bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VisceralLeishmania donovaniInfection in Interleukin-13−/−Mice
Authors: Murray Henry W. , Tsai Christine W. , Liu Jianguo , Ma Xiaojing 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTLeishmania donovani-infected interleukin-13−/−BALB/c mice showed impaired initial gamma interferon secretion and incomplete granuloma assembly at parasitized liver foci. Nonetheless, control of early parasite replication, resolution of liver infection, and responsiveness to antileishmanial chemotherapy were intact. By itself, interleukin-13 does not appear to materially influence acquired resistance in this intracellular infection.
Temporal Distribution and Parasite Load Kinetics in Blood and Tissues during
Neospora caninum
Infection in Mice
Authors: Collantes-Fernández Esther , López-Pérez Inmaculada , Álvarez-García Gema , Ortega-Mora Luis M. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT

The kinetics of
Neospora caninum
loads in mice inoculated with NC-Liv or NC-1 isolates were studied. The acute phase was characterized by parasitemia and the detection of parasite DNA in several organs, whereas during the chronic phase, the parasite was detected mainly in the brain. Mice infected with NC-Liv developed clinical signs, showing higher brain parasite burdens than NC-1-infected mice.
Mutation of Phosphotransacetylase but Not Isocitrate Lyase Reduces the Virulence of
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium in Mice
Authors: Kim Yang Re , Brinsmade Shaun R. , Yang Zheng , Escalante-Semerena Jorge , Fierer Joshua 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT

A phosphotransacetylase (
pta
) mutant of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium was attenuated in mice but survived normally in macrophages. Complementation of the
pta
mutation in
trans
restored virulence. An isocitrate lyase (
aceA
) mutant was virulent, so the inability to use acetate as a sole carbon source does not explain the phenotype.
MUTUAL INFORMATION CLUSTERING FOR EFFICIENT MINING OF FUZZY ASSOCIATION RULES WITH APPLICATION TO GENE EXPRESSION DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: PAPADIMITRIOU STERGIOS , MAVROUDI SEFERINA , LIKOTHANASSIS SPIRIDON D. 
Published: March 2006

Fuzzy association rules can reveal useful dependencies and interactions hidden in large gene expression data sets. However their derivation perplexes very difficult combinatorial problems that depend heavily on the size of these sets. The paper follows a divide and conquer approach to the problem that obtains computationally manageable solutions. Initially we cluster genes that more probably are associated. Thereafter, the fuzzy association rule extraction algorithms confront many but significantly reduced computationally problems that usually can be processed very fast. The clustering phase is accomplished by means of an approach based on mutual information (MI). This approach uses the mutual information as a similarity measure. However, the numerical evaluation of the MI is subtle. We experiment with the main methods and we compare between them. As the device that implements the mutual information clustering we use a SOM (Self-Organized Map) based approach that is capable of effectively incorporating supervised bias. After the mutual information clustering phase the fuzzy association rules are extracted locally on a per cluster basis. The paper presents an application of the techniques for mining the gene expression data. However, the presented techniques can easily be adapted and can be fruitful for intelligent exploration of any other similar data set as well.
Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Options: Awareness, Discussion, and Use among Women from Four Ethnic Groups
Authors: Kaplan Celia Patricia , Haas Jennifer S. , Pérez-Stable Eliseo J. , Gregorich Steven E. , Somkin Carol , Des Jarlais Genevieve , Kerlikowske Karla 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Background: With recent advances in breast cancer risk reduction practices, it is increasingly important to assess both the breadth of and disparities in use across different racial/ethnic groups.
Methods: We conducted telephone interviews with 1,700 women ages 40 to 74, from four racial/ethnic groups, without prior history of breast cancer, who received mammograms at one of five mammography facilities in San Francisco. Main outcomes measured included recognition of tamoxifen, raloxifene, genetic testing, and prophylactic surgery. Global indicators (recognition of any therapy, discussion of breast cancer risk) were developed from original outcome measures and analyzed using logistic regression.
Results: Multivariate analyses indicate that race/ethnicity and interview language affected recognition of therapies and discussion of risk. White women were more likely than all other women to recognize any therapy and more likely than Asian-Americans to discuss risk. Women at high risk, who had a prior abnormal mammogram, who perceived themselves to be at high risk, or who were exposed to breast health information were more likely to discuss risk.
Conclusions: Women are aware of preventive therapies, although discussion and use is limited. Interventions to increase use of therapies should focus on those at high risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(1):162–6)
Melanocortin-1 Receptor (MC1R) Gene Variants and Dysplastic Nevi Modify Penetrance ofCDKN2AMutations in French Melanoma-Prone Pedigrees
Authors: Chaudru Valérie , Laud Karine , Avril Marie-Françoise , Minière Annie , Chompret Agnès , Bressac-de Paillerets Brigitte , Demenais Florence ,   The French Familial Melanoma Study Group
Published: March 2006

AbstractGermline mutations in CDKN2A gene predispose to melanoma with high but incomplete penetrance. Penetrance of CDKN2A gene was found to be significantly influenced by host factors (nevus phenotypes and sunburn) on one hand and by variants of MC1R gene (RHC variants consistently associated with red hair and fair skin) on the other hand. Our goal was to examine the joint effects of MC1R variants and other potential risk factors [total nevi, dysplastic nevi, pigmentary traits (skin, hair and eye color), skin reactions to sunlight, and degree of sun exposure] on CDKN2A penetrance. Clinical, genetic, and covariate data were recorded in 20 French melanoma-prone families with cosegregating CDKN2A mutations. Analysis of the cotransmission of melanoma and CDKN2A mutations was conducted by likelihood-based methods using the regressive logistic models, which can account for a variation of disease risk with age and can include the aforementioned risk factors as covariates. RHC variants, considered either alone or in the presence of pigmentation and nevus phenotypes, were found to increase significantly CDKN2A penetrance. Multivariate analysis, using a stepwise selection procedure, showed significant effects of two factors on melanoma risk in CDKN2A mutations carriers: RHC variants [odds ratio of hazard function (OR), 2.21; P = 0.03] and dysplastic nevi (OR, 2.93; P &lt; 0.01). Such results may have important consequences to improve the prediction of melanoma risk in families.
Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b Activity Is a Useful Bone Marker for Monitoring Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer Patients after Treatment
Authors: Chung Yoke-Chun , Ku Chih-Hung , Chao Tsu-Yi , Yu Jyh-Cherng , Chen Mary M. , Lee Su-Huei 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Metabolic markers of bone metabolism may be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) activity is a novel bone resorption marker. The treatment response of serum TRACP5b activity, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) activity, and concentrations of NH2-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX) in 68 breast cancer patients with bone metastasis were determined. These patients were treated and followed up as clinically indicated. Fifty-four healthy women were recruited as control. Serum TRACP5b activity, BAP activity, and NTX level of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis were significantly higher than those of normal controls. In normal subjects, serum TRACP5b activity and NTX level are significantly correlated (P &lt; 0.0001). Neither was correlated with BAP activity. In breast cancer patients with bone metastasis, all marker pairs correlated to each other significantly (P &lt; 0.0001). Biomarkers were examined repeatedly in 38 patients who were evaluable for treatment response. Based on clinical criteria, 20 patients were responders and 18 were nonresponders. In the 20 responders, serum TRACP5b activity and NTX level decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.0001 and 0.0107, respectively) after treatment. In the 18 nonresponders, only NTX level showed significant increase (P = 0.0342) after treatment; TRACP5b and BAP were unchanged. By means of multiple logistic regression with stepwise selection, we determined that TRACP5b activity has a higher probability than NTX level to indicate treatment response as a function of percent change after treatment (18 times versus 12 times). Our data support the use of either TRACP5b activity or NTX level to follow up breast cancer patients with bone metastasis after treatment instead of the prevailing BAP activity. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(3):424–8)
Active and Passive Smoking and Lifestyle Determinants of 8-Oxo-7,8-Dihydro-2′-Deoxyguanosine Levels in Human Leukocyte DNA
Authors: Lodovici Maura , Caldini Silvia , Luceri Cristina , Bambi Franco , Boddi Vieri , Dolara Piero 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
We investigated the effects of smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on oxidative DNA damage by measuring 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) levels in DNA of leukocytes of healthy donors (30 smokers, 29 nonsmokers, and 28 ETS-exposed subjects). Nonsmokers had lower 8-oxodGuo levels compared with smokers (5.94 ± 0.87 × 10−6 and 19.85 ± 4.75 × 10−6 2-deoxyguanosine, respectively, means ± SE, P = 0.00007). Subjects exposed to ETS had higher mean value of 8-oxodGuo compared with nonsmokers (9.18 ± 1.53 × 10−6 2-deoxyguanosine, mean ± SE), nonsignificant by univariate analysis (P = 0.074). Multiregression analysis indicated that the increase of 8-oxodGuo levels induced by ETS was significant (P = 0.045) and that coffee and tea consumption reduced DNA oxidation (P = 0.0053). Oxidative leukocyte DNA damage was positively correlated with plasma cotinine levels in ETS-exposed subjects (r = 0.47, P &lt; 0.01, n = 28) and was increased by age in nonsmokers and ETS-exposed subjects (P = 0.049). The results seem to confirm that ETS exposure is capable of inducing some oxidative DNA damage in circulating leukocytes and that coffee and tea consumption might partially protect against smoking-induced oxidation damage. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2975–7)
Serum YKL-40, A New Prognostic Biomarker in Cancer Patients?
Authors: Johansen Julia S. , Jensen Benny Vittrup , Roslind Anne , Nielsen Dorte , Price Paul A. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
YKL-40, a member of the “mammalian chitinase–like proteins,” is expressed and secreted by several types of solid tumors. The exact function of YKL-40 in cancer diseases is unknown and is an important objective of future studies. YKL-40 exhibits growth factor activity for cells involved in tissue remodeling processes. YKL-40 may have a role in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and invasiveness, in the inflammatory process around the tumor, angiogenesis, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. YKL-40 is neither organ- nor tumor-specific. However, the present retrospective clinical studies of patients with eight different types of primary or advanced solid tumors suggest that serum concentration of YKL-40 may be a new biomarker in cancer patients used as a “prognosticator.” Elevated serum YKL-40 is found in a subgroup of patients with different types of solid tumors, including several types of adenocarcinomas, small cell lung carcinoma, glioblastoma, and melanoma. The highest serum YKL-40 is detected in patients with advanced cancer and with the poorest prognosis. In many cases, serum YKL-40 provides independent information of survival. Serum YKL-40 cannot be used as a single screening test for cancer. The use of serum YKL-40 has not received Food and Drug Administration approval for use as a biomarker for cancer or any other disease. Large multicenter retrospective and prospective studies of patients with different types of cancer are required to determine: (a) if serum YKL-40 is a useful prognostic cancer biomarker, (b) if serum YKL-40 can be of value in monitoring patients with cancer in order to provide information about metastases before these are detected by routine methods, and (c) if serum YKL-40 can be useful for screening of cancer together with a panel of other cancer biomarkers and imaging techniques. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(2):194–202)
Genetic Polymorphisms in XRCC1, APE1, ADPRT, XRCC2, and XRCC3 and Risk of Chronic Benzene Poisoning in a Chinese Occupational Population
Authors: Zhang Zhongbin , Wan Junxiang , Jin Xipeng , Jin Taiyi , Shen Hongbing , Lu Daru , Xia Zhaolin 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
DNA damage induced by benzene is an important mechanism of its genotoxicity that leads to chronic benzene poisoning (CBP). Therefore, genetic variation in DNA repair genes may contribute to susceptibility to CBP in the exposed population. Because benzene-induced DNA damage includes single- and double-strand breaks, we hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1), ADP ribosyltransferase (ADPRT), X-ray repair cross-complementing group 2 (XRCC2), and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) are associated with risk of CBP. We genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms at codons 194, 280, and 399 of XRCC1, codon 148 of APE1, codon 762 of ADPRT, codon 188 of XRCC2, and codon 241 of XRCC3 in 152 CBP patients and 152 healthy workers frequency matched on age and sex among those who were occupationally exposed to benzene. The genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP technique with genomic DNA. We found that no individuals had the XRCC2 codon 188 variant alleles or Met/Met genotype of XRCC3 codon 241 in this study population. However, individuals carrying the XRCC1 194Trp allele (i.e., Arg/Trp+Trp/Trp genotypes) had a decreased risk of CBP [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj), 0.60; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.37-0.98; P = 0.041] compared with subjects with the Arg/Arg genotype whereas individuals carrying the XRCC1 280His allele (i.e., Arg/His+His/His genotypes) had an increased risk of CBP compared with those with the Arg/Arg genotype (ORadj, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.17-3.10; P = 0.009). The analysis of haplotypes of polymorphisms in XRCC1 showed that there was a 2.96-fold (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.60-5.49; χ2 = 12.39, P = 0.001) increased risk of CBP for subjects with alleles of XRCC1 194Arg, XRCC1 280His, and XRCC1 399Arg compared with those carrying alleles of XRCC1 194Arg, XRCC1 280Arg, and XRCC1 399Arg. Therefore, our results suggest that polymorphisms at codons 194 and 280 of XRCC1 may contribute to CBP in a Chinese occupational population.
Evaluating the Risk of Cervical Precancer with a Combination of Cytologic, Virologic, and Visual Methods
Authors: Wang Sophia S. , Walker Joan L. , Schiffman Mark , Solomon Diane ,   for the Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance/Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study Group
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Several test modalities (cytologic, molecular, and visual) may be used for cervical cancer screening, triage, and follow-up. Although no currently available single test for cervical neoplasia can detect disease with both high sensitivity and specificity, combinations of available tests allow for improved risk prediction. We therefore evaluated the combination of liquid-based cytology (LBC), human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing, and visual inspection (cervicography), taken at a single point in time, to predict risk of subsequent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) or cancer developing within 2 years in a triage population of 5,060 women referred for equivocal or mildly abnormal cytology. The concurrent administration of all three test modalities showed that combinations of these test modalities permitted clear and distinct risk stratification. Among HPV-positive women with high-grade LBC and high-grade cervicography results, 79.1 % [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 64.0- 90.0] were diagnosed with histologic CIN3 or cancer within 2 years, supporting a “see-and-treat” clinical application. Conversely, only 1.4% (95% CI, 0.7-2.5) of women with a negative HPV, normal cervigram, and second normal cytology result developed CIN3 or cancer. Because this low absolute risk was largely attributable to the negative HPV test, our results suggest a lack of benefit for a secondary or tertiary test result given an HPV-negative test result. Within HPV-positive women, however, we observed a steadily increasing absolute risk for cervical precancer/cancer with increasing numbers and severity of abnormal test results. We conclude that the clear discrimination of cervical cancer risk provided by multiple test modalities is consistent with our understanding of cervical etiology related to HPV natural history.
Low-Fat, High Fruit and Vegetable Diets and Weight Loss Do Not Affect Biomarkers of Cellular Proliferation in Barrett Esophagus
Authors: Kristal Alan R. , Blount Patricia L. , Schenk Jeannette M. , Sanchez Carissa A. , Rabinovitch Peter S. , Odze Robert D. , Standley Judi , Vaughan Thomas L. , Reid Brian J. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma include obesity, high fat intake, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. This trial tested whether an intervention to reduce these risk factors in patients with Barrett esophagus, a preneoplastic condition for esophageal adenocarcinoma, could reduce biomarkers of cellular proliferation and, by inference, the risk of neoplastic progression. Eighty-seven men and women with Barrett esophagus were randomized to an intensive dietary intervention or control group. At baseline, 18 and 36 months after intervention, biopsies were obtained at 2-cm intervals throughout the length of the Barrett segment. Ki67/DNA content flow cytometry was used to assess (a) % Ki67-positive proliferating diploid G1 cells, (b) % total Ki67-positive proliferating cells, (c) presence of aneuploidy, and (d) presence of &gt;6% of cells in the 4N (G2/tetraploid) fraction of the cell cycle. We also assessed re-epithelialization and length of the Barrett segment, reflux symptoms, and medication use. The intervention effects for energy, fat, fruits and vegetables, and weight were, respectively, −314 kcal, −12.2% energy, 1.8 servings/d, and −4.0 kg at 18 months (all P &lt; 0.005) and were smaller but remained significant at 36 months. There were no significant effects of the intervention on any biomarker of cellular proliferation. The intervention effects ± SE for mean %G1 Ki67+ cells were 0.98 ± 1.58 at 18 months and 1.79 ± 1.31 at 36 months; the relative risks (95% confidence interval) for developing &gt;6% of cells in 4N were 0.5 (0.1-2.6) at 18 months and 0.75 (0.2-3.1) at 36 months. A single control participant developed aneuploidy. There were no significant effects on re-epithelialization, segment length, or reflux medication use. We conclude that substantial dietary change has no short-term effects on biomarkers of cellular proliferation in Barrett esophagus or on clinical observations of the Barrrett segment.
Relationship of Obesity and Physical Activity with C-Peptide, Leptin, and Insulin-Like Growth Factors in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Irwin Melinda L. , McTiernan Anne , Bernstein Leslie , Gilliland Frank D. , Baumgartner Richard , Baumgartner Kathy , Ballard-Barbash Rachel 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIntroduction: Obese and physically inactive breast cancer patients may have poorer survival compared with lighter weight and more active women. Several obesity-related and physical activity–related hormones and peptides may explain this association, including insulin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-binding protein-3. Few studies have examined the associations between obesity, physical activity, and these hormones/peptides among breast cancer survivors.Purpose: To determine whether obesity and physical activity are associated with insulin, IGFs, and leptin levels in a population-based sample of 710 women diagnosed with in situ to stage IIIA breast cancer and enrolled in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study.Methods: We collected a blood sample and information on physical activity among women diagnosed 2 to 3 years earlier using an interview-administered questionnaire. Trained staff measured weight. C-peptide, leptin, and IGFs were assayed by RIA. Mean hormone levels within body mass index and physical activity categories were adjusted for confounders using analysis of covariance methods.Results: We observed higher C-peptide (P for trend = 0.0001) and leptin (P for trend = 0.0001) levels and lower IGF-I levels (P for trend = 0.0001) with higher levels of body mass index. We observed lower C-peptide (P for trend = 0.001) and leptin (P for trend = 0.001) levels and higher IGF-I (P for trend = 0.0037) and IGF-binding protein-3 (P for trend = 0.055) levels with higher levels of physical activity.Conclusions: Increasing physical activity and decreasing body fat may be a reasonable intervention approach toward changing insulin and leptin, thereby potentially influencing breast cancer prognosis. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2881–8)
Polymorphisms/Haplotypes in DNA Repair Genes and Smoking: A Bladder Cancer Case-Control Study
Authors: Matullo Giuseppe , Guarrera Simonetta , Sacerdote Carlotta , Polidoro Silvia , Davico Laura , Gamberini Sara , Karagas Margaret , Casetta Giovanni , Rolle Luigi , Piazza Alberto , Vineis Paolo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBladder cancer is associated with tobacco smoking and occupational exposure. The repair of DNA damage has a key role in protecting the genome from the insults of cancer-causing agents. We analyzed 13 polymorphisms in seven DNA repair genes belonging to different repair pathways [X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1): 26304C&gt;T, 26651A&gt;G, 28152A&gt;G; xeroderma pigmentosum-D (XPD): 23591A&gt;G, 35931A&gt;C; excision repair complementing defective in Chinese hamster, group 1 (ERCC1): 19007C&gt;T; XRCC3: 4541T&gt;C, 17893A&gt;G, 18067C&gt;T; proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA): 6084G&gt;C; ERCC4: 30028C&gt;T, 30147A&gt;G; and XRCC2-31479A&gt;G] in 317 incident bladder cancer patients and 317 controls. After adjustment for age and smoking, the PCNA-6084C variant was significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer [CC + CG versus GG, odds ratio (OR), 1.61; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.00-2.61], as well as the XRCC1-26651G variant (GG+AG versus AA: OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.17-2.56). After stratifying by smoking habits, an elevated risk for carriers of the XRCC3-18067T allele was detected both in current (TT versus CC: OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.21-5.80; CT versus CC: OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.09-3.52) and never smokers (TT versus CC: OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.14-16.46; CT versus CC: OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 0.72-5.66), whereas an opposite and slightly weaker effect was associated to the XRCC3-17893G allele in current smokers (GG versus AA: OR, 0.30; 95%CI, 0.11-0.82; AG versus AA: OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.42-1.27). XRCC3,XRCC1, ERCC4, and XPD-ERCC1 haplotype frequencies were estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The XRCC3-TAT haplotype was associated with an enhanced risk in the current smokers group (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15-2.29), whereas a reduction of the risk in the overall sample was observed in the presence of the XRCC3-TAC (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.97). A significant protective effect of the XPD-ERCC1-ACC haplotype was observed among never smokers (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03-0.81). Our results suggest that polymorphisms and/or haplotypes in XRCC3, XRCC1, and PCNA genes and spanning XPD-ERCC1 region may modulate bladder cancer risk and that some of these effects may preferentially affect current smokers.