kumbh”, hence, Pre-Kumbh (2016), Kumbh (2019), and Post-Kumbh (2022) phases were taken under consideration for LULC change assessment. Supervised classification was conducted using Maximum Likelihood Classifier to prepare LULC maps. It was observed that urbanisation has significantly increased at the expense of vegetation, fallow land, and agricultural land. The success of the local agroforestry policy and plantation drive is demonstrated by the interesting increase in vegetation that has been observed. The construction of a civil airport, the widening of existing roads, the installation of new railroad tracks, and the adornment of roundabouts on existing roads are the major infrastructure changes. The findings offer fresh insights of increasing urban infrastructure from a cultural perspective. The findings will aid in better planning and policy development for the resilient and sustainable infrastructure, as well as in the development of a long-term strategy for the temporary habitation in the “Kumbh” area of such cities.
MSSD: multi-scale self-distillation for object detection
Authors: Jia Zihao , Sun Shengkun , Liu Guangcan , Liu Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKnowledge distillation techniques have been widely used in the field of deep learning, usually by extracting valid information from a neural network with a large number of parameters and a high learning capacity (the teacher model) to a neural network with a small number of parameters and a low learning capacity (the student model). However, there are inefficiencies in the transfer of knowledge between teacher and student. The student model does not fully learn all the knowledge of the teacher model. Therefore, we aim to achieve knowledge distillation of our network layer by a single model, i.e., self-distillation. We also apply the idea of self-distillation to the object detection task and propose a multi-scale self-distillation approach, where we argue that knowledge distillation of the information contained in feature maps at different scales can help the model better detect small targets. In addition, we propose a Gaussian mask based on the target region as an auxiliary detection method to improve the accuracy of target position detection in the distillation process. We then validate our approach on the KITTI dataset using a single-stage detector YOLO. The results demonstrate a 2.8% improvement in accuracy over the baseline model without the use of a teacher model.
Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments from Ifiekporo Creek, Warri, Nigeria
Authors: Berezi Okpoebi Kenneth , Aghomi Sisanmi Samuel , Eriegha Ochuko Joshua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe occurrence and level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove sediment from Ifiekporo Creek in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria, were assessed in this study. The extraction of PAHs from the sediment samples was achieved using the PAH analytical test method (USEPA 8270). This method measures the individual concentrations of extractable PAHs in samples. The PAHs were quantified within the C11-C22 subgroup. The basic GC parameters for the analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons were analysed using a gas chromatography‒mass selective detector (GC‒MSD). The individual PAH concentrations in the mangrove sediment samples ranged from 850 µg/kg−1 to 3470 µg/kg−1. PAH source apportionment employing isomeric ratios and multivariate statistics indicated both pyrogenic and petrogenic source inputs in the sediment samples. The order of PAH homology in the sediment was 3-ring > 2-ring > 4-ring. The sediment samples were mostly dominated by LMW PAHs. The results of the ecological risk assessment in the study area indicate that there is low ecological risk associated with PAH exposure in sediment. These results provide data on the concentrations and compositional patterns of PAHs, which is useful for understanding the effects, sources, fates, and transport of PAHs in sediment in the study area, as well as for providing relevant information for environmental quality management and forensic studies.