bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repetitive Elements and Human Disorders
Authors: Hedges Dale J , Deininger Prescott L 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Repetitive sequences, consisting largely of transposable elements (TEs), comprise over 50% of the mammalian genome. Ongoing proliferation of human TEs results in a significant level of disease‐causing mutations. More frequently than insertional mutagenesis, TEs participate in nonallelic recombinations that generate both germ‐line and somatic mutations. Further exacerbating the deleterious nature of TEs, the protein products of some autonomous elements have been demonstrated to generate double‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) breaks, which have themselves been established as potent inducers of genetic instability. Other repetitive genomic sequence, such as segmental duplications and microsatellites (particularly triplet repeats), also promote genetic instability resulting in disease phenotypes.
Y
Chromosome
Authors: Tyler‐Smith Chris 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

The Y chromosome has a key role in human sex determination and carries the male sex‐determining gene,
SRY
. As a consequence of this function, it has unique genetic properties such as a large region that is haploid and escapes meiotic recombination, and unique physical properties such as low gene but high repeated sequence density. The sequence of the euchromatic half of the chromosome has been determined in one individual, and this is accelerating systematic studies of both sequence and structural variation in the population and their phenotypic consequences.
rRNAGenes: Evolution
Authors: Gonzalez Iris L , Sylvester James E 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe large ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene arrays undergo concerted evolution on both homologous and nonhomologous chromosomes, but coding and noncoding parts of the ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) unit are not homogenized to the same extent and at the same rate. We do not know if this is due to selection pressure, to localized recombination or gene conversions. New findings regarding array organization have raised the possibility that there are isolated clusters that only homogenize among/within themselves. It is not known if these noncanonical clusters are functional or not.
Metagenomics and Microbial Communities
Authors: Handelsman Jo 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Metagenomics is the genomic analysis of microbial communities. This new science provides access to organisms that are recalcitrant to culturing, as are the vast majority of microorganisms on Earth. Metagenomics thereby offers a first peek at the wide variety of life that has never been studied, thus providing new insight into the structure and function of ecosystems as diverse as the oceans and the human gastrointestinal tract.
Genetics and Tradition as Competing Sources of Knowledge of Human History
Authors: Egorova Yulia 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Recent genetic studies aiming to reconstruct the history of human migrations made a claim to be able to contribute to the writing of history. However, because such projects are closely linked to sociocultural ideas about the categorization of identity, race and ethnicity, they have raised a number of controversial cultural and political issues and are likely to have important potential socio‐political consequences. Though some such studies played a positive role helping the researched communities to reaffirm their identity, other projects yielded results that contradicted local narratives of origin.
Plant Virus Silencing Suppressors and
RNA
Silencing in Plants
Authors: Qu Feng , Morris T Jack 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Plants use ribonucleic acid (RNA) silencing to target virus RNAs for degradation, whereas plant viruses have evolved to encode strong suppressors of RNA silencing in response. Known targets of virus‐encoded suppressors include all major steps/components of the RNA silencing pathway(s).
The Mouse Genome as a Rodent Model in Evolutionary Studies
Authors: Vamathevan Jessica , Holbrook Joanna D , Emes Richard D 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The mouse genome provides a model mammalian system for comparative genomics, enabling discernment of the biological function of human genes. In particular the mouse genome sequence provides an unrivalled resource for medical bioscience, in encouraging a deeper understanding of the evolutionary history of potential drug targets.
An Evolutionary Framework for Common Disease
Authors: Luca Francesca , Di Rienzo Anna 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Susceptibility alleles for common diseases are a subset of all natural genetic variation; as such they are jointly shaped by random drift and natural selection. Computer simulation and empirical studies show that models of purifying selection and adaptive evolution apply to risk alleles for common diseases. These models have important implications for the design of disease‐mapping studies.
Transcription Factor‐binding Sites: Recent Evolution in the Human Lineage
Authors: Göttgens Berthold 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Alteration in transcriptional regulatory mechanisms represents an important platform for evolutionary change yet relatively little is known about the extent to which evolution of transcriptional control mechanisms has contributed to recent human evolution. Recent computational analysis suggests that a significant proportion of functional human–chimpanzee sequence differences may affect regulatory elements thus opening up a fruitful avenue for future research to identify pathways underlying recent human evolution and diversity as well as disease predisposition.
The Contribution of Frameshift Translation to the Generation of Novel Human Proteins
Authors: Okamura Kohji , Scherer Stephen W 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The creation of novel proteins is not simply ascribed to duplication of homologous sequences, but can be largely explained by frameshift translation. A deficiency of the TpA dinucleotide in protein‐coding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences renders them tolerant of frameshift mutations by minimizing the opportunity for premature stop codons, and involvement of both strands can increase genomic complexity. This supports the suggestion that new coding sequences evolve from existing or ancestral exons rather than from nonexonic sequences.
A method for the continuous calculation of the age of labeled red blood cells
Authors: Lindsell Christopher J. , Franco Robert S. , Smith Eric P. , Joiner Clinton H. , Cohen Robert M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNew methods for labeling red blood cells (RBC) and monitoring their survival have made it possible to explore changes in the properties of RBC as they age in the circulation. We have adapted a method, originally developed for studying wild animals, to calculate the age of a random sample of labeled RBC from their survival curve. We also show how this method can be expanded to allow continuous calculation of the mean age of the labeled RBC population at any time after labeling. It is expected that this analytical approach will be useful in the study of age‐dependent RBC changes. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
De novo maintenance therapy with denileukin diftitox (Ontak®) in a patient with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma is associated with prolonged remission
Authors: Wong Bryan Y. , Ma Yupo , Fitzwilson Robert , Dang Nam H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPeripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) is an aggressive form of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), associated with poor prognosis and without standard approach to treatment. Denileukin diftitox (Ontak®) is a synthetic fusion protein combining the receptor‐binding domain of interleukin‐2 to the enzymatically active portion of diphtheria toxin. While approved for the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, it has demonstrated activity in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas of both T‐cell and B‐cell origin. This report documents the first case of de novo maintenance therapy with denileukin diftitox sustaining an ongoing complete response at the molecular level for 2 years in a patient with PTCL. Am. J. Hematol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, structure determination and chemoselective catalytic studies of amino acids complexes of osmium(II)
Authors: Sarfraz Raja A. , Kazi Tasneem G. , Iqbal Shahid , Afridi Hassan I. , Jamali Mohammad K. , Jalbani Nusrat , Arain M. B. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe two new half sandwich amino acids complexes of osmium, i.e. [Os(η6‐p‐cymene)(κ1‐N‐(rac)‐phenylglycine methylester)Cl2] (A) and [Os(η6‐p‐cymene)(κ1‐N,N′‐(S)‐phenylalanineamido)Cl] (B) have been synthesized and employed for chemoselective reduction of ketones (nine α,β‐unsaturated ketones and three saturated ketones). The complexes were characterized by spectroscopic as well as analytical methods; their solid structures were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Both of the osmium complexes catalyze the reduction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones to saturated ketones via isomerization of the initially produced allylic alcohols. The reducible substrates were studied to obtain information on the steric and electronic factors which may affect the interaction of the substrate with the metal center and, thus, control the selectivity of the hydrogen‐transfer reductions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ferrocenyl glycopeptides as electrochemical probes to detect autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis patients' sera
Authors: Real‐Fernández Feliciana , Colson Amélie , Bayardon Jérome , Nuti Francesca , Peroni Elisa , Meunier‐Prest Rita , Lolli Francesco , Chelli Mario , Darcel Christophe , Jugé Sylvain , Papini Anna Maria 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGlycopeptide analogues of CSF114(Glc), modified at N‐terminus with new ferrocenyl carboxylic acid and a new ferrocenyl‐thiphosphino amino acid, were used to implement a new electrochemical biosensor for autoantibody detection in multiple sclerosis. The ferrocenyl moiety of these “electrochemical probes” did not affect autoantibody recognition both in SP‐ELISA and in inhibition experiments. By electrochemical monitoring the interactions of the modified peptides Fc‐CSF114(Glc) and 4‐FcPhP(S)Abu‐CSF114(Glc) with the autoantibodies, we demonstrated that autoantibodies could be detected with a sensitivity comparable to ELISA method. The new electrochemical probes can be proposed to characterize autoantibodies as biomarkers of multiple sclerosis by a simple, rapid, and reproducible cyclic voltammetry‐based diagnostic methodology. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 488–495, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Large scale motions in a biosensor protein glucose oxidase: A combined approach by QENS, normal mode analysis, and molecular dynamics studies
Authors: Tatke Sujit S. , Loong Chun K. , D'Souza Nicolas , Schoephoerster Richard T. , Prabhakaran M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe characteristics of the glucose oxidase were studied using a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques. Quasi elastic neutron scattering experiments were used to obtain the vibrational frequencies of the protein. These were compared to theoretical results obtained by normal mode analysis. Results indicate a good match between the experimental and theoretical values. Molecular dynamic simulation with covariant analysis was used to study the structure and dynamics of glucose oxidase. Various parameters like the radius of gyration, root mean square fluctuations, solvent accessibility were studied for evaluating the structural stability of the protein. The frequency of vibration calculated from the three methods is used to derive the large scale motions. Theses studies were used to predict the suitable lysine residues for linkage with carbon nanotubes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 582–594, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Conformations of β‐amino acid residues in peptides: X‐ray diffraction studies of peptides containing the achiral residue 1‐aminocyclohexaneacetic acid, β3,3Ac6c
Authors: Vasudev Prema G. , Rai Rajkishor , Shamala Narayanaswamy , Balaram Padmanabhan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe conformational preferences of the 3,3‐disubstituted β‐amino acid residue, 1‐aminocyclohexaneacetic acid (β3,3Ac6c) have been investigated by determining the crystal structures of the parent amino acid, the hydrochloride derivative, 10 protected derivatives and di and tripeptides. The symmetrical cyclohexyl substituent at the β‐position restricts the values of the torsion angles ϕ (NCβ) and θ (CβCα) to approximatelygauchevalues (±60°). Relatively few intramolecularly hydrogen bonded conformations are observed. In the dipeptide Boc‐β3,3Ac6c‐β3,3Ac6c‐NHMe a C6hydrogen bond is observed. In Piv‐Pro‐β3,3Ac6c‐NHMe a C11hydrogen bonded hybrid αβ turn is characterized. In a majority of cases the amino group occupies the axial position in the cyclohexane ring. The conformations observed are compared with crystallographically observed structures for other β‐residues, including β2,2Ac6c. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 138–150, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Characterization of new multimeric erythropoietin receptor agonists
Authors: Vadas Oscar , Hartley Oliver , Rose Keith 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn addition to its natural ligand, the receptor for erythropoietin can be activated by small peptides known as erythropoietin mimetic peptides (EMPs). Although EMPs are less potent than the natural ligand, EMP dimers, consisting of two EMPs joined via a linker, have been shown to exhibit significantly improved activity compared to the corresponding monomers, with potency approaching that of the native hormone. In this study, we used a panel of novel EMP dimers to explore the effects of linker length and EMP attachment site on potency. The EC50 values obtained in an EPO‐dependent proliferation assay indicated that, as has been shown with similar molecules, EMP dimerization can lead to increases in potency of more than 2 orders of magnitude. We found that both C‐terminal and N‐terminal attachment of the linker to EMP was tolerated, and that, with the exception of the shortest linker, all of the linker lengths tested provided a similar increase in potency. In follow‐up work devised to explore the potential benefit of contacting additional cell surface EPO receptors, we designed a tetrameric template consisting of lysine‐based dimers joined via commercial PEG linkers of various molecular weights. Evaluation of the resulting molecules indicated a clear effect of PEG linker size on activity, while the “dimer of dimer” with the shortest linker exhibited 10‐fold lower potency than the corresponding dimer, the longest tetramer increased potency by fivefold. We discuss the implications of these results for the further development of EMP multimers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 496–502, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Non‐bioengineered silk gland fibroin protein: Characterization and evaluation of matrices for potential tissue engineering applications
Authors: Mandal Biman B. , Kundu Subhas C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe possibility of using wild non‐mulberry silk protein as a biopolymer remains unexplored compared to domesticated mulberry silk protein. One of the main reasons for this was for not having any suitable method of extraction of silk protein fibroin from cocoons and silk glands. In this study non‐bioengineered non‐mulberry silk gland fibroin protein from tropical tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta, is regenerated and characterized using 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The new technique is important and unique because it uses a mild surfactant for fibroin dissolution and is advantageous over other previous reported techniques using chaotropic salts. Fabricated fibroin films are smooth as confirmed by atomic force microscopy. Circular dichroism spectrometry along with Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction reveal random coil/α‐helix conformations in regenerated fibroin which transform to β‐sheets, resulting in crystalline structure and protein insolubility through ethanol treatment. Differential scanning calorimetry shows an increase in glass transition (Tg) temperature and enhanced degradation temperature on alcohol treatment. Enhanced cell attachment and viability of AH927 feline fibroblasts were observed on fibroin matrices. Higher mechanical strength along with controllable water stability of regenerated gland fibroin films make non‐mulberry Indian tropical tasar silk gland fibroin protein a promising biomaterial for tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 1237–1250. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitric oxide reduction in BioDeNOx reactors: Kinetics and mechanism
Authors: van der Maas Peter , Manconi Isabella , Klapwijk Bram , Lens Piet 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBiological reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to di‐nitrogen (N2) gas in aqueous Fe(II)EDTA2− solutions is a key reaction in BioDeNOx, a novel process for NOx removal from flue gases. The mechanism and kinetics of the first step of NO reduction, that is, the conversion of NO to N2O, was determined in batch experiments using various types of inocula. Experiments were performed in Fe(II)EDTA2− medium (5–25 mM) under BioDeNOx reactor conditions (55°C, pH 7.2 ± 0.2) with ethanol as external electron donor. BioDeNOx reactor mixed liquor gave the highest NO reduction rates (±0.34 ${\rm nmol}\,{\rm s}^{ - 1} \,{\rm mg}_{{\rm prot}}^{ - 1} $) with an estimated Km value for NO lower than 10 nM. The specific NO (to N2O) reduction rate depended on the NO (aq) and Fe(II)EDTA2− concentration as well as the temperature. The experimental results, complemented with kinetic and thermodynamic considerations, show that Fe(II)EDTA2−, and not ethanol, is the primary electron donor for NO reduction, that is, the BioDeNOx reactor medium (the redox system Fe(II)EDTA2−/Fe(III)EDTA−) interferes with the NO reduction electron transfer chain and thus enhances the NO denitrification rate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 1099–1107. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations of KH and (KH)2 in Solid Hydrogen.
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Andrews Lester 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of New AA′BWO6 Perovskites Exhibiting Simultaneous Ordering of A‐Site and B‐Site Cations.
Authors: King Graham , Thimmaiah Srinivasa , Dwivedi Akansha , Woodward Patrick M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties of Cu‐Activated BaZnOS Phosphor.
Authors: Xia Yujuan , Huang Fuqiang , Wang Wendeng , Wang Anbao , Shi Jianlin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Method to Synthesize Polyhedral Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanofibers.
Authors: Lin Liang‐xu , Zheng Ying , Li Zhao‐hui , Shen Xiao‐nv , Wei Ke‐mei 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Solubility of Cobalt(IV) in Li8SiO6.
Authors: Muehle Claus , Jansen Martin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of CexCo4Ge6Se6.
Authors: Lin Qiyin , Smalley Arwyn L. E. , Johnson David C. , Martin J. , Nolas G. S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iterative Approach to Polyketide‐Type Structures: Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Polyols Utilizing the Catalytic Asymmetric Overman Esterification.
Authors: Binder Joerg T. , Kirsch Stefan F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalyzed Asymmetric β‐Amination and Multicomponent syn‐Selective Diamination of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Jiang Hao , Nielsen Johanne B. , Nielsen Martin , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral Hydroxyoxazolines Based on Ketopinic Acid and Their Use in the Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Barroso Santiago , Blay Gonzalo , Cardona Luz , Pedro Jose R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.